Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prostate Cancer Metastasis to Bone Use of the Stromal Cell-derived Factor-1 / CXCR 4 Pathway in Updated Version

Neoplasms have a striking tendency to metastasize or “home” to bone. Hematopoietic cells also home to bone during embryonic development, where evidence points to the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1 or CXCL12; expressed by osteoblasts and endothelial cells) and its receptor (CXCR4) as key elements in these processes. We hypothesized that metastatic prostate carcinomas also use the SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway to localize to the bone. To test this, levels of CXCR4 expression were determined for several human prostate cancer cell lines by reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting. Positive results were obtained for cell lines derived from malignancies that had spread to bone and marrow. Prostate cancer cells were also observed migrating across bone marrow endothelial cell monolayers in response to SDF-1. In in vitro adhesion assays, pretreatment of the prostate cancer cells with SDF-1 significantly increased their adhesion to osteosarcomas and endothelial cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Invasion of the cancer cell lines through basement membranes was also supported by SDF-1 and inhibited by antibody to CXCR4. Collectively, these results suggest that prostate cancers and perhaps other neoplasms may use the SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway to spread to bone.
SCANNING FOR VISUAL TRAFFIC : AN EYE TRACKING STUDY

The FAA and various safety organizations recommend a specific, systematic out the window (OTW) visual scanning pattern for pilots to see and avoid other aircraft. Little research has been published on how effectively pilots actually scan. In our study, pilots fly VFR scenarios in a general aviation flight training device (GAFTD) equipped with head and eye tracking equipment. This paper describes methods for analyzing eye-tracking data and presents preliminary results of pilots’ OTW scanning performance.
Irrational Multitasker Choice in Multitasking: How Delays in the Primary Task Turn a Rational Into an

Objective: The objective was to establish the nature of choice in cognitive multitasking. Background: Laboratory studies of multitask-ing suggest people are rational in their switch choices regarding multitasking, whereas observational studies suggest they are not. Threaded cognition theory predicts that switching is opportunistic and depends on availability of cognitive resources. Method: A total of 21 participants answered e-mails by looking up information (similar to customer service employees) while being interrupted by chat messages. They were free to choose when to switch to the chat message. We analyzed the switching behavior and the time they needed to complete the primary mail task. Results: When participants are faced with a delay in the e-mail task, they switch more often to the chat task at high-workload points. Choosing to switch to the secondary task instead of waiting makes them slower. It also makes them forget the information in the e-mail task half of the time, which slows them down even more. Conclusion: When many cognitive resources are available, the probability of switching from one task to another is high. This does not necessarily lead to optimal switching behavior. Application: Potential applications of this research include the minimization of delays in task design and the inability or discouragement of switching in high-workload moments.
Ubiquitous GFP expression in transgenic chickens using a lentiviral vector

We report the first ubiquitous green fluorescent protein expression in chicks using a lentiviral vector approach, with eGFP under the control of the phosphoglycerol kinase promoter. Several demonstrations of germline transmission in chicks have been reported previously, using markers that produce tissue-specific, but not ubiquitous, expression. Using embryos sired by a heterozygous male, we demonstrate germline transmission in the embryonic tissue that expresses eGFP uniformly, and that can be used in tissue transplants and processed by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. Transgenic tissue is identifiable by both fluorescence microscopy and immunolabeling, resulting in a permanent marker identifying transgenic cells following processing of the tissue. Stable integration of the transgene has allowed breeding of homozygous males and females that will be used to produce transgenic embryos in 100% of eggs laid upon reaching sexual maturity. These results demonstrate that a transgenic approach in the chick model system is viable and useful even though a relatively long generation time is required. The transgenic chick model will benefit studies on embryonic development, as well as providing the pharmaceutical industry with an economical bioreactor.
Fatty acid metabolism in adipocytes: functional analysis of fatty acid transport proteins 1 and 4 Published, JLR Papers in Press, December 11, 2006.

