Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Hemorrhage on Plasma Atriopeptin Levels in Conscious Dogs

Abstract An increase in atrial pressure has been shown to cause an increase in the concentration of atrial peptides (atriopeptin) in plasma. We therefore hypothesized that a reduction in atrial pressure would decrease the concentration of atriopeptin in plasma. In formulating this hypothesis we assumed that changes in the concentration of other circulating hormones or changes in cardiac nerve activity during hemorrhage would not affect the secretion of atriopeptin. To test the hypothesis, we bled sham-operated conscious dogs at a rate of 0.8 ml · kg−1 · min−1 to decrease right and left atrial pressures. Hemorrhage was continued until a total of 30 ml of blood per kilogram body weight had been removed. Identical experiments were performed on conscious cardiac-denervated dogs. The concentration of plasma atriopeptin was decreased in each group of dogs after 10 ml of blood per kilogram of body weight had been removed, but the decrease achieved statistical significance only in the cardiac-denervated dogs. Further hemorrhage, however, produced no further decreases in circulating atriopeptin in either group even though atrial pressures continued to decline as more blood was removed. A comparison of the atriopeptin response to hemorrhage revealed no significant difference between the sham-operated and cardiac-denervated dogs, thus providing no evidence for a specific effect of cardiac nerves on atriopeptin secretion during hemorrhage. Our results demonstrate that the relationship between atrial pressure and plasma atriopeptin that has been observed repeatedly during atrial stretch is not evident during relatively slow, prolonged hemorrhage. There is, however, a small decline in circulating atriopeptin during the initial stage of hemorrhage that could be of biological significance.
How Social Work Can Contribute in the Shift to Personalised, Recovery-Oriented Psycho-Social Disability Support Services

This paper presents the findings from an Australian study in which forty-one people, who self-identified as having a psycho-social disability as a result of mental health problems, spoke about their priorities for treatment, care and support within a personalised funding context. The research enabled an improved understanding of the choices about support that people with psycho-social disabilities would make if offered individualised funding packages. Participants prioritised specific supports to improve their health, financial situation, social connection, housing and personal relationships. A relationship with a support worker with a range of skills was identified as a key facilitator of these life goals, but people with psycho-social disabilities also valued opportunities to have discretionary funds to directly address the major problems they face, including stigma, discrimination and poverty. The paper argues that social workers can potentially fill a range of roles and are well placed to work in partnership with people with psycho-social disabilities. Particularly, they have skills in co-production of services, negotiation and advocacy that are required if individual funding is to be maximised for user control, social justice and personal recovery outcomes.
Unsupervised Part-Of-Speech Tagging with Anchor Hidden Markov Models

We tackle unsupervised part-of-speech (POS) tagging by learning hidden Markov models (HMMs) that are particularly well-suited for the problem. These HMMs, which we call anchor HMMs, assume that each tag is associated with at least one word that can have no other tag, which is a relatively benign condition for POS tagging (e.g., “the” is a word that appears only under the determiner tag). We exploit this assumption and extend the non-negative matrix factorization framework of Arora et al. (2013) to design a consistent estimator for anchor HMMs. In experiments, our algorithm is competitive with strong baselines such as the clustering method of Brown et al. (1992) and the log-linear model of Berg-Kirkpatrick et al. (2010). Furthermore, it produces an interpretable model in which hidden states are automatically lexicalized by words.
The Discontinuity of Offending Among African American Youth in the Juvenile Justice System

Little is known about what factors contribute to African American youth desisting from offending. Participants were 3,230 moderate- to high-risk adolescents from Washington State who completed a statewide risk assessment to assess the likelihood of recidivism. Participants were screened by juvenile probation officers between 2003 and 2010. Researchers investigated whether youth possessed protective factors and whether developmental change took place after contact with the juvenile justice system. It was hypothesized that having protective factors would decrease the likelihood of recidivism and the impact of each factor would differ by gender. Findings indicate African American youth have protective factors across a range of domains. However, little developmental change occurs after contact with the juvenile justice system. Impulse control, parental supervision, and pro-social peers were important for reducing recidivism. Problem solving was more influential for African American males, while impulse control and parental supervision were more influential for African American females. Implications for practice and policy are discussed.
Oxytocin receptor genetic variation relates to empathy and stress reactivity in humans

