Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Making Connections: Replicating and Extending the Utility Value Intervention in the Classroom

We replicated and extended prior research investigating a theoretically guided intervention based on expectancy-value theory designed to enhance student learning outcomes (e.g., Hulleman & Harackiewicz, 2009). First, we replicated prior work by demonstrating that the utility value intervention, which manipulated whether students made connections between the course material and their lives, increased both interest and performance of low-performing students in a college general education course. Second, we extended prior research by both measuring and manipulating one possible pathway of intervention effects: the frequency with which students make connections between the material and their lives. In Study 1, we measured connection frequency and found that making more connections was positively related to expecting to do well in the course, valuing the course material, and continuing interest. In Study 2, we manipulated connection frequency by developing an enhanced utility value intervention designed to increase the frequency with which students made connections. The results indicated that students randomly assigned to either utility value intervention, compared with the control condition, subsequently became more confident that they could learn the material, which led to increased course performance. The utility value interventions were particularly effective for the lowest-performing students. Compared with those in the control condition who showed a steady decline in performance across the semester, low-performing male students randomly assigned to the utility value conditions increased their performance across the semester. The difference between the utility value and control conditions for low-performing male students was strongest on the final exam (d = .76).
Integrating Stateful Services in Workflow

Long running business processes require composition of services for task accomplishment. BPEL provide a mechanism to model business workflow among collaborating Web Services distributed across organizations. For effective execution and consistent outcomes from such composite services in a loosely coupled environment, management of state, transaction, notification and execution monitoring are the key requirements. After the emergence of WS-RF, stateful Web services have become integral part of Grid environment. Grid supports execution monitoring, resource sharing, integration and management of large-scale applications. Such capabilities are the backbone for any large-scale enterprise applications. Process oriented workflow execution in a grid environment with the support to manage state, transaction and notification is a challenging issue. In this paper we have proposed architecture to achieve integration of stateful services for a grid workflow. Development of stateful services is based on WS-RF specification to build services to support state management, transaction, notification and execution monitoring of a business process in a large-scale grid environment.
Efficient simulation of tail probabilities of sums of dependent random variables

We study asymptotically optimal simulation algorithms for approximating the tail probability of P(e X 1 +⋯+ e X d >u) as u→∞. The first algorithm proposed is based on conditional Monte Carlo and assumes that (X 1,…,X d ) has an elliptical distribution with very mild assumptions on the radial component. This algorithm is applicable to a large class of models in finance, as we demonstrate with examples. In addition, we propose an importance sampling algorithm for an arbitrary dependence structure that is shown to be asymptotically optimal under mild assumptions on the marginal distributions and, basically, that we can simulate efficiently (X 1,…,X d |X j >b) for large b. Extensions that allow us to handle portfolios of financial options are also discussed.
Partial Mixture Model for Tight Clustering in Exploratory Gene Expression Analysis

In this paper we demonstrate the inherent robustness of minimum distance estimator that makes it a potentially powerful tool for parameter estimation in gene expression time course analysis. To apply minimum distance estimator to gene expression clustering, a partial mixture model that can naturally incorporate replicate information and allow scattered genes is formulated specially for tight clustering. Recently tight clustering was proposed as a response for obtaining tighter and thus more informative clusters in gene expression studies. We provide interesting results through data fitting when compared with maximum likelihood estimator using simulated data. The experiments on real gene expression data validated our proposed partial regression clustering algorithm. Our aim is to provide interpretations, discussions and examples that serve as resources for future research.
The Application of Factorial Surveys in General Population Samples: The Effects of Respondent Age and Education on Response Times and Response Consistency

Over the last decade, there has been a marked increase in the number of studies on attitude and decision research which use the factorial survey (FS) design. The FS integrates experimental set-ups into a survey: respondents react to hypothetical descriptions (vignettes) while the values of each attribute (dimension) of these descriptions systematically vary in order to estimate their impact on respondent judgments. As the vignettes are based on a number of dimensions and as respondents evaluate several vignettes, FSs are demanding in terms of individual cognitive and information-processing abilities. So far, there is little empirical knowledge of whether and to what extent this complexity is feasible in general population samples with heterogeneous respondents. Using data from a study on the fairness of earnings (with a mixed mode sample consisting a computer assisted personal interview [CAPI], computer assisted self interview [CASI], and paper and pencil [PAPI] mode), the complexity of FSs is analyzed in terms of: 1) design dimensions, such as the number of vignette dimensions (five, eight, or 12) and the number of vignettes for single respondents (10, 20, or 30), which were varied in a 3x3 experimental design; and 2) respondent characteristics that are associated with cognitive abilities (age and education). Two different indicators for cognitive load as well as learning and fatigue effects are analyzed: 1) latency time and 2) response consistency. The results show that raw reaction times but not latency times are longer for older respondents, suggesting that the cognitive effort needed for the evaluation of vignettes is not particularly high. Consistency measures reveal that respondents with a lower educational level show greater inconsistency in their evaluations when the number of vignettes is high. The number of dimensions has an effect on consistency only when respondents have to rate a large number of vignettes. In short, the results demonstrate that FSs are applicable in general population samples but should be used with a limited number of vignettes and dimensions per respondent.
A RING/DISK/OUTFLOW SYSTEM ASSOCIATED WITH W51 NORTH: A VERY MASSIVE STAR IN THE MAKING

