Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examining variables related to help-seeking and victimization differences after coercive intercourse

The issue of sexual violence against women has been an area of interest to psychological researchers because of its importance and prevalence in America. A problem that has been attracting more attention recently is sexual coercion against women, especially on college campuses. Researchers have consistently found that over half of college women have been victim to coercive sexual encounters (Struckman-Johnson, Struckman-Johnson, & Anderson, 2003) making this a serious problem in need of greater understanding. Researchers have also found that sexual coercion can cause a variety of problems, yet victims typically do not seek help after these experiences (Fisher, Daigle, Cullen, & Turner, 2003; Siegel, Golding, Stein, Burnam, & Sorenson, 1990). Thus, understanding factors that can encourage sexual coercion victims to seek help is important. Additionally, researchers have reported inconsistent results regarding differences between women who have and have not experienced sexual coercion (Bernard, Bernard, & Bernard, 1985; Faulkner, Kolts, & Hicks, 2008). A clearer understanding of victimization differences would allow for greater insight into sexual coercion. The first purpose of this study was to explore if sexual assertiveness (SA), sexual self-esteem (SSE), and rape myth acceptance (RMA) predicted help-seeking behaviors in college women who had experienced coercive intercourse. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was utilized to determine whether the variables SA, SSE, and RMA predicted a significant proportion of the variance in help-seeking behaviors after a coercive experience. The second aspect of this study was to examine whether the variables of SA, SSE, and RMA differed between women who have
Impact of Emergency Department Management of Atrial Fibrillation on Hospital Charges

Introduction Emergency department (ED) cardioversion (EDCV) and discharge of patients with recent onset atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter (AF) has been shown to be a safe and effective management strategy. This study examines the impact of such aggressive ED management on hospital charges. Methods: A random sample of 300 AF patients were identified from an ED electronic data base and screened for timing of onset of their symptoms. Patients were considered eligible for EDCV if either nursing or physician notes documented an onset of symptoms less than 48 hours prior to ED presentation and the patient was less than 85 years of age. An explicit chart review was then performed to determine patient management and disposition. Cardioversion attempts were defined as ED administration of procainamide, flecainide, propafenone, ibutilide, amiodarone or direct current cardioversion (DCCV). Total hospital charges for each patient were obtained from the hospital billing office. Differences across medians were analyzed utilizing through Wilcoxon rank sum tests and chi square. Results: A total of 51 patients were included in the study. EDCV was attempted on 24 (47%) patients, 22 (92%) were successfully cardioverted to normal sinus rhythm (NSR). An additional 12 (23%) spontaneously converted to NSR. Twenty (91%) of those successfully cardioverted were discharged from the ED along with 4 (33%) of those spontaneously converting. Pharmacologic cardioverson was attempted in six patients and was successful in three (50%), one after failed DCCV attempt. Direct current cardioversion was attempted in 21 (88%) and was successful in 19 (90%), two after failed pharmacologic attempts. Median charges for patients cardioverted and discharged from the ED were $5,460 (IQR $4,677–$6,190). Median charges for admitted patients with no attempt at cardioversion were $23,202 (IQR $19,663–$46,877). Median charges for patients whose final ED rhythm was NSR were $5,641 (IQR $4,638–$12,339) while for those remaining inAF median charges were $30,299 (IQR $20,655 – $69,759). Conclusion: ED cardioversion of recent onset AF patients results in significant hospital savings.
A Comparison of Nutrient Intake and Eating Behaviors of Boys With and Without Autism

The purpose of this project was to compare the nutrient intakes and eating behaviors of boys with and without autism. Parents of 20 boys with autism and 18 controls aged 7–10 years completed an eating behaviors questionnaire and 3-day food record. There were no differences in nutrient intake between the groups. The control group consumed a greater variety of foods; boys with autism based food choices on texture to a greater degree than the boys without autism, and more parents of boys with autism indicated difficulty getting their child to eat (P < .05). Thus, eating behaviors differ between boys with and without autism.
School Security and Student Misbehavior

Despite a nationwide trend to increase security measures in schools, their effectiveness in reducing or preventing student misbehavior remains largely unexamined. In addition, there is concern that increased security may have unintended negative side effects and is applied inequitably across students of disparate racial/ethnic backgrounds. The purpose of this study was to explore student differences between high- and low-security schools and to understand the relationship of security to student misbehavior. Data from 10,577 Grade 10 students from 504 public schools from the Education Longitudinal Study were examined. Numerous differences in students served by high- and low-security schools were noted; high-security schools were more likely to serve African American students. Security was negatively associated with student self-reported misbehavior but was unrelated to teacher ratings. Security interacted with race/ethnicity such that African American students were rated as having higher levels of disruptive and attendance-related misbehavior by teachers in schools with higher levels of security.
The Mass of the Black Hole in the Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 4593 from Reverberation Mapping