Oxytocin, a peptide that functions as both a hormone and neurotransmitter, has broad influences on social and emotional processing throughout the body and the brain. In this study, we tested how a polymorphism (rs53576) of the oxytocin receptor relates to two key social processes related to oxytocin: empathy and stress reactivity. Compared with individuals homozygous for the G allele of rs53576 (GG), individuals with one or two copies of the A allele (AG/AA) exhibited lower behavioral and dispositional empathy, as measured by the “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” Test and an other-oriented empathy scale. Furthermore, AA/AG individuals displayed higher physiological and dispositional stress reactivity than GG individuals, as determined by heart rate response during a startle anticipation task and an affective reactivity scale. Our results provide evidence of how a naturally occurring genetic variation of the oxytocin receptor relates to both empathy and stress profiles.
Inter-ethnic trust in the aftermath of mass violence: insights from large-N life histories

We study the changes in inter-ethnic trust in Rwanda, in the period 1989-2011, bracketing genocide and other forms of violence. We rely on a combination of quantitative and narrative analysis of over 400 individual life histories in which inter-ethnic trust was systematically coded. We show that a huge decline in inter-ethnic trust at the time of violence was followed by a gradual recovery. We find the recovery to be nonlinear, thus not simply a matter of time, but responsive to three phenomena: major political events, policies that have a profound impact on the social tissue, and shifts in the societal narrative. The life story narratives indicate that these events, policies and shifting public discourse affect inter-ethnic trust by triggering affective and cognitive processes, i.e. a change in emotions or the updating of information and expectations. We compare the results with findings from Burundi where an identical research design was used.
The University of Bradford Institutional Repository

: In recent years, automatic facial age estimation has gained popularity due to its numerous applications. Much work has been done on frontal images and lately, minimal estimation errors have been achieved on most of the benchmark databases. However, in reality, images obtained in unconstrained environments are not always frontal. For instance, when conducting a demographic study or crowd analysis, one may get profile images of the face. To the best of our knowledge, no attempt has been made to estimate ages from the side-view of face images. Here we exploit this by using a pre-trained deep residual neural network (ResNet) to extract features. We then utilize a sparse partial least squares regression approach to estimate ages. Despite having less information as compared to frontal images, our results show that the extracted deep features achieve a promising performance.
Academic Women

A n n a Mary Wells ' double biography Miss Marks and Miss Woolley is a ground-breaking study. I t is our first clear and honest look at the lives of two distinguished academic women of the late nineteenth and early twen­ tieth centuries. Mary E m m a Woolley served as Mount Holyoke's presi­ dent from 1901 to 1937. During the same years, Jeannette Marks taught English literature and created the Laboratory Theatre at the college. The i r public and private lives are important to historians of education because these two women helped define the nature of the women's col­ lege. T h e i r dual biography can be read as a commentary on women's aspirations and achievements at the turn of the century. Mary E . Woolley was a member of the unique generation of profes­ sional women who came to maturity in the 1880s and 1890s. T o a degree remarkable in retrospect, women in this generation achieved a high level of personal success that was heightened by the strong connection they made between their individual ambitions and reform goals for the broader society. Generally unmarried, they lived largely within com­ munities of women which provided them with respect, affection, and a sense of common purpose. These women shaped the Eastern women's col­ leges that we have come to call the Seven Sisters. Whi le men had often founded the colleges and continued to run their boards of trustees, aca­ demic women came to dominate the faculty and nascent administration. I n some instances, women served as their presidents. Wellesley, Mt. Holyoke, Vassar, and B r y n Mawr became their professional and personal worlds. T h e y lived in college dormitories, in cottages nearby, in houses, in the presidents' official residences. T h e y taught women students, some of whom would jo in them in the academy. T h e y argued in faculty meet­ ings, cooperated and fought in departments, developed courses and pro­ grams, and, in the process, created colleges in their own image which would have a cri t ical impact on their women students. Unt i l now we have not known much about these academic women. T h e women's colleges themselves have not received adequate attention by his­ torians. T h e quality of the recent crop of books addressed to a lay audi­ ence suggests the poverty of good histories on which to draw. Elaine Ken­ dall's Peculiar Institutions, on the Seven Sisters, recounts the stories of the foundings and the vicissitudes of college life in a palatable manner. (1) Its strength is in its discussion of the regulations surrounding student life,
Essential Hypernatremia: Report of Three Cases and Review of the Literature

