Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Outcomes of Endoscopic Resection of Early Gastric Cancer with Undifferentiated-Type Histology: A Korean ESD Registry Database Analysis

Background/Aims To assess the therapeutic outcomes of endoscopic resection (ER) of early gastric cancer (EGC) with undifferentiated-type histology. Methods Cases of ER of EGC with undifferentiated-type histology in the Korean endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) registry database were identified and reviewed. The immediate outcomes, including en bloc resection, complete resection, and curative resection rates, and long-term outcomes, including recurrence and survival rates, were extracted and analyzed. Results From 2006 to 2015, 275 EGCs with undifferentiated-type histology from 275 patients were identified. The immediate outcomes were as follows: en bloc resection rate: 92.4%; complete resection rate: 80%; and curative resection rate: 36.4%. Compared to patients with lesions that were beyond the expanded indication, those with expanded indication lesions showed better therapeutic outcomes. There was no difference in immediate outcomes between patients with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (PDC) and signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC). However, compared to ER of SRC, ER of PDC had a stronger association with submucosal invasion (41.9% vs. 23.6%, p=0.003). With regard to long-term outcomes, there was no difference between lesions with curative and non-curative resections in the recurrence and mortality rates. These rates also did not differ between PDC and SRC (median follow up: 3.96 years). Conclusions ER confined to expanded indication lesions can be considered for treatment of EGC with undifferentiated-type histology.
Trend detection in water-quality and load time-series from agri-cultural catchments of Yläneenjoki and Pyhäjoki, SW Finland

Long-term water quality (WQ) and load trends were studied in the catchments of Yläneenjoki and Pyhäjoki in SW Finland, where agricultural water protection measures have been implemented since the mid-1990s. A univariate Mann-Kendall (MK) trend test, a multivariate Mann-Kendall (MMK) trend test, and a multivariate Mann-Kendall trend test applied to the WQ data flow-normalized by a semi-parametric model (FN-MMK) were used. The results of all methods were similar when the nutrient concentration data were used, but they differed when using the nutrient load data. The FN-MMK test was intended to detect trends caused by anthropogenic impact. In the clay-soil-dominated catchment of Yläneenjoki there were increasing trends in the concentrations and loads of total nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, dissolved reactive phosphorus, and a decreasing trend in suspended solid concentrations. However, no increasing or decreasing trends were detected for the majority of the concentrations or loads in sand-soil-dominated catchment of Pyhäjoki. This suggests different responses to comparable environmental and anthropogenic pressures in these two river basins.
Landslide susceptibility mapping in eastern hills of Rara Lake, western Nepal

Landslides are one of the geological hazards. When the impacts from landslides increase in such a way that the community requires support of outside, it turns out to be the disaster. Such impacts can be reduced when future occurrences of landslides can be predicted. Landslide susceptibility maps could assist in this regard. The landslide susceptibility is the function of the degree of inherent stability of the slope together with the presence of factors capable of reducing the excess strength and ultimately triggering movement (Crozier and Glade 2004). It is the tendency of an area to the occurrence of landslides.
The Multiplier Method for Prediction of Adult Height

The authors propose the "height multiplier method," a new, simple, universal method to predict adult height. The authors calculated age- and gender-specific height multiplier values and validated their use for height prediction. Average height multiplier values (M) for boys and girls were calculated by dividing height at skeletal maturity (Htm) by present height (Ht) for each age, gender, and height percentile (M = Htm/Ht) using data published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The accuracy of the multiplier method was compared with the CDC growth charts using longitudinal growth data from 52 normal children. No significant differences were noted between predictions made using the CDC growth charts versus the multiplier method. The authors also compared the CDC-derived multiplier values with other growth databases from around the world and from different eras. Height multipliers were independent of height percentile, race, and generation, indicating that the multiplier method is universal.
Young girls' emerging dietary restraint and disinhibition are related to parental control in child feeding

