Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tissue-Specific Expression of Head-to-Tail Cyclized Miniproteins in Violaceae and Structure Determination of the Root Cyclotide Viola hederacea root cyclotide1

The plant cyclotides are a family of 28 to 37 amino acid miniproteins characterized by their head-to-tail cyclized peptide backbone and six absolutely conserved Cys residues arranged in a cystine knot motif: two disulfide bonds and the connecting backbone segments form a loop that is penetrated by the third disulfide bond. This knotted disulfide arrangement, together with the cyclic peptide backbone, renders the cyclotides extremely stable against enzymatic digest as well as thermal degradation, making them interesting targets for both pharmaceutical and agrochemical applications. We have examined the expression patterns of these fascinating peptides in various Viola species (Violaceae). All tissue types examined contained complex mixtures of cyclotides, with individual profiles differing significantly. We provide evidence for at least 57 novel cyclotides present in a single Viola species (Viola hederacea). Furthermore, we have isolated one cyclotide expressed only in underground parts of V. hederacea and characterized its primary and three-dimensional structure. We propose that cyclotides constitute a new family of plant defense peptides, which might constitute an even larger and, in their biological function, more diverse family than the well-known plant defensins.
How do parkinsonian signs return after discontinuation of subthalamic DBS?

Objective: To study the reappearance of the clinical signs of PD when subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) was turned off. Method: The authors studied 35 patients treated with STN DBS 6.7 ± 3.3 months (mean ± SD) after implantation. All were clinically improved. Twenty-four had not required any antiparkinsonian medication for many months and 11 were in “practically defined off” conditions when studied. Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor scores were assessed at baseline and 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 240 minutes after switching off STN DBS. Results: A sequential pattern of return of parkinsonian signs was observed, with a fast worsening of tremor within minutes, followed by a smoother, slower worsening of bradykinesia and rigidity over half an hour to an hour, and finally a slow and steady worsening of axial signs over 3 to 4 hours. Ninety percent of the UPDRS motor score worsening was reached after 2 hours. When switching STN DBS “on” again, all motor UPDRS subscores improved with a similar pattern, but faster than their rate of worsening, especially for axial signs. Conclusions: STN DBS may act by different mechanisms on the four major parkinsonian signs. At least 3 hours off STN DBS is needed to estimate the clinical effect of stimulation.
Learning and representation: the construction of masculinity in football. An analysis of the situation in Spain

This essay examines the construction of masculinity through football in Spanish society. The results are presented from a study whose main objective was to investigate to what degree the changes that have occurred in the past few years with regard to the construction of masculinities can also be extended to the football setting. In order to carry out the research, qualitative interviews were conducted with fans, groups of fans, coaches, physical education teachers and youth and professional footballers. The essay concludes that Spanish football continues to be a space in which a hegemonic masculinity is reproduced, and this is due to the influence of various social agents who facilitate and induce the learning and representation processes of this hegemonic masculinity. We have called this type of masculinity, inductor masculinity.
Cultivar‐specific avirulence and virulence functions assigned to avrPphF in Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, the cause of bean halo‐blight disease

The avrPphF gene was cloned from Pseudomonas syringae pathovar phaseolicola (Pph) races 5 and 7, based on its ability to confer avirulence towards bean cultivars carrying the R1 gene for halo‐blight resistance, such as Red Mexican. avrPphF comprised two open reading frames, which were both required for function, and was located on a 154 kb plasmid (pAV511) in Pph. Strain RW60 of Pph, lacking pAV511, displayed a loss in virulence to a range of previously susceptible cultivars such as Tendergreen and Canadian Wonder. In Tendergreen virulence was restored to RW60 by avrPphF alone, whereas subcloned avrPphF in the absence of pAV511 greatly accelerated the hypersensitive resistance reaction caused by RW60 in Canadian Wonder. A second gene from pAV511, avrPphC, which controls avirulence to soybean, was found to block the activity of avrPphF in Canadian Wonder, but not in Red Mexican. avrPphF also conferred virulence in soybean. The multiple functions of avrPphF illustrate how effector proteins from plant pathogens have evolved to be recognized by R gene products and, therefore, be classified as encoded by avirulence genes.
Mechanics of pulsatile transpyloric flow in the pig.

