Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Genetic Basis of Photoperiodism and Its Evolutionary Divergence Among Populations of the Pitcher-Plant Mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii

We measured the additive genetic variance within populations and the composite additive, dominance, and epistatic effects contributing to differentiation of photoperiodic response between two southern (ancestral) and each of four progressively more northern (derived) populations of the pitcher-plant mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii. Critical photoperiod and its additive genetic variance but not its heritability increased with latitude. Directional selection on critical photoperiod during the northward divergence of W. smithii has therefore not eroded the additive genetic variance underlying this trait. Joint scaling tests of crosses between populations showed that epistatic effects, especially additive x additive and dominance x dominance interactions, overwhelm composite additive and dominance effects on critical photoperiod. The presence of substantial epistasis suggests that multiple founder events during the northward divergence of W. smithii may have been responsible for the release of progressively greater additive genetic variance in derived populations, despite directional and stabilizing selection to reduce it. If epistasis makes a similar contribution to the genetic differentiation of populations in other species, then current models of adaptive evolution that consider only additive genetic variation and covariation within populations may be of limited value in predicting how natural populations differentiate in life history.
Lemur IIb: a robotic system for steep terrain access

Purpose – Introduces the Lemur IIb robot which allows the investigation of the technical hurdles associated with free climbing in steep terrain. These include controlling the distribution of contact forces during motion to ensure holds remain intact and to enable mobility through over‐hangs. Efforts also can be applied to further in‐situ characterization of the terrain, such as testing the strength of the holds and developing models of the individual holds and a terrain map.Design/methodology/approach – A free climbing robot system was designed and integrated. Climbing end‐effector were investigated and operational algorithms were developed.Findings – A 4‐limbed robotic system used to investigate several aspects of climbing system design including the mechanical system (novel end‐effectors, kinematics, joint design), sensing (force, attitude, vision), low‐level control (force‐control for tactile sensing and stability management), and planning (joint trajectories for stability). A new class of Ultrasonic/S.
Effects of Irrationality on a Trail Making Performance Task

45 rational and 45 irrational thinkers as defined by Ellis's (1962) theory and assessed by their scores on the Irrational Belief Test were compared on a series of Trail Making tasks. Both groups were assigned to one of three conditions which involved presentation of irrational, neutral, and rational self-referent statements. Superior performance displayed by the rational group provided support for the rational-emotive theory position that irrational beliefs (ideas) generalize their adverse effect to actual performance situations. Except for the first trial the data did not support the expectation that types of self-statements differentially influence efficiency of performance.
Impact of Tobacco Smoke on Tuberculosis : A Case Control Study

s: Background:, Smoking increase the risk of tuberculosis 2-4 times , In our country half of tubercular death in men is attributed to smoking, around 17% smokers and 1/3 tubercular patients of the world reside here . Objective: To study the impact of smoking on sputum status and clinico radiological profile of tubercular patients. Method: We did a case control study , comprises in two groups , study and control group , a total of 120 Tubercular (Pulmonary & Extra-pulmonary) patients were studied in which 65 were smoker( study group) , 55 non smoker ( control group),. Detailed clinico-radiological study was done during the period of 9 months. Result: The prevalence of tuberculosis ( Pulmonary & extra pulmonary ) among smokers is 23.63%, out of them prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis 80% ( odd ratio OR 4.8) , cough ( 98.4%), and Dyspnoea( 93.8%) was prominent clinical symptoms in study group, as well as cavitations ( 98.07%), & fibrosis ( 98.07%) radio logically significant presentation in smokers besides this relapse as well as re infection was higher among smoker’s (64.61%). Sputum positivity was high for heavy smokers (86.7%) . Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis low (20%) in study group (0.21). Conclusion: Smoking is a significant risk factor for pulmonary tuberculosis as well as it aggravates the severity and relapse of diseases. [Agarawal V K et al. NJIRM 2011; 2(3): 38-42]
Community-acquired Legionella pneumonia: new insights from the German competence network for community acquired pneumonia.

