Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Posttraumatic stress disorder in children and their parents following admission to the pediatric intensive care unit: A review

Objective: To evaluate posttraumatic stress disorder in children who have been admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit and their families. Data Sources: Studies were identified through PubMed, MEDLINE, and Ovid. Study Selection: All descriptive, observational, and controlled studies with a focus on posttraumatic stress disorder and the pediatric intensive care unit were included. Data Extraction and Data Synthesis: Posttraumatic stress disorder rates in children following admission to the pediatric intensive care unit were between 5% and 28%, while rates of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms were significantly higher, 35% to 62%. There have been inconsistencies noted across risk factors. Objective and subjective measurements of disease severity were intermittently positively associated with development of posttraumatic stress disorder. There was a positive relationship identified between the child’s symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and their parents’ symptoms. The biological mechanisms associated with the development of posttraumatic stress disorder in children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit have yet to be explored. Studies in children following burn or other unintentional injury demonstrate potential relationships between adrenergic hormone levels and a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder. Likewise genetic studies suggest the importance of the adrenergic system in this pathway. The rates of posttraumatic stress disorder in parents following their child’s admission to the pediatric intensive care unit ranged between 10.5% and 21%, with symptom rates approaching 84%. It has been suggested that mothers are at increased risk for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder compared to fathers. Objective and subjective measures of disease severity yielded mixed findings with regard to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder. Protective parental factors may include education or the opportunity to discuss the parents’ feelings during the admission. Conclusions: Following admission to the pediatric intensive care unit, both children and their parents have high rates of trauma exposure, both personally and secondary exposure via other children and their families, and subsequently are reporting significant rates of posttraumatic stress disorder. To effectively treat our patients, we must recognize the signs of posttraumatic stress disorder and strive to mitigate the negative effects.
Efficacy of thermosensitive chitosan/β-glycerophosphate hydrogel loaded with β-cyclodextrin-curcumin for the treatment of cutaneous wound infection in rats

Wound infection has been a persistent problem that is common and costly. Thermosensitive hydrogel has been demonstrated to be a suitable dressing candidate due to its high moldability, easy administration and ability to maintain a moist topical environment at the wound bed. In the present study, a novel thermosensitive hydrogel was successfully prepared and characterized to have a porous inner structure and a sustained curcumin-releasing profile. The wound healing ability of the hydrogel was investigated in a wound infection model in rats. On analysis, it was observed that the hydrogel complex-dressed wounds exhibited a faster wound closure rate compared with gauze-covered wounds, which was paralleled with improved histological outcomes that were observed. Additionally, the results of in vitro antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays indicated that the hydrogel complex had distinct anti-oxidative, antimicrobial and anti-nuclear factor-κB-signaling capacities. These results suggest that this novel hydrogel may be a suitable candidate for facilitating the healing of infected cutaneous wounds in rats.
Age of riverine carbon suggests rapid export of terrestrial primary production in tropics

The balance between the storage of vascular plant carbon in soils, oxidation to carbon dioxide, and export via rivers affects calculations of the strength of terrestrial ecosystems as carbon sinks. The magnitude and timescale of the riverine export pathway are not well constrained. Here we use radiocarbon dating of lignin phenols to show that plant‐derived carbon carried by suspended sediment of the Mekong River is very young, having been produced within the last 18 years. Further, this plant‐derived carbon remains young during times of the year when bulk carbon varies from modern to over 3000 radiocarbon years old. Our results demonstrate that primary‐production derivatives are exported rapidly and suggest that the age of riverine lignin is similar to estimates of the residence time of terrestrial organic carbon in tropical catchments. These results are relevant for modeling predictions of the influence of the terrestrial biosphere on atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.
Cellular and Molecular Properties of Neurons Ih interacts with somato-dendritic structure to determine frequency response to weak alternating electric field stimulation

Enrique H. S. Toloza,* Ehsan Negahbani,* and Flavio Fröhlich Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill North, Carolina; and Carolina Center for Neurostimulation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Correlated inter‐regional variations in low frequency local field potentials and resting state BOLD signals within S1 cortex of monkeys

