Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flight performance in night-flying sweat bees suffers at low light levels

SUMMARY The sweat bee Megalopta (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), unlike most bees, flies in extremely dim light. And although nocturnal insects are often equipped with superposition eyes, which greatly enhance light capture, Megalopta performs visually guided flight with apposition eyes. We examined how light limits Megalopta's flight behavior by measuring flight times and corresponding light levels and comparing them with flight trajectories upon return to the nest. We found the average time to land increased in dim light, an effect due not to slow approaches, but to circuitous approaches. Some landings, however, were quite fast even in the dark. To explain this, we examined the flight trajectories and found that in dim light, landings became increasingly error prone and erratic, consistent with repeated landing attempts. These data agree well with the premise that Megalopta uses visual summation, sacrificing acuity in order to see and fly at the very dimmest light intensities that its visual system allows.
The nature of compounds: A psychocentric perspective

Although compound words often seem to be words that themselves contain words, this paper argues that this is not the case for the vast majority of lexicalized compounds. Rather, it is claimed that as a result of acts of lexical processing, the constituents of compound words develop into new lexical representations. These representations are bound to specific morphological roles and positions (e.g., head, modifier) within a compound word. The development of these positionally bound compound constituents creates a rich network of lexical knowledge that facilitates compound processing and also creates some of the well-documented patterns in the psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic study of compounding.
Syntactic structure and the garden path

The experiment investigated locally ambiguous English sentences containing “complement” verbs such as believe, which can be followed either by a direct object or by a complement clause. These two sentence types were compared with unambiguous sentences in which the complement clause was introduced by the word that. Subjects processed numerous examples of these sentences in a word-by-word self-paced reading task. At the disambiguation point after the ambiguous noun phrase, longer reading times were obtained for reduced complement constructions compared with direct object sentences. Such an effect has been attributed to the operation of the parsing principle Minimal Attachment (Frazier and Rayner, 1982). This principle predicts that subjects assume falsely that the noun phrase after the complement verb in the reduced complement constructions is the direct object, resulting in the need for subsequent structural reanalysis. However, longer times in the disambiguating zone were also found for the unambiguous that complements. Thus, the complexity difference seems not to represent “garden-pathing” as a result of the operation of Minimal Attachment, but may instead reflect the extra complexity caused by having to handle two sets of clausal relations instead of just one.
Lessons Learned from Non-Marriage Experiments

Summary:In the contemporary United States, marriage is closely related to money. Men and (perhaps to a lesser extent) women with more education, higher incomes, larger stocks of wealth, and more stable employment are more likely to marry than are people in more precarious economic positions. But is this relationship truly causal? That is, does economic insufficiency cause people to marry later and less often? Daniel Schneider reviews evidence from social experiments in areas such as early childhood education, human capital development, workforce training, and income support to assess whether programs that successfully increased the economic wellbeing of disadvantaged men and women also increased the likelihood that they would marry. These programs were not designed to affect marriage. But to the extent that they increased participants’ economic resources, they could have had such an effect.Examining these programs offers three key benefits. First, their experimental designs provide important insight into the causal role of economic resources for marriage. Second, they give us within-group comparisons of disadvantaged men and women, some of whom received economic “treatments” and some who did not. Third, they by and large assess interventions that are feasible and realistic within the constraints of U.S. policy making.Schneider describes each intervention in detail, discussing its target population, experimental treatment, evaluation design, economic effects, and, finally, any effects on marriage or cohabitation. Overall, he finds little evidence that manipulating men’s economic resources increased the likelihood that they would marry, though there are exceptions. For women, on the other hand, there is more evidence of positive effects.
The right to be human and human rights: Maslow, McCarthyism and the death of humanist theories of management

Abstract This article is constructed around the counterfactual of Abraham Maslow being made to testify before a McCarthy-type investigation in the US Cold War era.We set out the extent to which Maslow was, factually, engaged with the internal US Cold War, and note his surveillance by the FBI. This lends plausibility to our counterfactual case: there were episodes in Maslow’s life and work which rendered him vulnerable to McCarthyite inquisition.Two sets of consequences for humanism in management history of this initial counterfactual event are explored, depending on whether he would or would not have testified. Concluding, we argue that while we counterfactualize Maslow’s life, we cannot logically do so for Maslow’s hierarchy. That hierarchy’s deceitfulness is revealed by its naturalization of a narrative of sequential social/individual betterment, in which the factual social evil of McCarthyism is unrepresentable.
A Krein-like Formula for Singular Perturbations of Self-Adjoint Operators and Applications

