Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Space shuttle flight (STS‐90) enhances degradation of rat myosin heavy chain in association with activation of ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway

To elucidate the mechanisms of microgravity‐induced muscle atrophy, we focused on fast‐type myosin heavy chain (MHC) degradation and expression of proteases in atrophied gastrocnemius muscles of neonatal rats exposed to 16‐d spaceflight (STS‐90). The spaceflight stimulated ubiquitination of proteins, including a MHC molecule, and accumulation of MHC degradation fragments in the muscles. Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction revealed that the spaceflight significantly increased mRNA levels of cathepsin L, proteasome components (RC2 and RC9), polyubiquitin, and ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme in the muscles, compared with those of ground control rats. The levels of μ‐calpain, m‐calpain, cathepsin B, and cathepsin H mRNAs were not changed by the spaceflight. We also found that tail‐suspension of rats for 10 d or longer caused the ubiquitination and degradation of MHC in gastrocnemius muscle, as was observed in the spaceflight rats. In the muscle of suspended rats, these changes were closely associated with activation of proteasome and up‐regulation of expression of mRNA for the proteasome components and polyubiquitin. Administration of a cysteine protease inhibitor, E‐64, to the suspended rats did not prevent the MHC degradation. Our results suggest that spaceflight induces the degradation of muscle contractile proteins, including MHC, possibly through a ubiquitin‐dependent proteolytic pathway.
Peer-to-Peer Behaviour Detection by TCP Flows Analysis

A heat sensitive cable operable over a temperature range of between approximately -20 DEG F. and 1650 DEG F. The cable includes a tubular metallic sheath which is substantially temperature resistant and moisture impervious. It also includes a mass of compacted insulation material filling the sheath and having an insulation resistance variable with temperature in the range of between approximately 100 and 50,000 ohms. The cable further includes at least one thermoelectric conductor positioned within the insulation material filling the sheath. A method of manufacturing the cable includes the step of preparing the insulation material and advancing the thermoelectric conductor through a given region. It also includes the step of advancing a strip of flat metal material past apparatus for forming and welding a tubular sheath surrounding the given region. The method further includes the step of concurrently depositing the insulation material within the tubular sheath for enclosure and advancing the sheath, insulation material and conductor through apparatus for reducing the diameter of the sheath and applying tension to the conductor. With these steps, the insulation material is compacted and the conductor is positioned within the sheath.
Credit Rationing and Effective Supply Failures

This paper presents two macro models in which central bank policy has real effects on the supply side of the economy due to credit rationing. In each model, there are two possible regimes, depending on whether credit is or is not rationed. Starting from an unrationed equilibrium, either a large enough contraction of bank reserves or a large enough rise in aggregate demand can lead to rationing. Monetary (fiscal) policy is shown to be more (less) powerful when there is rationing than when there is not. In the first model, credit rationing reduces working capital. There is a failure of effective supply in that credit-starved firms must reduce production below national supply. The resulting excess demand in the goods market may in turn drive prices up and reduce the real supply of credit further, leading to further reductions in supply and a stagflationary spiral. In the second model, credit rationing reduces investment, which cuts into both aggregate demand and supply. Despite the effect on demand, stagflationary instability is still possible. A rise in government spending crowds out investment in the rationed regime but crowds in investment in the unrationed regime.
Autonomous synchronization of a DMT-VDSL system in unbundled networks

We present an algorithm that autonomously synchronizes all DMT-Zipper based VDSL modems in an unbundled access network, solving the problem with nonorthogonal NEXT that appears in systems with unsynchronized modems. The algorithm we present runs autonomously in each VDSL modem in the central office or in the street cabinet. We determine the other modems' relative frame offsets by exploiting their NEXT signal using the inherent cyclic redundancy found in DMT signals. By estimating the relative frame offsets of the other users, we can adjust a given user's own frame-timing relative to the mean of the others. With our method all modems in the network will be synchronized to within a small fraction of the total DMT frame-length, suppressing the nonorthogonal NEXT to a level far below the background noise-floor. This means that we can achieve the same performance in an unbundled access network without any master clock reference as in a system where all modems are perfectly synchronized using a master clock.
On Classification Methods for Mathematical Models of Learning on Classification Methods for Mathematical Models of Learning on Classification Methods for Mathematical Models of Learning

formato preliminare prima della pubblicazione definitiva in altra sede. Abstract The present paper intends to describe some classification methods based on computational kernels developed in the field of generalized eigenvalue problems. It will be illustrated how some numerical difficulties can be overcome and how to obtain a simple iterative algorithm for binary and n-ary classification. Finally , some hints will be given on how eigenvalues techniques can be used in mathematical models of learning.
Transformational leadership and shared governance: an action study.

