Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global Fault-Tolerant Control Technique for Multiphase Permanent-Magnet Machines

In this paper, a global fault-tolerant control (FTC) technique is proposed for multiphase permanent-magnet (PM) machine drives. The goal of the proposed FTC is to find a general closed-form solution for healthy phase currents under steady-state post fault conditions. Healthy phase currents are found through an optimization problem to produce ripple-free output torque with minimum ohmic losses. A comprehensive FTC approach should be able to provide fault-tolerant currents for multiphase machines with any number of phases. In addition, it needs to find currents based on fault type (open-circuit/short-circuit), fault locations [phase(s) and/or line(s)], connection of stator windings, and even different control objectives. An important feature of the proposed method is its flexibility and simplicity in dealing with all possible fault conditions. The proposed method is a great tool to evaluate fault-tolerant capability of different drive systems in terms of maximum available ripple-free torque and copper losses. Due to its simplicity and flexibility, it is also well-suited for real-time implementation. A five-phase PM machine is used as an example to investigate the validity of the proposed solutions through finite-element analysis and experimental tests.
Breastfeeding and the risk of postneonatal death in the United States.

OBJECTIVE Breastfed infants in the United States have lower rates of morbidity, especially from infectious disease, but there are few contemporary studies in the developed world of the effect of breastfeeding on postneonatal mortality. We evaluated the effect of breastfeeding on postneonatal mortality in United States using 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey (NMIHS) data. METHODS Nationally representative samples of 1204 infants who died between 28 days and 1 year from causes other than congenital anomaly or malignant tumor (cases of postneonatal death) and 7740 children who were still alive at 1 year (controls) were included. We calculated overall and cause-specific odds ratios for ever/never breastfeeding among all children, conducted race and birth weight-specific analyses, and looked for duration-response effects. RESULTS Overall, children who were ever breastfed had 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67-0.93) times the risk of never breastfed children for dying in the postneonatal period. Longer breastfeeding was associated with lower risk. Odds ratios by cause of death varied from 0.59 (95% CI: 0.38-0.94) for injuries to 0.84 (95% CI: 0.67-1.05) for sudden infant death syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Breastfeeding is associated with a reduction in risk for postneonatal death. This large data set allowed robust estimates and control of confounding, but the effects of breast milk and breastfeeding cannot be separated completely from other characteristics of the mother and child. Assuming causality, however, promoting breastfeeding has the potential to save or delay approximately 720 postneonatal deaths in the United States each year.
Memory : systems, process, or function?

J.K. Foster and M. Jelicic, memory chapers, procedures, and processes E. Tulving, study of memory - processes and systems H.L. Roediger, R. Buckner, K.B. McDermott, components of processing R.M. McDonald, A-M. Ergis, and G. Winocur, functional dissociation of brain regions in learning and memory, evidence for multiple systems T.A. Blaxton, combining disruption and activation techniques to map conceptual and perceptual memory processes in the human brain A.R. Mayes, how does the brain mediate our ability to remember? M.S. Weldon, the memory chop shop - issues in the search for memory systems J.D. E. Gabrieli, the architecture of human memory J.P. Toth and R.R. Hunt, not one versus many, but zero versus any, structure and function in the context of the multiple memory systems debate A.J. Parkin, component processes versus systems, is there really an important difference?
BIS-mediated STAT3 stabilization regulates glioblastoma stem cell-like phenotypes

Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are a subpopulation of highly tumorigenic and stem-like cells that are responsible for resistance to conventional therapy. Bcl-2-intreacting cell death suppressor (BIS; also known as BAG3) is an anti-apoptotic protein that is highly expressed in human cancers with various origins, including glioblastoma. In the present study, to investigate the role of BIS in GSC subpopulation, we examined the expression profile of BIS in A172 and U87-MG glioblastoma cell lines under specific in vitro culture conditions that enrich GSC-like cells in spheres. Both BIS mRNA and protein levels significantly increased under the sphere-forming condition as compared with standard culture conditions. BIS depletion resulted in notable decreases in sphere-forming activity and was accompanied with decreases in SOX-2 expression. The expression of STAT3, a master regulator of stemness, also decreased following BIS depletion concomitant with decreases in the nuclear levels of active phosphorylated STAT3, while ectopic STAT3 overexpression resulted in recovery of sphere-forming activity in BIS-knockdown glioblastoma cells. Additionally, immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy revealed that BIS physically interacts with STAT3. Furthermore, BIS depletion increased STAT3 ubiquitination, suggesting that BIS is necessary for STAT3 stabilization in GSC-like cells. BIS depletion also affected epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-related genes as evidenced by decrease in SNAIL and MMP-2 expression and increase in E-cadherin expression in GSC-like cells. Our findings suggest that high levels of BIS expression might confer stem-cell-like properties on cancer cells through STAT3 stabilization, indicating that BIS is a potential target in cancer therapy.
Adipose-derived Stem Cells Added to Platelet-rich Plasma for Chronic Skin Ulcer Therapy.

INTRODUCTION Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) hold great promise for regenerative medicine applications due to their ability to promote the healing process through in situ differentiation and secretion of paracrine factor. The aim of this paper is to present a clinical adjunct for chronic skin wound therapy based on ASCs added to platelet-rich plasma (PRP), to obtain an enhanced PRP (e-PRP). MATERIALS AND METHODS For 18 months, 24 control-group patients with 31 chronic skin ulcers were treated with standard wound care, while 16 experimental-group patients with 21 chronic skin ulcers were treated with standard wound care and 1 e-PRP injection. The patients were randomly assigned to the control or experimental group. Outpatients had weekly follow-up visits where they were subjected to standard treatment and the wound healing process was assessed. RESULTS At the end of the study, the control and experimental groups had similar healing rates but wound closure rates were significantly different (P = 0.0257): 0.0890 cm(2) x day and 0.2287 cm(2) x day respectively, resulting in a faster recovery for the group treated with e-PRP. No side effects were reported. CONCLUSION In the authors' experience, e-PRP significantly enhanced wound closure rates when compared to standard wound care, without causing any serious complications. This finding highlights e-PRP as a valuable resource for chronic wound treatment.
Development of an Instrument to Measure Attitudes of Physical Therapy Providers Working With People With Dementia

Background and Purpose: This study investigated the factor structure of an instrument to measure attitudes and beliefs of how physical therapist (PT) practitioners perceive working with people with a dementia disorder. Methods: A survey was mailed to every skilled nursing facility in Indiana (n = 495) for completion by a PT or physical therapist assistant. The survey was developed and included whether the severity of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) impacts the attitudes of physical therapy practitioners. Results: Of the 12 attitudinal questions, 11 were significant (P < .001) concerning how the severity of a diagnosis of AD (early, middle, and late) impacts attitudes of people in physical therapy practice. Principal component analysis identified 3 factors with Eigen values of 3.3 or higher accounting for 43% of the cumulative variance. These factors include professional competence, resources, and conscientiousness. Conclusion: This brief instrument could serve as an assessment tool to determine whether PT practitioners exhibit therapeutic nihilism when working with people with a dementia disorder.
Phonological Working Memory in 4-8 Year-Old Persian Children who Stutter

Background : One language-related area that has recently received more attention from researchers working in the field of stuttering is phonological working memory. This article aimed to identify phonological skills of working memory in children with stuttering in comparison with normal children, and to obtain the relationship between the increase in the number of syllables in non-words and the mean percentage of error in non-word repetition in both groups, then to compare them with each other. Methods: Thirty children participated in the study, 15 children who stutter and 15 normal children which were matched by age, gender and socio-economic status. Cases of this study were recruited by non random convenience sampling. The research data collection was based on non-word repetition test. The test included 40 non-words. Independent t-tests and linear regression were used for data analysis. Results: Results revealed that in all cases the mean percentage of error was higher in children who stutter than normal children, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>.05). Also the mean percentage error did not show a regular increase by increasing the number of syllables in the non-words. So that, in both groups of the study the highest mean percentage of error was related to single-syllable non-words then three-syllable and two-syllable ones. Conclusion : The results of the present research from previous researches support the view that children with stuttering may have some degree of delay and slow in phonological working memory abilities when compared to normal children. It is proposed that in future more researches could be done in more samples, in different age groups of children and adults who stutter.
What Children Can Say Before They Will.

