Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INNOVATION IMPACTS OF USING SOCIAL BOOKMARKING SYSTEMS 1

Many organizational innovations can be explained by the movement of ideas and information from one social context to another, “from where they are known to where they are not” (Hargadon 2002, p. 41). A relatively new technology, social bookmarking, is increasingly being used in many organizations (McAfee 2006), and may enhance employee innovativeness by providing a new, socially mediated channel for discovering information. Users of such systems create publicly viewable lists of bookmarks (each being a hyperlink to an information resource) and often assign searchable keywords (“tags”) to these bookmarks. We explore two different perspectives on how accessing others’ bookmarks could enhance how innovative an individual is at work. First, we develop two hypotheses around the idea that quantity may be a proxy for diversity, following a well established literature that holds that the more information obtained and the larger the number of sources consulted, the higher the likelihood an individual will come across novel ideas. Next, we offer two hypotheses adapted from social network research that argue that the shape of the network of connections that is created when individuals access each others’ bookmarks can reflect information novelty, and that individuals whose networks bridge more structural holes and have greater effective reach are likely to be more innovative. An analysis of bookmarking system use in a global professional services firm provides strong support for the social diversity of information sources as a predictor of employee innovativeness, but no support that the number of bookmarks accessed matters. By extending the social networks literature to theorize the functionalities offered by social bookmarking systems, this research establishes structural holes theory as a valuable lens through which social technologies may be understood.
On the Lundgren–Townsend model of turbulent fine scales

The strained-spiral vortex model of turbulent fines scales given by Lundgren [Phys. Fluids 25, 2193 (1982)] is used to calculate vorticity and velocity-derivative moments for homogeneous isotropic turbulence. A specific form of the relaxing spiral vortex is proposed modeled by a rolling-up vortex layer embedded in a background containing opposite signed vorticity and with zero total circulation at infinity. The numerical values of two dimensionless groups are fixed in order to give a Kolmogorov constant and skewness which are within the range of experiment. This gives the result that the ratio of the ensemble average hyperskewness S2p + 1[equivalent] ([partial-derivative]u/[partial-derivative]x)2p + 1/[([partial-derivative]u/[partial-derivative]x)2](2p + 1)/2 to the hyperflatness F2p[equivalent]([partial-derivative]u/[partial-derivative]x)2p/[([partial-derivative]u/[partial-derivative]x)2] p, p=2,3,. , is constant independent of Taylor–Reynolds number Rlambda, as is the ratio of the 2pth moment of one component of the vorticity Omega2p[equivalent]omega2px/(omega2x)p to F2p. A cutoff in a relevant time integration is then used to eliminate vortex-sheet-induced divergences in the integrals corresponding to omega2px, p=2,3,. , and an assumption is made that the lateral scale of the spiral vortex in the model is the geometric mean of the Taylor and the Kolmogorov microscales. This gives Omega2p=Omega-hat 2pR lambda p/2 - 3/4, F2p=F-hat 2pR lambda p/2 - 3/4 and S2p + 1=S-hat 2p + 1R lambda p/2 - 3/4, p=2,3,. , with explicit calculation of the numbers Omega-hat 2p, F-hat 2p, and S-hat 2p + 1. The results of the model are compared with experimental compilation of Van Atta and Antonia [Phys. Fluids 23, 252 (1980)] for F4 and with the isotropic turbulence calculations of Kerr [J. Fluid Mech. 153, 31 (1985)] and of Vincent and Meneguzzi [J. Fluid Mech. 225, 1 (1991)].
Associative Learning Over Trials Activates the Hippocampus in Healthy Elderly but not Mild Cognitive Impairment

ABSTRACT The ability to form associations between choice alternatives and their contingent outcomes is an important aspect of learning that may be sensitive to hippocampal dysfunction in memory disorders of aging such as amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCIa), or early Alzheimer disease. In this preliminary study we examined brain activation using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 12 healthy elderly participants and nine patients with MCIa during an associative learning task. Using a high-field 3.0-Tesla MRI scanner, we examined the dynamic neural response during associative learning over trials. The slope of signal attenuation associated with learning was analyzed for differences between groups within an a priori defined hippocampal region. Results indicated dynamic signal attenuation associated with learning in the healthy elderly sample, but not in MCIa. The absence of an associative learning effect in the MCIa sample reaffirms an important link between the learning difficulties that are commonly encountered in MCIa and the mesial temporal region.
An empirical investigation of measures to enhance intra-Africa trade

