Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of fish grazing and damselfish territoriality on coral reef algae. II. Nitrogen fixation

Nitrogen fixation was determined for plates of dead coral substratum placed at 10 m depth behind the reef crest on Britomart Reef, Great Bamer Reef. These plates were maintained for 12 mo under 3 different experimental conditions exposed to natural levels of fish grazing; within the territories of the damselfish Hemiglphidodon plagiometopon which aggressively excludes most other grazing fish; and within fish exclusion cages. Nitrogen fixation rates (determined by acetylene reduction technique) were highest on plates exposed to fish grazing which had the lowest algal biomass, and were lowest on caged plates with the highest algal biomass. Plates within damselfish temtories were Intermediate for both parameters. Grazing fish reduced algal biomass and shifted the algal community structure from dominance by red algae to dominance by rapidly colonizing and growing blue-green algae. Thus, nitrogen fixation was directly proportional to the extent of fish grazing and inversely proportional to total algal biomass.
A weekly diary study on the buffering role of social support in the relationship between job insecurity and employee performance

In this article, the authors used a within-person design to examine the relationship between job insecurity and employee in-role and extra-role performance, and the buffering role of time-varying work-based support (i.e., supervisor and colleague support) in this relationship. Weekly diary data gathered over the course of three weeks from 56 employees confronted with organizational restructuring and analyzed with a hierarchical linear modeling approach showed that weekly fluctuations in job insecurity negatively predicted week-level in-role performance. As predicted, supervisor support moderated the intra-individual relationship between job insecurity and in-role performance, so that employees‘ in-role performance suffered less from feeling job insecurity during weeks in which they received more support from their supervisor. No relationship between job insecurity and extra-role performance was observed. This within-person study contributes to research on job insecurity that has primarily focused on inter-individual differences in job insecurity and their associations with job performance. Theoretical and practical implications for human resource management are discussed.
Personality Profiles of U. S. Army Helicopter Pilots Screened for Special Operations Duty

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) data were analyzed from two groups of aviators: U.S. Army helicopter pilots being screened for acceptance into U.S. Army Special Operations and helicopter piIots partici- pating in a variety of research studies at the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory. Using analysis of variance procedures, it was found that the two groups differed in terms of their scores on some validity scales and several clinical scales. Using discriminant analysis, observed differences in both test-taking attitude (K scores) and Masculinity-Femininity (Mf scores) classi- fied subjects into Special Operations applicants or more conventional aviators with an accuracy ranging from 66% (for the entire sample) to 76% (for the age-matched groups on which the discriminant function was based).
Student Engagement and the Social Relations of Pedagogy

Drawing on the 'sociology of pedagogy', the present article addresses a continuing challenge for teachers and policy-makers. The challenge is how to encourage disengaged learners to take up offers of educational success. The article brings important theoretical frames from the sociology of pedagogy into current research debates about 'productive pedagogies'. Focusing on the social relations of pedagogy, the article promotes a theoretical and empirical imperative to look keenly to the insights provided by students to construct clearer solutions to the challenge of providing engaging pedagogies.
Prediction of free imatinib concentrations based on total plasma concentrations in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumours.

AIM Total imatinib concentrations are currently measured for the therapeutic drug monitoring of imatinib, whereas only free drug equilibrates with cells for pharmacological action. Due to technical and cost limitations, routine measurement of free concentrations is generally not performed. In this study, free and total imatinib concentrations were measured to establish a model allowing the confident prediction of imatinib free concentrations based on total concentrations and plasma proteins measurements. METHODS One hundred and fifty total and free plasma concentrations of imatinib were measured in 49 patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumours. A population pharmacokinetic model was built up to characterize mean total and free concentrations with inter-patient and intrapatient variability, while taking into account α1 -acid glycoprotein (AGP) and human serum albumin (HSA) concentrations, in addition to other demographic and environmental covariates. RESULTS A one compartment model with first order absorption was used to characterize total and free imatinib concentrations. Only AGP influenced imatinib total clearance. Imatinib free concentrations were best predicted using a non-linear binding model to AGP, with a dissociation constant Kd of 319 ng ml(-1) , assuming a 1:1 molar binding ratio. The addition of HSA in the equation did not improve the prediction of imatinib unbound concentrations. CONCLUSION Although free concentration monitoring is probably more appropriate than total concentrations, it requires an additional ultrafiltration step and sensitive analytical technology, not always available in clinical laboratories. The model proposed might represent a convenient approach to estimate imatinib free concentrations. However, therapeutic ranges for free imatinib concentrations remain to be established before it enters into routine practice.
Complete Sequences of the Mitochondrial DNA of the Wild Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis and Two Mutagenic Cultivated Breeds (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta)

The complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis was sequenced (25883 bp) and mapped to a circular model. The A+T composition was 72.5%. Forty six genes and two potentially functional open reading frames were identified. They include 24 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 20 tRNA genes and 2 ORFs (orf60, orf142). There is considerable sequence synteny across the five red algal mtDNAs falling into Florideophyceae including Gr. lemaneiformis in this study and previously sequenced species. A long stem-loop and a hairpin structure were identified in intergenic regions of mt genome of Gr. lemaneiformis, which are believed to be involved with transcription and replication. In addition, the mtDNAs of two mutagenic cultivated breeds (“981” and “07-2”) were also sequenced. Compared with the mtDNA of wild Gr. lemaneiformis, the genome size and gene length and order of three strains were completely identical except nine base mutations including eight in the protein-coding genes and one in the tRNA gene. None of the base mutations caused frameshift or a premature stop codon in the mtDNA genes. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial protein-coding genes and rRNA genes demonstrated Gracilariopsis andersonii had closer phylogenetic relationship with its parasite Gracilariophila oryzoides than Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis which was from the same genus of Gracilariopsis.
Impact of preoperative testing on ophthalmologic and systemic outcomes in cataract surgery.

PURPOSE To evaluate the incidence of ophthalmologic and systemic complications in patients who undergo cataract surgery without preoperative tests compared to subjects undergoing cataract surgery preceded by preoperative tests. METHODS The randomized controlled study included 1276 consecutive patients admitted to the Institute of Ophthalmology of the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia for cataract surgery. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: 638 were assigned not to undergo preoperative evaluation based on routine medical tests and electrocardiograms; the other 638 underwent preoperative evaluation based on said tests. Ophthalmologic and systemic complications were assessed intraoperatively and 1 month after surgery. RESULTS Eleven intraoperative complications occurred in the group without preoperative tests and eight in the group with preoperative tests; at 1 month six complications were recorded in the group without tests and five in the group with tests. Systemic adverse events occurred intraoperatively in four patients, whereas no systemic adverse event was recorded at 1 month in either group. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study have broad applicability, because the sample is representative of the population existing in numerous social and healthcare settings; they are of value for administrative purposes, because they may be taken as reference in resource allocation plans; and they have medicolegal implications, as the resulting conduct of healthcare providers is supported by a rigorous scientific study. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2004; 14: #-74).
Social Work Support Services for Stroke Patients

Abstract This study aims to better understand the influence of social work support services on the efficient use of rehabilitation services (LOS-EFF) and total hospital charges for individuals participating in an inpatient physical rehabilitation program following stroke. Although the effects of the social work support services on stroke outcomes were modest, the study found that these services influenced stroke outcomes. Most importantly, the study revealed that higher levels of informational social work support services were associated with lower total hospital charges.
A Review of Norms and Normative Multiagent Systems

Norms and normative multiagent systems have become the subjects of interest for many researchers. Such interest is caused by the need for agents to exploit the norms in enhancing their performance in a community. The term norm is used to characterize the behaviours of community members. The concept of normative multiagent systems is used to facilitate collaboration and coordination among social groups of agents. Many researches have been conducted on norms that investigate the fundamental concepts, definitions, classification, and types of norms and normative multiagent systems including normative architectures and normative processes. However, very few researches have been found to comprehensively study and analyze the literature in advancing the current state of norms and normative multiagent systems. Consequently, this paper attempts to present the current state of research on norms and normative multiagent systems and propose a norm's life cycle model based on the review of the literature. Subsequently, this paper highlights the significant areas for future work.
Metadiscourse in Persuasive Writing

Metadiscourse refers to writers' discourse about their discourse—their directions for how readers should read, react to, and evaluate what they have written about the subject matter. In this study the authors divided metadiscourse into textual metadiscourse (text markers and interpretive markers) and interpersonal metadiscourse (hedges, certainty markers, attributors, attitude markers, and commentary). The purpose was to investigate cultural and gender variations in the use of metadiscourse in the United States and Finland by asking whether U.S. and Finnish writers use the same amounts and types and whether gender makes any difference. The analyses revealed that students in both countries used all categories and subcategories, but that there were some cultural and gender differences in the amounts and types used. Finnish students and male students used more metadiscourse than U.S. students and female students. Students in both countries used much more interpersonal than textual metadiscourse with Finnish males using the most and U.S. males the least. The study provides partial evidence for the universality of metadiscourse and suggests the need for more cross-cultural studies of its use and/or more attention to it in teaching composition.
Some initial considerations in the measurement of community identity

