Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of temperature and cooling regime on mechanical properties of high‐strength low‐alloy steel

This paper presents results from experimental studies on the effect of temperature on mechanical properties of high‐strength low‐alloy ASTM A572 steel commonly used in structural members in bridges. A set of high‐temperature tensile strength tests and post‐temperature exposed residual strength tests is carried out on ASTM A572 steel coupons in 20–1000 °C temperature range. The residual strength tests on high‐temperature exposed steel coupons are carried out after subjecting the coupons to two methods of cooling, namely, air cooling and water quenching. Results from these tests indicate that temperature‐dependent strength and stiffness degradation in A572 steel follow the same trend as that of carbon steel but with some variations. A572 steel recovers almost 100% of its room temperature yield strength when heated to temperature up to 600 °C, regardless of the method of cooling, while the extent of strength degradation in coupons subjected to heating beyond 600 °C is dependent on heated temperature and method of cooling. Data generated in these tests are utilized to generate high‐temperature stress–strain and residual stress–strain response of A572 steel. These results are also utilized to propose temperature‐dependent strength, elastic modules, and residual strength reduction factors of A572 steel, which can be used in evaluating residual response of fire‐exposed steel structures. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hitchhiking of Deleterious Alleles and the Cost of Adaptation in Partially Selfing Species

Self-fertilization is generally seen to be disadvantageous in the long term. It increases genetic drift, which subsequently reduces polymorphism and the efficiency of selection, which also challenges adaptation. However, high selfing rates can increase the fixation probability of recessive beneficial mutations, but existing theory has generally not accounted for the effect of linked sites. Here, we analyze a model for the fixation probability of deleterious mutants that hitchhike with selective sweeps in diploid, partially selfing populations. Approximate analytical solutions show that, conditional on the sweep not being lost by drift, higher inbreeding rates increase the fixation probability of the deleterious allele, due to the resulting reduction in polymorphism and effective recombination. When extending the analysis to consider a distribution of deleterious alleles, as well as the average fitness increase after a sweep, we find that beneficial alleles generally need to be more recessive than the previously assumed dominance threshold (h < 1/2) for selfing to be beneficial from one-locus theory. Our results highlight that recombination aiding the efficiency of selection on multiple loci amplifies the fitness benefits of outcrossing over selfing, compared to results obtained from one-locus theory. This effect additionally increases the parameter range under which obligate outcrossing is beneficial over partial selfing.
Recent advances in the discovery and design of multicomponent reactions for the generation of small-molecule libraries

License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress. com/permissions.php Reports in Organic Chemistry 2015:5 75–90 Reports in Organic Chemistry Dovepress
The Internet of Things adoption in healthcare applications

The Internet of Things (IoT) integrated with various healthcare applications and medical fields such as remote care system for patients, warning systems for emergencies, fitness programs, chronic diseases and also elderly care such as heart rate checking system, blood pressure measurement system, health check systems, artificial heart rate provider and hearing aids. Furthermore, IoT adopted applications monitor the treatment or drugs quantity process. Additionally, many applications are produced based on IoT adoption in healthcare systems that are used by doctors to monitor their patients after discharging from hospital. The aim of this study is to give priority to the adequate healthcare field. The study distinguishes different users of IoT in healthcare systems as well as its functions and preferences. The Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) along with the development analysis of Chang, Da-Yong has been used to prioritize the IoT adoption in healthcare applications.
Carbon debt of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grasslands converted to bioenergy production

Over 13 million ha of former cropland are enrolled in the US Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), providing well-recognized biodiversity, water quality, and carbon (C) sequestration benefits that could be lost on conversion back to agricultural production. Here we provide measurements of the greenhouse gas consequences of converting CRP land to continuous corn, corn–soybean, or perennial grass for biofuel production. No-till soybeans preceded the annual crops and created an initial carbon debt of 10.6 Mg CO2 equivalents (CO2e)·ha−1 that included agronomic inputs, changes in C stocks, altered N2O and CH4 fluxes, and foregone C sequestration less a fossil fuel offset credit. Total debt, which includes future debt created by additional changes in soil C stocks and the loss of substantial future soil C sequestration, can be constrained to 68 Mg CO2e·ha−1 if subsequent crops are under permanent no-till management. If tilled, however, total debt triples to 222 Mg CO2e·ha−1 on account of further soil C loss. Projected C debt repayment periods under no-till management range from 29 to 40 y for corn–soybean and continuous corn, respectively. Under conventional tillage repayment periods are three times longer, from 89 to 123 y, respectively. Alternatively, the direct use of existing CRP grasslands for cellulosic feedstock production would avoid C debt entirely and provide modest climate change mitigation immediately. Incentives for permanent no till and especially permission to harvest CRP biomass for cellulosic biofuel would help to blunt the climate impact of future CRP conversion.
Sexualization reduces helping intentions towards female victims of intimate partner violence through mediation of moral patiency

