Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hepatocellular Adenoma: Evaluation with Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and MRI and Correlation with Pathologic and Phenotypic Classification in 26 Lesions

Purpose. To review the contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic (CEUS) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in 25 patients with 26 hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) and to compare imaging features with histopathologic results from resected specimen considering the new immunophenotypical classification. Material and Methods. Two abdominal radiologists reviewed retrospectively CEUS cineloops and MR images in 26 HCA. All pathological specimens were reviewed and classified into four subgroups (steatotic or HNF 1α mutated, inflammatory, atypical or β-catenin mutated, and unspecified). Inflammatory infiltrates were scored, steatosis, and telangiectasia semiquantitatively evaluated. Results. CEUS and MRI features are well correlated: among the 16 inflammatory HCA, 7/16 presented typical imaging features: hypersignal T2, strong arterial enhancement with a centripetal filling, persistent on delayed phase. 6 HCA were classified as steatotic with typical imaging features: a drop out signal, slight arterial enhancement, vanishing on late phase. Four HCA were classified as atypical with an HCC developed in one. Five lesions displayed important steatosis (>50%) without belonging to the HNF1α group. Conclusion. In half cases, inflammatory HCA have specific imaging features well correlated with the amount of telangiectasia and inflammatory infiltrates. An HCA with important amount of steatosis noticed on chemical shift images does not always belong to the HNF1α group.
Lactate, a product of glycolytic metabolism, inhibits histone deacetylase activity and promotes changes in gene expression

Chemical inhibitors of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity are used as experimental tools to induce histone hyperacetylation and deregulate gene transcription, but it is not known whether the inhibition of HDACs plays any part in the normal physiological regulation of transcription. Using both in vitro and in vivo assays, we show that lactate, which accumulates when glycolysis exceeds the cell’s aerobic metabolic capacity, is an endogenous HDAC inhibitor, deregulating transcription in an HDAC-dependent manner. Lactate is a relatively weak inhibitor (IC50 40 mM) compared to the established inhibitors trichostatin A and butyrate, but the genes deregulated overlap significantly with those affected by low concentrations of the more potent inhibitors. HDAC inhibition causes significant up and downregulation of genes, but genes that are associated with HDAC proteins are more likely to be upregulated and less likely to be downregulated than would be expected. Our results suggest that the primary effect of HDAC inhibition by endogenous short-chain fatty acids like lactate is to promote gene expression at genes associated with HDAC proteins. Therefore, we propose that lactate may be an important transcriptional regulator, linking the metabolic state of the cell to gene transcription.
Inverse relationship between scores on the quality of life questionnaire SF-12 and on the Aging Males' Symptoms scale in Italian men

Objectives. To analyse the relation between results of the Aging Males' Symptoms (AMS) questionnaire for aging males, and of quality of life (QOL) questionnaire SF-12 and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods. 1,927 men aged 55–85 years were interviewed by 56 general practitioners. During the interview the men were asked to fill in the AMS scale and the QOL questionnaire SF-12. Results. Of 1,927 men 1,806 men filled correctly the AMS questionnaire. The mean SF-12 mental index was respectively 55.9 in men with a total AMS score indicating no impairment, 50.9 mild, 42.8 moderate, and 32.8 severe impairment. The corresponding values for the physical index were 51.2, 46.7, 40.8 and 32.3. A history of diabetes was associated with an increased risk of reporting moderate/severe impairment: in relation to the total AMS score the odds ratio, (OR), of moderate/severe impairment in comparison with no impairment was 1.6 (95%CI 1.2–2.1). A history of myocardial infarction and hypertension increased the risk (respectively OR 1.4 (95%CI 1.1–18) and 1.7 (95%CI 1.2–2.4)). Conclusions. This study shows that higher AMS scores are associated with lower SF-12 indices and suggests that elevated values of the AMS score are associated with cardiovascular risk factors or diseases.
Autophagy and apoptosis: parent-of-origin genome-dependent mechanisms of cellular self-destruction

