Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural diagnosis of interconnects by coloring

This paper presents a new approach for diagnosing shorts in interconnects in which the adjacencies between nets are known. This structural approach exploits different graph coloring techniques to generate a test set with no aliasing and confounding, i.e., full diagnosis (detection and location) is accomplished. Initially, a simple coloring approach based on a greedy condition of the adjacency graph is proposed for fault detection. Then, the conditions for aliasing and confounding are analyzed with respect to the sizes of the possible shorts. These results are used to generate new colors using a process called color mixing. Color mixing guarantees that additional tests, required in order to avoid aliasing/confounding, will use appropriate codes. The characteristics of unbalanced/balanced codes for encoding the colors in the vector-generation process of interconnect diagnosis are discussed and are proved to yield full diagnosis using a novel method. An algorithm for full diagnosis is then presented; this algorithm has an execution complexity of <italic>O</italic>(<italic>max</italic>{<italic>N</italic><supscrpt>2</supscrpt>, <italic>N</italic>×<italic>D</italic><supscrpt>3</supscrpt>}) where <italic>N</italic> is the number of nets and <italic>D</italic> is the maximum degree of the nodes in the adjacency graph. Simulation results show that the proposed approach requires a smaller number of test vectors than previous approaches.
Self-Ratings of Political Skill in Job Application: A Within- and Between-Subjects Field Experiment

Political skill is the ability to understand others and use that knowledge to influence others to act in ways that enhance one's personal and/or organizational objectives. The Political Skill Inventory (Ferris et al., 2005) assesses this talent, and has potential for use in personnel decision making. However, central organizational stakeholders are concerned about the distortion of self-rating scores in job application; consequently, we examined the effects of a job application situation on self-ratings of political skill in a field experiment with 205 job incumbents. The findings showed consistently that the relationship of self-ratings of political skill and job performance ratings by supervisors (ρ=.30, p<.01) were not distorted in job application. Implications and limitations are discussed.
Uptake and degradation of plasma lipoproteins by human choriocarcinoma cells in culture.

The uptake and degradation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) by human choriocarcinoma cells in culture was studied using [125I]iodo-LDL as the substrate. At 37 C, uptake of [125I]iodo-LDL was rapid, attaining a steady state within 4.5 h. After a lag time of about 1 h, degradation of [125I]iodo-LDL proceeded linearly for at least 30 h. The relationship of uptake and degradation to the concentration of [125I]iodo-LDL in the culture medium was consistent with the conclusion that both of these processes involved binding to a population of high affinity (apparent Kd, 4 × 10-9 M), low capacity cell surface receptors. High density lipoprotein caused little displacement of [125I]iodo- LDL from these receptor sites. At 4 C, the extent of uptake of [125I]iodo-LDL was reduced by 75%, whereas its degradation was completely inhibited. At 4 C, addition of heparin (10 mg/ml) to the culture medium bathing the cells caused dissociation of most of the bound [125I]iodo-LDL from the cells; but at 37 C, addition of heparin cau.
Management of oxygenation in pediatric acute hypoxemic respiratory failure

The prognosis for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults and children has improved since its formal acceptance as a clinical entity in 1967. Because acute hypoxemic respiratory failure is the hallmark of acute lung injury and ARDS, the management of oxygenation is crucial. Physicians managing pediatric patients with acute lung injury or ARDS are faced with a complex array of options influencing oxygenation. Certain treatment strategies can influence clinical outcomes, such as a lung‐protective ventilation strategy that specifies a low tidal volume (6 mL/kg) and a plateau pressure limit (30 cm H2O) (Acute Respiratory Distress Network, N Engl J Med 2000 ;342:1301–1308). Other lung‐protective strategies such as different levels of positive end‐expiratory pressure, altered inspiratory:expiratory ratios, recruitment maneuvers, prone positioning, and extraneous gases or drugs may impact clinical outcomes but require further clinical study.
The Perceived Fairness of the Human Organ Allocation Process in the United States

ABSTRACT In 1998, there were over 60,000 patients on transplant lists awaiting a donated organ. In the United States a disproportionately higher need for organs, primarily kidneys, exists among members of the African-American community; but there is also a disproportionately lower presence on transplant lists and on donor roles of this same group. This paper presents the results of an empirical study of 354 consumers to determine if there are disparate perceptions in attitude toward donation and in the perceived fairness of the organ allocation process. Two multi-item scales are used in the study: DONATT (attitude toward organ donation and transplantation) and FAIRNESS (perceived fairness in the allocation system). The findings of this study indicate that there is disparity between blacks and whites in both the attitude toward donation and the perceived fairness of the allocation process. Specifically, whites have a more favorable attitude than blacks toward organ donation and transplantation. Whites also are more likely than blacks to perceive the allocation process as fair. Further, women, regardless of race, are less likely than men to regard the allocation process as fair. There is no evidence of interaction between race and sex. The marketing implications for the organ donation and transplantation community are discussed.
Components of Hostility and Verbal Communication of Emotion

