Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Process-Structure-Property Relationships in Selective Laser Melting of Aerospace Alloys

Metal additive manufacturing can be used for producing complex and functional components in the aerospace industry. This thesis deals with the process-structure-property relationships in selective laser melting of three aerospace alloys: Invar 36, stainless steel 316L, and Ti-6Al-4V. These alloys are weldable but hard to machine, which make them good candidates for the selective laser melting process. Invar 36 has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion because of its nickel concentration of 36% and stainless steel 316L contains 16-18% chromium that gives the alloy a corrosion resistance property. Ti-6Al-4V offers high strength-to-weight ratio, high biocompatibility, and outstanding corrosion resistance. Any changes in the chemical composition of these materials could affect their performance during application. In this thesis, a full factorial design of experiments is formulated to study a wide range of laser process parameters. The bulk density, tensile mechanical properties, fractography, microstructure, material composition, material phases, coefficient of thermal expansion, magnetic dipole moments, and residual stresses of the parts produced are experimentally investigated. An optimum process window has been suggested for each material based on experimental work. The thermal cycle, residual stresses, and part distortions are examined using a thermo-mechanical finite element model. The model predicts the residual stress and part distortion after build plate removal. The thesis introduces two laser energy densities for each material: brittle-ductile transition energy density, ET, and critical laser energy density, EC. Below the brittle-ductile transition energy density, the parts exhibited void formation, low density, and brittle fracture. Above the critical energy density, the parts showed vaporization of some alloying elements that have low boiling temperatures. Additionally, real-time measurements were taken using a pyrometer and a high-speed camera during the selective laser melting process. The trends found in the numerical results agree with those found experimentally. %%%%Thesis%%%%Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
SOME SURFACES WITH MAXIMAL PICARD NUMBER

For a smooth complex projective variety, the rank of the Neron-Severi group is bounded by the Hodge number h 1;1 . Varieties with = h 1;1 have interesting properties, but are rather sparse, particularly in dimension 2. We discuss in this note a number of examples, in particular those constructed from curves with special Jacobians. Resume (Quelques surfaces dont le nombre de Picard est maximal). — Le rang du groupe de Neron-Severi d'une variete projective lisse complexe est borne par le nombre de Hodge h 1;1 . Les varietes satisfaisant a = h 1;1 ont des proprietes interessantes, mais sont assez rares, particulierement en dimension 2. Dans cette note nous analysons un certain nombre d'exemples, notamment ceux construits a partir de courbes a jacobienne speciale.
Down-Regulation of Nucleolar and Spindle-Associated Protein 1 (NUSAP1) Expression Suppresses Tumor and Cell Proliferation and Enhances Anti-Tumor Effect of Paclitaxel in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background Nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) is an important mitotic regulator. In addition to its crucial function in mitosis, NUSAP1 has recently received attention due to the interesting roles in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to reveal functional mechanisms of NUSAP1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods mRNA and protein expression levels of NUSAP1 in 9 OSCC-derived cells were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunoblotting analyses. The correlation between the NUSAP1 expression profile and the clinicopathological factors was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in clinical OSCC samples (n = 70). The NUSAP1 knockdown cells were established with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in OSCC cells, and functional assays were performed using these cells. In addition to the evaluation of cellular proliferation and cell cycle, we also investigated the potential role of NUSAP1 in paclitaxel (PTX)-induced cellular responses. Results mRNA and protein expression of NUSAP1 were significantly up-regulated in OSCC-derived cells compared with human normal oral keratinocytes (P < 0.05). IHC revealed that NUSAP-1 expression is closely associated with primary advanced T stage (P<0.05). Suppression of NUSAP1 expression levels led to significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of cellular proliferation. Furthermore, apoptosis induced by PTX was enhanced in NUSAP1 knockdown OSCC cells. Conclusions NUSAP1 may be a crucial biomarker for OSCC. Moreover, down-regulated NUSAP1 expression suppresses tumor proliferation and also enhances anti-tumor effect of PTX by activating apoptotic pathways. Thus, the present study strongly suggests that regulating NUSAP1 expression should contribute to the therapy for OSCC.
Lack of cleavage of IcsA in Shigella flexneri causes aberrant movement and allows demonstration of a cross-reactive eukaryotic protein

