Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genomics of Human Intracranial Aneurysm Wall

Background and Purpose— The pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) remains elusive. Most studies have focused on individual genes, or a few interrelated genes or products, at a time in human IA. However, a broad view of pathologic mechanisms has not been investigated by identifying pathogenic genes and their interaction in networks. Our study aimed to analyze global gene expression patterns in the IA wall. Methods— To our knowledge, our group was the first to perform Illumina microarray analysis on human IA via comparison of aneurysm wall and superficial temporal artery tissues from 6 consecutive patients. We adopted stringent statistical criteria to the individual genes; genes with a false discovery rate <0.01 and >2-fold change were selected as differentially expressed. To identify the overrepresented biologic pathways with the differentially expressed genes, we performed hypergeometric testing of the genes selected by relaxed criteria of P<0.01 and fold change >1.5. Results— There are 326 distinct differentially expressed genes between IA and superficial temporal artery tissues (>2-fold change) with a false discovery rate <0.01. Analysis of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways revealed the most impacted functional pathways: focal adhesion, extracellular matrix receptor interaction, and cell communication. Analysis of the Gene Ontology also supported the involvement of another 2 potentially important pathways: inflammatory response and apoptosis. Conclusions— The differentially expressed genes in the aneurysm wall may shed light on aneurysm pathobiology and provide novel targets for therapeutic intervention. These data will help generate hypotheses for future studies.
Sporulation and enterotoxin production by Clostridium perfringens type A at 37 and 43 degrees C

Enterotoxin-positive strains of Clostridium perfringens were grown in Duncan-Strong sporulation medium in the presence of 0.4% (7.9 mM) raffinose at 37 and 43 degrees C. Enterotoxin- and heat-resistant spores were produced at similar concentrations but sooner at 43 degrees C than at 37 degrees C. There was a direct relationship between spore heat resistance and sporulation temperature (32, 37, and 43 degrees C).
Integrality and the Laurent phenomenon for Somos 4 sequences

Somos 4 sequences are a family of sequences defined by a fourthorder quadratic recurrence relation with constant coefficients. For particular choices of the coefficients and the four initial data,such recurrences can yield sequences of integers. Fomin and Zelevinsky have used the theory of cluster algebras to prove that these recurrences also provide one of the simplest examples of the Laurent phenomenon: all the terms of a Somos 4 sequence are Laurent polynomials in the initial data. The integrality of certain Somos 4 sequences has previously been understood in terms of the Laurent phenomenon. However, each of the authors of this paper has independently established the precise correspondence between Somos 4 sequences and sequences of points on elliptic curves. Here we show that these sequences satisfy a stronger condition than the Laurent property, and hence establish a broad set of sufficient conditions for integrality. As a by-product, nonperiodic sequences provide infinitely many solutions of an associated quartic Diophantine equation in four variables. The analogous results for Somos 5 sequences are also presented, as well as various examples, including parameter families of Somos 4 integer sequences.
Inhibition of germline proliferation during C. elegans dauer development requires PTEN, LKB1 and AMPK signalling

In C. elegans, reduced insulin-like signalling induces developmental quiescence, reproductive delay and lifespan extension. We show here that the C. elegans orthologues of LKB1 and AMPK cooperate during conditions of reduced insulin-like signalling to establish cell cycle quiescence in the germline stem cell population, in addition to prolonging lifespan. The inactivation of either protein causes aberrant germline proliferation during diapause-like `dauer' development, whereas the loss of AMPK uncouples developmental arrest from lifespan extension. Reduced TGF-β activity also triggers developmental quiescence independent of the insulin-like pathway. Our data suggest that these two signalling pathways converge on the C. elegans PTEN orthologue to coordinate germline proliferation with somatic development during dauer formation, via the regulation of AMPK and its upstream activator LKB1, rather than through the canonical insulin-like signalling cascade. In humans, germline mutations in TGF-β family members, PTEN or LKB1 result in related tumour-predisposing syndromes. Our findings establish a developmental relationship that may underscore their shared, characteristic aetiology.
Acupuncture for Treatment of Insomnia in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Intervention Study

