Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transvaginal Laparoscopy

History Transvaginal culdoscopy in the dorsal decubitus position was introduced in Europe in 1942 by Raoul Palmer and was seen as an improvement of the genupectoral position, which was the standard position for culdoscopy in the United States. Further improvement of transvaginal culdoscopy in the dorsal position was the use of a foroblique 4-mm Storz hysteroscope or a modified Storz arthroscope with a 3-mm operating channel. The instruments were introduced through the vaginal route by means of a specially designed trocar. Distention was obtained by needle puncture of the pouch of Douglas and insufflation of 1 to 2 L CO2. Subsequently, Odent proposed the use of saline as distention medium for hydroculdoscopy. He introduced 1 L of saline in the peritoneal cavity through an abdominal puncture. The patient was placed in gynecologic position with the table tilted in an 30° anti-Trendelenburg position. By using a cannula the uterus was moved with the left hand in anteposition, and with the right hand the pouch of Douglas was opened with scissors or the trocar. A gush of fluid confirmed the opening of the peritoneum. The advantages of the transvaginal culdoscopy in the dorsal position were the simplicity of the access to the pelvic cavity and its safety by avoiding the risk of major complications associated with transabdominal laparoscopy. The most serious risk of the transvaginal access was bowel injury, which occurred when the bowel was adherent to the vaginal wall in the pouch of Douglas. On the other hand, the extraperitoneal localization of the injury reduced the risk of peritonitis and sepsis. The direct access to the posterior pelvis in culdoscopy was greatly appreciated in the infertility investigation.
Extracted Lignin from Rhizophora’s Black Liquor as Fluid Loss Control Additive in Water Based Drilling Mud

The ability of lignin from Rhizophora Apiculata’s black liquor to act as a fluid loss additive in water-based drilling at HTHP condition was investigated. The lignin biopolymer was extracted from the black liquor using acid precipitation technique using 20% by volume of sulphuric acid at temperature of 45°C and 60°C for pH 4, 6 and 8 respectively. The produced lignin was tested in water based drilling mud at temperature of 250°F, 300°F,350°F and 400°F . The optimum extraction parameters showed that the highest yield of lignin extraction of approximately 51.2% was obtained at pH 4 and extraction temperature of 45°C. It was also observed that the Rhizophora Apiculata’s lignin has remarkable rheological and filtration controlling properties at HTHP condition as compared to the commercial lignin additive.
Positioning and Applications for Planet Earth 88

GNSS, InSAR and LIDAR are identified as important techniques when it comes to monitoring and remote sensing of our planet Earth and its atmosphere. In fact, these techniques can be considered as key elements of the Global Geodetic Observing System. Examples of applications are: environmental monitoring; volcano monitoring, land slides, tectonic motion, deforming structures, atmosphere modeling, and ocean remote sensing. Hence, it concerns applications at local and regional scales, as well as at global scales. The main issues can be summarized as: need for a better understanding of processes, leading to better models; need for observational material; and adequate modeling techniques.
Seismic Performance of RC Beam-Column Connections with Continuous Rectangular Spiral Transverse Reinforcements for Low Ductility Classes

The seismic performance of RC columns could be significantly improved by continuous spiral reinforcement as a result of its adequate ductility and energy dissipation capacity. Due to post-earthquake brittle failure observations in beam-column connections, the seismic behaviour of such connections could greatly be improved by simultaneous application of this method in both beams and columns. In this study, a new proposed detail for beam to column connection introduced as “twisted opposing rectangular spiral” was experimentally and numerically investigated and its seismic performance was compared against normal rectangular spiral and conventional shear reinforcement systems. In this study, three full scale beam to column connections were first designed in conformance with Eurocode (EC2-04) for low ductility class connections and then tested by quasistatic cyclic loading recommended by ACI Building Code (ACI 318-02). Next, the experimental results were validated by numerical methods. Finally, the results revealed that the new proposed connection could improve the ultimate lateral resistance, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity.
Illustrating Risk: Anaphylaxis Through the Eyes of the Food‐Allergic Child

The risk perception research is widely focused on children as targets of risk. To date, very few studies have consulted with the impacted group to assess the perceptions of risk associated with the exposures of interest. Much less research has investigated the experiences of children at risk for anaphylaxis, their concerns, and the psychosocial stresses associated with risk. The present study explores the perceptions and experiences of Ontario students with anaphylaxis, and their parents regarding school as a safe place in order to inform school policy around risk management and coping. A “child‐centered” analytical framework incorporating illustrative techniques within interpretative analysis is outlined. Five prominent themes: (a) social and environmental barriers to safety, (b) coping strategies, (c) emotional burden of responsibility, (d) balance of responsibility (transitions), and (e) redefining “normal” are discussed. Results found that “child‐centered” techniques empowered children in a process that is meaningful and relevant to their lives. A preliminary framework for understanding what risk means to children highlighted the differences in how they cope in the public sphere of school.
Ecological Niches in Sequential Generations of Eastern North American Monarch Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Danaidae): The Ecology of Migration and Likely Climate Change Implications

