Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential presynaptic modulation of noradrenaline release in human atrial tissue in normoxia and anoxia

1 . Presynaptic modulation of noradrenaline release in human atrial tissue specimens was investigated under normoxic and anoxic conditions. 2 . Noradrenaline release was induced by electrical stimulation and release during experimental intervention (S2) was compared with release during a preceding control stimulation (S1). The results were expressed as the geometric means and 95% confidence intervals of the S2/S1 ratio. 3 . The α2‐adrenoceptor agonist, UK 14304 (0.1 μmol 1−1) significantly inhibited noradrenaline release, resulting in a S2/S1 ratio of 0.49 (0.40‐0.59), and the α2‐adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine (1 μmol 1−1) increased noradrenaline release (S2/S1 1.83 [1.43‐2.35]) during normoxia. Both compounds were ineffective during anoxia. 4 . Adenosine (30 μmol 1−1) inhibited noradrenaline release with a S2/S1 ratio of 0.54 (0.42‐0.66). The adenosine antagonist, 8‐phenyltheophylline, alone had no effect during normoxia. During anoxia, neither adenosine nor 8‐phenyltheophylline altered noradrenaline release. 5 . The β2‐adrenoceptor agonist, terbutaline (1 μmol 1−1) increased (1.53 [1.14‐2.01]) and the β‐adrenoceptor antagonist, pindolol (1 μmol 1−1) suppressed noradrenaline release (0.62 [0.49‐0.79]) under normoxic conditions. During anoxia, pindolol significantly inhibited noradrenaline release with a S2/S1 ratio of 0.66 (0.51‐0.85), whereas terbutaline did not influence noradrenaline release. 6 . Angiotensin II (0.1 μmol 1−1) enhanced noradrenaline release resulting in a S2/S1 ratio of 1.44 (1.34‐1.54), while the angiotensin II antagonist, losartan (1 μmol 1−1) had no effect on noradrenaline release during normoxia. Conversely, angiotensin II did not increase noradrenaline release and losartan significantly inhibited noradrenaline release to a S2/S1 ratio of 0.60 (0.46‐0.77) during anoxia. 7 . In conclusion, human cardiac tissue possesses presynaptic inhibitory α2‐adrenoceptors and adenosine receptors, as well as facilitatory β2‐adrenoceptors and angiotensin II receptors regulating noradrenaline release under normoxic conditions. During anoxia the responses to α2‐adrenoceptors and adenosine receptor stimulation are lost, whereas facilitatory responses to β2‐adrenoceptors and angiotensin II receptor stimulation are maintained and these receptors appear to be maximally stimulated. This differential presynaptic modulation in anoxia may contribute to enhanced sympathetic activity in ischaemia.
Straggling and extreme cases in the energy deposition by ions in submicron silicon volumes

The variations in the energy deposited by ions in thin silicon layers and submicron volumes are calculated using Monte Carlo and convolution methods. For the /spl delta/-electron spectra we use a detailed spectrum, considering solid state effects. For each ion, the energy it deposits in a sensitive (to single events) volume (SV) is found by subtracting the energy of the /spl delta/-electrons when escaping the SV from the energy the ion loses in the SV. The behavior of the resulting straggling functions is studied in detail as function of the SV shape and angle of incidence of the ion beam. They are used for estimating the probabilities of single events, in particular those due to rare high energy deposition events. The latter are compared with the probability for events due to nuclear reactions of the ion with the electronic material nuclei.
Fudan-Huawei at MediaEval 2015: Detecting Violent Scenes and Affective Impact in Movies with Deep Learning

Techniques for violent scene detection and aective impact prediction in videos can be deployed in many applications. In MediaEval 2015, we explore deep learning methods to tackle this challenging problem. Our system consists of several deep learning features. First, we train a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model with a subset of ImageNet classes selected particularly for violence detection. Second, we adopt a specially designed two-stream CNN framework [1] to extract features on both static frames and motion optical ows. Third, Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) models are applied on top of the two-stream CNN features, which can capture the longer-term temporal dynamics. In addition, several conventional motion and audio features are also extracted as complementary information to the deep learning features. By fusing all the advanced features, we achieve a mean average precision of 0.296 in the violence detection subtask, and an accuracy of 0.418 and 0.488 for arousal and valence respectively in the induced aect detection subtask.
Religiosity, Moral Attitudes and Moral Competence

The present research investigates the relation between the religiosity dimensions which Wulff (1991; 1997) described (Exclusion vs. Inclusion of Transcendence and Literal vs. Symbolic) and both moral attitudes and moral competence. The Post-Critical Belief scale (Duriez et al., 2000) was used as a measure of Wulff's religiosity dimensions, and the Moral Judgment Test (Lind, 1998) was used to measure both moral attitudes and moral competence. Results from an adolescent sample (N = 138), a student sample (N = 372) and a sample of adults affiliated to the Roman Catholic Church (N = 294) suggest, that, whereas the Literal vs. Symbolic dimension shows substantial relations with moral attitudes and moral competence, the Exclusion vs. Inclusion of Transcendence dimension is unrelated to both of them. This suggests that there is no intrinsic relationship between religiosity and morality. However, results also suggest that religiously affiliated persons, in general, exhibit low moral competence. The content of the moral dilemmas that were presented cannot account for this.
Lutein suppresses inflammatory responses through Nrf2 activation and NF-κB inactivation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 microglia.

