Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A novel cryptographic and steganographic approach for secure cloud data migration

The flexibility to store unlimited data without any worry about storage limitations available at our disposal and the freedom to use it as and when required from anywhere in the world makes cloud computing the most preferred technology & platform to store and transfer data. Organizations and individual users are now very much comfortable to let their all-important data and software reside on the cloud servers and make themselves free from all the concerns of storage and security. However, every flexibility or benefits comes at a price and cloud computing too is not an exception. The threat of user's privacy, data confidentiality & integrity and data safety are always looming around. Among all of these, the secure transfer of data from organization's premises to the cloud servers is of utmost importance. So many encryption techniques and algorithms have been proposed by researchers in recent times to move data securely from their end to the servers. In this research paper, we propose a design for cloud architecture which ensures secure data transmission from the client's organization to the servers of the Cloud Service provider (CSP). We have used a combined approach of cryptography and steganography because it will provide a two way security to the data being transmitted on the network. First, the data gets converted into a coded format through the use of encryption algorithm and then this coded format data is again converted into a rough image through the use of steganography. Moreover, steganography also hides the existence of the message, thereby ensuring that the chances of data being tampered are minimal.
Empathy for Pain Involves the Affective but not Sensory Components of Pain

Our ability to have an experience of another's pain is characteristic of empathy. Using functional imaging, we assessed brain activity while volunteers experienced a painful stimulus and compared it to that elicited when they observed a signal indicating that their loved one—present in the same room—was receiving a similar pain stimulus. Bilateral anterior insula (AI), rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), brainstem, and cerebellum were activated when subjects received pain and also by a signal that a loved one experienced pain. AIand ACC activation correlated with individual empathy scores. Activity in the posterior insula/secondary somatosensory cortex, the sensorimotor cortex (SI/MI), and the caudal ACC was specific to receiving pain. Thus, a neural response in AIand rostral ACC, activated in common for “self” and “other” conditions, suggests that the neural substrate for empathic experience does not involve the entire “pain matrix. ” We conclude that only that part of the pain network associated with its affective qualities, but not its sensory qualities, mediates empathy.
The Interactions between E-Shopping and Store Shopping: A Case Study of the Twin Cities

This research aims to reveal the interactions between e-shopping and in-store shopping using a sample of Internet users in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area. This report summarizes previous research on the interactions among spatial attributes, e-shopping, and travel behavior and makes eight recommendations for future research. Guided by the recommendations, this study adopts an innovative research design by integrating a conventional shopping survey with an activity diary. This report provides a detailed description of survey development and implementation and points out several common pitfalls in survey administration. This report also presents results on the interactions. Specifically, two ordered probit models and structural equation models were developed to investigate the influence of geography on online shopping usage and the influence of e-shopping on traditional shopping.
Factors affecting obstetric outcome of singletons born after IVF.

BACKGROUND Singletons born after IVF have an adverse perinatal outcome when compared with singletons in the general population. This study investigates maternal characteristics and IVF- treatment-related variables, for a possible influence on obstetric outcomes. METHODS Data from all IVF clinics in Sweden, including all IVF singletons born after fresh treatment cycles and own oocytes during 2002-2006, were included (n = 8941) and cross-linked with the Swedish Medical Birth Registry. Four major outcomes were investigated: very preterm birth (<32 weeks), small for gestational age (SGA), placenta previa and placental abruption. Maternal characteristics (age, parity, BMI, smoking and years of infertility) and treatment-related variables (number of oocytes retrieved, number of embryo culture days, number of transferred and cryopreserved embryos, 'vanishing twin') were investigated for independent association with the four selected outcomes. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were calculated by logistic regression. RESULTS Primiparity, smoking, BMI and 'vanishing twin' were associated with an increased risk of very preterm birth. Maternal age, primiparity, smoking, BMI and years of infertility were associated with an increased risk of SGA. Maternal age and blastocyst transfer were associated with an increased risk, and primiparity with a decreased risk, of placenta previa. Smoking was significantly associated with placental abruption. CONCLUSIONS In singletons born after fresh IVF, certain maternal characteristics and the number of embryos transferred, when there was a 'vanishing twin' affected the obstetric outcome negatively. An increased rate of placenta previa was observed after blastocyst transfer. The results support the use of single embryo transfer and indicate that lifestyle factors are important for obstetric outcome.
Towards tacit knowledge sharing over social web tools

