Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Label-free LC–MS/MS quantitative analysis of aqueous humor from keratoconic and normal eyes

Purpose The etiology of keratoconus (KC) and the factors governing its progression are not well understood. It has been suggested that this disease might be caused by biochemical alterations in the cornea; changes in the expression profiles of human aqueous humor (hAH) proteins have been observed in some diseases. To gain a new insight into the molecular mechanisms of KC pathology, we examined the hAH proteomes of those in the advanced stages of this disease. We used a high-throughput mass spectrometry approach to compare hAH protein expression in patients with KC and in control subjects. Methods Aqueous humor samples were acquired from five keratoconus patients during keratoplasty surgery and from five myopic control subjects during phakic intraocular lens implantation. Quantitative mass spectrometry analysis using spectral counting was performed to determine the relative amounts of hAH proteins in the samples from KC patients and control individuals. Results All KC patients included in the study presented severe keratoconus (K2 >52 D), and slit-lamp examination revealed microfolds in Descemet’s membrane, without clinical signs of hydrops. We found significant differences between the expression levels of 16 proteins in the two groups. In KC samples, seven proteins were overexpressed and nine were underexpressed in comparison with the control group. Gene ontology analysis revealed that these deregulated proteins are implicated in several biologic processes, such as the regulation of proteolysis, responses to hypoxia, and responses to hydrogen peroxide, among others. Conclusions The protein expression profiles in hAH from KC patients and myopic control subjects differ significantly. This result suggests that some components of the hAH proteome are involved in this disease. Further in-depth analysis of the hAH proteome should provide a better understanding of the mechanisms governing the pathophysiology of KC.
Is the deconvolution layer the same as a convolutional layer?

In this note, we want to focus on aspects related to two questions most people asked us at CVPR about the network we presented. Firstly, What is the relationship between our proposed layer and the deconvolution layer? And secondly, why are convolutions in low-resolution (LR) space a better choice? These are key questions we tried to answer in the paper, but we were not able to go into as much depth and clarity as we would have liked in the space allowance. To better answer these questions in this note, we first discuss the relationships between the deconvolution layer in the forms of the transposed convolution layer, the sub-pixel convolutional layer and our efficient sub-pixel convolutional layer. We will refer to our efficient sub-pixel convolutional layer as a convolutional layer in LR space to distinguish it from the common sub-pixel convolutional layer. We will then show that for a fixed computational budget and complexity, a network with convolutions exclusively in LR space has more representation power at the same speed than a network that first upsamples the input in high resolution space.
Global Gene Expression Patterns in Clostridium thermocellum as Determined by Microarray Analysis of Chemostat Cultures on Cellulose or Cellobiose

ABSTRACT A microarray study of chemostat growth on insoluble cellulose or soluble cellobiose has provided substantial new information on Clostridium thermocellum gene expression. This is the first comprehensive examination of gene expression in C. thermocellum under defined growth conditions. Expression was detected from 2,846 of 3,189 genes, and regression analysis revealed 348 genes whose changes in expression patterns were growth rate and/or substrate dependent. Successfully modeled genes included those for scaffoldin and cellulosomal enzymes, intracellular metabolic enzymes, transcriptional regulators, sigma factors, signal transducers, transporters, and hypothetical proteins. Unique genes encoding glycolytic pathway and ethanol fermentation enzymes expressed at high levels simultaneously with previously established maximal ethanol production were also identified. Ranking of normalized expression intensities revealed significant changes in transcriptional levels of these genes. The pattern of expression of transcriptional regulators, sigma factors, and signal transducers indicates that response to growth rate is the dominant global mechanism used for control of gene expression in C. thermocellum.
Inferior Frontal Gyrus Activation Underlies the Perception of Emotions, While Precuneus Activation Underlies the Feeling of Emotions during Music Listening

While music triggers many physiological and psychological reactions, the underlying neural basis of perceived and experienced emotions during music listening remains poorly understood. Therefore, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), I conducted a comparative study of the different brain areas involved in perceiving and feeling emotions during music listening. I measured fMRI signals while participants assessed the emotional expression of music (perceived emotion) and their emotional responses to music (felt emotion). I found that cortical areas including the prefrontal, auditory, cingulate, and posterior parietal cortices were consistently activated by the perceived and felt emotional tasks. Moreover, activity in the inferior frontal gyrus increased more during the perceived emotion task than during a passive listening task. In addition, the precuneus showed greater activity during the felt emotion task than during a passive listening task. The findings reveal that the bilateral inferior frontal gyri and the precuneus are important areas for the perception of the emotional content of music as well as for the emotional response evoked in the listener. Furthermore, I propose that the precuneus, a brain region associated with self-representation, might be involved in assessing emotional responses.
Understanding the Political Representativeness of Twitter Users

