Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morpho-Physiological and Proteome Level Responses to Cadmium Stress in Sorghum

Cadmium (Cd) stress may cause serious morphological and physiological abnormalities in addition to altering the proteome in plants. The present study was performed to explore Cd-induced morpho-physiological alterations and their potential associated mechanisms in Sorghum bicolor leaves at the protein level. Ten-day-old sorghum seedlings were exposed to different concentrations (0, 100, and 150 μM) of CdCl2, and different morpho-physiological responses were recorded. The effects of Cd exposure on protein expression patterns in S. bicolor were investigated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) in samples derived from the leaves of both control and Cd-treated seedlings. The observed morphological changes revealed that the plants treated with Cd displayed dramatically altered shoot lengths, fresh weights and relative water content. In addition, the concentration of Cd was markedly increased by treatment with Cd, and the amount of Cd taken up by the shoots was significantly and directly correlated with the applied concentration of Cd. Using the 2-DE method, a total of 33 differentially expressed protein spots were analyzed using MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. Of these, treatment with Cd resulted in significant increases in 15 proteins and decreases in 18 proteins. Major changes were absorbed in the levels of proteins known to be involved in carbohydrate metabolism, transcriptional regulation, translation and stress responses. Proteomic results revealed that Cd stress had an inhibitory effect on carbon fixation, ATP production and the regulation of protein synthesis. Our study provides insights into the integrated molecular mechanisms involved in responses to Cd and the effects of Cd on the growth and physiological characteristics of sorghum seedlings. We have aimed to provide a reference describing the mechanisms involved in heavy metal damage to plants.
Aluminium Powder Inhalations in the Treatment of Silicosis of Pottery Workers and Pneumoconiosis of Coal-Miners

Haidane in 1918 postulated the theory that the dust of certain mineral rocks had an antidotal effect on the fibrogenie action of siliceous dusts, a theory which has since been put to the test by animal investigators. Kettle in 1932 showed that iron coated particles of quartz were inert when injected subcutaneously into animals, whereas uncoated quartz caused marked necrosis and cellular change in the subcutaneous tissues. In 1937 Denny, Robson and Irwin found that small quantities of metallic aluminium inhibited the solubility of siliceous material in the beaker, and that quartz particles coated with aluminium failed to produce fibrosis in the lungs of rabbits, whereas particles not so treated caused frank pulmonary fibrosis. Later, in 1939, these three authors working on rabbits showed that the fibrogenic action of quartz could be prevented if 1 % aluminium was given independently of the quartz. Gardner, Dworski, and Delahant (1944) were unable to substantiate Kettle's work using iron oxide, but obtained results with alumin ium hydroxide similar to those reported by Denny, Robson, and Irwin. These experimental findings on laboratory animals gave rise to the hypothesis that human silicosis might be prevented, or progression of the established disease arrested, by the prophylactic or therapeutic inhalation of aluminium powder. Subsequently workers in America and Canada published pre liminary findings on the value of aluminium inhala tions for the treatment of silicosis, and in 1946 Professor E. J. King and Dr. C. L. Sutherland visited Canada and America to review the whole question of aluminium therapy on behalf of the Medical Research Council. In 1947, after their extensive tour, they reported that although many centres claimed symptomatic improvement with this aluminium treatment there was no definite evidence that aluminium retarded the further development of silicosis, or that it caused regression of the established disease. They recommended that carefully planned and controlled investigations be made into the value of this treatment. This recom mendation was endorsed by the Aluminium Sub committee of the Industrial Pulmonary Diseases Committee, and the present report gives an account of the investigation that was carried out in the Stoke-on-Trent area to evaluate the merits of aluminium inhalations for the treatment of estab lished silicosis of pottery workers and pneumo coniosis of coal-miners. The object was to compare the relative efficacy of aluminium inhalations given in two very different doses (one of which was so low as to be effectively an inert control) in relieving symptoms, in improving the patient's functional capacity, and in retarding the progression of estab lished radiological changes.
Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma from skin or soft tissue: suggestion of treatment from multinational retrospective analysis.

