Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organizational Learning and communities of Practice, a social constructivist perspective

In this paper, the relationship between organizational learning (OL) and communities of practice (COP) is addressed. A social constructivist lens is used to analyzing the potential contributions of COP’s in supporting learning by organizations. A social constructivist approach sees organizational learning as an institutionalizing process. The attention is on the process through which individual or local knowledge is transformed into collective knowledge as well as the process through which this socially constructed knowledge influences, and is part of, local knowledge. In order to analyse COP’s contribution to OL, we use the three phases or ‘moments’ described by Berger and Luckman (1966) that can be discerned during institutionalizing knowledge: ‘externalizing, objectifying and internalizing’. Externalizing knowledge refers to the process through which personal knowledge is exchanged with others. Objectifying knowledge refers to the process through which knowledge becomes an objective reality. Internalizing knowledge refers to the process through which objectified knowledge is used by individuals in the course of their socialization. In relation to OL processes, learning can be analyzed as consisting of these three knowledge sharing activities: externalizing individual knowledge resulting in shared knowledge; objectifying shared knowledge resulting in organizational knowledge; internalizing organizational knowledge resulting in individual knowledge. These various processes that in combination make up OL processes, are visualized by the use of a OL cycle. The cycle provides a simplified picture of OL seen as a process of institutionalization. The cycle is subsequently used to analyze the possible contribution of COP’s to support organizational learning. The paper concludes that COP’s are well suited to support processes of internalization and externalization. As a result, COP’s stimulate social learning processes within organizations. However, COP’s do not seem to be the appropriate means to support the process of objectification. This means that COP’s contribution in supporting learning at the organizational level or ‘organizational learning’ is much more complicated.
Collagenase injections for Dupuytren's disease: prospective cohort study assessing 2-year treatment effect durability

Objectives To assess 2-year durability of joint contracture correction following collagenase injections for Dupuytren's disease. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Orthopaedic Department in Sweden. Participants Patients with palpable Dupuytren's cord and active extension deficit (AED) ≥30° in the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and/or proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint. A surgeon injected 0.80 mg collagenase into multiple cord parts and performed finger manipulation under local anaesthesia after 24–48 hours. A hand therapist measured joint contracture before and 5 weeks after injection in all treated patients. Of 57 consecutive patients (59 hands), 48 patients (50 hands) were examined by a hand therapist 24–35 months (mean 26) after injection. Five of the patients had received a second injection in the same finger within 6 months of the first injection. Outcome measures Primary outcome was proportion of treated joints with ≥20° worsening in AED from 5 weeks to 2 years. Results Between the 5-week and the 2-year measurements, AED had worsened by ≥20° in seven MCP and seven PIP joints (28% of the treated hands; all had received a single injection). Mean AED for the MCP joints was 54° before injection, 6° at 5 weeks and 9° at 2 years and for the PIP joints 30°, 13° and 16°, respectively. For joints with ≥10° contracture at baseline, mean (95 % CI) baseline to 2 years AED improvement was for MCP 49° (41–54) and for PIP 25° (17–32). No treatment-related adverse events were observed at the 2-year follow-up evaluation. Conclusions Two years after collagenase injections for Dupuytren's disease, improvement was maintained in 72% of the treated hands. Complete contracture correction was seen in more than 80% of the MCP but in less than half of the PIP joints.
Effect of perindopril on coronary remodelling: insights from a multicentre, randomized study.

