Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
pVHL/HIF-Regulated CD70 Expression Is Associated with Infiltration of CD27+ Lymphocytes and Increased Serum Levels of Soluble CD27 in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Purpose: CD70, a member of the TNF ligand superfamily, has been shown frequently overexpressed in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The mechanisms of CD70′s upregulation and its role in ccRCC are unknown. Experimental Design: CD70 expression was immunohistochemically analyzed in 667 RCCs and RCC metastases. Von Hippel–Lindau gene (VHL) mutations, expression patterns of VHL protein (pVHL), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) α, and several HIF targets were studied in tissues and cell lines and correlated with CD70 overexpression. Gene promoter analysis was performed to confirm CD70 as HIF target gene. Consecutive tissue sections were immunostained to reveal the relation between CD70-expressing RCCs and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes positive for the CD70 receptor (CD27). CD70-mediated release of soluble CD27 in RCC was assessed by coculture experiments and sera analysis of patients with RCC. Results: Elevated CD70 expression was seen in 80% of primary tumors and metastases of ccRCC and correlated with dysregulation of the pVHL/HIF pathway. In vitro analyses demonstrated that CD70 upregulation is driven by HIF. Furthermore, CD27+ lymphocytes preferentially infiltrate CD70-expressing ccRCCs. CD70-dependent release of soluble CD27 in cocultures may explain the high CD27 levels observed in sera of patients with CD70-expressing ccRCC. The combination of lymphocyte infiltration and CD70 expression in RCC was associated with worse patient outcome. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that in ccRCC, CD70 expression is regulated by HIF as a consequence of pVHL inactivation. Increased serum levels of CD27 suggest the existence of CD70-expressing ccRCC, thus representing a potential serum marker for patients suffering from this disease. Clin Cancer Res; 21(4); 889–98. ©2015 AACR.
Secretory Otitis Media

REFERENCES Bateman G H (1957) J Laryng. 71, 261 Beck J (1926) Beitr. Anat. &c. Ohr. 24, 12 Bouche J, Chaix M & Hannequin M (1960) Ann. Oto-laryng. 77, 763 Friedmann I (1955) J. Laryng. 69, 588 (1956) J. clin. Path. 9, 299 Gessert C F, Baumann E S & Senturia B H (1959) Ann. Otol. Rhin. Laryng. 68, 1028 (1960) Ann. Otol. Rhin. Laryng. 69, 936 Hawk P B, Oser B L & Summerson W H (1954) Practical Physiological Chemistry. 13th ed. New York Haymann L (1912) Arch. Ohr. -, Nas. -, u. KehikHeilk. 89, 267 Litton W B & McCabe B F (1962) Laryngoscope, St Louis 72, 182 Ojala L (1950) Acta otolaryng. , Stockh. Suppl. 86 (1953) Arch. Otolaryng. , Chicago 57, 378 Riuedi L (1937) Acta otolaryng. , Stockh. Suppl. 22 Semenov H (1936) Trans. Laryng. Amer. med. Ass. p 279 Senturia B H, Carr C D & Ahlvin R C (1962) Ann. Otol. Rhin. Laryng. 71, 632 Senturia B H, Caff C D & Rosenblut B (1962) Acta otolaryng. , Stockh. 54, 383 Senturia B H, Gessert C F, Canr C D & Baumann E S (1958) Ann. Otol. Rhin. Laryng. 67, 440 (1960) Trans. Amer. Acad. Ophthal. Oto-laryng. 64, 60 Siirala U & Vuori M (1954) Acta otolaryng. , Stockh. 44, 197 Singer L (1932) Z. Ohrenheilk. 78, 83
Serum Levels of Neuron-Specific Enolase in Children With Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Neuron-specific enolase is a sensitive marker of neuronal damage in various neurologic disorders. This study aimed to measure serum neuron-specific enolase levels at different time points and severities of diabetic ketoacidosis. This study included 90 children (age 9.2 ± 3.4 years) with diabetic ketoacidosis. Neuron-specific enolase was measured at 3 time points (baseline and after 12 and 24 hours of starting treatment). Among patients, 74.4% had diagnosis of new diabetes, 60% had Glasgow Coma Scale score <15, and 75.6% had moderate/severe diabetic ketoacidosis. Compared with controls (n = 30), children with diabetic ketoacidosis had higher neuron-specific enolase levels at the 3 time points (P = .0001). In multiple regression analysis, the factors associated with higher neuron-specific enolase levels were younger age, higher glucose, lower pH, and bicarbonate values. This study indicates that serum neuron-specific enolase is elevated in diabetic ketoacidosis and correlated with the severity of hyperglycemia, ketosis, and acidosis. This study indicates that diabetic ketoacidosis may cause neuronal injury from which the patients recovered partially but not completely.
Perilaku Merokok Remaja Sekolah Menengah Pertama

