Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
When reliance on religion falters: Religious coping and post-traumatic stress symptoms in older adults after multiple disasters

ABSTRACT In 2005, Hurricane Katrina brought devastating losses to Gulf Coast communities. In this study, Katrina survivors answered open-ended questions about coping with hurricane-related challenges. The sample was partitioned into low and high scorers on a non-organizational religiosity scale. Content analyses revealed that low scorers described secular strategies, relied less on a church community in the aftermath of the storms, and exhibited active religious coping. High scorers referenced a greater need for God and faith, highly valued their church as a coping resource, and described passive religious coping strategies. Implications of the loss of familiar religious routines after disaster are discussed.
Meta-Skepticism: Meditations in Ethno-Epistemology

Throughout the 20 century, an enormous amount of intellectual fuel was spent debating the merits of a class of skeptical arguments which purport to show that knowledge of the external world is not possible. These arguments, whose origins can be traced back to Descartes, played an important role in the work of some of the leading philosophers of the 20 century, including Russell, Moore and Wittgenstein, and they continue to engage the interest of contemporary philosophers. (e.g., Cohen 1999, DeRose 1995, Hill 1996, Klein 1981, Lewis 1996, McGinn 1993, Nozick 1981, Schiffer 1996, Unger 1975, Williams 1996) Typically, these arguments make use of one or more premises which the philosophers proposing them take to be intuitively obvious. Beyond an appeal to intuition, little or no defense is offered, and in many cases it is hard to see what else could be said in support of these premises. A number of authors have suggested that the intuitions undergirding these skeptical arguments are universal – shared by everyone (or almost everyone) who thinks reflectively about knowledge. In this paper we will offer some evidence indicating that they are far from universal. Rather, the evidence suggests that many of the intuitions epistemologists invoke vary with the cultural background, socioeconomic status and educational background of the person offering the intuition. And this, we will argue, is bad news for the skeptical arguments that rely on those intuitions. The evidence may also be bad news for skepticism itself – not because it shows that skepticism is false, but rather because, if we accept one prominent account of the link between epistemic intuitions and epistemic concepts, it indicates that skepticism may be much less interesting and much less worrisome than philosophers have taken it to be.
Loudness of pink noise and stationary technical sounds

Although their basic concept is similar, the current standards for the calculation of loudness, ANSI S3.4-2007 and DIN 45631 (1991), produce significantly different results for many kinds of sounds. While their values for pure tones can be explained by the equal loudness contours of their times, they also show huge discrepancies for broadband sounds. For this reason, extended psychoacoustic experiments were made in order to find target values for the loudness of pink noise at various levels. Furthermore, the performance of the algorithms was investigated by subjective tests on several technical sounds at a large scale of loudness levels. In all cases, the method of adjustment was used. The results suggest that DIN 45631 (1991) predicts loudness very well. Its estimations are within the interquartile range of the subjective evaluations.
Community Perspectives on Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract Little is known about community attitudes toward adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and what factors lead to more positive attitudes. Using a cross-sectional design with a quantitative correlational approach, 60 adults were surveyed regarding experiences, knowledge, and comfort with adults with ASD living in the community. Most participants reported having encountered a person with ASD. Among these participants with personal experience, knowledge about ASD was relatively high. Amount of experience was the only variable associated with comfort. Results suggest that increasing exposure to people with ASD may be more effective in improving community acceptance compared to informational campaigns.
From green to grey: the dynamics of land use/land cover change in urban Ghana

ABSTRACT This paper examines the struggle for existence of contrasting spaces within an urban milieu drawing on experiences from Ghana. By analysing remotely sensed images and review of relevant literature, the dynamics of change in the urban green–grey landscape were examined. While the grey (impermeable) space has increased from 23.3% to 77.6% between 1986 and 2016, green (permeable) space has declined from 76.7% to 24.4% within the same period. Rapidly growing and sprawling city, operating within a weak institutional framework, underlies the changes in land use/land cover in the Metropolis. This trend poses potential socio-environmental threat to the immediate city environment and even beyond. We recommend prioritising greening of the city by Kumasi Metropolitan Authority with the involvement and support of all stakeholders. This demands public education and effective functioning of institutions through adequate resourcing, collaboration and coordination within the broad framework of the new Land Use and Spatial Planning Act (Act 925).
A Deep Memory-based Architecture for Sequence-to-Sequence Learning

