Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A policy of vulnerability or agency? Refugee young people’s opportunities in accessing further and higher education in the UK

The UK government’s austerity cuts have negatively impacted many voluntary-sector interventions that provided support to refugees. One such intervention, the Refugee Integration and Employment Service (RIES), is discussed in this paper. The RIES was a UK Border Agency-funded integration programme for recognised refugees and operated through voluntary-sector organisations nationwide. Findings of this small, qualitative study tentatively suggest that without bespoke support such as RIES, refugees will struggle to make informed and strategic decisions about their future education choices, restricting their ability to exercise autonomous agency. Current UK policy of counting refugees alongside other types of migrants will not cater for the specificity and multiplicity of issues faced by refugee young people. This will inhibit their opportunities and increase vulnerabilities, compounding their precarious position in UK society.
SEE: Syntax-aware Entity Embedding for Neural Relation Extraction

Distant supervised relation extraction is an efficient approach to scale relation extraction to very large corpora, and has been widely used to find novel relational facts from plain text. Recent studies on neural relation extraction have shown great progress on this task via modeling the sentences in low-dimensional spaces, but seldom considered syntax information to model the entities. In this paper, we propose to learn syntax-aware entity embedding for neural relation extraction. First, we encode the context of entities on a dependency tree as sentence-level entity embedding based on tree-GRU. Then, we utilize both intra-sentence and inter-sentence attentions to obtain sentence set-level entity embedding over all sentences containing the focus entity pair. Finally, we combine both sentence embedding and entity embedding for relation classification. We conduct experiments on a widely used real-world dataset and the experimental results show that our model can make full use of all informative instances and achieve state-of-the-art performance of relation extraction.
Combined Clozapine and Electroconvulsive Therapy in a Japanese Schizophrenia Patient: A Case Report

Clozapine is well-known for successful use in schizophrenic patients treatment resistant to other antipsychotics. However, even with clozapine, 25% of schizophrenic patients are not in remission. Recently, as adjunctive treatment with clozapine, electroconvulsive therapy has been reported to be an effective and safe adjunctive treatment. We report a Japanese schizophrenic woman who was not in remission with clozapine alone but with both clozapine and electroconvulsive therapy.
Myocardial dysfunction in children with dengue haemorrhagic fever.

BACKGROUND Dengue fever/dengue haemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome is a serious health problem in tropical countries. Intravascular fluid depletion due to capillary leak is presumed to be the cause of hypotension in dengue haemorrhagic fever. The treatment guidelines of the World Health Organization lay stress primarily on monitoring and fluid replacement therapy. During the 1996 epidemic in New Delhi, we observed problems in fluid management of such children and prospectively looked for myocardial dysfunction as an additional factor for hypotension. METHODS Fifty-four children (< 12 years old) admitted to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi after 15 October 1996 with various grades of the disease, who were fit to be shifted to the echocardiography laboratory, were examined clinically and subjected to a detailed M-mode, 2-dimensional and colour doppler echocardiography. Ejection fractions (Teichholz/Modified Simpson's) and shortening fractions were calculated. RESULTS Ejection fraction by modified Simpson's rule was reduced (< 50%) in 9/54 (16.7%) children; 2 of these had significant reductions (< 35%). These 9 children belonged to all stages of clinical severity. Three of these 9 children who had a repeat echocardiogram within 2 months of the illness had improved ejection fractions. CONCLUSION The role of myocardial dysfunction remains to be defined as there was no correlation with clinical severity. Myocardial functions need to be assessed in patients with this disease, especially those who have persistent hypotension in spite of adequate hydration.
Incorporating Maintenance Effectiveness in the Estimation of Dynamic Infrastructure Performance Models

Abstract: We show how intervention analysis can be used in conjunction with dynamic performance modeling to analyze the effect of maintenance activities on the performance of infrastructure facilities. Specifically, we consider state‐space specifications of autoregressive moving averages with exogenous inputs models to develop deterioration and inspection models for infrastructure facilities, and intervention analysis to estimate transitory and permanent effects of maintenance, for example, performance jumps or deterioration rate changes. To illustrate the methodology, we analyze the effectiveness of an overlay on a flexible pavement section from the AASHO Road Test. The results show the effect of the overlay on improvements both on surface distress, that is, rutting and slope variance, as well as on the pavement's underlying serviceability. The results also provide evidence that the overlay changes the pavement's response to traffic, that is, the overlay causes a reduction in the rate at which traffic damages the pavement.
Does the Curriculum Fit the Career? Some Conclusions from a Survey of Graduates of a Degree Program in Professional and Technical Communication

