Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kinematic and structural analysis of the Minispiral in the Galactic Center from BEAR spectro-imagery

Integral field spectroscopy of the inner region of the Galactic Center, over a field of roughly 40 �� ×40 �� was obtained at 2.06 µ m( He) and 2.16 µ m( Brγ) using BEAR, an imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer, at spectral resolutions respectively of 52.9 km s −1 and 21.3 km s −1 , and a spatial resolution of � 0.5 �� . The analysis of the data was focused on the kinematics of the gas flows, traditionally called the "Minispiral", concentrated in the neighborhood of the central black hole, Sgr A � . F rom the decomposition into several velocity components (up to four) of the line profile extracted at each point of the field, velocity features were identified. Nine distinguishable structures are described: the standard Northern Arm, Eastern Arm, Bar, Western Arc, and five additional, coherently-moving patches of gas. From this analysis, the Northern Arm appears not limited, as usually thought, to the bright, narrow North-South lane seen on intensity images, but it consists instead of a weak, continuous, triangular-shaped surface, drawn out into a narrow stream in the vicinity of Sgr Awhere it shows a strong velocity gradient, and a bright western rim. The Eastern Arm is split into three components (a Ribbon and a Tip, separated by a cavity, and an elongated feature parallel to the Ribbon: the Eastern Bridge). We also report extinction of some interstellar structures by other components, providing information on their relative position along the line of sight. A system of Keplerian orbits can be fitted to most of the Northern Arm, and the bright rim of this feature can be interpreted in terms of line-of-sight orbit crowding caused by the warping of the flowing surface at the western edge facing Sgr A � . These results lead to a new picture of the gas structures in Sgr A West, in which large-scale gas flows and isolated gas patches coexist in the gravitational field of the central Black Hole. The question of the origin of the ionized gas is addressed and a discussion of the lifetime of these features is presented.
Associations between rationing of nursing care and inpatient mortality in Swiss hospitals.

OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between inpatient mortality and implicit rationing of nursing care, the quality of nurse work environments and the patient-to-nurse staffing ratio in Swiss acute care hospitals. DESIGN Cross-sectional correlational design. SETTING Eight Swiss acute care hospitals examined in a survey-based study and 71 comparison institutions. PARTICIPANTS A total of 165 862 discharge abstracts from patients treated in the 8 RICH Nursing Study (the Rationing of Nursing Care in Switzerland Study) hospitals and 760 608 discharge abstracts from patients treated in 71 Swiss acute care hospitals offering similar services and maintaining comparable patient volumes to the RICH Nursing hospitals. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The dependent variable was inpatient mortality. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the effects of the independent hospital-level measures. RESULTS Patients treated in the hospital with the highest rationing level were 51% more likely to die than those in peer institutions (adjusted OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.34-1.70). Patients treated in the study hospitals with higher nurse work environment quality ratings had a significantly lower likelihood of death (adjusted OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67-0.97) and those treated in the hospital with the highest measured patient-to-nurse ratio (10:1) had a 37% higher risk of death (adjusted OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.24-1.52) than those in comparison institutions. CONCLUSIONS Measures of rationing may reflect care conditions that place hospital patients at risk of negative outcomes and thus deserve attention in future hospital outcomes research studies.
1 Implementations and empirical comparison of K shortest loopless path algorithms

The first work on the network optimisation problem of ranking K shortest paths, K ∈ IN, appeared in 1959, more or less simultaneously with the first papers on the shortest path problem. Since then the particular problem (when K = 1) has merited much more attention than its generalisation. Nevertheless, several titles are included on the very complete bibliography about the K shortest paths problem, online at http://www.ics. uci.edu/∼eppstein/bibs/kpath.bib, many of them concerning problems related with the K shortest paths problem and real word applications. With the development of computers and data structures there has been an increasing interest from the researchers on this problem, as larger problems resulting from real world applications, demanding more space of memory as well as quick responses, can now be solved. In this paper we focus on the K shortest loopless paths problem, the variant where paths are not allowed to have repeated nodes. We survey algorithms for this problem, introduce a new method to solve it, and compare empirically their implementations.
X-ray vision: mental representation of the human body’s inner morphology

The present study examines how undergraduate students of Health Sciences represent the human body inner morphology. A quantitative where 123 health sciences students were asked to draw the inner morph of a Sick Person unit. Those drawings were evaluated according to a content analysis matrix specifically designed for the purposes of the current collected data suggests atypicality of contents and a differential approach to the inner body at the structural anatomy level. Overall, individuals than those found in which would represent the human body’s largest organ (the skin), is absent. Drawings also show a desexualization of the depicted bodies, for both reproductive organs. The pathologies most frequently portrayed in neoplasms of specific organs. Interestingly, the damaged organs were highly invested pictorially, i contrast with the lesser investment and amount of accessory organs depicted in representations.
Gestão da inovação

