Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two Lysines in the Forkhead Domain of Foxp3 Are Key to T Regulatory Cell Function

Background The forkhead box transcription factor, Foxp3, is master regulator of the development and function of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory (Treg) cells that limit autoimmunity and maintain immune homeostasis. The carboxyl-terminal forkhead (FKH) domain is required for the nuclear localization and DNA binding of Foxp3. We assessed how individual FKH lysines contribute to the functions of Foxp3 in Treg cells. Methodology/Principal Findings We found that mutation of FKH lysines at position 382 (K17) and at position 393 (K18) impaired Foxp3 DNA binding and inhibited Treg suppressive function in vivo and in vitro. These lysine mutations did not affect the level of expression of Foxp3 but inhibited IL-2 promoter remodeling and had important and differing effects on Treg-associated gene expression. Conclusions/Significance These data point to complex effects of post-translational modifications at individual lysines within the Foxp3 FKH domain that affect Treg function. Modulation of these events using small molecule inhibitors may allow regulation of Foxp3+ Treg function clinically.
Generalization by Mechanism

Drawing general inferences on the basis of single-case and small-n studies is often seen as problematic. This article suggests a logic of generalization based on thinly rationalistic social mechanisms. Ideal-type mechanisms can be derived from empirical observations in one case and, based on the assumption of thin rationality, used as a generalizing bridge to other contexts with similar actor constellations. Thus, the “portability” builds on expectations about similar mechanisms operating in similar contexts. We present the general logic behind such “rationalistic generalization” and relate it to other ideas about generalization from single-case studies.
Predicting the Demographics of Twitter Users from Website Traffic Data

Understanding the demographics of users of online social networks has important applications for health, marketing, and public messaging. In this paper, we predict the demographics of Twitter users based on whom they follow. Whereas most prior approaches rely on a supervised learning approach, in which individual users are labeled with demographics, we instead create a distantly labeled dataset by collecting audience measurement data for 1,500 websites (e.g., 50% of visitors to gizmodo.com are estimated to have a bachelor's degree). We then fit a regression model to predict these demographics using information about the followers of each website on Twitter. The resulting average held-out correlation is . 77 across six different variables (gender, age, ethnicity, education, income, and child status). We additionally validate the model on a smaller set of Twitter users labeled individually for ethnicity and gender, finding performance that is surprisingly competitive with a fully supervised approach.
MISSING-STIMULUS POTENTIALS ASSOCIATED WITH A DISRUPTION OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION

Cognitive processing associated with the recognition of computer malfunction was examined by recording event-related brain potentials time-locked to voluntary mouse button clicks that did not produce feedback from the computer. Sixteen university students performed a simple stimulus discrimination (oddball) task in auditory and visual modalities. Each button press produced either a target or a standard stimulus, or no stimulus response in some trials (missing stimulus, p=0.2). Biphasic missing-stimulus potentials appeared after the stimulus omission within a latency range of 150 to 550 ms. For both auditory and visual modalities, the initial negative component was dominant at the right temporal site, whereas the following positive component was at the central site. The peak latencies of these potentials were about 30 ms shorter in the auditory than in the visual modality, though the eliciting event was identical (i.e., stimulus omission). Brain potentials after users’ operations may provide an objective and unobtrusive index of users’ expectations in human-computer interaction.
Media, State and Nation: Political Violence and Collective Identities

PART ONE: POLITICAL VIOLENCE AND THE NEWS MEDIA Introduction The Interpretation of Violence 'Terrorism', the Media and the Liberal-Democratic State A Critique of the Orthodoxy The Media Politics of Siege Management The Case of the Iranian Embassy Siege PART TWO: FIGHTING THE OLD IDEOLOGICAL ENEMY Introduction On the Shape and Scope of Counter-Insurgency Thought Some Aspects of Communism as a Cultural Category - with Philip Elliott The Rise and Fall of a Political Slogan - with Philip Elliott The Case of 'Eurocommunism' PART THREE: PROBLEMS OF COLLECTIVE IDENTITY Introduction On National Identity (I) Cultural Politics and the Mediologists On National Identity (II) Collective Identity in Social Theory No Guide for the Perplexed Collective Identities in a Changing Europe
Testosterone Is Associated with Erectile Dysfunction: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chinese Men

