Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Childhood Adversity on the Clinical Features of Schizophrenia

Introduction. Recent research has drawn attention to the link between childhood maltreatment and schizophrenia. Child abuse and neglect may have an impact on symptoms and physical health in these patients. This association has not been studied to date in India. Materials and Methods. Clinically stable patients with schizophrenia (n = 62) were assessed for childhood adversity using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. The association of specific forms of adversity with symptomatology and associated variables was examined. Results. Emotional abuse was reported by 56.5% patients and physical abuse by 33.9%; scores for childhood neglect were also high. Persecutory delusions were linked to physical abuse, while anxiety was linked to emotional neglect and depression to emotional abuse and childhood neglect. Physical abuse was linked to elevated systolic blood pressure, while emotional abuse and neglect in women were linked to being overweight. Conclusions. Childhood adversity is common in schizophrenia and appears to be associated with a specific symptom profile. Certain components of the metabolic syndrome also appear to be related to childhood adversity. These results are subject to certain limitations as they are derived from remitted patients, and no control group was used for measures of childhood adversity.
Electromagnetic tunneling through epsilon-Negative Waveguide Paired with mu-negative waveguide

Electromagnetic (EM) wave tunneling through an epsilon-negative (ENG) waveguide has been realized when it paired with mu-negative (MNG) waveguide. The ENG waveguide is imitated by a hollow metallic waveguide which operating below cutoff frequency. The MNG waveguide is implemented by standard waveguide filled with square split resonate rings (SSRRs). The dimensions of the MNG waveguide differ from the ENG and it is in the propagate state at the tunneling frequency. This phenomenon is simulated by CST Microwave Studio and then verified by the microwave experiments. They are in excellent agreement. This structure may have important potential application in sub-wavelength high power filter.
Daclatasvir with sofosbuvir and ribavirin for hepatitis C virus infection with advanced cirrhosis or post‐liver transplantation recurrence

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with advanced cirrhosis or post‐liver transplantation recurrence represents a high unmet medical need with no approved therapies effective across all HCV genotypes. The open‐label ALLY‐1 study assessed the safety and efficacy of a 60‐mg once‐daily dosage of daclatasvir (pan‐genotypic NS5A inhibitor) in combination with sofosbuvir at 400 mg once daily (NS5B inhibitor) and ribavirin at 600 mg/day for 12 weeks with a 24‐week follow‐up in two cohorts of patients with chronic HCV infection of any genotype and either compensated/decompensated cirrhosis or posttransplantation recurrence. Patients with on‐treatment transplantation were eligible to receive 12 additional weeks of treatment immediately after transplantation. The primary efficacy measure was sustained virologic response at posttreatment week 12 (SVR12) in patients with a genotype 1 infection in each cohort. Sixty patients with advanced cirrhosis and 53 with posttransplantation recurrence were enrolled; HCV genotypes 1 (76%), 2, 3, 4, and 6 were represented. Child‐Pugh classifications in the advanced cirrhosis cohort were 20% A, 53% B, and 27% C. In patients with cirrhosis, 82% (95% confidence interval [CI], 67.9%‐92.0%) with genotype 1 infection achieved SVR12, whereas the corresponding rates in those with genotypes 2, 3, and 4 were 80%, 83%, and 100%, respectively; SVR12 rates were higher in patients with Child‐Pugh class A or B, 93%, versus class C, 56%. In transplant recipients, SVR12 was achieved by 95% (95% CI, 83.5%‐99.4%) and 91% of patients with genotype 1 and 3 infection, respectively. Three patients received peritransplantation treatment with minimal dose interruption and achieved SVR12. There were no treatment‐related serious adverse events. Conclusion: The pan‐genotypic combination of daclatasvir, sofosbuvir, and ribavirin was safe and well tolerated. High SVR rates across multiple HCV genotypes were achieved by patients with post‐liver transplantation recurrence or advanced cirrhosis. (Hepatology 2016;63:1493‐1505)
Recoverable one-dimensional encoding of three-dimensional protein structures

