Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automated Cell Lineage Construction: A Rapid Method to Analyze Clonal Development Established with Murine Neural Progenitor Cells

Understanding cell lineage relationships is fundamental to understanding development, and can shed light on disease etiology and progression. We present a method for automated tracking of lineages of proliferative, migrating cells from a sequence of images. The method is applicable to image sequences gathered either in vitro or in vivo. Currently, generating lineage trees from progenitor cells over time is a tedious, manual process, which limits the number of cell measurements that can be practically analyzed. In contrast, the automated method is rapid and easily applied, and produces a wealth of measurements including the precise position, shape, cell-cell contacts, motility and ancestry of each cell in every frame, and accurate timings of critical events, e.g. mitosis and cell death. Furthermore, it automatically produces graphical output that is immediately accessible. Application to clonal development of mouse neural progenitor cells growing in cell culture reveals complex changes in cell cycle rates during neuron and glia production. The method enables a level of quantitative analysis of cell behavior over time that was previously infeasible.
Crianças e adolescentes institucionalizados: desempenho escolar, satisfação de vida e rede de apoio social

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of institutionalized youth and their families. The participants were 155 institutionalized children and adolescents, aged from 7 to 16 years old, from shelters in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre/RS. Data collection was accomplished through structured interviews, the Academic Achievement Test, the Life Satisfaction Scale and the Five Field Map. Early experimentation of drugs, poor school performances and high levels of school failure were observed among the adolescents. Families presented low educational levels, informal jobs and unemployment. Positive contacts and high life satisfaction in the institution may indicate that the institutional acceptance constitutes a source of support and satisfaction. Intervention programs for the development of those youth and for empowerment of their families are discussed.
Dilemmas of Discourse-Oriented Teaching in One Middle School Mathematics Classroom

In this article we focus on the middle school mathematics lessons of 1 teacher who has been relatively successful at instituting discourse-oriented teaching in her mathematics classes over a 3-year period. Data include transcripts of videotaped lessons, field notes from observations of those lessons, and interviews with the teacher, all collected as part of documentation efforts for the Quantitative Understanding: Amplifying Student Achievement and Reasoning (QUASAR) project. We describe how the teacher provided both analytic scaffolding (help in structuring mathematical ideas) and social scaffolding (help in establishing norms for social behaviors) for 3 classes of roughly 30 at-risk students. We demonstrate how the teacher provided less analytic scaffolding for her students because of a well-intended focus on social scaffolding. We note occasions on which the classroom returned to a more traditional orientation, in contrast to the reform orientation the teacher worked to develop. We also discuss ways in which this result highlights parallels between current reform efforts and past studies of discovery learning. We hope to contribute to the theoretical discussion of reform and to suggest ways in which implementation efforts might benefit from midcourse adjustments.
Intraindividual Variability and Level of Performance in Four Visuo-Spatial Working Memory Tasks

Intraindividual variability and level of performance in accuracy of four visuo-spatial working memory tasks were examined in sixty-two young adults. The objective was to study the relationships between intraindividual variability and level of performance and to assess whether intraindividual variability is a useful marker of cognitive functioning. Correlational and factor analyses were performed. Confirmatory factor analyses rejected a two-factor representation, with a first factor representing level of performance and a second factor representing intraindividual variability. The best fitting model specified one factor per task and estimated significant within-task correlations of intraindividual variability residual scores. Overall, these findings are consistent with the view that performance variability provides valuable information independent of level of performance and different from noise.
Effects of Groundwater Development on Uranium: Central Valley, California, USA

Uranium (U) concentrations in groundwater in several parts of the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California, have exceeded federal and state drinking water standards during the last 20 years. The San Joaquin Valley is located within the Central Valley of California and is one of the most productive agricultural areas in the world. Increased irrigation and pumping associated with agricultural and urban development during the last 100 years have changed the chemistry and magnitude of groundwater recharge, and increased the rate of downward groundwater movement. Strong correlations between U and bicarbonate suggest that U is leached from shallow sediments by high bicarbonate water, consistent with findings of previous work in Modesto, California. Summer irrigation of crops in agricultural areas and, to lesser extent, of landscape plants and grasses in urban areas, has increased Pco2 concentrations in the soil zone and caused higher temperature and salinity of groundwater recharge. Coupled with groundwater pumping, this process, as evidenced by increasing bicarbonate concentrations in groundwater over the last 100 years, has caused shallow, young groundwater with high U concentrations to migrate to deeper parts of the groundwater system that are tapped by public‐supply wells. Continued downward migration of U‐affected groundwater and expansion of urban centers into agricultural areas will likely be associated with increased U concentrations in public‐supply wells. The results from this study illustrate the potential long‐term effects of groundwater development and irrigation‐supported agriculture on water quality in arid and semiarid regions around the world.
The case for retaining borderline personality disorder as a psychiatric diagnosis

The paper by Tyrer (2009) suggests that borderline personality disorder (BPD) is neither borderline nor a personality disorder. We agree—at least partially. The term ‘borderline’ has historical signifi cance, but does not describe any meaningful border, and BPD differs from most personality disorders in being associated with a wide range of disabling symptoms (Paris, 2007, 2008a). However, it does not follow that BPD should be reclassifi ed as a mood disorder or that it should be eliminated from the diagnostic system.
How Guilt Level Affects Green Advertising Effectiveness?