Saat ini, perilaku merokok semakin merata, bukan hanya perilaku orang de-wasa, tetapi juga telah menjadi gaya hidup para remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan, interaksi kelompok sebaya, interaksi keluarga, iklan rokok, dan sikap dengan perilaku merokok remaja di kota Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi observasional cross sectional. Teknik sampling menggunakan multistage random sampling dengan jumlah sampel 471 responden. Data dianalisis dengan uji kai kuadrat, koefisien phi(f) dengan α = 0,05. Responden perokok sekitar 25,3%, sementara responden yang berpengetahuan rendah 16,6%, ber-interaksi negatif dengan kelompok sebaya 24,2%, berinteraksi negatif dengan keluarga 47,8%, respons negatif iklan rokok 4,9%, dan sikap negatif 3,4%. Uji kai kuadrat menunjukkan ada hubungan antara interaksi kelom-pok sebaya (nilai p = 0,000), interaksi keluarga (nilai p = 0,010), iklan rokok (nilai p = 0,000), dan sikap merokok (nilai p = 0,001) dengan perilaku merokok remaja. Tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan perilaku merokok remaja (nilai p = 0,056). Kelompok sebaya dan iklan rokok berpengaruh paling bermakna pada perilaku merokok remaja. Sekolah perlu dilibatkan lebih intensif pada upaya pencegahan dan intervensi peri-laku merokok pada anak dan remaja. Nowadays, Smoking not only the behavior of adults, but it has become a way of life for most of teenagers. The study aimed to analyze the correlation between knowledge, peer group interaction, family interaction, cigarette advertisement, and attitude of smoking between smoking behavior among teenagers in Makassar city. Observational cross sectional study was performed in this study. There were 471 respondents selected by applying multistage random sampling. Data was analyzed with chi square test, phi coefficient (f) with α = 0.05. Number of smokers were 25.3% of respondents, meanwhile, low knowledge of respondents were 16.6%, a negative interaction within a peer group of 24.2%, a negative interaction with family 47.8%, the negative response to cigarette advertising 4.9%, and a negative attitude 3.4%. Chi square test showed there was a correlation between peer group interaction (p value = 0.000), family interaction (p value = 0.010), cigarette advertisement (p value = 0.000), and smoking attitude (p value = 0,001), and smoking behavior of the teenagers. However, no correlation between the level of knowledge (p value = 0.056) and smoking behavior among the teenagers. Peer group and cigarette advertisement most signif-icant affect smoking behavior of teenagers. It is recommended that schools need to be involved to provide prevention and intervention on smoking behavior of teenagers are more intensive.
An oleaginous supplement to improve the nutritional quality of goat's milk and cheese (whole or extruded linseed, rapeseed cake)

Extruded linseed supplement is widely used to improve the nutritional quality of ruminant products by increasing the percentage of the polyunsaturated (PUFA), the omega 3 and the conjugated linoleic (CLA) fatty acids. In order to decrease costs and environmental impacts of treatment and of transport, it would be interesting to privilege the native linseed and/or local sources in unsaturated fatty acids such as rapeseed cake. This work studied the effects of a linseed (whole and extruded forms) and of a rapeseed cake supplement on fatty acid composition of goat milk and cheeses. The diet did not affect the milk yield or the milk fat and protein content. The cheese-making outputs were also similar. The milk fatty acid composition showed that the bio- hydrogenation was less complete with the extruded linseed and increased the PUFA, omega 3 and CLA contents. However, whole seed could be digested and similar modifications induced. The rapeseed cake induced significantly less saturated fatty acids and a high CLA content. It also seemed to maintain conditions in the rumen that limit hydrogenation. Lastly, cheese-making and refining did not alter the fatty acid composition.
Effects of Genetic Background on Thermoregulation and Fatty Acid-induced Uncoupling of Mitochondria in UCP1-deficient Mice*

