Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attributions of causes for unemployment by unemployed workers

This study investigated the assignment of causes for unemployment by unemployed workers, with a view to analyzing the predictive power of sociodemographic variables for the assignment. A scale of causal attribution of unemployment, originally developed by Furnham, was applied to 376 unemployed people. After confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the scale factors were used in a regression model containing sociodemographic variables as predictors. The CFA results support Furnham’s original three-factor model of unemployment causes (individualistic, societal, and fatalistic; χ 2 (100)=261.53, p<0.001; χ2/gl=2.61; CFI=0.91, TLI=0.90; RMSEA=0.06). Regression analysis identified significant prediction for only the income variable and individualistic causes factor (β=0.15, p<0.01), the income variable and societal causes factor (β=0.10, p<0.001), and the educational level variable and societal causes factor (β=-0.15, p<0.01). Societal causes presented the highest average score, which was significantly (p<0.001) different than the scores for the other two factors. The study concludes that educational level does not seem to have a linear impact on beliefs regarding the causes for unemployment, nor does gender have a significant influence on these beliefs. Palavras-chave: Unemployment, Attributing causes, Furnham’s scale. The importance of understanding socioeconomic and psychological factors related to unemployment has grown throughout the world, particularly since the global financial crisis of 2007. Eurostat (February 2014) reported EU unemployment rates above 10% – for example, in Spain (25.6%), France (10.4%), Italy (13.0%), and Portugal (15.3%). Brazil has had similar unemployment rates, such as 18.7% according to DIEESE (2006), and only recently has Brazil managed to reduce and stabilize unemployment rates around 10% (Figure 1). Two of the ways in which unemployment causes damage to a society are the permanent loss of human capital in the medium and long term, especially for the young, and the negative impact on people’s health and well-being (Choudhry, Marelli, & Signorelli, 2013). With regard to the former, the International Labor Organization special report on Trends in Global Employment 2013 stated that globally, 197 million people were unemployed in 2012, and that young people were especially prominent among the groups most affected by the financial crises (International Labour Organization [ILO], 2013). People with little work experience and less developed skills, as is the case with young people, offer a lower human capital than adult workers and are thus more vulnerable. With regard to the negative impacts of unemployment on health and well-being, Boyce, Wood, Daly, and Sedikides (in press) conducted a longitudinal study of employment, following the occupational history of more than 6,000 people, and they found strong evidence that the unemployment experience is associated with personality changes, with repercussions for ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
Comparative freeze-fracture study of perialgal and digestive vacuoles in Paramecium bursaria.

In the endosymbiotic unit of Paramecium bursaria (Ciliata) and Chlorella sp. (Chlorophyceae) algae are enclosed individually in perialgal vacuoles, which do not show acid phosphatase activity and thus differ from digestive vacuoles. Both types of vacuoles have been studied by freeze-fracture. Perialgal vacuoles are nearly spherical; their membrane always fits tightly to the algal surface. The vacuole size and shape do not vary much. During division of the algal cell into four autospores the vacuole diameter only doubles. After autospore formation the vacuole invaginates around the algal daughter cells and divides. Newly formed perialgal vacuoles remain in intimate contact and exhibit characteristic attachment zones before final separation. The two fracture faces of perialgal vacuole membranes are homogeneously covered with intramembranous particles (IMPs) but rarely show signs of vesicles pinching off or fusing with the membrane, except during vacuole division. The P-faces bear more IMPs (3164 +/- 625 IMP/micron 2) than the E-faces (654 +/- 208 IMP/micron 2). The range of IMP density on both faces is enormous, suggesting that the membrane is not static. Membrane changes are supposed to occur simultaneously with the enlargement of the vacuole and to be caused by fusion with cytoplasmic vesicles, as the fractured necks on vacuole membranes may indicate. Digestive vacuoles in P. bursaria show significant variations in size, shape, membrane topography and IMP density, as well as signs of endocytic activity. Different vacuole populations are present in P. bursaria according to different feeding conditions: ciliates fed for a long time have small vacuoles with few IMPs (322 +/- 198 IMP/micron 2 on the E-faces, 1438 +/- 458 IMP/micron 2 on the P-faces), which are probably condensed digestive vacuoles, whereas organisms fed for a short time have larger vacuoles with highly particulate faces (680 +/- 282 IMP/micron 2 on the E-faces, 2701 +/- 503 IMP/micron 2 on the P-faces) and thus are supposed to be older vacuoles. The digestive vacuole membrane changes continuously. Compared to digestive vacuoles perialgal vacuoles are characterized by small size combined with high IMP density on the two fracture faces. Their IMP densities resemble those of old digestive vacuole membranes. However, it would be premature to conclude that membranes of perialgal and old digestive vacuoles are identical. Membranes of old digestive vacuoles are mainly derived from lysosomal material, which presumably does not contribute to the formation of perialgal vacuole membranes as is indicated by the small vacuole diameter; fusion with lysosomes would considerably enlarge it. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Stratospheric ozone isotope enrichment studied by submillimeter wave heterodyne radiometry: the observation capabilities of SMILES

