Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Residents' perceptions of their teachers: facilitative behaviour and the learning value of rotations

Summary. Despite changes in modern medicine the role of the clinical teacher remains central to medical residents' education and rotations continue to be their dominant educational context. Residents have strong positive feelings for clinical teachers who are perceived as interested in teaching and for those rotations that provide a balance of educational opportunities and patient care responsibilities. Research in residency education has focused on teacher behaviours used to teach medical residents clinical information or patient care skills but has neglected teacher behaviours used to facilitate effective learning relationships with residents. To explore the impact of clinical teachers' use of facilitative behaviours on residents' educational experience, we use concepts stemming from the psychologist Carl Rogers' work previously shown to be associated with positive learning outcomes — empathy, unconditional positive regard, and congruence. These constructs are measured by the use of the four scales of the Barrett‐Lennard Relationship Inventory (BLRI) — level of regard, unconditionality of regard, congruence and empathy. Our study measures the correlation between residents' perceptions of clinical teachers' use of facilitative behaviours and residents' evaluation of the learning value of rotations. Thirty‐three residents completed the BLRI on a different clinical teacher for each of six monthly rotations. A total of 158 surveys were returned. There were strong positive correlations between three of the BLRI variables and residents' perception of the learning value of rotations. Potential uses of these findings are discussed.
The Private Provision of Public Goods: Corporate Commitments and the United Nations Global Compact

We examine the commitments of transnational corporations to human rights, labor, environmental, and anti-corruption standards. Modeling commitment as a function of the nature of the firm's business activities and conditioned by neighborhood and audience contexts, we investigate adherence to the principles entailed in the UN Global Compact program by the world's 2000 largest companies. Our results suggest that the decisions to participate in and to take steps to comply with the Global Compact are influenced by the characteristics of the firm as it adapts to its institutional and political environment. Signing up to the program increases the likelihood of firms developing human rights-related company policies and receiving positive external assessments of their performance.
View-Based Organization and Interplay of Spatial Working and Long-Term Memories

Space perception provides egocentric, oriented views of the environment from which working and long-term memories are constructed. “Allocentric” (i.e. position-independent) long-term memories may be organized as graphs of recognized places or views but the interaction of such cognitive graphs with egocentric working memories is unclear. Here we present a simple coherent model of view-based working and long-term memories, together with supporting evidence from behavioral experiments. The model predicts that within a given place, memories for some views may be more salient than others, that imagery of a target square should depend on the location where the recall takes place, and that recall favors views of the target square that would be obtained when approaching it from the current recall location. In two separate experiments in an outdoor urban environment, pedestrians were approached at various interview locations and asked to draw sketch maps of one of two well-known squares. Orientations of the sketch map productions depended significantly on distance and direction of the interview location from the target square, i.e. different views were recalled at different locations. Further analysis showed that location-dependent recall is related to the respective approach direction when imagining a walk from the interview location to the target square. The results are consistent with a view-based model of spatial long-term and working memories and their interplay.
Health Behaviour and Self-reported Academic Performance among University Students: An International Study

The aim of this study was to investigate health correlates of academic performance among university students from 26 low and middle income and emerging economy countries. Using anonymous questionnaires, data were collected from 20222 university students, 41.5% men and 58.5% women, with a mean age of 20.8 years (SD=2.8), from 26 countries across Africa, Asia and Americas. Overall, 28.4% reported excellent or very good, 65.5% good or satisfactory and 6.2% not satisfactory academic performance. Multivariate linear regression found that that sociodemographic factors (younger age, coming from a wealthier family background, lack of social support and high intrinsic religiosity), health behaviours (trying to eat fibre, avoiding fat and cholesterol, high levels of physical activity, no illicit drug use, not drinking and driving), and better mental health (no severe sleep problem and no moderate or severe depression) were associated self-reported academic performance. Several clustering health behaviours were identified which can be utilized in public health interventions. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014. v5n27p998
SIMILARITY ANALYSIS FOR NATURAL CONVECTION FROM A VERTICAL PLATE WITH DISTRIBUTED WALL CONCENTRATION

