Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Remote Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Lesions in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Characteristics, Mechanisms, Outcomes, and Therapeutic Implications

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most fatal form of stroke, with high mortality and disability rate. Small diffusion-weighed imaging lesions are not rare to see in regions remote from the hematoma after ICH and have been generally considered as related with poor outcome. In this review, we described the characteristics of remote ischemic lesions, discussed the possible mechanisms and clinical outcomes of these lesions, and evaluated the potential therapeutic implications.
Surveys in Combinatorics, 1999: Models of Random Regular Graphs

This is a survey of results on properties of random regular graphs, together with an exposition of some of the main methods of obtaining these results. Related results on asymptotic enumeration are also presented, as well as various generalisations to random graphs with given degree sequence. A major feature in this area is the small subgraph conditioning method. When applicable, this establishes a relationship between random regular graphs with uniform distribution, and non-uniform models of random regular graphs in which the probability of a graph G is weighted according to the number of subgraphs G has of a certain type. Information can be obtained in this way on the probability of existence of various types of spanning subgraphs, such as Hamilton cycles and decompositions into perfect matchings. Uniformly distributed labelled random regular graphs receive most of the attention, but also included are several non-uniform models which come about in a natural way. Some of these appear as spin-offs from the small subgraph conditioning method, and some arise from algorithms which use simple approaches to generating random regular graphs. A quite separate role played by algorithms is in the derivation of random graph properties by analysing the performance of an appropriate greedy algorithm on a random regular graph. Many open problems and conjectures are given.
A Tale of Three Dinner Plates: Truth and the Challenges of Human Rights Research in Zimbabwe

This article provides a personal reflection on the experience of human rights reporting in Zimbabwe from 2000. It does so through the prism of a story of violence and counter violence in a rural village in Matabeleland North as it has been told to Solidarity Peace Trust researchers over the course of several months in 2008. The story, which hinges on the fate of three dinner plates, is retold here with the aim of revealing the ways in which lived experiences of violence can blur the categorical boundaries of perpetrator and victim. It sheds light on some of the complexities of histories of violence, the ways violent events are narrated by those involved and blame is attributed. Such complexities are inevitably overlooked, excised or circumvented in the conventions of human rights reporting. Yet recognising such local complexities, and appreciating the ways in which collective attribution of blame can escalate cycles of violence, is a necessary part of any process of healing. Failure to recognise these complexities can lead to well-meaning civic actors inadvertently exacerbating existing tensions instead of reconciling them. In retelling the story of the three dinner plates, the article looks forward to a process of reconciliation in Zimbabwe, which the country desperately needs in order to embrace a future of peace, justice and reconstruction. Such a process will need to include public debate at village as well as at national level, and will need to take account of the complexities of the ways in which people talk about and make sense of their own lived experiences of violence.
Normative nasalance values across languages.

The Nasometer is an objective computer-based instrument designed to measure the acoustic correlates of resonance and velopharyngeal function. The device has proven to be useful for early identification of persons at risk for velopharyngeal dysfunction. Since its introduction, the Nasometer has been used in craniofacial centers and other clinical settings both in the United States and around the world. The purpose of this paper is to describe the Nasometer and its clinical uses, discuss speaker characteristics that might influence nasalance values, and provide a compilation of published normative nasalance data across English, Spanish, Asian, and European languages. Additionally, languages in need of normative nasalance data are discussed.
Defining the anabolic window of opportunity. Is protein intake immediately post resistance exercise critically important for muscle growth

anabolic response of muscle to resistance exercise and protein feeding is influenced by multiple factors, including the timing of protein feeding. A common perception is that a 45-60 min post-exercise ‘anabolic window of opportunity’ time frame exists, within which dietary protein must be consumed to achieve muscle anabolism (and ultimately muscle growth). In this review, we argue the importance of feeding protein immediately following exercise is not as critical as has been espoused. Indeed, muscle remains responsive to protein ingestion for at least 24 h post-exercise. On the other hand, given that feeding protein immediately post-exercise is unlikely to impair the muscle anabolic response, and could improve it, from a practical standpoint, we recommend athletes and exercisers consume some protein, as a meal or supplement, in the immediate period following resistance exercise. Defining the anabolic window of opportunity Is protein intake immediately post resistance exercise critically important for muscle growth?
Muscle Oxygen Desaturation is Related to Whole Body V˙O2 During Cross-Country Ski Skating

