Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus , Dermatomyositis , Scleroderma , and Vasculitis

Pediatric SLE (pSLE) is a chronic multisystem autoimmune disease with remitting, relapsing course and onset of symptoms before age 18 years, accounting for approximately 20% of all SLE. This clinically heterogeneous disease is characterized by a distinct spectrum of autoantibodies including antinuclear antibody (ANA), double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA), and antibodies against extractable nuclear antigens (ENAs). In genetically susceptible hosts B cell–mediated autoimmune processes lead to a variable combination and severity of clinical symptoms including antibody-mediated vasculitis, direct antibody binding to target cells, and thrombotic organ dysfunction. The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria for adults with SLE are commonly applied to children with pSLE. The classification of neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) in children and adolescents remains a challenge. The 1990 ACR NPSLE nomenclature and case definitions appear to have limited applicability for children in certain domains.
Gradient Flows, Convexity, and Adjoint Orbits

This dissertation studies some matrix results and gives their generalizations in the context of semisimple Lie groups. The adjoint orbit is the primary object in our study. The dissertation consists of four chapters. Chapter 1 is a brief introduction about the interplay between matrix theory and Lie theory. In Chapter 2 we introduce some structure theory of semisimple Lie groups and Lie algebras. It involves the root space decompositions for complex and real semisimple Lie algebras, Cartan decomposition and Iwasawa decomposition for real semisimple Lie algebras and Lie groups. They play significant roles in our generalizations. In Chapter 3 we introduce a famous problem on Hermitian matrices proposed by H. Weyl in 1912, which has been completely solved. Motivated by a recent paper of Li et al. [34] we consider a generalized problem in the context of semisimple as well as reductive Lie groups. We give the gradient flow of a function corresponding to the generalized problem. This provides a unified approach to deriving several results in [34]. Chapter 4 is essentially a brief survey on some generalized numerical ranges associated with Lie algebras. The classical numerical range of an n×n complex matrix is the image of the unit sphere in C under the quadratic form. One of the most beautiful properties is that the numerical range of a matrix is always convex. It is known as the Toeplitz-Hausdorff theorem. We give another proof of the convexity of some generalized numerical range associated with a compact Lie group. The Toeplitz-Hausdorff theorem becomes a special case.
Visceral fat and body weight are reduced in overweight adults by the supplementation of Doenjang, a fermented soybean paste

Various forms of fermented soybean products are well documented for their health benefits. The efficacy of anti-obesogenic effect of Doenjang, one of the most commonly used seasonings in Korean cuisine, has been reported only in animal models; thus, an evaluation of Doenjang needs to be conducted in human studies. We aimed to test the hypothesis that Doenjang supplementation reduces body weight and changes body composition in overweight adults. A total of 51 overweight adults participated in this study. A group of males with BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 and waist to hip ratio (WHR) ≥ 0.90, and a group of females with BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 and WHR ≥ 0.85 were randomly assigned to either a Doenjang supplement (9.9 g dry/day) group or a placebo group for a 12-week randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study. Anthropometric parameters, abdominal fat distribution by computerized tomography (CT) and blood components were measured before and after the intervention period. After the 12-week study, the Doenjang supplementation group had significant reductions in body weight (kg), body fat mass (kg) and body fat (%) compared to the placebo group, the supplementation of Doenjang resulted in a significant reduction in visceral fat (cm2), although no changes were observed in total and subcutaneous fat are as (cm2), serum lipid profiles and dietary intakes. The present study demonstrated that daily supplementation of 9.9 g dry/day of Doenjang for 12 weeks reduces body weight and visceral fat in overweight adults.
Clinical Pharmacology in Old Persons

