Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First results of PACTE group's experimental research on translation competence acquisition : the acquisition of declarative knowledge of translation

This paper presents the first results of empirical-experimental research into the Acquisition of Translation Competence (ATC): the acquisition of declarative knowledge about translation. This study is based on our previous research about Translation Competence (TC). Some of the data collection instruments have, however, been adapted for current use. Details of our research design include type of study, universe and sample population, study variables, data collection instruments, and data analysis processes. The dependent variables were knowledge of translation; translation project; identification and solution of translation problems; decision-making; efficacy of the translation process; and use of instrumental resources. The results of the first variable analysed ("Knowledge of Translation") will be presented. A questionnaire with 27 items was used to obtain data on translator trainees' knowledge of translation: their concept of translation and TC; translation units; types of translation problems; the different phases involved in the translation process; methods required; procedures used (strategies and techniques); and the role of the translation brief and the target reader. Indicators of this variable were 'dynamic index' and 'coefficient of coherence'. We understand a 'dynamic' concept of translation to be textual, interpretative, communicative and functional; as opposed to a 'static' concept that may be defined as linguistic and literal. The dynamic index allows us to see whether a subject's implicit knowledge about how translation works is more dynamic or more static, whereas the coherence coefficient allows us to see whether the subject's vision of different aspects of translation is coherent
Post-search query modeling in federated web scenario

As opposed to query reformulation oriented towards changes made by a user to specify the information need more precisely, a post-search query modeling is a technique of exploiting syntax variation of gradually extended query which depending on some other factors like e.g. the resource, database or the key word alignment, facilitates the searching process. The study into modeling query submitted to some search engines that utilize different translation semantic paradigms is motivated by a real-world's challenges to retrieve heterogeneous textual documents from the web. For a couple of language pairs, we develop a user-centered framework for imposing the Hidden Web traffic optimization. In literature Hidden Web is the World Wide Web facet usually missed by standard information systems. Our data set contains variety of query types submitted to translingual systems that perform a number of syntax-driven indexing being evaluated by constructing a precision trend function, the one that intensifies the relevance set of the system responses from a perspective of dramatic reduction of those outside the user's interest.
SERENDIPITOUS DISCOVERY OF AN OVERDENSITY OF Lyα EMITTERS AT z ∼ 4.8 IN THE CL1604 SUPERCLUSTER FIELD

We present results of a spectroscopic search for Lyα emitters (LAEs) in the Cl1604 supercluster field using the extensive spectroscopic Keck/DEep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph database taken as part of the Observations of Redshift Evolution in Large-Scale Environments survey. A total of 12 slitmasks were observed and inspected in the Cl1604 field, spanning a survey volume of 1.365 × 104 comoving Mpc3. We find a total of 17 high-redshift (4.39 ⩽ z ⩽ 5.67) LAE candidates down to a limiting flux of 1.9 × 10−18 erg s−1 cm−2 (L(Lyα) = 4.6 × 1041 erg s−1 or ∼0.1 L* at z ∼ 5), 13 of which we classify as high quality. The resulting LAE number density is nearly double that of LAEs found in the Subaru deep field at z ∼ 4.9 and nearly an order of magnitude higher than in other surveys of LAEs at similar redshifts, an excess that is essentially independent of LAE luminosity. We also report on the discovery of two possible LAE group structures at z ∼ 4.4 and z ∼ 4.8 and investigate the effects of cosmic variance of LAEs on our results. Fitting a simple truncated single Gaussian model to a composite spectrum of the 13 high-quality LAE candidates, we find a best-fit stellar velocity dispersion of 136 km s−1. Additionally, we see modest evidence of a second peak in the composite spectrum, possibly caused by galactic outflows, offset from the main velocity centroid of the LAE population by ∼440 km s−1 as well as evidence for a nontrivial Lyα escape fraction. We find an average star formation rate density (SFRD) of ∼5 × 10−3 M☉ yr−1 Mpc−3 with moderate evidence for negative evolution in the SFRD from z ∼ 4.6 to z ∼ 5.7. By simulating the statistical flux loss due to our observational setup, we measure a best-fit luminosity function characterized by Φ*L* = 2.2+3.9−1.3 × 1039 erg s−1 Mpc−3 for α = −1.6, generally consistent with measurements from other surveys at similar epochs. Finally, we investigate any possible effects from weak or strong gravitational lensing induced by the foreground supercluster, finding that our LAE candidates are minimally affected by lensing processes.
Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation of stroke patients on depression and quality of life

