Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Challenges in discriminating profanity from hate speech

ABSTRACT In this study, we approach the problem of distinguishing general profanity from hate speech in social media, something which has not been widely considered. Using a new dataset annotated specifically for this task, we employ supervised classification along with a set of features that includes -grams, skip-grams and clustering-based word representations. We apply approaches based on single classifiers as well as more advanced ensemble classifiers and stacked generalisation, achieving the best result of accuracy for this 3-class classification task. Analysis of the results reveals that discriminating hate speech and profanity is not a simple task, which may require features that capture a deeper understanding of the text not always possible with surface -grams. The variability of gold labels in the annotated data, due to differences in the subjective adjudications of the annotators, is also an issue. Other directions for future work are discussed.
Some Surface Factors that Affect the Spot Welding of Aluminium

SummaryThe resistance spot weldability of AA5754 (Al. 3.0 Mg) has been tested with three characteristic surface conditions, etched, mill finish and pretreated/lubricated sheet combined with the presence of a structural adhesive (weld bonding). Each surface type is of potential interest for high volume automotive vehicle production. The results were compared with contact resistance measurements made to the German standard DVS 2929 which suggest that neither mill finish nor pretreated/lubricated surfaces with adhesive present, should be weldable. However, it was found that all three surface conditions were readily weldable, producing more than 1000 welds when suitable equipment (Medium Frequency DC) and appropriate welding parameters were used. Etched surfaces gave the most consistent spot weld strengths but acceptable spot welds were also obtained from the mill finish and pretreated/lubricated surface. Of the three surfaces tested, only the pretreated and lubricated surface is known to also offer acceptabl.
DIALERAUTH: A Motion-assisted Touch-based Smartphone User Authentication Scheme

This paper introduces DIALERAUTH - a mechanism which leverages the way a smartphone user taps/enters any text-independent 10-digit number (replicating the dialing process) and the hand's micro-movements she makes while doing so. DIALERAUTH authenticates the user on the basis of timing differences in the entered 10-digit strokes. DIALERAUTH provides enhanced security by leveraging the transparent and unobservable layer based on another modality - user's hand micro-movements. Furthermore, DIALERAUTH increases the usability and acceptability by utilizing the users' familiarity with the dialing process and the flexibility of choosing any combination of 10-digit number. We implemented DIALERAUTH for both data collection and proof-of-concept real-time analysis. We collected, in total 10500 legitimate samples involving 97 users, through an extensive unsupervised field experiment, to evaluate the effectiveness of DIALERAUTH. Analysis using one-class Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) shows a True Acceptance Rate (TAR) of 85.77% in identifying the genuine users. Security analysis involving 240 adversarial attempts proved DIALERAUTH as significantly resilient against random and mimic attacks. A usability study based on System Usability Scale (SUS) reflects a positive feedback on user acceptance (SUS score = 73.29).
International Journal of Biological & Medical Research Cardiac Chronotropism and Sympathovagal Balance in Young Women of Reproductive Age. Original Article

Autonomic nervous system Menstrual cycle Heart rate variability Menstrual cycle AIMS: TO study the heart rate variability during different phases of the menstrual cycle in young women of reproductive age and to correlate these changes if any to the sympathovagal activity during the phases. METHODS: The study included 30 eumenorrheic, normal, normotensive, healthy young females aged 18-30 yrs having regular, normal menstrual cycles. The subjects were selected based on certain predetermined exclusion-inclusion criteria by taking a detailed clinical history. A set of autonomic function tests which determine heart rate variability were done in all the three phases of the menstrual cycle to assess sympathetic and parasympathetic functions. No controls of any kind (males or menopausal females) were included as the aim of the study was to compare heart rate variability among the three phases of a single menstrual cycle. RESULTS: Across the menstrual cycle there was heart rate variability, with higher values towards the luteal phase, when compared to the follicular phase. A statistically significant difference in the heart rate parameters; resting heart rate, 30:15 ratio, standing to lying ratio and expiratory and inspiratory ratio were found between the phases, with higher values towards the luteal phase. The results were obtained using ANOVA and student-t-test,to study the significance of study parameters on continous scale within each phases. CONCLUSION: There was a statistically significant heart rate variability during the three phases of the menstrual cycle, as observed by the increased sympathetic outflow in the luteal phase compared to the increased parasympathetic outflow in the follicular phase. This altered regulation of the autonomic tone during the normal, regular menstrual cycle can be attributed to the normal, regular, cyclic changes in the ovarian hormones in healthy young females.
Solar wind ionic charge states during the Ulysses pole‐to‐pole pass