In this article, we analyze the structure and content of the political conversations that took place through the microblogging platform Twitter in the context of the 2011 Spanish legislative elections and the 2012 U.S. presidential elections. Using a unique database of nearly 70 million tweets collected during both election campaigns, we find that Twitter replicates most of the existing inequalities in public political exchanges. Twitter users who write about politics tend to be male, to live in urban areas, and to have extreme ideological preferences. Our results have important implications for future research on the relationship between social media and politics, since they highlight the need to correct for potential biases derived from these sources of inequality.
Integrating feature and instance selection for text classification

Instance selection and feature selection are two orthogonal methods for reducing the amount and complexity of data. Feature selection aims at the reduction of redundant features in a dataset whereas instance selection aims at the reduction of the number of instances. So far, these two methods have mostly been considered in isolation. In this paper, we present a new algorithm, which we call FIS (Feature and Instance Selection) that targets both problems simultaneously in the context of text classificationOur experiments on the Reuters and 20-Newsgroups datasets show that FIS considerably reduces both the number of features and the number of instances. The accuracy of a range of classifiers including Naïve Bayes, TAN and LB considerably improves when using the FIS preprocessed datasets, matching and exceeding that of Support Vector Machines, which is currently considered to be one of the best text classification methods. In all cases the results are much better compared to Mutual Information based feature selection. The training and classification speed of all classifiers is also greatly improved.
Interleukin‐10 Inhibits Both Production of Cytokines and Expression of Cytokine Receptors in Microglia

Abstract: Microglia, macrophage‐like cells in the CNS, are multifunctional cells; they play an important role in removal of dead cells or their remnants by phagocytosis in the CNS degeneration and are one of important cells in the CNS cytokine network to produce and respond to a variety of cytokines. The functions of microglia are regulated by inhibitory cytokines. We have reported the expression of interleukin (IL)‐10, one of the inhibitory cytokines, and its receptor in mouse microglia; therefore, IL‐10 may affect microglial functions. In this study, we investigated the effects of IL‐10 on purified microglia in culture. IL‐10 inhibited lipopolysaccharide‐induced IL‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α production, lysosomal enzyme activity, and superoxide anion production in a dose‐dependent manner, but did not affect granulocyte/macrophage colony‐stimulating factor‐dependent proliferation of microglia. IL‐10 also decreased the expression of both IL‐6 receptor and lipopolysaccharide‐induced IL‐2 receptor but not IL‐4 receptor on microglia as measured by flow cytometric analysis with an indirect immunofluorescence technique. IL‐10 also decreased mRNA expression of IL‐2 and IL‐6 cytokine receptors. These results suggest that IL‐10 is a unique and potent inhibitory factor in the CNS cytokine network involved in decreasing the expression of cytokine receptors as well as cytokine production by microglia.
Enriched Odor Exposure Increases the Number of Newborn Neurons in the Adult Olfactory Bulb and Improves Odor Memory

In the mammalian forebrain, most neurons originate from proliferating cells in the ventricular zone lining the lateral ventricles, including a discrete area of the subventricular zone (SVZ). In this region, neurogenesis continues into adulthood. Most of the cells generated in the SVZ are neuronal precursors with progeny that migrate rostrally along a pathway known as the rostral migratory stream before they reach the main olfactory bulb (MOB) where they differentiate into local interneurons. The olfactory system thus provides an attractive model to investigate neuronal production and survival, processes involving interplay between genetic and epigenetic influences. The present study was conducted to investigate whether exposure to an odor-enriched environment affects neurogenesis and learning in adult mice. Animals housed in either a standard or an odor-enriched environment for 40 d were injected intraperitoneally with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to detect proliferation among progenitor cells and to follow their survival in the MOB. The number of BrdU-labeled neurons was not altered 4 hr after a single BrdU injection. In contrast, the number of surviving progenitors 3 weeks after BrdU injection was markedly increased in animals housed in an enriched environment. This effect was specific because enriched odor exposure did not influence hippocampal neurogenesis. Finally, we showed that adult mice housed in odor-enriched cages display improved olfactory memory without a change in spatial learning performance. By maintaining a constitutive turnover of granule cells subjected to modulation by environmental cues, ongoing bulbar neurogenesis could be associated with improved olfactory memory.
A double-blind comparison of meptazinol with pethidine in postoperative pain.