AIMS The present study demonstrates the practical relevance of the concepts of transformational leadership as a Director of Nursing working with structure (shared governance) and active processes, informed by action research, to achieve the incremental breakthroughs associated with culture change in nursing. BACKGROUND Responding to the context of a decade of health reforms in a New Zealand tertiary hospital, the leadership challenge, as a Director of Nursing, was to find ways of transforming the nursing workforce. How could nursing evolve from a relatively disempowered position within the organization (impact of the reforms) and reshape to achieve effectiveness within the new organizational culture? METHODS Interwoven with transformational leadership are action processes progressively moving forward through cycles of reconnaissance, planning, implementation and evaluation. The principles of shared governance 'partnership', 'equity', 'accountability' and 'ownership' underpin and work synchronically with the active processes in advancing the effectiveness of nursing. It is leadership for and in action. This study is descriptive and exploratory overall, and more specifically it uses reflective practice and self-reporting as methods. RESULTS The outcomes of transformational leadership are evident in a confident, competent and committed nursing workforce which embraces continuous learning and expresses a professional respect for each other. CONCLUSIONS The practical inter-weaving of the concepts of transformational leadership, shared governance and action processes provide a framework for sustainable change processes both at a unit and organizational level. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT It is the interplay between the three concepts that generates a process of creative innovation, questioning and challenging existing structures to try and reach a new level of excellence through the participation and valuing of nurses and nursing practice.
Two-Stage Prediction of the Effects of Imidazolium and Pyridinium Ionic Liquid Mixtures on Luciferase

The predicted toxicity of mixtures of imidazolium and pyridinium ionic liquids (ILs) in the ratios of their EC50, EC10, and NOEC (no observed effect concentration) were compared to the observed toxicity of these mixtures on luciferase. The toxicities of EC50 ratio mixture can be effectively predicted by two-stage prediction (TSP) method, but were overestimated by the concentration addition (CA) model and underestimated by the independent action (IA) model. The toxicities of EC10 ratio mixtures can be basically predicted by TSP and CA, but were underestimated by IA. The toxicities of NOEC ratio mixtures can be predicted by TSP and CA in a certain concentration range, but were underestimated by IA. Our results support the use of TSP as a default approach for predicting the combined effect of different types of ILs at the molecular level. In addition, mixtures of ILs mixed at NOEC and EC10 could cause significant effects of 64.1% and 97.7%, respectively. Therefore, we should pay high attention to the combined effects in mixture risk assessment.
CORRECTIVE SONIC FEEDBACK FOR SPEED SKATING: A CASE STUDY

We present a system that provides real-time audio feedback to athletes performing repetitive, periodic movements. The system synchronizes the temporal signal from a sensor placed on theathletes body witha model signal. The audio feedback tellsthe athlete how well they are synchronized withthe model, and whether ornot they are deviating from the model at critical points in the periodic motion. Because the feedback is continuous and in real-time ,t he athlete is able to correct their motion in response to the sounds they hear. The system uses simple, inexpensive instrumentation(the entire system costs less than $500) and avoids the uses of expensive and inconvenient motion capture systems. We demonstrate th ee ffectiveness of the system with a case study featuring a speedskater that had developed a significant anomaly in his technique.
Intellectual capital and innovativeness in software development firms: the moderating role of firm size

Abstract We examine the effect of intellectual capital on firms’ innovativeness and the moderating role of firm size in software development firms in Kenya. Using moderated regression analysis, we found support for the proposition that human and social capital enhance firms’ innovativeness. We did not, however, find any significant effect of organizational capital on firms’ innovativeness. The results from the moderated regression suggest that the smaller the firm, the stronger the influence of intellectual capital on firms’ innovativeness. The results therefore indicate that human and social capital are critical in the innovation process and so firms that neglect these capitals are unlikely to realize the potential to innovate particularly in software development firms.
Comments on the Proposed No Significant Risk Level Documentation for DINP

Recently the State of California proposed a regulatory amendment to adopt a No Significant Risk Level (NSRL) for diisononyl phthalate (DINP) of 146 micrograms per day (μg/day) (OEHHA, 2015). This value was based on liver tumor incidence data from studies in rats and mice as well as increased frequencies of mononuclear cell leukemia (MNCL) from studies in Fischer 344 (F344) rats and calculated following a linearized multistage model.
Integrating DNA Methylation and Gene Expression Data in the Development of the Soybean-Bradyrhizobium N2-Fixing Symbiosis

