Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge , Attitude and Practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding among Multigravid Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding provides nutritional, immunologic, developmental and psychological advantages with regard to general health, growth and development of an infant and has dramatically reduced infant deaths in developing countries by reducing diarrhoea and infectious diseases as well reduce HIV transmission from mother to child compared to mix feeding. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of exclusive breastfeeding among multigravid women attending ante natal clinic in Aminu Kano teaching hospital. Method: A cross-section descriptive survey design was used, 250 respondents were selected using cluster sampling technique, the data were collected using a questionnaire and the data was analysed using descriptive statistics of frequency and percentages. Result: The result of this study showed that 68.4% knew the correct definition and duration of exclusive breastfeeding, 47.2% exclusively breastfeeds for the first six (6) months of life, 92% gives colostrum to their babies because they believed it provides nutrition and protection to their babies. The result also showed that there is a positive attitude of mothers toward exclusive breastfeeding as 69.6% of them agreed that breast milk alone is sufficient to the baby during the first six (6) months of life as well as believed that EBF has benefits to both the infants and the mother. Conclusion: It was concluded that there was high level of knowledge on exclusive breastfeeding among the respondents, almost half of the respondents practiced exclusive breastfeeding as recommended and relatively all the respondents have positive attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding. Recommendation: Exclusive breastfeeding counselling during ante natal clinic should be more elaborative with emphasis on its advantages. Women should be taught on how to breastfeed.
The Relationship Between Motor Skill Proficiency and Body Mass Index in Preschool Children

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between motor proficiency and body mass index (BMI) in preschool children. Thirty-eight children ages 4–6 years had their BMI calculated and were assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2; Henderson, Sugden, & Barnett, 2007). These data were analyzed in two ways. The correlation between BMI and MABC-2 percentile ranks was calculated. Next, the groups were subdivided based on BMI status (high, M = 85.5; medium, M = 49.8; low, M = 10.8), and compared using t tests to determine if differences existed in MABC-2 percentile ranks. No significant relationship existed between MABC-2 and BMI percentile ranks (r = -.237). However, significant differences in MABC-2 percentile ranks existed between high and low (p = .042), and high and medium (p = .043) groups. These results suggest that preschool children classified as overweight or obese may have lower motor proficiency than their normal weight and under weight peers. This study indicates there is a direct relationship between motor proficiency and BMI in the preschool population.
MANAGEMENT OF EARNINGS THROUGH THE MANIPULATION OF REAL ACTIVITIES THAT AFFECT CASH FLOW FROM OPERATIONS

Most of the current research on earnings management focuses on the detection of abnormal accruals. The purpose of this study is to detect manipulation of real activities to meet earnings targets. I analyze cash flow from operations (CFO), production costs and discretionary expenses. Using a simple model to determine the normal levels of these variables, I detect abnormally low CFO and abnormally high production costs for companies that report small positive profits at the annual level. The evidence is consistent with firms trying to increase reported annual earnings beyond zero by giving price discounts to boost sales temporarily and by overproduction. I also find evidence suggesting that some of these firms reduce discretionary expenses to report higher margins. Further analysis in the paper yields interesting insights into cross-sectional variation in the nature and extent of real activities management. I am grateful for the guidance and many helpful suggestions I have received from Ross Watts, Jerry Zimmerman and Andy Leone. Ths paper has also benefited from helpful comments and suggestions by Liz Demers, Joanna Wu, Charles Wasley, Jim Brickley, Ludger Hentschel, S.P. Kothari, Joe Weber, Shailendra Pandit , Hema Roychowdhury and Lance Young. All errors in the paper are mine.
Predictors of relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction and sexual frequency in female couples