BACKGROUND Clinical features and outcomes of extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKL) arising from extranasal sites are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to study the prognosis and treatment outcome of skin/soft tissue primary ENKL. PATIENTS AND METHODS This multicenter retrospective study included 48 patients with skin/soft tissue primary ENKL diagnosed from 1993 to 2010. RESULTS Patients with Ann Arbor stage I, T1-2N0M0 by International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas-European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer TNM (tumour-node-metastasis) stage, International prognostic index score of 0-1, and a Korean prognostic index (KPI) score of 0-1 were associated with better survival. Four of five patients with T1-2N0M0 disease achieved complete response with radiation alone. In disseminated disease, only 6 of 13 patients responded to anthracycline-containing chemotherapy, and all the two patients receiving SMILE showed response. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we identified the prognostic value of KPI, and we suggest a treatment recommendation according to the TNM (tumour-node-metastasis) stage. Radiotherapy with/without chemotherapy seemed to be optimal in localized disease. In advanced stages, a more aggressive treatment regimen with newer agents should be sought.
Pulse‐Wave Analysis: Clinical Evaluation of a Noninvasive, Widely Applicable Method for Assessing Endothelial Function

&NA; Current methods for assessing vasomotor endothelial function are impractical for use in large studies. We tested the hypothesis that pulse‐wave analysis (PWA) combined with provocative pharmacological testing might provide an alternative method. Radial artery waveforms were recorded and augmentation index (AIx) was calculated from derived aortic waveforms. Thirteen subjects received sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG), inhaled albuterol, or placebo. Twelve subjects received NTG, albuterol, and placebo separately during an infusion of NG‐monomethyl‐L‐arginine (LNMMA) or norepinephrine. Twenty‐seven hypercholesterolemic subjects and 27 controls received NTG followed by albuterol. Endothelial function was assessed by PWA and forearm blood flow in 27 subjects. Albuterol and NTG both significantly and repeatably reduced AIx (P<0.001). Only the response to albuterol was inhibited by LNMMA (−9.8±5.5% vs −4.7±2.7%; P=0.02). Baseline AIx was higher in the hypercholesterolemic subjects, who exhibited a reduced response to albuterol (P=0.02) but not to NTG when compared with matched controls. The responses to albuterol and acetylcholine were correlated (r=0.5, P= 0.02). Consistent with an endothelium‐dependent effect, the response to albuterol was substantially inhibited by LNMMA. Importantly, the response to albuterol was reduced in subjects with hypercholesterolemia and was correlated to that of intra‐arterial acetylcholine. This methodology provides a simple, repeatable, noninvasive means of assessing endothelial function in vivo.
"I Don't Express My Feelings to Anyone": How Self-Silencing Relates to Gender and Depression in Nepal

I feel like I may die any time. They [family] treat me very bad, they scold me all the time. Especially my sister-in-law who does not love me or like me at all. My sisterin-law looks for chances to put me down, and most of the time she criticizes me. She even encourages my mother to scold me. She always poisons the ear of my mother. I don’t express my feelings to anyone, I keep it inside me. (Age 18, unmarried, living in a joint family, Hindu, Chhetri caste1)
Bacteriologic Studies on Aureomycin

Aureomycin hydrochloride was found to have considerable antibacterial action in vitro against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The sensitivities to aureomycin of 186 strains of organisms recently isolated from patients in the Boston City Hospital are presented in table 1. Among the strains of the various organisms tested, only those of Proteus vulgaris and of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were regularly found to be relatively resistant to aureomycin.
Novel Biomarkers for Renal Diseases? None for the Moment (but One)

