Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Match-Up Hypothesis: Physical Attractiveness, Expertise, and the Role of Fit on Brand Attitude, Purchase Intent and Brand Beliefs

Abstract Two studies are presented that examine the role of attractiveness and expertise in the “match-up hypothesis. ” Much “match-up hypothesis” research has focused on physical attractiveness. Study One examined physical attractiveness as a match-up factor and its impact on brand attitude, purchase intent and key brand beliefs. In a 2 × 2 experiment, endorser attractiveness and product type are manipulated. Results indicated a general “attractiveness effect” on brand attitude and purchase intent but not the match-up predicted in previous literature. Study Two considered expertise as the match-up dimension. The second experiment manipulated product and endorser type. A match-up effect was found as the athlete was most effective as an endorser for the energy bar in increasing brand attitude, but not purchase intent. The variable “fit,” or “belongingness,” was shown to play an important role in match-up effects.
The study of trypanosome species circulating in domestic animals in two human African trypanosomiasis foci of Côte d'Ivoire identifies pigs and cattle as potential reservoirs of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

Background Important control efforts have led to a significant reduction of the prevalence of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) in Côte d’Ivoire, but the disease is still present in several foci. The existence of an animal reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense may explain disease persistence in these foci where animal breeding is an important source of income but where the prevalence of animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT) is unknown. The aim of this study was to identify the trypanosome species circulating in domestic animals in both Bonon and Sinfra HAT endemic foci. Methodology/Principal findings 552 domestic animals (goats, pigs, cattle and sheep) were included. Blood samples were tested for trypanosomes by microscopic observation, species-specific PCR for T. brucei sl, T. congolense, T. vivax and subspecies-specific PCR for T. b. gambiense and T. b. gambiense immune trypanolysis (TL). Infection rates varied significantly between animal species and were by far the highest in pigs (30%). T. brucei s.l was the most prevalent trypanosome species (13.7%) followed by T. congolense. No T. b. gambiense was identified by PCR while high TL positivity rates were observed using T. b. gambiense specific variants (up to 27.6% for pigs in the Bonon focus). Conclusion This study shows that domestic animals are highly infected by trypanosomes in the studied foci. This was particularly true for pigs, possibly due to a higher exposure of these animals to tsetse flies. Whereas T. brucei s.l. was the most prevalent species, discordant results were obtained between PCR and TL regarding T. b. gambiense identification. It is therefore crucial to develop better tools to study the epidemiological role of potential animal reservoir for T. b. gambiense. Our study illustrates the importance of “one health” approaches to reach HAT elimination and contribute to AAT control in the studied foci.
Low molecular weight poly(A)+ mRNA species encode factors that modulate gating of a non-Shaker A-type K+ channel

Voltage-dependent K+ channels control repolarization of action potentials and help establish firing patterns in nerve cells. To determine the nature and role of molecular components that modulate K+ channel function in vivo, we coinjected Xenopus oocytes with cRNA encoding a cloned subthreshold A-type K+ channel (mShal1, also referred to as mKv4.1) and a low molecular weight (LMW) fraction (2-4 kb) of poly(A)+ mRNA (both from rodent brain). Coinjected oocytes exhibited a significant (fourfold) increase in the surface expression of mShal1 K+ channels with no change in the open-channel conductance. Coexpression also modified the gating kinetics of mShal1 current in several respects. Macroscopic inactivation of whole oocyte currents was fitted with the sum of two exponential components. Both fast and slow time constants of inactivation were accelerated at all membrane potentials in coinjected oocytes (tau f = 47.2 ms vs 56.5 ms at 0 mV and tau s = 157 ms vs 225 ms at 0 mV), and the corresponding ratios of amplitude terms were shifted toward domination by the fast component (Af/As = 2.71 vs 1.17 at 0 mV). Macroscopic activation was characterized in terms of the time-to-peak current, and it was found to be more rapid at all membrane potentials in coinjected oocytes (9.9 ms vs 13.5 ms at 0 mV). Coexpression also leads to more rapid recovery from inactivation (approximately 2.4-fold faster at -100 mV). The coexpressed K+ currents in oocytes resemble currents expressed in mouse fibroblasts (NIH3T3) transfected only with mShal1 cDNA. These results indicate that mammalian regulatory subunits or enzymes encoded by LMW mRNA species, which are apparently missing or expressed at low levels in Xenopus oocytes, may modulate gating in some native subthreshold A-type K+ channels.
Knowledge Management in SMEs: A Literature Review

