Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Circadian variation of blood pressure and heart rate in normotensives, white-coat, masked, treated and untreated hypertensives.

INTRODUCTION Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) forms the basis for the diagnosis of masked hypertension, a condition associated with increased target organ damage, and of white-coat hypertension, a common condition among subjects referred to hypertensive centers. The aim of this study was to compare the circadian blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) profiles in 1676 Greek subjects in order to identify the circadian patterns in these two categories of patient. METHODS A total of 1676 subjects underwent 24-hour ABPM. The study population was divided into 5 subgroups in terms of the clinic and ambulatory BP levels: normotensives (224 subjects), white-coat hypertensives (353 subjects), masked hypertensives (42 subjects), treated (653 subjects) and untreated (404 subjects) hypertensives. RESULTS The patterns of circadian BP and HR profiles were identical in the 5 groups. A clear nocturnal fall (23:00-04:00), an afternoon nadir (16:00), two daytime peaks (one between 09:00 and 14:00 and the other in the evening at 20:00), and a morning surge in systolic BP, diastolic BP, and HR were observed. CONCLUSIONS The circadian profiles of BP and HR in white-coat and masked hypertension show the same pattern as in normotensive and hypertensive patients (treated and untreated). These findings indicate that factors other than disturbances in BP and HR circadian pattern are likely to be responsible for the pathogenesis of white-coat and masked hypertension. A direct influence of autonomic nervous system activity on the circadian pattern of BP and HR could explain the persistence of a basic circadian profile in normotension, white-coat, masked, and sustained hypertension, independently of 24-hour BP and HR levels.
The effect of auditor interaction on decision making in the going‐concern task

Purpose – To investigate the effects of auditor interaction on problem representation, information acquisition, and performance in the going‐concern task.Design/methodology/approach – Participants were asked to evaluate the going‐concern status of a company. The study used a pretest‐posttest control group (CG) experimental design. Half of participating accountants were randomly assigned to the CG and the other half to the experimental group (EG). In stage one, participants in both CG and EG performed the entire task individually. In stage two, participants in EG performed the experimental task as an interacting dyad while participants in CG performed the experimental task again individually.Findings – The results showed that interacting auditors' “shared problem representation” focus more on relationship between information and less focus on the simple facts or abstraction. Interacting auditors acquired fewer total number of cues, spent more time, visited financial cues fewer times, and acquired fewer liq.
Shameful secrets and shame-prone dispositions: How outcome expectations mediate the relation between shame and disclosure

Shame may be a deterrent to disclosing secrets to a counselor, and shame-proneness may be associated with generalized tendencies to avoid disclosure of distress. If so, the mechanism explaining these relations might be the expected outcomes about disclosure. College students in the United States (N = 312) thought of a shameful secret of theirs, and they rated the degree of shame they felt about the secret, their willingness to disclose the secret to a potential counselor, and their expected support from a potential counselor (i.e. outcome expectation). Participants also completed dispositional measures of shame-proneness, generalized outcome expectations about disclosure, and disclosure tendencies. Mediation analyses revealed that participants’ experiences of shame regarding their secrets predicted lower anticipated support from the counselor which predicted lower willingness to disclose the secret. This effect largely replicated at the dispositional level, such that anticipated risks of disclosure mediated the relationship between shame-proneness and disclosure tendencies. These findings suggest that counselor efforts to promote healthy client disclosure could target the client’s outcome expectations about disclosure rather than the client’s degree of shame.
The foraging tightrope between predation risk and plant toxins: a matter of concentration

Summary 1. Plants defend and predators attack, provoking the foraging dilemma faced by herbivores and frugivores of how to eat enough without being eaten. High toxin concentration in leaves and fruits inhibits consumption, while predation risk reduces feeding opportunities, as prey forage to avoid encountering predators. Thus, both factors vary and define the quality of the landscape. How foraging animals directly quantify, compare and respond to these two costs has rarely been tested. 2. We show that free-ranging bushbabies – small, frugivorous primates – change their behaviour and use of artificial food patches based on the interplay between toxin concentration in food and patch safety. Using a titration experiment, we demonstrate that bushbabies quantify the relative costs of toxin and fear. We pinpoint where these costs are equivalent and show that animals seek food patches with the lower net cost. 3. We conclude that the ecological effectiveness of plant toxins as defence against consumers needs to be considered in the context of a landscape of fear – and the relative impact of antipredator tactics and plant defence is strongly shaped by the concentration of these defences. 4. A corollary is that plants may benefit from fear as a substitute for their own chemical defence, adding a new dimension to the concept of indirect plant defence. Whether, from the plant’s perspective, the benefits derived from fear can be considered evolutionarily adaptive rather than simply ecologically serendipitous remains to be tested.
The Benefits of Biculturalism: Exposure to Immigrant Culture and Dropping out of School among Asian and Latino Youths