Steady laminar natural convection flow over a semi-infinite vertical plate is examined in this paper. It is assumed that the concentration of a species along the plate follows some algebraic law with respect to chemical reaction. Similarity solutions may then be obtained for different orders of reaction. The fundamental parameters of this problem are the Schmidt number, Sc, and reaction order, n. Numerical results, based on the fourth order Runge-Kutta method, for Schmidt number ranging from 0. 0t o 100.0 and reaction order from 0. 0t o 1.5 are presented. When chemical reaction occurs, diffusion and velocity domains are seen to expand out from the plate. For large values of n, one may expect a smaller diffusion layer which, at fixed Schmidt number, is associated with increased velocity and reduced convection-layer.
‘Social Sharedness’ as a Unifying Theme for Information Processing in Groups

Although much of the research on small groups in social psychology has emphasized cognitive, information-processing tasks (decision-making and problem solving), only recently have groups been conceptualized as information-processing systems. Partially due to this new conceptualization, group research is on the rise, yet much of this research is discipline specific. Few attempts have been made to integrate this research to provide common themes or frameworks across disciplinary boundaries. We propose that one potential unifying theme underlying much of the recent research on groups is ‘social sharedness’: the degree to which cognitions, preferences, identities, etc. are shared and are being shared within groups. Through a targeted review of the literature, we attempt to demonstrate that social sharedness is central to understanding group decision-making, provides a tie between past and current group research, and can serve a unifying function for future endeavors.
The Relationship Between Training Status and Intensity on Muscle Activation and Relative Submaximal Lifting Capacity During the Back Squat

The purpose of this study was to compare the relative activation of the vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM) muscles among subjects of different training statuses during the completion of a single set of the back squat performed until failure (SSTF) at an intensity of 85% of the 1 repetition maximum (1RM). Nine trained (TR) and 7 untrained (UT) subjects performed 2 1RM tests followed by an SSTF at 85% of the 1RM on 3 separate days. Activation of VL and VM was recorded using surface electrodes during both the 1RM and SSTF. The data were digitally filtered, rectified, and integrated (IEMG) for the 1RM and each repetition of the SSTF. The SSTF 1EMGs were expressed as a percentage of 1RM IEMG (%1RM IEMG) for the first repetition, as well as 40, 60, 80, and 100% of the repetitions completed in the SSTF. The TR was significantly stronger than UT in 1RM back squat strength. The TR and UT exhibited similar VL activation. The TR had significantly greater activation for VM than UT. The combined activation (COMB) of these 2 muscles revealed significantly greater muscle activation by TR than UT. The TR used a significantly greater %1RM IEMG at 40, 80, and 100% of completed repetitions for VL. The %1RM IEMG for TR was also significantly greater at 80 and 100% of the completed repetitions for VM. The COMB %1RM IEMG for TR was significantly greater than that of UT at 80 and 100% of completed reps. The TR completed significantly more repetitions (9.67 ± 0.91 repetitions) than UT (7.14 ± 0.74 repetitions) in the SSTF. The results indicate that TR can utilize a greater %1RM IEMG. This may contribute to an increase in relative submaximal lifting capacity and invalidate the method of defining training intensity utilizing a percentage of the 1RM for a specific number of repetitions.
CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF CITIZEN ADOPTION OF E-GOVERNMENT

The primary objective of most e-governments is to better serve citizens, however, very little has been written on citizens’ likelihood to use e-government. This paper presents the citizens aspect of egovernment. The objective is to understand how citizens perceive e-government as a primary government interaction channel and the factors that affect their level of usage. The proposed conceptual model of citizen adoption of e-government integrates constructs from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) [1], trust and risk literature. The paper differentiates between citizen’s intention to get government information and citizen’s intention to conduct government transactions on e-government website. The model will assist governments in increasing citizens’ adoption of their online services. In addition, it will fill the gap in the literature by providing a unique model of citizens’ e-government adoption especially considering trust and risk issues.
Economic and Social Factors in Mate Selection: An Ethnographic Analysis of an Agricultural Community.

In an ethnographic investigation of mate choice formation, proximal, distal, and historical factors are incorporated into a single research design. The impact of a variety of causalfactors-economic, social, familial, and dyadic-on ethnoreligious marriages over 50 years in an Illinois agricultural community is examined. Data are derived from archival records, a survey of 70farm households, and intensive interviews and participant observation with a subsample of eight families. A farm community, because of its clear boundaries and an easily identifiable population, provides an ideal microcosm for studying the complex interplay of multiple influences on marital decision making. Studying mate choice in this setting brings into sharp relief the significance of contextual variables, such as the economy and the social composition of a community, which heretofore may have been underestimated in studies focused on homogeneous college-student populations.
The Etiologies of Low Back Pain in Patients With Lumbar Disk Herniation

