Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associations between school recreational environments and physical activity.

BACKGROUND School environments may promote or hinder physical activity in young people. The purpose of this research was to examine relationships between school recreational environments and adolescent physical activity. METHODS Using multilevel logistic regression, data from 7638 grade 6 to 10 students from 154 schools who participated in the 2005/06 Canadian Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Survey were analyzed. Individual and cumulative effects of school policies, varsity and intramural athletics, presence and condition of fields, and condition of gymnasiums on students' self-reported physical activity (>or=2 h/wk vs <2 h/wk) were examined. RESULTS Moderate gradients in physical activity were observed according to number of recreational features and opportunities. Overall, students at schools with more recreational features and opportunities reported higher rates of class-time and free-time physical activity; this was strongest among high school students. Boys' rates of class-time physical activity were 1.53 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12-1.80) times as high at high schools with the most recreational features as at schools with the fewest. Similarly, girls' rates of free-time physical activity at school were 1.62 (95% CI: 0.96-2.21) times as high at high schools with the most opportunities and facilities as compared to schools with the fewest. Modest associations were observed between individual school characteristics and class-time and free-time physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the cumulative effect of school recreational features may be more important than any one characteristic individually.
Evidence that some long‐lasting effects of direct current in the rat spinal cord are activity‐independent

The effects of trans‐spinal direct current (DC) stimulation (tsDCS) on specific neuronal populations are difficult to elucidate, as it affects a variety of neuronal networks. However, facilitatory and depressive effects on neurons processing information from the skin and from muscles can be evaluated separately when weak (0.2–0.3 μA) DC is applied within restricted areas of the rat spinal cord. The effects of such local DC application were recently demonstrated to persist for at least 1 h, and to include changes in the excitability of afferent fibres and their synaptic actions. However, whether these effects require activation of afferent fibres in spinal neuronal pathways during DC application, i.e. whether they are activity‐dependent or activity‐independent, remained an open question. The aim of the present study was to address this question by analysing the effects of local DC application on monosynaptic actions of muscle and skin afferents (extracellular field potentials) and afferent fibre excitability. The results revealed that long‐lasting post‐polarization changes evoked without concomitant activation of afferent fibres replicate changes evoked by stimuli applied during, before and after polarization. The study leads to the conclusion that the reported effects are activity‐independent. As this conclusion applies to the local effects of DC application in at least two spinal pathways and to the effects of both cathodal and anodal polarization, it indicates that some of the more widespread effects of trans‐spinal and trans‐cranial stimulation (both tsDCS and transcranial DC stimulation) may be activity‐independent. The results may therefore contribute to the design of more specific DC applications in clinical practice.
The "Best K" for Entropy-based Categorical Data Clustering

With the growing demand on cluster analysis for categorical data, a handful of categorical clustering algorithms have been developed. Surprisingly, to our knowledge, none has satisfactorily addressed the important problem for categorical clustering – how can we determine the best K number of clusters for a categorical dataset? Since the categorical data does not have the inherent distance function as the similarity measure, the traditional cluster validation techniques based on the geometry shape and density distribution cannot be applied to answer this question. In this paper, we investigate the entropy property of the categorical data and propose a BkPlot method for determining a set of candidate “best Ks”. This method is implemented with a hierarchical clustering algorithm HierEntro. The experimental result shows that our approach can effectively identify the significant clustering structures. keywords Categorical Data Clustering, Entropy, Cluster Validation
Semantic-based visual information retrieval

By reading, you can know the knowledge and things more, not only about what you get from people to people. Book will be more trusted. As this semantic based visual information retrieval, it will really give you the good idea to be successful. It is not only for you to be success in certain life you can be successful in everything. The success can be started by knowing the basic knowledge and do actions.
Threshold dynamics in meso- and nanoscale lasers: why Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers?

The laser's threshold properties gradually evolve from the macroscopic to the nanoscopic scale through the mesoscale, whose best examples are the Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs). We show how the latter contribute to the understanding of the evolution of laser physics as the cavity volume is reduced thanks to favourable conditions: sufficient photon flux for a complete characterization with current instrumentation, coupled to physical characteristics which already approach those of nanodevices. A further reduction in cavity volume is nowadays possible in VCSELs, bringing within reach the nanoscale on the basis of mature technology. This will speed up both the fundamental investigations on the physics of nanolasers and open up the field for shorter-term applications in terms of nanosources- e.g., for optical chips- thanks to the possibility of coupling the VCSEL output into waveguides. Finally, we present an overview of results we have obtained on the physical characterization of the lasing transition in currently available, electrically-pumped VCSEL devices.
Ibrutinib in B lymphoid malignancies

