Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Histopathologic Findings of Eyes Enucleated After Treatment with Chemosurgery for Retinoblastoma

Introduction: Intra-arterial chemotherapy (chemosurgery) for the treatment of retinoblastoma has been performed more than 1600 times (more than 1400 times in Japan and 200 times in New York) over the past 20 years.Despite this treatment’s success some eyes cannot be saved and require enucleation. Here we report the histopathologic findings of the remaining intraocular tumor of eyes that were enucleated following treatment that included chemosurgery in New York City. Materials and Methodology: Independent histopathologic review of the enucleated eyes was correlated with the clinical findings that prompted enucleation. Results: Between May 1, 2006 and April 30, 2009, 56 eyes received chemosurgery at our institution, and 10 of these were enucleated subsequently. All were Reese Ellsworth Group 5 at enucleation. Of the 21 eyes that were treated with chemosurgery as the primary treatment, 1 (5%) was enucleated subsequently; its histopathology revealed residual non-necrotic, non-calcified tumor. Of the 34 eyes treated with chemosurgery after other treatments, 9 (24%) were enucleated, and 5 of these eyes contained non-calcified, non-necrotic tumor. None was enucleated for complications of chemosurgery. All patients were alive and free of metastatic disease as of September 2009. Conclusions: A significant number of eyes with advanced intraocular retinoblastoma avoided enucleation as a result of chemosurgery. The rate of eyes that were enucleated was higher when chemosurgery was the secondary rather than the primary treatment. Of the eight eyes enucleated for progressive disease six had non-necrotic, non-calcified tumor cells.
Static-static-light-light tetraquarks in lattice QCD

I report on a lattice computation of the energy of a system of two light quarks and two static antiquarks as a function of the separation of the static antiquarks. In terms of hadrons such a system corresponds to a pair of B mesons and its energy to the hadronic potential. I present selected results for different isospin, spin and parity combinations of the individual B mesons mainly focusing on those channels relevant to determine, whether two B mesons may form a bound tetraquark state.
Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience

Parallel tree skeletons are basic computational patterns that can be used to develop parallel programs for manipulating trees. In this paper, we propose an efficient implementation of parallel tree skeletons on distributed-memory parallel computers. In our implementation, we divide a binary tree to segments based on the idea of m-bridges with high locality, and represent local segments as serialized arrays for high sequential performance. We furthermore develop a cost model for our implementation of parallel tree skeletons. We confirm the efficacy of our implementation with several experiments.
Bioenergetic consequences of lactose starvation for continuously cultured Streptococcus cremoris

Streptococcus cremoris cells that had been grown in a chemostat were starved for lactose. The viability of the culture remained essentially constant in the first hours of starvation and subsequently declined logarithmically. The viability pattern during starvation varied with the previously imposed growth rates. The death rates were 0.029, 0.076, and 0.298 h-1 for cells grown at dilution rates of 0.07, 0.11 and 0.38 h-1, respectively. The proton motive force and the pools of energy-rich phosphorylated intermediates in cells grown at a dilution rate of 0.10 h-1 fell to zero within 2 h of starvation. The culture, however, remained fully viable for at least 20 h, indicating that these energy-rich intermediates are not crucial for survival during long-term lactose starvation. Upon starvation, the intracellular pools of several amino acids depleted with the proton motive force, while large concentration gradients of the amino acids alanine, glycine, aspartate, and glutamate were retained for several hours. A quantitative analysis of the amino acids released indicated that nonspecific protein degradation was not a major cause of the loss in viability. The response of the energy metabolism of starved S. cremoris cells upon refeeding with lactose was monitored. Upon lactose starvation, the glycolytic activity and the rate of proton motive force generation decreased rapidly but the steady-state level of the proton motive force decreased significantly only after several hours. The decreasing steady-state level of the proton motive force and consequently the capacity to accumulate amino acids after the addition of lactose correlated well with the loss of viability. The response of the energy metabolism of starved S. cremoris cells upon refeeding with lactose was monitored. Upon lactose starvation, the glycolytic activity and the rate of proton motive force generation decreased rapidly but the steady-state level of the proton motive force decreased significantly only after several hours. The decreasing steady-state level of the proton motive force and consequently the capacity to accumulate amino acids after the addition of lactose correlated well with the loss of viability. It is concluded that a regulatory loss of glycolytic capacity has pivotal role in the survival of S. cremoris under the conditions used.
Shopfloor innovation: Facilitating the suggestion and implementation of ideas