Once in the cytoplasm of mammalian cells, Shigella flexneri expresses a motile phenotype caused by polar directional assembly of actin. This process depends on accumulation of IcsA (VirG), a 120-kDa protein with ATPase activity, at the pole of the bacterium opposite to that at which ongoing septation occurs. IcsA is also secreted into the bacterial supernatant as a 95-kDa species, after cleavage at an SSRRASS sequence which, when mutagenized, blocks processing. MAbF15, an anti-IcsA monoclonal antibody, recognizes an epitope located within repeated Gly-rich boxes in the N-terminal half of the protein. We used this monoclonal antibody to visualize the location of a noncleavable 120-kDa IcsA mutant protein expressed in S. flexneri. We found that this noncleavable IcsA protein no longer localized exclusively to the pole of the bacterium but also could be detected circumferentially. Whereas the monoclonal antibody detected the wild-type cleavable form of IcsA in only 40% of the cells expressing this protein, the noncleavable was easily detectable in all the cells carrying the icsA mutant allele. Similar aberrant localization of the IcsA mutant protein on bacteria growing within the cytoplasm of HeLa cells was observed. The strains expressing the noncleavable IcsA protein expressed abnormal intracellular movement and were often observed moving in a direction perpendicular to their longitudinal axis. The putative protease which processes IcsA may therefore play a role in achieving polar expression of this protein and providing maximum asymmetry essential to directional movement. In addition, MAbF15 allowed us to identify a 70-kDa eukaryotic protein cross-reacting with IcsA. This protein accumulated in the actin tails of motile bacteria and in membrane ruffles of the cells.
Molecular Characterization and Estrogen Regulation of Hypothalamic KISS1 Gene in the Pig1

Abstract Kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling plays an essential role in normal reproduction in mammals via stimulation of gonadotropin secretion. Here, we cloned the porcine KISS1 cDNA from the hypothalamic tissue and investigated the effect of estrogen on the distribution and numbers of KISS1 mRNA-expressing cells in the porcine hypothalamus. The full length of the cDNA was 857 bp encoding the kisspeptin of 54 amino acids, with the C-terminal active motif designated kisspeptin-10 being identical to that of mouse, rat, cattle, and sheep. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that KISS1-positive cell populations were mainly distributed in the hypothalamic periventricular nucleus (PeN) and arcuate nucleus (ARC). KISS1 expression in the PeN of ovariectomized (OVX) pigs was significantly upregulated by estradiol benzoate (EB) treatment. On the other hand, KISS1-expressing cells were abundantly distributed throughout the ARC in both OVX and OVX with EB animals. The number of KISS1-expressing neurons was significantly lowered by EB treatment only in the most caudal part of the ARC, but other ARC populations were not affected. The present study thus suggests that the PeN kisspeptin neurons could be responsible for the estrogen positive feedback regulation to induce gonadotropin-releasing hormone/luteinizing hormone (GnRH/LH) surge in the pig. In addition, the caudal ARC kisspeptin neurons could be involved in the estrogen negative feedback regulation of GnRH/LH release. This is the first report of identification of porcine KISS1 gene and of estrogen regulation of KISS1 expression in the porcine brain, which may be helpful for better understanding of the role of kisspeptin in reproduction of the pig.
Role Transition and the Interaction of Relational and Social Identity: New Nursing Roles in the English NHS

