Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Fine Structure of Some Blood Vessels of the Earthworm, Eisenia foetida

The fine structure of the main dorsal and ventral circulatory trunks and of the subneural vessels and capillaries of the ventral nerve cord of the earthworm, Eisenia foetida, has been studied with the electron microscope. All of these vessels are lined internally by a continuous extracellular basement membrane varying in thickness (0.03 to 1 µ) with the vessel involved. The dorsal, ventral, and subneural vessels display inside this membrane scattered flattened macrophagic or leucocytic cells called amebocytes. These lie against the inner lining of the basement membrane, covering only a small fraction of its surface. They have long, attenuated branching cell processes. All of these vessels are lined with a continuous layer of unfenestrated endothelial cells displaying myofilaments and hence qualifying for the designation of "myoendothelial cells. " The degree of muscular specialization varies over a spectrum, however, ranging from a delicate endowment of thin myofilaments in the capillary myoendothelial cells to highly specialized myoendothelial cells in the main pulsating dorsal blood trunk, which serves as the worm's "heart" or propulsive "aorta. " The myoendothelial cells most specialized for contraction display well organized sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofibrils with thick and thin myofilaments resembling those of the earthworm body wall musculature. In the ventral circulatory trunk, circular and longitudinal myofilaments are found in each myoendothelial cell. In the dorsal trunk, the lining myoendothelial cells contain longitudinal myofilaments. Outside these cells are circular muscle cells. The lateral parts of the dorsal vessels have an additional outer longitudinal muscle layer. The blood plasma inside all of the vessels shows scattered particles representing the circulating earthworm blood pigment, erythrocruorin.
Resilient open heart : an exploration of compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and spiritual practice with end of life and palliative care clinicians

This quantitative study sought to explore how participation in spiritual practice related to self-reported levels of compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction amongst a sample of 55 mental health clinicians in the end of life and palliative care field (EOLPC). The study used an online questionnaire to assess for levels and types of participation in spiritual practice. Additionally, the study utilized the Professional Quality of Life Scale Version V to measure compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and burnout. The findings of this study demonstrated that participants had lower than average levels of compassion fatigue and burnout. Participant levels of compassion satisfaction were moderate and within average ranges. The majority of the sample identified as participating in various forms of frequent spiritual practice. Participants found that these forms of spiritual practice supported their EOLPC clinical work. The findings from this study indicate a need for further research to examine additional factors that may support EOLPC mental health clinicians to thrive in their professional and personal lives. RESILIENT OPEN HEART: AN EXPLORATION OF COMPASSION FATIGUE, COMPASSION SATISFACTION, AND SPIRITUAL PRACTICE WITH END OF LIFE AND PALLIATIVE CARE CLINICIANS A project based upon an independent investigation, submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Work. Nathalie J. Rodríguez Smith College School for Social Work Northampton, MA 01063 2016
The Dense k Subgraph problem

Given a graph G = (V,E) and a parameter k, we consider the problem of finding a subset U in V of size k that maximizes the number of induced edges (DkS). We improve upon the previously best known approximation ratio for DkS, a ratio that has not seen any progress during the last decade. Specifically, we improve the approximation ratio from n^{0.32258} to n^{0.3159}. The improved ratio is obtained by studying a variant to the DkS problem in which one considers the problem of finding a subset U in V of size at most k that maximizes the number of induced edges. Finally, we study the DkS variant in which one considers the problem of finding a subset U in V of size at least k that maximizes the number of induced edges.
Co-infections of Malaria and Geohelminthiasis in Two Rural Communities of Nkassomo and Vian in the Mfou Health District, Cameroon

