Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experiences of Mothers Who Are Child Sexual Abuse Survivors: A Qualitative Exploration

Child sexual abuse has been associated with a number of problems affecting women over their lifespan, including difficulties with parenting. However, there is a modest number of qualitative studies examining the impact of child sexual abuse on survivors who are mothers. There is a particular need for qualitative investigations that ask survivors who are mothers general questions about the impact of child sexual abuse on their lives rather than those that specifically ask about the impact of child sexual abuse on parenting. The former approach would allow survivors to describe effects that may impact parenting but that survivors do not consciously link to affecting their parenting. Such information may inform interventions to assist this population of survivors. This secondary data analysis examined themes revealed in interviews with 44 survivors of child sexual abuse who were mothers. Participants were seeking treatment for their child sexual abuse and completed an in-person interview in which they were asked open-ended questions about the sexual abuse they experienced as a child and how their abuse affects them now as adults. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded using thematic analysis. The following six themes emerged from the narratives: (a) being a parent, (b) family of origin dysfunction, (c) the impact of abuse, (d) the abuse history and response to abuse, (e) coping, and (f) hopes and desires for the future. This study highlights several ways in which child sexual abuse impacts survivors who are mothers, areas for further study, and the need for interventions to assist this population in meeting the challenges they face as mothers.
Time to pregnancy among the wives of Finnish greenhouse workers.

OBJECTIVES This study investigated the possibility of men's work in greenhouses and their exposure to pesticides being associated with reduced fertility. METHODS A study on time to pregnancy was conducted among the families of Finnish male greenhouse employers and employees. Exposure to pesticides was assessed on the basis of questionnaire information and data gathered from the enterprises. Fecundability density ratios (FDR) for occupational exposure were calculated with discrete proportional hazards regression analyses. RESULTS After three mailings, 578 (43%) couples participated. Fecundability was suggestively decreased for exposed greenhouse workers who were inefficiently protected, with FDR values of 0.67 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.33-1.35], 0.92 [95% CI 0.45-1.88] and 0.77 [95% CI 0.46-1.29] for high exposure, moderate exposure and low exposure, respectively, as compared with unexposed greenhouse workers. The exposed men who efficiently used personal protective equipment were as fertile as the unexposed greenhouse workers. Exposure to pyrethroids (FDR 0.40, 95% CI 0.19-0.85) was related to decreased fecundability. Suggestive associations were observed for organophosphates (FDR 0.70, 95% CI 0.42-1.17) and carbamates (FDR 0.55, 95% CI 0.27-1.11). CONCLUSIONS The findings of the study provide limited support for the hypothesis that exposure to pesticides is associated with reduced fertility. The findings for pyrethroids, organophosphates, and carbamates can serve as a basis for a hypothesis for future studies.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Antiphospholipid Antibodies Induce a Pro‐Inflammatory Response in First Trimester Trophoblast Via the TLR4/MyD88 Pathway

Problem Women with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are at risk for recurrent miscarriage, pre‐eclampsia, and pre‐term labor. aPL target the placenta directly by binding to beta2‐glycoprotein I (β2GPI) expressed on the surface of trophoblast cells. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of aPL on trophoblast function and the mechanisms involved.
Risk and Adoption of Hybrid Maize in El Salvador

An enduring concern in economic development is the extent to which risk impedes adoption of new technologies and slows the rate of yield expansion in the production of food crops. Almost by definition, poor farmers in developing countries are associated with a reluctance to take risks, presumably because risk taking would jeopardize their subsistence. This association implies that lowincome farmers will not change their more stable, lower-return traditional techniques for riskier, more profitable practices and varieties. What J. A. Roumasset (1979c) calls the conventional wisdom that risk retards adoption has been proposed in several variations, and it seems to have lasting appeal in the development literature. Several contributors to a book edited by C. R. Wharton, Jr. formally advanced the risk-inhibits-innovation hypothesis in 1969, J. c. Scott constructed a political theory of moral economy on the subsistence ethic in 1976, and J. K. Galbraith in 1979 concluded that aversion to risk represents an important explanation for poverty in the developing nations. Until recently, knowledge about the relation among poverty, risk, and adoption was founded on a concensus of speculation, casual observation, and hypothetical intuition. In the last ten years, speculation has gradually given way to an embryonic but rapidly expanding body of empirical measurement. This paper begins with a brief summary of some of the recent empirical work relevant to risk and the development and transfer of technology. The discussion in the survey embraces two risk-related issues confronting practitioners who make "microscopic" decisions on technological policy in developing countries. Should technical scientists in national agricultural research programs design fundamentally different technologies to accommodate different risk attitudes of farmers? Should corrective policy such as a crop insurance scheme be carried out when the adoption of technical recommendations falls short of expectations. The literature review accents some of the dimensions to these questions and thus builds an analytical framework for a case study on risk and adoption of maize
Signet ring cell cancer in a patient with Russell body gastritis – a possible diagnostic pitfall