Our study provides an analysis of role transition, examining how macro-level influences and micro-level practice interact in framing role transition, with a focus upon professional identity. Empirically, we examine the case of nurses in the English NHS, for whom government ‘modernization’ policy has opened up a new occupational position in the delivery of genetics services within a professional bureaucracy. We track the experiences of the nurses through their recruitment to, enactment of, and progress on from, the new genetics role over two years. Our qualitative interview-based study encompasses six comparative cases. Analysis draws upon two linked literatures — role and identity, and sociology of professions — to examine the tension between the identity expected by the profession and the role expected by government policy-makers. While policy encourages reconfiguration of roles and relationships to support the new, less-bounded role, concerns aligned to professional identity mean that inter-professional competition between doctors and nurses, and intra-professional competition within nursing itself, constrain the enactment of the new role. Through our empirical study, we develop literature on role transition through its application to a professionalized context, and sociology of professions literature, within which issues of identity are relatively neglected. Our study demonstrates that the emphasis of identity within a professional bureaucracy lies at the collective level.
Firecracker eye injuries during Deepavali festival: A case series

We report a large series of ocular injuries caused by fire-crackers. This study was a hospital-based, singlecenter, retrospective case series in which the records of 51 patients with ocular injuries were analyzed. Injuries were classified according to Birmingham eye trauma terminology system (BETTS). Visual outcomes before and after the intervention were recorded. Ten patients were admitted for further management. As ocular firecracker injuries result in significant morbidity, public education regarding proper use of firecrackers may help in reducing the incidence of ocular injuries.
Explaining Fertility Norms in the Netherlands

This study advances our understanding of fertility norms by examining whether fertility norms remain stable over time. In addition, this article also investigates whether these norms are influenced by (a) sociodemographic background characteristics; (b) fertility norms of close family members: partners, siblings, parents, and children; and (c) life course events. Two waves of the Netherlands Kinship Panel Study (NKPS) are used. This data set contains multi-actor data: family members are interviewed separately. First, analyses revealed that fertility norms are quite stable over time. Second, fertility norms appeared to be related to respondent’s educational level and religious socialization. Furthermore, life course transitions are an explanation for holding (in)tolerant fertility norms as well; for example, gaining a partner increases one’s pronatalism level, whereas losing a partner between the two waves causes a decrease in pro-childbearing views. Finally, fertility norms held by the kin network matter, but only to a limited degree.
A Monte Carlo Implementation of the Nonlinear Filtering Problem to Produce Ensemble Assimilations and Forecasts

Abstract Knowledge of the probability distribution of initial conditions is central to almost all practical studies of predictability and to improvements in stochastic prediction of the atmosphere. Traditionally, data assimilation for atmospheric predictability or prediction experiments has attempted to find a single “best” estimate of the initial state. Additional information about the initial condition probability distribution is then obtained primarily through heuristic techniques that attempt to generate representative perturbations around the best estimate. However, a classical theory for generating an estimate of the complete probability distribution of an initial state given a set of observations exists. This nonlinear filtering theory can be applied to unify the data assimilation and ensemble generation problem and to produce superior estimates of the probability distribution of the initial state of the atmosphere (or ocean) on regional or global scales. A Monte Carlo implementation of the fully n.
Co‐immobilization of dextransucrase and dextranase for the facilitated synthesis of isomalto‐oligosaccharides: Preparation, characterization and modeling

Co‐Immobilization of dextransucrase (DS) and dextranase (DN) into calcium alginate includes the co‐entrapment of soluble DS and adsorbed DN. DS converts sucrose into dextran, which is the substrate for DN, so that isomalto‐oligosaccharides (IMOs) are follow‐up products of dextran hydrolysis. The boundary conditions for the successful preparation are investigated with respect to choice of DN adsorbate, surface modifications using blotting agents and optimal enzyme activity ratios. Further, repetitive batch experiments suggest the selection of medium activity ratios for continuous use (0.3 UDNU−1DS, e.g.). Product formation at various cosubstrate:substrate concentrations as well as at different DN:DS ratios are discussed. Moreover, the complexity of the bi‐enzymatic system can be reduced considering the molar ratios of cosubstrate:substrate (glucose:sucrose). Based on these factors, a mechanistic kinetic model is developed, which distinguishes the corresponding contributions of the two enzymes upon overall product formation. In general, at low glucose:sucrose ratios isomaltose synthesis is featured primarily by DN action. Yet with increasing amounts of glucose both the quantity and quality of DN substrate changes, so that its contribution to product formation decreases in an exponential manner; still the overall product yield continuously increases due to enhanced DS contribution. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 673–683. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
InteSe: An Integrated Model for Resolving Ambiguities in Multimodal Sentences

