Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emerging relationships between religious education and citizenship education: teachers’ perceptions and political dilemmas in Cyprus

Abstract This article explores the ways in which a group of primary school teachers in Cyprus interprets the relationship between religious and citizenship education. The contextualisation of the meaning of religious education shows the extent to which social, historical and political elements shape teachers’ perceptions about the entanglements between religious and citizenship education. In particular, the present study reveals two important findings – one concerning the conceptualisation of each school subject and their perceived relationship and the other concerning the contextualisation of this relationship in the cultural and political contexts of Cyprus. The findings also reveal important constraints and political dilemmas for the possible trajectories of ‘religious citizenship education’ in Cyprus. The article discusses the implications for curriculum and policy deliberations, as well as further research on ‘religious citizenship education’ in specific cultural and political settings.
Hypertension: a disease of the microcirculation?

In the last decade, the pathophysiology of microcirculation has become an actively developing field of hypertension research, which we have felt it useful to review. An exact definition of microcirculation is elusive. It is often taken morphologically, to encompass all of the blood vessels with a diameter <150 μm, that is, some small arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and venules,1 with the morphological distinction between small arteries and arterioles not entirely clear, because some2 but not all authors3 limit the concept of arteriole to vessels containing a single layer of smooth muscle cells. Functionally, it is usually accepted that the arterial side of the microcirculation composes most of the resistance vessels, meaning that the largest part of the pressure drop between large conduit arteries and veins takes place in this segment.2,4 The “resistance” property of small arteries and arterioles is intimately, although not exclusively, related to the prevalence of myogenic tone in these vessels.5,6 Myogenic tone is an intrinsic property of vascular smooth muscle, which contracts in response to stretching, independent of any nerve or humoral mediation.5 All arteries have myogenic tone and, therefore, contract in response to an increase in blood pressure. Myogenic tone gains in importance with decreasing vessel caliber,7,8 and only in small arteries and arterioles (diameter: 15 to 300 μm, depending on species and organ) can it provoke substantial luminal narrowing (or even closure) in reaction to an increase in transmural pressure.8,9 In the hamster cheek pouch, for example, control of arterial/arteriolar luminal size by myogenic tone seems minimal in the feeding saccular arteries (diameter 135 μm) but progressively more intense in the A1 (80 μm), A2 (40 μm), and A3 arterioles (28 μm). 8 Myogenic tone serves a simple purpose: to protect the distal capillaries against deleterious local hypertension. …
Carotid Endarterectomy vs. Carotid Stenting: Fairly Comparable or Unfairly Compared?

Carotid revascularization with carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been shown to be superior to medical therapy for stroke prevention in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with moderate to severe stenosis who meet well defined medical and surgical selection criteria. The benefit of CEA is significantly higher in symptomatic compared to asymptomatic patients. Carotid artery stenting (CAS) has emerged as an alternative in patients who are considered high surgical-risk due to co-existent medical co-morbidities or anatomical high-risk features. Since its development in the early 1990’s, the technique of endovascular carotid revascularization has been undergoing a continuous maturation process mainly due to a change from the initial use of balloon expandable stents to self-expanding stents, the introduction of and continuously improving array of emboli prevention devices (EPD's) and last but not least increasing operator experience. This culminated in the randomized SAPPHIRE trial of protected CAS [i.e., CAS performed with EPD] vs. CEA in high surgical-risk patients, that showed that CAS was non-inferior to CEA with lower peri-procedural complication rates as well as lower rates of restenosis (Yadav et al., 2004). Furthermore, increased experience with this technique has led to the realization that just like with CEA, there are patients (e.g., older age, excessive vascular tortuosity or calcification) who are high-risk for CAS. (Chaturvedi et al., 2010).
Aircraft Regional-Scale Flux Measurements over Complex Landscapes of Mangroves, Desert, and Marine Ecosystems of Magdalena Bay, Mexico

Naturalecosystemsare rarely structurallysimple or functionally homogeneous. This is true for the complex coastal region of Magdalena Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico, where the spatial variability in ecosystem fluxes from the Pacific coastal ocean, eutrophic lagoon, mangroves, and desert were studied. The Sky Arrow 650TCN environmental research aircraft proved to be an effective tool in characterizing land‐atmosphere fluxes ofenergy, CO2, and watervapor across a heterogeneous landscape at the scale of1km. The aircraftwas capable of discriminating fluxes from all ecosystem types, as well as between nearshore and coastal areas a few kilometers distant. Aircraft-derived average midday CO2 fluxes from the desert showed a slight uptake of 21.32mmolCO2m 22 s 21 , the coastal ocean also showed an uptake of 23.48mmolCO2m 22 s 21 , and the lagoon mangroves showed the highest uptake of 28.11mmolCO2m 22 s 21 . Additional simultaneous measurements of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) allowed simple linear modeling of CO2 flux asafunction ofNDVIforthemangrovesoftheMagdalenaBayregion.Aircraftapproachescan,therefore,be instrumental in determining regional CO2 fluxes and can be pivotal in calculating and verifying ecosystem carbon sequestration regionally when coupled with satellite-derived products and ecosystem models.
NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS AND NO3− REMOVAL AT A SOIL–STREAM INTERFACE: A STABLE ISOTOPE APPROACH

