Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is the Definition of Roma an Important Matter? The Parallel Application of Self and External Classification of Ethnicity in a Population-Based Health Interview Survey

The Roma population is typified by a poor and, due to difficulties in ethnicity assessment, poorly documented health status. We aimed to compare the usefulness of self-reporting and observer-reporting in Roma classification for surveys investigating differences between Roma and non-Roma populations. Both self-reporting and observer-reporting of Roma ethnicity were applied in a population-based health interview survey. A questionnaire was completed by 1849 people aged 18–64 years; this questionnaire provided information on 52 indicators (morbidity, functionality, lifestyle, social capital, accidents, healthcare use) indicators. Multivariate logistic regression models controlling for age, sex, education and employment were used to produce indicators for differences between the self-reported Roma (N = 124) and non-Roma (N = 1725) populations, as well as between observer-reported Roma (N = 179) and non-Roma populations (N = 1670). Differences between interviewer-reported and self-reported individuals of Roma ethnicity in statistical inferences were observed for only seven indicators. The self-reporting approach was more sensitive for two indicators, and the observer-reported assessment for five indicators. Based on our results, the self-reported identity can be considered as a useful approach, and the application of observer-reporting cannot considerably increase the usefulness of a survey, because the differences between Roma and non-Roma individuals are much bigger than the differences between indicators produced by self-reported or observer-reported data on individuals of Roma ethnicity.
Document heading doi : Detection and sequencing of plasmid encoded tetracycline resistance determinants ( tet A and tet B ) from food-borne Bacillus cereus isolates

Detection and sequencing of plasmid encoded tetracycline resistance determinants (tetA and tetB) from food-borne Bacillus cereus isolates Mudasir Ali Rather, Rabinder Singh Aulakh, Jatinder Paul Singh Gill, Abdul Qayoom Mir, Mir Nadeem Hassan Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, J&K (190 006), India Department of Veterinary Public Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University-Ludhiana (141 004), Punjab, India
Dielectric Properties of SnO2 Thin Film Using SPR Technique for Gas Sensing Applications

Focus has been made on the determination of dielectric constant of thin dielectric layer (SnO2 thin film) using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique and exploiting it for the detection of NH3 gas. SnO2 thin film has been deposited by rf-sputtering technique on gold coated glass prism (BK-7) and its SPR response was measured in the Kretschmann configuration of attenuated total reflection using a p-polarised light beam at 633 nm wavelength. The SPR response of bilayer film was fitted with Fresnel’s equations in order to calculate the dielectric constant of SnO2 thin film. The air/SnO2/Au/prim system has been utilized for detecting varying concentration (500 ppm to 2000 ppm) of NH3 gas at room temperature using SPR technique. SPR curve shows significant shift in resonance angle from 44.8° to 56.7° on exposure of fixed concentration of NH3 gas (500 ppm to 2000 ppm) with very fast response and recovery speeds.
Comparative inhalation toxicity of ethyltoluene isomers in rats and mice

Abstract The C9 alkylbenzenes, composed mostly of ethyltoluenes and trimethylbenzenes, comprise 75–90% of the naphtha fraction of crude oil. Occupational and environmental exposure to C9 alkylbenzenes occur via inhalation. We conducted short-term inhalation studies on the ethyltoluene isomers (2-, 3- or 4-) to select one isomer for more comprehensive studies. Male Hsd:Sprague Dawley rats and female B6C3F1/N mice (n = 10) were exposed by nose-only inhalation to 2-, 3- or 4-ethyltoluene (0, 1000 or 2000 ppm) or cumene (a reference compound: 0, 500 or 1000 ppm) 3 h/day, 5 days/week, for 2 weeks. Clinical observations included abnormal gait and delayed righting reflex. Rats and mice exposed to 2000 ppm 2-ethyltoluene and mice exposed to 2000 ppm 4-ethyltoluene were euthanized early in moribund condition; no exposure-related deaths were observed with 3-ethyltoluene or cumene. Histopathology of selected tissues revealed that the nose and liver (rats and mice) and lung (mice only) to be toxicity targets. In the mouse lung, all compounds except 4-ethyltoluene produced bronchial and bronchiolar hyperplasia. In rats and mice, 2-ethyltoluene was the only compound to produce lesions in the nose and liver: in mice, squamous metaplasia and neutrophilic inflammation of the respiratory epithelium and atrophy and degeneration of the olfactory epithelium were observed in the nose and centrilobular hypertrophy and necrosis were observed in the liver. In rats, 2-ethyltoluene exposure produced atrophy of the olfactory epithelium in the nose and centrilobular necrosis in the liver. Based on mortality, body weight effects and histopathology, the 2-ethyltoluene isomer was the most potent isomer.
Still Hammerable and Exploitable: on the Effectiveness of Software-only Physical Kernel Isolation

