Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Critical Study of Supervised Learning Techniques in Predicting Attacks

ABSTRACT This paper presents a study about the use of some supervised learning techniques to predict intrusions. The aim of the research is to analyze the performances of such techniques to determine which one best addresses the intrusion detection problem. The performances of six machine learning algorithms involving C4.5, ID3, Classification and Regression Tree (CART), Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR), Bayesian Networks (BN), and CN2 rule-based algorithm are investigated. The “boosting-arcing” concept was used to obtain a better prediction model while executing a machine learning method. KDD'99 data sets were used to evaluate the considered algorithms. For these evaluations, three cases were considered: the whole attacks case, the five behaviors classes' case, and the two behaviors classes' case. The performances of each technique were compared, and simulations showed that our approach is very competitive with some previous works.
High-Throughput Sequencing of mGluR Signaling Pathway Genes Reveals Enrichment of Rare Variants in Autism

Identification of common molecular pathways affected by genetic variation in autism is important for understanding disease pathogenesis and devising effective therapies. Here, we test the hypothesis that rare genetic variation in the metabotropic glutamate-receptor (mGluR) signaling pathway contributes to autism susceptibility. Single-nucleotide variants in genes encoding components of the mGluR signaling pathway were identified by high-throughput multiplex sequencing of pooled samples from 290 non-syndromic autism cases and 300 ethnically matched controls on two independent next-generation platforms. This analysis revealed significant enrichment of rare functional variants in the mGluR pathway in autism cases. Higher burdens of rare, potentially deleterious variants were identified in autism cases for three pathway genes previously implicated in syndromic autism spectrum disorder, TSC1, TSC2, and SHANK3, suggesting that genetic variation in these genes also contributes to risk for non-syndromic autism. In addition, our analysis identified HOMER1, which encodes a postsynaptic density-localized scaffolding protein that interacts with Shank3 to regulate mGluR activity, as a novel autism-risk gene. Rare, potentially deleterious HOMER1 variants identified uniquely in the autism population affected functionally important protein regions or regulatory sequences and co-segregated closely with autism among children of affected families. We also identified rare ASD-associated coding variants predicted to have damaging effects on components of the Ras/MAPK cascade. Collectively, these findings suggest that altered signaling downstream of mGluRs contributes to the pathogenesis of non-syndromic autism.
Towards a finite-state network for Northern Sotho deverbative nouns: the morphotactic rules

In order to build a lexical transducer which can alternately generate grammatical forms and analyse the constituent parts of grammatical forms, the linguist has to provide the computer specialist with all the grammar rules relevant to a specific word category. These grammar rules are then transformed into morphotactic and alternation rules which would enable the lexical transducer to perform the functions of analysis and generation. In this article, morphotactic rules which would enable a lexical transducer to analyse Northern Sotho deverbative nouns are formulated. Descriptions in three major Northern Sotho grammars are scrutinised and compared to deverbative nouns from the Comprehensive Northern Sotho Dictionary, in order to establish whether the information contained in these grammars is adequate for the purposes of the lexical transducer. In instances where the Northern Sotho grammars provide inadequate information, revised rules are proposed by the author.
The role of flow cytometry-detected IgG and IgM anti-donor antibodies in cardiac allograft recipients.

BACKGROUND At our transplant center, cardiac allograft recipients undergo transplantation following a negative IgG anti-human globulin (AHG) crossmatch (XM). Flow cytometry crossmatching (FCXM) is a more sensitive XM procedure than the AHG XM procedure, yet there is limited information regarding the clinical relevance of FCXM to cardiac allograft outcome. METHODS FCXM was performed retrospectively using the pretransplant sera from 140 recipients of primary cardiac allografts who underwent transplantation after AHG-IgG-NEG XM. The FCXM results were correlated to posttransplant rejection and patient survival. RESULTS All of the patients were auto-XM-NEG. Twenty-two of 140 patients (16%) displayed IgG(+) FCXM and had a significantly poorer 1-year survival rate than did 57 of the FCXM-NEG recipients (68% vs. 86%, P<0.02). Moreover, 50% of the IgG(+) FCXM recipients experienced early rejections (< or =14 days postoperatively) compared with only 16% for the FCXM-NEG recipients (P<0.01). The survival rate of 92% for IgM(+) FCXM recipients (n=37) was significantly improved compared with the 86% survival rate for FCXM-NEG control recipients (P<0.05), suggesting a protective role for IgM. Consistent with this interpretation is that the 1-year survival rate of 79% for the IgG, IgM FCXM(+) recipients (n=24) was significantly better than the 68% survival rate for the IgG(+) FCXM recipients (P<0.02). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that IgG(+) FCXM identifies a subset of AHG-IgG-NEG XM cardiac allograft recipients who are at risk for early rejections and poor survival. In contrast, the presence of IgM may be beneficial to survival.
Learning with Kernel Random Field and Linear SVM

