Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alterations in response to somatic pain associated with anaesthesia. XIX: Studies with the drugs used in neuroleptanaesthesia.

The effects of some intravenously administered drugs on sensitivity to tibial pressureinduced somatic pain were investigated in a controlled, double-blind trial. The drugs included those commonly employed in neuroleptanaesthesia (fentanyl, phenoperidine and droperidol), standard opiates (morphine, diamorphine), and a standard tranquillizer (diazepam). The analgesics were given in what are commonly regarded as clinically equipotent dosages. Fentanyl and phenoperidine decreased the subjects' sensitivity to somatic pain, whilst saline, morphine, diamorphine and diazepam did not have any effect. Droperidol caused an increase in sensitivity, and the addition of droperidol to either phenoperidine or fentanyl was associated with a simple summation of effect. It was concluded that there is a difference in the mode of action of fentanyl and phenoperidine in comparison to morphine, the former having a relatively greater effect on the perceptual mechanisms of pain and the latter a relatively greater effect on the affective experience of pain.
Gains and Losses are Fundamentally Different in Regret Minimization: The Sparse Case

We demonstrate that, in the classical non-stochastic regret minimization problem with $d$ decisions, gains and losses to be respectively maximized or minimized are fundamentally different. Indeed, by considering the additional sparsity assumption (at each stage, at most $s$ decisions incur a nonzero outcome), we derive optimal regret bounds of different orders. Specifically, with gains, we obtain an optimal regret guarantee after $T$ stages of order $\sqrt{T\log s}$, so the classical dependency in the dimension is replaced by the sparsity size. With losses, we provide matching upper and lower bounds of order $\sqrt{Ts\log(d)/d}$, which is decreasing in $d$. Eventually, we also study the bandit setting, and obtain an upper bound of order $\sqrt{Ts\log (d/s)}$ when outcomes are losses. This bound is proven to be optimal up to the logarithmic factor $\sqrt{\log(d/s)}$.
Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Pigs Diet-Dependent Effects of Minimal Enteral Nutrition

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , May, 2009; 296 (5): G1085-G1090. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Renes and Johannes B. van Goudoever Maaike W. Schaart, Adrianus C. J. M. de Bruijn, Henk Schierbeek, Dick Tibboel, Ingrid B. Small intestinal MUC2 synthesis in human preterm infants [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , UNKNOWN, 2009; 139 (9): 1619-1625. J. Nutr. Luying Peng, Zhong-Rong Li, Robert S. Green, Ian R. Holzman and Jing Lin Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers Butyrate Enhances the Intestinal Barrier by Facilitating Tight Junction Assembly via [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , May, 2010; 34 (3): 271-279. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr Ginneken Marijke Oste, Els Van Haver, Thomas Thymann, Per Sangild, André Weyns and Christa J. Van Formula Induces Intestinal Apoptosis in Preterm Pigs Within a Few Hours of Feeding [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , December, 2010; 140 (12): 2193-2200. J. Nutr. Agus Suryawan, Ashish Kurundkar, Akhil Maheshwari, Teresa A. Davis and Douglas G. Burrin Barbara Stoll, David A. Horst, Liwei Cui, Xiaoyan Chang, Kenneth J. Ellis, Darryl L. Hadsell, Resistance in Neonatal Pigs Chronic Parenteral Nutrition Induces Hepatic Inflammation, Steatosis, and Insulin [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , January, 2011; 35 (1): 32-42. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr Sangild Malene Skovsted Cilieborg, Mette Boye, Thomas Thymann, Bent Borg Jensen and Per Torp Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Pigs Diet-Dependent Effects of Minimal Enteral Nutrition on Intestinal Function and
Platelet membrane glycoprotein polymorphisms do not influence the clinical expressivity of von Willebrand disease type 1

