Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RUNNING HEAD : COMPUTATIONAL MODEL OF DECISION WEIGHTS A computational model of the attention process used to generate decision weights

During the past 50 years, a number of paradoxes have led to the downfall of expected utility theory as a viable description of decision making. Recently, rankdependent theories (e.g. cumulative prospect theory) have arisen as the ―leading‖ descriptive approach. A key component of these theories is the decision weight that reflects the importance of consequences when evaluating an action. Several researchers have had success in fitting functional forms for decision weights to account for empirical data. However, little is known about the cognitive source of these weights. The current work presents a computational model that derives decision weights from elementary attentional processing mechanisms. It is shown that the attention process model provides a coherent explanation for several robust phenomena including some that cannot be explained by rank-dependent utility theories.
Using a coprocessor to solve the Ant Colony Optimization algorithm

The Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is a popular metaheuristic applied to a wide kind of NP-hard problems. It is based on the behavior of ants seeking a path between their colony and a source of food. On the other hand, in recent years the use of compute-intensive coprocessors has been widely studied to accelerate sequential processes through a GPU (Graphic Processing Unit). Recently, Intel has released a GPU-type coprocessor, the Intel Xeon Phi. It is built up to 61 cores connected by a bidirectional ring network with a vector process unit (VPU) on large vector registers. In the present work, we show a novel implementation for the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm using a Xeon Phi coprocessor. To prove the efficiency of our algorithm, we solve the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). We also exposed the difficulties and key performance factors to deal with the ACO algorithm on a Xeon Phi coprocessor.
A novel application of red mud-iron on granulation and treatment of palm oil mill effluent using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor

The performance of the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor that used red mud-iron (RM-Fe) for methane production for the treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) at various hydraulic retention time (HRT) was determined. POME was used as the substrate carbon source. The biogas production rate was 1.7 l biogas/h with a methane yield of 0.78 l CH4/g CODremoved and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was 85% at POME concentration of 30 g COD/l at HRT 16 h. The reactor R2 showed average methane content of biogas and COD reduction of 78% and 85% at 400 mg/l RM-Fe. Significant increase in the granule diameter (up to 2900 μm) in R2 was compared to control R1 (up to 86 μm) at end of the experiment. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Economic Analysis of Formal Care, Informal Care, and Productivity Losses in Primary Care Patients who Screened Positive for Dementia in Germany.

BACKGROUND The majority of people with dementia (PwD) live at home and require professional formal care and informal care that is generally provided by close relatives. OBJECTIVE To determine the utilization and costs of formal and informal care for PwD, indirect costs because of productivity losses of caregivers, and the associations between cost, socio-demographic and clinical variables. METHODS The analysis includes the data of 262 community-dwelling PwD and their caregivers. Socio-demographics, clinical variables, and the utilization of formal care were assessed within the baseline assessment. To evaluate informal care costs, the Resource Utilization in Dementia (RUD) questionnaire was used. Costs were calculated from a social perspective. Associations were evaluated using multiple linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS Formal care services were utilized less (26.3%) than informal care (85.1%), resulting in a cost ratio of one to ten(1,646 €; 16,473 €, respectively). In total, 29% of caregivers were employed, and every seventh (14.3%) experienced productivity losses, which corresponded to 1,258 € annually. Whereas increasing deficits in daily living activities were associated with higher formal and higher informal costs, living alone was significantly associated with higher formal care costs and the employment of a caregiver was associated with lower informal care costs. CONCLUSION Informal care contributes the most to total care costs. Living alone is a major cost driver for formal costs because of the lower availability of potential informal care. The availability of informal care is limited and productivity losses are increased when a caregiver is employed.
Spatial and temporal variability in the otolith chemistry of the Brazilian snapper Lutjanus alexandrei from estuarine and coastal environments.