An interaction between free fatty acids and UCP1 (uncoupling protein-1) leading to de-energization of mitochondria was assumed to be a key event for triggering heat production in brown fat. Recently, Matthiaset al., finding indistinguishable de-energization of isolated brown fat mitochondria by fatty acids in UCP1-deficient mice and control mice, challenged this assumption (Matthias, A., Jacobsson, A., Cannon, B., and Nedergaard, J. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 28150–28160). Since their results were obtained using UCP1-deficient and control mice on an undefined genetic background, we wanted to determine unambiguously the phenotype of UCP1 deficiency with the targeted Ucp1 allele on congenic C57BL/6J and 129/SvImJ backgrounds. UCP1-deficient congenic mice have a very pronounced cold-sensitive phenotype; however, deficient mice on the F1 hybrid background were resistant to cold. We propose that heterosis provides a mechanism to compensate for UCP1 deficiency. Contrary to the results of Matthias et al., we found a significant loss of fatty acid-induced de-energization, as reflected by membrane potential and oxygen consumption, in brown fat mitochondria from UCP1-deficient mice. Unlike cold sensitivity, fatty acid-induced uncoupling of mitochondria was independent of the genetic background of UCP1-deficient mice. We propose that intracellular free fatty acids directly regulate uncoupling activity of UCP1 in a manner consistent with models described in the literature.
Generation of Active Species in a Large Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Jet

Low-temperature atmospheric-pressure plasma jets (APPJs) are being increasingly used in surface activation, cleaning, wound care, and sterilization applications. The development of successful applications using these systems depends on the ability to tailor the active species generated in the plasma jets to match the treatment requirements. This paper presents an investigation of the effect of sinusoidal drive frequency (20-140 kHz), on a helium discharge formed using an APPJ. The discharge was formed in a large-orifice 16-mm-diameter quartz tube with a treatment area of ≈ 2cm2 at the nozzle exit. Optical, polychromic emission, and thermographic imaging data were correlated with electrical measurements. These measurements indicated that the coupling efficiency was frequency dependent. As a result of differences in coupling efficiency, variations in active species (N2, N2+, O, and NO) present in the discharge were observed. The concentration of active species was also dependent on the distance from the powered electrodes. As well as altering the concentration of active species in the discharge, changes in frequency resulted in higher discharge temperatures (25 °C at 20 kHz to 40 °C at 80 kHz). The temperature was measured on the quartz tube, and steady state was reached after 120 s. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the frequency/distance dependence on the active species in the discharge. This dependence makes it possible to control the active species present at the plasma jet orifice by tailoring the frequency and tube length.
Preliminary analysis of the Very Early Diagnosis of Systemic Sclerosis (VEDOSS) EUSTAR multicentre study: evidence for puffy fingers as a pivotal sign for suspicion of systemic sclerosis

Objectives The EULAR (European League Against Rheumatism) Scleroderma Trials and Research Group (EUSTAR) has identified preliminary criteria for very early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Our aim was to assess the prevalence of each proposed diagnostic item in a large observational patient cohort with Raynaud's phenomenon (RP). Methods Baseline data of 469 RP patients enrolled into the Very Early Diagnosis of Systemic Sclerosis (VEDOSS) cohort are presented. Results 68% of all RP patients were antinuclear antibody (ANA) positive. ANA+ RP patients more frequently had previous or current puffy fingers (PuFi) (38.5% and 23.3%, p<0.01) and an SSc pattern on nailfold capillaroscopy (NC) (53.6% and 13.4%, p<0.001) than ANA− patients. Telangiectasia, current digital ulcers and digital pitting scars were also commoner in ANA+ RP patients. 38% of ANA+ patients presented with all three features, which should raise suspicion of very early SSc (ANA+RP+PuFi constitutes a ‘red flag’). These patients more frequently exhibited an NC SSc pattern, sclerodactyly and telangiectases compared to ANA+ patients without PuFi. Almost 90% of patients with ‘red flags’ had anti-centromere or anti-topoisomerase I antibodies and/or an NC SSc pattern, and fulfilled the EUSTAR criteria for very early SSc. Previous or current PuFi were present in 23.3% of ANA− RP patients, eight of whom also had an NC SSc pattern. Conclusions In addition to well-characterised predictive factors, PuFi is an important sign raising suspicion for underlying very early SSc in patients with RP. The relevance of PuFi in ANA− RP patients should be clarified.
The Cognitive and Behavioral Economics of Envy