A problem of central concern which has emerged repeatedly in the brief history of post-transformational grammar developmental psy cholinguistics is that of adequately assessing the young child's lin guistic competence. Chomsky (1964) first made the criticism that linguistic performance, as evidenced in naturalistic observations, of fers only a limited basis for this assessment. Despite a general con sensus as to the feasibility of Chomsky's criticism, to date the most revealing information about the child's development has come from naturalistic observations (McNeill, 1970). Attempts to assess the young child's linguistic competence in a different manner have not been uncommon, nevertheless, and many of these attempts have re ported results which suggest that the young child's linguistic com petence does exceed that evidenced by his performance (cf., Shipley, Smith, & Gleitman, 1969; Maratsos, 1971). The method of primary concern here is that of elicited imitation. This method requires the child to repeat (as accurately as possible) a model sentence immedi ately after the investigator has said it. Currently it is assumed that the child's imitation is assimilatory if the model sentence is too long or difficult for the child to repeat in a rote manner. Under these cir cumstances, the child is hypothesized (Slobin & Welsh, 1973) to structure the linguistic input according to his current linguistic com petence. The child's errors in his imitations may then not be random, but rather may allow an analysis of the errors to elucidate the child's current linguistic structures. Fraser, Bellugi, & Brown (1963), using three-year-old children, compared the results of elicited imitation of a variety of grammatical contrasts with the results of comprehension and natural speech pro duction of the same grammatical contrasts. Apparently contrary to the assimilation theory described above, the results indicated that the children were able to imitate the contrasts correctly before they
Disturbed anal sphincter function following vaginal delivery.

BACKGROUND: Recently interest in idiopathic (neurogenic) faecal incontinence has swung from denervation of the external anal sphincter to the internal sphincter. AIMS: To evaluate the effects of vaginal delivery on the internal sphincter. SUBJECTS: 1372 mothers were studied antenatally and 1202 were accepted into the study. METHODS: Sphincter pressures were measured antenatally, in the early postnatal period, and six to 10 weeks later in selected patients. RESULTS: 755 of 1202 subjects assessed antenatally were primiparous women and 447 multiparous women. Some 320 previous spontaneous vaginal deliveries (SVD) (mean 59 mm Hg) and 67 previous forceps deliveries (mean 58 mm Hg) had lower resting pressures than 755 primiparous women (mean 66 mm Hg) (p < 0.01). A total of 493 subjects were reassessed postnatally. There were 372 SVDs, 47 vacuum extractions, 20 forceps, and 54 caesarean deliveries. All vaginal deliveries but not caesarean sections dropped their resting anal pressures from antenatal values (p < 0.001). Some 227 first SVDs had a much greater fall than 145 subsequent SVDs. In 162 subjects who had undergone their first vaginal delivery and who were followed up there was some recovery but the resting pressures were still lowered at six to 10 weeks post partum. CONCLUSIONS: The first vaginal delivery causes a permanent lowering of resting anal pressures. The possible reasons for this are discussed.
Assessing Pupil Control Ideology in the Context of Hong Kong Teacher Education.

