Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards a Bourdieusian analysis of the disabled body and practice: embodying negative symbolic capitals and the uneasy experience of hysteresis

Within the last few years, disabled people have become the target of government austerity measures through drastic cuts to welfare justified through the portrayal of benefit claimants as inactive, problem citizens who are wilfully unemployed. For all that is wrong with these cuts, they are one of many aspects of exclusion that disabled people face. Attitudes towards disability are deteriorating (Scope, 2011) and disabled people are devalued and negatively positioned in a myriad of ways, meaning that an understanding of the perceptions and positioning of disability and the power of disabling practices is critical. This thesis will examine how Bourdieu’s theoretical repertoire may be applied to the area of Disability Studies in order to discern how society produces oppressive and exclusionary systems of classification which structures the social position and perceptions of disability. The composite nature of disability and multiple forms of exclusion and inequality associated with it benefits from a multipronged approach which acknowledges personal, embodied and psychological aspects of disability alongside socio-political and cultural conceptualisations. Bourdieu’s approach is one in which the micro and macro aspects of social life are brought together through their meso interplay and provides a thorough analysis of the many aspects of disability.
Good Language-Switchers are Good Task-Switchers: Evidence from Spanish–English and Mandarin–English Bilinguals

Abstract Bilingual advantages in executive control tasks are well documented, but it is not yet clear what degree or type of bilingualism leads to these advantages. To investigate this issue, we compared the performance of two bilingual groups and monolingual speakers in task-switching and language-switching paradigms. Spanish–English bilinguals, who reported switching between languages frequently in daily life, exhibited smaller task-switching costs than monolinguals after controlling for between-group differences in speed and parent education level. By contrast, Mandarin–English bilinguals, who reported switching languages less frequently than Spanish–English bilinguals, did not exhibit a task-switching advantage relative to monolinguals. Comparing the two bilingual groups in language-switching, Spanish–English bilinguals exhibited smaller costs than Mandarin–English bilinguals, even after matching for fluency in the non-dominant language. These results demonstrate an explicit link between language-switching and bilingual advantages in task-switching, while also illustrating some limitations on bilingual advantages. (JINS, 2011, 17, 682–691)
Learning trajectories in analogical reasoning : exploring individual differences in children’s strategy paths

Inductive reasoning and more specifically, analogical reasoning, is a basic process involved in a wide range of higher cognitive processes. Therefore, this type of reasoning is often regarded as representing a core component of intelligence. The first few years of primary school represent a particular time period for the rapid development of this ability. Unsurprisingly, children display much variable inter- and intra-individual strategic analogical behavior at this age. To date, conclusions regarding the nature of changes in the ability to reason by analogy have frequently been drawn on the basis of results obtained from cross-sectional training studies. In contrast, the studies presented in this dissertation were designed to microgenetically investigate young children’s inter- and intra-individual variable analogical learning trajectories over time. By providing children with repeated non-guided practice, dynamic-test-type training and transfer tasks, as well as applying specific methods and analyses, detailed accounts of changing strategic analogical performance were revealed. These accounts were interpreted along five dimensions of cognitive change: the source, rate, path, breadth and variability of change, in accordance with the overlapping waves theory of Siegler (1996)
The Relationship between Childhood Trauma, Attachment Style and Self-Knowledge in People with Borderline Personality Disorder

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The Psychology of "self" is defined as the ordering of human experience and behavior. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between childhood and attachment damages with the integrity of the "self" in people with borderline personality disorder. METHODS: This descriptive correlation study was conducted on 100 patients with borderline personality disorder referred to a psychiatric clinic in Sari hospital, aged 55-18, who were selected by convenience sampling method. Evaluation of the "cohesion" was done using 12-item questionnaire cohesive self-knowledge, 12-item childhood damages of Boglas Brimner and attachment styles of Hazan and Shaver. FINDINGS: The emotional damage had a negatively correlation with 0.23 secure attachment (p<0.05). Physical damage in childhood had a significant negative correlation with an avoidant attachment style and the correlation coefficient was 0.231 (p<0.05). General damages in childhood had a positive and significant relationship with ambivalent attachment style and the correlation coefficient was 0.239 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, safe and avoidant attachment styles had negative relationship with physical and emotional damages in childhood, whereas ambivalent attachment style was positively correlated with childhood damages.
Proteomic Substrate Identification for Membrane Proteases in the Brain

