Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fostering resiliency in kids: Protective factors in the family, school, and community.

The field of prevention, both research and practice, came a long way in the1980s: from short-term, even one-shot, individual-focused interventions in the school classroom to a growing awareness and beginning implementation of long-term, comprehensive, environmental-focused interventions expanding beyond the school to include the community. Furthermore, in the mid-1980s we finally started to hear preventionists talking about prevention strategies and programs based on research identifying the underlying risk factors for problems such as alcohol and other drug abuse, teen pregnancy, delinquency and gangs, and dropping out (Hawkins, Lishner, and Catalano, 1985). While certainly a giant step in the right direction, the identification of risks does not necessarily provide us with a clear sense of just what strategies we need to implement to reduce the risks. More recently, we are hearing preventionists talk about “protective factors,” about building “resiliency” in youth, about basing our strategies on what research hast old us about the environmental factors that facilitate the development of youth who do not get involved in life-compromising problems (Benard, March 1987). What clearly becomes the challenge for the l990s is the implementation of prevention strategies that strengthen protective factors in our families, schools, an communities. As Gibbs and Bennett (1990) conceptualize the process, we must”turn the situation around by translating negative risk factors into positive action strategies” which are, in essence, protective factors. After a brief overview of the protective factor research phenomenon, this paper will discuss the major protective factors that research has identified as contributing to the development of resiliency in youth and the implications of this for building effective prevention programs.
Formaldehyde and other carbonyls in Los Angeles ambient air.

From selective sampling and liquid chromatography analysis, ambient levels of carbonyl compounds as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones have been measured in the Los Angeles area during severe photochemical pollution episodes. Gas-phase concentrations and diurnal profiles are presented for six carbonyls: formaldehyde (up to 48 ppb), acetaldehyde (less than or equal to 35 ppb), propanal (less than or equal to 14 ppb), butanal (less than or equal to 7 ppb), 2-butanone (less than or equal to 14 ppb), and benzaldehyde (less than or equal to 1 ppb). Also presented are particulate-phase concentrations and particle/gas distribution ratios for five carbonyls. Ambient carbonyl levels are discussed with respect to anthropogenic emissions and to photochemical production and removal in polluted air. Advantages and current limitations of the method employed are briefly discussed.
CD24 and Siglec-10 Selectively Repress Tissue Damage–Induced Immune Responses

Patten recognition receptors, which recognize pathogens or components of injured cells (danger), trigger activation of the innate immune system. Whether and how the host distinguishes between danger- versus pathogen-associated molecular patterns remains unresolved. We report that CD24-deficient mice exhibit increased susceptibility to danger- but not pathogen-associated molecular patterns. CD24 associates with high mobility group box 1, heat shock protein 70, and heat shock protein 90; negatively regulates their stimulatory activity; and inhibits nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation. This occurs at least in part through CD24 association with Siglec-10 in humans or Siglec-G in mice. Our results reveal that the CD24–Siglec G pathway protects the host against a lethal response to pathological cell death and discriminates danger- versus pathogen-associated molecular patterns.
Biotechnology of flavonoids and other phenylpropanoid‐derived natural products. Part II: Reconstruction of multienzyme pathways in plants and microbes

Plant natural products derived from phenylalanine and the phenylpropanoid pathways are impressive in their chemical diversity and are the result of plant evolution, which has selected for the acquisition of large repertoires of pigments, structural and defensive compounds, all derived from a phenylpropanoid backbone via the plant‐specific phenylpropanoid pathway. These compounds are important in plant growth, development and responses to environmental stresses and thus can have large impacts on agricultural productivity. While plant‐based medicines containing phenylpropanoid‐derived active components have long been used by humans, the benefits of specific flavonoids and other phenylpropanoid‐derived compounds to human health and their potential for long‐term health benefits have only been recognized more recently. In this part of the review, we discuss in detail the recent strategies and achievements used in the reconstruction of multienzyme pathways in plants and microbes in an effort to be able to attain higher amounts of the desired flavonoids and stilbenoids exploiting their beneficial properties as analyzed extensively in Part I of this review.
Default mode network connectivity: effects of age, sex, and analytic approach

The ‘default mode network’ is a set of brain regions showing correlated, low-frequency activity during rest. It includes the posterior cingulate/precuneus, medial prefrontal cortex, and bilateral inferior parietal cortex. Earlier studies have characterized this network using either region of interest-based correlation analyses or data-driven techniques; however, there is some disagreement over which method is superior. We conducted both types of analysis on a large (N=40) data set and also investigated age and sex differences in the network. Both region of interest-based analyses and independent component analysis identified the default mode network. Age and sex differences were small and there was less agreement between analytic techniques regarding age and sex effects than regarding default mode network structure.
Low-temperature fabrication of solution-processed hafnium oxide gate insulator films using a thermally purified solution process

