Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Analyses and Phylogenetic Relationships Among Two Nigerian Goat Breeds and the South African Kalahari Red

The first hypervariable (HV1) region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of two popular Nigerian goat breeds: West African Dwarf (WAD) (n = 35) and Red Sokoto (RS) (n = 37) and one exotic breed: Kalahari Red (KR) (n = 38) imported from South Africa were sequenced to investigate sequence diversity, genetic structure, origin, and demographic history of the populations. A total of 68 polymorphic sites were found in 110 sequences that grouped into 68 haplotypes. Average haplotype and nucleotide diversities for all breeds were 0.982 ± 0.005 and 0.02350 ± 0.00213, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two mtDNA lineages (A and B). Lineage A was predominant and included all haplotypes from WAD and RS and 5 out of 11 haplotypes of KR goats. The remaining haplotypes (6) of KR belong to lineage B. The analysis of molecular variance revealed a high-within breed genetic variance of 82.4% and a low-between breed genetic variance of 17.6%. The three breeds clustered with Capra aegagrus as their wild ancestor. Mismatch distribution analysis showed that WAD, RS and haplogroup A have experienced population expansion events. The study has revealed very high diversity within the three breeds which are not strongly separated from each other based on mtDNA analysis. The information obtained on the genetic structure of the breeds will be useful in planning improvement and conservation programs for the local populations.
Surface structure and interpretation

Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) offers a new approach to the theory of natural language grammar. Coordination, relativization, and related prosodic phenomena have been analyzed in CCG in terms of a radically revised notion of surface structure. CCG surface structures do not exhibit traditional notions of syntactic dominance and command, and do not constitute an autonomous level of representation. Instead, they reflect the computations by which a sentence may be realized or analyzed, to synchronously define a predicate-argument structure, or logical form. Surface Structure and Interpretation shows that binding and control can be captured at this level, preserving the advantages of CCG as an account of coordination and unbounded dependency.The core of the book is a detailed treatment of extraction, a focus of syntactic research since the early work of Chomsky and Ross. The topics addressed include the sources of subject-object asymmetries and phenomena attributed to the Empty Category Principle (ECP), asymmetric islands, parasitic gaps, and the relation of coordination and extraction, including their interactions with binding theory. In his conclusion, the author relates CCG to other categorial and type-driven approaches and to proposals for minimalism in linguistic theory.Linguistic Inquiry Monograph No. 30
The Link Rot Phenomenon and its Influence on the Quality of the Websites of Rural Tourism Facilities in Poland

Summary Subject and purpose of work: The subject of the research were the profiles of links (internal and outbound ones) of websites of rural tourism facilities in Poland. The purpose of the study was to assess the scale of the link rot phenomenon and its impact on the quality of websites of rural tourism facilities in Poland. Materials and methods: The assessment of the link profile was conducted using the Broken Link Checker application. The websites’ quality assessment (the degree of their optimization for search engines) was conducted using three different applications which automate tests. Results: A total of 919 websites were examined. Broken links were recorded on 464 sites, where approximately 65% of them had only a few broken links. Broken links that referred to the description of an offer or social media accounts were particularly unfavourable. No linear correlation was recorded between the number of broken links and the website’s optimization for search engines. Conclusions: The research demonstrated that the scale of the link rot phenomenon was relatively small in the group of the examined sites. It seems, however, that this was not the result of conscious design measures or optimization.
Asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia is associated with mortality among HIV-positive patients in Indonesia

Previous studies, mostly from Africa, have shown that serum cryptococcal antigenemia may precede the development of cryptococcal meningitis and early death among patients with advanced HIV infection. We examined cryptococcal antigenemia as a risk factor for HIV‐associated mortality in Indonesia, which is experiencing a rapidly growing HIV epidemic.
Control of the dynamics and homeostasis of the Drosophila Hedgehog receptor Patched by two C2-WW-HECT-E3 Ubiquitin ligases

The conserved Hedgehog (HH) signals control animal development, adult stem cell maintenance and oncogenesis. In Drosophila, the HH co-receptor Patched (PTC) controls both HH gradient formation and signalling. PTC is post-translationally downregulated by HH, which promotes its endocytosis and destabilization, but the mechanisms of PTC trafficking and its importance in the control of PTC remain to be understood. PTC interacts with E3 Ubiquitin (UB)-ligases of the C2-WW-HECT family; two of them—SMURF and NEDD4—are known to regulate its levels. We demonstrate that mutation of the PTC PY motif, which mediates binding of C2-WW-HECT family members, inhibits its internalization but not its autonomous and non-autonomous signalling activities. In addition, we show that the two related UB-C2-WW-HECT ligases NEDD4 and SU(DX) regulate PTC trafficking and finely tune its accumulation through partially redundant but distinct functions. While both NEDD4 and SU(DX) promote PTC endocytosis, only SU(DX) is able to induce its lysosomal targeting and degradation. In conclusion, PTC trafficking and homeostasis are tightly regulated by a family of UB-ligases.
Perceptions and influence of newspaper-led convergence with broadcast stations

