Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measles virus infection of thymic epithelium in the SCID-hu mouse leads to thymocyte apoptosis

Mortality from measles is caused mostly by secondary infections associated with the depression of cellular immunity. The mechanism of immune suppression and the role of virus strain differences on the immune system are incompletely understood. SCID-hu mice were used to determine the effects of virulent, wild-type (Chicago-1) and avirulent, vaccine (Moraten) strains of measles virus (MV) on the human thymus in vivo. Chicago-1 replicated rapidly, with a 100-fold decrease in numbers of thymocytes, whereas Moraten replicated slowly, without significant thymocyte death. Productive MV infection occurred not in thymocytes but in thymic epithelial and myelomonocytic cells. Wild-type MV infection of thymic stromata leads to induction of thymocyte apoptosis and may contribute to a long-term alteration of immune responses. The extent of thymic disruption reflects the virulence of the virus, and therefore the SCID-hu mouse may serve as the first small animal model for the study of MV pathogenesis.
imeria species in dairy goats in Brazil ntônio

The focus of this work is to determine the distribution and identify species of Eimeria parasites of dairy goats in the livestock of the National Goat and Sheep Research Center in Sobral, State of Ceará, Northeast Brazil. Results showed the presence of multiple species in 196 of 215 analyzed samples (91.2%). Fifty five out of these were from kids (28%) and 141 from adult goats (72%). Eight different Eimeria species were identified and their prevalence in the herd was: Eimeria alijevi Musaev, 1970 (26.7%), E. arloingi (Marotel, 1905) Martin, 1909 (20.6%), E. hirci Chevalier, 1966 (18%), E. ninakohlyakimovae Yakimoff & Rastegaieff, 1930 (16.2%), E. jolchijevi Musaev, 1970 (8.7%), E. christenseni Levine, Ivens & Fritz, 1962 (6%), E. caprovina Lima, 1980 (2.8%) and E. caprina Lima, 1979 (1%). Moreover, E. ninakohlyakimovae showed higher prevalence in kids (97%), followed by E. arloingi and E. alijevi (88%). On the other hand, E. alijevi (77%) was more common in adult goats followed by E. hirci (74%) and E. ninakohlyakimovae (70%). The species E. caprina had low frequency in both kids (27%) and adult goats (13%). Data indicated that infection was relatively common among kids and adult goats. The implementation of a routine diagnostic strategy can be useful in maintaining Eimeria populations under monitoring and will enable the determination of its potential impact on dairy goat herds in Northeast Brazil.
Antigenic expression and spontaneous immune responses support the use of a selected peptide set from the IMA950 glioblastoma vaccine for immunotherapy of grade II and III glioma

ABSTRACT Gliomas are lethal brain tumors that resist standard therapeutic approaches. Immunotherapy is a promising alternative strategy mostly developed in the context of glioblastoma. However, there is a need for implementing immunotherapy for grade II/III gliomas, as these are the most common CNS tumors in young adults with a high propensity for recurrence, making them lethal despite current treatments. We recently identified HLA-A2-restricted tumor-associated antigens by peptide elution from glioblastoma and formulated a multipeptide vaccine (IMA950) evaluated in phase I/II clinical trials with promising results. Here, we investigated expression of the IMA950 antigens in patients with grade II/III astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma or ependymoma, at the mRNA, protein and peptide levels. We report that the BCAN, CSPG4, IGF2BP3, PTPRZ1 and TNC proteins are significantly over-expressed at the mRNA (n = 159) and protein (n = 36) levels in grade II/III glioma patients as compared to non-tumor samples (IGF2BP3 being absent from oligodendroglioma). Most importantly, we detected spontaneous antigen-specific T cell responses to one or more of the IMA950 antigens in 100% and 71% of grade II and grade III patients, respectively (27 patients tested). These patients displayed T cell responses of better quality (higher frequency, broader epitope targeting) than patients with glioblastoma. Detection of spontaneous T cell responses to the IMA950 antigens shows that these antigens are relevant for tumor targeting, which will be best achieved by combination with CD4 epitopes such as the IDH1R132H peptide. Altogether, we provide the rationale for using a selective set of IMA950 peptides for vaccination of patients with grade II/III glioma.
MiR‐145‐5p inhibits proliferation and inflammatory responses of RMC through regulating AKT/GSK pathway by targeting CXCL16

