Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring College Students’ Attitudes Toward Requesting Accommodations: A National Multi-Institutional Study

College students with disabilities represent an increasing population of nontraditional students that often experience difficulty in achieving in higher education. This difficulty appears to be related to students with disabilities needing to request accommodations in higher education, unlike in elementary and secondary education where accommodations are provided. In the current study, an instrument, the Attitudes Toward Requesting Accommodations (ATRA), was developed to measure attitudes toward requesting accommodations among college students with disabilities. The results of the current study indicate evidence in support of the sound psychometric properties of the ATRA so that it may be utilized by higher education administrators concerned with the achievement and retention of college students with disabilities.
Research Training Environments and Student Productivity

During the summer of 1984, APA-approved counseling psychology programs were surveyed about their research training practices. Although the programs view themselves as placing greater emphasis on the practitioner as opposed to the scientist aspects of training, many current students do publish research and/or present research findings at professional meetings. When the programs were categorized into high and low productive based on students publishing and presenting research during 1983-1984, several variables differentiated the categories. High productive programs tended to involve students in research early in training, required them to participate in research teams or to complete research apprenticeships, more strongly encouraged student research presentation and publication, and were more likely to provide typing for student manuscripts. They also placed greater emphasis on philosophy of science, gave more exposure to qualitative research, and were less likely to approve correlational/ex post facto research designs in doctoral dissertations. The training practices and their implications are discussed.
The Transnational Corporate Networks of Breakfast Cereals in Asia

Network perspectives have recently been proposed as a theoretical base for research in economic geography. However, there is an unclear relationship between the advocacy of network approaches and the development of methodological tactics to frame related empirical research. By reference to one episode of corporate spatial behaviour—the establishment of a manufacturing facility in Thailand by the US-headquartered breakfast-cereal company, Kellogg—an organising framework for network-inspired economic geography is suggested. Kellogg's entry into Thailand is analysed in terms of the construction and mobilisation of relational networks producing five overlapping geographies: (1) geographies of place; (2) geographies of intrafirm trade and relations; (3) regional geographies of accumulation; (4) geographies of interfirm relations; and (5) geographies of consumption.
Beware of the ‘telephone effect’: the influence of telephone transmission on the measurement of formant frequencies

Speech scientists often have to work with speech signals that have been transmitted over the telephone. Although the acoustic properties of telephone transmission such as the band-pass filter characteristics are well known, little attention has been paid to their effect on the measurement of speech parameters. This study deals with artefacts introduced by the lower cut-off slope of the transmission channel on vowel formants. For theoretical reasons, frequency components may be assumed to be attenuated the lower they are. Therefore F1 of most vowels can be expected to be affected most. Attenuation of the lower components of a formant will necessarily increase the relative weight of the higher components for the determination of a formant and thus cause an artificial upward shift of its centre frequency. An empirical investigation with directly and telephone-transmitted samples from ten male and ten female subjects shows that the predicted effect on F1 does in fact occur for all tested vowels except /a/, whose F1 is too high to be affected by the slope of the band-pass. The consequences of measurement errors arising from such artefacts are discussed with special reference to speaker identification and empirical dialectology.
Process considerations related to the microencapsulation of plasmid DNA via ultrasonic atomization

An effective means of facilitating DNA vaccine delivery to antigen presenting cells is through biodegradable microspheres. Microspheres offer distinct advantages over other delivery technologies by providing release of DNA vaccine in its bioactive form in a controlled fashion. In this study, biodegradable poly(D,L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres containing polyethylenimine (PEI) condensed plasmid DNA (pDNA) were prepared using a 40 kHz ultrasonic atomization system. Process synthesis parameters, which are important to the scale‐up of microspheres that are suitable for nasal delivery (i.e., less than 20 µm), were studied. These parameters include polymer concentration; feed flowrate; volumetric ratio of polymer and pDNA‐PEI (plasmid DNA‐polyethylenimine) complexes; and nitrogen to phosphorous (N/P) ratio. PDNA encapsulation efficiencies were predominantly in the range 82–96%, and the mean sizes of the particle were between 6 and 15 µm. The ultrasonic synthesis method was shown to have excellent reproducibility. PEI affected morphology of the microspheres, as it induced the formation of porous particles that accelerate the release rate of pDNA. The PLGA microspheres displayed an in vitro release of pDNA of 95–99% within 30 days and demonstrated zero order release kinetics without an initial spike of pDNA. Agarose electrophoresis confirmed conservation of the supercoiled form of pDNA throughout the synthesis and in vitro release stages. It was concluded that ultrasonic atomization is an efficient technique to overcome the key obstacles in scaling‐up the manufacture of encapsulated vaccine for clinical trials and ultimately, commercial applications. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;101: 172–181. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fumigant Toxicity and Oviposition Deterrency of the Essential Oil from Cardamom, Elettaria cardamomum, Against Three Stored—product Insects