Functional genomic imprinting is necessary for the transfer of maternal resources to mammalian embryos. Imprint-free embryos are unable to establish a viable placental vascular network necessary for the transfer of resources such as nutrients and oxygen. How the parental origin of inherited genes influences cellular response to resource limitation is currently not well understood. Because such limitations are initially realized by the placenta, we studied how maternal and paternal genomes influence the cellular self-destruction responses of this organ specifically. Here, we show that cellular autophagy is prevalent in androgenetic (i.e. having only a paternal genome) placentae, while apoptosis is prevalent in parthenogenetic (i.e. having only a maternal genome) placentae. Our findings indicate that the parental origin of inherited genes determines the placenta's cellular death pathway: autophagy for androgenotes and apoptosis for parthenogenotes. The difference in time of arrest between androgenotes and parthenogenotes can be attributed, at least in part, to their placentae's selective use of these two cell death pathways. We anticipate our findings to be a starting point for general studies on the parent-of-origin regulation of autophagy. Furthermore, our work opens the door to new studies on the involvement of autophagy in pathologies of pregnancy in which the restricted transfer of maternal resources is diagnosed.
ViS3: an algorithm for video quality assessment via analysis of spatial and spatiotemporal slices

Abstract. Algorithms for video quality assessment (VQA) aim to estimate the qualities of videos in a manner that agrees with human judgments of quality. Modern VQA algorithms often estimate video quality by comparing localized space-time regions or groups of frames from the reference and distorted videos, using comparisons based on visual features, statistics, and/or perceptual models. We present a VQA algorithm that estimates quality via separate estimates of perceived degradation due to (1) spatial distortion and (2) joint spatial and temporal distortion. The first stage of the algorithm estimates perceived quality degradation due to spatial distortion; this stage operates by adaptively applying to groups of spatial video frames the two strategies from the most apparent distortion algorithm with an extension to account for temporal masking. The second stage of the algorithm estimates perceived quality degradation due to joint spatial and temporal distortion; this stage operates by measuring the dissimilarity between the reference and distorted videos represented in terms of two-dimensional spatiotemporal slices. Finally, the estimates obtained from the two stages are combined to yield an overall estimate of perceived quality degradation. Testing on various video-quality databases demonstrates that our algorithm performs well in predicting video quality and is competitive with current state-of-the-art VQA algorithms.
The orbits of open clusters in the Galaxy

We present and analyse the kinematics and orbits for a sample of 488 open clusters (OCs) in the Galaxy. The velocity ellipsoid for our present sample is derived as (σU, σV , σW ) = (28.7, 15.8, 11.0) km s −1 which represents a young thin-disc population. We also confirm that the velocity dispersions increase with the age of a cluster subsample. The orbits of OCs are calculated with three Galactic gravitational potential models. The errors of orbital parameters are also calculated considering the intrinsic variation of the orbital parameters and the effects of observational uncertainties. The observational uncertainties dominate the errors of derived orbital parameters. The vertical motions of clusters calculated using different Galactic disc models are rather different. The observed radial metallicity gradient of clusters is derived with a slope of b =− 0.070 ± 0.011 dex kpc −1 . The radial metallicity gradient of clusters based on their apogalactic distances is also derived with a slope of b =− 0.082 ± 0.014 dex kpc −1 . T he distribution of derived orbital eccentricities for OCs is very similar to that derived for the field population of dwarfs and giants in the thin disc.
Incidence of colorectal adenocarcinoma by anatomic subsite

Colorectal adenocarcinoma may represent more than one disease process. Numerous epidemiologic studies suggest that rates of occurrence of colorectal adenocarcinoma at particular anatomic subsites (e.g., right colon, left colon, and rectum) may be associated with distinctive geographic, demographic, and risk factor profiles. This study explored time trends over a 22‐year period of the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum at various subsites among patients of different race, gender, and stage of disease.
Prisons during transition: Promoting a common penal identity through international norms

