Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of recent decisions on future goal selection

Recent decisions about actions and goals can have effects on future choices. Several studies have shown an effect of the previous trial history on neural activity in a subsequent trial. Often, but not always, these effects originate from task requirements that make it necessary to maintain access to previous trial information to make future decisions. Maintaining the information about recent decisions and their outcomes can play an important role in both adapting to new contingencies and learning. Previous goal decisions must be distinguished from goals that are currently being planned to avoid perseveration or more general errors. Output monitoring is probably based on this separation of accomplished past goals from pending future goals that are being pursued. Behaviourally, it has been shown that the history context can influence the location, error rate and latency of successive responses. We will review the neurophysiological studies in the literature, including data from our laboratory, which support a role for the frontal lobe in tracking previous goal selections and outputs when new goals need to be accomplished.
Relating the process of undergraduate essay writing to the finished product

ABSTRACT This paper reports on research into the process and product of student essay writing at undergraduate level. The research was carried out from two different theoretical perspectives: phenomenonographic research on student learning in higher education, and systemic functional linguistic research on student writing in higher education. The research highlights both the qualitatively different ways that students conceive of essays and therefore approach the process of writing them, and the qualitatively different types of essays that emerge. The paper discusses the relationship between the two sets of findings, and raises some pedagogical issues for the teaching of essay writing in higher education.
A Spectral Formulation for the Transient Analysis of Plane-Wave Coupling to Multiconductor Transmission Lines

In this paper, a new spectral formulation for the transient analysis of plane-wave coupling to multiconductor transmission lines (MTLs) is presented. The proposed approach is fully based on a recently developed technique to represent the Green's function of the second-order telegrapher's equation in a series rational form. The use of trigonometric basis functions to model the spatial distribution of voltages allows one to analytically compute the convolution integrals describing the equivalent sources. Furthermore, the rational form of the Green's function permits one to handle MTLs with frequency-dependent per-unit-length parameters, leading to a rational form of the equivalent sources that can be easily computed and incorporated in nonlinear simulators. Hence, the proposed approach, besides avoiding the problem of mixed time/frequency simulations, provides a rigorous spectral form of the equivalent sources that is well suited for time-domain analysis. Numerical results are presented for port voltages induced on MTLs by incident plane waves, confirming the accuracy of the proposed method compared to existing techniques based on the inverse fast Fourier transform.
Constructing minimum-energy broadcast trees in wireless ad hoc networks

In this paper we assume that a multihop wireless network (also called a wireless ad hoc network) consists of nodes whose transmitting powers are finitely adjustable. We consider two fundamental problems related to power consumption in this kind of network. One is the minimum-energy broadcast tree problem, which broadcasts a message from a source node to all the other nodes in the network such that the summation of transmission powers at all nodes is minimized; and another is the minimum-energy multicast tree problem, which multicasts a message from a source node to the nodes in a given subset of nodes such that the summation of the transmission powers at all involved nodes is minimized.We first show the minimum-energy broadcast tree problem is NP-complete. We then present an approximate algorithm for the problem in a general setting, which delivers an approximate solution with a bounded performance guarantee. The algorithm takes O((k+1)1/εn3/ε time, where n is the number of nodes in the wireless network, k is the number of power levels at each node, and ε is constant with 0⁢ε&xie; 1. For a special case of the problem where every node is equipped with the same type of battery, we propose an approximate algorithm which has a better performance ratio than that in the general case setting, and the algorithm takes O(kn2 log n) time. We finally extend the technique for the minimum-energy broadcast tree problem to solve the minimum-energy multicast tree problem, which leads to a similar result. The technique adopted in this paper is to reduce the minimum-energy broadcast (multicast) tree problem on a wireless ad hoc network to an optimization problem on an auxiliary weighted graph, and solve the optimization problem on the auxiliary graph which in turn gives an approximate solution for the original problem.
Polypeptide specificity of antiviral serum antibodies in children naturally infected with human rotavirus

