Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Dairy Product Market Participation of the Rural Households: The Case of Adaberga District in West Shewa Zone of Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia

Ethiopia is believed to have the largest Livestock population in Africa. Dairy has been identified as a priority area for the Ethiopian government, which aims to increase Ethiopian milk production at an average annual growth rate of 15.5% during the GTP II period (2015-2020), from 5,304 million litters to 9,418 million litters. This study was carried out to assess determinants of dairy product market participation of the rural households in the case of Adaberga district in West Shewa zone of Oromia national regional state, Ethiopia. The study took a random sample of 120 dairy producer households by using multi-stage sampling procedure and employing a probability proportional to sample size sampling technique. For the individual producer, the decision to participate or not to participate in dairy production was formulated as binary choice probit model to identify factors that determine dairy product market participation. Probit estimation showed that dairy product market participation decision was significantly and positively affected by age, education level, land ownership, adopting dairy technology and access to market information of households. The implication is that there was a requirement of the above mentioned elements which in turn increases level of dairy production highly. Therefore, local government should introduce integrated dairy sector into the area as well as enhances quality and standard control market information. Citation: Gemeda DI, Geleta FT, Gesese SA (2018) Determinants of Dairy Product Market Participation of the Rural Households’ The Case of Adaberga District in West Shewa Zone of Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia. J Bus Fin Aff 7: 362. doi: 10.4172/2167-0234.1000362
Derived categories of coherent sheaves

We discuss derived categories of coherent sheaves on algebraic varieties. We focus on the case of non-singular Calabi-Yau varieties and consider two unsolved problems: proving that birational varieties have equivalent derived categories, and computing the group of derived autoequivalences. We also introduce the space of stability conditions on a triangulated category and explain its relevance to these two problems.
Friction weakening in granular flows deduced from seismic records at the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat

Accurate modeling of rockfalls and pyroclastic flows is still an open issue, partly due to a lack of measurements related to their dynamics. Using seismic data from the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, and granular flow modeling, we show that the power laws relating the seismic energy Es to the seismic duration ts and relating the loss of potential energy ΔEp to the flow duration tf are very similar, like the power laws observed at Piton de la Fournaise, Reunion Island. Observations showing that tf≃ts suggest a constant ratio Es/ΔEp≃10−5. This similarity in these two power laws can be obtained only when the granular flow model uses a friction coefficient that decreases with the volume transported. Furthermore, with this volume‐dependent friction coefficient, the simulated force applied by the flow to the ground correlates well with the seismic energy, highlighting the signature of this friction weakening effect in seismic data.
GEOMETRIC ICA USING NONLINEAR CORRELATION AND MDS

We describe a method of visualising geometrically the dependency structure of a distributed representation. The mutual information between each pair of components is estimated using a nonlinear correlation coecient, in terms of which a distance measure is dened. Multidimensional scaling is then used to generate a spatial conguration that reproduces these distances, the end result being a spatial representation of the dependency between the components, from which an appropriate topology for the representation may be inferred. The method is applied to ICA representations of speech and music.
Experience with the Gold Weight and Palpebral Spring in the Management of Paralytic Lagophthalmos

Background: The loss of the blink reflex and the ability to close the eye actively are disabling functional and aesthetic impairments common to patients with facial paralysis. Nonphysiologic (static) management techniques involve implantation of devices in the upper eyelid that mechanically aid eye closure. The most popular devices are the gold weight and the palpebral spring. The authors' experience with these devices is presented. Methods: Thirty-nine patients treated for paralytic lagophthalmos by the senior author (J.K.T.) between 1987 and 2002 met the inclusion criteria. Eighteen patients received the gold weight and 21 received the palpebral spring. From standardized video records, preoperative and postoperative blink scores were calculated. Results: Fifty-nine percent of the patients (23 of 39) were female, and the most common cause for facial paralysis [35.9 percent (14 of 39)] was extirpation of acoustic neuroma and other cerebellopontine lesions. Fifty percent of the gold weight cohort was younger than 20 years at the time of surgery, with almost 40 percent (seven of 18) younger than 10 years. In the palpebral spring group, 14.3 percent (three of 21) were younger than 20 years, with 4.8 percent (one of 21) younger than 10 years. The palpebral spring group obtained a larger postoperative mean blink score of 34.0 ± 12.4 percent compared with the gain of 21.4 ± 14.6 percent (p = 0.025) by the gold weight group. Conclusion: The gold weight and palpebral spring are both effective in restoring motion to the paretic upper eyelid, but the palpebral spring is more so despite the frequent need for revisions.
Naturally occurring changes in women's drinking from high school to college and implications for sexual victimization.

