Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Applying the Refined Values Theory to Past Data

The refined theory of basic human values (Schwartz et al., 2012) divides the circular continuum of values into 19 motivationally distinct values. Research with a new questionnaire discriminated these values in 10 countries and demonstrated the benefits of the finer distinctions. We ask, whether researchers can gain by applying the refined theory to the large repository of available data gathered with the 40-Item Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ40)? How many, if any, of the more refined values can be distinguished in PVQ40 data, and does this provide improved understanding of the topics studied? We addressed these questions with data from 13 countries on four continents (total N = 7,352). Theory-based multidimensional scaling and confirmatory factor analyses in each country revealed several more narrowly defined values in the PVQ data. Examples from 14 countries demonstrated that these refinements can increase predictive and explanatory power.
Summarizing Research: A Case Study

Interest in research summarization is rising. Most summaries have focused on methodological weaknesses and contradictory evidence. The standard has been “beyond a reasonable doubt” and the verdict “little or nothing is known and more research is needed. ” Applying a case study method to the research on note taking from lectures, this zpaper illustrates a different approach using a preponderance of the evidence as the standard. The intended audience is the consumer of educational research. Results show more evidence in favor of taking notes than had been recognized. Reasons for doubting excessively pessimistic conclusions of research reviews are given.
Child molesters' construal of themselves, other adults, and children

Abstract Adults who engage in sexual activity with children may do so as a result of viewing themselves, other adults, and children in distinctive ways. To examine this perspective, we had 57 incarcerated child molesters, 50 incarcerated offenders without sexual convictions, and 30 community-based non offenders complete a form of the role construct repertory grid (rep grid) and a specially developed rating grid. Although no between-groups differences in rating grid descriptions of children were found, multivariate analyses of variance revealed significant differences between child molesters and other participants in rating grid self-descriptions. Child molesters described themselves as less attractive than did non molesters. Women were seen by molesters in similarly unattractive terms. Within the child molester group, the content-categorized rep grid results showed that molesters whose victims were female viewed people in terms of external appearances, whereas those who victimized males or both males and .
Evolution of neovascularization in mice with overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor in photoreceptors.

PURPOSE To determine the earliest changes that occur in the retina after the onset of ectopic expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by photoreceptors in transgenic mice, to characterize the development of neovascularization (NV), and to determine the feasibility of using these mice to test the efficacy of antiangiogenic agents. METHODS The time course of expression of VEGF transgene mRNA was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Histopathologic changes in the retina were investigated by light and electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry. Standard and confocal fluorescence microscopy and image analysis were used to evaluate NV in retinal whole mounts. RESULTS VEGF transgene mRNA was first detected in the retina by RT-PCR on postnatal day 6 (P6) and increased over the next several days to reach a constant steady-state level between P14 and P21. Abnormal cells were seen in the outer nuclear layer on P10 and among photoreceptors on P14; by P18 there were cell aggregates in the subretinal space with evidence of lumen formation. The invading cells were demonstrated to be endothelial cells by staining with an endothelial cell-specific lectin. Whole mounts of retinas perfused with fluorescein-labeled dextran showed a similar sequence of events, with sprouts from retinal vessels in the deep capillary bed seen on P14 and vessels reaching the subretinal space by P18. Confocal and standard fluorescence microscopy and changes in the number and area of neovascular lesions in the subretinal space over time measured by image analysis suggest gradual enlargement and coalescence of vascular complexes. The subretinal NV was progressively engulfed by the retinal pigmented epithelium. Invasion of blood vessels from the choroid was not identified in any specimen. CONCLUSIONS These data support the feasibility of using rhodopsin-VEGF transgenic mice to study tissue-specific aspects of NV in the retina and to test antiangiogenic agents for inhibition of intraretinal and subretinal NV.
Family Routines and Social-Emotional School Readiness Among Preschool-Age Children

Objective: To determine whether preschool-age children's participation in family routines is associated with greater likelihood of having high social-emotional health (SEH). Methods: Data come from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort preschool wave, a nationally representative sample of children born in 2001. Based on the literature and distribution of responses, 5 routines were categorized as present if children participated in family dinners ≥5 days per week, reading, storytelling, or singing ≥3 times per week, and play ≥few times per week. A total routines score (0–5) was also computed. Mothers rated children's SEH on 24 items scored 1 through 5. Items were summed into a total score, which was dichotomized at >1 SD above the mean, to reflect low/high SEH. Multivariable analyses assessed associations between SEH, routines score, and individual routines, adjusting for confounders. Results: Among ∼8550 children, 16.6% had high SEH. For each additional routine in which a child participated, there was a 1.47 greater odds of having high SEH. In adjusted models, participating in dinners: 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–1.6), storytelling: 1.9 (95% CI, 1.6–2.4), singing: 1.5 (95% CI, 1.2–1.9), and play: 1.3 (95% CI, 1.1–1.5) was associated with increased odds of high SEH. Reading was not associated with greater odds of high SEH (1.2, 95% CI, 0.9–1.5). Conclusions: Participation in a higher number of routines and in select routines was associated with increased likelihood of having high SEH. Promoting family routines may contribute to greater SEH before school entry.
Playing with Sacred/ Corporeal Identities: Yeshivah Students' Fantasies of Military Participation

