Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dieting, Perceived Deprivation, and Preoccupation with Food

A prospective study using 14-day food diaries was conducted to determine whether perceived deprivation and preoccupation with food correspond to actual caloric and fat intake, using a sample of 121 adult women who were binge eating without purging or were currently dieting. Caloric and fat intake were not significantly related to perceived deprivation. Only weight cycling and Revised Restraint Scale was significantly correlated with perceived deprivation with 11% of the variation explained by the Revised Restraint Scale scores. These findings support the contention that psychological deprivation occurs regardless of caloric intake. For preoccupation with food, only fat intake and Revised Restraint Scale scores were significantly correlated with 15% of the variance explained by the Revised Restraint Scale scores.
Understanding in Anthropology: A Philosophical Reminder [and Comments and Replies]

The task of anthropology consists in describing and explaining cultures and ultimately reaching an understanding of them through interpretation. The practical difficulties of this are obvious to all those who have dealth with members of another culture. As Malinowski observed, the anthropologist's task is to be "the interpreter of the native. " It is suggested that some of the principles elucidated in the philosophical discipline of hermeneutics, such as understanding in context as opposed to preunderstanding and the dialectical relationship between the interpreter and the object of interpretation, may be helpful in defining the essential problems that anthropologists may encounter in their attempts to interpret cultures.
Predictive speed-loop controller design for a synchronous reluctance drive system

This paper proposes a PI current-loop controller and a predictive speed-loop controller for a synchronous reluctance drive system. To demonstrate the viability, a 560 W synchronous reluctance drive system, controlled by a TMS-320-F-28335 DSP, is implemented. Experimental results clearly show that the system offers satisfactory performance. It can be applied for industry due to its simplicity.
Work participation among persons with traumatic spinal cord injury and meningomyelocele1.

OBJECTIVE To study injury-related and individual factors as predictors of work participation in persons with traumatic and congenital spinal cord injury. DESIGN Cross-sectional questionnaire study. SUBJECTS One hundred and eighty-two persons with traumatic spinal cord injury treated in the Spinal Injuries Unit in Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden, and 48 persons with meningomyelocele admitted to the Young Adult Teams in Göteborg, Borås and Skövde, Sweden. METHODS A structured questionnaire was sent by post. Main outcome variable was participation in work. Logistic regression modelling was used to study the associations between the potential predictors and work participation. RESULTS Employment rates were 47% in the traumatic spinal cord injury group and 38% in the meningomyelocele group. The presence of other somatic or mental disorder, and neuropathic pain decreased work participation among the men with traumatic spinal cord injury. Among persons with meningomyelocele, better ambulatory status and higher educational level increased work participation. In all groups higher independence in daily activities increased the probability of work participation. According to multivariable modelling carried out for the men with traumatic spinal cord injury, age over 55 years and the presence of mental disorder decreased work participation. CONCLUSION Our data show that work participation is affected by individual and injury-related factors. Of the latter, many can be affected by rehabilitation.
Coffee, Tea or …?: Gender and Politeness in Computer Mediated Communication (CMC)

Research shows that electronic communication has affected written language significantly. The increasing importance of use of Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) in organizations has multiple implications for use of written language at workplace. This study focuses on the influence of gender and politeness on writing style in CMC, specifically work related emails, in the Indian context. Grice’s Cooperative Principle (CP) and Leech’s maxims of Politeness have been used to analyze samples of 494 work related emails written by both men and women. On the basis of this analysis, an attempt has been made to study the relationship between gender, politeness and email content. On the basis of the data, it is concluded that: 1. Different politeness maxims across genders are used in work related emails. 2. Politeness maxims are used in clusters. 3. Variations in use of politeness maxims across genders are highest in directives. 4. Violations of politeness maxims are higher in men than in women.
Placental expression of DC‐SIGN may mediate intrauterine vertical transmission of HIV

Mechanisms of transplacental transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are poorly understood. DC‐SIGN is a C‐type lectin able to bind HIV gp120 with high affinity, mediating HIV adsorption to the surface of dendritic cells for up to several days. Via this mechanism, DC‐SIGN significantly enhances the infection of CD4+ co‐receptor (CCR5 or CXCR4)+ T lymphocytes in trans. In this study, DC‐SIGN‐specific serum was developed to investigate the cell type responsible for the high level of DC‐SIGN RNA expression previously observed in the placenta. DC‐SIGN expression was shown on CD68+ HLA‐II+ CD14low S100+/− CD83− CD86− cmrf‐44− villous cells consistent with Hofbauer cells and also on CD68+ HLA‐II+ CD14high S100− CD83− CD86− cmrf‐44− decidual macrophages. The DC‐SIGN+ Hofbauer cells co‐express CD4 and the chemokine receptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, observations which may account for the ability of these cells to become infected with HIV. These fetal DC‐SIGN+ cells are separated by only a layer of trophoblast from both DC‐SIGN+ maternal cells and maternal blood, potential sources of HIV in infected mothers. Previous studies have suggested that this trophoblast layer is frequently breached during pregnancy. It is therefore proposed that DC‐SIGN may facilitate the transplacental transmission of HIV. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A proteomics study of in vitro cyst germination and appressoria formation in Phytophthora infestans