OBJECTIVE The current study examined the natural trajectories of alcohol use among women as they transitioned from high school to college, considering changes in drinking for students at initially different levels of drinking. We examined the hypothesis that the association between college drinking and sexual victimization would be stronger for women with less high school drinking experience. METHOD Female, college-bound, high school seniors were recruited from the community at the time of graduation (N = 437). Alcohol consumption and sexual victimization were assessed at the time of high school graduation (Time 0 [T0]) and at the end of the first (T1) and second (T2) semesters of college. RESULTS Abstainers and light drinkers increased alcohol consumption from T0 to T1; however, consumption by those already engaging in heavy episodic drinking remained stable. Consumption did not increase for any group from T1 to T2. As expected, maximum consumption in college was strongly associated with experiencing incapacitated rape or other sexual victimization during the same semester; however, prior drinking experience did not moderate the relationship. CONCLUSIONS Occasions of heavy drinking in college are a significant risk factor for sexual victimization for both experienced and inexperienced drinkers. Findings point toward universal prevention, ideally before college entry, as a strategy for reducing heavy episodic drinking and hence, college sexual victimization.
Experiences at the time of diagnosis of parents who have a child with a bone dysplasia resulting in short stature

Many studies have shown that, for families who are given the diagnosis of a disability, satisfaction with disclosure is an important element. Information given and the attitudes of the disclosing health professionals during this critical period have a significant effect on the coping and adaptation of the family. While most studies dealt with conditions involving intellectual disability or cancer, this study was conducted to explore parents' experience of being told that their child had a condition, such as a bone dysplasia, that would result in significant short stature. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 11 families who had children diagnosed with a bone dysplasia, specifically, achondroplasia (n = 9) and pseudoachondroplasia (n = 2). Families were recruited through the Bone Dysplasia Clinic at the Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia and via contact with the Short Statured People's Association of Victoria. Parents were asked about how they were told of their child's diagnosis, how they would have preferred to have been told, and what would have made the experience less distressing for them. Transcripts of the interviews were analyzed, and major themes were identified relating to the parents' experiences. Our data suggest that the manner in which the diagnosis is conveyed to the parents plays a significant role in their adjustment and acceptance. Provision of written information relating to the condition, possible medical complications, positive outlook for their child's future, and how to find social services and supports were some of the most significant issues for the parents. The multidisciplinary approach of the Bone Dysplasia Clinic was important to parents in the continued management of the families. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interference Alignment Using Finite and Dependent Channel Extensions: The Single Beam Case

Vector space interference alignment (IA) is known to achieve high degrees of freedom (DoFs) with infiniteindependent channel extensions, but its performance is largely unknown for a finite number of possibly dependent channel extensions. In this paper, we consider a K-user Mt x Mr MIMO interference channel (IC) with an arbitrary number of channel extensions T and arbitrary channel diversity order L (i.e., each channel matrix is a generic linear combination of L fixed basis matrices). We study the maximum DoF achievable via vector space IA in the single beam case (i.e., each user sends one data stream). We prove that the total number of users K that can communicate interference free using linear transceivers is upper bounded by NL + N2/4, where N = min{MtT, MrT}. An immediate consequence of this upper bound is that for a Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) IC the DoF in the single beam case is no more than min { √5/4K, L + 1/4T}. When the channel extensions are independent, i.e., L achieves the maximum Mr Mt T, we show that this maximum DoF lies in [Mr + Mt - 1, Mr + Mt] regardless of T. Unlike the well-studied constant MIMO IC case, the main difficulty is how to deal with a hybrid system of equation (zero-forcing condition) and inequalities (full rank condition). Our approach combines algebraic tools that deal with equations with an induction analysis that indirectly considers the inequalities.
Writer Style Adaptation in Online Handwriting Recognizers by a Fuzzy Mechanism Approach: the Adapt Method

This study presents an automatic online adaptation mechanism to the handwriting style of a writer for the recognition of isolated handwritten characters. The classifier we use here is based on a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) similar to those we have designed for handwriting recognition. In this FIS each premise rule is composed of a fuzzy prototype which represents intrinsic properties of a class. Furthermore, the conclusion part of rules associates a score to the prototype for each class. The adaptation mechanism affects both the conclusions of the rules and the fuzzy prototypes by recentering and reshaping them thanks to a new approach called ADAPT inspired by the Learning Vector Quantization. Thus the FIS is automatically fitted to the handwriting style of the writer that currently uses the system. Our adaptation mechanism is compared with well known adaptation techniques. The tests were based on eight different writers and the results illustrate the benefits of the method in terms of error rate reduction (86% in average). This allows such kind of simple classifiers to achieve up to 98.4% of recognition accuracy on the 26 Latin letters in a writer dependent context.
Hematogones Detection in Hematological Malignancies and Bone Marrow Transplantation

