Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlation between the spatial distribution of circumstellar disks and massive stars in the open cluster NGC 6611 ⋆ . Compiled catalog and cluster parameters.

Context. The observation of young stars with circumstellar disks suggests that the disks are dissipated, starting from the inner region, by the radiation of the central star and eventually by the formation of rocky planetesimals, over a time scale of several million years. It was also shown that strong UV radiation emitted by nearby massive stars can heat a circumstellar disk up to some thousand degrees, inducing the photoevaporation of the gas. This process strongly reduces the dissipation time scale. Aims. We study whether there exists a correlation between the spatial distribution of stars with circumstellar disks and the position of massive stars with spectral class earlier than B5, in the open cluster NGC 6611. Methods. We created a multiband catalog of the cluster, down to V ∼ 23 m , using optical data from a WFI observation at 2.2 m of ESO in the BVI bands, the 2MASS public point source catalog and an archival X-ray observation made with CHANDRA/ACIS. We selected the stars with infrared excess (due to the emission of a circumstellar disk) using suitable color indices independent of extinction, and studied their spatial distribution. Results. The spatial distribution of the stars with K band excess (due to the presence of a circumstellar disk) is anti correlated with that of the massive stars: the disks are more frequent at large distances from these stars. We argue that this is in agreement with the hypothesis that the circumstellar disks are heated by the UV radiation from the massive stars and photoevaporated.
Using Hybrid EP and Multi-Pass Dynamic Programming for Hydrothermal Coordination Considering Reasonable Spinning Reserve

This paper applies a hybrid evolutionary programming and multi-pass dynamic programming to solve the hydrothermal coordination problem considering reasonable spinning reserve requirements, where the spinning reserve requirements includes frequency regulating reserve requirements (FRRR) and instantaneous reserve requirements (IRR). The algorithm obtains the non-discrete states to substitute the discrete states of water volume levels at each time period and then determines an optimal generation schedule while achieving the minimum fuel cost of power system. The spinning reserve of all units provided can satisfy the requirements of the system (FRRR and IRR) for any unexpected change in load or loss of maximum online generation unit. To examine the merits of the proposed method, simulation run was performed on Taiwan Power System
On Fermion Entanglement

Under the historical definition of entanglement, namely that encountered in Einstein–Podolski–Rosen (EPR)–type experiments, it is shown that a particular Slater determinant is entangled. Thus a definition which holds that any Slater determinant is unentangled, found in the literature, is inconsistent with the historical definition. A generalization of the historical definition that embodies its meaning as quantum correlation of observables, in the spirit of the work of many others, but is much simpler and more physically transparent, is presented.
Stratigraphy and palaeoceanography of the Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Event in Oued Mellegue, north-western Tunisia

Abstract An expanded Cenomanian-Turonian section along Oued Mellegue in north-western Tunisia provides a high-resolution record of the latest Cenomanian Oceanic Anoxic Event in an upper bathyal, pelagic to hemipelagic environment. A rapid >2|Pg positive excursion in |MD 13 C starts at the base of the organic-rich Bahloul Formation, which represents the Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Event (CTBE) in Tunisia. The transition to a dysaerobic environment at the sea floor, as well as hostile conditions in the subsurface waters, was abrupt. Evolutionary turnover in planktonic foraminiferal faunas in the lowermost part of the CTBE, including the extinction of Rotalipora , is estimated to have lasted little more than 50 ka. Maximum anoxic conditions are expressed higher in the section, representing surface-water conditions in which only small globular planktonic foraminifera were thriving. Nannofossils do not show as major an evolutionary change as planktonic foraminifera, but assemblage diversity is very low within the CTBE sediments, which is attributed to a combination of hostile conditions and dissolution during deposition. A decrease in abundance of high productivity indicators among the nannofossils could be real, or the result of dissolution. Overall, calcareous microfossils do not show evidence for a major increase in primary productivity during the CTBE. Sediment accumulation rates immediately after the CTBE in the Oued Mellegue area were much lower than further to the south on the palaeoshelf. This is consistent with a major sea-level highstand during which clastic sediments were trapped on the shelf. The sequence above the Bahloul Formation shows a gradual relaxation of hostile oceanic conditions, with diversification of planktonic foraminiferal and nannofossil populations.
Tertiary arc rifting in northern Luzon, Philippines

