Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial, Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activity of Passiflora Edulis Sims

The petroleum ether and chloroform fractions of ethanol extract of leaf and stem from the plant Passiflora edulis (Fam: Passifloraceae) was subjected to antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic activity. All the fractions showed potent antioxidant activity, of which the chloroform and petroleum ether fraction of stem demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity with the IC50 value of 51.28 μg/ml and 54.01 μg/ml, respectively. In case of antibacterial screening, crude chloroform extract of leaf showed moderate antibacterial activity ranged from 7-10 against twelve microorganisms at a concentration of 500 μg/disc but no activity is observed by the petroleum ether extract. The crude chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of stem showed notable antibacterial activity at a concentration 500 μg/disc ranged from 8-17 and 7-12 respectively against twelve microorganisms However, in the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, all the crude extracts of leaf and stem possessed considerable cytotoxic activity. It was evident that, the chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of stem and leaf have significant cytotoxic potentials with the LC50 value of 6.63 μg/ml, 6.89 μg/ml and 7.91 μg/ml 11. 17μg/ml respectively. Antibacterial, Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activity of Passiflora Edulis Sims 593
The Role of Habit in Information Systems Continuance: Examining the Evolving Relationship Between Intention and Usage

The purpose of this study is to investigate the evolving relationship between intention and information systems usage over time. Our main argument is that as individuals get into the habit of continuously using a system, the predictive power of intention will be diluted. Consequently, the more usage is performed out of habit, the less cognitive planning is involved. The research model is tested in a longitudinal setting and the results present strong support to the hypotheses. The moderating effect of habit on the relationship between intention and usage increases over time, while the impact of intention on IS continued usage weakens over time. In addition, prior behavior is found to have a strong and significant effect on continued usage. The implications of this study are noteworthy for both researchers and practitioners.
A comparative study of two automatic document classification methods in a library setting

In current library practice, trained human experts usually carry out document cataloguing and indexing based on a manual approach. With the explosive growth in the number of electronic documents available on the Internet and digital libraries, it is increasingly difficult for library practitioners to categorize both electronic documents and traditional library materials using just a manual approach. To improve the effectiveness and efficiency of document categorization at the library setting, more in-depth studies of using automatic document classification methods to categorize library items are required. Machine learning research has advanced rapidly in recent years. However, applying machine learning techniques to improve library practice is still a relatively unexplored area. This paper illustrates the design and development of a machine learning based automatic document classification system to alleviate the manual categorization problem encountered within the library setting. Two supervised machine learning algorithms have been tested. Our empirical tests show that supervised machine learning algorithms in general, and the k-nearest neighbours (KNN) algorithm in particular, can be used to develop an effective document classification system to enhance current library practice. Moreover, some concrete recommendations regarding how to practically apply the KNN algorithm to develop automatic document classification in a library setting are made. To our best knowledge, this is the first in-depth study of applying the KNN algorithm to automatic document classification based on the widely used LCC classification scheme adopted by many large libraries.
Patterns of Precarious Employment in a Female-Dominated Sector in Five Welfare States—The Case of Paid Domestic Labor Sector

Abstract:This is the first quantitative comparative study that examines the relationship between paid domestic labor and precarious employment on the microlevel. Using the Luxembourg Income Study 2013/2014, it shows that across welfare regimes, domestic workers have a higher probability of working in precarious employment settings compared to other industries. Furthermore, the overlaps of two or more precarious employment settings are significantly more common in domestic work than among other industries in all countries examined. This is an important finding as it proves the high insecurity of the formal domestic labor industry even in countries with specific regulations regarding domestic work.
Incentive Effects of Cash Benefits among Young People. A Natural Experiment from Norway

Abstract Prior research on active labour market programmes (ALMPs) for young people has revealed either no effect or negative effects on transition rates into employment. In addition to accessing the programme content, participation in ALMPs bestows the right to a supplementary benefit. Yet, the direct effect of this benefit on the use and outcome of ALMPs remains largely unknown. We study the effects of a Norwegian policy that pays much higher benefits to recipients when they reach 19 years of age. This policy provides a natural experimental setting that allows us to utilise the age discontinuity to observe whether young people are more likely to become benefit recipients after their nineteenth birthday, and to estimate the effect of benefits on the labour supply. As age determines the increase in benefits rather than need, it creates a random and exogenous variation in the criteria for allocating cash benefits. We use Norwegian administrative register data that cover all 18 to 19 year olds during the period 2003 to 2012. We find no effect on programme take-up or employment rates. Hence, benefits do not work against the aim of ALMPs and young people's responsiveness to financial incentives cannot explain such programmes’ lack of effects.
Processing and Characterization of NiTi Porous SMA by Elevated Pressure Sintering

