Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictors and Prevalence of Successful Aging among Older Malaysians

Background: Successful aging is an important and worldwide concept in gerontology. However, until recently, there has been very little known about successful aging in Malaysia. This study was designed to describe the prevalence and correlates of successful aging among older Malaysians. Methods: Data for this study were obtained from the national survey ‘The Mental Health and Quality of Life of Older Malaysians’. For this study, successful aging was defined based on a multidimensional model, encompassing the avoidance of chronic disease and physical functioning difficulty, and maintenance of good psychocognitive functioning. Results: The prevalence of successful aging among older Malaysians was calculated at 13.8% (CI: 12.6–15.1). Results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age, educational attainment, household income, and ethnicity were significantly associated with successful aging. Conclusion: Results of this study show that successful agers were more likely to be among the younger age, ethnic Chinese, and those with a higher education level and household income, after adjusting for all other variables in the model.
Red Imported Fire Ant Impacts on Wildlife: A Decade of Research

Abstract The negative impacts of biological invasion are economically and ecologically significant and, while incompletely quantified, they are clearly substantial. Ants (family Formicidae) are an important, although often overlooked, component of many terrestrial ecosystems. Six species of ants are especially striking in their global ability to invade, and their impacts. This paper focuses on the impacts of the most destructive of those species, the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta), and focuses on impacts on native vertebrates. Red imported fire ants often become the dominant ant species in infested areas outside of their native range due to their aggressive foraging behavior, high reproductive capability and lack of predators and/or other strong competitors. The evidence suggests that mammals, birds and herpetofauna are vulnerable to negative impacts from fire ants, and some species are more likely to experience negative population-level impacts than other species. Assessing the ecological impacts of fire ants on wild animal populations is logistically difficult, and very few studies have combined replicated experimental manipulation with adequate spatial (>10 ha) and temporal (>1 y) scale. Thus, most studies have been observational, opportunistic, small-scale or 'natural' experiments. However, significant research, including an increase in experimental and mechanistic investigations, has occurred during the past decade, and this has led to information that can lead to better management of potentially affected species.
Response time of magnetorheological fluids and magnetorheological valves under various flow conditions

In this study, the response times of magnetorheological fluids and magnetorheological fluid valves are studied under various flow configurations. Two types of valving geometries, annular flow and radial flow, are considered in the magnetorheological fluid valve designs. The transient pressure responses of magnetorheological fluid valves are evaluated using a diaphragm pump with a constant volume flow rate. The performance of each magnetorheological valve is characterized using a voltage step input as well as a current step input while recording the activation electric voltage/current, magnetic flux density, and pressure drop as a function of time. The variation of the response time of the magnetorheological valves under constant volume flow rate is experimentally investigated. The Maxwell model with a time constant is employed to describe the field-induced pressure behavior of magnetorheological fluid under a steady flow. The results demonstrate that the pressure response times of the magnetorheological fluid and the magnetorheological valves depend on the designs of the electric parameters and the valve geometry. Magnetorheological valves with annular flow geometry have a slower falling response time compared to their rising response time. Magnetorheological valves with radial flow geometry demonstrate faster pressure response times both in rising and in falling states.
5 Intraepithelial Neoplasia of Breast

The early proliferative lesions of the breast have taken on greater significance as a result of mammographic screening and the use of even more sensitive imaging technologies. The intraductal proliferative lesions of the breast are a group of cytologically and architecturally diverse proliferations, typically originating from the terminal duct-lobular unit and confined to the mammary duct-lobular system. In this chapter we considere the most important of these lesions, lobular carcinoma in situ and ductal carcinoma in situ.
Prevalence and Correlates of Misconduct Among Ethnically Diverse Adolescents of Native Hawaiian/Part-Hawaiian and Non-Hawaiian Ancestry

