Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Revised Spontaneity Assessment Inventory (SAI-R): Spontaneity, Well-Being, and Stress

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MATERIALS AND METHODS Animal preparation and anaesthesia : After approval by the Animal Ethical Committee at University of Veterinary

This experimental study was conducted to compare the two different techniques of end-to-end anastomosis, hand-sewn vs stapled anastomosis, in the jejunum of dogs. After approval from the Animal Ethical Committee, the research study was tested on 12 healthy mongrel dogs, randomly divided into two different groups (A and B) comprising 6 dogs each. Conventional hand-sewn method of end-to-end anastomosis was applied on group A and stapled anastomosis was performed on the dogs of group-B, using the end-to-end anastomosis (EEA) circular stapling device. Based on physical observations and contrast radiographic findings, there was neither any leakage from the site of anastomosis nor any severe post operative complications in terms of peritonitis, septicaemia or shock. Upon exploratory laparotomy, no significant change was observed in the internal and external diameters at the site of anastomosis, between Groups A and B. However, the suturing time significantly decreased through application of stapled suturing technique (mean: 44.3±1.28**; P≤0.0002), as compared with the conventional suturing method (mean: 54.3±1.23). Based on the physiological parameters and radiographic evaluation, it was concluded that the method of stapled suturing is safe and convenient for use in dogs; the additional advantage of the ease in application makes suturing more rapid, decreases suturing time required, and minimizes chances of post-operative complications.
The faecal flora of patients with Crohn's disease

Summary The faecal flora of patients with Crohn's disease was compared with that of healthy subjects. In patients with terminal ileitis, numbers of anaerobic gramnegative and coccoid rods (species of Eubacterium and Peptostreptococcus) were higher than in the controls whereas anaerobic gram-positive rods and cocci and aerobes occurred in normal numbers. The composition of the flora was neither influenced by duration of the disease nor by ileocaecal resection. In healthy subjects and patients, a chemically defined diet induced only slight changes in the flora. Thus, the flora in terminal ileitis although stable was permanently abnormal. In patients with Crohn's colitis, abnormally low numbers of anaerobes were found in patients with severe, bloody diarrhoea while aerobic counts were normal. The flora in patients with mild colitis was similar to that in terminal ileitis. It is suggested that the abnormal flora composition might be an expression of the genetic predisposition to Crohn's disease.
Differential Effects of Paricalcitol and Calcitriol on Intestinal Calcium Absorption in Hemodialysis Patients

Background/Aims: Increased parathyroid activity associated with chronic kidney disease is often managed with calcitriol, which can elevate serum calcium (Ca) by increasing bone resorption and intestinal absorption, whereas paricalcitol promotes less bone resorption. This study compared intestinal Ca absorption in hemodialysis patients treated with calcitriol versus paricalcitol (dose ratio 1:3). Methods: Patients (n = 22) aged ≧20 years, on maintenance hemodialysis for ≧2 months with intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels of >200 pg/ml were enrolled in a single-center, double-blind, active-controlled, randomized, crossover trial. Mean fractional intestinal Ca absorption (±SE) was measured by the single-tracer method (42Ca) and evaluated with an analysis of variance crossover model. Results: Mean fractional intestinal Ca absorption was significantly lower after paricalcitol (0.135 ± 0.006) versus calcitriol treatment (0.158 ± 0.006, p = 0.022), a 0.023 difference in absolute Ca absorption fraction. Overall Ca absorption was low in the study population, indicating that regulation of Ca absorption may be dysfunctional. There were no significant differences in serum PTH, Ca, phosphorus (P), or Ca × P. Conclusion: Overall, paricalcitol-treated patients absorbed ∼14% less Ca compared with calcitriol-treated patients with similar effects on PTH. In hemodialysis patients, paricalcitol may provide a benefit by lowering the Ca available for removal by dialysis and/or for deposit in bone or soft tissues.
Aliskiren accumulation in the kidney: no major role for binding to renin or prorenin

Background and objective: The antihypertensive effects of the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren last substantially longer after treatment withdrawal than expected based upon its plasma half-life. This may be attributable to drug accumulation in the kidney as recently shown in rats and mice. Since aliskiren binds to renin we examined in the present study whether this accumulation depends on the renin content of the kidney. Methods: For this we measured the aliskiren concentration in the kidney of wild-type as well as AT1a receptor−/− and Ren1c−/− mice. AT1a receptor−/− mice overexpress renin due to the lack of angiotensin II-mediated negative feedback, whereas Ren1c−/− mice lack renal renin expression. Results: Accumulation of aliskiren was found in the kidney of wild-type mice. However, renal accumulation was neither influenced by the overexpression nor by the absence of renin in the kidney. It was recently shown that the effects of aliskiren can be blocked by a handle region peptide, which inhibits the nonproteolytic activation of prorenin bound to the (pro)renin receptor. To investigate whether this putative (pro)renin receptor blocker influences renal aliskiren accumulation, we administered the blocker in addition to aliskiren. No influence on renal aliskiren accumulation was observed. Conclusion: These data confirm accumulation of aliskiren in the murine kidney and demonstrate that neither renin nor (pro)renin receptor-bound prorenin are major players in this process.
Ethnic Differences in Coping with Interpersonal Stressors

