Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of Shallow Neural Networks by Fewest Samples

We address the uniform approximation of sums of ridge functions $\sum_{i=1}^m g_i(a_i\cdot x)$ on ${\mathbb R}^d$, representing the shallowest form of feed-forward neural network, from a small number of query samples, under mild smoothness assumptions on the functions $g_i$'s and near-orthogonality of the ridge directions $a_i$'s. The sample points are randomly generated and are universal, in the sense that the sampled queries on those points will allow the proposed recovery algorithms to perform a uniform approximation of any sum of ridge functions with high-probability. Our general approximation strategy is developed as a sequence of algorithms to perform individual sub-tasks. We first approximate the span of the ridge directions. Then we use a straightforward substitution, which reduces the dimensionality of the problem from $d$ to $m$. The core of the construction is then the approximation of ridge directions expressed in terms of rank-$1$ matrices $a_i \otimes a_i$, realized by formulating their individual identification as a suitable nonlinear program, maximizing the spectral norm of certain competitors constrained over the unit Frobenius sphere. The final step is then to approximate the functions $g_1,\dots,g_m$ by $\hat g_1,\dots,\hat g_m$. Higher order differentiation, as used in our construction, of sums of ridge functions or of their compositions, as in deeper neural network, yields a natural connection between neural network weight identification and tensor product decomposition identification. In the case of the shallowest feed-forward neural network, we show that second order differentiation and tensors of order two (i.e., matrices) suffice.
Dynamic Wireless Charging for Inspection Robots Based on Decentralized Energy Pickup Structure

To deal with the problems of charging for inspection robots in substations such as frequent charging, complex mechanical interface, and insufficient battery capacity, a dynamic wireless charging system is proposed. The structure design of energy pickup device and the indispensable positioning strategy is presented in this paper. First, the dynamic wireless charging systems based on centralized energy pickup and decentralized energy pickup (DEP) are investigated and the unified circuit model is built for two kinds of systems simultaneously. Based on the comparison of working performances, the DEP structure is selected as the pickup device in this paper. Then, the positioning scheme is realized based on imitative relaying coil structure including the DEP device and the additional sensor coil. A switching control strategy of the segmented transmitting coils is proposed further to implement the dynamic wireless charging for inspection robots. The theoretical analyses are validated by the relevant experiments.
On blow‐up and asymptotic behavior of solutions to a nonlinear parabolic equation of second order

We obtain some sufficient conditions under which solutions to a nonlinear parabolic equation of second order with nonlinear boundary conditions tend to zero or blow up in a finite time. We also give the asymptotic behavior of solutions which tend to zero as t→ ∞. Finally, we obtain the asymptotic behavior near the blow-up time of certain blow-up solutions and describe their blow-up set.
Self-Supervised Learning of Geometrically Stable Features Through Probabilistic Introspection

Self-supervision can dramatically cut back the amount of manually-labelled data required to train deep neural networks. While self-supervision has usually been considered for tasks such as image classification, in this paper we aim at extending it to geometry-oriented tasks such as semantic matching and part detection. We do so by building on several recent ideas in unsupervised landmark detection. Our approach learns dense distinctive visual descriptors from an unlabeled dataset of images using synthetic image transformations. It does so by means of a robust probabilistic formulation that can introspectively determine which image regions are likely to result in stable image matching. We show empirically that a network pre-trained in this manner requires significantly less supervision to learn semantic object parts compared to numerous pre-training alternatives. We also show that the pre-trained representation is excellent for semantic object matching.
GENOTYPING OF HUMAN PAPPILOMAVIRUS IN CERVICAL PRECANCEROUS LESION AND SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA AT DR. SOETOMO HOSPITAL, SURABAYA, INDONESIA