Sensitive and high angular resolution (∼0.″4) SO2[222,20 → 221,21] and SiO[5 → 4] line and 1.3 and 7 mm continuum observations made with the Submillimeter Array (SMA) and the Very Large Array (VLA) toward the young massive cluster W51 IRS2 are presented. We report the presence of a large (of about 3000 AU) and massive (40 M☉) dusty circumstellar disk and a hot gas molecular ring around a high-mass protostar or a compact small stellar system associated with W51 North. The simultaneous observations of the silicon monoxide molecule, an outflow gas tracer, further revealed a massive (200 M☉) and collimated (∼14°) outflow nearly perpendicular to the dusty and molecular structures suggesting thus the presence of a single very massive protostar with a bolometric luminosity on the order of 105 L☉. A molecular hybrid local thermodynamic equilibrium model of a Keplerian and infalling disk with an inner cavity and a central stellar mass of more than 60 M☉ agrees well with the SO2[222,20 → 221,21] line observations. Finally, these results suggest that mechanisms, such as mergers of low- and intermediate-mass stars, might not be necessary for forming very massive stars.
DEFORMATION MECHANISMS IN NI-BASE DISK SUPERALLOYS AT HIGHER TEMPERATURES

This paper presents results from a research initiative aimed at investigating high temperature creep deformation mechanisms in Ni-base superalloys through a combination of creep experiments, TEM deformation mechanism characterization, and state of the art modeling techniques. The effect of microstructure on dictating creep rate controlling deformation mechanisms was revealed for specimens with a bimodal �� size distribution that possessed different secondary �� size, tertiary �� volume fraction, and � channel width spacing. It was found that the less creep resistant microstructure was the one with a greater secondary �� size, wider � channel width, and higher volume fraction of tertiary �� . Deformation in this microstructure commences by way of
Sensitivity of Antarctic phytoplankton species to ocean acidification: Growth, carbon acquisition, and species interaction

Despite the fact that ocean acidification is considered to be especially pronounced in the Southern Ocean, little is known about CO2‐dependent physiological processes and the interactions of Antarctic phytoplankton key species. We therefore studied the effects of CO2 partial pressure (PCO2) (16.2, 39.5, and 101.3 Pa) on growth and photosynthetic carbon acquisition in the bloom‐forming species Chaetoceros debilis, Pseudo‐nitzschia subcurvata, Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, and Phaeocystis antarctica. Using membrane‐inlet mass spectrometry, photosynthetic O2 evolution and inorganic carbon (Ci) fluxes were determined as a function of CO2 concentration. Only the growth of C. debilis was enhanced under high PCO2. Analysis of the carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) revealed the operation of very efficient CCMs (i.e., high Ci affinities) in all species, but there were species‐specific differences in CO2‐dependent regulation of individual CCM components (i.e., CO2 and uptake kinetics, carbonic anhydrase activities). Gross CO2 uptake rates appear to increase with the cell surface area to volume ratios. Species competition experiments with C. debilis and P. subcurvata under different PCO2 levels confirmed the CO2‐stimulated growth of C. debilis observed in monospecific incubations, also in the presence of P. subcurvata. Independent of PCO2, high initial cell abundances of P. subcurvata led to reduced growth rates of C. debilis. For a better understanding of future changes in phytoplankton communities, CO2‐sensitive physiological processes need to be identified, but also species interactions must be taken into account because their interplay determines the success of a species.
PSIKOLOGI PENDIDIKAN DAN ILMU MENGAJAR

Educational psychology is the science of knowledge-that talks about human behavior in the teaching-learning process, and he has a close relationship with science teaching. Where in the process of teaching, educators are required to have adequate knowledge of the material being taught, and also mastered the different methods of delivery so that what is delivered is understandable and easily understood by students. So mastery of educational psychology (educational psychology) is a demand for educators. As defined educational psychology is simply a science which studies human behavior that takes place in the teaching-learning process. While teaching is defined as an activity to organize or manage the environment as well as possible and connect with the child, resulting in a process of learning. In the teaching-learning process, educators should pay attention to the students, the rate of growth and the individual differences that exist between them. As the experts in this case the pupils to classify three types: (1) Type of auditory, easy to accept the lesson by hearing. (2) Type Visual, easy merima learning through sight. (3) Type of methodical, easy to accept the lesson through the motions.
The Use of Wavelet Analysis to Denoising of Electrocardiography Signal.

