Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Functional Movement Screen Scores, Core Strength, Posture, and Body Mass Index in School Children in Moldova

Abstract Mitchell, UH, Johnson, AW, and Adamson, B. Relationship between Functional Movement Screen scores, core strength, posture, and body mass index in school children in Moldova. J Strength Cond Res 29(5): 1172–1179, 2015—The assessment of functionality should include parameters that consider postural control, limb asymmetries, range of motion limitations, proprioceptive deficits, and pain. An increasingly popular battery of tests, the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), is purported to assess the above named parameters. The purpose of our study was twofold: (a) to report differences in total FMS scores in children, provide preliminary normative reference values of each of the 7 individual FMS scores for both genders and report on asymmetries and (b) to evaluate the relationship between total FMS scores, age, body mass index (BMI), core strength/stability, and postural angles to explore the possibility of using the FMS in the assessment of children's functional fitness. Descriptive data on 77 children aged 8–11 years were collected. The children performed core strength/stability exercises. Photographs were taken from a lateral view for later calculation of postural angles. The children performed the FMS while being videotaped for later review. The average total FMS score (of 21) was 14.9 (+1.9), and BMI was 16.4 (+2.2). Static posture is not related to results of the FMS. Core strength was positively correlated to the total FMS score (r = 0.31; p = 0.006). Over 60% demonstrated at least 1 asymmetry. The individual test scores indicate that none of the test items is too difficult for the children. Based on the screen's correlation to core strength, and the fact that it identifies areas of asymmetry, we suggest to further investigate its possible use in the assessment of children's functional fitness.
EXPANDING THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOUR: THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONAL NORMS ON CONDOM USE AMONGST YOUNG PEOPLE IN GHANA

Personal norms are standards and values (e.g. moral values) that the individual uses to evaluate the worth of behaviours. Research suggests that people are inclined to behave in ways that are in accordance with these norms, and to avoid behaviours that are discordant. This study investigated the role of personal norms in explaining intended condom use in a sample of 460 young people in Ghana, aged 15-28. Participants completed a questionnaire that assessed the subjective norm, perceived behavioural control and attitudes (i.e. the standard components of the theory of planned behaviour). It also assessed personal norms, intended condom use, and previous actual condom use. Intended condom use was significantly correlated with actual condom use; and personal norms explained a significant amount of the variance in intended condom use over and above that explained by the standard components of the TPB. Programmes that seek to promote the use of condoms amongst young people should address the issue of the
Specific brain activation in Japanese and Caucasian people to fearful faces

Different regions of brain activation, as measured by fMRI, were evident in Japanese and Caucasian individuals observing facial expressions categorized as fearful according to Ekman criteria. Activation was evident in the posterior cingulate, supplementary motor cortex and the amygdala in Caucasians, while activation was evident in the right inferior frontal, premotor cortex and left insula and in Japanese individuals. The results suggest that Caucasians respond to fearful faces in a more direct, emotional way, whereas Japanese do not attach an emotional valence to the faces and therefore activate a template matching system to identify facial expressions. The faces widely used as emotional stimuli therefore are not universally perceived, and cultural specificity should be taken into consideration in designing facial tasks.
Negotiating Sustainability: Climate Change Framing in the Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union

Environmental problems are often reduced to a catch-22 that portrays sustainability-oriented policies as disastrous for resource sector workers. Despite efforts by many industry leaders to frame climate change in “jobs versus environment” terms, the Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union of Canada (CEP) has supported ambitious greenhouse gas reduction policies. Using interviews with union members and staff, this study examines CEP's climate change framing. It finds that CEP extended the environmental justice master frame to define its response to climate change, neutralize anti-Kyoto rhetoric, and work with the environmental movement. CEP's framing was accomplished through negotiation processes that continue to unfold as members work out the union's positions relative to their own values, experiences, and interpretations of what is possible. These findings suggest sustainability can be understood as an emergent, localized, and contested social order, and point to “self-negotiation” in longer-term social change struggles as a potential area of further study.
Resolving Intra- Study Inconsistency