Background Testosterone is essential for the regulation of erectile physiology, but the relationship between low testosterone and erectile dysfunction (ED) has not been firmly established. Purpose To examine the association between serum total, free and bio-available testosterone and ED in a population-based sample. Methods A consecutive series of 1776 men aged 20–77 participated in the routine physical examination from September 2009 to December 2009 in Guangxi, China. ED was assessed using the five-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire. Total testosterone (TT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and other biochemical profiles were measured. Free testosterone (FT) and bio-available testosterone (BT) were calculated based on Vermeulen’s formula. Data were collected with regard to smoking, alcoholic drinking, physical activity and metabolic syndrome. Results The prevalence of ED (IIEF-5<22) was 47.6%. Men with ED were significantly older, and more prone to smoke cigarettes (≥20 cigarettes/day) or drink alcohol (≥3 drinks/week), and more likely to have elevated blood pressure (P = 0.036) or hyperglycemia (P<0.001) compared with those without ED. The significant increase in SHBG with age was parallel to its increase with increasing severity of ED (P<0.001). The obscure increase in TT across the ED status was detected without significance (P = 0.418), but TT was positively associated with ED after adjustment for age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.02, 95% CI (confidence internal): 1.00–1.04]. FT and BT were inversely associated with ED (OR = 0.14, 95%CI: 0.06–0.33; OR = 0.92 (95%CI: 0.89–0.96, respectively) in the univariate analysis, and this inverse association appeared to be independent of smoking status, alcoholic drinking, physical activity, hyper-triglyceridemia and hyperglycemia. Conclusions FT and BT are inversely related to worsening ED, whereas the positive association between TT and ED is most likely due to the increase in SHBG.
Repression of interleukin-4 in T helper type 1 cells by Runx/Cbfβ binding to the Il4 silencer

Interferon γ (IFNγ) is the hallmark cytokine produced by T helper type 1 (Th1) cells, whereas interleukin (IL)-4 is the hallmark cytokine produced by Th2 cells. Although previous studies have revealed the roles of cytokine signaling and of transcription factors during differentiation of Th1 or Th2 cells, it is unclear how the exclusive expression pattern of each hallmark cytokine is established. The DNaseI hypersensitivity site IV within the mouse Il4 locus plays an important role in the repression of Il4 expression in Th1 cells, and it has been named the Il4 silencer. Using Cbfβ- or Runx3-deficient T cells, we show that loss of Runx complex function results in derepression of IL-4 in Th1 cells. Binding of Runx complexes to the Il4 silencer was detected in naive CD4+ T cells and Th1 cells, but not in Th2 cells. Furthermore, enforced expression of GATA-3 in Th1 cells inhibited binding of Runx complexes to the Il4 silencer. Interestingly, T cell–specific inactivation of the Cbfβ gene in mice led to elevated serum immunoglobulin E and airway infiltration. These results demonstrate critical roles of Runx complexes in regulating immune responses, at least in part, through the repression of the Il4 gene.
Novel receptor targets for production and action of allopregnanolone in the central nervous system: a focus on pregnane xenobiotic receptor

