Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Canadian or Indo-Canadian: a Study of South Asian Adolescents

ABSTRACT The researcher devised an acculturation scale in 1974 (Ghuman, 1975) and used it again, successfully, with a large sample of British adolescents (Ghuman, 1991). The present research was planned to investigate the acculturation attitudes of Indo-Canadian young people and to explore the reliability and validity of the scale in a different cultural milieu. One hundred boys and girls participated in the study. The sample scored very highly on the scale showing their willingness to take up the norms and values of Canadian society. However, they also wanted to retain some key elements of their parents' culture. Girls scored higher than boys, but not significantly so. The Canadian sample shows more favourable attitudes to acculturation than an equivalent British sample studied earlier by the researcher. The split-half reliability of the scale was very high indeed; the Spearman-Brown index was =0.85 and Cronbach 1 was 0.75. The findings of the study are discussed within a conceptual framework of assimila.
The Effects of Suction and Pin/Lock Suspension Systems on Transtibial Amputees’ Gait Performance

Background The suction sockets that are commonly prescribed for transtibial amputees are believed to provide a better suspension than the pin/lock systems. Nevertheless, their effect on amputees’ gait performance has not yet been fully investigated. The main intention of this study was to understand the potential effects of the Seal-in (suction) and the Dermo (pin/lock) suspension systems on amputees’ gait performance. Methodology/Principal Findings Ten unilateral transtibial amputees participated in this prospective study, and two prostheses were fabricated for each of them. A three-dimensional motion analysis system was used to evaluate the temporal-spatial, kinematics and kinetics variables during normal walking. We also asked the participants to complete some part of Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ) regarding their satisfaction and problems with both systems. The results revealed that there was more symmetry in temporal-spatial parameters between the prosthetic and sound limbs using the suction system. However, the difference between two systems was not significant (p<0.05). Evaluation of kinetic data and the subjects’ feedback showed that the participants had more confidence using the suction socket and the sockets were more fit for walking. Nevertheless, the participants had more complaints with this system due to the difficulty in donning and doffing. Conclusion It can be concluded that even though the suction socket could create better suspension, fit, and gait performance, overall satisfaction was higher with the pin/lock system due to easy donning and doffing of the prosthesis. Trial Registration irct.ir IRCT2014012816395N1
Sensory evaluation of dairy supplements enriched with reduced iron, ferrous sulfate or ferrous fumarate.

OBJECTIVE To determine the degree of liking of the Oportunidades programme dietary supplements (DS)--purees and beverages--added with different iron salts (IS): reduced iron (RI), ferrous sulphate (FS) or ferrous fumarate (FF) during 24 weeks of storage. MATERIALS AND METHODS The DS were evaluated through a hedonic scale for aroma, flavour and colour attributes; at time zero and every eight weeks, each panel member evaluated three DS with same flavour and presentation but different IS. Seventy women participated as panel members. RESULTS The chocolate and banana DS exhibited a change in preference by colour and flavour due to storage. DS with FS or RI showed the least preference by flavour and colour in the context of the three IS considered. The chocolate and neutral DS enriched with FS changed their colour and flavour. CONCLUSION DS were, in general, well-liked; nonetheless, for purees enriched with FS and for beverages enriched with RI, the less-liked attributes were colour and flavour.
Host-to-Pathogen Gene Transfer Facilitated Infection of Insects by a Pathogenic Fungus

Metarhizium robertsii is a plant root colonizing fungus that is also an insect pathogen. Its entomopathogenicity is a characteristic that was acquired during evolution from a plant endophyte ancestor. This transition provides a novel perspective on how new functional mechanisms important for host switching and virulence have evolved. From a random T-DNA insertion library, we obtained a pathogenicity defective mutant that resulted from the disruption of a sterol carrier gene (Mr-npc2a). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Metarhizium acquired Mr-npc2a from an insect by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Mr-NPC2a binds to cholesterol, an animal sterol, rather than the fungal sterol ergosterol, indicating it retains the specificity of insect NPC2 proteins. Mr-NPC2a is an intracellular protein and is exclusively expressed in the hemolymph of living insects. The disruption of Mr-npc2a reduced the amount of sterol in cell membranes of the yeast-like hyphal bodies that facilitate dispersal in the host body. These were consequently more susceptible to insect immune responses than the wild type. Transgenic expression of Mr-NPC2a increased the virulence of Beauveria bassiana, an endophytic insect-pathogenic fungus that lacks a Mr-NPC2a homolog.
Independently derived survival risk ratios yield better estimates of survival than traditional survival risk ratios when using the ICISS.

