Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cost reduction of a permanent magnet in-wheel electric vehicle traction motor

This paper describes a motor for use within the wheel of an electric vehicle. It demonstrates the influence of various rotor parameters on an outer rotor permanent magnet motor (ORPM) with Surface-mounted magnets (SM). The aim of this paper is to reduce the magnet volume, while maintaining the torque performance through the complete operating range. Six different magnet topologies are investigated firstly. Then, Semi Surface-mounted Permanent Magnet (SSPM), I shape tangential PM (IPM) and V shape interior PM (VPM) designs are compared in terms of torque capability at certain magnet volume. The VPM gives highest torque performance. The iron shielding concept in VPM can protect the magnets from the opposing armature flux, thus providing increased resistance to demagnetisation, and hence permitting thinner magnets. Furthermore, a new slot/pole combination with higher torque capability has been studied. However, due to the increased inductance, motor with V shape design needs to work at a poorer power factor and consequently a reduced speed range for a given inverter. Lastly, Cost effective and simple manufacture method of the VPM rotor is also addressed with consideration of mechanical feasibility.
Health Economics of Dengue: A Systematic Literature Review and Expert Panel's Assessment

Dengue vaccines are currently in development and policymakers need appropriate economic studies to determine their potential financial and public health impact. We searched five databases (PubMed, EMBASE, LILAC, EconLit, and WHOLIS) to identify health economics studies of dengue. Forty-three manuscripts were identified that provided primary data: 32 report economic burden of dengue and nine are comparative economic analyses assessing various interventions. The remaining two were a willingness-to-pay study and a policymaker survey. An expert panel reviewed the existing dengue economic literature and recommended future research to fill information gaps. Although dengue is an important vector-borne disease, the economic literature is relatively sparse and results have often been conflicting because of use of inconsistent assumptions. Health economic research specific to dengue is urgently needed to ensure informed decision making on the various options for controlling and preventing this disease.
Inhibitory Processing of Sad Facial Expressions and Depression Vulnerability

INTRODUCTION 1. Studying Depression and Depression Vulnerability 2. Evidence of Cognitive Biases in Depression Vulnerable Populations 3. Selective Attention and Inhibition 4. Selective Attention to Affective Facial Expressions and Depression Vulnerability 5. Neuroelectric Activity Related to Selective Attention/Inhibition and Depression Vulnerability 6. The Current Research 7. Hypothesized Findings METHOD 8. Participants 9. Experimental stimuli 10. Experimental Procedure 11. Collecting and Cleaning Oddball Task Data 12. Data Analyses RESULTS 13. Self-Report Measures 14. Oddball Task Accuracy 15. Oddball Task Reaction Time 16. Oddball Task Event-Related Potentials DISCUSSION REFERENCES APPENDICES
Close and General Friendships among African American, Latino, and Asian American Adolescents from Low-Income Families

Responding to the lack of research on friendships among racial/ethnic minority adolescents, a study of friendships was conducted among 160 African American, Latino, and Asian American adolescents from low-income families. The goals of the study were to (a) assess gender and racial/ethnic differences in the characteristics and quality of close and general friendships, (b) examine the independent and combined influence of individual-level (i.e., psychological well-being) and contextual (i.e., family relationships and school climate) variables on the quality of close and general friendships, and (c) examine the moderating effect of gender and race/ethnicity on the associations between individual-level and contextual variables and the quality of close and general friendships. Findings indicated significant gender and racial/ethnic differences in the characteristics and quality of close and general friendships. Furthermore, the correlates of friendship quality differed across the type of friendship (i.e., close or general) and across gender, underscoring the importance of distinguishing types of friendships and examining the role of gender in friendships.
Abundance and physiology of dominant soft corals linked to water quality in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia

Declining water quality is one of the main reasons of coral reef degradation in the Thousand Islands off the megacity Jakarta, Indonesia. Shifts in benthic community composition to higher soft coral abundances have been reported for many degraded reefs throughout the Indo-Pacific. However, it is not clear to what extent soft coral abundance and physiology are influenced by water quality. In this study, live benthic cover and water quality (i.e. dissolved inorganic nutrients (DIN), turbidity (NTU), and sedimentation) were assessed at three sites (< 20 km north of Jakarta) in Jakarta Bay (JB) and five sites along the outer Thousand Islands (20–60 km north of Jakarta). This was supplemented by measurements of photosynthetic yield and, for the first time, respiratory electron transport system (ETS) activity of two dominant soft coral genera, Sarcophyton spp. and Nephthea spp. Findings revealed highly eutrophic water conditions in JB compared to the outer Thousand Islands, with 44% higher DIN load (7.65 μM/L), 67% higher NTU (1.49 NTU) and 47% higher sedimentation rate (30.4 g m−2 d−1). Soft corals were the dominant type of coral cover within the bay (2.4% hard and 12.8% soft coral cover) compared to the outer Thousand Islands (28.3% hard and 6.9% soft coral cover). Soft coral abundances, photosynthetic yield, and ETS activity were highly correlated with key water quality parameters, particularly DIN and sedimentation rates. The findings suggest water quality controls the relative abundance and physiology of dominant soft corals in JB and may thus contribute to phase shifts from hard to soft coral dominance, highlighting the need to better manage water quality in order to prevent or reverse phase shifts.
European Public Sphere| Online News, Social Media and European Union Attitudes: A Multidimensional Analysis