Background Human co-infection with malaria and helmimths is ubiquitous throughout Africa. Nevertheless, its public health significance on malaria severity remains poorly understood. Methodology/Principal Findings To contribute to a better understanding of epidemiology and control of this co-infection in Cameroon, a cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the prevalence of concomitant intestinal geohelminthiasis and malaria, and to evaluate its association with malaria and anaemia in Nkassomo and Vian. Finger prick blood specimens from a total of 263 participants aged 1–95 years were collected for malaria microscopy, assessment of haemoglobin levels, and molecular identification of Plasmodium species by PCR. Fresh stool specimens were also collected for the identification and quantification of geohelminths by the Kato-Katz method. The prevalence of malaria, geohelminths, and co-infections were 77.2%, 28.6%, and 22.1%, respectively. Plasmodium falciparum was the only malaria parasite species identified with mean parasite density of 111 (40; 18,800) parasites/µl of blood. The geohelminths found were Ascaris lumbricoides (21.6%) and Trichuris trichiura (10.8%), with mean parasite densities of 243 (24; 3,552) and 36 (24; 96) eggs/gram of faeces, respectively. Co-infections of A. lumbricoides and P. falciparum were the most frequent and correlated positively. While no significant difference was observed on the prevalences of single and co-infections between the two localities, there was a significant difference in the density of A. lumbricoides infection between the two localities. The overall prevalence of anaemia was 42%, with individuals co-infected with T. trichiura and P. falciparum (60%) being the most at risk. While the prevalence of malaria and anaemia were inversely related to age, children aged 5–14 years were more susceptible to geohelminthiasis and their co-infections with malaria. Conclusion/Significance Co-existence of geohelminths and malaria parasites in Nkassomo and Vian enhances the occurrence of co-infections, and consequently, increases the risk for anaemia.
Clonorchis sinensis Co-infection Could Affect the Disease State and Treatment Response of HBV Patients

Background Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) is considered to be an important parasitic zoonosis because it infects approximately 35 million people, while approximately 15 million were distributed in China. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health issue. Two types of pathogens have the potential to cause human liver disease and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. Concurrent infection with HBV and C. sinensis is often observed in some areas where C. sinensis is endemic. However, whether C. sinensis could impact HBV infection or vice versa remains unknown. Principal Findings Co-infection with C. sinensis and HBV develops predominantly in males. Co-infected C. sinensis and HBV patients presented weaker liver function and higher HBV DNA titers. Combination treatment with antiviral and anti-C. sinensis drugs in co-infected patients could contribute to a reduction in viral load and help with liver function recovery. Excretory-secretory products (ESPs) may, in some ways, increase HBV viral replication in vitro. A mixture of ESP and HBV positive sera could induce peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to produce higher level of Th2 cytokines including IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 compared to HBV alone, it seems that due to presence of ESP, the cytokine production shift towards Th2. C. sinensis/HBV co-infected patients showed higher serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels and lower serum IFN-γ levels. Conclusions/Significance Patients with concomitant C. sinensis and HBV infection presented weaker liver function and higher HBV DNA copies. In co-infected patients, the efficacy of anti-viral treatment was better in patients who were prescribed with entecavir and praziquantel than entecavir alone. One possible reason for the weaker response to antiviral therapies in co-infected patients was the shift in cytokine production from Th1 to Th2 that may inhibit viral clearance. C. sinensis/HBV co-infection could exacerbate the imbalance of Th1/Th2 cytokine.
Capacity-Achieving Codes With Bounded Graphical Complexity and Maximum Likelihood Decoding

