Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wafer Map Defect Detection and Recognition Using Joint Local and Nonlocal Linear Discriminant Analysis

In semiconductor manufacturing processes, defect detection and recognition in wafer maps have received increasing attention from semiconductor industry. The various defect patterns in wafer maps provide crucial information for assisting engineers in recognizing the root causes of the fabrication problems and solving them eventually. This paper develops a manifold learning-based wafer map defect detection and recognition system. In this system, a joint local and nonlocal linear discriminant analysis (JLNDA) is proposed to discover intrinsic manifold information that provides the discriminant characteristics of the defect patterns. An unsupervised version of JLNDA (called local and nonlocal preserving projection) is further developed to provide a monitoring chart for defect detection of wafer maps. A JLNDA-based Fisher discriminant is further put forward for online defect recognition without the modeling procedure of recognizers. Comparisons with other regular methods, principal component analysis, local preserving projection, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and local LDA, illustrate the superiority of JLNDA in wafer map defect recognition. The effectiveness of the proposed system has been verified by experimental results from a real-world data set of wafer maps (WM-811K).
Increased Activation of the Haemostatic System in Men at High Risk of Fatal Coronary Heart Disease

Summary The haemostatic system was examined in 2951 men aged 50 to 61 years, clinically free of cardiovascular disease, who were ranked according to a risk score for fatal coronary heart disease (CHD). Risk was judged from their serum cholesterol concentration, systolic blood pressure, body mass index and smoking habit. The status of the factor VH-tissue factor pathway was estimated from the plasma levels of factor VII coagulant activity, factor VII antigen and activated factor VII. Activation of factor IX was assessed from the plasma concentration of factor IX activation peptide. Activity within the common pathway was measured as the plasma concentrations of prothrombin fragment 1+2 and fibrinopeptide A. All 6 markers of haemostatic status were positively and statistically significantly associated with risk, providing further evidence for a hypercoagulable state in men at high risk for fatal CHD. Plasma fibrinogen and serum triglyceride concentrations were also graded positively with risk.
On the Convergence of Leveraging

We give an unified convergence analysis of ensemble learning methods including e.g. AdaBoost, Logistic Regression and the Least-Square-Boost algorithm for regression. These methods have in common that they iteratively call a base learning algorithm which returns hypotheses that are then linearly combined. We show that these methods are related to the Gauss-Southwell method known from numerical optimization and state non-asymptotical convergence results for all these methods. Our analysis includes l1-norm regularized cost functions leading to a clean and general way to regularize ensemble learning.
Perspective on the use of perampanel and intravenous carbamazepine for generalized seizures

Introduction: Several antiepileptic drugs are available for the treatment of epileptic patients. However, the treatment of some seizure types and novel drug formulations deserve further advances in epilepsy research. Areas covered: The authors analyze the published evidence on the efficacy of perampanel against secondarily generalized seizures (SGS) and report the currently available development of intravenous (IV) formulations of carbamazepine (CBZ), commenting on their potential in the clinical setting. Expert opinion: Perampanel is the first noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonist to be approved as adjunctive treatment in patients with partial-onset (focal) seizures (POS) with or without secondary generalization. Apart from its efficacy and safety on POS, a consistent body of evidence supports its efficacy in SGS at a minimum dose of 8 mg/day; however, such dose appears close to the best-tolerated dose. CBZ is a poorly water-soluble compound; many efforts to develop a parenteral formulation have not been successful so far. Novel IV CBZ formulations seem to exhibit favorable pharmacokinetics along with good tolerability in animal models and in patients taking oral CBZ. Further studies are needed to assess whether larger doses will be as well tolerated, allowing IV CBZ to be used as bridge therapy when the oral route is not feasible or in patients naïve to CBZ.
Kernel-Based Data Fusion and Its Application to Protein Function Prediction in Yeast

Kernel methods provide a principled framework in which to represent many types of data, including vectors, strings, trees and graphs. As such, these methods are useful for drawing inferences about biological phenomena. We describe a method for combining multiple kernel representations in an optimal fashion, by formulating the problem as a convex optimization problem that can be solved using semidefinite programming techniques. The method is applied to the problem of predicting yeast protein functional classifications using a support vector machine (SVM) trained on five types of data. For this problem, the new method performs better than a previously-described Markov random field method, and better than the SVM trained on any single type of data.
Diabetes mellitus and cancer risk in a population‐based case–controlstudy among men from Montreal, Canada

