Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN STRES DAN KECANDUAN SMARTPHONE PADA SISWA KELAS X SMA NEGERI 5 SURAKARTA

X grade students in the transition phase from junior high to high school are required to immediately adapt to the environment and master the lesson material that has never been before. With the sophistication of smartphones X-class students can solve problems they have to solve. This study aims to determine the relationship between stress with smartphone addiction in the class X students SMA Negeri 5 Surakarta. The hypothesis proposed is a significant positive relationship between stress with smartphone addiction in grade X students SMA N 5 Surakarta. The population of this study is the students of class X SMA Negeri 5 Surakarta as many as 300 students. A sample of 148 students consisting of 53 men and 95 women were obtained by cluster random sampling technique. The research instruments analyzed were Stress Scale (32 items; α = 0,88) and Smartphone Addiction Scale (29 items; α = 0,91). Simple regression analysis showed a positive and significant relationship between stress and subject matter smartphone addiction (rxy = 0.40; p <0.001). The results of this study indicate that the hypothesis proposed in this study accepted, ie there is a relationship between stress and addiction smartphones in the students of class X SMA Negeri 5 Surakarta. The data analysis shows R2 = 0.16 which explains that the contribution of stress to addiction of smartphone is 16% while the rest 84% is determined by other factor. Researchers provide suggestions for future researchers to conduct research into groups of subjects who have stress and high levels of smartphone addiction.
Histaminase and other tumor markers in malignant effusion fluids.

Abstract The association of histaminase with human cancer has been evaluated in this study by its presence at elevated levels in malignant effusion fluids. Over 400 fluid samples collected from 162 cancer patients of different primaries were analyzed in this study. Incidence of elevation of histaminase in the fluids were compared with that of three other tumor markers: carcinoembryonic antigens (CEA); β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin; and Reagan isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase, all measured in the same fluids. High levels of histaminase were found in 44% (72 of 162) of all cases examined compared with 43% for carcinoembryonic antigens, 35% for β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin, and 23% for Regan isoenzyme. Except in lymphoma, elevations of this enzyme were found in all major types of cancer with varying degree of frequency. A high percentage of elevated histaminase was found in the effusion fluids of patients with cancers of the ovary (87%), colon (73%), and stomach (88%). Examination of results of analyses of the four tumor markers in each individual patient reveals an immense diversity in the pattern of increase of these markers. Different patterns of elevation of these markers were observed among patients of different tumor primaries as well as patients with the same tumor primaries. In patients with cancer of the colon and stomach, the elevation of histaminase was found to correlate with the production of carcinoembryonic antigens in the majority of the cases; whereas among those with cancer of the ovary, the elevation of histaminase tended to concur with the production of β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin. Results of this study also demonstrated that histaminase in the malignant effusion fluids was immunologically identical to that of the placenta; thus, this study provides the basis for using the placental histaminase as an antigen for the detection and quantitation of this enzyme by immunological methods in tumor cells and in the circulation of cancer patients. Positive immunohistochemical staining of this enzyme in tumor cells collected from effusion fluids has provided supportive evidence for the tumor origin of the enzyme in the effusion fluids. Overall results of this study therefore indicate that histaminase is associated with a wide variety of human cancers and suggest that this enzyme could be a biochemical marker for some of the cancers.
The Failure of the Black Greek Letter Organization

Between 1906 and 1920, eight of the most prominent Black Greek-letter organizations were established. The creation of the Black fraternity had a dual purpose. First, these organizations were established for the greater purpose of pooling the resources of African Americans in the hopes of acquiring an education. Second, these organizations were formed as an attempt by Black students to gain acceptance into American society. Black Greek-letter organizations are some of the most influential organizations in the country. Collectively, these organizations claim approximately 800,000 members, with many coming from the social elite of Black culture. Despite the great influence and vast membership that these organizations possess, the activities of the Black Greek-letter organization have included secret meetings, selective membership, and a preference for lighter-complexioned members. Moreover, the failure and shortcomings of the Black Greek-letter organization have allowed Black elites to create a separate privileged society based on snobbery and arrogance and have thus enabled these organizations to perpetuate the vicious cycle of racial prejudice and White supremacy.
The Local Stellar Velocity Field via Vector Spherical Harmonics

