Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Action planning and the temporal binding of response codes

The authors hypothesized that action planning leads to the temporal binding of response codes, which then are less available for the planning of other actions. Four experiments showed evidence for this code occupation hypothesis. In Experiment 1, participants prepared a left or right finger movement (A), performed another left-right choice reaction (B), and then executed Action A. In case of a partial feature overlap between A and B, reaction time for B increased. The same was true in Experiment 2, in which B was performed with the left or right foot. Experiment 3 showed that response-feature binding occurred only when there was sufficient time to form a plan. When A was precued but not intentionally prepared, feature overlap produced a decrease in reaction time. Experiment 4 revealed that A benefited from feature overlap with B at short delays but not at longer delays between B and A. This finding was presumably due to leftover activation in feature codes after plan execution, whereas overlap costs in B were unaffected by delay.
Assessing multi-hop performance of reactive routing protocols in wireless sensor networks

For the performance assessment of the multi-hop data transmission controlled by the reactive routing protocols such as AODV and DSR in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), a static model and a mobile model of wireless sensor networks are proposed. Especially, a specific kind of energy-consumption metric for assessing the multi-hop data transmission performance of the reactive routing protocols in static or mobile WSNs is also introduced in this paper. The experiments show the performance comparison of the multi-hop data transmission controlled by the two reactive routing protocols in static or mobile WSN scenarios.
Diversities and the Geometry of Hypergraphs

The embedding of finite metrics in 1 has become a fundamental tool for both combinatorial optimization and large-scale data analysis. One important application is to network flow problems as there is close relation between max-flow min-cut theorems and the minimal distortion embeddings of metrics into 1. Here we show that this theory can be generalized to a larger set of combinatorial optimization problems on both graphs and hypergraphs. This theory is not built on metrics and metric embeddings, but on diversities, a type of multi-way metric introduced recently by the authors. We explore diversity embeddings, 1 diversities, and their application to Steiner Tree Packing and Hypergraph Cut problems.
The effect of a work-place based education program on moral distress

The primary purpose of this study was to determine if registered nurses (RNs) who attended a workplace-based educational program would have decreased intensity, frequency, and total moral distress, compared to nurses who did not attend the program. This educational program was operationalized using a framework published by the American Association of Critical Care Nurses' program entitled The 4A's to Rise Above Moral Distress (2005). Moral distress is an insidious problem affecting many registered nurses, directly and or indirectly, with potentially harmful consequences. A review of the literature revealed that the consequences of moral distress produce a significant negative effect on the physical, behavioral, spiritual, and psychological well-being of morally distressed nurses, their peers, patient care, the work environment, and the overall efficiency of healthcare institutions. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design was selected for this study. Using The 4A's to Rise Above Moral Distress (2005) as the intervention, Bandura's social cognitive theory and Corley's theory of nurse moral distress served as the theoretical framework for this study. The 38 item, 7-point Likert scale, Moral Distress Scale was used to measure the subscales of intensity and frequency, as well as total moral distress. Four mid-sized, New Jersey community hospitals were randomly assigned to either the treatment or the control group. Both the treatment and control groups completed the Moral Distress Scale as a pretest. The treatment group received the
Promised Consistency for Rollback Recovery

Checkpointing protocols usually rely on the constitution of consistent global states, from which the application can restart upon a failure. This paper proposes a new characterization and technique to build a recoverable state, aiming at relaxing the constraints and overhead. , for Promised consistency, is proposed as such a recovery condition on a global state. A key idea is to use promised events: place holders forcing any restart to reach an actual global state of the first execution. A preliminary contribution is a formal treatment of potential causality, studying its impact on recoverability and determinism.
Precarity in Exile: The Legal Status of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon

Lebanon has had an ambiguous approach to the more than one million Syrians seeking protection in the country since 2011. The country is neither party to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, nor does it have any national legislation dealing with refugees. In October 2014, Lebanon’s Council of Ministers adopted the first comprehensive policy on Syrian displacement, one explicit goal of which is to decrease the number of Syrians in Lebanon by reducing access to territory and encouraging return to Syria. This ambition is currently being implemented through the December 2014 General Security Office new set of entry requirements for Syrians and new rules for Syrian nationals already in Lebanon applying for and renewing their residency permits. Building on 10 months of fieldwork in Lebanon, this article explores the legal status of Syrian refugees in Lebanon in light of the recent regulatory changes. It argues that these leave many refugees in a deeply precarious legal position, with an overwhelming majority of Syrian refugees present in Lebanon without legal status. In essence, this article argues that Syrians in Lebanon are left with two options: they either leave the country or stay and accept exploitation. K E Y W O R D S : Syrian refugees, Lebanon, non-refoulement, asylum, UNHCR 1 . I N T R O D U C T I O N The commencement of the Syrian conflict in 2011 brought about substantial refugee flows into Syria’s neighbouring countries, i.e. Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey, and Iraq. One of the heaviest burdens is borne by Lebanon, currently hosting more than one million registered refugees, in addition to between 300,000 and 500,000 unregistered * Maja Janmyr is a post-doctoral researcher at the Faculty of Law, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Email: maja.janmyr@jur.uib. no. This research was supported by the Research Council of Norway, project number 240441/F10. I would like to thank Nour Shamseldin for assistance during the research process of this article. I would also like to show my gratitude to the Issam Fares Institute (IFI) of the American University of Beirut, for warmly hosting me during the course of research. A previous version of this article is available as an IFI Working Paper: M. Janmyr, The Legal Status of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon, Beirut, IFI, 2016, available at: https:// www.aub. edu.lb/ifi/publications/Documents/working_papers/20160331_Maja_Janmyr. pdf (last visited 1
Domains of attraction for exponential familiesAugust

With the df F of the rv X we associate the natural exponential family of df's F where dF (x) = e x dF (x)=Ee X for 2 := f 2 R j Ee X < 1g. Assume 1 = sup 1 does not lie in. Let " 1 , then non-degenerate limit laws for the normalised distributions F (a x + b) are the normal and gamma distributions. Their domains of attractions are determined. Applications to saddlepoint and gamma approximations are considered.
The X-Ray Warm Absorber in NGC 3516

The Seyfert 1 galaxy, NGC 3516 has been the subject of many absorption line studies at both ultraviolet and X-ray wavelengths. In the UV, strong, broad, variable associated metal line absorption with velocity width ~2000 km s-1 is thought to originate in gas with NH ≳ 1019 cm-2 lying between 0.01 and 9 pc from the central active nucleus. The Ginga X-ray data are consistent with several possibilities: a warm absorber and a cold absorber combined either with partial covering or an unusually strong reflection spectrum. We present ROSAT observations of NGC 3516 which show a strong detection of a warm absorber dominated by a blend of O VII/O VIII edges at ~0.8 keV with NH ~ 7 × 1021 cm-2 and U:8-12. We argue that NGC 3516 contains an outflowing “XUV” absorber showing the presence of X-ray absorption edges which are consistent with the presence of broad absorption lines in the old IUE spectra and their disappearance in the new UV observations. Our dynamical model suggests that the O VII absorption edge will continue to weaken compared to the O VIII edge, an easily testable prediction with future missions like AXAF. Eventually the source would be transparent to the X-rays unless a new absorption system is produced.
PFMAGO, a MAGO NASHI-like factor, interacts with the MADS-domain protein MPF2 from Physalis floridana.

MADS-domain proteins serve as regulators of plant development and often form dimers and higher order complexes to function. Heterotopic expression of MPF2, a MADS-box gene, in reproductive tissues is a key component in the evolution of the inflated calyx syndrome in Physalis, but RNAi studies demonstrate that MPF2 has also acquired a role in male fertility in Physalis floridana. Using the yeast 2-hybrid system, we have now identified numerous MPF2-interacting MADS-domain proteins from Physalis, including homologs of SOC1, AP1, SEP1, SEP3, AG, and AGL6. Among the many non-MADS-domain proteins recovered was a homolog of MAGO NASHI, a highly conserved RNA-binding protein known to be involved in many developmental processes including germ cell differentiation. Two MAGO genes, termed P. floridana mago nashi1 (PFMAGO1) and PFMAGO2, were isolated from P. floridana. Both copies were found to be coexpressed in leaves, fruits, and, albeit at lower level, also in roots, stems, and flowers. DNA sequence analysis revealed that, although the coding sequences of the 2 genes are highly conserved, they differ substantially in their intron and promoter sequences. Two-hybrid screening of a Physalis expression library with both PFMAGO1 and PFMAGO2 as baits yielded numerous gene products, including an Y14-like protein. Y14 is an RNA-binding protein that forms part of various "gene expression machines. " The function of MPF2 and 2 PFMAGO proteins in ensuring male fertility and evolution of calyx development in Physalis is discussed.
Vascular Bioactivation of Nitroglycerin Is Catalyzed by Cytosolic Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-2