BACKGROUND The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision Injury Severity Score (ICISS) is criticized because it relies on survival risk ratios (SRRs) that are contaminated by incidents with multiple injuries. An SRR for an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code is the number of patients who survive the injury divided by the number who display it. The ICISS is the product of SRRs that correspond to a patient's injuries. Traditional SRRs are derived from databases that include patients with multiple injuries and are biased toward mortality, making them nonindependent. Independent SRRs are derived from incidents where patients sustained only an isolated injury. The objective of this study is to compare the mortality prediction abilities of independent and traditional SRRs via the ICISS. METHODS A 10-fold cross-validation design was used to estimate independent and traditional SRRs and their resulting ICISSs from 192,347 National Trauma Data Bank patients. Logistic regression modeled the scores as a function of mortality. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve measured discrimination. Model fit was measured with the Akaike information criterion, a deviance statistic (lower is better). R2 values were compared to determine which score explained the most variance. RESULTS The independent ICISS statistically outperforms the traditional ICISS. CONCLUSION Traditional SRRs used by the ICISS produce less accurate estimates of mortality than independent SRRs. The ICISS can be calculated in 97.9% of incidents using independent SRRs.
Preferences and Perceptions of Generation Y Sport Students towards the Leadership Behaviour of Coaches

Congruence of the leadership behaviour of a coach and the preferred coach leadership behaviour of the athlete is of utmost importance for the continued relationship between the coach and athlete, as well as the ultimate success of the athlete. This study investigated the preferences and perceptions of Generation Y sport students towards the leadership behaviour of their coaches. The sport leadership scale of Chelladurai and Saleh (1980), which consists of five dimensions of leadership attributes, was used to conduct the study. A convenience sampling method was used to collect the data from the Generation Y sport students. Paired samples t-tests were conducted between the grouped dimensions of preferences and perceptions. The results indicated that Generation Y sport students would prefer, for example, to be provided with more training and advice, a more democratic approach by the coach, and that the coach should provide more social support and positive feedback. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to determine if perceptions and preferences of sport students regarding the leadership behaviour of coaches differed across the different sport codes. Limited differences were found. Overall, an instrument like this can be used by coaches to improve their coaching behaviour, if found necessary. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014. v5n21p61
Interference Analysis for Highly Directional 60-GHz Mesh Networks: The Case for Rethinking Medium Access Control

We investigate spatial interference statistics for multigigabit outdoor mesh networks operating in the unlicensed 60-GHz “millimeter (mm) wave” band. The links in such networks are highly directional: Because of the small carrier wavelength (an order of magnitude smaller than those for existing cellular and wireless local area networks), narrow beams are essential for overcoming higher path loss and can be implemented using compact electronically steerable antenna arrays. Directionality drastically reduces interference, but it also leads to “deafness,” making implicit coordination using carrier sense infeasible. In this paper, we make a quantitative case for rethinking medium access control (MAC) design in such settings. Unlike existing MAC protocols for omnidirectional networks, where the focus is on interference management, we contend that MAC design for 60-GHz mesh networks can essentially ignore interference and must focus instead on the challenge of scheduling half-duplex transmissions with deaf neighbors. Our main contribution is an analytical framework for estimating the collision probability in such networks as a function of the antenna patterns and the density of simultaneously transmitting nodes. The numerical results from our interference analysis show that highly directional links can indeed be modeled as pseudowired, in that the collision probability is small even with a significant density of transmitters. Furthermore, simulation of a rudimentary directional slotted Aloha protocol shows that packet losses due to failed coordination are an order of magnitude higher than those due to collisions, confirming our analytical results and highlighting the need for more sophisticated coordination mechanisms.
Exploring patient-physician communication in breast cancer care for African American women following primary treatment.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To investigate patient-physician communication from the patient's perspective about guidelines and sources of information used in developing survivorship care and preferred avenues for information delivery to African American breast cancer survivors. DESIGN Qualitative. SETTING Medical centers in the eastern United States. SAMPLE 39 African American breast cancer survivors with a mean age of 55. METHODS Each participant contributed to one of four two-hour focus group discussions and completed brief questionnaires regarding sociodemographic characteristics and cancer-specific data. Focus group topics included involvement in discussions and decision making about survivorship care, specific instructions and information that physicians provided regarding follow-up medical care and preventive health actions, concerns about recurrence and ways to prevent it, and sources of information used to develop survivorship care plans. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Survivorship care, patient-provider communication, information delivery methods, and African American breast cancer survivors. FINDINGS Participants reported gaps in the information given to them by physicians about their diagnosis, treatments, side effects, and guidelines for follow-up care. Participants expressed strong interest in self-care practices aimed at reducing their risk of recurrence and receiving evidence-based information and guidelines from healthcare providers. The majority (about 90%) reported physician checkups and mammography screening during the prior year, whereas only 54% reported making daily efforts to improve their health and reduce their risk of recurrence. Although evidence-based guidelines are available to healthcare providers delivering follow-up care to breast cancer survivors, more than 90% of participants in the present study reported a lack of specific recommendations regarding diet or physical activity as ways to improve quality of life and health as a cancer survivor. CONCLUSIONS The present study underscores 2006 findings from the Institute of Medicine that strategies for delivering information and guidance to cancer survivors and coordinating their care remain important issues for patients and their healthcare providers. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING The present study's findings highlight the need expressed by breast cancer survivors for comprehensive guidance from healthcare providers in developing plans of care that improve patients' quality of life and target recurrence risk. Guidelines are available for dissemination and use in medical settings; however, the guidelines have not been incorporated into standard medical practice for patients with cancer. Information about long-term follow-up care after primary treatment should target the specific needs of survivors from diverse ethnic, socioeconomic, and educational backgrounds to promote understanding of surveillance to detect recurrence, long-term effects of cancer treatments, and general health maintenance.
Improving the experience of TAFE award-holders in higher education

