Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reversible Architecture of Computer Arithmetic

Reversible logic plays an important role in emerging low power designs and quantum computing. This paper presents an efficient way to realize reversible arithmetic circuits especially targeting toward reversible arithmetic logic unit (RALU). In literature for reversible logic, not a significant advancement is found in integrating both logical and arithmetical functions, commonly known as arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a key feature of any computing system architecture. Here, this work presents a novel reversible arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performing basic functions similar to classical ALU such as addition, subtraction, AND, OR and XOR operations. Additional functions such as, NAND, NOR, XNOR and logical functions with single input inverted, overflow detection and comparison can also be performed with this design. The integration of these operations in single module using less number of control signals is not available in any of existing approaches. The design and analysis based on different parameters of reversible circuits – number of gates, garbage bits and quantum cost as well as simulation results are presented here. The proposed design offers efficient programmability and more flexibility than other methods. General Terms Arithmetic design and logic structures.
Genetic Characterization of Accumulation of Polyhydroxyalkanoate from Styrene in Pseudomonas putida CA-3

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas putida CA-3 is capable of accumulating medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (MCL-PHAs) when growing on the toxic pollutant styrene as the sole source of carbon and energy. In this study, we report on the molecular characterization of the metabolic pathways involved in this novel bioconversion. With a mini-Tn5 random mutagenesis approach, acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) was identified as the end product of styrene metabolism in P. putida CA-3. Amplified flanking-region PCR was used to clone functionally expressed phenylacetyl-CoA catabolon genes upstream from the sty operon in P. putida CA-3, previously reported to generate acetyl-CoA moieties from the styrene catabolic intermediate, phenylacetyl-CoA. However, the essential involvement of a (non-phenylacetyl-CoA) catabolon-encoded 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase is also reported. The link between de novo fatty acid synthesis and PHA monomer accumulation was investigated, and a functionally expressed 3-hydroxyacyl-acyl carrier protein-CoA transacylase (phaG) gene in P. putida CA-3 was identified. The deduced PhaG amino acid sequence shared >99% identity with a transacylase from P. putida KT2440, involved in 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA MCL-PHA monomer sequestration from de novo fatty acid synthesis under inorganic nutrient-limited conditions. Similarly, with P. putida CA-3, maximal phaG expression was observed only under nitrogen limitation, with concomitant PHA accumulation. Thus, β-oxidation and fatty acid de novo synthesis appear to converge in the generation of MCL-PHA monomers from styrene in P. putida CA-3. Cloning and functional characterization of the pha locus, responsible for PHA polymerization/depolymerization is also reported and the significance and future prospects of this novel bioconversion are discussed.
Respiratory Health Effects of Air Pollution Gases: Modification by Education and Income

The authors' purpose was to determine whether community income and education modify the effect of gaseous air pollution on respiratory hospitalizations. The authors used daily time-series analyses to test the association between daily respiratory hospitalizations and daily concentrations of ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide in 10 large Canadian cities. They calculated the percentage increase in hospitalizations for an increase in each air pollutant that was equivalent in magnitude to its mean value. The effect of nitrogen dioxide was stronger with decreasing levels of household income (p = .023). For the combined pollutant effect, percentage increases in hospitalizations ranged from 7.0% (95% confidence interval = 2.5-11.5) to -0.7% (95% confidence interval = -4.7-3.3) from lowest to highest quartile of education (trend test p = .001). Living in communities in which the individuals have lower household education and income levels may increase the individuals' vulnerability to air pollution.
Gender differences in distress and depression following cardiac surgery

This study examined the effects of physical health and other psychosocial variables on psychological distress and depression following coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), with a focus on gender differences. Information regarding psychological distress one year following surgery was obtained from a sample of 151 patients (112 males, 39 females), who also provided retrospective information about noncardiac chronic conditions, preoperative socioeconomic variables, postoperative social support, and immediately post-CABG depression. Medical and surgical data and postoperative cardiac conditions were retrieved from computerized medical records. Structural equation modeling with LISREL showed that distress one year following surgery was predicted by the number of noncardiac chronic illnesses, controlling for immediately post-CABG depression. Gender had only an indirect effect on distress; women reported more chronic medical conditions than did men. Analysis also revealed an interaction between gender and income: higher income men and lower income women were most likely to report depression immediately following surgery.
THE POTENTIAL FOR THE USE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SITUATIONAL FACTORS IN THE TARGETING OF DRINK-DRIVE COUNTERMEASURES