Objectives:To assess the efficacy of acupuncture in treating insomnia in traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors as compared to medication, to determine whether acupuncture has fewer cognitive and affective adverse effects than does medication. Participants:Twenty-four adult TBI survivors, randomized to acupuncture or control arms. Setting:Outpatient rehabilitation clinic. Measures:Insomnia Severity Index (degree of insomnia); actigraphy (sleep time); Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (depression); Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (cognitive function) administered at baseline and postintervention. Results:Sleep time did not differ between the treatment and control groups after intervention, whereas cognition improved in the former but not the latter. Conclusion:Acupuncture has a beneficial effect on perception of sleep or sleep quality and on cognition in our small sample of patients with TBI. Further studies of this treatment modality are warranted to validate these findings and to explore factors that contribute to treatment efficacy.
Bone marrow culture in aplastic anaemia

SUMMARY Blood and bone marrow granulocyte colony forming units (CFUc) were assayed in 46 patients with aplastic anaemia, and the serum was examined for its inhibitory action on normal CFUc growth. All patients showed a gross reduction in colonies and clusters in incidence and absolute number in the bone marrow and blood. Two proliferative abnormalities of CFUc in aplastic anaemia were identified: a significantly higher than normal cluster to colony ratio (P < 0.05) and a higher than normal ratio of granulocytes to total aggregates in the bone marrow. Eleven out of 34 patients tested had serum inhibitory to normal CFUc. These patients were indistinguishable from the rest on haematological and CFUc culture characteristics, and no correlation between the results of CFUc assay and haematological severity was found. The results suggest that the CFUc is abnormal in aplastic anaemia, the reduction in pool size being related to a failure of self-renewal, but an immunological role in the pathogenesis of aplastic anaemia remains unproven. The close relationship of CFUc incidence to the percentage of granulocyte precursors in the marrow, together with the failure of the CFUc assay to predict clinical severity, limits the practical use of the assay to the confirmation of diagnosis in aplastic anaemia.
Plume Characteristics of an Electrothermal Plasma Microthruster

High-resolution digital images of the expansion plume from an electrothermal capacitively coupled radio frequency (13.56 MHz) plasma microthruster were captured for argon and nitrogen discharges in lowand high-pressure operating regimes. The sheath near the thruster exit is clearly visible in all images, and the observed expansion plume features are consistent with previous experiments on electron density profiles within the discharge.
Examining Storm Asymmetries in Hurricane Irma (2017) Using Polarimetric Radar Observations

Dual‐polarization radar observations of Hurricane Irma (2017) provide new insight into the microphysical structure of a mature tropical cyclone that can be tied to the cyclone dynamics. The primary eyewall exhibited a radar signature of hydrometeor size sorting, which implied that large drops fell out near persistent upward motion in the front‐right quadrant of the storm, while smaller drops were advected downstream. In the outer rainbands, convective initiation was also preferred in the front‐right quadrant, whereas stratiform precipitation was predominant downwind. For both the primary eyewall and outer rainbands, the preferred quadrant for convective initiation was consistent with the expected kinematic asymmetry of a tropical cyclone in weak environmental wind shear but with moderate translation speed. The developing secondary eyewall exhibited a different asymmetry that indicated a stratiform‐to‐convective transition associated with heavy precipitation in the rear quadrants. This transition is consistent with hypothesized dynamical theories for secondary eyewall formation.
Carbon systematics of the Icelandic crust and mantle

In recent decades there has been an increased interest in the carbon content of Earth’s geochemical reservoirs due to the impact of atmospheric carbon on the habitability of our planet. Earth’s interior likely hosts a greater mass of carbon than that of the oceans, atmosphere and crust combined, which has buffered the carbon content of the atmosphere over geological time. Yet only a few direct measurements of carbon from the upper mantle, and none from the lower mantle, have been made. Undegassed basalts erupted at mid-ocean ridges have previously been used to estimate the carbon content of the upper mantle. However, due to the low solubility of carbon within silicate melt, these undegassed basalt suites are rare. The majority of basalts have lost their mantle carbon information en route to eruption through the crust. Various crustal processes act to modify the geochemistry of melts before eruption, therefore it is important to be able to characterise the effect of these processes to better interpret the volatile signals preserved in erupted products. Pressure, and therefore depth, is a key parameter controlling volatile solubility and can be estimated using a variety of igneous barometers. This thesis presents results from crystallisation experiments conducted on basaltic glass from the Miðfell eruption, Iceland. The experiments provide new data that has been used to test a variety of barometers and crystallisation models used by igneous petrologists, and could aid future barometer recalibration. A key part of this work was the development of an experimental method for stabilising 5 kbar conditions in a piston cylinder apparatus. The experiments have shown that clinopyroxeneliquid barometry is more reliable than multi-reaction barometry. However, knowledge of equilibrium clinopyroxene compositions is crucial for accurately determining pressure using the clinopyroxene-liquid barometer. More experiments conducted at mid-crustal pressures are required for a full recalibration of these barometers. The results of testing igneous barometers and crystallisation models have been applied to two suites of olivine-hosted melt inclusions from the Kistufell and Miðfell eruptions to help determine the melt evolution history of these basalts. These eruptions were targeted due to previously measured noble gas isotopic ratios that suggest a primordial mantle component present in their melting regions, and therefore evoking the possibility that they could hold
Vasomotion and blood flow regulation in hamster skeletal muscle microcirculation: A theoretical and experimental study.

