Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Smad 3 and PKC mediate TGF-1-induced collagen I expression in human mesangial cells

Runyan, Constance E. , H. William Schnaper, and Anne-Christine Poncelet. Smad3 and PKC mediate TGF1-induced collagen I expression in human mesangial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 285: F413–F422, 2003. First published May 20, 2003; 10.1152/ajprenal.00082. 2003. — Transforming growth factor (TGF)has been associated with fibrogenesis in clinical studies and animal models. We previously showed that Smad3 promotes COL1A2 gene activation by TGF1 in human mesangial cells. In addition to the Smad pathway, it has been suggested that TGF1 could also activate more classical growth factor signaling. Here, we report that protein kinase C (PKC) plays a role in TGF1stimulated collagen I production. In an in vitro kinase assay, TGF1 treatment specifically increased mesangial cell PKC activity in a time-dependent manner. Translocation to the membrane was detected by immunocytochemistry and immunoblot, suggesting activation of PKC by TGF1. Inhibition of PKC by rottlerin decreased basal and TGF1-stimulated collagen I production, mRNA expression, and COL1A2 promoter activity, whereas blockade of conventional PKCs by Gö 6976 had little or no effect. In a Gal4-LUC assay system, inhibition of PKC abolished TGF1-induced transcriptional activity of Gal4-Smad3 and Gal4-Smad4(266–552). Overexpression of Smad3 or Smad3D, in which the three COOHterminal serine phosphoacceptor residues have been mutated, increased activity of the SBE-LUC construct, containing four DNA binding sites for Smad3 and Smad4. This induction was blocked by PKC inhibition, suggesting that rottlerin decreased Smad3 transcriptional activity independently of COOH-terminal serine phosphorylation. Blockade of PKC abolished ligand-independent and ligand-dependent stimulation of COL1A2 promoter activity by Smad3. These data indicate that PKC is activated by TGF1 in human mesangial cells. TGF1-stimulated PKC activity positively regulates Smad transcriptional activity and is required for COL1A2 gene transcription. Thus cross talk among multiple signaling pathways likely contributes to the pathogenesis of glomerular matrix accumulation.
EHL Modeling for Nonhomogeneous Materials: The Effect of Material Inclusions

Inclusions are common in bearing materials and are a primary site for subsurface fatigue crack initiation in rolling element bearings. This paper presents a new approach for computing the pressure, film thickness, and subsurface stresses in an elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) contact when inclusions are present in the elastic half-space. The approach is based on using the discrete element method to determine the surface elastic deformation in the EHL film thickness equation. The model is validated through comparison with the smooth EHL line contact results generated using linear elasticity. Studies are then carried out to investigate the effects of size, location, orientation, and elastic properties of inclusions on the EHL pressure and film thickness profiles. Both inclusions that are stiffer than and/or softer than the base material are seen to have effects on the pressure distribution within the lubricant film and to give rise to stress concentrations. For inclusions that are stiffer than the base material (hard inclusions), the pressure distribution within the lubricant film behaves as though there is a bump on the surface, whereas for inclusions that are less stiff than the base material (soft inclusions), the pressure distribution behaves in a manner similar to that of a dented surface. Inclusions close to the surface cause significant changes in the contact stresses that are very significant considering the stress life relationship. For inclusions that are located deep within the surface, there is little change in the EHL pressure and film thickness.
Gully Slopes and Discharges on Lyot Crater's Central Peak