1. In eight conscious pigs equipped with gastric and duodenal cannulae, the relationship of transpyloric flow to gastro‐duodenal motor events was evaluated during gastric emptying of 1000 ml of saline. Rates of liquid gastric emptying were correlated with pressures at the antrum, pylorus and duodenum, recorded by a sleeve sensor and multiple perfused side‐holes. Transpyloric flow was recorded concurrently by continuous collection and weighing of the duodenal effluent. 2. In three pigs the above measurements were repeated during concurrent videofluoroscopy of gastric emptying after adding 100 ml of liquid barium to the gastric instillate. 3. The mean volume of saline emptied in 30 min was 627 +/‐ 51.2 ml. Pulsatile flow accounted for 71% of total emptying. Pulses had a mean flow rate of 3.9 +/‐ 0.44 ml s‐1. Most flow pulses (59%) occurred during the first 5 min of emptying. 4. Distinctive, low‐amplitude (4.8 +/‐ 0.33 mmHg), relatively long‐lasting (15.8 +/‐ 0.46 s) antral pressure waves were associated with 58% of flow pulses. In all antral pressure recording points, the first and longest duration component of these pressure waves had an identical timing, amplitude and waveform consistent with pressurization of the entire antrum‐gastric cavity. 5. Videofluoroscopy and concurrent manometry showed that these antral common cavity pressure waves were associated with non‐lumen‐occlusive contractions of the gastric wall, initially observed at the corpus which propagated down to the pylorus; 93% of these contractions became lumen occlusive in the terminal antrum and pylorus when pressure waves of a unique pattern for each recording point were recorded at this level. 6. The onset of 68% of the flow pulses which accounted for 62% of pulsatile emptying occurred in the interval (mean 7.9 +/‐ 0.65 s) between the onset of the common cavity wave and the onset of localized, lumen‐occlusive distal antral‐pyloric pressure waves. 7. These findings indicate that in the pig, pulsatile emptying of non‐nutrient liquids into the duodenum occurs predominantly during the non‐lumen‐occlusive stage of a propagated gastric contraction, which is recognisable as a common cavity pressure wave. This is a previously inadequately recognized pattern of gastric pumping.
The Effect of Inspiratory Resistance on Exercise Performance and Perception in Moderate Normobaric Hypoxia.

Seo, Yongsuk, Jeremiah Vaughan, Tyler D. Quinn, Brittany Followay, Raymond Roberge, Ellen L. Glickman, and Jung-Hyun Kim. The effect of inspiratory resistance on exercise performance and perception in moderate normobaric hypoxia. High Alt Med Biol. 18:417-424, 2017. PURPOSE Respirators are simple and efficient in protecting workers against toxic airborne substances; however, their use may limit the physical performance of workers. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of inspiratory resistance on physical performance and breathing perception in normobaric hypoxia. METHOD Nine healthy men wore a tight-fitting respiratory mask outfitted with one of four different inspiratory resistors (R) (0, 1.5, 4.5, 7.5 cm H2O/L/Sec) while exercising at normobaric hypoxia (17% O2) at submaximal exercise workloads of 50, 100, and 150 W on a cycle ergometer for 10 minutes each, followed by a maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) test to exhaustion. RESULTS Maximal power output at R7.5 was significantly lower than R0 (p = 0.016) and R1.5 (p = 0.035). Respiration rate was significantly reduced at R4.5 (p = 0.011) and R7.5 (p ≤ 0.001) compared with R0. Minute ventilation was significantly decreased in R7.5 compared with R0 (p = 0.003), R1.5 (p = 0.010), and R4.5 (p = 0.016), whereas VO2 was not significantly changed. Breathing comfort (BC) and breathing effort (BE) were significantly impaired in R7.5 (BC: p = 0.025, BE: p = 0.001) and R4.5 (BC: p = 0.007, BE: p = 0.001) compared with R0, but rating of perceived exertion (RPE) remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Added inspiratory resistance limited maximal power output and increased perceptions of BC and BE in normobaric hypoxia. However, low-to-moderate inspiratory resistance did not have a deleterious effect on VO2 or RPE at submaximal or maximal exercise. Perceptual and physiological characteristics of respirators of varying inspiratory resistances should be considered by manufacturers and end users during design and respirator selection processes.
Self-aligned deterministic coupling of single quantum emitter to nanofocused plasmonic modes

