Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attitudes of psychiatrists toward antipsychotic depot medication.

BACKGROUND Since 2002, a second-generation depot antipsychotic has been available that potentially combines the advantages of depot administration and the favorable aspects of the so-called "atypical" antipsychotics. Nevertheless, long-acting injectable formulations are seldom prescribed in the treatment of schizophrenia. METHOD We surveyed 350 psychiatrists at an international conference as to their reasons for not prescribing a first- or second-generation depot antipsychotic for their patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. RESULTS The most important factor opposing depot prescription pertaining to both classes is a presumed sufficient compliance with oral antipsychotic treatment. First-generation depots are avoided due to the threat of extrapyramidal side effects, whereas second-generation long-acting injectable drugs are considered to be associated with high treatment costs. Less than 36% of participants' patients have ever been offered antipsychotic depot treatment. CONCLUSION Aversions to prescribing depot treatment are frequent among psychiatrists and appear to be unrelated to the antipsychotic class. The stated reasons for not prescribing depots are generally not supported by the current evidence, and further studies are urgently needed to clarify the advantages of depot treatment.
Childhood unintentional injuries: factors predicting injury risk among preschoolers.

OBJECTIVE To examine the relationships between maternal perceptions of risk, stress, social support, safety-proofing behaviors, supervision practices and unintentional injuries to children under 5 years old. METHODS Household interviews were conducted with 159 mothers who had a preschool-age child. The secondary data were part of a population-based study that collected self-report data and home observational data. Diaries were used for collecting prospective injury data. RESULTS White children whose mothers were unemployed and whose homes needed repair were reported to be at higher injury risk than other children. Predicting a higher injury risk were children's behavioral characteristics as well as their being older than 2.5 years. Maternal social support, stress, and coping variables were not related to injury risk. Maternal perceptions of risk variables interacted with maternal safety behavior variables when predicting injury risk. CONCLUSIONS Childhood injuries are predicted by a set of interrelated sociodemographic, cognitive, behavioral, and child-related factors.
Leveraging and Learning Propositional Functions for Large State Spaces in Planning and Reinforcement Learning

Planning in large state spaces is a normally computationally infeasible task that crops up in many practical robotics problems. I present a means of leveraging propositional functions in object-oriented Markov Decision Processes (OO-MDPs) to prune state spaces which yields both signiﬁcant computation speedups as well as generally better plans when applied to baseline planners. Modern reinforcement learning (RL) solutions also make critical use of propositional functions. Given the importance of propositional functions in the presented pruning work and modern RL algorithms and the fact that propositional functions are often diﬃcult to specify by hand, I also present a means by which useful propositional functions can be inferred based on observations regarding transition dynamics. I then use these propositional functions to derive a novel version of deterministic object-oriented RMAX (DOORMAX) which requires no expert-provided propositional functions. Lastly, not only do I demonstrate high correspondence between these learned propositional functions with expert-provided propositional functions but I also demonstrate near classic DOORMAX-level performance of my novel DOORMAX algorithm.
Angry expressions strengthen the encoding and maintenance of face identity representations in visual working memory

Visual working memory (WM) for face identities is enhanced when faces express negative versus positive emotion. To determine the stage at which emotion exerts its influence on memory for person information, we isolated expression (angry/happy) to the encoding phase (Experiment 1; neutral test faces) or retrieval phase (Experiment 2; neutral study faces). WM was only enhanced by anger when expression was present at encoding, suggesting that retrieval mechanisms are not influenced by emotional expression. To examine whether emotional information is discarded on completion of encoding or sustained in WM, in Experiment 3 an emotional word categorisation task was inserted into the maintenance interval. Emotional congruence between word and face supported memory for angry but not for happy faces, suggesting that negative emotional information is preferentially sustained during WM maintenance. Our findings demonstrate that negative expressions exert sustained and beneficial effects on WM for faces that extend beyond encoding.
The number of plane conics 5-fold tangent to a given curve

Given a general plane curve Y of degree d, we compute the number n_d of irreducible plane conics that are 5-fold tangent to Y. This problem has been studied before by Vainsencher using classical methods, but it could not be solved there because the calculations received too many non-enumerative correction terms that could not be analyzed. In our current approach, we express the number n_d in terms of relative Gromov-Witten invariants that can then be directly computed. As an application, we consider the K3 surface given as the double cover of P^2 branched along a sextic curve. We compute the number of rational curves in this K3 surface in the homology class that is the pull-back of conics in P^2, and compare this number to the corresponding Yau-Zaslow K3 invariant. This gives an example of such a K3 invariant for a non-primitive homology class.
Immediate postoperative of bariatric surgery in the intensive care unit versus an inpatient unit. A retrospective study with 828 patients