PREDICTORS OF RELATIONSHIP SATISFACTION, SEXUAL SATISFACTION AND SEXUAL FREQUENCY IN FEMALE COUPLES SEPTEMBER 2003 KATHRYN M. SALISBURY, B.A., ITHACA COLLEGE M.Ed., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Ed.D. , UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Ph D. , UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Janine Roberts This study examined multiple predictors of relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction and sexual frequency among lesbian couples. In addition, the relevance of the study’s findings to theories regarding fusion, sexual infrequency and the primacy of gender role socialization in shaping sexual expression in lesbian couples was explored. A survey research design was used. Eighty-seven couples were recruited through a sample of convenience. Couples were eligible for the study if they were 18 years or older, had been partners for a year or more, and lived together at the time of enrollment. The study employed both descriptive and inferential statistics. Data was gathered using the California Instrument of Family Assessment (CIFA), Spanier’s Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), the Hudson Index of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS), a modified Brief Index of Sexual Functioning for Women (BISF-W), and the Bern Sex Role Inventory-Short Form (BSRI-S). In addition demographic information and information regarding health status was collected on a background information form. Overall, the results of the study support a view of healthy dyadic functioning and sexual functioning in most lesbian couples. High levels of fusion or enmeshment
Uncovering epidemiological dynamics in heterogeneous host populations using phylogenetic methods

Host population structure has a major influence on epidemiological dynamics. However, in particular for sexually transmitted diseases, quantitative data on population contact structure are hard to obtain. Here, we introduce a new method that quantifies host population structure based on phylogenetic trees, which are obtained from pathogen genetic sequence data. Our method is based on a maximum-likelihood framework and uses a multi-type branching process, under which each host is assigned to a type (subpopulation). In a simulation study, we show that our method produces accurate parameter estimates for phylogenetic trees in which each tip is assigned to a type, as well for phylogenetic trees in which the type of the tip is unknown. We apply the method to a Latvian HIV-1 dataset, quantifying the impact of the intravenous drug user epidemic on the heterosexual epidemic (known tip states), and identifying superspreader dynamics within the men-having-sex-with-men epidemic (unknown tip states).
Ontogeny of serum leptin concentrations in the human

Serum leptin concentrations reflect the fat mass of an individual. Fetal growth is rapid and it might be expected that major changes in circulating leptin concentrations in the fetus and neonate take place. We have studied the ontogeny of serum leptin concentrations in cord blood samples obtained by cordocentesis between 14 and 32 weeks of gestation and in samples obtained at term.
The effects of honors ninth-grade students' strategic, analytical reading of persuasive text models on the quality of their persuasive writing

Title of Dissertation: THE EFFECTS OF HONORS NINTH-GRADE STUDENTS’ STRATEGIC, ANALYTICAL READING OF PERSUASIVE TEXT MODELS ON THE QUALITY OF THEIR PERSUASIVE WRITING Jennifer A. Beach, Doctor of Philosophy, 2007 Dissertation directed by: Professor Wayne H. Slater Department of Curriculum and Instruction The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the analysis and imitation of persuasive text models on the persuasive writing quality of ninth-grade honors students. Two intact ninth-grade honors classes participated in an instructional treatment of thirteen lessons designed to teach persuasive writing strategies through explicit instruction and collaborative learning. The experimental group examined, analyzed, and imitated persuasive models as part of the instructional unit. The comparison group studied the same persuasive writing strategies through explicit instruction and collaborative learning, without the analysis of text models as part of their instruction. Both qualitative and quantitative data was collected during the study. Preand posttest persuasive writing samples were compared using two persuasive writing scoring instruments, the NAEP Grade 12 Persuasive Scoring Guide, and a researcherdesigned persuasive trait analytic scale. Additionally, four purposefully selected students from each class were interviewed for the study, and their preand posttest writing samples were examined in conjunction with their interview responses. An analysis of the scores on the preand posttest writing samples revealed that the mean score for each group increased on the holistic scale. The experimental group had a higher mean gain on the holistic scale than the comparison group, but the results were not statistically significant. Of the six persuasive strategies measured by the researcher-designed persuasive trait analytic scale, only the audience awareness category showed significant results. The students’ attitudes toward persuasive writing instruction, as determined by the interviews, were overwhelmingly positive. One surprising finding was that students held misconceptions about the concept of text models and their use in writing instruction. The interviews also revealed that students found explicit instruction in persuasive strategies to be helpful to them as they completed persuasive writing tasks. The findings from the present study indicate that the analysis and imitation of persuasive models has a significant positive impact on students’ ability to appeal to an audience in their writing. The results of this study indicate that more research is needed on the use of writing models as an instructional tool for teaching persuasive writing at the secondary level. THE EFFECTS OF HONORS NINTH-GRADE STUDENTS’ STRATEGIC, ANALYTICAL READING OF PERSUSASIVE TEXT MODELS ON THE QUALITY OF THEIR PERSUASIVE WRITING
Proteolysis of CD14 on Human Gingival Fibroblasts by Arginine-Specific Cysteine Proteinases from Porphyromonas gingivalis Leading to Down-Regulation of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Interleukin-8 Production

