Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oxygen cyclotron harmonic waves in the deep plasmasphere during magnetic storms

A new approach to the generation of storm-associated ULF waves with discrete spectra (ion cyclotron harmonic waves) observed in the equatorial plasmasphere is presented. It is proposed that the appearance of waves with phase velocities smaller than the Alfven velocity is connected with a strong dispersion of magnetosonic waves near the bi-ion frequency occurring in the presence of oxygen ions of ionospheric origin. The waves are generated by an instability involving hot oxygen ions with loss cone or ring like distributions. Such ions are found in the magnetosphere during magnetic storms. A simple analytical model of this instability is elaborated. It is shown that ULF wave observations on board Akebono satellite are in a reasonable agreement with the present theoretical approach.
Design and evaluation of teacher assistance tools for exploratory learning environments

We present our approach to designing and evaluating tools that can assist teachers in classroom settings where students are using Exploratory Learning Environments (ELEs), using as our case study the MiGen system, which targets 1114 year old students' learning of algebra. We discuss the challenging role of teachers in exploratory learning settings and motivate the need for visualisation and notification tools that can assist teachers in focusing their attention across the whole class and inform their interventions. We present the design and evaluation approach followed during the development of MiGen's Teacher Assistance tools, drawing parallels with the recently proposed LATUX workflow but also discussing how we go beyond this to include a large number of teacher participants in our evaluation activities, so as to gain the benefit of different view points. We discuss the results of the evaluations, which show that participants appreciated the capabilities of the tools and were mostly able to use them quickly and accurately.
Ieee Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 1 Dynamic Range Reduction Inspired by Photoreceptor Physiology

— A common task in computer graphics is the mapping of digital high dynamic range images to low dynamic range display devices such as monitors and printers. This task is similar to adaptation processes which occur in the human visual system. Physiological evidence suggests that adaptation already occurs in the photoreceptors, leading to a straightforward model that can be easily adapted for tone reproduction. The result is a fast and practical algorithm for general use with intuitive user parameters that control intensity, contrast and level of adaptation respectively.
Tensor Fusion Network for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis

Multimodal sentiment analysis is an increasingly popular research area, which extends the conventional language-based definition of sentiment analysis to a multimodal setup where other relevant modalities accompany language. In this paper, we pose the problem of multimodal sentiment analysis as modeling intra-modality and inter-modality dynamics. We introduce a novel model, termed Tensor Fusion Networks, which learns both such dynamics end-to-end. The proposed approach is tailored for the volatile nature of spoken language in online videos as well as accompanying gestures and voice. In the experiments, our model outperforms state-of-the-art approaches for both multimodal and unimodal sentiment analysis.
Frequency-Dependent Modulation of Regional Synchrony in the Human Brain by Eyes Open and Eyes Closed Resting-States

The eyes-open (EO) and eyes-closed (EC) states have differential effects on BOLD-fMRI signal dynamics, affecting both the BOLD oscillation frequency of a single voxel and the regional homogeneity (ReHo) of several neighboring voxels. To explore how the two resting-states modulate the local synchrony through different frequency bands, we decomposed the time series of each voxel into several components that fell into distinct frequency bands. The ReHo in each of the bands was calculated and compared between the EO and EC conditions. The cross-voxel correlations between the mean frequency and the overall ReHo of each voxel’s original BOLD series in different brain areas were also calculated and compared between the two states. Compared with the EC state, ReHo decreased with EO in a wide frequency band of 0.01–0.25 Hz in the bilateral thalamus, sensorimotor network, and superior temporal gyrus, while ReHo increased significantly in the band of 0–0.01 Hz in the primary visual cortex, and in a higher frequency band of 0.02–0.1 Hz in the higher order visual areas. The cross-voxel correlations between the frequency and overall ReHo were negative in all the brain areas but varied from region to region. These correlations were stronger with EO in the visual network and the default mode network. Our results suggested that different frequency bands of ReHo showed different sensitivity to the modulation of EO-EC states. The better spatial consistency between the frequency and overall ReHo maps indicated that the brain might adopt a stricter frequency-dependent configuration with EO than with EC.
Metaphor Detection with Cross-Lingual Model Transfer

