Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single-crystal elasticity and sound velocities of (Mg 0.94 Fe 0.06 )O ferropericla

The single-crystal elastic properties of high-spin (Mg_(0.94)Fe_(0.06))O ferropericlase were measured by Brillouin spectroscopy on a sample compressed to 20 GPa with diamond anvil cells using methanol-ethanol-water as a pressure-transmitting medium. At room pressure, the adiabatic bulk (K_0S) and shear (μ_0S) moduli are K_0S = 163 ± 3 GPa and μ_0S = 121 ± 2 GPa, in excellent agreement with ultrasonic results from the same bulk sample (Jacobsen et al., 2002). A fit to all our high-pressure Brillouin data using a third-order finite-strain equation of state yields the following pressure derivatives of the adiabatic bulk and shear moduli: K′_0S = 3.9 ± 0.2 and μ′_0S = 2.1 ± 0.1. Within the uncertainties, we find that K_0S and K′_0S of (Mg_0.94)Fe_(0.06))O are unchanged from MgO. However, μ_0S and μ′_0S of (Mg_(0.94)Fe_(0.06))O are reduced by 8% and 11%, respectively. The aggregate compressional (VP) and shear (VS) wave velocities are reduced by 4% and 6%, respectively, as compared to MgO. The pressure dependence of the single-crystal elastic moduli and aggregate sound velocities is linear within the investigated pressure range. The elastic anisotropy of (Mg_(0.94)Fe_(0.06))O is about 10% greater than that of MgO at ambient conditions. At the highest pressure obtained here, the elastic anisotropy of (Mg_(0.94)Fe_(0.06))O is close to zero. On the basis of our measurements and earlier ultrasonic measurements, we find that the pressure derivatives of shear moduli obtained at room pressure for low iron concentrations (<20 mol% FeO) of high-spin ferropericlase are inconsistent with those inferred from the lower mantle PREM model.
The relationship between the experience of mood symptoms, expectancy judgement and a person's current concern

Abstract This study examined expectancy judgement and current concerns in high and low depression and anxiety participants. Expectancy judgement was measured using the Personal Future Task. Depression and anxiety symptoms were measured using the Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). A novel scale, the Current Concerns Checklist, was developed to measure ten current concerns that were thought to relate to the most salient concerns of common Axis I disorders. Using the DASS, 19 participants were allocated to the distressed group and 17 to the non-distressed group. As hypothesized, there was a main effect for the current concern concept; participants thought of more future events regarding their current concern than their non-concern. However, the hypothesis that the distressed group would generate more negative relative to positive responses than the non-distressed group within the domain of their most prominent current concern was not supported. Future research and implications for CBT are discussed.
More Than Ink-Stained Wretches: The Resocialization of Print Journalists in Converged Newsrooms

Newsroom experiments with convergence—a sharing of news staffs, technologies, products, and geography—disrupt not just the norms and routines of newspaper news work hut, more profoundly, the professional socialization of print journalists and their perception of themselves as a distinctive kind of news worker. This article draws on case studies of four converged newsrooms to examine conceptual and sociological shifts among newspaper journalists. Findings suggest print journalists are undergoing resocialization to an expanded view of professionalism; ingrained habits and learned skills related to newsroom structure and storytelling norms are more resistant to change.
On Source Coding with Coded Side Information for a Binary Source with Binary Side Information

The lossless rate region for the coded side information problem is "solved" but its solution is expressed in terms of an auxiliary random variable. As a result, finding the rate region for any fixed example requires an optimization over a family of allowed auxiliary random variables. While intuitive constructions are easy to come by and optimal solutions are known under some special conditions, proving the optimal solution is surprisingly difficult even for examples as basic as a binary source with binary side information. We derive the optimal auxiliary random variables and corresponding achievable rate regions for a family of problems where both the source and side information are binary. Our solution involves first tightening known bounds on the alphabet size of the auxiliary random variable and then optimizing the auxiliary random variable subject to this constraint. The technique used to tighten the bound on the alphabet size applies to a variety of problems beyond the one studied here.
Timing of Premarital Intercourse in Bandjoun (West Cameroon)

