Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Needle-Free Jet Injection of Lidocaine for Local Anesthesia During Lumbar Puncture: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Lumbar puncture (LP) is an essential procedure in the emergency department (ED) for the evaluation of meningitis. Subcutaneous injection of lidocaine before LP for local anesthesia is not a pain-free procedure. The J-Tip device allows an intradermal needle-free jet injection of 1% buffered lidocaine. This study compares needle-free jet injection of lidocaine to saline in reducing pain before LP in infants. Methods This is a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial involving infants, younger than 3 months, presenting to the ED meeting clinical criteria for LP. All patients were administered the J-Tip and randomized to either treatment with 1% buffered lidocaine or an equivalent amount of sterile normal saline before LP. Vital signs were recorded during the procedure. Facial expressions as well as crying times were video recorded from start to finish. Independent reviewers assigned pain scores based on the validated Neonatal Facial Coding System with possible scores ranging from 0 to 5. Results A total of 55 patients were enrolled. Mean (SD) pain scores at the time of needle insertion were 4.1 (1.3) for the lidocaine group and 4.8 (0.5) for the saline group (P = 0.01). Length of cry was also shorter for those in the lidocaine group, 38.5 versus 48.8 seconds (P = 0.04). Overall, &kgr; was 0.76 between 2 independent reviewers. Conclusions Needle-free injection of 1% buffered lidocaine administered before needle insertion for LP in infants reduces pain and length of cry, compared with normal saline.
Scale Development Research

The authors conducted a content analysis on new scale development articles appearing in the Journal of Counseling Psychology during 10 years (1995 to 2004). The authors analyze and discuss characteristics of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis procedures in these scale development studies with respect to sample characteristics, factorability, extraction methods, rotation methods, item deletion or retention, factor retention, and model fit indexes. The authors uncovered a variety of specific practices that were at variance with the current literature on factor analysis or structural equation modeling. They make recommendations for best practices in scale development research in counseling psychology using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.
Expression and vasoconstrictor function of anorexigenic peptides neuromedin U-25 and S in the human cardiovascular system.

AIMS Neuromedin U-25 (NMU-25), a brain-gut peptide with anorexigenic actions, was paired with the G-protein-coupled receptors NMU1 and NMU2 in 2000. NMU-25 elicited a potent hypertensive effect in rats but little is known about its cardiovascular effects in humans. We examined the hypothesis that NMU fulfils the criteria for controlling vascular reactivity within the human cardiovascular system. METHODS AND RESULTS The radioligand [125I]-NMU-25 demonstrated specific, saturable, and high affinity (K(D) = 0.26 +/- 0.06 nM) binding in the human left ventricle and coronary artery, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that mRNA encoding NMU1 predominated in these tissues. NMU-25-like immunoreactivity was detected in human plasma, left ventricle, coronary artery, saphenous vein, and epicardial adipose tissue, and both NMU-25 and a related peptide, neuromedin S (NMS), were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography in the left ventricle. NMU receptor and peptide were localized to endothelial cells, with the receptor also present on vascular smooth muscle cells. NMU-25 was a potent vasoconstrictor of isolated rings of human coronary and mammary artery and saphenous vein. Compared with NMU-25, NMS had a significantly reduced maximum response in saphenous vein, and the Arg165Trp variant of NMU-25, associated with childhood-onset obesity, was without effect. NMU-25 precursor mRNA was upregulated in the left ventricle from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and ischaemic heart disease. CONCLUSION We have detected the expression of both NMU receptor and peptide in human cardiovascular tissues and have shown that NMU-25 and NMS act as potent vasoconstrictors in human vascular beds.
High-Inductance-Density, Air-Core, Power Inductors, and Transformers Designed for Operation at 100–500 MHz

This paper presents the microfabrication and measurement of high-inductance-density, moderate-Q, air-core inductors, and transformers intended for switch-mode power supplies operating in the 100-500 MHz frequency range. The inductors and transformers were fabricated on Pyrex substrates with four layers of electrodeposited copper with each layer up to 10 ¿m thick. Stacked winding layers allowed for mutual coupling between layers to increase areal inductance density. Inductors of various designs exhibited inductance densities of up to 100 nH/mm 2 and quality factors approaching 20 in the frequency range of interest. Transformers were formed by interleaving primary and secondary coils and were designed with increased inductance in the secondary coil for voltage gain. A fabricated transformer, 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm in area, yielded 46 nH primary inductance and 500 nH secondary inductance with a coupling coefficient of 0.63. Measurements indicated that a maximum transformer efficiency of 78% at 125 MHz would be possible.
Is the MNA valid in different populations and across practice settings?