Introduction: Since the discovery of gullies on some crater slopes and valley walls [1], there have been several hypotheses put forth concerning their origin and formation [2-10]. This study focuses on gullies that are located on the central peak of Lyot crater located in the Northern Plains of Mars (50.4N, 29.3E). The gullies source between 150m and 750m below the top of the central peak. A previous study by Dickson and Head [11] of gullies on topographic highs used MOC images and MOLA profiles to observe several areas where gullies are present, concluding that they were the result of the melting of a snow pack that had been deposited on the topographic high. Here we study well defined gullies present on the central peak of the impact crater Lyot, an Amazonian-aged, multiring impact basin that is 215km in diameter. We use a high-resolution set of stereo images provided by the HiRISE camera on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) to perform a thorough analysis of meter-scale gully features and present a high resolution set of slope profiles. We then use this detailed elevation data to determine discharge estimates for the two major gullies on Lyot’s central peak using methods formulated by Ikeda [12] and Kleinhans [13].
A new hypothesis for the amount and distribution of dextral displacement along the Fish Lake Valley–northern Death Valley–Furnace Creek fault zone, California‐Nevada

The Fish Lake Valley–northern Death Valley–Furnace Creek fault zone, a ~250 km long, predominantly right‐lateral structure in California and Nevada, is a key element in tectonic reconstructions of the Death Valley area, Eastern California Shear Zone and Walker Lane, and central Basin and Range Province. Total displacement on the fault zone is contested, however, with estimates ranging from ~30 to ~63 km or more. Here we present a new synthesis of available constraints. Preextensional thrust faults, folds, and igneous rocks indicate that offset reaches a maximum of ~50 km. Neogene rocks constrain its partitioning over time. Most offset is interpreted as ≤ ~13–10 Ma, accruing at ~3–5 mm/yr in the middle of the fault zone and more slowly toward the tips. The offset markers imply ~68 ± 14 km of translation between the Cottonwood Mountains and Resting Spring–Nopah Range (~60 ± 14 km since ~15 Ma) through a combination of strike slip and crustal extension. This suggests that a previous interpretation of ~104 ± 7 km, based on the middle Miocene Eagle Mountain Formation, is an overestimate by ~50%. Our results also help to mitigate a discrepancy in the ~12–0 Ma strain budget for the Eastern California Shear Zone. Displacement has previously been estimated at ~100 ± 10 km and ~67 ± 6 km for the Basin and Range and Mojave portions of the shear zone, respectively. Our new estimate of ~74 ± 17 km for the Basin and Range is within the uncertainty of the Mojave estimate.
Preparing early childhood preservice teachers for science teaching: aligning across a teacher preparation program

ABSTRACT In early childhood education and early childhood teacher preparation, science is often a challenging academic content area. However, young children are primed for science learning, and early science learning is important for later science achievement. The current study presents an embedded case study of one early childhood teacher preparation program that undertook a process of infusing and aligning science teaching preparation across a curriculum preparing preservice teachers to work with children ranging in age from birth through third grade. Major themes fell into the three categories—motivation for change; the process of improving and aligning across a program; and science attitudes, beliefs, and experiences in the midst of change. Implications are discussed in terms of improving preparation for teaching early science and aligning across courses in early childhood teacher preparation.
3D Human Tracking by Using Shared Latent Dynamical Model

Many state of the arts latent models have been investigated to learn different latent variables with Gaussian processes models (GPs). However, seldom research focus on a shared latent dynamical model (SLDM) of GPs and its application in a high dimensional nonlinear system. In this paper, we propose a shared latent dynamical model, which combines the idea of GPDM with SLS, and give its application in tracking 3D human motion from monocular videos. When tracking high dimensional states, SLDM can map state space and observation space to a shared latent space of low dimensionality with associated dynamics. During off-line training, three mappings, including dynamical mapping in latent space and mappings from the latent space to both state space and observation space, are learned. During online tracking, our approach can be integrated into a Bayesian tracking framework of Condensation, and further a scheme of variance feedback is designed to avoid failed tracking. Experiments in human motion tracking from monocular videos using simulations and real images demonstrate this human tracking method is efficient.
Panel Data Models with Multiple Jump Discontinuities in the Parameters