Cell-cell communication in the brain is controlled by multiple mechanisms, including proteolysis. Membrane-bound proteases generate signaling molecules from membrane-bound precursor proteins and control the length and function of cell surface membrane proteins. These proteases belong to different families, including members of the “a disintegrin and metalloprotease” (ADAM), the beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzymes (BACE), membrane-type matrix metalloproteases (MT-MMP) and rhomboids. Some of these proteases, in particular ADAM10 and BACE1 have been shown to be essential not only for the correct development of the mammalian brain, but also for myelination and maintaining neuronal connections in the adult nervous system. Additionally, these proteases are considered as drug targets for brain diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), schizophrenia and cancer. Despite their biomedical relevance, the molecular functions of these proteases in the brain have not been explored in much detail, as little was known about their substrates. This has changed with the recent development of novel proteomic methods which allow to identify substrates of membrane-bound proteases from cultured cells, primary neurons and other primary brain cells and even in vivo from minute amounts of mouse cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This review summarizes the recent advances and highlights the strengths of the individual proteomic methods. Finally, using the example of the Alzheimer-related proteases BACE1, ADAM10 and γ-secretase, as well as ADAM17 and signal peptide peptidase like 3 (SPPL3), we illustrate how substrate identification with novel methods is instrumental in elucidating broad physiological functions of these proteases in the brain and other organs.
Cerebellar White Matter Abnormalities following Primary Blast Injury in US Military Personnel

Little is known about the effects of blast exposure on the human brain in the absence of head impact. Clinical reports, experimental animal studies, and computational modeling of blast exposure have suggested effects on the cerebellum and brainstem. In US military personnel with isolated, primary blast-related ‘mild’ traumatic brain injury and no other known insult, we found diffusion tensor MRI abnormalities consistent with cerebellar white matter injury in 3 of 4 subjects. No abnormalities in other brain regions were detected. These findings add to the evidence supporting the hypothesis that primary blast exposure contributes to brain injury in the absence of head impact and that the cerebellum may be particularly vulnerable. However, the clinical effects of these abnormalities cannot be determined with certainty; none of the subjects had ataxia or other detected evidence of cerebellar dysfunction. The details of the blast events themselves cannot be disclosed at this time, thus additional animal and computational modeling will be required to dissect the mechanisms underlying primary blast-related traumatic brain injury. Furthermore, the effects of possible subconcussive impacts and other military-related exposures cannot be determined from the data presented. Thus many aspects of topic will require further investigation.
Pregnancy Outcomes and Appropriate Timing of Pregnancy in 183 pregnancies in Korean Patients with SLE

This study was undertaken to investigate the pregnancy outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the appropriate timing of pregnancy. We performed a retrospective evaluation of 183 pregnancies with SLE at Catholic University Medical Center during the 13-year period from 1998 to 2010. Pregnancy outcomes were compared according to SLE characteristics. The predictive value of the different cut-off points of the stable period before conception on adverse pregnancy outcomes was calculated by ROC (Receiver operating characteristics) curve analysis. In multivariate analysis, the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) increased the risk of pregnancy loss (p<0.0001) and premature birth (p=0.0040). Active disease at conception increased the risk of premature birth (p< 0.0001) and complications (IUGR, PIH, or both) (p= 0.0078). The other predictor of complications was found to be lupus flare (p=0.0252). At a cut-off level of stable period of 4 months before conception, sensitivity and specificity were 70.8% and 53.2%, 71.4% and 61.5%, and 63.6 % and 59.8 %, respectively on reducing pregnancy loss, premature birth, and complications. Pregnancies with aPLs, active disease at conception and SLE flares are at a higher risk of adverse outcomes. It is essential that disease activity remains stable at least 4 months before conception, for favorable pregnancy outcomes.
Social Welfare under Quantity Competition and Price Competition in a Mixed Duopoly with Network Effects: An Analysis

In their recent work, Matsumura and Ogawa (2012) showed that in the context of a mixed duopoly, equilibrium social welfare is higher in price-setting competition than in quantity-setting competition. We found that when the strength of network effects is sufficiently high, the above result is totally reversed; thus, in a mixed duopoly, the presence of network effects weakens the superiority of price-setting competition with respect to equilibrium social welfare.
Variation in the PDE4D Gene and Ischemic Stroke Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on 5200 Cases and 6600 Controls

Background and Purpose— PDE4D was identified as the first novel gene associated with ischemic stroke risk. Replication studies have produced conflicting results, but many have been small and underpowered. Meta-analysis provides a method to combine this data and determine in a larger sample size whether the association with PDE4D can be replicated. Methods— A meta-analysis of all PDE4D variants investigated in relation to ischemic stroke has been undertaken. Analysis of any variant appearing in 2 or more replication studies was included; this comprised 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms together with allele 0 of minisatellite AC008818 and the G0 haplotype. A total of 16 studies were identified, allowing examination of up to 5216 cases and 6615 controls for a single variant. Analyses were performed including all data, excluding data from the original report (providing true replication data), and for individual stroke subtypes and limited to white ethnicity. Results— No individual single nucleotide polymorphism was associated with all ischemic stroke cases. Allele 0 of AC008818 and haplotype G0 carriers was associated with increased risk (relative risk, 1.12; 95 CI, 1.01 to 1.25; P=0.03 and relative risk, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.33; P=0.007), but these associations became nonsignificant after exclusion of the original study from the analysis (relative risk, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.20; P=0.34 and relative risk, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.34; P=0.06, respectively). Analyzing only whites, the majority of cases studied, did not result in a significant association for any analysis. Few robust associations were found with individual stroke subtypes. Conclusion— No genetic variant examined in PDE4D showed a robust and reproducible association to ischemic stroke. Any association that may exist is likely to be weak and potentially restricted to specific populations.
Prognostic Value of Serum Uric Acid in Patients on the Waiting List before and after Renal Transplantation

