Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic patterning of excess alcohol consumption and binge drinking: a cross-sectional study of multilevel associations with neighbourhood deprivation

Objectives The influence of neighbourhood deprivation on the risk of harmful alcohol consumption, measured by the separate categories of excess consumption and binge drinking, has not been studied. The study objective was to investigate the effect of neighbourhood deprivation with age, gender and socioeconomic status (SES) on (1) excess alcohol consumption and (2) binge drinking, in a representative population survey. Design Cross-sectional study: multilevel analysis. Setting Wales, UK, adult population ∼2.2 million. Participants 58 282 respondents aged 18 years and over to four successive annual Welsh Health Surveys (2003/2004–2007), nested within 32 692 households, 1839 census lower super output areas and the 22 unitary authority areas in Wales. Primary outcome measure Maximal daily alcohol consumption during the past week was categorised using the UK Department of Health definition of ‘none/never drinks’, ‘within guidelines’, ‘excess consumption but less than binge’ and ‘binge’. The data were analysed using continuation ratio ordinal multilevel models with multiple imputation for missing covariates. Results Respondents in the most deprived neighbourhoods were more likely to binge drink than in the least deprived (adjusted estimates: 17.5% vs 10.6%; difference=6.9%, 95% CI 6.0 to 7.8), but were less likely to report excess consumption (17.6% vs 21.3%; difference=3.7%, 95% CI 2.6 to 4.8). The effect of deprivation varied significantly with age and gender, but not with SES. Younger men in deprived neighbourhoods were most likely to binge drink. Men aged 35–64 showed the steepest increase in binge drinking in deprived neighbourhoods, but men aged 18–24 showed a smaller increase with deprivation. Conclusions This large-scale population study is the first to show that neighbourhood deprivation acts differentially on the risk of binge drinking between men and women at different age groups. Understanding the socioeconomic patterns of harmful alcohol consumption is important for public health policy development.
Extensions of Infinite Partition Regular Systems

A finite or infinite matrix $A$ with rational entries (and only finitely many non-zero entries in each row) is called image partition regular if, whenever the natural numbers are finitely coloured, there is a vector $x$, with entries in the natural numbers, such that $Ax$ is monochromatic. Many of the classicial results of Ramsey theory are naturally stated in terms of image partition regularity. Our aim in this paper is to investigate maximality questions for image partition regular matrices. When is it possible to add rows on to $A$ and remain image partition regular? When can one add rows but `nothing new is produced'? What about adding rows and also new variables? We prove some results about extensions of the most interesting infinite systems, and make several conjectures. Our most surprising positive result is a compatibility result for Milliken-Taylor systems, stating that (in many cases) one may adjoin one Milliken-Taylor system to a translate of another and remain image partition regular. This is in contrast to earlier results, which had suggested a strong inconsistency between different Milliken-Taylor systems. Our main tools for this are some algebraic properties of $\beta {\mathbb N}$, the Stone- C ech compactification of the natural numbers.
Counterfactual thinking about actions and failures to act.

When people think counterfactually about how a situation could have turned out differently, they mentally undo events in regular ways (e.g., they focus on actions not failures to act). Four experiments examine the recent discovery that the focus on actions in the short term switches to inactions in the long term. The experiments show that this temporal switch occurs only for particular sorts of situations. Experiment 1 showed no temporal pattern to the agency effect when 112 participants judged emotional impact and frequency of "if-only" thoughts from both short- and long-term perspectives for an investment scenario. Experiment 2 showed no temporal pattern when 190 participants considered a college choice scenario with a good outcome. Experiment 3 showed no temporal pattern when 131 participants considered an investment scenario even when the situation for the actor and nonactor was bad from the outset. Experiment 4, with 113 participants, showed a focus on actions even when the investment loss was equal for both the actor and nonactor. The implications of the results are discussed in terms of what is explicitly available in the mental representation of actions and inactions.
A Better Characterization of Spinal Cord Damage in Multiple Sclerosis: A Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging Study