In this paper, the existence of capacity-achieving codes for memoryless binary-input output-symmetric (MBIOS) channels under maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding with bounded graphical complexity is investigated. Graphical complexity of a code is defined as the number of edges in the graphical representation of the code per information bit and is proportional to the decoding complexity per information bit per iteration under iterative decoding. Irregular repeat-accumulate (IRA) codes are studied first. Utilizing the asymptotic average weight distribution (AAWD) of these codes and invoking Divsalar's bound on the binary-input additive white Gaussian noise (BIAWGN) channel, it is shown that simple nonsystematic IRA ensembles outperform systematic IRA and regular low-density parity-check (LDPC) ensembles with the same graphical complexity, and are at most 0.124 dB away from the Shannon limit. However, a conclusive result as to whether these nonsystematic IRA codes can really achieve capacity cannot be reached. Motivated by this inconclusive result, a new family of codes is proposed, called low-density parity-check and generator matrix (LDPC-GM) codes, which are serially concatenated codes with an outer LDPC code and an inner low-density generator matrix (LDGM) code. It is shown that these codes can achieve capacity on any MBIOS channel using ML decoding and also achieve capacity on any BEC using belief propagation (BP) decoding, both with bounded graphical complexity. Moreover, it is shown that, under certain conditions, these capacity-achieving codes have linearly increasing minimum distances and achieve the asymptotic Gilbert-Varshamov bound for all rates.
Proportional Hazards Models: a Latent-risks Approach

We propose a novel semiparametric version of the widely used proportional hazards survival model. Features include an arbitarily rich class of continuous baseline hazards, an attractive epidemiological interpretation of the hazard as a latent competing risk model and trivial handling of censoring. Models are tted using a data augmentation scheme. The methodology is applied to a data set recording time to rst hospitalization following clinical diagnosis of AIDS for a sample of 169 patients.
Calcium‐Dependent Dissociation of Synaptotagmin from Synaptic SNARE Complexes

Abstract: The formation of the synaptic core (SNARE) complex constitutes a crucial step in synaptic vesicle fusion at the nerve terminal. The interaction of synaptotagmin I with this complex potentially provides a means of conferring Ca2+‐dependent regulation of exocytosis. However, the subcellular compartments in which interactions occur and their modulation by Ca2+ influx remain obscure. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)‐resistant core complexes, associated with synaptotagmin I, were enriched in rat brain fractions containing plasma membranes and docked synaptic vesicles. Depolarization of synaptosomes triggered [3H]GABA release and Ca2+‐dependent dissociation of synaptotagmin from the core complex. In perforated synaptosomes, synaptotagmin dissociation was induced by Ca2+ (30‐300 μM) but not Sr2+ (1 mM); it apparently required intact membrane bilayers but did not result in disassembly of trimeric SNARE complexes. Synaptotagmin was not associated with unstable v‐SNARE/t‐SNARE complexes, present in fractions containing synaptic vesicles and cytoplasm. These complexes acquired SDS resistance when N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive fusion protein (NSF) was inhibited with N‐ethylmaleimide or adenosine 5′‐O‐(3‐thiotriphosphate), suggesting that constitutive SNARE complex disassembly occurs in undocked synaptic vesicles. Our findings are consistent with models in which the Ca2+‐triggered release of synaptotagmin precedes vesicle fusion. NSF may then dissociate ternary core complexes captured by endocytosis and recycle/prime individual SNARE proteins.
EmpaTweet: Annotating and Detecting Emotions on Twitter

The rise of micro-blogging in recent years has resulted in significant access to emotion-laden text. Unlike emotion expressed in other textual sources (e.g., blogs, quotes in newswire, email, product reviews, or even clinical text), micro-blogs differ by (1) placing a strict limit on length, resulting radically in new forms of emotional expression, and (2) encouraging users to express their daily thoughts in real-time, often resulting in far more emotion statements than might normally occur. In this paper, we introduce a corpus collected from Twitter with annotated micro-blog posts (or tweets) annotated at the tweet-level with seven emotions: ANGER, DISGUST, FEAR, JOY, LOVE, SADNESS, and SURPRISE. We analyze how emotions are distributed in the data we annotated and compare it to the distributions in other emotion-annotated corpora. We also used the annotated corpus to train a classifier that automatically discovers the emotions in tweets. In addition, we present an analysis of the linguistic style used for expressing emotions our corpus. We hope that these observations will lead to the design of novel emotion detection techniques that account for linguistic style and psycholinguistic theories.
Trust and knowledge sharing in green supply chains

