Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
University education for all? Barriers to full inclusion of students with disabilities in Australian universities

In Australia, anti-discrimination legislation and government policies have been introduced which aim to facilitate the inclusion of people with disabilities in employment and education. However in the area of nursing, attitudinal barriers persist that effectively hinder the full participation of people with disabilities in nurse education programs. These attitudinal barriers prevail despite such legislative and policy changes, and run counter to changing community views about disability. Normative assumptions about the ideal attributes of nurses appear to influence these attitudes, especially in the area of admission of students with disabilities to nurse education programs per se, and to their participation in the practicum component of nurse education programs. This paper reports on research conducted in Victoria, Australia, by nurse academics and equity practitioners at three Victorian universities, into the barriers facing such students. The research examined the views of undergraduate student nurses, their lecturers and their clinical educators, nurse clinicians, and university disability practitioners about the participation of people with disabilities in nurse education programs. The research also sought to document their responses to a framework, developed through the research that aims to facilitate the inclusion of students with disabilities in undergraduate nursing programs. It did this against a pluralistic and technological milieu that in the researchers' view requires a more diverse mix within the nursing profession.
Profile of HIV seroconcordant/discordant couples a clinic based study at Vadodara, India

Background: Heterosexual transmission of HIV among married couples is the commonest mode of transmission seen in India. Intramarital transmission is associated with several challenges which need to be further researched. Aim: To study level of seroconcordance and serodiscordance among HIV positive couples and factors affecting intramarital sexual transmission in terms of safe sexual practice, and the presence of Sexually transmitted infections (STI)/circumcision. Materials and Methods: Ninety-one monogamous married cohabiting HIV-positive cases (index cases) attending Department of Skin and Venereology, Medical College Baroda, from January 2009 to August 2009 were studied. Their spouses were tested for HIV. A structured proforma was used to study various factors like condom use, circumcision, and the presence of sexually transmitted infections. Results: Ninety-one monogamous married cohabiting HIV-positive cases were included in the study and considered as index cases. There were 51 males and 40 females. On testing their spouses for HIV, both the spouses were positive in 55 couples giving rise to 60% seroconcordance rate. Out of 55 seroconcordant couples, male spouses used condom in 16 cases (29%). Out of 36 serodiscordant couples 17 male spouses (47%) used condom. Evidence of STD was observed in one of the spouses in 6 out of 55 seroconcordant couples and 6 out of 36 serodiscordant couples. Thus, out of 91 couples one of the partners was having STI in 12 couples. Overall rate of circumcision was 12.2%. Conclusion: The prevention of transmission of HIV to the HIV negative partner is of paramount importance. Serodiscordant couples, specially the HIV negative female partner is at higher risk. Less acceptability of condoms among married couples may be one of the factors responsible in transmission. Further studies are needed to explore other risk factors associated with HIV transmission in discordant couples.
Overcoming the memory wall in packet processing

Overhead of memory accesses limits the performance of packet processing applications. To overcome this bottleneck, today's network processors can utilize a wide-range of mechanisms - such as multi-level memory hierarchy, wide-word accesses, special-purpose result-caches, asynchronous memory, and hardware multi-threading. However, supporting all of these mechanisms complicates programmability and hardware design, and wastes system resources. In this paper, we address the following fundamental question: what minimal set of hardware mechanisms must a network processor support to achieve the twin goals of simplified programmability and high packet throughput? We show that no single mechanism sufficies; the minimal set must include data-caches and multi-threading. Data-caches and multi-threading are complementary; whereas data- caches exploit locality to reduce the number of context-switches and the off-chip memory bandwidth requirement, multi-threading exploits parallelism to hide long cache-miss latencies.
Exocytotic Machineries of Vestibular Type I and Cochlear Ribbon Synapses Display Similar Intrinsic Otoferlin-Dependent Ca2+ Sensitivity But a Different Coupling to Ca2+ Channels

The hair cell ribbon synapses of the mammalian auditory and vestibular systems differ greatly in their anatomical organization and firing properties. Notably, vestibular Type I hair cells (VHC-I) are surrounded by a single calyx-type afferent terminal that receives input from several ribbons, whereas cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) are contacted by several individual afferent boutons, each facing a single ribbon. The specificity of the presynaptic molecular mechanisms regulating transmitter release at these different sensory ribbon synapses is not well understood. Here, we found that exocytosis during voltage activation of Ca2+ channels displayed higher Ca2+ sensitivity, 10 mV more negative half-maximum activation, and a smaller dynamic range in VHC-I than in IHCs. VHC-I had a larger number of Ca2+ channels per ribbon (158 vs 110 in IHCs), but their Ca2+ current density was twofold smaller because of a smaller open probability and unitary conductance. Using confocal and stimulated emission depletion immunofluorescence microscopy, we showed that VHC-I had fewer synaptic ribbons (7 vs 17 in IHCs) to which Cav1.3 channels are more tightly organized than in IHCs. Gradual intracellular Ca2+ uncaging experiments revealed that exocytosis had a similar intrinsic Ca2+ sensitivity in both VHC-I and IHCs (KD of 3.3 ± 0.6 μm and 4.0 ± 0.7 μm, respectively). In otoferlin-deficient mice, exocytosis was largely reduced in VHC-I and IHCs. We conclude that VHC-I and IHCs use a similar micromolar-sensitive otoferlin Ca2+ sensor and that their sensory encoding specificity is essentially determined by a different functional organization of Ca2+ channels at their synaptic ribbons.
MicroRNA-320 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion in breast cancer cells by targeting SOX4

Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRs) can contribute to cancer development and progression. In the present study, the function and underlying molecular mechanisms of miR-320 in breast cancer tumorigenesis and progression were investigated. The results of a reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that miR-320 was frequently downregulated in breast cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. In addition, knockdown of miR-320 in breast cancer cell lines promoted cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, whereas miR-320 overexpression had the opposite effect. Furthermore, a Dual-Luciferase reporter assay indicated that SRY-box 4 (SOX4) is a direct target of miR-320, and the restoration of SOX4 in miR-320-overexpressing cells attenuated the tumor-suppressive effects of miR-320. Collectively, these results indicated that miR-320 acts as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer tumorigenesis and progression.
Exhumation Processes : Normal Faulting , Ductile Flow , and Erosion

Over the past 25 years, there has been a growing appreciation of the role that tectonic processes play in exhuming metamorphic rocks. This trend began with the discovery of highly attenuated crustal sections in the Basin and Range province and the recognition that attenuation was caused by regional-scale horizontal exten­ sion, as manifested by normal faulting. This discovery caused many geoscientists to rethink the role that horizontal exten­ sion or, as it is more commonly called, tectonic extension, might play in other orogenic settings. Of particular interest is emerging evidence that tectonic extension might be responsible for exhuming meta­ morphic rocks within convergent orogens, such as onland thrust belts (e.g., Hima­ layas, European Alps, Betic Cordillera of southern Spain, Brooks Range of Alaska) and subduction-related convergent mar­ gins (e.g., Franciscan of California, Sanba­ gawa of Japan, Hellenic-Aegean conver­ gent margin of Greece, Hikurangi accretionary wedge of northeastern New Zealand). We use the term "exhumation" to refer, in a generic way, to all processes that contribute to the unroofing of deeply seated rocks and their rise to the Earth's surface. There are several exhumation pro­ cesses. Normal faulting and extensional ductile flow operate within the Earth and are a direct manifestation of tectonic deformation, whereas erosion operates at the Earth's surface but can be indirectly influenced by tectonically driven changes in topography.
The safety of risperidone: a post‐marketing study on 7684 patients

Risperidone is a relatively new antipsychotic agent licensed for the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic conditions in patients aged 15 years or older. This study examines the safety of risperidone used in general practice. Information was collected for 7684 patients included in a non‐interventional observational cohort study conducted by means of Prescription‐Event Monitoring. Incidence rates were calculated to rank the frequency of reported events. Drowsiness/sedation was the most frequent reason for stopping risperidone and the most frequently reported event. Extrapyramidal symptoms were reported rarely, but were more frequent in the elderly. 98 (1·3 per cent) patients were aged less than 15 years. Eight overdoses of risperidone alone were reported with no serious clinical sequelae. Risperidone appears to be well tolerated. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Production of active oxygen species by isolated human chondrocytes.

The ability of isolated human chondrocytes to produce active oxygen species has been investigated. The two methods for determining H2O2 and hydroxyl radicals (.OH) production were, by a fluorimetric method (production of dichlorofluorescein from a precursor in the presence of horseradish peroxidase and H2O2) and by a chromatographic method (measurement of ethylene production from gamma-methiol-keto-butyric acid after .OH attack). Chondrocytes were tested, both with and without activation by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA: 10(-6) M), in the presence of Ca2+ (1 x 10(-4) M) and Mg2+ (2 x 10(-4) M) or after variable periods of anoxia under nitrogen (4 to 12 h) followed by reoxygenation (with 95% O2, 5% CO2). Under these experimental conditions, the PMA-excited chondrocytes produced from 80 to 180 nmol of hydrogen peroxide per 1 x 10(6) cells and chondrocytes subjected to anoxia-reoxygenation produced up to 1700 nmol H2O2 per 1 x 10(6) cells. The hydroxyl radical production by PMA or anoxia-reoxygenation excited cells reached 600% of the production of non-excited cells and 1300% when they were subjected to successive stimulations by PMA and anoxia-reoxygenation. The possible pathological significance of these observations is discussed. The results indicate that stimulated human chondrocytes are capable of producing active oxygen species which could play a major role in joint inflammation and cartilage damage.
The Timing of Parent and Child Depression: A Hopelessness Theory Perspective

