Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelos e metodologias para estimação dos efeitos genéticos fixos em uma população multirracial Angus x Nelore

The objectives of this study were to estimate the fixed genetic effects acting on a synthetic population, as well as test different models and methodologies in this estimation process. The tested fixed genetic effects were the direct and maternal breed additive and direct and maternal heterosis, epistatic loss and complementarity non-additive effects The tested models include alternate and together all these effects. The ridge regression and least square regression methodologies were compared and were also compared two different methods for determining the ridge parameter to use in the ridge regression. A synthetic beef cattle population, involving Angus and Nellore in several breed combinations was used. 294,045 records at weaning and 148,443 records at yearling were used. The traits of weight gain from birth to weaning (WG), phenotypic scores of conformation (WC), precocity (WP) and muscling (WM) collected at weaning, weight gain from weaning to yearling (PG), phenotypic scores of conformation (PC), precocity (PP) and muscles (PM) collected at yearling and scrotal circumference (SC) were used in the analyzes. In most of analyzes, the estimated fixed genetic effects were statistically significant. The complete model, including all fixed genetic effects was the most suitable in the two tested methodologies. In the estimation by least squares regression, the most parsimonious model was the model that included only breed additive and non-additive heterosis (dominance) effects and in the estimation by ridge regression the most parsimonious model was that included, besides the breed additive and non-additive heterosis (dominance) effects, the non-additive epistatic loss effects. Comparing the two methodologies, for models that include only breed additive and non-additive heterosis effects, methodologies proved to be equivalent; with the inclusion of non-additive epistatic loss and / or complementarity effects, ridge regression was more indicated originally. After reached a certain volume and structure, with much of classes of breeds represented in the sample. Both least squares and ridge regression were equivalent. Comparing the methods for determining the ridge parameter, the best method was that which identifies the smallest possible value that produces the variance inflation factors below 10 for all estimated regressors.
Track formation in SiO2 quartz and the thermal-spike mechanism.

[alpha]-quartz has been irradiated with heavy ions: [sup 19]F, [sup 32]S, and [sup 63]Cu at an energy of about 1 MeV/amu in order to cover a range of electronic stopping powers [ital dE]/[ital dx] between 2.4 and 9 keV/nm and [sup 58]Ni, [sup 86]Kr, [sup 128]Te, [sup 129]Xe, [sup 181]Ta, and [sup 208]Pb between 1 and 5.8 MeV/amu for [ital dE]/[ital dx][gt]7 keV/nm. The extent of the induced damage is determined using Rutherford backscattering ion channeling with a 2-MeV [sup 4]He beam. The damage cross section [ital A] is obtained using a Poisson law [ital F][sub [ital d]]=1[minus]exp([minus][ital A][phi][ital t]), where [phi] is the flux and [ital t] the irradiation time. This damage cross section is linked to the effective radius [ital R][sub [ital e]] through the relation [ital A]=[pi][ital R][sub [ital e]][sup 2], where [ital R][sub [ital e]] is the radius of an equivalent cylinder of damage. Using high-resolution electron microscopy, cylinders of amorphous matter have been observed, whose radius corresponds to [ital R][sub [ital e]] when the track is continuous (i.e., for [ital A][ge]1.3[times]10[sup [minus]13] cm[sup 2]; [ital R][sub [ital e]][ge]2 nm). A thermal-spike model is applied to calculate the radii of the observed tracks assuming that themore » observed amorphous cylinders correspond to a rapid quench of a molten liquid phase along the ion path. The model is applied only when the latent track is continuous and cylindrical. A good agreement is obtained taking into account that the initial spatial energy deposition on the electrons depends on the ion velocity. « less
High-Dimensional Structured Feature Screening Using Binary Markov Random Fields