This research investigated the origins of dietary restraint and disinhibition in young girls by considering how parents' control in child feeding and their daughters' perceptions of these practices relate to girls' dietary restraint and disinhibition. Participants were 197 5-year-old girls (4.6-6.4 years) and their parents. Parental pressure and restriction were measured using the Child Feeding Questionnaire. Girls' perceptions of parental pressure and restriction were measured using the Kid's Child Feeding Questionnaire, and their restraint and emotional and external disinhibition were measured using an age-appropriate version of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to determine associations among parental control in feeding, daughters' perceptions of control, and daughters' dietary restraint and disinhibition. The results indicated that one-third of 5-year-olds reported moderate levels of dietary restraint, about 25% of the sample showed evidence of emotional disinhibition, and nearly 75% reported externally disinhibited eating in the presence of palatable foods. Daughters' dietary restraint and emotional disinhibition were related to their perceptions of parental pressure to eat more, while their external disinhibition was related to their perceptions of having restrictions placed on their eating. This research reveals that pressure in child feeding is associated with the emergence of dietary restraint and disinhibition among young girls, eating styles characterized by a lack of responsiveness to internal hunger and satiety cues.
Two Enzymes of a Complete Degradation Pathway for Linear Alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) Surfactants: 4-Sulfoacetophenone Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenase and 4-Sulfophenylacetate Esterase in Comamonas testosteroni KF-1

ABSTRACT Complete biodegradation of the surfactant linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) is accomplished by complex bacterial communities in two steps. First, all LAS congeners are degraded into about 50 sulfophenylcarboxylates (SPC), one of which is 3-(4-sulfophenyl)butyrate (3-C4-SPC). Second, these SPCs are mineralized. 3-C4-SPC is mineralized by Comamonas testosteroni KF-1 in a process involving 4-sulfoacetophenone (SAP) as a metabolite and an unknown inducible Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO) to yield 4-sulfophenyl acetate (SPAc) from SAP (SAPMO enzyme); hydrolysis of SPAc to 4-sulfophenol and acetate is catalyzed by an unknown inducible esterase (SPAc esterase). Transcriptional analysis showed that one of four candidate genes for BVMOs in the genome of strain KF-1, as well as an SPAc esterase candidate gene directly upstream, was inducibly transcribed during growth with 3-C4-SPC. The same genes were identified by enzyme purification and peptide fingerprinting-mass spectrometry when SAPMO was enriched and SPAc esterase purified to homogeneity by protein chromatography. Heterologously overproduced pure SAPMO converted SAP to SPAc and was active with phenylacetone and 4-hydroxyacetophenone but not with cyclohexanone and progesterone. SAPMO showed the highest sequence homology to the archetypal phenylacetone BVMO (57%), followed by steroid BVMO (55%) and 4-hydroxyacetophenone BVMO (30%). Finally, the two pure enzymes added sequentially, SAPMO with NADPH and SAP, and then SPAc esterase, catalyzed the conversion of SAP via SPAc to 4-sulfophenol and acetate in a 1:1:1:1 molar ratio. Hence, the first two enzymes of a complete LAS degradation pathway were identified, giving evidence for the recruitment of members of the very versatile type I BVMO and carboxylester hydrolase enzyme families for the utilization of a xenobiotic compound by bacteria.
How to detect cognitive dysfunction at early stages of multiple sclerosis?

Detecting cognitive dysfunction may be clinically important during the early stages of multiple sclerosis (MS). We assessed a self-report questionnaire on cognitive complaints and individual neuropsychological tests to select patients with early relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) who needed comprehensive cognitive testing. Fifty-seven patients underwent neurological and neuropsychological assessment, including Rao’s Brief Repeatable Battery (BRB) and the complete SEP-59 Questionnaire, a French adaptation of the MSQOL-54, which contains four specific questions about self-perception of cognitive functions. Predictive values, specificity, sensitivity and accuracy of five individual neuropsychological tests-Selective Reminding Test, Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Similarities Subtest, PASAT and Stroop Test-were calculated to predict cognitive impairment. Only 10.5% of patients did not report any cognitive complaint, while most reported complaints. On the basis of cognitive performances, 59.7% of patients were classified as cognitively impaired, although only one cognitive score was correlated with cognitive complaints. Depressive symptoms and fatigue were associated with more cognitive complaints. Sensitivity of the SDMT to predict cognitive impairment was 74.2%, specificity was 76.9% and accuracy was 75.4%. Since, at this stage, patients’ cognitive complaints are already influenced by depression and fatigue and do not accurately reflect cognitive performances, the SDMT may help to select patients for testing with a more complete cognitive battery.
Is combined topical and intravenous tranexamic acid superior to single use of tranexamic acid in total joint arthroplasty?