Data collected by the Victoria Police at the time an alleged drink-driving offender undergoes an evidential breath test were analysed to investigate the possibility that certain situational and psychological factors might be associated with drink-driving. The focus of the analysis was the potential for the situational and psychological characteristics associated with drink-driving to be used to target drink-drive countermeasures more effectively in the Victorian context where there are already relatively high levels of enforcement and supporting publicity. Analysis of the personality data identified five groups of drink-drivers with personality orientations that were over-represented in the drink-driver sample compared to the level expected based on population norms. These groups were then compared to other drink-drivers to further describe them in terms of the situational data collected by the Police. Tentative conclusions are drawn about the likely effects of countermeasures on each of the defined groups of drink drivers. (a)
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Gastric Cancer in Korea: An Evidence-Based Approach

Although gastric cancer is quite common in Korea, the treatment outcome is relatively favorable compared to those in western countries. However, there are currently no Korean multidisciplinary guidelines for gastric cancer. Experts from related societies developed guidelines de novo to meet Korean circumstances and requirements, including 23 recommendation statements for diagnosis (n=9) and treatment (n=14) based on relevant key questions. The quality of the evidence was rated according to the GRADE evidence evaluation framework: the evidence levels were based on a systematic review of the literature, and the recommendation grades were classified as either strong or weak. The applicability of the guidelines was considered to meet patients' view and preferences in the context of Korea. The topics of the guidelines cover diagnostic modalities (endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, and radiologic diagnosis), treatment modalities (surgery, therapeutic endoscopy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy), and pathologic evaluation. An external review of the guidelines was conducted during the finalization phase.
Substantial variation in the cardiac differentiation of human embryonic stem cell lines derived and propagated under the same conditions—a comparison of multiple cell lines

Aim. The differentiation efficiencies of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines differ from each other. To assess this in more detail we studied the cardiac differentiation of eight hESC lines derived in the same laboratory. Results. Substantial variation in growth and in the ability to form beating areas was seen between the different hESC lines; line HS346 gave the best efficiency (9.4%), while HS293 did not differentiate into beating colonies at all. Nine germ layer and differentiation markers were quantified during early differentiation in four hESC lines. The expression levels of Brachyury T, MESP1 and NKX2.5 were highest in the most efficient cardiac line (HS346). A systematic characterization of the beating cells revealed proper cardiac marker expression, electrophysiological activity, and pharmacological response. Conclusions. The hESC lines derived in the same laboratory varied considerably in their potential to differentiate into beating cardiomyocytes. None of the expression markers could clearly predict cardiac differentiation potential, although the expression of early cardiomyogenic genes was upregulated in the best cardiac line. The proper cardiomyocyte characteristics and pharmacological response indicate that these cells could be used as a model for human cardiomyocytes in pharmacological and toxicological analyses when investigating new heart medications or cardiac side-effects.
THREE SUPER-EARTHS ORBITING HD 7924

We report the discovery of two super-Earth-mass planets orbiting the nearby K0.5 dwarf HD 7924, which was previously known to host one small planet. The new companions have masses of 7.9 and 6.4 M ⨁ ? > , and orbital periods of 15.3 and 24.5 days. We perform a joint analysis of high-precision radial velocity data from Keck/HIRES and the new Automated Planet Finder Telescope (APF) to robustly detect three total planets in the system. We refine the ephemeris of the previously known planet using 5 yr of new Keck data and high-cadence observations over the last 1.3 yr with the APF. With this new ephemeris, we show that a previous transit search for the inner-most planet would have covered 70% of the predicted ingress or egress times. Photometric data collected over the last eight years using the Automated Photometric Telescope shows no evidence for transits of any of the planets, which would be detectable if the planets transit and their compositions are hydrogen-dominated. We detect a long-period signal that we interpret as the stellar magnetic activity cycle since it is strongly correlated with the Ca ii H and K activity index. We also detect two additional short-period signals that we attribute to rotationally modulated starspots and a one-month alias. The high-cadence APF data help to distinguish between the true orbital periods and aliases caused by the window function of the Keck data. The planets orbiting HD 7924 are a local example of the compact, multi-planet systems that the Kepler Mission found in great abundance.
Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in stent-assisted coil embolization of unruptured intracranial aneurysms

Background Thromboembolic complications are the main problem in stent-assisted coil embolization of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. The combination of aspirin and clopidogrel is generally used to decrease these complications, but some patients do not respond to clopidogrel and have a higher risk of stent thrombosis. In cardiology, clinical trials have shown that prasugrel reduced the incidence of ischaemic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome compared with clopidogrel but, according to several authors, prasugrel would produce an increased risk of cerebral haemorrhagic complications. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether prasugrel would be more effective than clopidogrel in reducing procedural events in patients with an unruptured aneurysm treated endovascularly with coils and stent. Materials and methods Two hundred consecutive patients with intracranial aneurysms were treated using coiling and stenting procedures. The first 100 patients were administered a dual antiplatelet of aspirin and clopidogrel, while the remaining 100 patients were administered a dual antiplatelet of aspirin and prasugrel. In each group data were collected on procedural and periprocedural haemorrhagic and ischaemic complications. Results Aneurysmal occlusion and haemorrhagic complications rates were identical in both groups. The number of thromboembolic events observed in the two groups of our study did not differ significantly, but the prasugrel group included more wide-neck aneurysms and more flow-diverted stents. Moreover, complications in the prasugrel group were more benign, explaining the significant difference in clinical outcomes between the two groups on Day 30. Conclusions Prasugrel reduces the clinical consequences of thromboembolic complications of endovascular treatment with stenting and coiling of unruptured intracranial aneurysms.
Joint Acoustic-Modulation Frequency for Speaker Recognition