Introduction: Most lymphomas and lymphoid leukemias are of B cell origin. Indolent B cell lymphomas, most commonly follicular lymphoma but including Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia and mantle cell lymphoma, as well as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, are incurable with standard therapy. New treatments are needed. Survival of normal and many abnormal B cells depends on signals through the B-cell receptor, and a key element of this pathway is Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK). The oral BTK inhibitor ibrutinib is already US FDA approved in four different indications based on marked treatment benefit in indolent B cell lymphoma/leukemia. Areas covered: This review covers the clinical pharmacology of ibrutinib, its efficacy in clinical trials in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia, as well as safety and toxicity. Future directions are discussed. Expert opinion: Ibrutinib is a well-tolerated once-daily oral BTK inhibitor with impressive activity in treating indolent B cell lymphoproliferative disorders. As a single agent, it is already altering treatment paradigms in its approved indications. Ongoing studies will determine its movement to the front-line setting in these and other B cell disorders, as well as combination approaches.
A Performance Analysis of Multi-Agent Systems

In this paper, a performance analysis and a comparison of the Grasshopper and Jade agent platforms is presented. The analysis focuses on the measurement of average round trip times (RTT) needed for a circular exchange of messages, the data transferred during a certain period of time, and message overhead. Tests were performed with different message sizes and coding techniques and the obtained results are presented. A case study was conducted which includes a comparison of two versions of a multi-agent system, called Multi-Agent Remote Maintenance Shell (MARMS), based on two different agent platforms. Presented is a performance analysis of the execution- of management operations on the two versions tested. The analysis focuses on two parameters: the time needed for operation completion and the traffic generated during execution.
Role mining with ORCA

With continuously growing numbers of applications, enterprises face the problem of efficiently managing the assignment of access permissions to their users. On the one hand, security demands a tight regime on permissions; on the other hand, users need permissions to perform their tasks. Role-based access control (RBAC) has proven to be a solution to this problem but relies on a well-defined set of role definitions, a role concept for the enterprise in question. The definition of a role concept (role engineering) is a difficult task traditionally performed via interviews and workshops. However, often users already have the permissions that they need to do their jobs, and roles can be derived from these permission assignments using data mining technology, thus giving the process of role concept definition a head-start.In this paper, we present the ORCA role mining tool and its algorithm. The algorithm performs a cluster analysis on permission assignments to build a hierarchy of permission clusters and presents the results to the user in graphical form. It allows the user to interactively add expert knowledge to guide the clustering algorithm. The tool provides valuable insights into the permission structures of an enterprise and delivers an initial role hierarchy for the definition of an enterprise role concept using a bottom-up approach.
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell remaining useful life prognostics considering degradation recovery phenomena

This work explores the challenges of handling the recovery phenomena in the degradation behavior of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells, from the perspective of the prognostics. An adaptive prognostics and health management approach with additional knowledge, such as the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, from the state of health characterization, is applied on two fuel cell stacks under both stationary and quasi-dynamic operating regimes. Some improvements in the prognostic performance are obtained in the view of the remaining useful life predictions by comparing with a classical particle filtering–based prognostic approach.
Occurrence of Ventricular Arrhythmias with Exercise as Compared to Monitoring

Treadmill exercise testing and prolonged ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring were compared for their ability to reveal ventricular ectopic activity in 81 patients. Both proved more effective than a 3-minute standard electrocardiogram (ECG) in displaying ventricular arrhythmias. Of 66 patients in whom the resting ECG was normal, prolonged monitoring was positive for arrhythmia in 18, or 27%, whereas exercise was positive in 26, or 39%. In 12 cases ventricular arrhythmia was recorded only with exercise. In addition to displaying an increased incidence of arrhythmia, exercise also revealed more serious rhythm abnormalities which would not have been suspected on monitoring alone. This was true in patients with and without coronary heart disease (CHD). Thus, exercise is an effective means of eliciting suspected arrhythmias. The prognostic significance of exercise-induced arrhythmias in patients with CHD remains to be determined.
A randomized trial of adenotonsillectomy for childhood sleep apnea.

