Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Les migrants, partenaires de la coopération internationale : Le cas des Maliens de France

Les immigres originaires de la region de Kayes au Mali, principale region malienne pourvoyeuse d'emigres vers la France, constituent une communaute culturellement et ethniquement homogene qui se distingue par un fort dynamisme associatif. Si la migration a d'abord ete concue par les candidats au depart et leur famille comme une solution temporaire aux problemes conjoncturels, peu a peu, elle est devenue dans cette region une strategie usuelle de diversification des sources de revenu pour l'economie villageoise et l'instrument privilegie de promotion sociale pour nombre de categories defavorisees. Une dependance aux revenus de la migration s'instaure progressivement, accentuee par un contexte economique local peu favorable. En reponse a l'evolution de la reglementation francaise en matiere d'immigration, une migration d'installation succede a la migration tournante (la noria). Les immigres s'interessent davantage au developpement durable de leur pays et s'engagent dans une dynamique . Malian immigrants in France from the Region of Kayes constitute a community which is culturally and ethnically homogeneous and their expatriate associations have proven to be dynamic. Originally, migration was conceived of by the migrants and their families as temporary, but it has gradually become a common strategy of diversification of income for the village economy and the preferred way of upward social mobility for many disadvantaged people. Thus, dependence on income from migration has increased and has been reinforced by unfavourable local economic conditions. Temporary migration has turned into settlement as a consequence of the change in the French immigration laws. Migrants have subsequently shown increasing interest in the sustainable development of Mali and have become involved in projects through the organisation of solidarity funds and development associations which undertake collective action in their country of origin. In the Region of Kayes, the migrants' .
Comparison of CP-based single carrier and OFDM with power allocation

Existing performance comparisons of single-carrier (SC) and multicarrier transmission are mainly based on simulations. In this letter, we present a framework to compare the performance of cyclic prefix (CP)-based SC block transmission and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) in frequency-selective fading channels. Minimum mean-squared error, equal-gain, and approximate minimum bit-error rate power-allocation schemes for CP-OFDM are considered. Performance of these methods is compared analytically and verified by simulations.
A Post-Succession Analysis of Factors Influencing Coaching Success in NCAA Division I Men’s Basketball – Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

Based on the reciprocal determinism component of social learning theory, a total of 736 men's NCAA Division I basketball coaching changes between 1999 and 2014 were examined to establish which factors were related to conference success following a coaching change. Results from an exploratory latent class analysis indicated that many demographic, environmental, and experiential variables assumed to be important in hiring a new coach are insignificant. However, a program's previous success, individual coaching ability, and previous coach vacancy circumstance are all significantly related to conference winning differential after a coaching change. Results also indicated a regression to the mean occurs after most coaching changes except for the most elite programs. Pragmatically, however, findings show relatively small increments in winning or losing following a coaching change, suggesting that the impact of a coach is often overstated. Stakeholders can use this information to evaluate coaches, programs, and hiring practices in men's Division I basketball.
Chemical evaluation of the quality of meat originating from pigs vaccinated with experimental bivalent vaccine against colidiarrhoea and colienterotoxemia Chemical evaluation of the quality of meat originating from pigs vaccinated with experimental bivalent vaccine against colidiarrhoea and coliente

1 assist. prof. Željka Cvrtila Fleck, PhD, prof. Bela Njari, PhD, prof. Lidija Kozačinski, PhD, Department of Hygiene, Technology and Food Safety , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 2 Ana Marija Večkovec, PhD, Braće Radića 6, 10 432 Bregana, Hrvatska 3 Daniel Špoljarić, PhD, prof. Maja Popović, PhD, Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 4 assoc. prof. Gordan Mršić, PhD, Forensic Science Centre ‘‘Ivan Vučetić’’, Ministry of Interior, Ilica 335, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 5 Siniša Srčec, PhD, Križevci College of Agriculture, Mislava Demerca 1, Križevci, Croatia6 Katarina Špiranec, dr. med. vet. ; prof. dr. sc. Damir Mihelić, Zavod za anatomiju, histologiju i embriologiju, Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska 6 Katarina Špiranec, DVM, prof. Damir Mihelić, PhD, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia Summary In intensive pig production, large and stubborn problems are losses among suckling, especially in weaned piglets caused by infection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), usually F4ac+ and / or F18ac+ strains. The research within the project 053-0532265-2255 was established satisfactory imunoprophylactic eect of experimental oral F4ac+ and / or F18ac+ non-ETEC vaccine against colidiarrhoea and colienterotoxemia in weaned piglets. However, in the m. longissimus dorsi orally vaccinated pigs with a bivalent vaccine (containing two strains of E. coli / F4ac + no ETEC strain 2407 and not F18ac + ETEC strain 2143) chemical analysis showed statistically insignicant changes in relation to the chemical composition of m. longissimus dorsi nonvaccinated pigs.
Working Conditions and Anxiety. An Analysis on the Sixth European Working Conditions Survey Data

