Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing the diagnosis of white matter injury in premature newborns with serial MR imaging and transfontanel ultrasonography findings.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The accurate identification of white matter injury in premature neonates is important for counseling parents and for targeting these high risk neonates for appropriate rehabilitation services. The objective of this study was to compare the diagnosis of white matter injury detected by serial MR imaging and ultrasonography of a contemporary cohort of premature neonates. METHODS Each of the 32 consecutively enrolled neonates was studied with MR imaging at a median postconceptional age of 31.9 weeks (range, 27.6-38.1 weeks) and again at a median postconceptional age of 36.5 weeks (range, 33.4-42.9 weeks) and with serial ultrasonography according to a clinical protocol. Because periventricular echogenicity shown on ultrasonograms evolves over time, both the highest grade of echogenicity and the grade of echogenicity shown on the last neonatal ultrasonogram were used in the analysis to determine the predictive values and correlation (Spearman's rho) of ultrasonography for predicting white matter abnormalities shown on MR images. RESULTS White matter abnormalities were diagnosed in 18 (56%) neonates based on MR imaging, consisting of foci of scattered T1 hyperintensity in the periventricular white matter, and in 22 (69%) neonates based on ultrasonography, consisting of abnormal periventricular echogenicity. The severity of white matter abnormalities shown by MR imaging was not correlated with the highest grade of white matter abnormalities detected with ultrasonography (rho=0.18, P=.3) or with the grade of white matter abnormalities shown on the last ultrasonogram (rho = 0.16, P=.4). CONCLUSION Although ultrasonography is commonly used to screen premature neonates for white matter injury, it was not a sensitive predictor of the milder spectrum of MR imaging-defined white matter abnormalities.
A Cluster of Low-Redshift Lyα Clouds toward PKS 2155−304. I. Limits on Metals and D/H

We report observations from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and the VLA on the galactic environment, metallicity, and D/H in strong low-redshift Lyα absorption systems toward the bright BL Lac object PKS 2155-304. These studies are intended to clarify the origin and chemical evolution of gas at large distances from galaxies. With GHRS/G160M data at ∼20 km s-1 resolution, we detect a total of 14 Lyα absorbers, six of them clustered between cz = 16,100 and 18,500 km s-1. Although ORFEUS studies claimed Lyman continuum (Lyc) absorption at z ≈ 0.056 with N(H I) = (2–5) × 1016 cm-2, the Lyα data suggest a range, N(H I) = (3–10) × 1014 cm-2. Even higher columns, needed for consistency with the ORFEUS Lyc results, are possible if the Lyα line core at 17,000 ± 50 km s-1 contains narrow H I components. We identify the Lyα cluster with a group of five H I galaxies offset by 400–800 h kpc from the sight line. The two strongest absorption features cover the same velocity range as the H I emission in the two galaxies closest to the line of sight. If the Lyα is associated with these galaxies, they must have huge halos (400–500 h kpc) of highly turbulent, mostly ionized gas. The Lyα absorption could also arise from an extended sheet of intragroup gas, or from smaller primordial clouds and halos of dwarf galaxies. We see no absorption from Si III λ1206, C IV λ1548, or deuterium Lyα at the expected positions of the strongest Lyα absorbers. Photoionization models yield (4 σ) limits of (Si/H) ≤ 0.003(Si/H)☉, (C/H) ≤ 0.005(C/H)☉, and (D/H) ≤ 2.8 × 10-4 if N(H I) has the ORFEUS value of 2 × 1016 cm-2. The limits increase to 0.023 solar metallicity and D/H ≤ 2.8 × 10-3 if N(H I) is only 2 × 1015 cm-2. These limits can be improved with further studies by HST/STIS and measurements of the Lyc and higher Lyman series absorption by FUSE. However, the current data suggest that the intergalactic gas in this group has not been enriched to the levels suggested by X-ray studies of intracluster gas. Because of their low metallicity and large distance from galaxies, these absorbers could be primordial gas clouds.
International Journal for Equity in Health Open Access Gender in Medicine – an Issue for Women Only? a Survey of Physician Teachers' Gender Attitudes

Background: During the last decades research has disclosed gender differences and gender bias in different fields of academic and clinical medicine. Consequently, a gender perspective has been asked for in medical curricula and medical education. However, in reports about implementation attempts, difficulties and reluctance have been described. Since teachers are key persons when introducing new issues we surveyed physician teachers' attitudes towards the importance of gender in professional relations. We also analyzed if gender of the physician is related to these attitudes.
The Principle of ‘Correct Pronunciation’: Teaching English as a Foreign Language in the Early Twentieth Century