One-dimensional (1D) structures of proteins such as secondary structure and contact number provide intuitive pictures to understand how the native three-dimensional (3D) structure of a protein is encoded in the amino acid sequence. However, it is still not clear whether a given set of 1D structures contains sufficient information for recovering the underlying 3D structure. Here we show that the 3D structure of a protein can be recovered from a set of three types of 1D structures, namely, secondary structure, contact number and residue-wise contact order which is introduced here for the first time. Using simulated annealing molecular dynamics simulations, the structures satisfying the given native 1D structural restraints were sought for 16 proteins of various structural classes and of sizes ranging from 56 to 146 residues. By selecting the structures best satisfying the restraints, all the proteins showed a coordinate RMS deviation of <4 A from the native structure, and, for most of them, the deviation was even <2 A. The present result opens a new possibility to protein structure prediction and our understanding of the sequence-structure relationship.
Functional interaction between the POU domain protein Tst-1/Oct-6 and the high-mobility-group protein HMG-I/Y

The POU domain protein Tst-1/Oct-6 is a transcriptional activator of human papovavirus JC virus in transient transfections. Because of its endogenous expression in myelinating glia, Tst-1/Oct-6 might also be an important determinant for the glia specificity of JC virus in vivo. Activation of viral early and late genes depends on the ability of Tst-1/Oct-6 to interact with an AT-rich element within the viral regulatory region. Here, we show that this element not only is bound by Tst-1/Oct-6 but, in addition, serves as a binding site for the high-mobility-group protein HMG-I/Y. In the presence of HMG-I/Y, Tst-1/Oct-6 exhibited an increased affinity for this AT-rich element. The specificity of this effect was evident from the fact that no stimulation of Tst-1/Oct-6 binding was observed on a site that did not allow binding of HMG-I/Y. In addition, both proteins interacted with each other in solution. Direct contacts were identified between the POU domain of Tst-1/Oct-6 and a short stretch of 10 amino acids in the central portion of HMG-I/Y. These results point to an accessory role for HMG-I/Y in the activation of JC viral gene expression by the POU domain protein Tst-1/Oct-6. In agreement with such a role, HMG-Y synergistically supported the function of Tst-1/Oct-6 in transient transfections, measured on the early promoter of JC virus or on an artificial promoter consisting of only a TATA box and the common binding element for Tst-1 and HMG-I/Y.
Self-efficacy beliefs of at-risk students in Malaysian Secondary Schools.

Self-efficacy beliefs determine how people feel, think, motivate themselves and behave. A strong sense of efficacy enhances human accomplishment and personal well being in many ways. Selfefficacy is defined as people’s beliefs about their capabilities to produce designated levels of performance which have influence over events that affect their lives (Bandura, 1994). A study was conducted on 688 Form Four students from 25 at risk schools located in 5 zones in Malaysia, to examine their self-efficacy beliefs in learning mathematics and English Language. Findings showed that the at risk students have low self-efficacy in Mathematics and English Language. Positive and significant correlations were found between self-efficacy in mathematics and English with achievemnet in the Lower Secondary Examination. Female students were found to have higher self-efficacy beliefs in English Language and mathematics compared to males. The implications of the findings are discussed in terms of learning opportunities for at risk students.
Clouds and Chemistry: Ultracool Dwarf Atmospheric Properties from Optical and Infrared Colors