This study examines ethnic differences in how Asian and White American students cope with interpersonal stressors and tests whether differences in self-construals mediate the relationship between ethnicity and coping. Asian Americans were found to be more oriented toward secondary control and less oriented toward primary control than White Americans. Independent self-construal fully mediated the ethnic difference in primary control. Greater orientation toward an independent self-construal accounted for the greater use of primary control among Whites, in relation to Asians. Interdependent self-construal partially mediated the ethnic difference in secondary control. Greater orientation toward an interdependent self-construal accountedforthe greateruse ofsecondarycontrolamongAsians, in relationto Whites. Otherfactors, suchas structural variables, may account for further ethnic variations in secondary control coping.
The Influence of Visualization on Intuitive and Analytical Information Processing

To test the assumption in cognitive-experiential self-theory (CEST) that visualized experience is similar to real experience in people's intuitive-experiential system but not in their analytical-rational system, participants responded to a verbal description of the ratio-bias (RB) game of chance with and without vivid visualization of the situation. In real situations, people have consistently been willing to pay small sums of money for the privilege of drawing from a bowl that offered 10 winning items out of 100 in preference to one that offered 1 winning item out of 10. Some reported that although they “knew better,” they “felt” they had a better chance of drawing a winning item when there were more of them. Interestingly, this irrational response does not occur when people are simply asked what they believe they would do in a real situation. In support of prediction, vivid visualization of a verbal description of the game of chance reproduced the phenomenon that otherwise occurs only in real situations. Several subsidiary predictions based on CEST were also supported, including the biasing effect of intuitive-experiential thinking on subsequent attempts to think rationally. This effect, which has been demonstrated in several other situations, has important implications for understanding human irrationality.
“I'm Riskin' It”: Teachers Take On Consumerism

This qualitative study investigates how 90 teachers explored critical curriculum through their reading, analysis and creation of counter advertisements. Located in visual discourse analysis, we designed a study to investigate the question “To what extent can teachers engaged in a critical literacy curriculum talk back to messages of consumerism, especially through construction of counter ads? More specifically, we wanted to know: What messages do teachers talk back to when they read and analyze advertisements? How do they critically repackage their advertisement through counter ads they create? and What do teachers' interpretations of advertisements and their counter ads offer educators as insight for creating curriculum? We found that teachers did develop a language of critique for visual and written messages of consumerism, and found that knowing how to analyze visual texts enabled them to understand how to integrate this work into their own critical literacy curriculum.
Doing ambivalence: Embracing policy innovation - At arm's length

This article considers the social organization of responses among human service staff to changes in public policy, using a study of a Swedish treatment center for juveniles as an illustration. The stance toward a new treatment ideology, "family-work," was not one of either accepting or rejecting the new policy; the staff conveyed both embracing and distancing. Policy innovations, it is argued, create conditions that work as a catalyst for "doing ambivalence, " an accommodative rhetoric that integrates the new and subtly expresses reservations.
A Narrative Approach to Collective Identities

From a narrative perspective, organizations' identities are discursive (linguistic) constructs constituted by the multiple identity-relevant narratives that their participants author about them, and which feature, for example, in documents, conversations and electronic media. By defining collective identities as the totality of such narratives I draw attention to their complex, and often fragmented and heterogeneous nature. My approach contrasts with much of the theorizing in this field which has tended to homogenize collective identities by emphasizing what is common or shared, failed to capture the interplay between different communities within organizations, and produced bland, undifferentiated empirical research. In particular, the theoretical framework that I outline focuses attention on the importance of reflexivity, voice, plurivocity, temporality, and fictionality to an understanding of collective identities as locales for competing hegemonic claims. In combination, these notions form a unique conceptual model for theorizing and researching collective identities. This said, a narrative approach also has its limitations, and is proposed as an additional, not exclusive, interpretive lens.
The Temporal Satisfaction With Life Scale.

