Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
All Your Queries Are Belong to Us: The Power of File-Injection Attacks on Searchable Encryption

The goal of searchable encryption (SE) is to enable a client to execute searches over encrypted files stored on an untrusted server while ensuring some measure of privacy for both the encrypted files and the search queries. Most recent research has focused on developing efficient SE schemes at the expense of allowing some small, wellcharacterized “(information) leakage” to the server about the files and/or the queries. The practical impact of this leakage, however, remains unclear. We thoroughly study file-injection attacks—in which the server sends files to the client that the client then encrypts and stores—on the query privacy of singlekeyword and conjunctive SE schemes. We show such attacks can reveal the client’s queries in their entirety using very few injected files, even for SE schemes having low leakage. We also demonstrate that natural countermeasures for preventing file-injection attacks can be easily circumvented. Our attacks outperform prior work significantly in terms of their effectiveness as well as in terms of their assumptions about the attacker’s prior knowledge.
Models of Metaplasticity: A Review of Concepts

Part of hippocampal and cortical plasticity is characterized by synaptic modifications that depend on the joint activity of the pre- and post-synaptic neurons. To which extent those changes are determined by the exact timing and the average firing rates is still a matter of debate; this may vary from brain area to brain area, as well as across neuron types. However, it has been robustly observed both in vitro and in vivo that plasticity itself slowly adapts as a function of the dynamical context, a phenomena commonly referred to as metaplasticity. An alternative concept considers the regulation of groups of synapses with an objective at the neuronal level, for example, maintaining a given average firing rate. In that case, the change in the strength of a particular synapse of the group (e.g., due to Hebbian learning) affects others' strengths, which has been coined as heterosynaptic plasticity. Classically, Hebbian synaptic plasticity is paired in neuron network models with such mechanisms in order to stabilize the activity and/or the weight structure. Here, we present an oriented review that brings together various concepts from heterosynaptic plasticity to metaplasticity, and show how they interact with Hebbian-type learning. We focus on approaches that are nowadays used to incorporate those mechanisms to state-of-the-art models of spiking plasticity inspired by experimental observations in the hippocampus and cortex. Making the point that metaplasticity is an ubiquitous mechanism acting on top of classical Hebbian learning and promoting the stability of neural function over multiple timescales, we stress the need for incorporating it as a key element in the framework of plasticity models. Bridging theoretical and experimental results suggests a more functional role for metaplasticity mechanisms than simply stabilizing neural activity.
Mechanisms leading to erratic snapback behavior in bipolar junction transistors with base emitter shorted

This paper discusses two different modes of breakdown in the reverse-biased I–V characteristics observed generically in bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) with the base emitter shorted, showing an erratic behavior, in the presence of large displacement currents. Experimental observations related to reverse-biased collector junctions of BJTs, that exhibit two different states of breakdown when a fast voltage ramp is applied are presented. Numerical simulations of the transient behavior of avalanche injection in p∕n−∕n+ structures show that two very close breakdown states coexist. The mechanisms leading to the erratic behavior of the second breakdown are discussed. The jittery nature of the breakdown is attributed to the delay associated with the buildup of the electric field across the n−∕n+ junction.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs in

Objective: This study was designed to assess the prevalence and the associated risk factors (e.g., sex, age, breed, management system and climate) of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in Makurdi metropolis in Nigeria. Materials and methods: Prevalence study of canine heartworm disease in dogs was conducted over a period of six months covering five localities of Makurdi metropolis in Benue State, Nigeria. A total of 186 blood samples were collected from apparently healthy and sick dogs, and the samples were examined for the presence of microfilaria between September 2015 and February 2016. Three methods (wet mount, Buffy coat and modified Knott’s techniques) were used for the examination of the samples. The Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and complete blood count for each sample were also determined. Results: Out of the 186 dogs, 4 (2.15%) were found to be positive for the presence of microfilaria. Out of the 4 positive cases, 3 (1.61%) were microfilaria and 1 (0.54%) was unidentified motile parasite. A total of 104 females were examined and only 1 (0.96%) was positive, while 3 (3.66%) males out of 82 examined were positive. Out of 141 older dogs examined, 4 (2.84%) were positive. Hematology of the positive dogs revealed mild anemia and moderate thrombocytopenia with Mean±SD of 34.8±15.30% and 108±60.81x109/L, respectively. Conclusion: The study confirms Knott’s technique to be the most sensitive in the diagnosis of dirofilariasis in dogs using parasitological techniques. The findings confirm the occurrence of D. immitis in dogs in Makurdi with low prevalence and that the general public are at high risk of spreading infection from the dogs. Infection is more in male and adult dogs. This work can assist in planning appropriate strategies for controlling and prevention of D. immitis infection in Nigeria.
Comparisons of Measured and Empirical Potential Evapotranspiration in Ilorin , Nigeria