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a common complaint in population that lowers the quality of life. The main etiology of LBP is recognized in about 20% of patients while it is attributed to lumbar disk herniation (LDH) in 80% of cases and causes some unnecessary lumbar surgeries without realizing the definite cause. Objectives: This study was planned to evaluate the etiologies of LBP in patients who had LDH to clarify whether the disc herniation is the main cause of patients` pain or other diseases were responsible for this kind of pain. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed the medical profiles of the patients with proven LDH in a private clinic in Mashhad City, Iran, between 2005 and 2012, for demographic and the etiologies of LBP with clinical and paraclinical studies. We also calculated the incidence of each etiology by SPSS 13. Results: In our study, among 1250 patients with proven LDH by MRI, 500 patients (40%) had chronic LBP and the most common causes of LBP were heavy constant working (40.2%), osteoporosis (35.6%), and sacroiliac joint pain (34.6%), consecutively. Interestingly, LDH had the ninth rank among the common cause of LBP. Conclusions: In this study, we found that in spite of previous beliefs, discopathies were not common etiologies of LBP. Thus, even in patients with proven LDH by imaging studies, the physician should perform a thorough evaluation for other causes of LBP to avoid unnecessary lumbar surgeries.
Geocoding Large Population‐level Administrative Datasets at Highly Resolved Spatial Scales

Using geographic information systems to link administrative databases with demographic, social, and environmental data allows researchers to use spatial approaches to explore relationships between exposures and health. Traditionally, spatial analysis in public health has focused on the county, ZIP code, or tract level because of limitations to geocoding at highly resolved scales. Using 2005 birth and death data from North Carolina, we examine our ability to geocode population‐level datasets at three spatial resolutions – zip code, street, and parcel. We achieve high geocoding rates at all three resolutions, with statewide street geocoding rates of 88.0% for births and 93.2% for deaths. We observe differences in geocoding rates across demographics and health outcomes, with lower geocoding rates in disadvantaged populations and the most dramatic differences occurring across the urban‐rural spectrum. Our results suggest that highly resolved spatial data architectures for population‐level datasets are viable through geocoding individual street addresses. We recommend routinely geocoding administrative datasets to the highest spatial resolution feasible, allowing public health researchers to choose the spatial resolution used in analysis based on an understanding of the spatial dimensions of the health outcomes and exposures being investigated. Such research, however, must acknowledge how disparate geocoding success across subpopulations may affect findings.
The feel of experience: phenomenological ideas for organizational research

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to look at how phenomenology can be used to explore the meaning and experience of organizational life. It argues that phenomenology provides more than just themes or leitmotifs for post hoc analysis of narrative data; in its basic formulation, phenomenology is a way of thinking – a method – which illuminates the embodied, subjective and inter-subjective qualities of the life-world. Design/methodology/approach – The paper follows Husserl's command to “go back to the things themselves” to access raw experience, asking ourselves, “what does experience mean phenomenologically? ” We draw on the work of Merleau-Ponty to “flesh out” the embodied aspects of that phenomenological experience, outlining how the idea of a “field of presence” grounds our reflections in the here-and-now and gives our selfhood its coherence. Findings – The paper presents data on the diverse meanings of “experience” to suggest that phenomenological and organizational understandings can be differentia.
The Influence of Social Normative and Informational Feedback on Musically Induced Emotions in an Online Music Listening Setting

This study investigates whether the emotional effects of music can be manipulated by social influence in an online music listening setting. More than 5000 participants listened to five randomly chosen music excerpts (of a total of 23 excerpts) and, after each one, rated induced emotions along arousal and valence dimensions. By providing different labels for the same information about the emotional effects of music, we were able to compare social influence with nonsocial informational influence. Accordingly, participants were confronted with four different rating conditions. In contrast to a control group (without feedback), two groups received feedback allegedly based on the ratings of preceding participants (social feedback), and one group received feedback allegedly based on a computational analysis of the excerpts (informational feedback). Instead of using real feedback from previous participants or computations, the feedback was manipulated, in that the upper or lower quartiles of a pretest rating were presented to the participants. Confirming predictions, results show that the manipulated feedback significantly influenced participants’ ratings in groups with social feedback. Additionally, social feedback was more influential than informational, indicating that conformity might have been also based on a social and normative basis. We conclude that emotional effects of music might be socially influenced owing to normative and informational motivations to conform.
Face recognition based on image sets

