Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decentralized subject indexing of television programs: The effects of using a semicontrolled indexing language

We performed an exploratory case study to understand how subject indexing performed by television production staff using a semicontrolled vocabulary affects indexing quality. In the study we used triangulation, combining tag analysis and semistructured interviews, with production staff of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. The main findings reveal incomplete indexing of TV programs and their parts, in addition to low indexing consistency and uneven indexing exhaustivity. The informants expressed low motivation and a high level of uncertainty regarding the task. Internal guidelines and high domain knowledge among the indexers does not form a sufficient basis for creating quality and consistency in the vocabulary. The challenges that are revealed in the terminological analysis, combined with low indexing knowledge and lack of motivation, will create difficulties in the retrieval phase.
Transforming Small, Medium, and Microscale Enterprises? Information-Communication Technologies (Icts) and Industrial Change in Tanzania

The changing structure of international trade offers new opportunities for Africa, and some believe that new information communication technologies (ICTs)—especially mobile phones, the Internet, and computers—can accelerate and deepen the region's integration into the world economy. This paper evaluates such claims through an in-depth empirical analysis of ICT use and its contribution to small, medium, and microscale enterprises (SMMEs) and industrial development in Tanzania's wood products and furniture sector. Drawing on concepts from time geography and sociotechnical transition theory, the analysis determines whether, how, and why (not) ICTs are enabling SMMEs to overcome constraints on their activities and whether the industrial regime governing and guiding the activities of firms is being transformed through ICT-driven changes in communication and information management practices. The findings detail the ways in which ICTs are (not) becoming integrated into the everyday industrial practices, highlight the implications of this integration for the industry's development, and demonstrate how research into ICT for development can benefit from a deeper and more critical understanding of the contexts in which technological diffusion occurs—conceptualized here as activity constraints and sociotechnical regimes.
Incidence of Crohn's disease in Cardiff over 60 years: 1986-1990 an update.

OBJECTIVE To report the incidence of Crohn's disease in the city of Cardiff between 1986 and 1990 and relate it to our previous incidence figures which extend over 60 years. METHODS The incidence of Crohn's disease was examined using hospital diagnostic indices supplemented by records from clinicians and from the Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK. In addition, a questionnaire was sent to all family practitioners in Cardiff asking them to identify patients in their practice. RESULTS Eighty-six new patients were confirmed after reviewing the notes of patients in whom a diagnosis of Crohn's disease was considered. The mean incidence for this quinquennium was 5.9 cases per 10(5) of the population per year (95% confidence interval 4.7-7.3), with the highest age-specific incidence between those aged 15 and 34 years. Colorectal disease was the most common site of disease at the time of diagnosis and this was particularly striking in those aged over 50 years. CONCLUSIONS The findings are related to our previous studies. The incidence of Crohn's disease has not continued to increase at the rate reported in early 1980s, but remains one of the highest reported in the literature. The colon has become the most commonly affected site, which may reflect an increase in diagnostic awareness.
Can a Regulator Change Representation of Minority Groups and Fair Reflection of Cultural Diversity in National Media Programs? Lessons From Israel

Studies show that coverage of minority and marginal groups in the central-national media is problematic. As a result, in the last decade, regulators—mainly in Europe—encouraged more proper media representation of minority groups and fair reflection of the cultural diversity. Analyzing the Israeli case study, this article examines whether the Israeli regulator succeeded in effecting changes in the representation of minority groups in Israel's national-commercial media, and the characteristics of these changes.
Disrupted Functional Brain Connectivity and Its Association to Structural Connectivity in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease

Although anomalies in the topological architecture of whole-brain connectivity have been found to be associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), our understanding about the progression of AD in a functional connectivity (FC) perspective is still rudimentary and few study has explored the function-structure relations in brain networks of AD patients. By using resting-state functional MRI (fMRI), this study firstly investigated organizational alternations in FC networks in 12 AD patients, 15 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients, and 14 age-matched healthy aging subjects and found that all three groups exhibit economical small-world network properties. Nonetheless, we found a decline of the optimal architecture in the progression of AD, represented by a more localized modular organization with less efficient local information transfer. Our results also show that aMCI forms a boundary between normal aging and AD and represents a functional continuum between healthy aging and the earliest signs of dementia. Moreover, we revealed a dissociated relationship between the overall FC and structural connectivity (SC) in AD patients. In this study, diffusion tensor imaging tractography was used to map the structural network of the same individuals. The decreased FC-SC coupling may be indicative of more stringent and less dynamic brain function in AD patients. Our findings provided insightful implications for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of brain dysfunctions in aMCI and AD patients and demonstrated that functional disorders can be characterized by multimodal neuroimaging-based metrics.
Assessment of the Etiologic Factors of Gingival Recession in a Group of Patients in Northwest Iran

Background and aims Gingival recession (GR), a common problem in periodontium, is associated with various etiologic factors. There is controversy over the role and importance of these factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the etiologic factors of GR in a group of subjects in Northwest Iran. Materials and methods In this case-control study, patients referring to a university clinic (123 patients with GR and 123 patients without GR) were evaluated. Patients were examined by an experienced periodontist. A checklist assessing the history of systemic disease, smoking, radiotherapy, orthodontic treatment, chemical and mechanical trauma, tooth-brushing method, type of occlusion, axial inclination of tooth, width and thickness of keratinized gingiva, presence of calculus, prosthesis, faulty restorations and food impaction, and frenum pull was completed for each patient. Chi-square test was used for data analysis. Results Presence of calculus was significantly associated with GR in the evaluated patients (P = 0.000). Low width and thickness of keratinized gingiva, smoking and traumatic tooth brushing were other significant factors (P < 0.05). The type of occlusion, axial inclination of teeth, existence of prosthesis, high frenal attachment, radiotherapy, systemic diseases and chemical trauma were not significantly associated with GR in the evaluated patients (P > 0.05). Conclusion Supra- and sub-gingival calculus, inadequate width and thickness of keratinized tissue, and incorrect tooth brushing techniques are most important etiologic factors of GR. Oral hygiene instructions including correct tooth brushing techniques as well as scaling and root planing with periodic recalls can play a significant role in prevention of GR.
Evidence of the Disassembly of α-Cyclodextrin-octylamine Inclusion Compounds Conjugated to Gold Nanoparticles via Thermal and Photothermal Effects

Cyclodextrin (CD) molecules form inclusion compounds (ICs), generating dimers that are capable of encapsulating molecules derived from long-chain hydrocarbons. The aim of this study is to evaluate the structural changes experienced by ICs in solution with increasing temperatures. For this, a nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) titration was performed to determinate the stoichiometric α-cyclodextrin (α-CD):octylamine (OA) 2:1 and binding constant (k = 2.16 M−2) of ICs. Solution samples of α-CD-OA ICs conjugated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared, and 1H-NMR spectra at different temperatures were recorded. Comparatively, 1H-NMR spectra of the sample irradiated with a laser with tunable wavelengths, with plasmons of conjugated AuNPs, were recorded. In this work, we present evidence of the disassembly of ICs conjugated with AuNPs. Thermal studies demonstrated that, at 114 °C, there are reversible rearrangements of the host and guests in the ICs in a solid state. Migration movements of the guest molecules from the CD cavity were monitored via temperature-dependent 1H-NMR, and were verified comparing the chemical shifts of octylamine dissolved in deuterated dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO-d6) with the OA molecule included in α-CD dissolved in the same solvent. It was observed that, at 117 °C, OA exited the α-CD cavity. CD IC dimer disassembly was also observed when the sample was irradiated with green laser light.
Geographical Indications and the Competitive Provision of Quality in Agricultural Markets

