Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary Genetics of Hypoxia Tolerance in Cetaceans during Diving

Hypoxia was a major challenge faced by cetaceans during the course of secondary aquatic adaptation. Although physiological traits of hypoxia tolerance in cetaceans have been well characterized, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. We investigated the sequences of 17 hypoxia-tolerance-related genes in representative cetaceans to provide a comprehensive insight into the genetic basis of hypoxia tolerance in these animals. Genes involved in carrying and transporting oxygen in the blood and muscle (hemoglobin-α and β, myoglobin), and genes involved in the regulation of vasoconstriction (endothelin-1, -2, and -3; endothelin receptor type A and B; adrenergic receptor α-1D; and arginine vasopressin) appear to have undergone adaptive evolution, evidence for positive selection on their particular sites, and radical physiochemical property changes of selected condons. Interestingly, “long-diving” cetaceans had relatively higher ω (dN/dS) values than “short-diving” cetaceans for the hemoglobin β gene, indicating divergent selective pressure presented in cetacean lineages with different diving abilities. Additionally, parallel positive selection or amino acid changes (ADRA1D: P50A, A53G, AVPR1B: I/V270T) among animals exposed to different hypoxia habitats reflect functional convergence or similar genetic mechanisms of hypoxia tolerance. In summary, positive selection, divergent selective pressures, and parallel evolution at the molecular level provided some new insights into the genetic adaptation of hypoxia tolerance.
Associations between mothers' sensitivity to their infants' internal states and children's later understanding of mind and emotion

This study investigated associations between mother–infant interactions and children's subsequent understanding of mind and emotion. Mothers' tendency to comment on their infants' internal world and their general sensitivity to their infants' internal states were measured through coded play interactions at 10 months. The latter measurement included ratings on four aspects of maternal behaviour: mindful facilitation, joint attention commenting, pacing, and affect catching. In contrast to mothers' internal state language, these behaviours did not tap mothers' explicit linguistic representation of their infants' mental states. At 54 months, children's understanding of mind and emotion was measured through a range of false-belief tasks and an emotion-understanding task. Multivariate analysis revealed direct positive links between mothers' sensitivity to their infants' internal states and children's later understanding of mind. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison Of Vocabulary Learning Strategies Used Based On Gender And Vocabulary Size

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan signifikan dari pemilihan strategi pembelajaran kosakata antara lelaki dan perempuan dan juga untuk menyelidiki strategi pembelajaran kosakata yang paling sering dan juga yang paling jarang digunakan oleh siswa. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas dua di SMAN 1 Bandar Lampung. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 40 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kuesioner berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu yang dirancang oleh Schmitt's (1997) dan uji pengukuran kosakata yang dirancang oleh Sutarsyah (2006). Hasil perhitungan Anova menunjukkan bahwa semua F hitung 0,05. Hal ini berarti H 0 diterima bahwa tidak ada perbedaan signifikan dari pemilihan strategi pembelajaran kosakata antara lelaki dan perempuan pada tingkat kelas kedua di SMA Negeri 1 Bandar Lampung. Hal ini juga mengungkap bahwa siswa di SMAN 1 Bandar Lampung paling sering menggunakan strategi sosial sedangkan yang paling jarang digunakan adalah strategi metakognitif. This present study was aimed to find out whether there was any significant difference of vocabulary learning strategy preferences between males and females and to investigate the most and least frequently used of vocabulary learning strategies by the students. The population was the second grade students of SMAN 1 Bandar Lampung. There were 40 students as the sample. The instruments were questionnaire based on Schmitt’s (1997) study and vocabulary size test by Sutarsyah (2006). The result of Anova calculation showed that all theF count 0.05. It means H 0 was accepted, that there was no significant difference of vocabulary learning strategy preferences between males and females students. It also revealed that most of students used social strategies and then for the least frequently used strategy was metacognitive strategy. Keywords : gender, vocabulary learning strategies, vocabulary size
Can the Dominant Trait Indicator Predict Success in a Financial Accounting Principles Course? A Preliminary Look

instructor’s knowledge of the different learning styles and thus allows them to develop strategies to increase students’ learning. The test is a forced-choice self-reporting exam comprised of 126 questions. Based on Jung’s theory of personality type, the test seeks to categorize personality types into 16 discrete groups based on the four preference poles (Myers, 1962). The poles are based on the preference for: (1) introversion (I) or extroversion (E); (2) sensing (S) or intuition (N); (3) thinking (T) or feeling (F); and (4) judging (J) or perception (P). Laribee (1994) studied American accounting students and found that certain personality traits were over represented in upper-level accounting courses, while Macdaid, McCaulley, and Kainz (1986) found that the same personality trait groups were over-represented in the profession. Oswick and Barber (1998), however, found no significant relationship between the grade earned in an introductory accounting course and the personality traits as identified by the MBTI with 344 UK-based accounting students. This study investigates the relationship between a student’s academic success in a financial accounting principles course and the MBTI personality type indicators. The type distribution of 59 historically black colleges and universities’ (HBCU) business administration majors was analyzed and separated into two groups. The groups were then tested to determine if there was a significant difference in the mean grade of the groups in accounting principles.
DIFFERENCES IN PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGIC REACTIVITY TO STATIC AND DYNAMIC DISPLAYS OF FACIAL EMOTION

of Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science DIFFERENCES IN PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGIC REACTIVITY TO STATIC AND DYNAMIC DISPLAYS OF FACIAL EMOTION By Utaka S. Springer May 2005 Chair: Dawn Bowers Major Department: Clinical and Health Psychology Rationale. Recent studies suggest that many neurologic and psychiatric disorders are associated with impairments in accurately interpreting facial expressions. These studies have typically used photographic stimuli, yet cognitive and neurobiological research suggests that the perception of moving (dynamic) expressions is different from the perception of static expressions. Moreover, in day-to-day interactions, humans generally view faces while they move. This study had two aims: (1) to elucidate differences in physiological reactivity [i.e., startle eyeblink reflex and the skin conductance response (SCR)] while viewing static versus dynamic facial expressions, and (2) to examine patterns of reactivity across specific facial expressions. It was hypothesized that viewing dynamic faces would be associated with greater physiological reactivity and that expressions of anger would be associated with potentiated startle eyeblink responses relative to other facial expressions.
Contraindications to the use of metformin

According to the United Kingdom prospective diabetes study, patients with type 2 diabetes randomised to intensive treatment with metformin, sulphonylurea, or insulin had similar degrees of glycaemic control and significantly reduced microvascular end points.1 The study showed that the use of metformin in obese patients reduced cardiovascular events. The group treated with metformin had no hypoglycaemia and less weight gain. Treatment with metformin rather than diet alone produced a significant reduction in relative risk in all cause mortality (36%, P=0.011), diabetes related deaths (42%, P=0.017), any diabetes related end point (32%, P=0.0023), and myocardial infarction (39%, P=0.01). Metformin is the only oral hypoglycaemic agent proved to reduce cardiovascular risk and is now recognised as the treatment of choice in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes. Lactic acidosis associated with metformin is a rare condition with an estimated prevalence of one to five cases per 100 000.2 Although classically lactic acidosis associated with metformin has been thought of as lactic acidosis secondary …
Urban Headphone Listening and the Situational Fit of Music, Radio and Podcasting

Many people wear headphones during movement through their city, and they listen to a variety of sound genres like music, talk, lectures, etc. This study focuses on the pedestrian headphone listener who may spend an hour or more traveling every day. It explores the situational fit of three media; music playlists, live radio, and podcasting, during public transit. A field trial was conducted in London, UK in December 2013. Ten adult iPhone users were exposed to a music playlist on Spotify, live news from London's Biggest Conversation (LBC), and educational podcasts from BBC Radio 4, while simultaneously going about their business in Central London. This study discovered informants were more interested in curating their music, and less interested in engaging with the social concerns of live radio, or the learned address of educational podcasting. Music was felt as relaxing while radio and podcasting were felt as more imposing on their concentration. In sum, the participants found radio and podcasting to have weaker situational fit than music during pedestrian headphone listening.
Effect of Rounding and Saturation in Fixed-Point DSP Implementation of IFFT and FFT for OFDM Applications

Jean Armstrong Himal A. Suraweera Simon Brewer Robert Slaviero Monash University Monash University Analog Devices Australia P/L Analog Devices Australia P/L Dept. of Elect. & Comp. Sys. Eng. Dept. of Elect. & Comp. Sys. Eng. Unit 3, 97 Lewis Road Unit 3, 97 Lewis Road Victoria, 3800, Australia. Victoria, 3800, Australia. Wantirna, Victoria, 3152 Wantirna, Victoria, 3152 +61 3 9905 5355 +61 3 9905 5355 Australia. +61 3 9881 9902 Australia. +61 3 9881 9900 Jean.Armstrong@eng.monash. edu.au Himal.Suraweera@eng.monash. edu.au simon.brewer@analog.com robert.slaviero@analog.com
Randomized event‐related experimental designs allow for extremely rapid presentation rates using functional MRI