This paper deals with the major elements of research projects as performed within the various disciplinary divisions of the behavioral sciences and related fields. It is primarily concerned with the consistency that should obtain among these elements and employs the graphical mode of balance or consistency theories as a means of illustrating various relationships that may be found among these elements. The concept of the plausible rival hypothesis (Hp) is extended to take into account possible sources of alternative explanation existing within bodies of data related to the primary topic of research. A researcher faced with a non4rejectable null hypothesis is advised to re4review the literature and attempt to uncover alternative theory based data that might lead to just such a prediction. This prediction is, in effect, an Hp drawn from the available conceptual evidence as distinguished from an Hp attributable to errors in design or method. Examples are provided and the most complete of these illustrates a case of such inconsistency found in the topical area of research on Conformity and resolved by attention to the literature of Inter-Personal Perception.
Pragmatic Patterns in Child Syntax

This paper will begin with an examination of the role of pragmatic patterns in the syntax of two Hungarian children, Moni and Zoli, and will conclude with a comparison of these data with results form other languages. It will be necessary to consider both wordbased and pragmatic patterns, since some word combinations what appear to be pragmatic may actually be word-based. Despite various methodological difficulties involved in the study of the learning of pragmatic patterns based on expressive focusing and logical focusing (MacWhinney, 1975), these patterns are central to Hungarian syntax (Dezs ̈ø, 1972) and must somehow be learned by the child.
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition by C-Fos Estrogen Receptor Activation Involves Nuclear Translocation of β-Catenin and Upregulation of β-Catenin/Lymphoid Enhancer Binding Factor-1 Transcriptional Activity

Mouse mammary epithelial cells expressing a fusion protein of c-Fos and the estrogen receptor (FosER) formed highly polarized epithelial cell sheets in the absence of estradiol. β-Catenin and p120ctn were exclusively located at the lateral plasma membrane in a tight complex with the adherens junction protein, E-cadherin. Upon activation of FosER by estradiol addition, cells lost epithelial polarity within two days, giving rise to a uniform distribution of junctional proteins along the entire plasma membrane. Most of the β-catenin and p120ctn remained in a complex with E-cadherin at the membrane, but a minor fraction of uncomplexed cytoplasmic β-catenin increased significantly. The epithelial–mesenchymal cell conversion induced by prolonged estradiol treatment was accompanied by a complete loss of E-cadherin expression, a 70% reduction in β-catenin protein level, and a change in the expression pattern of p120ctn isoforms. In these mesenchymal cells, β-catenin and p120ctn were localized in the cytoplasm and in defined intranuclear structures. Furthermore, β-catenin colocalized with transcription factor LEF-1 in the nucleus, and coprecipitated with LEF-1–related proteins from cell extracts. Accordingly, β-catenin– dependent reporter activity was upregulated in mesenchymal cells and could be reduced by transient expression of exogenous E-cadherin. Thus, epithelial mesenchymal conversion in FosER cells may involve β-catenin signaling.
Targeting Expression with Light Using Caged DNA*

In this report, we describe the inactivation and site-specific light induction of plasmid expression using a photosensitive caging compound. Plasmids coding for luciferase were caged with 1-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrophenyl)diazoethane (DMNPE) and transfected into ∼1-cm diameter sites of the skin of rats with particle bombardment. Skin sites transfected with caged plasmids did not express luciferase. However, subsequent exposure of transfected skin sites to 355-nm laser light induced luciferase expression in proportion to the amount of light. Liposome transfection of HeLa cells with DMNPE-caged green fluorescent protein (GFP) plasmids showed similar results. Caging DNA with DMNPE blocks expression at the level of transcription, since in vitro production of mRNA from linearized GFP plasmid was also blocked by caging and subsequently restored by exposure to light. Under the reaction conditions of these experiments, our absorbance data indicate that each DMNPE-caged GFP plasmid contains ∼270 caging groups. In addition to inhibition and subsequent restoration of plasmid bioactivity, the presence and photocleavage of this relatively small number of cage groups also alters electrophoretic mobility of plasmids and optical absorption characteristics. This light-induced expression strategy provides a new means to target the expression of genetic material with spatial and temporal specificity.
Development of β-Carotene Rich Maize Hybrids through Marker-Assisted Introgression of β-carotene hydroxylase Allele