Four potential evapotranspiration (PET) prediction models were assessed for reliability in relation to actual evapotranspiration (ET) obtained from the soil water balance equation. The models tested were the modified Penman, Thornthwaite, Turc and Blaney-Morin-Nigeria (BMN). Using the crop coefficient (Kc) of the reference crop as the conversion factor, the actual ET computed from the soil water balance equation was transformed to its potential equivalent (ETs) which was used as the standard of comparison for evaluating the other four ET models. Good correlation was found between the ET values computed by both the modified Penman and the Thornthwaite in relation to ETs. Performance statistics showed that both the modified Penman and Thornthwaite models yielded similar results, followed by BMN and the Turc models in descending order. However, the Thornthwaite model with correction factors is recommended for the region because of the relative ease of data generation associated with its computation.
Influence of Cluster Formation of Acidic Phospholipids on Decrease in the Affinity for ATP of DnaA Protein (*)

DnaA protein is the initiator of chromosomal DNA replication in Escherichia coli. We examined the influence of artificial mixed membrane composed of synthetic acidic (phosphate) lipid and basic (ammonium) lipid on the affinity of DnaA protein for ATP. Two sets of acidic and basic lipids with distinguishable numbers of hydrophobic alkyl chains were devised. Synthetic membranes made of the sole acidic lipid but not the basic bilayers inhibited the ATP binding to DnaA protein and stimulated the release of ATP from the ATP-DnaA complex. The basic bilayer-forming compounds served as the matrix for the guest acidic lipids. Acidic lipids dispersed in the basic matrix membrane had little effect on ATP binding and on ATP release. Conversely, acidic lipids forming cluster structures in the mixed artificial membranes inhibited the ATP binding and stimulated the release of ATP. These observations suggest that in mixed lipid bilayers, a cluster structure of acidic lipids seems to be an important parameter to decrease the affinity of DnaA protein for ATP.
In Situ Diagnostics and Prognostics of Wire Bonding Faults in IGBT Modules for Electric Vehicle Drives

This paper presents a diagnostic and prognostic condition monitoring method for insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) power modules for use primarily in electric vehicle applications. The wire-bond-related failure, one of the most commonly observed packaging failures, is investigated by analytical and experimental methods using the on-state voltage drop as a failure indicator. A sophisticated test bench is developed to generate and apply the required current/power pulses to the device under test. The proposed method is capable of detecting small changes in the failure indicators of the IGBTs and freewheeling diodes and its effectiveness is validated experimentally. The novelty of the work lies in the accurate online testing capacity for diagnostics and prognostics of the power module with a focus on the wire bonding faults, by injecting external currents into the power unit during the idle time. Test results show that the IGBT may sustain a loss of half the bond wires before the impending fault becomes catastrophic. The measurement circuitry can be embedded in the IGBT drive circuits and the measurements can be performed in situ when the electric vehicle stops in stop-and-go, red light traffic conditions, or during routine servicing.
Enhancement of CD3‐induced activation of human intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes by stimulation of the β7‐containing integrin defined by HML‐1 monoclonal antibody

Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) form a large population of T cells in close contact with the intestinal lumen and differ from lymphocytes in other lymphoid compartments by their predominant CD8+ phenotype and the strong expression of the recently characterized β7‐containing integrin defined by the monoclonal antibody (mAb) HML‐1. The aim of the present in vitro study was to investigate the possible role of the integrin defined by HML‐1 in the activation of human IEL via the CD3‐T cell receptor (TcR) pathway.
Decision-making processes used by nurses during intravenous drug preparation and administration.

AIM The aim of this study was to explore the decision-making processes that nurses use during intravenous drug administration and how this influences risk taking and errors. BACKGROUND Intravenous drug errors have been estimated to be a third of all drug errors. Previous drug error research has focused on observation of nurses and errors they make but has not attempted to understand the decision-making processes used during the preparation and administration of intravenous drugs. METHOD A three-phased ethnographic study was carried out in a specialist cancer hospital in 2007 using focus groups, observation and interviews. This article is concerned with the observation and interview phase. Observation took place on two wards, each over a week. Twenty nurses were observed preparing and administering intravenous drugs; then interviewed about their procedure. Data analysis was carried out using a five stage approach. FINDINGS Major themes identified include: interruptions; identification and knowing the patient; routinized behaviour, prevention of errors. These represent the findings of the observation and interviews with the nurses. One key finding was the lack of checking of patient identity prior to IV drug administration, which appeared to be based on nurses feeling they knew the patient well enough, although this was in contrast to how they checked even familiar drugs. This article will focus on identification and knowing the patient. CONCLUSION Implications for practice included: exploring new and effective methods of education based on behavioural theories; involving staff in updating policies and procedures; formal assessment of staff during intravenous preparation and administration.
Title A Semi-Infinite Programming based algorithm for determining T-optimum designs for model discrimination Permalink

