Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in Patterns of Teacher Interaction in Primary Classrooms: 1976‐96

For the past two decades there has been persistent controversy regarding the effectiveness of the different teaching methods used in the English primary classroom. One of the earliest studies of the primary classroom, the ORACLE study, described the typical behaviours of teachers and pupils. Since that time there have been various interventions designed ‘to change the way that primary teachers teach’. The research reported here evaluates the success of these interventions by replicating the work of 20 years ago by using the same observation methods in some of the same schools.
High‐dose cisplatin with dacarbazine and tamoxifen in the treatment of metastatic melanoma

In an attempt to increase the antitumor effect of cisplatin (50 mg/m2) and dacarbazine (350 mg/m2), each repeated on days 1 to 3 every 4 weeks in patients with metastatic melanoma, tamoxifen was added to the regimen. Before the first course of chemotherapy, the patients received a loading dose of tamoxifen (100 mg orally twice a day for 7 days), followed by a maintenance dose of 10 mg orally twice a day and continued throughout the treatment. Aspirin (325 mg orally every other day) was administered at the same time as the tamoxifen in an attempt to reduce the risk of thromboembolic events. The activity of high-dose cisplatin with dacarbazine and tamoxifen was disappointing. Of 23 evaluable patients, only three responded--an overall response rate of 13% (95% confidence limits, 0% to 27%). These responses consisted of one pathologic complete remission in a patient with nodal metastases, one clinical complete remission in a patient with a very large pelvic mass, and one partial response in another patient with nodal metastases. The duration of responses was 12+, 4, and 4 months, respectively. These data do not support a significant interaction between tamoxifen and cisplatin or dacarbazine. Assuming that tamoxifen is important in the cisplatin, dacarbazine, and carmustine combination, as suggested by others, the most relevant interaction may be between tamoxifen and carmustine.
Is there a home advantage in school readiness for young children? Trends in parent engagement in cognitive activities with young children, 1991–2001

The desire to understand the home advantage has spurred a large body of research describing the contribution of differences in family background and parenting styles to school readiness and the achievement gap. Using the National Household Education Survey at two time points provides a fuller picture of the trends in parenting and cognitive activities with young children before the onset of formal schooling. The results presented here show that although more educated parents participate more in cognitive activities with their young children in 1991 and 2001, participation is increasing for all parents. This is true for a widely expected parental activity, reading to your child, and for a direct instruction activity, teaching letters, words, and numbers. It is also true for the more creative activities of music, arts and crafts, and telling stories. Contrary to images of some families as deficient and others as overly exuberant, all families in this sample are increasing engagement with their young children in a range of cognitive activities aimed at school readiness because parents as well as children get socialized to the culture of schooling. Modern American schooling requires parents to be engaged in the education process of their children and attempt to create advantage for them.
Strategic Orientation and Social Enterprise Performance

Even though previous research indicates that an organization’s pursuit of strategic orientation (SO) has positive effects on its performance, we have deepened and expanded our understanding of how this concept can also be applied to social enterprises (SEs). Using data collected from British and Japanese social enterprises, we examined the mediating roles of market effectiveness and consumer satisfaction in both the social and commercial domains with regard to SO effects on performance, as well as how performance in one aspect of practice positively moderates the impact of SO behavior in another. The results contribute to the development of a theory for understanding the concept of SO associated with social enterprise performance. More generally, this article contributes to the ongoing efforts to understand the strategic management aspect of social enterprises.
Neutrophils regulate the lung inflammatory response via γδ T cell infiltration in an experimental mouse model of human metapneumovirus infection

Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in human circulation. They are the first immune cell population recruited to the sites of infection. However, the role of neutrophils to regulate host immune responses during respiratory viral infections is largely unknown. To elucidate the role of neutrophils in respiratory antiviral defense, we used an experimental mouse model of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infection. HMPV, a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, is a leading respiratory pathogen causing severe symptoms, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia, in young, elderly, and immunocompromised patients. We demonstrate that neutrophils are the predominant population of immune cells recruited into the lungs after HMPV infection. This led us to hypothesize that neutrophils represent a key player of the immune response during HMPV infection, thereby regulating HMPV‐induced lung pathogenesis. Specific depletion of neutrophils in vivo using a mAb and simultaneous infection with HMPV exhibited higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, pulmonary inflammation, and severe clinical disease compared with HMPV‐infected, competent mice. Interestingly, the lack of neutrophils altered γδ T cell accumulation in the lung. The absence of γδ T cells during HMPV infection led to reduced pulmonary inflammation. These novel findings demonstrate that neutrophils play a critical role in controlling HMPV‐induced inflammatory responses by regulating γδ T cell infiltration to the site of infection.
Simulation of the Roll-Forming Process for the Determination of the Relevant Residual Stresses of Cold-Formed Steel Members