Three groups each of 24 patients who had undergone total abdominal hysterectomy were studied on the 1st day after operation. Under double-blind conditions, group 1 compared meptazinol 60 mg with pethidine 100 mg, group 2, meptazinol 75 mg with pethidine 100 mg and group 3, meptazinol 100 mg with pethidine 100 mg. The drugs were given i.m. Analgesic activity was assessed by patients rating their pain before and 1 h after the administration of each treatment and by patient and investigator preference for treatment. From the pain relief score, pethidine was not significantly better than any dose of meptazinol in relieving pain. Patients preferred pethidine 100 mg to meptazinol 60 mg (P less than 0.01, McNemar's test), but there was no significant difference between meptazinol and pethidine for observer or patient preference when the dose of meptazinol was increased to 75 mg or 100 mg.
Obesity, disease burden, and prescription spending by community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries

ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess drug utilization and cost patterns by body mass index (BMI) for Medicare beneficiaries including cohorts diagnosed with diseases resulting from, or aggravated by, obesity. Research design: We used data from the 2003 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey to characterize the community-dwelling Medicare population by BMI class and to assess the following outcomes: (1) prevalence of drugs recommended in treating obesity-related chronic diseases, (2) annual spending on these medications by disease cohort, and (3) spending for all medications for the full study sample. Linear regression techniques were used to assess the conditional association of BMI class with drug spending controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, prescription drug coverage, health status, and comorbidities. Results: Annual drug spending in 2003 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) for obese class I ($2374) and class III ($2976) compared to normal-weight beneficiaries ($1764). Obese individuals also had higher utilization rates for selected medications used to treat diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, hyperlipidemia, and osteoarthritis. Regression results indicate that chronic disease is the main reason why drug spending is higher among the obese, but prescription drug coverage is also a significant factor. Conclusions: Obesity is associated with significantly higher drug spending among Medicare beneficiaries. The combination of growing numbers of obese beneficiaries, high rates of chronic disease, and greater than average prescription spending per condition will all contribute to higher future Part D and overall Medicare program costs. Limitations of the study include: self-reported data on height, weight, and drug use/spending; small sample size; and pre-Part D data.
Stabilization of Periodic Orbits for Planar Walking With Noninstantaneous Double-Support Phase

This paper presents an analytical approach to design a continuous time-invariant two-level control scheme for asymptotic stabilization of a desired period-one trajectory for a hybrid model describing walking by a planar biped robot with noninstantaneous double-support phase and point feet. It is assumed that the hybrid model consists of both single- and double-support phases. The design method is based on the concept of hybrid zero dynamics. At the first level, parameterized continuous within-stride controllers, including single- and double-support-phase controllers, are employed. These controllers create a family of 2-D finite-time attractive and invariant submanifolds on which the dynamics of the mechanical system is restricted. Moreover, since the mechanical system during the double-support phase is overactuated, the feedback law during this phase is designed to be minimum norm on the desired periodic orbit. At the second level, parameters of the within-stride controllers are updated by an event-based update law to achieve hybrid invariance, which results in a reduced-order hybrid model for walking. By these means, stability properties of the periodic orbit can be analyzed and modified by a restricted Poincaré return map. Finally, a numerical example for the proposed control scheme is presented.
A Fundamental Investigation of the Composition of Auditory Evoked Potentials

An investigation, carried out to establish whether auditory evoked potentials (AEP's) are due to phase reordering of the background electroencephalogram or to an additive signal, is described. New phase reordered and additive models of the AEP were introduced and used in conjunction with the techniques of angular statistics. It was established that all of the AEP's studied contained additive energy in at least one harmonic component.
Similar and equal relationships? Negotiating bisexuality in an enduring relationship

In the public debate in Finland, same-sex couples’ right to legal recognition is routinely defended by stressing their sameness to heterosexual couples within the discourse of romantic love. This article explores how bisexual women and their partners use these discourses. The five couple interviews were analyzed by implementing discourse analysis. The results highlight how, when taking positions within the discourse of the enduring couple relationship, the interviewees drew on the discourse of romantic love. Woman’s bisexuality disappeared easily in this talk. Although it seemed effortless at first sight, negotiations and affective tensions arose when the interviewees tried to fit their relationship into the normative discourse: Is our relationship like traditional heterosexual relationship or is it more equal? Are we similar or are we different? What role does woman’s bisexuality have in our relationship? Close reading of these negotiations revealed the hierarchies and norms related to gender and (bi)sexuality that constitute the enduring relationship discourse.
Ethnicity, Class and Aspiration: Understanding London’s New East End

