Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Co-transcriptional RNA cleavage provides a failsafe termination mechanism for yeast RNA polymerase I

Ribosomal RNA, transcribed by RNA polymerase (Pol) I, accounts for most cellular RNA. Since Pol I transcribes rDNA repeats with high processivity and polymerase density, transcription termination is a critical process. Early in vitro studies proposed polymerase pausing by Reb1 and transcript release at the T-rich element T1 determined transcription termination. However recent in vivo studies revealed a ‘torpedo’ mechanism for Pol I termination: co-transcriptional RNA cleavage by Rnt1 provides an entry site for the 5′–3′ exonuclease Rat1 that degrades Pol I-associated transcripts destabilizing the transcription complex. Significantly Rnt1 inactivation in vivo reveals a second co-transcriptional RNA cleavage event at T1 which provides Pol I with an alternative termination pathway. An intact Reb1-binding site is also required for Rnt1-independent termination. Consequently our results reconcile the original Reb1-mediated termination pathway as part of a failsafe mechanism for this essential transcription process.
Hormonal Fluctuations during the Estrous Cycle Modulate Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression in the Uterus

Deletion of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) (Hmox1) locus in mice results in intrauterine lethality. The expression of the heme catabolizing enzyme encoded by this gene, namely HO-1, is required to successfully support reproductive events. We have previously observed that HO-1 acts at several key events in reproduction ensuring pregnancy. HO-1 defines ovulation, positively influences implantation and placentation, and ensures fetal growth and survival. Here, we embarked on a study aimed to determine whether hormonal changes during the estrous cycle in the mouse define HO-1 expression that may influence receptivity. We analyzed the serum levels of progesterone and estrogen by ELISA and HO-1 mRNA expression in uterus by real time RT-PCR at the metestrus, proestrus, estrus, and diestrus phases of the estrous cycle. Further, we studied the HO-1 protein expression by western blot upon hormone addition to cultured uterine AN3 cells. We observed that HO-1 variations in uterine tissue correlated to changes in hormonal levels at different phases of the estrus cycle. In vitro, HO-1 protein levels in AN3 cells augmented after the addition of physiological concentrations of progesterone and estradiol, which confirmed our in vivo observations. Our data suggest an important role for hormones in HO-1 regulation in uterus during receptivity, a process known to have a significant impact in receptivity and later on blastocyst implantation.
Communal Versus Individual Learning of a Math-Estimation Task: African American Children and the Culture of Learning Contexts

The authors compared the performance of 78 African American 5th-grade students who studied a math-estimation task in one of two learning contexts. Learning contexts differed in the degree to which they afforded the expression of communalism. ANCOVA confirmed that posttest performance was best for students who studied in the high communal-learning context. The findings support A. W. Boykin's (1994) contention that the cultural context of learning can be a critical mediator of children's performance.
Bayesian Analysis of Phoneme Confusion Matrices

This paper presents a parametric Bayesian approach to the statistical analysis of phoneme confusion matrices measured for groups of individual listeners in one or more test conditions. Two different bias problems in conventional estimation of mutual information are analyzed and explained theoretically. Evaluations with synthetic datasets indicate that the proposed Bayesian method can give satisfactory estimates of mutual information and response probabilities, even for phoneme confusion tests using a very small number of test items for each phoneme category. The proposed method can reveal overall differences in performance between two test conditions with better power than conventional Wilcoxon significance tests or conventional confidence intervals. The method can also identify sets of confusion-matrix cells that are credibly different between two test conditions, with better power than a similar approximate frequentist method.
Deinfluentization and self‐monitoring as influence regulation tactics of Polish women and men managers