The role of fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1) and FATP4 in facilitating adipocyte fatty acid metabolism was investigated using stable FATP1 or FATP4 knockdown (kd) 3T3-L1 cell lines derived from retrovirus-delivered short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Decreased expression of FATP1 or FATP4 did not affect preadipocyte differentiation or the expression of FATP1 (in FATP4 kd), FATP4 (in FATP1 kd), fatty acid translocase, acyl-coenzyme A synthetase 1, and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein but did lead to increased levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α. Both FATP1 and FATP4 kd adipocytes exhibited reduced triacylglycerol deposition and corresponding reductions in diacylglycerol and monoacylglycerol levels compared with control cells. FATP1 kd adipocytes displayed an ∼25% reduction in basal 3H-labeled fatty acid uptake and a complete loss of insulin-stimulated 3H-labeled fatty acid uptake compared with control adipocytes. In contrast, FATP4 kd adipocytes as well as HEK-293 cells overexpressing FATP4 did not display any changes in fatty acid influx. FATP4 kd cells exhibited increased basal lipolysis, whereas FATP1 kd cells exhibited no change in lipolytic capacity. Consistent with reduced triacylglycerol accumulation, FATP1 and FATP4 kd adipocytes exhibited enhanced 2-deoxyglucose uptake compared with control adipocytes. These findings define unique and distinct roles for FATP1 and FATP4 in adipose fatty acid metabolism.
Quickmig: automatic schema matching for data migration projects

A common task in many database applications is the migration of legacy data from multiple sources into a new one. This requires identifying semantically related elements of the source and target systems and the creation of mapping expressions to transform instances of those elements from the source format to the target format. Currently, data migration is typically done manually, a tedious and timeconsuming process, which is difficult to scale to a high number of data sources. In this paper, we describe QuickMig, a new semi-automatic approach to determining semantic correspondences between schema elements for data migration applications. QuickMig advances the state of the art with a set of new techniques exploiting sample instances, domain ontologies, and reuse of existing mappings to detect not only element correspondences but also their mapping expressions. QuickMig further includes new mechanisms to effectively incorporate domain knowledge of users into the matching process. The results from a comprehensive evaluation using real-world schemas and data indicate the high quality and practicability of the overall approach.
Feature interaction analysis: a maintenance perspective

Software systems have become more complex, with myriad features and multiple functionalities. A major challenge in developing and maintaining such complex software is to identify potential conflicts among its features. Feature interaction analysis becomes progressively more difficult as software's feature combinations and available scenarios increase. Software maintainers need to identify and analyze conflicts that can arise from feature modification requests. Our approach combines Use Case Maps with Formal Concept Analysis to assist maintainers in identifying feature modification impacts at the requirements level, without the need to examine the source code. We demonstrate the applicability of this approach using a teleommunication case study
Emotional Flow in Persuasive Health Messages

Overwhelmingly, the literature on the persuasive influence of emotions has focused on individual emotions, fear in particular, though some recent attention has been given to mixed emotions in persuasive appeals. Building on this newer wave of research, this article argues that instead of focusing on singular emotional states or collections of emotions evoked by a message, it might prove valuable to explore the flow, or evolution, of emotional experience over the course of exposure to a health message. The article offers a brief introduction to the concept of emotion, followed by a review of the state of the literature on the use of emotion in health messages. The concept of emotional flow is then introduced along with a consideration of how it has been tacitly incorporated into the study of emotional health messages. Finally, the utility of the concept of emotional flow is elaborated by articulating the ways in which it might be harnessed to facilitate the creation of more effective health messages, individually as well as across campaigns. The article concludes with an agenda for future research.
Tuning the speed-accuracy trade-off to maximize reward rate in multisensory decision-making

