Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A fault-tolerant, energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

Multi-hop Wireless Sensors Networks (WSNs) consisting of several nodes and links are vulnerable to frequent node/ link failures. Energy saving at a node is another major consideration in WSN. Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) is a popular protocol commonly applied to WSNs; however, there is no provision of fault-tolerance and energy efficiency. In this paper, a new fault-tolerant routing and energy-efficient protocol, that modifies the conventional DSR protocol, is proposed. The protocol tries to find two routing paths (if they exist) from the source to the destination node, considering the present energy levels at intermediate nodes in the path. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol also achieves better packet delivery ratio and network throughput as compared to conventional DSR.
Identification and functional analysis of SKA2 interaction with the glucocorticoid receptor

Glucocorticoid (GC) receptors (GRs) have profound anti-survival effects on human small cell lung cancer (SCLC). To explore the basis of these effects, protein partners for GRs were sought using a yeast two-hybrid screen. We discovered a novel gene, FAM33A, subsequently identified as a SKA1 partner and involved in mitosis, and so renamed Ska2. We produced an anti-peptide antibody that specifically recognized full-length human SKA2 to measure expression in human cell lines and tissues. There was a wide variation in expression across multiple cell lines, but none was detected in the liver cell line HepG2. A xenograft model of human SCLC had intense staining and archival tissue revealed SKA2 in several human lung and breast tumours. SKA2 was found in the cytoplasm, where it co-localized with GR, but nuclear expression of SKA2 was seen in breast tumours. SKA2 overexpression increased GC transactivation in HepG2 cells while SKA2 knockdown in A549 human lung epithelial cells decreased transactivation and prevented dexamethasone inhibition of proliferation. GC treatment decreased SKA2 protein levels in A549 cells, as did Staurosporine, phorbol ester and trichostatin A; all agents that inhibit cell proliferation. Overexpression of SKA2 potentiated the proliferative response to IGF-I exposure, and knockdown with shRNA caused cells to arrest in mitosis. SKA2 has recently been identified in HeLa S3 cells as part of a complex, which is critical for spindle checkpoint silencing and exit from mitosis. Our new data show involvement in cell proliferation and GC signalling, with implications for understanding how GCs impact on cell fate.
Expression of Uncoupling Protein 3 and GLUT4 Gene in Skeletal Muscle of Preterm Newborns: Possible Control by AMP-Activated Protein Kinase

We seek to understand the mechanism for the delayed postnatal switch between glycolytic and oxidative metabolism in preterm newborns. Our previous study [Brauner et al. (Pediatr Res 53: 691-697, 2003)] suggested impaired postnatal recruitment of the gene for mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) by nutritional lipids in skeletal muscle of neonates delivered before approximately 26 wk of gestation. UCP3 is linked to lipid oxidation and may be involved in the defective development of energy metabolism in skeletal muscles of very preterm newborns. In extension of our previous study, autopsy samples of musculus quadriceps femoris from 40 mostly preterm neonates and 5 fetuses were used for quantification of transcripts for UCP3, GLUT4, and their transcriptional regulator, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The new analysis confirmed the defect in the recruitment of the UCP3 gene expression by lipids in very preterm neonates. It also suggested involvement of AMPK in the control of expression of both metabolic genes, UCP3 and GLUT4, in the skeletal muscle of the newborns. Experiments on adult C57BL/6J mice confirmed the relationships between the transcripts and supported the involvement of AMPK in the control of UCP3 gene expression.
Clonal T‐cell Lymphoproliferation Containing Epstein‐Barr (EB) Virus DNA in a Patient with Chronic Active EB Virus Infection

A 10‐year‐old boy with chronic active Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection developed T‐cell lymphoproliferation in the terminal stage of hepatic failure. The phenotypes of the proliferating lymphocytes were CD3±, CD4± and HLA‐DR±. The genomic DNAs from these cells demonstrated two rearranged T‐cell receptor μ‐chain genes and contained the EBV genome. These findings indicate that EBV can infect T lymphocytes and might cause clonal T‐cell lymphoproliferation.
What Do African American Youth With a Mental Illness Think About Help-Seeking and Psychiatric Medication?: Origins of Stigmatizing Attitudes

