Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three Rs of Interpersonal Consumer Guilt: Relationship, Reciprocity, Reparation

This article explores the role of consumer guilt in a retail context. The results of a field study indicate that a consumer's lack of purchase can lead to a guilt response when social connectedness with a salesperson exists and the consumer perceives he or she has control over the purchase decision. A subsequent laboratory study established that when consumers experience guilt, they intend to pursue reparative actions during future purchase interactions with the salesperson to reciprocate the initial connection they established. This reparation is directed specifically toward the salesperson and not the firm.
A Synthetic Benchmark

A simple method of measuring performance is by means of a benchmark program. Unless such a program is carefully constructed it is unlikely to be typical of the many thousands of programs run at an installation. An example benchmark for measuring the processor power of scientific computers is presente d: this is compared with other methods of assessing computer power. (Received December 1974) An important characteristic of computers used for scientifi c work is the speed of the central processor unit. A simple technique for comparing this speed for a variety of machines is to time some clearly defined task on each one. Un fortunately the ratio of speeds obtained varies enormously with the nature of the task being performed. If the task is defined informally in words, large variations c an be caused by small differences in the tasks actually performed on the machines. These variations can be largely overcome by using a high level language to specify the task. An additional advantage of this method is that the efficiency of the compile r and the differences in machine architecture are automatically taken into account. In any case, most scientific programming is performed in high level languages, so these measurements will be a better guide to the machine’s capabilities than measuremen ts based on use of low level languages. An example of the use of machine-independent languages to measure processing speed appears in Wichmann [7] which gives the times taken in microseconds to execute 42 basic statements in ALGOL 60 on some 50 machines. The times were measured by placing each statement in a loop executed sufficiently often to give a reasonable interval to measure. The time for the statement is found by taking from this interval the same measurement with a dummy statement and dividing by the number of repetitions. The two thousand or so time measurements provide a lot of information about the various implementations of ALGOL 60 but do not directly give a performance measure. With basic statement times for only two machines, the average of the 42 ratios between the times provides a simple comparative measure. This technique can be generalised by assuming that the times Tij for a statement i (i = 1 to n) on machine j (j = 1 to m) satisfies
Narcissism and the use of personal pronouns revisited.

[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 109(3) of Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (see record 2015-37773-002). The authors erroneously reported the overall correlation, first stated in the abstract, between Narcissism and total first-person-singular use as . 02 (.017) instead of . 01 (.010). The misreporting of the overall correlation between Narcissism and total use of first-person singular does not change the results or interpretation in any way (i.e., the near-zero association between Narcissism and I-talk). The online version of this article has been corrected. ] Among both laypersons and researchers, extensive use of first-person singular pronouns (i.e., I-talk) is considered a face-valid linguistic marker of narcissism. However, the assumed relation between narcissism and I-talk has yet to be subjected to a strong empirical test. Accordingly, we conducted a large-scale (N = 4,811), multisite (5 labs), multimeasure (5 narcissism measures) and dual-language (English and German) investigation to quantify how strongly narcissism is related to using more first-person singular pronouns across different theoretically relevant communication contexts (identity-related, personal, impersonal, private, public, and stream-of-consciousness tasks). Overall (r = .02, 95% CI [-.02, .04]) and within the sampled contexts, narcissism was unrelated to use of first-person singular pronouns (total, subjective, objective, and possessive). This consistent near-zero effect has important implications for making inferences about narcissism from pronoun use and prompts questions about why I-talk tends to be strongly perceived as an indicator of narcissism in the absence of an underlying actual association between the 2 variables. (PsycINFO Database Record
The Parameters of the Risk Society

This article offers a review and exploration of the parameters of the risk society. The primary focus is on the theoretical works of German sociologist Ulrich Beck and British sociologist Anthony Giddens, and in particular, their claim that we are living in a second, reflexive age of modernity, or risk society, characterized by an omnipresence of low probability—high consequence technological risks. The article concludes that the theorists of the risk society succeed in their goal of raising important questions for reflection and for future research. The risk society thesis succeeds in describing the emergence of a risk ethos, the development of a collective risk identity and the formation of communities united by an increasing vulnerability to risk. It draws attention to how the essentialist nature of risk has been transformed and how the origins and impact of risk have been reassessed. The theory points to a reconfiguration in the way risk is identified, evaluated, communicated and governed. The risk society expands the traditional concept of risk understood as the sum of the probability of an adverse event and the magnitude of the consequences, to include the subjective perception of risk, the inter-subjective communication of risk and the social experience of living in a risk environment. Finally, the theorists of the risk society succeed in iterating that it is not just health and the environment that are at risk, but in addition, the fundamental sociopolitical values of liberty, equality, justice, rights and democracy are now at risk.
Considerations for Informing Safer Sex Education Work with Men with Learning Disabilities

