Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predication of Parkinson's disease using data mining methods: A comparative analysis of tree, statistical and support vector machine classifiers

The prediction of Parkinson's disease in early age has been challenging task among researchers because the symptoms of disease come into existence in middle and late middle age. There is lot of the symptoms that leads to Parkinson's disease. But this paper focus on the speech articulation difficulty symptoms of PD affected people and try to formulate the model on the behalf of three data mining methods. These three data mining methods are taken from three different domains of data mining i.e. from tree classifier, statistical classifier and support vector machine classifier. Performance of these three classifiers is measured with three performance matrices i.e. accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. So, the main task of this paper is tried to find out which model identified the PD affected people more accurately.
When Does Humor Enhance or Inhibit Ad Responses? - The Moderating Role Of The Need For Humor

Humor is often featured in consumer advertisements, yet its effects and the mechanisms by which they operate have not been fully elucidated. Previous studies have shown humor to enhance, inhibit, or have no effect on consumers' responses to advertisements. Clearly, there are boundary conditions governing the operation of humor. The authors report a program of experimentation that examines one such contingency: an individual's"need for humor. " Need for humor (NFH) is a trait that refers to a person's tendency to generate and seek out humor.Humor was manipulated in three studies using print ads and NFH was measured. Dependent variables included various measures of advertising effectiveness. Results of Study 1 show the impact of humor on attitude toward the ad to be moderated by NFH, such that humor influences only higher-NFH subjects. Results of Study 2 show a similar moderating effect of NFH, which is further qualified by the need for cognition (NFC), suggesting that the motivation to process may help explain the key finding. Study 3 provides additional evidence of a three-way interaction of humor, NFH, and NFC, and offers a process explanation using path modeling.
Pay Dirt: The Business of Professional Team Sports.

Why would a Japanese millionaire want to buy the Seattle Mariners baseball team, when he has admitted that he has never played in or even seen a baseball game? Cash is the answer: major league baseball, like professional football, basketball, and hockey, is now big business with the potential to bring millions of dollars in profits to owners. Not very long ago, however, buying a sports franchise was a hazardous investment risked only by die-hard fans wealthy enough to lose parts of fortunes made in other businesses. What forces have changed team ownership from sports-fan folly to big-business savvy? Why has The Wall Street Journal become popular reading in pro sports locker rooms? And why are sports pages now dominated by economic clashes between owners and players, cities with franchises and cities lacking franchises, leagues and players' unions, and team lawyers and players' lawyers? In answering these questions, James Quirk and Rodney Fort have written the most complete book on the business and economics of professional sports, past and present. Pay Dirt offers a wealth of information and analysis on the reserve clause, salary determination, competitive balance in sports leagues, the market for franchises, tax sheltering, arenas and stadiums, and rival leagues. The authors present an abundance of historical material, much of it new, including team ownership histories and data on attendance, TV revenue, stadium and arena contracts, and revenues and costs. League histories, team statistics, stories about players and owners, and sports lore of all kinds embellish the work. Quirk and Fort are writing for anyone interested in sports in the 1990s: players, players' agents, generalmanagers, sportswriters, and, most of all, sports fans.
The developer is the enemy

We argue that application developers, while often viewed as allies in the effort to create software with fewer security vulnerabilities, are not reliable allies. They have varying skill sets which often do not include security. Moreover, we argue that it is inefficient and unrealistic to expect to be able to successfully teach all of the world's population of software developers to be security experts. We suggest more efficient and effective alternatives, focusing on those developers who produce core functionality used by other developers (e.g. those who develop popular APIs -- Application Programming Interfaces). We discuss the benefits of designing APIs which can be easily used in a secure fashion to encourage security. We also introduce two straw-man proposals which integrate security into the work- ow of an application developer. Data tagging and unsuppressible warnings provide the basis for further work where the most natural use (path of least resistance) results in secure code. We believe there are benefits to co-opting developers into programming securely.
A New Model of Patient Tumor-Derived Breast Cancer Xenografts for Preclinical Assays

