Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expectations and Reputations in Bargaining: An Experimental Study

ADMINISTRATIVE APPOINTMENTS • Craig and Susan McCaw Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, Stanford University, (2013present) • McCaw Senior Visiting Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, Stanford, (2012-2012) • George Gund Professor of Economics and Business Administration Emeritus, Harvard University, (2012present) • George Gund Professor of Economics and Business Administration, Department of Economics, Harvard University, and Harvard Business School, (1998-2012) • A.W. Mellon Professor of Economics, University of Pittsburgh, (1982-1998) • Fellow, Center for Philosophy of Science, University of Pittsburgh, (1983-1998) • Professor of Business Administration, Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh, (1985-1998) • Professor, Department of Business Administration, University of Illinois, (1979-1982) • Professor, Department of Economics, University of Illinois, (1979-1982) • Beckman Associate, Center for Advanced Study, University of Illinois, (1981-1982) • Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration and Department of Economics, University of Illinois, (1974-1979) • Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration and Department of Economics, University of Illinois, (1977-1979) • Institute Associate, Institute for Mathematical Studies in the Social Sciences, Stanford University. , (1978-1978) • Mendes-France Visiting Professor of Economics, The Technion, Haifa, Israel, (1986-1986) • Bogen Visiting Professor, Department of Economics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, (1995-1995) • Visiting Professor, Department of Economics, University of Tel Aviv, Israel, (1995-1995) • Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), (1998present) • Senior Fellow, Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR), (2013present)
Temperature increase during orthodontic bonding with different curing units using an infrared camera

Abstract Aim. To evaluate the effects of different curing units and light-tip tooth surface distances on the temperature increase generated during orthodontic bonding, using an infrared camera (IR) and artificial neural networks (ANN). Materials and methods. Fifty-two freshly extracted human premolar teeth were used. Metallic orthodontic brackets were bonded to the buccal surfaces of the teeth and thermal records were taken using an IR camera and ANN. Brackets were cured with a light-emitting diode (LED) and high intensity halogen (HQTH). Teeth were divided into four groups according to the curing units (LED and HQTH) and curing distances (from tooth surface and 10 mm away from tooth surface). The results were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey HSD test. Results. The ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests revealed that temperature changes were influenced by the type of light source and exposure times. All groups revealed significant differences between each other (p < 0.001). The highest surface temperature increase was gained from curing with a LED unit from the tooth surface (11.35°C ± 0.91°C). The lowest surface temperature increase was gained from curing with a HQTH unit 10 mm away from the tooth surface (2.57°C ± 0.6°C). Conclusion. The LED unit induced significantly higher temperature changes than did the HQTH. The temperature increase during orthodontic bonding was increased with long exposure time. A shorter light-tip tooth surface distance leads to greater increases in temperature.
Incidence and mortality of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis in the UK

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and sarcoidosis are common diagnoses in patients attending chest clinics, but little is known about the epidemiology of these diseases. We used data from a general practice database to provide information on the current incidence of IPF and sarcoidosis in the UK. Methods: Data were extracted for all patients with a diagnosis of IPF or sarcoidosis between 1991 and 2003. The whole population of the database was used to calculate disease incidence stratified by age, sex, region, and time period. Poisson regression was used to compare the incidence between populations and Cox regression was used to compare survival between populations. Results: 920 cases of IPF (mean age 71 years, 62% male) and 1019 cases of sarcoidosis (mean age 47 years, 47% male) were identified. The overall incidence rate per 100 000 person-years was 4.6 for IPF and 5.0 for sarcoidosis. The incidence of IPF increased progressively between 1991 and 2003 (p<0.00001), and was highest in Northern England and Scotland (p<0.0001). The survival of patients with IPF was stable over time. In contrast, the incidence of sarcoidosis was highest in London, West Midlands and Northern Ireland and remained stable over time. Conclusions: The incidence of IPF has more than doubled between 1990 and 2003; this is not due to the ageing of the UK population or an increased ascertainment of milder cases. The incidence of sarcoidosis has not changed during this time period. Our findings suggest that more than 4000 new cases of IPF and 3000 new cases of sarcoidosis are currently diagnosed each year in the UK.
Mobile recommender systems: Identifying the major concepts

This article identifies the factors that have an impact on mobile recommender systems. Recommender systems have become a technology that has been widely used by various online applications in situations where there is an information overload problem. Numerous applications such as e-Commerce, video platforms and social networks provide personalised recommendations to their users and this has improved the user experience and vendor revenues. The development of recommender systems has been focused mostly on the proposal of new algorithms that provide more accurate recommendations. However, the use of mobile devices and the rapid growth of the Internet and networking infrastructure have brought the necessity of using mobile recommender systems. The links between web and mobile recommender systems are described along with how the recommendations in mobile environments can be improved. This work is focused on identifying the links between web and mobile recommender systems and to provide solid future directions that aim to lead in a more integrated mobile recommendation domain.
Habit Persistence in Overlapping Generations Economies under Pure Exchange

