Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examining Barriers with Implementing Augmentative and Alternative Communication in a Midwest School

Examining Barriers with Implementing Augmentative and Alternative Communication in a Midwest School by Ashley Fields MA, University of Central Missouri, 2006 BS, University of Central Missouri, 2008 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Walden University January 2015
Responsabilidad social corporativa, conocimiento e innovación: hacia un nuevo modelo de dirección de empresas

This work tries to analyse the way ethical principles and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is integra- ted into the Organisational Knowledge Management (OKM) processes and innovation of firms. Thus, two main goals are established. Firstly, we try to identify ethical and CSR problems that arise in the scope of decisions on OKM and innovation for business managers. Secondly, the way in which managers apply ethical principles and CSR in rela- tion to these kinds of decisions is analysed. Based on this, a model is built that includes some OKM basic features over which ethical and CSR decisions have some influence, highlighting the significance of all of these on perfor- mance and firm competitiveness. In addition to this, it is suggested that the ethical conception of managers and their perception of stakeholders' requirements have an important influence on CSR principles introduced into innovation and OKM strategies, and at the same time, results of these decisions and environmental changes involve that sta- keholders' requirements and ethical principles of managers are evolving along time.
RESTING STATE NETWORKS IN THE AGEING BRAIN 1 Ageing and large-scale functional networks : White matter integrity , gray matter volume , and functional connectivity in the resting state

Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ARC Science of Learning Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Perception in Action Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
Chronic intestinal Mycobacteria infection: discrimination via VOC analysis in exhaled breath and headspace of feces using differential ion mobility spectrometry

Differential ion mobility spectrometry (DMS) is a method to detect volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the ppt range. This study assessed whether VOC analysis using DMS could discriminate subjects with an experimentally induced chronic intestinal infection caused by Mycobacteria from non-infected controls. The animal model consisted of two groups of goats orally infected with two different doses of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and one group of non-infected healthy controls (each group: n = 6). Using DMS, exhaled breath and headspace of feces were analyzed on-line on an individual basis 9 months after inoculation of MAP. Data analysis included peak detection, cluster analysis, selection of discriminating VOC features (Mann–Whitney U test), and classification using a support-vector-machine. Taking the background of ambient air conditions into account, VOC analysis of exhaled breath as well as of feces revealed significant differences between chronically infected animals and non-infected controls. In both specimens, increasing as well as decreasing VOC features could be attributed to infection. Discrimination between infected and non-infected animals was sharper analyzing exhaled breath compared to headspace of feces. In exhaled breath, at least two VOC features were found to increase in a dose-dependent manner with increasing doses of MAP inoculated. Results of this study provide strong evidence that DMS analysis of exhaled breath has the potential to become a valuable tool for non-invasive assessment of VOC specifically related to certain diseases or infections.
Motivational active learning: engaging university students in computer science education

Attracting and engaging computer science students to enhance their mathematical and algorithmic thinking skills are challenging tasks. In winter 2013 we introduced a new teaching format for a course, which combines theory in computer science with hands-on algorithmic challenges, mathematical thinking activities, and collaborative problem-solving. Therefore, we introduced the pedagogical model Motivational Active Learning (MAL), which is grounded in MIT's successful format for teaching physics, Technology-Enabled Active Learning (TEAL), and combines it with motivational strategies usually used by game designers. Results from the initial setup in class reveals that students indeed assessed the course structure as more interactive and motivating compared to other similar courses. In this paper we discuss the course design, issues, and the impact, and analyze the first results in detail.
Data Sharing Analysis for a Database Programming Lanaguage via Abstract Interpretation