The uprights for pallet rack systems are usually thin-walled open cold-formed steel sections. Their behaviour under compression can be analysed experimentally, analytically or by finite element simulation. In the finite element simulation usually material non linearity, large displacements and initial geometric imperfections are introduced. But until now, the effect of the residual stresses due to the forming process, is usually non considered. With the aim of introducing these stresses in the finite element simulation, our group has started to simulate the roll-forming of open steel sections. In this paper we present our first experiences in the simulation of roll-forming of U-, C- and trapezoidal sections, some comparisons with experimental data available in the literature and the first results of the forming of a medium load upright section.
Heterologous Expression of Human VEGF165 in Rat Brain: Dose-Dependent, Heterogeneous Effects on CBF in Relation to Vascular Density and Cross-Sectional Area

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces increased vessel permeability and formation of abnormal vessels. To investigate cerebral blood flow (CBF) during local overexpression of VEGF recombinant adenoviruses carrying the human VEGF165 complementary DNA (2.3 to 23 · 108 pfu/mL) were injected stereotactically into the caudate nucleus of anesthetized rats. Saline and adenoviruses carrying the β-galactosidase gene served as controls. Eleven days later (1) size and density of vessels were assessed in hematoxylin–eosin–stained sections, (2) vascular permeability was measured by intravenous Evans blue injections, and (3) local CBF (lCBF) was quantified using the iodo-[14C]antipyrine technique. Dose-dependent increases were found in (1) vessel density and size (only vessels >43 μm could be quantified morphologically), (2) Evans blue extravasation and brain edema formation, and (3) lCBF (up to eightfold). At medium doses, hyperemic areas and smaller areas of decreased lCBF were found. In low flow areas, vascular cross-sectional areas were increased 223-fold and vessel density up to 10-fold. In high flow areas, these parameters were increased 32-fold and up to 15-fold, respectively. Adenovirus mediated VEGF overexpression results in (1) increased vessel size and density, (2) areas of increased and of decreased flow, and (3) more and smaller vessels in high flow than in low flow areas. These results indicate a diverging flow pattern of newly formed vessels.
The Influence of Student Characteristics on the Effectiveness of Simulations in the Principles Course.

Finding weaknesses in the designs of earlier research projects dealing with the effectiveness of simulation games, Fraas has developed a different approach to evaluating this teaching technique. This article reports on a controlled experiment in which the hybrid TUCE was used to measure the knowledge of experimental and control groups. Fraas hypothesized that “some types of students do better when taught by lecture-discussion. ” He concluded that the “effectiveness of each method of instruction depends on certain student characteristics …” These characteristics are identified, and his research model is explained.
Teacher motivation to implement an educational innovation: factors differentiating users and non-users of cooperative learning

This study applied expectancy theory to integrate the numerous and disparate explanations that researchers and educators have proposed to account for teacher resistance to implementing cooperative learning as an educational innovation. The cooperative learning implementation questionnaire (CLIQ) contained 48 items grouped under three broad motivational categories: perceived value of the innovation, expectancy of success, and perceived cost. These items accounted for 42.3% of the total variance in self-reported use of cooperative learning among 933 teachers. Expectancy of success issues were most important in differentiating users and non-users, suggesting that increased emphasis on professional development should be used to enhance teachers' beliefs that they can succeed in implementing an innovation in their own context. This may require both follow-up support and adaptation of the innovation.
The Sequence of Musical Development: A Study of Children's Composition

A musical development sequence is proposed based on the psycho-logical concepts of mastery, imitation, imaginative play and meta-cognition, drawing on the work of Moog, Piaget and the observations of British writers. An interpretation of over seven hundred children's compositions is undertaken yielding an eight-mode spiral of development that may have consequences for music teaching; for overall music curriculum planning, for appropriate responses to individuals, for generating progression in a session or project.
[Tumours of the accessory salivary glands. Epidemiological and anatomopathological aspects].

