Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proximate, Nutrient and Mineral Composition of Cuttlefish (Sepia recurvirostra)

The proximate, nutrient and mineral analyses were conducted on the head and mantle of cuttlefish (Sepia recurvirostra). Proximate analysis showed both head and mantle of cuttlefish contained 13.16 -13.51% protein, 0.7- 0.9% ash, 0.8% fat and1-1.4% carbohydrate. Amino acid analysis revealed cuttlefish contained essential and non essential amino acid with arginine (0.97%) and glutamate (0.81%) was the highest in the head, respectively, while lysine (0.7%) and glutamate (0.7%) was the highest in the mantle, respectively. Lipid of cuttlefish contained high Percentage of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) with a high content of DHA (17.5-20.5%). The C16:0 and C18:0 were the most abundant saturated fatty acid in the head and mantle. Mineral analysis showed high contents of sodium, phosphorus, potassium and calcium, with sodium content being the highest (1532.7-1610.4 mg/kg). Zinc and copper were the dominant trace minerals in both portions. This study showed that cuttlefish contain essential nutrients for human good health with high in protein and mineral content.
β2 Glycoprotein 1 in Indian Patients with SLE

Forty-five patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were investigated to evaluate the role of antiphospholipid antibodies in causation of thrombosis in Indians. The antiphospholipid antibodies studied included lupus anticoagulant (LAC), anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL), and anti-β2-glycoprotein 1 (aβ2-GP1). Twenty-seven patients (60%) had clinical manifestations of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Nineteen patients (42.2%) had a history of thrombosis, and eight (17.7%) had a history of recurrent fetal loss. aβ2-GP1 was (IgG) was positive in 23 (51.1%), aCL in 13 (28.8%), and LAC in four (8.8%). Of 19 patients with thrombosis, 14 (73.6%) were positive for aβ2-GP1, eight (42.1%) for aCL, and none of them was positive for LAC. Of the eight patients with recurrent fetal loss, two (25%) patients were positive for β2-GP1, five (62.5%) for aCL, and one (12.5%) for LAC. Of 18 patients without any manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), seven patients (38.8%) were positive for aβ2-GP1, and three (16.6%) for aCL and LAC each. It is concluded that presence of aβ2-GP1 increases the risk of thrombosis and therefore should be looked for in all cases of SLE to consider prophylactic antithrombotic therapy in these patients.
Research, part of a Special Feature on Multicriteria Assessment of Food System Sustainability Scope and precision of sustainability assessment approaches to food systems

With sustainability within food systems becoming an increasingly important issue, several approaches that claim to assess the sustainability of farms, farming systems, and supply chains have been developed. Looking more closely at these sustainability impact assessment approaches, we discerned considerable differences between them in terms of scope, the level of assessment, and the precision of indicators used for impact assessment. Our aim was to classify and analyze a range of available sustainability impact assessment approaches with respect to scope and precision. From a total of 35 sustainability assessment approaches, we selected 6 for a detailed comparison. From our analysis, we concluded that there are 3 different types of trade-offs in these approaches: between different kinds of scope, between different indicators for precision and trade-offs, and between the scope and precision. Thus, one-size- fits-all solutions, with respect to tool selection, are rarely feasible. Furthermore, as indicator selection determines the assessment results, different and inconsistent indicators can lead to contradictory assessment results that may not be comparable. To overcome these shortcomings, sustainability impact assessments should include a precise definition of the notion of "sustainability" along with a description of the methodological approach and the indicator sets and should aim for harmonization of indicators and assumptions. Global initiatives such as the Sustainability Assessment in Food and Agriculture Systems (SAFA) Guidelines are a helpful step toward shedding light on the differences of these approaches and making the assessment results more comparable.
Assessment of the Toxic Potential of Carbosulfan in Rats Following Subchronic Treatment

The effect of Carbosulfan (CB), a carbamate insecticide which has been used widely in agriculture, was investigated using wistar rat. Carbosulfan was administered orally at sublethal concentration at a dose of 25 mg/kg to 12 male rats ad libitum during the tests for 30 days consecutively. The effect of CB on hematological constituent (Red Blood Corpuscules (RBC), White Blood Corpuscules (WBC), Mean Cell Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), platelet (PLT) Hemoglobin (HGB) and Hematocrit (HCT) levels) and serum damage marker enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanin aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) of rats were investigated under laboratory conditions . Body weight, organ weight, cellularity of spleen, spleen cell subtypes, cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation assay were also studied. CB treatments caused different effects on the hematological constituents and the serum marker enzymes of the treatment groups as compared to the controls. Results showed that CB-treated group had a significantly lower RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH and MCHC and significantly higher WBC and PLT. Also, serum marker enzymes were affected by CB. For example, ALT, ALP, creatinine and urea significantly increased in rats treated with CB. Our data showed that CB at 25 mg/kg/day could suppress cellular activity of the immune system. At this dose, CB significantly decreased the proliferation response to PHA and the production of IFN gamma and IL-4.
On the Complexities of China's WTO Accession

