Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combattre les attaques par siphon dans les protocoles de routage en arbre

This work focuses on: (1) understanding the impact of sinkhole attacks on treebased routing topologies in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), and (2) investigating cryptography-based strategies to limit network degradation caused by these attacks. This work is particularly important as WSN protocols that construct a fixed routing topology may be significantly affected by malicious attacks. Furthermore, considering networks deployed in a difficult to access geographical region, building up resilience against such attacks rather than detection is expected to be more beneficial. We thus first provide a simulation study on the impact of malicious attacks based on a diverse set of parameters, such as the network scale and the position and number of malicious nodes. Based on this study, we propose a single but very representative metric for describing this impact. Second, we present the novel design and evaluation of two simple and resilient topology-based reconfiguration protocols that broadcasts cryptographic values. The results of our simulation study show that our reconfiguration protocols are practical and effective in improving resilience against sinkhole attacks, even in the presence of some collusion. Key-words: wireless sensor network, sinkhole attacks, resilience, tree-based routing protocols Combattre les attaques par siphon dans les protocoles de routage en arbre Résumé : Ce travail porte sur (1) l’évaluation de l’impact des attaques par siphon sur les topologies de routage à base d’arbre dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil (WSNs), et (2) l’utilisation de stratégies à base de cryptographie pour limiter les dégradations du réseau causées par ces attaques. Ce travail est particulièrement important car les protocoles WSN basés sur des topologies statiques peuvent être sévèrement affectés par les nœuds malicieux. De plus, en considérant les réseaux déployés dans les régions difficiles d’accès, les stratégies basées sur la résistance aux attaques peuvent être beaucoup plus efficaces que celles basées sur la détection de ces attaques. Aussi, nous décrivons d’abord une étude par simulations de l’impact d’attaques selon de nombreux paramêtres, tels que la taille du réseau ou la position ou le nombre de nœuds malicieux. Nous appuyant sur cette étude, nous proposons une métrique unique pour représenter cet impact, qui capture de nombreux paramêtres. Ensuite, nous présentons deux protocoles de reconfiguration par diffusion de valeurs cryptographiques. Les simulations montrent que ces protocoles sont pratiques et efficaces pour améliorer la résistance des réseaux contre les attaques en siphons, même en présence de collusion. Mots-clés : réseau de capteurs,attaque de siphon,routage en arbre Fighting Sinkholes Attacks in WSN 3
Circadian Rhythms in Sports Performance—an Update

We discuss current knowledge on the description, impact, and underlying causes of circadian rhythmicity in sports performance. We argue that there is a wealth of information from both applied and experimental work, which, when considered together, suggests that sports performance is affected by time of day in normal entrained conditions and that the variation has at least some input from endogenous mechanisms. Nevertheless, precise information on the relative importance of endogenous and exogenous factors is lacking. No single study can answer both the applied and basic research questions that are relevant to this topic, but an appropriate mixture of real‐world research on rhythm disturbances and tightly controlled experiments involving forced desynchronization protocols is needed. Important issues, which should be considered by any chronobiologist interested in sports and exercise, include how representative the study sample and the selected performance tests are, test‐retest reliability, as well as overall design of the experiment.
Agreement and differences between venous and arterial gas analysis

The agreement between ABG and VBG analysis was very strong for pH and PCO2 and but much less for PO2. From this, Koul et al.[1] conclude that it is not clinically acceptable enough to support uniform usage of venous PO2 instead of the arterial measurements in clinical situations. These results are entirely predictable on a physiological basis. Venous blood gas values depend on the arterial PO2, arterial-tissue exchanges, cardiac output and local blood fl ow. Normally, venous–arterial PCO2, pH and HCO3 differ only in a narrow range because of effective buffering and regulatory mechanisms, whereas PO2 differs greatly because the normal levels in tissues are 40 mmHg while arterial level is close to 100 mmHg. From the data presented, it is apparent that there were a substantial proportion of subjects with a normal ABG in this study and hence the results are as expected.
A proposal of unified reference model for smart manufacturing