In recent years, many large panel data models have been developed to make greater use of the information available in such data structures. While a vast literature on structural break change point analysis exists for univariate time series, research on large panel data models has not been as extensive. In this paper, a novel method for estimating panel models with multiple structural changes is proposed. The breaks are allowed to occur at unknown points in time and may affect the multivariate slope parameters individually. Our method is related to the Haar wavelet technique; we adjust it according to the structure of the observed variables in order to detect the change points of the parameters consistently. The asymptotic property of our estimator is established. In our application, we examine the impact of algorithmic trading on standard measures of market quality such as liquidity and volatility over a large time period. We propose to detect jumps in regression slope parameters automatically and to alleviate concerns about ad-hoc subsample selection so as to examine the effect of algorithmic trading on market quality in different market situations. ∗bada@uni-bonn.de †james.n. gualtieri@gmail.com ‡akneip@uni-bonn.de §rsickles@rice.edu
The genus Paederus s . str . Fabricius 1775 is one of very diverse and large groups in the rove beetle subfamily Paederinae ( Coleoptera : Staphylinidae )

The subgenus Eopaederus Scheerpeltz 1957 belongs to the genus Paederus sensu stricto (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) and exhibits a wide geographical distribution from the far east of Asia through West Europe. In this paper, we describe two new species: Paederus (Eopaederus) noncurvatus n. sp. and P. (E.) curvatus n. sp. from Hubei in the middle of China. The species P. (E.) basiventris Bernhauer 1933 is resurrected to a valid species and not anymore a synonym of P. (E.) nigricornis Bernhauer 1911. Other two species, P. (E.) birmanus Fauvel 1895 and P. (E.) alternans Walker 1858 are designed to the subgenus Eopaederus based on the materials collected respectively from Yunnan and Hainan, South China, whereas the former P. (E.) birmanus Fauvel 1895 is the fi rsttime-record species to the Chinese fauna. A key to nine Chinese species is presented. Zoogeographic analyses show that the subgenus track can be divided into three parts (namely Asia, Middle East and Europe) and each one possesses its own endemic species. Likewise, endemic species ranges can also designed as Europe type, Middle East type, or South and East Asia type. Along the south boundary of Himalayas (Qinghai-Tibet Plateau) through South China, species richness and endemism are obviously higher than in other regions. Résumé. Taxonomie et biogéographie du genre Paederus Fabricius, sous-genre Eopaederus (Coleoptera : Staphylinidae : Paederinae) de Chine. Le sous-genre Eopaederus Scheerpeltz 1957 appartient au genre Paederus sensu stricto (Coleoptera : Staphylinidae : Paederinae) et présente une vaste répartition géographique depuis l’Extrême-Orient jusqu’en Europe Occidentale. Dans cet article, nous décrivons deux nouvelles espèces : Paederus (Eopaederus) noncurvatus n. sp. et P. (E.) curvatus n. sp. du Hubei, au centre de la Chine. L’espèce P. (E.) basiventris Bernhauer 1933 est restaurée comme espèce valide et non plus comme un simple synonyme de P. (E.) nigricornis Bernhauer 1911. Deux autres spèces, P. (E.) birmanus Fauvel 1895 et P. (E.) alternans Walker 1858, sont assignées au sous-genre Eopaederus sur la base de matériel, respectivement, du Yunnan et du Hainan, au sud de la Chine. P. (E.) birmanus Fauvel 1895 est signalé pour la première fois de la faune de Chine. Une clé des 9 espèces de Chine est présentée. L’analyse zoogéographique montre que la route du sous-genre peut être subdivisée en 3 parties, qui correspondent à l’Asie, au Moyen-Orient et à l’Europe, avec chaque fois des espèces endémiques. On peut donc distinguer des espèces de type européen, de type moyen-oriental et de type sudet est-asiatique. Tout le long de la limite sud de l’Himalaya (plateau du Qinghai-Tibet) jusqu’au sud de la Chine, la richesse en espèces et l’endémisme sont de toute évidence plus élevés que dans d’autres régions.
The Influence of Self-Efficacy, Optimism, Hope and Resilience on Work Engagement: Role of Perceived Organizational Support as Mediator