What are the reasons for and significance of not including China in the WTO? After recalling why the world has a WTO and what membership involves, this paper then examines why China wishes to join and the stumbling blocks that have caused the delay in China’s WTO accession. A summary of some recent empirical estimates of the likely orders of magnitude of the economic effects of its accession, both to China and to the rest of the world, highlight the folly of delaying membership. The stumbling blocks concern whether China should be granted developing country status in the WTO, whether China would be a ‘fair’ competitor given the dominance of state-owned enterprises in that economy still, what the extent and conditions of market access into China would be, and whether China can deliver on its promise of stricter enforcement of intellectual property rights. Actions needed by China for getting over those stumbling blocks include building a stronger and broader domestic consensus based on the net benefits from WTO membership, providing greater trade policy transparency and market access, and working towards a compromise on the issue of China’s developing country status in the WTO.
ERP adoption by public and private organizations – a comparative analysis of successful implementations

The business environment has changed dramatically in the last years. The organizations are now more complex in terms of their structure and geographical dispersion. Daily, great amounts of information are produced and, to surpass these problems, organizations have invested in Enterprise Resource Planning systems (ERP). The same trends can be detected within the public sector. The interest generated by the ERP phenomenon is growing and the particularities of the public sector make specific studies necessary. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to examine the adoption process of ERP systems by public and private organizations. Which ERP modules are mostly adopted? Which reasons legitimate ERP adoption? Using a survey research methodology, this study reveals that the need to increase the demand for real-time information, to obtain information for decision-making and the integration of applications appear as main reasons to implement an ERP system. Although the reasons given are the same for public and private organizations, the results of this study also show that the modules implemented are slightly different; the importance or dominance of each module may differ; and the deployment time is shorter in the public sector. Since comparative studies are relatively scarce, our work helps to reduce this knowledge gap.
The joint effect of board characteristics on financial performance: Empirical evidence from Egypt

Purpose - – This paper aims to investigate the joint effect of board characteristics on financial performance. Most of the existing literature implicitly assumes that the relationship between either board composition, or board leadership structure and financial performance is direct. Design/methodology/approach - – The generalized least squares method was performed as a panel data analysis on a sample of 40 Egyptian listed firms during the period from 2008 to 2010. Findings - – The results demonstrated that under board leadership structure that assigns the duties of the CEO and chairman to the same person, increasing the proportion of non-executive members to the total number of directors has a negative impact on firm financial performance. Practical implications - – First, corporate governance structures do not operate in a vacuum, and therefore, corporate governance mechanisms must be considered and assessed altogether. Second, failure to understand the underlying interdependency among corporate governance mechanisms may result in arguments that blame some corporate governance designs for poor financial performance. Third, there is no single board governance mechanism that can be considered ideal, but there are combinations of these mechanisms that are preferred. Originality/value - – The paper adds to the corporate governance literature by providing empirical evidence from the emerging market of Egypt. The evidence shows that the relationship between board characteristics and financial performance is not a monotonic relationship. Consequently, these findings imply that existing evidence explaining the relationship between board characteristics and financial performance needs to be interpreted with some caution.
C 75 is converted to C 75-CoA in the hypothalamus , where it inhibits carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and decreases food intake and body weight

Central nervous system administration of C75 produces hypophagia and weight loss in rodents identifying C75 as a potential drug against obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanism underlying this effect is unknown. Here we show that C75-CoA is generated chemically, in vitro and in vivo from C75 and that it is a potent inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltranferase 1 (CPT1), the rate-limiting step of fatty-acid oxidation. Three-D docking and kinetic analysis support the inhibitory effect of C75-CoA on CPT1. Central nervous system administration of C75 in rats led to C75-CoA production, inhibition of CPT1 and lower body weight and food intake. Our results suggest that inhibition of CPT1, and thus increased availability of fatty acids in the hypothalamus, contribute to the pharmacological mechanism of C75 to decrease food intake. # 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. avai lable at www.sc iencedi rec t . com journal homepage: www.elsevier. com/locate/biochempharm
How Career and Technical Education Can Help Students Be College and Career Ready: A Primer.