This study aimed to determine the characteristics of ‘newspaper-led convergence’ with broadcast stations by examining how convergence affects the production and distribution of news content. Newspaper-led convergence with broadcast stations occurs in converged newsrooms, where newspapers have superior overall abilities to broadcast stations; thus, one-sided help from newspaper to broadcast stations is more typical than vice versa. This study incorporated both surveys and in-depth interviews with journalists from three South Korean multimedia groups that have maintained newspaper-led convergence since late 2011. It has been approximately 3 years since these convergences; thus, this study outlined characteristics of the initial stage of convergence. The results indicated several asymmetries in terms of workload perceptions, multiple skills, cultural clash, and content quality among different media reporters. Unlike previous studies, psychological and cultural issues were not found to be obstacles to newspaper-led convergence. Based on these findings, this study concluded with suggestions for media firms that aim to converge newsrooms.
THE ART OF USING POWER

The central research question that results from these considerations and theory is the following: How did interest groups, bureaucrats, and legislators influence decision-making in the case of free admission to national museums in the Netherlands and England in the period between 2001- 2007 ( the Netherlands), and between 1996-2002 (England), and have they been successful?
The Relationship between Cultural Values and Individual Variables with Computer Use among Students

Introduction: The current study aimed at structural equation modeling of the relationship between cultural values (individualism/ collectivism, masculinity/ femininity, uncertainty avoidance, power distance) and computer use, with regard to the meditational effects of personal innovativeness, perceived usefulness and ease of use applying the partial list squares (PLS) method. Method: Three hundred and eighty-one B.A students in Tehran University answered a questionnaire comprising of the following subscales: perceived usefulness and ease of use; willingness to innovate; individualism/ collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, and power distance and masculinity/ femininity. Partial least squares method was used for data analysis. Results: Findings, in general, showed personal innovativeness, usefulness and ease of use had a meditational role in the relationship between individualism/ collectivism, masculinity/ femininity, uncertainty avoidance, power distance, and computer use: individualism/ collectivism exerted an indirect positive influence on use through personal innovativeness, usefulness and ease of use. In addition, uncertainty avoidance and power distance had an indirect negative influence on use through personal innovativeness, perceived ease of use and usefulness. On the other hand, perceived ease of use influenced computer use indirectly and positively, with the perceived usefulness being the meditational variable. Conclusions: Individual variables and cultural values can predict student's computer use.
Lightweight binocular facial performance capture under uncontrolled lighting

Recent progress in passive facial performance capture has shown impressively detailed results on highly articulated motion. However, most methods rely on complex multi-camera set-ups, controlled lighting or fiducial markers. This prevents them from being used in general environments, outdoor scenes, during live action on a film set, or by freelance animators and everyday users who want to capture their digital selves. In this paper, we therefore propose a lightweight passive facial performance capture approach that is able to reconstruct high-quality dynamic facial geometry from only a single pair of stereo cameras. Our method succeeds under uncontrolled and time-varying lighting, and also in outdoor scenes. Our approach builds upon and extends recent image-based scene flow computation, lighting estimation and shading-based refinement algorithms. It integrates them into a pipeline that is specifically tailored towards facial performance reconstruction from challenging binocular footage under uncontrolled lighting. In an experimental evaluation, the strong capabilities of our method become explicit: We achieve detailed and spatio-temporally coherent results for expressive facial motion in both indoor and outdoor scenes -- even from low quality input images recorded with a hand-held consumer stereo camera. We believe that our approach is the first to capture facial performances of such high quality from a single stereo rig and we demonstrate that it brings facial performance capture out of the studio, into the wild, and within the reach of everybody.
Scalable image quality assessment based on structural vectors

Image quality assessment is useful in many visual processing systems and a great deal of research effort has been put in during the recent years to develop objective image quality metrics that correlate well with the perceived quality measurement. Assessing visual quality of images is not easy since the Human Visual System (HVS) is complicated and difficult to be modelled. It is well known that the HVS is sensitive to spatial frequencies and structure in images, so accounting for structure degradation in images is essential for effective picture quality prediction. In this paper, we propose the use of singular vectors out of Singular Value Decomposition as effective structuring elements in images and use them to quantify the loss in structural information in images. The scalability of the proposed metric has been also explored since singular vectors are ordered according to their visual significance. The proposed metric has been validated convincingly on three independent databases (a total of 1196 images of different distortion types and extents), and found to outperform the relevant existing image quality metrics in literature with all circumstances.
The development of self-efficacy and self-esteem in pharmacy students based on experiential education

