Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electric Field Analysis of Breast Tumor Cells

An attractive alternative treatment for malignant tumors that are refractive to conventional therapies, such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, is electrical-pulse-mediated drug delivery. Electric field distribution of tissue/tumor is important for effective treatment of tissues. This paper deals with the electric field distribution study of a tissue model using MAXWELL 3D Simulator. Our results indicate that tumor tissue had lower electric field strength compared to normal cells, which makes them susceptible to electrical-pulse-mediated drug delivery. This difference could be due to the altered properties of tumor cells compared to normal cells, and our results corroborate this.
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE HEALTH OF A REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE OF ADULTS IN KOSOVO

Objective: The purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate the health attitudes, behaviours and needs of Kosovars following the conflict in 1999 as the region was moving from an emergency into a post emergency development stage of health care. Methods: The methodology triangulated qualitative and quantitative information and data (focus group interviews, demographic data and observations) to describe the health of a representative sample of 87 Kosovars in the Podujevo municipality of Kosovo. Results: Participants were found to be physically and emotionally healthy, evidenced by coping abilities including individual, family and community function, the ability to engage in short-term planning and productive daily activities pertaining to rebuilding lives. There were eight health themes that arose from the narratives with the environment and access to health care identified as priorities by participants. While it was reported that the assistance of NGO’s was invaluable in resettlement and rebuilding, a darker side was uncovered in that the approximately 60,000 ex-patriots in the region added to the existing serious environmental woes. Further, in a region where prostitution, substance abuse, homelessness and criminal activity hardly existed before the conflict, an alarming increase was taking place, adding to the distress of Kosovars who were attempting to regain a life of peace and stability. Conclusion: It can only be hoped that the benefits accrued to Kosovars by international aid (protection, guidance, stability) will outweigh the serious costs to their environment, health, and culture. If the intelligence, endurance, motivation and problem solving skills demonstrated by participants in this study can be extrapolated to Kosovars in general, then there exists, a strong base on which to restructure the health care system, maintain health, and thereby ensure a positive future for the region.
A Modular Model of Mind / Matter Manifestations ( M 5 )

While ongoing empirical research into anomalous mind/matter interactions continues to reaffirm the reality of such phenomena, it has heretofore failed to stimulate viable theoretical models, or even to suggest effective strategies for more productive experimentation. In contrast to prevalent presumption, re-examination of several large databases from this laboratory raises doubt that such effects are produced by direct attention of the conscious mind to the observable physical processes addressed. Rather, an alternative route is indicated wherein unconscious mind and intangible physical mechanisms are invoked to achieve anomalous acquisition of mental information about, or anomalous mental influence upon, otherwise inaccessible material processes. Implications for more effective experiments include subtler feedback schemes that facilitate submission of conscious intention to unconscious mental processing; physical target systems that provide a richness of intangible potentialities; operators who are amenable to such interactions; and an environmental ambience that supports the composite strategy. Theoretical requisites include better understanding of the information dialogue between conscious and unconscious aspects of mind; more pragmatic formulations of the relations between tangible and intangible physical processes; and most importantly, cogent representation of the merging of mental and material dimensions into indistinguishability at their deepest levels.
Measurement in Psychiatry

Progress in science depends upon the fertility of inspiration, the acuteness of observation, and the accuracy of instruments to measure those observations. It is with respect to the last of these that progress in psychiatry has lagged. Instruments in plenty have been devised, many have been acclaimed and some accepted as a standard against which the other measures are judged; some have even come to be used as a definition of the disorder to be measured, the achievement of a certain score indicating that the disorder is present.
Feedback Design in Multimodal Dialogue Systems

