Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treatment Outcomes from 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT–Informed Salvage Radiation Treatment in Men with Rising PSA After Radical Prostatectomy: Prognostic Value of a Negative PSMA PET

68Ga-PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen) PET/CT is increasingly used in men with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure after radical prostatectomy (RP) to triage those who will benefit from salvage radiation treatment (SRT). This study examines the value of PSMA-informed SRT in improving treatment outcomes in the context of biochemical failure after RP. Methods: We analyzed men with rising PSA after RP with PSA readings between 0.05 and 1.0 ng/mL, considered eligible for SRT at the time of PSMA. For each patient, clinical and pathologic features as well as scan results, including site of PSMA-positive disease, number of lesions, and a certainty score, were documented. Subsequent management, including SRT, and most recent PSA were recorded using medical records. Treatment response was defined as both PSA ≤ 0.1 ng/mL and >50% reduction in PSA. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for association of clinical variables and treatment response to SRT. Results: One hundred sixty-four men were included. PSMA was positive in 62% (n = 102/164): 38 of 102 in the prostatic fossa, 41 of 102 in pelvic nodes, and 23 of 102 distantly. Twenty-four patients received androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) and were excluded for outcomes analysis. In total, 99 of 146 received SRT with a median follow-up after radiation treatment of 10.5 mo (interquartile range, 6–14 mo). Overall treatment response after SRT was 72% (n = 71/99). Forty-five percent (n = 27/60) of patients with a negative PSMA underwent SRT whereas 55% (33/60) did not. In men with a negative PSMA who received SRT, 85% (n = 23/27) demonstrated a treatment response, compared with a further PSA increase in 65% (22/34) in those not treated. In 36 of 99 patients with disease confined to the prostate fossa on PSMA, 81% (n = 29/36) responded to SRT. In total, 26 of 99 men had nodal disease on PSMA, of whom 61% (n = 16/26) had treatment response after SRT. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, PSMA and serum PSA significantly correlated with treatment response, whereas pT stage, Gleason score, and surgical margin status did not. Conclusion: PSMA PET is independently predictive of treatment response to SRT and stratifies men into a high treatment response to SRT (negative or fossa-confined PSMA) versus men with poor response to SRT (nodes or distant-disease PSMA). In particular, a negative PSMA PET result predicts a high response to salvage fossa radiotherapy.
Chondrogenic Priming at Reduced Cell Density Enhances Cartilage Adhesion of Equine Allogeneic MSCs - a Loading Sensitive Phenomenon in an Organ Culture Study with 180 Explants

Background: Clinical results of regenerative treatments for osteoarthritis are becoming increasingly significant. However, several questions remain unanswered concerning mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adhesion and incorporation into cartilage. Methods: To this end, peripheral blood (PB) MSCs were chondrogenically induced and/or stimulated with pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) for a brief period of time just sufficient to prime differentiation. In an organ culture study, PKH26 labelled MSCs were added at two different cell densities (0.5 x106 vs 1.0 x106). In total, 180 explants of six horses (30 per horse) were divided into five groups: no lesion (i), lesion alone (ii), lesion with naïve MSCs (iii), lesion with chondrogenically-induced MSCs (iv) and lesion with chondrogenically-induced and PEMF-stimulated MSCs (v). Half of the explants were mechanically loaded and compared with the unloaded equivalents. Within each circumstance, six explants were histologically evaluated at different time points (day 1, 5 and 14). Results: COMP expression was selectively increased by chondrogenic induction (p = 0.0488). PEMF stimulation (1mT for 10 minutes) further augmented COL II expression over induced values (p = 0.0405). On the other hand, MSC markers remained constant over time after induction, indicating a largely predifferentiated state. In the unloaded group, MSCs adhered to the surface in 92.6% of the explants and penetrated into 40.7% of the lesions. On the other hand, physiological loading significantly reduced surface adherence (1.9%) and lesion filling (3.7%) in all the different conditions (p < 0.0001). Remarkably, homogenous cell distribution was characteristic for chondrogenic induced MSCs (+/- PEMFs), whereas clump formation occurred in 39% of uninduced MSC treated cartilage explants. Finally, unloaded explants seeded with a moderately low density of MSCs exhibited greater lesion filling (p = 0.0022) and surface adherence (p = 0.0161) than explants seeded with higher densities of MSCs. In all cases, the overall amount of lesion filling decreased from day 5 to 14 (p = 0.0156). Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that primed chondrogenic induction of MSCs at a lower cell density without loading results in significantly enhanced and homogenous MSC adhesion and incorporation into equine cartilage.
Catching the Drift: Probabilistic Content Models, with Applications to Generation and Summarization

