Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Politics of Community Policing: Rearranging the Power to Punish

In this in-depth examination of community policing in Seattle, William T. Lyons, Jr. explores the complex issues associated with the establishment and operation of community policing, an increasingly popular method for organizing law enforcement in this country.Stories about community policing appeal to a nostalgic vision of traditional community life. Community policing carries with it the image of a safe community in which individual citizens and businesses are protected by police they know and who know them and their needs. However, it also carries an image of community based in partnerships that exclude the least advantaged, strengthen the police, and are limited to targeting those disorders feared by more powerful parts of the community and most amenable to intervention by professional law enforcement agencies.The author argues that the politics of community policing are found in the construction of competing and deeply contested stories about community and the police in environments characterized by power inbalances. Community policing, according to the author, colonizes community life, increasing the capacity of the police department to shield itself from criticism, while manifesting the potential for more democratic forms of social control as evidenced by police attention to individual rights and to impartial law enforcement.This book will be of interest to sociologists and political scientists interested in the study of community power and local politics as well as criminologists interested in the study of police.William T. Lyons, Jr. is Assistant Professor of Political Science, University of Akron. He previously worked for the Seattle Police Department.
Least Types for Memory Locations in Java Tm Bytecode (extended Summary)

(Java) bytecode veriication should ensure type-safety for Java Virtual Machine (JVM) programs (byte-code) and form a basis for Java-based internet security. Recent research work has proposed using formal typing rules to enforce constraints on types for memory locations in bytecode and thus formally specify (part of) bytecode veriication. In this paper, we take one step forward and show that typing rules can be non-deterministically and repeatedly used in an arbitrary order to compute the least types for memory locations satisfying the constraints, if there are any, or to report a failure, if there are none. The result implies that theoretically a bytecode veriier can have any strategy visiting program points in bytecode without aaecting the acceptance of bytecode, i.e. without causing denial of services provided by bytecode. It also suggests ways to implement bytecode veriication directly using formal speciication.
Interactions between Meteorus pulchricornis and Spodoptera exigua Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus

Abstract Baculoviruses may interact with parasitoids in the same host. A previous study has shown that infection of larvae with Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltNPV) was deleterious to the survival and development of Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). In this paper, the interactions between M. pulchricornis and Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) in Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a permissive host of the virus and parasitoid, were investigated. The results showed that the effect of M. pulchricornis on SeMNPV and the effect of the virus on the parasitoid both depended on the concentration of the virus and the interval between viral infection and parasitism. Whether S. exigua was treated with the parasitoid and virus simultaneously or 1 day apart, the biological activities of 105, 106, and 107 OBs/mL SeMNPV were all significantly improved by M. pulchricornis. In contrast, the biological activity of 103 OBs/mL SeMNPV was significantly decreased when the host was exposed to the virus and parasitoid simultaneously. Regarding the impact of SeMNPV on M. pulchricornis, exposing the host to the parasitoid and SeMNPV with concentrations lower than 106 occlusion bodies (OBs)/mL produced no negative effects on the parasitoid. The results also showed that ingestion of SeMNPV by adult stage M. pulchricornis significantly increased the number of parasitoid offspring that successfully emerged from the host. Furthermore, M. pulchricornis was found to transmit SeMNPV among populations of S. exigua. Taken together, these findings indicate that M. pulchricornis integrated with an appropriate concentration of SeMNPV has the potential to improve the efficacy of biological control against S. exigua.
Performance modeling for runtime kernel adaptation: A case study on infectious disease simulation

In many large-scale scientific applications, there may be a compute intensive kernel that largely determines the overall performance of the application. Sometimes algorithmic variations of the kernel may be available and a performance benefit can then be gained by choosing the optimal kernel at runtime. However, it is sometimes difficult to choose the most efficient kernel as the kernel algorithms have varying performance under different execution conditions. This paper shows how to construct a set of performance models to explore and analyze the bottleneck of an application. Furthermore, based on the performance models, a theoretical method is proposed to guide the kernel adaptation at runtime. A component-based large-scale infectious disease simulation is used to illustrate the method. The performance models of the different kernels are validated by a range of experiments. The use of runtime kernel adaptation shows a significant performance gain.
He Who Counts Elects: Determinants of Fraud in the 1922 Colombian Presidential Election