Three patients had "essential" hypernatremia due to hypothalamic lesions and their clinical features were compared with those of previously described cases. Key findings were (1) chronic but fluctuating elevation of serum sodium level that was not corrected by fluid administration, (2) evidence of normal extracellular fluid volume, (3) intact antidiuretic hormone (ADH) synthesis and renal tubular response to ADH, (4) impaired osmotic regulation of ADH secretion, and (5) correction of hypernatremia with exogenous vasopressin. Clinical and experimental observations suggest that the anatomic lesion leading to sustained hyperosmolality in this disorder is injury to osmoreceptors with relative sparing of neural elements synthesizing ADH. Loss of sensitive osmotic control of ADH secretion and preservation of less sensitive volume modulation may explain both the wide fluctuations in serum sodium levels and the inability to correct hyperosmolality with fluid loading.
Burnout and Associated Factors among Iranian Emergency Medicine Practitioners

Abstract Background Emergency physicians are at risk of burnout, which can affect their mental health, as well as patient care. We assessed burnout level among Iranian emergency physicians and investigated demographic, work-related factors and stressors associated with higher burnout. Methods In a cross-sectional study, we surveyed all 188 emergency medicine residents and practitioners in Iran. We measured burnout using 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory assessing emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment, also demographic factors, work related factors and sources of stress in emergency department using anonymous self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive analysis, univariate analysis to evaluate association with higher score of burnout, and multivariate logistic regression analysis to predict high burnout in 3 subscales was performed. Results Totally, 165 questionnaires were filled (response rate: 88%; mean age: 33.6 years, 91% male). Mean burnout scores were 22.94 for emotional exhaustion (95% CI=20.78-25.01; moderate), 9.3 for depersonalization (95% CI=8.24-10.36; moderate to high), and 31.47 for personal accomplishment (95% CI=29.87-33.07; moderate to high). Frequent reported sources of stress were shortage of equipment, problem with work physical environment, and relationship with other services. All 19 sources of stress were associated with higher score of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization; while twelve out of 19 were significantly associated with lower level of personal accomplishment. In logistic regression model, the significant predictors for high emotional exhaustion were work overload, feeling of insecurity for future career and difficulties to balance professional and private life. Conclusion Burnout is high among Iranian emergency medicine practitioners and some interventions can be proposed to reduce stress.
A novel mechanosensitive channel identified in sensory neurons

Mechanosensitive (MS) channels are ion channels gated by different types of mechanical stimuli. MS channels in sensory neurons are thought to be molecular transducers for somatic sensations such as touch, pressure, proprioception and pain. Previously, we reported that two types of MS channels are present in sensory neurons. These channels are termed low threshold (LT) and high threshold (HT) MS channels based on their pressure threshold for activation. Here, we report another type of MS channel present in sensory neurons. The channel is activated by low pressure applied to a patch (threshold ∼20 mmHg, similar to that in the LT channel). However, because this channel has a smaller single‐channel conductance than that of the LT channel, the newly classified MS channel is now called a low threshold small conductance (LTSC) channel. Unlike the LT channel, which has outwardly rectifying currents, the current–voltage relationship of the LTSC is linear. The LTSC was permeable to monovalent cations and Ca2+, and reversibly blocked by gadolinium, a blocker of MS channels. Unlike the LT channel, the LTSC was sensitized by prostaglandin E2, an inflammatory mediator that is known to sensitize nociceptors to mechanical stimuli. LTSC channels were found mostly in small cultured sensory neurons. Thus, these results suggest that the LTSC is a distinct type of MS channel that is different from the LT and HT channels in sensory neurons, and that LTSCs might play a role in mediating somatosensations, including pain.
Measuring employee perception of performance management system effectiveness

