Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiclass Classification for the Differential Diagnosis on the ADHD Subtypes Using Recursive Feature Elimination and Hierarchical Extreme Learning Machine: Structural MRI Study

The classification of neuroimaging data for the diagnosis of certain brain diseases is one of the main research goals of the neuroscience and clinical communities. In this study, we performed multiclass classification using a hierarchical extreme learning machine (H-ELM) classifier. We compared the performance of this classifier with that of a support vector machine (SVM) and basic extreme learning machine (ELM) for cortical MRI data from attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients. We used 159 structural MRI images of children from the publicly available ADHD-200 MRI dataset. The data consisted of three types, namely, typically developing (TDC), ADHD-inattentive (ADHD-I), and ADHD-combined (ADHD-C). We carried out feature selection by using standard SVM-based recursive feature elimination (RFE-SVM) that enabled us to achieve good classification accuracy (60.78%). In this study, we found the RFE-SVM feature selection approach in combination with H-ELM to effectively enable the acquisition of high multiclass classification accuracy rates for structural neuroimaging data. In addition, we found that the most important features for classification were the surface area of the superior frontal lobe, and the cortical thickness, volume, and mean surface area of the whole cortex.
Approximate inverse for linear and some nonlinear problems

In this paper we present a method for solving problems such as Af = g by constructing an approximate inverse which maps the data g to a regularized solution of this equation of the first kind. No discretization for f is needed. The solution operator can be precomputed independently of the data. This works for linear problems and for nonlinear problems with a special structure. The regularization is achieved by computing mollified versions of the (minimum-norm) solution. It is shown that this class of regularization operators contains, as special cases, the classical methods such as Tikhonov - Phillips, iteration methods and also discretization methods. In the case where the operator has some invariance properties the storage needs are dramatically reduced.
Dependently Typed Programming with Domain-Speciﬁc Logics

We deﬁne a dependent programming language in which program- mers can deﬁne and compute with domain-speciﬁc logics , such as an access-control logic that statically prevents unauthorized access to controlled resources. Our language permits programmers to deﬁne logics using the LF logical framework, whose notion of bind- ing and scope facilitates the representation of the consequence relation of a logic, and to compute with logics by writing functional programs over LF terms. These functional programs can be used to compute values at run-time, and also to compute types at compile- time. In previous work, we studied a simply-typed framework for representing and computing with variable binding [LICS 2008]. In this paper, we generalize our previous type theory to account for dependently typed inference rules, which are necessary to adequately represent domain-speciﬁc logics, and we present examples of using our type theory for certiﬁed software and mechanized metatheory.
Induced planet formation in stellar clusters: a parameter study of star–disc encounters

We present a parameter study of the possibility of tidally triggered disk instability. Using a restricted N-body model which allows for a survey of an extended parameter space, we show that a passing dwarf star with a mass between 0.1 and 1 M ⊙ can probably induce gravitational instabilities in the pre-planetary solar disk for prograde passages with minimum separations below 80–170 AU for isothermal or adiabatic disks. Inclined and retrograde encounters lead to similar results but require slightly closer passages. Such encounter distances are quite likely in young moderately massive star clusters (Scally & Clarke 2001; Bonnell et al. 2001). The induced gravitational instabilities may lead to enhanced planetesimal formation in the outer regions of the protoplanetary disk, and could therefore be relevant for the existence of Uranus and Neptune, whose formation timescale of about 100 Myr (Wuchterl et al. 2000) is inconsistent with the disk lifetimes of about a few Myr according to observational data by Haisch et al. (2001). The relatively small gas/solid ratio in Uranus and Neptune can be matched if the perturbing fly-by occurred after early gas depletion of the solar system, i.e. when the solar system was older than about 5 Myr. We also confirm earlier results by Heller (1993) that the observed 7 degree tilt of the solar equatorial plane relative to the ecliptic plane could be the consequence of such a close encounter.
School Violence: Associations With Control, Security/Enforcement, Educational/Therapeutic Approaches, and Demographic Factors

Abstract. This study examined the extent to which three approaches to violence prevention and response were associated with the incidence of school crime and disruption after accounting for the influence of demographic variables. Secondary data analyses were conducted with four subsets of the sample of principals who completed the National Center for Education Statistics' School Survey on Crime and Safety. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses conducted with Sample 1 (n = 426) and Sample 2 (n = 459), respectively, identified four approaches, labeled educational/therapeutic, control, security/enforcement, and crisis plans. Confirmatory factor analyses with Sample 3 (n = 382) validated the constructs of school crime and disruption. Hierarchical regression analyses with Sample 4 (n = 440) indicated that demographic characteristics (e.g., enrollment, neighborhood crime) were associated with school crime, school disruption, or both. After accounting for demographic influences, security/enforcement (e.g., law enforcement, suspensions) was significantly associated with school crime and disruption.
Periods for rank 1 irregular singular connections on surfaces

