Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Women Experience More Pain and Require More Morphine Than Men to Achieve a Similar Degree of Analgesia

Sex differences in pain perception and in response to opioids have been described, but the findings are inconsistent. We sought to determine the effect of sex on pain perception, morphine consumption, and morphine analgesia after surgery. We designed a prospective cohort study and included 423 women and 277 men who emerged from general anesthesia after surgical procedures and who reported pain intensity of ≥5 on the 0–10 numeric rating scale (NRS). We administered 2.5 mg of morphine IV every 10 min until the pain intensity was ≤4 of 10. Every 10 min, patients rated their pain on the NRS and indicated the degree of pain relief on a 5-point Likert scale. After adjustment for type of operation and age, we found that women had more intense pain and had larger morphine consumption than men. The difference in NRS pain intensity was 0.4 U (95% confidence interval, 0.1–0.6 U). Women required 0.03 mg/kg more morphine than men (95% confidence interval, 0.02–0.04 mg/kg). We conclude that women have more intense pain and require 30% more morphine to achieve a similar degree of analgesia compared with men. Clinicians should anticipate the differences in opioid requirement to avoid undertreatment of pain in women.
Using Neural Networks in the Identification of Signatures for Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is now considered the most common type of dementia in the population. Although it is a degenerative and irreversible disease, if diagnosed early, medications may be administered to slow the progression of symptoms and provide a better quality of life for the patient. Herbert et al. And Gòmez conducted studies with classifiers contained in the software Weka using a database with values of 120 blood proteins, and they noticed that they could classify the patient may or may not be diagnosed with AD with an accuracy rate of 93% and 65%, respectively. Thus, this study aims to use neural networks such as Multi-layer Perceptron, Extreme-learning Machine and Reservoir Computing to perform early diagnosis of a patient with or without AD and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), another common type of disease. This article also envisions to utilize the Random Forest Algorithm and the feature selection method available on Weka called Info Gain Attribute Eval to select proteins from the original set and, thus, create a new protein signature. Through experiments it can be concluded that the best performance was obtained with the MLP and the new signatures created with the Random Forest achieved better results than those available in the literature.
Behavioral resource-aware model inference

Software bugs often arise because of differences between what developers think their system does and what the system actually does. These differences frustrate debugging and comprehension efforts. We describe Perfume, an automated approach for inferring behavioral, resource-aware models of software systems from logs of their executions. These finite state machine models ease understanding of system behavior and resource use. Perfume improves on the state of the art in model inference by differentiating behaviorally similar executions that differ in resource consumption. For example, Perfume separates otherwise identical requests that hit a cache from those that miss it, which can aid understanding how the cache affects system behavior and removing cache-related bugs. A small user study demonstrates that using Perfume is more effective than using logs and another model inference tool for system comprehension. A case study on the TCP protocol demonstrates that Perfume models can help understand non-trivial protocol behavior. Perfume models capture key system properties and improve system comprehension, while being reasonably robust to noise likely to occur in real-world executions.
Joint Estimates of QTL Effect and Frequency Using Synthetic Recombinant Populations of Drosophila melanogaster

Sequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank Data Libraries under accession nos. DQ450201–DQ450355. 3 ABSTRACT We develop and implement a strategy to map QTL in two synthetic populations of Drosophila melanogaster each initiated with eight inbred founder strains. These recombinant populations allow simultaneous estimates of QTL location, effect, and frequency. Five X-linked QTL influencing bristle number were resolved to intervals of ~1.3 cM. We confirm previous observations of bristle number QTL distal to 4A at the tip of the chromosome, and identify two novel QTL between 7F-8C, an interval that does not include any classic bristle number candidate genes. If QTL at the tip of the X are biallelic they appear to be intermediate in frequency, although there is evidence these QTL may reside in multiallelic haplotypes. Conversely, the two QTL mapping to the middle of the X-chromosome are likely rare: in each case the minor allele is observed in only one of the sixteen founders. Assuming additivity and biallelism we estimate that identified QTL contribute 1.0% and 8.7%, respectively, to total phenotypic variation in male abdominal and sternopleural bristle number in nature. Models that seek to explain the maintenance of genetic variation make different predictions about the population frequency of QTL alleles. Thus, mapping QTL in eight-way recombinant populations can distinguish between these models.
Rates of convergence of the recursive radial basis function networks

Recursive radial basis function (RRBF) neural networks are introduced and discussed. We study in detail the nets with diagonal receptive field matrices. Parameters of the networks are learned by a simple procedure. Convergence and the rates of convergence of RRBF nets in the mean integrated absolute error (MIAE) sense are studied under mild conditions imposed on some of the network parameters. The obtained results also give the upper bounds on the performance of RRBF nets learned by minimizing the empirical L/sub 1/ error.
1 NONLINEAR DYNAMICS BEHAVIOR IN THE REIT INDUSTRY : A PRE-AND POST-1993 COMPARISON By