Feature screening is a useful feature selection approach for high-dimensional data when the goal is to identify all the features relevant to the response variable. However, common feature screening methods do not take into account the correlation structure of the covariate space. We propose the concept of a feature relevance network, a binary Markov random field to represent the relevance of each individual feature by potentials on the nodes, and represent the correlation structure by potentials on the edges. By performing inference on the feature relevance network, we can accordingly select relevant features. Our algorithm does not yield sparsity, which is different from the particular popular family of feature selection approaches based on penalized least squares or penalized pseudo-likelihood. We give one concrete algorithm under this framework and show its superior performance over common feature selection methods in terms of prediction error and recovery of the truly relevant features on real-world data and synthetic data.
Differences in characteristics of mediolateral episiotomy in proffesionals at the same hospital

Abstract Objectives: The objective of our study was to compare the theoretical concept of the accoucheur in our institution with regard to the characteristics of the mediolateral episiotomy (MLE), with a crowning head and after a delivery. Methods: We devised two simple pictorial questionnaires (one with a crowning head and the other in rest after a delivery) in order to explore possible differences in clinical practice between the accoucheurs of our institution with respect to the MLE characteristics. Results: With a crowning head, we found more acute angles when the age of accoucheurs was greater than 35 years old and more than 15 years of experience, but no with the perineum at rest. No difference was found between doctors and midwives, nor between males and females. 28.1% of accoucheurs indicated an acuter episiotomy angle with a crowning head. Conclusion: This study confirmed that the individual interpretation of MLE differed widely among professionals at the same hospital. These differences which have been shown could predispose women to a greater risk of anal sphincter injuries. For this reason, there is a need to standardize this practice, to make the technique more homogeneous, particularly in the context of future research into the risks and benefits of episiotomy with respect to major perineal trauma.
Reexamination of Ehrenberg's Neogene Radiolarian Collections and its Impact on Taxonomic Stability

All remaining Neogene polycystine radiolarian specimens which were examined by Ehrenberg were searched for in the Ehrenberg Collection, Museum fur Naturkunde, Humboldt Uni- versity, Berlin, Germany. Almost all the illustrated specimens in his publications were located by using published and unpublished source materials. These specimens are candidate lectotypes. Howev- er, rigid application of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) would in some case causes scientifically unfruitful confusion and dispute because of very different modern accepted usage of several generic names (i.e. Acanthosphaera, Cenosphaera, Dictyophimus and Pterocanium). For these alternate type species may be required. Some illustrated specimens in publications are also broken by cracks in the embedding Canada balsam (i.e. Podocyrtis aegles) or are poorly preserved (i.e. Haliomma hexagonum) so that alternate type specimens may be required. For these reasons, we do not formally designate types in our paper, only pointing out taxonomic problems where appropri- ate.
Laser Teeth Bleaching: Evaluation of Eventual Side Effects on Enamel and the Pulp and the Efficiency In Vitro and In Vivo

Light and heat increase the reactivity of hydrogen peroxide. There is no evidence that light activation (power bleaching with high-intensity light) results in a more effective bleaching with a longer lasting effect with high concentrated hydrogen peroxide bleaching gels. Laser light differs from conventional light as it requires a laser-target interaction. The interaction takes place in the first instance in the bleaching gel. The second interaction has to be induced in the tooth, more specifically in the dentine. There is evidence that interaction exists with the bleaching gel: photothermal, photocatalytical, and photochemical interactions are described. The reactivity of the gel is increased by adding photocatalyst of photosensitizers. Direct and effective photobleaching, that is, a direct interaction with the colour molecules in the dentine, however, is only possible with the argon (488 and 415 nm) and KTP laser (532 nm). A number of risks have been described such as heat generation. Nd:YAG and especially high power diode lasers present a risk with intrapulpal temperature elevation up to 22°C. Hypersensitivity is regularly encountered, being it of temporary occurrence except for a number of diode wavelengths and the Nd:YAG. The tooth surface remains intact after laser bleaching. At present, KTP laser is the most efficient dental bleaching wavelength.
Robust censoring for linear inverse problems

