Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real-World Experience with Echinocandin MICs against Candida Species in a Multicenter Study of Hospitals That Routinely Perform Susceptibility Testing of Bloodstream Isolates

ABSTRACT Reference broth microdilution methods of Candida echinocandin susceptibility testing are limited by interlaboratory variability in caspofungin MICs. Recently revised Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoint MICs for echinocandin nonsusceptibility may not be valid for commercial tests employed in hospital laboratories. Indeed, there are limited echinocandin susceptibility testing data from hospital laboratories. We conducted a multicenter retrospective study of 9 U.S., Australian, and New Zealand hospitals that routinely tested Candida bloodstream isolates for echinocandin susceptibility from 2005 to 2013. Eight hospitals used Sensititre YeastOne assays. The Candida spp. were C. albicans (n = 1,067), C. glabrata (n = 911), C. parapsilosis (n = 476), C. tropicalis (n = 185), C. krusei (n = 104), and others (n = 154). Resistance and intermediate rates were ≤1.4% and ≤3%, respectively, for each echinocandin against C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis. Resistance rates among C. glabrata and C. krusei isolates were ≤7.5% and ≤5.6%, respectively. Caspofungin intermediate rates among C. glabrata and C. krusei isolates were 17.8% and 46.5%, respectively, compared to ≤4.3% and ≤4.4% for other echinocandins. Using CLSI breakpoints, 18% and 19% of C. glabrata isolates were anidulafungin susceptible/caspofungin nonsusceptible and micafungin susceptible/caspofungin nonsusceptible, respectively; similar discrepancies were observed for 38% and 39% of C. krusei isolates. If only YeastOne data were considered, interhospital modal MIC variability was low (within 2 doubling dilutions for each agent). In conclusion, YeastOne assays employed in hospitals may reduce the interlaboratory variability in caspofungin MICs against Candida species that are observed between reference laboratories using CLSI broth microdilution methods. The significance of classifying isolates as caspofungin intermediate and anidulafungin/micafungin susceptible will require clarification in future studies.
The IFPS's sense of identity and Erich Fromm's legacy

Abstract Erich Fromm was one of the founders of the International Federation of Psychoanalytic Societies (IFPS). His motives and interests in establishing the federation will be presented in the context of Fromm's very specific personal situation as well as the situation of psychoanalysis in Mexico 50 years ago. Fromm personally practiced psychoanalysis in a way that still can be seen as a legacy and guideline for the identity of the IFPS 50 years later. Here, I try to describe the sense of identity of the IFPS at the time of its foundation 50 years ago. To do this, I will first portray the interests that motivated Erich Fromm to found the IFPS. I will then address the question of what meaning this former sense of identity might have for the IFPS today.
An empirical validation of a loyalty model based on expectation disconfirmation

Investigates the concept of maker loyalty as it applies to the automobile market in Korea. The study has three major objectives: first, it examines the effects of expectation disconfirmation on loyalty behavior and on overall satisfaction; second, it seeks to identify the four types of maker loyalty by means of interaction between expectation disconfirmation and the repeat purchase (or switching); and third, it seeks to identify the effects of moderating variables such as situational variables and normative variables on loyalty behavior. It was found that negatively disconfirmed expectation exerts greater impact on overall satisfaction as well as repurchase decision than positively disconfirmed expectation. The four maker loyalty groups (loyals, latent loyals, spurious loyals, no loyals) identified in this study were shown to have different reactions to the moderating variables. Managerial implications regarding customer segmentation based on loyalty are offered.
Interactional, Formal, and Distributive Justice in the Workplace: An Exploratory Study

Abstract Researchers have suggested that procedural justice is a more important determinant of most organizational outcomes than distributive justice. Following recent theoretical developments on justice perceptions, we investigated the different effect on outcomes of two components of procedural justice, namely, interactional justice and formal procedures, as well as distributive justice. In a vignette manipulation, 213 full-time Canadian students perceived that interactional justice influenced trust in management, affective commitment, and withdrawal behaviors. Formal procedures influenced only trust in management, and distributive justice did not influence any of the three outcomes.
Professional Uncertainty/Certainty: How (un)certain are teachers, what are they (un)certain about, and how is (un)certainty related to age, experience, gender, qualifications and school type?