All the state-of-the-art rowhammer attacks can break the MMU-enforced inter-domain isolation based on the fact that the physical memory owned by each domain is adjacent to each other. To mitigate such attacks, CATT as the first generic and practical technique, essentially separates each domain physically. It divides the physical memory into multiple partitions and keeps each partition occupied by only one domain, called the single ownership invariant. Hence, all existing rowhammer attacks are effectively defeated. In this paper, we develop a novel practical exploit, which could effectively defeat CATT and gain both root and kernel privileges, without exhausting page cache and system memory, or relying on any virtual-to-physical mapping information. Specifically, our key observation is that on the modern OSes there exist double-ownership kernel buffers (e.g., video buffers) owned concurrently by the kernel and user domains, invalidating the singleownership invariant enforced by CATT and making the rowhammer-based attack become possible again. In contrast to existing conspicuous rowhammer exploits that exhaust page cache or even the whole system memory, we propose a new attack technique, named memory ambush, which is able to place the hammerable kernel buffers physically adjacent to the target objects (e.g., page tables) with only a small amount of memory, making our exploit stealthier and fewer memory fingerprints. We also replace the inefficient rowhammer algorithm that blindly picks up addresses for hammering with an efficient one, which probes suitable addresses using a side channel. We implement our exploit on the Linux kernel 4.10. 0-generic. Our experiment results indicate that our exploit is able to gain the root and kernel privileges within roughly 1 to 36 minutes. The occupied memory could be reduced to 128MB.
Adaptive Radar Detection Using Two Sets of Training Data

This paper deals with adaptive radar detection of a point-like target in a homogeneous environment characterized by the presence of clutter, jamming, and radar internal noise. At the design stage, two training datasets, whose gathering is carefully motivated in the paper, are considered to get receiver adaptation. Hence, the maximum likelihood estimator of the interference covariance matrix for the cell under test is computed exploiting both the available secondary sets. This estimate is then used to build two adaptive decision rules based on the two-step generalized likelihood ratio test and Rao test criteria. Remarkably, they are not limited by the conventional constraint on the cardinality of the classic training dataset. At the analysis stage, the detection performances of the newly proposed detectors are compared with those of the analogous conventional counterparts and the interplay among the different parameters of the problem is thoroughly studied.
Fibre Reinforced Polymers Part II: Effect on Mechanical Properties

Abstract The paper describes different effects on the mechanical properties of fibre reinforced polymers, such as direction and the amount of fibres, impregnation of fibres with the polymer base, and adhesion between fibres and the polymer base. Direction of the fibres can be unidirectional (vertical to the direction of loading), i.e. bidirectional or multidirectional (under different angles to the direction of loading), or even in random order. The amount of fibres also increases the strength of the composite, although reinforcement with fibres can only be efficient when loading is transferred from the base to the fibres. This requires good impregnation of the fibres with the polymer base, which depends on the type and viscosity of the polymer base (prior to polymerisation), and possibility of good moistening of each fibre. For improvement of adhesion between the polymer base and glass fibres bonding/coupling agents are used, particularly silane. They bond to the surface of the glass by silane bridges and by co-polymerisation initiated by free radicals bond with the polymer base, thus improving adhesion between fibres and the polymer base. Apart from the mechanical properties, such good bonding is also important for reducing the unfavourable effect of water on the marginal surface of the fibre-base.
Riding out DOMsday: Towards Detecting and Preventing DOM Cross-Site Scripting

—Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities are the most frequently reported web application vulnerability. As complex JavaScript applications become more widespread, DOM (Document Object Model) XSS vulnerabilities—a type of XSS vulnerability where the vulnerability is located in client-side JavaScript, rather than server-side code—are becoming more common. As the ﬁrst contribution of this work, we empirically assess the impact of DOM XSS on the web using a browser with taint tracking embedded in the JavaScript engine. Building on the methodology used in a previous study that crawled popular websites, we collect a current dataset of potential DOM XSS vulnerabilities. We improve on the methodology for conﬁrming XSS vulnerabilities, and using this improved methodology, we ﬁnd 83% more vulnerabilities than previous methodology applied to the same dataset. As a second contribution, we identify the causes of and discuss how to prevent DOM XSS vulnerabilities. One example of our ﬁndings is that custom HTML templating designs—a design pattern that could prevent DOM XSS vulnerabilities analogous to parameterized SQL—can be buggy in practice, allowing DOM XSS attacks. As our third contribution, we evaluate the error rates of three static-analysis tools to detect DOM XSS vulnerabilities found with dynamic analysis techniques using in-the-wild examples. We ﬁnd static-analysis tools to miss 90% of bugs found by our dynamic analysis, though some tools can have very few false positives and at the same time ﬁnd vulnerabilities not found using the dynamic analysis.
Broca’s Area as a Pre-articulatory Phonetic Encoder: Gating the Motor Program