BACKGROUND Adenotonsillectomy is commonly performed in children with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, yet its usefulness in reducing symptoms and improving cognition, behavior, quality of life, and polysomnographic findings has not been rigorously evaluated. We hypothesized that, in children with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome without prolonged oxyhemoglobin desaturation, early adenotonsillectomy, as compared with watchful waiting with supportive care, would result in improved outcomes. METHODS We randomly assigned 464 children, 5 to 9 years of age, with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome to early adenotonsillectomy or a strategy of watchful waiting. Polysomnographic, cognitive, behavioral, and health outcomes were assessed at baseline and at 7 months. RESULTS The average baseline value for the primary outcome, the attention and executive-function score on the Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment (with scores ranging from 50 to 150 and higher scores indicating better functioning), was close to the population mean of 100, and the change from baseline to follow-up did not differ significantly according to study group (mean [±SD] improvement, 7.1±13.9 in the early-adenotonsillectomy group and 5.1±13.4 in the watchful-waiting group; P=0.16). In contrast, there were significantly greater improvements in behavioral, quality-of-life, and polysomnographic findings and significantly greater reduction in symptoms in the early-adenotonsillectomy group than in the watchful-waiting group. Normalization of polysomnographic findings was observed in a larger proportion of children in the early-adenotonsillectomy group than in the watchful-waiting group (79% vs. 46%). CONCLUSIONS As compared with a strategy of watchful waiting, surgical treatment for the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in school-age children did not significantly improve attention or executive function as measured by neuropsychological testing but did reduce symptoms and improve secondary outcomes of behavior, quality of life, and polysomnographic findings, thus providing evidence of beneficial effects of early adenotonsillectomy. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health; CHAT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00560859.).
Boundary Stabilization of the Navier-Stokes Equations in the Case of Mixed Boundary Conditions

We study the boundary feedback stabilization, around an unstable stationary solution, of a two dimensional fluid flow described by the Navier--Stokes equations with mixed boundary conditions. The control is a localized Dirichlet boundary control. A feedback control law is determined by stabilizing the linearized Navier--Stokes equations around the unstable stationary solution. We prove that the linear feedback law locally stabilizes the Navier--Stokes system. Thus, we extend results previously known in the case when the boundary of the geometrical domain is regular and when only Dirichlet boundary conditions are present to the case with mixed boundary conditions.
Preparation and Quality Evaluation of Dehydrated Carrot and Onion Slices

Studies were conducted to determine the effect of different drying temperatures on the carrot and onion slices that were blanched with hot water and potassium meta bisulphite (KMS) then dipped in 0.25% for 20 min. Pre-treated to drying carrot and onion slices were dehydrated in cabinet tray dryer at four different temperatures viz. 50°C, 60°C, 70°C and 80°C. Dehydrated products were then packed in LDPE and stored at ambient temperatures. The products were analysed for physico-chemical, microbial and sensory attributes at regular interval of 0 days, 15 days and 30 days during one-month storage period, the results were compared with the control sample. It was observed that moisture content and rehydration ratio increased during storage period but moisture content showed decreasing trend with increasing temperatures. There was decrease in β-carotene, Vitamin A content and organoleptic properties. However, no significant effect on ash content was observed during storage. The treated samples showed better nutritive value than the control sample. Finished product had no mould count which means the product remained microbiologically sterile during entire storage period. It was observed that the products dehydrated at 50°C and 60°C were best among all the samples.
Grape seed extract prevents azathioprine toxicity in rats

Azathioprine (Aza) is an important drug commonly used in the therapy of autoimmune system disorders. It induces hepatotoxicity and hazard effects that restrict its use. The effects of administration of grape seed extract and folic acid on Aza toxicity by gavage (simultaneously) daily for 4 weeks were studied by determining the changes in some hematological parameters and liver histology. The glutathione level (GSH) and lipid peroxidation content as malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver tissue were measured. The repeated intake of Aza (25 mg/kg body weight) induced anemia characterized by decreased erythrocyte and leukocyte counts and reticulocyte and hematocrit percentages, while the prothrombin time was significantly increased. Moreover, Aza caused a significant decrease in phagocytic activity and lymphocyte percentage. Aza induced hepatic damage as indicated by pronounced changes in the histological structure, a significant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and MDA content in the liver tissue. Meanwhile, the GSH activity was significantly decreased. Co‐treatment with grape seed extract and Aza minimized the previously mentioned hazard effects of Aza and significantly protected the hepatic tissue by ameliorating the antioxidant activity. Folic acid administration, simultaneously, with Aza only improved the anemia. It may be concluded that grape seed extract is a useful herbal remedy, especially for controlling oxidative damages and is considered as a potent protective agent against Aza hepatotoxicity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implicit Queries for Email

