Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The genetic architecture of novel trophic specialists: larger effect sizes are associated with exceptional oral jaw diversification in a pupfish adaptive radiation

The genetic architecture of adaptation is fundamental to understanding the mechanisms and constraints governing diversification. However, most case studies focus on loss of complex traits or parallel speciation in similar environments. It is still unclear how the genetic architecture of these local adaptive processes compares to the architecture of evolutionary transitions contributing to morphological and ecological novelty. Here, we identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) between two trophic specialists in an excellent case study for examining the origins of ecological novelty: a sympatric radiation of pupfishes endemic to San Salvador Island, Bahamas, containing a large‐jawed scale‐eater and a short‐jawed molluscivore with a skeletal nasal protrusion. These specialized niches and trophic traits are unique among over 2000 related species. Measurements of the fitness landscape on San Salvador demonstrate multiple fitness peaks and a larger fitness valley isolating the scale‐eater from the putative ancestral intermediate phenotype of the generalist, suggesting that more large‐effect QTL should contribute to its unique phenotype. We evaluated this prediction using an F2 intercross between these specialists. We present the first linkage map for pupfishes and detect significant QTL for sex and eight skeletal traits. Large‐effect QTL contributed more to enlarged scale‐eater jaws than the molluscivore nasal protrusion, consistent with predictions from the adaptive landscape. The microevolutionary genetic architecture of large‐effect QTL for oral jaws parallels the exceptional diversification rates of oral jaws within the San Salvador radiation observed over macroevolutionary timescales and may have facilitated exceptional trophic novelty in this system.
Enumeration in Closure Spaces with Applications to Algebra

We show how the concept of enumeration reducibility from comput-ability theory may be applied to obtain computability conditions on descriptions of substructures of algebras, more prominently on the language of forbidden words of a subshift, and on the word problem for finitely generated groups. Many of the results here are already known for recursively presented groups and effectively closed subshifts, but using enumeration reducibility we are able to generalize them to arbitrary objects. The proof is based on a topological framework similar to universal algebra, and generalizes in particular work by Kuznetsov and others.
Social Work and Social Theory: Making Connections

Introduction Part One: Debating modernity: 'How to be modern' Theorising modernity 'Solid' modernity and 'Liquid' modernity Modernity and capitalism Modernity and the unfinished neoliberal project Part Two: Theorists: Thinking with Gramsci Thinking with Bourdieu Thinking with Habermas Thinking with Honneth and Fraser New directions? Boltanski and Chiapello, Negri and Badiou Conclusion.
ICT in teacher education: Examining needs, expectations and attitudes

An exploratory case study was designed to obtain pre-service teachers’ expectations of and attitudes toward the learning and integrating of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) into their teaching and learning. Given the diverse demographic backgrounds and social conditions of the teacher candidates, such as age, gender, English language proficiency, and previous education, a wide range of responses to the online survey and the semi-structured focus group interview questions was expected. Implementation of the sequential mixed method research design resulted in emerging themes related to participants’ social conditions that impact their perceptions and attitudes regarding the ICT and beliefs about the use of ICT in their future careers. Findings from this study are compared to earlier studies done in the same setting. Findings from this case study show unexpected consistency in teacher candidates’ comments despite changed circumstances. This study could be employed as a useful reference for the design of an ICT curriculum for Teacher Education programs. Resume : Une etude de cas exploratoire a ete concue afin de connaitre les attentes et les dispositions des futurs enseignants a l’egard de l’apprentissage et de l’integration des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) dans leur pratique d’enseignement et leur apprentissage. L’obtention d’un large eventail de reponses a l’enquete en ligne et aux questions semi-structurees du groupe de discussion etait prevue compte tenu de la diversite des horizons demographiques et des conditions sociales des candidats (notamment l’âge, le sexe, le niveau de connaissance de l’anglais et la formation anterieure). L’utilisation de la methode de recherche sequentielle mixte a conduit a l’emergence de themes lies aux conditions sociales des participants, conditions qui influencent leurs perceptions et leurs dispositions a l’egard des TIC ainsi que leurs opinions au sujet de l’utilisation des TIC dans leur future carriere. Les resultats de cette etude sont compares a des etudes anterieures effectuees dans un cadre similaire. Les resultats de cette etude de cas revelent une coherence inattendue des commentaires des futurs enseignants malgre des differences circonstancielles. Cette etude pourrait etre utilisee en tant qu’outil de reference utile pour la conception de cours sur les TIC a l’interieur des programmes de formation des enseignants.
PROFIL TAHAP KEPRIHATINAN GURU TERHADAP INOVASI KURIKULUM STANDARD SEKOLAH RENDAH (KSSR) BERDASARKAN MODEL CONCERN-BASED ADOPTION MODEL (CBAM)