Despite increasing recognition of the importance of fostering innovation among shopfloor employees, little empirical research has been conducted on the topic. Moreover, within work psychology, studies have tended to focus on the generation of ideas (creativity) rather than on their implementation. This study examines the impact of individual perceptions of individual, group and organizational factors on both elements of innovation. It was found that the suggestion of ideas was more highly related to individual (personal and job) characteristics than the group and organizational characteristics; whereas the implementation of ideas was more strongly predicted by group and organizational characteristics. As expected, interactions were found between the number of suggestions made and group and organizational characteristics, demonstrating how successful implementation of new ideas requires both their formulation in the first place and an appropriately supportive environment. Analysis to explore which factors have the greatest impact on the innovation process was also conducted. The practical, theoretical and methodological implications of the study are discussed.
Re-examining vocalic variation in Scottish English: a Cognitive Grammar approach

ABSTRACT The existing literature on vocalic variation in Scottish English has shown that variation tends to pattern according to the age, gender, and socioeconomic class of the speaker. However, studies that employ these gross social categories are unable to explain the variation that exists within these categories. This article therefore presents an alternative approach. Based on data from 16 adolescents who form a community of practice in west Fife, Scotland, this article attempts to consider both social and cognitive motivations for linguistic variation. The theoretical framework of Cognitive Grammar is particularly well-suited to incorporating sociolinguistic variation, and this article illustrates how an exploration of frequency effects and schematic organization can lead to a more insightful understanding of the patterning of two vocalic variables in a community. This article also explores the implications of these findings for our understanding of the place of sociolinguistics in cognitive theories of linguistics.
Mukha Mo: A Preliminary Study on Filipino Facial Expressions

This study tested the universality hypothesis on facial expression judgment by applying cross-cultural agreement tests on Filipinos. The Facial Action Coding System constructed by Ekman and Friesen (1976) was used as basis for creating stimuli photos that 101 college student observers were made to identify. Contextualization for each emotion was also solicited from subjects to provide qualitative bases for their judgments. The results showed that for five of the six emotions studied, excepting fear, the majority of the observers judged the expressions as predicted. The judgment of happiness supplied the strongest evidence for universality, having the highest correctness rate and inter-observer agreement. There was also high agreement among observers and between Filipinos and other cultures about the most intense and second most intense emotion signaled by each stimulus for these five emotions. Difficulty with the recognition of fear, as well as its common association with the emotion of sadness, has been found. Such findings shall serve as baseline data for the study of facial expressions in the Philippines.
Evaluation of the Possible Protective Role of Quercetin on Letrozole-induced Testicular Injury in Male Albino Rats

Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to appraise the possible adverse effects of quercetin against the aromatase inhibitor letrozole-induced developmental toxicity potential in male Wistar rats. Methods: Control male albino rats were received vehicles used for flavonoids and vehicle used for letrozole. The rats in the first experimental group received letrozole at 0.04 mg/kg body weight (bwt) for 3 months. The second experimental group was treated with the flavonoid quercetin by gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg bwt for 10 consecutive days after letrozole administration. Results: Major treatment-related effects of letrozole included a dose-dependent increase in hormone levels and lipid peroxidation following exposure to 0. 04 mg/kg letrozole; and severe abnormalities with severe cellular deformation and disorganization in both spermatogenic and interstitial cells. The seminiferous tubules of the testes of the animals given quercetin and letrozole exhibited a rather normal appearance and the measured hormone levels were restored to nearly the normal levels. Conclusion: Exposure doses of letrozole that are equal to the daily recommended human dose has toxic effects on the spermatogenic lineage in rats, while simultaneous treatment of quercetin and letrozole could prevent the deleterious effects on testicular tissue caused by letrozole administration.
Learning Probabilistic Inference through Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity

Abstract Numerous experimental data show that the brain is able to extract information from complex, uncertain, and often ambiguous experiences. Furthermore, it can use such learnt information for decision making through probabilistic inference. Several models have been proposed that aim at explaining how probabilistic inference could be performed by networks of neurons in the brain. We propose here a model that can also explain how such neural network could acquire the necessary information for that from examples. We show that spike-timing-dependent plasticity in combination with intrinsic plasticity generates in ensembles of pyramidal cells with lateral inhibition a fundamental building block for that: probabilistic associations between neurons that represent through their firing current values of random variables. Furthermore, by combining such adaptive network motifs in a recursive manner the resulting network is enabled to extract statistical information from complex input streams, and to build an internal model for the distribution p* that generates the examples it receives. This holds even if p* contains higher-order moments. The analysis of this learning process is supported by a rigorous theoretical foundation. Furthermore, we show that the network can use the learnt internal model immediately for prediction, decision making, and other types of probabilistic inference.
Pivotal Role of Rho-Associated Kinase 2 in Generating the Intrinsic Circadian Rhythm of Vascular Contractility

