Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental manipulations of self-affirmation: A systematic review

The objective of this systematic review of studies using self-affirmation manipulations was to identify research gaps and provide information to guide future research. We describe study characteristics, categories of manipulations, and report effects on various dependent variables. Our search strategies yielded 47 eligible articles (69 studies). Manipulations varied by affirmation domain (values or personal characteristics), attainment (participant- or investigator-identified), and procedure (scale, essay, feedback, etc.). Most dependent variables were cognitive. Strong effects of self-affirmation were found for attitudes and persuasion/bias, but future work is needed for variables with mixed results including risk cognitions, intentions, and behavior. Suggestions and considerations for future research involving self-affirmation manipulations are discussed.
The Paradox of Autonomy: A Case of Academic Research Scientists

This paper considers the paradoxical effects of an autonomous leadership style. The well-documented empowering effect of autonomy on work attitudes is shown to be counterbalanced by the negative effects of isolation and a deprivation of valued inputs when a leader is uninvolved. The paradox of autonomy lies in these dual positive and negative influences. The diverse effects of autonomy are explained by the dynamic processes by which autonomy is granted to group members, using an interactionist perspective. The core dimensions of the autonomy process are direction and involvement. The interactions between leader and group member along these dimensions influence satisfaction differently, and motivation very little. It is suggested that there are substitutes for leadership that more directly affect motivation. Data were collected from an academic scientific research institute, using both qualitative and quantitative methods, from which these propositions emerged.
Policy Mobilities and Interdisciplinary Engagement

type="main"> This essay explores the nature and potential of interdisciplinarity in the expanding body of research on the circulation of policies between places. It focuses on the policy mobilities literature, highlighting its geographical underpinnings as well as its links to, and divergences from, literature beyond geography, in particular the political science-led work on policy transfer. Acknowledging the potential downfalls of interdisciplinarity, it calls for increased conversations and co-working between geographers, political scientists and other social scientists to explore the topic further.
Towards a Paradigm for Research on Social Representations

Based on Moscovici’s (1961) classical study on the cultivation of psychoanalytic ideas in France in the 1950’s and our own research on modern biotechnology, we propose a paradigm for researching social representations. Following a consideration of the nature of representations and of the ‘iconoclastic suspicion’ that haunts them, we propose a model of the emergence of meaning relating three elements: subjects, objects, and projects. The basic unit of analysis is the elongated triangle of mediation (SOPS): subject 1, object, project, and subject 2, captured in the image of a ‘Toblerone’. Such social units cultivate, that is produce, circulate and receive representation which may be embodied in four modes–habitual behaviour, individual cognition, informal communication and formal communication–and in three mediums–words, visual images or non-linguistic sounds. We propose an operational definition of a ‘social representation’ as the comparison of four characteristics of communication systems: the content structures (anchorings and objectifications; core and peripheral elements), the typified processes (diffusion, propagation, propaganda etc.), and their functions (identity, attitude, opinion, resistance, ideology etc.), within the context of segmented social milieus. Seven implications for research on social representations are outlined: (1) content and process; (2) segmentation by social milieus rather than taxonomies; (3) cultivation studies within social milieus; (4) multi-method (mode and medium) analysis; (5) time structures and longitudinal data; (6) the crossover of cultural projects and trajectories; (7) the disinterested research attitude. This ideal type paradigm leads to an operational clarification to identify new research questions, and to guide the design and evaluation of studies on social representations.
Extranodal Cancer Deposit at the Primary Tumor Site and the Number of Pulmonary Lesions Are Useful Prognostic Factors After Surgery for Colorectal Lung Metastases

AbstractPURPOSE: This study was undertaken to identify prognostic factors that can be used to predict prognosis after surgery for lung metastases from colorectal carcinoma. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively the clinical course of 37 patients who underwent surgical resection of primary colorectal cancer and metastatic lung disease at the National Defense Medical College Hospital between September 1986 and July 1999. We analyzed the prognostic factors with special reference to the clinicopathologic factors of primary tumors. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis indicated that the existence of an extranodal cancer deposit in the primary lesion (hazard ratio = 4.55, P = 0.009) and three or more lung metastases (hazard ratio = 2.9, P = 0.04) were significant indicators for poor prognosis. We divided the patients into two groups: Group A (n = 12) had neither of these two parameters, and Group B (n = 25) comprised all other patients. This two-ranked classification was significantly related to both survival rates (3-year and 5-year survival rate, 90.9 and 90.9 percent in Group A and 16.1 and 8.1 percent in Group B, respectively; P = 0.0003) and disease-free survival after thoracotomy (3-year and 5-year disease-free survival rate, 52.9 and 39.7 percent in Group A and 5.3 and 5.3 percent in Group B, respectively; P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: An extranodal cancer deposit at the primary tumor site is a new significant prognostic factor after resection of lung metastases from colorectal cancer. A two-ranked classification by extranodal cancer deposit and the number of pulmonary lesions can provide useful prognostic information for the treatment of lung metastasis. Surgical resection of pulmonary metastasis is expected to be very useful for patients in Group A.
Capital Flows, Cross-Border Banking and Global Liquidity

