Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Structure-Based Model for Chinese Organization Name Translation

Named entity (NE) translation is a fundamental task in multilingual natural language processing. The performance of a machine translation system depends heavily on precise translation of the inclusive NEs. Furthermore, organization name (ON) is the most complex NE for translation among all the NEs. In this article, the structure formulation of ONs is investigated and a hierarchical structure-based ON translation model for Chinese-to-English translation system is presented. First, the model performs ON chunking; then both the translation of words within chunks and the process of chunk-reordering are achieved by synchronous context-free grammar (CFG). The CFG rules are extracted from bilingual ON pairs in a training program. The main contributions of this article are: (1) defining appropriate chunk-units for analyzing the internal structure of Chinese ONs; (2) making the chunk-based ON translation feasible and flexible via a hierarchical CFG derivation; and (3) proposing a training architecture to automatically learn the synchronous CFG for constructing ONs with chunk-units from aligned bilingual ON pairs. The experiments show that the proposed approach translates the Chinese ONs into English with an accuracy of 93.75% and significantly improves the performance of a baseline statistical machine translation (SMT) system.
Posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression—adding another layer of complexity to the DNA damage response

In response to DNA damage, cells activate a complex, kinase-based signaling network to arrest the cell cycle and allow time for DNA repair, or, if the extend of damage is beyond repair capacity, induce apoptosis. This signaling network, which is collectively referred to as the DNA damage response (DDR), is primarily thought to consist of two components—a rapid phosphorylation-driven signaling cascade that results in immediate inhibition of Cdk/cyclin complexes and a delayed transcriptional response that promotes a prolonged cell cycle arrest through the induction of Cdk inhibitors, such as p21. In recent years a third layer of complexity has emerged that involves potent posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms that control the cellular response to DNA damage. Although much has been written on the relevance of the DDR in cancer and on the post-transcriptional role of microRNAs (miRs) in cancer, the post-transcriptional regulation of the DDR by non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) still remains elusive in large parts. Here, we review the recent developments in this exciting new area of research in the cellular response to genotoxic stress. We put specific emphasis on the role of RBPs and the control of their function through DNA damage-activated protein kinases.
RFID reader network optimization for hospital management

Effective and efficient health care management is critical to today's hospital environment. The collaboration and real-time control of multiple radio frequency identification(RFID) in tracking patients and facilities in a hospital can dramatically improve hospital management. However, there are collisions occurring between readers which cause the faulty or missing reads in the network of RFID readers. Layout of the readers to reduce the total system transaction time or response time is known to be complex problem. In this research, a RFID network layout method is proposed which integrates genetic algorithms and binary particle swarm optimization. The proposed method is utilized to solve RFID network problems. Finally, a Client/Server model with 15 RFID readers is proposed and solved by GA-BPSO which minimizes the total transaction time.
Erythrocyte deformability and eryptosis during inflammation, and impaired blood rheology.

OBJECTIVE This review focusses on the erythrocytes (RBCs) and their structural changes during inflammation and impaired blood rheology. We discuss systemic inflammation and the effects of dysregulated inflammatory molecules. These pro-inflammatory molecules directly affect the haematological system, and particularly the RBCs, platelets and plasma proteins. We focus on the three main changes; increased RBC eryptosis (programmed cell death, similar to apoptosis) and pathological deformability, platelet hyperreactivity and anomalous blood clotting, due to pathological changes to fibrin(ogen) protein structure. This pro-inflammatory haematological system directly affects blood rheology. In turn, hemorheological parameters such as RBC deformability are important parameters in hypercoagulation, which is a hallmark of inflammation. For RBC deformation to happen during blood flow, the RBC membrane needs to be elastic to elongate sufficiently to squeeze through small capillaries. However, of greater importance is that the cell must return to its original biconcave shape after exiting the small diameter capillaries. CONCLUSION Hemorheological parameters such as RBC deformability are of great importance clinically, to both identify the presence and extent of inflammation, and to study these parameters during intervention therapies. RBC rheology and deformability may therefore be a useful cell model for pharmaceutical testing.
Experienced general music teachers’ instructional decision making

The purpose of this descriptive study was to explore experienced general music teachers’ decision-making processes. Participants included seven experienced, American general music teachers who contributed their views during two phases of data collection: (1) responses to three classroom scenarios; and (2) in-depth, semi-structured, follow-up interviews. Analysis using a constructivist approach revealed that participants reported making distinct decisions during the planning, instruction, and reflection stages of teaching. During planning, their focus was on developing clear goals and objectives, encouraging a life-long love of music, and fostering responsible citizenship. During instruction, they made decisions guided by specific formal and informal methodologies to build on previously taught concepts and to support classroom management. After instruction, participants’ responses highlighted the importance of being flexible, their own professional development, and student assessment. While other studies have examined general music teachers’ instructional processes in methodology-specific practices, this study offers insights from experienced general music teachers regarding their decision-making processes when responding to classroom scenarios. Implications for future research include improving in-service teachers’ self-awareness, advancing professional development for experienced teachers, and enhancing the effectiveness of music teacher education programs.
Left Ventricular Trabeculations Decrease the Wall Shear Stress and Increase the Intra-Ventricular Pressure Drop in CFD Simulations