Abstract Given a self-adjoint operator A : D ( A )⊆ H → H and a continuous linear operator τ : D ( A )→ X with Range τ ′∩ H ′={0}, X a Banach space, we explicitly construct a family A τ Θ of self-adjoint operators such that any A τ Θ coincides with the original A on the kernel of τ . Such a family is obtained by giving a Krein-like formula where the role of the deficiency spaces is played by the dual pair ( X , X ′); the parameter Θ belongs to the space of symmetric operators from X ′ to X . When X = C one recovers the “ H −2 -construction” of Kiselev and Simon and so, to some extent, our results can be regarded as an extension of it to the infinite rank case. Considering the situation in which H = L 2 ( R n ) and τ is the trace (restriction) operator along some null subset, we give various applications to singular perturbations of non necessarily elliptic pseudo-differential operators, thus unifying and extending previously known results.
Effect of temperature history on mass transfer diffusivity in convective drying process.

Convective hot air drying of potato slabs and the effects of drying air temperature and slab thickness have been investigated using a batch tray dryer. The temperature of drying chamber varied in four levels (50, 60, 70 and 80°C) and the slab thickness changed in three levels (0.5, 1 and 1.5 m). For the prediction of effective moisture diffusivity (D ), the conventional Fick's diffusion model was modified considering the eff temperature variation of the sample at drying period. Comparing the predictions of conventional Fick's model with those of modified model indicates that the model proposed in this study shows better agreement with the experimental data.
The Three Planet Model: Towards an Understanding of Contradictions in Approaches to Women and Children's Safety in Contexts of Domestic Violence

Despite the development of much positive work by to tackle domestic violence, frustrations are often voiced by social care and other professionals - and echoed in women's and children's experiences - that it can be difficult to ensure and sustain safe outcomes for women and children in circumstances of domestic violence. The article . provides an attempt at understanding some of the systemic problems practitioners may be facing that undermine the effectiveness of their practice.
A 35-year standardized prediction estimates for gynecological lesions in oil and gas exploration and production city in the Niger Delta

Background: The impact of constant emission of hydrocarbons and contaminated water level through oil spillage in the oil and gas exploration and production areas of Niger Delta on women's health cannot be underestimated. We developed a 35-year standardized prediction estimates for gynecological lesions using data obtained from an integrated specialist hospital serving the residence of the oil and gas exploration and production City of Port Harcourt and the surrounding areas of Niger Delta, Nigeria. Methods: The study participants comprised of 697 females who received medical care at the Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital (BMSH), Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, between 2010 and 2014. Predictive modeling of the diseases was performed using JMP statistical discovery™ software, version 12.0 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). Results: The distribution of the gynecological lesions (n = 697) differed significantly (P < 0.001) by year of diagnosis, developmental stage, age category, and types of lesion. The mean age of study participants was 39.1 ± 12.8 years, and most of the lesions (61.8%) occurred among females who were 30- to 49-year old. Leiomyoma recorded the highest 5-year standardized prevalence rate of 0.508, and with no intervention, it is estimated that the number of cases diagnosed will rise from 235 in 2015 to 1883 by the year 2050. This was followed by ovarian cyst with a prevalence rate of 0.124 and projected increase from 57 in 2015 to 461 by the year 2050. Similarly, the product of conception is also estimated to increase from 34 to 277 by the year 2050. Conclusion: The over 700% increased prediction of gynecological lesions by 2050 calls for urgent attention by both governmental and private agencies to fund awareness campaigns and screenings for women, especially for those residing in the oil- and gas-producing areas of Niger Delta.
Management of Brugada Syndrome: Thirty-Three–Year Experience Using Electrophysiologically Guided Therapy With Class 1A Antiarrhythmic Drugs

Background—Information on long-term clinical outcome of patients with Brugada syndrome treated with electrophysiologically guided class 1A antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) is limited. Methods and Results—An aggressive protocol of programmed ventricular stimulation was performed in 96 patients with Brugada syndrome (88% males; mean age, 39.8±15.9 years). Ten patients were cardiac arrest survivors, 27 had presented with syncope, and 59 were asymptomatic. Ventricular fibrillation was induced in 66 patients, including 100%, 74%, and 61% of patients with cardiac arrest, syncope, and no symptoms, respectively. All but 6 of the 66 patients with inducible ventricular fibrillation underwent electrophysiological testing on quinidine (n=54), disopyramide (n=2), or both (n=4). Fifty-four (90%) patients were electrophysiological responders to >1 AAD with similar efficacy rates (≈90%) in all patients groups. Patients with no inducible ventricular fibrillation at baseline were left on no therapy. After a mean follow-up of 113.3±71.5 months, 92 patients were alive, whereas 4 died from noncardiac causes. No arrhythmic event occurred during class 1A AAD therapy in any of electrophysiological drug responders and in patients with no baseline inducible ventricular fibrillation. Arrhythmic events occurred in only 2 cardiac arrest survivors treated with implantable cardioverter–defibrillator alone but did not recur on quinidine. All cases of recurrent syncope (n=12) were attributed to a vasovagal (n=10) or nonarrhythmic mechanism (n=2). Class 1A AAD therapy resulted in 38% incidence of side effects that resolved after drug discontinuation. Conclusions—Our data suggest that electrophysiologically guided class 1A AAD treatment has a place in our therapeutic armamentarium for all types of patients with Brugada syndrome.
Mass Spectrometry-based Lipidomics and Its Application to Biomedical Research