The natural removal of NO3− by denitrification within riparian zones of streams and rivers is an area of considerable interest owing to its potential to minimize the impacts of excess anthropogenic loadings. In this study we utilize natural variations in stable N isotopic compositions of NO3− and NH4+ within a transect of shallow wells extending 4 m inland from Smith Creek, a southwestern Michigan stream, to provide insight into microbial processes and the extent of NO3− removal within a soil–stream interface. Within this region three water masses with unique biogeochemical characteristics intersect: a shallow flow rich in NH4+ and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), a deep groundwater mass rich in NO3− but depleted in DOC, and stream water low in NO3−, NH4+, and DOC. N isotope values for NO3− within the well transect were highly variable (−7.7–34.1‰) and reflected intense microbial activity within this narrow region. Isotopic variation was primarily controlled by upwelling of deep groundwater near the stream.
Update Synchronization for Mobile XML Data

Many handheld applications receive data from a primary database server and operate in an intermittently connected environment these days. They maintain data consistency with data sources through sychronization. In certain applications such as sales force automation, it is highly desirable if updates on the data source can be reﬂected at the handheld applications immediately. This paper proposes an efﬁcient method to synchronize XML data on multiple mobile devices. Each device retrieves and caches a local copy of data from the database source based on a regular path expression. These local copies may be overlapping or disjoint with each other. An efﬁcient mechanism is proposed to ﬁnd all the disjoint copies to avoid unnecessary synchronizations. Each update to the data source will then be checked to identify all handheld applications which are affected by the update. Communication costs can be further reduced by eliminating the forwarding of unnecessary operations to groups of mobile clients.
On the Construct Validity of Stereotype Threat Measures: Some Possible Boundary Conditions

Since 1995, much research has focused on the negative effects that stereotype threat (ST) may have on task and test performance (e.g., Nguyen & Ryan, 2008). To date, however, no research has examined the underlying meaning of this construct in a manner precise enough to determine if it is indeed a unique and meaningful concept and any potential boundaries. Therefore, the main goal of the current research was to obtain a better understanding of what distinctions, if any, exist between ST and similar constructs. Using a factorial design and examining correlations among variables, measures of ST were compared to measures of three similar or related constructs: Stereotype Priming, Test Anxiety, and Test Motivation. In an attempt to clarify the meaning of both (1) these commonly used self-report measures, and (2) common experimental manipulations of those variables, a 3 (Blatant Stereotype Threat Cue vs. Implicit Stereotype Threat Cue vs. Stereotype Prime) x 2 (Well-Known Stereotype vs. Novel Stereotype) design was utilized. Significant differences between targets and non-targets of the ST were found for two of the dependent variables. A significant main effect for novelty of the stereotype and several significant interactions between novelty and cue type were found. More importantly, however, analyses of the qualitative data provided a better understanding of the ST phenomenon, its boundaries, and how it should be defined in the future. The potentials reasons for this effect and the limitation of the study are discussed.
Classifying EEG Recordings of Rhythm Perception

Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings of rhythm perception might contain enough information to distinguish different rhythm types/genres or even identify the rhythms themselves. In this paper, we present first classification results using deep learning techniques on EEG data recorded within a rhythm perception study in Kigali, Rwanda. We tested 13 adults, mean age 21, who performed three behavioral tasks using rhythmic tone sequences derived from either East African or Western music. For the EEG testing, 24 rhythms ‐ half East African and half Western with identical tempo and based on a 2-bar 12/8 scheme ‐ were each repeated for 32 seconds. During presentation, the participants’ brain waves were recorded via 14 EEG channels. We applied stacked denoising autoencoders and convolutional neural networks on the collected data to distinguish African and Western rhythms on a group and individual participant level. Furthermore, we investigated how far these techniques can be used to recognize the individual rhythms.
Meslek Yüksekokullarının Sağlık ve Sosyal Programlarında Öğrenim Gören Öğrencilerin Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları ve Öz-Bakım Gücü Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

