Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Caregivers’ attitudes, knowledge and practices of oral care at nursing homes in Serbia.

Background/Aim Within the elderly population, residents in nursing homes, there is a greather risk of caries, periodontal disease and teeth loss. Assistance of caregivers in maintaininig good oral hygiene besides improving oral health can improve of residents general health and the qulity of their lives. The aim of this study was to examine the attitudes of caregivers and knowledge about oral health, as well as the practice regarding oral care they apply at nursing homes in Serbia. Methods The survey was conducted at the Gerontology Center Belgrade, consisting of four nursing homes located in the urban area. The study included 58 caregivers. They were contacted on working days, in all work shifts, during January, February and March of 2013. They were asked to fill in a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 26 closed-type questions. Results The caregivers mostly considered that it was very important to take care of oral health of the residents, but 69% responded that the level of their oral health was low or very low. As the main barriers to oral hygiene maintenance, the caregivers indicated lack of time. The caregivers had more knowledge about periodontal disease than about the main cause of caries and its prevention. Formal medical education had the influence on the knowledge about oral diseases. Oral hygiene procedures carried out by the mayority of caregivers were denture cleaning and tooth brushing. Conclusion The caregivers were aware of the limitations in everyday oral care of nursing homes residents in Serbia, although solving these problems requires the involvement of the entire public health service.
Greening the CAP: how the improved design and implementation of agri-environment schemes can enhance the delivery of environmental benefits

Farming is the predominant land use in the European Union (EU) and approximately 172 million hectares of land in the EU-27 (the 27 countries comprising the EU) are devoted to agriculture (European Union DirectorateGeneral for Agriculture and Rural Development 2007). While economically and socially important, the rapid post-war transformation of agriculture in many parts of Europe had important environmental consequences and has been responsible for the decline in many important species and habitats found on agricultural land. The reasons for this decline relate to new agricultural practices, ranging from changes in cultivation techniques to the loss of hedgerows and field margins (Berger et al. 2006). As well as this ecological damage, a range of other environmental goods and services has been found to be adversely affected by the increased intensification of agriculture and the associated changes in land management. The role played by agricultural support policies, in particular the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), in encouraging these changes has been widely acknowledged (e.g. Pretty 1998) and since the mid-1980s a range of policies has been introduced in the EU to reverse the trend of environmental degradation associated with many forms of agricultural land use (Brouwer and van der Straaten 2002). This so-called ‘greening’ of the CAP represents a major shift in EU policy and has encompassed a range of important policy innovations. This has been financed by a shift towards higher funding for EU rural development policies, from funds originally directed at market support and direct aid. From an environmental perspective, the most important elements of rural development policy are the socalled ‘agri-environment schemes’ (AESs), which are implemented through voluntary agreements that offer farmers payments in return for them adopting environmentally friendly farming practices or for providing environmental services. From an economic perspective, such schemes seek to a correct a market failure that results in the under-provision to society of certain desirable non-market goods and services (Baylis et al. 2008). By asking farmers to adopt methods that increase the production of environmental goods and services, the capacity of their land to generate revenue is reduced and therefore participating landowners must be compensated. Other costs associated with the adoption and implementation of these schemes mean that farmers may require greater levels of compensation than those that merely reflect the opportunity costs of changing farming practices. Substantial Journal of Environmental Planning and Management Vol. 52, No. 5, July 2009, 571–574
Tourism and the Millennium Development Goals: perspectives beyond 2015

As 2015 approaches, debates about the contribution to the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (UN MDGs) are growing in momentum. The aim of this review is to interrogate the potential contributions of tourism to the UN MDGs, specifically of poverty alleviation, and of how the relationship between tourism development and the UN MDGs has been framed in existing scholarship. It is argued that whilst the global tourism industry potentially can contribute to economic development goals in destination regions, its impacts are ambivalent so that there is a growing concern surrounding the local benefits of global tourism including support for realisation of the UN MDGs. To avert the risks in the Global South of tourism-led development, the industry needs to be clearly positioned as a potential tool for, not at the end of local, regional, national and global development agendas. Several promising research avenues for interrogating tourism impacts for UN MDGs are identified. Issues relating to greening of tourism, inclusive business models and backward linkages offer a powerful policy-relevant agenda for tourism scholarship to move forward our understanding of the UN MDG objectives, which were originally set down in 2000, beyond 2015.
Income Generation in the African and Coloured Population: Three essays on the origins of household incomes in South Africa

