Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic environmental factors and hospitalization for acute bronchiolitis during infancy.

UNLABELLED Bronchiolitis is a major cause of hospitalization during infancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of socioeconomic factors on the hospitalization of infants with bronchiolitis. All infants below 1 y of age living in the city of Malmö, Sweden, and hospitalized at the University Hospital. Malmö, owing to bronchiolitis during the years 1998 and 1999 were identified. The bronchiolitis hospitalization rates (BHRs) were determined for the infants living in each of the 10 different administrative residential areas of Malmö and correlated with socioeconomic factors (percentage of immigrants, per capita income, unemployment rate and households receiving social benefit) in the respective residential areas. The severity of the disease on admission and during hospital care was assessed by comparing oxygen saturation, days with supplemental oxygen and length of stay. BHR varied more than fourfold between the 10 residential areas. BHR varied significantly with per capita income and the percentage of immigrants. Infants living in the area with the highest social burden were hospitalized almost twice as often as those from the rest of the city, but the severity of disease was similar. CONCLUSION The association between socioeconomic factors and hospitalization indicates that these factors may have a significant influence on the hospitalization rate in bronchiolitis during infancy.
Testing Factorial Invariance of the Amotivation Inventory-Physical Education Across Gender for Urban Adolescents

Lack of motivation, or amotiation, is emerging as a critical issue in high school physical education. The Amotivation Inventory-Physical Education (Shen, Winger, Li, Sun, & Rukavina, 2010) was developed to measure the multidimensional nature of amotivation construct in physical education. This study was designed to examine the consistency of the metric properties of Amotivation Inventory-Physical Education scores by evaluating their factorial structure for invariance across gender in a sample of 985 urban inner-city high school adolescents. Latent mean invariance was also tested. Results revealed that constraining factor loadings and intercepts in sequential configural, metric, and scalar invariances had no meaningful impact on model fit. However, gender might play a role in the magnitude of factor scores. Findings suggest that the four-factor structure of the Amotivation Inventory-Physical Education is a satisfactory representation of motivational deficits for urban inner-city adolescents and provide significant validity evidence for the scale scores in urban high school settings.
Personality Dispositions and Health‐related Habits and Attitudes: a Cross‐sectional Study

We examined the relations between the Big‐Five personality dimensions, Health Locus of Control, and health‐related behaviours and attitudes. We focused on the question of potential advantages of the five‐factor model as an integrated framework for personality and health research. Fifteen health habits and attitudes (including smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, a variety of dietary practices, current stressors, and attitudes toward smoking and alcohol consumption) were used to operationalize the subjects’ lifestyle. The study involved 1184 students from twelve different university schools. Although our results resembled those of other studies, we found that Conscientiousness and Agreeableness were particularly noteworthy as predictors of health behaviours and cognitive attitudes and tendencies. Our results also suggest that both factors should be included as explanatory constructs in personality–disease models that may indirectly affect disease proneness via unhealthy behaviours. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gap phenomenon in the homogenization of parabolic optimal control problems

In this paper, we study the asymptotic behaviour of a parabolic optimal control problem in a domain Ω e � R n , whose boundary ∂Ω e contains a highly oscillating part. We consider this problem with two different classes of Dirichlet boundary controls, and, as a result, we provide its asymptotic analysis with respect to the different topologies of homogenization. It is shown that the mathematical descriptions of the homogenized optimal control problems have different forms and these differences appear not only in the state equation and boundary conditions but also in the control constraints and the limit cost functional.
Social differentiation and social originality

In this article we have presented a theoretical outline and a body of empirical work relating to the processes of social differentiation and social originality. If, in a competition, someone else seems to possess a decisive advantage or if mere comparison with this other person constitutes a threat to social identity, there are signs, in given conditions, of a tendency to differentiate oneself from the other, to be different or to do something else, to invent new criteria of being or doing with others or to combine accepted criteria in an original way. In other words, one tends to give proof of originality or, to use a Darwinian metaphor, to occupy ‘vacant places’. Doubtless the strategies described here only apply to certain social systems in which the visibility of the agent is an important social value and in which comparison may pose a threat to that identity. The restoring of identity by way of the search for otherness merits the attention of social psychology. But originality is not necessarily accepted or not necessarily immediately. Innovation may take time, may necessitate the creation of schismatic groups and the waging of battles for recognition, etc. We give a brief account of observations made with regard to groups of children in summer camps, laboratory experiments and the results of surveys in the scientific and artistic communities which fit into our theoretical framework. It will not be difficult for the reader to see that this article is a first step in a direction which, in our eyes, holds out a great deal of promise.
Living with uncertainty: Attractiveness and resolution timing.