Purpose – Researchers debate whether tacit knowledge sharing through information technology (IT) is actually possible. However, with the advent of social web tools, it has been argued that most shortcomings of tacit knowledge sharing are likely to disappear. The purpose of this paper is two‐fold: first, to demonstrate the existing debates in the literature regarding tacit knowledge sharing using IT; and second, to identify key research gaps that lay the foundations for future research into tacit knowledge sharing using the social web.Design/methodology/approach – This paper reviews current literature on IT‐mediated tacit knowledge sharing and opens a discussion on tacit knowledge sharing through the use of the social web.Findings – First, the existing schools of thought in regards to IT ability for tacit knowledge sharing are introduced. Next, difficulties of sharing tacit knowledge through the use of IT are discussed. Then, potentials and pitfalls of social web tools are presented. Finally, the paper con.
Scale Development and Validation

The attitudes measures were developed by adapting the Colorado Learning Science Survey for Use in Chemistry (CLASS-Chem), the Chemistry Self-Concept Inventory (CSCI), a science identity survey, a fascination survey, and a math anxiety survey. However, we use factor analysis and Item Response Theory analyses to ensure that the resulting scales had strong psychometric properties (i.e., they loaded as a single factor, they measured students well across ability levels, and they had high reliability).
Programmatic Gold: Targeted and Scalable Quality Assurance in Crowdsourcing

Crowdsourcing is an effective tool for scalable data annotation in both research and enterprise contexts. Due to crowdsourcing's open participation model, quality assurance is critical to the success of any project. Present methods rely on EM-style post-processing or manual annotation of large gold standard sets. In this paper we present an automated quality assurance process that is inexpensive and scalable. Our novel process relies on programmatic gold creation to provide targeted training feedback to workers and to prevent common scamming scenarios. We find that it decreases the amount of manual work required to manage crowdsourced labor while improving the overall quality of the results.
A 610‐MHz survey of the ELAIS‐N1 field with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope – observations, data analysis and source catalogue

ABSTRACT Observations of the ELAIS-N1 ﬁeld taken at 610 MHz with the Giant Metrewave Radio Tele-scope are presented. Nineteen pointings were observed, covering a total area of ∼9 deg 2 witha resolution of 6 × 5 arcsec 2 , PA +45 ◦ . Four of the pointings were deep observations with anrms of ∼40 µJy before primary beam correction, with the remaining ﬁftee n pointings havingan rms of ∼ 70 µJy. The techniques used for data reduction and production of a mosaickedimage of the region are described, and the ﬁnal mosaic is pres ented, along with a catalogueof 2500 sources detected above 6σ. This work complements the large amount of optical andinfrared data already available on the region. We calculate 610-MHz source counts down to270 µJy, and ﬁnd further evidence for the turnoverin differentia l number counts below 1 mJy,previously seen at both 610 MHz and 1.4 GHz.Key words: surveys – catalogues – radio continuum: galaxies 1 INTRODUCTIONThe Spitzer Wide-area Infrared Extragalactic (SWIRE;Lonsdale et al. 2003) survey has the largest sky coverage ofthe legacy surveys being performed by the Spitzer Space Telescope(Werner et al. 2004). A total area of ∼49 deg
The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Between-task Competition for Intentions and Actions

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Other-race categorisation advantage in a binary- vs. ternary-response race categorisation task*