Understanding how hostility may affect health risk is predicated on articulating its core physiological, psychological and social features. Barefoot [Barefoot, J.C. (1992). Developments in the measurement of hostility. In: Friedman, H.S. (Ed.), Hostility , Coping and Health , pp. 13-31. American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C] emphasized the importance of cognitive, affective and behavioural components. The present study examined whether hostile people differ from non-hostile people on measures of emotional verbal behaviour. Forty participants were interviewed about an anger-eliciting experience. Interviews were transcribed and evaluated for the use of emotional language using the Dictionary of Affect in Language [Whissell, C.M. (1989). The dictionary of affect in language. In: Plutchik, R. and Kellerman, H. (Eds.), The Measurement of Emotions. Emotion : Theory, Research and Experience . Vol. 4. Academic, San Diego]. Independent judges read the transcripts and rated the amount of anger experienced by the participants. Participants' use of activation and evaluation words, subjective reports of anger and judges' ratings of their anger were examined as a function of gender, social desirability and hostility subcomponents: cynicism, hostile attributions, aggressive responding and hostile affect. Cognitive/attitudinal components were related to the use of more positive language in the anger interview, while behavioural and affective components were related to judged anger. The findings suggest that there are complex differences in emotional communication associated with hostility components. While supporting transactional models, they underscore the multidimensional nature of the affective repertoires associated with hostility. The findings suggest that further study of emotional behaviour associated with hostility components would be fruitful.
Effects of Facultative Questions and Practice on Intermediate Students' Understanding of Character Motives

The study investigated the effects of a six-step facultative questioning strategy, a practice with feedback strategy and a no-intervention strategy on intermediate-grade children's ability to make inferences about a character's motives. The results of the study indicate that both the facilitative questioning strategy and the practice with feedback strategy contributed significantly to intermediate grade students' ability to make inferences about a character's motives. The results of this study indicate that a practice with feedback procedure would be a more efficient strategy for practitioners to employ in teaching children to identify character motives since it requires far less teaching time than a complex questioning procedure.
Neuromuscular Exercise post Partial Medial Meniscectomy: Randomized Controlled Trial.

PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 12-wk, home-based, physiotherapist-guided neuromuscular exercise program on the knee adduction moment (an indicator of mediolateral knee load distribution) in people with a medial arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) within the past 3-12 months. METHODS An assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial including people age 30-50 yr with no to mild pain after medial APM was conducted. Participants were randomly allocated to either a 12-wk neuromuscular exercise program that targeted neutral lower limb alignment or a control group with no exercise. The exercise program included eight individual sessions with one of seven physiotherapists in private clinics, together with home exercises. Primary outcomes were the peak external knee adduction moment during normal-paced walking and during one-leg sit-to-stand. Secondary outcomes included additional measures of knee joint load distribution, patient-reported outcomes, maximal knee and hip muscle strength, and physical function measures. RESULTS Of 62 randomized participants, 60 (97%) completed the trial. There were no significant between-group differences in the change in peak knee adduction moment during normal-paced walking (mean difference (95% confidence interval), 0.22 (-0.11 to 0.55) N·m/body weight × height %, P =0.19) or during one-leg sit-to-stand (-0.01 (-0.33 to 0.31) N·m/body weight × height %, P = 0.95). There were also no significant between-group differences for any of the secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS In patients 3-12 months after a medial APM, a neuromuscular exercise program did not alter the peak knee adduction moment, a key predictor of osteoarthritis structural disease progression. (Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, #ACTRN12612000542897.).
Differences in pharmacology and their translation into differences in clinical efficacy – a comparison of the renin angiotensin blocking agents irbesartan and losartan

Importance of the field: Guidelines recommend five antihypertensive drug classes, but which particular drug to choose is up to the treating physician. We aimed at an in-depth comparison of two frequently used angiotensin receptor blockers to provide evidence for this decision. Areas covered in this review: Pharmacology of irbesartan and losartan, their blood-pressure-lowering efficacy, their tolerability/safety, end-organ protective effects and economic evaluation. What the reader will gain: Both drugs differ in their oral bioavailability, potential for food interactions, degree of metabolism, dosing interval, time to peak, volume of distribution and terminal half-life. Irbesartan provides a greater and longer-lasting antihypertensive effect and was determined to be cost effective over losartan in Denmark and Sweden. Irbesartan was more effective in preventing deterioration of kidney function in patients with diabetic nephropathy, being cost effective from a German perspective. There is only one end point trial for either drug in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure and atrial fibrillation, but no direct comparison. Take home message: There is an incremental clinical benefit of irbesartan over losartan in the treatment of hypertension and diabetic nephropathy which can be substantiated by corresponding preclinical study evidence. This has translated into an economic benefit in a number of country-specific evaluations.
Pediatricians’ perspectives on identification and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders

Qualitative interview methodology was used to investigate the perspectives and experiences of five general pediatricians who had diagnosed children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Information was obtained from the participants in the following areas: a) training; b) signs/symptoms of ASD; c) causes of ASD; d) well-child exams; e) first concerns/signs of ASD; f) use of ‘wait and see’; g) communication with families; h) making referrals; i) the diagnostic process for ASD; j) pediatrician comfort with making the ASD diagnosis; k) family reactions to the ASD diagnosis; l) recommendations for families; and m) recommendations for other pediatricians. The results of this investigation are discussed as they relate to these themes and with reference to published literature. Recommendations and future directions are also presented.
A Longitudinal Examination of Stages of Change Model Applied to Mammography Screening

Application of behavior change theories to ethnically diverse groups is limited. In a secondary analysis of intervention study data, we tested the validity of the transtheoretical model (TTM) of change among Chinese American immigrant women. Three hundred mammography non-adherent women were randomized to an intervention or control group. Compared with contemplators (60%), precontemplators reported higher perceived mammography barriers (p < .001) and lower breast cancer susceptibility (p < .01). Baseline contemplators were 1.5 times more likely to have a mammogram post intervention compared with precontemplators. Upward shift in stage of change was higher in the intervention than the control group at 3 months (odds ratio [OR] = 6.14), 6 months (OR = 4.82), and 12 months (OR = 2.85). Women with an upward shift at 3 months were more likely to complete mammography at 12 months (OR = 15.44). The results supported the TTM stages of change. Education targeted to Chinese women’s stages of change has significant potential to decrease breast cancer screening disparities.
Targeting EGFR Induced Oxidative Stress by PARP1 Inhibition in Glioblastoma Therapy

Despite the critical role of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in glioblastoma pathogenesis [1], [2], EGFR targeted therapies have achieved limited clinical efficacy [3]. Here we propose an alternate therapeutic strategy based on the conceptual framework of non-oncogene addiction [4], [5]. A directed RNAi screen revealed that glioblastoma cells over-expressing EGFRvIII [6], an oncogenic variant of EGFR, become hyper-dependent on a variety of DNA repair genes. Among these, there was an enrichment of Base Excision Repair (BER) genes required for the repair of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-induced DNA damage, including poly-ADP ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1). Subsequent studies revealed that EGFRvIII over-expression in glioblastoma cells caused increased levels of ROS, DNA strand break accumulation, and genome instability. In a panel of primary glioblastoma lines, sensitivity to PARP1 inhibition correlated with the levels of EGFR activation and oxidative stress. Gene expression analysis indicated that reduced expression of BER genes in glioblastomas with high EGFR expression correlated with improved patient survival. These observations suggest that oxidative stress secondary to EGFR hyper-activation necessitates increased cellular reliance on PARP1 mediated BER, and offer critical insights into clinical trial design.
Cognitive learning from games: Student approaches to business games

ABSTRACT The effectiveness of games and simulations is investigated from the point of view of the enhancement of cognitive learning. It is found that this is greatly affected by different approaches which students take and by what influences their preparation of the game in question. It is further found that competitiveness tends to have a negative effect on cognitive learning gains and that learning is enhanced through advance briefing and tutor involvement during the game. These last two findings are in contrast to common practice when the main aim of a game is the enhancement of affective learning.
Becoming (a) Practice

This article presents findings from longitudinal ethnographic research of a mega-project alliance. For five years we followed the leadership team of a large Australian Alliance Program made up of a large public and several private organizations, analyzing `practice' as novel patterns of interaction developed into predictable arrays of activities, changing and transforming while at the same time continuing to be referred to as `the same'. In this article we focus on three such arrays of activities: authoring boundaries, negotiating competencies and adapting materiality. We suggest that these are essential mechanisms in becoming a practice. While most studies of practice deal with already established practices, the significance of our research is that we develop a notion of practice as it unfolds. In this way we can provide a better account of the constant change inherent in practices.
Flow Cytometric Assessment of Susceptibilities of Streptococcus pyogenes to Erythromycin and Rokitamycin