Stigma greatly impacts African Americans’ underutilization of mental health treatment. Stigmatizing attitudes are attributed to racial mistrust and familial, religious, and cultural beliefs. However, most research on influences of these attitudes has been conducted with adults. Origins among adolescents may be unique because they have different competing influences relative to development. Identifying these influences is crucial to promoting utilization of psychiatric services as well as positive mental health outcomes among youth. The present article applies qualitative methods to explore the origin of stigmatizing attitudes among African American adolescents with psychiatric disorders. Adolescents reported similar origins of stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness as adults, and also identified peer perceptions and media messages as influences. The findings promote the need to develop family psychoeducation programs that account for familial, racial, cultural, community, and religious influences.
Subjective Economic Welfare

Paradoxically, when economists analyze a policy's impact on welfare they typically assume that people are the best judges of their own welfare, yet resist directly asking them if they are better off. Early ideas of"utility"were explicitly subjective, but modern economists generally ignore people's expressed views about their own welfare. Even using a broad set of conventional socioeconomic data may not reflect well people's subjective perceptions of their poverty. The authors examine the determinants of subjective economic welfare in Russia, including its relationship to conventional objective indicators. For data on subjective perceptions, they use survey responses in which respondents rate their level of welfare from"poor"to"rich"on a nine-point ladder. As an objective indicator of economic welfare, they use the most common poverty indicator in Russia today, in which household incomes are deflated by household-specific poverty lines. Paradoxically, when economists analyze a policy's impact on welfare they typically assume that people are the best judges of their own welfare, yet resist directly asking them if they are better off. Early ideas of"utility"were explicitly subjective, but modern economists generally ignore people's expressed views about their own welfare. Even using a broad set of conventional socioeconomic data may not reflect well people's subjective perceptions of their poverty. The authors examine the determinants of subjective economic welfare in Russia, including its relationship to conventional objective indicators. For data on subjective perceptions, they use survey responses in which respondents rate their level of welfare from"poor"to"rich"on a nine-point ladder. As an objective indicator of economic welfare, they use the most common poverty indicator in Russia today, in which household incomes are deflated by household-specific poverty lines.
Properties and performance of the Floristic Quality Index in Great Lakes coastal wetlands

The Floristic Quality Index (FQI) has been proposed as a tool that can be used to identify areas of high conservation value, monitor sites over time, assess the anthropogenic impacts affecting an area, and measure the ecological condition of an area. FQI is based on the Coefficient of Conservatism (C), which is a numerical score assigned to each plant species in a local flora, primarily from best professional judgment, that reflects the likelihood that a species is found in natural habitats. FQI is computed by multiplying the mean Coefficient of Conservatism (C) by the square root of species richness for an observational unit. Great Lakes coastal wetlands were used to assess the properties and performance of various species richness, Coefficient of Conservatism, and Floristic Quality indices, as well as compare C-value assignments from two U.S. states (Wisconsin and Michigan). FQI and species richness increased with sampling area according to a power function, but C more or less remained constant. Sampling schemes should therefore focus on controlling sampling area and minimally sampling each community type at a site. In some cases, Wisconsin and Michigan assigned different values of C to the same species, highlighting possible effects due to the somewhat subjective nature of C-value assignment. Coefficient of Conservatism and Floristic Quality indices were better at discriminating differences between sites, independent of a condition gradient, than species richness alone, but neither index type outperformed the other. Both types of indices were also found to be acceptable ecological indicators of condition, although Floristic Quality indices consistently outperformed Coefficient of Conservatism indices in this capacity. Regardless of the subjectivity involved with the assignment of C-values and that ‘floristic quality’ is a human concept and not a true ecosystem property, both Coefficient of Conservatism and Floristic Quality indices seem to be effective indicators of condition in Great Lakes coastal wetland
Assessment of Two Automated Imaging Systems in Evaluating Estrogen Receptor Status in Breast Carcinoma

Immunohistochemical staining for estrogen receptor (ER) status is widely used in the management of breast cancer. These stains have traditionally been scored manually, which results in generally good agreement among observers when the cases are strongly positive. However, significant interobserver and intraobserver differences in scoring can occur in borderline or weakly staining cases. Recently, automated systems have been proposed to provide a more sensitive and objective method of ER quantification. The ChromaVision Automated Cellular Imaging System and the Applied Imaging Ariol SL-50 quantify the color intensity of the immunoreactive product. To assess the accuracy of these 2 automated systems and to compare them to one another and to manual scoring, we performed immunostaining for ER on 64 cases of breast cancer. The percentages of positive cells were scored manually by 4 pathologists and by the 2 imaging systems. A discrepancy in scoring was defined as that which resulted in the reclassification of a case from negative to positive or vice versa. Our results showed significant agreement between the 2 automated systems. When automated scores were compared with the manual scores, only 5 of the 64 cases (7%) were discrepant. In 4 of these, the percentage of cells staining for ER was low (0% to 20%). Overall, the 2 systems were comparable, and discrepant results were most frequently seen when analyzing tumors with low levels of ER positive cells.
Tight Bounds for Online Vector Scheduling

