Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aqueous Extract of Red Deer Antler Promotes Hair Growth by Regulating the Hair Cycle and Cell Proliferation in Hair Follicles

Deer antlers are the only mammalian appendage capable of regeneration. We aimed to investigate the effect of red deer antler extract in regulating hair growth, using a mouse model. The backs of male mice were shaved at eight weeks of age. Crude aqueous extracts of deer antler were prepared at either 4°C or 100°C and injected subcutaneously to two separate groups of mice (n = 9) at 1 mL/day for 10 consecutive days, with water as a vehicle control group. The mice skin quantitative hair growth parameters were measured and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine was used to identify label-retaining cells. We found that, in both the 4°C and the 100°C deer antler aqueous extract-injection groups, the anagen phase was extended, while the number of BrdU-incorporated cells was dramatically increased. These results indicate that deer antler aqueous extract promotes hair growth by extending the anagen phase and regulating cell proliferation in the hair follicle region.
Trait and State Positive Emotional Experience in Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis

Background Prior meta-analyses indicated that people with schizophrenia show impairment in trait hedonic capacity but retain their state hedonic experience (valence) in laboratory-based assessments. Little is known about what is the extent of differences for state positive emotional experience (especially arousal) between people with schizophrenia and healthy controls. It is also not clear whether negative symptoms and gender effect contribute to the variance of positive affect. Methods and Findings The current meta-analysis examined 21 studies assessing state arousal experience, 40 studies measuring state valence experience, and 47studies assessing trait hedonic capacity in schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenia demonstrated significant impairment in trait hedonic capacity (Cohen’s d = 0.81). However, patients and controls did not statistically differ in state hedonic (valence) as well as exciting (arousal) experience to positive stimuli (Cohen’s d = −0.24 to 0.06). They also reported experiencing relatively robust state aversion and calmness to positive stimuli compared with controls (Cohen’s d = 0.75, 0.56, respectively). Negative symptoms and gender contributed to the variance of findings in positive affect, especially trait hedonic capacity in schizophrenia. Conclusions Our findings suggest that schizophrenia patients have no deficit in state positive emotional experience but impairment in “noncurrent” hedonic capacity, which may be mediated by negative symptoms and gender effect.
Using the EITC to Help Poor Families: New Evidence and a Comparision with the Minimum Wage

This paper evaluates the effects of the earned income tax credit (EITC) on poor families. Exploiting state-level variation in EITCs, we find that the EITC helps families rise above poverty-level earnings. This occurs by inducing labor market entry in families that initially do not have an adult in the workforce. Evidence based on the federal EITC is less supportive of a positive impact of the EITC on poor families. Finally, our results suggest that for the range of policy changes typical of recent history in the U.S., the EITC is more beneficial for poor families than is the minimum wage.
Intertemporal Labor Force Participation of Married Women in Germany: A Panel Data Analysis

This paper analyzes the intertemporal labor force participation behavior of married women using an annual longitudinal sample from the German Socio-Economic Panel. A predominant characteristic of annual participation behavior is the high degree of persistence in individual participation decisions. We use several model specifications to distinguish among the alternative explanations of this serial persistence: state dependence, individual unobserved heterogeneity, and serial correlation in the transitory error component. Similar to Hyslop (1999), we employ both dynamic �fixed effects� linear probability models as well as several static and dynamic probit models with �random effects� and serially correlated errors. In addition, we apply the estimators proposed by Honor� and Kyriazidou (2000) for dynamic �fixed effects� discrete choice models. We find strong state dependence, and substantial effects for fertility variables. Transitory and permanent non-labor income have in general small effects.
Channel State Dependent Packet Scheduling toimprove TCP throughput over wireless

In recent years, a variety of mobile computers equipped with wireless communication devices have become popular. These computers use applications and protocols , originally developed for wired desktop hosts, to communicate over wireless channels. Unlike wired networks, packets transmitted on wireless channels are often subject to burst errors which cause back to back packet losses. In this paper we study the eeect of burst packet errors and error recovery mechanisms employed in wireless MAC protocols on the performance of transport protocols such as TCP. Most wireless LAN link layer protocols recover from packet losses by retransmitting lost segments. When the wireless channel is in a burst error state, most retransmission attempts fail, thereby causing poor utilization of the wireless channel. Furthermore, in the event of multiple sessions sharing a wireless link, FIFO packet scheduling can cause the HOL blocking eeect, resulting in unfair sharing of the bandwidth. This observation leads to a new class of packet dispatching methods which explicitly take wireless channel characteristics into consideration in making packet dispatching decisions. We compare a variety of channel state dependent packet (CSDP) scheduling methods with a view towards enhancing the performance of transport layer sessions. Our results indicate that by employing a CSDP scheduler at the wireless LAN device driver level, signii-cant improvement in channel utilization can be achieved in typical wireless LAN conngurations.
Localization of Simultaneous Multiple Sources using SMS-LORETA

