Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of recovery strategies on maximal force-generating capacity and electromyographic activity level of the knee extensor muscles.

CONTEXT With regard to intermittent training exercise, the effects of the mode of recovery on subsequent performance are equivocal. OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of 3 types of recovery intervention on peak torque (PT) and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the knee extensor muscles after fatiguing isokinetic intermittent concentric exercise. DESIGN Crossover study. SETTING Research laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Eight elite judo players (age = 18.4 ± 1.4 years, height = 180 ± 3 cm, mass = 77.0 ± 4.2 kg). INTERVENTION(S) Participants completed 3 randomized sessions within 7 days. Each session consisted of 5 sets of 10 concentric knee extensions at 80% PT at 120°/s, with 3 minutes of recovery between sets. Recovery interventions were passive, active, and electromyostimulation. The PT and maximal EMG activity were recorded simultaneously while participants performed isokinetic dynamometer trials before and 3 minutes after the resistance exercise. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The PT and maximal EMG activity from the knee extensors were quantified at isokinetic velocities of 60°/s, 120°/s, and 180°/s, with 5 repetitions at each velocity. RESULTS The reduction in PT observed after electromyostimulation was less than that seen after passive (P < .001) or active recovery (P < .001). The reduction in PT was less after passive recovery than after active recovery (P < .001). The maximal EMG activity level observed after electromyostimulation was higher than that seen after active recovery (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Electromyostimulation was an effective recovery tool in decreasing neuromuscular fatigue after high-intensity, intermittent isokinetic concentric exercise for the knee extensor muscles. Also, active recovery induced the greatest amount of neuromuscular fatigue.
Information Quality and Trustworthiness: A Topical State−of−the−Art Review

The importance and value of information cannot be disputed. It is used as basis for menial and mission-critical tasks alike. In a society where information is so easily publicised and freely accessible, however, being able to assess information quality and trustworthiness is paramount. With appreciation of this fact, our paper seeks to navigate these two mature fields and define the latest state-of-the-art. The novelty of this work is found in the provision of an up-to-date review, a research survey which considers and links provenance, quality and trustworthiness, and a literature analysis that includes a first-look review at some of these aspects within the social- media domain. This factor-based review should provide an ideal grounding for future research that assesses interaction between these three topics, which may then also progress to associations with information assurance and security at large. To demonstrate how some of the factors might be considered, we also examine their application to a commonplace scenario.
Transmission with Energy Harvesting Nodes in Fading Wireless Channels: Optimal Policies

Wireless systems comprised of rechargeable nodes have a significantly prolonged lifetime and are sustainable. A distinct characteristic of these systems is the fact that the nodes can harvest energy throughout the duration in which communication takes place. As such, transmission policies of the nodes need to adapt to these harvested energy arrivals. In this paper, we consider optimization of point-to-point data transmission with an energy harvesting transmitter which has a limited battery capacity, communicating in a wireless fading channel. We consider two objectives: maximizing the throughput by a deadline, and minimizing the transmission completion time of the communication session. We optimize these objectives by controlling the time sequence of transmit powers subject to energy storage capacity and causality constraints. We, first, study optimal offline policies. We introduce a directional water-filling algorithm which provides a simple and concise interpretation of the necessary optimality conditions. We show the optimality of an adaptive directional water-filling algorithm for the throughput maximization problem. We solve the transmission completion time minimization problem by utilizing its equivalence to its throughput maximization counterpart. Next, we consider online policies. We use stochastic dynamic programming to solve for the optimal online policy that maximizes the average number of bits delivered by a deadline under stochastic fading and energy arrival processes with causal channel state feedback. We also propose near-optimal policies with reduced complexity, and numerically study their performances along with the performances of the offline and online optimal policies under various different configurations.
Sensorimotor disinhibition in Parkinson's disease: Effects of levodopa

It has been known for some time that patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have difficulty executing simultaneous motor acts, yet the pathophysiology underlying this impairment remains uncertain. We examined the possibility that these dual‐task deficits stem from defective sensorimotor mechanisms producing interference between the motor programs underlying the two tasks. Patients with PD and normal control subjects were tested on their ability to maintain steady‐state force with one hand while performing a force–reaction time task with the other hand. Although performance was worse on the dual‐task than on the single‐task condition for both subject groups, only the patients with PD demonstrated significant interference between the two tasks. The interference across tasks improved in 87% of the patients with PD when tested after treatment with carbidopa/levodopa (Sinemet). These findings support the contention that, in patients with PD, disturbances in the execution of simultaneous motor performance may be due to sensorimotor disinhibition.
AN ELEMENTARY INTRODUCTION TO RECENTLY DEVELOPED ASYMPTOTIC METHODS AND NANOMECHANICS IN TEXTILE ENGINEERING

