Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of external factors on intention–behaviour gap

Although many theories explain intentional behaviour, there are some limitations between intention and behaviour that have been labelled the intention–behaviour gap. This study seeks to find new variables to overcome the limitations and understand the mechanics of how behavioural intention leads to actual behaviour. Research on the entrepreneurship context has identified precipitating events as a promising factor to overcome such limitations. Precipitating events are able to capture the effect of external factors that can potentially impede or facilitate the performance of behaviour and influence IT innovation adoption by entrepreneurs. The data used to test the hypothesis are collected from various spectrums of Malaysian industries. A total of 1000 businesses were identified and the authors personally distributed questionnaires with 351 completed questionnaires returned. The research model was applied using the structural equation modelling technique. The results show that intention to use has a significant positive influence on the use of IT innovation. The results show that precipitating events moderate the relationship between intentions and use behaviour. A low or moderate level of precipitating events (positive or negative) will increase entrepreneurs' use of IT innovation, while a high level of precipitating events will decrease entrepreneurs' use of IT innovation.
Complementary Feeding Knowledge, Practices, and Dietary Diversity among Mothers of Under-Five Children in an Urban Community in Lagos State, Nigeria

Background and Objectives: Inappropriate complementary feeding is a major cause of child malnutrition and death. This study determined the complementary feeding knowledge, practices, minimum dietary diversity, and acceptable diet among mothers of under-five children in an urban Local Government Area of Lagos State, Southwest Nigeria. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Eti-Osa area of Lagos State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select 355 mothers and infants. Data was collected using a pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire and 24-hour diet recall was used to assess dietary diversity. Data was analyzed using Epi-Info. Results: Knowledge of complementary feeding was low (14.9%) and was associated with older mothers’ age, being married, and higher level of education. The prevalence of timely initiation of complementary feeding (47.9%), dietary diversity (16.0%) and minimum acceptable diet for children between 6 and 9 months (16%) were low. Overall, appropriate complementary feeding practice was low (47.0%) and associated with higher level of mothers’ education and occupation. Conclusions and Global Health Implications: Complementary feeding knowledge and practices were poor among mothers of under-5 especially the non-literate. Reduction of child malnutrition through appropriate complementary feeding remains an important global health goal. Complementary feeding education targeting behavioral change especially among young, single and uneducated mothers in developing countries is important to reduce child morbidity and mortality.
SOIL ORGANIC MATTER DATA : WHAT DO THEY MEAN ?

Soil organic matter influences numerous soil proper ties and processes, including bulk density, structure, temperature, water relations, nutrient a vail bility and biological activity. With the advent of more efficient and rapid analytical techn iques (e.g. near-infrared spectroscopy and automated combustion), most soil testing services n ow routinely report total carbon or organic matter contents of soils. For these data to be of p ractical use there must, however, be an appreciation of the factors and processes regulatin g organic carbon levels in soils, while guidelines on what constitutes optimum or ‘threshol d’ carbon levels would also be of great value to field practitioners. The carbon contents of most agricultural soils in S outh Africa fall in the range 0.1 to 9%. The two most important factors accounting for variation s i carbon contents are soil management practices and soil texture. Tillage leads to decrea ses in carbon contents due to accelerated oxidation of organic matter. Under no-till cropping or perennial pastures, organic matter is conserved, or may be built up if these systems are established on soils that were previously subjected to intensive tillage. Organic carbon leve ls increase with increasing clay content, due to clays affording some protection against the oxid ation of organic matter. Applications of inorganic fertilisers and lime, where accompanied b y increased biomass production, result in increases in soil carbon contents. In the case of s ugarcane, long-term experimentation indicates that there is a steady decline in carbon contents with time; however, trashing as opposed to burning has significant beneficial effec ts in terms of arresting this decline and improving soil quality in the top 100 mm of the pro file. Indications are that soil sampling depths currently advocated for routine soil fertili ty evaluations may be excessive in terms of characterising the contributions of organic matter to soil health.
The role of emotion in social judgments: An introductory review and an Affect Infusion Model (AIM)

This paper presents an overview of current evidence for the role of affect in social judgments, and the work represented in this Special Issue in particular A new integrative theory, the Affect Infusion Model (AIM) IS outlined as a comprehensive and parsimonious explanation of these effects. The model assumes that the degree of affect infusion into judgments varies along a processing continuum, and identifies four alternative processing strategies: (a) direct access, (b) motivated, (c) heuristic, and (d) substantive processing. Consistent with the empirical material reviewed here, the AIM predicts that judgments requiring constructive, generative processing (heuristic and substantive strategies) are more likely to be infused' by affect than are simple, reconstructive judgments (direct access and motivated processing). The role of target, judge and situational features in recruiting different processing strategies is considered, and evidence supporting the model is reviewed.
Violence in School

