Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variable Mate-Guarding Time and Sperm Allocation by Male Snow Crabs (Chionoecetes opilio) in Response to Sexual Competition, and their Impact on the Mating Success of Females

Two laboratory experiments investigated mate guarding and sperm allocation patterns of adult males with virgin females of the snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio, in relation to sex ratio. Although females outnumbered males in treatments, operational sex ratios were male-biased because females mature asynchronously and have a limited period of sexual attractiveness after their maturity molt. Males guarded females significantly longer as the sex ratio increased: the mean time per female was 2.9 d in a 2♂:20♀ treatment compared to 5.6 d in a 6♂:20♀ treatment. Female injury and mortality scaled positively to sex ratio. Males that guarded for the greatest number of days were significantly larger, and at experiment’s end had significantly smaller vasa deferentia, suggesting greater sperm expense, than males that guarded for fewer days. In both experiments, the spermathecal load (SL)—that is, the quantity of ejaculate stored in a female’s spermatheca—was independent of molt date, except in the most female-biased treatment, where it was negatively related. The SL increased as the sex ratio increased, mainly because females accumulated more ejaculates. However, similarly sized males had smaller vasa deferentia and passed smaller ejaculates, such that, at a given sex ratio, the mean SL was 55% less in one experiment than in the other. Some females extruded clutches with few or no fertilized eggs, and their median SL (3–4 mg) was one order of magnitude smaller than that of females with well-fertilized clutches (31–50 mg), indicating sperm limitation. Males economized sperm: all females irrespective of sex ratio were inseminated, but to a varying extent submaximally; each ejaculate represented less than 2.5% of male sperm reserves; and no male was fully exhausted of sperm. Sperm economy is predicted by sperm competition theory for species like snow crab in which polyandry exists, mechanisms of last-male sperm precedence are effective, and the probability that one male fertilizes a female’s lifetime production of eggs is small.
Low-Interference Topology Control for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Topology control has been well studied in wireless ad hoc networks. However, only a few topology control methods take into account the low interference as a goal of the methods. Some researchers tried to reduce the interference by lowering node energy consumption (i.e. by reducing the transmission power) or by devising low degree topology controls, but none of those protocols can guarantee low interference. Recently, Burkhart et al. [? ] proposed several methods to construct topologies whose maximum link interference is minimized while the topology is connected or is a spanner for Euclidean length. In this paper we give algorithms to construct a network topology for wireless ad hoc network such that the maximum (or average) link (or node) interference of the topology is either minimized or approximately minimized.
DOES CULTURAL STUDIES HAVE FUTURES? SHOULD IT? (OR WHAT'S THE MATTER WITH NEW YORK?)

This paper examines the state of cultural studies, primarily in the United States and Northern Europe. Arguing for a radically contextualist and conjuncturalist understanding of the project of cultural studies, it suggests that cultural studies emerged in particular forms as a response to a particular geo-historical conjuncture. However, while the conjuncture has changed significantly, these older forms of cultural studies have congealed into a ‘‘center’’ that has limited its ability to contribute to a better understanding of ‘‘what's going on,’’ of the possible future and the realities and possibilities of both domination and contestation. The paper suggests an understanding of the present conjuncture as a struggle, from both the right and the left, against liberal modernity and the attempt to shape an alternative modernity as the future. It suggests some of the ways cultural studies might have to rethink itself if it is to respond to this conjuncture.
Multitarget detection and tracking using multi-sensor passive acoustic data

This paper describes a Bayesian approach to detecting and tracking multiple moving targets using acoustic data from multiple passive arrays. Traditional undersea acoustic systems develop tracks at the single array level, requiring track association between nodes with nonlinear projections from measurement space to target space. In contrast, our nonlinear filtering approach fuses data at the measurement level and operates directly in the target state space. As such, this approach directly addresses both the nonlinear sensor to target state coupling as well as the ambiguities caused by bearings-only nature of the passive regime. In particular, our method better addresses these challenges by combining high-fidelity physics-based sensor statistical modeling, an innovative nonlinear Bayesian filter, and a unique method of handing the computational implementation.
Herschel imaging of the dust in the Helix Nebula (NGC 7293)