SCOPE In this study, the effects of lutein on neuroinflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV-2 microglia were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS The production of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and nitric oxide was measured in culture medium using enzyme immunoassay and Griess reagent, respectively. The expression of proteins was determined using Western blot. Pretreatment with lutein (50 μM) prior to LPS (1 μg/mL, 12 h) stimulation resulted in a significant inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression, as well as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and nitric oxide production (p < 0.05). Further experiments demonstrated that lutein suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB activation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38 kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and Akt kinase (p < 0.05). Moreover, lutein markedly quenched reactive oxygen species and promoted antioxidant protein expression including heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase by enhancing the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) mediated NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that lutein attenuates neuroinflammation in LPS-activated BV-2 microglia partly through inhibiting p38-, JNK-, and Akt-stimulated NF-κB activation and promoting ERK-induced Nrf2 activation, suggesting that lutein has great potential as a nutritional preventive strategy in inflammation-related neurodegenerative disorders.
The Relations Among Feminist Identity Development, Gender-Role Orientation, and Psychological Well-Being in Women

This study examined relations between feminist identity development, gender-role orientation, and psychological well-being in 244 women of varying ages and backgrounds. As hypothesized, both feminist identity development and gender-role orientation contributed independently to the explanation of variance in psychological well-being. Instrumentality, expressiveness, and a more developed feminist identity were all related positively to psychological well-being. In addition, instrumentality and a more developed feminist identity were correlated positively. Implications of these findings as well as limitations and future directions are discussed.
Toward a Communication Model for the Socialization of Voluntary Members

Because most socialization/assimilation research focuses on employment as the primary membership role in groups and organizations, the accompanying models have failed to consider the unique characteristics of voluntary membership. In addition, those models have been criticized for being too linear and based on concepts of organizations as containers. Using principles of the bona fide group perspective and a case study, this paper develops a model that emphasizes the unique characteristics of the socialization of voluntary members. The multilevel model also examines how membership in various other groups, such as work and family, influence and interact with individuals’ voluntary memberships. With a focus on communication, the model emphasizes the fluid process of voluntary associations in organizations with ambiguous boundaries.
What Are Couples Saying About Relationship Education? A Content Analysis

Concerns regarding the impact of relationship distress and divorce have prompted various federal, state, and local initiatives to offer couple relationship education (CRE) programs to help couples build and maintain healthy relationships. Recent reports have shown CRE to have several positive effects. Still, challenges pertaining to recruitment and retention have limited the reach and potential impact of CRE services. Also, in comparison to other family programs such as parent education, little is known about public perceptions of CRE. To better understand perceptions of CRE services and gain ideas for recruitment strategy, this study applied content analysis methodology to 99 couple discussions on the pros and cons of attending relationship education. Ideas for CRE programmers are discussed in light of study findings.
Fcγ Receptor-Mediated Inflammation Inhibits Axon Regeneration

Anti-glycan/ganglioside antibodies are the most common immune effectors found in patients with Guillain-Barré Syndrome, which is a peripheral autoimmune neuropathy. We previously reported that disease-relevant anti-glycan autoantibodies inhibited axon regeneration, which echo the clinical association of these antibodies and poor recovery in Guillain-Barré Syndrome. However, the specific molecular and cellular elements involved in this antibody-mediated inhibition of axon regeneration are not previously defined. This study examined the role of Fcγ receptors and macrophages in the antibody-mediated inhibition of axon regeneration. A well characterized antibody passive transfer sciatic nerve crush and transplant models were used to study the anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated inhibition of axon regeneration in wild type and various mutant and transgenic mice with altered expression of specific Fcγ receptors and macrophage/microglia populations. Outcome measures included behavior, electrophysiology, morphometry, immunocytochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR, and western blotting. We demonstrate that the presence of autoantibodies, directed against neuronal/axonal cell surface gangliosides, in the injured mammalian peripheral nerves switch the proregenerative inflammatory environment to growth inhibitory milieu by engaging specific activating Fcγ receptors on recruited monocyte-derived macrophages to cause severe inhibition of axon regeneration. Our data demonstrate that the antibody orchestrated Fcγ receptor-mediated switch in inflammation is one mechanism underlying inhibition of axon regeneration. These findings have clinical implications for nerve repair and recovery in antibody-mediated immune neuropathies. Our results add to the complexity of axon regeneration in injured peripheral and central nervous systems as adverse effects of B cells and autoantibodies on neural injury and repair are increasingly recognized.
Text level reading comprehension in aphasia: What do we know about therapy and what do we need to know?