Objective. This study examines how retaining an immigrant culture affects school dropout rates among Vietnamese, Koreans, Chinese, Filipinos, Japanese, Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and Cubans. Methods. I use 1990 Census data to analyze how language use, household language, and presence of immigrants in the household affect dropping out of school. Results. Overall, I found that these measures have similar effects on these diverse groups: bilingual students are less likely to drop out than English‐only speakers, students in bilingual households are less likely to drop out than those in English‐dominant or English‐limited households, and students in immigrant households are less likely to drop out than those in nonimmigrant households. Conclusions. These findings suggest that those who enjoy the greatest educational success are not those who have abandoned their ethnic cultures and are most acculturated. Rather, bicultural youths who can draw resources from both the immigrant community and mainstream society are best situated to enjoy educational success.
Do Films Make You Learn? Inference Processes in Expository Film Comprehension

The present article examines how suitable expository films are for learning. This question was motivated by the assumption that films are processed in a superficial manner. However, previous research has been dominated by the analyses of outcome measures and has never taken a look at online measures so that no clear conclusions have been drawn. Experiment 1 analyzed online local causal bridging inferences that are crucial for the understanding of complex scientific matters. Using a naming paradigm, it could be demonstrated that local causal bridging inferences are generated during film reception. This holds true for film viewers and audiotape listeners. Experiment 2 analyzed whether participants were able to integrate the inferred information into a coherent mental model. We found that for at least one item set, both film viewers and audiotape listeners integrated implicit information into a mental model. To further clarify the role of the pictorial information in films for the comprehension process, Experiment 3 analyzed the extent to which pictorial information can compensate for coherence breaks due to missing verbal information in the auditory channel. We found that, on a local level, pictorial information can compensate for missing verbal information, but not on a global level.
Sensitivity to propofol in the elderly

Two studies were carried out on 609 fit, unpremedicated patients to assess the influence of patient age on the response to the rapidly‐acting hindered phenol, propofol, which is being evaluated for induction of anaesthesia. In the first study, 1.25 mg/kg was injected over 20 seconds followed by 10‐mg increments every 15 seconds until loss of verbal contact. This showed a great individual variation in response to the drug. A reduction in the ‘induction’ dose was found in elderly patients, which became marked around 60 years. In the second (340), doses ranging from 1.5–3.0 mg/kg in patients under 60 years and 1.25–2.25 mg/kg in those over 60 years were injected as a bolus over 20 seconds. Doses of 2.25–2.5 mg/kg were required to induce anaesthesia in patients under 60 years, whilst 1.5–1.75 mg/kg was adequate in those over 60 years. Side effects were more marked with the rapid injection and doses in excess of 1.75 mg/kg caused significant hypotension and apnoea in the elderly. These studies reveal marked sensitivity to propofol in the elderly with respect to both induction dose and acute toxicity.
Shifting Baselines and The Extinction of The Caribbean Monk Seal

The recent extnction of the Caribbean monk seal Monachus tropicalis has been considered an example of a human‐caused extinction in the marine environment, and this species was considered a driver of the changes that have occurred in the structure of Caribbean coral reef ecosystems since colonial times. I searched archaeological records, historical data, and geographic names (used as a proxy of the presence of seals) and evaluated the use and quality of these data to conclude that since prehistoric times the Caribbean monk seal was always rare and vulnerable to human predation. This finding supports the hypothesis that in AD 1500, the Caribbean monk seal persisted as a small fragmented population in which individuals were confined to small keys, banks, or isolated islands in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. This hypothesis is contrary to the assumption that the species was widespread and abundant historically. The theory that the main driver of monk seal extinction was harvesting for its oil for use in the sugar cane industry of Jamaica during the 18th century is based primarily on anecdotal information and is overemphasized in the literature. An analysis of reported human encounters with this species indicates monk seal harvest was an occasional activity, rather than an ongoing enterprise. Nevertheless, given the rarity of this species and its restricted distribution, even small levels of hunting or specimen collecting must have contributed to its extinction, which was confirmed in the mid‐20th century. Some sources had been overlooked or only partially reviewed, others misinterpreted, and a considerable amount of anecdotal information had been uncritically used. Critical examination of archaeological and historical records is required to infer accurate estimations of the historical abundance of a species. In reconstructing the past to address the shifting baseline syndrome, it is important to avoid selecting evidence to confirm modern prejudices.
Using Flat-Panel Perfusion Imaging to Measure Cerebral Hemodynamics