This article examined the effects of family environment on the risks of premarital intercourse for male and female youth. Previous research in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) on the linkages between family structures and sexual debut mainly utilized cross-sectional data. In a sample drawn from Cameroon Family and Health Survey (N = 2,166), descriptive and multivariate results showed that youth who resided in nuclear two-parent families, those who reported higher levels of parental monitoring and higher quality of parent–child relationships during childhood and/or adolescence, had significantly lower rates of premarital intercourse. Polygynous families, parent–child communication, orphanhood, and change in family structure were significantly associated with higher rates of premarital intercourse. Programmatic implications for reproductive health interventions in SSA are discussed.
Positive and Negative Pretrial Publicity

The authors investigated the effects of exposure to pretrial publicity (PTP) on impression formation, juror emotion, and predecisional distortion. Mock jurors read news articles containing negative (antidefendant) PTP or positive (prodefendant) PTP or unrelated articles. One week later, they viewed a videotaped murder trial and then made decisions about guilt. Jurors’ emotions were measured three times during the experiment: before exposure to PTP, immediately after exposure to PTP, and immediately following the trial. Exposure to both positive and negative PTP significantly affected verdicts, perceptions of defendant credibility, emotion (anger and positive emotions), and predecisional distortion. Defendant’s credibility, jurors’ emotions, and predecisional distortion significantly mediated the effect of PTP on guilt ratings.
In vitro wear rates of materials under different loads and varying pH.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Despite the need for information about the wear characteristics of restorative materials, there have been few systemic studies of the factors that influence the rate of material wear. PURPOSE This study compared the wear rates of enamel and 3 tooth-colored restorative materials under different loads (0, 3.2, 6.7, and 9.95 kg) and pH levels (1.2, 3.3, and 7.0). MATERIAL AND METHODS An electromechanical tooth wear machine was used so that standard restorations representing 3 materials could be worn by opposing enamel under controlled conditions. The wear rates of enamel, composite (Z100), a conventional glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX), and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Fuji II LC) were compared at a range of loads (0 to 9.95 kg) and pH levels (1.2 to 7.0) and also at different sites across each restoration. Ten specimens were randomly assigned to each experimental group. Wear assessment was performed with a modified light microscope to quantify the height changes at defined points across wear facets. Four-way analysis of variance was used to compare wear rates among materials, pH levels, loads, and sites. Post-hoc t tests identified significant differences between specific pairs of experimental conditions (P<.05). RESULTS The wear rates of enamel and the other test materials varied significantly with pH (P<.0001), load (P<.0001), and type of material (P<.0001). Enamel wear was influenced most by varied pH, whereas the composite was least affected by acid. The conventional glass ionomer cement was more susceptible than the composite to the effects of varied pH; the acid susceptibility of the resin-modified glass ionomer cement was generally between that of the composite and conventional glass ionomer cement. Enamel and the conventional glass ionomer cement were affected similarly by load. The composite was more resistant than the conventional glass ionomer cement to wear at higher loads; the resin-modified glass ionomer cement exhibited intermediate load resistance. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, the 3 test materials were more resistant than enamel to acid, with the composite demonstrating the lowest susceptibility to acid. The acid- and load-resistance of the resin-modified glass ionomer cement was consistently less than that of the composite and greater than that of the conventional glass ionomer cement.
Excitable waves and direction-sensing in Dictyostelium discoideum: steps towards a chemotaxis model