This paper examines “Unified Reference Model-Map & Methodology (URM-MM)” as a development guideline for open-ecosystem, which support users to integrate individual components developed by diversified vendors in order to address complicated challenges, which is not easy to solve by a single vendor. The first contribution of this paper is finding insufficiency of not only functionality but also a process for building open-ecosystems through a survey on existing reference models/architecture. The second contribution is to shape URM-MM as a unified model, a development guideline for boosting discussions towards the realization of smart manufacturing.
Developments in FINDbase worldwide database for clinically relevant genomic variation allele frequencies

FINDbase (http://www.findbase.org) aims to document frequencies of clinically relevant genomic variations, namely causative mutations and pharmacogenomic markers, worldwide. Each database record includes the population, ethnic group or geographical region, the disorder name and the related gene, accompanied by links to any related databases and the genetic variation together with its frequency in that population. Here, we report, in addition to the regular data content updates, significant developments in FINDbase, related to data visualization and querying, data submission, interrelation with other resources and a new module for genetic disease summaries. In particular, (i) we have developed new data visualization tools that facilitate data querying and comparison among different populations, (ii) we have generated a new FINDbase module, built around Microsoft’s PivotViewer (http://www.getpivot.com) software, based on Microsoft Silverlight technology (http://www.silverlight.net), that includes 259 genetic disease summaries from five populations, systematically collected from the literature representing the documented genetic makeup of these populations and (iii) the implementation of a generic data submission tool for every module currently available in FINDbase.
Asymptotic acceleration of solving multivariate polynomial systems of equations

We propose new Las Vegas randomized algorithms for the solution of a multivariate generic or sparse polynomial system of equations. The algorithms useO (( +4n)3nD2 log b) arithmetic operations to approximate all real roots of the system as well as all roots lying in a fixed n-dimensional box or disc. Here D is an upper bound on the number of all the roots of the system, is the number of real roots or the roots lying in the box or disc, = 2 b is the required upper bound on the output errors, and O (s) stands for O(s logc s), c being a constant independent of s. We also yield the bounds O (12nD2) for the complexity of counting the numbers of all roots in a fixed box (disc) and all real roots and O (12nD2 log b) for the complete solution of generic system. For a large class of inputs and typically in practical computations, the factor is much smaller than D; = o(D). This improves by order of magnitude the known complexity estimates of order at least D3 log b or D3, which so far are the record ones even for approximating a single root of a system and for each of the cited counting problems, respectively. Our progress relies on proposing several novel techniques. In particular, we exploit the structure of matrices associated to a given polynomial system and relate it to the associated linear operators, dual space of linear forms, and algebraic residues; furthermore, our techniques support the new nontrivial extension of the matrix sign and quadratic inverse power iterations to the case of multivariate polynomial systems, where we emulate the recursive splitting of a univariate polynomial into factors of smaller degree.
Spatial Interactions between Successive Eye and Arm Movements: Signal Type Matters

Spatial interactions between consecutive movements are often attributed to inhibition of return (IOR), a phenomenon in which responses to previously signalled locations are slower than responses to unsignalled locations. In two experiments using peripheral target signals offset by 0°, 90°, or 180°, we show that consecutive saccadic (Experiment 1) and reaching (Experiment 3) responses exhibit a monotonic pattern of reaction times consistent with the currently established spatial distribution of IOR. In contrast, in two experiments with central target signals (i.e., arrowheads pointing at target locations), we find a non-monotonic pattern of reaction times for saccades (Experiment 2) and reaching movements (Experiment 4). The difference in the patterns of results observed demonstrates different behavioral effects that depend on signal type. The pattern of results observed for central stimuli are consistent with a model in which neural adaptation is occurring within motor networks encoding movement direction in a distributed manner.
Teachers and Their Workplace: Commitment, Performance, and Productivity

