Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient machine learning for attack detection

Abstract Detecting and fending off attacks on computer systems is an enduring problem in computer security. In light of a plethora of different threats and the growing automation used by attackers, we are in urgent need of more advanced methods for attack detection. Manually crafting detection rules is by no means feasible at scale, and automatically generated signatures often lack context, such that they fall short in detecting slight variations of known threats. In the thesis “Efficient Machine Learning for Attack Detection” [35], we address the necessity of advanced attack detection. For the effective application of machine learning in this domain, a periodic retraining over time is crucial. We show that with the right data representation, efficient algorithms for mining substring statistics, and implementations based on probabilistic data structures, training the underlying model for establishing an higher degree of automation for defenses can be achieved in linear time.
The Trading Behaviour of UK Institutional Investors 1

In this paper we analyze the trading patterns of a large number of institutional investors in the UK. We expect these investors to time their trades and the buy (sell) trades to lead to positive (negative) post-event returns. On average, share prices increase significantly on the announcement of both large buy and sell orders and before the sell orders, suggesting that institutional investors take advantage of the run-up in share prices before they sell their holdings. However, we document significant differences across different institutional investors in terms of the timing of the trades with insurance companies, fund managers and overseas investors following contrarian strategies while pension funds and banks follow momentum strategies. However, such strategies do not necessarily lead to positive returns in the post-event period. We conclude that these results are likely to be explained by herding behaviour that has little or no information content. JEL Classification: G11; G21, G22, G23, G14, G32
Liminal consumption of “the cosmic ballet”: an autoethnography

ABSTRACT This study explores the consumption of dance during the identity transition of a homosexual man as a means of appreciating the role of dance in identity management. The account explicates how consumption of a transcendental and paradoxical form of dance called Tandava, or “the cosmic ballet,” empowers an individual to deal with his homosexual identity issues at key liminal junctures. Specifically, the study explores how the homosexual body mobilizes the movements and symbolism in the dance to negotiate identity issues. The study employs the first author’s lived experiences as the research material and depicts his Tandava against the backdrop of his “moments of marginalization. ” In particular, autoethnographic writing is fused with the first author’s dance performance to serve as a method of inquiry into his homosexual identity formation. The study shows how dance facilitated the first author’s identity transition from a state of confusion to acceptance. In so doing the study contributes both to the literature on homosexual identity formation and on dance in consumer research.
Sleep deprivation: Impact on cognitive performance

Today, prolonged wakefulness is a widespread phenomenon. Nevertheless, in the field of sleep and wakefulness, several unanswered questions remain. Prolonged wakefulness can be due to acute total sleep deprivation (SD) or to chronic partial sleep restriction. Although the latter is more common in everyday life, the effects of total SD have been examined more thoroughly. Both total and partial SD induce adverse changes in cognitive performance. First and foremost, total SD impairs attention and working memory, but it also affects other functions, such as long-term memory and decision-making. Partial SD is found to influence attention, especially vigilance. Studies on its effects on more demanding cognitive functions are lacking. Coping with SD depends on several factors, especially aging and gender. Also interindividual differences in responses are substantial. In addition to coping with SD, recovering from it also deserves attention. Cognitive recovery processes, although insufficiently studied, seem to be more demanding in partial sleep restriction than in total SD.
Lower Bounds for a Polynomial on a basic closed semialgebraic set using geometric programming

$f,g_1,. ,g_m$ be elements of the polynomial ring $\mathbb{R}[x_1,. ,x_n]$. The paper deals with the general problem of computing a lower bound for $f$ on the subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$ defined by the inequalities $g_i\ge 0$, $i=1,. ,m$. The paper shows that there is an algorithm for computing such a lower bound, based on geometric programming, which applies in a large number of cases. The algorithm extends and generalizes earlier algorithms of Ghasemi and Marshall, dealing with the case $m=0$, and of Ghasemi, Lasserre and Marshall, dealing with the case $m=1$ and $g_1= M-(x_1^d+\cdots+x_n^d)$. Here, $d$ is required to be an even integer $d \ge \max\{2,\deg(f)\}$. The algorithm is implemented in a SAGE program developed by the first author. The bound obtained is typically not as good as the bound obtained using semidefinite programming, but it has the advantage that it is computable rapidly, even in cases where the bound obtained by semidefinite programming is not computable.
Effects of recent cooling in the Antarctic Peninsula on snow density and surface mass balance

The Antarctic Peninsula region has experienced a recent cooling for about 15 years since the beginning of the 21st century. In Livingston Island, this cooling has been of 0.8°C over the 12-yr period 2004–2016, and of 1.0°C for the summer average temperatures over the same period. In this paper, we analyse whether this observed cooling has implied a significant change in the density of the snowpack covering Hurd and Johnsons glaciers, and whether such a density change has had, by itself, a noticeable impact in the calculated surface mass balance. Our results indicate a decrease in the snow density by 22 kg m-3 over the study period. The density changes are shown to be correlated with the summer temperature changes. We show that this observed decrease in density does not have an appreciable effect on the calculated surface mass balance, as the corresponding changes are below the usual error range of the surface mass balance estimates. This relieves us from the need of detailed and time-consuming snow density measurements at every mass-balance campaign.
Association of IL-10-promoter genetic variants with the rate of CD4 T-cell loss, IL-10 plasma levels, and breadth of cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte response during chronic HIV-1 infection.