The book offers an incisive collection of contemporary research into the problems of crime control and punishment. It has three inter-related aims: to take stock of current thinking on punishment, regulation, and control in the early years of a new century and in the wake of a number of critical junctures, including 9/11, which have transformed the social, political, and cultural environment; to present a selection of the diverse epistemological and methodological frameworks which inform current research; and finally to set out some fruitful directions for the future study of punishment. The contributions to this collection cover some of the most exciting and challenging areas of current research including terrorism and the politics of fear, penality in societies in transition, penal policy and the construction of political identity, the impact of digital culture on modes of compliance, the emergent hegemony of information and surveillance systems, and the evolving politics of victimhood. Taken together, this work draws connections between local problems of crime control, transnational forms of governance, and the ways in which certain political and jurisprudential discourses have come to dominate policy and practice in western penal systems.Piacentini's contribution outlines the cultural, legal and policy paradoxes in engendering human rights in prisons, from below. The paper pursues the neglected penal spaces of ideology, values, and non-permeability to previously not known penal ideas in the process aimed at promoting common penal norms.
Affektives Priming in der Wortentscheidungsaufgabe: Evidenz für postlexikalische Urteilstendenzen

In an affective priming study using the lexical decision task (N = 91) a spreading activation hypothesis was contrasted with a judgmental tendency model. With regard to the spreading activation account a positive or negative prime activates all concepts sharing the same connotation. Responses to positive or negative targets will then be faster following a prime with the same valence. With regard to the judgmental tendency model affective congruent prime-target pairs trigger an affirmative response tendency whereas incongruent pairs trigger a tendency to negate. Responses will therefore be (relatively) faster, if the response tendency matches the appropriate target response. In a lexical decision task, half of the participants had to respond with Yes (it is a word) to target words whereas the remaining sample had to respond with No (it is not a pseudoword). In the word=yes sample an affective congruency effect emerged (i.e. responses to affectively congruent prime-target pairs were faster), whereas the reverse was true for the word=no sample. This result is compatible with the judgmental tendency model but not with the spreading activation hypothesis. It will be discussed with regard to theories of affective information processes
Comorbidity of depressive and anxiety disorders for older Americans in the national comorbidity survey-replication.

OBJECTIVE To identify age differences in the 12-month and lifetime comorbidity of depressive and anxiety disorders for adults (18-64 years) compared with older adults (65 years and older) in a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling adults in the United States. DESIGN Cross-sectional epidemiologic study, using data from the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication public use dataset. SETTING Community-based epidemiologic survey. PARTICIPANTS Representative national sample of community-dwelling adults in the United States. MEASUREMENTS The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to assess Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition psychiatric disorders. RESULTS More than half of respondents with a 12-month major depressive disorder (MDD) had a comorbid anxiety disorder or dysthymia (18-64 years = 60.6%; 65 years and older = 51.8%). High rates of MDD were also found for those with anxiety disorders across both age groups, highest in the 18-64 years group for generalized anxiety disorder (28.5%) and highest in the 65 years and older group for panic disorder (36.7%). Age group did not predict 12-month diagnosis of a comorbid anxiety disorder among those with a depressive disorder in multivariate logistic regression. Onset of anxiety disorders preceded onset of depressive disorders for most older adults (77.6%). CONCLUSIONS Depressive and anxiety disorders frequently cooccurred in this representative sample of community-dwelling adults. Older adults experienced comorbidity to a similar extent as younger adults, suggesting high rates of comorbidity across the lifespan.
Patients with very‐late‐onset schizoprhenia‐like psychosis have higher mortality rates than elderly patients with earlier onset schizophrenia

