Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Post Keynesian approach to advertising and its relevance for the transition economies

The paper attempts to identify a coherent Post Keynesian approach to advertising. Although the neoclassical explanation of advertising cost is encapsulated by the Dorfman—Steiner theorem, and static in character, the Post Keynesian theory provides a realistic and dynamic framework within which advertising can be viewed as strategic investment of firms, financed by their retained profits. The empirical part of the paper analyzes the impact of the flow of profits on advertising outlays for firms in a transition economy and the results confirm the relevance of the Post Keynesian approach.
Managing Subdural Bleeding Associated With Rivaroxaban

Objective: To report 3 cases of subdural bleeding associated with rivaroxaban managed by 3-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC3). Case Summaries: Case 1 presented with a 1-cm thick subdural hematoma (SDH) 12 hours after her last dose of rivaroxaban. Case 2 presented with a right 1-cm acute right SDH with 2 to 3 mm of midline shift 24 hours after his last dose of rivaroxaban. Case 3 presented with a 1.8-cm thick right cerebral convexity hematoma 12 hours after her last dose of rivaroxaban. All patients received 23 to 35 units/kg PCC3 with 1 to 3 units of fresh frozen plasm (FFP) and demonstrated no progression in lesions measured by repeat computed tomography (CT). Two patients were discharged to rehabilitation facilities and 1 patient ultimately died due to the location of the lesion. Discussion: Rivaroxaban has no specific antidote. Current bleeding management strategies are based on expert opinion. The risks and benefits for differing strategies are unclear, and no clinical experience has been reported to date. These cases begin to illuminate differences among choices for managing bleeding associated with Xa inhibitors. Conclusion: In this case series, 25 to 35 units/kilogram PCC3 and FFP 1 to 3 units ceased rivaroxaban-associated bleeding without thrombogenic complications.
Organisational culture and commitment: a study of an Indian software organisation

Although it has been suggested that both organisational culture and organisational commitment are important topics of contemporary organisational significance, there has been little attempt to explore the dynamics of these two concepts by scholars. The study reported in this paper adopts a three perspective framework (Martin 1992, 2002) to explore the impact of organisational culture on organisational commitment in a context (software sector in India) that is renowned to be dynamic and people-centred. The study adopts ethnographic methods including in-depth interviews, observation and document analysis. The findings lead to the development of a range of insights into the integrated, differentiated and fragmented nature of organisational culture and the impact of these on the perception of linkages with organisational commitment. The paper argues that adopting all three perspectives of culture in the study of culture-commitment linkages in a single organisation reveals significant insights into the perceived associations, while at the same time highlighting the problematic nature of such relationships. The paper concludes with a series of implications for theory and practice.
Volunteer motivation and expectations prior to the XV commonwealth games in manchester, UK

The recruitment and management of volunteers to support the development of major sporting events has become a key factor in sports and has sports tourism implications in terms of the effects upon volunteering in the region by drawing upon volunteers from outside the immediate area. However, in order to mobilize and utilize such volunteers effectively it is necessary to understand the expectations of volunteers prior to an event. The authors analyse the findings of a quantitative survey of volunteers at the XVII Commonwealth Games in Manchester, 2002, undertaken prior the event. As well as confirming the sports tourism potential of mega-events as expressed through volunteering, management implications are derived with respect to fine-tuning the benefits which should be offered to volunteers.
A Possible Procedure for Analysing Quality Differentials in the Egg Market

In his recent paper Dr Bressler (1956) stated the opinion that the most pressing problem in agricultural marketing research is the analysis of quality differentials. ' He felt that these were particularly important in the egg market, and that an analysis of these differentials would be useful from the point of view of the Iowan farmers. In this paper I present one possible approach to this problem, based on some rather obvious economic ideas.
Elevation Of Striatal Interleukin‐6 and Serum Corticosterone Contents In Mptp‐Treated Mice

1. Changes in the content of striatal interleukins (IL‐1β and IL‐6) and serum corticosterone in relation to deterioration of the dopaminergic system induced by 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP; a dopaminergic neurotoxin; 20 mg/kg i.p., four administrations/12 h) in C57BL/6J mice were investigated.
Lateral organisation in nineteenth-century studio photographs is influenced by the direction of writing: A comparison of Iranian and Spanish photographs