A proteomics study using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) and mass spectrometry was performed on Phytophthora infestans. Proteins from cysts, germinated cysts and appressoria grown in vitro were isolated and separated by 2‐DE. Statistical quantitative analysis of the protein spots from five independent experiments of each developmental stage revealed significant up‐regulation of ten spots on gels from germinated cysts compared to cysts. Five spots were significantly up‐regulated on gels from appressoria compared to germinated cysts and one of these up‐regulated spots was not detectable on gels from cysts. In addition, one spot was significantly down‐regulated and another spot not detectable on the gels from appressoria. The corresponding proteins to 13 of these spots were identified with high confidence using tandem mass spectrometry and database searches. The functions of the proteins that were up‐regulated in germinated cysts and appressoria can be grouped into the following categories: protein synthesis (e.g. a DEAD box RNA helicase), amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism and reactive oxygen species scavenging. The spot not detected in appressoria was identified as the P. infestans crinkling‐ and necrosis‐inducing protein CRN2. The identified proteins are most likely involved in the establishment of the infection of the host plant.
Functional skewing of the global CD8 T cell population in chronic hepatitis B virus infection

The inflamed liver in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (CHB) is characterized by a large influx of non–virus-specific CD8 T cells. Little is known about the functional capacity of these lymphocytes, which could provide insights into mechanisms of failure of viral control and liver damage in this setting. We compared the effector function of total circulating and intrahepatic CD8 T cells in CHB patients and healthy donors. We demonstrated that CD8 T cells from CHB patients, regardless of their antigen specificity, were impaired in their ability to produce interleukin-2 and proliferate upon TCR-dependent stimulation. In contrast, these CD8 T cells had preserved production of the proinflammatory cytokines interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α. This aberrant functional profile was partially attributable to down-regulation of the proximal T cell receptor signaling molecule CD3ζ, and could be corrected in vitro by transfection of CD3ζ or replenishment of the amino acid arginine required for its expression. We provide evidence for depletion of arginine in the inflamed hepatic microenvironment as a potential mechanism for these defects in global CD8 T cell signaling and function. These data imply that polarized CD8 T cells within the HBV-infected liver may impede proliferative antiviral effector function, while contributing to the proinflammatory cytokine environment.
HOT GASEOUS CORONAE AROUND SPIRAL GALAXIES: PROBING THE ILLUSTRIS SIMULATION

The presence of hot gaseous coronae around present-day massive spiral galaxies is a fundamental prediction of galaxy formation models. However, our observational knowledge remains scarce, since to date only four gaseous coronae have been detected around spirals with massive stellar bodies ( ≳ 2 × 10 11 M ⊙ ? > ). To explore the hot coronae around lower mass spiral galaxies, we utilized Chandra X-ray observations of a sample of eight normal spiral galaxies with stellar masses of ( 0.7 − 2.0 ) × 10 11 M ⊙ ? > . Although statistically significant diffuse X-ray emission is not detected beyond the optical radii (∼20 kpc) of the galaxies, we derive 3σ limits on the characteristics of the coronae. These limits, complemented with previous detections of NGC 1961 and NGC 6753, are used to probe the Illustris Simulation. The observed 3σ upper limits on the X-ray luminosities and gas masses exceed or are at the upper end of the model predictions. For NGC 1961 and NGC 6753 the observed gas temperatures, metal abundances, and electron density profiles broadly agree with those predicted by Illustris. These results hint that the physics modules of Illustris are broadly consistent with the observed properties of hot coronae around spiral galaxies. However, one shortcoming of Illustris is that massive black holes, mostly residing in giant ellipticals, give rise to powerful radio-mode active galactic nucleus feedback, which results in under-luminous coronae for ellipticals.
Selecting Literacy Approaches in Braille for Students with Visual Impairments

Braille literacy presents multiple challenges for teachers of students with visual impairments (TSVI), classroom teachers, educational assistants, students’ with visual impairments, and for their family members. As the braille code has evolved over the years so does the instructional braille method. The choice of instructional braille method depends on several factors, for example the degree of vision loss, learning styles, needs, and capabilities of students with visual impairments. A qualitative study, interviewing two itinerant vision teachers or teacher of students who are visually impaired (TSVI) from two different school boards, revealed some braille literacy instructional methods that are used for braille acquisition. This study further explores the role of TSVI, classroom teacher, peers in class and parents play in fostering braille literacy environment.
Lipids From proprotein convertase subtilisin / kexin type 9 to its inhibition : state-ofthe-art and clinical implications