We present new observations leading to an improved black hole mass estimate for the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4593 as part of a reverberation-mapping campaign conducted at the MDM Observatory. Cross-correlation analysis of the Hβ emission-line light curve with the optical continuum light curve reveals an emission-line time delay of τcent = 3.73 ± 0.75 days. By combining this time delay with the Hβ line width, we derive a central black hole mass of MBH = (9.8 ± 2.1) × 106 M☉, an improvement in precision of a factor of several over past results.
Some characteristics of mental maps: an empirical study

This paper reports on a mental mapping exercise on Durham city undertaken by three population samples- residents, visitors and summer tourists. A classification of map styles by Appleyard is applied and amended; map complexity is strongly related to sex, class and familiarity with the city. Tendency to 'good figure' also shows a positive correlation with these variables. Nearly two-thirds of the maps adopt a non-conventional orientation, for which the direction from which the city was most often approached is offered in explanation. THE term mental map is often used as one of several synonyms which refer to the cognitive or mental image of an environment held by an individual or group. It is preferable, however, to restrict the use of the term to the spatial or skeletal framework-the background to the more rounded phenomenon of the image. Parts of the image are clearly aspatial, defying allocation by spatial co-ordinate, but, equally clearly, it is logical to assume that the environment as an entity only properly or fully makes sense when the separate parts are mentally structured in some se- quential or relational context. It is that part of the respondent's data store relating to locational characteristics which is tapped in a mental mapping exercise. This is not to imply the existence of one inviolate composite map somewhere in the respondent's mind. In that the exercise is comprehensive and demanding, it is possible that respondents will be challenged to rationalize a situation which previously had lain in a dormant, even subliminal state. Indeed, it is probable that some material will be 'knitted' together for the first time. More correctly, therefore, it is the latent or potential map that is elicited by the lengthy introspection and overview required of such exercises. Recognition of this point may obviate criticism of the validity of mental maps.
Experimental neurotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil and its derivatives is due to poisoning by the monofluorinated organic metabolites, monofluoroacetic acid and alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine.

Two metabolites of 5-fluorouracil (FU), monofluoroacetic acid (FA) and alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine (FBAL), were continuously administered into the left ventricle of the brain in cats for up to 1 month to investigate the mechanism of neurotoxicity of FU and its derivatives. The cumulative doses of FU and FBAL over a 1-month period were 1.5-45 mg (20 cats) and 0.2-4.8 mg (21 cats), respectively. As controls for each experimental group, acetic acid (AA) and beta-alanine (BAL) were administered. In terms of survival time in relation to the cumulative dose and molecular weight, FBAL was more toxic than FA. Neuropathologically, two types of change, vacuoles and necrosis/softening-like change, were found. The vacuoles were 20-50 microns in diameter, and distributed mainly in the cerebellar nuclei, white matter and the tectum and tegmentum of the brain stem in both experimental groups. Electron microscopically, these vacuoles were due to splitting of the myelin intraperiod line or separation between the axon and the innermost layer of myelin. Necrosis/softening-like change occurred preferentially in the FBAL group and was located symmetrically in the superior and inferior colliculi, oculomotor nuclei and thalamus. Both types of neuropathological change, especially those in the FBAL group, were similar to those found in cats orally administered with FU and its derivatives. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Heterogeneity, Consolidation, and Intergroup Relations

The present study uses data from the first wave of an ongoing panel survey study to test some hypotheses derived from Peter M. Blau's macrostructural theory of social integration. More specifically, the tests reported in this article focus on the effects of heterogeneity on the rate of intergroup relations. According to Blau, an increase in heterogeneity contributes to an increase in social integration as measured by the rate of intergroup relations, so the more a community is differentiated by gender, the more male-female friendships there are. Blau also predicted that the effect of heterogeneity is weakened when differences along multiple lines overlap, so when gender is correlated with occupation and friends are chosen with respect to gender, there are fewer friendships between members of different occupations than there would be if gender and occupation were independent. I test these predictions against the data from the Polish Panel Survey POL PAN; its first wave was carried out in 1988 on a random and nationwide sample of 5,817 people ages twenty-one to sixty-five. The tests reported in this study use a version of Blau's theory developed by Thomas J. Fararo and John Skvoretz, who translated the original theory into a mathematical equation. The results of the tests raise doubts as to whether the theory is an accurate description of the relationship between social differentiation and integration. More specifically, the rates of marital and friendship ties with respect to several dimensions of differentiation—such as education or occupation—turn out not to be predicted adequately by the models developed by Fararo and Skvoretz.
Metabolic process engineering of Clostridium tyrobutyricum Δack–adhE2 for enhanced n‐butanol production from glucose: Effects of methyl viologen on NADH availability, flux distribution, and fermentation kinetics