The isotopic ratio of molecules often provides valuable information about past or presently occurring processes in the atmosphere because chemical and physical processes may give rise to isotope fractionation of molecular species. However, there are so far no published satellite measurements on the spatial and temporal variations of ozone isotopes in the stratosphere. Spectroscopic remote sensing methods can theoretically be used to observe ozone isotope fractionation on a global scale, but sufficient accuracy has not yet been achieved. A new generation of submillimeter-wave receivers employing sensitive superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) detector technology will provide new opportunities for precise remote sensing measurements of ozone isotopes on a global scale. We have estimated the observation capabilities of two different SIS instruments, namely the space-station-borne Japanese Experimental Module/Sub-Millimeter-wave Limb Emission Sounder (JEM/SMILES) instrument, currently planned for launch in 2008, as well as the airborne Submillimeter wave Atmospheric Sounder/Airborne Submillimeter SIS Radiometer (SUMAS/ASUR) sensor. Measurements of the airborne sensor, conducted in 1996, are presented in order to demonstrate the detection of normal-O/sub 3/ and asymmetric-18-O/sub 3/ in the SMILES frequency bands. In the ideal case, JEM/SMILES has the capability to measure the ozone isotope enrichment (/spl delta//sup M/O/sub 3/) in the middle stratosphere with a precision of /spl sim/12/sup 0///sub 00/, /spl sim/11/sup 0///sub 00/, and /spl sim/9/sup 0///sub 00/, for asymmetric-18-O/sub 3/, symmetric-17-O/sub 3/, asymmetric-17-O/sub 3/, respectively, for a daily zonal mean product with resolution of 10/spl deg/ in latitude. The systematic error, including contributions of all instrumental and spectroscopic uncertainties, is estimated to be of the order of 100/sup 0///sub 00/ to 200/sup 0///sub 00/ and should be reduced by prelaunch laboratory measurements and in-flight calibrations. A remaining bias in the SMILES measurements will have to be quantified by dedicated validation campaigns. JEM/SMILES should then be capable to provide valuable information on the global distribution and seasonal variation of ozone isotope fractionation in the stratosphere. This new technology will allow us to shed new light on this still open issue in atmospheric sciences.
A Research Review: The Importance of Families and the Home Environment.

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Considering the Use of General and Modified Assessment Items in Computerized Adaptive Testing

This article used several data sets from a large-scale state testing program to examine the feasibility of combining general and modified assessment items in computerized adaptive testing (CAT) for different groups of students. Results suggested that several of the assumptions made when employing this type of mixed-item CAT may not be met for students with disabilities that have typically taken alternate assessments based on modified achievement standards (AA-MAS). A simulation study indicated that the abilities of AA-MAS students can be underestimated or overestimated by the mixed-item CAT, depending on students’ location on the underlying ability scale. These findings held across grade levels and test lengths. The mixed-item CAT appeared to function well for non-AA-MAS students.
A direct torque control scheme for dual inverter fed induction motor drive with a common DC voltage source

A new scheme for Direct Torque Control (DTC) of dual inverter fed Induction Motor (IM) with open end stator winding is presented in this paper. This scheme eliminates common mode voltage from the windings there by facilitating both inverters to draw power from a common DC source without circulation of common mode currents though the windings and switches. A major advantage of this DTC scheme is the drastic reduction in the DC link voltage required for realizing a given voltage across the motor windings. The proposed scheme is validated by extensive simulation using MATLAB-Simulink. The experimental verification of this scheme is carried out on an induction motor with open-end stator windings using TMS320F28335 digital signal processor.
Mutability of the green-eyed monster: A functional approach to understanding the distinction between benign and hostile envy