Purpose – Concerns about the effectiveness of performance management systems (PMS) have long-driven researchers and practitioners to explore ways of measuring it. It is imperative for organizations to understand, how employees perceive the effectiveness of their PMS, for positive employee outcomes. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to explore the operationalization of the construct “employee perception of PMS effectiveness” (PMSE). An evidence of construct validity for the “two-factor PMS effectiveness” measure with perceived “PMS accuracy” and “PMS fairness” as its two factors is provided. In addition, a scale to measure “employee perception of PMS accuracy” is developed. Design/methodology/approach – Mixed-methods research methodology. Findings – Findings confirmed the possible existence of the two-factor PMSE construct, with PMS accuracy and fairness as its factors. Construct validity is established through its correlations with important outcome variables. The development of a valid and reliable 12-.
Teaching Presence Influencing Online Students' Course Satisfaction at an Institution of Higher Education.

This paper discusses the association between online students’ interaction through the Learning Management System (LMS) discussion forum and their reported course satisfaction. The participants in the study reported here were selected from several faculties in one university in Malaysia who were enrolled in at least one hybrid or fully online course. The Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework, its instrument and satisfaction scale were employed in this study via a Qualtrics online survey. Teaching presence in the CoI was used to find out how strong it correlated with students’ course satisfaction. The results showed that both variables were significantly positively associated with each other; indicating that students who enjoyed a relatively high teaching presence in online discussions were very likely to report higher course satisfaction.
Mutational analysis of the bovine respiratory syncytial virus nucleocapsid protein using a minigenome system: mutations that affect encapsidation, RNA synthesis, and interaction with the phosphoprotein.

The nucleocapsid (N) protein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a multifunctional protein that plays a central role in transcription and replication of viral genomic RNA. To investigate the domains and specific residues involved in different N activities, we generated a total of 27 deletion and 12 point mutants of the N protein. These mutants were characterized using an intracellular BRSV-CAT minigenome replication system for the ability to (1) direct minigenome RNA synthesis, (2) direct minigenome encapsidation, and (3) form a complex with the phosphoprotein (P). The mutations tested were defective in synthesis of RNA from the BRSV-CAT minigenome template with the exception of the following: a deletion involving the first N-terminal amino acid and mutations involving conservative substitution at the second amino acid and at certain internal cysteine residues. Micrococcal nuclease enzyme protection assays showed that mutations involving amino acids 1-364 of the 391-amino-acid N protein prevented minigenome encapsidation. Thus the BRSV N protein has a C-terminal, 27-amino-acid tail that is not required for encapsidation. Interestingly, two of the mutations that ablated encapsidation did not greatly affect RNA synthesis; the mutant involving deletion of the N-terminal amino acid and the mutant involving a substitution at position 2. This finding indicates that the formation of a nucleocapsid sufficient to protect the RNA from nuclease is not required for template function. Coimmunoprecipitation of N and P using N- or P-specific antiserum revealed two regions of the N protein that are important for association with the P protein: a central portion of 244-290 amino acids and a C-terminal portion of 338-364 amino acids.
Bifidobacteria inhibit the inflammatory response induced by gliadins in intestinal epithelial cells via modifications of toxic peptide generation during digestion