We propose a method for computing joint acoustic-modulation frequency feature for speaker recognition. This feature describes the amplitude modulation spectrum of each subband, and results in a single feature vector per utterance. This vector is directly used as the speaker's modulation frequency template, excluding the need for a separate training phase. The effects of analysis parameters and pattern matching are studied using the NIST 2001 corpus. When fusing the proposed feature with the baseline MFCC/GMM system, EER is reduced from 18.2% to 16.7%
Historical Statistics of the United States Chapter on Voluntary, Nonprofit, and Religious Entities and Activities: Underlying Concepts, Concerns, and Dilemmas

Polypeptide targeting molecules are provided for use in delivering imaging agents to epithelial tissue. Upon delivery, the imaging agent(s) may remain within an epithelial cell or may undergo transepithelial transport via transcytosis. The targeting molecules may be used, for example, for diagnostic techniques. The polypeptide may be produced by recombinant methods, and forms a closed covalent loop, contains at least three peptide domains having beta-sheet character which are separated by domains lacking beta-sheet character, specifically binds to a basolateral factor attached to a basolateral domain of an epithelial surface causing uptake of a linked imaging agent into cells of the epithelial surface, and is not a full length dimeric Iga. Preferably, the polypeptide is a J chain polypeptide, or a J chain polypeptide linked to an immunoglobulin heavy chain without an immunoglobulin light chain. The polypeptide or imaging agent may be linked to a peptide amino acid sequence that directs delivery of the imaging agent to a carcinoma cell, a nucleus, or an endoplasmic reticulum.
Genetic variability of Lizard canary breed inferred from pedigree analysis.

The genealogical data of 471 (whole population: WP) Lizard canaries of an Italian breeder were analyzed to evaluate the genetic variability of the breed. The reference population (RP) comprised 346 living reproductive birds. Average generation interval was 1.61 ± 0.718 for males and 1.72 ± 0.863 for females. The average value of inbreeding (F) and relatedness (AR) in the RP were 15.83% and 22.63%, while the average increase in inbreeding was estimated to be 6.71% per generation (effective population size = 7.49). The results showed the need to reduce the level of inbreeding which would result in significant loss of genetic variation and in significant inbreeding depression.
The RNA Polymerase Dictates ORF1 Requirement and Timing of LINE and SINE Retrotransposition

Mobile elements comprise close to one half of the mass of the human genome. Only LINE-1 (L1), an autonomous non-Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) retrotransposon, and its non-autonomous partners—such as the retropseudogenes, SVA, and the SINE, Alu—are currently active human retroelements. Experimental evidence shows that Alu retrotransposition depends on L1 ORF2 protein, which has led to the presumption that LINEs and SINEs share the same basic insertional mechanism. Our data demonstrate clear differences in the time required to generate insertions between marked Alu and L1 elements. In our tissue culture system, the process of L1 insertion requires close to 48 hours. In contrast to the RNA pol II-driven L1, we find that pol III transcribed elements (Alu, the rodent SINE B2, and the 7SL, U6 and hY sequences) can generate inserts within 24 hours or less. Our analyses demonstrate that the observed retrotransposition timing does not dictate insertion rate and is independent of the type of reporter cassette utilized. The additional time requirement by L1 cannot be directly attributed to differences in transcription, transcript length, splicing processes, ORF2 protein production, or the ability of functional ORF2p to reach the nucleus. However, the insertion rate of a marked Alu transcript drastically drops when driven by an RNA pol II promoter (CMV) and the retrotransposition timing parallels that of L1. Furthermore, the “pol II Alu transcript” behaves like the processed pseudogenes in our retrotransposition assay, requiring supplementation with L1 ORF1p in addition to ORF2p. We postulate that the observed differences in retrotransposition kinetics of these elements are dictated by the type of RNA polymerase generating the transcript. We present a model that highlights the critical differences of LINE and SINE transcripts that likely define their retrotransposition timing.
Post‐MBA industry shifts: An investigation of career, educational and demographic factors