Violence in school is not new. Especially on the college level, deaths and injuries from hazing have long occurred sporadically, as have student riots. But widespread violence in public and secondary schools seems to have developed only in the past generation, especially in the United States but increasingly in other urban-industrial societies. Two kinds of violence should be distinguished. One is violence perpetrated by predatory adolescent male trespassers who enter school buildings to steal or rob; assaults may occur to disable victims. Intruder violence is most common in the largest cities. The other type of violence is committed by enrolled students against members of the school community: teachers, fellow students, staff members. Their violent acts include robbery, especially extortion of money and valuables from fellow students, but their main motivation appears to be anger, expressed in assaults against both students and staff members. Both these types of school violence can be understood in terms of the weakening of social control over adolescents and young adults in modern societies. Lack of family and neighborhood controls frees those youngsters not committed to the school and its values to express their predatory or aggressive impulses. This is, of course, not the whole explanation of school violence. Individual personality development explains why some persons take advantage of these opportunities for violence that are offered by a fluid society. If modern societies are to reverse course and reduce violence in public secondary schools, they probably will have to gain greater control over adolescents. One approach to this end is to increase the voluntariness of student enrollment, thus giving students in public secondary schools a greater stake in behavioral conformity. Such an approach requires a reexamination of an established tradition of modern societies: compulsory school attendance.
Ethical Issues for Qualitative Research in On-line Communities

Recent years have witnessed a rapid growth in Internet technologies, which offer new possibilities for researching hard to reach groups. However, research guidelines, which could aid research in this new forum, have not yet been fully developed. The focus of the article will be ethical issues that may arise from using the Internet as a research tool if we are to protect and respect our participants. Questions surrounding gaining informed consent, privacy of participants and new power differentials, which may arise through interaction in an on-line forum, are raised. These are supplemented by reflections from work conducted by the authors using on-line discussion formus as method of research with people with autism.
Two Distinct Routes to Oral Cancer Differing in Genome Instability and Risk for Cervical Node Metastasis

Purpose: Problems in management of oral cancers or precancers include identification of patients at risk for metastasis, tumor recurrence, and second primary tumors or risk for progression of precancers (dysplasia) to cancer. Thus, the objective of this study was to clarify the role of genomic aberrations in oral cancer progression and metastasis. Experimental Design: The spectrum of copy number alterations in oral dysplasia and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) was determined by array comparative genomic hybridization. Associations with clinical characteristics were studied and results confirmed in an independent cohort. Results: The presence of one or more of the chromosomal aberrations +3q24-qter, -8pter-p23.1, +8q12-q24.2, and +20 distinguishes a major subgroup (70%–80% of lesions, termed 3q8pq20 subtype) from the remainder (20%–30% of lesions, non-3q8pq20). The 3q8pq20 subtype is associated with chromosomal instability and differential methylation in the most chromosomally unstable tumors. The two subtypes differ significantly in clinical outcome with risk for cervical (neck) lymph node metastasis almost exclusively associated with the 3q8pq20 subtype in two independent oral SCC cohorts. Conclusions: Two subtypes of oral lesions indicative of at least two pathways for oral cancer development were distinguished that differ in chromosomal instability and risk for metastasis, suggesting that +3q,–8p, +8q, and +20 constitute a biomarker with clinical utility for identifying patients at risk for metastasis. Moreover, although increased numbers of genomic alterations can be harbingers of progression to cancer, dysplastic lesions lacking copy number changes cannot be considered benign as they are potential precursors to non-3q8pq20 locally invasive, yet not metastatic oral SCC. Clin Cancer Res; 17(22); 7024–34. ©2011 AACR.
Acoustic and Perceptual Description of Vowels in a Speaker With Congenital Aglossia