We propose DEEPMEMORY, a novel deep architecture for sequence-to-sequence learning, which performs the task through a series of nonlinear transformations from the representation of the input sequence (e.g., a Chinese sentence) to the final output sequence (e.g., translation to English). Inspired by the recently proposed Neural Turing Machine (Graves et al., 2014), we store the intermediate representations in stacked layers of memories, and use read-write operations on the memories to realize the nonlinear transformations between the representations. The types of transformations are designed in advance but the parameters are learned from data. Through layer-by-layer transformations, DEEPMEMORY can model complicated relations between sequences necessary for applications such as machine translation between distant languages. The architecture can be trained with normal back-propagation on sequenceto-sequence data, and the learning can be easily scaled up to a large corpus. DEEPMEMORY is broad enough to subsume the state-of-the-art neural translation model in (Bahdanau et al., 2015) as its special case, while significantly improving upon the model with its deeper architecture. Remarkably, DEEPMEMORY, being purely neural network-based, can achieve performance comparable to the traditional phrase-based machine translation system Moses with a small vocabulary and a modest parameter size.
Spike-Timing Error Backpropagation in Theta Neuron Networks

The main contribution of this letter is the derivation of a steepest gradient descent learning rule for a multilayer network of theta neurons, a one-dimensional nonlinear neuron model. Central to our model is the assumption that the intrinsic neuron dynamics are sufficient to achieve consistent time coding, with no need to involve the precise shape of postsynaptic currents; this assumption departs from other related models such as SpikeProp and Tempotron learning. Our results clearly show that it is possible to perform complex computations by applying supervised learning techniques to the spike times and time response properties of nonlinear integrate and fire neurons. Networks trained with our multilayer training rule are shown to have similar generalization abilities for spike latency pattern classification as Tempotron learning. The rule is also able to train networks to perform complex regression tasks that neither SpikeProp or Tempotron learning appears to be capable of.
On the origin of brown dwarfs and free-floating planetary-mass objects

Briceno et al. report a significantly smaller number of brown dwarfs (BDs) per star in the Taurus-Auriga (TA) pre-main sequence stellar groups than in the central region of the Orion Nebula cluster (ONC). Also, BDs have binary properties that are not compatible with a star-like formation history. It is shown here that these results can be understood if BDs are produced as ejected embryos with a dispersion of ejection velocities of about 2 km/s and if the number of ejected embryos is about one per four stars born in TA and ONC. The Briceno et al. observation is thus compatible with a universal BD production mechanism and a universal IMF, but the required number of BDs per star is much too small to account for the one BD per star deduced to be present in the Galactic field. There are two other mechanisms for producing BDs and free-floating planetary-mass objects (FFLOPs), namely the removal of accretion envelopes from low-mass proto-stars through photo-evaporation through nearby massive stars, and hyperbolic collisions between proto-stars in dense clusters. The third BD flavour, the collisional BDs, can be neglected in the ONC. It is shown that the observed IMF with a flattening near 0.5 M⊙ can be re-produced via photo-evaporation of proto-stars if they are distributed according to a featureless Salpeter MF above the sub-stellar mass limit, and that the photo-evaporated BDs should have a smaller velocity dispersion than the stars. The number of photo-evaporated BDs per star should increase with cluster mass, peaking in globular clusters that would have contained many stars as massive as 150 M⊙. The required number of embryo-ejected BDs in TA and the ONC can be as low as 6 ejected BDs per 100 stars if the central ONC contains 0.23 photo-evaporated BDs per star. Alternatively, if the assumption is discarded that embryo ejection must operate equally in all environments, then it can be argued that TA produced about one ejected BD per star leading to consistency with the Galacticfield observations. The dispersion of ejection velocities would be about 3 km/s. In the central ONC the number of ejected BDs per star would then be at most 0.37, or less if photo-evaporated BDs contribute. This non-universal scenario would thus imply that the Galactic-field BD population may mostly stem from TA-like star formation or modest clusters, the ONC not being able to contribute more than about 0.25± 0.04 BDs per star.
The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: The environmental dependence of galaxy star formation rates near clusters