The main pathological characteristics of chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) are diffuse mesangial cells proliferation and inflammatory responses. Our previous studies have confirmed that miR‐145‐5p was abnormally elevated in CGN rats, but its mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of miR‐145‐5p in regulation of renal mesangial cells proliferation and inflammatory responses. In vivo study, the cationic bovine serum albumin (C‐BSA)‐induced CGN rat model was established, and the content of miR‐145‐5p in renal was examined by qRT‐PCR, meanwhile, we also determined the renal function and inflammatory infiltrate. In vitro, the cell proliferation rate, cell cycle and inflammatory changes of rat mesangial cells (RMCs) were measured. Our results suggested that miR‐145‐5p extended the G0‐G1 phase, shortened S phase, inhibited cell proliferation and suppressed inflammatory responses in RMCs. Moreover, miR‐145‐5p inhibited CXCL16 protein expression through binding the 3′‐UTR of CXCL16, suppressed AKT/GSK signaling pathway, and decreased expression of inflammation related mRNAs, such as IL‐1α, IL‐2, IL‐6, and TNF‐α mRNAs. Further, locking CXCL16 alleviated inflammatory reactions and down‐regulated AKT/GSK pathway in RMCs. Above all, we concluded that miR‐145‐5p inhibited proliferation and inflammatory responses of RMCs through regulation of AKT/GSK pathway by targeting CXCL16.
The Conservation of Number and Liquid by Lebanese School Children in Beirut

Individual interviews of 224 Lebanese elementary school children in Beirut, ages five to ninewere carried out. The developmental ability to conserve was investigated through chi-square analysis with respect to the effect of the variables age, sex, religion, socioeconomic status, scholastic level, and mother's literacy. The ability to conserve number and liquid increased significantly with age. Among the other variables sex was the only one which yielded a difference significant at the . 05 level in number conservation. The Lebanese Ss were found to be lagging behind American children of a middle-class school. The latter finding was discussed in terms of cross-cultural differences.
Testing the Factor Structure Invariance of a Computer Attitude Scale Over Two Grouping Conditions

A computer attitude scale is tested for invariance over the grouping conditions of males/females and graduate/undergraduate. Through both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the original scale, developed by Loyd and Gressard (1984a), was revised to 23 items representing three factors. The revised scale was found to be invariant over both conditions in terms of number of factors and intercorrelations among the factors. Although there were slight differences in the item loadings and the item errors, the differences were not practically significant. Thus, the construct of computer anxiety appears to be multidimensional with highly correlated factors.
Community Knowledge, Beliefs, Attitudes, and Practices towards Children with Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus in Uganda

This article describes the findings of a qualitative study on knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and practices towards children with spina bifida and hydrocephalus in four regions of Uganda. Focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews were held with parents of children with spina bifida and hydrocephalus, policy-makers, and service providers. Our findings describe how negative knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and practices create barriers to treatment and inclusion of children with spina bifida and hydrocephalus and their parents in Uganda. The findings show how knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and practices evolve over time, are both similar and differ in the various regions, and become more conducive towards accessing treatment and achieving inclusion. Sensitisation and early intervention including parents and service providers in dissemination of knowledge, rehabilitative care to set the trend for positive change and support, as well as longitudinal studies of children with spina bifida and hydrocephalus and their parents are recommended.
New Directions for the Design and Study of Professional Development

Research on professional development (PD) typically focuses on what teachers learn as a result of their participation in PD. Questions are framed unidirectionally: To what extent does participation in PD affect teachers' classroom practice? The authors challenge this unidirectional conceptualization of teacher learning and instead argue for understanding the multidirectional influences between teachers' participation across the PD and classroom settings. Drawing on research in mathematics education, they argue that researchers should examine what teachers are learning during and after PD, looking at the coevolution of participation between classroom practice and PD. To advance studies of and designs for PD, the authors' perspective leads them to argue for the importance of better understanding how teachers come to make sense of primary artifacts, depictions, and enactments in and through PD.
Co-opting Science: A preliminary study of how students invoke science in value-laden discussions

Letting students deliberate on socio-scientific issues is a tricky affair. It is yet unclear how to assess whether, or even support that, students weave science facts into value-laden socio-scientific deliberations without committing the naturalistic fallacy of deducing ‘ought’ from ‘is’. As a preliminary step, this study investigated how Danish upper secondary biology students actually interwove science facts and values in socio-scientific discussions. In particular, the focus was the argumentative effects of different ways of blurring the fact–value distinction. The data consisted of the transcriptions of three 45–60 minute discussions among 4–5 students about whether human gene therapy should be allowed. The data were analysed from a normative pragmatics perspective—with a focus on how the students designed and elicited messages to influence the decisions of others. It was found that the students regularly co-opted science to make it appear that their evaluative claims were more solidly supported than those of their opponents. Further, the students tended to co-opt science content so as to redefine what the issue or object of contention should be. The findings suggest that assessment of whether students properly used correct science facts in socio-scientific learning activities is very difficult. From the perspective of teachers, this means that much more work needs to be done in order to sort out how the fact–value distinction should be addressed appropriately. From the perspective of researchers, it means a continued negotiation of what they mean when they say that students should become able to use science on issues from outside science.
Behavioural effects in female rats of postnatal exposure to sub‐toxic doses of polychlorinated biphenyl congener 153