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The spinal cord is a site of predilection for MS lesions. While diffusion tensor imaging is useful for the study of anisotropic systems such as WM tracts, it is of more limited utility in tissues with more isotropic microstructures (on the length scales studied with diffusion MR imaging) such as gray matter. In contrast, diffusional kurtosis imaging, which measures both Gaussian and non-Gaussian properties of water diffusion, provides more biomarkers of both anisotropic and isotropic structural changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the cervical spinal cord of patients with MS and to characterize lesional and normal-appearing gray matter and WM damage by using diffusional kurtosis imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen patients (13 women, mean age = 41.1 ± 10.7 years) and 16 controls (7 women, mean age = 35.6 ± 11.2-years) underwent MR imaging of the cervical spinal cord on a 3T scanner (T2 TSE, T1 magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition of gradient echo, diffusional kurtosis imaging, T2 fast low-angle shot). Fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, and mean kurtosis were measured on the whole cord and in normal-appearing gray matter and WM. RESULTS: Spinal cord T2-hyperintense lesions were identified in 18 patients. Whole spinal cord fractional anisotropy and mean kurtosis (P = .0009, P = .003), WM fractional anisotropy (P = .01), and gray matter mean kurtosis (P = .006) were significantly decreased, and whole spinal cord mean diffusivity (P = .009) was increased in patients compared with controls. Mean spinal cord area was significantly lower in patients (P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: Diffusional kurtosis imaging of the spinal cord can provide a more comprehensive characterization of lesions and normal-appearing WM and gray matter damage in patients with MS. Diffusional kurtosis imaging can provide additional and complementary information to DTI on spinal cord pathology.
Optimal multi-distributed generation placement by adaptive weight particle swarm optimization

This paper proposes an adaptive weight particle swarm optimization (APSO) for solving optimal distributed generation (DG) placement. APSO has ability to control velocity of particles. The objective is to minimize the real power loss within acceptable voltage limits. Four types of DG are considered including DG supplying real power only, DG supplying reactive power only, DG supplying real power and consume reactive power, DG supplying real power and reactive power, representing photovoltaic, synchronous condenser, wind turbines, and hydro power, respectively. The test systems include 33-bus and 69-bus radial distribution systems. With a given number of DGs in each type, APSO could find the optimal sizes and locations of multi-DG which result in less total power system loss than basic particle swarm optimization (BPSO) and repetitive load flow. Moreover, if the number of DG increases from one to three, the total power loss will decrease for all types.
Loaded with Fun? The Impact of Enjoyment and Cognitive Load on Brand Retention in Digital Games

ABSTRACT Several studies on in-game advertising have shown that, in line with flow theory, enjoyment increases brand recall. Others, in line with Lang's limited capacity model of motivated mediated message processing (LC4MP), have yielded opposite results, suggesting that higher cognitive load associated with the interactive nature of digital games have an adverse effect. A between-subjects experiment (N = 561) demonstrates the important impact of visual and auditory feedback on enjoyment and its subsequent effects on brand recall. Players experience more enjoyment when the character's facial expression, vocal sounds, and a progress bar confirm their achievement. The results showed a negative effect of enjoyment on recognition and a negative effect of cognitive load on implicit recall. A negative interaction effect of enjoyment and cognitive load on free recall was found.
A SEARCH FOR IRON EMISSION LINES IN THE CHANDRA X-RAY SPECTRA OF NEUTRON STAR LOW-MASS X-RAY BINARIES

While iron emission lines are well studied in black hole systems, both in X-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei, there has been less of a focus on these lines in neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). However, recent observations with Suzaku and XMM-Newton have revealed broad, asymmetric iron line profiles in three neutron star LMXBs, confirming an inner disk origin for these lines in neutron star systems. Here, we present a search for iron lines in six neutron star LMXBs. For each object we have simultaneous Chandra and RXTE observations at two separate epochs, allowing for both a high-resolution spectrum and broadband spectral coverage. Out of the six objects in the survey, we only find significant iron lines in two of the objects, GX 17+2 and GX 349+2. However, we cannot rule out that there are weak, broad lines present in the other sources. The equivalent width of the line in GX 17+2 is consistent between the two epochs, while in GX 349+2 the line equivalent width increases by a factor of ∼3 between epochs as the source flux decreases by a factor of 1.3. This suggests that the disk is highly ionized, and the line is dominated by recombination emission. We find that there appears to be no specific locations in the long-term hardness–intensity diagrams where iron emission lines are formed, though more sources and further observations are required.
A Physical Channel Model for Nanoscale Neuro-Spike Communications

Nanoscale communications is an appealing domain in nanotechnology. Novel nanoscale communications techniques are currently being devised inspired by some naturally existing phenomena such as the molecular communications governing cellular signaling mechanisms. Among these, neuro-spike communications, which governs the communications between neurons, is a vastly unexplored area. The ultimate goal of this paper is to accurately investigate nanoscale neuro-spike communications characteristics through the development of a realistic physical channel model between two neurons. The neuro-spike communications channel is analyzed based on the probability of error and delay in spike detection at the output. The derived communication theoretical channel model may help designing novel artificial nanoscale communications methods for the realization of future practical nanonetworks, which are the interconnections of nanomachines.
Window-based feature extraction framework for multi-sensor data: A posture recognition case study

