Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MAGISTRATES' BELIEFS CONCERNING VERBAL AND NON- VERBAL BEHAVIOURS AS INDICATORS OF DECEPTION

This study examined 105 magistrates' beliefs about verbal and non-verbal behaviours as indicators of deception/truth-telling and whether their amount of courtroom experience was associated with their beliefs. Previous surveys (none have been on magistrates) suggest that people tend to associate others' deception with changes in a number of verbal and non-verbal behaviours (that research on actual lying has found not to be valid cues). Overall, the magistrates' beliefs were not similar to those found in previous surveys; for the majority of behaviours tested, the magisterial sample did not consensually consider that these were indicative of deception/truth-telling. Magisterial experience was related to only six of the 61 survey items, with less experienced magistrates tending to believe that four of the behaviours were possible indicators of deception. Given that the majority of magistrates did not share the common false beliefs found in other studies, the main implication of the present study is that they may well be less likely to incorrectly discriminate between witnesses/defendants who are telling the truth and those who are lying.
Socioeconomic variation in the growth status of urban school children 6–13 years in Oaxaca, Mexico, in 1972 and 2000

Socioeconomic variation in the growth status of urban school children 6–13 years of age in 1972 and 2000 was compared. The children were resident in the city of Oaxaca and were students in the same primary school in each year. Socioeconomic status (SES) was based on parental occupation. Height, sitting height, estimated leg length, weight, and the body mass index in 218 boys and 191 girls in 1972 and 173 boys and 166 girls in 2000 were compared. Sex‐specific MANCOVA was used to evaluate SES differences within each year, while sex‐ and SES‐specific MANCOVA was used to evaluate differences between years. The prevalence of stunting, overweight and obesity was estimated. There were no SES differences among boys and girls in 1972 and boys in 2000; low‐middle and middle SES girls were significantly taller and heavier with longer legs than low SES girls in 2000. Within each SES group, children in 2000 were significantly larger in body size and segment lengths except for sitting height in low SES children of both sexes. Estimated secular gains increased from low to low‐middle to middle SES in both sexes. Inequitable gains by SES contributed to an increase in the magnitude of differences between SES groups, especially between low SES children on one hand and low‐middle and middle SES children on the other hand. The prevalence of stunting declined while the prevalence of overweight and to a lesser extent in obesity increased from 1972 to 2000, more so in low‐middle and middle SES than in low SES children. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
From Blanket Impunity to Judicial Opening(s)

With the increasing opportunities for justice ushered in by the repeal of the Full Stop and Due Obedience laws in 2005, the struggles for memory and justice by Argentina’s H.I. J.O. S. (Sons and Daughters for Identity and Justice against Forgetting and Silence) have shifted focus. Pre-2005, the organization used escraches (public demonstrations in which the perpetrators of human rights violations are “outed”) to respond to the problem of top-down impunity in Argentina, condemn the atrocities, and expose the legal immunity enjoyed by the perpetrators. Post-2005, it has employed escraches to bring to the fore shortcomings in the judicial sphere by widening its selection of targets. Furthermore, new activities outside and inside the courtroom reflect the new landscape of justice, celebrating the advent of justice and accompanying victims, survivors, and witnesses in this process while continuing to highlight persistent shortcomings and obstacles in the judicial sphere. Con las nuevas oportunidades para la justicia que trajo la anulación de las leyes de Punto Final y de Obediencia Debida en 2005, la organización argentina H.I. J.O. S. (Hijos e Hijas por la Identidad y la Justicia contra el Olvido y el Silencio) ha reorientado el enfoque de sus luchas por la memoria y la justicia. Antes de 2005, la organización usaba los escraches (manifestaciones públicas en las cuales los responsables de violaciones derechos humanos son “sacados del closet” o puestos al descubierto) para responder al problema de la impunidad en la Argentina, condenar las atrocidades y poner de manifiesto la impunidad legal de la cual gozaban los autores de las violaciones. Después de 2005, los escraches ampliaron la selección de sus blancos de ataque y sirvieron para llamar la atención sobre las deficiencias del sistema judicial. Además, las nuevas actividades fuera y dentro de los tribunales reflejan el nuevo panorama de la justicia, al celebrar la llegada de la misma y acompañar a las víctimas, a los sobrevivientes y a los testigos en este proceso mientras continúan denunciando las deficiencias y los obstáculos persistentes en la esfera judicial.
The Parental Relationship and Adolescent Conduct Problems in Mexican American and European American Families