Objective To compare the incidence of complications and the duration of hospitalization of patients undergoing bariatric surgery admitted to the intensive care unit or a post-surgical hospitalization unit. Methods This retrospective observational study included 828 patients admitted between January 2010 and February 2015 during the immediate postoperative period of bariatric surgery in a hospital. Data were collected via electronic medical records. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare continuous variables, and the chi-square was used to compare categorical variables. Results Patients in both groups had similar demographic characteristics, with no significant differences in anthropometric data and comorbidities. There was no significant difference in the comparison of complications between the two groups. However, the group admitted to the intensive care unit had longer hospitalization times (median of 3 days versus 2 days, p < 0.05), and hospital costs were 8% higher. Conclusion The present study found no benefit in the routine admittance of patients to the intensive care unit after undergoing bariatric surgery. This practice increased hospitalization time and hospital costs, which wasted resources. It is necessary to create objective criteria to identify patients requiring intensive care unit admission after bariatric surgery.
Gene Expression Profile Identifies Tyrosine Kinase c-Met as a Targetable Mediator of Antiangiogenic Therapy Resistance

Purpose: To identify mediators of glioblastoma antiangiogenic therapy resistance and target these mediators in xenografts. Experimental Design: We conducted microarray analysis comparing bevacizumab-resistant glioblastomas (BRG) with pretreatment tumors from the same patients. We established novel xenograft models of antiangiogenic therapy resistance to target candidate resistance mediator(s). Results: BRG microarray analysis revealed upregulation versus pretreatment of receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met, which underwent further investigation because of its prior biologic plausibility as a bevacizumab resistance mediator. BRGs exhibited increased hypoxia versus pretreatment in a manner correlating with their c-Met upregulation, increased c-Met phosphorylation, and increased phosphorylation of c-Met–activated focal adhesion kinase and STAT3. We developed 2 novel xenograft models of antiangiogenic therapy resistance. In the first model, serial bevacizumab treatment of an initially responsive xenograft generated a xenograft with acquired bevacizumab resistance, which exhibited upregulated c-Met expression versus pretreatment. In the second model, a BRG-derived xenograft maintained refractoriness to the MRI tumor vasculature alterations and survival-promoting effects of bevacizumab. Growth of this BRG-derived xenograft was inhibited by a c-Met inhibitor. Transducing these xenograft cells with c-Met short hairpin RNA inhibited their invasion and survival in hypoxia, disrupted their mesenchymal morphology, and converted them from bevacizumab-resistant to bevacizumab-responsive. Engineering bevacizumab-responsive cells to express constitutively active c-Met caused these cells to form bevacizumab-resistant xenografts. Conclusion: These findings support the role of c-Met in survival in hypoxia and invasion, features associated with antiangiogenic therapy resistance, and growth and therapeutic resistance of xenografts resistant to antiangiogenic therapy. Therapeutically targeting c-Met could prevent or overcome antiangiogenic therapy resistance. Clin Cancer Res; 19(7); 1773–83. ©2012 AACR.
Immunological changes in human skeletal muscle and blood after eccentric exercise and multiple biopsies

1 A role of the immune system in muscular adaptation to physical exercise has been suggested but data from controlled human studies are scarce. The present study investigated immunological events in human blood and skeletal muscle by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry after eccentric cycling exercise and multiple biopsies. 2 Immunohistochemical detection of neutrophil‐ (CD11b, CD15), macrophage‐ (CD163), satellite cell‐ (CD56) and IL‐1β‐specific antigens increased similarly in human skeletal muscle after eccentric cycling exercise together with multiple muscle biopsies, or multiple biopsies only. 3 Changes in immunological variables in blood and muscle were related, and monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells appeared to have governing functions over immunological events in human skeletal muscle. 4 Delayed onset muscle soreness, serum creatine kinase activity and C‐reactive protein concentration were not related to leukocyte infiltration in human skeletal muscle. 5 Eccentric cycling and/or muscle biopsies did not result in T cell infiltration in human skeletal muscle. Modes of stress other than eccentric cycling should therefore be evaluated as a myositis model in human. 6 Based on results from the present study, and in the light of previously published data, it appears plausible that muscular adaptation to physical exercise occurs without preceding muscle inflammation. Nevertheless, leukocytes seem important for repair, regeneration and adaptation of human skeletal muscle.
A Coronavirus E Protein Is Present in Two Distinct Pools with Different Effects on Assembly and the Secretory Pathway