We analyze the local field of stellar tangential velocities for a sample of 42,339 nonbinary Hipparcos stars with accurate parallaxes, using a vector spherical harmonic formalism. We derive simple relations between the parameters of the classical linear model (Ogorodnikov-Milne) of the local systemic field and low-degree terms of the general vector harmonic decomposition. Taking advantage of these relationships, we determine the solar velocity with respect to the local stars of (VX, VY, VZ) = (10.5, 18.5, 7.3) ± 0.1 km s-1 not corrected for the asymmetric drift with respect to the local standard of rest. If only stars more distant than 100 pc are considered, the peculiar solar motion is (VX, VY, VZ) = (9.9, 15.6, 6.9) ± 0.2 km s-1. The adverse effects of harmonic leakage, which occurs between the reflex solar motion represented by the three electric vector harmonics in the velocity space and higher degree harmonics in the proper-motion space, are eliminated in our analysis by direct subtraction of the reflex solar velocity in its tangential components for each star. The Oort parameters determined by a straightforward least-squares adjustment in vector spherical harmonics are A = 14.0 ± 1.4, B = -13.1 ± 1.2, K = 1.1 ± 1.8, and C = -2.9 ± 1.4 km s-1 kpc-1. The physical meaning and the implications of these parameters are discussed in the framework of a general linear model of the velocity field. We find a few statistically significant higher degree harmonic terms that do not correspond to any parameters in the classical linear model. One of them, a third-degree electric harmonic, is tentatively explained as the response to a negative linear gradient of rotation velocity with distance from the Galactic plane, which we estimate at ∼-20 km s-1 kpc-1. A similar vertical gradient of rotation velocity has been detected for more distant stars representing the thick disk (z > 1 kpc), but here we surmise its existence in the thin disk at z < 200 pc. The most unexpected and unexplained term within the Ogorodnikov-Milne model is the first-degree magnetic harmonic, representing a rigid rotation of the stellar field about the axis -Y pointing opposite to the direction of rotation. This harmonic comes out with a statistically robust coefficient of 6.2 ± 0.9 km s-1 kpc-1 and is also present in the velocity field of more distant stars. The ensuing upward vertical motion of stars in the general direction of the Galactic center and the downward motion in the anticenter direction are opposite to the vector field expected from the stationary Galactic warp model.
A Longitudinal Study of the Effect of Computers on the Cognitive Development of Low-Income African American Preschool Children

ABSTRACT Research Findings: The current study examined the impact of daily classroom computer use on the cognitive development of preschool children in 14 urban Head Start classrooms. The sample consisted of 208 predominantly African American low-income children with a mean age of 48.8 months. A quasi-experimental design was used in which 7 classrooms had computers and 7 classrooms served as the control. Assessments were made at baseline and at 6, 12, and 18 months. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to assess differences between the computer and control groups on cognitive developmental trajectories. Children in the computer condition displayed significantly greater increases in quantitative development than did children from the control condition. Practice or Policy: Children’s access to computers at home and at school has become increasingly prevalent. However, there is still a substantial disparity in access to technology between different socioeconomic groups. The preschool years may offer a promising opportunity to close this gap in access; however, little is known about the impact of computers on the developing minds of children, particularly those from low-income African American families. Findings from the current study suggest that daily use of computer centers in the Head Start classroom may benefit quantitative outcomes for young children.
Efficient and low-complexity user selection for the multiuser MISO downlink

In this work an efficient low-complexity user selection algorithm for the multiuser MISO downlink wireless channel is presented. The algorithm combines Zero-Forcing linear precoding with low-complexity correlation-based Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) and aims at maximizing the sum rate of all system users. The complexity of the algorithm is analyzed and is shown to be lower than previously proposed schemes. Moreover, simulation results indicate that the performance penalty is small.
Research projects and secondary mathematics pre-service teachers’ sense of efficacy

ABSTRACT This two-year study investigated the differences in the level and amounts of change in teaching efficacy of secondary pre-service mathematics teachers who completed one of two different research projects during a methods course. The first type, field research, involved a three day trip to an urban school to investigate successful mathematics teaching and learning from engaging directly with practitioners. For the second type, text-based research, participants remained on campus and investigated successful mathematics teaching and learning through text-based literature. Pre-service teachers were separated into two self-selected groups based on the type of research project they completed. The two types of research projects were focused and grounded one source of self-efficacy: vicarious experience. Within the possible vicarious experiences that inform pre-service teachers’ sense of efficacy, two are readily applicable for teacher educators: watching others teach followed by discussing results (field research) and reading professional literature followed by discussions of enacting those ideas (text-based research). Data revealed that pre-service mathematics teachers showed improved teaching efficacy. Those who did field-based research had a higher level and greater increase on measures of teaching efficacy compared to peers completing text-based research. Implications for mathematics teacher educators are discussed.
Taming wildcards in Java's type system