Abstract Eastern North American monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus L.) show a series of range shifts during their breeding season. Using ecological niche modeling, we studied the environmental context of these shifts by identifying the ecological conditions that monarchs use in successive summer months. Monarchs use a consistent ecological regimen through the summer, but these conditions contrast strikingly with those used during the winter. Hence, monarchs exhibit niche-following among sequential breeding generations but niche-switching between the breeding and overwintering stages of their annual cycle. We projected their breeding ecological niche onto monthly future climate scenarios, which indicated northward shifts, particularly at the northern extreme of their summer movements, over the next 50 yrs; if both monarchs and their milkweed host plants cannot track these changing climates, monarchs could lose distributional area during critical breeding months.
Pilot simulation study using meat inspection data for syndromic surveillance: use of whole carcass condemnation of adult cattle to assess the performance of several algorithms for outbreak detection

SUMMARY The objective of this study was to assess the performance of several algorithms for outbreak detection based on weekly proportions of whole carcass condemnations. Data from one French slaughterhouse over the 2005–2009 period were used (177 098 slaughtered cattle, 0.97% of whole carcass condemnations). The method involved three steps: (i) preparation of an outbreak-free historical baseline over 5 years, (ii) simulation of over 100 years of baseline time series with injection of artificial outbreak signals with several shapes, durations and magnitudes, and (iii) assessment of the performance (sensitivity, specificity, outbreak detection precocity) of several algorithms to detect these artificial outbreak signals. The algorithms tested included the Shewart p chart, confidence interval of the negative binomial model, the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA); and cumulative sum (CUSUM). The highest sensitivity was obtained using a negative binomial algorithm and the highest specificity with CUSUM or EWMA. EWMA sensitivity was too low to select this algorithm for efficient outbreak detection. CUSUM's performance was complementary to the negative binomial algorithm. The use of both algorithms on real data for a prospective investigation of the whole carcass condemnation rate as a syndromic surveillance indicator could be relevant. Shewart could also be a good option considering its high sensitivity and simplicity of implementation.
Neural Correlates of Specific and General Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer within Human Amygdalar Subregions: A High-Resolution fMRI Study

It is widely held that the interaction between instrumental and Pavlovian conditioning induces powerful motivational biases. Pavlovian-Instrumental Transfer (PIT) is one of the key paradigms demonstrating this effect, which can further be decomposed into a general and specific component. Although these two forms of PIT have been studied at the level of amygdalar subregions in rodents, it is still unknown whether they involve different areas of the human amygdala. Using a high-resolution fMRI (hr-fMRI) protocol optimized for the amygdala in combination with a novel free operant task designed to elicit effects of both general and specific PIT, we demonstrate that a region of ventral amygdala within the boundaries of the basolateral complex and the ventrolateral putamen are involved in specific PIT, while a region of dorsal amygdala within the boundaries of the centromedial complex is involved in general PIT. These results add to a burgeoning literature indicating different functional contributions for these different amygdalar subregions in reward-processing and motivation.
The management of retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma: a single institution experience with a review of the literature.

AIM Ten percent of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) arise in the retroperitoneal tissues. The prognosis for patients with retroperitoneal sarcoma is poor with a 5-year survival rate between 12% and 70%. Stage at presentation, high histological grade, unresectable primary tumour and incomplete resection are associated with a less favourable outcome. METHODS Complete follow-up data were available on 22 patients who underwent surgery for retroperitoneal STS in our institution between 1990 and 2000. Patient, tumour and treatment variables were analysed including use of adjuvant therapy and survival status. RESULTS Eighteen patients underwent surgery for primary disease, four patients were treated for recurrent disease or metastases. Ten patients presented with pain, seven with an abdominal mass, other presentation included weight loss and haematuria. Thirteen patients presented with tumours larger than 10 cm. The tumours were seven liposarcomas, six leiomyosarcomas, three malignant fibrous histiocytomas, two rhabdomyosarcomas, two malignant schwannomas and two undifferentiated sarcomas. Six primary tumours were completely excised, five patients received radiotherapy and five received chemotherapy. Local recurrence rate was 45% and recurrence-free interval for 10 patients with recurrence was 11 months. Five patients received radiotherapy and five received chemotherapy. The median survival for patients with primary tumours was 36 months, and 5-year survival was 44%. Adjuvant therapy was not associated with higher survival rates. CONCLUSION This study re-emphasizes the poor outcome of patients with retroperitoneal STS. Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy do not appear to be any proven benefit and the single most important prognostic factor is aggressive successful en bloc resection of the primary tumour. Our resection rate and 5-year survival rates are comparable with previous reported UK series although lower than large reports from North American centres. This might partly be explained by difficulty in data collection in a retrospective analysis, but may reflect inadequate subspecialization in UK centres.
A traceable physical calibration of the vertical advection‐diffusion equation for modeling ocean heat uptake