We consider the problem of modeling the content structure of texts within a specic domain, in terms of the topics the texts address and the order in which these topics appear. We rst present an effective knowledge-lean method for learning content models from unannotated documents, utilizing a novel adaptation of algorithms for Hidden Markov Models. We then apply our method to two complementary tasks: information ordering and extractive summarization. Our experiments show that incorporating content models in these applications yields substantial improvement over previously-proposed methods.
[Diagnostic value of quantitative cultures of endotracheal aspirate in ventilator-associated pneumonia: a multicenter study].

OBJECTIVE To study the validity of quantitative cultures of tracheal aspirate (TA) in comparison with the plugged telescoping catheter (PTC) for the diagnosis of mechanical ventilator-associated pneumonia. METHOD Prospective multicenter study enrolling patients undergoing mechanical ventilation for longer than 72 hours. TA samples were collected from patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia, followed by PTC sampling. Quantitative cultures were performed on all samples. Patients were classified according to the presence or not of pneumonia, based on clinical and radiologic criteria, clinical course and autopsy findings. The cutoff points were > or = 103 colony-forming units (cfu)/mL for PTC cultures; the TA cutoffs analyzed were > or = 105 and > or = 106 cfu/mL. RESULTS Of the 120 patients studied, 84 had diagnoses of pneumonia and 36 did not (controls). The sensitivity values for TA > or = 106, TA > or = 105, and PTC, respectively, were 54% (95% confidence interval [CI], 42%-64%), 71% (95% CI, 60%-81%), and 68% (95% CI, 57%-78%). The specificity values were 75% (95% CI, 58%-88%), 58% (95% CI, 41%-74%), and 75% (95% CI, 58%-88%), respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was the microorganism most frequently isolated in both TA and PTC samples, followed in frequency by Pseudomomonas aeruginosa in TA samples and Haemophilus influenzae in PTC samples. No significant differences were found between the sensitivity of TA > or = 105 and that of PTC, nor between the specificities of TA > or = 106 and PTC. CONCLUSIONS No differences in the specificities of PTC and TA were found when a TA cutoff of > or = 106 cfu/ml was used. Moreover, at a cutoff of > or = 105 the sensitivity of TA was not statistically different from that of PTC. Quantitative cultures of TA can be considered acceptable for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Evidence of a Misaligned Secondary Bar in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Evidence of a misaligned secondary bar, within the primary bar of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), is presented. The density distribution and the dereddened mean magnitudes (I0) of the red clump stars in the bar obtained from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment II data are used for this study. The bar region that predominantly showed a wavy pattern in the line of sight in a recent paper by Subramaniam was located. These points in the X-Z plane delineate an S-shaped pattern, clearly indicating a misaligned bar. This feature is statistically significant and does not depend on the considered value of I0 for the LMC center. The rest of the bar region was not found to show the warp or the wavy pattern. The secondary bar is found to be considerably elongated in the Z-direction, with an inclination of 66. °5 ± 0. °9, whereas the undisturbed part of the primary bar is found to have an inclination of 15. °1 ± 2. °7, such that the eastern sides are closer to us with respect to the western sides of both the bars. The P.A. maj of the secondary bar is found to be 108. °4 ± 7. °3. The streaming motions found in the H I velocity map close to the LMC center could be caused by the secondary bar. The recent star formation and the gas distribution in LMC could be driven by the misaligned secondary bar.
PROMPT Ia SUPERNOVAE ARE SIGNIFICANTLY DELAYED

