Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting Facial Retouching Using Supervised Deep Learning

Digitally altering, or retouching, face images is a common practice for images on social media, photo sharing websites, and even identification cards when the standards are not strictly enforced. This research demonstrates the effect of digital alterations on the performance of automatic face recognition, and also introduces an algorithm to classify face images as original or retouched with high accuracy. We first introduce two face image databases with unaltered and retouched images. Face recognition experiments performed on these databases show that when a retouched image is matched with its original image or an unaltered gallery image, the identification performance is considerably degraded, with a drop in matching accuracy of up to 25%. However, when images are retouched with the same style, the matching accuracy can be misleadingly high in comparison with matching original images. To detect retouching in face images, a novel supervised deep Boltzmann machine algorithm is proposed. It uses facial parts to learn discriminative features to classify face images as original or retouched. The proposed approach for classifying images as original or retouched yields an accuracy of over 87% on the data sets introduced in this paper and over 99% on three other makeup data sets used by previous researchers. This is a substantial increase in accuracy over the previous state-of-the-art algorithm, which has shown <;50% accuracy in classifying original and retouched images from the ND-IIITD retouched faces database.
Statistical Dependency Analysis with Support Vector Machines

In this paper, we propose a method for analyzing word-word dependencies using deterministic bottom-up manner using Support Vector machines. We experimented with dependency trees converted from Penn treebank data, and achieved over 90% accuracy of word-word dependency. Though the result is little worse than the most up-to-date phrase structure based parsers, it looks satisfactorily accurate considering that our parser uses no information from phrase structures.
Twelve-Month Neurofunctional Assessment and Cognitive Performance at 36 Months of Age in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to investigate whether an early neurofunctional assessment (at 12 months’ corrected age) is predictive of cognitive outcome at 36 months of age in extremely low birth weight infants. METHODS. We conducted an observational longitudinal study. Neurodevelopmental outcome by means of a neurofunctional assessment was evaluated at 12 months’ corrected age and 36 months’ chronological age in 141 extremely low birth weight children. Cognitive outcome was assessed with use of the Griffiths Mental Developmental Scale. RESULTS. A significant association was found between the 12-month neurofunctional status and cognitive performance at 36 months. A higher general quotient on the Griffiths Mental Developmental Scale at 36 months was observed in infants who exhibited normal (score: ≤1) neurodevelopment compared with children who exhibited minor (score: 2) and major (score: ≥3) dysfunctions at the 12-month neurofunctional evaluation (99 ± 6.8 vs 85.3 ± 16.3 vs 57.3 ± 22.0). A score of ≥2 at the 12-month neurofunctional assessment, abnormal brain MRI results at term, and chronic lung disease remained predictive of cognitive delay at 36 months of age and also after adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSIONS. The 12-month neurofunctional evaluation may be an additional useful clinical tool in predicting later cognitive outcome in extremely low birth weight children.
Participation, the Internet, and Local Governance: A Review of Philippine Local Government Websites

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS in public management are introducing profound changes to contemporary local government administration. Performance management, clientorientedness, competition and choice have become norms following new public management approaches. Democratization, decentralization and people participation are forcing a reconceptualization of local government administration into local governance. Traditional, hierarchical and top-down processes are giving way to decentralized and participatory mechanisms (Meyer, 2000). Local governments are becoming more open to partnerships and to greater participation of citizens and people’s organizations.
PERTURBATION THEORY OF THE COSMOLOGICAL LOG-DENSITY FIELD

The matter density field exhibits a nearly lognormal probability density distribution after entering into the nonlinear regime. Recently, it has been shown that the shape of the power spectrum of a logarithmically transformed density field is very close to the linear density power spectrum, motivating an analytic study of it. In this paper, we develop cosmological perturbation theory for the power spectrum of this field. Our formalism is developed in the context of renormalized perturbation theory, which helps to regulate the convergence behavior of the perturbation series, and of the Taylor series expansion we use for the logarithmic mapping. This approach allows us to handle the critical issue of density smoothing in a straightforward way. We also compare our perturbative results with simulation measurements.
Method for designing multi-channel RNS architectures to prevent power analysis SCA