How do online news and social media use relate to public support for the European Union? To answer this question, this study compares the effect of institutional websites, news websites, online social networks, blogs, and video hosting websites on five important dimensions of public attitudes toward the EU: strengthening, performance, fear, efficacy, and utilitarianism. Cases were selected by choosing the samples from the largest country in each stage of EU enlargement: Germany, the United Kingdom, Greece, Sweden, the Czech Republic, and Romania. After controlling for demographic and political factors, results show that getting European news from blogs fosters negative attitudes toward the EU, whereas social network sites contribute to a positive view of the EU’s performance and support for further strengthening. In addition, the use of YouTube and news websites interacts with off-line discussion to enhance political effects.
Does the amount of filler content in sealants used to prevent decalcification on smooth enamel surfaces really matter?

OBJECTIVE To determine how filler content and an acidic environment affect the retention of sealants placed on smooth enamel surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of 120 teeth was randomly divided into six subsamples. Three experimental sealants with identical formulas, with the exception of the amount of filler content (18%, 30%, 50%), were applied according to manufacturers' recommendations. Half of the subsamples were exposed to an acid environment (pH of 2.5) for 96 hours. With the use of a tooth-brushing simulator, each tooth was exposed to 15,000 brushing strokes, while a slurry of 1 : 3 toothpaste/neutral sodium bicarbonate cycled through the machine. Initial and final photographs were analyzed subjectively and objectively. Scanning electron microscope photomicrographs were used to evaluate the tooth surface. RESULTS Subjective analyses showed significant (P < .05) filler effects, with the 18% filled sealant showing the least change, followed by the 30% sealant, then the 50% filled sealant, which showed the greatest loss. Objective analyses showed the same pattern of loss, but the differences between sealants were not statistically significant. Exposure to an acidic environment had no significant effect on sealant retention. SEMS showed a layer of sealant remaining on all of the sealed teeth evaluated. CONCLUSIONS Filler content of resin sealant material affects the retention of sealants on smooth enamel surfaces; exposure to an acid environment has no effect on sealant retention. Within the limits of this study, highly filled resin sealants once saturated have the ability to endure the oral environment and remain on a smooth enamel surface, regardless of the amount of filler content.
Evidence of Ethnic Disproportionality in Special Education in an English Population

Differences in the proportions of students identified as having special educational needs (SENs) across ethnic groups have historically been of concern in the United Kingdom and the United States. However, the absence of student-level data has hindered investigation of the reasons for such disproportionality. The authors present an analysis of the 2005 Pupil Level Annual School Census for 6.5 million students aged 5 to 16 years in England. Logistic regression analyses were completed to calculate the odds ratios of having identified SENs both before and after adjusting for the influence of age, gender, and socioeconomic disadvantage (poverty). Poverty and gender had stronger associations than ethnicity with the overall prevalence of SENs. However, after controlling for these effects, significant over- and underrepresentation of some minority ethnic groups relative to White British students remained. The nature and degree of these disproportionalities varied across categories of SENs and minority ethnic groups and were not restricted to judgmental categories of SENs.
The Influences of Climate Change and Human Activities on Vegetation Dynamics in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Grasslands occupy nearly three quarters of the land surface of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau (QTP) and play a critical role in regulating the ecological functions of the QTP. Ongoing climate change and human interference have greatly affected grasslands on the QTP. Differentiating human-induced and climate-driven vegetation changes is vital for both ecological understanding and the management of husbandry. In this study, we employed statistical analysis of annual records, various sources of remote sensing data, and an ecosystem process model to calculate the relative contribution of climate and human activities to vegetation vigor on the QTP. The temperature, precipitation and the intensity and spatial pattern of livestock grazing differed between the periods prior to and after the year 2000, which led to different vegetation dynamics. Overall, increased temperature and enhanced precipitation favored vegetation growth. However, their combined effects exhibited strong spatial heterogeneity. Specifically, increased temperature restrained vegetation growth in dry steppe regions during a period of slightly increasing precipitation from 1986 to 2000 and in meadow regions during a period of precipitation decline during 2000–2011, thereby making precipitation a dominant factor. An increase in precipitation tended to enhance vegetation growth in wet meadow regions during warm periods, and temperature was the limiting factor in Tibet during dry periods. The dominant role played by climate and human activities differed with location and targeted time period. Areas dominated by human activities are much smaller than those dominated by climate. The effects of grazing on grassland pasture were more obvious under unfavorable climate conditions than under suitable ones.
Optimum Reject Options for Prototype-based Classification