Lipidomics, a branch of metabolomics, is the large-scale study of pathways and networks of all cellular lipids in biological systems such as cells, tissues or organisms. The recent advance in mass spectrometry technologies have enabled more comprehensive lipid profiling in the biological samples. In this review, we compared four representative lipid profiling technoligies including GC-MS, LC-MS, direct infusion-MS and imaging-MS. We also summarized representative lipid database, and further discussed the applications of lipidomics to the diagnostics of various diseases such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and Alzheimer diseases.
White's Effect: Removing the Junctions but Preserving the Strength of the Illusion

White's effect (also known as the Munker-White effect) is a lightness illusion in which, contrary to expectations based on simultaneous contrast and Wallach's rule, a gray rectangle predominantly surrounded by white appears lighter than an identical rectangle that is mainly surrounded by black. The illusion is often explained in terms of T-junctions that are formed by the three-way intersection of the gray rectangle, a black stripe, and a white stripe. I present a circular variant of White's effect in which all the junctions have been removed without significantly affecting the strength of the illusion, suggesting that junctions are not an important consideration in all versions of White's effect.
Mapping Ethical Consumer Behavior: Integrating the Empirical Research and Identifying Future Directions

The concept of “ethical consumer behavior” has gained significant attention among practitioners and academic researchers, generating increasing but disjointed knowledge on the topic. By analyzing the empirical research on ethical consumer behavior, this article provides researchers with a map to guide future research. In total, we review 80 studies. The main contributions of the article include the identification of the main trends in the ethical consumer literature and the conceptualization of ethical consumer behavior. In addition, several areas for future research are proposed and discussed.
RIOT: One OS to Rule Them All in the IoT

The Internet of Things (IoT) embodies a wide spectrum of machines ranging from sensors powered by 8-bits microcontrollers, to devices powered by processors roughly equivalent to those found in entry-level smartphones. Neither traditional operating systems (OS) currently running on internet hosts, nor typical OS for sensor networks are capable to fulfill all at once the diverse requirements of such a wide range of devices. Hence, in order to avoid redundant developments and maintenance costs of IoT products, a novel, unifying type of OS is needed. The following analyzes requirements such an OS should fulfill, and introduces RIOT, a new OS satisfying these demands.
Reproductive History and Risk of Second Primary Breast Cancer: The WECARE Study

Background: Women with an initial breast cancer diagnosis are at elevated risk of developing subsequent cancer in the contralateral breast. Studies of reproductive factors and contralateral breast cancer (CBC) have provided inconsistent results. Methods: We employed a case-control study nested within five population-based cancer registries in the United States and Denmark to examine associations between reproductive history and CBC risk. Cases were women with asynchronous CBC who had their first primary invasive breast cancer before age 55 years. Two controls, who had only one primary breast cancer diagnosis, were individually matched to each case on age and year of diagnosis, race, and registry. A total of 694 case-control triplets and 11 case-control pairs were enrolled. Information regarding possible CBC risk factors was obtained via telephone interviews. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to estimate rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) associated with risk factors of interest. Results: Increasing number of full-term pregnancies (FTP) was inversely associated with CBC risk (P trend, 0.001). Women who reported menarche before age 13 years had an increased risk of CBC (RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.01-1.58). Age at first FTP, breastfeeding history, and age at menopause were not significantly associated with CBC risk. Conclusions: These results suggest age at menarche and parity, which are established risk factors for first primary breast cancer, are associated with CBC, whereas other reproductive risk factors associated with first primary breast cancer, such as age at first FTP, are less important factors in the development of CBC. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(5):906–11)
Additional intragenic promoter elements of the Xenopus 5S RNA genes upstream from the TFIIIA-binding site