Background: Research on the prevalence and correlates of adolescent misconduct, arrests, and juvenile delinquency has been greatly neglected for the ethnically diverse adolescent groups in Hawai‘i (i.e. Asian Americans, Pacific Islanders). Aims: The aims of the present study are three-fold: (1) to determine whether there are differential rates of adolescent misconduct based on ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic (SES) factors; (2) on an exploratory basis, to ascertain the demographic, social-cultural, psychological-psychiatric, and school-related correlates of misconduct, with some focus on cultural identification; and (3) to derive a parsimonious model of the correlates for an ethnically diverse group of adolescents by disentangling cultural identification from other variables including ethnicity. Methods: Data were analyzed from the Native Hawaiian Mental Health Research Development Program, consisting of 2,732 Asian/Pacific Islander youths. Misconduct was operationally defined as ‘was arrested or got in serious trouble with the law' within the past six months via adolescent self-report. Of added importance were the inclusion of a valid measure of Hawaiian cultural identification and actual school data. Results: Significantly higher rates were obtained for Native Hawaiians, males, and adolescents whose main wage earners' educational attainment was at the high school level or less. Absences may be a more important marker for females than males in the prediction of arrests and serious trouble with the law. The most parsimonious model of self-reported arrests/serious trouble with the law consisted of four variables in the following order of importance: substance use, actual grade-point average, aggressive symptoms, and gender. Conclusion: This is one of the first major studies to examine the prevalence and risk-protective factors of misconduct for adolescents of Asian/Pacific Islander ancestry, and the first to include a valid measure of cultural identification and actual school data. The findings indicated that gender-specific prevention and intervention programs are needed. However, the issues are also complex whereby the use of substances, school performance, and aggression must be taken into account in deriving successful programs. The lack of sustained association between culturally based factors (e.g., ethnicity, Hawaiian cultural identifi-cation) and misconduct in the final parsimonious model suggested that the culturally based variables are not direct causes of misconduct, but rather correlates of misconduct that are over-shadowed by more substantive factors, such as substance use and academic performance, the latter being variables that must be addressed for youths across the United States. The present results reaffirmed the common correlates of misconduct across different ethnic groups. Further research is needed in the causal relationships among these important associations with misconduct.
Evaluation of repair welding procedures for 2.25Cr–1Mo and 9Cr–1Mo steel welds

Abstract Chromium–molybdenum steels are extensively used in the steam generator circuits of power plants. These components may require welding of the cracks that can develop during fabrication, storage, and transportation stages, or during the service life of the plant. This investigation compares repair welding methods for Cr–Mo steels, using 2.25Cr–1Mo and 9Cr–1Mo materials. To simulate aging during service, welds were heat treated at 873 K for 5000 h. Simulated repair welding of the aged welds was carried out at the weld/base metal interface, i.e. at the location at which cracks are usually reported to occur during service. Two repair welding methods (half bead and butter bead temper bead methods) conforming to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code were used. Tensile properties, hardness profiles, and X-ray diffraction based residual stress distributions were determined for both the Cr–Mo steel welds to evaluate the simulated repair welds. Analysis of the test results showed that both the repair welding methods can be used for 2.25Cr–1Mo steel welds, although the butter bead temper bead method is much more suitable for both the 2.25Cr–1Mo and 9Cr–1Mo steel welds.
Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering IMPROVEMENT OF LIPASE PRODUCTION AT DIFFERENT STIRRING SPEEDS AND OXYGEN LEVELS

Lipase production by a Brazilian wild strain of Yarrowia lipolytica at different stirring speeds and air flow rates was studied. The relationship among lipid consumption, cell growth and lipase production by this microorganism is presented. The most pronounced effect of oxygen on lipase production was determined by stirring speed. Maximum lipase activity was detected in the late stationary phase at 200 rpm and an air flow rate of 1-2 dm/min (0.8-1.7 vvm) when the lipid source had been fully consumed. Higher stirring speeds resulted in mechanical and/or oxidative stress, while lower stirring speeds seemed to limit oxygen levels. An increase in the availability of oxygen at higher air flow rates led to faster lipid uptake and anticipation of enzyme release into the culture medium. The highest lipase production was obtained at 200 rpm and 1 dm/min (0.8 vvm).
Genetic Diversity of Oilseed Rape Fields and Feral Populations in the Context of Coexistence with GM Crops

Despite growing concern about transgenes escaping from fields, few studies have analysed the genetic diversity of crops in an agroecosystem over several years. Accurate information about the dynamics and relationship of the genetic diversity of crops in an agroecosystem is essential for risk assessment and policies concerning the containment of genetically modified crops and their coexistence with crops grown by conventional practices. Here, we analysed the genetic diversity of oilseed rape plants from fields and feral populations over 4 years in an agricultural landscape of 41 km2. We used exact compatibility and maximum likelihood assignment methods to assign these plants to cultivars. Even pure lines and hybrid cultivar seed lots contained several genotypes. The cultivar diversity in fields reflected the conventional view of agroecosystems quite well: that is, there was a succession of cultivars, some grown for longer than others because of their good performance, some used for one year and then abandoned, and others gradually adopted. Three types of field emerged: fields sown with a single cultivar, fields sown with two cultivars, and unassigned fields (too many cultivars or unassigned plants to reliably assign the field). Field plant diversity was higher than expected, indicating the persistence of cultivars that were grown for only one year. The cultivar composition of feral populations was similar to that of field plants, with an increasing number of cultivars each year. By using genetic tools, we found a link between the cultivars of field plants in a particular year and the cultivars of feral population plants in the following year. Feral populations on road verges were more diverse than those on path verges. All of these findings are discussed in terms of their consequences in the context of coexistence with genetically modified crops.
Trpv5/6 is vital for epithelial calcium uptake and bone formation