The time delay between the formation of a population of stars and the onset of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) sets important limits on the masses and nature of SN Ia progenitors. Here, we use a new observational technique to measure this time delay by comparing the spatial distributions of SNe Ia to their local environments. Previous work attempted such analyses encompassing the entire host of each SN Ia, yielding inconclusive results. Our approach confines the analysis only to the relevant portions of the hosts, allowing us to show that even so-called prompt SNe Ia that trace star formation on cosmic timescales exhibit a significant delay time of 200–500 million years. This implies that either the majority of Ia companion stars have main-sequence masses less than 3 M☉, or that most SNe Ia arise from double white dwarf binaries. Our results are also consistent with a SNe Ia rate that traces the white dwarf formation rate, scaled by a fixed efficiency factor.
Toxicokinetics of 2,4- and 2,6-toluenediamine in hydrolysed urine and plasma after occupational exposure to 2,4- and 2,6- toluene diisocyanate.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the toxicokinetics of 2,4- and 2,6- toluenediisocyanate (TDI) in chronically exposed subjects. METHODS: Blood and urine, from 11 workers at two flexible foam polyurethane production plants, were sampled. By gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diamine (TDA) were measured as pentafluoropropionic anhydride (PFPA) derivatives after acidic hydrolysis of plasma (P-TDA, ng/ml) and urine (U-TDA, microgram/h). RESULTS: In one of the plants the P-2,4-TDA concentrations were 0.4-1 ng/ml before a four to five week holiday and 0.2-0.5 ng/ml afterwards. The corresponding values for P-2,6-TDA were 2-6 and 0.5-2 ng/ml respectively. In the other plant the P-2,4-TDA concentrations were 2-23 ng/ml before the holiday and 0.5-6 ng/ml afterwards and the P-2,6-TDA concentrations were 7-24 ng/ml before and 3-6 ng/ml afterwards. The P-2,4-TDA concentrations were 2-24 ng/ml before a 12 day holiday, and 1-14 ng/ml afterwards. The corresponding values for P-2,6-TDA were 12-29 and 8-17 ng/ml, respectively. The urinary elimination rates (U-TDA, microgram/h) for 2,4-TDA before the holiday were 0.04-0.54 and 0.02-0.18 microgram/h afterwards. The corresponding values for 2,6-TDA were 0.18-0.76 microgram/h before and 0.09-0.27 microgram/h after the holiday. The half life in urine ranged between 5.8 and 11 days for 2,4- and 2,6-TDA. The differences in exposure were reflected by the P-TDA concentrations. The mean half life in plasma was 21 (range 14-34) days for 2,4-TDA and 21 (16-26) days for 2,6-TDA. The TDI air concentrations varied between 0.4 and 4 micrograms/m3 in one plant and in the other between 10 and 120 micrograms/m3. CONCLUSIONS: The half life in plasma of chronically exposed workers for 2,4-and 2,6-TDA was twice as long as for volunteers with short term exposure. An indication of a two phase elimination pattern in urine was found. The first phase was related to the more recent exposure and the second, much slower one was probably related to release of TDA in urine from TDI adducts in the body.
CAN GREY CRESCENT PREVENT MACULAR DETACHMENT IN CASE OF OPTIC DISC PIT? A CASE REPORT AND HYPOTHESIS

We here describe a case with bilateral optic disc pit and bilateral assymetrical grey crescent, its ocular coherence tomography findings and the associated unilateral maculopathy in the eye with incomplete crescent.The interesting observation is that the eye in which the grey crescent encompassed the optic pit did not have any maculopathy in contrast to the other eye which had macular retinoschisis and macular retinal detachment with smallar grey crescent not encompassing the pit.Presence of grey crescents around the optic disc pits may prevent the occurance of associated maculopathy, similar to the intrenal temponade and laser done to treat the maculopathy. Key Words: Bilateral optic disc pit, Grey crescent, Maculopathy, Retinoschisis Key Messages: The presence of grey crescent may be protective in cases of optic disc pits, provided it encompasses the temporal perimeter of the optic disc pit.
Interactive training of advanced classifiers for mining remote sensing image archives