This study extends Loewenstein's (1987) notions of savoring and dread to the domain of uncertainty. Measures of attractiveness and of willingness to delay the resolution of uncertainty were obtained for 16 two-outcome gambles with expected value of $1000 and for reflected versions of the same gambles. In both sets, the correlation between the means of the two measures was almost perfect. Positively skewed gambles were most attractive, and associated with the highest tolerance for delayed resolution. A measure of willingness to pay for early resolution showed a similar pattern. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor Affects Bone Homeostasis by Regulating Osteoblast and Osteoclast Function

The uPAR and its ligand uPA are expressed by both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Their function in bone remodeling is unknown. We report that uPAR‐lacking mice display increased BMD, increased osteogenic potential of osteoblasts, decreased osteoclasts formation, and altered cytoskeletal reorganization in mature osteoclasts.
Protons Sensitize Epithelial Cells to Mesenchymal Transition

Proton radiotherapy has gained more favor among oncologists as a treatment option for localized and deep-seated tumors. In addition, protons are a major constituent of the space radiation astronauts receive during space flights. The potential for these exposures to lead to, or enhance cancer risk has not been well studied. Our objective is to study the biological effects of low energy protons on epithelial cells and its propensity to enhance transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1)-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process occurring during tumor progression and critical for invasion and metastasis. Non-transformed mink lung epithelial cells (Mv1Lu) and hTERT- immortalized human esophageal epithelial cells (EPC) were used in this study. EMT was identified by alterations in cell morphology, EMT-related gene expression changes determined using real-time PCR, and EMT changes in specific cellular markers detected by immunostaining and western blotting. Although TGFβ1 treatment alone is able to induce EMT in both Mv1Lu and EPC cells, low energy protons (5 MeV) at doses as low as 0.1 Gy can enhance TGFβ1 induced EMT. Protons alone can also induce a mild induction of EMT. SD208, a potent TGFβ Receptor 1 (TGFβR1) kinase inhibitor, can efficiently block TGFβ1/Smad signaling and attenuate EMT induction. We suggest a model for EMT after proton irradiation in normal and cancerous tissue based on our results that showed that low and high doses of protons can sensitize normal human epithelial cells to mesenchymal transition, more prominently in the presence of TGFβ1, but also in the absence of TGFβ1.
Mimicking Word Embeddings using Subword RNNs

Word embeddings improve generalization over lexical features by placing each word in a lower-dimensional space, using distributional information obtained from unlabeled data. However, the effectiveness of word embeddings for downstream NLP tasks is limited by out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words, for which embeddings do not exist. In this paper, we present MIMICK, an approach to generating OOV word embeddings compositionally, by learning a function from spellings to distributional embeddings. Unlike prior work, MIMICK does not require re-training on the original word embedding corpus; instead, learning is performed at the type level. Intrinsic and extrinsic evaluations demonstrate the power of this simple approach. On 23 languages, MIMICK improves performance over a word-based baseline for tagging part-of-speech and morphosyntactic attributes. It is competitive with (and complementary to) a supervised character-based model in low resource settings.
0 51 00 19 v 1 4 O ct 2 00 5 K → ππ from electroweak penguins in N f = 2 domain-wall QCD

bination ofNf = 2 domain-wall fermions and DBW2 gauge action. From K → π andK → 0 matrix elements on the lattice, we construct K→ ππ matrix elements at next-to-leading order in the chiral expansion by using recent analytic results. Reno rmalization factor of these matrix elements are obtained by the non-perturbative renormalizatio n technique in RI/MOM scheme. Brief discussion based on our results are made as well as a comparis on with previous works.
Practical Modeling of the Circuit Breaker ARC as a Short Line Fault Interrupter

The short-line fault interrupting ability of gas-blast circuit breakers is limited by arc energy balance processes very close to current zero. Practical calculation of the energy balance limit in a given circuit requires mathematical modeling of the arc as a circuit element. Using the combined Cassie-Mayr model, useful relations are derived for treating the limiting cases of the short-line fault both with and without capacitance shunting. Included are methods for approximate analysis and extrapolation of data from actual and simulated short-line fault tests with and without RRRV controlling resistance and capacitance shunts. In these analyses the arc is described by only two model parameters: a near-current-zero arc voltage Eo and an arc time constant 0, both definable as simple functions of the circuit di/dt. Examples are given of such analyses of high di/dt interrupting tests on actual and model SF6-blast interrupters.
A sociocultural reflection on formative assessment and collaborative challenges in the states of Jersey

