Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications Challenging Complexity of Maximum Common Subgraph Detection Algorithms: a Performance Analysis of Three Algorithms on a Wide Database of Graphs

Graphs are an extremely general and powerful data structure. In pattern recognition and computer vision, graphs are used to represent patterns to be recognized or classified. Detection of maximum common sub-graph (MCS) is useful for matching, comparing and evaluate the similarity of patterns. MCS is a well known NP-complete problem for which optimal and suboptimal algorithms are known from the literature. Nevertheless, until now no effort has been done for characterizing their performance. The lack of a large database of graphs makes the task of comparing the performance of different graph matching algorithms difficult, and often the selection of an algorithm is made on the basis of a few experimental results available. In this paper, three optimal and well-known algorithms for maximum common subgraph detection are described. Moreover a large database containing various categories of pairs of graphs (e.g. random graphs, meshes, bounded valence graphs), is presented, and the performance of the three algorithms is evaluated on this database.
Subscriber-assisted handoff support in multimedia PCS

Handoff support is one of the key elements in cellular Personal Communication Systems (PCS). Traditional approaches hide handoff support from the subscriber. However, the main difficulty in handoff support stems from terminal mobility which can only be controlled by the subscriber, who may again have different requirements of mobility support under different environments. Therefore, we suggest that the subscriber should participate in handoff support in the following manner: first, the subscriber is encouraged to declare the requirement of mobility support at call setup time; second, when a handoff cannot be supported, the subscriber should be informed in advance so that (s)he can decide whether or not to control movement since a subscriber may sacrifice mobility for maintaining communication in progress. This approach can reduce call dropping rate and improve resource utilization. We will describe this approach and propose a service classification for mobility support in this paper.
Vasogenic shock physiology

Shock means inadequate tissue perfusion by oxygen-carrying blood. In vasogenic shock, this circulatory failure results from vasodilation and/or vasoplegia. There is vascular hyporeactivity with reduced vascular smooth muscle contraction in response to α1 adrenergic agonists. Considering vasogenic shock, one can understand its utmost importance, not only because of its association with sepsis but also because it can be the common final pathway for long-lasting, severe shock of any cause, even postresuscitation states. The effective management of any patient in shock requires the understanding of its underlying physiology and pathophysiology. Recent studies have provided new insights into vascular physiology by revealing the interaction of rather complicated and multifactorial mechanisms, which have not been fully elucidated yet. Some of these mechanisms, such as the induction of nitric oxide synthases, the activation of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels, and vasopressin deficiency, have gained general acceptance and are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of vasodilatory shock. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the pathogenesis of vasogenic shock.
The Distributed Genetic Algorithm Revisited

This paper extends previous work done by Tanese on the distributed genetic algorithm (DGA). Tanese found that the DGA outperformed the canonical serial genetic algorithm (CGA) on a class of difficult, randomly-generated Walsh polynomials. This left open the question of whether the DGA would have similar success on functions that were more amenable to optimization by the CGA. In this work, experiments were done to compare the DGA's performance on the Royal Road class of fitness functions to that of the CGA. Besides achieving superlinear speedup on KSR parallel computers, the DGA again outperformed the CGA on the functions R3 and R4 with regard to the metrics of best fitness, average fitness, and number of times the optimum was reached. Its performance on R1 and R2 was comparable to that of the CGA. The effect of varying the DGA's migration parameters was also investigated. The results of the experiments are presented and discussed, and suggestions for future research are made.
Place Spirituality

The expression of attachment to the divine in certain places among different groups has been documented by anthropologists and sociologists for decades. However, the psychological processes by which this happens are not yet fully understood. This article focuses on the concept of ‘place spirituality’ as a psychological mechanism, which allows the religious believer or non-believer to achieve an organised attachment strategy, involving the interplay of place and spiritual attachment. First, place spirituality is considered as an experience that satisfies the attachment relationship criteria in that geographic places and divine entities can be perceived as ‘objects’ of attachment. Second, it is proposed that the maturational aspects of the attachment repertoire in adults make the place spirituality experience possible since adults’ cognitive abilities are much wider than those of children and can include relationships to geographical spaces and invisible divine entities. Finally, the theme of place spirituality is explored to further position the concept as a relational paradigm for understanding the relationship between place experiences and spiritual attachment.
Genetically Modified Crops and Food Security