We show that it is possible to reliably discriminate whether a syntactic construction is meant literally or metaphorically using lexical semantic features of the words that participate in the construction. Our model is constructed using English resources, and we obtain state-of-the-art performance relative to previous work in this language. Using a model transfer approach by pivoting through a bilingual dictionary, we show our model can identify metaphoric expressions in other languages. We provide results on three new test sets in Spanish, Farsi, and Russian. The results support the hypothesis that metaphors are conceptual, rather than lexical, in nature.
Hybrid genetic ant colony optimization algorithm for capacitated vehicle routing problem with fuzzy demand — A case study on garbage collection system

The logistics distribution problem, which is typically represented as the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP), is a very important issue in logistics. Thus, this paper considers the CVRP with fuzzy demand (CVRPFD). As an NP-hard problem, many researches in CVRP apply meta-heuristic method rather than exact method. A hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) and ant colony optimization (ACO) is proposed in this study. It combines advantages of GA, ACO and two local search methods, namely Prim's algorithm and 2-opt. Verification of the proposed method's performance is conducted on eight benchmark data sets in CVRP. The results show that the proposed GACO algorithm is competitive with other existing algorithms for solving CVRP. Furthermore, the proposed method is also applied to solve garbage collection system which is represented as CVRPFD. The results are also very promising.
Spatiotemporal Directional Number Transitional Graph for Dynamic Texture Recognition

Spatiotemporal image descriptors are gaining attention in the image research community for better representation of dynamic textures. In this paper, we introduce a dynamic-micro-texture descriptor, i.e., spatiotemporal directional number transitional graph (DNG), which describes both the spatial structure and motion of each local neighborhood by capturing the direction of natural flow in the temporal domain. We use the structure of the local neighborhood, given by its principal directions, and compute the transition of such directions between frames. Moreover, we present the statistics of the direction transitions in a transitional graph, which acts as a signature for a given spatiotemporal region in the dynamic texture. Furthermore, we create a sequence descriptor by dividing the spatiotemporal volume into several regions, computing a transitional graph for each of them, and represent the sequence as a set of graphs. Our results validate the robustness of the proposed descriptor in different scenarios for expression recognition and dynamic texture analysis.
Network Analysis Reveals Distinct Clinical Syndromes Underlying Acute Mountain Sickness

Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a common problem among visitors at high altitude, and may progress to life-threatening pulmonary and cerebral oedema in a minority of cases. International consensus defines AMS as a constellation of subjective, non-specific symptoms. Specifically, headache, sleep disturbance, fatigue and dizziness are given equal diagnostic weighting. Different pathophysiological mechanisms are now thought to underlie headache and sleep disturbance during acute exposure to high altitude. Hence, these symptoms may not belong together as a single syndrome. Using a novel visual analogue scale (VAS), we sought to undertake a systematic exploration of the symptomatology of AMS using an unbiased, data-driven approach originally designed for analysis of gene expression. Symptom scores were collected from 292 subjects during 1110 subject-days at altitudes between 3650 m and 5200 m on Apex expeditions to Bolivia and Kilimanjaro. Three distinct patterns of symptoms were consistently identified. Although fatigue is a ubiquitous finding, sleep disturbance and headache are each commonly reported without the other. The commonest pattern of symptoms was sleep disturbance and fatigue, with little or no headache. In subjects reporting severe headache, 40% did not report sleep disturbance. Sleep disturbance correlates poorly with other symptoms of AMS (Mean Spearman correlation 0.25). These results challenge the accepted paradigm that AMS is a single disease process and describe at least two distinct syndromes following acute ascent to high altitude. This approach to analysing symptom patterns has potential utility in other clinical syndromes.
Side effects of fungicides and insecticides on predatory mites, in laboratory conditions