Existing methods for smart data reduction are typically sensitive to outlier data that do not follow postulated data models. We propose robust censoring as a joint approach unifying the concepts of robust learning and data censoring. We focus on linear inverse problems and formulate robust censoring through a sparse sensing operator, which is a non-convex bilinear problem. We propose two solvers, one using alternating descent and the other using Metropolis-Hastings sampling. Although the latter is based on the concept of Bayesian sampling, we avoid confining the outliers to a specific model. Numerical results show that the proposed Metropolis-Hastings sampler outperforms state-of-the-art robust estimators.
Influence of Mannan and Glucan on Complement Activation and C3 Binding by Candida albicans

ABSTRACT The complement system is important for host resistance to hematogenously disseminated candidiasis. However, modulation of complement activation by cell wall components of Candida albicans has not been characterized. Although intact yeast display mannan on the surface, glucan, typically located in the interior, becomes exposed during C. albicans infection. We show here the distinct effects of mannan and glucan on complement activation and opsonophagocytosis. Previous studies showed that intact cells are resistant to initiation of complement activation through the alternative pathway, and antimannan antibody reverses this resistance via an Fc-independent mechanism. The present study shows that this mannan-dependent resistance can be overcome by periodate-borohydride conversion of mannose polysaccharides to polyalcohols; cells treated with periodate-borohydride initiate the alternative pathway without the need for antibody. These observations identify an inhibitory role for intact mannan in complement activation. Next, removal of the surface-displayed mannan by acid treatment of periodate-borohydride cells exposes glucan. Glucan-displaying cells or purified β-glucan initiate the alternative pathway when incubated with the purified proteins of the alternative pathway alone, suggesting that C. albicans glucan is a natural activator of the alternative pathway. Finally, ingestion of mannan-displaying cells by human neutrophils requires anti-mannan antibody, whereas ingestion of glucan-displaying cells requires complement. These results demonstrate a contrasting requirement of natural antibody and complement for opsonophagocytosis of C. albicans cells displaying mannan or glucan. Thus, differential surface expression of mannan and glucan may influence recognition of C. albicans by the complement system.
Co-parenting in a highly conflicted separation/divorce : learning about parents and their experiences of parenting coordination, legal, and mental health interventions

Sixty high-conflict separated/divorced co-parents completed surveys investigating characteristics and dynamics (narcissism, empathy, conflict) that were examined in relation to co-parenting style and parents' experiences of parenting coordination, legal, and mental health interventions. Study findings for this sample did not support common notions found in the literatures on parenting coordination and high-conflict divorce that suggest these parents are often narcissistic or low in empathy. Findings pertaining to all high-conflict participant experiences revealed the presence of common elements across aspects of practitioners and interventions with which they were both satisfied and dissatisfied.
Overlapping and distinct gray and white matter abnormalities in schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder

Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder may share common neurobiological mechanisms, but few studies have directly compared gray and white matter structure in these disorders. We used diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging and a region of interest based analysis to identify overlapping and distinct gray and white matter abnormalities in 35 patients with schizophrenia and 20 patients with bipolar I disorder in comparison to 56 healthy volunteers.
Families under stress: Using the Double ABCX model to understand attachment relationships in families during military deployment

While extensive research has been done examining stress in families using the Double ABCX model and examining stress management using attachment theory, there is no research combining the model to understand how they might be integrated in understanding stress and coping. The current study uses the Double ABCX model and research on attachment to suggest that attachment relationships will be the primary resource to adjust for military families during deployment. Two extreme case studies were selected to explore the interplay of these two models. The in-depth interviews of the women with a deployed spouse and with children in the home were examined. Exploration of the experiences of the two women informed a model in understanding the synthesis of stress and attachment and understanding the influence of meaning making and adjustment. Therapeutic implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
The Small-Scale Structure of the Magellanic Stream