For decisions made under time pressure, effective decision making based on uncertain or ambiguous evidence requires efficient accumulation of evidence over time, as well as appropriately balancing speed and accuracy, known as the speed/accuracy trade-off. For simple unimodal stimuli, previous studies have shown that human subjects set their speed/accuracy trade-off to maximize reward rate. We extend this analysis to situations in which information is provided by multiple sensory modalities. Analyzing previously collected data (Drugowitsch et al., 2014), we show that human subjects adjust their speed/accuracy trade-off to produce near-optimal reward rates. This trade-off can change rapidly across trials according to the sensory modalities involved, suggesting that it is represented by neural population codes rather than implemented by slow neuronal mechanisms such as gradual changes in synaptic weights. Furthermore, we show that deviations from the optimal speed/accuracy trade-off can be explained by assuming an incomplete gradient-based learning of these trade-offs. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.06678. 001
A Mobile Cloud Hierarchical Trust Management Protocol for IoT Systems

We propose and analyze a 3-tier cloud-cloudlet-device hierarchical trust management protocol called IoT-HiTrust for large-scale IoT systems. Our mobile cloud hierarchical trust management protocol allows an IoT device to report its service experiences and query the trustworthiness of another IoT device for service composition and selection following a simple localized report-and-query paradigm. We verify IoT-HiTrust's conver-gence, accuracy, and resiliency properties against self-promotion, discriminatory, bad-mouthing, ballot-stuffing, and opportunistic service attacks despite intermittent network disconnection to the cloud.
Nursing diagnoses of newborns with sepsis in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Objectives to elaborate the Nursing Diagnoses of newborns with sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit and characterize the profile of the neonates and their mothers. Method a cross-sectional and quantitative study, with a sample of 41 neonates. A physical examination and consultation of the hospital records were undertaken, using an instrument. The elaboration of the Nursing Diagnoses followed a process of diagnostic inference and was based on the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association 2012-2014. Results the mothers were around 25 years old, had a low average number of pre-natal consultations, and various complications during the pregnancy; and the newborns were predominantly premature and with very low birth weights. Five Nursing Diagnoses predominated, and all the neonates presented Risk of Shock and Risk of fluid volume imbalance. Conclusion the Nursing Diagnoses of the neonates with sepsis can guide the formulating of specific assistential plans. The study contributes to the generation of new knowledge and found various relationships between the Nursing Diagnoses and the variables selected in the characterization of the neonates, which deserve to be elucidated in greater detail based on further research on the issue.
Postexercise macronutrient intake and subsequent postprandial triglyceride metabolism.

UNLABELLED Acute endurance exercise has been shown to lower postprandial plasma triglyceride (PPTG) concentrations; however, whether this is due to the negative energy and/or CHO deficit from the exercise bout is not well understood. PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the effects of a postexercise meal consisting of either high or low CHO content on PPTG and postprandial fat oxidation the morning after an exercise bout. METHODS Healthy young men (n = 6) performed each of four experimental treatments: 1) nonexercise control (CON), 2) 80 min of cycling with either no meal replacement (EX), 3) a high-CHO postexercise meal (EX+HCHO), or a 4) low-CHO postexercise meal (EX+LCHO). A standardized meal for PPTG determination was provided (16.0 kcal · kg(-1) body mass, 1.02 g fa t · kg(-1), 1.36 g CHO · kg(-1), 0.31 g protein · kg(-1)) 12 h after the exercise, and measurements of plasma triglyceride (TG) concentration and whole-body resting fat oxidation were made in the fasted condition and during the 4-h postprandial period. RESULTS The total area under the curve for plasma TG was significantly lower in EX+LCHO (325 (63) mg · dL(-1) per 4 h) compared with that in EX+HCHO (449 (118) mg · dL(-1) per 4 h, P = 0.03). Postprandial fat oxidation during this period was significantly greater in EX+LCHO (257 (58) kcal per 4 h, P = 0.003) compared with that in EX+HCHO (209 (56) kcal per 4 h). The change in total postprandial fat oxidation (kcal per 4 h) relative to CON was significantly and inversely correlated with the change in the total TG area under the curve relative to CON (mg · dL(-1) per 4 h, ΔTG AUC, R2 = 0.37, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS The low CHO composition of the postexercise meal contributes to lower PPTG and increased fat oxidation, with lower PPTG related to an increase in fat oxidation.
HDAC5 and HDAC9 in Medulloblastoma: Novel Markers for Risk Stratification and Role in Tumor Cell Growth