Significance Control and optimization of interaction between light and single quantum emitters are a crucial issue for cavity quantum electrodynamics studies and quantum information science. Although considerable efforts have been made, reliable and reproducible coupling between quantum emitter and cavity mode still remains a grand challenge due to the uncertainty of the size, i.e., the emission wavelength, and position of the quantum emitter. Here, we demonstrate an unprecedented approach of the self-aligned deterministic coupling of single quantum dots (QDs) to nanofocused plasmonic modes on an entire wafer. Spatial precision is better than any nanopositioning techniques, and almost all processed QDs exhibit outstanding spontaneous emission rate enhancement. This reliable approach eliminates a major obstacle in the implementation of practical solid-state quantum emitters. The quantum plasmonics field has emerged and been growing increasingly, including study of single emitter–light coupling using plasmonic system and scalable quantum plasmonic circuit. This offers opportunity for the quantum control of light with compact device footprint. However, coupling of a single emitter to highly localized plasmonic mode with nanoscale precision remains an important challenge. Today, the spatial overlap between metallic structure and single emitter mostly relies either on chance or on advanced nanopositioning control. Here, we demonstrate deterministic coupling between three-dimensionally nanofocused plasmonic modes and single quantum dots (QDs) without any positioning for single QDs. By depositing a thin silver layer on a site-controlled pyramid QD wafer, three-dimensional plasmonic nanofocusing on each QD at the pyramid apex is geometrically achieved through the silver-coated pyramid facets. Enhancement of the QD spontaneous emission rate as high as 22 ± 16 is measured for all processed QDs emitting over ∼150-meV spectral range. This approach could apply to high fabrication yield on-chip devices for wide application fields, e.g., high-efficiency light-emitting devices and quantum information processing.
Restaurant Survival Analysis with Heterogeneous Information

For shopkeepers, one of their biggest common concerns is whether their business will thrive or fail in the future. With the development of new ways to collect business data, it is possible to leverage multiple domains' knowledge to build an intelligent model for business assessment. In this paper, we discuss what the potential indicators are for the long-term survival of a physical store. To this end, we study factors from four pillars: geography, user mobility, user rating, and review text. We start by exploring the impact of geographic features, which describe the location environment of the retailer store. The location and nearby places play an important role in the popularity of the shop, and usually less competitiveness and more heterogeneity is better. Then we study user mobility. It can be viewed as supplementary to the geographical placement, showing how the location can attract users from anywhere. Another important factor is how the shop can serve and satisfy users. We find that restaurant survival prediction is a hard task that can not be solved simply using consumers' ratings or sentiment metrics. Compared with conclusive and well-formatted ratings, the various review words provide more insight of the shop and deserve in-depth mining. We adopt several language models to fully explore the textual message. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that review text indeed have the strongest predictive power. We further compare different cities' models and find the conclusions are highly consistent. Although we focus on the class of restaurant in this paper, the method can be easily extended to other shop categories.
Acute Negative Effect of a Hypertrophy‐Oriented Training Bout on Subsequent Upper‐Body Power Output