ABSTRACT When categorising a face based on race, people respond faster to other-race faces than own-race faces [Other-Race Categorisation Advantage (ORCA)]. Five experiments were conducted to examine the ORCA in Chinese participants in race categorisation tasks. Participants classified a face either as Chinese vs. non-Chinese (binary response) or as Caucasian, Indian, or Chinese (ternary response). Experiments 1A and 1B replicated the ORCA with Chinese vs. Caucasian and Chinese vs. Indian faces, respectively, in a binary-response task. Experiments 2A/2B and 3 presented faces of all three races in the ternary- and binary-response tasks. Task type was manipulated between and within participants in Experiments 2A/2B and 3, respectively. The typical ORCA occurred in the binary-response task, but did not consistently so in the ternary-response task. These results indicate that neither the race-feature hypothesis [Levin, D. T. 1996. Classifying faces by race: The structure of face categories. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22(6), 1364–1382] nor the differential processing hypothesis [Zhao, L. , & Bentin, S. 2011. The role of features and configural processing in face-race classification. Vision Research, 51(23-24), 2462–2470] could fully account for the ORCA observed in the ternary-response task.
Irreversible investment and information acquisition under uncertainty

We analyse the decision of an agent to invest in new industrial activities the con- sequences of which on people's health and the environment are initially unknown. The agent does not have the possibility of delaying her/his investment but s/he gets the opportunity to acquire information in order to reduce her/his uncertainty. We find that the agent always invests unless the cost exceeds the direct benefit, and does acquire information with a certain degree of precision. Moreover, we show that acquiring information can encourage the agent to make a larger investment. Likewise, we identify all factors that might modify the agent's decisions. We then discuss some political instruments that could make it easier for investors to both in- novate and acquire information. Finally, the impact of insurance on the investment and information acquisition decisions is also examined.
Impact of sex and myocardial function on association of obesity with mortality in Asian patients with acute heart failure: a retrospective analysis from the STRATS-AHF registry

Objectives Impact of sex and myocardial function on the obesity paradox in heart failure (HF) is unknown. We explored whether sex, myocardial function, and left ventricular (LV) geometry explains the protective association of body mass index (BMI) with mortality, and investigated whether metabolic health status affects this association. Design A multicentre cohort study with patients with acute HF admitted from January 2009 to December 2016 with a median follow-up of 33.7 months. Setting Three tertiary hospitals. Participants A total of 2021 overweight-to-obese (OW) and 1543 normal-weight (NW) patients with acute HF. Measurements The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Patients were categorised as either OW (BMI≥23kg/m2) or NW (BMI<23kg/m2). BMI was used as both categorical and continuous variables. Clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic measures, including LV global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS), LV-ejection fraction, LV geometry, were obtained. Results During the follow-up period, 1392 patients died (685 OW and 707 NW). BMI was significantly associated with mortality in univariate (HR=0.929 per kg/m2, p<0.001) and multivariate analyses (HR=0.954 per kg/m2, p<0.001). In multivariable fractional polynomials, higher BMIs were associated with lower mortality overall and in subgroups by sex, LV-GLS and LV geometry, with a steeper association in men (p-interaction <0.001). In women, there were significant interactions of BMI with LV-GLS (p-interaction=0.044) and age (p-interaction=0.040) for mortality; the protective association of BMI with mortality was confined to subgroups with high LV-GLS (>10.1%) or elderly patients (≥75 years). In men, this association was found in all subgroups without significant interaction. Metabolically healthy obese patients had better survival than metabolically unhealthy obese patients (log-rank p<0.001). Conclusions In women, a significant interaction was observed between BMI and age or LV-GLS in association with mortality, suggesting that sex, ageing and myocardial dysfunction can affect the magnitude of the obesity paradox in HF. Metabolic health status provides prognostic information beyond obesity status. Trial registration number Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT03513653 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03513653)
Upgrading to resynchronization therapy after chronic right ventricular pacing improves left ventricular remodelling.

