Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Labor Contract Duration, Indexation, and Wage Adjustment: Interdependence and Inflation Propagation Mechanisms

We study simultaneously the three main outcomes of collective bargaining negotiations, namely indexation, non-indexed wage adjustment, and contract duration. The wage adjustment equation accommodates varying degrees of wage indexation in the current and previous contracts. The elasticity of indexation, a latent variable, deals with both the incidence and intensity of wage indexation and links consistently with the wage equation. Duration, which may change between contracts, is shown to depend on indexed and non-indexed wage adjustment, obviating the need for expected inflation in the empirical duration equations of earlier work. Complex intra- and inter-contract inflation propagation mechanisms involve expected inflation and inflation uncertainty in an essential way. The model accounts for the secular doubling of contract duration and dramatic decrease in indexation and non-contingent wage adjustment.
Growth Opportunities, Assets in Place, Stocks Migration and CAPM: A Rational Foundation for the Fama-French and Momentum Factors

Can the Fama-French (1993) factors and Carhart’s (1997) momentum factor be derived from CAPM? Surprisingly, the answer is YES, once a basic form of stock market incompleteness is accounted for. Investors cannot trade growth opportunities (GOs) separately from net assets in place (NAIPs). Because shares are sold as bundled units containing set amounts of GOs and NAIPs, investors do not fulfill their potential demands for GOs and NAIPs “shares” when buying value and growth stocks. The mean reversion of profitability and price-to-book ratios that leads to predictable patterns of stock migration across cap and style categories (Fama and French, 2007) plays a key role in the analysis. The momentum factor is related to the temporary mean-aversion of price-to book ratios for stocks that transit through the neutral category.
First-Mover Advantage through Distribution: A Decomposition Approach

Whereas the extant literature on entry-order effects establishes that first entrants often earn higher market shares ("market-share advantage"), the literature on distribution suggests increased distribution has a positive effect on sales. Can distribution help us better understand entry-order effects on market shares? This paper examines how the first entrant in a geographical market achieves a market-share advantage through distribution. For this purpose, I propose a simple method of decomposing sales into physical distribution and sales performance. The data come from a manually collected panel on six major Japanese convenience-store chains from 47 geographical markets between 1991 and 2007. Using an instrumental variable approach to deal with the potential endogeneity of entry order, I find the market-share advantage for the first chain brand is positive. Specifically, the physical distribution, measured by the number of outlets in a market, drives most of the advantage. This paper further finds the density of own outlets is nonmonotonically related (inverted U) to sales performance per outlet, suggesting dynamic outlet expansion faces a trade-off between business-stealing effects within a chain ("cannibalization") and advertising effects through repetition.
Epidemiologic Intervention Framework of a Prehospital Emergency Medical Service

Objectives. To describe andanalyze the characteristics of prehospital medical assistance provided by the Madrid Municipal Emergency andCivil Rescue & Protection Service (SAMUR); and, based on the epidemiologic knowledge so gained, to prioritize public health intervention strategies. Methods. A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of all medical services performed by the SAMUR–Protección Civil in 2001 and2002. Study variables included causes, response times, hour, day of the week, month, mobile resource, Municipal District, andpathology. For analysis purposes, the relevant data were linked to Access 97 via Open Database Connectivity. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS computer software package, with Spearman's correlation coefficient andanalysis of variance. Values were deemed statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results. The study population comprised the 97,937 and101,438 interventions undertaken in 2001 and2002, respectively. Mean daily activity in 2002 involved 278 alerts (standard deviation: 46), 95% confidence interval: 273–282. Distributions of the interventions were similar for 2001 and2002, with peak activity from 1 to 2 pm and8 to 9 pm, andminimum activity from 6 to 7 am. Activity was at its most intense on Saturdays. The magnitude of the association between the two years by day of the week was 96% (p < 0.001). The Central Municipal District (Centro) triggered 17,875 emergency actions. The prevalent pathology was traumatologic, followed by cardiovascular. Conclusions. Epidemiologic description enabled the characteristics of the prehospital assistance procedure to be comprehensively ascertained andquantified. False alarms assume special relevance due to their implications. Emergency medical alerts with a psychosocial component are on the increase, something that must be controlled.
Pharmacokinetics of Ganciclovir during Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration in Critically Ill Patients

