Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Actinic lesions in fishermen’s lower lip: clinical, cytopathological and histopathologic analysis

INTRODUCTION Actinic cheilitis (AC) is considered to be a pre-malignant lesion or an incipient and superficial form of lip squamous cell carcinoma. It is commonly found in individuals whose occupational activities are related to chronic sun exposure and the definitive diagnosis is performed with biopsy. Althoug Exfoliative cytology has been used as a screening procedure to evaluate cancer of the oral cavity no studies have proposed the use of exfoliative cytologic analysis to evaluate and diagnose AC. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate lower lip lesions on fishermen related to chronic solar exposure using clinical, cytologic and histopathologic analyses. PATIENTS AND METHODS Smears taken from the vermilion of the lower lips of 125 fishermen and 30 control individuals were subjected to cytologic analysis. RESULTS The harvested cells were sufficient for cytologic analysis in 83.2% of the samples. Sixteen fishermen exhibited prominent lower lip lesions that justified biopsy and histological studies. In total, 4 specimens were malignant (3.2%), and 12 displayed epithelial dysplasia, demonstrating that the prevalence of epithelial dysplasia and malignant lesions was high among the fishermen population. These conditions were strongly associated with infiltration and blurring of the vermilion margin of the lower lip. CONCLUSION The cytologic analysis was not useful for detecting epithelial dysplasia or malignant alterations.
Longitudinal associations between descriptive and injunctive norms of youngsters and heavy drinking and problem drinking in late adolescence

Cross-sectionally, social norms are related to heavy and problem drinking in late adolescence. A better understanding is needed regarding the longitudinal associations between social norms in younger populations and heavy and problem drinking over time. This study distinguished between descriptive (proximal reference group) and injunctive norms (proximal and distal reference groups). This study evaluated the perception of social norms in youngsters during early adolescence (13–15 years) and the contribution of these norms to heavy and problem drinking over a 4-year period. Adolescents (N = 428; 205 boys) participated in a prospective study with 5 annual waves. Regression analyses were conducted to examine whether descriptive and injunctive norms prospectively predict heavy and problem drinking. Descriptive and injunctive norms of the proximal, but not the distal reference group, predicted heavy drinking in late adolescence. Descriptive norms of the proximal reference group also predicted problem drinking in late adolescence. This study demonstrates the role of social norms in the prediction of heavy and problem drinking over time. Additionally, it illustrates the contribution of proximal rather than distal reference peers to heavy and problem drinking in late adolescence, and it suggests the relevance of targeting these norms in prevention research.
The mental representations of faces and houses: Issues concerning parts and wholes

We explore the integration of facial features and house parts to form holistic representations of complete objects. In Experiments 1, 2, and 3, we test for evidence of the holistic representation of houses and faces. We do so by testing for a complete over part probe advantage (CPA) in 2AFC recognition and matching tasks. We present evidence consistent with holistic features being represented for both types of stimuli. In Experiments 4 and 5, we examine further theeffect with faces. Experiment 4 shows thatfacial features used in the matching task contribute differentially to CPAs across varying probe delays but with a similar pattern to that found in the recognition task (Experiment 1). Experiment5 shows thatCPAs are mandatory and cannot be removed by precueing with the probe type or the name of the feature to be probed.
Triiodothyronine administration reverses vitamin A deficiency-related hypo-expression of retinoic acid and triiodothyronine nuclear receptors and of neurogranin in rat brain

Recent studies have revealed that retinoids play an important role in the adult central nervous system and cognitive functions. Previous investigations in mice have shown that vitamin A deficiency (VAD) generates a hypo-expression of retinoic acid (RA, the active metabolite of vitamin A) receptors and of neurogranin (RC3, a neuronal protein involved in synaptic plasticity) and a concomitant selective behavioural impairment. Knowing that RC3 is both a triiodothyronine (T3) and a RA target gene, and in consideration of the relationships between the signalling pathways of retinoids and thyroid hormones, the involvement of T3 on RA signalling functionality in VAD was investigated. Thus, the effects of vitamin A depletion and subsequent administration with RA and/or T3 on the expression of RA nuclear receptors (RAR, RXR), T3 nuclear receptor (TR) and on RC3 in the brain were examined. Rats fed a vitamin A-deficient diet for 10 weeks exhibited a decreased expression of RAR, RXR and TR mRNA and of RC3 mRNA and proteins. RA administration to these vitamin A-deficient rats reversed only the RA hypo-signalling in the brain. Interestingly, T3 is able to restore its own brain signalling simultaneously with that of vitamin A and the hypo-expression of RC3. These results obtained in vivo revealed that one of the consequences of VAD is a dysfunction in the thyroid signalling pathway in the brain. This seems of crucial importance since the down regulation of RC3 observed in the depleted rats was corrected only by T3.
Substrate Specificity and Expression of Three 2 , 3-Dihydroxybiphenyl 1 , 2-Dioxygenases from Rhodococcus globerulus Strain P 6

