Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructure of porcine embryos following development in vitro versus in vivo

The present study examined the ultrastructural appearance of porcine embryos from the four‐cell stage to the blastocyst grown either in vivo or in vitro. Embryos were collected at slaughter from superovulated gilts and were fixed for transmission electron microscopy either immediately or after various periods of in vitro culture. In general, the morphology of in vivo and in vitro grown embryos was similar. In vivo grown four‐cell stages contained dense fibrillar nucleoli. At the eight‐cell stage the nucleoli possessed increasing amounts of chromatin and granules. In both stages the mitochondria were spherical or ovoid in shape and had only few cristae. In morulae and blastocysts the nucleoli were mainly of the fibrillogranular type, and the mitochondria were filamentous and possessed more cristae, of which many were tubular. Two major ultrastructural deviations were observed in about half of the in vitro cultured embryos. First, nucleolus‐like structures were found outside the nuclei in the cytoplasm of blastomeres. These structures were spherical and composed of chromatin‐like material containing characteristically a single large and several small vacuoles. The structures were frequently associated with profiles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). A second type of deviation was aggregates of SER appearing as spiral coils or multiangular complexes. Some embryos displayed both types of deviations. The physiological significance of these deviations remains speculative. They may be involved in the considerably reduced capability of porcine embryos to develop to piglets following in vitro culture.
A Qualitative Investigation of Bullying

Quantitative analyses of survey or observational data underlie much of the current knowledge about bullying. Rarely have investigators qualitatively tapped the complex and sophisticated knowledge base of children. The present investigation was conducted in order to plumb the working knowledge of intermediate and middle school students about potential strategies for alleviating bullying. Fifth, sixth and seventh-graders (three males and three females) discussed the prevalence of bullying in their school, methods for dealing with bullying employed in the past and future coping strategies. Two of three female interviewees but none of the males reported experiencing bullying at the time of the interviews. While respondents struggled to articulate strategies for coping with bullying, most participants clearly expressed their desire to rationally work through problems with aggressors. When asked to rank order suggested strategies, participants selected violent or aggressive retaliation as the least effective and least desirable coping strategy. Additional themes emerging from the data include gender based experiential and interpretive differences, including the tendency for males to classify most potential conflicts as harmless horseplay. Interviewees portrayed chronic victims as passive and ineffectual when it came to dealing with aggression.
Influence of L2 proficiency on speech movement variability: Production of prosodic contrasts by Bengali–English speakers*

This paper examines the influence of age of immersion and proficiency in a second language on speech movement consistency in both a first and a second language. Ten monolingual speakers of English and 20 Bengali–English bilinguals (10 with low L2 proficiency and 10 with high L2 proficiency) participated. Lip movement variability was assessed based on bilingual participants’ production of four real and four novel words embedded in Bengali (L1) and English (L2) sentences. Lip movement variability was evaluated across L1 and L2 contexts for the production of real and novel words with trochaic and iambic stress pattern. Adult bilinguals produced equally consistent speech movement patterns in their production of L1 and L2 targets. Overall, speakers’ L2 proficiency did not influence their movement variability. Unlike children, the speech motor systems of adult L2 speakers exhibit a lack of flexibility which could contribute to their increased difficulties in acquiring native-like pronunciation in L2.
Cross Cultural Relationships of Depression, Attachment Styles, and Quality of Romantic Relationships: Cultural Difference between Taiwanese/Chinese and American College Students

Relationship quality has been determined to be a positive factor in the treatment of depression (Brown, 2000; Fagan, 2009). Although the importance of marriage has been broadly studied, little research has investigated correlations among relationship quality, depressive moods, and attachment styles. Although the prevalence of depressive moods has been documented within populations of Taiwanese/Chinese international students and American college students (Wei et al., 2007), Wang and Mallinckrodt (2006) found that definitions of ideal attachment differ in these groups. Furthermore, researchers have not yet investigated the effect of cultural differences and attachment styles on the interactions between relationship quality and depressive moods among Taiwanese and Chinese international students. Two-group and four-group comparison (Macready, 2005) methods were applied to answer the following questions: 1) Is there a significant difference between quality of romantic relationships or levels of depressive moods of American college students with anxious or avoidant attachment style and Taiwanese or Chinese college students studying in America with anxious or avoidant attachment style? 2) How does the effect differ between the two groups? A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to determine the effect on the linear combination of relationship quality and levels of depressive moods between the American students and Taiwanese/Chinese international students with different attachment categories (secure, preoccupied, dismissive, and fearful). Four follow-up analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were conducted to determine statistical significant differences in levels of depressive moods or relationship quality among Taiwanese/Chinese international students with different attachment categories.
Narcissism and Leadership: An Object Relations Perspective

