Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression and Functional Roles of the Two Distinct NDH-1 Complexes and the Carbon Acquisition Complex NdhD3/NdhF3/CupA/Sll1735 in Synechocystis sp PCC 6803

To investigate the (co)expression, interaction, and membrane location of multifunctional NAD(P)H dehydrogenase type 1 (NDH-1) complexes and their involvement in carbon acquisition, cyclic photosystem I, and respiration, we grew the wild type and specific ndh gene knockout mutants of Synechocystis sp PCC 6803 under different CO2 and pH conditions, followed by a proteome analysis of their membrane protein complexes. Typical NDH-1 complexes were represented by NDH-1L (large) and NDH-1M (medium size), located in the thylakoid membrane. The NDH-1L complex, missing from the ΔNdhD1/D2 mutant, was a prerequisite for photoheterotrophic growth and thus apparently involved in cellular respiration. The amount of NDH-1M and the rate of P700+ rereduction in darkness in the ΔNdhD1/D2 mutant grown at low CO2 were similar to those in the wild type, whereas in the M55 mutant (ΔNdhB), lacking both NDH-1L and NDH-1M, the rate of P700+ rereduction was very slow. The NDH-1S (small) complex, localized to the thylakoid membrane and composed of only NdhD3, NdhF3, CupA, and Sll1735, was strongly induced at low CO2 in the wild type as well as in ΔNdhD1/D2 and M55. In contrast with the wild type and ΔNdhD1/D2, which show normal CO2 uptake, M55 is unable to take up CO2 even when the NDH-1S complex is present. Conversely, the ΔNdhD3/D4 mutant, also unable to take up CO2, lacked NDH-1S but exhibited wild-type levels of NDH-1M at low CO2. These results demonstrate that both NDH-1S and NDH-1M are essential for CO2 uptake and that NDH-1M is a functional complex. We also show that the Na+/HCO3− transporter (SbtA complex) is located in the plasma membrane and is strongly induced in the wild type and mutants at low CO2.
A Mendelian randomization study

Observational studies in older subjects have shown no or inverse associations between cholesterol levels and mortality. However, in old age plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) may not reflect the life-time level due to reverse causality and hence the risk may be underestimated. In the current study, we used an LDL genetic risk score (GRS) to overcome this problem. A weighted GRS was created using 37 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with LDL-C levels. The LDL GRS was calculated in three Dutch cohorts, the Leiden Longevity Study (LLS) (n=3282), the Leiden 85-plus study (n=317), and the Rotterdam Study (n=4035). We assessed the association between the LDL GRS and LDL-C levels, chronological age, familial longevity, and mortality. In all age strata, individuals with high LDL GRS had higher LDL-C levels (p=0.012 to p=8.5x10 -15 ). The frequency of LDL increasing alleles decreased with increasing age (β=-0.027 (SE=0.01) per year, p=0.010). Moreover, individuals with a genetic predisposition for longevity had significantly lower LDL GRS compared to age-matched individuals of the general population (LLS nonagenarians versus >90 years: β=0.93 (SE=0.39), p=0.018, LLS offspring versus partners: β=0.23 (SE=0.10), p=0.019). In longitudinal analysis, high GRS was associated with increased all-cause mortality in individuals >90 years; with a 19% increased risk in individuals with the highest LDL GRS (p-trend=0.008). Results of the current study indicate that a genetic predisposition to high LDL-C levels contributes to mortality throughout life, also in the oldest old and a beneficial LDL genetic risk profile is associated with familial longevity. levels and mortality, suggesting that the causal relation between LDL and (cardiovascular) disease is absent at old age. Results of the current study indicate that a genetic predisposition to high LDL-C contributes to mortality throughout life, also in the oldest old and a beneficial LDL genetic risk profile is associated with familial longevity.
Barcelona Economics Working Paper Series Credit Constraints, Firms' Precautionary Investment, and the Business Cycle