T-optimum designs for model discrimination are notoriously difficult to find because of the computational difficulty involved in solving an optimization problem that involves two layers of optimization. Only a handful of analytical T-optimal designs are available for the simplest problems; the rest in the literature are found using specialized numerical procedures for a specific problem. We propose a potentially more systematic and general way for finding T-optimal designs using a Semi-Infinite Programming (SIP) approach. The strategy requires that we first reformulate the original minimax or maximin optimization problem into an equivalent semi-infinite program and solve it using an exchange-based method where lower and upper bounds produced by solving the outer and the inner programs, are iterated to convergence. A global Nonlinear Programming (NLP) solver is used to handle the subproblems, thus finding the optimal design and the least favorable parametric configuration that minimizes the residual sum of squares from the alternative or test models. We also use a nonlinear program to check the global optimality of the SIP-generated design and automate the construction of globally optimal designs. The algorithm is successfully used to produce results that coincide with several T-optimal designs reported in the literature for various types of model discrimination problems with normally distributed errors. However, our method is more general, merely requiring that the parameters of the model be estimated by a numerical optimization. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Comparative study of attachment to and invasion of epithelial cell lines by Shigella dysenteriae

Henle 407 and HeLa cells were compared as hosts for Shigella dysenteriae at a low multiplicity of infection. Efficiency of attachment and invasion without centrifugation, as well as selectivity for pathogenic over nonpathogenic S. dysenteriae without Congo red, were much greater for Henle 407 cells than for HeLa cells.
Associations between Self-Reported Sleep Quality and Duration and Dietary Consumptions, Psychological Symptoms, and Obesity in Korean Adults

Sleep pattern disruptions have been reported to be associated with an increased risk of obesity. This study was performed to investigate the association between sleep quality and sleep duration with dietary consumption, psychological factors, and obesity in Korean adults. A total of 288 Korean men and women who visited a public health center were included in this study. Data on general characteristics, health-related habits, psychological symptoms, dietary intake, and sleep patterns (including quality and duration) were collected using self-report questionnaires. Approximately half of the included Korean adults experienced sleep of low quality and short duration. Subjects who reported short sleep durations had a significantly higher weight (P=0.015), body mass index (P<0.001), and prevalence of obesity (P=0.012) than those reporting proper sleep durations. After adjustment for covariates, subjects reporting short sleep durations consumed more dietary carbohydrates (P=0.043) and higher levels of perceived stress (P=0.001), depression (P=0.001), and anxiety (P<0.001) than subjects reporting proper sleep durations. However, obesity-related variables, dietary intake and psychosocial symptoms did not differ significantly by reported sleep quality. The results of this study demonstrated that sleep duration but not sleep quality was associated with dietary macronutrient intake and psychological symptoms, which might affect obesity.
Gray matter atrophy in Parkinson disease with dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies

Background: The nosologic relationship between dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson disease with dementia (PDD) is continuously being debated. We conducted a study using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to explore the pattern of cortical atrophy in DLB and PDD. Methods: Seventy-four patients and healthy elderly were imaged (healthy elderly n = 20, PDD n = 15, DLB n = 18, and Alzheimer dementia [AD] n = 21). Three dimensional T1-weighted MRI were acquired, and images analyzed using VBM. The following diagnostic criteria were used: criteria proposed by the third report of the DLB Consortium for DLB, the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Diseases Association criteria for AD, and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition criteria for dementia in PDD. Results: Overall dementia severity was similar in the dementia groups. We found more pronounced cortical atrophy in DLB than in PDD in the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. Patients with AD had reduced gray matter concentrations in the temporal lobes bilaterally, including the amygdala, compared to PDD. Compared to DLB, the AD group had temporal and frontal lobe atrophy. Conclusion: We found that despite a similar severity of dementia, patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) had more cortical atrophy than patients with Parkinson disease with dementia (PDD), indicating different brain substrates underlying dementia in the two syndromes. Together with previous studies reporting subtle clinical and neurobiologic differences between DLB and PDD, our findings support the hypothesis that PDD and DLB are not identical entities, but rather represent two subtypes of a spectrum of Lewy body disease.
Investigating gated recurrent neural networks for speech synthesis

Recently, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) as powerful sequence models have re-emerged as a potential acoustic model for statistical parametric speech synthesis (SPSS). The long short-term memory (LSTM) architecture is particularly attractive because it addresses the vanishing gradient problem in standard RNNs, making them easier to train. Although recent studies have demonstrated that LSTMs can achieve significantly better performance on SPSS than deep feed-forward neural networks, little is known about why. Here we attempt to answer two questions: a) why do LSTMs work well as a sequence model for SPSS; b) which component (e.g., input gate, output gate, forget gate) is most important. We present a visual analysis alongside a series of experiments, resulting in a proposal for a simplified architecture. The simplified architecture has significantly fewer parameters than an LSTM, thus reducing generation complexity considerably without degrading quality.
[Utilization of self-sampling kits for HPV testing in cervical cancer screening - pilot study].