We examine the nonlinear dynamic behavior of EREIT, MREIT and HREIT returns during the preand post-1993 REIT organizational and structural changes. There is substantial empirical evidence in favor of nonlinearity in REITs industry and small stock markets for the whole sample periods and across two sub-periods. The nonlinear dependence in all types of REITs is caused by heteroskedasticity. During the most recent time periods, real estate returns exhibit time irreversible pattern with some predictable components. The asymmetric price change patterns in all three types of REITs in general follow a linear model with non-Guassian innovations. Similar patterns are reported for EREITs before and after 1993, suggesting that return behavior of EREIT hasn’t changed as the sizes and structures of REITs have changed over time. Applying the same tests on Russell 2000, a proxy for small stocks, we find that EREITs and small stocks behave differently during the most recent time periods. The return behavior of small stocks resembles a nonlinear model with Gaussian innovations.
An upper-bound estimate for the accuracy of glacier volume–area scaling

Abstract. Volume–area scaling is the most popular method for estimating the ice volume of large glacier samples. Here, a series of resampling experiments based on different sets of synthetic data is presented in order to derive an upper-bound estimate (i.e. a level achieved only within ideal conditions) for its accuracy. For real-world applications, a lower accuracy has to be expected. We also quantify the maximum accuracy expected when scaling is used for determining the glacier volume change, and area change of a given glacier population. A comprehensive set of measured glacier areas, volumes, area and volume changes is evaluated to investigate the impact of real-world data quality on the so-assessed accuracies. For populations larger than a few thousand glaciers, the total ice volume can be recovered within 30% if all data currently available worldwide are used for estimating the scaling parameters. Assuming no systematic bias in ice volume measurements, their uncertainty is of secondary importance. Knowing the individual areas of a glacier sample for two points in time allows recovering the corresponding ice volume change within 40% for populations larger than a few hundred glaciers, both for steady-state and transient geometries. If ice volume changes can be estimated without bias, glacier area changes derived from volume–area scaling show similar uncertainties to those of the volume changes. This paper does not aim at making a final judgement on the suitability of volume–area scaling as such, but provides the means for assessing the accuracy expected from its application.
Lumbar Sympathectomy

This issue of Cardiovascular Surgery carries an article by Holiday et al. (Vol. 7, No.2, pp. 190-192) on ~e subject of lumbar sympathectomy which shows, In an uncontrolled series, that the procedure, whether carried out operatively or by injection of phenol, leads to a 60% limb salvage rate at one year in inoperable critical ischaemia. Many such papers have been written over the last 70 years and a short editorial on the subject is timely. The operation of lumbar sympathectomy was probably the first invasive vascular procedure to be carried out as a routine treatment for limb ischaemia, predating vascular reconstruction procedures by 30 years. Early sympathectomies were carried out by Jaboulay [2] and Leriche [3] as perivascular procedures, stripping the adventitia from the femoral artery, but it quickly became apparent that, because of the segmental nerve supply to the periphery, this procedure denervated only the local artery and had no effect on the distal circulation. Royle first ~escribed true sympathetic denervation of the lower hmb by preganglionic lumbar sympathectomy at open operation in 1924 [4]; he was using the operation as a possible treatment for spastic paralysis in soldiers with brain injury and noticed transient flUshing of the limb. Adson and Brown [5] began to apply the technique to sufferers of peripheral vascular disease in the United States in 1925. It quickly became the mainstay of treatment for peripheral vascular disease and for Raynaud's syndrome, and remained in the forefront of operative treatment until arterial bypass procedures became routine in the early 1960s. Adson and Brown reported the results ~rom 100 procedures in 1932 [6] and found a 60% Improvement rate for claudicants, a figure not too dissimilar from the response to conservative treatment, thus demonstrating the importance of a control group in the investigation of this procedure. Very f~w uncontrolled series have shown a response much different from this in the treatment of claudicants. A
Self-Selection and the Impact of Migration on Earnings *

This paper formulates and estimates a comparative advantage model of migration in which individuals maximize the value of log earnings, net of moving costs, by choosing between a pair of locations. Using a subsample of males from the 2003 wave of the PNAD, a comprehensive Brazilian national household survey, I construct six measures to assess the impact of migration on earnings. The results do not support the common notion that migrants constitute a positive selected subsample of the population, i.e., that they have unobservable traits which make them more productive than non-migrants at the destination, after controlling for observable characteristics.
Transcriptional Regulation of Cuticular Protein Glycine-Rich13 Gene Expression in Wing Disc of Bombyx mori, Lepidoptera

