Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topic diversity in tag recommendation

Tag recommendation approaches have historically focused on maximizing the relevance of the recommended tags for a given object, such as a movie or a song. Nevertheless, different users may be interested in the same object for different reasons---for instance, the Star Wars movies may appeal to both adventure as well as to fantasy movie fans. In this situation, a sensible strategy is to provide a user with diverse recommendations of how to tag the object. In this paper, we address the problem of recommending relevant and diverse tags as a ranking problem. In particular, we propose a novel tag recommendation approach that explicitly takes into account the possible topics (e.g., categories) underlying an object in order to promote tags with high coverage and low redundancy with respect to these topics. We thoroughly evaluate our proposed approach using data collected from two popular Web 2.0 applications, namely, LastFM and MovieLens. Our experimental results attest the effectiveness of our approach at promoting more relevant and diverse tags in contrast to state-of-the-art relevance-based methods as well as a recently proposed method that takes both relevance and diversity into account.
OrchSec: An orchestrator-based architecture for enhancing network-security using Network Monitoring and SDN Control functions

The original design of the Internet did not take network security aspects into consideration, instead it aimed to facilitate the process of information exchange between end-hosts. Consequently, many protocols that are part of the Internet infrastructure expose a set of vulnerabilities that can be exploited by attackers. To reduce these vulnerabilities, several security approaches were introduced as a form of add-ons to the existing Internet architecture. However, these approaches have their drawbacks (e.g., lack of centralized control, and automation). In this paper, to address these drawbacks, the features provided by Software Defined Networking (SDN) such as network-visibility, centralized management and control are considered for developing security applications. Although the SDN architecture provides features that can aid in the process of network security, it has some deficiencies when it comes to using SDN for security. To address these deficiencies, several architectural requirements are derived to adapt the SDN architecture for security use cases. For this purpose, OrchSec, an Orchestrator-based architecture that utilizes Network Monitoring and SDN Control functions to develop security applications is proposed. The functionality of the proposed architecture is demonstrated, tested, and validated using a security application.
Food allergy: nuts and tree nuts

Nuts are a well-defined cause of food allergy, which affect approximately 1 % of the general population in the UK and the USA. There do appear to be differences in the frequency of nut allergy between different countries because of different dietary habits and cooking procedures. For example, in the USA and France, peanuts are one of the most frequent causes of food allergy, but in other countries, it seems to be less common. Genetic factors, in particular, appear to play a role in the development of peanut allergy. While the majority of nut allergens are seed storage proteins, other nut allergens are profilins and pathogenesis-related protein homologues, considered as panallergens because of their widespread distribution in plants. The presence of specific IgE antibodies to several nuts is a common clinical finding, but the clinical relevance of this cross-reactivity is usually limited. Allergic reactions to nuts appear to be particularly severe, sometimes even life-threatening, and fatal reactions following their ingestion have been documented. Food allergy is diagnosed by identifying an underlying immunological mechanism (i.e. allergic testing), and establishing a causal relationship between food ingestion and symptoms (i.e. oral challenges). In natural history investigations carried out in peanut-allergic children, approximately 20 % of the cases outgrew their allergy or developed oral tolerance. The treatment of nut allergies should include patient and family education about avoiding all presentations of the food and the potential for a severe reaction caused by accidental ingestion. Patients and families should be instructed how to recognise early symptoms of an allergic reaction and how to treat severe anaphylaxis promptly.
Urinary Prothrombin Fragment 1+2 in relation to Development of Non-Symptomatic and Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolic Events following Total Knee Replacement

Prothrombin fragment 1+2 is excreted in urine (uF1+2) as a result of in vivo thrombin generation and can be a marker of coagulation status after an operative procedure. This study compared uF1+2 levels in patients with symptomatic and non-symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) after total knee replacement (TKR) and in event-free sex- and age-matched controls. Significantly higher median uF1+2 levels were seen in the VTE patients on days 1, 3, and the day of venography (mostly day 7) after TKR compared with controls. The uF1+2 levels tended to be high in some patients with symptomatic VTE; however, the discriminatory efficacy of the test could not be evaluated. In conclusion, this study showed that patients with VTE tend to have significantly higher uF1+2 levels compared with patients without events between days 1 and 7 after TKR surgery. Measurement of uF1+2 could provide a simple, non-invasive clinical test to identify patients at risk of VTE.
Beneficial effects of robot-mediated class activities on a child with ASD and his typical classmates