A mathematical model of a microvasculature was used to study the effects of myogenic and flow-dependent stimuli on the characteristics of vasomotion and microvascular perfusion regulation. The model includes three branching orders of arterioles derived from in vivo observations and incorporates a mechanism for terminal arteriolar closure during vasomotion. Simulations were performed to evaluate the effect of vasodilation and vasoconstriction on vasomotion pattern, and the changes in arteriolar effective diameter and flow in response to arterial blood pressure variations triggering the regulatory mechanisms. Vasomotion patterns were studied in the hamster cutaneous muscle, visualized by fluorescent microscopy, in control conditions and after injection of acetylcholine (Ach) or NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). We have found that vasomotion may be caused by different combinations of feedback mechanisms, including a strong rate-dependent myogenic response or a strong flow-dependent mechanism with no rate-dependent response. Decreasing the rate-dependent component of the myogenic mechanism and increasing the time constant of the flow-dependent mechanism causes vessel stabilization and disappearance of vasomotion. In hamster microcirculation, Ach decreased vasomotion frequency and increased vasomotion amplitude and arteriolar effective diameter, whereas L-NMMA caused a slight increase in vasomotion frequency and decrease in effective diameter. Model simulations, under dilatory and constrictory stimuli, confirmed these results. Moreover, the model predicted that mean blood flow is maintained closer to normal despite arterial pressure changes (+/-15% flow changes versus +/-50% pressure variations) when the vessels were in nonoscillatory than when they are in oscillatory state. In conclusion, a large variety of vasomotion patterns affect arteriolar resistance and microvessel perfusion in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, in the presence of vasomotion the network exhibits a poorer aptitude for regulating blood flow during arterial pressure changes (i.e., worse autoregulation) than the nonoscillatory network.
03 07 01 8 v 4 10 D ec 2 00 3 Observation of an Exotic S = + 1 Baryon in Exclusive Photoproduction from the Deuteron