This paper presents an experiment in nsing n fnrmnl techniqne for static prngrnm nnnlyais, hnsod an abstract intarpre t.ntion, in the context of persistent progrnmming Inngnngw. The nim of thn annlysis is to dntoct npportnnities for snfe parallelism fnr trnnsnetinn nperatinn sehadnling. Tmnsnctinn apcratinns cnn he snfely intarlanved when there is no nverlnpping among their rends& nnd writ-b. A non-atnndnrd interpreter perfnrmcl the nnnlysis. This interpreter, given the text of n trnns.actinn nnd n reprascntntinn nf the dntn stored in the dntnh.m, oufnmnfica//y derivea in n finite time n11 npprnxirnntinn of the randset and writ-t nf the nnnlysed lrnnsnclinn. lnfnrmntian ahtnined from the non-atnndnrd interpret,ntinn is provided to the schodnler hefnra haginning the cxrcntion of trnnsactinn operations. In this way, we ohtnin A schrdnler thnt renlism n cnnservntive two-phase lacking protocol fnr persistent programming Inngnaga trnnsactinncl. We npply the nnalysis to n Iangnage thnt is n signiticnnt snhset of Gnlilan. The gnnl of the nnnlyh i.s tn &. teet the nccems xnlely to shnrc\nhle nnd mnclitinhle persistent dntn.
EYEWATCHME—3D Hand and object tracking for inside out activity analysis

This paper investigates the “inside-out” recognition of everyday manipulation tasks using a gaze-directed camera, which is a camera that actively directs at the visual attention focus of the person wearing the camera. We present EYEWATCHME, an integrated vision and state estimation system that at the same time tracks the positions and the poses of the acting hands, the pose that the manipulated object, and the pose of the observing camera. Taken together, EYEWATCHME provides comprehensive data for learning predictive models of vision-guided manipulation that include the objects people are attending, the interaction of attention and reaching/grasping, and the segmentation of reaching and grasping using visual attention as evidence. Key technical contributions of this paper include an ego view hand tracking system that estimates 27 DOF hand poses. The hand tracking system is capable of detecting hands and estimating their poses despite substantial self-occlusion caused by the hand and occlusions caused by the manipulated object. EYEWATCHME can also cope with blurred images that are caused by rapid eye movements. The second key contribution is the of the integrated activity recognition system that simultaneously tracks the attention of the person, the hand poses, and the poses of the manipulated objects in terms of a global scene coordinates. We demonstrate the operation of EYEWATCHME in the context of kitchen tasks including filling a cup with water.
Clinical Characteristics of Peanut-Allergic Children: Recent Changes

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to determine whether patients seen in a referral clinic are experiencing initial allergic reactions to peanuts earlier, compared with a similar population profiled at a different medical center 10 years ago, and to investigate other changes in clinical characteristics of the patients between the 2 groups. METHODS. We reviewed the medical charts of peanut-allergic patients seen in the Duke University pediatric allergy and immunology clinic between July 2000 and April 2006. RESULTS. The median ages of first peanut exposure and reaction were 14 and 18 months, respectively; the respective ages in a similar population profiled between 1995 and 1997 were 22 and 24 months. Within our patient group, those born before 2000 were first exposed to peanuts at a median age of 19 months and reacted at a median age of 21 months, compared with first exposure at 12 months and first reaction at 14 months for those born in or after 2000. Most patients (68%) demonstrated sensitization or clinical allergy to other foods (53% to eggs, 26% to cow's milk, 20% to tree nuts, 11% to fish, 9% to shellfish, 7% to soy, 6% to wheat, and 6% to sesame seeds). CONCLUSIONS. In the past decade, the ages of first peanut exposure and reaction have declined among peanut-allergic children seen in a referral clinic. Egg allergy is very common in peanut-allergic patients, and sesame seeds should perhaps be considered one of the major food allergens. The decline in the age of first peanut reaction seems to be attributable to earlier exposure.
Cognitive Models of Spatial Navigation from a Robot Builder's Perspective