We analyse optimum reject strategies for prototype-based classifiers andreal-valued rejection measures, using the distance of a data point to theclosest prototype or probabilistic counterparts. We compare reject schemes withglobal thresholds, and local thresholds for the Voronoi cells of theclassifier. For the latter, we develop a polynomial-time algorithm to computeoptimum thresholds based on a dynamic programming scheme, and we propose anintuitive linear time, memory efficient approximation thereof with competitiveaccuracy. Evaluating the performance in various benchmarks, we conclude thatlocal reject options are beneficial in particular for simple prototype-basedclassifiers, while the improvement is less pronounced for advanced models. Forthe latter, an accuracy-reject curve which is comparable to support vectormachine classifiers with state of the art reject options can be reached.
Modelling the Relationships among Interlanguage Pragmatic Development, L2 Proficiency, and Exposure to L2.

This study aimed to account for the different levels of pragmatic development among 137 university-level Japanese learners of English, as functions of their varying levels of English proficiency and amount of exposure to English. Their pragmatic development was assessed by the degree of approximation to native speech act behaviour in various advice-giving situations repeated during the course of an academic year. Unique to this study in interlanguage pragmatics was the use of structural equation modelling (SEM) with latent variables that permits formulation and comparisons of several competing causal models. Although the results revealed the persistent effect of pragmatic competence on itself over the duration of the study, they also suggested that amount of exposure had greater potential to account for pragmatic development than level of proficiency.
The Influence of Race, Causal Attribution, and In-Group Favoritism on Recommendations for Rehabilitation Services

Vocational rehabilitation (VR) is a program that provides individualized and supportive services to assist individuals with disabilities in obtaining and maintaining employment compatible with their skills, abilities, and interests. Previous research has suggested that people with disabilities are at risk of experiencing discrimination in multiple stages of the rehabilitation process. The primary purpose of this study was to explore if recommendations for hypothetical rehabilitation services by rehabilitation counseling (RC) student participants were influenced by (a) the hypothetical consumer’s race, (b) causal attribution of disability, (c) RC student’s race, and (d) the interaction of the counselor’s race and consumer’s race. A 2 × 2 × 3 factorial design was utilized and the findings revealed that a hypothetical consumer who was perceived as personally responsible for the cause of his or her disability was more likely to receive fewer recommendations for rehabilitation services than a consumer with an external cause. Other results from this study revealed that recommendations for rehabilitation services were not influenced by the hypothetical consumer’s race, RC student’s race, the interaction of the RC student’s race and consumer’s race, or the interaction of the RC student’s race and cause of disability. Discussion and implications are provided.
Cytogenetic analysis of 101 skull base tumors.

BACKGROUND Skull base tumors are rare neoplasms and the cytogenetic data on these tumors are limited. The authors cytogenetically analyzed a large series of tumors and compared the findings with patients' pathologic data. METHODS The karyotypes of pathologically confirmed samples of 101 patients, who were operated for oncological extirpation of tumors, were analyzed using G-banding and spectral-karyotyping techniques. RESULTS Of the 67 malignant tumors, 32 (48%) had chromosomal aberrations, some with complex numerical and structural chromosomal anomalies. Recurrent chromosomal breakpoints were identified in squamous cell carcinomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs), sinonasal undifferentiated carcinomas, chordomas, and sarcomas. Specific breakpoints established the diagnosis of various soft tissue sarcomas. Novel chromosomal aberrations were found in various other malignant and benign tumors. CONCLUSION This study highlights the value of cytogenetic analysis for diagnosis of skull base tumors. The data add further information on the biological behavior of these rare neoplasms.
Integrating management and marketing strategies at heritage sites

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the integration of management and marketing practices at heritage sites in Ireland.Design/methodology/approach – The research process involved: phase one, a survey of 224 heritage attractions in Ireland and phase two, semi‐structured interviews with the six organizations that represent the heritage sector on the island of Ireland.Findings – The findings suggest that market research and marketing communication are vital in achieving a balance between targeting cultural tourists and tourists with no specific interest in heritage.Research limitations/implications – The study has the restriction of being limited to the Irish case. However, these findings provide scope for further investigation, namely extending to other destinations and to sites which use different techniques.Originality/value – A combined commitment to visitor research by the individual heritage sites could provide information to the representative organizations to facilitate target marketing and improved.
Head Start Instructional Professionals’ Inclusion Perceptions and Practices