Recent years have witnessed the unprecedented development and integration of genomics, epigenetics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, as well as a growing interest in novel single biomarkers and process-specific biomarker panels in human renal diseases. In a scenario currently dominated by kidney biopsy and established biomarkers such as serum creatinine, albuminuria, and proteinuria, novel biomarkers could potentially provide vital diagnostic and prognostic information and help to predict response to treatment in several clinical settings, including acute kidney injury, renal transplant, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, and glomerulopathies. However, it is still uncertain whether and to what extent novel biomarkers will succeed in this difficult task. To date, they have generally failed to provide relevant information over and above what is already granted by established, cheap, and easily available biomarkers such as proteinuria, while the complexity and costs of these technology platforms are an important obstacle to their wide adoption. On the other hand, the successful implementation of anti–phospholipase A2 receptor antibodies as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of membranous nephropathy, as well as the huge number of ongoing collaborative efforts worldwide, should induce the nephrology community to be rather optimistic about a potential breakthrough in the management of kidney diseases over the next few decades.
STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF HUMAN IMMUNOGLOBULINS

Dissection of the G immunoglobulin molecules in man, using enzymic (1, 2) as well as chemical techniques (3, 4), has proceeded more rapidly than similar studies of the other two classes of Ig's and has provided a great deal of insight into the nature of the structural units and their genetic control. Using starch gel electrophoresis (3, 5) immunologic techniques (6, 7), and peptide analyses (8), it has been possible to demonstrate differences in light chains of different myeloma proteins, Bence Jones proteins, and antibodies. Similar techniques have also demonstrated differences in electrophoretic mobilities of the heavy chains of different myeloma proteins (5, 9), Except for a report showing that differences in the mobilifies of myeloma proteins correlate with the properties of the Fd fragments (9), little is known about the exact nature of these variations or their possible significance. A precise delineation of these differences has been hampered by difficulties in obtaining the Fd fragment (A piece), free of light chains or the Fc (fast) fragment. One approach to this question, which obviates the necessity of isolating the Fd fragment, is to determine its composition by comparing the peptide analyses (fingerprints) of the heavy chains and the Fc papain fragments from individual myeloma proteins or normal IgG fractions. Further information dealing with structural differences between different myeloma proteins, and differences between myeloma proteins and normal G immunoglobulins can be obtained by comparing the fragments and chains from different myeloma proteins to each other and to those obtained from normal G immunoglobulins. Since the Fd fragment (10) consists of that part of the heavy chain not present in the Fc fragment, it is possible to recognize the peptides belonging to the Fd fragment without actually having to isolate it by comparing the maps of these two readily available, well defined structural units.
The Vanishing Majority Gate Trading Power and Speed for Reliability

In this paper we are going to explore low-level implementation issues for fault-tolerant adders based on multiplexing using majority gates (MAJ). We shall analyze the particular case of a 32-bit ripple carry adder (RCA), as well as different redundant designs using MAJ-3 (MAJ of fan-in 3) multiplexed RCAs: (i) with classical MAJ-3 gates in the restorative stages; (ii) with inverters driven by shortcircuited outputs at each restorative stage; and finally, (iii) only with short-circuited outputs at each restorative stage. From one solution to the next, the restorative MAJ-3 gates get simpler and simpler. These simplifications translate into different speeds and power consumptions; challenging aspects of future nanoelectronics. All these circuits have been designed and simulated in subthreshold. The speed and power will be reported and compared for designs in 0.18 μm as well as 70 nm (using the Berkeley Predictive Technology Model). The results reveal interesting power-speed-reliability tradeoffs. In two of these designs, depending on the way the MAJ-3 function is implemented, defects translate into increased power, and suggest a (simple) way of detecting them. A detection circuit can trigger reconfiguration at a higher level, leading to a seamless transition from a fault-tolerant circuit to a defecttolerant system. The main advantage of such an approach would be that reconfiguration could be done on-line, i.e., while the circuit is still operating correctly.
Antioxidant capacity and total polyphenolic content in quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) fruit