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are widespread environmental contaminants that are also present in human tissues and breast milk. Behavioural disturbances have been reported in both children and animals exposed perinatally to PCBs. The present study assessed the behavioural consequences in female rats of postnatal exposure to the di‐ortho‐substituted 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′‐hexachlorobiphenyl (IUPAC no. 153), which is one of the PCB congeners most frequently detected in human milk. The different groups of mothers were dosed via gavage with 5 mg/kg bodyweight of PCB 153 in corn oil or 5 ml/kg bodyweight corn oil vehicle every second day from day 3 to day 13 after delivery. The exposure did not affect the bodyweight of the dams nor the physical development of the pups. Operant behavioural testing of the female offspring by two different schedules of reinforcement was performed. First, the animals were tested by a multiple schedule with two components: fixed interval (FI) and extinction (EXT), which has proved sensitive in revealing changes in activity level. There were no statistically significant differences in frequency or interresponse times of lever pressing between the PCB‐exposed female rats and the controls. These results were in contrast to a previous, analogous study where PCB 153 produced an increased frequency of lever presses during the FI in male rats, indicating a sex‐specific behavioural effect of PCB 153. The female offspring was also tested by a conjunctive schedule with two components: variable interval (VI) and differential reinforcement of low rate (DRL). This schedule revealed slower acquisition of time discrimination in the PCB 153‐exposed females as compared with the controls. The VI‐DRL results showed that PCB 153 may also produce long‐lasting behavioural effects in female rats following postnatal exposure through the mother's milk.
VALUATION EQUILIBRIUM AND PARETO OPTIMUM.

1 A. Borel, "Sur la cohomologie des espaces fibres principaux et des espaces homogbnes des groupes de Lie compacts," Ann. Math., 57, No. 1, 115, 1953; "Homology and Cohomology of Compact Connected Lie Groups," these PROCEEDINGS, 39, No. 11, 1142-1146, 1953. 2 M. Morse, "The Calculus of Variations in the Large," Math. Colloq. Pub. , 18, 1934. 3 E. Cartan, "La G6ometrie des groupes simples," (Euvres, 2, Part I, 793; also papers referred to therein. See also E. Stiefel, "tYber eine Beziehung. . ." Comm. Math. Helv., 14, 350-380, 1942. 4 C. Chevalley, Theory of Lie Groups I (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1946). 6 R. Bott, "Non-degenerate Critical Manifolds" (to appear in Ann. Math.).
Supporting mental health and emotional well‐being among younger students in further education

Over the last 25 years there has been an increase in reported behavioural and emotional problems among young people. Moreover, students in higher education (HE) are reported to have increased symptoms of mental ill health compared with age‐matched controls. Some students in further education (FE) are likely to experience similar difficulties, especially as an increasing number may come from backgrounds that may make them more vulnerable to mental health problems. National policies and guidance highlight the importance of promoting the mental health of young people in general and of students in particular. This exploratory study aimed to identify whether, and in what ways, FE colleges were contributing to younger students' (aged 16–19 years) mental health. Interviews with key informants, a survey of FE colleges in England and five case studies of individual FE colleges providing specialised mental‐health support services to students revealed some evidence of promising and good practice, but this did not appear to be widespread. Given the current range of college settings, no single approach to improving mental health among students is likely to be the answer. Rather, respondents highlighted a number of factors that influence the provision of support services for students: awareness among professionals of the links between students' mental health and their achievement at college; having in place national and college policies and guidance that address mental health; building an inclusive college ethos; building leadership at senior and middle manager levels; having accessible in‐college and/or external support services; and the provision of professional development opportunities for staff.
Nccd Research Review : Attrition in Case Processing Is Rape Unique?

In the current literature on rape, frequent reference is made to the attrition of rape cases as these move through the criminal justice system. The present study draws upon national and California secondary data, first, to establish if the hypothesized attrition occurs at key points in the justice system for rape offenses, and then, second, to determine if this attrition is unique from or similar to that experienced with other major felonies. The general conclusion is that, while there is considerable loss of rape cases between the point of initial reporting of an incident to the police and the court sentencing stage, this loss cannot be described as unique to rape. While proba bly somewhat more rape cases experience attrition in the justice system than is true for homicide, rape seems to show a level of loss comparable to robbery at most points, and certainly lower levels of loss than assault or burglary. These findings hold across time and jurisdictions.
Psychologists’ endorsement of empirically unsupported statements in psychology: Noch Einmal