Economists traditionally model choice as the maximization of a stable utility function. A simple way of modeling envy (though not the only one) is by adding a term which is a negative function of the consumption of the other agent(s) in one's own utility function. This paper briefly reviews some applications and implications of the envy model. While the potential applications of the envy model are increasingly well understood, the cognitive economics of envy is much less well understood. First, an envy model requires a specification of the reference group in relation to which the agent is in a rate race for. Second, envy could operate not between individuals but between groups. Third, and more generally, envy has a 'thick' cognitive component underlying the behavior that is supposed to produce.
Runtime Support for Memory Adaptation in Scientific Applications via Local Disk and Remote Memory

The ever increasing memory demands of many scientific applications and the complexity of today's shared computational resources still require the occasional use of virtual memory, network memory, or even out-of-core implementations, with well known drawbacks in performance and usability. In this paper, we present a general framework, based on our earlier MML B prototype, that enables fully customizable, memory malleability in a wide variety of scientific applications. We provide several necessary enhancements to the environment sensing capabilities of MMLIB and introduce a remote memory capability, based on MPI communication of cached memory blocks between `compute nodes' and designated memory servers. We show experimental results from three important scientific applications that require the general MML B framework. Under constant memory pressure, we observe execution time improvements of factors between three and five over relying solely on the virtual memory system. With remote memory employed, these factors are even larger and significantly better than other, system-level remote memory implementations
Assessment for learning: using minor assessment to promote major learning

The authors have previously reported the effectiveness of using self and peer assessment to improve learning outcomes in groupwork by providing opportunities to practise, assess and provide feedback on students’ attribute development. Combining this research and that reported in the literature regarding learning-oriented assessment we theorised that self and peer assessment would be an ideal tool to develop and efficiently facilitate activities specifically designed to be student centred and promote learning.
Matrix-Variate Factor Analysis and Its Applications

Factor analysis (FA) seeks to reveal the relationship between an observed vector variable and a latent variable of reduced dimension. It has been widely used in many applications involving high-dimensional data, such as image representation and face recognition. An intrinsic limitation of FA lies in its potentially poor performance when the data dimension is high, a problem known as curse of dimensionality. Motivated by the fact that images are inherently matrices, we develop, in this brief, an FA model for matrix-variate variables and present an efficient parameter estimation algorithm. Experiments on both toy and real-world image data demonstrate that the proposed matrix-variant FA model is more efficient and accurate than the classical FA approach, especially when the observed variable is high-dimensional and the samples available are limited.
On the Consistency of Ordinal Regression Methods

Many of the ordinal regression models that have been proposed in the literature can be seen as methods that minimize a convex surrogate of the zero-one, absolute, or squared loss functions. A key property that allows to study the statistical implications of such approximations is that of Fisher consistency. Fisher consistency is a desirable property for surrogate loss functions and implies that in the population setting, i.e., if the probability distribution that generates the data were available, then optimization of the surrogate would yield the best possible model. In this paper we will characterize the Fisher consistency of a rich family of surrogate loss functions used in the context of ordinal regression, including support vector ordinal regression, ORBoosting and least absolute deviation. We will see that, for a family of surrogate loss functions that subsumes support vector ordinal regression and ORBoosting, consistency can be fully characterized by the derivative of a real-valued function at zero, as happens for convex margin-based surrogates in binary classification. We also derive excess risk bounds for a surrogate of the absolute error that generalize existing risk bounds for binary classification. Finally, our analysis suggests a novel surrogate of the squared error loss. We compare this novel surrogate with competing approaches on 9 different datasets. Our method shows to be highly competitive in practice, outperforming the least squares loss on 7 out of 9 datasets.
Minimal 11-year follow-up of extensively porous-coated stems in femoral revision total hip arthroplasty.