Purpose: To establish a panel of human breast cancer (HBC) xenografts in immunodeficient mice suitable for pharmacologic preclinical assays. Experimental Design: 200 samples of HBCs were grafted into Swiss nude mice. Twenty-five transplantable xenografts were established (12.5%). Their characterization included histology, p53 status, genetic analysis by array comparative genomic hybridization, gene expression by Western blotting, and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Biological profiles of nine xenografts were compared with those of the corresponding patient's tumor. Chemosensitivities of 17 xenografts to a combination of Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (AC), docetaxel, trastuzumab, and Degarelix were evaluated. Results: Almost all patient tumors established as xenografts displayed an aggressive phenotype, i.e., high-grade, triple-negative status. The histology of the xenografts recapitulated the features of the original tumors. Mutation of p53 and inactivation of Rb and PTEN proteins were found in 83%, 30%, and 42% of HBC xenografts, respectively. Two HBCx had an ERBB2 (HER2) amplification. Large variations were observed in the expression of HER family receptors and in genomic profiles. Genomic alterations were close to those of original samples in paired tumors. Three xenografts formed lung metastases. A total of 15 of the 17 HBCx (88%) responded to AC, and 8 (47%) responded to docetaxel. One ERBB2-amplified xenograft responded to trastuzumab, whereas the other did not. The drug response of HBC xenografts was concordant with that of the patient's tumor in five of seven analyzable cases. Conclusions: This panel of breast cancer xenografts includes 15 triple-negative, one ER positive and 2 ERBB2 positive. This panel represents a useful preclinical tool for testing new agents and protocols and for further exploration of the biological basis of drug responses.
Analysis and Comparison in the Energy-Delay-Area Domain of Nanometer CMOS Flip-Flops: Part I—Methodology and Design Strategies

In this paper (split into Parts I and II), an extensive comparison of existing flip-flop (FF) classes and topologies is carried out. In contrast to previous works, analysis explicitly accounts for effects that arise in nanometer technologies and affect the energy-delay-area tradeoff (e.g., leakage and the impact of layout and interconnects). Compared to previous papers on FFs comparison, the analysis involves a significantly wider range of FF classes and topologies. In particular, in this Part I, the comparison strategy, which includes the simulation setup, the energy-delay estimation methodology, and an overview of an optimum design strategy, together with the introduction of the analyzed FF classes and topologies, are reported.
Treatment adherence in heart failure patients followed up by nurses in two specialized clinics

Objectives: to analyze treatment adherence in heart failure (HF) patients followed up by the nursing staff at specialized clinics and its association with patients' characteristics such as number of previous appointments, family structure, and comorbidities. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted at two reference clinics for the treatment of HF patients (center 1 and center 2). Data were obtained using a 10-item questionnaire with scores ranging from 0 to 26 points; adherence was considered adequate if the score was ≥ 18 points, or 70% of adherence. Results: a total of 340 patients were included. Mean adherence score was 16 (±4) points. Additionally, 124 (36.5%) patients showed an adherence rate ≥ 70%. It was demonstrated that patients who lived with their family had higher adherence scores, that three or more previous nursing appointments was significantly associated with higher adherence (p<0.001), and that hypertension was associated with low adherence (p=0.023). Conclusions: treatment adherence was considered satisfactory in less than a half of the patients followed up at the two clinics specialized in HF. Living with the family and attending to a great number of nursing appointments improved adherence, while the presence of hypertension led to worse adherence.
Critical exponents for crisis-induced intermittency.

We consider three types of changes that attractors can undergo as a system parameter is varied. The first type leads to the sudden destruction of a chaotic attractor. The second type leads to the sudden widening of a chaotic attractor. In the third type of change, which applies for many systems with symmetries, two (or more) chaotic attractors merge to form a single chaotic attractor and the merged attractor can be larger in phase-space extent than the union of the attractors before the change. All three of these types of changes are termed crises and are accompanied by a characteristic temporal behavior of orbits after the crisis. For the case where the chaotic attractor is destroyed, this characteristic behavior is the existence of chaotic transients. For the case where the chaotic attractor suddenly widens, the characteristic behavior is an intermittent bursting out of the phase-space region within which the attractor was confined before the crisis. For the case where the attractors suddenly merge, the characteristic behavior is an intermittent switching between behaviors characteristic of the attractors before merging.
PLANKTON ABUNDANCE AND DYNAMICS ACROSS NUTRIENT LEVELS: TESTS OF HYPOTHESES

In lakes and reservoirs in which Daphnia is able to suppress the biomass of edible algae far below the level set by nutrients, the interaction is stable across the range of nutrient-poor to nutrient-rich environments. This phenomenon contradicts standard con sumer-resource models, which predict that dynamics should become increasingly unstable with enrichment. We test four hypotheses that might account for stability at high-nutrient levels: (1) greater abundance of inedible algae with enrichment interferes with Daphnia's feeding; (2) Daphnia's death rate increases with enrichment; (3) Daphnia's death rate increases with Daphnia density; (4) Daphnia's functional response depends on Daphnia's density. All hypotheses are rejected because they predict much higher biomass of edible algae at high-nutrient levels than is observed. Additional evidence on Daphnia death rates strengthens the case against hypotheses (2) and (3). We consider other hypotheses and conclude that three in particular would repay further investigation. (a) Inedible algae act as a nutrient "sponge," reducing the effective carrying capacity for edible algae; (b) limited spatial movement can enhance stability through a metapopulation-like effect, and (c) stochastic variation among individuals can be stabilizing. The central problem investigated here is a general one, with implications for many consumer-resource systems.
Evolution of Complex RNA Polymerases: The Complete Archaeal RNA Polymerase Structure