Background: Cervical cancer caused by human papilloma virus (HPV), is the second most common cancer for women. This cancer is distributed worldwide, with ~80% of cases are found in the developing countries. In Indonesia, data of HPV genotypes are still limited and do not represent all regions of the country. Thus, here we report genotyping of HPV samples collected from the Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya Indonesia patients, in 2013. Materials and Method: A cross sectional study was performed using 68 paraffin blocks of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cervix. Result: This study showed that HPV genotypes found in LSIL samples are HPV 16, 18, 6/33 or 68/72. Furthermore, those in HSIL are HPV 16, 18, 52, 59, 67, 6/18, 6/45, 16/67, 26/61, or 52/67, while in SCC are HPV 16, 18, 45, 52, 56, 16/18 or 16/45. Single-genotype infection, i.e. by HPV 16, 18, 45, 52, 56, 59, or 67, was observed in 86.77% (59/68) of samples, whereas multiple-genotype infections, i.e. by HPV 6/18, 6/33, 6/45, 16/18, 16/45, 16/67, 26/61, 52/67, or 68/72, was found in 13.23% (9/68) of the samples. Conclutions: The mostly HPV genotype identified in this study is HPV 16 (62.68%), then followed by HPV 18 (20.9%), HPV 45 (5.97%), 52 (5.97%), and 67 (4.48%). HPV 16 and 18 have used as vaccine, and HPV 45 has cross reaction with HPV 18, then HPV 52 and 67 should be considered as the second-generation HPV vaccines.
DNA methylation of developmental genes in pediatric medulloblastomas identified by denaturation analysis of methylation differences

DNA methylation might have a significant role in preventing normal differentiation in pediatric cancers. We used a genomewide method for detecting regions of CpG methylation on the basis of the increased melting temperature of methylated DNA, termed denaturation analysis of methylation differences (DAMD). Using the DAMD assay, we find common regions of cancer-specific methylation changes in primary medulloblastomas in critical developmental regulatory pathways, including Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Wingless (Wnt), retinoic acid receptor (RAR), and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). One of the commonly methylated loci is the PTCH1-1C promoter, a negative regulator of the Shh pathway that is methylated in both primary patient samples and human medulloblastoma cell lines. Treatment with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) increases the expression of PTCH1 and other methylated loci. Whereas genetic mutations in PTCH1 have previously been shown to lead to medulloblastoma, our study indicates that epigenetic silencing of PTCH1, and other critical developmental loci, by DNA methylation is a fundamental process of pediatric medulloblastoma formation. This finding warrants strong consideration for DNA demethylating agents in future clinical trials for children with this disease.
The n-by-T Target Discharge Strategy for Inpatient Units

Background. Ineffective inpatient discharge planning often causes discharge delays and upstream boarding. While an optimal discharge strategy that works across all units at a hospital is likely difficult to identify and implement, a strategy that provides a reasonable target to the discharge team appears feasible. Methods. We used observational and retrospective data from an inpatient trauma unit at a Level 2 trauma center in the Midwest US. Our proposed novel n-by-T strategy—discharge n patients by the Tth hour—was evaluated using a validated simulation model. Outcome measures included 2 measures: time-based (mean discharge completion and upstream boarding times) and capacity-based (increase in annual inpatient and upstream bed hours). Data from the pilot implementation of a 2-by-12 strategy at the unit was obtained and analyzed. Results. The model suggested that the 1-by-T and 2-by-T strategies could advance the mean completion times by over 1.38 and 2.72 h, respectively (for 10 AM ≤ T ≤ noon, occupancy rate = 85%); the corresponding mean boarding time reductions were nearly 11% and 15%. These strategies could increase the availability of annual inpatient and upstream bed hours by at least 2,469 and 500, respectively. At 100% occupancy rate, the hospital-favored 2-by-12 strategy reduced the mean boarding time by 26.1%. A pilot implementation of the 2-by-12 strategy at the unit corroborated with the model findings: a 1.98-h advancement in completion times (P<0.0001) and a 14.5% reduction in boarding times (P = 0.027). Conclusion. Target discharge strategies, such as the n-by-T, can help substantially reduce discharge lateness and upstream boarding, especially during high unit occupancy. To sustain implementation, necessary commitment from the unit staff and physicians is vital, and may require some training.
Long‐term results of the lateral resurfacing elbow arthroplasty

