Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SHIFTING FITNESS LANDSCAPES IN RESPONSE TO ALTERED ENVIRONMENTS

The role of adaptation in molecular evolution has been contentious for decades. Here, we shed light on the adaptive potential in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by presenting systematic fitness measurements for all possible point mutations in a region of Hsp90 under four environmental conditions. Under elevated salinity, we observe numerous beneficial mutations with growth advantages up to 7% relative to the wild type. All of these beneficial mutations were observed to be associated with high costs of adaptation. We thus demonstrate that an essential protein can harbor adaptive potential upon an environmental challenge, and report a remarkable fit of the data to a version of Fisher's geometric model that focuses on the fitness trade‐offs between mutations in different environments.
Robust Hybrid Beamforming with Phased Antenna Arrays for Downlink SDMA in Indoor 60 GHz Channels

A hybrid architecture is presented for downlink beamforming (BF) with phased antenna arrays (PAA) in indoor 60 GHz spatial division multiple access (SDMA) channels. To manage the multiple access and inter-symbol interferences (MAI/ISI) encountered in SDMA with limited feedbacks, a cost-effective time-domain hybrid BF (HBF) method is presented to exploit the directivity provided by PAA in radio frequency (RF) beam patterns and the spatial diversity offered by multiple baseband processing modules. To maintain signal qualities under unpredictable MAI/ISI in wireless multimedia streaming to which indoor 60 GHz radio mainly applies, robust beamformers are designed to maintain the signal to interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) for each user with minimum total transmit power. The percentages in which the target SINRs can be satisfied with the proposed HBF schemes are found sensitive to uncertainties in the phase shifters of PAA. Two kinds of robust formulations are thus proposed to jointly combat the MAI, ISI and phase uncertainties. Robust beamformers with semi closed-form expressions can be obtained with a nonlinear kind of them, whose SINR satisfaction ratio can attain 80% or more by extensive simulations in an indoor two-user 60 GHz environment if RF beam patterns of the users do not highly overlap in space.
Uric Acid Is a Risk Factor for Myocardial Infarction and Stroke: The Rotterdam Study

Background and Purpose— The role of uric acid as a risk factor for myocardial infarction is controversial, and little is known about its role as a risk factor for stroke. Recent evidence suggests that uric acid may be an important causal agent in cardiovascular disease, for example, by inducing renal disease and hence hypertension. We investigated the association between serum uric acid and coronary heart disease and stroke in a large prospective population-based study. Methods— The study was based on 4385 participants of the Rotterdam Study who, at baseline (1990 to 1993), were ≥55 years of age, free from stroke and coronary heart disease, and had blood taken. Follow-up for incident stroke and myocardial infarction was complete until January 1, 2002. Data were analyzed with Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for relevant confounders. Results— Average follow-up was 8.4 years. High serum uric acid levels were associated with risk of myocardial infarction and stroke; age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) for highest versus lowest quintile of uric acid were 1.68 (1.24 to 2.27) for cardiovascular disease (515 cases), 1.87 (1.12 to 3.13) for myocardial infarction (194 cases), 1.57 (1.11 to 2.22) for stroke (381 cases), 1.77 (1.10 to 2.83) for ischemic stroke (205 cases), and 1.68 (0.68 to 4.15) for hemorrhagic stroke (46 cases). Adjustment for other vascular risk factors only slightly attenuated these associations. Associations were stronger in persons without hypertension than in those with hypertension. Conclusions— Uric acid is a strong risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke.
Radiation effects in FPGAs

Total ionizing dose (TID) effects and single event effects (SEE) in antifuse-, Flash-, and SRAM-based field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are reviewed. There is a brief discussion of the programmable element impact on the FPGA architecture. In the following sections, most radiation data are from antifuse-based FPGAs. The basic TID mechanisms are introduced and used to explain the anomalies in the FPGAs. Power supply current (ICC) and propagation delay (tP) are parameters used most often to study the TID effects. SEE is focused on the single event upset (SEU) and its various manifestations on devices. The discussion starts with basic SEU mechanisms in a latch and in a buffer. Clock upset and control logic upset are defined and studied with examples. The consequent hardening for each TID or SEE case is also discussed after the elucidation of the anomalies.
Islamicization Strategies in Kao Ancient Village, North Halmahera