This paper constructs measures of the extent of ballot stuffing (fraudulent votes) and electoral coercion at the municipal level using data from Colombia's 1922 Presidential elections. Our main findings are that the presence of the state reduced the extent of ballot stuffing, but that of the clergy, which was closely imbricated in partisan politics, increased coercion. We also show that landed elites to some extent substituted for the absence of the state and managed to reduce the extent of fraud where they were strong. At the same time, in places which were completely out of the sphere of the state, and thus partisan politics, both ballot stuffing and coercion were relatively low. Thus the relationship between state presence and fraud is not monotonic.
Introducing the SPMRL 2014 Shared Task on Parsing Morphologically-rich Languages

This first joint meeting on Statistical Parsing of Morphologically Rich Languages and Syntactic Analysis of Non-Canonical English (SPMRL-SANCL) featured a shared task on statistical parsing of morphologically rich languages (SPMRL). The goal of the shared task is to allow to train and test different participating systems on comparable data sets, thus providing an objective measure of comparison between state-of-the-art parsing systems on data data sets from a range of different languages. This 2014 SPMRL shared task is a continuation and extension of the SPMRL shared task, which was co-located with the SPMRL meeting at EMNLP 2013 (Seddah et al., 2013). This paper provides a short overview of the 2014 SPMRL shared task goals, data sets, and evaluation setup. Since the SPMRL 2014 largely builds on the infrastructure established for the SPMRL 2013 shared task, we start by reviewing the previous shared task (§2) and then proceed to the 2014 SPMRL evaluation settings (§3), data sets (§4), and a task summary (§5). Due to organizational constraints, this overview is published prior to the submission of all system test runs, and a more detailed overview including the description of participating systems and the analysis of their results will follow as part of (Seddah et al., 2014), once the shared task is completed.
An ARHGEF10 Deletion Is Highly Associated with a Juvenile-Onset Inherited Polyneuropathy in Leonberger and Saint Bernard Dogs

An inherited polyneuropathy (PN) observed in Leonberger dogs has clinical similarities to a genetically heterogeneous group of peripheral neuropathies termed Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease in humans. The Leonberger disorder is a severe, juvenile-onset, chronic, progressive, and mixed PN, characterized by exercise intolerance, gait abnormalities and muscle atrophy of the pelvic limbs, as well as inspiratory stridor and dyspnea. We mapped a PN locus in Leonbergers to a 250 kb region on canine chromosome 16 (Praw = 1.16×10−10, Pgenome, corrected = 0.006) utilizing a high-density SNP array. Within this interval is the ARHGEF10 gene, a member of the rho family of GTPases known to be involved in neuronal growth and axonal migration, and implicated in human hypomyelination. ARHGEF10 sequencing identified a 10 bp deletion in affected dogs that removes four nucleotides from the 3′-end of exon 17 and six nucleotides from the 5′-end of intron 17 (c.1955_1958+6delCACGGTGAGC). This eliminates the 3′-splice junction of exon 17, creates an alternate splice site immediately downstream in which the processed mRNA contains a frame shift, and generates a premature stop codon predicted to truncate approximately 50% of the protein. Homozygosity for the deletion was highly associated with the severe juvenile-onset PN phenotype in both Leonberger and Saint Bernard dogs. The overall clinical picture of PN in these breeds, and the effects of sex and heterozygosity of the ARHGEF10 deletion, are less clear due to the likely presence of other forms of PN with variable ages of onset and severity of clinical signs. This is the first documented severe polyneuropathy associated with a mutation in ARHGEF10 in any species.
Parietal Cortex Mediates Conscious Perception of Illusory Gestalt

Grouping local elements into a holistic percept, also known as spatial binding, is crucial for meaningful perception. Previous studies have shown that neurons in early visual areas V1 and V2 can signal complex grouping-related information, such as illusory contours or object-border ownerships. However, relatively little is known about higher-level processes contributing to these signals and mediating global Gestalt perception. We used a novel bistable motion illusion that induced alternating and mutually exclusive vivid conscious experiences of either dynamic illusory contours forming a global Gestalt or moving ungrouped local elements while the visual stimulation remained the same. fMRI in healthy human volunteers revealed that activity fluctuations in two sites of the parietal cortex, the superior parietal lobe and the anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS), correlated specifically with the perception of the grouped illusory Gestalt as opposed to perception of ungrouped local elements. We then disturbed activity at these two sites in the same participants using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). TMS over aIPS led to a selective shortening of the duration of the global Gestalt percept, with no effect on that of local elements. The results suggest that aIPS activity is directly involved in the process of spatial binding during effortless viewing in the healthy brain. Conscious perception of global Gestalt is therefore associated with aIPS function, similar to attention and perceptual selection.
Transportation infrastructure and economic development: A review of recent literature

