Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rice Stripe Mosaic Virus, a Novel Cytorhabdovirus Infecting Rice via Leafhopper Transmission

A new rice viral disease exhibiting distinct symptoms—yellow stripes, mosaic and twisted tips on leaves—was found in China. Electron microscopy of infected leaf cells revealed the presence of bacilliform virions and electron-translucent granular-fibrillar viroplasm in the cytoplasm. The enveloped viral particles were 300 to 375 nm long and 45 to 55 nm wide. The leafhopper Recilia dorsalis was able to transmit the virus to rice seedlings, which subsequently exhibited symptoms similar to those observed in fields. The complete genome of the virus was obtained by small-RNA deep sequencing and reverse transcription-PCR product sequencing. The anti-genome contains seven open reading frames (ORFs). The deduced amino acids of ORF1, ORF5, and ORF7 are, respectively, homologous to the nucleocapsid protein (N), glycoprotein (G), and large polymerase protein (L) of known rhabdoviruses. The predicted product of ORF2 is identified as a phosphoprotein (P) based on its multiple potential phosphorylation sites and 12.6 to 21.0% amino acid (aa) identities with the P proteins of plant rhabdoviruses. The product of ORF4 is presumed to be the viral matrix (M) protein for it shares 10.3 to 14.3% aa identities with those of other rhabdoviruses. The above five products were confirmed as the viral structural proteins by SDS-PAGE and aa sequencing analyses of purified virus preparation. ORF3 and ORF6 are considered to encode two nonstructural proteins with unknown functions. Phylogenetic analysis based on protein N, G, and L amino acid sequences indicated that the isolated virus, which we have tentatively named Rice stripe mosaic virus (RSMV), is a new species in the genus Cytorhabdovirus. To our knowledge, RSMV is the only cytorhabdovirus naturally infecting rice and the first reported leafhopper-transmitted cytorhabdovirus. Our surveys of rice fields indicate that RSMV occurs frequently in Guangdong Province, China. Although the disease incidence is low at present, it might become serious with the vector insect population increasing.
Universality at the edge of the spectrum for unitary, orthogonal, and symplectic ensembles of random matrices

We prove universality at the edge of the spectrum for unitary (β = 2), orthogonal (β = 1), and symplectic (β = 4) ensembles of random matrices in the scaling limit for a class of weights w(x) = e−V(x) where V is a polynomial, V(x) = κ2mx2m + · · ·, κ2m > 0. The precise statement of our results is given in Theorem 1.1 and Corollaries 1.2 and 1.4 below. For the same class of weights, a proof of universality in the bulk of the spectrum is given in [12] for the unitary ensembles and in [9] for the orthogonal and symplectic ensembles.
HUBUNGAN SELF-DETERMINATION DAN MOTIVASI BERPRESTASI DENGAN KEMAMPUAN PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN SISWA SMA

Career decision-making ability requires the ability to assess and think of the integration between the knowledge of themselves and the knowledge of the job. Self-determination is the ability to identify desire for autonomy, competence, and relation in order to achieve a target. Achievement motivation refers to students’ attempts to meet goals by becoming a moderate risk taker, showing perseverance in work, having expectation for feedback, showing responsibility in a given task, and having the ability to innovate. The objective of this research is to analyze the effect of self-determination and achievement motivation on Senior High School students’ career decision-making ability. This research also investigates if the aforementioned variables are correlated. The sample for this research are 410 students of Senior High School Grade XI. This is a quantitative based research with multiple correlational research design. The results of the research shows that the correlation value between the self-determination and achievement motivation variables and the career decision-making ability variable is 0.780 (0.00 <0.05). This means that there is a significant correlation between the aforementioned variables. The contribution of the self-determination and achievement motivation variables to the career decision-making ability variable ((R 2 ) is 78%. Keywords: career decision-making abilitie s; self-determination ; achievement motivation.
Mapping the Galactic Halo. IV. Finding Distant Giants Reliably with the Washington System

We critically examine the use of the Washington photometric system (with the DDO51 filter) for identifying distant halo giants. While this is the most powerful photometric technique for isolating G and K giant stars, spectroscopic follow-up of giant candidates is vital. There are two situations in which interlopers outnumber genuine giants in the diagnostic M-51/M-T2 plot and are indistinguishable photometrically from the giants. (1) In deep surveys covering tens of square degrees, very metal-poor halo dwarfs are a significant contaminant. An example is our survey of the outer halo, where these metal-poor dwarfs dominate the number of photometric giant candidates at magnitudes fainter than V = 18 and cannot be isolated photometrically. (2) In deep surveys of smaller areas with low photometric precision, most objects in the giant region of the color-color plot are dwarfs whose photometric errors have moved them there. Color errors in M-51 and M-T2 need to be smaller than 0.03 mag to avoid this problem. An example of a survey whose photometric errors place the giant identifications under question is the survey for extratidal giants around the Carina dwarf spheroidal galaxy of Majewski et al. Accurate photometry and spectroscopic follow-up of giant candidates are essential when using the Washington system to identify the rare outer halo giants.
Evolving UK and US macroeconomic dynamics through the lens of a model of deterministic structural change

