Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) Mapping Reveals a Role for Unstudied Genes in Aspergillus Virulence

Infections caused by the fungus Aspergillus are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised populations. To identify genes required for virulence that could be used as targets for novel treatments, we mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting virulence in the progeny of a cross between two strains of A. nidulans (FGSC strains A4 and A91). We genotyped 61 progeny at 739 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) spread throughout the genome, and constructed a linkage map that was largely consistent with the genomic sequence, with the exception of one potential inversion of ∼527 kb on Chromosome V. The estimated genome size was 3705 cM and the average intermarker spacing was 5.0 cM. The average ratio of physical distance to genetic distance was 8.1 kb/cM, which is similar to previous estimates, and variation in recombination rate was significantly positively correlated with GC content, a pattern seen in other taxa. To map QTL affecting virulence, we measured the ability of each progeny strain to kill model hosts, larvae of the wax moth Galleria mellonella. We detected three QTL affecting in vivo virulence that were distinct from QTL affecting in vitro growth, and mapped the virulence QTL to regions containing 7–24 genes, excluding genes with no sequence variation between the parental strains and genes with only synonymous SNPs. None of the genes in our QTL target regions have been previously associated with virulence in Aspergillus, and almost half of these genes are currently annotated as “hypothetical”. This study is the first to map QTL affecting the virulence of a fungal pathogen in an animal host, and our results illustrate the power of this approach to identify a short list of unknown genes for further investigation.
Economic Science and Public Policy

I. It b sometimes maintained that we could reach further to an imderstanding of society if there were more co-operation between scientbts. For few social facts are exclusively economic or legal or political—^they have economic, legal, political aspects. Accordingly economics b concemed with those aspects which we define as economic; law with legal aspects, politics with political aspects, and so on. In thb sense the subject matter of the social sciences are more 'abstractions from reality than sections of realit/. That being so 'reality' may escape between the aspects studied by the social sciences. ^ Those who make a plea for more co-operation between the social sciences presumably think, or stispect, that 'realit/ does so escape. Within Econonucs there has been a controversy concerning the status of welfare economics. The nature of thb controversy b suggested by such questions as—^What can the econombt qtu econombt say? Is the orthodox theory of economic behaviour a theory of himian behaviour at all? Are the conclusions of welfare economics value judgments, or are they rather the logical conclusions drawn from a set of consbtent value axioms? Are the assumptions of welfare economics sufficiently realbtic to make the conclusions relevant to problems of economic policy; in other words, should the propositions of welfare economics be interpreted as analytic propositions or as synthetic propositions? It can be seen from these questions that economists have been concerned both with defining those aspects of society that are analysed in economics, and with the relevance to practical issues of propositions resulting from the methods of analysb used in economics. One would therefore expect the controversy to throw light on the significance of the plea for greater co-operation between social scientbts. However the main concern of thb article will not be with estimating the significance of that plea, but with a review of certain problems, in one of the social sciences, which have a bearing on that plea. Though the significance of the plea cannot be estimated by considering one social science, we shall see that problems of employment policy and of the non-market provbion for wants
Management development within the construction industry:building on success?

This article explores the notion that the workplace is a learning environment, and that the line manager is a key player determining its effectiveness. The work discusses how performance management systems may be used to clarify expectations made of line managers with regard to employee development. The work, in addition, suggests that line manager people management expertise may be a factor inhibiting workplace development for subordinates, and makes a number of suggestions about how to prepare the line manager for effective employee development. Key issues are illustrated by reference to a case study example. The case demonstrates that a high profile management development programme within a major international organisation failed to meet all objectives because of the unwillingness of the line management team to participate in the development of subordinates back in the workplace.
Explaining pathologies of belief

The two-factor framework for explaining delusions is developed in a way that promises reasonable coverage without overgeneralization. We propose that heterogeneity in explanations of delusions can be conceived as parametric variation within the two-factor framework and we suggest several parameters. In three ways, we confront the fact that the second factor in the two-factor framework, a presumed impairment of belief evaluation, has been poorly specified in terms of cognitive function. First, an a priori task analysis suggests that belief evaluation involves working memory and executive processes of inhibition. Second, we review experimental and neuroimaging studies of the belief-bias effect in the context of dual-process accounts of reasoning. The results can be interpreted as supporting the proposal that the second factor in the explanation of delusions is an impairment of working memory or executive function with a neural basis in damage to the right frontal region of the brain. Finally, we present results from a study of cognitive impairments following stroke to support our proposal in the case of anosognosia considered as a delusion.
Les motifs allégués du partage social et de la rumination mentale des émotions : comparaison des épisodes positifs et négatifs