In recent years, there have been significant advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying chemically directed motility by eukaryotic cells such as Dictyostelium. In particular, the local excitation and global inhibition (LEGI) model has proven capable of providing a framework for quantitatively explaining many experiments that present Dictyostelium cells with tailored chemical stimuli and monitor their subsequent polarization. In their natural setting, cells generate their own directional signals via the detection and secretion of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Here, we couple the LEGI approach to an excitable medium model of the cAMP wave-field that is propagated by the cells and investigate the possibility for this class of models to enable accurate chemotaxis to the cAMP waveforms expected in vivo. Our results indicate that the ultra-sensitive version of the model does an excellent job in providing natural wave rectification, thereby providing a compelling solution to the ‘back-of-the-wave paradox’ during cellular aggregation.
Dystrophin is a component of the subsynaptic membrane

A subsynaptic protein of Mr approximately 300 kD is a major component of Torpedo electric organ postsynaptic membranes and copurifies with the AChR and the 43-kD subsynaptic protein. mAbs against this protein react with neuromuscular synapses in higher vertebrates, but not at synapses in dystrophic muscle. The Torpedo 300-kD protein comigrates in SDS-PAGE with murine dystrophin and reacts with antibodies against murine dystrophin. The sequence of a partial cDNA isolated by screening an expression library with mAbs against the Torpedo 300-kD protein shows striking homology to mammalian dystrophin, and in particular to the b isoform of dystrophin. These results indicate that dystrophin is a component of the postsynaptic membrane at neuromuscular synapses and raise the possibility that loss of dystrophin from synapses in dystrophic muscle may have consequences that contribute to muscular dystrophy.
Significance of serum and bile tumor markers in the diagnostic approach of patients with malignant pancreatobiliary disease.

PURPOSE Serum and bile tumor markers are under intense scrutiny for the diagnosis of malignant disease. The purpose of our study was to report the usefulness of serum and bile tumor markers for the discrimination between benign and malignant pancreatobiliary diseases. METHODS Between March 2010 and May 2013, 95 patients with obstructive jaundice or history of biliary obstruction, were included in the study. During ERCP, bile samples were obtained for measurement of tumor markers CEA, CA19- 9, CA125, CA72-4 and CA242. Serum samples were taken before ERCP for the same measurements. The patients were divided into two groups: patients with malignant disease and patients with benign disease. RESULTS Serum tumor marker levels were significantly higher in patients with malignant disease. Serum CA242 and CA19-9 exhibited the highest diagnostic accuracy (76.8% and 73.7%, respectively). CA125 and CA72-4 levels in bile samples were significantly higher in patients with malignant disease. Bile CA125, CEA and CA72-4 achieved the best diagnostic accuracy (69, 65 and 65), respectively). The combined detection of CA19-9, CA242 in serum and CA125, CA72-4 in bile along with total bilirubin levels, showed the best diagnostic accuracy (81%). CONCLUSIONS Serum and bile tumor markers, when studied alone, lack the diagnostic yield to discriminate benign from malignant pancreatobiliary diseases. In cases of diagnostic dilemmas the combination of serum and bile markers might be helpful.
Stu2p: A Microtubule-Binding Protein that Is an Essential Component of the Yeast Spindle Pole Body

Previously we isolated tub2-423, a cold-sensitive allele of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene encoding β-tubulin that confers a defect in mitotic spindle function. In an attempt to identify additional proteins that are important for spindle function, we screened for suppressors of the cold sensitivity of tub2-423 and obtained two alleles of a novel gene, STU2. STU2 is an essential gene and encodes a protein whose sequence is similar to proteins identified in a variety of organisms. Stu2p localizes primarily to the spindle pole body (SPB) and to a lesser extent along spindle microtubules. Localization to the SPB is not dependent on the presence of microtubules, indicating that Stu2p is an integral component of the SPB. Stu2p also binds microtubules in vitro. We have localized the microtubule-binding domain of Stu2p to a highly basic 100-amino acid region. This region contains two imperfect repeats; both repeats appear to contribute to microtubule binding to similar extents. These results suggest that Stu2p may play a role in the attachment, organization, and/or dynamics of microtubule ends at the SPB.
X-Vine: Secure and Pseudonymous Routing in DHTs Using Social Networks