Complete physically embodied agents present a powerful medium for the investigation of cognitive models for spatial navigation. This article presents a maze-solving robot, called a micromouse, that parallels many of the behaviors found in its biological counterpart, the rat. A cognitive model of the robot is presented, and its limits are investigated. Limits are found to exist with respect to biological plausibility and robot applicability. It is proposed that the fundamental representations used to store and process information are the limiting factor. A review of the literature of current cognitive models reveals a lack of models suitable for implementation in real agents and proposes that available models fail as they have not been developed with real agents in mind. A solution to this conundrum is proposed in a list of guidelines for the development of future spatial models.
Automaticity and the Amygdala: Nonconscious Responses to Emotional Faces

The human face is an evolved adaptation for social communication. This implies that humans are genetically prepared to produce facial gestures that are automatically decoded by observers. Psychophysiological data demonstrate that humans respond automatically with their facial muscles, with autonomic responses, and with specific regional brain activation of the amygdala when exposed to emotionally expressive faces. Attention is preferentially and automatically oriented toward facial threat. Neuropsychological data, as well as a rapidly expanding brain-imaging literature, implicate the amygdala as a central structure for responding to negative emotional faces, and particularly to fearful ones. However, the amygdala may not be specialized for processing emotional faces, but may instead respond to faces because they provide important information for the defense appraisal that is its primary responsibility.
Proposal of Synchronization Indexes of Single Neuron Activity on Periodic Stimulus

Synchronization of a neuronal response to a given periodic stimulus is usually measured by Goldberg and Brown's vector strength metric (1969). The limitations of this index are discussed and two alternative indexes are proposed: the corrected vector strength index and the phase variance index. Using a standard data set, the three metrics are compared and the results indicate that the vector strength index should be interpreted with great care. The proposed new indexes are both more relevant to 'synchronization'. Moreover, these two indexes can be tuned to show a large variation of behavior depending on the user's idea of synchronization.
Remobilization of leaf S compounds and senescence in response to restricted sulphate supply during the vegetative stage of oilseed rape are affected by mineral N availability

The impact of sulphur limitation on the remobilization of endogenous S compounds during the rosette stage of oilseed rape, and the interactions with N availability on these processes, were examined using a long-term 34SO42− labelling method combined with a study of leaf senescence progression (using SAG12/Cab as a molecular indicator) and gene expression of the transporters, BnSultr4;1 and BnSultr4;2, involved in vacuolar sulphate efflux. After 51 d on hydroponic culture at 0.3 mM 34SO42− (1 atom% excess), the labelling was stopped and plants were subject for 28 d to High S-High N (HS-HN, control), Low S-High N (LS-HN) or Low S-Low N (LS-LN) conditions. Compared with the control, LS-HN plants showed delayed leaf senescence and, whilst the shoot growth and the foliar soluble protein amounts were not affected, S, 34S, and SO42− amounts in the old leaves declined rapidly and were associated with the up-regulation of BnSultr4;1. In LS-LN plants, shoot growth was reduced, leaf senescence was accelerated, and the rapid S mobilization in old leaves was accompanied by decreased 34S and SO42−, higher protein mobilization, and up-regulation of BnSultr4;2, but without any change of expression of BnSultr4;1. The data suggest that to sustain the S demand for growth under S restriction (i) vacuolar SO42− is specifically remobilized in LS-HN conditions without any acceleration of leaf senescence, (ii) SO42− mobilization is related to an up-regulation of BnSultr4;1 and/or BnSultr4;2 expression, and (iii) the relationship between sulphate mobilization and up-regulation of expression of BnSultr4 genes is specifically dependent on the N availability.
X-ray micro-beam diffraction determination of full stress tensors in Cu TSVs

We report the first non-destructive, depth resolved determination of the full stress tensor in Cu through-silicon vias (TSVs), using synchrotron based micro-beam X-ray diffraction. Two adjacent Cu TSVs were studied; one deliberately capped with SiO2, the other without (uncapped). Both Cu TSVs were found to be in a state of tensile hydrostatic stress that fluctuated considerably with depth. The average hydrostatic stress across the capped and the uncapped Cu TSVs was found to be (99 MPa ± 13 MPa) and (118 MPa ± 18 MPa), respectively. This apparent disparity between the mean hydrostatic stresses is attributed to local differences in their microstructure, and not to the differences in capping.
An analytical study of low delay multi-tree-based overlay multicast