The study employed a between-subject post-test only experimental design to examine whether guilt appeal levels affected green advertising effectiveness measured by consumers’ attitude towards the advertisement and the brand. Furthermore, guilt-aroused feelings were examined for their effects. The study was conducted among 121 students in a large public university in the southwest of the United States (US). Empirical results supported the effects of guilt appeal on green advertising effectiveness. Participants were found to have more favourable attitudes towards the green advertisement and advertised brand when exposed to a low guilt advertisement than to a high guilt advertisement. Among three guilt-induced feelings, angry–irritated emotion and self-conscious emotion were found to moderate consumers’ attitudes towards the green advertisement and the advertised brand.
Cement Leakage in Percutaneous Vertebral Augmentation for Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures: Analysis of Risk Factors

Study Design:The risk factors for cement leakage were retrospectively reviewed in 192 patients who underwent percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA). Objective:To discuss the factors related to the cement leakage in PVA procedure for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Summary of Background Data:PVA is widely applied for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Cement leakage is a major complication of this procedure. The risk factors for cement leakage were controversial. Materials and Methods:A retrospective review of 192 patients who underwent PVA was conducted. The following data were recorded: age, sex, bone density, number of fractured vertebrae before surgery, number of treated vertebrae, severity of the treated vertebrae, operative approach, volume of injected bone cement, preoperative vertebral compression ratio, preoperative local kyphosis angle, intraosseous clefts, preoperative vertebral cortical bone defect, and ratio and type of cement leakage. To study the correlation between each factor and cement leakage ratio, bivariate regression analysis was employed to perform univariate analysis, whereas multivariate linear regression analysis was employed to perform multivariate analysis. Results:The study included 192 patients (282 treated vertebrae), and cement leakage occurred in 100 vertebrae (35.46%). The vertebrae with preoperative cortical bone defects generally exhibited higher cement leakage ratio, and the leakage is typically type C. Vertebrae with intact cortical bones before the procedure tend to experience type S leakage. Univariate analysis showed that patient age, bone density, number of fractured vertebrae before surgery, and vertebral cortical bone were associated with cement leakage ratio (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the main factors influencing bone cement leakage are bone density and vertebral cortical bone defect, with standardized partial regression coefficients of −0.085 and 0.144, respectively. Conclusion:High bone density and vertebral cortical bone defect are independent risk factors associated with bone cement leakage.
Design and Implementation of a 5.25GHz MIMO RF Transceiver

This paper describes the design and implementation of an RF transceiver for a 2x2 MIMO testbed. The transceiver was built with offthe-shelf components on several printed circuit boards. It has a carrier frequency of 5.25GHz and a bandwidth of 25MHz. The design flow from the specification of the transceiver to the frequency plan, the RF architecture and the actual implementation are presented. Tradeoffs in designing the transceiver are discussed and solutions are evaluated and presented. The transceiver was fully calibrated and was deployed in a series of field measurements. Results from the calibration process are shown. Hardware impairments, in particular I/Q mismatch and phase noise, are discussed and optimized on hardware and in software. Results of these optimizations are also presented.
Evidence That Dendritic Mitochondria Negatively Regulate Dendritic Branching in Pyramidal Neurons in the Neocortex

The precise branching patterns of dendritic arbors have a profound impact on information processing in individual neurons and the brain. These patterns are established by positive and negative regulation of the dendritic branching. Although the mechanisms for positive regulation have been extensively investigated, little is known about those for negative regulation. Here, we present evidence that mitochondria located in developing dendrites are involved in the negative regulation of dendritic branching. We visualized mitochondria in pyramidal neurons of the mouse neocortex during dendritic morphogenesis using in utero electroporation of a mitochondria-targeted fluorescent construct. We altered the mitochondrial distribution in vivo by overexpressing Mfn1, a mitochondrial shaping protein, or the Miro-binding domain of TRAK2 (TRAK2-MBD), a truncated form of a motor-adaptor protein. We found that dendritic mitochondria were preferentially targeted to the proximal portion of dendrites only during dendritic morphogenesis. Overexpression of Mfn1 or TRAK2-MBD depleted mitochondria from the dendrites, an effect that was accompanied by increased branching of the proximal portion of the dendrites. This dendritic abnormality cannot be accounted for by changes in the distribution of membrane trafficking organelles since the overexpression of Mfn1 did not alter the distributions of the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, or endosomes. Additionally, neither did these constructs impair neuronal viability or mitochondrial function. Therefore, our results suggest that dendritic mitochondria play a critical role in the establishment of the precise branching pattern of dendritic arbors by negatively affecting dendritic branching.
Procedures for Assessing the Validities of Tests Using the "Known-Groups" Method