Abstract Couple and family therapists have long noted the connection between discord in the marital relationship and adolescent conduct problems. To clarify the processes involved in this relationship, we tested a path model linking marital discord and adolescent conduct problems via the parenting alliance for mothers and fathers in European American, Mexican American English-preference, and Mexican American Spanish-preference families. Results indicated that a strong parenting alliance significantly affected parenting self-efficacy. Parenting self-efficacy was negatively related to adolescent conduct problems for mothers but not for fathers. Results suggest that maternal perceptions of low parenting alliance and low maternal parenting self-efficacy are salient risk factors for adolescent conduct problems in Mexican American families. Implications of the findings for couple and family therapy are discussed.
The Interface between Fiction and Life: Patterns of Identification in Reading Autobiographies

The aim of this study is to investigate how reading experiences intertwine fiction and life and how such experiences change over time. Twelve reading autobiographies of young, motivated readers (age range twenty-two to thirty-two; six men, six women) were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The theoretical framework that served as the point of departure for the content categories was a model of identification in which different types of wish identification, similarity identification, dissimilarity, and empathy were distinguished. Other content categories were derived from different objects of identification and from different kinds of cognitive and emotional effects. Three major results are presented and discussed. One outcome was the difference in autobiographical style between the two earliest periods of life (childhood and adolescence) and the last, most recent period (young adulthood). The readers described their reading experiences in the latter period in a more general and abstract way, whereas the earlier memories had a more "recollective" character. We discuss this finding in relation to general knowledge and theories about autobiographical memory. The second result was a difference in reported reading behavior and reading experience between female and male readers. Male readers tended to a certain favorite genre, such as, for example, science fiction, or to a favorite author throughout their lives, whereas female readers wrote more about their changing ways of reading. Also, the female readers reported more than twice as many identification [End Page 205] experiences. In a third finding, we observed a developmental pattern in identification: the transition from childhood to puberty and adolescence manifested a shift from wish to similarity identification. This pattern matches earlier studies about the development of readers and can be understood in relation to general developmental characteristics. However, together with some additional observations about parallel shifts in the objects of identification from characters and events to abstract themes, a more detailed and complete picture of the changing functions of reading fiction can be drawn.
The clinical and theoretical impact of a controlled trial of family therapy in anorexia nervosa.

The paper discusses the practical and theoretical implications of the results of a controlled treatment trial. Family therapy was compared with individual, supportive psychotherapy for the management of severe eating disorder. Family therapy was markedly more effective in achieving improvement in one of four subgroups of patients: (a): those with early onset, short duration; (b) early onset, duration more than 3 years; (c) late onset, after the age of 18 years; (d) those with bulimia nervosa. The therapies used are described, as are the changes in clinical practice arising from the study. Theoretical considerations concerning notions of family structure, the family life-cycle and symptomatic and family change are also discussed.
The Importance of Father Love: History and Contemporary Evidence

This article explores the cultural construction of fatherhood in America, as well as the consequences of this construction as a motivator for understudying fathers—especially father love—for nearly a century in developmental and family research. It then reviews evidence from 6 categories of empirical studies showing the powerful influence of fathers’ love on children's and young adults’ social, emotional, and cognitive development and functioning. Much of this evidence suggests that the influence of father love on offspring's development is as great as and occasionally greater than the influence of mother love. Some studies conclude that father love is the sole significant predictor of specific outcomes after controlling for the influence of mother love. Overall, father love appears to be as heavily implicated as mother love in offsprings’ psychological well-being and health, as well as in an array of psychological and behavioral problems.
The Ultimatum Game and Gender Effect: Experimental Evidence from Pakistan

Laboratory experimentation was once considered impossible or irrelevant in economics. Recently, however, economic science has gone through a real ‘laboratory revolution’, and experimental economics is now a most lively subfield of the discipline. This study attempts to examine answers to questions of the changing behaviour of opposite sexes under conditions of both anonymity and knowledge of gender by playing the ultimatum game in Pakistan. It is observed that the behaviour of males and females in Pakistani society is quite different from that found in earlier studies. Insights from the previous experiments have already shown that normative economic theory had failed in its predictions of human behaviour. Currently, the ultimatum game is widely discussed in behavioural economic literature, and this paper will adjust the traditional ultimatum game into a new form wherein it will be tested in the country (Pakistan) with multidimensional behaviour of subjects. With regard to gender effect specifically, all previous studies came up with somewhat mixed results, since results do not always point in the same direction and it is rather early to draw far-reaching conclusions regarding the behavioural differences of men and women. More facts are required in order to move towards the development of a systematic theory. This work is a small attempt to investigate the changing behaviour of opposite sexes under different controlled conditions.
Methodological innovation and research ethics: forces in tension or forces in harmony?

