Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calmodulin kinase II is required for fight or flight sinoatrial node physiology

The best understood “fight or flight” mechanism for increasing heart rate (HR) involves activation of a cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel (HCN4) by β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) agonist stimulation. HCN4 conducts an inward “pacemaker” current (If) that increases the sinoatrial nodal (SAN) cell membrane diastolic depolarization rate (DDR), leading to faster SAN action potential generation. Surprisingly, HCN4 knockout mice were recently shown to retain physiological HR increases with isoproterenol (ISO), suggesting that other If-independent pathways are critical to SAN fight or flight responses. The multifunctional Ca2+ and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a downstream signal in the βAR pathway that activates Ca2+ homeostatic proteins in ventricular myocardium. Mice with genetic, myocardial and SAN cell CaMKII inhibition have significantly slower HRs than controls during stress, leading us to hypothesize that CaMKII actions on SAN Ca2+ homeostasis are critical for βAR agonist responses in SAN. Here we show that CaMKII mediates ISO HR increases by targeting SAN cell Ca2+ homeostasis. CaMKII inhibition prevents ISO effects on SAN Ca2+ uptake and release from intracellular sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) stores that are necessary for increasing DDR. CaMKII inhibition has no effect on the ISO response in SAN cells when SR Ca2+ release is disabled and CaMKII inhibition is only effective at slowing HRs during βAR stimulation. These studies show the tightly coupled, but previously unanticipated, relationship of CaMKII to the βAR pathway in fight or flight physiology and establish CaMKII as a critical signaling molecule for physiological HR responses to catecholamines.
The Effects of a Fat Tax on French Households' Purchases: A Nutritional Approach

This article assesses the effects of a “fat tax” on the nutrients purchased by French households across different income groups. This is done by making a preliminary estimation of price elasticities using a complete demand system on household scanner data, and by calculating nutrient elasticities using estimated price elasticities. We find that a fat tax has small and ambiguous effects on nutrients purchased by French households, and a slight effect on body weight in the short run, with a greater effect in the long run. Such a tax generates substantial tax revenue, but is highly regressive.
The Mismeasure of Woman

Psychology, like society at large, continues to be baffled by the persistent belief that men and women differ in important psychological ways, in spite of countless studies that fail to demonstrate such differences or that capture them for only a brief moment. New approaches avoid the polarization of `male' and female' traits, emphasizing how and why these qualities change over the life span, across cultures and throughout history. To understand where the differences are, we must look to narrative, power, and the conditions of our lives.
Information disclosure and decision-making: the Middle East versus the Far East and the West

Objectives: to assess physicians’ and patients’ views in Saudi Arabia (KSA) towards involving the patient versus the family in the process of diagnosis disclosure and decision-making, and to compare them with views from the USA and Japan. Design: A self-completion questionnaire (used previously to study these issues in Japan and the USA) was translated to Arabic and validated. Participants: Physicians (n = 321) from different specialties and ranks and patients (n = 264) in a hospital or attending outpatient clinics from 6 different regions in KSA. Results: In the case of a patient with incurable cancer, 67% of doctors and 51% of patients indicated that they would inform the patient in preference to the family of the diagnosis (p = 0.001). Assuming the family already knew, 56% of doctors and 49% of patients would tell the patient even if family objected (p NS). However, in the case of HIV infection, 59% of physicians and 81% of patients would inform the family about HIV status without the patient’s consent (p = 0.001). With regards to withholding ventilatory support, about 50% of doctors and over 60% of patients supported the use of mechanical ventilation in a patient with advanced cancer, regardless of the wishes of the patient or the family. Finally, the majority of doctors and patients (>85%) were against assisted suicide. Conclusions: Although there was more recognition for a patient’s autonomy amongst physicians, most patients preferred a family centred model of care. Views towards information disclosure were midway between those of the USA and Japan. Distinctively, however, decisions regarding life prolonging therapy and assisted suicide were not influenced to a great extent by wishes of the patient or family, but more likely by religious beliefs.
New Assessment Forms in Problem-based Learning: The value-added of the students' perspective