The aim of the present study is to characterize the hemodynamics of left ventricular (LV) geometries to examine the impact of trabeculae and papillary muscles (PMs) on blood flow using high performance computing (HPC). Five pairs of detailed and smoothed LV endocardium models were reconstructed from high-resolution magnetic resonance images (MRI) of ex-vivo human hearts. The detailed model of one LV pair is characterized only by the PMs and few big trabeculae, to represent state of art level of endocardial detail. The other four detailed models obtained include instead endocardial structures measuring ≥1 mm2 in cross-sectional area. The geometrical characterizations were done using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with rigid walls and both constant and transient flow inputs on the detailed and smoothed models for comparison. These simulations do not represent a clinical or physiological scenario, but a characterization of the interaction of endocardial structures with blood flow. Steady flow simulations were employed to quantify the pressure drop between the inlet and the outlet of the LVs and the wall shear stress (WSS). Coherent structures were analyzed using the Q-criterion for both constant and transient flow inputs. Our results show that trabeculae and PMs increase the intra-ventricular pressure drop, reduce the WSS and disrupt the dominant single vortex, usually present in the smoothed-endocardium models, generating secondary small vortices. Given that obtaining high resolution anatomical detail is challenging in-vivo, we propose that the effect of trabeculations can be incorporated into smoothed ventricular geometries by adding a porous layer along the LV endocardial wall. Results show that a porous layer of a thickness of 1.2·10−2 m with a porosity of 20 kg/m2 on the smoothed-endocardium ventricle models approximates the pressure drops, vorticities and WSS observed in the detailed models.
Decentralized indoor wireless localization using compressed sensing of signal-strength fingerprints

This paper combines recent developments in sparse approximation and distributed consensus theory to efficiently perform decentralized localization in wireless networks. To this goal, we exploit the Compressed Sensing (CS) framework, which provides a new paradigm for recovering signals being sparse in some basis by means of a limited amount of random incoherent projections. In particular, we propose a novel decentralized technique that considers the spatial correlations among the received measurements at the base stations (BSs) to provide global accurate position estimation, while reducing significantly the amount of measurements exchanged among the BSs and required for accurate positioning. We exploit the common structure of the received measurements to design a gossip-based algorithm in order to alleviate the effects of radio channel-induced signal variations on the estimation accuracy. Experimental evaluation with real data demonstrates the superiority of the proposed decentralized CS-based localization technique over traditional fingerprinting methods in terms of the achieved positioning accuracy.
Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials: Normative Findings in Children

Abstract Background: To add to the limited body of literature on ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) responses in children and to assess a different montage for oVEMP recording. Purpose: To evaluate the characteristics of the oVEMP response in children and compare the results with that of a group of healthy adults. Research Design: Prospective descriptive study from a tertiary referral center. Study Sample: Twenty-two children (mean age = 6.3 yr, standard deviation = ±1.5, range = 3.5–8.9 yr) were recruited from families whose parent(s) were employed by the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC). Pediatric participants were categorized by age into three groups for data analysis. The comparison adult group of ten participants were members of the employee staff at CCHMC. Data Collection and Analysis: Audiometric assessment was completed in all participants. The latency, amplitude, and threshold of the oVEMP responses were recorded using a modified electrode montage with reference at the chin and compared between the pediatric and adult participants. Results: All participants completed testing and had bilateral measurable oVEMP responses using a 105-dB nHL, 500-Hz tone burst stimulus. Comparison between right and left ears across all participants for each oVEMP characteristic found no statistically significant difference. oVEMP testing showed no significant differences with respect to latency, amplitude, interaural amplitude asymmetry, and threshold of response as a function of age. Conclusions: oVEMP responses for ages ≥3 did not differ from responses in adults.
Multi-Bandit Best Arm Identification

We study the problem of identifying the best arm in each of the bandits in a multi-bandit multi-armed setting. We first propose an algorithm called Gap-based Exploration (GapE) that focuses on the arms whose mean is close to the mean of the best arm in the same bandit (i.e., small gap). We then introduce an algorithm, called GapE-V, which takes into account the variance of the arms in addition to their gap. We prove an upper-bound on the probability of error for both algorithms. Since GapE and GapE-V need to tune an exploration parameter that depends on the complexity of the problem, which is often unknown in advance, we also introduce variations of these algorithms that estimate this complexity online. Finally, we evaluate the performance of these algorithms and compare them to other allocation strategies on a number of synthetic problems.
Short-term effects of the DASH diet in adults with moderate chronic kidney disease: a pilot feeding study

