Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pitfalls in Percutaneous Dilational Tracheostomy Using the Ciaglia® One-Step Technique

Surgical tracheostomy was first described in 1909. Since then, it has become a standard procedure for patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. More recently, bedside percutaneous tracheostomy has been shown to be as safe and effective as the surgical technique, but with the added advantage of also being technically straightforward and cost-efficient. Partly because of this, percutaneous tracheostomy is now being performed by nonsurgeon intensivists. However, the relative ease of the procedure may mask many potential pitfalls that can result in morbidity. As such, it is important for all intensivists to be familiar with the steps and potential pitfalls of this procedure. This is an evidence-based review of the common pitfalls associated with the Ciaglia® one-step percutaneous tracheostomy technique, the method most commonly utilized for percutaneous tracheostomy insertion in the United States.
Medical leadership: why it's important, what is required, and how we develop it

Good medical leadership is vital in delivering high-quality healthcare, and yet medical career progression has traditionally seen leadership lack credence in comparison with technical and academic ability. Individual standards have varied, leading to variations in the quality of medical leadership between different organisations and, on occasions, catastrophic lapses in the standard of care provided to patients. These high-profile events, plus increasing evidence linking clinical leadership to performance of units, has led recently to more focus on leadership development for all doctors, starting earlier and continuing throughout their careers. There is also an increased drive to see doctors take on more significant leadership roles throughout the healthcare system. The achievement of these aims will require doctors to develop strong personal and professional values, a range of non-technical skills that allow them to lead across professional boundaries, and an understanding of the increasingly complex environment in which 21st century healthcare is delivered. Developing these attributes will require dedicated resources and the sophisticated application of a variety of different learning methodologies such as mentoring, coaching, action learning and networking.
The nonlinear bending-torsion theory for curved rods as Gamma-limit of three-dimensional elasticity

The problem of the rigorous derivation of one-dimensional models for nonlinearly elastic curved beams is studied in a variational setting. Considering different scalings of the three-dimensional energy and passing to the limit as the diameter of the beam goes to zero, a nonlinear model for strings and a bending-torsion theory for rods are deduced.
A New Motion Illusion Related to the Aperture Problem

A previously unreported motion illusion is described. Oblique lines that drift smoothly on the retina in a vertical direction appear to be displaced laterally. The effect occurs both for moving lines under fixation and for stationary lines under ocular tracking of an external target. Orientation, length, and homogeneity of the obliques affect the magnitude of illusory displacement. We propose that this illusion is associated with a misregistration of the direction of displacement occurring, in lines slanted relative to the axis of their motion, because of the aperture problem.
Novel Importin-α Family Member Kpna7 Is Required for Normal Fertility and Fecundity in the Mouse*

Nuclear importing system and nuclear factors play important roles in mediating nuclear reprogramming and zygotic gene activation. However, the components and mechanisms that mediate nuclearly specific targeting of the nuclear proteins during nuclear reprogramming and zygotic gene activation remain largely unknown. Here, we identified a novel member of the importin-α family, AW146299(KPNA7), which is predominantly expressed in mouse oocytes and zygotes and localizes to the nucleus or spindle. Mutation of Kpna7 gene caused reproductivity reduction and sex imbalance by inducing preferential fetal lethality in females. Parthenogenesis analysis showed that the cell cycle of activated one-cell embryos is loss of control and ahead of schedule but finally failed to develop into blastocyst stage. Further RT-PCR and epigenetic modification analysis showed that knocking out of Kpna7 induced abnormalities of gene expression (dppa2, dppa4, and piwil2) and epigenetic modifications (down-regulation of histone H3K27me3). Biochemical analysis showed that KPNA7 interacts with KPNB1 (importin-β1). In summary, we identified a novel Kpna7 gene that is required for normal fertility and fecundity.
The Influences of Personality and Motivation on the Sharing of Misinformation on Social Media

