Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Avoiding Anxiety, Being in Denial or Simply Stroking Self-Esteem: Why Self-Positivity?

This article studies the presence, resilience, and direction of the self-positivity bias under various conditions to examine the role of self-esteem maintenance as an important antecedent for the bias. Experiment 1 manipulates the perceptions of the uncontrollability of cancer and presence of base-rate information as independent variables that together eliminate the self-positivity bias in perceptions of the risk of cancer. Experiment 2 shows the same effects using 4 life events that differ in terms of valence and perceived controllability; that is, base-rate information affects self-estimates for uncontrollable life events, reducing the self-positivity bias, but does not affect self-estimates for controllable events. Experiment 3 shows that these effects only apply to optimistic individuals who fail to incorporate base-rate information into their self-perceptions for controllable events. In contrast, pessimists use base rates to update their self-estimates irrespective of the controllability of the event. Overall, the pattern suggests that self-positivity is attenuated in conditions that implicate self-esteem. Implications for health care marketing are discussed.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA PADA MATERI PERSAMAAN KUADRAT DENGAN METODE BELAJAR AKTIF TIPE QUIZ TEAM DI KELAS IX SMPN 24 KOTA JAMBI

ABSTRAK Keterlibatan siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika di kelas IX SMPN 24 Kota Jambi sangatlah kurang, hal ini disebabkan karena materi pembelajaran matematika masih di dominan menggunakan metode yang konvensional sehingga rata-rata hasil belajar siswa masih rendah yaitu 50. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan diatas, maka pembelajaran menggunakan metode belajar aktif tipe quiz team merupakan salah satu alternatif yang dapat dilaksanakan dengan dengan tujuan meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa di kelas IX SMPN 24 Kota Jambi pada materi persamaan kuadrat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah hasil belajar matematika siswa dapat meningkat dengan menggunakan metode belajar aktif tipe Quiz Team pada materi Persamaan Kuadrat. Hipotesis yang dikemukakan adalah hasil belajar matematika siswa pada materi Persamaan Kuadrat meningkat dengan menggunakan metode belajar aktif tipe Quiz Team. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) sebagai upaya meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa pada materi persamaan kuadrat, dengan menggunakan metode belajar aktif tipe quiz team yang dilaksanakan dalam beberapa siklus. Setiap siklus melalui tahap perencanaan,pelaksanaaan tindakan,observasi, dan refleksi. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan ulangan atau evaluasi dalam postest serta dilengkapi dengan lembar pengamatan terhadap siswa dan guru melalui lembar observasi. Berdasarkan pengolahan data terjadi peningkatan nilai rata-rata dari 23 siswa sebelum melaksanakan tindakan sebesar 5,9 pada siklus I menjadi 7,4 pada siklus III. Sedangkan prosentase ketuntasan klasikalnya meningkat dari 65,2% pada siklus I menjadi 86,95% pada siklus III. Dengan demikian penggunaan metode belajar aktif tipe quiz team dalam pembelajaran matematika mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa. Kata Kunci : H asil belajar, M etode B elajar A ktif T ipe Q uiz T eam .
MicroRNA-495 Inhibits New Bone Regeneration via Targeting High Mobility Group AT-Hook 2 (HMGA2)

Background MicroRNAs play critical roles in post-translational gene expression. In this study, we explored the role of miR-495 in new bone regeneration. Material/Methods Murine calvarial osteoblasts were isolated and cultured. Microarray was performed to identify differential miRNAs in medicarpin-induced osteoblasts differentiation. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to identify the target gene of miRNA. Murine osteoblast cells were transfected with miC, miR-495, or anti-miR-495. CCK-8 and flow cytometry were performed to detect osteoblasts proliferation and apoptosis. Western blot was used to analyze apoptosis-related proteins. qRT-PCR analysis was performed to detect gene expression. ALP activity and mineralized nodule formation test were used to evaluate bone formation. Dill-hole injury model was constructed and micro CT was utilized to measuring bone healing. Results Microarray analysis identified miR-495 as our miRNA of interest and luciferase reporter assay identified HMGA2 as its target gene. Over-expression of miR-495 significantly inhibited ALP activity and mineralized nodule formation as well as the expression of RUNX-2, BMP-2, and Osterix. Also, miR-495 over-expression inhibited osteoblasts proliferation and promoted apoptosis obviously. In this in vivo study, the downregulation of miR-495 promoted murine femur healing. Conclusions MiR-495 inhibits new bone regeneration via targeting high mobility group AT-Hook 2 (HMGA2). We propose that targeting miR-495 may be a promising therapeutic approach for bone regeneration.
Estimation of the Number of Compartments Associated With the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in MRI: The Theoretical and Experimental Investigations.