If a test is "valid," one criterion could be that test scores must discriminate across groups that are theo retically known to differ. A procedure is outlined to assess the discrimination across groups that uses only information from means. The method can be applied to many published tests, it provides information that relates to the construct validity of the test, and it pre sents a way to identify how a new sample can be re lated to previous studies.
Controlling the Ecotourist in a Wild Dolphin Feeding Program: Is Education the Answer?

The effectiveness of an education program for tourists who hand-feed wild dolphins at Tangalooma, Moreton Island, in eastern Australia, was evaluated. Data were gathered on tourist behavior during feeding sessions before and after the education policy was implemented. Results demonstrated that, after implementation of the education program, inappropriate behaviors such as touching of dolphins were significantly reduced. The study supports the claim that education is an important strategy when compliance with management regulations is necessary to protect wildlife in ecotourism settings.
Testing a Model of Performance Appraisal Fit on Attitudinal Outcomes

The purpose of this study was to test the effects of the congruence of employees' current versus ideal performance appraisal system on performance appraisal attitudes. This in turn was assessed as to its predictive relationships with affective organizational commitment and turnover intentions. Continuance organizational commitment and job performance were also assessed in the model. A total of 149 surveys were completed by employees of post-secondary institutions and were employed in academic, clerical, professional, and managerial positions. Performance appraisal congruence positively predicted performance appraisal attitude, which then predicted affective organizational commitment and turnover intentions, supporting the importance of person-performance appraisal fit in the organizational behavior literature. The results are discussed in terms of the relevance of these findings in theory, research, and practice.
Staff seminars and publications productivity: a study of academic librarians in Ogun State, Nigeria

Purpose – This study aims to examine the effect of staff seminars on the publications productivity of Library and Information Science (LIS) professionals in academic libraries in Ogun State, Nigeria.Design/methodology/approach – To elicit the necessary information, a two‐part questionnaire was sent to 41 LIS professionals in the seven academic libraries in Ogun state during the 2002/2003 session. Of this number, 34 (82.3 percent) were returned and found usable.Findings – Analysis of the returned questionnaires showed that the majority of respondents' libraries hold seminars, though only occasionally (70.8 percent). Participation is largely restricted to academic librarians (62.5 percent), although some libraries (37.5 percent) allowed participation by their para‐professional staff. While presentation of papers is largely optional (66.7 percent), some libraries (33.3 percent) made it obligatory for their staff. Most of the respondents were of the opinion that staff seminars positively affected their public.
Communication, Persuasion, and the Conditioning Value of Selective Exposure: Like Minds May Unite and Divide but They Mostly Tune Out

Political observers of all types often express concerns that Americans are dangerously polarized on political issues and are, in part due to the availability of opinionated niche news programming (e.g., ideological cable, radio, and Internet news sources), developing more entrenched political positions. However, these accounts often overlook the fact that the rise of niche news has been accompanied by the expansion of entertainment options and the ability to screen out political news altogether. We examine the polarizing effects of opinionated political talk shows by integrating the Elaboration Likelihood Model of attitude development into our own theoretical model of selective media exposure. We employ a novel experimental design that gives participants agency to choose among news and entertainment programming by including treatments that allow participants to select the programming they view. The results from two studies show that ideological shows do indeed have the power to polarize political attitudes, especially among individuals who possess strong motivations to craft counterarguments. However, the polarizing force of cable news is diminished considerably when individuals are given the option to tune out. [Supplementary material is available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Political Communication for the following free supplemental resource: Appendix: Arguments Presented to Participants in Studies 1 and 2. ]
The chronic bronchitic phenotype of COPD: an analysis of the COPDGene Study.