Purpose: Medulloblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumors in childhood. Survivors suffer from high morbidity because of therapy-related side effects. Thus, therapies targeting tumors in a specific manner with small molecules such as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are urgently warranted. This study investigated the expression levels of individual human HDAC family members in primary medulloblastoma samples, their potential as risk stratification markers, and their roles in tumor cell growth. Experimental Design: Gene expression arrays were used to screen for HDAC1 through HDAC11. Using quantitative real time reverse transcriptase-PCR and immunohistochemistry, we studied the expression of HDAC5 and HDAC9 in primary medulloblastoma samples. In addition, we conducted functional studies using siRNA-mediated knockdown of HDAC5 and HDAC9 in medulloblastoma cells. Results: HDAC5 and HDAC9 showed the highest expression in prognostically poor subgroups. This finding was validated in an independent set of medulloblastoma samples. High HDAC5 and HDAC9 expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival, with high HDAC5 and HDAC9 expression posing an independent risk factor. Immunohistochemistry revealed a strong expression of HDAC5 and HDAC9 proteins in most of all primary medulloblastomas investigated. siRNA-mediated knockdown of HDAC5 or HDAC9 in medulloblastoma cells resulted in decreased cell growth and cell viability. Conclusion: HDAC5 and HDAC9 are significantly upregulated in high-risk medulloblastoma in comparison with low-risk medulloblastoma, and their expression is associated with poor survival. Thus, HDAC5 and HDAC9 may be valuable markers for risk stratification. Because our functional studies point toward a role in medulloblastoma cell growth, HDAC5 and HDAC9 may potentially be novel drug targets. Clin Cancer Res; 16(12); 3240–52. ©2010 AACR.
Spontaneous ascent of the testis.

OBJECTIVE To report confirmed cases of spontaneous testicular ascent in patients with a cryptorchid testis which had been previously placed in the scrotum. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 1972 and 1992, 46 cryptorchid testes (36 patients), which were previously verified to be in the scrotum by staff paediatricians or paediatric surgeons, were treated surgically. The clinical, surgical and anatomicopathological records were reviewed to determine testicular position and associated conditions, and biopsies were taken from 35 testes. RESULTS The mean time between the last "normal' exploration until the testes ascended was 4.5 years. Before ascent, the testes were confirmed to be in the scrotum by up to seven separate recorded examinations. During surgical treatment, an open processus vaginalis was found in 18 testes. The mean (SD) tubular fertility index was 40 (37)%. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that a previously descended testis can ascend spontaneously. The clinical and anatomicopathological characteristics of these testes were similar to those of the cryptorchid testis.
A Study of Handling Cytotoxic Drugs and Risk of Birth Defects in Offspring of Female Veterinarians

We examined the association of occupational exposure to handling cytotoxic drugs at work with risk of birth defects among a cohort of female veterinarians. This study is a follow up survey of 321 female participants (633 pregnancies) who participated in the Health Risks of Australian Veterinarian project. Data on pregnancies and exposure during each pregnancy was obtained by self-administered mailed questionnaire. Female veterinarians handling cytotoxic drugs during their pregnancy had a two-fold increased risk of birth defects in their offspring (RR = 2.08, 95% CI (1.05–4.15)). Results were consistent in subgroup analysis of those who graduated during the period of 1961 to 1980 (RR = 5.04, 95% CI (1.81, 14.03) and in those working specifically in small and large animal practice. There was no increased risk in the subgroup that graduated after 1980. Women with unplanned pregnancies were more likely to handle cytotoxic drugs on a daily basis (RR = 1.86, 95% CI, 1.00–3.48) and had a higher increased risk of birth defects than those who planned their pregnancies in recent graduates and in those who worked specifically in small animal practice (RR = 2.53, 95% CI, 1.18–5.42). This study suggests that the adverse effects of handling cytotoxic drugs in pregnant women may include an increased risk of birth defects. Pregnancy intention status is an important health behavior and should be considered in prenatal programs.
Single Image Reflection Removal with Physically-based Rendering