Rhodococcus globerulus strain P6 contains at least three genes, bphC1, bphC2, and bphC3, coding for 2,3dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenases; the latter two specify enzymes of the family of one-domain extradiol dioxygenases. In order to assess the importance of these different isoenzymes for the broad catabolic activity of this organism towards the degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), the capacities of recombinant enzymes expressed in Escherichia coli to transform different chlorosubstituted dihydroxybiphenyls formed by the action of R. globerulus P6 biphenyl dioxygenase and biphenyl 2,3-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase were determined. Whereas both BphC2 and BphC3 showed similar activities for 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl and all monochlorinated 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyls, BphC1 exhibited only weak activity for 2 -chloro-2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl. More highly chlorinated 2 -chlorosubstituted 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyls were also transformed at high rates by BphC2 and BphC3 but not BphC1. In R. globerulus P6, BphC2 was constitutively expressed, BphC1 expression was induced during growth on biphenyl, and BphC3 was not expressed at significant levels under the experimental conditions. Although we cannot rule out the expression of BphC3 under certain environmental conditions, it seems that the contrasting substrate specificities of BphC1 and BphC2 contribute significantly to the versatile PCB-degrading phenotype of R. globerulus P6.
Where is my Daddy? An Exploration of the Impact of Absentee Fathers on the Lives of Young People in Botswana

A substantial body of research has consistently concluded that children growing up with absentee fathers are at an increased risk of maladjustment. This paper argues that co-parenting can have both direct and indirect or mediated effects on children. Co-parenting has an added benefit of modelling dyadic skills that include proving mutual emotional support, influence, and amicable resolution of disputes. Through qualitative data obtained in 2009 from 45 final year students at the University of Botswana, the authors conclude that African personhood is a larger-than-self conception, which also includes more than the physical being and shows that young people raised in father-absent families view their personhood as inferior, less guarded, and incomplete, relative to that of their counterparts who were born and raised in married-couple families. Living a full quality life eludes youth who were raised by mothers only, affirming the importance of fathers in the personhood of any individual. Key Words : Absentee fathers; youth personhood; co-parenting
The Temporal Welfare State: The Case of Finland

Welfare states contribute to people's well-being in many different ways. One way of bringing those contributions under a common metric is in terms of ‘temporal autonomy’: the freedom to spend one's time as one will, outside the necessities of daily life. Using the 1999–2000 Finnish Time Use Survey, we propose ways of operationalising the time that is ‘strictly necessary’ to spend in paid labour, unpaid household labour and personal care; the residual, ‘discretionary time’, represents people's temporal autonomy. We measure the impact on that of Finnish taxes, transfers and child care subsidies. In so doing, we calibrate the contributions of Finland's Nordic welfare regime and of its female-friendly gender regime, in ways that correspond to the lived reality of people's daily lives.
Communication in medical consultations: A review essay

COMMUNICATING WITH MEDICAL PATIENTS. Edited by Moira Stewart and Debra Roter. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1989; pp. 286. $35.00, paper $16.50. COMMUNICATING WITH PATIENTS: IMPROVING COMMUNICATION, SATISFACTION, AND COMPLIANCE. By Philip Ley. London: Croon Helm, 1988; pp. xviii + 210. $47.50, paper $17.95. INTIMATE ADVERSARIES: CULTURAL CONFLICT BETWEEN DOCTORS AND WOMEN PATIENTS. By Alexandra D. Todd. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989; pp. 167. $29.95, paper $16.95.
The role of apolipoprotein A5 in obesity and the metabolic syndrome

Apolipoprotein A5 (apoA5) has an important role in lipid metabolism, specifically for triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins. Recently, evidence has emerged for an association between genetic variability at the APOA5 locus and increased risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, its mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated. Importantly, an intracellular role of apoA5 has been indicated since apoA5 is associated with cytoplasmic lipid droplets and affects intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation, as well as affecting intravascular triglyceride metabolism. Given that adipocytes provide the largest storage depot for energy in the form of triglyceride within the lipid droplets, and play a crucial role in the development of obesity, we highlight recent findings discussing the interaction of apoA5 with adipocytes or adipose tissue, indicating that apoA5 may act as a novel regulator to modulate triglyceride storage in adipocytes. We review the association of APOA5 gene polymorphisms with obesity and metabolic syndrome, and propose potential mechanisms by which apoA5 may increase susceptibility to these conditions. This review provides new insights into the physiological role of apoA5 and identifies a potential therapeutic target for obesity and associated disorders.
A model of volunteer retention in youth sport.