The economics of geographical indications (GIs) is assessed within a vertical product differentiation framework that is consistent with the competitive structure of the agricultural sector with free entry/exit. It is assumed that certification costs are needed for GIs to serve as (collective) credible quality certification devices, and production of high-quality product is endogenously determined. We find that GIs can support a competitive provision of quality that partly overcomes the market failure and leads to clear welfare gains, although they fall short of delivering the (constrained) first-best level of the high-quality good. The main beneficiaries of the welfare gains are consumers. Producers may also accrue some benefit if the production of high-quality products draws on scarce factors that they own.
Inflammation and echocardiographic parameters of ventricular hypertrophy in a cohort with preserved cardiac function

Objective To investigate the association between inflammation and selective echocardiographic parameters (EP) characteristic for ventricular hypertrophy in cross-sectional and longitudinal population-based analyses. Methods Baseline (711 men, 659 women: 45–83 years) and 4-year follow-up data (622 men, 540 women) of the prospective, population-based CARdio-vascular disease, Living and Ageing in Halle (CARLA)study after exclusion of participants with cardiacvascular diseases were analysed. Inflammation parameters: soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNF-R1), high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). EPs: left ventricular mass (LVM), left atrial systolic dimension (LADS), interventricular septum diameter (IVSD), posterior wall dimension (PWD), left ventricular diastolic diameter (LVDD), ejection fraction according to Teichholz (EF). For the longitudinal analyses baseline to follow-up differences were considered. Effect sizes were determined by using multiple linear regression and mixed models. Missing values were replaced by means of multiple imputations. Results Men had higher sTNF-R1 levels; means of hsCRP and IL-6 were similar in men and women. In multiple regression models, sTNF-R1 was associated with LADS (1.4 mm/1000 pg/mL sTNF-R1, 95% CI 0.6 to 2.1) in men. Respecting confounder hsCRP was associated with LVM (5.2 g/10 mg/L hsCRP, 95% CI 1.6 to 8.8), IVSD (0.2 mm/10 mg/L hsCRP, 95% CI 0 to 0.3) and PWD (0.2 mm/10 mg/L hsCRP, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.3) in women, while there were no relevant effects in analysis of IL-6 in both sexes. The baseline to follow-up change in EPs was not relevantly associated with sTNF-R1, hsCRP or IL-6. Conclusions STNF-R1, hsCRP and IL-6 were inadequate predictors for structural changes of the heart at follow-up, while weak cross-sectional associations are restricted to certain EPs and depend on sex.
Adolescent meat intake and breast cancer risk

The breast is particularly vulnerable to carcinogenic influences during adolescence due to rapid proliferation of mammary cells and lack of terminal differentiation. We investigated consumption of adolescent red meat and other protein sources in relation to breast cancer risk in the Nurses' Health Study II cohort. We followed prospectively 44,231 women aged 33–52 years who, in 1998, completed a detailed questionnaire about diet during adolescence. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression. We documented 1132 breast cancer cases during 13‐year follow‐up. In multivariable Cox regression models with major breast cancer risk factors adjustment, greater consumption of total red meat in adolescence was significantly associated with higher premenopausal breast cancer risk (highest vs. lowest quintiles, RR, 1.43; 95%CI, 1.05–1.94; Ptrend = 0.007), but not postmenopausal breast cancer. Adolescent intake of poultry was associated with lower risk of breast cancer overall (RR, 0.76; 95%CI, 0.60–0.97; for each serving/day). Adolescent intakes of iron, heme iron, fish, eggs, legumes and nuts were not associated with breast cancer. Replacement of one serving/day of total red meat with one serving of combination of poultry, fish, legumes, and nuts was associated with a 15% lower risk of breast cancer overall (RR, 0.85; 95%CI, 0.74–0.96) and a 23% lower risk of premenopausal breast cancer (RR, 0.77; 95%CI, 0.64–0.92). In conclusion, higher consumption of red meat during adolescence was associated with premenopausal breast cancer. Substituting other dietary protein sources for red meat in adolescent diet may decrease premenopausal breast cancer risk.
SemLinker system for KBP2013: A disambiguation algorithm based on mutual relations of semantic annotations inside a document