We analyze and compare the ionic charge composition data for different types of the solar wind (slow wind from equatorial regions, fast wind from low-latitude coronal hole and fast wind from both south and north polar coronal hole) which the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer (SWICS) on Ulysses observed during the pole-to-pole pass of its primary mission. The implications on the electron temperature, electron density, and ion outflow velocity from the corresponding solar wind source regions are also discussed. We find that the electron temperature in the source region of the slow solar wind is higher than that in the coronal hole. We also find a possible north-south asymmetry in the electron temperature that may be correlated to the northsouth asymmetry in the solar wind speed found in the SWOOPS/Ulysses data. In particular, we make extensive discussions on the latitudinal variations in the polar coronal hole. On the basis of our data without clear constraints from other coronal observations, the preliminary result is that the electron density may be higher, or the heavy ion outflow velocities may be lower toward lower heliographic latitude.
Dialysis modality and survival: Done to death

The debate surrounding whether peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis is associated with differential survival continues as the numerous comparative studies over the past 3 decades have yielded conflicting results. Findings have also evolved over time in the setting of changing patient characteristics, advances in dialytic technologies, and the use of more robust statistical and epidemiologic approaches. Here, we will critically review the body of evidence, both historical and contemporary, comparing survival across dialysis modalities. Significant limitations of the observational nature of the current literature will be highlighted given that no adequately powered randomized controlled trials exist. Given the lack of consistency and limitations of current studies, coupled with the poor survival across both modalities, we can likely conclude that survival comparisons between both modalities do not appreciably differ. Hence, the choice of dialysis modality should not be dictated by survival comparisons, but rather be based on an individualized and informed decision making that places patient preference and lifestyle considerations at the forefront, while integrating medical factors and availability of resources and support. The emphasis of future research should move beyond survival outcomes when comparing dialysis modalities, and instead be redirected to patient‐endorsed and patient‐reported outcomes.
The implementation and evaluation of OASIS: a web-based learning and assessment tool for large classes

This paper describes a Web-based learning and assessment tool developed and implemented over a five-year period. Used predominately with first- and second-year students for skills practice and summative assessment, the tool delivers individualized tasks, marks student responses, supplies students with prompt feedback, and logs student activity. Interviews with instructors indicated that the software had enabled them to manage workloads in spite of rising class sizes and that student learning, based on observation and assessment results, had been enhanced rather than compromised. Student surveys, interviews, focus-group discussions, and informal feedback showed that students found the software easy to use and felt it helped them improve their skills and understanding. Student activity logs provided an insight into student study habits and confirmed the motivating power of assessment.
Oral Health Status and Dental Treatment Needs of 5–12-year-old Children with Disabilities Attending Special Schools in Western Maharashtra, India

Introduction: The individuals suffering from various disabilities form a considerable proportion of the community. The psychological reactions associated with a deformity can be devastating to the disabled, parents, caregivers, and family which often lead to attitudes of hopelessness in the lives of these disabled individuals. Objectives: To assess the oral health status and treatment needs among 5–12-year-old children attending special school in Western Maharashtra, India. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 5–12-year-old children attending specials school in Western Maharashtra, India. The study group consisted of 100 children (62 males and 38 females). The oral health status was assessed by using decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index, Community Periodontal Index, Dentition status and treatment needs. Information on disability status, intelligent quotient, and systemic diseases were recorded. Results: The mean age of the study population was 9.35 ± 2.92 years. There were 62 (62%) males and 38 (38%) females in the study population. Among the total children examined, 50% of the children were suffering from mental retardation (MR), followed by MR with cerebral palsy (20%). The overall mean decayed and filled teeth and DMFT scores were 3.53 ± 1.02 and 3.89 ± 1.30, respectively, and decayed component had the highest score in both the groups. A statistically significant difference has been observed among the gender (P < 0.001). Conclusion: There is a high proportion of dental treatment needs required for these children which reflect the barriers to access and utilize oral health care among these children. As dentist, we should emphasize on health education, periodic recall, and monitoring among these individuals.
Outcomes After Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation as Destination Therapy at Transplant Versus Nontransplant Centers