To an increasing extent, teachers and students are leaving the well-known, traditional learning and assessment avenues and moving towards new learning environments and modes of assessment. However, the road from theory to practice seems to be a rocky one. This article presents the quantitative and qualitative data gathered from a research project which focused on different quality aspects of two new assessment forms in problem-based learning. A written examination was used to assess the extent to which students are able to define, analyse and solve novel, authentic problems. Peer assessment was introduced for students to report on collaborative work during the tutorial meeting, and during the study period that follows these weekly meetings. Students' perceptions are used as a tool for explaining the strengths and weaknesses of both instruments and the learning environment in which they are embedded. The article suggests that both assessment forms have acceptable qualities. The written examination seems to have an acceptable curricular, instructional and criterion validity. For the peer assessment, generalisability coefficients for both groups were over 0.75. Peer assessment seems to be accurate. Peer marks seem to correlate well with tutor marks and final examination scores. However, the students' learning outcomes, as measured by the examination, are lower than expected. Staff members experience the students' learning activities as disappointing. In the Louvain case, there are indications that the students cannot accurately reflect on their own functioning. In order to highlight plausible explanations, students' perceptions of the learning-assessment environment are analysed. In both cases, students perceive a gap between their working in the tutorial groups and the assessment. These results offer a valuable input for teachers to formulate concrete recommendations for optimising their educational and assessment practices.
Internet AddIctIon In the context of PosItIve Psychology

Optimal, or flow experience is a psychological construct introduced by M.Csik- szentmihalyi; it refers to intrinsic motivation when an activity is worth doing for its own sake and denotes productive work with high concentration on the task, distinct objectives and high level of satisfaction, positive feelings such as enjoy-ment, balance between the available skills and the task challenges, immediate feedback, as well as temporary loss of self-consciousness and distorted sense of time. This construct is being intensely used in numerous environments connected with the use of information technologies, including specific ones such as Internet addiction. The latter context is argued to be incorrect, since addiction means a negative feeling while flow is positive. Numerous examples follow distinguishing online gamers’ repetitive behaviors referring to flow experience from those which refer to addictive behavior.
Subjective Cognitive Decline as a Preclinical Marker for Alzheimer's Disease: The Challenge of Stability Over Time

Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) refers to a self-experienced persistent decline in cognitive abilities in comparison with a prior normal status and independent of the objective performance on neuropsychological tests (Jessen et al., 2014). It has been proposed that SCDmight appear at the end of the preclinical phase of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) even in the absence of significant objective impairment detectable on standardized neuropsychological assessment (Rabin et al., 2017). This fact explains why SCD is gaining increased prominence in neurodegenerative research as a potential marker for future Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) due to AD. Nevertheless, in our opinion SCD has to face up to a challenge in order to aspire to become a reliable marker of preclinical AD. This challenge is related to the temporal stability of self-reported complaints over time. This manuscript describes this challenge. SCD is considered a sign of preclinical AD that occurs even before objective cognitive impairment appears (Figure 1). A recent meta-analysis has revealed that about 25% of cognitively healthy older adults who report SCDwill developMCI due to AD in the next 4 years (Mitchell et al., 2014). In addition, these individuals have two-fold risk of progression to dementia during a 5-year follow-up period. To increase the potential usefulness of SCD the international working group called Subjective Cognitive Decline Initiative (SCD-I) agreed to a common framework and research procedures to study the role of SCD as a marker of preclinical AD (Jessen et al., 2014). Following these new standards, cognitively healthy individuals who accomplish certain conditions of SCD have been probed to have four times higher risk for developing prodromal AD in just 1-year compared to those subjects without complaints (Fernández-Blázquez et al., 2016). Despite its outstanding clinical value, recently the SCD-I also pointed out some limitations of SCD when it comes to investigating this concept (Rabin et al., 2015; Molinuevo et al., 2017). These limitations could be summarized in three different blocks:
Ethnographies of postsocialist change

In this paper, we examine the value of ethnographic research for developing a critical area studies approach that promotes cosmopolitan scholarship and contributes to the decentring of universal knowledge claims. We focus on the potential of ethnographic research on postsocialist change to form part of such a re-envisaged, critical area studies. The paper seeks to demonstrate to what extent ethnographic research not only offers a better understanding of the social and cultural practices through which postsocialist transformations are lived and negotiated, but also produces new conceptual insights on the basis of engaging with empirical complexity. Problems of researcher positionality, the politics of representation, methodology and ethics are discussed in relation to recent critiques of anthropological writing and research. We draw on Massey's (2005) concept of space-time and Robinson's (2003) and Gibson-Graham's (2004) proposals for a postcolonial, critical area studies to identify ways of reimagining ethnography as a mode of engagement rather than observation and of producing rather than surveying difference.
Developing an instrument to characterise peer‐led groups in collaborative learning environments: assessing problem‐solving approach and group interaction

Collaborative learning is being used extensively by educators at all levels. Peer‐led team learning in a version of collaborative learning that has shown consistent success in science, technology, engineering and mathematics disciplines. Using a multi‐phase research study we describe the development of an observation instrument that can be used to assess peer‐led group learning. This paper illustrates the development of a classification system for peer‐led learning groups and an instrument based on this classification system. The instrument evaluates small learning groups on two important aspects of group learning: problem solving approach and group interaction style. We provide evidence of the factor structure of the two dimensions using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. We also provide information about the reliability of the two scales as measured by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data from a large peer‐led learning programme was used to conduct the factor analysis. Results from the factor analysis confirmed that the instrument is actually measuring two key characteristics of small learning groups: problem solving approach and group interaction style, characteristics that have been linked to effective functioning of the group and to the student learning outcomes. This instrument may be particularly appealing to practitioners (faculty members, those running small‐group learning programmes, etc.) because it is easy to use and it does not require extensive time for analysis.
Propiedades Psicométricas de la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico y su Estructura Factorial en Universitarios Chilenos

