Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Retrospective Assessments of Childhood Psychopathology by Adults and Their Parents

The present study compared retrospective personality and psychopathological assessments of adults about their childhood and adolescence with concurrent assessments by one of their parents. One-hundred three college stu-dents (Mage = 23.1 years) and one of their parents (Mage = 51.2 years) completed a retrospective version of the 200-item, parent-as-respondent, Coolidge Personality and Neuropsychological Inventory (R-CPNI). The median internal scale reliabilities (Cronbach’s α) for all 46 scales of the R-CPNI were substantial for the adult retrospec-tive (α = 0.78) and the parent retrospective versions (α = 0.79), and there was a strong correlation between the adult and parent retrospective scale reliabilities (r = 0.88). To evaluate group differences, t tests revealed that the parent means were significantly lower than the adult means on 45 of the 46 scales with mostly large effect sizes. Principal components analyses of the scales for both adult and parent retrospective versions were strongly and positively correlated (r = 0.88) for the total number of components extracted. These findings appear to support the contention that retrospective assessments tend to be reliable and valid and that parents’ retrospective recol-lections of their children’s psychopathology tend to be more positive than the retrospective reports by the adults. Based on these preliminary findings, it appears that the R-CPNI may provide a unique and interesting tool for the retrospective measurement of psychopathology.
Sex Matters: Gender Bias in the Mutual Fund Industry

We document significantly lower inflows into female-managed mutual funds than into male-managed funds. This result is obtained with field data and with data from a laboratory experiment. There are no gender differences in performance. Thus, rational statistical discrimination is unlikely to explain the fund flow effect. We conduct an implicit association test and find that subjects with stronger gender bias according to this test invest significantly less into female-managed funds. Our results suggest that gender bias affects investment decisions and thus offer a new explanation for the low fraction of women in the mutual fund industry.
Physical Activity versus Sedentary Behavior: Associations with Lipoprotein Particle Subclass Concentrations in Healthy Adults

Background Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SED) may have independent effects on health and disease. This might be due to PA and SED having distinct effects on lipoprotein metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine associations between lipoprotein subclass particle concentrations (-P) and accelerometer-measured SED and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) in a sample of healthy adult subjects. Methods Lipoprotein subclass particle concentrations were determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, whereas SED and MVPA were measured using Agtigraph GT1M and GT3X+ accelerometers. We obtained valid data in 73 subjects (30 men and 43 women, age 40.5 ± 10.6 years; body mass index 24.0 ± 2.8). Multiple regression analysis was used to determine associations (partial correlations) with lipoproteins. Results Positive associations were detected between SED and small VLDL-P, large LDL-P and TG (partial r = 0.24 to 0.25, p < .047). Corresponding associations were non-significant for MVPA (partial r = -0.12 to 0.04, p > .355). On the contrary, MVPA was positively associated with large HDL-P, average HDL size, Apo A1 and HDL-cholesterol (partial r = 0.28 to 0.50, p < .027), whereas SED was not (partial r = -0.06 to 0.07, p > .607). Conclusion There might be a specific effect of SED versus MVPA on lipoprotein metabolism. However, our results must be interpreted carefully due to possible effect-modification by gender and a low sample size. Thus, our findings should be viewed as preliminary.
Effects of English Phonological Awareness Training on Chinese Child EFL Learners’ Literacy Development

Phonological awareness (PA) instruction has been attached great importance in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) research due to the observed significance of PA in the development of English literacy. But studies on Chinese child EFL learners’ English PA training and its long-term effects are sparse, and research on its effects on children’s English literacy development is even less. The present study is a longitudinal study following an English PA training program, aiming to investigate the long-term effect of the training on young English learners’ subsequent literacy acquisition in China. Eighty students from two intact classes in Grade One of a primary school participated in the study. Among them, forty four children in the treatment group received 10 weeks’ PA training, while the rest thirty six children in the control group did not. Tests were conducted on all participants at two time points – 6 months and 12 months after the training respectively. Both tests examined participants’ early English reading and spelling. And Test 2 investigated the participants’ reading comprehension and PA as well. The following are the major findings: Firstly, there is long-term training effect on participants’ literacy acquisition. The treatment group performed better on every literacy sub-skill test than the control group in tests conducted 6 months and 12 months after the training, showing significantly better performance on early English reading and spelling than the control group. Secondly, PA is closely related with English literacy skills, and the initial phoneme deletion is likely the most powerful predictor of children’s early English reading and spelling. Key words: Chinese child EFL learners; Phonological awareness; English literacy
Clinical utility of voriconazole eye drops in ophthalmic fungal keratitis

