Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New assessment tools that measure sleep vital signs: the SleepMed Insomnia Index and the Sleep Matrix

Insomnia is the leading sleep disorder in the US; however, diagnosis is often problematic. This pilot study assessed the clinical value of a novel diagnostic insomnia questionnaire. The SleepMed Insomnia Index (SMI) was administered to 543 consecutive patients and 50 normal control subjects during a pilot study. Mean SMI scores were assessed based on subsequent sleep-related diagnoses. The SMI scores for patients with sleep-related disorders were significantly higher than those for the control group (p < 0.001) and highest for the 90 patients comprising the insomnia group. Analysis of the SMI scores from the 90 insomnia patients indicates a high degree of reliability (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.7). These data support our clinical experience with this diagnostic tool which indicates a strong likelihood of disrupted nighttime sleep in patients with high SMI scores. Following further validation, the SMI may prove to be a valuable tool for evaluating sleep disorders, specifically as an aid in the diagnosis of insomnia. The Sleep Matrix is a visual tool that quantifies a sleep complaint by combining scores from the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the SMI. The SMI measures an insomnia component while the ESS is an accepted measure of daytime sleepiness. The Sleep Matrix visually displays the complexity of the sleep complaint in an effort to differentiate insomnia with differing etiologies from other sleep disorders and measure treatment outcomes. To pilot test the Sleep Matrix, the tool was administered to 90 patients with insomnia and to 22 normal controls. Plots from the insomnia patients were concentrated into the “insomnia zone” while scores from the normal controls were located in the “normal zone” located in the lower left quadrant. Additional research using the Sleep Matrix could provide data that the tool could be utilized to visually aid the clinician in the diagnosis of unknown sleep complaints.
Structure of Erwinia carotovora temperate bacteriophage 59 and its DNA

The temperate phage 59 from Erwinia carotovora and its DNA were studied. The phage particles have an icosahedral head and a long noncontractile tail with a base plate. The virus DNA makes up 50% of the total virus and exists as a linear molecule (molecular weight, 2.6 X 10(7)). A model of virus structural organization is presented.
Violent entrepreneurship in post-communist Russia

THIS ARTICLE IS ABOUT THE ROLE of organised violence in the process of market building and state building in Russia. But instead of offering yet another review of the notorious Russian organised crime I will analyse institutions and practices of violent entrepreneurship, criminal as well as legal. Violent entrepreneurship can be defined as a set of organisational decisions and action strategies enabling the conversion of organised force (or organised violence) into money or other market resources on a permanent basis. If consumer goods, for example, constitute the major resource for trade entrepreneurship, money for financial entrepreneurship, information and knowledge for informational entrepreneurship, and so forth, violent entrepreneurship is constituted by socially organised violence, real or potential. Violent entrepreneurship, however, is different in one important respect: throughout modem history, organised violence, unlike other resources, has been managed and controlled by the state alone, that is by public rather than private authority and used for public rather than private ends. That is why with the rise of modern centralised states this key resource has been largely excluded from the sphere of private entrepreneurship. In today's Russia it is back again: I intend to demonstrate that what from the macro perspective appears as the crisis of the state takes in everyday practice the form of violent entrepreneurship. The main unit of violent entrepreneurship we shall call the 'violent entrepreneurial agency'. In post-communist Russia such agencies can be initially classified into three types: state and illegal (units of state police and security forces acting as private entrepreneurs); non-state (private) and legal (private protection companies); and private and illegal (organised criminal or bandit groups). These should be seen as ideal types, the boundaries between which in real life are blurred. Despite the differences in their legal status, violent entrepreneurial agencies perform similar functions and display similar patterns of action on the economic market. This derives from the specificity of their major resource-organised force. Their main function we shall define as 'enforcement partnership' (silovoe partnerstvo), the term which was used by one of my respondents to describe the practice of his criminal group and which conveniently lends itself as an analytical category. Enforcement partnership is a business function of an organised group or enterprise deriving from the skilful use of actual or potential force on a commercial basis, employed to maintain certain institutional conditions of business activities, such as security, contract enforcement, dispute settlement and transaction insurance. '
Implant options for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures of the hip: RATIONALE, EVIDENCE, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Aims The aim of this paper is to review the evidence relating to the anatomy of the proximal femur, the geometry of the fracture and the characteristics of implants and methods of fixation of intertrochanteric fractures of the hip. Materials and Methods Relevant papers were identified from appropriate clinical databases and a narrative review was undertaken. Results Stable, unstable, and subtrochanteric intertrochanteric fractures vary widely in their anatomical and biomechanical characteristics, as do the implants used for their fixation. The optimal choice of implant addresses the stability of the fracture and affects the outcome. Conclusion The treatment of intertrochanteric fractures of the hip has evolved along with changes in the design of the implants used to fix them, but there remains conflicting evidence to guide the choice of implant. We advocate fixation of 31A1 fractures with a sliding hip screw and all others with an intramedullary device.
Two-time physics in field theory