We have measured the equivalent width of the Hα emission line for 11 006 galaxies brighter than M_b-=-−19 (Ω_Λ = 0.7, Ω_m = 0.3, H_0 = 70 km s^(−1) Mpc^(−1)) at 0.05 < z < 0.1 in the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS), in the fields of 17 known galaxy clusters. The limited redshift range ensures that our results are insensitive to aperture bias, and to residuals from night sky emission lines. We use these measurements to trace μ*, the star formation rate normalized to L*, as a function of distance from the cluster centre, and local projected galaxy density. We find that the distribution of μ* steadily skews toward larger values with increasing distance from the cluster centre, converging to the field distribution at distances greater than ∼3 times the virial radius. A correlation between star formation rate and local projected density is also found, which is independent of cluster velocity dispersion and disappears at projected densities below ∼1 galaxy Mpc^(−2) (brighter than M_b = −19). This characteristic scale corresponds approximately to the mean density at the cluster virial radius. The same correlation holds for galaxies more than two virial radii from the cluster centre. We conclude that environmental influences on galaxy properties are not restricted to cluster cores, but are effective in all groups where the density exceeds this critical value. The present-day abundance of such systems, and the strong evolution of this abundance, makes it likely that hierarchical growth of structure plays a significant role in decreasing the global average star formation rate. Finally, the low star formation rates well beyond the virialized cluster rule out severe physical processes, such as ram pressure stripping of disc gas, as being completely responsible for the variations in galaxy properties with environment.
Arbitrary Signals and Cognitive Complexity

The arbitrariness of a signal has long been seen as a theoretically important but difficult to pin down notion. In this article, we suggest there are at least two different notions of arbitrariness at play in philosophical and scientific debates concerning the use of arbitrary signals, and work towards improved analyses of both. We then consider how these different types of arbitrariness can co-occur and come apart. Finally, we examine the connections between these two types of arbitrariness and the cognitive complexity of signal users with an eye towards better evaluating one possible form of human-nonhuman communicative continuity. We show that each type of arbitrariness bears its own nuanced relationship to cognitive complexity, demonstrating the theoretical importance of keeping these two notions separate.
Relationship of Body Fat and Cardiorespiratory Fitness with Cardiovascular Risk in Chinese Children

Backgrounds/Objectives Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body fat play an important role in elevated risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the combined effects of CRF and obesity on metabolic health in Chinese children are unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the independent and combined associations between body fat, CRF, and CVD risk in Chinese schoolchildren. Methods The study subjects comprised 676 schoolchildren (392 boys and 284 girls, aged 9.6±0.7 yrs old) in Wuhan, China. Their body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), CRF, blood pressure (BP), lipids, glucose, and pubertal status were assessed. Children were categorized into different groups based on their BMI, WC, and CRF using Chinese obesity cut-off points and CRF sex-specific median points. Metabolic Risk Score (MRS) was computed based on the standardized scores of BP, lipids, and glucose. Results Multiple linear regression models showed that, in the separate models, body fat was positively associated with MRS while CRF was inversely associated with MRS (p<0.001). However, when assessed simultaneously, only body fat had a significant association with MRS (p<0.001). In general, low-fit children had a lower MRS compared to their counterparts, and a significant difference between the two extreme groups was observed (low CRF and high fat vs. high CRF and low fat, p<0.001). Conclusions These findings suggest that both body fat and CRF should be considered when interpreting CVD risk in Chinese children, while body fat may be correlated with CVD risk more than CRF.
The use of 3D visualization for sustainable tourism planning

ABSTRACT This paper describes the results of using 3D visualization (3DV) in sustainable tourism planning (STP) during the Comcot project in Estonia. Organizers were interviewed on the characteristics of 3DV for STP and on how participants were involved in discourse using 3DV. The study describes experiences from the Setu, Maidla, and Võrtsjärv lake regions of Estonia. The content analysis of the interviews suggested that the precise selection of visualization objects, detalization levels, and user interface characteristics may significantly influence the quality of STP sessions and help to optimize time, financial, and human resources allocated for a project. The coherent design of the 3DV tool and the neutral moderator positively affect the level of participant involvement in STP and support a trusted platform for community decision making.
Diagnosis of Subtropical Humidity Dynamics Using Tracers of Last Saturation

Abstract A technique for diagnosing the mechanisms that control the humidity in a general circulation model (GCM) or observationally derived meteorological analysis dataset is presented. The technique involves defining a large number of tracers, each of which represents air that has last been saturated in a particular region of the atmosphere. The time-mean tracer fields show the typical pathways that air parcels take between one occurrence of saturation and the next. The tracers provide useful information about how different regions of the atmosphere influence the humidity elsewhere. Because saturation vapor pressure is a function only of temperature and assuming mixing ratio is conserved for unsaturated parcels, these tracer fields can also be used together with the temperature field to reconstruct the water vapor field. The technique is first applied to an idealized GCM in which the dynamics are dry and forced using the Held–Suarez thermal relaxation, but the model carries a passive waterlike tracer th.
The Effect of FIFA 11+ Injury Prevention Program on Dynamic Balance and Knee Isometric Strength of Female Players in Soccer Super League