We define a period pairing for flat, irregular singular, rank one connections, satisfying a technical condition regarding its stationary set, on complex surfaces between de Rham cohomology of the connection and a modified singular homology, the rapid decay homology. We prove that this gives a perfect duality. A 2-dimensional version of confluent hypergeometrics are contructed as an example.
Journal of Translational Medicine Tumor-associated Endothelial Cells Display Gstp1 and Rarβ2 Promoter Methylation in Human Prostate Cancer

Background: A functional blood supply is essential for tumor growth and proliferation. However, the mechanism of blood vessel recruitment to the tumor is still poorly understood. Ideally, a thorough molecular assessment of blood vessel cells would be critical in our comprehension of this process. Yet, to date, there is little known about the molecular makeup of the endothelial cells of tumor-associated blood vessels, due in part to the difficulty of isolating a pure population of endothelial cells from the heterogeneous tissue environment.
Association of symptoms and breast cancer in population-based mammography screening in Finland

The study purpose was to assess association of symptoms at screening visits with detection of breast cancer among women aged 50–69 years during the period 2006–2010. Altogether 1.2 million screening visits were made and symptoms (lump, retraction, secretion etc.) were reported either by women or radiographer. Breast cancer risk was calculated for each symptom separately using logistic regression [odds ratio (OR)] and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Of the 1,198,410 screening visits symptoms were reported in 298,220 (25%) visits. Breast cancer detection rate for women with and without symptoms was 7.8 per 1,000 and 4.7 per 1,000 screening visits, respectively, whereas lump detected 32 cancers per 1,000 screens. Women with lump or retraction had an increased risk of breast cancer, OR = 6.47, 95% CI 5.89−7.09 and OR = 2.19, 95% CI 1.92–2.49, respectively. The sensitivity of symptoms in detecting breast carcinoma was 35.5% overall. Individual symptoms sensitivity and specificity ranged from, 0.66 to 14.8% and 87.4 to 99.7%, respectively. Of 5,541 invasive breast cancers, 1,993 (36%) reported symptoms at screen. Breast cancer risk among women with lump or retraction was higher in large size tumors (OR = 9.20, 95% CI 8.08–10.5) with poorly differentiated grades (OR = 5.91, 95% CI 5.03–6.94) and regional lymph nodes involvement (OR = 6.47, 95% CI 5.67–7.38). This study was done in a setting where breast tumors size is generally small, and symptoms sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing breast tumors were limited. Importance of breast cancer symptoms in the cancer prevention and control strategy needs to be evaluated also in other settings.
Experimental measurement for vehicular communication evaluation using OBU ARADA System

The equipment of vehicles with wireless communication capabilities is expected to be the key to the evolution to next generation intelligent transportation systems (ITS). The IEEE community has been continuously working on the development of an efficient vehicular communication protocol for the enhancement of Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE). Vehicular communication systems, called V2X, support vehicle to vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communications. The efficiency of such communication systems depends on several factors, among which the surrounding environment and mobility are prominent. Accordingly, this study focuses on the evaluation of the real performance of vehicular communication with special focus on the effects of the real environment and mobility on V2X communication. It starts by identifying the real maximum range that such communication can support and then evaluates V2I and V2V performances. The Arada LocoMate OBU transmission system was used to test and evaluate the impact of the transmission range in V2X communication. The evaluation of V2I and V2V communication takes the real effects of low and high mobility on transmission into account. The yielded results will help us to validate previous Matlab simulations of the IEEE 802.11p transmission system.
Regulation of Kv1 subunit expression in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and their role in G1/S phase progression of the cell cycle

Proliferative oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPs) express large, delayed outward-rectifying K+ currents (IK), whereas nondividing immature and mature oligodendrocytes display much smaller IK. Here, we show that up-regulation of IK occurs in G1 phase of the cell cycle in purified cultured OPs and is the result of an RNA synthesis-dependent, selective increase of the K+ channel subunit proteins Kv1.3 and Kv1.5. In oligodendrocyte cells acutely isolated from developing rat brain, a decrease of cyclin D expression is observed as these cells mature along their lineage. This is accompanied by a decrease in Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 subunit expression, suggesting a role for these subunits in the proliferative potential of OPs in situ. IK expressed in OPs in subventricular zone and developing white matter in acutely isolated slice preparations were selectively blocked by antagonists of Kv1.3, illustrating the functional presence of this subunit in situ. Interestingly, Kv1.3 block inhibited S-phase entry of both purified OPs in culture and in tissue slice cultures. Thus, we employ both in vitro and in situ experimental approaches to show that (i) RNA-dependent synthesis of Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 subunit proteins occurs in G1 phase of the OP cell cycle and is responsible for the observed increase in IK, and (ii) currents through Kv1.3-containing channels play a crucial role in G1/S transition of proliferating OPs.
Binarity in Brown Dwarfs: T Dwarf Binaries Discovered with the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera 2