Purpose – According to the situational theories of leadership managers should adapt their influence tactics to situational demands but there is still a constant problem with managerial influence because managers using influence (whether “hard” or “soft”) mostly “cling” to it. The paper examines how managers regulate their influences with the help of deinfluentization (DEI) – the ability to consciously withdraw one's influence and self‐monitoring (S‐M) – the ability to regulate one's image in the presence of others and to compare women's and men's managerial abilities.Design/methodology/approach – Research work was conducted in one of the largest electro‐energy organization's /N=169 managers/ as a part of regular annual managers' appraisal procedure. A S‐M scale was used, scale of managers's influence and DEI scales that the author had constructed.Findings – Analysis revealed different patterns of DEI and S‐M connected with high and low appraisal. High DEI and high self‐monitors were perceived as the most .
A reciprocal and longitudinal investigation of the innovation process: the central role of shared vision in product and process innovation teams (PPITs)

Summary This research longitudinally investigates the innovation process by examining the relationship between innovation effectiveness, shared vision, and product and process innovation team (PPIT) dynamics in the innovation process. The research was conducted with a sample of 71 PPITs. Results indicate that when teams are charged with implementation of sophisticated innovation, a complex set of team dynamics is set in motion. Our results indicate that innovation effectiveness and shared vision are reciprocally and longitudinally related and that shared vision and team dynamics are also reciprocally and longitudinally related. As such, this research suggests that shared vision occupies a core role in the team innovation process. Copyright # 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retrieval of Atmospheric and Surface Parameters from AIRS/AMSU/HSB Data Under Cloudy Conditions

New state of the art methodology is described to analyze AIRS/AMSU/HSB data in the presence of multiple cloud formations. The methodology forms the basis for the AIRS Science Team algorithm which will be used to analyze AIRS/AMSU/HSB data on EOS Aqua. The cloud clearing methodology requires no knowledge of the spectral properties of the clouds. The basic retrieval methodology is general and extracts the maximum information from the radiances, consistent with the channel noise covariance matrix. The retrieval methodology minimizes the dependence of the solution on the first guess field and the first guess error characteristics. Results are shown for AIRS Science Team simulation studies with multiple cloud formations. These simulation studies imply that clear column radiances can be reconstructed under partial cloud cover with an accuracy comparable to single spot channel noise in the temperature and water vapor sounding regions, temperature soundings can be produced under partial cloud cover with RMS errors on the order of, or better than, 1deg K in 1 km thick layers from the surface to 700 mb, 1 km layers from 700 mb to 300 mb, 3 km layers from 300 mb to 30 mb, and 5 km layers from 30 mb to 1 mb, and moisture profiles can be obtained with an accuracy better than 20% absolute errors in 1 km layers from the surface to nearly 200 mb.
Public opinion towards the lay magistracy and the sentencing council guidelines: the effects of information on attitudes

Public opinion surveys have long documented public criticism of ‘lenient’ sentencers. There are two principal perceptions contributing to negative attitudes: a lack of community input and the view that sentencers determine sentence according to their own views. This study embeds an experimental design within a representative survey of respondents in England and Wales (n = 1,004), supplemented by laboratory-based work (n = 230) and focus groups. Results demonstrated that the public is ill-informed about both the magistracy and the sentencing guidelines. In addition, providing information about sentencing changed public attitudes to sentencing and reduced public punitiveness. Respondents were less critical of disposals and less punitive in their own sentence recommendations when they had been given context about the structure of sentencing.
Tactical Uses of Narratives in Nursery School Same-Sex Groups

Researchers have been interested in personal experience narratives as political activity (M. H. Goodwin, 1990a, 1990b) and as a medium of gender socialization (Ely, Gleason, & McCabe, 1996). To investigate whether American middle-class preschoolers utilize narratives to accomplish hierarchical forms of social organization in friendship groups and whether there are gender differences in this deployment, an ethnographic study of 4-year-olds in a nursery school classroom was undertaken. Same-sex friendship groups were identified. Personal experience narratives were extracted from spontaneous conversations audiotaped during free play. The girls' narratives concerned past and anticipated stay-overs at one anothers' houses, differentially allowed participation of high- and low-status group members, and contained troubles talk and other emotion displays. The boys' narratives referenced forbidden activities and socialized apparently valued emotion displays in boys' peer culture. Both girls and boys used personal experience narratives to en-gage others and accomplish hierarchical social organization but in different ways.
Effects of sleep restriction, sleep inertia, and overload on complex cognitive performance before and after workload transition