Purpose – The paper aims to examine how trust interacts with factors affecting interorganizational knowledge sharing in green supply chains, where cooperation and competition coexist.Design/methodology/approach – A new research model is developed which comprises nine constructs and 13 research hypotheses, with trust as a mediating construct. The nine constructs are measured by well‐supported measures in the literature. The hypotheses are tested on data collected from 288 major green manufacturing firms in Taiwan, using structural equation modeling.Findings – The paper finds that trust is the pivot of the factors influencing interorganizational knowledge sharing. The more a factor contributes to trust positively (such as participation and communication) or negatively (such as opportunistic behavior), the more the factor contributes to knowledge sharing correspondingly. The factors with no significant influence on trust (such as shared values and learning capacity) have no or less influence on knowledge sha.
A Concept-Based Integer Linear Programming Approach for Single-Document Summarization

Automatic single-document summarization is a process that receives a single input document and outputs a condensed version with only the most relevant information. This paper proposes an unsupervised concept-based approach for singledocument summarization using Integer Linear Programming (ILP). Such an approach maximizes the coverage of the important concepts in the summary, avoiding redundancy, and taking into consideration some readability aspects of the generated summary as well. A new weighting method that combines both coverage and position of the sentences is proposed to estimate the importance of a concept. Moreover, a weighted distribution strategy that prioritizes sentences at the beginning of the document if they have relevant concepts is investigated. The readability of the generated summaries is improved by the inclusion of constraints into the ILP model to avoid dangling coreferences and breaks in the normal discourse flow of the document. Experimental results on the DUC 2001-2002 and the CNN corpora demonstrated that the proposed approach is competitive with state-of-the-art summarizers evaluated regarding the traditional ROUGE scores.
Increasing interactivity in lectures using an electronic voting system

An overview of the experience of the opening two years of an institution-wide project in introducing electronic voting equipment for lectures is presented. Eight different departments and a wide range of group size (up to 300) saw some use. An important aspect of this is the organizational one of addressing the whole institution, rather than a narrower disciplinary base. The mobility of the equipment, the generality of the educational analysis, and the technical support provided contributed to this. Evaluations of each use identified (formatively) the weakest spots and the most common benefits, and also (summatively) showed that learners almost always saw this as providing a net benefit to them. Various empirical indications support the theoretical view that learning benefits depend upon putting the pedagogy (not the technology) at the focus of attention in each use. Perceived benefits tended to increase as lecturers became more experienced in exploiting the approach. The most promising pedagogical approaches appear to be Interactive Engagement (launching peer discussions), and Contingent Teaching ‐ designing sessions not as fixed scripts but to zero in on using diagnostic questions on the points that the particular audience most needs on this occasion.
Toward a Mechanism for Secondary Trauma Induction and Reduction: Reimagining a Theory of Secondary Traumatic Stress

This article focuses on the mechanism by which real or perceived distress of another in turn distresses us and the process by which we become undistressed. This secondary traumatic stress (STS) mechanism accounts for work-related stress experienced by social workers, psychologists, physicians, first responders, some administrative groups and others who work or live with the traumatized. A model is described that demonstrates the STS mechanism. The compassion fatigue resilience (CFR) model is the latest iteration in successive models that attempt to account for the variance in CFR (higher resilience resulting in lower compassion fatigue). The article presents a thorough description and justification of the 12-variable CFR model. The model helps account for why some people experience little to no compassion stress whereas others do, despite the same levels of exposure and competence when working with the traumatized. This multidimensional model of resilience provides the best estimate yet in depicting STS reactions that account for the increase/decrease of STS. This model has the potential for guiding both research and practice, and teaching trauma survivors and future trauma-exposed professionals how to build up their secondary stress resilience and become more effective in managing secondary stress when their “hearts go out” to the suffering.
Prevalence of Enteric Protozoan Oocysts with Special Reference to Sarcocystis cruzi among Fecal Samples of Diarrheic Immunodeficient Patients in Iran

