Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cumulative Effect and Predictive Value of Genetic Variants Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in Han Chinese: A Case-Control Study

Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified dozens of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with type 2 diabetes risk. We have previously confirmed the associations of genetic variants in HHEX, CDKAL1, VEGFA and FTO with type 2 diabetes in Han Chinese. However, the cumulative effect and predictive value of these GWAS identified SNPs on the risk of type 2 diabetes in Han Chinese are largely unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings We conducted a two-stage case-control study consisting of 2,925 cases and 3,281controls to examine the association of 30 SNPs identified by GWAS with type 2 diabetes in Han Chinese. Significant associations were found for proxy SNPs at KCNQ1 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.41, P = 9.91 × 10–16 for rs2237897], CDKN2A/CDKN2B (OR = 1.30, P = 1.34 × 10–10 for rs10811661), CENTD2 (OR = 1.28, P = 9.88 × 10-4 for rs1552224) and SLC30A8 (OR = 1.19, P = 1.43 × 10-5 for rs13266634). We further evaluated the cumulative effect on type 2 diabetes of these 4 SNPs, in combination with 5 SNPs at HHEX, CDKAL1, VEGFA and FTO reported previously. Individuals carrying 12 or more risk alleles had a nearly 4-fold increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes compared with those carrying less than 6 risk alleles [adjusted OR = 3.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.76–4.91]. Adding the genetic factors to clinical factors slightly improved the prediction of type 2 diabetes, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve increasing from 0.76 to 0.78. However, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Conclusions/Significance We confirmed associations of SNPs in KCNQ1, CDKN2A/CDKN2B, CENTD2 and SLC30A8 with type 2 diabetes in Han Chinese. The utilization of genetic information may improve the accuracy of risk prediction in combination with clinical characteristics for type 2 diabetes.
The Influence of Emotional State on the Masticatory Muscles Function in the Group of Young Healthy Adults

Stress may affect the function of all the components of the masticatory system and may ultimately lead to differentiated symptoms and finally to systemic and structural dysfunctions. Objective. To determine the effect of stress on the masticatory muscles function in young healthy adults. Material and Methods. A total of 201 young, Angle's first class, healthy volunteers, 103 female and 98 male, in the age between 18 and 21 years were recruited into the study. All the participants underwent clinical examination according to the Slavicek scheme, questionnaire survey according to Perceived Stress Scale, and assessment of masticatory muscles function in central occlusion. Results. Symptoms of masticatory system dysfunction were found in the group of 86 subjects (46,24%). All the muscles activity in central occlusion was comparable in female and male groups. Mean values of masseters activities in the group of low stress subjects (75,52 µV ± 15,97) were statistically different from the groups with medium (82,43 µV ± 15,04) and high (81,33 ± 12,05) perceived stress (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Chronic stress may reveal or exacerbate symptoms of masticatory dysfunction.
On generating the ring of matrix semi-invariants

For a field $\mathbb{F}$, let $R(n, m)$ be the ring of invariant polynomials for the action of $\mathrm{SL}(n, \mathbb{F}) \times \mathrm{SL}(n, \mathbb{F})$ on tuples of matrices -- $(A, C)\in\mathrm{SL}(n, \mathbb{F}) \times \mathrm{SL}(n, \mathbb{F})$ sends $(B_1, \dots, B_m)\in M(n, \mathbb{F})^{\oplus m}$ to $(AB_1C^{-1}, \dots, AB_mC^{-1})$. In this paper we call $R(n, m)$ the \emph{ring of matrix semi-invariants}. Let $\beta(R(n, m))$ be the smallest $D$ s.t. matrix semi-invariants of degree $\leq D$ generate $R(n, m)$. Guided by the Procesi-Razmyslov-Formanek approach of proving a strong degree bound for generating matrix invariants, we exhibit several interesting structural results for the ring of matrix semi-invariants $R(n, m)$ over fields of characteristic $0$. Using these results, we prove that $\beta(R(n, m))=\Omega(n^{3/2})$, and $\beta(R(2, m))\leq 4$.
Performance of a distributed location management scheme for wireless networks

Location management schemes continue to be a topic of major research. Especially with the upcoming 3G, 4G and wireless LAN technologies, which will bring better services to mobile users, it is anticipated that the mobile user population will continue to increase. Location management schemes comprise of location update and paging procedures. Efforts to introduce an efficient location update scheme results in increased costs in paging and vice-versa. We propose a simple base station controller based location area and paging control, which optimizes the total location management costs and is very simple to implement. This scheme has been evaluated using a mobility model, which has features to study location update rates. These results are compared with some of the more popular dynamic location area schemes. Preliminary comparison results show that the proposed scheme is optimal, when considering network architecture and total costs.
Advances in Brief WAF 1 / CIP 1 Is Induced in / ? 53-mediated G ! Arrest and Apoptosis 1