The North Luzon terrane (NLT), comprising the section of Luzon north of the Philippine Fault, is one of the largest arc terranes in the Philippine Archipelago. Numerous features suggest that the NLT is a late Oligocene to early Miocene analogue for the processes in the modern intra-arc rift zone at the northern end of the Mariana Trough. First, the NLT has bifurcating magmatic arcs sharing similar magmatic histories. These include the Northern Sierra Madre (NSM) and Cordillera Central (CC) magmatic arcs, which are separated by the Cagayan basin but which are linked in the Caraballo Range to the south. The rock record indicates that the NSM, CC, and Caraballo Ranges were active arcs in late Eocene to late Oligocene time. Second, seismic reflection and well data indicate that the Cagayan basin formed by extensional faulting in late Oligocene to early Miocene time. Third, alkalic arc magmatism, recognized to be a precursor of intra-arc rifting in modern settings, occurred at the juncture of the NSM and CC arcs in late Oligocene to early Miocene time. Fourth, oceanic crust, represented by the Itogon ophiolite, formed at the southwestern end of the Cagayan basin in late Oligocene to early Miocene time. Major and trace element chemistry show that the Itogon sheeted dikes have tholeiitic arc and backarc basin basalt affinities. The rock record and geophysical offshore data suggest that the NLT was developing in an island arc system above the subducting West Philippine plate in late Eocene time. Rifting occurred in the island arc from late Oligocene to early Miocene time but did not mature into backarc spreading, most likely because of the collision of the Benham Rise, a basaltic rise in the West Philippine basin, with the NLT. The arc rifting in the NLT may be another manifestation of the extensional tectonism that affected most of Southeast Asia in late Oligocene to early Miocene time, during which the South China and Southeast Sulu basins formed. Subsequent to arc rifting, the history of the NLT has been linked to the subduction of the South China plate along the Manila Trench. The structural history of the Cagayan basin and magmatic history of the southern CC suggest that the subduction in the Manila Trench at the latitude of the NLT began about 15 Ma.
The Effect of Valinomycin on Potassium and Sodium Permeability of HK and LK Sheep Red Cells

A B S T R A C1 T A cyclic depsipeptide antibiotic, valinomycin, was found to produce increased selective permeability of the plasma membranes of H K and L K sheep red blood cells to potassium but not to sodium ions. The compound had relatively little effect on the active extrusion of sodium from H K sheep red blood cells or on the Na + K-stimulated ATPase activity of membranes derived from these cells. It is proposed that the selective cation permeability produced by this compound depends primarily on steric factors, particularly the relationship between the diameter of the ring and the effective diameter of the ion. The significance of these results for the problem of the mechanism of ionic selectivity in natural membranes is discussed.
Use of Bayesian Merging Techniques in a Multimodel Seasonal Hydrologic Ensemble Prediction System for the Eastern United States

Abstract Skillful seasonal hydrologic predictions are useful in managing water resources, preparing for droughts and their impacts, energy planning, and many other related sectors. In this study, a seasonal hydrologic ensemble prediction system is developed and evaluated over the eastern United States, with a focus on the Ohio River basin. The system uses a hydrologic model (i.e., the Variable Infiltration Capacity model) as the central element for producing ensemble predictions of soil moisture, snow, and streamflow with lead times up to six months. One unique feature of this system is in the method for generating ensemble atmospheric forcings for the forecast period. It merges seasonal climate forecasts from multiple climate models with observed climatology in a Bayesian framework, such that the uncertainties related to the atmospheric forcings can be better quantified while the signals from individual models are combined. Simultaneously, climate model forecasts are downscaled to an appropriate spatial .
A Single Intramuscular Injection of Recombinant Plasmid DNA Induces Protective Immunity and Prevents Japanese Encephalitis in Mice