The study analyzes the psychometric properties and factor structure of Ryff's (1989) Psychological Well-being Scale adapted by van Dierendonck (2004). The scale was applied to a sample of 691 Chilean university students averaging 21.4 years old (SD 2.6 years). The highest reliability among sub-scales is Self-acceptance (.79) and the lowest Purpose in Life (.54). Confirmatory factor analysis shows an RMSEA of . 068 which was deemed acceptable, a CFI value of . 95, an NNFI of . 94 and an SRMR of . 060. We conclude that the model fit is adequate, so it may be used on the Chilean university student population.
Testimonios of Life and Learning in the Borderlands: Subaltern Juárez Girls Speak

This article presents the testimonios of two high school girls coming of age in one of the most marginalized areas of Ciudad Juárez, México who attend a school with a critical pedagogy orientation (Freire, 1970). Ciudad Juárez is a city on the U.S-México border and considered one of the most violent in the world today. These testimonios shed light on the life experiences and identity formation of young women coming of age in the south side of the border and reveal the knowledge and wisdom they have gained in their struggle for freedom, dignity, and life. They also expose the epistemological and pedagogical nature of young women's discourse and wisdom characterized by testimonios as counter-narratives, confessions, and consejos; and the role of a critical school in promoting such discourse. This article offers insight into the potential of schools to become sites of organic healing, critical consciousness, and agency in dystopic times by cultivating the use of testimonios as a way to center and legitimize subaltern knowledge.
Do I Contribute More When I Trust More? Differential Effects of Cognition- and Affect-Based Trust

Abstract This study investigates the relationship between level of trust and cooperative behaviours in a social dilemma. We argue that this relationship should depend on the basis of trust (cognition- versus affect-based) and on beliefs about the equality of resource endowments. Results supported our prediction that increasing affect-based trust increases cooperation, but increasing cognition-based trust to a certain level can reduce cooperation because of free-riding tendency. Moreover, these effects of trust are stronger for individuals who believed that other group members had more resources than they did. Thus, our study demonstrates that higher levels of trust do not necessarily encourage cooperation. Implications of these findings are discussed. 摘要 本文在社会两难情境下研究了信任程度和合作行为的关系。 作者提出，这一关系依赖于信任的基础（基于认知的信任还是基于情感的信任）以及对平等拥有资源的信念。 研究结果支持了作者的假设，即提髙情感信任会增进合作行为，而在认知信任提髙到一定程度后会导致'搭便车'倾向，而降低合作行为。 本文进一步发现，当个体相信群体中其他成员比他们拥有更多资源时，这种信任的负效应更为突出。 所以，本文认为较髙的信任并不一定提高合作水平。 文章最后讨论了这些发现的理论和实践含意。
A New Dataset and Benchmark for Cloud Computing Service Composition

Cloud computing as an effective computing approach is attracting increasingly the attention of heavy processing applicants to its capabilities. Cloud suppliers try to prevent any service-request unanswered utilizing a large number of service providers. Selecting optimal unique-services in cloud computing service composition (CCSC) is a noteworthy problem that must be addressed extremely accurate and scrupulously. Recently, considerable studies have been done for solving CCSC, however lack of widely accepted and reliable CCSC problems for fair and equitable comparison of proposing methods, is a blind spot and should be considered as a high-priority problem. In this paper, a reliable set of ten CCSC problems is introduced (CCSC_Benchmark) which is prepared to be used as a "standard test" in future works. To complete the usability of the problem set, the best solutions of the generated problems are also found and presented to provide a facility for calculating error rate of the proposed methods.
Social Work Students' Feelings and Concerns about the Ending of their Fieldwork Supervision

This qualitative study examines the feelings and concerns of 80 social work students at the ending of their fieldwork supervision. The findings show that students who described good relationships reported mixed or ambivalent feelings about the ending, deriving from their warm feelings of attachment, on the one hand, and from their drive to grow and develop, on the other. Those who described poor or fair relationships were spared feelings of sadness or loss, but they were also left without good feelings and with little ability to express their bad ones. The paper offers practical suggestions for improving the supervisory process and ending the fieldwork supervision.
GABAB‐receptor splice variants GB1a and GB1b in rat brain: developmental regulation, cellular distribution and extrasynaptic localization