In 2015, the 16% of the European workers experienced anxiety (EWCS 2017). Data show that anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental health problems. According to the literature, poor working conditions hurt both physical and mental health. The paper studies the association between working conditions and anxiety for European workers (EU15), using data from the Sixth European Working Conditions Survey realised in 2017. The dependent variable is anxiety. Independent variables are selected taking into account that working conditions and support at work help to understand causes of anxiety. The association between working conditions and anxiety is tested using a standard probit model. Results show that high job demand increases anxiety and social support on the job reduces it.
An Evaluation of Occupational Behavior in Individuals with and without Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

ABSTRACT Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is now conceptualized as a life-course persistent disorder, including impairments in the occupational functional domains. Occupational impairment is one of the considerations in contemporary diagnostic criteria for ADHD. This study compares the workplace behavior of 26 young adults without ADHD to 24 young adults with ADHD in a simulated pizza restaurant and delivery setting on a job application completion task, in a job interview, and on job performance tasks. Results indicated that there were significant differences in masked ratings of job interview performance, favoring the performance of individuals without ADHD. No significant differences were obtained for job applications and job performance. Results suggest that job interviewing skills may be an important area to address for individuals with ADHD entering the workforce.
Energy Efficient Location-Based Clustering for Skewed-Topology Wireless Sensor Networks

The energy consumption problem in wireless sensor networks is investigated. The problem is to expend as little energy as possible receiving and transmitting data, because of constrained battery. In this paper, in order to extend the lifetime of the network, we proposed a location-based clustering algorithm for wireless sensor network with skewed- topology. The proposed algorithm is to deploy multiple child nodes at the sink to avoid bottleneck near the sink and to save energy. Proposed algorithm can reduce control traffic overhead by creating a dynamic cluster. We have evaluated the performance of our clustering algorithm through an analysis and a simulation. We compare our algorithm's performance to the best known centralized algorithm, and demonstrate that it achieves a good performance in terms of the life time.
Optical Spectroscopy of Metal-rich H II Regions and Circumnuclear Hot Spots in M83 and NGC 3351

We present optical spectroscopy of a sample of metal-rich extragalactic H II regions in the spiral galaxies M83 (NGC 5236), NGC 3351, and NGC 6384. The metal abundance, estimated from semiempirical methods using strong emission lines, is found to be above solar for most of the objects. The sample includes a number of circumnuclear H II regions (hot spots), which are found in general to have spectral properties similar to the H II regions located in the disks. Different age estimators [equivalent width of the Hβ emission line W(Hβ), Balmer line absorption profiles, UV spectra] provide consistently young ages (4-6 Myr) for the hot spots. We have detected the Wolf-Rayet (W-R) bump feature at 4650 Å in five of the objects, and in fewer cases possibly the WC features in the red at 5696 and 5808 Å. Six additional objects showing W-R features are drawn from our previous work on extragalactic H II regions. From the measured luminosity of the stellar He II λ4686 line we estimate a small number of WN stars (from one or two to about 30). We have compared the measured intensities and equivalent widths of the W-R bump to the predictions of recent evolutionary models for massive stellar populations. By assuming instantaneous bursts of star formation the ages derived from W(Hβ), between 3 and 6 Myr, are in agreement with the age span predicted by the models. The observed strength of the W-R bump is in agreement with the predictions for only half of the objects, the remainder showing lower I(4650)/I(Hβ) and W(4650) than the models of the appropriate metallicities. Our favored explanation is related to the finite number of stars formed in the clusters and to stochastic effects likely to be at work in star-forming regions of the size considered here. The He I λ5876 recombination line is used as an indicator of the equivalent effective temperature of the ionizing clusters, Teff . We have found that this temperature is not affected by the presence of W-R stars. From a comparison with published photoionization models based on synthetic cluster spectral energy distributions we find some evidence for an overestimation of the number of He ionizing photons in the model fluxes. In general, however, the massive star diagnostics considered in our work are in agreement with the predictions of recent evolutionary models calculated with a Salpeter initial mass function and a high upper mass limit. We find no compelling evidence for a depletion of massive stars (M > 40-50 M☉) in the initial mass function of metal-rich clusters, contrary to our previous conclusions based on older evolutionary models.
Computational structural and functional genomics and transcriptomics 147