BACKGROUND The Competence Network for Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAPNETZ) offers a unique opportunity to study the epidemiology of legionellosis throughout Germany, applying sophisticated diagnostic tools. METHODS The incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcome of Legionella pneumonia in 2503 adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia, participating in the German Multicenter Study of the CAPNETZ, were studied. RESULTS Legionella pneumonia was diagnosed in 94 patients (3.8%), thus identifying Legionella species as one of the most common pathogens to cause community-acquired pneumonia. It was equally common among ambulatory and hospitalized patients (3.7% and 3.8%, respectively). The predominant species causing community-acquired pneumonia was Legionella pneumophila; however, 10% of cases were caused by other species not detectable by the urinary antigen test. Patients whose disease was diagnosed by urinary antigen testing experienced a more severe clinical course. Compared with hospitalized patients, ambulatory patients with Legionella pneumonia showed an equal sex distribution, were younger, had fewer comorbidities, fewer cases of discordant initial antimicrobial treatment, and a milder clinical course without fatalities. Thirty percent of patients with Legionella pneumonia received discordant initial antimicrobial treatment without increased mortality. CONCLUSIONS Legionella is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia in Germany. It needs to be considered equally in hospitalized and ambulatory patients. A positive result of a urine antigen test is associated with a more severe clinical course and leads to a potentially relevant underrecognition of species other than L. pneumophila. Legionella pneumonia in outpatients differs significantly from that in hospitalized patients in terms of clinical presentation and outcome. There was an unacceptably high rate of discordant initial antimicrobial treatment.
Phase 1 study of radiosensitization using bortezomib in patients with relapsed non-Hodgkin lymphoma receiving radioimmunotherapy with 131I-tositumomab

Abstract Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is effective treatment for indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), but response durations are usually limited, especially in aggressive NHL. We hypothesized that administration of bortezomib as a radiosensitizer with RIT would be tolerable and improve efficacy in NHL. This phase 1 dose-escalation study evaluated escalating doses of bortezomib combined with 131I-tositumomab in patients with relapsed/refractory NHL. Twenty-five patients were treated. Treatment was well tolerated, with primarily hematologic toxicity. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was determined to be 0.9 mg/m2 bortezomib, in combination with a standard dose of 75 cGy 131I-tositumomab. Sixteen patients responded (64%), including 44% complete responses (CRs), with 82% CR in patients with follicular lymphoma (FL). At a median follow-up of 7 months, median progression-free survival was 7 months, and seven of 11 patients with FL remained in remission at a median of 22 months. In conclusion, bortezomib can be safely administered in combination with 131I-tositumomab with promising response rates.
Improving Health-Based Payment for Medicaid Beneficiaries: CDPS

This article describes the Chronic Illness and Disability Payment System (CDPS), a diagnostic classification system that Medicaid programs can use to make health-based capitated payments for TANF and disabled Medicaid beneficiaries. The authors describe the diversity of diagnoses and different burdens of illness among disabled and AFDC Medicaid beneficiaries. Claims from seven States are analyzed, and payment weights are provided that States can use when adjusting HMO payments. The authors also compare the taxonomy and statistical performance of CDPS to other leading diagnostic classification systems and find that the new model performs better in a number of respects.
Clinico-radiological Characteristics of Spontaneous Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage, According to Regional Classification

Objective The clinico-radiologic features of the spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage (BGH) may often differ one from another, according to its regional location. Therefore, we attempted to classify the BGH into regional subgroups, and to extrapolate the distinct characteristics of each group of BGH. Materials and Methods A total of 103 BGHs were analyzed by retrospective review of medical records. BGH was classified according to four subgroups; anterior BGH; posterior BGH; lateral BGH; massive BGH. Results The most common BGH was the posterior BGH (56, 54.4%), followed by the lateral BGH (26, 25.2%), the massive BGH (12, 11.7%), and the anterior BGH (9, 8.7%). The shape of hemorrhage tended to be round in anterior, irregular in posterior, and ovoid in lateral BGH. A layered density of hematoma on initial computed tomography showed correlation with hematoma expansion (p = 0.016), which was observed more often in the postero-lateral group of BGH than in the anterior BGH group. Relatively better recovery from the initial insult was observed in the lateral BGH group than in the other regional BGH groups. The proportion of poor outcome (modified Rankin scale 4, 5, 6) was 100% in the massive, 41.1% in the posterior, 34.6% in the lateral, and 0% in the anterior BGH group. Conclusion We observed that BGH can be grouped according to its regional location and each group may have distinct characteristics. Thus, a more sophisticated clinical strategy tailored to each group of BGHs can be implemented.
Social Media and Tacit Knowledge Sharing: Developing a Conceptual Model

With the advent of social web initiatives, some argued that these new emerging tools might be useful in tacit knowledge sharing through providing interactive and collaborative technologies. However, there is still a poverty of literature to understand how and what might be the contributions of social media in facilitating tacit knowledge sharing. Therefore, this paper is intended to theoretically investigate and map social media concepts and characteristics with tacit knowledge creation and sharing requirements. By conducting a systematic literature review, five major requirements found that need to be present in an environment that involves tacit knowledge sharing. These requirements have been analyzed against social media concepts and characteristics to see how they map together. The results showed that social media have abilities to comply some of the main requirements of tacit knowledge sharing. The relationships have been illustrated in a conceptual framework, suggesting further empirical studies to acknowledge findings of this study.
Perceiving high or low home–school dissonance: Longitudinal effects on adolescent emotional and academic well-being.