Having been largely unknown as a clinical entity, the narcissistic personality has recently come into the limelight. It is argued that one critical component in the orientation of leaders is the quality and intensity of their narcissistic development. In this paper, the relationship between narcissism and leadership is explored. Using concepts taken from psychoanalytic object relations theory, three narcissistic configurations found among leaders are presented: reactive, self-deceptive, and constructive. Their etiology, symptomatology, and defensive structure is discussed. The influence of each configuration on interpersonal relations and decision-making is examined in a managerial context.
The Effects of Emotive Imagery on Strength Performance

In this study, subjects were asked to select three different images they thought would make them angry, fearful, or relaxed. After imagining each scenario, subjects attempted a strength task utilizing a hand grip dynamometer. As predicted by the Oxendine hypothesis, the relaxation image significantly lowered performance on the strength task. Although subjects in the fear and anger conditions reported increased levels of arousal, no increase in strength performance was noted in these two conditions. A cognitive interpretation of the relationship between arousal and performance is advanced in explanation of the present findings. Specifically, it is suggested that preparatory arousal is effective only if subjects focus their attention while aroused on a successful outcome of performance. This explanation is consistent with current conceptualizations of cognitive preparation strategies as coping skill devices by which athletes manage their performance. Future research directions are suggested based upon the p.
Understanding pulsed-cycling variability and endurance in HfOx RRAM

Resistive switching memory (RRAM) devices based on metal oxides are receiving strong interest for future high-density stand-alone memories and storage class memories. To explore possible applications of RRAM, the set/reset variability and cycling endurance must be addressed and understood. This work shows a comprehensive study of pulsed-operated variability and endurance in HfOx-RRAM. We analysed the dependence of switching variability on operation current, voltage and pulse-width, providing guidelines to optimize set/reset distributions in oxide RRAM. The impact of pulse-amplitude and pulse-width on cycling endurance is then discussed. The results are explained by a new physics-based model for endurance controlled by defect injection from the bottom electrode during reset.
Clinical characteristics of mirror syndrome: a comparison of 10 cases of mirror syndrome with non-mirror syndrome fetal hydrops cases

Abstract Objective: To investigate clinical features of mirror syndrome. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 71 cases of fetal hydrops with or without mirror syndrome, and compared with respect to maternal age, the body mass index, the primipara rate, the gestational age at delivery, the timing of fetal hydrops onset, the severity of fetal edema, placental swelling, the laboratory data and the fetal mortality. The data are expressed as the medians. Results: Mirror syndrome developed in 29% (10/35) of the cases with fetal hydrops. In mirror group, the onset time of fetal hydrops was significantly earlier (29 weeks versus 31 weeks, p = 0.011), and the severity of fetal hydrops (fetal edema/biparietal diameter) was significantly higher than non-mirror group (0.23 versus 0.16, p < 0.001). There was significantly higher serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (453 000 IU/L versus 80 000 IU/L, p < 0.001) and lower hemoglobin (8.9 g/dL versus 10.1 g/dL, p = 0.002), hypoalbuminemia (2.3 mg/dL versus 2.7 mg/dL, p = 0.007), hyperuricemia (6.4 mg/dL versus 5.0 mg/dL, p = 0.043) in mirror group. Conclusion: Mirror syndrome is occurred frequently in early and severe fetal hydrops and cause hemodilution and elevation of serum hCG.
Teaching and Learning Mathematics for Social Justice in an Urban, Latino School

This article reports on a 2-year study about teaching and learning mathematics for social justice in an urban, Latino classroom and about the role of an NCTM Standardsbased curriculum. I was the teacher in the study and moved with the class from seventh to eighth grade. Using qualitative, practitioner-research methodology, I learned that students began to read the world (understand complex issues involving justice and equity) using mathematics, to develop mathematical power, and to change their orientation toward mathematics. A series of real-world projects was fundamental to this change, but the Standards-based curriculum was also important; such curricula can theoretically promote equity, but certain conditions may need to exist. Social justice pedagogy broadens the concept of equity work in mathematics classrooms and may help promote a more just society.
Liver-related deaths in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus: the D:A:D study.