Otolith chemistry of juvenile and adult individuals of the Brazilian snapper Lutjanus alexandrei was measured to assess the utility of natural markers for investigating individual movements. Individuals were collected over a 3-year period (2010-2012) along the north-eastern coast of Brazil from both estuarine (juvenile to sub-adult stages) and coastal (sub-adult to adult stages) areas. Six elements ((7) Li, (24) Mg, (55) Mn, (59) Co, (88) Sr and (137) Ba) were measured in sectioned otoliths of L. alexandrei using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). Edge composition analysis indicated that element:Ca ratios in the otoliths of juvenile and sub-adult L. alexandrei from estuaries were not significantly different among the three consecutive years (2010, 2011 and 2012), suggesting that physicochemical conditions within the nursery area investigated were temporally stable. Similarly, apart from two elements (Ba and Co), element:Ca ratios for larger L. alexandrei inhabiting coastal waters were also similar. In contrast, otolith chemistry of similar sized L. alexandrei from estuarine and coastal areas was significantly different (based on recently accreted material). Otolith Mn:Ca and Ba:Ca were both significantly higher for L. alexandrei collected in estuaries compared to fish from adjacent coastal reefs, while the opposite trend was observed for Sr:Ca. Given the pronounced differences in otolith chemistry between estuarine and coastal areas, element:Ca transects were constructed from the core to margin of the otoliths for adults (age 7+ years) collected on reefs to determine the timing of movement (ontogenetic migration) from estuarine to coastal areas. Based on observed patterns of decline for both Mn:Ca and Ba:Ca, it appears that L. alexandrei begin the move to more coastal habitats (i.e. lower element:Ca ratios) after age 2 years. The patterns observed for this species highlight the importance of conserving connectivity between coastal habitats to maintain sustainable fish stocks exploited by artisanal fisheries.
Evaluation of a Diffusion Strategy for School-Based Hypertension Education

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of hypertension (HBP) education within a population of sixth grade students (n = 1204) and their parents (n = 1446). The "3Rs and HBP" curriculum attempts to diffuse the HBP information from teachers, to pupils and then to parents using the sixth grade son/daughter as a "health messenger. " This curriculum was tested with and without a home blood pressure measurement component versus controls in 21 schools randomly assigned to the three conditions. Postintervention data were collected from students at school and from their parents at home interviews. Students were compared for knowledge, blood pressure measurement skill, and home diffusion activities. Parents were compared for knowledge, risk factor reduction, blood pressure, care-seeking, and compliance behaviors. Student self-esteem and family interactions were investigated as possible intervening variables in the diffusion process. Student knowledge, BP measurement skills, and diffusion to parents was increased by the 3Rs and HBP curriculum with the home component. Parental effects beyond the diffusion process were limited to knowledge improvement in certain groups. Family interaction (level and style) was found to be a significant intervening variable in the diffusion process.
A Methodology for Identifying and Testing Response Functions in Marketing with an Application to Customer Satisfaction

Marketing researchers are frequently confronted with a variety of competing models of the relationship between two variables, with each supported by its own theory and empirical findings. For example, in the area of customer satisfaction, a rich literature with strong behavioral underpinnings supported by extensive empirical studies has resulted in a series of models for the relationship between disconfirmation of expectations and customer satisfaction. Each model has different research and managerial implications, suggesting the need for a technique which can be used to explore the relationship and to compare the fit and predictive ability of competing models in a given situation. In the absence of contextual variables to explain when each of the different models should be used, we argue that an exploratory data analysis stage is necessary to guarantee an appropriate model for a particular application. We show how regression splines can be used to develop a flexible model for this purpose. Advantages of regression splines are that they ensure that the resulting model is consistent with the data, they provide a benchmark or null model against which specific hypotheses of theory-driven models can be tested, and they form a platform from which to learn more about the nature of the relationship being studied, including how it varies by market segment. After outlining the theory of linear splines and the methodology associated with their application, we demonstrate their flexibility to parsimoniously represent different functional forms using simulation data. We then apply the technique in the field of customer satisfaction to study the relationship between satisfaction and disconfirmation of expectations.
Genetic Architecture of Anther Extrusion in Spring and Winter Wheat

