Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Citizen-Centric Urban Planning through Extracting Emotion Information from Twitter in an Interdisciplinary Space-Time-Linguistics Algorithm

Traditional urban planning processes typically happen in offices and behind desks. Modern types of civic participation can enhance those processes by acquiring citizens’ ideas and feedback in participatory sensing approaches like “People as Sensors”. As such, citizen-centric planning can be achieved by analysing Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) data such as Twitter tweets and posts from other social media channels. These user-generated data comprise several information dimensions, such as spatial and temporal information, and textual content. However, in previous research, these dimensions were generally examined separately in single-disciplinary approaches, which does not allow for holistic conclusions in urban planning. This paper introduces TwEmLab, an interdisciplinary approach towards extracting citizens’ emotions in different locations within a city. More concretely, we analyse tweets in three dimensions (space, time, and linguistics), based on similarities between each pair of tweets as defined by a specific set of functional relationships in each dimension. We use a graph-based semi-supervised learning algorithm to classify the data into discrete emotions (happiness, sadness, fear, anger/disgust, none). Our proposed solution allows tweets to be classified into emotion classes in a multi-parametric approach. Additionally, we created a manually annotated gold standard that can be used to evaluate TwEmLab’s performance. Our experimental results show that we are able to identify tweets carrying emotions and that our approach bears extensive potential to reveal new insights into citizens’ perceptions of the city.
Compared with what? An analysis of control-group types in Cochrane and Campbell reviews of psychosocial treatment efficacy with substance use disorders

Abstract Background and Aims A crucial, but under-appreciated, aspect in experimental research on psychosocial treatments of substance use disorders concerns what kinds of control groups are used. This paper examines how the distinction between different control-group designs have been handled by the Cochrane and the Campbell Collaborations in their systematic reviews of psychosocial treatments of substance abuse disorders. Methods We assessed Cochrane and Campbell reviews (n = 8) that were devoted to psychosocial treatments of substance use disorders. We noted what control groups were considered and analysed the extent to which the reviews provided a rationale for chosen comparison conditions. We also analysed whether type of control group in the primary studies influenced how the reviews framed the effects discussed and whether this was related to conclusions drawn. Results The reviews covered studies involving widely different control conditions. Overall, little attention was paid to the use of different control groups (e.g. head-to-head comparisons versus untreated controls) and what this implies when interpreting effect sizes. Seven of eight reviews did not provide a rationale for the choice of comparison conditions. Conclusions Cochrane and Campbell reviews of the efficacy of psychosocial interventions with substance use disorders seem to underappreciate that the use of different control-group types yields different effect estimates. Most reviews have not distinguished between different control-group designs and therefore have provided a confused picture regarding absolute and relative treatment efficacy. A systematic approach to treating different control-group designs in research reviews is necessary for meaningful estimates of treatment efficacy.
Social Origins of Institutional Strength

ABSTRACT: Much has been written in the social sciences about why and how institutions come about and gradually change. Less attention, however, has been paid to the questions of why and how institutions strengthen. Prior consultation, when applied in the hydrocarbons sectors, is an institution that articulates the conflicting interests of states, extractive corporations, and indigenous communities. As such, it is a hard test for institutional strengthening. In this chapter, building upon the editors’ understanding of weak institutions, I propose a conceptualization of institutional strength based on social actors’ compliance (rooted in the legitimacy and efficacy of the institution) and on state’s enforcement. I trace these dimensions in the institutionalization of prior consultation in Bolivia since that country’s ratification of the International Labor Organization Convention 169 in 1991 until the present. I argue that prior consultation was adopted due to mobilization and political pressure from indigenous groups. However, the institution remained weak, a window dressing institution. Only when the indigenous movement was politically incorporated, they could activate the institution through their participation in the processes of regulation and implementation. Only then, prior consultation in hydrocarbons was systematically complied with and enforced. This chapter will show that the political incorporation of the mobilized groups who are behind institutional creation leads to institutional strengthening.
Antimicrobial properties of ZnO nanoparticles incorporated in polyurethane varnish

The antimicrobial effect of the ZnO nanoparticles dispersed in polyurethane varnishes was investigated. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against three bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and one strain fungi (Sacharomyces cerevisiae) by the “pour-plate” test. It was shown that the ZnO nanoparticles efficiently inhibit growth of the colonies of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but their activity against Escherichia coli was found to be questionable suggesting more detailed research.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide regulates excessive alcohol consumption