Calcium is an essential ion serving a multitude of physiological roles. Aside from its role as a second messenger, it is an essential component of the vertebrate bone matrix. Efficient uptake and storage of calcium are therefore indispensable for all vertebrates. Transient receptor potential family, vanilloid type (TRPV)5 and TRPV6 channels are known players in transcellular calcium uptake, but the exact contribution of this pathway is unclear. We used forward genetic screening in zebrafish (Danio rerio) to identify genes essential in bone formation and identified a lethal zebrafish mutant (matt‐und‐schlapp) with severe defects in bone formation, including lack of ossification of the vertebral column and craniofacial structures. Mutant embryos show a 68% reduction in calcium content, and systemic calcium homeostasis is disturbed when compared with siblings. The phenotype can be partially rescued by increasing ambient calcium levels to 25 mM. We identified the mutation as a loss‐of‐function mutation in the single orthologue of TRPV5 and 6, trpv5/6. Expression in HEK293 cells showed that Trpv5/6 is a calcium‐selective channel capable of inward calcium transport at physiological concentrations whereas the mutant channel is not. Taken together, this study provides both genetic and functional evidence that transcellular epithelial calcium uptake is vital to sustain life and enable bone formation. —Vanoevelen, J., Janssens, A. , Huitema, L. F. A. , Hammond, C. L. , Metz, J. R. , Flik, G. , Voets, T. , Schulte‐Merker, S. Trpv5/6 is vital for epithelial calcium uptake and bone formation. FASEB J. 25, 3197‐3207 (2011). www.fasebj. org
Neurodevelopmental liabilities in schizophrenia and affective disorders

There is now considerable evidence that both schizophrenia and affective disorders have their origin at least in part in events that occur during early pre-and post-natal development. In the case of schizophrenia, many observations, for example, increased risk for schizophrenia in the offspring of mothers who had influenza A during their second trimester of pregnancy and evidence for abnormal neuronal migration in the cerebral cortex of post mortem tissue from schizophrenic patients, suggest that a second trimester insult may have occurred and that this insult may have increased the risk for the development of schizophrenia in late adolescence or early adulthood. Animal studies have found that rats that undergo excitotoxic damage to the ventral hippocampus on postnatal day 7 develop exaggerated sensitivity to dopamine-stimulating drugs or to stressful stimuli that becomes apparent after sexual maturity but not before, providing a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia. Similarly, post-weaning social isolation leads to enhanced responses to dopaminergic drugs and to stress that emerges after sexual maturity. These animal models are proving to be valuable tools to study the neurobiological mechanisms mediating the influence of early insults to the nervous system on later behavioural functions. In the case of affective disorders, although the evidence is not as strong, a number of the same observations have been made suggesting that an insult during early ontogeny may lead to the development of affective disorders later in life. For example, retrospective studies of people with affective disorders showed that they were more likely to have attained motor milestones at a later age and to have had poorer academic performance as children. There is a wealth of evidence suggesting hyperfunctioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in affective disorders. Animal studies have shown that early maternal deprivation can lead to lasting changes in the reactivity of the HPA axis to stressful stimuli, providing another link from early experience to adult psychopathology. Continued studies of the effects of pre- and early post-natal events on the development of the nervous system and the relationships of these events to schizophrenia or affective disorder will provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying these common neuropsychiatric illnesses.
Risk Factors for Pulmonary Complications Following Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Background: Pulmonary complications following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are often associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, few reports have focused on evaluating intra- and post-operative independent risk factors for pulmonary complications following cardiac surgery with CPB. This study aimed to evaluate peri-operative independent risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications through investigating and analyzing 2056 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. Methods: From January 2005 to December 2012, the relevant pre-, intra-, and post-operative data of adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB in the department of cardiovascular surgery of Tongji Hospital of Tongji University in Shanghai were investigated and retrospectively analyzed. The independent risk factors for pulmonary complications following cardiac surgery with CPB were obtained through descriptive analysis and then logistic regression analysis. Results: One hundred and forty-three adult patients suffered from pulmonary complications following cardiac surgery with CPB, with an incidence of 6.96%. Through descriptive analysis and then logistic regression, independent risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications were as follows: older age (>65 years) (OR=3.31, 95%CI 1.71-7.13), preoperative congestive heart failure (OR=2.95, 95%CI 1.41-5.84), preoperative arterial oxygenation (PaO2) (OR=0.67, 95%CI 0.33-0.85), duration of CPB (OR=3.15, 95%CI 1.55-6.21), intra-operative phrenic nerve injury (OR=4.59, 95%CI 2.52-9.24), and postoperative acute kidney injury (OR=3.21, 95%CI 1.91-6.67). Postoperative pulmonary complication was not a risk factor for hospital death (OR=2.10, 95%CI 0.89-4.33). Conclusions: A variety of peri-operative factors increased the incidence of pulmonary complications following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.
Production and characterization of a functional Iranian white brined cheese by replacement of dairy fat with vegetable oils