Rationale: According to general view, aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) catalyzes the high-affinity pathway of vascular nitroglycerin (GTN) bioactivation in smooth muscle mitochondria. Despite having wide implications to GTN pharmacology and raising many questions that are still unresolved, mitochondrial bioactivation of GTN in blood vessels is still lacking experimental support. Objective: In the present study, we investigated whether bioactivation of GTN is affected by the subcellular localization of ALDH2 using immortalized ALDH2-deficient aortic smooth muscle cells and mouse aortas with selective overexpression of the enzyme in either cytosol or mitochondria. Methods and Results: Quantitative Western blotting revealed that ALDH2 is mainly cytosolic in mouse aorta and human coronary arteries, with only approximately 15% (mouse) and approximately 5% (human) of the enzyme being localized in mitochondria. Infection of ALDH2-deficient aortic smooth muscle cells or isolated aortas with adenovirus containing ALDH2 cDNA with or without the mitochondrial signal peptide sequence led to selective expression of the protein in mitochondria and cytosol, respectively. Cytosolic overexpression of ALDH2 restored GTN-induced relaxation and GTN denitration to wild-type levels, whereas overexpression in mitochondria (6-fold vs wild-type) had no effect on relaxation. Overexpression of ALDH2 in the cytosol of ALDH2-deficient aortic smooth muscle cells led to a significant increase in GTN denitration and cyclic GMP accumulation, whereas mitochondrial overexpression had no effect. Conclusions: The data indicate that vascular bioactivation of GTN is catalyzed by cytosolic ALDH2. Mitochondrial GTN metabolism may contribute to oxidative stress-related adverse effects of nitrate therapy and the development of nitrate tolerance.
Analysis of Artifacts in Subpixel Remote Sensing Image Registration

Subpixel accuracy image registration is needed for applications such as digital elevation model extraction, change detection, pan-sharpening, and data fusion. In order to achieve this accuracy, the deformation between the two images to be registered is usually modeled by a displacement vector field which can be estimated by measuring rigid local shifts for each pixel in the image. In order to measure subpixel shifts, one uses image resampling. Sampling theory says that, if a continuous signal has been sampled according to the Nyquist criterion, a perfect continuous reconstruction can be obtained from the sampled version. Therefore, a shifted version of a sampled signal can be obtained by interpolation and resampling with a shifted origin. Since only a sampled version of the shifted signal is needed, the reconstruction needs only to be performed for the new positions of the samples, so the whole procedure comes to computing the value of the signal for the new sample positions. In the case of image registration, the similarity between the reference image and the shifted versions of the image to be registered is measured, assuming that the maximum of similarity determines the most likely shift. The image interpolation step is thus performed a high number of times during the similarity optimization procedure. In order to reduce the computation cost, approximate interpolations are performed. Approximate interpolators will introduce errors in the resampled image which may induce errors in the similarity measure and therefore produce errors in the estimated shifts. In this paper, it is shown that the interpolation has a smoothing effect which depends of the applied shift. This means that, in the case of noisy images, the interpolation has a denoising effect, and therefore, it increases the quality of the similarity estimation. Since this blurring is not the same for every shift, the similarity may be low for a null shift (no blurring) and higher for shifts close to half a pixel (strong blurring). This paper presents an analysis of the behavior of the different interpolators and their effects on the similarity measures. This analysis will be done for the two similarity measures: the correlation coefficient and the mutual information. Finally, a strategy to attenuate the interpolation artifacts is proposed
Monomial ideals, almost complete intersections and the Weak Lefschetz property

Many algebras are expected to have the Weak Lefschetz property though this is often very difficult to establish. We illustrate the subtlety of the problem by studying monomial and some closely related ideals. Our results exemplify the intriguing dependence of the property on the characteristic of the ground field, and on arithmetic properties of the exponent vectors of the monomials.
Using the robotic sixth finger and vibrotactile feedback for grasp compensation in chronic stroke patients

This paper presents a wearable robotic extra finger used by chronic stroke patients to compensate for the missing hand functions of the paretic limb. The extra finger is worn on the paretic forearm by means of an elastic band, and it is coupled with a vibrotactile ring interface worn on the healthy hand. The robotic finger and the paretic hand act like the two parts of a gripper working together to hold an object. The human user is able to control the flexion/extension of the robotic finger through a switch placed on the ring, while being provided with vibrotactile feedback about the forces exerted by the robotic finger on the environment. To understand how to control the vibrotactile interface to evoke the most effective cutaneous sensations, we carried out perceptual experiments to evaluate its absolute and differential thresholds. Finally, we performed a qualitative experiment, the Franchay Arm Test, with a chronic post-stroke patient presenting a partial loss of sensitivity on the paretic limb. Results show that the proposed system significantly improves the performance of the considered test.
Parent–child connectedness and communication in relation to alcohol, tobacco and drug use in adolescence: An integrative review of the literature