PREVIOUS studies have shown that hemodynamic response overlap severely limits the maximum presentation rate with event-related functional MRI (fMRI) using fixed intertrial experimental designs. Here we demonstrate that the use of randomized experimental designs can largely overcome this limitation, thereby allowing for event-related fMRI experiments with extremely rapid presentation rates. In the first experiment, fMRI time courses were simulated using a fixed intertrial interval design with intervals of 16, 3, and 1s, and using a randomized design having the same mean intertrial intervals. We found that using fixed intertrial interval designs the transient information decreased with decreasing intertrial intervals, whereas using randomized designs the transient information increased with decreasing mean intertrial intervals. In a second experiment, fMRI data were collected from two subjects using a randomized paradigm with visual hemifield stimuli presented randomly every 500ms. Robust event-related activation maps and hemodynamic response estimates were obtained. These results demonstrate the feasibility of performing event-related fMRI experiments with rapid, randomized paradigms identical to those used in electrophysiological and behavioral studies, thereby expanding the applicability of event-related fMRI to a whole new range of cognitive neurosciences questions and paradigms.
Decreasing Hypothermia During Delivery Room Stabilization of Preterm Neonates

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Hypothermia during delivery room stabilization of very low birth weight (VLBW) newborns is independently associated with mortality, yet it occurred frequently both in collaborative networks and at our institution. We aimed to attain admission temperatures in the target range of 36°C to 38°C in ≥90% of inborn VLBW neonates through implementation of a thermoregulation bundle. METHODS: This quality improvement project extended over 60 consecutive months, using sequential plan–do–check–act cycles. During the 14 baseline months, we standardized temperature measurements and developed the Operation Toasty Tot thermoregulation bundle (including consistent head and torso wrapping with plastic, warmed blankets, and a closed stabilization room). We introduced this bundle in month 15 and added servo-controlled, battery-powered radiant warmers for stabilization and transfer in month 21. We provided results and feedback to staff throughout, using simple graphics and control charts. RESULTS: There were 164 inborn VLBW babies before and 477 after bundle implementation. Introduction and optimization of the bundle decreased the incidence of hypothermia, with rates remaining in the target range for the last 13 study months. The incidence of temperatures >38°C was ∼2% both before and after bundle implementation. CONCLUSIONS: This thermoregulation bundle resulted in sustained improvement in normothermia rates during delivery room stabilization of VLBW newborns. Our benchmark goal of ≥90% admission temperatures above 36°C was met without increasing hyperthermia rates. Because these results compare favorably with those of recently published research or improvement collaboratives, we aim to maintain our performance through routine surveillance of admission temperatures.
Subjecting a graphene monolayer to tension and compression.

The mechanical behaviour of graphene flakes under both tension and compression is examined using a cantilever-beam arrangement. Two different sets of samples were employed involving flakes just supported on a plastic bar but also embedded within the plastic substrate. By monitoring the shift of the 2D Raman line with strain, information on the stress transfer efficiency as a function of stress sign and monolayer support were obtained. In tension, the embedded flake seems to sustain strains up to 1.3%, whereas in compression there is an indication of flake buckling at about 0.7% strain. The retainment of such a high critical buckling strain confirms the relative high flexural rigidity of the embedded monolayer.
Exponential Versus Hyperbolic Discounting of Delayed Outcomes: Risk and Waiting Time

Frequently, animals must choose between more immediate, smaller rewards and more delayed, but larger rewards. For example, they often must decide between accepting a smaller prey item versus continuing to search for a larger one, or between entering a leaner patch versus travelling to a richer patch that is further away. In both situations, choice of the more immediate, but smaller reward may be interpreted as implying that the value of the later reward is discounted; that is, the value of the later reward decreases as the delay to its receipt increases. This decrease in value may occur because of the increased risk involved in waiting for rewards, or because of the decreased rate of reward associated with increased waiting time. The present research attempts to determine the form of the relation between value and delay, and examines implications of this relation for mechanisms underlying risk-sensitive foraging. Two accounts of the relation between value and delay have been proposed to describe the decrease in value resulting from increases in delay: an exponential model and a hyperbolic model. Our research demonstrates that, of the two, a hyperbola-like discounting model consistently explains more of the variance in temporal discounting data at the group level and, importantly, at the individual level as well. We show mathematically that the hyperbolic model shares fundamental features with models of prey and patch choice. In addition, the present review highlights the implications of a psychological perspective for the behavioral biology of risksensitive foraging, as well as the implications of an ecological perspective for the behavioral psychology of risk-sensitive choice and decision-making.
Measuring social interaction in music ensembles

Music ensembles are an ideal test-bed for quantitative analysis of social interaction. Music is an inherently social activity, and music ensembles offer a broad variety of scenarios which are particularly suitable for investigation. Small ensembles, such as string quartets, are deemed a significant example of self-managed teams, where all musicians contribute equally to a task. In bigger ensembles, such as orchestras, the relationship between a leader (the conductor) and a group of followers (the musicians) clearly emerges. This paper presents an overview of recent research on social interaction in music ensembles with a particular focus on (i) studies from cognitive neuroscience; and (ii) studies adopting a computational approach for carrying out automatic quantitative analysis of ensemble music performances.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Anal intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV + men