We investigate global factors associated with cross-border capital flows. We formulate a model of gross capital flows through the international banking system and derive a closed form solution that highlights the leverage cycle of global banks as being a prime determinant of the transmission of financial conditions across borders. We then test the predictions of our model in a panel study of 46 countries and find that global factors dominate local factors as determinants of banking sector capital flows.
Benign parotid tumors: A 24‐year experience

The medical records of 125 patients benign parotid neoplasms surgically treated over a 24‐year period were retrospectively reviewed; 128 tumors were excised. These included 90 pleomorphic adenomas, 33 Warthin's tumors, 3 benign lymphoepitheliomas, and 2 oncocytomas. The surgical procedures consisted of 2 local excisions, 6 enucleations, 88 superficial parotidectomies, 13 subtotal parotidectomies, and 3 radical parotidectomies. The morbidity rate was 49%. There was one total permanent facial nerve paralysis (0.7%), four (3%) partial permanent facial nerve paralysis, five (5%) transient total facial nerve paralysis, and 32 (25%) partial transient facial nerve paralysis. After a median follow‐up of 84 months, there was one recurrence (0.7%). A superficial parotidectomy is the minimum procedure that should be performed for the treatment of a benign parotid neoplasm.
Intrinsic Changes: Energy Saving Behaviour Among Resident University Students

Abstract This paper presents the results of a study that explored the effectiveness of three intervention strategies in facilitating energy saving behaviour among resident undergraduate university students. In contrast to a dominant practice of motivating with rewards or competition this study sought to appeal to students' intrinsic motivations. An experimental design was used with two intervention groups and a control group. The interventions were the provision of real-time feedback provided by an inhouse energy consumption display unit (ecoMeter) and a targeted social marketing approach. They were evaluated using energy consumption data and self-report data from the participants via an on-line survey and focus groups. Across the three research phases the rate of reduced electricity consumption for the interventions ranged from an average of 17% to 28% less than the control group. The findings provide evidence that facilitation of intrinsically motivated behaviours can result in reduced energy use and greenhouse gas emissions.
High-speed parallel external sorting of data with arbitrary distribution

Many parallel sorting algorithms of external disk data have been reported such as NOW-sort, SPsort, hill sort and so on. They all reduce the execution time compared with some known sequential sort; however, they differ in terms of the speed, throughput or cost-effectiveness. Mostly, they deal with uniformly distributed data in their value range. If we divide and redistribute data to processors by fixed and equal division of the key range, all processors will have about equal numbers of keys to sort and store. But if irregularly distributed data are given, the performance will suffer severely as the partitioning would no longer produce balanced loads among processors. Few research results have been reported for parallel external sort of data with arbitrary distribution. In this paper, we develop two distribution-insensitive scalable parallel external sorting algorithms that use sampling technique and histogram counts to achieve even distribution of keys, which eventually contribute to achieve good performance. Experimental results on a cluster of 16 Linux workstations show up to threefold enhancement of the performance compared with NOW-sort for sorting 16 GB integer keys.
Experiencing Social Work: Learning from Service Users

In Experiencing Social Work: Learning from Service Users people tell their stories of positive social work and the difference it has made to their lives. The book was inspired by a knowledge of the many positive stories of social work practice and a belief that we can learn more from what goes right than what goes wrong. Follow these stories to understand good practice, reflect on the lessons learned, and to feel uplifted by social work's potential for positive change, support and social justice. Each chapter is constructed around one or more case examples, emphasising the importance of service users' own knowledge in developing our learning about good practice. Other key features include: " a wide range of service user groups, including people with mental health problems, disabilities, parenting difficulties, living in care, those experiencing loss and other life transitions " editorial commentaries that unpack the core themes and issues from each practice example and open a dialogue to understand the experience and learn from it " a strong grounding in the ethical guidelines and skills-base required of all social work trainees and practitioners. This important book will encourage readers to learn from examples of positive practice, and will underline the significant role that social work plays in many people's lives. It will be an essential text for all undergraduate social work students and will also be useful for qualified social workers, service users, and carers.
Drug delivery from gelatin-based systems