Background: Since Food and Drug Administration’s approval of the HeartMate II left ventricular assist device (LVAD) as destination therapy, the number of hospitals offering LVAD therapy has grown rapidly. A rising number are performed at centers without internal transplant programs. We sought to determine whether outcomes after destination therapy LVAD implantation are similar at transplant and nontransplant centers. Methods and Results: Adult recipients of a primary, continuous-flow LVAD as destination therapy between January 2012 and March 2014 from the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support were included. Subjects were classified by implanting center as transplant (n=3323) or nontransplant (n=260). Center volume before 2012 was categorized as <15 or ≥15 implants. Outcomes included overall survival, freedom from death or major adverse event, rates of individual adverse events, rehospitalization, and health-related quality of life. Patients treated at nontransplant centers were generally less sick, with higher Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support patient profiles and more normal laboratory and hemodynamic values. One-month (94.2% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 95.0–93.4] versus 94.2% [95% CI, 97.1–91.4]) and 12-month (76.4% [95% CI, 77.9–74.8] versus 71.3% [95% CI, 77.4–65.2]) survival were similar at transplant and nontransplant centers, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.70–1.12]). Risk remained similar after adjustment for baseline characteristics (hazard ratio, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.69–1.12]). Freedom from death or major adverse event at 12 months (29.0% [95% CI, 30.6–27.3] versus 29.8% [95% CI, 36.0–23.6]) was similar at transplant and nontransplant centers (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.87–1.18]). Individual adverse event rates, rehospitalization, and postimplant health-related quality of life were also similar. Conclusions: In a large, modern cohort of destination therapy LVAD recipients, outcomes after implantation were similar at transplant and nontransplant centers.
Diversity matters: parent input predicts toddler verb production*

Abstract The contribution of parent input to children's subsequent expressive verb diversity was explored in twenty typically developing toddlers with small verb lexicons. Child developmental factors and parent input measures (i.e. verb quantity, verb diversity, and verb-related structural cues) at age 1;9 were examined as potential predictors of children's verb production in spontaneous language samples at age 2;3. Parent verb input diversity, rather than input quantity, was the primary input factor contributing to children's subsequent verb diversity. Regression analysis showed that verb diversity in parent input at age 1;9 accounted for 30% of the variance in children's verb production six months later, with children's total vocabulary size at age 1;9 accounting for an additional 16% of the variance. These findings demonstrate the relative contributions of developmental and input factors to individual differences in toddlers’ language development and establish the importance of input diversity to verb acquisition.
Theory and Algorithms for Forecasting Time Series

We present data-dependent learning bounds for the general scenario of non-stationary non-mixing stochastic processes. Our learning guarantees are expressed in terms of a data-dependent measure of sequential complexity and a discrepancy measure that can be estimated from data under some mild assumptions. We also also provide novel analysis of stable time series forecasting algorithm using this new notion of discrepancy that we introduce. We use our learning bounds to devise new algorithms for non-stationary time series forecasting for which we report some preliminary experimental results.
Minimum cost design of a truck floor welded from aluminium-alloy profiles

The aluminium floor of a truck consists of extruded Al-alloy longitudinal and cross members (A;MgSi0.7 - alloy 6005A) as well as a tread deck plate (AlMg2.5 - alloy 5052). It is shown that, using an optimum design process, significant mass and cost savings may be achieved by decreasing the deck plate thickness and changing the profile, dimensions and number of cross members. Design constraints relate to fatigue stress range of welded joints, to local buckling of extruded profiles and to fabrication size limitations. A special loading case is also considered when a wheel is staying on a curb and the floor is distorted.
Usefulness for the combination of G protein- and β-arrestin-biased ligands of μ-opioid receptors: Prevention of antinociceptive tolerance

Background µ-Opioid receptor internalization is considered to be critically linked to antinociceptive tolerance. Although µ-opioid receptor agonists have been administered simultaneously with other drugs to control pain, little information is available regarding opioid–opioid interactions. Therefore, the present study was designed to further investigate the utility of a new G protein-biased ligand for µ-opioid receptors, TRV130, which has an antinociceptive effect without β-arrestin-dependent µ-opioid receptor internalization, and its combination with fentanyl using µ-opioid receptor-expressing cells and mice. Results In the present study, we confirmed that fentanyl produced a profound increase in β-arrestin-2 recruitment accompanied by µ-opioid receptor internalization, whereas TRV130 did not induce either the recruitment of β-arrestin-2 or µ-opioid receptor internalization in µ-opioid receptor-expressing cells. Under these conditions, β-arrestin-2 recruitment accompanied by µ-opioid receptor internalization induced by fentanyl was abolished by TRV130, whereas TRV130 did not alter the reduction of cyclic adenosine monophosphate formation by fentanyl in µ-opioid receptor-expressing cells. In a behavioral assay, TRV130 exerted an antinociceptive effect in a hot-plate test in mice. In a combination test, the antinociceptive effect of TRV130 was synergistically increased by fentanyl. Fentanyl induced antihyperalgesia and development of its tolerance under a neuropathic pain-like state following sciatic nerve ligation. However, treatment of mice with an antinociceptive dose of TRV130 did not induce the rapid development of tolerance to its antihyperalgesic effect under a neuropathic pain-like state. Furthermore, the rapid development of tolerance to the antihyperalgesic effect induced by fentanyl plus TRV130 in mice with sciatic nerve ligation was not observed, unlike in the case of fentanyl alone. Conclusions These findings provide evidence that activation of the G protein-biased pathway through µ-opioid receptors can alter signaling in the β-arrestin-2 pathway linked to the stimulation of µ-opioid receptors. Furthermore, the combination of G protein-biased and β-arrestin-biased ligands of µ-opioid receptors exerts an ideal antinociceptive effect without the rapid development of antinociceptive tolerance.
Kinetics of plasma apolipoprotein E isoforms by LC-MS/MS: a pilot study[S]