Neurosteroids are cholesterol-based hormones that can be produced in the brain, independent of secretion from peripheral endocrine glands, such as the gonads and adrenals. A focus in our laboratory for over 25 years has been how production of the pregnane neurosteroid, allopregnanolone, is regulated and the novel (i.e., non steroid receptor) targets for steroid action for behavior. One endpoint of interest has been lordosis, the mating posture of female rodents. Allopregnanolone is necessary and sufficient for lordosis, and the brain circuitry underlying it, such as actions in the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA), has been well-characterized. Published and recent findings supporting a dynamic role of allopregnanolone are included in this review. First, contributions of ovarian and adrenal sources of precursors of allopregnanolone, and the requisite enzymatic actions for de novo production in the central nervous system will be discussed. Second, how allopregnanolone produced in the brain has actions on behavioral processes that are independent of binding to steroid receptors, but instead involve rapid modulatory actions via neurotransmitter targets (e.g., γ-amino butyric acid-GABA, N-methyl-D-aspartate- NMDA) will be reviewed. Third, a recent focus on characterizing the role of a promiscuous nuclear receptor, pregnane xenobiotic receptor (PXR), involved in cholesterol metabolism and expressed in the VTA, as a target for allopregnanolone and how this relates to both actions and production of allopregnanolone will be addressed. For example, allopregnanolone can bind PXR and knocking down expression of PXR in the midbrain VTA attenuates actions of allopregnanolone via NMDA and/or GABAA for lordosis. Our understanding of allopregnanolone’s actions in the VTA for lordosis has been extended to reveal the role of allopregnanolone for broader, clinically-relevant questions, such as neurodevelopmental processes, neuropsychiatric disorders, epilepsy, and aging.
Changing Racial Attitudes in Zimbabwe

This article focuses on racial attitudes in post-colonial Zimbabwe as revealed in letters to the editor, published in one of the country's weekly newspapers from the late 1980s through the 1990s. These data revealed that African authors were the consistent majority during this period and focused on their institutional needs, becoming increasingly critical of their government. White authors, on the other hand, remained the minority and emphasized the maintenance of institutional standards and efficiency, remaining consistently skeptical of the country's Black government. The analysis concludes by addressing the theoretical and policy implications of these results.
Self-Anchoring in the Minimal Group Paradigm: The Impact of Need and Ability to Achieve Cognitive Structure

A study is reported that focused on the role of self-anchoring in the definition of social groups. We assumed that group members give meaning to a novel ingroup by defining it as similar to the self. Moreover, the need and ability to engage in cognitive structuring should affect this process. A minimal group study in which self, ingroup and outgroup evaluations were obtained supported these hypotheses. Regression analysis revealed that self-evaluations predicted ingroup evaluations, but that this effect was qualified by an interaction with ability and need for cognitive structuring. Participants high both in the need for cognitive structure and the ability to achieve cognitive structure relied most heavily on the self as a heuristic for ingroup evaluations.
Identity Style and Relationship Quality for Pregnant Cohabitating Couples During the Transition to Parenthood

In this study, we tested the association between identity formation and intimacy formation in a diverse sample of pregnant cohabitating couples (N = 127 individuals). Using S. K. Whitbourne's identity process theory, we examined how identity style (balanced, accommodative, assimilative) is associated with various aspects of relationship quality. As hypothesized, a balanced identity style (ability to maintain self-stability while retaining flexibility) is associated with positive relationship quality (higher relational maintenance), whereas an accommodative identity style (reliance on external sources of authority for inner guidance) is associated with negative relationship quality (lower commitment, lower satisfaction, lower love, higher conflict, higher ambivalence). Consistent with E. H. Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, individuals high on accommodative identity style report difficulty negotiating many aspects of their romantic relationship, a pattern that may serve to exacerbate the stress typically associated with the transition to parenthood for cohabiting couples.
Dynamic Music Factors in Mood Change

THIS article is from the manuscript of an address delivered by the national chairman of the MENC Committee on Functional Music at the Functional Music Forum, March 21, at the St. Louis Biennial Convention. Dr. Gaston is professor of music education and chairman of the department at the University of Kansas, Lawrence.
Coordinate late expression of trefoil peptide genes (pS2/TFF1 and ITF/TFF3) in human breast, colon, and gastric tumor cells exposed to X-rays.

