Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distribution of EE and Its Relationship to Relapse in Japan

Psychiatric rehabilitation in Japan faces a number of problems. Policies regarding support for the mentally disabled are unsatisfactory; and community services such as day care, sheltered workshops, and group homes that enable patients to return to the community are still inadequate. In fact, 80% of the patients who are discharged from hospitals return to their families. Families are defined as "guardians" under the Mental Health Act and are responsible for care of the patient. "Guardians" are required to "make the patient receive treatment," "supervise the patient so he or she will not hurt himself or herself or others," and "protect the financial interests of the patient. " Families must fulfill many roles as caretakers. Despite these conditions, dissemination of information regarding mental illness, professional intervention techniques, and delivery of social services are lacking. The lack of information causes many families to live in a state of physical and emotional fatigue because of caring for the patient and worrying about such concerns as sudden changes in the illness, relapses, and the possibility of suicide. Thus, one of the most important tasks for clinical psychiatry in Japan is to provide appropriate support services for patients and their families. Expressed Emotion (EE) is a scale developed and validated in the West to predict the course of illness. EE studies have produced eviDr. Ito is associated with the Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, National Institute of Mental Health, Kohnodai 1-7-3, Ichikawa City, Chiba Pref. 272, Japan, and Dr. Oshima, with the Department of Social Welfare, Tokyo Metropolitan University. 23
Immunologic microenvironment and personalized treatment in multiple myeloma

Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by generalized immune suppression and increased susceptibility to infections and secondary malignancies. Malignant plasma cells (PCs) modulate the bone marrow microenvironment to favor their own survival and proliferation. These events lead to a severe deregulation of immune effectors. Extensive studies have been conducted to unveil the mechanisms through which MM cells negatively modulate immunity and to develop therapeutical approaches for restoring an efficient anti-MM immune response. Areas covered: This review article covers both the immunosuppressive effects exerted by MM and the immunomodulatory potential of novel anti-MM agents. A brief overview on the most promising immunotherapeutic approaches in the field is also provided. Expert opinion: MM leads to a progressive impairment of the immune system. Different approaches have been evaluated or are currently under investigation to boost a specific anti-MM immune response. The discovery that anti-MM agents like bortezomib also retain immunomodulatory properties provides evidence to support the development of combined treatment modalities. In the next future, immunotherapy will be likely included in selective treatments in early stages or in the post-transplantation setting with non toxic modalities that control or clear the neoplastic clone.
WHERE AND HOW MUCH DOES SOCIAL CAPITAL MATTER ? CORE AND PERIPHERAL RELATIONAL STABILITY AS DETERMINANTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE

We examine where and how much social capital matters for organizational performance. Building on the social networks and shared experience literatures, we suggest that the effect of relational stability – a form of social capital deriving from stable work ties among organizational members – on organizational performance depends, in strength and functional form, on whether actors involved in stable dyads are located at the core or at the periphery of an organizational network. We also leverage the resource-based view of the firm to argue that, in highly interdependent settings, social capital may be more important for organizational performance than human capital. Results from a 45-year study of the National Basketball Association partially support our arguments, bearing important implications for strategic human resource practices.
One-dimensional symmetry of bounded entire solutions of some elliptic equations

This paper is about one-dimensional symmetry properties for some entire and bounded solutions of ∆u + f(u) = 0 in IR. We consider solutions u such that −1 < u < 1 and u(x1, · · · , xn) → ±1 as xn → ±∞, uniformly with respect to x1, · · · , xn−1. Under some conditions on f , we prove that the solutions only depend on the variable xn. We also discuss more general elliptic operators. The qualitative properties then strongly depend on the coefficients of the operator. These results extend to higher dimensions and to more general operators a result of Ghoussoub and Gui [21] proved for n ≤ 3. AMS Classification : 35B05, 35B40, 35B50, 35J60.
Weak male-driven molecular evolution in rodents.

In humans and rodents the male-to-female ratio of mutation rate (alpha m) has been suggested to be extremely large, so that the process of nucleotide substitution is almost completely male-driven. However, our sequence data from the last intron of the X chromosome-linked (Zfx) and Y chromosome-linked (Zfy) zinc finger protein genes suggest that alpha m is only approximately 2 in rodents with a 95% confidence interval from 1 to 3. Moreover, from published data on oogenesis and spermatogenesis we estimate the male-to-female ratio of the number of germ cell divisions per generation to be approximately 2 in rodents, confirming our estimate of alpha m and suggesting that errors in DNA replication are the primary source of mutation. As the estimated alpha m for rodents is only one-third of our previous estimate of approximately 6 for higher primates, there appear to be generation-time effects--i.e., alpha m decreases with decreasing generation time.
ErbB receptors and fatty acid synthase expression in aggressive head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.

