Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differentials in poisoning rates of young Australian children according to residential location and geographical remoteness

Objectives: To assess differentials in the poisoning rates of children aged 0–4 years according to residential location and geographical remoteness. Design: Cross sectional study based on hospitalizations. Setting: Australia. Subjects: Children aged 0–4 years admitted to hospital due to poisoning during the financial year 1996–97. Main outcome measures: Crude rates of hospitalization. Results: The rate of hospitalization due to poisoning peaked in the third year and second year of life for medicinal and non-medicinal substances respectively. Rates were significantly higher among children aged 0–4 years residing in rural and remote areas when compared with those residing in metropolitan areas, and rate differentials increased with geographical remoteness. Conclusions: The observed differentials suggest the need for targeted research and prevention efforts aimed at rural and remote area communities. A detailed empirical study is recommended, involving the assessment of risk factors and an in-home hazard checklist, as a precursor to any intervention program.
MDAG-Cubing: A Reduced Star-Cubing Approach

In this paper, we extend the Star-Cubing approach by introducing a new hybrid dimension-based approach to efficiently compute full or iceberg cubes with simple or complex measures. This new approach, named Multidimensional Direct Acyclic Graph Cubing (MDAG-Cubing), introduces the notion of external and internal nodes to reduce the cube representation without loss of generality. The reduced representation enables improvements in memory consumption and data structure traversals, since it has smaller height, fewer nodes and fewer branches. We implement two MDAG algorithms that run, on average, 25-50% faster than the Star-Cubing algorithm and consume 70-90% less memory to represent the same data cube.
Trace Elements in Eneolithic and Late Medieval Human Bones from Two Archaeological Sites in Tuscany: Evaluation of Diagenetic Processes, Diet and Exposure to Heavy Metals

Concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, Ca, Sr, Al, Fe, Ti, Fe and Mn were determined in bone samples from human skeletons dating back to the Late Medieval Period from Pianosa Island (Grosseto, Italy) and to the Eneolithic (i.e. the Copper Age) from the Lunigiana region (municipality of Cassola, Massa Carrara, Italy), in order to obtain insights into diet, heavy metal contamination and differences in accumulation between humerus and femur. The influence of diagenetic processes, which alter archaeological remains within their burial environment, was evaluated by multivariate statistical analysis, comparing trace element concentrations both in bone and in soil still present in the humerus and femur. This method and Sr:Ca and Zn:Ca ratios provided reliable information on diagenetic processes and diet in the two periods and enabled assessment of accumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb). The results indicate that diagenesis did not influence concentrations of Pb, Cu, Zn, Ca or Sr, and that there was no significant difference in accumulation of these elements between humerus and femur. Sr:Ca and Zn:Ca ratios indicated vastly different diets in the two periods. The occurrence of high levels of Cu (1368.64 mg/kg d.w.) in a humerus from the Copper Age sample possibly due to exposure during copper smelting, was a very interesting outcome.
Do organizational justice and leadership trust improve village-owned enterprises performance? organizational learning as mediating

Research aims: This research aims to investigate the effects of organizational justice, trust in leadership, and organizational learning on the performance of Indonesian village-owned enterprises (VOEs). Design/Methodology/Approach: The data for this study were collected using a questionnaire survey to 855 respondents affiliated with VOEs in the regencies of Kuantan Singingi, Rokan Hulu, Meranti, and Indragiri Hilir. The data analysis was performed utilizing SmartPLS, a software tool often employed in academic research for structural equation modeling and path analysis.Research findings: The study's findings uncovered notable positive correlations between organizational justice and trust in leadership with the performance of VOEs. Furthermore, organizational learning served as a mediator in the correlation between organizational justice or trust in leadership and the performance of VOEs.Theoretical contribution/Originality: According to the principles of social exchange theory, individuals are more likely to exhibit increased levels of contribution and commitment towards their organization when they see fair treatment and possess a sense of trust in their leaders.Practitioner/Policy implication: This study highlights the significance of establishing a trustworthy atmosphere inside virtual organizational environments of VOEs to foster organizational learning and performance.Research limitation/Implication: By promoting fair practices, building trust in leadership, and encouraging continuous learning, VOEs can improve their organizational performance.
Cerenkov Radiation Energy Transfer (CRET) Imaging: A Novel Method for Optical Imaging of PET Isotopes in Biological Systems