Full-fat cheese usually contains high amounts of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which may have negative health effects. In this study, full-fat white brined cheese, as a control sample, and experimental cheeses with olive and canola oils (T1, white brined cheese containing 50% canola oil, T2, white brined cheese containing 50% olive oil, T3, white brined cheese containing 100% canola oil and T4, white brined cheese containing 100% olive oil) were prepared from bovine milk. Physicochemical properties, lipolysis, proteolysis patterns and sensorial properties in the prepared samples were determined during 80 days of storage at 20-day intervals. Cheese incorporating vegetable oils showed lower amounts of saturated fatty acids and higher amounts of unsaturated fatty acids compared with the full-fat cheese (control) samples. Moisture, pH, lipolysis value, as assessed by the acid-degree value, and proteolysis values (pH 4.6 SN/TN% and NPN/TN%) significantly (p < 0.05) were increased in all samples, whereas total titrable acidity decreased during 40 days of ripening but then increased slightly. Sensory properties of white brined cheese incorporating with vegetable oils were different from those of full-fat cheese samples. White brined cheese containing olive and canola oils (100% fat substitution) received better sensory scores compared to other samples. The results showed that it is possible to replace dairy fat with olive and canola oils, which can lead to produce a new healthy and functional white brined cheese.
Structural and functional relationships between the deep cerebellar nuclei and the brachium conjunctivum in the rhesus monkey

Numerous experimental investigations indicate that lesions involving the deep cerebellar nuclei or the cerebellofugal fibers contained in the brachium conjunctivum produce ataxia, ataxic tremor, asynergic phenomena and disturbances of equilibrium. The brachium conjunctivum is a complex bundle containing most of the known cerebellar efferent fibers, as well as certain specific afferent fibers. Although the ascending and descending projections of the brachium conjunctivum have recently been the subject of considerable study (Carrea and Mettler, '54, ' 5 5 ) , information concerning the relationship between the deep cerebellar nuclei and the efferent fibers of the brachium conjunctivum is far from complete. Such studies as have been done were largely based upon retrograde cell changes in animals (Jansen and Jansen, '55) or upon myelogenetic studies of human embryos (Bechterew, 1899 ; Winkler, '27).
Recrystallization of Extruded Profiles - Centre and Surface Areas

The present investigation has been dedicated to study the as-deformed and recrystallized microstructure and texture of extruded profiles. In the centre section of the profiles plane strain compression conditions were found to prevail, and textures consisting of the α- and β-fibres were found in the as-deformed material, while a strong Cube was found in the fully recrystallized material. At the surface the situation was found to be more complex. A close to random texture was found both in the as-deformed and the recrystallized material. In the recrystallized material, the grain size was seen to change over the cross section of the material. The largest grain size was found in the centre of the profiles.
Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling as an Evaluative Tool of Fenofibrate-Induced Toxicology in Fischer 344 Male Rats

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) agonists such as fenofibrate are used to treat dyslipidemia. Although fenofibrate is considered safe in humans, it is known to cause hepatocarcinogenesis in rodents. To evaluate untargeted metabolic profiling as a tool for gaining insight into the underlying pharmacology and hepatotoxicology, Fischer 344 male rats were dosed with 300 mg/kg/day of fenofibrate for 14 days and the urine and plasma were analyzed on days 2 and 14. A combination of liquid and gas chromatography mass spectrometry returned the profiles of 486 plasma and 932 urinary metabolites. Aside from known pharmacological effects, such as accelerated fatty acid β-oxidation and reduced plasma cholesterol, new observations on the drug’s impact on cellular metabolism were generated. Reductions in TCA cycle intermediates and biochemical evidence of lactic acidosis demonstrated that energy metabolism homeostasis was altered. Perturbation of the glutathione biosynthesis and elevation of oxidative stress markers were observed. Furthermore, tryptophan metabolism was up-regulated, resulting in accumulation of tryptophan metabolites associated with reactive oxygen species generation, suggesting the possibility of oxidative stress as a mechanism of nongenotoxic carcinogenesis. Finally, several metabolites related to liver function, kidney function, cell damage, and cell proliferation were altered by fenofibrate-induced toxicity at this dose.