ABSTRACT Ganciclovir is an antiviral agent that is frequently used in critically ill patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. Continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) is a common extracorporeal renal replacement therapy in intensive care unit patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of ganciclovir in anuric patients undergoing CVVHDF. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed for nine critically ill patients with proven or suspected CMV infection who were undergoing CVVHDF. All patients received a single dose of ganciclovir at 5 mg/kg of body weight intravenously. Serum and ultradiafiltrate concentrations were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and these data were used for pharmacokinetic analysis. Mean peak and trough prefilter ganciclovir concentrations were 11.8 ± 3.5 mg/liter and 2.4 ± 0.7 mg/liter, respectively. The pharmacokinetic parameters elimination half-life (24.2 ± 7.6 h), volume of distribution (81.2 ± 38.3 liters), sieving coefficient (0.76 ± 0.1), total clearance (2.7 ± 1.2 liters/h), and clearance of CVVHDF (1.5 ± 0.2 liters/h) were determined. Based on population pharmacokinetic simulations with respect to a target area under the curve (AUC) of 50 mg · h/liter and a trough level of 2 mg/liter, a ganciclovir dose of 2.5 mg/kg once daily seems to be adequate for anuric critically ill patients during CVVHDF.
Acute myeloid leukemia with deletion 9q within a noncomplex karyotype is associated with CEBPA loss‐of‐function mutations

To assess the prevalence of mutations in the CEBPA gene, which encodes the myeloid transcription factor CEBPA in specific cytogenetic subgroups, we initially studied 125 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Five of the eight patients with del(9q) as the sole aberration or in combination with a single additional abnormality other than t(8;21) had CEBPA mutations associated with loss of CEBPA function. Consequently, 41 additional del(9q) cases were analyzed; nine had CEBPA loss‐of‐function mutations. The overall prevalence of CEBPA loss‐of‐function mutations in cases with del(9q) in a noncomplex karyotype was 41% (14 of 34 patients), whereas none of the patients who had a del(9q) in a complex karyotype (n = 7) or together with a t(8;21) (n = 10) demonstrated mutant CEBPA. We have shown for the first time that AML with del(9q) in the context of a noncomplex karyotype is strongly associated with CEBPA loss‐of‐function mutations. Loss of a critical segment of 9q, most likely in 9q22, and disruption of CEBPA function possibly cooperate in the pathogenesis of del(9q) AML. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accounting prescription and practice in nineteenth-century France. An analysis of bankruptcy cases

Following Colbert's Ordonnance of 1673, most of whose provisions were reiterated in the Code de Commerce, 1807 and the Law of Bankruptcy, 1838, traders in France were under a legal obligation to keep accounts of their business activities. In the event of bankruptcy, traders were potentially subject to severe sanctions for failure to comply. However, research carried out by Lemarchand (1994) has shown that the obligation on traders to keep books had no significant practical impact in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Utilising 500 bankruptcy case files covering the period 1847 to 1887, contained in the archives of the Paris Court of Commerce, the paper sets out to investigate the impact of the legal obligation on traders’ accounting practices in a later period. The object is to shed light on the extent to which legislation influenced the diffusion of accounting practice in nineteenth-century France. The study offers insights to the divergences between accounting prescription and accounting practice.
The Voluntary Provision of Public Goods under Varying Income Distributions

The T. C. Bergstrom, L. E. Blume, and H. R. Varian (1986) model of voluntary contributions to public goods predicts increases in public good provision as the distribution of income becomes more unequal. This model is tested in the laboratory. Group behavior conforms to the model but individual behavior does not. Individuals with low incomes overcontribute to the public good; individuals with high incomes undercontribute. Coauthors are Stuart Mestelman, Rob Moir, and R. Andrew Muller.
Renal vascular resistance properties and glomerular protection in early established SHR hypertension