This study has been planned to determine the self-care agency and the behaviors of healthy-life-style of the students studying at both health and social vocational collages, to study the relations between these two, and to make the affecting factors clear. The mean point of the behaviors of healthy-life-style of the students who study on medical subjects is 118.46p21. 38, and the mean point for the students of the social programs is 125.34p23. 95. It has been found that there is an incredible variation between total mean point of the students' self realization, exercise and nourishment levels and healthy life style behaviors scale and self-care agency levels (pl0.05). The self-care agency mean point of the students in the medical programs has been significantly different from that of the social program students (pl0.05). The average of self-care agency of female students and the average exercise point of male students are widely different from that of the opposite sex (pl0.05). It has been revealed that there are meaningful variations in the health responsibility levels among various age groups, in the total point average of nourishment level and healthy life style behaviors scale according to the place of accommodation and in self-realization, exercise, nourishment, coping with stress and the scale of healthy life style behaviors according to the general state of health (pl0.05). The self-care agency of the non-smokers is seemingly different from that of the smokers (pl0.05). There is a statistical correlation between the levels of the healthy life style behaviors and the self-care agency (pl0,001). Key words: Students at vocational collages, Healthy-Life-Style Behaviors, Self-care agencyife
Sensor Data Fusion with Z-Numbers and Its Application in Fault Diagnosis

Sensor data fusion technology is widely employed in fault diagnosis. The information in a sensor data fusion system is characterized by not only fuzziness, but also partial reliability. Uncertain information of sensors, including randomness, fuzziness, etc., has been extensively studied recently. However, the reliability of a sensor is often overlooked or cannot be analyzed adequately. A Z-number, Z = (A, B), can represent the fuzziness and the reliability of information simultaneously, where the first component A represents a fuzzy restriction on the values of uncertain variables and the second component B is a measure of the reliability of A. In order to model and process the uncertainties in a sensor data fusion system reasonably, in this paper, a novel method combining the Z-number and Dempster–Shafer (D-S) evidence theory is proposed, where the Z-number is used to model the fuzziness and reliability of the sensor data and the D-S evidence theory is used to fuse the uncertain information of Z-numbers. The main advantages of the proposed method are that it provides a more robust measure of reliability to the sensor data, and the complementary information of multi-sensors reduces the uncertainty of the fault recognition, thus enhancing the reliability of fault detection.
Genes and causation

Relating genotypes to phenotypes is problematic not only owing to the extreme complexity of the interactions between genes, proteins and high-level physiological functions but also because the paradigms for genetic causality in biological systems are seriously confused. This paper examines some of the misconceptions, starting with the changing definitions of a gene, from the cause of phenotype characters to the stretches of DNA. I then assess whether the ‘digital’ nature of DNA sequences guarantees primacy in causation compared to non-DNA inheritance, whether it is meaningful or useful to refer to genetic programs, and the role of high-level (downward) causation. The metaphors that served us well during the molecular biological phase of recent decades have limited or even misleading impacts in the multilevel world of systems biology. New paradigms are needed if we are to succeed in unravelling multifactorial genetic causation at higher levels of physiological function and so to explain the phenomena that genetics was originally about. Because it can solve the ‘genetic differential effect problem’, modelling of biological function has an essential role to play in unravelling genetic causation.
Adverse events experienced by homecare patients: a scoping review of the literature.

PURPOSE The paper summarizes the results of a scoping review that focused on the occurrence of adverse events experienced by homecare patients. DATA SOURCES The literature search covered published and grey literature between 1998 and 2007. Databases searched included: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and EBM REVIEWS including the Cochrane Library, AGELINE, the National Patient Safety Foundation Bibliography, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the Patient Safety Net bibliography. STUDY SELECTION Papers included research studies, review articles, policy papers, opinion articles and legal briefs. Inclusion criteria were: (i) homecare directed services provided in the home by healthcare professionals or caregivers; (ii) addressed a characteristic relevant to patient experienced adverse events (e.g. occurrences, rates, definitions, prevention or outcomes); and (iii) were in English. Data extraction A pool of 1007 articles was reduced to 168 after analysis. Data were charted according to six categories: definitions, rates, causes, consequences, interventions and policy. RESULTS Eight categories emerged: adverse drug events, line-related, technology-related, infections and urinary catheters, wounds, falls, studies reporting multiple rates and other. Reported overall rates of adverse events ranged from 3.5 to 15.1% with higher rates for specific types. Few intervention studies were found. Adverse events were commonly associated with communication problems. Policy suggestions included the need to improve assessments, monitoring, education, coordination and communication. CONCLUSION A standardized definition of adverse events in the homecare setting is needed. Prospective cohort studies are needed to improve estimates and intervention studies should be undertaken to reduce the risk that homecare patients will experience adverse events.
RXTE Observations of 0.1-300 Hz Quasi-periodic Oscillationsin the Microquasar GRO J1655–40