Social media, featuring rich user-generated information, is becoming an important component of daily life. It has also become a fertile ground for misinformation (inaccurate information) due to lack of quality control mechanisms. This study proposed and directly tested three predictor categories – personality, motivation, and perceived characteristic of information – to understand users’ misinformation sharing on social media. A survey was conducted with 171 university students. The findings showed that userintrinsic factors and three motivation factors played influential roles in the sharing behavior. We thus concluded that people’s sharing of misinformation on social media is mainly influenced by their personalities or specific motivations. The action of sharing, rather than the perceived accuracy and characteristics of the information being shared, is what matters most. In light of the findings, besides teaching information evaluating skills, professionals responsible for information literacy training may also want to address the non-informational motivations that propel misinformation sharing.
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism

The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (German: ) is a book written by Max Weber, a German sociologist, economist, and politician. Begun as a series of essays, the original German text was composed in 1904 and 1905, and was translated into English for the first time by American sociologist Talcott Parsons in 1930. It is considered a founding text in economic sociology and sociology in general.
Cooperative adaptive cruise control, design and experiments

The design of a CACC system and corresponding experiments are presented. The design targets string stable system behavior, which is assessed using a frequency-domain-based approach. Following this approach, it is shown that the available wireless information enables small inter-vehicle distances, while maintaining string stable behavior. The theoretical results are validated by experiments with two CACC-equipped vehicles. Measurement results showing string stable as well as string unstable behavior are discussed.
Sampling efficiency of a single‐cell capillary electrophoresis system

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) combined with a laser‐induced fluorescence (LIF) detection scheme is a powerful approach for single‐cell analysis. For measurements requiring a high temporal resolution, CE–LIF is often combined with cell lysis systems based on pulsed lasers. Although extremely rapid, laser lysis has raised some concerns about the efficiency at which the cell contents are sampled. We have assembled a single‐cell CE‐LIF mounted on the stage of a microscope. This system was coupled with a nanosecond pulsed laser for cell lysis. We have analyzed green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressed in single mammalian cells and developed a novel approach to estimate the cell sampling efficiency (SE) based on the use of fluorescent calibration microspheres and flow cytometry. A significant advantage of this method is that it does not require any knowledge or assumption regarding the cell volume. We have evaluated the SE for different laser pulse energies (from 2 to 9 μJ) and two different pulse focal positions in the xy plane (0–10 μm from the center of the cell). We found the maximum SE at the lowest energy (2 μJ), with the pulse focused directly on the cell. We have demonstrated the utility of a novel method to measure the SE of a single‐cell CE system. The measurements presented in this study indicate that rapid cell lysis with nanosecond lasers requires careful optimization of pulse parameters for maximum sampling of the cell contents. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Changes in Sleep Patterns of Young Women from Late Pregnancy to Postpartum: Relationships to Their Infants' Movements

We studied changes in the sleep patterns of ten young women from late pregnancy (36 weeks) to the sixth postpartum week, focusing on the relationship between the women's sleep patterns and their infants' movements. The mothers' polysomnograms and their infants' ankle actigrams were simultaneously recorded using a Medilog 9000 at home in three sessions, during the first, third, and sixth postpartum weeks. The mother-infant pairs slept in close proximity. Two subjects had difficulty with their infants and were dealt with as a separate group. Analysis for the eight subjects who adapted well to the postpartum period showed that wake time after sleep onset increased significantly during the postpartum period compared with late pregnancy given responsibility for feeding. Stage 3+4 and Stage REM did not change across the four sessions (pregnancy, first, third, and sixth postpartum weeks), but Stage 2 decreased significantly from pregnancy to postpartum. There was a high synchronization between infants' movements and mothers' wakefulness. Eight mothers did not complain of sleep disturbance, while the two mothers who had difficulty with their infants did. We suggest that mothers who tolerate well sleep interruption arising from feeding and maintain their Stages 3+4 and REM should not be considered as suffering from sleep disturbance. Mothers who have difficulty with their infants and complain of sleep disturbance should be considered as suffering from sleep disturbance.
Shadow IT Systems: Discerning the Good and the evil