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to assess the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on depression and quality of life (QOL) in patients with stroke, by conducting conventional occupational therapy with and without tDCS on 20 patients each. [Subjects and Methods] The experimental group (N=20) received both tDCS and conventional occupational therapy, while the control group (N=20) received false tDCS and conventional occupational therapy. The treatment was conducted 20 times over a four-week period; each session was 30 minutes long. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered to score the depression levels in patients before and after the intervention, while the stroke-specific quality of life (SS-QOL) was measured to compare the QOL. [Result] Following the intervention, the patients in the experimental group showed a significant decrease in depression and an increase in the QOL. In contrast, the control group showed no significant changes in depression or QOL. Our findings indicate that tDCS decreased depression while increasing QOL in patients with stroke. [Conclusion] In other words, our study confirmed that the application of tDCS during stroke rehabilitation improves the depression symptoms and QOL in patients.
A Speech Enhancement Algorithm Based on a Chi MRF Model of the Speech STFT Amplitudes

A speech enhancement algorithm that takes advantage of the time and frequency dependencies of speech signals is presented in this paper. The above dependencies are incorporated in the statistical model using concepts from the theory of Markov Random Fields. In particular, the speech short-time Fourier transform (STFT) amplitude samples are modeled with a novel Chi Markov Random Field prior, which is then used for the development of an estimator based on the Iterated Conditional Modes method. The novel prior is also coupled with a dasiaharmonicpsila neighborhood, which apart from the immediately adjacent samples on the time frequency plane, also considers samples which are one pitch frequency apart, so as to take advantage of the rich structure of the voiced speech time frames. Additionally, central to the development of the algorithm is the adaptive estimation of the weights that determine the interaction between neighboring samples, which allows the restoration of weak speech spectral components, while maintaining a low level of uniform residual noise. Results that illustrate the improvements achieved with the proposed algorithm, and a comparison with other established speech enhancement schemes are also given.
What Can Student Perception Surveys Tell Us About Teaching? Empirically Testing the Underlying Structure of the Tripod Student Perception Survey

We conducted a theory-based analysis of the underlying structure of the Tripod student perception survey instrument using the Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) database (N = 1,049 middle school math class sections; N = 25,423 students). Multilevel item factor analyses suggested that an alternative bifactor structure best fit the Tripod items, and preliminary evidence suggests that both the general responsivity and the classroom management–specific dimensions are positively associated with teacher value-added scores. In our discussion, we consider the distinct characterizing features of adolescents as raters of teaching, the implications for teacher professional learning opportunities, and key areas for future research.
“The Monkey on Your Shoulder”: A Qualitative Study of Lymphoedema Patients' Attitudes to and Experiences of Acupuncture and Moxibustion

Background. Lymphoedema, a distressing consequence of cancer treatment, has significant negative impact on health-related quality of life. Multidisciplinary approaches are needed to improve physical and psychosocial wellbeing. Acupuncture and moxibustion (acu/moxa), two modalities of traditional East Asian medicine, may contribute to improved outcomes for cancer survivors with lymphoedema. Aim. To explore how patients with lymphoedema secondary to cancer treatment perceive and experience acu/moxa treatment. Design and Setting. A qualitative focus group study, nested in a 3-step mixed methods observational study, was carried out in a cancer drop-in and information centre in north-west London. Methods. Six focus groups and one telephone interview were conducted with 23 survivors of breast or head and neck cancer, who had completed up to 13 acu/moxa treatments. Scripts were transcribed, coded, and analysed to identify salient and overarching themes. Results. Participants described feeling disempowered by cancer treatment and subsequent diagnosis of lymphoedema. Acu/moxa was valued for its whole-person approach and for time spent with a practitioner who cared, listened, and responded. Participants reported changes in physical and psychosocial health, including increased energy levels and reduced pain and discomfort, and feelings of empowerment, personal control, and acceptance. Many were motivated to improve self-care. Conclusion. Many participants who received acu/moxa treatment reported improved wellbeing and a more proactive attitude towards self-care.
LAW AND BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS

Although the impact of economics on the analysis and practice of law is beyond any reasonable doubt, such impact and influence has been decreasing over time. This may be partly due to the fact that many economists seem to have forgotten the practical goals with which the field of law and economics was endowed. But it may also be due to the fact that researchers in behavioral economics found an audience more than ready to believe that individuals do not really behave as predicted by theory of rational choice. This article explores the behavior of individuals subject to bounded rationality and the implications of such behavior for lawmaking.
Estimating the Lower Limit of the Impact of Amines on Nucleation in the Earth's Atmosphere

Amines, organic derivatives of NH3, are important common trace atmospheric species that can enhance new particle formation in the Earth’s atmosphere under favorable conditions. While methylamine (MA), dimethylamine (DMA) and trimethylamine (TMA) all efficiently enhance binary nucleation, MA may represent the lower limit of the enhancing effect of amines on atmospheric nucleation. In the present paper, we report new thermochemical data concerning MA-enhanced nucleation, which were obtained using the DFT PW91PW91/6-311++G (3df, 3pd) method, and investigate the enhancement in production of stable pre-nucleation clusters due to the MA. We found that the MA ternary nucleation begins to dominate over ternary nucleation of sulfuric acid, water and ammonia at [MA]/[NH3] > ~10−3. This means that under real atmospheric conditions ([MA] ~ 1 ppt, [NH3] ~ 1 ppb) the lower limit of the enhancement due to methylamines is either close to or higher than the typical effect of NH3. A very strong impact of the MA is observed at low RH; however it decreases quickly as the RH grows. Low RH and low ambient temperatures were found to be particularly favorable for the enhancement in production of stable sulfuric acid-water clusters due to the MA.
Partial Video Encryption Based on Alternating Transforms

In this letter, we propose a novel video encryption technique that is used to achieve partial encryption where an annoying video can still be reconstructed even without the security key. In contrast to the existing methods where the encryption usually takes place at the entropy-coding stage or the bit-stream level, our proposed scheme embeds the encryption at the transform stage during the encoding process. To this end, we develop a number of new unitary transforms that are demonstrated to be equally efficient as the well-known DCT and thus used as alternates to DCT during the encoding process. Partial encryption is achieved through alternately applying these transforms to individual blocks according to a pre-designed secret key. Analysis on the security level of this partial encryption scheme is carried out against various common attacks and some experimental results based on H.264/AVC are presented.
Energy system contribution during 200- to 1500-m running in highly trained athletes.

PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to profile the aerobic and anaerobic energy system contribution during high-speed treadmill exercise that simulated 200-, 400-, 800-, and 1500-m track running events. METHODS Twenty highly trained athletes (Australian National Standard) participated in the study, specializing in either the 200-m (N = 3), 400-m (N = 6), 800-m (N = 5), or 1500-m (N = 6) event (mean VO2 peak [mL x kg(-1)-min(-1)] +/- SD = 56+/-2, 59+/-1, 67+/-1, and 72+/-2, respectively). The relative aerobic and anaerobic energy system contribution was calculated using the accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD) method. RESULTS The relative contribution of the aerobic energy system to the 200-, 400-, 800-, and 1500-m events was 29+/-4, 43+/-1, 66+/-2, and 84+/-1%+/-SD, respectively. The size of the AOD increased with event duration during the 200-, 400-, and 800-m events (30.4+/-2.3, 41.3+/-1.0, and 48.1+/-4.5 mL x kg(-1), respectively), but no further increase was seen in the 1500-m event (47.1+/-3.8 mL x kg(-1)). The crossover to predominantly aerobic energy system supply occurred between 15 and 30 s for the 400-, 800-, and 1500-m events. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the relative contribution of the aerobic energy system during track running events is considerable and greater than traditionally thought.
Economic Behavior under the Influence of Alcohol: An Experiment on Time Preferences, Risk-Taking, and Altruism