Abstract Use of insecticides can have disruptive effects on the environment. Replacing the chemical compounds in these insecticides with plant materials, however, can be a safe method with low environmental risk. In the current study, chemical composition and insecticidal activities of the essential oil from cardamom, Elettaria cardamomum L. (Maton) (Zingiberales: Zingiberaceae) on the adults of three stored product pests was investigated. Results indicated that essential oil of E. cardamomum toxic to the bruchid beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and the flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Adults of E. kuehniella were more sensitive than the Coleoptera. Also, the highest mortality of these insects was seen after 12 hours. Results of the LT50 tests showed that the lethal time of mortality occurred between 10–20 hours in various test concentrations. Essential oil of E. cardamomum had a good efficacy on oviposition deterrence of C. maculatus females, too. The chemical constituents of the essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry. The major constituents of cardamom were identified as 1,8-cineol, &agr;-terpinyl acetate, terpinene and fenchyl alcohol. These results suggest that essential oil of E. cardamomum is a good choice for control of stored product pests.
Subchronic effects of fluoxetine on conditioned suppression produced by a hot air blast

Conditioned suppression is an animal model of anxiety disorders that has been broadly used to investigate the behavioral effects of different drugs. However, various methodological variables (e.g., the type of aversive stimulus) that supposedly interfere with the acquisition of conditioned suppression may also contribute to conflicting results among the studied drugs. Additionally, few studies have sought to investigate the effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The present study investigated the effect of subchronic 5-day administration of 5 mg/kg fluoxetine in the retention of conditioned suppression produced by a hot air blast (HAB). The subjects were 12 albino Wistar rats distributed into an Experimental Group (EG) and Control Group (CG). After sessions were conducted to pair two stimuli, a sound and HAB, fluoxetine (EG) or saline (CG) was administered. Twenty-four hours after the last injection, a test session was conducted. The results showed no difference between groups. Fluoxetine (5 mg/kg) did not exert anxiolytic effects in this model of conditioned suppression produced by a HAB.
Groundwater Age and Groundwater Age Dating

A new way of thinking about groundwater age is changing the field of groundwater age dating. Following a rigorous definition of age, a groundwater sample is seen not as water that recharged the flow regime at a point in the past, but as a mixture of waters that have resided in the subsurface for varying lengths of time. This recognition resolves longstanding inconsistencies encountered in age dating and suggests new ways to carry out age dating studies. Tomorrow’s studies will likely employ sets of marker isotopes and molecules spanning a broad spectrum of age and incorporate a wide range of chemical and physical data collected from differing stratigraphic levels. The observations will be inverted using reactive transport modeling, allowing flow to be characterized not in one direction along a single aquifer, but in two or three dimensions over an entire flow regime.
Temporal Patterns of Affect in an Isolated Group

Anecdotal evidence has suggested that personnel in isolated, polar work settings experience a sharp decline in motivation and morale shortly after the half-way point of their mission. This "third-quarter phenomenon" was investigated as part of the Polar Psychology Project. Five subjects (four men, one woman; age range 28 to 41 years) were isolated in a decommissioned high Arctic weather station, at Isachsen, Northwest Territories (78°N, 103°W), for a period of 7 weeks. As part of the psychological measurements, the subjects were required to keep a diary and to fill out, once daily, a modified version of the Russell Mood Scale. Group mean arousal reached a low point in the sixth week, whereas group pleasure reached a minimum in the third week. Individual arousal and pleasure showed no consistent pattern. These results are discussed in light of significant events recorded in the subjects' diaries; overall variability of mood as a function of polar experience is also discussed.
Incidence and Paris Classification of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

New epidemiological data suggest that the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing. As a result the burden of disease accounts for more strains to the health care system. The clinical variability queries whether disease characteristics are related to clinical outcome. Our aim was to delineate the latest results of incidence trends in pediatric IBD and to compare the first experiences with Paris Classification. Incidence of pediatric IBD has been increasing in Western Europe and in Eastern Europe. To better characterize IBD, Paris Classification was introduced and validated recently. Ileocolonic involvement is the most characteristic disease location in Crohn's disease (CD) based on applying Paris Classification. The rate of perianal disease and complicated behaviour in CD was similar. It is of interest that CD patients with colonic involvement were less likely to have stricturing disease compared with patients with ileal involvement. In addition, pancolitis dominated in ulcerative colitis (UC). However, most countries lack prospective, nationwide epidemiological studies to estimate incidence trends. This review emphasizes the importance of nationwide registries that enroll all pediatric IBD cases serving reliable data for “everyday practice. ” These first reports have shown that Paris Classification is a useful tool to determine the pediatric IBD phenotype.
Modèles simplifiés d'interaction fluide-structure