ABSTRACT Arginine-specific cysteine proteinases (gingipains-R) from periodontopathic Porphyromonas gingivalis cleaved CD14, a bacterial pattern recognition receptor, on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). Consequently, gingipains-R reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-8 production by HGF, indicating that gingipains-R inhibited CD14-dependent HGF activation and are involved in immune evasion by the bacterium in periodontal tissues.
An ANFIS-Based Air Quality Model for Prediction of SO2 Concentration in Urban Area

This paper presents the results of attempt to perform modeling of SO2 concentration in urban area in vicinity of copper smelter in Bor (Serbia), using ANFIS methodological approach. The aim of obtained model was to develop a prediction tool that will be used to calculate potential SO2 concentration, above prescribed limitation, based on input parameters. As predictors, both technogenic and meteorological input parameters were considered. Accordingly, the dependence of SO2 concentration was modeled as the function of wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, humidity and amount sulfur emitted from the pyrometallurgical process of sulfidic copper concentration treatment.
Medical adherence in young adolescents with spina bifida: longitudinal associations with family functioning.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was 2-fold: (1) to explore the transfer of responsibility of medical tasks from parent to child during the transition to adolescence, and (2) to examine the associations between family functioning and medical adherence in youth with spina bifida. METHODS Seventy families of children with spina bifida participated in this study. Data were collected during family interaction sessions by using questionnaires completed by mothers, fathers, youth, teachers and health professionals. RESULTS Findings suggest that responsibility for medical regimens transfers gradually from parent to child over time. Additionally, family conflict and cohesion were correlated with medical adherence. Finally, family conflict over medical issues was related to a decrease in medical adherence over time. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that as youth take more responsibility over their medical regimens, family conflict regarding medical issues becomes a contributor to their adherence behaviors. Interventions that target family conflict may facilitate adherence behaviors.
Building End-To-End Dialogue Systems Using Generative Hierarchical Neural Network Models

We investigate the task of building open domain, conversational dialogue systems based on large dialogue corpora using generative models. Generative models produce system responses that are autonomously generated word-by-word, opening up the possibility for realistic, flexible interactions. In support of this goal, we extend the recently proposed hierarchical recurrent encoder-decoder neural network to the dialogue domain, and demonstrate that this model is competitive with state-of-the-art neural language models and back-off n-gram models. We investigate the limitations of this and similar approaches, and show how its performance can be improved by bootstrapping the learning from a larger question-answer pair corpus and from pretrained word embeddings.
The Link between Food Ingested and Problem Behavior: Fact or Fallacy?

