Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Overview (and Underview) of Research and Theory within the Attraction Paradigm

The initiation and subsequent development of what I once immodestly labeled `the attraction paradigm' are described. Though an after-the-fact reconstruction of a given program of research and theory may appear to result from planful, rational, insightful, and even prescient actions, the actual process is more often a combination of multiple personal motives, semi-random input from a wide variety of sources, sheer luck, and semi-delusional tenacity. In any event, some highlights and landmarks of over 35 years of attraction research are summarized. The story includes the initial decision to investigate the effect of attitude similarity-dissimilarity on attraction, the gradual development of the linear function that specifies the relationship between seemingly diverse stimulus events and evaluative responses such as attraction, and the construction of a theoretical model that began with a focus on conditioning but was eventually expanded as `the behaviour sequence', incorporating cognitive constructs in order to deal with such interpersonal complexities as love. As a postscript, I describe our current efforts to place the components of adult attachment patterns within this model in an effort to predict more precisely various aspects of interpersonal relationships.
Association of National Hospital Quality Measure adherence with long-term mortality and readmissions

Background In existing studies, the association between adherence with recommended hospital care processes and subsequent outcomes has been inconsistent. This has substantial implications because process measure scores are used for accountability, quality improvement and reimbursement. Our investigation addresses methodological concerns with previous studies to better clarify the process–outcomes association for three common conditions. Methods The study included all patients discharged from Massachusetts General Hospital between 1 July 2004 and 31 December 2007 with a principle diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure (HF) or pneumonia (PN) who were eligible for at least one National Hospital Quality Measure. The number of patients analysed varied by measure (374 to 3020) depending on Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services eligibility criteria. Hospital data were linked with state administrative data to determine mortality and readmissions. For patients with multiple admissions, the time-weighted impact of measure failures on mortality was estimated using exponential decay functions. All patients had follow-up for at least 1 year or until death or readmission. Cox models were used to estimate HRs adjusted for transfer status, age, gender, race, census block-group socioeconomic status, number of Elixhauser comorbidities, and do not resuscitate orders. Results Adjusted survival and freedom from readmission for AMI and PN showed superior results for 100% and 50–99% adherence compared with 0–49% adherence. For HF, the results were inconsistent and sometimes paradoxical, although several individual measures (eg, ACE inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blockade) were associated with improved outcomes. Conclusion Adherence with recommended AMI and PN care processes is associated with improved long-term outcomes, whereas the results for HF measures are inconsistent. The evidence base for all process measures must be critically evaluated, including the strength of association between these care processes and outcomes in real-world populations. Some currently recommended processes may not be suitable as accountability measures.
Geochemical and Geochronological Constraints on Early Lunar Bombardment History

Introduction: The aim of this abstract is to acquaint the reader with the major geochemical and geochronological properties of lunar rocks formed or affected by impact events, and thus how these rocks constrain lunar bombardment history, with particular emphasis on constraints upon the proposed Lunar Cataclysm or Late Heavy Bombardment [1]. To this end, the focus is on clast-poor impact melt rocks and crystalline melt breccias as products of large impacts (>1 km craters) and basins (>300 km craters) Though micrometeorite impacts and secondary craters are create agglutinitic glass and impact melt splashes, they are not considered here.
Understanding Policy: Why Health Education Policy Is Important and Why It Does Not Appear to Work.

Drawing on research investigating the impact of health imperatives around obesity, diet and exercise on the actions of teachers and pupils in schools, this paper offers a reflexive account of the relationships between the ‘noise’ of obesity discourse in the public domain, policies forged to tackle health issues and the realities of teaching in schools. Our analyses suggest that intersections of bio-policies, body pedagogies and human agents forge assemblages of meaning that frame and regulate but cannot determine either teachers' or young people's lives. Teachers and pupils experience the capriciousness of policies as they flow through specific school contexts and intersect with ‘local’ institutional cultures, expectations and interests. We suggest that Basil Bernstein's concepts and poststructural social theory prove useful when addressing how the aforementioned processes are emplaced, enacted and embodied.
Simulating Navigation for Spatial Knowledge Acquisition