Situs permukiman Kampung kuno Kao terletak di pedalaman Halmahera Utara, berdiri di atas tanah yang relatif basah diapit oleh sungai Aer Kalak, Ake Ngoali, dan Ake Jodo dan dikelilingi oleh hutan sagu dan rawa. Kondisi permukiman di situs ini membuatnya memiliki keterbatasan ruang hunian, namun orang-orang yang menghuni Kampung kuno Kao bermukim di wilayah ini dalam jangka waktu yang relatif panjang, yaitu antara 100-200 tahun, dan bahkan tercatat dalam rekam sejarah bahwa wilayah Kao dahulu menjadi penyuplai makanan pokok Ternate. Penelitian ini bersifat deduktif, yaitu menyusun sebuah hipotesa yang kemudian diuji di lapangan. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi lapangan dan ekskavasi arkeologi. Ragam data arkeologi baik artefak maupun tradisi lisan yang diperoleh di lapangan kemudian dianalisa dengan merujuk pada sumber referensi yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Situs Kao merupakan permukiman yang cukup maju dan memiliki peran cukup penting sebagai wilayah pusat Islamisasi di Halmahera. Orang-orang di Kampung kuno Kao tinggal dalam waktu lama di satu lokasi didukung oleh sumber air dan potensi tanah-tanah pertanian menjadikan wilayah Kao sebagai bagian dari jaringan perdagangan yang ramai. Kao menjadi bagian dari strategi dalam penyebaran Islam ke wilayah-wilayah pedalaman lainnya, juga daerah-daerah pesisir di Halmahera Utara.The Kao Ancient Village settlement site is located in the hinterland of North Halmahera, standing on relatively wet ground flanked by the river Aer Kalak, Ake Ngoali, and Ake Jodo and surrounded by sago and swamp forests. The settlement conditions on the site make it limited for residential space, but a community of Kao people settled in this area for a relatively long period of time between 100-200 years and even recorded in history that Kao region is the main food supplier for Ternate in the past. This research conducted surface surveys and limited excavations, then mapped the areas of artifactual findings, and identified patterns of spatial use by analyzing surface features and artifact scatters. Variety of archeological data both artifacts and oral traditions are then analyzed guided by relevant reference sources. The results show that Kao Site is an advanced settlement and has a significant role as the center of Islamicization in Halmahera. The Kao people settled for a long time in one location supported by water sources and the potential of farming lands making the Kao area a part of bustling trade networks. Kao became part of a strategy in spreading Islam to other inland areas, as well as coastal areas in North Halmahera.
Golf Coaches' Perceptions of Key Technical Swing Parameters Compared to Biomechanical Literature

Assessing a coach's technical knowledge of a sporting technique can reveal measureable biomechanical parameters associated with a successful performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the key technical parameters that golf coaches associate with a successful golf swing. Sixteen high-level golf coaches were observed coaching a highly skilled golfer after which they participated in a semi-structured interview regarding their technical analysis of the golf swing. The data were inductively analysed and five intrinsically linked key technical parameters were identified: ‘Posture’, Body Rotation’, ‘Arm and Wrist Action’, ‘Sequential Movement and Body Segments' and ‘Club Motion’. The parameters Posture and Body Rotation were further sub-categorised and compared to the existing biomechanical literature whereby gaps in knowledge were identified. The results of this study can be used to guide future golf biomechanics research and coaching technologies.
Norges Teknisk-naturvitenskapelige Universitet Approximate Bayesian Inference for Nonhomogeneous Poisson Processes with Application to Survival Analysis Approximate Bayesian Inference for Nonhomogeneous Poisson Processes with Application to Survival Analysis