Foreword - Cecil Miskel Introduction - Pedro Reyes What Research has to Say about Commitment, Performance, and Productivity PART ONE: EMPIRICAL ISSUES Teacher Working Conditions - Karen Seashore Louis and Bets-Ann Smith Teacher's Efficacy at work - Mark A Smylie Teacher Participation in School Decision Making - Michael Imber and William A Neidt Teacher Attitudes about Work - Robert Kottkamp Teacher Performance Incentives - Craig E Richards and Mwalimu Shujaa PART TWO: THEORETICAL ISSUES Organizational Commitment of Teachers - Pedro Reyes Organizational Performance of Schools - Fred M Newmann and Doug A Archbald Organizational Productivity of Schools - Terry G Geske and Charles Teddlie PART THREE: PRACTICAL ISSUES Developing Teacher Commitment - Kent D Peterson and Judith L Martin The Role of the Administrator Managing School Performance - Ann Weaver Hart The Role of the Administrator Enhancing School Productivity - Herbert J Walberg The Role of the Administrator PART FOUR: EPILOGUE Linking Commitment, Performance, and Productivity - Pedro Reyes
NMDA receptor function in large-scale anticorrelated neural systems with implications for cognition and schizophrenia

Glutamatergic neurotransmission mediated by N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors is vital for the cortical computations underlying cognition and might be disrupted in severe neuropsychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia. Studies on this topic have been limited to processes in local circuits; however, cognition involves large-scale brain systems with multiple interacting regions. A prominent feature of the human brain’s global architecture is the anticorrelation of default-mode vs. task-positive systems. Here, we show that administration of an NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist, ketamine, disrupted the reciprocal relationship between these systems in terms of task-dependent activation and connectivity during performance of delayed working memory. Furthermore, the degree of this disruption predicted task performance and transiently evoked symptoms characteristic of schizophrenia. We offer a parsimonious hypothesis for this disruption via biophysically realistic computational modeling, namely cortical disinhibition. Together, the present findings establish links between glutamate’s role in the organization of large-scale anticorrelated neural systems, cognition, and symptoms associated with schizophrenia in humans.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease: relationship to different clinical variables.

OBJECTIVE This study is designed to evaluate the frequency of periodontal disease in a group of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and how this relates with diabetes metabolic control, duration of diabetes, and presence of diabetic complications. METHODS A comparison was made of periodontal parameters (plaque index, bleeding index, pocket depth and attachment loss) in a group of diabetic patients (n=90) versus a group of non-diabetics (n=90). Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate relationship between periodontal parameters and degree of metabolic control, the duration of the disease, and the appearance of complications. RESULTS Diabetics had greater bleeding index (p< 0.01), deeper periodontal pockets (p< 0.01) and more periodontal attachment loss (p< 0.01) than non-diabetics. Deficient metabolic control and presence of diabetic complication were associated with higher bleeding index and pocket depth (p<or= 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Patients with type 1 diabetes appear to show increased periodontal disease susceptibility, particularly those with poorer metabolic control or with diabetic complications.
African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells provide an alternative host cell system for influenza A and B viruses

