Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Volunteer Tourism—Altruism or Mere Tourism?

ABSTRACT It has been said that altruism is the fundamental basis of social life. However, it has not been in the centre when consumption of tourism has been discussed. Aim of this study was to go deeper into the structures behind altruistic and egoistic motives behind volunteer tourism—a form of tourism to which altruistic motives are often connected. Motives of volunteer tourists fluctuate in the scales formed on one hand by altruism and egoism and on the other hand by individuality and sociality. Although it can be stated that tourism in general is more or less ego-centric activity it was noticed that the line between altruism and egoism is blurred. By interacting with the fellow tourists and the hosts vacation-minded tourists can become volunteer-minded tourists even though their motives in the beginning were egoistic. By reviewing the wide range of literature concerning the phenomenon in hand it was claimed that in volunteer tourism, altruism, ethical dilemmas, pursuit of individuality and sociality combine and it is difficult to estimate which one of these is the main motivator. It is similarly difficult to draw a line between altruistic and ego-centric motives. It can be assumed that these two are interconnected.
ThemeRiver: visualizing theme changes over time

ThemeRiver/sup TM/ is a prototype system that visualizes thematic variations over time within a large collection of documents. The "river" flows from left to right through time, changing width to depict changes in thematic strength of temporally associated documents. Colored "currents" flowing within the river narrow or widen to indicate decreases or increases in the strength of an individual topic or a group of topics in the associated documents. The river is shown within the context of a timeline and a corresponding textual presentation of external events.
The Effects of 37 Hours of Continuous Wakefulness On the Physiological Arousal, Cognitive Performance, Self-Reported Mood, and Simulator Flight Performance of F-117A Pilots

Pilot fatigue poses a serious threat to operational safety, but understanding the nature of the problem and the times at which pilots are most at risk will facilitate operationally relevant fatigue-management strategies. This investigation sought to address these issues in a controlled investigation of the impact of sustained wakefulness on Air Force aviators. Ten current and qualified F-117 pilots completed the Multi-At-tribute Task Battery (MATB), the Profile of Mood States (POMS), a resting eyes-open and eyes-closed EEG, and a standardized flight evaluation in an F-117 flight simulator at 5-hr intervals during the final 23 hours of a 37-hr period of continuous wakefulness. Results indicated significant decrements in mood, cognition, central nervous system activation, and flight skills began to occur in the predawn hours during a night without sleep. However, the most serious operationally relevant decrements appeared at approximately 0700 (after 25 hours without sleep) and persisted throughout the remainder of the deprivation period. The decrements suggested in the real world crew coordination likely will decline, information processing will become impaired, and a wide array of basic capabilities will be degraded as a result of compromised vigilance, poor situational awareness, and sluggish reaction time. Even the well-practiced flight skills of experienced pilots are clearly susceptible to the insidious effects of sleep loss. These quantified effects of untreated sleep deprivation will provide a baseline against which promising fatigue countermeasures can be assessed.
From the Cover : Cultural hitchhiking on the wave of advance of beneficial technologies

www.pnas. org/cgi/content/full/104/21/8714#otherarticles This article has been cited by other articles: E-mail Alerts . click here at the top right corner of the article or Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box Rights & Permissions www.pnas. org/misc/rightperm.shtml To reproduce this article in part (figures, tables) or in entirety, see: Reprints www.pnas. org/misc/reprints.shtml To order reprints, see:
Machiavellianism: An alexithymic perspective

Abstract The volitional model of Machiavellianism emphasizes that the Machiavellian person chooses to be manipulative. The model is critiqued. An alternative model is proposed, which asserts that the Machiavellian is a person who is unconnected to his or her own emotion, that is he or she is alexithymic. This deficit results in an inability to emotionally connect to others with the result that other people are treated as objects to be controlled to meet his or her self-focused goals. The model was tested on a general population sample of university students. Findings indicate that Machiavellianism was highly associated with alexithymia. In particular Machianvellianism was positively associated with externally orientated thinking and difficulty in identifying feelings. In addition Machiavellianism was positively associated with shame proneness but negatively associated with guilt proneness. The findings are discussed in relation to the role of emotion and the formation of interpersonal relationships, and t.
A syntactic analysis of secondary predication in Spanish