Hybrid wheat breeding is gaining prominence worldwide because it ensures higher and more static yield than conventionally bred varieties. The cleistogamous floral architecture of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) impedes anthers inside the floret, making it largely an inbreeder. For hybrid seed production, high anther extrusion is needed to promote cross pollination and to ensure a high level of pollen availability for the seed plant. This study, therefore, aimed at the genetic dissection of anther extrusion (AE) in panels of spring (SP), and winter wheat (WP) accessions by genome wide association studies (GWAS). We performed GWAS to identify the SNP markers potentially linked with AE in each panel separately. Phenotypic data were collected for 3 years for each panel. The average levels of Pearson's correlation (r) among all years and their best linear unbiased estimates (BLUEs) within both panels were high (r(SP) = 0.75, P < 0.0001;r(WP) = 0.72, P < 0.0001). Genotypic data (with minimum of 0.05 minor allele frequency applied) included 12,066 and 12,191 SNP markers for SP and WP, respectively. Both genotypes and environment influenced the magnitude of AE. In total, 23 significant (|log10(P)| > 3.0) marker trait associations (MTAs) were detected (SP = 11; WP = 12). Anther extrusion behaved as a complex trait with significant markers having either favorable or unfavorable additive effects and imparting minor to moderate levels of phenotypic variance (R2 (SP) = 9.75−14.24%; R2 (WP) = 9.44−16.98%). All mapped significant markers as well as the markers within their significant linkage disequilibrium (r2 ≥ 0.30) regions were blasted against wheat genome assembly (IWGSC1+popseq) to find the corresponding genes and their high confidence descriptions were retrieved. These genes and their orthologs in Hordeum vulgare, Brachypodium distachyon, Oryza sativa, and Sorghum bicolor revealed syntenic genomic regions potentially involved in flowering-related traits. Moreover, the expression data of these genes suggested potential candidates for AE. Our results suggest that the use of significant markers can help to introduce AE in high yielding varieties to increase cross fertilization rates and improve hybrid-seed production in wheat.
STUDI EVALUATIF TENTANG KINERJA SEKOLAH PADA SEKOLAH SMK REKAYASA DENPASAR

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis tingkat efektivitas kinerja sekolah di SMK Rekayasa Denpasar dilihat dari aspek pengelolaan sekolah efektif versi Bank Dunia, 2000, antara lain: aspek dukungan, aspek kondisi-kondisi lain yang memungkinkan terwujudnya sekolah efektif, aspek iklim sekolah, dan aspek pembelajaran. Rancangan penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan ex post facto. Populasi dari penelitian ini diambil dari semua guru, pegawai, anggota komite sekolah dan OSIS di SMK Rekayasa Denpasar, sampelnya diterapkan secara purposive sejumlah 103 orang, yang kemudian menjadi sumber informasi. Instrumen yang dipakai dalam pengumpulan data adalah kuesioner dengan menggunakan skala likert, jumlah pernyataan sebanyak 120 butir. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan penilaian acuan patokan. Dalam pendekatan dengan acuan patokan, penentuan tingkatan didasarkan pada skor-skor yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya dalam bentuk presentasi. Misalnya untuk mendapatkan nilai Sangat efektif (SE) atau Efektif (EF). Berdasarkan analisis dan pembahasan seperti yang telah dipaparkan pada bagian-bagian sebelumnya, dapat disimpulkan beberapa hal sebagai berikut: (1) Responden guru, dengan skor persentil 88, (2) Responden OSIS, dengan skor persentil 82, (3) Responden komite, dengan skor persentil 86, (4) Responden pegawai dengan skor persentil 80, (5) Responden kepala sekolah, dengan skor persentil 96. Dengan rata-rata keseluruhan persentil adalah 86 termasuk dalam kategori Efektif (80 – 89). Kata Kunci : kinerja sekolah This study aimed at finding ot analyzing the school performance at SMK Rekayasa Denpasar against World Bank (2000) version of aspects of effective school management, which include supporting inputs, enabling condition, school climate, and teaching learning process. This study used a descriptive design using ex post facto approach. The population consisted of all teachers, administrative workers, member of the scool committee and OSIS at SMK Rekayasa Denpasar and one hundred three members of the population were selected purposively and made the sample who then provided information for the study. This study used a closed questionnaire with Likert scale which consisted of 120 items. This study to used PAP. Grade of score ready to constant before presentation. Example for have score very effectiveness or effective. The results showed that (1) when viewed from its teacher, the degree of effectiveness of the school performace was 88, (2) when viewed from the student was 82 (high), (3) when viewed from the comittee was 86, (4) when viewed from the worker was 80, and (5) when viewed from the headmaster was 96. Become thereby management of effective school according to World Bank version 2000 was 86. Become thereby management of effective school according to World Bank version 2000 can wear as predictor in management of effective education at SMK Rekayasa Denpasar. keyword : school performance
Comparing Subjective Well Being of Fertile and Infertile Women Residing in the Same Family