Previous research has demonstrated that blood flow and subsequent O2 desaturation (OD) in exercising muscle is related to the static component during exercise. In speed skating, increased OD is dissociated from whole body VO2 and heart rate (HR) when the skater increases the static component by 'sitting low'. This phenomenon was evaluated in cross-country skiers by manipulating speed and incline during treadmill roller skiing. Eight male cross-country skiers (22.4 +/- 3.2 yrs old) randomly performed constant incline- and constant speed-based protocols in which increased load was manipulated in five 4min stages by treadmill incline or speed change, respectively. A strong relationship (r = 0.83) was observed between VO2 and % OD while blood volume change (deltaBV) was minimal. Unexpectedly, no HR/ VO2 or HR/OD shifts were observed between protocols. The % OD response, in relation to blood lactate values, during submaximal exercise was very similar to that of VO2. The lack of an observed greater desaturation at higher inclines suggests that the expected static load may be attenuated by an increased contribution of poling. The strong relationship of % OD to whole body VO2 may be attributed to O2 dissociation in the capillary bed of the muscle to meet aerobic energy demand and is independent of blood flow dynamics during cross-country ski skating.
Upper-Limb Function Assessment Using VBBTs for Stroke Patients

Evaluating and quantifying the upper-limb functions are essential to planning effective patient rehabilitation. The box and block test (BBT) is a conventional, simple, and easy-to-apply assessment tool that is used in hospitals, and previous studies have demonstrated its usefulness in stroke rehabilitation. Using a conventional depth-sensing camera, the authors developed a virtual box and block test (VBBT) system for hand, finger, and grasping assessments based on the BBT used for the grasping ability test in hospitals. Such a virtual upper-limb-function assessment tool that can be implemented in a home setting could be a key component in a home-based virtual rehabilitation system. Comparison results between the real and virtual BBTs show the possibilities for virtualizing conventional and unsupervised assessments.
Dextran-Related Complications in Head and Neck Microsurgery: Do the Benefits Outweigh the Risks? A Prospective Randomized Analysis

Increased experience with free-tissue transfer has minimized flap loss secondary to microvascular thrombosis, yet pharmacologic antithrombotic prophylaxis continues to be used routinely. Currently there is no consensus on the ideal pharmacologic agent, dosing, or efficacy. Low-molecular-weight dextran has been widely used for prophylaxis due to its properties of volume expansion and enhanced microrheology. Significant systemic morbidity (pulmonary morbidity, cardiac morbidity, anaphylaxis) is known to occur with use of low-molecular-weight dextran. The purpose of this study was to evaluate morbidity associated with postoperative low-molecular-weight dextran and aspirin prophylaxis in head and neck microsurgery patients. This study was a randomized prospective analysis of 100 consecutive patients undergoing microvascular reconstruction for head and neck malignancy during a 2-year period. Patients were randomized into one of three postoperative antithrombotic prophylaxis treatment groups: low-molecular-weight dextran 20 cc/hour for 48 hours (n = 35), low-molecular-weight dextran 20 cc/hour for 120 hours (n = 32), or aspirin 325 mg/day for 120 hours (n = 27). Six patients were excluded intraoperatively due to the need for systemic heparin therapy. Treatment groups were compared for age, sex, prior medical problems, duration of anesthesia, and intraoperative fluid intake. Flap outcome and the incidence of local and systemic complications were evaluated in the treatment groups. Patient ages ranged from 12 to 84 years (mean age, 58 years). No significant difference was found among the treatment groups with respect to age, sex, prior medical problems, duration of anesthesia, intraoperative fluid intake, and the distribution of donor and recipient sites. There were no total flap losses and two partial flap losses in this series. Three flaps were reexplored and all were salvaged. The incidence of systemic complications (congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, and pneumonia) was as follows: low-molecular-weight dextran 120 hours, 51 percent; low-molecular-weight dextran 48 hours, 29 percent; and aspirin, 7 percent. Analysis of these data suggests that the method of prophylaxis had no effect on overall flap survival. However, the incidence of systemic complications was significantly related to the method of prophylaxis, with patients receiving low-molecular-weight dextran 120 hours and 48 hours at a 7.2 and 3.9 times greater relative risk, respectively, of developing a systemic complication compared with patients receiving aspirin. The results of this study have eliminated the routine use of low-molecular-weight dextran prophylaxis at our institution in an effort to reduce morbidity in head and neck microsurgical reconstruction.
State Space Realization of Model Predictive Controllers Without Active Constraints

To enable the use of traditional tools for analysis of multivariable controllers such as model predictive control (MPC), we develop a state space formulation for the resulting controller for MPC without constraints or assuming that the constraints are not active. Such a derivation was not found in the literature. The formulation includes a state estimator. The MPC algorithm used is a receding horizon controller with infinite horizon based on a state space process model. When no constraints are active, we obtain a state feedback controller, which is modified to achieve either output tracking, or a combination of input and output tracking. When the states are not available, they need to be estimated from the measurements. It is often recommended to achieve integral action in a MPC by estimating input disturbances and include their effect in the model. We show that to obtain offset free steady state the number of estimated disturbances must equal the number of measurements. The estimator is included in the controller equation, and we obtain a formulation of the overall controller with the set-points and measurements as inputs, and the manipulated variables as outputs. One application of the state space formulation is in combination with the process model to obtain a closed loop model. This can for example be used to check the steady-state solution and see whether integral action is obtained or not.
Building a Strengths-Based Campus to Support Student Retention