Distributed hash tables suffer from several security and privacy vulnerabilities, including the problem of Sybil attacks. Existing social network-based solutions to mitigate the Sybil attacks in DHT routing have a high state requirement and do not provide an adequate level of privacy. For instance, such techniques require a user to reveal their social network contacts. We design X-Vine, a protection mechanism for distributed hash tables that operates entirely by communicating over social network links. As with traditional peer-topeer systems, X-Vine provides robustness, scalability, and a platform for innovation. The use of social network links for communication helps protect participant privacy and adds a new dimension of trust absent from previous designs. XVine is resilient to denial of service via Sybil attacks, and in fact is the first Sybil defense that requires only a logarithmic amount of state per node, making it suitable for large-scale and dynamic settings. X-Vine also helps protect the privacy of users social network contacts and keeps their IP addresses hidden from those outside of their social circle, providing a basis for pseudonymous communication. We first evaluate our design with analysis and simulations, using several real world large-scale social networking topologies. We show that the constraints of X-Vine allow the insertion of only a logarithmic number of Sybil identities per attack edge; we show this mitigates the impact of malicious attacks while not affecting the performance of honest nodes. Moreover, our algorithms are efficient, maintain low stretch, and avoid hot spots in the network. We validate our design with a Planetlab implementation and a Facebook plugin.
INTRAVENOUS ANESTHESIA INHIBITS LEUKOCYTE-ENDOTHELIAL INTERACTIONS AND EXPRESSION OF CD11B AFTER HEMORRHAGE

Hemorrhage increases adhesion of leukocytes to the venular endothelium, mediated by increased expression of the Mac-1 integrin complex (CD18/CD11b) present on leukocytes. Anesthetic agents may possess anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, this study determined the effects of i.v. anesthesia on leukocyte adhesion after hemorrhage in relation to expression of CD11b. Methods Male Wistar rats were (n = 57) anesthetized i.v. with propofol (Diprivan) and fentanyl, ketamine, or thiopental. During anesthesia, 10% of total blood volume was removed and intravital microscopy used to observe the rat mesentery and measure leukocyte (neutrophils) rolling and adhesion in postcapillary venules (15 - 25 &mgr;m). Flow cytometry was also used to determine CD11b expression on neutrophils from blood removed at the end of these experiments (n = 25) or blood incubated with anesthetic agents and activated with platelet activating factor ex vivo (0.1 &mgr;mol/L) (n = 24). Results Hemorrhage increased leukocyte adhesion (stationary count per 150 &mgr;m) in rats anesthetized with thiopental (baseline, 3.4 ± 1.2; hemorrhage, 6.7 ± 2.0; P < 0.05) but not in those receiving either ketamine (baseline, 3.6 ± 1.3; hemorrhage, 3.3 ± 1.3) or propofol/fentanyl (baseline, 6.2 ± 2.0; hemorrhage, 5.8 ± 0.8). Neutrophils collected from thiopental-treated rats had elevated CD11b expression with thiopental (mean fluorescence baseline, 67.5 ± 1.3; hemorrhage, 83.6 ± 5.3; P < 0.05) but not with propofol/fentanyl (mean fluorescence baseline, 69.1 ± 1.3; hemorrhage, 65.9 ± 1.6), and ketamine-treated rats (mean fluorescence baseline, 74.3 ± 2.1; hemorrhage, 74.8 ± 1.1). Ketamine also inhibited upregulation of CD11b with platelet activating factor ex vivo. Conclusions After hemorrhage, leukocyte adhesion and CD11b expression increased during thiopental anesthesia, but propofol/fentanyl and ketamine protected against hemorrhage-induced leukocyte adhesion. The anti-inflammatory effect of ketamine was mediated by direct inhibition of CD11b expression on leukocytes.
History of depression, depressive symptoms, and medial temporal lobe atrophy and the risk of Alzheimer disease