Shadow IT is becoming increasingly important as digital work practices make it easier than ever for business units crafting their own IT solutions. Prior research on shadow IT systems has often used fixed accounts of good or evil: They have been celebrated as powerful drivers of innovation or demonized as lacking central governance. We introduce a method to IT managers and architects enabling a more nuanced understanding of shadow IT systems with respect to their architectural embeddedness. Drawing on centrality measures from network analysis, the method portrays shadow IT systems as most critical if they hold a central position in a network of applications and information flows. We use enterprise architecture data from a recycling company to demonstrate and evaluate the method in a real project context. In the example, several critical and yet disregarded shadow IT systems have been identified and measures were taken to govern them decently.
Use of statins is associated with a lower prevalence of generalised osteoarthritis

Begoña Ubilla, Beatriz Carnero-López, Inés Gómez-Acebo, Ricardo Blanco, Rodrigo Ochoa, Javier Rueda-Gotor, Trinitario Pina, Carlos González-Juanatey, Javier Llorca, Miguel A González-Gay Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IFIMAV, Santander, Spain Rheumatology Division, Hospital Xeral-Calde, Lugo, Spain Oncology Division, Hospital Del Bierzo, Ponferrada, León, Spain Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, IFIMAV, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Santander, Spain Cardiology Division, Hospital Xeral-Calde, Lugo, Spain
NF-kappaB is a key mediator of cerebral aneurysm formation.

BACKGROUND Subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by the rupture of cerebral aneurysm (CA) remains a life-threatening disease despite recent diagnostic and therapeutic advancements. Recent studies strongly suggest the active participation of macrophage-mediated chronic inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of CA. We examined the role of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in the pathogenesis of CA formation in this study. METHODS AND RESULTS In experimentally induced CAs in rats, NF-kappaB was activated in cerebral arterial walls in the early stage of aneurysm formation with upregulated expression of downstream genes. NF-kappaB p50 subunit-deficient mice showed a decreased incidence of CA formation with less macrophage infiltration into the arterial wall. NF-kappaB decoy oligodeoxynucleotide also prevented CA formation when it was administered at the early stage of aneurysm formation in rats. Macrophage infiltration and expression of downstream genes were dramatically inhibited by NF-kappaB decoy oligodeoxynucleotide. In human CA walls, NF-kappaB also was activated, especially in the intima. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that NF-kappaB plays a crucial role as a key regulator in the initiation of CA development by inducing some inflammatory genes related to macrophage recruitment and activation. NF-kappaB may represent a therapeutic target of a novel medical treatment for CA.
Increased resistance to activated protein C in women taking third-generation oral contraceptives?

In a recently published paper in Blood, [1][1] Kemmeren et al elegantly studied the effect of second- and third-generation oral contraceptives (OCs) on hemostatic variables that probe the activity of the protein C system. The authors showed that, because the progestagen poorly counteracted the
Fast multiscale image segmentation

We introduce a fast, multiscale algorithm for image segmentation. Our algorithm uses modern numeric techniques to find an approximate solution to normalized cut measures in time that is linear in the size of the image with only a few dozen operations per pixel. In just one pass the algorithm provides a complete hierarchical decomposition of the image into segments. The algorithm detects the segments by applying a process of recursive coarsening in which the same minimization problem is represented with fewer and fewer variables producing an irregular pyramid. During this coarsening process we may compute additional internal statistics of the emerging segments and use these statistics to facilitate the segmentation process. Once the pyramid is completed it is scanned from the top down to associate pixels close to the boundaries of segments with the appropriate segment. The algorithm is inspired by algebraic multigrid (AMG) solvers of minimization problems of heat or electric networks. We demonstrate the algorithm by applying it to real images.
Role of vascular endothelium in exercise-induced dilation of large epicardial coronary arteries in conscious dogs.