Development of vitamin A-rich cereals can help in alleviating the widespread problem of vitamin A deficiency. We report here significant enhancement of kernel β-carotene in elite maize genotypes through accelerated marker-assisted backcross breeding. A favourable allele (543 bp) of the β-carotene hydroxylase (crtRB1) gene was introgressed in the seven elite inbred parents, which were low (1.4 µg/g) in kernel β-carotene, by using a crtRB1-specific DNA marker for foreground selection. About 90% of the recurrent parent genome was recovered in the selected progenies within two backcross generations. Concentration of β-carotene among the crtRB1-introgressed inbreds varied from 8.6 to 17.5 µg/g - a maximum increase up to 12.6-fold over recurrent parent. The reconstituted hybrids developed from improved parental inbreds also showed enhanced kernel β-carotene as high as 21.7 µg/g, compared to 2.6 µg/g in the original hybrid. The reconstituted hybrids evaluated at two locations possessed similar grain yield to that of original hybrids. These β-carotene enriched high yielding hybrids can be effectively utilized in the maize biofortification programs across the globe.
Examining the effects of early abuse and the links to sexual offending

The complexities of the developmental, cognitive, and neurobiological aspects of sexual offending pose a challenge to those working with convicted sexual offenders. This thesis aims to contribute to the evidence of the links between neurobiology and the practice of mindfulness, to established theories of early abuse and sexual offending. A systematic review of the literature explored differences between sexual offenders with child or adult victims to isolate affective or neurobiological differences. The outcome suggested that neurobiological evidence should be considered as a factor. The Affective Neuroscience Personality Scale (Davis, Panksepp & Normansell, 2003; Davis & Panksepp, 2011) and the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (Feldman, Hayes, Kumar, Greeson & Laurenceau, 2007) indicated utility within this population. Affect and mindfulness did not differ significantly between the two offending groups. Mindfulness correlated positively with measures of positive affect in offenders. Both groups differed from non-offending norms on affect scales linked to social interaction and autonomy. A lack of positive affect was more notable than increased negative affect among sexual offenders. This outcome is consistent with theories of early attachment, suggesting a deficit in positive affect may provide a link to reduced social interaction, autonomy, and subsequent sexual offending.
‘Access and achievement or social exclusion?’ are the government's policies working for disabled children and their families?

The past decade has seen significant developments in policy and practice for disabled children and their families. In particular there is a new focus upon access and inclusion, with increasing awareness of the need to see disabled children and families as active partners within policy development and implementation. There is growing awareness of the implications of disability discrimination legislation across children's services and of the importance of improving arrangements for early identification and intervention to maximise disabled children's participation within mainstream services. The National Service Framework, the advent of Children's Trusts and a new Special Education Needs (SEN) Action Programme, together with the introduction of direct payments, give encouraging messages about multi-agency working and a strategic and ‘joined up’ approach to childhood disability. However, many disabled children and their families continue to experience discrimination, poverty and social exclusion. The challenge for the Government is to ensure that disabled children are ‘mainstreamed’ across all policy initiatives and to recognise the talents and ambitions of disabled children and their families in service design and implementation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Breath-Hold Paradigm to Assess Variations in Oxygen Flow in Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using a Noncontact Near-Infrared Optical Scanner.