ABSTRACT. Cuticular protein genes are good models to study the molecular mechanisms of signaling by ecdysteroids, which regulate molting and metamorphosis in insects. The present research demonstrates on hormonal regulation and analysis of the regulatory sequences and transcription factors important for Bombyx mori cuticular protein glycine-rich13 (CPG13) gene expression. Expression of CPG13 was strong at prepupal stage in wing tissues of B. mori. CPG13 expression was induced by the addition of 20E, which was inhibited by cycloheximide in the wing disc. The upstream region of the CPG13 gene was analyzed using a transient reporter assay with a gene gun system and identified two BR-Z2 binding sites to be important cis-acting elements for the transcription activation of the luciferase reporter gene by an ecdysone pulse. Site-directed mutagenesis of these sites, followed by introduction into wing discs, significantly decreased the reporter activity. It was found that the regions carrying the binding sites for the ecdysone-responsive transcription factor BR-Z2 were responsible for the hormonal enhancement of the reporter gene activity in wing discs. Mutation of the BR-Z2 binding sites decreased the reporter activity suggesting that the BR-Z2 isoform can bind to the upstream region of the cuticle protein gene, CPG13 and activates its expression.
Approach and avoidance learning in patients with major depression and healthy controls: relation to anhedonia

Background Central to understanding of the behavioural consequences of depression has been the theory that the disorder is accompanied by an increased sensitivity to negative compared with positive reinforcement (negative bias), whereas other theorists have emphasized a global reduction in sensitivity to reinforcement in depression (blunting). Method In this study, we used a probabilistic selection task that was designed to examine independently rates of learning to predict both positive and negative reinforcement. Twenty-three depressed out-patients and 23 healthy controls from the local population participated in the study. Results No evidence for a negative bias was observed on the task, either during acquisition of the task or during generalization of the learned information. Depressed patients responded slower on the task than controls but showed a similar modulation of reaction times (RTs) as controls following reinforcement. Evidence for blunting was observed on the training phase, as reflected in reduced trial-by-trial adjustment during this phase. However, this effect was related specifically to the severity of anhedonia, as measured by the Snaith–Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), and was independent of overall depression severity. Conclusions We argue that the observation of a negative bias or blunting in a group of depressed patients may be dependent on the neuropsychological task and the symptoms of the patients tested. Our results provide insight into how these theories might be further tested.
Religious Nationalism in a Global Age

This article attempts to present an understanding of the current discussions regarding religious nationalism in a global framework in order to solicit two themes in the case of Hindu Nationalism and revivalism. One, the conflict of interest that arises between globalization as a “means” and as an “end”; two, the implications of network societies and the politics of marginalization. Globalization is looked at from two ends of a spectrum—as an end product versus as a process in itself. This distinction between theorizing globalization as an end or as a means to an end has been made by scholars such as Robertson and White (2007). However, its implications for religious nationalism have not been explored exhaustively. Furthermore, the analysis of Hindu nationalism and revivalism as a peripheral dynamic in the Western nations needs to be problematized in this regard.
Effect of Blood Sugar Control on the Accumulation of Sorbitol and Fructose in Nervous Tissues

Some products of the sorbitol metabolic pathway of glucose were extracted from peripheral nerves and spinal cords of rats, identified, and measured. Within a few days after a diabetic state was induced with streptozotocin, glucose, sorbitol, and fructose in nerve and cord had risen sharply as blood glucose increased. These levels were partially controlled when the blood sugar was restricted by insulin, but they increased rapidly when the insulin was withheld. Withdrawal of treatment resulted in a much greater rise of the fructose in the nervous system in animals that had been diabetic for six weeks before institution of treatment with insulin than in animals treated from induction. When phen-formin was used as a controlling agent in place of insulin, accumulation of glucose and fructose in the nervous system was enhanced, whereas fructose was found to decrease when tolbutamide was used. Earlier workers have shown that the sorbitol pathway seems to be associated with the Schwann cell and that dysfunction of this cell leads to segmental demyelination. We find that accumulation in nerves of the products of the sorbitol pathway may be minimized when blood sugar is controlled; since we have evidence that in human beings with diabetes good control improves the state of myelination of already damaged nerves, it is postulated that herein lies the mechanism whereby control of diabetes is likely to lead to a reduction in the incidence of nerve damage.
The Mouse Germ-Cell-Specific Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein NALP14: A Member of the NACHT Nucleoside Triphosphatase Family1

