Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neutralisation of intense ion beams at JET

Neutralization is an important issue in the design of neutral beam injection (NBI) systems for heating and fueling fusion plasmas. It has long been established that the neutralization efficiency of the JET injectors falls short of the theoretical value as determined by the expected gas target thickness and the well-known reaction cross-sections. This problem is even more acute in the recently upgraded 130 kV/60 Amp injectors at JET. An illustration shows the measured deuterium power delivered to JET as a function of extracted beam power. It has been proposed that the efficiency deficit is caused by a reduction in the line integrated gas density in the injector's neutralizer. This density reduction could be due to a number of factors including wall pumping and modification of the flow regime, but recent spectroscopic measurements of the neutralization system suggest that the density depletion is due to heating of the neutralizer gas. The mechanism responsible for this is thought to be indirect energy transfer from the beam to the neutral gas via the low temperature plasma that is formed in the neutralization process inside the neutralizer cell. This paper presents measurements of neutralization efficiency based on calorimetric data from the JET injectors. We also present some results from an experimental investigation at the JET Neutral Beam Test Bed including measurements of the low temperature neutralizer plasma. The plasma measurements are used as input parameters for a gas heating model and the outputs of this model are compared to a spectroscopic measurement of the neutralizer gas temperature. Overall, the results support hypothesis that the neutralization deficit is caused by gas density depletion due to indirect heating of the neutralizer gas.
Relationship of Factor VIII‐like Antigen (VIII AGN) and Clot Promoting Activity (VIII AHF) as Measured by One‐and Two‐Stage Assays in Patients with Liver Disease

Summary. We recently observed an increase in factor‐VIII clot promoting activity as measured by a one‐stage assay (VIII AHF1) in a haemophiliac with hepatitis. However, VIII AHF as measured by a two‐stage assay (VIII AHF2) was 0.013 u/ml at a time when VIII AHF1 measured 0.38 u/ml.
Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction and Exercise-Induced Respiratory Symptoms in Nurses

In order to assess prevalence and characteristics of exercise-induced respiratory symptoms (EIRSs) and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in health care workers, we performed a cross-sectional study including 48 female nurses from primary care settings and an equal number of female office workers studied as a control group. The evaluation of examined groups included completion of a questionnaire, skin prick tests to common inhalant allergens, spirometry, and exercise and histamine challenge. We found a similar prevalence of EIRSs and EIB in both groups. EIB was closely related to asthma, atopy, family history of asthma, and positive histamine challenge in either group, while the association between EIB and daily smoking in nurses was of borderline statistical significance. Bronchial reaction to exercise was significantly higher in nurses than in controls with EIB. With the exception of exercise induced wheezing, EIRSs were weakly associated with EIB in both groups with a large proportion of false positive results.
Activation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex Contributes to the Induction and Expression of Affective Pain

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is implicated in the affective response to noxious stimuli. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. The present study demonstrated that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in the ACC plays a crucial role in pain-related negative emotion. Intraplantar formalin injection produced a transient ERK activation in laminae V-VI and a persistent ERK activation in laminae II-III of the rostral ACC (rACC) bilaterally. Using formalin-induced conditioned place avoidance (F-CPA) in rats, which is believed to reflect the pain-related negative emotion, we found that blockade of ERK activation in the rACC with MEK inhibitors prevented the induction of F-CPA. Interestingly, this blockade did not affect formalin-induced two-phase spontaneous nociceptive responses and CPA acquisition induced by electric foot-shock or U69,593, an innocuous aversive agent. Upstream, NMDA receptor, adenylyl cyclase (AC) and phosphokinase A (PKA) activators activated ERK in rACC slices. Consistently, intra-rACC microinjection of AC or PKA inhibitors prevented F-CPA induction. Downstream, phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) was induced in the rACC by formalin injection and by NMDA, AC and PKA activators in brain slices, which was suppressed by MEK inhibitors. Furthermore, ERK also contributed to the expression of pain-related negative emotion. Thus, when rats were re-exposed to the conditioning context for retrieval of pain experience, ERK and CREB were reactivated in the rACC, and inhibiting ERK activation blocked the expression of F-CPA. All together, our results demonstrate that ERK activation in the rACC is required for the induction and expression of pain-related negative affect.
Telomerase: An exploration toward the end of cancer