Abstract Previous reviews have highlighted parent–child connectedness and communication as important protective factors against adolescent substance use. However, these reviews focus on single substances such as alcohol. An integrative review of the literature was conducted to examine which elements of parent–child connectedness and substance-use specific communication are effective across adolescent alcohol, tobacco and drug use. Forty-two English language, peer reviewed articles were reviewed. Open communication occurs within the context of high connectedness between parents and their children. Conversations about health risks are associated with lower levels of substance use while more frequent conversations, those about parents’ own use, permissive messages and consequences of use are associated with higher levels of use. There are disparities regarding conversations about use of each substance: alcohol and tobacco are easier topics of conversation while drug use is rarely discussed. Parental alcohol and tobacco use can influence the credibility of their communication with their child. Parents should be encouraged to have open, constructive, credible, two-sided conversations with their adolescents about substance use. Interventions to improve parents’ communication skills around substance use, particularly drug use, should include the types of approaches and messages highlighted in this review, and, where possible, these interventions should include all family members.
Alternative Sexualities and Virtual Communities: Aspects of LGBT Participation on Social Networking Sites in Spain

The purpose of this chapter is to analyze online participation on LGBT websites in Spain in order to contribute to the field of social networking site usage and the users’ mode of participation with the aim of identifying their expectations and reasons to do it. The main concern is to focus on specific social network sites which are meant to ideologically and politically construct alternative sexual identities, such as lesbians, gays, transsexuals and bisexuals, which could have a difficult access to social recognition and which could be silenced on some heteronormative social networks. Uses and Gratifications Theory has been used as the basic model for the display of constructs, variables and hypotheses, to confirm the identity politics inherent in these practices, which are rather connected with social recognition than with some other needs as companionship or finding sexual partners.
Morphoclines of living operculinid foraminifera based on quantitative characters

Abstract Growth-independent test characters of the genera Operculina, Planoperculina, and Planostegina were investigated to determine relations to water depth in form of morphoclines. All characters describing test form – thickness, initial vector of the test spiral that is correlated to proloculus size, and radius expansion rate describing test contour – are correlated. The investigated Operculina and Planoperculina species (O. ammonoides, O. elegans, O. complanata, P. heterosteginoides) demonstrate significant morphoclines in these characters, which can be used for gradient estimation using regression analyses. Thick forms of Operculina with intensively coiled spirals predominate in shallow water (−20 to −40m); in the deeper parts of the euphotic zone (−120m) they transform into thin forms possessing a weakly coiled spiral. Planoperculina heterosteginoides, with thin tests and therefore restricted to the deeper euphotic zone (starting at −80m), is the only symbiont-bearing larger foraminifer that can extend its distribution to just below the euphotic zone, where it develops extremely thin tests. Both Planostegina species, similar to shallow specimens of Planoperculina heterosteginoides in test form and thickness, do not show morphoclines and are thus restricted to depths between −30 and −90m (P. operculinoides) and −70 and −90m (P. longisepta). Chamber numbers, represented by the growth-independent parameters ‘chamber number of the first whorl’ and the ‘chamber number increase rate’ differ between Operculina species on the one hand and the Planostegina Planoperculina group on the other. Although both parameters are weakly correlated with characters describing test form, they do not show significant morphoclines either in the Operculina species or in the Planostegina Planoperculina group.
Measuring Theoretical Orientations of Counselor Trainees in Turkey: The Role of Personal and Professional Variables

ABSTRACT The first aim of this study was to explore the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Theoretical Orientation Profile Scale–Revised, and the second aim was to understand the relative influence of personal and professional variables on the choice of a guiding theoretical orientation among Turkish counselor trainees. Results showed that in Turkey the preference for a particular theoretical orientation is associated strongly with professional variables, rather than personality.
1 STUDY OF HEAVY METALS AND OTHER ELEMENTS IN MACROPHYTE ALGAE USING ENERGY-DISPERSIVE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE

Fucus vesiculosus L. seaweeds from three estuarine stations were analysed by X-ray fluorescence, providing results for the concentration of total In order to study the differential accumulation of heavy metals by different parts of Fucus, four different structures of the algae, base, stipe reproductive organs and growing tips, were analysed. Some elements (e.g. Cu and Fe) are preferentially accumulated in the base of the algae, whereas others (e.g. As) exhibit higher concentrations in the reproductive organs and growing tips. The pattern of accumulation in different structures is similar for Cu, Zn and Pb, but for other metals there is considerable variability between parts of the plant. This is important in determining which structures of the plant are used for biomonitoring. For samples collected at stations subject to differing metal loads, the relative elemental composition is approximately constant, notwithstanding significant variation in absolute values. The proportion of metals in Fucus is similar to that found in other estuaries, where metal concentrations are significantly lower. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence has been shown to be a suitable technique for multi-element analysis in this type of sample. No chemical pre-treatment is required, minimising sample contamination. The small amount of sample required, and the wide range of elements which may simultaneously be detected, make it a valuable tool for pollution studies.