The dissertation comprises three empirical analyses focusing on the origins of South African households? income sources. The income sources are categorized to reflect the households? varying extent of economic core sector integration. All three chapters contain analyses of household survey data from 1995 and focus on the African and coloured population. Chapter 1 explores the extent to which inequality in a sample African and coloured individuals can be attributed specific labour-market related characteristics of their households or household heads. The analyses apply the Theil-L measure of inequality to the distribution of a consumption bundle. The education level of household heads is the strongest single explanatory factor, followed by households? main income sources. The race, age categories, or gender of household heads do not account for large fractions of inequality in this sample. Chapter 2 utilizes the income source categories to investigate whether these can contribute to explain inter-household variation in income sources can explain variation in income levels. The results from the estimation of three reduced form models are compared. All three models have households? log-income levels as dependent variables and share a set of household characteristics as explanatory variables. Two of the models are two-stage specifications that use provincial locations as instruments for income source categories. The third specification contains no income source variables but includes provincial locations as explanatory variables. The results show that, as compared to the specification with provincial locations, income sources can be incorporated as explanatory variables into multivariate regression analyses without considerable loss of explanatory power. Controls for endogeneity must however be applied. The partial impacts from income sources are statistically significant and their signs are in accordance with expectations. The results also suggest that households in different main income source categories differ systematically in their demographic and educational endowments. In Chapter 3 the sample is restricted to the African and coloured households that have a main income source. The analyses aim to identify household level characteristics that are associated with differing extents of core sector integration. Two separate multinomial logit models are estimated, for urban and non-urban households respectively. The output from the analysis is utilized to compute the probabilities for a household having a main income source from either one of five categories. The results indicate that prominent covariates of low core-economy integration are earners of income with low levels of education, of female gender, and of either old or of young of working-age. A non-urban household? s location in either a former ? homeland? or in an agriculturally or commercially developed area also yields disparate implications for the main income so
Employee Relation Programs and Hotel Performance

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of employee relations programs (ERP) on organizational performance in the lodging industry. ERP provides employees with opportunities to participate in planning and improving work-related tasks. Four items were used to measure employee relations: formal complaint-resolution programs, participation programs, attitude surveys, and suggestion systems. Further, three types of organizational performance measures, namely employee turnover, labor productivity, and revenue per available room (RevPAR) were used. Findings indicated that ERP led to higher labor productivity and RevPAR.
Self-Awareness – Key to Effective Leadership

Many theories and thinkers have attempted to explore what truly makes a person emerge as a leader. Successful leadership often surfaces when people become aware of critical personal experiences in their life, understand the driving forces, respond by rethinking about self, redirect their moves and reshape their actions. Stanford rates soft skill like selfawareness as one of the pillars of managerial capabilities that predicts managerial effectiveness and leadership success. It suggests that IQ and technical skills are far less important to leadership success than selfawareness. In a world of unprecedented business complexities, leaders, besides explicit knowledge, need an inner compass of self-awareness to walk the tight rope of leadership. The paper explores the concept selfawareness and traces the two essential components of self-awareness. The paper dwells on the reasons for self-ignorance arising out of individual’s inability to exploit two components. It also underlines how self-awareness contributes to self-actualization and managerial effectiveness.
Impossibility of Strategy-Proof Mechanisms in Economies with Pure Public Goods

This paper investigates the structures of strategy-proof mechanisms in general models of economies with pure public goods. Under the assumptions that the set of allocations is a subset of some finite-dimensional Euclidean space and that the admissible preferencees are continuous and convex, I establish that any strategy-proof mechanism is dictatorial whenever the decision problem is of more than one dimension. Furthermore, I establish a similar result when preference relations also satisfy the additional assumption of monotonicity. These results properly extend the Gibbard-Satterthwaite theorem to economies with pure public goods.
Inequality, Debt Servicing and the Sustainability of Steady State Growth†

ABSTRACT We investigate the claim that the way in which debtor households service their debts matters for macroeconomic performance. A Kaleckian growth model is modified to incorporate working households who borrow to finance consumption that is determined, in part, by the desire to emulate the consumption patterns of more affluent households. The impact of this behavior on the sustainability of the growth process is then studied by means of a numerical analysis that captures various dimensions of income inequality. When compared with previous contributions to the literature, our results show that the way in which debtor households service their debt has both quantitative and qualitative effects on the economy's macrodynamics.
Vitamin supplementation by gut symbionts ensures metabolic homeostasis in an insect host