Prepared for the College and Career Readiness and Success Center (CCRS Center) by Betsy Brand, Andrew Valent, and Andrea Browning of the American Youth Policy Forum, a lead partner of the CCRS Center Today’s economy demands a better educated workforce than ever before, and jobs in this new economy require more complex knowledge and skills than the jobs of the past. Research from the Center for Education and the Workforce at Georgetown University debunks the oft-cited myth that the economy lacks jobs for young people to fill, finding instead that industries across the economy have created a wealth of new jobs that require workers with appropriate education and training. The center also projects that nearly two thirds of jobs created in the United States by the year 2018 will require some form of postsecondary education (Carnevale, Smith, & Strohl, 2010). To meet these workforce needs, President Obama has set a goal of ensuring that every American has access to at least one year of postsecondary training or higher education to gain the skills needed to rebuild the economy and meet workforce demands.
Metformin inhibits growth of thyroid carcinoma cells, suppresses self-renewal of derived cancer stem cells, and potentiates the effect of chemotherapeutic agents.

CONTEXT Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are the major reasons for a higher prevalence of several cancer entities in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Metformin exerts a growth-inhibitory effect by reducing hyperinsulinemia and by a direct cellular action. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of metformin on growth of differentiated human thyroid cells, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells, a doxorubicin-resistant thyroid carcinoma cell line, and thyroid cancer stem cells. DESIGN The antimitogenic effect of metformin was studied in thyroid cells derived from goiters and in thyroid carcinoma cell lines by analysis of cell growth, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Furthermore, the influence of pretreatment with insulin or with chemotherapeutic agents on metformin-induced growth inhibition was investigated in thyroid carcinoma cells, in a doxorubicin-resistant thyroid carcinoma cell line, and in derived carcinoma stem cells. RESULTS Metformin showed an antimitogenic effect by inhibition of cell cycle progression and induction of apoptosis. In addition, metformin antagonized the growth-stimulatory effect of insulin, inhibited clonal cell growth, reduced thyroid cancer sphere formation, and potentiated the antimitogenic effect of chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin and cisplatin on undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma cells. Remarkably, the antiproliferative effect of metformin was even found in a doxorubicin-resistant thyroid carcinoma cell line. The growth-inhibitory effect of metformin was, however, not restricted to differentiated thyroid cells and undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma cells but was also demonstrated in thyroid carcinoma cancer stem cells. CONCLUSIONS Metformin markedly diminished growth stimulation by insulin and showed an additive antimitogenic effect to chemotherapeutics agents. Therefore, our results suggest this drug as adjuvant treatment for thyroid cancer in type 2 diabetic patients.
Persistence of business cycles in multisector real business cycle models

In this paper we explore whether the changing composition of output in response to technology shocks can play a significant role in the propagation of shocks over time. For this purpose we study two multisector real business cycle models, with two and three sectors. We find that, although the two-sector model requires a high intertemporal elasticity of substitution of consumption to match the various dynamic properties of US macroeconomic data, the three-sector model has a strong propagation mechanism under conventional parameterizations, as long as the factor intensities in the three sectors are different enough.
The Influence of Nonaudit Service Revenues and Client Pressure on External Auditors' Decisions to Rely on Internal Audit*

This paper investigates how external auditor provision of significant non-audit services and client pressure to use the work of internal audit influence external auditors' use of internal auditors' work. More specifically, we study how external audit evidence gathering choices are influenced by non-audit fees and client pressure. Our research is motivated by an observation that the magnitude of non-audit services provided to audit clients introduces the risk that client management may leverage its position with the external auditor and potentially affect the audit process. We address this issue by extending prior research and focusing on the importance of various explanatory variables, including non-audit service revenues, client pressure, internal audit quality, and coordination, to the external auditor's decision to rely on the work of internal audit. We use data primarily obtained through surveys completed by internal and external auditors. The survey responses represent 74 separate audit engagements. Our findings reveal that when significant non-audit services are not provided to a client, internal audit quality and the level of internal/external auditor coordination positively affect auditors' internal audit reliance decisions. However, when the auditor provides significant non-audit services to the client, internal audit quality and the extent of internal/external auditor coordination do not significantly affect auditors' reliance decisions. Furthermore, when significant non-audit services are provided, client pressure significantly increases the extent of internal audit reliance. Thus, external auditors appear to be more affected by client pressure and less concerned about internal audit quality and coordination when making internal audit reliance decisions at clients for whom significant non-audit services are also provided.
Dynamic Nature of Host-Pathogen Interactions inMycobacterium marinum Granulomas