In this register‐based study of schizophrenia patients aged 65 years or above, mortality and causes of death diagnosed at age of 60+ (very‐late‐onset schizophrenia‐like psychosis, VLOSLP) were studied in comparison with sex‐ and age‐matched general Finnish population. Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMRs) of VLOSLP patients were also compared with those of earlier onset (below 60 years) schizophrenia patients, and hazard of death was calculated between these patient groups.
Emergency Department Crowding is Associated with Reduced Satisfaction Scores in Patients Discharged from the Emergency Department

Introduction Emergency department (ED) crowding has been shown to negatively impact patient outcomes. Few studies have addressed the effect of ED crowding on patient satisfaction. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of ED crowding on patient satisfaction in patients discharged from the ED. Methods: We measured patient satisfaction using Press-Ganey surveys returned by patients that visited our ED between August 1, 2007 and March 31, 2008. We recorded all mean satisfaction scores and obtained mean ED occupancy rate, mean emergency department work index (EDWIN) score and hospital diversion status over each 8-hour shift from data archived in our electronic tracking board. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was calculated to determine the effect of ED crowding and hospital diversion status on the odds of achieving a mean satisfaction score ≥ 85, which was the patient satisfaction goal set forth by our ED administration. Results: A total of 1591 surveys were returned over the study period. Mean satisfaction score was 77.6 (standard deviation [SD] ±16) and mean occupancy rate was 1.23 (SD ± 0.31). The likelihood of failure to meet patient satisfaction goals was associated with an increase in average ED occupancy rate (odds ratio [OR] 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.17 to 0.59, P < 0.001) and an increase in EDWIN score (OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.004 to 0.55, P = 0.015). Hospital diversion resulted in lower mean satisfaction scores, but this was not statistically significant (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.36 to 1.05). In multivariable analysis controlling for hospital diversion status and time of shift, ED occupancy rate remained a significant predictor of failure to meet patient satisfaction goals (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.66, P = 0.001). Conclusion: Increased crowding, as measured by ED occupancy rate and EDWIN score, was significantly associated with reduced patient satisfaction. Although causative attribution was limited, our study suggested yet another negative impact resulting from ED crowding.
Interaction of Endothelial Nitric Oxide and Angiotensin in the Circulation

Discovery of the unexpected intercellular messenger and transmitter nitric oxide (NO) was the highlight of highly competitive investigations to identify the nature of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. This labile, gaseous molecule plays obligatory roles as one of the most promising physiological regulators in cardiovascular function. Its biological effects include vasodilatation, increased regional blood perfusion, lowering of systemic blood pressure, and antithrombosis and anti-atherosclerosis effects, which counteract the vascular actions of endogenous angiotensin (ANG) II. Interactions of these vasodilator and vasoconstrictor substances in the circulation have been a topic that has drawn the special interest of both cardiovascular researchers and clinicians. Therapeutic agents that inhibit the synthesis and action of ANG II are widely accepted to be essential in treating circulatory and metabolic dysfunctions, including hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and increased availability of NO is one of the most important pharmacological mechanisms underlying their beneficial actions. ANG II provokes vascular actions through various receptor subtypes (AT1, AT2, and AT4), which are differently involved in NO synthesis and actions. ANG II and its derivatives, ANG III, ANG IV, and ANG-(1-7), alter vascular contractility with different mechanisms of action in relation to NO. This review article summarizes information concerning advances in research on interactions between NO and ANG in reference to ANG receptor subtypes, radical oxygen species, particularly superoxide anions, ANG-converting enzyme inhibitors, and ANG receptor blockers in patients with cardiovascular disease, healthy individuals, and experimental animals. Interactions of ANG and endothelium-derived relaxing factor other than NO, such as prostaglandin I2 and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, are also described.
Outcomes after Hysteroscopic Treatment of Symptomatic Isthmoceles in Patients with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding and Pelvic Pain: A Prospective Case Series