In our series of papers presenting the Herschel imaging of evolved planetary nebulae, we present images of the dust distribution in the Helix nebula (NGC 7293). Images at 70, 160, 250, 350, and 500 micron were obtained with the PACS and SPIRE instruments on board the Herschel satellite. The broadband maps show the dust distribution over the main Helix nebula to be clumpy and predominantly present in the barrel wall. We determined the spectral energy distribution of the main nebula in a consistent way using Herschel, IRAS, and Planck flux values. The emissivity index of 0.99 +/- 0.09, in combination with the carbon rich molecular chemistry of the nebula, indicates that the dust consists mainly of amorphous carbon. The dust excess emission from the central star disk is detected at 70 micron and the flux measurement agree with previous measurement. We present the temperature and dust column density maps. The total dust mass across the Helix nebula (without its halo) is determined to be 0.0035 solar mass at a distance of 216 pc. The temperature map shows dust temperatures between 22 and 42 K, which is similar to the kinetic temperature of the molecular gas, strengthening the fact that the dust and gas co-exist in high density clumps. Archived images are used to compare the location of the dust emission in the far infrared (Herschel) with the ionized (GALEX, Hbeta) and molecular hydrogen component. The different emission components are consistent with the Helix consisting of a thick walled barrel-like structure inclined to the line of sight. The radiation field decreases rapidly through the barrel wall.
An Introduction to Legal Reasoning

This volume will be of interest and value to students of logic, ethics, and political philosophy, as well as to members of the legal profession and to everyone concerned with problems of government and jurisprudence. By citing a large number of cases, the author makes his presentation of the proceses of judicial interpretation particularly lucid.
Why reduced seed production is not necessarily translated into successful biological weed control.

Insects introduced as biological control agents of diffuse knapweed, Centaurea diffusa, primarily reduce seed production. Knapweed densities appear to be resilient to greatly reduced seed production. We have used measurements of seedling density and survival, and production of seeds by flowering diffuse knapweed plants to develop functions for a model of knapweed populations. These simulations show that improved seedling survival can compensate for reduced seed production. The model indicates that the introduction of seed predators may even increase plant density under some relationships between seedling density and survival, and flowering plant density and seed production. We suggest that it is important to demonstrate that weeds are seed limited before introducing exotic herbivores whose impact is to reduce seed numbers. Successful biological control of knapweed may be achieved by insect herbivores that increase the mortality of later growth stages of plants such as the rosette stage for which survival is not as strongly related to density. Knapweed is likely to be typical of invasive weeds with high seed production and this study suggests that seed feeders are not likely to be successful control agents for most weeds.
Modulation of Muscle Atrophy, Fatigue and MLC Phosphorylation by MuRF1 as Indicated by Hindlimb Suspension Studies on MuRF1-KO Mice

MuRF1 is a member of the TRIM/RBCC superfamily, a gene family that encompasses a large variety of proteins, all sharing the conserved TRIM (Tripartite Motive) sequential array of RING, B-box, and coiled-coil domains. Within this family, MuRF1(also named TRIM63) is a specialized member that contributes to the development of muscle atrophy and sarcopenia. Here we studied MuRF1's role in muscle atrophy during muscle unloading induced by hindlimb suspension. Consistent with previous studies, we found that MuRF1 inactivation leads to an attenuated muscle atrophy response. The amount of protection was higher as compared to the denervation model, and within the 10 day-suspension period the soleus muscle was spared from atrophy in MuRF1-KO mice. Contractility studies on hindlimb suspended muscle tissues suggested that MuRF1's functions extend beyond muscle trophicity and implicate MuRF1 in muscle fatigue and MLC phosphorylation control: soleus muscle from MuRF1-KO mice fatigued significantly faster and in addition showed a reduced posttetanic twitch potentiation. Thus the present work further established the role of MuRF1 in muscle atrophy and for the first time shows that MuRF1 plays a role in muscle fatigue and twitch potentiation.
Spontaneous involution of a Rathke's cleft cyst in a patient with normal cortisol secretion