The direction of reading has been found to have a significant effect upon aesthetic preference, with left-to-right readers showing a preference for stimuli with a rightward directionality while right-to-left readers prefer stimuli with a leftward directionality. This study looks at a large set of posed, studio photographs to study the cultural interaction between direction of reading and lateral organisation, comparing a corpus of 735 nineteenth-century photographs from Iran (right-to-left reading) with a similar corpus of 898 photographs from Spain (left-to-right readers). Five separate types of composition were studied: linear ordering, usually by height; couples; individuals posing by a chair; individuals posing by a table; and portraits. Lateral preferences were found for all five types of photograph, with the lateral organisation of Iranian photographs being the reverse of that in the Spanish photographs. These data provide support for the influence of direction of reading upon aesthetic organisation in naturalistically produced photographs.
Challenges in Defining Quality of Care for Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis: Defending Good Against Perfect

In an era of increasing preventive care complexity coupled with progressively shorter doctor visits, asymptomatic conditions such as osteoporosis (OP) can easily be neglected. Despite a reported reduction in fracture burden in the United States and Canada1,2, OP continues to be a condition that is both underdiagnosed and undertreated. In the United States, the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set statistics from the National Committee on Quality Assurance estimates that less than 25% of persons who incur fracture receive a bone-specific medication; a proportion that has remained essentially stagnant over the past 10 years. These US findings are quite similar to the low rates of OP treatment in Canada, as highlighted in the paper in this issue of The Journal by Majumdar and colleagues3. Glucocorticoids constitute the most commonly administered drugs that are associated with bone loss and higher fracture risk. Despite a clear time- and dose-dependent association of glucocorticoids with fracture risk4,5 and international guidelines that support a variety of pharmacotherapies for both primary and secondary prevention6,7,8,9, the prevention and treatment statistics are also rather dismal for glucocorticoid-induced OP (GIOP). Curtis and colleagues observed temporal improvement in the rates of treatment with nonestrogen bone-acting agents among chronic glucocorticoid users of an Aetna managed-care plan over a 5- to 6-year period10. However, even among postmenopausal women, the group at highest fracture risk, less than two-thirds were being treated in the early 2000s. Majumdar and colleagues, using much newer data from Canada, reported that only 25% of over 15,000 older adults receiving supraphysiologic prednisone were managed in accord with the latest guidelines. Thus, an underuse gap persists for GIOP prevention and treatment. Underuse of many evidence-based therapeutics for chronic conditions such as … Address correspondence to Dr. Saag, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. E-mail: Ksaag{at}uab.edu
Optimization of operating and investment costs of active management deployment in distribution networks

This paper introduces an original methodology for the co-optimization of operating and investments costs associated with the deployment of active management strategies in power distribution networks. The resulting large-scale optimization problem is solved using Benders decomposition. The concept is demonstrated using a module-based generic distribution system model. Case studies for different active management strategies (involving generation curtailment, reactive power compensation and transformer tap changers) and various DG penetration and density levels are presented and analyzed.
Resistance to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice which lack CYP2E1 expression.

CYP2E1 knockout mice (cyp2e1-/-) were used to investigate the involvement of CYP2E1 in the development of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity. Male cyp2e1-/- and wild-type (cyp2e1+/+) mice were given a single i.p. injection of 1 ml/kg (= 1.59 g/kg) CCl4 and 24 h later liver injury was assessed by elevations of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and histopathology. No significant increases in serum ALT and AST activities were observed in cyp2e1-/- mice when compared to wild-type counterparts after CCl4 exposure. No detectable abnormality in liver histology was found in cyp2e1-/- mice after CCl4 exposure. In contrast, CCl4 treatment resulted in 442- and 125-fold increases in serum ALT and AST activities, respectively, in wild-type mice. Consistent with the results of serum ALT and AST activities, severe hepatic damage was noted in livers of wild-type mice, indicating the importance of CYP2E1 in mediating the hepatic damage following CCl4 exposure in these mice. In addition, a dramatic decrease in CYP2E1-catalyzed p-nitrophenol activity and complete loss of immunoreactive CYP2E1 were observed in wild-type mice after CCl4 treatment, suggesting that CYP2E1 was degraded during the process of CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. These studies conclusively demonstrate that CYP2E1 is the major factor involved in the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.
Depressant effects of sexual rest on reproductive behavior and physiology in male rats.