Aim The aim of this study was to report the long‐term outcome and implant survival of the lateral resurfacing elbow (LRE) arthroplasty in the treatment of elbow arthritis. Patients and Methods We reviewed a consecutive series of 27 patients (30 elbows) who underwent LRE arthroplasty between December 2005 and January 2008. There were 15 women and 12 men, with a mean age of 61 years (25 to 82). The diagnosis was primary hypotrophic osteoarthritis (OA) in 12 patients (14 elbows), post‐traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) in five (five elbows) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in ten patients (11 elbows). The mean clinical outcome scores including the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons elbow score (ASES‐e), the mean range of movement and the radiological outcome were recorded at three, six and 12 months and at a mean final followup of 8.3 years (7.3 to 9.4). A one sample t‐test comparing pre and postoperative values, and survival analysis using the Kaplan‐Meier method were undertaken. Results A statistically significantly increased outcome score was noted for the whole group at each time interval. This was also significantly increased at each time in each of the subgroups (OA, RA, and PTOA). Implant survivorship was 100%. Conclusion We found that the LRE arthroplasty, which was initially developed for younger patients with osteoarthritis, is an effective form of surgical treatment for a wider range of patients with more severe degenerative changes, irrespective of their cause. It is therefore a satisfactory alternative to total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) and has lower rates of complications in the subgroups of patients we have studied. It does not require activities to be restricted to the same extent as following TEA. Based on this experience, we now recommend LRE arthroplasty rather than TEA as the primary form of implant for the treatment of patients with OA of the elbow.
Sensing voltage compensation circuit for low-power dram bit-line sense amplifier

As the DRAM process technology scales down, the offset voltage caused by the VTH mismatch between the Latch Transistors of Bit-Line Sense Amplifier (BLSA) tends to increase further. This offset voltage eventually leads to a data read failure by reducing the sensing voltage. To solve this problem, various types of offset cancellation BLSA have been studied. In addition to the offset voltage, the sensing noise between adjacent bit lines is another major cause of reduced sensing voltage. The solution to this problem is also necessary as the minimum feature size of the DRAM cell decreases. In this paper, we propose a Sensing Voltage Compensation (SVC) circuit for DRAM BLSA that can solve both problems simultaneously.
Joint Optimization of Energy Consumption and Packet Scheduling for Mobile Edge Computing in Cyber-Physical Networks

Due to advances in Internet of Things technologies, mobile devices have become an inseparable part of human life. The limited executing capabilities of mobile devices along with constrained energy remain as barriers in front of this expectation. To address these challenges, mobile edge computing (MEC) is considered as a promising computing model to offer computing ability to mobile users in fifth-generation networks. In this paper, we jointly create an optimization problem to minimize the combination of energy cost and packet congestion. By adopting a promoted-by-probability scheme, we efficiently control packet congestion of different priority packets transmitted to MEC. An improved krill herd metaheuristic optimization algorithm is presented to obtain optimal results for minimizing the total overhead of MEC in terms of energy consumption and queuing congestion. The evaluation study demonstrates that our proposal performs efficiently in terms of energy consumption and execution delay.
Estimating Moisture Sensitivity of Warm Mix Asphalt Modified with Zycosoil as an Antistrip Agent Using Surface Free Energy Method