The role of genetically modified (GM) crops for food security is the subject of public controversy. GM crops could contribute to food production increases and higher food availability. There may also be impacts on food quality and nutrient composition. Finally, growing GM crops may influence farmers’ income and thus their economic access to food. Smallholder farmers make up a large proportion of the undernourished people worldwide. Our study focuses on this latter aspect and provides the first ex post analysis of food security impacts of GM crops at the micro level. We use comprehensive panel data collected over several years from farm households in India, where insect-resistant GM cotton has been widely adopted. Controlling for other factors, the adoption of GM cotton has significantly improved calorie consumption and dietary quality, resulting from increased family incomes. This technology has reduced food insecurity by 15–20% among cotton-producing households. GM crops alone will not solve the hunger problem, but they can be an important component in a broader food security strategy.
Geometric Optimal Control of the Contrast Imaging Problem in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

The objective of this article is to introduce the tools to analyze the contrast imaging problem in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Optimal trajectories can be selected among extremal solutions of the Pontryagin Maximum Principle applied to this Mayer type optimal problem. Such trajectories are associated to the question of extremizing the transfer time. Hence the optimal problem is reduced to the analysis of the Hamiltonian dynamics related to singular extremals and their optimality status. This is illustrated by using the examples of cerebrospinal fluid/water and grey/white matter of cerebrum.
PTCH1, a receptor of Hedgehog signaling pathway, is correlated with metastatic potential of colorectal cancer

Abstract Background. Approximately 90% of colorectal cancer (CRC) deaths arise from the metastatic dissemination of primary tumors. It is difficult to predict metastasis of colorectal cancer, especially for patients with the same pathological subtype and differentiation. Aims. To identify biomarkers for predicting CRC metastasis. Patients and methods. We collected 19 primary tumors of CRC with identical pathological subtype, differentiation, and comparable Dukes' stages from patients with matched age and gender but completely different prognosis. Patients were divided into one high-risk and one low-risk group for metastasis. The expression levels of SHH, PTCH1, and sFRP1, which are components of the Hedgehog signaling pathway, were determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To investigate further the correlation between expression level of PTCH1 and metastatic potential of CRC cells, we compared the mRNA and protein levels of the PTCH1 gene in LoVo cells with high metastatic potential and in HT-29, SW480, and SW620 cells with low metastatic potential by RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Results. We found that tumor tissues in the high-risk group for metastasis expressed lower levels of PTCH1 mRNA than did those in the low-risk group. Similarly, mRNA and protein levels of PTCH1 were inversely correlated with the metastatic potential of CRC cell lines. Expression levels of SHH and sFRP1 genes did not differ between the two groups. Conclusion. Our data suggest that PTCH1 might be a potential biomarker that could discriminate CRC with high from that with low metastatic risk.
Robot guiding with obstacle avoidance algorithm for uncertain enviroments based on DTCNN

This paper introduces two applications of Discrete Time Cellular Non-Linear Networks (DTCNN) in a robot guiding avoiding obstacles algorithm and prove the feasibility of both applications: a high data rate one, using a CMOS camera, and small data rate one, using ultrasonic sensors. The key value of DTCNNs is the locally connections and the parallelism in processing. These characteristics permit a hardware implementation, in our case over a Field Programmable Gate Arraw (FPGA) and a real time template based algorithm processing. A camera and an ultrasonic sensor are used as avoiding obstacles system, requiring both implemnetations, different inputs informations: the first one complex enviroment information and the later for basic situations information where impulsive response is required. Both input can have an enhanced behaviour within DTCNN structure.
Large amplitude solitary waves in and near the Earth's magnetosphere, magnetopause and bow shock: Polar and Cluster observations

Abstract. Solitary waves with large electric fields (up to 100's of mV/m) have been observed throughout the magnetosphere and in the bow shock. We discuss observations by Polar at high altitudes ( ~ 4-8 RE ), during crossings of the plasma sheet boundary and cusp, and new measurements by Polar at the equatorial magnetopause and by Cluster near the bow shock, in the cusp and at the plasma sheet boundary. We describe the results of a statistical study of electron solitary waves observed by Polar at high altitudes. The mean solitary wave duration was ~ 2 ms. The waves have velocities from ~ 1000 km/s to > 2500 km/s. Observed scale sizes (parallel to the magnetic field) are on the order of 1-10 l D, with e F /kTe from ~ 0.01 to O(1). The average speed of solitary waves at the plasma sheet boundary is faster than the average speed observed in the cusp and at cusp injections. The amplitude increases with both velocity and scale size. These observations are all consistent with the identification of the solitary waves as electron hole modes. We also report the discovery of solitary waves at the magnetopause, observed in Polar data obtained at the subsolar equatorial magnetopause. Both positive and negative potential structures have been observed with amplitudes up to ~ 25 mV/m. The velocities range from 150 km/s to >2500 km/s, with scale sizes the order of a kilometer (comparable to the Debye length). Initial observations of solitary waves by the four Cluster satellites are utilized to discuss the scale sizes and time variability of the regions where the solitary waves occur. Preliminary results from the four Cluster satellites have given a glimpse of the spatial and temporal variability of the occurrence of solitary waves and their association with other wave modes. In all the events studied, significant differences were observed in the waveforms observed simultaneously at the four locations separated by ~ 1000 km. When solitary waves were seen at one satellite, they were usually also seen at the other satellites within an interval of a few seconds. In association with an energetic electron injection and a highly compressed magnetosphere, Cluster has observed the largest amplitude solitary waves (>750 mV/m) ever reported in the outer magnetosphere.
Towards a Dynamic Role Model of Liaison Interpreters: self-descriptions of practitioners in Estonia