Experiments were carried out on the toxicity of selected insecticides and fungicides to the predatory mites spe- cies: Amblyseius swirskii, A. andersoni, and Phytoseiulus persimilis. Among the tested active substances: abamectin, hexy- tiazox, and spinosad were safe to the predators. The mortality level of the tested predator was comparable to the control treat- ment, seven days after application. The percentage values of these predatory mites' mortality caused by these insecticides, applied at one and a half of the recommended dose did not exceed a low toxicity - 25% (referring to International Organisation for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC) classification on the toxicity to beneficial organisms). The results of the tests re- vealed that imidaclopryd, lambda-cyhalothrin, and fenpyroksymat were highly toxic to the predatory mites. It was found that toxicity of fungicides to the tested predatory mite species depended on the date of the chemical treatment and the date the predators were introduced. The fungicide Topsin M 500 SC - thiophanate-methyl, appeared to be selective to the species A. swirskii and it could be used in the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs for greenhouse grown crops.
Automatic line mark recognition and its application in camera calibration in soccer video

The white line marks on the soccer playfield can convey the positional information of the ongoing match. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for automatic, robust line mark recognition for soccer video and its application in camera calibration is also investigated. The line mark recognition consists of four steps, playfield region detection, playfield area analysis, edge pixel detection and repairing, line mark location. The preliminary experiment shows that the line marks (including curved lines) can be located reliably (precision>90%), and its application in camera calibration is also effective especially when there are not enough straight lines.
Can Social Comparison Feedback Affect Indicators of Eco-Friendly Travel Choices? Insights from Two Online Experiments

Two online experiments explored the effects of social comparison feedback on indicators of eco-friendly travel choices. It was tested whether the chosen indicators are sensitive to the information conveyed, and if this varies as a function of in-group identification. Study 1 (N = 134) focused on unfavourable feedback (i.e., being told that one has a larger ecological footprint than the average member of a reference group). People who received unfavourable feedback reported stronger intentions to choose eco-friendly travel options than those who received nondiscrepant feedback, when in-group identification was high (not moderate or low). Perceived self- and collective efficacy were not associated with the feedback. Study 2 (N = 323) extended the focus on favourable feedback (i.e., being told that one has a smaller ecological footprint than the average member of a reference group). Neither unfavourable nor favourable feedback was associated with behavioural intentions, self- or collective efficacy. This means that Study 2 failed to replicate the finding of Study 1 that behavioural intentions were associated with unfavourable feedback, given that in-group identification is high. The findings are discussed in light of the existing literature. Suggestions are made for future studies investigating social comparison feedback as a means to motivate people to make eco-friendly travel choices.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PROFILE INDICATORS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS IN MALE TENNIS PLAYERS AGED 12, 14 AND 16 YEARS

The establishment of differences in certain morphological characteristics and aerobic energy supply ability among three age categories of Croatian male teenage tennis players was the aim of this cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 60 players classified into three categories by age: U12 (n=20 ; 12.1±0.4 years), U14 (n=20 ; 14.0±0.6 years) and U16 (n=20 ; 15.9±0.4 years). Nine morphological body measures were taken: body height ; body mass ; skinfolds of the back, upper arm, chest, abdomen, thigh, lower leg and suprailiocristal. Also, six variables of cardiopulmonary function were obtained using spirometry and spiroergometry testing. Basic statistical parameters were calculated and ANOVA was applied using Tukey’s post-hoc method. Statistically significant differences were obtained in the variable maximum treadmill speed (p<.01) and maximum treadmill speed at the anaerobic threshold (p<.01). Aerobic levels of the Croatian U12, U14 and U16 tennis players were in line with the requirements of high-performance tennis. The results indicated that the conducted physical conditioning and tennis-specific training programmes had a positive effect on the development of aerobic energy capacity indicators in the examined young tennis players. However, due to the age of subjects, the effect of dynamic processes of growth and maturation on the obtained results in the aerobic capacity test cannot be overlooked.
Regulation of the microtubule nucleating activity of centrosomes in Xenopus egg extracts: role of cyclin A-associated protein kinase