Hematogones (HGs, normal B-lymphocyte precursors) were first described in 1937 by Peter Vogel as “lymphoid-appearing cells” in bone marrow aspirates from children. HGs in Latin mean “blood-maker”. The function and significance of these cells remained unclear till the 1970s when flow cytometry was used to identify them. HGs may be particularly prominent in the regeneration phase following chemo-therapy or bone marrow transplantation. Moreover, Increased HGs may cause misinterpreted because they share morphologic features with neoplastic lymphoblasts. In this review, we tried to focus on current morphologic and immunophenotypical characterization of HGs and their clinical significance as diagnostic and prognostic tool in predicting patient outcomes. We have examined several studies to evaluate risk ratio of HGs level at certain cut off limit which has been proposed in majority of studies. Out of 21 studies which included 1150 patients with different hematological malignancies and bone marrow failure syndromes and 590 post transplantation patients. We report how HGs detection would help in diagnosis and predict outcome in bone marrow transplantation patients
Distribution of Myosin Isozymes within Single Cardiac Cells: An Immunohistochemical Study

Isozymes of myosin have been localized with respect to individual cardiac myocytes in hearts from 3-week-old, adult controls, and adult hypophysectomized rats, and in cultured cardiac cells. For this purpose, affinity-purified antibodies reacting specifically with the heavy chains of each of the two major myosin isozymes of adult rat heart, Vl and V3, were used. The distribution of the two isomyosins was determined by double immuno-labeling of the same cell, Vl myosins being revealed by rhodamine and V3 myosins by fluorescein. A procedure is described which allows optimum immunological visualization of the myosin filaments of rod-shaped isolated myocytes. It was found that the response of the cardiac cells to the two antimyosins varied depending on the state of the animal. In 3-week-old rats, all cells were stained with the anti-Vl, and almost none with the anti-V3 myosin. In the hypophysectomized animals, on the contrary, all cells were stained with the anti-V3 and none with the anti-Vl. A mixed pattern of reactivity was observed in adult controls since 50% of the cells reacted with the anti-Vl, 10% with the anti-V3, and 40% with both antibodies. In the latter case, the distributions of Vl and V3 reactivities were homogeneous throughout the cell, and absolutely superimposable. The same double reactivity and homogeneous repartition were observed in cultured cells. These findings indicate that myocytes from adult rat myocardium are heterogeneous in terms of their isomyosins content and show for the first time that two isomyosins can coexist and be equally distributed in one cardiac cell. These observations are relevant to the regulation of individual heart cell contractility.
Modelling the Multispecies Fishery of Chwaka Bay, Zanzibar - Basis for Exploration of Use and Conservation Scenarios

i Abstract Small-scale fisheries are essential livelihood providers for coastal communities in developing countries and are often their prime protein supplier. Particularly in the Western Indian Ocean, the dependency on small-scale fisheries is very high. Perceived decreases in individual catches and the use of destructive gears and small mesh sizes has led to concerns for an unsustainable use of fisheries resources in many coastal areas throughout the Western Indian Ocean. This, together with the importance of small-scale fisheries for food-security in the region, makes their management of primary importance. However, the lack of knowledge on the state and dynamic of fisheries strongly impedes the potential for the development of proper management plans. This situation is very prevalent in the semi-autonomous island state Zanzibar (Tanzania) and, in particular, in Chwaka Bay, located on the east coast of the island. The bay’s resources are believed to show serious signs of overfishing. Particularly the increasing use of the destructive dragnets has led to resource concerns and to strong conflicts between fishermen. Despite several management attempts, this situation has not changed over the last two decades. The aim of the present dissertation is, therefore, to assess the status of Chwaka Bay’s ecosystem and its fishery, as well as to evaluate different potential use scenarios for sustainable fisheries management. Furthermore, using Chwaka Bay as a reference site, the dissertation aims at approaching the answer to the question of the sustainability of Zanzibar’s nearshore fisheries. The approach used in this dissertation is twofold: 1) length-based stock assessments were conducted for six of the main target species (i.e. Siganus sutor, Lethrinus lentjan, Lethrinus borbonicus, Lutjanus fulviflamma, Leptoscarus vaigiensis and Scarus ghobban) to evaluate their current exploitation status in relation to safe biological limits and to estimate fishing mortality as well as biomass across the different length-classes; and 2) a trophic flow model of the bay was constructed using Ecopath with Ecosim/Ecospace to describe the current state and flow structure of the system to evaluate overall and gear-specific fishing impacts on the ecosystem and the fishing community and to simulate potential management scenarios. The data used in both approaches were collected through an extensive field survey conducted over an annual cycle in 2014. These data include 1) information on gear-specific catch composition, catch weight and fishing effort; 2) the length frequency distributions of the six key species; and 3) cost-related information (e.g. fuel and gear costs). A review of the literature about the state of Zanzibar’s fisheries reveals that no fisheries assessments have been conducted after 2000. Analyses of the annual reported landings
Toward an Experimental Ecology of Human Development.