ABSTRACT Coronaviruses (CoVs) assemble by budding into the lumen of the early Golgi complex prior to exocytosis. The small CoV envelope (E) protein plays roles in assembly, virion release, and pathogenesis. CoV E has a single hydrophobic domain (HD), is targeted to Golgi complex membranes, and has cation channel activity in vitro. However, the precise functions of the CoV E protein during infection are still enigmatic. Structural data for the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV E protein suggest that it assembles into a homopentamer. Specific residues in the HD regulate the ion-conducting pore formed by SARS-CoV E in artificial bilayers and the pathogenicity of the virus during infection. The E protein from the avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) has dramatic effects on the secretory system which require residues in the HD. Here, we use the known structural data from SARS-CoV E to infer the residues important for ion channel activity and the oligomerization of IBV E. We present biochemical data for the formation of two distinct oligomeric pools of IBV E in transfected and infected cells and the residues required for their formation. A high-order oligomer of IBV E is required for the production of virus-like particles (VLPs), implicating this form of the protein in virion assembly. Additionally, disruption of the secretory pathway by IBV E correlates with a form that is likely monomeric, suggesting that the effects on the secretory pathway are independent of E ion channel activity. IMPORTANCE CoVs are important human pathogens with significant zoonotic potential, as demonstrated by the emergence of SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV. Progress has been made toward identifying potential vaccine candidates in mouse models of CoV infection, including the use of attenuated viruses that lack the CoV E protein or express E-protein mutants. However, no approved vaccines or antiviral therapeutics exist. We previously reported that the hydrophobic domain of the IBV E protein, a putative viroporin, causes disruption of the mammalian secretory pathway when exogenously expressed in cells. Understanding the mechanism of this disruption could lead to the identification of novel antiviral therapeutics. Here, we present biochemical evidence for two distinct oligomeric forms of IBV E, one essential for assembly and the other with a role in disruption of the secretory pathway. Discovery of two forms of CoV E protein will provide additional targets for antiviral therapeutics.
Blockade of Nogo Receptor Ligands Promotes Functional Regeneration of Sensory Axons after Dorsal Root Crush

A major impediment for regeneration of axons within the CNS is the presence of multiple inhibitory factors associated with myelin. Three of these factors bind to the Nogo receptor, NgR, which is expressed on axons. Administration of exogenous blockers of NgR or NgR ligands promotes the regeneration of descending axonal projections after spinal cord hemisection. A more detailed analysis of CNS regeneration can be made by examining the growth of specific classes of sensory axons into the spinal cord after dorsal root crush injury. In this study, we assessed whether administration of a soluble peptide fragment of the NgR (sNgR) that binds to and blocks all three NgR ligands can promote regeneration after brachial dorsal root crush in adult rats. Intraventricular infusion of sNgR for 1 month results in extensive regrowth of myelinated sensory axons into the white and gray matter of the dorsal spinal cord, but unmyelinated sensory afferents do not regenerate. In concert with the anatomical growth of sensory axons into the cord, there is a gradual restoration of synaptic function in the denervated region, as revealed by extracellular microelectrode recordings from the spinal gray matter in response to stimulation of peripheral nerves. These positive synaptic responses are correlated with substantial improvements in use of the forelimb, as assessed by paw preference, paw withdrawal to tactile stimuli and the ability to grasp. These results suggest that sNgR may be a potential therapy for restoring sensory function after injuries to sensory roots.
The Effectiveness of Prompts to Promote Engagement With Digital Interventions: A Systematic Review