Abstract This paper analyzes the implications of habit persistence preferences for savings and equilibrium dynamics in the context of an overlapping generations model under pure exchange. We show that habit persistence can convert an economy which otherwise has no role for government currency into an economy where there does exist a role for such currency. Further, the increased saving induced by habit persistence implies that governments are able to float higher levels of deficits in such economies relative to economies without habit persistence. The paper also shows that relative to standard preferences, habit persistence preferences cause the savings function to become decreasing in the rate of interest at lower values for relative risk aversion. This is of particular interest since the paper demonstrates that this result is closely related to the relative success of models with habit persistence in explaining the equity premium puzzle.Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Numbers: E21, E32.
Inquisitorial Adjudication and Institutional Constraints in Chinese Civil Justice

Based on participatory observations of trials and extensive interviews with judges, this article examines the operation patterns of the civil justice process in China and explores the underlying reasons behind. It finds that despite the reform efforts placing more responsibility on the litigants, the Chinese civil proceeding remains largely inquisitorial. The decline of out-court investigation is evident, yet judges rely on a limited form of cross-examination aimed to obtain oral testimony that can be used to justify a decision. This kind of judge-initiated questioning becomes an inexpensive substitute for the previously labor-intensive court investigation. The article further argues that the fact that the judges do not adjudicate based on whatever evidence presented by the litigation parties is mainly attributed to the institutional constraints to which the judges are subject. They respond to the incentives by handling cases efficiently with the minimum possibility of reversal and complaint. The article concludes by offering theoretical implications on the study of comparative legal process more generally.
Double‐contrast barium enema and flexible sigmoidoscopy for routine colonic investigation

Over a 3‐year period, all patients referred for barium enema examination had a double‐contrast barium enema and flexible sigmoidoscopy performed on the same day. A total of 462 joint examinations were performed. Abnormalities were found in 193 patients by the use of barium enema, 164 patients by using sigmoidoscopy and 294 by the use of both methods of investigation. Sigmoidoscopy was superior to barium enema in the detection of polyps and inflammatory bowel disease but barium enema was more sensitive for diverticular disease. The presenting symptoms had no predictive value in distinguishing carcinoma, polyps and diverticular disease. Diverticular disease did not reduce the sensitivity of barium enema examination to polyps in the sigmoid colon. Fibreoptic sigmoidoscopy immediately before barium enema was well tolerated by patients. The investigations were complementary in the diagnosis of colonic polyps, inflammatory bowel disease and diverticular disease.
Characterizing the Touchstones of Educational Leadership: An Analysis of Distinguished Applied Doctorate Programs

Organizations are ever-present feature of a modern society. We look toward organization for food,education, employment, entertainment, healthcare, transportation and protection of basic rights. Nearlyevery aspect of modern life is influenced in one way or another by organization. Organizations aresocial entities that enable people to work together to achieve objectives. Job satisfaction refers tocertain experiences and qualities that are related to the ways a person thinks and feels. The feeling ofworthwhileness, which an individual has in particular in an occupational position, can be called jobsatisfaction.
An evaluation of cediranib as a new agent for alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS).

10001 Background: ASPS accounts for < 1% of soft tissue sarcomas. ASPS is associated with the t(X;17)(p11;q25) translocation, ASPL-TFE3 fusion protein. There is no effective systemic treatment for metastatic ASPS. Cediranib (C) is a potent oral inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR-1,-2,-3) tyrosine kinases. METHODS Phase II trial to determine the response rate (PR + CR) of patients (pts) with ASPS to C; assess the effect of C on tumor angiogenesis using DCE-MRI and proliferation using FDG-PET; and compare gene expression profiles in pre- and post-treatment tumor biopsies. Eligible pts (≥ 18 years) had documented metastatic ASPS; ECOG 0-2; and adequate bone marrow, hepatic, and renal function. Pts received 30 mg C by mouth, once a day in 28-day cycles. Tumor response was assessed using RECIST 1.1. Biopsies were performed at baseline and after 3-5 days of treatment. RESULTS A total of 36 pts have been enrolled since July 2009; age range 19-59 yrs. Twenty-eight pts are evaluable for response (completed ≥ 2 cycles); 12 pts had PR (43%), 4 pts had > 20% reduction in target lesions, and 6 others (with sufficient follow-up) were stable at 6 months, for a disease control rate (DCR) at 6 months (PR + SD) of 22/28=78%. Common toxicities (grade ≥ 2) included transaminitis, hypertension, diarrhea, tumor pain, and proteinuria. DCE-MRI and PET showed reduction in tumor blood flow and SUVs of target lesions, respectively. Expression profiles (Affymetrix U133 plus 2 arrays) from pre- and post-treatment biopsies (5 pts) revealed C significantly (p < 0.01) modulated expression of approximately 1000 genes across the cohort. Reproducible down-regulation of certain pro-angiogenic or endothelial-specific genes, including FLT1 and KDR (but not FLT4), ANGPT2 (angiopoietin 2, but not ANGPT1), and ESM1 (endothelial specific molecule 1), and upregulation of genes involved in the inflammatory response, were observed. CONCLUSIONS C has substantial single-agent activity in ASPS, with a > 40% response rate and a DCR of 78%. Gene expression profiling indicates an early effect of treatment on the angiogenesis pathway, concurrent with induction of a modest inflammatory response. Patient accrual is ongoing. Funded by NCI Contract No. HHSN261200800001E.
Effectiveness of a worksite exercise program with respect to perceived work ability and sick leaves among women with physical work.