The sexuality of men with learning disabilities suggests that sexual health should be placed alongside consent to sex as a priority for sex education. This paper reviews HIV prevention and safer sex education work with men with learning disabilities, identifying considerations for responding to HIV in its third decade. While the effective targeting of HIV prevention remains with men with learning disabilities who have sex with men, new considerations are also emerging from experience with sex education, staff training and HIV prevention more widely, helping reshape and inform service responses and individual work.
Interhemispheric interaction in word‐ and color‐matching of Kanji color words1

: The aim of the present study was to investigate the possibility that a shift toward a within-hemisphere advantage would emerge when two stimulus items receive, respectively, different processing (vs. when they receive similar processing). Using right-handed participants, we briefly presented two Kanji color-word items as either within-field or across-fields. Viewers had to match the two items in terms of ink color (a color-matching task) or word meaning (a name-matching task). Each Kanji color word was presented with the same (congruent) or different (incongruent) ink color relative to the word meaning. Our results were twofold. First, a within-field advantage appeared in the relatively easier color-matching task, whereas an across-field advantage tended to occur in the relatively harder name-matching task. Second, in the word-matching task an across-field advantage appeared when both Kanji color words appeared in similar processing manners (both congruent or both incongruent), whereas a within-field advantage occurred when processing of two Kanji items differed (one congruent and one incongruent). These results suggested that a shift toward a within-hemisphere advantage occurs when two items are processed in respectively different ways.
Elucidation of Glutathione-S-transferase Activity Induced by Pectin-Cisplatin Nano-conjugates for Optimization of New Therapeutic Strategies

Despite tremendous efforts to search novel drugs and treatments, cancer continues to be a major health hazard. Modulation of cellular responses to platinating agents has important clinical implications as they are still heavily prescribed against various cancers. First line chemotherapeutic drug used for treating solid tumors, displays dose limiting nephrotoxicity. Natural products are being sought in order to improve the anticancer efficacy of cisplatin. Pectin, a plant polysaccharide have reported strong anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties. In our study, Pectin- Cisplatin nanoconjugates in size range of (200 ± 20 nm) were synthesized and assessed for their anti-cancer and renoprotective role. The cytotoxicity of Pec-cis nanoconjugates and cis per se was assessed and co-related with the Glutathione-s-transferase level in both, in-vitro (B-16/F-10 mouse melanoma cell line) and in-vivo models (C57BL6 mice) in time (24 hours, 48 hours) and dose dependent (30 μg/ml and 60 μg/ml) manner. Our findings revealed that pectin-cisplatinnanoconjugates exhibited cytotoxicity similar to the cisplatin solution at 1/10th of the cisplatin content, which indicates a possible synergism between the activity of the cisplatin and pectin. MDA and histological findings were corraborated for altered renal function in tumor bearing mice. Enhanced GST level was reported post pectincisplatin nanoconjugates administration which confirmed that pectin-cisplatin treatment ameliorated both functional and histopathologic damage. This was further verified by lowered MDA levels when compared to cisplatinper se. Therefore, our results confirmed that Pectin-cisplatin nanoconjugates exhibited anti-tumor properties and rendered partial protection against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity thereby proving the biocompatibility of pectin-cisplatin nanoconjugates for therapeutic purposes.
The limitations of whiteness and the boundaries of Englishness

The focus of this article is the second-generation Irish in England. It is based on data collected as part of the Irish 2 project, which examined processes of identity formation amongst the second-generation Irish population in England and Scotland. The article examines and maps identifications and positionings of second-generation Irish people and discusses how two hegemonic domains - Ireland and England - intersect in the lives of the children of Irish-born parents, with material and psychological consequences. Their positionings in multiethnic Britain are compared with those of ‘visible’ minority ethnic groups, and their narratives of belonging and non-belonging are analysed in terms of the limitations of whiteness and the boundaries of Englishness.
Rethinking female circumcision