Currently, three methods are commonly used for producing porous NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) from elemental powders. These include conventional sintering, Self-propagating High temperature Synthesis (SHS), and sintering at elevated pressure via a Hot Isostatic Press (HIP). Conventional sintering requires long heating times and samples are limited in shape and pore size. SHS is initiated by a thermal explosion ignited at one end of the specimen, which then propagates through the specimen in a self-sustaining manner. One of the difficulties with SHS is the inability to control intermetallic phases. This work will focus on the fabrication and characterization of porous NiTi SMA material produced from elemental powders via HIPping. Porous NiTi SMA was produced from elemental Ni and Ti powders at elevated temperature and pressure using a HIP. Small and large pore specimens containing average pore sizes ranging from 20 μm up to 1 mm have been produced by slightly varying the HIPping sintering temperatures and times. Quasi-static and dynamic loading experiments are conducted on various samples produced using the presented methodology and their shape recovery and energy absorption characteristics are measured during the forward and reverse phase transformation and detwinning. Their phase transformation characteristics were found using calorimetric measurements and their composition has been studied using optical and electron microscopy and microprobe X-ray analysis.
A Three-dimensional Study of the Local Environment of Bright IRAS Galaxies: The Active Galactic Nucleus-Starburst Connection

We present a three-dimensional study of the local (≤100 h-1 kpc) and the large scale (≤1 h-1 Mpc) environment of bright IRAS balaxies (BIRGs). For this purpose we use 87 BIRGs located at high Galactic latitudes (with 0.008 ≤ z ≤ 0.018), as well as a control sample of nonactive galaxies having the same morphological, redshift, and diameter size distributions as the corresponding BIRG sample. Using the Center for Astrophysics and the Southern Sky Redshift Survey galaxy catalogs (mb ≲ 15.5), as well as our own spectroscopic observations (mb ≲ 19.0), for a subsample of the original BIRG sample, we find that the fraction of BIRGs with a close neighbor is significantly higher than that of their control sample. Comparing with a related analysis of Seyfert 1 and Seyfert 2 galaxies by Koulouridis and coworkers, we find that BIRGs have a similar environment to that of Seyfert 2 galaxies, although the fraction of BIRGs with a bright, close neighbor is even higher than that for Seyfert 2 galaxies. An additional analysis of the relation between FIR colors and the type of activity of each BIRG shows a significant difference between the colors of strongly interacting and noninteracting starbursts and a resemblance between the colors of noninteracting starbursts and Seyfert 2 galaxies. Our results support the view that close interactions can drive molecular clouds toward the galactic center, triggering starburst activity and obscuring the nuclear activity. When the close neighbor moves away, starburst activity is reduced with the simultaneous appearance of an obscured (type 2) active galactic nucleus (AGN). Finally, the complete disentanglement of the pair gives birth to an unobscured (type 1) AGN.
From Distrust to Distress: Associations Among Military Sexual Assault, Organizational Trust, and Occupational Health

Objective: Workplace violence is underreported, in part due to lack of trust in the system—an organization’s ability to protect victims’ safety, confidentiality, and dignity. We focus on military sexual assault—a form of workplace violence—aiming to (a) identify factors that relate to employee trust in the organization’s sexual assault response system and (b) determine how trust in this system (or lack thereof) is associated with well-being. Method: Participants were drawn from a representative sample of U.S. military personnel (542 victims of past-year sexual assault and a random sample of 1,000 individuals who did not experience sexual assault in the past year). Results: Trust differed by personal and organizational characteristics. Notably, trust was higher among men (vs. women), nonvictims (vs. past-year victims of sexual assault), members of the air force (vs. other service branches), and personnel who recalled comprehensive training related to sexual assault prevention and response (vs. minimal or no training). Further, lower trust in the system predicted lower work satisfaction and coworker satisfaction, more negative health perceptions, more greater symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress, and lower intent to remain on active duty. These negative outcomes emerged beyond the effects of past-year sexual assault and combat. Conclusions: Trust that an organization will protect employees’ safety, confidentiality, and dignity if they report violence is important to both mental and occupational health, for both victims and nonvictims alike. In short, workplace violence can be devastating and so can (non)responsiveness to violence by the larger institution.
On the capacity of vector Gaussian interference channels