OBJECTIVES This multicentered randomized controlled trial evaluated the effect of worksite exercise intervention on perceived work ability and sick leaves. METHODS Women (N = 260, mean age 40 years) engaged in physically demanding laundry work were individually randomized into an intervention (N = 133) or control (N = 127) group. Perceived work ability was assessed with questionnaires at 3, 8, 12, and 15 months. Sick leave information was obtained from the personnel administration. Follow-up attendance was 100% at 3 months but declined gradually to 90% by 15 months. Both the intervention and control subjects received a 30-minute feedback on their physical capacity from a physiotherapist and individual exercise prescription and counseling. The intervention subjects also participated in worksite exercise training guided by a physiotherapist. Sixty-minute sessions (N = 26) were held once a week for 8 months. About 50% of the intervention group participated in at least two-thirds of the sessions. RESULTS According to a dichotomized work ability index, at 12 months, workers with "good" or "excellent" work ability increased more in the intervention group than in the control group (11.0%, 95% CI 0.2-21.9), as did the health-related prognosis of work ability at 8 months (8.1%, 95% CI 0.5-16.3). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups as regards job satisfaction, work ability index (including series of questions on 7 items), or sick leaves. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity once a week at worksites improves the perceived work ability of women with physically demanding work only slightly. Perceived work ability and sick leaves cannot be affected very positively using single-component exercise intervention. Work ability promotion may need a more multiprofessional approach.
Susceptibility of Penicillinase‐Producing and Non‐Penicillinase-Producing Strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae lsolated in Durban, South Africa, to I5 α-Lactam Antibiotics

Using two different inoculum sizes (10(4) and 10(7) organisms), we tested 35 penicillinase-producing (PPNG) and 72 non-PPNG strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae falling into three categories (penicillin-sensitive, intermediately resistant, and resistant) by the agar-dilution method against 15 beta-lactam antibiotics. With the exception of penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, and cephradine, the isolates were uniformly sensitive to all the other antibiotics tested (including spectinomycin, tetracycline, rosoxacin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim [19:1 ratio], and kanamycin). Ceftriaxone and cefotaxime were the two most active compounds tested; all strains were inhibited at concentrations of 0.007 and 0.015 microgram/ml, respectively. Isolates with intrinsic resistance to penicillin were less susceptible to cefoxitin and cefuroxime than were PPNG strains. The effect of inoculum size varied for the different antibiotics; penicillin and cefaclor showed this effect only with PPNG strains, whereas for ampicillin and amoxicillin it was also seen with non-PPNG strains. Cephamandole showed this effect with both penicillin-sensitive and PPNG strains. In view of the increasing resistance to penicillin, we would recommend that alternative drugs be used as first line therapy for gonorrhea in South Africa.
Stimulation of the Nigrotectal Pathway at the Level of the Superior Colliculus Reduces Threat Recognition and Causes a Shift From Avoidance to Approach Behavior

Defensive behavioral responses are essential for survival in threating situations. The superior colliculus (SC) has been implicated in the generation of defensive behaviors elicited by visual, tactile and auditory stimuli. Furthermore, substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) neurons are known to exert a modulatory effect on midbrain tectum neural substrates. However, the functional role of this nigrotectal pathway in threating situations is still poorly understood. Using optogenetics in freely behaving mice, we activated SNr projections at the level of the SC, and assessed consequences on behavioral performance in an open field test (OFT) and the beetle mania task (BMT). The latter confronts a mouse with an erratic moving robo-beetle and allows to measure active and passive defensive responses upon frequent encounter of the threatening object. Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2)-mediated activation of the inhibitory nigrotectal pathway did not affect anxiety-like and exploratory behavior in the OFT, but increased the number of contacts between robo-beetle and test mouse in the BMT. Depending on the size of the arena, active avoidance responses were reduced, whereas tolerance and close following of the robo-beetle were significantly increased. We conclude from the data that the nigrotectal pathway plays holds the potential to modulate innate fear by attenuating threat recognition and causing a shift from defensive to approach behavior.
Exchange Rates and Oil Prices: A Multivariate Stochastic Volatility Analysis

