Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Omega-3 Fatty Acid Consumption and Food Sources Differ among Elderly Men Living in Coastal and Internal Regions of Saudi Arabia

Research suggests that omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) play an important role in reducing the risk of heart diseases. The objectives of the current study were to investigate the consumption and the food sources of n-3 FAs in two samples of elderly men living in different geographic locations (coastal and internal regions) of Saudi Arabia. Sixty men from each of the coastal and the internal regions provided a 24-hour recall and 2-day food record and a food frequency questionnaire. Food Processor Plus computer program software (ESHA Version 0.7; Salem, Oregon, 2002) was used to analyze the dietary intake. The intake of total n-3 FAs, alpha-lenolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were higher among the coastal region residents than among the internal residents (P < 0.05). English walnuts, salmon, canola oil, malabar cavalla and king mackerel were the top five foods contributing to the n-3 FA intakes in the coastal region. The top five foods contributing to the n-3 FA intakes in the internal region were English walnuts, lamb, whole milk, baked beans and chicken. The food contributing the most to the intake of n-3 FAs in both regions were English walnuts. In conclusion, the food consumption pattern for food providing n-3 FAs differs by location and coastal residents consume more than twice as much n-3 FAs as internal residents. Nutrition education intervention among internal residents is needed for increasing the consumption of n-3 FAs.
Solidarité et urbanisation à Pékin : l'exemple du « village de Zhejiang »

Depuis l’ouverture de la Chine a l’economie de marche, le developpement des villes a attire de nombreux ruraux voulant profiter de cette opportunite. Mais le controle de la localisation des populations par le « hukou » leur interdit l’acces aux services publics. Pour eviter de tomber dans l’exclusion, elles ont developpe des strategies collectives. Ces strategies, qui reposent sur une combinaison originale entre concurrence et solidarite, sont a la base d’un territoire qui ne peut plus etre nie par les autorites municipales. Nous entendons suggerer dans cet article que le transfert des modeles de solidarite villageoise en milieu urbain peut permettre a l’urbanisation chinoise de s’exprimer sur un mode moins « dommageable » aux rapports humains…
Groupdrink: The Effects of Alcohol and Group Process on Vigilance Errors

University of KentThis research examined how group processes alter the impact of alcohol on a judgmenttask requiring vigilance. The authors compared two competing explanations, deindi-viduation and group monitoring, for the possible effects of alcohol. Two hundredand eighty-six undergraduates with normal drinking habits undertook a vigilance taskalone or in four-person groups having consumed either alcohol (calculated to achieveup to .08 blood alcohol content) or a placebo. The vigilance task required them to countoccurrences of the word the in a spoken passage. Alcohol signi cantly impaired theperformance of individuals but not groups. Group members performed at a similar levelin both conditions, making fewer errors than individuals in the alcohol condition. The t of different decision-making models were tested. In both the alcohol and placeboconditions, group consensus was predicted by processes consistent with the groupmonitoring hypothesis. The evidence highlights that under certain conditions, groupprocess can compensate for the cognitively impairing effects of alcohol on individuals.Keywords: alcohol, group decisions, vigilance
Proteins of nucleotide and base excision repair pathways interact in mitochondria to protect from loss of subcutaneous fat, a hallmark of aging

Defects in the DNA repair mechanism nucleotide excision repair (NER) may lead to tumors in xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) or to premature aging with loss of subcutaneous fat in Cockayne syndrome (CS). Mutations of mitochondrial (mt)DNA play a role in aging, but a link between the NER-associated CS proteins and base excision repair (BER)-associated proteins in mitochondrial aging remains enigmatic. We show functional increase of CSA and CSB inside mt and complex formation with mtDNA, mt human 8-oxoguanine glycosylase (mtOGG)-1, and mt single-stranded DNA binding protein (mtSSBP)-1 upon oxidative stress. MtDNA mutations are highly increased in cells from CS patients and in subcutaneous fat of aged Csbm/m and Csa−/− mice. Thus, the NER-proteins CSA and CSB localize to mt and directly interact with BER-associated human mitochondrial 8-oxoguanine glycosylase-1 to protect from aging- and stress-induced mtDNA mutations and apoptosis-mediated loss of subcutaneous fat, a hallmark of aging found in animal models, human progeroid syndromes like CS and in normal human aging.
Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria-Inhibited Staphylococcus epidermidis.