Background Isthmoceles are described as complications associated with caesarean section (CS). Only symptomatic isthmoceles should be treated. The main symptoms are abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in the absence of any other causes, pelvic pain and secondary infertility. There are several techniques described for the correction of isthmoceles. Isthmoplasty can be performed by hysteroscopy, laparoscopy or vaginal surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of hysteroscopic surgical treatment of isthmoceles in women with associated symptoms such as pelvic pain and AUB. Materials and Methods A prospective case series study was performed; this study included all women with AUB, pelvic pain and ultrasonographic (US) diagnosis of isthmocele, who had undergone hysteroscopic correction between June 2014 and December 2017 in our Hospital. Results Thirty eight women underwent surgical hysteroscopy for correction of symptomatic isthmoceles. All patients presented AUB, 42.1% experienced pelvic pain and 28.9% had secondary infertility. US evaluation of isthmoceles was performed using 2D ultrasound. The residual myometrial thickness (RMT) above the isthmocele was measured in women who expected future pregnancy; if it was <2.5 mm the patient was not included in the study because the cor- rection was performed laparoscopically. Follow-up was performed one and two months after the surgery. In all cases, pelvic pain was resolved one month after the surgery. AUB disappeared within the first month in 87.5% of patients and in the second month in 96.8% of subjects; however, one patient needed further surgery to alleviate her symptoms. Secondary infertility was assessed one year after surgical isthmoplasty. Seven women completed the first year of fol- low up, and three of them (42.8%) reported pregnancy after treatment between six and eight months after the surgery. Conclusion Hysteroscopic correction of symptomatic isthmoceles may constitute a safe and effective technique for patients who present AUB and pelvic pain.
Haemodynamic Effects of Different Corticosteroids in Controlled Haemorrhagic Shock in the Dog

The haemodynamic effects of massive doses of hydrocortisone (80–320 mg.kg‐1), methylprednisolone (4–32 mg.kg‐l), betamethasone (1.6–12.8 mg.kg‐1) and aldosterone (0.1–0.8 mg.kg‐1) and the interaction with phenoxybenzamine and propranolol have been studied during controlled haemorrhagic shock in the anaesthetized dog. Hydrocortisone was the only steroid which showed any significant vasodilating ability when given alone. The alpha‐receptor blocking agent phenoxybenzamine distinctly decreased the total peripheral resistance. The effect of the phenoxybenzamine was increased in combination with hydrocortisone or methylprednisolone, especially if the steroid was given as the first drug. The vasodilation found was efficiently abolished by the beta‐receptor blocking agent propranolol. The ability of hydrocortisone or methylprednisolone to potentiate phenoxybenzamine was not shared by betamethasone or aldosterone. Thus, the haemodynamic effect of the steroid does not seem to be correlated to either a glucocorticoid nor a mineralocorticoid effect.
Forgotten unemployment : recall bias in retrospective data

It is a well documented fact that the ordering and specific wording of a survey questionnaire can produce different "readings" of the same underlying event. Differences can also arise when the same general question is asked of individuals at different times. One area in which such discrepancies have been found is in comparisons of unemployment data collected on a monthly basis with those obtained from a onceyearly survey . The source of the monthly unemployment figures is the Current Population Survey (cps), conducted by the Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Each month, representatives of approximately 60,000 households are asked questions about their labor force activity and that of other household members during a given reference week . Annual unemployment estimates are constructed by averaging monthly data for the year. Annual unemployment data are also obtained, on a retrospective basis, from the Work Experience Supplement to the Current Population Survey in March of each year . Persons responding to the supplement questions are asked to recall events which occurred from January through December of the previous year . These respondents are asked to aggregate the year's labor force activities into summary figures. That is, they are asked questions such as : "How many weeks was (household member's name) looking for work? " and "How many weeks was (household member's name) working? " However, no attempt is made to ascertain the months in which these events took place. The supplement data reflect the number of persons with unemployment at any time during the previous year ; a person experiencing two or more spells of unemployment is counted only once . Recently, this estimate has been about 18 to 21 million persons a year . In con-