We have mapped two regions at the northern tip of the Magellanic Stream in neutral hydrogen 21 cm emission, using the Arecibo telescope. The new data are used to study the morphology and properties of the Stream far away from the Magellanic Clouds, as well as to provide indirect constraints on the properties of the Galactic halo. We investigate confinement mechanisms for the Stream clouds and conclude that these clouds cannot be gravitationally confined or in free expansion. The most likely mechanism for cloud confinement is pressure support from the hot Galactic halo gas. This allows us to place an upper limit on the halo density: nh(15 kpc) = 10-3 cm-3 and/or nh (45 kpc) = 3 × 10-4 cm-3, depending on the distance. These values are significantly higher than predicted for an isothermal stratified halo.
Measurement of the Microwave Nonlinear Response of Combined Ferroelectric-Superconductor Transmission Lines

We fabricated nonlinear transmission lines and resonators that incorporate both distributed nonlinear capacitance and distributed nonlinear inductance in order to explore how such nonlinear elements interact in a combined nonlinear device. This work is motivated by the desire to reduce the nonlinearity associated with high temperature superconductor (HTS) microwave circuits by active cancellation through the use of nonlinear dielectrics. We characterized the nonlinear response of composite HTS-ferroelectric devices by combining intermodulation distortion (IMD) measurements vs. incident power with detailed linear measurements to extract the nonlinear circuit impedance. By directly comparing a resonator whose nonlinear response is dominated by the HTS nonlinear response with the nonlinear response of the composite HTS-ferroelectric device at different temperatures, we were able to differentiate between HTS and ferroelectric contributions to the overall nonlinear response. Although we observe no direct evidence for the cancellation or compensation of inductive HTS nonlinear effects due to the capacitive nonlinearity of integrated ferroelectric materials, we do observe a cross-over as a function of temperature from capacitive-dominated nonlinearity to inductive-dominated nonlinearity.
Body fatness and clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Portuguese children and adolescents

Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors that increase the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in adult populations have also been observed in pediatric populations. Childhood and adolescence obesity has been strongly implicated in the clustering of risk factors. The aims of the present study were 1) to examine whether clustering of CVD risk factors, either biological risk factors (high blood pressure (HBP), percentage of high fat mass (%HBF), and high total cholesterol (HTC)) and one behavioral/lifestyle risk factor (low physical activity index (LPAI)) exist, and 2) to analyze the relationship between body fatness and the clustering of other risk factors. The cluster of CVD risk factors was determined in 1,533 (8–15 years of age) children, 731 males (age 10.8 ± 2.3 years; weight, 40.6 ± 12.7 kg; height, 143.1 ± 14.1 cm; BMI, 19.4 ± 3.4 kg−2) and 802 females (age, 11.0 ± 2.4; weight, 41.0 ± 12.4; height, 142.8 ± 13.2; BMI, 19.7 ± 3.5). Sex‐ and age‐specific “high risk” quartiles were formed for each of the biological risk factors and the lifestyle factor. Thus, for blood pressure (high blood pressure, HBP), cholesterol (high cholesterol, HTC), and obesity (high percent of body fat, HBF), the sex‐ and age‐adjusted 4th quartile (4Q) was defined as the “high risk” quartile, while for physical activity the 1st quartile (1Q) was defined as the “high risk” quartile. The majority of children (62% of boys and 62% of girls) at risk of obesity are at risk of another risk factor. In our sample, estimated ORs indicated that, compared with 1Q, the “risk of obesity” children and adolescents were two times as likely (P < 0.001) to have two or three risk factors. Our results suggest that children 8–15 years old in the highest quartile of body fatness are an increased risk of having a cluster of other risk factors, namely HBP, HTC, and LPAI. These data provide further evidence that juvenile obesity warrants early intervention because the patterns of unhealthy behavior are formed in adolescence and young adulthood. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 16:556–562, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Women’s age at last childbearing and its determinants: a case study of Antwerp (Flanders, Belgium) on the basis of the multi-source COR* historical sample