The tumor growth suppressor WAF1/C1PÃŒwas recently shown to be induced by p53 and to be a potent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases. In the present studies, we sought to determine the relationship between the expression of WAFIICIPI and endogenous regulation of p53 function. WAF1/CIP1 protein was first localized to the nucleus of cells containing wild-type p53 and undergoing G| arrest. WAFIICIPI was induced in wild-type p53-containing cells by exposure to DNA damaging agents, but not in mutant p5. -containing cells. The induction of WAF1/CIP1 protein occurred in cells undergoing either p5. -associated GÂ¡arrest or apoptosis but not in cells induced to arrest in GÃŒor to undergo apoptosis through p5J-independent mechanisms. DNA damage led to increased levels of WAF1/CIP1 in cyclin E-containing complexes and to an associated de crease in cyclin-dependent kinase activity. These results support the idea that WAF1/CIP1 is a critical downstream effector in the p5J-specific path way of growth control in mammalian cells.
Caesarean of Lion (Panthera leo) at Dulahajra Safari Park, Bangladesh.

A six years eight months pregnant lioness at the Dulahajara Safari Park, Chakoria, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, was presented with dystocia. This paper described the pre-, intra- and postoperative procedures including anesthetic protocol carried out and performing a caesarean section to remove dead fetuses and the successful recovery of the lioness without complications.
Kaiso is a genome-wide repressor of transcription that is essential for amphibian development

DNA methylation in animals is thought to repress transcription via methyl-CpG specific binding proteins, which recruit enzymatic machinery promoting the formation of inactive chromatin at targeted loci. Loss of DNA methylation can result in the activation of normally silent genes during mouse and amphibian development. Paradoxically, global changes in gene expression have not been observed in mice that are null for the methyl-CpG specific repressors MeCP2, MBD1 or MBD2. Here, we demonstrate that xKaiso, a novel methyl-CpG specific repressor protein, is required to maintain transcription silencing during early Xenopus laevis development. In the absence of xKaiso function, premature zygotic gene expression occurs before the mid-blastula transition (MBT). Subsequent phenotypes (developmental arrest and apoptosis) strongly resemble those observed for hypomethylated embryos. Injection of wild-type human kaiso mRNA can rescue the phenotype and associated gene expression changes of xKaiso-depleted embryos. Our results, including gene expression profiling, are consistent with an essential role for xKaiso as a global repressor of methylated genes during early vertebrate development.
Circadian Rhythm Genes CLOCK and PER3 Polymorphisms and Morning Gastric Motility in Humans

Background Clock genes regulate circadian rhythm and are involved in various physiological processes, including digestion. We therefore investigated the association between the CLOCK 3111T/C single nucleotide polymorphism and the Period3 (PER3) variable-number tandem-repeat polymorphism (either 4 or 5 repeats 54 nt in length) with morning gastric motility. Methods Lifestyle questionnaires and anthropometric measurements were performed with 173 female volunteers (mean age, 19.4 years). Gastric motility, evaluated by electrogastrography (EGG), blood pressure, and heart rate levels were measured at 8:30 a.m. after an overnight fast. For gastric motility, the spectral powers (% normal power) and dominant frequency (DF, peak of the power spectrum) of the EGG were evaluated. The CLOCK and PER3 polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results Subjects with the CLOCK C allele (T/C or C/C genotypes: n = 59) showed a significantly lower DF (mean, 2.56 cpm) than those with the T/T genotype (n = 114, 2.81 cpm, P < 0.05). Subjects with the longer PER3 allele (PER3 4/5 or PER3 5/5 genotypes: n = 65) also showed a significantly lower DF (2.55 cpm) than those with the shorter PER3 4/4 genotype (n = 108, 2.83 cpm, P < 0.05). Furthermore, subjects with both the T/C or C/C and PER3 4/5 or PER3 5/5 genotypes showed a significantly lower DF (2.43 cpm, P < 0.05) than subjects with other combinations of the alleles (T/T and PER3 4/4 genotype, T/C or C/C and PER3 4/4 genotypes, and T/T and PER3 4/5 or PER3 5/5 genotypes). Conclusions These results suggest that minor polymorphisms of the circadian rhythm genes CLOCK and PER3 may be associated with poor morning gastric motility, and may have a combinatorial effect. The present findings may offer a new viewpoint on the role of circadian rhythm genes on the peripheral circadian systems, including the time-keeping function of the gut.
Errors in the measurement of the output gap and the design of monetary policy