Objective To characterize the in vivo vascular properties of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) renal vascular bed by examining vascular conductance/resistance responsiveness to vasoactive agents in vivo and determining whether the filtration surface area of glomerular capillaries is reduced. Design and methods In vivo renal blood flow responses to intrarenally administered angiotensin II, phenylephrine and acetylcholine were compared in 10-week-old SHR and Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats using a wide range of doses from near threshold to near maximal effect. Unbiased stereological techniques and high-resolution light microscopy were used to estimate the surface area and length of glomerular capillaries, and evidence of capillary damage. Results The SHR renal bed demonstrated significantly enhanced dose–vascular resistance responses to vasoconstrictors. For vascular conductance and calculated radius of resistance vessels, the SHR curves were significantly lower across the full dilator–constrictor range examined, but the dose-related changes were similar to those of WKY rats. There were only modest enhancements of the renal blood flow responses in the SHR, evident only when renal blood flow was reduced by more than 50% SHR and WKY rats did not differ in mean glomerular capillary surface area (0.13 ± 0.02 mm2 and 0.14 ± 0.02 mm2, respectively) or length (5.76 ± 0.85 mm and 5.48 ± 0.90 mm, respectively) nor was there evidence of glomerular capillary damage in either strain. Conclusions The renal vascular bed of the SHR in vivo exhibits reduced vascular conductance across a wide vasomotor range, compatible with findings in other vascular beds. We have further shown no evidence of reduced glomerular capillary surface area or damage. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that the reduced conductance of the SHR pre-glomerular vasculature increases the aorta-capillary pressure gradient thus protecting the glomerular capillaries from systemic hypertension at this age.
Trust and Uncertainty: A Study of Bank Lending to Private SMEs in Vietnam

This research explores the question of how – in the absence of institutions that legitimate markets, contracts, and private property, and the lack of business data – banks make loan decisions to the private sector. We conducted in-depth interviews with 23 bankers of state-owned and private banks in Vietnam. Our results suggests that in the absence of effective market institutions and business data, banks in Vietnam face considerable uncertainties (rather than risks) in lending to private businesses. Consequently, banks employ a combination of uncertainty avoidance, and reliance on trust, in lending to their private business clients. We also found a strong association between types of banks (state and privately owned) and uncertainty strategies, as well as strong relationships between types of banks and trust development mechanisms.
Analysis of clock-regulated genes in Neurospora reveals widespread posttranscriptional control of metabolic potential

Significance Circadian clocks regulate gene expression levels to allow an organism to anticipate environmental conditions. These clocks reside in all the major branches of life and confer a competitive advantage to the organisms that maintain them. The clock in the fungus Neurospora crassa is an excellent model for basic understanding of core circadian architecture as well as for filamentous fungi. Here, we identify genes whose expression is clock regulated; indeed, as much as 40% of the transcriptome may be clock regulated, broadly directing daytime catabolism and nighttime growth. Both transcriptional control and posttranscriptional regulation play major roles in control of cycling transcripts such that DNA binding of transcription factors alone appears insufficient to set the phase of circadian transcription. Neurospora crassa has been for decades a principal model for filamentous fungal genetics and physiology as well as for understanding the mechanism of circadian clocks. Eukaryotic fungal and animal clocks comprise transcription-translation–based feedback loops that control rhythmic transcription of a substantial fraction of these transcriptomes, yielding the changes in protein abundance that mediate circadian regulation of physiology and metabolism: Understanding circadian control of gene expression is key to understanding eukaryotic, including fungal, physiology. Indeed, the isolation of clock-controlled genes (ccgs) was pioneered in Neurospora where circadian output begins with binding of the core circadian transcription factor WCC to a subset of ccg promoters, including those of many transcription factors. High temporal resolution (2-h) sampling over 48 h using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) identified circadianly expressed genes in Neurospora, revealing that from ∼10% to as much 40% of the transcriptome can be expressed under circadian control. Functional classifications of these genes revealed strong enrichment in pathways involving metabolism, protein synthesis, and stress responses; in broad terms, daytime metabolic potential favors catabolism, energy production, and precursor assembly, whereas night activities favor biosynthesis of cellular components and growth. Discriminative regular expression motif elicitation (DREME) identified key promoter motifs highly correlated with the temporal regulation of ccgs. Correlations between ccg abundance from RNA-Seq, the degree of ccg-promoter activation as reported by ccg-promoter–luciferase fusions, and binding of WCC as measured by ChIP-Seq, are not strong. Therefore, although circadian activation is critical to ccg rhythmicity, posttranscriptional regulation plays a major role in determining rhythmicity at the mRNA level.
Higher laryngeal preservation rate after CO2 laser surgery compared with radiotherapy in T1a glottic laryngeal carcinoma

