Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Visco-hyperelastic Model With Damage for the Knee Ligaments Under Dynamic Constraints

The aim of this study was to identify the behaviour laws governing the knee ligaments, accounting for the damage incurred by the structure under dynamic constraints. The model is developed using a thermodynamic formulation based on the coupling between a viscoelastic model and a damage model. Identification is carried out using the results of dynamic traction tests performed on a bone ligament/bone complex to which traction velocities of around 1.98 m/s were applied. The results show the ability of the model to account for the brittle and ductile failure processes occurring in the cruciate and lateral ligaments, respectively.
An investigation of Taiwanese high school students’ science learning self-efficacy in relation to their conceptions of learning science

Background: Past studies have shown significant associations between students’ conceptions of learning science and their science learning self-efficacy. However, in most of the studies, students’ science learning self-efficacy has often been measured by a singular scale. Purpose: Extending the findings of these studies, the present study adopted a multi-dimensional instrument to assess Taiwanese high school students’ science learning self-efficacy and investigate the relationships with their conceptions of learning science. Sample: A total of 488 Taiwanese high school students (265 male and 223 female) were invited to participate in this survey. Design and method: All the participants responded to the Conceptions of Learning Science (COLS) questionnaire regarding ‘Memorizing’, ‘Testing’, ‘Calculating and practicing’, ‘Increase of knowledge’, ‘Applying’ and ‘Understanding and seeing in a new way’ and the Science Learning Self-Efficacy (SLSE) instrument, including ‘Conceptual understanding’, ‘Higher-Order cognitive skills’, ‘Practical work’, ‘Everyday application’ and ‘Science communication’. Results: The path analysis results derived from the structural equation modeling method indicated that, of all five SLSE dimensions, the ‘Understanding and seeing in a new way’ COLS displayed as a positive predictor, while the ‘Testing’ COLS was a significant negative predictor. The ‘Applying’ COLS item can only positively contribute to the SLSE dimensions of ‘Higher-Order thinking skills’, ‘Everyday application’ and ‘Science Communication’. Conclusions: In general, students in strong agreement with learning science as understanding and seeing in a new way or the application of learned scientific knowledge are prone to possess higher confidence in learning science. However, students who consider learning science in terms of preparing for tests and examinations tend to hold lower science learning self-efficacy.
Leading at the Confluence of Tradition and Globalization: The Challenge of Change in Thai Schools

Abstract This paper will use a review methodology to explore the theoretical and empirical basis for understanding differences in the management of change among principals operating in two different cultural contexts: Thailand and the United States. The paper will first present a summary of the knowledge base underlying change management in North American schools. In the second part of the paper we explore the theoretical and empirical basis for understanding how principals manage change in Thai schools. The significance of the paper lies in two areas. First, we seek to contribute to the nascent literature on the cross-cultural dimensions of educational leadership. Second, the paper fills a gap by beginning to explicate the nature of change leadership in modern Thai schools.
The power of our words.

4. Skim the many quotes of effective teacher language in this introduction. What, if anything, strikes you about them? Does anything jump out as similar to or different from the way you usually speak to students? Published by Center for Responsive Schools, developer of the Responsive Classroom approach, a research-based educational approach associated with greater teacher effectiveness, higher student achievement, and improved school climate.
Sites of copy choice replication involved in generation of vesicular stomatitis virus defective-interfering particle RNAs