Multiple event data occur in survival analysis when two or more events occur to a subject in the study. Examples include the occurrence of asthma attacks in respirology trials, the recurrence of tumours after surgical removal in cancer studies and recurrent heart attacks of coronary patients being treated for heart disease. We discuss a Bayesian semiparametric model for such multiple event data. We assume that multiple events occur according to a nonhomogeneous Poisson process. We decompose the intensity function into the product of various terms. First is a baseline intensity, second a term which includes the effect of various covariates, and third a frailty term to take care of heterogeneity among different individuals with respect to their tendency to develop events. We model the baseline intensity using a piecewise constant model. We demonstrate that we can rewrite the model into a latent Gaussian model which allows us to perform Bayesian inference using integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLA) ((Rue et al., 2009)). The big benefit is computational speed, as most models do not require more than a few seconds to run, but also accuracy in the results as the errors in the approximation are relative and not additive as with Monte Carlo based inference. We illustrate our approach using both simulated and real life data.
Reconstruction of The Selodang Mayang Dance at Amantubillah Palace in Mempawah, West Kalimantan Province

This article is the result of research that focuses on the main issue of how the process of reconstructing the Selodang Mayang dance at Amantubillah Palace takes place. The Selodang Mayang dance is a welcoming dance that developed within the Royal Palace of Amantubillah in Mempawah Regency, West Kalimantan Province. The aim of this research was to understand and explain each stage of the reconstruction process of the Selodang Mayang dance, which aimed to revive the Selodang Mayang dance. The forms of the reconstructed Selodang Mayang dance include 1) Movement, 2) Music, 3) Costumes and Makeup, 4) Props, and 5) Floor Patterns. This research employed a qualitative method with an interaction analysis approach. The results of this research revealed a series of movements of the Selodang Mayang dance that use basic graceful steps of lenggang, with arms waving left and right in accordance with the rhythm of the accompanying music. In these movements, there are absolute rules from the palace regarding the motifs of the Selodang Mayang dance, such as graceful steps, arms not lifted beyond 45 degrees, a smiling face, no spinning movements, not turning the back to guests, keeping the legs from spreading wide, and adapting the movements to the lyrics used in the accompanying Selodang Mayang dance. The research findings also include the process conducted by the Selodang Mayang dance reconstruction team in the effort to preserve classical dance art. The objective of this research was to understand, study, and preserve the cultural values existing in Mempawah Regency, so that the Selodang Mayang dance continues to exist and thrive within the palace and the local community.
In vitro simultaneous measurements of relaxation and nitric oxide concentration in rat superior mesenteric artery

1 The relationship between nitric oxide (NO) concentration measured with an NO‐specific microelectrode and endothelium‐dependent relaxation was investigated in isolated rat superior mesenteric artery contracted with 1 μM noradrenaline. 2 Acetylcholine (10 μM) induced endothelium‐dependent simultaneous increases in luminal NO concentration of 21 ± 6 nM, and relaxations with pD2 values and maximum of 6.95 ± 0.32 and 97.5 ± 0.7 % (n= 7), respectively. An inhibitor of NO synthase, NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine (L‐NOARG, 100 μM) inhibited the relaxations and increases in NO concentration induced by acetylcholine. 3 Oxyhaemoglobin (10 μM) reversed the relaxations and increases in NO concentrations induced by acetylcholine, S‐nitroso‐N‐acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and S‐morpholino‐sydnonimine (SIN‐1), but not the relaxations induced with forskolin. Oxyhaemoglobin also decreased the NO concentration below baseline level. 4 In the presence of L‐NOARG (100 μM), a small relaxation to acetylcholine (10 μM) of noradrenaline‐contracted segments was still seen; oxyhaemogobin inhibited this relaxation and decreased the NO concentration by 14 ± 4 nM (n= 4). 4 The NO concentration‐relaxation relationship for acetylcholine resembled that for SNAP and SIN‐1 more than for authentic NO. Thus while 7‐17 nM NO induced half‐maximal relaxations in response to SNAP or SIN‐1, 378 ± 129 nM NO (n= 4) was needed for half‐maximal relaxation to authentic NO. 5 The present study provides direct evidence that the relaxation of the rat superior mesenteric artery with the endothelium‐dependent vasodilator acetylcholine is correlated to the endogeneous release of NO. The study also suggests that NO mediates the L‐NOARG‐resistant relaxations in this artery, and that there is a basal NO release.
Revisiting Square-Root ORAM: Efficient Random Access in Multi-party Computation