AIMS Chronic right ventricular (RV) pacing may impose ventricular dyssynchrony leading to LV remodelling and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Upgrading patients with chronic RV pacing to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be considered to restore synchronicity and prevent these deleterious effects. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 172 patients from two tertiary centres were analysed over a mean follow-up of 21.7 and 23.5 months after primary CRT implantation (n = 102) and CRT upgrade (n = 70), respectively. In the latter group, mean duration of RV pacing before CRT upgrade was 80.3 months, and ventricular stimulation was >95%. A significant improvement in left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (10 and 11% absolute increase in primary CRT vs. upgrades, respectively), LV end-diastolic diameter index (-0.15 cm/m(2) vs. -0.2 cm/m(2)), and LV end-systolic diameter (-6.0 vs. -7.0 mm) was observed in both groups, which did not differ between primary CRT recipients and CRT upgrades. Response to CRT upgrade was independent of the underlying rhythm, QRS duration, duration of prior RV pacing, or LV function and size at baseline. Of note, even seven of nine patients with RV pacing >12 years responded favourably to CRT. CONCLUSION The current study demonstrates that CRT reverses LV remodelling in heart failure patients with chronic RV pacing in a similar way as in primary CRT recipients, even after very long periods of RV pacing. Our data, therefore, may have important implications for the treatment of pacemaker-dependent patients with heart failure, and support the use of CRT in this setting.
Full-length genome sequence of a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infecting a captive agile mangabey (Cercocebus agilis) is closely related to SIVrcm infecting wild red-capped mangabeys (Cercocebus torquatus) in Cameroon

Simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) are lentiviruses that infect an extensive number of wild African primate species. Here we describe for the first time SIV infection in a captive agile mangabey (Cercocebus agilis) from Cameroon. Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length genome sequence of SIVagi-00CM312 showed that this novel virus fell into the SIVrcm lineage and was most closely related to a newly characterized SIVrcm strain (SIVrcm-02CM8081) from a wild-caught red-capped mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus) from Cameroon. In contrast to red-capped mangabeys, no 24 bp deletion in CCR5 has been observed in the agile mangabey. Further studies on wild agile mangabeys are needed to determine whether agile and red-capped mangabeys are naturally infected with the same SIV lineage, or whether this agile mangabey became infected with an SIVrcm strain in captivity. However, our study shows that agile mangabeys are susceptible to SIV infection.
Long‐term monitoring of hippocampus‐dependent behavior in naturalistic settings: Mutant mice lacking neurotrophin receptor TrkB in the forebrain show spatial learning but impaired behavioral flexibility

P revious behavioral studies (Minichiello et al., Neuron 1999;24:401–414) showed that mice deficient for the TrkB receptor in the forebrain were unable to learn a swimming navigation task with an invisible platform and were severely impaired in finding a visible platform in the same setup. Likewise, additional behavioral deficits suggested a malfunction of the hippocampus and proximally connected forebrain structures. In order to discriminate whether the behavioral impairment was caused either by deficits in spatial memory and learning, or alternatively by loss of behavioral flexibility, 8 trkB mutant, 13 wild‐type, and 22 heterozygous mice were implanted with transponders and released for 21 days into a large outdoor pen (10 × 10 m). The enclosure contained 2 shelters and 8 computer‐controlled feeder boxes, delivering food portions for every mouse only during their first visit. Every third day, mice received food ad libitum inside the shelters. All mice learned to patrol the boxes correctly within a few days. However, significant differences emerged during those days with free food available. Wild‐type mice remained inside the shelters, while all homozygous mutants continued to patrol the boxes in their habitual way, the heterozygous mutants showing intermediate scores. These and previous data suggest that one of the natural functions of the mouse hippocampus is to comediate behavioral flexibility, and that TrkB receptors might play an essential role in maintaining the neuronal short‐term plasticity necessary for this capacity. Hippocampus 2002;12:27–38. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experiences of Racialized Service Providers who Work with Racialized Clients: Functions and constraints of master and counter-narratives of helping, racism, and vicarious racism