This article is an exploration of the tensions inherent in the interaction between ethics and methodological innovation. The authors focus on three cases of innovation in qualitative research methods in the social sciences: netnography, child-led research and creative research methods. Using thematic analysis of data collected through semi-structured interviews with the innovators and commentators on the innovations, they discuss issues of ethical responsibility, democratisation of research, empowerment and the relationship between research and the academy. This article highlights the ways in which innovation is about reflexivity as well as new techniques. It shows how innovation may be about managing risk rather than taking risks: the innovators are cautious as much as creative, operating within a culture in which procedural ethical regulation acts to limit methodological development and in which they (and other users of their method/approach) communicate the safe qualities alongside the innovative qualities of their approach.
Mobilizing Emotion in an Urban English Classroom

In this paper, we argue that emotion in English classrooms is a mediated action mobilized through discursive and material practices that transform texts and signs. We first provide an overview of the current state of English as a secondary school subject in the United States to provide a context for our work on emotion within a critical literacy framework. Next, we theorize emotion as mediated action rather than as an internal psycho-physiological state. Finally, we offer an example of how emotion was mobilized in a racially and ethnically diverse classroom that focused on documentary film analysis and production in ways that constrained and enabled particular ideologies, identities, and opportunities for learners. We argue that personal growth models of English focus on the right and tasteful kind of affect (or feeling) and mask the ideological roots of language which emotion – when we cease to police it – has the potential to illuminate.
Professional Self-Concept, Critical Thinking Disposition and Clinical Competence in Nursing Students

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships among professional self-concept, critical thinking disposition and clinical competence in nursing students. Method: The participants in the study were 505 nursing students, 262 associate degree nursing students and 243 baccalaureate nursing students, all in schools in Gwangju or South Jeonla Province. A questionnaire survey was conducted from April 25 to May 27, 2011. Statistical processing was performed with SPSS 18.0 Version and the data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheff test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple stepwise regression. Results: There was a positive correlation among clinical competence and professional self-concept, critical thinking disposition. The most effective factor for clinical competence was professional practice in professional self-concept, followed by prudence and objectivity in critical thinking disposition. The total explanation of clinical competence was 46.2%. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate confirm that professional self-concept and critical thinking disposition have an effect on clinical competence in nursing students. Accordingly in order to improve clinical competence, it is necessary to provide practice environment and educational curriculum that enhance the professional self-concept and critical thinking disposition of nursing students.
Trait Relevance and Trait Assessment

Growing agreement exists among psychologists that all traits are not equally relevant to allpeople. The assumption that traits differ in their relevance across individuals has implications for psychometric theory and the assessment of reliability and validity. Specifically, the less relevant a trait is to an individual, the more error that person is contributing to the measurement process. This article discusses the construct of trait relevance, explicates why differences in trait relevance need to be incorporated into models of trait assessment, and suggests new possibilities for the measurement of trait relevance.
An exploration of the well-being benefits of hedonic and eudaimonic behaviour

Hedonia and eudaimonia have both been proposed as pathways to well-being. Past research in this area has predominantly focused on global cognitive evaluations of how one typically lives. Findings from such research lack practical relevance, and hence, this study aimed to investigate how actual hedonic and eudaimonic behaviour related to well-being and psychopathology. Participants (N = 105) completed an array of well-being outcomes prior to completing an online diary, reporting actual instances of hedonic and eudaimonic behaviour. Participants spent more time engaged in hedonic activity than eudaimonic activity. Hedonic activity served an emotion regulation function, predicting positive affect, carefreeness, vitality, and life satisfaction. Hedonic behaviour also predicted reduced negative affect, depression, and stress. Eudaimonic behaviour predicted meaning in life and elevating experience. Both hedonic and eudaimonic behaviours predicted flourishing. These findings suggest that increasing hedonic and eudaimonic behaviours may be an effective way to increase well-being and reduce psychological distress.
Does Value Congruence Lead to Voice? Cooperative Voice and Cooperative Silence under Team and Differentiated Transformational Leadership