Background Positron emission tomography (PET) allows sensitive, non-invasive analysis of the distribution of radiopharmaceutical tracers labeled with positron (β+)-emitting radionuclides in small animals and humans. Upon β+ decay, the initial velocity of high-energy β+ particles can momentarily exceed the speed of light in tissue, producing Cerenkov radiation that is detectable by optical imaging, but is highly absorbed in living organisms. Principal Findings To improve optical imaging of Cerenkov radiation in biological systems, we demonstrate that Cerenkov radiation from decay of the PET isotopes 64Cu and 18F can be spectrally coupled by energy transfer to high Stokes-shift quantum nanoparticles (Qtracker705) to produce highly red-shifted photonic emissions. Efficient energy transfer was not detected with 99mTc, a predominantly γ-emitting isotope. Similar to bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), herein we define the Cerenkov radiation energy transfer (CRET) ratio as the normalized quotient of light detected within a spectral window centered on the fluorophore emission divided by light detected within a spectral window of the Cerenkov radiation emission to quantify imaging signals. Optical images of solutions containing Qtracker705 nanoparticles and [18F]FDG showed CRET ratios in vitro as high as 8.8±1.1, while images of mice with subcutaneous pseudotumors impregnated with Qtracker705 following intravenous injection of [18F]FDG showed CRET ratios in vivo as high as 3.5±0.3. Conclusions Quantitative CRET imaging may afford a variety of novel optical imaging applications and activation strategies for PET radiopharmaceuticals and other isotopes in biomaterials, tissues and live animals.
COLLOCATION METHODS FOR CAUCHY SINGULAR INTEGRAL EQUATIONS ON THE INTERVAL (cid:3)

In this paper we consider polynomial collocation methods for the numerical solution of a singular integral equation over the interval, where the operator of the equation is supposed to be of the form aI + b(cid:22) (cid:0) 1 S(cid:22)I + K with S the Cauchy singular integral operator, with piecewise continuous coefﬁcients a and b; and with a Jacobi weight (cid:22): K denotes an integral operator with a continuous kernel function. To the integral equation we apply two collocation methods, where the collocation points are the Chebyshev nodes of the ﬁrst and second kind and where the trial space is the space of polynomials multiplied by another Jacobi weight. For the stability and convergence of this collocation scheme in weighted L 2 -spaces, we derive necessary and sufﬁcient conditions. Moreover, we discuss stability of operator sequences belonging to algebras generated by the sequences of the collocation methods for the above described operators. Finally, the so-called splitting property of the singular values of the sequences of the matrices of the discretized equations is proved.
Analysis of the Impact of Increased Prices of Basic Necessities on Per Capita Income in Indonesia: A Review from a Domestic Economic Perspective

The increase in prices of basic necessities has a significant impact on a country's per capita income. This research aims to analyze the impact of rising prices of basic necessities on per capita income in Indonesia, with an emphasis on the domestic economic perspective. The panel data regression analysis method is used to evaluate the relationship between increases in prices of basic necessities and per capita income, by controlling for various other economic and demographic factors. The research results show that the increase in prices of basic necessities has a real influence on per capita income in Indonesia. A decrease in purchasing power due to an increase in the price of basic necessities can reduce the real income of individuals and families, which in turn affects overall per capita income. The impact is felt especially among households with low income levels. Other factors such as inflation, economic growth and government policies also play a role in determining the impact of rising prices of basic necessities on per capita income. Therefore, there is a need for appropriate policies to effectively manage rising prices of basic necessities, including steps to control inflation, strengthen the social protection system, and increase economic productivity. In conclusion, the increase in prices of basic necessities has significant implications for per capita income in Indonesia. A holistic and sustainable approach is needed in formulating economic policies that can overcome these challenges, taking into account various external and internal factors that influence domestic economic dynamics.
Use of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Profiles for Discrimination of Bacillus cereus T-Strain Spores Grown on Different Media

ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to determine if cellular fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiling could be used to distinguish among spore samples from a single species (Bacillus cereus T strain) that were prepared on 10 different medium formulations. To analyze profile differences and identify FAME biomarkers diagnostic for the chemical constituents in each sporulation medium, a variety of statistical techniques were used, including nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nMDS), analysis of similarities (ANOSIM), and discriminant function analysis (DFA). The results showed that one FAME biomarker, oleic acid (18:1 ω9c), was exclusively associated with spores grown on Columbia agar supplemented with sheep blood and was indicative of blood supplements that were present in the sporulation medium. For spores grown in other formulations, multivariate comparisons across several FAME biomarkers were required to discern profile differences. Clustering patterns in nMDS plots and R values from ANOSIM revealed that dissimilarities among FAME profiles were most pronounced when spores grown with disparate sources of complex additives or protein supplements were compared (R > 0.8), although other factors also contributed to FAME differences. DFA indicated that differentiation could be maximized with a targeted subset of FAME variables, and the relative contributions of branched FAME biomarkers to group dissimilarities changed when different media were compared. When taken together, these analyses indicate that B. cereus spore samples grown in different media can be resolved with FAME profiling and that this may be a useful technique for providing intelligence about the production methods of Bacillus organisms in a forensic investigation.
Mechanistic Characterization and Molecular Modeling of Hepatitis B Virus Polymerase Resistance to Entecavir