Inovar de forma continua e sistematica e essencial para as empresas serem competitivas. Sob esse foco, Gestao da Inovacao traz conceitos e exemplos de sucesso em inovacao de produto, servico, processo, marketing, alem de praticas de estimulo a inovacao. Por meio de ferramentas de facil aplicacao, um plano para a implantacao e gerenciamento da inovacao, com todas as etapas desse processo, e apresentado de forma muito didatica.
Clinical translation of the ABA renewal model of treatment relapse

ABSTRACT An 18-year-old male’s attention-maintained problem behavior was treated with an alternative (ALT) variable-interval, variable-time (VI VT) schedule arrangement with two therapists each delivering attention at different rates in a multiple schedule of reinforcement. Despite the differing rates of VI VT attention, the procedures resulted in similar rates of problem behavior in the last three treatment sessions reducing problem behavior by an average of 45%. Following treatment, the two therapists conducted separate extinction sessions, initially in a different context until problem behavior extinguished and then returning to the original treatment context (i.e., the ABA renewal test). Extinction took 4.4 times longer in the renewal test for the therapist who implemented the high-rate VI VT treatment compared with the therapist who implemented the low-rate VI VT treatment. Although these results are preliminary, the implications for clinicians is that treatment designs that use low-rate treatment may be more effective than high-rate treatment in preventing relapse.
NVRAM-aware Logging in Transaction Systems

Emerging byte-addressable, non-volatile memory technologies (NVRAM) like phase-change memory can increase the capacity of future memory systems by orders of magnitude. Compared to systems that rely on disk storage, NVRAM-based systems promise significant improvements in performance for key applications like online transaction processing (OLTP). Unfortunately, NVRAM systems suffer from two drawbacks: their asymmetric read-write performance and the notable higher cost of the new memory technologies compared to disk. This paper investigates the cost-effective use of NVRAM in transaction systems. It shows that using NVRAM only for the logging subsystem (NV-Logging) provides much higher transactions per dollar than simply replacing all disk storage with NVRAM. Specifically, for NV-Logging, we show that the software overheads associated with centralized log buffers cause performance bottlenecks and limit scaling. The per-transaction logging methods described in the paper help avoid these overheads, enabling concurrent logging for multiple transactions. Experimental results with a faithful emulation of future NVRAM-based servers using the TPCC, TATP, and TPCB benchmarks show that NV-Logging improves throughput by 1.42 - 2.72x over the costlier option of replacing all disk storage with NVRAM. Results also show that NV-Logging performs 1.21 - 6.71x better than when logs are placed into the PMFS NVRAM-optimized file system. Compared to state-of-the-art distributed logging, NV-Logging delivers 20.4% throughput improvements.
The Minimum Cost Design of Transparent Optical Networks Combining Grooming, Routing, and Wavelength Assignment

As client demands grow, optical network operators are required to introduce lightpaths of higher line rates in order to groom more demand into their network capacity. For a given fiber network and a given set of client demands, the minimum cost network design is the task of assigning routing paths and wavelengths for a minimum cost set of lightpaths able to groom all client demands. The variant of the optical network design problem addressed in this paper considers a transparent optical network, single hop grooming, client demands of a single interface type, and lightpaths of two line rates. We discuss two slightly different mixed integer linear programming models that define the network design problem combining grooming, routing, and wavelength assignment. Then, we propose a parameters increase rule and three types of additional constraints that, when applied to the previous models, make their linear relaxation solutions closer to the integer solutions. Finally, we use the resulting models to derive a hybrid heuristic method, which combines a relax-and-fix approach with an integer linear programming-based local search approach. We present the computational results showing that the proposed heuristic method is able to find solutions with cost values very close to the optimal ones for a real nation-wide network and considering a realistic fiber link capacity of 80 wavelengths. Moreover, when compared with other approaches used in the problem variants close to the one addressed here, our heuristic is shown to compute solutions, on average, with better cost values and/or in shorter runtimes.
Disease Progression and Phasic Changes in Gene Expression in a Mouse Model of Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and has multiple risk factors including joint injury. The purpose of this study was to characterize the histologic development of OA in a mouse model where OA is induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM model) and to identify genes regulated during different stages of the disease, using RNA isolated from the joint “organ” and analyzed using microarrays. Histologic changes seen in OA, including articular cartilage lesions and osteophytes, were present in the medial tibial plateaus of the DMM knees beginning at the earliest (2 week) time point and became progressively more severe by 16 weeks. 427 probe sets (371 genes) from the microarrays passed consistency and significance filters. There was an initial up-regulation at 2 and 4 weeks of genes involved in morphogenesis, differentiation, and development, including growth factor and matrix genes, as well as transcription factors including Atf2, Creb3l1, and Erg. Most genes were off or down-regulated at 8 weeks with the most highly down-regulated genes involved in cell division and the cytoskeleton. Gene expression increased at 16 weeks, in particular extracellular matrix genes including Prelp, Col3a1 and fibromodulin. Immunostaining revealed the presence of these three proteins in cartilage and soft tissues including ligaments as well as in the fibrocartilage covering osteophytes. The results support a phasic development of OA with early matrix remodeling and transcriptional activity followed by a more quiescent period that is not maintained. This implies that the response to an OA intervention will depend on the timing of the intervention. The quiescent period at 8 weeks may be due to the maturation of the osteophytes which are thought to temporarily stabilize the joint.
Persistent default‐mode network connectivity during light sedation