This paper studies the macroeconomic implications of …rms' precautionary investment behavior in response to the anticipation of future …nancing constraints. Firms increase their demand for liquid and safe investments in order to alleviate future borrowing constraints and decrease the probability of having to forego future pro…table investment opportunities. This results in an increase in the share of short-term projects that produces a temporary increase in output, at the expense of lower long-run investment and future output. I show in a calibrated model that this behavior is at the source of a novel and powerful channel of shock transmission of productivity shocks that produces short-run dampening and long-run propagation. Furthermore, it can account for the observed business cycle patterns of the aggregate and …rm-level composition of investment.
Organizational Commitment in the Military: An Overview

The military needs committed service members and families. We hear this all the time, but what does it mean to be a committed service member or spouse? Committed to what? And why do we want committed service members and spouses? Generally, when we talk about a committed service member, we mean a person who is strongly attached to his or her military service as an organization and to his or her unit as part of that organization. We want committed soldiers and families because we expect them to perform their work better, to be more likely to stay in the military, and to be good citizens of their organizations. How, then, do we define organizational commitment? Can we measure the amount of commitment people have to organizations? Can we determine the effect that organizational commitment has on performance and retention? Do we know what causes someone to be committed to an organization? These and other questions about organizational commitment have concerned researchers for several decades (see, for example, Mathieu & Zajac, 1990; Mowday, Porter, & Steers, 1982). In the most comprehensive look at organizational commitment to date, Meyer and Allen (1997) summarized much of this research and formulated a three-component theory of organizational commitment. They found that organizational commitment can be measured reliably using scaled items in a questionnaire. Further, they theorized, and in some cases showed, that such measures can be related to important outcomes, such as performance and retention in civilian organizations. Because we believe that the Meyer and Allen theory is the most well-developed and comprehensive theory of organizational commitment available to date, we have used it to organize the integration of the articles in this special issue. Meyer and Allen (1997) defined organizational commitment as a combination of three component processes: affective commitment (AC), continuance commitMILITARY PSYCHOLOGY, 2003, 15(3), 163–166
EMPLOYERS AND SICKNESS INSURANCE

The Swedish Employers' Confederation (SAF) had already applied in the 1910s a strategy that companies should not compete with social benefits on the labour market. So SAF welcomed the introduction of national sickness insurance in 1955. The system included deductibles, which were seen as necessary in sickness insurance. Before the reform salaried employees had received sick pay from the employer and their compensation was 100%. Their organizations succeeded, in spite of SAF resistance, in getting supplementary contractual sick pay leading to elimination of deductibles. This paved the way for other organizations to negotiate solutions that gave full compensation for loss of earnings while sick. Consequently sickness rates became very high. Up to 1990 SAF was unable to stop the elimination of deductibles. The economic crisis around 1990 made it possible for politicians to introduce deductibles and statutory sick pay. This was in accordance with SAF's views. Increase in long‐term illness from 1997 led to a weakening of SAF's position. According to the unions, long‐term illness was due to bad work environments and measures should be taken to give employers incentives to improve working conditions. Supported by the unions, the social democratic government introduced increased financing responsibility for employers 2005.
New Representations for the Multivariate Weibull Distribution with Constant Correlation

Novel single integral representations for the multivariate probability density function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) of Gaussian class Weibull distributions are derived. A special linear transformation of independent Gaussian random variables is used to generate correlated Weibull random variables. The solutions are expressed in terms of familiar functions which are available in common mathematical software. The well known equal (constant) correlation model is used in this paper. The advantage of the new representation is that only a single integral computation is needed to compute a L-dimensional distribution. Some applications of the new distribution representations are also given.
The Relationship of Trauma to Nonsexual Crimes Committed by Adolescent Sexual Abusers: A New Area of Research

In an early investigation on the topic of the relationship between trauma history and nonsexual crimes committed by sexual offenders, this study examined nonsexual crimes committed by a sample of 451 juvenile sexual abusers. More than 60% of this sample committed quite serious crimes (i.e., animal cruelty, arson, assault, burglary, car theft, drug-related crimes, or theft). Based on the delinquency literature, childhood victimization significantly predicted severity of criminal behavior for this sample. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Individual differences in theory-of-mind judgments: Order effects and side effects