The preparation of live, attenuated human influenza virus vaccines and of large quantities of inactivated vaccines after the emergence or reemergence of a pandemic influenza virus will require an alternative host cell system, because embryonated chicken eggs will likely be insufficient and suboptimal. Preliminary studies indicated that an African green monkey kidney cell line (Vero) is a suitable system for the primary isolation and cultivation of influenza A viruses (E. A. Govorkova, N. V. Kaverin, L. V. Gubareva, B. Meignier, and R. G. Webster, J. Infect. Dis. 172:250-253, 1995). We now demonstrate for the first time that Vero cells are suitable for isolation and productive replication of influenza B viruses and determine the biological and genetic properties of both influenza A and B viruses in Vero cells; additionally, we characterize the receptors on Vero cells compared with those on Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Sequence analysis indicated that the hemagglutinin of Vero cell-derived influenza B viruses was identical to that of MDCK-grown counterparts but differed from that of egg-grown viruses at amino acid positions 196 to 198. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis showed that although Vero cells possess predominantly alpha2,3 galactose-linked sialic acid, they are fully susceptible to infection with either human influenza A or B viruses. Moreover, all virus-specific polypeptides were synthesized in the same proportions in Vero cells as in MDCK cells. Electron microscopic and immunofluorescence studies confirmed that infected Vero cells undergo the same morphological changes as do other polarized epithelia] cells. Taken together, these results indicate that Vero cell lines could serve as an alternative host system for the cultivation of influenza A and B viruses, providing adequate quantities of either virus to meet the vaccine requirements imposed by an emerging pandemic.
The scheduling problem of self-suspending periodic real-time tasks

In this paper, we address the problem of scheduling periodic, possibly self-suspending, real-time tasks. We show how to use model checking to obtain both a necessary and sufficient feasibility test, and a schedulability test for classical scheduling policies (RM, DM, EDF). When these algorithms fail to schedule a feasible system, we show how to generate an appropriate scheduler. We provide also a method to test the sustainability of a schedule w.r. t execution and suspension durations. Finally, using a model checking tool we validate our approach.
Genome-wide association study of primary tooth eruption identifies pleiotropic loci associated with height and craniofacial distances

Twin and family studies indicate that the timing of primary tooth eruption is highly heritable, with estimates typically exceeding 80%. To identify variants involved in primary tooth eruption, we performed a population-based genome-wide association study of ‘age at first tooth’ and ‘number of teeth’ using 5998 and 6609 individuals, respectively, from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and 5403 individuals from the 1966 Northern Finland Birth Cohort (NFBC1966). We tested 2 446 724 SNPs imputed in both studies. Analyses were controlled for the effect of gestational age, sex and age of measurement. Results from the two studies were combined using fixed effects inverse variance meta-analysis. We identified a total of 15 independent loci, with 10 loci reaching genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10−8) for ‘age at first tooth’ and 11 loci for ‘number of teeth’. Together, these associations explain 6.06% of the variation in ‘age of first tooth’ and 4.76% of the variation in ‘number of teeth’. The identified loci included eight previously unidentified loci, some containing genes known to play a role in tooth and other developmental pathways, including an SNP in the protein-coding region of BMP4 (rs17563, P = 9.080 × 10−17). Three of these loci, containing the genes HMGA2, AJUBA and ADK, also showed evidence of association with craniofacial distances, particularly those indexing facial width. Our results suggest that the genome-wide association approach is a powerful strategy for detecting variants involved in tooth eruption, and potentially craniofacial growth and more generally organ development.
Functional logic overloading

Functional logic overloading is a novel approach to user-defined overloading that extends Haskell's concept of type classes in significant ways. Whereas type classes are conceptually predicates on types in standard Haskell, they are type functions in our approach. Thus, we can base type inference on the evaluation of functional logic programs. Functional logic programming provides a solid theoretical foundation for type functions and, at the same time, allows for programmable overloading resolution strategies by choosing different evaluation strategies for functional logic programs. Type inference with type functions is an instance of type inference with constrained types, where the underlying constraint system is defined by a functional logic program. We have designed a variant of Haskell which supports our approach to overloading, and implemented a prototype front-end for the language.
FGFR3 mutation frequency in 324 cases from the International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) is the only gene known to cause achondroplasia (ACH), hypochondroplasia (HCH), and thanatophoric dysplasia types I and II (TD I and TD II). A second, as yet unidentified, gene also causes HCH. In this study, we used sequencing analysis to determine the frequency of FGFR3 mutations for each phenotype in 324 cases from the International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry (ISDR). Our data suggest that there is a considerable overlap of genotype and phenotype between ACH and HCH. Thus, it is important to test for mutations found in either disorder when ACH or HCH is suspected. Only two of 29 cases with HCH did not have an identified mutation in FGFR3, much less than previously reported. We recommend testing other mutations in FGFR3, instead of just the common HCH mutation, p.Asn540Lys. The mutation frequency for TD I and TD II in the largest series of cases to date are also reported. This study provides valuable information on FGFR3 mutation frequency of four skeletal dysplasias for clinical diagnostic laboratories and clinicians.
The Intracellular Domain of the Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor Differentially Influences Adenovirus Entry