This paper examines the influence of female sexualization on people's willingness to provide help in cases of intimate partner violence (IPV). We examined how sexualization may make women seem lacking moral patiency and moral virtue both of which may lead to a reduced willingness to help. In the first study, participants read a fictitious newspaper article describing an IPV incident. They were then presented with a picture of the ostensible victim depicting the woman with either a sexualized or non-sexualized appearance. Participants judged both the victim's moral patiency and morality, and then expressed their willingness to provide help to that victim. Although the sexualized victim was viewed as a lesser moral patient (Studies 1 and 2) and as less moral (Study 2), it was seeing the victim as unworthy of moral patiency rather than lacking moral virtue (immoral) that linked sexualization to reduced help. Controlling for participants' sexism and women's admission of infidelity, Study 2 replicated that sexualization reduced helping intentions through a lack of moral patiency. Practical implications are discussed.
Failure analysis of Cr12MoV steel cold punching die with complicated shape and improvement of heat treatment

Early failure analysis was carried out on Cr12MoV steel cold punching die with complicated shape.By adopting electroslag remelted forged billet,introducing solution and double-refine treatment and improving heat treatment process with the soaking time changed from 6 s/mm to 10 s/mm and tempering temperature increased from 200 ℃ to 420 ℃,the hardness of Cr12MoV steel die is reduced from 58～62 HRC to 55～58 HRC,and the early failure is inhibited with the addition of other measures.The excellent characteristics of Cr12MoV steel are fully brought out,so the service life of die is greatly prolonged and the production cost is reduced.
Factors affecting the serological testing of cadaveric donor cornea

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the serological profile of the eye donors and to study the influence of various factors on serological test results. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted, and data of 509 donors were reviewed from the records of eye bank from December 2012 to June 2017. Various details of donors analyzed included the age, sex of the donor, cause of death, source of tissue, time since blood collection after death, macroscopic appearance of blood sample, and details of discarded tissues. Serological examination of blood was performed for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus (HCV), venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL), and serology reports reactive or nonreactive were analyzed. Results: Among the 509 donors, 295 (58%) were male, and 420 (82.50%) belonged to age group ≥60 years. Most donors (354, 69.5%) died due to cardiac arrest. Macroscopically, sera were normal in the majority of 488 (95.9%) cases. Among 509 donors, 475 (93.3%) were nonreactive, 12 (2.4%) donors were found to be reactive to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and 1 (0.2%) was reactive to HCV, but no donor serology was reactive to HIV or VDRL. Twenty-one (4.12%) donors' sera were not fit for serological testing. Among all donors, 475 (93.32%) donors were accepted and 34 (6.67%) were rejected or discarded on the basis of serological testing. Cause of death and macroscopic aspect of sera influenced the serological results in a highly significant manner (P = 0.00). Acceptance or rejection of the donor was significantly influenced by the serological results of the donor (P = 0.00). Conclusion: The seroprevalence among eye donor for HBsAg and HCV was 12 (2.4%) and 1 (0.2%), respectively. Factors such as cause of death and macroscopic aspect of sera influence the serological results. Time since blood collection or sampling will not show any impact on viral serological results if postmortem sampling will be done in < 10 hours(h) after death which can improve the safety and utility of the donor cornea.
Bright light exposure before bedtime impairs response inhibition the following morning: a non-randomized crossover study

ABSTRACT Introduction: Bright light exposure in the late evening can affect cognitive function the following morning either by changing the biological clock and/or disturbing sleep, but the evidence for this effect is scarce, and the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we first aimed to evaluate the effect of bright light exposure before bedtime on frontal lobe activity the following morning using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during a Go/NoGo task. Second, we aimed to evaluate the effects of bright light exposure before bedtime on polysomnographic measures and on a frontal lobe function test the following morning. Methods: Twenty healthy, young males (mean age, 25.5 years) were recruited between September 2013 and August 2014. They were first exposed to control light (150 lux) before bedtime (from 20:00 h to 24:00 h) for 2 days and then to bright light (1,000 lux) before bedtime for an additional 5 days. We performed polysomnography (PSG) on the final night of each light exposure period (on nights 2 and night 7) and performed NIRS, which measures the concentrations of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin (OxyHb and DeoxyHb, respectively), coupled with a Go/NoGo task the following morning (between 09:30 h and 11:30 h). The participants also completed frontal lobe function tests the following morning. Results: NIRS showed decreased hemodynamic activity (lower OxyHb and a tendency toward higher DeoxyHb concentration) in the right frontal lobe during the NoGo block after 1000-lux light exposure compared with that during the NoGo block after 150-lux light exposure. The commission error rate (ER) during the Go/NoGo task was higher after 1000-lux light exposure than that during the Go/NoGo task after 150-lux light exposure (1.24 ± 1.09 vs. 0.6 ± 0.69, P = 0.002), suggesting a reduced inhibitory response. Conclusion: This study shows that exposure to bright light before bedtime for 5 days impairs right frontal lobe activation and response inhibition the following morning.
Single-Pass Drying of Rough Rice Using Glass Transition Principles