Deep learning methods, which include feature extraction in the training process, are achieving success in pattern recognition and machine learning fields but require huge parameter setting, and need the selection from various methods. On the contrary, Support Vector Machines (SVMs) have been popularly used in these fields in light of the simple algorithm and solid reasons based on the learning theory. However, it is difficult to improve recognition performance in SVMs beyond a certain level of capacity, in that higher dimensional feature space can only assure the linear separability of data as opposed to separation of the data manifolds themselves. We propose a new framework of kernel machine that generates essentially linearly separable kernel features. Our method utilizes pretraining process based on a kernel generative model and the mean field Fisher score with a higher-order autocorrelation kernel. Thus derived features are to be separated by a liner SVM, which exhibits far better generalization performance than any kernel-based SVMs. We show the experiments on the face detection using the appearance based approach, and that our method can attain comparable results with the state-of-the-art face detection methods based on AdaBoost, SURF, and cascade despite of smaller data size and no preprocessing.
3-Phenylsulfanyl-4-phenylsulfonyl-1,2,5-oxadiazole 2-oxide

In the title compound, C14H10N2O4S2,the furoxan heterocyclic ring and the two S atoms are almost co-planar, with a mean deviation of 0.036 Å. The bond lengths in the pentagonal ring show electron delocalization and the furoxan N—O bond length is quite short [1.211 (3) Å]. The dihedral angles between the central ring and pendant phenyl rings are 78.05 (14) and 84.28 (2)°.
Hybrid treatment of aortic arch disease

Introduction The management of thoracic aortic disease involving the ascending aorta, aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta are technically challenging and is an area in constant development and innovation. Objective To analyze early and midterm results of hybrid treatment of arch aortic disease. Methods Retrospective study of procedures performed from January 2010 to December 2012. The end points were the technical success, therapeutic success, morbidity and mortality, neurologic outcomes, the rate of endoleaks and reinterventions. Results A total of 95 patients treated for thoracic aortic diseases in this period, 18 underwent hybrid treatment and entered in this study. The average ages were 62.3 years. The male was present in 66.7%. The technical and therapeutic success was 94.5% e 83.3%. The perioperative mortality rate of 11.1%. There is any death during one-year follow- up. The reoperation rates were 16.6% due 2 cases of endoleak Ia and one case of endoleak II. There is any occlusion of anatomic or extra anatomic bypass during follow up. Conclusion In our study, the hybrid treatment of aortic arch disease proved to be a feasible alternative of conventional surgery. The therapeutic success rates and re- interventions obtained demonstrate the necessity of thorough clinical follow-up of these patients in a long time.
The Effects of Color on Memory

This study examined whether color has an effect on memory. Participants were 115 college undergraduates enrolled in an introductory psychology course. They were each given a packet consisting of a list of 20 words, a mathematical task, a blank recall sheet, and a demographic questionnaire. All sheets within each packet were the same color, but different participants received warm colored (red and yellow), cool colored (green and blue), or white packets. The participants were given one minute to memorize the list of words. They then completed the mathematical task. Lastly, they tried to recall as many words as possible on the blank recall sheet. The percentage of words recalled correctly was the dependent variable. It was hypothesized that participants who received warm-colored packets would recall more words than participants who received either the cool-colored packets or the white packets. A one-way ANOVA was conducted and the results indicated that there was not a statistically significant difference in percentage of words recalled based on packet color. Possible explanations are examined.
Party, Ideology, and Vote Intentions: Dynamics from the 2002 French Electoral Panel

The debate over the relative importance of ideology versus party for vote choice in France is enduring. Resolution of the debate would have much value, for the light shed on sources of stability and change in multiparty electoral systems generally. The main reason the debate continues is that previous studies examining that question have been plagued by difficulties pertaining to variable measurement, model specification, election type, and research design. We address these problems and provide new evidence from the 2002 French Electoral Panel. Most notably, these data allow stronger causal inference because party identification and ideological identification are both measured in the first wave of the survey, that is, before the declaration of vote actually occurs. We estimate a multi-equation model of first-round legislative vote intention—as measured in the second wave of the panel—using two-stage least squares, ordered logit, as well as binomial and multinomial logit techniques. The results indicate that ideological identification systematically outweighs party identification in shaping the French voter’s choice.
Pharmacokinetics and toxicology of a fibroblast activation protein (FAP)‐activated prodrug in murine xenograft models of human cancer

As carcinoma progresses, the stroma undergoes a variety of phenotypic changes, including the presence of carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that express fibroblast activation protein (FAP). FAP is a post‐prolyl endopeptidase whose expression in a healthy adult is largely restricted to the cancer‐associated stroma. FAP‐targeted prodrugs with a 100‐fold greater therapeutic window over the parent compound were previously generated.
Taboo Advertising: Can Humor Help to Attract Attention and Enhance Recall?