Strengths-based approaches are flourishing across hundreds of higher education institutions as student affairs practitioners and educators seek to leverage students’ natural talents so they can reach “previously unattained levels of personal excellence” (Lopez & Louis, 2009, p. 2). Grounded in a framework of positive psychology (Gilman, Huebner, & Furlong, 2009; Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000), these strengths-based initiatives help students to identify their natural talents, engage students in productive activities to develop their personal talents into strengths, and empower students to mobilize their strengths in everyday situations (Soria, Roberts, & Reinhard, 2015; Soria & Stubblefield, 2014). Strengths-based educational approaches are governed by the principle that capitalizing upon one’s best qualities will lead to greater success as opposed to focusing on remediating one’s weaknesses (Clifton & Harter, 2003; Lopez & Louis, 2009). One of the most well-known tools to help college students discover their strengths is the Clifton StrengthsFinder® assessment, developed using interview data from more than two million individuals over three decades (Clifton & Harter, 2003; Hodges & Harter, 2005). The StrengthsFinder® assessment helps individuals to identify the 5 most salient talent themes out of 34 natural talent themes, which are naturally recurring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors which, when refined with knowledge and skill, can be developed into strengths (Hodges & Harter, 2005). Several million college students have taken the StrengthsFinder® assessment to learn their top 5 talent themes (known colloquially as “top five strengths”; Lopez & Louis, 2009). Strengths-based approaches are focused upon helping individuals see their strengths as aspects of their identities that set them uniquely apart from others—even individuals with the exact same top 5 talent themes in the same order of salience (the odds of which are 1:34 million) are likely to use those themes in very unique ways. Even amid the growth of strengths-based approaches on college campuses, little research exists that examines the benefits of strengthsbased approaches for students. We attempt to bridge the gap in literature by examining the relationship between first-year undergraduate students’ strengths awareness and their retention. The institution under examination offers one of the largest implementations of strengths-based approaches in the nation, making it an ideal location within which to study the benefits of strengths-based approaches for first-year students.
Effect of diazepam and desmethyldiazepam in spasticity and rigidity

Benzodiazepines are known to reduce increased muscle stretch reflexes. To investigate the relationship between the necessary plasma concentrations of diazepam and its major metabolite desmethyldiazepam on the one hand and the phasic and tonic ankle reflex activity on the other, 10 mg diazepam was given intravenously to nine patients, seven with spasticity due to multiple sclerosis and two with parkinsonian rigidity.
CAN CONTROL AND FLEXIBLE LEADERSHIPS INFLUENCE DEVIANT BEHAVIOR

Deviant behavior is a recurring workplace behavioral problem. It happened in many organizations and has now transcends in public organization. An appropriate attention to deviance problem is necessary, because this problem brings harmful effects to the organization, economically and socially. Hence this article aims to identify the prevalence of deviant behavior and leadership behavior and to study the association between the two, as literatures indicate that the organizational leadership influences deviant behavior. In this study, two forms of leadership were emphasized which include control and flexibility leadership. Meanwhile two perspectives of deviant behavior are used to classify deviant behaviors, which are organizational deviance and interpersonal deviance. These perspectives are useful as it identifies deviant behavior of different severity and target. Result indicated that, control and flexible leaderships are prevalence. The study also indicated that organizational and interpersonal deviance is present. While correlation analysis reveals that control and flexibility leadership influences organizational and interpersonal deviance negatively. In sum, the study supports the deviance literatures and showed that, leadership causes improvement in organizational environment which can deter deviant behavior.
THE EFFICIENCY OF HYALURONIC ACID IN THE MANAGEMENT OF RADIATION INDUCED CYSTITIS

Radiation cystitis is a complex pathology, with a significant negative impact on the patient’s quality of life, often proving to be a real challenge for physicians due to its bothersome symptoms and severe complications such as recurrent haematuria. The mechanism involved in radiation induced cystitis pathogenesis is the injury of the bladder’s urothelium and its glycosaminoglycans layer. We have analysed the current data in terms of radiation induced cystitis and the role of the glycosaminoglycans replenishment therapy with hyaluronic acid in the management of radiation cystitis. The efficiency of hyaluronic acid in the management of radiation cystitis has been evaluated by a small number of clinical trials, but all of them have provided good results in terms of safety, as well as in improving the urinary symptoms and the patient’s quality of life.
Inducible expression of the proallergic cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin in airway epithelial cells is controlled by NFκB