Advances in satellite technology and availability of downloaded images constantly increase the sizes of remote sensing image archives. Automatic content extraction, classification and content-based retrieval have become highly desired goals for the development of intelligent remote sensing databases. The common approach for mining these databases uses rules created by analysts. However, incorporating GIS information and human expert knowledge with digital image processing improves remote sensing image analysis. We developed a system that uses decision tree classifiers for interactive learning of land cover models and mining of image archives. Decision trees provide a promising solution for this problem because they can operate on both numerical (continuous) and categorical (discrete) data sources, and they do not require any assumptions about neither the distributions nor the independence of attribute values. This is especially important for the fusion of measurements from different sources like spectral data, DEM data and other ancillary GIS data. Furthermore, using surrogate splits provides the capability of dealing with missing data during both training and classification, and enables handling instrument malfunctions or the cases where one or more measurements do not exist for some locations. Quantitative and qualitative performance evaluation showed that decision trees provide powerful tools for modeling both pixel and region contents of images and mining of remote sensing image archives.
Insight into Microevolution of Yersinia pestis by Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats

Background Yersinia pestis, the pathogen of plague, has greatly influenced human history on a global scale. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR), an element participating in immunity against phages' invasion, is composed of short repeated sequences separated by unique spacers and provides the basis of the spoligotyping technology. In the present research, three CRISPR loci were analyzed in 125 strains of Y. pestis from 26 natural plague foci of China, the former Soviet Union and Mongolia were analyzed, for validating CRISPR-based genotyping method and better understanding adaptive microevolution of Y. pestis. Methodology/Principal Findings Using PCR amplification, sequencing and online data processing, a high degree of genetic diversity was revealed in all three CRISPR elements. The distribution of spacers and their arrays in Y. pestis strains is strongly region and focus-specific, allowing the construction of a hypothetic evolutionary model of Y. pestis. This model suggests transmission route of microtus strains that encircled Takla Makan Desert and ZhunGer Basin. Starting from Tadjikistan, one branch passed through the Kunlun Mountains, and moved to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Another branch went north via the Pamirs Plateau, the Tianshan Mountains, the Altai Mountains and the Inner Mongolian Plateau. Other Y. pestis lineages might be originated from certain areas along those routes. Conclusions/significance CRISPR can provide important information for genotyping and evolutionary research of bacteria, which will help to trace the source of outbreaks. The resulting data will make possible the development of very low cost and high-resolution assays for the systematic typing of any new isolate.
Hypoxia inducible microRNA 210 attenuates keratinocyte proliferation and impairs closure in a murine model of ischemic wounds

Ischemia complicates wound closure. Here, we are unique in presenting a murine ischemic wound model that is based on bipedicle flap approach. Using this model of ischemic wounds we have sought to elucidate how microRNAs may be implicated in limiting wound re-epithelialization under hypoxia, a major component of ischemia. Ischemia, evaluated by laser Doppler as well as hyperspectral imaging, limited blood flow and lowered tissue oxygen saturation. EPR oximetry demonstrated that the ischemic wound tissue had pO2 <10 mm Hg. Ischemic wounds suffered from compromised macrophage recruitment and delayed wound epithelialization. Specifically, epithelial proliferation, as determined by Ki67 staining, was compromised. In vivo imaging showed massive hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) stabilization in ischemic wounds, where HIF-1α induced miR-210 expression that, in turn, silenced its target E2F3, which was markedly down-regulated in the wound-edge tissue of ischemic wounds. E2F3 was recognized as a key facilitator of cell proliferation. In keratinocytes, knock-down of E2F3 limited cell proliferation. Forced stabilization of HIF-1α using Ad-VP16- HIF-1α under normoxic conditions up-regulated miR-210 expression, down-regulated E2F3, and limited cell proliferation. Studies using cellular delivery of miR-210 antagomir and mimic demonstrated a key role of miR-210 in limiting keratinocyte proliferation. In summary, these results are unique in presenting evidence demonstrating that the hypoxia component of ischemia may limit wound re-epithelialization by stabilizing HIF-1α, which induces miR-210 expression, resulting in the down-regulation of the cell-cycle regulatory protein E2F3.
Urinary Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Identifies Chronic Renal Injury in Hypertensive Patients