We present the discovery of two T dwarf binaries, 2MASS 1225-2739AB and 2MASS 1534-2952AB, identified in a sample of 10 T dwarfs imaged with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field Planetary Camera 2. Companionship is established by the uniquely red F814W-F1042M colors of the binary components, caused by heavily pressure-broadened K I absorption centered at 7665 and 7699 Å. The separations of the two binary systems are 0. ″282 ± 0. ″005 and 0. ″065 ± 0. ″007, implying projected separations of 3.17 ± 0.14 and 1.0 ± 0.3 AU, respectively. These close separations are similar to those found in previous brown dwarf binary searches and permit orbital mapping over the coming decade. 2MASS 1225-2739AB has a substantially fainter secondary, with ΔMF814W = 1.59 ± 0.04 and ΔMF1042M = 1.05 ± 0.03; this system is likely composed of a T6 primary and T8 secondary with mass ratio 0.7-0.8. The observed binary fraction of our HST sample, 20%, is consistent with results obtained for late-type M and L field dwarfs and implies a bias-corrected binary fraction of 9% for a ≳ 1 AU and q ≳ 0.4, significantly lower than the binary fractions of F-G and early-type M dwarf stars. Neither of the T binaries have separations a ≳ 10 AU, consistent with results from other brown dwarf binary searches. Using the statistical models of Weinberg, Shapiro, & Wasserman, we conclude that tidal disruption by passing stars or giant molecular clouds, which limits the extent of wide stellar binaries, plays no role in eliminating wide brown dwarf binaries, implying either disruption very early in the formation process (ages ≲1-10 Myr) or a formation mechanism that precludes such systems. We find that the maximum binary separation in the brown dwarf regime appears to scale as M, a possible clue to the physical mechanism that restricts wide substellar systems.
MultiVec: a Multilingual and Multilevel Representation Learning Toolkit for NLP

We present MultiVec, a new toolkit for computing continuous representations for text at different granularity levels (word-level or sequences of words). MultiVec includes word2vec’s features, paragraph vector (batch and online) and bivec for bilingual distributed representations. MultiVec also includes different distance measures between words and sequences of words. The toolkit is written in C++ and is aimed at being fast (in the same order of magnitude as word2vec), easy to use, and easy to extend. It has been evaluated on several NLP tasks: the analogical reasoning task, sentiment analysis, and crosslingual document classification.
An XMM—Newton observation of the young open cluster NGC 2547: coronal activity at 30 Myr

We report on XMM-Newton observations of the young open cluster NGC 2547 which allow us to characterize coronal activity in solar-type stars, and stars of lower mass, at an age of 30 Myr. X-ray emission is seen from stars at all spectral types, peaking among G stars at luminosities (0.3-3 keV) of L x ≃ 10 30.5 erg s -1 and declining to L x ≤ 10 29.0 erg s -1 among M stars with masses ≥0.2 M ⊙ . Coronal spectra show evidence for multi-temperature differential emission measures and low coronal metal abundances of Z ≃ 0.3. The G- and K-type stars of NGC 2547 follow the same relationship between X-ray activity and Rossby number established in older clusters and field stars, although most of the solar-type stars in NGC 2547 exhibit saturated or even supersaturated X-ray activity levels. The median levels of L x and L x /L bol in the solar-type stars of NGC 2547 are very similar to those in T-Tauri stars of the Orion Nebula cluster (ONC), but an order of magnitude higher than in the older Pleiades. The spread in X-ray activity levels among solar-type stars in NGC 2547 is much smaller than in older or younger clusters. Coronal temperatures increase with L x , L x /L bol and surface X-ray flux. The most active solar-type stars in NGC 2547 have coronal temperatures intermediate between those in the ONC and the most active older zero-age main-sequence (ZAMS) stars. We show that simple scaling arguments predict higher coronal temperature in coronally saturated stars with lower gravities. A number of candidate flares were identified among the low-mass members and a flaring rate [for total flare energies (0.3-3 keV) > 10 34 erg] of one every 350 +350 -120 ks was found for solar-type stars, which is similar to rates found in the ONC and Pleiades. Comparison with ROSAT High Resolution Imager (HRI) data taken 7 yr earlier reveals that only 10-15 per cent of solar-type stars or stars with L x > 3 x 10 29 erg s -1 exhibit X-ray variability by more than a factor of 2. This is comparable with clusters of similar age but less than in both older and younger clusters. The similar median levels of X-ray activity and rate of occurrence for large flares in NGC 2547 and the ONC demonstrate that the X-ray radiation environment around young solar-type stars remains relatively constant over their first 30 Myr.
Familial clustering of risk factors for cardiovascular disease among first-degree relatives of patients with chronic kidney disease in a sub-Saharan African population