Summary Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is characterized by a significant variation in bleeding symptoms among patients with similar laboratory profiles and equivalent plasma levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF) activities. Considering the recent suggestion that platelet membrane glycoprotein polymorphisms (PltGPs) may play a role as modulators of thromboembolic or haemorrhagic diseases, we investigated the role of different PltGPs and GPVI content in the clinical expression of patients with VWD type 1. The diagnosis of VWD (n = 76) was based on laboratory findings (VWF:Ag, VWF:RCo, VWF:CB, FVIII:C, and multimer analysis), family and personal history of bleeding. All patients were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire, and classified into two categories: bleeders (unequivocal bleeding tendency, n = 53) and non bleeders (absence of bleeding symptoms, n = 23). PltGPs, HPA-1, 2 and 5 and C807T of GPIa were determined by fluorophore-labelled hybridization probes on a LightCyclerTM. GPVI content was measured by western blotting. VWF:Ag, VWF:RCo, VWF:CB and FVIII:C levels were not significantly different between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. There were no differences in the genotype distribution and allele frequencies between bleeders and non bleeders for the platelet alloantigen systems HPA-1, 2, 5 and the GPIa C807T polymorphism. The levels of platelet GPVI were similar in symptomatic and asymptomatic VWD patients (109.6 ± 58.4 vs 114.1 ± 52.5, respectively; p: 0.77). These results show that PltGPs HPA-1, 2 and 5 or the C807T dimorphism of GPIa do not influence the clinical expressivity of VWD type 1. The wide variation in GPVI content was not associated with the severity of bleeding in the patients. Other genetic factors that may contribute to the variable expressivity of VWD type 1 should be investigated.
Social networks, social integration, and social engagement determine cognitive decline in community-dwelling Spanish older adults.

OBJECTIVES To examine the influence of social networks and social engagement on cognitive decline in a population-based cohort of elderly people, and to assess gender differences in the effect of social relations on cognition. METHODS A longitudinal study of community-dwelling people over 65 was carried out. Cognitive function (orientation and memory) in 1997 and cognitive decline (absent, mild, and severe) over 4 years (1993-1997) were assessed using an instrument previously validated for populations with a low level of education. The effect of social networks, social integration, and social engagement with friends, children, and relatives on cognitive function and cognitive decline was estimated by multiple linear and logistic regressions after adjusting for age, sex, education, depressive symptoms, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and functional status. RESULTS Poor social connections, infrequent participation in social activities, and social disengagement predict the risk of cognitive decline in elderly individuals. The probability of cognitive decline was lower for both men and women with a high frequency of visual contact with relatives and community social integration. Engagement with friends seemed to be protective for cognitive decline in women but not in men. DISCUSSION This longitudinal study indicates that few social ties, poor integration, and social disengagement are risk factors for cognitive decline among community-dwelling elderly persons. The nature of the ties that influence cognition may vary in men and women.
Universally utility-maximizing privacy mechanisms

A mechanism for releasing information about a statistical database with sensitive data must resolve a trade-off between utility and privacy. Publishing fully accurate information maximizes utility while minimizing privacy, while publishing random noise accomplishes the opposite. Privacy can be rigorously quantified using the framework of differential privacy, which requires that a mechanism's output distribution is nearly the same whether or not a given database row is included or excluded. The goal of this paper is strong and general utility guarantees, subject to differential privacy. We pursue mechanisms that guarantee near-optimal utility to every potential user, independent of its side information (modeled as a prior distribution over query results) and preferences (modeled via a loss function). Our main result is: for each fixed count query and differential privacy level, there is a geometric mechanism M* -- a discrete variant of the simple and well-studied Laplace mechanism -- that is simultaneously expected loss-minimizing for every possible user, subject to the differential privacy constraint. This is an extremely strong utility guarantee: every potential user u, no matter what its side information and preferences, derives as much utility from M* as from interacting with a differentially private mechanism Mu that is optimally tailored to u. More precisely, for every user u there is an optimal mechanism Mu for it that factors into a user-independent part (the geometric mechanism M*) followed by user-specific post-processing that can be delegated to the user itself. The first part of our proof of this result characterizes the optimal differentially private mechanism for a fixed but arbitrary user in terms of a certain basic feasible solution to a linear program with constraints that encode differential privacy. The second part shows that all of the relevant vertices of this polytope (ranging over all possible users) are derivable from the geometric mechanism via suitable remappings of its range.
Long‐term Results After Balloon Pulmonary Valvuloplasty