Recent graduates of a degree program in professional and technical communication were surveyed to identify their current employment, their attitudes toward their academic preparation, and the professional courses they found most helpful. The history and curriculum of Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT's) eleven-year-old program in Professional and Technical Communication (PTC) is described, as well as the program's “professional core,” its Liberal Arts core, and its cooperative education requirement. The survey was modeled after a previous survey the authors conducted with members of the Society for Technical Communication. The results of both surveys emphasized the basics of writing and computer skills. The degree program alumni also expressed the desire for a “more practical” curriculum that placed less emphasis on theory. Anecdotal responses from the alumni provided a unique view of the field through the eyes of its newest practitioners.
Special Education Requirements for General Education Certification

The purpose of the present study was to conduct a national survey to determine the state certification requirements general educators must meet (if any) in the area of special education. The survey was undertaken to study how states were responding to the increased demand placed on general educators to serve many more students with special needs. The results revealed that approximately three fourths of the states require general education teachers to have a course or two in special education or meet some specific competency criteria. The notion that such a cursory exposure to special education could prepare general educators to serve children with special needs is questioned, and future research examining the relationship between training experiences and competencies in serving students is recommended.
Melatonin suppresses tumor progression by reducing angiogenesis stimulated by HIF‐1 in a mouse tumor model

The sustained expansion of a tumor mass requires new blood vessel formation to provide rapidly proliferating tumor cells with an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients. Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) plays an essential role in tumor angiogenesis and growth by regulating the transcription of genes in response to hypoxic stress. This study was designed to investigate the effects of melatonin on tumor growth and angiogenesis, as well as the mechanism underlying the antitumor activities of melatonin. In this study, we show that the administration of melatonin inhibits tumor growth and blocks tumor angiogenesis in mice. Moreover, melatonin diminished the expression of the HIF‐1α protein within the tumor mass during tumorigenesis. Our findings suggest that melatonin is a promising anti‐angiogenic therapeutic agent targeting HIF‐1α in cancer. Considering that HIF‐1α is overexpressed in a majority of human cancers, melatonin could offer a potent therapeutic agent for cancer.
Causes of injuries resulting in a visit to the emergency department of a Provincial General Hospital, Nyanza, western Kenya.

BACKGROUND There is increasing importance of trauma not only as a major cause of surgical admissions, but also a significant cause of morbidity, mortality and disability. OBJECTIVE To document injury-related visits and hospitalization in a provincial hospital, western Kenya. METHODS On-site review of records of all patients who visited emergency department (ED) from January 2002 through December 2003, and admissions of year 2003. RESULTS A total of 15365 patients visited the ED, of which 41% (6319/15395) were injury cases. The leading causes of injury were assault (42%), road traffic crashes (RTC) (28%), unspecified soft tissue injury (STI) (11%). Cut-wounds, dog-bites, falls, burns and poisoning were infrequently reported (each <10%). The age group 15-44 years formed the largest proportion (75%). A total of 3253 patients were admitted in 2003, of which 1010 (31%) were due to injuries. RTC were leading cause of hospitalization (49%) followed by assault (16%). Men were more likely to be hospitalized due to assault (OR=2.22; CI = 1.45 - 3.41) and not burns or poisoning (p<0.01). There were 64 (6.3%) injury-related deaths, mainly resulting from RTC (41.9%), burns (19.4%) and assault (16.1%). CONCLUSIONS This study provides considerable information on major causes of injuries, useful for epidemiological surveillance and injury prevention campaigns.
Detecting homogeneity in protein sequence clusters for automatic functional annotation and noise detection

Protein sequence clustering is a process that aims to identify sets of homologous proteins in a protein database (Kriventseva et al., 2001). The information derived from protein sequence clustering is then widely used for further analysis such as protein family discovery, function prediction, and database compression. For some applications of protein sequence clustering, it is highly desirable that a hierarchical structure, also referred to as dendrogram, which shows how proteins are clustered at various levels is generated. However, it is not an easy task to decide the boundary of natural clusters that correspond to protein families. According to our previous studies, the weighted average precision of the homogeneous clusters in the hierarchy of 41.0 Swiss-Prot database is 98.5% (Chen et al., 2004). Our experimental results show that there are 2158 protein families getting its best matching rate on a homogeneous cluster, among which the biggest one contains 293 proteins. This result shows that many protein families possess the homogeneity property on their sequences. Those 2158 best matched clusters deliver a weighted average precision of 97.34% and a weighted average recall of 91.41%.
Biplanar Chevron Osteotomy

We retrospectively reviewed the results of using a biplanar chevron osteotomy performed on patients who presented with hallux valgus deformities with an increased distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA). The study included 17 feet (14 patients) of 12 women and 2 men. The average follow-up was 33 months. The average American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Hallux Metatarsophalangeal-lnterphalangeal Clinical Rating Score was 91. Ten of the 14 patients (13 of 17 feet) stated that they would choose to undergo the procedure again. The hallux valgus angle was improved from an average of 22° to 18°, the intermetatarsal angle from 11° to 9°, and the DMAA from 16° to 9°. We have demonstrated this procedure to be useful in the treatment of symptomatic bunion deformities with an increased DMAA.
Early psychosocial intervention does not delay institutionalization in persons with mild Alzheimer disease and has impact on neither disease progression nor caregivers' well‐being: ALSOVA 3‐year follow‐up