Background: To compare the efficacy and safety of the combined application of both intravenous and topical tranexamic acid (TXA) versus the single use of either application in patients with total knee and hip arthroplasty (TKA and THA). Methods: Potentially relevant studies were identified from electronic databases including Medline, PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library. Randomized control trials (RCTs) of patients prepared for total joint arthroplasty that compared combined TXA with placebo were retrieved. The primary endpoint was hemoglobin decline or postoperative hemoglobin level, blood loss, drainage volume, transfusion requirements. The secondary outcomes were length of stay (LOS), and operation time as well as surgery-related adverse effects, such as wound infection, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE). After testing for publication bias and heterogeneity between studies, data were aggregated for random-effects models when necessary. Results: Five RCTs that included 604 patients met the inclusion criteria. The present meta-analysis indicated significant differences existed in the total blood loss (mean difference [MD] = −134.65, 95% CI: −191.66 to −77.64, P < .0001), postoperative hemoglobin level (MD = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.39–1.10, P < .0001), drainage volume (MD = −47.44, 95% CI: −64.55 to −30.33, P < .00001), and transfusion rate (risk difference [RD] = −0.06, 95% CI: −0.10 to −0.02, P = .006) between groups. Conclusion: Combined administration of TXA in TKA and THA was associated with significantly reduced total blood loss, postoperative hemoglobin decline, drainage volume, and transfusion requirements. Well-designed, high-quality RCTs with long-term follow-up are still required.
Beyond-CMOS Device Benchmarking for Boolean and Non-Boolean Logic Applications

The latest results of benchmarking research are presented for a variety of beyond-CMOS charge- and spin-based devices. In addition to improving the device-level models, several new device proposals and a few majorly modified devices are investigated. Deep pipelining circuits are employed to boost the throughput of low-power devices. Furthermore, the benchmarking methodology is extended to interconnect-centric analyses and non-Boolean logic applications. In contrast to Boolean circuits, non-Boolean circuits based on the cellular neural network demonstrate that spintronic devices can potentially outperform conventional CMOS devices.
LST1 promotes the assembly of a molecular machinery responsible for tunneling nanotube formation

Summary Carefully orchestrated intercellular communication is an essential prerequisite for the development of multicellular organisms. In recent years, tunneling nanotubes (TNT) have emerged as a novel and widespread mechanism of cell–cell communication. However, the molecular basis of their formation is still poorly understood. In the present study we report that the transmembrane MHC class III protein leukocyte specific transcript 1 (LST1) induces the formation of functional nanotubes and is required for endogenous nanotube generation. Mechanistically, we found that LST1 induces nanotube formation by recruiting the small GTPase RalA to the plasma membrane and promoting its interaction with the exocyst complex. Furthermore, we determined that LST1 recruits the actin-crosslinking protein filamin to the plasma membrane and interacts with M-Sec, myosin and myoferlin. These results allow us to suggest a molecular model for nanotube generation. In this proposal LST1 functions as a membrane scaffold mediating the assembly of a multimolecular complex, which controls the formation of functional nanotubes.
Newer Methods Of Tonsillectomy As Compared To Conventional Dissection Method

Tonsillectomy is old surgical procedure that has evolved to a more safe method that has lesser complications with little or no morbidity and mortality. Aim; this was comparative study which compared the old dissection tonsillectomy method and the newer method of tonsillectomy (ultrasonic scalpel and Laser tonsillectomy method). Methodology; Equal number of patients both in age and sexes had conventional dissection tonsillectomy method, ultrasonic scalpel method and laser methods of tonsillectomy. The surgical outcomes of these methods of tonsillectomy were compared base on intra and postoperative findings. Result; Ultrasonic scalpel method had the least intraoperative blood loss; The scores showed that there was a statistically significant pain in laser tonsillectomy method and that the pain was least in ultrasonic scalpel tonsillectomy method with a P value of <0.001. Conclusion; Conventional tonsillectomy method is the most preferred tonsillectomy method in developing world.
Phase Retrieval via Matrix Completion