ABSTRACT Plasmid vectors containing Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) genes were constructed that expressed prM and E proteins under the control of a cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene promoter. COS-1 cells transformed with this plasmid vector (JE-4B clone) secreted JEV-specific extracellular particles (EPs) into the culture media. Groups of outbred ICR mice were given one or two doses of recombinant plasmid DNA or two doses of the commercial vaccine JEVAX. All mice that received one or two doses of DNA vaccine maintained JEV-specific antibodies 18 months after initial immunization. JEVAX induced 100% seroconversion in 3-week-old mice; however, none of the 3-day-old mice had enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers higher than 1:400. Female mice immunized with this DNA vaccine developed plaque reduction neutralization antibody titers of between 1:20 and 1:160 and provided 45 to 100% passive protection to their progeny following intraperitoneal challenge with 5,000 PFU of virulent JEV strain SA14. Seven-week-old adult mice that had received a single dose of JEV DNA vaccine when 3 days of age were completely protected from a 50,000-PFU JEV intraperitoneal challenge. These results demonstrate that a recombinant plasmid DNA which produced JEV EPs in vitro is an effective vaccine.
Two anaerobic polychlorinated biphenyl-dehalogenating enrichments that exhibit different para-dechlorination specificities

Two anaerobic polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-dechlorinating enrichments with distinct substrate specificities were obtained: a 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorobiphenyl (2346-CB) para-dechlorinating enrichment derived from Aroclor 1260-contaminated Woods Pond (Lenox, Mass.) sediment and a 2,4,6-trichlorobiphenyl (246-CB) unflanked para-dechlorinating enrichment derived from PCB-free Sandy Creek Nature Center (Athens, Ga.) sediment. The enrichments have been successfully transferred to autoclaved soil slurries over 20 times by using 300 to 350 microM 2346-CB or 246-CB. Both enrichments required soil for successful transfer of dechlorination activity. The 2346-CB enrichment para dehalogenated, in the absence or presence of 2346-CB, only 4 of 25 tested para halogen-containing congeners: 234-CB, 2345-CB, 2346-CB, and 2,4,6-tribromobiphenyl (246-BrB). In the presence of 246-CB, the 246-CB enrichment para dehalogenated 23 of the 25 tested congeners. However, only three congeners (34-CB, 2346-CB, and 246-BrB) were dehalogenated in the absence of 246-CB, indicating that these specific congeners initiate dehalogenation in this enrichment culture. The addition of the 2346-CB (para)-dechlorinating enrichment did not further stimulate the 2346-CB-primed dechlorination of the Aroclor 1260 residue in Woods Pond sediment samples. Compared to the addition of the primer 246-CB or the 246-CB unflanked para-dechlorinating enrichment alone, the addition of both 246-CB (300 microM) and the 246-CB enrichment stimulated the unflanked para dechlorination of the Aroclor 1260 residue in Woods Pond sediments. These results indicate that the two enrichments contain different PCB-dechlorinating organisms, each with high substrate specificities. Furthermore, bioaugmentation with the enrichment alone did not stimulate the desired dechlorination in PCB-contaminated Woods Pond sediment.
Isotopic typology of the precipitation in the Western Mediterranean Region at three different time scales

Environmental isotopes (18O, ²H) have been measured, between March 1997 and March 1999, at 10 stations located in the Mediterranean seaside countries (2 in Spain, 1 in Tunisia, 7 in France). Data collected on monthly, event and fractionated basis allow to understand the modifications of the isotopic content of precipitation due to meteorological phenomena. A monthly monitoring shows that the Western Mediterranean has a unique isotopic characteristic that is between Atlantic and Eastern Mediterranean. A daily survey highlights the impact of the origins and trajectories of air masses on the amount and the oxygen‐18 content of rainfalls: enriched and higher amount Mediterranean precipitation, depleted and lower amount Atlantic precipitation. At last, fractionated sampling of heavy precipitation allows to establish a typology of the variations of the isotopic composition during a rain event.
Adding random edges to dense graphs