We exploit data on historical revisions to real-time estimates of the output gap to examine the implications of measurement error for the design of monetary policy, using the Federal Reserve's model of the U.S. economy, FRB/US. Measurement error brings about a substantial deterioration in economic performance, although the problem can be mitigated somewhat by reducing the coefficient on the output gap in policy rules. We also show that it is usually optimal to place some weight on the level of the output gap in the conduct of policy, but under extreme conditions it may be preferable to focus on output growth.
Network Class Superposition Analyses

Networks are often used to understand a whole system by modeling the interactions among its pieces. Examples include biomolecules in a cell interacting to provide some primary function, or species in an environment forming a stable community. However, these interactions are often unknown; instead, the pieces' dynamic states are known, and network structure must be inferred. Because observed function may be explained by many different networks (e.g., for the yeast cell cycle process [1]), considering dynamics beyond this primary function means picking a single network or suitable sample: measuring over all networks exhibiting the primary function is computationally infeasible. We circumvent that obstacle by calculating the network class ensemble. We represent the ensemble by a stochastic matrix , which is a transition-by-transition superposition of the system dynamics for each member of the class. We present concrete results for derived from Boolean time series dynamics on networks obeying the Strong Inhibition rule, by applying to several traditional questions about network dynamics. We show that the distribution of the number of point attractors can be accurately estimated with . We show how to generate Derrida plots based on . We show that -based Shannon entropy outperforms other methods at selecting experiments to further narrow the network structure. We also outline an experimental test of predictions based on . We motivate all of these results in terms of a popular molecular biology Boolean network model for the yeast cell cycle, but the methods and analyses we introduce are general. We conclude with open questions for , for example, application to other models, computational considerations when scaling up to larger systems, and other potential analyses.
Discovering Organizational Structure in Dynamic Social Network

Applying the concept of organizational structure to social network analysis may well represent the power of members and the scope of their power in a social network. In this paper, we propose a data structure, called Community Tree, to represent the organizational structure in the social network. We combine the PageRank algorithm and random walks on graph to derive the community tree from the social network. In the real world, a social network is constantly changing. Hence, the organizational structure in the social network is also constantly changing. In order to present the organizational structure in a dynamic social network, we propose a tree learning algorithm to derive an evolving community tree. The evolving community tree enables a smooth transition between the two community trees and well represents the evolution of organizational structure in the dynamic social network. Experiments conducted on real data show our methods are effective at discovering the organizational structure and representing the evolution of organizational structure in a dynamic social network.
An investigation into the role of information and communication technologies on travel behaviour of working adults and youth

This thesis aims to investigate the diverse roles information and communications technologies (ICT) play in shaping individuals’ mobility behaviour. In doing so, three strands of interrelated research questions are empirically analysed to better understand the use of ICT and its implications for travel among both working adults and millennials. A cross-sectional analysis is firstly performed to examine the variations in the relationships between Internet use and non-mandatory travel patterns according to household working status. By employing data from the 2005/06 Scottish Household Survey (SHS) and the two-part model, the ICT-travel relationships are found to be characterised by individual employment status and intra-household interactions, which impose different constraints on individuals’ non-mandatory mobility patterns. A repeated cross-sectional analysis using the difference-in-differences (DD) estimation and the pooling of cross sections from the 2005/06 SHS data and the 2015 Integrated Multimedia City Data (iMCD) subsequently examines the evolutions in the ICT-travel relationships over time, and how temporal changes differ between the general adult population and the millennial generation. Findings suggest that the changes over time are generally characterised by diminishing complementarity and increasing substitution. Moreover, while the temporal changes for the general population are mostly found among the medium-to-heavy Internet users, for millennials, it is the light or medium-to-light users who see significant temporal changes. Finally, using the longitudinal datasets from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) and the Understanding Society Survey, an exploration is undertaken of the direct and indirect effects of prior experience with using ICT (as children) on millennials’ current travel behaviour. The structural equation model is applied to examine the relationships between ICT use, travel choices, and environmental attitude. The longitudinal analysis finds that millennials’ long-term exposure to ICT (since adolescence) may shape their current travel patterns by influencing their environmental attitudes. The findings from these analyses highlight the importance of considering the effects of personal, household, and social characteristics on the ICT-travel interactions. In addition, the research focuses on dynamic interactions and on the indirect or higher-order roles of ICT in affecting travel behaviour as well as on the implications for transport planning practices and policy making.
The Composition and Origin of Lunar Crater Rays: Implications for the Copernican-Eratosthenian Boundary

ERATOSTHENIAN BOUNDARY. B.R. Hawke, L.R. Gaddis, D.T. Blewett, J.M. Boyce, B.A. Campbell, T.A. Giguere, J.J. Gillis-Davis, P.G. Lucey, C.A. Peterson, M.S. Robinson, and G.A. Smith, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, U.S. Geological Survey, Astrogeology Program, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, NovaSol, 733 Bishop Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560, Intergraph Corporation, P.O. Box 75330, Kapolei, HI 96707, Center for Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208.
Image Mosaic using ORB descriptor and improved blending algorithm