Dans cette these nous nous sommes interesses a la stabilite lineaire d'un systeme mecanique en interaction fluide-structure. Nous avons mis au point une methode de linearisation permettant de justifier mathematiquement les conditions d'interface de transpiration, ainsi que de definir un probleme lineaire d'interaction fluide-structure avec ce type de conditions. Cette technique a ete ensuite appliquee a la demarche du ``Principe de linearisation''. L'analyse de stabilite lineaire se reduit alors a l'etude des valeurs propres d'un probleme spectral couple. Ces valeurs propres sont definies a partir des valeurs caracteristiques d'un operateur compact specifique. Nous proposons un schema de discretisation du probleme spectral, conduisant a un probleme generalise aux valeurs propres. La calcul numerique des valeurs propres de plus petite partie reelle est effectue par un algorithme combinant une methode IRAM (Implicit Restarted Arnoldi Method) et la transformation de Cayley generalisee. Des experiences numeriques mettent en evidence la robustesse de l'approche proposee, linearisation-transpiration, pour la detection d'instabilites de systemes en interaction fluide-structure.
Antiviral Susceptibility of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses Isolated from Poultry, Vietnam, 2009–2011

We assessed drug susceptibilities of 125 avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses isolated from poultry in Vietnam during 2009–2011. Of 25 clade 1.1 viruses, all possessed a marker of resistance to M2 blockers amantadine and rimantadine; 24 were inhibited by neuraminidase inhibitors. One clade 1.1 virus contained the R430W neuraminidase gene and reduced inhibition by oseltamivir, zanamivir, and laninamivir 12-, 73-, and 29-fold, respectively. Three of 30 clade 2.3. 4 viruses contained a I223T mutation and showed 7-fold reduced inhibition by oseltamivir. One of 70 clade 2.3. 2.1 viruses had the H275Y marker of oseltamivir resistance and exhibited highly reduced inhibition by oseltamivir and peramivir; antiviral agents DAS181 and favipiravir inhibited H275Y mutant virus replication in MDCK-SIAT1 cells. Replicative fitness of the H275Y mutant virus was comparable to that of wildtype virus. These findings highlight the role of drug susceptibility monitoring of H5N1 subtype viruses circulating among birds to inform antiviral stockpiling decisions for pandemic preparedness.
Survey of liver vitamin A stores of Canadians.

MANY studies have been undertaken in different countries to determine the vitamin A reserves in the normal human being and the influence of disease on these reserves. Sherman and Boynton14 and Moore8 found that the liver is the main storage organ of vitamin A and that the distribution of the vitamin throughout the body is similar for many mammals. About 90% of the body store of vitamin A is in the liver.11 Determination of the concentration of the vitamin in the liver, there¬ fore, provides a convenient index of vitamin A
Identification, characterization, and gene expression profiling of endotoxin-induced myocarditis

In septic shock, reversible cardiac dysfunction starts within 24 h. Myocardial depressant factors are thought to cause myocyte dysfunction, resulting in alterations of intrinsic cardiac function. Nitric oxide is a myocardial depressant factor candidate. Here we identify endotoxin-induced myocarditis (EIM) a previously uncharacterized pathophysiological entity. Features of EIM include differential patterns of inducible NO synthase (NOS2) mRNA induction in the left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles during the systemic response inflammatory syndrome (SIRS) and the presence of myocarditis with focal areas of aseptic necrosis in the RV 24 h after SIRS induction. Even though clinical data lead to the presumption of myocardial injury in sepsis, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms have not been previously elucidated. Gene expression profiling was used to test the hypothesis of differential LV and RV responses in EIM, and revealed novel patterns of qualitative and quantitative expansion of transcription. Those genes are novel targets for drug development in SIRS and sepsis. Our results demonstrate spatial and temporal heterogeneity of myocardial responses in EIM. These findings justify the design of treatments to ameliorate tissue injury in the RV. Because the complexity of the inflammatory response increases substantially as time elapses, we suggest a stepwise and multitarget therapeutic approach for SIRS and sepsis. Our findings can help identify innate immune pathways that could become targets for immunotherapy in the treatment of disease caused by potential bioterrorism agents.
The Relations between Initial Training with Autonomous Motivation, Thriving and Turnover Intentions of Recruiters in the Staffing Industry

