Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Child, The Family And The Outside World

* Introduction Mother And Child * A Man Looks at Motherhood * Getting to Know Your Baby * The Baby as a Going Concern * Infant Feeding * Where the Food Goes * The End of the Digestive Process * Close-up of Mother Feeding Baby * Breast Feeding * Why Do Babies Cry? * The World in Small Doses * The Baby as a Person * Weaning * Further Thoughts on Babies as Persons * The Innate Morality of the Baby * Instincts and Normal Difficulties * Young Children and Other People The Family * What About Father? * Their Standards and Yours * What Do We Mean by a Normal Child? * The Only Child * Twins * Why Children Play * The Child and Sex * Stealing and Telling Lies * First Experiments in Independence * Support for Normal Parents The Outside World * Needs of the Under-Fives * Mother, Teacher, and the Childs Needs * On Influencing and Being Influenced * Educational Diagnosis * Shyness and Nervous Disorders in Children * Sex Education in Schools * Visiting Children in Hospital * Aspects of Juvenile Delinquency * Roots of Aggression
Media richness, user trust, and perceptions of corporate social responsibility: An experimental investigation of visual web site disclosures

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the presentation medium of corporate social and environmental web site disclosure has an impact on user trust in such disclosure, and to examine the effect of media richness on user perception about corporate social and environmental responsibility. Design/methodology/approach - The paper's methodology is a three-by-two between-subjects design experiment, manipulating presentation medium and industry type. Participants viewed social and environmental web site disclosures and completed and communicated their perceptions of trust and the experimental companies' corporate social responsibility. Findings - The presentation medium richness of social and environmental web site disclosures is positively associated with: trusting intentions, but not trusting beliefs, of web site users; and user perception of corporate social and environmental responsibility. Research limitations/implications - As with all controlled experiments, the research design focused on internal validity to maintain control over the task design, manipulation, and measurement of variables. While this required trade-offs with external validity, the task was designed based on real-world scenarios to maintain high levels of external validity within the experimental setting. Practical implications - The paper provides evidence that corporations could use enhanced web-based technology to potentially mislead users regarding their performance in the social domain. Originality/value - The paper extends the visual disclosure literature by examining the richness of the image/visual media, and investigates whether user perceptions are impacted by the variations in its richness.
Contribution of Lewy body inclusions to dementia in patients with and without Alzheimer disease neuropathological conditions.

CONTEXT Lewy bodies (LBs) are intraneuronal inclusions in the brain that have been increasingly recognized as neuropathological lesions with relevance not only to Parkinson disease but also to Alzheimer disease. However, the degree to which the density of LBs in the brain contributes to the severity of dementia has not been clear. OBJECTIVE To determine the degree to which LB "burden" contributes to dementia. DESIGN Brain specimens were examined from 273 consecutive autopsies of elderly subjects residing in a nursing home. The numbers and densities of LBs were determined in multiple brain regions, and their correlation with a measure of cognition and functional status (Clinical Dementia Rating) during the 6 months preceding death was determined. SETTING AND PATIENTS Postmortem study of nursing home residents. RESULTS The severity of dementia correlated significantly and positively with the density of LBs. These correlations were independent of other neuropathological disorders commonly associated with dementia, including Alzheimer disease. The density of LBs correlated significantly with dementia severity whether or not the diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer disease were met and after the contribution of classical Alzheimer disease lesions, neuritic plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles had been accounted for by partial correlation analysis. CONCLUSION Lewy body inclusions appear to contribute significantly to cognitive deficits in the elderly in a manner that is independent of other neuropathological disorders. Arch Neurol. 2000;57:1145-1150
Testing Molecular-Cloud Fragmentation Theories: Self-Consistent Analysis of OH Zeeman Observations