Athletes regularly combine maximal strength, power, and hypertrophy-oriented training within the same workout. Traditionally, it has been suggested that power-oriented exercises precede strength and hypertrophy-oriented training within a workout to avoid the possible negative effects that the latter types of training may have on power output. However, with regard to upper-body training, little study has been performed to verify this commonly held belief. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent, if any, of a high-repetition, short-rest-period, hypertrophy-oriented training dose on upper-body power output. Twenty-seven college-aged rugby league players were tested for average power output during bench press throws with a resistance of 40 kg (BT P40). The experimental group (Hyp, n = 15) then performed a typical hypertrophy-oriented work bout (3 × 10 at 65% 1 repetition maximum bench press, 1RM BP) before being retested for power output with the same resistance. In comparison with the control group (Con, n = 12), whose power output remained unchanged between the pre- and posttest periods, the Hyp group experienced a large, significant decrease in BT P40 power output. Even after further passive rest of 7 minutes, power output remained suppressed from the pretest values. Furthermore, the strongest 5 subjects experienced significantly larger percentage declines in power output than did the 5 less strong subjects. This study shows that a high-repetition, short-rest-period training can acutely decrease power output. Coaches should plan the order of exercises carefully when combining power and hypertrophy training.
Transformations Through Teaching and Learning

The history of the Osher Lifelong Learning Institute (OLLI) at University of Southern Maine (USM) presents a microcosm of lifelong learning institutes in the United States. These grassroots, largely volunteer-managed organizations providing educational opportunities for adults older than 50 started at the New School for Social Research in 1962. Recently, OLLI at USM conducted two research studies, one on the experience of peer teaching in lifelong learning institutes and another on the nature of the learning experience for students in such an organization. Both provide evidence of transformation possible for older adults through engagement in the learning process either as teacher or student. The next research, still in progress, looks at service learning as part of institute curricula. And finally, the authors pose questions about the future of lifelong learning institutes and the changes that may come as a result of the philanthropy of the Bernard Osher Foundation.
A Structure for Plant-Specific Transcription Factors: The GRAS Domain Revealed[OPEN]

The GRAS protein family is illustrious. The GRAS domain is plant specific, named for the first three proteins found to contain it: GIBBERELLIC ACID INSENSITIVE (GAI), REPRESSOR of GAI, and SCARECROW. In addition to these founding members, which function in gibberellin signaling and root patterning,
Translating between social worlds of policy and everyday life: The development of a group-based method to support policymaking by exploring behavioural aspects of sustainable consumption

A large international literature on how lay citizens make sense of various aspects of science and technology has been generated by investigations which utilise small group methods. Within that literature, focus group and other group-based methods have come to co-exist, and to some extent, hybridise, with the use of small groups in citizen engagement initiatives. In this article, we report on how we drew upon these methodological developments in the design and operationalisation of a policymaking support tool (STAVE). This tool has been developed to gain insight, in a relatively speedy and cost-effective way, into practical details of the everyday lived experience of people’s lives, as relating to the sustainability of corresponding practices. An important challenge we faced was how, in Kuhn’s terms, to ‘translate’ between the forms of life corresponding to the world of policymaking and the world of everyday domestic life. We examine conceptual and methodological aspects of how the tool was designed and assembled, and then trialled in the context of active real-world collaborations with policymaking organisations. These trials were implemented in six European countries, where they were used to support work on live policy issues concerned with sustainable consumption.
Emergent Properties of Discretized Wave Equations