We proposed a simple method, a thermally purified solution (TPS) process, to lower the fabrication temperature of solution-processed hafnium oxide (HfOx) gate insulator films. The TPS process is proceeded by transferring thermal energy to the HfOx precursor solution ‘BEFORE’ film formation. The TPS process could induce chemical reactions including pre-hydrolysis by thermal energy in the HfOx precursor solution. These chemical reactions reduce the required thermal energy for forming a solution-processed HfOx film and improve the film quality. As a result, the HfOx film fabricated via the TPS process has satisfactory dielectric characteristics: a breakdown electric field of ∼6 MV cm−1, a leakage current density of ∼10−9 A cm−2, and a dielectric constant of 10.23 at low temperatures, i.e., below 200 °C. Solution-processed indium oxide (In2O3) thin film transistors with a HfOx gate insulator fabricated via the TPS process exhibit a field effect mobility of 3.67 cm2 V−1 s−1, an on/off current ratio of 9.8 × 106, and a subthreshold swing of 0.18 V dec−1.
Recalibration of the Unit Strength Method for Determining the Compressive Strength of Grouted Concrete Masonry

Using research that is now several decades old, the current Canadian masonry design standard, CSA S304.1-04, prescribes values for masonry design compressive strength based on the compressive strength of the concrete masonry unit and the type of mortar used in construction. The quality of unit production, masonry construction methods, and the theoretical understanding of masonry behaviour have improved significantly since these values were developed. As a consequence, current CSA S304.1-04 correlations between unit and masonry compressive strength values no longer reflect modern masonry construction and have been shown to be too conservative. In this investigation, 140 concrete masonry prisms were constructed for compression testing to recalibrate the tabulated unit strength values. An update to CSA S304.1-04 is proposed which includes strength increases of 33-40% for prisms with type N mortar, 10-30% strength increases for prisms with type S mortar and low unit strength, and 0-12% decreases with high unit strength.
Online Incremental Feature Learning with Denoising Autoencoders

While determining model complexity is an important problem in machine learning, many feature learning algorithms rely on cross-validation to choose an optimal number of features, which is usually challenging for online learning from a massive stream of data. In this paper, we propose an incremental feature learning algorithm to determine the optimal model complexity for large-scale, online datasets based on the denoising autoencoder. This algorithm is composed of two processes: adding features and merging features. Specifically, it adds new features to minimize the objective function’s residual and merges similar features to obtain a compact feature representation and prevent over-fitting. Our experiments show that the proposed model quickly converges to the optimal number of features in a large-scale online setting. In classification tasks, our model outperforms the (non-incremental) denoising autoencoder, and deep networks constructed from our algorithm perform favorably compared to deep belief networks and stacked denoising autoencoders. Further, the algorithm is eective in recognizing new patterns when the data distribution changes over time in the massive online data stream.
Electronic Structure and Vibrational Behavior of Polyethylene: Role of Chemical, Morphological and Interfacial Complexity

The electronic structure and vibrational behavior of a polymeric insulator encode essential signatures of its short-term electrical performance and long-term reliability. A critical long-standing challenge though is that key features of these two properties of a polymeric insulator (and its evolution) under realistic conditions have not been entirely accessible, either via experimental or computational approaches, due to the inherent complexities involved. In this comprehensive study, the role of chemical and morphological imperfections that inevitably exist within the technologically important prototypical and pervasive insulator, polyethylene (PE), and at electrode/PE interfaces, has been investigated. Large-scale density functional theory computations and long-time molecular dynamics simulations were employed to accurately recover, explain and unravel a wide variety of experimental data obtained during the electrical degradation of PE. This scheme has allowed us to directly and realistically address the relationships between physico-chemical structures and the relevant properties (i.e., the electronic structure and vibrational behavior) of PE. These efforts take us a step closer to understanding and potentially controlling dielectric degradation and breakdown. Electronic Structure and Vibrational Behavior of Polyethylene: Role of Chemical, Morphological and Interfacial Complexity
Dynamic Bayesian Network for Probabilistic Modeling of Tunnel Excavation Processes

Abstract: A dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) model for probabilistic assessment of tunnel construction performance is introduced. It facilitates the quantification of uncertainties in the construction process and of the risk from extraordinary events that cause severe delays and damages. Stochastic dependencies resulting from the influence of human factors and other external factors are addressed in the model. An efficient algorithm for evaluating the DBN model is presented, which is a modification of the so‐called Frontier algorithm. The proposed model and algorithm are applied to an illustrative case study, the excavation of a road tunnel by means of the New Austrian Tunneling Method.
Nitric oxide prevents 6‐hydroxydopamine‐induced apoptosis in PC12 cells through cGMP‐dependent PI3 kinase/Akt activation