The epidemiological transition, with a rapid increase in the proportion in the global population aged over 65 years from 11% in 2010 to 22% in 2050 and 32% in 2100, represents a challenge for public health. More and more old persons have multimorbidities and are treated with a large number of medicines. In advanced age, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many drugs are altered. In addition, pharmacotherapy may be complicated by difficulties with obtaining drugs or adherence and persistence with drug regimens. Safe and effective pharmacotherapy remains one of the greatest challenges in geriatric medicine. In this paper, the main principles of geriatric pharmacology are presented.
Genetics and Cytogenetics of Multiple Myeloma

Much has been learned regarding the biology and clinical implications of genetic abnormalities in multiple myeloma. Because of recent advances in the field, an International Workshop was held in Paris in February of 2003. This summary describes the consensus recommendations arising from that meeting with special emphasis on novel genetic observations. For instance, it is increasingly clear that translocations involving the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus are important for the pathogenesis of one-half of patients. As a corollary, it also clear that the remaining patients, lacking IgH translocations, have hyperdiploidy as the hallmark of their disease. Several important genetic markers are associated with a shortened survival such as chromosome 13 monosomy, hypodiploidy, and others. The events leading the transformation of the monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to myeloma are still unclear. One of the few differential genetic lesions between myeloma and MGUS is the presence of ras mutations in the latter. Gene expression platforms are capable of detecting many of the genetic aberrations found in the clonal cells of myeloma. Areas in need of further study were identified. The study of the genetic aberrations will likely form the platform for targeted therapy for the disease.
bHLH003, bHLH013 and bHLH017 Are New Targets of JAZ Repressors Negatively Regulating JA Responses

Cell reprogramming in response to jasmonates requires a tight control of transcription that is achieved by the activity of JA-related transcription factors (TFs). Among them, MYC2, MYC3 and MYC4 have been described as activators of JA responses. Here we characterized the function of bHLH003, bHLH013 and bHLH017 that conform a phylogenetic clade closely related to MYC2, MYC3 and MYC4. We found that these bHLHs form homo- and heterodimers and also interact with JAZ repressors in vitro and in vivo. Phenotypic analysis of JA-regulated processes, including root and rosette growth, anthocyanin accumulation, chlorophyll loss and resistance to Pseudomonas syringae, on mutants and overexpression lines, suggested that these bHLHs are repressors of JA responses. bHLH003, bHLH013 and bHLH017 are mainly nuclear proteins and bind DNA with similar specificity to that of MYC2, MYC3 and MYC4, but lack a conserved activation domain, suggesting that repression is achieved by competition for the same cis-regulatory elements. Moreover, expression of bHLH017 is induced by JA and depends on MYC2, suggesting a negative feed-back regulation of the activity of positive JA-related TFs. Our results suggest that the competition between positive and negative TFs determines the output of JA-dependent transcriptional activation.
Attentional Consequences of Pregoal and Postgoal Positive Affects Motivational Intensity in Affects

Decades of research have suggested that all positive affective states broaden attention. Recent studies have found that positive affects high in approach motivation narrow attention, whereas positive affects low in approach motivation broaden attention. However, these studies were limited because they used only affective pictures to manipulate positive affect. The pictures, rather than the affective states created by them, may have caused individuals to focus on the emotional details of the picture, and this attentional focus may have caused the narrowing of attentional scope. Moreover, no experiment has yet to examine both low and high approach-motivated positive affect within the same individuals in the same study. The current experiments manipulated pregoal (high approach) and postgoal (low approach) positive states by giving participants the opportunity to win money on a game. Results revealed that pregoal positive affect caused a narrowing of attention, whereas postgoal positive affect caused a broadening of attention. For decades, scientists have theorized that positive and negative affective states have opposing consequences for attentional scope. Specifically, positive affective states cause broadening of attention , whereas negative affective states cause narrowing of attention emphasis on comparing positive and negative affects led Fredrick-son (2001) to propose the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, which predicts that all positive emotions expand attention and cognition. This expansion or broadening of cognition and attention is predicated on the idea that all positive emotions suggest a stable and comfortable environment, and thus cause individuals to be more creative, more categorically inclusive, and more attentionally broad. 1 Research has supported these predictions. Positive affect creates a broadening of cognitive processing in categorization (Isen & Daubman, 1984), unusualness of word association (Isen et al., 1985), social categorization (Isen et al., 1992), and recalling memory details (Talarico, Berntsen, Rubin, 2008). In these studies, positive affect was manipulated by having participants receive a Other research has tested the idea that positive affects broaden attentional scope. In 2005, Fredrickson and Brannigan measured the attentional broadening effects of discrete positive affects of amusement and contentment, which were evoked using film clips. Relative to neutral affective states, amusement and contentment broadened attentional scope. More recently, Rowe, Hirsh, and Anderson (2007) found positive moods, as compared with neutral moods, elicited by music resulted in broadened visual-spatial processing. Much research operates under the assumption that all positive affects expand attentional breadth.
dbEmpLikeGOF: An R Package for Nonparametric Likelihood Ratio Tests for Goodness-of-Fit and Two-Sample Comparisons Based on Sample Entropy

