Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An unstructured 5′-coding region of the prfA mRNA is required for efficient translation

Expression of virulence factors in the human bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is almost exclusively regulated by the transcriptional activator PrfA. The translation of prfA is controlled by a thermosensor located in the 5′-untranslated RNA (UTR), and is high at 37°C and low at temperatures <30°C. In order to develop a thermoregulated translational expression system, the 5′-UTR and different lengths of the prfA-coding sequences were placed in front of lacZ. When expressed in Escherichia coli, the β-galactosidase expression was directly correlated to the length of the prfA-coding mRNA lying in front of lacZ. A similar effect was detected with gfp as a reporter gene in both L. monocytogenes and E. coli, emphasizing the requirement of the prfA-coding RNA for maximal expression. In vitro transcription/translation and mutational analysis suggests a role for the first 20 codons of the native prfA-mRNA for maximal expression. By toe-print and RNA-probing analysis, a flexible hairpin-loop located immediately downstream of the start-codon was shown to be important for ribosomal binding. The present work determines the importance of an unstructured part of the 5′-coding region of the prfA-mRNA for efficient translation.
On Higher Arthur-Merlin Classes

We study higher Arthur-Merlin classes defined via several natural probabilistic operators BP, R and coR. We investigate the complexity classes they define, and a number of interactions between these operators and the standard polynomial time hierarchy. We prove a hierarchy theorem for these higher Arthur-Merlin classes involving interleaving operators, and a theorem giving non-trivial upper bounds to the intersection of the complementary classes in the hierarchy.
Risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Chinese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Objective. To examine the association of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in early pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and adverse birth outcomes. Methods. In this retrospective cohort study including 2389 pregnant women, the medical records of 352 women diagnosed with PCOS were evaluated. Outcomes included GDM, preterm birth, low birth weight, macrosomia, and being small and large for gestational age. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association of the risk for GDM and adverse birth outcomes with PCOS after adjusting for confounders. Results. Women previously diagnosed with PCOS had a higher risk of GDM (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–2.09). A strong association was seen between PCOS and preterm birth (adjusted OR 1.69, 95% CI: 1.08–2.67). On stratified analysis, the adjusted OR for GDM among women with PCOS undergoing assisted reproductive technology was 1.44 (95% CI: 1.03–1.92) and among women with PCOS who conceived spontaneously was 1.60 (1.18–2.15). No increased risk for other adverse birth outcomes was observed. Conclusions. Women with PCOS were more likely to experience GDM and preterm birth.
SONJA LYUBOMIRSKY, CHRIS TKACH and M. ROBIN DIMATTEO WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HAPPINESS AND SELF-ESTEEM?

The present study investigated theoretically and empirically derived similarities and differences between the constructs of enduring happiness and selfesteem. Participants (N = 621), retired employees ages 51–95, completed standardized measures of affect, personality, psychosocial characteristics, physical health, and demographics. The relations between each of the two target variables (happiness and self-esteem) and the full set of remaining variables were assessed through a series of successive statistical analyses: (1) simple Pearson’s correlations, (2) partial correlations, and (3) hierarchical regression analyses. The results revealed that happiness and self-esteem, while highly correlated (r = 0.58), presented unique patterns of relations with the other measured variables. The best predictors of happiness were the following: mood and temperamental traits (i.e., extraversion and neuroticism), social relationships (lack of loneliness and satisfaction with friendships), purpose in life, and global life satisfaction. By contrast, self-esteem was best predicted by dispositions related to agency and motivation (i.e., optimism and lack of hopelessness). Implications for the understanding of happiness and self-esteem are discussed.
Propagation of Lg waves in the North Australian Craton: Influence of crustal velocity gradients

