Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Paradox of the Long‐Term Positive Effects of a North American Crayfish on a European Community of Predators

Abstract: Invasions of non‐native species are one of the major causes of losses of native species. In some cases, however, non‐natives may also have positive effects on native species. We investigated the potential facilitative effects of the North American red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) on the community of predators in southwestern Spain. To do so, we examined the diets of predators in the area and their population trends since introduction of the crayfish. Most predator species consumed red swamp crayfish, which sometimes occurred in over 50% of their diet samples. Moreover, the abundance of species preying on crayfish increased significantly in the area as opposed to the abundance of herbivores and to predator populations in other areas of Europe, where those predators are even considered threatened. Thus, we report the first case in which one non‐native species is both beneficial because it provides prey for threatened species and detrimental because it can drive species at lower trophic levels to extinction. Increases in predator numbers that are associated with non‐native species of prey, especially when some of these predators are also invasive non‐natives, may increase levels of predation on other species and produce cascading effects that threaten native biota at longer temporal and larger spatial scales. Future management plans should include the complexity of interactions between invasive non‐natives and the entire native community, the feasibility of successful removal of non‐native species, and the potential social and economic interests in the area.
Does grading affect educational attainment? A longitudinal study

The purpose of the study was to investigate how grading in primary school affected students’ achievement measured by grades in 7th, 8th and 9th Grade and educational attainment in upper secondary school (12th Grade), and how the effect varied as a function of students’ cognitive ability, gender and socio-economic status. The data derived from the Evaluation Through Follow-Up (ETF) longitudinal project containing information on students who received grades in Grade 6 and students who did not. The subjects were 8558 students born in 1967. A quasi-experimental design was applied where multiple growth and logistic models were fitted to data. The result showed a main significant negative effect of grading on subsequent achievement (Grade 7–9) and there were important differential effects: graded low-ability students received lower subsequent grades through Grades 7–9 and had lower odds to finish upper secondary education, compared to ungraded low-ability students. The gender difference seems to increase over time: graded girls achieve higher grades throughout Grades 7–9 and had higher odds to finish upper secondary education, compared to ungraded girls and graded and ungraded boys.
Non-linear internal waves in the Banda Sea on satellite synthetic aperture radar and visible images

Comprehensive study of non-linear internal waves (IWs) in the Banda Sea was carried out. IWs were detected on quick look and full-resolution SAR images acquired by ERS-1, ERS-2, Envisat and ALOS as well as on Terra and Aqua MODIS and Landsat ETM images. IWs were generated by a sill between Alor and Atauro Islands in Ombai Strait connecting the Banda Sea with the Savu Sea. The IWs form packets, propagating northward into the Banda Sea and have the classic appearance of rank ordered non-linear waves that depress the pycnocline. The length of the wave packets reached 100 km and more and packets could consist of 15–20 and more solitons. The maximum wavelength was approximately 12–15 km. The phase speeds of the waves varied from approximately 2.2 m s−1 to 3.1 m s−1 for the leading solitons in the packets. Wave crests in the packets formed semicircles, the length of which exceeded 350 km.
The evaluation of fluorescence changes after application of casein phosphopeptides (CPP) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) on early carious lesions.

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of casein phosphopeptides (CPP) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), as an adjunct to average oral hygiene, on the fluorescence of initial carious fissures and pits in vivo. METHODS For this investigator-blind in vivo study 32 volunteers were recruited. Subjects with premolars and molars showing DIAGNOdent-values between 15 and 20 were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. During a wash-out period of 2 weeks and during the 3-week treatment period all subjects were instructed to use only standard fluoride toothpaste (1450 ppm F- as NaF) and to abstain from any oral hygiene products other than dental tape. During the treatment period, one group additionally applied a CPP-ACP containing cream on the respective fissures for 3 minutes, once per day. At Days 1, 8, 15, and 22, DIAGNOdent measurements and a visual assessment of the fissures were performed by two calibrated independent examiners. RESULTS No significant changes of DIAGNOdent values were found in the control group during the study period. Fissures additionally treated with the CPP-ACP containing cream showed significantly lower laser fluorescence values after Day 15 (P = 0.001) and Day 22 (P < 0.001) compared to the control group. No significant difference in the visual classification between the two groups could be found.
Reading Performance : Evidence From a Twin Study Math Fluency Is Etiologically Distinct From Untimed Math Performance , Decoding Fluency , and Untimed