BACKGROUND An increasing proportion of deaths among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons with access to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) are due to complications of liver diseases. METHODS We investigated the frequency of and risk factors associated with liver-related deaths in the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs study, which prospectively evaluated 76 893 person-years of follow-up in 23 441 HIV-infected persons. Multivariable Poisson regression analyses identified factors associated with liver-related, AIDS-related, and other causes of death. RESULTS There were 1246 deaths (5.3%; 1.6 per 100 person-years); 14.5% were from liver-related causes. Of these, 16.9% had active hepatitis B virus (HBV), 66.1% had hepatitis C virus (HCV), and 7.1% had dual viral hepatitis co-infections. Predictors of liver-related deaths were latest CD4 cell count (adjusted relative rate [RR], 16.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.1-31.7 for <50 vs > or =500/microL), age (RR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2-1.4 per 5 years older), intravenous drug use (RR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2-3.4), HCV infection (RR, 6.7; 95% CI, 4.0-11.2), and active HBV infection (RR, 3.7; 95% CI, 2.4-5.9). Univariable analyses showed no relationship between cumulative years patients were receiving cART and liver-related death (RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.93-1.07). Adjustment for the most recent CD4 cell count and patient characteristics resulted in an increased risk of liver-related mortality per year of mono or dual antiretroviral therapy before cART (RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02-1.16; P = .008) and per year of cART (RR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02-1.21; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS Liver-related death was the most frequent cause of non-AIDS-related death. We found a strong association between immunodeficiency and risk of liver-related death. Longer follow-up is required to investigate whether clinically significant treatment-associated liver-related mortality will develop.
Injectable osteogenic and angiogenic nanocomposite hydrogels for irregular bone defects

Injectable hydrogels with their 3D structure and good moldability serve as excellent scaffolding material for regenerating irregular non load-bearing bone defects. Most of the bone defects do not heal completely due to the lack of vasculature required for the transport of nutrients and oxygen to the regenerating tissues. To enhance vasculature, we developed an injectable hydrogel system made of chitin and poly (butylene succinate) (PBSu) loaded with 250 ± 20 nm sized fibrin nanoparticles (FNPs) and magnesium-doped bioglass (MBG). FNPs were expected to enhance vascularisation and MBG was expected to help induce early osteogenesis. Composite hydrogels were analysed using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and rheology. Hydrogels with MBG showed a slightly rougher morphology upon SEM analysis. Composites containing 5% MBG and 2% FNPs showed good rheological properties, injectability, temperature stability, biomineralization and protein adsorption. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were used for cyto-compatibility studies. Composite gels with 2% FNPs and 2% MBG (composite 1) were considered to be non-toxic to both the cells and were taken for further in vitro studies. Aortic ring assay was carried out to study the angiogenic potential of the hydrogels. The aorta placed with composite hydrogels showed enhanced sprouting of blood vessels. rASCs too showed good spreading on the composite hydrogels. Hydrogels containing MBG showed early initiation of differentiation and higher expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin confirming the osteoinductive property of MBG. These studies indicate that this composite hydrogel can be used for regenerating irregular bone defects.
Being Hated: Stranger or Familiar?

Like all emotions, hate is comprised of a number of interacting, sometimes contradictory, feelings. This article looks at hate as a form of affect that is tied to the collective sense of estrangement that exists between insider and outsider groups. This link between hatred and estrangement is closely connected to the assumption that the perpetrators of 'real' hate crime are predominantly strangers to the victim. By drawing upon the results of a study into racial and homophobic harassment recorded by the London Metropolitan Police Service, the article questions the stranger-danger image of hate crime and explores the significance of location to the ways in which victims and perpetrators of harassment know each other. It suggests that the spatial ambiguity embodied by estrangement - physical proximity coupled with emotional distance - injects an ambivalence into the victim-perpetrator relationship that has implications for the definition of all hate crime.
Sex stereotypes, gender identity and subject choice at A‐level

Summary The research reported in this paper looks at the relationship between perception of school subjects as masculine or feminine and other attitudes towards sex roles and sex traits, motivation and subject choices at A‐level of boys and girls in coeducational comprehensive schools in England and Wales. The pupils’ perceptions of subjects confirmed earlier findings, in that the sciences were seen as masculine and arts and languages as feminine, although a majority of pupils believed that both sexes were equally good at most subjects. A sex‐stereotyped view of subjects was associated with sex‐stereotyped attitudes towards occupations and roles. It was hypothesized that pupils whose attitudes were stereotyped and who saw themselves conforming to traditional notions of masculinity and femininity would be more likely to choose sex‐appropriate subjects. This hypothesis was confirmed in the case of boys but not for girls. Boys showed much more bias in their subject choices and those choosing exclusively masc.
Developing and Validating New Concepts and Measures of Program Goal Ambiguity in the U.S. Federal Government