The trefoil factors (TFFs) are pleiotropic factors involved in organization and homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract, estrogen responsiveness, inflammatory disorders, and carcinogenesis. In an earlier study using cDNA array technologies to identify new genes expressed in irradiated cell survivors, we isolated a cDNA clone corresponding to the reported human TFF1 gene (E. K. Balcer-Kubiczek et al., Int. J. Radiat. Biol., 75: 529-541, 1999). To determine whether expression of other TFFs is altered by ionizing radiation, we quantified changes in expression of TFF3 as well as TFF1 in RNA samples obtained from irradiated and control human tumor breast, colon, and gastric tumor cells and examined expression kinetics up to 2 weeks after irradiation. X-ray-induced TFF1 and TFF3 expression profiles were compared with those induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or 17beta-estradiol (ES). The results revealed that TFF1 and TFF3 mRNA are coinduced by X-irradiation in a subset of the lines, but substantial heterogeneity in their responses was observed in cells derived from a single cell type. TFF1 and TFF3 transcriptional response to X-irradiation differed from that to H2O2 or ES in the timing of their induction as well as tissue-type dependence, i.e., their induction pattern after X-irradiation was late and sustained, whereas their induction by H2O2 or ES was early and transient. TFF1 mRNA, protein production in the cytoplasm, and secretion in the culture supernatant were coordinately regulated after X-irradiation. There was no requirement for TP53 in this induction. These results demonstrate the existence of a novel class of radiation-responsive genes that might be involved in bystander effects.
Mediated Multiculturalism: Newspaper Representations of Sudanese Migrants in Australia

While multiculturalism has been central to the Australian political and social landscape since the 1970s, it has been recently challenged, with the (re)emergence of discourses of ‘social cohesion’ and ‘integration’. In this paper, we engage with these contests by focusing on newspaper coverage of Sudanese Australians around the time of the 2007 Federal Election. We ask: how did the Australian print media represent Sudanese people during this period? In addition, what do such representations suggest about contemporary media discourses around multiculturalism? Drawing on a content analysis of 203 newspaper articles published in The Age, The Herald Sun and The Australian, we argue that dominant media discourses are both influenced by and contribute to integrationist agendas that situate Sudanese Australians as outsiders to the Australian mainstream, thereby providing a significant challenge to contemporary multiculturalism.
Formation of membrane ridges and scallops by the F-BAR protein Nervous Wreck

Nwk is a neuronal F-BAR/SH3 protein that deforms membranes into positively curved ridges using a novel zigzag assembly of the crescent-shaped F-BAR domain. Membrane between adjacent ridges forms a negatively curved scallop that can be amplified by the cytoskeleton into cellular protrusions.
Setting the Agenda: Author Index

1. Introduction Part I. Why Party Government? : 2. Procedural Cartel theory Part II. Negative Agenda Power: 3. Cartel agenda model vs. floor agenda model 4. The primacy of Reed's rules in house organization 5. Final passage votes 6. The costs of agenda control 7. The textbook congress and the committee on rules 8. The bills reported from committee 9. Which way does policy move? Part III. The Consequences of Positive Agenda Power and Conditional Party Government: 10. Positive agenda power 11. Conclusion.
Personality similarity, perceptual accuracy, and relationship satisfaction in dating and married couples

The association between actual and perceptual personality similarity and perceptual accuracy on relationship satisfaction is examined in 191 couples. Self- and partner ratings of personality were assessed using the NEO-PI-R (Costa & McCrae, 1992) and relationship satisfaction using the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS; Hendrick, Dicke, & Hendrick, 1998). Actual and perceptual similarity and perceptual accuracy were quantified using the index of profile agreement (McCrae; 1993) and Cronbach and Gleser’s (1953) D-indices. These indices showed large variability in personality profiles within couples and considerable perceptual accuracy between raters. Actual similarity was positively associated with female relationship satisfaction, controlling for personality traits of both partners. Moreover, partial support was obtained for the positive associations between perceptual similarity and accuracy and relationship satisfaction.
Emotion Knowledge, Emotion Utilization, and Emotion Regulation

