Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential fault analysis of Hummingbird

Hummingbird is a lightweight encryption algorithm proposed by Engels, Fan, Gong, Hu and Smith at FC′10. Unlike other lightweight cryptographic primitives which can be classified as either block ciphers or stream ciphers, Hummingbird has a hybrid structure of block cipher and stream cipher with 16-bit block size, 256-bit key size, and 80-bit internal state. Preliminary analysis conducted by the cipher's designers show that it is resistant to most common attacks against block ciphers and stream ciphers. In this paper, we present a differential fault analysis attack on Hummingbird. The fault model in which we analyze the cipher is the one in which the attacker is assumed to be able to fault a random word before the linear transform, after the s-boxes, of the four block ciphers which are used in the Hummingbird encryption process but cannot control the exact location of injected faults. Our attack, which recovers the 256-bit key, requires around 50 faults and 266 steps.
Effects of Training and Environment on Graduate Students’ Self-Rated Knowledge and Judgments of Responsible Research Behavior

Training programs, departmental/disciplinary norms, and individual factors (e.g., personality traits) have been hypothesized to influence (un)ethical behavior. This exploratory study surveyed graduate students from a single university in the American Southeast. Relationships were examined among 496 participants’ individual characteristics, training, self-rated knowledge and decision-making skills in research conduct, and judgments of ethically questionable vignettes. Key findings include the increased likelihood of unethical action by students in online programs, a negative relationship between age and unethical actions, and a negative relationship between agreeableness and reports that a peer would take an unethical action. Graduate training was unrelated to judgments of ethicality.
Social Sustainable Supply Chain Management in the Textile and Apparel Industry—A Literature Review

So far, a vast amount of studies on sustainability in supply chain management have been conducted by academics over the last decade. Nevertheless, socially related aspects are still neglected in the related discussion. The primary motivation of the present literature review has arisen from this shortcoming, thus the key purpose of this study is to enrich the discussion by providing a state-of-the-art, focusing exclusively on social issues in sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) by considering the textile/apparel sector as the field of application. The authors conduct a literature review, including content analysis which covers 45 articles published in English peer-reviewed journals, and proposes a comprehensive map which integrates the latest findings on socially related practices in the textile/apparel industry with the dominant conceptualization in order to reveal potential research areas in the field. The results show an ongoing lack of investigation regarding the social dimension of the triple bottom line in SSCM. Findings indicate that a company’s internal orientation is the main assisting factor in sustainable supply chain management practices. Further, supplier collaboration and assessment can be interpreted as an offer for suppliers deriving from stakeholders and a focal company’s management of social risk. Nevertheless, suppliers do also face or even create huge barriers in improving their social performance. This calls for more empirical research and qualitative or quantitative survey methods, especially at the supplier level located in developing countries.
Computational Amphiphilic Materials for Drug Delivery

Amphiphilic materials can assemble into a wide variety of morphologies and have emerged as a novel class of candidates for drug delivery. Along with a large number of experiments reported, computational studies have been also conducted in this field. At an atomistic/molecular level, computations can facilitate quantitative understanding of experimental observations and secure fundamental interpretation of underlying phenomena. This review summarizes the recent computational efforts on amphiphilic copolymers and peptides for drug delivery. Atom-resolution and time-resolved insights are provided from bottom-up to microscopically elucidate the mechanisms of drug loading/release, which are indispensable in the rational screening and design of new amphiphiles for high-efficacy drug delivery.
Chinese travel writing between (print) tradition and (digital) novelty: a transmedial approach to contemporary travel books and blogs

This article advances a transmedial comparison between several contemporary travelogues and travel blogs written by Chinese writers about China. The grounding assumption is that travel books and blogs are two mediated forms that realize the same generic matrix: travel writing. Building on research about classic Chinese travel writing and contemporary Internet Chinese literature, the article proposes a close reading of the texts with the aim, on the one hand, to understand how contemporary travel accounts – in print and online – follow and/or reinvent the genre, and, on the other hand, to bridge the gap between analogue and digital realms beyond their often over-accentuated differences. Findings suggest that contemporary Chinese travel books are much politicized. Contrary to traditional authors, who resorted to the genre in order to celebrate the status quo within the Middle Kingdom, today’s authors write about their travels in order to criticize the current political situation in China. Travel bloggers, instead, largely privilege a contemplative attitude towards their experiences; one that kindles a visually based and depoliticized writing that is very much in the spirit of classic texts.
Covering segments with axis-parallel unit squares

