Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidermal morphogenesis and keratin expression in c-Ha-ras-transfected tumorigenic clones of the human HaCaT cell line.

Several tumorigenic (benign and malignant) clones have been raised from the human epidermal cell line HaCaT after transfection with the c-Ha-ras oncogene (val 12) (P. Boukamp et al., Cancer Res., 50: 2840-2847, 1990). In culture, these HaCaT-ras clones expressed epidermal differentiation markers, such as keratins K1 and 10, at high density or upon depletion of retinoic acid. Accordingly, as HaCaT cells, the clones formed well-differentiated stratified epithelia synthesizing K1 and 10 in surface transplants, while simple and internal epithelial keratins seen in culture were suppressed (as upon retinoic acid depletion in vitro). In transplants of HaCaT cells, in contrast to those of normal keratinocytes, K1 appeared prematurely already in basal cells, while K10 localized rather normally in the suprabasal position. Keratins 1 and 10 were also synthesized in transplants of HaCaT-ras clones (again K1 preceding K10), but both generally shifted toward upper layers. This was particularly evident in thicker transplants of malignant clones. Staining for both keratins persisted "suprabasally" in invasive tissue masses, and this corresponded to their marked expression in solid carcinomas (after s.c. injection), seen by immunofluorescence and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Thus, notwithstanding some variations, differentiation potential was not significantly reduced in these clones disregarding levels of ras oncogene expression and malignant properties.
Recurrent Respiratory Infections in Children – Definition, Diagnostic Approach, Treatment and Prevention

Paediatric respiratory tract infections are one of the most common reasons for physician visits and hospitalisation, and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Respiratory infections are common and frequent diseases and present one of the major complaints in children and adolescents. The role of physicians and other healthcare providers has expanded from merely treating disease to implementing measures aimed at health maintenance and disease prevention (Bellanti, 1997). Respiratory infections (RI), mainly involving the upper airways, are common in children and their recurrence constitutes a demanding challenge for the paediatricians. There are many children suffering from so-called recurrent respiratory infections (RRI). The child with recurrent respiratory infections presents a difficult diagnostic challenge. It is necessary to discriminate between those with simply-managed cause for their symptoms such as recurrent viral infections or asthma, from the children with more serious underlying pathology such as bronchiectasis or immune dysfunction. Many different disorders present this way, including cystic fibrosis, various immunodeficiency syndromes, congenital anomalies of respiratory tract, but in some children lung damage could follow a single severe pneumonia or can be the consequence of the inhalation of food or foreign body (Couriel, 2002). According to the epidemiological studies it was estimated that around 6% of the children younger than 6 years of age present RRI. In developed countries, up to 25% of children aged < 1 year and 18% of children aged 1-4 years experience RRI (Bellanti, 1997). Moreover, ENT infections represent the most frequent pathologies in children aged from 6 months to 6 years. Although the etiologic agents responsible for RRI are not always readily identifiable, viral agents are typically the main cause. The real task for the paediatricians is to discriminate the normal children with high respiratory infections frequency related to an augmented exposure to environmental risk factors from the children affected by other underlying pathological conditions (immunological or not), predisposing to infectious respiratory
Time Allocation and Marketing

Marketing as a discipline is concerned with understanding exchange processes, normally those of goods and services for money. However, individuals also trade in time and the current marketing paradigm contains a number of tenets about time. Our objective is to identify the marketing paradigm by constructing a framework describing the process of individual time allocation. The paradigm has a number of weaknesses, particularly in its concern with the issue of how and why time is allocated by the individual. It is argued that future research could benefit by drawing on concepts of time from other academic disciplines so as to improve our understanding of the time allocation process and of personality factors in it. Alternatively, marketing theory may benefit from the development of a new paradigm where time is redefined as a more complex entity.
Perception of Occupational Gender Typing: A Replication on European Samples of Shinar's (1975) and Beggs and Doolittle's (1993) Studies1

College students' perceptions of the gender typing of 129 occupations were gathered from Spanish and French samples and compared with those reported by Shinar (1975) and Beggs & Doolittle (1993). Questionnaires were completed by 202 females and 158 males. As in the American studies, a continuum of the perception of occupations from feminine to masculine was replicated. The results indicate that (a) general mean ratings are closer to the masculine pole than to the feminine pole of the response scale, (b) European mean ratings are more gender-neutral than are American mean ratings, (c) linear correlations between all four sets of ratings are very high, and (d) the linear association between French ratings and official employment figures for women in France is high.
High Infant and Child Mortality Rates in Orissa: An Assessment of Major Reasons