This review is an elementary introduction to the concepts of the recently developed asymptotic methods and new developments. Particular attention is paid throughout the paper to giving an intuitive grasp for Lagrange multiplier, calculus of variations, optimization, variational iteration method, parameter-expansion method, exp-function method, homotopy perturbation method, and ancient Chinese mathematics as well. Subsequently, nanomechanics in textile engineering and E-innit y theory in high energy physics, Kleiber’s 3/4 law in biology, possible mechanism in spider-spinning process and fractal approach to carbon nanotube are briey introduced. Bubble-electrospinning for mass production of nanob ers is illustrated. There are in total more than 280 references.
A group of nurses experience open learning—further explorations of the impact

This paper aims to discuss the findings of a longitudinal study that investigated the experiences of a group of nurses studying on a two year open learning (OL) course. The findings of the pilot phase of this study were published in Open Learning journal in April 2000 (Dearnley & Matthew, 2000). That initial small‐scale study indicated that the OL modality had been influential on the positive outcomes of the course. The main study, discussed in this paper, built upon those outcomes and drew upon earlier works, such as Maslow (1962, 1968, 1970), Perry (1970), Carper (1978) and Belenky et al. (1986) to explore and explain the changing ways of knowing and nursing experienced by the participants.
Fine Structure of Succinate-Swollen Rhizobium trifolii 0403

Transmission electron micrographs of glutaraldehyde- OsO4-fixed Rhizobium trifolii 0403 before and after cells were treated with 16.6 mM succinate showed that treated cells increased in mass by increasing cytoplasmic volume. The morphology of succinate-treated cells was identical to that of bacteroids, and the appearances of the envelope and periplasmic space were similar. The primary difference was in inclusion number and type.
Methodological triangulation in researching families: Making sense of dissonant data

The research literature on triangulation has paid little attention to the problematic of 'making sense of dissonant data'. Nor has there been much discussion around the use of the technique of triangulation when researching families. Through a presentation of research findings gathered from self-report questionnaires and in-depth interviews with couples and families the possibilities of convergent, complementary and dissonant data and their interpretation are explored. The paper reflects on the ontological, epistemological and methodological tensions that must be negotiated when working with triangulated data. It is argued that given the multi-faceted context and intimate subject matter in family and couples research there is a high likelihood of dissonant findings. Recommendations are made for family researchers interested in the technique of triangulation to consider the context and process of their research in the interpretation of their data. Despite the challenges that triangulation throws up for researchers, it is argued that working within a post-positivist paradigm, triangulation enables analysis which is both more complex and more meaningful.
Contact as a tool for peace education? Reconsidering the contact hypothesis from the children’s perspectives

The contact hypothesis has arguably been the leading theoretical paradigm for educational interventions in divided societies. However most of the studies with children have been quantitative, focusing on contact outcomes and failing to take account of children’s views. Therefore this paper presents the findings of a qualitative study of 10–11‐year‐old Protestant children from two schools in Northern Ireland. The findings reveal children’s competency in engaging with exploration and explanation of broader societal factors, as well as the contact situation events. Therefore, this paper argues that broader context and children’s perspectives should be considered in any contact situation so that the quality of contact can be improved and planned contact interventions can lead to positive change.
Differential effects of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on telomere length.

diet is associated with lower abdominal adiposity in European men and women. J Nutr 2009;139:1728–37. 5. Wagemakers JJ, Prynne CJ, Stephen AM, Wadsworth ME. Consumption of red or processed meat does not predict risk factors for coronary heart disease; results from a cohort of British adults in 1989 and 1999. Eur J Clin Nutr 2009;63:303–11. 6. Wang Y, Beydoun MA. Meat consumption is associated with obesity and central obesity among US adults. Int J Obes (Lond) 2009;33:621–8. 7. Vergnaud AC, Bertrais S, Oppert JM, et al. Weight fluctuations and risk for metabolic syndrome in an adult cohort. Int J Obes (Lond) 2008;32: 315–21. 8. Rosengren A, Wedel H, Wilhelmsen L. Body weight and weight gain during adult life in men in relation to coronary heart disease and mortality. A prospective population study. Eur Heart J 1999;20:269–77. 9. Lahmann PH, Schulz M, Hoffmann K, et al. Long-term weight change and breast cancer risk: the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC). Br J Cancer 2005;93:582–9.
Design and Application of a New Multiscale Multidirectional Non-subsampled Filter Bank