This paper compares actual and simulated navigation as alternative sources of environmental information. Subjects experienced an 8.3-km tour of an unfamiliar environment through one of two media: a live bus tour along the route or a film shot from inside an automobile driving along the route. Subjects also received one of two types of supplementary information (a map that was studied prior to navigation or an oral narrative giving angle and distance information during navigation), or no supplement. After exposure to the environment, all subjects completed tests of landmark knowledge, procedural (route sequence) knowledge, and survey (configural relation) knowledge. Film (simulated navigation) groups performed as well as or better than tour groups on measures of landmark and survey knowledge. On tests of procedural knowledge, film groups were inferior to tour groups in their ability to point in the direction of unseen landmarks. Supplementary information affected only the film groups. Map study enhanced performance on survey knowledge tests but depressed performance on procedural knowledge tests. We conclude that simulated navigation can be used as a substitute for actual navigation under some circumstances, and that a map supplement can enhance the abstraction of survey knowledge from simulated navigation.
Examen critique du caractère prédictif, causal et falsifiable de deux théories de la relation attitude-comportement : la théorie de l'action raisonnée et la théorie du comportement planifié

The theory of reasoned action and the theory of planned behaviour are the two most influential theories in the study of the attitude-behavior relationship. But for few years they faced a growing number of critisms focusing mainly on their parcimony. The present article adresses two issues that have for now attracted few scientific attention: 1) the examination of both predictibility and causality of these two theories ; 2) their falsifiability.
Communication Styles as Dimensions of National Culture

Evidence is presented that national cultures may be distinguished in terms of prevalent styles of communication, as exemplified by survey response styles. A distinction is made between the average communication style within a given nation and the nation-level dispersion of communication styles. Secondary analyses of published values, beliefs, and personality data are used to test hypotheses concerning the attributes of nations that differ in terms of their citizens’ tendencies to agree and to disagree, and in terms of frequency of response extremity versus moderation. The tendency of individuals in different nations to agree or disagree is most concisely explained by measures derived from the concept of individualism-collectivism. The nation-level frequencies of agreement plus disagreement are best explained by Minkov’s dimension of monumentalism-flexumility. The benefits of controlling these response tendencies for extracting valid measures of cultural variation and for defining a fuller range of cultural dimensions are discussed.
Clinical Complications In Pregnancy And The Relationship With Low Birth Weight And Prematurity Of The Newborn

Study in order to know the results of prenatal care related to clinical complications of pregnancy, newborn’s low birth weight and prematurity in the context of the users of the service. Descriptive, exploratory research with quantitative approach developed with 305 users who underwent prenatal care in primary care in the city of Mossoro-RN. The data collection occurred from the application of a validated questionnaire, the IPR-PRENATAL index. The results indicate that over 50% of pregnant women had some type of complication during their pregnancy process, among intercurrent diseases in pregnancy, and experienced by users, the urinary tract infection was the most prevalent (28.0%), followed by anemia (19.3%) and hypertension (15.7%). Hypertension and anemia were the only events that interfere with the newborn’s weight, which showed that the existence of complications contributes in three times to the occurrence of low birth weight. In this sense, the quality of prenatal care can minimize that type of complication.
Mass transfer of water vapor, carbon dioxide and oxygen on modified cellulose fiber-based materials

Abstract Mass transfer properties of fibre network and coated paper are essential for understanding the barrier properties of the products and further advance in their application. In this study, different unmodified and coated papers, e.g., (Poly lactic acid (PLA), zein grafted paper) were prepared and characterized with regard to mass transfer properties. Water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) transmission rates through the cellulose paper films were measured and the results discussed. The effects of sample film thickness and samples were found to be strongly dependent on the temperature and the relative humidity difference (mass transfer driving force). On the other hand water vapor permeabilities relative humidity. Water vapor diffusivities of the samples were also measured from the uptake rate measurements using Fickian diffusion slab model for a wide range of relative modified samples were found to be generally low compared to unmodified (reference) paper sample. Among the investigated samples, PLA/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane POSS-bentonite modified paper sample showed higher mass transfer resistance to water vapour and the gases investigated in this study (CO2and O2). It showed lower water transmission rate (104 g/m2.day) compared to PLA-coated paper (130 g/m2.day), zein coated paper (179 g/m2.day) and control sample (359 g/m2.day) at the relative humidity gradient RH=74% and temperature of 25 oC. The oxygen transmission rate for PLA/(POSS-Bentonite) coated paper was found to be lower than for the other modified papers. Zein grafted paper showed better barrier property for water vapor than oxygen. Water vapor permeation through paper films shows an Arrhenius type of dependency with temperature, indicating activated process. The activation energies reveal diffusion dominated process for all paper samples investigated in this study, according to the solution-diffusion mechanism used to describe the permeation processes.
The identification and prevalence of specific reading retardation.