OBJECTIVE The MNA is a successful screening tool in geriatric medicine, but this success is in Europe or countries with Western health care practice settings. The MNA is not directly applicable in many ethnic groups or countries or those with non-Western cultural and dietary habits or health care systems. There is an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes, the metabolic syndrome and obesity among the elderly; however, the MNA does not include questions or measures related to these or other important health conditions affected by nutritional status. This paper addresses the relevance of anthropometry and the impact of different clinical practice settings on the MNA and discusses the development of the Chinese Nutritional Screen (CNS) in China. CONCLUSIONS If the MNA is to continue to be successful among groups of elderly around the world, then the MNA, CNS or similar instruments should be as country or culturally and ethnically specific as possible. The development of the CNS maintained the underlying assumptions and concept of the MNA but modified them for a country with diverse food and cultural habits and health care settings.
The longevity of arteriovenous graft for hemodialysis patients--externally supported or nonsupported.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Because thrombosis and stenosis are the most frequent causes of arteriovenous graft (AVG) failure, several externally supported grafts were designed to enhance incompressibility and kinking resistance to improve the patency. However, consensus on advantage of these modifications having still not been reached might relate to the previous limited patient numbers and small studies. This study analyzed the longevity of externally supported and nonsupported AVG on the basis of the nationwide database to understand whether the externally supported design could improve the duration of patency of AVG. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Adult incident patients (n = 4402) were retrospectively enrolled who had began hemodialysis between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2005. All incident patients with AVG, before or after beginning regular hemodialysis, between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2006 were identified. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to compare the longevity of externally supported and nonsupported AVG by controlling other covariates. RESULTS There were 990 patients with externally supported AVG and 3412 patients with nonsupported AVG. The patency rates of externally supported AVG were 49.4%, 31.6%, and 20.2% at 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively; those of nonsupported AVG were 31.9%, 17.4%, and 10.8%. The survival of nonsupported AVG was significantly inferior to that of externally supported AVG. CONCLUSIONS Externally supported AVG are superior to nonsupported AVG for long-term patency. The incompressibility and kinking resistance of ringed grafts may shed light on a direction for the future development of dialysis graft design.
Feedback Effects of Rating Downgrades

This paper addresses whether credit rating downgrades feed back on the asset value of the downgraded companies, causing real losses. To investigate this issue we construct a structural credit risk model incorporating ratings and the feedback loss. To estimate the parameters of the model we develop a maximum likelihood estimator using time series of equity prices and credit ratings. Implementing the model on a sample of US public firms downgraded from investment grade to junk, we find strong support for the existence of feedback losses. First, estimated feedback losses are significant for a third of our sample with the cross-sectional averages of the feedback loss around 7 %. Second, the behavior of estimated asset volatilities around downgrades in real data is consistent with the predictions of our model. We observe a hump-shaped pattern of estimated asset volatilities when feedback is ignored. Using the feedback model, the hump-shaped pattern disappears. These findings suggest that ignoring feedback can lead to the appearance of changing asset volatility even when the real volatility is constant. Last, accounting for feedback helps in asset volatility prediction.
Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Neurobehavioral Disorders Among Children in the United States