AIMS This study sought to evaluate the effect of perindopril in coronary remodelling. METHODS AND RESULTS In this sub-study of a double-blind, multicentre trial, patients without clinical evidence of heart failure were randomized to perindopril 8 mg/day or placebo for at least 3 years and IVUS investigation was performed at both time-points. Positive and negative remodelling were defined as a relative increase (positive remodelling) or decrease (negative remodelling) of the mean vessel cross-sectional area (CSA)>2 SD of the mean intra-observer difference. A total of 118 matched evaluable IVUS (711 matched 5 mm segments) were available at follow-up. After a median follow-up of 3.0 (inter-quartile range 1.9, 4.1) years, there was no significant difference in the change of plaque CSA between perindopril (360 segments) and placebo (351 segments) groups, P=0.27. Conversely, the change in vessel CSA was significantly different between groups (perindopril -0.18+/-2.4 mm2 vs. placebo 0.19+/-2.4, P = 0.04). Negative remodelling occurred more frequently in the perindopril than in the placebo group (34 vs. 25%, P=0.01). In addition, the placebo group showed a larger, although not significant, mean remodelling index (RI) than the perindopril group (1.03+/-0.2 vs. 1.00+/-0.2, P=0.06). The temporal change in vessel dimensions assessed by the RI was significantly correlated with the change in plaque dimensions (r=0.48, P<0.0001). CONCLUSION In this sub-analysis of a multicentre, controlled study, long-term administration of perindopril was associated with a constrictive remodelling pattern without affecting the lumen.
Metatranscriptome Analysis of the Human Fecal Microbiota Reveals Subject-Specific Expression Profiles, with Genes Encoding Proteins Involved in Carbohydrate Metabolism Being Dominantly Expressed

ABSTRACT The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract provides home to a complex microbial community, collectively termed microbiota. Although major efforts have been made to describe the diversity and stability of the microbiota, functional studies have been largely restricted to intestinal isolates and include few community studies. The aim of this study was to explore the in situ gene expression of the fecal microbiota and to evaluate the RNA fingerprinting method cDNA-AFLP (cDNA amplified fragment length polymorphism) for this purpose. To this end, cDNA-AFLP analysis of enriched mRNA revealed that two healthy subjects showed highly divergent expression profiles with considerable fluctuations in time. Subsequent excision and sequence determination of bands from the mRNA-enriched profiles resulted in 122 identifiable sequences (transcripts and rRNAs). The classification of retrieved transcripts into functional clusters based on COG (cluster of orthologous genes) annotation showed that most assigned transcripts belonged to the metabolism cluster (26% of all sequences), underlining that even at the very end of the intestinal tract the microbiota is still very active. This study furthermore revealed that cDNA-AFLP is a useful tool to compare gene expression profiles in time in complex microbial communities.
Statistical Deobfuscation of Android Applications

This work presents a new approach for deobfuscating Android APKs based on probabilistic learning of large code bases (termed "Big Code"). The key idea is to learn a probabilistic model over thousands of non-obfuscated Android applications and to use this probabilistic model to deobfuscate new, unseen Android APKs. The concrete focus of the paper is on reversing layout obfuscation, a popular transformation which renames key program elements such as classes, packages, and methods, thus making it difficult to understand what the program does. Concretely, the paper: (i) phrases the layout deobfuscation problem of Android APKs as structured prediction in a probabilistic graphical model, (ii) instantiates this model with a rich set of features and constraints that capture the Android setting, ensuring both semantic equivalence and high prediction accuracy, and (iii) shows how to leverage powerful inference and learning algorithms to achieve overall precision and scalability of the probabilistic predictions. We implemented our approach in a tool called DeGuard and used it to: (i) reverse the layout obfuscation performed by the popular ProGuard system on benign, open-source applications, (ii) predict third-party libraries imported by benign APKs (also obfuscated by ProGuard), and (iii) rename obfuscated program elements of Android malware. The experimental results indicate that DeGuard is practically effective: it recovers 79.1% of the program element names obfuscated with ProGuard, it predicts third-party libraries with accuracy of 91.3%, and it reveals string decoders and classes that handle sensitive data in Android malware.
The Globalization of Poverty and the New World Order