The ambipolar-diffusion theory of star formation predicts the formation of fragments in molecular clouds with mass-to-flux ratios greater than that of the parent-cloud envelope. By contrast, scenarios of turbulence-induced fragmentation do not yield such a robust prediction. Based on this property, Crutcher et al. (2009) proposed an observational test that could potentially discriminate between fragmentation theories. However, the analysis applied to the data severely restricts the discriminative power of the test: the authors conclude that they can only constrain what they refer to as the "idealized" ambipolar-diffusion theory that assumes initially straight-parallel magnetic field lines in the parent cloud. We present an original, self-consistent analysis of the same data taking into account the nonuniformity of the magnetic field in the cloud envelopes, which is suggested by the data themselves, and we discuss important geometrical effects that must be accounted for in using this test. We show quantitatively that the quality of current data does not allow for a strong conclusion about any fragmentation theory. Given the discriminative potential of the test, we urge for more and better-quality data.
Paraimmunoblastic Variant of Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma/Leukemia

We report 16 cases of a distinctive, biologically aggressive variant of small lymphocytic lymphoma/leukemia (SLL/L) that is characterized by the diffuse proliferation of cells normally comprising the pseudoproliferation centers (so-called paraimmunoblasts). Demographically, the patients differed in no significant regard from patients with SLL/L of usual type. Rapidly progressive, generalized lymphadenopathy was the dominant clinical finding in 15 of the 16 patients; one patient presented with symptoms related to lymphomatous involvement of the stomach and regional lymph nodes. Splenomegaly was observed in five patients. Seven patients, two of whom had a history of indolent-phase chronic lymphocytic leukemia, had an absolute lymphocytosis at diagnosis. In most patients, bone marrow involvement was noted at diagnosis. It consisted predominantly of small lymphocytic infiltrates indistinguishable from those observed in SLL/L of usual type; significant paraimmunoblastic infiltration was infrequent and generally occurred late in the disease course. Immunohistochemical and cytogenetic study further substantiated the hypothesized relationship of these cases to SLL/L. Findings included (a) coexpression of slg and Leu-l antigen in the majority of cases and (b) the presence of a t(ll;14) (ql3;q32) chromosome translocation in two of three cases with analyzable metaphases. Although treatment protocols were not uniform, follow-up data indicated an accelerated clinical course. Eleven patients have died of their disease between 3 and 39 months after diagnosis; the median survival was 28 months.
Prenatal Depression and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Pregnant Women in Bangalore: A Hospital Based Prevalence Study

Background: Depression is the commonest psychological problem that affects a woman during her perinatal period worldwide. The risk of prenatal depression increases as the pregnancy progresses and clinically significant depressive symptoms are common in the mid and late trimester. There is a paucity of research on depression during the prenatal period in India. Given this background, the present study aimed to assess the prevalence of prenatal depression and its associated risk factors among pregnant women in Bangalore, Southern India. Methods: The study was nested within an on-going cohort study. The study participants included 280 pregnant women who were attending the antenatal clinic at Jaya Nagar General Hospital (Sanjay Gandhi Hospital) in Bangalore. The data was collected by using a structured questionnaire which included. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to screen for prenatal depression. Results: The proportion of respondents who screened positive for prenatal depression was 35.7%. Presence of domestic violence was found to impose a five times higher and highly significant risk of developing prenatal depression among the respondents. Pregnancy related anxiety and a recent history of catastrophic events were also found to be a positive predictors of prenatal depression. Conclusion: The high prevalence of prenatal depression in the present study is suggestive of its significance as a public health problem. Health care plans therefore can include screening and diagnosis of prenatal depression in the antenatal care along with other health care facilities provided.
Do Gender Stereotypes Reduce Girls&Apos; Human Capital Outcomes? Evidence from a Natural Experiment