Motivation: Gene expression in chloroplasts of algae and plants is regulated through binding of chloroplast mRNA by nuclear-encoded proteins. It is therefore important to determine such protein binding sites and study them from evolutionary perspective. Results: An algorithm of finding conservative protein-RNA binding sites is designed, also see details in (Lyubetsky et al., 2004). The algorithm was applied to infer these sites upstream of chloroplast genes. As a result, candidate protein-RNA binding sites were detected upstream of the atpF, petB, clpP, psaA, psbA and psbB genes in many chloroplasts of algae and plants. We suggest that some of these sites are involved in suppressing translation until the completion of splicing.
The production and perception of Estonian quantity degrees by native and non-native speakers

The paper studies the production and perception of Estonian quantity oppositions by native Estonians (L1 subjects) and non-native speakers with Russian-language background (L2 subjects). Estonian quantity system involves three contrastive prosodic patterns referred to as short (Q1), long (Q2) and overlong (Q3) quantity degrees. These phonological contrasts are manifested by a complex interaction of durational and tonal cues in a disyllabic foot. For L2 subjects the Estonian quantity contrasts constitute a difficult issue in both perception and production since there are no similar patterns in Russian to rely on. The production of quantity contrasts was examined in twosyllable CVCV-words read in sentence context; for the perception experiments a stimulus set involving isolated CVCV-words with varying duration of vowels in both syllables and varying F0 contour was created. Ten L1 and ten L2 subjects participated in both the reading of test sentences and the perception experiment. The results showed that L2 subjects were successful in distinguishing Q1 and Q2 patterns in production and perception, but failed in distinguishing Q2 and Q3 patterns in both tasks.
Personality traits and two dimensions of forgivingness

Although personality characteristics have been conceptualized as influencing individuals’ propensity to forgive, the findings in this field are inconsistent and require further studies. The five-factor model has been explored most frequently, and personality traits, especially agreeableness and neuroticism, have been found to be related to forgiveness. This study investigated the relationships between five personality domains and different aspects of dispositional forgiveness, termed forgivingness , namely positive and negative dimensions of forgivingness of oneself, other people, and situations beyond anyone’s control. Data were collected from 153 adults aged from 20 to 55 years. The participants completed the NEO-FFI Personality Inventory and the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS). Correlation and regression analyses were performed. The results demonstrated that personality traits explained variance in most HFS subscales. Neuroticism, agreeableness and extraversion were significant predictors of different dimensions of forgivingness. Neuroticism negatively predicted the overall level of forgivingness and overcoming unforgiveness of self, others, and situations. Extraversion along with neuroticism also negatively predicted total forgivingness as well as overcoming unforgiveness in general and towards others. Agreeableness was significantly related to positive forgivingness in general and towards others.
Enterococcus faecium HDRsEf1 Protects the Intestinal Epithelium and Attenuates ETEC-Induced IL-8 Secretion in Enterocytes

The probiotic Enterococcus faecium HDRsEf1 (Ef1) has been shown to have positive effects on piglet diarrhoea, but the mechanism has not yet been elucidated. In this study, using the IPEC-J2 cell line to mimic intestinal epithelial cells and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88ac as a representative intestinal pathogen, the mechanism underlying Ef1 protection against an enteropathogen was investigated. The results demonstrated that Ef1 was effective in displacing K88ac from the IPEC-J2 cell layer. Moreover, Ef1 and its cell-free supernatant (S-Ef1) modulate IL-8 released by IPEC-J2 cells. Ef1 and its cell-free supernatant showed the potential to protect enterocytes from an acute inflammatory response. In addition, Ef1 and its cell-free supernatant increased the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of the enterocyte monolayer, thus strengthening the intestinal barrier against ETEC. These results may contribute to the development of therapeutic interventions using Ef1 in intestinal disorders of piglets.
Voice Matters: Buffering the Impact of a Negative Climate for Women in Science

The current study examined whether women scientists' perceptions of voice moderate the impact of poor workplace climates on job satisfaction and whether effective leadership and mentoring promote women's voice. Survey data were collected from 135 faculty women in the natural sciences. The results from multiple regression analyses indicated that negative (e.g., sexist, hostile) departmental climates were related to lower job satisfaction. However, voice interacted with climate, such that women who perceived that they had more voice in departmental matters showed higher levels of job satisfaction than those who perceived having less voice. An additional regression indicated that mentoring by other women (but not men) in academia and effective departmental leadership were positively related to women's sense of voice. Theoretical and practical implications for the retention and success of women in male-dominated fields are discussed.
Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Contributes to Activity-Dependent Filopodia Growth and Spine Formation