This study was aimed at identifying the stage of concern profile toward the KSSR innovation (Standard Curriculum for Primary Schools) based on teachers’ stage of concern. The stage of concern profile gives a clear picture of the understanding and teacher feedback toward contemporary focus in educational change. This study used the Model Penerimaan Berasaskan Keprihatinan (MPBK) or Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM) as the theoretical framework to explicate primary school teachers’ concerns in implementing the KSSR innovation. Data were collected through the questionnaire on stage of teacher concern or the Stages of Concern Questionnaire (SoCQ) published based on the CBAM. Descriptive analysis was conducted on the sample of the study. The research sample consisted of 192 teachers from 14 SJK(C) from Barat Daya, Pulau Pinang. The findings show that the level of use profile for postgraduate qualified teachers was “experienced user” in implementing KSSR innovation. Whereas the profile for teachers group based on demographic factors age, academic qualification, teaching experience and number of times attended courses/in-service training in KSSR as well as the general profile show characteristics of “distrustful nonuser” meaning that teachers show high concern for awareness, informational, personal, management and refocusing in implementing KSSR innovation. This shows that teachers favored ideas different from ideas related to the KSSR innovation being implemented. This finding must be taken as a warning that teachers are possibly facing restrictions in implementing KSSR innovation.
Towards a Non-Human Primate Model of Alpha-Synucleinopathy for Development of Therapeutics for Parkinson’s Disease: Optimization of AAV1/2 Delivery Parameters to Drive Sustained Expression of Alpha Synuclein and Dopaminergic Degeneration in Macaque

Recent failures in clinical trials for disease modification in Parkinson’s disease have highlighted the need for a non-human primate model of the synucleinopathy underpinning dopaminergic neuron degeneration. The present study was defined to begin the development of such a model in cynomolgus macaque. We have validated surgical and vector parameters to define a means to provide a robust over-expression of alpha-synuclein which is associated with Lewy-like pathology and robust degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway. Thus, an AAV1/2 vector incorporating strong transcription and transduction regulatory elements was used to deliver the gene for the human A53T mutation of alpha-synuclein. When injected into 4 sites within each substantia nigra (7 μl per site, 1.7 x 1012 gp/ml), this vector provided expression lasting at least 4 months, and a 50% loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons and a 60% reduction in striatal dopamine. Further studies will be required to develop this methodology into a validated model of value as a drug development platform.
Volumetric obscurance

Obscurance and Ambient Occlusion (AO) are popular techniques in both film and games that model how ambient light is shadowed. While it is largely a solved problem for static scenes, for dynamic scenes it is still difficult to compute at interactive rates. Recent attempts to compute AO in screen space for dynamic scenes either have poor performance or suffer from under-sampling problems. We formulate the problem as a 3D volumetric integral, which maps more naturally to graphics hardware. This integral can be solved using line samples to improve the under-sampling problems that plague other techniques. Following the idea of line integrals to its logical conclusion, we show results using area samples that use a simple statistical model of the depth buffer that allows us to use a single sample. We also discuss strategies for generating point, line, and area sample patterns along with ways to incorporate the surface normal into the volume obscurance calculation.
Turkish critical care nurses' views on end-of-life decision making and practices.