This article suggests a way to circumvent some of the problems that follow from the lack of consensus on a definition of emotion (Izard, 2010; Kleinginna & Kleinginna, 1981) and emotion regulation (Cole, Martin, & Dennis, 2004) by adopting a conceptual framework based on discrete emotions theory and focusing on specific emotions. Discrete emotions theories assume that neural, affective, and cognitive processes differ across specific emotions and that each emotion has particular motivational and regulatory functions. Thus, efforts at regulation should target the specific dysregulated emotions. The positive effects of emotion regulation are more likely to be optimized when they result from or lead to emotion utilization—the constructive use of the energy of emotion arousal. Effective processes for regulation differ for basic emotions and emotion schemas. This article identifies neural systems that facilitate emotion experiences and emotion regulation processes. It considers the implications of the developmental change from basic emotions to emotion schemas, and also briefly discusses the effects of interventions on changes in emotion knowledge, emotion regulation, and social and emotional competence.
An Educational Programming Framework for a Subset of Students With Diverse Learning Needs

Students with intelligence test scores between 70 and 85 frequently fall into the gap between general and special education. Students with borderline intellectual functioning are a large population at-risk for school failure. Recent educational trends (e.g., the use of response to intervention models of special education eligibility, implementation of inclusive education, and the accountability components of No Child Left Behind) have increased awareness and may serve as a catalyst for improving the education of students with borderline intellectual functioning. However, students currently receive few supportive educational services. An educational programming framework is developed for improving the education of students with borderline intellectual functioning in response to recent educational trends. Effective instructional practices can build academic resilience skills to ameliorate the important, but often-ignored, risk factor of borderline intellectual functioning.
Protograph-based LDPC codes for partial response channels

This paper addresses the design of a protograph-based LDPC code which can approach the independent and uniformly distributed (i.u.d.) capacity of partial response channels. We propose a method to calculate the iterative decoding threshold of a joint graph between a protograph and the state structure of a partial response channel using the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart. We then describe a simple method to search for a protograph code whose threshold is close to the i.u. d. capacity limit. This new class of codes is needed because experiments show a protograph that is capacity approaching in the AWGN channel may not perform well in partial response channels. In particular, protographs with punctured nodes are often used to produce good AWGN codes, but they perform poorly with the BCJR equalizer. Numerical results support our analysis.
Predictive sulfur metabolism – a field in flux

The key role of sulfur metabolites in response to biotic and abiotic stress in plants, as well as their importance in diet and health has led to a significant interest and effort in trying to understand and manipulate the production of relevant compounds. Metabolic engineering utilizes a set of theoretical tools to help rationally design modifications that enhance the production of a desired metabolite. Such approaches have proven their value in bacterial systems, however, the paucity of success stories to date in plants, suggests that challenges remain. Here, we review the most commonly used methods for understanding metabolic flux, focusing on the sulfur assimilatory pathway. We highlight known issues with both experimental and theoretical approaches, as well as presenting recent methods for integrating different modeling strategies, and progress toward an understanding of flux at the whole plant level.
Response of a steady-state critical wedge orogen to changes in climate and tectonic forcing

The theories of critical orogenic wedges and fluvial erosion are combined to explore the interactions between tectonics, erosion, and climate. A model framework is developed which allows the derivation of an exact analytical scaling relationship for how orogen width, height, and rock uplift rate varies as a function of accretionary flux and precipitation rate. Compared to a model with prescribed uplift rate, incorporating the tectonic response introduces a powerful negative feedback on the orogen, which strongly damps the systems equilibrium response to changes in forcing. Furthermore, for the most commonly assumed forms of the fluvial erosion law, the orogen is more sensitive to changes in the accretionary flux than in the precipitation rate. And while increases in accretionary flux and precipitation rate both cause an increase in exhumation rate, they have opposite tendencies on the orogen relief. Further analysis shows that the pattern of rock uplift does not affect the scaling relationship and that it is only weakly dependent on the hillslope condition.