Background Digital interventions have been effective in improving numerous health outcomes and health behaviors; furthermore, they are increasingly being used in different health care areas, including self-management of long-term conditions, mental health, and health promotion. The full potential of digital interventions is hindered by a lack of user engagement. There is an urgent need to develop effective strategies that can promote users’ engagement with digital interventions. One potential method is the use of technology-based reminders or prompts. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of technology-based strategies for promoting engagement with digital interventions. Methods Cochrane Collaboration guidelines on systematic review methodology were followed. The search strategy was executed across 7 electronic databases: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, the Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), PsycINFO, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). Databases were searched from inception to September 13, 2013, with no language or publication type restrictions, using three concepts: randomized controlled trials, digital interventions, and engagement. Gray literature and reference lists of included studies were also searched. Titles and abstracts were independently screened by 2 authors, then the full texts of potentially eligible papers were obtained and double-screened. Data from eligible papers were extracted by one author and checked for accuracy by another author. Bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. Narrative synthesis was performed on all included studies and, where appropriate, data were pooled using meta-analysis. All findings were reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results A total of 14 studies were included in the review with 8774 participants. Of the 14 studies, 9 had sufficient data to be included in the meta-analyses. The meta-analyses suggested that technology-based strategies can potentially promote engagement compared to no strategy for dichotomous outcomes (relative risk [RR] 1.27, 95% CI 1.01-1.60, I2=71%), but due to considerable heterogeneity and the small sample sizes in most studies, this result should be treated with caution. No studies reported adverse or economic outcomes. Only one study with a small sample size compared different characteristics; the study found that strategies promoting new digital intervention content and those sent to users shortly after they started using the digital intervention were more likely to engage users. Conclusions Overall, studies reported borderline positive effects of technology-based strategies on engagement compared to no strategy. However, the results have to be interpreted with caution. More research is needed to replicate findings and understand which characteristics of the strategies are effective in promoting engagement and how cost-effective they are.
Chemical Composition of Portuguese Propolis .Bioactive Properties

Propolis is a complex resinous product gathered by honeybees whose chemical composition is highly variable, depending strongly on the plant sources available to the bees at the site of collection. Propolis from the six regions of Portugal, including islands, was fully characterized in terms of physicochemical properties, phenolic composition and antioxidant activity, enabling the establishment of quality standards. Colour, frequently used as a commercial parameter, was accessed by the first time in propolis with the CIELAB system, and proposed as a quick and reliable method for quality recognition. The results attested the existence of two different types of propolis within the six regions under study. One, the poplar propolis most common in temperate regions, revealed a high content in phenolics and show high bioactivity. The other, with darker green colour is less rich in phenolics and generally less
A new species of newt of the genus Paramesotriton (Salamandridae) from southwestern Guangdong, China, with a new northern record of P. longliensis from western Hubei

We report two previously unknown populations of Asian warty newts (Salamandridae: Paramesotriton) in China. The first population, from southwestern Guangdong, is described as a new species, which is closely related to P. guangxiensis based on morphological and molecular data. The second new population, from western Hubei, is assigned to P. longliensis, which extends the known range of this species 400 km northwards. Limited genetic differentiation between P. longliensis and P. zhijinensis suggests that these two names may refer to the same (single) species.
Determination of Best management Practices anD innovations in Beef cattle farming anD their aDoPtion in the eastern meDiterranean region of turkey

Boz, I. , 2014. Determination of best management practices and innovations in beef cattle farming and their adoption in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 20: 552-562 The primary purpose of this study was to determine best management practices and innovations in beef cattle farming and their adoption in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. A stratified random sample of 170 beef cattle farmers operated in the region was the participant of the study. Data were collected by administering a questionnaire filled during the face-to-face interviews conducted with each individual respondent. Results showed that adoption level was quite low and it was influenced by socioeconomic variables of cooperative membership, investments, farm size, owning improved breeds, and income; and by information-seeking variables of reading newspapers, using the Internet, contacts with extension personnel, and contacts with private veterinarians. It was concluded that governmental support for livestock sector had limited influence on the adoption of BMPs and innovations and therefore on the viability of beef cattle farming. The findings of this study are expected to provide useful information for scientists, policy-makers and extension organizations.
Popular Conjectures Imply Strong Lower Bounds for Dynamic Problems

We consider several well-studied problems in dynamic algorithms and prove that sufficient progress on any of them would imply a breakthrough on one of five major open problems in the theory of algorithms: 1) Is the 3SUM problem on n numbers in O(n2-ε) time for some ε > 0? 2) Can one determine the satisfiability of a CNF formula on n variables and poly n clauses in O((2 - ε)npoly n) time for some ε > 0? 3) Is the All Pairs Shortest Paths problem for graphs on n vertices in O(n3-ε) time for some ε > 0? 4) Is there a linear time algorithm that detects whether a given graph contains a triangle? 5) Is there an O(n3-ε) time combinatorial algorithm for n×n Boolean matrix multiplication? The problems we consider include dynamic versions of bipartite perfect matching, bipartite maximum weight matching, single source reachability, single source shortest paths, strong connectivity, subgraph connectivity, diameter approximation and some nongraph problems such as Pagh's problem defined in a recent paper by Patrascu[STOC 2010].