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to determine the long-term outcome of patients after percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (BPV) treatment of congenital pulmonary valve stenosis. Methods and ResultsThis study represents a case series with duration (mean ± +SD) offollow-up of 4.6± 1.9 years. Forty-six patients with a median age of 4.6 years (range, 3 months to 56 years) had BPV at one academic institution between June 1981 and December 1986. Mean peak systolic pressure gradients from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery were as follows: before BPV, 70 ± 36 mm Hg; immediately after BPV, 23+ 14 mm Hg; at intermediate follow-up by cardiac catheterization or Doppler echocardiography at less than 2 years after BPV, 23+16 mm Hg (n =33); and at long-term follow-up by Doppler at more than 2 years afte BPV, 20+ 13 mm Hg (n =42). BPV acutely reduced the gradient to less than 36 mm Hg for 41 of 46 (89%) patients. Available gradients at long-term follow-up were less than 36 mm Hg for 36 of 42 (86%) patients without additional procedures. A patient age of less than 2 years at the initial BPV was a significant risk factor for gradients over 36 mm Hg at follow-up. ConclusionsBPV provides long-term relief of pulmonary valvular obstruction in the majority of patients. Close follow-up of patients who require BPV at less than 2 years of age is warranted. (Circulation 1991;83:1915—1922)
A constrained least‐squares approach to the automated quantitation of in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy data

Totally Automatic Robust Quantitation in NMR (TARQUIN), a new method for the fully automatic analysis of short echo time in vivo 1H Magnetic resonance spectroscopy is presented. Analysis is performed in the time domain using non‐negative least squares, and a new method for applying soft constraints to signal amplitudes is used to improve fitting stability. Initial point truncation and Hankel singular value decomposition water removal are used to reduce baseline interference. Three methods were used to test performance. First, metabolite concentrations from six healthy volunteers at 3 T were compared with LCModel™. Second, a Monte‐Carlo simulation was performed and results were compared with LCModel™ to test the accuracy of the new method. Finally, the new algorithm was applied to 1956 spectra, acquired clinically at 1.5 T, to test robustness to noisy, abnormal, artifactual, and poorly shimmed spectra. Discrepancies of less than approximately 20% were found between the main metabolite concentrations determined by TARQUIN and LCModel™ from healthy volunteer data. The Monte‐Carlo simulation revealed that errors in metabolite concentration estimates were comparable with LCModel™. TARQUIN analyses were also found to be robust to clinical data of variable quality. In conclusion, TARQUIN has been shown to be an accurate and robust algorithm for the analysis of magnetic resonance spectroscopy data making it suitable for use in a clinical setting. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quality and Shelf Life of Ganesh Pomegranate Arils as Affected by Different Packaging Material and Storage Conditions

Different packaging material was used for packaging pomegranate arils and was evaluated for shelf life and quality parameters at different storage temperatures. Arils packed in PPMM (P3) recorded with high anthocyanin content (24.03 mg 100g) and β-carotene content (18.26 μg 100g) and high organoleptic score for colour (6.17), taste (6.00), flavour (6.25) and overall acceptability (6.08) with less microbial count (2.33 ×10CFU/ml) was observed. With respect to storage temperatures, arils stored at 1°C (S1) recorded with high anthocyanin content (24.56 mg 100g ) and β-carotene content (21.91 μg 100g) and high organoleptic score for colour (7.44), taste (7.89), flavour (7.22) and overall acceptability (6.78) with lowest microbial count (1.44 ×10CFU/ml). The interaction effect of packing material and storage temperatures, revealed that high anthocyanin content (25.05 mg 100g) and β-carotene content (23.23 μg 100g) and the highest organoleptic score for aril colour (8.00), taste (8.33), flavour (7.33) and overall acceptability (7.33) with lowest microbial count (1.00 ×10CFU/ml) were recorded in the PPMM + 1°C (P3S1).
Perceptions and Experiences of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection and Testing among Low-Income Mexican Women