Butanol biosynthesis through aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase (adhE2) is usually limited by NADH availability, resulting in low butanol titer, yield, and productivity. To alleviate this limitation and improve n‐butanol production by Clostridium tyrobutyricum Δack–adhE2 overexpressing adhE2, the NADH availability was increased by using methyl viologen (MV) as an artificial electron carrier to divert electrons from ferredoxin normally used for H2 production. In the batch fermentation with the addition of 500 μM MV, H2, acetate, and butyrate production was reduced by more than 80–90%, while butanol production increased more than 40% to 14.5 g/L. Metabolic flux analysis revealed that butanol production increased in the fermentation with MV because of increased NADH availability as a result of reduced H2 production. Furthermore, continuous butanol production of ∼55 g/L with a high yield of ∼0.33 g/g glucose and extremely low ethanol, acetate, and butyrate production was obtained in fed‐batch fermentation with gas stripping for in situ butanol recovery. This study demonstrated a stable and reliable process for high‐yield and high‐titer n‐butanol production by metabolically engineered C. tyrobutyricum by applying MV as an electron carrier to increase butanol biosynthesis. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 705–715. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Generative Adversarial Networks in Estimation of Distribution Algorithms for Combinatorial Optimization

Estimation of Distribution Algorithms (EDAs) require flexible probability models that can be efficiently learned and sampled. Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) are generative neural networks which can be trained to implicitly model the probability distribution of given data, and it is possible to sample this distribution. We integrate a GAN into an EDA and evaluate the performance of this system when solving combinatorial optimization problems with a single objective. We use several standard benchmark problems and compare the results to state-of-the-art multivariate EDAs. GAN-EDA doe not yield competitive results - the GAN lacks the ability to quickly learn a good approximation of the probability distribution. A key reason seems to be the large amount of noise present in the first EDA generations.
Repeatability and Reproducibility of Foveal Avascular Zone Area Measurements Using AngioPlex Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Healthy Subjects

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area measurements using AngioPlex spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography in normal subjects. Methods: Twenty-two healthy subjects (25 eyes) underwent FAZ area measurements with AngioPlex OCT. Each volunteer was separately examined 3 consecutive times by the 2 experienced observers. The FAZ area was measured using ImageJ software. Intraobserver repeatability was evaluated by calculating the coefficient of variation (CoV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Interobserver reproducibility was also assessed using the Bland-Altman test and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Results: The FAZ areas were measured as 0.373 ± 0.109 and 0.377 ± 0.112 mm2 by observers 1 and 2, respectively. The repeatability assessment of the FAZ area measurements yielded CoV values of 0.029 and 0.034 and ICC values of 0.997 and 0.996 by observers 1 and 2, respectively. The mean difference between the 2 observers was 0.004. CCC values ranged from 0.9705 to 0.9844. Conclusions: The FAZ area measurements obtained using AngioPlex OCT showed a good repeatability and reproducibility in healthy subjects. Excellent reliability makes AngioPlex OCT a valid device for measuring the FAZ area.
Combining experiments and modelling to understand size regulation in Dictyostelium discoideum

Little is known about how the sizes of specific organs and tissues are regulated. To try to understand these mechanisms, we have been using a combination of modelling and experiments to study the simple system Dictyostelium discoideum, which forms approximately 20 000 cell groups. We found that cells secrete a factor, and as the number of cells increases, the concentration of the factor increases. Diffusion calculations indicated that this lets cells sense the local cell density. Computer simulations predicted, and experiments then showed, that this factor decreases cell–cell adhesion and increases random cell motility. In a group, adhesion forces keep cells together, while random motility forces cause cells to pull apart and separate from each other. As the group size increases above a threshold, the factor concentration goes above a threshold and the cells switch from an adhered state to a separated state. This causes excessively large groups to break apart and/or dissipate, creating an upper limit to group size. In this review, we focus on how computer simulations made testable predictions that led the way to understanding the size regulation mechanism mediated by this factor.
The Over-Expression of Two Transcription Factors, ABS5/bHLH30 and ABS7/MYB101, Leads to Upwardly Curly Leaves

