Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drying time of tray adhesive for adequate tensile bond strength between polyvinylsiloxane impression and tray resin material

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Use of custom tray and tray adhesive is clinically recommended for elastomeric impression material. However there is not clear mention of drying time of tray adhesive in achieving appropriate bonding strength of tray material and impression material. PURPOSE This study is to investigate an appropriate drying time of tray adhesives by evaluating tensile bonding strength between two types of polyvinylsiloxane impression materials and resin tray, according to various drying time intervals of tray adhesives, and with different manufacturing company combination of impression material and tray adhesive. MATERIAL AND METHODS Adhesives used in this study were Silfix (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, Del, USA) and VPS Tray Adhesive (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) and impression materials were Aquasil Ultra (monophase regular set, Dentsply Caulk, Milford, Del, USA) and Imprint II Garant (regular body, 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany). They were used combinations from the same manufacture and exchanged combinations of the two. The drying time was designed to air dry, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, and 25 minutes. Total 240 of test specimens were prepared by auto-polymerizing tray material (Instant Tray Mix, Lang, Wheeling, Il, USA) with 10 specimens in each group. The specimens were placed in the Universal Testing machine (Instron, model 3366, Instron Corp, University avenue, Nowood, MA, USA) to perform the tensile test (cross head speed 5 mm/min). The statistically efficient drying time was evaluated through ANOVA and Scheffe test. All the tests were performed at 95% confidence level. RESULTS The results revealed that at least 10 minutes is needed for Silfix-Aquasil, and 15 minutes for VPS Tray Adhesive-Imprint II, to attain an appropriate tensile bonding strength. VPS Tray Adhesive-Imprint II had a superior tensile bonding strength when compared to Silfix-Aquasil over 15 minutes. Silfix-Aquasil had a superior bonding strength to VPS Tray Adhesive-Aquasil, and VPS Tray Adhesive-Imprint II had a superior tensile bonding strength to Silfix-Imprint II at all drying periods. CONCLUSION Significant increase in tensile bonding strength with Silfix-Aquasil and VPS Tray adhesive-Imprint II combination until 10 and 15 minutes respectively. Tray adhesive-impression material combination from the same company presented higher tensile bonding strength at all drying time intervals than when using tray adhesive-impression material of different manufactures.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON MOTIVATION FOR SELF-EMPLOYMENT

The objective of this paper is to study the direct and mediating effects on the motivation to become self-employed of a set of two individual factors (entrepreneurial self-efficacy and risk-taking) and five environmental factors (family self-employment background, social networks, social norms, legal system support and governmental support). Based on 535 cases from the United States, results show that legal system support, social networks, social norms, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and risk-taking had a strong impact on motivation for self-employment. Family self-employment history only had a direct effect and social networks and social norms only had an indirect effect on motivation for self-employment. Our study contributes to the literature by studying motivation for self-employment, at the "middle level" of complexity by providing a summary evaluation of a model involving 17 relationships among eight constructs. In so doing, we have also given substantial attention to context. Our results suggest the need to take into account individual and environmental factors systemically and contextually. Limitations and future research are discussed.
An Examination of Genre Attributes for Web Page Classification

In this paper, we describe a set of experiments to examine the effect of various attributes of web genre on the automatic identification of the genre of web pages. Four different genres are used in the data set, namely, FAQ, News, E-Shopping and Personal Home Pages. The effects of the number of features used to represent the web pages (5, 20, or 100) as well as the types of attributes, <content, form, functionality>, singly and in various combinations are examined. The results indicate that fewer features produce better precision but more features produce better recall, and that attributes in combinations will always perform better than single attributes.
Explaining school mathematics performance from symbolic and nonsymbolic magnitude processing: similarities and differences between typical and low-achieving children

Magnitude processing is one of the most central cognitive mechanisms that underlie persistent mathematics difficulties. No consensus has yet been reached about whether these difficulties can be predominantly attributed to deficits in symbolic or nonsymbolic magnitude processing. To investigate this issue, we assessed symbolic and nonsymbolic magnitude representations in children with low or typical achievement in school mathematics. Response latencies and the distance effect were comparable between groups in both symbolic and nonsymbolic tasks. The results indicated that both typical and low achievers were able to access magnitude representation via symbolic and nonsymbolic processing. However, low achievers presented higher error rates than typical achievers, especially in the nonsymbolic task. Furthermore, measures of nonsymbolic magnitude explained individual differences in school mathematics better than measures of symbolic magnitude when considering all of the children together. When examining the groups separately, symbolic magnitude representation explained differences in school mathematics in low achievers but not in typical achievers. These results suggest that symbolic magnitude is more relevant to solving arithmetic problems when mathematics achievement is particularly low. In contrast, individual differences in nonsymbolic processing appear to be related to mathematics achievement in a more general manner.
A Network Perspective on the Organization of Social Housing in the Netherlands: the Case of Urban Renewal in The Hague