We describe performance models and meta-analytic data in a period before and after an unexpected workload transition typical, for example, of a catastrophic automation failure, experienced by a fatigued operator. We first present meta-analytic findings on the effects of sleep restriction and sleep inertia on the complex cognitive performance that might typify such a “failure response”. We then present a workload overload task management model whose parameters are based on meta-analyses, relevant to predicting multi-task performance in the post-transition phase performance (independent of sleep disruption effects). We cite the lack of research intersecting these two areas.
The Importance of Genetic and Shared Environmental Factors for the Associations between Job Demands, Control, Support and Burnout

Within occupational health research, one of the most influential models is the Job Demands-Control-Support model. Numerous studies have applied the model to different domains, with both physical and psychological health outcomes, such as burnout. The twin design provides a unique and powerful research methodology for examining the effects of environmental risk factors on burnout while taking familial factors (genetic and shared environment) into account. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of familial factors on the associations of burnout with job demands, control and support. A total of 14 516 individuals from the Swedish Twin Registry, who were born between 1959 and 1986, and who participated in the Study of Twin Adults: Genes and Environment (STAGE) by responding to a web-based questionnaire in 2005, were included in the analyses. Of these, there were 5108 individuals in complete same-sex twin pairs. Co-twin control analyses were performed using linear mixed modeling, comparing between-pairs effects and within-pair effects, stratified also by zygosity and sex. The results indicate that familial factors are of importance in the association between support and burnout in both women and men, but not between job demands and burnout. There are also tendencies towards familial factors being involved in the association between control and burnout in men. These results offer increased understanding of the mechanisms involved in the associations between work stress and burnout.
A META‐ANALYSIS OF THE PREDICTORS OF ADULT OFFENDER RECIDIVISM: WHAT WORKS!*

Meta-analytic techniques were used to determine which predictor domains and actuarial assessment instruments were the best predictors of adult offender recidivism. One hundred and thirty-one studies produced 1,141 correlations with recidivism. The strongest predictor domains were criminogenic needs, criminal history/history of antisocial behavior, social achievement, age/gender/race, and family factors. Less robust predictors included intellectual functioning, personal distress factors, and socioeconomic status in the family of origin. Dynamic predictor domains performed at least as well as the static domains. The LSI-R was identified as the most useful actuarial measure. Recommendations for developing sound assessment practices in corrections are provided.
Monocular vs. Binocular Measurement of Spatial Vision in Elders

Purpose. To evaluate the frequency and magnitude of binocular gain (and loss) for high-contrast acuity, various low-contrast spatial vision measures and contrast sensitivity in an elderly population. Methods. Ninety-five individuals over the age of 70 (mean age 80.5 years, range, 71.8 to 93.5) with acuity of 20/40 (logMAR 0.3) or better in at least one eye participated. Each individual was tested binocularly and then monocularly on high-contrast acuity, various low-contrast acuity measures, and contrast sensitivity. Binocular gain for acuity measures was defined as better performance by one line or more under binocular conditions than with the better eye alone. Binocular loss was defined as poorer performance by one line or more binocularly than with the better eye alone. For contrast sensitivity, the criterion for binocular gain or loss was one letter triplet (0.15 log unit) or more difference. For each measure, the frequency of binocular gain and loss, as well as the mean gain or loss were determined. Results. The mean difference between binocular and better eye monocular acuity was <2 letters for all measures, suggesting little gain or loss. However, the percent of individuals showing a line or more of gain or loss ranged from approximately 20% for high-contrast acuity to 49.5% for low-contrast acuity at low luminance. This indicates that for 1/5 to ½ of individuals, binocular vision is not well represented by monocular vision measures. All low contrast measures and contrast sensitivity show more binocular gain/loss than standard acuity. As has been previously reported, in the presence of large interocular differences, binocular gain is not seen, but binocular loss does not necessarily occur. Conclusions. For a significant portion of this elderly population, binocular performance is not well represented by better eye monocular measures. This indicates that to get a true sense of an individual';s vision function in daily life, one must measure vision binocularly.
Superalgebra for M-theory on a pp-wave