Using a model of deterministic structural change, we revisit several topics in inflation dynamics explored previously using stochastic, time-varying parameter models. We document significant reductions in inflation persistence and predictability. We estimate that changes in the volatility of shocks were decisive in accounting for the great moderations of the United States and the United Kingdom. We also show that the magnitude and the persistence of the response of inflation and output to monetary policy shocks has fallen in these two countries. These findings should be of interest in those seeking to resolve theoretical debates about the sources of apparent nominal and real frictions in the macroeconomy, and the causes of the Great Moderation.
Stability and Scalability of Homogeneous Vehicular Platoon: Study on the Influence of Information Flow Topologies

In addition to decentralized controllers, the information flow among vehicles can significantly affect the dynamics of a platoon. This paper studies the influence of information flow topology on the internal stability and scalability of homogeneous vehicular platoons moving in a rigid formation. A linearized vehicle longitudinal dynamic model is derived using the exact feedback linearization technique, which accommodates the inertial delay of powertrain dynamics. Directed graphs are adopted to describe different types of allowable information flow interconnecting vehicles, including both radar-based sensors and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications. Under linear feedback controllers, a unified internal stability theorem is proved by using the algebraic graph theory and Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion. The theorem explicitly establishes the stabilizing thresholds of linear controller gains for platoons, under a large class of different information flow topologies. Using matrix eigenvalue analysis, the scalability is investigated for platoons under two typical information flow topologies, i.e., 1) the stability margin of platoon decays to zero as 0(1/N2) for bidirectional topology; and 2) the stability margin is always bounded and independent of the platoon size for bidirectional-leader topology. Numerical simulations are used to illustrate the results.
Construction of Aharonov–Berry's superoscillations

A simple method is described for constructing functions that superoscillate at an arbitrarily chosen wavelength scale. Our method is based on the technique of oversampled signal reconstruction. This allows us to explicitly demonstrate that the observed fragility of superoscillating wavefunctions is indeed mathematically closely connected to what in the communication theory community is known as the instability of oversampled signal reconstruction, confirming a previous conjecture. This is of potential interest, for example, concerning the understanding of the practical difficulties in experimentally producing superoscillatory wavefunctions.
A support vector machine based naive Bayes algorithm for spam filtering

Naive Bayes classifiers are widely used to filter spam emails, however, the strong independence assumptions between features limit their performance in accurately identifying spams. To address this issue, we proposed a support machine vector based naive Bayes — SVM-NB — filtering system. The SVM-NB first constructs an optimal separating hyperplane that divides samples in the training set into two categories. For samples located nearby the hyperplane, if they are in different categories, one of them will be eliminated from the training set. In this way, the dependence between samples is reduced and the entire training sample space is simplified. With the trimmed training set, the naive Bayes algorithm is applied to classify emails in the test set. The SVM-NB system is evaluated with the dataset obtained from DATAMALL. Experiment results demonstrate that SVM-NB can achieve a higher spam-detection accuracy and a faster classification speed.
Originations: Land and Sea Compared Origines: Comparaisons Terre-Mer

The dynamics of origination in the fossil record of three marine groups (molluscs, echinoderms and fishes) and three terrestrial groups (mammals, insects and plants) is analyzed in this paper. Four hypotheses are tested: (1) secular decline in lineage origination; (2) secular decline in evolutionary innovation; (3) diversity dependence of lineage origination; (4) self-organized criticality of lineage origination. A decline in lineage origination and in the production of major innovations is present in all groups, suggesting controls that transcend the land-sea distinction. The relationship between diversity and origination appears to be strong in the sea and weak on land, a difference that might imply environment-specific controls. Mixed support for a logistic dynamics of origination is found. Finally, no general support for a selforganized critical behaviour of origination is found, with the predictions appearing to hold robustly only in insects and pteridophytes/gymnosperms. Résumé. La dynamique d'apparitions des lignages et des innovations évolutives dans l'histoire fossile de trois groupes marins (mollusques, échinodermes, et poissons) et de trois groupes terrestres (mammifères, insectes et plantes) est analysée en cet article. Quatre hypothèses sont examinées: (1) déclin sur le long terme des apparitions de lignages; (2) déclin sur le long terme d'innovations évolutives; (3) dépendance en diversité des apparitions de lignages; (4) criticalité auto-organisée. On observe un déclin des apparitions de lignages et de la production d'innovations évolutives dans tous les groupes, ce qui suggere des règles d'apparition qui dépassent la distinction terre-mer. Le rapport entre diversité et apparitions semble être forte en mer et faible sur terre, une différence qui suggère des règles déterminées par l'environnement. Une dynamique logistique des apparitions n'est pas omniprésent. Enfin, l'hypothèse d'un comportement critique auto-organisé des apparitions de lignages ne peut être confirmé de manière générale. Les predictions semblent être satisfaites seulement chez les insectes et les ptéridophytes/gymnospermes.
Intrastriatal Infusion of Liver Growth Factor Stimulates Dopamine Terminal Sprouting and Partially Restores Motor Function in 6-Hydroxydopamine-lesioned Rats