The archaeal RNA polymerase (RNAP) shares structural similarities with eukaryotic RNAP II but requires a reduced subset of general transcription factors for promoter-dependent initiation. To deepen our knowledge of cellular transcription, we have determined the structure of the 13-subunit DNA-directed RNAP from Sulfolobus shibatae at 3.35 Å resolution. The structure contains the full complement of subunits, including RpoG/Rpb8 and the equivalent of the clamp-head and jaw domains of the eukaryotic Rpb1. Furthermore, we have identified subunit Rpo13, an RNAP component in the order Sulfolobales, which contains a helix-turn-helix motif that interacts with the RpoH/Rpb5 and RpoA′/Rpb1 subunits. Its location and topology suggest a role in the formation of the transcription bubble.
Biotechnological Potential of Agro Residues for Economical Production of Thermoalkali-Stable Pectinase by Bacillus pumilus dcsr1 by Solid-State Fermentation and Its Efficacy in the Treatment of Ramie Fibres

The production of a thermostable and highly alkaline pectinase by Bacillus pumilus dcsr1 was optimized in solid-state fermentation (SSF) and the impact of various treatments (chemical, enzymatic, and in combination) on the quality of ramie fibres was investigated. Maximum enzyme titer (348.0 ± 11.8 Ug−1 DBB) in SSF was attained, when a mixture of agro-residues (sesame oilseed cake, wheat bran, and citrus pectin, 1 : 1 : 0.01) was moistened with mineral salt solution (a w 0.92, pH 9.0) at a substrate-to-moistening agent ratio of 1 : 2.5 and inoculated with 25% of 24 h old inoculum, in 144 h at 40°C. Parametric optimization in SSF resulted in 1.7-fold enhancement in the enzyme production as compared to that recorded in unoptimized conditions. A 14.2-fold higher enzyme production was attained in SSF as compared to that in submerged fermentation (SmF). The treatment with the enzyme significantly improved tensile strength and Young's modulus, reduction in brittleness, redness and yellowness, and increase in the strength and brightness of ramie fibres.
Networks and learning in game theory

This work concentrates on two topics, networks and game theory, and learning in games. The first part of this thesis looks at network games and the role of incomplete information in such games. It is assumed that players are located on a network and interact with their neighbors in the network. Players only have incomplete information on the network structure. The first part of this thesis studies how players' beliefs over the network they belong to affect game-theoretic outcomes, and develops a natural model for players' beliefs. The second part of this thesis focuses on learning in games. An intuitive learning model is introduced, and the predictions of this model are analyzed. Furthermore, learning in a class of congestion games is studied from different perspectives.
Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) Equation Pronouncedly Underestimates Glomerular Filtration Rate in Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in type 2 diabetic patients with GFR >60 mL/min/1.73 m2. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study including 105 type 2 diabetic patients. GFR was measured by 51Cr-EDTA method and estimated by the MDRD and CKD-EPI equations. Serum creatinine was measured by the traceable Jaffe method. Bland-Altman plots were used. Bias, accuracy (P30), and precision were evaluated. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 57 ± 8 years; 53 (50%) were men and 90 (86%) were white. Forty-six (44%) patients had microalbuminuria, and 14 (13%) had macroalbuminuria. 51Cr-EDTA GFR was 103 ± 23, CKD-EPI GFR was 83 ± 15, and MDRD-GFR was 78 ± 17 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P < 0.001). Accuracy (95% CI) was 67% (58–74) for CKD-EPI and 64% (56–75) for MDRD. Precision was 21 and 22, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The CKD-EPI and MDRD equations pronouncedly underestimated GFR in type 2 diabetic patients.
The role of Plasmodium knowlesi in the history of malaria research

SUMMARY In recent years, a malaria infection of humans in South East Asia, originally diagnosed as a known human-infecting species, Plasmodium malariae, has been identified as a simian parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi. This species had been subject to considerable investigation in monkeys since the 1930s. With the development of continuous culture of the erythrocytic stages of the human malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum in 1976, the emphasis in research shifted away from knowlesi. However, its importance as a human pathogen has provoked a renewed interest in P. knowlesi, not least because it too can be maintained in continuous culture and thus provides an experimental model. In fact, this parasite species has a long history in malaria research, and the purpose of this chapter is to outline approximately the first 50 years of this history.
Native and introduced host plants of Anastrepha fraterculus and Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in northwestern Argentina.