Objective: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) occur in almost 25% of all patients with diabetes in their lifetime, with oxygen being the key limiting factor in healing. Identifying regions of compromised oxygenated flow can help clinicians cater the wound treatment process, possibly reducing wound healing time. Herein, a handheld, noncontact near-infrared optical scanner (NIROS) was developed and used to measure temporal changes in hemoglobin concentrations in response to a breath-hold (BH) paradigm. Approach: Noncontact imaging studies were carried out on DFU subjects and control subjects in response to a 20-s BH paradigm. Continuous-wave-based multiwavelength diffused reflective signals were acquired to generate effective oxy-hemoglobin, deoxy-hemoglobin, total hemoglobin, and oxygen saturation concentration maps using modified Beer-Lambert's law. Pearson's correlation analysis was carried out to determine variations in oxygen flow from hemoglobin concentration maps and the extent of variation observed in controls versus DFU subjects. Results: Temporal changes in hemoglobin concentration maps were observed in controls and DFU subjects. However, the oxygen flow in response to BH varied within 10% in all controls but significantly varied between wound and background regions in subjects with DFUs. Innovation: A method to assess variations in oxygen supply in and around DFUs was demonstrated using NIROS. This approach has potential to better cater DFU treatment process. Conclusion: Changes in all hemoglobin parameters due to 20 s of BH was observed. Pearson's analysis indicates that oxy-hemoglobin, deoxy-hemoglobin, and oxygen saturation fluctuations are synchronous in controls. In DFUs, changes are asynchronous with blood flow between the wound region and background region being significantly different.
D1-Like Receptor Antagonist Inhibits IL-17 Expression and Attenuates Crescent Formation in Nephrotoxic Serum Nephritis

Background/Aims: A dopamine type 1-like receptor (D1-like-R) expressed on dendritic cells was involved in Th17 cell differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells. Thus, we treated mice with nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NTN) with a D1-like-R antagonist to test whether Th17 cells play a role in this kidney disease. Methods: The SCH group of nephritic mice was administered with a D1-like-R antagonist, SCH23390, from day 0 to day 13. The kidney and spleen were collected at sacrifice on day 14. Glomerular pathology and CCR6+ cell infiltration were quantitatively evaluated. IL-4, IFN-γ and IL-17 mRNA levels in the kidney, and IFN-γ and IL-17 concentrations in the supernatants from splenocytes activated in vitro were measured. Results: Crescent formation had significantly developed in the positive control (PC) group of untreated, nephritic mice, which was suppressed in the SCH group. Glomerular infiltration of CCR6+ cells was also noted in the PC group, which was abolished in the SCH group. Renal IL-17 and IFN-γ mRNA levels were significantly reduced in the SCH group compared with the PC group. Additionally, in vitro activation augmented IFN-γ induction, but suppressed IL-17 induction by splenocytes from the SCH group compared with those from the PC group. Conclusion: We identified treatment with a D1-like-R antagonist inhibited IL-17 expression and attenuated crescent formation in NTN mice.
How AMPK and PKA Interplay to Regulate Mitochondrial Function and Survival in Models of Ischemia and Diabetes

Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a conserved, redox-activated master regulator of cell metabolism. In the presence of oxidative stress, AMPK promotes cytoprotection by enhancing the conservation of energy by suppressing protein translation and by stimulating autophagy. AMPK interplays with protein kinase A (PKA) to regulate oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and cell survival. AMPK and dual-specificity A-kinase anchoring protein 1 (D-AKAP1), a mitochondrial-directed scaffold of PKA, interact to regulate mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in cardiac and endothelial cells. Ischemia and diabetes, a chronic disease that increases the onset of cardiovascular diseases, suppress the cardioprotective effects of AMPK and PKA. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms by which AMPK and D-AKAP1/PKA interplay to regulate mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and signaling pathways that prime endothelial cells, cardiac cells, and neurons for cytoprotection against oxidative stress. We discuss recent literature showing how temporal dynamics and localization of activated AMPK and PKA holoenzymes play a crucial role in governing cellular bioenergetics and cell survival in models of ischemia, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Finally, we propose therapeutic strategies that tout localized PKA and AMPK signaling to reverse mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and death of neurons and cardiac and endothelial cells during ischemia and diabetes.
Higher Education, Further Education and the English Experiment