Liver growth factor (LGF) is a mitogen for liver cells that shows biological activity in extrahepatic sites and may be useful for neuroregenerative therapies. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of the intrastriatal (IS) infusion of LGF in the 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease. Tyrosine hydroxylase-positive innervation was significantly increased in the dopamine-denervated striatum of rats receiving intrastriatal LGF infusions (160 ng/day/rat × 15 days) as compared with a vehicle-infused group. There was no evidence of dopaminergic neurogenesis in the striatum or substantia nigra in any experimental group at the times studied. However, in those animals undergoing IS-LGF infusion for 48 hr, we found a significant increase in both microglial proliferation and in the number of microglial cells that acquired the ameboid morphology. This is characteristic of activated microglia/macrophages that has been reported to play an important role in dopamine terminal sprouting. In summary, our study shows that IS infusion of LGF stimulates the outgrowth of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive terminals in the striatum of 6-hydroxydopamine-treated rats. As apomorphine-induced rotational behavior was also reduced in these animals, we propose LGF as a novel factor that, when delivered to the striatum, may be useful in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Footprint: Detecting Sybil Attacks in Urban Vehicular Networks

In urban vehicular networks, where privacy, especially the location privacy of anonymous vehicles is highly concerned, anonymous verification of vehicles is indispensable. Consequently, an attacker who succeeds in forging multiple hostile identifies can easily launch a Sybil attack, gaining a disproportionately large influence. In this paper, we propose a novel Sybil attack detection mechanism, Footprint, using the trajectories of vehicles for identification while still preserving their location privacy. More specifically, when a vehicle approaches a road-side unit (RSU), it actively demands an authorized message from the RSU as the proof of the appearance time at this RSU. We design a location-hidden authorized message generation scheme for two objectives: first, RSU signatures on messages are signer ambiguous so that the RSU location information is concealed from the resulted authorized message; second, two authorized messages signed by the same RSU within the same given period of time (temporarily linkable) are recognizable so that they can be used for identification. With the temporal limitation on the linkability of two authorized messages, authorized messages used for long-term identification are prohibited. With this scheme, vehicles can generate a location-hidden trajectory for location-privacy-preserved identification by collecting a consecutive series of authorized messages. Utilizing social relationship among trajectories according to the similarity definition of two trajectories, Footprint can recognize and therefore dismiss “communities” of Sybil trajectories. Rigorous security analysis and extensive trace-driven simulations demonstrate the efficacy of Footprint.
An integrated 5.2GHz CMOS T/R switch with LC-tuned substrate bias

A 0.56mm/sup 2/ T/R switch in 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS achieves 1.5dB insertion loss, 28dBm P/sub 1cB/, 30dB isolation and 4kV HBM ESD rating. The switch uses an on-chip LC-tuned substrate biasing technique to enhance linearity and allows the LNA and PA to be matched independently. Power dissipation is 30/spl mu/W.
Photometric Effects and Voronoi-Diagrams as a Mixed Model for the Spatial Distribution of Galaxies

We review the model of the Voronoi Diagrams which allows to reproduce the large-scale structures of our universe as given by the astronomical catalogs. The observed number of galaxies in a given solid angle with a chosen flux/magnitude versus the redshift presents a maximum that is a function of the flux/magnitude ; it can be explained by a detailed analysis of the standard luminosity function for galaxies as well by two new luminosity function for galaxies. The current status of the research on the statistics of the Voronoi Diagrams is reviewed.
Diet and the Dietary Niches of the Malagasy Subfossil Lemurs: An Analysis of Dental Microwear, Dental Proportions, and Grit Accumulation

The purpose of this study is to identify the currently supported diet and dietary niches of the Malagasy subfossil and extant lemurs. The study was conducted partially in Tsinjoarivo and Antananarivo, Madagascar in the summer of 2013. Samples were analyzed and microwear determined that the dietary niches were aligned with current literature. Grit accumulation occurs more frequently in disturbed habitats and on lower canopy levels, which suggests that human manipulation of environment can impact the dental microwear of living primates. INDEX WORDS: Subfossil lemurs, Extant lemurs, Dietary reconstruction, Grit accumulation, Dental microwear DIET AND THE DIETARY NICHES OF THE MALAGASY SUBFOSSIL LEMURS: AN ANALYSIS OF DENTAL MICROWEAR, DENTAL PROPORTIONS, AND GRIT ACCUMULATION
Entropy of some CK Metrics to Assess Object-Oriented Software Quality