The authors examined whether math fluency was independent from untimed math and from reading using 314 pairs of school-aged twins drawn from the Western Reserve Reading and Math Projects. Twins were assessed through a 90-min home visit at approximately age 10 and were reassessed in their homes approximately 1 year later. Results suggested that the shared environment and genetics influenced the covariance among math fluency, untimed math measures, and reading measures. However, roughly two thirds of the variance in math fluency was independent from untimed math measures and reading, including reading fluency. The majority of this independent variance was the result of genetic factors that were longitudinally stable across two measurement occasions. These results suggest that math fluency, although related to other math measures, may also be a genetically distinct dimension of mathematics performance.
Gay men in the performing arts: Performing sexualities within ‘gay-friendly’ work contexts

Building on emerging research on ‘gay-friendly’ organizations, this article examines if and how work contexts understood and experienced as ‘gay-friendly’ can be characterized as exhibiting a serious breakdown in heteronormativity. Taking the performing arts as a research setting, one that is often stereotyped as ‘gay-friendly’, and drawing on in-depth interview data with 20 gay male performers in the UK, this article examines how everyday activities and encounters involving drama school educators, casters and peers are shaped by heteronormative standards of gay male sexuality. Adopting a queer theory perspective and connecting with an emergent queer theory literature in organization studies, one concern articulated in this article is that heteronormative constructions of gay male sexualities constrain participants’ access to work; suggesting limits to the abilities and roles gay men possess and are able to play. Another concern is that when gay male sexualities become normalized in performing work contexts, they reinforce organizational heteronormativity and the heterosexual/homosexual binary upon which it relies. This study contributes towards theorizing the heteronormative dynamics of ‘gay-friendly’ places of work, arguing that gay male sexualities are performatively instituted according to localized heteronormativities which reinforce contextually contingent, restrictive heteronormative standards of gay male sexuality which performers are encouraged to embody and perform both professionally and personally.
The clinical role of magnetic resonance in cardiovascular disease. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology, in collaboration with the Association of European Paediatric Cardiologists.

Magnetic resonance is helpful in the diagnosis and assessment of cardiovascular disease. However, there are no published guidelines on the clinical role of the technique, although with the growing interest of clinicians in cardiovascular magnetic resonance their need is now pressing. The board of the European Society of Cardiology has created a Task Force to establish the current clinical role of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in the diagnosis and assessment of diseases of the heart and great vessels. Because magnetic resonance is a multidisciplinary technique, the task force was composed of cardiologists, paediatric cardiologists and radiologists and these guidelines are jointly supported by the European Society of Cardiology and the Association of European Paediatric Cardiology. Task Force recommendations are based on evidence from published literature and from the clinical experience of its members. Whenever there is little published evidence for a recommendation this is indicated, but usually no recommendation is made in this circumstance. To strengthen the clinical value of the guidelines, the role of magnetic resonance is described alongside that of other imaging techniques, with emphasis on the relative role with respect to echocardiography. The rapid development of magnetic resonance means that its indications are expanding. Thus, these guidelines will require updating with time. The value of imaging techniques in individual circumstances is often defined as appropriate, acceptable, rarely justified, and not indicated. Consequently, the classification of the ACC/AHA Task Force on Assessment of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Cardiovascular Procedures has been adapted:
Student voice and the perils of popularity

In this article we suggest that the current popularity of student voice can lead to surface compliance—to a quick response that focuses on ‘how to do it’ rather than a reflective review of ‘why we might want to do it’. We look at the links between student consultation and participation and the legacy of the progressive democratic tradition in our schools and we look also at the difference between teaching about democracy as an investment for the future and enacting democratic principles in the daily life of the school (a commitment to the present). The tension between institutional gains (the school improvement perspective) and personal gains (confidence, a view point and the shaping of identity) is discussed and three of the ‘big issues’ are identified that underlie the credible development of student voice: power relations between teachers and students, the commitment to authenticity, and the principle of inclusiveness. Finally we reflect on some of the organizational implications of developing student voice: finding time and building a whole‐school culture in which student voice has a place.
Workaholism as Discretionary Time Investment at Work: An Experience‐Sampling Study