What are the experiences of racialized frontline workers? How do they experience vicarious racism? I interviewed 8 frontline workers who were involved in counseling racialized individuals. The narrative paradigm, constructivist self-development theory (CSDT), and critical race theory (CRT) were the theoretical frames that guided the interviews and data analysis in order to answer these questions. I conducted a structural narrative analysis, which revealed how participants utilized assumptions from master narratives and at other times countered them. Interviewees occasionally stepped outside of the master narrative entirely, for example, by rejecting the categorization of race. According to CSDT, our meanings are determined by schemas, which can be altered through experiences such as trauma, including vicarious trauma. Vicarious racism was similar to vicarious trauma in that it involved empathic engagement and occasionally, schema or somatic changes. Negative schema changes included: hypervigilance, development of double consciousness, and self-doubt. The primary positive schema change was moving from passive witness to active agent. However, vicarious racism did not always change one’s schema as participants used coping skills, such as double consciousness, normalization or counter-narratives, developed from their own experiences of racialization. A sense of belonging , mentorship and/or privilege was related to how vicarious racism was processed and whether or not counter-narratives were sustained. In using CRT as a theoretical lens, I examined not just how meaning is made by individual experiences, but how power relations and master narratives interplay with meaning making and schema development.
Glibenclamide but not other sulphonylureas stimulates release of neuropeptide Y from perifused rat islets and hamster insulinoma cells.

We have studied the effects of first and second generation sulphonylureas on the release of insulin and neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY) from hamster insulinoma tumour (HIT T15) cells and isolated rat islets. In the presence of 5.5 mmol/l glucose all sulphonylureas stimulated insulin release from the HIT cells (P<0.01 ANOVA, n> or =4) but only glibenclamide (GLIB, 10 micromol/l) stimulated the release of NPY (mean+/-s.e.m. control 11.1+/-1.3 vs GLIB 28.4+/-4.1 fmol/h per 10(6) cells, P<0001, n=16). In isolated perifused rat islets both glibenclamide (10 micromol/l) (control 3.5+/-0.3 vs GLIB 6. 3+/-0.2 fmol/min per islet, P<0.01, n=6) and tolbutamide (50 micromol/l) (control 4.7+/-0.1 vs TOLB 6.7+/-0.3 fmol/min per islet, P<0.01, n=6) enhanced glucose (8 mmol/l)-stimulated insulin release. However, only glibenclamide stimulated the release of NPY from the islets (control 3.4+/-0.8 vs GLIB 24.5+/-5 attomol/min per islet, P<0.01, n=6). Similar results were obtained in islets isolated from dexamethasonetreated rats. Glibenclamide treatment of HIT cells showed a prompt insulin release (10 min) while NPY secretion was slower (60 min), suggesting that internalization of the sulphonylurea is required to stimulate NPY release. Glibenclamide, the most common oral therapeutic agent in type 2 diabetes mellitus, is associated with release of the autocrine insulin secretion inhibitor, NPY.
Rigidly Applied Rules? Revisiting Inflexibility in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Using Multilevel Meta-Analysis

Several recent models of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) consider it to be a neurocognitive disorder involving inflexibility and disinhibition. Indeed, previous reviews of neuropsychological functioning in OCD suggested impaired performance in flexibility tasks. The current meta-analysis examines whether the reported differences in flexibility can be explained by general underperformance unrelated to flexibility. In addition, the role of feedback processing in inflexibility is investigated. To this end, we integrated evidence from 75 studies that compared patients with OCD with nonpsychiatric controls on at least one flexibility measure, while applying a novel approach in which task scores measuring flexibility were compared with control scores from the same tasks measuring other confounding processes. The results revealed no evidence for inflexibility in OCD, with patients’ performance most parsimoniously explained by nonspecific factors. These results challenge models stressing inflexibility as an endophenotype of OCD. Methodological implications for reviewing cognitive deficits in psychopathology are discussed.