ing colon. Endoscopic gastric biopsies were obtained on three different visits over a period of 3 years, and were named biopsy 1, biopsy 2, and biopsy 3. Helicobacter pylori phenotyping was performed by serological assay on all three visits. Light microscopy of biopsy 1 revealed mild chronic pangastritis, intestinal metaplasia (IM) and atrophy in the body and cardia, and no pseudolipomatosis foci. Biopsies 2 and 3 revealed moderate chronic gastritis and IM, and marked atrophy in the body and cardia. In both biopsies, empty-looking, clear, oval-shaped vacuoles, 50–100 lm in size, were observed in the cardiac mucosa (Figure 1A,B). Some of these vacuoles coalesced to form an occasional large submucosal vacuole. These vacuoles were associated with mild fibroblastic proliferation. In the second case, mild pangastritis, IM and atrophy were detected in the corpus mucosa, whereas, in the third case, no atrophy or IM was observed. These cases also showed pseudolipomatosis foci, like the index case. Follow-up biopsy of the second case did not reveal any pseudolipomatosis foci in the gastric mucosa, and the third case is still under follow-up. Immunohistochemically, the lining of these pseudoadipocytic vacuoles expressed CD34 (Figure 1C,D). However, S100, factor VIII and Pim-1 were not expressed. Previously, Alper et al. and Belinli et al. proposed that pseudolipomatosis in the stomach may be associated with H. pylori infection. However, Stebbing and Wyatt reported a case of pseudolipomatosis in the gastric body associated with severe atrophy and extensive IM, and negative for H. pylori infection. In our index case, the H. pylori phenotype was negative both histologically and serologically, and the lesion was associated with moderate to marked IM and atrophy, similar to the case of Stebbing and Wyatt. Immunohistochemically, the lining of the pseudolipocytic vacuoles was positive for CD34. CD34 is a transmembrane glycoprotein detected in haematopoietic progenitor cells, endothelium, endoneurium, and stromal cells. Its expression in our case suggests involvement of the residual fibroblasts. The lining of the vacuoles was negative for both S100 and Pim-1, ruling out any adipocytic nature of this condition. In addition, the lack of factor VIII expression argues against a possible vascular nature. To summarize, we suggest that pseudolipomatosis stomachalis is a reactive fibroblastic lesion observed on a background of metaplastic and atrophic gastric mucosa. This lesion is likely to be precipitated by repeated endoscopy in a previously thinned out atrophic gastric mucosa, leading to the migration of gas in the lamina propria, at least in some cases, as indicated by case 1 in our study.
[Validity of a complex soccer-specific field test and a non-specific sprint test-assessments for test and match performance].

BACKGROUND Soccer assessments often lack specificity and complexity. Examinations of validity for soccer assessments, based on the relation between test and match performance, are available although they are scarce. A complex soccer-specific field test which is validated cannot be found in the literature at all. OBJECTIVE The aim of this follow-up study was to assess the validity of a soccer-specific complexity test (FBKT) and a repeated non-specific sprint test (ST) based on three gold standards: match performance, coach ranking, and league affiliation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A German fourth league soccer team (n = 14) was assessed using FBKT and ST in the pre-season for the second half of the 2010/2011 season. Afterwards, their performance in 17 matches was evaluated using video analysis in order to compare them with the test parameters (e. g., pass/assist ratio, goals, duelling behaviour). Eighteen months later, the league affiliation of all players was identified and the coach evaluated the tested players. RESULTS With regard to match performance, playing time was proved to be the most suitable parameter for validating the test performance (FBKT, ST). The total and minimum times of ST were the most powerful parameters in relation to playing time and explained 50 % and 46 % of the variance, respectively. Concerning the FBKT, the parameters "sum of all linear sprints" (24 %) and "total time of all activity series with penalty time in round two" (22 %) explained the highest amount of variance. Coach ranking generated significant odds ratios for the minimum time of ST (OR = 6.5; CI: 3.2 - 5.2 × 1015; p = 0.037), and total time of speed dribbling of the FBKT (OR = 1.3; CI: 1.2 - 199.5; p = 0.036) based on a proportional-odds model. With regard to league affiliation, significant odds ratios occurred with the following parameters: minimum time of ST (OR = 15.8; CI: 2.16 - 115.4; p = 0.007); total time of ST (OR = 3.28; CI: 1.31 - 8.21; p = 0.011); and, total time of speed dribbling for the FBKT (OR = 1.3; CI: 1.01 - 1.61; p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the larger logical validity of soccer-specific complex tests does not necessarily translate to a larger construct validity, as compared to non-specific tests. However, their value is not limited to performance evaluation. The FBKT provides valuable information concerning training process control. It is possible that its low validity is caused by the poor performance of the players in soccer-specific consequences of actions (centres, goals) due to the restricted differentiation of players.
The Impact of Organizational Culture and Reshaping Capabilities on Change Implementation Success: The Mediating Role of Readiness for Change