Background: Rathke's cleft cyst (RCC) is a lesion derived from maldeveloped remnants of a dorsal invagination of the stomodeal ectoderm (Rathke's pouch). Although commonly found on autopsy, these lesions rarely become symptomatic during an individual's lifetime. When symptoms occur, they most often include headaches, visual disturbances, and/or varying degrees of hypopituitarism. The natural history remains unclear. The current standard of care includes surgical drainage and biopsy of the cyst wall or surgical resection of symptomatic lesions; however, debate exists regarding the management of asymptomatic lesions. Rare reports of spontaneously resolving RCC can be found in the literature. Case Description: We describe the management of a case of RCC in an 8½-year-old girl who presented with a history of growth deceleration since 4 years of age and near-growth arrest since 7 years of age. Her parents also described a tendency towards polydipsia since she was 2 years of age. Endocrine evaluation revealed growth hormone deficiency, central hypothyroidism, and diabetes insipidus, but normal cortisol secretion. The patient experienced no symptoms characteristic of intracranial or sellar mass. Neurologic examination was normal; formal ophthalmologic examination revealed no deficits. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was consistent with RCC. The patient was treated medically for her hormone deficiencies. Over the next year, her sellar mass spontaneously involuted. Twenty-seven months after her initial presentation to our clinic, imaging revealed no sellar mass; the patient remained on hormone replacement therapy. Conclusion: Although the natural history of RCC requires further study, observation with serial MRI may be an acceptable management strategy in the absence of debilitating symptoms.
A comparison of moral reasoning and moral orientation of American and Turkish university students.

This study compares American and Turkish male and female university students in terms of moral orientation (justice and care) and Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning to examine the influence of culture and gender on moral development. A total of 324 undergraduate students between the ages of 18 and 46 are administered the Defining Issues Test (DIT) and the Measure of Moral Orientation (MMO). Statistical analyses indicate Turkish participants reflect more postconventional reasoning, while American participants reflect more conventional reasoning, particularly Stage 4 reasoning. Analyses also reveal Turkish participants reflect significantly more care orientation and more justice orientation compared to American participants. These findings are discussed in terms of cultural and gender influences in moral decision-making.
Positive and Negative Emotions within the Organizational Context

This paper is a theoretical study based on information from the literature on emotions in organizations seeking the following aspects: conceptual clarification and definition of emotions, presenting the main interpretive-explanatory theoretical models depending on which analysis is performed, and highlighting the main causes associated with the appearance of emotions. In this paper we present some of the theories which outlines general conceptual framework used in addressing emotions. The second part of the paper is centered on the analysis of eight emotions, four positive emotions (joy, happiness, gratitude and well-being) and four negative emotions (anger, fear, envy and jealousy). Descriptive picture follows the main indicators of emotions in terms of intensity or level of activation, hedonic tone, duration, direction, expression, motivational value and cognitive value. The last part of the paper contains some general considerations on emotion management in organizations.
Analytical Concepts for Reactive Power Based Primary Frequency Control in Power Systems

This paper introduces a novel idea for adding virtual inertia in power systems by controlling the frequency swing dynamics through voltage channel. The purpose is to develop a frequency-based supplementary VAR modulation to assist governor action during power imbalance events. In this aim, we propose a two-band power system stabilizer, tuned for very low-frequency common swing mode, to adaptively adjust reference voltage of a Synchronous Condenser (SC) and modulate its reactive power on a second-by-second basis. The feasibility of this idea is supported by theoretical and simulation evidences. From theoretical side, we formulate a computational procedure to measure the degree of control impact, accompanied by sensitivity analyses around varying operating points. On the simulation side, we perform extensive studies on four well-known IEEE multi-machine test systems. The results show that VAR modulation by SC has a considerable impact on the minimum post-contingency frequency (frequency nadir), even more than so-called load modulation methods in some cases, which in fact has not been given enough attention in the past. In addition, we show that the proposed method can aid governors to improve primary frequency response particularly in low inertia power systems by reducing post-event frequency settling time and bias.
Conversion Efficiency Improvement of InGaN/GaN Multiple-Quantum-Well Solar Cells With Ex Situ AlN Nucleation Layer