OBJECTIVE The goal of the present study was to estimate the number of compartments and the mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value with the use of the DWI signal curve. MATERIALS AND METHODS A useful new mathematic model that includes internal correlation among subcompartments with a distinct number of compartments was proposed. The DWI signal was simulated to estimate the approximate association between the number of subcompartments and the molecular density, with density corresponding to the ratio of the ADC values of the compartments, as determined using the Monte Carlo method. RESULTS Various factors, such as energy depletion, temperature, intracellular water accumulation, changes in the tortuosity of the extracellular diffusion paths, and changes in cell membrane permeability, have all been implicated as factors contributing to changes in the ADC of water (ADCw); therefore, one may consider them as pseudocompartments in the new model proposed in this study. The lower the coefficient is, the lower the contribution of the compartment to the net signal will be. The results of the simulation indicate that when the number of compartments increases, the signal will become significantly lower, because the gradient factor (i.e., the b value) will increase. In other words, the signal curve is approximately linear at all b values when the number of compartments in which the tissues have been severely damaged is low; however, when the number of compartments is high, the curve will become constant at high b values, and the perfusion parameters will prevail on the diffusion parameters at low b values. Therefore, normal tissues will be investigated when the number of compartments and the ADC values are high and the b values are low, whereas damaged tissues will be evaluated when the number of compartments and the ADC values are low and the b values are high. CONCLUSION The present study investigates damaged tissues at high b values for which the effect of eddy currents will also be compensated. These b values will probably be used in functional MRI.
A (very) Brief Refresher on the Case Study Method

The case study method embraces the full set of procedures needed to do case study research. These tasks include designing a case study, collecting the study's data, analyzing the data, and presenting and reporting the results. (None of the tasks, nor the rest of this book, deals with the development of teaching case studies—frequently also referred to as the " case study method " —the pedagogical goals of which may differ entirely from doing research studies.) The present chapter introduces and describes these procedures, but only in the most modest manner. The chapter's goal is to serve as a brief refresher to the case study method. As a refresher, the chapter does not fully cover all the options or nuances that you might encounter when customizing your own case study (refer to Yin, 2009a, to obtain a full rendition of the entire method). Besides discussing case study design, data collection, and analysis, the refresher addresses several key features of case study research. First, an abbreviated definition of a " case study " will help identify the circumstances when you might choose to use the case study method instead of (or as a complement to) some other research method. Second, other features cover the choices you are likely to encounter in doing your own case study. Thus, the refresher discusses the • definition of the " case " in case study research, • benefits of developing a theoretical perspective in conjunction with your design and analysis tasks, • importance of triangulating among data sources, • desired vigor in entertaining rival explanations during data collection, and • challenge of generalizing from case studies.
Social role theory as a means of differentiating between first -generation and nonfirst -generation college students

Statistics published in 2003 indicate that over 67% of community college students are first-generation students, students from families where neither parent has graduated from college. First-generation students are disproportionately represented among those who terminate college prior to graduation. This study explores role theory as a model for understanding and addressing the problems of first-generation students. Survey questions linked to role commitment involving intentions to work, commute and participate in campus activities were administered to 257 first-time fulltime students: 182 students were first-generation and 75 were nonfirst-generation. Analysis using the Mann-Whitney U Test indicated first-generation students had significantly less commitment to the role of student. Later, first-generation students were divided into “successful” and “unsuccessful” groups based on their two semester grade point average. The Mann-Whitney U Test failed to demonstrate a significant difference between “successful” and “unsuccessful” first-generation students. The ordinal score responses of first-generation students to the three survey questions were then used as categories and grade point averages of the students in those categories were compared using ANOVA procedures. The results were mixed but suggested further investigation was warranted. The study was concluded with interviews of ten “successful” first-generation students. The interview results were supportive of conclusions drawn from role theory underscoring the value of further studies with larger sample sizes and modifications in methodology suggested by this study. SOCIAL ROLE THEORY AS A MEANS OF DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN FIRST-GENERATION AND NONFIRST-GENERATION COLLEGE STUDENTS
Ethics culture and ethics climate in relation to employee engagement in a developing country setting