The default‐mode network (DMN) is a set of specific brain regions whose activity, predominant in the resting‐state, is attenuated during cognitively demanding, externally‐cued tasks. The cognitive correlates of this network have proven difficult to interrogate, but one hypothesis is that regions in the network process episodic memories and semantic knowledge integral to internally‐generated mental activity. Here, we compare default‐mode functional connectivity in the same group of subjects during rest and conscious sedation with midazolam, a state characterized by anterograde amnesia and a reduced level of consciousness. Although the DMN showed functional connectivity during both rest and conscious sedation, a direct comparison found that there was significantly reduced functional connectivity in the posterior cingulate cortex during conscious sedation. These results confirm that low‐frequency oscillations in the DMN persist and remain highly correlated even at reduced levels of consciousness. We hypothesize that focal reductions in DMN connectivity, as shown here in the posterior cingulate cortex, may represent a stable correlate of reduced consciousness. Hum Brain Mapp, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Some factors affecting bubble formation with catheter-mediated defibrillator pulses.

Factors affecting bubble formation during delivery of defibrillator pulses to arrhythmogenic cardiac tissue via a catheter are unknown. We investigated the role of energy, electrode surface area, interelectrode distance, and electrode polarity on bubble formation and on current and voltage waveforms during delivery of damped sinusoidal discharges from a standard defibrillator to anticoagulated bovine blood. Gas composition was studied with mass spectrometry. Defibrillator energy settings were varied between 5 and 360 J. The principal catheter used for study was a Medtronic 6992A lead. Additional electrodes tested included 2, 5, and 10 mm long No. 6F, 7F, and 8F copper electrodes. Interelectrode distances used to assess the effect of anode-cathode spacing were 1, 5, 10, and 20 cm. Bubble volume increased linearly from 0.043 to 0.134 ml per cathodal pulse and from 0.030 to 3.50 ml per anodal pulse as energy settings were increased from 5 to 360 J (r = .99). Typical smooth waveforms for both current and voltage were seen only in the absence of bubbles. The voltage waveform was distorted for each cathodal pulse of 100 J or more and for each anodal pulse of 10 J or more only if bubbles were present. The effect of electrode surface area on bubble formation was tested at a 200 J energy setting and at a 10 cm interelectrode distance with the use of cathodal pulses. Bubble formation varied inversely with electrode surface area (r = .876). Bubble formation, however, varied minimally as interelectrode spacing was changed from 1 to 20 cm. The effect of polarity on bubble formation when the Medtronic 6992A distal electrode and an 8.5 cm disk electrode separated by 10 cm were used was highly significant. For a 200 J pulse, bubble formation with the catheter as anode was 3.30 +/- 0.10 ml and with the catheter as cathode it was 0.070 +/- 0.002 ml (p less than .001). Mass spectrometry of both anodal and cathodal gas samples demonstrated the constituents of the gas bubble to include a variety of gases, which is inconsistent with simple electrolytic production of the bubbles observed. The predominance of nitrogen in either polarity sample suggested that the principal source of the bubble was dissolved air. In summary, bubble formation at an electrode receiving damped sinusoidal outputs from a standard defibrillator does not vary significantly with varying interelectrode distance. However, it is directly proportional to energy and inversely proportional to electrode surface area. Anodal catheter discharges produce considerably more bubbles than do cathodal discharges. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Clinical Validation of an Office-Based 14C-UBT (Heliprobe) for H. pylori Diagnosis in Iranian Dyspeptic Patients