Resume On a examine les motifs allegues du partage social et de la rumination mentale des emotions selon la valence de l’evenement. Selon quatre consignes differentes de rappel, 106 participants se sont rememores un evenement emotionnel de leur passe recent ayant implique soit la joie, la colere, la peur ou la tristesse. Ils ont ensuite repondu a une serie de questions. Les resultats ont montre que les motifs des reminiscences different selon la valence de l’evenement : les reminiscences negatives sont associees a des buts de catharsis, de comprehension, et de soutien social, tandis que les reminiscences positives se deploient dans le but de se souvenir, de susciter l’attention d’autrui, et de l’informer.
Nutritional status, yield and composition of peach fruit subjected to the application of organic compost

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional state, yield and composition of peaches on peach trees subjected to the application of organic compost to the soil. This experiment was conducted during the 2008 and 2009 cropping season in an orchard containing Chimarrita cultivars grafted onto Capdeboscq rootstocks and Haplumbrept soils in the municipality of Farroupilha (Rio Grande do Sul State), Brazil. The treatments included 0, 9, 18, 36, 72 and 144 liters of organic compost per plant-1 year-1. The total nutrient contents in the leaves, yield components, yields per plant and hectare and compositions of the fruits were evaluated in 2008 and 2009 soon after harvest and after 30 days of storage. The application of organic compost to the soil increased the yield components and the yields per plant and hectare in the two treatments with the highest compost additions, which indicated that the addition of 72 L of compost per plant-1 is ideal economically. The organic compost had little effect on the composition of the peach fruit after harvest and after 30 days of storage.
Assessing Self-Regulation in the Classroom: Validation of the BIS-11 and the BRIEF in Low-Income, Ethnic Minority School-Age Children

Research Findings: At present, few resources are available to researchers, teachers, and practitioners who wish to quickly and reliably assess children's self-regulation within the classroom context, and particularly within settings serving low-income and ethnic minority children. This paper explores the psychometric properties of a teacher-report composite of 2 clinical measures of self-regulation—the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (version 11; BIS-11) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF)—in a sample of low-income African American and Hispanic children. Results of factor analyses revealed a 2-factor solution for the composite measure formed from the BIS-11 and the BRIEF that corresponded to the latent domains of cognitive and behavioral self-regulation. The composite scale was found to have high internal consistency, reliability, and concurrent validity compared to a previously validated measure of teacher-rated inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. In addition, results of multigroup comparisons provide evidence for measurement invariance of the composite measure across race, poverty risk status, and gender. Practice or Policy: The results support the usefulness of a teacher-rated combined version of the BIS-11 and the BRIEF for the assessment of low-income, ethnic minority children's cognitive and behavioral self-regulation. This study also helps to inform the theoretical relationship between the cognitive and behavioral subdomains of child self-regulation.
How to persuade honors students to go the extra mile: creating a challenging learning environment

Although universities aim to challenge high-ability students to develop their talents to the full, the question of how to create such challenges remains unanswered. In this study, we examined six different honors courses to discover which factors in the learning environment specifically designed for high-ability students challenged these students and determined how such challenges were established. Perceived challenges (factors and intensity) in the different courses were identified from focus group interviews with students. The interviews were guided by a storyline method which retrospectively discussed students’ experiences of course activities. In addition, course materials and audio-recorded classes were analyzed to describe how challenge was established. Results revealed three challenge factors: autonomy, complexity, and teacher expectations, similar to the ones found in a previous, single-case study. Results showed that the greatest challenge was experienced when the three factors were simultaneously experienced in the learning environment. These three challenge factors were manifested in various and sometimes very subtle ways through course design (e.g. open structure of assignments) and class interactions (e.g. particular ways of questioning).
Reactivation and Consolidation of Memory During Sleep

Recent research has shown compellingly that sleep supports the consolidation of declarative memories for events and facts. During consolidation, memories are stabilized against future interference and undergo qualitative changes with regard to their “explicitness” and underlying neural representation. In this article, we argue that declarative memory consolidation during sleep is based on covert reactivations of newly encoded memory traces in the hippocampus. During slow-wave sleep (SWS), the prominent slow oscillations act to synchronize the repeated reactivation of the newly encoded representations in hippocampal networks with the generation of spindle activity in the thalamus, supporting changes in neocortical networks that contribute to long-term memory storage. In this view, sleep plays an active role in the consolidation of memories, in which the neuronal reactivation of newly acquired memories is critical for the redistribution and integration of these memories into the network of pre-existing long-term memories.
Don't leave me this way! A qualitative study of influences on the organisational commitment and turnover intentions of graduates early in their career