The exact nature of the role of Broca’s area in control of speech and whether it is exerted at the cognitive or at the motor level is still debated. Intraoperative evidence of a lack of motor responses to direct electrical stimulation (DES) of Broca’s area and the observation that its stimulation induces a “speech arrest” without an apparent effect on the ongoing activity of phono-articulatory muscles, raises the argument. Essentially, attribution of direct involvement of Broca’s area in motor control of speech, requires evidence of a functional connection of this area with the phono-articulatory muscles’ motoneurons. With a quantitative approach we investigated, in 20 patients undergoing surgery for brain tumors, whether DES delivered on Broca’s area affects the recruitment of the phono-articulatory muscles’ motor units. The electromyography (EMG) of the muscles active during two speech tasks (object picture naming and counting) was recorded during and in absence of DES on Broca’s area. Offline, the EMG of each muscle was analyzed in frequency (power spectrum, PS) and time domain (root mean square, RMS) and the two conditions compared. Results show that DES on Broca’s area induces an intensity-dependent “speech arrest. ” The intensity of DES needed to induce “speech arrest” when applied on Broca’s area was higher when compared to the intensity effective on the neighboring pre-motor/motor cortices. Notably, PS and RMS measured on the EMG recorded during “speech arrest” were superimposable to those recorded at baseline. Partial interruptions of speech were not observed. Speech arrest was an “all-or-none” effect: muscle activation started only by removing DES, as if DES prevented speech onset. The same effect was observed when stimulating directly the subcortical fibers running below Broca’s area. Intraoperative data point to Broca’s area as a functional gate authorizing the phonetic translation to be executed by the motor areas. Given the absence of a direct effect on motor units recruitment, a direct control of Broca’s area on the phono-articulatory apparatus seems unlikely. Moreover, the strict correlation between DES-intensity and speech prevention, might attribute this effect to the inactivation of the subcortical fibers rather than to Broca’s cortical neurons.
tRNA Modifications: Impact on Structure and Thermal Adaptation

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are central players in translation, functioning as adapter molecules between the informational level of nucleic acids and the functional level of proteins. They show a highly conserved secondary and tertiary structure and the highest density of post-transcriptional modifications among all RNAs. These modifications concentrate in two hotspots—the anticodon loop and the tRNA core region, where the D- and T-loop interact with each other, stabilizing the overall structure of the molecule. These modifications can cause large rearrangements as well as local fine-tuning in the 3D structure of a tRNA. The highly conserved tRNA shape is crucial for the interaction with a variety of proteins and other RNA molecules, but also needs a certain flexibility for a correct interplay. In this context, it was shown that tRNA modifications are important for temperature adaptation in thermophilic as well as psychrophilic organisms, as they modulate rigidity and flexibility of the transcripts, respectively. Here, we give an overview on the impact of modifications on tRNA structure and their importance in thermal adaptation.
Delayed Care and Mortality Among Women and Men With Myocardial Infarction

Background Women with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have higher mortality rates than men. We investigated whether sex‐related differences in timely access to care among STEMI patients may be a factor associated with excess risk of early mortality in women. Methods and Results We identified 6022 STEMI patients who had information on time of symptom onset to time of hospital presentation at 41 hospitals participating in the ISACS‐TC (International Survey of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Transitional Countries) registry (NCT01218776) from October 2010 through April 2016. Patients were stratified into time‐delay cohorts. We estimated the 30‐day risk of all‐cause mortality in each cohort. Despite similar delays in seeking care, the overall time from symptom onset to hospital presentation was longer for women than men (median: 270 minutes [range: 130–776] versus 240 minutes [range: 120–600]). After adjustment for baseline variables, female sex was independently associated with greater risk of 30‐day mortality (odds ratio: 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.27–1.97). Sex differences in mortality following STEMI were no longer observed for patients having delays from symptom onset to hospital presentation of ≤1 hour (odds ratio: 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.29–2.02). Conclusions Sex difference in mortality following STEMI persists and appears to be driven by prehospital delays in hospital presentation. Women appear to be more vulnerable to prolonged untreated ischemia. Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials. gov/. Unique identifier: NCT01218776.
Long‐term changes in dynamic cerebral autoregulation: a 10 years follow up study

