Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parents’ Decision Making and Their Information Needs Concerning Treatments for Child Anxiety: Implications for Family-Centered Practice

Collaborative decision making is a central feature of family-centered practice and is important to families in treatment planning. This study explored parents’ preferences for decision making involvement and their information needs regarding treatment for child anxiety. Qualitative interviews conducted with 19 parents revealed four main themes: (1) parents regard themselves as protectors, (2) parents desire involvement in decision making, (3) information is key in decision making, and (4) not all treatments are perceived as equal. Parents reported a strong desire to maintain control over the final treatment decision. They preferred a wide range of information about treatment and the health-care provider. Implications for implementing family-centered practice are discussed.
Paired coral Sr/Ca and δ18O records from the Chagos Archipelago: Late twentieth century warming affects rainfall variability in the tropical Indian Ocean

Understanding the relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) and precipitation is a significant challenge for climate models, particularly for the tropics. Here we present a new monthly coral Sr/Ca record from the tropical Indian Ocean (Chagos Archipelago) that extends from 1950 to 1995. The coral Sr/Ca ratio shows a stationary relationship with local SST, and documents a warming of 0.3 °C since 1950. Previous work has shown that the δ 18 O values measured in the same coral core provide a proxy record of precipitation in the tropical Indian Ocean. The coral δ 18 O record shows a nonstationary relationship with local SST, and a correlation between δ 18 O and SST only emerges in the 1970s. It was proposed that this nonstationary behavior is due to an increase in mean SSTs in the tropical Indian Ocean. During the 1970s, SSTs reached a critical threshold (28.5 °C) beyond which small SST anomalies can have a significant impact on atmospheric convection. As a result, the covariance between SST and precipitation in the tropical Indian Ocean increased. Our new Sr/Ca data confirm that the warming of the Indian Ocean during the late twentieth century affects atmospheric convection and rainfall variability. Moreover, our proxy data show that the relationship between SST and precipitation is nonlinear and characterized by threshold behavior.
Perceived Criticality and Contributions in Public Good Dilemmas: A Matter of Feeling Responsible to all?

The present research examined the assumption that the higher the probability that decision-makers perceive their contribution to be critical to the group outcome the higher the chance that they will contribute. Contrary to the widely accepted view that highly critical people contribute more because it is in their self-interest to do so, the authors argue that this criticality effect may also be explained, at least partly, in terms of decision-makers’ focus on the consequences of own behavior on other’s outcomes. In line with this, it was hypothesized that high perceived criticality activates feelings of social responsibility (which includes an other-oriented approach) and in turn influences contributions. Across three studies, using a linear public good dilemma, a step-level dilemma with different monetary endowments, and a sequential step-level dilemma, supportive evidence for this hypothesis was found. These results suggest that the self-interest explanation is too limited to fully account for the criti.
The Review of Economics and Statistics

This paper develops a method for solving the identification problem that arises in simultaneous-equation models. It is based on the heteroskedasticity of the structural shocks. For simplicity, I consider heteroskedasticity that can be described as a two-regime process and show that the system is just identified. I discuss identification under general conditions, such as more than two regimes, when common unobservable shocks exist, and situations in which the nature of the heteroskedasticity is misspecified. Finally, I use this methodology to measure the contemporaneous relationship between the returns on Argentinean, Brazilian, and Mexican sovereign bonds—a case in which standard identification methodologies do not apply.
Crystal Structure of Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin Displays Features of β-Pore-forming Toxins*

Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) is a cause of food poisoning and is considered a pore-forming toxin, which damages target cells by disrupting the selective permeability of the plasma membrane. However, the pore-forming mechanism and the structural characteristics of the pores are not well documented. Here, we present the structure of CPE determined by x-ray crystallography at 2.0 Å. The overall structure of CPE displays an elongated shape, composed of three distinct domains, I, II, and III. Domain I corresponds to the region that was formerly referred to as C-CPE, which is responsible for binding to the specific receptor claudin. Domains II and III comprise a characteristic module, which resembles those of β-pore-forming toxins such as aerolysin, C. perfringens ϵ-toxin, and Laetiporus sulfureus hemolytic pore-forming lectin. The module is mainly made up of β-strands, two of which span its entire length. Domain II and domain III have three short β-strands each, by which they are distinguished. In addition, domain II has an α-helix lying on the β-strands. The sequence of amino acids composing the α-helix and preceding β-strand demonstrates an alternating pattern of hydrophobic residues that is characteristic of transmembrane domains forming β-barrel-made pores. These structural features imply that CPE is a β-pore-forming toxin. We also hypothesize that the transmembrane domain is inserted into the membrane upon the buckling of the two long β-strands spanning the module, a mechanism analogous to that of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysins.
ERP Characterization of Sustained Attention Effects in Visual Lexical Categorization