Abstract Aftershocks of three large earthquakes near Tennant Creek in the Northern Territory of Australia provide a unique opportunity to study regional seismic phases in the North Australian Craton. Three portable digital seismographs were operated near the source zone to provide control on earthquake locations, and seven recorders formed a line between Tennant Creek and the seismic array at Alice Springs, which is 430 km to the south. Eleven earthquakes of sufficient size for analysis were recorded during a one week deployment two months following the main shocks. The group velocity observed for Lg waves along this profile of 3.7 km / sec is at the high end of the normal range and appropriate for a stable continental interior. We estimate attenuation in discrete frequency bands by measuring the decay of amplitude as a function of distance from the source and assuming the common r −5/6 relationship for geometrical spreading. However, this assumption leads to frequency dependent Q values: Q = (230 ± 36) f (0.66 ± 0.12) that are abnormally low for a stable continental region. The apparent Q is also not consistent with other observations, such as the high Lg group velocity, the positive bias in M L estimates obtained for other parts of Australia using standard attenuation relations, the size of felt areas for large central Australian earthquakes, nor with the high frequency content of seismic reflection data collected near our profile. Some crustal models for northern Australia derived from seismic refraction work show a gradient zone between 30 and 55 km rather than a sharp Moho discontinuity. We therefore investigate the effect of gradient zones at the crust-mantle transition on the decay of Lg amplitudes using synthetic seismograms calculated with the wavenumber integral method. The modeling suggests that some of the S -wave energy that would be trapped in a crustal wave guide with a sharp lower boundary can leak out in the presence of a gradient and so enhance the attenuation. In addition, there are focusing effects due to the formation of caustics from the gradient zones which cannot be represented by a single analytic amplitude correction.
Improved bounds on Restricted isometry for compressed sensing

This paper discusses new bounds for restricted isometry property in compressed sensing. In the literature, E.J. Candès has proved that δ2s < √ 2 − 1 is a sufficient condition via l1 optimization having s-sparse vector solution. Later, many researchers have improved the sufficient conditions on δ2s or δs. In this paper, we have improved the sufficient condition to δs < 0.309 and have given the sufficient condition to δk (s < k) using an idea of Q. Mo and S. Li’ result. Furthermore, we have improved the sufficient conditions to δ2s < 0.593 and δs < 0.472 in special case.
Photoreceptor Dysplasia: An Inherited Progressive Retinal Atrophy of Miniature Schnauzer Dogs

A progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) affecting Miniature Schnauzer dogs is reported. Of the 287 individuals (148 female, 139 male) comprising the study population, 66 (23 percent) were affected (33 female, 33 male) and 221 animals (115 female, 106 male) were phenotypically normal. There was no sex predilection for the disease. Results of histologic and electroretinographic studies indicate that the disease is a new and different type of PRA, characterized by unique morphologic and functional deficits during rod and cone development. Accordingly, the disease has been termed photoreceptor dysplasia. Clinically, and particularly ophthalmoscopically, diagnosis is only practicable in very late stages of the disease. Electroretinography, however, can provide evidence of the disease in dogs at least as young as 8 weeks of age. Pedigree analysis and test-mating studies conclusively establish that inheritance is autosomal recessive. The gene symbol pd (for photoreceptor dysplasia) is assigned.
Inequalities of Noether type for 3-folds of general type

If X is a smooth complex projective 3-fold with ample canonical divisor K, then the inequality K ≥ 2 3 (2pg − 7) holds, where pg denotes the geometric genus. This inequality is nearly sharp. We also give similar, but more complicated, inequalities for general minimal 3-folds of general type. Introduction Given a minimal surface S of general type, we have two famous inequalities, which play crucial roles in detailed analysis of surfaces. One is the BogomolovMiyaoka-Yau inequality K S ≤ 9χ(S) ([M1], [Y1], [Y2]), while the other is the classical Noether inequality K S ≥ 2pg − 4 ≥ 2χ(X)− 6. The fundamental importance of these inequalities in mind, M. Reid asked in 1980s Question 1. What would be the right analogue of the Noether inequality in dimension three? Let X be a minimal threefold. If KX is Cartier and very ample, then K 3 X ≥ 2pg−6 by Clifford’s theorem applied to the intersection curve cut out by two general members of |KX |. In 1992, Kobayashi [Kob] studied Gorenstein canonical 3-folds and obtained an effective, but partial, upper bound ofK X in terms of pg(X) for such varieties. One of his discoveries is that too naive a generalization of the classical Noether inequality is in general false; there are a series of smooth projective 3-folds X with ample canonical divisor such that K X = 2 3 (2pg(X)− 5), (pg(X) = 7, 10, 13, · · · ). (0.1) In what follows, we show that Kobayashi’s examples indeed attain the minima of K X , provided X is smooth and KX is ample: Corollary 2. If X is a smooth complex projective 3-fold with ample canonical divisor. Then K X ≥ 2 3 (2pg(X)− 7). When X is not necessarily smooth, we have the following 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 14J30
IDENTIC Corpus: Morphologically Enriched Indonesian-English Parallel Corpus

