Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Localization of Protein Aggregation in Escherichia coli Is Governed by Diffusion and Nucleoid Macromolecular Crowding Effect

Aggregates of misfolded proteins are a hallmark of many age-related diseases. Recently, they have been linked to aging of Escherichia coli (E. coli) where protein aggregates accumulate at the old pole region of the aging bacterium. Because of the potential of E. coli as a model organism, elucidating aging and protein aggregation in this bacterium may pave the way to significant advances in our global understanding of aging. A first obstacle along this path is to decipher the mechanisms by which protein aggregates are targeted to specific intercellular locations. Here, using an integrated approach based on individual-based modeling, time-lapse fluorescence microscopy and automated image analysis, we show that the movement of aging-related protein aggregates in E. coli is purely diffusive (Brownian). Using single-particle tracking of protein aggregates in live E. coli cells, we estimated the average size and diffusion constant of the aggregates. Our results provide evidence that the aggregates passively diffuse within the cell, with diffusion constants that depend on their size in agreement with the Stokes-Einstein law. However, the aggregate displacements along the cell long axis are confined to a region that roughly corresponds to the nucleoid-free space in the cell pole, thus confirming the importance of increased macromolecular crowding in the nucleoids. We thus used 3D individual-based modeling to show that these three ingredients (diffusion, aggregation and diffusion hindrance in the nucleoids) are sufficient and necessary to reproduce the available experimental data on aggregate localization in the cells. Taken together, our results strongly support the hypothesis that the localization of aging-related protein aggregates in the poles of E. coli results from the coupling of passive diffusion-aggregation with spatially non-homogeneous macromolecular crowding. They further support the importance of “soft” intracellular structuring (based on macromolecular crowding) in diffusion-based protein localization in E. coli.
A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Acrylamide and Its Metabolite, Glycidamide, in the Rat

Acrylamide is a neurotoxicant and a multisite carcinogen in rats following chronic, high-dose exposures. In an effort to improve risk-based decisions for acrylamide (AMD) and its epoxide metabolite, glycidamide (GLY), a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed for describing AMD and GLY kinetics in the rat. The PBPK model consists of components for both AMD and GLY. AMD is distributed within five compartments (arterial blood, venous blood, liver, lung, and all other tissues lumped together) and is linked to the GLY portion of the model via metabolism in the liver. GLY is distributed within the same five compartments. Dosing of AMD via the intravenous, intraperitoneal, or oral route of exposure is incorporated into the model structure. The model parameters include measured values for rat physiology (tissue volumes, blood flows), estimated tissue partition coefficients based on a published algorithm, and estimated values for metabolism and tissue binding based on fitting the model to tissue kinetic data from four studies. Despite gaps and limitations in the available database, a reliable description of the kinetics of AMD and GLY from existing studies was obtained using a single set of model parameters. The metabolism of AMD via cytochrome P-450 was best described using a V max of 1.6 mg/h/kg and a K m of 10 mg/L, while the metabolism of AMD via GST was described using a second-order rate constant of 0.55 L/h-mmol GSH. Similarly, the metabolism of GLY via epoxide hydrolase was best described using a V max of 1.9 mg/h/kg and a K m of 100 mg/L, while the metabolism of GLY via GST was described using a rate constant of 0.8 L/h-mmol GSH. These parameters were established based on the proportion of various metabolites found in urine. Future studies will need to focus on the collection of key data for refining model parameters for metabolism and tissue binding and for model validation, as well as for developing a similar model for humans. Completion of these additional studies will result in a validated rat and human PBPK model capable of predicting tissue doses linked to potential mechanisms of toxic effects for AMD and GLY and allow determination of scientifically defensible exposure limits that remain protective of human health.
CORRELATES OF ACADEMIC ABILITY AMONG PART-TIME GRADUATE STUDENTS OF EDUCATION IN HONG KONG

Biggs’ presage-product-process model provided a theoretical framework for modeling the observed interrelationships among gender, age, self-efficacy, proactive attitude, locus of control, academic experiences, knowledge orientation, learning approach, and self-reported academic ability in a sample of 120 Hong Kong graduate students of education (M.Ed. students). Gender and locus of control were found not to have any significant direct or indirect effects on self-reported academic ability. Selfefficacy, academic experiences, and learning approach had direct positive effects on self-reported academic ability, while the effects of age and proactive attitude on selfreported academic ability were indirect through one or more of the process variables which in turn had either direct or indirect effects on self-reported academic ability. The final path model, minus gender and locus of control, fit the data well, had good predictive power, and suggested that age, self-efficacy and proactive attitude could prove useful for identifying part-time M.Ed. students most likely to succeed in their studies.
Characteristics of LNA Operation in Direct Delta–Sigma Receivers