A field theory formulation of two-time physics in d+2 dimensions is obtained from the covariant quantization of the constraint system associated with the OSp(n|2) worldline gauge symmetries of two-time physics. Interactions among fields can then be included consistently with the underlying gauge symmetries. Through this process a relation between Dirac's work in 1936 on conformal symmetry in field theory and the more recent worldline formulation of two-time physics is established while providing a worldline gauge symmetry basis for the field equations in d+2 dimensions. It is shown that the field theory formalism goes well beyond Dirac's goal of linearizing conformal symmetry. In accord with recent results in the worldline approach of two-time physics, the d+2 field theory can be brought down to diverse d dimensional field theories by solving the subset of field equations that correspond to the ``kinematic'' constraints. This process embeds the one ``time'' in d-dimensions in different ways inside the d+2 dimensional spacetime. Thus, the two-time d+2 field theory appears as a more fundamental theory from which many one-time d dimensional field theories are derived. It is suggested that the hidden symmetries and relations among computed quantities in certain d-dimensional interacting field theories can be taken as the evidence for the presence of a higher unifying structure in a d+2 dimensional spacetime. These phenomena have similarities with ideas such as dualities, AdS-CFT correspondence and holography.
Weekly Calendar Planning Activity (WCPA): a performance-based assessment of executive function piloted with at-risk adolescents.

OBJECTIVE We piloted the Weekly Calendar Planning Activity (WCPA), a performance-based measure of executive function (EF), to establish a baseline for at-risk adolescents. METHOD Participants were 113 youths ages 16-21 who were enrolled at a charter school for youth returning to high school after dropping out. We administered the WCPA and collected demographic information. RESULTS On average, participants spent 15.9 min on the WCPA, made 7.9 errors, and followed 4.0 of 5 possible rules. No ceiling effect was observed in overall accuracy. Participants used a mean of 3.1 strategies (standard deviation = 1.9) while completing the WCPA. Participants who used more strategies spent more time planning and completing the task and were more accurate. CONCLUSION The WCPA may be useful to occupational therapists as a performance measure of EF. This assessment allows evaluation of complex task performance, strategy use, self-evaluation of performance, and error patterns, which can be used in developing intervention strategies.
An Architecture for the Acceleration of a Hybrid Leaky Integrate and Fire SNN on the Convey HC-2ex FPGA-Based Processor