This paper describes the creation process of an Indonesian-English parallel corpus (IDENTIC). The corpus contains 45,000 sentences collected from different sources in different genres. Several manual text preprocessing tasks, such as alignment and spelling correction, are applied to the corpus to assure its quality. We also apply language specific text processing such as tokenization on both sides and clitic normalization on the Indonesian side. The corpus is available in two different formats: plain', stored in text format and morphologically enriched', stored in CoNLL format. Some parts of the corpus are publicly available at the IDENTIC homepage.
DksA involvement in transcription fidelity buffers stochastic epigenetic change

DksA is an auxiliary transcription factor that interacts with RNA polymerase and influences gene expression. Depending on the promoter, DksA can be a positive or negative regulator of transcription initiation. Moreover, DksA has a substantial effect on transcription elongation where it prevents the collision of transcription and replication machineries, plays a key role in maintaining transcription elongation when translation and transcription are uncoupled and has been shown to be involved in transcription fidelity. Here, we assessed the role of DksA in transcription fidelity by monitoring stochastic epigenetic switching in the lac operon (with and without an error-prone transcription slippage sequence), partial phenotypic suppression of a lacZ nonsense allele, as well as monitoring the number of lacI mRNA transcripts produced in the presence and absence of DksA via an operon fusion and single molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization studies. We present data showing that DksA acts to maintain transcription fidelity in vivo and the role of DksA seems to be distinct from that of the GreA and GreB transcription fidelity factors.
Body Mass Index Trajectories among Middle-Aged and Elderly Canadians and Associated Health Outcomes

Background. Whether there is heterogeneity in the development of BMI from middle-age onward is still unknown. The primary aim of this study is to analyze long-term obesity and how BMI trajectories are associated with health outcomes in midlife. Methods. Latent Class Growth Modelling was used to capture the changes in BMI over time. In this study, 3070 individuals from the National Population Health Survey (NPHS), aged 40–55 years at baseline, were included. Results. Four BMI trajectory groups, “Normal-Stable” (N-S), “Overweight-Stable” (OV-S), “Obese I-Stable” (OB I-S), and “Obese II-Stable” (OB II-S), were identified. Men, persons of White ancestry, and individuals who had no postsecondary education had higher odds of being in the latter three groups. Moreover, members of the OV-S, OB I-S, and OB II-S groups experienced more asthma, arthritis, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, cognitive impairment, and reduced self-rated overall health. Individuals in the OB II-S group were at greater risk for back problems, chronic bronchitis or emphysema, and emotional issues when compared to the N-S group. Conclusion. Understanding different BMI trajectories is important in order to identify people who are at the highest risk of developing comorbidities due to obesity and to establish programs to intervene appropriately.
AVE 0991, a Nonpeptide Mimic of the Effects of Angiotensin-(1–7) on the Endothelium