In the past 15 years Dutch housing associations have undergone a transformation from strictly regulated and heavily subsidized organizations to financially and administratively independent enterprises. This transformation has sparked a lively debate on regulation and the role of the government in social housing. There is a broad consensus that something needs to be done about the operations of housing associations in the Netherlands. Hence, their position and performance are a current topic of discussion in the Dutch Parliament. In this paper we examine public management from a network perspective. We envisage the policy environment as a network of players and explore three key concepts: “multiformity”, “closed‐ness” and “interdependence”. The government is not the dominant party in this scenario, but one of several players with their own specific goals and resources. To be sure of a good performance, instruments of governance need to be in tune with the characteristics of the network. This paper discusses the instruments applied in the Dutch social housing network and uses the results of a case study in The Hague to illustrate the efficacy of the network perspective in social housing analyses and to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the current governance structure.
A woman with breathlessness: a practical approach to diagnosis and management

Worsening breathless in a patient with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common diagnostic and management challenge in primary care. A systematic approach to history-taking and examination combined with targeted investigation of pulmonary, cardiovascular, thromboembolic and systemic causes is essential if co-morbidities are to be identified and managed. Distinguishing between heart failure and COPD is a particular challenge as symptoms and signs overlap. In low and middle income countries additional priorities are the detection of infections such as tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Clinicians need to be alert to the possibility of atypical presentations (such as pain-free variants of angina) and less common conditions (including chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension) in order not to overlook important potentially treatable conditions.
THE DYNAMIC SELF-CONCEPT: A Social Psychological Perspective

incorporating first behaviors (e.g. "good at doing sums"), then traits ("smart"), then single abstractions ("scientific"), then higher order abstrac­ tions ("intellectual"). Within each of the phases, there is an alternating sequence of first overgeneralizing self-conceptions and then differentiating
Value of C reactive protein in the assessment of erosive osteoarthritis of the hand

Objective: To investigate the value of serum C reactive protein (CRP) as a marker of erosive osteoarthritis (EOA) of the hand. Methods: Ninety eight patients, 67 with EOA and 31 with non-EOA of the hand, were included in the study and analysed for radiographic score (RS), number of erosions, and joint count (JC) at clinical observation and at bone scintigraphy. CRP was assayed in a serum sample by a highly sensitive immunonephelometric method. Results: The median (interquartile range) CRP level was 4.7 (2.4–6.9) mg/l in the EOA and 2.1 (0.5–4.9) mg/l in the non-EOA group (p = 0.001). In all patients, CRP correlated with RS (rs = 0.43, p<0.001), and mainly with JC at clinical observation (rs = 0.72, p<0.001) and at bone scintigraphy (rs = 0.47, p<0.001). The correlation of CRP with RS and JC was confirmed at clinical observation and at bone scintigraphy in the EOA subgroup, but only with JC at clinical observation in the non-EOA subgroup. Conclusions: CRP levels are higher in EOA than in non-EOA patients. These levels probably reflect the disease activity of EOA, as suggested by correlations between CRP and JC at clinical observation and at bone scintigraphy.
Effect of Ethnicity on Parenting Styles and Attitudes Toward Violence Among Jewish and Arab Muslim Israeli Mothers

The cultural heterogeneity of Israeli society creates a unique opportunity to study the effects of ethnicity and intergenerational differences on parenting styles, attitudes, and practices. Three groups of mother–daughter dyads took part in the study: Native-born Jewish (NBJ) Israelis (155 dyads), Jewish Mizrahi (JM) immigrants (immigrants from Muslim countries (133 dyads), and native-born Arab Muslim (NBA) Israelis (86 dyads). Participants were located through a “snowball” process in which participants referred their friends to the researchers or gave the researchers names of potential participants. Interethnic differences were found in the mothers’ generation, with JM mothers falling in between NBJ and NBA mothers. This trend changed when we examined differences between the daughters. Although intergenerational differences were found in all groups, the differences were more prominent among Jewish mother–daughter dyads than among mother–daughter dyads in the Muslim population. Contrary to the research hypothesis, the parenting style of JM women was closer to that of NBJ mothers than to NBA mothers. The findings are discussed with reference to the complexity of Israeli society and to the encounter between the culture of the immigrant women who came from Muslim countries and the Western culture of the host society.
Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Stressor and Psychological Stress Response

