Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulasi pemodelan arus pasang surut di kolam Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok Jakarta menggunakan perangkat lunak SMS 8.1 (Surface-water Modeling System 8.1)

This research was conducted during June to Oktober in Tanjung Priok Port and in the Hydro-oceanography Department, Indonesian-Navy, Ancol, North Jakarta. The Model simulation was carried out by using the model of ADCIRD-2D, Surface Water Modeling System 8,1 to know the pattern of the tidal current at east season and the transitional II season. The results of this research showed that the type of tide in Tanjung Priok Port was diurnal tide with the value of formzhal 4,55. The conditions of the tidal curent in outside waters pond of the Tanjung Priok port in the east season and the transitional II season were similar same, when the flood moved entering the port pond and when the ebb moved outside the port pond. The maximum speed tide at Transitional II Season was taking place when MSL was going to high tide and MSL was going to low tide. The minimum speed tide was happening when the high and low tide conditions. Â Keywords : Modelling Simulation, SMS 8.1, Tanjung Priok Port, Tidal current Â Penelitian ini di lakukan pada Bulan Juni â€“ Oktober 2009 di Perairan Kolam Pelabuhan Tanjung dan di Dinas Hidro-Oseanografi TNI-AL Ancol, Jakarta Utara. Simulasi pemodelan dilakukan dengan menggunakan model ADCIRD-2D, Surface Water Modelling System 8.1 untuk mengetahui pola arus pasut pada musim timur dan musim peralihan II, serta kecepatan maksimum dan minimum arus pasut pada musim peralihan II. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tipe pasang surut di kolam pelabuhan Tanjung Priok yaitu harian tunggal dengan nilai bilangan formzhal 4.55. Kondisi arus di Perairan kolam pelabuhan Tanjung Priok pada musim timur dan musim peralihan II sama, yaitu saat pasang arus bergerak masuk ke kolam pelabuhan dan pada saat surut arus bergerak ke luar kolam pelabuhan. Kecepatan arus pasut maksimum pada musim peralihan II terjadi pada saat MSL menuju pasang tertinggi dan MSL menuju surut terendah pasang purnama. Kecepatan arus minimum terjadi pada kondisi pasang tertinggi dan surut terendah. Â Kata kunci : Simulasi Pemodelan, SMS 8.1, Tanjung Priok Port and Tidal current
Exogenous nitrergic pathway involved in the regulation of gastric myoelectrical activity in dogs

Objective. Although the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on gastric motility has been investigated in numerous studies, its effects on gastric slow waves and spike activity which regulate gastric motility remained largely unknown. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that NO would impair gastric slow waves by reducing their regularity and amplitude as well as contraction-related spike activity. Material and methods. The study required four sessions in 8 dogs, 2 weeks after the implantation of four pairs of electrodes along the greater curvature of the stomach. In each session, saline, L-arginine (L-Arg) (75 mg/kg), NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (5 mg/kg) or L-Arg + L-NAME was given intravenously (IV) after a 30-min baseline recording in the fasting state. A solid test meal (200 g) was ingested 30 min after the IV injection of one of the medications. Gastric myoelectrical activity was recorded for 30 min at baseline, 30 min after the IV injection and 60 min after the meal. Results. The frequency, amplitude and rhythmicity of gastric slow waves were not affected by NO. L-NAME significantly increased spike activity in the fasting state but not in the fed state. L-Arg did not reduce the number of spike bursts per minute (NSPM) in the fed state. Postprandially, there was a significant decrease in slow wave frequency but a substantial increase in the strength and frequency of spike activity. Conclusions. Exogenous NO has no effect on the frequency, amplitude or regularity of gastric slow waves; inhibition of NO increases spike activity in the fasting state but not in the fed state.
Boolean formula-based branch prediction for future technologies