While the demand for graduate recruits is growing, organisations still have little insight into how best to retain those graduates who join them. This paper reports the findings of a qualitative study which explored what factors were most likely to influence graduates' decisions to stay with or leave their first employer in the early years of their career. It does so within a conceptual framework built around organisational commitment and its antecedents and consequences.The results are used to propose how employers might take action to maximise retention, and to discuss the importance of career guidance in helping graduates to develop realistic and practical notions of what they can expect from work and what will be expected of them.
The Current Situation of Treatment Systems for Alcoholism in Korea

Alcoholism is becoming one of the most serious issues in Korea. The purpose of this review article was to understand the present status of the treatment system for alcoholism in Korea compared to the United States and to suggest its developmental direction in Korea. Current modalities of alcoholism treatment in Korea including withdrawal treatment, pharmacotherapy, and psychosocial treatment are available according to Korean evidence-based treatment guidelines. Benzodiazepines and supportive care including vitamin and nutritional support are mainly used to treat alcohol withdrawal in Korea. Naltrexone and acamprosate are the drugs of first choice to treat chronic alcoholism. Psychosocial treatment methods such as individual psychotherapy, group psychotherapy, family therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, cue exposure therapy, 12-step facilitation therapy, self-help group therapy, and community-based treatment have been carried out to treat chronic alcoholism in Korea. However, current alcohol treatment system in Korea is not integrative compared to that in the United States. To establish the treatment system, it is important to set up an independent governmental administration on alcohol abuse, to secure experts on alcoholism, and to conduct outpatient alcoholism treatment programs and facilities in an open system including some form of continuing care.
Active self-correction of spinal posture in pain-free women in response to the command “straighten your back”

ABSTRACT Evidence is limited regarding the regional changes in spinal posture after self-correction. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether active self-correction improved standing and sitting spinal posture. Photogrammetry was used to assess regional spinal curvatures and vertical global spine orientation (GSO) in 42 asymptotic women aged 20–24 years. Upper thoracic spine angle and GSO increased in response to self-correction, while the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral angles decreased. Self-correction in the standing position resulted in decreased inclination of the upper thoracic and thoracolumbar spinal angles. Correction of sitting posture reduced the angle of the upper thoracic spine and GSO. The effects of active self-correction on spinal curvature and GSO were different for the standing versus sitting position; the greatest effects of active correction were noted in the thoracic spine. Balanced and lordotic postures were most prevalent in the habitual and actively self-corrected standing positions, whereas the kyphotic posture was most prevalent in the habitual sitting position, indicative that self-correction back posture in the standing position could be an important health-related daily activity, especially during prolonged sitting.
"I Prefer Contact This Close": Perceptions of AAC by People with Motor Neurone Disease and their Communication Partners

In this paper are the findings of a 3-year research project into communication between 15 people with Motor Neurone Disease (MND) and their closest communication partners, as the disease progressed. Data were collected through video recordings, narratives, and field notes. The purpose of the communication and the use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) according to the perceptions of people with MND and their partners were examined. For the people in this study, it appeared that AAC was less successful than anticipated. The participants gave a number of reasons, which were interpreted by the researcher to include (a) the need for social closeness, which may not be possible when using a device; and (b) the complexity of learning how to use a high technology device combined with inadequate training. Both theoretical and practical issues are raised for professionals who work with and provide services to families with MND.
The Number of Positive Pelvic Lymph Nodes and Multiple Groups of Pelvic Lymph Node Metastasis Influence Prognosis in Stage IA–IIB Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background: Pelvic lymph node metastasis (LNM) is an important prognostic factor in cervical cancer. Cervical squamous cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 75–80% of all cervical cancers. Analyses of the effects of the number of positive lymph nodes (LNs), unilateral versus bilateral pelvic LNM and a single group versus multiple groups of pelvic LNM on survival and recurrence of cervical squamous cell carcinoma are still lacking. The study aimed to analyze the effects of the number of positive pelvic LNs and a single group versus multiple groups of pelvic LNM on survival and recurrence. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 296 patients diagnosed with Stage IA–IIB cervical squamous cell carcinoma who received extensive/sub-extensive hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy/pelvic LN sampling at Peking University People's Hospital from November 2004 to July 2013. Ten clinicopathological variables were evaluated as risk factors for pelvic LNM: Age at diagnosis, gravidity, clinical stage, histological grade, tumor diameter, lymph-vascular space involvement (LVSI), depth of cervical stromal invasion, uterine invasion, parametrial invasion, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Results: The incidence of pelvic LNM was 20.27% (60/296 cases). Pelvic LNM (P = 0.00) was significantly correlated with recurrence. Pelvic LNM (P = 0.00), the number of positive pelvic LNs (P = 0.04) and a single group versus multiple groups of pelvic LNM (P = 0.03) had a significant influence on survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that LVSI (P = 0.00), depth of cervical stromal invasion (P = 0.00) and parametrial invasion (P = 0.03) were independently associated with pelvic LNM. Conclusions: Patients with pelvic LNM had a higher recurrence rate and poor survival outcomes. Furthermore, more than 2 positive pelvic LNs and multiple groups of pelvic LNM appeared to identify patients with worse survival outcomes in node-positive IA-IIB cervical squamous cell carcinoma. LVSI, parametrial invasion, and depth of cervical stromal invasion were identified as independent clinicopathological risk factors for pelvic LNM.
Human Neuroscience Original Research Article Human Cortical Activity Evoked by the Assignment of Authenticity When Viewing Works of Art