Wild or commercially grown, native and exotic fruit were collected in 30 localities in the Tucumán province (NW Argentina) from January 1990 to December 1995 to determine their status as hosts of Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) and/or Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), the only two fruit fly species of economic and quarantine importance in Argentina. A total of 84,094 fruit (3,466.1 kg) representing 33 species (7 native and 26 exotic) in 15 plant families were sampled. We determined the following 17 host plant associations: Annona cherimola Miller (Annonaceae), Citrus paradisi Macfadyn (Rutaceae), Diospyros kaki L. (Ebenaceae), Eugenia uniflora L. , Psidium guajava L. , Myrcianthes pungens (Berg) Legrand (Myrtaceae), Ficus carica L. (Moraceae), Juglans australis Grisebach (Juglandaceae), Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae), Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. , Prunus armeniaca L. , P. domestica L. , and P. persica (L.) Batsch (Rosaceae) were infested by both A. fraterculus and C. capitata. Citrus aurantium L. , Citrus reticulata Blanco, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae), and Passiflora caerulea L. (Passifloraceae) were only infested by Ceratitis capitata. Out of a total of 99,627 adults that emerged from pupae, 69,180 (approximately 69.5%) were Anastrepha fraterculus, 30,138 (approximately 30.2%) were C. capitata, and 309 (approximately 0.3%) were an unidentified Anastrepha species. Anastrepha fraterculus predominated in native plant species while C. capitata did so in introduced species. Infestation rates (number of larvae/kg of fruit) varied sharply from year to year and between host plant species (overall there was a significant negative correlation between fruit size and infestation level). We provide information on fruiting phenology of all the reported hosts and discuss our findings in light of their practical (e.g., management of A. fraterculus and C. capitata in citrus groves) implications.
Impairments of manual tracking performance during spaceflight are associated with specific effects of microgravity on visuomotor transformations

In contrast to performance in cognitive tasks, tracking performance tends to deteriorate fairly consistently during spaceflight. We address the question whether this decrement results from specific effects of microgravity on motor control or from non-specific effects of the various other stressors present. In a case study we generalize the findings obtained with aiming movements, performed by the same cosmonaut with the same effectors as used for an unstable tracking task, to obtain hypotheses for specific changes of parameters of a simple model used to analyse tracking performance. Consistent with these hypotheses, we observed a reduction of limb stiffness in-flight, but a reduction of the tracking gain post-flight. The cross-task consistency of the observed changes does strongly suggest that the tracking impairment is at least partly caused by specific effects of microgravity on motor control, in particular by a mis-calibration of muscular forces which likely results from an underestimation of masses due to weightlessness.
The Nonstochastic Multiarmed Bandit Problem

In the multiarmed bandit problem, a gambler must decide which arm of K nonidentical slot machines to play in a sequence of trials so as to maximize his reward. This classical problem has received much attention because of the simple model it provides of the trade-off between exploration (trying out each arm to find the best one) and exploitation (playing the arm believed to give the best payoff). Past solutions for the bandit problem have almost always relied on assumptions about the statistics of the slot machines. In this work, we make no statistical assumptions whatsoever about the nature of the process generating the payoffs of the slot machines. We give a solution to the bandit problem in which an adversary, rather than a well-behaved stochastic process, has complete control over the payoffs. In a sequence of T plays, we prove that the per-round payoff of our algorithm approaches that of the best arm at the rate O(T-1/2). We show by a matching lower bound that this is the best possible. We also prove that our algorithm approaches the per-round payoff of any set of strategies at a similar rate: if the best strategy is chosen from a pool of N strategies, then our algorithm approaches the per-round payoff of the strategy at the rate O((log N1/2 T-1/2). Finally, we apply our results to the problem of playing an unknown repeated matrix game. We show that our algorithm approaches the minimax payoff of the unknown game at the rate O(T-1/2).
Toward efficient execution of dataflow actors

Dataflow descriptions are a natural match to application areas such as signal processing, cryptography, networking, image processing, and media coding. This paper addresses the problem of efficiently executing the basic elements of a dataflow program, its actors, written in a language such as MPEG's RVC-CAL. Using actor machines as an execution model for dataflow actors, we devise a metric for measuring the quality of a translation in terms of program size and execution efficiency, and then build, evaluate and compare a number of translators with each other and prior art, using MPEG reference code as a benchmark.