This article argues in favour of a syntactic analysis of secondary predication as first proposed in Williams (1980) and against the semantic approach to predication defended most recently in Napoli (1989). Most of the evidence to be adduced in the proposed analysis comes from Spanish. We posit that secondary predicates are base-generated inside VP in Spanish, confirming Culicover & Wilkins's (1984) and Roberts's (1988) analysis for English. Under this hypothesis, object-oriented (O-) predicates occur inside the c-domain of V as sisters to the verbal complement, whereas subject-oriented (S-) secondary predicates attach to VP as sisters to the subject. Based on this asymmetry and adopting Jaeggli's (1981) assumption that initial wh-traces must be lexically identified, we explain the fact that only O-predicates can undergo wh-movement in Spanish. This restriction on wh-movement follows from the syntactic configuration assigned to secondary predicates in which both predicates are governed by V, but only O-predicates are c-commanded by V.
Neural Correlates of Dual-Task Walking: Effects of Cognitive versus Motor Interference in Young Adults

Walking while concurrently performing cognitive and/or motor interference tasks is the norm rather than the exception during everyday life and there is evidence from behavioral studies that it negatively affects human locomotion. However, there is hardly any information available regarding the underlying neural correlates of single- and dual-task walking. We had 12 young adults (23.8 ± 2.8 years) walk while concurrently performing a cognitive interference (CI) or a motor interference (MI) task. Simultaneously, neural activation in frontal, central, and parietal brain areas was registered using a mobile EEG system. Results showed that the MI task but not the CI task affected walking performance in terms of significantly decreased gait velocity and stride length and significantly increased stride time and tempo-spatial variability. Average activity in alpha and beta frequencies was significantly modulated during both CI and MI walking conditions in frontal and central brain regions, indicating an increased cognitive load during dual-task walking. Our results suggest that impaired motor performance during dual-task walking is mirrored in neural activation patterns of the brain. This finding is in line with established cognitive theories arguing that dual-task situations overstrain cognitive capabilities resulting in motor performance decrements.
Institutionalizing Maternity: The Treatment of Mothers with Mental Illness in Contemporary Novels for Children

Children's literature has a generic narrative structure in which child protagonists develop their subjectivity and maturity. When this generic tradition meets new representational agendas for social justice and inclusivity in stories that respond to real-world issues like mental disability and mental illness, however, such child agency comes at a politically charged price. Sarah Weeks's So B. It (2005), Martine Leavitt's Heck Superhero (2004), and Gwyneth Rees's My Mum's from Planet Pluto (2004) all narrativize situations in which children are required to cope with the intellectual and rational absenteeism of mothers with either a mental disability or mental illness. In each case, disadvantage is heightened, given that these women are written into a world in which patriarchy still dominates conceptions, and (in many respects) treatments, of mental illness as part of the longer intellectual tradition stemming from psychoanalytic theory. Using an admixture of disability and gender politics, this article argues that mental disability and illness are maternalized within these novels for children, and that these novels reinforce, rather than redress, normative, medicalized, and patriarchal constructions of mental illness or disability as a flaw or a lack.
Personalized and Diverse Task Composition in Crowdsourcing

We study task composition in crowdsourcing and the effect of personalization and diversity on performance. A central process in crowdsourcing is task assignment, the mechanism through which workers find tasks. On popular platforms such as Amazon Mechanical Turk, task assignment is facilitated by the ability to sort tasks by dimensions such as creation date or reward amount. Task composition improves task assignment by producing for each worker, a personalized summary of tasks, referred to as a Composite Task (CT). We propose different ways of producing CTs and formulate an optimization problem that finds for a worker, the most relevant and diverse CTs. We show empirically that workers’ experience is greatly improved due to personalization that enforces an adequation of CTs with workers’ skills and preferences. We also study and formalize various ways of diversifying tasks in each CT. Task diversity is grounded in organization studies that have shown its impact on worker motivation [33] . Our experiments show that diverse CTs contribute to improving outcome quality. More specifically, we show that while task throughput and worker retention are best with ranked lists, crowdwork quality reaches its best with CTs diversified by requesters, thereby confirming that workers look to expose their “good” work to many requesters.
Work stress, social support, psychological burnout and emotional and physical well-being among teachers

Abstract Abstract This study examined a research model developed to understand psychological burnout and emotional and physical well-being. Data were collected from 833 school-based educators using questionnaires completed anonymously. Three groups of predictor variables identified in previous research were considered: individual demographic and situational variables, work stressors and social support. Some support for the model was found. Individual demographic characteristics and work stressors were strong predictors of psychological burnout. Individual demographic characteristics, work stressors and components of psychological burnout were strong predictors of work attitudes and emotional and physical health. Social support had little effect on these dependent variables.
A Trauma and Recovery Model for Victims and Their Families after a Catastrophic School Shooting: Focusing on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Psychological Effects and Needs