Hiding memory access patterns is required for secure computation, but remains prohibitively expensive for many interesting applications. Prior work has either developed custom algorithms that minimize the need for data-dependant memory access, or proposed the use of Oblivious RAM (ORAM) to provide a general-purpose solution. However, most ORAMs are designed for client-server scenarios, and provide only asymptotic benefits in secure computation. Even the best prior schemes show concrete benefits over naïve linear scan only for array sizes greater than 100. This immediately implies each ORAM access is 100 times slower than a single access at a known location. Even then, prior evaluations ignore the substantial initialization cost of existing schemes. We show how the classical square-root ORAM of Goldreich and Ostrovsky can be modified to overcome these problems, even though it is asymptotically worse than the best known schemes. Specifically, we show a design that has over 100x lower initialization cost, and provides benefits over linear scan for just 8 blocks of data. For all benchmark applications we tried, including Gale-Shapley stable matching and the scrypt key derivation function, our scheme outperforms alternate approaches across a wide range of parameters, often by several orders of magnitude.
Interdependency in Multimodel Climate Projections: Component Replication and Result Similarity

Multimodel ensembles are the main way to deal with model uncertainties in climate projections. However, the interdependencies between models that often share entire components make it difficult to combine their results in a satisfactory way. In this study, how the replication of components (atmosphere, ocean, land, and sea ice) between climate models impacts the proximity of their results is quantified precisely, in terms of climatological means and future changes. A clear relationship exists between the number of components shared by climate models and the proximity of their results. Even the impact of a single shared component is generally visible. These conclusions are true at both the global and regional scales. Given available data, it cannot be robustly concluded that some components are more important than others. Those results provide ways to estimate model interdependencies a priori rather than a posteriori based on their results, in order to define independence weights.
Understorey birds nests predation in afrotropical forest ecosystem: A case study of Korup area, Cameroon

Worldwide understorey nesting bird species such as bulbuls can also be highly vulnerable to nest predation in disturbed landscapes because they breed mainly on the lower stage of the forest. We test the following hypotheses: the transformation of forests into alternative land use systems and the vegetation’s variables at the nesting sites will affect the understorey nest predation rates. The nests of 12 understorey bird species were surveyed and vegetation variables were measured within five types of habitats along a gradient of increasing forest destruction in the north-eastern peripheral zone of the Korup National Park in Cameroon. Only the open-cup nest type suffers from predation, mostly egg predation. The general linear mixed model analysis suggests that the types of habitat do not affect nest daily predation rate which decreases with increasing trees and understorey plant density. The most deleterious impact of deforestation in this study area is the reduction of nesting sites whose characteristics remain unchanged across the landscape. These results underscore the need to give understorey nesting species, as well as other particularly sensitive groups, special consideration within conservation strategies such as the reduced-impact logging techniques. Key words: Cameroon, deforestation, land-use system, nest predation, understorey birds.
Randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial to assess the potential of cannabinoid receptor stimulation in the treatment of dystonia