Alcoholism results from an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. However, the neurobiological mechanisms mediating the propensity to consume excessive amounts of alcohol are still not well understood. Using genetically selected alcohol-preferring rats, a well-established animal model of alcoholism, we demonstrate that central administration of a peptide antagonist for the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor 1 (PAC1), the cognate receptor for the neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), blocks excessive alcohol drinking as well as motivation to drink. On the other hand, the PAC1 antagonist does not significantly affect water intake, saccharin intake, or responding for ethanol in non-selected outbred Wistar rats. In addition, the antagonist significantly reduced responding maintained by alcohol-associated incentive stimuli (alcohol seeking behavior). Using immunohistochemistry, a significant reduction in the number of PAC1 positive cells was observed selectively in the Nucleus Accumbens (NAcc) Core of alcohol-preferring compared to Wistar rats. Proving the functional relevance of these changes, excessive drinking in alcohol-preferring rats was markedly
A Novel CaM Kinase II Pathway Controls the Location of Neuropeptide Release from Caenorhabditis elegans Motor Neurons

Neurons release neuropeptides via the regulated exocytosis of dense core vesicles (DCVs) to evoke or modulate behaviors. We found that Caenorhabditis elegans motor neurons send most of their DCVs to axons, leaving very few in the cell somas. How neurons maintain this skewed distribution and the extent to which it can be altered to control DCV numbers in axons or to drive release from somas for different behavioral impacts is unknown. Using a forward genetic screen, we identified loss-of-function mutations in UNC-43 (CaM kinase II) that reduce axonal DCV levels by ∼90% and cell soma/dendrite DCV levels by ∼80%, leaving small synaptic vesicles largely unaffected. Blocking regulated secretion in unc-43 mutants restored near wild-type axonal levels of DCVs. Time-lapse video microscopy showed no role for CaM kinase II in the transport of DCVs from cell somas to axons. In vivo secretion assays revealed that much of the missing neuropeptide in unc-43 mutants is secreted via a regulated secretory pathway requiring UNC-31 (CAPS) and UNC-18 (nSec1). DCV cargo levels in unc-43 mutants are similarly low in cell somas and the axon initial segment, indicating that the secretion occurs prior to axonal transport. Genetic pathway analysis suggests that abnormal neuropeptide function contributes to the sluggish basal locomotion rate of unc-43 mutants. These results reveal a novel pathway controlling the location of DCV exocytosis and describe a major new function for CaM kinase II.
A Comparison of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation and Conventional Mechanical Ventilation in Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure

Background and Methods The role of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation delivered through a face mask in patients with acute respiratory failure is uncertain. We conducted a prospective, randomized trial of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation as compared with endotracheal intubation with conventional mechanical ventilation in 64 patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure who required mechanical ventilation. Results Within the first hour of ventilation, 20 of 32 patients (62 percent) in the noninvasive-ventilation group and 15 of 32 (47 percent) in the conventional-ventilation group had an improved ratio of the partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2:FiO2) (P=0.21). Ten patients in the noninvasive-ventilation group subsequently required endotracheal intubation. Seventeen patients in the conventional-ventilation group (53 percent) and 23 in the noninvasive-ventilation group (72 percent) survived their stay in the intensive care unit (odds ratio, 0.4; 95.
otational motions in homogeneous anisotropic elastic media guyen

Rotational motions in homogeneous anisotropic elastic media are studied under the assumption of plane wave propagation. The main goal is to investigate the influences of anisotropy in the behavior of the rotational wavefield. The focus is on P-waves that theoretically do not generate rotational motion in isotropic media. By using the Kelvin–Christoffel equation, expressions are obtained of the rotational motions of body waves as a function of the propagation direction and the coefficients of the elastic modulus matrix. As a result, the amplitudes of the rotation rates and their radiation patterns are quantified and it is concluded that 1 for strong local earthquakes and typical reservoir situations quasi P-rotation rates induced by anisotropy are significant, recordable, and can be used for inverse problems; and 2 for teleseismic wavefields, anisotropic effects are unlikely to be responsible for the observed rotational energy in the P coda.
Evaluation Of Jatropha Curcas Lam. Extracts In The Control Of Some Field Insect Pests Of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L. Walp).