We explore and provide an account for a recently identified judgment anomaly, i.e., an order effect that changes the strength of intentionality ascriptions for some side effects (e.g., when a chairman's pursuit of profits has the foreseen but unintended consequence of harming the environment). Experiment 1 replicated the previously unanticipated order effect anomaly controlling for general individual differences. Experiment 2 revealed that the order effect was multiply determined and influenced by factors such as beliefs (i.e., that the same actor was involved in bringing about both good and bad side effects) and philosophical training (i.e., more training was associated with smaller differences in judgment when harm followed help). Results provide more evidence that the folk's philosophically relevant intuitions are predictably fragmented and depend on the dynamic interplay between persons, process, and environments. Methodological and theoretical implications are discussed.
Effects of Instructional Art Projects on Children's Behavioral Responses and Creativity Within an Emergency Shelter

The effects of instructional art projects on children's behavioral responses and creativity were compared in a sample of ten 4- to 13-year-old children residing in an emergency shelter. Children participated in three art projects selected to elicit selfexpression, empathy, and mastery. The projects differed in the amount of instructions and materials. One project involved multiple instructions and materials; another involved few instructions and materials; the third involved no preliminary stimulation or instructions and allowed the children to choose their subject and materials. It was found that children produced more formed expressions and creative/design elements and less chaotic discharge and stereotypic art through the art project that involved few instructions and few materials.
Place, affect, and transnationalism through the voices of Hong Kong immigrants to Canada

The emergence of a significant transnational community of immigrants from Hong Kong to Canada, and their Canadian-born children, during the 1990s can be understood through the experience of the affect of place, which gives meaning to the emotional experiences of community members. In contrast to theories that treat affect as a preconscious attribute, we treat affect as an emergent, socially constructed, and contextual capacity for individual emotional experiences in place. Affect is a discursive product of, and is produced by, the experiences of people situated in place. The affects of suburban residential communities of concentrated Hong Kong immigrants and their children in Vancouver and Toronto are expressed through a narrative of a ‘natural’ and wholesome Canadian lifestyle that is situated in spacious suburban houses that contain close-knit family relations. For these participants, the wholesome suburban lifestyle contrasts with the unwholesome, and unnatural, urban lifestyle of Hong Kong.
On the Optimum Packet Power Distribution for Spread Aloha Packet Detectors With Iterative Successive Interference Cancelation

Recent work has been stimulated by the need to enhance the satellite networks' Random Access (RA) performance. Results have shown that large performance improvement is possible by exploiting Iterative Successive Interference Cancelation (I-SIC) at the demodulator side. Coded spread spectrum Aloha (SSA) is a particularly suitable access technique for RA satellite networks due to its inherent asynchronous access nature and its high multiple access Achievable Sum Rate (ASR). Moreover, the adoption of I-SIC allows further boosting of the SSA sum rate and its robustness to the packet power unbalance. In this paper, we derive an analytical approach to the optimal packet power distribution that maximizes the performance of SSA RA exploiting I-SIC at the demodulator. The proposed approach takes into account the physical layer coding and modulation together with the number of demodulator iterations and the non-ideal cancelation effects. The analytical findings are successfully compared with the simulation and measurement results. Finally, a practical algorithm that approximates the optimum incoming power packet distribution in a realistic multi-beam satellite broadband network with open-loop power control is proposed and validated in a study case.
Lonely but Not Alone: Emotional Isolation and Social Isolation as Two Distinct Dimensions of Loneliness in Older People

The unidimensional nature of the De Jong-Gierveld Loneliness Scale is investigated. The internal properties of the scale scores were studied using item response theory, supplemented by an external validity study. In line with the theory of relational loneliness, the results stress the significance of distinguishing between emotional loneliness and social loneliness.
Stratum corneum lipid organization as observed by atomic force, confocal and two‐photon excitation fluorescence microscopy

