Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early social exposure in wild chimpanzees: Mothers with sons are more gregarious than mothers with daughters

Significance Early social experience is critical to developing appropriate adult behavior. Mothers are particularly important social partners but may also facilitate or restrict access to others. Studies investigating human parental facilitation are limited and confounded by culture. Comparative studies therefore provide invaluable insight into how parents provide social opportunities for offspring. We investigated maternal subgrouping patterns by infant sex in one of our closest relatives, chimpanzees, and found that mothers with sons were more gregarious. Infants themselves may influence patterns later in infancy, but differences were apparent early in life, when mothers and infants are in almost constant contact. Furthermore, mothers with sons associated more with adult males, potential behavioral models, early in life. These differences foreshadow sex-typical adult social behavior. In many mammals, early social experience is critical to developing species-appropriate adult behaviors. Although mother–infant interactions play an undeniably significant role in social development, other individuals in the social milieu may also influence infant outcomes. Additionally, the social skills necessary for adult success may differ between the sexes. In chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), adult males are more gregarious than females and rely on a suite of competitive and cooperative relationships to obtain access to females. In fission–fusion species, including humans and chimpanzees, subgroup composition is labile and individuals can vary the number of individuals with whom they associate. Thus, mothers in these species have a variety of social options. In this study, we investigated whether wild chimpanzee maternal subgrouping patterns differed based on infant sex. Our results show that mothers of sons were more gregarious than mothers of daughters; differences were especially pronounced during the first 6 mo of life, when infant behavior is unlikely to influence maternal subgrouping. Furthermore, mothers with sons spent significantly more time in parties containing males during the first 6 mo. These early differences foreshadow the well-documented sex differences in adult social behavior, and maternal gregariousness may provide sons with important observational learning experiences and social exposure early in life. The presence of these patterns in chimpanzees raises questions concerning the evolutionary history of differential social exposure and its role in shaping sex-typical behavior in humans.
Studies on antimalarial drug susceptibility in Colombia, in relation to Pfmdr1 and Pfcrt

SUMMARY In Colombia, Plasmodium resistance to antimalarials such as chloroquine and antifolates is a serious problem. As a result, the national Colombian health authorities are monitoring the efficacy of alternative drugs and schemes. The study of genetic polymorphisms related with drug resistance is required in the region. In vitro responses to chloroquine, quinine, mefloquine, amodiaquine, desethylamodiaquine, artesunate and dihydroartesunate were carried out by HRP ELISA. SNP analysis in Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 genes was performed by PCR-RFLP in 77 samples from the North West region of Colombia. In vitro resistance to chloroquine was high (74%), followed by mefloquine (30%) and desethylamodiaquine (30%). A positive correlation between the IC50 of paired drugs was also detected. The allele Pfmdr1 N86 (wild) was present in 100% of the samples and 1246Y (mutant) in 92%. However, their presence did not correlate with in vitro drug resistance. Presence of the mutations K76T and N75E in Pfcrt was confirmed in all samples. Analysis of 4 codons (72, 74, 75 and 76) in pfcrt confirmed the presence of the haplotypes CMET in 91% and SMET in 9% of the samples.
Using Twitter to engage with customers: a data mining approach