This study was conducted at the Department of Crop Science and Technology Research farm, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, during 2010 cropping season. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design. The plant extracts were tested at four rates (0.00, 1.00, 2.00 and 3.00 ml/ plot), and Pirimiphos-methyl (Actellic 25 E. C) at the rates of 1.25, 2.50 and 3.75 ml/ plot. The plant extracts were mixed with 300 ml of water, and Actellic 25 E. C was mixed with 1 litre of water. Result of the experiment indicated that J. curcas seed oil together with Actellic 25 . E. C. reduced the number of tested insect pests (Aphids crassivora, Maruca testulalis and Megalurothrips sjostedti). Number of pods produced were increased significantly together with total grain yield/ plot compared with the untreated plots. Result on germination test showed that the treatment materials had no significant effect on the viability of cowpea seeds after three months of storage. Generally, the results indicated that the seed oil of Jatropha curcas gave significant protection of cowpea seeds against field insect pests of cowpea. They also increased pod number and total grain yield more than the root extracts.
A Comparison of Stochastic Default Rate Models

For single horizon models of defaults in a portfolio, the effect of model and distribution choice on the model results is well understood. Collateralized Debt Obligations in particular have sparked interest in default models over multiple horizons. For these, however, there has been little research, and there is little understanding of the impact of various model assumptions. In this article, we investigate four approaches to multiple horizon modeling of defaults in a portfolio. We calibrate the four models to the same set of input data (average defaults and a single period correlation parameter), and examine the resulting default distributions. The differences we observe can be attributed to the model structures, and to some extent, to the choice of distributions that drive the models. Our results show a significant disparity. In the single period case, studies have concluded that when calibrated to the same first and second order information, the various models do not produce vastly different conclusions. Here, the issue of model choice is much more important, and any analysis of structures over multiple horizons should bear this in mind.
Animals alter precipitation legacies: Trophic and ecosystem engineering effects on plant community temporal dynamics

Multiyear precipitation “legacies” can have stronger effects on plant community composition than rainfall in the current growing season, but variation in the magnitude of these effects is not fully understood. Direct interactions between plants and animals, such as herbivory, and indirect interactions, such as ecosystem engineering (via changes in the physical environment), may influence precipitation legacies by altering mechanisms of lagged effects. However, the role of direct and indirect plant–animal interactions in determining the strength of precipitation legacies remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigated effects of current growing season rainfall and precipitation legacies on grassland composition, and the influence of herbivory and ecosystem engineering interactions on these temporal dynamics. From 2009 to 2014, a period spanning high and low rainfall, we recorded plant cover in kangaroo rat exclosures and paired control plots that included both burrow and inter‐burrow areas. We used linear mixed effects modelling and analysis of community dissimilarities to evaluate plant composition responses to current and previous growing season rainfall and kangaroo rat herbivory (presence of seed foraging) and ecosystem engineering (burrowing). We found that community composition was more strongly affected by precipitation legacies than by current growing season rainfall. Greater precipitation in the previous growing season enhanced grass cover and reduced forb and legume cover. Kangaroo rat trophic and engineering interactions had counteracting effects on these legacies. While burrowing increased grass cover and thereby amplified the effects of previous growing season rainfall on community composition, legacies were suppressed by the presence of kangaroo rat foraging, which decreased grass cover. Further analysis revealed that kangaroo rat foraging and burrowing had conflicting effects on residual plant biomass prior to the growing season, suggesting that precipitation legacies were influenced by altered litter dynamics. Synthesis. Our study demonstrates that animals can impact the strength of precipitation legacies through direct and indirect interactions with the plant species that drive lag effects. The influence of multiple types of plant–animal interactions on precipitation legacies may be important to consider for ecosystem management and when generating predictions of community composition and productivity in future ecosystems.
PENGARUH PENALARAN ETIS, ORIENTASI ETIS, LOCUS OF CONTROL, GENDER DAN UMUR TERHADAP SENSITIVITAS ETIS MAHASISWA AKUNTANSI