The pervasiveness of ambiguity in communication processes suggests addressing the problem of semantic and syntactic ambiguities in multimodal interaction languages. This paper presents an integrated model based on layered, hierarchical, and hidden Markov models for dealing with the complex process of multimodal ambiguity resolution. The proposed model consists of different levels, from the terminals of a multimodal language (terminal elements) to the level of multimodal sentences. A software module implemented the model that has been evaluated in terms of accuracy and robustness. The experimental results show good levels of accuracy and robustness compared with other existing approaches.
Distinct global shifts in genomic binding profiles of limb malformation-associated HOXD13 mutations

Gene regulation by transcription factors (TFs) determines developmental programs and cell identity. Consequently, mutations in TFs can lead to dramatic phenotypes in humans by disrupting gene regulation. To date, the molecular mechanisms that actually cause these phenotypes have been difficult to address experimentally. ChIP-seq, which couples chromatin immunoprecipitation with high-throughput sequencing, allows TF function to be investigated on a genome-wide scale, enabling new approaches for the investigation of gene regulation. Here, we present the application of ChIP-seq to explore the effect of missense mutations in TFs on their genome-wide binding profile. Using a retroviral expression system in chicken mesenchymal stem cells, we elucidated the mechanism underlying a novel missense mutation in HOXD13 (Q317K) associated with a complex hand and foot malformation phenotype. The mutated glutamine (Q) is conserved in most homeodomains, a notable exception being bicoid-type homeodomains that have lysine (K) at this position. Our results show that the mutation results in a shift in the binding profile of the mutant toward a bicoid/PITX1 motif. Gene expression analysis and functional assays using in vivo overexpression studies confirm that the mutation results in a partial conversion of HOXD13 into a TF with bicoid/PITX1 properties. A similar shift was not observed with another mutation, Q317R, which is associated with brachysyndactyly, suggesting that the bicoid/PITX1-shift observed for Q317K might be related to the severe clinical phenotype. The methodology described can be used to investigate a wide spectrum of TFs and mutations that have not previously been amenable to ChIP-seq experiments.
Towards a Pedagogy of Grammar Instruction

Grammar can be viewed both as knowledge and as ability. When viewed as knowledge, the focus is on rules for sentence formation. When viewed as ability, the focus is on how grammar is used as a resource in the creation of spoken and written texts. Twelve principles are proposed as the basis for a pedagogy that focusses on acquiring learning to use grammar in texts. Each principle is illustrated with examples from classroom practice.
LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES

▪ Abstract At luminosities above 1011 , infrared galaxies become the dominant population of extragalactic objects in the local Universe (z ≲ 0.3), being more numerous than optically selected starburst and Seyfert galaxies and quasi-stellar objects at comparable bolometric luminosity. The trigger for the intense infrared emission appears to be the strong interaction/merger of molecular gas-rich spirals, and the bulk of the infrared luminosity for all but the most luminous objects is due to dust heating from an intense starburst within giant molecular clouds. At the highest luminosities (Lir > 1012 ), nearly all objects appear to be advanced mergers powered by a mixture of circumnuclear starburst and active galactic nucleus energy sources, both of which are fueled by an enormous concentration of molecular gas that has been funneled into the merger nucleus. These ultraluminous infrared galaxies may represent an important stage in the formation of quasi-stellar objects and powerful radio galaxies. They may al.
Visual evoked potential and contrast sensitivity function in diabetic retinopathy.