Reassortants between serotype 3 SA11 and serotype 6 NCDV rotaviruses were used to determine the relative amounts of serum-neutralizing antibody to VP4 and VP7 of serotype 3 SA11 rotavirus in children after natural rotavirus exposure. Sera from Ecuadorian children of a population-based study and sera from children of a hospital-based study in Germany (excluding diarrhea patients) demonstrated high titers of VP7-specific but only low titers of VP4-specific antibodies. In contrast, paired sera from German children hospitalized with a symptomatic primary rotavirus gastroenteritis demonstrated a titer increase to VP4 more frequently than to VP7 protein by neutralization test and immunoblotting. For these rotavirus patients, we provided, previously, direct evidence for the development of cross-neutralizing antibodies.
Synthesis of mannosylinositol phosphorylceramides is involved in maintenance of cell integrity of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Complex sphingolipids play important roles in many physiologically important events in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, we screened yeast mutant strains showing a synthetic lethal interaction with loss of mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide (MIPC) synthesis and found that a specific group of glycosyltransferases involved in the synthesis of mannan‐type N‐glycans is essential for the growth of cells lacking MIPC synthases (Sur1 and Csh1). The genetic interaction was also confirmed by repression of MNN2, which encodes alpha‐1,2‐mannosyltransferase that synthesizes mannan‐type N‐glycans, by a tetracycline‐regulatable system. MNN2‐repressed sur1Δ csh1Δ cells exhibited high sensitivity to zymolyase treatment, and caffeine and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) strongly inhibited the growth of sur1Δ csh1Δ cells, suggesting impairment of cell integrity due to the loss of MIPC synthesis. The phosphorylated form of Slt2, a mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase activated by impaired cell integrity, increased in sur1Δ csh1Δ cells, and this increase was dramatically enhanced by the repression of Mnn2. Moreover, the growth defect of MNN2‐repressed sur1Δ csh1Δ cells was enhanced by the deletion of SLT2 or RLM1 encoding a downstream target of Slt2. These results indicated that loss of MIPC synthesis causes impairment of cell integrity, and this effect is enhanced by impaired synthesis of mannan‐type N‐glycans.
Efficiently Learning Ising Models on Arbitrary Graphs

graph underlying an Ising model from i.i. d. samples. Over the last fifteen years this problem has been of significant interest in the statistics, machine learning, and statistical physics communities, and much of the effort has been directed towards finding algorithms with low computational cost for various restricted classes of models. Nevertheless, for learning Ising models on general graphs with p nodes of degree at most d, it is not known whether or not it is possible to improve upon the pd computation needed to exhaustively search over all possible neighborhoods for each node. In this paper we show that a simple greedy procedure allows to learn the structure of an Ising model on an arbitrary bounded-degree graph in time on the order of p2. We make no assumptions on the parameters except what is necessary for identifiability of the model, and in particular the results hold at low-temperatures as well as for highly non-uniform models. The proof rests on a new structural property of Ising models: we show that for any node there exists at least one neighbor with which it has a high mutual information.
KnowMore - knowledge base augmentation with structured web markup

Knowledge bases are in widespread use for aiding tasks such as information extraction and information retrieval, where Web search is a prominent example. However, knowledge bases are inherently incomplete, particularly with respect to tail entities and properties. On the other hand, embedded entity markup based on Microdata, RDFa, and Microformats have become prevalent on the Web and constitute an unprecedented source of data with signiﬁcant potential to aid the task of knowledge base augmentation (KBA). RDF statements extracted from markup are fundamentally different from traditional knowledge graphs: entity descriptions are ﬂat, facts are highly redundant and of varied quality, and, explicit links are missing despite a vast amount of coreferences. Therefore, data fusion is required in order to facilitate the use of markup data for KBA. We present a novel data fusion approach which addresses these issues through a combination of entity matching and fusion techniques geared towards the speciﬁc challenges associated with Web markup. To ensure precise and non-redundant results, we follow a supervised learning approach based on a set of features considering aspects such as quality and relevance of entities, facts and their sources. We perform a thorough evaluation on a subset of the Web Data Commons dataset and show signiﬁcant potential for augmenting existing knowledge bases. A comparison with existing data fusion baselines demonstrates superior performance of our approach when applied to Web markup data.
Commentary: Promising answers, and the next generation of questions

The papers in this special issue will be immensely valuable in taking forward the agenda of research, practice and theory construction in the field of offender rehabilitation. Some have consolidated existing knowledge in specific areas and analysed its potential implications. Others have identified the key points at issue in the debate between different models of the rehabilitation process. Still others have explored or developed a number of relatively neglected matters, including the delivery of treatment within a coercive framework; the role of labelling in change and desistance processes; the importance of the therapeutic alliance in offence-focused work; and reconceptualisation of the responsivity principle within the framework of therapeutic jurisprudence. The present paper extracts some further principal themes from the spectrum of issues raised. Discussion of these is grouped under the four headings of theory construction, evidence accumulation, practical implementation, and ethical and political dimensions.
Social Class, Educational Opportunity and Equal Entitlement: Dilemmas of schooling in England and France

Through a comparison of the beliefs, goals and teaching methods adopted by primary school teachers working in areas of disadvantage in England and France, this paper considers how the education systems of the two countries resolve the dilemmas involved in providing educational opportunities to children of all social class backgrounds. Traditionally, the centralised French system, strongly influenced by a republican ideological tradition, has adopted a policy of equal entitlement and equal treatment for all, while the English system has enshrined the notion of differentiated teaching according to the perceived needs of the child. In research carried out before recent reforms, significant differences were found in the goals which inner city teachers set themselves in the two countries. Recent follow-up research indicates the continued central importance of teachers' values in the light of strong external pressure to change.
Realizing IT Business Value from Retail Channel Integration: A Configurational Structure-Strategy Fit Assessment