Background: The distinguishing feature of cancer cells is their ability to proliferate indefinitely, which is in contrast to the restricted cell multiplication potential for somatic cells. A better understanding of this contrasting behavior was provided in the early 1990s with the discovery of a relationship between telomeres, telomerase, aging, and cancer. Telomeres (tandem repeat DNA sequence TTAGGG) are protective caps at the ends of human chromosomes. Normal human cells experience telomere shortening with each successive cell division. However, in tumor cells, an overexpression of telomerase confers limitless replicative potential to tumor cells by continuous elongation of telomeres. The objective of this review was to systematically assess the data available on telomerase expression in oral cancer, with special reference to its role in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of studies that investigated the telomerase expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was registered with PROSPERO. Subsequent to registration, a predetermined search strategy in accordance with PRISMA guidelines was formulated, and a literature search was conducted using online databases along with hand searching. Results: Eighty-nine articles from PubMed, 83 from Scopus, 5 from BioMed Central, 43 from Google Scholar, and 2 from hand search were identified. A total of 21 articles were shortlisted that met strict inclusion and exclusion criteria and quality assessment. Each study was evaluated for the markers under study, type of sample used, study design/methodology, and statistical analysis. The studies were then grouped into three subheads depending on their implications in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of OSCC. Conclusion: This review explains the basic biology and the clinical implications of telomerase-based diagnosis and prognosis, the prospects for its use in anticancer therapy, in the context of oral cancer.
5‐HT1B Receptor‐Mediated Regulation of Serotonin Clearance in Rat Hippocampus In Vivo

Abstract: The 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT; serotonin) transporter (5‐HTT) is important in terminating serotonergic neurotransmission and is a primary target for many psychotherapeutic drugs. Study of the regulation of 5‐HTT activity is therefore important in understanding the control of serotonergic neurotransmission. Using high‐speed chronoamperometry, we have demonstrated that local application of 5‐HT1B antagonists into the CA3 region of the hippocampus prolongs the clearance of 5‐HT from extracellular fluid (ECF). In the present study, we demonstrate that the 5‐HT1B antagonist cyanopindolol does not produce this effect by increasing release of endogenous 5‐HT or by directly binding to the 5‐HTT. Dose‐response studies showed that the potency of cyanopindolol to inhibit clearance of 5‐HT was equivalent to that of the selective 5‐HT reuptake inhibitor fluvoxamine. Local application of the 5‐HT1A antagonist WAY 100635 did not alter 5‐HT clearance, suggesting that the effect of cyanopindolol to prolong clearance is not via a mechanism involving 5‐HT1A receptors. Finally, the effect of low doses of cyanopindolol and fluvoxamine to inhibit clearance of 5‐HT from ECF was additive. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that activation of terminal 5‐HT1B autoreceptors increases 5‐HTT activity.
A Survey on Variational Image Inpainting , Texture Synthesis and Image Completion

In this survey, techniques developed in three distinct but related fields of study, variational image inpainting, texture synthesis and image completion, are investigated. Variational image inpainting involves filling narrow gaps in images. Though there are challenging alternative methods, best results are obtained by PDE-based algorithms. Texture synthesis is reproduction of a texture from a sample. Firstly, statistical model based methods were proposed for texture synthesis. Then pixel and patch-based sampling techniques were developed, preserving texture structures better than statistical methods. Image completion algorithms deal with the problem of filling larger gaps that involve both texture and image structure. This is a more general field of study that emerged by the combination of variational image inpainting and texture synthesis. State-ofthe-art image completion techniques are exemplar-based methods that are inspired by greedy image-based texture growing algorithms, and the global image completion approach that was recently proposed to solve quality problems in exemplar-based image completion.
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase inhibition reduces intraplaque CXCL1 production and associated neutrophil infiltration in atherosclerotic mice