Volunteers in sport are indispensable, but there is a dearth of systematic research in volunteer retention. The focus of this study was to investigate three different volunteer-retention models incorporating person–task fit (P–T fit), person–organization fit (P–O fit), managerial treatment (MT), empowerment, and intention to continue volunteering. Using structural equation modeling, data from 515 volunteers in the American Youth Soccer Organization (AYSO) were compared across a fully mediated model, a partially mediated model, and a direct-effects model. The results of the fully mediated model, in which empowerment mediated the relationship between P–T fit, P–O fit, MT, and intention to continue volunteering, fit well and better than the other two models. P–T fit, P–O fit, and MT jointly explained 46.8% of variance in empowerment, and empowerment explained 13.5% of variance in intention to continue. Volunteer organizations need to focus on empowering their volunteers through the fit of the volunteer to th.
Racist Events and Individual Coping Styles as Predictors of African American Activism

The purpose of this study was to examine racist events and three individual coping styles (reflective, suppressive, and reactive) as predictors of involvement in African American activism in a sample of 269 African American women and men. In addition, it examined the moderating roles of individual coping styles in the racist events-African American activism link. Results indicated that racist events, reflective coping, and the interaction of racist events and reflective coping uniquely and significantly predicted involvement in African American activism, accounting for 33% of the variance. Racist events and reflective individual coping styles were related to involvement in African American activism. Results also supported a moderating role of individual reflective coping styles in the link between frequency of racist events and involvement in African American activism. That is, participants with high reflective coping engaged in more African American activism than participants with low reflective coping when experiences of racist events were low, but a larger number of racist events mitigated this effect.
The Sociology of Deviance: An Obituary

Part 1 A new deal for degenerates? the sociology of social deviation 1895-1940: Durkheim, modernity and doubt the birth - immigration and the urban jungle social realism and the Godfather - degeneration, cultural diversity and the New Deal - the potent union of psychiatry and sociology - the coming of age of the sociology of deviation persistent class and cultural conflict - deviance, degeneration and social democracy. Part 2 Regulating deviance - fantasies of social control 1941-1967: beyond the frontier and into fantasyland deviance, social control and the end of ideology - McCarthyism and secondary deviance regulation as measurement and balance - the labelling perspective and the flowering of social deviance. Part 3 Crime and power - the repoliticization of moral judgment 1968-1975: resistance and resentment morality, politics and subjectivity - deviance as ideology the final collapse.
Score Comparability of a State Reading Assessment Across Selected Groups of Students With Disabilities

This study investigated the factorial invariance of scores from a 7th-grade state reading assessment across general education students and selected groups of students with disabilities. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the fit of a 2-factor model to each of the 4 groups. In addition to overall fit of this model, 5 levels of constraint, including equal factor loadings, intercepts, error variances, factor variances, and factor covariances, were investigated. Invariance across the factor loadings and intercepts was supported across the groups of students with disabilities and general education students. Invariance for these groups was not supported for the error variances. For the students with mental retardation, the lack of fit of the 2-factor model and the observed score results suggested a mismatch between the difficulty level of this test and the ability level of these students. Although the results generally supported the score comparability of the reading assessment across these groups, further research is needed into the nature of the larger error variances for the student with disabilities groups and into accommodations and modifications for the students with mental retardation.
Hepatitis C, love and intimacy: Beyond the ‘anomalous body’

Background: Many of the effects of hepatitis C are now well-documented. There are reports of a reduction in sexual contact, social withdrawal and feelings of contamination and contagion following diagnosis. However, on some of the more intimate aspects of living with hepatitis C, such as those relating to sexuality, love and intimacy, research is yet to be undertaken. Method: In this article, we draw on 30 interviews conducted with hepatitis C positive people in Melbourne, Australia. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, and then coded and organized thematically. This article draws on three case studies to illustrate its findings. Results: Contracting hepatitis C significantly limited access to love and intimacy for some participants, affecting existing relationships and ruling out new ones. The task of managing both health and relationships was undertaken by women much more commonly than by men. Finding love and becoming a desirable partner, sometimes engaged people in new ways with their health. Conclusions: This article concludes with two key observations. First, ideas of love, intimacy, health and purity all rely on each other for meaning. Second, within this constellation of meanings, disease and intimacy figure as paradoxical. Together these observations indicate the need to challenge ideas about disease, sexuality and romance.
Risk Factors for Postoperative Urinary Tract Infections in Patients Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty

Background. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common minor complication following total joint arthroplasty (TJA) with incidence as high as 3.26%. Bladder catheterization is routinely used during TJA and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has recently identified hospital-acquired catheter associated UTI as a target for quality improvement. This investigation seeks to identify specific risk factors for UTI in TJA patients. Methods. We retrospectively studied patients undergoing TJA for osteoarthritis between 2006 and 2013 in the American College of Surgeon's National Surgical Improvement Program Database (ACS-NSQIP). A univariate analysis screen followed by multivariate logistic regression identified specific patient demographics, comorbidities, preoperative laboratory values, and operative characteristics independently associated with postoperative UTI. Results. 1,239 (1.1%) of 115,630 TJA patients we identified experienced a postoperative UTI. The following characteristics are independently associated with postoperative UTI: female sex (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.6–2.7), chronic steroid use (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2–3.2), ages 60–69 (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0–2.1), 70–79 (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4–2.9), and ≥80 (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.5–3.6), ASA Classes 3–5 (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2–1.9), preoperative creatinine >1.35 (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3–2.6), and operation time greater than 130 minutes (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3–2.4). Conclusions. In this large database query, postoperative UTI occurs in 1.1% of patients following TJA and several variables including female sex, age greater than 60, and chronic steroid use are independent risk factors for occurrence. Practitioners should be aware of populations at greater risk to support efforts to comply with CMS initiated quality improvement.
Networks in Sciences: Three Essays on Scientific Collaboration

The aim of this thesis is to study the complex relationship between scientific productivity and (formal and informal) scientific collaborations. We follow an approach which goes beyond the classical trade-off that emerged from the literature around networks studies and game theory, in the attempt of developing a synthesis between a micro and a macro approach. In doing so, we enrich the toolset of available methodologies by adopting instruments which are typical of Network Analysis (e.g.: networks’ indices of centrality and clustering), Econometrics (e.g.: ZIP and Censored regressions), and Experimental Economics (e.g.: Laboratory experiments). In particular, we look at two different scientific communities, in order to capture different characteristics of the networks: the community of Top geographers, and the community of Italian economists. This thesis is structured with a view to emphasising the role that the incentives which move scientists within their network of collaboration play on shaping the network itself, but also on influencing their scientific productivity. The thesis is composed of three different essays, each of which approaches the phenomena of scientific production and collaboration from different perspectives, allowing me to highlight the role played by four basic components (i.e.: networks, scientific communities, collaborative behaviours, individual incentives and collective outcomes) in shaping the structure and dynamics of the “world of science”.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of a Measure of “Mentoring” Among Undergraduate Students Attending a Hispanic Serving Institution

The present study validated the underlying domains that comprise the mentoring experiences of students attending a Hispanic Serving Institution. Mentoring was hypothesized to comprise four interrelated components as measured by the College Student Mentoring Scale. T test results indicated different groups of students received similar mentoring experiences, whereas confirmatory factor analyses revealed the mentoring model was valid. The factor structure was found to be significantly different between White and Hispanic students. El estudio actual validó los dominios subyacentes que componen las experiencias de mentoría de estudiantes de una Institución al Servicio de los Hispanos. Se hipotetizó que mentoría sería compuesta de cuatro componentes interrelacionados como medidos por el College Student Mentoring Scale. Los resultados de la prueba t indicaron que distintos grupos de estudiantes recibieron experiencias de mentoría semejantes mientras que análisis factorial confirmatorio indicó que el modelo de mentoría fue válido. Se descubrió que la estructura factorial fue significativamente diferente para estudiantes angloamericanos y estudiantes hispanos.
Improved Variational Inference with Inverse Autoregressive Flow

The framework of normalizing flows provides a general strategy for flexible variational inference of posteriors over latent variables. We propose a new type of normalizing flow, inverse autoregressive flow (IAF), that, in contrast to earlier published flows, scales well to high-dimensional latent spaces. The proposed flow consists of a chain of invertible transformations, where each transformation is based on an autoregressive neural network. In experiments, we show that IAF significantly improves upon diagonal Gaussian approximate posteriors. In addition, we demonstrate that a novel type of variational autoencoder, coupled with IAF, is competitive with neural autoregressive models in terms of attained log-likelihood on natural images, while allowing significantly faster synthesis.
The Importance of Directly Asking Students Their Reasons for Attending Higher Education.

Few studies have directly asked undergraduate students their reasons for coming to institutions for higher learning and, instead, have been developed based on theoretical rationale. We asked undergraduate students to list all of their reasons for attending university and to indicate those most important. Overall, students reported more than five and most listed both internal and external reasons. Highly endorsed internal reasons included self-improvement, achieving life goals, whereas highly endorsed external reasons pertained to career and family. Upper-year students listed more reasons for attending and tended to list reasons pertaining to selfimprovement/satisfaction and societal contributions. Many first year students attended to prove to others they could earn a degree. Although many of the items students endorsed here concurred with other popular scales’ items, some of the central listed items did not, with many items on some scales not even being mentioned by our sample. The complexity of reasons our students listed may help to explain outcomes such as GPA, retention and satisfaction.