Abstract Microscopy of sectioned neonatal mouse ovaries established the predominance of primordial follicles in Day 3 samples and the predominance of primary follicles by Day 8. To identify genetic determinants of the primordial to primary follicle transition, the transcriptome of Day 1 or Day 3 mouse ovaries was contrasted by differential display with that of Day 8 ovaries. This manuscript examines one of the up-regulated genes, the novel Nalp14 gene, whose transcript displayed 18- and 127-fold increments from Day 1 to Days 3 and 8, respectively. First noted by in situ hybridization in oocytes encased by primary follicles, Nalp14 transcripts were continuously expressed through the preovulatory stage. The transcripts declined when meiotic maturation resumed, and they were markedly diminished by the 2-cell embryo stage. The corresponding 3281-base pair, full-length cDNA coded for a 993 residue/104.6-kDa germ cell-specific protein. A member of the multifunctional NACHT NTPase family, the NALP14 protein featured 14 iterations of the leucine-rich-repeat domain, a region implicated in protein-protein interaction. Protein BLAST analysis of the NALP14 sequence revealed 2 previously reported germ cell-specific homologs (i.e., MATER [Maternal Antigen That Embryos Require], RNH2 [RiboNuclease/Angiogenin Inhibitor 2], and NALP4c). The structural attributes, expression pattern, and cellular localization of MATER and RNH2 largely conformed to those reported for NALP14.
Human processes of control: tracing the goals and strategies of control room teams

This study utilized a process tracing methodology to analyse the goals and strategies of control room teams in dealing with an unpredicted plant disturbance. The human processes of control used by operators and their supervisors, and interactions between them, were analysed during phases of detection, diagnosis, and control of a small plant leak. Five control room teams were videotaped tackling this simulated scenario on a full-scale simulator. The results found substantial differences both within and between teams in how the goals of monitoring and implementing procedures during the detection phase, and problem-solving and plant control during the diagnosis phase were achieved. The temporal patterning of the activities associated with these goals revealed that the teams used different strategies. The training implications of these findings are discussed, in particular with respect to the control room supervisor who had a pivotal role.
EVALUATION STUDENTS AWARENESS OF PATIENTS’ RIGHTS IN CLINICAL STUDENTS OF JAHROM MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

Introduction: respecting the patients' rights is physically, mentally, spiritually and socially legitimate and reasonable needs that embodied in medical standards and rules and Treatment team is responsible and obligated to perform and observe it. Method: This study is a descriptive-analytic. Sampling was Census of 300 students from the Clinical students of Jahrom Medical University during the spring of 2013. The data collection was two-part questionnaire with demographic data and 29 questions in the area of patient's rights. For data analysis used SPSS statistical software version 16 and descriptive statistics (including percent, mean and standard deviation) and analytical testing (including t-tests, ANOVA and Spearman correlation coefficients. Results: In total number of samples (n=300), 195 patients (65%) were female. The mean knowledge score of students was 14/48±3/82. The highest mean score was in the area of informed consent, and lowest, in the sphere of individual freedom. Differences of student scales in terms of gender, academic degree was significant (p value <0.05). Conclusion: The total and difference areas awareness of the clinical students about patient's rights were at the intermediate level. The knowledge of clinical medical students was higher than other students. Institutionalization of ethics in the students and make them aware of the career is an important part of the universities responsibility.
A cyclic AMP-dependent form of associative synaptic plasticity induced by coactivation of beta-adrenergic receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptors in rat hippocampus

Recent studies suggest that increases in intracellular cAMP increase evoked synaptic responses in area CA1 of the hippocampus. We recently reported that activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in hippocampal slices potentiates cAMP responses to activation of other receptors that are positively coupled to adenylyl cyclase through Gs. It is possible that by enhancing cAMP responses, mGluRs could markedly potentiate the ability of agonists of Gs-coupled receptors to potentiate synaptic responses in area CA1. Such synergistic activation of a second messenger system could be involved in an associative form of neuronal plasticity in which simultaneous activation of two independent inputs to a cell is required for induction of a given change in synaptic transmission or neuronal excitability. We therefore tested the hypothesis that coactivation of mGluRs and a Gs-coupled receptor (the beta-adrenergic receptor) could lead to large increases in cAMP accumulation in hippocampus and thereby increase synaptic responses in area CA1. We report that coactivation of mGluRs and beta- adrenergic receptors leads to a lasting (> 30 min) increase in the amplitude of evoked population spikes at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapse. This effect is not accompanied by an increase in excitatory postsynaptic currents or by a decrease in synaptic inhibition in area CA1, suggesting that it is not mediated by a lasting change in excitatory or inhibitory synaptic transmission. However, coactivation of these receptors leads to a persistent depolarization of CA1 pyramidal cells with a concomitant increase in input resistance. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)