Fungal keratitis is one of the major causes of ophthalmic mycosis and is difficult to treat. The range of common antifungal agents available for fungal keratitis remains inadequate and is generally associated with poor clinical outcomes. Voriconazole is a new generation triazole antifungal agent. Only marketed in systemic formulation and, with broad-spectrum activity and high intraocular penetration, voriconazole has demonstrated effectiveness against fungal keratitis. Systemic voriconazole, however, is not without side effects and is costly. Voriconazole eye drops have been prepared extemporaneously and used for the treatment of ophthalmic fungal keratitis. The current article sought to review the literature for evidence related to the effectiveness and safety of topical voriconazole and its corneal penetration into the aqueous humor of the eye. The voriconazole eye drops used are typically of 1% concentration, well tolerated by the eye, and are stable. Despite existing evidence to suggest that the eye drops are effective in the treatment of fungal keratitis, more studies are needed, especially in relation to using the eye drops as first-line and stand-alone treatment, preparation of higher concentrations, and optimal dosing frequency.
Gemcitabine and Arabinosylcytosin Pharmacogenomics: Genome-Wide Association and Drug Response Biomarkers

Cancer patients show large individual variation in their response to chemotherapeutic agents. Gemcitabine (dFdC) and AraC, two cytidine analogues, have shown significant activity against a variety of tumors. We previously used expression data from a lymphoblastoid cell line-based model system to identify genes that might be important for the two drug cytotoxicity. In the present study, we used that same model system to perform a genome-wide association (GWA) study to test the hypothesis that common genetic variation might influence both gene expression and response to the two drugs. Specifically, genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and mRNA expression data were obtained using the Illumina 550K® HumanHap550 SNP Chip and Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 GeneChip, respectively, for 174 ethnically-defined “Human Variation Panel” lymphoblastoid cell lines. Gemcitabine and AraC cytotoxicity assays were performed to obtain IC50 values for the cell lines. We then performed GWA studies with SNPs, gene expression and IC50 of these two drugs. This approach identified SNPs that were associated with gemcitabine or AraC IC50 values and with the expression regulation for 29 genes or 30 genes, respectively. One SNP in IQGAP2 (rs3797418) was significantly associated with variation in both the expression of multiple genes and gemcitabine and AraC IC50. A second SNP in TGM3 (rs6082527) was also significantly associated with multiple gene expression and gemcitabine IC50. To confirm the association results, we performed siRNA knock down of selected genes with expression that was associated with rs3797418 and rs6082527 in tumor cell and the knock down altered gemcitabine or AraC sensitivity, confirming our association study results. These results suggest that the application of GWA approaches using cell-based model systems, when combined with complementary functional validation, can provide insights into mechanisms responsible for variation in cytidine analogue response.
Change in bone mineral density in patients with rheumatoid arthritis during the first decade of the disease.

OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been reported to be associated with bone loss during the first years of the disease. The magnitude of this problem after the initial years has not yet been evaluated. In the present study, the change in bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with recent-onset RA as well as the effects of inflammation, mobility, and the use of prednisone on this change were studied in the first decade of the disease. METHODS BMD was measured twice in 76 RA patients with mean disease durations of 2.35 years at the first BMD measurement and 8.90 years at the second BMD measurement. BMD was measured in both hips using dual x-ray absorptiometry. Results were expressed as mean +/- SEM Z scores (using age- and sex-matched reference values) and as mean +/- SEM percent change in BMD (in gm/cm2) per year. The effects of inflammation, mobility, and the use of prednisone on change in BMD were evaluated using multiple linear regression analyses. RESULTS At the first BMD measurement, RA patients had lower BMD compared with the reference values (Z score -0.42+/-0.11, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] -0.64, -0.20). Between the 2 measurements, we observed a small decrease in BMD of -0.28+/-0.11%/year (95% CI -0.07 to -0.49). However, the rate of bone loss was smaller than expected. The Z score increased by 0.13+/-0.05 between the 2 BMD measurements (95% CI 0.02, 0.23). Only the use of prednisone was significantly associated with increased bone loss. In a separate analysis that included only postmenopausal women, increased physical activity and longer time since menopause were both associated with decreased bone loss. In this subgroup of patients, the use of prednisone was significantly associated with increased bone loss as well. A high erythrocyte sedimentation rate was associated with increased bone loss, but this did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION After the initial years of the disease, bone loss in RA patients is lower than expected compared with age- and sex-matched reference values. Postmenopausal RA patients with low levels of physical activity are at increased risk of losing bone. Use of prednisone was the only variable consistently associated with reduction in BMD in RA patients.
Tinbergen Institute The Tinbergen Institute is the institute for economic research of the Erasmus Universiteit