We present a new method for branch prediction that encodes in the branch instruction a formula, chosen by profiling, that is used to perform history-based prediction. By using a special class of Boolean formulas, our encoding is extremely concise. By replacing the large tables found in current predictors with a small, fast circuit, our scheme is ideally suited to fixture technologies that will have large wire delays. In a projected 70 nm technology and an aggressive clock rate of about 5 GHz, an implementation of our method that uses an 8-bit formula encoding has a misprediction rate of 6.0%, 42% lower than that of the best gshare predictor implementable in that same technology. In today's technology; a 16-bit version of our predictor can replace bias bits in an 8K-entry agree predictor to achieve a 2.86% misprediction rate, which is slightly lower than the 2.93% misprediction rate of the Alpha 21264 hybrid predictor, even though the Alpha predictor has almost twice the hardware budget. Our predictor also consumes much less power than table-based predictors. The paper describes our predictor, explains our profiling algorithm, and presents experimental results using the SPEC 2000 integer benchmarks.
Reversal of experimental renovascular hypertension.

The aim of this review is to examine the pathophysiological mechanisms that are involved in the reversal of experimental renovascular hypertension, concentrating on observations made in the two-kidney, one clip model in the rat. The haemodynamic changes and alterations in sodium balance are described. The contribution of well established vasoactive systems such as the renin-angiotensin and symphathetic nervous system are discussed
Levels of DNA Methylation Vary at CpG Sites across the BRCA1 Promoter, and Differ According to Triple Negative and “BRCA-Like” Status, in Both Blood and Tumour DNA

Triple negative breast cancer is typically an aggressive and difficult to treat subtype. It is often associated with loss of function of the BRCA1 gene, either through mutation, loss of heterozygosity or methylation. This study aimed to measure methylation of the BRCA1 gene promoter at individual CpG sites in blood, tumour and normal breast tissue, to assess whether levels were correlated between different tissues, and with triple negative receptor status, histopathological scoring for BRCA-like features and BRCA1 protein expression. Blood DNA methylation levels were significantly correlated with tumour methylation at 9 of 11 CpG sites examined (p<0.0007). The levels of tumour DNA methylation were significantly higher in triple negative tumours, and in tumours with high BRCA-like histopathological scores (10 of 11 CpG sites; p<0.01 and p<0.007 respectively). Similar results were observed in blood DNA (6 of 11 CpG sites; p<0.03 and 7 of 11 CpG sites; p<0.02 respectively). This study provides insight into the pattern of CpG methylation across the BRCA1 promoter, and supports previous studies suggesting that tumours with BRCA1 promoter methylation have similar features to those with BRCA1 mutations, and therefore may be suitable for the same targeted therapies.
Limb Positioning Is Critical for Defining Patellofemoral Alignment and Femoral Shape

The source of patellofemoral pain is a common orthopaedic complaint that often is difficult to determine because of the lack of correlation between symptoms and specific clinical measurements. Excessive joint contact stresses resulting from patellofemoral malalignment and pathologic femoral shape often are associated with this pain. These measures are likely sensitive to the limb position (orientation and position relative to the imaging system with which they are quantified). Because of this sensitivity, the measures have large variations and do not show correlations with subjective symptoms. The purpose of this study was to determine if varying limb position resulted in significant changes in standard clinical measures of patellofemoral alignment and femoral shape. This dependence was investigated by simulating alterations in limb position through resectioning of three-dimensional magnetic resonance image sets (20 healthy knees) to create axial images with altered orientation (eight images) or location (four images) relative to a fixed reference. By quantifying the variability of the clinical measures across all images, it was determined that simulated alterations in limb position produced greater variability in femoral shape and patellofemoral alignment measures than the variability seen across control subjects. This indicated that a standardized method for establishing limb position relative to the imager is warranted.
Different Types of Combat Experiences and Associated Symptoms in OEF and OIF National Guard and Reserve Veterans