GABAB (γ‐aminobutyric acid)‐receptors have been implicated in central nervous system (CNS) functions, e.g. cognition and pain perception, and dysfunctions including spasticity and absence epilepsy. To permit an analysis of the two known GABAB‐receptor splice variants GABAB‐R1a (GB1a) and GABAB‐R1b (GB1b), their distribution pattern has been differentiated in the rat brain, using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry with isoform‐specific antisera. During postnatal maturation, the expression of the two splice variants was differentially regulated with GB1a being preponderant at birth. In adult brain, GB1b‐immunoreactivity (‐IR) was predominant, and the two isoforms largely accounted for the pattern of GABAB‐receptor binding sites in the brain. Receptor heterogeneity was pronounced in the hippocampus, where both isoforms occurred in CA1, but only GB1b in CA3. Similarly, in the cerebellum, GB1b was exclusively found in Purkinje cells in a zebrin‐like pattern. The staining was most pronounced in Purkinje cell dendrites and spines. Using electron microscopy, over 80% of the spine profiles in which a synaptic contact with a parallel fibre was visible contained GB1b‐IR at extrasynaptic sites. This subcellular localization is unrelated to GABAergic inputs, indicating that the role of GABAB‐receptors in vivo extends beyond synaptic GABAergic neurotransmission and may, in the cerebellum, involve taurine as a ligand.
Efficient Link-to-Systemlevel Modeling for Accurate Simulations of MIMO-OFDM Systems

This paper focuses on emulation of the linklevel processing for efficient systemlevel simulations of MIMO-OFDM based mobile communication systems. While the downlink of 3GPP’s Long Term Evolution (LTE) and the various MIMO transmission modes used therein stand in the focus of our considerations, the proposed techniques can be applied to o ther MIMO-OFDM based communication systems such as WiMAX. In particular, we compute effective fading gains and interference levels that allow us to very accurately emulate the signal processing at linklevel, i.e. channel en-/decoding, (de-) modulation, layer (de-)mapping, precoding and equalization, with mini mal complexity during systemlevel simulations.
Facial appearance in adults who had cleft lip and palate treated in childhood

Sixty-eight adults (44 men and 24 women) with treated total cleft lip and palate were compared with a group of 66 adults (49 men and 17 women) without clefts, matched by sex and age. The outcome measures included a self-report questionnaire about body image, quality of life in general, health-related quality of life, somatisation, and depression. The group with clefts were also asked if they had further need of treatment. They reported significantly more dissatisfaction with their facial appearance (nose, lips, mouth, profile, and overall facial appearance) than the group without clefts. Satisfaction with facial appearance was significantly correlated with a better quality of life in both groups, and significantly correlated with a better health-related quality of life and a lower grade of somatisation in the group with clefts. Dissatisfaction with facial appearance was the most significant predictor of depression in both groups. A panel of four professionals from a cleft lip and palate treatment team judged the outcome of treatment in 64 of the subjects on colour slides. The professionals and the subjects with clefts were generally not very satisfied with the results of the surgical outcome. Thirty of the subjects with clefts (47%) wished to have more operations. The professional group recommended further operations in 38 of the cases (59%), in particular, rhinoplasties. We conclude that the subjects with treated clefts were not satisfied with their facial appearance, although they seem to be psychosocially well-adjusted to their disability.
Spatial priors for part-based recognition using statistical models

We present a class of statistical models for part-based object recognition that are explicitly parameterized according to the degree of spatial structure they can represent. These models provide a way of relating different spatial priors that have been used for recognizing generic classes of objects, including joint Gaussian models and tree-structured models. By providing explicit control over the degree of spatial structure, our models make it possible to study the extent to which additional spatial constraints among parts are actually helpful in detection and localization, and to consider the tradeoff in representational power and computational cost. We consider these questions for object classes that have substantial geometric structure, such as airplanes, faces and motorbikes, using datasets employed by other researchers to facilitate evaluation. We find that for these classes of objects, a relatively small amount of spatial structure in the model can provide statistically indistinguishable recognition performance from more powerful models, and at a substantially lower computational cost.
Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Evaluation of Adhatoda Vasica Leaf

Adhataoda vasica is distributed throughout tropical and sub tropical parts of India. Their leaves are used as expectorant and bronchodilator. Detailed morphological and qualitative as well as quantitative microscopic study was carried out. This was followed by phytochemical screening of the species. Leaf surface microscopy of Adhataoda vasica shows polygonal thin walled epidermal cells and diacytic stomata and the chief powder characterisics of leaf powder are 2-4 celled blunt covering trichomes, sessile glandular trichomes, acicular and prismatic calcium oxalate crystals. The present work can serve as a useful tool in the identification, authentication and standardization of the plant material and also their formulations as well as serving as a guide for isolating novel phytoconstituents from the plant.