Retail organisations are making investments into information technologies (IT) to integrate their physical and online retail channels in order to meet the demands of multichannel consumers. Redesigning the organisation into an IT-enabled hybrid organisational structure is a complex process that involves decisions to either integrate or differentiate numerous organisational activities. Drawing on the configuration theory, this paper used a survey dataset of 125 multichannel retail organisations and applied the profile deviation approach to assess the coaligment between hybrid organisational structure and generic business strategies of prospectors, analyzers and defenders. Results suggested that organisations that have hybrid structures that are most similar to the high-performing organisations of their strategic type performed better than those whose firm profile deviated from the ideal profile. Implications for research and practice are provided.
The Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire: Reliability and Validity Studies and Derivation of a Short Form.

A series of interrelated analyses were conducted on 2 samples of college students to examine the reliability and validity of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) and to develop and validate a short version of the scale. Factor analyses were conducted and tended to approximate Cloninger's proposed model. Novelty Seeking predicted a range of substance use and abuse measures, and substance use disorders. Harm Avoidance was unrelated to substance use but predicted alcohol problems and dependence phenomena. No support was found for the quadratic and specific interaction effects proposed by Cloninger (1987a) . The Short-TPQ, a 44-item scale derived through exploratory factor analysis, demonstrated levels of reliability and validity quite comparable to those of the full scale. These results provide moderate support for the reliability and validity of both the TPQ and the Short-TPQ.
Narrative analysis of ‘hidden stories’: a potential tool for teacher training

The phenomenon of ‘hidden stories’ is presented here through an exemplary story told by a woman teacher, who revealed it for the first time in a seminar work, employing narrative analysis to examine its long-term effect on her. Through that intimate narrative and its analysis, this study seeks to understand how narrative analysis contributed to the teacher’s self-assessment and reassessment of her identity. The work is analysed in relation to five questions, derived from the teacher’s own narrative analysis, employing a methodology termed ‘analysis of an analysis’. The findings reveal how narrative analysis facilitated her in-depth understanding of her identity at different life stages, thereby enabling her to reconstruct it anew. In regard to teachers (as indeed to all individuals), painful school memories offer an important source for the study of identity construction. Intimate narrative research is thus suggested as a useful tool for inclusion in teacher training, enabling student teachers to investigate their autobiographical narratives in relation to emotions and self-identity.
Long Non-Coding RNA KCNQ1OT1 Promotes Cataractogenesis via miR-214 and Activation of the Caspase-1 Pathway

Background/Aims: KCNQ1OT1 regulates the expression of tissue-specific imprinted genes within the Kcnq1 domain. Imprinted genes are positive regulators of apoptosis, one of the forms of cell death related to cataract formation, and thus may provide novel therapeutic targets for cataract treatment. Here, we studied the role of non-coding RNAs(ncRNA) in cataract formation. Methods: Human lens epithelium cells (HLECs) were treated with H2O2, and the expression of KCNQ1OT1 and miR-214 was detected by qRT-PCR. The expression of caspase-1 was detected using qRT-PCR, western blot and immunostaining. To confirm our findings in cell cultures, we analysed KCNQ1OT1, miR-214, and caspase-1 expression in lens anterior capsules of both cataract patients and normal controls by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. Results: We found that the expression of KCNQ1OT1 was increased in both human cataract lens anterior capsular samples and SRA01/04 cell lines treated with H2O2. Knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 expression significantly suppressed H2O2-induced SRA01/04 cell pyroptosis in vitro, which is the critical step in cataract formation. The expression of microRNA-214 (miR-214) was also decreased in cataract lens anterior capsular tissues and H2O2-induced SRA01/04 cell lines. Knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 significantly increased the expression of miR-214. Conclusions: We demonstrated for the first time that caspase-1 is a functional downstream target of miR-214, and knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 reduced the expression of caspase-1. These results provide evidence that the KCNQ1OT1-miR-214-caspase-1 regulatory network is a novel mechanism for promoting cataract formation.
Understanding Phase Noise in LC VCOs: A Key Problem in RF Integrated Circuits

The design of low-phase-noise inductor-capacitor voltage-controlled oscillators (LC VCOs) has been one of the most important topics in the field of radio frequency (RF) integrated circuits in last 20 years. A huge number of IEEE papers have been devoted to this subject, which is quite a unique circumstance for a circuit that typically embeds from three (sometimes two) to five transistors. The reasons for this widespread interest are well known, i.e., the phase noise of VCOs is one major obstacle encountered during the design of RF transceivers, and the power dissipated to meet the noise specs is often a nonnegligible portion of the total budget. A second reason is the intrinsic time-variant nature (often also nonlinear) of these circuits, which makes their analysis very difficult.
Body image of anorexic, obese, and normal females.