Background Entecavir (ETV) is a deoxyguanosine analog competitive inhibitor of hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase that exhibits delayed chain termination of HBV DNA. A high barrier to entecavir-resistance (ETVr) is observed clinically, likely due to its potency and a requirement for multiple resistance changes to overcome suppression. Changes in the HBV polymerase reverse-transcriptase (RT) domain involve lamivudine-resistance (LVDr) substitutions in the conserved YMDD motif (M204V/I ± L180M), plus an additional ETV-specific change at residues T184, S202 or M250. These substitutions surround the putative dNTP binding site or primer grip regions of the HBV RT. Methods/Principal Findings To determine the mechanistic basis for ETVr, wildtype, lamivudine-resistant (M204V, L180M) and ETVr HBVs were studied using in vitro RT enzyme and cell culture assays, as well as molecular modeling. Resistance substitutions significantly reduced ETV incorporation and chain termination in HBV DNA and increased the ETV-TP inhibition constant (Ki) for HBV RT. Resistant HBVs exhibited impaired replication in culture and reduced enzyme activity (kcat) in vitro. Molecular modeling of the HBV RT suggested that ETVr residue T184 was adjacent to and stabilized S202 within the LVDr YMDD loop. ETVr arose through steric changes at T184 or S202 or by disruption of hydrogen-bonding between the two, both of which repositioned the loop and reduced the ETV-triphosphate (ETV-TP) binding pocket. In contrast to T184 and S202 changes, ETVr at primer grip residue M250 was observed during RNA-directed DNA synthesis only. Experimentally, M250 changes also impacted the dNTP-binding site. Modeling suggested a novel mechanism for M250 resistance, whereby repositioning of the primer-template component of the dNTP-binding site shifted the ETV-TP binding pocket. No structural data are available to confirm the HBV RT modeling, however, results were consistent with phenotypic analysis of comprehensive substitutions of each ETVr position. Conclusions Altogether, ETVr occurred through exclusion of ETV-TP from the dNTP-binding site, through different, novel mechanisms that involved lamivudine-resistance, ETV-specific substitutions, and the primer-template.
A Statistical Survey of the 630.0‐nm Optical Signature of Periodic Auroral Arcs Resulting From Magnetospheric Field Line Resonances

Advances in networks of ground‐based optical instrumentation have enabled us to identify over 400 examples of auroral arcs with an infrequently observed, temporally periodic auroral morphology. This study focuses on these arcs observed via the 630‐nm (“redline”) auroral emission wavelength and connects them to global magnetospheric wave modes known as field line resonances (FLRs). We show that optical redline FLR auroral arcs occur most frequently near 20 and 4 magnetic local time, in contrast to nonperiodic redline arcs, which occur most frequently near midnight. We find that this periodic type of auroral arc is rare, occurring in approximately 5% of redline aurora observed by the Redline Emission Geospace Observatory all‐sky imagers. We also show Swarm satellite observations of two separate instances of 630‐nm FLR arcs with strong upward field‐aligned currents of the order of 3–6 μA/m2.
Vaccinia Virus Intermediate Stage Transcription Is Complemented by Ras-GTPase-activating Protein SH3 Domain-binding Protein (G3BP) and Cytoplasmic Activation/Proliferation-associated Protein (p137) Individually or as a Heterodimer*

Transcription of the DNA genome of vaccinia virus occurs in the cytoplasm and is temporally programmed by early, intermediate, and late stage-specific transcription factors in conjunction with a viral multisubunit RNA polymerase. The RNA polymerase, capping enzyme, and three factors (VITF-1, VITF-2, and VITF-3) are sufficient for in vitro transcription of a DNA template containing an intermediate stage promoter. Vaccinia virus intermediate transcription factor (VITF)-1 and -3 are virus-encoded, whereas VITF-2 was partially purified from extracts of uninfected HeLa cells. Using purified and recombinant viral proteins, we showed that the HeLa cell factor was required for transcription of linear or nicked circular templates but not of super coiled DNA. HeLa cell polypeptides of ∼110 and 66 kDa copurified with VITF-2 activity through multiple chromatographic steps. The polypeptides were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and identified by mass spectrometry as Ras-GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein (G3BP) and p137, recently named cytoplasmic activation/proliferation-associated protein-1. The co-purification of the two polypeptides with transcription-complementing activity was confirmed with specific antibodies, and their association with each other was demonstrated by affinity chromatography of tagged recombinant forms. Furthermore, recombinant G3BP and p137 expressed individually or together in mammalian or bacterial cells complemented the activity of the viral RNA polymerase and transcription factors. The involvement of cellular proteins in transcription of intermediate stage genes may regulate the transition between early and late phases of vaccinia virus replication.
Emotion recognition based on phoneme classes