For some adolescents, the beliefs, values, and behavioral expectations at home and at school are in conflict, and negotiating the boundaries between these two contexts is difficult. We administered surveys, including a scale assessing perceptions of home-school dissonance, to an ethnically diverse sample of students (N = 475) in the 5th grade in elementary school and the following year in middle school. Contrary to our hypothesis, African American students did not report more dissonance than European American students. High dissonance students (top 3rd on the Dissonance scale) were more angry and self-deprecating, had lower self-esteem, were less hopeful, felt less academically efficacious, and had a lower grade point average than did low dissonance students (bottom 3rd on the scale). Additionally, high dissonance students experienced a greater decline in grade point average, and less of a decline in anger than did low dissonance students when they moved to middle school.
Robust Control of the Two-mass Drive System Using Model Predictive Control

A demand for the miniaturization and reducing the total moment of inertia which allows to shorten the response time of the whole system is evident in modern drives system. However, reducing the size of the mechanical elements may result in disclosure of the finite stiffness of the drive shaft, which can lead to the occurrence of torsional vibrations. This problem is common in rolling-mill drives, belt-conveyors, paper machines, robotic-arm drives including space manipulators, servo-drives and throttle systems (Itoh et al., 2004, Hace et al., 2005 , Ferretti et al. 2005, Sugiura & Hori, Y., 1996, Szabat & Orlowska-Kowalska, 2007, O’Sullivan at al. 2007, Ryvkin et al., 2003 , Wang & Frayman, 2004, Vasak & Peric, 2009, Vukosovic & Stojic, 1998). To improve performances of the classical control structure with the PI controller, the additional feedback loop from one selected mechanical state variable can be used. The additional feedback allows setting the desired value of the damping coefficient, but the free value of the resonant frequency cannot be achieved simultaneously (Szabat & OrlowskaKowalska, 2007). According to the literature, the application of the additional feedback from the shaft torque is very common (Szabat & Orlowska-Kowalska, 2007). The design methodology of that system can be divided into two groups. In the first framework the shaft torque is treated as the disturbance. The simplest approach relies on feeding back the estimated shaft torque to the control structure, with the gain less than one. The more advanced methodology, called Resonance Ratio Control (RRC) is presented in (Hori et al., 1999). The system is said to have good damping ability when the ratio of the resonant to antiresonant frequency has a relatively big value (about 2). The second framework consists in the application of the modal theory. Parameters of the control structure are calculated by comparison of the characteristic equation of the whole system to the desired polynomial. To obtain a free design of the control structure parameters, i.e. the resonant frequency and the damping coefficient, the application of two feedbacks from different groups of mechanical state variables is necessary. The design methodology of this type of the systems is presented in (Szabat & Orlowska-Kowalska, 2007). The control structures presented so far are based on the classical cascade compensation schemes. Since the early 1960s a completely different approach to the analysis of the system dynamics has been developed – the state space methodology (Michels et al., 2006). The application of the state-space controller allows to place the system poles in an arbitrary position so theoretically it is possible to obtain any dynamic response of the system. The
Qualitatively Different Effects of Undetected and Unidentified Auditory Primes

The suggestion that semantic activation can occur without conscious identification of the priming stimulus is still controversial. Many studies supporting such a contention, especially those where primes were auditorially presented, suffer from methodological shortcomings, frequently with regard to threshold measurement. In the study reported here 24 subjects underwent a considerably more rigorous thresholding procedure than has been usual, prior to engaging in a forced-choice sentence completion task. The results show that semantic priming operates when subjects were unable to detect the presence of primes and that phonological (but not semantic) priming operates when the primes were invariably detected but never correctly identified. The relevance of these qualitatively different effects of primes, as a function of the level at which they are presented, in discussed in the light of recent accounts of unconscious processing.
The Psychometric Properties and Correlates of the Reynolds' Suicide Ideation Questionnaire with Kuwaiti and American Students

In samples of Kuwaiti (n = 460) and American (n = 273) college students, the Reynolds Suicide Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ) proved to have good internal consistency and concurrent validity with measures of anxiety, optimism, pessimism, death obsession, obsession-compulsion, and ego-grasping. The SIQ was factorially complex in both samples, but the eight critical items showed a similar two-factor pattern in both samples. It is important to note that in spite of the great differences between Kuwait and US students and their cultures, the findings were quite similar. By and large, the psychological correlates of the SIQ may have cross-cultural generality.
Subject Areas : Optics A Viewpoint on : Generation and Near-Field Imaging of Airy Surface Plasmons