England has a two-sector system of higher education and further education. Shaped by legislation in 1988 and 1992, the architecture of this system was intended to concentrate each type of education in separate institutions and separate sectors. In recognition of these different missions, each territory came under different funding and regulatory regimes, with little or no movement of institutions anticipated between sectors.These arrangements continue,although Government policy is now to support and expand higher education in further education colleges. This policy turnaround is part of a larger strategy or experiment to change the future pattern of demand for, and supply of, undergraduate education. However, the college contribution to this new higher education is neither co-ordinated nor protected. Rather, further education colleges compete as well as collaborate with institutions in the higher education sector, under conditions of complexity, uncertainty and dependency.
From homemade to store bought: Annoying Orange and the professionalization of YouTube

This article examines the culture of YouTube in order to illustrate the way that value generated by YouTube prosumers becomes utilized by capital, while also indicating the dissolution of the boundaries between media platforms as YouTube evolves into a commercially driven medium. The development of Annoying Orange from “amateur” content to television series and cultural phenomenon exemplifies the processes, whereby everyday user-generated content on YouTube becomes fodder for corporate media.
Calculation of standing stocks and energetic requirements of the cetaceans of the northeast United States Outer Continental Shelf

This TM series is used for documentation and timely communication of preliminary results. interim reports. or special purpose information. and has not received complete formal review. editorial control. or detailed editing. iv \ \~ '''-Based on an extensive review of the Ii terature, the average body weight and the proportion of the diet ~de up of fish, squid, and zooplankton were est~ted for each ~ale and dolphin species observed by CETAP aerial surveys in the continental shelf ~ters off the northeastern U.S. The resulting body weight data were then used to calculate minim.un daily metabolic requirement and feeding rate per individual for each species. The body weight, feeding rate, and prey preference est~tes could then be canbined vnth population density and abundance est~tes fran the CETAP aerial survey data to calculate seasonal est~tes of cetacean bianass densities, standing stocks, and prey consumption for the individual CETAP sampling areas and for the northeast shelf as a ~ole '",,-The annual average standing stock of cetaceans off the northeastern U.S.'~"{bout 57,600 metric tons. Minim.un estimated annual consumption is 185,000 nIT of fish, 154,000 nIT of squid, and 26,000 nIT of zooplankton. Because of a number of negative biases, the actual consumption values are probably ten tilDes these est~tes. vmales and dolphins are therefore significant predators on the ~rine resources in the ecosystems of the region. 1 INIROXCfICN Prior to 1979, little of the research on marine ~ls off the northeast U.S. coast ~s of a quantitative nature. Vrtde reaching ship surveys provided insight into the distribution of various species, however it ~s impossible to deterntine even relative abundance fran these qualitative surveys. At a rrIDre detailed level, site-and species-specific observations in localized areas have provided information on local rrIDv~ents and residence tUnes of individuals. Finally, opportunistic sightings have been collected fran mariners, particularly for the Gulf of Maine/Georges Bank regfon. \\hile occasionally valuable, these data are often difficult to verify and impossible to quantify. As part of a need for baseline information for input to the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) decision-making process, a three-year . field study 'WaS conducted by the University of Rhode Island, under contract to the Bureau of Land Management. Data were . collected in the region between Cape Hatteras, Northeast Fisheries Center (NMFS-NEFC) conducts extensive groundfish and ichthyo/zooplankton surveys. The University of Rhode Island study (CETAP-Cetacean and Turtle Assesmnent Progrrun) consisted of four major el~ents:-a randan transect aerial survey progrrun,-a platfonns …