Background HPV infection causes cervical cancer, a major contributor to morbidity and mortality among low-income Mexican women. Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing is now a primary screening strategy in Mexico’s early cervical cancer detection program (ECDP). Research on Mexican women’s perceptions of HPV and testing is necessary for establishing culturally appropriate protocols and educational materials. Here, we explore perceptions about HPV and HPV-related risk factors among low-income Mexican ECDP participants. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with 24 ECDP participants from two primary care health clinics in Michoacán state, Mexico. Interviews addressed women’s understandings of and experiences with HPV and HPV testing. Analysis was inductive and guided by the Health Belief Model with a focus on gender. Results Women’s confusion about HPV and HPV screening caused emotional distress. They understood HPV to be a serious disease that would always cause severe symptoms, often characterizing it as analogous to HIV or inevitably carcinogenic. Women also attributed it to men’s sexual behaviors, specifically infidelity and poor hygiene. Women described both sexes’ desire for sex as natural but understood men’s negative practices of masculinity, like infidelity, as the causes of women’s HPV infection. Some women believed dirty public bathrooms or heredity could also cause HPV transmission. Conclusions These results are consistent with prior findings that geographically and economically diverse populations lack clear understandings of the nature, causes, or symptoms of HPV, even among those receiving HPV testing. Our findings also reveal that local cultural discourse relating to masculinity, along with failure to provide sufficient education to low-income and indigenous-language speaking patients, exacerbate women’s negative emotions surrounding HPV testing. While negative emotions did not deter women from seeking testing, they could be ameliorated with better health education and communication.
Effect of the tocotrienol-rich fraction on the lifespan and oxidative biomarkers in Caenorhabditis elegans under oxidative stress

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to determine the effect of the tocotrienol-rich fraction on the lifespan and oxidative status of C. elegans under oxidative stress. METHOD: Lifespan was determined by counting the number of surviving nematodes daily under a dissecting microscope after treatment with hydrogen peroxide and the tocotrienol-rich fraction. The evaluated oxidative markers included lipofuscin, which was measured using a fluorescent microscope, and protein carbonyl and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, which were measured using commercially available kits. RESULTS: Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress significantly decreased the mean lifespan of C. elegans, which was restored to that of the control by the tocotrienol-rich fraction when administered before or both before and after the hydrogen peroxide. The accumulation of the age marker lipofuscin, which increased with hydrogen peroxide exposure, was decreased with upon treatment with the tocotrienol-rich fraction (p<0.05). The level of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine significantly increased in the hydrogen peroxide-induced group relative to the control. Treatment with the tocotrienol-rich fraction before or after hydrogen peroxide induction also increased the level of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine relative to the control. However, neither hydrogen peroxide nor the tocotrienol-rich fraction treatment affected the protein carbonyl content of the nematodes. CONCLUSION: The tocotrienol-rich fraction restored the lifespan of oxidative stress-induced C. elegans and reduced the accumulation of lipofuscin but did not affect protein damage. In addition, DNA oxidation was increased.
EXAGGERATED DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY TO MOSQUITO BITES IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA.

This report has reviewed the clinical histories of 8 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who manifested a marked delayed hypersensitivity type of local skin reaction to insect bites, and mosquito antigen and were capable of reacting normally to other delayed hypersensitivity antigens. We have suggested that this abnormality may represent another example of altered immunologic responsiveness in this disease, consistent with the notion that the lymphocyte is of prime importance for the development of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity.
Treatment of Kidney Stones Using Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) and Double-J Stent in Infants

Background. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has progressively acquired popularity as being the gold standard treatment for upper urinary tract lithiasis in infants since 1980. Our aim was to evaluate the outcome of ESWL for kidney stones and the use of double-J stent in infants. Material and Methods. A prospective clinical trial study performed on 50 infants with renal calculi at pelvic admitted in the Urology ward of Shafa Hospital, Sari, Iran, between 2001 and 2010. Main outcome measure of our study was clearing stones after one or more consecutive sessions of ESWL. Results. The study included 50 patients with renal calculi at pelvic. Among them, there were 35 (70%) boys and 15 (30%) girls with the age ranging from 1 to 13 months (mean of 7 month ± 3 days). All of them were treated by standard ESWL using Simons Lithostor plus machine. The stone sizes ranged from 6 mm to 22 mm. Double-J stents were placed in 11 infants (22%) with stones larger than 13 mm. Most of the patients required only one ESWL session. Conclusion. Since there were no complications following ESWL treatment, we can conclude that, in short term, ESWL is an effective and safe treatment modality for renal lithiasis in infants. In addition, we recommend double-J stent in infants with stones larger than 13 mm.
Rotavirus genotypes as etiological agents of diarrhoea in general populations of two geographic regions of Brazil