OBJECTIVE To get initial experience with alternative sampling (self-sampling) for HPV testing as the means of cervical cancer screening program. DESIGN Original work. SETTING Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc. METHODS Based on expression of interest, 215 self-sampling kits were posted to women. Evalyn(®) Brush Vaginal swabs obtained by self-sampling were analyzed for the presence of HPV infection by Cobas 4800 HPV (Roche) followed by genotyping using PapilloCheck(®) HPV-Screening (Greiner Bio-One). Sixty women randomly chosen from our sample were sent a questionnaire focused on their experience with self-sampling. RESULTS One hundred seventy-four of 215 (81%) distributed self-sampling devices have been delivered to analysis. All cervicovaginal swabs were sampled correctly and it was possible to analyze them by Cobas 4800 HPV test. Similarly, 98% (171/174) samples were analyzable by PapilloCheck(®) HPV-Screening.One hundred twenty-five (72%) of 174 tested samples were HPV negative. Low risk HPV infection was detected only in 7 samples (4%), and high risk HPV (hrHPV) infection was present in 42 samples (24%). The most frequently detected hrHPV genotypes were HPV16 (11/42; 26%) and HPV53 (6/42; 14%). HrHPV co-infection was detected in 10 cases, in 5 of them lrHPV infection was find also.Of the 60 questionnaires, 48 (80%) were returned. From this group, 47 (98%) women rated their experience with self-sampling device as good to excellent. User manual of self-sampling device was considered good to excellent by all women (100%). All women also rated the convenience of self-sampling device using as good to excellent. As expected, most of the women (n = 42 [88%]) preferred self-sampling to physician sampling. CONCLUSION Cervicovaginal self-sampling leads to valid results of HPV screening using two molecular genetics methods and was accepted by Czech women very well. The self-sampling as an opportunity to participate in cervical cancer screening could increase the attendance of the screening program and would help to reduce the incidence and mortality for this disease in the Czech population.
University of Glasgow at TREC 2005: Experiments in Terabyte and Enterprise Tracks with Terrier

In TREC 2007, we participate in four tasks of the Blog and Enterprise tracks. We continue experiments using Terrier 1 [14], our modular and scalable Information Retrieval (IR) platform, and the Divergence From Randomness (DFR) framework. In particular, for the Blog track opinion finding task, we propose a statisti cal term weighting approach to identify opinionated documents. An alternative approach based on an opinion identification too l is also utilised. Overall, a 15% improvement over a non-opinionated baseline is observed in applying the statistical term weighting approach. In the Expert Search task of the Enterprise track, we investi gate the use of proximity between query terms and candidate name occurrences in documents.
Identification of Human T Cell Receptor γδ-recognized Epitopes/Proteins via CDR3δ Peptide-based Immunobiochemical Strategy*

Human T lymphocytes, bearing T cell receptor (TCR) γδ, play an important role in anti-tumor/microbe immune responses. However, few tumor antigens recognized by TCRγδ have been defined so far. To investigate antigenic epitopes/proteins recognized by γδT cells, we have established a new immunobiochemical strategy that uses complementarity-determining region 3 of TCR δ chain (CDR3δ) peptide-mediated epitope/protein-binding assays. CDR3δ peptides synthesized using the CDR3 region in TCR Vδ2 chain were validated for their binding specificity to target cells or tissues. These CDR3δ peptides were then employed as probes to pan putative epitopes in a 12-mer random peptide phage-displayed library and to identify putative protein ligands within tumor protein extracts by affinity chromatography and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. As a result, we have identified nine peptides and two proteins for TCRγδ, including human mutS homolog 2 (hMSH2) and heat shock protein (HSP) 60. All nine tested epitope peptides not only bind to γδT cells but also functionally activate γδT cells in vitro. Identification of HSP60 confirms the validity of this method as HSP60 is an identified ligand for TCRγδ. We show that hMSH2 is expressed on the surface of SKOV3 tumor cells, and cytotoxicity of Vδ2 γδT cells to SKOV3 cells was blocked by anti-hMSH2 antibody, suggesting that hMSH2 may be a new ligand for TCRγδ. Taken together, our findings provide a novel immunobiochemical strategy to identify epitopes/proteins recognized by γδT cells.