Recognizing human emotions/attitudes from speech cues has gained increased attention recently. Most previous work has focused primarily on suprasegmental prosodic features calculated at the utterance level for this purpose. Notably, not much attention is paid to details at the segmental phoneme level in the modeling. Based on the hypothesis that different emotions have varying effects on the properties of the different speech sounds, this paper investigates the usefulness of phoneme-level modeling for the classification of emotional states from speech. Hidden Markov models (HMM) based on short-term spectral features are used for this purpose using data obtained from a recording of an actress’ expressing 4 different emotional states anger, happiness, neutral, and sadness. We designed and compared two sets of HMM classifiers: a generic set of ”emotional speech” HMMs (one for each emotion) a set of broad phoneticclass based HMMs for each emotion type considered. Five broad phonetic classes were used to explore the effect of emotional coloring on different phoneme classes, and it was found that (spectral properties of) vowel sounds were the best indicator to emotions in terms of the classification performance. The experiments also showed that the best performance can be obtained by using phoneme-class classifiers over generic “emotional” HMM classifier and classifiers based on global prosodic features. To see complementary effect of the prosodic and spectral features, two classifiers were combined at the decision level. The improvement was 0.55% in absolute compared with the result from phoneme-class based HMM classifier.
A Molecular Insight into the Role of Inflammation in the Behavior and Pathogenesis of Odontogenic Cysts

Background: Although, odontogenickeratocyst (OKC) and dentigerous cyst (DC) are considered asdevelopmental cysts inflammation has been seen in its connective tissue wall. Inflammation is seen to alter the epithelial lining of both OKC and DC butwhether it plays in altering the behavior of these cysts is not fully understood. Aim: The present study is conducted with the help of molecular marker proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) to assess the proliferative activity of OKC and DC and to further evaluate and correlate the effect of inflammation on the proliferative activity and hence on biological behavior of these cysts. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemicalstaining was performed using anti-PCNA antibody in 10 cases each of classical OKC, inflamed OKC, classical DC, and inflamed DC. The resulting data was tabulated on Microsoft excel and subjected to statistical analysis using two-way analysis of variance test, t test and post-hoc test followed by Bonferroni test with the application of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) and Epi-Info 6.04 d, Atlanta, Georgia (USA). Results: Total mean PCNA expression is statistically higher in inflamed OKC than classical OKC and inflamed DC also showed significantly higher PCNA expression than classical DC (P < 0.001). Correlation between inflammation and PCNA expression was not statistically significant (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: Inflammation is responsible for change in behavior of neoplastic epithelium of OKC, whereas in dentigerous it is responsible for changes in epithelial lining and hence should be treated meticulously.
A parallel second-order adaptive mesh algorithm for incompressible flow in porous media

In this paper, we present a second-order accurate adaptive algorithm for solving multi-phase, incompressible flow in porous media. We assume a multi-phase form of Darcy’s law with relative permeabilities given as a function of the phase saturation. The remaining equations express conservation of mass for the fluid constituents. In this setting, the total velocity, defined to be the sum of the phase velocities, is divergence free. The basic integration method is based on a total-velocity splitting approach in which we solve a second-order elliptic pressure equation to obtain a total velocity. This total velocity is then used to recast component conservation equations as nonlinear hyperbolic equations. Our approach to adaptive refinement uses a nested hierarchy of logically rectangular grids with simultaneous refinement of the grids in both space and time. The integration algorithm on the grid hierarchy is a recursive procedure in which coarse grids are advanced in time, fine grids are advanced multiple steps to reach the same time as the coarse grids and the data at different levels are then synchronized. The single-grid algorithm is described briefly, but the emphasis here is on the time-stepping procedure for the adaptive hierarchy. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the algorithm’s accuracy and convergence properties and to illustrate the behaviour of the method.
Multiscale Gevrey asymptotics in boundary layer expansions for some initial value problem with merging turning points

We consider a nonlinear singularly perturbed PDE leaning on a complex perturbation parameter $\epsilon$. The problem possesses an irregular singularity in time at the origin and involves a set of so-called moving turning points merging to 0 with $\epsilon$. We construct outer solutions for time located in complex sectors that are kept away from the origin at a distance equivalent to a positive power of $|\epsilon|$ and we build up a related family of sectorial holomorphic inner solutions for small time inside some boundary layer. We show that both outer and inner solutions have Gevrey asymptotic expansions as $\epsilon$ tends to 0 on appropriate sets of sectors that cover a neighborhood of the origin in $\mathbb{C}^{\ast}$. We observe that their Gevrey orders are distinct in general.