Introduction The Globalisation of Poverty Global falsehoods Policing Countries Through Loan "Conditionalities" The World Bank and Women's Rights The Global Cheap-Labour Economy Somalia: The Real Causes of Famine Economic Genocide in Rwanda "Exporting Apartheid" to sub-Saharan Africa Wreaking Ethiopia's Peasant Economy, Destroying Biodiversity India: The IMF's "Indirect Rule" Bangladesh: Under the Tutelage of the "Aid" Consortium The Post-War Economic Destruction of Vietnam Debt and "Democracy" in Brazil IMF Shock Treatment in Peru Debt and the Illegal Drug Economy: The case of Bolivia The "Thirdworldisation" of the Russian Federation Dismantling Former Yugoslavia, Recolonising Bosnia-Herzegovina Albania's IMF Sponsored Financial Disaster Structural Adjustment in the Developed Countries Global Financial Meltdown Economic Warfare The Recolonisation of Korea The Brazilian Financial Scam Index.
Evidence for postseismic deformation of the lower crust following the 2004 Mw6.0 Parkfield earthquake

Previous studies have shown that postseismic relaxation following the 2004 Mw6.0 Parkfield, CA, earthquake is dominated by afterslip. However, we show that some fraction of the afterslip inferred from kinematic inversion to have occurred immediately below the seismically ruptured area may in fact be a substitute for viscous postseismic deformation of the lower crust. Using continuous GPS and synthetic aperture radar interferometry, we estimate the relative contribution of shallow afterslip (at depth less than 20km) and deeper seated deformation required to account for observed postseismic surface displacements. Exploiting the possible separation in space and time of the time series of displacements predicted from viscoelastic relaxation, we devise a linear inversion scheme that allows inverting jointly for the contribution of afterslip and viscoelastic flow as a function of time. We find that a wide range of models involving variable amounts of viscoelastic deformation can fit the observations equally well provided that they allow some fraction of deep-seated deformation (at depth larger than ∼20 km). These models require that the moment released by postseismic relaxation over 5 years following the earthquake reached nearly as much as 200% of the coseismic moment. All the models show a remarkable complementarity of coseismic and shallow afterslip distributions. Some significant deformation at lower crustal depth (20–26 km) is required to fit the geodetic data. The condition that postseismic deformation cannot exceed complete relaxation places a constraint on the amount of deep seated deformation. The analysis requires an effective viscosity of at least ~10^(18) Pa s of the lower crust (assuming a semi-infinite homogeneous viscous domain). This deep-seated deformation is consistent with the depth range of tremors which also show a transient postseismic response and could explain as much as 50% of the total postseismic geodetic moment (the remaining fraction being due to afterslip at depth shallower than 20 km). Lower crustal postseismic deformation could reflect a combination of localized ductile deformation and aseismic frictional sliding.
EU energy policy : agenda dynamics and policy change

This thesis analyses EU energy policy from a comparative agenda-setting perspective providing new theoretical and empirical insights into EU energy policy-making. Although two of the founding treaties of the European Communities covered the coal and nuclear sectors, the European Union has struggled ever since to establish itself in the field of energy policy. In particular, it failed to include an explicit Community competence on energy in Community primary law in subsequent treaty revisions – with the exception of the new Title XX on Energy introduced with the Lisbon Treaty. Nonetheless the European Union has established itself as an important player in European energy policy, as reflected in EU directives on energy market liberalisation, energy efficiency standards and targets for renewable energy sources. At the same time, policymakers at various levels, business, NGOs and experts agree that more EU energy policy is needed to face current and future transnational policy challenges, notably, climate change and energy security. This has led to numerous studies with policy recommendations on EU level action in the field of energy policy. By contrast, very few studies have analysed the drivers and barriers of EU energy policy-making and factors that can explain policy change and stability. Yet a better understanding of EU energy policy-making is a necessary precondition for the development of appropriate policy recommendations. This thesis provides an analysis of EU energy policy-making by identifying factors that can explain change and stability from an agenda-setting perspective. Drawing upon EU studies and agenda-setting literature the analysis distinguishes between two different agenda-setting routes, high and low politics, along the key stages of an issue career: initiation, specification, expansion and entrance. It accounts for the following key variables in EU agenda-setting: contextual factors, policy entrepreneurs, issue definition, and institutional venues. These are applied to two contrasting case studies of EU energy policy: nuclear energy and renewable energy. The study shows how and why Community initiatives failed in an institutionally ‘strong’ EU energy policy arena under Euratom, but succeeded in the field of renewable energy under the EC Treaty.
The Arabic Language Fog of War:Exploring Iraq War Veterans’ Motivations to Study Arabic Language and Culture Post-Deployment