The term "software entropy" refers to the tendency for software, over time, to become difficult and costly to maintain. A software system that undergoes continuous change, such as having new functionality added to its original design, will eventually become more complex and can become disorganized as it grows, losing its original design structure. A recent study show that software degradation may be measured using the WMC expressed in terms of Shannon entropy. In this paper we extended the empirical analyses also to RFC and CBO since these CK metrics have been shown to be correlated with fault-proneness of OO classes. We analyzed various releases of the publicly available Eclipse and Netbeans software systems, calculating the entropy of some CK metrics for every release analyzed. The validity is shown through a direct measure of software quality such as the number of detected defects. Our results display a very good correlation between the entropy of CBO and RFC and the number of bugs for Eclipse and Netbeans. Complexity and quality metrics are in general computed on every system module while the entropy is just a scalar number that characterizes a whole system, this result suggests that the entropy of some CK metrics could be considered as a global quality metric for large software systems. Our results need, however, to be confirmed for other large software systems.
Applications of Resampling Methods to Estimate the Number of Clusters and to Improve the Accuracy of

The burgeoning eld of genomics, and in particular microarray experiments, have revived interest in both discriminant and cluster analysis, by raising new methodological and computational challenges. The present paper discusses applications of resampling methods to problems in cluster analysis. A resampling method, known as bagging in discriminant analysis, is applied to increase clustering accuracy and to assess the con dence of cluster assignments for individual observations. A novel prediction-based resampling method is also proposed to estimate the number of clusters, if any, in a dataset. The performance of the proposed and existing methods are compared using simulated data and gene expression data from four recently published cancer microarray studies.
The Multidimensional Impact of Islamic Religiosity on Ethno-religious Social Tolerance in the Middle East and North Africa

Abstract:Ethno-religious tolerance is crucial for establishing sustainable democracy, which is scarce in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). This study provides an empirically grounded and nuanced critique of Orientalist studies simply pointing at Islam. It presents a systematic analysis of the impact of religious belonging, belief, and behavior on social tolerance in the MENA, based on 32 uniquely synchronized Arab Barometer and World Values surveys. This study's major contributions are that it (a) provides unique empirical insights into the multifaceted impact of religiosity on social tolerance in the region, (b) develops the 3-Bs approach to a context-sensitive framework, and (c) shows that and explains why Islam has both negative and positive influences. The analyses show (i) that the degree to which people identify with their religion has no negative impact on social tolerance, with exception of the few cases in which Islamist forces hold power; (ii) that under "normal" circumstances orthodox-literalist believers are more tolerant towards others, but less so if they feel repressed or threatened in society (which only holds for a few cases); and (iii) that mosque attendance has a negative impact on ethno-religious social tolerance, and this effect is particularly strong if conservative Islamist states coercively regulate religion and its content, such as communication via sermons. All things considered the multifaceted 3-B approach is found to hold well once the MENA-specific aspects and its diverse society-state-religion relations are incorporated as sources of both possible threats and socialization.
Ordinal Hierarchies and Naming Complexity Classes

The relationship between computational complexity and hierarchies of computable Functions is explored. I t is shown that known results of hierarchy theory have interesting applications to the Blum theory of computational complexity and, conversely, the Blum theory has applications to hierarchy theory. For example, it is shown that the Blum Speed-up Theorem guarantees the existence of nondegenerate hierarchies of computable functions through all the Church-Kleene constructive ordinal numbers without obtaining all total recursive functions in the hierarchy. In the other direction, a theorem of Kreisel and Parikh on the nonuniqueness of hierarchies forces a number of "irregularities" in the McCreight-Meyer notion of "class-determining measured sets. " A variation of the well-known Borodin-Constable Gap Theorem is presented. In toto, still more evidence is presented for the claim originally advanced by Young that it is reasonable to expect an interplay between theories of computational complexity and known results in "pure" reeursion theory.
Capital Structure Choice: Macroeconomic Conditions and Financial Constraints

This paper provides new evidence of how macroeconomic conditions affect capital structure choice. We model firms' target capital structures as a function of macroeconomic conditions and firm-specific variables. We split our sample based on a measure of financial constraints. Target leverage is counter-cyclical for the relatively unconstrained sample, but pro-cyclical for the relatively constrained sample. Macroeconomic conditions are significant for issue choice for unconstrained firms but less so for constrained firms. Our results support the hypothesis that unconstrained firms time their issue choice to coincide with periods of favorable macroeconomic conditions, while constrained firms do not.