Wildcards have become an important part of Java's type system since their introduction 7 years ago. Yet there are still many open problems with Java's wildcards. For example, there are no known sound and complete algorithms for subtyping (and consequently type checking) Java wildcards, and in fact subtyping is suspected to be undecidable because wildcards are a form of bounded existential types. Furthermore, some Java types with wildcards have no joins, making inference of type arguments for generic methods particularly difficult. Although there has been progress on these fronts, we have identified significant shortcomings of the current state of the art, along with new problems that have not been addressed. In this paper, we illustrate how these shortcomings reflect the subtle complexity of the problem domain, and then present major improvements to the current algorithms for wildcards by making slight restrictions on the usage of wildcards. Our survey of existing Java programs suggests that realistic code should already satisfy our restrictions without any modifications. We present a simple algorithm for subtyping which is both sound and complete with our restrictions, an algorithm for lazily joining types with wildcards which addresses some of the shortcomings of prior work, and techniques for improving the Java type system as a whole. Lastly, we describe various extensions to wildcards that would be compatible with our algorithms.
Austerity policing, emotional labour and the boundaries of police work: an ethnography of a police force control room in England

This article discusses the changing role of policing in an era of austerity from the perspective of frontline civilian police staff (call handlers and dispatchers) in a force control room (FCR). It draws on a symbolic interactionist framework and the concept of emotional labour (Hochschild 1979; 1983[2012]) in order to explore the emotional responses and strategies engaged in by staff when responding to 101 non-emergency calls and 999 emergency calls. The clash of public and police expectations, and the emotional labour expended when managing this clash, provide a valuable insight into the frontline staff perspective on the changing role of the police under austerity. Data is drawn from ethnographic fieldwork in the control room of a police force in England.
Positive development over the transition to adulthood: its nature and antecedents

This thesis explores the nature, development, and correlates of positive development over the transition to adulthood. Recently, calls have been made for a greater focus on successful functioning over the life span. The positive development framework, which in general terms refers to the positive aspects of human behaviour and to successful developmental outcomes, seeks to address these calls and provides a framework for understanding pathways towards adaptive functioning. The potential for positive development is of particular relevance to the emerging adulthood period, as successful development during this period is likely to affect the degree to which young people become well-functioning adults with the capacity to successfully negotiate the tasks of adulthood. Emerging adulthood extends from the late teens to the early twenties and is defined by extensive role exploration, without clear normative expectations (Arnett, 2000a). It has been described as a window of opportunity for positive change in life course trajectories, but is also a period in which the incidence of risk behaviours and mental health problems is relatively high. The current study draws on data from the Australian Temperament Project (ATP), a large scale longitudinal community based study, which has followed the development of a cohort of Australian children from infancy to emerging adulthood. A robust multidimensional model of positive development in emerging adulthood has recently been developed using ATP data, that identifies five important domains of positive development at 19-20 years, including social competence, life satisfaction, trust and tolerance of others, trust in authorities and organisations, and civic action and engagement (M. Hawkins, Letcher, Sanson, Smart, & Toumbourou, 2009). Using this model, the current research aims to contribute to understanding of the nature of
Format Effects in Volume Discounts to Consumers Chosen category for the paper : Research paper

Purpose Using a classification of benefits and costs of promotional offers (Raghubir et al., 2004) along three routes – economic, informational and affective – this paper aims at evaluating, from the consumer's point of view, the relative perceptual disadvantages of separate-item bundles compared to pre-wrapped bundles. Design/methodology/approach The marketing literature and a qualitative study based on 18 consumers permit us to identify the relative perceived costs and benefits associated with separate-item bundles and to derive hypotheses. An experiment on a sample of 120 adult consumers was then set up to test these hypotheses. Findings The findings suggest that consumers associate separate-item bundles with higher economic benefit but also with higher inspection costs. From a more global perspective, there is no loss of interest in separate-item bundles compared to pre-wrapped bundles. Research limitations/implications Focusing our research on separate-item bundles clarifies the way consumers evaluate promotions. Its qualitative phase gives support to the relevance of an " informational route " (Raghubir et al., 2004), beyond the traditional utilitarian and hedonic routes (Chandon et al., 3 2000). Its quantitative phase confirms the importance of cognitive biases in consumers' perceptions of promotions. Practical implications The numerous advantages of separate-item bundles for manufacturers and retailers and their attraction to consumers should lead to an increasingly intensive use in promotional campaigns. Besides, the quality of in-store communication is the most important factor of the success of separate-item bundles, which provides the opportunity to propose meaningful recommendations for practitioners. If the strengths and weaknesses of separate-item bundles have already been studied from a managerial point of view, to our knowledge, no research has focused on separate-item bundle efficiency from the consumer's point of view.
A Comparison of Two Measures of HIV Diversity in Multi-Assay Algorithms for HIV Incidence Estimation