This paper develops a novel framework for phase retrieval, a problem which arises in X-ray crystallography, diffraction imaging, astronomical imaging, and many other applications. Our approach, called PhaseLift, combines multiple structured illuminations together with ideas from convex programming to recover the phase from intensity measurements, typically from the modulus of the diffracted wave. We demonstrate empirically that a complex-valued object can be recovered from the knowledge of the magnitude of just a few diffracted patterns by solving a simple convex optimization problem inspired by the recent literature on matrix completion. More importantly, we also demonstrate that our noise-aware algorithms are stable in the sense that the reconstruction degrades gracefully as the signal-to-noise ratio decreases. Finally, we introduce some theory showing that one can design very simple structured illumination patterns such that three diffracted figures uniquely determine the phase of the object we wish to.
Simultaneous Private Learning of Multiple Concepts

We investigate the {\em direct-sum} problem in the context of differentially private PAC learning: What is the sample complexity of solving k learning tasks simultaneously under differential privacy, and how does this cost compare to that of solving k learning tasks without privacy? In our setting, an individual example consists of a domain element x labeled by k unknown concepts (c1,.,ck). The goal of a multi-learner is to output k hypotheses (h1,.,hk) that generalize the input examples. Without concern for privacy, the sample complexity needed to simultaneously learn $k$ concepts is essentially the same as needed for learning a single concept. Under differential privacy, the basic strategy of learning each hypothesis independently yields sample complexity that grows polynomially with k. For some concept classes, we give multi-learners that require fewer samples than the basic strategy. Unfortunately, however, we also give lower bounds showing that even for very simple concept classes, the sample cost of private multi-learning must grow polynomially in k.
Activation of interferon regulatory factor-3 via toll-like receptor 3 and immunomodulatory functions detected in A549 lung epithelial cells exposed to misplaced U1-snRNA

U1-snRNA is an integral part of the U1 ribonucleoprotein pivotal for pre-mRNA splicing. Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling has recently been associated with immunoregulatory capacities of U1-snRNA. Using lung A549 epithelial/carcinoma cells, we report for the first time on interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-3 activation initiated by endosomally delivered U1-snRNA. This was associated with expression of the IRF3-inducible genes interferon-β (IFN-β), CXCL10/IP-10 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Mutational analysis of the U1-snRNA-activated IFN-β promoter confirmed the crucial role of the PRDIII element, previously proven pivotal for promoter activation by IRF3. Notably, expression of these parameters was suppressed by bafilomycin A1, an inhibitor of endosomal acidification, implicating endosomal TLR activation. Since resiquimod, an agonist of TLR7/8, failed to stimulate A549 cells, data suggest TLR3 to be of prime relevance for cellular activation. To assess the overall regulatory potential of U1-snRNA-activated epithelial cells on cytokine production, co-cultivation with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was performed. Interestingly, A549 cells activated by U1-snRNA reinforced phytohemagglutinin-induced interleukin-10 release by PBMC but suppressed that of tumor necrosis factor-α, indicating an anti-inflammatory potential of U1-snRNA. Since U1-snRNA is enriched in apoptotic bodies and epithelial cells are capable of performing efferocytosis, the present data in particular connect to immunobiological aspects of apoptosis at host/environment interfaces.
Bacterial adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis to intraocular lenses: a bioluminescence and scanning electron microscopy study.