School shootings, and particularly catastrophic school shootings, are no longer a rarity in this country. This article presents a trauma and recovery model for victims of a catastrophic school shooting, based on the author's experiences with victims of a suburban school shooting. It is meant to provide a better understanding of the impact and responses often observed in victims--students, staff, teachers, and administrators--and their families after a catastrophic school shooting. The model identifies behavioral, cognitive, and psychological responses, as well as the psychological needs of the victims and their families.
Rosuvastatin‐Induced Carotid Plaque Regression in Patients With Inflammatory Joint Diseases: The Rosuvastatin in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Ankylosing Spondylitis and Other Inflammatory Joint Diseases Study

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and carotid artery plaques have an increased risk of acute coronary syndromes. Statin treatment with the goal of achieving a low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level of ≤1.8 mmoles/liter (≤70 mg/dl) is recommended for individuals in the general population who have carotid plaques. The aim of the ROsuvastatin in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Ankylosing Spondylitis and other inflammatory joint diseases (RORA‐AS) study was to evaluate the effect of 18 months of intensive lipid‐lowering treatment with rosuvastatin with regard to change in carotid plaque height.
Overpassivization in second language acquisition

Abstract An important problem for a language learner is identifying how properties of argument structure are realized morphosyntactically in the particular language they are learning. Speakers of some L1s overgeneralize the morphosyntactic reflexes of the movement of Theme objects in English to unaccusative intransitive verbs, using passive morphology in such cases. In contrast, it appears that the same L2 learners are less likely to do this with unergative verbs. The present paper addresses the question of whether L2 learners of English with typologically different L1s such as Japanese and Spanish will overgeneralize passive morphology to unaccusative verbs in the same way. The results show that both Japanese and Spanish learners of English differentiate unaccusatives from unergatives. However, the two groups differ in their treatment of unaccusatives with transitive alternants and intransitive alternants, suggesting influence of the morphological properties of the L1.
What is intransitive noninterference?

The term "intransitive noninterference" refers to the information flow properties required of systems like downgraders, in which it may be legitimate for information to flow indirectly, between two users but not directly. We examine the usual definition of this property in terms of a modified purge function, and show that this is a distinctly weaker property than an alternative we derive from considerations of determinism.
The frequency-domain TLM method with absorbing boundary conditions

The frequency-domain TLM (FDTLM) method has been extended to include absorbing boundary conditions. Two types of boundary conditions have been investigated: the well known anisotropic perfectly matched layer (PML) and the zero-reflection termination (ZRT). While the PML requires reformulation of the TLM method, the implementation of the ZRT approach is straightforward and leads to the same results without deteriorating the computational efficiency of the FDTLM method. Utilizing the ZRT technique reduces not only the computational domain significantly but also extends the application range of the FDTLM method to radiating structures.
Validating neuropsychological subtypes of ADHD: how do children with and without an executive function deficit differ?

OBJECTIVE The study investigates behavioural, academic, cognitive, and motivational aspects of functioning in school-age children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with and without an executive function deficit (EFD). METHOD Children with ADHD--EFD (n = 22) and children with ADHD + EFD (n = 26) were compared on aspects of ADHD behaviour, school functioning, general cognitive ability, intra-individual response variability, affective decision-making, and delay aversion. RESULTS Children with ADHD--EFD and children with ADHD + EFD were comparable in terms of ADHD symptomatology and school functioning. However, children with ADHD + EFD had significantly lower IQ and more intra-individual response variability than no EFD counterparts. Children with ADHD alone appeared more delay averse on the C-DT task than children with ADHD + EFD. CONCLUSIONS Some children with ADHD were primarily characterised by problems with executive functions and variability others by problems with delay aversion supporting multiple pathway models of ADHD. Given the exploratory nature of the study, results are in need of replication.
The Relationship of Father Parenting Capacity Variables to Perceived Uncertainty in Youth With a Chronic Illness

This study examined the relationship between father parenting capacity variables and youth illness uncertainty. Thirty-seven youth (ages 8–18) with a chronic illness and their fathers participated. Fathers completed the Parenting Stress Index–Short Form, the Child Vulnerability Scale, and the Parent Protection Scale, and the youth completed the Children's Uncertainty in Illness Scale. Regression analyses indicated that father-reported parenting stress and child vulnerability was associated with youth-reported illness uncertainty. Paternal overprotection was not related to uncertainty. Results address a gap in the pediatric chronic illness literature, and suggest that the influences of fathers' parenting characteristics are important to understanding youth adjustment to chronic illness.
Acclaiming, attacking, and defending in presidential nominating acceptance addresses, 1960–1996