Remodeling of synaptic networks through an activity-dependent formation or elimination of synaptic connections is believed to contribute to information processing and long-term memory. Recent work showed that enhanced synaptic activation, including induction of long-term potentiation and sensory stimulation, promote a rapid growth of dendritic filopodia and the formation of new spines or new types of synapses. Here, we investigated whether calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), an enzyme implicated in the control of synaptic efficacy, also participated in these mechanisms. We show that the intracellular application of autophosphorylated CaMKII reproduced these morphological changes and triggered filopodia growth and spine formation. In addition, we find that activation of endogenous kinase through the inhibition of phosphatases or the application of calmodulin in the cell produced similar effects. Conversely, blockade of CaMKII activity prevented the synaptic enhancement, the growth of filopodia and formation of new spines triggered by LTP induction, and a short anoxia/hypoglycemia. Together, these results support the interpretation that CaMKII contributes to the control of activity-dependent structural plasticity.
Viral Misinformation: The Role of Homophily and Polarization

The spreading of unsubstantiated rumors on online social networks (OSN) either unintentionally or intentionally (e.g., for political reasons or even trolling) can have serious consequences such as in the recent case of rumors about Ebola causing disruption to health-care workers. Here we show that indicators aimed at quantifying information consumption patterns might provide important insights about the virality of false claims. In particular, we address the driving forces behind the popularity of contents by analyzing a sample of 1.2M Facebook Italian users consuming different (and opposite) types of information (science and conspiracy news). We show that users' engagement across different contents correlates with the number of friends having similar consumption patterns (homophily), indicating the area in the social network where certain types of contents are more likely to spread. Then, we test diffusion patterns on an external sample of 4,709 intentional satirical false claims showing that neither the presence of hubs (structural properties) nor the most active users (influencers) are prevalent in viral phenomena. Instead, we found out that in an environment where misinformation is pervasive, users' aggregation around shared beliefs may make the usual exposure to conspiracy stories (polarization) a determinant for the virality of false information.
Learning to See, but Not Discriminate, Visual Forms Is Impaired in Aging

Despite the central role of learning in visual recognition, it is largely unknown whether visual form learning is maintained in older age. We examined whether training improved performance in both young and older adults at two key stages of visual recognition: integration of local elements and global form discrimination. We used a shape-discrimination task (concentric vs. radial patterns) in which young and older adults showed similar performance before training. Using a parametric stimulus space that allowed us to manipulate global features and background noise, we were able to distinguish integration and discrimination processes. We found that training improves global form discrimination in both young and older adults. However, learning to integrate local elements is impaired in older age, possibly because of reduced tolerance to external noise. These findings suggest that visual selection processes, rather than global feature representations, provide a fundamental limit for learning-dependent plasticity in the aging brain.
Human Cytomegalovirus IE1 Protein Elicits a Type II Interferon-Like Host Cell Response That Depends on Activated STAT1 but Not Interferon-γ

Human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) is a highly prevalent pathogen that, upon primary infection, establishes life-long persistence in all infected individuals. Acute hCMV infections cause a variety of diseases in humans with developmental or acquired immune deficits. In addition, persistent hCMV infection may contribute to various chronic disease conditions even in immunologically normal people. The pathogenesis of hCMV disease has been frequently linked to inflammatory host immune responses triggered by virus-infected cells. Moreover, hCMV infection activates numerous host genes many of which encode pro-inflammatory proteins. However, little is known about the relative contributions of individual viral gene products to these changes in cellular transcription. We systematically analyzed the effects of the hCMV 72-kDa immediate-early 1 (IE1) protein, a major transcriptional activator and antagonist of type I interferon (IFN) signaling, on the human transcriptome. Following expression under conditions closely mimicking the situation during productive infection, IE1 elicits a global type II IFN-like host cell response. This response is dominated by the selective up-regulation of immune stimulatory genes normally controlled by IFN-γ and includes the synthesis and secretion of pro-inflammatory chemokines. IE1-mediated induction of IFN-stimulated genes strictly depends on tyrosine-phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and correlates with the nuclear accumulation and sequence-specific binding of STAT1 to IFN-γ-responsive promoters. However, neither synthesis nor secretion of IFN-γ or other IFNs seems to be required for the IE1-dependent effects on cellular gene expression. Our results demonstrate that a single hCMV protein can trigger a pro-inflammatory host transcriptional response via an unexpected STAT1-dependent but IFN-independent mechanism and identify IE1 as a candidate determinant of hCMV pathogenicity.
Learning by Exporting or Self Selection? Which Way for the Kenyan Manufacturing Firms?

In this paper, firm level panel data for Kenyan manufacturing sector is used to investigate whether exporters are different from non exporters and the causal relationship between exporting and productivity. The paper uses a production function which is complemented by firm level characteristics and business environment factors. The Generalized Least Squares (GLS) regression is used to estimate whether exporters are different from nonexporters while the causal relationship between exporting and productivity is determined using the concept of Granger causality test. The results obtained show some significant differences between exporters and non exporters. The results also show some evidence for learning-by-doing hypothesis and evidence for self-selection of more efficient firms into exporting. On the policy front the paper calls for more focus on improving exports in order for Kenya to industrialize.