Neuromorphic computing is expanding by leaps and bounds through custom integrated circuits (digital and analog), and large scale platforms developed by industry or government-funded projects (e.g. TrueNorth and BrainScaleS, respectively). Whereas the trend is for massive parallelism and neuromorphic computation in order to solve problems, such as those that may appear in machine learning and deep learning algorithms, there is substantial work on brain-like highly accurate neuromorphic computing in order to model the human brain. In such a form of computing, spiking neural networks (SNN) such as the Hodgkin and Huxley model are mapped to various technologies, including FPGAs. In this work, we present a highly efficient FPGA-based architecture for the detailed hybrid Leaky Integrate and Fire SNN that can simulate generic characteristics of neurons of the cerebral cortex. This architecture supports arbitrary, sparse O(n2) interconnection of neurons without need to re-compile the design, and plasticity rules, yielding on a four-FPGA Convey 2ex hybrid computer a speedup of 923x for a non-trivial data set on 240 neurons vs. the same model in the software simulator BRAIN on a Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2620 v2 @ 2.10GHz, i.e. the reference state-of-the-art software. Although the reference, official software is single core, the speedup demonstrates that the application scales well among multiple FPGAs, whereas this would not be the case in general-purpose computers due to the arbitrary interconnect requirements. The FPGA-based approach leads to highly detailed models of parts of the human brain up to a few hundred neurons vs. a dozen or fewer neurons on the reference system.
Age differences in the use of emotion regulation strategies derived from the process model of emotion regulation: a systematic review

ABSTRACT Objectives: This review examines differences in the use of emotion regulation (ER) strategies among younger and older adults. Method: A systematic review using search terms related to ageing and ER identified 23 relevant studies. Narrative synthesis was adopted to analyse the findings. Results: Generally, greater use of situation selection and attentional deployment was identified among older adults, although these relationships were dependent on contextual/moderator variables. While older adults employed greater levels of situation modification in response to negative stimuli, there was considerable variation in age differences across specific situation modification subtypes. Available evidence pointed to an absence of age differences in the cognitive change strategy of cognitive reappraisal. The use of relatively less-cognitively demanding cognitive change subtypes (e.g. acceptance) was, under particular circumstances, greater among older adults. Findings regarding the response modulation strategy of expressive suppression were equivocal. Conclusion: Adult development is not characterised by straightforward shifts in preferences for use of different ER strategies. Moderator variables appear to be of central importance in shaping the emergence of age differences in ER. Systematically examining interactions of age with individual difference variables and situational factors in samples including oldest-old adults will be important for advancing knowledge regarding developmental differences in ER.
Inhibitors of Trypsin, Chymotrypsin and Elastase in Human Uterine Fluid

Pure uterine fluid, obtained from 18 women in the luteal phase, was pooled and gel filtered. Inhibitory activity against trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase was present in fractions containing α2‐macroglobulin, α1‐antitrypsin, α1‐antichymotrypsin and antileukoprotease. After solid‐phase adsorption with antibodies to these inhibitors, no inhibitory activity remained. It was concluded that the entire inhibitory capacity of the proteinases studied was attributable to inhibitors derived from serum and antileukoprotease. These proteinase inhibitors which are present in uterine fluid during the luteal phase might be of significance during the implantation process.
The entry of Theileria parva sporozoites into bovine lymphocytes: evidence for MHC class I involvement

We have examined the process of Theileria parva sporozoite entry into susceptible bovine lymphocytes and have begun to identify one of the possible molecular interactions involved in the process. The entry process involves a defined series of events and we have used a number of experimental procedures in combination with a method of quantitation to examine various aspects of this process. T. parva sporozoites are nonmotile organisms and the initial sporozoite-lymphocyte interaction is a chance event which can occur at 0-2 degrees C. All subsequent stages in the process are temperature dependent, require the participation of live intact sporozoites and host cells, and involve some cytochalasin-inhibitable rearrangement of the host cell surface membrane or cytoskeleton. Sporozoite entry can be inhibited by antibodies (mAbs) reactive with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules (IL-A 19, IL-A 88) and with beta 2 microglobulin (B1G6), whereas mAbs reactive with MHC class II molecules (IL-A 21, J 11), and a common panleucocyte surface antigen, (IL-A 87; a bovine equivalent of CD 11a) have no effect. These results indicate that MHC class I molecules play a role in the process of T. parva sporozoite entry into bovine lymphocytes although as yet the precise role has not been determined. Once internalized within the lymphocyte, a process that takes less than 3 min at 37 degrees C, the sporozoite rapidly escapes from the encapsulating host cell membrane; a process which occurs concurrently with the discharge of the contents of the sporozoite rhoptries and microspheres. The intracytoplasmic parasite is covered by a layer of sporozoite-derived fuzzy material to which host cell microtubules rapidly become associated.
Role of the disulfide bond in stabilizing and folding of the fimbrial protein DraE from uropathogenic Escherichia coli