The goals of this study were to (a) compare the vowel space produced by a person with congenital aglossia (PWCA) with a typical vowel space; (b) investigate listeners’ intelligibility for single vowels produced by the PWCA, with and without visual information; and (c) determine whether there is a correlation between scores of speech intelligibility of PWCA speech and the acoustic properties of those speech samples. The main objective of this study was to determine whether a PWCA was able to compensate for the lack of tongue and whether listeners were able to compensate perceptually for the possible atypical acoustics of the PWCA. Cineradiography for this article was limited to observation of gross function of the tongue base and mylohyoid. An audiovisual recording of the PWCA speaker’s output was obtained for a series of isolated vowels, diphthongized vowels, and vowels in monosyllables. Production of vowels was analyzed acoustically and perceptually. Vowels were presented to listeners under two conditions: audiovisual and audio only. Paired differences sample tests revealed no statistical differences in intelligibility for the audio versus audiovisual conditions. Mean intelligibility for vowels was 78.5% overall. Intelligibility was a function of vowel position, with the front vowels revealing the least intelligibility and the back vowels revealing the greatest intelligibility. Quantitative analysis of F1–F2 formant data revealed that the speaker’s front vowels showed greater distances from the back vowels when compared with the F1–F2 means of normative data.
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase enhancer reduces oxidative stress and restores endothelial function in db/db mice.

AIMS Endothelial dysfunction is caused by reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and/or over-produced reactive oxygen species (ROS). The present study investigated a vascular benefit of AVE3085, an endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enhancer, in preserving endothelial function in diabetic mice and the mechanisms involved. METHODS AND RESULTS Male db/db and db/m(+) mice were orally administered AVE3085 for 7 days (10 mg kg(-1) day(-1)). Vascular reactivity of arteries was studied via myography under both isometric and isobaric conditions. ROS levels in aortas were determined using dihydroethidium fluorescence dye and electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping. Chronic treatment with AVE3085 reduced blood pressure, enhanced endothelium-dependent relaxations (EDR) to acetylcholine in aortas, mesenteric, and renal arteries, lowered oxidative stress, and augmented the attenuated flow-dependent dilatation in mesenteric resistance arteries from db/db mice. Incubation of aortas from C57BL/6J mice in high glucose (30 mmol L(-1)) culture medium for 48 h impaired EDR and elevated ROS generation, and these effects were reversed by co-treatment with AVE3085 (1 µmol L(-1)). Benefits of AVE3085 were abolished by the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D, the NOS inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, and in eNOS(-/-) mice. NO production in primary endothelial cells from mouse aortas was detected with a NO-sensitive fluorescence dye. Protein expression was assayed by western blotting. Treatment with AVE3085 enhanced NO production in endothelial cells and eNOS expression in aortas. CONCLUSION AVE3085 ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in db/db mice through increased NO bioavailability, which reduces oxidative stress in the vascular wall. Targeting eNOS and NO production may be a promising approach to combat diabetic vasculopathy.
Size and the Density of Interaction in Human Aggregates

A baseline model is developed to show the conduciveness of population size to the density of interaction in human aggregates. This model permits deduction and, therefore, explanation of a wide variety of social phenomena. It explains the positive relation between rates of crimes of violence and city size indicated by Webb's (1972) data. And it provides a formal rationale for Kasarda's (1974) hypothesis relating size and communication in macrostructures, as well as an alternative to some aspects of the theory formulated by Hamblin, Jacobsen, and Miller (1973). Our model accounts for the "transitory" and "superficial" nature of urban social relations commented upon by Simmel (1903), Wirth (1938), and Milgram (1970) and explains why inhabitants of large cities are unlikely to intervene in crises. In conjunction with considerations noted by Mayhew et al. (1972), the model explains why role strain may be expected to increase with organizational size, as illustrated in Snoek's (1966) national study. The wide variety of phenomena illuminated by this model suggests that it is a serious mistake to view the effects of population size as "obvious. " Rather, taking population size explicity into account should enhance the explanatory power of sociological theories.
Ultrasonography of hydronephrosis in the newborn: a practical review

Widespread use of fetal ultrasonography is accompanied by more frequent detection of antenatal hydronephrosis. Therefore, sonographic evaluation of neonates with a history of antenatal hydronephrosis is becoming more widespread. As an initial postnatal non-invasive imaging modality, ultrasonography is used to screen for persistence of hydronephrosis, determine the level and severity of obstruction, and contribute to appropriate diagnosis and treatment. This review aims to provide a practical overview of the sonographic evaluation of neonatal hydronephrosis and to describe the sonographic findings of conditions associated with hydronephrosis in the newborn.
The influence of congenital heart disease on survival of infants with oesophageal atresia

OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence of congenital heart disease in babies with oesophageal atresia and its influence on outcome. DESIGN Retrospective analysis. SETTING The resident population of one health region. RESULTS A total of 153 babies with oesophageal atresia were identified from 509 975 live births (0.30 per 1000); 26 (17%) had cardiac defects. Survival of babies with normal hearts was 97%, 97%, and 95% at one week, one month, and one year. Survival of babies with congenital heart disease was 85%, 85%, and 67% at one week, one month, and one year, but only one of ten deaths was the result of the congenital heart disease. The remaining deaths were due to other congenital malformations, respiratory disease, or chromosome abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS There is a high prevalence of congenital heart disease in babies with oesophageal atresia. Congenital heart disease is associated with a higher mortality in oesophageal atresia but it is not the cause of it.
Power and Centrality in the Allocation of Resources in Colleges and Universities.