A method and apparatus for implementing incremental design changes. In various embodiments, primary outputs of a new design are compared for logical equivalence to corresponding primary outputs of a prior implementation. If the logic is equivalent, the implementation of the primary outputs from the prior implementation is reused to implement the corresponding primary outputs of the new design.
Role of Optimism Bias and Risk Attitude on Investment Behaviour

Purpose: The study undertakes to identify individual characteristics and their investment pattern. The individual characteristics include MBTI personality scores, risk taking behaviour, biases and investor demographics. Data and Methodology: A structured questionnaire was administered on 117 respondents in India. The questions were related to demographic variables, optimism bias, investment pattern and MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator®) personality assessment. The results were analysed using chi-square and ANOVA. Findings: The results show that presence of optimism bias in investors is influenced by marital status, nature of employment and work experience of investors. The Indian investors are majorly balanced or conservative out of the total sample in terms of risk taking behaviour. Risk taking attitude is affected by personality of individuals. Investment in high risk instruments is different among males and females, various age groups, marital status, and work place activity. Investment in medium risk instruments significantly differ for work experience on gender basis. Investment in low risk instruments does not differ for demographic variables of investors as all investors invest equally in safe investment mode. MBTI personality type is a less significant variable which directly affects investment patterns of Indian investors. The study can be useful for portfolio managers, investment advisors who can use it for designing investment portfolios and products for their clients based on their demographic, and behavioural profiling. Originality: This study identifies relationship between investment pattern, behavioural biases and demographic characteristics of Indian investors. MBTI personality assessment is one new dimension which is less researched in studying investment behaviour in Indian context.
Medication adherence and blood pressure control amongst adults with primary hypertension attending a tertiary hospital primary care clinic in Eastern Nigeria

Abstract Background As the case detection rates of hypertension increase in adult Nigerians, achieving target blood pressure (BP) control has become an important management challenge. Objectives To describe medication adherence and BP control amongst adult Nigerians with primary hypertension attending a primary care clinic of a tertiary hospital in a resource-poor environment in Eastern Nigeria. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in 140 adult patients with primary hypertension who have been on treatment for at least 6 months at the primary care clinic of Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia. A patient was said to have achieved goal BP control if the BP was < 140 per 90 mmHg. Adherence was assessed in the previous 30 days using a pretested researcher-administered questionnaire on 30 days of self-reported therapy. Adherence was graded using an ordinal scoring system of 0–4; an adherent patient was one who scored 4 points in the previous 30 days. Reasons for non-adherence were documented. Results Adherence to medication and BP control rates were 42.9% and 35.0% respectively. BP control was significantly associated with medication adherence (p = 0.03), antihypertensive medication duration ≥3 years (p = 0.042), and taking ≥ one form of antihypertensive medication (p = 0.04). BP at the recruitment visit was significantly higher than at the end of the study (p = 0.036). The most common reason for non-adherence was forgetfulness (p = 0.046). Conclusions The rate of BP control amongst the study population was low, which may be connected with low medication adherence. This study urges consideration of factors relating to adherence alongside other factors driving goal BP control.
Mathematical Modeling of Endocytic Actin Patch Kinetics in Fission Yeast: Disassembly Requires Release of Actin Filament Fragments

We report time courses of the accumulation and loss of 16 fluorescent fusion proteins at sites of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in fission yeast. Mathematical modeling shows that dendritic nucleation hypothesis can account for the kinetics of actin assembly in vivo and disassembly requires actin filament severing along with depolymerization.
TEORI-TEORI BIMBINGAN KONSELING DALAM PENDIDIKAN