Summary. The existence of a hump at the tail of the distribution of under-/over-achievement in reading is generally accepted, yet the evidence in support of this is far from conclusive. In a national sample of 8,836 10-year-olds, part of the Child Health and Education Study, the over-representation of children with severe under-achievement, i.e. specific reading retardation, could not be confirmed. The implications are that specific reading retardation is the extreme of a continuum of under-achievement and that any cut-off point on this continuum used for its definition is arbitrary. Estimates of the prevalence of specific reading retardation must therefore be accompanied by the precise criteria used for its identification.
The osmoprotective effect of some organic solutes on Streptomyces sp. mado2 and nocardiopsis sp. mado3 growth

The response of two marine actinomycetes such as Streptomyces sp. MADO2 and Nocardiopsis sp. MADO3 to osmotic stress in minimal medium M63 and in glycerol-asparagine medium (ISP5) was studied. The two strains were moderately halophilic and the behavior of the strain Streptomyces sp. MADO2 and Nocardiopsis sp. MADO3 towards the salt stress was varied depends on the media composition and the salinity concentration. The strain Streptomyces sp. was more sensitive to salt stress than Nocardiopsis sp. The growth of both Streptomyces sp. and Nocardiopsis sp. were inhibited at 1 M NaCl irrespective of the medium used. The Nocardiopsis sp. acquired osmoadaptation on ISP5 medium whereas the Streptomyces sp. showed poor growth on M63 medium. Glycine betaine (GB), proline and trehalose played a critical role in osmotic adaptation at high osmolarity whereas at low osmolarity they showed an inhibitory effect on the bacterial growth. The present findings confirmed that GB was the powerful osmoprotectant for Streptomyces sp. and Nocardiopsis sp. grown at 1 M NaCl both in M63 and ISP5 media.
A subspace method for direction of arrival estimation of uncorrelated emitter signals

A novel eigenstructure-based method for direction estimation is presented. The method assumes that the emitter signals are uncorrelated. Ideas from subspace and covariance matching methods are combined to yield a noniterative estimation algorithm when a uniform linear array is employed. The large sample performance of the estimator is analyzed. It is shown that the asymptotic variance of the direction estimates coincides with the relevant Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRB). A compact expression for the CRB is derived for the ease when it is known that the signals are uncorrelated, and it is lower than the CRB that is usually used in the array processing literature (assuming no particular structure for the signal covariance matrix). The difference between the two CRBs can be large in difficult scenarios. This implies that in such scenarios, the proposed methods has significantly better performance than existing subspace methods such as, for example, WSF, MUSIC, and ESPRIT. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the obtained results.
Moonlighting Among University Lecturers and Their Performance in the South-Western Nigeria

The study examined the performance (in terms of teaching, project supervision and paper publications) and moonlighting among university lecturers in south-western Nigeria. Subject for the study were three hundred and forty-seven lecturers drawn from four public and two private universities in the south-western zone of Nigeria. The stratified random sampling technique was used in the selection of respondents from the rank of assistant lecturers upward. The questionnaire method was used to collect relevant data for the study. Data collected were analyzed using percentages, correlation analysis, t-test and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The hypothesis tested showed that there is significant difference between the performance of the university teachers who moonlighting and those who do not in south-western Nigeria (t=3.51; p<0.05). The findings revealed that there is inverse relationships between the number of lecture hours and number of universities lecturers teach in (r=-0.137, -0.447; p<0.05). It also showed that there is significant difference in performance in terms of project supervision (F=7.687, 8.175; p<0.05), and number of paper publications (F=2.678, 4.581; p<0.05). The human resource management implication is that it is essential to design, implement and monitor, with the full participation of lecturers, effective, efficient and mutually reinforcing working condition sensitive policies and programmes, including development policies and programmes that will foster the empowerment and advancement of lecturers within the institution they are and at the same time train more hands for the universities to have enough lecturers to go round to prevent lecturers’ moonlighting.
Women at leisure and in work ‐ unequal opportunities?

Explores the changing relationship between work and leisure with particular reference to women’s equality in economic and other activities through a review of the history of leisure opportunities since the industrial revolution; indicates the ways in which social and economic changes have had a major impact on women’s leisure needs and activities. Focuses in particular on the provision of workplace fitness facilities, undertaking a survey of more than 200 companies across a number of industry sectors (the rationale for selection is outlined here) to discover the reasons behind such provision and the actual facilities provided; identifies the reasons behind provision as primarily commercial (e.g. being seen as an additional benefit to help recruit high quality employees) and notes that assessment of user group needs was not carried out, with the result that women’s particular needs tended not to be taken into account, for example gyms (favoured by men) being more widely provided than space for aerobic exercise (favoured by women). Concludes that the findings strongly suggest that women remain unequal in their leisure as well as working lives.
Mechanism and Time Course of S‐T and T‐Q Segment Changes during Acute Regional Myocardial Ischemia in the Pig Heart Determined by Extracellular and Intracellular Recordings