The electrocardiography examination, due to its accessibility and simplicity, has an important role in diagnostics of the heart ailments. It enables quick detection of various heart defects, undetectable by other kinds of diagnostic tools, so it is very popular. Nevertheless, the measured signal is exposed to a different disturbances. Among them, the electromagnetic interferences, drift of reference electrode and high frequency noises occurring during the measure, should be included. The frequencies spectrum of the noise overlap the spectrum of the electrocardiography signal, which makes impossible to use a classical filters. In the human’s diagnosis, a high quality of the signal is of a great importance. Therefore, in this paper, an optimal wavelet denoising algorithm for electrocardiography signal is presented. The simulation shows that the use of wavelet analysis during the filtration process allows to remove effectively the noise from the electrocardiography signal, without losing an important information and also improves the quality of the signal. To obtain an unambiguous evaluation of wavelet denoising algorithms the signal-to-noiseratio (SNR), mean square error (MSE), and correlation coefficient were used simultaneously. What is more, a fit coefficient, determining the relation between original and denoised signal, were developed. The best results were achieved with coif5 wavelet basis with 7 decomposition level, heursure thresholding algorithm and sln rescaling function.
A distribution model of the responses to each depressive symptom item in a general population: a cross-sectional study

Objective Some researchers have reported that distribution of total depressive symptom scores in the general population may follow an exponential pattern except at the lowest end of the scores. To understand the mechanism responsible for this phenomenon, we investigated the mathematical patterns of the individual distributions for each item of a depressive symptom scale. Methods We analysed data from 32 022 participants in the general population who participated in the Active Survey of Health and Welfare, Japan. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Japanese version of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). CES-D has 20 items, each of which is scored in 4 grades: ‘Rarely’, ‘Some’, ‘Much’ and ‘Most of the time’. Results The individual distributions of 16 negative items belonging to the depressive mood, somatic symptoms and retarded activities, and interpersonal relations categories, followed a common mathematical pattern, which displayed different distributions with a boundary at ‘Some’. The distributions for the 16 items between ‘Rarely’ and ‘Some’ appeared to cross at a single point. On the other hand, the distributions of the 16 items between ‘Some’ and ‘Most’ followed a linear pattern when plotted using a log-normal scale. The remaining 4 items in the positive affect subscale showed non-specific patterns. Conclusions The common mathematical pattern of the 16 negative item distributions may contribute to the exponential pattern of the distribution of total depressive symptom scores except at the lowest end of the scores.
Highly birefringent octagonal shaped photonic crystal fiber with two zero dispersion wavelengths in Ti:Sapphire oscillator range

A simple octagonal photonic crystal fiber (OPCF) is proposed to have simultaneously two zero dispersion wavelengths (ZDWs), high birefringence, large nonlinear coefficient and low confinement loss. The finite element method (FEM) with perfectly matched layer boundary condition is used for the simulation of the presented OPCF. It demonstrates to a fact that for optimum design parameters this OPCF exhibits two ZDWs at 0.84 μm and 1.31 μm for fast axis and at 0.98 μm and 1.36 μm for slow axis, respectively. Moreover, high birefringence of 2.04×10<sup>−2</sup>, large nonlinear coefficient of 33 W<sup>−1</sup>km<sup>−1</sup> and low confinement loss about 0.0003965 dB/km are obtained at 1.55 μm. The proposed fiber may have important applications in supercontinuum generation, optical parametric amplification and four-wave mixing.
The Effects of Goal Origin and Implementation Intentions on Goal Commitment, Effort, and Performance

ABSTRACT Self-set goals, selected by students for themselves, have known motivational benefits leading to increased autonomy and intrinsic motivation. In spite of the motivational benefits, students often fail to accomplish self-set goals because they lack the social motivator ascribed to assigned goals. The purpose of this research was to investigate methods of increasing students' commitments to self-set goals using implementation intentions: plans for when, where, and how to work toward a goal. The results of two studies revealed that implementation intentions increased students' performance on self-set goals relative to assigned goals through enhanced goal commitment and effort. Our findings suggest that the positive effects of self-set goals are greater when they are coupled with implementation intentions.
China’s Hukou Puzzle: Why Don’t Rural Migrants Want Urban Hukou?