Human apoE exhibits three major isoforms (apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4) corresponding to polymorphism in the APOE gene. Total plasma apoE concentrations are closely related to these isoforms, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We aimed to describe the kinetics of apoE individual isoforms to explore the mechanisms for variable total apoE plasma concentrations. We used LC-MS/MS to discriminate between isoforms by identifying specific peptide sequences in subjects (three E2/E3, three E3/E3, and three E3/E4 phenotypes) who received a primed constant infusion of 2H3-leucine for 14 h. apoE concentrations and leucine enrichments were measured hourly in plasma. Concentrations of apoE2 were higher than apoE3, and concentrations of apoE4 were lower than apoE3. There was no difference between apoE3 and apoE4 catabolic rates and between apoE2 and apoE3 production rates (PRs), but apoE2 catabolic rates and apoE4 PRs were lower. The mechanisms leading to the difference in total plasma apoE concentrations are therefore related to contrasted kinetics of the isoforms. Production or catabolic rates are differently affected according to the specific isoforms. On these grounds, studies on the regulation of the involved biochemical pathways and the impact of pathological environments are now warranted.
Effects of gamma irradiation on the shelf-life of frozen tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1798)

The effects of three levels of irradiation (3, 6 and 9 KGy) during storage period (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days) were evaluated in frozen tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Biochemical composition was analyzed before and after treatment. Quality of tiger shrimp was assessed through organoleptic, chemical (Total Volatile Nitrogen, TVN and Trimethylamine, TMA) and microbiological (Total Bacterial Count (TBC); Total Mold Counts (TMC); Total Yeast Count, (TYC); Total Coliform Count, (TCC) and Salmonella count) evaluation at an interval of 15 days during the storage period. High doses of radiation affected on the texture of fish. While, the maximum shelf life was observed for 9 KGy irradiated sample. All the samples were acceptable during 90 days of storage period because the upper limit of all spoilage indicators did not exceed the recommended values. International Journal of Natural Sciences (2014), 4(1) 10-15
Towards Predicting Basin-Wide Invertebrate Organic Biomass and Production in Marine Sediments from a Coastal Sea

Detailed knowledge of environmental conditions is required to understand faunal production in coastal seas with topographic and hydrographic complexity. We test the hypothesis that organic biomass and production of subtidal sediment invertebrates throughout the Strait of Georgia, west coast of Canada, can be predicted by depth, substrate type and organic flux modified to reflect lability and age of material. A basin-wide database of biological, geochemical and flux data was analysed using an empirical production/biomass (P/B) model to test this hypothesis. This analysis is unique in the spatial extent and detail of P/B and concurrent environmental measurements over a temperate coastal region. Modified organic flux was the most important predictor of organic biomass and production. Depth and substrate type were secondary modifiers. Between 69–74% of variability in biomass and production could be explained by the combined environmental factors. Organisms <1 mm were important contributors to biomass and production primarily in shallow, sandy sediments, where high P/B values were found despite low organic flux. Low biomass, production, and P/B values were found in the deep, northern basin and mainland fjords, which had silty sediments, low organic flux, low biomass of organisms <1 mm, and dominance by large, slow-growing macrofauna. In the highest organic flux and biomass areas near the Fraser River discharge, production did not increase beyond moderate flux levels. Although highly productive, this area had low P/B. Clearly, food input is insufficient to explain the complex patterns in faunal production revealed here. Additional environmental factors (depth, substrate type and unmeasured factors) are important modifiers of these patterns. Potential reasons for the above patterns are explored, along with a discussion of unmeasured factors possibly responsible for unexplained (30%) variance in biomass and production. We now have the tools for basin-wide first-order estimates of sediment invertebrate production.