Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cyclin D1 expression in prostate carcinoma

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cyclin D1 expression and clinicopathological parameters in patients with prostate carcinoma. We assessed cyclin D1 expression by conventional immunohistochemistry in 85 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate carcinoma and 10 normal prostate tissue samples retrieved from autopsies. We measured nuclear immunostaining in the entire tumor area and based the results on the percentage of positive tumor cells. The preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 8.68±5.16 ng/mL (mean±SD). Cyclin D1 staining was positive (cyclin D1 expression in >5% of tumor cells) in 64 cases (75.4%) and negative (cyclin D1 expression in ≤5% of tumor cells) in 21 cases (including 15 cases with no immunostaining). Normal prostate tissues were negative for cyclin D1. Among patients with a high-grade Gleason score (≥7), 86% of patients demonstrated cyclin D1 immunostaining of >5% (P<0.05). In the crude analysis of cyclin D1 expression, the high-grade Gleason score group showed a mean expression of 39.6%, compared to 26.9% in the low-grade Gleason score group (P<0.05). Perineural invasion tended to be associated with cyclin D1 expression (P=0.07), whereas cyclin D1 expression was not associated with PSA levels or other parameters. Our results suggest that high cyclin D1 expression could be a potential marker for tumor aggressiveness.
Auditory Pathway Encoding and Neural Plasticity in Children with Learning Problems

An inability to process auditory information, especially speech, characterizes many children with learning and attention problems. Our working hypothesis is that these speech-sound perception problems arise, at least in some cases, from faulty representation of the speech signal in central auditory centers. Preconscious neurophysiologic representation of sound structure by central auditory pathway neurons can be reflected by subcortical and cortical aggregate neural responses. These neurophysiologic responses can be modified by perceptual learning. Our research has shown that some children with learning problems demonstrate abnormal perception and neural representation of certain speech sounds. Differences between normal and learning-impaired groups can be attributable to aspects of neural synchrony that are reflected in aggregate neural responses. Deficiencies in neural synchrony in these children are apparent in subcortical (as well as cortical) representations of speech-sound structure, and these timing deficits are related to performance on speech-sound perception and learning measures. Moreover, impaired perception and neurophysiologic encoding of speech sounds can be improved with cue enhancement and can be modified by perceptual learning associated with auditory training.
ApoCIII-Enriched LDL in Type 2 Diabetes Displays Altered Lipid Composition, Increased Susceptibility for Sphingomyelinase, and Increased Binding to Biglycan

OBJECTIVE Apolipoprotein CIII (apoCIII) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but the molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood. We investigated potential proatherogenic properties of apoCIII-containing LDL from hypertriglyceridemic patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS LDL was isolated from control subjects, subjects with type 2 diabetes, and apoB transgenic mice. LDL-biglycan binding was analyzed with a solid-phase assay using immunoplates coated with biglycan. Lipid composition was analyzed with mass spectrometry. Hydrolysis of LDL by sphingomyelinase was analyzed after labeling plasma LDL with [3H]sphingomyelin. ApoCIII isoforms were quantified after isoelectric focusing. Human aortic endothelial cells were incubated with desialylated apoCIII or with LDL enriched with specific apoCIII isoforms. RESULTS We showed that enriching LDL with apoCIII only induced a small increase in LDL-proteoglycan binding, and this effect was dependent on a functional site A in apoB100. Our findings indicated that intrinsic characteristics of the diabetic LDL other than apoCIII are responsible for further increased proteoglycan binding of diabetic LDL with high-endogenous apoCIII, and we showed alterations in the lipid composition of diabetic LDL with high apoCIII. We also demonstrated that high apoCIII increased susceptibility of LDL to hydrolysis and aggregation by sphingomyelinases. In addition, we demonstrated that sialylation of apoCIII increased with increasing apoCIII content and that sialylation of apoCIII was essential for its proinflammatory properties. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated a number of features of apoCIII-containing LDL from hypertriglyceridemic patients with type 2 diabetes that could explain the proatherogenic role of apoCIII.
Computational aspects of low frequency electrical and electromagnetic tomography: A review study

This paper studies various mathematical methods for image recon- struction in electrical impedance and magnetic induction tomography. Linear, nonlinear and semilinear methods for the inverse problems are studied. De- pending on the application, one of these methods can be selected as the image reconstruction algorithm. Linear methods are suitable for low contrast imag- ing, and nonlinear methods are used when more accurate imaging results are required. A semilinear method can be used to preserve some properties of the nonlinear inverse solver and at the same time can have some advantages in com- putational time. Methods design speciflcally for jump in material distribution as well as dynamical imaging have been reviewed.
Immunocompetence, Hepatic Heat Shock Protein 70 and Physiological Responses to Feed Restriction and Heat Stress in Two Body Weight Lines of Japanese Quail