This study takes a novel approach to describing time‐related changes in dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA). It is well‐recognized that dCA exhibits both intra‐ and inter‐ subject variability, and this study seeks to characterize the extent to which intra‐subject variability occurs after a significant period of time by studying the same subjects 10 years apart, thus eliminating inter‐subject variability as a source of error. Ten healthy subjects were identified in 1998 and followed up in 2008. On each visit they underwent simultaneous recordings of right middle cerebral artery cerebral blood flow velocity (RMCA CBFV), blood pressure and heart rate. Data were analysed in the frequency domain using transfer function analysis and in the time domain using CBFV step response, from which the autoregulatory index (ARI) was calculated. Ten subjects of mean age 35·5 (range 24–51) years in 1998 (seven male) were studied. There was a significant fall in ARI from 1998–2008 (ΔARI = 1·1, P = 0·021), along with a significant rise in coherence in 2008 (at 0·05 Hz, P = 0·018). Difference in mean step response between 1998 and 2008 was also significant (P = 0·045). This is the first study to assess dCA in the same subjects 10 years apart, providing a novel opportunity to assess intra‐subject variation in dCA after a long time period has elapsed. A fall in frequency and time domain parameters was observed. This is important, and needs to be considered in future studies assessing long‐term changes in dCA, particularly given the body evidence which suggests that dCA is unaffected by ageing.
Temporal Structure of Human Gaze Dynamics Is Invariant During Free Viewing

We investigate the dynamic structure of human gaze and present an experimental study of the frequency components of the change in gaze position over time during free viewing of computer-generated fractal images. We show that changes in gaze position are scale-invariant in time with statistical properties that are characteristic of a random walk process. We quantify and track changes in the temporal structure using a well-defined scaling parameter called the Hurst exponent, H. We find H is robust regardless of the spatial complexity generated by the fractal images. In addition, we find the Hurst exponent is invariant across all participants, including those with distinct changes to higher order visual processes due to neural degeneration. The value we find for H of 0.57 shows that the gaze dynamics during free viewing of fractal images are consistent with a random walk process with persistent movements. Our research suggests the human visual system may have a common strategy that drives the dynamics of human gaze during exploration.
LDA-based music recommendation with CF-based similar user selection

This paper presents a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA)-based music recommendation method with collaborative filtering (CF)-based similar user selection. By applying LDA to music, we can estimate latent topics of music. However, we have to effectively reduce the size of the target dataset applied to LDA in order to recommend music from a large dataset. Hence, we use CF techniques, which recommend items using evaluation information of users who have similar tastes to a target user. Therefore, the proposed method limits the size of the dataset by using information of similar users and enables the recommendation of music considering latent topics of music. By using the idea of CF, our method can use LDA for music recommendation. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our method.
Targeted Online Password Guessing: An Underestimated Threat

While trawling online/offline password guessing has been intensively studied, only a few studies have examined targeted online guessing, where an attacker guesses a specific victim's password for a service, by exploiting the victim's personal information such as one sister password leaked from her another account and some personally identifiable information (PII). A key challenge for targeted online guessing is to choose the most effective password candidates, while the number of guess attempts allowed by a server's lockout or throttling mechanisms is typically very small. We propose TarGuess, a framework that systematically characterizes typical targeted guessing scenarios with seven sound mathematical models, each of which is based on varied kinds of data available to an attacker. These models allow us to design novel and efficient guessing algorithms. Extensive experiments on 10 large real-world password datasets show the effectiveness of TarGuess. Particularly, TarGuess I~IV capture the four most representative scenarios and within 100 guesses: (1) TarGuess-I outperforms its foremost counterpart by 142% against security-savvy users and by 46% against normal users; (2) TarGuess-II outperforms its foremost counterpart by 169% on security-savvy users and by 72% against normal users; and (3) Both TarGuess-III and IV gain success rates over 73% against normal users and over 32% against security-savvy users. TarGuess-III and IV, for the first time, address the issue of cross-site online guessing when given the victim's one sister password and some PII.
Sedative and Analgesic Drugs Online: A Content Analysis of the Supply and Demand Information Available in Thailand

ABSTRACT Background: Evidence from other countries has suggested that many controlled drugs are also offered online, even though it is illegal to sell these drugs without a license. Objectives: To evaluate the current contents related to the supply and demand of sedatives and analgesic drugs available online in Thailand, with a particular focus on Facebook. Methods: A team of reviewers manually searched for data by entering keywords related to analgesic drugs and sedatives. The contents of the website were screened for supply and demand-related information. Findings: A total of 5,352 websites were found publicly available. The number of websites and Facebook pages containing the information potentially related to the supply and demand of analgesic drugs and sedatives was limited. Nine websites sold sedatives, and six websites sold analgesics directly. Fourteen Facebook pages were found, including 7 sedative pages and 7 analgesic pages. Within one year, the three remaining active pages multiplied in the number of followers by three- to nine-fold. The most popular Facebook page had over 2,900 followers. Conclusions: Both the internet and social media contain sites and pages where sedatives and analgesics are illegally advertised. These websites are searchable through common search engines. Although the number of websites is limited, the number of followers on these Facebook pages does suggest a growing number of people who are interested in such pages. Our study emphasized the importance of monitoring and developing potential plans relative to the online marketing of prescription drugs in Thailand.