Scales were developed to assess both the custodial and humanistic aspects of student control ideology. Research based on the responses of about 500 Hong Kong teacher education students showed responses to these scales were of adequate internal consistency, and confirmatory factor analysis supported two independent scales rather than a continuum from custodialism to humanism as assumed in the Pupil Control Ideology form (Willower et al., 1967), the instrument most widely used in this area of research. Further support for the differential validity of these scales came from evidence that self-perceived professional self-esteem as a teacher, teaching abilities, and classroom management skills were much more closely associated with the humanistic rather than custodial view of student control, but it was the latter view that was most affected by teaching practice in Hong Kong. (Contains 62 references.) (Author/SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Assessing Pupil Control Ideology in the Context of Hong Kong Teacher Education Ka Wah Yeung' The Hong Kong Institute of Education
New XMM-Newton observations of SNRs in the SMC

Context. A complete overview of the supernova remnant (SNR) populati on is required to investigate their evolution and interacti on with the surrounding interstellar medium in the Small Magel lanic Cloud (SMC). Aims. Recent XMM-Newton observations of the SMC cover three known SNRs (DEM S5, SNR B0050 −72.8, and SNR B0058 −71.8), which are poorly studied and are X-ray faint. We used new mult i-frequency radio-continuum surveys and new optical obser vations at Hα, [S ii], and [Oiii] wavelengths, in combination with the X-ray data, to invest igate their properties and to search for new SNRs in the SMC. Methods. We used X-ray source selection criteria and found one SMC obj ect with typical SNR characteristics (HFPK 334), that was initially detected by ROSAT. We analysed the X-ray spectra a nd present multi-wavelength morphological studies of the t hr e SNRs and the new candidate. Results. Using a non-equilibrium ionisation collisional plasma mod el, we find temperatures kT around 0.18 keV for the three known remnants and 0.69 keV for the candidate. The low temperature , low surface brightness, and large extent of the three remna nts indicates relatively large ages. The emission from the new candidate ( HFPK 334) is more centrally peaked and the higher temperatur e s ggests a younger remnant. Our new radio images indicate that a pulsa r wind nebulae (PWN) is possibly associated with this object . Conclusions. The SNRs known in the SMC show a variety of morphological stru ctures that are relatively uncorrelated in the di fferent wavelength bands, probably caused by the di fferent conditions in the surrounding medium with which the re mnant interacts.
Vibration-induced inhibition of vascular smooth muscle contraction.

Vascular smooth muscle is known to be exposed to an oscillating strain under physiological and patho-physiological conditions as well as in different occupational and environmental situations. The effect of vibrations of smooth muscle seems to be largly unknown. In the present experiments on isolated preparations of the rat portal vein and the rabbit thoracic aorta, imposed sinusoidal changes in length were found to cause prompt reduction in active force, the extent of which was dependent on amplitude (1-10% of tissue length, peak to peak, i.e. approximately plus or minus 50-500 mum) and frequency of vibration (1-400 Hz) as well as on the prevailing level of active and passive forces. Vibration caused only small and inconsistant reductions of passive force of vascular smooth muscle. The results are in accordance with the hypothesis that vibrations exert a direct action on the contractile process by causing an increased rate of detachment of actin-myosin cross-links. It is suggested that, in vivo, vibrations may affect the diameter of conduit arteries locally in the case of turbulent blood flow as seen in post-stenotic dilation and arterio-venous anastomosis. Possibly, even the normal pulse pressure oscillations may sometimes tend to inhibit the smooth muscle activity in such arteries and thereby influence their diameters.
Dispersal Limitation and Environmental Structure Interact to Restrict the Occupation of Optimal Habitat

Whether plant distributions are governed more by neutral‐based distance effects or niche‐based environmental responses remains elusive. A lack of habitat matching, where species distributions do not correspond to environmental variability, suggests neutrality but can also be explained by niche models through the interactions of dispersal limitation, spatial autocorrelation of the environment, species interactions, and spatial scale. We untangle these effects in a field study with multiscale statistical analyses. We demonstrate that despite significant niche‐based environmental responses by a savanna plant, we still see weak habitat matching, with the mechanisms responsible differing by spatial scale. At the coarse scale (100–200 m), dispersal limitation restricted the occupation of optimal habitat. At the fine scale (<30 m), dispersal was not limiting, but a lack of autocorrelation of environmental variables prevented the aggregation of reproductively active plants in optimal microsites. Species associations were largely unimportant at all scales. Extending our analysis to the entire community revealed similar scale‐dependent limitations of distance and the environment, indicating weak habitat matching for all species. This work supports predictions that environmental specializations do not necessarily produce deterministic distributions in plant communities. It also provides a mechanistic explanation for why co‐occurring plant species can have largely undifferentiated distributions.
Pour une gouvernance d'entreprise « comportementale ». Une réflexion exploratoire

