Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relation between sexual abuse in childhood and adult depression: case-control study

Abstract Objective: To examine the association between sexual abuse in childhood and adult depression in women. Design: Two stage, case detection and case identification design, using the 30-item general health questionnaire and the Beck depression inventory for screening and the affective items relating to current functioning on the schizophrenia and affective disorders schedule to identify depressed cases. Details of sexual abuse in childhood were elicited retrospectively by semistructured interview, and social problems by the social problems questionnaire. Setting: Three general practices, in middle class suburban, deprived inner city, and rural areas. Subjects: 1189 women were screened and 237 subsequently interviewed; 132 were depressed. Results: 49 (37%) of the depressed interviewees and 24 (23%) of the non-depressed interviewees reported experience of sexual abuse when they were aged under 16 years. A positive association existed between the more severe abuse and depression-all those who had experienced penetration were depressed as adults. A relation was also found between sexual abuse in childhood and sexual problems, housing problems, and problems with their children at school. Conclusion: A positive association between child sexual abuse and depression was confirmed, but this was confined to more severe abuse (penetration or attempted penetration). Key messages Most researchers agree that a significant association exists between childhood sexual abuse and increased psychopathology as an adult The relation between sexual abuse in childhood and adult depression, however, has been unclear This study shows a positive association between severe sexual abuse (penetration or attempted penetration) in childhood and depression in adult life Women who had experienced more minor sexual abuse in childhood, however, were no more likely to be depressed than those with no history of sexual abuse
The effects of a growth mindset on self-efficacy and motivation

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a growth mindset intervention would improve adolescent special education students’ self-efficacy and motivation. The sample included sixth, seventh, and eighth grade students receiving learning disability services in the area of reading. The study was quasi-experimental in design which included both a comparison group and a treatment group. The treatment group received a growth mindset intervention called Brainology. The Reader Self-Perception Scale 2nd Edition and the Motivation for Reading Questionnaire were used to measure whether there were differences in the mean scores for self-efficacy and motivation in reading. Results suggested that a growth mindset intervention had a significant difference in the motivation, but not self-efficacy, of adolescent special education participants.
Vocabulary Acquisition through Self-Regulated Learning on Speaking and Writing Development

Despite the crucial role of vocabulary in foreign language acquisition, little is known about its influence on speaking and writing development from self-regulated learning concept. Thus, by employing a path analysis, this study examines the influence of vocabulary acquisition through self-regulated learning on beginner (N = 215) and intermediate (N = 195) students’ speaking and writing development at Walailak University, Thailand. The findings suggest significant paths from vocabulary acquisition to students’ speaking and writing development, but noting the influence of proficiency level. These findings contribute to the development of research in vocabulary acquisition and self-regulated learning with regards to speaking and writing development.
Labor income risk and asset returns

This paper shows, from the consumer’s budget constraint, that expected future labor income growth rates and the residuals of the cointegration relation among log consumption, log asset wealth and log current labor income (summarized by the variable cay of Lettau and Ludvigson (2001a)), should help predict U.S. quarterly stock market returns and explain the cross-section of average returns. I …nd that a) ‡uctuations in expected future labor income are a strong predictor of both real stock returns and excess returns over a Treasury bill rate, b) when this variable is used as conditioning information for the Consumption Capital Asset Pricing Model (CCAPM), the resulting linear factor model explains four …fth of the variation in observed average returns across the Fama and French (25) portfolios and prices correctly the small growth portfolio. The paper also …nds that about one third of the variance of returns is predictable, over a horizon of one year, using expected future labor income growth rates and cay jointly as forecasting variables.
O A ] 1 6 N ov 2 00 5 Cuntz-Pimsner C ∗-algebras associated with subshifts

By using C∗-correspondences and Cuntz-Pimsner algebras, we associate to every subshift (also called a shift space) X a C∗-algebra OX, which is a generalization of the Cuntz-Krieger algebras. We show that OX is the universal C ∗-algebra generated by partial isometries satisfying relations given by X. We also show that OX is a one-sided conjugacy invariant of X.
Neural pathways for bilateral vocal control in songbirds