A broader approach to research in hu- j man development is proposed that focuses on the pro- \ gressive accommodation, throughout the life span, between the growing human organism and the changing environments in which it actually lives and grows. \ The latter include not only the immediate settings containing the developing person but also the larger social contexts, both formal and informal, in which these settings are embedded. In terms of method, the approach emphasizes the use of rigorousj^d^igned exp_erjments, both naturalistic and contrived, beginning in the early stages of the research process. The chang- ing relation between person and environment is con- ceived in systems terms. These systems properties are set forth in a series of propositions, each illus- trated by concrete research examples.
Effects of volcanic eruption source parameters on radiative forcing and sulfate deposition

Explosive volcanic eruptions can inject sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the stratosphere, which forms stratospheric sulfate aerosol that can significantly impact the climate. The radiative forcing of an eruption depends on several eruption source parameters: the mass of SO2 emitted, the latitude and the emission height. However, the combined effects of these parameters are not well understood. Reconstructions of historic volcanic radiative forcing, which are essential for understanding the role of volcanism on climate variability, are derived from ice core sulfate records, but rely on relationships between ice sheet deposition, stratospheric aerosol burdens and radiative forcing from limited observations. The aim of this thesis is to understand the impact of explosive volcanic eruptions on radiative forcing and volcanic sulfate deposition. The role of individual and combined eruption source parameters are comprehensively investigated using interactive stratospheric aerosol models, perturbed parameter ensembles and statistical emulation. The results demonstrate that radiative forcing is primarily determined by the SO2 emission magnitude, is stronger for tropical eruptions and has a greater dependency on the injection height if the eruption is tropical. The ice sheet deposition is relatively independent of the injection height. The results reveal complex combined effects of the eruption parameters and illustrate the importance of explicitly simulating aerosol microphysical processes to determine aerosol mass, size and lifetime. A wide range of eruption-realisations is found that produce ice sheet deposition that is consistent with ice-core-derived estimates for historic eruptions in the last 2500 years. These eruptions have a range in time-integrated radiative forcing (> ~300 MJ m-2) that is not considered in reconstructions. Sulfate deposition differs considerably between models for the 1815 eruption of Mt. Tambora. The results suggest there is a large uncertainty in radiative forcing derived from ice cores. Consequently, the efficacy of volcanic radiative forcing derived from previous reconstructions may be incorrect.
Portability Issues for Speech Recognition Technologies

Although there has been regular improvement in speech recognition technology over the past decade, speech recognition is far from being a solved problem. Most recognition systems are tuned to a particular task and porting the system to a new task (or language) still requires substantial investment of time and money, as well as expertise. Todays state-of-the-art systems rely on the availability of large amounts of manually transcribed data for acoustic model training and large normalized text corpora for language model training. Obtaining such data is both time-consuming and expensive, requiring trained human annotators with substantial amounts of supervision.In this paper we address issues in speech recognizer portability and activities aimed at developing generic core speech recognition technology, in order to reduce the manual effort required for system development. Three main axes are pursued: assessing the genericity of wide domain models by evaluating performance under several tasks; investigating techniques for lightly supervised acoustic model training; and exploring transparent methods for adapting generic models to a specific task so as to achieve a higher degree of genericity.
Prevention and Management of Calcaneal Apophysitis in Children: An Overuse Syndrome

Calcaneal apophysitis (Sever disease) is a common cause of heel pain, particularly in the athletically active child. Eighty-five children (137 heels) with calcaneal apophysitis were reviewed. Both heels were affected in 52 (61%) patients. The most common associated foot condition was pronation, occurring in 16 patients. Sixty-eight patients complained that pain was made worse by a specific sport, with soccer leading the list. All patients were treated with a physical therapy program of lower extremity stretching, especially of the heel cords, and ankle dorsiflexion strengthening. Soft Plastizote orthotics or heel cups were used in 98% of patients. Proper athletic shoewear was advised. All patients improved and were able to return to their sport of choice 2 months after the diagnosis. There were two recurrences.