This paper discusses the design and development of the instructional aspects of a multimodal dialogue system to train youth parliament membersâ presentation and debating skills. Real-time, in-action feedback informs learners on the fly how they perform key skills and enables them to adapt instantly. About-action feedback informs learners after finishing a task how they perform key skills and enables them to monitor their progress and adapt accordingly in subsequent tasks. In- and about-action feedback together support the enhancement of the learnersâ metacognitive skills, such as self-monitoring, self-regulation and self-reflection thus reflect in- and about action. We discusses the theoretical considerations of the feedback, the type of data available and different ways to analyse and combine them, the timing of feedback and, finally, provide an instructional design blueprint giving a global outline of a set of tasks with stepwise increasing complexity and the feedback proposed. We conclude with the results of the first experiment with the system focussing on non-verbal communication skills.
Prevalence of Oral Human Papilloma Virus in Healthy Individuals in East Azerbaijan Province of Iran

Background: Human papilloma virus causes benign and malignant abnormalities in different part of the body. The link between high risk types of HPV and some anogenital and aerodigestive tract cancer is well established. Oral HPV infection plays a role in developing oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. We studied the prevalence of oral HPV in healthy individuals and its relative risk factors. Methods: Saliva samples of 114 healthy subjects were collected for HPV DNA analysis. Volunteers completed questionnaires and signed a written consent. For data analysis descriptive statistic, chi square test and odds ratio was used. Results: The frequency of oral HPV in healthy individuals was 6.1 %(seven participant). The most frequent type was HPV-18 in five of them. HPV-6 and HPV-66 each was detected in one case. Relation of oral HPV positivity to demographic features and risk factors was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The prevalence of oral HPV infection in our community is the same as many other communities of developing countries, stressing that HPV-18 were the dominant type.
Evidence on the impact of sustained exposure to air pollution on life expectancy from China’s Huai River policy

This paper's findings suggest that an arbitrary Chinese policy that greatly increases total suspended particulates (TSPs) air pollution is causing the 500 million residents of Northern China to lose more than 2.5 billion life years of life expectancy. The quasi-experimental empirical approach is based on China’s Huai River policy, which provided free winter heating via the provision of coal for boilers in cities north of the Huai River but denied heat to the south. Using a regression discontinuity design based on distance from the Huai River, we find that ambient concentrations of TSPs are about 184 μg/m3 [95% confidence interval (CI): 61, 307] or 55% higher in the north. Further, the results indicate that life expectancies are about 5.5 y (95% CI: 0.8, 10.2) lower in the north owing to an increased incidence of cardiorespiratory mortality. More generally, the analysis suggests that long-term exposure to an additional 100 μg/m3 of TSPs is associated with a reduction in life expectancy at birth of about 3.0 y (95% CI: 0.4, 5.6).
The Potential Link between Thermal Resistance and Virulence in Salmonella: A Review

In some animals, the typical body temperature can be higher than humans, for example, 42°C in poultry and 40°C in rabbits which can be a potential thermal stress challenge for pathogens. Even in animals with lower body temperatures, when infection occurs, the immune system may increase body temperature to reduce the chance of survival for pathogens. However, some pathogens can still easily overcome higher body temperatures and/or rise in body temperatures through expression of stress response mechanisms. Salmonella is the causative agent of one of the most prevalent foodborne illnesses, salmonellosis, and can readily survive over a wide range of temperatures due to the efficient expression of the heat (thermal) stress response. Therefore, thermal resistance mechanisms can provide cross protection against other stresses including the non-specific host defenses found within the human body thus increasing pathogenic potential. Understanding the molecular mechanisms associated with thermal responses in Salmonella is crucial in designing and developing more effective or new treatments for reducing and eliminating infection caused by Salmonella that have survived heat stress. In this review, Salmonella thermal resistance is assessed followed by an overview of the thermal stress responses with a focus on gene regulation by sigma factors, heat shock proteins, along with the corresponding thermosensors and their association with virulence expression including a focus on a potential link between heat resistance and potential for infection.
Probabilistic topography of human corpus callosum using cytoarchitectural parcellation and high angular resolution diffusion imaging tractography