The classic vertical advection‐diffusion (VAD) balance is a central concept in studying the ocean heat budget, in particular in simple climate models (SCMs). Here we present a new framework to calibrate the parameters of the VAD equation to the vertical ocean heat balance of two fully‐coupled climate models that is traceable to the models' circulation as well as to vertical mixing and diffusion processes. Based on temperature diagnostics, we derive an effective vertical velocity w∗ and turbulent diffusivity kν∗ for each individual physical process. In steady state, we find that the residual vertical velocity and diffusivity change sign in middepth, highlighting the different regional contributions of isopycnal and diapycnal diffusion in balancing the models' residual advection and vertical mixing. We quantify the impacts of the time evolution of the effective quantities under a transient 1% CO2 simulation and make the link to the parameters of currently employed SCMs.
Reference Frame of the Ventriloquism Aftereffect

Seeing the image of a newscaster on a television set causes us to think that the sound coming from the loudspeaker is actually coming from the screen. How images capture sounds is mysterious because the brain uses different methods for determining the locations of visual versus auditory stimuli. The retina senses the locations of visual objects with respect to the eyes, whereas differences in sound characteristics across the ears indicate the locations of sound sources referenced to the head. Here, we tested which reference frame (RF) is used when vision recalibrates perceived sound locations. Visually guided biases in sound localization were induced in seven humans and two monkeys who made eye movements to auditory or audiovisual stimuli. On audiovisual (training) trials, the visual component of the targets was displaced laterally by 5–6°. Interleaved auditory-only (probe) trials served to evaluate the effect of experience with mismatched visual stimuli on auditory localization. We found that the displaced visual stimuli induced ventriloquism aftereffect in both humans (∼50% of the displacement size) and monkeys (∼25%), but only for locations around the trained spatial region, showing that audiovisual recalibration can be spatially specific. We tested the reference frame in which the recalibration occurs. On probe trials, we varied eye position relative to the head to dissociate head- from eye-centered RFs. Results indicate that both humans and monkeys use a mixture of the two RFs, suggesting that the neural mechanisms involved in ventriloquism occur in brain region(s) using a hybrid RF for encoding spatial information.
Diisonicotinium pentachloridoantimonate(III) monohydrate

In the title compound, (C6H6NO2)2[SbCl5]·H2O, the SbIII atom exhibits a distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular N—H⋯Cl, N—H⋯O, O—H⋯Cl and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming an extended three-dimensional network.
Thyroid hormones are needed to sustain "inappropriately" normal TSH during non-thyroidal illness syndrome: a clinical observation in severely ill patients with primary hypothyroidism.

OBJECTIVES Non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) is a form of hypothyroidism that occurs during illness. NTIS is characterized by low thyroid hormones (TH) level in the serum and tissues, with normal serum TSH levels that are considered "inappropriately" normal. The mechanisms responsible for a lack of increase in serum TSH during NTIS are unknown. However, a decreased expression of hypothalamic TRH has been documented in deceased humans with NTIS. It has been suggested that pro-inflammatory cytokines are responsible for the inhibition of TRH release. If a similar TSH response occurs in severely ill patients with primary hypothyroidism has not been reported. DESIGN Seven severely ill patients with unknown or poorly treated primary hypothyroidism are presented. Serum TSH and TH were measured at admission and during TH replacement. SETTING Tertiary university hospital. RESULTS Besides suffering severe illness, patient's serum TSH was high and decreased once TH replacement was given. Levothyroxine administration was enough to down regulate TSH secretion. Serum reverse T3 (rT3) was normal or high and showed further elevation with stepwise increase in levothyroxine doses. CONCLUSIONS The thyroid axis inhibitory feedback system is fully preserved in primary hypothyroidism during severe illness. In NTIS, serum TSH levels remain within normal limits because the supply of TH to TRH neurons is sustained normally. Pro-inflammatory cytokines does not play a major role inhibiting TRH release during NTIS associated to primary hypothyroidism. D3 activity increases in humans with severe illness, a mechanism behind the increased requirements in TH replacement to achieve normal serum TH.
Vitamin D Deficiency and Pseudofractures in Child-Bearing Egyptian Women: Successful Medical Treatment Helps to Avoid Fractures and Surgical Interference