In this paper we present a new localization method SMS-LORETA (Simultaneous Multiple Sources- Low Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography), capable to locate efficiently multiple simultaneous sources. The new method overcomes some of the drawbacks of sLORETA (standardized Low Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography). The key idea of the new method is the iterative search for current dipoles, harnessing the low error single source localization performance of sLORETA. An evaluation of the new method by simulation has been enclosed.
ShareMe: running a distributed systems lab for 600 students with three faculty members

The goal of the distributed systems (DS) laboratory is to provide an attractive environment in which students learn about network programming and apply some fundamental concepts of distributed systems. In the last two years, students had to implement a fully functional peer-to-peer file sharing system called ShareMe. This paper presents the approach the authors used to provide the best possible support and guidance for the students while keeping up with ever-rising participant numbers in the laboratory course (approximately 600 last year), as well as managing budget and personnel constraints. The learning environment is based on Web and Internet technologies and not only offers the description of the laboratory tasks but also covers electronic submission, a discussion forum, automatic grading, and online access to grading and test results. The authors report their experiences of using the automated grading system, the amount of work required to prepare and run the laboratory, and how they deal with students who submit plagiarized solutions. Furthermore, the results of student feedback and evaluation forms are presented, and the overall student course satisfaction is discussed. Detailed information about the DS laboratory is available at http://www.dslab. tuwien.ac. at.
BIOGEOGRAPHY OF SOME EOCENE LARGER FORAMINIFERA, AND THEIR APPLICATION IN DISTINGUISHING GEOLOGICAL PLATES

Indo-Pacific Eocene carbonate sediments can be divided into two groups based on the presence of certain larger foraminifera. One of these faunal groups is associated with the Sundaland craton, the geological core of western Indonesia and is also found on low latitude Pacific islands as well as low latitude western Tethyan regions. The second fauna is found on the Australian Plate, and the micro-plate terrains have been derived from it since the Eocene. This correlation leads to the hypothesis that the Middle and Late Eocene Sundaland fauna, identified by the three, probably related genera: Assilina, Pellatispira, and Biplanispira [hereafter abbreviated to "APB"] indicate a low latitude, shallow marine fauna, able to cross oceanic migration barriers but restricted from migrating far outside the tropics. In contrast, the fauna identified by the genus Lacazinella, which has about the same stratigraphic range as the APB lineage, is thought to be a higher latitude fauna centered on the Australian continent. This faunal difference occurred at a time of maximum separation of the Sunda and Australian plates. Therefore, subsequent Tertiary collision of these plates can be identified by the present complex distribution of previously separate faunas, and a tectonic suture can be plotted for the collision area in Eastern Indonesia/Papua, which generally agrees with other geological data. To partially test this hypothesis some Eocene limestone samples from Christmas Island were collected and studied. This oceanic guyot is now slightly closer to Indonesia than Australia, but in Eocene times it would have been much further south. In this location neither APB or Lacazinella were found. Instead the fauna is dominated by small Discocyclina and Grzybowskia, the first record of the latter genus in the IndoPacific area. The few known species of Grzybowskia are recorded from the Boreal region of Europe, in strata usually assigned to the Late Eocene. This new record suggests Grzybowskia is, somewhat like Lacazinella, a higher latitude form but with representatives on both sides of the Eocene equator. A new species, Grzybowskia jasoni sp. nov. is described.
Cutaneous and Respiratory Water Loss in Larks from Arid and Mesic Environments

Birds from deserts generally have lower total evaporative water loss (TEWL), the sum of cutaneous (CWL) and respiratory water loss (RWL), than species from mesic areas. We investigated the role of CWL and RWL as a function of air temperature (Ta) in hoopoe larks (Alaemon alaudipes) and Dunn's larks (Eremalauda dunni) from the Arabian Desert and skylarks (Alauda arvensis) and woodlarks (Lullula arborea) from temperate mesic grasslands. The proportional contribution of CWL to TEWL in all larks at moderate Ta ranged from 50% to 70%. At high Ta (40°–45°C), larks enhanced CWL by only 45%–78% and relied on an increase in RWL by 676%–2,733% for evaporative cooling. Surface‐specific CWL at 25°C was 29% lower in the arid‐zone species than in the mesic larks. When acclimated to constant Ta, 15°C‐acclimated hoopoe larks increased CWL by 22% compared with 35°C‐acclimated birds, but the other species did not change CWL. This study is consistent with the hypothesis that larks from deserts have a reduced CWL at moderate and low Ta but provided no support for the hypothesis that at high Ta larks from arid regions rely more on CWL than larks from mesic environments. Interspecific differences in CWL cannot be attributed to acclimation to environmental temperature and are possibly the result of genetic differences due to natural selection or of phenotypically plastic responses to divergent environments during ontogeny.
Elevated SGK1 predicts resistance of breast cancer cells to Akt inhibitors

The majority of human cancers harbour mutations promoting activation of the Akt protein kinase, and Akt inhibitors are being evaluated in clinical trials. An important question concerns the understanding of the innate mechanisms that confer resistance of tumour cells to Akt inhibitors. SGK (serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase) is closely related to Akt and controlled by identical upstream regulators {PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), PDK1 (phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1) and mTORC2 [mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) complex 2]}. Mutations that trigger activation of Akt would also stimulate SGK. Moreover, Akt and SGK possess analogous substrate specificities and are likely to phosphorylate overlapping substrates to promote proliferation. To investigate whether cancers possessing high SGK activity could possess innate resistance to Akt-specific inhibitors (that do not target SGK), we analysed SGK levels and sensitivity of a panel of breast cancer cells towards two distinct Akt inhibitors currently in clinical trials (AZD5363 and MK-2206). This revealed a number of Akt-inhibitor-resistant lines displaying markedly elevated SGK1 that also exhibited significant phosphorylation of the SGK1 substrate NDRG1 [N-Myc (neuroblastoma-derived Myc) downstream-regulated gene 1]. In contrast, most Akt-inhibitor-sensitive cell lines displayed low/undetectable levels of SGK1. Intriguingly, despite low SGK1 levels, several Akt-inhibitor-sensitive cells showed marked NDRG1 phosphorylation that was, unlike in the resistant cells, suppressed by Akt inhibitors. SGK1 knockdown markedly reduced proliferation of Akt-inhibitor-resistant, but not -sensitive, cells. Furthermore, treatment of Akt-inhibitor-resistant cells with an mTOR inhibitor suppressed proliferation and led to inhibition of SGK1. The results of the present study suggest that monitoring SGK1 levels as well as responses of NDRG1 phosphorylation to Akt inhibitor administration could have a use in predicting the sensitivity of tumours to compounds that target Akt. Our findings highlight the therapeutic potential that SGK inhibitors or dual Akt/SGK inhibitors might have for treatment of cancers displaying elevated SGK activity.
High‐resolution models of subduction zones: Implications for mineral dehydration reactions and the transport of water into the deep mantle

Arc volcanism is intimately linked to mineral dehydration reactions in the subducting oceanic mantle, crust, and sediments. The location of slab dehydration reactions depends strongly on the temperature and pressure conditions at the top of the subducting plate and hence on the detailed thermal structure of subduction zones. A particularly important physical property of subduction zone thermal models is the viscosity of the mantle wedge. The introduction of an olivine rheology, with appropriate stress and temperature dependence, focuses flow into the tip of the mantle wedge. This leads to a temperature increase of a few hundred degrees in the wedge and the top of the slab as compared to the isoviscous case. Sensitivity tests show that this conclusion is robust under a variety of subduction zone parameters. The new high‐resolution finite element models are used to reevaluate the thermal structure of the Honshu and Cascadia subduction zones using the more realistic olivine rheology. For Honshu, the model predicts slab–mantle interface temperatures of ∼800°C beneath the volcanic front. Deeper parts of the subducting oceanic crust and upper mantle remain relative cool (e.g., the subducted Moho beneath the volcanic front is ∼400°C) because of the rapid subduction of old Pacific lithosphere. High interface temperatures are consistent with Th and Be data, indicating sediment melting, whereas cooler crustal temperatures are consistent with boron evidence, indicating lower temperature dehydration. The strong temperature gradient at the top of the subducting plate may thus reconcile conflicting estimates of slab temperature in subduction zones that are characterized by rapid subduction of mature oceanic lithosphere. Low temperatures persist to great depth in the shallow upper mantle of the subducting plate, which allows for water transport in the form of hydrous minerals to the deep mantle. The thermal structure of the Cascadia subduction zone is markedly different because of the age of the incoming lithosphere and low subduction speed. In this case, shallow dehydration and melting of the subducting crust and lithosphere is predicted.
The importance of residual renal function in chronic dialysed patients