Ipsilateral and contralateral projections of nucleus robustus archistriatalis (RA), a telencephalic vocal premotor nucleus, to respiratory‐vocal nuclei in the brainstem were defined in adult male Wasserschlager canaries, grey catbirds, and zebra finches, three songbird species that appear to differ in the degree of lateralized syringeal dominance. In all three species, ipsilateral projections of RA to the medulla included the tracheosyringeal part of the hypoglossal nucleus (XIIts), that innervates the syrinx, the bird's vocal organ, the suprahypoglossal area (SH), and two respiratory‐related nuclei, retroambigualis (RAm) and parambigualis (PAm; Reinke and Wild [ 1998 ] J Comp Neurol 391:147–163). Projections of RA to the contralateral XIIts, SH and RAm, were substantial in canaries, which use the left side of the syrinx predominantly during singing; less pronounced in catbirds, which have no lateral dominance for song control; and least pronounced in zebra finches, in which there is a right‐sided dominance for song control. There were no obvious differences in the number of crossed projections in birds injected in the left or right RA. Local sources of inputs to XIIts and RAm were defined anatomically in zebra finches and canaries. RAm, including neurons in close proximity to XIIts, was found to project to XIIts and the suprahypoglossal area bilaterally but predominantly ipsilaterally. RAm also had reciprocal connections with its contralateral homologue. These results suggest a pattern of connections between premotor and motor respiratory‐vocal nuclei that may be involved in bilateral control of vocal output at medullary levels, a control that involves a high degree of coordination between vocal and respiratory structures on both sides of the body. J. Comp. Neurol. 423:413–426, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Numerically Stable Direct Least Squares Fitting of Ellipses

This paper presents a numerically stable non-iterative algorithm for fitting an ellipse to a set of data points. The approach is based on a least squares minimization and it guarantees an ellipse-specific solution even for scattered or noisy data. The optimal solution is computed directly, no iterations are required. This leads to a simple, stable and robust fitting method which can be easily implemented. The proposed algorithm has no computational ambiguity and it is able to fit more than 100,000 points in a second.
In Reply to: Comments on Behavior of Healthcare Workers After Injuries From Sharp Instruments

Dear Editor, After the publication of our previous study (1), Alavian submitted a letter which emphasized the importance of postinjury follow-ups (2). Consistent with our previous reports, Alavian has noticed that health care workers are at higher risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, through the contact with blood and infected fluids following injuries caused by sharp instruments. In addition to our finding, around 90% of cases enrolled in the study had received hepatitis B vaccination; Alavian enquired why the authors did not present any data regarding the post-vaccination titer of anti-HBs antibody of the enrolled subjects. Though it is important to determine the post-vaccination anti-HBs antibody level (as an important determinant of transmission risk), we did not address this issue in our study and it may be considered as a limitation of our study. Alavian has also referred to another finding in our study that 38.3% of the enrolled subjects had a history of injury from needles and sharp instruments in the last six months. Then, he mentioned higher rates of sharp instrument injuries reported in the literature. Although this is true, the rates of sharp instrument injuries vary among healthcare workers in different countries. For instance, the incidence of sharp instrument injuries varies from 31.4% in Germany to 79% in India (1, 3, 4). Such differences may be related to many factors such as the knowledge and approaches of healthcare works toward this issue, their workloads, and also the performance of the supportive and supervisory systems in establishing and executing the protocols used for prevention of these dangerous injuries. Such differences may also be observed in different healthcare settings. For example in a study by Shokuhi et al. the highest prevalence of sharp instrument injuries was reported among medical residents (5), while in a report published by the world health organization, the highest number of injury per healthcare worker each year was among nurses (6). However, sharp instrument injury reports are underestimated, because of the different reasons such as recall bias, response rate and low rate of reporting (1). We agree with Alavian that it is necessary to educate healthcare workers especially nurses and midwives, because most sharp instrument injuries occurred among this group. However, it seems that some regulatory mandates are needed to be implemented for the prevention of sharp instrument injuries, because as the recent study showed, nurses do not follow the precautions for preventing needlestick injuries unless such regulatory rules and regulations are implemented (7).
Error Models and Quality Control Performance

As an alternative to the oversimplified error schemes currently adopted in establishing quality control (QC) strategies, a complex model was assumed implying (a) the distribution of errors (critical error is regarded as a value discriminating between "effective errors" to be detected and "subcritical errors" which do not interfere with the medical decision whose detection is considered as a false-reject signal), and (b) the possibility of simultaneous losses of precision and accuracy. The control data recorded for digoxin radioimmunoassay over a one-year period were used for (1) deriving the probability density functions of random and systematic errors, through a within-run across-level normalisation procedure; (2) obtaining the functional relationships between the critical random or systematic error and the QC performance statistics (sensitivity, specificity, predictive value), weighted for the error prevalences, through integration of the probability density functions and the power functions associated with an exemplifying control rule; and (3) describing the functions which correlate the corrected performance statistics with the allowable error (whose individual values account for all possible combinations of critical random errors and critical systematic errors), by extending to the tridimensional space the above procedures. Analysis of the resulting data shows that it is necessary to revise the criteria for the choice and optimisation of QC schemes.
IOTA observation of the circumstellar envelope of R CrB