We study the superalgebra of the M-theory on a fully supersymmetric pp-wave. We identify the algebra as the special unitary Lie superalgebra, su(2|4;2,0) or su(2|4;2,4), and analyze its root structure. We discuss the typical and atypical representations deriving the typicality condition explicitly in terms of the energy and other four quantum numbers. We classify the BPS multiplets preserving 4, 8, 12, 16 real supercharges and obtain the corresponding spectrum. We show that in the BPS multiplet either the lowest energy floor is a su(2) singlet or the highest energy floor is a su(4) singlet.
Mast Cell Synapses and Exosomes: Membrane Contacts for Information Exchange

In addition to their central role in allergy, mast cells are involved in a wide variety of cellular interactions during homeostasis and disease. In this review, we discuss the ability of mast cells to extend their mechanisms for intercellular communication beyond the release of soluble mediators. These include formation of mast cell synapses on antigen presenting surfaces, as well as cell–cell contacts with dendritic cells and T cells. Release of membrane bound exosomes also provide for the transfer of antigen, mast cell proteins, and RNA to other leukocytes. With the recognition of the extended role mast cells have during immune modulation, further investigation of the processes in which mast cells are involved is necessary. This reopens mast cell research to exciting possibilities, demonstrating it to be an immunological frontier.
The Generation Effect: Delineation of a Phenomenon

Five experiments are reported comparing memory for words that were generated by the subjects themselves with the same words when they were simply presented to be read. In all cases, performance in the generate condition was superior to that in the read condition. This held for measures of cued and uncued recognition, free and cued recall, and confidence ratings. The phenomenon persisted across variations in encoding rules, timed or selfpaced presentation, presence or absence of test information, and between- or within-subjects designs. The effect was specific to the response items under recognition testing but not under cued recall. A number of potential explanatory principles are considered, and their difficulties enumerated. It is concluded that the generation effect is real and that it poses an interesting interpretative problem. This is an empirically oriented article whose purpose is to report a set of simple experiments that establish the existence of a robust and interesting phenomenon of memory. This phenomenon, called the generation effect, is robust in that it manifests itself across a variety of testing procedures, encoding rules, and other situational changes. It is interesting in that it does not seem to be easily or satisfactoril y accommodated by any of the currently familiar explanatory notions. We expect that once the phenomenon is described in its initial form, it will be the subject of wider experimental analysis and will eventually become better understood. In contrast to the usual objective reasons for embarking upon a line of research, the present work was neither initiated by any extant theoretical issue nor inspired by any previously published findings. It was carried out with the sole purpose of arriving at a
Case-control study of severe life threatening asthma (SLTA) in a developing community