The high turnover rate in the staffing industry has received a lot of attention in the business world. However, initial training may be positively related to a recruiter’s autonomous motivation as well as their thriving and job retention. This research study aims to explore, in the staffing industry, the relation between the initial training provided to recruiters and their autonomous motivation. In addition, the study will explore the relation between autonomous motivation and the recruiters’ thriving at work and their turnover intentions. One hundred recruiters in 22 staffing agencies participated in the study by completing a paper-based questionnaire. The findings from the study revealed support for the seven hypotheses. This study measured initial training in five different ways. Initial training was positively related to autonomous motivation and thriving at work, and negatively related to turnover intentions. In addition, autonomous motivation mediated the relationship between initial training and turnover intentions, as well as initial training and thriving at work. The only measure of training that did not yield expected results was that the number of initial training days had no effect on the dependent variables. The small sample size, a threat to external validity, and history effect are some of the limitations in the study. Future research could expand this study to other industries, increase the sample size, as well as examine if pay structure or type of recruitment influence the results. Keywords: autonomous motivation, training, thriving, turnover intentions
Health education intervention in early and late postmenopausal Brazilian women

Aim To identify aspects of health in postmenopausal Brazilian women using a health-related educational program provided by a multidisciplinary team as part of the primary care approach for early and late postmenopausal symptoms. Design A prospective cohort was formed with 69 postmenopausal women; they were divided into groups corresponding to early (n = 32) and late postmenopause (n = 37) through gynecological and clinical evaluations. We administered the Kuppermann–Blatt Menopausal Index and the Women's Health Questionnaire before and after health education instructions. Results The average age for the onset of menopause was 47.9 years (n = 69). Fifty women (72.5%) in this study had completed their primary education, 78.3% (n = 54) performed manual labor, and 60.9% (n = 42) showed concomitant chronic illnesses. After attending a series of health-related presentations, the mean weight of the women was reduced by 3.54% in early postmenopausal women (p < 0.001) and by 2.06% in the late postmenopausal group (p < 0.001). The mean abdominal circumference was reduced by 1.75% (p < 0.001) in the early postmenopausal group. In addition, the total score in the Kuppermann–Blatt Menopausal Index decreased by 34.38% in the early and by 33.33% in the late postmenopausal groups. According to the Women's Health Questionnaire, there was a decrease in the domain Depressive mood by 0.839 to 0.700 (p < 0.001) in the early and by 0.814 to 0.648 (p < 0.001) in the late postmenopausal groups. Conclusion Regardless of improving menopausal symptoms and anthropometric parameters, the effects of the multidisciplinary team activities in early postmenopausal women may be similar to those in late postmenopausal women.
Space-Time Local Embeddings

Space-time is a profound concept in physics. This concept was shown to be useful for dimensionality reduction. We present basic definitions with interesting counter-intuitions. We give theoretical propositions to show that space-time is a more powerful representation than Euclidean space. We apply this concept to manifold learning for preserving local information. Empirical results on non-metric datasets show that more information can be preserved in space-time.
Symmetry Detection and Orientation Perception: Electrocortical Responses to Stimuli with Real and Implicit Axes of Orientation

Abstract The present study was designed to investigate the electrocortical correlates of visual anisotropy with particular reference to the anisotropics reported for symmetrical patterns. On the basis of earlier studies of visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to lines of differing orientation, it was predicted that VEP parameters would differ according to the orientation of the axis of symmetry of a stimulus pattern. It was further predicted that a direct comparison of explicit orientation (by line presentation) and implicit orientation (via patterns symmetrical about axes differing in orientation) would yield data consistent with the notion that symmetry detection is a special case of orientation detection. The present findings indicated that for components of VEP waveforms up to 500 ms from stimulus onset, amplitude was generally greater for patterns with a vertical axis of symmetry than for patterns with a horizontal axis of symmetry, while patterns with positive and negative oblique axes evoked VEPs with t.
Fast Integral Image Estimation at 1% measurement rate

We propose a framework called ReFInE to directly obtain integral image estimates from a very small number of spatially multiplexed measurements of the scene without iterative reconstruction of any auxiliary image, and demonstrate their practical utility in visual object tracking. Specifically, we design measurement matrices which are tailored to facilitate extremely fast estimation of the integral image, by using a single-shot linear operation on the measured vector. Leveraging a prior model for the images, we formulate a nuclear norm minimization problem with second order conic constraints to jointly obtain the measurement matrix and the linear operator. Through qualitative and quantitative experiments, we show that high quality integral image estimates can be obtained using our framework at very low measurement rates. Further, on a standard dataset of 50 videos, we present object tracking results which are comparable to the state-of-the-art methods, even at an extremely low measurement rate of 1%.