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore customer engagement in Twitter via data mining. Design/methodology/approach – This study’s intended contributions are twofold: to find a clear connection among customer engagement, presumption, and Web 2.0 in a context of service-dominant (S-D) logic; and to identify social networks created by prosumers. To this end, the study employed data mining techniques. Tweets about IKEA were used as a sample. The resulting algorithm based on 300 tweets was applied to 4,000 tweets to identify the patterns of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM). Findings – Social networks created in IKEA’s tweets consist of three forms of eWOM: objective statements, subjective statements, and knowledge sharing. Most objective statements are disseminated from satisfied or neutral customers, while subjective statements are disseminated from dissatisfied or neutral customers. Satisfied customers mainly carry out knowledge sharing, which seems to reflect presumption behavior. Research limitations/implications – This study provides partial evidence of customer engagement and presumption in IKEA’s tweets. The results indicate that there are three forms of eWOM in the networks: objective statements, subjective statements, and knowledge sharing. It seems that IKEA successfully engaged customers in knowledge sharing, while negative opinions were mainly disseminated in a limited circle. Practical implications – Firms should make more of an effort to identify prosumers via data mining, since these networks are hidden behind “self-proclaimed” followers. Prosumers differ from opinion leaders, since they actively participate in product development. Thus, firms should seek prosumers in order to more closely fit their products to consumer needs. As a practical strategy, firms could employ celebrities for promotional purposes and use them as a platform to convert their followers to prosumers. In addition, firms are encouraged to make public how they resolve problematic customer complaints so that customers can feel they are a part of firms’ service development. Originality/value – Theoretically, the study makes unique contributions by offering a synergic framework of S-D logic and Web 2.0. The conceptual framework collectively relates customer engagement, presumption, and Web 2.0 to social networks. In addition, the idea of examining social networks based on different forms of eWOM has seldom been touched in the literature. Methodologically, the study employed seven algorithms to choose the most robust model, which was later applied to 4,000 tweets.
Benefits of the ‘Massively Parallel Rosetta Stone’: Cross-Language Information Retrieval with over 30 Languages

In this paper, we describe our experiences in extending a standard cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) approach which uses parallel aligned corpora and Latent Semantic Indexing. Most, if not all, previous work which follows this approach has focused on bilingual retrieval; two examples involve the use of French-English or English-Greek parallel corpora. Our extension to the approach is ‘massively parallel’ in two senses, one linguistic and the other computational. First, we make use of a parallel aligned corpus consisting of almost 50 parallel translations in over 30 distinct languages, each in over 30,000 documents. Given the size of this dataset, a ‘massively parallel’ approach was also necessitated in the more usual computational sense. Our re-sults indicate that, far from adding more noise, more linguistic parallelism is better when it comes to cross-language retrieval precision, in addition to the self-evident benefit that CLIR can be performed on more languages.
CAD: Scale Invariant Framework for Real-Time Object Detection

Real-time detection frameworks that typically utilize end-to-end networks to scan the entire vision range, have shown potential effectiveness in object detection. However, compared to more accurate but time-consuming frameworks, detection accuracy of existing real-time networks are still left far behind. Towards this end, this work proposes a novel CAD framework to improve detection accuracy while preserving the real-time speed. Moreover, to enhance the generalization ability of the proposed framework, we introduce maxout [1] to approximate the correlation between image pixels and network predictions. In addition, the non-maximum weighted (NMW) [2] is employed to eliminate the redundant bounding boxes that are considered as repetitive detections for the same objects. Extensive experiments are conducted on two detection benchmarks to demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art performance.
One year results of a randomized controlled trial on radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Treatment, with predictors of pain, disability and return to work in patients with subacromial pain syndrome.

BACKGROUND Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (rESWT) is increasingly used to treat patients with subacromial pain syndrome despite conflicting evidence of its effectiveness. Better knowledge regarding prognostic factors may contribute to the improvement in treatment and prognosis for the patients. AIM The first aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rESWT in addition to supervised exercises in patients with subacromial pain syndrome after one year. The second aim was to identify predictors of pain and disability and work status after one year in this patient group. DESIGN A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial. SETTING An outpatient shoulder clinic of a University hospital. METHODS Patients aged 25 to 70 years, with subacromial pain syndrome lasting at least three months were included and randomly assigned to receive either rESWT and supervised exercises or sham rESWT and supervised exercises. The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and work status were assessed after one year. RESULTS We screened 265 patients and enrolled 143; 74 were allocated to receive sham rESWT and exercises, and 69 were allocated to receive rESWT and exercises. After one year, no differences were found for the SPADI Score (mean difference -1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) -10.2 to 7.0, P=0.71). Subgroup analysis of patients with calcification in the rotator cuff demonstrated no significant additional effect of rESWT to supervised exercises (mean difference -6.3, 95% CI -22.4 to 9.8, P=0.44). Marital status (single), frequent use of pain medication, not working at baseline, negative outcome expectations, low self-reported general health status and few supervised exercise sessions predicted a poor outcome on SPADI after one year. CONCLUSIONS Radial ESWT was not superior to sham rESWT in addition to supervised exercises in the long term for patients with subacromial pain syndrome. The identified predictors for pain, disability and work should be assessed in future studies and addressed by clinicians in order to improve the effectiveness of supervised exercises. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT Radial ESWT should not be recommended for patients with subacromial pain syndrome. Clinicians should assess patient`s outcome expectations, and if possible reduce the use of pain medication and sick leave in this patient group.
Direct and indirect assessment of explanatory models of illness