In this paper, we present the SemLinker system used by the polymtl team in the English entity linking track of TAC-KBP 2013. To improve the disambiguation process, SemLinker re-uses and enriches the entity links provided by a generic annotation engine. The linking is done through a re-ranking process on the candidate links associated with a given named entity. This process relies on the mutual relations between all the named entities in the document.
Structure and dynamics of the fatty acid binding cavity in apo rat intestinal fatty acid binding protein

The structure and dynamics of the fatty acid binding cavity in I‐FABP (rat intestinal fatty acid binding protein) were analyzed. In the crystal structure of apo I‐FABP, the probe occupied cavity volume and surface are 539 ± 8 Å3 and 428 Å2, respectively (1.4 Å probe). A total of 31 residues contact the cavity with their side chains. The side‐chain cavity surface is partitioned according to the residue type as follows: 36–39% hydrophobic, 21–25% hydrophilic, and 37–43% neutral or ambivalent. Thus, the cavity surface is neither like a typical protein interior core, nor is like a typical protein external surface. All hydrophilic residues that contact the cavity—with the exception of Asp74—are clustered on the one side of the cavity. The cavity appears to expand its hydrophobic surface upon fatty acid binding on the side opposite to this hydrophilic patch. In holo I‐FABP the fatty acid chain interactions with the hydrophilic side chains are mediated by water molecules. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of fully solvated apo I‐FABP showed global conformational changes of I‐FABP, which resulted in a large, but seemingly transient, exposure of the cavity to the external solvent. The packing density of the side chains lining the cavity, studied by Voronoi volumes, showed the presence of two distinctive small hydrophobic cores. The MD simulation predicts significant structural perturbations of the cavity on the subnano‐second time scale, which are capable of facilitating exchange of I‐FABP internal water.
Sexuality of black South African university students in the context of HIV/AIDS

The aim of this study was to better understand the sexuality of youth in the context of HIV/AIDS in South Africa. The sample included 206 male and 202 female third-year African/black South African university students, with a mean age of 22.5 years (SD = 1.9), chosen from one university in a classroom setting. Results indicate that more women than men engage in steady relationships lasting on average more than a year, while most men and many women have sexual affairs and also concurrent relationships outside the steady relationships. Much of sexual intercourse did not take place in steady relationships but in concurrent or serial relationships. While almost all students were sexually experienced a significant minority did not currently wish to be in a steady relationship. There was a lack of condom use and moderate HIV risk perception. By better linking HIV prevention to research on human sexuality, it should prove possible to advance the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS prevention efforts. Keywords: attitudes, condom use, HIV risk, relationship, sexual behaviour, youth Journal of Psychology in Africa 2005, 15(1): 17–24
Photosynthesis by isolated protoplasts, protoplast extracts, and chloroplasts of wheat: influence of orthophosphate, pyrophosphate, and adenylates.