Diabetics may have a higher risk of cancer, notably liver and pancreatic cancers. Evidence about other cancer types remains sparse. The authors examined potential associations between diabetes and several types of cancer in a large multicancer case–control project carried out in Montreal, Canada, in the 1980s. This report, based on 3,107 male cancer cases and 509 population controls, uses information on diabetes and several covariates collected by interview. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for the associations between diabetes and each of 12 cancer types. Risks of pancreatic and liver cancers were increased among diabetics: adjusted ORs were 2.1 (95% CI: 1.0, 4.3) for pancreatic and 3.1 (95% CI: 1.1, 8.8) for liver cancer. The increased risk of pancreatic cancer was completely restricted to those with recent onset of diabetes; this was likely a manifestation of reverse causality. Conversely, the increased risk of liver cancer was independent of the interval between diabetes and cancer diagnoses. No associations were observed with melanoma, non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, cancers of the esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, lung, prostate, bladder and kidney. In conclusion, diabetes was associated with an increased risk of liver cancer among men, but with no other cancer type including pancreatic cancer. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
First Directly Retrieved Global Distribution of Tropospheric Column Ozone from GOME: Comparison with the GEOS-CHEM Model

[1] We present the first directly retrieved global distribution of tropospheric column ozone from Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) ultraviolet measurements during December 1996 to November 1997. The retrievals clearly show signals due to convection, biomass burning, stratospheric influence, pollution, and transport. They are capable of capturing the spatiotemporal evolution of tropospheric column ozone in response to regional or short time-scale events such as the 1997–1998 El Nino event and a 10–20 DU change within a few days. The global distribution of tropospheric column ozone displays the well-known wave-1 pattern in the tropics, nearly zonal bands of enhanced tropospheric column ozone of 36–48 DU at 20°S–30°S during the austral spring and at 25°N–45°N during the boreal spring and summer, low tropospheric column ozone of 33 DU at some northern high-latitudes during the spring. Simulation from a chemical transport model corroborates most of the above structures, with small biases of <±5 DU and consistent seasonal cycles in most regions, especially in the southern hemisphere. However, significant positive biases of 5–20 DU occur in some northern tropical and subtropical regions such as the Middle East during summer. Comparison of GOME with monthly-averaged Measurement of Ozone and Water Vapor by Airbus in-service Aircraft (MOZAIC) tropospheric column ozone for these regions usually shows good consistency within 1σ standard deviations and retrieval uncertainties. Some biases can be accounted for by inadequate sensitivity to lower tropospheric ozone, the different spatiotemporal sampling and the spatiotemporal variations in tropospheric column ozone.
A comparison of three quantification methods for estimation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia.

The empirical literature has shown that respiratory sinus arrhythmia is a sensitive noninvasive index of parasympathetic cardiac control. Nevertheless there has been no general agreement among investigators as to the most preferable quantification technique for assessing respiratory sinus arrhythmia, although there has been much speculation that specific estimation techniques are more or less reflective of vagal processes and could be more or less contaminated by other influences upon heart period variability unrelated to respiration. This study compared three quantification procedures for estimating respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA): (1) a spectral analytic technique, (2) a complex detrending approach removing periodic and aperiodic cardiac variations unrelated to respiration, and (3) a time-domain, peak-valley procedure employing inspiratory and expiratory periods as windows for determining range of cardiac-interval fluctuations associated with respiratory phase. Measures derived from these techniques were intra- and interindividually compared using three different samples of male subjects, including students, adult normotensives, and adult hypertensives. All interindividual correlations between measures yielded coefficients above . 92 and the mean within-subject correlation across 42 individuals was . 96, thus indicating a marked degree of comparability between measures. Additionally, given that much evidence indicates lawful within-individual relations between RSA amplitude and respiratory parameters, we employed respiratory period as an external criterion and compared intraindividual correlations between this variable and (2) and (3); results showed that (3) was significantly more highly associated with respiration than was (2), although the mean r's for the two measures did not diverge greatly (.91 vs. .84). Finally, inspection of the data and further regression analyses did not suggest that any of the RSA estimates were differentially contaminated by other components of cardiac variability. Our findings suggest that the three techniques are almost equivalent as indices of cardiac vagal tone and would appear to ease concerns about the inferiority of any of the procedures. Choice of a quantification procedure should therefore be tailored to the specific empirical needs of an investigation. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed.
Fear and anxiety : the benefits of translational research

Preface. Synaptic self: conditioned fear, developmental adversity, and the anxious individual. Does stress damage the brain? Neuropsychobiology of the variable foraging demand paradigm in nonhuman primates. Offspring at high risk for anxiety and depression: preliminary findings from a three-generation study. Pathophysiology of anxiety: a developmental psychobiological perspective. Psychiatric effects of disasters and terrorism: empirical basis from study of the Oklahoma City bombing. Neuroanatomy of panic disorder: implications of functional imaging in fear conditioning. Neuroimaging studies in nonhuman primates reared under early stressful conditions: implications for mood and anxiety disorders. Neurotoxic effects of childhood trauma: Magnetic Resonance Imaging studies of pediatric maltreatment-related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder versus nontraumatized children with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Scientific basis of psychological treatments for anxiety disorders: past, present, and future. New molecular targets for antianxiety interventions. Dissociating components of anxious behavior in young rhesus monkeys: a precursor to genetic studies. The anatomy of fear: microcircuits of the lateral amygdala. The amygdala and social behavior: what's fear got to do with it? Index.
GABAergic Neurons Are Less Selective to Stimulus Orientation than Excitatory Neurons in Layer II/III of Visual Cortex, as Revealed by In Vivo Functional Ca2+ Imaging in Transgenic Mice