Abstract: Despite the fact that urban hukou is understood to be far superior to rural hukou and that rural migrants have strong intention to stay in cities for many years, responses to hukou reforms that increase opportunities to obtain urban hukou have been less than enthusiastic. This article addresses this puzzle by showing how the respective values of rural hukou and urban hukou have changed in recent decades. The access and benefits that are tied to rural hukou—including farming and housing land, compensation for land requisition, and more relaxed birth control—are considered increasingly valuable. Thus, many migrants are opting to straddle and circulate between the city and countryside rather than giving up their rural hukou. Meanwhile, the competitive advantage of urban hukou has declined as China seeks to expand basic public services to all and as the market’s role in distributing food, housing, and other needs increases. The mismatch between rural migrants’ preference for large cities and hukou reforms’ focus on medium-sized and small cities and towns also undermines the reforms’ effectiveness. From a policy point of view, this article’s findings suggest that China’s urbanization strategy should take multilocality seriously and should focus on rural migrants’ livelihood and well-being in cities, rather than on hukou conversion alone.
Poisoning: an unnatural cause of morbidity and mortality in rural India.

BACKGROUND Ninety-nine percent of fatal poisonings occur in developing countries, particularly among agricultural workers. In a particular area, it is important to known the magnitude and pattern of acute poisonings, as it is important for early diagnosis and treatment and also for preventive measures. METHODS Hospital records of all unnatural causes of deaths were reviewed at Shri Vasantrao Naik Government Medical College, Yavatmal, Maharashtra during the five years period, 1997-2001. Autopsy records in fatal poisonings were studied for age, sex, residence, marital status, type of poison and manner of poisoning (accidental, suicidal or homicidal). Admission and death rates of acute poisonings were compared with those from other unnatural causes. RESULTS Acute poisoning is the leading most cause of unnatural deaths and third common cause of emergency hospitalizations in this rural part of India. Of all fatal cases, 67% were males, 63% married, 83% with rural residence and 63.4% suicides. Responsible poison could not be ascertained in 16% of clinical and 9.9% of fatal cases. Insecticides were responsible for 35% of clinical and 55.4% of fatal cases. CONCLUSIONS Young married males of rural background with agricultural occupation and failure of monsoon are the risk factors associated with poisoning cases.
Functional diversity of excitatory commissural interneurons in adult zebrafish

Flexibility in the bilateral coordination of muscle contraction underpins variable locomotor movements or gaits. While the locomotor rhythm is generated by ipsilateral excitatory interneurons, less is known about the commissural excitatory interneurons. Here we examined how the activity of the V0v interneurons – an important commissural neuronal class – varies with the locomotor speed in adult zebrafish. Although V0v interneurons are molecularly homogenous, their activity pattern during locomotion is not uniform. They consist of two distinct types dependent on whether they display rhythmicity or not during locomotion. The rhythmic V0v interneurons were further subdivided into three sub-classes engaged sequentially, first at slow then intermediate and finally fast locomotor speeds. Their order of recruitment is defined by scaling their synaptic current with their input resistance. Thus we uncover, in an adult vertebrate, a novel organizational principle for a key class of commissural interneurons and their recruitment pattern as a function of locomotor speed. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.18579. 001
The Decorator pattern revisited : an aspect-oriented solution

A critical challenge for software developers is to utilize design experience and reuse existing software when building new systems. Design patterns have proved effective in helping to address these issues. However, the solutions proposed by the literature on design patterns are determined by techniques and language constructs established by object-oriented programming (OOP). With the rise of the aspect-oriented (AO) paradigm, new programming abstractions have been presented that suggest that it is time for these solutions to be revisited. In this paper parametric polymorphism and AO constructs are applied to develop a reusable implementation of the Decorator pattern that can be (un)plugged into existing software.
Classroom Applications of Research on Self-Regulated Learning

This article describes how self-regulated learning (SRL) has become a popular topic in research in educational psychology and how the research has been translated into classroom practices. Research during the past 30 years on students' learning and achievement has progressively included emphases on cognitive strategies, metacognition, motivation, task engagement, and social supports in classrooms. SRL emerged as a construct that encompassed these various aspects of academic learning and provided more holistic views of the skills, knowledge, and motivation that students acquire. The complexity of SRL has been appealing to educational researchers who seek to provide effective interventions in schools that benefit teachers and students directly. Examples of SRL in classrooms are provided for three areas of research: strategies for reading and writing, cognitive engagement in tasks, and self-assessment. The pedagogical principles and underlying research are discussed for each area. Whether SRL is viewed as a set of skills that can be taught explicitly or as developmental processes of self-regulation that emerge from experience, teachers can provide information and opportunities to students of all ages that will help them become strategic, motivated, and independent learners.