Abstract Pronunciation took root as a theoretically founded discipline under the auspices of the Reform Movement at the end of the nineteenth century. The legacy of the Movement can also be discerned in the numerous manuals for the teaching of English as a foreign or second language published at the beginning of the twentieth century. This paper aims to concentrate on one of the main principles promoted by the Movement, that is the primacy of speech, and consider how this principle was pursued through a practical methodology for the acquisition of ‘correct pronunciation’ in selected writings of some of the ‘pioneers’ in the developing English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching field both in Europe and overseas. The analysis in this paper also aims to show how these applied linguists ante litteram had to gauge their prescriptive intentions of conveying appropriate pronunciation norms against the backdrop of new educational contexts and explore alternative avenues.
Intake of a fermented soymilk beverage containing moderate levels of isoflavone aglycones enhances bioavailability of isoflavones in healthy premenopausal Japanese women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose, crossover trial

This study aimed to investigate the bioavailability of serum isoflavones after the intake of soymilk fermented by Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota containing 32.5% isoflavone aglycones (FSM) or placebo soymilk containing no isoflavone aglycones (SM). In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose, crossover trial, 7 healthy premenopausal Japanese women (mean age: 35.3 ± 11.0) consumed FSM or SM on day 1 and crossed over to the other soymilk after a 6-day washout period. Serum isoflavones in blood samples collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hr after intake were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The area under the curve (AUC) values for the serum concentrations of genistein and total isoflavones were significantly higher, by about 1.4-fold, up to 5 hr after FSM intake compared with SM intake (each p<0.05), and that of daidzein tended to be higher after FSM intake. In addition, AUC analysis of total isoflavones for individual subjects revealed that 5 out of 7 subjects had higher AUC values after FSM intake compared with SM intake and that the 2 remaining subjects had similar AUC values. These 2 subjects had higher AUC values after SM intake (mean, 2,502 ± 348) than those of the other subjects (mean, 1,158 ± 269). These results indicate that the bioavailability of isoflavones, especially genistein, is enhanced after the intake of FSM containing 32.5% isoflavone aglycones compared with intake of SM containing no isoflavone aglycones and that the enhancement is observed in healthy premenopausal Japanese women whose isoflavone absorption capacity is low after SM intake.
The Paradox of Controversial Innovation: Insights From the Rise of Impressionism

This article considers the strategies developed by a coalition of innovators and supporters to contribute to the consecration of a controversial innovation that transgresses the established codes. It does so through the analysis of Impressionism (1874–1900) that provoked a dramatic shift from classical to modern art. The case study suggests that such consecration can be achieved while claiming the distinctiveness of the controversial innovation, instead of toning it down. The findings reveal the importance of distributed strategies developed by loosely coordinated coalition members. More specifically, they point to simultaneous, and potentially contradictory, strategies: strategies aimed to enforce the distinctiveness of this controversial innovation, and strategies aimed to extend support for it, insisting that contradictory tensions between those strategies can prove useful in achieving consecration. Overall, the article contributes to research on the consecration of controversial innovations, as well as to the literature on framing and brokerage.
SN 2008S: A COOL SUPER-EDDINGTON WIND IN A SUPERNOVA IMPOSTOR

We present visual-wavelength photometry and spectroscopy of supernova (SN) 2008S. Based on the low peak luminosity for a SN of MR = −13.9 mag, photometric and spectral evolution unlike that of low-luminosity SNe, a late-time decline rate slower than 56Co decay, and slow outflow speeds of 600–1000 km s−1, we conclude that SN 2008S is not a true core-collapse SN and is probably not an electron-capture SN. Instead, we show that SN 2008S more closely resembles an “SN impostor” event like SN 1997bs, analogous to the giant eruptions of luminous blue variables (LBVs). Its total radiated energy was ∼1047.8 erg, and it may have ejected 0.05–0.2 M☉ in the event. We discover an uncanny similarity between the spectrum of SN 2008S and that of the Galactic hypergiant IRC+10420, which is dominated by narrow Hα, [Ca ii], and Ca ii emission lines formed in an opaque wind. We propose a scenario where the vastly super-Eddington (Γ ≈ 40) wind of SN 2008S partly fails because of reduced opacity due to recombination, as suggested for IRC+10420. The range of initial masses susceptible to eruptive LBV-like mass loss was known to extend down to 20–25 M☉, but estimates for the progenitor of SN 2008S (and the similar NGC 300 transient) may extend this range to ≲15 M☉. As such, SN 2008S may have implications for the progenitor of SN 1987A.
Narratives of Negotiation and Transformation: Women's Experiences within a Mixed-Gendered Gym