The major promoter element of the Xenopus laevis 5S RNA gene is located within the transcribed region of the gene and forms the binding site for the transcription initiation factor TFIIIA. We report an analysis of deletion and substitution mutations within the coding region of the major oocyte-type 5S gene of X. laevis. Our results differ from those of previous mutagenesis studies conducted on the somatic-type genes of Xenopus borealis and X. laevis. Transcription assays in whole oocyte S-150 extracts, with both oocyte- and somatic-type mutants, revealed additional promoter elements between the start site for transcription and the binding site for TFIIIA. These sequences regulate the efficiency of binding TFIIIC, a transcription factor required by the genes transcribed by RNA polymerase III containing intragenic promoters. Under TFIIIC-limiting conditions, the somatic-type gene had a 10-fold-higher affinity for TFIIIC than did the major oocyte-type 5S gene. One mutation in the oocyte-type gene (nucleotides +33 to +39) reduced TFIIIC affinity and transcriptional activity four- to fivefold. Differences in TFIIIC affinity between oocyte- and somatic-type genes may contribute to the differential transcription of these genes observed during Xenopus embryogenesis.
Approximation Methods for Inhomogeneous Polynomial Optimization Simai HE

In this paper, we consider computational methods for optimizing a multivariate inhomogeneous polynomial function over a compact set. The focus is on the design and analysis of polynomial-time approximation algorithms. The references on approximation algorithms for inhomogeneous polynomial optimization problems are extremely scarce in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, the only result so far was due to Nemirovski, Roos and Terlaky [26], who obtained an Ω (1/ logm)-approximation ratio for maximizing an inhomogeneous quadratic polynomial over the intersection of m co-centered ellipsoids. In this paper we aim at developing computational methods to deal with optimization models with polynomial objective functions in any fixed degrees. In particular, we first study the problem of maximizing an inhomogeneous polynomial over the Euclidean ball. A polynomial-time approximation algorithm is proposed for this problem with an assured (relative) worst-case performance ratio, which is dependent only on the dimensions of the model. The method and approximation ratio are then generalized to optimize an inhomogeneous polynomial over the intersection of a finite number of co-centered ellipsoids. Finally, the constraint set is extended to a general compact set. Specifically, we propose a polynomial-time approximation algorithm with a (relative) worst-case performance ratio for polynomial optimization over some convex compact sets, e.g., a polytope.
Facets of Affective Experiences: A Framework for Investigations of Trait Affect

Research on the relation between personality and affect is concerned with the nature of affect dispositions. The authors propose that the general notion of trait affect is too broad and propose a more refined framework that differentiates facets of affect-related traits. Each facet is a combination of a type (e.g., mood, emotion), an aspect (e.g., frequency, intensity, duration), and a quality (e.g., pleasure, displeasure) of affective experiences. Previous research on the relation between pleasant trait affect and unpleasant trait affect has yielded inconsistent results. In the present article, the authors demonstrate that these inconsistencies are resolved once the theoretical distinctions between facets are recognized. In particular, they show that the facets “frequency of pleasant emotions” and “frequency of unpleasant emotions” are positively correlated. In contrast, the amount of time that people are in a pleasant mood is negatively correlated with the amount of time that people are in an unpleasant mood.
CNN based music emotion classification

Music emotion recognition (MER) is usually regarded as a multi-label tagging task, and each segment of music can inspire specific emotion tags. Most researchers extract acoustic features from music and explore the relations between these features and their corresponding emotion tags. Considering the inconsistency of emotions inspired by the same music segment for human beings, seeking for the key acoustic features that really affect on emotions is really a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a novel MER method by using deep convolutional neural network (CNN) on the music spectrograms that contains both the original time and frequency domain information. By the proposed method, no additional effort on extracting specific features required, which is left to the training procedure of the CNN model. Experiments are conducted on the standard CAL500 and CAL500exp dataset. Results show that, for both datasets, the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
Influence of inflorescence size on sexual expression and female reproductive success in a monoecious species.

Sex allocation theory forecasts that larger plant size may modify the balance in fitness gain in both genders, leading to uneven optimal male and female allocation. This reasoning can be applied to flowers and inflorescences, because the increase in flower or inflorescence size can differentially benefit different gender functions, and thus favour preferential allocation to specific floral structures. We investigated how inflorescence size influenced sexual expression and female reproductive success in the monoecious Tussilago farfara, by measuring patterns of biomass, and N and P allocation. Inflorescences of T. farfara showed broad variation in sex expression and, according to expectations, allocation to different sexual structures showed an allometric pattern. Unexpectedly, two studied populations had a contrasting pattern of sex allocation with an increase in inflorescence size. In a shaded site, larger inflorescences were female-biased and had disproportionately more allocation to attraction structures; while in an open site, larger inflorescences were male-biased. Female reproductive success was higher in larger, showier inflorescences. Surprisingly, male flowers positively influenced female reproductive success. These allometric patterns were not easily interpretable as a result of pollen limitation when naïvely assuming an unequivocal relationship between structure and function for the inflorescence structures. In this and other Asteraceae, where inflorescences are the pollination unit, both male and female flowers can play a role in pollinator attraction.