Skin moisturization is largely a function of stratum corneum barrier capacity, which in turn is a function of the physical state and structural organization of the stratum corneum extracellular lipid matrix [ J. Invest. Dermatol.18, 433 (1952); AIChE J. 21, 985 (1975); Acta Derm. Venereol.74, 1 (1994); J. Invest. Dermatol.117, 830 (2001) ]. Three unsolved key questions with respect to this lipid matrix’ structural organization [ Acta Derm. Venereol.74, 1 (1994); J. Invest. Dermatol.117, 830 (2001); J. Invest. Dermatol.118, 897 (2002); J. Invest. Dermatol.118, 899 (2002) ] are: i) whether the lipid matrix is constituted by a single‐gel phase or by co‐existing solid (crystalline or gel) domains, ii) whether a separate fluid (liquid crystalline) phase is present and iii) whether the local pH has a direct effect on the lipid matrix’ phase behaviour. Using an array of complementary visual‐related biophysical techniques (e.g. atomic force microscopy and confocal/two‐photon excitation fluorescence microscopy), it was recently shown that reconstituted membranes composed of extracted decontaminated human stratum corneum lipids do not form a fluid phase, but exclusively a single‐gel phase that segregates into co‐existing microscopic domains below pH 6 [ Biophys. J.93, 3142 (2007) ]. It was further shown that the role of cholesterol is related to dispersion of ceramide‐enriched domains. This effect is counteracted by the presence of free fatty acids, which mix with skin ceramides but not with cholesterol [ J. Struct. Biol.158, 386 (2007) ].
Intervention for control of hypertension in Catalonia, Spain (INCOTECA Project): results of a multicentric, non-randomised, quasi-experimental controlled intervention study

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a quality improvement (QI) plan aimed at primary healthcare teams (PHCTs) to optimise hypertension control and to compare it with standard clinical care. Methods Design Multicentric, non-randomised, quasi-experimental controlled intervention study. Setting 5 PHCTs in the intervention and 13 in the standard care group in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Participants This is a population-based study in which all patients over 18 years of age with a diagnosis of hypertension before 1 January 2006 were included (n=9877 in the intervention group and n=21 704 in the control group). Intervention A QI plan that targeted primary care professionals. The plan included training sessions, implementation of recommended clinical practice guidelines for the management of hypertensive patients and audit and feedback to health professionals. Main outcome measure Prevalence of hypertensive patients with an adequate blood pressure (BP) control. Results The adjusted difference between intervention and standard care groups in the odds of BP control was 1.3 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.6, p=0.003). Results of the mixed model on repeated measures showed that, on average, an individual in the intervention group had an increase of 92% in the odds of BP control (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.7 to 2.1). Conclusions The implementation of a QI plan can improve BP control. This strategy is potentially feasible for up-scaling within the existing PHCTs. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov MS: 1998275938244441.
Reading, Writing, and Understanding

This article focuses on ways in which school-age children “make meaning” when they are involved in reading and writing activities. An Analysis of Meaning Construction procedure was developed to describe the knowledge sources, specific strategies, and monitoring behaviors of 67 third-, sixth-, and ninth-grade children when they read and wrote stories and reports. Each student participated in either a think-aloud or retrospective self-report activity during (or after) reading and writing four story and report passages. The resulting transcripts were segmented into communication units and analyzed using the meaning analysis system. Comparisons were made between genres (story and report), domains (reading and writing), and ages (grades 3, 6, and 9). Findings indicate that meaning-making behaviors (1) are complex and varied, (2) change with age and difficulty, and (3) vary consistently between reading and writing. Although reading and writing are related language activities in that they tap similar underlying processes, it is inaccurate to conceptualize them as predominantly similar; reading and writing are also quite different in that the processes they invoke follow markedly different patterns.
4D flow MRI and T1‐Mapping: Assessment of altered cardiac hemodynamics and extracellular volume fraction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is associated with altered hemodynamics in the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) and myocardial tissue abnormalities such as fibrosis. The aim of this study was to quantify changes in LVOT 3D hemodynamics and myocardial extracellular volume fraction (ECV, measure of fibrosis) and to investigate relationships between elevated flow metrics and left ventricular (LV) tissue abnormalities.
Deuterium Abundance toward G191-B2B: Results from the FUSE Mission