Background Although the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet lowers blood pressure (BP) for adults with normal kidney function, evidence is lacking regarding its safety and efficacy in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to test the effects of the DASH diet on serum electrolytes and BP in adults with moderate CKD. Methods In a prospective before–after feeding study, 11 adults with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 30–59 mL/min/1.73 m2 and medication-treated hypertension were provided a reduced-sodium, run-in diet for 1 week followed by a reduced-sodium, DASH diet for 2 weeks. Changes in serum electrolytes and BP were compared pre–post DASH. Results Eleven participants underwent feeding; 1 completed 1 week and 10 completed 2 weeks of DASH. Compared with baseline, DASH modestly increased serum potassium at 1 week (mean ± standard deviation, +0.28 ± 0.4 mg/dL; P = 0.043) but had no significant effect on potassium at 2 weeks (+0.15 ± 0.28 mg/dL; P = 0.13). Serum bicarbonate was reduced (−2.5 ± 3.0 mg/dL; P = 0.03) at 2 weeks. Neither incident hyperkalemia nor new onset metabolic acidosis was observed. Clinic BP and mean 24-h ambulatory BP was unchanged. DASH significantly reduced mean nighttime BP (−5.3 ± 5.8 mmHg; P = 0.018), and enhanced percent declines in both nocturnal systolic BP (−2.1% to −5.1%; P = 0.004) and diastolic BP (−3.7% to −10.0%; P = 0.008). Conclusions These pilot data suggest that a reduced-sodium DASH dietary pattern does not cause acute metabolic events in adults with moderate CKD and may improve nocturnal BP. Definitive studies are needed to determine long-term effects of DASH in CKD.
Elimination of Redundant Synaptic Inputs in the Absence of Synaptic Strengthening

Synaptic refinement, a developmental process that consists of selective elimination and strengthening of immature synapses, is essential for the formation of precise neuronal circuits and proper brain function. At glutamatergic synapses in the brain, activity-dependent recruitment of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) is a key mechanism underlying the strengthening of immature synapses. Studies using receptor overexpression have shown that the recruitment of AMPARs is subunit specific. With the notable exception of hippocampal CA3–CA1 synapses, however, little is known about how native receptors behave or the roles of specific AMPAR subunits in synaptic refinement in vivo. Using patch-clamp recordings in acute slices, we examined developmental refinement of whisker relay (lemniscal) synapses in the thalamus in mice deficient of AMPAR subunits. Deletion of GluA3 or GluA4 caused significant reductions of synaptic AMPAR currents in thalamic neurons at P16–P17, with a greater reduction observed in GluA3-deficient mice. Deletions of both GluA3 and GluA4 abolished synaptic AMPAR responses in the majority of thalamic neurons, indicating that at thalamic relay synapses AMPARs are composed primarily of GluA3 and GluA4. Surprisingly, deletions of GluA3 or GluA4 or both had no effect on the elimination of relay inputs: the majority of thalamic neurons in these knock-out mice—as in wild-type mice—receive a single relay input. However, experience-dependent strengthening of thalamic relay synapses was impaired in GluA3 knock-out mice. Together these findings suggest that the elimination of immature glutamatergic synapses proceeds normally in the absence of synaptic strengthening, and highlight the role of GluA3-containing AMPARs in experience-dependent synaptic plasticity.
Parameterless Optimal Approximate Message Passing

Iterative thresholding algorithms are well-suited for high-dimensional problems in sparse recovery and compressive sensing. The performance of this class of algorithms depends heavily on the tuning of certain threshold parameters. In particular, both the final reconstruction error and the convergence rate of the algorithm crucially rely on how the threshold parameter is set at each step of the algorithm. In this paper, we propose a parameter-free approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm that sets the threshold parameter at each iteration in a fully automatic way without either having an information about the signal to be reconstructed or needing any tuning from the user. We show that the proposed method attains both the minimum reconstruction error and the highest convergence rate. Our method is based on applying the Stein unbiased risk estimate (SURE) along with a modified gradient descent to find the optimal threshold in each iteration. Motivated by the connections between AMP and LASSO, it could be employed to find the solution of the LASSO for the optimal regularization parameter. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work concerning parameter tuning that obtains the fastest convergence rate with theoretical guarantees.
Cortical Spatio-temporal Dynamics Underlying Phonological Target Detection in Humans