It was hypothesized that employees' perceptions of an organizational culture strong in human relations values and open systems values would be associated with heightened levels of readiness for change which, in turn, would be predictive of change implementation success. Similarly, it was predicted that reshaping capabilities would lead to change implementation success, via its effects on employees' perceptions of readiness for change. Using a temporal research design, these propositions were tested for 67 employees working in a state government department who were about to undergo the implementation of a new end-user computing system in their workplace. Change implementation success was operationalized as user satisfaction and system usage. There was evidence to suggest that employees who perceived strong human relations values in their division at Time 1 reported higher levels of readiness for change at pre-implementation which, in turn, predicted system usage at Time 2. In addition, readiness for change mediated the relationship between reshaping capabilities and system usage. Analyses also revealed that pre-implementation levels of readiness for change exerted a positive main effect on employees' satisfaction with the system's accuracy, user friendliness, and formatting functions at post-implementation. These findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical contribution to the readiness for change literature, and in relation to the practical importance of developing positive change attitudes among employees if change initiatives are to be successful.
Proteomic Identification of a Novel Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA Binding Protein That Regulates a Putative Transcription Factor

ABSTRACT Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the etiologic agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, is an obligatory intracellular bacterium. Little is known about the gene regulatory mechanisms for this bacterium. A gene encoding a putative transcription factor, tr1, upstream of three tandem genes encoding outer membrane proteins, including the major outer membrane protein P44, is driven by a strong promoter. In the present study, gel mobility shift assays revealed the presence of A. phagocytophilum proteins that interact with the promoter region of tr1. These proteins interacting with the tr1 promoter region were purified by biotin-labeled DNA affinity chromatography from a large amount of host cell-free bacteria. Mass spectrometry identified the major protein as an A. phagocytophilum 12.5-kDa hypothetical protein, which was named ApxR. In a DNase I protection assay, recombinant ApxR (rApxR) bound cooperatively to four 24- or 25-bp sites within 235 bp upstream of tr1: regions III and IV proximal to tr1 had higher affinity than regions I and II did. Deletion assays showed that regions III and IV were essential for rApxR binding, whereas regions I and II upstream of regions III and IV were not. The primary cis-acting region was region IV, since region IV alone was sufficient for rApxR to strongly transactivate the downstream gene in a lacZ reporter assay. Addition of regions I, II, and III did not enhance transactivation. These results show that ApxR is a novel transcriptional regulator that directly regulates tr1.
Female breast cancer management and survival: The experience of major public hospitals in South Australia over 3 decades—trends by age and in the elderly

BACKGROUND Clinical registry data from major South Australian public hospitals were used to investigate trends in invasive breast-cancer treatment and survival by age. METHODS Disease-specific survival was calculated for the 1980 to 2013 diagnostic period using Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimates, with a censoring of live cases on December 31, 2014. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine differences in survival by age and tumour characteristic. First-round treatments following diagnosis were analysed, using multiple logistic regression to adjust for confounding. RESULTS Five-year survival increased from 75% in the 1980s to 87% in 2000 to 2013, consistent with national trends, and with increases occurring irrespective of age. There was an increased use of breast conserving surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone treatments. Five-year survival was lower for women aged 80+ years, increasing from 65% in the 1980s to 74% in 2000 to 2013. Lower survival in these older women persisted after adjusting for TNM stage, other clinical variables, and diagnostic year, without evidence of a reduced disparity over time. Older women were less likely to have surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy throughout 1980 to 2013. By comparison, their use of hormone therapy was elevated. The adjusted relative odds of mastectomy (as opposed to breast conserving surgery) were lower for the 80+ year age range. CONCLUSIONS Breast-cancer survival increases applied to all ages, including 80+ years, but poorer outcomes persisted in this older group and the gap did not reduce. A key question is whether the best trade-off now exists between optimally therapeutic cancer treatment and accommodations for frailty and co-morbidity in the aged, or whether opportunities exist for better trade-offs and better survival. Local registry data are important for describing local service activity and outcomes by age for local service providers, health administrations and consumer groups; monitoring disparities; and indicating effects of local initiatives.
Comparison of changes in erythrocyte and platelet phospholipid and fatty acid composition and protein oxidation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma

Objective: To analyse and compare the phospholipid and fatty acid composition of total lipids and the occurrence of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation directly in erythrocytes or platelets from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma patients. Patients: Fifteen consecutive outpatients with COPD (all smokers) and asthma (non-smokers) recruited during a moderate-to-severe (COPD) or moderate (asthma) exacerbation. Fifteen subjects with smoking habits similar to those of COPD patients were studied as a control group. Methods: Phospholipid and total fatty acid compositions were analysed by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography or gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, respectively. The lipid fluorescence of lipid extracts was measured by spectrofluorimetry. Protein carbonyl contents and profiles were measured by immunoblot detection. Results: No differences were found either in erythrocyte or platelet cholesterol or phospholipid levels. Only a decrease in the content of phosphatidylserine + phosphatidylinositol (P < 0.003) was detected in platelets from the asthma patients. In erythrocytes, the fatty acid profile changed in both lung pathologies, especially as regards polyunsaturated fatty acids (decreases in arachidonic and 22:4 fatty acid contents). Other observed changes were: COPD, an increase in palmitic fatty acid; asthma, an increase in oleic and decreases in eicosapentaenoic and 22:6 + 24:1 fatty acids. In platelets, the fatty acid profiles revealed many differences between both lung pathologies: COPD, a decrease in 18:1 and increases in 20:5 and 22:5 + 24:0; asthma, a decrease in 20:4 and increase in 22:6 + 24:1. In COPD vs. asthma patients, fatty acid changes were mainly detected in platelets, especially in 18-carbon species, with decreases in stearic and 18:1 fatty acids in the COPD patients. Protein oxidation levels were increased in both lung pathologies in both erythrocytes and platelets. Conclusions: COPD and asthma are associated with common or specific changes in the lipid composition of erythrocytes and/or platelets. The data point to lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation phenomena in both types of blood cell, although platelets would be more susceptible to stress.
Skill Polarization in Local Labor Markets Under Share‐Altering Technical Change

type="main"> This paper considers the “share-altering” technical change hypothesis in a spatial general equilibrium model where individuals have different levels of skills. Building on a simple Cobb-Douglas production function, our model shows that the implementation of skill-biased technologies requires a sufficient proportion of highly educated individuals. Moreover, when technical progress disproportionately replaces middle-skill jobs, the local distribution of skills will exhibit “fat-tails,” where the proportion of both highly skilled and low-skilled workers increases. These and several other predictions of the model are consistent with recent existing evidence, and avoid some major criticism against the “canonical” CES framework.
Individual differences in associative memory among older adults explained by hippocampal subfield structure and function

Significance Older adults differ in the degree to which they experience memory impairments, but the underlying factors contributing to this variability remain unclear. Motivated by the essential role of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in declarative memory, we investigated whether episodic memory differences among older adults can be explained by differences in MTL subfield structure and function. Using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, we demonstrated that a combination of structural and functional subfield measures significantly accounted for differences in memory performance. These findings advance understanding of how independent but converging influences of both MTL structure and function contribute to age-related impairment in episodic memory, complementing findings in the rodent and human postmortem literatures. Older adults experience impairments in episodic memory, ranging from mild to clinically significant. Given the critical role of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in episodic memory, age-related changes in MTL structure and function may partially account for individual differences in memory. Using ultra–high-field 7T structural MRI and high-resolution 3T functional MRI (hr-fMRI), we evaluated MTL subfield thickness and function in older adults representing a spectrum of cognitive health. Participants performed an associative memory task during hr-fMRI in which they encoded and later retrieved face–name pairs. Motivated by prior research, we hypothesized that differences in performance would be explained by the following: (i) entorhinal cortex (ERC) and CA1 apical neuropil layer [CA1–stratum radiatum lacunosum moleculare (SRLM)] thickness, and (ii) activity in ERC and the dentate gyrus (DG)/CA3 region. Regression analyses revealed that this combination of factors significantly accounted for variability in memory performance. Among these metrics, CA1-SRLM thickness was positively associated with memory, whereas DG/CA3 retrieval activity was negatively associated with memory. Furthermore, including structural and functional metrics in the same model better accounted for performance than did single-modality models. These results advance the understanding of how independent but converging influences of both MTL subfield structure and function contribute to age-related memory impairment, complementing findings in the rodent and human postmortem literatures.