The hypothesis that specific frequency components of the spontaneous local field potentials (LFPs) underlie low frequency fluctuations of resting state fMRI (rsfMRI) signals was tested. The previous analyses of rsfMRI signals revealed differential inter‐regional correlations among areas 3a, 3b, and 1 of primary somatosensory cortex (S1) in anesthetized monkeys (Wang et al. [2013]: Neuron 78:1116–1126). Here LFP band(s) which correlated between S1 regions, and how these inter‐regional correlation differences covaried with rsfMRI signals were examined. LFP signals were filtered into seven bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma low, gamma high, and gamma very high), and then a Hilbert transformation was applied to obtain measures of instantaneous amplitudes and temporal lags between regions of interest (ROI) digit–digit pairs (areas 3b–area 1, area 3a–area 1, area 3a–area 3b) and digit–face pairs (area 3b–face, area 1–face, and area 3a–face). It was found that variations in the inter‐regional correlation strengths between digit–digit and digit–face pairs in the delta (1–4 Hz), alpha (9–14 Hz), beta (15–30 Hz), and gamma (31–50 Hz) bands parallel those of rsfMRI signals to varying degrees. Temporal lags between digit–digit area pairs varied across LFP bands, with area 3a mostly leading areas 1/2 and 3b. In summary, the data demonstrates that the low and middle frequency range (1–50 Hz) of spontaneous LFP signals similarly covary with the low frequency fluctuations of rsfMRI signals within local circuits of S1, supporting a neuronal electrophysiological basis of rsfMRI signals. Inter‐areal LFP temporal lag differences provided novel insights into the directionality of information flow among S1 areas at rest. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2755–2766, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Family Roles in Homes With Alcohol-Dependent Parents: An Evidence-Based Review

The behavioral health care field has seen attempts to understand the functioning of families in which a parent is dependent on alcohol as a set of roles into which the other family members fall. The most popular of these classifications taught in the United States includes five roles (enabler, hero, lost child, mascot, and scapegoat) that are used to conceptualize families and individuals in treatment and support group settings, as well as in popular self-help literature. Attempts to operationalize and measure these roles have, however, been fraught with difficulties. The resulting research base has seen conflicting evidence for the support of such roles, as well as little work on diverse families. The evidence against such well-defined family roles, the questions surrounding their development, and the difficulties of applying such constructs in real-life situations (with numerous confounding factors and unknown associated conditions) may indicate that their clinical utility does not win out over the problems inherent with this manner of classification.
Higher intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with a decreased risk of a first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination: Results from the Ausimmune Study

Background: There is contradictory evidence for a role of dietary fat in risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: To examine the association between usual fat intake (total, saturated, monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA), omega-3 and omega-6) and risk of a first clinical diagnosis of CNS demyelination (FCD). Methods: Multi-centre incident case-control study in four regions of Australia during 2003–2006. Cases were aged 18–59 years and had a FCD; controls were matched to a case on age, sex and location. Dietary data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Results: In 267 cases and 517 controls with dietary data, higher intake (per g/day) of omega-3 PUFA (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=0.61 (95% CI 0.40–0.93)), and particularly that derived from fish (AOR=0.54 (95% CI 0.31–0.93)) rather than from plants (AOR=0.75 (95% CI 0.39–1.43)) was associated with a decreased risk of FCD. Total fat intake and intake of other types of fat were not associated with FCD risk. Conclusions: There was a significant decrease in FCD risk with higher intake of omega-3 PUFA, particularly that originating from fish. There was no evidence to indicate that the intake of other types of dietary fat or fat quantity in the previous 12 months was associated with an altered risk of FCD.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Disadvantages Younger Patients for Cardiovascular Diseases: A Meta-Analysis

Introduction The incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is increased in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. It remains unclear whether the load of RA increases cardiovascular (CV) risk especially in female and in younger RA patients. In the present study we aim to analyse the influence of age and gender on CV risk in RA relative to the general population, using meta-analysis of direct comparative studies. Method Systematic literature search was performed in MEDLINE for studies reporting on occurrence of CV events in RA as compared to the general population, stratified for gender and/or age. Quality was appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Meta-analysis was performed on rate ratios using inverse variance methods. Results There were 1372 records screened and 13 studies included. RA females and males have a similar higher risk (95%CI) to develop stroke with RR 1.35 (1.30–1.40) and RR 1.31 (1.21–1.43); coronary artery disease with RR 1.65 (1.54–1.76) versus RR 1.55 ((1.41–1.69) in men; cardiovascular disease with RR 1.56 (1.49–1.62) versus 1.50 (1.41–1.60). The highest incidence of CV events was observed in the youngest patients, RR 2.59 (1.77–3.79), whereas older patients had the lowest relative risk when compared to the general population, RR 1.27 (1.16–1.38). Conclusion The relative risk of RA patients for CVD is age dependent, but does not depend on gender: the relative risk on CVD appears to be equally raised for males and females, while relatively young RA patients (<50 years) have the highest, and older patients the lowest relative risk.
Measured and modelled cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration in São Paulo, Brazil: the importance of aerosol size-resolved chemical composition on CCN concentration prediction