Selective processing of task-relevant stimuli is critical for goal-directed behavior. We used electrocorticography to assess the spatio-temporal dynamics of cortical activation during a simple phonological target detection task, in which subjects press a button when a prespecified target syllable sound is heard. Simultaneous surface potential recordings during this task revealed a highly ordered temporal progression of high gamma (HG, 70–200 Hz) activity across the lateral hemisphere in less than 1 sec. The sequence demonstrated concurrent regional sensory processing of speech syllables in the posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG) and speech motor cortex, and then transitioned to sequential task-dependent processing from prefrontal cortex (PFC), to the final motor response in the hand sensorimotor cortex. STG activation was modestly enhanced for target over nontarget sounds, supporting a selective gain mechanism in early sensory processing, whereas PFC was entirely selective to targets, supporting its role in guiding response behavior. These results reveal that target detection is not a single cognitive event, but rather a process of progressive target selectivity that involves large-scale rapid parallel and serial processing in sensory, cognitive, and motor structures to support goal-directed human behavior.
Dynamical analysis of LVQ type learning rules

Learning vector quantization (LVQ) constitutes a powerful and simple method for adaptive nearest prototype classification which has been introduced based on heuristics. Recently, a mathematical foundation by means of a cost function has been proposed which, as a limit case, yields a learning rule very similar to classical LVQ2.1 and also motivates a modification thereof which shows better stability. However, the exact dynamics as well as the generalization ability of the LVQ algorithms have not been investigated so far in general. Using concepts from statistical physics and the theory of on-line learning, we present a rigorous mathematical investigation of the dynamics of LVQ type classifiers in a prototypical scenario. Interestingly, one can observe significant differences of the algorithmic stability and generalization ability and quite unexpected behavior for these only slightly different variants of LVQ.
Pig Farmers’ Homes Harbor More Diverse Airborne Bacterial Communities Than Pig Stables or Suburban Homes

Airborne bacterial communities are subject to conditions ill-suited to microbial activity and growth. In spite of this, air is an important transfer medium for bacteria, with the bacteria in indoor air having potentially major consequences for the health of a building’s occupants. A major example is the decreased diversity and altered composition of indoor airborne microbial communities as a proposed explanation for the increasing prevalence of asthma and allergies worldwide. Previous research has shown that living on a farm confers protection against development of asthma and allergies, with airborne bacteria suggested as playing a role in this protective effect. However, the composition of this beneficial microbial community has still not been identified. We sampled settled airborne dust using a passive dust sampler from Danish pig stables, associated farmers’ homes, and from suburban homes (267 samples in total) and carried out quantitative PCR measurements of bacterial abundance and MiSeq sequencing of the V3–V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes found in these samples. Airborne bacteria had a greater diversity and were significantly more abundant in pig stables and farmers’ homes than suburban homes (Wilcoxon rank sum test P < 0.05). Moreover, bacterial taxa previously suggested to contribute to a protective effect had significantly higher relative and absolute abundance in pig stables and farmers’ homes than in suburban homes (ALDEx2 with P < 0.05), including Firmicutes, Peptostreptococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Ruminiclostridium, and Lactobacillus. Pig stables had significantly lower airborne bacterial diversity than farmers’ homes, and there was no discernable direct transfer of airborne bacteria from stable to home. This study identifies differences in indoor airborne bacterial communities that may be an important component of this putative protective effect, while showing that pig stables themselves do not appear to directly contribute to the airborne bacterial communities in the homes of farmers. These findings improve our understanding of the role of airborne bacteria in the increasing prevalence of asthma and allergy.
Inotuzumab ozogamicin in the treatment of relapsed/refractory acute B cell lymphoblastic leukemia

The improvement in outcomes of adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been modest, with the exception of Philadelphia chromosome-positive disease, despite advances in supportive care and stem cell transplantation. The recent approvals of novel agents, including the bispecific T-cell engager blinatumomab, the antibody-drug conjugate inotuzumab ozogamicin, and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell products are changing the management of B-ALL, which traditionally relied on chemotherapy-based approaches. Inotuzumab ozogamicin is a humanized CD22 monoclonal antibody linked to the cytotoxic agent calicheamicin. CD22 is expressed on leukemic blasts in >90% of ALL patients, and inotuzumab ozogamicin has shown excellent clinical activity even among heavily pretreated relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-ALL patients and elderly B-ALL patients. Clinical trials have shown superior survival with the drug over chemotherapy-based approaches in the first- or second-line salvage therapy for relapsed B-ALL as monotherapy. Currently, new trials are evaluating inotuzumab ozogamicin in the frontline setting in combination-based approaches. In this review, we summarize the preclinical and clinical data of inotuzumab ozogamicin in R/R B-ALL and foresee the future use of this drug in the clinic.