The copy choice model for the generation of defective interfering (DI) particles of vesicular stomatitis virus suggests that during replication the polymerase prematurely terminates, moves with the nascent daughter strand to another site on the same or a different template molecule, and resumes elongation of the nascent chain. We have analyzed the sites where premature termination or resumption of replication has occurred during the generation of the deletion DI particle LT, the snapback DI particle 011, and the panhandle DI particles T, T(L), and 611. The recombination sites were identified by comparing the nucleotide sequences of the relevant regions of these DI particle RNAs to those of the vesicular stomatitis virus L gene (Schubert et al., J. Virol. 51:505-514, 1984). Sequence homology was not detected between these sites, which rules out the existence of a general terminator or promoter sequence involved in copy choice replication. In several cases, however, premature termination or resumption of RNA replication may be favored by specific signal sequences. The sequences immediately before the start and at the end of the deletion in DI LT contain two hexanucleotides, ATCTGA and GATTGG, in a similar spacing. In these case of DI T and 611, but not of DI T(L), the end of the 5'-terminal region bears the hexanucleotide CCUCUU. This sequence is also repeated in the stem region in all three DI particle genomes. In addition, we present data that the added 3'-terminal regions of the panhandle DI particle RNAs may differ by only one base and are 46 [DI T(L) and 611] or 45 (DI T) bases long. We suggest that each site of the vesicular stomatitis virus genome has the potential to give rise to DI particle RNAs. Specific sequences, however, may modulate this process in a quantitative way, and they favor the generation of certain types of DI particle genomes like those of the panhandle type.
The effects of socio-economic status on BMI, waist:hip ratio and waist circumference in a group of Iranian women

Abstract Objective To assess the effects of socio-economic status (SES) on BMI, waist:hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC) in a group of Iranian women. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 888 women in Sistan and Baluchestan Province. SES was measured using level of education. In addition, parity, marital status and physical activity were assessed. Standardized measurements were taken, BMI and WHR were calculated. Results Low education level was a strong determinant of overweight and obesity among Iranian women. After controlling for age, women with higher education level had significantly lower BMI, WC and parity. Multiple linear regression analysis found a significant negative association of BMI and WC with education level and a significant positive association of BMI and WC with parity. Significant factors associated with obesity by a logistic regression model were education level (OR for university graduates v. illiterate or low literacy levels: 1·00 v. 3·70; P = 0·01), living with spouse (OR for married v. single subjects: 1·00 v. 0·15; P = 0·05), parity (OR for more than five v. less than two pregnancies: 1·00 v. 0·34; P = 0·03) and WC (OR for <0.88 cm v. ≥0.88 cm: 1·00 v. 11·20; P = 0·001). Conclusion The present study revealed that educational level, multiple pregnancies, marital status and lack of exercise are some possible explanations for the obesity among Sistan and Baluchestan women.
Theorizing the Relationship between Agency and Communion

A considerable amount of research and theorizing has been based on Bakan's (1966) concepts of agency and communion. While Bakan's original work and that of many other writers has implied that they work in opposition to each other, Wiggins (1991) and others have identified them as separate dimensions, with the note that they may interact with one another in certain social contexts. This paper argues that, since both agency and communion are important elements of the human psyche, there are strong theoretical, empirical and social reasons for exploring the conditions under which a mutually enhancing relationship exists or may be fostered. The argument draws on the field of group processes and Putnam's (1993) concept of social capital.
Inhibition of lung injury, inflammation, and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis by polyethylene glycol-conjugated catalase in a rapid inhalation model of asbestosis.

Several in vitro studies suggest the involvement of active oxygen metabolites in cell damage caused by asbestos. To determine if lung injury, inflammation, and asbestosis could be inhibited in vivo in a rapid-onset, inhalation model of disease, a novel method of chronic administration of antioxidant enzymes was developed. In brief, Fischer 344 rats were treated with polyethylene glycol-conjugated (PEG-) superoxide dismutase or catalase in osmotic pumps over a 10-day (5 days/wk for 2 wk) or 20-day (5 days/wk for 2 wk) period of exposure to crocidolite asbestos. Control rats included sham-exposed animals and those exposed to asbestos but receiving chemically inactivated enzymes. After 10 days of exposure to asbestos, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase, and total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were measured in one group of rats. Total and differnetial cell counts in BAL also were assessed. After 20 days of exposure, lungs of an additional group of rats were evaluated by histopathology and by measurement of hydroxyproline. Asbestos-associated elevations in LDH, protein, and total cell numbers in BAL were reduced in rats receiving PEG-catalase. Decreases in numbers of alveolar macrophages, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and lymphocytes occurred in these animals. Exposure to asbestos for 20 days caused significant increases in both the amount of hydroxyproline in lung and the severity and extent of fibrotic lesions as determined by histopathology. These indicators of asbestosis were inhibited in a dosage-dependent fashion in rats receiving PEG-catalase. Use of inactivated PEG-catalase failed to boost serum levels of catalase and did not inhibit asbestos-induced elevation of hydroxyproline in lung. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
HE-MAC: Harvest-Then-Transmit Based Modified EDCF MAC Protocol for Wireless Powered Sensor Networks