SUMMARY Overexpression of ErbB receptors is frequent in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and seems to be correlated with tumor progression and metastasis. Fatty acid synthase (FASN), the key lipogenic enzyme responsible for the endogenous synthesis of fatty acids, is regulated by ErbB2 and overexpressed in several human malignancies. METHODS This study was performed to examine the immunohistochemical expression patterns of ErbB1, ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4, and FASN in a tissue microarray, containing 33 representative areas from aggressive primary HNSCC (whose patients had distant metastasis), and 21 matched lung metastasis. RESULTS Strong correlation among the expression of ErbB family receptors was found (ErbB1-ErbB2 P = 0.008, ErbB1-ErbB4 P = 0.018, EbB2-ErbB3 P = 0.001, ErbB2-ErbB4 P = 0.006, ErbB3-ErbB4 P=0.012) in the HNSCC. FASN expression was significantly associated with ErbB2 (P = 0.024). Lymphatic permeation was correlated with ErbB3 (P = 0.033) and histological grade with ErbB4 staining (P = 0.050). ErbB1 and ErbB2 were found mainly in patients with smoking habit (P = 0.011 and P = 0.027), and ErbB2 was associated with alcohol consumption and clinical stage (P = 0.014 and P = 0.031). Finally, FASN was overexpressed in lung metastasis, in comparison with matched HNSCC samples (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS The results showed that high FASN immunohistochemical expression is a feature of HNSCC lung metastasis, and ErbB1-ErbB2, ErbB1-ErbB4, ErbB2-ErbB3, ErbB2-ErbB4, and ErbB3-ErbB4 expression levels are correlated in the respective primary tumors, being ErbB2 the preferred coexpression partner of all the other ErbB receptors.
Gait Mechanics in Women of the ACL‐SPORTS Randomized Control Trial: Interlimb Symmetry Improves Over Time Regardless of Treatment Group

Women after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and ACL reconstruction (ACLR) are more likely than men to exhibit asymmetric movement patterns, which are associated with post‐traumatic osteoarthritis. We developed the ACL specialized post‐operative return‐to‐sports (ACL‐SPORTS) randomized control trial to test the effect of strength, agility, plyometric, and secondary prevention (SAPP) training with and without perturbation training (SAPP + PERT) on gait mechanics in women after ACLR. We hypothesized that movement symmetry would improve over time across both groups but more so among the SAPP + PERT group. Thirty‐nine female athletes 3–9 months after primary ACLR were randomized to SAPP or SAPP + PERT training. Biomechanical testing during overground walking occurred before (Pre‐training) and after (Post‐training) training and one and 2 years post‐operatively. Hip and knee kinematic and kinetic variables were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni corrections for post hoc comparisons (α = 0.05). There was a time by limb interaction effect (p = 0.028) for peak knee flexion angle (PKFA), the primary outcome which powered the study, characterized by smaller PKFA in the involved compared to uninvolved limbs across treatment groups at Pre‐training, Post‐training, and 1 year, but not 2 years. Similar findings occurred across sagittal plane knee excursions and kinetics and hip extension excursion at midstance. There were no meaningful interactions involving group. Neither SAPP nor SAPP + PERT training improved walking mechanics, which persisted 1 but not 2 years after ACLR. Statement of clinical significance: Asymmetrical movement patterns persisted long after participants achieved symmetrical strength and functional performance, suggesting more time is needed to recover fully after ACLR. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1743–1753, 2019
Mucinous carcinoma occurring in the male breast

Male breast carcinoma is an uncommon neoplasm, accounting for 0.6% of all breast carcinomas. Invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type is the most common type of male breast carcinoma, and mucinous carcinoma occurring in the male breast is extremely rare. In the present study, we report a case of mucinous carcinoma of the male breast and discuss the clinicopathological features of this type of tumor. A 63-year-old Japanese male presented with a gradually enlarged nodule in the right breast. The resected breast specimen revealed pure mucinous carcinoma and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that tumor cells were positive for estrogen receptor (ER), but negative for progesterone receptor (PgR). In addition, HER2 expression was not amplified. Pure mucinous carcinoma is generally associated with a low incidence of lymph node or distant metastases, and excellent disease-free survival in females. However, certain cases of this type of tumor with axillary lymph node metastasis in the male breast have been reported. In addition, the immunoprofiles of mucinous carcinoma in males are fundamentally the same as those in females. More than 90% of cases show positive immunoreactivity for ER and/or PgR, and HER2 expression is not amplified. However, it has been reported that breast cancer in males is more frequently positive for ER than in females, and has less HER2 overexpression. The high rate of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in males is considered to be due to similar conditions as those in breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The pathogenesis of male breast carcinoma, including mucinous carcinoma, remains unclear; therefore, additional clinicopathological studies are required.
Patterns of interval correlations in neural oscillators with adaptation