The present research is an attempt to compare the subjective well being of fertile and infertile women residing in the same family . Snow-ball sampling technique was used for sample selection. The sample for the study was drawn from the Jammu city of Jammu district of J&K state. Sample consisted of 30 infertile women and 30 fertile women living in the same house. Tools used for the study were interview guide, informal observation and subjective well-being inventory. After analysis, it was found that majority of the respondents both infertile and fertile were in the age group of 26-35 years, had received some formal education, were home makers, got married at the age 21-25 years and had married for a duration ranging between 5 to 10 years. Most of the respondents were Hindu and rest were Muslim and Sikh. Main reason for childlessness was primary infertility. According to respondents Motherhood was considered as an important milestone for women as it makes women complete, enhances their status in the family& society, give purpose to life and make life complete. Analysis of subjective well being scale reveals that majority of the respondents felt under the category of ill-being. T Results of t test showed that there were significant differences between two groups in well being scores. Infertile women scored significantly lower than their normal counterparts Key w ords: Fertile, Infertile, Subjective well being
A game-theoretic analysis of energy-depleting jamming attacks

Jamming may be a serious issue in Internet of Things networks with battery-powered nodes, as an attacker can not only disrupt packet delivery, but also reduce the lifetime of energy-constrained nodes. In this work, we consider a malicious attacker with the dual objective of preventing communication and depleting the battery of a targeted node. We model this scenario as a multistage game, derive optimal strategies for both sides, and evaluate their consequences on network performance. Our work highlights the trade-off between node lifetime and communication reliability and how the presence of a jammer affects both these aspects.
ON THE TRANSIENCE OF PROCESSES DEFINED ON GALTON-WATSON TREES

We introduce a simple technique for proving the transience of certain processes defined on the random tree $\mathcal{G}$ generated by a supercritical branching process. We prove the transience for once-reinforced random walks on $\mathcal{G}$, that is, a generalization of a result of Durrett, Kesten and Limic [Probab. Theory Related Fields 122 (2002) 567–592]. Moreover, we give a new proof for the transience of a family of biased random walks defined on $\mathcal{G}$. Other proofs of this fact can be found in [Ann. Probab. 16 (1988) 1229–1241] and [Ann. Probab. 18 (1990) 931–958] as part of more general results. A similar technique is applied to a vertex-reinforced jump process. A by-product of our result is that this process is transient on the 3-ary tree. Davis and Volkov [Probab. Theory Related Fields 128 (2004) 42–62] proved that a vertex-reinforced jump process defined on the b-ary tree is transient if b≥4 and recurrent if b=1. The case b=2 is still open.
Rearing conditions influence nutrient availability of plant extracts supplemented diets when fed to broiler chickens.