INTRODUCTION Several series of studies on the tumours of the accessory salivary glands have shed light on their anatomopathological and epidemiological aspects in Western countries. Only a few studies of this kind have been carried out in our countries. OBJECTIVES To study the anatomopathological and epidemiological aspects of the accessory salivary glands in order to compare the literature data. METHODOLOGY This is an analytic, descriptive and retrospective study conducted over a period of 10 years at the ENT and the Anatomo-pathology Departments of the CHU in Lomé. RESULTS Tumours of the salivary glands represented in our study 17.19% of the ORL tumours. Tumours of the accessory salivary glands represented 71.43% of tumours of the salivary glands. Benign tumours represented 71.43% and malignant tumours 21.43%. Women were more affected than men. The average age of appearance of benign tumours was 47.87 years for men and 31.91 year for women. The average age of appearance of malignant tumours was 38 years far the women. The commonest site was the palate. The majority of benign tumours were pleomorphic adenomas. Adenoid cystic carcinoma was the principal malignant tumor. CONCLUSION Pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma were the principal tumours of the accessory salivary glands. The commonest site was the palate. Women were more affected than men. The average age of appearance of malignant tumours was seven years later than benign tumours. (full article translated in English available on www.ent-review.com).
Fears and Phobias in Children: Phenomenology, Epidemiology, and Aetiology

We examine the phenomenology, epidemiology, and aetiology of specific phobias in this brief review. In general terms, a specific phobia exists when fear of a specific object or situation is exaggerated, cannot be reasoned away, results in avoidance of the feared object or situation, persists over time, and is not age-specific. Specific phobias occur in about 5% of children and in approximately 15% of children referred for anxiety-related problems. Most of these children are comorbid with other disorders. We suggest that specific phobias are multiply determined and over-determined. Genetic influences, temperamental predispositions, parental psychopathology, parenting practices, and individual conditioning histories converge to occasion the development and maintenance of childhood phobias. Inasmuch as any one specific phobia is acquired and maintained through such complex processes, we further conclude that treatment approaches will need to address these multiple dimensions before evidence-based treatments can be fully realised.
Gender and feminine identities – women as managers in a UK academic institution

The paper considers gender identities in higher education. It examines how people involved in university life engage in (re)creating gender identities and in (re)producing gender-related expectations (and stereotypes) of managerial behaviour. The process of construction of feminine identities is explored through the discourses of academics from a UK university (mainly women who hold managerial positions). The paper reports findings from a series of in-depth interviews with women managers (dean, associate deans and heads of departments) and with university academics (men and women) from a Business School, part of a large British new university. The school was of special interest because women held the majority of senior managerial posts. It appears that the process of construction of femininities is mainly developed around four (stereo-)typical aspects generally associated with feminine management practices (multi-tasking, supporting and nurturing, people and communication skills, and team-work).
Estimating disturbances and model uncertainty in model validation for robust control

Deterministic approaches to model validation for robust control are investigated. In common deterministic model validation approaches, a trade-off between disturbances and model uncertainty is present, resulting in an ill-posed problem. In this paper, an approach to model validation is presented that attempts to remedy the ill-posedness. By employing accurate, non-parametric, deterministic disturbance models in conjunction with enforcing averaging properties of deterministic disturbances, a novel framework enabling model validation for robust control is obtained. The approach results in a realistically estimated model uncertainty and a disturbance model, and is illustrated in a simulation example.
Antecedents of Buyer Commitment : An Empirical Study of Metal Industry

: This article presentstheresultsof an empiricalstudyoftheantecedent factorsofbusiness relationshipsin metal industry. Themajorantecedent factors of buyer commitment suchas technology,Clalt, transaction-specificassets,andimportancewereidentified andexplored from theperspectiveofstructuralbonding. Researchhypothesesweredevelopedand tested by usingsurveydata. In general,theresultsindicatethatstructuralbondinggivesa critical impacton thelevel ofrelationshipcommitment. Managerialimplicationsandlimitationsof thestudyarealsodiscussed.
Efficient construction of fixed-stride multibit tries for IP lookup

Srinivasan and Varghese (1999) have proposed the use of multibit tries to represent routing tables used for Internet (IP) address lookups. They propose an O(k*W/sup 2/) time dynamic programming algorithm to determine the strides of an optimal k-level multibit fixed-stride trie when the longest prefix in the routing table has length W. The authors improve on this algorithm by providing an alternative dynamic programming formulation. While the asymptotic complexity of the resulting algorithm for fixed-stride tries is the same as that of the algorithm of Srinivasan and Varghese, experiments using real IPv4 routing table data indicate that their algorithm runs 2 to 4 times as fast.
How to raise commitment in public university lecturers