lence of audits developed through a discussion of the treatment of the concept of ‘‘error’’ in various commercial and technical fields shows the promise of the concept of standards at its best. It does not, however, show that it is at its best when it is at its least precise. Eliminating obfuscatory theoretical distinctions is a great strength of this book; eliminating analytically useful distinctions, such as that between measurement and other forms of differentiation, is the book’s greatest weakness. Perhaps the best praise that can be offered for a book of this sort is that it blazes the way for a slew of new work by posing legitimately new questions. The theoretical shortcomings discussed above weaken the capacity of Standards in this regard, but not by much. One is left with an appreciation of the potential for using Busch’s concept of standards (especially in its most specific sense) to generate helpful questions for exploring the connections between measurement, metaphor, power, and social life. Standards are not the only recipes for reality, but after reading this book, it is hard to forget how much of our world is made to their measure.
Religious Involvement across Societies: Analyses for Alternative Measures in National Surveys

Les AA. elargissent les analyses de Sigelman sur les modeles transnationaux a propos de la frequentation des Eglises et de l'adhesion a certaines croyances; ceci dans plusieurs directions: les pays intervenant dans les comparaisons sont plus nombreux, les mesures de l'engagement religieux sont plus variees. Les resultats montrent que les americains sont bien places mais pas toujours premiers du point de vue de l'engagement. La nation est la plus importante des variables controlees
Early death in those previously hospitalised for mental healthcare in Scotland: a nationwide cohort study, 1986–2010

Objectives To compare the mortality in those previously hospitalised for mental disorder in Scotland to that experienced by the general population. Design Population-based historical cohort study using routinely available psychiatric hospital discharge and death records. Setting All Scotland. Participants Individuals with a first hospital admission for mental disorder between 1986 and 2009 who had died by 31 December 2010 (34 243 individuals). Outcomes The main outcome measure was death from any cause, 1986–2010. Excess mortality was presented as standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) and years of life lost (YLL). Excess mortality was assessed overall and by age, sex, main psychiatric diagnosis, whether the psychiatric diagnosis was ‘complicated’ (ie, additional mental or physical ill-health diagnoses present), cause of death and time period of first admission. Results 111 504 people were included in the study, and 34 243 had died by 31 December 2010. The average reduction in life expectancy for the whole cohort was 17 years, with eating disorders (39-year reduction) and ‘complicated’ personality disorders (27.5-year reduction) being worst affected. ‘Natural’ causes of death such as cardiovascular disease showed modestly elevated relative risk (SMR1.7), but accounted for 67% of all deaths and 54% of the total burden of YLL. Non-natural deaths such as suicide showed higher relative risk (SMR5.2) and tended to occur at a younger age, but were less common overall (11% of all deaths and 22% of all YLL). Having a ‘complicated’ diagnosis tended to elevate the risk of early death. No worsening of the overall excess mortality experienced by individuals with previous psychiatric admission over time was observed. Conclusions Early death for those hospitalised with mental disorder is common, and represents a significant inequality even in well-developed healthcare systems. Prevention of suicide and cardiovascular disease deserves particular attention in the mentally disordered.
The Impact of Physically Attractive Models on Advertising Evaluations

A considerable amount of social science research suggests an individual's initial perception of and reaction to another individual are affected by the physical attractiveness of the other person. The authors attempt to assess whether this general finding applies to people's perceptions of advertisements. Specifically, they assess the impact of attractiveness of male and female models on subjects’ evaluations of ads, and seek to determine whether the reactions depend on the sex of the ad reader or on the type of product being advertised.
Predictors for good therapeutic outcome and drop-out in technology assisted guided self-help in the treatment of bulimia nervosa and bulimia like phenotype.

OBJECTIVE Technology assisted guided self-help has been proven to be effective in the treatment of bulimia nervosa (BN). The aim of this study was to determine predictors of good long-term outcome as well as drop-out, in order to identify patients for whom these interventions are most suitable. METHODS One hundred and fifty six patients with BN were assigned to either 7 months internet-based guided self-help (INT-GSH) or to conventional guided bibliotherapy (BIB-GSH), both guided by e-mail support. Evaluations were taken at baseline, after 4, 7, and 18 months. As potential predictors, psychiatric comorbidity, personality features, and eating disorder psychopathology were considered. RESULTS Higher motivation, lower frequency of binge eating, and lower body dissatisfaction at baseline predicted good outcome after the end of treatment. Lower frequency of binge eating predicted good outcome at long-term follow-up. Factors prediciting drop-out were higher depression and lower self-directedness at baseline. CONCLUSION Technology assisted self-help can be recommended for patients with a high motivation to change, lower binge-eating frequency and lower depression scores.