In this paper the author examines the debate regarding the direction which infrastructure investment policy should take into the 21st century. Section II provides a brief exposition on the evolution of transportation policy in passenger and freight. A review of the empirical literature investigating the relationship between public capital, focused heavily on transportation infrastructure, and economic growth is contained in Section III. Section IV contains a summary and some conclusions.
Trust and Confidence in Criminal Justice: A Review of the British Research Literature

This paper reviews the British research literature on public trust and confidence in criminal justice. The review falls into three sections. The first section documents the ways in which trust, confidence and legitimacy have been defined and measured. The second section outlines (a) levels of public confidence and (b) trends and trajectories over the past few decades. The third examines the various explanations put forward for the roots and dynamics of public perceptions of criminal justice. In line with extant research in this area, the primary focus of the review is on the police.
Applications of Orthogonal Matching Pursuit in Compressed Sensing

In this paper, we study the efficiency of compressed sensing by using Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP). We show that if a Matrix has coherence less than 1 20K0:8 and satisfies the Restricted Isometry Property (RIP) of order (CK 1:2 ) with constant = cK 0:2 , then a K-sparse signal x can be recovered from y = x via Orthogonal Matching Pursuit in at most optimal approximation on the first (CK 1:2 ) iterations.
'Sleeping with the Enemy' or 'An Ounce of Prevention': Sovereign Wealth Fund Investments and Market Destabilization

We investigate whether the accusations raised by the popular press regarding the potential destabilizing force of sovereign wealth fund investment have merit. Specifically, we examine the effect of sovereign wealth fund (SWF) investment on return and volatility, both for the target firm and the local market index. We find evidence of both a reduction of target returns and risk, but find that risk is not sufficiently reduced to offset the change in return. We also find that the market wide return to risk ratios indicate uncompensated risk following SWF investment for the market as a whole. Firm volatility decomposition suggests that both total risk and idiosyncratic risk relative to returns are not compensated at the same level following SWF investment as they were preceding it. In a limited Granger causality analysis, we find that SWF investment Granger-causes the firm level return/risk relation to deteriorate. We do not, however, find that the media Granger-causes the poor performance. The decrease in return without a corresponding decrease in volatility suggests that sovereign wealth fund investment could be potentially destabilizing.
Management Change in Government: critical factors in the implementation of accounting change in a Public Sector Organisation

The field of research related to management accounting change is in need of more investigation, especially regarding the introduction and implementation of accounting systems in both the private and public sectors. Also, there are different factors that influence the introduction and implementation of those systems by facilitating or impeding such change. This research attempts to respond to the call from the literature that there is a need for further investigation in order to enhance the understanding of why such organisations become subject to management accounting change and how organisations respond to this accounting change, especially in the public sector. Moreover, this research focuses on exploring the critical factors that are located in the three institutional levels mentioned in the Dillard model (2004): the economic and political level, organisational field level and organisational level. In addition, the research investigates the relationships between these levels, including relationships between the factors, by means of a case study that focuses on Abu Dhabi Police who witnessed the national strategic change, including accounting change, led by the Abu Dhabi Government in 2007. This research uses a qualitative methodology and implements both interview and document analysis methods in order to enrich the level of understanding of the accounting change in the Abu Dhabi Police organisation. The findings present evidence regarding the critical factors at each level and the effects of those factors on the accounting change in a public sector organisation. The economic and political level comprised power, structure, leadership, culture, change agency, resources and accounting systems. Also, the critical factor explored at organisational field level was partnership culture. Moreover, at organisational level there were ten critical factors considered for investigation in the present study: power, structure, leadership, communication, accounting systems, training, internal policy, resources, politics and culture. In addition, the research explains the nature of the relationship and the types of influences between Abu Dhabi Executive Council and Abu Dhabi Police. On the basis of these results, the in-depth understanding of these factors and their impact offers a contribution to the successful introduction and implementation of management accounting systems in the public sector, especially in the Middle East and the United Arab Emirates.
Ascorbic Acid in Human Seminal Plasma: Determination and Its Relationship to Sperm Quality