We propose a new method for design of computationally efficient nonsubsampled multiscale multidirectional filter bank with perfect reconstruction (PR). This filter bank is composed of two nonsubsampled filter banks, for multiscale decomposition and for directional expansion. For multiscale decomposition, we transform the 1-D equivalent sub band filters directly into 2-D equivalent sub band filters. The computational cost is considerably reduced by avoiding the computation of 2-D convolutions. The multidirectional decomposition utilizes fan filters. A new method for design of 2-D zero phase FIR fan filter transformation function is developed. This method also aids the transformation of a 1D filter bank to a 2-D multidirectional filter bank. The potential application of the proposed filter bank is illustrated by comparing the image denoising performance of the proposed filter bank with other design method that exist in available literature.
Metabolic Thresholds and Validated Accelerometer Cutoff Points for the Actigraph GT1M in Young Children Based on Measurements of Locomotion and Play Activities

The purpose of the current study was to determine metabolic thresholds and subsequent activity intensity cutoff points for the ActiGraph GT1M with various epochs spanning from 5 to 60 sec in young children. Twenty-two children, aged 4 to 9 years, performed 10 different activities including locomotion and play activities. Energy expenditure was measured with indirect calorimetry. Thresholds and cutoff points were determined through receiver operating characteristic curves. The lower metabolic threshold was 6.19 kcal·kg−1·h−1 for moderate and 9.28 kcal·kg−1·h−1 for vigorous intensity. The cutoff points for the GT1M accelerometer appear to be lower than those for the previous model (7164). For 5-sec epochs, a cutoff point of 143 counts resulted for moderate intensity and of 208 counts for vigorous intensity activity. Whether short or long epochs were chosen when collecting data to determine cutoff points, does not appear to have an influence on the resulting cutoff values. Similarly, comparable results are seen when analyses are based on locomotion only as opposed to a wide range of activities including children's play.
A preliminary investigation into staff satisfaction, and staff emotions and attitudes in a unit for men with learning disabilities and serious challenging behaviours

People with learning disabilities who also exhibit challenging behaviour live in a social context that should be considered in order to understand and deal with their behaviours. This context includes the characteristics of staff members, and their satisfaction with the whole culture and environment in which they work. The social context will also affect and be affected by staff emotions and attitudes towards the residents in that living environment. The present paper describes a preliminary investigation into staff satisfaction, and staff emotions and attitudes towards residents in a traditional setting for people with both learning disabilities and serious challenging behaviours and it discusses the implications for future research. The findings indicate that staff satisfaction was low and could be improved considerably in terms of management support. However, the level of satisfaction in working with the residents in the unit was high, as were the perceptions of practical support from immediate colleagues. The results also showed the coexistence of different attitudes and emotions which could be described as positive and negative in individual staff members. To assess this, the present authors used a new, 13-item analogue measure, the Attitudes to People Who Display Challenging Behaviour questionnaire. The level of such attitudes and feelings in this particular context did not vary noticeably relative to whether staff members felt well supported by the service or not. This new measure may well have applications in future research in this area.
Gender differences in the strength of association between motivation, competency beliefs and reading skill

Background: There is concern in the education community regarding gender differences in reading, as girls regularly outperform boys. There is also concern about the consequences of low motivation for children's engagement in reading and learning. An important question is whether boys' motivation is more closely linked to their attainment compared with girls. Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine how closely children's reading skill correlates with their intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and competency beliefs. There was a particular focus on gender. Sample: There were 492 children (240 boys) aged 7–11 in this study from four primary schools in England, UK. Design and methods: Children completed a reading comprehension assessment and a questionnaire examining intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and competency beliefs relating to reading and schoolwork. For analysis, children were split into a younger (age 7–8) and older (age 9–11) age group. Results: In both the younger and older groups, the boys' competency beliefs in reading and intrinsic motivation for reading and schoolwork were significantly more closely associated with their level of reading skill, in comparison with the girls. Conclusions: The closer reciprocal relationship between boys' intrinsic motivation, competency beliefs and reading skill could be interpreted in at least two ways. Firstly, boys' motivation and beliefs in their ability may be more dependent on their success in reading. Alternatively, boys' motivation and competency beliefs may play a more significant role in the effort they put into reading.
Book Note and Review: Personnel: The Psychology of Careers: An Introduction to Vocational Development