Background: Depression may increase risk for Alzheimer disease (AD), but it is not clear whether this risk is mediated by structural brain changes. We determined whether history of depressive episodes and presence of depressive symptoms were associated with smaller hippocampal and amygdalar volumes and with increased risk for incident AD. Methods: Within the Rotterdam Scan Study 503 persons, aged 60–90 years at baseline and without dementia, reported their history of depressive episodes. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Volumetric assessment of the hippocampus and amygdala was performed using three-dimensional MRI. All subjects were followed for an average of 6 years for development of AD, diagnosed according to National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke–Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria. Results: A total of 134 subjects (26.6%) reported a history of depression (88 reported an onset <60 years and 46 a late onset). Multiple linear regression analyses did not reveal a significant association with hippocampal or amygdalar volume for any of the depression parameters. During follow-up, 33 persons developed AD. Cox regression analyses showed that subjects with early onset depression had an increased risk for AD (HR 3.76; 95% CI 1.41 to 10.06), independent of hippocampal and amygdalar volume, whereas this risk was 2.34 (95% CI 0.82 to 6.69) in subjects with a late-onset depression. Depressive symptoms at baseline were not associated with increased risk for AD. Conclusion: History of depression, and particularly an early onset, but not presence of depressive symptoms increased the risk for Alzheimer disease. This risk was not mediated by smaller hippocampal or amygdalar volumes.
Increased blood pressure in mice lacking cytochrome P450 2J5

The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes participate in a wide range of biochemical functions, including metabolism of arachidonic acid and steroid hormones. Mouse CYP2J5 is abundant in the kidney where its products, the cis‐epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), modulate sodium transport and vascular tone. To define the physiological role of CYP2J5 in the kidney, knockout mice were generated using a conventional gene targeting approach. Cyp2j5 (‐/‐) mice develop normally and exhibit no overt renal pathology. While renal EET biosynthesis was apparently unaffected by the absence of CYP2J5, deficiency of this CYP in female mice was associated with increased blood pressure, enhanced proximal tubular transport rates, and exaggerated afferent arteriolar responses to angiotensin II and endothelin I. Interestingly, plasma 17β‐estradiol levels were reduced in female Cyp2j5 (‐/‐) mice and estrogen replacement restored blood pressure and vascular responsiveness to normal levels. There was no evidence of enhanced estrogen metabolism, or altered expression or activities of steroidogenic enzymes in female Cyp2j5 (‐/‐) mice, but their plasma levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone were inappropriately low. Together, our findings illustrate a sex‐specific role for CYP2J5 in regulation of blood pressure, proximal tubular transport, and afferent arteriolar responsiveness via an estrogen‐dependent mechanism. — Athirakul, K. , Bradbury, J. A. , Graves, J. P., DeGraff, L. M. , Ma, J., Zhao, Y. , Couse, J. F. , Quigley, R. , Harder, D. R. , Zhao, X. , Imig, J. D. , Pedersen, T. L. , Newman, J. W. , Hammock, B. D. , Conley, A. J., Korach, K. S. , Coffman, T. M. , Zeldin, D. C. Increased blood pressure in mice lacking cytochrome P450 2J5. FASEB J. 22, 4096–4108 (2008)
Serum levels of prolactin, luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone during pregnancy in the rat.

Groups of mated and nonmated female rats were decapitated at 0800, 1200, 1600, and 2000 hours on the day of estrus. In the mated animals, these times corresponded to 4, 8, 12, and 16 hours respectively following coitus. Serum levels of prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were determined in both groups by specific and sensitive radioimmunoassays. Prolactin levels in mated rats were elevated (p < 0.05) during the entire 16- hour period following coitus, whereas increases in LH were noted for only the first 8 hours. Variation in the levels of FSH did not permit a meaningful conclusion regarding release of this hormone following mating. Additional female rats were mated, and day 1 of pregnancy was designated the day sperm were found in the vaginal lavage. Groups of animals were killed at daily intervals until term (day 23) and blood was collected for gonadotropin assays. Levels of gonadotropins in serum throughout gestation were generally less than those observed during.