S. Stepanyan, K. Hicks, D.S. Carman, E. Pasyuk, R.A. Schumacher, E.S. Smith, D.J. Tedeschi, L. Todor, G. Adams, P. Ambrozewicz, E. Anciant, M. Anghinolfi, B. Asavapibhop, G. Audit, H. Avakian, H. Bagdasaryan, J.P. Ball, S.P. Barrow, M. Battaglieri, K. Beard, M. Bektasoglu, M. Bellis, B.L. Berman, N. Bianchi, A.S. Biselli, S. Boiarinov, S. Bouchigny, R. Bradford, D. Branford, W.J. Briscoe, W.K. Brooks, V.D. Burkert, C. Butuceanu, J.R. Calarco, B. Carnahan, S. Chen, L. Ciciani, P.L. Cole, A. Coleman, D. Cords, P. Corvisiero, D. Crabb, H. Crannell, J.P. Cummings, E. De Sanctis, P.V. Degtyarenko, H. Denizli, L. Dennis, R. De Vita, K.V. Dharmawardane, K.S. Dhuga, C. Djalali, G.E. Dodge, D. Doughty, P. Dragovitsch, M. Dugger, S. Dytman, O.P. Dzyubak, H. Egiyan, K.S. Egiyan, L. Elouadrhiri, A. Empl, P. Eugenio, R. Fatemi, R.J. Feuerbach, J. Ficenec, T.A. Forest, H. Funsten, M. Garçon, G. Gavalian, G.P. Gilfoyle, K.L. Giovanetti, C.I. O. Gordon, R. Gothe, K. Griffioen, M. Guidal, M. Guillo, L. Guo, V. Gyurjyan, C. Hadjidakis, R.S. Hakobyan, J. Hardie, ,1 D. Heddle, ,9 P. Heimberg, F.W. Hersman, R.S. Hicks, M. Holtrop, J. Hu, C.E. Hyde-Wright, M.M. Ito, D. Jenkins, K. Joo, H.G. Juengst, J.D. Kellie, M. Khandaker, K.Y. Kim, K. Kim, W. Kim, A. Klein, F.J. Klein, A.V. Klimenko, M. Klusman, M. Kossov, L.H. Kramer, Y. Kuang, V. Kubarovsky, S.E. Kuhn, J. Kuhn, J. Lachniet, D. Lawrence, J. Li, A. Lima, K. Livingston, K. Lukashin, J.J. Manak, S. McAleer, J.W. C. McNabb, B.A. Mecking, S. Mehrabyan, J.J. Melone, M.D. Mestayer, C.A. Meyer, K. Mikhailov, R. Minehart, M. Mirazita, R. Miskimen, V. Mokeev, L. Morand, S. Morrow, V. Muccifora, J. Mueller, L.Y. Murphy, G.S. Mutchler, J. Napolitano, R. Nasseripour, S. Niccolai, G. Niculescu, I. Niculescu, B.B. Niczyporuk, R.A. Niyazov, M. Nozar, J. O’Brien, G.V. O’Rielly, A.K. Opper, M. Osipenko, K. Park, G. Peterson, S.A. Philips, N. Pivnyuk, D. Pocanic, O. Pogorelko, E. Polli, S. Pozdniakov, B.M. Preedom, J.W. Price, Y. Prok, D. Protopopescu, L.M. Qin, B.A. Raue, ,1 G. Riccardi, G. Ricco, M. Ripani, B.G. Ritchie, F. Ronchetti, P. Rossi, D. Rowntree, P. Rubin, F. Sabatié, C. Salgado, J. Santoro, V. Sapunenko, V.S. Serov, Y.G. Sharabian, J. Shaw, S. Simionatto, A.V. Skabelin, L.C. Smith, D.I. Sober, I.I. Strakovsky, A. Stavinsky, P. Stoler, R. Suleiman, M. Taiuti, S. Taylor, U. Thoma, R. Thompson, C. Tur, M. Ungaro, M.F. Vineyard, A.V. Vlassov, K. Wang, L.B. Weinstein, H. Weller, D.P. Weygand, C.S. Whisnant, E. Wolin, M.H. Wood, A. Yegneswaran, J. Yun
On the comparison of uncertainty criteria for active SLAM

In this paper, we consider the computation of the D-optimality criterion as a metric for the uncertainty of a SLAM system. Properties regarding the use of this uncertainty criterion in the active SLAM context are highlighted, and comparisons against the A-optimality criterion and entropy are presented. This paper shows that contrary to what has been previously reported, the D-optimality criterion is indeed capable of giving fruitful information as a metric for the uncertainty of a robot performing SLAM. Finally, through various experiments with simulated and real robots, we support our claims and show that the use of D-opt has desirable effects in various SLAM related tasks such as active mapping and exploration.
Evaluation of glomerular and tubular renal function in neonates with birth asphyxia

Abstract Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the commonest manifestations of end-organ damage associated with birth asphyxia. Objective: To evaluate glomerular and tubular dysfunction in neonates with moderate to severe birth asphyxia. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Neonatal unit of a teaching hospital. Methods: Subjects were inborn neonates of ⩾34 completed weeks of gestation with an APGAR score <7 at 1 min after birth. Renal function tests including serum electrolytes were measured daily until 96 hrs of life along with urinary output. Fractional excretion of sodium (FeNa), renal failure index (RFI), urinary myoglobin and creatinine clearance (CrCl) were calculated using timed urine collection. Staging of AKI was undertaken using Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria (AKIN). Primary outcome measurement: Recovery of glomerular function. Results: A total of 2196 neonates were born during the study period (September 2006 to April 2007), 44 of whom met the inclusion criteria. Data from 36 neonates were available for final analysis. AKI developed in 9·1% (1/11) infants with moderate asphyxia and 56·0% (12/25) infants with severe asphyxia, making a total incidence of 41·7%. AKI persisted in 16·6% neonates at 96 hours of life. Ten neonates (27·7%) had serum creatinine levels >1·5 mg/dl. In neonates with AKI, tubular function (Fe Na, RFI, urinary myoglobin) was significantly deranged until 72–96 hrs of life. One infant died and one who was critically ill was discharged against medical advice; both had AKI. Conclusion: It is feasible to use AKIN staging for evaluating AKI in neonates with birth asphyxia.
Ocean dynamics and connectivity on the Ningaloo shelf