This brief analyzes the dual role and operation of the low noise amplifier (LNA) in the recently introduced direct delta-sigma receiver (DDSR). First, the LNA functions as a transconductor in an integrator stage, and in this role, we explore the effects of LNA output impedance on quantization noise shaping by the system. In the second role of a voltage preamplifier, we show how the closed-loop DDSR structure impacts LNA voltage gain and system noise. LNA and system properties are thus intertwined and lead to the need for careful codesign. The reliability of the utilized continuous-time DDSR approximation is verified by simulating a sample receiver model.
Etiology of the comorbidity between RD and ADHD: Exploration of the non‐random mating hypothesis

The present research sought to test the validity of the non‐random mating hypothesis in a community sample in order to determine whether it contributes significantly to the comorbidity between attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and reading disability (RD) and to test whether the two disorders segregate independently. Data were gathered from 394 twin participants of the Colorado Learning Disabilities Research Center (CLDRC) and their biological parents. Parents were asked to complete retrospective questionnaires regarding their own ADHD and RD symptomatology as children, as well as rate their children on DSM‐IV ADHD symptomatology before age 12. Twin RD was assessed by a composite score consisting of several reading measures. Chi‐square and correlational analyses assessed the presence of non‐random mating, as well as whether the two disorders were transmitted independently. Non‐random mating between those with ADHD and those with RD did not significantly contribute to the comorbidity of the two disorders. Furthermore, there was some evidence that these two disorders did not segregate independently in this sample. These results are consistent with recent evidence that ADHD and RD are often comorbid because of significant genetic overlap. There was little evidence to support that non‐random mating also contributes to this comorbidity in the present sample. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Blame–account sequences in child custody disputes

This article analyzes how cross-examining attorneys and litigating parents accomplished blame attributions and accounts during courtroom examinations in child custody disputes. It draws on recordings from 42 cases. It is shown how person descriptions were vital parts of sequences of blame ascriptions and subsequent blame accounts, where cross-examining attorneys elicited and then invoked parents’ disparaging person descriptions of their ex-partners. As part of the institutional format of these disputes, parents had to handle an interactional dilemma concerning the reflexive implications of blaming others. While blame-implicative descriptions had been used to allocate blame to the ex-partner, they now backfired in that cross-examining attorneys would deploy the same descriptions as ways of reallocating blame (to the testifying parent). As part of such blame reallocations, cross-examining attorneys upgraded alleged prior blame attributions, thus fueling the dispute and setting up a recursive machinery in the form of a never-ending series of blamings.
Library and information science research in China

Abstract This study is to quantitatively analyze the research activity in the area of Chinese Library and Information Science (LIS) from 1975 to 2004 based on Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). Results show that there are increases in both the number of papers and the quality of publishing channels. It was higher than the world average for Chinese research effort in LIS area. About 79% of the total LIS papers in China were from universities. The web of science (WOS) journals are representative for the Chinese LIS publications in general. The quantity and quality of papers from Hong Kong were higher than that from Mainland China. About half of the papers from China were completed through either international or domestical collaborations. The major collaborators were from Europe and North America and the higher quality of collaborations were from Oceania and North America.
Superficial Friends: A Content Analysis of Nonprofit and Philanthropy Coverage in Nine Major Newspapers

Hundreds of empirical studies indicate that the media can tell us not only what to think about but what to think. It is therefore likely that media coverage of nonprofits may have profound effects on the public's perception of the voluntary sector. Unfortunately, there is little empirical research about media coverage of nonprofits and almost none that is framed by communication theories. This article uses two such theories, agenda setting and media framing, to explore how nonprofits are portrayed in the media. A content analysis of 1,034 randomly sampled newspaper stories reveals that although nonprofit coverage is generally quite favorable, it is often episodic and not thematically framed. In addition, the results indicate that on the comparatively rare occasions when newspaper stories focus on the nonprofit sector as a whole instead of individual nonprofit organizations, the proportion of stories favorable toward nonprofits declines.
Eliminating social inequality by reinforcing standard language ideology? Language policy for Dutch in Flemish schools

Flanders, the northern, Dutch-speaking part of Belgium, is experiencing growing intra- and interlingual diversity. On the intralingual level, Tussentaal (‘in-between-language’) has emerged as a cluster of intermediate varieties between the Flemish dialects and Standard Dutch, gradually becoming the colloquial language. At the same time, Flanders is encountering increasing numbers of immigrants and their languages. This paper analyses the way Flemish language-in-education policy deals with perceived problems of substandardisation and multilingualism, in order to create equal opportunities for all pupils, regardless of their native language or social background. Both the policy and the measures it proposes are strongly influenced by different, yet intertwined ideologies of standardisation and monolingualism. By propagating Standard Dutch as the only acceptable language and by denying all forms of language diversity, Flemish language-in-education policy not only fails to create equal opportunities, but also reinforces ideologies that maintain inequality. Instead, language policy should be open towards language diversity, taking the role of teachers in forming and implementing policies into consideration.
Palindromic Genes in the Linear Mitochondrial Genome of the Nonphotosynthetic Green Alga Polytomella magna