The objective of this research was to study the drying characteristics, milling quality, and functional properties of rough rice subjected to single-pass drying while controlling kernel material states. Drying experiments were conducted at 60, 70, and 80 o C and relative humidities ranging from 13 to 83%. High drying air relative humidities (> 63%) maintained both the kernel surface and core in a rubbery state during drying, whereas low drying air relative humidities caused rapid transitioning of the surface layers from a rubbery to a glassy state. Long-grain pureline cultivar, Wells, medium-grain pureline cultivar, Jupiter, and long-grain hybrid cultivar, CL XL729, were dried from harvest moisture content to 12.5% moisture content in a single-pass. Immediately after drying, samples were tempered in the drying container or in sealed plastic bags at the drying air temperature for 0, 30, and 60 min, after which they were spread in thin layers and cooled to ambient conditions. For all drying air temperatures and tempering conditions, milling quality was not significantly different from the controls when the relative humidity of the drying air was maintained above 63% (both the kernel core and surface maintained in a rubbery state during drying) and rice was tempered immediately after drying in sealed plastic bags and at the drying air temperature for at least 60 min. Minimal reduction to milling quality was observed at the low drying-air relative humidities when samples were tempered immediately after drying in sealed plastic bags and at the drying air temperature for at least 60 min: tempering in containers having large headspaces or for shorter durations failed to reduce the intra-kernel stresses created during drying due to differences in material state between the surface and the core, thereby causing kernel fissuring and breakage during subsequent milling. The high-temperature conditions did not affect color, degree of milling, and thermal properties. However, pasting viscosity profile was significantly affected. This dissertation is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council Dissertation Director: _______________________________ Dr. Terry Siebenmorgen Dissertation Committee: _______________________________ Dr. Leslie Dawn Edgar _______________________________ Dr. Andronikos Mauromoustakos _______________________________ Dr. Latha Devareddy _______________________________ Dr. Jean-Francois Meullenet DISSERTATION DUPLICATION RELEASE I hereby authorize the University of Arkansas Libraries to duplicate this dissertation when needed for research and/or scholarship. Agreed ____________________________________ George Owira Ondier Refused ___________________________________ George Owira Ondier
Mapping the Synthetic Dosage Lethality Network of CDK1/CDC28

Cdk1 (Cdc28 in yeast) is a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) essential for cell cycle progression and cell division in normal cells. However, CDK activity also underpins proliferation of tumor cells, making it a relevant study subject. While numerous targets and processes regulated by Cdc28 have been identified, the exact functions of Cdc28 are only partially understood. To further explore the functions of Cdc28, we systematically overexpressed ∼4800 genes in wild-type (WT) cells and in cells with artificially reduced Cdc28 activity. This screen identified 366 genes that, when overexpressed, specifically compromised cell viability under conditions of reduced Cdc28 activity. Consistent with the crucial functions of Cdc28 in cell cycle regulation and chromosome metabolism, most of these genes have functions in the cell cycle, DNA replication, and transcription. However, a substantial number of genes control processes not directly associated with the cell cycle, indicating that Cdc28 may also regulate these processes. Finally, because the dataset was enriched for direct Cdc28 targets, the results from this screen will aid in identifying novel targets and process regulated by Cdc28.
Water-mediated conformational preselection mechanism in substrate binding cooperativity to protein kinase A