Most neurons in the visual cortex are selectively responsive to visual stimulation of a narrow range of orientations, and GABAergic neurons are considered to play a role in the formation of such orientation selectivity. This suggests that response properties of GABAergic neurons may be different from those of excitatory neurons. This view remains unproved, however. To address this issue, we applied in vivo two-photon functional Ca2+ imaging to transgenic mice, in which GABAergic neurons express enhanced green fluorescent protein. Astroglia were stained by an astrocyte-specific dye. The three types of cells, GABAergic neurons, excitatory neurons, and astrocytes, in layer II/III of the visual cortex were differentially identified by using different wavelengths of excitation light and a dichroic mirror for emitted fluorescence, and their responses to moving visual stimuli at different orientations were measured with changes in the intensity of fluorescence of a Ca2+-sensitive dye. We found that almost all GABAergic neurons have orientation-insensitive responses, whereas most of excitatory neurons have orientation-selective responses.
Impact of the Real-Time Thermal Loading on the Bulk Electric System Reliability

This paper presents a transmission line failure model that is enhanced with the dynamic thermal rating (DTR) system. The failure model consists of two parts. The first part is the Arrhenius model and it considers the loading effect of the DTR system as a result of operating at a higher temperature than the static thermal rating system. The second part is the Weibull model and it considers the end-of-life (natural ageing) failure effect of the transmission line. The proposed model is compared with the normal distribution model that considers only the end-of-life failure effect of the transmission line. This paper also investigates the uncertainty effects of the line failure model parameters, effects of the DTR system reliability, and the effects of the weather data correlation on the reliability performance of the power system. The proposed methodology and case studies were performed on the IEEE-reliability test network.
Effect of androgen treatment during foetal and/or neonatal life on ovarian function in prepubertal and adult rats

We investigated the effects of different windows of testosterone propionate (TP) treatment during foetal and neonatal life in female rats to determine whether and when excess androgen exposure would cause disruption of adult reproductive function. Animals were killed prepubertally at d25 and as adults at d90. Plasma samples were taken for hormone analysis and ovaries serial sectioned for morphometric analyses. In prepubertal animals, only foetal+postnatal and late postnatal TP resulted in increased body weights, and an increase in transitory, but reduced antral follicle numbers without affecting total follicle populations. Treatment with TP during both foetal+postnatal life resulted in the development of streak ovaries with activated follicles containing oocytes that only progressed to a small antral (smA) stage and inactive uteri. TP exposure during foetal or late postnatal life had no effect upon adult reproductive function or the total follicle population, although there was a reduction in the primordial follicle pool. In contrast, TP treatment during full postnatal life (d1–25) resulted in anovulation in adults (d90). These animals were heavier, had a greater ovarian stromal compartment, no differences in follicle thecal cell area, but reduced numbers of anti-Mullerian hormone-positive smA follicles when compared with controls. Significantly reduced uterine weights lead reduced follicle oestradiol production. These results support the concept that androgen programming of adult female reproductive function occurs only during specific time windows in foetal and neonatal life with implications for the development of polycystic ovary syndrome in women.
Modelos de atracción y elección de la población adolescente y su relación con la violencia de género

En este articulo se muestran resultados de una investigacion cualitativa del Programa Daphne II de la Comision Europea, dirigida por la Universidad de Zaragoza. En Espana, se llevo a cabo en cinco IES y un grupo scout acerca de los modelos de atraccion y eleccion que tienen las y los adolescentes y como estos influyen en sus relaciones personales y en el empleo de la violencia de genero dentro de las mismas. Esta investigacion ha evidenciado la existencia de modelos de atraccion y eleccion de una pareja basados en criterios que fomentan las relaciones de poder y no de igualdad entre los adolescentes. Su principal aportacion es el diseno de una metodologia concreta de socializacion para prevenir este tipo de comportamientos agresivos basados en el genero desde la adolescencia. Esta metodologia esta basada en el modelo educativo de las Comunidades de Aprendizaje, adaptando sus premisas a la educacion en valores.
Significant Elements in the Relationship of Long-Married Couples

A descriptive study of factors in the lifestyle of fifty couples married an average of 55.5 years and an average age of seventy-nine years provided data for this report. The non-random sample was heterogeneous using traditional socio-economic indicators. Life-Satisfaction (LSI-Z), Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment scores, and perception of health were all high. More than half the sample were now or had been sexually active within the past five years. Independence, commitment, companionship and qualities of caring were significant elements in these long-lasting marriages.
Serial position curves in short‐term memory: Functional equivalence across modalities