The capacity of a vector Gaussian interference channel is investigated. Outer bounds, and where possible, capacity regions of a class of interference channels is characterized. The analysis of single transmit multiple receive antenna (SIMO) Gaussian interference channels with strong interference can be easily seen to be exactly analogous to that of a single transmit single receive antenna system. This paper demonstrates that, in contrast, multiple transmit single receive antenna (MISO) Gaussian interference channels are much harder to characterize. In this paper, the capacity region for a class of MISO interference channels with very strong interference is characterized. Also, the rank of the optimal transmit policy in a MISO Gaussian interference channel is shown to be bounded by the number of users in the system. Finally, outer bounds on the capacity region of the general multiple transmit and receive antenna (MIMO) Gaussian interference channels are derived. A new outer bound is obtained, which combines and improves previously known strategies for bounding the capacity of interference channels.
RAID-Aware SSD: Improving the Write Performance and Lifespan of SSD in SSD-Based RAID-5 System

Flash memory-based SSD RAID has an excellent I/O performance with high stability, which making it get more and more attention from companies and manufacturers, especially in I/O-intensive environments. However, frequently updating parity also makes the SSD have a higher overhead in the process of garbage collection. To this end, we propose RAID-Aware SSD (RA-SSD) that could distinguish user data from parity by detecting the different access patterns from the upper RAID layer, and store them separately at different flash blocks. RA-SSD could effectively reduce the overhead of garbage collection. Simulation results show that, being deployed in a RAID-5 System, RA-SSD could reduce the number of pages copied in the process of garbage collection by up to 10%. As the overhead of garbage collection decreases, the write performance and lifespan will be improved. The extra space consumed by RA-SSD is very small, it is only about 1/10000 of the capacity of the device. Moreover, the processing logic of RA-SSD is so simple that it has very little impact on read performance.
PERANAN KONFLIK KOGNITIF TERHADAP PERUBAHAN KONSEPTUAL PADA MAHASISWA TENTANG KONSEP GAYA

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat konflik kognitif dan perubahan pendapat mahasiswa terhadap kebenaran konsep gaya yang diyakini pada saat proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran CCM-CCA dan yang telah divalidasi oleh ahli pendidikan fisika melalui kegiatan FGD (Focused Group Discussions) dan hasil validasinya adalah valid secara isi dan konstruk. Desain penelitian yang digunakan mengikuti metode R & D, yaitu pengembangan model dimulai dari mendesain model sampai implementasi model. Tingkat konflik kognitif diukur dengan lembar instrumen penilaian konflik kognitif. Perubahan pendapat mahasiswa diukur dengan menggunakan lembar pengamatan perubahan pendapat mahasiswa. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa ke empat mahasiswa yang pada saat pretest memiliki konflik kognitif tinggi (M1 dan M2) dan rendah (M3 dan M4) setelah pembelajaran memiliki rata-rata persentase konflik kognitif lebih tinggi dari 75% (kategori yang sangat tinggi). Mahasiswa juga mengalami perubahan pendapat terhadap konsep yang diyakini kebenarannya pada konsep benda rihat (diam), benda bergerak ke atas, hukum kelembaman, gaya gesekan, dan keberlakuan hukum I dan III Newton tentang gerak. Hal ini menunjukkan model pembelajaran CCM-CCA dapat meningkatkan terjadinya konflik kognitif pada mahasiswa dan perubahan pendapat terhadap konsepsi salah yang diyakini kebenarannya menjadi konsepsi ilmiah (konsepsi fisikawan). Kata Kunci: Konflik kognitif, perubahan pendapat, gaya
The Whole World Is Watching: Comparing European and United States News Coverage of the U.S. 2008 and 2016 Elections

United States presidential election campaigns provide a unique opportunity to study how media in different countries cover the same “international” event. Although campaign research is flourishing, it is unclear to what extent U.S. and European media cover campaigns differently. Therefore, this study analyzes how the U.S. press covered both the 2008 and 2016 campaigns in comparison with the press in 6 West European countries. We analyze 2 central characteristics of campaign coverage: (1) the tone or degree of negativity and (2) the substantial nature of the coverage. Our results confirm that substantial issue coverage is low, and a negative view of candidates and the campaign is prevailing. Although there is variation in the coverage within and between the countries under study, structural differences between the press in the U.S. and Europe are almost absent. In line with the idea of media convergence, this suggests that we can no longer distinguish the campaign coverage of U.S. and European newspapers. We argue that shared news values and the specific context of campaigns determine news coverage across the board.
Carbon isotopes and Pa / Th response to forced circulation changes: a model perspective