Objective: It is well established that exposure to combat is a risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The experiences of military personnel serving in combat zones vary widely however, leading to increased attention to the impact of different types of combat trauma. The present study examined the relationships among 3 conceptually based categories of combat exposure with 4 PTSD symptom clusters (reexperiencing, avoidance, numbing, and hyperarousal) and symptoms of guilt, depression, and anxiety. Method: Participants were 206 National Guard and Reserve members who had recently returned from deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan. Results: As hypothesized, findings from a multivariate multiple linear regression analysis showed that exposure to personal life threat predicted symptoms of hyperarousal, and exposure to death or severe injury of others predicted symptoms of depression. Hypotheses that personal life threat would predict anxiety symptoms, exposure to death or injury of others would predict numbing, and having killed would predict guilt were not supported. Conclusions: The relative degree of exposure to life threat and death/loss events in a war-zone may impact the development of different types of symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of considering different types of trauma exposure in future research.
Stigmergy, Self-Organization, and Sorting in Collective Robotics

Many structures built by social insects are the outcome of a process of self-organization, in which the repeated actions of the insects interact over time with the changing physical environment to produce a characteristic end state. A major mediating factor is stigmergy, the elicitation of specific environment-changing behaviors by the sensory effects of local environmental changes produced by previous behavior. A typical task involving stigmergic self-organization is brood sorting: Many ant species sort their brood so that items at similar stages of development are grouped together and separated from items at different stages of development. This article examines the operation of stigmergy and self-organization in a homogeneous group of physical robots, in the context of the task of clustering and sorting Frisbees of two different types. Using a behavioral rule set simpler than any yet proposed for ant sorting, and having no capacity for spatial orientation or memory, the robots are able to achieve effective clustering and sorting showing all the signs of self-organization. It is argued that the success of this demonstration is crucially dependent on the exploitation of real-world physics, and that the use of simulation alone to investigate stigmergy may fail to reveal its power as an evolutionary option for collective life forms.
Named Entity Recognition with Long Short-Term Memory

In this approach to named entity recognition, a recurrent neural network, known as Long Short-Term Memory, is applied. The network is trained to perform 2 passes on each sentence, outputting its decisions on the second pass. The first pass is used to acquire information for disambiguation during the second pass. SARDNET, a self-organising map for sequences is used to generate representations for the lexical items presented to the LSTM network, whilst orthogonal representations are used to represent the part of speech and chunk tags.
Selective modulation of postmenopausal women

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has proven and presumable benefits for women desiring postmenopausal health preservation. Among HRT‐associated risks, the fear of breast carcinoma intimidates women and physicians contemplating hormonal treatment and limits long‐term compliance. Identifying effective alternative medications that are not associated with breast carcinoma or that even may prevent its development would be a major advance.
Using Gaussian Process Regression for Efficient Motion Planning in Environments with Deformable Objects

The ability to plan their own motions and to reliably execute them is an important precondition for autonomous robots. In this paper, we consider the problem of planning the motion of a mobile manipulation robot in the presence of deformable objects in the environment. Our approach combines probabilistic roadmap planning with a deformation simulation system. Since the physical deformation simulation is computationally demanding, we use an efficient variant of Gaussian process regression to estimate the deformation cost for individual objects based on training examples. We generate the training data by employing a simulation system in a preprocessing step. Consequently, no simulations are needed during runtime. We implemented and tested our approach on a mobile manipulation robot. Our experiments show that the robot is able to accurately predict and thus consider the deformation cost its manipulator introduces to the environment during motion planning. Simultaneously, the computation time is substantially reduced compared to a system that performs physical simulations online.
Controlling a Tactile ERP–BCI in a Dual Task

When using brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) to control a game, the BCI may have to compete with gaming tasks for the same perceptual and cognitive resources. We investigated: 1) if and to what extent event-related potentials (ERPs) and ERP-BCI performance are affected in a dual-task situation; and 2) if these effects are an area function of the level of difficulty of a concurrent task. Ten participants performed an ERP-BCI task that involved attending to a target location in sequences of tactile stimuli. The ERP-BCI task was performed either in isolation or secondary to a visual n-back task with two levels of difficulty. We observed: 1) a decreased P300 and BCI bit rate, and an increased level of subjective mental effort for both dual-task conditions compared to the BCI-only condition; the decreased classification accuracies were still well above chance, but arguably too low for effective BCI control; and 2) we did not find an effect of task difficulty on the P300, bit rates, and subjective mental effort. We discuss reallocation of attention caused by a concurrent task, but unaffected by task difficulty, and the role of task priority. Concluding, control of a tactile ERP-BCI in a dual-task situation is feasible, but performance is degraded.
TGF-β Induces Surface LAP Expression on Murine CD4 T Cells Independent of Foxp3 Induction