The expertise of others is a major social influence on our everyday decisions and actions. Many viewers of art, whether expert or naïve, are convinced that the full esthetic appreciation of an artwork depends upon the assurance that the work is genuine rather than fake. Rembrandt portraits provide an interesting image set for testing this idea, as there is a large number of them and recent scholarship has determined that quite a few fakes and copies exist. Use of this image set allowed us to separate the brain's response to images of genuine and fake pictures from the brain's response to external advice about the authenticity of the paintings. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, viewing of artworks assigned as " copy, " rather than " authentic, " evoked stronger responses in frontopolar cortex (FPC), and right precuneus, regardless of whether the portrait was actually genuine. Advice about authenticity had no direct effect on the cortical visual areas responsive to the paintings, but there was a significant psycho-physiological interaction between the FPC and the lateral occipital area, which suggests that these visual areas may be modulated by FPC. We propose that the activation of brain networks rather than a single cortical area in this paradigm supports the art scholars' view that esthetic judgments are multi-faceted and multi-dimensional in nature.
Investigating correspondence between language proficiency standards and academic content standards: A generalizability theory study

Research on the relationship between English language proficiency standards and academic content standards serves to provide information about the extent to which English language learners (ELLs) are expected to encounter academic language use that facilitates their content learning, such as in mathematics and science. Standards-to-standards correspondence thus contributes to validity evidence regarding ELL achievements in a standard-based assessment system. The current study aims to examine the reliability of reviewer judgments about language performance indicators associated with academic disciplines in standards-to-standards correspondence studies in the US K–12 settings. Ratings of cognitive complexity germane to the language performance indicators were collected from 20 correspondence studies with over 500 reviewers, consisting of content experts and ESL specialists. Using generalizability theory, we evaluate reviewer reliability and standard errors of measurement in their ratings with respect to the number of reviewers. Results show that depending on the particular grades and subject areas, 3–6 reviewers are needed to achieve acceptable reliability and to control for reasonable measurement errors in their judgments.
Extensive gingival necrosis and sequestration of the alveolar bone caused by methimazole-induced neutropenia and three-year follow-up

Purpose Methimazole is an anti-thyroid drug that can cause life-threatening neutropenia in rare situations. The aim of this case report is to describe a set of oral complications associated with methimazole-induced neutropenia and the healing of the gingiva after proper treatment. Methods A 31-year-old female patient hospitalized for systemic symptoms of sore throat and fever and showing extensive gingival necrosis with pain was referred to the Department of Periodontics from the Department of Endocrinology. Methimazole-induced neutropenia was diagnosed based on blood test results and her medical history. Methimazole was discontinued and a range of treatments was administered, including the injection of granulocyte colony stimulating factor. Results After systemic treatment, the gingiva began to heal as the neutrophil count increased. Approximately one year later, the gingiva had returned to a normal appearance. Twenty-one months after treatment, sequestra of the alveolar bone that had broken through the gingiva were removed. Periodic supportive periodontal treatment has been continued uneventfully. Conclusions The oral manifestations of gingival necrosis and ulcerations, in combination with systemic symptoms such as fever and sore throat, are the critical signs presented in the early stages of drug-induced neutropenia. Therefore, dentists need to be aware of these oral complications in order to make an accurate diagnosis and to ensure that prompt medical intervention is provided. Graphical Abstract