This study investigated disturbances in body image perception with anorexic, obese and control groups (N = 24). Each group was comprised of 8 female subjects matched for age. An original silhouette chart and chi squares were employed, and a significant difference was found among the groups in the perception of the present-self body image (chi 2 (8) = 24.19, p less than . 01), body image at plus 10 pounds (chi 2 (6) = 27.63, p less than . 01), and body image at minus 10 pounds (chi 2 (8) = 26.05, p less than . 01). No differences among the groups appeared in perceived ideal-self body image or in their perception of the body image that was expected from their families. A directional trend was noted in anorexic overestimation and obese underestimation on the total concept of body image. Significant differences among the groups as judged via a semantic differential technique were found for personality descriptions of happy/sad, active/passive, popular/unpopular, effective/ineffective, competent/incompetent, smart/stupid, and cold/warm.
On the Content Saturation of the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory Scales

Since the scales in the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory do not have good factorial validity and good discriminant validity, Jackson's (1970) theory of personality scale development would predict that most of the items in each of these scales would have low content saturation. The present study empirically tested this prediction and found strong support for it. Implications of the results were discussed.
Memory Unbound

This article analyzes the distinctive forms that collective memories take in the age of globalization. It studies the transition from national to cosmopolitan memory cultures. Cosmopolitanism refers to a process of `internal globalization' through which global concerns become part of local experiences of an increasing number of people. Global media representations, among others, create new cosmopolitan memories, providing new epistemological vantage points and emerging moral-political interdependencies. The article traces the historical roots of this transformation and outlines the theoretical foundations for the emergence of cosmopolitan memories through an examination of how the Holocaust has been remembered in Germany, Israel and the USA in the course of the last fifty years. It is precisely the abstract nature of `good and evil' that symbolizes the Holocaust, which contributes to the extra-territorial quality of cosmopolitan memory. As such, memories of the Holocaust contribute to the creation of a common European cultural memory.
Age‐associated memory impairment: Diagnostic and treatment issues

There has been an enormous increase in research to identify potential pharmacological treatments for cognitive impairment in elderly people. Currently, well over 150 such compounds are under development by the pharmaceutical industry. However, among those who are potential targets for such treatment are many who suffer from relatively mild disorder, where the distinction from both dementia and ‘normality’ is not clear. These people include those described as suffering from benign senescent forgetfulness and age‐associated memory impairment. This article discusses principles of diagnosis and treatment in this area with particular reference to age‐associated memory impairment. For ethical, practical and economic reasons it is essential that these issues are examined thoroughly before any apparent breakthrough in therapy.
Impact of delay propagation on NTV PCMOS design

While modern energy efficient low voltage designs focus on near-threshold voltage (NTV) operation for general purpose computing and exploiting an application's intrinsic error resilience by deploying probabilistic-CMOS (PCMOS) circuits for application specific computing, our results emphasize the impact of delay on PCMOS bits at NTV and lower voltage operations. This delay is very important to be considered while modeling PCMOS systems, as it propagates and has crucial effects on the most significant bits of the computations.
Energy cost in children assessed by multisensor activity monitors.

PURPOSE The SenseWear Pro2 Armband (SWA; BodyMedia, Inc., Pittsburg, PA), the Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity (IDEEA; Minisun LLC, Fresno, CA), and the ActiReg (AR; PreMed AS, Oslo, Norway) were compared with indirect calorimetry to determine the ability of these devices to assess energy cost in children during resting and different physical activities. METHODS Fourteen children, 11-13 yr old, wore the SWA, the IDEEA, and the AR during resting, sitting, stationary bicycling, jumping on a trampoline, playing basketball, stair walking, and walking/running along a 50-m track. The Oxycon Mobile portable metabolic system (VIASYS Healthcare, Conshohocken, PA) was used as the criterion method for energy cost. RESULTS For resting and sitting, the three activity monitors showed comparable results, but none of them accurately assessed energy cost for stationary bicycling, jumping on a trampoline, or playing basketball. The IDEEA was the only activity monitor that accurately assessed energy cost for stair walking. Also, the IDEEA showed a close estimate of energy cost across the walking and the running intensities, whereas the SWA accurately assessed energy cost for slow to normal walking but showed increased underestimation of energy cost with increasing speed. The AR overestimated energy cost during walking and during slow running but did not respond to increasing running speed. CONCLUSIONS To be able to capture children's physical activity, all three activity monitors need to be further developed. Overall, the IDEEA showed the highest ability to assess energy cost in this study, but SWA may be more feasible for use in children under free-living conditions.