Background: Reading comprehension difficulties are a common feature of aphasia, affecting the understanding of single words, sentences, paragraphs and extended text. Whilst there have been studies investigating treatment for single word reading, there are a limited number of studies of treatment methods targeting the reading of paragraphs and connected text. Aims: This paper will describe a series of single case studies, each investigating the effectiveness of a different therapy approach for paragraph level reading comprehension. The studies raise a number of issues regarding the assessment of reading, choice of therapy and measurement of outcome; these will be discussed in relation to the studies and the wider evidence base. Methods & Procedures: Four people with aphasia were involved in the studies. Participants presented with reading difficulties alongside other language difficulties. Each study involved a single case study, multiple baseline with control task design. Detailed assessment of reading comprehension was completed pre-therapy, post-therapy and at follow-up, approximately 2–4 weeks post-therapy. Participants were also asked about their pre-morbid reading abilities and preferences, their reading difficulties and their views about therapy and its impact. Outcomes & Results: All participants showed some improvement in the accuracy of reading comprehension but there was extensive variability in the significance of gains, when gains were seen and on which assessments. Post-therapy, three of the four participants read the assessment passages and answered the questions more quickly. All participants reported some positive change in their reading, either in reading ability, reading behaviour or feelings about reading, but again individual variation was evident in the extent and type of change perceived. Conclusions: These studies raise a number of important issues regarding the assessment of reading, therapy choice and measuring the outcome of therapy. These issues are discussed in relation to current literature, with an aim of informing future research investigating the assessment of, and therapy for, reading comprehension difficulties in people with aphasia. Reading is fundamental to everyday activities and developing the evidence base is of crucial importance in supporting people with aphasia to maximise their reading ability.
An efficient high performance scalar multiplication method with resistance against timing attacks

This paper presents an efficient high performance elliptic curve scalar multiplication method with resistance against Timing Attacks. The main idea of the proposed method is to control the main scalar multiplication loop such that- either- a- single-point- addition' is- performed- or- a- number- of- consecutive point doublings that take the same time taken by a single point addition is- performed. The proposed method works with both binary-encoded as well as NAF-encodedprivate keys with NAF encoding yielding higher performance. It requires no extra fake computations and its time complexity is less than other recently reported countermeasures, especially when parallel multipliers are used.
Dynamic analysis of the mesenchymal-epithelial transition of blood-brain barrier forming glia in Drosophila

ABSTRACT During development, many epithelia are formed by a mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). Here, we examine the major stages and underlying mechanisms of MET during blood-brain barrier formation in Drosophila. We show that contact with the basal lamina is essential for the growth of the barrier-forming subperineurial glia (SPG). Septate junctions (SJs), which provide insulation of the paracellular space, are not required for MET, but are necessary for the establishment of polarized SPG membrane compartments. In vivo time-lapse imaging reveals that the Moody GPCR signaling pathway regulates SPG cell growth and shape, with different levels of signaling causing distinct phenotypes. Timely, well-coordinated SPG growth is essential for the uniform insertion of SJs and thus the insulating function of the barrier. To our knowledge, this is the first dynamic in vivo analysis of all stages in the formation of a secondary epithelium, and of the key role trimeric G protein signaling plays in this important morphogenetic process. Summary: This study examines the major steps and underlying mechanisms of mesenchymal-epithelial transition of the blood-brain-barrier forming glia in Drosophila, including the role of basal lamina, septate junctions and of trimeric G protein signaling.
Individual behavioural counselling for smoking cessation.