Mitochondrial injury contributes to renal dysfunction in several models of renal disease, but its involvement in human hypertension remains unknown. Fragments of the mitochondrial genome released from dying cells are considered surrogate markers of mitochondrial injury. We hypothesized that hypertension would be associated with increased urine mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers. We prospectively measured systemic and urinary copy number of the mtDNA genes cytochrome-c oxidase-3 and NADH dehydrogenase subunit-1 by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in essential (n=25) and renovascular (RVH, n=34) hypertensive patients and compared them with healthy volunteers (n=22). Urinary kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin served as indices of renal injury. Renal blood flow and oxygenation were assessed by multidetector computed tomography and blood oxygen level–dependent magnetic resonance imaging. Blood pressure, urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and kidney injury molecule-1 were similarly elevated in essential hypertension and RVH, and estimated glomerular filtration rate was lower in RVH versus healthy volunteers and essential hypertension. Renal blood flow was lower in RVH compared with essential hypertension. Urinary mtDNA copy number was higher in hypertension compared with healthy volunteers, directly correlated with urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1 and inversely with estimated glomerular filtration rate. In RVH, urinary mtDNA copy number correlated directly with intrarenal hypoxia. Furthermore, in an additional validation cohort, urinary mtDNA copy number was higher in RVH compared with healthy volunteers (n=10 each). The change in serum creatinine levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate 3 months after medical therapy without or with revascularization correlated with the change in urinary mtDNA. Therefore, elevated urinary mtDNA copy numbers in hypertensive patients correlated with markers of renal injury and dysfunction, implicating mitochondrial injury in kidney damage in human hypertension.
First person shooters: can a smarter network save bandwidth without annoying the players?

Real-time services are very challenging for current network infrastructures. One of these services is online gaming, which has acquired more importance in the last years. The quality experienced by users could be improved by the use of a smarter network, which includes some proxies near the players in order to transfer intelligence from the game server to network borders. Proxies have been largely used for other services, such as web browsing and VoIP. First Person Shooters are a popular genre of online games that generate high rates of small packets. This issue becomes important in some scenarios where many flows of a game share the same path, as would happen between a proxy and the central server of a game. These flows could be multiplexed to improve efficiency by reducing packet overhead, thus allowing a bigger number of players to share the same link. A method named Tunneling, Compressing, and Multiplexing (TCM) has been proposed to multiplex these flows. In this article, this method has been tested using the traffic of eight popular First Person Shooters. The method has shown its ability to achieve bandwidth savings of about 30 percent for IPv4 and above 50 percent for IPv6 for all the games. The added delay and jitter are small enough to not annoy players.
Multichannel Convolutional Neural Network for Biological Relation Extraction

The plethora of biomedical relations which are embedded in medical logs (records) demands researchers' attention. Previous theoretical and practical focuses were restricted on traditional machine learning techniques. However, these methods are susceptible to the issues of “vocabulary gap” and data sparseness and the unattainable automation process in feature extraction. To address aforementioned issues, in this work, we propose a multichannel convolutional neural network (MCCNN) for automated biomedical relation extraction. The proposed model has the following two contributions: (1) it enables the fusion of multiple (e.g., five) versions in word embeddings; (2) the need for manual feature engineering can be obviated by automated feature learning with convolutional neural network (CNN). We evaluated our model on two biomedical relation extraction tasks: drug-drug interaction (DDI) extraction and protein-protein interaction (PPI) extraction. For DDI task, our system achieved an overall f-score of 70.2% compared to the standard linear SVM based system (e.g., 67.0%) on DDIExtraction 2013 challenge dataset. And for PPI task, we evaluated our system on Aimed and BioInfer PPI corpus; our system exceeded the state-of-art ensemble SVM system by 2.7% and 5.6% on f-scores.