AbstractWith increasing interest in the use of warm mix asphalt (WMA) in the paving industry, more studies in this field for improvement of WMA properties seem to be necessary. In past decade, several studies focusing on use of Sasobit and asphamin as warm additives in asphalt mixtures have been conducted; however, the effects of these additives on moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixture are still not fully understood. In this study, the moisture susceptibility of WMA evaluated with and without a new nanotechnology material as antistrip additive (namely Zycosoil) by determining the micromechanisms that affect the adhesion bond between the aggregate and asphalt binder and the cohesion strength of the asphalt binder using the surface free energy (SFE) concept and laboratory testing analysis. Indeed, the primary goal of this research was to decrease the moisture damage in WMA. Two types of aggregates, limestone and granite, and two types of WMA additives, namely Sasobit and aspha-min, in addition to as Zy.
Friendship Networks and Political Opinions: A Natural Experiment among Future French Politicians

We study how friendship shapes students' political opinions in a natural experiment. We use the indicator whether two students were exogenously assigned to a short-term "integration group", unrelated to scholar activities and dissolved before the school year, as instrumental variable for their friendship, to estimate the effect of friendship on pairwise political opinion outcomes in dyadic regressions. After six months, friendship causes a reduction of differences in opinions by one quarter of the mean difference. It likely works through a homophily-enforced mechanism, by which friendship causes politically-similar students to join political associations together, which reinforces their political similarity. The effect is strong among initially similar pairs, but absent in dissimilar pairs. Friendship affects opinion gaps by reducing divergence, therefore polarization and extremism, without forcing individuals' views to converge. Network characteristics also matter to the friendship effect.
Maxillofacial Fractures in Makka City in Saudi Arabia; an 8-year Review of Practice

Objective: to review the practice of maxillofacial trauma surgery in Makka city, Saudi Arabia, as road traffic accidents is considered a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the kingdom. Materials and methods: a chart review of all the maxillofacial trauma cases that visited the major hospital in the city, Alnoor specialist hospital (NSH), from October 2005 to October 2013 was collected. A total of 1132 patients’ records were retrieved. Amongst, 965 maxillofacial injuries were included in the study as completed information was found. Charts of incomplete records, soft tissue injuries only, or solitary dental injury were excluded. Then, pertinent information such as age, gender, residence status, and fracture pattern were extracted, tabulated, and correlated. Results: it was presented that males were affected four times more than females (ratio of 4.4:1), of an age ranged from 3 years old to 97 with a mean of 51 years old, and patients of 1 to 16 years old counting 135 cases (11.9%), while the age between 17 – 45 years counting 856 (75.7%), and the age 46 – 97 counting 139 (12.3%). The majority of injuries was involving the lower facial third (mandible) by 523 cases (54.19%), then the middle third that include Zygomatic maxillary complex (ZMC) by 399 cases (41.3%; p=0.006), orbital floor by 25 cases (2.5%), and upper third (nasal, ethmoid, orbital, and frontal bar) fractures of 18 cases (1.8%). The ratio of Saudi patients to non Saudi was found to be 1.89:1. Conclusion: The maxillofacial injuries in Makka city are mainly affecting male patients aged between 17-45 years old with the mandible and middle face fractures being most commonly injured respectively.
Impacts of global, regional, and sectoral black carbon emission reductions on surface air quality and human mortality