This article describes research into Iraq War Veterans studying Arabic at the college level post-deployment. What is it about their exposure to the language and culture that motivates them to study the language after serving in Iraq? Few research studies exist in the area of Veterans’ education, a federally recognized minority. The study’s purpose was to explore Iraq war veterans’ language learning motivations and described their experiences, through the use of qualitative research methodology and the development of case study narratives. Results indicate that understanding the Veteran experience can foster a diversity-friendly, inclusive environment in the critical language classroom. There are broader implications for veteran higher education, other Less Commonly Taught Languages, alternative pedagogies, non-traditional student education, K-12, foreign language education policy, foreign relations, diversity & equity in the classroom, and national security.
Genetic Loci Related to Kernel Quality Differences between a Soft and a Hard Wheat Cultivar

processing and end-use characteristics, which depend on protein hydration and development through mixing. Hybridizations between hard and soft wheat types could be a source Hard wheat is generally used for making bread-type of novel variation for wheat quality improvement. This study was conducted to identify genomic regions related to differences in milling and products, and soft wheat is generally preferred for baking quality between a soft and a hard cultivar of hexaploid wheat pastry-type products. Hard grain requires more energy (Triticum aestivum L.). A population of 101 double-haploid lines was to be reduced to flour than soft grain, and its starch generated from a cross between Grandin, a hard spring wheat variety, granules are damaged more during milling. Damaged and AC Reed, a soft spring wheat variety. The genetic map included starch granules absorb more water, thereby altering sev320 markers in 43 linkage groups and spanned 3555 cM. Quadrumat- eral baking properties (Mok and Dick, 1991). milled flour yield, softness equivalent, flour protein content and alkaline Hybridizations between hard and soft wheat types water retention capacity were evaluated for three locations and one year, could expand the genetic base of wheat breeding and and Allis-Chalmers milling, mixograph, and cookie baking tests were create new possibilities for combinations of desirable completed without replication. The effect of qualitative variation for alleles from both germplasm subgroups. However, this kernel texture, caused by the segregation of the Hardness gene, was controlled by regression on texture class. The residual variance was used type of cross is not common practice in wheat breeding for composite interval mapping, and QTLs on 1A, 1B, 1A/D, 2A, 2B, because the two classes have distinct quality goals. 2D, 3A/B, 4B, 5B and 6B were detected. The effect of some QTLs was Carver (1996) compared interclass hybrids, backcrosses opposite to the direction expected on the basis of parental phenotypes. and progeny from a hard hard cross, and concluded The hard wheat parent contributed alleles favorable for soft wheat varie- that the interclass crosses resulted in progenies with ties at QTLs on 1AS,L, 1BL-2, and 6B, whereas the soft parent contrib- higher grain yield but lower flour yield and larger variuted alleles for higher protein content at QTLs on 2BL-1, 4B-1, and 6B ability for quality traits, and that recovering the quality and higher flour yield on 2BL-2 and 4B-2. These results indicated that profile of the hard type through intensive selection would hard soft wheat crosses have considerable potential for improving be feasible. Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) milling and baking quality of either class. related to quality differences between classes could help in planning complementary crosses and backcrosses, and in designing selection schemes to recover the quality charT
Supervised Deep Hashing for Hierarchical Labeled Data