Background: Distinct risk factors for asthma death have not been identified in developing communities. This study was conducted to distinguish risk factors for severe life threatening asthma (SLTA), a proxy for asthma death, in a developing country. Methods: A case-control study was performed at a University Hospital serving developing communities in the Western Cape Province, South Africa, over the period October 1997 to April 2000. Thirty consecutive patients with SLTA admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) were compared with 60 chronic asthmatic patients, without a history of SLTA, who had attended the hospital outpatient respiratory clinic over the same period. Results: The risk of SLTA in comparison with controls increased with female sex (odds ratio (OR) 3.3, 95% CI 1.2 to 9.6, p = 0.02), rural residence (OR 8.1, 95% CI 2.6 to 25.3, p = 0.0005), and absence of a formal income (OR 5.7, 95% CI 2 to 16.6, p = 0.002). Cases were more likely to have had more than one hospital admission in the previous year (OR 8, 95% CI 2.5 to 25.2, p = 0.0009) and more than one emergency room visit in the previous year (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.19 to 16.4, p = 0.04). Patients with SLTA were less likely to use inhaled corticosteroids (OR 5.6, 95% CI 1.9 to 16.5, p = 0.003) and more likely to use inhaled fenoterol (OR 6, 95% CI 2.2 to 16.2, p = 0.0004). Patients with SLTA also had lower mean (SE) forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) measurements (66.9 (9.5)% predicted v 82.5 (4.0)% predicted; p = 0.03) and lower FEV1/FVC ratios (60.7 (4.1)% predicted v 69.6 (1.9)% predicted; p = 0.05) documented before the episode of SLTA. Conclusions: Risk factors for SLTA that are mainly analogous to those distinguished in other environments have been identified in a geographical area characterised by a third world socioeconomic context. Rural residence and poverty may increase the risk of SLTA.
Painting the Prison ‘Red’: Constructing and Experiencing Aboriginal Identities in Prison

Dominant Western paradigms of the social work profession have largely failed to integrate Aboriginal traditional knowledges and practices on healing and helping. This paper contributes to the promotion of a context-based approach to social work in prison by examining Aboriginality from both institutional and individual points of view. Drawing on documentary analyses and interviews with Aboriginal women prisoners in Canada, the paper sheds light on the prison’s endorsement of a hegemonic vision of Aboriginality, and on social work practitioners’ inclination to adhere to it. Conversely, we argue that Aboriginal women prisoners negotiate their passage into prison through Aboriginal self-identification configurations that often have little in common with the prison’s vision of Aboriginality. Service delivery in prison may be enhanced by considering individual modes of resisting identity-based oppression in prison, and by challenging prisons’ master narrative on Aboriginality.
Job Conditions and Wellness of German Secondary School Teachers

The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between job conditions of teachers and wellness/health-related outcomes in a sample of 297 German secondary school teachers on the basis of the expanded Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS) model. The data were collected in spring and summer 1999. The German data were compared with a European reference file (N = 1 884) as well as with an existing German norm group. A hierarchical regression shows job demands to be a relevant predictor for the health outcomes, while social support only predicts job satisfaction and single effects of control seem to be overwritten by more powerful predictors, especially physical exertion and meaningfulness of work. No significant interactions were found. It is concluded that additional job conditions not yet included in the JDCS model could add an important contribution and that different job conditions are predictive for different outcomes.
NetAgg: Using Middleboxes for Application-specific On-path Aggregation in Data Centres

Data centre applications for batch processing (e.g. map/reduce frameworks) and online services (e.g. search engines) scale by distributing data and computation across many servers. They typically follow a partition/aggregation pattern: tasks are first partitioned across servers that process data locally, and then those partial results are aggregated. This data aggregation step, however, shifts the performance bottleneck to the network, which typically struggles to support many-to-few, high-bandwidth traffic between servers. Instead of performing data aggregation at edge servers, we show that it can be done more efficiently along network paths. We describe NETAGG, a software platform that supports on-path aggregation for network-bound partition/aggregation applications. NETAGG exploits a middlebox-like design, in which dedicated servers (agg boxes) are connected by high-bandwidth links to network switches. Agg boxes execute aggregation functions provided by applications, which alleviates network hotspots because only a fraction of the incoming traffic is forwarded at each hop. NETAGG requires only minimal application changes: it uses shim layers on edge servers to redirect application traffic transparently to the agg boxes. Our experimental results show that NETAGG improves substantially the throughput of two sample applications, the Solr distributed search engine and the Hadoop batch processing framework. Its design allows for incremental deployment in existing data centres and incurs only a modest investment cost.