Trade is largely considered a driving force of economic growth and development of nations. To this end, there is vast and far-reaching research on the subject, especially on matters international. However, research on intra-African trade is lacking in comparison to research on trade amongst the rest of the world, not just developed, but also developing countries alike. That aside there are numerous efforts put in place to enhance and encourage trade within and without the continent. The research presented in this thesis aims to investigate and address three key issues specific to intra-Africa trade. The questions asked are: are the measures currently in place successful in the promotion of intra-Africa trade; is the continent ready for measures about to be implemented and after all that, is trade really the key driving force for economic growth and development within Africa? To answer these questions, the research presented here in this thesis employs the gravity modelling approach, the G-PPP test and develops a macro-economic model which is applied to the Kenyan economy. The results indicate that; yes, trade is significant and important in determining economic growth, and while measures taken thus far such as the creation of Economic Integrations have not been as successful as was envisioned, trade openness continues to be among the most important ways in which trade is encouraged and enhanced, to this end, although the continent is yet to fulfil all the requirements for the formation of a full-blown Economic Union, it is ready for drastic measures such as the formation of a currency union. Literature reveals that this could form the basis of hastening complete integration and harmonization of all systems of the participating economies, thereby benefiting not just trade but also all other sectors of the economies.
What Do Rankings Measure? The U.S. News Rankings and Student Experience at Liberal Arts Colleges

Abstract:The purpose of this study is to evaluate the validity of college rankings, by investigating to what extent measurements employed by rankings are good proxies for evaluating educational practices at liberal arts colleges. Using a hierarchical linear modeling with data from the Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System and the U.S. News and World Report (USNWR) college rankings, we found that overall ranking scores did not predict students' exposure to good practices, but scores on some measures had a limited yet significant association with students' experiences of good practices at liberal arts colleges.
Optimal power flow using group search optimizer with intraspecific competition and lévy walk

This paper presents an enhanced group search optimizer (GSO), group search optimizer with intraspecific competition and lévy walk (GSOICLW), to solve the optimal power flow (OPF) problem. GSOICLW s a more biologically realistic algorithm and performs better balance between global and local searching than GSO n hat intraspecific competition IC) and lévy walk (LW) are introduced o GSO. GSOICLW is tested or the OPF problem on the IEEE 30-bus power system, with green house gases emission constraint considered. Simulation results demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the proposed algorithm, compared with other evolutionary algorithms EAs).
Predictors of Marriage in Psychiatric Illness: A Review of Literature

Introduction: Marriage is the significant life event in a person. Marriage in Indian society has significant role and acts has a significant stigmatization factor if unmarried or separate or divorced. Marital pathology is considered the most stressful in comparison to other life events in an individual’s life. When psychiatric illness is taken into consideration, it has a substantial role along with other factors in causing/worsening or relapse of the illness. Methodology: The results of the various studies in Indian context are being attempted to be compiled. Search was done through EMBASE, PsycINFO and PUBMED. Result: Epidemiological data supports the evidence that married individuals have less chances to have psychiatric illness. Epidemiological data supports the evidence that married individuals have less chances to have psychiatric illness. Positive correlation is illustrated with marital adjustment problems and anxiety/depressive psychopathology. When severe mental illnesses are compared worse marriage outcome is reported in schizophrenia patients. Conclusion: It has been understood from the studies done so far that marriage acts as both protecting factor and predisposing/precipitating factor for the causation of the psychiatric illness. Still huge area related to marital problems (legal issues, marital separation, divorce, infertility, intimacy issues) in individuals and their spouse is unexplored.
Monolingual Retrieval for European Languages

Recent years have witnessed considerable advances in information retrieval for European languages other than English. We give an overview of commonly used techniques and we analyze them with respect to their impact on retrieval effectiveness. The techniques considered range from linguistically motivated techniques, such as morphological normalization and compound splitting, to knowledge-free approaches, such as n-gram indexing. Evaluations are carried out against data from the CLEF campaign, covering eight European languages. Our results show that for many of these languages a modicum of linguistic techniques may lead to improvements in retrieval effectiveness, as can the use of language independent techniques. What exactly the best combination of settings is, proved to be highly language dependent in our experiments.
Task mapping in rectangular twisted tori

Twisted torus topologies have been proposed as an alternative to toroidal rectangular networks, improving distance parameters and providing network symmetry. However, twisting is apparently less amenable to task mapping algorithms of real life applications. In this paper we make an analytical study of different mapping and concentration techniques on 2D twisted tori that try to compensate for the twisted peripheral links. We introduce a performance model based on the network average distance and the detection of the set of links which receive the highest load. The model also considers the amount of local and global communications in the network. Our model shows that the twisted torus can improve latency and maximum throughput over rectangular torus, especially when global communications dominate over local ones and when some concentration is employed. Simulation results corroborate our synthetic model. For real applications from the NPB benchmark suite, the use of the twisted topologies with an appropriate mapping provides overall average application speedups of 2.9%, which increase to 4.9% when concentrated topologies (c = 2) are considered.
Implementation and applications of Scott's logic for computable functions