The effects of a standardised mixture of essential oils, including 5% carvacrol, 3% cinnamaldehyde and 2% capsicum (XT 6930; Pancosma S.A), on dietary apparent metabolisable energy corrected for nitrogen retention (AMEn), nutrient digestibility and mucin secretions, measured as sialic acid (SA) were investigated in broilers fed on the same diet but reared under different conditions, that is, cages and floor pens littered with wood shavings used in previous broiler study. The use of XT reduced (p < 0.05) nitrogen digestibility (0.585 vs. 0.544) and tended (p = 0.072) to reduce dry matter digestibility (0.733 vs. 0.717) of the diet when fed to birds reared in cages. However, XT supplementation improved (p < 0.05) fat digestibility (0.844 vs. 0.862) and tended (p = 0.093) to increase AMEn (14.01 vs. 14.25 MJ/kg DM) of the same diet when fed to broilers reared in floor pens. Essential oils supplementation tended (p = 0.059) to increase the secretion of SA, when fed to birds reared in cages (11.24 vs. 14.18 μg), but did not influence (p > 0.05) the SA secretion from birds reared in floor pens. The results obtained from the cage study tend to be the opposite of those obtained from the floor pen study. This suggests that the efficiency of dietary plant extracts may be influenced by the rearing/hygienic conditions of poultry. Based on the overall results, it can be concluded that information on rearing conditions should be taken into account for more complete interpretation of the experimental data emanating from experiments involving use of essential oils typified by those considered in this study.
Testing Polymorphic Relationships

As we move from developing procedure-oriented to object-oriented programs, the complexity traditionally found in functions and procedures is moving to the connections among components. Different faults occur when components are integrated to form higher level structures that aggregate the behavior and state of the components. Consequently, we need to place more effort on testing the connections among components. Although object-oriented technologies provide abstraction mechanisms for building components that can then be integrated to form applications, it also adds new compositional relations that can contain faults, which are most properly found during integration testing. This paper describes techniques for analyzing and testing the polymorphic relationships that occur in object-oriented software. The techniques adapt traditional data flow coverage criteria to consider definitions and uses among state variables of classes, particularly in the presence of inheritance and polymorphic overriding of state variables and methods. The application of these techniques can result in an increased ability to find faults and to create overall higher quality software.
Analysis of Antibodies to Newly Described Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Antigens Supports MSPDBL2 as a Predicted Target of Naturally Acquired Immunity

ABSTRACT Prospective studies continue to identify malaria parasite genes with particular patterns of polymorphism which indicate they may be under immune selection, and the encoded proteins require investigation. Sixteen new recombinant protein reagents were designed to characterize three such polymorphic proteins expressed in Plasmodium falciparum schizonts and merozoites: MSPDBL1 (also termed MSP3.4) and MSPDBL2 (MSP3.8), which possess Duffy binding-like (DBL) domains, and SURFIN4.2, encoded by a member of the surface-associated interspersed (surf) multigene family. After testing the antigenicities of these reagents by murine immunization and parasite immunofluorescence, we analyzed naturally acquired antibody responses to the antigens in two cohorts in coastal Kenya in which the parasite was endemic (Chonyi [n = 497] and Ngerenya [n = 461]). As expected, the prevalence and levels of serum antibodies increased with age. We then investigated correlations with subsequent risk of clinical malaria among children <11 years of age during 6 months follow-up surveillance. Antibodies to the polymorphic central region of MSPDBL2 were associated with reduced risk of malaria in both cohorts, with statistical significance remaining for the 3D7 allelic type after adjustment for individuals' ages in years and antibody reactivity to whole-schizont extract (Chonyi, risk ratio, 0.51, and 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28 to 0.93; Ngerenya, risk ratio, 0.38, and 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.82). For the MSPDBL1 Palo Alto allelic-type antigen, there was a protective association in one cohort (Ngerenya, risk ratio, 0.53, and 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.89), whereas the other antigens showed no protective associations after adjustment. These findings support the prediction that antibodies to the polymorphic region of MSPDBL2 contribute to protective immunity.
Modelling gene regulatory network by fractional order differential equations

Choosing a suitable mathematical model is essential for modelling genetic regulatory mechanism. This paper proposes a new approach based on fractional order differential equations to build the gene regulatory network from time series data. Particle swarm optimization technique is employed for identifying the model's order and parameters. The experiments on real life gene expression data show that the fractional order differential model leads better data fit, and the proposed scheme is effective to infer gene regulatory model.