Background It has been reported that human FOXP3+ CD4 Tregs express GARP-anchored surface latency-associated peptide (LAP) after activation, based on the use of an anti-human LAP mAb. Murine CD4 Foxp3+ Tregs have also been reported to express surface LAP, but these studies have been hampered by the lack of suitable anti-mouse LAP mAbs. Methodology/Principal Findings We generated anti-mouse LAP mAbs by immunizing TGF-β−/− animals with a mouse Tgfb1-transduced P3U1 cell line. Using these antibodies, we demonstrated that murine Foxp3+ CD4 Tregs express LAP on their surface. In addition, retroviral transduction of Foxp3 into mouse CD4+CD25− T cells induced surface LAP expression. We then examined surface LAP expression after treating CD4+CD25− T cells with TGF-β and found that TGF-β induced surface LAP not only on T cells that became Foxp3+ but also on T cells that remained Foxp3− after TGF-β treatment. GARP expression correlated with the surface LAP expression, suggesting that surface LAP is GARP-anchored also in murine T cells. Conclusions/Significance Unlike human CD4 T cells, surface LAP expression on mouse CD4 T cells is controlled by Foxp3 and TGF-β. Our newly described anti-mouse LAP mAbs will provide a useful tool for the investigation and functional analysis of T cells that express LAP on their surface.
Fetal endothelium dysfunction is associated with circulating maternal levels of sE-selectin, sVCAM1, and sFlt-1 during pre-eclampsia

Objectives. To evaluate the association between endothelial activation markers in the maternal circulation with nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in human umbilical endothelial cells. Study design. This is a case-control study of normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. The levels of sE-selectin, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and histamine-induced NO synthesis was detected by fluorometric examination of the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) isolated from normal and pathological pregnancies. Results. Mothers with severe pre-eclamptic pregnancies have premature and smaller babies than mothers with normal pregnancies (P < 0.05); they also have high maternal plasma levels of sVCAM-1 (∼2-fold), sFlt-1 (∼2.5-fold), and lower (∼70%) histamine-stimulated NO synthesis in HUVECs. A positive relationship between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and plasma levels of sE-selectin, sVCAM-1, and sFlt-1 was demonstrated. Moreover, levels of sE-selectin, sVCAM-1, and sFlt-1 were negatively associated with newborn weight (NBW), gestational age at delivery, and NO synthesis. Women with high E-selectin (>63 ng/ml), VCAM-1 (>752 ng/ml), and sFlt-1 (>15204 pg/ml) showed high risk (∼2-fold) for preterm delivery and very preterm delivery, or fetal weight <1500 g (∼1.5-fold) compared with women with low levels. Conclusions. High circulating levels of maternal endothelial dysfunction markers present in pre-eclampsia are associated with decreased NO synthesis in fetal endothelium.
State of the Art in Interactive Ray Tracing

The term ray tracing is commonly associated with highly realistic images but certainly not with interactive graphics. However, with the increasing hardware resources of today, interactive ray tracing is becoming a reality and offers a number of benefits over the traditional rasterization pipeline. The goal of this report is to provide a better understanding of the potential and challenges of interactive ray tracing. We start with a review of the problems associated with rasterization based rendering and contrast this with the advantages offered by ray tracing. Next we discuss different approaches towards interactive ray tracing using techniques such as approximation, hybrid rendering, and direct optimization of the ray tracing algorithm itself. After a brief review of interactive ray tracing on supercomputers we describe implementations on standard PCs and clusters of networked PCs. This system improves ray tracing performance by more than an order of magnitude and outperforms even high-end graphics hardware for complex scenes up to tens of millions of polygons. Finally, we discuss recent research towards implementing ray tracing in hardware as an alternative to current graphics chips. This report ends with a discussion of the remaining challenges and and the future of ray tracing in interactive 3D graphics.
What Does Cerebral Oxygenation Tell Us About Central Motor Output