Proper leaf development is essential for plant growth and development, and leaf morphogenesis is under the control of intricate networks of genetic and environmental cues. We are interested in dissecting these regulatory circuits genetically and report here the isolation of two Arabidopsis dominant mutants, abnormal shoot5-1D (abs5-1D) and abs7-1D identified through activation tagging screens. Both abs5-1D and abs7-1D display an intriguing upwardly curly leaf phenotype. Molecular cloning showed that the elevated expression of a bHLH transcription factor ABS5/T5L1/bHLH30 or a MYB transcription factor ABS7/MYB101 is the cause for the abnormal leaf phenotypes found in abs5-1D or abs7-1D, respectively. Protoplast transient expression assays confirmed that both ABS5/T5L1 and ABS7/MYB101 are targeted to the nucleus. Interestingly, the expression domains of auxin response reporter DR5::GUS were abnormal in leaves of abs5-1D and ABS5/T5L1 over-expression lines. Moreover, cotyledon venation analysis showed that more areoles and free-ending veins are formed in abs5-1D. We found that the epidermis-specific expressions of ABS5/T5L1 or ABS7/MYB101 driven by the Arabidopsis Meristem Layer 1 promoter (PAtML1) were sufficient to recapitulate the curly leaf phenotype of abs5-1D or abs7-1D. In addition, PAtML1::ABS5 lines exhibited similar changes in DR5::GUS expression patterns as those found in 35S-driven ABS5/T5L1 over-expression lines. Our work demonstrated that enhanced expressions of two transcription factors, ABS5/T5L1 and ABS7/MYB101, are able to alter leaf lamina development and reinforce the notion that leaf epidermis plays critical roles in regulating plant organ morphogenesis.
Subsidies and the demand for individual health insurance in California.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the effect of changes in premiums for individual insurance on decisions to purchase individual insurance and how this price response varies among subgroups of the population. DATA SOURCE Survey responses from the Current Population Survey (http://www.bls.census.gov/cps/cpsmain.htm), the Survey of Income and Program Participation (http://www.sipp.census.gov/sipp), the National Health Interview Survey (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm), and data about premiums and plans offered in the individual insurance market in California, 1996-2001. STUDY DESIGN A logit model was used to estimate the decisions to purchase individual insurance by families without access to group insurance. This was modeled as a function of premiums, controlling for family characteristics and other characteristics of the market. A multinomial model was used to estimate the choice between group coverage, individual coverage, and remaining uninsured for workers offered group coverage as a function of premiums for individual insurance and out-of-pocket costs of group coverage. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The elasticity of demand for individual insurance by those without access to group insurance is about -. 2 to -. 4, as has been found in earlier studies. However, there are substantial differences in price responses among subgroups with low-income, young, and self-employed families showing the greatest response. Among workers offered group insurance, a decrease in individual premiums has very small effects on the choice to purchase individual coverage versus group coverage. CONCLUSIONS Subsidy programs may make insurance more affordable for some families, but even sizeable subsidies are unlikely to solve the problem of the uninsured. We do not find evidence that subsidies to individual insurance will produce an unraveling of the employer-based health insurance system.
De-biasing user preference ratings in recommender systems completed research paper

Prior research has shown that online recommendations have significant influence on users’ preference ratings and economic behavior. Specifically, the self-reported preference rating (for a specific consumed item) that is submitted by a user to a recommender system can be affected (i.e., distorted) by the previously observed system’s recommendation. As a result, anchoring (or anchoring-like) biases reflected in user ratings not only provide a distorted view of user preferences but also contaminate inputs of recommender systems, leading to decreased quality of future recommendations. This research explores two approaches to removing anchoring biases from self-reported consumer ratings. The first proposed approach is based on a computational post-hoc de-biasing algorithm that systematically adjusts the user-submitted ratings that are known to be biased. The second approach is a user-interface-driven solution that tries to minimize anchoring biases at rating collection time. Our empirical investigation explicitly demonstrates the impact of biased vs. unbiased ratings on recommender systems’ predictive performance. It also indicates that the post-hoc algorithmic de-biasing approach is very problematic, most likely due to the fact that the anchoring effects can manifest themselves very differently for different users and items. This further emphasizes the importance of proactively avoiding anchoring biases at the time of rating collection. Further, through laboratory experiments, we demonstrate that certain interface designs of recommender systems are more advantageous than others in effectively reducing anchoring biases.
An Ecological Analysis of School Engagement Among Urban, Low-Income Latino Adolescents

This study examined a multidimensional model of school engagement (Fredricks, Blumenfeld, & Paris, 2004) among low-income, urban Latino adolescents. Ecological theory suggests that students’ school, family, and peer contexts influence their behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement. Using qualitative methods of inquiry, this study examined how these various microsystemic factors influenced the school engagement of 32 Latino adolescents. Participants between 18 and 20 years of age participated in interviews focused on their retrospective experiences in high school. Participants identified school, family, and peer themes that facilitated or hindered various components of school engagement. Youth discussed how school and peer factors affected all three dimensions of school engagement, while family affected behavioral and cognitive engagement. Understanding processes involved in high school completion will aid in designing effective policies and programs to reduce dropout rates among Latino youth.