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic enteropathy triggered by intake of gliadin, the toxic component of gluten. This study aims at evaluating the capacity of different Bifidobacterium strains to counteract the inflammatory effects of gliadin‐derived peptides in intestinal epithelial (Caco‐2) cells. A commercial extract of several gliadin (Gld) types (α, β, γ, ϖ) was subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion (pepsin at pH 3, pancreatin‐bile at pH 6), inoculated or not with cell suspensions (108 colony forming units/ml) of either B. animalis IATA‐A2, B. longum IATA‐ES1, or B. bifidum IATA‐ES2, in a bicameral system. The generated gliadin‐derived peptides were identified by reverse phase‐HPLC–ESI‐MS/MS. Caco‐2 cell cultures were exposed to the different gliadin peptide digestions (0.25 mg protein/ml), and the mRNA expression of nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), and chemokine CXCR3 receptor were analyzed by semi‐quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) in stimulated cells. The production of the pro‐inflammatory markers NF‐κB p50, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β (interleukine 1β) by Caco‐2 cells was also determined by ELISA. The peptides from gliadin digestions inoculated with bifidobacteria did not exhibit the toxic amino acid sequences identified in those noninoculated (α/β‐Gld [158–164] and α/β‐Gld [122‐141]). The RT‐PCR analysis evidenced a down‐regulation in mRNA expression of pro‐inflammatory biomarkers. Consistent with these results the production of NF‐κB, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β was reduced (18.2–22.4%, 28.0–64.8%, and abolished, respectively) in cell cultures exposed to gliadin digestions inoculated with bifidobacteria. Therefore, bifidobacteria change the gliadin‐derived peptide pattern and, thereby, attenuate their pro‐inflammatory effects on Caco‐2 cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 801–807, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Water crisis in São Paulo evaluated under the disaster's point of view

Desde 2014 se ha enfrentado a problemas en el suministro de agua para la poblacion en la region sudeste de Brasil, especialmente en la region metropolitana de Sao Paulo. En este articulo enfocamos la crisis del agua desde el punto de vista del riesgo de desastres, teniendo en cuenta que una de sus caracteristicas es el numero de personas afectadas y las perdidas asociadas. En la situacion que se examina, hay personas directamente afectadas por el suministro intermitente de los hogares e indirectamente, por el aumento de los precios de los insumos cuya produccion o fabricacion depende de la disponibilidad de agua. Se presentam cada una de las etapas de la gestion del riesgo de desastres: prevencion, mitigacion, preparacion, respuesta y recuperacion. El riesgo de falta de agua en Sao Paulo es solo un aspecto de la discusion que involucra la eficacia de los procesos de gestion y la necesidad de inversiones en el area, sobre todo en la reduccion de la distribucion derrochadora.
Pathophysiology of myalgic encephalomyelitis

Neonatal abstinence syndrome. David B. Thomas . 598 Pathophysiology of myalgic encephalomyelitis. P.L. Holborow 598 Edward Byrne 598 Validity of a simplified measure of participation in vigorous physical activity. Neville Owen, A.W. Sedgwick, Michael Davies. 600 Giant liposarcoma of the spermatic cord. James Kent. 600 Objective basis for ethical issues. Tom Faunce. 602 . June 6, 1988 Vol. 148 THE MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA
Expanding the knowing capability of software developers through knowledge collaboration

Because software development is a knowledge-intensive process, the support of software developers presents two equally important challenges: the establishment of a rigorous and quantifiable foundation for software systems, and a better understanding of knowledge creation processes that take place in software development. Software engineering research has traditionally focused mostly on the former challenge. Focusing on the latter challenge, this paper conceptualises software development as a knowledge-intensive and collaborative activity. This new conceptualisation leads to the argument that knowledge collaboration plays a central role in software development. The paper discusses different forms of knowledge collaboration in software development, roles that computers can play to support knowledge collaboration, and the associated technical and social challenges. It argues for the need to provide in situ and individualised support for knowledge collaboration through the approach of layered support on demand, which is illustrated with systems that we have developed.