A computational TOE (theory of everything) requires a universe with discrete, as opposed to continuous, space, time and state. Any discrete model for the universe must approximate the continuous wave equation to extremely high accuracy. The wave equation plays a central role in physical theory. It is the solution to Maxwell’s equations and the Klein Gordon (or Relativistic Schrodinger) Equation for a particle with zero rest mass. The interaction of waves as fields are a primary means of information transfer in the physical universe. Thus understanding the properties of discretized finite difference approximations to the wave equation is likely to play an important role in developing a digital TOE. In addition the equations are simple enough to be considered as a possible definition of a computational TOE. No discrete equation can model the continuous wave equation exactly because the amplitude of a continuous wave decreases to an arbitrarily small value as it propagates. As a result discretization must introduce nonlinearities at something like the Planck time and distance scales. Thus detailed predictions about fundamental particles are difficult to make. However there are emergent properties that mimic aspects of quantum mechanics. One important result from these models is a possible explanation for apparent experimental violations of Bell’s inequality. This explanation arises naturally from solving the problem of reconciling quantum randomness with absolute conservation laws. 1 Constraints on a digital theory of everything A computational TOE (theory of everything) requires a universe with discrete, as opposed to continuous, space, time and state. Any discrete model for the universe must approximate the continuous wave equation to extremely high accuracy. The wave equation plays a central role in physical theory. It is the solution to Maxwell’s equations and the Klein Gordon (or Relativistic Schrodinger) Equation for a particle with zero rest mass. The interaction of waves as fields are a primary means of information transfer in the physical universe. Thus understanding the properties of discretized finite difference approximations to the wave equation is likely to play an important role in developing a digital TOE. In addition the equations are simple enough to be considered as a possible definition of a computational TOE.
Pulmonary Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma (Nasal Type)

AbstractAn 83-year-old woman presented with intermittent fever for 2 weeks. Chest radiography and computed tomography images showed multiple nodules and masses scattered in both lung fields. Tissue samples obtained by computed tomography-guided needle biopsy revealed extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKL). The lung is the major site of involvement and the skin may be the primary site. The radiological imaging of this case is different from the cases reported before. Besides, we reviewed the medical records of our hospital and searched the Pubmed database and found 12 cases altogether (include the case presented), which were diagnosed with pulmonary ENKL, and the features of chest images were studied. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the chest imaging features of pulmonary ENKL were reviewed. We conclude that if the radiographic manifestations are multiple patchy consolidations or multiple nodules and masses in both lungs with or without bilateral pleural effusions, the diagnostic considerations should include ENKL.
Nuclear waste facilities on Tribal Land: The Yami's struggles for environmental justice

Abstract This paper examines environmental justice in the context of nuclear waste controversies on Orchid Island, Taiwan. The Yami's anti-nuclear waste movement is a manifestation of problems of distributional inequity, lack of recognition, and limited participation of the tribespeople in decision making. These are interwoven in political and social processes. In addition, the disputes over the nuclear waste problem between the Yami and Taiwanese groups also show the historical and socioeconomic complexity of environmental justice. This study argues that a democratic and participatory procedure is likely to bring recognition or help the situation of lack of recognition improve, which could facilitate more just distribution. Building partnerships and networking within a variety of indigenous environmental organizations as well as other Taiwanese environmental organizations could help to transform the Orchid Island community and the Taiwanese society in the direction of environmental justice.
Coronavirus Transcription Mediated by Sequences Flanking the Transcription Consensus Sequence

Abstract In our studies of murine coronavirus transcription, we continue to use defective interfering (DI) RNAs of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) in which we insert a transcription consensus sequence in order to mimic subgenomic RNA synthesis from the nondefective genome. Using our subgenomic DI system, we have studied the effects of sequences flanking the MHV transcription consensus sequence on subgenomic RNA transcription. We obtained the following results. (i) Insertion of a 12-nucleotide-long sequence including the UCUAAAC transcription consensus sequence at different locations of the DI RNA resulted in different efficiencies of subgenomic DI RNA synthesis. (ii) Differences in the amount of subgenomic DI RNA were defined by the sequences that flanked the 12-nucleotide-long sequence and were not affected by the location of the 12-nucleotide-long sequence on the DI RNA. (iii) Naturally occurring flanking sequences of intergenic sequences at gene 6–7, but not at genes 1–2 and 2–3, contained a transcription suppressive element(s). (iv) Each of three naturally occurring flanking sequences of an MHV genomic cryptic transcription consensus sequence from MHV gene 1 also contained a transcription suppressive element(s). These data showed that sequences flanking the transcription consensus sequence affected MHV transcription.