Mohring and Harwitz (1962) showed that, under certa in conditions, an optimally designed and priced road would generate user toll revenues j ust sufficient to cover its capital costs. Several scholars subsequently explored the robustne s of that finding. This paper briefly summarizes further research on the relationship bet we n congestion-toll revenues and road costs. Despite its transparency, the self-financing theorem can lead to erroneous interpretations. The paper’s second part discusses three such possible fallacies. It uses a simple numerical model to investigate them. The mod el shows that the naïve interpretation of the Mohring-Harwitz rule may lead to substantial we lfare losses. These losses are particularly prominent when the difference between capital and investment cost is confused and when balanced-budget constraints are imposed un der second-best network conditions. In contrast, losses from imposing a balanced-budget co nstraint when economies or diseconomies of scale exist are surprisingly small. * The authors thank Robin Lindsey and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier versio n of this paper. Any remaining deficiencies are ours. ** Corresponding author. Affiliated to the Tinbergen Institute, Roetersstraat 31, 1018 WB Amsterdam.
Myths and Fallacies about Male Contraceptive Methods: A Qualitative Study amongst Married Youth in Slums of Karachi, Pakistan

Pakistan presently has one of the largest cohorts of young people in its history, with around 36 million people between the ages of 15 and 24 years. One of the main reasons for high population growth in Pakistan is almost stagnant contraceptive prevalence rate of 30% nationally and 17.4% amongst youth. The study was conducted to explore the perceptions regarding myths and fallacies related to male contraceptive methods among married youth aged 18-24 year in Karachi, Pakistan. Qualitative exploratory study design was adopted and a total of eight Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted. Study was conducted in two Union Councils of Korangi Town in the squatter settlement of Karachi, Pakistan from July to September 2010. Thematic analysis was done manually. General, physical, sexual, psychological, socio-cultural and religious were the common categories which lead to myths and fallacies related to condoms use and vasectomy among the married youth. The foremost myth amongst male and female youth was that use of both condoms and vasectomy cause impotence in males. Additionally, condoms were thought to cause infections, backache and headache in males. Some youth of the area think that vasectomy is meant for prisoners only. In conclusion our findings suggest that the potential reasons behind low use of male contraceptive methods among youth of squatter settlement of Karachi were myths and fallacies about male contraceptive methods. There are some important policy implications like counseling of the couple through peers and well trained family planning service providers to address these myths and misconceptions from the minds of youth.
Cross‐presentation, dendritic cell subsets, and the generation of immunity to cellular antigens

Summary: Cross‐presentation involves the uptake and processing of exogenous antigens within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I pathway. This process is primarily performed by dendritic cells (DCs), which are not a single cell type but may be divided into several distinct subsets. Those expressing CD8α together with CD205, found primarily in the T‐cell areas of the spleen and lymph nodes, are the major subset responsible for cross‐presenting cellular antigens. This ability is likely to be important for the generation of cytotoxic T‐cell immunity to a variety of antigens, particularly those associated with viral infection, tumorigenesis, and DNA vaccination. At present, it is unclear whether the CD8α‐expressing DC subset captures antigen directly from target cells or obtains it indirectly from intermediary DCs that traffic from peripheral sites. In this review, we examine the molecular basis for cross‐presentation, discuss the role of DC subsets, and examine the contribution of this process to immunity, with some emphasis on DNA vaccination.
Evaluation of C677T and A1298C polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene as maternal risk factors for Down syndrome and congenital heart defects

Abnormal folate/homocysteine metabolism due to polymorphisms in genes involved in this pathway has been implicated as an etiologic factor in Down syndrome (DS). This case–control study aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal C677T and A1298C polymorphisms of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) as risk factors for the development of DS and congenital heart defects (CHD). The distribution of these genotypic variants was similar between mothers of children with DS (n = 239) and control mothers of normal children (n = 197), but the combined genotypes 677CT or TT and 1298AA increased the risk of having offspring with DS (OR = 1.99; 95% CI 1.11–3.55). The presence of the 677T allele in case mothers resulted in a 2.07‐fold higher odds of CHD in the offspring (P < 0.01). Among the 57 mothers of CHD‐affected children with DS who carried the MTHFR 677CT or TT genotypes and did not have periconceptional folic acid intake, we observed a 2.26‐fold increased odds (95% CI 1.25–4.09) of having any CHD‐affected child with DS. Our results show that MTHFR genetic polymorphisms may be involved in the etiology of DS in our population when controlling for age. We noted a borderline significant association for the C677T polymorphism (P = 0.05). Maternal 677T allele may be associated with an increased occurrence of CHD in children with DS and we anticipate that women who carry this polymorphism would benefit from periconceptional folic acid supplementation. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The ars Operon in the skinElement of Bacillus subtilis Confers Resistance to Arsenate and Arsenite