High-resolution spectra of the hot white dwarf G191-B2B, covering the wavelength region 905-1187 Å, were obtained with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE). These data were used in conjunction with existing high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) observations to evaluate the total H I, D I, O I, and N I column densities along the line of sight. Previous determinations of N(D I) based upon GHRS and STIS observations were controversial as a result of the saturated strength of the D I Lyα line. In the present analysis the column density of D I has been measured using only the unsaturated Lyβ and Lyγ lines observed by FUSE. A careful inspection of possible systematic uncertainties tied to the modeling of the stellar continuum or to the uncertainties in the FUSE instrumental characteristics has been performed. The column densities derived are log N(D ) = 13.40 ± 0.07, log N(O ) = 14.86 ± 0.07, and log N(N ) = 13.87 ± 0.07, quoted with 2 σ uncertainties. The measurement of the H I column density by profile fitting of the Lyα line has been found to be uncertain. If additional weak, hot interstellar components are added to the three detected clouds along the line of sight, the H I column density can be reduced quite significantly, even though the signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution at Lyα are excellent. The new estimate of N(H I) toward G191-B2B reads log N(H ) = 18.18 ± 0.18 (2 σ), so that the average D/H ratio on the line of sight is D/H = × 10-5 (2 σ).
TEFM (c17orf42) is necessary for transcription of human mtDNA

Here we show that c17orf42, hereafter TEFM (transcription elongation factor of mitochondria), makes a critical contribution to mitochondrial transcription. Inactivation of TEFM in cells by RNA interference results in respiratory incompetence owing to decreased levels of H- and L-strand promoter-distal mitochondrial transcripts. Affinity purification of TEFM from human mitochondria yielded a complex comprising mitochondrial transcripts, mitochondrial RNA polymerase (POLRMT), pentatricopeptide repeat domain 3 protein (PTCD3), and a putative DEAD-box RNA helicase, DHX30. After RNase treatment only POLRMT remained associated with TEFM, and in human cultured cells TEFM formed foci coincident with newly synthesized mitochondrial RNA. Based on deletion mutants, TEFM interacts with the catalytic region of POLRMT, and in vitro TEFM enhanced POLRMT processivity on ss- and dsDNA templates. TEFM contains two HhH motifs and a Ribonuclease H fold, similar to the nuclear transcription elongation regulator Spt6. These findings lead us to propose that TEFM is a mitochondrial transcription elongation factor.
SEASONAL VARIATION OF ANOXIC CONDITIONS IN THE ROGOZNICA LAKE

Seasonal variations of temperature, salinity and concentration of dissolved oxygen, as well as vertical distribution of dissolved organic matter, surface active substances, phytoplankton and reduced sulfur compounds in the small, intensely eutrophicated, 15 m deep sea-lake, Rogoznica Lake, were investigated during 1994, 1995 and 1996. Anoxic conditions in the Lake and high concentrations of sulfur compounds (up to 10(-4) M, mainly in the form of sulfide) were detected below the 9 m depth in the periods of stable stratification in 1994 and 1995. At the boundary between oxic and anoxic conditions (chemocline), the presence of purple sulfur bacteria (genus Chromatium) and a maximum concentration of thiosulfate (8 x 10(-6) M) were detected. The stratification and mixing of lake water were greatly influenced by rainfall, as shown from decreased salinity in deeper waters. High phytoplankton activity over the entire water column and an extremely high production of oxygen (oxygen saturation up to 300%) probably prevented the expected development of anoxia during the spring of 1996.