The optical and infrared colors of L and T dwarfs are sensitive to cloud sedimentation and chemical equilibrium processes in their atmospheres. The i′-z′ versus J-K color-color diagram provides a window into diverse atmospheric processes mainly because different chemical processes govern each color, and cloud opacity largely affects J-K but not i′-z′. Using theoretical atmosphere models that include for the first time a self-consistent treatment of cloud formation, we present an interpretation of the i′-z′ versus J-K color trends of known L and T dwarfs. We find that the i′-z′ color is extremely sensitive to chemical equilibrium assumptions; chemical equilibrium models accounting for cloud sedimentation predict redder i′-z′ colors—by up to 2 mag—than models that neglect sedimentation. We explore the previously known J-K color trends in which objects first become redder, then bluer with decreasing effective temperature. Only models that include sedimentation of condensates are able to reproduce these trends. We find that the exact track of a cooling brown dwarf in J-K (and i′-z′) is very sensitive to the details of clouds, in particular to the efficiency of sedimentation of condensates in its atmosphere. We also find that clouds still affect the strength of the J-, H-, and K-band fluxes of even the coolest T dwarfs. In addition, we predict the locus in the i′-z′ versus J-K color-color diagram of brown dwarfs cooler than yet discovered.
A new concept for macromolecular therapeutics in cancer chemotherapy: mechanism of tumoritropic accumulation of proteins and the antitumor agent smancs.

We previously found that a polymer conjugated to the anticancer protein neocarzinostatin, named smancs, accumulated more in tumor tissues than did neocarzinostatin. To determine the general mechanism of this tumoritropic accumulation of smancs and other proteins, we used radioactive (51Cr-labeled) proteins of various molecular sizes (Mr 12,000 to 160,000) and other properties. In addition, we used dye-complexed serum albumin to visualize the accumulation in tumors of tumor-bearing mice. Many proteins progressively accumulated in the tumor tissues of these mice, and a ratio of the protein concentration in the tumor to that in the blood of 5 was obtained within 19 to 72 h. A large protein like immunoglobulin G required a longer time to reach this value of 5. The protein concentration ratio in the tumor to that in the blood of neither 1 nor 5 was achieved with neocarzinostatin, a representative of a small protein (Mr 12,000) in all time. We speculate that the tumoritropic accumulation of these proteins resulted because of the hypervasculature, an enhanced permeability to even macromolecules, and little recovery through either blood vessels or lymphatic vessels. This accumulation of macromolecules in the tumor was also found after i.v. injection of an albumin-dye complex (Mr 69,000), as well as after injection into normal and tumor tissues. The complex was retained only by tumor tissue for prolonged periods. There was little lymphatic recovery of macromolecules from tumor tissue. The present finding is of potential value in macromolecular tumor therapeutics and diagnosis.
X-ray observation of the structural phase transition of aluminum nitride under high pressure.

The III-V compound AlN has been studied under pressure to 30 GPa by x-ray diffraction in a diamond-anvil cell. At 22.9 GPa the wurtzite-to-rocksalt phase transition takes place, accompanied by a volume reduction of 17.9%. The structure of the high-pressure phase and the amount of volume reduction are in agreement with a recent calculation of Gorczyca et al. [Solid State Commun. 79, 1033 (1991)]. On the other hand, the bulk modulus of the wurtzite phase (${\mathit{B}}_{0}$=207.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}6.2 GPa) agrees well with a calculation of Ching and Harman [Phys. Rev. B 34, 5305 (1986)]. The axial ratio c/a in the wurtzite phase monotonically decreases wtih increasing pressure from the atmospheric value of 1.60.
Issues in Special Education Teacher Recruitment, Retention, and Professional Development: Considerations in Supporting Rural Teachers

This study sought to obtain a current picture of special education teacher recruitment and retention in rural districts and to understand the professional development needs of rural special educators. Surveys, administered through telephone interviews with a national sample of special education administrators and teachers, confirmed the difficulties in hiring appropriately qualified teachers. Additional demands of the position may place teachers at risk for attrition. The authors identified important areas of professional development to support rural teachers in their positions: (a) working with paraprofessionals and parents, (b) low-incidence disabilities, (c) emotional and behavior disorders, (d) classroom management, (e) skills in collaboration and inclusive practices, and (f) curriculum content.
Are Two Heads Better Than One or Do Too Many Cooks Spoil the Broth? The Trade-Off between Physician Division of Labor and Patient Continuity of Care for Older Adults with Complex Chronic Conditions.

OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of physician division of labor and patient continuity of care (COC) on the care quality and outcomes of older adults with complex chronic conditions. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING Seven years (2006-2012) of panel data from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS). STUDY DESIGN Regression models were used to estimate the effect of the specialty-type of physicians involved in annual patient evaluation and management, as well as patient COC, on simultaneous care processes and following year outcomes. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS Multiyear cohorts of Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes and/or heart failure were retrospectively identified to create a panel of 15,389 person-year observations. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Involvement of both primary care physicians and disease-relevant specialists is associated with better compliance with process-of-care guidelines, but patients seeing disease-relevant specialists also receive more repeat cardiac imaging (p < .05). Patient COC is associated with less repeat cardiac imaging and compliance with some recommended care processes (p < .05), but the effects are small. Receiving care from a disease-relevant specialist is associated with lower rates of following year functional impairment, institutionalization in long-term care, and ambulatory care sensitive hospitalization (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Annual involvement of disease-relevant specialists in the care of beneficiaries with complex chronic conditions leads to more resource use but has a beneficial effect on outcomes.
Including Assistive Technology in Teacher Preparation: Exploring One Approach

Assistive Technology (AT) is specifically addressed in the most recent reauthorization of IDEA, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (2004). The law insures that assistive devices and services are available for students with disabilities to help them access their environment at home, school, and in the work place. Therefore, it is important that teacher preparation programs in higher education establish required components for including AT in their programs of study. To explore one approach to meeting this need, an AT module was developed and implemented with pre-service teachers at a southwestern university during their student teaching semester. The goals of the study were to determine (a) prior knowledge of pre-service teachers in the area of assistive technology, (b) the effectiveness of an AT Module presented during one student teaching seminar session, and (c) the impact of the AT module on classroom practice after the seminar. Based on survey responses and in-class discussions, the impact of the information provided in the module was found to be positive. Pre-service teachers felt that they were better prepared and more confident as a result of knowledge gained about AT concepts, resources, and applications.
Dermal Ultrastructure in Low Beighton Score Members of 17 Families with Hypermobile-Type Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

The distinction between the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome hypermobile type (EDSH) and the benign joint hypermobility syndrome (BJHS) is unclear. The aim of the present study was to compare skin ultrastructural abnormalities of EDSH and BJHS among different families. Skin of 23 EDSH, 27 BJHS, and 41 asymptomatic subjects from 17 families was examined using transmission electron microscopy. Similar ultrastructural abnormalities were found irrespective of the Beighton score. Flower-like collagen fibrils represented the key change and elastic fibers were altered as well. Beighton score is a clinical parameter rating joint mobility that appeared unrelated to quantitative and qualitative collagen ultrastructural alterations in the skin. Some EDSH family members fit with BJHS diagnosis. BJHS possibly represents a mild variant of EDSH.
Questioning Query Expansion: An Examination of Behaviour and Parameters

In information retrieval, queries can fail to find documents due to mismatch in terminology. Query expansion is a well-known technique addressing this problem, where additional query terms are automatically chosen from highly ranked documents, and it has been shown to be effective at improving query performance. However, current techniques for query expansion use fixed values for key parameters, determined by tuning on test collections. In this paper we show that these parameters may not be generally applicable, and more significantly that the assumption that the same parameter settings can be used for all queries is invalid. Using detailed experiments with two test collections, we demonstrate that new methods for choosing parameters must be found. However, our experiments also demonstrate that there is considerable further scope for improvement to effectiveness through better query expansion.
An introduction to quantum computing for non-physicists

Richard Feynman's observation that certain quantum mechanical effects cannot be simulated efficiently on a computer led to speculation that computation in general could be done more efficiently if it used these quantum effects. This speculation proved justified when Peter Shor described a polynomial time quantum algorithm for factoring intergers. In quantum systems, the computational space increases exponentially with the size of the system, which enables exponential parallelism. This parallelism could lead to exponentially faster quantum algorithms than possible classically. The catch is that accessing the results, which requires measurement, proves tricky and requires new nontraditional programming techniques. The aim of this paper is to guide computer scientists through the barriers that separate quantum computing from conventional computing. We introduce basic principles of quantum mechanics to explain where the power of quantum computers comes from and why it is difficult to harness. We describe quantum cryptography, teleportation, and dense coding. Various approaches to exploiting the power of quantum parallelism are explained. We conclude with a discussion of quantum error correction.
CAS/Crk signalling mediates uptake of Yersinia into human epithelial cells