Abstract Flat-detector CT perfusion (FD-CTP) imaging has demonstrated efficacy in qualitatively accessing the penumbra in acute stroke equivalent to that of magnetic resonance perfusion (MRP). The aim of our study was to evaluate the feasibility of quantifying oligemia in the brain in patients with carotid stenosis. Ten patients with unilateral carotid stenosis of >70% were included. All MRPs and FD-CTPs were performed before stenting. Region-of-interests (ROIs) including middle cerebral artery territory at basal ganglia level on both stenotic and contralateral sides were used for quantitative analysis. Relative time to peak (rTTP) was defined as TTP of the stenotic side divided by TTP of the contralateral side, and so as relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), relative mean transit time (rMTT), and relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Absolute and relative TTP, CBV, MTT, CBF between two modalities were compared. For absolute quantitative analysis, the correlation of TTP was highest (r = 0.56), followed by CBV (r = 0.47), MTT (r = 0.47), and CBF (r = 0.43); for relative quantitative analysis, rCBF was the highest (r = 0.79), followed by rTTP (r = 0.75) and rCBV (r = 0.50). We confirmed that relative quantitative assessment of FD-CTP is feasible in chronic ischemic disease. Absolute quantitative measurements between MRP and FD-CTP only expressed moderate correlations. Optimization of acquisitions and algorithms is warranted to achieve better quantification.
Making meaningful space for oneself: photo-based dialogue with siblings of refugee children with severe withdrawal symptoms

The current study explores the use of children's photographs to establish a dialogue about everyday life with healthy siblings of refugee children with severe withdrawal symptoms (SWS). Asylum-seeking refugee children in Sweden with SWS have been officially observed since 2000, yet research has overlooked their healthy siblings. We studied three healthy siblings and found photography to be an applicable communicative tool. When parents focus their attention on the ill child, the healthy children create space for themselves and indicate both resilience and vulnerability. We suggest that, together with a dialogue, children's own photographs are useful for research with refugee children in vulnerable situations.
Dynamics of psychological contracts with work engagement and turnover intention: The influence of organizational tenure

This study investigated the interrelations of the psychological contract with work engagement and turnover intention, which has hitherto been a largely overlooked topic in psychological contract research. Although previous research has mainly focused on how psychological contracts influence job attitudes and behaviours, it is proposed here that attitudes and behaviours also affect the psychological contract that the employee has with the organization. Moreover, it is proposed that because reciprocity norms are more important among shortly tenured employees, mutual relationships between psychological contracts and work engagement and turnover intention were stronger for employees with lower organizational tenure. Longitudinal data were collected among 240 employees and proposed models were evaluated with structural equation modelling. The results show that indeed psychological contract fulfilment was longitudinally related to higher work engagement and lower turnover intentions, but only for employees with low tenure. Moreover, stability in work engagement, turnover intention, and psychological contract over time was higher for those with high tenure, whereas the relations between turnover intention and the psychological contract were stronger for those with low organizational tenure. These findings demonstrate that psychological contracts are reciprocally interrelated with work outcomes, and that such relations are stronger for those with low tenure.
A Jigsaw Approach to Group Work.

Using group work as a way of meeting children's individual learning needs is becoming more widespread in a variety of schools. Richard Rose, head of Wren Spinney School, Kettering, Northamptonshire LEA, and a member of the National Curriculum Development Team (SLD) at Cambridge Institute of Education, describes a strategy for promoting group work in schools for pupils with severe learning difficulties.
On the etiology of the rebuff phenomenon: Why are persuasive messages less polite after rebuffs?

The rebuff phenomenon is a robust empirical regularity that emerges from many compliance gaining studies, using widely varying methodologies. The effect is this: when a persuader is confronted with a rebuff, his/her next message will tend to be be ruder and more aggressive than the initial appeal. This could be due to repertoire exhaustion, or to a change in the persuader's standards for acceptable messages. The second possibility is hypothesized here, and results support that explanation. Lewin's field theory accounts for this outcome. Connecting the rebuff phenomenon to appraisal theory also would advance our understanding of sequential compliance gaining.
Intensive care unit staffing and quality of care: challenges in times of an intensivist shortage

the responsibilities of critical care specialists (“intensivists”) now extend outside of the ICU, as they act as members of medical emergency teams and staff at long-term acute care hospitals. Thus, the gap between the demand for critical care and the supply of intensivists available to provide it continues to widen. It is difficult to know exactly how many are needed to meet the increasing critical care needs;
White Matter Lesions in Femoral Head Osteonecrosis patients: Manifestation of vascular disease or not?