Abstract. As a component of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), black carbon (BC) is associated with premature human mortality. BC also affects climate by absorbing solar radiation and reducing planetary albedo. Several studies have examined the climate impacts of BC emissions, but the associated health impacts have been studied less extensively. Here, we examine the surface PM 2.5 and premature mortality impacts of halving anthropogenic BC emissions globally and individually from eight world regions and three major economic sectors. We use a global chemical transport model, MOZART-4, to simulate PM 2.5 concentrations and a health impact function to calculate premature cardiopulmonary and lung cancer deaths. We estimate that halving global anthropogenic BC emissions reduces outdoor population-weighted average PM 2.5 by 542 ng m −3 (1.8 %) and avoids 157 000 (95 % confidence interval, 120 000–194 000) annual premature deaths globally, with the vast majority occurring within the source region. Most of these avoided deaths can be achieved by halving emissions in East Asia (China; 54 %), followed by South Asia (India; 31 %), however South Asian emissions have 50 % greater mortality impacts per unit BC emitted than East Asian emissions. Globally, halving residential, industrial, and transportation emissions contributes 47 %, 35 %, and 15 % to the avoided deaths from halving all anthropogenic BC emissions. These contributions are 1.2, 1.2, and 0.6 times each sector's portion of global BC emissions, owing to the degree of co-location with population globally. We find that reducing BC emissions increases regional SO 4 concentrations by up to 28 % of the magnitude of the regional BC concentration reductions, due to reduced absorption of radiation that drives photochemistry. Impacts of residential BC emissions are likely underestimated since indoor PM 2.5 exposure is excluded. We estimate ∼8 times more avoided deaths when BC and organic carbon (OC) emissions are halved together, suggesting that these results greatly underestimate the full air pollution-related mortality benefits of BC mitigation strategies which generally decrease both BC and OC. The choice of concentration-response factor and health effect thresholds affects estimated global avoided deaths by as much as 56 % but does not strongly affect the regional distribution. Confidence in our results would be strengthened by reducing uncertainties in emissions, model parameterization of aerosol processes, grid resolution, and PM 2.5 concentration-mortality relationships globally.
Socially and Environmentally Responsible Value Chain Innovations: New Operations Management Research Opportunities

By examining the state of operations management (OM) research from 1980 to 2015 and by considering three new industry trends, we propose new OM research directions in socially and environmentally responsible value chains that fundamentally expand existing OM research in three dimensions: (a) contexts (emerging and developing economies); (b) objectives (economic, environmental, and social responsibility); and (c) stakeholders (producers, consumers, shareholders, for-profit/nonprofit/social enterprises, governments, and nongovernmental organizations). In this paper, we describe some examples of this new research direction that are intended to stimulate more exciting OM research, to contribute to the economic and social well-being of both developing and developed economies. This paper was accepted by Teck-Hua Ho, operations management.
Heart rate-reducing therapy with add-on ivabradine and bisoprolol before coronary computed tomographic angiography in a fast-track ambulatory setting

Objective This study was performed to determine whether add-on oral ivabradine in patients treated with beta blockers 1 hour before coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) is effective in lowering the heart rate and thus improving CCTA quality. Methods In this single-center cohort study, the data of 294 patients referred for ambulant CCTA were retrospectively screened. Patients with an initial heart rate of ≥75 bpm (n = 112) were pretreated with either a combination of bisoprolol and ivabradine or with bisoprolol alone. Results During the scan, there was no difference in heart rate between the two groups Likewise, there was no significant difference in additionally administered intravenous bradycardic agents, the number of motion artifacts, or the radiation dose. Both drug regimens were tolerated well. Conclusion Additive oral ivabradine 1 hour before CCTA does not result in a further reduction of the heart rate. Consequently, neither movement artifacts nor radiation dose can be reduced. Therefore, pretreatment with ivabradine does not seem reasonably appropriate in an outpatient clinical setting with short patient contact.
Two-year outcome of coping skills training, group support and information for spouses of alcoholics: a randomized controlled trial.

AIM To evaluate three different intervention programmes for spouses of alcoholics. METHODS 39 spouses of alcoholics (36 women and 3 men) with an average age of 47 years (ranging from 23 to 60 years) were randomly assigned to one of the three interventions: Coping Skills Training, Group Support, and Information. Follow-up interviews were conducted 12 and 24 months after completing the programme. Coping Behaviour Scale, Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), Hardship Scale and AUDIT at admission and at follow-up were compared. 38 of the 39 spouses completed the 24-month follow-up examination. RESULTS Improvements of coping behaviour, psychiatric symptoms and hardship noted at the 12-month follow-up examination were still evident in all groups at the 24-month follow-up examination. The three groups scored similarly at 24 months on the four scales. CONCLUSIONS A post hoc examination of subjects with SCL-90 scores above general population means, showed less improvement in the Information group than the two therapy groups combined (P < 0.05).