The effect of early heat stress either solely or plus feed restriction on the physiological response, antibody titer and hepatic 70-kda heat shock protein expression (HSP 70) of two body weight lines (high and low) Japanese quail chicks were investigated. Chicks of each line were divided into three groups; (1)control, (2) exposure to 39±1oC for six hour (h), form 5 to 21 day of age (DOA) on each of three consecutive d/week (HS) and (3) HS concurrent with 70% feed restriction (HSFR). The results showed that quail chicks of either HS or HSFR exhibited significantly higher respiration rate (RR) compared with the control. While, the rectal temperature (RT) was reduced at 21 DOA, in the HSFR group. The plasma concentrations of total protein, globulin, total lipid, cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose were decreased due to HS or HSFR episode. Likewise, the level of both calcium and phosphorus at 21 DOA. However, at 42 DOA, the HS chicks did not significantly differ from the control. The activities of plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were increased (p<0.05) in treated groups (HS and HSFR) at 21 DOA. Either HS or HSFR showed low Newcastle disease antibody titer and a decrease in relative lymphoid organ weights. Unlike the antibody titer, the H/L ratio was increased in the HS chicks. After heat exposure, HSP 70 density of the high body weight line was immediate and pronounced. The combination of heat stress and feed restriction (HSFR) induced even higher response. While in the low body weight line neither the control nor the heat stress treatment showed any response. Chicks of either HS or HSFR had significantly lower live body weight (LBW) and body weight gain (BWG) and poorer fed conversion ratio (FCR) than the control ones. However, during the recovery period (21 to 42 DOA) the HSFR group was the best (p<0.01) for BWG and FCR. The high line body weight chicks showed significantly higher plasma level of total protein, albumin, globulin and cholesterol at 21 and 42 DOA than the low line. Similarly, higher antibody titers against NDV and productive performance traits throughout the experimental period.
Murine leukemia virus group-specific antigen expression in AKR mice.

Summary The distribution of the group-specific murine leukemia virus antigen was studied by immunofluorescence and immunofluorescence absorption in embryo, neonatal, and postnatal normal AKR mice of various ages and in leukemic mice of this strain. MuLV- gs antigens were first detected during the first postnatal week in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and serum, and during the second postnatal week in the thymus and the kidney. A variety of other tissues and organs were also positive, notably placenta, uterus, ovaries, and bones. Embryos at 10 to 18 days of gestation were consistently negative. MuLV- gs expression was first observed in the normal liver at 2 to 3 days after birth with a peak level between Days 5 and 12, after which the antigen gradually disappeared and remained absent during normal adult life. In mice with disseminated leukemia, infiltrating tumor cells caused another peak of gs antigen expression in this organ. Hematopoietic cells, rather than hepatocytes, seem to be the productively infected cells in the neonatal liver. Spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes were highly positive throughout life and showed little further increase in level of antigen during leukemogenesis. Surprisingly, the amount of antigen in the thymus of normal adult AKR mice was comparatively low, but increased to very high levels in leukemic mice. Blood serum and kidney showed a broad peak of antigen expression at approximately 10 to 30 days of age, followed by a decline in normal adults, possibly due to an immune response to MuLV antigens. Leukemic adults developed a very high level of antigen in serum and kidneys.
Relevance Models for Collaborative Filtering

Collaborative filtering is the common technique of predicting the interests of a user by collecting preference information from many users. Although it is generally regarded as a key information retrieval technique, its relation to the existing information retrieval theory is unclear. This thesis shows how the development of collaborative filtering can gain many benefits from information retrieval theories and models. It brings the notion of relevance into collaborative filtering and develops several relevance models for collaborative filtering. Besides dealing with user profiles that are obtained by explicitly asking users to rate information items, the relevance models can also cope with the situations where user profiles are implicitly supplied by observing user interactions with a system. Experimental results complement the theoretical insights with improved recommendation accuracy for both item relevance ranking and user rating prediction. Furthermore, the approaches are more than just analogy: our derivations of the unified relevance model show that popular user-based and item-based approaches represent only a partial view of the problem, whereas a unified view that brings these partial views together gives better insights into their relative importance and how retrieval can benefit from their combination.
Compact Planar Magic-T Based on the Double-Sided Parallel-Strip Line and the Slotline Coupling