As our understanding of the basic processes underlying reading is growing, the key role played by attention in this process becomes evident. Two research topics are of particular interest in this domain: (1) it is still undetermined whether sustained attention affects lexical decision tasks; (2) the influence of attention on early visual processing (i.e., before orthographic or lexico-semantic processing stages) remains largely under-specified. Here we investigated early perceptual modulations by sustained attention using an ERP paradigm adapted from Thierry et al. [1]. Participants had to decide whether visual stimuli presented in pairs pertained to a pre-specified category (lexical categorization focus on word or pseudoword pairs). Depending on the lexical category of the first item of a pair, participants either needed to fully process the second item (hold condition) or could release their attention and make a decision without full processing of the second item (release condition). The P1 peak was unaffected by sustained attention. The N1 was delayed and reduced after the second item of a pair when participants released their attention. Release of sustained attention also reduced a P3 wave elicited by the first item of a pair and abolished the P3 wave elicited by the second. Our results are consistent with differential effects of sustained attention on early processing stages and working memory. Sustained attention modulated early processing stages during a lexical decision task without inhibiting the process of stimulus integration. On the contrary, working memory involvement/updating was highly dependent upon the allocation of sustained attention. Moreover, the influence of sustained attention on both early and late cognitive processes was independent of lexical categorization focus.
From Curriculum to Activism: a graduate degree program in literacy to develop teachers as leaders for equity through action research

Abstract This article presents findings from a 2-year reflexive action research study of a cohort-based Master's degree program in literacy for practicing teachers. Questions revolved around whether and how the program brought about changes in candidates' conceptions about literacy, expertise in literacy, and leadership/activist skills to foster equity in their classrooms and schools. Faculty used data from action research to make cyclical changes to the program each semester. Data sources included candidate interviews, e-mail correspondence, course notes, classroom observations, questionnaires and a survey. The candidates own evolving action research projects within their schools also became data sources. A qualitative analysis suggests that the program was generally successful in meeting its goals. The elements of the program contributing to its success were: the evolving program design based on action research data; the collegiality of the cohort; broadening conceptions of literacy; learning action research; and developing leadership skills. Factors contributing to factors around which candidates failed to meet these goals are also explored.
DARLA: Improving Zero-Shot Transfer in Reinforcement Learning

Domain adaptation is an important open problem in deep reinforcement learning (RL). In many scenarios of interest data is hard to obtain, so agents may learn a source policy in a setting where data is readily available, with the hope that it generalises well to the target domain. We propose a new multi-stage RL agent, DARLA (DisentAngled Representation Learning Agent), which learns to see before learning to act. DARLA's vision is based on learning a disentangled representation of the observed environment. Once DARLA can see, it is able to acquire source policies that are robust to many domain shifts - even with no access to the target domain. DARLA significantly outperforms conventional baselines in zero-shot domain adaptation scenarios, an effect that holds across a variety of RL environments (Jaco arm, DeepMind Lab) and base RL algorithms (DQN, A3C and EC).
Effects of rotation and input energy flux on convective overshooting

Abstract We study convective overshooting by means of local 3D convection calculations. Using a mixing length model of the solar convection zone (CZ) as a guide, we determine the Coriolis number (Co), which is the inverse of the Rossby number, to be of the order of ten or larger at the base of the solar CZ. Therefore we perform convection calculations in the range Co = 0. 10 and interpret the value of Co realised in the calculation to represent a depth in the solar CZ. In order to study the dependence on rotation, we compute the mixing length parameters αT and αu relating the temperature and velocity fluctuations, respectively, to the mean thermal stratification. We find that the mixing length parameters for the rapid rotation case, corresponding to the base of the solar CZ, are 3-5 times smaller than in the nonrotating case. Introducing such depth-dependent α into a solar structure model employing a non-local mixing length formalism results in overshooting which is approximately proportional to α at the base of the CZ. Although overshooting is reduced due to the reduced α, a discrepancy with helioseismology remains due to the steep transition to the radiative temperature gradient. In comparison to the mixing length models the transition at the base of the CZ is much gentler in the 3D models. It was suggested recently (Rempel 2004) that this discrepancy is due to the significantly larger (up to seven orders of magnitude) input energy flux in the 3D models in comparison to the Sun and solar models, and that the 3D calculations should be able to approach the mixing length regime if the input energy flux is decreased by a moderate amount. We present results from local convection calculations which support this conjecture.
F₀ in the Production and Perception of Breathy Stops: Evidence from Hindi