BACKGROUND Individual counselling from a smoking cessation specialist may help smokers to make a successful attempt to stop smoking. OBJECTIVES The review addresses the following hypotheses:1. Individual counselling is more effective than no treatment or brief advice in promoting smoking cessation.2. Individual counselling is more effective than self-help materials in promoting smoking cessation.3. A more intensive counselling intervention is more effective than a less intensive intervention. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialized Register for studies with counsel* in any field in May 2016. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized or quasi-randomized trials with at least one treatment arm consisting of face-to-face individual counselling from a healthcare worker not involved in routine clinical care. The outcome was smoking cessation at follow-up at least six months after the start of counselling. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Both authors extracted data in duplicate. We recorded characteristics of the intervention and the target population, method of randomization and completeness of follow-up. We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence in each trial, and biochemically-validated rates where available. In analysis, we assumed that participants lost to follow-up continued to smoke. We expressed effects as a risk ratio (RR) for cessation. Where possible, we performed meta-analysis using a fixed-effect (Mantel-Haenszel) model. We assessed the quality of evidence within each study using the Cochrane 'Risk of bias' tool and the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS We identified 49 trials with around 19,000 participants. Thirty-three trials compared individual counselling to a minimal behavioural intervention. There was high-quality evidence that individual counselling was more effective than a minimal contact control (brief advice, usual care, or provision of self-help materials) when pharmacotherapy was not offered to any participants (RR 1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.40 to 1.77; 27 studies, 11,100 participants; I2 = 50%). There was moderate-quality evidence (downgraded due to imprecision) of a benefit of counselling when all participants received pharmacotherapy (nicotine replacement therapy) (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.51; 6 studies, 2662 participants; I2 = 0%). There was moderate-quality evidence (downgraded due to imprecision) for a small benefit of more intensive counselling compared to brief counselling (RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.53; 11 studies, 2920 participants; I2 = 48%). None of the five other trials that compared different counselling models of similar intensity detected significant differences. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is high-quality evidence that individually-delivered smoking cessation counselling can assist smokers to quit. There is moderate-quality evidence of a smaller relative benefit when counselling is used in addition to pharmacotherapy, and of more intensive counselling compared to a brief counselling intervention.
Quantitative Lys-ϵ-Gly-Gly (diGly) Proteomics Coupled with Inducible RNAi Reveals Ubiquitin-mediated Proteolysis of DNA Damage-inducible Transcript 4 (DDIT4) by the E3 Ligase HUWE1

Background: HUWE1 is an E3 ligase implicated in cancer and intellectual disabilities. Results: Inducible RNAi combined with quantitative diGly proteomics was implemented to find HUWE1 substrates. Conclusion: DDIT4 is a substrate of HUWE1. Significance: HUWE1 is a master regulator of cell stress response proteins including DDIT4. Inducible RNAi coupled with diGly proteomics is a valuable strategy for identifying novel E3 ligase substrates. Targeted degradation of proteins through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) via the activities of E3 ubiquitin ligases regulates diverse cellular processes, and misregulation of these enzymes contributes to the pathogenesis of human diseases. One of the challenges facing the UPS field is to delineate the complete cohort of substrates for a particular E3 ligase. Advances in mass spectrometry and the development of antibodies recognizing the Lys-ϵ-Gly-Gly (diGly) remnant from ubiquitinated proteins following trypsinolysis have provided a tool to address this question. We implemented an inducible loss of function approach in combination with quantitative diGly proteomics to find novel substrates of HUWE1 (HECT, UBA, and WWE domain containing 1, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase), an E3 ligase implicated in cancer and intellectual disabilities. diGly proteomics results led to the identification of DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) as a putative HUWE1 substrate. Cell-based assays demonstrated that HUWE1 interacts with and regulates ubiquitination and stability of DDIT4. Together these data suggest a model in which HUWE1 mediates DDIT4 proteasomal degradation. Our results demonstrate proof of concept that inducible knockdown of an E3 ligase in combination with diGly proteomics provides a potentially advantageous method for identifying novel E3 substrates that may help to identify candidates for therapeutic modulation in the UPS.
A Note on the Use of Self-Recording Audiometry with Children

Measurements of hearing acuity over the frequency range o • 5-6 kc. /sec. of 100 otologically normal children in the age range 6 | - i 6| years have been carried out using modified Rudmose A.R. J.4 audiometers having pulsed test tones. After rigorous rejection of unreliable audiograms it was found that nearly 90 per cent, of the children produced valid results. These children were divided into four age groups and their mean threshold data expressed relative to I.S. O. reference threshold and relative to the mean thresholds of two control groups. It is concluded that differences between self-recording and manual audiometry, although systematic, are generally quite small.
Goal disturbance, coping, and psychological distress in partners of myocardial infarction patients: Taking account of the dyad

Abstract This study aims to explore the relationship between goal disturbance and levels of psychological distress in partners of myocardial infarction (MI) patients. Furthermore, the role of partner and patient coping behaviour in the context of goal disturbance is explored. Forty dyads were interviewed and completed questionnaires 1 month (T1) and 4 months (T2) post MI. All patients were men. Patients and partners do not differ on anxiety or depression scores, however, patients experience significantly more higher order goal disturbance at T1. Partners reporting more goal disturbance also show increased distress at T1. More use of approach coping by partners contributes to explained variance in their goal disturbance. Partner avoidant coping is moderated by patient avoidant coping. Approaches to reduce distress in partners should thus take account of goal disturbance and coping behaviours within the dyad.