The function of the corpus callosum (CC) is to distribute perceptual, motor, cognitive, learned, and voluntary information between the two hemispheres of the brain. Accurate parcellation of the CC according to fiber composition and fiber connection is of upmost important. In this work, population‐based probabilistic connection topographies of the CC, in the standard Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space, are estimated by incorporating anatomical cytoarchitectural parcellation with high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) tractography. First, callosal fibers are extracted using multiple fiber assignment by continuous tracking algorithm based on q‐ball imaging (QBI), on 12 healthy and young subjects. Then, the fiber tracts are aligned in the standard MNI coordinate system based on a tract‐based transformation scheme. Next, twenty‐eight Brodmann's areas on the surface of cortical cortex are registered to the MNI space to parcellate the aligned callosal fibers. Finally, the population‐based topological subdivisions of the midsagittal CC to each cortical target are then mapped. And the resulting subdivisions of the CC that connect to the frontal and somatosensory associated cortex are also showed. To our knowledge, it is the first topographic subdivisions of the CC done using HARDI tractography and cytoarchitectonic information. In conclusion, this sophisticated topography of the CC may serve as a landmark to further understand the correlations between the CC, brain intercommunication, and functional cytoarchitectures. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chromosome territory relocation paradigm during DNA damage response: Some insights from molecular biology to physics

ABSTRACT Among the many facets of DNA damage response (DDR), relocation of chromosome territories (CTs) is most intriguing. We have previously reported that cisplatin induced DDR in human dermal fibroblasts led to relocation of CTs 12, 15 from the nuclear periphery to its interior while CTs 19, 17 repositioned from the interior to its periphery. Studies of CT relocation remain nascent as we begin unraveling the role of key players in DDR to demonstrate its mechanistic basis. Consolidating our recent reports, we argue that γH2AX-signaling leads to enhanced recruitment of nuclear myosin 1 (NM1) to chromatin, which via its motor function, results in CT repositioning. Next, we invoke a novel systems-level theory that subsumed CTs as pairs, not solo entities, to present the physical basis for plasticity in interphase CT arrangement. Subsequently, we posited that our systems-level theory describes a unified physical basis for non-random positioning of CTs in interphase nuclei across disparate eukaryotes.
Electromigration in Thin Films and Electronic Devices: Materials and Reliability

Contributor contact details Part I: Introduction Chapter 1: Modeling of electromigration phenomena Abstract: 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Analytical methods 1.3 Numerical methods 1.4 Conclusion Chapter 2: Modeling electromigration using the peridynamics approach Abstract: 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Previous approaches to modeling electromigration (EM) 2.3 Peridynamics (PD) 2.4 PD and EM 2.5 Illustrative example 2.6 Computational requirements: present and future 2.7 Conclusions Chapter 3: Modeling, simulation, and X-ray microbeam studies of electromigration Abstract: 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Modeling and simulation approaches 3.3 Experimental, modeling and simulation findings 3.4 Conclusions 3.5 Acknowledgments Part II: Electromigration in copper interconnects Chapter 4: X-ray microbeam analysis of electromigration in copper interconnects Abstract: 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Samples and X-ray microdiffraction methods 4.3 Electromigration (EM)-induced strains in conductor lines 4.4 Conclusions and summary 4.6 Appendix Chapter 5: Voiding in copper interconnects during electromigration Abstract: 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Void nucleation 5.3 Void growth 5.4 Immortality 5.5 Future trends 5.6 Acknowledgements Chapter 6: The evolution of microstructure in copper interconnects during electromigration Abstract: 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Copper microstructure evolution during electromigration 6.3 Plasticity and materials degradation mechanisms in copper interconnects 6.4 Implications for the reliability of advanced copper interconnect schemes 6.5 Conclusions and future trends Chapter 7: Scaling effects on electromigration reliability of copper interconnects Abstract: 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Mass transport during electromigration (EM) 7.3 Effect of via scaling on EM reliability 7.4 Multi-linked statistical tests for via reliability 7.5 Methods to improve the EM lifetime 7.6 Conclusion and future trends 7.7 Acknowledgements Chapter 8: Electromigration failure in nanoscale copper interconnects Abstract: 8.1 Process solutions being developed for copper interconnects 8.2 Electromigration (EM) scaling by generation 8.3 Suppression by metal capping: blocking rate-limiting EM pathways 8.4 Copper microstructure impact 8.5 Conclusions 8.6 Acknowledgements Part III: Electromigration in solder Chapter 9: Electromigration-induced microstructural evolution in lead-free and leadaEURO"tin solders Abstract: 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Intermetallic compound formation 9.3 Void formation 9.4 Formation of whisker and hillock 9.5 Grain reorientation and grain rotation 9.6 Dissolution and recrystallization Chapter 10: Electromigration in flip-chip solder joints Abstract: 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Electromigration (EM)-induced voiding failure of solder interconnects 10.3 Joule heating-enhanced dissolution of under bump metallurgy (UBM) and the diffusion of on-chip metal interconnects 10.4 Stress-related degradation of solder interconnects under EM 10.5 Thermomigration (TM) behavior in solder interconnects under a thermal gradient 10.6 Conclusions 10.7 Acknowledgements Index
Antinociceptive, cardiopulmonary, and sedative effects of five intravenous infusion rates of lidocaine in conscious dogs.