A bs t r act Lecturers have a significant influence on the process of quality development in higher education institutions, namely in fulfilling the targets of national education (enhancing intellectual capacity of the nation and developing civilized people). They can contribute to higher education institutions provided that they maintain effective efforts (in terms of quantity and direction), good attitudes, motivation to work and are supported by their institutions. Hence, it is crucial for lecturers to recognize their responsibility and performance, as well as measure their efforts according to the indicator of success. One way to improve organizational performance is by identifying the extent of lecturers’ work engagement. Several studies have examined such components of work engagement as self-efficacy, optimism, hope and resilience. The present study aims to consider several psychological constructs related to self-efficacy, optimism, hope, and resilience which influence work engagement, using a mediator variable of perceived organizational support on lecturers of public higher education institutions in Surakarta. Samples include 393 lecturers of Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the application of Lisrel 8.70 program. The analysis results indicate that 1) the model is considered fit, 2) there is a significant influence of self-efficacy, optimism, hope and resilience on lecturers’ work engagement, and 3) perceived organization support is a good mediator to connect the variables. Keywords: work engagement, perceived organizational support, self-efficacy, optimism, hope, and resilience
Individualism, Collectivism, and Opportunism: A Cultural Perspective on Transaction Cost Economics

Researchers criticize the transaction cost economics (TCE) paradigm for over-generalizing the assumption of opportunism as human nature. We suggest that opportunistic propensity is affected by cultural prior conditioning of individualism-collectivism (I-C). Specifically, we propose that individualists have a higher opportunistic propensity in intra-group transactions, and collectivists in inter-group transactions. Our cultural specification of opportunism helps TCE to more effectively accommodate some criticisms and more realistically deal with problems of economic organization in today’s global economy.
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors in Northeastern Iran: 46 Cases During 2003-2012

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. They are usually C-kit positive and seen slightly more common in men. These tumors are seen in the GI tract from the esophagus to the anus with occasional invasion or metastasis. METHODS In this retrospective study, we evaluated the prevalence of c-kit positive stromal tumors of the GI tract based on age, site of involvement, size of tumor, local invasion, and Immunohistochemical markers. The study was conducted in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in Iran during 2003-2012. RESULTS Of the total 46 patients, 18 (39.1%) were men and 28(60.9%) were women with a mean age of 58.07 years (range: 18-93). Common sites of tumor were stomach, small intestine, esophagus and rectum, respectively. The number of mitoses per 50 HPF varied between zero and 160 mitoses. Overall, 23 cases had 5 mitoses 50/HPF (50%) and 23 tumors expressed <5 mitoses/50 HPF (50%). Local invasion and metastasis were observed in seven cases with extension to liver, pancreas, pregastric tissue, omentum, mesentery and appendix. Positive reaction for CD34, S100, actin and desmin was seen in 47.8%, 13%, 21.7%, and 4.3% of the patients, respectively. CONCLUSION Most patients were women. The prevalence of tumors in the esophagus was higher than the rectum. Invasion and metastasis did not correlate with mitotic rate, site and size of tumor. We suggest evaluation of genetic, racial and geographical or other unknown risk factors.
Run-time adaptable on-chip thermal triggers

With ever-increasing power densities, Dynamic Thermal Management (DTM) techniques have become mainstream in today's systems. An important component of such techniques is the thermal trigger. It has been shown that predictive thermal triggers can outperform reactive ones [4]. In this paper, we present a novel trade-off space of predictive thermal triggers, and compare different approaches proposed in the literature. We argue that run-time adaptability is a crucial parameter of interest. We present a run-time adaptable thermal simulator compatible with arbitrary sensor configuration based on the Neural Network (NN) simulator presented in [14]. We present experimental results on Niagara UltraSPARC T1 chip with real-life benchmark applications. Our results quantitatively establish the effectiveness of the proposed simulator for reducing (by up to 90%), the otherwise unacceptably high errors, that can arise due to expected leakage current variation and design-time thermal modeling errors.
Explanation in Information Systems