Background. High serum uric acid (UA) is associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) risk in the general population. The impact of UA on CV events and mortality in CKD is unclear. Objective. To assess the relationship between UA and prognosis in hemodialysis (HD) patients before and after renal transplantation (TX). Methods. 1020 HD patients assessed for CV risk and followed from the time of inception until CV event, death, or TX (HD) or date of TX, CV event, death, or return to dialysis (TX). Results. 821 patients remained on HD while 199 underwent TX. High UA (≥428 mmol/L) was not associated with either composite CV events or mortality in HD patients. In TX patients high UA predicted an increased risk of events (P = 0.03, HR 1.6, and 95% CI 1.03–2.54) but not with death. In the Cox proportional model UA was no longer significantly associated with CV events. Instead, a reduced GFR (<50 mL/min) emerged as the independent risk factor for events (P = 0.02, HR 1.79, and % CI 1.07–3.21). Conclusion. In recipients of TX an increased posttransplant UA is related to higher probability of major CV events but this association probably caused concurrent reduction in GFR.
Pseudoelasticity in Fe 3 Ga with boron-A combined atomistic e micromechanical treatment

The Fe3Ga base alloy is known to exhibit pseudoelasticity and the solute hardened Fe3GaB holds considerable promise as well. The present work aims at developing a theoretical model to establish the critical twinning stress in Fe3Ga with varying boron concentration. The theoretical model is based on the atomisticemicromechanical approach where we utilize density functional theory and Peierls Nabarro formalism at an atomic scale and the Eshelbian anisotropic elasticity at microscale. Using local strain measurements at the grain scale, we also show the experimental evidence of effect of boron in elevating the twinning stress in Fe3Ga. The work calculates the interaction energies associated with the presence of boron in octahedral, tetrahedral and xenohedral sites in the D03 lattice and the transition from octahedral to xenohedral sites upon twinning. The model distinguishes the elevation of twinning stress depending on the interstitial site and the transition between the sites. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Properties of Satellite Galaxies in External Systems. I. Morphology and Structural Parameters

We present the first results of an ongoing project to study the morphological, kinematical, dynamical, and chemical properties of satellite galaxies of external giant spiral galaxies. The sample of objects has been selected from the catalog by Zaritsky et al. The paper analyzes the morphology and structural parameters of a subsample of 60 such objects. The satellites span a great variety of morphologies and surface brightness profiles. About two-thirds of the sample are spirals and irregulars, the remaining third being early-types. Some cases showing interaction between pairs of satellites are presented and briefly discussed.
Student Evaluations of Teaching (Mostly) Do Not Measure Teaching Effectiveness

Student evaluations of teaching (SET) are widely used in academic personnel decisions as a measure of teaching effectiveness. We show: SET are biased against female instructors by an amount that is large and statistically significant the bias affects how students rate even putatively objective aspects of teaching, such as how promptly assignments are graded the bias varies by discipline and by student gender, among other things it is not possible to adjust for the bias, because it depends on so many factors SET are more sensitive to students' gender bias and grade expectations than they are to teaching effectiveness gender biases can be large enough to cause more effective instructors to get lower SET than less effective instructors. These findings are based on nonparametric statistical tests applied to two datasets: 23,001 SET of 379 instructors by 4,423 students in six mandatory first-year courses in a five-year natural experiment at a French university, and 43 SET for four sections of an online course in a randomized, controlled, blind experiment at a US university.
A novel multi-functional converter system equipped with input voltage regulation and current ripple suppression

This paper introduces a multi-functional converter system (MFCS) for HEVs, equipped with input voltage regulation and current ripple suppression. The MFCS consists of a motor, an inverter and a battery, and the battery connected to the neutral point of the motor. However, the basic type MFCS circuit have the advantage of omitting the DC/DC converter, it still needs an external inductor, or large current ripple arises, it causes loss, acoustic noise and vibration, and also has limitations in input voltage regulation range. To improve the MFCS, the two-motor type MFCS is proposed, the battery connected between the neutral points of two three-phase motors. When the two inverters are cooperated, the current ripple suppressed into 1/4.5 of the basic type. And it realizes wider input voltage regulation range than that of the basic type.
Quartic Moveout Coefficient : 3-D Description And Application to Tilted TI Media