Aim: The aim of this study is to survey the effect of FIFA 11+ injury prevention program on dynamic balance and knee isometric strength of female players in soccer super league. Method: Sample of study included 30 subjects of female players of Shahrdari Bam, super league soccer team. 11+ injury prevention training protocol should be completed within eight weeks, at least two times a week and approximately 20-25 minutes. Lower extremity strength is assessed by using dynamometer device and dynamic balance test was evaluated (in the pre-test and post-test) by star test (SEBT). For data analysis, descriptive statistics of paired t and independent t test at significant level of p<0/05 were used. Result: Research finding indicates that 11+ injury prevention training program led to a significant increase in flexion and extension strength of knee joint and dynamic balance in the posterior and postero-lateral directions in the experimental group (p>0/05). There was a non-significant increase in the other directions and the control group P≥ 0.05. Also there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in posterior and postero-lateral posterior (p =0/001). But there was no difference in the control and experimental groups in other directions. Also a prominent difference was observed between experimental and control group in flexion and extension strength of knee (0/001). Conclusion: Because the 11+ injury prevention program includes special soccer movements, plyometric, strength and balance training, it has an effect on muscular strength and dynamic balance in posterior and postero-lateral directions in professional soccer players. It can also be a preventive factor in lower extremity injuries because of increasing knee strength.
Anti-oxidant activity and cytotoxicity of ethanolic extracts from rhizome of Musa acuminata

In the present study, antioxidant activities of rhizome of Musa acuminata were investigated. Free radical scavenging assay (DPPH) and reducing power of the ethanolic extract of banana rhizome resulted in potential antioxidant activities. A relatively high percentage of antioxidant activity by DPPH assay (81.41% at 200 μg/ml) which was comparable to that of the standard, ascorbic acid at 100 μg/ml was observed. With the gallic acid as standard the extract showed a relatively low reductive potential, however, when tested for cytotoxicity at the highest concentration of the tested dose (256 μg/ml), the maximum rate of inhibition observed was 50.32%. The present work indicates that the ethanolic extract of Musa acuminata exhibits significant antiproliferative and antioxidant activities.
Selectivity of cations and nonelectrolytes for acetylcholine-activated channels in cultured muscle cells

The selectivity of acetylcholine (A-Ch)-activated channels for alkali cations, organic cations, and nonelectrolytes in cultured muscle cells has been studied. To test the effect of size, charge, and hydrogen- binding capacity of permeant molecules on their permeability, we have obtained the selectivity sequences of alkali cations, compared the permeability of pairs of permeant molecules with similar size and shape but differing in charge, and studied the permeability of amines of different hydrogen bonding capacity. ACh-activated channels transport alkali cations of small hydration radii and high mobility. The molecules with positive charge and (or) a hydrogen-bond donating moiety are more permeable than the ones without. On the other hand, several nonelectrolytes, i.e., ethylene glycol, formamide, and urea, do have a small, but measurable, permeability through the channels. These results are consistent with a model that ACh-activated channel is a water- filled pore containing dipoles or hydrogen bond accepting groups and a negative charged site with a pK of 4.8.
Lexical access in aphasia: impacts of phonological neighborhood density on accuracy of word production

Recommended Citation Morgart, Arianna Paige. "Lexical access in aphasia: impacts of phonological neighborhood density on accuracy of word production. " has been approved by the Examining Committee for the thesis requirement for the Master of Arts degree in Speech Pathology and Audiology at the May 2015 graduation. ii " In examining disease, we gain wisdom about anatomy and physiology and biology. In examining the person with disease, we gain wisdom about life. " Oliver Sacks iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Schwartz rounds in undergraduate medical education facilitates active reflection and individual identification of learning need

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Strategies applying Schwartz Rounds to improve wellbeing of medical students has focused on the clinical years of study. This pilot study investigates whether Schwartz Rounds could be effective in developing students’ reflective practice in Year 2 undergraduates. Engagement with the Schwartz Round was high with over 50% of the students identifying learning needs through reflection on the Round. Schwartz Rounds promoted recognition of the value of reflective practice and increased self-awareness of student needs.
Simulations of Computing by Self-Assembly

Winfree (1996) proposed a Turing-universal model of DNA self-assembly. In this abstract model, DNA double-crossover molecules self-assemble to form an algorithmically-patterned two-dimensional lattice. Here, we develop a more realistic model based on the thermodynamics and kinetics of oligonucleotide hydridization. Using a computer simulation, we investigate what physical factors influence the error rates, i.e., when the more realistic model deviates from the ideal of the abstract model. We find, in agreement with rules of thumb for crystal growth, that the lowest error rates occur at the melting temperature when crystal growth is slowest, and that error rates can be made arbitrarily low by decreasing concentration and increasing binding strengths.