SUMMARY Uncertainty is a natural aspect of teaching. This paper addresses the questions of didactic, practical, and relational uncertainty/certainty by studying responses from 1153 Norwegian elementary and junior high school teachers. Results indicate that teachers generally report more uncertainty about didactical questions than practical or relational. Studying these responses in relation to background variables such as gender, age, experience and qualification presents some interesting results, as does the more contextual variable 'school type'. Statistically significant differences are found for all variables except gender, and a curvilinear relationship is found for all three certainties in relation to age and experience.
An Anti-Tracking Source-Location Privacy Protection Protocol in WSNs Based on Path Extension

In the application field using sensor networks to monitor valuable asset, source-location anonymity is a serious concern. As a series of event packets are reported to the base station, adversaries eavesdropping on the network can backtrack to the source through traffic analysis and the RF localization techniques. This leakage of contextual information will expose sensitive or precious objects and bring down the effectiveness of sensor networks. Existing techniques such as phantom routing or source simulation are proposed to discourage the adversaries, both of which trade energy for security. In this paper, we propose a new scheme, called path extension method (PEM), providing strong protection for source-location privacy. It performs quite well even though an object occurs near the base station, while other methods cannot protect the source well in this case. In PEM, fake sources are generated dynamically after the source sends event messages to the base station, which makes it much more flexible. Fake sources form several fake paths in the network and an adversary will be induced farther away from the source if it is entrapped by any of them. The theoretical and simulation results show that PEM is efficient in protecting source-location privacy with minimal message delivery delay and acceptable overhead.
When Something is to be Done: Proof of Environmental Harm and the Philosophical Tradition

This paper is centred around a debate taking place among environmental scientists. One camp argues that proof of a causal connection between a chemical and a biological anomaly must be demonstrated in the laboratory. The other contends that actual damage is underestimated in the lab, and that it is therefore necessary to conduct supplemental ecoepidemiological research in order to determine the full impact of toxic chemicals. Members of the former contingent – claiming to be defending scientific rigour – sometimes accuse their peers of practising an inferior science. This paper argues that this contention is supported by a philosophical tradition tending to favour abstract and formal analysis over the close examination of material detail. To the extent that this preference has been adopted by the media, industry, policy analysts, and regulatory bodies, more is at stake than an intellectual squabble. The paper provides a brief overview of the history of the formalist tendency in philosophy, followed by an illustration of the ways in which advocates of a strict laboratory methodology implicitly rely on this foundation. The work and ideas of contemporary ecoepidemiologists are then compared to this imposing edifice of traditional science.
Expression of Claudins 1, 4, 5, and 7 in Ovarian Tumors of Diverse Types

Summary: In this study, 60 different types of ovarian lesions, mainly consisting of ovarian neoplasms, were studied for the expression of claudins 1, 4, 5, and 7. Strong expression of claudins 1, 4, and 7 was seen in benign and malignant epithelial ovarian tumors. Expression of claudin 5, reported to be mainly present in endothelial cells, was seen in ovarian epithelial tumors, but with a significantly lower frequency than claudins 1, 4, and 7. On the contrary, sex-cord stromal tumors and cysts, such as fibromas/thecomas, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, granulosa cell tumors, and follicular and luteinized cysts were mainly negative for claudins 1, 4, 5, and 7. Interestingly, adenomatoid tumors did not express claudin 5, which is in agreement with their non-endothelial nature. They were also negative for claudin 4, but expressed claudins 1 and 7, but to a lesser degree than epithelial lesions. In immature teratomas, the epithelial component was usually positive whereas other components were negative for these claudins. Dysgerminomas did not express any of the claudins studied. The results show that claudins 1, 4, and 7 are mainly expressed in ovarian epithelial tumors and can thus be used to indicate epithelial differentiation in them. Eventhough considered an endothelial marker, claudin 5 was also present in a subset of epithelial lesions. However, this claudin can be used to differentiate adenomatoid tumors from vascular lesions. No significant difference was seen between epithelial benign and malignant lesions, except for claudin 5, which seemed stronger in malignant epithelial tumors.
Learning Factors in the University Classroom: Faculty and Student Perspectives

We examined faculty and student perspectives on variables relating to the instructor, student, and physical environment that affect student learning. Tenured faculty members and university students enrolled in upper level courses completed a questionnaire evaluating their perceptions of variables important to student learning. Overall, faculty and students had similar perspectives regarding factors important to student learning, emphasizing foremost the importance of the instructor. Students were more likely to rate characteristics of themselves as important to learning, although faculty placed more emphasis on student characteristics of motivation, attention level, and attitude toward learning. Faculty and students also differed with regard to the optimal learning conditions for several specific variables.
Why Teamwork Fails: Obstacles to Workplace Change in Four Manufacturing Plants