Based on the theoretical analysis, with first-hand data collection and using multiple regression models, this study explored the relationship between openness, conscientiousness and extraversion, stressor and psychological stress response and figured out interactive effect of openness, conscientiousness and extraversion, and stressor on psychological stress response. We draw on the following conclusions: (1) the interaction term of stressor (family) and openness can negatively predict psychological stress response; (2) the interaction term of stressor (social) and conscientiousness can positively predict psychological stress response; (3) the interaction term of stressor (social) and extraversion can negatively predict psychological stress response.
DNA taxonomy of a neglected animal phylum: an unexpected diversity of tardigrades

A molecular survey technique was used to investigate the diversity of terrestrial tardigrades from three sites within Scotland. Ribosomal small subunit sequence was used to classify specimens into molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTU). Most MOTU were identified to the generic level using digital voucher photography. Thirty–two MOTU were defined, a surprising abundance given that the documented British fauna is 68 species. Some tardigrade MOTU were shared between the two rural collection sites, but no MOTU were found in both urban and rural sites, which conflicts with models of ubiquity of meiofaunal taxa. The patterns of relatedness of MOTU were particularly intriguing, with some forming clades with low levels of divergence, suggestive of taxon flocks. Some morphological taxa contained well–separated MOTU, perhaps indicating the existence of cryptic taxa. DNA sequence–based MOTU proved to be a revealing method for meiofaunal diversity studies.
Cataracts in atopic dermatitis: a case presentation and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disorder of increasing prevalence. Many ophthalmologic conditions are associated with AD, including cataract formation. Posterior and anterior subcapsular cataracts have been described in AD. Topical and systemic corticosteroids have been implicated in the development of cataracts. The precise pathogenic mechanisms and risk factors for development of atopic cataract are not clear. OBSERVATION We report a case of cataract development in a child with severe AD and performed an extensive review of the dermatologic and ophthalmologic literature pertaining to AD and cataract formation. The incidence, demographics, pathogenesis, and characteristics of atopic cataracts are evaluated. CONCLUSIONS Atopic dermatitis alone is a risk factor to develop both posterior and anterior subcapsular cataracts. There is a slightly increased probability of posterior subcapsular cataracts. However, anterior subcapsular cataracts are more specific to AD. A positive correlation was found between atopic cataract development and a decreased inducibility of superoxide dismutase. This suggests that atopic cataract development is correlated with oxidative damage of the lens and related to chronic inflammation.
Treatment of elderly patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is dramatically increased in patients above the age of 65 years up to an incidence rate of 22–30/100 000. Although elderly patients represent the largest group of CLL patients they are clearly underrepresented in clinical trials. One important prognostic factor in the elderly is the burden of comorbidity. Survival is significantly impaired in CLL patients with multiple comorbidities (≥2) or with severe comorbidity (Charlson score ≥2). Therefore, not only age but also the incidence and burden of comorbidity should influence the choice of treatment strategy for every patient individually. A reliable tool for measuring comorbidity is the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale. The German CLL Study Group (GCLLSG) has used this tool within their clinical trials to distinguish between physically fit and non-fit patients. Although chlorambucil is still the standard treatment of choice in non-fit patients, dose-reduced purine analogue-based combination therapies with or without immunotherapy are currently investigated within clinical trials. Because full-dosed combination treatment might cause increased toxicity rates in relapse situation, dose-reduced combination therapies should be considered in this situation. An adequate supportive treatment is necessary for the prevention of toxicities as well as for the improvement of health-related quality of life. In summary, the treatment decision in elderly CLL patients is carefully to be made in each patient individually considering not only the stage and risk factors of the disease but also the patients' physical condition and social environment.
The Evidentiary Basis for Supported Employment Practice for Workers with Schizophrenia: A Thematic Analysis

The authors have conducted a thematic review of the literature on the evidence of, and enquiry into, individualized placement and support (IPS) efficacy as an intervention for people with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. Eight studies were identified that met all inclusion criteria. Explicit themes in the research included (a) investigation of the impact of schizophrenia sequelae on IPS efficacy and the differential impact of neurocognitive enhancement therapy in minimizing psychiatric symptoms and improving IPS outcomes and (b) IPS as an alternative to treatment-as-usual in different age demographics (older and younger clients). Implicit themes coalesced around a general theme of dealing with change, in practice and research, that implementing IPS implies. Each theme represents a challenge or confound to the research corpus and included (a) vaguely defined rationale for the issue of return on investment, (b) practical burden of overstressed and unprepared service structures, (c) diffuse outcome measures, (d) poor attention to IPS fidelity, and (e) lack of standard practice assigned to control groups identified as “treatment as usual. ” Seeing confounds as directions for improvement, these early studies open an important dialogue on best practice research in IPS application with workers with schizophrenia.
Trends in Research on Teaching and Learning in Schools: Didactics Meets Classroom Studies