Since the fifth Century Athens, when Hippocrates identified the brain as the source of thought and understanding, humanity has been preoccupied with its functions. Anatomical descriptions have been brought to modernity by Andreas Vesalius in the sixteenth century (Vesalius, 1543) while underlying mechanisms have awaited the discovery of “bioelectricity” by Luigi Galvani in the eighteenth century to emerge (Galvani, 1791). In the nineteenth century, famous physicians such as Paul Broca or Carl Wernicke have demonstrated the role of the brain in cognitive tasks, studying patients with neurological disorders (Broca, 2004; Wernicke, 1894). From the late twentieth century to present day, neuroimaging techniques have allowed explorations in healthy subjects providing very precise locations of brain regions involved in cognitive and motor functions. For the advancement of theory it is essential to acknowledge the strengths and limitations of available neuroimaging techniques so that converging evidence on the basis of multiple modes of investigation can be brought to bear on current controversies in the literature. Electroencephalography (EEG) was chronologically the first technique to open the way to the study of brain functions in exercising subjects (Swartz and Goldensohn, 1998). While one of the most direct methods to non-invasively measure the electrical signal arising from the synchronous firing of neurons, spatial resolution and lack of information from areas deeper than the cortex are its main limitations. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is also a direct measure of the electrical activity of neurons and has a better spatial resolution as compared with EEG. However, the lack of detection in deep brain structures and the threshold detection (at least 50,000 neurons active simultaneously are needed) make MEG main disadvantages (Shibasaki, 2008). Functional imaging such as positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) overcome the EEG and MEG limitations as they can detect neuronal activity as deep in the brain as experimenters desire (Cui et al., 2011; Villringer, 1997). However, the measure is indirect as it relies on blood supply for fMRI or on radioactive tracers for PET and SPECT (Jantzen et al., 2008; Tashiro et al., 2008). Additionally, except for EEG, the experimental environments of the earlier described techniques are very restricting with regards to physical exercise. Subjects and experimenters are limited to sit or laid positions and to breathe, eye, wrist and ankle movements. Actually, in vivo determination of brain functions in humans requires flexible, accessible and rapid monitoring techniques (Kikukawa et al., 2008; Perrey, 2008;
US-accelerated catheter-directed thrombolysis for the treatment of deep venous thrombosis.

PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of ultrasonography (US)-accelerated catheter-directed thrombolysis for the treatment of deep venous thrombosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 26 patients with deep venous thrombosis were prospectively selected for thrombolysis. Overall, 80.8% of the occlusions were in the lower extremities, and 19.2% were in the upper extremities. US-accelerated catheter-directed thrombolysis was performed using a recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator (alteplase), which was delivered using the EKOS EkoSonic® Endovascular System (EKOS Corporation, Bothell, Washington, USA). Postprocedure venography was repeated after the treatment, which included angioplasty and stenting if stenosis was present. RESULTS Thrombolysis was successful in 92.3% (24/26) of the patients, with complete clot lysis in 14 patients and partial clot lysis in nine patients. The mean symptom duration was 54.9±51 days (range, 6-183 days), and the mean thrombolysis infusion time was 25.3±5.3 hours (range, 16-39 hours). Pulmonary embolism was not observed; however, there were three cases of bleeding at the catheter insertion site. In three patients, the underlying lesions were successfully treated with balloon angioplasty and stent insertion. Two patients developed early recurrent thrombosis due to residual venous obstruction. CONCLUSION US-accelerated thrombolysis was demonstrated to be a safe and efficacious treatment for deep venous thrombosis in this study. The addition of US reduces the total infusion time and increases the incidence of complete lysis with a reduction in bleeding rates. Residual venous obstruction should be treated by angioplasty and stent insertion to prevent early rethrombosis.