BACKGROUND Life-sustaining treatments are increasingly used in intensive care units (ICUs) for EOL care, but the decision to use these may cause ethical issues. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the views and practices of critical care nurses in Turkey on the end-of-life (EOL) care. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS The research was conducted in 32 second- and third-level ICUs of 19 Ministry of Health research hospitals in Turkey. The Views of European Nurses in Intensive Care on EOL Care tool was used for data collection. RESULTS The total sample size was 602. While half of the nurses stated that the withholding and withdrawal of life support were ethically different decisions, 40% felt both decisions were unethical. The expected quality of life as viewed by the patient, the medical team, the family and the nursing team (90·4%, 85·4%, and 83·4%, respectively) was an important factor in EOL decision making. The majority of the nurses (75·7%) were not directly involved in the EOL decision making and 78·4% of nurses were committed to family involvement in EOL decisions. When withdrawing treatment, 87·2% of ICU nurses agreed that the patient and family members should perform their final religious and spiritual duties. Further results showed that after withdrawing treatment, a majority of nurses (86%) agreed to continue pressure sore prevention, effective pain relief (85·5%), nutritional support (77·6%) and hydration (64·8%). Almost half (48·2%) indicated that keeping the patients in the ICU was unnecessary. CONCLUSION ICU nurses expressed a range of experiences and practices regarding EOL care. ICU nurses should be more involved in the decision-making process about EOL care. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Due to their unique relationship with patients, nurses should be involved in EOL care decision making; however, patients, families or nurses are not often involved in the decision-making process in Turkey.
Recommended Test Conditions for SEB Evaluation of Planar Power DMOSFETs

This paper discusses issues concerning single-event burnout (SEB) and single-event gate rupture (SEGR); explains and provides a basic overview of the preferred test conditions and procedures that would yield the most meaningful test results in evaluating power MOSFETs' SEB susceptibilities, describes how to correctly identify SEB and SEGR failure modes to derive the most feasible failure mechanisms.
Phylogenetic Groups of Escherichia coli Strains from Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Iran Based on the New Clermont Phylotyping Method

Objectives. In 2013, Clermont classified E. coli strains into eight phylogenetic groups using a new quadruplex PCR method. The aims of this study were to identify the phylogenetic groups of E. coli based on this method and to assess their antibiotic resistance patterns in Bushehr, Iran. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 140 E. coli isolates were subjected to phylogenetic typing by a quadruplex PCR method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method. Results. Phylogenetic group B2 was most predominant (39.3%), followed by unknown (27.1%), E (9.3%), C and clade I (each 6.4%), B1 (5%), F and D (each 2.9%), and A (0.7%). The most common antibiotic resistance was related to amoxicillin (82.1%) and the least to meropenem (0.7%). 82.14% of isolates were multiple drug resistant (MDR). Antibiotic resistance was mainly detected in group B2 (50%). Conclusions. Our findings showed the high prevalence of MDR E. coli isolates with dominance of group B2. About 25% of E. coli isolates belong to the newly described phylogroups C, E, F, and clade I. Such studies need to be done also in other regions to provide greater understanding of the antibiotic resistance pattern and the prevalences of different phylogenetic groups.
Happiness: Unlocking the Mysteries of Psychological Wealth

Foreword by Carol Diener. Part 1: Understanding true wealth. 1. Psychological Wealth: The Balanced Portfolio. 2. Two Principles of Psychological Wealth. Part 2: Happy people function better. 3. Health and Happiness. 4. Happiness and Social Relationships: - You Can't Do Without Them. 5. Happiness at Work: It Pays to be Happy. Part 3: Causes of happiness and genuine wealth. 6. Can Money Buy Happiness? 7. Religion, Spirituality, and Happiness. 8. The Happiest Places on Earth: Culture and Well-being. 9. Nature and Nurture-Is There a Happiness Set-Point, and Can You Change It? 10. Our Crystal Balls: Happiness Forecasting. 11. Taking AIM: Attention, Interpretation, and Memory. Part 4: Putting it all together . 12. Yes, You Can Be Too Happy. 13. Living Happily Ever After. 14. Measuring Your Psychological Wealth. Epilogue: About the Science of Happiness. Further Reading. References.
Analysis of Synchronization Impairments for Cooperative Base Stations Using OFDM