Abstract Although their rate of admission to university appears to be improving, the academic success of former TAFE students depends on the extent to which universities are prepared to meet their need for support in developing academic literacy skills. Australian universities’ traditional reliance on schools to deliver students who are academically literate appears to disadvantage many students admitted to university on the basis of TAFE awards. This paper highlights the different rates of admission of TAFE award holders between universities and examines the experience of TAFE award holders in their first year of higher education. The author concludes that higher admission rates to university for TAFE award holders will not translate into improved completion rates for this group unless universities are willing to change their course delivery to cater for a more diverse student population.
Incidence of Human Astrovirus in Central Australia (1995 to 1998) and Comparison of Deduced Serotypes Detected from 1981 to 1998

ABSTRACT The incidence of astrovirus infection was determined among infants and young children admitted to Alice Springs Hospital (central Australia) with gastroenteritis from 1995 to 1998. Astrovirus was detected by reverse transcription-PCR in 33 of 495 stool samples, and this represented 4.3% of a total of 774 stool samples tested for astrovirus, rotavirus, and Norwalk-like viruses. Astrovirus incidence was substantially lower than that of rotavirus but higher than that of Norwalk-like viruses both overall and in each of the 4 years individually. Over the period from 1981 to 1998, including the period from 1981 to 1994 during which astrovirus was identified only by electron microscopy, astrovirus serotypes (deduced from genotypes) 1, 2, 3, and 4 were identified. Deduced serotypes 1, 3, and 4 all appeared regularly over this 18-year period. Also over this period, nucleotide variation (in some cases substantial) in a section of the capsid protein precursor region of the virus genome was evident among strains of all four of the deduced central Australian serotypes. Consequent amino acid changes were, however, only evident among deduced serotype 3 strains. Geographic variation at both the genome and the resultant amino acid levels was evident among strains of all four of the deduced central Australian serotypes and their respective prototypes isolated in the United Kingdom.
Identification and Characterisation of the Antimicrobial Peptide, Phylloseptin-PT, from the Skin Secretion of Phyllomedusa tarsius, and Comparison of Activity with Designed, Cationicity-Enhanced Analogues and Diastereomers

Antimicrobial peptides belonging to the phylloseptin family are mainly found in phyllomedusine frogs. These peptides not only possess potent antimicrobial activity but exhibit low toxicity against eukaryotic cells. Therefore, they are considered as promising drug candidates for a number of diseases. In a recent study, potent antimicrobial activity was correlated with the conserved structures and cationic amphiphilic characteristics of members of this peptide family. A phylloseptin peptide precursor was discovered here in the skin secretion of Phyllomedusa tarsius and the mature peptide was validated by MS/MS sequencing, and was subsequently named phylloseptin-PT. The chemically-synthesized and purified phylloseptin-PT displayed activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Nevertheless, a range of cationicity-enhanced peptide analogues of phylloseptin-PT, which contained amino acid substitutions at specific sites, exhibited significant increases in antimicrobial activity compared to native phylloseptin-PT. In addition, alternative conformers which were designed and chemically-synthesized with d-lysine, showed potent antimicrobial activity and enhanced bioavailability. These data indicate that phylloseptins may represent potential candidates for next-generation antibiotics. Thus, rational design through modification of natural antimicrobial peptide templates could provide an accelerated path to overcoming obstacles en-route to their possible clinical applications.
A Lorentzian Stochastic Estimation for a Robust Iterative Multiframe Super-Resolution Reconstruction with Lorentzian-Tikhonov Regularization