The study investigated the relationship between employees’ perceived workplace ethics culture and climate variables and their level of engagement. A non-probability sample (N = 839; females = 32%) was permanently employed in a railway organisation in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The research constructs were measured using the Corporate Ethical Virtues (CEV) Scale, Ethical Climate Questionnaire (ECQ), and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). A canonical analysis indicated that the participants’ perceived workplace ethics culture and workplace ethics climate were significantly and positively related to their level of engagement. Structural equation modelling indicated a moderate fit between the workplace ethics culture, workplace ethics climate and employee engagement canonical variate constructs. The findings provide evidence that individual's perception of work ethics culture and work ethics climate explain their level of work engagement.
Overview of Merkel cell carcinoma and recent advances in research

Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin with an aggressive biological behavior and poor prognosis. It was first described in 1972 by Toker 1 as a carcinoma originating in the sweat glands. Six years later, Tang and Toker 2 detected electron-dense neurosecretory granules in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells, thus identifying this tumor as a neuroendocrine carcinoma. This finding was substantiated by the detection of neuropeptide production by the tumor, including production of calcitonin, corticotropin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, met-enkephalin, somatostatin and gastrin. 3–7 Several names have been used in the past to describe this tumor, such as “primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin”, “endocrine carcinoma of the skin”, and “cutaneous APUDoma”, reflecting the neuroendocrine origin of the cells. The terms “primary small-cell carcinoma of the skin” and “extrapulmonary carcinoma of the skin” reflect its resemblance to small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), whereas “undifferentiated or anaplastic carcinoma of the skin” and “trabecular carcinoma” reflect some of its histologic features. The designation “Merkel cell tumor” or “Merkel cell carcinoma” (MCC) has been used because of the presumed origin of the tumor from Merkel cells of the skin. Merkel cells were first described in 1875 by Friedrich Merkel 8 as “Tastzellen”. They are neuroendocrine cells of the epidermis, hair follicles and mucosa with epithelial characteristics. Their density has been estimated at 5–100 cells /mm 2 in the basal cell layer, where they are present as single cells or as aggregates. Their presumed function, in combination with existing nerve endings, is that of a slowly adapting mechanoreceptor. The origin of MCC from Merkel cells has been questioned for two main reasons: (a) normal Merkel cells are located in the epidermis, whereas MCC is a tumor growing in the dermis, and (b) normal Merkel cells do not express neurofilaments, which are variably found in MCC. However, both of these arguments have been recently rebutted. First, intraepithelial development of MCC has recently been described with no dermal component, 9,10 while several cases with intraepidermal spread and dermal tumor have been reported. 11,12
Changing Leadership and Gender in Public Sector Organizations

The aim of this paper is to examine the ways in which leadership at middle management level in the public realm is gendered. This is attempted largely through a consideration of academic literature, supported by some empirical findings from a research investigation into higher education and social work in Sweden and England and a review of literature that reveals varying types of leadership characterized as masculinist. Taking the position that context shapes social relationships and subject positions, and provides opportunities as well as constraints, we consider leadership in the public sector under the sway of new public management, framed by neo‐liberalism and the valorization of competition, self‐interested instrumentality, uncertainty and risk, operationalized in public sector organizations through performative regimes. It is argued that while some women and men are willing participants in the new regimes, others are antagonistic or ambivalent, finding themselves mired in neo‐bureaucratic processes of surveillance and control, often stuck in occupational cul‐de‐sacs. It is contended that neo‐liberalism and new public management are associated with masculinist forms of rationality that elevate individual winners and losers and divert attention from collective issues of gender. Rather than focus on gendered styles of leadership it is suggested that it is more important to look at their gendered performance and effects.
Sjögren's syndrome sufferers have increased oral yeast levels despite regular dental care.

AIM To investigate the prevalence and quantity of oral yeasts and their association with oral candidiasis in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients receiving regular dental care. MATERIALS AND METHODS Yeasts in oral rinse and full-mouth supra-gingival plaque samples from 25 primary SS, 27 secondary SS and 29 control subjects were selectively cultured. All yeasts except single-species isolates were genotyped using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). RESULTS Ten (19%) SS sufferers had symptomless candidiasis. SS subjects had a higher prevalence (73%vs 7%) and quantity of yeasts than controls in both oral rinse and plaque samples (P < 0.05). The prevalence of yeasts in plaque was associated with candidiasis regardless of denture wearing (P < or = 0.04). Candida albicans was the predominant yeast isolated. PFGE showed 20 (66% of total) C. albicans isolate pairs, i.e. C. albicans species isolated from plaque and oral rinse samples of the same individual, were of closely related genetic clonal types (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Despite effective oral hygiene, more SS subjects than controls had detectable levels of oral yeasts and their presence in supra-gingival plaque was associated with candidiasis. Candida albicans colonized supra-gingival biofilm even in well-maintained SS individuals, posing a challenge to the control of oral candidiasis.
Optimization of dental implant treatment