Very little is known about the role of epigenetics in the differentiation of a bacterium from the free-living to the symbiotic state. Here genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation changes between these states is described using the model of symbiosis between soybean and its root nodule-forming, nitrogen-fixing symbiont, Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens. PacBio resequencing of the B. diazoefficiens genome from both states revealed 43,061 sites recognized by five motifs with the potential to be methylated genome-wide. Of those sites, 3276 changed methylation states in 2921 genes or 35.5% of all genes in the genome. Over 10% of the methylation changes occurred within the symbiosis island that comprises 7.4% of the genome. The CCTTGAG motif was methylated only during symbiosis with 1361 adenosines methylated among the 1700 possible sites. Another 89 genes within the symbiotic island and 768 genes throughout the genome were found to have methylation and significant expression changes during symbiotic development. Of those, nine known symbiosis genes involved in all phases of symbiotic development including early infection events, nodule development, and nitrogenase production. These associations between methylation and expression changes in many B. diazoefficiens genes suggest an important role of the epigenome in bacterial differentiation to the symbiotic state.
Mobility, risk tolerance and competence to manage risks

Migration is a risky behaviour because of the uncertainty about future wages, living conditions, changing relationships with family and friends and cultural adjustment. While there has been some research on risk and uncertainty in migration, this has mostly been approached as a form of ‘rational’ decision-making: such approaches explain why some groups of individuals are more likely than others to migrate, but are limited in explaining individual variations in behaviour within these groups. Individual migrants vs. non-migrants are self-selected in terms of tolerance of risk and uncertainty but, with very few exceptions, there has been no research on migration within the framework of risk tolerance/aversion and competence to manage risk. Moreover, existing research is based on, and constrained by the limitations of, incumbent data-sets. Drawing on a specially commissioned large-scale survey of the UK population, this paper uses principal component analysis and logistic regression to analyse the extent to which risk and risk-related measures can be used to predict four different types of mobility profiles. There are significant associations between these individual mobility characteristics and general risk/uncertainty tolerance, and competence-based tolerance. These are strongest in terms of the two most polarised mobility types: the least mobile, the Stayers, and the most mobile, the Roamers. Recognising that previous migration is exogenous, a further analysis of migration intentions, with previous migration included as an independent variable, finds the propensity for future migration is, in fact, negatively associated with previous migration, probably due to the importance of ‘pure risk’ as opposed to acquired competence via migration experience, and to life cycle considerations.
Evaluation of fall detection for the elderly on a variety of subject groups

Falls in the elderly are a major problem for today's society. If the elderly could get help immediately after the fall, the severity of the injury could be reduced. Also, it results in decreasing the rate of death and the medical cost. This paper presents a fall detection algorithm based on the threshold value of the maximum peak resultant acceleration to classify falls and Activity of Daily Live (ADL). Two types of the experiments were investigated. Type A) ten young subjects performed both falls and ADL. Type B) ten young subjects performed falls whereas ten elderly subjects performed ADL. In the experiment, tri-axial accelerometer was mounted on the trunk. There were four categories of falls: forward fall, backward fall, left and right side fall and six categories of ADL: sit-stand, stand-sit, sit-lie, lie-sit, bend down, and walking 2 m. For the threshold of the maximum peak resultant acceleration at 1.9g, falls could be distinguished from ADL with 100% sensitivity in both Type A and B while specificity for Type A and B were 96.11% and 98.33%, respectively. Results indicate that the trend in classification of fall from ADL in the elderly could gain the increase in error. Therefore, more sophisticated algorithms for the classification of fall from ADL in the elderly are needed to improve performance of detection.
The street lighting control system application and case study

Nowadays, control systems in outdoor and street lighting installations are more and more popular. Many of the outdoor lighting installations exist in direct precincts of buildings with building automation and control systems (BACS). In this paper we present case study with an experimental BACS of outdoor lighting system based on international standard ISO/IEC 14908. The event-based paradigm is the key feature of it. Following the event-based approach we have organized integrated platform to control our experimental outdoor lighting system. In our experiments we have been focused on communication reliability, easy integration of the control system and energy consumption reduction. We describe proposed functional strategies, the performed experiments and analyse the results. The first stages of this evaluation have shown that the event-based BACS provide higher comfort and energy reduction in the outdoor lighting.
Optimal sizing and placement of Static and Dynamic VAR devices through Imperialist Competitive Algorithm for minimization of Transmission Power Loss