INTRODUCTION Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria are able to produce antimicrobial compounds to inhibit opportunisticwounding skin pathogen. The antimicrobial compounds produced are organic acids, putative bacteriocin, hydrogen peroxide, and diacetyl. Staphylococcus epidermidis is well-known as an opportunistic wounding skin pathogen in wound infections related to implanted medical devices. OBJECTIVE To screen 87 strains of LAB and 3 strains of bifidobacteria for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis.Additionally, this study sought to determine and quantify types of antimicrobial compounds produced by LAB. MATERIALS AND METHODS Inhibitory activity of LAB and bifidobacteria on S. epidermidis was assessed with the spectrophotometric method using a 96-well microplate reader. Characterization of cell-free supernatant (CFS) was done using analytical methods. Lactobacillus fermentum (collected by the Bioprocess Department at the Universiti Sains Malaysia [BD]) 1912d, Lactobacillus casei BD 1415b, Lactobacillus fermentum BD 8313a, Pediococcus pentosaceus BD 1913b, and Weissella cibaria (collected by the Food Technology Department at the Universiti Sains Malaysia [FTDC]) 8643 with high percentage of inhibition (P < 0.05), ranging from 73.7% to 88.2%, as compared to the control, were selected for subsequent analyses. Upon neutralization, the antimicrobial activity showed a drastic drop (P < 0.05) in the percentage of inhibition. Concentrations of the inhibitive metabolites were produced in varying amounts and were strain dependent. RESULTS Results demonstrated that lactic acid in all strains was produced in a more predominant amount than acetic acid. Protein concentration production ranged from 0.081-0.215 mg/mL. L. fermentum BD 1912d yielded as much as 0.014 mg/mL hydrogen peroxide, which was significantly higher than other strains studied. Diacetyl was produced in a higher concentration by Weissella cibaria FTDC 8643 at 2.884 ng/mL; the lowest concentration of 0.465 ng/mL was produced by Ped. pentosaceus BD 1913b. CONCLUSION Antimicrobial metabolites from CFS of lactic acid bacteria were effective in repressing the growth of opportunistic wounding dermal pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Reply to Gualda & Ghiorso Comment on ‘A Metamodel for Crustal Magmatism: Phase Equilibria of Giant Ignimbrites’

We welcome the opportunity to clarify issues raised by Gualda & Ghiorso (GG Fowler & Spera, 2008; Fowler & Spera, 2010) how cooling and crystallization and/or assimilation can lead inherently to destabilization and eruption of several well-known magmatic systems. Fig. 15e (Fowler & Spera, 2010) summarizes the lithostatic pressure, melt fraction, and initial wt. % H2O conditions that may lead to destabilization. One contentious point raised by GG Fowler & Spera, 2010) a scale analysis aimed at providing a system thermal lifetime estimate for a particular set of initial conditions and configuration: cooling of a fixed mafic magma mass, assuming closed-system behaviour (no thermal or mass recharge), a simple magma body shape, a fixed heat flux, and eruption of some fraction of differentiated magma formed by fractional crystallization. As opposed to a scale analysis, a proper thermal model would necessarily include computation of conjugate heat transfer rates across a magma body^host-rock boundary zone. For a particular system, such a thermal model should account for the threedimensional magma body geometry (size, shape, and depth), the time history of magma recharge (very difficult to gauge without real-time geodetic data; e.g. Lundgren et al., 2003), host-rock thermophysical properties (notably thermal conductivity and permeability structure, including anisotropy; e.g. Rosenberg & Spera, 1990), the regional stress field (an important feedback to permeability and, hence, heat transfer), and detailed crustal stratigraphy. Sufficient spatial resolution (of the order of 10m) would be required, based on conjugate heat transfer zone thickness. Initial conditions, generally unknown, would also need to be specified. Computation of such a model is extremely challenging, requiring a great deal of focused effort. We have not made this calculation (neither have G&G) because there are so many uncertain quantities as to render any ‘detailed’ model as uncertain as the simple scaling estimate embodied in equation (1) of Fowler &
Long-term impact of sustained-deficit irrigation on yield and fruit quality in sweet orange cv. Salustiana (SW Spain)