This article introduces The Temporal Satisfaction With Life Scale (TSWLS), and reports data establishing its reliability and validity as a measure of life satisfaction. The addition of a temporal dimension allows the TSWLS to assess an individual's past, present, and future life satisfaction. Data relevant to reliability and validity of the TSWLS were gathered from three samples, including one college sample and two adult samples. Moderate to strong correlations with other self- and peer-reported measures of well-being and life satisfaction were observed. Factor analyses revealed a three-factor structure, with the factors corresponding to past, present, and future time frames. Measures of internal and temporal reliability show the TSWLS to be a highly consistent measure of global life satisfaction.
Genetic polymorphism in the NRF2 gene as a prognosis marker for cancer chemotherapy

NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor that controls the expression of a variety of antioxidant and detoxification genes. Accumulating evidence strongly suggests that NRF2 mediates cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance, as well. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) -617C > A in the anti-oxidant response element-like loci of the human NRF2 gene play a pivotal role in the positive feedback loop of transcriptional activation of the NRF2 gene. Since the SNP (-617A) reportedly decreases the binding affinity to the transcription factors of NRF2/small multiple alignment format (MafK), the homozygous -617A/A allele may attenuate the positive feedback loop of transcriptional activation of the NRF2 gene and reduce the NRF2 protein level. As the consequence, cancer cells are considered to become more sensitive to therapy and less aggressive than cancer cells harboring the -617C (WT) allele. Indeed, Japanese lung cancer patients carrying SNP homozygous alleles (c. -617A/A) exhibited remarkable survival over 1,700 days after surgical operation (log-rank p = 0.021). The genetic polymorphism in the human NRF2 gene is considered as one of prognosis markers for cancer therapy.
The Predictive Validity of the Developing Cognitive Abilities Test

The Developing Cognitive Abilities Test (Beggs and Mouw, 1980) was developed for the assessment of the aptitudes of students in the overall Comprehensive Assessment Program (CPA) test battery. The Developing Cognitive Abilities Test (DCAT) is similar in format to traditional intelligence tests but the DCAT was developed along a format that included both a cognitive taxonomy and content areas. The concept seems to be unique for tests designed to measure student aptitudes. This study was concerned with the predictive validity of the DCAT.
The Role of Voltage Dependent Calcium Channels in Identified Motoneurons During Fictive Locomotor Behavior

The primary goal of this work was to examine the role of voltage-dependent Ca channels in regulating the output of larval Drosophila motoneurons functioning within an intact network. To accomplish this goal, two major aims were addressed: 1. To determine whether larval Drosophila motoneurons express voltage-dependent Ca channels in their central processes, and further, to determine the genes responsible. 2. To determine the role of centrally expressed voltage-dependent Ca channels in the regulation of motoneuron output as motoneurons receive behaviorally relevant input from the locomotor network. To address these goals, genetic tools available in Drosophila were used along side in situ patch clamp techniques from larval motoneurons. Using whole cell voltage-clamp techniques in situ, we have shown that two identified motoneurons, aCC and RP-2, carry voltage-dependent currents recorded from the soma. Dmca1D, the L-type like channel in Drosophila, is primarily responsible for this current. Expressing Dmca1D RNAi in aCC and RP-2, as the preparation displayed fictive bouts of locomotion, caused an increase in burst duration in both RP-2 and aCC as well as an increase in the number of action potentials fired per burst. Additionally, the afterhyperpolarization between spikes was greatly reduced and spiking became less regular. This work indicates a role for Dmca1D in the processing of synaptic information in Drosophila motoneurons aCC and RP-2.
Validation of a web-based ESL test

The web offers new opportunities to realize some of the current ideals for interactive language assessment by providing learners information about their language ability at their convenience. If such tests are to be trusted to provide learners with information that might help to improve their language ability, the tests need to undergo validation processes, but validation theory does not offer specific guidance about what should be included in a validity argument. Conventional wisdom suggests that low-stakes tests require less rigorous validation than high-stakes tests, but what are the factors that affect decisions about the validation process for either? Attempting to make these contributing factors explicit, this article examines the ways in which the purpose of a low-stakes web-based ESL (English as a second language) test guided its design and the validation process. The validity argument resulting from the first phase of the validation process is illustrated.
Factors Influencing Interventions on Behalf of Victims of Bullying

While both outsiders and defenders have antibullying attitudes, only defenders have the reputation to defend victims. However, outsiders—despite their reputation of avoiding involvement in bullying—do receive some defender nominations and thus defend victims at least occasionally. This study investigated the relationship between these behavioral reputations and social-cognitive antecedents of students’ provictim intervention decision: Is provictim intervention related to a cost-reward analysis or to an analysis based on the presence and reactions of others? A sample of 489 Dutch early adolescents ( X ¯ age = 11.5 years) was presented a scenario in which they were to imagine being witness to victimization. Through a counterfactual thinking item procedure, the relationships between students’ reputations and social cognitions about antecedents of provictim intervention were investigated. Distress awareness and anticipated guilt and shame for not helping victims positively predicted defender behavior. Practical implications with regard to promoting defender behavior in outsiders are discussed.
The Relationship between Individual Differences in Intraindividual Variability in Core Affect and Interpersonal Behaviour