Patients’ self-reports of explanatory models (EMs) are sensitive to distortions, particularly as a result of social desirability, uncertainty towards one’s own beliefs, and ethnic disparities with the interviewer. In contrast, reaction-time-based indirect measures are thought to be less sensitive to such factors. This article reports on two studies that applied direct (interview) and indirect (reaction-time-based association task) measures of EMs. Study 1 found evidence for the convergent validity of the direct and indirect measures, indicating that the two measures were essentially related. Furthermore, social desirability and uncertainty towards one’s beliefs affected the association between the measures on two categories of EMs. Study 2 showed that, unlike the self-reports of EMs, indirect measures were less sensitive to the ethnicity of the interviewer. The nature of the indirect measure, and the construct that it measures, are discussed.
RhoA, RhoB, RhoC, Rac1, Cdc42, and Tc10 mRNA levels in spinal cord, sensory ganglia, and corticospinal tract neurons and long‐lasting specific changes following spinal cord injury

Inhibition of RhoA has been shown to enhance axonal regeneration following spinal cord injury. Here we mapped mRNA expression patterns of RhoA, B, and C, Rac1, Cdc42, and Tc10 in spinal cord, sensory ganglia, and sensorimotor cortex in uninjured rats, and following spinal cord injury or sham laminectomy. In the intact spinal cord, neurons displayed high levels of Rac1, Cdc42, and Tc10 mRNA hybridization signal. GFAP‐immunoreactive astrocytes expressed primarily RhoB and Rac1, while oligodendrocyte‐like cells expressed RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42. Injury caused profound, long‐lasting upregulation of RhoA, Rac1, Cdc42, and Tc10 mRNA in the spinal cord, while RhoB was modestly increased and RhoC did not change. GFAP‐immunoreactive reactive astrocytes exhibited a dramatic increase of RhoA mRNA expression along with increases of Rac1 and Cdc42. Injury also led to elevation of RhoA, Cdc42, and Tc10 in neurons and modest increases of RhoA, Rac1, and Tc10 in oligodendrocyte‐like cells. Laminectomy caused similar, but less pronounced alterations of investigated mRNA species. In dorsal root ganglia neuronal RhoA, Rac1, Cdc42, and Tc10 mRNA levels were increased similarly by spinal cord injury and sham surgery. The CST pyramidal cells expressed Tc10 mRNA and the CST itself was Tc10‐immunoreactive. Tc10‐immunoreactivity disappeared distal to injury. We conclude that there are gene‐specific patterns of expression of the six different Rho‐GTPases in normal spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia, and that specific changes of temporal and spatial expression patterns occur in response to spinal cord injury, suggesting different roles of these GTPases in the cellular sequelae of CNS injury. J. Comp. Neurol. 484:224–233, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Origin of Early Cretaceous Guandian adakitic pluton in central eastern China: partial melting of delaminated lower continental crust triggered by ridge subduction