BACKGROUND The role of vascular endothelium in the control of epicardial coronary artery vasomotion during treadmill exercise remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the consequences of in vivo balloon endothelial denudation on external coronary diameter of the left circumflex artery during exercise in conscious dogs. METHODS AND RESULTS Seven dogs instrumented for the measurement of arterial blood pressure, external coronary artery diameter, and coronary blood flow were studied during exercise before and up to 21 days after balloon endothelial denudation of the proximal left circumflex artery. Endothelial denudation was confirmed by abolition of the epicardial coronary artery dilation induced by acetylcholine (0.3 microgram/kg IV) and reactive hyperemia. Epicardial coronary vasodilation was observed in the control state during treadmill exercise (+5.2 +/- 1.0%). In contrast, a marked vasoconstriction was observed 3 (-4.6 +/- 0.6%) and up to 6 days after endothelial denudation. Complete epicardial coronary artery dilation in response to acetylcholine and exercise was restored 9 days after endothelial denudation. In addition, epicardial coronary artery vasomotor responses to acetylcholine and treadmill exercise were closely correlated (r = .82, P < .001). Reactive dilation was not completely restored 21 days after endothelial denudation, but reactive hyperemia and exercise vasomotor responses during the 21 days follow-up were correlated (r = .70, P < .001). Vasodilation induced by nitroglycerin (1 microgram/kg IV) was reduced by 25% (P < .01) 3 days after endothelial denudation and returned to its corresponding control level 3 days later. Prazosin (50 micrograms/kg IV) significantly attenuated the exercise-induced coronary artery constriction after endothelial denudation (+1.5 +/- 1.4% versus -4.6 +/- 1.0%). CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that endothelium is essential for the mediation of epicardial coronary dilation during exercise and may protect these vessels against the vasoconstrictor effect of endogenous catecholamines.
Structural Health Monitoring System for the Shandong Binzhou Yellow River Highway Bridge

Abstract: Structural health monitoring (SHM) provides a useful tool for ensuring safety and detecting the evolution of damage and performance deterioration of civil infrastructures. A great number of civil infrastructures under construction can be used as test beds for SHM systems. The Binzhou Yellow River Highway Bridge is a cable‐stayed bridge in Shandong Province, China. An SHM system has been implemented on this bridge during its construction for monitoring its health status and assessing its safety for long‐term services. The system includes a sensor module, a data acquisition module, a wired and wireless data transmit module, a structural analysis module, a database module, and a warning module. It is integrated by using LabVIEW software and can be remotely operated via Internet. The database is available freely to all scientists and engineers in the SHM research area. This article introduces the deployment and functions of this system, and presents the measured responses of the bridge subjected to moving vehicle loads.
An Evaluation of Mental Health Gains in Adolescents who Participate in a Structured Day Treatment Program

A day treatment program is an important component on the continuum of care for young people with moderate to severe mental health issues. The aim of this research was to investigate whether adolescents who participate in a structured day treatment program demonstrate greater mental health gains than adolescents receiving less intensive outpatient treatment. In addition, the research investigated whether mental health gains were related to intake diagnosis and whether parents reported higher levels of mental health gain than the client in their self-report ratings. The setting for the research was The Cottage, an adolescent day treatment program, run by the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) in the Australian Capital Territory. The program provides intense multi-faceted treatment within a therapeutic milieu environment for clients aged 12-18 years with moderate to severe mental health issues. The study involved a Day Program group of 22 clients from The Cottage and included a comparison group of 20 outpatient clients from CAMHS. Results indicated that individuals in both treatment approaches had statistically significant reductions in anxiety and depression symptomology and improvements in outcome measures, but there were no significant differences between the two treatment groups. The data indicated a statistically significant difference in return to school rates, whereby approximately 82% of individuals in the day treatment program had returned to school/employment, whilst only 30% of individuals in outpatient treatment had returned to school/employment within three months post treatment. The results did not demonstrate that the degree of mental health gain was dependent upon intake diagnosis and although not statistically significant, parents rated their children as more severe in terms of psychopathology than the client.
Cyclin D1 gene contains a cryptic promoter that is functional in human cancer cells