Abstract—Recently, we demonstrated that the heptapeptide angiotensin-(1–7) (Ang-[1–7]) exhibits a favorable kinetic of nitric oxide (NO) release accompanied by extremely low superoxide (O2−) production. In this report we describe AVE 0991, a novel nonpeptide compound that evoked effects similar to Ang-(1–7) on the endothelium. AVE 0991 and unlabeled Ang-(1–7) competed for high-affinity binding of [125I]-Ang-(1–7) to bovine aortic endothelial cell membranes with IC50 values of 21±35 and 220±280 nmol/L, respectively. Stimulated NO and O2− release from bovine aortic endothelial cells was directly and simultaneously measured on the cell surface by selective electrochemical nanosensors. Peak concentrations of NO and O2− release by AVE 0991 and Ang-(1–7) (both 10 &mgr;mol/L) were not significantly different (NO: 295±20 and 270±25 nmol/L; O2−: 18±2 and 20±4 nmol/L). However, the released amount of bioactive NO was ≈5 times higher for AVE 0991 in comparison to Ang-(1–7). The selective Ang-(1–7) antagonist [D-Ala7]-Ang-(1–7) inhibited the AVE 0991–induced NO and O2− production by ≈50%. A similar inhibition level was observed for the Ang II AT1 receptor antagonist EXP 3174. In contrast, the Ang II AT2 receptor antagonist PD 123,177 inhibited the AVE 0991–stimulated NO production by ≈90% but without any inhibitory effect on O2− production. Both NO and O2− production were inhibited by NO synthase inhibition (≈70%) and by bradykinin B2 receptor blockade (≈80%). AVE 0991 efficiently mimics the effects of Ang-(1–7) on the endothelium, most probably through stimulation of a specific, endothelial Ang-(1–7)-sensitive binding site causing kinin-mediated activation of endothelial NO synthase.
Argument, Counterargument, and Integration? Patterns of Argument Reappraisal in Controversial Classroom Discussions

Being challenged by opposing views in a controversial discussion can stimulate the production of more elaborate and sophisticated argumentations. According to the model of argument reappraisal (Leitao, 2000), such processes require transactivity, meaning that students do not only give reasons to support their own position (e.g., pro/contra argument) but also try to refute the opponent’s claims (e.g., counterargument) and respond to critique (e.g., integration). However, there is little research in the field of political education that systematically examines how processes of argument reappraisal unfold in student-centered classroom discussions when students were asked to defend (randomly) assigned positions (pro/contra). In this study, four civic education classes (8th/9th grade) in Germany received the same standardized political learning unit and conducted a controversial fishbowl discussion. A total of 452 argumentative moves were coded for argumentative transactivity. The characteristics of this type of discourse will be described regarding the use of argumentative moves and the complexity of argumentations. Explorative sequential analyses revealed five patterns of argument reappraisal that will be illustrated by transcript excerpts.
SECONDARY RADIATION FROM THE PAMELA/ATIC EXCESS AND RELEVANCE FOR FERMI

The excess of electrons/positrons observed by the Pamela and ATIC experiments gives rise to a noticeable amount of synchrotron and inverse Compton scattering (ICS) radiation when the e+e− interact with the Galactic magnetic field, and the interstellar radiation field (ISRF). In particular, the ICS signal produced within the weakly interacting, massive particle annihilation interpretation of the Pamela/ATIC excess shows already some tension with the EGRET data. On the other hand, one year of Fermi data taking will be enough to rule out or confirm this scenario with a high confidence level. The ICS radiation produces a peculiar and clean “ICS Haze” feature, as well, which can be used to discriminate between the astrophysical and dark matter (DM) scenarios. This ICS signature is very prominent even several degrees away from the galactic center, and it is thus a very robust prediction with respect to the choice of the DM profile and the uncertainties in the ISRF.
Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection in Areas with a High Prevalence of HCV in the Republic of Korea in 2013