The purpose of this article is to qualify the hypothesis that states that the presence of committed workers contributes to organizational success. So, it is necessary to clarify first of all what type of commitment and what kind of success is meant. The article then examines which variables the organization needs to act upon in order to influence it. A survey questionnaire was developed and distributed to academic staff at a public university in Spain. Data were analyzed using two ordered logit models, one for each type of commitment analyzed: affective commitment and continuance commitment. Analysis of the data shows that personal variables have a positive impact on affective commitment, and, while job-related characteristics do not appear to be significant, group variables such as working atmosphere have a positive impact. With respect to continuance commitment, age proved to be negatively significant and possession of a doctorate has a positive influence. The variables used to capture available opportunities to leave the organization are negatively significant. Points for practitioners The results that emerge can help educational managers to understand the predictors of the different types of commitment and design effective human resource policies. The empirical application is carried out in an organization within the services sector, specifically, a public university in Spain. A further contribution is the incorporation of variables from all categories or groups of antecedents, which permits a thorough diagnosis.
Alveolar macrophages and CC chemokines are increased in children with cystic fibrosis

Airway inflammation is an important component of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. We sought to determine whether alveolar macrophages were involved in early CF lung disease. Children with CF (median age 3.1 yrs) participated in a surveillance programme that included annual bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Control samples were obtained from non-CF children (median age 3.1 yrs; n = 24) investigated for persistent respiratory symptoms. Pulmonary infection was detected in 31% (16 out of 51) and 38% (nine out of 24) of children from the CF and non-CF groups, respectively. Alveolar macrophages in BAL were increased in CF compared with non-CF in the absence of infection (223×103 versus 85×103 cells·mL−1; p = 0.001) and were associated with elevations in the CC chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-3α (chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)20; 355.8 versus 46.0 pg·mL−1; p<0.001), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (CCL2; 263.5 versus 25.3 pg·mL−1; p<0.001), MIP-1α (CCL3; 38.2 versus 4.9 pg·mL−1; p<0.001) and MIP-1β (CCL4; 326.6 versus 27.5 pg·mL−1; p<0.001)). Total cell counts and neutrophil numbers increased in the presence of infection; however, there was no additional effect of CF. Alveolar macrophages and CC chemokines are elevated in the lungs in young children with CF even in the absence of pulmonary infection. Longitudinal studies are required to determine the clinical relevance of these findings.
Rehabilitation of Topographical Disorientation: An Experimental Single Case Study

Patients with topographical disorientation characteristically have difficulty in finding their way from one location to another, despite intact basic visual processes. Topographical disorientation can be a feature of diffuse cognitive impairment (e.g. in dementia) or it can have a focal presentation, with other neuropsychological functions relatively intact. The present study examines the effects of a rehabilitation programme on the topographical functioning of a 46-year-old female patient, KL, who presented with relatively isolated symptoms of topographical disorientation of recentonset. According to recentresearch, such symptoms may resultfrom the breakdown of a single neuropsychological process or from the combined effects of several impairments. The latter appears to be the case for KL, whose topographical symptoms appeared to be related to impairment of some aspects of both memory and space perception/cognition. Intervention focused only on KL's difficulty in acquiring new topographical information, .
A functional genetic variation of adenosine deaminase affects the duration and intensity of deep sleep in humans

Slow, rhythmic oscillations (<5 Hz) in the sleep electroencephalogram may be a sign of synaptic plasticity occurring during sleep. The oscillations, referred to as slow-wave activity (SWA), reflect sleep need and sleep intensity. The amount of SWA is homeostatically regulated. It is enhanced after sleep loss and declines during sleep. Animal studies suggested that sleep need is genetically controlled, yet the physiological mechanisms remain unknown. Here we show in humans that a genetic variant of adenosine deaminase, which is associated with the reduced metabolism of adenosine to inosine, specifically enhances deep sleep and SWA during sleep. In contrast, a distinct polymorphism of the adenosine A2A receptor gene, which was associated with interindividual differences in anxiety symptoms after caffeine intake in healthy volunteers, affects the electroencephalogram during sleep and wakefulness in a non-state-specific manner. Our findings indicate a direct role of adenosine in human sleep homeostasis. Moreover, our data suggest that genetic variability in the adenosinergic system contributes to the interindividual variability in brain electrical activity during sleep and wakefulness.