Introduction: Carriers for controlled drug release offer many advantages compared with conventional dosage forms. Gelatin has been investigated extensively as a drug delivery carrier, due to its properties and history of safe use in a wide range of medical applications. Areas covered: Gelatin was shown to be versatile due to its intrinsic features that enable the design of different carrier systems, such as microparticles and nanoparticles, fibers and even hydrogels. Gelatin microparticles can serve as vehicles for cell amplification and for delivery of large bioactive molecules, whereas gelatin nanoparticles are better suited for intravenous delivery or for drug delivery to the brain. Gelatin fibers contain a high surface area-to-volume ratio, whereas gelatin hydrogels can trap molecules between the polymer’s crosslink gaps, allowing these molecules to diffuse into the blood stream. Another interesting area is the combination of tissue bioadhesive-based gelatin with controlled drug release for pain management and wound healing. Expert opinion: The modification of gelatin and its combinations with other biomaterials have demonstrated the flexibility of these systems and can be employed for meeting the challenges of finding ideal carrier systems that enable specific, targeted and controlled release in response to demands in the body.
Effects on Homework Completion and Accuracy of Varied and Constant Reinforcement Within an Interdependent Group Contingency System

The present study sought to evaluate the efficacy of an interdependent group contingency program on increasing homework completion and accuracy rates in fourth grade students in an elementary school. In addition, the present study attempted to determine whether randomized reinforcement was more effective than constant reinforcement. Overall, the data suggest that interdependent group contingencies using both constant and varied reinforcement were effective in improving both homework completion and accuracy. Although the homework completion rate for the control class remained relatively consistent across the measurement period, rates for both treatment classes increased with use of both varied and constant reinforcement. However, in contrast with most previous research, constant reinforcement appeared to be more efficacious than varied reinforcement.
Self-Collected Mid-Turbinate Swabs for the Detection of Respiratory Viruses in Adults with Acute Respiratory Illnesses

Background The gold standard for respiratory virus testing is a nasopharyngeal (NP) swab, which is collected by a healthcare worker. Midturbinate (MT) swabs are an alternative due to their ease of collection and possible self-collection by patients. The objective of this study was to compare the respiratory virus isolation of flocked MT swabs compared to flocked NP swabs. Methods Beginning in October 2008, healthy adults aged 18 to 69 years were recruited into a cohort and followed up for symptoms of influenza. They were asked to have NP and MT swabs taken as soon as possible after the onset of a fever or two or more respiratory symptoms with an acute onset. The swabs were tested for viral respiratory infections using Seeplex® RV12 multiplex PCR detection kit. Seventy six pairs of simultaneous NP and MT swabs were collected from 38 symptomatic subjects. Twenty nine (38%) of these pairs were positive by either NP or MT swabs or both. Sixty nine (91%) of the pair results were concordant. Two samples (3%) for hCV OC43/HKU1 and 1 sample (1%) for rhinovirus A/B were positive by NP but negative by MT. One sample each for hCV 229E/NL63, hCV OC43/HKU1, respiratory syncytial virus A, and influenza B were positive by MT but negative by NP. Conclusions Flocked MT swabs are sensitive for the diagnosis of multiple respiratory viruses. Given the ease of MT collection and similar results between the two swabs, it is likely that MT swabs should be the preferred method of respiratory cell collection for outpatient studies. In light of this data, larger studies should be performed to ensure that this still holds true and data should also be collected on the patient preference of collection methods.
Daily Talk as Self-Realization: An Empirical Study on Participation in Daily Talk Shows

In this study, I examined the reasons why television audiences want to be on television and why they want to participate in shows as talking guests. To answer these questions, I assessed German daily talk shows and their audiences. The theory of symbolic self-completion (Wicklund & Gollwitzer, 1982) was applied to explain the wish to participate in a show. Self-realization is suggested as a higher order motive, including goals such as getting therapy and confessing in such a show. Two empirical studies were conducted. In the first study, 66 viewers of daily talk shows were interviewed with a qualitative procedure to explore if and why they would attend a talk show. Clues to lay participation as an act of self-symbolizing were deduced. Furthermore, the results of the study show that viewers engaged one of two viewing modes, distanced or involved. A follow-up experiment with 33 research participants was carried out. The findings support the hypothesis that people who are considering media participation strive for self-realization and self-symbolizing.
Timed I/O automata: a mathematical framework for modeling and analyzing real-time systems