Recently, hashing methods have been widely used in large-scale image retrieval. However, most existing supervised hashing methods do not consider the hierarchical relation of labels,which means that they ignored the rich semantic information stored in the hierarchy. Moreover, most of previous works treat each bit in a hash code equally, which does not meet the scenario of hierarchical labeled data. To tackle the aforementioned problems, in this paper, we propose a novel deep hashing method, called supervised hierarchical deep hashing (SHDH), to perform hash code learning for hierarchical labeled data. Speciﬁcally, we deﬁne a novel similarity formula for hierarchical labeled data by weighting each level, and design a deep neural network to obtain a hash code for each data point. Extensive experiments on two real-world public datasets show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines in the image retrieval task.
Analysis of Significant Parameters Affecting the Shielding Failure of HVDC-TL

This paper studies the influence of different parameters on the shielding failure of high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission lines. A numerical of analysis model considering the developing process of the downward lightning leader based on electromagnetic field theory is used to estimate the lateral striking distance to the transmission line. The influences of these factors on the shielding failure of the HVDC transmission line (TL), including different parameters of the downward lightning leader, HVDC transmission line, and weather conditions, have been considered in this analysis. The results show that the dimensions of the transmission line strongly affect the analyzed results of the HVDC-TL shielding failure.
Learning about ethical decision making in health care using web-based technology: a case study

ii Chapter One: Introduction . 1 Motivation for the study . 1 Study environment . 3 Aim of study . 3 Significance of the study . 4 The research setting . 5 Methodology overview . 5 Organisation of thesis . 6 Chapter Two: Literature Review . 8 Positioning health care ethics . 8 Evidence and values . 8 The proliferation of choice . 11 What are values? 12 Quasi-legal and process orientated perspectives of values . 13 Clarifying Values Based Decision Making . 15 Seedhouse’s philosophy . 16 Why teach ethics? 18 Ethics education . 20 Overview . 20 Teaching ethics as objective knowledge . 20 A theoretical basis for ethics education . 21 Process orientated learning . 22 Educational technologies . 23 What is the aim of ethics education? 26 Concluding comments . 26 Chapter Three: The Values Exchange . 28 Background information . 28 What is the aim of the Vx? 29 How does the Vx work? 29 Chapter Four: Methodology and Method. 42 Overview . 42 Theoretical underpinnings . 42 Research design . 43 Case study perspectives . 44 Defining this case study . 46 Justification for a case study strategy . 46 An argument for pragmatics . 49 Research ethics . 50 Partnership . 51 Participation . 51 Protection . 52 Implementing the study . 52 Recruitment and participants . 52 Justification of sample size . 53 The case scenario . 54 Pilot Study . 54 Equipping participants for the study . 55 Data collection . 56 Vx case scenario reports . 56 Vx survey reports. 57 Face to face interviews . 58 Reflective journal . 60 Data analysis . 60 Thematic analysis . 60 Peer examination of early interpretations . 63 Analysis of interview transcripts . 63 Trustworthiness: triangulation and validation . 64 Concluding comments . 65 Chapter Five: Findings . 67 Overview . 67 Demographic information . 67 The case scenario . 68 Deliberative summaries . 69 Bella . 70 Gracie . 70 Miriama . 70 Melanie . 70 Margaretha . 70 The decision making product: Realising inherent ten sio s . 71 Recognising complexity . 71 The need for clarity . 76 Conflicting duties . 77 Suppressed role of emotion . 81 The decision making process: New ways of seeing . 8 4 Expansion of thinking . 84 A widened horizon. 84 New understandings of self . 86 The decision making process: Foundations for thinki ng . 88 Creation of space . 88 A structural aid .
Trust and Reciprocity in Incentive Contracting

Principals can attempt to get agents to perform certain actions preferable to the principal by using ex post}punishments and rewards to align incentives. Field data is mixed on whether, and to what extent, such informal incentive contracting (paradoxically) crowds out efficient solutions to the agency problem. This paper explores, via a novel set of laboratory experiments, the impact of ex post incentives on informal contracts between principals and agents in bargaining environments in which there are gains from exchange and when there is an opportunity for the principal to relay a no-cost demand of the division of those gains. Incentive contracting in these environments does not crowd-out off- equilibrium cooperation, and at high incentive levels cooperation is crowded in.