This paper uses the multivariate stochastic volatility (MSV) and the multivariate GARCH (MGARCH) models to investigate the volatility interactions between the oil market and the foreign exchange (FX) market, in an attempt to extract information intertwined in the two for better volatility forecast. Our analysis takes into account structural breaks in the data. We find that when the markets are relatively calm (before the 2008 crisis), both oil and FX markets respond to shocks simultaneously and therefore no interaction is detected in daily data. However, during turbulent time, there is bi-directional volatility interaction between the two. In other words, innovations that hit one market also have some impact on the other at a later date and thus using such a dependence significantly improves the forecasting power of volatility models. The MSV models outperform others in fitting the data and forecasting exchange rate volatility. However, the MGARCH models do better job in forecasting oil volatility.
The influence of interactive, non-interactive, implicit and explicit CSR communication on young adults’ perception of UK supermarkets’ corporate brand image and reputation

Purpose – Corporations communicate CSR policies through a variety of methods, and the goal of the study is to explore young adult consumers’ communication preferences and the implications for managers to effectively communicate CSR to boost their corporate brand image and reputation. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Set within the context of the UK supermarket industry, the study adopts a qualitative research approach and a purposeful sampling method, collecting data from 30 young adult consumers in the south-east of the UK. The data collection method used was online bulletin board focus groups, face-to-face focus groups, face-to-face interviews and an online questionnaire. Research propositions are developed, evaluated and synthesized into a conceptual framework. Findings – The findings show that interactive CSR communication functions as an effective method of improving consumers’ emotional brand value, knowledge and memory of supermarket CSR. The findings have the p.
Institutional effects on the presence of trade unions at the workplace: Moderation in a multilevel setting

Previous research has found that the presence of a union at a workplace is an important individual-level determinant of union membership. The present article, drawing on a multilevel analysis of 21 European countries, provides further evidence which nuances the conclusions of previous studies by introducing and testing institutional moderation effects. Thus, in countries with Ghent systems, having a union at workplace is less important, since probability of membership is already very high. Conversely, if there are extension mechanisms for collective agreements there is less incentive to join a trade union, and this is not compensated even when there is an active union at the workplace.
AN APPLICATION OF ACTIVITY BASED COSTING IN THE AIR CONDITIONER MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY

AIRCO is a manufacturer of industrial air conditioner units whose management is concerned that their current traditional cost accounting (TCA) system is not accurately representing their product cost behavior. Under certain operating conditions, an activity based costing (ABC) system can provide relevant and accurate indirect cost information that assists in making customer, product, and process improvement decisions. An ABC system was successfully developed for AIRCO that indicated that their products do not consume overhead costs on a volume basis as represented by their current TCA system. Valuable product and process information were obtained. This case study details the development process that was used and the results that were obtained during the ABC analysis.
Non-Standard Work in Two Different Employment Regimes

This article examines organizations’ use of non-standard work arrangements - fixed-term employees hired directly by the organization, workers from temporary help agencies (THA), and contractors - in the United States and Norway. Our analysis is based on information obtained from surveys of 802 establishments in the US and 2130 in Norway. We find that Norwegian establishments make greater use of non-standard arrangements than the US establishments; we argue that this is due in part to the greater overall restrictive labour market regulations on hiring and firing regular workers, and greater demand for temporary labour resulting from generous access to leaves of absence, in Norway. We also find that certain institutional factors have a similar impact in both countries. First, establishments in the public sector are more likely to use direct-hired temporary workers and less apt to use contractors and THAs; this pattern is particularly striking in Norway, but is also evident in the United States. Second, highly unionized establishments tend to have the lowest use of non-standard arrangements in both countries.
Plasmid-associated cell surface charge and hydrophobicity of Yersinia enterocolitica

Virulent strains of Yersinia enterocolitica and their plasmidless, avirulent derivatives were examined for their cell surface properties. Increased surface charge and hydrophobicity of Y. enterocolitica were found to be associated with the possession of a 40- to 48-megadalton plasmid. These surface properties were expressed, as were other plasmid-associated properties, at 37 but not at 22 degrees C. The concentration of calcium in the growth medium had a moderate effect on the expression of the cell surface properties. These cell surface properties were greatly reduced among plasmid-bearing cells grown on tryptic soy agarose regardless of growth temperatures. These properties were also associated with the ability of Y. enterocolitica to colonize the gastrointestinal tract of mice.