ABSTRACT The effects of erythromycin (a 14-membered ring macrolide) and rokitamycin (a 16-membered ring macrolide) on the viability of the Streptococcus pyogenes M phenotype were studied by means of flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy by using a combination of two fluorochromes (syto 9 and propidium iodide) that stains live bacteria green and dead bacteria red. In order to apply the flow cytometry, a bacterial sonication procedure was expressly set up to separate single cells from the long, intralaced S. pyogenes chains of up to 30 to 40 cells that have previously prevented the application of flow cytometry to this type of bacteria. The association of flow cytometry using an appropriate sonication procedure, together with a combination of fluorescent probes, offered the possibility of very quickly investigating the different microbiological effects of rokitamycin at 2 μg/ml, which was active on the S. pyogenes M phenotype, and of erythromycin at doses of up to 32 μg/ml, which was not.
Infections in severe alcoholic hepatitis

Severe alcoholic hepatitis (sAH), defined by a modified discriminant function ≥32, is the most severe form of alcohol-induced liver disease and is associated with a 1-month mortality rate of around 30%. Corticosteroid treatment remains the only therapeutic option that improves short-term survival. Infectious complications, occurring in approximately 50% of patients, are the main causes of death, even in patients who benefit from corticosteroids. Liver failure, recent alcohol consumption and immunosuppressive drugs contribute to this infectious risk. Although infection is a well-described feature of cirrhosis, little is known about the characteristics of infections in sAH. Infection is mainly of bacterial origin and frequently affects the respiratory tract. Pathogens classically observed in cirrhosis, such as gram-negative bacilli, are frequently involved, but opportunistic pathogens, such as fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus, Pneumocystis jirovecii) or viruses (Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex) may appear, mainly related to corticosteroid treatment. A high level of suspicion with systematic screening and prompt, adequate treatment are warranted to improve outcomes in these patients. Prophylactic strategies in this high-risk population should be assessed in well-designed trials.
Is machine translation ready yet

The default option of the Google Translator Toolkit (GTT), released in June 2009, is to “pre-fill with machine translation” all segments for which a ‘no match’ has been returned by the memories, while the Settings window clearly advises that “[m]ost users should not modify this”. To confirm whether this approach indeed benefits translators and translation quality, we designed and performed tests whereby trainee translators used the GTT to translate passages from English into Chinese either entirely from the source text, or after seeding of empty segments by the Google Translate engine as recommended. The translations were timed, and their quality assessed by independent experienced markers following Australian NAATI test criteria. Our results show that, while time differences were not significant, the machine translation seeded passages were more favourably assessed by the markers in thirty three of fifty six cases. This indicates that, at least for certain tasks and language combinations — and against the received wisdom of translation professionals and translator trainers — translating by proofreading machine translation may be advantageous.
Getting a grip on ourselves: Challenging expectancies about loss of energy after self-control

Abstract Research suggests that two, consecutive acts of self-control lead to impaired performance. This phenomenon is termed “ego depletion. ” It is assumed that an act of self-control consumes energy from some limited resource leaving less energy available for a subsequent act of self-control. Study 1 tested the alternative hypothesis that people's naive theory or expectancy of the consequences of self-control influences their performance on control-demanding tasks. Participants watched an upsetting video fragment and subsequently performed a physical exercise test demanding self-control. Participants who suppressed their emotional reactions to the video showed ego-depletion: Their performance at the physical test decreased. However, if their (implicit) expectation that self-control negatively influences subsequent performance was challenged, their performance increased. Study 2 showed the existence of a dominant expectation that self-control consumes energy. These results indicate that the occurrence of.
Detecting Cross-Lingual Semantic Divergence for Neural Machine Translation

Parallel corpora are often not as parallel as one might assume: non-literal translations and noisy translations abound, even in curated corpora routinely used for training and evaluation. We use a cross-lingual textual entailment system to distinguish sentence pairs that are parallel in meaning from those that are not, and show that filtering out divergent examples from training improves translation quality.
Optimizing Energy Consumption of Mobile Nodes in Heterogeneous Kademlia-Based Distributed Hash Tables

This paper presents a novel mechanism that enables mobile devices to efficiently participate in Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs). By selectively dropping messages, we can significantly reduce traffic and thus the energy consumption of mobile nodes with only minor performance degradation. The protocol extension preserves compatibility with existing widely used DHT systems. We evaluate the solution by measuring the energy-consumption of mobile phones participating in the Kademlia-based Mainline BitTorrent DHT, which consists of over one million nodes. We further analyze the impact of our mechanism on the performance of the DHT by means of an analytical model.