Base station cooperation is envisioned as a key technology for future cellular networks, as it has the potential to eliminate intercell interference and to enhance spectral efficiency. To date, there is still lack of understanding of how imperfect carrier and sampling frequency synchronization between transmitters and receivers limit the potential gains and what the actual system requirements are. In this paper, OFDM signal model is established for multiuser multicellular networks, describing the joint effect of multiple carrier and sampling frequency offsets. It is shown that the impact of sampling offsets is much smaller than the impact of carrier frequency offsets. The model is extended to the downlink of base-coordinated networks and closed-form expressions are derived for the mean power of users’ self-signal, interuser, and intercarrier interference, whereas it is shown that interuser interference is the main source of degradation. The SIR is inverse to the base stations’ carrier frequency variance and to the square of time since the last precoder update, whereas it grows with the number of base stations and drops with the number of users. Through user selection, the derived SIR upper bound can be approached. Finally, system design recommendations for meeting synchronization requirements are provided.
Enhanced Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells through Corrosion‐Free Pyridine Derivatives in Hole‐Transporting Materials

The molecular structure of pyridine derivatives is critical to perovskite solar cell performance, especially stability. Most of the pyridine additives easily form complexes with perovskite. A new pyridine additive with a long alkyl chain substituted at its o-position does not corrode perovskite. The stability of devices containing this additive is the highest among the investigated cells.
A New Version of the Geriatric Depression Scale for Nursing and Residential Home Populations: The Geriatric Depression Scale (Residential) (GDS-12R)

The objective was to develop a new short-form Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-12R) suitable for older people living in nursing and residential care settings, including those persons with significant cognitive impairment. A total of 308 newly admitted residents of 30 nursing and residential homes in northwest England were interviewed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), the Mini-Mental State Examination, and the Affect Balance Scale (ABS). A 12-item version of the GDS was shown to have greater internal reliability than the 15-item version, because of the context-dependent nature of the deleted items. There was close agreement between the GDS-12R items and another indicator of depressed mood (a single item from the ABS). Furthermore, moderate to high levels of cognitive impairment did not affect the performance of the new version of the scale. The GDS-12R provides researchers and clinicians with a brief, easy-to-administer depression scale that is relevant to residential and nursing home populations.
Differential Pro-Inflammatory Responses of Astrocytes and Microglia Involve STAT3 Activation in Response to 1800 MHz Radiofrequency Fields

Microglia and astrocytes play important role in maintaining the homeostasis of central nervous system (CNS). Several CNS impacts have been postulated to be associated with radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields exposure. Given the important role of inflammation in neural physiopathologic processes, we investigated the pro-inflammatory responses of microglia and astrocytes and the involved mechanism in response to RF fields. Microglial N9 and astroglial C8-D1A cells were exposed to 1800 MHz RF for different time with or without pretreatment with STAT3 inhibitor. Microglia and astrocytes were activated by RF exposure indicated by up-regulated CD11b and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). However, RF exposure induced differential pro-inflammatory responses in astrocytes and microglia, characterized by different expression and release profiles of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, PGE2, nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2). Moreover, the RF exposure activated STAT3 in microglia but not in astrocytes. Furthermore, the STAT3 inhibitor Stattic ameliorated the RF-induced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in microglia but not in astrocytes. Our results demonstrated that RF exposure differentially induced pro-inflammatory responses in microglia and astrocytes, which involved differential activation of STAT3 in microglia and astrocytes. Our data provide novel insights into the potential mechanisms of the reported CNS impacts associated with mobile phone use and present STAT3 as a promising target to protect humans against increasing RF exposure.
MOBILE ROBOT LOCALIZATION IN INDOOR ENVIRONMENT USING SCALE-INVARIANT VISUAL LANDMARKS