Drawing upon data arising from an evaluation carried out for the Jersey educational authority, this article discusses the interaction of two professional development initiatives, formative assessment and critical skills thinking, bringing the two initiatives together from the perspective of Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT). This allows the illumination of the power relations that are embedded within assessment practice and in consequence the importance of an instructional design that addresses these elements. After giving an overview of sociocultural learning theories and contextualising the research and the two initiatives in question, the article draws on the data to suggest the overlap between the mediating tool of a ‘challenge’ and the CHAT concept of an ‘activity system’. It discusses the value of constructing a shared, collective focus (or object) for task activity; the authenticity and extended experiential nature of the task; the collaborative division of labour in the execution of the task and its assessment. Drawing upon the evaluation data, it is suggested that formative assessment might focus more strongly on extended task design, with the aim of creating spaces for student agency that is nevertheless in dialogue with curricular requirements. This also entails paying more explicit attention to the social positioning of teachers and learners, as well as amongst learners themselves, and ensuring that power relations are not glossed over in discussions of assessment regimes. In this respect the concept of an activity system seems potentially useful to teachers, not only researchers, in engaging with the complexities of designing classroom activities that support students’ critical engagement and participation in different communities of practice.
Anti-phosphorylcholine-opsonized low-density lipoprotein promotes rapid production of proinflammatory cytokines by dendritic cells and natural killer cells.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Epidemiological and animal studies suggest that periodontal infections increase atherosclerosis risk. Periodontitis patients have elevated levels of anti-phosphorylcholine (anti-PC) reactive not only with numerous periodontal organisms but also with minimally modified low-density lipoprotein (mmLDL). Dendritic cells (DCs) reside in arterial walls and accumulate in atherosclerotic lesions. The ability of anti-PC to bind mmLDL prompted the hypothesis that opsonized mmLDL would stimulate DCs and enhance the production of proinflammatory cytokines that promote atherogenic plaque development. MATERIAL AND METHODS Monocyte-derived DCs (mDCs) were generated using granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-4, then stimulated with mmLDL or with anti-PC-opsonized mmLDL. The anti-PC effect was determined using flow cytometry, cofocal microscopy and cytokine assays. The production of CD83, IL-12p35 mRNA, IL-12p40 mRNA, IL-12p70 and IL-10 by DCs was monitored. RESULTS Dendritic cells stimulated with mmLDL expressed little CD83 and produced little IL-12p70. However, anti-PC-opsonized mmLDL enhanced DC maturation, as indicated by upregulated CD83 and rapid (≤ 48 h) production of IL-12p70 if a source of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was available. In leukocyte cultures, natural killer (NK) cells rapidly produced IFN-γ (≤ 48 h) when interacting with IL-12-producing DCs activated by anti-PC-opsonized mmLDL. Moreover, IFN-γ promoted DC IL-12 responses that were further augmented when mmLDL was opsonized with anti-PC. CONCLUSION Minimally modified LDL-stimulated DCs and NK cells were mutually stimulatory, with DC IL-12p70 needed by NK cells and with NK cell IFN-γ needed by DCs. Moreover, production of these proinflammatory cytokines was markedly enhanced when LDL was opsonized by anti-PC. In short, the data suggest that the elevated anti-PC levels in periodontitis patients could promote a mechanism that facilitates atherosclerosis.
Humility: A consistent and robust predictor of generosity

Does humility predict generous motives and behaviors? Although earlier studies have suggested a positive connection, it has remained unclear whether another trait might better account for the humility/generosity link. Three studies examined associations between a self-report measure of humility, related traits, and generosity. In Study 1 (197 adults in a community sample), humility predicted greater generosity on two behavioral measures: Charitable donations and mailing back an extra survey. In Study 2 (286 undergraduates), humility predicted giving more money to an anonymous future participant. In Study 3 (217 undergraduates), humility was associated with greater self-reported motives to be kind to others, including benefactors, close others, strangers, and enemies. Across all three studies, the role of humility was not better explained by the Big Five, self-esteem, entitlement, religiosity, gratitude, or social desirability. These studies complement prior work by demonstrating that the link between humility and generosity is both consistent and robust.
Logistic Regression Tree Analysis ( In Handbook of Engineering Statistics

This chapter describes a tree-structured extension and generalization of the logistic regression method for fitting models to a binary-valued response variable. The technique overcomes a significant disadvantage of logistic regression, which is interpretability of the model in the face of multicollinearity and Simpson’s paradox. Section 1 summarizes the statistical theory underlying the logistic regression model and the estimation of its parameters. Section 2 reviews two standard approaches to model selection for logistic regression, namely, model deviance relative to its degrees of freedom and the AIC criterion. A dataset on tree damage during a severe thunderstorm is used to compare the approaches and to highlight their weaknesses. A recently published partial one-dimensional model that addresses some of the weaknesses is also reviewed. Section 3 introduces the idea of a logistic regression tree model. The latter consists of a binary tree in which a simple linear logistic regression (i.e., a linear logistic regression using a single predictor variable) is fitted to each leaf node. A split at an intermediate node is characterized by a subset of values taken by a (possibly different) predictor variable. The objective is to partition the dataset into rectangular pieces according to the values of the predictor variables such that a simple linear logistic regression model adequately fits the data in each piece. Because the tree structure and the piecewise models can be presented graphically, the whole model can be easily understood. This is illustrated with the thunderstorm dataset using the LOTUS algorithm. Section 4 describes the basic elements of the LOTUS algorithm, which is based on recursive partitioning and cost-complexity pruning. A key feature of the algorithm is a correction for bias in variable selection at the splits of the tree. Without bias correction, the splits can yield incorrect inferences. Section 5 shows an application of LOTUS to a dataset on automobile crash-tests involving dummies. This dataset is challenging because of its large size, its mix of ordered and unordered variables, and its large number missing values. It also provides a demonstration of Simpson’s paradox. The chapter concludes with some remarks in Section 6.
Validation Testing of the Rational Behavior Inventory