Long-term impact of different sustained-deficit irrigation (SDI) treatments on a 13-year-old orange orchard (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck, cv. Salustiana) was studied from 2004 to 2008. The experiment consisted of a control irrigation treatment which was applied at 100% of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) values for the whole season, and three SDIs imposed as a function of different water-stress index (WSI) values, defined as the ratio of the actual volume of water supply to the ETc rate. The values defined by the WSI were 0.75, 0.65, and 0.50. The plant-water status was measured through the midday stem-water potential (ΨStem). Yearly, yield and fruit quality were evaluated at harvest in each treatment, and a global analysis was carried out using the whole dataset. Overall, no significant differences were found in fruit yield between SDIs and control treatments, although significant differences appeared in some of the fruit-quality parameters (total soluble solids and titrable acidity) which also showed significant relationships with integrated stem-water potential (ΨInt) and irrigation water applied. These findings lead us to conclude that SDIs have important and statistically significant effects on fruit quality. Thus, the application of sustained-deficit irrigation (SDI with WSI of 50) provides promising possibilities for optimising citrus irrigation and boosting the water productivity for citrus orchards in a semiarid Mediterranean climate.
Observed Changes in the Morphology and Phenotype of Breast Cancer Cells in Direct Co-Culture with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

Background: Regarding aesthetics and long-term stability, cell-assisted lipotransfer is a promising method for breast reconstruction. Here, autologous fat grafts enriched with autologous adipose-derived stem cells are transferred. However, as adipose-derived stem cells secrete high amounts of growth factors, potential risks of tumor reactivation remain. In this study, influences of adipose-derived stem cells on inflammatory breast cancer cells were evaluated in a direct co-culture system. Methods: Human adipose-derived stem cells were isolated and cultivated either alone or in a direct co-culture with the inflammatory breast carcinoma cell line T47D. At different time points, cell morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy, cell membranes were stained by immunofluorescence, and gene expression was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: In co-cultures, T47D breast carcinoma cells showed tumorsphere-typical growth surrounded by a monolayer of adipose-derived stem cells. Direct cell-to-cell contacts could be observed between the two different cell types. Immunofluorescence revealed vesicular exchange and fusion between carcinoma cells and adipose-derived stem cells. Expression levels of transcriptional genes for typical malignancy markers were substantially higher in co-cultures compared with single cultures. Conclusions: Direct intercellular contact between carcinoma cells and adipose-derived stem cells by means of exosomal vesicular exchange was revealed. Breast cancer cells displayed a change towards a more malignant phenotype associated with higher rates of metastasis and worsened prognosis. As cell-assisted lipotransfer is often performed after breast cancer surgery, transfer of adipose-derived stem cells might lead to deterioration of prognosis in case of recurrence as it has been described for inflammatory breast cancer.
Experimental micro-mechanics of granular media studied by x-ray tomography: Recent results and challenges

Combining x-ray tomography and three-dimensional (3D) image analysis has finally opened the way for experimental micro-(geo)mechanics, allowing access to different scales of interest. When these correspond to a scale that has been imaged at high spatial resolution, high-quality measurements can be obtained (e.g. 3D displacements and rotations of individual grains of sand sample under load). However, there are issues when the scale of interest is smaller, for example the characterisation of grain-to-grain contacts (their orientations and evolution) or production of fines by grain breakage. This paper presents a short selection of new grain-scale measurements obtained using existing techniques. The challenges associated with smaller scale measurements on the same images are also discussed through a few examples from ongoing work.
Studies on the formation of phthalanilide-deoxyribonucleic acid complexes and their relationship to chemotherapeutic activity.