Abstract. Measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), aerosol size distribution and non-refractory chemical composition were performed from 16 to 31 October 2012 in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area (SPMA), Brazil. CCN measurements were performed at 0.23, 0.45, 0.68, 0.90 and 1.13% water supersaturation and were subsequently compared with the Kohler theory, considering the chemical composition. Real-time chemical composition has been obtained by deploying, for the first time in the SPMA, an aerosol chemical ionization monitor (ACSM). CCN closure analyses were performed considering internal mixtures. Average aerosol composition during the studied period yielded (arithmetic mean~± standard deviation) 4.81 ± 3.05, 3.26 ± 2.10, 0.30 ± 0.27, 0.52 ± 0.32, 0.37 ± 0.21 and 0.04 ± 0.04 μg m−3 for organics, BC, NH4, SO4, NO3 and Cl, respectively. Particle number concentration was 12 813 ± 5350 cm−3, with a dominant nucleation mode. CCN concentrations were on average 1090 ± 328 and 3570 ± 1695 cm−3 at SS = 0.23% and SS = 1.13%, respectively. Results show an increase in aerosol hygroscopicity in the afternoon as a result of aerosol photochemical processing, leading to an enhancement of both organic and inorganic secondary aerosols in the atmosphere, as well as an increase in aerosol average diameter. Considering the bulk composition alone, observed CCN concentrations were substantially overpredicted when compared with the Kohler theory (44.1 ± 47.9% at 0.23% supersaturation and 91.4 ± 40.3% at 1.13% supersaturation). Overall, the impact of composition on the calculated CCN concentration (NCCN) decreases with decreasing supersaturation, partially because using bulk composition introduces less bias for large diameters and lower critical supersaturations, defined as the supersaturation at which the cloud droplet activation will take place. Results suggest that the consideration of only inorganic fraction improves the calculated NCCN. Introducing a size-dependent chemical composition based on filter measurements from previous campaigns has considerably improved simulated values for NCCN (average overprediction error 14.8 ± 38.6% at 0.23% supersaturation and 3.6 ± 21.6% at 1.13% supersaturation). This study provides the first insight on aerosol real-time composition and hygroscopicity at a site strongly impacted by emissions of a unique vehicular fleet due to the extensive biofuel usage.
Underestimation of hepcidin concentration by time of flight mass spectrometry and competitive ELISA in hepcidin p.Gly71Asp heterozygotes

*Corresponding author: Dorine W. Swinkels, Radboud University Medical Center, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and Hepcidinanalysis.com, Geert Grooteplein 10 (route 830), 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands, E-mail: Dorine.Swinkels@Radboudumc.nl Lisa N. van der Vorm and Laurentius J. van Meijel: Radboud University Medical Center, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Joy Lips: Bernhoven Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Uden, The Netherlands Tessel E. Galesloot: Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Coby M. Laarakkers: Radboud University Medical Center, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and Hepcidinanalysis.com, Geert Grooteplein 10 (route 830), 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands Letter to the Editor
Influence of Varying Structural Parameters on Abrasion Characteristics of 50/50 Wool/Polyester Blended Fabrics

This paper reports an analysis of the influence of polyester and yarn type on the abrasion resistance of 50/50 wool/polyester blended woven fabrics. Recently developed polyester fibers put into the blend and two-strand Sirospun yams are compared with 2.5 denier standard polyester and two-fold ring yarns. Mass losses of ten fabrics abraded in the Martindale tester are obtained for eight abrasion levels and given in three groups of graphs in a comparative form. Regression analyses help describe mass loss ratios of fabrics as a function of abrasion cycles and other structural parameters. Linear and, in some cases, quadratic and cubic models help explain the acceleration in mass loss rates, and SEM photographs show surface degradation of wool blend fabrics.
Spray Granulation of Nanometric Zirconia Particles