We introduce and examine dbEmpLikeGOF, an R package for performing goodness-of-fit tests based on sample entropy. This package also performs the two sample distribution comparison test. For a given vector of data observations, the provided function dbEmpLikeGOF tests the data for the proposed null distributions, or tests for distribution equality between two vectors of observations. The proposed methods represent a distribution-free density-based empirical likelihood technique applied to nonparametric testing. The proposed procedure performs exact and very efficient p values for each test statistic obtained from a Monte Carlo (MC) resampling scheme. Note by using an MC scheme, we are assured exact level α tests that approximate nonparametrically most powerful Neyman-Pearson decision rules. Although these entropy based tests are known in the theoretical literature to be very efficient, they have not been well addressed in statistical software. This article briefly presents the proposed tests and introduces the package, with applications to real data. We apply the methods to produce a novel analysis of a recently published dataset related to coronary heart disease.
Variation in Use of Informatics Tools Among Providers in a Diabetes Clinic

A goal of health information technology (HIT) is to help eliminate variation when it may compromise safety, efficiency, or quality of care. This study utilized direct observation and semi-structured interviews to examine variability in HIT use among four nurse practitioners and four physicians in an ambulatory diabetes clinic and to assess the impact of this variability on patient care. While use of informatics tools for information access and communication was similar among all users, variability existed in patterns of data entry into the EMR. The study provides direction for developing new functionality that may be needed in HIT and suggests changes to existing functionality. By designing tools that meet user needs and workflows, adoption of informatics applications may be enhanced and patient safety and user satisfaction improved.
The spatially resolved stellar populations of isolated early-type galaxies

ABSTRACT We present radial stellar population parameters for a subsample of 12 galaxies from the36 isolated early-type galaxies of Reda et al. Using new long-slit spectra, central valuesand radial gradients for the stellar age, metallicity [Z/H] and α-element abundance[E/Fe] are measured. Similarly, the central stellar population parameters are derivedfor a further 5 isolated early-type galaxies using their Lick indices from the literature.On average, the seventeen isolated galaxies have mean central [Z/H] o and [E/Fe] o of0.29 ±0.03 and 0.17 ±0.03 respectively and span a wide range of ages from 1.7 to15 Gyrs. We ﬁnd that isolated galaxies follow similar scaling relations between centralstellar population parameters and galaxy velocity dispersion to their counterparts inhigh density environments. However, we note a tendency for isolated galaxies to haveslightly younger ages, higher metallicities and lower abundance ratios. Such propertiesare qualitatively consistent with the expectation of an extended star formation historyfor galaxies in lower density environments. Generally we measure constant age and[E/Fe] radial gradients. However, three galaxies show remarkable positive age gradientsand two galaxies have negative age gradients. We ﬁnd that the age gradients anti-correlatewith the centralgalaxyage.Thus asa youngstarburstevolves,the age gradientﬂattens from positive to almost zero. Metallicity gradients range from near zero tostrongly negative. For our high mass galaxies (σ > 160 km/s) metallicity gradientsare shallower with increasing mass. Such behaviour is not predicted in dissipationalcollapse models but might be expected in multiple mergers. The metallicity gradientsare also found to be correlated with the central age and metallicity, as well as to the agegradients. In conclusion, our stellar population data for a sample of isolated early-typegalaxies are more compatible with an extended merger/accretion history than earlydissipative collapse.Key words: Galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD - galaxies: abundances - galaxies:formation - galaxies: evolution - galaxies: kinematic and dynamics
Electrophysiological Mechanisms Underlying Rate‐Dependent Changes of Refractoriness in Normal and Segmentally Depressed Canine Purkinje Fibers: The Characteristics of Post‐Repolarization Refractoriness