Complexes between DNA[3][1] and substituted iso- and terephthalanilides occur in dilute aqueous solution and are measured by spectrophotometric methods. There appears to be no specificity among DNA preparations from different sources or different phthalanilides with regard to the stoichiometry of the interaction. The DNA-phthalanilide complex is less affected by heating and cooling than DNA alone. Most of the phthalanilide-DNA complexes examined are partially dissociable at moderate (0.01 m) salt concentrations and completely dissociable in 8 m urea. Poly-l-lysine also causes a dissociation of the complex. However, 1 congener, 4′,4″-bis( N ′-methylamidino)terephthalanilide, forms a complex with DNA which is stable in 0.1 m CaCl2 or 0.155 m NaCl. In general, the phthalanilide-DNA complex appears to be the result of weak ionic forces, with the exception of 4′,4″-bis( N ′-methylamidino)terephthalanilide. Hydrogen bonding and perhaps hydrophobic bonding are also thought to play a lesser role in the formation of phthalanilide-DNA complexes. The disposition of DNA as a helix or random coil may also affect the interaction. The interaction between DNA and the phthalanilides in vitro does not appear to be correlated with the therapeutic efficacy of this class of compounds in the treatment of mouse leukemia, although it has not been ruled out as a possible primary site of action in vivo . [1]: #fn-3
Duality of thermal regimes is the distinctive characteristic of plate tectonics since the Neoarchean

Ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) granulite metamorphism is documented predominantly in the Neoarchean to Cambrian rock record, but UHT granulite metamorphism also may be inferred at depth in Cenozoic orogenic systems. The first occurrence of UHT granulite metamorphism in the record signifies a change in geodynamics that generated transient sites of very high heat flow. Many UHT granulite metamorphic belts may have developed in settings analogous to modern continental backarcs; on a warmer Earth, destruction of oceans floored by thinner lithosphere may have generated hotter backarcs than those associated with the modern Pacific ring of fire. Medium-temperature eclogite–high- pressure (EHP) granulite metamorphism is documented in the Neoarchean rock record and at intervals throughout the Proterozoic and Paleozoic record. EHP granulite metamorphic belts are complementary to UHT granulite metamorphic belts in that they are generally inferred to record subduction-to-collision orogenesis. Blueschists become evident in the Neoproterozoic rock record, but lawsonite blueschist–eclogite metamorphism (high pressure [HP]) and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism (UHP) characterized by coesite or diamond are predominantly Phanerozoic phenomena. HP-UHP metamorphism registers the low thermal gradients and deep subduction of continental crust during the early stage of subduction-to-collision orogenesis. A duality of metamorphic belts—reflecting a duality of thermal regimes—appears in the record only since the Neoarchean Era. A duality of thermal regimes is the hallmark of modern plate tectonics, and the duality of metamorphic belts is the characteristic imprint of plate tectonics in the rock record. The occurrence of both UHT and EHP granulite metamorphism since the Neoarchean marks the onset of a “Proterozoic plate tectonics” regime, which evolved during a Neoproterozoic transition to the modern plate tectonics regime, characterized by colder subduction as chronicled by HP-UHP metamorphism.
A Chandra Observation of Abell 13: Investigating the Origin of the Radio Relic

We present results from the Chandra X-ray observation of Abell 13, a galaxy cluster that contains an unusual noncentral radio source, also known as a radio relic. This is the first pointed X-ray observation of Abell 13, providing a more sensitive study of the properties of the X-ray gas. The X-ray emission from Abell 13 is extended to the northwest of the X-ray peak and shows substructure indicative of a recent merger event. The cluster X-ray emission is centered on the bright galaxy H of Slee et al. We find no evidence for a cooling flow in the cluster. A knot of excess X-ray emission is coincident with the other bright elliptical galaxy F. This knot of emission has properties similar to the enhanced emission associated with the large galaxies in the Coma Cluster. With these Chandra data we are able to compare the properties of the hot X-ray gas with those of the radio relic from VLA data, to study the interaction of the X-ray gas with the radio-emitting electrons. Our results suggest that the radio relic is associated with cooler gas in the cluster. We suggest two explanations for the coincidence of the cooler gas and radio source. First, the gas may have been uplifted by the radio relic from the cluster core. Alternatively, the relic and cool gas may have been displaced from the central galaxy during the cluster merger event.
Influence of nutrition on feline calcium oxalate urolithiasis with emphasis on endogenous oxalate synthesis