The objective of the present study was to assess the ascorbic acid (AA) levels in seminal plasma of the fertile and infertile men and to investigate its relationship with sperm count, motility and normal morphology. Semen samples were provided by fertile [smoker (n = 25), nonsmoker (n = 21)] and infertile men [smoker (n = 23), nonsmoker (n = 32)]. A simplified method of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) procedure using UV detection was applied for the determination of seminal AA. Fertile subjects, smoker or not, demonstrated significantly higher seminal AA levels than any infertile group (p<0.01). Nonsmokers had high, but no significant, mean AA levels in their seminal plasma compared with smokers. Seminal AA in fertile and infertile (smokers or nonsmokers) males correlated significantly with the percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology (p<0.01). Seminal AA decreased significantly in infertile men. Decrease of seminal plasma AA is a risk factor for low normal morphology of spermatozoa and idiopathic male infertility. Measurement of seminal AA in the seminal plasma of males with a history of subfertility or idiopathic infertility is necessary and can be helpful in fertility assessment.
Business process modeling through the knowledge management perspective

Purpose – As economies move into the information age and post‐industrial era, information and knowledge become important resources to organizations. The article sets out to discuss the role and contribution of business process modeling (BPM) in the knowledge management initiative and in the management of company‐specific knowledge.Design/methodology/approach – The authors consider BPM as a tool for knowledge management that allows the transformation of informal knowledge into formal knowledge and facilitates its externalization and sharing. The article starts with the brief introduction of the theoretical background of business process modeling and its basic concepts, and also presents definitions and concepts of major knowledge categories, knowledge processes and knowledge resources, as have been given by different authors in the knowledge management (KM) domain. These definitions are used as a basis for the knowledge category model and knowledge process model proposed by the authors.Findings – The artic.
Calibration of Temperature Futures by Changing the Mean Reversion

In this work we conduct a study on the calibration of futures contracts on temperature indices. We consider a continuous-time autoregressive dynamics for the deseasonalized temperatures and a pricing measure allowing for a simultaneous change of the level and speed of mean reversion in the risk neutral dynamics. We compare this pricing measure with the one provided by the classical Girsanov's transform. Our study shows that the new pricing measure provides better calibration errors and more realistic risk premium profiles.
Explicit and Implicit Anti-Fat Attitudes in Children and Their Relationships with Their Body Images

Objective: This study aimed to explore the prevalence of negative attitudes toward overweight peers among children using different explicit and implicit measures, and to analyze their relationships with some aspects of their body image. Method: A total of 120 children aged 6–11 years were interviewed using a computer program that simulated a game containing several tasks. Specifically, we have applied multiple measures of explicit attitudes toward average-weight/overweight peers, several personal body attitudes questions and a child-oriented version of the Implicit Association Test. Results: Our participants showed important prejudice and stereotypes against overweight children, both at the explicit and implicit levels. However, we found important differences in the intensity of prejudice and its developmental course as a function of the tasks and the type of measurement used to assess it. Conclusions: Children who grow up in Western societies idealize thinness from an early age and denigrate overweight, to which they associate explicitly and implicitly a series of negative traits that have nothing to do with the weight. As they grow older, they seem to reduce their levels of explicit prejudice, but not the intensity of implicit bias. More research is needed to study in depth prejudice and discrimination toward overweight children from a developmental point of view.
Liberal Peace: Selected Essays

Introduction Part 1: Kantian Theory of Liberalism 1. Kant, Liberal Legacies, and Foreign Affairs: Part I (1983) 2. Kant, Liberal Legacies, and Foreign Affairs: Part II (1983) 3. Liberalism and World Politics (1986) Part 2: Liberalism in Theoretical Context 4. Politics and Grand Strategy (1993) 5. The Voice of the People: Political Theorists on the International Implications of Democracy (1994) 6. One World, Many Peoples: International Justice in John Rawls's The Law of Peoples (2006) Part 3: Liberal Grand Strategies: Ethics and Politics 7. An International Liberal Community (1992) 8. A More Perfect Union? The Liberal Peace and the Challenge of Globalization (2000) 9. A Few Words on Mill, Walzer and Nonintervention (2009) Part 4: Conclusion 10. Conclusion: Liberal Peace revisited (2010)
Rumen-protected choline: A significance effect on dairy cattle nutrition

Choline is a vitamin-like substance it has multi-function in animal production, reproduction, and health. The transition period is most crucial stage in lactation cycle of dairy cows due to its association with negative hormonal and energy balances. Unfortunately, unprotected choline easily degrades in the rumen; therefore, choline added to the diet in a rumen-protected form. The use of rumen-protected choline (RPC) is a preventive measurement for the fatty liver syndrome and ketosis; may improve milk production as well as milk composition and reproduction parameters. This review summarizes the effectiveness of RPC on animal production, health, and reproduction.