OBJECTIVES: The association between parent-reported postnatal secondhand tobacco smoke exposure in the home and neurobehavioral disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, learning disabilities, and conduct disorders) among children younger than 12 years in the United States was examined using the 2007 National Survey on Children's Health. Excess neurobehavioral disorders attributable to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in the home in 2007 were further investigated. METHODS: The methods used in this study were multivariable logistic regression models that accounted for potential confounders and complex survey designs to evaluate associations. RESULTS: A total of 6% of 55 358 children (aged < 12 years), corresponding to a weighted total of 4.8 million children across the United States, were exposed to SHS in the home. The weighted prevalence and 95% confidence intervals of each of the children's neurobehavioral outcomes were 8.2% (7.5–8.8) with learning disabilities, 5.9% (5.5–6.4) with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and 3.6% (3.1–4.0) with behavioral and conduct disorders. Children exposed to SHS at home had a 50% increased odds of having ≥2 childhood neurobehavioral disorders compared with children who were not exposed to SHS. Boys had a significantly higher risk. Older children, especially those aged 9 to 11 years, and those living in households with the highest poverty levels were at greater risk. In absolute terms, 274 100 excess cases in total of these 3 disorders could have been prevented if children had not been exposed to SHS in their homes. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the study, which are associational and not necessarily causal, underscore the health burden of childhood neurobehavioral disorders that may be attributable to SHS exposure in homes in the United States.
The Biological Foundations of Organizational Behavior

In recent years, evolutionary psychology and behavioral genetics have emerged as prominent theoretical perspectives within the social sciences. Yet despite broad levels of commonality between the disciplines—including an emphasis on adaptation, evolved mechanisms that guide behavior, and consequences of mismatch between these mechanisms and novel environments—studies that apply these perspectives on social behavior to organizations remain relatively rare. The Biological Foundations of Organizational Behavior brings together contributors who shed light on the potential that behavioral genetics and evolutionary psychology offer for studies of organizational behavior. In addition to examining the extant literature integrating these disciplines and organizational behavior, the book reconsiders a wide range of topics through the lens of biology within organizational behavior, including decision making, leadership and hierarchy, goals and collective action, and individual difference. Contributions also explore new areas of potential application and provide a critical assessment of the challenges that lie ahead. With accessible insights for scholars and practitioners, The Biological Foundations of Organizational Behavior marks a promising step forward in what is increasingly perceived to be an underdeveloped area of organizational behavior.
A Transparent Schema-Evolution System Based on Object-Oriented View Technology

When a database is shared by many users, updates to the database schema are almost always prohibited because there is a risk of making existing application programs obsolete when they run against the modified schema. The paper addresses the problem by integrating schema evolution with view facilities. When new requirements necessitate schema updates for a particular user, then the user specifies schema changes to his personal view, rather than to the shared base schema. Our view schema evolution approach then computes a new view schema that reflects the semantics of the desired schema change, and replaces the old view with the new one. We show that our system provides the means for schema change without affecting other views (and thus without affecting existing application programs). The persistent data is shared by different views of the schema, i.e., both old as well as newly developed applications can continue to interoperate. The paper describes a solution approach of realizing the evolution mechanism as a working system, which as its key feature requires the underlying object oriented view system to support capacity augmenting views. We present algorithms that implement the complete set of typical schema evolution operations as view definitions. Lastly, we describe the transparent schema evolution system (TSE) that we have built on top of GemStone, including our solution for supporting capacity augmenting view mechanisms.
İşlevsel Olmayan Öfkenin Tedavisinde Bilişsel Davranışçı Grup Terapisinin Etkililiği: Sistematik Bir Gözden Geçirme

The aim of the study was to review empirical studies that evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy for the treatment of dysfunctional anger. Articles in English and Turkish that were published between the years of 2000 and 2015 (March) have been searched in the national and international databases. Seventeen studies that met the exclusion and inclusion criteria were included this article. These studies were examined in terms of research method, therapy characteristics and results. The results showed that cognitive behavioral group therapy is effective in reducing anger problems and increasing anger control in different sample.
Rational Expectations and the Aggregation of Diverse Information in Laboratory Security Markets

The study explores the information aggregation properties of experimental markets. A fully-revealing rational expectations equilibrium exists in the competitive model of each of the markets studied. For markets with a single compound security in which traders have identical preferences, the rational expectations equilibrium mod el works well. However, if traders are allowed to have different preferences in the single security case, the observed information aggregation is minimal and rational expectations are not attained. If the single security is transformed to a complete set of Arrow-Debreu , state-contingent claims, the rational expectations model works well even when preferences differ. Copyright 1988 by The Econometric Society.
Imputation Accuracy from Low to Moderate Density Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Chips in a Thai Multibreed Dairy Cattle Population

The objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy of imputation from low density (LDC) to moderate density SNP chips (MDC) in a Thai Holstein-Other multibreed dairy cattle population. Dairy cattle with complete pedigree information (n = 1,244) from 145 dairy farms were genotyped with GeneSeek GGP20K (n = 570), GGP26K (n = 540) and GGP80K (n = 134) chips. After checking for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) quality, 17,779 SNP markers in common between the GGP20K, GGP26K, and GGP80K were used to represent MDC. Animals were divided into two groups, a reference group (n = 912) and a test group (n = 332). The SNP markers chosen for the test group were those located in positions corresponding to GeneSeek GGP9K (n = 7,652). The LDC to MDC genotype imputation was carried out using three different software packages, namely Beagle 3.3 (population-based algorithm), FImpute 2.2 (combined family- and population-based algorithms) and Findhap 4 (combined family- and population-based algorithms). Imputation accuracies within and across chromosomes were calculated as ratios of correctly imputed SNP markers to overall imputed SNP markers. Imputation accuracy for the three software packages ranged from 76.79% to 93.94%. FImpute had higher imputation accuracy (93.94%) than Findhap (84.64%) and Beagle (76.79%). Imputation accuracies were similar and consistent across chromosomes for FImpute, but not for Findhap and Beagle. Most chromosomes that showed either high (73%) or low (80%) imputation accuracies were the same chromosomes that had above and below average linkage disequilibrium (LD; defined here as the correlation between pairs of adjacent SNP within chromosomes less than or equal to 1 Mb apart). Results indicated that FImpute was more suitable than Findhap and Beagle for genotype imputation in this Thai multibreed population. Perhaps additional increments in imputation accuracy could be achieved by increasing the completeness of pedigree information.
A mix-method approach to the cultural understanding of distress and the non-use of mental health services

Background: The rationale for conducting mixed-method studies is usually based on the desire to combine the complementary strengths of qualitative and quantitative research. Typically, the former provides in-depth descriptions offering strong internal validity while the latter provides strong external validity. The exclusive use of quantitative methods in mental health research presents certain limitations which lie in the subjective nature of mental health problems and related behaviors, and the fact that these are mediated by cultural context. Aims and methods: This paper illustrates, along with the Pathway and Barriers to Mental Health project, the usefulness of using a mixed-method design to study mental health problems and related behaviors in a culturally diverse community. Results: The results show how the various quantitative and qualitative stages of the project were implemented in a Sequential Transformative Design that allows for a better identification and understanding of community mental health problems. This type of mixed design contributed to the development and evaluation of a regional cultural consultation service in mental health. Conclusion: A mixed-methods approach does not simply make positivist science stronger; rather, it contributes to do better research and tailored intervention.
Using Social Media to Mine and Analyze Public Sentiment during a Disaster: A Case Study of the 2018 Shouguang City Flood in China

Social media has been applied to all natural disaster risk-reduction phases, including pre-warning, response, and recovery. However, using it to accurately acquire and reveal public sentiment during a disaster still presents a significant challenge. To explore public sentiment in depth during a disaster, this study analyzed Sina-Weibo (Weibo) texts in terms of space, time, and content related to the 2018 Shouguang flood, which caused casualties and economic losses, arousing widespread public concern in China. The temporal changes within six-hour intervals and spatial distribution on sub-district and city levels of flood-related Weibo were analyzed. Based on the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model and the Random Forest (RF) algorithm, a topic extraction and classification model was built to hierarchically identify six flood-relevant topics and nine types of public sentiment responses in Weibo texts. The majority of Weibo texts about the Shouguang flood were related to “public sentiment”, among which “questioning the government and media” was the most commonly expressed. The Weibo text numbers varied over time for different topics and sentiments that corresponded to the different developmental stages of the flood. On a sub-district level, the spatial distribution of flood-relevant Weibo was mainly concentrated in high population areas in the south-central and eastern parts of Shouguang, near the river and the downtown area. At the city level, the Weibo texts were mainly distributed in Beijing and cities in the Shandong Province, centering in Weifang City. The results indicated that the classification model developed in this study was accurate and viable for analyzing social media texts during a disaster. The findings can be used to help researchers, public servants, and officials to better understand public sentiments towards disaster events, to accelerate disaster responses, and to support post-disaster management.