Early diagnosis, initiation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy and programs that support care of persons with AD at home are recommended. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of early psychosocial intervention on delaying the institutionalization of persons with AD. We also assessed the influence of intervention on AD progression, behavioral symptoms, and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in persons with AD and caregivers.
Relaxivity of Hydrogen Protons of Water Molecules in the Aqueous Solutions of Dextran - and Chitosan - Coated Ferrite Nanoparticles

Ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized at around 4℃~25℃ and coated during the synthesis process with biocompatible and biodegradable polymers, dextran or chitosan. The size of ferrite nanoparticles was determined to be 7.51nm by DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering) and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope). The size of coated nanoparticles was increased up to 128.6nm and 67nm for dextran and chitosan coating, respectively. The relaxivity of T and T of hydrogen proton of water molecule in the aqueous solution of both uncoated and coated nanoparticles were found to be linear with the concentration of nanoparticles in the solution. We found that the relaxivity of hydrogen protons in the solution of coated nanoparticles are much faster (50 to 60 times) than those in the solution of uncoated nanoparticles. 1 2
Antimicrobial efficacy of eucalyptus oil and 1,8-cineole alone and in combination with chlorhexidine digluconate against microorganisms grown in planktonic and biofilm cultures.

OBJECTIVES Effective disinfection and antisepsis is pivotal in preventing infections within the healthcare setting. Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG) is a widely used disinfectant/antiseptic possessing broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity; however, its penetration into bacterial biofilms and human skin is poor. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of crude eucalyptus oil (EO) and its main component 1,8-cineole (a recognized permeation enhancer), alone and in combination with CHG, against a panel of clinically relevant microorganisms grown in planktonic and biofilm cultures. METHODS MICs and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations were determined for each microorganism grown in suspension and biofilm using microbroth dilution and ATP bioluminescence, respectively. Chequerboard assays were used to determine synergistic, indifferent or antagonistic interactions between CHG and EO or 1,8-cineole. RESULTS Antimicrobial activity was demonstrated by CHG, EO and 1,8-cineole; however, CHG was significantly more active against microorganisms in both planktonic and biofilm modes of growth (P < 0.05). Crude EO was significantly more efficacious against microorganisms grown in suspension compared with 1,8-cineole (P < 0.05). Synergistic activity was demonstrated between CHG and both EO and 1,8-cineole against suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, and biofilm cultures of MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, CHG may be combined with either crude EO or its major component 1,8-cineole for enhanced, synergistic antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms in planktonic and biofilm modes of growth; however, the superior antimicrobial efficacy associated with crude EO alone, compared with 1,8-cineole, favours its combination with CHG.
β‐Cell preservation and regeneration in diabetes by modulation of β‐cell Ca2+ homeostasis

Ca2+ extrusion from the β‐cell is mediated by two processes the Na/Ca exchanger (NCX) and the plasma membrane Ca2+‐ATPase (PMCA). Gain of function studies show that overexpression of NCX or PMCA leads to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ depletion with subsequent ER stress, decrease in β‐cell proliferation and β‐cell death by apoptosis. Interestingly, chronic exposure to cytokines or high free fatty acid concentrations also induce ER Ca2+ depletion and β‐cell death in diabetes. Loss of function studies show, on the contrary, that heterozygous inactivation of NCX1 (Ncx1+/−) leads to an increase in β‐cell function (insulin production and release), and a fivefold increase in both β‐cell mass and proliferation. The mutation also increases β‐cell resistance to hypoxia, and Ncx1+/− islets show a two to four times higher rate of diabetes cure than Ncx1+/+ islets when transplanted in diabetic animals. Thus, down‐regulation of the Na/Ca exchanger leads to various changes in β‐cell function that are opposite to the major abnormalities seen in diabetes. This provides a unique model for the prevention and treatment of β‐cell dysfunction in diabetes and following islet transplantation.
On the Strategic Use of Attention Grabbers

When a firm decides which products to offer or put on display, it takes into account the products' ability to attract attention to the brand name as a whole. Thus, the value of a product to the firm emanates from the consumer demand it directly meets, as well as the indirect demand it generates for the firms' other products. We explore this idea in the context of a stylized model of competition between media content providers (broadcast TV channels, internet portals, newspapers) over consumers with limited attention. We characterize the equilibrium use of products as attention grabbers and its implications for consumer conversion, industry profits and (mostly vertical) product differentiation.
Penguatan Kurikulum Muatan Lokal dalam Pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar

Pertanyaan yang paling mendasar berkaitan dengan pengembangan kurikulum adalah apakah guru mampu mendesain, mengimpelementasikan dan mengevaluasi kurikulum muatan lokal yang mengembangkan life skills di tingkat satuan pendidikan.Pengembangan kurikulum yang mempersiapkan peserta didik untuk mengembangkan potensi daerah belum berjalan secara baik di masing-masing tingkat satuan pendidikan, hal ini ditandai dengan belum memasyarakatnya kurikulum muatan lokal yang mengembangkan potensi masing-masing daerah dan masih banyaknya muatan lokal yang seragam antara sekolah yang satu dengan yang lain.Dari hasil survay pendahuluan keterbatasan sekolah dalam mengembangkan kurikulum muatan lokal sesuai dengan potensi daerah dalam mempersiapkan peserta didik agar memiliki kemampuan-kemampuannya yang sesuai dengan lingkungannya, disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor antara lain: Kurangnya sumber daya manusia yang tersedia untuk mengembangkan kurikulum muatan lokal yang sesuai dengan potensi daerah. Kurangnya pemahaman guru/sekolah dalam mengembangkan kurikulum muatan lokal. Adanya kurikulum muatan lokal yang sudah ada sebelumnya, dirasakan oleh sekolah sudah cukup untuk memberikan bekal kemampuan kepada peserta didik. Terbentur masalah dana yang digunakan untuk pengembangan kurikulum muatan lokal.
Why Do Firms Use Insurance to Fund Worker Health Benefits? The Role of Corporate Finance

When a firm offers health benefits to workers, it exposes the firm to the risk of making payments when workers get sick. A firm can either pay health expenses out of its general assets, keeping the risk inside the firm, or it can purchase insurance, shifting the risk outside the firm. Using data on insurance decisions, we find that smaller firms, firms with more investment opportunities, and firms that face a convex tax schedule are more likely to hedge the risk of health benefit payments. We show how firms trade off the benefits that come from financing and investment characteristics with the costs of regulation when choosing insurance. We provide understanding of how firms’ policy and financial characteristics affect firm outcomes as the Affordable Care Act provisions impacting plan funding continue to evolve.
An Evaluation of Information on the Internet About a New Device: The Cervical Artificial Disc Replacement

Study Design. Cross-sectional survey. Objective. The objective of this study was to investigate the authorship, content, and quality of information available to the public on the Internet pertaining to the cervical artificial disc replacement device. Summary of Background Data. The Internet is widely used by patients as an educational tool for health care information. In addition, the Internet is used as a medium for direct-to-consumer marketing. Increasing interest in cervical artificial disc replacement has led to the emergence of numerous Web sites offering information about this procedure. It is thought that patients can be influenced by information found on the Internet. Methods. A cross section of Web sites accessible to the general public was surveyed. Three commonly used search engines were used to locate 150 (50/search engine) Web sites providing information about the cervical artificial disc replacement. Each Web site was evaluated with regard to authorship and content. Results. Fifty-three percent of the Web sites reviewed were authorized by a private physician group, 4% by an academic physician group, 13% by industry, 16% were news reports, and 14% were not otherwise categorized. Sixty-five percent of Web sites offered a mechanism for direct contact and 19% provided clear patient eligibility criteria. Benefits were expressed in 80% of Web sites, whereas associated risks were described in 35% or less. European experiences were noted in 17% of Web sites, whereas only 9% of Web sites detailed the current US experience. Conclusion. The results of this study demonstrate that much of the content of the Internet-derived information pertaining to the cervical artificial disc replacement is for marketing purposes and may not represent unbiased information. Until we can confirm the content on a Web site to be accurate, patients should be cautioned when using the Internet as a source for health care information related to cervical disc replacement.
To Peer or Not to Peer: Modeling the Evolution of the Internet's AS-Level Topology

Internet connectivity at the AS level, defined in terms of pairwise logical peering relationships, is constantly evolving. This evolution is largely a response to economic, political, and technological changes that impact the way ASs conduct their business. We present a new framework for modeling this evolutionary process by identifying a set of criteria that ASs consider either in establishing a new peering relationship or in reassessing an existing relationship. The proposed framework is intended to capture key elements in the decision processes underlying the formation of these relationships. We present two decision processes that are executed by an AS, depending on its role in a given peering decision, as a customer or a peer of another AS. When acting as a peer, a key feature of the AS’s corresponding decision model is its reliance on realistic inter-AS traffic demands. To reflect the enormous heterogeneity among customer or peer ASs, our decision models are flexible enough to accommodate a wide range of AS-specific objectives. We demonstrate the potential of this new framework by considering different decision models in various realistic “what if” experiment scenarios. We implement these decision models to generate and study the evolution of the resulting AS graphs over time, and compare them against observed historical evolutionary features of the Internet at the AS level.