Power analysis attacks are one of the most common Side-Channel Attacks (SCAs), proven to be extremely successful even on protected embedded devices. This paper proposes the use of a Residue Number System (RNS) architecture with randomly permuted moduli sets to implement the Double-and-Add computation, which is proven as the most susceptible operation in Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC). The proposed solution randomly permutes the moduli sets, allowing randomized power traces, significantly removing the correlation between the power dissipation and the secret key and eliminating the need for the intermediate conversion to binary required in the state-of-the-art. Architectures obtained for a 90nm standard cell technology suggest that a significant power analysis resistance is achieved for the Double-and-Add circuitry, incurring an extra performance cost of 3 times compared to the related state-of-the-art.
Revealing infant communicative competencies. Early Social Communication Scale as an example of the measurement instrument

The aim of the present analysis is to describe the developmental trajectory of the in- fant and toddler communicative competencies. Turn-taking, gaze-following, joint attention and pointing gestures are the most important expressions of these competencies that could be mea- sured by the Early Social Communication Scale (ESCS Mundy et al., 2003). We present the re- sults of a research conducted with 358 one-year old children and obtained through the Polish ver- sion of this scale (ESCS). The validity and reliability of the Polish version of ESCS proved to be satisfactory. The obtained results were analyzed emphasizing the role of early communicative competencies in the further social, linguistic and cognitive development of a child and indicat- ing the domain of psychological practice where ESCS could be implemented.
Amplitudes and latencies of single-trial ERP's estimated by a maximum-likelihood method

The common approach in research on event-related electroencephalogram (EEG) potentials is to assume that the trigger-related signal is always the same and can be extracted from EEG background activity by simple averaging. To check the validity of this approach and to provide more exact results, latencies and amplitudes of components have to be estimated in single trials. D.T. Pham et al. (Biometrika, vol. 74, p. 525-33, 1987) applied a maximum-likelihood approach to solve the more general model which assumes that the signal hidden in EEG background activity has the same shape and amplitude but may vary in its latency from trial to trial. Extending their method the authors present a solution in which amplitude variability is also allowed. The utility of the solution to estimate the P3 component in single trials was investigated both by extensive pseudoreal simulations and in an application to real data. The simulations showed some advantage of the method over two other methods (Woody's method and peak-picking) commonly used in event-related potentials research. Application to real data provided a plausible description of single-trial sequential effects on the amplitude of the P3 component.
Age Is a Critical Risk Factor for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome

Background Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease in East Asia. SFTS is a tick borne hemorrhagic fever caused by SFTSV, a new bunyavirus named after the syndrome. We investigated the epidemiology of SFTS in Laizhou County, Shandong Province, China. Methods We collected serum specimens of all patients who were clinically diagnosed as suspected SFTS cases in 2010 and 2011 in Laizhou County. The patients' serum specimens were tested for SFTSV by real time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). We collected 1,060 serum specimens from healthy human volunteers by random sampling in Laizhou County in 2011. Healthy persons' serum specimens were tested for specific SFTSV IgG antibody by ELISA. Results 71 SFTS cases were diagnosed in Laizhou County in 2010 and 2011, which resulted in the incidence rate of 4.1/100,000 annually. The patients ranged from 15 years old to 87 years old and the median age of the patients were 59 years old. The incidence rate of SFTS was significantly higher in patients over 40 years old and fatal cases only occurred in patients over 50 years old. 3.3% (35/1,060) of healthy people were positive to SFTSV IgG antibody. The SFTSV antibody positive rate was not significantly different among people at different age groups. Conclusion Our results revealed that seroprevalence of SFTSV in healthy people in Laizhou County was not significantly different among age groups, but SFTS patients were mainly elderly people, suggesting that age is the critical risk factor or determinant for SFTS morbidity and mortality.
Video Game Use and Cognitive Performance: Does It Vary with the Presence of Problematic Video Game Use?