Political campaign discourse is instrumental, designed to persuade voters to perceive the candidate as preferable to the opponent. To appear preferable, candidates may acclaim (engage in self‐praise) to make themselves appear better, they may attack the opposition to make opponents seem worse, or they may defend against attacks from the opposition to restore lost desirability. We analyze these three basic functions in presidential nomination acceptance addresses from 1960–1996. Nominees primarily produce acclaiming (72%) and attacking (27%). Defenses were relatively rare (1% of the discourse). Democrats acclaim more than Republicans, while Republicans attack more than Democrats. Challengers attack more than incumbents, while incumbents acclaim more than challengers. Recent nominees (1980–1996) are more likely than earlier speakers (1960–1976) to direct utterances toward the candidates instead of the parties, signaling the decline in the importance of political parties and the rise of candidate‐centered po.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF P.MULTOCIDA ISOLATES FROM SMALL RUMINANTS AND AVIAN ORIGIN

Pasteurella multocida is a heterogeneous species that produces septicemic or respiratory diseases in domesticated and wild animals. In the present study a total of 548 samples were screened and twenty nine Pasteurella multocida isolates from sheep, goat, turkey, duck, emu and egret were obtained and characterized. Twenty nine isolates were confirmed as P.multocida by Pasteurella multocida Polymerase Chain Reaction (PM-PCR). Capsular PCR typing revealed the presence of serotypes 'A','B','D',& 'F' among the isolates. Out of 13 antibiotics used, 100% sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin, 93% sensitivity to Enrofloxacin, 90% sensitivity to Gentamicin was recorded.
SmoothMoves: Smooth Pursuits Head Movements for Augmented Reality

SmoothMoves is an interaction technique for augmented reality (AR) based on smooth pursuits head movements. It works by computing correlations between the movements of on-screen targets and the user's head while tracking those targets. The paper presents three studies. The first suggests that head based input can act as an easier and more affordable surrogate for eye-based input in many smooth pursuits interface designs. A follow-up study grounds the technique in the domain of augmented reality, and captures the error rates and acquisition times on different types of AR devices: head-mounted (2.6%, 1965ms) and hand-held (4.9%, 2089ms). Finally, the paper presents an interactive lighting system prototype that demonstrates the benefits of using smooth pursuits head movements in interaction with AR interfaces. A final qualitative study reports on positive feedback regarding the technique's suitability for this scenario. Together, these results indicate show SmoothMoves is viable, efficient and immediately available for a wide range of wearable devices that feature embedded motion sensing.
Production and Wind Dispersal of Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense L.) Achenes

Quantity, quality and dispersal distance of wind-blown achenes and pappi were determined during the peak time of dispersal over twelve site-years in Minnesota during 2006 and 2007. Approximately twice as many pappi than achenes were trapped. Wind blown pappi tend to travel near the ground. Most achenes fell near the parent plants and their population density declined exponentially with increasing distance. Over 80% of pappi collected did not have an achene attached. Concomitantly, seed production in Canada thistle was monitored for 8 site-years in Minnesota. Averaged across years and locations, female Canada thistle shoots that flowered produced an average of 38% empty, 17% shrunken, and 44% normal achenes. Male shoots produce about half the number of seedheads compared to female shoots. A low level of hermaphroditic expression was observed in male shoots. Though seed production by female Canada thistle is extremely variable, when sufficient pollen is available, Canada thistle clearly has the potential to generate significant contributions to seedbanks to maintain invasive stands. However, dispersal by wind is for the most part, local. Long distance dispersal of significant numbers of healthy achenes would be a rare event.
School Failure as an Adolescent Turning Point

Abstract Recently, researchers have devoted significant attention to the influence of turning points such as marriage, employment, and military service on criminal desistance in adulthood. Because offending peaks in adolescence, the relative lack of research on influential adolescent turning points is notable. Given the extensive research linking school failure to deleterious adult development, we propose that school failure (late grade retention and school dropout) is a marked transition in adolescence, with the potential to operate as a turning point in the life course. Using longitudinal data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79), we first examine structural, relational, and individual predictors of school failure in adolescence. Second, we assess whether school failure amplifies delinquency in late adolescence. We find evidence supporting our contention that school failure operates as an adolescent turning point, and we confirm that school failure is significantly predicted by structural, relational, and individual factors. Although school failure may be thought of as the end result of a long-term process of academic disengagement, our research suggests that it is also a pivotal, negative turning point in the life course.