Four experiments investigated item and order memory for sequences of seen unfamiliar faces and heard nonwords. Experiments 1 and 3 found bowed serial position curves using the serial reconstruction test of order with faces and nonwords, respectively. Experiments 2 and 4 found limited recency, no primacy, and above chance performance on all items using a two‐alternative forced choice (2AFC) test of item recognition, again with faces and nonwords. These results suggest that the different serial position curves typically found using traditional paradigms for exploring visual and verbal short‐term memory are due to differences in the methods used rather than modality‐specific mechanisms.
Novel integration technique for flip-chip bonding circuit in wafer scale packaging

A novel integration technique for flip-chip bonding a circuit in wafer scale packaging is presented. The solder is a multilayered structure which consists of 95 at. % Sn and 5 at. % Au. The metal-to-metal bonding process was carried out around 230degC in air. The solder bond pads have an area of 625mum2 with the height of 2.3mum. To characterize the integration technique a variety of designs for a flip-chip interconnections are fabricated and measured for a flip-chip mounted coplanar waveguide (CPW). Modeled predictions of the design show significant performance improvement can be achieved by considering the impact of the substrate and associated parasitics on the mounted chip and transition region in the design. In this paper, we discuss design, modeling and measurement of wide band transition for flip chipped circuits in wafer scale packaging. A locally scaled flip-chip structure is proposed to compensate effective dielectric constant at the transition part of the interconnect
Predictors of post-recurrence survival in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer initially completely resected.

OBJECTIVES Despite recent progress in diagnostic technology and therapeutic approaches to non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 30-75% of patients develop tumour recurrence after resection. However, the details of post-recurrence survival (PRS) are not well understood. We aimed to investigate the predictors of PRS in patients with NSCLC initially completely resected. METHODS A series of 568 NSCLC patients who had undergone complete resection between 2000 and 2009 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients who had developed recurrent NSCLC after complete resection were subjected to the current analysis. We examined PRS using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox regression analyses. RESULTS Of the 568 patients, 138 (24.3%) were identified as having disease recurrence. The 2-year and 5-year PRS rates were 44.6 and 25.9%, respectively, while the median PRS time was 22.5 months. Non-adenocarcinoma histology [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.825, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.825-4.367, P < 0.001], serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) at recurrence ≥5.0 mg/dl (HR = 2.205, 95% CI: 1.453-3.344, P < 0.001) and no systemic chemotherapy (HR = 2.137, 95% CI: 1.304-3.247, P = 0.002) were independent prognostic factors for PRS. CONCLUSIONS The current results showed that non-adenocarcinoma histology, elevated serum CEA at recurrence and no systemic chemotherapy were independent unfavourable post-recurrence prognostic factors. The current data can be informative for patient follow-up after complete resection and further clinical investigation may give us more information about PRS and accurate treatment strategy for recurrent NSCLC after initial complete resection.
Updating robust reliability using structural test data

The concept of robust reliability is de®ned to take into account uncertainties from structural modeling in addition to the uncertain excitation that a structure will experience during its lifetime. A Bayesian probabilistic methodology for system identi®cation is integrated with probabilistic structural analysis tools for the purpose of updating the assessment of the robust reliability based on dynamic test data. Methods for updating the structural reliability for both identi®able and unidenti®able models are presented. Application of the methodology to a simple beam model of a single-span bridge with soil-structure interaction at the abutments, including a case with a tuned-mass damper attached to the deck, shows that the robust reliabilities computed before and after updating with ameasuredo dynamic data can differ signi®cantly. q 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
On the Optimality and Stability of Exponential Twisting in Monte Carlo Estimation

Estimation of the large deviations probability p/sub n/=P(S/sub n/>or= gamma n) via importance sampling is considered, where S/sub n/ is a sum of n i.i. d. random variables. It has been previously shown that within the nonparametric candidate family of all i.i. d. (or, more generally, Markov) distributions, the optimized exponentially twisted distribution is the unique asymptotically optimal sampling distribution. As n to infinity , the sampling cost required to stabilize the normalized variance grows with strictly positive exponential rate for any suboptimal sampling distribution, while this sampling cost for the optimal exponentially twisted distribution is only O(n/sup 1/2/). Here, it is established that the optimality is actually much stronger. As n to infinity , this solution simultaneously stabilizes all error moments of both the sample mean and the sample variance estimators with sampling cost O(n/sup 1/2/). In addition, it is shown that the embedded parametric family of exponentially twisted distributions has a certain uniform asymptotic stability property. The technique is stable even if the optimal twisting parameter(s) cannot be precisely determined. >