This study examined whether children's inferential styles moderate the association between the onset of depressive symptoms in children and their parents. To provide a powerful test of our hypotheses, we utilized a high-risk sample (parents with a history of major depressive episodes and their children) and a multiwave longitudinal design. During the initial assessment, 140 children (ages 6 to 14) completed measures assessing depressogenic inferential styles. Parents and children also completed measures assessing current level of depressive symptoms. Following the initial assessment, children and parents were contacted every 6 weeks for the next year to complete measures assessing depressive symptoms. The results of hierarchical linear modeling analyses indicated that children who exhibited depressogenic inferential styles reported greater elevations in depressive symptoms following elevations in their parent's level of depressive symptoms than did children who did not exhibit such styles. The strength of this association was greater in girls.
Overexpression of Bovine FcRn in Mice Enhances T-Dependent Immune Responses by Amplifying T Helper Cell Frequency and Germinal Center Enlargement in the Spleen

The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) plays key roles in IgG and albumin homeostasis, maternal IgG transport, and antigen presentation of IgG-opsonized antigens. Previously, we reported that transgenic (Tg) mice that overexpress the bovine FcRn (bFcRn) have augmented T-dependent humoral immune response with increased IgG protection, higher level of antigen-specific antibodies, greater number of antigen-specific B cells, and effective immune response even against weakly immunogenic epitopes. In the current study, we analyzed the localization of the bFcRn in secondary lymphoid organs, and focused to demonstrate the in vivo impact of its overexpression in the spleen on the course of antibody production. bFcRn was highly expressed by red pulp macrophages and marginal zone macrophages in the spleen and by subcapsular sinus macrophages and macrophage-like cells in the interfollicular areas in the lymph node cortex. We also demonstrated that splenic dendritic cells of Tg mice express bFcRn and intraperitoneal immunization of these mice with T-dependent antigens led to more than threefold increase in the number of antigen-specific activated T helper cells with increased size and numbers of germinal centers compared to wild-type controls. bFcRn expression in splenic B cells was also detected and that may also contribute to the enhanced B cell activation. Finally, we demonstrated that these Tg mice developed efficient immune response against very low dose of antigen, reflecting another important practical benefit of these Tg mice.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Some Mechanical Properties of Laminated Window Profiles Manufactured Using Two Types of Adhesives

The mechanical properties of laminated window profiles manufactured using two types of adhesives were determined. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of heat treatment on some mechanical properties of laminated window profiles that manufactured from Kosipo (Entandrophragma candollei Harms.) using differenet type adhesives. Commercially produced polyurethane based Macroplast UR 7221 and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive were used for experiments. The overall test results were found to be comparable to those obtained in the previous studies. Both types of adhesives resulted in significant differences in their strength characteristics at 95% confidence level. Adhesive UR 7221 improved the overall properties of the samples in contrast to PVAc.
Co-Production Under the Financial Crisis and Austerity

The involvement of users in the co-production of public services is of increasing importance as fiscal and financial crises put pressure on public spending in many countries around the world. The role of co-production in public policy is also important as it creates opportunities for users’ empowerment through their greater involvement in the key aspects of services on which they rely. However, there are practical and conceptual limitations to co-production. Citizens normally lack the training and experience to perform specialized services, and the substitution of paid personnel with voluntary efforts means that some of the costs are transferred to co-producers themselves . Co-production and users taking over public services under the financial crisis and austerity, might usher in a new era of democratizing public services or instigate a race to the bottom. This short article highlights the need for broadening and deepening our knowledge of the various forms of co-production, in order to understand the conditions for potentially transformative effects of co-production on the participants and policy environment. In conclusion, I argue that examining the new emerging forms of co-production, including those that promote different social goals and alternative ways of organizing, might provide an answer to questions about the future of public services.
Exponential speed of mixing for skew-products with singularities

Let f : [0, 1]\{1/2} × [0, 1] → [0, 1] × [0, 1] be the C∞ endomorphism given by . We prove that f is topologically mixing and if c > 1/4 then f is mixing with respect to the Lebesgue measure. Furthermore the speed of mixing is exponential. This skew-product can be seen as a toy model related to Lorenz-like attractors.
Urbanism and Crime: A Cross-National/ Cross-Cultural Study