Schools and teachers are often said to be a source of stereotypes that harm girls. This paper tests for the existence of gender stereotyping and discrimination by public high-school teachers in Israel. It uses a natural experiment based on blind and non-blind scores that students receive on matriculation exams in their senior year. Using data on test results in several subjects in the humanities and sciences, I found, contrary to expectations, that male students face discrimination in each subject. These biases widen the female male achievement gap because girls outperform boys in all subjects, except English, and at all levels of the curriculum. The bias is evident in all segments of the ability and performance distribution and is robust to various individual controls. Several explanations based on differential behavior between boys and girls are not supported empirically. However, the size of the bias is very sensitive to teachers' characteristics, suggesting that the bias against male students is the result of teachers', and not students', behavior.
Elevated Serum Liver Enzymes in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea-hypopnea Syndrome

Background:Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with elevated liver enzymes and fatty liver. The purpose of this study was to measure serum liver enzyme levels in patients evaluated by polysomnography (PSG) and the factors associated with liver injury in OSAS patients. Methods:All patients referred to PSG for evaluation of sleep apnea symptoms between June 2011 and November 2014 were included in this study. Demographic data and PSG parameters were recorded. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels were systematically measured. OSAS patients were divided into mild, moderate, and severe groups according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) values of 5–14 events/h, 15–29 events/h, and ≥30 events/h. Results:A total of 540 patients were enrolled in this study; among these patients, 386 were male. Elevated liver enzymes were present in 42.3% of OSAS patients (32.4% in mild/moderate group; 51.0% in severe group) and 28.1% patients without OSAS. Patients with OSAS had higher body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.01). In the bivariate correlation, the liver enzymes level was negatively correlated with age and the lowest arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), and was positively correlated with BMI, oxygen desaturation index, percent of total time with oxygen saturation level <90% (TS90%), AHI, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG). In logistic regression analysis, Age, BMI, TS90%, TC, and TG were included in the regression equation. Conclusions:Our data suggest that OSAS is a risk factor for elevated liver enzymes. The severity of OSAS is correlated with liver enzyme levels; we hypothesize that hypoxia is one of main causes of liver damage in patients with OSAS.
Middle-Aged Urban Thai Women’s Management of Stress and Anger

บทคดยอ การศกษาครงนมวตถประสงคเพอศกษาประสบการณชวตของสตรไทยในเขตเมองในการจดการความเครยดและความโกรธระหวางชวงวยกลางคน โดยใชการวจยเชงคณภาพดวยวธการทางปรากฏการณวทยาของไฮเดกเกอรและทฤษฎสตรนยม เกบรวบรวมขอมลโดยการสมภาษณสตรไทยวยกลางคนในเขตเมองในเรองวธการจดการความเครยดและความโกรธ ขอมลไดรบการวเคราะหดวยวธการวเคราะหเชงเนอหาของเบนเนอร ผลการศกษาเปดเผยวา สตรมความเครยดและความโกรธซงเปนการตอบสนองตอความกดดนทสตรตองเผชญในชวตประจำวน วธการจดการความเครยดและความโกรธของสตรประกอบดวย 5 ประเดนหลกไดแก การเงยบ การใหอภย การแสดงออกทางจตวญญาณ กระบวนการเปลยนแปลงความคด และการเบยงเบนความสนใจ ความเครยดและความโกรธทสตรเผชญสงผลตอปญหาสขภาพของสตรได อยางไรกตาม การปฏบตทสตรใชทง 5 วธการเพอจดการความเครยดและความโกรธนจะชวยสรางเสรมสขภาพของสตรและทำใหสตรมความสข ผลการศกษาครงนมประโยชนสำหรบพยาบาลททำงานกบสตรไทยในเขตเมองทกำลงจดการกบปญหาความเครยดและความโกรธในแตละวน คำสำคญ : สตรไทยเขตเมอง, การจดการความเครยดและความโกรธ, วยกลางคน Abstract The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the lived experiences of urban Thai women in managing stress and anger during middle age. Utilizing Heideggerian phenomenology and feminist theory, data were gathered through interview on middle-aged, urban, Thai women regarding how they managed stress and anger. Data were analyzed using Benner’s method for content analysis. The findings revealed the women experienced stress and anger in response to the pressures they encountered during everyday life. The process of their stress and anger management included five themes: keeping silent; forgiving; seeking spirituality; changing one’s thinking process; and, shifting interest. The stress and anger the women experienced appeared to contribute to their health problems. However, the manner in which they used the five stages of the identified stress and anger management process appeared to promote their health and happiness. These findings could prove helpful to nurses as they work with middle-aged urban Thai women who are dealing with their daily stress and anger issues. Keywords : Urban Thai women, Stress and anger management, Middle-age
Constrained Centroidal Voronoi Tessellations for Surfaces