The article introduces a novel mechanism for automatic extraction of features from streams of numerical data. It was originally designed for the purpose of processing multiple streams of readings generated by sensors in coal mines. The original research was conducted on methane concentration analysis in the DISESOR project. The article demonstrates an application of the elaborated mechanism for the case of tagging short series of readings from sensors that monitor activities and movements of firefighters during the action with labels corresponding to firefighter activities. The purpose of the experiment was to assess how the automatic feature extraction and construction of classifiers (without parameters tuning and without the use of classifier ensembles) can cope with the competition's task in comparison to other participants.
The Relationship between Professional Ethics with Knowledge Management and Job Involvement

Background and Aim: Knowledge management and job involvement are critical requirements for today's organizations that this can be developed in the light of professional ethics. By understanding these issues, present study aims to evaluate the relationship between professional ethics with knowledge management and job involvement. Materials and Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlative. Statistical population was all female teachers of Zahedan high school in the academic years 1394-95 (175 people). By stratified random method, 120 high school female teachers through three questionnaires professional ethics (Gregory, 1990), knowledge management (Bhatt, 2001) and job involvement ( Lodahl & Kejnar, 1965) were studied.To analyze the data, from the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression were used with the help SPSS21 software. Findings: The correlation coefficients of professional ethics and its components: dependable, ambitious, considerate, cooperative respectively with knowledge management were 0/346, 0/395, 0/234, 0/219 and 0/216. The results also showed that 18/2 percent of the variance in knowledge management professional ethics explain that the only component dependable between the components of professional ethics to do with the amount of β (0/51) of the predictive power of knowledge management. Other findings showed that the correlation coefficients of professional ethics and its components: dependable, ambitious, considerate, cooperative respectively with job involvement were 0/497, 0/519, 0/412, 0/292 and 0/31 respectively. The results also showed that 29/3 percent of the variance in job involvement of professional ethics explains that the only component dependable of professional ethics to do with the amount of β (0/486) had the power to predict job engagement. Conclusion: According to the findings to your school administrators recommended that efforts to establish ethical work environment and encourage teachers to focus on their business activities . So that in this way we hoped teachers to improve knowledge management and job involvement. Please cite this article as: Shojayifar Z, Marzieh A, Nastiezaie N. The Relationship between Professional Ethics with Knowledge Management and Job Involvement. Iran J Bioethics 2017; 7(23): 17-28.
International Conference on Information Systems ( ICIS ) 2010 UNDERSTANDING THE INFORMATIONAL SOCIAL INFLUENCE OF ONLINE REVIEW PLATFORMS

Online review platforms have become a basis for many consumers to make informed decisions. This type of platforms is rich in review messages and review contributors. For marketers, the platforms’ practical importance is its influence on business outcomes. In the individual level, however, little research has investigated the impacts of a platform on consumer decision-making process. In this research, we use the heuristic-systematic model to explain how consumers establish their decision based on processing review messages on the platform. We build a research model and propose impacts of different constructs established from the systematic and heuristic processing of review messages. Survey data from a Chinese online review platform generally supports our hypotheses, except that the heuristic cue, source credibility, fails to affect consumers’ behavioral intention. Based on the findings, we discuss implications for both researchers and practitioners. We further point out limitations and suggest opportunities for future research.
Diet analysis in piscivorous birds: What can the addition of molecular tools offer?

Abstract In trophic studies on piscivorous birds, it is vital to know which kind of dietary sample provides the information of interest and how the prey can be identified reliably and efficiently. Often, noninvasively obtained dietary samples such as regurgitated pellets, feces, and regurgitated fish samples are the preferred source of information. Fish prey has usually been identified via morphological analysis of undigested hard parts, but molecular approaches are being increasingly used for this purpose. What remains unknown, however, is which dietary sample type is best suited for molecular diet analysis and how the molecular results compare to those obtained by morphological analysis. Pellets, feces, and regurgitated fish samples of Great Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) were examined for prey using both morphological hard part analysis and molecular prey identification. The sample types and methods were compared regarding number of species detected (overall and per sample) as well as the prey species composition and its variability among individual samples. Via molecular analysis, significantly higher numbers of prey species were detected in pellets, feces, and fish samples. Of the three sample types, pellets contained the most comprehensive trophic information and could be obtained with the lowest sampling effort. Contrastingly, dietary information obtained from feces was least informative and most variable. For all sample types, the molecular approach outperformed morphological hard part identification regarding the detectable prey spectrum and prey species composition. We recommend the use of pellets in combination with molecular prey identification to study the diet of piscivorous birds.
Group Behavioural Responses of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) to Light, Infrasound and Sound Stimuli