Abstract Female circumcision is practised in more than twenty African countries as well as in a number of countries in the Middle East, and it has been estimated that at least 100 million females have been circumcised worldwide. It is striking, however, that much more concern has been expressed about female circumcision than about other operations or infections which adversely affect the reproductive health of women. In the academic arena, it is also interesting that gynaecologists, epidemiologists and anthropologists have tended to focus on a relatively small number of questions, and even these have rarely been investigated in any depth. This article focuses on the work of researchers from Europe and North America in order to show that intense emotions underlie this interest and concern. Amidst growing interest in the anthropology of emotions it is suggested that greater attention should be paid to understanding the source of these emotions and the way in which they influence fieldwork and data analysis. Until it is, our understanding of female circumcision will remain partial, as data will continue to be collected and interpreted in an inadequate way. Résumé La circoncision féminine est pratiquée dans plus de vingt pays africains ainsi que dans un certain nombre de pays du Moyen Orient, et il a été estimé quʼau moins 100 million de femmes ont été circonsisées dans le monde. Il est frappant, cependant, que beaucoup plus de préoccupations aient été exprimées au sujet de la circoncision féminine quʼà propos de la santé reproductrice des femmes. Dans le milieu intellectuel, il est aussi intéressant de voir que les gynécologues, les épidémiologues et les antropologues ont eu tendance à se concentrer sur un nombre de questions assez limitées, et encore celles-ci ont été rarement examinées en profondeur. Cet article examine le travail des chercheurs en Europe et en Amérique du Nord afin de montrer que des émotions intenses soulignent cet intérêt et ces préoccupations. Au milieu de l'intérêt grandissant porté à l'antropologie des émotions, il est suggéré quʼune plus grande attention devrait être prêtée à essayer de comprendre la source de ces émotions et la manière dont celles-ci influencent l'enquête de terrain et l'analyse des données. Jusquʼà ce que cela se produise, notre compréhension de la circoncision féminine restera seulement partielle comme les données continuent à être rassemblées et analysées de façon inadéquate.
Roflumilast and aquaporin‐2 regulation in rat renal inner medullary collecting duct

Roflumilast is a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor that is FDA‐approved for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. With a view toward possible use for treatment of patients with X‐linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) due to hemizygous mutations in the V2 vasopressin receptor, this study sought to determine the effect of roflumilast on aquaporin‐2 (AQP2) phosphorylation, AQP2 trafficking, and water permeability in the rat inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD). In the presence of the vasopressin analog dDAVP (0.1 nmol/L), both roflumilast and its active metabolite roflumilast N‐oxide (RNO) significantly increased phosphorylation at S256, S264, and S269, and decreased phosphorylation at S261 (immunoblotting) in IMCD suspensions in a dose‐dependent manner (3–3000 nmol/L). Another commonly used phosphodiesterase inhibitor, IBMX, affected phosphorylation only at the highest concentration in this range. However, neither roflumilast nor RNO had an effect on AQP2 phosphorylation in the absence of vasopressin. Furthermore, roflumilast alone did not increase AQP2 trafficking to the plasma membrane (immunofluorescence) or increase water permeability in freshly microdissected perfused IMCD segments. We conclude that roflumilast can be used to enhance vasopressin's action on AQP2 activity in the renal collecting duct, but has no detectable effect in the absence of vasopressin. These findings suggest that roflumilast may not have a beneficial effect in X‐linked NDI, but could find useful application in acquired NDI.
Preventing ovarian cancer through genetic testing: a population‐based study

Genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations, in conjunction with preventive salpingo‐oophorectomy for mutation carriers, may be used to prevent a proportion of invasive ovarian cancers (‘personalized medicine’). We evaluated the potential utility of this approach at a population level by reviewing the pedigree information and genetic test results from 1342 ovarian cancer patients in Ontario. Of the 1342 patients tested, 176 patients had a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation; of these, 48 women would have qualified for testing prior to the development of cancer based on the eligibility criteria in place for the province of Ontario. In summary, 48 of 1342 unselected cases of ovarian cancer (3.6%) might have been prevented if genetic testing criteria were universally applied to all women in Ontario at risk for ovarian cancer.
Preserved Knowledge of Self in a Case of Alzheimer's Dementia

Abstract We report the case of K. R. , an individual with Alzheimer's dementia. Although K. R. has difficulty retrieving even mundane facts about the world, she has accurate knowledge of her own personality. But the self she knows is out-of-date. K. R. 's inability to update her trait self-knowledge stands in contrast to other neuropsychological cases in which individuals can acquire and update their fund of personality knowledge despite impairments to semantic and episodic memory. Results add to the growing body of literature suggesting that semantic memory contains a subsystem devoted to the acquisition and representation of trait self-knowledge.
Rationalizing Delinquency

Multiple criminological theories predict that attitudes toward delinquency should affect an individual’s delinquent behavior. Criminological research, however, has not sufficiently incorporated social psychological theory predicting the reverse causal relationship, and tends to suffer from important methodological limitations. The present study addresses these issues using longitudinal data from the New Hampshire Youth Study (N = 626). After using latent variable models to demonstrate the discriminant validity of attitudinal and behavioral measures, it uses structural equation models to examine whether attitudes are stronger predictors of behavior or vice versa. Net of controls, results provide qualified support for a reciprocal relationship but suggest that behavior affects attitudes much more than attitudes affect behavior. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for future research and for interventions aimed at controlling delinquency.
The Distribution of Cosmic-Ray Sources in the Galaxy, Gamma-Rays and the Gradient in the CO-to-H2 Relation