We introduce a novel method for face recognition from image sets. In our setting each test and training example is a set of images of an individual's face, not just a single image, so recognition decisions need to be based on comparisons of image sets. Methods for this have two main aspects: the models used to represent the individual image sets; and the similarity metric used to compare the models. Here, we represent images as points in a linear or affine feature space and characterize each image set by a convex geometric region (the affine or convex hull) spanned by its feature points. Set dissimilarity is measured by geometric distances (distances of closest approach) between convex models. To reduce the influence of outliers we use robust methods to discard input points that are far from the fitted model. The kernel trick allows the approach to be extended to implicit feature mappings, thus handling complex and nonlinear manifolds of face images. Experiments on two public face datasets show that our proposed methods outperform a number of existing state-of-the-art ones.
Experiences integrating requirements engineering and business analysis. An empirical study of operations and management system procurement projects

This paper presents a study that has been done in the area of business analysis (BA) in support of requirements engineering (RE). It is argued that the competitive nature of software procurement poses problems to the integration of BA and RE. To investigate this claim, eight procurement and development projects in which BA has been used are studied. The collected data are analyzed using a set of indicators for achieved integration level. The study shows that the projects encountered the proposed difficulties. This is most apparent in projects involving customers formulating requests for proposals (RFPs). To alleviate the integration problems, new approaches to system procurement in which customer organizations and vendors cooperate more closely seem necessary.
The Effects of Social Networks on Group Moral Reasoning in the Royal Netherlands Army

This article discusses the impact of social networks on moral reasoning. Recent models of ethical behaviour have focussed on the characteristics of individuals, issues and organisations. In line with Brass Butterfield and Skaggs (1998) this study argues that these perspectives fail to incorporate an important angle, namely the relationship between involved actors. Using social network analysis on operational military groups (N = 15), this study investigates the influence of relationship density and relationship power on moral reasoning. Also the study examines whether these relationship structures are influenced by group development. Findings show that the social network properties influence moral reasoning by creating a similarity within groups. No support was found for the influence of informal leaders or of group development. The implications of these findings are discussed for further research on moral reasoning, social networks and group leadership
Overlapping DNA Methylation Dynamics in Mouse Intestinal Cell Differentiation and Early Stages of Malignant Progression

Mouse models of intestinal crypt cell differentiation and tumorigenesis have been used to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying both processes. DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mark and plays an important role in cell identity and differentiation programs and cancer. To get insights into the dynamics of cell differentiation and malignant transformation we have compared the DNA methylation profiles along the mouse small intestine crypt and early stages of tumorigenesis. Genome-scale analysis of DNA methylation together with microarray gene expression have been applied to compare intestinal crypt stem cells (EphB2high), differentiated cells (EphB2negative), ApcMin/+ adenomas and the corresponding non-tumor adjacent tissue, together with small and large intestine samples and the colon cancer cell line CT26. Compared with late stages, small intestine crypt differentiation and early stages of tumorigenesis display few and relatively small changes in DNA methylation. Hypermethylated loci are largely shared by the two processes and affect the proximities of promoter and enhancer regions, with enrichment in genes associated with the intestinal stem cell signature and the PRC2 complex. The hypermethylation is progressive, with minute levels in differentiated cells, as compared with intestinal stem cells, and reaching full methylation in advanced stages. Hypomethylation shows different signatures in differentiation and cancer and is already present in the non-tumor tissue adjacent to the adenomas in ApcMin/+ mice, but at lower levels than advanced cancers. This study provides a reference framework to decipher the mechanisms driving mouse intestinal tumorigenesis and also the human counterpart.
Prevention of tracheal aspiration using the pressure‐limited tracheal tube cuff

A new design of tracheal tube cuff, the pressure‐limited cuff, used with a constant‐pressure inflation system, was compared with a high‐volume low‐pressure cuffed tracheal tube for leakage of dye placed in the subglottic space into the trachea. Patients requiring ventilation on the intensive care unit were randomly allocated into two groups, one for each type of cuff, and blue food dye was instilled daily via a fine catheter above the cuff into the subglottic space. There were eight patients in the high‐volume low‐pressure group and seven in the pressure‐limited cuff group. Dye leaked into the trachea in seven (87%) of the high‐volume low‐pressure group compared with none (0%) of the pressure‐limited cuff group (p < 0.01). This study demonstrates that the pressure‐limited cuffed tracheal tube, in combination with a constant‐pressure inflation device, prevents leakage of fluid into the lungs that occurs with high‐volume low‐pressure cuffs in the critically ill, intubated patient.