We have investigated 52 Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer pointed observations of GRO J1655-40 spanning the X-ray outburst that commenced on 1996 April 25 and lasted for 16 months. Our X-ray timing analyses reveal four types of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs): three with relatively stable central frequencies near 300, 9, and 0.1 Hz, and a fourth QPO that varied over the range 14-28 Hz. The 300 and 0.1 Hz QPOs appear only when the power-law component dominates the X-ray spectrum and the estimated unabsorbed X-ray luminosity is above ~ 0.2LEdd. At lower luminosity (LX ~ 0.1LEdd), the thermal component dominates the spectrum; the disk appears somewhat cooler (~1.3 keV), and its inner radius appears larger. In this state only two of the QPOs are observed: the broad and spectrally "soft" 9 Hz QPO and the narrow, "hard" QPO that varies from 14 to 28 Hz as the hard flux decreases. At still lower luminosities (LX < 0.1LEdd), the power-law component contributes less than 30% of the total luminosity, the inner disk appears both larger and cooler, the 9 Hz QPO vanishes, and only a very weak (rms 0.3%) and narrow QPO at 28 Hz remains. The 300 Hz QPO is likely to be analogous to the stationary QPO at 67 Hz seen in the microquasar GRS 1915+105. We discuss four models of these high-frequency QPOs that depend on effects due to general relativity. The models suggest that these rapid QPOs may eventually provide a measure of the mass and rotation of the accreting black hole. The 9 Hz QPO displays a spectrum consistent with a thermal origin, but this frequency is not uniquely consistent with any of the natural timescales associated with the disk. The mechanism for the 14-28 Hz QPOs appears to be linked to the power-law component, similar to the 1-10 Hz QPOs in GRS 1915+105. Thus these low-frequency QPOs have the potential to lead us to the origin of the energetic electrons that radiate the power-law spectral component. Finally, we show data for GRO J1655-40 and GRS 1915+105 as each source teeters between relative stability and a state of intense oscillations at 0.1 Hz. A comparison of the respective spectral parameters allows us to speculate that the black hole mass in GRS 1915+105 is very large, possibly ~100 M☉.
A Healthy Young Woman with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: an unfamiliar face of a familiar disease

The presented case features a rare manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis in a previously healthy young woman who had acute presentation of tuberculous pneumonia complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome. In developing countries, mycobacterium tuberculosis is an important cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). TB can present as an acute process and should be included in the differential diagnosis of CAP. This case is special in its manifestation from several clinical perspectives, including the lack of an underlying medical condition or immune defect and the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in non-miliary and non-disseminated tuberculosis. In conclusion, the diagnosis of TB should be considered in all patients who present with CAP in endemic regions.
Impact of ocean acidification and warming on the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis)

In order to assess the effects of ocean acidification and warming on the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), specimens were reared in aquarium tanks and exposed to elevated conditions of temperature (+3 °C) and acidity (-0.3 pH units) for a period of 10 months. The whole system comprised a factorial experimental design with 4 treatments (3 aquaria per treatment): control, lowered pH, elevated temperature and lowered pH/elevated temperature. Mortality was estimated on a weekly basis and every 2 months, various biometrical parameters and physiological processes were measured: somatic and shell growth, metabolic rates and body fluid acid-base parameters. Mussels were highly sensitive to warming, with 100 % mortality observed under elevated temperature at the end of our experiment in October. Mortality rates increased drastically in summer, when water temperature exceeded 25 °C. In contrast, our results suggest that survival of this species will not be affected by a pH decrease of ~0.3 in the Mediterranean Sea. Somatic and shell growth did not appear very sensitive to ocean acidification and warming during most of the experiment, but were reduced, after summer, in the lowered pH treatment. This was consistent with measured shell net dissolution and observed loss of periostracum, as well as uncompensated extracellular acidosis in the lowered pH treatment indicating a progressive insufficiency in acid-base regulation capacity. However, based on the present dataset, we cannot elucidate if these decreases in growth and regulation capacities after summer are a consequence of lower pH levels during that period or a consequence of a combined effect of acidification and warming. To summarize, while ocean acidification will potentially contribute to lower growth rates, especially in summer when mussels are exposed to sub-optimal conditions, ocean warming will likely pose more serious threats to Mediterranean mussels in this region in the coming decades.