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium marinum causes long-term subclinical granulomatous infection in immunocompetent leopard frogs (Rana pipiens). These granulomas, organized collections of activated macrophages, share many morphological features with persistent human tuberculous infection. We examined organs of frogs with chronicM. marinum infection using transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with immunohistochemistry and acid phosphatase cytochemistry to better define the bacterium-host interplay during persistent infection. Bacteria were always found within macrophage phagosomes. These phagosomes were often fused to lysosomes, in sharp contrast to those formed during in vitro infection of J774 macrophage-like cells by M. marinum. The infected macrophages in frog granulomas showed various levels of activation, as evidenced by morphological changes, including epithelioid transformation, recent phagocytic events, phagolysosomal fusion, and disintegration of bacteria. Our results demonstrate that even long-term granulomas are dynamic environments with regard to the level of host cell activation and bacterial turnover and suggest a continuum between constantly replicating bacteria and phagocytic killing that maintains relatively constant bacterial numbers despite an established immune response. Infection with a mutant bacterial strain with a reduced capacity for intracellular replication shifted the balance, leading to a greatly reduced bacterial burden and inflammatory foci that differed from typical granulomas.
Characterization of RD-114 Virus Isolated from a Commercial Canine Vaccine Manufactured Using CRFK Cells

ABSTRACT Recently, we found that several commercial pet vaccines were contaminated with an infectious endogenous retrovirus, RD-114-related virus. Here, we determined the entire nucleotide sequences of RD-114-related viruses isolated from CRFK cells and a vaccine manufactured using CRFK cells. These RD-114-related viruses were nearly identical to the authentic RD-114 virus.
PROFIT: CONCEPTUAL ISSUES AND THEIR IMPACT ON NEW-VENTURE AND SMALL-BUSINESS FINANCING

ABSTRACT Profit is a simple word that is used frequently in the business world. Nevertheless, many unresolved conceptual issues revolve around it, affecting the measurement of business profit and the formulation of financing strategies for new ventures and small businesses. The paper deals with the factors that motivate people to venture into their own businesses. A study is made of the impact on new-venture and small-business financing strategy if an assumption is made that profit maximization is the sole motivator for the venture. A further analysis is made of the effect on information users, and on the small firm's financial health, if opportunity cost and entrepreneur's non-financial personal contribution to business are not accounted for as business expenses in the determination of a firm's profit. On the basis of the analysis, the paper concludes that to adequately measure a firm's profit, the residual income concept must be adopted and last, but not least, new-venture founders and small-business ow.
Cognitive Ability as a Factor in Engagement in Drug Abuse Treatment

This study examined correlates of high (HCA) and low (LCA) cognitive ability among substance dependent individuals who participated in an ongoing study of early engagement strategies. Participants (55% male; 98% African American), were administered the ASI, Shipley Institute of Living Scale, Beck Hopelessness scale, and TCU Motivation Scales at intake. Analyses were limited to 416 participants whose IQs fell within the upper and lower thirds of the sample. HCA participants reported more prior treatment episodes and longer durations of voluntary abstinence than LCA participants. There were no differences in retention, although HCA participants expressed significantly greater motivation and hopefulness at intake than LCA participants. Results indicate that clients with higher cognitive ability may present with a greater capacity to engage in treatment than individuals with lower cognitive ability.
Trends Affecting Ohio State University Extension in the 21st Century and the Implications for Human Capital.

Research with a diverse array of organizations in the public and private sectors has documented a common set of trends affecting organizations and their human capital in the 21st century. Similar trends have been identified as important for Extension organizations and the Cooperative Extension System. It is important to determine if such trends identified over the past 20 years remain current, or if new trends have emerged. Moreover, trends and their implications need to be described in sufficient detail to serve as a basis for action. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe current trends affecting Ohio State University Extension and the implications of those trends for the work of Extension professionals. The study was designed as action research with a series of highly participatory approaches to engage employees in defining, refining, and validating a list of trends and their implications. Mixed methods were used with an emphasis on qualitative approaches. The findings from this study consist of five trends and seven implications for Extension work, which are identified and described.
Co‐operative Life Cycle and Goals

Ten case study businesses were assessed in relation to sixteen criteria in order to test the application of an hypothesised life cycle. Analysis of stakeholder aspirations for each of these ten businesses was also undertaken. On the basis of the empirical evidence, it was demonstrated that stakeholder groups favour diverse goals, that the level of goal coherence between major stakeholder groups declines as a co‐op progresses through the co‐operative life cycle and that in the later stages of the life cycle, the aspirations of the managers, rather than those of the farmers, are realised. Furthermore, the managers' preferred goals are reflected in the organisational and financial structures and trading practices of individual late stage businesses, which are more akin to investor oriented firms than traditional co‐operatives.