Tissues from diseased hearts are known to exhibit post-repolarization refractoriness and rate-dependent changes of the refractory period that are often inconsistent with changes in action potential duration. To examine the electrophysiological mechanisms responsible for such rate-dependent changes of the refractory period, a narrow inexcitable zone was created by superfusing the central segments of Purkinje fibers with an ‘ion-free isotonic sucrose solution’. The degree of conduction impairment could be finely regulated by varying the resistance of the extracellular shunt pathway. At intermediate or low levels of block, the refractory period remained unchanged or decreased, respectively, as the rate was increased. At relatively high levels of block, however, we observed marked increases of the refractory period in response to increases in the stimulation rate. The disparity of refractoriness between normally conducting fibers and fibers exhibiting discontinuous conduction characteristics and post-repolarization refractoriness increased dramatically as a function of increasing stimulation rate. With the aid of current clamp techniques, we demonstrate that the differential behavior is due to the interplay between ratedependent changes (1) in the restitution of excitability at the site beyond the depressed zone secondary to changes in passive and active membrane properties and (2) in the intensity of local circuit current provided to that site by activity generated in the segment proximal to the zone of block. Our data suggest that rate-dependent changes of refractoriness in Purkinje tissue are principally governed by attendant changes in membrane resistance.
Research on the relationship of the digit ratio and the throwing ability of throwing athlete in sports undergraduate college

The analysis of digit ratio data of throwing athlete in sports undergraduate colleges, revealing the connection between the digit ratio and throwing ability, and presents reasonable and effective theoretical basis for throwing athletes. Under the premise of informed consent, randomly selected healthy throwing athlete in sports undergraduate colleges from 17 to 25 years old (shot put discus throwers, etc.) as the research object, while excluding the objects with injury of finger, hand deformity, endocrine and metabolic diseases and its history. The number of throwing athlete under the above requirements is 200 male and 200 female. The relation of throwing ability and digit ratio can be found out under the analysis of digit ratio data. The digit ratio is related to hormones and genes. 2D: 4D is negatively related to male hormone level. Digit ratio is related to gender, race, and throwing ability usually is heritable, which with reveal gender differences. Overall that man is better than woman. The digit ratio is related to throwing ability, the correlation of man is significantly than woman, right than left. The digit ratio of throwing athlete in sports undergraduate college have a certain relationship with throwing ability, which can provide valuable reference for the throwing athlete.
The acquisition of Spanish and English as two first languages through the analysis of natural interpreting in bilingual children

Research on the acquisition of two first languages from birth (2L1A) has focused, among other issues, on how the grammars of the two languages being acquired interact (e.g. Bhatia & Ritchie, 2012 ; De Houwer, 2009 ; Deuchar & Quay, 2000 ; Dopke, 2000 ; Koppe & Meisel, 1995 ). A case in point is natural interpreting which evidences how bilingual children exposed to two languages from birth deal with the grammatical properties of the two languages and how this leads them to potentially convey the same message in either (or both) of these languages. More specifically, as part of the simultaneous processing of their two L1s, 2L1 bilingual children have been reported to often translate between their two L1s ( Alvarez de la Fuente & Fernandez Fuertes, 2012 , 2015 ; Cossato, 2008 ; Harris, 1980a , 1980b ; Harris & Sherwood, 1978 ), a phenomenon that has been called natural interpreting ( Harris, 1977 , 2003). In this respect, natural interpreting can be included with other language contact phenomena, such as interlinguistic influence or code-switching, as a typical defining property of 2L1A. Therefore, in this study we aim to offer an analysis of the way in which Spanish-English bilingual children use natural interpreting in their 2L1A process by focusing on the Spanish-English bilingual corpora freely available through the CHILDES project ( MacWhinney, 2000 ).
Transcending Inequality: A Grounded Theory Study of Filipino Factory Workers in Taiwan