One prevailing conceptualization of negative behavior is that it can be linked to allergic food reactions. Early historical examinations of food dyes and additives claimed that a link was evident. However, recent research has since shown no connection between food additives and adversive behavior. Past and current research on the effects of foods ingested on hyperactivity and other negative behaviors is examined in this article. Methods for informing the public of the findings are discussed.
Regional Profiling for Determination of Genotype Diversity of Mastitis-Specific Staphylococcus aureus Lineage in Canada by Use of Clumping Factor A, Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis, and spa Typing

ABSTRACT One of the major concerns in global public health and the dairy industry is the emergence of host-specific virulent Staphylococcus aureus strains. The high degree of stability of the species genome renders detection of genetic microvariations difficult. Thus, approaches for the rapid tracking of specialized lineages are urgently needed. We used clumping factor A (clfA) to profile 87 bovine mastitis isolates from four regions in Canada and compared the results to those obtained by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and spa typing. Twenty-five pulsotypes were obtained by PFGE with an index of discrimination of 0.91. These were assigned to six PFGE lineage groups A to F and seven spa types, including two novel ones. Group A had 48.3% of the isolates and group D had 43.7% of the isolates, while only 8% of the isolates were variable. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated that all isolates were sensitive to methicillin and the non-beta-lactam antibiotics, while three isolates were resistant to penicillin and one isolate was resistant to tetracycline. All isolates had the clfA gene and belonged to 20 clfA repeat types with an index of discrimination of 0.90. The dominant clfA types, types X, Q, C, and Z, formed 82% and 43% of PFGE groups A and D, respectively, and had copy numbers that varied only within a narrow range of between 46 and 52 copies, implying clonal selection. The rest were variable and region specific. Furthermore, the dominant groups contained subpopulations in different regions across Canada. Sequence information confirmed the relatedness obtained by the use of clfA repeat copy numbers and other methods and further revealed the occurrence of full-repeat deletions and conserved host-specific codon-triplet position biases at 18-bp units. Thus, concordant with the results of PFGE and spa typing, clfA typing proved useful for revealing the clonal nature of the mastitis isolate lineage and for the rapid profiling of subpopulations with comparable discriminatory powers.
The l global decay to discrete shocks for scalar monotone schemes

Given a family of discrete shocks φ of a monotone scheme, we prove that the discrete shock profile with rational shock speed η is asymptotically stable with respect to the l1 topology ||. ||1: if u0 - φ ∈ l1, then ||un - φnη||1→0 as n→ ∞ under no restriction conditions of the initial data to the interval [inf φ, sup φ]. The asymptotic wave profile is uniquely identified from the above family by a mass parameter.
The global mass function of M 15

Data obtained with the NICMOS instrument on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) have been used to deter- mine the H-band luminosity function (LF) and mass function (MF) of three stellar fields in the globular cluster M 15, located ∼7 � from the cluster centre. The data confirm that the cluster MF has a characteristic mass of ∼0.3 M� , as obtained by Paresce & De Marchi (2000) for a stellar field at 4. 6 from the centre. By combining the present data with those published by other authors for various radial distances (near the centre, at 20 �� and at 4. 6), we have studied the radial variation of the LF due to the effects of mass segregation and derived the global mass function (GMF) using the Michie-King approach. The model that simulta- neously best fits the LF at various locations, the surface brightness profile and the velocity dispersion profile suggest that the GMF should resemble a segmented power-law with the following indices: x � 0.8 for stars more massive than 0.8 M� , x � 0.9 for 0.3−0.8 Mand x �− 2.2 at smaller masses (Salpeter's IMF would have x = 1.35). The best fitting model also suggests that the cluster mass is ∼5.4 × 10 5 Mand that the mass-to-light ratio is on average M/LV � 2.1, with M/LV � 3. 7i n the core. A large amount of mass (∼44%) is found in the cluster core in the form of stellar heavy remnants, which may be sufficient to explain the mass segregation in M 15 without invoking the presence of an intermediate-mass black hole.
Comparative Study on the Performance of Multiparameter SAR Data for Operational Urban Areas Extraction Using Textural Features