A novel cyclin D1 (CCND1)–TROP2 fusion oncogene has been isolated from human cancer cells. Unexpectedly, the chimeric cDNA was found to express TROP2 in the absence of exogenous promoters. Mutagenesis of the TROP2 and CCND1 sequences and in vitro transcription/translation show that a cryptic promoter is present in the 3′ coding region of CCND1. The CCND1 cryptic promoter is functional in luciferase assays, where it augments the basal expression levels by eightfold and efficiently cooperates with an SV‐40 enhancer. The transcription start sites of the cryptic promoter map at bases 797 and 935 of CCND1, as determined by RNase protection assays. The cryptic promoter possesses canonical binding sites for ubiquitous transcription factors and W/S, X1, and CAAT/Y boxes that are characteristic of major histocompatibility complex class II gene promoters. Remarkably, the cryptic CCND1 promoter is active in human cancer cells and generates a truncated transcript that contains CCND1 instability sequences. Thus, this novel CCND1 transcription unit may play a role in the regulation of the expression of cyclin D1 and in tumor cell growth. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bulk ionization potentials and band alignments from three-dimensional periodic calculations as demonstrated on rocksalt oxides

The position of the band edges of a material plays a key role in determining the properties for a range of applications, but fundamental band bending is an interface-dependent property that cannot be quantified without knowledge of bulk electron energy levels. We present a method for calculating the bulk position of the valence band maximum, and therefore the bulk ionization potential, from periodic plane wave calculations as shown for a range of rocksalt ionic oxides. We demonstrate that, for the popular “slab alignment” technique, explicit consideration of any surface induced electronic polarization is necessary to calculate accurate bulk ionization potentials. Our proposed method to quantify these surface effects, using polarizable-shell based interatomic potentials, is very computationally affordable, and our updated slab alignment method yields much improved agreement with the available experimental data.
Long-term Potentiation at Temporoammonic Path-CA1 Synapses in Freely Moving Rats

Hippocampal area CA1 receives direct entorhinal layer III input via the temporoammonic path (TAP) and recent studies implicate TAP-CA1 synapses are important for some aspects of hippocampal memory function. Nonetheless, as few studies have examined TAP-CA1 synaptic plasticity in vivo, the induction and longevity of TAP-CA1 long-term potentiation (LTP) has not been fully characterized. We analyzed CA1 responses following stimulation of the medial aspect of the angular bundle and investigated LTP at medial temporoammonic path (mTAP)-CA1 synapses in freely moving rats. We demonstrate monosynaptic mTAP-CA1 responses can be isolated in vivo as evidenced by observations of independent current sinks in the stratum lacunosum moleculare of both areas CA1 and CA3 following angular bundle stimulation. Contrasting prior indications that TAP input rarely elicits CA1 discharge, we observed mTAP-CA1 responses that appeared to contain putative population spikes in 40% of our behaving animals. Theta burst high frequency stimulation of mTAP afferents resulted in an input specific and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent LTP of mTAP-CA1 responses in behaving animals. LTP of mTAP-CA1 responses decayed as a function of two exponential decay curves with time constants (τ) of 2.7 and 148 days to decay 63.2% of maximal LTP. In contrast, mTAP-CA1 population spike potentiation longevity demonstrated a τ of 9.6 days. To our knowledge, these studies provide the first description of mTAP-CA1 LTP longevity in vivo. These data indicate TAP input to area CA1 is a physiologically relevant afferent system that displays robust synaptic plasticity.