Poster Presentations A Comparison of the Structure of the Offices of Experiential Education in a Regional Consortium. Feret B, Fisher K, Simeone M, Abdelmageed A, Fekete G, Baldinger S, Blaser R, Copeland D, Ventocilla L, Yorra, M, Basile C, DiFrancesco P, Lepage J, Simonian C, Tanzer K, Bragaw L, Hritcko P, Phaneuf M, Tyczkowski P, Krebs J, Nicholas B, Poulter D, Sophinos J., American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA, July 2010
Vitamin D deficiency and its relationship with bone mineral density among postmenopausal women living in the tropics.

OBJECTIVE To determine vitamin D (25OHD) status and its relationship with bone mineral density (BMD) in 93 postmenopausal women. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Patients were distributed in two groups: Group 1 - 51 to 65 years (n = 45) and Group 2 - 66 to 84 years (n = 48); 25OHD and PTH serum were analyzed and a DXA scan of the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) were taken. RESULTS Mean +/- SD of serum 25OHD levels were 80.6 +/- 43.3 nmol/L (Group 1) and 63.7 +/- 27.6 nmol/L (Group 2); 24% had 25OHD levels < 25 nmol/L and 43.7% < 50 nmol/L. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency at the 62.5 nmol/L cutoff increased significantly with age. Patients with hypovitaminosis D had a lower BMD at the FN (0.738 +/- 0.102 vs. 0.793 +/- 0.115 g/cm, p = 0.03) and had been postmenopausal for longer (21.0 +/- 8.4 vs. 16.2 +/- 8.4 years, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION We found a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in postmenopausal women. Age, years elapsed since menopause and low BMD in the FN were associated with deficiency.
Failure to repeatedly supercompensate muscle glycogen stores in highly trained men.

PURPOSE It is not known whether it is possible to repeatedly supercompensate muscle glycogen stores after exhaustive exercise bouts undertaken within several days. METHODS We evaluated the effect of repeated exercise-diet manipulation on muscle glycogen and triacylglycerol (IMTG) metabolism and exercise capacity in six well-trained subjects who completed an intermittent, exhaustive cycling protocol (EX) on three occasions separated by 48 h (i.e., days 1, 3, and 5) in a 5-d period. Twenty-four hours before day 1, subjects consumed a moderate (6 g.kg)-carbohydrate (CHO) diet, followed by 5 d of a high (12 g.kg.d)-CHO diet. Muscle biopsies were taken at rest, immediately post-EX on days 1, 3, and 5, and after 3 h of recovery on days 1 and 3. RESULTS Compared with day 1, resting muscle [glycogen] was elevated on day 3 but not day 5 (435+/-57 vs 713+/-60 vs 409+/-40 mmol.kg, P<0.001). [IMTG] was reduced by 28% (P<0.05) after EX on day 1, but post-EX levels on days 3 and 5 were similar to rest. EX was enhanced on days 3 and 5 compared with day 1 (31.9+/-2.5 and 35.4+/-3.8 vs 24.1+/-1.4 kJ.kg, P<0.05). Glycogen synthase activity at rest and immediately post-EX was similar between trials. Additionally, the rates of muscle glycogen accumulation were similar during the 3-h recovery period on days 1 and 3. CONCLUSION We show that well-trained men cannot repeatedly supercompensate muscle [glycogen] after glycogen-depleting exercise and 2 d of a high-CHO diet, suggesting that the mechanisms responsible for glycogen accumulation are attenuated as a consequence of successive days of glycogen-depleting exercise.
Histological Study of the Oesophagus and Stomach in Grey-Backed Shrike ( Lanius tephronotus )

The microstructure of oesophagus and stomach in grey-backed shrike were examined by means of light microscopy. The results showed that the oesophagus glands were mucous glands, the shedding glandular cells and the mucin from the oesophagu s glands secreted to the lumen. The number of the glands in the thoracic part was less than that of in the cervical part. The lum ens of the glands showed an intense positive periodic acid-Schiff and Alcian blue reaction. There were two types of glands in the lamina p ropria. The simple tubular glands were located in the superficial lamella of the lamina propria, while compound tubular glands were loc ated in the deep lamella. The epithelium was lined by a layer of cuticle in the intermediate zone between the proventriculus and gizzar d. The surface of gizzard possessed a rough thick cuticle, which was made up of the Alcian blue-positive horizontal matrix and the per iodic acid-Schiff-positive vertical rods.
Extraction of the Appropriate Material Property for Realistic Modeling of Through-Silicon-Vias using μ-Raman Spectroscopy