Infant and child mortality rates in Orissa are the highest among the Indian states. This is surprising given other demographic indicators such as the relatively rapid fertility decline and the quite high levels of antenatal care coverage in this state compared with other comparatively poor states. In this article the macro- and micro-level determinants of high infant and child mortality are assessed using multivariate logistic regression analyses. The results demonstrate that the major contributors to the high infant and child mortality rates are the extremely low levels of health sector investments and the associated quality of care. (authors)
Recent philanthropy strides: Lessons for Islamic philanthropy

The “mainstream” philanthropy literature is awash with varying strands of “knowledge” ranging from giving strategies or giving policies as well as themes that explain giving behaviour all in a bid to increase giving behaviour consistently. The paper seeks to expound if there is any lesson to be learnt from the gargantuan amount of scholarly philanthropy enterprise when viewed from the Islamic prism. Particularly, the authors aim to spell out if any, implications for Islamic philanthropy from these philanthropic strides.
The Effects of Rumination on Psychological and Biological Recovery from Stress in Depression

of a dissertation at the University of Miami. Dissertation supervised by Professor Jutta Joormann. No. of pages in text. (105) Diathesis-stress models of depression highlight that stress triggers the onset of a depressive episode. Increasing evidence, however, suggest that increased risk comes not from the initial response to stress, but rather from difficulty regulating emotions in a way that facilitates recovery. Rumination is a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy shown to prolong negative affect in response to distress. The current study extends past research by comparing the effects of a rumination versus distraction induction on biological and psychological recovery from stress among individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls (CTLs). Participants were exposed to a psychosocial stressor and then randomly assigned to either the rumination or distraction condition. Selfreported affect and markers of biological arousal (salivary cortisol and respiratory sinus arrhythmia; RSA) were assessed before, during, and after the stressor. Participants demonstrated significant reactivity to stress, evidenced by an increase in self-reported negative affect and decrease in RSA. In contrast, participants did not demonstrate the expected significant cortisol reactivity to stress. Also unexpected was a significant increase in RSA during the latter-half of the stressor, suggesting spontaneous parasympathetic recovery. Although no group differences were seen in stress reactivity, significant time by group by condition interactions were seen in stress recovery. Within the CTL group, participants in the rumination and distraction conditions did not differ in their psychological or biological recovery from stress. Within the MDD group, however, participants in the rumination condition demonstrated higher negative affect and salivary cortisol during the recovery period than participants in the distraction condition. Evidence therefore suggests that rumination affects neuroendocrine and psychological recovery from stress in depression. Moreover, depressed participants in the distraction condition demonstrated significantly greater RSA withdrawal during the ER induction compared to control participants in the distraction condition, potentially suggesting that distraction was more effortful for the MDD versus CTL group. During the subsequent nature video, RSA recovery was greater in the MDD versus CTL group. Results from this study provide important insights into the effect of rumination on psychological and biological recovery from stress in MDD.
Angry faces hold the eyes

Efficient processing of complex social and biological stimuli associated with threat is crucial for survival. Previous studies have suggested that threatening stimuli such as angry faces not only capture visual attention, but also delay the disengagement of attention from their location. However, in the previous studies disengagement of attention was measured indirectly and was inferred on the basis of delayed manual responses. The present study employed a novel paradigm that allows direct examination of the delayed disengagement hypothesis by measuring the time it takes to disengage the eyes from threatening stimuli. The results showed that participants were indeed slower to make an eye movement away from an angry face presented at fixation than from either a neutral or a happy face. This finding provides converging support that the delay in disengagement of attention is an important component of processing threatening information.
Thinking of others : How perspective taking changes negotiators' aspirations and fairness perceptions as a function of negotiator relationships

The current research investigates two factors that might moderate the effects of competitive demands and biased fairness perceptions on conflict resolution: the relationship between the negotiators and perspective taking. In an experiment, we found that negotiators in a positive relationship were more self-serving in aspirations and fairness judgments than negotiators in a negative relationship. Furthermore, we found support for a social-motive priming hypothesis, which predicts that the relationship between negotiators will significantly impact the effects of perspective taking on aspirations and fairness judgments. Finally, we found that discrepancies in fairness judgments significantly predicted conflict delay in positive relationships but not in negative relationships where differences in aspirations played a larger role, thereby lending support to past researchers' findings that fairness considerations figure larger in negotiations involving a positive relationship between negotiators whereas equity .
From senior student to novice worker: learning trajectories in political science, psychology and mechanical engineering