Between 1984 and 1989, 188 consecutive femoral revision surgeries were performed. Eighteen patients died or were lost to follow-up, and the remaining 170 patients were followed for 11 to 16 years (mean, 14.2 years). Radiographic evidence of a bone ingrown stem was present in 82% of the hips, stable fibrous fixation was present in 14% of the hips, and 4% of the hips were unstable. Six stems were revised to a larger, fully coated cementless implant. Proximal femoral osteolysis was seen in 23% of femora but was limited to Gruen zones 1 and 7. No diaphyseal osteolysis was seen. The overall mechanical failure rate in this series was 4.1%. Failure of fixation correlated highly with extent of bone loss present at the time of surgery. On the basis of the radiographic and clinical results at a mean follow-up of 14.2 years, we recommend the use of extensively coated femoral stems in revision hip arthroplasty.
Submodularity for Data Selection in Machine Translation

We introduce submodular optimization to the problem of training data subset selection for statistical machine translation (SMT). By explicitly formulating data selection as a submodular program, we obtain fast scalable selection algorithms with mathematical performance guarantees, resulting in a unified framework that clarifies existing approaches and also makes both new and many previous approaches easily accessible. We present a new class of submodular functions designed specifically for SMT and evaluate them on two different translation tasks. Our results show that our best submodular method significantly outperforms several baseline methods, including the widely-used cross-entropy based data selection method. In addition, our approach easily scales to large data sets and is applicable to other data selection problems in natural language processing.
Capsule Enlargement in Cryptococcus neoformans Is Dependent on Mitochondrial Activity

Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental encapsulated yeast that behaves as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. The capsule is the main virulence factor of this pathogen. This structure is highly dynamic, and it can change its size and structure according to the environmental conditions. During infection, C. neoformans significantly enlarges the size of the capsule by the addition of new polysaccharide. It is believed that capsule growth is an energy-cost process, but this aspect has never been addressed. In this work, we have evaluated the role of mitochondrial activity on capsule growth using specific inhibitors of the electron respiratory chain. We observed that capsule growth was impaired in the presence of inhibitors of the respiratory chain as salicylhydroxamic acid or antimycin A. Furthermore, capsule growth correlated with an increase of the mitochondrial membrane potential and higher production of reactive oxygen species. Our results confirm that capsule growth depends on mitochondrial activity, and open new insights to understand the regulation of this process.
Music-Content-Adaptive Robust Principal Component Analysis for a Semantically Consistent Separation of Foreground and Background in Music Audio Signals

Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) is a technique to decompose signals into sparse and low rank components, and has recently drawn the attention of the MIR field for the problem of separating leading vocals from accompaniment, with appealing re-sults obtained on small excerpts of music. However, the perfor-mance of the method drops when processing entire music tracks. We present an adaptive formulation of RPCA that incorporates music content information to guide the decomposition. Experi-ments on a set of complete music tracks of various genres show that the proposed algorithm is able to better process entire pieces of music that may exhibit large variations in the music content, and compares favorably with the state-of-the-art.
Corporate Hierarchies and the Size of Nations: Theory and Evidence

Corporate organization varies within a country and across countries with country size. The paper starts by establishing some facts about corporate organization based on unique data of 660 Austrian and German corporations. The larger country (Germany) has larger firms with flatter more decentral corporate hierarchies compared to the smaller country (Austria). Firms in the larger country change their organization less fast than firms in the smaller country. Over time firms have been introducing less hierarchical organizations by delegating power to lower levels of the corporation. We develop a theory which explains these facts and which links these features to the trade environment that countries and firms face. We introduce firms with internal hierarchies in a Krugman (1980) model of trade. We show that international trade and the toughness of competition in international markets induce a power struggle in firms which eventually leads to decentralized corporate hierarchies. We offer econometric evidence which is consistent with the models predictions.