Cannabis may have medicinal uses in a variety of diseases. The neural mechanisms underlying dystonia involve abnormalities within the basal ganglia—in particular, overactivity of the lateral globus pallidus (GPl). Cannabinoid receptors are located presynaptically on GABA terminals within the GPi, where their activation reduces GABA reuptake. Cannabinoid receptor stimulation may thus reduce overactivity of the GPl and thereby reduce dystonia. A double‐blind, randomised, placebo‐controlled, crossover study using the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist nabilone in patients with generalised and segmental primary dystonia showed no significant reduction in dystonia following treatment with nabilone. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Analysis of drug metabolism activities in a miniaturized liver cell bioreactor for use in pharmacological studies

Based on a hollow fiber perfusion technology with internal oxygenation, a miniaturized bioreactor with a volume of 0.5 mL for in vitro studies was recently developed. Here, the suitability of this novel culture system for pharmacological studies was investigated, focusing on the model drug diclofenac. Primary human liver cells were cultivated in bioreactors and in conventional monolayer cultures in parallel over 10 days. From day 3 on, diclofenac was continuously applied at a therapeutic concentration (6.4 µM) for analysis of its metabolism. In addition, the activity and gene expression of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 were assessed. Diclofenac was metabolized in bioreactor cultures with an initial conversion rate of 230 ± 57 pmol/h/106 cells followed by a period of stable conversion of about 100 pmol/h/106 cells. All CYP activities tested were maintained until day 10 of bioreactor culture. The expression of corresponding mRNAs correlated well with the degree of preservation. Immunohistochemical characterization showed the formation of neo‐tissue with expression of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 and the drug transporters breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) in the bioreactor. In contrast, monolayer cultures showed a rapid decline of diclofenac conversion and cells had largely lost activity and mRNA expression of the assessed CYP isoforms at the end of the culture period. In conclusion, diclofenac metabolism, CYP activities and gene expression levels were considerably more stable in bioreactor cultures, making the novel bioreactor a useful tool for pharmacological or toxicological investigations requiring a highly physiological in vitro representation of the liver. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109: 3172–3181. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Review of some Pure-Pursuit based Path Tracking Techniques for Control of Autonomous Vehicle

paper gives a brief review of few common path tracking techniques used in the design of autonomous vehicles. Technique such as pure-pursuit, vector pursuit as well as CF- pursuit which are all based on the pure-pursuit techniques were discussed and a detailed comparism was made between these geometric techniques. Also this review work discusses areas were little research has been done. Areas such as tracking of an implicit part of a mobile robot and proposes an area where feature research can be done such as tracking of both implicit and explicit path for a non-holonomic mobile robot.
MAINTENANCE OF DYNAMIC STRAIN SIMILARITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS FACTOR IN DIFFERENT FLOW HABITATS: THALLUS ALLOMETRY AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF A GIANT KELP

We have focused on the giant kelp Nereocystis luetkeana to examine the mechanical scaling of benthic marine organisms loaded in tension by hydrodynamic forces. If we consider simply the allometry of the kelp's morphological characters, we conclude that their stipes are underscaled relative to the blade area they support (i.e. that the kelp do not maintain stress or elastic similarity as they grow). However, a closer look at the characteristics of these kelp in the field reveals (1) that they have different blade shapes (and hence drag coefficients) and stipe material properties in different hydrodynamic environments, and (2) that they show a decrease in drag coefficient as they become larger. One consequence of these adjustments of blade and stipe morphology is that the maximum stresses in N. luetkeana stipes, when the kelp are pulled by peak tidal currents in their respective habitats, are similar for kelp of different sizes and for kelp from different sites. Hence, sessile organisms such as these kelp can, via their growth responses in different mechanical environments, show a phenomenon analogous to dynamic strain similarity. In addition, N. luetkeana also maintain a constant environmental stress factor, the ratio of the stress required to break a component of an organism (in this case the stipe) at some stage in its life to the maximum stress normally encountered in the habitat by that component during that stage (in this case, stress due to the drag on a kelp exposed to the peak tidal currents typical of the site at which it lives), both between habitats and as they grow.