This longitudinal study focuses on the transition from higher education to working life. Research has hitherto described the transition in rather general terms, and there is still only limited knowledge about how graduates construe themselves as professionals, or how they experience the transition to the sociocultural contexts of working life. In this study, the transition is viewed as a trajectory between different communities of practice. Three different Master’s programmes at Linköping University are focused on and compared: political science, psychology and mechanical engineering. The specific aims are to: (i) identify aspects of identity and knowledge formation as reported by informants, both as senior students and later as novice workers with 18 months of work experience; (ii) identify features of discourses of knowledge and competence operating in the programmes and working life; and (iii) to relate the results to differences in the way the programmes are designed. The results indicate that the psychology programme prepares for working life in a rational way, that is, the generic skills and substantive knowledge acquired seem to correspond to the demands of professional work. The other programmes stand out as preparing for working life either by providing generic skills that need to be transformed in professional work, or by containing elements that mainly play a ritual role rather than corresponding to the demands of working life.
Transparency: A Necessary Requirement for the Construct Validity of Assessment Centres

La validite de construction des centres d‘evaluation et la performance percue des candidats sont-elles sensibles au fait que ceux-ci aient ou non connaissance des dimensions jugees pertinentes? 119 etudiants de 1° cycle ont participea une session de centre d’evaluation dans des conditions de transparence et de non transparence. II est apparu que la validite de construction etait superieure quand les participants connaissaient les dimensions recherchees et le comportement attendu de leur part. En outre, les notations des sujets de la condition “transparence” qui admettaient avoir soumis leur conduite aux dimensions attendues beneficiaient d'une validite discriminante et convergente superieure a celle des notations des sujets qui affirmaient n'avoir tenu aucun compte des dites dimensions. L'impact de la transparence des dimensions recherchees sur la validite de construction des centres d‘evaluation est discute. The present study tested whether the construct validity of assessment centres and the perceived performance of candidates were influenced by whether or not the requirement dimensions were made transparent for participants. A total of 119 college students participated in an assessment centre under either transparent or nontransparent conditions. Results showed that construct validity was higher when participants knew the requirement dimensions and what behaviour was required of them. In addition, the ratings of subjects in the transparency condition who reported that they had oriented their behaviour towards the requirement dimensions had higher convergent and discriminant validity than the ratings of subjects who reported that they disregarded the requirement dimensions. The consequences of the transparency of requirement dimensions for the construct validity of assessment centres are discussed.
Biochemical characterization of the major sorghum grain peroxidase

The major cationic peroxidase in sorghum grain (SPC4) , which is ubiquitously present in all sorghum varieties was purified to apparent homogeneity, and found to be a highly basic protein (pI∼ 11). MS analysis showed that SPC4 consists of two glycoforms with molecular masses of 34227 and 35629 Da and it contains a type‐b heme. Chemical deglycosylation allowed to estimate sugar contents of 3.0% and 6.7% (w/w) in glycoform I and II, respectively, and a mass of the apoprotein of 33 246 Da. High performance anion exchange chromatography allowed to determine the carbohydrate constituents of the polysaccharide chains. The N‐terminal sequence of SPC4 is not blocked by pyroglutamate. MS analysis showed that six peptides, including the N‐terminal sequence of SPC4 matched with the predicted tryptic peptides of gene indice TC102191 of sorghum chromosome 1, indicating that TC102191 codes for the N‐terminal part of the sequence of SPC4, including a signal peptide of 31 amino acids. The N‐terminal fragment of SPC4 (213 amino acids) has a high sequence identity with barley BP1 (85%), rice Prx23 (90%), wheat WSP1 (82%) and maize peroxidase (58%), indicative for a common ancestor. SPC4 is activated by calcium ions. Ca2+ binding increased the protein conformational stability by raising the melting temperature (Tm) from 67 to 82 °C. SPC4 catalyzed the oxidation of a wide range of aromatic substrates, being catalytically more efficient with hydroxycinnamates than with tyrosine derivatives. In spite of the conserved active sites, SPC4 differs from BP1 in being active with aromatic compounds above pH 5.
Perceptions of future and cur rent teachers on the organization of elementary schools: a dissonance approach to the investigation of job satisfaction