We report results from an incentivized laboratory experiment undertaken with the purpose of providing controlled evidence on the causal effects of alcohol consumption on risk-taking, time preferences and altruism. Our design disentangles the pharmacological effects of alcohol intoxication from those mediated by expectations, as we compare the behavior of three groups of subjects: those who participated in an experiment with no reference to alcohol, those who were exposed to the possibility of consuming alcohol but were given a placebo and those who effectively consumed alcohol. All subjects participated in a series of economic tasks administered in the same sequence across treatments. After controlling for both the willingness to pay for an object and the potential misperception of probabilities as elicited in the experiment, we detect no effect of alcohol in depleting subjects’ risk tolerance. However, we find that alcohol intoxication increases impatience and makes subjects less altruistic.
A General Approach to Prediction and Forecasting Crime Rates with Gaussian Processes

We present a fully Bayesian spatiotemporal model for count data, which we use to forecast crime, in space and time, up to 12 weeks into the future. Our model fits a latent, smoothly varying relative risk surface using a Gaussian Process formulation. This relative risk surface is used as the mean in a Poisson likelihood for the observed weekly counts of crime by neighborhood. We use this model to assess the separate contributions of purely spatial and purely temporal predictors to our model’s fit and forecast accuracy. We also consider the inclusion of a space/time interaction term. Our model is fully probabilistic, explicitly allowing us to characterize the uncertainty in all of our parameters, estimates, and forecasts. The main competitors for our method are univariate time series methods and heat maps (kernel-based intensity smoothing). As compared to time series methods, we model spatial dependence and variation through our relative risk surface. As compared to heat maps, our model enables temporal forecasts, with uncertainty intervals. We show that our model outperforms current methods. While we focus on the problem of forecasting, our model is equally suited to the problem of statistical inference and longer time periods; it could be used to answer questions like, how much did crime drop over the last decade in a city, and was this drop uniformly felt across all neighborhoods? Is there spatial or temporal variation in the amount of variance in crime rates? We conclude by discussing some practical approaches to speeding up inference with Gaussian Processes in moderately sized datasets.
Effect of social identity salience on healthy eating intentions and behaviour

Background. Previous literature suggests that social factors exert a powerful influence over people’s eating behaviour. The studies presented in this chapter tested the prediction that particular social identities are associated with healthier eating. Method. Both studies included an experimental manipulation of social identity salience and a measurement of healthy eating intentions and behaviour (a choice between a healthy and unhealthy snack). In Study 1, female, family or personal identity was made salient. Study 2 included a 2 x 2 design, whereby social identity salience (female vs no-identity control) and measurement order (intention measured before behaviour vs intention measured after behaviour) were manipulated. Results. In Study 1, increasing the salience of female or family identity led to stronger healthy eating intentions, but did not increase the likelihood of choosing a healthy snack. Study 2 demonstrated that female identification predicted healthy eating intentions, even after accounting for theory of planned behaviour variables. However, stronger female identification was associated with choosing the unhealthy snack. Conclusion. The two studies provide preliminary evidence that social identity salience can significantly influence healthy eating intentions. However, they also suggest that the positive effect of female or family identity salience on intentions does not necessarily carry on to behaviour.
Elementary teachers’ perceptions about the effective features of explicit-reflective nature of science instruction