BACKGROUND Osteonecrosis has been associated with the presence of white matter lesions. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between macro- and micro- vascular disease and white matter lesions. METHODS Sixty-four patients with femoral head osteonecrosis were assessed during a cross sectional study in our university-based hospital. A vascular 'profile' was obtained for each patient and included measurement of plasma lipids, fundoscopic examination and common carotid artery triplex ultrasonography. All patients had brain MRI to assess for presence of white matter lesions. The two groups formed, with and without white matter lesions, were compared in order to define the association between white matter lesions and vascular disease. RESULTS Patients without white matter lesions had more frequently corticosteroid induced osteonecrosis. There was no difference in the two groups with respect to intima media thickness and ApoB/ApoA1 ratio. Only one of our patients demonstrated retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence of concurrent macro- and micro- vascular pathology in young patients with white matter lesions and femoral head osteonecrosis. Cortisone appears to have a 'protective' effect against occurrence of white matter lesions.
Risk Factors for Tube Shunt Exposure: A Matched Case-Control Study

Purpose. To evaluate potential risk factors for developing tube shunt exposure in glaucoma patients. Patients and Methods. Forty-one cases from 41 patients that had tube shunt exposure from 1996 to 2005 were identified from the Robert Cizik Eye Clinic and Bascom Palmer Eye Institute. Each case was matched with 2 controls of the same gender and with tube shunts implanted within 6 months of the index case. Conditional logistic regression was used to determine risk factors. Results. The study cohort includes a total of 121 eyes from 121 patients. The mean age was 63.6 ± 19.7 years, ranging from 1 to 96 years. The average time to exposure was 19.29 ± 23.75 months (range 0.36–85.74 months). Risk factors associated with tube exposure were Hispanic ethnicity (P = 0.0115; OR = 3.6; 95% CI, 1.3–9.7), neovascular glaucoma (P = 0.0064; OR = 28.5; 95% CI, 2.6–316.9), previous trabeculectomy (P = 0.0070; OR = 5.3; 95% CI, 1.6–17.7), and combined surgery (P = 0.0381; OR = 3.7; 95% CI, 1.1–12.7). Conclusions. Hispanic ethnicity, neovascular glaucoma, previous trabeculectomy, and combined surgery were identified as potential risk factors for tube shunt exposure. These potential risk factors should be considered when determining the indication for performing tube shunt implantation and the frequency of long-term followup.
Changes in blood parameters of hybrid tambacu fish parasitized by Dolops carvalhoi (Crustacea, Branchiura), a fish louse

Measurement of blood parameters has been used for many years as a tool for monitoring the health of fish. The present study investigated the effects of a natural infestation of Dolops carvalhoi Lemos de Castro, 1949, on red blood cells, thrombocytes and white blood cell counts, as well as plasma glucose and serum electrolyte levels in hybrid tambacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus x Colossoma macropomum). Parasitized fish showed low haematocrit and magnesium levels and increases in MCHC, plasma glucose levels, serum protein, sodium and chloride levels, number of monocytes and PAS-positive granular leukocytes (PAS-GL), when compared with values in control fish. This study is the first to report changes in fish physiology caused by D. carvalhoi infestation, and the results obtained indicate that a mild infection can lead to important osmoregulatory disturbances in hosts.
Operational Flexibility and Financial Hedging: Complements or Substitutes

We consider a firm that invests in capacity under demand uncertainty and thus faces two related but distinct types of risk: mismatch between capacity and demand and profit variability. Whereas mismatch risk can be mitigated with greater operational flexibility, profit variability can be reduced through financial hedging. We show that the relationship between these two risk mitigating strategies depends on the type of flexibility: Product flexibility and financial hedging tend to be complements (substitutes)---i.e., product flexibility tends to increase (decrease) the value of financial hedging, and, vice versa, financial hedging tends to increase (decrease) the value of product flexibility---when product demands are positively (negatively) correlated. In contrast to product flexibility, postponement flexibility is a substitute to financial hedging as intuitively expected. Although our analytical results assume perfect flexibility and perfect hedging and rely on a linear approximation of the value of hedging, we validate their robustness in an extensive numerical study.
Adaptive Deep Pyramid Matching for Remote Sensing Scene Classification

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have attracted increasing attention in the remote sensing community. Most CNNs only take the last fully-connected layers as features for the classification of remotely sensed images, discarding the other convolutional layer features which may also be helpful for classification purposes. In this paper, we propose a new adaptive deep pyramid matching (ADPM) model that takes advantage of the features from all of the convolutional layers for remote sensing image classification. To this end, the optimal fusing weights for different convolutional layers are learned from the data itself. In remotely sensed scenes, the objects of interest exhibit different scales in distinct scenes, and even a single scene may contain objects with different sizes. To address this issue, we select the CNN with spatial pyramid pooling (SPP-net) as the basic deep network, and further construct a multi-scale ADPM model to learn complementary information from multi-scale images. Our experiments have been conducted using two widely used remote sensing image databases, and the results show that the proposed method significantly improves the performance when compared to other state-of-the-art methods.