Centroidal Voronoi tessellations are useful for subdividing a region in Euclidean space into Voronoi regions whose generators are also the centers of mass, with respect to a prescribed density function, of the regions. Their extensions to general spaces and sets are also available; for example, tessellations of surfaces in a Euclidean space may be considered. In this paper, a precise definition of such constrained centroidal Voronoi tessellations (CCVTs) is given and a number of their properties are derived, including their characterization as minimizers of an "energy. " Deterministic and probabilistic algorithms for the construction of CCVTs are presented and some analytical results for one of the algorithms are given. Computational examples are provided which serve to illustrate the high quality of CCVT point sets. Finally, CCVT point sets are applied to polynomial interpolation and numerical integration on the sphere.
Modeling and parallel simulation of high power semiconductor lasers Para 2008 : Applications of Parallel Computations on Industry Engineering

Compact semiconductor lasers emitting single-frequency, diffraction limited beams at a continuous-wave (CW) optical power of several Watts are required for many applications including frequency conversion, free-space communications, and pumping of fibre lasers and fibre amplifiers. We discuss a mathematical model for the dynamics of such lasers. In order to simulate the long time dynamical behaviour a large system of several million variables has to be resolved for time steps of several orders of millions. Parallel simulation results and comparison with experimental data are given.
Symbolic Priors for RNN-based Semantic Parsing

Seq2seq models based on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have recently received a lot of attention in the domain of Semantic Parsing. While in principle they can be trained directly on pairs (natural language utterances, logical forms), their performance is limited by the amount of available data. To alleviate this problem, we propose to exploit various sources of prior knowledge: the well-formedness of the logical forms is modeled by a weighted context-free grammar; the likelihood that certain entities present in the input utterance are also present in the logical form is modeled by weighted finite-state automata. The grammar and automata are combined together through an efficient intersection algorithm to form a soft guide (“background”) to the RNN.We test our method on an extension of the Overnight dataset and show that it not only strongly improves over an RNN baseline, but also outperforms non-RNN models based on rich sets of hand-crafted features.
Another Look at Parent-Preschooler Bookreading: How Naked Is the Emperor?.

Abstract Lonigan, and Dunning, Mason, and Stewart raised several interesting questions about our review of the efficacy of reading to preschool children. In response, we provide some further details regarding the computation of average effects and the comparison of effect sizes and offer a few additional comments about the contributions of home literacy practices and motivational factors to the acquisition of literacy.
Inference of Gene Regulatory Networks with Sparse Structural Equation Models Exploiting Genetic Perturbations

Integrating genetic perturbations with gene expression data not only improves accuracy of regulatory network topology inference, but also enables learning of causal regulatory relations between genes. Although a number of methods have been developed to integrate both types of data, the desiderata of efficient and powerful algorithms still remains. In this paper, sparse structural equation models (SEMs) are employed to integrate both gene expression data and cis-expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTL), for modeling gene regulatory networks in accordance with biological evidence about genes regulating or being regulated by a small number of genes. A systematic inference method named sparsity-aware maximum likelihood (SML) is developed for SEM estimation. Using simulated directed acyclic or cyclic networks, the SML performance is compared with that of two state-of-the-art algorithms: the adaptive Lasso (AL) based scheme, and the QTL-directed dependency graph (QDG) method. Computer simulations demonstrate that the novel SML algorithm offers significantly better performance than the AL-based and QDG algorithms across all sample sizes from 100 to 1,000, in terms of detection power and false discovery rate, in all the cases tested that include acyclic or cyclic networks of 10, 30 and 300 genes. The SML method is further applied to infer a network of 39 human genes that are related to the immune function and are chosen to have a reliable eQTL per gene. The resulting network consists of 9 genes and 13 edges. Most of the edges represent interactions reasonably expected from experimental evidence, while the remaining may just indicate the emergence of new interactions. The sparse SEM and efficient SML algorithm provide an effective means of exploiting both gene expression and perturbation data to infer gene regulatory networks. An open-source computer program implementing the SML algorithm is freely available upon request.
New perspectives on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein thrombosis