Isolated centrosomes nucleate microtubules when incubated in pure tubulin solutions well below the critical concentration for spontaneous polymer assembly (approximately 15 microM instead of 60 microM). Treatment with urea (2-3 M) does not severely damage the centriole cylinders but inactivates their ability to nucleate microtubules even at high tubulin concentrations. Here we show that centrosomes inactivated by urea are functionally complemented in frog egg extracts. Centrosomes can then be reisolated on sucrose gradients and assayed in different concentrations of pure tubulin to quantify their nucleating activity. We show that the material that complements centrosomes is stored in a soluble form in the egg. Each frog egg contains enough material to complement greater than 6,000 urea-inactivated centrosomes. The material is heat inactivated above 56 degrees C. One can use this in vitro system to study how the microtubule nucleating activity of centrosomes is regulated. Native centrosomes require approximately 15 microM tubulin to begin nucleating microtubules, whereas centrosomes complemented in interphase extracts begin nucleating microtubules around 7-8 microM tubulin. Therefore, the critical tubulin concentrations for polymer assembly off native centrosomes is higher than that observed for the centrosomes first denatured and then complemented in egg extracts. In vivo, the microtubule nucleating activity of centrosomes seems to be regulated by phosphorylation at the onset of mitosis (Centonze, V. E., and G. G. Borisy. 1990. J. Cell Sci. 95:405-411). Since cyclins are major regulators of mitosis, we tested the effect of adding bacterially produced cyclins to interphase egg extracts. Both cyclin A and B activate an H1 kinase in the extracts. Cyclin A-associated kinase causes an increase in the microtubule nucleating activity of centrosomes complemented in the extract but cyclin B does not. The critical tubulin concentration for polymer assembly off centrosomes complemented in cyclin A-treated extracts is similar to that observed for centrosomes complemented in interphase extracts. However, centrosomes complemented in cyclin A treated extracts nucleate much more microtubules at high tubulin concentration. We define this as the "capacity" of centrosomes to nucleate microtubules. It seems that the microtubule nucleating activity of centrosomes can be defined by two distinct parameters: (a) the critical tubulin concentration at which they begin to nucleate microtubules and (b) their capacity to nucleate microtubules at high tubulin concentrations, the latter being modulated by phosphorylation.
The Observed Properties of Dark Matter on Small Spatial Scales

We present a synthesis of recent photometric and kinematic data for several of the most dark matter dominated galaxies, the dwarf spheroidal Galactic satellites, and compare them to star clusters. There is a bimodal distribution in half-light radii, with stable star clusters always being smaller than ~30 pc, while stable galaxies are always larger than ~120 pc. We extend the previously known observational relationships and interpret them in terms of a more fundamental pair of intrinsic properties of dark matter itself: dark matter forms cored mass distributions, with a core scale length of greater than about 100 pc, and always has a maximum central mass density within a narrow range. The dark matter in dSph galaxies appears to be clustered such that there is a mean volume mass density within the stellar distribution which has the very low value of less than about 0.1 M☉ pc-3 (about 5 GeV/c2 cm-3). All dSph's have velocity dispersions at the edge of their light distributions equivalent to circular velocities of ~15 km s-1. The maximum central dark matter density derived is model dependent but is likely to have a characteristic value (averaged over a volume of radius 10 pc) of ~0.1 M☉ pc-3 for the favored cored dark mass distributions (where it is similar to the mean value), or ~60 M ☉ pc-3 (about 2 TeV/c2 cm-3) if the dark matter density distribution is cusped. Galaxies are embedded in dark matter halos with these properties; smaller systems containing dark matter are not observed. These values provide new information about the nature of the dominant form of dark matter.
CodeArmor: Virtualizing the Code Space to Counter Disclosure Attacks