Two hundred twenty-two students at Michigan State University completed a questionnaire including the Rational Behavior Inventory (RBI), the Srole Anomia scale, Lane's Authoritarianism scale, a ten-item Dogmatism scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale— each of the last four scales having been described by Robinson and Shaver (1969). Students in this stratified sample were randomly selected from the student telephone directory. The validity of the RBI was examined by testing hypothesized relationships between scores on the RBI and scores on each of the other four personality measures, class standing, and age. Support for the validity of the RBI was indicated by significant associations in the predicted direction between the RBI index and each of the four personality measures. Ten of the eleven factors of the RBI were correlated significantly in the predicted direction with two or more of these personality measures. The correlations between the RBI index and age and between the RBI index and class standing of the respondents were in the predicted direction, but not statistically significant.
WORKING MEMORY IN ALZHEIMER DISEASE: A 5-YEAR SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF EMPIRICAL EVIDENCES FROM BADDELEY’S WORKING MEMORY MODEL

The Alzheimer’s disease is the most common of theneurogenerative conditions associated with dementia. Itis known as a pathological frame that comes with severalimpairments in cognitive and psychological processes.This study aimed to understand the relationship betweenAlzheimer’s disease and Working Memory impairments.We adopted Baddeley’s Working Memory Model tosystematically review if impairments in the subcomponentsof this theoretical model – phonological loop, visualsketchpad, episodic buffer and central executive – followdistinct or similar paths. The systematic review consultedMedline, Psycinfo and Scielo databases. From 329 articles,only 11 were accepted by the established criteria. Resultssuggested that episodic buffer and central executive,respectively, decline with AD severity. Phonological loopand visual sketchpad are the last of the Baddeley’s WorkingMemory Model subcomponents impaired.
Smoking cessation in pregnancy: a review of postpartum relapse prevention strategies.

OBJECTIVE Review and examine existing research, current strategies, and directions for future research on smoking cessation relapse and relapse prevention in pregnancy and postpartum. METHODS A MEDLINE/PubMed search in 2002 and 2003 for articles containing the key words "smoking," "pregnancy," "cessation," and "cessation relapse prevention" and references of retrieved papers yielded a review of more than 500 articles. Only 14 of these addressed program-based strategies to increase cessation among pregnant women through relapse prevention programs. CONCLUSION Although there is much information on the rationale and strategies for smoking cessation for pregnant women, fewer studies exist on how to prevent relapse. Maintaining and accelerating progress in cessation during pregnancy and postpartum requires more research that focuses on relapse prevention and cessation. Programs should incorporate stresses particular to postpartum women, should be part of routine health care, and should involve the woman's social support network, including her partner, to maximize effectiveness.
Identification of Phenolic Compounds and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Euphorbia Tirucalli L.

Bioactive compounds extracted from natural sources can benefit human health. The aim of this work was to determine total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in extracts of Euphorbia tirucalli L. followed by identification and quantification of the phenolic compounds, as well as their antibacterial activities. Antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH and ABTS•+ assay. Identification of phenolic compounds was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and antimicrobial activities were verified by agar dilution methods and MIC values. Total phenolic content ranged from 7.73 to 30.54 mg/100 g gallic acid equivalent. Extracts from dry plants showed higher antioxidant activities than those from fresh ones. The DPPH EC50 values were approximately 12.15 μg/mL and 16.59 μg/mL, respectively. Antioxidant activity measured by the ABTS method yielded values higher than 718.99 μM trolox/g for dry plants, while by the Rancimat® system yielded protection factors exceeding 1 for all extracts, comparable to synthetic BHT. Ferulic acid was the principal phenolic compound identified and quantified through HPLC-UV in all extracts. The extracts proved effective inhibitory potential for Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. These results showed that extracts of Euphorbia tirucalli L. have excellent antioxidant capacity and moderate antimicrobial activity. These can be attributed to the high concentration of ferulic acid.