Uptake of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis into mammalian cells involves engagement of β1 integrin receptors by the bacterial protein invasin. This triggers a host response that involves tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins and the induction of actin rearrangements that lead to cellular uptake of bacteria. In this report, we show that the focal adhesion protein CAS plays an important role in Yersinia uptake, and that its function is linked to the phosphorylation‐dependent interaction between CAS and Crk. These studies demonstrate that Yersinia binding to host cell receptors initiates a cascade of events involving tyrosine phosphorylation of CAS, subsequent formation of functional CAS–Crk complexes and the activity of the small GTP‐binding protein Rac1. The delineation of this pathway lends support for a model in which Yersinia uptake into human epithelial cells is dependent upon aspects of host signalling pathways that govern actin cytoskeleton remodelling and cell migration.
Validity of Hamilton depression inventory in Parkinson's disease

Studies investigating the assessment of depression in Parkinson's disease (PD) are limited. We examined the concurrent validity and the internal consistency of the Hamilton Depression Inventory (HDI) and compared it to the Hamilton and Geriatric Depression Scales. PD patients (n = 79) were recruited from neurology clinics. Diagnosis of depressive disorder was made according to DSM‐IV criteria. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to calculate sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. The HDI exhibited an optimal cutoff for discriminating between depressed and nondepressed PD patients of 13.5/14.0 and is a valid instrument to use in the setting of PD. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Algorithm 906

A three-dimensional automatic cubature routine, called elrint3d, is described and numerical results are presented that demonstrate its applicability across a wide range of domains and integrand types. The underlying algorithm is based on a 2s-copy lattice augmentation sequence, the seed lattice for which has been determined by exhaustive search based on optimization of index of merit and trigonometric degree of precision.
Different Associations of CD45 Isoforms with STAT3, PKC and ERK Regulate IL-6-Induced Proliferation in Myeloma

In response to interleukin 6 (IL-6) stimulation, both CD45RO and CD45RB, but not CD45RA, translocate to lipid rafts. However, the significance of this distinct translocation and the downstream signals in CD45 isoforms-participated IL-6 signal are not well understood. Using sucrose fractionation, we found that phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 and STAT1 were mainly localized in lipid rafts in response to IL-6 stimulation, despite both STAT3 and STAT1 localizing in raft and non-raft fractions in the presence or absence of IL-6. On the other hand, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and phosphorylated ERK were localized in non-raft fractions regardless of the existence of IL-6. The rafts inhibitor significantly impeded the phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT1 and nuclear translocation, but had little effect on (and only postponing) the phosphorylation of ERK. This data suggests that lipid raft-dependent STAT3 and STAT1 pathways are dominant pathways of IL-6 signal in myeloma cells. Interestingly, the phosphorylation level of STAT3 but not STAT1 in CD45+ cells was significantly higher compared to that of CD45- cells, while the phosphorylation level of ERK in CD45+ myeloma cells was relatively low. Furthermore, exogenously expressed CD45RO/RB significantly enhanced STAT3, protein kinase C (PKC) and downstream NF-κB activation; however, CD45RA/RB inhibited IL-6-induced ERK phosphorylation. CD45 also enhanced the nuclear localization of STAT3 but not that of STAT1. In response to IL-6 stimulation, CD45RO moved into raft compartments and formed a complex with STAT3 and PKC in raft fraction, while CD45RA remained outside of lipid rafts and formed a complex with ERK in non-raft fraction. This data suggests a different role of CD45 isoforms in IL-6-induced signaling, indicating that while CD45RA/RB seems inhibit the rafts-unrelated ERK pathway, CD45RO/RB may actually work to enhance the rafts-related STAT3 and PKC/NF-κB pathways.