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine factors that predict industry‐level career change among MBA graduates.Design/methodology/approach – The study analyzed longitudinal data from the Management Education Research Institute (MERI)'s Global MBA Graduate Survey Dataset and MBA Alumni Perspectives Survey Datasets, using principal component analyses and a three‐stage structural equations model.Findings – Perceptions about career growth and opportunity for advancement were the strongest predictors of industry shifts. The type of program was also found to have an influence, with part‐time MBA programs positively predicting industry shift, and full‐time programs having an indirect effect through significant associations with each of the intermediate predictors of industry shifts. Women were found to be more likely to change industries. Satisfaction with the MBA degree was not a predictor of industry change behavior: they were found to be related only to the extent that graduates valued the importance.
A review of the applicability of robots in education

Robots are becoming an integral component of our society and have great potential in being utilized as an educational technology. To promote a deeper understanding of the area, we present a review of the field of robots in education. Several prior ventures in the area are discussed (post-2000) with the help of classification criteria. The dissecting criteria include domain of the learning activity, location of the activity, the role of the robot, types of robots and types of robotic behaviour. Our overview shows that robots are primarily used to provide language, science or technology education and that a robot can take on the role of a tutor, tool or peer in the learning activity. We also present open questions and challenges in the field that emerged from the overview. The results from our overview are of interest to not only researchers in the field of human–robot interaction but also administration in educational institutes who wish to understand the wider implications of adopting robots in education.
The recoverability limit for superresolution via sparsity

We consider the problem of robustly recovering a $k$-sparse coefficient vector from the Fourier series that it generates, restricted to the interval $[- \Omega, \Omega]$. The difficulty of this problem is linked to the superresolution factor SRF, equal to the ratio of the Rayleigh length (inverse of $\Omega$) by the spacing of the grid supporting the sparse vector. In the presence of additive deterministic noise of norm $\sigma$, we show upper and lower bounds on the minimax error rate that both scale like $(SRF)^{2k-1} \sigma$, providing a partial answer to a question posed by Donoho in 1992. The scaling arises from comparing the noise level to a restricted isometry constant at sparsity $2k$, or equivalently from comparing $2k$ to the so-called $\sigma$-spark of the Fourier system. The proof involves new bounds on the singular values of restricted Fourier matrices, obtained in part from old techniques in complex analysis.
Intramural Virtual Electrodes During Defibrillation Shocks in Left Ventricular Wall Assessed by Optical Mapping of Membrane Potential

Background—It is believed that defibrillation is due to shock-induced changes of transmembrane potential (&Dgr;Vm) in the bulk of ventricular myocardium (so-called virtual electrodes), but experimental proof of this hypothesis is absent. Here, intramural shock-induced &Dgr;Vm were measured for the first time in isolated preparations of left ventricle (LV) by an optical mapping technique. Methods and Results—LV preparations were excised from porcine hearts (n=9) and perfused through a coronary artery. Rectangular shocks (duration 10 ms, field strength E ≈2 to 50 V/cm) were applied across the wall during the action potential plateau by 2 large electrodes. Shock-induced &Dgr;Vm were measured on the transmural wall surface with a 16×16 photodiode array (resolution 1.2 mm/diode). Whereas weak shocks (E≈2 V/cm) induced negligible &Dgr;Vm in the wall middle, stronger shocks produced intramural &Dgr;Vm of 2 types. (1) Shocks with E>4 V/cm produced both positive and negative intramural &Dgr;Vm that changed their sign on changing shock polarity, possibly reflecting large-scale nonuniformities in the tissue structure; the &Dgr;Vm patterns were asymmetrical, with &Dgr;V−m>&Dgr;V+m. (2) Shocks with E>34 V/cm produced predominantly negative &Dgr;Vm across the whole transmural surface, independent of the shock polarity. These relatively uniform polarizations could be a result of microscopic discontinuities in tissue structure. Conclusions—Strong defibrillation shocks induce &Dgr;Vm in the intramural layers of LV. During action potential plateau, intramural &Dgr;Vm are typically asymmetrical (&Dgr;V−m>&Dgr;V+m) and become globally negative during very strong shocks.
Disproportional Control Rights and the Governance Role of Debt

We examine the governance role of debt in the context of U.S.-based dual class ownership structures. We hypothesize that the use of debt alleviates the conflict between shareholder classes by balancing the power of controlling insiders. We document that dual class firms have higher leverage and a greater propensity to issue private debt; they also more frequently use cash sweeps and performance-based covenants. Dual class firms with greater agency conflicts and a greater need to access the capital market appear to rely more extensively on debt. These findings are consistent with controlling insiders bonding against the agency costs associated with dual class ownership. The governance role of debt is further corroborated by the valuation effect of debt for dual class companies. Private debt issuances trigger greater positive market reactions to the inferior dual class stock in relation to both the superior dual class stock and a matched sample of single class firms. Further, leverage attenuates the previou.