Nitric oxide (NO) functions not only as an important signaling molecule in the brain by producing cGMP, but also regulates neuronal cell apoptosis. The mechanism by which NO regulates apoptosis is unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that NO, produced either from the NO donor S‐nitroso‐N‐acetyl‐D,L‐penicillamine (SNAP) or by transfection of neuronal NO synthase, suppressed 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA)‐induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by inhibiting mitochondrial cytochrome c release, caspase‐3 and ‐9 activation, and DNA fragmentation. This protection was significantly reversed by the soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor 1H‐(1,2,4)‐oxadiazole[4,3‐a]quinoxalon‐1‐one, indicating that cGMP is a key mediator in NO‐mediated anti‐apoptosis. Moreover, the membrane‐permeable cGMP analog 8‐Br‐cGMP inhibited 6‐OHDA‐induced apoptosis. These anti‐apoptotic effects of SNAP and 8‐Br‐cGMP were suppressed by cGMP‐dependent protein kinase G (PKG) inhibitor KT5823, indicating that PKG is a downstream signal mediator in the suppression of apoptosis by NO and cGMP. Both SNAP and 8‐Br‐cGMP induced endogenous Akt activation and Bad phosphorylation, resulting in the inhibition of Bad translocation to mitochondria;these effects were inhibited by KT5823 and the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitors LY294002 and Wortmannin. Our data suggest that the NO/cGMP pathway suppresses 6‐OHDA‐induced PC12 cell apoptosis by suppressing the mitochon‐drial apoptosis signal via PKG/PI3K/Akt‐dependent Bad phosphorylation. —Ha, K. ‐S. , Kim, K. M. , Kwon, Y. ‐G. , Bai, S. ‐K. , Nam, W. ‐D. , Yoo, Y. ‐M. , Kim, P. K. M. , Chung, H. ‐T. , Billiar, T. R. , Kim, Y. ‐M. Nitric oxide prevents 6‐hydroxydopamine‐induced apoptosis in PC12 cells through cGMP‐dependent PI3 kinase/Akt activation. FASEB J. 17, 1036–1047 (2003)
Pengaruh Campuran Abu Sekam Padi terhadap Kuat Tekan Paving Block

Rice husk is an abundant by-product of rice milling results, and so far only used as a fuel for combustion red stones, burning for cooking or thrown away. Rice husk ash (RHA) is a waste material of rice that has special properties. This material also contains chemical compounds that can be pozzolan, which contains silica (SiO2), a compound which, when mixed with cement and water can be used to enhance the compressive strength and tensile strength of concrete while silica is a chemical compound that is dominant in the rice husk ash. This study aimed to compare the results of the average compressive strength of the normal paving block with the added ingredient of rice husk ash, assess the effect of the addition of rice husk ash to the compressive strength and prices comparison between the paving block and normal paving block with the added ingredient of rice husk ash. In this study, rice husk ash serves as a replacement for cement additives with a variation of 0%, 30%, 35% and 40% by weight of cement in comparison 1pc: 10ps, 1pc: 13ps and 1pc: 15ps. The results showed that the paving blocks with a mixture of rice husk ash in comparison 1pc: 10ps produce optimum compressive strength with a mixture of rice husk ash 16.6% in the amount of 32.709 MPa. Furthermore in comparison 1pc: 13ps, paving block compressive strength values obtained with the optimal mix of rice husk ash rice 13.0% amounting to 23.709 MPa. Finally, in comparison 1pc: 15ps, paving block compressive strength values obtained with the optimal mix of rice husk ash 15.0% amounting to 17.260 MPa.
Effect and Cost of Treatment for Acute Pancreatitis With or Without Gabexate Mesylate: A Propensity Score Analysis Using a Nationwide Administrative Database

Objectives Despite a lack of evidence, gabexate mesylate (GM) is routinely used for the treatment of acute pancreatitis (AP) in some countries. The present study examined the effect and cost of GM for AP treatment using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database. Methods We performed a propensity score analysis to compare inhospital mortality, length of stay (LOS), and total costs between patients with AP treated with GM and those without GM in 2010. Results We identified 2483 patients treated with GM and 890 patients without GM. Overall, 77% of the patients treated with GM were nonsevere AP cases. The propensity-matched 707 pairs showed no significant difference between GM users and nonusers in inhospital mortality or median length of stay in nonsevere AP (1.0% vs 1.2%, P = 0.789; 10 vs 10 days, P = 0.160) and severe AP (8.4% vs 5.0%, P = 0.438; 12 vs 14 days, P = 0.487) cases. Total costs were significantly different between the GM users and the nonusers in nonsevere AP cases (US$4982 vs US$4373, P < 0.001), but not in severe AP cases ($6605 vs $6490, P = 0.764). Conclusions Using GM for nonsevere AP cannot be justified because of higher costs without significant effects. Gabexate mesylate use is also not justifiable for severe AP because it does not reduce mortality or length of stay.
Engineering highway hierarchies