BACKGROUND Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a potent immunoregulatory cytokine. IL-10-promoter polymorphisms have been shown to affect human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) clinical outcomes but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. METHODS We investigated the relationship between IL-10-promoter variants, plasma cytokine levels, immune responses and markers of disease outcome in antiretroviral-naïve HIV-1 chronically infected individuals from South Africa. Two IL-10-promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 451 participants. Baseline plasma levels of select cytokines were measured for 112 individuals. Viral load, CD4(+) T-cell counts and HIV-1-specific interferon-gamma CD8(+) T-cell immune responses were measured at baseline. CD4(+) T-cell counts were measured longitudinally and rates of CD4(+) T-cell decline computed for 300 study subjects. RESULTS The minor IL-10-1082G and -592A variants occurred at frequencies of 0.31 and 0.34, respectively. The -592AA genotype associated significantly with attenuated loss of CD4(+) T cells (P = .0496). Individuals possessing -1082GG had significantly higher IL-10 levels compared to -1082AA/AG (P = .0006). The -592AA genotype was associated with greater breadth of virus-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses compared to CC and CA (P = .002 and .004 respectively). CONCLUSIONS IL-10-promoter variants may influence the rate of HIV-1 disease progression by regulating IL-10 levels and the breadth of CD8(+) T-cell immune responses.
Allocation Algorithms in Dynamic Negotiation-Based Coalition Formation

In this paper, we present a set of allocation algorithms for a dynamic, negotiation-based coalition formation model. The model is for a cooperative multiagent system in which each agent has incomplete information about its dynamic and uncertain world and must respond to sensed events within time constraints. With incomplete information and uncertain world parameters while lacking time, an agent cannot afford organizing a rationally optimal coalition formation. Instead, our agents use a two-stage methodology. When an agent detects an event in the world, it first compiles a list of coalition candidates that it thinks would be useful, and then negotiates with the candidates. A negotiation is an exchange of information and knowledge for constraint satisfaction until both parties agree on a deal or one opts out. Each successful negotiation adds a new member to the agent’s final coalition. The agent that initiates the coalition needs to determine the task distribution among the members of the coalition and designs its coalition strategy to increase the chance of successfully forming a working coalition. Since the environment is dynamic, noisy, and the agents are resource-constrained, agents must form the working coalition to react to events as soon as possible and with whatever partial information they currently hold. Thus, the allocation algorithms have to take these constraints into account.
Applying Morphological Decompositions to Statistical Machine Translation

This paper describes the Aalto submission for the German-to-English and the Czech-to-English translation tasks of the ACL 2010 Joint Fifth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation and MetricsMATR. Statistical machine translation has focused on using words, and longer phrases constructed from words, as tokens in the system. In contrast, we apply different morphological decompositions of words using the unsupervised Morfessor algorithms. While translation models trained using the morphological decompositions did not improve the BLEU scores, we show that the Minimum Bayes Risk combination with a word-based translation model produces significant improvements for the German-to-English translation. However, we did not see improvements for the Czech-to-English translations.
Countering the effects of silicon aging on SRAM PUFs

Silicon aging, in particular NBTI, causes many PUFs to exhibit a natural tendency of growing less reliable over time. This is inconvenient or even unacceptable for in-the-field applications. In case of SRAM PUFs it is observed that the impact of NBTI aging depends on the data stored in the SRAM. In this work, we investigate the effects of data-dependent silicon aging on SRAM PUF reliability under a number of realistic scenarios. In an accelerated aging experiment on a 65nm CMOS SRAM PUF implementation it is observed that many scenarios cause a smaller reliability reduction than natural aging. Some scenarios even show anti-aging effects, i.e. they cause the SRAM PUF to grow more reliable over time. This is a significant improvement when using an SRAM PUF. Even more so because data-dependent (anti-)aging has a particularly low overhead, requiring neither any changes to the PUF circuit nor any pre-deployment effort.
Histopathological Evaluation of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Rodent Models

Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) can occur in 3–25% of patients receiving radiocontrast material (RCM) despite appropriate preventive measures. Often patients with an atherosclerotic vasculature have to receive large doses of RCM. Thus, animal studies to uncover the exact pathomechanism of CI-AKI are needed. Sensitive and specific histologic end-points are lacking; thus in the present review we summarize the histologic appearance of different rodent models of CI-AKI. Single injection of RCM causes overt renal damage only in rabbits. Rats and mice need an additional insult to the kidney to establish a clinically manifest CI-AKI. In this review we demonstrate that the concentrating ability of the kidney may be responsible for species differences in sensitivity to CI-AKI. The most commonly held theory about the pathomechanism of CI-AKI is tubular cell injury due to medullary hypoxia. Thus, the most common additional insult in rats and mice is some kind of ischemia. The histologic appearance is tubular epithelial cell (TEC) damage; however severe TEC damage is only seen if RCM is combined by additional ischemia. TEC vacuolization is the first sign of CI-AKI, as it is a consequence of RCM pinocytosis and lysosomal fusion; however it is not sensitive as it does not correlate with renal function and is not specific as other forms of TEC damage also cause vacuolization. In conclusion, histopathology alone is insufficient and functional parameters and molecular biomarkers are needed to closely monitor CI-AKI in rodent experiments.
Advancing student success: assessing the educational outcomes of music and dance education in Ghanaian senior high schools

ABSTRACT This article examines the outcomes of senior high school (SHS) music and dance education in the context of globalisation and current sociocultural transitions occurring in Ghana. The research analysed the experience of educational administrators, teachers, and students across varying socioeconomic strata in the Ashanti Region, the Central Region, and the Greater Accra Region. The findings suggest that Ghanaian SHS music and dance education improves students’: (1) success in school, (2) artistic knowledge, (3) cultural competency, (4) career preparedness, (5) social skills, and (6) wellbeing. The study employed ethnographic and multiple case study approaches. Post-colonial theory and interdisciplinary African arts theory informed the research. The research outcomes inform discussion about the contribution of music and dance to student academic performance in Ghana and post-colonial contexts.
Visualization of the hexagonal lattice in the erythrocyte membrane skeleton

The isolated membrane skeleton of human erythrocytes was studied by high resolution negative staining electron microscopy. When the skeletal meshwork is spread onto a thin carbon film, clear images of a primarily hexagonal lattice of junctional F-actin complexes crosslinked by spectrin filaments are obtained. The regularly ordered network extends over the entire membrane skeleton. Some of the junctional complexes are arranged in the form of pentagons and septagons, approximately 3 and 8%, respectively. At least five forms of spectrin crosslinks are detected in the spread skeleton including a single spectrin tetramer linking two junctional complexes, three-armed Y- shaped spectrin molecules linking three junctional complexes, three- armed spectrin molecules connecting two junctional complexes with two arms bound to one complex and the third arm bound to the adjacent complex, double spectrin filaments linking two junctional complexes, and four-armed spectrin molecules linking two junctional complexes. Of these, the crosslinks of single spectrin tetramers and three-armed molecules are the most abundant and represent 84 and 11% of the total crosslinks, respectively. These observations are compatible with the presence of spectrin tetramers and oligomers in the erythrocyte membrane skeleton. Globular structures (9-12 nm in diameter) are attached to the majority of the spectrin tetramers or higher order oligomer-like molecules, approximately 80 nm from the distal ends of the spectrin tetramers. These globular structures are ankyrinor ankyrin/band 3-containing complexes, since they are absent when ankyrin and residual band 3 are extracted from the skeleton under hypertonic conditions.
Examination of Teacher Opinions regarding History Topics of 7th Grade Social Studies

With this study, it was aimed at drawing attention to the troubles and problems encountered by the teachers in the presence of various variables regarding the teaching of the history topics in the 7 th grade social studies course. At the same time, in order to offer solution suggestions for teaching history topics effectively, we have tried to reach a conclusion by asking teachers' opinions in order to help to the teachers. A semi-structured interview method was used in this qualitative study. In the analysis of the data, descriptive analysis technique was used. When the findings obtained from the research are examined, it is concluded that the social studies curriculum has deficiencies in the teaching of history topics, that the history topics are disjointed, that the chronological order is not paid enough attention, and that there is no integrity between the topics, and the teaching hours of social studies are not sufficient. At the end, the research was concluded with the suggestions such as the history topics in the 7 th grade social studies course should complement one another, should not wander off from one topic to another, and should be presented in a certain chronological order and form integrity.
INFORMATION SECURITY CULTURE IN SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZE ENTERPRISES

This invention provides a novel storage stable, heat curable, coating composition comprising (a) a ketoxime blocked polyisocyanate, (b) a polyol containing 2-4 terminal OH groups, (c) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer, oligomer or prepolymer of the formula: wherein R is H or CH3, R1 is an organic moiety and n is 1 and preferably at least 2, (d) a free radical thermal initiator for (c), and (e) a deblocking and curing catalyst for (a). The reaction between (a) and (b) in the composition results in a thermoset material which is believed to form an interpenetrating network with the resulting thermoset from (c) on thermal curing. The coating composition which is airless sprayable, storage stable and can be cured at low temperatures (about 80 DEG -120 DEG C.) provides a coating having good adhesion to metal surfaces with good abrasion resistance and good corrosion protection.
Amygdala Is Critical for Stress-Induced Modulation of Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation and Learning

Stress is a biologically significant factor shown to influence synaptic plasticity and memory functioning in the hippocampus. This study examined the role of the amygdala, a brain structure implicated in coordinating stress behaviors and modulating memory consolidation, in mediating stress effects on hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory in rats. Electrolytic lesions of the amygdala effectively blocked the adverse physiological and behavioral effects of restraint and tailshock stress, without impeding the increase in corticosterone secretion to stress. Physiologically, hippocampal slices from stressed animals exhibited impaired LTP relative to slices from unstressed control animals, whereas hippocampal slices from stressed animals with amygdalar lesions exhibited normal LTP. Behaviorally, stressed animals were impaired in retention of a hippocampal-dependent hidden platform version of the Morris water maze task, and this impairment was blocked by amygdalar lesions. In a fixed location–visible platform water maze task that can be acquired by independent hippocampal and nonhippocampal memory systems, stress enhanced the use of nonhippocampal-based memory to acquire the task. These results indicate that an intact amygdala is necessary for the expression of the modulatory effects of stress on hippocampal LTP and memory.
Impacts of Endoscopic Gastroesophageal Flap Valve Grading on Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Background Gastroesophageal flap valve (GEFV) endoscopic grading is reported to be associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in adults; however its role in pediatric groups remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the significance of GEFV grading and the associations to multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH monitoring (MII-pH) in children with GERD. Methods A total of 48 children with GERD symptoms who received esophagogastroduodenoscopy and MII-pH monitoring were enrolled. The degree of GEFV was graded from I to IV according to the Hill classification, and classified into two groups: normal GEFV (Hill grades I and II), and abnormal GEFV (Hill grades III and VI). Endoscopic findings and MII-pH monitoring were analyzed among the groups. Results Thirty-six patients had normal GEFV while 12 had abnormal GEFV. The presence of erosive esophagitis was significantly more common in the patients with abnormal GEFV (p = 0.037, OR 9.84, 95% CI 1.15–84.42). Pathological acidic gastroesophageal reflux (GER) determined by MII-pH was more prevalent in the patients with loosened GEFV geometry (p = 0.01, OR 7.0, 95% CI 1.67–27.38). There were significant positive correlations between GEFV Hill grading I to IV and the severity of erosive esophagitis (r = 0.49, p<0.001), percentage of supine acid reflux (r = 0.37, p = 0.009), percentage of total acid reflux (r = 0.3284, p = 0.023), and DeMeester score (r = 0.36, p = 0.01) detected by pH monitoring. In the impedance study, GEFV Hill grading also positively correlated to median number of acid reflux events (r = 0.3015, p = 0.037). Conclusions GEFV dysfunction highly associated with acid GER and severe erosive esophagitis. An abnormal GEFV is a sign of acid GER in children.
Drug Resistance in Cortical and Hippocampal Slices from Resected Tissue of Epilepsy Patients: No Significant Impact of P-Glycoprotein and Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins

Drug resistant patients undergoing epilepsy surgery have a good chance to become sensitive to anticonvulsant medication, suggesting that the resected brain tissue is responsible for drug resistance. Here, we address the question whether P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) expressed in the resected tissue contribute to drug resistance in vitro. Effects of anti-epileptic drugs [carbamazepine (CBZ), sodium valproate, phenytoin] and two unspecific inhibitors of Pgp and MRPs [verapamil (VPM) and probenecid (PBN)] on seizure-like events (SLEs) induced in slices from 35 hippocampal and 35 temporal cortex specimens of altogether 51 patients (161 slices) were studied. Although in slice preparations the blood brain barrier is not functional, we found that SLEs predominantly persisted in the presence of anticonvulsant drugs (90%) and also in the presence of VPM and PBN (86%). Following subsequent co-administration of anti-epileptic drugs and drug transport inhibitors, SLEs continued in 63% of 143 slices. Drug sensitivity in slices was recognized either as transition to recurrent epileptiform transients (30%) or as suppression (7%), particularly by perfusion with CBZ in PBN containing solutions (43, 9%). Summarizing responses to co-administration from more than one slice per patient revealed that suppression of seizure-like activity in all slices was only observed in 7% of patients. Patients whose tissue was completely or partially sensitive (65%) presented with higher seizure frequencies than those with resistant tissue (35%). However, corresponding subgroups of patients do not differ with respect to expression rates of drug transporters. Our results imply that parenchymal MRPs and Pgp are not responsible for drug resistance in resected tissue.