This paper presents an image mosaic technique using ORB (oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF) descriptor and an improved blending algorithm. Features of images with overlapping regions are first described by ORB descriptors. This binary descriptor outperforms SIFT and SURF in regard of processing speed. RANSAC algorithm is then applied to reject mismatches. Once the best projective deformation matrix is found, brightness equalization is conducted and an improved weighting function is utilized to blend images and reduce visible artifacts. Experimental results show this approach to be efficient in accounting for image mosaic, and the edge artifacts could be significantly reduced and even completely eliminated with the blending process designed in this paper.
Pengaruh Locus of Control, Pengalaman Kerja dan Sistem Reward terhadap Perilaku Etis Auditor

This research purposed to analyze the effect of locus of control, job experience and reward system toward auditor ethical behavior. Sample are the auditor in the KAP Semarang. Sampling technique used are purposive sampling method. Data from the distribution of questionnaires processed using SPSS to obtain the equation in the form of multiple regression. These results indicate that the locus of control and reward system affect auditor ethical behavior, meanwhile job experience did not affect auditor ethical behavior.
Effects of Team-based Learning on Nursing Students

This is quasi-experiment research which is nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design that Team-based learning applied to Basic nursing class. 2 hours for 6 weeks, 89 students of experimental group are provided Team-based Learning and 83 students of control group are provided traditional lecture. According to the research result, there were statistically significant difference on Critical thinking disposition(t=6.964, p<.001), Selfdirected learning (t=2.193, p=.030), Learning self-efficacy(t=3.069, p=.003) and Learning satisfaction(t=2.107, p=.037). Through the result of this research, introducing Team-based Learning could contribute to improving quality of nursing education.
Exploring web scale language models for search query processing

It has been widely observed that search queries are composed in a very different style from that of the body or the title of a document. Many techniques explicitly accounting for this language style discrepancy have shown promising results for information retrieval, yet a large scale analysis on the extent of the language differences has been lacking. In this paper, we present an extensive study on this issue by examining the language model properties of search queries and the three text streams associated with each web document: the body, the title, and the anchor text. Our information theoretical analysis shows that queries seem to be composed in a way most similar to how authors summarize documents in anchor texts or titles, offering a quantitative explanation to the observations in past work. We apply these web scale n-gram language models to three search query processing (SQP) tasks: query spelling correction, query bracketing and long query segmentation. By controlling the size and the order of different language models, we find that the perplexity metric to be a good accuracy indicator for these query processing tasks. We show that using smoothed language models yields significant accuracy gains for query bracketing for instance, compared to using web counts as in the literature. We also demonstrate that applying web-scale language models can have marked accuracy advantage over smaller ones.
A new voice activity detector using subband order-statistics filters for robust speech recognition

Currently, there are technology barriers inhibiting speech processing systems working under extreme noisy conditions. The emerging applications of speech technology, especially in the fields of wireless communications, digital hearing aids or speech recognition, are some examples of such systems often requiring a noise reduction technique in combination with a precise voice activity detector (VAD). This paper presents a new VAD for improving speech detection robustness in noisy environments and the performance of speech recognition systems. The algorithm uses long-term information about the speech signal to formulate the decision rule and estimates the subband SNR using specialized order statistics filters (OSF). The proposed algorithm is compared to the most commonly used VAD in the field, in terms of speech/nonspeech discrimination and also in terms of recognition performance when the VAD is used in an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system. Experimental results demonstrate a sustained advantage over different VAD methods including standard VAD such as G.729 and AMR which are used as a reference, the VAD of the Advanced Front-End (AFE) for distributed speech recognition (DSR), and recently reported algorithms.
Statistical methods for automated drug susceptibility testing: Bayesian minimum inhibitory concentration prediction from growth curves

Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)of a drug that prevents microbial growth is an important step formanaging patients with infections. In this paper we present a novelprobabilistic approach that accurately estimates MICs based on apanel of multiple curves reﬂecting features of bacterial growth. Wedevelop a probabilistic model for determining whether a given dilu-tion of an antimicrobial agent is the MIC given features of the growthcurves over time. Because of the potentially large collection of fea-tures, we utilize Bayesian model selection to narrow the collectionof predictors to the most important variables. In addition to pointestimates of MICs, we are able to provide posterior probabilities thateach dilution is the MIC based on the observed growth curves. Themethods are easily automated and have been incorporated into theBecton–Dickinson PHOENIX automated susceptibility system thatrapidly and accurately classiﬁes the resistance of a large number ofmicroorganisms in clinical samples. Over seventy-ﬁve studies to datehave shown this new method provides improved estimation of MICsover existing approaches.Received January 2008; revised October 2008.