Abstract This article deals with the acoustical and perceptual importance of F₀ perturbations in word-initial breathy CV syllables of Hindi. The first part is devoted to the acoustical analysis of F₀ onset, F₀ trajectory, average F₀ of the breathy and steady portion, and duration of the breathy portion. It is concluded from the results that (i) F₀ perturbations are a function of the place of articulation of the stop and/or tongue height and/or tongue position of the vowel; (ii) F₀ onset reflects the larynx height and/or the activity of extrinsic larynx muscles, and (iii) the F₀ trajectory represents the coarticulatory processes within the syllable. The importance of F₀ onset, F₀ trajectory, average F₀, and duration of the breathy portion for the perception of breathy stops is examined in the second part of this study. It is shown, for 8 CV conditions /É–ha É–he É–hi É–ho É–hu bhi dhi ghi/ that F₀ onset, F₀ trajectory, and the duration of the breathy portion play an important role in the perception of breathy CV syllables in Hindi.
PENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP MOTIVASI DAN KEPUASAN KERJA SERTA KINERJA KARYAWAN(Studi Pada Karyawan PT Solo Murni)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah budaya organisasi, motivasi, kepuasan kerja memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga digunakan untuk menguji peranan motivasi dan kepuasan kerja sebagai variabel intervening pengaruh budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja karyawan. Data pada penelitian ini dikumpulkan mellaui penyebaran kuesioner pada 304 orang karyawan PT Solo Murni. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa budaya organisasi, motivasi, kepuasan kerja memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Motivasi kerja memediasi pengaruh budaya organisasi terhadap kepuasan kerja dan kinerja karyawan. Kepuasan kerja memediasi pengaruh budaya organisasi dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Dari hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai masukan bagi pihak manajemen sebagai bahan pertimbangan dalam rangka peningkatan kepuasan kerja para karyawannya. Kata Kunci : budaya organisasi, motivasi, kepuasan kerja dan kinerja karyawan
Glutathione prevents preterm parturition and fetal death by targeting macrophage‐induced reactive oxygen species production in the myometrium

Preterm birth is an inflammatory process resulting from the massive infiltration of innate immune cells and the production of proinflammatory cytokines in the myometrium. However, proinflammatory cytokines, which induce labor in vivo, fail to induce labor‐associated features in human myometrial cells (MCs). We thus aimed to investigate if reactive oxygen species (ROS) production could be the missing step between immune cell activation and MC response. Indeed, we found that ROS production is increased in the human preterm laboring myometrium (27% ROS producing cells, respectively, versus 2% in nonlaboring controls), with 90% ROS production in macrophages. Using LPS‐stimulated myometrial samples and cell coculture experiments, we demonstrated that ROS production is required for labor onset. Furthermore, we showed that ROS are required first in the NADPH oxidase (NADPHox)‐2/NF‐κB‐dependent macrophage response to inflammatory stimuli but, more importantly, to trigger macrophage‐induced MCs transactivation. Remarkably, in a murine model of LPS‐induced preterm labor (inducing delivery within 17 hours, with no pup survival), cotreatment with glutathione delayed labor onset up to 94 hours and prevented in utero fetal distress, allowing 46% pups to survive. These results suggest that targeting ROS production with the macrophage‐permeable antioxidant glutathione could constitute a promising strategy to prevent preterm birth. — Hadi, T. , Bardou, M. , Mace, G. , Sicard, P., Wendremaire, M. , Barrichon, M. , Richaud, S. , Demidov, O. , Sagot, P., Garrido, C. , Lirussi, F. Glutathione prevents preterm parturition and fetal death by targeting macrophage‐induced reactive oxygen species production in the myometrium. FASEB J. 29, 2653‐2666 (2015). www.fasebj. org
Robust performance of control systems containing parameter uncertainty