Organelle DNA is no stranger to palindromic repeats. But never has a mitochondrial or plastid genome been described in which every coding region is part of a distinct palindromic unit. While sequencing the mitochondrial DNA of the nonphotosynthetic green alga Polytomella magna, we uncovered precisely this type of genic arrangement. The P. magna mitochondrial genome is linear and made up entirely of palindromes, each containing 1–7 unique coding regions. Consequently, every gene in the genome is duplicated and in an inverted orientation relative to its partner. And when these palindromic genes are folded into putative stem-loops, their predicted translational start sites are often positioned in the apex of the loop. Gel electrophoresis results support the linear, 28-kb monomeric conformation of the P. magna mitochondrial genome. Analyses of other Polytomella taxa suggest that palindromic mitochondrial genes were present in the ancestor of the Polytomella lineage and lost or retained to various degrees in extant species. The possible origins and consequences of this bizarre genomic architecture are discussed.
Expression of MDR1 and glutatione S transferase‐π genes and chemosensitivities in human gastrointestinal cancer

The relationship was analyzed between drug resistance and MDR1 (with MDR signifying multiple drug resistance) and glutatione S transferase‐π (GST‐π) gene expression in four stomach and four colon cancer cell lines. Northern blot analysis by pmdr1 probe showed that stomach cancer cell lines had no detectable level of MDR1 mRNA expression. By contrast, some levels of MDR1 mRNA expression were found in two colon cancer cell lines, indicating doxorubicin resistance. To examine the MDR1 mRNA in each cell level, in situ hybridization was used. It was found that all colon cell lines and two stomach cell lines had more silver grains per cell than KB cells (a human KB kidney epidermoid carcinoma cell line). However, the number of silver grains in each cell was heterogeneous in the colon and stomach cell lines. Low‐level MDR1 mRNA expression could be detected even in cell lines without MDR1 mRNA expression by northern blot hybridization. These results suggest the possibility that all gastrointestinal cell lines can acquire multiple drug resistance. In addition, all examined gastrointestinal cell lines had high GST‐π mRNA expression. This GST‐π gene expression shows cisplatin resistance in the examined cell lines. Heterogeneity of GST‐π mRNA expression also was shown at the cellular level. Cancer 1992; 69:941–946.
Student-Father Attitudes toward Contemporary Social Issues

Differences in attitudes between a group of college freshmen and a group of fathers were determined by a sample survey for such issues as: family roles, societal values, college, Blacks, religion, ecology, and marijuana. Group data from 90 students and 90 fathers indicated a substantial generation gap and a failure by both groups to perceive that gap. Clustering of attitudes were similar for students and fathers, but students generally conformed more closely to student stereotypes.
Understanding the Change in Male and Female Intimate Partner Homicide Over Time

Research on intimate partner homicide has increased along with public awareness and policy responses toward domestic violence. The current study addresses the decline in gender-specific intimate partner homicides during a time marked by significant transformations in domestic violence legislation, including the enactment of the 1994 Violence Against Women’s Act. In an attempt to account for changes in intimate partner homicide during this time period, we examine the exposure reducing potential of domesticity, domestic violence resources, and females’ economic status, while also acknowledging their possible backlash/retaliation effects when accounting for inequalities in the economic statuses of males and females. By incorporating a pooled time-series design to model change, our research reveals changes between 1990 and 2000 in key theoretical predictors of domesticity, domestic violence resources, and economic deprivation significantly influence the trends in male-victim intimate partner homicide, but not female-victim intimate partner homicide for a large sample of 178 urban cities.
Evaluation of the Use of Healing Imagery in Athletic Injury Rehabilitation