ABSTRACT This qualitative study explored elementary teachers’ perceptions about the effective features of explicit-reflective nature of science (NOS) instruction. Our participants were four elementary teachers from a public charter school located in the Southwestern U.S.A. The four elementary teachers participated in an academic year-long professional development about NOS which consisted of NOS training and NOS teaching phases. After each phase of the professional development, we specifically asked our participants which features of the explicit-reflective NOS instruction they found effective in improving their NOS conceptions by presenting pre- and post-profiles of their NOS conceptions. We identified nine features perceived by the participants as effective components of explicit-reflective NOS instruction: (1) specific focus on NOS content, (2) participation in hands-on NOS activities, (3) introductory NOS readings, (4) multiple types/forms of reflection, (5) multiple exposure to NOS content, (6) structural consistency in the presentation of NOS content, (7) the evaluation of secondary NOS data from elementary students, (8) the analysis of national and state science standards in terms of NOS content, and (9) NOS teaching experience.
Transfer of the Distal Terminal Motor Branch of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis to the Nerve of the Flexor Pollicis Longus: An Anatomic Study and Clinical Application in a Tetraplegic Patient

BACKGROUND: In tetraplegics, thumb and finger motion traditionally has been reconstructed via orthopedic procedures. Although rarely used, nerve transfers are a viable method for reconstruction in tetraplegia. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anatomic feasibility of transferring the distal branch of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) to the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) nerve and to report our first clinical case. METHODS: We studied the motor branch of the ECRB and FPL in 14 cadaveric upper limbs. Subsequently, a 24-year-old tetraplegic man with preserved motion in his shoulder, elbow, wrist, and finger extension, but paralysis of thumb and finger flexion underwent surgery. Seven months after trauma, we transferred the brachialis muscle with a tendon graft to the flexor digitorum profundus. The distal nerve of the ECRB was transferred to the FPL nerve. RESULTS: The branch to the ECRB entered the muscle in its anterior and proximal third. After sending out a first collateral, the nerve runs for 2.4 cm alongside the muscle and bifurcates intramuscularly. A main branch from the anterior interosseous nerve, which entered the muscle 3 cm from its origin on the radius, innervated the FPL. The ECRB and FPL nerves had similar diameters (∼1 mm) and numbers of myelinated fibers (∼180). In our patient, 14 months after surgery, pinching and grasping were restored and measured 2 and 8 kg strength, respectively. CONCLUSION: Transfer of the ECRB distal branch to the FPL is a viable option to reconstruct thumb flexion.
The antitumor effects of the quinoline-3-carboxamide linomide on Dunning R-3327 rat prostatic cancers.

Linomide (N-phenylmethyl-1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxyl-1-methyl-2-oxo-quinoline-3- carboxamide) is a quinoline 3-carboxamide which previously has been demonstrated to produce immunomodulator and antitumor effects when given in vivo. To test the possible antitumor effects of linomide against prostatic cancers, rats bearing five distinct Dunning R-3327 rat prostatic cancer sublines were treated daily with i.p. injections of linomide. These studies demonstrated that linomide has a reproducible antitumor effect against all of the prostatic cancers tested regardless of their growth rate, degree of morphologic differentiation, metastatic ability, or androgen responsiveness. This antitumor effect is observed only in vivo, not in vitro, and involves a cytotoxic response of the prostatic cancer cells. This cytotoxic response results in the retardation of the growth rate (i.e., increased tumor volume doubling time) of primary prostatic cancers and in metastatic lesions. Linomide's growth retardation is reversible, and thus continuous daily treatment with linomide is required for maximal antitumor response. Pretreatment of rats with linomide before tumor inoculation has no effect in addition to that produced by initiating linomide treatment at the time of tumor inoculation. No enhancement of either natural killer cell number or natural killer cell cytotoxic activity is induced by linomide treatment in the tumor-bearing rats. In addition, depletion of natural killer cell activity via injections of asialo-GM1 antiserum does not prevent the antitumor effects of linomide in vivo. Likewise, the antitumor effects of linomide are also produced in prostatic cancer-bearing athymic nude rats. These results suggest that the requirement for host involvement in the antitumor effects of linomide against rat prostatic cancers may involve both immune and nonimmune host mechanism(s) (e.g., antiangiogenesis).