Research on guidance and counseling in education is a very important research to do and discussed in the world of education. This is because the existence of guidance and counseling in education is a logical consequence of the nature of education itself. The theory of counseling guidance departs from the view of human nature, and is developed from the framework of thinking about the development of personality and changes in human behavior that can be understood from various models of theory. The counseling process of counseling in education is a developmental encounter in which will confront the counselor (teacher) to the individual values of the students and the possible influence of counselors on the development of individual values. The essence of counseling guidance lies in individualizing or in other words independence is the purpose of counseling. Healthy independence is manifested in the awareness of the state of being with others. It is then formed through individual interaction with the environment, and counseling guidance is responsible for developing a self-sustaining developmental environment. Therefore, in this paper will be discussed about the theories of counseling guidance in education, due to the many theories about counseling guidance, the author only take three major theories of counseling guidance is, the theory of psychoanalysis, client-centered theory, and behavioristic theory.
Phonological aspects of hesitation disfluencies

An effective approach to the study of prosody in spoken language seeks to identify prosodic patterns and their communicative values, and to subsequently find a correlation between these prosodic patterns and other layers of linguistic structure. The present research strives to define a single prosodic boundary pattern: the boundary tone of hesitation disfluencies in spontaneous Israeli Hebrew. This entails uncovering the phonological environments in which they occur. Results show two distinct domains for such disfluencies with regard to word-level phonology: word-final syllables and appended e vowels that are inserted after a word, but within the same intonation unit. Statistically significant relations were found between these domains and the phonological structures of the disfluent syllables.
Peer Assessment Enhances Student Learning: The Results of a Matched Randomized Crossover Experiment in a College Statistics Class

Feedback has a powerful influence on learning, but it is also expensive to provide. In large classes it may even be impossible for instructors to provide individualized feedback. Peer assessment is one way to provide personalized feedback that scales to large classes. Besides these obvious logistical benefits, it has been conjectured that students also learn from the practice of peer assessment. However, this has never been conclusively demonstrated. Using an online educational platform that we developed, we conducted an in-class matched-set, randomized crossover experiment with high power to detect small effects. We establish that peer assessment causes a small but significant gain in student achievement. Our study also demonstrates the potential of web-based platforms to facilitate the design of high-quality experiments to identify small effects that were previously not detectable.
Discrete Model of Opinion Changes Using Knowledge and Emotions as Control Variables

We present a new model of opinion changes dependent on the agents emotional state and their information about the issue in question. Our goal is to construct a simple, yet nontrivial and flexible representation of individual attitude dynamics for agent based simulations, that could be used in a variety of social environments. The model is a discrete version of the cusp catastrophe model of opinion dynamics in which information is treated as the normal factor while emotional arousal (agitation level determining agent receptiveness and rationality) is treated as the splitting factor. Both variables determine the resulting agent opinion, which itself can be in favor of the studied position, against it, or neutral. Thanks to the flexibility of implementing communication between the agents, the model is potentially applicable in a wide range of situations. As an example of the model application, we study the dynamics of a set of agents communicating among themselves via messages. In the example, we chose the simplest, fully connected communication topology, to focus on the effects of the individual opinion dynamics, and to look for stable final distributions of agents with different emotions, information and opinions. Even for such simplified system, the model shows complex behavior, including phase transitions due to symmetry breaking by external propaganda.
Effects of infrared camera angle and distance on measurement and reproducibility of thermographically determined temperatures of the distolateral aspects of the forelimbs in horses.

OBJECTIVE To assess effects of camera angle and distance on measurement and reproducibility of thermographically determined temperatures of the distolateral aspect of the forelimbs in horses. DESIGN Evaluation study. ANIMALS 10 adult horses. PROCEDURES Thermographic images of both forelimbs were obtained at 3 times during the day (replicates 1, 2, and 3); maximum surface temperature over 1 region (distolateral aspect of the third metacarpal bone and metacarpophalangeal joint) was measured. Standard images were obtained every 5 minutes for 1 hour with the camera positioned at an angle of 90° and a distance of 1.0 m from the forelimb; additional images were obtained at changed (± 20°) angles or at a 1.5-m distance. At the end of each replicate, 4 sets of additional images were obtained at 2-minute intervals to assess short-term reproducibility. RESULTS Mean ± SD temperature difference between left and right forelimbs was 0.32° ± 0.27°C (0.58° ± 0.49°F) in standard images. Temperatures measured via standard images were highly correlated with those measured with the camera positioned at changed angles or distance. Mean ± SD differences between temperatures measured via standard images and those measured from changed angles or distance were considered small (≤ 0.22° ± 0.18°C [0.40° ± 0.32°F] for all comparisons). The degree of short-term reproducibility was high. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Thermographically determined temperatures were unaffected by 20° changes in camera angle or a 0.5-m increase in camera distance from the forelimb. Minor temperature differences between left and right forelimbs were detected in the study and should be considered during diagnostic investigations.