The basis for this paper is a logic designed by Dana Scott [1] in 1969 for formalizing arguments about computable functions of higher type. This logic uses typed combinators, and we give a more or less direct translation into typed λ-calculus, which is an easier formalism to use, though not so easy for the metatheory because of the presence of bound variables. We then describe, by example only, a proof-checker program which has been implemented for this logic; the program is fully described in [2]. We relate the induction rule which is central to the logic to two more familiar rules - Recursion Induction and Structural Induction - showing that the former is a theorem of the logic, and that for recursively defined structures the latter is a derived rule of the logic. Finally we show how the syntax and semantics of a simple programming language may be described completely in the logic, and we give an example of a theorem which relates syntactic and semantic properties of programs and which can be stated and proved within the logic.
Mycophenolate Mofetil Reduces Renal Injury in the Chronic Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition Model

We and others have recently shown that mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) reduces renal inflammation and glomerular and interstitial injury in the 5/6 renal ablation model. In the present study, we investigated whether MMF limits renal injury in a model of chronic nitric oxide (NO) inhibition associated with a high-salt diet and characterized by progressive systemic hypertension, albuminuria, glomerular sclerosis and ischemia, interstitial expansion, and progressive macrophage infiltration. Adult male Münich-Wistar rats were distributed among 3 groups: HS, rats receiving a high-salt diet (3.2% Na); HS+N, HS rats orally treated with the NO inhibitor N&ohgr;-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), 25 mg · kg−1 · d−1; and HS+N+MMF, HS+N rats orally treated with MMF, 10 mg · kg−1 · d−1. Renal hemodynamics were studied after 15 days of treatment; histological and immunohistochemical studies were conducted after 30 days of treatment. MMF treatment did not reverse the hemodynamic alterations characteristic of this model. Renal injury in the HS+N group was associated with macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration. Treatment with MMF reduced glomerular and interstitial injury and limited macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration. These results suggest that renal inflammation is a strong independent factor in the pathogenesis of the nephropathy associated with the HS+N model.
Local enzymatic hydrolysis of an endogenously generated metabolite can enhance CPT-11 anticancer efficacy

Irinotecan (CPT-11) is a clinically important anticancer prodrug that requires enzymatic hydrolysis by carboxyesterase to generate the active metabolite SN-38. However, SN-38 is further metabolized to inactive SN-38 glucuronide (SN-38G), thus diminishing the levels of active SN-38. Although exogenously administered glucuronide drugs are being investigated for cancer therapy, it is unknown if endogenously generated camptothecin glucuronide metabolites can be used for tumor therapy. Here, we tested the hypothesis that tumor-located hydrolysis of endogenously generated SN-38G can enhance the antitumor efficacy of CPT-11 therapy. EJ human bladder carcinoma cells expressing membrane-tethered β-glucuronidase (EJ/mβG cells) were used to selectively hydrolyze SN-38G to SN-38. Parental EJ and EJ/mβG cells displayed similar in vitro and in vivo growth rates and sensitivities to CPT-11 and SN-38. By contrast, EJ/mβG cells were more than 30 times more sensitive than EJ cells to SN-38G, showing that SN-38 could be generated from SN-38G in vitro. Systemic administration of CPT-11 resulted in tumor-located hydrolysis of SN-38G and accumulation of SN-38 in EJ/mβG subcutaneous tumors. Importantly, systemic administration of CPT-11, which itself is not a substrate for β-glucuronidase, dramatically delayed the growth of EJ/mβG xenografts without increased systemic toxicity. Thus, the anticancer activity of CPT-11 can be significantly enhanced by converting the relatively high levels of endogenously generated SN-38G to SN-38 in tumors. The high concentrations of SN-38G found in the serum of patients treated with CPT-11 suggest that clinical response to CPT-11 may be improved by elevating β-glucuronidase activity in tumors. [Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(4):940–6]
Associations between after-school arrangements and labour conditions of low-income working mothers in the United States

ABSTRACT Over one-half of U.S. low-income working mothers utilize an array of after-school options, which impacts child development and their work conditions. However, many studies have focused exclusively on children’s development in after-school programs (ASPs). Therefore, we examined the relationship between different types of after-school care and low-income working mothers’ labour conditions which include working hours and months as well as the abilities to job shift and attend school/training. The study utilized the National Household Education Survey Programs: After-School Programs and Activities (2005) data and employed binary logistic and Ordinary Least Square Regression analyses. Sample units (N = 717) were low-income households utilizing any of the childcare arrangements. The study’s finding of a positive association between relative care and mothers’ working hours suggests a need for more public subsidies for working families using relative care as well as a need for financial incentives for relatives providing childcare. Additionally, for parents who cannot access relative care, the quality and quantity of ASPs in economically disadvantaged communities must be increased.
Teacher Mentor Induction Programs: An Assessment by First-Year Teachers.