Implicit query systems examine a document and automatically conduct searches for the most relevant information. In this paper, we offer three contributions to implicit query research. First, we show how to use query logs from a search engine: by constraining results to commonly issued queries, we can get dramatic improvements. Second, we describe a method for optimizing parameters for an implicit query system, by using logistic regression training. The method is designed to estimate the probability that any particular suggested query is a good one. Third, we show which features beyond standard TF-IDF features are most helpful in our logistic regression model: query frequency information, capitalization information, subject line information, and message length information. Using the optimization method and the additional features, we are able to produce a system with up to 6 times better results on top-1 score than a simple TF-IDF system.
Endothelial Keratoplasty: A Review of Indications at a Tertiary Eye Care Centre in South India

PurposeThe objective of this study was to review the indications for endothelial keratoplasty (EK) performed at a tertiary eye care center in South India between January 2007 and December 2011. DesignThis was a hospital-based, cross-sectional study. MethodsA retrospective analysis of the indications of EK surgeries between January 2007 and December 2011 was done using the Corneal Tissue Utilization Register available with the Ramayamma International Eye Bank, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India. Additional data such as age, sex, and socioeconomic status of the transplant recipients were obtained from the Medical Records Department, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute. ResultsData were available for 1048 EK surgeries performed on 978 patients. The number of EK surgeries increased from 40 in 2007 to 232 in 2011. The median age of the patients was 58 years (range, 5 months to 92 years) with a male-female ratio of 1.5:1. The clinical indications for EK were pseudophakic corneal edema (47.9%), failed prior penetrating keratoplasty (20.0%), Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (10.8%), aphakic corneal edema (6.0%), failed prior EK (4.3%), congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (1.8%), Descemet membrane detachment/tear (1.6%), iridocorneal endothelial syndrome (1.4%), and corneal edema due to other reasons (6.2%). ConclusionsThe most common indication for EK was pseudophakic corneal edema, followed by post–penetrating keratoplasty graft failure and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy.
Railway Timetabling Using Lagrangian Relaxation

We present a novel optimization approach for the timetabling problem of a railway company, i.e., scheduling of a set of trains to obtain a profit maximizing timetable, while not violating track capacity constraints. The scheduling decisions are based on estimates of the value of running different types of service at specified times. We model the problem as a very large integer programming problem. The model is flexible in that it allows for general cost functions. We have used a Lagrangian relaxation solution approach, in which the track capacity constraints are relaxed and assigned prices, so that the problem separates into one dynamic program for each physical train. The number of dual variables is very large. However, it turns out that only a sm all fraction of these are nonzero, which one may take advantage of in the dual updating schemes. The approach has been tested on a realistic example suggested by the Swedish National Railway Administration. This example contains 18 passenger trains and 8 freight trains to be scheduled during a day on a stretch of single track, consisting of 17 stations. The computation times are rather modest and the obtained timetables are within a few percent of optimality.
Thiorphan-Induced Survival and Proliferation of Rat Thymocytes by Activation of Akt/Survivin Pathway and Inhibition of Caspase-3 Activity

The activity of substance P (SP) in the rat thymus seems to be tightly controlled by its bioavailability. In this study, we provide evidence for the expression of the SP-degrading enzyme, neutral endopeptidase (NEP)/CD10, by rat thymocyte subsets, and we illustrate its involvement in the in vivo SP/neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R)-mediated regulation of thymocyte survival and proliferation. NEP/CD10 was expressed at both mRNA and protein levels on a substantial portion (45.5%) of CD5+ thymocytes, namely on the CD4+CD8+ (double positive; DP) and CD4+ subsets. Continuous administration of thiorphan, a specific NEP/CD10 inhibitor, by means of miniosmotic pumps, enhanced rat thymocyte preprotachykinin-A (PPT-A) and NK1R mRNA expression as well as SP and NK1R protein levels in an NK1R-dependent manner. Thiorphan increased CD10+CD4+ and CD10+DP thymocyte numbers, and an NK1R antagonist, (S)1-{2-[3(3-4-dichlorophenyl)-1-(3-iso-propoxyphenylacetyl)-piperidine-3-yl]ethyl}-4-pheny-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2. 2]octane, chloride (SR140333), abrogated these stimulatory effects. In addition, the NEP/CD10 inhibitor stimulated interleukin (IL)-2 production, IL-2 receptor α chain expression, and concanavalin A-induced proliferation of CD5+ thymocytes, and it inhibited spontaneous and NK1R-dependent thymocyte apoptosis. The thiorphan-protective antiapoptotic and proliferative effects involved the activation of Akt serine-threonine kinase, subsequent up-regulation of survivin mRNA, down-regulation of procaspase-3 mRNA levels, and suppression of caspase-3 activity, which were inhibited by SR140333 and mimicked by exogenous SP administration. Overall, our findings suggest that by controlling SP availability, NEP/CD10 negatively regulates thymocyte homeostasis and development.