Neural firing is often subject to negative feedback by adaptation currents. These currents can induce strong correlations among the time intervals between spikes. Here we study analytically the interval correlations of a broad class of noisy neural oscillators with spike-triggered adaptation of arbitrary strength and time scale. Our weak-noise theory provides a general relation between the correlations and the phase-response curve (PRC) of the oscillator, proves anti-correlations between neighboring intervals for adapting neurons with type I PRC and identifies a single order parameter that determines the qualitative pattern of correlations. Monotonically decaying or oscillating correlation structures can be related to qualitatively different voltage traces after spiking, which can be explained by the phase plane geometry. At high firing rates, the long-term variability of the spike train associated with the cumulative interval correlations becomes small, independent of model details. Our results are verified by comparison with stochastic simulations of the exponential, leaky, and generalized integrate-and-fire models with adaptation.
Academic Search Engine Spam and Google Scholar's Resilience Against it

In a previous paper we provided guidelines for scholars on optimizing research articles for academic search engines such as Google Scholar. Feedback in the academic community to these guidelines was diverse. Some were concerned researchers could use our guidelines to manipulate rankings of scientific articles and promote what we call ‘academic search engine spam’. To find out whether these concerns are justified, we conducted several tests on Google Scholar. The results show that academic search engine spam is indeed— and with little effort—possible: We increased rankings of academic articles on Google Scholar by manipulating their citation counts; Google Scholar indexed invisible text we added to some articles, making papers appear for keyword searches the articles were not relevant for; Google Scholar indexed some nonsensical articles we randomly created with the paper generator SciGen; and Google Scholar linked to manipulated versions of research papers that contained a Viagra advertisement. At the end of this paper, we discuss whether academic search engine spam could become a serious threat to Web-based academic search engines.
The resonant component of human physiological hand tremor is altered by slow voluntary movements

Key points • Postural physiological hand tremor has a prominent component at ∼8 Hz unlike the associated EMG. Consequently, the gain between EMG and tremor is sharply peaked at ∼8 Hz. • Deduction and a simple model using pre‐recorded EMG or random noise as an input show that the ∼8 Hz peak is a consequence of resonance. • During voluntary movement the gain peak enlarges and shifts to a lower frequency but the EMG spectrum shows no corresponding changes. This reflects muscle thixotropy. Adjustment of the muscle properties of the model reproduces the effect. • These findings suggest that the rhythm of hand tremor in posture and movement is related to muscle and limb mechanics rather than a neural oscillator. • The discovery that the gain relating EMG to acceleration is very different when static and moving has implications for the control of movement in health and disease.
A marked correlation function analysis of halo formation times in the Millennium Simulation

We study the environmental dependence of the formation epoch of dark matter haloes in the Millennium Simulation: a ten billion particle N-body simulation of standard Lambda cold dark matter cosmology. A sensitive test of this dependence – the marked correlation function – reveals highly significant evidence that haloes of a given mass form earlier in denser regions. We define a marked cross-correlation function, which helps quantify how this effect depends upon the choice of the halo population used to define the environment. The mean halo formation redshift as a function of the local overdensity in dark matter is also well determined, and we see an especially clear dependence for galaxy-sized haloes. This contradicts one of the basic predictions of the excursion set model of structure formation, even though we see that this theory predicts other features of the distribution of halo formation epochs rather well. It also invalidates an assumption usually employed in the popular halo, or halo occupation distribution, models of galaxy clustering, namely that the distribution of halo properties is a function of halo mass but not of halo environment.
Is the Supply of Mathematics and Science Teachers Sufficient?

This study seeks to empirically ground the debate over mathematics and science teacher shortages and evaluate the extent to which there is, or is not, sufficient supply of teachers in these fields. The authors’ analyses of nationally representative data from multiple sources show that math and science are the fields most difficult to staff, but the factors behind these problems are complex. There are multiple sources of new teachers; those with education degrees are a minor source compared to those with degrees in math and science and the reserve pool. Over the past two decades, graduation requirements, student course taking, and teacher retirements have all increased for math and science, yet the new supply has more than kept pace. However, when preretirement teacher attrition is factored in, there is a much tighter balance between supply and demand. Unlike fields such as English, for math and science, there is not a large cushion of new supply relative to losses—resulting in staffing problems in schools with higher turnover.
PSYCHOSOCIAL, COGNITIVE, AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PROTECTIVE FACTORS AND THE ABSENCE OF ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF LOW INCOME BOYS