Summary Pharmacological treatments targeting CXC chemokines and the associated neutrophil activation and recruitment into atherosclerotic plaques hold promise for treating cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, we investigated whether FK866, a nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibitor with anti-inflammatory properties that we recently found to reduce neutrophil recruitment into the ischaemic myocardium, would exert beneficial effects in a mouse atherosclerosis model. Atherosclerotic plaque formation was induced by carotid cast implantation in ApoE-/- mice that were fed with a Western-type diet. FK866 or vehicle were administrated intraperitoneally from week 8 until week 11 of the diet. Treatment with FK866 reduced neutrophil infiltration and MMP-9 content and increased collagen levels in atherosclerotic plaques compared to vehicle. No effect on other histological parameters, including intraplaque lipids or macrophages, was observed. These findings were associated with a reduction in both systemic and intraplaque CXCL1 levels in FK866-treated mice. In vitro, FK866 did not affect MMP-9 release by neutrophils, but it strongly reduced CXCL1 production by endothelial cells which, in the in vivo model, were identified as a main CXCL1 source at the plaque level. CXCL1 synthesis inhibition by FK866 appears to reflect interference with nuclear factor-κB signalling as shown by reduced p65 nuclear levels in endothelial cells pre-treated with FK866. In conclusion, pharmacological inhibition of NAMPT activity mitigates inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques by reducing CXCL1-mediated activities on neutrophils. These results support further assessments of NAMPT inhibitors for the potential prevention of plaque vulnerability.
Using word embedding for bio-event extraction

Bio-event extraction is an important phase towards the goal of extracting biological networks from the scientific literature. Recent advances in word embedding make computation of word distribution more ef- ficient and possible. In this study, we investigate methods bringing distributional characteristics of words in the text into event extraction by using the latest word embedding methods. By using bag-ofwords (BOW) features as the baseline, the result has been improved by the introduction of word-embedding features, and is comparable to the state-of-the-art solution.
The orienteering problem with variable profits

This article introduces, models, and solves a generalization of the orienteering problem, called the the orienteering problem with variable profits (OPVP). The OPVP is defined on a complete undirected graph G = (V,E), with a depot at vertex 0. Every vertex i∈V \{0} has a profit pi to be collected, and an associated collection parameter αi∈[0, 1]. The vehicle may make a number of “passes,” collecting 100αi percent of the remaining profit at each pass. In an alternative model, the vehicle may spend a continuous amount of time at every vertex, collecting a percentage of the profit given by a function of the time spent. The objective is to determine a maximal profit tour for the vehicle, starting and ending at the depot, and not exceeding a travel time limit. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2013
Analysis of Transmembrane Segment 10 of the Glut1 Glucose Transporter by Cysteine-scanning Mutagenesis and Substituted Cysteine Accessibility*

The Glut1 glucose transporter has been proposed to form an aqueous sugar translocation pathway through the lipid bilayer via the clustering of several transmembrane helices (Mueckler, M., Caruso, C., Baldwin, S. A., Panico, M., Blench, I., Morris, H. R., Allard, W. J., Lienhard, G. E., and Lodish, H. F. (1985) Science 229, 941–945). The participation of transmembrane helix 10 in the formation of this putative aqueous tunnel was tested using cysteine-scanning mutagenesis in conjunction with the membrane-impermeant, sulfhydryl-specific reagent,p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate (pCMBS). A series of 21 mutants was created from a fully functional, cysteine-less, parental Glut1 molecule by changing each residue within putative transmembrane segment 10 to cysteine. Each mutant was then expressed inXenopus oocytes, and its plasma membrane content, 2-deoxyglucose uptake activity, and sensitivity to pCMBS were measured. Helix 10 exhibited a highly distinctive reaction profile to scanning mutagenesis whereby cysteine substitution at residues within the cytoplasmic N-terminal half of the helix tended to increase specific transport activity, whereas substitution at residues within the exoplasmic C-terminal half of the helix tended to decrease specific transport activity. Four residues within helix 10 were clearly accessible to pCMBS as judged by inhibition or stimulation of transport activity. All four of these residues were clustered along one face of a putative α-helix. These results combined with previously published data suggest that transmembrane segment 10 of Glut1 forms part of the sugar permeation pathway. Two-dimensional models for the conformation of the 12 transmembrane helices and the exofacial glucose-binding site of Glut1 are proposed that are consistent with existing experimental data.
The Visual Computer ( to appear 2007 )