This study considered the facilitators and barriers of successful inclusion in Head Start classrooms by examining the perspectives and practices of instructional professionals. A cross-sectional survey design was combined with direct observation in inclusive Head Start classrooms. Survey data were collected from 71 Head Start instructional professionals in three Head Start programs. Observations took place in nine classrooms to examine the practices of 19 instructional professionals using an observation rating scale. Participants identified a lack of professional development as the greatest barrier to successful inclusion. Participants believed that their inclusion needs were greater than the inclusion supports available to them. Inclusive classroom quality varied significantly among different classrooms. Study findings suggested that the instructional professionals appear to be key to successful inclusion in Head Start settings. Additional professional development for Head Start instructional professionals focused on effectively enacting inclusion practices could support high-quality inclusion for children with disabilities.
Validating the Test of Academic Literacy for Postgraduate Students (TALPS)

The concepts of reliability and validity help to determine whether a test is a strong one or not, does what it is designed to do, tests what it is designed to test, and whether we can make inferences that are justified about the test takers, based on their score (Van der Walt & Steyn, 2007). Clearly, a lot depends on the reliability and validity of a test. This article will take the form of a validation argument of the Test of Academic Literacy for Postgraduate Students (TALPS). It will do so by providing a priori evidence collected before the test event (Weir, 2005) to support eight claims made about the reliability and validity of the test. Keywords : academic literacy, validity, content validity, face validity, construct validity, reliability
Association between skilled nursing facility quality indicators and hospital readmissions.

IMPORTANCE Hospital readmissions are common, costly, and potentially preventable. Little is known about the association between available skilled nursing facility (SNF) performance measures and the risk of hospital readmission. OBJECTIVE To measure the association between SNF performance measures and hospital readmissions among Medicare beneficiaries receiving postacute care at SNFs in the United States. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS Using national Medicare data on fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries discharged to a SNF after an acute care hospitalization between September 1, 2009, and August 31, 2010, we examined the association between SNF performance on publicly available metrics (SNF staffing intensity, health deficiencies identified through site inspections, and the percentages of SNF patients with delirium, moderate to severe pain, and new or worsening pressure ulcers) and the risk of readmission or death 30 days after discharge to a SNF. Adjusted analyses controlled for patient case mix, SNF facility factors, and the discharging hospital. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Readmission to an acute care hospital or death within 30 days of the index hospital discharge. RESULTS Of 1,530,824 patients discharged, 357,752 (23.3%; 99% CI, 23.3%-23.5%) were readmitted or died within 30 days; 72,472 died within 30 days (4.7%; 99% CI, 4.7%-4.8%), and 321,709 were readmitted (21.0%; 99% CI, 20.9%-21.1%). The unadjusted risk of readmission or death was lower at SNFs with better staffing ratings. SNFs ranked lowest (19.2% of all SNFs) had a 30-day risk of readmission or death of 25.5% (99% CI, 25.3%-25.8%) vs 19.8% (99% CI, 19.5%-20.1%) among those ranked highest. SNFs with better facility inspection ratings also had a lower risk of readmission or death. SNFs ranked lowest (20.1% of all SNFs) had a risk of 24.9% (99% CI, 24.7%-25.1%) vs 21.5% (99% CI, 21.2%-21.7%) among those ranked highest . Adjustment for patient factors, SNF facility factors, and the discharging hospital attenuated these associations; we observed small differences in the adjusted risk of readmission or death according to SNF facility inspection ratings (lowest vs highest rating: 23.7%; 99% CI: 23.7%, 23.7%; vs 23.0%; 99% CI: 23.0%, 23.1%). Other measures did not predict clinically meaningful differences in the adjusted risk of readmission or death. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries discharged to a SNF after an acute care hospitalization, available performance measures were not consistently associated with differences in the adjusted risk of readmission or death.
Towards a refined structure of personality traits

In this article we pursue two goals. The first is a further articulation of the dimensionality of the Dutch trait domain. The second is a detailed mapping of the factorial trait structure, one which includes intelligible and proper niches for various nuances of the trait language and for different interpretations of the main factors of personality language. In realizing these goals, we discuss the reliance on theory in structuring and modelling the domain in question, the type of model to be used, and the comprehensiveness versus the economy of domain representation. The advantages and disadvantages of the simple structure model and the circumplex model are commented upon, and a new framework that integrates these two models is presented. The present results provide confirmation of the existence of five major dimensions that cover the trait domain: (I) Extraversion or Surgency, (II) Agreeableness, (III) Conscientiousness, (IV) Emotional Stability, and (V) Intellect or Openness to Experience. The newly developed representational model, revealing a refined structure of personality characteristics, not only clarifies some of the problems faced in interpreting the Big Five factors, but also forms a starting point for applications.