Code diversification is an effective strategy to prevent modern code-reuse exploits. Unfortunately, diversification techniques are inherently vulnerable to information disclosure. Recent diversification-aware ROP exploits have demonstrated that code disclosure attacks are a realistic threat, with an attacker able to read or execute arbitrary code memory and gather enough gadgets to bypass state-of-the-art code diversification defenses. In this paper, we present CodeArmor, a binary-level system to harden code diversification against all the existing read-based and execution-based code disclosure attacks. To counter such attacks, CodeArmor virtualizes the code space to completely decouple code pointer values from the concrete location of their targets in the memory address space. Using a combination of run-time randomization and pervasively deployed honey gadgets, code space virtualization probabilistically ensures that only code references that can legitimately be issued by the program are effectively translated to the concrete code space. This strategy significantly reduces the attack surface, limiting the attacker to only code pointer gadgets that can be leaked from data memory. In addition, unlike existing leakage-resistant code diversification techniques that provide similar security guarantees, CodeArmor requires no access to source code, hypervisors, or special hardware support. Our experimental results show that CodeArmor significantly raises the bar against existing and future attacks, at the cost of relatively low average performance overhead (6.9% on SPEC and 14.5% on popular server programs, and even lower—roughly halving such average overheads—when operating aggressive inlining optimizations at the binary level).
Facilitating gaze interaction using the gap and overlap effects

Many results from psychophysics have indicated that the latency of saccadic eye movements is affected by how new visual stimuli is presented. In this paper we show how two such results, known as the gap effect (GE) and overlap condition (OC), can be used to improve gaze interaction. We have chosen a dwell time based eye typing application, since eye typing can be easily modeled as a sequence of eye movements from one key to the next. By modeling how dwell time selection is performed, we show how the GE and OC can be used to generate visual feedback that facilitates the eye movement to the next key. A pilot experiment was conducted in which participants had to type short phrases on a virtual keyboard using 2 different visual feedback methods, one traditional feedback based on animation and a new feedback scheme using the GE and OC. Results show that using a feedback that exploits these phenomena facilitates eye movements and can improve eye typing user experience and performance.
Smoking, Lower Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, and Risk for Colorectal Cancer

Background: Lower gastrointestinal endoscopy can decrease colorectal cancer risk strongly through detection and removal of adenomas. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether utilization of lower gastrointestinal endoscopy modifies the effect of lifetime smoking exposure on colorectal cancer risk in a population-based case–control study. Methods: In this study from Southern Germany including 2,916 patients with colorectal cancer and 3,044 controls, information about lifetime smoking and other risk factors was obtained from standardized interviews. Self-reported endoscopies were validated by medical records. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to investigate associations of smoking with colorectal cancer risk after stratification by utilization of lower gastrointestinal endoscopy in the preceding 10 years. Results: Median age of patients and controls was 69 and 70 years, respectively. Former regular smoking was associated with increased colorectal cancer risk in the group with no previous endoscopy [adjusted OR, 1.50; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.28–1.75], whereas no association was found in the group with preceding endoscopy (OR, 1.05; CI, 0.83–1.33; P for interaction <0.01). Lower gastrointestinal endoscopy did not modify the association of smoking and colorectal cancer risk among current smokers and among the more recent quitters. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the increased risk of colorectal cancer among former regular smokers is essentially overcome by detection and removal of adenomas at lower gastrointestinal endoscopy. However, risk of colorectal cancer was increased if smoking was continued into higher adult age. Impact: The strong protective effect of lower gastrointestinal endoscopy may be compromised by continued smoking. Smoking cessation may increase the efficacy of lower gastrointestinal endoscopy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(3); 525–33. ©2014 AACR.