We recorded transmembrane potentials from subepicardial ventricular cells and local extracellular DC electrograms in isolated perfused pig hearts before and after occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. The first change was a decrease in the resting membrane potential, reflected by T-Q depression in the electrogram. After 3 minutes, action potentials shortened and their amplitude decreased, resulting in S-T elevation until, finally, cells in the center of the ischemic zone became totally unresponsive at resting potentials of about −65 mV. This rendered the extracellular complex monophasic. Determination of extracellular potential distribution at 150-250 epicardial sites after 15-30 minutes of occlusion showed an increase of T-Q depression and S-T elevation toward a central area, with maximum values of −15 and +35 mV, respectively. Comparison of amplitude and configuration of intramural and epicardial potential profiles revealed that the potential distribution was homogeneous throughout ischemic parts of the wall. Extracellular epicardial current originated, therefore, from the epicardial intracellular compartment. Maximal current density during late systole was 1 μA/mm 2, flowing in the border zone towards normal myocardium. After 1 hour of occlusion, there was a marked decrease of extracellular DC potentials which could be attributed to transient recovery of electrical activity in the ischemic zone. After 2 hours, the zone of unresponsiveness was larger than after 15 minutes of occlusion, and the overall amplitude of DC potentials had decreased further, possibly because of healing over.
Application of a time-domain partial element equivalent circuit method to lightning surge analysis

This paper presents the application of a partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method neglecting retardation in the time domain for calculating tower surge responses and insulator voltages of an actual transmission tower, and transient performance of grounding electrodes. A comparison of the simulation results by the PEEC method in the time domain with simulation results calculated by a full-wave PEEC method in the frequency domain and experimental data shows satisfactory agreement not only for amplitudes but also for waveshapes.
Behind the screens: care staff observations on delivery of oral health care in nursing homes.

OBJECTIVE To identify qualitatively carer staff attitudes, practices and critical comments related to oral health care of functionally dependent nursing home clients. DESIGN Open-ended questions included in a longer quantitative questionnaire. SETTING 22 randomly selected nursing homes in the Bristol area. SUBJECTS 416 carers employed in these homes. RESULTS The majority of carers thought that clients had a right to good oral health, accepted the carers' role in helping clients with oral and denture hygiene, but recognised that oral health care provision was deficient. However, some carers believed oral health care to be solely the clients' responsibility despite high disability levels. Main barriers to providing oral health care were low prioritization of oral health by nursing management, lack of co-operation from cognitively impaired clients, and lack of training. Carers were critical of homes' lack of arrangements for routine professional dental checks, lack of commitment to staff training, low standards of oral health care by colleagues, and lack of provision of oral hygiene aids and cleansing materials for clients. Many responses indicated ways in which nursing home oral health care could be improved. Carers reported contrasting experiences of dental treatment, and deplored recent decreased availability of subsidized dental care. CONCLUSIONS Carers' generally positive attitudes towards clients' oral health care should encourage health educators. Insights gained from qualitative data can help to identify the less obvious causes for poor oral care delivery, which can then be addressed in education and training initiatives in nursing home settings.
Investigating the Reciprocal Nature of Service-Learning in Physical Education Teacher Education

Constructivism theory (Crotty, 1998) served as the framework to investigate the reciprocal nature of a service-learning project that involved physical education pre-service teachers and urban underserved youth. Participants included three physical education teacher education (PETE) candidates and 15 youth between the ages of 6 and 13 who were primarily of Latino descent (96%). The service-learning course allowed the teacher candidates to experientially learn subject matter while serving a population in need. Data sources included field notes, participant interviews, and teacher journals. Data analysis identified that teacher candidates gained content knowledge, established protocol techniques, and experienced an enhanced awareness of cultural competence. Additionally, the youth learned sport skills, cooperation, and teamwork, and they established positive adult relationships. These findings suggest that PETE programs consider service-learning as a viable option when designing courses that emphasize authentic learning outcomes, critical reflection, and civic engagement.
Educating the European citizen in the global age: engaging with the post‐national and identifying a research agenda

In recent decades there have been increased calls for UK schools to develop a more European and global orientation in their pedagogy and curriculum, and to equip children and young people with post‐national knowledge, skills, and dispositions. This paper examines some key problems in post‐national conceptions of citizenship education, in order to develop a research agenda focusing on the contested nature of notions of post‐national citizenship (with particular attention to European and global citizenship), and on the way these notions are understood as having competing claims in education. In examining these issues the paper explains the confused governmental agendas and commitments in relation to European and/or global citizenship education, and concludes by considering alternative theories of citizenship, curriculum, and pedagogy that may provide a deeper understanding of the associated issues and tensions. Although the paper relates directly to the UK, some of the debates have a wider significance.