Energy transfer (ET) and energy harvesting (EH) through radio frequency (RF) signals are a promising technology that can reduce the dependency on batteries in wireless sensor networks. However, there is a tradeoff between the RF-based ET and data communication when they operate in the same frequency band. Therefore, a proper medium access control (MAC) protocol is needed in wireless powered sensor networks (WPSNs). However, a utilization degradation problem occurs when the distributed coordination function (DCF) MAC protocol of the IEEE 802.11 is applied to WPSNs. In order to overcome this problem, this paper extends the IEEE 802.11e enhanced DCF (EDCF) into a harvest-then-transmit-based modified EDCF MAC (HE-MAC) protocol. In addition, the HE-MAC’s Markov chain model and steady-state probabilities are derived and used in the performance analysis. Next, based on the steady-state conditions, optimization is conducted to maximize the EH rate, which satisfies the frame generation rate and transfers additional energy to achieve a self-sustained energy consumption profile. Finally, the simulation performance of EH protocols HE-MAC, RF-MAC, and DOS are compared, where the results show that HE-MAC provides in a superior performance for the range of interest.
Attitudes toward sport psychology consulting of adult athletes from the United States, United Kingdom, and Germany

Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore attitudes about sport psychology consulting of athletes living in the United States, United Kingdom, and Germany. The Sport Psychology Attitudes ‐ Revised form (SPA‐R; Martin, Kellmann, Lavallee, & Page, 2002) was administered to 404 athletes from the United States, 147 athletes from the United Kingdom, and 260 athletes from Germany. A 2 (Gender) x 3 (Nationality: American, British, and German) × 2 (Type of Sport: physical contact and physical non‐contact) MANCOVA was conducted with past sport psychology consulting experience as a covariate and attitudes about sport psychology as dependent variables. Follow‐up univariate and discriminant function analyses were then performed to identify the attitudes that maximized differences related to gender, nationality, and type of sport. Results revealed that attitudes about sport psychology services might be influenced by gender, nationality, and type of sport. Sport psychology practitioners must be sensitive to how personal characteristics and past experiences influence athletes’ expectations and attitudes toward sport psychology consulting to improve the services they offer.
Interest Rate Volatility and No-Arbitrage Term Structure Models

An important aspect of any dynamic model of volatility is the requirement that volatility be positive. We show that for no-arbitrage affine term structure models, this admissibility constraint gives rise to a tension in simultaneous fitting of the physical and risk-neutral yields forecasts. In resolving this tension, the risk-neutral dynamics is typically given more priority, thanks to its superior identification. Consequently, the time-series dynamics are derived partly from the cross-sectional information; thus, time-series yields forecasts are strongly influenced by the no-arbitrage constraints. We find that this feature in turn underlies the well-known failure of these models with stochastic volatility to explain the deviations from the Expectations Hypothesis observed in the data. ∗We thank Caio Almeida, Francisco Barillas, Riccardo Colacito, Hitesh Doshi, Greg Duffee, Michael Gallmeyer, Bob Kimmel, Jacob Sagi, Ken Singleton, Anders Trolle and seminar participants at the Banco de España Bank of Canada Workshop on Advances in Fixed Income Modeling, Emory Goizueta, EPFL/Lausanne, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, Federal Reserve Board, Gerzensee Asset Pricing Meetings (evening sessions), the 2012 Annual SoFiE meeting, the 2013 China International Conference in Finance, and University of Houston Bauer for helpful comments. †University of Southern California, Marshall School of Business, sjoslin@usc.edu ‡Kenan-Flagler Business School, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, anh le@unc.edu
Blockade of TRPA1 with HC‐030031 attenuates visceral nociception by a mechanism independent of inflammatory resident cells, nitric oxide and the opioid system