Modern data centers face a key challenge of effectively serving user requests that arrive online. Such requests are inherently multi-dimensional and characterized by demand vectors over multiple resources such as processor cycles, storage space, and network bandwidth. Typically, different resources require different objectives to be optimized, and Lr norms of loads are among the most popular objectives considered. Furthermore, the server clusters are also often heterogeneous making the scheduling problem more challenging. To address these problems, we consider the online vector scheduling problem in this paper. Introduced by Chekuri and Khanna (SIAM J. of Comp. 2006), vector scheduling is a generalization of classical load balancing, where every job has a vector load instead of a scalar load. The scalar problem, introduced by Graham in 1966, and its many variants (identical and unrelated machines, makespan and Lr-norm optimization, offline and online jobs, etc.) have been extensively studied over the last 50 years. In this paper, we resolve the online complexity of the vector scheduling problem and its important generalizations - for all Lr norms and in both the identical and unrelated machines settings. Our main results are: · For identical machines, we show that the optimal competitive ratio is Θ(log d/ log log d) by giving an online lower bound and an algorithm with an asymptotically matching competitive ratio. The lower bound is technically challenging, and is obtained via an online lower bound for the minimum mono-chromatic clique problem using a novel online coloring game and randomized coding scheme. Our techniques also extend to asymptotically tight upper and lower bounds for general Lr norms. · For unrelated machines, we show that the optimal competitive ratio is Θ(log m + log d) by giving an online lower bound that matches a previously known upper bound. Unlike identical machines, however, extending these results, particularly the upper bound, to general Lr norms requires new ideas. In particular, we use a carefully constructed potential function that balances the individual Lr objectives with the overall (convexified) min-max objective to guide the online algorithm and track the changes in potential to bound the competitive ratio.
Tunable High-Power Q-Switched Fiber Laser Based on BP-PVA Saturable Absorber

Black phosphors (BP) nano-materials have been extensively investigated in the past years. However, the character of easily oxidizable limits BP's stability. Here a long-term-stable tunable Q-switched fiber laser with BP polymer composite (polyvinyl alcohol, PVA) as saturable absorber is realized. The modulation depth and the saturation power intensity of the BP-PVA film are 8.3% and 7.9 MW/cm2, respectively. A high average output power of 12.03 mW is obtained under the pump power of 400 mW. The shortest pulse width and maximum single pulse energy are 1.365 μs and 148.63 nJ, respectively. Meanwhile, the output spectra have a 2.5-nm blue shift when the pump power increases. The results prove that as a Q-switcher, BP polymer composite has a good performance on high power and excellent stability pulsed laser.
International Journal of Physical Sciences Effects of Growth Rate on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Sn-3.7ag-0.9zn Eutectic Alloy Sn-3.7wt.%ag-0.9wt.%zn Alloy Was Directionally Solidified Upward under Different Conditions, with Different Growth Rates (v = 3.38 -220.12 Μm/s) at a Constant 

samples. The microhardness, tensile strength and electrical resistivity of alloy were measured from directionally solidified samples. The dependency of the microhardness, tensile strength and electrical resistivity on the solidification parameters for directionally solidified SnAg -Zn eutectic alloy was investigated and the relationships between them were experimentally obtained by using regression analysis. The results obtained in the present work were compared with the previous similar experimental results.
Non-governmental organizations and community development in Bangladesh

Despite significant contributions from non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in socio-economic development in Bangladesh, the evidence in community development is little known. The findings of this article are based on two NGOs working with two indigenous communities. The study used a qualitative case study research approach, where a multi-method data collection procedure was applied. The analysis of the findings underscored the role of these two NGOs in four ingredients of community development: improving participation, social networking, partnership and development ownership. The results showed that the NGOs’ contributions in community development were credible. The findings provide important guidelines for social workers, NGO workers and development practitioners.
Deployment support network a toolkit for the development of WSNs

In this paper, we present the Deployment Support Network (DSN), a new methodology for developing and testing wireless sensor networks (WSN) in a realistic environment. With an additional wireless backbone network a deployed WSN can be observed, controlled, and reprogrammed completely over the air. The DSN provides visibility and control in a similar way as existing emulation testbeds, but overcomes the limitations of wired infrastructures. As a result, development and experiments can be conducted with realistic in- and outdoor deployments. The paper describes the new concept and methodology. Additionally, an architecture-independent implementation of the toolkit is presented, which has been used in an industrial case-study.
Progression of motor impairment and disability in Parkinson disease

Objective: To investigate risk factors and the rate of progression of motor symptoms and disability in a population-based cohort of patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Methods: In all, 232 patients with PD, derived from a community-based prevalence study, were followed prospectively over an 8-year period. Follow-up examinations were done 4 and 8 years after baseline, and 144 patients participated in at least one follow-up examination. Information on motor function and disability was obtained using the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), the Hoehn and Yahr staging, and the Schwab and England score. Population-averaged logistic regression models were used to describe annual disease progression and to analyze the influence of potential risk factors on functional decline. Results: We found a similar mean annual decline in the UPDRS motor score and the Hoehn and Yahr staging of 3.1% and 3.2%, respectively. Also the UPDRS Activity of Daily Living (ADL) score and the Schwab and England scale changed similarly, with 3.5% and 3.6% per year, respectively. Age, age at onset, disease duration, and excessive daytime somnolence at baseline were strong and independent predictors of greater impairment in motor function and disability. Cognitive impairment at baseline predicted higher disability and higher Hoehn and Yahr scores. Time by age-at-onset interactions were found for the UPDRS motor score and the Hoehn and Yahr staging. Conclusions: Motor function and disability worsened significantly with time, and to a similar extent. Age, age at onset and disease duration, as well as symptoms thought to be due to involvement of non-dopaminergic brain structures, are predictors of more impaired motor function and disability. However, age at disease onset was the main predictor of motor decline in our cohort, indicating a slower and more restricted pathologic disease process in patients with young-onset PD.
FIXED POINT THEOREMS WITH PPF DEPENDENCE AND FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

In this paper, some fixed point theorems with PPF dependence in Banach spaces are proved and then applied to functional dierential equations of delay type for proving the existence of solutions. Our results generalizes the fixed point theorems with PPF dependence of Bernfield et al. (1) under weaker conditions.
Doing meaning: A theoretical and grounded exploration of workplace relationships and meaningful work

The purpose of this dissertation is to illuminate the connection between workplace relationships and meaningful work. This goal is accomplished through two papers. The first paper adopts a social networks lens to develop a process model explaining how the strength of intraorganizational network ties may influence meaningfulness. Ties of different strengths are expected to influence work meaningfulness through the mechanisms of individuation, contribution, and unification. Rather than one type of tie being superior in terms of its impact on meaningfulness, the theory explains the importance of maintaining a diverse network portfolio that includes both strong and weak ties. The second paper explores how people actively construct the interpretations of their interactions with others in a way that impacts the experience of meaningful work. By conducting an ethnographic study of veterinary workers, the concept of cognitive relationship crafting and its three dimensions of contact, character, and impact crafting are introduced. The data is used to explain how these different forms of cognitive relationship crafting link to meaningful work, as well as the possibility of virtuous cycles of meaningfulness when mechanisms of agency are combined with the mechanisms of unification and contribution enabled by cognitive relationship crafting.
Distance, Lending Relationships and Competition

We study the effect on loan conditions of geographical distance between firms, the lending bank, and all other banks in the vicinity. For our study, we employ detailed contract information from more than 15,000 bank loans to small firms comprising the entire loan portfolio of a large Belgian bank. We report the first comprehensive evidence on the occurrence of spatial price discrimination in bank lending. Loan rates decrease with the distance between the firm and the lending bank and increase with the distance between the firm and competing banks. Transportation costs cause the spatial price discrimination we observe.
The pattern of History of Psychology teaching on British undergraduate Psychology courses

Teaching of History of Psychology is likely to become increasingly important as the British Psychological Society’s 2002 guidelines for approved undergraduate courses are implemented. Results of a survey of History of Psychology teaching during the academic year 1999–2000 are summarised and discussed in the light of these new requirements. While now slightly dated, there is no reason to believe the situation has radically changed since these data were gathered. They suggest that only about a third of courses currently include substantial coverage of the topic and that the approaches and agendas of this teaching vary widely. Only a small minority actually appear to engage History of Psychology as an active and important sub–discipline in its own right. A variety of problems related to increasing the level and quality of History of Psychology content are identified and some tentative suggestions offered regarding the way forward.