Despite advances in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), managing HCC with portal vein thrombosis (PVT) remains challenging. PVT is present in 10-40% of HCC cases at the time of diagnosis and its therapeutic options are very limited. Current guidelines mainly recommend sorafenib for advanced HCC with PVT, but surgery, transarterial chemoemolization, external radiation therapy, radioembolization, transarterial infusion chemotherapy, and combination therapy are also still used. Furthermore, several new emerging therapies such as the administration of immunotherapeutic agents and oncolytic viruses are under investigation. This comprehensive literature review presents current and future management options with their relative advantages and disadvantages and summary data on overall survival.
The Efficacy of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection of Type I Gastric Carcinoid Tumors Compared with Conventional Endoscopic Mucosal Resection

Background and Aims. Conventional endoscopic submucosal resection (EMR) of carcinoid tumors often involves the resection margin, which necessitates further intervention. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is widely accepted for removing carcinoid tumors. We aimed to evaluate the clinical usefulness of ESD with that of EMR for resection of type I gastric carcinoid tumors. Patients and Methods. The study enrolled 62 patients (37 males, 25 females; median age, 50 years; range, 40–68 years) who were treated with EMR or ESD at three hospitals; the study group had 87 type I gastric carcinoid tumors with an estimated size of ≤10 mm. The complete resection rate and the complications associated with these two procedures were analyzed. Results. The overall ESD complete resection rate was higher than that of the EMR rate (94.9% versus 83.3%, P value = 0.174). A statistically lower vertical margin involvement rate was achieved when ESD was performed compared to when EMR was performed (2.6% versus 16.7%, P value = 0.038). The complication rate was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions. ESD showed a higher complete resection rate, particularly for the vertical margin, with a similar complication rate. We mildly recommend ESD rather than EMR for removing type I gastric carcinoid tumors.
Evaluation of the Facts on Aging Quizzes I & II.

The Facts on Aging Quizzes (FAQ) I and II (Palmore, 1977, 1981) were designed to assess knowledge and to measure misconceptions regarding the elderly. This study compared results on the FAQ I and II administered to freshmen nursing students. In contrast with Palmore's (1981, 1988) findings, the FAQ I and II were not related (r=.04) and alpha coefficients were low (a=.45 and .32 respectively). However, use of theta coefficients (which make fewer stringent assumptions about items being parallel) resulted in values of . 60 and . 64 respectively. The factors emerging in this study differed from Palmore's (1977, 1981, 1988) conceptual structure and explained only 45% of the variance. Results from this study suggest that while the FAQ I and II may be useful as a stimulus for discussion, revisions and testing need to be done if they are to be used for research purposes.
How to Make Cognitive Illusions Disappear: Beyond “Heuristics and Biases”

Most so-called "errors" in probabilistic reasoning are in fact not violations of probability theory. Examples of such "errors" include overconfi dence bias, conjunction fallacy, and base-rate neglect. Research- ers have relied on a very narrow normative view, and have ignored conceptual distinctions—for example, single case versus relative frequency—fundamental to probability theory. By recognizing and using these distinctions, however, we can make apparently stable "errors" disappear, reappear, or even invert. I suggest what a reformed understanding of judgments under uncertainty might look like.