The previous research on goal ambiguity has suggested some methodological issues, such as the lack of a clear concept of program goal ambiguity, the use of single-dimension goal ambiguity, the exclusive dependence on perceptual data, and the lack of large-sample empirical studies. Recognizing these issues and identifying goal components or contents (target, time limit, and external evaluation) of goal-setting theory and of the program goal system in the Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART) of the U.S. federal government, this study conceptualizes program goal ambiguity and its three subdimensions: target-specification goal ambiguity, time-specification goal ambiguity, and program evaluation goal ambiguity. In addition, this study develops the objective measures of the three new dimensions of program goal ambiguity and then provides the empirical evidence of the validity, including the convergent or concurrent and discriminant validity, and reliability of the three new measures. The intention of this study is to develop a means to empirically demonstrate goal ambiguity in the U.S. federal programs and, furthermore, build a foundation for the future research related to program goal ambiguity in public administration. To this purpose, the current research focuses on the U.S. federal programs, using a sample consisting of 767 programs.
Understanding information policy: concepts, frameworks and research tools

This paper considers the need for a more systematic and critical approach to the academic study of information policy at national and international level. It reviews the complex, multifaceted nature of large-scale information policy problems and considers some of the main sources of confusion in the journal literature. It is argued that while information policy has been largely technology-driven, the consideration of information policy issues has, for histor ical reasons, typically been discipline-bounded. This has contributed to a fragmentation of research effort and a lack of consensus on the most appropriate home discipline for the study of information policy. In the search for a more critical scientific understanding of information policy issues, a brief review is made of the strengths, limitations and applicability of the broad theoretical and methodolog ical approaches which have been adopted, often implicitly, by writers reporting in the library and information science literature. The paper concludes with a consideration of some desirable characteristics for the design of information policy studies.
Collegiate Coaches' Perceptions of Their Goal-Setting Practices: A Qualitative Investigation

The purpose of the present investigation was to assess the perceptions of coaches regarding the process of goal setting using a qualitative methodology. Participants were 14 NCAA collegiate coaches from the American Midwest representing both team and individual sports. All participants were head coaches and were asked to respond to the interview questions in relation to their current head coaching position. Results revealed that coaches employed goal setting extensively for both individual and team goals in practice and competition. In addition, many interesting findings regarding the process of goal setting emerged including (a) coaches tended to set short-term goals although there were some nebulous longterm goals; (b) coaches only inconsistently wrote down their goals; (c) goals were both dictated by coaches and set in collaboration with players with a focus on collaboration; (d) the primary function of goals was to provide direction and focus; (e) goal commitment was related to enjoyment/fun; (f) process, performance, and outcome goals were set but coaches focused on performance and outcome goals; and (g) physical, psychological, and time barriers impeded goal attainment. These findings are discussed in relation to the current empirical/theoretical goal-setting literature and suggestions for best practice by sport psychology researchers are offered.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of removable and fixed implant‐supported prostheses in edentulous jaws: post‐loading implant loss

Abstract Objectives The aim of this systematic review was to analyze post‐loading implant loss for implant‐supported prostheses in edentulous jaws, regarding a potential impact of implant location (maxilla vs. mandible), implant number per patient, type of prosthesis (removable vs. fixed), and type of attachment system (screw‐retained, ball vs. bar vs. telescopic crown). Material and methods A systematic literature search for randomized‐controlled trials (RCTs) or prospective studies was conducted within PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase. Quality assessment of the included studies was carried out, and the review was structured according to PRISMA. Implant loss and corresponding 3‐ and 5‐year survival rates were estimated by means of a Poisson regression model with total exposure time as offset. Results After title, abstract, and full‐text screening, 54 studies were included for qualitative analyses. Estimated 5‐year survival rates of implants were 97.9% [95% CI 97.4; 98.4] in the maxilla and 98.9% [95% CI 98.7; 99.1] in the mandible. Corresponding implant loss rates per 100 implant years were significantly higher in the maxilla (0.42 [95% CI 0.33; 0.53] vs. 0.22 [95% CI 0.17; 0.27]; P = 0.0001). Implant loss rates for fixed restorations were significantly lower compared to removable restorations (0.23 [95% CI 0.18; 0.29] vs. 0.35 [95% CI 0.28; 0.44]; P = 0.0148). Four implants and a fixed restoration in the mandible resulted in significantly higher implant loss rates compared to five or more implants with a fixed restoration. The analysis of one implant and a mandibular overdenture also revealed higher implant loss rates than an overdenture on two implants. The same (lower implant number = higher implant loss rate) applied when comparing 2 vs. 4 implants and a mandibular overdenture. Implant loss rates for maxillary overdentures on <4 implants were significantly higher than for four implants (7.22 [95% CI 5.41; 9.64] vs. 2.31 [1.56; 3.42]; P < 0.0001). Conclusions Implant location, type of restoration, and implant number do have an influence on the estimated implant loss rate. Consistent reporting of clinical studies is necessary and high‐quality studies are needed to confirm the present results.