Two compact planar magic-T structures implemented on the double-sided parallel-strip line (DSPSL) and the slotline coupling are proposed and demonstrated. Due to a metallic ground inserted into the middle of the substrate for the double-sided parallel-strip line, the E-plane DSPSL power divider thus shows an intrinsic 180° out-of-phase characteristic between the two input/ output ports. A transition between slotline and DSPSL is utilized to realize the H-plane input/output port of the magic-T. The equivalent circuits are derived for the design of the proposed planar multilayer magic-T. Good agreement between the measured and simulated results indicates that the fractional bandwidths for the two planar magic-T structures are 42.8% and 43.8%, respectively, while the amplitude and phase imbalance are less than 0.22 dB and 1.5°.
In search of voice: theory and methods in K-12 student voice research in the US, 1990–2010

Abstract Student voice research is a promising field of study that disrupts traditional student roles by reorganizing learning spaces that center youth voices. This review synthesizes student voice research by answering the following questions: (a) To what extent has student voice been studied at the K-12 levels in the US? (b) What are the conceptual characteristics of US student voice studies? (c) What are the methodological characteristics of this work at K-12 levels in the US? The review included 49 studies published in peer-refereed journals between 1990 and 2010. Results indicate student voice research is rapidly opening up spaces and capacities for racial and ethnic historically marginalized youth to play key roles in school change and hybrid learning spaces. The results open up new possibilities for building on this rapidly growing scholarship through interdisciplinary theory building, along with a need for broader attention to axes of marginalization across different geographical spaces.
Steady-state performance limitations of subband adaptive filters

Nonperfect filterbanks used for subband adaptive filtering (SAF) are known to impose limitations on the steady-state performance of such systems. In this paper, we quantify the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) and the accuracy with which the overall SAF system can model an unknown system that it is set to identify. First, in case of MMSE limits, the error is evaluated based on a power spectral density description of aliased signal components, which is accessible via a source model for the subband signals that we derive. Approximations of the MMSE can be embedded in a signal-to-alias ratio (SAR), which is a factor by which the error power can be reduced by adaptive filtering. With simplifications, SAR only depends on the filterbanks. Second, in case of modeling, we link the accuracy of the SAF system to the filterbank mismatch in perfect reconstruction. When using modulated filterbanks, both error limits-MMSE and inaccuracy-can be linked to the prototype. We explicitly derive this for generalized DFT modulated filterbanks and demonstrate the validity of the analytical error limits and their approximations for a number of examples, whereby the analytically predicted limits of error quantities compare favorably with simulations.
The Neuroanatomical Organization of Projection Neurons Associated with Different Olfactory Bulb Pathways in the Sea Lamprey, Petromyzon marinus

Although there is abundant evidence for segregated processing in the olfactory system across vertebrate taxa, the spatial relationship between the second order projection neurons (PNs) of olfactory subsystems connecting sensory input to higher brain structures is less clear. In the sea lamprey, there is tight coupling between olfaction and locomotion via PNs extending to the posterior tuberculum from the medial region of the olfactory bulb. This medial region receives peripheral input predominantly from the accessory olfactory organ. However, the axons from olfactory sensory neurons residing in the main olfactory epithelium extend to non-medial regions of the olfactory bulb, and the non-medial bulbar PNs extend their axons to the lateral pallium. It is not known if the receptive fields of the PNs in the two output pathways overlap; nor has the morphology of these PNs been investigated. In this study, retrograde labelling was utilized to investigate the PNs belonging to medial and non-medial projections. The dendrites and somata of the medial PNs were confined to medial glomerular neuropil, and dendrites of non-medial PNs did not enter this territory. The cell bodies and dendrites of the non-medial PNs were predominantly located below the glomeruli (frequently deeper in the olfactory bulb). While PNs in both locations contained single or multiple primary dendrites, the somal size was greater for medial than for non-medial PNs. When considered with the evidence-to-date, this study shows different neuroanatomical organization for medial olfactory bulb PNs extending to locomotor control centers and non-medial PNs extending to the lateral pallium in this vertebrate.
ICT Standardization Strategies and Service Innovation in Health Care

Standards have played an important, but often unrecognized role in the development of modern organizations. This role is accentuated by today's growth of large business and government infrastructures, in the turbulent processes of globalization. In this article we investigate the relationships - and tensions – between standardization strategies and service innovation in the health care sector. Our empirical material is nine longitudinal case studies in the Norwegian healthcare sector, collected and analysed over a period of 20 years. We identify three generic standardization strategies; anticipated standardization, integrated solutions and flexible generification. We argue that the two first strategies do not support service innovation, while the strategy of flexible generification does so.
Risk-based preventive maintenance planning using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) for marine engine systems