Nonhyperbolic (long-spread) moveout provides essential information for a number of seismic inversion/ processing applications, particularly for parameter estimation in anisotropic media. Here, we present an analytic expression for the quartic moveout coefficient A4 that controls the magnitude of nonhyperbolic moveout of pure (nonconverted) modes. Our result takes into account reflection-point dispersal on irregular interfaces and is valid for arbitrarily anisotropic, heterogeneous media. All quantities needed to compute A4 can be evaluated during the tracing of the zero-offset ray, so long-spread moveout can be modeled without timeconsuming multioffset, multiazimuth ray tracing. The general equation for the quartic coefficient is then used to study azimuthally varying nonhyperbolic moveout of P-waves in a dipping transversely isotropic (TI) layer with an arbitrary tilt ν of the symmetry axis. Assuming that the symmetry axis is confined to the dip plane, we employed the weak-anisotropy approximation to analyze the dependence of A4 on the anisotropic parameters. The linearized expression for A4 is proportional to the anellipticity coefficient η≈ 2− δ and does not depend on the individual values of the Thomsen parameters. Typically, the magnitude of nonhyperbolic moveout in tilted TI media above a dipping reflector is highest near the reflector strike, whereas deviations from hyperbolic moveout on the dip line are substantial only for mild dips. The azimuthal variation of the quartic coefficient is governed by the tilt ν and reflector dip φ and has a much more complicated character than the NMO–velocity ellipse. For example, if the symmetry axis is vertical (VTI media, ν= 0) and the dip φ > 30◦, A4 goes to zero on two lines with different azimuths where it changes sign. If the symmetry axis is orthogonal to the reflector (this model is typical for thrust-and-fold belts), the strike-line quartic coefficient is defined by the well-known expression for a horizontal VTI layer (i.e., it is independent of dip), while the dip-line A4 is proportional to cos4 φ and rapidly decreases with dip. The high sensitivity of the quartic moveout coefficient to the parameter η and the tilt of the symmetry axis can be exploited in the inversion of wide-azimuth, long-spread P-wave data for the parameters of TI media.
A mathematical model of the in vitro micronucleus assay predicts false negative results if micronuclei are not specifically scored in binucleated cells or in cells that have completed one nuclear division.

A mathematical model is described that predicts the effect of altered nuclear/cell division kinetics and cytotoxicity on micronucleus expression in vitro when the micronucleus assay is performed without discriminating between cells that have divided once and cells that have not divided after genotoxic insult. The model is based on the probabilities of: (i) a viable cell completing nuclear division; (ii) micronucleus expression in a cell that completes nuclear division after genotoxic insult; (iii) a cell not dividing and surviving as a mononuclear cell; (iv) a cell dying by necrosis or apoptosis. The model predicts: (i) false negative results for relatively weak chromosome damaging agents that also inhibit nuclear division, if micronuclei are scored in mononucleated cells without discriminating between divided and non-divided cells; (ii) this tendency for a false negative result when scoring micronuclei without discriminating between non-divided and once-divided mononuclear cells increases with cell lines and culture conditions that do not result in optimal rates of nuclear division (i.e. >90% of dividing cells); (iii) the absolute increment in micronucleus frequency in binucleated cells is at least 2-fold greater than that observed in mononucleated cells when nuclear division is not inhibited and this difference increases with increasing nuclear inhibition. The number of dead cells does not influence the micronucleus frequency if only viable cells are considered when determining the micronucleus frequency ratio. The results from this model suggest that the micronucleus assay when performed by scoring mononucleated cells, without restricting the score to those cells that have divided once after genotoxic insult, is prone to produce false negative results and, therefore, cannot be considered reliable or conclusive. Scoring of micronuclei in cytokinesis-blocked binucleated cells is predicted by the model to provide consistent results under all culture conditions and based on these theoretical results should be considered the preferred choice.
Analysis of HTTP Requests for Anomaly Detection of Web Attacks

Attacks against web servers and web-based applications remain a serious global network security threat. Attackers are able to compromise web services, collect confidential information from web data bases, interrupt or completely paralyze web servers. In this study, we consider the analysis of HTTP logs for the detection of network intrusions. First, a training set of HTTP requests which does not contain any attacks is analyzed. When all relevant information has been extracted from the logs, several clustering and anomaly detection algorithms are employed to describe the model of normal users behavior. This model is then used to detect network attacks as deviations from the norms in an online mode. The simulation results presented show that, compared to other data mining algorithms, the method results in a higher accuracy rate.