Louis Wirth hypothesized that population size, density, and social heterogeneity are the principal attributes defining a city and that these attributes are conducive to a specific behavioral pattern and moral attitude. An increase in the intensity of the attributes is postulated to lead to the accentuation of behaviors associated with urbanism. Crime is one of the behaviors associated with urbanism. This article explores the relationship between crime and urbanism attributes, using data from three countries and simple correlation and regression analysis. The research indicates that there are similarities as well as differences in trends in the three countries. The study did not accept the generalization of Wirth's hypothesis across the countries studied for criminal behavior. The study con cludes on the need to carry out more cross-cultural studies to identify the relationship between the defining characteristics of urban areas and urban crime patterns.
Stereochemically Consistent Reaction Mapping and Identification of Multiple Reaction Mechanisms through Integer Linear Optimization

Reaction mappings are of fundamental importance to researchers studying the mechanisms of chemical reactions and analyzing biochemical pathways. We have developed an automated method based on integer linear optimization, ILP, to identify optimal reaction mappings that minimize the number of bond changes. An alternate objective function is also proposed that minimizes the number of bond order changes. In contrast to previous approaches, our method produces mappings that respect stereochemistry. We also show how to locate multiple reaction mappings efficiently and determine which of those mappings correspond to distinct reaction mechanisms by automatically detecting molecular symmetries. We demonstrate our techniques through a number of computational studies on the GRI-Mech, KEGG LIGAND, and BioPath databases. The computational studies indicate that 99% of the 8078 reactions tested can be addressed within 1 CPU hour. The proposed framework has been incorporated into the Web tool DREAM ( http://selene.princeton.edu/dream/ ), which is freely available to the scientific community.
Costly Buyer Search in a Differentiated Products Model: An Experimental Study

This study examines whether the content of buyer information and the timing of its dissemination affects seller market power. We construct laboratory markets with differentiated goods and costly buyer search in which sellers simultaneously post prices. The experiment varies the information on price or product characteristics that buyers learn under different timing assumptions (pre- and postsearch), generating four information treatments. Theory predicts that price information lowers the equilibrium price, but information about product characteristics increases the equilibrium price. That is, contrary to intuition, the presence of informed buyers may impart a negative externality on other uninformed buyers. Data support the model’s negative externality result when sellers face a large number of robot buyers that are programmed to search optimally. Observed prices conform to the model’s comparative statics and are broadly consistent with predicted levels. With human buyers, however, excessive search instigates increased price competition, and sellers post prices that are significantly lower than predicted.
Structure characterization and immunomodulating effects of 1 polysaccharides isolated from Dendrobium officinale 2 3

27 A crude polysaccharide fraction (cDOP) has been determined to be the characteristic 28 marker of Dendrobium officinale, an expensive tea material in Asia, but its chemistry and 29 bioactivity have not been studied. In work reported here, cDOP was de-starched (DOP, 90% 30 yield), and separated into two polysaccharides, DOP-1 and DOP-2, which were characterized 31 by monosaccharide composition and methylation analyses, and spectral analyses (FT-IR and 32 H and C NMR). Both are composed of mannose and glucose, at similar ratios; and have a 33 similar structure with a backbone of 1,4-linked β-D-mannopyranosyl and β-D-glucopyranosyl 34 residues. Significant differences were observed only in their molecular weights. Bioassay 35 using mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 indicated that DOP and its two sub-fractions 36 enhance cell proliferation, TNF-α secretion, and phagocytosis in a dose-dependent manner. 37 They also induced the proliferation of lymphocytes alone and with mitogens. DOP-1 and 38 DOP-2 are thus proven to be major, active polysaccharide markers of D. officinale. 39
Association Between Riding With an Impaired Driver and Driving While Impaired

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between driving while alcohol/drug impaired (DWI) and the timing and amount of exposure to others’ alcohol/drug-impaired driving (riding while impaired [RWI]) and driving licensure timing among teenage drivers. METHODS: The data were from waves 1, 2, and 3 (W1, W2, and W3, respectively) of the NEXT Generation Study, with longitudinal assessment of a nationally representative sample of 10th graders starting in 2009–2010. Multivariate logistic regression was used for the analyses. RESULTS: Teenagers exposed to RWI at W1 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 21.12, P < .001), W2 (AOR = 19.97, P < .001), and W3 (AOR = 30.52, P < .001) were substantially more likely to DWI compared with those reporting never RWI. Those who reported RWI at 1 wave (AOR = 10.89, P < .001), 2 waves (AOR = 34.34, P < .001), and all 3 waves (AOR = 127.43, P < .001) were more likely to DWI compared with those who never RWI. Teenagers who reported driving licensure at W1 were more likely to DWI compared with those who were licensed at W3 (AOR = 1.83, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The experience of riding in a vehicle with an impaired driver increased the likelihood of future DWI among teenagers after licensure. There was a strong, positive dose-response association between RWI and DWI. Early licensure was an independent risk factor for DWI. The findings suggest that RWI and early licensure could be important prevention targets.