Abstract. Understanding the ocean circulation changes associated with last glacial abrupt climate events is key to better assess climate variability and understand its different natural modes. Sedimentary Pa / Th, benthic δ13C and Δ14C are common proxies used to reconstruct past circulation flow rate and ventilation. To overcome the limitations of each proxy taken separately, a better approach is to produce multi-proxy measurements on a single sediment core. Yet, different proxies can provide conflicting information about past ocean circulation. Thus, modelling them in a consistent physical framework has become necessary to assess the geographical pattern, the timing and sequence of the multi-proxy response to abrupt circulation changes. We have implemented a representation of the 231Pa and 230Th tracers into the model of intermediate complexity iLOVECLIM, which already included δ13C and Δ14C. We have further evaluated the response of these three ocean circulation proxies to a classical abrupt circulation reduction obtained by freshwater addition in the Nordic seas under preindustrial boundary conditions. Without a priori guess, the proxy response is shown to cluster in modes that resemble the modern Atlantic water masses. The clearest and most coherent response is obtained in the deep (> 2,000 m) Northwest Atlantic, where δ13C and Δ14C significantly decrease while Pa / Th increases. This is consistent with observational data across millennial scale events of the last glacial. Interestingly, while in marine records, except in rare instances, the phase relationship between these proxies remains unclear due to large dating uncertainties, in the model the bottom water carbon isotopes (δ13C and Δ14C) response lags the sedimentary Pa / Th response by a few hundred years.
Ejaculate investment and attractiveness in the stalk-eyed fly, Diasemopsis meigenii

The phenotype-linked fertility hypothesis proposes that male fertility is advertised via phenotypic signals, explaining female preference for highly sexually ornamented males. An alternative view is that highly attractive males constrain their ejaculate allocation per mating so as to participate in a greater number of matings. Males are also expected to bias their ejaculate allocation to the most fecund females. We test these hypotheses in the African stalk-eyed fly, Diasemopsis meigenii. We ask how male ejaculate allocation strategy is influenced by male eyespan and female size. Despite large eyespan males having larger internal reproductive organs, we found no association between male eyespan and spermatophore size or sperm number, lending no support to the phenotype-linked fertility hypothesis. However, males mated for longer and transferred more sperm to large females. As female size was positively correlated with fecundity, this suggests that males gain a selective advantage by investing more in large females. Given these findings, we consider how female mate preference for large male eyespan can be adaptive despite the lack of obvious direct benefits.
A relational identity approach to study the antecedents of family supportive supervision

This research focuses on the antecedents of family supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB) – the support from supervisors that can help employees manage their competing demands across work and nonwork domains. Drawing on theories of relational identity and self-construal, I conceptualize subordinates’ likeability (interpersonal abilities) and competence (task abilities) as antecedents of family supportive supervisor behaviors, and examine whether supervisors’ relational identification with subordinates mediates this relationship. In addition, I also examine the extent to which this mediation depends on the level of relational self-construal of supervisors. Data from 205 subordinates and 84 supervisors from a Chilean private bank and results support the hypothesized mediated moderation model. While supervisors’ relational identification with subordinates fully mediates the relationship between competence and family supportive supervisor behaviors, supervisors’ relational identification with subordinates partially mediates the relationship between subordinates’ likeability and family supportive supervisor behaviors. Further, supervisors’ relational identification with subordinates mediates the relationship between likeability and family supportive supervisor behaviors when supervisors’ relational self-construal is high to medium but not when it is low. Overall, this research offers a novel lens for better understanding subordinates as more than mere recipients of supervisory behaviors.
Northern Ireland and the Crisis of Anti-Racism: Rethinking Racism and Sectarianism

Also, by devoting separate chapters to the relation between two or three specific players located at two identified levels, Visoka dissects the interactional dynamics and underscores the internal debates at every level. Despite its important and central contributions, the book has a major pitfall: it does not adequately address the question of the local community as it mostly focuses on mid-level actors like NGOs, political parties or social movements. Claiming that “post-ethnic politics is about liberating individuals from imposed collective identities” (p.232), the author, however, presents local actors which themselves impose collective identities on individuals. The book clearly lacks an analysis of the everyday resistance and cooperation of ordinary citizens. Finally, one cannot help but agree with the do-good proposal put forward by the author in his last chapter: that to achieve a sustainable peace state-building project in Kosovo the polity has to become more inclusive. It is regrettable, however, that Visoka does not offer workable suggestions about the practical implementation of such a noble objective. Nevertheless, Shaping Peace in Kosovo: The Politics of Peacebuilding and Statehood offers a fundamental contribution to the study of the Kosovo question and addresses the main challenges international and local actors face today. This will offer a solid basis for the future generation of researchers to assess the viability of the normative programme the book sets out.
Assessing Nominal Income Rules for Monetary Policy with Model and Data Uncertainty

Nominal income rules for monetary policy have long been debated, but two issues are of particular recent interest. First, there are questions about the performance of such rules over a range of plausible empirical models---especially models with and without rational inflation expectations. Second, there are questions about the performance of these rules in real time using the type of data that is actually available contemporaneously to policymakers rather than final revised data. This paper determines optimal monetary policy rules in the presence of such model uncertainty and real-time data uncertainty and finds only a limited role for nominal output growth.