Envy functions in resource competition situations in which a competitor outcompetes oneself in a fitness relevant domain (Hill & Buss, 2006, 2008). Research suggests that there are two types of envy, a hostile version, aimed at depriving the envied person of his or her advantage, and a benign version, aimed at gaining an advantage for oneself (Parrott, 1991; van de Ven, Zeelenberg, & Pieters, 2009). Three predictions were derived from the hypothesis that the selection of envy type is functional, taking into account the costs and benefits of a benign versus a hostile response: 1) Hostile envy was expected to be more likely when the advantage can’t be acquired without taking it from the envied. 2) Benign envy was expected to be more likely when the relationship with the envied person is highly valuable to the envier. 3) Benign envy was expected to be more likely when the social environment favors the envied person. Additionally, the emotions experienced as part of envy were proposed to mediate the relationships between elements of the situation and responses to envy. Using a daily diary method, participants described their everyday experiences of envy, which were categorized as benign or hostile based on taxometric and latent class analyses. Prediction 1 was fully supported and prediction 2 was largely supported. Prediction 3 was not supported; instead participants’ beliefs about the envied person’s deservingness directly affected envy type. Mediation analyses supported the proposal that emotions mediate the relationships between situations and responses. The degree to which the envied person’s possession of the advantage makes it harder for the envier to get emerged as an important factor in how one responds to hostile envy.
A Comparison of Two Composer-Guided Large Group Composition Projects

This paper describes the processes used in two composition projects, one with six sections of sixth grade general music, and one with a high school choir of 85 members. In each project a professional composer was partnered with students to assist them in creating music that reflected their musical thoughts without limiting them to their prior musical skills and knowledge. While the students did learn to generate musical ideas and compositional techniques for treating those ideas in a larger context, the primary step in the compositional process that most differed from individual processes was that of revision. Throughout the revision process in group composition students challenge each other's musical ideas and often new musical concepts emerge as students defend their original ideas or seek to reach compromise.
CD4+ T Cell-Derived IL-2 Signals during Early Priming Advances Primary CD8+ T Cell Responses

Stimulating naïve CD8+ T cells with specific antigens and costimulatory signals is insufficient to induce optimal clonal expansion and effector functions. In this study, we show that the activation and differentiation of CD8+ T cells require IL-2 provided by activated CD4+ T cells at the initial priming stage within 0–2.5 hours after stimulation. This critical IL-2 signal from CD4+ cells is mediated through the IL-2Rβγ of CD8+ cells, which is independent of IL-2Rα. The activation of IL-2 signaling advances the restriction point of the cell cycle, and thereby expedites the entry of antigen-stimulated CD8+ T-cell into the S phase. Besides promoting cell proliferation, IL-2 stimulation increases the amount of IFNγ and granzyme B produced by CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, IL-2 at priming enhances the ability of P14 effector cells generated by antigen activation to eradicate B16.gp33 tumors in vivo. Therefore, our studies demonstrate that a full CD8+ T-cell response is elicited by a critical temporal function of IL-2 released from CD4+ T cells, providing mechanistic insights into the regulation of CD8+ T cell activation and differentiation.
Increased resistance during jump exercise does not enhance cortical bone formation.

PURPOSE This study sought to elucidate the effects of a low- and high-load jump resistance exercise (RE) training protocol on cortical bone of the tibia and femur mid-diaphyses. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats (male, 6 months old) were randomly assigned to high-load RE (HRE; n = 16), low-load RE (LRE; n = 15), or cage control (CC; n = 11) groups. Animals in the HRE and LRE groups performed 15 sessions of jump RE for 5 wk. Load in the HRE group was progressively increased from 80 g added to a weighted vest (50 repetitions) to 410 g (16 repetitions). The LRE rats completed the same protocol as the HRE group (same number of repetitions), with only a 30-g vest applied. RESULTS Low- and high-load jump RE resulted in 6%-11% higher cortical bone mineral content and cortical bone area compared with controls, as determined by in vivo peripheral quantitative computed tomography measurements. In the femur, however, only LRE demonstrated improvements in cortical volumetric bone mineral density (+11%) and cross-sectional moment of inertia (+20%) versus the CC group. The three-point bending to failure revealed a marked increase in tibial maximum force (25%-29%), stiffness (19%-22%), and energy to maximum force (35%-55%) and a reduction in elastic modulus (-11% to 14%) in both LRE and HRE compared with controls. Dynamic histomorphometry assessed at the tibia mid-diaphysis determined that both LRE and HRE resulted in 20%-30% higher periosteal mineralizing surface versus the CC group. Mineral apposition rate and bone formation rate were significantly greater in animals in the LRE group (27%, 39%) than those in the HRE group. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that jump training with minimal loading is equally, and sometimes more, effective at augmenting cortical bone integrity compared with overload training in skeletally mature rats.
Role of MicroRNAs in Fibrosis