Background. We encountered repeatedly, in our clinical practice, discordant results between UBT and histopathology about H. pylori infection. Goal. To study the diagnostic accuracy of Heliprobe 14C-urea breath test (14C-UBT) for detection of H. pylori infection in an Iranian population. Study. We enrolled 125 dyspeptic patients in our study. All of them underwent gastroscopy, and four gastric biopsies (three from the antrum and one from the corpus) were obtained. One of the antral biopsies was utilized for a rapid urease test (RUT), and three others were evaluated under microscopic examination. Sera from all patients were investigated for the presence of H. pylori IgG antibodies. The 14C-UBT was performed on all subjects using Heliprobe kit, and results were analyzed against the following gold standard (GS): H. pylori infection considered positive when any two of three diagnostic methods (histopathology, RUT, serology) are positive. Results. According to data analysis, the Heliprobe 14C-UBT had 94% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 93% negative predictive value (NPV), 100% positive predictive value (PPV), and 97% accuracy, compared with GS. Conclusion. The Heliprobe 14C-UBT is an easy-to-perform, rapid-response, and accurate test for H. pylori diagnosis, suitable for office use.
Impaired Fasting Glucose and Impaired Glucose Tolerance

Type 2 diabetes is now epidemic. In the U.S., there has been a 61% increase in incidence between 1990 and 2001 (1). There are currently 1.5 million new cases per year, and the prevalence in 2005 was almost 21 million (2). The epidemic has affected developed and developing countries alike, and the worldwide prevalence of diabetes is projected to increase dramatically by 2025 (3). The increase in type 2 diabetes is related to lifestyle changes that have resulted in overweight, obesity, and decreased physical activity levels. These environmental changes, superimposed on genetic predisposition, increase insulin resistance, which, in concert with progressive β-cell failure, results in rising glycemia in the nondiabetic range. In addition to the risk for diabetes, insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion are accompanied by a host of major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors including hypertension and dyslipidemia. Further reduction in insulin secretion over time results in increasing glycemia and the development of diabetes, which in turn is associated with the development of microvascular and cardiovascular complications. The transition from the early metabolic abnormalities that precede diabetes, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), to diabetes may take many years; however, current estimates indicate that most individuals (perhaps up to 70%) with these pre-diabetic states eventually develop diabetes (4–10). During the pre-diabetic state, the risk of a CVD event is modestly increased (11–22). With the development of diabetes, however, there is a large increase in risk for CVD, as well as for long-term complications affecting the eyes, kidneys, and nervous system. The complications of diabetes, which are the cause of major morbidity and mortality, are related to its duration, chronic level of glycemia, and other risk factors. Although clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of intensive glycemic and blood pressure control to …
Implementation of velocity slip and temperature jump boundary conditions for microfluidic devices

The motivation of this work is to obtain a simulation tool which will be capable of modelling simple micro-devices in the gas slip flow regime. To achieve this goal Maxwell Smoluchowski boundary conditions were implemented by means of a udf routine into the commercial fluid finite volume solver Fluent. The applied velocity slip and temperature jump boundary condition are varied for small Knudsen numbers Kn ¬ 0.1. In this regime there are several industrial applications such as micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), heat exchange on chips and boundary layer problems for aerospace and turbomachinery applications. This report shows how the boundary condition implementation was done and is applied to a number of test cases: flow through a rectangular channel, Couette flow between two cylindrical surfaces, thermal creep flow between two heated tanks, flow through a bended diverging channel, a box heated with different wall temperatures and a vortex pattern flow between cylindrical surfaces heated with different temperatures. Among the test case setups are a few validation cases where good agreement with numerical or analytical results from references was obtained. Additional verification test cases were created in order to demonstrate certain abilities of the implementation. List of Symbols ∆m Residual of momentum equation γ Specific heat ratio λ Mean free path μ Dynamic viscosity ω Rotational velocity ρ Density σ Molecular diameter σT Thermal accommodation coefficient σv Tangential momentum accommodation coefficient ζ Slip length A,B Constants in analytical equation b Constant in boundary condition formulation c Transformation coefficients f Under-relaxation factor h Channel height k Boltzmann constant Kn Knudsen number L Channel length l Characteristic length scale ~n Unit wall-normal vector p Pressure Pr Prandtl number R Specific gas constant, radius T Temperature uτ Circumferential velocity ~ U Velocity vector in fixed coordinate system ~u Velocity vector in local wall coordinate system
Document image decoding using Markov source models

The authors describe a communication theory approach to document image reconstruction, patterned after the use of hidden Markov models in speech recognition. A document recognition problem is viewed as consisting of three elements-an image generator, a noisy channel, and an image decoder. A document image generator is a Markov source which combines a message source with an imager. The message source produces a string of symbols which contains the information to be transmitted. The imager is modeled as a finite-state transducer, which converts the message into an ideal bitmap. The channel transforms the ideal image into a noisy observed image. The decoder estimates the message from the observed image by finding the a posteriori most probable path through the combined source and channel models using a Viterbi-like algorithm. Application of the proposed method to decoding telephone yellow pages is described. <<ETX>>