ABSTRACT Early Cretaceous adakite or adakitic plutons are widely distributed in central eastern China, e.g. lower Yangtze river belt (LYRB), the south Tan–Lu fault (STLF), and the Dabie orogen. Their genesis, however, remains controversial. In this contribution, we present detailed geochemical and geochronological study on the Guandian pluton in central Anhui Province, eastern China, which has been formerly regarded as a part of the north belt in the LYRB and lately classified in the STLF. Namely, it is located near the boundary between ridge subduction related slab melting and partial melting of lower continental crust (LCC). The Guandian pluton consists of quartz monzonite and is metaluminous and high-K calc-alkaline according to the chemical composition. The samples show high SiO2 (59.15–62.32%), Al2O3 (14.51–15.39%), Sr (892–1184 ppm), Sr/Y (56.74–86.32), and low Y (12.65–18.05 ppm), similar to typical geochemical features of adakite. The Guandian adakitic rocks also exhibit high K2O (2.88–3.86%), MgO (3.89–5.24%), and Mg# (55–60), negative anomalies of high field strength elements (e.g. Nb, Ta, and Ti), and positive anomalies of Ba, Pb, and Sr. LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating yielded a weighted average age of 129.2 ± 0.7 Ma. Calculations of zircon Ce4+/Ce3+ (6.97–145) and (Eu/Eu*)N (0.23–0.42) on the basis of in situ zircon trace element analysis indicate that the magma had a lower oxygen fugacity relative to the ore-bearing adakites in the LYRB and Dexing, which is consistent with the fact of ore-barren in the research area. In combination with previous research, we propose that Guandian adakitic pluton was formed by partial melting of delaminated LCC triggered by Early Cretaceous ridge subduction of the Pacific and Izanagi plates. During ridge subduction, physical erosion destructed the thickened LCC and resulted in delamination, while thermal erosion facilitated partial melting of the delaminated LCC.
Inter-Brain Synchronization during Social Interaction

During social interaction, both participants are continuously active, each modifying their own actions in response to the continuously changing actions of the partner. This continuous mutual adaptation results in interactional synchrony to which both members contribute. Freely exchanging the role of imitator and model is a well-framed example of interactional synchrony resulting from a mutual behavioral negotiation. How the participants' brain activity underlies this process is currently a question that hyperscanning recordings allow us to explore. In particular, it remains largely unknown to what extent oscillatory synchronization could emerge between two brains during social interaction. To explore this issue, 18 participants paired as 9 dyads were recorded with dual-video and dual-EEG setups while they were engaged in spontaneous imitation of hand movements. We measured interactional synchrony and the turn-taking between model and imitator. We discovered by the use of nonlinear techniques that states of interactional synchrony correlate with the emergence of an interbrain synchronizing network in the alpha-mu band between the right centroparietal regions. These regions have been suggested to play a pivotal role in social interaction. Here, they acted symmetrically as key functional hubs in the interindividual brainweb. Additionally, neural synchronization became asymmetrical in the higher frequency bands possibly reflecting a top-down modulation of the roles of model and imitator in the ongoing interaction.
Insights Into the Causes of Arc Rifting From 2‐D Dynamic Models of Subduction

Back‐arc spreading centers initiate as fore‐arc or arc rifting events when extensional forces localize within lithosphere weakened by hydrous fluids or melting. Two models have been proposed for triggering fore‐arc/arc rifting: rollback of the subducting plate causing trench retreat or motion of the overriding plate away from the subduction zone. This paper demonstrates that there is a third mechanism caused by an in situ instability that occurs when the thin high‐viscosity boundary, which separates the weak fore arc from the hot buoyant mantle wedge, is removed. Buoyant upwelling mantle causes arc rifting, drives the overriding plate away from the subducting plate, and there is sufficient heating of the subducting plate crust and overriding plate lithosphere to form adakite or boninite volcanism. For spontaneous fore‐arc/arc rifting to occur a broad region of weak material must be present and one of the plates must be free to respond to the upwelling forces.
Scimitar cat (Homotherium serum Cope) from southwestern Alberta, Canada