Objective: The current educational intervention investigates how the use of the educational robot as an assistive tool can aid young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder helping them strengthen relationships and improving their interaction with typically developing children. Method: For this purpose an interdisciplinary road safety program was implemented involving the construction, programming and operation of a 3D LEGO robot bicycle model. Results: The results showed that the use of educational robotics appeared to bring about a change in the indifferent attitude of the typically developing students towards the students with ASD. In addition in contributed to the development of the social, communicational and emotionsl skills of the child with ASD and lead to a reduction in his challenging behaviors.
Adaptive Incremental Stippling using the Poisson-Disk Distribution

Abstract Recently efficient algorithms have been published for generating large point sets with Poisson-disk distribution. With their blue noise spectral characteristics, Poisson-disk distributions are considered to produce visually pleasing patterns. Some applications, e.g., non photo-realistic rendering (NPR), require, in addition to efficiency, the production of aesthetically pleasing point sets adapted to an arbitrary image or function. We present a novel linear order stippling method that generates a set of points with Poisson-disk distribution adapted to arbitrary images and compare this method with existing methods using two quantitative evaluation metrics, radial mean and anisotropy, to assess the technique.
Videography-Based Unconstrained Video Analysis

Video analysis and understanding play a central role in visual intelligence. In this paper, we aim to analyze unconstrained videos, by designing features and approaches to represent and analyze videography styles in the videos. Videography denotes the process of making videos. The unconstrained videos are defined as the long duration consumer videos that usually have diverse editing artifacts and significant complexity of contents. We propose to construct a videography dictionary, which can be utilized to represent every video clip as a sequence of videography words. In addition to semantic features, such as foreground object motion and camera motion, we also incorporate two novel interpretable features to characterize videography, including the scale information and the motion correlations. We then demonstrate that, by using statistical analysis methods, the unique videography signatures extracted from different events can be automatically identified. For real-world applications, we explore the use of videography analysis for three types of applications, including content-based video retrieval, video summarization (both visual and textual), and videography-based feature pooling. In the experiments, we evaluate the performance of our approach and other methods on a large-scale unconstrained video dataset, and show that the proposed approach significantly benefits video analysis in various ways.
Serial T0: Approximate bus encoding for energy-efficient transmission of sensor signals

Off-chip serial buses are common in embedded systems, and due to the long physical lines, can contribute significantly to their energy consumption. However, these buses are often connected to analog sensors, whose data is inherently affected by noise and A/D errors. Thus, communication can tolerate small approximations, without a significant impact on the system outputs quality. In this paper we propose an energy-efficient approximate serial encoding for sensors data, inspired by the T0 technique for parallel buses. Despite its small encoder/decoder overheads, this method is capable of significantly reducing dynamic power (> 90%) in off-chip serial lines, with negligible average error (<;1%) on decoded data.
The universality of Penrose limits near space-time singularities

We prove that Penrose limits of metrics with arbitrary singularities of power-law type show a universal leading u−2-behaviour near the singularity provided that the dominant energy condition is satisfied and not saturated. For generic power-law singularities of this type the oscillator frequencies of the resulting homogeneous singular plane wave turn out to lie in a range which is known to allow for an analytic extension of string modes through the singularity. The discussion is phrased in terms of the recently obtained covariant characterisation of the Penrose limit; the relation with null geodesic deviation is explained in detail.
Fear Learning Increases the Number of Polyribosomes Associated with Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses in the Barrel Cortex

Associative fear learning, resulting from whisker stimulation paired with application of a mild electric shock to the tail in a classical conditioning paradigm, changes the motor behavior of mice and modifies the cortical functional representation of sensory receptors involved in the conditioning. It also induces the formation of new inhibitory synapses on double-synapse spines of the cognate barrel hollows. We studied density and distribution of polyribosomes, the putative structural markers of enhanced synaptic activation, following conditioning. By analyzing serial sections of the barrel cortex by electron microscopy and stereology, we found that the density of polyribosomes was significantly increased in dendrites of the barrel activated during conditioning. The results revealed fear learning-induced increase in the density of polyribosomes associated with both excitatory and inhibitory synapses located on dendritic spines (in both single- and double-synapse spines) and only with the inhibitory synapses located on dendritic shafts. This effect was accompanied by a significant increase in the postsynaptic density area of the excitatory synapses on single-synapse spines and of the inhibitory synapses on double-synapse spines containing polyribosomes. The present results show that associative fear learning not only induces inhibitory synaptogenesis, as demonstrated in the previous studies, but also stimulates local protein synthesis and produces modifications of the synapses that indicate their potentiation.
Quaternary InGaAsSb Thermophotovoltaic Diodes