Abstract Declines in the age at last childbearing in the first demographic transition reflected conscious changes in fertility behaviour during that period, in particular efforts to limit the total number of children. Such fertility limitation behaviour was the net result of ‘cultural causal factors’ on the one hand and ‘structural and economic causal factors’ on the other hand. This paper analyses the evolution of women’s age at last childbearing by reconstructing women’s life histories based on data from the multi-source COR* historical sample for Antwerp in the period 1846–1920. The paper also assesses the causes of this evolution through a number of theoretically grounded structural/economic, cultural and life course determinants, placing these concepts in a macro-micro framework of methodological individualism. For this purpose, in the first place a Kaplan-Meier analysis is applied to 10-year birth cohorts; a proportional hazard model is also applied to three different birth cohorts (mothers born before 1840; born in the period 1840–1859; and born after 1860); and a range of cultural and life course determinants are analysed, including women’s literacy status, marriage witness characteristics, the seasonality of marriages and births, and birth histories. The analysis confirms the decline in the age at last childbearing especially in the late cohort, and also highlights inter-cohort differences caused by cultural and life course determinants.
PTEN deletion in Bergmann glia leads to premature differentiation and affects laminar organization

Development of the central nervous system is controlled by both intrinsic and extrinsic signals that guide neuronal migration to form laminae. Although defects in neuronal mobility have been well documented as a mechanism for abnormal laminar formation, the role of radial glia, which provide the environmental cues, in modulating neuronal migration is less clear. We provide evidence that loss of PTEN in Bergmann glia leads to premature differentiation of this crucial cell population and subsequently to extensive layering defects. Accordingly, severe granule neuron migration defects and abnormal laminar formation are observed. These results uncover an unexpected role for PTEN in regulating Bergmann glia differentiation, as well as the importance of time-dependent Bergmann glia differentiation during cerebellar development.
Important Factors Influencing Rule Compliance in Fisheries Lessons from Danish Fisheries

ab Abstract. This paper presents the results of a research project, which has focused on Danish fishers' acceptance of imposed fisheries regulations and their respect for the management system. The analytical framework developed by Raakjaer Nielsen (1998) and Raakjaer Nielsen and Vedsmand (1999) has been used. The research has focused on three Danish fisheries: the cod fishery in the Baltic Sea, the demersal and Nephrops fishery in Kattegat and the fishery for non-human consumption species in the North Sea. The research is based on interviews with 56 fishers and a mail survey covering all vessels in the three selected fisheries. The following factors are concluded to have a major impact on rule compliance in fisheries: 1) the economic gains to be obtained; 2) the risk of being detected and the severity of the sanction; 3) the compatibility between the content of the regul ation and the fishing patterns and practise; 4) regulation leads towards stock conservation; 5) norms, in particular the behaviour of other fishers and the moral of the individual fisher. In addition there are some indication, that co-management is important fo r rule compliance.
Specification of Guaranteed Quality of Service

This memo describes the network element behavior required to deliver a guaranteed service (guaranteed delay and bandwidth) in the Internet. Guaranteed service provides firm (mathematically provable) bounds on end-to-end datagram queueing delays. This service makes it possible to provide a service that guarantees both delay and bandwidth. This specification follows the service specification template described in [1].
ANTI-CONSERVATIVE BIAS IN EDUCATION IS REAL — BUT NOT UNJUST

A recurring theme in the American “culture wars” is the allegation that formal education, especially higher education, is biased against political conservatism. To hear conservatives tell it, the American education system, with its multiculturalist dogmas, dominance by liberal faculty, hostility to traditional sexual morality, knee-jerk irreligiosity, and suspicion of market capitalism, is among the central battlegrounds in a decades-long conflict between conservative and liberal values. 1