In this study, 103 South African psychologists were asked to rate the extent to which they believed a set of empirically incorrect statements were true or untrue. Of the 50 statements, 14 (28%) received a moderate level of endorsement as being factually correct and 8 (16%) received a high level of endorsement as being factually correct. Significant differences in the percentages of items endorsed were found between master’s- and doctoral-level psychologists for five statements. Significant differences in the percentages of items endorsed between clinical and counselling psychologists were found for three statements. These findings are explained by noting that there is no consensus among psychologists about whether psychology is a strictly scientific discipline and whether it gives rise to scientific facts about human behaviour. Relatedly, it is possible that South African psychology curricula are not sufficiently focused on the empirical and scientific evidence that informs psychological knowledge. Also, psychology as taught in undergraduate programmes is characterised by a diversity of theory. Consequently, no consensus on theoretical understandings of human behaviour appears to be in sight. Finally, popular and folk understandings of psychology overlap to some extent with empirical psychology, but what makes intuitive sense may not be empirically accurate. Some suggestions are offered for the curricula psychology of departments at South African universities.
Statistical method to evaluate management strategies to decrease variability in operating room utilization: application of linear statistical modeling and Monte Carlo simulation to operating room management.

BACKGROUND Operating room (OR) managers seeking to maximize labor productivity in their OR suite may attempt to reduce day-today variability in hours of OR time for which there are staff but for which there are no cases ("underutilized time"). The authors developed a method to analyze data from surgical services information systems to evaluate which management interventions can most effectively decrease variability in underutilized time. METHODS The method uses seven summary statistics of daily workload in a surgical suite: daily allocated hours of OR time, estimated hours of elective cases, actual hours of elective cases, estimated hours of add-on cases, actual hours of add-on cases, hours of turnover time, and hours of underutilized time. Simultaneous linear statistical equations (a structural equation model) specify the relationship among these variables. Estimated coefficients are used in Monte Carlo simulations. RESULTS The authors applied the analysis they developed to two OR suites: a tertiary care hospital's suite and an ambulatory surgery center. At both suites, the most effective strategy to decrease variability in underutilized OR time was to choose optimally the day on which to do each elective case so as to best fill the allocated hours. Eliminating all (1) errors in predicting how long elective or add-on cases would last, (2) variability in turnover or delays between cases, or (3) day-to-day variation in hours of add-on cases would have a small effect. CONCLUSIONS This method can be used for decision support to determine how to decrease variability in underutilized OR time.
Dyspnea and Wheezing after Adenosine Injection in a Patient with Eosinophilic Bronchitis

A 58-year-old nonsmoker female was referred for evaluation of chronic cough of 13 months duration. After an initial work-up, the patient was diagnosed to have chronic cough due to eosinophilic bronchitis. The diagnostic work-up for eosinophilic bronchitis and bronchial biopsy is discussed. Eosinophilic bronchitis is differentiated from asthma. In addition, the patient developed dyspnea, flushing, and wheezing after the administration of adenosine during a cardiac stress test in spite of a negative methacholine challenge. This indirect stimulus of airway hyperresponsiveness suggests the possible involvement of mast cells in eosinophilic bronchitis.
Social Skill Needs of Mainstreamed Students: Peer and Teacher Perceptions

The social skill needs of LD children were assessed based on the perceptions of their nonhandicapped peers and regular class teachers. A total of 450 elementary-aged pupils completed questionnaires on a nonhandicapped and an LD-labeled child. Items related to academics, kindness, communication, friendship, and play behaviors. Only the responses to the kindness items favored the LD-labeled child. On a Likert scale, teachers rated which of 136 social skills were most important for LD children's social integration into the regular classroom. Teacher ratings placed most emphasis on task- and order-related behaviors. The discrepancy between the two groups' social skill focus is discussed. Also addressed are the implications for future social skill instruction designed to facilitate handicapped students' integration into the regular classroom.
Cultural Preference and the Expository Writing of African-American Adolescents

Research by linguists and educators confirms the observation that aspects of the African-American experience are reflected in the grammatical, phonological, lexical, and stylistic features of African-American English and in the patterns of language use, including narrative, found in African-American speech communities. This study goes beyond prior research to investigate and characterize what Hymes refers to as the preferred patterns for the “organization of experience” among African-American adolescents. The results of the study revealed that, although subjects from several ethnic backgrounds stated a preference for using vernacular-based organizational patterns in informal oral exposition, African-American adolescents, in contrast to a group of Hispanic-American, Asian-American, and European-American adolescents, reported a strong preference for using vernacular-based patterns in academic writing tasks as they got older. These findings suggest that the organization of expository discourse is affected by cultural preference and years of schooling and that preference for organizational patterns can be viewed as an obstacle to or as a resource in successful literacy-related experiences.