Abstract. Explanation of observed phenomena is a major objective of both those who conduct and those who apply research in information systems (IS). Whereas explanation based on the statistical relationship between independent and dependent variables is a common outcome of explanatory IS research, philosophers of science disagree about whether statistical relationships are the sole basis for the explanation of phenomena. The purpose of this paper is to introduce an expanded concept of explanation into the realm of IS research. We present a framework based on the four principle explanation types defined in modern philosophy: covering‐law explanation, statistical‐relevance explanation, contrast‐class explanation and functional explanation. A well‐established research stream, media richness, is used to illustrate how the different explanation types complement each other in increasing comprehension of the phenomenon. This framework underlies our argument that explanatory pluralism can be used to broaden research perspectives and increase scientific comprehension of IS phenomena above and beyond the methodological and ontological pluralism currently in use in IS research.
Management of gingival recession with acellular dermal matrix graft: A clinical study

Aims and Objectives: Obtaining root coverage has become an important part of periodontal therapy. The aims of this studyare to evaluate the clinical efficacy of acellular dermal matrix graft in the coverage of denuded roots and also to examine the change in the width of keratinized gingiva. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 sites with more than or equal to 2 mm of recession depth were taken into the study, for treatment with acellular dermal matrix graft. The clinical parameters such as recession depth, recession width, width of keratinized gingiva, probing pocket depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured at the baseline, 8th week, and at the end of the study (16th week). The defects were treated with a coronally positioned pedicle graft combined with acellular dermal matrix graft. Results: Out of 20 sites treated with acellular dermal matrix graft, seven sites showed complete root coverage (100%), and the mean root coverage obtained was 73.39%. There was a statistically significant reduction in recession depth, recession width, and probing PD. There was also a statistically significant increase in width of keratinized gingiva and also gain in CAL. The postoperative results were both clinically and statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The results of this study were esthetically acceptable to the patients and clinically acceptable in all cases. From this study, it may be concluded that acellular dermal matrix graft is an excellent substitute for autogenous graft in coverage of denuded roots.
Spatially Resolved Study of Backscattering in the Quantum Spin Hall State

The discovery of the Quantum Spin Hall state, and topological insulators in general, has sparked strong experimental efforts. Transport studies of the Quantum Spin Hall state confirmed the presence of edge states, showed ballistic edge transport in micron-sized samples and demonstrated the spin polarization of the helical edge states. While these experiments have confirmed the broad theoretical model, the properties of the QSH edge states have not yet been investigated on a local scale. Using Scanning Gate Microscopy to perturb the QSH edge states on a sub-micron scale, we identify well-localized scattering sites which likely limit the expected non-dissipative transport in the helical edge channels. In the micron-sized regions between the scattering sites, the edge states appear to propagate unperturbed as expected for an ideal QSH system and are found to be robust against weak induced potential fluctuations.
Generalised form of a conjecture of Jacquet and a local consequence

Abstract Following the work of Harris and Kudla, we prove a general form of a conjecture of Jacquet relating the non-vanishing of a certain period integral to non-vanishing of the central critical value of a certain L-function. As a consequence, we deduce a theorem relating the existence of GL 2 (K) -invariant linear forms on irreducible, admissible representations of GL 2() for a commutative semi-simple cubic algebra over a non-archimedean local field k in terms of local epsilon factors which was proved only in some cases by the first author in his earlier work in [D. Prasad, Invariant forms for representations of GL 2 over a local field, Amer. J. Math. 114 (1992), no. 6, 1317–1363. ]. This has been achieved by globalising a locally distinguished supercuspidal representation to a globally distinguished representation, a result of independent interest which is proved by an application of the relative trace formula.