Previous studies have shown that sexual experience stimulates reproductive behavior and physi- ology in male rats. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of sexual rest on the reproductive behavior and physiology of sexually experienced, male rats. Sexual experience was provided by five single-ejaculation mating tests. On the fifth mating test, the males were individually paired with a virgin, naturally estrous rat. Mating behavior and sperm transport were measured. Males were then randomly assigned to one of two groups. The group designated Sexually Active was mated 14 times during the subsequent 42 days. The other group of males was termed Sexually Rested during that 42 day period. On Day 46, all males were individually paired with a virgin, naturally estrous rat. Mating behavior and sperm transport were again measured. The behavioral measures revealed that sexual rest depressed the inter-intromission interval and ejacu- lation latency in sexually experienced males. In addition, sperm transport within the female reproductive tract was also reduced in females mated with Sexually Rested males. The weight of selected reproductive tissues in Sexually Active and Sexually Rested groups, and in a group of Sexually Inexperienced males was also determined. Sexual rest depressed the weight of the seminal vesicles, but not of the d. bulbocavernosus. However, the weight of both the seminal vesicles and d. bulbocavernosus of Sexually Rested rats was still greater than that of Sexually Inexperienced rats. The results of this experiment demonstrate that sexual rest causes a decline in measures of both reproductive behavior and physiology. The relevance of these findings to the lowered fecundity of seasonal breeders, at the start of the breeding period, is discussed.
Sports managers and subsidies

The traditional instrument of sports policy is subsidisation. Given that sports constitute imperfect public goods, they benefit from government subsidies in order to overcome the classic problem of underprovision. The government grants subsidies in accordance with its sports policy, but since this policy is developed and unveiled at election time, i.e., for electoral purposes, its implementation lacks the rationale of the election manifesto; in reality, the allocations are driven by the demand for, and supply of, public funds. In this paper, we analyse the demand for subsidies. We investigate the characteristics of sports club managers as demand determinants of public subsidy, using data from a questionnaire distributed among a sample of these managers.
Discriminative, predictive and evaluative properties of the simplified stroke rehabilitation assessment of movement instrument in patients with stroke.

OBJECTIVE To justify the utility of the Simplified Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement Instrument (S-STREAM), we examined the discriminative, predictive and evaluative properties of the 3 subscales of the S-STREAM (i.e. upper-limb movements, lower-limb movements and mobility) in patients after stroke. SUBJECTS A total of 388 patients after stroke participated in this study. To examine the discriminative property, the patients were divided into 3 groups according to their Barthel Index scores. A comprehensive measure of activities of daily living was administered at 6 months after hospital discharge as an external criterion to examine the predictive property. Changes in the S-STREAM scores from the time of admission for rehabilitation, to hospital discharge, were used to examine the evaluative property. RESULTS All pair-wise comparisons of mean scores among the 3 groups on the 3 subscales of the S-STREAM were significant. The scores of the S-STREAM showed moderate to good correlations with the comprehensive activities of daily living scores. There were large changes in the 3 subscales of the S-STREAM. CONCLUSION All 3 subscales of the S-STREAM demonstrate good discriminative, predictive and evaluative properties in patients after stroke. These findings provide strong evidence that the S-STREAM is useful in measuring motor and mobility function in patients after stroke.
The Role of Market Orientation in Managing Crises During the Post-Crisis Phase

SUMMARY The tourism business around the world, as one of the most susceptible and vulnerable sectors, must often manage and survive global crises. In recent years the global tourism industry has experienced major crises, such as terrorist attacks, political instability, economic recession, biosecurity threats and natural disasters. The most well-known cases bear testimony to the fact that crises are not new to the tourism industry. However, tourism management capabilities and abilities to deal with complex and critical situations are limited. The time has come to develop an understanding of factors that can help tourism businesses prepare a way of getting through such crises by examining the role of market orientation and its antecedents during a post-crisis phase. This paper is concerned with the effects of several organizational factors on market orientation in airlines during the post-crisis phase of the terrorist attacks of “9/11. ” The results indicate that top management factors, interdepartmental factors and organizational systems have a positive effect on market orientation after a crisis has occurred.
Place-Based Planning as a Platform for Social Learning: Insights From a National Forest Landscape Assessment Process in Western Colorado

This article examines research results from a national forest landscape assessment process in western Colorado. Landscape working groups (LWGs) were the forums for stakeholder collaboration, and the primary collaboration technique was a place-based mapping exercise. A questionnaire was distributed at the end of LWG meetings (n = 422; 59% response rate) and semistructured interviews were conducted by the third-party facilitator of selected participants. Results indicate that the LWG process created an environment in which participants were comfortable sharing and learning about values, meanings, issues, and desired conditions for places on the forest. Results were mixed with regard to participants' perception of open communication, constructive dialogue, and ability to influence plan decisions. Lack of time and resources, attention to efficiency, variation in small group facilitation, and the tension between place-based and issue-based approaches are factors that influenced the mixed results. Place-based planning strategies can complement and supplement traditional issue-based strategies.
CHOROIDAL THICKNESS IN INFANTS WITH RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY

Purpose: To evaluate choroidal thickness in premature infants and its relationship with stage of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging for measuring subfoveal choroidal thickness was performed for 80 premature infants. Subfoveal choroidal thickness was defined as the distance from the hyperreflective line of the outermost retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) to the innermost hyperreflective line of the choroidoscleral junction. Each measurement was performed at the central fovea (CF) and 0.75 mm to 1.5 mm nasal (N1 and N2) and temporal (T1 and T2) to the fovea. Subfoveal choroidal thickness and grading of cystoid macular edema (CME) were analyzed statistically. Results: Choroidal thickness of CF was found to be significantly greater than nasal (N1 and N2) and temporal (T1 and T2) choroidal thickness (P < 0.05). There was no significant relationship between stage of ROP and nasal (N1 and N2) choroidal thickness (P = 0.057, P = 0.282, respectively). However, CF and temporal (T1 and T2) choroidal thickness was found to be significantly lower at a higher stage of ROP (P = 0.005, P = 0.01 and P = 0.001). No significant relationship was found between subfoveal choroidal thickness and the grades of cystoid macular edema (P > 0.05). The choroidal thickness of CF was found to be correlated with birth weight (r = 0.267, P = 0.017) but not birth week (r = 0.140, P = 0.217). Maximum stage of ROP was found to be negatively correlated with choroidal thickness, at N1, T1, and T2 (r < −0.250, P < 0.02). Conclusion: The subfoveal choroid in premature infants can be effectively evaluated using a portable SD-OCT device. Choroidal thickness gets thinner with the severity of ROP and the decrease is more prominent at the central and temporal location. Cystoid macular edema is not correlated with choroidal thickness in premature infants.
Phase synchronization for the recognition of mental tasks in a brain-computer interface

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) may be a future communication channel for motor-disabled people. In surface electroencephalogram (EEG)-based BCIs, the extracted features are often derived from spectral estimates and autoregressive models. We examined the usefulness of synchronization between EEG signals for classifying mental tasks. To this end, we investigated the performance of features derived from the phase locking value (PLV) and from the spectral coherence and compared them to the classification rates resulting from the power densities in /spl alpha/, /spl beta//sub 1/, /spl beta//sub 2/, and 8-30-Hz frequency bands. Five recordings of 60 min, acquired from three subjects while performing three different mental tasks, were analyzed offline. No artifacts were removed or rejected. We noticed significant differences between PLV and mean spectral coherence. For sole use of synchronization measures, classification accuracies up to 62% were achieved. In general, the best result was obtained combining phase synchronization measures with /spl alpha/ power spectral density estimates. The results demonstrate that phase synchronization provides relevant information for the classification of spontaneous EEG during mental tasks.
Technological solutions for throughput improvement of a Secure Hash Algorithm-256 engine

This article describes a set of techniques for improving the performance of an Secure Hash Algorithm 256 (SHA-256) hardware implementation. The proposed solution reduces the latency incurred for updating the intermediate hash values and relies on using combinational tree structures of CSAs interconnected in a Wallace tree manner for multi-operand addition. Furthermore, the paper investigates the throughout improvement provided by a combined implementation of architecture's binary adders with the round functions used by the hash computation process. The proposed acceleration techniques can be adapted to the other members of the SHA-2 family of algorithms. The architecture represents a case study for hardware optimization based on different combinational structures for binary addition and the effect of the carry propagate layer on the overall performance. The synthesis results of the proposed designs are provided as support for the performance analysis presented in this work.
Improving Speed and Productivity of Software Development: A Global Survey of Software Developers

Time is an essential measure of performance in software development because time delays tend to fall directly to the bottom line. To address this issue, this research seeks to distinguish time-based software development practices: those managerial actions that result in faster development speed and higher productivity. This study is based upon a survey of software management practices in Western Europe and builds upon an earlier study we carried out in the United States and Japan (Integrated Manufacturing Systems, vol. 7, no. 2, 1996). We measure the extent to which managers in the USA, Japan and Europe differ in their management of software projects and also determine the tools, technology and practices that separate fast and slow developers in Western Europe.
Rosiglitazone‐induced myocardial protection against ischaemia–reperfusion injury is mediated via a phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/Akt‐dependent pathway

1. Rosiglitazone is widely used in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. However, in recent years it has become evident that the therapeutic effects of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ ligands reach far beyond their use as insulin sensitizers. Recently, the ability of rosiglitazone pretreatment to induce cardioprotection following ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) has been well documented; however, the protective mechanisms have not been elucidated. In the present study, examined the role of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3‐K)/Akt signalling pathway in rosiglitazone cardioprotection following I/R injury.