Dr fimbriae are homopolymeric adhesive organelles of uropathogenic Escherichia coli composed of DraE subunits, responsible for the attachment to host cells. These structures are characterized by enormously high stability resulting from the structural properties of an Ig-like fold of DraE. One feature of DraE and other fimbrial subunits that makes them peculiar among Ig-like domain-containing proteins is a conserved disulfide bond that joins their A and B strands. Here, we investigated how this disulfide bond affects the stability and folding/unfolding pathway of DraE. We found that the disulfide bond stabilizes self-complemented DraE (DraE-sc) by ∼50 kJ mol−1 in an exclusively thermodynamic manner, i.e. by lowering the free energy of the native state and with almost no effect on the free energy of the transition state. This finding was confirmed by experimentally determined folding and unfolding rate constants of DraE-sc and a disulfide bond-lacking DraE-sc variant. Although the folding of both proteins exhibited similar kinetics, the unfolding rate constant changed upon deletion of the disulfide bond by 10 orders of magnitude, from ∼10−17 s−1 to 10−7 s−1. Molecular simulations revealed that unfolding of the disulfide bond-lacking variant is initiated by strands A or G and that disulfide bond-mediated joining of strand A to the core strand B cooperatively stabilizes the whole protein. We also show that the disulfide bond in DraE is recognized by the DraB chaperone, indicating a mechanism that precludes the incorporation of less stable, non-oxidized DraE forms into the fimbriae.
Subthreshold Mobility in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs

Electron mobility of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs is studied using a gate admittance-based technique. This analysis extends to electron densities as low as 4×1010 cm-2 with good accuracy. Zero lateral electric field is applied, in contrast to conventional methods. At these low electron densities, the mobility can be a factor of ~50 less than that in the ON-state. We reveal a regime at low electron densities where the screening of the two dimensional electron gas (2-DEG) becomes negligible causing the mobility to be independent of electron concentration, suggesting percolative transport. This region defines the rate at which the channel depletes and is a strong indicator of the epitaxial control of the impurities in the GaN channel.
Gerontological Practice for the Twenty-First Century : A Social Work Perspective

PrefaceAcknowledgmentsOverview and Theoretical PerspectivesSocial Work Practice in the Twenty-first CenturyTheories of AgingIntegrated Gerontological PracticeStages in Gerontological PracticePsychological Problems and InterventionsAnxiety Reactions Among Older PeopleDepression Among Older PeopleSuicide Among Older PeopleSubstance Abuse Among Older PeopleDementiaSocial Psychological Problems and InterventionsSocial Workers and Aging FamiliesSocial Work Practice and End-of-Life CareBereavement in Later LifeWork and RetirementSociopolitical IssuesEconomic Policies and AgingPoverty and AgingHealth Policies and AgingImproving the Quality of Life: Social Services and AgingReferencesSubject IndexName Index
COMMUNITY DRINK-DRIVING RESEARCH PROJECT

A statewide telephone survey of 555 drivers over 17 years of age who also drank alcohol, was conducted to evaluate behaviour relating to drinking, responses to RBT and anti-drink-driving campaigns and knowledge of BAC limits and penalties. Subjects' demographic and offending profiles were analysed. Impacts of educational campaigns were viewed - publicity was effective in informing subjects and/or affecting their drink and drive behaviours. RBT was seen as an effective publicity and interventionist instrument, though perceived RBT activity was not high. Subjects' concerns if arrested for offending, and their risk avoidance and risk perception mechanisms were canvassed. Perception of RBT and actual activity was highest in the south-eastern region of Queensland, particularly Brisbane. Survey results indicate that Queensland drivers are generally responsible in their drinking and driving behaviours, but some areas of concern still exist. A stereotype of offenders is provided. Further potentially valuable in-depth analysis was not feasible, due to budgetary restraints limiting sample size and scope of the survey questionnaire. (a)
In vitro effects of hydrochloric acid and various concentrations of acetic, propionic, butyric, or valeric acids on bioelectric properties of equine gastric squamous mucosa.

OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and various concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) on tissue bioelectric properties of equine stomach nonglandular (NG) mucosa. SAMPLE POPULATION Gastric tissues obtained from 48 adult horses. PROCEDURES NG gastric mucosa was studied by use of Ussing chambers. Short-circuit current (Isc) and potential difference (PD) were measured and electrical resistance (R) and conductance calculated for tissues after addition of HCl and VFAs (5, 10, 20, and 40 mM) in normal Ringer's solution (NRS). RESULTS Mucosa exposed to HCl in NRS (pH of 1.5 and, to a lesser extent, 4.0) had a significant decrease in Isc, PD, and R, whereas tissues exposed to acetic acid at a pH of < 4.0, propionic and butyric acids at a pH of <or= 4.0, and valeric acid at a pH of <or= 7.0 induced a concentration-dependent effect on reduction in these same values. Values for Isc returned to baseline (recovery of sodium transport) after addition of calcium carbonate in tissues exposed to all concentrations of VFAs except the higher concentrations of valeric acid at a pH of <or= 4.0. Histologic examination revealed cell swelling in the mucosal layers below and adjacent to the stratum corneum in tissues exposed to HCl and VFAs at a pH of <or= 4.0. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The VFAs, especially acetic acid, in the presence of HCl at a pH of <or= 4.0 appear to be important in the pathogenesis of NG mucosal ulcers in horses.
Unsupervised Lips Segmentation Based on ROI Optimisation and Parametric Model

Lips segmentation is a very important step in many applications such as automatic speech reading, MPEG-4 compression, special effects, facial analysis and emotion recognition. In this paper, we present a robust method for unsupervised lips segmentation. First the color of the lips area is estimated using expectation maximization and a membership map of the lips is computed from the skin color distribution. The region of interest (ROI) is then found by automatic thresholding on the membership map. Given a mask of the ROI, we initialize a snake that is fitted on the upper and lower contour of the mouth by multi level gradient flow maximization. Finally to find the mouth corners and the final contour of the mouth, we use a parametric model composed of cubic curves and Bezier curves.
Genetic relationship between Treponema pallidum and Treponema pertenue, two noncultivable human pathogens

Genetic relationships among two strains of Treponema pallidum (Nichols and KKJ) and a strain of T. pertenue were determined by measuring the degree of deoxyribonucleic acid sequence homology. The results in indicated that these three virulent, noncultivable treponemes were genetically indistinguishable. Like T. pallidum (Nichols), T. pertenue (Gauthier) had no detectable deoxyribonucleic acid sequence homology with T. phagedenis (biotype Reiter), T. refringens (biotype Noguchi), or with salmon sperm.
An Essay on Post-Keynesian Theory: A New Paradigm in Economics

THE IMPACT OF Keynes's work in the 1930's has been viewed by some economists as a "revolution" in economic thinking (see Lawrence R. Klein [56, 1947]). Yet, to those who were most closely associated with Keynes at Cambridge during that period, the revolution proved largely abortive. Over the past 30 years, many of Keynes's critical insights into the workings of a modern, technologically advanced economy seem to have been ignored, with the result that there has been little fundamental change in the way economists perceive the world. Those one-time associates of Keynes, joined by a small number of the younger generation at Cambridge and elsewhere, have consistently tried to highlight the incompatibility of Keynes's views with orthodox theory even as they worked to develop more fully a "generalization of The general theory" (see Joan Robinson [78, 1952]). This generalization may be said to represent, in Thomas Kuhn's sense [62, 1962], a new paradigm; and since it extends the analysis set forth in Keynes's Treatise on money (1930) and The general theory, it can be termed post-Keynesian. ' Few American economists seem aware of the major works that have contributed to the development of this new paradigm2 and fewer still, even among those likely to be sympathetic, seem to be aware of the