Some studies have shown a somatic nociceptive response due to the activation of transient receptor potential A1 channels (TRPA1), which is modulated by the TRPA1 antagonist HC‐030031. However, a few studies report the role of TRPA1 in visceral pain. Therefore, we investigated the participation of TRPA1 in visceral nociception and the involvement of nitric oxide, the opioid system and resident cells in the modulation of these channels.
Non-commercial Research and Educational Use including without Limitation Use in Instruction at Your Institution, Sending It to Specific Colleagues That You Know, and Providing a Copy to Your Institution's Administrator. All Other Uses, Reproduction and Distribution, including without Limitation Comm

The recent introduction of Content Distribution Networks (CDNs) enhances the delivery of high quality multimedia content to end users. In a CDN architecture, the content is replicated to so-called surrogate servers, generally at the edge of the transport network, to improve the quality of service (QoS) of streaming multimedia delivery services. By using peer-to-peer (P2P) technologies, these edge serv-ers can cooperate and provide a more scalable and robust service in a self-organizing CDN. In this paper, we propose a set of distributed replica placement algorithms (RPAs), based on an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation of the centralized content placement problem. These algorithms further enhance the CDN performance by optimizing the network and server load, reducing network delays and avoiding congestion. Although the proposed algorithms are designed for and tested on different network topologies, we focus on robust ring based CDNs in this study. Content placement on such a network topology can be calculated analytically and can be used for comparison.
Minority-Ethnic MPs and the Substantive Representation of Minority Interests in the House of Commons, 2005–2011

Black, Asian and minority-ethnic (BAME) citizens are under-represented in the House of Commons. Nevertheless, the Chambers ethnic composition has become more reflective of the general population as a result of the 2005 and 2010 parliamentary elections. The article seeks to map and explain variations in the extent to which BAME Members of Parliament (MPs) use the Chamber to articulate issues relevant to minority constituents. We compare the content of all parliamentary questions for written answer asked by BAME MPs between May 2005 and December 2011 to the questions asked by a matching sample of non-minority legislators. We find that BAME MPs ask more questions relating to the problems and rights of ethnic minorities in, and immigration to, the UK. However, we also find that all British MPs are responsive to the interests of minority constituents where these are geographically concentrated. Building on theoretical predictions derived from (1) models focusing on MPs political socialisation and (2) on the electoral incentives they are facing, we discover that the MPs in our sample respond systematically to electoral incentives, especially in the politically salient area of immigration policy. While these findings are in line with an ‘electoral-incentives model, a ‘socialisation model’ is better suited to explain the larger number of questions on the interests of ethnic minorities asked by Labour MPs.
Age-specific prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus infection among Minnesota children: effects of race/ethnicity and family environment.

BACKGROUND Primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection affects the host differently according to when in life it is acquired. Understanding risk factors for infection could be important for disease prevention, and the age-specific prevalence of infection must be known to optimize use of a prophylactic vaccine. METHODS Children 18 months to 19.9 years of age who had blood drawn for medical indications during an outpatient visit were eligible. Sera were tested for immunoglobulin G antibodies against EBV viral capsid antigen by enzyme immunoassay. Family demographic and socioeconomic data were obtained via scripted telephone questionnaires. RESULTS Consent was given for 876 of 914 (96%) subjects approached. Sera were available for 782 of 876 (89%) subjects and demographic/socioeconomic data obtained for 705 (90%) of them. Antibody prevalence, adjusted for age and sex, was as follows: non-Hispanic blacks, 74%; Asians, 62%, multiracial children, 54%; Hispanics, 50%; and non-Hispanic whites, 26%. The pattern of increases in antibody prevalence with age differed significantly by race/ethnicity, and was most divergent in the 2 youngest age groups. Adjusted EBV antibody prevalence decreased with greater household education among non-Hispanic whites, but was not associated with any other socioeconomic factor. In 42 of 51 (82%) families with >1 child in the study, the siblings' EBV antibody status was concordant (bootstrap P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Racial/ethnic differences in EBV antibody prevalence and concordance of antibody status among siblings prompt us to speculate that both genetics and family environment contribute to acquisition of EBV infection. The ideal age to give a prophylactic vaccine may differ according to race/ethnicity.
Eliciting Yucatan peninsula teachers' images of engineering and engineers