Systematic Investigation and Research on Interventions and Outcomes (SIRIO) MEDICINE Research Network, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, University of Nicolaus Copernicus, Toruń, Poland; Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, Bari, Italy; and Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Cardiology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Venous Thromboembolism: Risk Factors for Recurrence

Patients who have a first episode of venous thromboembolism (VTE) have an elevated risk of a recurrent episode, and this necessitates secondary prophylaxis. Anticoagulant therapy is a double-edged sword, however, as it reduces the risk of recurrent VTE but increases the risk of hemorrhage. This balance must be taken into account when assessing the risk-benefit ratio of long-term anticoagulation. Some clinical characteristics of the index VTE event can help to categorize the individual risk of recurrence. Patients with persistent risk factors such as cancer have a significantly higher risk of recurrent thrombosis. In contrast, VTE provoked by transient risk factors is associated with a lower risk of recurrence. Intrinsic features of patients with VTE (gender, age, hereditary thrombophilia) have also been linked to the risk of recurrent VTE. There is increasing evidence that a normal D-dimer level and the absence of residual venous thrombosis after discontinuation of oral anticoagulation are associated with a lower risk of recurrent VTE events. Future studies are needed to refine the predictive value of known risk factors for VTE recurrence and to discover better markers.
Optimal assignment methods in three-form planned missing data designs for longitudinal panel studies

Planned missing designs are becoming increasingly popular, but because there is no consensus on how to implement them in longitudinal research, we simulated longitudinal data to distinguish between strategies of assigning items to forms and of assigning forms to participants across measurement occasions. Using relative efficiency as the criterion, results indicate that balanced item assignment coupled with assigning different forms over time most often yields the optimal assignment method, but only if variables are reliable. We also address how practice effects can bias latent means. A second simulation demonstrates that (a) assigning different forms over time diminishes practice effects and (b) using planned-missing-data patterns as predictors of practice can remove bias altogether.
Parental Style

ABSTRACT This article presents a synthesis of our prior work in consumer socialization of children. We focus discussion on parents as consumer-socialization agents and offer a review of the effects of parents as agents of children's consumer socialization as moderated by parental styles. Our research has uncovered one particular parental style—“authoritatives”—that appears to be more engaged in consumer socialization. We also review the more limited work on how parental styles may actually influence children and suggest avenues for future research that incorporates the parental style framework. These additional research possibilities include investigating what inherent parental characteristics may account for regarding the unique consumer-socialization formats that parents may use with children.
The Upregulation of Translocator Protein (18 kDa) Promotes Recovery from Neuropathic Pain in Rats

At present, effective drug for treatment of neuropathic pain is still lacking. Recent studies have shown that the ligands of translocator protein (TSPO, 18 kDa), a peripheral receptor for benzodiazepine, modulate inflammatory pain. Here, we report that TSPO was upregulated in astrocytes and microglia in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn of rats following L5 spinal nerve ligation (L5 SNL), lasting until the vanishing of the behavioral signs of neuropathic pain (∼50 d). Importantly, a single intrathecal injection of specific TSPO agonists Ro5-4864 or FGIN-1-27 at 7 and 21 d after L5 SNL depressed the established mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia dramatically, and the effect was abolished by pretreatment with AMG, a neurosteroid synthesis inhibitor. Mechanically, Ro5-4864 substantially inhibited spinal astrocytes but not microglia, and reduced the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in vivo and in vitro. The anti-neuroinflammatory effect was also prevented by AMG. Interestingly, TSPO expression returned to control levels or decreased substantially, when neuropathic pain healed naturally or was reversed by Ro5-4864, suggesting that the role of TSPO upregulation might be to promote recovery from the neurological disorder. Finally, the neuropathic pain and the upregulation of TSPO by L5 SNL were prevented by pharmacological blockage of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). These data suggested that TSPO might be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Renal tubular function in patients with beta-thalassaemia major in Zahedan, southeast Iran.