Significance Cooperativity in substrate binding to a protein often involves some kind of interaction between distant binding sites mediated by the protein structure. Experimental studies indicate that the cooperative effect in protein kinase A relies on a shift in conformational equilibrium of the catalytic subunit, but its exact molecular basis remains unclear. Our molecular dynamics simulations provide atomistic insight into conformational states visited by the enzyme and its complexes and suggest a plausible mechanistic model contributing to cooperative substrate binding. Intriguingly, an important role seems to be played by water molecules that occupy two conserved hydration sites within the catalytic subunit. Substrate binding cooperativity in protein kinase A (PKA) seems to involve allosteric coupling between the two binding sites. It received significant attention, but its molecular basis still remains not entirely clear. Based on long molecular dynamics of PKA and its complexes, we characterized an allosteric pathway that links ATP binding to the redistribution of states adopted by a protein substrate positioning segment in favor of those that warrant correct binding. We demonstrate that the cooperativity mechanism critically depends on the presence of water in two distinct, buried hydration sites. One holds just a single water molecule, which acts as a switchable hydrogen bond bridge along the allosteric pathway. The second, filled with partially disordered solvent, is essential for providing a smooth free energy landscape underlying conformational transitions of the peptide binding region. Our findings remain in agreement with experimental data, also concerning the cooperativity abolishing effect of the Y204A mutation, and indicate a plausible molecular mechanism contributing to experimentally observed binding cooperativity of the two substrates.
Validation of the Intuitive Eating Scale in pregnancy

The objective of this study was to examine the content validity and test–retest reliability of the Intuitive Eating Scale among pregnant women. A qualitative think-aloud study of the Intuitive Eating Scale analysed the content validity. Overall, the Intuitive Eating Scale made sense to pregnant women, but food safety affected the interpretation of some items. A version with instructions modified accounting for food safety, the Intuitive Eating Scale–Pregnancy, was subsequently shown to have stable scores over 5 weeks during the second trimester, mean change = −0.08 (95% limits of agreement: −0.61 to 0.45), r = 0.79, n = 240. The Intuitive Eating Scale–Pregnancy was acceptable for use in this New Zealand pregnant population.
Cost of Health Care Utilization Among Homeless Frequent Emergency Department Users

Research demonstrates that homelessness is associated with frequent use of emergency department (ED) services, yet prior studies have not adequately examined the relationship between frequent ED use and utilization of non-ED health care services among those experiencing homelessness. There has also been little effort to assess heterogeneity among homeless individuals who make frequent use of ED services. To address these gaps, the present study used Medicaid claims data from 2010 to estimate the association between the number of ED visits and non-ED health care costs for a cohort of 6,338 Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program patients, and to identify distinct subgroups of persons in this cohort who made frequent use of ED services based on their clinical and demographic characteristics. A series of gamma regression models found more frequent ED use to be associated with higher non-ED costs, even after adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics. Latent class analysis was used to examine heterogeneity among frequent ED users, and the results identified 6 characteristically distinct subgroups among these persons. The subgroup of persons with trimorbid illness had non-ED costs that far exceeded members of all 5 other subgroups. Study findings reinforce the connection between frequent ED use and high health care costs among homeless individuals and suggest that different groups of homeless frequent ED users may benefit from interventions that vary in terms of their composition and intensity.
IL‐33: biological properties, functions, and roles in airway disease

Interleukin (IL)‐33 is a key cytokine involved in type 2 immunity and allergic airway diseases. Abundantly expressed in lung epithelial cells, IL‐33 plays critical roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses in mucosal organs. In innate immunity, IL‐33 and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) provide an essential axis for rapid immune responses and tissue homeostasis. In adaptive immunity, IL‐33 interacts with dendritic cells, Th2 cells, follicular T cells, and regulatory T cells, where IL‐33 influences the development of chronic airway inflammation and tissue remodeling. The clinical findings that both the IL‐33 and ILC2 levels are elevated in patients with allergic airway diseases suggest that IL‐33 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. IL‐33 and ILC2 may also serve as biomarkers for disease classification and to monitor the progression of diseases. In this article, we reviewed the current knowledge of the biology of IL‐33 and discussed the roles of the IL‐33 in regulating airway immune responses and allergic airway diseases.
LTP and memory impairment caused by extracellular Aβ and Tau oligomers is APP-dependent

The concurrent application of subtoxic doses of soluble oligomeric forms of human amyloid-beta (oAβ) and Tau (oTau) proteins impairs memory and its electrophysiological surrogate long-term potentiation (LTP), effects that may be mediated by intra-neuronal oligomers uptake. Intrigued by these findings, we investigated whether oAβ and oTau share a common mechanism when they impair memory and LTP in mice. We found that as already shown for oAβ, also oTau can bind to amyloid precursor protein (APP). Moreover, efficient intra-neuronal uptake of oAβ and oTau requires expression of APP. Finally, the toxic effect of both extracellular oAβ and oTau on memory and LTP is dependent upon APP since APP-KO mice were resistant to oAβ- and oTau-induced defects in spatial/associative memory and LTP. Thus, APP might serve as a common therapeutic target against Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and a host of other neurodegenerative diseases characterized by abnormal levels of Aβ and/or Tau. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.26991. 001