Adopting an operational definition of workaholism as discretionary investment of considerable time at work, the purpose of the present study was to test hypotheses regarding the cognitive aspect of workaholism, as well as the positive and negative/addictive views of this construct. The study employed an experience-sampling method (ESM), using a sample of 65 full-time employees who completed the ESM forms at four random times during the day for one week. Results indicated that workaholism was associated with continued cognitive engagement with work, accompanied by a preference for work over leisure activity and higher positive affect during work activity than during leisure activity. No significant differences were found between workaholics and non-workaholics with regard to the likelihood of performing work-related activities during leisure activity, or in the levels of physical discomfort and negative affect during the weekend. These results highlight the utility of an operational framework for studying the variety of workaholism correlates. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed. A partir d’une definition operationnelle de l’addiction au travail comme etant un investissement sans controle d’un temps considerable consacre au travail, cette recherche s’est donne comme objectif de mettre a l’epreuve des hypotheses relatives a la dimension cognitive de l’addiction au travail, ainsi que les aspects positifs et negatifs (addictifs) de ce concept. Cette recherche a exploite la methode de l’echantillonnage des experiences (ESM) a partir d’un echantillon compose de 65 salaries a plein-temps qui ont rempli la feuille de recueil des donnees quatre fois par jour au hasard pendant une semaine. Les resultats ont montre que l’addiction au travail etait liee a un engagement cognitif permanent vis-a-vis du travail, associea une plus forte attirance pour le travail que pour les loisirs et a un etat affectif plus fortement positif lors du travail qu’a l’occasion des activites de loisirs. On n’a pas trouve de differences significatives entre les drogues du travail et les autres en ce qui concerne la probabilite de realiser des activites relevant du travail pendant les loisirs, ou dans le niveau d’inconfort physique et le poids des affects negatifs pendant le week-end. Ces resultats montrent l’utilite d’un schema operationnel dans l’etude de la diversite des phenomenes relies a l’addiction au travail. Les implications theoriques et pratiques sont examinees.
Between narration and interaction: Situating first-line supervisor identity work

This article examines how frontline managers establish managerial identities. It combines narrational and Goffmanesque conceptions of managerial identity work in a longitudinal study of one first-line supervisor at a restructured Australian industrial plant. We argue that, singly, neither self-narration nor dramaturgical performance accounts for the practical discursive work that constructs managerial `identity'. We demonstrate that frontline manager identity work is an iterative process in which self-narration and dramaturgical performance are almost seamlessly interwoven. The supervisor uses these different identity work stratagems simultaneously, and they are processually co-dependent. We conclude, therefore, that organizational scholars who study how persons construct managerial identities should take Goffman's dramaturgical perspective more seriously. It is an indispensible complement to the analysis of identity narratives, because successful performances undergird managers' attempts to craft stable narrative identities.
Genetically Altered Fields as Origin of Locally Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer

Purpose: Surgeons treating patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) rely heavily on histology to decide whether the resection margins are tumor free and subsequent adjuvant treatments can be omitted. However, despite the presence of tumor-free margins, 10–30% of HNSCC patients still develop a locally recurrent tumor. Evidence is available that recurrent cancer develops from either (a) outgrowth of a relatively small number of tumor cells that have not been detected by the pathologist or (b) a precursor lesion in which additional genetic alterations have led again to invasive cancer. Experimental Design: In a retrospective study on 13 HNSCC cases, we analyzed the primary tumor, its surrounding histologically tumor-free resection margins, and local recurrences for loss of heterozygosity (22 microsatellite markers on 6 chromosomes) and TP53 mutations to determine the origin of the recurrent cancer. Results: A precursor lesion was absent in 5 of 13 (39%) cases, and the genetic similarity of the primary and recurrent cancer was high, providing evidence that residual cancer cells were the origin of recurrence. For the remaining eight cases (61%) a genetically related precursor lesion (field) was detected, and for five of these cases, evidence was found that both the primary and recurrent carcinoma originated from this field. The remaining three cases were less conclusive. Conclusions: This study explains the pathobiology of locally recurrent HNSCC in patients with histologically tumor-free resection margins and indicates that the development of novel therapies to decrease the local recurrence rates in HNSCC should not only be focused on eradicating residual cancer cells but also on the precursor lesions that are left behind.
A new method for fast image Histogram calculation

Image Histogram is useful in wide range of applications, it shows the image intensity distribution which is used in many image processing techniques. The processing time is very critical in real time applications, so the optimized and robust techniques are preferred. This paper is discussing a simple method for calculating histogram of the image with sampled Histogram which is similar to the histogram of the hall image; moreover the number of calculated pixels and processing time is less than calculating the hall image Histogram. The method used in this approach is by selecting sample pixels form the hall image and then calculating the intensity distribution of the selected pixels. The results of the simulation show same histogram of the reference image and less processing time.
Anti‐U and haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn

The red cell alloantibody, anti‐U, is uncommon but is a recognised cause of haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. We describe six pregnancies complicated by the presence of maternal anti‐U, and review nine other well‐documented cases. In these 15 cases severe haemolytic disease occurred only with titres of ≥ 1/512, and titres as high as 1/4000 were not necessarily associated with significant haemolysis. We recommend that an anti‐U titre of ≥ 1/128 or more at ≥ 17 weeks of gestation is an indication for assessment of haemolysis in the fetus. Amniocentesis is the preferred initial investigation.
The mass profile of early-type galaxies in overdense environments: the case of the double source-plane gravitational lens SL2SJ02176-0513

Context. The Strong Lensing Legacy Survey (SL2S) provides a sample of the strong lensing events associated with massive distant galaxies, some of which lie in the outskirts of galaxy groups and clusters. Aims. We investigate the internal structure of early-type galaxies in overdense environments, where tidal forces are expected to alter dark matter haloes of infalling galaxies. Methods. SL2SJ02176-0513 is a remarkable lens for the presence of two multiply-imaged systems at different redshifts lensed by a foreground massive galaxy at Z_(lens) = 0.656: a bright cusp arc at z_(arc) = 1.847 and an additional double-image system at an estimated redshift of z_(dbl) ~ 2.9 based on photometry and lensing geometry. The system is located about 400 kpc away from the centre of a massive group of galaxies. Mass estimates for the group are available from X-ray observations and satellite kinematics. Multicolour photometry provides an estimate of the stellar mass of the main lens galaxy. The lensing galaxy is modelled with two components (stars and dark matter), and we include the perturbing effect of the group environment and all available constraints. Results. We find that classic lensing degeneracies, e.g. between external convergence and mass density slope, are significantly reduced with respect to standard systems and infer tight constraints on the mass density profile: (i) the dark matter content of the main lens galaxy is in line with that of typical galaxies f_(dm)(<R_c) = 0.41^(+0.09)_(-0.06); (ii) the required mass associated with the dark matter halo of the nearby group is consistent with X-ray ; (σ_(grp) = 550^(130)_(-240);(iii) accounting for the group contribution in the form of an external convergence, the slope of the mass density profile of the main lens galaxy alone is found to be α = -1.03^(+0.22)_(-0.16), consistent with the isothermal (α = -1) slope. Conclusions. We demonstrate that multiple source plane systems together with good ancillary dataset can be used to disentangle local and environmental effects.
Novel Organic Hydroperoxide-Sensing and Responding Mechanisms for OhrR, a Major Bacterial Sensor and Regulator of Organic Hydroperoxide Stress

ABSTRACT Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli OhrR belongs to a major family of multiple-cysteine-containing bacterial organic hydroperoxide sensors and transcription repressors. Site-directed mutagenesis and subsequent in vivo functional analyses revealed that changing any cysteine residue to serine did not alter the ability of OhrR to bind to the P1 ohrR-ohr promoter but drastically affected the organic hydroperoxide-sensing and response mechanisms of the protein. Xanthomonas OhrR requires two cysteine residues, C22 and C127, to sense and respond to organic hydroperoxides. Analysis of the free thiol groups in wild-type and mutant OhrRs under reducing and oxidizing conditions indicates that C22 is the organic hydroperoxide-sensing residue. Exposure to organic hydroperoxides led to the formation of an unstable OhrR-C22 sulfenic acid intermediate that could be trapped by 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole and detected by UV-visible spectral analysis in an oxidized C127S-C131S mutant OhrR. In wild-type OhrR, the cysteine sulfenic acid intermediate rapidly reacts with the thiol group of C127, forming a disulfide bond. The high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of tryptic fragments of alkylated, oxidized OhrR and nonreducing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses confirmed the formation of reversible intersubunit disulfide bonds between C22 and C127. Oxidation of OhrR led to cross-linking of two OhrR monomers, resulting in the inactivation of its repressor function. Evidence presented here provides insight into a new organic hydroperoxide-sensing and response mechanism for OhrRs of the multiple-cysteine family, the primary bacterial transcription regulator of the organic hydroperoxide stress response.
The Impact of Topic Characteristics and Threat on Willingness to Engage with Wikipedia Articles: Insights from Laboratory Experiments

A growing body of research aims to identify the factors that motivate people to make contributions in Wikipedia. We conducted two laboratory experiments to investigate the connections between topic characteristics, perception of threat, and willingness to engage with Wikipedia articles. In Study 1 (N = 83), we examined how topic familiarity, topic controversiality, and mortality salience influenced participants’ willingness to engage with Wikipedia articles. We presented the introduction parts of 20 Wikipedia articles and asked participants to rate each article with respect to familiarity and controversiality. In addition, we experimentally manipulated participants’ level of mortality salience in terms of the amount of threat they experienced when reading the article. Participants also indicated their willingness to engage with a particular article. The results revealed that familiar and controversial topics increased the willingness to engage with Wikipedia articles. Although mortality salience increased accessibility of death-related thoughts, it did not result in any changes in people’s willingness to work with the articles. The aim of Study 2 (N = 90) was to replicate the effects of topic characteristics by following a similar procedure. We additionally manipulated uncertainty salience by assigning participants to three experimental conditions: uncertainty salience, certainty salience, and non-salience. As expected, familiar and controversial topics were of high interest in terms of willingness to contribute. However, the manipulation of uncertainty salience did not yield any significant results despite the emergence of negative emotional states. In sum, we demonstrated that topic characteristics were factors that substantially influenced people’s willingness to engage with Wikipedia articles whereas perceived threat was not.