This article analyzes the ways in which Haredi yeshivah students reflect on their exemption from military service in Israel. It demonstrates that this view is composed of three aspects: an idealistic vision of yeshivah dedication and exemption from obligatory military service; students' critique on the yeshivah-based religiosity emphasized by contemporary leaders and founders of the community; and students' fantasy on Haredi military service and militarism. Analysis of the Haredi view on military service highlights a deep transformation in Haredi religiosity in Israel and changing relations with the Israeli state and society.
Investigation of RuTiN and RuTiO diffusion barrier suggested by a new design concept for future high-density memory capacitors

As a new design concept for high-density memory capacitors, we proposed both RuTiN (RTN) and the RuTiO (RTO) materials as sacrificial oxygen diffusion barriers. The sheet resistance of the newly developed RuTiN and RuTiO barriers after oxidation was much lower than that of polycrystalline nitride and ternary amorphous barriers reported by others. For the Pt/barrier/TiSi/sub x//n/sup ++/poly-plug/n/sup +/ channel layer/Si contact structure, contact resistance was below 5 kohm even after annealing up to 750/spl deg/C. Correspondingly, the new RuTiN and RuTiO films, as diffusion barriers for oxygen, are very promising materials for high-density capacitors.
Multifocal Educational Policy Research: Toward a Method for Enhancing Traditional Educational Policy Studies

This article emerges from a perception of educational policy studies as restrained in its theoretical and methodological tools. It is argued that because most educational policy studies take place within a traditional rationalist frame, the findings of these studies do not provide a comprehensive understanding of the policy problems being researched and, thus, should not be used as the sole basis for making educational policy. In response to this problem, the author argues in favor of, describes a procedure for, and demonstrates the utility of using more than one theoretical frame in educational policy research. As a means of illustrating this process, traditional and critical theories and methods are used to examine and analyze the same issue: the relationship between parental involvement policy and the participation of Mexican-American mothers from a low-income community in their children's education. This bitheoretical process, it is argued, reveals not only a fuller portrait but also the narrowness and constrictedness of each perspective when used alone.
Linguistic analysis on the construction of satire in Nigerian political cartoons: The example of newspaper cartoons

Political cartoons constitute a form of media text whose verbal and visual elements have made them an interesting research field across academic disciplines. The 21st century has witnessed a considerable research on political cartoons. This increasing research interest indicates that political cartoons have successfully constituted a distinct multimodal genre within media discourses. Political cartoons are used to express opinions, construct valuable arguments and provide specific knowledge on contemporary social issues. However, the analysis of the cartoons from linguistic perspectives remains under-researched. This paper aims at contributing to the knowledge of political cartoon research by analyzing the linguistic elements used in the cartoon written texts to illustrate how Nigerian cartoonists specifically use language to construct satire as a means that could be used perhaps to initiating positive social and political reforms in Nigeria. The method of analysis used in this paper as its framework of analysis, comprises of perceptual theory of satire and linguistic analytical framework within the realm of critical discourse analysis. Semiotic discussion on semiotic modes of the cartoons has also been incorporated in the analysis. From the findings of the study, a distinct lexical topology for identifying lexical items and their distribution in the cartoon written texts has been developed. The topology comprises of five items as follows: loan word, coinage, word class, denotation and connotation. Additionally, Nigerian cartoonists use interjections frequently in the cartoon written texts to create satirical impressions about political leaders, because interjections are used to express a strong emotions or feelings. Given the linguistic and nonlinguistic elements contained in the cartoon texts, cartoons could be harnessed to provide additional insights on how language is specifically used in media discourse. Key words: Linguistic analysis, political cartoons, satire, newspapers, genre, media discourse.
Routing Black Migration to the Urban US South: Social Class and Sources of Social Capital in the Destination Selection Process

This article examines sources of migrant social capital (i.e. social networks and institutional assistance) that facilitated destination selection among African American migrants to a US southern metropolitan area—Charlotte, North Carolina. Charlotte is an emerging magnet city in the net in-migration of blacks to the US South since the 1970s. While research on black migration to the South suggests that family ties assist migrants in selecting destinations, scholars speculate that family ties are less important for migrants of high socio-economic status, who are born outside the South or who move to urban areas. Using qualitative narrative interviews with non-southern-born black migrants to Charlotte, this study identifies other sources of assistance that route blacks to their destination—employers, educational institutions (especially historically black colleges) and the ethnic media. Working-class migrants relied primarily on family and friends when selecting their destination, but middle-class migrants relied on a broader range of sources. Implications for theory about how class shapes the destination selection process are discussed.
Clinical Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Chronic Diseases