Action video game players have been found to outperform nonplayers on a variety of cognitive tasks. However, several failures to replicate these video game player advantages have indicated that this relationship may not be straightforward. Moreover, despite the discovery that problematic video game players do not appear to demonstrate the same superior performance as nonproblematic video game players in relation to multiple object tracking paradigms, this has not been investigated for other tasks. Consequently, this study compared gamers and nongamers in task switching ability, visual short-term memory, mental rotation, enumeration, and flanker interference, as well as investigated the influence of self-reported problematic video game use. A total of 66 participants completed the experiment, 26 of whom played action video games, including 20 problematic players. The results revealed no significant effect of playing action video games, nor any influence of problematic video game play. This indicates that the previously reported cognitive advantages in video game players may be restricted to specific task features or samples. Furthermore, problematic video game play may not have a detrimental effect on cognitive performance, although this is difficult to ascertain considering the lack of video game player advantage. More research is therefore sorely needed.
Modulation of the JNK Pathway in Liver Affects Insulin Resistance Status*

The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway is known to be activated under diabetic conditions and to possibly be involved in the progression of insulin resistance. In this study, we examined the effects of modulation of the JNK pathway in liver on insulin resistance and glucose tolerance. Overexpression of dominant-negative type JNK in the liver of obese diabetic mice dramatically improved insulin resistance and markedly decreased blood glucose levels. Conversely, expression of wild type JNK in the liver of normal mice decreased insulin sensitivity. The phosphorylation state of crucial molecules for insulin signaling was altered upon modification of the JNK pathway. Furthermore, suppression of the JNK pathway resulted in a dramatic decrease in the expression levels of the key gluconeogenic enzymes, and endogenous hepatic glucose production was also greatly reduced. Similar effects were observed in high fat, high sucrose diet-induced diabetic mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that suppression of the JNK pathway in liver exerts greatly beneficial effects on insulin resistance status and glucose tolerance in both genetic and dietary models of diabetes.
Indoor MIMO Measurements Using Polarization at the Mobile

Indoor multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) channel measurements undertaken with spatially separated dipoles are compared with crossed dipoles at 2.4 GHz. This essentially analyses how polarization can be exploited at the mobile using practical antennas where polarization diversity is an inherent feature within an angular diversity system. Results are encouragingly comparable between the two scenarios in terms of capacity and diversity order, which indicates that polarization could be exploited within an angular based MIMO antennas that are more compact than spatially separated antennas.
Alienation and Freedom

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Trends in Labour Supply and Economic Growth

We study long-run changes in aggregate labour supply and shifts in employment across economic sectors within the context of balanced aggregate growth. We show that a model of many goods and uneven TFP growth in market and home production can rationalize balanced growth with a falling or U-shaped aggregate labour supply, structural change within market sectors and constant share of leisure time. The dynamics of labour supply are driven by substitutions between home and market production and depend critically on the existence of many market sectors. Conversely, the existence of home production improves the performance of predictions about structural change.
The impact of geographic unit of analysis on socioeconomic inequalities in cancer survival and distant summary stage – a population‐based study

Objective: When using area‐level disadvantage measures, size of geographic unit can have major effects on recorded socioeconomic cancer disparities. This study examined the extent of changes in recorded socioeconomic inequalities in cancer survival and distant stage when the measure of socioeconomic disadvantage was based on smaller Census Collection Districts (CDs) instead of Statistical Local Areas (SLAs).
Is Cloned Code More Stable than Non-cloned Code?

This paper presents a study on the stability of cloned code. The results from an analysis of 200 weeks of evolution of five software system show that the stability as measured by changes to the system is dominated by the deletion of code clones. It can also be observed that additions to a systems are more often additions to non-cloned code than additions to cloned code. If the dominating factor of deletions is eliminated, it can generally be concluded that cloned code is more stable than non-cloned code.
Toxicant Induced Changes on Delayed Fluorescence Decay Kinetics of Cyanobacteria and Green Algae: A Rapid and Sensitive Biotest