Etude chez 22 malades diabetiques insulino-dependants, dont 5 exempts de retinopathie et 17 atteints de retinopathie (dont 6 cas de retinopathie proliferative). L'etude des potentiels evoques et des fonctions de sensibilite aux contrastes indique l'existence de lesions subcliniques des neurones (soit retine soit nerf optique) mais seulement en cas de retinopathie proliferative
‘One’-anaphora and the case for discourse-driven referring expression generation

Conventional approaches to the generation of referring expressions place the task within a pipelined architecture, typically somewhere between text planning and linguistic realisation. In this paper, we look at the issues that arise in generating one-anaphoric referring expressions; examination of this task causes us to reflect on the current predominant architectural models for natural language generation, and leads us to suggest an alternative architecture where decisions that influence forms of reference happen much earlier in the process of natural language generation.
Relationship between anthropometric indicators and cognitive performance in Southeast Asian school-aged children

Nutrition is an important factor in mental development and, as a consequence, in cognitive performance. Malnutrition is reflected in children's weight, height and BMI curves. The present cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the association between anthropometric indices and cognitive performance in 6746 school-aged children (aged 6–12 years) of four Southeast Asian countries: Indonesia; Malaysia; Thailand; Vietnam. Cognitive performance (non-verbal intelligence quotient (IQ)) was measured using Raven's Progressive Matrices test or Test of Non-Verbal Intelligence, third edition (TONI-3). Height-for-age z-scores (HAZ), weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ) and BMI-for-age z-scores (BAZ) were used as anthropometric nutritional status indices. Data were weighted using age, sex and urban/rural weight factors to resemble the total primary school-aged population per country. Overall, 21 % of the children in the four countries were underweight and 19 % were stunted. Children with low WAZ were 3·5 times more likely to have a non-verbal IQ < 89 (OR 3·53 and 95 % CI 3·52, 3·54). The chance of having a non-verbal IQ < 89 was also doubled with low BAZ and HAZ. In contrast, except for severe obesity, the relationship between high BAZ and IQ was less clear and differed per country. The odds of having non-verbal IQ levels < 89 also increased with severe obesity. In conclusion, undernourishment and non-verbal IQ are significantly associated in 6–12-year-old children. Effective strategies to improve nutrition in preschoolers and school-aged children can have a pronounced effect on cognition and, in the longer term, help in positively contributing to individual and national development.
Effects of a Self-Directed Training Program on Cooperating Teacher Behavior

Supervisory behaviors and practices of 12 cooperating teachers (CT) were compared during an 8-week field experience. A control group of seven CTs followed their normal procedures when supervising a student teacher (ST) while a treatment group of five CTs followed guidelines and tasks outlined in a supervisory training manual. The training manual consisted of seven modules. Results indicated the supervisory training manual was effective in improving and increasing supervisory behaviors and practices of CTs in secondary physical education. Analyzing the daily supervision log using independent t tests and univariate and multivariate repeated measures analysis indicated that trained CTs gave more substantive feedback than untrained CTs. Trained CTs provided STs with more frequent supervisory intervention than untrained CTs, as shown by analyzing the weekly wrap-up report using an independent chi square. It was confirmed that trained CTs are less controlling, more indirect, and more on task than untrained CTs.
The Limits of Public Service Motivation: Confidence in Government Institutions Among Public Servants

Do government employees have more confidence in government than their counterparts in other sectors? The public service motivation (PSM) literature suggests that they should, but this assertion has never been tested. In this paper, we examine how public servants feel about the federal government and compare these feelings with those of employees in other sectors. Although we find that public servants hold some parts of government in higher regard than their counterparts, this finding does not apply to every branch of government. The patterns of confidence in institutions we find among America’s public servants suggest that there is a limit to PSM.