The relation between teaching, instruction and children's learning arises whenever models of the teaching—learning process are discussed or whenever problems of learning occur. Despite massive research efforts we still know little about how differences in learning activities are related to students' learning. The primacy of teachers and teaching as the primary subjects of research has contributed to a rather limited understanding of what goes on in schools and classrooms. Few studies of teachers and teaching have examined the extent to which differences in teacher effectiveness are related to differences in teachers' subject matter knowledge, and there is still a tendency to discuss issues of teaching and learning in general terms separated from the content that has been taught. In this article the author argues for the need to bridge studies of teaching and learning with studies of the subject involved — to establish a conversation between didactics and classroom studies. An analytical design and framework able to bridge the teaching—learning gap needs to be developed. Emerging technologies in video/audio documentation provide one chain of investigations for bridging how different thematic patterns are linked to instructional activities and interaction formats in classrooms.
P16 Protein Expression in Primary Cutaneous Melanoma with Positive and Negative Lymph Node Biopsies: Particular Aspects of a Study Performed At the Hospital De Clinicas De Porto Alegre, Brazil

BACKGROUND Cutaneous melanoma dermal invasion, identified through measurement of maximum tumour thickness and sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy, is important to establish melanoma prognosis and progression. P16 protein expression has been shown to be a predictive factor for melanoma evolution and prognosis. OBJECTIVE To investigate p16 protein expression in cutaneous melanomas with and without SLN metastasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-seven paraffin-embedded cutaneous melanoma specimens of patients who had undergone SLN investigation were evaluated from 1995 to 2007. SLN biopsy was negative for metastasis in 34 of these patients (controls); in the remaining 33 patients, SLN biopsy was positive (cases). The expression of p16 protein in the primary tumour was measured using an immunohistochemical assay. The samples were classified according to their nuclear expression. RESULTS P16 nuclear expression was absent in 14 cases and in 15 controls; P=0.812. There was no statistically significant difference in p16 nuclear expression between cases and controls. CONCLUSIONS The present study does not support the findings of other studies that suggest p16 protein expression is important in the prognosis of cutaneous melanoma.
Community Health Workers and Mobile Technology: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Introduction In low-resource settings, community health workers are frontline providers who shoulder the health service delivery burden. Increasingly, mobile technologies are developed, tested, and deployed with community health workers to facilitate tasks and improve outcomes. We reviewed the evidence for the use of mobile technology by community health workers to identify opportunities and challenges for strengthening health systems in resource-constrained settings. Methods We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature from health, medical, social science, and engineering databases, using PRISMA guidelines. We identified a total of 25 unique full-text research articles on community health workers and their use of mobile technology for the delivery of health services. Results Community health workers have used mobile tools to advance a broad range of health aims throughout the globe, particularly maternal and child health, HIV/AIDS, and sexual and reproductive health. Most commonly, community health workers use mobile technology to collect field-based health data, receive alerts and reminders, facilitate health education sessions, and conduct person-to-person communication. Programmatic efforts to strengthen health service delivery focus on improving adherence to standards and guidelines, community education and training, and programmatic leadership and management practices. Those studies that evaluated program outcomes provided some evidence that mobile tools help community health workers to improve the quality of care provided, efficiency of services, and capacity for program monitoring. Discussion Evidence suggests mobile technology presents promising opportunities to improve the range and quality of services provided by community health workers. Small-scale efforts, pilot projects, and preliminary descriptive studies are increasing, and there is a trend toward using feasible and acceptable interventions that lead to positive program outcomes through operational improvements and rigorous study designs. Programmatic and scientific gaps will need to be addressed by global leaders as they advance the use and assessment of mobile technology tools for community health workers.
Cognitive Neuroscience, Shamanism and the Rock Art of Native California

The combination of ethnographic and cognitive neuroscience research provides considerable insight into the origin and symbolism of Native Californian rock art. Although made by different social groups for different purposes in various parts of the state, the ethnographic record demonstrates that the art depicts the mental imagery and somatic hallucinations of trance, taken to represent supernatural experiences. When this art is viewed from a cognitive neuroscience perspective, it suggests that the shamanistic state of consciousness was far from primarily "ecstatic," instead often involving the generation of unpleasant emotions; and that biochemical changes during trance necessitated the making of rock art if the memory of these supernatural experiences was to be preserved.