Protoplasts, protoplast extracts (intact chloroplasts plus extrachloroplastic material), and chloroplasts isolated from protoplasts of wheat (Triticum aestivum) have rates of photosynthesis as measured by light-dependent O(2) evolution of about 100 to 150 micromoles of O(2) per milligram of chlorophyll per hour at 20 C and saturating bicarbonate. The assay conditions sufficient for this activity were 0.4 molar sorbitol, 50 millimolar N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid KOH (pH 7.6), and 10 millimolar NaHCO(3) with protoplast, plus a requirement of 1 to 10 millimolar ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and 0.2 to 0.5 millimolar inorganic orthophosphate (Pi) with protoplast extracts and chloroplasts. Protoplast extracts evolved approximately 6 micromoles of O(2) per milligram of chlorophyll before photosynthesis became largely dependent on exogenous Pi while photosynthesis by chloroplasts had a much stronger dependence on exogenous Pi from the outset.Photosynthesis by chloroplasts from 6-day-old wheat plants under optimum levels of Pi was similar to that with the addition of 5 millimolar inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) plus 0.2 millimolar adenosine-5'-diphosphate (ADP). Either PPi or ADP added separately inhibited photosynthesis. When chloroplasts were incubated in the dark for 2 to 6 minutes, photosynthesis was strongly inhibited by 5 millimolar PPi and this inhibiting was relieved by including adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) or ADP (0.2 to 0.6 millimolar). Chloroplasts from 9-day-old wheat leaves were slightly less sensitive to inhibition by PPi and showed little or no inhibition by ADP.Chloroplasts isolated from protoplasts and assayed with 0.3 millimolar Pi added before illumination have an induction time from less than 1 minute up to 16 minutes depending on the time of the assay after isolation and the components of the medium. In order to obtain maximum rates of photosynthesis and minimum induction time, NaHCO(3) and chelating agents, EDTA or PPi (+ATP), are required in the chloroplast isolation, resuspension and assay medium. With these inclusions in the isolation and resuspension medium the induction time decreased rapidly during the first 20 to 30 minutes storage of chloroplasts on ice. Requirements for isolating intact and photosynthetically functional chloroplasts from wheat protoplasts are discussed.
Assessment of the Relationship between Physical Working Conditions and Different Levels of Work Ability

Early leaving of workplace by work forces is one of the fundamental problems worldwide. Maintenance and enhancement of employees work ability are important for raising productivity. This study investigated the relationship between work ability index and physical working conditions and was carried out in 2013 on 641 workers at a manufacturing plant in Tehran. Work ability was assessed by the questionnaire of work ability index and the participants were classified into four work ability groups of poor, moderate, good, and excellent. Physical working conditions were evaluated by the MUSIC-Norrtalje questionnaire and the participants were classified into two groups with proper and poor physical working conditions. The mean score of work ability questionnaire was 42.40; and 2.5% (16 persons), 9.2% (59 persons), 38.2% (245 persons), and 50.1% (321 persons) of the participants were in poor, moderate, good, and excellent work ability groups, respectively. The mean score of physical working conditions questionnaire was 20.06. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that even after adjusting the confounding variables, a significant correlation existed between work ability and physical working conditions (p<0.05). According to the results of this study, there may be a correlation between physical working conditions such as awkward postures, repetitive movements, load lifting, exposure to whole body vibration and so on with work ability. Therefore it seems that enhancement of the quality of physical working conditions may increase work ability.
Personality traits and simultaneous reciprocal influences between job performance and job satisfaction

Purpose – This paper aims to test the relationships among three important variables in the management of Chinese employees: personality trait, job performance and job satisfaction. A causal model is developed to hypothesize how personality trait affects job performance and satisfaction and how job performance and satisfaction simultaneously affect each other. Design/methodology/approach – The survey was conducted from October to November 2009. In total, 414 questionnaires were distributed and 392 were returned. Using data collected, the theoretical model is empirically validated. Structural equation modelling using LISREL 8.8 is used to test the causal model. Findings – Job performance and job satisfaction have a bilateral relationship that is simultaneously influential. All Big Five personality traits significantly influence job performance, with agreeableness showing the greatest effect, followed by extraversion. Extraversion is the only personality trait that shows a significant influence over job sati.
Ketamine: NMDA Receptors and Beyond

Human studies examining the effects of the dissociative anesthetic ketamine as a model for psychosis and as a rapidly acting antidepressant have spurred great interest in understanding ketamine's actions at molecular, cellular, and network levels. Although ketamine has unequivocal uncompetitive inhibitory effects on N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and may preferentially alter the function of NMDARs on interneurons, recent work has questioned whether block of NMDARs is critical for its mood enhancing actions. In this viewpoint, we examine the evolving literature on ketamine supporting NMDARs as important triggers for certain psychiatric effects and the possibility that the antidepressant trigger is unrelated to NMDARs. The rapidly evolving story of ketamine offers great hope for untangling and treating the biology of both depressive and psychotic illnesses.