Transcending Inequality: A Grounded Theory Study of Filipino Factory Workers in Taiwan Peter C. Sun Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Associate Professor Tracy W. Harachi School of Social Work The purpose of this research is to develop a theory of the main concern of Filipino factory workers in Taiwan and the latent pattern of behavior that accounts for its continual resolution. Using classic grounded theory, nine participants were interviewed and the data were analyzed using the constant comparative method of analysis. The theory that emerged from this study was Transcending Inequality, which explains how participants resolve inequality via three overlapping patterns of behavior: coping, bonding, and serving. Although the notion of transcending is paradoxical in that it tends to sidestep the structural causes of inequality, it foregrounds the participants’ individual, cultural, social, and spiritual resources. The findings have implications for three areas of practice and policy: (a) local and transnational community life, (b) religious and spiritual practices, and (c) the strength-based approach.
Desperate Housewives? Differences in Work Satisfaction Between Stay-At-Home and Employed Mothers, 1972-2012

Stay-at-home and employed mothers have been the subject of a wide range of both academic and popular discourse about roles, satisfaction, and meaning. However, no literature has examined time trends in relative satisfaction with being a stay-at-home versus a working mother. Here, we use pooled, yearly data from the General Social Survey to examine trends in how satisfied stay-at-home mothers are with their work relative to employed mothers. We find that stay-at-home mothers used to report less satisfaction with their work than employed mothers, but this gap became statistically nonsignificant around the same time trends in which societal attitudes toward gender roles began to shift. These changes are widespread across different socioeconomic and ideological groups, and do not appear to be attributable to sociodemographic composition changes.
Effective Parenting and Self-Control: Difference by Gender

Few studies have tested whether the process through which self-control is developed varies by gender. This study examines whether gender differences in self-control among children are explained by differences in parental supervision, monitoring, and discipline using a sample of mothers from National Longitudinal Study of Youth Children and Young Adults (NLSY79-CYA)1 data (N = 862). This study also examines whether the relationship between parenting factors and self-control is moderated by gender. Using ordinary least squares regression, findings showed that females report higher levels of self-control than males and that this difference is accounted for by parenting factors. Moreover, this study found that the effect of parental discipline for grades and spanking on self-control varied by gender.
CNTFET full-adders for energy-efficient arithmetic applications

In this paper, we present two energy-efficient full adders (FAs) which are a crucial building block of nano arithmetic logic units (nano-ALUs) with the Cell Design Methodology (CDM). Since the most suitable design configuration for CNT-based ICs is pass transistor configuration (PTL), CDM which properly benefits from PTL advantages is utilized. So the designs herewith take full advantages of simplicity, fewer transistors and better immunity against threshold voltage fluctuations of the PTL than the CCMOS configuration. CDM also resolves two problems of PTL by employing elegant mechanisms which are threshold voltage drop and loss of gain. Using the amend mechanisms and SEA sizing algorithm for CNTFETs, the proposed circuits enjoy full swing in all outputs and internal nodes, structural symmetry, reduced power-delay product (PDP) and energy-delay product (EDP), fairly balanced outputs and high driving capability. The state of the art includes both bulk CMOS and CNTFET technologies. The simulation results exhibit an average PDP and EDP improvement of 9-98% and 55-99% respectively compared with the referenced FAs. All HSPICE simulations were performed on 32nm CNTFET and CMOS process technologies.