Highway hierarchies exploit hierarchical properties inherent in real-world road networks to allow fast and exact point-to-point shortest-path queries. A fast preprocessing routine iteratively performs two steps: First, it removes edges that only appear on shortest paths close to source or target; second, it identifies low-degree nodes and bypasses them by introducing shortcut edges. The resulting hierarchy of highway networks is then used in a Dijkstra-like bidirectional query algorithm to considerably reduce the search space size without losing exactness. The crucial fact is that ‘far away’ from source and target it is sufficient to consider only high-level edges. Experiments with road networks for a continent show that using a preprocessing time of around 15 min, one can achieve a query time of around 1ms on a 2.0GHz AMD Opteron. Highway hierarchies can be combined with goal-directed search, they can be extended to answer many-to-many queries, and they can be used as a basis for other speed-up techniques (e.g., for transit-node routing and highway-node routing).
Experimental Demonstration of a 1-Bit Full Adder in Perpendicular Nanomagnetic Logic

In this paper a 1-bit full adder realized in perpendicular nanomagnetic logic (pNML) is presented for the first time. The theory of NML with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is introduced illustrating the great benefit of the universal majority decision. The working principle of complex logic circuits is experimentally demonstrated utilizing the presented full adder. Partial focused ion beam irradiation is used to control the anisotropy locally and tailor the magnetic behavior of the nanomagnets. A full adder structure consisting of 3 majority gates and 4 inverters is realized on an area of 17 um . Global, alternating field pulses with constant amplitude are used as power clock. MFM measurements demonstrate the functionality of the structure and the validity of the introduced theory. The presented work proves the working principle of non-volatile, field-coupled logic and demonstrates the feasibility of complex logic circuits in perpendicular nanomagnetic logic.
The inverse relationship between bone status and blood pressure among Polish men

Primary objective : An evaluation of relationships between bone density and blood pressure in healthy men. Research design : A cross-sectional population-based survey. Methods and procedures : An ethnically homogeneous sample of 208 men, aged 35-63, healthy and occupationally active inhabitants of the city of Wroclaw, Lower Silesia, Poland were studied. Trabecular, cortical and total bone mineral content (BMC) at the ultra-distal radius of the non-dominant hand were assessed by peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT; Stratec 960 apparatus). Body mass index (BMI) was used as a measure of general obesity. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) were measured using an MPC-350 sphygmomanometer. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the relationships between BP and BMC. A two-way analysis of covariance was carried out to test for the significance of inter-group differences in BMC with regard to age and BP with BMI as a continuous covariable. Multiple logistic regression was used to verify whether some select factors (age, BMI, systolic and diastolic BP) could significantly predict male bone status. Results : Systolic BP was not related to bone status at the ultra-distal radius. There were no differences in any BMC between systolic hyper- and normotensive subjects. Additionally, systolic hypertension did not affect the probability of an occurrence of male osteopenia (independently of age and BMI). In contrast, there were significant negative relationships between diastolic BP, and trabecular and total (but not cortical) BMC (even when controlled for age and BMI). Moreover, diastolic hypertensive men had reduced BMC at the ultra-distal radius when compared with normotensive subjects. It is noteworthy that Polish men of diastolic BP exceeding 90 mmHg had an approximately 1.50-fold increased relative risk of being osteopenic when compared with normotensive subjects (even when controlled for age, BMI and systolic BP). Conclusions : In the light of the inverse relationship between BMC and diastolic BP, Polish men with elevated diastolic BP seem to be more prone to the excessive age-related bone loss.
Clathrin light and heavy chain interface: α‐helix binding superhelix loops via critical tryptophans

Clathrin light chain subunits (LCa and LCb) contribute to regulation of coated vesicle formation to sort proteins during receptor‐mediated endocytosis and organelle biogenesis. LC binding to clathrin heavy chain (HC) was characterized by genetic and structural approaches. The core interactions were mapped to HC residues 1267–1522 (out of 1675) and LCb residues 90–157 (out of 228), using yeast two‐hybrid assays. The C‐termini of both subunits also displayed interactions extending beyond the core domains. Mutations to helix breakers within the LCb core disrupted HC association. Further suppressor mutagenesis uncovered compensatory mutations in HC (K1415E or K1326E) capable of rescuing the binding defects of LCb mutations W127R or W105R plus W138R, thereby pinpointing contacts between HC and LCb. Mutant HC K1415E also rescued loss of binding by LCa W130R, indicating that both LCs interact similarly with HC. Based on circular dichroism data, mapping and mutagenesis, LCa and LCb were represented as α‐helices, aligned along the HC and, using molecular dynamics, a structural model of their interaction was generated with novel implications for LC control of clathrin assembly.
Incidence of bleeding symptoms in 100 patients with inherited afibrinogenemia or hypofibrinogenemia

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