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to review research on knowledge management in small and medium‐sized enterprises to identify gaps in the current body of knowledge, which justify future research directions.Design/methodology/approach – The study consists of a systematic review of 36‐refereed empirical articles on knowledge management and small and medium‐sized enterprises.Findings – The areas of knowledge management implementation, knowledge management perception, and knowledge transfer are relatively well researched topics; whereas those of knowledge identification, knowledge storage/retention and knowledge utilisation are poorly understood. Given the prevalence of small and medium‐sized enterprises there is a strong need for more research on this important topic. The future research directions proposed by the authors may help to develop a greater understanding of knowledge management in small and medium‐sized enterprises.Research limitations/implications – By only using the ProQuest database this stud.
The TLR9 Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Cancer: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis

Background Growing studies have revealed the association between polymorphisms in the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and susceptibility to cancer, however, the results remained inconsistent. Methodology/Principal Findings To assess the effect of three selected SNPs (rs352140, rs5743836 and rs187084) in TLR9 on cancer, we performed a meta-analysis based on 11 case-control studies, including a total of 6,585 cancer cases and 7,506 controls. Summary odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for polymorphisms in TLR9 and cancer risk were estimated. Our meta-analysis indicated that rs352140 was associated with an increased cancer risk, especially in Caucasian. However, no significantly increased cancer risk was detected to be associated with rs187084 and rs5743836 either the overall or subgroup estimation. Conclusions These meta-analysis results indicate that polymorphisms in TLR9 may play a role in cancer development.
A Climatology of the Circulation and Water Mass Distribution near the Philippine Coast

Abstract This study provides a climatology of the circulation and water mass distribution by using historical data combined with observations from dozens of recent cruises near the Philippine coast. The most striking results are related to the poleward contraction of the subtropical gyre on denser surfaces, with the bifurcation of the North Equatorial Current moving from about 15°N in the upper thermocline to about 20°N at intermediate depths. Though time variability and the possible errors in the data are rather large, the Halmahera eddy (HE) is clearly seen in the climatic mean fields, lying at about 3°N, 130°E near the surface and reaching the Mindanao coast on density surfaces around 27. 2σθ. It seems that the previously observed Mindanao Undercurrent is merely a component of the recirculation associated with the HE. North Pacific Tropical Water (NPTW) and Intermediate Water (NPIW) enter the western ocean with their extreme properties centered at 15° and 20°N, respectively, and continue southward as fa.
Reductions in active plantarflexor moment are significantly correlated with static stretch duration

Abstract We investigated the effects of static stretch duration on peak isometric plantarflexor moment and passive ankle moment in seven healthy volunteers. After the passive ankle plantarflexor moment was recorded on an isokinetic dynamometer, the peak isometric ankle moment was measured with simultaneous electromyographic monitoring of the medial gastrocnemius. The participants subsequently performed a single 5-s stretch, a single 15-s stretch, four 5-s stretches, four 15-s stretches or no stretch (control) before being re-tested. All participants randomly completed each condition with a 24-h rest between tests. The main finding of the study was a significant correlation between reductions in peak moment and stretch duration (r=0.68; P<0.05), which became significantly different from the control group after four 15-s stretches (16.7%, s=5.3; P<0.05). There was a similar decrease in passive moment (20.9%, s=1.3; P<0.05) after each stretch condition, but this was not accompanied by a change in hysteresis. The electromyographic activity recorded during maximal plantarflexion did not change significantly after stretching. Our results are the first to show a duration-dependent effect of stretch on force (moment) production of the plantarflexors. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms responsible, as alterations in the stiffness properties of the muscle–tendon complex or muscle recruitment cannot completely explain the changes.
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Type Behaviours among Undergraduates and Their Relation to Learning Style

A Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) is comprised of problems with sustained attention, distractibility, impulse control and hyperactivity (APA, 1994; Barkley, 1990). It is estimated that approximately 3–7 per cent of school-age children have this disorder, but most estimates are towards the higher end of the range (Szatmari, 1992, cited in Barkley, 1997b). AD/HD is believed to show itself first in early childhood, usually between the ages of 3 and 7, although it can appear well before or after this typical age period (Barkley, 1982, 1997a, 1998). It occurs much more commonly among boys than among girls; ratios range from 2 : 1 to 5 : 1 (Accardo et al., 1990; Bhatia et al., 1991; Kanbayashi et al., 1994). Although first described by Still (1902), it was first included as ‘Attention Deficit Disorder’ (ADD) in D.S. M. III (APA, 1980). In D.S. M. IV (APA, 1994) there are nine criteria for Inattentiveness, and nine for Hyperactivity/Impulsiveness, leading to possible diagnoses of AD/HD combined type, or AD/HD predominantly Inattentive type, or AD/HD predominantly Hyperactive/ Impulsive type. People who suffer from six or more items from each of the two lists in at least two different conditions (e.g. school and home) are designated AD/HD combined type (APA, 1994), which in this study is referred to simply as ‘AD/HD’ (see Appendix 1). Within the model devised by Barkley, it is argued that the data suggest that AD/HD is specifically concerned with a deficit in the development of behavioral inhibition (Barkley, 1997a, b; Pennington and Ozonoff, 1996) and that it interferes with self-regulation and the organisation of futuredirected behaviour (Barkley, 1997a, b, 1998). It also seems that AD/HD creates insensitivity to general response consequences, rather than being primarily a disturbance in attention, as the name suggests (Barkley, 1989, 1997a, b), causing problems with motivation generally. It was found, for example, that under continual reward conditions AD/HD children usually blend in with ‘normal’ children on general tasks, but under conditions of partial or no reward the children with AD/HD decline significantly in performance (Douglas and Parry, 1983, 1994, Parry and Douglas, 1983, both cited in Barkley, 1997b). Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-type behaviours among undergraduates and their relation to learning style
Increasing incidence of severe encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis after kidney transplantation.