Algal tests have developed into routine tools for testing toxicity of pollutants in aquatic environments. Meanwhile, in addition to algal growth rates, an increasing number of fluorescence based methods are used for rapid and sensitive toxicity measures. The present study stresses the suitability of delayed fluorescence (DF) as a promising parameter for biotests. DF is based on the recombination fluorescence at the reaction centre of photosystem II, which is emitted only by photosynthetically active cells. We analyzed the effects of three chemicals (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), 3,5 Dichlorophenol (3,5 DCP) and copper) on the shape of the DF decay kinetics for potential use in phytoplankton toxicity tests. The short incubation tests were done with four phytoplankton species, with special emphasis on the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. All species exhibited a high sensitivity to DCMU, but cyanobacteria were more affected by copper and less by 3,5 DCP than the tested green algae. Analyses of changes in the DF decay curve in response to the added chemicals indicated the feasibility of the DF decay approach as a rapid and sensitive testing tool.
Sensitivity of Intraspecific Latitudinal Clines of Body Size for Tetrapods to Sampling, Latitude and Body Size1

Abstract Recent studies have shown that most tetrapod groups (mammals, birds, chelonians, amphibians) show general intraspecific tendencies for increasing body size with latitude, whereas squamates (lizards and snakes) show an intraspecific tendency towards decreasing body size with latitude. Here I evaluate whether these size trends are general by using independent contrasts analysis to investigate the dependence of intraspecific size-latitude relationships (r), and the magnitude alone of size-latitude relationships ([r]), for tetrapod vertebrates, on sample size, range of latitudes sampled, average latitude sampled, and body size. Range of latitudes sampled, average latitude sampled, and body size did not influence body size-latitude relationships (r) or the magnitude alone of body size-latitude relationship ([r]). Sample size did not influence size-latitude relationships (r), but did influence the magnitude alone of size-latitude relationships ([r]), possibly indicating increased precision of estimating size-latitude relationships with increased sampling. In short, intraspecific size-latitude relationships are similar for species of different sizes, occurring at different latitudes, sampled over different latitudinal ranges, and differing in number of populations sampled (though magnitude alone is influenced by sample size). These results suggest that intraspecific size-latitude trends are general, and biologically significant (i.e., are not artifacts of sampling), thus deserving explanation.
Drawing on Wilcock: An Investigation of the Impact of Her Published Work on Occupational Therapy Practice and Research

Introduction: Ann Wilcock's published work identifies the fundamental importance of occupation in promoting health, wellbeing and even survival. Despite the implications for occupational therapy, the impact of her work has not been comprehensively explored. This research investigated how her ideas were used in published research from 1993 to 2007. Method and findings: Mixed methods obtained two sets of data. First, qualitative data from a textual analysis of Wilcock's published work were analysed and used to create a glossary and a conceptual framework of her ideas. Secondly, content analysis of 48 research papers yielded 121 citations, which were coded into categories. The findings indicated that her ideas did not appear to be embraced fully by other authors and were sometimes applied superficially. Discussion: The conceptual framework was refined and finalised, to demonstrate how Wilcock's ideas are interrelated. It is presented as a means of developing an accessible occupational perspective for research and practice.
Of Hummingbirds and Helicopters: Hovering Costs, Competitive Ability, and Foraging Strategies

Wing morphology and flight kinematics profoundly influence foraging costs and the overall behavioral ecology of hummingbirds. By analogy with helicopters, previous energetic studies have applied the momentum theory of aircraft propellers to estimate hovering costs from wing disc loading (WDL), a parameter incorporating wingspan (or length) and body mass. Variation in WDL has been used to elucidate differences either among hummingbird species in nectar‐foraging strategies (e.g., territoriality, traplining) and dominance relations or among gender‐age categories within species. We first demonstrate that WDL, as typically calculated, is an unreliable predictor of hovering (induced power) costs; predictive power is increased when calculations use wing length instead of wingspan and when actual wing stroke amplitudes are incorporated. We next evaluate the hypotheses that foraging strategy and competitive ability are functions of WDL, using our data in combination with those of published sources. Variation in hummingbird behavior cannot be easily classified using WDL and instead is correlated with a diversity of morphological and physiological traits. Evaluating selection pressures on hummingbird wings will require moving beyond wing and body mass measurements to include the assessment of the aerodynamic forces, power requirements, and power reserves of hovering, forward flight, and maneuvering. However, the WDL–helicopter dynamics model has been instrumental in calling attention to the importance of comparative wing morphology and related aerodynamics for understanding the behavioral ecology of hummingbirds.