Experimental μ-Raman spectroscopy (μRS) results are used to determine the appropriate plastic yield criterion for an accurate finite element modeling of stress in and near copper filled through-silicon-vias (TSV). It is found that the strain-hardening yield criterion gives the most accurate correlation between the ¿RS results and the finite element modeling. The verified yield criterion is used to simulate the effective keep-away-zone of transistors from the TSV. It is shown that transistor proximity is influenced by the via diameter.
Behavioral Manifestations of Modesty

Three studies examined the social manifestations of modesty in Chinese and Canadian cultures, conceptualizing and operationalizing it as a self-presentation tactic with communal functions. In Study 1, the authors developed a self-report Modest Behavior Scale (MBS) to tap the behavioral aspects of modesty and identified three factors: self-effacement, other-enhancement, and avoidance of attention-seeking. The authors validated the scale by establishing its nomological network with trait modesty, individuation, independent and interdependent self-construals, traditionality, and modernity, in both Hong Kong and Shanghai, which are culturally different regions of China. In Study 2, the MBS was supplemented with additional items, and a different set of predictors, including values, was used to predict the three factors in both Hong Kong and Beijing, China. In Study 3, we administered the MBS in Vancouver, Canada, adding emic items generated from this Canadian sample and using values and other variables as predictors. Gender differences are discussed in terms of the role played by modest self-presentations in promoting intragroup harmony in different cultural settings.
Testing Our Quasi‐Statistical Sense: News Use, Political Knowledge, and False Projection

Although widely studied, previous research of projection in the context of public opinion did not incorporate the distinction between adequate and false projection developed in the cognitive studies: Adequate projection contributes to accurate perceptions of public opinion while false projection impairs it. The analysis presented in this study includes the above distinction, building on two case studies: (1) a dataset comprised of 25 surveys conducted over a period of 10 years (N = 11,313) and (2) a panel study of the 2013 Israeli general election. Relying on the assumptions of the Bayesian model, we tested if frequent news exposure and factual political knowledge reduce false projection. We found that false projection is a highly persistent psychological tendency with little variance. Although news exposure and political knowledge did contribute to a more accurate perception of public opinion, they did not reduce false projection. Conversely, knowledge increased false projection among moderates and had no effect in this respect among proponents of a more extreme ideology. These findings align better with the motivated reasoning model than with the Bayesian model.
The Motivational Determinants of Students at Risk of Having Reading Difficulties

The purpose of this study was to compare the motivational determinants of low and high readers within the framework of planned behavior theory in order to explain academic achievement in language and mathematics. Teachers' evaluations in language and mathematics at the end of an academic year comprised the dependent variable. Motivational determinants were examined using the constructs that comprised the theory of planned behavior and goal importance. Participants were 258 elementary school students—46 low and 212 high readers—drawn from 30 elementary schools in northern Greece. Results indicated that the two groups differed significantly, with the low students exhibiting significantly lower perceptions of goal importance, intention to achieve, belief strength, outcome evaluation, and normative beliefs, and eventually performing lower in language and mathematics at the end of an academic year than the high readers. A finer analysis of students' motivational determinants was conducted using Covariance Structural Modeling and EQS 5.7b. The planned behavior model enriched with the construct of goal importance produced an almost perfect fit in both language and mathematics for the low readers. The respective fit for the high readers was also acceptable in both language and mathematics. Although model fit was adequate across samples, different weights and signs linking motivational determinants to achievement partially explained the observed differences in language and mathematics manifested in the two groups.
Appreciative Leadership and Employee Well-Being in Everyday Working Life

This study examines the relationship between appreciative behavior and employee well-being on a daily basis. The theoretical rationale of our approach is based in leadership concepts emphasizing the relational aspect of leadership, and, more generally, in a framework that emphasizes the central role of threats, or boosts, to self-esteem (i.e., the concept of “Stress-as-Offense-to-Self” [SOS]). Qualitative and quantitative data of 139 employees working in different occupations were assessed during five consecutive workdays. First, based on event-sampling of appreciative situations, the nature of appreciative situations from the perspective of the employees, as it manifests itself in daily episodes, was examined. Simple praise and gratitude were the most frequent types of appreciative behavior reported. Besides leaders, customers and co-workers were frequent sources of appreciation as well. Second, the intra-individual effects of daily experiences of appreciation on employee well-being at the end of work were analyzed. Multi-level random coefficient modeling showed that daily appreciation by all sources significantly predicted serenity (i.e., a low-arousal / high pleasure type of well-being) at the end of work. As serenity is likely to affect recovery, which, in turn, may affect health and performance, our findings show that for leaders, but not only for leaders, displaying elementary appreciative behavior is a simple but important tool for enhancing employee health and well-being.