The genus Sarcocystis is not usually considered as an important enteric pathogen in immune compromised patients. It might be expected that species for which humans are the final host (Sarcocystis hominis and Sarcocystis suihominis as well as possibly others) would be encountered increasingly often in immunodeficient persons. This study aimed to address how to detect and differentiate Sarcocystis oocysts and/or sporocysts from enteric protozoans in the diarrheal samples of immunodeficient patients in Shiraz, Iran. Diarrheal samples of 741 immunodeficient patients with recurrent persistent or chronic diarrhea were examined by microscopy and molecular biological analysis. Oocysts-positive samples were 68 Cryptosporidium spp. , 9 Cystoisospora belli (syn. Isospora belli), 2 Cyclospora cayetanensis, and 15 microsporidia (Enterocytozoon bieneusi). Sarcocystis-like sporocysts found from a woman were identified as Sarcocystis cruzi through 18S rDNA amplification and phylogenetic analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of S. cruzi from a human.
The early stages of low back pain: a pilot study of patient diaries as a source of data.

BACKGROUND Low back pain accounts for a significant proportion of a GP's workload, but care of the condition is widely regarded as unsatisfactory. Recent recommendations to improve primary care management include more appropriate explanatory models and early access to physical therapy. OBJECTIVES This study explored the feasibility and utility of patient diaries as a source of qualitative data on patients' experience of low back pain presenting in primary care. METHOD Within a larger study of physiotherapist-led management of low back pain presenting in general practice, a random sample of patients was invited to keep a record of their illness experience over 7 days using a diary. Patients' written accounts were then subject to qualitative thematic analysis. RESULTS Diary respondents did not differ from the wider group of patients presenting with back pain. Patients recounted diverse experience of disability, pain and emotional reactions. The specific themes which emerged from our analysis support the relevance to patients of a biopsychosocial paradigm in the management of low back pain. CONCLUSIONS Diaries are a feasible and valid source of qualitative data in patients with new episodes of low back pain. In addition, they may provide the clinician with useful information and their completion may offer direct benefits to patients.
Forced Convection To Laminar Flow Of Liquid Egg Yolk In Circular And Annular Ducts

The steady-state heat transfer in laminar flow of liquid egg yolk - an important pseudoplastic fluid food - in circular and concentric annular ducts was experimentally investigated. The average convection heat transfer coefficients, determined by measuring temperatures before and after heating sections with constant temperatures at the tube wall, were used to obtain simple new empirical expressions to estimate the Nusselt numbers for fully established flows at the thermal entrance of the considered geometries. The comparisons with existing correlations for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids resulted in excellent agreement. The main contribution of this work is to supply practical and easily applicable correlations, which are, especially for the case of annulus, rather scarce and extensively required in the design of heat transfer operations dealing with similar shear-thinning products. In addition, the experimental results may support existing theoretical analyses.
Changes in counsellor trainee responses to client’s message after Peer Group Consultation (PGC) training

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine changes in counsellor trainees’ ways of responding to clients’ messages after four weeks of Peer Group Consultation (PGC) training [Soini, Jämsä, & Kuusisto, 2006. Scaffolding and consultation of skilled performance. In K. Thompson J. Liukkonen, & T. Jaakkola (Eds.), Promotion of motor skills in sports and physical education (pp. 70–80). Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, Department of Sport Sciences. Publications 6/2006]. PGC training focuses on learning-specific client-centred skills; applying practice sessions with feedback; specific skills training; and a group review of videoed performances of the trainees. Pre-training results show that trainees use self-disclosure and suggestion as their primary way of communicating with the client, focusing on explanations behind the client problems. Post-training results show a significant decrease in the use of self-disclosure, and an increase in the use of reflection; indicating improvement in the counsellor trainees’ client-centredness. Overall, results indicate that PGC training can be an effective method in increasing trainees’ client-centred responses and reducing counsellor-centred responses.