The study compares the satisfaction ratings of future and current elementary school teachers with respect to the main aspects of school organization and administration. Data were collected from 66 in-service teachers and 79 preservice teachers in Cyprus. The application of factor analysis on the data resulted in the identification of the following main dimensions of school organization: headmaster's role, school organization, school climate, teacher incentives/work conditions, inspector's role and teachers' role. The comparison of the satisfaction ratings of future and current teachers on the above factors produced the following findings: first, the ratings of the two groups differed significantly for the first four factors. Secondly, future teachers reported lower satisfaction ratings than their in-service counterparts in the headmaster's role, school organization and school climate factors and higher ratings on the teacher incentives/work conditions factor.These discrepancies are considered to constitute causes of concern for educational policy-makers. The high expectations of future teachers on the teacher incentives/work conditions factor are viewed as a probable subsequent cause of cognitive dissonance and job dissatisfaction. On the other hand, the low expectations of future teachers with respect to three factors (headmaster's role, school organization, school climate) are likely to reduce their initial enthusiasm for their job. The implications of the findings for teacher training programmes are discussed, and suggestions are made on ways of reducing discrepancies between the expectations of future teachers and the realities of the workplace.
A Comparison of Assessment Center Practices in Organizations in German‐speaking Regions and the United States

The development, execution, and evaluation of ACs in 281 German, Swiss, and Austrian organizations are examined for compliance with professional guidelines and consideration of moderator variables of validity, and the results are compared with those reported for U.S. companies (Spychalski et al., 1997). The authors show that some recommendations (e.g., systematic testing of reliability and validity) have not received sufficient attention in either the German-speaking or U.S. sample and that compliance with guidelines (e.g., the application of information policy to assessees) varies across the countries studied. The most important cross-national differences in the development, execution, and evaluation of ACs are explained as results of ideologically rooted reservations, insufficient professionalization in some aspects of intraorganizational AC use, as well as specific aspects of the Labor-Management Act and similar legislation in German-speaking regions. These factors are linked with a cultural difference—institutionalized collectivism, which is greater in German-speaking regions than in the United Sates.
Failure to deactivate in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: dysfunction of the default mode network?

Background Functional imaging studies using working memory tasks have documented both prefrontal cortex (PFC) hypo- and hyperactivation in schizophrenia. However, these studies have often failed to consider the potential role of task-related deactivation. Method Thirty-two patients with chronic schizophrenia and 32 age- and sex-matched normal controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning while performing baseline, 1-back and 2-back versions of the n-back task. Linear models were used to obtain maps of activations and deactivations in the groups. Results The controls showed activation in the expected frontal regions. There were also clusters of deactivation, particularly in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC and the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus. Compared to the controls, the schizophrenic patients showed reduced activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and other frontal areas. There was also an area in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC where the patients showed apparently greater activation than the controls. This represented a failure of deactivation in the schizophrenic patients. Failure to activate was a function of the patients' impaired performance on the n-back task, whereas the failure to deactivate was less performance dependent. Conclusions Patients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task. The area of failure of deactivation is in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex and corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.
The structure of a d(gcGAACgc) duplex containing two consecutive bulged A residues in both strands suggests a molecular switch.

In previous studies, it was reported that DNA fragments with the sequence d(gcGXYAgc) (where X = A or G and Y = A, T or G) form a stable base-intercalated duplex (Bi-duplex) in which the central X and Y residues are not involved in any base-pair interactions but are alternately stacked on each other between the two strands. To investigate the structural stability of the Bi-duplex, the crystal structure of d(gcGAACgc) with a point mutation at the sixth residue of the sequence, d(gcGAAAgc), has been determined. The two strands are associated in an antiparallel fashion to form two types of bulge-containing duplexes (Bc-duplexes), I and II, both of which are quite different from the Bi-duplex of the parent sequence. In both Bc-duplexes, three Watson-Crick G.C base pairs constitute the stem regions at the two ends. The A(4) residues are bulged in to form a pair with the corresponding A(4) residue of the opposite strand in either duplex. The A(4). A(4)* pair formation is correlated to the orientations of the adjacent A(5) residues. A remarkable difference between the two Bc-duplexes is seen at the A(5) residue. In Bc-duplex I, it is flipped out and comes back to interact with the G(3) residue. In Bc-duplex II, the A(5) residue extends outwards to interact with the G(7) residue of the neighbouring Bc-duplex I. These results indicate that trans sugar-edge/Hoogsteen (sheared-type) G(3). A(6)* base pairs are essential in the formation of a Bi-duplex of d(gcGXYAgc). On the other hand, the alternative conformations of the internal loops containing two consecutive bulged A residues suggest molecular switching.