Data were collected using the Draw an Engineer test followed by unstructured informal interviews to determine individual conceptions of engineering and what engineers do, as well as to make a comparison between teachers' conceptions from two states of the Yucatan peninsula. Drawings and open-ended responses were analyzed following an inductive data analysis approach. Four main categories emerged: engineers in action, characteristics of an engineer, gender, and work context. The majority of participants in this study perceive engineers as male individuals that perform activities related to construction (in the case of Quintana Roo) or oil (in the case of Campeche) industries. Interviews supported main findings while helping researchers gain insight into individual reasoning behind the interviewed teachers' drawings and answers. Our results suggest differences on how Yucatan peninsula teachers perceive engineering and engineers based on the state where they are from, their gender, and grade in which they teach.
Localization of TGN38 to the trans-Golgi network: involvement of a cytoplasmic tyrosine-containing sequence

Protein localization to the TGN was investigated by examining the subcellular distribution of chimeric proteins in which the cytoplasmic and/or transmembrane domains of the TGN protein, TGN38, were substituted for the analogous domains of the plasma membrane protein, Tac. Using immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, the COOH- terminal cytoplasmic domain of TGN38 was found to be sufficient for localization of the chimeric proteins to the TGN. Deletion analysis identified an 11-amino acid segment containing the critical sequence, YQRL, as being sufficient for TGN localization. TGN localization was abrogated by mutation of the tyrosine or leucine residues in this sequence to alanine, or of the arginine residue to aspartate. In addition to specifying TGN localization, the 11-amino acid segment was active as an internalization signal, although the property of internalization alone was insufficient to confer TGN localization. Overexpression of chimeric proteins containing TGN localization determinants resulted in their detection at the plasma membrane and in intracellular vesicles, and abolished detection of endogenous TGN38. These results suggest that discrete cytoplasmic determinants can mediate protein localization to the TGN, and reveal a novel role for tyrosine-based motifs in this process.
RUNAWAY SEXUAL SELECTION WITHOUT GENETIC CORRELATIONS: SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTS AND FLEXIBLE MATE CHOICE INITIATE AND ENHANCE THE FISHER PROCESS

Female mating preferences are often flexible, reflecting the social environment in which they are expressed. Associated indirect genetic effects (IGEs) can affect the rate and direction of evolutionary change, but sexual selection models do not capture these dynamics. We incorporate IGEs into quantitative genetic models to explore how variation in social environments and mate choice flexibility influence Fisherian sexual selection. The importance of IGEs is that runaway sexual selection can occur in the absence of a genetic correlation between male traits and female preferences. Social influences can facilitate the initiation of the runaway process and increase the rate of trait elaboration. Incorporating costs to choice do not alter the main findings. Our model provides testable predictions: (1) genetic covariances between male traits and female preferences may not exist, (2) social flexibility in female choice will be common in populations experiencing strong sexual selection, (3) variation in social environments should be associated with rapid sexual trait divergence, and (4) secondary sexual traits will be more elaborate than previously predicted. Allowing feedback from the social environment resolves discrepancies between theoretical predictions and empirical data, such as why indirect selection on female preferences, theoretically weak, might be sufficient for preferences to become elaborated.