INTRODUCTION In patients with beta-thalassaemia major, impaired biosynthesis of the beta-globin leads to accumulation of unpaired alpha-globin chain. Shortened red cell lifespan and iron overload cause functional and physiological abnormalities in various organ systems. Thus, in patients with beta-thalassaemia major, the most important cause of mortality and morbidity is organ failure due to deposits of iron. The aim of this study is to investigate renal tubular and glomerular functions in patients with beta-thalassaemia major. METHODS 166 subjects with beta-thalassaemia major (96 male, 70 female) were enrolled in the study. Fasting blood and 24-hour urine samples were obtained for haematological and biochemical analyses. RESULTS Patients with beta-thalassaemia major showed significant signs of renal tubulopathy, such as hypercalciuria (12.9 percent), proteinuria (8.6 percent), phosphaturia (9.2 percent), magnesiumuria (8.6 percent), hyperuricosuria (38 percent) and excretion of beta-2 microglobin (13.5 percent). We found that 95.1 percent of patients had iron overload (ferritin more than 1,000 ng/ml). CONCLUSION The determination of biochemical indices of renal function might help prevention of serious kidney damage before any clinical symptom is observed. Beta-thalassaemia patients present multiple renal abnormalities which may be due to iron overload. We suggest the appropriate chelation therapy and regular monitoring of the status of iron overload.
Neural precursors derived from human embryonic stem cells maintain long‐term proliferation without losing the potential to differentiate into all three neural lineages, including dopaminergic neurons

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells have the ability to renew themselves and differentiate into multiple cell types upon exposure to appropriate signals. In particular, the ability of hES cells to differentiate into defined neural lineages, such as neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, is fundamental to developing cell‐based therapies for neurodegenerative disorders and studying developmental mechanisms. However, the utilization of hES cells for basic and applied research is hampered by the lack of well‐defined methods to maintain their self‐renewal and direct their differentiation. Recently we reported that neural precursor (NP) cells derived from mouse ES cells maintained their potential to differentiate into dopaminergic (DA) neurons after significant expansion in vitro. We hypothesized that NP cells derived from hES cells (hES‐NP) could also undergo the same in vitro expansion and differentiation. To test this hypothesis, we passaged hES‐NP cells and analyzed their proliferative and developmental properties. We found that hES‐NP cells can proliferate approximately 380 000‐fold after in vitro expansion for 12 weeks and maintain their potential to generate Tuj1+ neurons, GFAP+ astrocytes, and O4+ oligodendrocytes as well as tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive (TH+) DA neurons. Furthermore, TH+ neurons originating from hES‐NP cells expressed other midbrain DA markers, including Nurr1, Pitx3, Engrail‐1, and aromatic l‐amino acid decarboxylase, and released significant amounts of DA. In addition, hES‐NP cells maintained their developmental potential through long‐term storage (over 2 years) in liquid nitrogen and multiple freeze–thaw cycles. These results demonstrate that hES‐NP cells have the ability to provide an expandable and unlimited human cell source that can develop into specific neuronal and glial subtypes.
Stress and Epilepsy: Multiple Models, Multiple Outcomes

Human studies show a link between stress and epilepsy, with stress causing an increase in seizure frequency and severity in patients with epilepsy. Many different animal model systems have been used to better understand this connection and the possible mechanisms involved. This review highlights the results of such studies relating stress and seizure susceptibility, with a focus on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and its relationship to seizure generation. The effects of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis mediators, acute stress, chronic stress, and early life stress on the seizure phenotype are summarized. Results suggest that stress has both anticonvulsive and proconvulsive properties, depending on the animal strain and the stress/seizure induction paradigm used. Attempts to interpret the stress-epilepsy literature must take these variables into account. The growing availability of genetically modified mice that carry either human epilepsy mutations or mutations in stress pathway genes now provide the opportunity to examine the relationship between stress and epilepsy more directly.
An In-depth Analysis of 3G Traffic and Performance

As the popularity of cellular network grows explosively, it is increasingly important to develop an in-depth understanding of characteristics of cellular traffic and performance. In this paper, we analyze cellular network traces of different generations from three major cities in China during 2010 and 2013 and a city in Southeast Asian country in 2013. We analyze (i) cellular traffic, (ii) throughput, round-trip time (RTT), and loss rate, and (iii) how they are affected by cellular modes, time, and geographic locations. We find the TCP performance in our traces is much worse than those reported in previous 3G measurement studies from North America and Europe likely due to more expensive cellular data plan and more limited cellular resources. We further use machine learning to diagnose reasons behind high RTT and losses, and identify major factors that limit TCP throughput. Our analysis shed light on important characteristics of cellular traffic and performance in large-scale cellular networks.
Marketing Externalities and Market Development

The authors use survey data from Bangladesh to present empirical evidence on externalities at household level sales decisions resulting from increasing returns to marketing. The increasing returns that arise from thick market effects and fixed costs imply that a trader is able to offer higher prices to producers if the marketed surplus is higher in villages. The semi-parametric estimates identify highly nonlinear own and cross commodity externality effects in the sale of farm households. The vegetable markets in villages with low marketable surplus seem to be trapped in segmented local market equilibrium. The analysis points to the coordination failure in farm sale decisions as a plausible explanation for the lack of development of rural markets even after market liberalization policies are implemented.