We describe the timed input/output automata (TIOA) framework, a general mathematical framework for modeling and analyzing real-time systems. It is based on timed I/O automata, which engage in both discrete transitions and continuous trajectories. The framework includes a notion of external behavior, and notions of composition and abstraction. We define safety and liveness properties for timed I/O automata, and a notion of receptiveness, and prove basic results about all of these notions. The TIOA framework is defined as a special case of the new hybrid I/O automata (HIOA) modeling framework for hybrid systems. Specifically, a TIOA is an HIOA with no external variables; thus, TIOAs communicate via shared discrete actions only, and do not interact continuously. This restriction is consistent with previous real-time system models, and gives rise to some simplifications in the theory (compared to HIOA). The resulting model is expressive enough to describe complex timing behavior, and to express the important ideas of previous timed automata frameworks.
Reaching out, hooking up: Lavender netlife in a New Zealand study

The Internet has changed the way people manage information and, to some extent, the way people manage their identities. Using data from a New Zealand study, this article examines the use of the Internet for constructing lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) communities (reaching out) and the extent to which LGB people use the Internet to facilitate sexual contact (hooking up). A small but stable number of New Zealand-born respondents used the Internet for first and continuing contact with LGB communities. Asian-born immigrants were more likely to use the Internet for both primary and continuing contact with LGB communities. Internet use for hooking up differed by sex. Men were the highest users of the Internetfor hooking up, regardless of their age, income, or relationship status. The Internet can provide links to and within LGB communities, both for recruiting research participants and for delivering information.
VotApedia for Student Engagement in Academic Integrity Education

VotApedia is a form of student response system (SRS) with features which make it highly applicable to the modern classroom. Instead of using ‘clickers’, VotApedia allows educators to pose multiple-choice questions (MCQs) via a website which students then respond to using their mobile phone. While SRSs have been used in a variety of disciplines so far (mostly natural and health sciences), their potential for student development activities such as academic skills is, as yet, untapped. In particular, academic integrity education is a low-assessment but high-stakes context which lends itself to information-transmission models focused on the definitions of and punishments for plagiarism, and conveying strategies for avoiding plagiarism or achieving academic writing. Therefore, VotApedia aims to increase student engagement in academic integrity learning and specifically allow for the correction of misconceptions. This article reports on the implementation of VotApedia in a lecture for international students entitled ‘Plagiarism and Referencing’. The main finding is a positive observed effect on student engagement and specifically the potential for correcting misconceptions. Student responses to questions posed via VotApedia revealed misunderstandings of issues around plagiarism and referencing, especially regarding interpretation of Turnitin reports, and allowed for correction through discussion of these issues. Fifteen student reflections in the form of blogs also indicate high engagement, a high level of appreciation for the use of the technology and unexpected metacognitive activity among students. Strengths and weaknesses of VotApedia are discussed, as well as possibilities for future research.
Tracking of cervical cancer in 7,519 patients: a study of the prevalence of altered cytologies.

PURPOSE To evaluate the outcome and adherence of 535 patients with cytological changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study of 7519 smear tests harvested in 2007. RESULTS Of the 7,519 (100%) patients analyzed, 6,964 (92.6%) had cytology negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy, 535 (7.1%) abnormalities in epithelial cells, and 20 (0.3%) were unsatisfactory. Of these 535 (100%) patients, 511 (95.5%) were referred to the outpatient clinic and colposcopic exam submitted and 24 (4.5%) did not return to the clinic. The group participated in the ambulatory visits, 302 (59.1%) underwent colposcopy-guided biopsy, and the remaining 209 (40.9%) examinations were negative. CONCLUSION The cytological examination remains the method of choice for cervical cancer screening. It includes low costs, is effective, and well-accepted. Early diagnosis minimises the cost of research. Universities have an important role in the training of health professionals and also in the development of research.
Continuities and Discontinuities

Using the migration narratives collected during a qualitative study of immigrant adolescent girls from 35 nations living in New York City, this article explores the intersection between adolescence and migration, and how adolescent immigrant girls' family relationships are impacted by the pattern of their migration. Unit of migration, e.g. intact family, parent/child, and/or process of migration e.g. mother-first and prolonged parent-child separations, were found to frequently presage positive or negative post-arrival family experiences. The findings suggest the need for social work scholars and practitioners to focus more on the dynamic intersection of migration patterns and adolescent development. The article identifies specific interventions that may reduce the occurrence of immigrant related stresses amongst adolescents, as well as areas for further research.