In this paper, control of linear systems with uncertain parameters is considered and a method is presented for the computation of allowable parameter perturbations to maintain stability and performance conditions. The desired performance is attained by putting frequency bounds on the sensitivity and the complementary sensitivity functions of the system in order to guarantee appropriate input tracking and sensor noise attenuation. The algorithm makes use of Neimark's D-partition results on robust stability and extends the results to the case of robust performance. Explicit formulae are provided for performance measures, need to be minimized in a frequency range to compute the robust performance margin. The algorithm is then used in a controller synthesis procedure to design robust controllers in order to meet both stability and performance requirements. The details of the implementation of the procedure are illustrated through a case study.
Stiffening of higher modes in doubly-clamped beam resonators depending on ground state amplitude

Doubly-clamped beams offer an ideal structure for studying nonlinear mechanical coupling between different vibrational modes. Until now, there is lack of experimental data concerning the stiffening of higher modes induced by the ground mode. In this paper, we construct virtual experimental data for the nonlinear mechanical coupling of in- and out-of-plane modes of a doubly-clamped beam resonator using full transient FEM simulations. We find a very good agreement of the simulation results with a formula derived for in-plane modes by Owers-Bradley, Lulla et al. Finally, we generalize the formula to include out-of-plane modes, and show that also this case can be correctly described.
Hemorrhagic sequelae from intracranial neuroendoscopic procedures for intraventricular tumors.

OBJECT Concern regarding the ability to accomplish adequate hemostasis during intracranial neuroendoscopy is often cited as a potential obstacle for primary endoscopic tumor management. In this study, the rate of clinically significant hemorrhage encountered as a result of endoscopic surgery for an intraventricular brain tumor is examined. METHODS A total of 86 patients underwent an endoscopic biopsy procedure or resection of an intraventricular tumor. Recognized hemorrhagic sequelae occurred at a rate of 3.5% per patient. Visual obscuration due to the presence of intraventricular bleeding necessitated aborting the procedure before completion of the objective in two cases. There was a hemorrhagic event resulting in relevant morbidity in one patient, who suffered a bilateral diencephalic stroke after attempted tumor biopsy sampling. CONCLUSIONS The low hemorrhagic complication rate described in this series counters the misconception surrounding ineffective hemostasis during intracranial endoscopy for tumors and provides further evidence that this minimally invasive approach is a safe alternative to some conventional intracranial approaches.
Intact and Non-Intact Families in Hong Kong

Abstract This paper examines whether Chinese adolescents' perceptions of parental behavioral control (parental knowledge, expectation, monitoring, discipline, and demandingness as well as parental control based on indigenous Chinese concepts), parental psychological control, parent-child relational qualities (child's satisfaction with parental control, child's readiness to communicate with the parents, perceived parental trust, and child's trust of the parents), and adolescent psychological well-being (hopelessness, mastery, life satisfaction and self-esteem) differed in intact families (N = 2,340) and non-intact families (N = 241) over time. Results showed that relative to intact families over time, parental behavioral control processes were weaker and parent-child relational qualities were worse in non-intact families over time. In contrast, parental psychological control was higher in non-intact families over time than in intact families over time. Finally, the psychological well-being of adolescents in non-intact families over time was poorer than that of adolescents in intact families over time.
Integrating Comprehension Strategies into Social Studies Instruction

The number of middle school students with learning disabilities (LD) taught social studies in general education classes continues to rise. Providing general education teachers with additional ways to support students with LD as they navigate social studies reading materials could help planning and teaching for all students. In middle school, when reading challenges become increasingly complex and focused on expository text, an understanding of how to select and integrate comprehension strategies into instruction could enable teachers to assist students’ access to curriculum and overall success in learning major concepts. Drawing on highly effective evidence-based strategies, this article presents scenarios and research-based resources to help middle school teachers integrate comprehension strategy instruction into teaching social studies. When teachers incorporate strategy instruction into their lessons, students with LD are provided with support to access text even when the special education teacher is not present in the classroom to provide individualized assistance.
Mentoring Beginning Special Education Teachers and the Relationship to Attrition

This article examines the components of an effective mentoring program for beginning special education teachers and the impact mentoring has on attrition. The participants for the study were 156 first-year special education teachers in South Carolina who responded to a questionnaire that examined the frequency and perceived effectiveness of the form and content of the mentoring the characteristics of the mentors, and the teachers' plans to remain in special education. Two factors emerged in the mentoring: a general factor and a factor specific to special education. The perceived effectiveness of the mentoring was significantly correlated with the teachers' plans to remain in special education. The article examines critical components of mentoring and concludes by discussing the implications for practice.