First-year teachers' perceptions of the helpfulness oi their teacher mentoring experiences during their induction into the profession were Investigated in this study. It was found that most novice teachers perceived their mentoring experiences to be helpful; however, they rated other professionals in their school Wstricts as being more helpful in aiding their transition into teaching than their formally asJigned mentor teachers. The novice elementary teachers rated their building principals as being more helpful, and the novice secondary teachers rated other teacher colleagues as being more helpful than the mentor teachers. The areas of mentoring assistance found to be most valued by the neophyte teachers were in meeting school requirements and procedures, handling pupil discipline, and dealing with other professionals. Most of the first-year teachers reported spending considerable amounts of time with their teacher mentors (15 or more hours). The less well-prepared novice teachers spent less time with their mentor teachers and rated their principals as being more helpful facilitating their transition into the profession than did the better prepared first-year teachers. (Author) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** Teacher Mentor Induction Programs: An Assessment by First-Year Teachers Ronald N. Marso and Fred L. Pigge College of Education and Allied Professions Bowling Green State University Bowling Green, Ohio 43403 A paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association of Teacher Educators 70th Annual Conference February 5-8, 1990 Las Vegas, Nevada
Anti-Tumor Effect of Adipose Tissue Derived-Mesenchymal Stem Cells Expressing Interferon-β and Treatment with Cisplatin in a Xenograft Mouse Model for Canine Melanoma

Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) are attractive cell-therapy vehicles for the delivery of anti-tumor molecules into the tumor microenvironment. The innate tropism of AT-MSCs for tumors has important implications for effective cellular delivery of anti-tumor molecules, including cytokines, interferon, and pro-drugs. The present study was designed to determine the possibility that the combination of stem cell-based gene therapy with low-dose cisplatin would improve therapeutic efficacy against canine melanoma. The IFN-β transduced canine AT-MSCs (cAT-MSC-IFN-β) inhibited the growth of LMeC canine melanoma cells in direct and indirect in vitro co-culture systems. In animal experiments using BALB/c nude mouse xenografts, which developed by injecting LMeC cells, the combination treatment of cAT-MSC-IFN-β and low-dose cisplatin significantly reduced tumor volume compared with the other treatment groups. Fluorescent microscopic analysis with a TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling) assay of tumor section provided evidence for homing of cAT-MSC-IFN-β to the tumor site and revealed that the combination treatment of cAT-MSC-IFN-β with low-dose cisplatin induced high levels of cell apoptosis. These findings may prove useful in further explorations of the application of these combined approaches to the treatment of malignant melanoma and other tumors.
Generalized Grounding Graphs: A Probabilistic Framework for Understanding Grounded Language

Many task domains require robots to interpret and act upon natural language commands which are given by people and which refer to the robot’s physical surroundings. Such interpretation, known as the “grounded language problem,” is challenging both because people, especially untrained users, employ diverse vocabulary and grammar, and because in real settings robots typically have substantial uncertainty about the nature and contents of their surroundings, making it diﬃcult to associate the constitutive language elements (principally noun phrases and spatial relations) of the command text to elements of those surroundings. Symbolic models capture linguistic structure but have not scaled successfully to handle the diverse language produced by untrained users. Existing statistical approaches can better handle diversity, but have not to date modeled complex linguistic structure, limiting achievable accuracy. Recent hybrid approaches have addressed limitations in scaling and complexity, but have not eﬀectively associated linguistic and perceptual features. Our framework, called Generalized Grounding Graphs (G 3 ), addresses these issues by deﬁning a probabilistic graphical model dynamically according to the linguistic parse structure of a natural language command. This approach scales eﬀectively, handles linguistic diversity, and enables the system to associate parts of a command with the speciﬁc objects, places, and events in the external world to which they refer. This enables robots to learn word meanings and use those learned meanings to robustly follow natural language commands produced by untrained users. We demonstrate our approach for both mobility commands (e.g. route directions like “Go down the hallway through the door”) and mobile manipulation commands (e.g. physical directives like “Pick up the pallet on the truck”) involving a variety of semi-autonomous robotic platforms, including a wheelchair, a micro-air vehicle, a forklift, and the Willow Garage PR2.
Pathways to Racial Equity in Higher Education: Modeling the Antecedents of State Affirmative Action Bans

Eight states currently have bans on affirmative action, yet little research has focused on the characteristics of states that predict ban adoption. To begin filling this gap in the literature, I conduct discrete-time survival analysis on an aggregated data set of 47 states from 1995 to 2012 to investigate the extent to which various characteristics of a state predict its likelihood of adopting a statewide affirmative action ban. Results show that scarcity of access to state public flagship institutions and policy diffusion are associated with ban adoption. Aligning with the racial threat literature, the findings suggest that these bans are associated with concerns about the scarcity of access to selective higher education institutions (operationalized as state public flagships) for White students.