Fibrosis is the leading cause of organ dysfunction in diseases such as systemic sclerosis, liver cirrhosis, cardiac fibrosis, progressive kidney disease, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The hallmark of fibrosis is tissue remodeling with excess deposition of extracellular matrix components, predominantly collagens. Different cell types, cytokines, growth factors, and enzymes interact in complex pathogenic networks with myofibroblasts playing a pivotal role. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs acting as negative regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. MicroRNAs have been associated with many basic cellular processes as well as with a wide spectrum of diseases, most notably cancer. This review provides a comprehensive overview of microRNAs regulating profibrotic pathways and extracellular matrix synthesis. The potential of miRNA for targeted therapeutic approaches in fibrotic disorders is also discussed.
Procrastination, Present-Biased Preferences, and Financial Behaviors

We provide new and robust empirical evidence that procrastinators exhibit different financial behaviors than non-procrastinators. We define a procrastinator as one who waits until the last day of their health care open enrollment period to make a plan election. We show that procrastinators take longer to sign up for 401(k) plans, contribute less, are more likely to stick with default portfolio allocations, and are more likely to choose a lump sum over an annuity as a payout option, especially when the lump sum is more salient. Further evidence indicates that our findings are best explained by procrastination being the outcome of present-biased preferences.
Gender Differences in the VDR-FokI Polymorphism and Conventional Non-Genetic Risk Factors in Association with Lumbar Spine Pathologies in an Italian Case-Control Study

Recently, the FokI polymorphism (rs2228570) in the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) and conventional risk factors were associated with spine disorders in the Italian population, but without gender analysis. Two-hundred and sixty-seven patients (149 males, 118 females) with lumbar spine disorders were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 254 (127 males, 127 females) asymptomatic controls were enrolled. The exposure to putative risk factors was evaluated and FokI polymorphism was detected by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). An association between lumbar spine pathologies and higher than average age; overweight; family history; lower leisure physical activity; smoking habit; higher number of hours/day exposure to vibration and more sedentary or intense physical job demand was observed in male patients. In contrast, in females, only higher age, overweight, family history and lower leisure physical activity were risk factors. FF genotype was a 2-fold risk factor to develop discopathies and/or osteochondrosis concomitant with disc herniation for both gender patients, while heterozygous Ff was protective for females only. In males only ff genotype was protective for discopathies and/or osteochondrosis and F allele was a 2-fold risk factor for hernia; discopathies; discopathies and/or osteochondrosis. Sex-related differences in voluntary behaviors, exposure to environmental risks and genetic background could be crucial for a gender-differentiated management of patients with spine disorders.
Exploring Linguistic, Cultural, and Religious Diversity in Canadian Schools: Pre-Service Teachers’ Learning from Immigrant Parents

The knowledge immigrant parents hold about their children is often unrecognized by Canadian educational systems. Parent knowledge has vital implications for Canadian school systems and for teacher preparation. Based on interviews of parents from 15 countries, this study presented three types of parent knowledge: First language, cultural and religious knowledge. Then, parent knowledge was shared with a group of pre-service teachers. Results reveal some pre-service teachers encouraged the use of students’ first language in their practicum whereas others internalized their monolingual ideology despite multilingual realities. They recognized cultural misunderstanding between immigrant parents and Canadian teachers and systemic racism, and questioned the feasibility of accommodating everyone’s religious needs. The study calls for the reconstruction of difference and the inclusion of epistemological pluralism, particularly immigrant parent knowledge, within teacher education. The study also suggests that it is important to help pre-service teachers shift their representation of multilingualism from being a problem to a resource, challenge their Eurocentric perspectives, understand immigrant students’ cultural backgrounds, and address religious-based exemptions and accommodation.
Anti-inflammatory action of ginger: A critical review in anemia of inflammation and its future aspects

Anti-inflammatory action of ginger has been confirmed by various scientists, but there is very few review article published till date on inflammation associated diseases. Inflammation is mainly, culprit of anemia and inflammation associated disorder (likePulmonary diseases, Cardiovascular diseases, Diabetes Type-2, cancer, Arthritis, Alzheimer, Neurological diseases and Autoimmune diseases). Since Infection (bacterial/ viral), activate Nuclear factor –-κB, which is a major mediator of inflammation in most of the disease. Zinger has been established potent NF–ƙB inhibitory action via the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α and also provides a molecular link between the innate and adaptive immune system. This review takes the Zinger bioactive components, property, Chemical composition, Mechanism of action, function, side effects, current research and their potential application in modern medicine. The present study demonstrates that ginger showed broad spectrum action in which Antiinflammatory action is one of them. So the present study concludes that ginger and its bioactive components have the potential for development of modern medicine in the treatment of anemia and various diseases in near future.