Background— The circadian variation in the incidence of cardiovascular events may be attributable to the circadian changes in vascular contractility. The circadian rhythm of vascular contractility is determined by the interplay between the central and peripheral clocks. However, the molecular mechanism of the vascular intrinsic clock that generates the circadian rhythm of vascular contractility still remains largely unknown. Methods and Results— The agonist-induced phosphorylation of myosin light chain in cultured smooth muscle cells synchronized by dexamethasone pulse treatment exhibited an apparent circadian oscillation, with a 25.4-hour cycle length. The pharmacological inhibition and knockdown of Rho-associated kinase 2 (ROCK2) abolished the circadian rhythm of myosin light chain phosphorylation. The expression and activity of ROCK2 exhibited a circadian rhythm in phase with that of myosin light chain phosphorylation. A clock gene, ROR&agr;, activated the promoter of the ROCK2 gene, whereas its knockdown abolished the rhythmic expression of ROCK2. In the mouse aorta, ROCK2 expression exhibited the circadian oscillation, with a peak at Zeitgeber time 0/24 and a nadir at Zeitgeber time 12. The myofilament Ca2+ sensitization induced by GTP&ggr;S and U46619, a thromboxane A2 analog, at Zeitgeber time 0/24 was greater than that seen at Zeitgeber time 12. The circadian rhythm of ROCK2 expression and myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity was abolished in staggerer mutant mice, which lack a functional ROR&agr;. Conclusions— ROCK2 plays a pivotal role in generating the intrinsic circadian rhythm of vascular contractility by receiving a cue from ROR&agr;. The ROCK2-mediated intrinsic rhythm of vascular contractility may underlie the diurnal variation of the incidence of cardiovascular diseases.
"FAMILY VALUES" AND DOMESTIC ECONOMIES

▪ Abstract This review inverts the idiom “family values” to show the value of the family. It grounds this value in family economic activity but advocates an interactive approach in which cultural commitments to the family influence economic and political outcomes. Historical and ethnographic research on the family is mustered to illustrate the interaction and then combined with theories of capitalism and nationalism to account for the resonance of the family values discourse. A final section reviews the potential dangers of family-focused research. That tradesman who does not delight in his family will never long delight in his business. D. Defoe
Bilateral Stereotaxic Lesions in the Management of Parkinsonism and the Dyskinesias

Since the establishment of stereotaxic surgery as a therapeutic procedure of value in the management of Parkinsonism and the dyskinesias, most centres specializing in this operation have carried it out bilaterally in some of their patients. However, bilateral stereotaxic surgery has been associated with a certain amount of hazard, somewhat greater than in the case of unilateral operations. There has been a general reluctance to subject these patients to operation on both hemispheres, and the criteria for selection for surgery have been more strictly applied before the second procedure.
Network–Behavior Dynamics

Researchers have become increasingly interested in disentangling selection and influence processes. This literature review provides context for the special issue on network–behavior dynamics. It brings together important conceptual, methodological, and empirical contributions focusing on longitudinal social network modeling. First, an overview of mechanisms underlying selection and influence is given. After a description of the shortcomings of previous studies in this area, the stochastic actor-based model is sketched; this is used in this special issue to examine network–behavior dynamics. The preconditions for such analyses are discussed, as are common model specification issues. Next, recent empirical advances in research on adolescence are discussed, focusing on new insights into moderating effects, initiation of behaviors, time heterogeneity, mediation effects, and negative ties.
Phrase Localization and Visual Relationship Detection with Comprehensive Linguistic Cues

This paper presents a framework for localization or grounding of phrases in images using a large collection of linguistic and visual cues.1 We model the appearance, size, and position of entity bounding boxes, adjectives that contain attribute information, and spatial relationships between pairs of entities connected by verbs or prepositions. We pay special attention to relationships between people and clothing or body part mentions, as they are useful for distinguishing individuals. We automatically learn weights for combining these cues and at test time, perform joint inference over all phrases in a caption. The resulting system produces a 5% improvement in accuracy over the state of the art on phrase localization on the Flickr30k Entities dataset [25] and a 4-10% improvement for visual relationship detection on the Stanford VRD dataset [20].
Social Networks, Personalized Advertising, and Privacy Controls

This article investigates how Internet users’ perceptions of control over their personal information affect how likely they are to click on online advertising on a social networking website. The analysis uses data from a randomized field experiment that examined the effectiveness of personalizing ad text with user-posted personal information relative to generic text. The website gave users more control over their personally identifiable information in the middle of the field test. However, the website did not change how advertisers used data to target and personalize ads. Before the policy change, personalized ads did not perform particularly well. However, after this enhancement of perceived control over privacy, users were nearly twice as likely to click on personalized ads. Ads that targeted but did not use personalized text remained unchanged in effectiveness. The increase in effectiveness was larger for ads that used more unique private information to personalize their message and for target groups that were more likely to use opt-out privacy settings.
Transforming a Six Month Release Cycle to Continuous Flow