The advent of a new generation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellites, such as Advanced SAR/Environmental Satellite (C-band), Phased Array Type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar/Advanced Land Observing Satellite (L-band), and TerraSAR-X (X-band), offers advanced potentials for the detection of urban tissue. In this letter, we analyze and compare the performance of multiple types of SAR images in terms of band frequency, polarization, incidence angle, and spatial resolution for the purpose of operational urban areas delineation. As a reference for comparison, we use a proven method for extracting textural features based on a Gaussian Markov Random Field (GMRF) model. The results of urban areas delineation are quantitatively analyzed allowing performing intrasensor and intersensors comparisons. Sensitivity of the GMRF model with respect to texture window size and to spatial resolutions of SAR images is also investigated. Intrasensor comparison shows that polarization and incidence angle play a significant role in the potential of the GMRF model for the extraction of urban areas from SAR images. Intersensors comparison evidences the better performances of X-band images, acquired at 1-m spatial resolution, when resampled to resolutions of 5 and 10 m.
A dataset for developing and benchmarking active vision

We present a new public dataset with a focus on simulating robotic vision tasks in everyday indoor environments using real imagery. The dataset includes 20,000+ RGB-D images and 50,000+ 2D bounding boxes of object instances densely captured in 9 unique scenes. We train a fast object category detector for instance detection on our data. Using the dataset we show that, although increasingly accurate and fast, the state of the art for object detection is still severely impacted by object scale, occlusion, and viewing direction all of which matter for robotics applications. We next validate the dataset for simulating active vision, and use the dataset to develop and evaluate a deep-network-based system for next best move prediction for object classification using reinforcement learning. Our dataset is available for download at cs.unc. edu/∼ammirato/active_vision_dataset_website/.
Radical dematerialization and degrowth

The emission targets agreed in Paris require a radical reduction of material extraction, use and disposal. The core claim of this article is that a radical dematerialization can only be part and parcel of degrowth. Given that capitalist economies are designed to grow, this raises the question of whether, and under what circumstances, the inevitable ‘degrowth’ can become socially sustainable. Three economic policies are discussed in this direction: work-sharing, green taxes and public money. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Material demand reduction’.
The Changing Pattern of Upper Gastro-Intestinal Lesions in Southern Saudi Arabia: An Endoscopic Study

Background/Aim: Dyspepsia is a common gastrointestinal disorder and is the most common indication for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE). In recent years, it has been observed in several centers that there is a change in the causes of dyspepsia as revealed by UGIE. Our main objectives were: (1) To study the pattern of upper gastrointestinal pathology in patients with dyspepsia undergoing upper endoscopy; (2) Compare that with the pattern seen 10-15 years earlier in different areas of KSA. Patients and Methods: Retrospective study of all UGI endoscopies performed at Aseer Central Hospital, Abha, Southern Saudi Arabia during the years 2005-2007 on patients above 13 years of age. Patients who underwent UGIE for reasons other than dyspepsia were excluded. The analysis was performed using the SPSS 14 statistical package. Results: A total of 1,607 patients underwent UGI endoscopy during the three-year study period (age range, 15-100). There were 907 males (56.4%) and 700 female (43.6%). Normal findings were reported on 215 patients (14%) and the majority had gastritis (676 = 42%), of whom 344 had gastritis with ulcer disease. Moreover, 242 patients (15%) had gastro-esophageal reflux (GERD), with or without esophagitis or hiatus hernia. Also, a total of 243 patients had duodenal ulcer (DU) (15%) while only 12 had gastric ulcer (0.7%). Discussion and Conclusion: There is clear change in the frequency of UGIE lesions detected recently compared to a decade ago with an increasing prevalence of reflux esophagitis and hiatus hernia. This could be attributed to changes in lifestyle and dietary habits such as more consumption of fat and fast food, increased prevalence of obesity, and smoking. These problems should be addressed in order to minimize the serious complications of esophageal diseases.