Using data from a comparative, multisite ethnography, this paper identifies some of the social and organizational conditions that limited the impact of workplace transformation at four manufacturing plants during the 1990s. Although these plants adopted an array of new work practices, most achieved only limited gains and were generally unable to transcend the traditional boundary between salaried and hourly employees. A key reason lay in the managerial orientation toward production that was brought to bear on the process of workplace change. This orientation, which placed substantial emphasis on scientific and technical rationality, limited the firm's ability to provide an overarching normative or moral framework within which workplace change might unfold, leaving team systems vulnerable to anomic tendencies, to status distinctions among hourly employees, and to other sources of instability. The predominance of a technical, expert-centered orientation toward production also introduced salient contradictions into the new work regimes, pitting a logic of standardization against managerial efforts to cultivate a logic of participation. These findings suggest that successful implementation of workplace change may depend on the ability of corporate executives to demonstrate the very capacity for flexibility that they often demand of their hourly employees.
Feeding the Pelican: Using Archival Hard Drives for Cold Storage Racks

Microsoft's Pelican storage rack uses a new class of hard disk drive (HDD), known by vendors as archival class HDD. These HDDs are explicitly designed to store cooler and archival data, differing from existing HDDs by trading performance for cost. Our early Pelican experiences have helped some vendors define the particular characteristics of this class of drive. During the last twelve or so months we have gained considerable data on how these drives perform in Pelicans and in this paper we present data gathered from a test and a production environment. A key design choice for Pelican was to have only a small fraction of the HDDs concurrently spun up making Pelican a harsh environment to operate a HDD. We present data showing how the drives have been used, their power profile, their AFR, and conclude by discussing some issues for the future of these archive HDDs. As flash capacities increase eventually all HDDs will be archive class, so understanding their characteristics is of wide interest.
Cerebrovascular injury as a risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Objective To use an unbiased method to test a previously reported association between cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) embolisation and the subsequent development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods A hospital record linkage database was used to create cohorts of individuals coded as having cerebral and peripheral vessel AVMs, stroke (separately for haemorrhagic and ischaemic), transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). The rate ratio for subsequent ALS was compared to a reference cohort. Results An increased rate ratio for ALS was found in relation to prior AVM (2.69; p=0.005), all strokes (1.38; p<0.001), and TIA (1.47; p<0.001). Conclusions Cerebrovascular injury from a variety of causes, rather than the presence of AVM or the associated embolisation procedure per se, may be a risk factor for ALS within the context of a more complex multiple-hit model of pathogenesis.
Interaction of array of finite electrodes with layered biological tissue: effect of electrode size and configuration

A hybrid scheme, combining image series and moment method has been utilized for the calculation of the intramuscular three-dimensional (3-D) current density (CD) distribution and potential field transcutaneously excited by an electrode array. The model permits one to study the effect of tissue electrical properties and electrode placement on the CD distribution. The isometric recruitment curve (IRC) of the muscle was used for parameter estimation and model verification, by comparison with experimentally obtained IRCs of functional electrical stimulation (FES)-activated quadriceps muscle of paraplegic subjects. Sensitivity of the calculated IRC to parameters such as tissue conductivity, electrode size, and configuration was verified. The resulting model demonstrated characteristic features that were similar to those of experimentally obtained data. The model IRCs were insensitive to the electrode size; however, the inclusion of the bone-fascia layer significantly increased the intramuscular CD and, consequently, increased the IRC slope. Of the different configurations studied, a four-electrode array proved advantageous because, in this case, the CD between the electrodes was more evenly distributed, providing better resistance to fatigue. However, due to the steeper linear portion of the IRC, this configuration suffered from a somewhat reduced controllability of the muscle.
Treatment-resistant Late-life Depression: Challenges and Perspectives