Equipments and systems on board ship, although well designed, will not remain safe or reliable if they are not maintained. The general objective of the maintenance process is to make use of the knowledge of failures and accidents to achieve the maximum possible safety with the lowest possible cost. In this insight, this study proposes a risk-assessment methodology for preventive maintenance planning evaluation based upon a reliability model for marine engine systems, which allows the use of flexible intervals between maintenance interventions. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) approach is chosen as a risk assessment methodology in this paper to synthesize the potential failure modes in order to identify early response and smoothly promote a preventive maintenance planning. As a case application fuel oil system is comparatively assessed. In the paper, it is seen that the proposed risk-assessment methodology provides invaluable supports to construct risk-based preventive maintenance planning for fuel oil system onboard ship.
DNA sequences useful for computation

Recent proposals for DNA based computing 1], 2], 3] encode Boolean vector component values with sequences of DNA. It has previously been assumed that suucient length random subsequences could be used to encode component values. However use of such subsequences will inadvertently result in long complementary subsequences. Complementary subsequences of suucient length would stick to each other and cause mistakes or delays in computation. We suggest some constraints on DNA subsequences to be used in encodings, and describe maximal sets of subsequences satisfying these constraints. A seminal paper of Adlemann1] recently sparked growing interest in the use of DNA and the methods of molecular biology to do computation. Adleman's approach required the encoding of computer science problems into DNA sequences, and relied heavily on \extraction" of sequences containing a particular subsequence by use of a complementary subsequence. Subsequently Liptonn2] proposed an approach for using DNA to solve Satissability and other problems in the computational class NP. Lipton proposed a particular encoding of Boolean vectors and relied on similar extraction operations using complementary subsequences. Baum proposed to use a similar encoding, and some variants, for Content Addressable memoriess3]. Several other proposed computer algorithms rely on similar encodings and methodss4],,5]. For each of these proposals, a set of DNA subsequences must be chosen. Practical considerations will force these subsequences to satisfy certain requirements. Lipton and Adleman suggested using random subsequences. However, practical requirements impose constraints that can not be met by random sequences, and it is not a priori obvious that they can be satissed at all. This paper describes such constraints and proposes sets of subsequences which satisfy them. For concreteness we brieey review the encoding of Liptonn2]. One wishes to encode the Boolean vectors f0; 1g n , where n is about 60. For each i = 1; :::; n, one chooses two subsequences of DNA X i and Y i , corresponding respectively to a 0 or a 1 in the ith component. A vector in f0; 1g n is then encoded by the concatenation of the appropriate subsequences, perhaps spaced by a xed sub-sequence, or a subsequence corresponding to the number of the component 1. This evidently requires 1 Given a directed graph, Adlemann1] described a procedure for constructing an associated set of DNA molecules by mixing in subsequences corresponding to all nodes in his graph, and subsequences corresponding to all edges, which served to splint the node …
HIV-specific regulatory T cells are associated with higher CD4 cell counts in primary infection

Objective:Expansion of regulatory T (Treg) cells has been described in chronically HIV-infected individuals. We investigated whether HIV-suppressive Treg could be detected during primary HIV infection (PHI). Methods:Seventeen patients diagnosed early after PHI (median: 13 days; 1–55) were studied. Median CD4 cell count was 480 cells/μl (33–1306) and plasma HIV RNA levels ranged between 3.3 and 5.7 log10 copies/ml. Suppressive capacity of blood purified CD4+CD25+ was evaluated in a coculture assay. Fox-p3, IL-2 and IL-10 were quantified by reverse transciptase (RT)-PCR and intracellular staining of ex vivo and activated CD4+CD25high T cells. Results:The frequency of CD4+CD127lowCD25high T cells among CD4 T cells was lower in patients with PHI compared with chronic patients (n = 19). They exhibited a phenotype of memory T cells and expressed constitutively FoxP3. Similar to chronic patients, Treg from patients with PHI inhibited the proliferation of purified tuberculin (PPD) and HIV p24 activated CD4+CD25− T cells. CD4+CD25high T cells from patients with PHI responded specifically to p24 stimulation by expressing IL-10. In untreated patients with PHI, the frequency as well as HIV-specific activity of Treg decreased during a 24-month follow-up. A positive correlation between percentages of Treg and both CD4 cell counts and the magnitude of p24-specific suppressive activity at diagnosis of PHI was found. Conclusion:Our data showed that HIV drives Treg, as PHI and these cells persist throughout the course of the infection. A correlation between the frequency of Treg and CD4 T-cell counts suggest that these cells may impact on the immune activation set point at PHI diagnosis.