OBJECTIVE To observe antinociceptive, cardiopulmonary and sedative effects of five different 12-hour lidocaine infusions in conscious dogs, and measure plasma lidocaine concentrations. STUDY DESIGN Two-part randomized, prospective, blinded, cross-over experimental study. ANIMALS Six neutered male, crossbred dogs approximately 1-2 years of age and weighing 29.1 +/- 4.0 kg. METHODS Dogs received lidocaine [2 mg kg(-1), intravenous (i.v.)] or equivalent volume of 0.9% saline followed by infusion of either lidocaine at 10 (L10), 25 (L25), 50 (L50), 75 (L75), or 100 (L100) microg kg(-1) minute(-1), or equivalent rate of saline (Control). The study was conducted in two parts comparing L10, L25 and L50 to control, and then L75 and L100 to another control. Heart and respiratory rates, and indirect arterial blood pressure were measured for 12 hours; before (baseline), during and after infusion. Sedation was scored using descriptive categories, and nociceptive threshold determined using electrical cutaneous stimulation. Plasma lidocaine concentrations were measured using ELISA. Nonparametric and parametric tests for repeated measures were used and p < 0.05. RESULTS Nociceptive thresholds were not different from the saline control treatment at any time. Respiratory rate decreased 2-12 hours in treatments L25, L75 and L100. Blood pressure increased after 4 hours in treatment L100 compared to baseline. Sedation scores increased compared to baseline (L10: 30 minutes-8 hours; L25: 30 minutes-2 hours, 8 hours; L50: 30 minutes, 8 hours, 12 hours; L75: 4-12 hours; L100: 15 minutes, 8-12 hours), and to Control. Treatment L75 had higher plasma lidocaine concentrations than L10; and L100 had higher concentrations than L10 and L25. Occasional vomiting was observed in dogs receiving lidocaine when plasma lidocaine concentrations exceeded 4 microg mL(-1). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE High lidocaine infusion rates did not have antinociceptive effects compared with saline and were associated with mild-moderate sedation and some signs of toxicity in awake dogs.
Social support and ambulatory blood pressure in older people