We study various kinds of line segments covering problems with axis-parallel unit squares in two dimensions. A set $S$ of $n$ line segments is given. The objective is to find the minimum number of axis-parallel unit squares which cover at least one end-point of each segment. We may have different variations of this problem depending on the orientation and length of the input segments. We prove some of these problems to be NP-hard, and give constant factor approximation algorithms for those problems. For some variations, we have polynomial time exact algorithms. Further, we show that our problems have connections with the problems studied by Arkin et al. (2015) on conflict-free covering problem. We also improve approximation factors of some of their problems.
Depression & social isolation in adolescent and young adult internet users, correlation with time duration of internet use

Background and Aim: Internet plays a growing role in the life of adolescents and young adults in the third millennium. The attractiveness of internet has caused that many adolescents and young adults prefer keeping company with computer rather than interacting with parents and peers. This may gradually reduce the pleasant experience of participation in the family and other groups and may eventually result in isolation and depression. This study was performed to assess the relationship between depression & social isolation among internet-user adolescents and young adults and the routine time duration they spend using internet. Method & Materials: This was a descriptive correlation study. The sample consisted of 118 adolescent and young adult internet users randomly selected from the usual clients of approved coffee-nets of Isfahan city at 2006. Beck Depression Inventory and a researcher made questionnaire were respectively used to assess depression and social isolation. Demographic data were also collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS- software and Spearman-Pearson correlation coefficient and independent groups T tests. Findings: Significant relationships were found between both depression and social isolation and the mean routine time duration of internet use (P Conclusion : Excessive internet use may cause hazards to adolescents' and young adults' mental health and social development. This issue needs further well-designed investigations. Families should be informed about the available evidences in this regard. Keywords: Internet, Adolescent, Young adult, Internet user, Depression, Social isolation.
An Interior Point Method for Mathematical Programs with Complementarity Constraints (MPCCs)

Interior point methods for nonlinear programs (NLPs) are adapted for solution of mathematical programs with complementarity constraints (MPCCs). The constraints of the MPCC are suitably relaxed so as to guarantee a strictly feasible interior for the inequality constraints. The standard primal-dual algorithm has been adapted with a modified step calculation. The algorithm is shown to be superlinearly convergent in the neighborhood of the solution set under assumptions of MPCC-LICQ, strong stationarity and upper level strict complementarity. The modification can be easily accommodated within most nonlinear programming interior point algorithms with identical local behavior. Numerical experience is also presented and holds promise for the proposed method.
Children Programming Games: A Strategy for Measuring Computational Learning

This article reports the results of a study of the relationship of computer game programming to computational learning (CL). The results contribute to the growing body of knowledge about how to define and measure CL among children by proposing a new concept, Game Computational Sophistication (GCS). We analyzed 231 games programmed by 325 11 and 12 year olds with a range of prior computer experience who attended a voluntary technology class during or after school. Findings suggest that students’ games exhibited a range of GCS: programs composed of sequences of simple programming constructs; programs composed of programming constructs, some of which are used to implement higher-order patterns; and programs composed of game mechanics built from combinations of patterns “glued” together with simple programming constructs. We use case studies of students’ games to illustrate how variation in the use and integration of programming constructs, patterns, and game mechanics can be used to demonstrate evidence of CL. The study contributes to an understanding of what CL looks like in middle school, how to assess it, and how game-programming activities might promote CL.
SCOOT ADAPTIVE SIGNAL CONTROL : AN EVALUATION OF ITS EFFECTIVENESS OVER A RANGE OF CONGESTION INTENSITIES

This paper compares the performance of adaptive control using the Split, Cycle and Offset Optimization Technique (SCOOT) relative to a fixed-time plan based control. A four-intersection test corridor is modeled using the Corridor Simulation (CORSIM) program. Five sets of traffic flows were generated testing the corridor at increasing volumes from a volume to capacity (v/c) ratios of 0.7 through 1.1. The corridor was evaluated with pre-timed, actuated-coordinated actuated-uncoordinated, and fully actuated strategies to determine the most optimal one. This was used in comparing SCOOT performance relative to the optimal signal timing. The corridor is controlled by SCOOT through the SCOOT-CORSIM Interface which allows an actual SCOOT system to get detector information from CORSIM and provide signal timing to CORSIM. Results of the test corridor show that SCOOT reduces delay by 8% at the 0.7 v/c, which increases to 13% at a v/c of 0.9. Minimal improvements are observed as the corridor approaches saturation. This indicates that substantial savings are available with SCOOT during under-saturated flow conditions and SCOOT helps postpone the onset of congestion, but SCOOT operates much like a fixed time system once flows reaches saturation. Two real-world corridors were tested with SCOOT reducing overall corridor delays by 14% and 11%. Further, this paper shows the importance of validating the SCOOT system properly. The simple activation of SCOOT, without any validation, provides a 219% increase in corridor delays over the fixed time plan. After validation, the results show a delay reduction of 8% over fixed time control. The validation findings dispel the idea that adaptive control systems are "plug and play"
Comparative study on low-power high-performance standard-cell flip-flops

This paper explores the energy-delay space of eight widely referred flip-flops in a 0. 13µm CMOS technology. The main goal has been to find the smallest set of flip-flop topologies to be included in a “high performance” flip-flop cell library covering a wide range of power-performance targets. Based on our comparison results, transmission gate-based flip-flops show the best power-performance trade-off with a total delay (clock-to-output + setup time) down to 105ps. For higher performance, the pulse-triggered flip-flops are the fastest (80ps) alternatives suitable to be included in a flip-flop cell library. However, pulse-triggered flip-flops consume significantly larger power (about 2.5x) compared to other fast but fully dynamic flip-flops such as TSPC and dynamic TG-based flip-flops.
Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms in Aeronautical and Aerospace Engineering

Nowadays, the solution of multiobjective optimization problems in aeronautical and aerospace engineering has become a standard practice. These two fields offer highly complex search spaces with different sources of difficulty, which are amenable to the use of alternative search techniques such as metaheuristics, since they require little domain information to operate. From the several metaheuristics available, multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) have become particularly popular, mainly because of their availability, ease of use, and flexibility. This paper presents a taxonomy and a comprehensive review of applications of MOEAs in aeronautical and aerospace design problems. The review includes both the characteristics of the specific MOEA adopted in each case, as well as the features of the problems being solved with them. The advantages and disadvantages of each type of approach are also briefly addressed. We also provide a set of general guidelines for using and designing MOEAs for aeronautical and aerospace engineering problems. In the final part of the paper, we provide some potential paths for future research, which we consider promising within this area.
The Effects of Realistic Synaptic Distribution and 3D Geometry on Signal Integration and Extracellular Field Generation of Hippocampal Pyramidal Cells and Inhibitory Neurons

In vivo and in vitro multichannel field and somatic intracellular recordings are frequently used to study mechanisms of network pattern generation. When interpreting these data, neurons are often implicitly considered as electrotonically compact cylinders with a homogeneous distribution of excitatory and inhibitory inputs. However, the actual distributions of dendritic length, diameter, and the densities of excitatory and inhibitory input are non-uniform and cell type-specific. We first review quantitative data on the dendritic structure and synaptic input and output distribution of pyramidal cells (PCs) and interneurons in the hippocampal CA1 area. Second, using multicompartmental passive models of four different types of neurons, we quantitatively explore the effect of differences in dendritic structure and synaptic distribution on the errors and biases of voltage clamp measurements of inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic currents. Finally, using the 3-dimensional distribution of dendrites and synaptic inputs we calculate how different inhibitory and excitatory inputs contribute to the generation of local field potential in the hippocampus. We analyze these effects at different realistic background activity levels as synaptic bombardment influences neuronal conductance and thus the propagation of signals in the dendritic tree. We conclude that, since dendrites are electrotonically long and entangled in 3D, somatic intracellular and field potential recordings miss the majority of dendritic events in some cell types, and thus overemphasize the importance of perisomatic inhibitory inputs and belittle the importance of complex dendritic processing. Modeling results also suggest that PCs and inhibitory neurons probably use different input integration strategies. In PCs, second- and higher-order thin dendrites are relatively well-isolated from each other, which may support branch-specific local processing as suggested by studies of active dendritic integration. In the electrotonically compact parvalbumin- and cholecystokinincontaining interneurons, synaptic events are visible in the whole dendritic arbor, and thus the entire dendritic tree may form a single integrative element. Calretinin-containing interneurons were found to be electrotonically extended, which suggests the possibility of complex dendritic processing in this cell type. Our results also highlight the need for the integration of methods that allow the measurement of dendritic processes into studies of synaptic interactions and dynamics in neural networks.
Lagrangian Intersections in Toric Manifolds

We consider two natural Lagrangian intersection problems in the context of symplectic toric manifolds: displaceability of torus orbits and of a torus orbit with the real part of the toric manifold. Our remarks address the fact that one can use simple cartesian product and symplectic reduction considerations to go from basic examples to much more sophisticated ones. We show in particular how rigidity results for the above Lagrangian intersection problems in weighted projective spaces can be combined with these considerations to prove analogous results for all monotone toric symplectic manifolds. We also discuss non-monotone and/or non-Fano examples, including some with a continuum of non-displaceable torus orbits.
Blended learning: out of the lab?

Blended learning is often considered to be too costly to meet teaching in the traditional context. This paper questions such an assertion by examining the outcome and reflecting on the use of HTML and podcasts to replace a single traditional accounting lecture. The context was staff absence due to illness at the very end of a module, but the relevance could equally apply to student absences – can students make up for a missed lecture?
Evaluation of Movement and Physiological Demands of Rugby League Referees Using Global Positioning Systems Tracking

Abstract The use of global positioning systems (GPS) technology within referees of any sport is limited. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the movement and physiological demands of professional rugby league referees using GPS tracking analysis. Time-motion analysis was undertaken on 8 referees using 5-Hz GPS devices and heart rate monitors throughout a series of Super League matches. 44 data sets were obtained with results identifying similar total distance covered between first and second half periods with a significant (P=0.004) reduction in the number of high velocity efforts performed between 5.51–7.0 m.s−1 (1st=21±8, 2nd=18±8). Mean distance covered from greatest to least distance, was 3 717±432 m, 3 009±402 m, 1 411±231 m, 395±133 m and 120±97 m for the following 5 absolute velocity classifications, respectively; 0.51–2.0 m.s−1; 2.1–4.0 m.s−1: 4.01–5.5 m.s−1; 5.51–7.0 m.s−1; <7.01 m.s−1. Heart rate was significantly (P<0.001) greater in the first (85.5±3.4% maxHR) compared to the second (82.9±3.8% maxHR) half. This highlights the intermittent nature of rugby league refereeing, consisting of low velocity activity interspersed with high velocity efforts and frequent changes of velocity. Training should incorporate interval training interspersing high velocity efforts of varying distances with low velocity activity while trying to achieve average heart rates of ~ 84% maxHR to replicate the physiological demands.
Deficits in facial expression recognition in male adolescents with early-onset or adolescence-onset conduct disorder

Background: We examined whether conduct disorder (CD) is associated with deficits in facial expression recognition and, if so, whether these deficits are specific to the early-onset form of CD, which emerges in childhood. The findings could potentially inform the developmental taxonomic theory of antisocial behaviour, which suggests that early-onset and adolescence-limited forms of CD are subject to different aetiological processes. Method: Male adolescents with either early-onset CD (n =42) or adolescence-onset CD (n =39), and controls with no history of serious antisocial behaviour and no current psychiatric disorder (n =40) completed tests of facial expression and facial identity recognition. Dependent measures were: (a) correct recognition of facial expressions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise, and (b) the number of correct matches of unfamiliar faces. Results: Relative to controls, recognition of anger, disgust, and happiness in facial expressions was disproportionately impaired in participants with early-onset CD, whereas recognition of fear was impaired in participants with adolescence-onset CD. Participants with CD who were high in psychopathic traits showed impaired fear, sadness, and surprise recognition relative to those low in psychopathic traits. There were no group differences in facial identity recognition. Conclusions: Both CD subtypes were associated with impairments in facial recognition, although these were more marked in the early-onset subgroup. Variation in psychopathic traits appeared to exert an additional influence on the recognition of fear, sadness and surprise. Implications of these data for the developmental taxonomic theory of antisocial behaviour are discussed.
Nonthermal Emission from Relativistic Electrons in Clusters of Galaxies: A Merger Shock Acceleration Model

We have investigated evolution of nonthermal emission from relativistic electrons accelerated around the shock fronts during mergers of clusters of galaxies. We estimate synchrotron radio emission and inverse Compton scattering of cosmic microwave background photons from extreme ultraviolet (EUV) to hard X-ray range. The hard X-ray emission is most luminous in the later stage of a merger. Both hard X-ray and radio emissions are luminous only while signatures of merging events are clearly seen in the thermal intracluster medium (ICM). On the other hand, EUV radiation is still luminous after the system has relaxed. Propagation of shock waves and bulk-flow motion of ICM play crucial roles in extending radio halos. In the contracting phase, radio halos are located at the hot region of ICM or between two substructures. In the expanding phase, on the other hand, radio halos are located between two ICM hot regions and show rather diffuse distribution.
Party, policy – or both? Partisan-biased processing of policy arguments in direct democracy

ABSTRACT How do party cues and policy information affect citizens’ political opinions? In direct democratic settings, this question is particularly relevant. Direct democratic campaigns are information-rich events which offer citizens the opportunity to learn detailed information about a policy. At the same time parties try to influence citizens’ decision procedure by publishing their own positions on the issue. The current debate on whether “party” or “policy” has more impact on political opinions has not yet yielded conclusive results. We examine the effect of policy arguments and party cues on vote intention in two Swiss referendum votes using panel survey data. To the simple dichotomous question of “party cues or policy information” we add an additional twist in asking how party cues affect the processing of policy information through processes of motivated reasoning. We find first that both, policy arguments and party cues, have an independent effect on vote intention. However, in a second part of the analysis, we find strong evidence for partisan-biased processing of policy arguments – that is, voters tend to align their arguments with their preferred party’s position. Our conclusions with regard to the democratic quality of these vote decisions are therefore ambivalent.