Fruits of twelve quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) commercial cultivars and selections were compared in the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total phenolic content (TPC) of intact and peeled fruits. The antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content ranged between 5.99 and 63.10 mmol AA/100 g FW, and 3.92 and 12.83 g GA/100 g FW, respectively. These ranges cover an almost 8-times variation among the tested genotypes in case of antioxidant capacity and also declares two-times variation for total polyphenolic content. Cultivars ‘Aromate’ and ‘Bereczki’ possessed the lowest antioxidant capacity and ‘Roman portugal’ and ‘Bereczki’ had the lowest polyphenolic contents. In contrast, cultivars ‘Champion’ and ‘Konstantinapolyi’ possessed the highest antioxidant capacity and ‘Mezőturi’ and ‘De Husi’ had the highest polyphenolic contents. The Pearson’s coefficient was relatively moderate but significant (r=0.51) indicating a weak interdependence between FRAP and TPC values of quince fruits. Our results led us to the conclusion that quince might be considered as a valuable source of antioxidants and polyphenolics.
Mitotic Rate for Thin Melanomas: Should a Single Mitotic Figure Warrant a Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy?

BACKGROUND The seventh edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer guidelines recognize mitotic rate (MR) as a component of the staging criteria for cutaneous melanomas with a Breslow depth ⩽1 mm. OBJECTIVE This review discusses the evidence behind the threshold of 1 mitosis per square millimeter as a prognostic variable in thin melanomas, particularly because it relates to the decision to pursue a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a systematic review using the PubMed database to identify articles that contain prognostic information for thin melanomas based on MR and sentinel lymph node (SLN) status. RESULTS Although the threshold of a single mitosis correlates with a statistically significant decrease in survival rates for patients with thin melanomas, the clinical relevance remains questionable particularly because it relates to the decision to pursue an SLNB. CONCLUSION A single mitosis in thin melanomas does not increase the risk of a positive SLN so much that SLN biopsy should be routinely performed for this cohort.
Auditory Cortical Plasticity in Learning to Discriminate Modulation Rate

The discrimination of temporal information in acoustic inputs is a crucial aspect of auditory perception, yet very few studies have focused on auditory perceptual learning of timing properties and associated plasticity in adult auditory cortex. Here, we trained participants on a temporal discrimination task. The main task used a base stimulus (four tones separated by intervals of 200 ms) that had to be distinguished from a target stimulus (four tones with intervals down to ∼180 ms). We show that participants' auditory temporal sensitivity improves with a short amount of training (3 d, 1 h/d). Learning to discriminate temporal modulation rates was accompanied by a systematic amplitude increase of the early auditory evoked responses to trained stimuli, as measured by magnetoencephalography. Additionally, learning and auditory cortex plasticity partially generalized to interval discrimination but not to frequency discrimination. Auditory cortex plasticity associated with short-term perceptual learning was manifested as an enhancement of auditory cortical responses to trained acoustic features only in the trained task. Plasticity was also manifested as induced non-phase–locked high gamma-band power increases in inferior frontal cortex during performance in the trained task. Functional plasticity in auditory cortex is here interpreted as the product of bottom-up and top-down modulations.
Redshifts of the Gravitational Lenses B1422+231 and PG 1115+080

B1422+231 and PG 1115+080 are gravitational lens systems that produce quadruple QSO images. In each, there is real promise that time delays can constrain the Hubble constant, and both belong to systems that can play an important role in modeling the lens potential. This article reports redshifts for the lensing galaxies and three neighboring galaxies in each of the two systems. B1422+231 comprises a group at z = 0.339 with a dispersion of 733 km s-1, and PG 1115+080 comprises a group at z = 0.311 with a dispersion of 326 km s-1. One of the neighboring galaxies in the B1422+231 system turned out to be an emission-line galaxy at z = 0.536, suggesting that QSO light passing through B1422+231 may have been subjected to lensing by a cluster at this more distant redshift. The velocity dispersion of the lensing galaxy in PG 1115+080 is determined to be 281 ± 25 km s-1 (1″ square aperture), which is surprisingly large, given the image splittings of 1. ″2 in that system.
Distributed XML design