The prevalence of calcium oxalate (CaOx) uroliths detected in cats with lower urinary tract disease has shown a sharp increase over the last decades with a concomitant reciprocal decrease in the occurrence of struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) uroliths. CaOx stone-preventative diets are available nowadays, but seem to be marginally effective, as CaOx urolith recurrence occurs in patients fed these diets. In order to improve the preventative measures against CaOx urolithiasis, it is important to understand its aetiopathogenesis. The main research focus in CaOx formation in cats has been on the role of Ca, whereas little research effort has been directed towards the role and origin of urinary oxalates. As in man, the exogenous origin of urinary oxalates in cats is thought to be of minor importance, although the precise contribution of dietary oxalates remains unclear. The generally accepted dietary risk factors for CaOx urolithiasis in cats are discussed and a model for the biosynthetic pathways of oxalate in feline liver is provided. Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 (AGT1) in endogenous oxalate metabolism is a liver-specific enzyme targeted in the mitochondria in cats, and allows for efficient conversion of glyoxylate to glycine when fed a carnivorous diet. The low peroxisomal activity of AGT1 in cat liver is compatible with the view that felids utilised a low-carbohydrate diet throughout evolution. Future research should focus on understanding de novo biosynthesis of oxalate in cats and their adaptation(s) in oxalate metabolism, and on dietary oxalate intake and absorption by cats.
Disinhibition Mediates the Relationship Between ADHD and Problematic Alcohol Use in College Students

Objective: High-risk alcohol use among college students has received substantial attention in recent years, and intervention and prevention efforts have increased dramatically. The current study examined ADHD as a risk factor for problematic drinking among college students. Trait disinhibition and difficulty stopping a drinking session were examined as potential mechanisms through which ADHD is associated with alcohol-related problems. Method: Participants included 100 full-time undergraduate students with (n = 48) and without (n = 52) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) ADHD. Results: Students with ADHD had higher rates of alcohol-related problems and alcohol-use disorders across multiple measures. Both disinhibition and difficulty stopping a drinking session independently mediated the relationship between ADHD and negative consequences of alcohol use. Conclusion: These findings indicate that college students with ADHD are at increased risk for alcohol-related problems. Trait disinhibition and difficulty stopping a drinking session represent mechanisms of high-risk alcohol use among college students with ADHD.
Miocene to Pliocene palaeogeographic evolution of Turkey and its surroundings

Abstract Palaeogeographic studies suggest that the main mammal migration to Anatolia started in the late early to middle Miocene, following the closure of the Bitlis Ocean in southeastern Turkey. These animals, including hominoids, were able to migrate over the land bridge thus formed to Central and Western Anatolia where they settled. We discuss the Miocene to Pliocene palaeogeographic evolution of Turkey and its surroundings, in order to show what conditions were effective on this settlement.
Atmospheric methane between 1000 A.D. and present: Evidence of anthropogenic emissions and climatic variability

Atmospheric methane mixing ratios from 1000 A.D. to present are measured in three Antarctic ice cores, two Greenland ice cores, the Antarctic firn layer, and archived air from Tasmania, Australia. The record is unified by using the same measurement procedure and calibration scale for all samples and by ensuring high age resolution and accuracy of the ice core and firn air. In this way, methane mixing ratios, growth rates, and interpolar differences are accurately determined. From 1000 to 1800 A.D. the global mean methane mixing ratio averaged 695 ppb and varied about 40 ppb, contemporaneous with climatic variations. Interpolar (N-S) differences varied between 24 and 58 ppb. The industrial period is marked by high methane growth rates from 1945 to 1990, peaking at about 17 ppb yr−1 in 1981 and decreasing significantly since. We calculate an average total methane source of 250 Tg yr−1 for 1000–1800 A.D., reaching near stabilization at about 560 Tg yr−1 in the 1980s and 1990s. The isotopic ratio, δ13CH4, measured in the archived air and firn air, increased since 1978 but the rate of increase slowed in the mid-1980s. The combined CH4 and δ13CH4 trends support the stabilization of the total CH4 source.