work place. Variations in work conditions and worker performance due to assignable causes must be eliminated since time values in a stable setting fluctuate only for random causes. However suggestive the above procedures may be, they raise basic questions. First, what validity has this technique in face of the fact that workers' performance does not necessarily produce a random distribution of time values? Second, how objective can the estimates be when the very choice of control limits and tests of statistical stability are dependent on personal preferences? We are left with the dilemma of having to negotiate on the statistical criteria of stability. Third, what guides are the negotiators to follow in their evaluation of the estimates of performance times to derive specific production standards? The author believes that wage incentive systems which relate output to pay seriously distort workers' performance and that therefore, in most American industry it would be difficult o prove production standards. Yet, the author only vaguely suggests the type of work system where no such relationship exists by referring to the annual wage. The theory of work activity presented in this book encompasses not only systematic codified or stable work procedures, but also "unsystematic movements. " In performing the latter, the individual exercises his special skills and abilities to meet unexpected developments. Even where these developments appear to be unproductive, they may be essential to maintaining stable cyclical performances. Delays may therefore be as essential as performance to achieving high stable output rates. Fatigue, according to this concept, is produced by the imbalance in the use of distinguished skills, and the degree of fatigue is dependent upon the amount of imbalance. The problem of reducing fatigue is therefore an individual and local one. Workers must be trained to eliminate undesirable activities and delays to reduce their fatigue. In a real life situation, however, work stability tends to be incomplete and temporary. The degree of success is dependent upon the continuing efforts of workers and management to correct the ever recurring imbalances. In the more automated procedures, this goal will be easier to achieve since machines will perform the systematic work and man, the unsystematic activities. All practioners of time and motion study should consider this book as required reading. Leaders in, and teachers of, the professions should analyze and evaluate the judgments and ideas presented, and the behavioral sciences should be enlisted in their further study. Certainly, unions will be encouraged to bargain directly on production standards after reading this wholesale rejection of the pretensions of the time study man's art.
Outcomes after a purely endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas.

OBJECT Using strict biochemical remission criteria, the authors assessed surgical outcomes after endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenomas and identified preoperative factors that significantly influence the rate of remission. METHODS A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was performed. The authors reviewed cases in which an endoscopic resection of GH-secreting pituitary adenomas was performed. The cohort consisted of 26 patients who had been followed for 3-60 months (mean 24.5 months). The thresholds of an age-appropriate, normalized insulin-like growth factor-I concentration, a nadir GH level after oral glucose load of less than 1.0 μg/l, and a random GH value of less than 2.5 μg/l were required to establish biochemical cure postoperatively. RESULTS Overall, in 57.7% of patients undergoing a purely endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary adenectomy for acromegaly, an endocrinological cure was achieved. The mean clinical follow-up duration was 24.5 months. In patients with microadenomas (4 cases) the cure rate was 75%, whereas in patients harboring macroadenomas (22 cases) the cure rate was 54.5%. Cavernous sinus invasion (Knosp Grades 3 and 4) was associated with a significantly lower remission rate (p = 0.0068). Hardy Grade 3 and 4 tumors were also less likely to achieve biochemical cure (p = 0.013). The overall complication rate was 11.5% including 2 incidents of transient diabetes insipidus and 1 postoperative CSF leak, which were treated nonoperatively. CONCLUSIONS A purely endoscopic transsphenoidal approach to GH-secreting pituitary adenomas leads to similar outcome for noninvasive macroadenomas compared with traditional microsurgical techniques. Furthermore, this approach may often provide maximal visualization of the tumor, the pituitary gland, and the surrounding neurovascular structures.
Synchronous Non-Volatile Logic Gate Design Based on Resistive Switching Memories

Emerging non-volatile memories (NVM) based on resistive switching mechanism (RS) such as STT-MRAM, OxRRAM and CBRAM etc., are under intense R&D investigation by both academics and industries. They provide high write/read speed, low power and good endurance (e.g., > 1012) beyond mainstream NVMs, which allow them to be embedded directly with logic units for computing purpose. This integration could increase significantly the power/die area efficiency, and then overcome definitively the power/speed bottlenecks of modern VLSIs. This paper presents firstly a theoretical investigation of synchronous NV logic gates based on RS memories (RS-NVL). Special design techniques and strategies are proposed to optimize the structure according to different resistive characteristics of NVMs. To validate this study, we simulated a non-volatile full-adder (NVFA) with two types of NVMs: STT-MRAM and OxRRAM by using CMOS 40 nm design kit and compact models, which includes related physics and experimental parameters. They show interesting power, speed and area gain compared with synchronized CMOS FA while keeping good reliability.
Changes in the pancreas in thrombocytopaenic rats

WE observed pathologic changes of the pancreas in rats made thrombocyto-paenic by injections of antiplatelet antiserum (APS). A search of the literature revealed that Bedson (1922) described the production of purpura by platelet antiserum in guinea pigs and reported " one or two petechial haemorrhages " in the pancreas. Tocantins and Stewart (1939) induced thrombocytopaenia in dogs with APS but found no lesions in the pancreas. We found no other reports of pancreatic lesions associated with APS-induced thrombocytopaenia. Vascular disease associated with thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura