Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of early salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, infestation and differences in survival and marine growth of sea-ranched Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., smolts 1997–2009

The impact of salmon lice on the survival of migrating Atlantic salmon smolts was studied by comparing the adult returns of sea-ranched smolts treated for sea lice using emamectin benzoate or substance EX with untreated control groups in the River Dale in western Norway. A total of 143 500 smolts were released in 35 release groups in freshwater from 1997 to 2009 and in the fjord system from 2007 to 2009. The adult recaptures declined gradually with release year and reached minimum levels in 2007. This development corresponded with poor marine growth and increased age at maturity of ranched salmon and in three monitored salmon populations and indicated unfavourable conditions in the Norwegian Sea. The recapture rate of treated smolts was significantly higher than the controls in three of the releases performed: the only release in 1997, one of three in 2002 and the only group released in sea water in 2007. The effect of treating the smolts against salmon lice was smaller than the variability in return rates between release groups, and much smaller that variability between release years, but its overall contribution was still significant (P < 0.05) and equivalent to an odds ratio of the probability of being recaptured of 1.17 in favour of the treated smolts. Control fish also tended to be smaller as grilse (P = 0.057), possibly due to a sublethal effect of salmon lice.
A multiple-model probability hypothesis density filter for tracking maneuvering targets

Tracking multiple targets with uncertain target dynamics is a difficult problem, especially with nonlinear state and/or measurement equations. With multiple targets, representing the full posterior distribution over target states is not practical. The problem becomes even more complicated when the target number varies, in which case the dimensionality of the state space itself becomes a discrete random variable. The Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) filter, which propagates only the first-order statistical moment (or the PHD) of the full target posterior, has been shown to be a computationally efficient solution to multitarget tracking problems with varying number of targets. The integral of PHD in any region of the state space gives the expected number of targets in that region. With maneuvering targets, detecting and tracking the changes in the target motion model also become important, but current PHD implementations do not provide a mechanism for handling this. The target dynamic model uncertainty can be resolved by assuming multiple models for possible motion modes and then combining the mode-conditioned estimates in a manner similar to the one used in the Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) estimator. In this paper a multiple model implementation of the PHD filter, which approximates the PHD by a set of weighted random samples propagated over time using Sequential Monte Carlo methods, is proposed. The resulting filter can handle nonlinear, non-Gaussian dynamics with uncertain model parameters in multisensor-multitarget tracking scenarios. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed filter over single-model PHD filters.
Prospects of CMOS technology for high-speed optical communication circuits

This paper explores the potential of CMOS technology for circuits operating at tens of gigahertz in an optical communications environment. An overview of modern CMOS processes is given and a generic optical system illustrating integration challenges is studied. The design of high-speed building blocks such as amplifiers, oscillators, and phase detectors is also described.
Prognostic significance of CD34 expression in childhood B-precursor acute lymphocytic leukemia: a Pediatric Oncology Group study.

We studied the blasts from 795 children greater than 1 year of age with newly diagnosed, untreated B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) for expression of the hematopoietic stem cell-associated antigen CD34. All cases were confirmed as B-lineage lymphoblastic leukemia by virtue of expression of CD19 and/or CD22, lack of T-cell antigens, and lack of surface-membrane immunoglobulin (Ig). The CD34 antigen was present in at least 10% of blast cells in 587 (73.8%) of the patients. There was no significant difference in presenting clinical characteristics between CD34+ and CD34- patients save for an increased incidence of CNS involvement at diagnosis in the latter. Patients with CD34+ leukemia were more likely to have blasts expressing CD22, CD9, and CD13 antigens but were less likely to coexpress CD20. Patients with pre-B (cytoplasmic mu) ALL were significantly more likely to lack CD34 on their blasts, while children with hyperdiploid ALL were more likely to be CD34+. Although remission induction rates were not significantly different between patients with CD34+ and CD34-ALL (P = .23), event-free survival was shorter for patients with CD34- leukemia (P = .0014). Even though CD34 expression was associated with certain other known prognostically favorable variables including hyperdiploidy and lack of cytoplasmic Ig, it had an independent favorable effect on treatment outcome, even after adjusting for competing prognostic factors.
Gastric cancer does not affect the expression of atrophy‐related genes in human skeletal muscle

Introduction: We evaluated the gene expression levels of atrogin‐1, MuRF1, myostatin, follistatin, activin A, and inhibin alpha in skeletal muscle samples of patients with gastric cancer and controls. Methods: We studied 38 cancer patients and 12 controls who underwent surgery for gastric adenocarcinoma and benign abdominal diseases, respectively. A biopsy specimen was obtained from the rectus abdominis muscle from all participants. The relative gene expression of atrogin‐1, MuRF1, myostatin, follistatin, activin A, and inhibin alpha was determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results: Atrogin‐1 and MuRF1 mRNA expression was similar between cancer patients and controls and was unaffected by the disease stage or the severity of body weight loss. Transcript levels of myostatin and follistatin did not differ between cases and controls and were similar across disease stages and categories of weight loss. Finally, no differences were detected in activin A and inhibin alpha gene expression between cancer patients and controls. Conclusions: In skeletal muscle, the gene expression of atrogin‐1, MuRF1, myostatin, follistatin, activin A, and inhibin alpha is not affected by the presence of cancer. The expression of atrophy‐related genes is unaffected by the disease stage and the degree of weight loss. Muscle Nerve 49:528–533, 2014
The Relation between Self-Esteem, Parenting Style and Social Anxiety in Girls.

This study is an attempt to explore the relationship between self-esteem, parenting style and social anxiety in girls. A sample of 100 female students selected from different schools. For data collection Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, Parental Authority Questionnaire and Rosenberg’s Self Esteem Scales were used together with demographic sheet. The results indicated that social anxiety has negative correlation with self-esteem but not significant. Further, it indicates that low self-esteem would cause social anxiety and authoritative style of parenting would leads towards social anxiety in girls. Social anxiety negatively correlated permissive type of parenting style. However, Pessimistic and Authoritative parenting styles both predict social anxiety among adolescents.
On spatial econometric models, spillover effects, and W

Spatial econometrics has recently been appraised in a theme issue of the Journal of Regional Science. Partridge et al. (2012) provide an overview of the three contributing papers, the most critical being Gibbons and Overman (2012). Although some of the critiques raised are valid, they are issues that can be overcome by improving applied spatial econometric work. There has been excessive use of so-called global spillover models and too much emphasis on statistical testing procedures. Theory or the specific context of the empirical application should be the main guide for specifying a model. Especially the so-called SLX model merits more attention, as it produces local spillovers that are different for each explanatory variable in the equation and it allows for the parameterization of the spatial weights matrix W. The latter is a key contribution since a major concern of spatial econometric modeling, as is thoroughly discussed in Corrado and Fingleton (2012), is the a priori specification of W. This paper highlights these issues with an empirical application and recently proposed approaches for selecting a model specification, which are useful and promising steps forward for applied work involving spatial econometrics.
Subtypes of Nonsocial Play and Psychosocial Adjustment in Malaysian Preschool Children

This study examined subtypes of nonsocial play and their relation to psychosocial adjustment in Malaysian preschool children (N = 141, 72 boys, M age = 4.65 years). Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that a three-factor model that distinguished social reticence, solitary-active play, and solitary-passive play fit the data reasonably well, and also fit the data better than the alternative one- and two-factor models. The distinction among the three subtypes of nonsocial play was found for both boys and girls. Controlling for children's age, gender, and parents' education, social reticence was related to teachers' ratings of anxious behavior, unsociability, and peer exclusion. Solitary-active play was associated with parents' ratings of inattentiveness, child difficultness, and teachers' ratings of hyperactivity–distractibility. Solitary-passive play was related to teachers' ratings of unsociability. The findings provide support for a multidimensional view of nonsocial play in Malaysian children.
Human detection in MOUT scenarios using covariance descriptors and supervised manifold learning

Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT) require the capability to perceive and to analyse the situation around a patrol in order to recognize potential threats. As in MOUT scenarios threats usually arise from humans one important task is the robust detection of humans. Detection of humans in MOUT by image processing systems can be very challenging, e.g., due to complex outdoor scenes where humans have a weak contrast against the background or are partially occluded. Porikli et al. introduced covariance descriptors and showed their usefulness for human detection in complex scenes. However, these descriptors do not lie on a vector space and so well-known machine learning techniques need to be adapted to train covariance descriptor classifiers. We present a novel approach based on manifold learning that simplifies the classification of covariance descriptors. In this paper, we apply this approach for detecting humans. We describe our human detection method and evaluate the detector on benchmark data sets generated from real-world image sequences captured during MOUT exercises.
CHARACTERISTICS OF OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHIC HYPERREFLECTIVE FOCI IN RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION

Purpose: To evaluate the hyperreflective foci in branch retinal vein occlusion and central retinal vein occlusion depicted by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: Consecutive series of 73 eyes of 73 patients with retinal vein occlusion (58 branch retinal vein occlusion and 15 central retinal vein occlusion) who had Spectralis OCT images obtained were retrospectively reviewed, comparing color fundus photographs and fluorescein angiography. Results: Hyperreflective foci were detected in 54 eyes (74.0%) by spectral-domain OCT, and hard exudates were detected in 17 eyes (23.3%) by color fundus photography. Hard exudates on the color photographs corresponded to the confluence of hyperreflective foci mainly around the outer plexiform layer in the unaffected areas on the spectral-domain OCT images, whereas fine hyperreflective foci were scattered in all retinal layers of the affected areas (P < 0.001). Most eyes with hyperreflective foci attached to the inner side of the external limiting membrane also had serous retinal detachment (P < 0.001). Compared with diabetic macular edema, we did not find subfoveal hard exudates in retinal vein occlusion. Conclusion: Hyperreflective foci delineated on spectral-domain OCT suggest the pathogenesis regarding the flow of extravasated blood constituents in retinal vein occlusion.
Sex differences and the role of sex hormones in face development and face processing

Sex differences have been identified in both external appearance of faces (e.g. Bulygina et al., 2006; Weston et al., 2007) and the way information about faces is extracted by our brains, that is in face processing (e.g. Tahmasebi et al., 2012; Hampson et al., 2006). The mechanisms leading to the development of such sex differences are not well understood. This thesis explores the role of sex hormones in face development and face processing. Data from two large-scale studies (Saguenay Youth Study and Imagen, with n=1,000 and 2,000, respectively) and four smaller datasets (Cycle-Pill Study, n=20; Pill Study, n=20; First Impression Study, n=120, and Twin Study, n=119) were used to explore the effects of sex and sex hormones on face development (head MR images, MRI-face reconstruction) and face processing (functional MRI data, eye-tracking data). Shape of male and female faces was influenced by both prenatal and pubertal androgens. Facial signature of prenatal androgens, identified by the sex-discordant twin design, was found also in an independent dataset of female adolescents (singletons) and we showed that prenatal androgens, indexed indirectly by the facial signature, were associated with larger brain size. We propose that this facial signature might be used, similarly to digit ratio, as an indirect index of prenatal androgens. Variability in postnatal sex hormones due to the use of oral contraception and the phase of menstrual cycle influenced brain response to faces. Using the same dynamic face stimuli as in the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we showed that eye-movements scanning the face did not differ between the users and non-users of oral contraception. We conclude that effects of sex hormones can be observed in both the face and the brain and that these effects help us understand sex differences in face shape and face processing. **This version does not contain the previously published journal articles reproduced in the printed thesis (appendices 1-3). For details see p. 188. **
Store Environment and Shopping Behavior

Abstract A model is proposed, which incorporates a cognitive process, imagery elaboration, within the basic Mehrabian-Russell (1974) environmental psychology framework. This model of the effects of store environment on the behavior of patrons also includes the motivations of shoppers as a covariate. The model is calibrated and tested using survey data collected from a large sample of shoppers, in two different international locations, as they leave after a shopping experience at a large, furniture store outlet. Evidence is found to support a sequence of effects acting on the shopper: from store environmental stimuli to emotional state, from emotion to imagery elaboration, and from elaboration to approach behavior. Furthermore, shopping motives are found to influence the link between imagery elaboration and in-store approach behavior. The overall sequence of effects is found to be similar in Hong Kong and American shoppers.
Throughput analysis of some ARQ protocols in the presence of feedback errors

Automatic-repeat-request (ARQ) protocols have been analyzed for quite some time, but the issue of errors in the feedback channel has not received much attention. In some applications, such as digital mobile communications, this issue can be important. Accordingly, this paper examines the effect of feedback errors on the throughputs of the stop-and-wait (SW), go-back-N (GBN), and selective repeat (SR) ARQ protocols for the ease of a point-to-point channel under some feedback information assumptions. It is shown that the deleterious effects of feedback errors on the throughputs of continuous (e.g., GBN and SR) ARQ protocols can be greatly reduced by a simple modification in the retransmission operation, provided that the "complete state" of the receiver is sent back with each acknowledgment.
State Estimation Over Wireless Channels Using Multiple Sensors: Asymptotic Behaviour and Optimal Power Allocation

This paper considers state estimation of linear systems using analog amplify and forwarding with multiple sensors, for both multiple access and orthogonal access schemes. Optimal state estimation can be achieved at the fusion center using a time varying Kalman filter. We show that in many situations, the estimation error covariance decays at a rate of $1/M$ when the number of sensors $M$ is large. We consider optimal allocation of transmission powers that 1) minimizes the sum power usage subject to an error covariance constraint and 2) minimizes the error covariance subject to a sum power constraint. In the case of fading channels with channel state information the optimization problems are solved using a greedy approach, while for fading channels without channel state information but with channel statistics available a sub-optimal linear estimator is derived.
Global radiation damage at 300 and 260 K with dose rates approaching 1 MGy s⁻¹.

Global radiation damage to 19 thaumatin crystals has been measured using dose rates from 3 to 680 kGy s⁻¹. At room temperature damage per unit dose appears to be roughly independent of dose rate, suggesting that the timescales for important damage processes are less than ∼1 s. However, at T = 260 K approximately half of the global damage manifested at dose rates of ∼10 kGy s⁻¹ can be outrun by collecting data at 680 kGy s⁻¹. Appreciable sample-to-sample variability in global radiation sensitivity at fixed dose rate is observed. This variability cannot be accounted for by errors in dose calculation, crystal slippage or the size of the data sets in the assay.
Investigation of Metallo Beta Lactamases and Oxacilinases in Carbapenem Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Isolated from Inpatients.

BACKGROUND Resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics is widespread among Acinetobacter strains. Plasmid-mediated metallo beta lactamases (MBL) are responsible for carbapenem resistance, as are oxacillinases (OXA). In recent years, MBL producing carbapenem-resistant strains have been reported in the world and in Turkey in increasing rates. In our country, besides the OXA 51-like enzyme which is inherent in A. baumannii strains, OXA 58-like and OXA 23-like carbapenemases producing strains have also been widely detected. In addition, Verona Imipenemase (VIM) and (IMP)-type MBL have been reported in some centers. AIMS The aim of our study was to investigate the presence of carbapenemases in Acinetobacter strains isolated from hospitalized patients in Edirne. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS A total of 52 imipenem-resistant A. baumannii strains isolated between January and March 2013 were investigated. The presence of MBL was described phenotypically by the combined disk diffusion test (CDDT), double disk synergy test (DDST), MBL E-test (only performed in 28 strains) and modified Hodge test. blaIMP, blaVIM, blaGIM, blaSIM, blaSPM genes and blaOXA-23, blaOXA-51, blaOXA-40, blaOXA-58 genes were investigated by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The blaNDM-1 gene was determined by PCR. RESULTS By modified Hodge test, 50 strains (96%) were found to be MBL positive. Positivity of MBL was 21% by both CDDT (0.1 M EDTA) and DDST. Twenty-four of 28 strains (85.7%) were positive by MBL E-test. OXA 23-like and OXA 51-like carbapenemases were detected in all strains, but OXA 58-like and OXA 40-like carbapenemases-producing A. baumannii were not detected. Also, MBL genes were not detected by genotypic methods. CONCLUSION Only OXA 23-like carbapenemase was responsible for carbapenem resistance in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter strains in Edirne. The MBL-producing Acinetobacter strain is not yet a problem in our hospital. MBL resistance was found by phenotyping tests, which must be confirmed by genotypic methods; multiplex PCR tests can be easily used for screening MBL.
Nature of Widely Separated Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies

In the complete sample of ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) compiled by D. C. Kim, about 5% consists of widely separated galaxies which are presumably in the early phase of interaction. This fact is contrary to the conventional view that ULIRGs are in the final stages of the merger of two gas-rich disk galaxies. We have undertaken high-resolution CO (J = 1-0) observations for the ultraluminous infrared galaxies that have nuclear separations larger than 20 kpc. We have detected CO emission in five out of six systems, but only in one component of the ULIRG pairs. Four of them have LINER spectral type and one galaxy has Seyfert 2 spectral type. In K′-band images these components are also brighter than the other components which have either H II region spectra or no detectable emission lines. Using the standard conversion factor, the molecular gas content is estimated to be a few times 1010 M☉, similar to that of the other ultraluminous galaxies. The result indicates that the galaxy containing the molecular gas is also the source of most, if not all, of the huge far-infrared luminosity of the system. The optical and K′-band imaging observations and optical spectra suggest multiple merger scenarios for one system. If the remaining systems are in an early stage of a binary tidal interaction, the commonly accepted interpretation of the ULIRG phenomenon as the final merger stage of two disk galaxies may need to be reexamined.
Explicit and Implicit Types of Communication: A Conceptualization of Intra-Team Communication in the Sport of Tennis

The present study examined the concept of intra-team communication, which engages two or more individuals in a message exchange. In this process the sender transmits ideas, knowledge, and thoughts to the receiving party, either a teammate or a team, via explicit (verbal) or implicit (nonverbal) channels. Since the team communication influences performance outcome (Fiore et al., 2001), the current study observed differences between more effective and less effective tennis teams in the game of doubles by inspecting communication patterns and counting message exchanges. Participants consisted of high skill players from NCAA Division I Florida State Women’s Tennis Team. They were involved in a competition condition where one doubles team contended against another. The matches were video and audio taped in order to capture communication that took place between and during the points. Following the matches, the participants were interviewed, so that remaining communication, which was not entirely captured during taping, could be revealed and data triangulated. To analyze communication data, Data Analysis Tool software (Jeong, 2003) was used. The results indicated that better performing teams used certain patterns more frequently (Action statement → Action statement, Uncertainty statement → Acknowledgement, and Factual statement → Action statement) than the worse performing teams. In addition, worse performing teams showed greater tendency towards using Non-task statement → Non-task statement pattern than the winning teams. This indicates that winning teams showed more capacity for problem solving and coordination than the losing teams. Also, winning teams were characterized by using ten significant patterns, while losing teams used only four. Besides, winning teams communicated twice as much than the losing teams. This finding is consistent with the previous research by Orasanu (1990) and Mosier and