In the last decade, many researches have reached to the conclusion that preservation of residual renal function (RRF) is important after initiating dialysis, as well as in the predialysis period. RRF has been proven to contribue to the quality of life of dialysis patients. Longer preservation of RRF provides a better small and middle molecule removal, improved volemic status and arterial pressure control, diminished risk of vascular and valvular calcification due to better phosphate removal. Deterioration of RRF results in worsening of anemia, inflammation and malnutrition. It is now proven a direct relationship between RRF value and survival in dialysis patient. Several therapeutical intervention have been proven to ameliorate the decline of RRF in dialysis patients. Some of them are identical with those before initiating dialysis: ACE–inhibitors and/or angiotensin–receptor blockers, limiting the use of nephrotoxic drugs, avoiding contrast media procedures, adequate control of blood pressure. Others are specific for dialysis period: adequate dialysis dose, avoiding excessive ultrafiltration, preventing arterial hypotension during dialysis sessions, using biocompatible dialysis membranes, ultrapure water for dialysis, dietary interventions.
Reference-Day Risk: Observations and Extensions

Our paper confirms and extends the central result of Acker and Duck (2007) on reference-day risk. Using data from Datastream, they show substantial variations in the estimated monthly returns, variances, and betas across series beginning on different (reference) days of the same month. We show that the results are similar when we use data from the Center for Research in Security Prices daily files. We also show that reference-day risk extends to estimations based on daily returns. Finally, we find variations across series of daily returns computed using prices at different times of the day (reference-time risk). These findings carry potential implications for prior papers that rely on monthly or daily returns for analysis.
Minority Games: Interacting agents in financial markets

The Minority Game is a physicist's attempt to explain market behaviour by the interaction between traders. With a minimal set of ingredients and drastic assumptions, this model reproduces market ecology among different types of traders. Its emphasis is on speculative trading and information flow. The book first describes the philosophy lying behind the conception of the Minority Game in 1997, and includes in particular a discussion about the El Farol bar problem. It then reviews the main steps in later developments, including both the theory and its applications to market phenomena. 'Minority Games' gives a colourful and stylized, but also realistic picture of how financial markets operate.
The effect of public infrastructure on private activity: Evidence from the spanish regions

This paper considers the measurement of infrastructure capital in the Spanish economy and investigates the technical relation among the inputs, which offers information about the way infrastructure enters in the production process. Using a translog production function we present panel estimates for the 17 Spanish regions for the period 1980-1995. The results indicate that productive infrastructure encourages private investment and can therefore be considered to be essential for economic growth.
Reception of refugees in Sweden

In the Swedish migration system the municipalities play a crucial role since they have full autonomy to accept or decline refugees. This has created a considerable variation in numbers of immigrants among municipalities’ and there is a large variation in local societies’ willingness to receive refugees. In this study we focus on all the Swedish municipalities for a time span of several years and derive from economic, demographic, socio-cultural and explanatory factors that have been put forward in earlier research. Through quantitative analysis we can show how income, the unemployment rate, population and support for the right-wing party negatively vary with the willingness to receive refugees. Moreover, the distribution of income results in the opposite significant direction. These results, partly contradicting theory, show the importance of a nuanced and holistic theoretical base in further research.
Unconscious pop-out: Attentional capture by unseen feature singletons only when top-down attention is available

Visual “pop-out” occurs when a unique visual target (e.g. a feature singleton) is present among a set of homogeneous distractors. However, the role of visual awareness in this process remains unclear. Here we show that, even though subjects were not aware of a suppressed pop-out display, their subsequent performance on an orientation discrimination task was significantly better at the pop-out location than at a control location. These results indicate that visual awareness of a feature singleton is not necessary for it to attract attention. Furthermore, our results show that the subliminal pop-out effect disappeared when subjects diverted their attention toward an RSVP task while viewing the same subliminal pop-out display, suggesting that the availability of top-down attention is necessary for the subliminal pop-out effect, and that the cognitive processes underlying attention and awareness are somewhat independent. Visual “pop-out” refers to the phenomenon in which a unique visual target (e.g. a feature singleton) can be rapidly detected among a set of homogeneous distractors Here we inquire about the roles of visual awareness and attention in this process. Specifically, what actually makes a feature singleton pop out? Is awareness of the feature singleton necessary for the stimulus to attract attention? Or can a feature singleton be processed and summon attention without the subject ever being aware of the stimulus? We investigated (1) whether visual awareness of a feature singleton is necessary for that stimulus to capture attention and (2) whether top-down attention is necessary to elicit such a subliminal response. Using the continuous flash suppression paradigm we presented a pop-out display (a feature singleton among several distractors) subliminally and demonstrated that, even though subjects were not aware of the display, their subsequent performance on an orientation discrimination task was significantly better at the pop-out location than at