ABSTRACT The Bacillus subtilis skin element confers resistance to arsenate and arsenite. The ars operon in theskin element contains four genes in the orderarsR, ORF2, arsB, andarsC. Three of these genes are homologous to thearsR, arsB, and arsC genes from the staphylococcal plasmid pI258, while no homologs of ORF2have been found. Inactivation of arsR, arsB, orarsC results in either constitutive expression ofars, an arsenite- and arsenate-sensitive phenotype, or an arsenate-sensitive phenotype, respectively. These results suggest that ArsR, ArsB, and ArsC function as a negative regulator, a membrane-associated protein need for extrusion of arsenite, and arsenate reductase, respectively. Expression of the arsoperon was induced by arsenate, arsenite, and antimonite. Northern hybridization and primer extension analysis showed that synthesis of a full-length ars transcript of about 2.4 kb was induced by arsenate and that the ars promoter contains sequences that resemble the −10 and −35 regions of promoters that are recognized by EςA.
Activities of potassium and sodium ions in rabbit heart muscle

Activities (a) of intracellular K and Na in rabbit ventricular papillary muslces were determined with cation-selectivve glass microelectrodes and concentrations (C) were estimated with flame photometry. The CK and aK of the muscles were 134.9 +/- 3.1 mM (mean value +/- SE) and 82.6 mM, respectively, at 25 degrees C. The corresponding CNa and aNa were 32.7 +/- 2.7 and 5.7, respectively. The apparent intracellular activity coefficients for K (gammaK) and Na (gammaNa) were 0.612 and 0.175, respectively. Similar results were obtained at 35 +/- 1 degree C. gammaK was substantially lower than the activity coefficient (0.745) of extracellular fluid (Tyrode's solution), which might be expected on the basis of a different intracellular ionic strength. gammaNa was much lower than that of extracellular fluid, and suggest that much of the Na was compartmentalized or sequestered. For external K concentrations greater than 5 mM, the resting membrane potentials agreed well with the potential differences calculated from the K activity gradients across the cell membrane as a potassium electrode. These results emphasize that potassium equilibrium potentials in heart muscle should be calculated by activities rather than concentrations.
Simultaneous magnetic resonance phase and magnitude temperature maps in muscle

Noninvasive magnetic resonance temperature maps that are used to monitor thermal ablation of tissue are described. In magnetic resonance images, thermally induced proton nuclear magnetic resonance frequency shifts, and changes in the longitudinal relaxation time produce both phase and magnitude changes in the MR signal. Temperature maps with improved sensitivity are derived from the complex‐difference nuclear magnetic resonance signal. Bovine muscle specimens were heated with focused ultrasound to model thermal surgery and create a known thermal distribution to test the method. Resulting MR images acquired in 2 s produce temperature maps with 1 mm resolution and 2°C temperature sensitivity. The temperature sensitivity was increased by extending the acquisition to 5 s, by decreasing the receiver bandwidth, and increasing the echo time.
A Brief Scale on Attitude Toward Learning of Scientific Subjects (ATLoSS) for Middle School Students

This paper aims at developing and validating a brief scale specifically assessing Attitude Toward Learning of Scientific Subjects (ATLoSS) and at testing its measurement invariance across genders. The scale was validated on a sample of 18,436 Italian students (51% males) attending middle schools at 7th grade by using both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The four item scale had good internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha of . 864 and a one-factor solution characterized by measurement invariance across genders. Associations with other measures – in particular with math academic self-concept and interest/enjoyment in math – supported convergent and divergent validity of the scale; besides, good criterion validity based on student achievement and prospective choice of higher education was confirmed. The scale represents a brief and easy instrument which can be used in large scale student assessment and can provide teachers and educators with preliminary information on their students’ attitudes which are relevant for academic achievement.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome leads to reduced ratio of ACE / ACE 2 activities and is prevented by Angiotensin-( 1-7 ) or an Angiotensin II receptor antagonist

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Foraminiferida, zonation and subzonation of the Paleocene of Tunisia

Benthic and planktonic foraminifers of the hypostratotype of the Paleocene (El Haria Fm., El Kef section, northern Tunisia) are discussed and described. The foraminifers identified have made it possible to distinguish 8 planktonic foraminiferal biozones with 5 subzones within the hypostratotype and to correlate them with their stratigraphic equivalents from Tethyan and epicontinental regions. The hypostratotypes of the Danian, Montian and Landenian are proposed and defined. The hypostratotype of the Paleocene sensu. stricto is proposed as the stratotype of marine Paleocene section of the Tethyan region.