Background/Aims The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Busan, Gyeongnam, and Jeonnam Provinces in Korea is more than twice the national average. This study aimed to examine whether demographic and lifestyle characteristics are associated with HCV infection in these areas. Methods A case control study was performed at three study hospitals. HCV cases were matched with two controls for sex and age. Patient controls were selected from non-HCV patients at the same hospital. Healthy controls were subjects participating in medical checkups. Conditional logistic regression models were used. Results A total of 234 matched-case and patient- and healthy-control pairs were analyzed. The significant risk factors for both controls were sharing razors (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.39 and 3.29, respectively) and having more than four lifetime sexual partners (aOR, 2.15 and 6.89, respectively). Contact dockworkers (aOR, 1.91) and tattoos (aOR, 2.20) were significant risk factors for the patient controls. Transfusion (aOR, 5.38), a bloody operation (aOR, 5.02), acupuncture (aOR, 2.08), and piercing (aOR, 5.95) were significant risk factors for the healthy controls. Needle stick injuries and intravenous drug abuse were significant in the univariate analysis. Conclusions More education concerning the dangers of sharing razors, tattoos and piercings is required to prevent HCV infection. More attention should be paid to needle stick injuries in hospitals and the community.
Leader traits and attributes.

T he concept of leader traits and attributes is indeed an old one, predating the scientific study of leadership and reaching back into antiquity, across several early civilizations (Bass, 1990; Zaccaro, in press). For example, in Chinese literature from the 6th century B.C., Lao-tzu described the qualities of effective leaders (Hieder, 1985). The wise leader, according to Lao-tzu, was to be selfless, hardworking, honest, able to time the appropriateness of actions, fair in handling conflict, and able to " empower " others (to use a more current vernacular). Early and medieval mythology (e.g., Homer's Iliad and Odyssey; Alfred, Lord Tennyson's Idylls of the King) focused on the attributes of heroes, whereas biblical writing emphasized wisdom and service to others as leadership qualities. Plato's Republic (1960) emphasized that in the ideal nation-state, effective leaders used reasoning capacities and wisdom to lead others. He offered a lifelong " assessment plan " to help select such leaders (the first leader selection program? ). His student Aristotle argued in Politics (1900) that leaders were to help others seek virtue; they would do so by themselves being virtuous. He offered a plan for educating future governors (the first leader development program? ). Niccolò Machiavelli, in The Prince (1513/1954), defined power and the ability of leaders to understand social situations and to manipulate them in the practice of leadership as key leader attributes. Contrary to Aristotle, Machiavelli suggested slyness as a leader attribute, prescribing that leaders use less than virtuous means of gaining power and social legitimacy if more virtuous means were inadequate. Bass (1990) noted in his review that notions about leader qualities could be found in early Egyptian, Babylonian, Asian, and Icelandic sagas. Wondering about and identifying the qualities of the effective leader, the great hero, or the wise monarch, then, preoccupied the earliest thinkers and storytellers. The scientific modeling of this question perhaps began with Galton (1869), who examined the correlated status of leaders and geniuses across generations. He defined extraordinary intelligence as a key leader attribute and argued that such leader qualities were inherited, not developed. He also proposed eugenics, which relied on selective mating to produce individuals with the best combination of leadership qualities. Terman (1904) produced the first empirical study of leadership, examining the qualities that differentiated leaders from nonleaders in schoolchildren. He reported such attributes as verbal fluency, intelligence, low emotionality, daring, congeniality, goodness, and liveliness as characterizing youthful leaders. Similar …
Achievement Goal Theory

As psychologists have become increasingly interested in cognitive approaches to understanding motivation, so Achievement Goal Theory (AGT) has emerged to play a prominent role in the contemporary sport psychology literature and is now one of the most popular theories applied in this context (Roberts et al., 2007). In contrast with many other models and theories that only highlight the positive side of intrinsic motivation, AGT instead makes a distinction between types of motives or goal orientations that could be either harmful or helpful.
Does Aid for Education Educate Children? Evidence from Panel Data

This paper empirically analyzes the impact of aid on education for about 100 countries over the period 1970-2005. We estimate a system of equations to test whether and to what extent the impact of sector-specific aid on educational attainment depends on (i) the extent to which aid adds to overall educational expenditure of the recipient government, (ii) the strength of the link between government expenditure and education, (iii) the quality of institutions in the recipient country, and (iv) whether aid encourages institutional reforms. According to our results, aid significantly increases primary school enrolment. This result is robust to the method of estimation, employing instruments to control for the endogeneity of aid, and the measure of institutional quality employed. The degree of institutional quality, however, has no robust impact on this relationship.