Granulation is an essential step to improve the flowability of submicrometer and nanometric ceramic powders to make them suitable for industrial die pressing. Controlled agglomeration of yttria-stabilized zirconia nanopowders with a primary particle size of ∼16 nm was carried out using two different routes, viz. spray drying (SD) and spray freeze drying (SFD). SD yielded flowable, but hard granules while SFD produced flowable and crushable (soft) granules suitable for die pressing applications. The flowability was characterized using the Carr index and Hausner ratio and benchmarked with commercially available granulated submicrometer powder. Better flowability was achieved when SFD was performed from a high solid content suspension. The fracture surface of uniaxially die-pressed green bodies from spray freeze-dried granules showed a homogeneous microstructure, while the spray-dried granules had not lost their identity even when compacted at high applied pressures in the range of 380 MPa. The granule strength was studied from the compaction curves. Mercury intrusion porosimetry showed interagglomerate and intraagglomerate pores in the case of spray-dried powder compacts. The presence of hard granules resulted in extensive grain growth during the sintering stage and was deleterious for the final properties of the ceramics.
Circulating Cell and Plasma microRNA Profiles Differ between Non-ST-Segment and ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Background Differences in plasma and whole blood expression microRNAs (miRNAs) in patients with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have been determined in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Although most circulating miRNAs are located in the cellular components of whole blood, little is known about the miRNA profiles of whole blood subcomponents, including plasma, platelets and leukocytes in patients with myocardial ischemia. Methods Thirteen patients with a ST-segment-elevation (STEMI) or non-ST-segment elevation (NSTEMI) myocardial infarction were identified in the University of Massachusetts Medical Center Emergency Department (ED) or cardiac catheterization laboratory between February and June of 2012. Whole blood was obtained from arterial blood samples at the time of cardiac catheterization and cell-specific miRNA profiling was performed. Expression of 343 miRNAs was quantified from whole blood, plasma, platelets, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells using a high-throughput, quantitative Real-Time polymerase-chain reaction system (qRT-PCR). Results MiRNAs associated with STEMI as compared to NSTEMI patients included miR-25-3p, miR-221-3p, and miR-374b-5p. MiRNA 30d-5p was associated with plasma, platelets, and leukocytes in both STEMI and NSTEMI patients; miRNAs 221-3p and 483-5p were correlated with plasma and platelets only in NSTEMI patients. Conclusions Cell-specific miRNA profiles differed between patients with STEMI and NSTEMI. The miRNA distribution is also unique amongst plasma, platelets, and leukocytes in patients with ischemic heart disease or ACS. Our findings suggest unique miRNA profiles among the circulating subcomponents in patients presenting with myocardial ischemia.
Polyamide 6—long glass fiber injection moldings

The injection molding ability of long glass fiber reinforced polyamide pellets was studied. The injection moldable materials were produced by a melt impregnation process of continuous fiber rovings. The rovings were chopped to pellets of 9 mm length. Chopped pellets with a variation in the degree of impregnation and fiber concentration were studied. The injection molded samples were analyzed for fiber concentration, fiber length, and fiber orientation. Dumbbell-shaped tensile bars were made to evaluate the mechanical properties. The fibers in the tensile bars had a high orientation in the flow direction and minor fiber concentration gradients were observed. The fiber lengths decreased with fiber concentration from 1.6 mm for a 2 vol% to 0.6 mm for a 25 vol% system. The tensile and impact properties increased considerably with fiber concentration. A low degree of impregnation in the pellets of the fibers resulted in somewhat lower tensile and impact properties.
Contribution of Nutrient Diversity and Food Perceptions to Food and Nutrition Security Among Smallholder Farming Households in Western Kenya: A Case Study

Background: Sub-Saharan Africa is the only region in the world where hunger is prevalent in over one-third of the population, with smallholder farming households, producers of over 80% of Africa’s food, facing both calorie and micronutrient deficiencies. With agricultural systems serving as the main source of all nutrients, little is known about the extent to which agricultural diversity in different seasons can meet macro- and micronutrient needs in rural Africa. Objective: Linkages between nutrient diversity and food species were investigated. Methods: A case study was conducted in Western Kenya to assess the seasonal nutrient diversity, seasonal nutrient accessibility levels, and food perceptions in 30 smallholder farms, 7 markets, and among 97 focus group discussion participants, respectively. All present food plant and animal species were inventoried and assigned to 1 of the 7 major Food and Agriculture Organization–defined food groups. Based on 2 macronutrients and 5 micronutrients, dendrogram-based nutrient functional diversity metrics were calculated. Results: On-farm and market food species offered all 7 macro- and micronutrients under investigation, regardless of seasonal variation in species numbers. Although there were varying seasonal nutrient accessibility levels in markets, farms were especially effective in readily availing 4 of the 7 nutrients. However, the main food shortage months coincided only with maize shortage, but a diversity of local foods, deemed to be of low cultural and culinary preferences, were available. Conclusions: Nutrition education on the importance of a diversity of local foods in meeting dietary needs, thus stimulating the demand side, can contribute to achieving year-round household food security.
SimpliFly: A Methodology for Simplification and Thematic Enhancement of Trajectories

Movement data sets collected using today's advanced tracking devices consist of complex trajectories in terms of length, shape, and number of recorded positions. Multiple additional attributes characterizing the movement and its environment are often also included making the level of complexity even higher. Simplification of trajectories can improve the visibility of relevant information by reducing less relevant details while maintaining important movement patterns. We propose a systematic stepwise methodology for simplifying and thematically enhancing trajectories in order to support their visual analysis. The methodology is applied iteratively and is composed of: (a) a simplification step applied to reduce the morphological complexity of the trajectories, (b) a thematic enhancement step which aims at accentuating patterns of movement, and (c) the representation and interactive exploration of the results in order to make interpretations of the findings and further refinement to the simplification and enhancement process. We illustrate our methodology through an analysis example of two different types of tracks, aircraft and pedestrian movement.