The present study sought to advance our understanding of resilience by examining the timing and continuity of multiple domains of protective factors (i.e., psychosocial, cognitive, physiological) measured in early childhood and the transition to adolescence as they related to low antisocial behavior in adolescence among an ethnically diverse cohort of 310 low-income boys. While antisocial behavior was the main outcome of interest, given its huge societal and personal costs (Kazdin, 1996), the study also examined positive functioning across domains (i.e., internalizing, school achievement) to address issues of cross-domain adjustment. Although the entire sample could be considered at high risk due to low socioeconomic status, levels of risk were further differentiated by investigating the accumulation of other risk factors (e.g., single parent status, neighborhood disadvantage, overcrowding in the home) as they related to outcomes across domains. Furthermore, in addition to more ubiquitously researched psychosocial and cognitive protective factors such as child IQ and parenting, this study also included measures of physiological variables (i.e., vagal tone, sleep, testosterone). In line with hypotheses, several parenting protective factors, as well as child IQ and sleep, were significantly associated with low antisocial behavior at ages 15 and 17. With the exception of vagal tone, the relations between protective factors and antisocial behavior did not vary across levels of cumulative risk. Hypotheses regarding the importance of continuity and timing of protective factors were generally not supported, in that it was equally helpful to have a protective factor present at one or two time periods, in either early childhood or the transition to adolescence. Finally, in line with hypotheses, there did appear to be some fluctuation across positive outcomes; while youth who had low antisocial behavior at ages 15 and 17 were more likely than youth high on antisocial behavior to being doing well in school, they were not more likely to have low internalizing symptoms. Both cumulative risk and cumulative protective factors were related to the number of positive outcomes that youth had across domains. Results highlight the importance of both cumulative risk and protection in the development of positive adaptation.
Facial soft tissue changes during the pre-pubertal and pubertal growth phase: a mixed longitudinal laser-scanning study

Background/objectives: Facial soft tissues changes during growth roughly tend to mimic the underlying hard tissues, but not completely. The aim of this mixed longitudinal study was to assess facial growth among pre-pubertal and pubertal subjects without malocclusion using a non-invasive three-dimensional laser scanning system. Subjects/methods: Fifty-nine subjects (30 females and 29 males) aged at baseline 5.4–8.9 years with normal occlusion were clustered into the younger, older pre-pubertal, and pubertal groups according to age and the absence/presence of a standing height growth spurt. Three-dimensional facial images were obtained using laser scanners for five consecutive years. Several transversal, sagittal, and vertical parameters were assessed for between and within group comparisons. Results: Significant overall changes of almost all parameters were seen within each group (P < 0.05) without any group differences (P > 0.05). The younger pre-pubertal group showed greater annual growth rates of lip prominence; both pre-pubertal groups showed greater rates in facial middle third height. The pubertal group showed greater annual rates in facial profile angle changes during the growth peak. Limitations: A high standing height increment (7cm) was used as the threshold for subject allocation in the pubertal group. Conclusions: Soft tissue facial growth has generally similar amounts and rates irrespective of the pubertal growth spurt. Pre-pubertal subjects show greater annual rates of facial middle third height changes while pubertal subjects show greater annual rates of chin protrusion.
The Readability Graph Validated at Primary Levels.

this article is concerned with judging readability of books or articles for children at the lower elementary levels. More specifi cally it reports some comparisons of a Readability Graph grade level scores with scores and ranking obtained on the Spache Readability Formula, an oral cloze technique, and errors made by children while reading the passages orally. A report on the validity of the upper range of the Readability Graph appeared in The Journal of Reading (Fry, 1968). In that article the Readability Graph was compared with readability scores obtained by using the Dale-Chall, Botel, Flesch, and SRA formulas, and a set of comprehension scores of tenth graders. This article reports grade level scores, or ranking, for seven books in the pri mary range. Rank order correlations are reported between the Readability Graph and the Spache formula, an oral cloze technique, and errors in oral reading of the words. The rationale for "one more" readability formula is based on simplicity. The author feels that the Readability Graph is both sim ple and fast. Indeed it is often lack of simplicity that has kept other readability formulas from more widespread use. The cloze technique is a procedure in which words are omitted (blanked out). In this report approximately every fifteenth word was blanked out. The student was then asked to read the passage orally and fill in the blanks with the missing words. Thirty second and third grade pupils all read the same set of passages and then the passages on which the most errors were made were judged the hardest. Considerable research has shown that this is a good meas ure of readability. Readers interested in further information on the cloze technique should read Taylor (1953), Rankin (1965), Bor muth (1963), Coleman (1966), and Gallant (1965). The Spache Readability Formula is perhaps the best known primary level readability formula. It has a range from about 1.5 to fourth grade. It is based on comparing each word in a 100 word passage against a revision of the Dale list of 769 easy words and evaluating sentence length (Spache 1966).