Despite the demonstrated functional importance of gut microbes, our understanding of how animals regulate their metabolism in response to nutritionally beneficial symbionts remains limited. Here, we elucidate the functional importance of the African cotton stainer's (Dysdercus fasciatus) association with two actinobacterial gut symbionts and subsequently examine the insect's transcriptional response following symbiont elimination. In line with bioassays demonstrating the symbionts' contribution towards host fitness through the supplementation of B vitamins, comparative transcriptomic analyses of genes involved in import and processing of B vitamins revealed an upregulation of gene expression in aposymbiotic (symbiont-free) compared with symbiotic individuals; an expression pattern that is indicative of B vitamin deficiency in animals. Normal expression levels of these genes, however, can be restored by either artificial supplementation of B vitamins into the insect's diet or reinfection with the actinobacterial symbionts. Furthermore, the functional characterization of the differentially expressed thiamine transporter 2 through heterologous expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes confirms its role in cellular uptake of vitamin B1. These findings demonstrate that despite an extracellular localization, beneficial gut microbes can be integral to the host's metabolic homeostasis, reminiscent of bacteriome-localized intracellular mutualists.
Surface changes in the eastern Labrador Sea around the onset of the Little Ice Age

Despite the relative climate stability of the present interglacial, it has been punctuated by several centennial time scale climatic oscillations, the latest of which are often colloquially referred to as the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (MCA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA). The most favored explanation for the cause of these anomalies is that they were triggered by variability in solar irradiance and/or volcanic activity and amplified by ocean-atmosphere-sea ice feedbacks. As such, changes in the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) are widely believed to have been involved in the amplification of such climatic oscillations. The Labrador Sea is a key area of deep water formation. The waters produced here contribute approximately one-third of the volume transport of the deep limb of the AMOC and drive changes in the North Atlantic surface hydrography and subpolar gyre circulation. In this study, we present multi-proxy reconstructions from a high-resolution marine sediment core located south of Greenland that suggest an increase in the influence of polar waters reaching the Labrador Sea close to MCA-LIA transition. Changes in freshwater forcing may have reduced the formation of Labrador Sea Water and contributed towards the onset of the LIA cooling.
Clinicopathologic and Histochemical Study of Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma

Thirteen case reports of mesonephroid clear cell carcinoma of the ovary were analyzed and nine of the tumors were studied histochemically. No disorders were found in the hormonal balance of patients. The tumors produced few symptoms, indicating late discovery and bad prognosis. Histopathologically, the tumors were subdivided into the following groups: glandular, papillary, mixed‐type and anaplastic. All of them contained glycogen and neutral mucins; acid mucins were found mainly in glandular tumors, which contained more sulfomucins than carboxymucins. Generally, the most active glandular tumors did not produce sialomucins. No clear correlations between prognosis and clinical pictures, morphology or constitution of cell excretions were found.
Tissue protein studies in normal and undernourished males; the changes in total circulating protein after an intravenous saline infusion as an index of protein stores.

In 1934 Whipple et al. (1) suggested that protein stores existed in body tissues and postulated that a "dynamic equilibrium" between plasma proteins and these tissue stores was an integral part of protein metabolism. This concept has gradually been accepted by most investigators in the field of nutrition (24). Shearburn in 1942 (5), following the lead of Calvin (6, 7), presented data obtained in normal and in hypoproteinemic dogs showing that the presence or absence of protein stores could be demonstrated after an intravenous saline infusion. These fundamental observations in regard to tissue proteins are important in explaining the equilibrium state as set forth by Whipple and to our knowledge have not been included in any of the recent discussions on this subject. At present, the clinical signs which suggest protein deficiency, except in extreme cases, are totally inadequate to give an exact evaluation of the state of nutrition of a given subject. Also, it is generally accepted that the serum protein concentration does not reflect the true nutritional state. Ravdin (8) has stated, "If the means to determine it were available, the first effect of protein undernutrition is a reduction in the amount of protein stores in the tissues of the body since every attempt is made to maintain the serum protein concentration at a nearly normal level. " Localio et al. (9) in an attempt accurately to evaluate protein reserves, determined the nitrogen
Jointly Extracting Event Triggers and Arguments by Dependency-Bridge RNN and Tensor-Based Argument Interaction