How people's feelings and interpersonal behaviour change across time can be represented as movements within a core affect and an interpersonal space. To gain insight into the relationship between affect and behaviour dynamics, the present study examined how individual differences in intraindividual variability in core affect relate to those in interpersonal behaviour, and how both are related to personality traits. In an experience sampling study, 63 participants were asked to monitor their core affect during one week and their interpersonal behaviour during another one. The results demonstrated a fairly consistent correspondence between several indices of people's variability in core affect and interpersonal behaviour, indicating that emotional lability also signals behavioural volatility and vice versa. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid Influx and Death of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Lymph Nodes Mediate Depletion in Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are essential innate immune system cells that are lost from the circulation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected individuals associated with CD4+ T cell decline and disease progression. pDC depletion is thought to be caused by migration to tissues or cell death, although few studies have addressed this directly. We used precise methods of enumeration and in vivo labeling with 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine to track recently divided pDC in blood and tissue compartments of monkeys with acute pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. We show that pDC are lost from blood and peripheral lymph nodes within 14 days of infection, despite a normal frequency of pDC in bone marrow. Paradoxically, pDC loss masked a highly dynamic response characterized by rapid pDC mobilization into blood and a 10- to 20-fold increase in recruitment to lymph nodes relative to uninfected animals. Within lymph nodes, pDC had increased levels of apoptosis and necrosis, were uniformly activated, and were infected at frequencies similar to CD4+ T cells. Nevertheless, remaining pDC had essentially normal functional responses to stimulation through Toll-like receptor 7, with half of lymph node pDC producing both TNF-α and IFN-α. These findings reveal that cell migration and death both contribute to pDC depletion in acute SIV infection. We propose that the rapid recruitment of pDC to inflamed lymph nodes in lentivirus infection has a pathologic consequence, bringing cells into close contact with virus, virus-infected cells, and pro-apoptotic factors leading to pDC death.
Social Support at the Workplace, Motivation to Transfer and Training Transfer: A Multilevel Indirect Effects Model

Supervisor support, peer support and transfer motivation have been identified as important predictors of training transfer. Transfer motivation is thought to mediate the support–training transfer relationship. Especially after team training interventions that include all team members (i.e. whole‐team training), individual perception of these factors might be shared among team members. However, an integration of the team level in the training transfer process is rare, yet still needed. Analyzing 194 employees from 34 teams in the context of whole‐team training interventions, we found similar relationships and processes at both levels of analysis: social support enhances transfer motivation at the individual and team levels. Furthermore, motivation to transfer increases training transfer and serves as a connecting mechanism in the social support–training transfer link. The results underline the importance of: (1) considering multiple levels in theories and research about the training transfer process; and (2) ensuring the practice of individual‐directed support and a shared, supportive climate within teams.
The behavior of Ethernet-like computer communications networks

Considering the widespread influence of Ethernet, a surprising amount of confusion exists concerning various important aspects of its design. Our objective in writing this paper is to spare future designers of local area networks the searching and speculation in which we were forced to engage. We begin by describing the policies common to Ethernet-like systems and by using an analytic model to study their behavior. We then precisely describe the mechanisms used in Ethernet itself, exploring its detailed behavior by means of a simulation model. Results from the two models, and particularly from their comparison, provide insight into the nature of low-level protocols in local area broadcast networks.
Interleukin-6, but not the interleukin-6 receptor plays a role in recovery from dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis

Interleukin (IL)-6-deficient, but not IL-6 receptor (IL-6R)-deficient mice present with a delayed skin wound healing phenotype. Since IL-6 solely signals via the IL-6R and glycoprotein 130 (gp130), Il-6r-deficient mice are expected to exhibit a similar phenotype as Il-6-deficient mice. However, p28 (IL-30) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) have been identified as additional low-affinity ligands of the IL-6R/gp130/LIFR complex. IL-6 plays an inflammatory and regenerative role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the present study, we compared Il-6r-deficient mice with mice treated with neutralizing IL-6 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in a model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Our results, in agreement with those of previous reports, demonstrated that IL-6 mAbs slightly attenuated DSS-induced colitis during the regeneration phase. Il-6r-deficient mice and mice with tissue-specific deletion of the Il-6r in the myeloid cell lineage (LysMCre) with acute and chronic DSS-induced colitis were, however, indistinguishable from wild-type mice. Our data suggest that IL-6 and IL-6R have an additional role in colitis, apart from the IL-6/IL-6R classic and trans-signaling.