InxGa1-xAsySb1-y thermophotovoltaic (TPV) diodes were grown lattice matched to GaSb substrates by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy in the bandgap range of EG = 0.5 to 0.6 eV. InGaAsSb TPV diodes, utilizing front-surface spectral control filters, are measured with thermal-to-electric conversion efficiency and power density (PD) of nTPV = 19.7% and PD = 0.58 W/cm2, respectively, for a radiator temperature of Tradiator = 950 degC, diode temperature of Tdiode = 27 degC, and diode bandgap of EG = 0.53 eV. Practical limits to TPV energy conversion efficiency are established using measured recombination coefficients and optical properties of front surface spectral control filters which for 0.53-eV InGaAsSb TPV energy conversion are nTPV = 28% and PD = 0.85 W/cm2 at the above operating temperatures. The most severe performance limits are imposed by 1) diode open-circuit voltage (VOC) limits due to intrinsic Auger recombination and 2) parasitic photon absorption in the inactive regions of the module. Experimentally, the diode VOC is 15% below the practical limit imposed by intrinsic Auger recombination processes. Analysis of InGaAsSb diode electrical performance versus diode architecture indicates that VOC and thus efficiency are limited by extrinsic recombination processes such as through bulk defects
On the State of NoSQL Benchmarks

The proliferation of Big Data systems and namely NoSQL databases has resulted in a tremendous heterogeneity in its offerings. It has become increasingly difficult to compare and select the most optimal NoSQL storage technology. Current benchmark efforts, such as the Yahoo! Cloud Serving Benchmark (YCSB), evaluate simple read and write operations on a primary key. However, while YCSB has become the de-facto benchmark solution for practitioners and NoSQL vendors, it is lacking in capabilities to extensively evaluate specific NoSQL solutions. In this paper, we present a systematic survey of current NoSQL benchmarks, in which we identify a clear gap in benchmarking more advanced workloads (e.g. nested document search) for features specific to NoSQL database families (e.g. document stores). Secondly, based on our survey, we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the different benchmark design approaches, and argue in favor of a benchmark suite that targets specific families of NoSQL databases yet still allows overall comparison of databases in terms of their commonalities.
ASPERMATOGENESIS IN THE GUINEA PIG INDUCED BY TESTICULAR TISSUE AND ADJUVANTS

The injection into the dorsal skin of a suspension of guinea pig testis or spermia incorporated in a water-in-oil emulsion containing killed mycobacteria induces aspermatogenesis in guinea pigs. The injury begins with the inhibition of the maturation of spermia and proceeds through the degeneration and exfoliation of spermatids, spermatocytes, and finally spermatogonia. These germinal cells pass from the seminiferous tubules into the epididymis. The process is not associated with inflammation. No significant changes occur in the intertubular spaces and the Leydig cells do not seem to be affected. The seminal vesicles and the prostate remain normal. The aspermatogenesis may begin in 10 days and it lasts for more than 5 months. The process may lead to atrophy of the seminiferous tubules and fibrosis. Guinea pigs which receive a suspension of their own testis or spermia and adjuvants develop a similar injury. The "mitochondrial" fraction of the testis of guinea pig is effective while repeated injections of alcoholic extract of testis emulsified with paraffin oil containing mycobacteria do not cause aspermatogenesis. The presence of acid-fast bacilli in the water-in-oil emulsion containing testis or spermia seems to be essential for the production of testicular lesions; the injection of antigen and mycobacteria into different sites is ineffective. When guinea pig testis is replaced by guinea pig liver or kidney or rabbit testis no testicular damage occurs. The injection of rabbit spinal cord combined with adjuvants results in allergic encephalomyelitis in a large proportion of guinea pigs, accompanied by a great loss of weight. The testes of a few of these animals show a varying degree of aspermatogenesis. When guinea pig brain is combined with adjuvants and administered subcutaneously the incidence of testicular injury is high, although the damage is, in general, mild. From the standpoint of mechanism, the inhibition of spermatogenesis which occurs in these animals may be unrelated to the injury which follows the injection of germinal cells. Aspermatogenesis follows the injection of killed mycobacteria in paraffin oil into the testis as well as into certain sites related to the gonad: the abdominal cavity, the subcutaneous tissue over the abdomen, and the skin of the inguinal region. Antibodies fixing complement in the presence of spermia are demonstrable in the sera of guinea pigs injected with testis or spermia and adjuvants. When the mycobacteria are omitted the titers are low and no testicular injury occurs. Although there seems to be a correlation between testicular damage and complement-fixing titer, this may not be a causal relationship. Antibodies which neutralize guinea pig hyaluronidase and those which immobilize spermia have also been demonstrated in the sera of these guinea pigs.
Nber Working Paper Series Generalized Agency Problems I Am Grateful for Suggestions From