Extraordinary progress in understanding several key features of stem cells has been made in the last ten years, including definition of the niche, and identification of signals regulating mobilization and homing as well as partial understanding of the mechanisms controlling self-renewal, commitment, and differentiation. This progress produced invaluable tools for the development of rational cell therapy protocols that have yielded positive results in preclinical models of genetic and acquired diseases and, in several cases, have entered clinical experimentation with positive outcome. Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are nonhematopoietic cells with multilineage potential to differentiate into various tissues of mesodermal origin. They can be isolated from bone marrow and other tissues and have the capacity to extensively proliferate in vitro. Moreover, MSCs have also been shown to produce anti-inflammatory molecules which can modulate humoral and cellular immune responses. Considering their regenerative potential and immunoregulatory effect, MSC therapy is a promising tool in the treatment of degenerative, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. It is obvious that much work remains to be done to increase our knowledge of the mechanisms regulating development, homeostasis, and tissue repair and thus to provide new tools to implement the efficacy of cell therapy trials.
Unconscious Word Processing Engages a Distributed Network of Brain Regions

A briefly exposed visual stimulus may not be consciously perceived if it is preceded and followed by a dissimilar visual pattern or mask. Despite the subject's lack of awareness, prior behavioral studies have shown that such masked stimuli, nevertheless, engage domain-specific processes [Dehaene, S. , Naccache, L. , Cohen, L. , Le Bihan, D. , Mangin, J.-F. , Poline, J.-B. , et al. Cerebral mechanisms of word masking and unconscious repetition priming. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 752758, 2001; Bar, M. , & Biederman, I. Subliminal visual priming. Psychological Science, 9, 464469, 1998; Dehaene, S. , Naccache, L. , Le Clec'H, G. , Koechlin, E. , Mueller, M. , Dehaene-Lambertz, G. , et al. Imaging unconscious semantic priming. Nature, 395, 597600, 1998; Whalen, P. J., Rauch, S. L. , Etcoff, N. L. , McInerney, S. C. , Lee, M. B. , & Jenike, M. A. Masked presentations of emotional facial expressions modulate amygdala activity without explicit knowledge. Journal of Neuroscience, 18, 411418, 1998; Marcel, A. J. Conscious and unconscious perception: Experiments on visual masking and word recognition. Cognitive Psychology, 15, 197237, 1983]. Masking thus provides a method for identifying language processes that are preattentive and automatic. Functional magnetic resonance imaging used in concert with masking may identify brain regions engaged by these unconscious language processes. In an adaptation design, subjects viewed a continuous stream of masked words and masked nonwords while performing an unrelated detection task, in which they were asked to make a response to a visible colored nonword stimulus (i.e., ampersands in red or blue font). Most trials were masked nonwords and masked words were presented once every 1215 sec. The task ensured participant engagement, while the masked nonword baseline controlled for perceptual and orthographic processing. Participants were nave to the purpose of the experiment and testing indicated that they did not consciously perceive either the words or nonwords. Masked words, but not masked nonwords, strongly activated left hemisphere language regions, including Broca's area, the angular gyrus, and the lateral temporal lobe. Differential activation of the posterior corpus callosum was also observed.
Institutional Initiatives for Technological Change: From Issue Interpretation to Strategic Choice

To test a managerial cognition model of organizational adaptation to technolo gical change, we examine strategic responses to the introduction of electronic filing of individual income-tax returns by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service. Based on data from over four hundred tax-return preparation businesses in the United States, we analyzed the effects of issue interpretation on two dimen sions of response strategy — the target (intra-organizational versus inter- organizational) and the magnitude (level of commitment). Results of structural equation analyses support the usefulness of a managerial cognition approach for explaining different response patterns to institutional initiatives for techno logical change. Our findings indicate that three dimensions of issue interpreta tion — urgency, understandability and manageability — shape the level of commitment devoted to actions designed to resolve the issue. Our results also support the sequential nature of response consideration with respect to target, namely that intra-organizational strategies were considered before inter- organizational strategies.
Low-Frequency Limit of Unified Models for Backscattering From Oceanlike Surfaces

In the context of electromagnetic-wave backscattering from oceanlike surfaces, by using the first two orders of unified models, like the small slope approximation and the local curvature approximation, we recently proposed an original technique to reduce the number of numerical integrations to two for easier numerical implementation. In this letter, this technique is simplified in the low-frequency limit, allowing us to bring a correction to the first-order small perturbation method.
Identity Formation, Youth, and Development: A Simplified Approach