This research aimed to analyze and provide empirical evidence about the effect of ethical reasoning, ethical orientation,locus of control, gender and age on accounting student”s ethical sensitivity. The hypothesis (1) There are positive effects of ethical reasoning on ethical sensitivity. 2) There are positive effects of idealism on ethical sensitivity. 3) There are negative effects of ethical relativism on ethical sensitivity. 4) There are effects of ethical locus of control on ethical sensitivity. 5) There are effects of gender on ethical sensitivity. 6) There are effects of age on ethical sensitivity. The population of this study were accounting students of Economic and Business Diponegoro.The sampling method research using purvosive sampling amount 100 students and only 99 quessionare can be used.The analysis method of this research multiple regression to examine the hypothesis. The results are (1) The first hypothesis is rejected because there is no significant influence of ethical reasoning on ethical sensitivity. (2) The second hypothesis is acceptted because there is positive influence of idealism on ethical sensitivity. (3) The third hypothesis is accepted because there is negative influence of ethical reasoning on ethical sensitivity. (4) The fourth hypothesis is rejected because there is no significant influence of locus of control on ethical sensitivity. (5) The fifth hypothesis is accepted because there is influence of gender on ethical sensitivity. (6) The sixth hypothesis is accepted because there is influence of ethical age on ethical sensitivity.
High-redshift galaxies, their active nuclei and central black holes

We demonstrate that the luminosity function of the recently detected population of actively star-forming galaxies at redshift z = 3 and the B-band luminosity function of quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) at the same redshift can both be matched with the mass function of dark matter haloes predicted by standard variants of hierarchical cosmogonies for lifetimes of optically bright QSOs anywhere in the range 106 to 108 yr. There is a strong correlation between the lifetime and the required degree of non-linearity in the relation between black hole and halo mass. We suggest that the mass of supermassive black holes may be limited by the back-reaction of the emitted energy on the accretion flow in a self-gravitating disc. This would imply a relation of black hole to halo mass of the form Mbh ∝ v5halo ∝ M5/3halo and a typical duration of the optically bright QSO phase of a few times 107 yr. The high integrated mass density of black holes inferred from recent black hole mass estimates in nearby galaxies may indicate that the overall efficiency of supermassive black holes for producing blue light is smaller than previously assumed. We discuss three possible accretion modes with low optical emission efficiency: (i) accretion at far above the Eddington rate, (ii) accretion obscured by dust, and (iii) accretion below the critical rate leading to an advection-dominated accretion flow lasting for a Hubble time. We further argue that accretion with low optical efficiency might be closely related to the origin of the hard X-ray background and that the ionizing background might be progressively dominated by stars rather than QSOs at higher redshift.
Neural versus Phrase-Based Machine Translation Quality: a Case Study

Within the field of Statistical Machine Translation (SMT), the neural approach (NMT) has recently emerged as the first technology able to challenge the long-standing dominance of phrase-based approaches (PBMT). In particular, at the IWSLT 2015 evaluation campaign, NMT outperformed well established state-of-the-art PBMT systems on English-German, a language pair known to be particularly hard because of morphology and syntactic differences. To understand in what respects NMT provides better translation quality than PBMT, we perform a detailed analysis of neural versus phrase-based SMT outputs, leveraging high quality post-edits performed by professional translators on the IWSLT data. For the first time, our analysis provides useful insights on what linguistic phenomena are best modeled by neural models -- such as the reordering of verbs -- while pointing out other aspects that remain to be improved.
Animal-Assisted Interventions for Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders and is characterized by core symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Given the limitations of the existing treatment strategies, it seems necessary to consider the further exploration of alternative treatment approaches. In this review, the application and complementary use of animal-assisted interventions to the treatment of ADHD were discussed. Several mechanisms including calming, socializing, motivating, and cognitive effects of animal-assisted interventions were explored. Since studies directly investigating these effects on ADHD are scarce, so each of them were examined in terms of how it could benefit the treatment of ADHD. These effects can have a positive effect on several core symptoms of ADHD.
Family, school, delinquency and criminality, the predictive power of an elaborated social control theory for males

The developmental paradigm of the criminal career implies that different factors, among a particular set of control theory variables, may support adolescent delinquency and adult criminality. In this paper we use a large set of family and school control theory variables, measured during early and late adolescence, to predict late adolescent delinquency and adult official and self-reported criminality. To do so, we use a representative sample of male adolescents and multiple regression. When 18 family and 19 school variables are combined to predict adult criminality, only three remain highly significant, in the following order: school performance, attachment to parents and adolescent delinquency. Late adolescent delinquency accounts for a higher proportion of explained variance than adult criminality (36% versus 22% for official and 29% for self-reported criminality). For the prediction of adolescent delinquency, the variables are, in the following order: previous self-reported delinquency, school performance and family bonding. Some variables, such as school performance and parental attachment, have a long-term impact on adult offending but others, such as deviant behaviour, demonstrate a situational impact on adolescent delinquency. On the basis of these results, a lifespan control theory of adult criminality is proposed.