Understanding species-specific flight behaviours is essential in developing methods of guiding fish spatially, and requires knowledge on how groups of fish respond to aversive stimuli. By harnessing their natural behaviours, the use of physical manipulation or other potentially harmful procedures can be minimised. We examined the reactions of sea-caged groups of 50 salmon (1331±364 g) to short-term exposure to visual or acoustic stimuli. In light experiments, fish were exposed to one of three intensities of blue LED light (high, medium and low) or no light (control). Sound experiments included exposure to infrasound (12 Hz), a surface disturbance event, the combination of infrasound and surface disturbance, or no stimuli. Groups that experienced light, infrasound, and the combination of infrasound and surface disturbance treatments, elicited a marked change in vertical distribution, where fish dived to the bottom of the sea-cage for the duration of the stimulus. Light treatments, but not sound, also reduced the total echo-signal strength (indicative of swim bladder volume) after exposure to light, compared to pre-stimulus levels. Groups in infrasound and combination treatments showed increased swimming activity during stimulus application, with swimming speeds tripled compared to that of controls. In all light and sound treatments, fish returned to their pre-stimulus swimming depths and speeds once exposure had ceased. This work establishes consistent, short-term avoidance responses to these stimuli, and provides a basis for methods to guide fish for aquaculture applications, or create avoidance barriers for conservation purposes. In doing so, we can achieve the manipulation of group position with minimal welfare impacts, to create more sustainable practices.
Where Has All the Money Gone? Foreign Aid and the Composition of Government Spending

Abstract This paper examines the link between foreign aid and the composition of government spending in aid-recipient countries. Two questions are addressed: (i) does foreign aid crowd out government spending in aid-recipient countries, and (ii) does the degree of fungibility vary across different categories of aid? Using a panel dataset of 67 countries for 1972-2000 we find that at the aggregate level about 70 percent of total aid is fungible. We also find that aid targeted for public investment crowds out about 80-90 percent of domestic government spending on public investment. Aid does not affect private investment, but has a strong positive impact on household consumption. The results are also robust to checks for causality. These findings are significant, since more than two-thirds of all aid flows to developing countries are tied to public investment projects.
The influence of school holiday timing on epidemic impact

SUMMARY The impact of reactive school closure on an epidemic is uncertain, since it is not clear how an unplanned closure will affect social mixing patterns. The effect of school holidays on social mixing patterns is better understood. Here, we use mathematical models to explore the influence of the timing of school holidays on the final size and peak incidence of an influenza-like epidemic. A well-timed holiday can reduce the impact of an epidemic, in particular substantially reducing an epidemic's peak. Final size and peak incidence cannot both be minimized: a later holiday is optimal for minimizing the final size, while an earlier holiday minimizes peak incidence. Using social mixing data from the UK, we estimated that, had the 2009 influenza epidemic not been interrupted by the school summer holidays, the final size would have been about 20% larger and the peak about 170% higher.
Analisis pengaruh trust dan risk dalam penerimaan teknologi dompet elektronik Go-Pay

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengamati penggunakan pembayaran elektronik dengan menggunakan dompet elektronik (dompet elektronik) yang ditawarkan oleh Go-Jek. Dompet elektronik telah dipandang sebagai sebuah fasilitas yang memberikan kenyamanan dan kemudahan dalam bertransaksi. Namun demikian, banyak orang memandang bahwa teknologi ini juga memiliki risiko, terutama karena disebabkan terkait dengan pembayaran. Meskipun mengandung risiko menurut sebagaian orang, banyak pula pelanggan yang masih mempercainya dan tetap menggunakannya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mempertimbangkan faktor risiko dan kepercayaan untuk mengembangkan Technology Acceptance Model yang komprehensif. Temuan empiris menunjukkan bahwa baik risiko maupun kepercayaan berpengaruh terhadap penerimaan teknologi pembayaran elektronik. Saran untuk penelitian lanjutan juga disajikan di akhir paper ini.
Rough set techniques for medical diagnosis systems

The process of discovering natural phenomena or complex system was until recently limited to finding formulas that fit empirical data. This process used with success in science and engineering has its limits when the complexity of the natural processes increases. Therefore, to analyze data in the medical domain an alternative approach was needed. Several mathematical methods including neural nets, inductive learning fuzzy sets and rough sets were proposed to model data in the form of decision tables or rules. Pawlak's rough sets theory for handling imprecision and uncertainty in data has a main advantage over the other techniques which is the possibility to analyze data without any preliminary information what favor its usage in medical decision systems. In this paper we present the results of rule generation from our implementation of the LEM2 algorithm on reduced sets of attributes calculated using the Wrapper method with different learning algorithms