This paper investigates the addition of random edges to arbitrary dense graphs; in particular, we determine the number of random edges required to ensure various monotone properties including the appearance of a fixed size clique, small diameter and k‐connectivity. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 2004
Off-Balance Sheet Financing and Bank Capital Regulation: Lessons from Asset-Backed Commercial Paper

Many shadow banks rely heavily on bank-sponsored private credit and liquidity support instead of government guarantees. Bank capital regulation cannot be effective without explicitly considering these facilities. Using a continuous time model with maturity mismatch and bank moral hazard, I study the impact of credit and liquidity guarantees on bank capital structure. I focus on a particular type of shadow banking called asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP). When banks provide credit guarantees to ABCP conduits, assuming that the validity of the guarantees is ensured by rating agencies, the commercial paper becomes risk free and is always priced at par. Rolling over the commercial paper is thus costless, so that frequently rolling over the short term ABCP to fund long term assets -- a maturity mismatch -- has no impact on bank value. Regulators can eliminate a bank's moral hazard by imposing a simple capital ratio requirement. However, the capital ratio requirement is no longer valid if banks use liquidity guarantees in their ABCP conduit funding because the funding maturity becomes important. Moreover, a liquidity guarantee becomes as costly as a credit guarantee when the maturity shortens. Using Moody's ABCP conduit data, I confirm that shorter ABCP maturity causes the bank's return to be more sensitive to the conduit credit loss. Thus, when banks have significant exposure to a liquidity guarantee, the search for a single appropriate risk weight is futile. More sophisticated tests, such as model-based tests are not only necessary but also have to be carried out under stressed scenarios.
True polar wander: An analysis of Cenozoic and Mesozoic paleomagnetic poles

A true polar wander path is presented for the past 180 Ma tracing the relative motion between the hotspot framework and the geomagnetic poles deduced from worldwide paleomagnetic data. A relative displacement of 22°±10° is observed. The motion between the two reference frames has not been smooth. Episodes of rapid motion, on the order of 80–100 mm/yr, include the present, 65–50 Ma, 115–85 Ma, and 180–160 Ma. Periods of slow or little polar motion, less than 20 mm/yr, are observed at 50–5 Ma and 160–115 Ma. The effect of plate motions is removed using Morgan's plate motion model A19. This model is tied to a hotspot reference frame assumed to be fixed in the mantle. The rotated paleopoles are grouped by ages and then averaged. They are found to cluster about points distinct from the north pole as defined by the hotspots. These points trace out a path of motion between the rotation axis and the hotspots or mantle. This is interpreted as a shifting of the entire earth in response to a change in the principal axes of the moment of inertia of the mantle. Paleomagnetic poles of the past 7 m.y. are examined independently. This eliminates a dependence on the fixed hotspot hypothesis, since plate motions are essentially negligible for this time span. There is a deviation of 5°±2° between the present geographic north pole and the average of the paleopoles at 5 Ma. This is too great to attribute to plate motion. Interpreted as true polar wander, the rate of this polar motion is about 1°/m.y. Astronomical measurements for the past 80 years have recorded actual motion of the earth's rotational axis up to 1°/m.y. in the direction of eastern Canada. This agrees in rate with paleomagnetic polar motion of the past 7 m.y. and in both rate and direction for the past 2 m.y.
They Can Help: Using Crowdsourcing to Improve the Evaluation of Grammatical Error Detection Systems

Despite the rising interest in developing grammatical error detection systems for non-native speakers of English, progress in the field has been hampered by a lack of informative metrics and an inability to directly compare the performance of systems developed by different researchers. In this paper we address these problems by presenting two evaluation methodologies, both based on a novel use of crowdsourcing.
Analyzing X-ray Variability by Linear State Space Models