Why does post-transplant osteonecrosis develop? Sir, We read with interest the article by Ekmekci et al. [1], on the association of thrombophilia and osteonecrosis (ON) of the femoral head in renal transplant recipients. We previously reported a case with diffuse ON and severe osteoporosis which was unusual in its presentation in the early post-transplant period, focusing on pre-transplant hormonal changes [2]. Following our report, Dr Weinstein drew our attention to their research supporting glucocorticoid (GC)-induced ON involved in osteocyte apoptosis, by personal communication. They demonstrated that osteoblasts and osteocytes were the direct targets of GC action in vivo, and that excess levels of steroid hormone directly induced apoptosis of these cell types. Ekmekci et al. [1] reported that factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene mutations might be an important risk factor for the development of ON of the femoral head. They observed no difference in the cumulative doses of GCs and ciclosporin A between the ON and control groups, whereas Celik et al. [3] found that the 3, 6 and 12 month treatments with cumulative GC doses were significantly higher in the ON group and that there was no correlation between ON and genetic mutations of factor V Leiden, prothrombin and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). Our case had MTHFR C677T heterozygous mutation but not factor V Leiden G1691A and prothrombin G2021A mutations. In the non-transplant population, there are different reports on the relation of genetic mutations predisposing to coagulation and ON [3,4]. A recent hypothesis emphasizes the fact that vascular thrombosis is the major pathogenetic event leading to osteocyte necrosis and eventual collapse of the femoral head in ON [5]. Exogenous and endogenous factors lead to endothelial dysfunc-tion, thrombus formation and ischaemia, finally inducing apoptosis in osteocytes and osteoblasts. Thrombophilia, particularly impaired fibrinolysis, can play a potential role in thrombus formation. Decreased fibrinolytic activity through elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 levels can be associated with the subsequent development of ON and transient osteoporosis of the hip [6]. Glueck et al. [7] first ascribed a role to the PAI-1 genotype in association with ON. Ferrari et al. [6] demonstrated a strong association between the 4G/4G genotype of PAI-1 and ON in GC-treated renal transplant recipients. However, a significant correlation of the incidence of ON with PAI-14G/5G or MTHFR C677T polymorphisms was not observed in Japanese renal transplant recipients [8]. Osteocyte apoptosis may be an important mechanism in the GC-induced loss of bone …
Macro-Micro Relationships in Durkheim's Analysis of Egoistic Suicide*

Contemporary theory is increasingly concerned with macro-micro integration. An attempt is made to integrate these levels of analysis in Durkheim's theory of egoistic suicide. Does Durkheim's theory, which is a social system analysis designed to explain differences in suicide rates between groups, have micro implications for specifying which particular individuals within the group will take their lives? In attempting to answer this question by exploring the causal linkages between integration and suicide, Durkheim's theory of egoistic suicide was revealed not to be a singular theory but rather contained several different explanations. The numerous interpretations have resulted from his incompletely specified, inconsistent, unsystematized, and inadequately tested theory. These ambiguities also account for the historically inconsistent research findings that have limited sociologists' ability to advance beyond Durkheim's century-old formulations. Further areas for new research and illustrative hypothesis are suggested.
Time trends in sleep-onset difficulties among Norwegian adolescents: 1983—2005

Aims: To investigate trend data in the prevalence of sleep-onset difficulties among Norwegian adolescents covering the age groups 11, 13 and 15 years. Methods: Data were based on the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children — A WHO Cross-National Survey (HBSC) — and were collected on six occasions between 1983 and 2005. At each point in time data were obtained from representative samples comprising between 3402 and 5026 adolescents. Results: The prevalence of sleep-onset difficulties was higher among 11-year-old students compared to the 13- and 15-year-olds. Girls reported a higher prevalence than boys. A logistic regression analysis showed that the prevalence of sleep-onset difficulties overall had increased significantly since 1983, which constituted the reference year. When the analysis was broken down by age and gender, the same tendency was found in all groups. Conclusions: The prevalence of sleep-onset difficulties among adolescents has increased during the last decades. This development gives reason for concern and should receive more attention from teachers, parents and health professionals.
‘It's Quite a Journey’: Australian Parents’ Experience of Adopting Older Children from Overseas Orphanages