"Taboo advertising" is often seen as an effective way to attract attention and enhance recall. Drawing on arousal theory and the "taboo-superiority effect," this study questions the nature of the relationship between the level of tabooness and the achievement of those aims. Purpose-designed print advertisements manipulated levels of taboo and humor. Analysis of data collected from 180 respondents in France finds a curvilinear relationship, in which an optimum level of taboo-arousal achieves maximum attention and recall. It also finds that humor decreases perceived tabooness of objectively high-taboo advertisements. Implications for marketing communications strategy are discussed, and future research directions are suggested.
Iron and the restless legs syndrome.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Using blinded procedures, determine the relation between serum ferritin levels and severity of subjective and objective symptoms of the restless legs syndrome (RLS) for a representative patient sample covering the entire adult age range. DESIGN All patient records from the past 4 years were retrospectively reviewed to obtain data from all cases with RLS. All patients were included who had ferritin levels obtained at about the same time as a polysomnogram (PSG), met diagnostic criteria for RLS, and were not on iron or medications that would reduce the RLS symptoms at the time of the PSG. SETTING Sleep Disorders Center. PATIENTS 27 (18 females, 9 males), aged 29-81 years. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Measurements included clinical ratings of RLS severity and PSG measures of sleep efficiency and periodic limb movements (PLMS) in sleep with and without arousal. Lower ferritin correlated significantly to greater RLS severity and decreased sleep efficiency. All but one patient with severe RLS had ferritin levels < or = 50 mcg/l. Patients with lower ferritin (< or = 50 mcg/l) also showed significantly more PLMS with arousal than did those with higher ferritin, but the PLMS/hour was not significantly related to ferritin. This last finding may be due to inclusion of two 'outliers' or because of severely disturbed sleep of the more severe RLS patients. CONCLUSIONS These data are consistent with those from a prior unblinded study and suggest that RLS patients will have fewer symptoms if they have ferritin levels greater than 50 mcg/l.
Sweating in the kangaroo: a cooling mechanism during exercise, but not in the heat.

DAWSON, TERENCE J., DAVID ROBERTSHAW, AND C. RICHARD TAYLOR. Sweating in the kangaroo: a cooling mechanism during exercise, but not in the heat. Am. J. Physiol. 227(Z) : 494498. 1974. -The red kangaroo (Megaleia rufa) uses three evaporative cooling mechanisms : panting, sweating, and saliva spreading. Sweating only occurs during exercise. Resting kangaroos pant and spread saliva when faced with severe thermal load. We compared the heat balance of kangaroos resting at 24OC with that of animals hopping on a treadmill at a speed of 4 km. h-l. During this exercise heat production was approximately 8 times as great as at rest. About 43 y0 of the heat was lost by evaporation, 14% nonevaporatively, and approximately 43% was stored. Sweating accounted for 60% of the evaporative loss and respiratory evaporation accounted for about 40y0. The large increase in respiratory evaporation appeared to be due to increased respiratory ventilation required for the higher oxygen uptake. Salivation occurred during exercise, but spreading was not possible. Sweating declined and rapid panting commenced immediately when exercise ceased. Sweating appeared under the control of adrenergic neurons, the receptors being a-receptors. There was no evidence for the involvement of the adrenal medulla in sweating.
A City without Slums Urban Renewal, Public Housing, and Downtown Revitalization in Kansas City, Missouri

Most scholarly efforts to understand the political economy of postwar urban redevelopment have typically viewed urban renewal and public housing as "housing" programs that originated with the "federal" government. Yet this view is problematic for two reasons. First, it fails to specify the key actors and organized interests, especially real estate officials and downtown business elites, in the programmatic design and implementation of urban renewal and public housing. Second, this view does not fully acknowledge the dislocating and segregative effects of urban renewal and public housing on central city neighborhoods and the role these private-public initiatives played in shaping demographic and population patterns in the postwar era. I draw upon archival data and newspaper articles, real estate industry documents, government reports, and interviews to examine the origin, local implementation, and segregative effects of urban renewal and public housing in Kansas City, Missouri. I explore the role of the ideology of privatism-the underlying commitment by the public sector to enhancing the growth and prosperity of private institutions-in shaping the postwar "system" of urban economic development in which urban renewal and public housing were formulated and implemented. Focusing on the interlocking nature of race and class, I identify the critical links between urban renewal and public housing, and the long-term impact of these programs on metropolitan development in the decades after World War II. Copyright 2001 The American Journal of Economics and Sociology.
Roles of the Drosophila NudE protein in kinetochore function and centrosome migration