In recent years, autoregressive models have had a profound impact on the description of astronomical time series as the observation of a stochastic process. However, it has to be taken into account that real data always contain observational noise often obscuring the intrinsic time series of the object. We apply the technique of a Linear State Space Model which explicitly models the noise of astronomical data and allows to estimate the hidden autoregressive process. As an example, we have analysed the X-ray flux variability of the Active Galaxy NGC 5506 observed with EXOSAT.
Imbalanced Data learning Approaches

The present work deals with a well-known problem in machine learning, that classes have generally skewed prior probabilities distribution. This situation of imbalanced data is a handicap when trying to identify the minority classes , usually more interesting one In real world applications. This paper is an attempt to list the different approachs proposed in scientific research to deal with the imbalanced data learning, as well a comparison between various applications cases performed on this subject.
Factors Affecting Gas Slippage in Tight Sandstones of Cretaceous Age in the Uinta Basin

The gas permeability of some sandstones from Uinta County, UT was measured in the laboratory. The effect of confining pressure and partial water saturation on gas permeability was investigated. Measurements were conducted at pressures of up to 34.5 MPa and partial liquid saturations of up to 60%. We noted that the slope of the straight line relating apparent gas permeability to reciprocal mean pore pressure decreased with increasing net confining pressure and with increasing partial water saturation. Gas permeabilities extrapolated to infinite pore pressure were often higher than liquid permeabilities under the same confining pressure conditions; scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations indicated rock/fluid interactions. Geologic studies of end pieces cut off from core plugs revealed that porosity is reduced by quartz overgrowths, authigenic clays (kaolinite, illite, and minor quantities of chlorite), carbonate cements (calcite and dolomite), and physical compaction of labile rock fragments. In some samples, organic-rich laminae were found to lie parallel to bedding surfaces. Apparently, microporosity had been formed by partial leaching of feldspars and rock fragments. Most of the pores were lined with authigenic clays that form highly irregular pore walls. Thin film intergranular pores, which were observed in samples impregnated with blue epoxy at ambient pressure,more » were not found in samples in which the epoxy was cured under a confining pressure of 34.5 MPa. « less
Execution Time Prediction Using Rough Set Theory in Hybrid Cloud

Execution time prediction is an important issue in cloud computing. Predicting the execution time fast and accurately not only can help users to schedule jobs smarter, but also maximize the throughput and minimize the resource consumption of cloud platform. While hybrid cloud provides methods to federate multiple cloud platforms, different cloud platforms have different resource attributes, which will increase the difficulties to predict a job's execution time. In this paper, we exploit Rough Set Theory (RST), which is a well-known prediction technique that uses the historical data, to predict the execution time of jobs. The evaluation presents that RST can utilize the accuracy of the execution time, while the decision can be made in a short period of time.
Marine biotic signals across a late Eocene impact layer at Massignano, Italy: evidence for long‐term environmental perturbations?

The Eocene–Oligocene transition marks the passage from ‘greenhouse’ conditions to an ‘icehouse’ state, with progressive global cooling starting in the early middle Eocene. The late Eocene presents substantial evidence for extraterrestrial impacts whose effects on living organisms and climatic changes are still not completely clear. A high‐resolution, microfloral and faunal investigation has been carried out in a 4‐m‐thick segment of the Massignano Global Stratotype Section and Point for the Eocene–Oligocene boundary. The studied interval includes a late Eocene (35.7 ± 0.4 Myr old) impactoclastic layer containing several cosmic signatures. The impact event recorded at Massignano had no abrupt, dramatic effects on marine biota in terms of extinction. However, significant quantitative changes in the calcareous plankton and dinoflagellate cyst assemblages occurred 60 kyr after the impact event. The observed pattern is intepreted as reflecting a long‐term re‐organization of water structure.