Objective: Social support has been associated with greater nocturnal decline (dipping) in blood pressure (BP) in younger and middle-aged individuals. However, it is uncertain if aggregated measures of social support are related to ambulatory SBP in older adults, where high SBP is frequent and clinically challenging. Methods: We studied 1047 community-living individuals aged at least 60 years in Spain. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory BP was determined under standardized conditions. Social support was assessed with a seven-item questionnaire on marital status, cohabitation, frequency of contact with relatives, or with friends and neighbors, emotional support, instrumental support, and outdoor companionship. A social support score was built by summing the values of the items that were significantly associated with SBP variables, such that the higher the score, the better the support. Results: Participants’ mean age was 71.7 years (50.8% men). Being married, cohabiting, and being accompanied when out of home were the support items significantly associated with SBP variables. After adjustment for sociodemographic (age, sex, education), behavioral (BMI, alcohol, tobacco, salt consumption, physical activity, Mediterranean diet score), and clinical variables [sleep quality, mental stress, comorbidity, BP medication, and ambulatory BP levels and heart rate (HR)], one additional point in the social support score built with the abovementioned three support variables, was associated with a decrease of 0.93 mmHg in night-time SBP (P = 0.039), totaling 2.8 mmHg decrease for a score of 3 vs. 0. The three-item social support score was also inversely associated with the night/day SBP ratio (&bgr; = −0.006, P = 0.010). Conclusion: In older adults, social support is independently associated with lower nocturnal SBP and greater SBP dipping. Further research is needed in prospective studies to confirm these results.
A statistical theory of flow stress and work-hardening

Abstract The consequences of a random distribution of point-like obstacles to the movement of dislocations are examined. Firstly, it is proven that a critical applied stress exists; it is determined by a critical value of the fraction of passable obstacles such that the average dislocation segment can keep moving. There is thus no limit to the expandability of a convex dislocation loop; however, the moving dislocation leaves debris behind in the form of concave loops around areas surrounded entirely by impassable obstacles. The rate of this primary dislocation storage with strain, if one considers monopoles only, is very low and again depends on the critical fraction of passable obstacles only, not on any properties of the distribution as long as it is non-singular. The absence of large-scale regularity in the obstacle structure alone (whatever the nature of the obstacles may be) can thus explain “stage II” hardening which is characterized by a value of about 1/300 of the shear modulus, independent of all.
Fatal neonatal parechovirus encephalitis

Two infants developed encephalitis in the late neonatal period due to human parechovirus type 3 (HPeV-3). This finally resulted in intractable seizures leading to death. Both presented with classical signs and symptoms. HPeV-3 was detected in nasopharyngeal and rectal swabs, cerebrospinal fluid, serum and postmortem samples (for one infant). Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings showed severe white matter injury in one infant, and limited hippocampal injury in the other. Parents consented to autopsy in the latter, showing diffuse gliotic oedema of cerebral white matter, bilateral bronchopneumonia, and inflammation in spleen. We emphasise that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for parechovirus in neonates with severe sepsis-like syndrome and meningoencephalitis is mandatory.
Coordination beamforming for secrecy enhancement in the downlink MU-MIMO cellular networks

In a conventional cellular wireless networks, single cell processing (SCP) is usually considered where inter-cell interference is treated as noise. As we know, interference can cause severe information leakage for secret communication, the paper studies the secrecy performance with coordination beamforming (CBf) scheme in the downlink of a two-cell multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) cellular network. For CBf, the BSs can jointly design their respective beamformers to control inter-cell interference. Based on regularized channel inversion (RCI) precoding, we derive the concise formulas for the signal-to interference plus noise (SINR) at a legitimate user and the colluding malicious users, and the achievable secrecy sum-rate for the CBf scheme. Furthermore, we obtain their corresponding approximation in large-system regime, in which the number of users per cell K and the number of antenna at BS N tend to infinity, while with their ratio β = K/N being held constant. The analytical results are validated with finite-size system by simulation. Compared with SCP without BS cooperation, simulation results show that the secrecy performance can be significantly enhanced by exploiting CBf scheme.
Neural End-to-End Learning for Computational Argumentation Mining

We investigate neural techniques for end-to-end computational argumentation mining (AM). We frame AM both as a token-based dependency parsing and as a token-based sequence tagging problem, including a multi-task learning setup. Contrary to models that operate on the argument component level, we find that framing AM as dependency parsing leads to subpar performance results. In contrast, less complex (local) tagging models based on BiLSTMs perform robustly across classification scenarios, being able to catch long-range dependencies inherent to the AM problem. Moreover, we find that jointly learning ‘natural’ subtasks, in a multi-task learning setup, improves performance.