Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison on the Classification of Short-text Documents Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation and Formal Concept Analysis

With the increasing amounts of textual data being collected online, automated text classiﬁcation techniques are becoming increasingly important. However, a lot of this data is in the form of short-text with just a handful of terms per document (e.g. Text messages, tweets or Facebook posts). This data is generally too sparse and noisy to obtain satisfactory classiﬁcation. Two techniques which aim to alleviate this problem are Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and Formal Concept Analysis (FCA). Both techniques have been shown to improve the performance of short-text classiﬁcation by reducing the sparsity of the input data. The relative performance of classiﬁers that have been enhanced using each technique has not been directly compared so, to address this issue, this work presents an experiment to compare them, using supervised models. It has shown that FCA leads to a much higher degree of correlation among terms than LDA and initially gives lower classiﬁcation accuracy. However, once a subset of features is selected for training, the FCA models can outperform those trained on LDA expanded data.
ADAM33 polymorphisms are associated with asthma susceptibility in a Japanese population

Background Asthma is the most common chronic disorder in childhood, and asthma exacerbation is an important cause of childhood morbidity and hospitalization. Asthma is believed to be a complex disorder involving genetic and environmental factors, and several asthma susceptibility loci have been identified through genome‐wide screening. A disintegrin and metalloprotease 33 (ADAM33) was the first asthma susceptibility gene to be discovered by positional cloning in 2002.
The Honda motorcycle business in the Vietnamese emerging market

Purpose – To explore subsidiary development in emerging markets and highlight the role of local factors on driving foreign firm business strategy.Design/methodology/approach – This study builds upon the diamond of competitive advantage framework with regard to determinants in the local environment. Chinese motorcycle penetration into Vietnamese market has made considerable changes from which Honda has upgraded manufacturing capability, moved to higher value activities. It shows a confident process of subsidiary development. The analysis is supported by interview data in three field trips.Findings – The penetration of Chinese motorcycle into Vietnam has brought more opportunities. Honda can utilize for long‐term investments than challenges the firm had to temporarily deal with. The effect of changes in the local market was quite specific to Honda business. Consequentially, local factors have driven the firm emergent strategy into low‐price model which is considered as Honda's local specific product in Viet.
General Equilibrium and the Effective Rate of Protection

In the last five years the theory of effective protection has been developed and refined by many authors. But one crucial consideration has been overlooked by all,1 namely, the way in which effective protection fits into a general equilibrium framework. In Corden's case2 this leads him to a contradictory set of assumptions in what it seems reasonable to assume is an attempt to make effective protection a general equilibrium concept. Several authors3 have correctly noted that effective protection is a partial equilibrium concept, but even they have failed to consider how general equilibrium is achieved. This failure has caused them to overlook the important possibilities that: (1) a nonprohibitive import tariff or export tax in partial equilibrium might become prohibitive in general equilibrium, and (2) a nonprohibitively taxed industry in partial equilibrium might cease to exist in general equilibrium. The analysis is initially developed assuming Leontief production functions, and then generalized to all linear homogeneous production functions. The small-country assumptions of infinitely elastic foreign supply of imports and demand for exports are retained throughout. Factors are assumed to be immobile internationally and mobile domestically. Monetary adjustments are assumed neutral and thus ignored. All goods are
Dual-Response Choices in Pivoted Stated Choice Experiments

This paper discusses the estimation of choice models on pivot-style stated choice data sets that include a reference alternative that corresponds to a recent trip by a respondent. With the potentially high levels of inertia observed in many such data sets, the questionnaire for the current survey gave respondents a secondary choice between the purely hypothetical alternatives when they gave preference to the reference alternative. The aim of this paper was to investigate appropriate ways to deal with such a dual-response data set at the modeling stage. The analysis shows only small differences in scale and willingness-to-pay estimates between the primary and secondary choices, suggesting that especially in the presence of large amounts of inertia in primary choices, secondary responses may provide analysts with useful information on sensitivities.
Postentry Investment and Market Structure in the Chemical Processing Industries

This article analyzes the investment response of incumbents to new entry in 39 chemical product industries. The behavior of incumbents in highly concentrated industries differed from that of incumbents in low-concentration industries. In concentrated industries incumbents increased their rate of investment following entry, but reduced investment to accommodate capacity expansions made by other incumbents. This asymmetric response did not arise in less concentrated industries. Significant excess capacity existed in concentrated industries following entry, but there is little evidence that incumbents built such capacity as a deterrent before entry. Thus, the results support "mobility-deterrence" theories rather than the conventional excess-capacity deterrence argument.
Valuation Effects of Investor Relations Investments

We investigate the stock price performance of 146 firms announcing the appointment of a new investor relations (IR) officer or the hiring of an IR firm between 1999 and 2005. We find positive abnormal returns around the announcement day. In addition, we find evidence that firms with lower valuations, higher idiosyncratic risk, greater chief executive officer holdings, and firms that announce in the post-Sarbanes-Oxley Act era experience greater valuation effects. Finally, we document significant reductions in the information asymmetry and significant increases in the liquidity and visibility of IR firms in the year following the IR announcement.
Psychosocial risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the lower-back among long-haul international female flight attendants.

AIM This paper is a report of a study to examine the relationships between work-related psychosocial factors and lower-back work-related musculoskeletal disorders among long-haul international female flight attendants. BACKGROUND Recent attention has focused on the influence of work-related psychosocial factors on work-related musculoskeletal disorders. To date, however, little is known about the influence of psychosocial factors at work on lower back work-related musculoskeletal disorders in female flight attendants. METHOD A cross-sectional, mailed survey was conducted in 2004 with flight attendants in one major airline who were randomly selected from a union membership list. The work-related psychosocial factors included psychological job demand, decision latitude, social support, job insecurity, and external environmental concerns. Physical load was defined by overall strenuousness across 41 job tasks and measured by a 4-point scale of strenuousness. Lower-back work-related musculoskeletal disorders were defined as lower-back symptoms that occurred at least once a month or lasted at least 1 week in the past year and caused at least moderate pain. FINDINGS The flight attendants with lower back work-related musculoskeletal disorders, compared with those without lower-back work-related musculoskeletal disorders, had higher perceived psychological job demands, job insecurity, and physical load. After controlling for physical load and personal factors, high job insecurity significantly increased the risk for lower-back work-related musculoskeletal disorders. CONCLUSION Occupational health nurses in the airline industry should be cognizant of the importance of assessing the influence of both job tasks and work-related psychosocial factors on lower-back work-related musculoskeletal disorders.
Molecular evidence for a Mediterranean origin of the Macaronesian endemic genus Argyranthemum (Asteraceae).

The internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA were sequenced for 52 species from 32 genera and eight subtribes of Anthemideae. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS data generated trees that are largely incongruent with the recent classification of Anthemideae; most of the subtribes examined are not resolved as monophyletic. However, ITS trees are congruent with morphological, isozyme, phytochemical, and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) restriction site data in supporting a Mediterranean origin for Argyranthemum, the largest endemic genus of the Atlantic oceanic islands. A combined analysis of ITS sequences and cpDNA restriction sites indicates that Argyranthemum is sister to the other three genera of Chrysantheminae (i.e., Chrysanthemum, Heteranthemis, and Ismelia). Times of divergence of Argyranthemum inferred from the ITS sequences ranged between 0.26 and 2.1 million years ago (mya) and are lower than values previously reported from isozyme and cpDNA data (1.5-3.0 mya). It is likely that rate heterogeneity of the ITS sequences in the Anthemideae accounts for the low divergence-time estimates. Comparison of data for 20 species in Argyranthemum and Chrysantheminae indicates that the cpDNA restriction site approach provided much more phylogenetic information than ITS sequences. Thus, restriction site analyses of the entire chloroplast genome remain a valuable approach for studying recently derived island plants.
The cannabis withdrawal syndrome: current insights

The cannabis withdrawal syndrome (CWS) is a criterion of cannabis use disorders (CUDs) (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fifth Edition) and cannabis dependence (International Classification of Diseases [ICD]-10). Several lines of evidence from animal and human studies indicate that cessation from long-term and regular cannabis use precipitates a specific withdrawal syndrome with mainly mood and behavioral symptoms of light to moderate intensity, which can usually be treated in an outpatient setting. Regular cannabis intake is related to a desensitization and downregulation of human brain cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptors. This starts to reverse within the first 2 days of abstinence and the receptors return to normal functioning within 4 weeks of abstinence, which could constitute a neurobiological time frame for the duration of CWS, not taking into account cellular and synaptic long-term neuroplasticity elicited by long-term cannabis use before cessation, for example, being possibly responsible for cannabis craving. The CWS severity is dependent on the amount of cannabis used pre-cessation, gender, and heritable and several environmental factors. Therefore, naturalistic severity of CWS highly varies. Women reported a stronger CWS than men including physical symptoms, such as nausea and stomach pain. Comorbidity with mental or somatic disorders, severe CUD, and low social functioning may require an inpatient treatment (preferably qualified detox) and post-acute rehabilitation. There are promising results with gabapentin and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol analogs in the treatment of CWS. Mirtazapine can be beneficial to treat CWS insomnia. According to small studies, venlafaxine can worsen the CWS, whereas other antidepressants, atomoxetine, lithium, buspirone, and divalproex had no relevant effect. Certainly, further research is required with respect to the impact of the CWS treatment setting on long-term CUD prognosis and with respect to psychopharmacological or behavioral approaches, such as aerobic exercise therapy or psychoeducation, in the treatment of CWS. The up-to-date ICD-11 Beta Draft is recommended to be expanded by physical CWS symptoms, the specification of CWS intensity and duration as well as gender effects.
How to Measure Discount Rates? An Experimental Comparison of Three Methods

Time preferences for financial and air quality gains and losses at delays of up to 50 years were elicited using three different methods: matching, fixed-sequence choice titration, and a dynamic "multiple staircase" choice method. Results indicate that the choice-based methods are prone to influencing participants' discount rates through the magnitude and order of options presented to participants. However, choice-based methods are easier for participants to understand than matching is, and are better at predicting consequential intertemporal choices such as smoking. No consistent advantages were found for the multiple staircase over simple titration. Implications for best practice are discussed.
Identification and characterization of a novel FBN1 gene variant in an extended family with variable clinical phenotype of Marfan syndrome

ABSTRACT Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a multi-systemic autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations in the gene (FBN1) coding for fibrillin-1. Mutations have been associated with a wide range of overlapping phenotypes. Here, we report on an extended family presenting with skeletal, ocular and cardiovascular clinical features. The 37-year-old male propositus, who had chest pain, dyspnea and shortness of breath, was first diagnosed based on the revised Ghent criteria and then subjected to molecular genetic analyses. FBN1 sequencing of the proband as well as available affected family members revealed the presence of a novel variant, c.7828G>C (p.Glu2610Gln), which was not present in any of the unaffected family members. In silico analyses demonstrated that the Glu2610 residue is part of the conserved DINE motif found at the beginning of each cbEGF domain of FBN1. The substitution of Glu2610 with Gln decreased fibrillin-1 production accordingly. Despite the fact that this variation appears to be primarily responsible for the etiology of MFS in the present family, our findings suggest that variable clinical expressions of the disease phenotype should be considered critically by the physicians.
Extended screening for infectious diseases among newly-arrived asylum seekers from Africa and Asia, Verona province, Italy, April 2014 to June 2015

Background and aim Management of health issues presented by newly-arrived migrants is often limited to communicable diseases even though other health issues may be more prevalent. We report the results of infectious disease screening proposed to 462 recently-arrived asylum seekers over 14 years of age in Verona province between April 2014 and June 2015. Methods: Screening for latent tuberculosis (TB) was performed via tuberculin skin test (TST) and/or QuantiFERON-TB Gold in-tube assay and/or chest X-ray. An ELISA was used to screen for syphilis. Stool microscopy was used to screen for helminthic infections, and serology was also used for strongyloidiasis and schistosomiasis. Screening for the latter also included urine filtration and microscopy. Results: Most individuals came from sub-Saharan Africa (77.5%), with others coming from Asia (21.0%) and North Africa (1.5%). The prevalence of viral diseases/markers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was 1.3%, HCV infection was 0.85% and hepatitis B virus surface antigen was 11.6%. Serological tests for syphilis were positive in 3.7% of individuals. Of 125 individuals screened for TB via the TST, 44.8% were positive and of 118 screened via the assay, 44.0% were positive. Of 458 individuals tested for strongyloidiasis, 91 (19.9%) were positive, and 76 of 358 (21.2%) individuals from sub-Saharan Africa were positive for schistosomiasis. Conclusions: The screening of viral diseases is questionable because of low prevalence and/or long-term, expensive treatments. For opposing reasons, helminthic infections are probably worth to be targeted by screening strategies in asylum seekers of selected countries of origin.
Managing complex business relationships: Small business and stakeholder salience

All business depends on the environment in which it operates and the existence of suppliers, customers and owners. Collectively, these and other groups which interact with the organisation, and whose needs and concerns must be considered, are known as stakeholders. Most research on stakeholder relationships has focused on large, publicly-owned corporations, and little appeared to be known about identity, dynamics, motivation and operations of stakeholder relationships in small business. Stakeholder theory, although mainly focused on large publicly owned corporations, is also highly relevant for small business and is the focus of this study. Two research questions were developed; “Who are the stakeholders in Australian small business? ” (RQ1) and “How can relationships between Australian small business and stakeholders be defined? ” (RQ2). A multiple-case study approach, where the same process of investigation is repeated in each case, was used to facilitate the understanding of ‘who’ and ‘how’ of stakeholder relationships in context and to allow cross-case comparison, analytical generalisation and formulation of theory. Cases were purposively selected according to potential for yielding insights and understanding into the identity of stakeholders in Australian small business. The interviewees were the key decision maker of a small business with fewer than 20 employees. In six of the eight cases, the interviewee was the owner-manager of the business. All cases were located in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Data collection was by way of face-to-face, interviews that followed a semi-structured interview instrument. It was found that stakeholders of small business can be readily identified and typically include owner-managers, customers, employees, suppliers, family, community and government. These stakeholders can also be ranked and measured in terms of their salience (the combination of urgency, legitimacy and power). In small business, where the key decision maker is typically the owner-manager, the interests of the manager thus align that of the owner, putting into play a mutuality principle and encouraging responsiveness to stakeholders as a strategy to enhance financial performance. This sets small business apart from large business and therefore has implications for policy that aims to support the economically and socially important small business sector.
Does a Nearby Murder Affect Housing Prices and Rents? The Case of Sydney

We measure the impact of murders on prices and rents of homes in Sydney. We find that housing prices fall by 3.9% for homes within 0.2 miles of the murder, in the year following the murder, and weaker results in the second year after a murder. We do not find any effects of murders on rents. Higher media coverage and being located closer to the murder (within 0.1 mile) have no additional effect on prices. Taken together, our findings suggest that proximity to a murder affects nearby property prices, particularly in the first year after the incident.
Disparities in Perceptions of Generic Skills: Academics and Employers

A recent report in the ‘Monitor’ section of Industry and Higher Education, which referred to the disagreement between industry and academic leaders on key issues in education as a ‘cultural gulf’, prompted reflection on the widespread perception of the inadequacy of educational systems to develop in their graduates skills appropriate for the workforce. It is argued in this paper, from the perspective of an academic teaching accounting and communications, that these perceptions are based, in part, on the language commonly used to describe competency-based education. Language issues plus the distinct cultural differences between education and work, contribute to a disparity between educational objectives on the one hand and employer expectations on the other.
Dispersion of Opinions, Limits to Arbitrage, and Overnight Returns

Using nine years of intraday data for the largest 3,000 U.S. stocks, we find a strong tendency for positive returns during the overnight period followed by reversals during the subsequent trading day. This behavior is driven by an opening price that is high relative to intraday prices. Consistent with the theory of Miller (1977) and other disagreement models, we find this behavior is limited to stocks with high dispersion of opinions measured near the daily open, as well as over the entire trading day. Furthermore, the magnitude of these overnight returns and trading day reversals is progressively greater among finer subsamples of stocks subject to greater limits to arbitrage, embodied in more binding short sale constraints and high transaction costs.
Categorization of angel investments: an explorative analysis of risk reduction strategies in Finland

Recent studies have proposed that future research on business angel typologies should focus on individual investments rather than investors. This study is a response to this proposal. It suggests that investments can be divided into subgroups in accordance with the comprehensiveness of business angels' due diligence and the strength of their involvement in the ventures. The sample comprises 53 investments by Finnish business angels. Four investment categories were identified: (a) gambles; (b) conventional angel investments; (c) due diligence-driven investments; and (d) professionally safeguarded investments. These investments are compared with respect to the general characteristics of the investors and investments, investment criteria and general investment preferences and to the level of relationship-specific investments by entrepreneurs. The results point to several substantial differences between these groups. The study helps entrepreneurs to understand what they can expect from angel investments.
Chapter 4 Electrophysiology of Autism

Electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) are noninvasive methods of measuring activity in the brain. Both methods have been used extensively in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), revealing differences in cognitive processing in individuals with ASD compared to typically developing controls. Both EEG and MEG measure synchronized neural activity in the brain with excellent temporal resolution, with EEG measuring electrical potentials on the scalp and MEG measuring the magnetic field outside the head produced by current flow in the brain [5]. Processes in ASD that are commonly investigated with EEG and MEG include auditory processing, face processing, visual processing, speech and language, and social cognition. EEG and MEG can be used to assess simple sensory processing as well as higher-order cognitive processing and can often reveal information that is unavailable from behavioral tasks. Many studies have found differences in brain activity measured by EEG and/ or MEG in spite of equivalent performance between ASD and control groups. As such, while behavioral performance may appear normal, measures of brain activity may reveal compen‐ satory processes masking abnormal brain activity [6].