This paper presents a three-dimensional mobile robot localization system using visual landmarks. We use the scale-invariant feature points as visual landmarks. This feature is independent of camera view point, thus it is proper to use the landmark. The keypoints detected by SIFT are invariant to scale change and rotations, thus we use the keypoint as a landmark. Since the image coordinates for the landmarks are projected depending on the camera pose, the camera pose is determined using the relation between the two-dimensional image coordinates and three-dimensional world coordinates for the landmarks. The camera pose is considered the same as the robot pose, as the camera taking the images is fixed to the robot. The inclusion of falsely detected landmarks has an adverse effect on the accuracy of the robot localization. Therefore, the proposed method estimates the robot pose, while eliminating any falsely detected landmarks. To evaluate the proposed method, experiments are performed using a mobile blimp robot in an indoor environment. The results confirm that the proposed method can estimate the robot pose with a good accuracy.
Nonlocality, Lorentz invariance, and Bohmian quantum theory.

We discuss the problem of finding a Lorentz invariant extension of Bohmian mechanics. Due to the nonlocality of the theory there is (for systems of more than one particle) no obvious way to achieve such an extension. We present a model invariant under a certain limit of Lorentz transformations, a limit retaining the characteristic feature of relativity, the nonexistence of absolute time, i.e., of simultaneity. The analysis of this model exemplifies an important property of any Bohmian quantum theory: the quantum equilibrium distribution \ensuremath{\rho}=\ensuremath{\Vert}\ensuremath{\psi}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Vert}}}^{2}$ cannot simultaneously be realized in all Lorentz frames of reference. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Periodic pulsed electron emission from single hot carbon nanotubes

Electron emission from single hot carbon nanotubes (CNTs) heated by self-Joule heating is in situ studied inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the emitted electrons are detected by the Everhart-Thornley detector. Periodic pulsed electron emission is observed to overlap on a dc background. The period of the pulses is measured to be 292 ms with no dependence on the bias voltage applied to CNTs and the length and diameter of CNTs. The duration of the pulses increases linearly from 80 to 180 μs when the bias voltage increases from 2.84 to 3.00 V. The periodic pulsed electron emission is attributed to periodic change of the work function of CNTs due to oscillatory reactions on the hot CNT surface. A possible oscillatory reaction is the decomposition of residual water in SEM chamber into oxygen and hydrogen.
On Herding in Deep Networks

Maximum likelihood learning in Markov Random Fields (MRFs) with multiple layers of hidden units is typically performed using contrastive divergence or one of its variants. After learning, samples from the model are generally used to estimate expectations under the model distribution. Recently, Welling proposed a new approach to working with MRFs with a single layer of hidden units. The approach, called herding, tries to combine the two stages, learning and sampling, into a single stage. Herding runs the network as a deterministic dynamical system, similar to a Hopfield network. Expectations computed over trajectories of the dynamical system can be shown to converge to expectations computed over the data. In this technical report, we investigate herding in MRFs with multiple layers of hidden units, so-called deep networks. We derive the herding dynamics for deep networks, and we investigate the effect of three important characteristics on the performance of classifiers that are trained on energy averages over the herding trajectories: (1) the effect of the step size employed in the herder, (2) the effect of different initializations of the network in the positive and in the negative phase, and (3) the effect of different network architectures. From the results of our experiments, we observe that, although in networks with a single layer of hidden units the performance can be proven to be equal for finite step sizes, the step size highly influences the performance of herders in deep networks. Moreover, our results suggest that herding in deep networks requires a different type of network architecture than deep MRF models that are trained using maximum likelihood learning. Presumably, these experimental observations can be explained by a decoupling phenomenon in the top hidden units: the top hidden units run decoupled from the data, as a result they only feed noise into the network. In order to successfully herd in deep networks, future work should develop and investigate approaches to prevent higher hidden layers from decoupling.