The crystal quality, electrical, and optical characteristics of GaN solar cells (SCs) were improved using ex situ AlN nucleation layer. Replacing the in situ GaN nucleation layer with the sputtered ex situ AlN nucleation layer reduced the total dislocation density of GaN layer from 3.7 × 108 to 2.2 × 108 cm-2. The dislocation density reduction of GaN with sputtered ex situ AlN nucleation could suppress the reverse leakage current and the forward recombination current in low forward voltage range of SCs, and thus can increase shortcircuit current density (Jsc) and open-circuit voltage (Voc) of the SCs. A 1-sun power conversion efficiency (η%) of SCs with ex situ AlN nucleation (1.89%) showed an enhancement of 26% compared with that of conventional SC (1.50%). Furthermore, the 100-sun η% of SCs with ex situ AlN nucleation (1.97%) showed 18% improvement compared with that of conventional SC (1.67%).
Whooping cough caused by Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis in an immunized population.

CONTEXT The prevalence of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis infections among outpatients in an immunized population is not known. OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of these infections in outpatients with paroxysmal cough in Finland, where the pertussis vaccine coverage of 4 doses is 98%. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Thirty-two health centers in southwestern Finland. PATIENTS A total of 584 patients with paroxysmal cough seen at local health centers from October 1994 through March 1997 from whom nasopharyngeal swabs were collected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of positive cultures for B pertussis or B parapertussis and/or positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results and frequency of symptoms in those with pertussis and parapertussis. RESULTS A total of 153 subjects (26.2%) had Bordetella infection by culture or PCR: 93 (60.8%) had B pertussis infection, 49 (32.0%) had B parapertussis infection, and 1 1 (7.2%) had both. Of these cases, 39 (25.5%) had positive cultures and 95 (62.1%) had positive PCR results for B pertussis, and 19 (12.4%) had positive cultures and 55 (35.9%) had positive PCR results for B parapertussis. At the time of diagnosis, no difference was found in the frequency of symptoms between patients with B parapertussis infection and those with B pertussis infection. Bordetella parapertussis infection was as common as B pertussis infection in children before school entry, whereas in schoolchildren and adults, B pertussis infection was more common than B parapertussis infection (P<.001). CONCLUSION Bordetella infections are common in an immunized population, and B parapertussis infections apparently are more prevalent than previously documented.
Kant's critical philosophy : the doctrine of the faculties

Preface Translator's Introduction Abbreviations Introduction: The Transcendental Method 1. The Relationship of the Faculties in the Critique of Pure Reason 2. The Relationship of the Faculties in the Critique of Practical Reason 3. The Relationship of the Faculties in the Critique of Judgement Conclusion: The Ends of Reason Notes Index.
College student attendance: impact of instructor immediacy and verbal aggression

This study examined the attendance behaviors of undergraduate students. Much of the existing literature had focusesd on student variables in determining attendance in the classroom. In the present study, the focus was on students' perceptions of instructor behaviors instead. Students completed questionnaires and reported their own attendance in class, as well as their perceptions of their instructor's nonverbal immediacy and verbal aggression. Results indicated that perceived teacher immediacy was positively related to student attendance in class, whereas perceived instructor verbal aggressiveness was inversely related to attendance. This study implies that teachers have the power to improve student attendance patterns by altering certain of their communicative behaviors.
Breast cancer: a case for conservation.