L'objectif de cet article est de montrer l'interet des approches comportementales, notamment de la finance comportementale, pour construire une theorie de la gouvernance permettant de remedier aux nombreuses lacunes de la theorie juridico-financiere dominante. La reflexion entreprise montre les problemes souleves par la notion de biais comportemental et son integration dans la theorie de la gouvernance.
From cats to roller-coasters: creative use of posters to explore students' perceptions of PDP

As in many other UK institutions, the implementation of Personal Development Planning (PDP) has been varied across the University of Central Lancashire (UCLan). This is due to a number of factors, including a limited understanding by staff of the underlying principles of reflection and their own personal development as practitioners. In the past, workshops with staff on PDP were often met with resistance and poor attendance. As an alternative, we have sought student perceptions of PDP, in the hope that these could be used to engage and influence members of staff. Year one students from ten different courses were given a session on PDP at the end of which they produced posters representing their perceptions of PDP for their course. The terms in these posters were coded and placed in appropriate categories then ranked to allow for comparisons between groups. Individual priorities for immediate action were captured on post-it notes. A year later the same students were surveyed once again and individual perceptions were captured by a questionnaire. Groups were shown their original poster and asked to create a new poster in the light of a year's experience. First years' posters had elements of theoretical frameworks for PDP, with about half showing an idea of progressive development over time; posters from second years were less theoretical and instead reflected real-life experiences, with fewer terms but more extensive wording, and less focus on stages of development and forward planning. Second year students also showed evidence of engaging in PDP at an individual level with many reporting achievements in aspects such as time management which they had mentioned in year one. We conclude that students are able to recognise their development needs, and their achievements, but that the planning element of PDP is less well recognised.
Pamidronate Down-regulates Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Induced Matrix Metalloproteinases Expression in Human Intervertebral Disc Cells

Background N-containing bisphosphonates (BPs), such as pamidronate and risedronate, can inhibit osteoclastic function and reduce osteoclast number by inducing apoptotic cell death in osteoclasts. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effect of pamidronate, second generation nitrogen-containing BPs and to elucidate matrix metallo-proteinases (MMPs) mRNA expression under serum starvation and/or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) stimulation on metabolism of intervertebral disc (IVD) cells in vitro. Methods Firstly, to test the effect of pamidronate on IVD cells in vitro, various concentrations (10-12, 10-10, 10-8, and 10-6 M) of pamidronate were administered to IVD cells. Then DNA and proteoglycan synthesis were measured and messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of type I collagen, type II collagen, and aggrecan were analyzed. Secondly, to elucidate the expression of MMPs mRNA in human IVD cells under the lower serum status, IVD cells were cultivated in full serum or 1% serum. Thirdly, to elucidate the expression of MMPs mRNA in IVD cells under the stimulation of 1% serum and TNF-α (10 ng/mL) In this study, IVD cells were cultivated in three dimensional alginate bead. Results Under the lower serum culture, IVD cells in alginate beads showed upregulation of MMP 2, 3, 9, 13 mRNA. The cells in lower serum and TNF-α also demonstrated upregulation of MMP-2, 3, 9, and 13 mRNA. The cells with various doses of pamidronate and lower serum and TNF-α were reveled partial down-regulation of MMPs. Conclusions Pamidronate, N-containing second generation BPs, was safe in metabolism of IVD in vitro maintaining chondrogenic phenotype and matrix synthesis, and down-regulated TNF-α induced MMPs expression.