ABSTRACT The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a cell adhesion molecule used as a docking molecule by some adenoviruses (AdVs) and group B coxsackieviruses. We previously proposed that the preferential transduction of neurons by canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) is due to CAR-mediated internalization. Our proposed pathway of CAV-2 entry is in contrast to that of human AdV type 5 (HAdV-C5) in nonneuronal cells, where internalization is mediated by auxiliary receptors such as integrins. We therefore asked if in fibroblast-like cells the intracellular domain (ICD) of CAR plays a role in the internalization of the CAV-2 fiber knob (FKCAV), CAV-2, or HAdV-C5 when the capsid cannot engage integrins. Here, we show that in fibroblast-like cells, the CAR ICD is needed for FKCAV entry and efficient CAV-2 transduction but dispensable for HAdV-C5 and an HAdV-C5 capsid lacking the RGD sequence (an integrin-interacting motif) in the penton. Moreover, the deletion of the CAR ICD further impacts CAV-2 intracellular trafficking, highlighting the crucial role of CAR in CAV-2 intracellular dynamics. These data demonstrate that the CAR ICD contains sequences important for the recruitment of the endocytic machinery that differentially influences AdV cell entry. IMPORTANCE Understanding how viruses interact with the host cell surface and reach the intracellular space is of crucial importance for applied and fundamental virology. Here, we compare the role of a cell adhesion molecule (CAR) in the internalization of adenoviruses that naturally infect humans and Canidae. We show that the intracellular domain of CAR differentially regulates AdV entry and trafficking. Our study highlights the mechanistic differences that a receptor can have for two viruses from the same family.
Kinetics of Iron Import into Developing Mouse Organs Determined by a Pup-swapping Method*

Background: Rates of iron import from blood to developing organs were measured. Results: Two distinct iron species in the blood are imported. Conclusion: Nontransferrin-bound iron dominates the iron import process in young mice. Significance: The role of transferrin-bound iron in import should be reevaluated. The kinetics of dietary iron import into various organs of mice were evaluated using a novel pup-swapping approach. Newborn pups whose bodies primarily contained 56Fe or 57Fe were swapped at birth such that each nursed on milk containing the opposite isotope. A pup from each litter was euthanized weekly over a 7-week period. Blood plasma was obtained, and organs were isolated typically after flushing with Ringer's buffer. 56Fe and 57Fe concentrations were determined for organs and plasma; organ volumes were also determined. Mössbauer spectra of equivalent 57Fe-enriched samples were used to quantify residual blood in organs; this fraction was excluded from later analysis. Rates of import into brain, spleen, heart, and kidneys were highest during the first 2 weeks of life. In contrast, half of iron in the newborn liver exited during that time, and influx peaked later. Two mathematical models were developed to analyze the import kinetics. The only model that simulated the data adequately assumed that an iron-containing species enters the plasma and converts into a second species and that both are independently imported into organs. Consistent with this, liquid chromatography with an on-line ICP-MS detector revealed numerous iron species in plasma besides transferrin. Model fitting required that the first species, assigned to non-transferrin-bound iron, imports faster into organs than the second, assigned to transferrin-bound-iron. Non-transferrin-bound iron rather than transferrin-bound-iron appears to play the dominant role in importing iron into organs during early development of healthy mice.