We examined the distribution of the dynein-associated protein NudE in Drosophila larval brain neuroblasts and spermatocytes, and analyzed the phenotypic consequences of a nudE null mutation. NudE can associate with kinetochores, spindles and the nuclear envelope. In nudE mutant brain mitotic cells, centrosomes are often detached from the poles. Moreover, the centrosomes of mutant primary spermatocytes do not migrate from the cell cortex to the nuclear envelope, establishing a new role for NudE. In mutant neuroblasts, chromosomes fail to congress to a tight metaphase plate, and cell division arrests because of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) activation. The targeting of NudE to mitotic kinetochores requires the dynein-interacting protein Lis1, and surprisingly Cenp-meta, a Drosophila CENP-E homolog. NudE is non-essential for the targeting of all mitotic kinetochore components tested. However, in the absence of NudE, the `shedding' of proteins off the kinetochore is abrogated and the SAC cannot be turned off, implying that NudE regulates dynein function at the kinetochore.
Literacy and Language-in-Education Policy in Bidialectal Settings

The acquisition, fostering and further development of literacy in bilingual situations has been widely studied but similar issues in bidialectal settings where nonstandard and standard languages coexist have not attracted sufficient attention. This is the second of a series of studies investigating the use of nonstandard languages or dialects in the Cyprus educational setting. The first paper (Pavlou & Papapavlou, 2004) examined teachers’ attitudes towards the use of the Greek Cypriot dialect (GCD) in primary education and their own linguistic behaviour inside and outside class. The present paper reviews the current language policy in Cyprus in relation to literacy acquisition and development and (1) investigates primary teachers’ views on the use of GCD and how this usage affects students’ literacy acquisition (i.e. linguistic performance, educational attainment, and psychological welfare), (2) examines how teachers view the adequacy of GCD as a linguistic system, (3) delineates those factors that shaped teachers’ attitudes towards GCD, (4) discusses the relation between dialect use and ethnic identity, and (5) explores teachers’ stance on language policy matters.
Pattern of pulmonary venous blood flow in the hypoplastic left heart syndrome in the fetus

OBJECTIVE To determine whether restriction at the atrial septum in the newborn with hypoplastic left heart syndrome can be predicted accurately by examining the pattern of pulmonary venous flow in the fetus. A restrictive atrial septum can contribute to haemodynamic instability before surgery for this lesion and has been associated with an increased mortality. DESIGN Pulmonary venous pulsed Doppler tracings were compared between fetuses with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and controls. The size of the atrial septal defect on the postnatal echocardiogram was graded according to the degree of restriction. Pulsed Doppler tracings of pulmonary venous blood flow were obtained in 18 fetuses with left atrial outflow atresia and compared with 77 controls, adjusted for gestational age. Postnatal echocardiograms were available for analysis in 13 of 18 neonates. SETTING A tertiary referral centre for fetal cardiology and paediatric cardiac surgery. RESULTS Fetuses with hypoplastic left heart syndrome were different from controls in all pulmonary vein indices measured. As assessed from the postnatal echocardiogram, there were seven fetuses with a restrictive atrial septum. In these fetuses, the systolic flow velocity (p < 0.01), S/D ratio (p < 0.01), and peak reversal wave (p < 0.001) in the pulmonary vein tracing showed a good correlation with the degree of restriction. CONCLUSIONS The Doppler pattern of pulmonary venous flow in the fetus with hypoplastic left heart syndrome appears to be a reliable predictor of restriction of the atrial septum in the neonate. This may help in the immediate post-delivery management of these infants before surgery.
Excess workload and sleep-related symptoms among commercial long-haul truck drivers

Excess workload has been regarded as an important psychosocial factor at work in Japan. In particular, overtime work could reduce sleep time and consequently exacerbate both physical and mental health, while excessive sleepiness induces work-related accidents. This study aimed to investigate correlations between excess workload and sleep-related symptoms among commercial long-haul truck drivers. We conducted a self-administrated anonymous questionnaire survey of 2054 commercial long-haul truck drivers in a medium-sized city in northern Japan. 1385 replies were collected and 1005 replies from male workers (mean age 41.8 ± 9.0 years old) were examined. The questionnaire mainly consisted of questions of sociodemographic characteristics, working conditions, the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Japanese version of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). 33% of the subjects worked more than 80 h per month in addition to their regular work. 34.6% mainly worked at night and 54.2% worked at night and during the day. 41.5% of the subjects replied that their work schedules were irregular. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that excessive sleepiness while driving was significantly associated with overtime work, working hour distribution (night dominant), irregular schedules and a GHQ-12 score. Similarly, an association between subjective sleep quality and overtime work, irregular schedules, habitual exercise and a GHQ-12 score was found to be significant. Sleep disturbance was significantly associated with body mass index, overtime work and a GHQ-12 score.