This paper tells the story of how the team managed to speed up delivery whilst raising quality at the same time, conject used to release complete modules of their Internet platform once every six months. Customers were forced to wait for months to get access to new features. Once they arrived, the big bang releases disrupted the user experience due to bugs lurking in the new software. Despite what seemed to be an impossible task, the team successfully transformed their software development process to deliver a stable and continuous flow of small releases. Now features are delivered to customers more quickly and with much higher quality.
A new ent-clerodane diterpenoid from Crassocephalum bauchiense Huch. (Asteraceae)

A phytochemical investigation of the whole plant of Crassocephalum bauchiense Huch. resulted in the isolation of a new clerodane diterpenoid, ent-2β,18,19-trihydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-16,15-olide (1), together with two known flavonoids 3′,5-dihydroxy-4′,5′,6,7,8-pentamethoxyflavone (2) and 4′,5-dihydroxy-3′,5′,6,7,8-pentamethoxyflavone (3). The compounds were tested against the chloroquine-sensitive 3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Compound 2 showed weak activity (IC50 = 10.1 g/mL) whilst compounds 1 and 3 were inactive. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by using detailed spectral analyses, especially 1H and 13C NMR, 1H–1H COSY, NOESY, HMBC and HR-ESI-MS.
The Gendered Nature of Family Structure and Group-Based Anti-Egalitarianism: A Cross-National Analysis

Abstract Using 4 samples of adolescents from 3 nations (Australia, Sweden, and the United States), the authors explored whether the gendered nature of the family socialization environment affected young people's level of group-based social egalitarianism. It was hypothesized that the greater the father's influence in the family, the greater the children's level of group-based social anti-egalitarianism. The results were consistent with the authors' expectations. Children from father-headed households had the highest level of group-based social anti-egalitarianism; children from mother-headed households had the lowest level of group-based anti-egalitarianism; and children from dual-parent households were in between. Similarly, children from homes in which the father had the greatest decision-making power tended to exhibit the highest levels of anti-egalitarianism, whereas children from homes in which the mother had the greatest decision-making power displayed the lowest levels of social anti-egalitarianism. Family structure did not interact with either the nationality or gender of the child.
Targeted Disruption of the Nhe1 Gene Prevents Muscarinic Agonist-induced Up-regulation of Na+/H+ Exchange in Mouse Parotid Acinar Cells*

The onset of salivary gland fluid secretion in response to muscarinic stimulation is accompanied by up-regulation of Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) activity. Although multiple NHE isoforms (NHE1, NHE2, and NHE3) have been identified in salivary glands, little is known about their specific function(s) in resting and secreting acinar cells. Mice with targeted disruptions of the Nhe1, Nhe2, and Nhe3 genes were used to investigate the contribution of these proteins to the stimulation-induced up-regulation of NHE activity in mouse parotid acinar cells. The lack of NHE1, but not NHE2 or NHE3, prevented intracellular pH recovery from an acid load in resting acinar cells, in acini stimulated to secrete with the muscarinic agonist carbachol, and in acini shrunken by hypertonic addition of sucrose. In HCO3 −-containing solution, the rate of intracellular pH recovery from a muscarinic agonist-stimulated acid load was significantly inhibited in acinar cells from mice lacking NHE1, but not in cells from NHE2- or NHE3-deficient mice. These data demonstrate that NHE1 is the major regulator of intracellular pH in both resting and muscarinic agonist-stimulated acinar cells and suggest that up-regulation of NHE1 activity has an important role in modulating saliva production in vivo.
An Experimental Study of the Effectiveness of Intensive In-Home Crisis Services for Children and Their Families

In this article, we describe the outcomes associated with a 3-year research demonstration project. It is the second of a two-part article concerned with this research conducted in the Bronx, New York, to examine the efficacy of three models of intensive in-home services—Home-Based Crisis Intervention (HBCI), Enhanced Home-Based Crisis Intervention (HBCI+),and Crisis Case Management—as alternatives to hospitalization for children experiencing a psychiatric crisis. In Part I (Evans, Boothroyd, & Armstrong, 1997), we described the features of the three program models, the research design, data collection measures, and the presenting characteristics of the children and families. In Part 2, we describe the success of maintaining children at home (82%) and the increases in family adaptability, children's self-concept, and parental self-efficacy both at discharge and at 6 months postdischarge. Enrollees in two of the models (HBCI and HBCI+) experienced a significant increase in family cohesion,although this was not maintained at 6 months postdischarge. While enrollees in the enhanced program showed significant increase in social support at discharge, all enrollees experienced this at 6 months postdischarge.