The current Review article provides a narrative review about the neurobiological underpinnings and treatment of treatment resistant late-life depression (TRLLD). The manuscript focuses on therapeutic targets of late-life depression, which include pharmacological, psychological, biophysical and exercise treatment approaches. Therefore, we summarize available evidences on that kind of therapies for patients suffering from late-life depression. The search for evidences of therapeutic options of late-life depression were done using searching websites as “pubmed”, and using the searching terms “depression”, “late-life depression”, “treatment”, “biophysical therapy”, “exercise therapy”, “pharmacological therapy” and “psychological therapy”. To the end, we summarize and discuss current data, providing some directions for further research. Treatment recommendations for elderly depressive patients favour a multimodal approach, containing psychological, pharmacological and secondary biophysical therapeutic options. Particularly, a combination of psychotherapy and antidepressant medication reflects the best therapeutic option. However, mostly accepted and used is the pharmacological treatment although evidence suggests that the drug therapy is not as effective as it is in younger depressive patients. Further studies employing larger samples and longer follow-up periods are necessary and may focus on comparability of study designs and involve novel approaches to establish the validity and reliability of multimodal treatment programs.
Africa and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

This article examines the efforts of a transnational indigenous peoples' civil society network to convince African states to the support the 2007 UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). Indigenous peoples' activism with regards the UNDRIP was successful despite the challenges. The author argues that success with UNDRIP was due to the effectiveness of the main African transnational indigenous peoples' network, though there were favourable conditions including a surge of idealism associated with African bloc politics at the United Nations, South Africa's democratisation and focus on human rights, a global awareness of the need for more effective human rights mechanisms for non-dominant peoples and an unwillingness by Africa to forsake the benefits and alliances of the international system. The emergence of an indigenous peoples' movement in Africa represents an evolution of civil society on the continent and the lobbying in favour of UNDRIP was a measure of its capacity. The reactions of African diplomats provide an opportunity to examine Africa's relationship with its own legal and cultural traditions, its openness to pluralist forms of governance and non-state institutions in post-colonial regimes, as well as Africa's relationship with the international human rights system.
Learning about Leading a Subject Department in Secondary Schools: some empirical evidence

This article attempts to shed some light on the preparation and training of subject heads of department (HoDs) in secondary schools, which is a neglected but vitally important issue. It reports the findings of interviews conducted with a sample of 36 HoDs in Wales. The major issue emerging from this work is the importance which HoDs attached to their learning about the HoD role, when working with previous HoDs at an earlier point in their career (professional socialisation) and the different kinds of learning experienced when they took up their post in school (organisational socialisation). Most of those interviewed also perceived themselves as being proactive in the training and professional development of their colleagues.
Vocational Anticipatory Socialization of Adolescents: Messages, Sources, and Frameworks That Influence Interest in STEM Careers

By high school, many students have dropped out of the pipeline that will lead to science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) occupations. We examine the role of vocational anticipatory socialization (VAS)—the types of messages adolescents receive, message sources, and adolescents' frameworks—on youth's educational and vocational interests. Adolescents (37 focus groups, N = 229) reported that they received two types of VAS messages: personal fulfillment (advising students to prioritize their well-being) and career detail (advising students about specific aspects of an occupation). Adolescents used three career frameworks (enjoyment, ability, and goal) that filtered and often magnified VAS messages and experiences. We extend VAS research by identifying two primary purposes of the career advice embedded in VAS messages and three career frameworks. Practical implication are that parents can affect adolescents' beliefs about their abilities and potential enjoyment of STEM careers by supplementing personal fulfillment messages with career detail messages. Individuals in STEM occupations are in the best position to encourage adolescents by offering career detail, discussing how their career can be rewarding and how math and science classes can influence their career attainment.
Savvy Investors and Domestic Goddesses? New Challenges for Feminist Housing Research

The arrival of savvy female investors and domestic goddesses in mainstream media poses considerable challenges for a feminist housing research agenda that was once aimed squarely at accommodating gender equality within the housing market and the urban landscape. In this paper, I outline some of the ways that feminist scholarship is being reformulated in response to theoretical critiques from within the social sciences, namely the destabilization of a unified female identity and the unpacking of master concepts such as patriarchy. Here I chart the rise of feminist standpoint theory, which provides some intermediary solutions to these critiques, as well as the limits of this position. I then suggest some strategies for reinvigorating feminist housing scholarship which has lost some momentum since the publication of Sophie Watson's groundbreaking work on gender and housing in the 1980s. This reformulation I contend is important in analysing and interpreting recent shifts in women's housing careers and domestic lives, as well as broadening the gender‐agenda to include consideration of the negotiation of masculinity and femininity within contemporary housing markets and homes.