Agency problems in economics virtually always entail self-interested agency exhibiting “insufficient” loyalty to principal. Social psychology also has a literature, mainly derived from work by Stanley Milgram, on issues of agency, but this emphasizes excessive loyalty – people undergoing a so-called “agentic shift” and forsaking rationality for loyalty to a legitimate principal, as when “loyal” soldiers obey orders to commit atrocities. This literature posit that individuals experience a deep inner satisfaction from acts of loyalty – essentially a “utility of loyalty” – and that this both buttresses institutions organized as hierarchies and explains much human misery. Agency problems of excessive loyalty, as when boards kowtow to errant CEOs and controlling shareholders, may be as economically important in corporate finance as the more familiar problems of insufficient loyalty of corporate insiders to shareholders. Overt conflict between rival authorities is shown to reverse the “agentic shift” – justifying institutions that formalize argumentation such as the adversary system in Common Law courts; the Official Opposition in Westminster democracies; discussants and referees in academia; and independent directors, non-executive chairs, and proxy contests in corporate governance.
A brief survey of advances in Particle Swarm Optimization on Graphic Processing Units

In the last few years, the Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) emerged as an exciting new hardware environment available for a truly parallel implementation and execution of Nature and Bio-inspired Algorithms. In contrast to common multicore CPUs that contain up to tens of independent cores, the GPUs represent a massively parallel single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD) devices that can nowadays reach peak performance of hundreds and thousands of giga FLOPS (floating-point operations per second). Nature and Bio-inspired Algorithms often adopt populational problem solving approaches and implement parallel optimization strategies in which group or groups of candidate solutions search for optimal solutions. Swarm Intelligence and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in particular can be seen as multiagent methods in which the interaction of simple independent agents yields intelligent collective behavior. Such algorithms especially fit to the architecture of the GPUs. This survey provides a brief overview of the latest state-of-the-art research on the design, implementation, and applications of PSO-based methods on the GPUs.
The diagnosis and management of gastric cancer

#### Summary points Age standardised mortality rates for gastric cancer are 14.3 per 100 000 in men and 6.9 per 100 000 in women worldwide.1 Incidence shows clear regional and sex variations—rates are highest in eastern Asia, eastern Europe, and South America and lowest in northern and southern Africa.1 Early diagnosis is crucial because of the possibility of early metastasis to the liver, pancreas, omentum, oesophagus, bile ducts, and regional and distant lymph nodes.2 Using evidence from large randomised controlled trials, meta-analyses, cohort studies, and case-control studies this review aims to outline preventive strategies, highlight the presenting features of gastric cancer, and guide generalists in early diagnosis, referral, and treatment. #### Sources and selection criteria We searched PubMed to identify peer reviewed original articles, meta-analyses, and reviews. Search terms were gastric cancer, cancer of the stomach, gastric adenocarcinoma, gastro-oesophageal cancer, gastric neoplasm, and neoplasm of the stomach. We considered only those papers that were written in English, published within the past 10 years, and which described studies that had adequate scientific validity. Gastric …
Are Classical Black Holes Hot or Cold

In the early 1970s it is was realized that there is a striking formal analogy between the Laws of black-hole mechanics and the Laws of classical thermodynamics. Before the discovery of Hawking radiation, however, it was generally thought that the analogy was only formal, and did not reflect a deep connection between gravitational and thermodynamical phenomena. It is still commonly held that the surface gravity of a stationary black hole can be construed as a true physical temperature and its area as a true entropy only when quantum effects are taken into account; in the context of classical general relativity alone, one cannot cogently construe them so. Does the use of quantum field theory in curved spacetime offer the only hope for taking the analogy seriously? I think the answer is 'no'. To attempt to justify that answer, I shall begin by arguing that the standard argument to the contrary is not physically well founded, and in any event begs the question. Looking at the various ways that the ideas of "temperature" and "entropy" enter classical thermodynamics then will suggest arguments that, I claim, show the analogy between classical black-hole mechanics and classical thermodynamics should be taken more seriously, without the need to rely on or invoke quantum mechanics. In particular, I construct an analogue of a Carnot cycle in which a black hole "couples" with an ordinary thermodynamical system in such a way that its surface gravity plays the role of temperature and its area that of entropy. Thus, the connection between classical general relativity and classical thermodynamics on their own is already deep and physically significant, independent of quantum mechanics.