ABSTRACT Rotavirus is the main global cause of severe childhood diarrhoea among children. In 2006, Rotarix® (G1P[8]) was introduced into Brazil’s National Immunization Program. The vaccine coverage rate was 84.4% in 2009. Evidences of increasing G2P[4] after 2006 opened up the discussion about the vaccine effectiveness to non-G1 strains. The aim of this study was to identify the circulating rotavirus genotypes in two Brazilian regions during 2009. A total of 223 positive samples by immunochromatography and latex agglutination assay from the Northeast (Bahia/Pernambuco States) and Southeast (São Paulo/Rio de Janeiro States) regions were included in the study. The samples were submitted to genotyping by nested-PCR according to VP7(G) and VP4(P) and 175 samples (78.5%) were able to be characterized. Considering the characterization of VP7, the G-types detected were G1, G2, and G4 in the Northeast, and G2, G3, G5, and G9 in the Southeast. Considering the characterization of VP4, the P-types detected were P[4], P[8], and P[6]/P[9] in the Northeast and the Southeast. The most frequent mixed types found were G2P[4]/G2P[NT](81.4%), G2P[6](5.2%), G1P[6](5.2%) in the Northeast, and G2P[4]/G2P[NT](78.8%), G2P[6](8.2%), G9P[8](4.7%) in the Southeast. Among immunized individuals whose age ranged from 0-4 years, the G2P[4]/G2P[NT] genotype was identified in 91,0% of cases, and among non-immunized individuals of the same age, the G2P[4]/G2P[NT] genotype was identified in 85.7% of the cases. In accordance with the high level of vaccine coverage, the data suggest that the circulation of G2P[4] in these regions had a considerable increase after the introduction of Rotarix®.
MMS Observation of Shock‐Reflected He++ at Earth's Quasi‐Perpendicular Bow Shock

Specular reflection of protons at Earth's supercritical quasi‐perpendicular bow shock has long been known to lead to the thermalization of solar wind particles by velocity‐space dispersion. The same process has been proposed for He++ but could not be confirmed previously due to insufficient time resolution for velocity distribution measurements. We present observations and simulations of a bow shock crossing by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission on 20 November 2015 indicating that a very similar reflection process for He++ is possible, and further that the part of the incoming distribution with the highest probability of reflecting is the same for H+ and He++. However, the reflection process for He++ is accomplished by deeper penetration into the downstream magnetic fields.
A Blueprint for Full Collective Flood Risk Estimation: Demonstration for European River Flooding

Floods are a natural hazard evolving in space and time according to meteorological and river basin dynamics, so that a single flood event can affect different regions over the event duration. This physical mechanism introduces spatio‐temporal relationships between flood records and losses at different locations over a given time window that should be taken into account for an effective assessment of the collective flood risk. However, since extreme floods are rare events, the limited number of historical records usually prevents a reliable frequency analysis. To overcome this limit, we move from the analysis of extreme events to the modeling of continuous stream flow records preserving spatio‐temporal correlation structures of the entire process, and making a more efficient use of the information provided by continuous flow records. The approach is based on the dynamic copula framework, which allows for splitting the modeling of spatio‐temporal properties by coupling suitable time series models accounting for temporal dynamics, and multivariate distributions describing spatial dependence. The model is applied to 490 stream flow sequences recorded across 10 of the largest river basins in central and eastern Europe (Danube, Rhine, Elbe, Oder, Waser, Meuse, Rhone, Seine, Loire, and Garonne). Using available proxy data to quantify local flood exposure and vulnerability, we show that the temporal dependence exerts a key role in reproducing interannual persistence, and thus magnitude and frequency of annual proxy flood losses aggregated at a basin‐wide scale, while copulas allow the preservation of the spatial dependence of losses at weekly and annual time scales.