“Healing imagery” can be defined as both visualizing affirmative images of internal physiological healing and visualizing oneself as healthy and fully functioning (Driediger, Hall, & Callow, 2006). Healing imagery has been found to effectively reduce the recovery time from various athletic injuries when combined with other mental skills such as self-talk and relaxation (Ievleva & Orlick, 1991). However, the literature remains void of a study that examines the potential benefits of the regular use of healing imagery techniques alone. This study compared the effects that a healing imagery intervention had on the recovery of one group of injured athletes to the recovery of a control group of injured athletes who did not receive the imagery manipulation. This study compared the two groups in three areas: satisfaction with rehabilitation, self-efficacy to recover, and return to play. The sample consisted of 9 injured varsity athletes (intervention group n = 5, control group n = 4). A significant interaction effect was found for satisfaction with rehabilitation, as athletes in the intervention group increased in satisfaction from Week 2 to Week 3, while the control group decreased in satisfaction during the same period. Both groups were found to be significantly higher in task self-efficacy than in coping self-efficacy during injury rehabilitation. The groups did not significantly differ in their return to play times. A qualitative review of the intervention group revealed that these participants believed that imagery helped them increase confidence, motivation, injury awareness, rehab adherence, relaxation, and focus, while decreasing their frustration with the rehabilitation program. This article discusses the results with respect to imagery effects, study limitations, and future directions.
Casier: structures for composing tangibles and complementary interactors for use across diverse systems

Casiers are a class of tangible interface elements that structure the physical and functional composition of tangibles and complementary interactors (e.g., buttons and sliders). Casiers allow certain subsets of interactive functionality to be accessible across diverse interactive systems (with and without graphical mediation, employing varied sensing capabilities and supporting software). We illustrate examples of casiers in use, including iterations around a custom walk-up-and-use kiosk, as well as casiers operable across com- mercial platforms of widely varying cost and capability.
Physician sensemaking and readiness for electronic medical records

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore physician sensemaking and readiness to implement electronic medical records (EMR) as a first step to finding strategies that enhance EMR adoption behaviors.Design/methodology/approach – The case study approach provides a detailed analysis of individuals within an organizational unit. Using a theoretical lens of sensemaking and readiness for change gives a framework for triangulated inquiry.Findings – Findings reveal that physicians' key sensemaking factors are alignment, expectations, symbols (i.e. voice activation technology), outside influences, emotional arousal, trust, faith, forced implementation, controlled influence, and clarification of identity. These factors collectively describe how physician derive meaning through innovation.Research limitations/implications – The findings elucidate physicians as autonomous learners utilizing innovative thought processes to prepare for EMR implementation. Physicians used innovation in EMR implementation as a me.
Effects of Goal Priming and Motive-Goal Congruence on Goal-Related Dreaming

The present research tested the effects of goal priming and motive-goal congruence on goal-related dream recall. Based on Klinger's induction principle, it was hypothesized that dreams related to a personal goal are most likely to occur when the goal has been primed and when the goal is congruent with a person's implicit motivational needs. Participants reported the most important goal they were currently pursuing and completed a TAT-like measure of implicit motives. Before going to sleep, participants either elaborated fantasies related to their most important goal (goal priming condition) or memories related to their first day of school (school priming condition). Dream reports were collected immediately upon awakening. Results showed that goal priming increased the amount of goal-related dreaming, relative to school priming. However, this effect was most pronounced for participants who pursued a goal which was congruent with their implicit motives.
Family Norms in a Rapidly Industrializing Society: Hong Kong.

A sample of 1123 young people in Hong Kong were interviewed and responded to a number ofstatements concerning family norms. The data suggest that with regard to relationships between husband and wife, and parents and children, views are more consonant with the norms of the Western conjugal family than the traditional Chinese family. A pattern consonant with traditional norms is found concerning relationships with the older generation and a substantial minority support the notion of extended family living. It is argued that the coexistence of some traditional family norms and some norms typical of the conjugalfamily is functional in the Hong Kong context.
Retrotransposons and genomic stability in populations of the young allopolyploid species Spartina anglica C.E. Hubbard (Poaceae).

Spartina x townsendii arose during the end of the 19th century in England by hybridization between the indigenous Spartina maritima and the introduced Spartina alterniflora, native to the eastern seaboard of North America. Duplication of the hybrid genome gave rise to Spartina anglica, a vigorous allopolyploid involved in natural and artificial invasions on several continents. This system allows investigation of the early evolutionary changes that accompany stabilization of new allopolyploid species. Because allopolyploidy may be a genomic shock, eliciting retroelement insertional activity, we examined whether retrotransposons present in the parental species have been activated in the genome of S. anglica. For this purpose we used inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) and retrotransposons-microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP) markers, which are multilocus PCR-based methods detecting retrotransposon integration events in the genome. IRAP and REMAP allowed the screening of insertional polymorphisms in populations of S. anglica. The populations are composed mainly of one major multilocus genotype, identical to the first-generation hybrid S. x townsendii. Few new integration sites were encountered in the young allopolyploid genome. We also found strict additivity of the parental subgenomes in the allopolyploid. Both these findings indicate that the genome of S. anglica has not undergone extensive changes since its formation. This contrasts with previous results from the literature, which report rapid structural changes in experimentally resynthesized allopolyploids.