We present a solution to the apparent discrepancy between the radial gradient in the diffuse Galactic γ-ray emissivity and the distribution of supernova remnants, believed to be the sources of cosmic rays. Recent determinations of the pulsar distribution have made the discrepancy even more apparent. The problem is shown to be plausibly solved by a variation in the WCO-to-N(H2) scaling factor. If this factor increases by a factor of 5-10 from the inner to the outer Galaxy, as expected from the Galactic metallicity gradient, we show that the source distribution required to match the radial gradient of γ-rays can be reconciled with the distribution of supernova remnants as traced by current studies of pulsars. The resulting model fits the EGRET γ-ray profiles extremely well in longitude, and reproduces the mid-latitude inner Galaxy intensities better than previous models.
An Examination of Organizational Ethics

Explanations of organizational behavior that encompass conventional views of business ethics are overly simplistic and limited in their ability to provide constructive guidance for managers to understand and to manage moral problems in organizations. A construct of the organization as a political community wherein moral action and behavioral outcomes may be assessed using the organization’s constitution is presented. The guiding question is ‘why do management effectiveness programs rarely work? ’.
Fearlessness and courage: A replication experiment

An attempt was made to replicate the finding that decorated bomb-disposal operators show lower cardiac activity under stress than do comparable but non-decorated operators. The performance under stress of three groups of soldiers (decorated operators, non-decorated operators, less experienced soldiers) was assessed by behavioural, psychophysiological, and subjective measures. The original result, showing lower cardiac activity under stress among decorated operators, was reproduced. With minor exceptions, no group differences in behavioural performance or in subjective activity were found. The results strengthen the view that it is possible to identify physiological indices of fearlessness.
Development of Gist Versus Verbatim Memory in Sentence Recognition: Effects of Lexical Familiarity, Semantic Content, Encoding Instructions, and Retention Interval

Fuzzy-trace theory is used to explore children's memory and comprehension of sentences describing spatial or linear relationships. Recognition tests were given immediately and after a week's delay, and test sentences'truth, wording (original or novel), and premise-inference status were varied. When children were instructed to recognize only verbatim sentences (Experiment 1), premise recognition (memory) was independent of systematic misrecognition of true inferences (reasoning), and experimental manipulations (delay; spatial vs. linear stimuli) drove memory and reasoning in opposite directions. Therefore, verbatim memories were not semantically integrated with gist, such as inferences. When children were specifically instructed to process gist (Experiment 2), however, memory and reasoning were positively dependent
Microvascular decompression surgery: surgical principles and technical nuances based on 4000 cases

Abstract Background: As an etiological treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and hemifacial spasm (HFS), microvascular decompression (MVD) has been popularized around the world. However, as a functional operation in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA), this process can be risky and the postoperative outcomes might not be good enough sometimes. Objective: In order to obtain a better result with less complication, this surgery should be further addressed. Methods: With experience of more than 4000 MVDs, we have gained knowledge about the operative technique. Through abundant intraoperative photos, each step of the procedure was demonstrated in detail and the surgical strategy was focused. Results: The principle of MVD is to separate the nerve-vessel confliction rather than isolate it with prostheses. A prompt identification of the conflict site is important, which hinges on a good exposure. A satisfactory working space can be established by an appropriate positioning of the patient's head and a proper craniectomy as well as a rational approach. A sharp dissection of arachnoids leads to a maximal visualization of the entire intracranial course of the nerve root. All the vessels contacting the trigeminal or facial nerve should be treated. Intraoperative electrophysiological mentoring is helpful to distinguish the offending artery for hemifacial cases. Conclusion: MVD is an effective treatment for the patient with TN or HFS. Immediate relief can be achieved by an experienced neurosurgeon with good knowledge of regional anatomy. A safe surgery is the tenet of MVD, and accordingly, no single step of the procedure should be ignored.
The Nature of Political Ideology in the Contemporary Electorate

Given the increasingly polarized nature of American poli- tics, renewed attention has been focused on the ideological nature of the mass public. Using Bayesian Item Response Theory (IRT), we examine the contemporary contours of policy attitudes as they relate to ideo- logical identity and we consider the implications for the way scholars conceptualize, measure, and use political ideology in empirical research. Although political rhetoric today is clearly organized by a single ideolog- ical dimension, we find that the belief systems of the mass public remain multidimensional, with many in the electorate holding liberal preferences on one dimension and conservative preferences on another. These cross- pressured individuals tend to self-identify as moderate (or say "Don't Know") in response to the standard liberal-conservative scale, thereby jeopardizing the validity of this commonly used measure. Our analysis further shows that failing to account for the multidimensional nature of ideological preferences can produce inaccurate predictions about the voting behavior of the American public.