The epithelial-derived cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is important for the initiation of allergic airway inflammation through a dendritic cell-mediated T helper 2 response. To identify the factors that control TSLP expression, we examined the ability of inflammatory mediators to regulate TSLP production in human airway epithelial cells. We found that both IL-1β and TNF-α were capable of inducing rapid TSLP production in primary human bronchial airway epithelial cells. We further characterized the human TSLP gene promoter, using two human epithelial cell lines, 16HBEo− and A549, and showed that IL-1β- and TNF-α-mediated human TSLP promoter activation in these cells was mediated by an upstream NFκB site. Mutation of this NFκB site abolished activation, as did overexpression of a dominant-negative version of IκB kinase (IKK)β (a kinase acting on IκB, the inhibitor of NFκB). Interestingly, human TSLP mRNA levels were also increased after exposure to Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR8, and TLR9 ligands, further supporting an important role for NFκB in TSLP gene regulation. Similarly, analysis of the mouse TSLP gene promoter revealed the presence of a similarly situated NFκB site that was also critical for IL-1β-inducible expression of mouse TSLP. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the inflammatory mediators IL-1β and TNF-α regulate human TSLP gene expression in an NFκB-dependent manner.
Guarding against online threats: why entrepreneurs take protective measures

ABSTRACT Information technology is becoming increasingly important for entrepreneurs. Protecting their technical infrastructure and stored data is, therefore, also becoming more vital. Nevertheless, research into the safety and security of entrepreneurs in general, and online threats targeted at entrepreneurs in particular, is still limited. This study investigates to what extent self-employed entrepreneurs protect themselves against online threats, and what motivates them to do so. Based on secondary analyses on data collected from 1622 Dutch entrepreneurs, we observe that the majority implement technical and personal coping measures. By adopting protection motivation theory as a theoretical basis for our study, we found that coping appraisal explains the adoption of protective measures. Entrepreneurs are likely to implement protective measures when they believe a measure is effective, when they are capable of using internet technology, when their attitude towards online protection is positive and when they believe they are responsible for their own online security. Although the secondary analysis provides some limitations, this study offers new insights into the usage of protective measures and the motivation for taking them. These insights can help to improve information security campaigns.
A hybrid prognosis and health monitoring strategy by integrating particle filters and neural networks for gas turbine engines

In this paper, a novel hybrid structure is proposed for the development of health monitoring techniques of nonlinear systems by integration of model-based and computationally intelligent and data-driven techniques. In our proposed health monitoring framework, the well-known particle filtering method is utilized to estimate the states as well as the health parameters of the system. Simultaneously, the system observations are predicted through an observation forecasting scheme which is developed based on artificial neural networks to construct observation profiles for future time horizons. As a case study, the proposed approach is applied to predict the health condition of a gas turbine engine when it is affected by degradation damage.
Questions of perception and reality.

Professor Robert J. Sampson ranks without any doubt amongst the world leaders in the fields of urban sociology and sociological criminology. He has made seminal contributions to socio-ecological theory (e.g., through his theory of collective efficacy) and, together with Stephen Raudenbush, to the much needed advancement of socio-ecological methods (ecometrics). His studies, with John Laub, into crime across the life course are modern classics. The hallmark of his scholarly activity is his thorough empirical study of carefully chosen central theoretical problems. He is a classic scholar in the best sense of the word: curious, critical, non-ideological and open-minded.All these qualities were evident in his presentation at the 2008 BJS Annual Lecture (Sampson 2009), which fundamentally addressed the topical and important question ‘What is the role of disorder in the social differentiation of urban areas and neighbourhood change? ’ His answer is essentially that perceived disorder plays a vital role in these social processes. Let’s summarize his main arguments. Sampson makes the case that it is not actual disorder but people’s assessment of the seriousness of disorders that matters, and that these two aspects of disorder (although related) are not the same thing. He submits that people’s assessment of disorder seriousness depends on the neighbourhood social context in which that disorder occurs. Certain signifiers of disorder (e.g., graffiti) and kinds of disorderly behaviour (e.g., groups of drunken young people) are viewed as more problematic in some neighbourhood contexts than in others. What makes a difference, Sampson argues, is the neighbourhood population composition. Some social groups – in the US context ‘blacks, disadvantaged minorities, and recent immigrant groups’ – are more linked in the public imagination to such things as crime and violence and, therefore, if disorder occurs in neighbourhoods where such social groups predominate, there is a tendency to assess that disorder as more serious than similar disorder occurring in neighbourhoods dominated by other social groups (but, crucially, Sampson’s argument holds, and his empirical findings support, that these