Fair webs are energy-minimizing curve networks. Obtained via an extension of cubic splines or splines in tension to networks of curves, they are efficiently computable and possess a variety of interesting applications. We present properties of fair webs and their discrete counterparts, i.e., fair polygon networks. Applications of fair curve and polygon networks include fair surface design and approximation under constraints such as obstacle avoidance or guaranteed error bounds, aesthetic remeshing, parameterization and texture mapping, and surface restoration in geometric models.
Exploring the Relationship among Loneliness, Self-esteem, Self-efficacy and Gender in United Arab Emirates College Students

The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between loneliness, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and gender among United Arab Emirates college students. The respondents were 495 college students from Al Ain University of Science and Technology. The sample was stratified by sex. Among the respondents, 59% were female students and 41% were male students. The mean age of the sample was 21.8 years ranging from 18 to 36. Loneliness was measured by Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) (Russell, 1996), while self-esteem was measured by Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965). General Self-efficacy Scale (Jerusalem and Schwarzer, 1979) measured self-efficacy. The findings of the study showed that females reported higher loneliness compared to their males counter mates. Lower self-esteem and lower self-efficacy were associated with high levels of loneliness. However, self-esteem emerged as the most significant predictor of loneliness accounting for 22.9% of the variance, self-efficacy and gender each accounted for an additional 6.5% of the variance in loneliness. All three predictors explained 29.4% (R = .543) of total variance. Loneliness has been associated with various negative emotions and behaviors. Therefore, it is of great value to explore the predictors of loneliness and find effective ways to reduce lonely feelings among college students.
Care and Family Life in Later Childhood.

Noting that care of children has not often been investigated from the perspective of the child, this study examined children's views on "care. " Participating in the survey study were 941 children, ages 10 to 12 years, (592 in their first year of secondary school and 349 in their last year of primary school). Participants were drawn from 12 state schools in 2 South London local authorities. A case study sample of 63 children was selected from the survey sample, drawn equally from three family types: mother-only, mother and stepfather, and two-parent households. A separate sample of foster children was also included. The survey and case study samples were disproportionately working class families. The main findings of the research indicated that children thought they should be the care priority for their parents. Love and care were considered more important to children than family structure. Children believed that mothers and fathers should be equally involved in and responsible for child care. Children disliked family change such as separation and divorce, but were pragmatic and even optimistic about settling into new family structures/routines. Some children maintained affectionate relationships and regular contact with nonresident parents. Stepparents had to earn respect and affection as new parent figures, but gained points for making the birth parent happy. Siblings were the most significant people in children's lives after parents, followed by grandparents, blood-related uncles and aunts, friends, and some professionals, of which "helpful teachers" were most frequently nominated. Children believed childhood should be a protected and free time. (KB) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Care and Family Life in Later Childhood Julia Brannen, Ellen Heptinstall & Kalwant Bhopal A project funded by the Department of Health 1996 1999 Thomas Coram Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 1:1 This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 1:1 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. 2 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)
3D computational study of non-invasive patient-specific microwave hyperthermia treatment of breast cancer