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Cost‐effectiveness of using an extensively hydrolysed formula compared to an amino acid formula as first‐line treatment for cow milk allergy in the UK

To cite this article: Taylor RR, Sladkevicius E, Panca M, Lack G, Guest JF. Cost‐effectiveness of using an extensively hydrolysed formula compared to an amino acid formula as first‐line treatment for cow milk allergy in the UK. Pediatric Allergy Immunology 2012: 23: 240–249.
Clinical testing for neutralizing antibodies to interferon-β in multiple sclerosis

Biopharmaceuticals are drugs which are based on naturally occurring proteins (antibodies, receptors, cytokines, enzymes, toxins), nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) or attenuated microorganisms. Immunogenicity of these agents has been commonly described and refers to a specific antidrug antibody response. Such immunogenicity represents a major factor impairing the efficacy of biopharmaceuticals due to biopharmaceutical neutralization. Indeed, clinical experience has shown that induction of antidrug antibodies is associated with a loss of response to biopharmaceuticals and also with hypersensitivity reactions. The first disease-specific agent licensed to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) was interferon-β (IFNβ). In its various preparations, it remains the most commonly used first-line agent. The occurrence of antidrug antibodies has been extensively researched in MS, particularly in relation to IFNβ. However, much controversy remains regarding the significance of these antibodies and incorporation of testing into clinical practice. Between 2% and 45% of people treated with IFNβ will develop neutralizing antibodies, and this is dependent on the specific drug and dosing regimen. The aim of this review is to discuss the use of IFNβ in MS, the biological and clinical relevance of anti-IFNβ antibodies (binding and neutralizing antibodies), the incorporation of testing in clinical practice and ongoing research in the field.
Multiple conformations of PEVK proteins detected by single-molecule techniques

An important component of muscle elasticity is the PEVK region of titin, so named because of the preponderance of these amino acids. However, the PEVK region, similar to other elastomeric proteins, is thought to form a random coil and therefore its structure cannot be determined by standard techniques. Here we combine single-molecule electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy to examine the conformations of the human cardiac titin PEVK region. In contrast to a simple random coil, we have found that cardiac PEVK shows a wide range of elastic conformations with end-to-end distances ranging from 9 to 24 nm and persistence lengths from 0.4 to 2.5 nm. Individual PEVK molecules retained their distinctive elastic conformations through many stretch-relaxation cycles, consistent with the view that these PEVK conformers cannot be interconverted by force. The multiple elastic conformations of cardiac PEVK may result from varying degrees of proline isomerization. The single-molecule techniques demonstrated here may help elucidate the conformation of other proteins that lack a well-defined structure.
Functional Screening of a Metagenomic Library Reveals Operons Responsible for Enhanced Intestinal Colonization by Gut Commensal Microbes

ABSTRACT Evidence suggests that gut microbes colonize the mammalian intestine through propagation as an adhesive microbial community. A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of murine bowel microbiota DNA in the surrogate host Escherichia coli DH10B was screened for enhanced adherence capability. Two out of 5,472 DH10B clones, 10G6 and 25G1, exhibited enhanced capabilities to adhere to inanimate surfaces in functional screens. DNA segments inserted into the 10G6 and 25G1 clones were 52 and 41 kb and included 47 and 41 protein-coding open reading frames (ORFs), respectively. DNA sequence alignments, tetranucleotide frequency, and codon usage analysis strongly suggest that these two DNA fragments are derived from species belonging to the genus Bacteroides. Consistent with this finding, a large portion of the predicted gene products were highly homologous to those of Bacteroides spp. Transposon mutagenesis and subsequent experiments that involved heterologous expression identified two operons associated with enhanced adherence. E. coli strains transformed with the 10a or 25b operon adhered to the surface of intestinal epithelium and colonized the mouse intestine more vigorously than did the control strain. This study has revealed the genetic determinants of unknown commensals (probably resembling Bacteroides species) that enhance the ability of the bacteria to colonize the murine bowel.
The European rescue of the nation-state

The first detailed history of the origins of the European Community, this is the sequel and companion to "The Reconstruction of Western Europe, 1945-51. " In arguing that the purpose of European Community policies was not to supercede but to reinforce the nation-state, Alan Milward's original and controversial study cuts through accepted orthodoxies on a topic of immense importance today. Using material from archives in eight countries, Milward examines the European coal, iron, and steel community; the origins of the Economic Community; and the beginnings of the Common Agricultural Policy. He concludes with a study of why Great Britain has remained outside these arrangements. A combination of political and economic analysis, this book provides challenging insights into the background and the future of the European Community.