Although community identity is an area of research interest with important ramifications for all those concerned with issues of community, this paper argues that, with the possible exception of the psychological sense of community (PSOC), there is relatively little coordinated research emerging under the influence of a strong body of psychological theory. An approach emphasizing the common ground between this and related psychological approaches is put forward, such that both the common and unique qualities of the identities of communities might be made subject to rigorous and meaningful analysis. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tiwanaku 'colonization': bioarchaeological implications for migration in the Moquegua Valley, Peru.

Abstract Nothing is more central to theories of prehispanic Andean state formation than the relationship between highland core areas and ecologically‐distinct peripheral regions. Various models, ranging from direct colonization to trade relations have been proposed and are usually grounded in architectural and material cultural patterning. We examine the human biological implications of colonization from the perspective of Tiwanaku, primarily during the expansive Tiwanaku IV and V periods (c. AD 500–1000). Using inherited skeletal features and artificial cranial deformation, we explore community patterning within the Titicaca Basin in comparison to that for the Moquegua (Middle Osmore) Valley, a region known to have strong cultural ties with the highland altiplano. Based in a sample of over 500 individuals, we test archaeologically‐derived models that posit mass migration into the Moquegua region. Our results are not inconsistent with a migration model.
The Calderón-Zygmund theory for elliptic problems with measure data

We consider non-linear elliptic equations having a measure in the right hand side, of the type div a(x, Du) = μ, and prove differentiability and integrability results for solutions. New estimates in Marcinkiewicz spaces are also given, and the impact of the measure datum density properties on the regularity of solutions is analyzed in order to build a suitable Calderon-Zygmund theory for the problem. All the regularity results presented in this paper are provided together with explicit local a priori estimates. To the memory of Vic Mizel, mathematician and gentleman
Trellis codes for periodic erasures

This paper describes techniques for the design and analysis of trellis codes that provide reliable communication over every channel in a specified set of possible channels, where each channel is characterized by additive white Gaussian noise with a distinct periodic variation in signal-to-noise ratio. An important practical application for such trellis codes is the periodic erasure channel produced by partial-band interference dispersed by a block interleaver. We present trellis codes that provide reliable communication over all periodic erasure patterns of a given period for which the number of unerased coded bits per period is at least equal to the number of information bits per period.
The Use of Feed Additives to Reduce the Effects of Aflatoxin and Deoxynivalenol on Pig Growth, Organ Health and Immune Status during Chronic Exposure

Three feed additives were tested to improve the growth and health of pigs chronically challenged with aflatoxin (AF) and deoxynivalenol (DON). Gilts (n = 225, 8.8 ± 0.4 kg) were allotted to five treatments: CON (uncontaminated control); MT (contaminated with 150 µg/kg AF and 1100 µg/kg DON); A (MT + a clay additive); B (MT + a clay and dried yeast additive); and C (MT + a clay and yeast culture additive). Average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (ADFI) were recorded for 42 days, blood collected for immune analysis and tissue samples to measure damage. Feeding mycotoxins tended to decrease ADG and altered the immune system through a tendency to increase monocytes and immunoglobulins. Mycotoxins caused tissue damage in the form of liver bile ductule hyperplasia and karyomegaly. The additives in diets A and B reduced mycotoxin effects on the immune system and the liver and showed some ability to improve growth. The diet C additive played a role in reducing liver damage. Collectively, we conclude that AF and DON can be harmful to the growth and health of pigs consuming mycotoxins chronically. The selected feed additives improved pig health and may play a role in pig growth.
Organic carbon stocks and sequestration rates of forest soils in Germany