Breast cancer: a case for conservation Sir Reginald Murley, FRCS . 984 Cancer of the cervix and screening Dayantha S Fernando, MRCGP . 985 Non-smoking wives of heavy smokers have a higher risk of lung cancer G H Miller, PHD; M Rutsch, MD. 985 Levodopa: long-term impact on Parkinson's disease D M A Mann, PHD, and P 0 Yates, FRCPATH 985 Prognosis of patients with "chest pain ? cause" D J Maberly, FRACP; J A C Thorpe, FRCS; P Bechgaard, MD; R T D FitzGerald, MB. 986 Chest pain and cardiac arrest P G P Lawler, FFARCS; J M Rawles, MRcP and others; A D Redmond, MD. 987 The pacing industry DB Shaw,MD . 987 Legionella pneumophila and water systems H Gordon, MFCM; R J Fallon, FRCPATH . 988 A question of life and death Jane Riley, BSC; R M McFadzean, FRCSED. 988 Drug prevention of malaria A W Woodruff, FRCP, and others; G Y Caldwell, MB . 988 Group R streptococcal infection M R Clements, MRCP, and D V Hamilton, . mcP . 989 Recurrent renal calculi W Brumfitt, FRCPATH, and others. 989 Haemophilus influenzae endophthalmitis K R F Boomla, MRcp, and R P Quilliam, MRCP . 989 Statistics and ethics in medical research J Dobbing, FRCPATH; D G Altman, BSC. 990 Impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes-WHO criteria R J Jarrett, MD . 990 Facial palsy B W Lewis, MRCP; R S Trompeter, MRCP. 990 Secretory otitis media and grommets P K Schutte, MRCGP . 991 Effect of a low pertussis vaccination uptake on a large community J Wilson,FRCP . 991 Status epilepticus treated by barbiturate anaesthesia A W Logie, MRCP, and Pamela S Christian
Research Note - Privacy Concerns and Privacy-Protective Behavior in Synchronous Online Social Interactions

Privacy is of prime importance to many individuals when they attempt to develop online social relationships. Nonetheless, it has been observed that individuals' behavior is at times inconsistent with their privacy concerns, e.g., they disclose substantial private information in synchronous online social interactions, even though they are aware of the risks involved. Drawing on the hyperpersonal framework and the privacy calculus perspective, this paper elucidates the interesting roles of privacy concerns and social rewards in synchronous online social interactions by examining the causes and the behavioral strategies that individuals utilize to protect their privacy. An empirical study involving 251 respondents was conducted in online chat rooms. Our results indicate that individuals utilize both self-disclosure and misrepresentation to protect their privacy and that social rewards help explain why individuals may not behave in accordance with their privacy concerns. In addition, we find that perceived anonymity of others and perceived intrusiveness affect both privacy concerns and social rewards. Our findings also suggest that higher perceived anonymity of self decreases individuals' privacy concerns, and higher perceived media richness increases social rewards. Generally, this study contributes to the information systems literature by integrating the hyperpersonal framework and the privacy calculus perspective to identify antecedents of privacy trade-off and predict individuals' behavior in synchronous online social interactions.
Social motivation: Interpersonal relationships in the school environment and children's early school adjustment: The role of teachers and peers

Young children face many challenges as they attempt to adjust to new school environments, including adapting to classroom routines, performing increasingly difficult academic tasks, and negotiating the complexities of interpersonal relationships with classmates and teachers. Although children's success at negotiating these challenges may be affected by many factors, most investigators have focussed on “internal” and organismic characteristics of the child when attempting to account for early school adjustment outcomes (e.g., gender, mental age, behavioral styles; see Ladd & Kochenderfer, 1996). Further, researchers have historically defined school adjustment in terms of children's academic progress or achievement. For this reason, much of what we know about the precursors of early school adjustment has come from research on the socialization of children's cognitive skills (e.g., Lazar & Darlington, 1982). One consequence of this research tradition is that the construct of school adjustment has been defined rather narrowly, and the search for its determinants has been restricted. To address these limitations, we have attempted to elaborate upon earlier models of school adjustment in terms of (a) the hypothesized precursors of school adjustment and (b) the conceptualization of school adjustment itself (see Ladd, 1989; 1996). As illustrated in Figure 9.1, our model is based, in part, on the assumption that successful school adjustment originates both in the child (e.g., personality and behavioral styles) as well as in the interpersonal environment (e.g., the nature of his or her relationships with parents, teachers, and peers).