Part I: Philosophical and Conceptual Roots of the Identity Question 1. From Ageless Questions to Current Theories 2. Culture and History: How Current Experiences Differ From the Past 3. A Social Psychology of Identities and Their Formation Part II: Late-Modernity: Contextual Adaptations to Individualization Processes 4. Moral Reasoning: A Relational Basis of Individualized Identities 5. Proactivity: Agency in Identity Formation 6. Identity Capital: Strategic Adaptions to Late-Modern Societies Part III: The Transition to Adulthood: Developmental Contextualism Applied to Late-Modernity 7. Current Scientific Approaches to Self Development and Identity Formation 8. Contexts of Identity Formation in Late-Modern Societies 9. Identity Formation and the Potentials of Human Development
The non-native speaker teacher

‘Non-native English-speaking teachers’ (NNESTs) have tended to be conceptualized within ELT along the same lines as NNS in general. The second language acquisition literature traditionally ‘elevates an idealized ‘‘native’’ speaker above a stereotypicalized ‘‘nonnative’’, while viewing the latter as a defective communicator, limited by an underdeveloped communicative competence’ (Firth and Wagner 1997: 285). The resulting (in)competence dichotomy positions the NNS/NNESTas a deficient or lessthan-native speaker (cf. ‘near-native’, Valdes 1998). In an attempt to solve this problem, a number of alternative terms have been suggested, for example ‘proficient user’ (Paikeday 1985), ‘language expert’ (Rampton 1990), ‘English-using speech fellowship’ (Kachru 1992), and ‘multicompetent speaker’ (Cook 1999). However, the field is still a long way from reaching a consensus about whether to adopt any of these labels.
Mechanism of Copper Uptake from Blood Plasma Ceruloplasmin by Mammalian Cells

Ceruloplasmin, the main copper binding protein in blood plasma, has been of particular interest for its role in efflux of iron from cells, but has additional functions. Here we tested the hypothesis that it releases its copper for cell uptake by interacting with a cell surface reductase and transporters, producing apoceruloplasmin. Uptake and transepithelial transport of copper from ceruloplasmin was demonstrated with mammary epithelial cell monolayers (PMC42) with tight junctions grown in bicameral chambers, and purified human 64Cu-labeled ceruloplasmin secreted by HepG2 cells. Monolayers took up virtually all the 64Cu over 16h and secreted half into the apical (milk) fluid. This was partly inhibited by Ag(I). The 64Cu in ceruloplasmin purified from plasma of 64Cu-injected mice accumulated linearly in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) over 3-6h. Rates were somewhat higher in Ctr1+/+ versus Ctr1-/- cells, and 3-fold lower at 2°C. The ceruloplasmin-derived 64Cu could not be removed by extensive washing or trypsin treatment, and most was recovered in the cytosol. Actual cell copper (determined by furnace atomic absorption) increased markedly upon 24h exposure to holoceruloplasmin. This was accompanied by a conversion of holo to apoceruloplasmin in the culture medium and did not occur during incubation in the absence of cells. Four different endocytosis inhibitors failed to prevent 64Cu uptake from ceruloplasmin. High concentrations of non-radioactive Cu(II)- or Fe(III)-NTA (substrates for cell surface reductases), or Cu(I)-NTA (to compete for transporter uptake) almost eliminated uptake of 64Cu from ceruloplasmin. MEFs had cell surface reductase activity and expressed Steap 2 (but not Steaps 3 and 4 or dCytB). However, six-day siRNA treatment was insufficient to reduce activity or uptake. We conclude that ceruloplasmin is a circulating copper transport protein that may interact with Steap2 on the cell surface, forming apoceruloplasmin, and Cu(I) that enters cells through CTR1 and an unknown copper uptake transporter.
‘What I’ve found is that your related experiences tend to make you dissatisfied’: Psychological obsolescence, consumer demand and the dynamics and environmental implications of de-stabilization in the laptop sector

Research on product life-spans tends to link the causes of psychological obsolescence with end-users and product designers, and posits the consequences of obsolescence in terms of increasing e-waste and energy use. Drawing upon qualitative fieldwork conducted with employees of a global computer firm and users of its laptop computers this article brings together the poles of production and consumption to explore the dynamics of de-stabilization in product qualities, connecting the intensification of this process to psychological obsolescence and unsustainable patterns of consumption. First, we demonstrate that consumer-facing functions within the firm such as user research, sales and marketing play a key role in driving the pace of technological change within the firm by specifying consumer demand. We argue that by distilling an imaginary demanding consumer from various sources, the firm justifies and drives rapid de-stabilization in product qualities and specifications. We show how this prompts end consumers to constantly re-evaluate product qualities, devaluing existing products and contributing to psychological obsolescence and disposal of functioning products. We then go on to discuss the environmental implications of this process, suggesting that whilst premature disposal due to perceived obsolescence may not increase waste in the short term, it is still likely to contribute to an increase in material and energy use in manufacturing.