BACKGROUND Chronic bronchitis (CB) in patients with COPD is associated with an accelerated lung function decline and an increased risk of respiratory infections. Despite its clinical significance, the chronic bronchitic phenotype in COPD remains poorly defined. METHODS We analyzed data from subjects enrolled in the Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene) Study. A total of 1,061 subjects with GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) stage II to IV were divided into two groups: CB (CB+) if subjects noted chronic cough and phlegm production for ≥ 3 mo/y for 2 consecutive years, and no CB (CB-) if they did not. RESULTS There were 290 and 771 subjects in the CB+ and CB- groups, respectively. Despite similar lung function, the CB+ group was younger (62.8 ± 8.4 vs 64.6 ± 8.4 years, P = .002), smoked more (57 ± 30 vs 52 ± 25 pack-years, P = .006), and had more current smokers (48% vs 27%, P < .0001). A greater percentage of the CB+ group reported nasal and ocular symptoms, wheezing, and nocturnal awakenings secondary to cough and dyspnea. History of exacerbations was higher in the CB+ group (1.21 ± 1.62 vs 0.63 ± 1.12 per patient, P < .027), and more patients in the CB+ group reported a history of severe exacerbations (26.6% vs 20.0%, P = .024). There was no difference in percent emphysema or percent gas trapping, but the CB+ group had a higher mean percent segmental airway wall area (63.2% ± 2.9% vs 62.6% ± 3.1%, P = .013). CONCLUSIONS CB in patients with COPD is associated with worse respiratory symptoms and higher risk of exacerbations. This group may need more directed therapy targeting chronic mucus production and smoking cessation not only to improve symptoms but also to reduce risk, improve quality of life, and improve outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT00608764; URL: www.clinicaltrials. gov.
Properties of galaxy groups in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey – I. The dependence of colour, star formation and morphology on halo mass

Using a large galaxy group catalogue constructed from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 2, we investigate the correlation between various galaxy properties and halo mass. We split the population of galaxies in early-types, late-types and intermediate-types, based on their colour and specific star formation rate. At fixed luminosity, the late- (early-)type fraction of galaxies increases (decreases) with decreasing halo mass. Most importantly, this mass dependence is smooth and persists over the entire mass range probed, without any break or feature at any mass-scale. We argue that the previous claim of a characteristic feature on galaxy group scales is an artefact of the environment estimators used. At fixed halo mass, the luminosity dependence of the type fractions is surprisingly weak, especially over the range 0.25? L/L*? 2.5: galaxy type depends more strongly on halo mass than on luminosity. In agreement with previous studies, the late- (early-)type fraction increases (decreases) with increasing halocentric radius. However, we find that this radial dependence is present in haloes of all masses probed (down to 10 12 h -1 M ⊙ ), while previous studies did not find any radial dependence in haloes with M? 10 13.5 h -1 M ⊙ . We argue that this discrepancy owes to the fact that we have excluded central galaxies from our analysis. We also find that the properties of satellite galaxies are strongly correlated with those of their central galaxy. In particular, the early-type fraction of satellites is significantly higher in a halo with an early-type central galaxy than in a halo of the same mass but with a late-type central galaxy. This phenomenon, which we call 'galactic conformity', is present in haloes of all masses and for satellites of all luminosities. Finally, the fraction of intermediate-type galaxies is always ∼20 per cent, independent of luminosity, independent of halo mass, independent of halocentric radius, and independent of whether the galaxy is a central galaxy or a satellite galaxy. We discuss the implicat ns of all these findings for galaxy formation and evolution.
Endothelial FAK is required for tumour angiogenesis

The authors of the above research article have informed the journal that an assembly error occurred in Supplementary Information Fig S10A during the final revision stage. The new Supplementary Information Fig S10A replaces panel A of the original figure with the correct image for ECFAK VEGF-treated aortic rings. The quantitative data remain as originally published, and therefore, the results and conclusions of the article remain unchanged. The authors apologize for this typographical oversight and for any inconvenience caused.
THE GENDERED NATURE OF ''ACCOUNTING LOGIC'': POINTERS TO AN ACCOUNTING THAT ENCOMPASSES MULTIPLE VALUES

Abstract This paper examines the possibility of developing an approach to accounting which will be more enabling. My concern is with the nature of the values which are represented by accounting. “Accounting logic” guides current conventional accounting and is representative of a particular value set which excludes positions informed by other values. The value sets excluded by “accounting logic” are argued in the paper to be those associated with the Universal Feminine. The exclusion of other value positions means that “accounting logic” and the accountings informed by this approach provides a distorted form of communication. The paper seeks to develop ideas as to how this might be countered and in doing so argues for a reconfiguration of the Ideal Speech Situation (ISS). Recognising the counterfactual nature of the ISS, I argue that it is possible to seek to operationalise the process of communication, thereby enabling a broadening participation. Following feminist critiques of Habermas it is argued that the location of the ISS in the public sphere, a sphere normally associated with men rather than women, along with what is argued to be a paternalistic bias in Habermas' whole approach, provides potential difficulties in using the ISS to achieve the ends desired. However, the current limitations of the ISS should not necessarily preclude the extension and enrichment of this process in the future.