Background: Recent evidence for the effects of vitamin D and recognition of the high prevalence of its deficiency has increased the interest in it. Vitamin D-sub nutrition may contribute to the risk of a wide range of disorders. Methods: The females in the child-bearing period attending the endocrinology and orthopedic out-patient clinics complaining of pain and/or tenderness at the groin were evaluated. Patients with chronic metabolic or skeletal illness, primary hyperparathyroidism, and patients receiving drugs that interfere with bone mineral metabolisms were excluded. One hundred accepted and consented to participation in the study. All the participants were subjected to full history taking, clinical evaluation, laboratory investigations including serum Ca, Ph, PTH, ALP, TSH, F T4, F T3, Cortisol level, and 25(OH)D level. Plain X-ray was done for the regions of bony tenderness. The subjects were divided into 2 groups based on the presence or absence of pseudo-fractures (looser zones). They were treated and followed up till normalization of the laboratory parameters and healing of the looser zones. Results: The mean age for patients was 30.45 ± 5.8, their mean 25(OH) vitamin D level was 14.7 ± 5.9 ng/ml, the mean PTH was 195.7 ± 162.6, and looser zones were evident in the X-rays of 34 patients. The serum 25(OH)D showed significant negative correlations with veiling, parity, localized hip pain, and tenderness, ALP, PTH, but, a significant positive correlation with sun exposure, dairy products consumption, vitamin D supplementation, and serum calcium levels. The independent factors associated with hypovitaminosis D were the lack of sun exposure, lack of vitamin D supplementation, and the presence of pseudo- fracture (p ≤ 0.009, 0.038, and 0.001 respectively). No surgery was required in any of our patients. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is common in our region. The main risk factors are decreased sun exposure, low dairy products consumption, and lack of vitamin D supplementation. Successful medical treatment may be helpful to satisfy the patient, avoid true fracture and further major surgical treatments.
Reconstructing the History of Harappan civilization

The Harappan Civilization (HC) was spread over large parts of western region of the Indian Subcontinent. Its earliest roots can be found from 7000 BC in Mehrgarh but its peak urban period is around 2500 to 1900 BC. It declined completely by 1300 BC. At its peak, it covered more than 30 per cent of the present landmass of the Indian Subcontinent. Its entire evidence is archaeological. It is classified as proto-historic since in the absence of deciphered written records it is not possible to create a detailed scenario of its evolution (Possehl 1999). From archaeological data, the timeline of HC can be discerned, but the archaeological evidence of individual regions is not detailed enough to permit a systematic study of the rise and fall of HC (cf. Wright 2010). However, a lot of work has been done to understand other cultures and their evolution. We compare the knowledge on the evolution of other cultures (Snooks 2002) and evaluate the archaeological and other data available for HC based on ten parameters (Murdock and Provost 1973) to create a possible scenario of the Harappan Civilization's evolution. We show that the pattern of HC can be divided into four major phases. The first three phases mark an increase in the standard of living triggered by the arrival of a specific organizational change while the fourth phase is marked by a decline due to the society's failure to solve the problem of increasing needs of the civilization because of the delay in arrival of new technologies. BROAD FEATURES OF HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION The Harappan Civilization (HC) at its peak covered an area of about 1.5 million square kilometers (Agrawal 2009: 1). It was spread over
Modeling 4D Human-Object Interactions for Joint Event Segmentation, Recognition, and Object Localization

In this paper, we present a 4D human-object interaction (4DHOI) model for solving three vision tasks jointly: i) event segmentation from a video sequence, ii) event recognition and parsing, and iii) contextual object localization. The 4DHOI model represents the geometric, temporal, and semantic relations in daily events involving human-object interactions. In 3D space, the interactions of human poses and contextual objects are modeled by semantic co-occurrence and geometric compatibility. On the time axis, the interactions are represented as a sequence of atomic event transitions with coherent objects. The 4DHOI model is a hierarchical spatial-temporal graph representation which can be used for inferring scene functionality and object affordance. The graph structures and parameters are learned using an ordered expectation maximization algorithm which mines the spatial-temporal structures of events from RGB-D video samples. Given an input RGB-D video, the inference is performed by a dynamic programming beam search algorithm which simultaneously carries out event segmentation, recognition, and object localization. We collected a large multiview RGB-D event dataset which contains 3,815 video sequences and 383,036 RGB-D frames captured by three RGB-D cameras. The experimental results on three challenging datasets demonstrate the strength of the proposed method.
The Emergence of the Person-Environment Interaction in a Descriptive Study of Vigor in Heart Failure

A descriptive study using between-methods triangulation was conducted to explore perceptions of vigor in heart failure and the role that planned exercise played in these perceptions. Fifty-four people with heart failure were surveyed about perceived health, mental health, physical functioning, and vigor. Average energy expenditure in planned exercise, ventricular function, and exercise tolerance was also measured. A subgroup of 12 provided linguistic data about vigor. Triangulated analysis uncovered the importance of the person-environment interaction to vigor perceptions in heart failure and lent support to the inclusion of this phenomenon as a cornerstone of the nursing paradigm.