This study seeks to resolve a puzzle of the coexistence of follower cooperative voice and cooperative silence (expressing/withholding work-related ideas, information, and opinions based on collective, cooperative motives) in the presence of transformational leadership. A sample of 193 bank employees under 52 managers revealed that in the presence of group-focused transformational leadership, both voice and silence based on cooperative motives increased through the mediation of value congruence between leaders and followers. However, cooperative voice was more likely to be the main response to a high level of value congruence when followers under the same leader perceived individual-focused transformational leadership uniformly. Under a high level of differentiated individual-focused transformational leadership, value congruence was likely to result in more cooperative silence. We discuss implications for future research on both leadership and employee voice.
Motivation in African Americans

Close to 140 studies comprising an African-American empirical literature on motivation were reviewed. The review was organized around five topics subsumed under three broader assumptions about the relationship between ethnic minority status and motivation. First, research on the achievement motive was reviewed to examine the belief that African Americans lack certain personality traits deemed necessary for achievement strivings. Second, the empirical literatures on locus of control and causal attributions were summarized to investigate the assumption that African Americans are less likely to believe in internal or personal control of outcomes, the belief system that theoretically should accompany high achievement-related behavior. And third, research on expectancy of success and self-concept of ability was reviewed to examine the hypothesis that African Americans have negative self-views about their competence. None of these assumptions was supported in the review. In fact, African Americans appear to maintain a belief in personal control, have high expectancies, and enjoy positive self-regard. Some of the conceptual and methodological limitations of this research were discussed. The article concludes with six suggested principles of a motivational psychology for African Americans that might serve as guides for future research.
Career Experiences and Scientific Performance: A Study of Social, Physical, Life, and Health Sciences

The experiences people have over the course of their careers are commonly held to contribute to creative achievement. In this study, an attempt was made to identify the career events contributing to creative achievement in the sciences. Prior theoretical and empirical work was used to identify relevant career events in the areas of education, domain exposure, mentoring, adversity, work procedures, collaboration, laboratory leadership, and organizational influences. Obituaries were obtained for 499 scientists working in multiple fields in the social, physical, life, and health sciences and were used to assess whether these events were evident in scientists' careers. Comparisons of high achieving and low achieving scientists with regard to these events indicated that multiple events lying in each of these general areas contributed to career achievement. The nature of the events yielding significant differences were discussed regarding their implications for the development of creative potential in scientific fields.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by the presence of obsessions and/or compulsions that consume time and significantly interfere with the individual's daily routines, work, family or social life, causing marked distress (American Psychiatric Association, 2002). Until the 1980s, OCD was considered a rare disorder. The ECA (Epidemiological Catchment Area) study estimated its prevalence rate between 1.9% and 3.3% during individuals' lifetime (Karno et al., 1988). Studies involving children and teenagers demonstrated a prevalence of up to 4.0% (Fontenelle et al., 2006), with slightly superior rates in boys at a 3:2 ratio, possibly due to the more premature symptoms in males (Rassmussen & Eisen, 1992; Walitza et a., 2011).
Television and Movie Behaviors of Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Adolescents

Television and film viewing by many adolescents constitutes a substantial part of their leisure time. While no single factor can account wholly for the development of sexually-oriented attitudes, values, and behaviors, it is believed that media play at least a subtle role. The purpose of this study was to determine whether media viewing habits of pregnant and non-pregnant, Black and White adolescent girls differ and how they differ. Data were collected by questionnaires given to 649 9th and 10th grade girls in three large high schools and 146 pregnant adolescents in alternative education programs in the same Midwestern state. Systematic analysis of sexual content in the soaps, primetime TV, and R-rated films most viewed by these adolescents revealed that Blacks and the pregnant adolescents had significantly greater exposure to the media. Pregnant respondents watched television programming more often in the company of their steady boyfriends than did their non-pregnant peers. Black adolescents reported a greater effort by their parents to control viewing behaviors.
Site-directed mutagenesis of proteinase 3C results in a poliovirus deficient in synthesis of viral RNA polymerase

We used a synthetic double-stranded oligonucleotide to introduce amino acid substitutions into the proteinase 3C region of a poliovirus type 1 cDNA clone. The six different mutant viruses recovered exhibited a small-plaque phenotype when assayed on HeLa cells. Further investigation revealed that all the mutations (with the exception of one) yielded P3 region proteins that displayed altered mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A conservative Val----Ala change at amino acid 54 of the proteinase resulted in a virus that was deficient in the production of the mature viral RNA polymerase 3D. Although this mutant achieved less than one-half of the wild-type levels of RNA synthesis during the course of infection, it still grew to nearly wild-type titers.