We report the first long-baseline interferometric observations of R CrB. The observations were carried out at the Infrared Optical Telescope Array (IOTA), using our new JHK beam combiner which enables us to record fringes simultaneously in the J-, H-, and K-bands. The circumstellar envelope of R CrB is resolved at a baseline of 21 m, and the K-band visibility is derived to be 0.61 ± 0.03 along a position angle of about 170 degrees. The visibility obtained with IOTA, as well as speckle visibilities with baselines up to 6 m and the spectral energy distribution (SED), are fitted with 2-component models consisting of the central star and an optically thin dust shell. The K-band visibilities predicted by the models are about 10% smaller than the visibility obtained with IOTA. However, given the simplifications adopted in our models and the complex nature of the object, this can be regarded as rough agreement. As a hypothesis to explain the small discrepancy, we propose that there might be a group of newly formed dust clouds, which might appear as a third visibility component.
Müller Glia Activation in Response to Inherited Retinal Degeneration Is Highly Varied and Disease-Specific

Despite different aetiologies, most inherited retinal disorders culminate in photoreceptor loss, which induces concomitant changes in the neural retina, one of the most striking being reactive gliosis by Müller cells. It is typically assumed that photoreceptor loss leads to an upregulation of glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) and other intermediate filament proteins, together with other gliosis-related changes, including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans. However, this is based on a mix of both injury-induced and genetic causes of photoreceptor loss. There are very few longitudinal studies of gliosis in the retina and none comparing these changes across models over time. Here, we present a comprehensive spatiotemporal assessment of features of gliosis in the degenerating murine retina that involves Müller glia. Specifically, we assessed Gfap, vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) levels and outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity over time in four murine models of inherited photoreceptor degeneration that encompass a range of disease severities (Crb1rd8/rd8, Prph2+/Δ307, Rho-/-, Pde6brd1/rd1). These features underwent very different changes, depending upon the disease-causing mutation, and that these changes are not correlated with disease severity. Intermediate filament expression did indeed increase with disease progression in Crb1rd8/rd8 and Prph2+/Δ307, but decreased in the Prph2+/Δ307 and Pde6brd1/rd1 models. CSPG deposition usually, but not always, followed the trends in intermediate filament expression. The OLM adherens junctions underwent significant remodelling in all models, but with differences in the composition of the resulting junctions; in Rho-/- mice, the adherens junctions maintained the typical rod-Müller glia interactions, while in the Pde6brd1/rd1 model they formed predominantly between Müller cells in late stage of degeneration. Together, these results show that gliosis and its associated processes are variable and disease-dependent.
FLICE/caspase-8 activation triggers anoikis induced by β1-integrin blockade in human keratinocytes

β1-integrin protects keratinocyte stem cells (KSC) from cell-detachment apoptosis (`anoikis'). Here we show that caspase-8 active protein is detected in both young transit amplifying (TA) cells and TA cells, but not in KSC. On suspension, caspases are activated earlier in young TA than in KSC, whereas anti-β1-integrin neutralizing antibody accelerates caspase activation in both KSC and young TA. Caspases 8 and 10 are the first caspases to be activated whereas caspase-8 inhibitor zIETD-fmk delays the activation of Bid, caspase-9 and caspase-3. However, the caspase-9 inhibitor zLEDH-fmk does not block the activation of caspase-8, Bid, caspase-10 and caspase-3. Moreover, caspase-8, but not caspase-9 inhibitor partially prevents keratinocyte anoikis. As FLIP inhibits caspase-8 processing, we retrovirally infected HaCaT keratinocytes with c-FLIPL. Anti-β1-integrin fails to activate caspase-8, Bid, caspase-9 and to induce the release of cytochrome c in c-FLIPL overexpressing keratinocytes. Finally, overexpression of c-FLIPL partially prevents anoikis in both suspended and anti-β1 integrin-treated cells. Taken together, these results indicate that the extrinsic apoptotic pathway triggered by caspase-8 predominates in keratinocyte anoikis. However, the release of cytochrome c and the later activation of caspase-9 seem to suggest that the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway may intervene as a positive feedback loop of caspase activation.
The gender division of housework after the first child: a comparison among Bulgaria, France and the Netherlands