Judith Dozier Hackman This work proposes a research-based theory about how colleges and universities allocate resources among units. The pivotal concept of centrality (how closely a unit's purposes match those central to the organization) affects how four other theoretical concepts interact: internal resource allocations, environmental power, institutional power, and resource negotiation strategies. A unit's environmental power, gained by its relative ability to acquire external resources needed by the institution, and a unit's institutional power combine with resource negotiation strategies to explain about half of the variance in internal resource allocations. The theory is developed from interviews at six varied institutions and is supported by analyses of data obtained from questionnaires completed by administrators of a state university, a liberal arts college, and a comprehensive college.s
An update of the leukotriene modulators for the treatment of asthma

Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease involving many cells and mediators. Chronic inflammation constitutes an important predisposing condition for airway remodelling with secondary irreversible airflow obstruction. Current approaches for asthma treatment involve many classes of drugs, adequate patient education for their correct use, environmental exposure control and daily monitoring of pulmonary function. Unfortunately, the use of multiple therapies complicates treatment regimens, thus leading to a reduced compliance to therapy. Available evidence from randomised clinical trials and real-word experience derived from managing patients with asthma justifies a broader role for leukotriene receptor antagonist drugs in asthma management than that recommended in the National Asthma Education and Prevention Programme and National Health Lung and Blood Institute Treatment Guidelines. While a low dose of inhaled corticosteroids remains the reference drug as a controller in mild-to-moderate persistent asthma, oral therapy with an leukotriene-receptor antagonist drug represents a good option providing the clinical efficacy requested in common clinical practice. For this reason the recent Global Initiative for Asthma Guidelines allocate this drug to the second and third steps of asthma treatment.
Synthetic miR-145 mimic inhibits multiple myeloma cell growth in vitro and in vivo

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease with an adverse outcome and new therapeutic strategies are required to combat this disease. It is well known that tumor‑suppressor microRNA (miRNA) acts as a new potential anticancer agent. Accumulating evidence showed that microRNA-145 (miR-145) is a candidate tumor suppressor miRNA. However, whether miR-145 is involved in the development and progression of MM reamins to be determined. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of synthetic miR-145 against human MM cells in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that miR-145 was reduced in MM tissues and cell lines. Enforced expression of miR-145 by transfection with miR-145 mimics inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and the invasion abilities of H929 cells. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that the enforced expression of miR-145 in H929 cells profoundly decreased the levels of p-AKT and p-PI3K, which may contribute to some extent to the inhibition of MM cell proliferation and survival. The enforced expression of miR-145 in a xenograft mouse model suppressed tumor growth. In conclusion, our findings suggested that miR-145 may act as a tumor suppressor and contributes to the progression of MM. Additionally, miR-145 mimics is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of MM.
The impacts of perceived organizational prestige and organization identification on turnover intention: the mediating effect of psychological empowerment

This study examined the attitudes of workers employed at hotels in Turkey. An integrated model was developed to highlight the relationship between organizational prestige and organizational identification with turnover intention as mediated through psychological empowerment. Using a sample of 332 employees, structural equation modelling was conducted to establish this relationship by analysing the responses of employees of hotels in Turkey. The findings of the study reveal a strong relationship between organizational identification/organizational prestige and hotel employees’ turnover intention. The study discusses the implications of the presented findings and suggests potential practical applications.
The Relation Between Aggression and Creativity Among Second Graders

ABSTRACT: The probable relation between aggression, as measured by systematic observation and the Teacher's Report Form (TRF; Achenbach, 1991), and creativity, as indexed by the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT; Torrance, 1990), was investigated among 32 second graders. The findings revealed a positive relation between threats of aggression and the flexibility subscale of the Verbal TTCT. Verbal aggression correlated positively with the fluency, flexibility, and originality subscales of the Verbal TTCT. Physical aggression correlated positively with the flexibility subscale of the Verbal TTCT. Threat of aggression was positively related to the originality subscale of the Figural TTCT. A positive relation was also found between the externalizing subscale of the TRF and the observations of aggression. In conclusion, it is possible that children's experiences establishing dominance and self-protection in everyday situations perceived as difficult are parlayed into performance requiring verbal and fi.