This paper presents the applications of static and dynamic VAR sources for Transmission Power Loss (TPL) minimization using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA). Static VAR sources consists of switchable shunt capacitors whereas, the dynamic VAR sources are flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices. A novel approach of simultaneous optimal placement and sizing of static and dynamic VAR sources has been proposed which proves to be more efficient in TPL minimization when compared to their individual counter parts. Usage of static and dynamic VAR sources simultaneously makes the power system optimization problem more complex, which needs special optimization tool. Hence, a novel ICA optimization algorithm is also proposed in this paper to achieve a global optimization solution for the above mentioned complex problem. The proposed ICA is inspired by imperialistic competition in which all the countries are divided into two types: imperialist states and colonies. Imperialistic competition is the main part of proposed algorithm and hopefully causes the colonies to converge to the global minimum of the optimization problem. The proposed method is tested on the standard IEEE-14 bus and IEEE-118 bus test systems. Results obtained are compared against the individual usage of VAR sources and as well as with the other proven optimization algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Results indicate that the proposed method obtains a better optimal solution when compared to that of the conventional approaches. Keyword- VAR sources, Transmission Power Loss, Imperialist Competitive Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, Genetic Algorithm
Excitation Transfer in the Core Light-Harvesting Complex (LH-1) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides: An Ultrafast Fluorescence Depolarization and Annihilation Study

The depolarization of the bacteriochlorophyll fluorescence from the core light-harvesting antenna (LH- 1) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides was time-resolved using fluorescence upconversion. Complexes isolated in the detergent octylglucoside and chromatophores of the LH-1-only mutant M2192 were studied. For both preparations, the anisotropy of the fluorescence drops from an initial value of -0.4 to 0.07 with a biphasic decay characterized by time constants of approximately 110 and 400 fs. The decay of the anisotropy is modeled as energy transfer between bacteriochlorophyll dimers in the antenna. The results are discussed in relation with current models for the structural organization of the core antenna. Numerical modeling of the observed annihilation processes indicates a domain size of approximately 16 pigments (eight dimers) for detergent-isolated LH-1 complexes. Simulations show that the depolarization data are consistent with either a symmetric ring structure and an inhomogeneous spectral distribution function for the pigments or a ring made up of pigment clusters. Oscillations in the isotropic fluorescence with a 105 cm-' frequency suggest wave-packet motion in the excited state chromophore in analogy with the reaction center special pair, for which a similar frequency is observed in time domain experiments. These oscillations are supporting evidence for the hypothesis that the LH-1 antenna is built of bacteriochlorophyll dimers. The dephasing of the oscillations is slower than the observed depolarization time scale.
A hybrid RMRAC-LQR control scheme applied for power quality conditioning devices

This paper proposes a hybrid control algorithm for a power quality conditioning device. This algorithm incorporates a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) to a Robust Model Reference Adaptive Controller (RMRAC) in order to obtain a high performance and robust system of control for the specified plant. The RMRAC controller is developed to deal with parametric variation and system uncertainties, while the LQR scheme is designed to deal with disturbances caused by high line impedance. Thus, the hybrid control structure guarantees a good tracking performance for the plant to be controlled, considering a huge class of uncertainties, commonly found in real systems. The power conditioning topology consists of a Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF), that uses a three-phase three-legs Voltage Source Inverter (VSI), connected to an L filter.
Graded Effects of Regularity in Language Revealed by N400 Indices of Morphological Priming

Differential electrophysiological effects for regular and irregular linguistic forms have been used to support the theory that grammatical rules are encoded using a dedicated cognitive mechanism. The alternative hypothesis is that language systematicities are encoded probabilistically in a way that does not categorically distinguish rule-like and irregular forms. In the present study, this matter was investigated more closely by focusing specifically on whether the regular–irregular distinction in English past tenses is categorical or graded. We compared the ERP priming effects of regulars (baked–bake), vowel-change irregulars (sang–sing), and “suffixed” irregulars that display a partial regularity (suffixed irregular verbs, e.g., slept–sleep), as well as forms that are related strictly along formal or semantic dimensions. Participants performed a visual lexical decision task with either visual (Experiment 1) or auditory prime (Experiment 2). Stronger N400 priming effects were observed for regular than vowel-change irregular verbs, whereas suffixed irregulars tended to group with regular verbs. Subsequent analyses decomposed early versus late-going N400 priming, and suggested that differences among forms can be attributed to the orthographic similarity of prime and target. Effects of morphological relatedness were observed in the later-going time period, however, we failed to observe true regular–irregular dissociations in either experiment. The results indicate that morphological effects emerge from the interaction of orthographic, phonological, and semantic overlap between words.