In this paper we propose an analytical model that describes the temporal evolution of the end-to-end loss characteristics for live multicast streaming. We consider push-based architectures combined with retransmissions and forward error correction (FEC). We use the model to identify the primary sources of delay in overlay multicast, and to investigate the possible ways of decreasing the required playback delay. Based on the results we argue that in order to achieve good quality with low playback delays independent of the overlay's size, these systems have to adjust the FEC code rate dynamically. Our findings show that the available upload capacity is the key to efficient overlay multicast with low delay bounds.
Use of antecedent control to improve the outcome of rehabilitation for a client with frontal lobe injury and intolerance for auditory and tactile stimuli

KM, a single 23-year-old male, sustained a severe traumatic brain injury in a motor vehicle accident. Aggressive and uncooperative behaviour, resulting from the client's cognitive deficits and hypersensitivity to stimuli, made him unmanageable in a subacute rehabilitation setting. Minimizing sources of agitation reduced the client's outbursts and facilitated the completion of functional tasks, such as bathing and dressing. Modifying his environment also increased the client's participation in social and leisure activities. These changes improved the outcome of the client's rehabilitation.
Crystal structure of vinculin in complex with vinculin binding site 50 (VBS50), the integrin binding site 2 (IBS2) of talin

The cytoskeletal protein talin activates integrin receptors by binding of its FERM domain to the cytoplasmic tail of β‐integrin. Talin also couples integrins to the actin cytoskeleton, largely by binding to and activating the cytoskeletal protein vinculin, which binds to F‐actin through the agency of its five‐helix bundle tail (Vt) domain. Talin activates vinculin by means of buried amphipathic α‐helices coined vinculin binding sites (VBSs) that reside within numerous four‐ and five‐helix bundle domains that comprise the central talin rod, which are released from their buried locales by means of mechanical tension on the integrin:talin complex. In turn, these VBSs bind to the N‐terminal seven‐helix bundle (Vh1) domain of vinculin, creating an entirely new helix bundle that severs its head‐tail interactions. Interestingly, talin harbors a second integrin binding site coined IBS2 that consists of two five‐helix bundle domains that also contain a VBS (VBS50). Here we report the crystal structure of VBS50 in complex with vinculin at 2.3 Å resolution and show that intramolecular interactions of VBS50 within IBS2 are much more extensive versus its interactions with vinculin. Indeed, the IBS2‐vinculin interaction only occurs at physiological temperature and the affinity of VBS50 for vinculin is about 30 times less than other VBSs. The data support a model where integrin binding destabilizes IBS2 to allow it to bind to vinculin.
Downloading textual hidden web content through keyword queries

An ever-increasing amount of information on the Web today is available only through search interfaces: the users have to type in a set of keywords in a search form in order to access the pages from certain Web sites. These pages are often referred to as the hidden Web or the deep Web. Since there are no static links to the hidden Web pages, search engines cannot discover and index such pages and thus do not return them in the results. However, according to recent studies, the content provided by many hidden Web sites is often of very high quality and can be extremely valuable to many users. In this paper, we study how we can build an effective hidden Web crawler that can autonomously discover and download pages from the hidden Web. Since the only "entry point" to a hidden Web site is a query interface, the main challenge that a hidden Web crawler has to face is how to automatically generate meaningful queries to issue to the site. We provide a theoretical framework to investigate the query generation problem for the hidden Web and we propose effective policies for generating queries automatically. Our policies proceed iteratively, issuing a different query in every iteration. We experimentally evaluate the effectiveness of these policies on 4 real hidden Web sites and our results are very promising. For instance, in one experiment, one of our policies downloaded more than 90% of a hidden Web site (that contains 14 million documents) after issuing fewer than 100 queries
Histologic, Infectious, and Molecular Correlates of Idiopathic Spontaneous Abortion and Perinatal Mortality