The National Forest Soil Inventory (NFSI) provides the Greenhouse Gas Reporting in Germany with a quantitative assessment of organic carbon (C) stocks and changes in forest soils. Carbon stocks of the organic layer and the mineral topsoil (30 cm) were estimated on the basis of ca. 1.800 plots sampled from 1987 to 1992 and resampled from 2006 to 2008 on a nationwide grid of 8 × 8 km. Organic layer C stock estimates were attributed to surveyed forest stands and CORINE land cover data. Mineral soil C stock estimates were linked with the distribution of dominant soil types according to the Soil Map of Germany (1 : 1 000 000) and subsequently related to the forest area. It appears that the C pool of the organic layer was largely depending on tree species and parent material, whereas the C pool of the mineral soil varied among soil groups. We identified the organic layer C pool as stable although C was significantly sequestered under coniferous forest at lowland sites. The mineral soils, however, sequestered 0.41 Mg C ha−1 yr−1. Carbon pool changes were supposed to depend on stand age and forest transformation as well as an enhanced biomass input. Carbon stock changes were clearly attributed to parent material and soil groups as sandy soils sequestered higher amounts of C, whereas clayey and calcareous soils showed small gains and in some cases even losses of soil C. We further showed that the largest part of the overall sample variance was not explained by fine‐earth stock variances, rather by the C concentrations variance. The applied uncertainty analyses in this study link the variability of strata with measurement errors. In accordance to other studies for Central Europe, the results showed that the applied method enabled a reliable nationwide quantification of the soil C pool development for a certain period.
Gender differences in the use of an online homework system in an introductory physics course

The two genders make different use of being allowed multiple tries to solve online homework problems: male students frequently attempt to immediately solve the problem, while female students are more likely to first interact with peers and teaching assistants before entering answers. More male than female students state that they use the multiple allowed attempts to enter “random stuff,” while more female than male students state that the multiple attempts allow them to explore their own problem solving approaches without worrying or being stressed out by grades.
The ‘when’ of memory: Contemporary memorials to distant and violent pasts

In 2006, the Tower of London erected a new memorial to commemorate the victims of the Tower. Previously marketed as a fun-packed revel in the macabre, the memorial sculpture has altered the mood of remembrance at the Tower. The article uses the example of the memorial as an opportunity to explore the ethics and aesthetics that surround contemporary memorializing of violent and distant pasts in relation to tourism.
Occupational Science: The Key to Broadening Horizons

In this paper, I will consider occupational science as a key to broadening horizons in occupational therapy. I start by clarifying and defining what occupational science is, and discuss the benefits that rigorous study of humans as occupational beings may bring to occupational therapy. I suggest that adopting occupational science will assist occupational therapists to think in occupational rather than medical terms. This alone would extend the profession's domain of concern considerably, because it becomes clear that it is not only the people with disorder of body or mind who are occupationally handicapped. Humans have ‘occupational needs’ which are related to maintaining health, and many health outcomes, either good or bad, can be traced back to basic occupational determinants that people have created over time. Our twentieth century founders recognised that we needed such a science and, even earlier, social philosophers wrote of its importance. If occupational therapists work as agents of change according to a sound knowledge base built upon the unique aspect of life and health which is their domain, they will be able to respond and develop according to rapidly changing economies and values. This keynote address was given on 4 July 2001 at the 25th Annual Conference of the College of Occupational Therapists, held at the University of Wales, Swansea.
No Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cognition and Mood in Individuals with Cognitive Impairment and Probable Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Findings from epidemiological and observational studies have indicated that diets high in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) may reduce the risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To determine if increasing intake of DHA and EPA through supplementation is beneficial to cognition and mood in individuals with cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD) a four month, randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled study was conducted. Fifty-seven participants with CIND and nineteen with AD were randomised to receive either omega-3 PUFAs (600 mg EPA and 625 mg DHA per day) or placebo (olive oil) over a four month period. Elevating depleted levels of EPA and DHA through supplementation in individuals with CIND or AD was found to have negligible beneficial effect on their cognition or mood. These findings confirm an overall negligible benefit of omega-3 PUFA supplementation for those with cognitive impairment and dementia. More intervention studies need to be undertaken with longer study durations and larger sample sizes. It may prove fruitful to examine effects of different doses as well as effects in other dementia subtypes.
Towards an understanding of variations in infant mortality rates between different ethnic groups in England and Wales

Large inequalities in infant mortality rates • exist between White and ethnic minority groups in England and Wales. Caribbean and Pakistani babies are more • than twice as likely to die before the age of one as White British or Bangladeshi babies in part due to a higher prevalence of preterm birth and congenital anomalies, respectively, in these particular groups. There is considerable heterogeneity between • different ethnic groups in both the causes and the risk factors for infant mortality. Explanations for variations in infant mortality • between ethnic groups are complex, involving the interplay of deprivation, physiological, behavioural and cultural factors. More research is needed in order to identify • the pathways that lead to higher risks of infant death among Black and other ethnic minority groups.