Skull and tooth fragments of Homotherium serum recently recovered from the Wally’s Beach site (DhPg-8) in southwestern Alberta provide the first indications that scimitar cat populated the area of the St. Mary Reservoir. Accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating provides a calibrated age (2σ) of 12 715 – 12 655 cal. years BP. This is the fourth known occurrence of the species in Canada, the first outside of Yukon, and currently the youngest precisely dated occurrence of the species in North America. Well-preserved dentition combined with the temporal and geographic context allows the sample to be identified as H. serum. The specimen is significant as it represents an extension of the geographic and chronological range of the species.
Detection of viruses in weekly stool specimens collected during the first 2 years of life: A pilot study of five healthy Australian infants in the rotavirus vaccine era

Several viruses are associated with gastroenteritis in infants. This pilot study, nested within a larger community‐based project of early childhood infections, collected daily symptom data and 511 weekly stool samples from five healthy, fully vaccinated, term infants from birth until their second birthday. Real‐time PCR assays were used to detect six enteric viruses. Frequent, silent shedding of one or more of the six viruses was observed, particularly involving adenovirus where shedding could be for up to 3 months without gastrointestinal symptoms. These pilot data demonstrate that a positive PCR result for enteric viruses may not always indicate the cause of childhood gastroenteritis. J. Med. Virol. 89:917–921, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reduced N-acetylaspartate levels in the frontal cortex of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy) users: preliminary results.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The perceived safety of the recreational drug methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), or Ecstasy, conflicts with animal evidence indicating that MDMA damages cortical serotonin (5-HT) neurons at doses similar to those used by humans. Few data are available about the effects of MDMA on the human brain. This study was designed to evaluate MDMA-related alterations in metabolite ratios with single-voxel proton ((1)H) MR spectroscopy. METHODS Fifteen male MDMA users (mean lifetime exposure, 723 tablets; mean time since last tablet, 12.0 weeks) and 12 age-matched control subjects underwent single-voxel (1)H MR spectroscopy. N-Acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr), NAA/Choline (Cho), and myoinositol (MI)/Cr ratios were measured in midfrontal gray matter, midoccipital gray matter, and right parietal white matter. Data were analyzed with linear model-based multivariate analysis of variance. RESULTS NAA/Cr (P =.04) and NAA/Cho (P =.03) ratios, markers associated with neuronal loss or dysfunction, were reduced in the frontal cortex of MDMA users. Neither NAA/Cr (P =.72) nor NAA/Cho (P =.12) ratios were different between both groups in occipital gray matter and parietal white matter (P =.18). Extent of previous MDMA use and frontal cortical NAA/Cr (rho = -.50, P =.012) or NAA/Cho (rho = -.550, P <.01) ratios were significantly associated. CONCLUSION Reduced NAA/Cr and NAA/Cho ratios at (1)H MR spectroscopy provide evidence for neuronal abnormality in the frontal cortex of MDMA users; these are correlated with the degree of MDMA exposure. These data suggest that MDMA may be a neurotoxin in humans, as it is in animals.
Atomic Oxygen Abundance Retrieved From SCIAMACHY Hydroxyl Nightglow Measurements

We present a new atomic oxygen data set based on Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) hydroxyl short‐wave infrared data. The OH spectra stem from the OH(9‐6) ro‐vibrational transition. These data and atomic oxygen obtained from SCIAMACHY O(1S) green line measurements, which is an independent data set in terms of methodology and radiometry, typically agree within 10–20%. This confirms the corresponding models of OH and O(1S), in particular, the relevance of the reaction between atomic oxygen and ozone in the photochemical model. The agreement between the SCIAMACHY data and the most recent Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) atomic oxygen data set of Mlynczak et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077377) is significantly better than for the previous SABER data set of Mlynczak et al. (2013, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50401). The agreement decreases if the SCIAMACHY forward model parameters are applied to SABER data. A similar agreement is achieved with the data of Panka et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077677), which was retrieved from SABER data using a principally different retrieval approach.