The purpose of this study was to analyze the placental and neonatal tissues in fatal cases for a wide variety of infectious agents and cytokine expression. Placentas and corresponding neonatal tissues in 21 consecutive cases of idiopathic spontaneous abortion or perinatal death, before or within 2 days of birth, were tested for an infectious agent. The controls included 10 consecutive cases of fetal and placental tissues from therapeutic abortions, 5 placentas from unremarkable childbirths, and 11 placentas from cases of spontaneous abortion or perinatal death of known cause (ruptured uterus, placenta abruption, prolapsed cord). An intrauterine infection was noted in 16 of 21 (76%) of the placentas associated with neonatal mortality; in each case, the same infectious agent was found in the neonatal tissues, primarily the spleen. The most common infectious agent was enterovirus/coxsackie virus (10 cases); the histologic findings in the placenta were nonspecific. There was strong expression of TNF-α in the placenta and spleen of each of the cases of intrauterine infection and in none of the 26 controls. It is concluded that in utero infection and the associated cytokine up-regulation are responsible for many cases of unexplained fetal and neonatal loss.
Molecular Staging of Node Negative Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Metastatic disease is the principle cause of death from colorectal cancer. In that context, the most significant indicator of overall survival and therapeutic response to adjuvant chemotherapy is the presence of metastatic tumor cells in regional lymph nodes. Although histopathologic analysis of lymph nodes is central to all colorectal cancer staging paradigms, its prognostic and predictive value is limited. Indeed, about 30% of patients with histopathology-negative lymph nodes (pN0) die from metastatic disease, reflected by microscopic lymph node metastases that are overlooked by standard techniques. These unrecognized tumor cells are especially important when considering racial disparities in outcomes in colorectal cancer patients, where blacks with lymph node-negative disease have the largest discrepancies in outcomes, with more than 40% excess mortality compared to Caucasian patients. However, the significance of tumor cells in regional lymph nodes remains uncertain, and approximately 50% of colorectal cancer patients with nodal metastases detected by histopathology remain free of recurrent disease. Accurate identification of occult metastases in regional lymph nodes, and defining their value as prognostic markers of recurrence risk and predictive markers of response to adjuvant chemotherapy remains one challenge in the management of colorectal cancer patients. Guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C), a receptor which is expressed primarily in intestinal cells normally, but is universally over-expressed by colorectal cancer cells, has been validated to detect prognostically significant occult metastases using quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR). Biomarker validation was achieved through a prospective, multicenter, blinded clinical trial. In that trial, occult tumor burden estimated across all regional lymph nodes by GUCY2C RT-qPCR predicted clinical outcomes, identifying node-negative patients with a low (near zero) risk, and those with >80% risk, of developing disease recurrence. Moreover, there was disproportionately higher occult tumor burden in black, compared to white, patients which contributes to racial disparities in outcomes in colorectal cancer. The diagnostic paradigm quantifying occult tumor burden using GUCY2C qRT-PCR is positioned to reduce racial disparities in colorectal cancer mortality.
Marketing and Firm Value: Metrics, Methods, Findings, and Future Directions

The marketing profession is being challenged to assess and communicate the value created by its actions on shareholder value. These demands create a need to translate marketing resource allocations and their performance consequences into financial and firm value effects. The objective of this article is to integrate the existing knowledge on the impact of marketing on firm value. The authors first frame the important research questions on marketing and firm value and review the important investor response metrics and relevant analytical models as they relate to marketing. Next, they summarize the empirical findings to date on how marketing creates shareholder value, including the impact of brand equity, customer equity, customer satisfaction, research and development and product quality, and specific marketing-mix actions. Then, the authors review emerging findings on biases in investor response to marketing actions. They conclude by formulating an agenda for future research challenges in this emerging area.