ABSTRACT Those within the fitness industry claim that gyms provide accessible space for women (of certain economic status) to engage in activities that will increase their health. As such, gyms are marketed as safe, inclusive, and empowering spaces. Yet when viewing gym spaces through a feminist-informed lens, it becomes clear that gyms are not always innocuous spaces. They often reflect and perpetuate gendered power relations and highly prescribed cultural expectations for femininity around women's bodies, appearances, strength, and abilities. This narrative inquiry sought to illuminate women's gendered experiences within a for-profit mixed-gendered gym space. Through the use of unstructured life story interviews, this research highlights the dominant gendered expectations that women perceived within the gym and how these expectations influence women's gym use. The narratives also exposed several ways that gyms can be changed in order to facilitate more positive gym experiences for women.
Physical education teaching as a caring act—techniques of bodily touch and the paradox of caring

ABSTRACT In this article, we investigate ‘no touch policies’ as a practical teacher concern that includes the body as a location, a source and a means in educational activity. We argue that to understand issues regarding physical touch within school practice we must conceive it as deeply associated with specific teaching techniques. Thus, the didactical challenge is not found in argumentations about the pro and cons of physical touch, but through analysis of how teachers handle student interaction and teaching intentions. We consider teaching as a caring profession. Caring, as a practical teacher concern, requires wisdom regarding the right time to use bodily touch and to refrain from such use. This wisdom involves the ability to discern people’s needs, desires, interests and purposes in particular situations and act appropriately. From a body pedagogical perspective we approach intergenerational touch not only as a discursive and power-related question but as an essential tension in the intersection of the; ambiguity attendant to any intentional act such as teaching, the conflict between the ethics of care and the ethics of justice, and finally, the paradox of caring. We draw on interviews with PE-teachers in Swedish primary, secondary and upper-secondary schools and analyses of a collection of techniques of bodily touch that are established and practiced with specific pedagogical purposes. The results shows PE teacher’s competence in handling different functions of intergenerational touch in relation to three different techniques of bodily touch; (1) Security touch, which is characterized by intentions to handle the fragile; (2) Denoting touch, which is characterized by intentions to handle learning content and (3) Relational touch, which is characterized by caring intentions. Each of these is of importance for the teachers in carrying out their call to teach and each of these relies on professional assessments whether or not it meets its intended purpose.
Skills in Handling Turbuhaler, Diskus, and Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhaler in Korean Asthmatic Patients

Purpose The objective of this study was to evaluate skills in handling inhalers and factors associated with these skills among patients with asthma who had undergone treatment at special asthma and allergy clinics in Korea. Methods We enrolled 78 subjects who used Turbuhaler and 145 who used Diskus for asthma control at special clinics in 10 university hospitals and visually assessed their skills in handling these inhalers. We also evaluated skills in 137 subjects who had used pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) for symptom relief. Age, sex, duration of asthma and inhaler use, smoking status, monthly income, highest grade completed in school and previous instruction for handling inhalers were also measured to evaluate their association with overall inhaler skills. Results Performance grade was inadequate for 12.8% of participants using Turbuhaler, 6.2% for Diskus, and 23.4% for pMDIs. The success rates for each step in handling the inhalers were relatively high except for the "exhale slowly to residual volume" step, in which success rates ranged from 24.2% to 28.5%. Older age, male sex, lower educational grade, and absence of previous instruction for handling inhalers were associated with inadequate inhaler technique in univariate analysis; however, only older age and absence of previous instruction remained significant independent risk factors in multivariate analysis. Conclusions Among Korean asthmatic patients in special asthma and allergy clinics, skills in handling their inhalers were mostly excellent; meanwhile, older age and absence of previous instruction for handling inhalers were associated with inadequate techniques.
The myogenic response: established facts and attractive hypotheses.

The myogenic response of small arteries and arterioles has been shown to contribute significantly to autoregulation in different vascular beds. It is characterized by a constriction of the vessel after an increase of transmural pressure and a dilation of the vessel after a decrease of transmural pressure. This review examines the evidence for the mechanisms of the myogenic response, with the aim of distinguishing between facts and hypotheses. It appears to be established that the myogenic response is stimulated by an alteration of vessel wall tension, that it does not require the presence of the endothelium and, for pressure increases, that it is accompanied by a membrane depolarization and an increase of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, which depends largely on an influx of extracellular calcium via voltage-operated calcium channels. Under in vitro conditions, it may further be considered an established fact that the myogenic response can be modulated by transmitters, like noradrenaline, and factors released from the endothelium upon its activation. In contrast, many other aspects of the myogenic response remain hypothetical. Thus, the mechanism of the depolarization, its importance for the development of the myogenic response, the participation of other pathways for calcium influx, and the role of an intracellular calcium release in the myogenic response are still under debate. Furthermore, the participation of a variety of intracellular second messenger systems in the myogenic response, i.e. inositol trisphosphate, diacylglycerol, phospholipase A2, protein kinase C or 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, is still unclear. Additionally, the roles of the pulsatility of the blood pressure and of remote signals from neighbouring vessel segments as well as of different metabolites are not clarified. This review suggests that while the primary mechanisms of the myogenic response are well understood, the details of the signalling pathways are still undefined. The clinical significance of the myogenic response remains to be determined.
Microbiology, ecology, and application of the nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation process

Nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-damo), which couples the anaerobic oxidation of methane to denitrification, is a recently discovered process mediated by “Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera. ” M. oxyfera is affiliated with the “NC10” phylum, a phylum having no members in pure culture. Based on the isotopic labeling experiments, it is hypothesized that M. oxyfera has an unusual intra-aerobic pathway for the production of oxygen via the dismutation of nitric oxide into dinitrogen gas and oxygen. In addition, the bacterial species has a unique ultrastructure that is distinct from that of other previously described microorganisms. M. oxyfera-like sequences have been recovered from different natural habitats, suggesting that the n-damo process potentially contributes to global carbon and nitrogen cycles. The n-damo process is a process that can reduce the greenhouse effect, as methane is more effective in heat-trapping than carbon dioxide. The n-damo process, which uses methane instead of organic matter to drive denitrification, is also an economical nitrogen removal process because methane is a relatively inexpensive electron donor. This mini-review summarizes the peculiar microbiology of M. oxyfera and discusses the potential ecological importance and engineering application of the n-damo process.
The privacy paradox: how market privacy facilitates government surveillance

ABSTRACT Although most surveillance studies scholars assume privacy is antithetical to surveillance, critics have recently warned that privacy-based criticisms may facilitate surveillance. That being said, we do not yet have data that show whether privacy claims were used in the past to legitimate government surveillance. This paper addresses that gap by analyzing claims made over one of the U.S.’s most controversial surveillance issues: government control over encryption technologies. A review of Congressional hearings and statements on the Congressional Record (n = 112) reveals that from 1993 to 1999, public debates were dominated by a market liberalization discourse in which participants supported loosening encryption controls as a way to protect privacy from criminal intrusions in market transactions. Also playing a role was a strong skepticism toward government power and a preference for markets as managers of crime prevention. Challenged by these critiques, lawmakers withdrew regulatory proposals and spent the following decade working quietly with private firms to ensure law enforcement surveillance capability. These findings show the expansion of privacy for consumers and entrepreneurs has in fact been used to achieve the contraction of privacy from law enforcement and intelligence agencies.
Appetitive and Consummatory Male Sexual Behavior in Japanese Quail Are Differentially Regulated by Subregions of the Preoptic Medial Nucleus

Central testosterone aromatization is required for the activation of both appetitive (ASB) and consummatory (CSB) male sexual behavior in Japanese quail. There are two major clusters of aromatase immunoreactive (ARO-ir) cells in the rostral forebrain; these outline the nucleus preopticus medialis (POM) and the nucleus striae terminalis (BST). We investigated the role of these nuclei in the regulation of ASB and CSB. Appetitive male sexual behavior was measured with the use of a learned social proximity procedure that quantified the time spent by a male in front of a window with a view of a female who was subsequently released into the cage, providing an opportunity for CSB. Males first acquired the response and then received bilateral electrolytic lesions aimed at the POM or BST, followed by retesting for ASB and CSB. Brain sections were stained for ARO-ir, and lesions to the two ARO-ir cell groups were quantitatively characterized. Lesions damaging the POM completely abolished CSB and also significantly decreased ASB. Lesions of the rostral BST had no effect on ASB, but moderately decreased CSB. Detailed anatomical analysis revealed that lesions of a subdivision of the POM just rostral to the anterior commissure specifically impair CSB, whereas lesions that are more rostral to this subdivision induce a severe deficit in ASB. These data indicate that different subregions of the POM regulate ASB and CSB in a somewhat independent manner, whereas the BST is only important in the regulation of CSB.
Role Variability in Self-Organizing Teams Working in Crisis Management

Crisis management teams face situations characterized by high risk, time pressure, and uncertainty and must adapt to a wide range of circumstances. Self-organizing teams have been proposed as an alternative to more traditional functional teams as they are described as adaptive and promptly reconfigurable. This study investigated whether self-organizing teams display more role flexibility than functional teams and the impact on performance and coordination. Teams were assigned to either a functional or a self-organizing structure and completed scenarios in a functional simulation. Results revealed that self-organizing teams performed and coordinated better than functional teams. As expected, self-organizing teams showed more role variability across and within teams. However, greater variability in role allocation within teams was associated with poorer performance and coordination. We conclude that flexibility in roles can be beneficial but that too much variability can be associated with role ambiguity and negatively affect a team’s ability to achieve its goals.