Background Multi-assay algorithms (MAAs) can be used to estimate HIV incidence in cross-sectional surveys. We compared the performance of two MAAs that use HIV diversity as one of four biomarkers for analysis of HIV incidence. Methods Both MAAs included two serologic assays (LAg-Avidity assay and BioRad-Avidity assay), HIV viral load, and an HIV diversity assay. HIV diversity was quantified using either a high resolution melting (HRM) diversity assay that does not require HIV sequencing (HRM score for a 239 base pair env region) or sequence ambiguity (the percentage of ambiguous bases in a 1,302 base pair pol region). Samples were classified as MAA positive (likely from individuals with recent HIV infection) if they met the criteria for all of the assays in the MAA. The following performance characteristics were assessed: (1) the proportion of samples classified as MAA positive as a function of duration of infection, (2) the mean window period, (3) the shadow (the time period before sample collection that is being assessed by the MAA), and (4) the accuracy of cross-sectional incidence estimates for three cohort studies. Results The proportion of samples classified as MAA positive as a function of duration of infection was nearly identical for the two MAAs. The mean window period was 141 days for the HRM-based MAA and 131 days for the sequence ambiguity-based MAA. The shadows for both MAAs were <1 year. Both MAAs provided cross-sectional HIV incidence estimates that were very similar to longitudinal incidence estimates based on HIV seroconversion. Conclusions MAAs that include the LAg-Avidity assay, the BioRad-Avidity assay, HIV viral load, and HIV diversity can provide accurate HIV incidence estimates. Sequence ambiguity measures obtained using a commercially-available HIV genotyping system can be used as an alternative to HRM scores in MAAs for cross-sectional HIV incidence estimation.
Combining Temporal and Spectral Features in HMM-Based Drum Transcription

To date several methods for transcribing drums from polyphonic music have been published. Majority of the features used in the transcription systems are “spectral”: parameterising some property of the signal spectrum in a relatively short time frames. It has been shown that utilising narrow-band features describing long-term temporal evolution in conjunction with the more traditional features can improve the overall performance in speech recognition. We investigate similar utilisation of temporal features in addition to the HMM baseline. The effect of the proposed extension is evaluated with simulations on acoustic data, and the results suggest that temporal features do improve the result slightly. Demonstrational signals of the transcription results are available at http://www.cs. tut.fi/sgn/arg/paulus/demo/. 1
The role of acoustic periodicity in perceiving speech

This thesis investigated the role of one important acoustic feature, periodicity, in the perception of speech. In the context of this thesis, periodicity denotes that a speech sound is voiced, giving rise to a sonorous sound quality sharply opposed to that of noisy unvoiced sounds. In a series of behavioural and electroencephalography (EEG) experiments, it was tested how the presence and absence of periodicity in both target speech and background noise affects the ability to understand speech, and its cortical representation. Firstly, in quiet listening conditions, speech with a natural amount of periodicity and completely aperiodic speech were equally intelligible, while completely periodic speech was much harder to understand. In the presence of a masker, however, periodicity in the target speech mattered little. In contrast, listeners substantially benefitted from periodicity in the masker and this socalled masker-periodicity benefit (MPB) was about twice as large as the fluctuatingmasker benefit (FMB) obtained from masker amplitude modulations. Next, cortical EEG responses to the same three target speech conditions were recorded. In an attempt to isolate effects of periodicity and intelligibility, the trials were sorted according to the correctness of the listeners’ spoken responses. More periodicity rendered the event-related potentials more negative during the first second after sentence onset, while a slow negativity was observed when the sentences were more intelligible. Additionally, EEG alpha power (7–10 Hz) was markedly increased before the least intelligible sentences. This finding is taken to indicate that the listeners have not been fully focussed on the task before these trials. The same EEG data were also analysed in the frequency domain, which revealed a distinct response pattern, with more theta power (5–6.3 Hz) and a trend for less beta power (11–18 Hz), in the fully periodic condition, but again no differences between the other two conditions. This pattern may indicate that the subjects internally rehearsed the sentences in the periodic condition before they verbally responded. Crucially, EEG power in the delta range (1.7–2.7 Hz) was substantially increased during the second half of intelligible sentences, when compared to their unintelligible counterparts. Lastly, effects of periodicity in the perception of speech in noise were examined in simulations of cochlear implants (CIs). Although both were substantially reduced, the MPB was still about twice as large as the FMB, highlighting the robustness of periodicity cues, even with the limited access to spectral information provided by simulated CIs. On the other hand, the larger absolute reduction of the MBP compared to normal-hearing also suggests that the inability to exploit periodicity cues may be an even more important factor in explaining the poor performance of CI users than the inability to benefit from masker fluctuations.