Aim ― Modern dentistry cannot exist without dental implantation. The lifetime of the installed implants depends on condition of the bone and on the quality of the treatment planning and surgery technique. Usually, complications during the implant treatment are related to the inability to accurately predict the condition and location of intraosseous structure that entails the selection of the wrong type of implant and installation position. Methods ― This work is devoted to the "bone-implant" system investigation aiming on the optimization of dental prostheses installation. The objective of this study was to develop the implant treatment planning technique. Modern non-invasive methods such as computer tomography (CT) and 3D-scanning as well as numerical calculations and 3D-prototyping allow optimizing all of dental prosthetics stages. Results ― In this work, complex methodology of dental prosthesis installation is presented. Patient-specific dental templates developed in this work are easy to create and very accurate. Conclusion ― CT processing method, numerical modeling and 3D prototyping techniques allowed us to develop a methodology of dental prosthesis installation. An integrated approach to the planning of implant surgery can significantly reduce the risk of complications in the first few days after treatment, and throughout the period of operation of the prosthesis.
Apportionment of global human genetic diversity based on craniometrics and skin color.

A number of analyses of classical genetic markers and DNA polymorphisms have shown that the majority of human genetic diversity exists within local populations (approximately 85%), with much less among local populations (approximately 5%) or between major geographic regions or "races" (approximately 10%). Previous analysis of craniometric variation (Relethford [1994] Am J Phys Anthropol 95:53-62) found that between 11-14% of global diversity exists among geographic regions, with the remaining diversity existing within regions. The methods used in this earlier paper are extended to a hierarchical partitioning of genetic diversity in quantitative traits, allowing for assessment of diversity among regions, among local populations within regions, and within local populations. These methods are applied to global data on craniometric variation (57 traits) and skin color. Multivariate analysis of craniometric variation shows results similar to those obtained from genetic markers and DNA polymorphisms: roughly 13% of the total diversity is among regions, 6% among local populations within regions, and 81% within local populations. This distribution is concordant with neutral genetic markers. Skin color shows the opposite pattern, with 88% of total variation among regions, 3% among local populations within regions, and 9% within local populations, a pattern shaped by natural selection. The apportionment of genetic diversity in skin color is atypical, and cannot be used for purposes of classification. If racial groups are based on skin color, it appears unlikely that other genetic and quantitative traits will show the same patterns of variation.
The social psychology of consumer behaviour

Series editor's foreword - List of tables and figures - Acknowledgements - Introduction: overview of consumer behaviour - Attitudes: content, structure, processes - Consumers are emotional, too - From cognitive processes, attitudes, and emotions to action - Attitude change: the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion - Cognitive processes - Glossary - References - Index.
Desert or rain

Purpose – Given the observable increase in images of nature in advertising on a global scale, this study aims to ask whether such creative strategies should adapt imagery to the natural environment of the target audiences or could it be standardised globally.Design/methodology/approach – Two samples of respondents living in different geographic locations with contrasted climates and natural environments were exposed to a set of experimental green advertisements visually featuring different categories of natural scenery and one urban landscape. Attitude towards each advertisement and emotional responses evoked by it were measured and compared across the range of stimuli and the two samples.Findings – Results did not support either the hypothesis that individuals prefer advertisements showing the natural habitat in which they had grown up or the hypothesized universal preference for advertising imagery displaying savannah type landscapes. However, the observed preferences across both samples for advertiseme.
Distribution of Two Subgroups of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) in Endemic Japan

Endemic areas of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) have been reported in Japan as well as tropical Africa, Central and South America and Melanesia. The existence of two subgroups, i.e., the transcontinental and Japanese subgroups, was reported in Japan. In the present study, we provide data on the ratio of the two subgroups in each endemic area and infection foci and examine the distribution of HTLV-1 in Japan and neighboring areas. A 657 bp fragment of env region of HTLV-1 proviral genome was successfully amplified for 183 HTLV-1 positive DNA samples. The subgroup determination was done by RFLP reactions using endonucleases HpaI and HinfI. The northern part of mainland Kyushu, represented by Hirado and Kumamoto, was monopolized by the Japanese subgroup, while the transcontinental subgroup ranged from 20 to 35% in the Pacific coast areas of Shikoku (Kochi), the Ryukyu Archipelago (Kakeroma and Okinawa) and Taiwan. An interesting finding in the present study is the presence of the transcontinental subgroup in Kochi, suggesting the endemicity of the transcontinental subgroup along the Kuroshio Current.