The shelf circulation off Ningaloo Reef near the North West Cape of Western Australia is driven by complex interactions between the relatively persistent, poleward pressuregradient driven Leeuwin Current (LC) and local wind-driven currents that episodically reverse the coastal flow equatorward. These transient wind-driven equatorward currents can generate coastal upwelling, and are thought to play a significant role in bringing cool, nutrient rich water to the surface waters off Ningaloo Reef. In this thesis, a combination of field experiments and numerical modelling are used to investigate the detailed shelf dynamics off Ningaloo Reef, in particular: (1) to characterize flow structures and transient coastal upwelling, (2) to determine the major mechanisms driving the along-shelf flow, the cross-shelf advection and the coastal cooling. A field experiment was conducted in the austral summer (Nov-Dec 2009), which included the deployment of four cross-shelf moorings in the northern region of the Ningaloo Peninsula. The observations revealed several equatorward flow reversals accompanied by cooling of the coastal waters adjacent to Ningaloo, and several transient upwelling events when the surface Ekman layer offshore transport was replenished by subsurface onshore transport. Based on these observations, we also developed and evaluated two Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS) sub-models: (1) a coarser model of north-western Australia forced by a global operational ocean model and (2) a nested fine-scale model of the Ningaloo region forced by the coarse model. The observations showed no significant reduction of upwelling velocity in the presence of the relatively strong poleward pressure gradient. Analysis of the coastal heat budget revealed that coastal cooling events were primarily driven by coastal upwelling, whereas warming of coastal waters during wind relaxation events resulted mostly from along-shelf advection of warm water from the north. As a consequence, the coastal cooling process on the Ningaloo shelf is much weaker than that of other upwelling systems. A second field experiment conducted in the austral spring (Sep-Nov 2010) included the deployment of a larger crossand along-shelf mooring array. A shelf water mass balance computed for this period revealed a seasonal onshore geostrophic flow of ~0.015 m s which, in turn, led to a strong poleward acceleration of the along-shelf flow from NW Cape to Point Cloates along the Ningaloo Peninsula. Analysis of the cross-shelf transport revealed two cross-shelf advection scenarios: 1) a transient wind-
RANK ORDERING AND POSITIVE BASES IN PATTERN SEARCH ALGORITHMS

We present two new classes of pattern search algorithms for unconstrained minimization: the rank ordered and the positive basis pattern search methods. These algorithms can nearly halve the worst case cost of an iteration compared to the classical pattern search algorithms. The rank ordered pattern search methods are based on a heuristic for approximating the direction of steepest descent, while the positive basis pattern search methods are motivated by a generalization of the geometry characteristic of the patterns of the classical methods. We describe the new classes of algorithms and present the attendant global convergence analysis.
Product retrieval for grocery stores

We introduce a grocery retrieval system that maps shopping lists written in natural language into actual products in a grocery store. We have developed the system using nine months of shopping basket data from a large Finnish supermarket. To evaluate the system, we used 70 real shopping lists gathered from customers of the supermarket. Our system achieves over 80% precision for products at rank one, and the precision is around 70% for products at rank 5.
I am my robot: The impact of robot-building and robot form on operators

As robots become more pervasive, operators will develop richer relationships with them. In a 2 (robot form: humanoid vs. car) × 2 (assembler: self vs. other) between-participants experiment (N=56), participants assembled either a humanoid or car robot. Participants then used, in the context of a game, either the robot they built or a different robot. Participants showed greater extension of their self-concept into the car robot and preferred the personality of the car robot over the humanoid robot. People showed greater self extension into a robot and preferred the personality of the robot they assembled over a robot they believed to be assembled by another. Implications for the theory and design of robots and human-robot interaction are discussed.