A distributed XML document is an XML document that spans several machines or Web repositories. We assume that a distribution design of the document tree is given, providing an XML tree some of whose leaves are "docking points", to which XML subtrees can be attached. These subtrees may be provided and controlled by peers at remote locations, or may correspond to the result of function calls, e.g., Web services. If a global type τ, e.g. a DTD, is specified for a distributed document T, it would be most desirable to be able to break this type into a collection of local types, called a local typing, such that the document satisfies τ if and only if each peer (or function) satisfies its local type. In this paper we lay out the fundamentals of a theory of local typing and provide formal definitions of three main variants of locality: local typing, maximal local typing, and perfect typing, the latter being the most desirable. We study the following relevant decision problems: (i) given a typing for a design, determine whether it is local, maximal local, or perfect; (ii) given a design, establish whether a (maximal) local, or perfect typing does exist. For some of these problems we provide tight complexity bounds (polynomial space), while for the others we show exponential upper bounds. A main contribution is a polynomial-space algorithm for computing a perfect typing in this context, if it exists.
Cucumber Mosaic Virus D Satellite RNA–Induced Programmed Cell Death in Tomato

D satellite RNA (satRNA) with its helper virus, namely, cucumber mosaic virus, causes systemic necrosis in tomato. The infected plant exhibits a distinct spatial and temporal cell death pattern. The distinct features of chromatin condensation and nuclear DNA fragmentation indicate that programmed cell death is involved. In addition, satRNA localization and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling show that cell death is initiated from the infected phloem or cambium cells and spreads to other nearby infected cells. Timing of the onset of necrosis after inoculation implicates the involvement of cell developmental processes in initiating tomato cell death. Analysis of the accumulation of minus- and plus-strand satRNAs in the infected plants indicates a correlation between high amounts of minus-strand satRNA and tomato cell death.
Parent–child positivity and romantic relationships in emerging adulthood

Romantic relationship quality in adolescence and early adulthood has often been linked to earlier parent–child relationship quality but it is possible that these links are nonlinear. Moreover, the role of social skills as mediator of associations between parent–child and romantic relations has been discussed but not rigorously tested. Using data from 2,230 participants of the longitudinal TRAILS (TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey) sample, this study examined whether parent–child positivity assessed at age 11 predicted romantic involvement, commitment and satisfaction in emerging adulthood. Moreover, indirect effects via cooperation, assertion and self-control were tested. Parent–child positivity did not predict romantic involvement as such. However, in those who were romantically involved, linear and, by trend, nonlinear associations between parent–child positivity and commitment were found, suggesting higher levels of commitment in those who had reported positive parent–child relationships but also in individuals with particularly low levels of parent–child positivity. Satisfaction was linearly linked to parent–child positivity. Little support was found for the assumption that the association between parent–child positivity and romantic relationship quality in emerging adulthood are partly explained by social skills. These results show that neither congruence nor compensation alone are sufficient to explain the associations between parent–child and romantic relationship quality.
Factors Associated With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers

Objective: Identify factors associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk during commercial driver medical examinations. Methods: A case-control study was conducted at an occupational health clinic by reviewing the commercial driver medical examinations medical records performed from January 2007 to December 2008. The magnitude of association with OSA was estimated with logistic regression. Results: Among 1890 commercial motor vehicle drivers, 51 were confirmed positive for OSA by polysomnography after initial screening by Joint Task Force guidelines, yielding estimated positive predictive values of 78.5% for the screening criteria. Multivariable logistic regression showed that body mass index ≥ 30 (odds ratio: 26.86), hypertension (odds ratio: 2.57), and diabetes (odds ratio: 2.03) were independently associated with OSA. Conclusion: Medical examiners’ use of objectively measurable risk factors, such as obesity, history of hypertension, and/or diabetes, rather than symptoms, may be more effective in identifying undiagnosed OSA in commercial drivers during the commercial driver medical examinations.