Surface plasmons (SPs), or more exactly, surface plasmon polaritons, are surface electromagnetic waves that propagate along the planar interface between a metal and a dielectric material [1] (see Fig. 1). These particular electromagnetic modes are sustained by the collective electronic oscillations (plasma waves) in the metal in proximity to the interface. Plasmons are essentially two-dimensional waves whose field components decay exponentially with distance from the surface. The very fact that these waves tightly cling to the surface makes them ideal for molecule diagnostics and biosensing applications. On many occasions, SP beams are expected to carry energy from one location on the surface to another. Yet for this to happen in an effective way, diffraction broadening effects must be first suppressed. Methods to suppress the diffraction broadening of a freely propagating plasmon beam have been actively pursued by several research groups in recent years. For many applications, this diffraction-free plasmonic energy trans-
Benzoxetes and Benzothietes - Heterocyclic Analogues of Benzocyclobutene

Benzo-condensed four-ring heterocycles, such as benzoxetes 1 and benzothietes 3 represent multi-purpose starting compounds for the preparation of various higher heterocyclic ring systems. The thermal or photochemical valence isomerizations between the benzenoid forms 1,3 and the higher reactive o-quinoid structures 2,4 provide the basis for the synthetic applications. On the other hand, this valence isomerization impedes in particular the generation and storage of 1 because the thermal equilibrium 1 ⇆ 2 is completely on the side of 2. Thus, the number of erroneous or questionable benzoxete structures published to date is surprisingly high. On the contrary, the thermal equilibrium 3 ⇆ 4 is on the side of the benzothietes 3, which makes them easily accessible, especially by different flash vacuum pyrolysis techniques. The present article gives a survey of the preparations of 1 and 2, and tries to stimulate their use in synthetic projects. Naphtho-condensed and higher condensed compounds and compounds with an exocyclic C=O or S=O double bond (lactones, thiolactones, sulfoxides and sulfones) are not covered in this article.
Interaction between Protein Kinase C δ and the c-Abl Tyrosine Kinase in the Cellular Response to Oxidative Stress*

Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms are phosphorylated on tyrosine in the response of cells to oxidative stress. The present studies demonstrate that treatment of cells with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induces binding of the PKCδ isoform and the c-Abl protein-tyrosine kinase. The results show that c-Abl phosphorylates PKCδ in the H2O2 response. We also show that PKCδ phosphorylates and activates c-Abl in vitro. In cells, induction of c-Abl activity by H2O2 is attenuated by the PKCδ inhibitor, rottlerin, and by overexpression of the regulatory domain of PKCδ. These findings support a functional interaction between PKCδ and c-Abl in the cellular response to oxidative stress.
Hand vein biometry based on geometry and appearance methods

Many biometric systems, such as face, fingerprint and iris have been studied extensively for personal verification and identification purposes. Biometric identification with vein patterns is a more recent approach that uses the vast network of blood vessels underneath a person's skin. These patterns in the hands are assumed to be unique to each individual and they do not change over time except in size. As veins are under the skin and have a wealth of differentiating features, an attempt to copy an identity is extremely difficult. These properties of uniqueness, stability and strong immunity to forgery of the vein patterns make it a potentially good biometric trait which offers greater security and reliable features for personal identification. In this study, the authors present a novel hand vein database and a biometric technique based on the statistical processing of the hand vein patterns. The BOSPHORUS hand vein database has been collected under realistic conditions in that subjects had to undergo the procedures of holding a bag, pressing an elastic ball and cooling with ice, all exercises that force changes in the vein patterns. The applied recognition techniques are a combination of geometric and appearance-based techniques and good identification performances have been obtained on the database.
Disposal practices for unused medications in New Zealand community pharmacies.

INTRODUCTION One of the recommended methods for households to dispose of unused medications in many countries is to return them to community pharmacies. However, such a practice will only reduce the environmental levels of pharmaceuticals if the medications are also disposed of and destroyed properly by the pharmacies. AIM This study reports the results of a questionnaire sent to New Zealand community pharmacists regarding disposal practices for unused or expired medications in their workplaces. METHODS A pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire was sent to 500 randomly selected community pharmacies from all areas of New Zealand. The participants were asked how they disposed of a variety of medications. In addition, participants were also asked about whether they knew how unused medications were destroyed if their pharmacy used a third-party contractor or distributor to dispose of them. RESULTS Of the 265 respondents, 80.4% and 61.1% respectively reported that solid and semi-solid medications were removed by contractors. However liquid and Class B controlled drugs were predominantly disposed of down the pharmacy sink. Over 60% of the participating pharmacists indicated that they believed the contractors incinerated the collected pharmaceutical waste, and over 90% of the participating pharmacists indicated their wish for a state-run disposal and destruction system. DISCUSSION Liquid medications and Class B controlled drugs, which were commonly reported to be disposed of down the sewage system, may increase the potential for environmental pollution by pharmaceuticals in New Zealand. There is a need for increased environmental awareness amongst community pharmacists in New Zealand.