Event extraction plays an important role in natural language processing (NLP) applications including question answering and information retrieval. Traditional event extraction relies heavily on lexical and syntactic features, which require intensive human engineering and may not generalize to different datasets. Deep neural networks, on the other hand, are able to automatically learn underlying features, but existing networks do not make full use of syntactic relations. In this paper, we propose a novel dependency bridge recurrent neural network (dbRNN) for event extraction. We build our model upon a recurrent neural network, but enhance it with dependency bridges, which carry syntactically related information when modeling each word.We illustrates that simultaneously applying tree structure and sequence structure in RNN brings much better performance than only uses sequential RNN. In addition, we use a tensor layer to simultaneously capture the various types of latent interaction between candidate arguments as well as identify/classify all arguments of an event. Experiments show that our approach achieves competitive results compared with previous work.
The Effects of Perceived Control on Venture Capitalist Investment Decisions: A Configurational Perspective

Drawing on agency and configurations theories, this study examines how perceived level of control over the entrepreneur influences venture capitalist (VC) decision making. We model the direct effects of perceived control and the interactive effects of control with entrepreneurial prestige and opportunity attractiveness to determine how various combinations of factors influence VCs’ willingness to invest. We test our conceptualizations using conjoint analyses of 552 VC investment decisions. The results show that perceived control is directly related to investment likelihood, but different configurations of control, entrepreneur prestige, and opportunity attractiveness result in different outcomes. Our findings support a configurational perspective of VC decision making.
Design Recommendations for HMD-based Assembly Training Tasks

In the last few years, head-mounted displays (HMDs) received a growing amount of attention by the scientific community, especially in the industrial domain. Due to its possibility to work hands-free while providing the user with necessary augmented information, HMDs can enhance the quality and efficiency of assembly and maintenance tasks. Offering tailored information requires knowledge about how to design and present augmented reality (AR) content. However, design guidelines especially for assembly training tasks as well as usability evaluations are very limited. In this paper, we want to overcome this limitation by introducing an application as well as 10 design recommendations for HMD-based assembly training tasks. Furthermore, we execute a user study with15 participants using an engine assembly training task to evaluate the software usability and present results from the system usability scale (SUS) questionnaire, the AttrakDiff as well as the NASA task load index (NASA-TLX) questionnaire.
Inhibitor of MYC identified in a Kröhnke pyridine library

Significance MYC is an essential transcriptional regulator that controls cell proliferation. Elevated MYC is a driving force in most human cancers, yet MYC has been an exceedingly challenging target for small-molecule inhibitors. Here we describe a novel MYC inhibitor that interacts directly with MYC and interferes with its transcriptional and oncogenic activities. In a fluorescence polarization screen for the MYC–MAX interaction, we have identified a novel small-molecule inhibitor of MYC, KJ-Pyr-9, from a Kröhnke pyridine library. The Kd of KJ-Pyr-9 for MYC in vitro is 6.5 ± 1.0 nM, as determined by backscattering interferometry; KJ-Pyr-9 also interferes with MYC–MAX complex formation in the cell, as shown in a protein fragment complementation assay. KJ-Pyr-9 specifically inhibits MYC-induced oncogenic transformation in cell culture; it has no or only weak effects on the oncogenic activity of several unrelated oncoproteins. KJ-Pyr-9 preferentially interferes with the proliferation of MYC-overexpressing human and avian cells and specifically reduces the MYC-driven transcriptional signature. In vivo, KJ-Pyr-9 effectively blocks the growth of a xenotransplant of MYC-amplified human cancer cells.
Trick or Treat? The UN and Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security

The adoption in October 2000 of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security is regarded as a groundbreaking achievement in putting women's rights on the peace and security agenda of the UN. Critics have suggested that the adoption of this resolution has made little difference in terms of changed policies and practices. I argue, however, that it has nevertheless made a difference. The adoption of Resolution 1325 is the expression of a new norm in the making. Furthermore, it illustrates how cross-cutting thematic issues such as “women, peace, and security” today are placed on the agenda and nurtured by the UN Secretariat in close cooperation not only with member states, but, just as important, with networks of nongovernmental organizations and individual experts.
Financial Markets Development, Business Cycles, and Bank Risk in South America

In this paper, we examine whether banking crises or business cycles affect the influence of financial markets development on bank risk in a sample of 37 publicly listed commercial banks in seven South American countries over a 22-year period between 1991 and 2012. Banking crises in this region offer a natural setting in which the impact of financial markets development on bank risk is examined. We find that financial markets development improves banks’ capitalization ratio and reduces their exposure to non-traditional banking activities, suggesting that financial markets development on average reduces bank risk. In addition, banking crises and business cycles appear to moderate the impact of financial markets development on bank risk. In the aftermath of banking crises, banks appear to concentrate more on their core traditional banking activities.