Intercountry adoption, often of children post-infancy, is one way of forming a family in Australia. However, few studies have invited Australian parents who have incorporated older children into their family to tell their story. Fathers are under-represented in studies of parenting generally and adoptive parenting specifically. As part requirement for a clinical psychology dissertation, with ethics approval from the relevant university, 28 parents (13 fathers and 15 mothers) were interviewed about their experiences of adopting children over the age of 24 months from orphanages in China, Ethiopia, India and Thailand. Although parents’ experiences and recollections were diverse, almost all parents had been confronted by difficult child behaviours, at least initially. Contrary to previous research, the child's gender, age or duration of institutional care did not appear related to parental experience. Six major themes emerged from parent interviews: (1) the long wait and intense emotions of adoption; (2) disparity between expectations and reality; (3) recognition of children's difficult past experiences; (4) parenting as a path to self-discovery; (5) the perception of needing to present as coping; and (6) unmet needs. Mothers blamed themselves for their children's behavioural problems, rather than attributing difficulties to children's previous adverse life events. Both mothers and fathers were reluctant to use support services because they felt scrutinised and feared repercussions, and those who sought assistance generally found professionals ill-informed and unhelpful. Parents made recommendations about how the adoptive parenting process could be improved and expressed a strong desire for more information, both pre- and post-placement.
Helena Radlinska

This article presents the work of Helena Radlinska, one of the founders of social work in Poland. Her work is discussed within the context of Polish history as the early development of social work in Poland is closely allied to the creation of a national identity. Implications for current social work practice, education and research are explored. It is proposed that Radlinska’s model expands current conceptualizations of social work practice and moves the profession towards an empowerment-based model, more effective in serving oppressed and socially underdeveloped populations.
eXpose: A Character-Level Convolutional Neural Network with Embeddings For Detecting Malicious URLs, File Paths and Registry Keys

For years security machine learning research has promised to obviate the need for signature based detection by automatically learning to detect indicators of attack. Unfortunately, this vision hasn't come to fruition: in fact, developing and maintaining today's security machine learning systems can require engineering resources that are comparable to that of signature-based detection systems, due in part to the need to develop and continuously tune the "features" these machine learning systems look at as attacks evolve. Deep learning, a subfield of machine learning, promises to change this by operating on raw input signals and automating the process of feature design and extraction. In this paper we propose the eXpose neural network, which uses a deep learning approach we have developed to take generic, raw short character strings as input (a common case for security inputs, which include artifacts like potentially malicious URLs, file paths, named pipes, named mutexes, and registry keys), and learns to simultaneously extract features and classify using character-level embeddings and convolutional neural network. In addition to completely automating the feature design and extraction process, eXpose outperforms manual feature extraction based baselines on all of the intrusion detection problems we tested it on, yielding a 5%-10% detection rate gain at 0.1% false positive rate compared to these baselines.
Adlerian “Encouragement” and the Therapeutic Process of Solution‐Focused Brief Therapy

The authors discuss the overlooked similarities between the therapeutic process of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) and the Adlerian process of therapeutic encouragement. SFBT and Adlerian therapy share common perspectives, albeit using different nomenclature, on maladjustment, the client-counselor relationship, and methods of facilitating change. The authors also present conclusions regarding the continuing relevance of Adlerian therapy for contemporary counseling practice.
High Range Resolution Ultrasonographic Vascular Imaging Using Frequency Domain Interferometry With the Capon Method

For high range resolution ultrasonographic vascular imaging, we apply frequency domain interferometry with the Capon method to a single frame of in-phase and quadrature (IQ) data acquired using a commercial ultrasonographic device with a 7.5 MHz linear array probe. In order to tailor the adaptive beamforming algorithm for ultrasonography we employ four techniques: frequency averaging, whitening, radio-frequency data oversampling, and the moving average. The proposed method had a range resolution of 0.05 mm in an ideal condition, and experimentally detected the boundary couple 0.17 mm apart, where the boundary couple was indistinguishable from a single boundary utilizing a B-mode image. Further, this algorithm could depict a swine femoral artery with a range beam width of 0.054 mm and an estimation error for the vessel wall thickness of 0.009 mm, whereas using a conventional method the range beam width and estimation error were 0.182 and 0.021 mm, respectively. The proposed method requires 7.7 s on a mobile PC with a single CPU for a 1 × 3 cm region of interest. These findings indicate the potential of the proposed method for the improvement of range resolution in ultrasonography without deterioration in temporal resolution, resulting in enhanced detection of vessel stenosis.