PURPOSE To analyze and compare the adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis to intraocular lenses (IOLs) made of five different biomaterials (native or heparinized polymethylmethacrylate, silicone, hydrophilic acrylic, or hydrogel) and to detail the different steps and mechanisms of bacterial adhesion to a polymer. METHODS A clinical strain carrying the intercellular adhesion (ica) locus was used. In a previous study, the extent of bacterial binding was measured by counting. In this study, two different techniques, bioluminescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were used to analyze the accuracy of each one, to obtain a comparison between the various IOLs, and to complete previous observations. The results were compared using both the Kruskal-Wallis and the Mann-Whitney nonparametric tests. RESULTS Bacterial adhesion was statistically weakest on hydrogel and then on hydrophilic acrylic polymer. Adhesion depended on the hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of the biomaterials. Slight differences were found between the two methods, and these differences are explained. Furthermore, SEM observations highlighted two different patterns of bacterial adhesion (isolated bacteria and clusters of bacteria), assuming that hydrophobic IOLs (silicone and PMMA) probably facilitate bacterial colonization and biofilm production. CONCLUSIONS Attachment mechanisms may be different in each case, depending on the polymer material and the infecting organism, because there are various types of behavior among S. epidermidis strains. Hydrophilic polymer surfaces (hydrogel and probably hydrophilic acrylic) seem to be useful in avoiding the development of bacterial colonies and hence in preventing endophthalmitis. Fewer bacteria were attached, demonstrating inhibition or delay in bacterial colonization.
pH of pus collected from periapical abscesses.

AIM To determine the pH of pus collected from periapical abscesses. METHODOLOGY Forty patients (Male = 17/Female = 23) between the ages 17 and 37 years, each with a periapical abscess and with no relevant medical history, were recruited. All the participants had moderate-to-severe pain on percussion accompanied by localized or generalized swelling. At least 1 mL of pus was aspirated from each participant using a No 20 gauge needle. A pH meter was used to define the pH of the pus immediately following aspiration. RESULT The mean pH of pus from the periapical abscesses of patients was 6.68 +/- 0.324 with a range between 6.0 and 7.3. There was no statistically significant difference in pH by gender or age. CONCLUSION The mean pH of pus from periapical abscesses was generally acidic, but some samples (two female and three male) were neutral and some samples (four female and one male) were alkaline.
Fast Adaptive S-ALOHA Scheme for Event-Driven Machine-to-Machine Communications

Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication is now playing a market-changing role in a wide range of business world. However, in event-driven M2M communications, a large number of devices activate within a short period of time, which in turn causes high radio congestions and severe access delay. To address this issue, we propose a Fast Adaptive S- ALOHA (FASA) scheme for M2M communication systems with bursty traffic. The statistics of consecutive idle and collision slots, rather than the observation in a single slot, are used in FASA to accelerate the tracking process of network status. Furthermore, the fast convergence property of FASA is guaranteed by using drift analysis. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed FASA scheme achieves near-optimal performance in reducing access delay, which outperforms that of traditional additive schemes such as PB-ALOHA. Moreover, compared to multiplicative schemes, FASA shows its robustness even under heavy traffic load in addition to better delay performance.
Acinetobacter spp. as nosocomial pathogens: microbiological, clinical, and epidemiological features

INTRODUCTION 149 TAXONOMY 149 Historical Features 149 Current Taxonomic Status 149 Delineation of Species 149 Species of Clinical Importance 150 LABORATORY IDENTIFICATION 150 Isolation from Clinical Specimens 150 Morphological, Cultural, and Metabolic Characteristics 151 Species Identification 151 NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS CAUSED BY ACINETOBACTER SPP. 152 Overview 152 Respiratory Infection 152 Bacteremia 153 Meningitis 153 Urinary Tract Infection 154 Other Miscellaneous Infections 154 PATHOGENESIS OF ACINETOBACTER INFECTIONS 154 Predisposing Factors 154 Virulence of Acinetobacter spp. 154 EPIDEMIOLOGY 155 Human Carriage 155 Persistence in the Hospital Environment 155 TYPING SYSTEMS 156 Biotyping 156 Antibiograms 156 Serotyping 156 Phage Typing 157 Bacteriocin Typing 157 Protein Profiles 157 Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoretic Typing 157 Plasmid Profiles 157 Analysis by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis 157 Ribotyping 157 PCR-Based Methods 158 CLINICAL ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE 158 BIOCHEMICAL AND GENETIC MECHANISMS OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE 158 Genetics of Resistance 158 b-Lactams 159 Aminoglycosides 159 Quinolones 160 Other Antibiotics 160 THERAPY OF ACINETOBACTER INFECTIONS 160 CONCLUSIONS 160 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 161 REFERENCES 161