Recently, there has been a great deal of work developing super-resolution reconstruction (SRR) algorithms. While many such algorithms have been proposed, the almost SRR estimations are based on L1 or L2 statistical norm estimation, therefore these SRR algorithms are usually very sensitive to their assumed noise model that limits their utility. The real noise models that corrupt the measure sequence are unknown; consequently, SRR algorithm using L1 or L2 norm may degrade the image sequence rather than enhance it. Therefore, the robust norm applicable to several noise and data models is desired in SRR algorithms. This paper first comprehensively reviews the SRR algorithms in this last decade and addresses their shortcomings, and latter proposes a novel robust SRR algorithm that can be applied on several noise models. The proposed SRR algorithm is based on the stochastic regularization technique of Bayesian MAP estimation by minimizing a cost function. For removing outliers in the data, the Lorentzian error norm is used for measuring the difference between the projected estimate of the high-resolution image and each low-resolution image. Moreover, Tikhonov regularization and Lorentzian-Tikhonov regularization are used to remove artifacts from the final answer and improve the rate of convergence. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of our method and demonstrate its superiority to other super-resolution methods based on L1 and L2 norms for several noise models such as noiseless, additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), poisson noise, salt and pepper noise, and speckle noise.
Accounting at the London School of Economics: Opportunity lost?

Given the aims of the founders of the London School of Economics, it is not surprising that accounting should have been taught at the School from soon after its establishment. An early focus on teaching practical accounting, with professional practitioners as teachers, was gradually supplanted by approaches informed by the economics of decision-making in conditions of scarce resources. By the 1930s, the Department of Business Administration provided an intellectual basis for thinking about financial reporting and costing that challenged taken-for-granted practices. After World War II, the “LSE Triumvirate” of William Baxter, Harold Edey and David Solomons took forward ideas of opportunity cost and value to the owner as core theoretical concepts, while developing undergraduate and later postgraduate programmes that provided rigorous education for future accountants, administrators, business people and academics. However, the focus on education, and the weak infrastructure for accounting research in the UK had the unintended consequence that, by the early 1970s, the Department of Accounting did not have the opportunity of responding to changes in research focus in North America, which were influenced by developments in financial economics.
Ammonia-induced cellular and immunological changes in juvenile Cyprinus carpio infected with the blood fluke Sanguinicola inermis

Immunological and structural changes in the thymus and pronephros of Cyprinus carpio infected with the blood fluke, Sanguinicola inermis for 30 days, and exposed to 0·5mg NH+4/l for 48 and 168h were investigated. Ultrastructural observations revealed cell disruption and highly vacuolated cytoplasm in the thymus. Of the cells that remained intact there was a significant increase in thrombocytes after 48h exposure to the pollutant. In addition, there was a decrease in lymphocytes following exposure to ammonia at both time-periods studied. In contrast the pronephros of fish exposed to the pollutant underwent relatively mild changes in cellular architecture although ammonia and time of exposure had significant effects on the proportions of several leucocyte types. A significant decrease in neutrophils, thrombocytes and lymphocytes occurred in fish exposed to the pollutant for 168h. Pronephric lymphocyte stimulation (cpm) by Con A and PWM increased in vitro, whereas the stimulation index was reduced in infected fish exposed to ammonia. Changes in the immune organs of S. inermis-infected carp treated with pollutant were both organ- and time-specific. The possible reasons for this are discussed and significance in relationship to parasitization assessed.
Proximate factors mediating "contact" calls in adult female baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) and their infants.

"Contact" calls are widespread in social mammals and birds, but the proximate factors that motivate call production and mediate their contact function remain poorly specified. Field study of chacma baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) revealed that contact barks in adult females were motivated by separation both from the group at large and from their dependent infants. A variety of social and ecological factors affect the probability of separation from either one or both. Results of simultaneous observations and a playback experiment indicate that the contact function of calling between mothers and infants was mediated by occasional maternal retrieval rather than coordinated call exchange. Mothers recognized the contact barks of their own infants and often were strongly motivated to locate them. However, mothers did not produce contact barks in reply unless they themselves were at risk of becoming separated from the group.
The psychotherapy of parenthood: towards a formulation and valuation of concurrent work with parents

This paper explores the process and value of concurrent work with parents when their child is being treated in individual psychotherapy. The position taken is that psychoanalytic understanding generally and the specific formulations presented in this paper have a broader applicability in other aspects and approaches in child and adolescent mental health practice. The central issues are the interweaving of knowledge of family processes, child development and psychopathology, and the uses that can be made of an understanding of transference and countertransference. A particular formulation is presented in relation to aspects of the work that constitute ‘child guidance’ and those that may be considered as ‘psychotherapeutic’ in relation to parental psychopathology. We have coined the term ‘the psychotherapy of parenthood’ to give this work the status it deserves and to define a boundary within which to explore the areas and levels of this complex work. Some practice and training implications are considered.