Summary Objective To determine the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a sub-Saharan African population. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey of 460 subjects (230 FDRs of patients with CKD and 230 healthy controls). Anthropometrics and blood pressures were measured. Spot urine and fasting venous blood samples were obtained for biochemical analysis. Results The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity and dyslipidaemia were significantly higher in FDRs of patients with CKD compared with the controls: 56 (24.3%) vs 29 (12.6%), p = 0.01; 20 (8.7%) vs 6 (2.6%), p = 0.01; 40 (17.4%) vs 24 (10.4%), p = 0.03 and 171 (74.3%) vs 138 (60.0%), p = 0.01, respectively. Hypertension (OR, 1.65), dyslipidaemia (OR, 1.72) and albuminuria (OR, 1.61) were independently associated with being a FDR of patients with CKD. Conclusion In this sub-Saharan African population, risk factors for CVD were more prevalent in the FDRs of patients with CKD than in healthy controls.
Wind Turbine Fault Detection Using Counter-Based Residual Thresholding

Abstract Up-down counters are commonly used in the aerospace industry for fault detection thresholding. This paper applies the up-down counter technique to detect wind turbine faults. The thresholding problem involves a tradeoff between false alarms and missed detections. Counter based thresholding can detect smaller faults with higher probability and lower false alarms than is possible using simple constant thresholds. This improvement is achieved by effectively introducing dynamics into the thresholding logic as opposed to decisioning based on a single time step. Up down counters are applied to the development of a fault detection system for a commercial sized 4.8MW wind turbine. Realistic fault scenarios in the sensing, actuation and drivetrain subsystems are considered. It is seen that most faults can be detected with fast detection times and minimal false alarms without implementation of more complex filtering and detection techniques on residuals.
Event Log Visualisation with Conditional Partial Order Graphs: from Control Flow to Data

Process mining techniques rely on event logs: the extraction of a process model (discovery) takes an event log as the input, the adequacy of a process model (conformance) is checked against an event log, and the enhancement of a process model is performed by using available data in the log. Several notations and formalisms for event log representation have been proposed in the recent years to enable efficient algorithms for the aforementioned process mining problems. In this paper we show how Conditional Partial Order Graphs (CPOGs), a recently introduced formalism for compact representation of families of partial orders, can be used in the process mining field, in particular for addressing the problem of compact and easy-to-comprehend visualisation of event logs with data. We present algorithms for extracting both the control flow as well as the relevant data parameters from a given event log and show how CPOGs can be used for efficient and effective visualisation of the obtained results. We demonstrate that the resulting representation can be used to reveal the hidden interplay between the control and data flows of a process, thereby opening way for new process mining techniques capable of exploiting this interplay.
The Balanced Company: A Theory of Corporate Integrity

The Balanced Company provides a coherent overview of the most important theories and insights in the field of business ethics and corporate social responsibility. This is an area of growing concern for corporations today - many have Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) personnel and use ethical codes in areas such as performance appraisals, staff induction programmes, supplier contracts, and so forth. Corporations are driven by more than a sense of ethical duty and idealism, however. There is clear evidence that the implementation of ethical codes can help to minimize legal fees, improve staff morale, ward off bad press, improve public image, empower stakeholders, and boost profits. But what of the situations where ethical decisions come at the cost of profits? Accessible and up-to-date, The Balanced Company presents criteria that can be used to measure, assess, improve, and report on corporate integrity. Tailoring the main ethical theories to the situations in which organizations function, the book also provides in-depth case studies at the end of each chapter. These include coverage of Shell, KPN Telecom, and the Herald of Free Enterprise disaster amongst others. Part I describes the rise of business ethics in practice. General misconceptions about the field are discussed and a summary of common ethical theories is presented. It concludes with a discussion of the concept of integrity. Part II provides the theoretical foundation for the ethics of business and discusses the question of whether the notion of integrity is applicable to organizations and whether an organization can be viewed as an autonomous entity. Part III formulates practical applications based on the preceding analyses and arguments. For academics, this book sets out a unique framework for the development of theories and critieria; for students, it provides a clear explanation of business ethics, sustainable development, and compliance; and for managers, it presents a practical framework that can be used to develop their organization. The Balanced Company will be widely used on courses and training programmes in corporate social responsibility and business ethics. The book is supported by a website containing further information about the cases and questions for discussion (www.ethicsmanagement.org).