Non-invasive microwave hyperthermia treatment of breast cancer is investigated using three-dimensional (3D) numerical breast phantoms with anatomical and dielectric-properties realism. 3D electromagnetic and thermal finite-difference time-domain simulations are used to evaluate the focusing and selective heating efficacy in four numerical breast phantoms with different breast tissue densities. Beamforming is used to design and focus the signals transmitted by an antenna array into the breast. We investigate the use of propagation models of varying fidelity and complexity in the design of the transmitted signals. An ideal propagation model that is exactly matched to the actual patient's breast is used to establish a best-performance baseline. Simpler patient-specific propagation models based on a homogeneous breast interior are also explored to evaluate the robustness of beamforming in practical clinical settings in which an ideal propagation model is not available. We also investigate the performance of the beamformer as a function of operating frequency and compare single-frequency and multiple-frequency focusing strategies. Our study suggests that beamforming is a robust method of non-invasively focusing microwave energy at a tumor site in breasts of varying volume and breast tissue density.
Perceptions of Archdiocese of San Francisco Principals regarding the Implementation of "Partners in Faith: Parish, School and Family" (2000)

ii SIGNATURE PAGE. iv DEDICATION. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. vi LIST OF TABLES. xvii LIST OF FIGURES. xx CHAPTER I: THE RESEARCH PROBLEM. 1 The Statement of the Problem. 1 The Background and Need of the Study. 2 Conceptual Framework. 9 Purpose of the Study. 18 Research Questions. 19 Significance of the Study. 20 Limitations of the Study. 22 Definition of Terms. 25 ! CHAPTER II: THE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. 28 Restatement of the Problem. 28 Introduction and Overview. 28 The Importance of Partnership in the Catholic Church and its Schools. 30 The Roles of the Three Partners Relative to the Faith Formation of Their Children. 32 The Role of the Parent Relative to the Faith Formation of Their Children. 33 The Role of the Principal Relative to the Faith Formation of Children. 63 The Role of the Pastor Relative to the Faith Formation of Children. 73 The Relationships Between the Partners in the Faith Formation of Children. 88 The Relationship Between the Principal and the Parents Relative to the Faith Formation of Children. 88 The Relationship Between the Principal and the Pastor Relative to the Faith Formation of Children. 98 The Five Central Themes of Partnership as Articulated in Partners in Faith (2000). 114 The First Theme of Partnership: Collaboration Between Parish and School. 114 The Second Theme of Partnership: A Witnessing Community. 123 The Third Theme of Partnership: Worship. 131 The Fourth Theme of Partnership: Christian Service. 135 The Fifth Theme of Partnership: Adult Faith Formation. 131 A Summary of the Review of the Literature. 148 ! xv! CHAPTER III: THE METHODOLOGY. 150 ! Restatement of the Purpose of the Study. 150 ! Research Design. 150 ! Population. 151 ! Instrumentation. 153 ! Validity. 156 ! Reliability. 159 ! Data Collection. 165 ! Data Analysis. 166 ! Qualifications of the Researcher. 170 ! CHAPTER IV: RESULTS. 171 Overview. 171 Demographics. 173 Summary of Demographic Variables. 176 Introduction to the Reporting of the Research Questions’ Results. 176 Research Question 1. 178 Research Question 2. 181 Research Question 3. 194 Research Question 4. 195 Research Question 5. 196 Research Question 6. 197 Research Question 7. 198 Research Question 8. 198 Summary of Findings. 201 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS. 203 Summary of the Study. 203 Research Question 1. 207 Research Question 2. 210 Research Questions 3 and 4. 215 Research Questions 5 and 6. 222 Research Question 7. 227 Research Question 8. 228 Demographics. 229 Conclusions and Implications. 230 Demographics. 230 Research Question 1. 231 Research Question 2. 232 Research Questions 3 and 4. 232 Research Questions 5 and 6. 233 Research Question 7. 234 Research Question 8. 235 Recommendations. 236 Recommendations for Future Research. 236 Recommendations for Future Practice. 237