Recently, deep learning based single image reflection separation methods have been exploited widely. To benefit the learning approach, a large number of training image pairs (i.e., with and without reflections) were synthesized in various ways, yet they are away from a physically-based direction. In this paper, physically based rendering is used for faithfully synthesizing the required training images, and corresponding network structure is proposed. We utilize existing image data to estimate mesh, then physically simulate the depth-dependent light transportation between mesh, glass, and lens with path tracing. For guiding the separation better, we additionally consider a module of removing complicated ghosting and blurring glass-effects, which allows obtaining priori information before having the glass distortion. This module is easily accommodated within our approach, since that prior information can be physically generated by our rendering process. The proposed method considering the priori information as well as the existing posterior information is validated with various real reflection images, and is demonstrated to show visually pleasant and numerically better results compared to the state-of-theart techniques.
Clarifying Trust in Social Internet of Things

A social approach can be exploited for the Internet of Things (IoT) to manage a large number of connected objects. These objects operate as autonomous agents to request and provide information and services to users. Establishing trustworthy relationships among the objects greatly improves the effectiveness of node interaction in the social IoT and helps nodes overcome perceptions of uncertainty and risk. However, there are limitations in the existing trust models. In this paper, a comprehensive model of trust is proposed that is tailored to the social IoT. The model includes ingredients such as trustor, trustee, goal, trustworthiness evaluation, decision, action, result, and context. Building on this trust model, we clarify the concepts of trust in the social IoT in five aspects such as: 1) mutuality of trustor and trustee; 2) inferential transfer of trust; 3) transitivity of trust; 4) trustworthiness update; and 5) trustworthiness affected by dynamic environment. With network connectivities that are from real-world social networks, a series of simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the social IoT operated with the proposed trust model. An experimental IoT network is used to further validate the proposed trust model.
On the Microscopic Structure of π NN , π N (cid:3) and π (cid:3)(cid:3) Vertices

We use a hybrid constituent-quark model for the microscopic description of π N N , π N (cid:3) and π(cid:3)(cid:3) vertices. In this model quarks are conﬁned by an instantaneous potential and are allowed to emit and absorb a pion, which is also treated as dynamical degree of freedom. The point form of relativistic quantum mechanics is employed to achieve a relativistically invariant description of this system. Starting with an SU ( 6 ) spin-ﬂavor symmetric wave function for N 0 and (cid:3) 0 , i.e. the eigenstates of the pure conﬁnement problem, we calculate the strength of the π N 0 N 0 , π N 0 (cid:3) 0 and π(cid:3) 0 (cid:3) 0 couplings and the corresponding vertex form factors. Interestingly the ratios of the resulting couplings resemble strongly those needed in purely hadronic coupled-channel models, but deviate signiﬁcantly from the ratios following from SU(6) spin-ﬂavor symmetry in the non-relativistic constituent-quark model.
“Linguistic Distance” as a Determinant of Bilateral Trade

We introduce a measure of language difficulty called "linguistic distance" into a modified gravity model to determine whether the fact that a language is further away from English affects the level of trade. Our sample of 36 non-English speaking countries includes Japan and South Korea, which we argue are special cases due to World War II, the Korean War, and subsequent close political and economic ties with the United States. Presence of a stock of immigrants in the home country has been shown to enhance trade, both exports and imports, with the country of origin. Controlling for network and information attributes provided by the presence of a stock of immigrants, the special relationship with Japan and Korea, and the standard gravity model variables, we find that the further a countryi? ½s primary language is from English, the lower trade will be between the United States and that country. These results hold for aggregate exports and imports as well as for exports and imports of consumer manufactures and producer manufactures.