ABSTRACT In our study, we adopt a comparative-longitudinal perspective on the gender division of housework before and after the birth of the first child, exploiting the first two waves of the Gender and Generation Survey and comparing three countries belonging to different gender and welfare regimes (i.e. Bulgaria, France and the Netherlands). We find that childrearing everywhere triggers a re-traditionalisation, generating a more inegalitarian gender division of housework, yet with interesting differences across countries. Fixed-effect regression analyses of the pooled data show that changes when becoming parents are less pronounced in France with respect to Bulgaria and the Netherlands, more pronounced when she is low-educated. Moreover, when countries are analysed separately, it emerges that it is only in the Netherlands that traditionalisation around first childbirth is significantly lower in couples where the woman is middle- and high-educated compared to those where she is low-educated. Economic, cultural and institutional contexts do matter. Traditionalisation and within-couples polarisation is weaker in contexts where non-traditional attitudes are widespread, social policies are more defamilialising and more explicitly addressed also to men, and where part-time is not the main reconciliation strategy, as in France.
Retail formations: tracing the fluid forms of an online retailer

ABSTRACT Change has often been said to characterise retailing, and research on retail change is extensive. However, though much of that research has focused on retail formats, it has not sufficiently addressed the fluid nature of retailing and how its formats emerge. This paper offers a more dynamic conceptualisation of retail format change by introducing the concept of retail formation. Taking a constructivist market studies approach and drawing upon an ethnographic study of a Swedish consumer electronics retailer, the paper shows how retail formations are continually being made in a dynamic process that can be initiated by various actors, does not necessarily follow a logical order, and commonly produces unexpected results. The concept of retail formation allows us to better understand the increasing fluidity of retailing enabling us to trace complex market processes, examine multiple actors simultaneously, and taking into account the socio-historical and socio-cultural dynamics involved in shaping retail markets.
Cross-Modal Similarity Learning: A Low Rank Bilinear Formulation

The cross-media retrieval problem has received much attention in recent years due to the rapid increasing of multimedia data on the Internet. A new approach to the problem has been raised which intends to match features of different modalities directly. In this research, there are two critical issues: how to get rid of the heterogeneity between different modalities and how to match the cross-modal features of different dimensions. Recently metric learning methods show a good capability in learning a distance metric to explore the relationship between data points. However, the traditional metric learning algorithms only focus on single-modal features, which suffer difficulties in addressing the cross-modal features of different dimensions. In this paper, we propose a cross-modal similarity learning algorithm for the cross-modal feature matching. The proposed method takes a bilinear formulation, and with the nuclear-norm penalization, it achieves low-rank representation. Accordingly, the accelerated proximal gradient algorithm is successfully imported to find the optimal solution with a fast convergence rate O(1/t2). Experiments on three well known image-text cross-media retrieval databases show that the proposed method achieves the best performance compared to the state-of-the-art algorithms.
Values, Motivations, and Intentions to Engage in Proenvironmental Behavior

Knowledge of the relationships among psychological constructs such as values and motivations that influence proenvironmental behavior provides public land management agencies with guidance on how to minimize stakeholder impacts on the environment. A rich body of research has demonstrated that values form a tripartite structure underlying environmental concern, encompassing biospheric, egoistic, and altruistic values; however, recent work has suggested hedonic values are also an instrumental basis for environmental concern. Few studies have tested this proposition. We contend that hedonic values are instrumental in explaining the psychological processes that gird individual decisions, particularly in nature-based settings where stakeholder decisions are compelled by leisure pursuits. Our results indicate that place-based motivations, particularly escape from the pressures of everyday life, can help close the prominent value–action gap and explain why outdoor recreationists engage in minimum-impact activities specified in the U.S. Leave No Trace educational outreach program.
Management of keloids and hypertrophic scars: current and emerging options

In the context of growing aesthetic awareness, a rising number of patients feel disappointed with their scars and are frequently seeking help for functional and aesthetic improvement. However, excessive scarring following surgery or trauma remains difficult to improve despite a plethora of advocated treatment strategies as frequently observed in daily clinical routine. It is thus still preferable to prevent scarring by minimizing risk factors as much as possible. Hence, it remains crucial for the physician to be aware of basic knowledge of healing mechanisms and skin anatomy, as well as an appreciation of suture material and wound closure techniques to minimize the risk of postoperative scarring. Next to existing, well known prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for the improvement of excessive scarring, this article discusses emerging techniques such as intralesional cryotherapy, intralesional 5-fluorouracil, interferon, and bleomycin. Some of them have been successfully tested in well-designed trials and already have extended or may extend the current spectrum of excessive scar treatment in the near future. Innovative options such as imiquimod 5% cream, photodynamic therapy, or botulinum toxin A may also be of certain importance; however, the data currently available is too contradictory for definite recommendations.