Clinical outcome of endoscopic CO2 laser surgery and radiotherapy in early‐stage glottic laryngeal carcinoma is difficult to compare because of differences in treatment selection and patient groups. Therefore, we compared local control, overall survival, and laryngeal preservation in a homogenous group of patients with T1a glottic carcinoma with normal/diminished mucosal wave treated with either CO2 laser surgery or radiotherapy.
Biological Activities of Indian Celery, Seseli diffusum (Roxb. ex Sm.) Sant. & Wagh

In continuation of our work on Indian celery (Seseli diffusum (Roxb. ex Sm.) Santapau & Wagh; Umbelliferae), the fractionation of the 80% MeOH–H2O extract of the seeds was performed to identify the principles responsible for its folk use as an antispasmodic and diuretic. Several compounds were isolated as active components: seselin (1) and anthriscinol methyl ether (4) showed a selective cytotoxicity to some yeast strains. Compound 1 also showed spasmolytic activity. On the other hand, isopimpinellin (3) and isorutarin (5) exhibited a spasmogenic effect on the smooth muscle preparations. Compound 5 was also found to have antioxidant activity. Among them, compound 4 was isolated for the first time from this plant. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Impacts of Farmer Cooperatives on the Well-Being of Cocoa Producing Villages in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana

Abstract World cocoa prices fell by 48% from 2002 to 2005, with direct impacts on the incomes, health, and nutrition of cocoa producers. This study investigates whether cocoa cooperatives can improve the productivity, incomes, and well-being of producers. Information was gathered from focus groups, survey questionnaires, and anthropometric measurements in the two major producing countries, Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana, and subjected to both quantitative and qualitative analysis to test seven hypotheses about the possible benefits of cooperatives. Results showed that cooperatives did have a positive impact on the income, health, and well-being of producers, and these benefits also spread to the surrounding community.
The Low Level of Organizational Social Capital in Hotels—A New Zealand Case Study

Hotels, like other organizations, are constantly seeking to increase productivity; however, achieving this can be more challenging for service sectors organizations. Developing and maintaining a positive level of Organizational Social Capital (OSC)—an organizations soft asset—is said to be a productivity enhancement strategy; therefore, measuring and monitoring OSC is important. This research presents the New Zealand hotel industry's first measurement of OSC level. This is the initial stage within a longitudinal study to understand how OSC impacts productivity. A total of 509 employees from 31 hotels participated in this research, with the major finding and concern being the low level of OSC.
Product costing in UK manufacturing organizations

This paper reports and comments on the findings from a questionnaire survey on the product costing practices used by 260 UK manufacturing companies. The aims of the paper are (1) to provide evidence to ascertain the extent to which recent criticisms of product costing can be judged and (2) to compare and comment upon the theory and practice of product costing. The survey findings indicate that product costs computed to meet inventory valuation requirements are widely used for decision-making and internal profit measurement. The majority of firms, however, used both full costs and variable costs for decision-making and the findings suggest that product cost information is used in a more flexible manner than that depicted by previous studies. The paper reports on the methods used by companies to compute full product costs. Most organizations used questionable overhead allocations that are likely to result in the reporting of distorted product costs. The concluding sections of the paper discuss the possible reasons why observed practices differ from conventional wisdom and suggest areas where further research is required.
Kinerja Dipengaruhi oleh Variabel Anteseden dan Dampaknya pada Kepuasan Kerja (Studi Pada Manajer Bank BRI Di Malang)

The aim of this research is to analysis : 1) How far the ability influence to performance. 2) How far the Job Motivation influence to performancet. 3) How far the role perception influence to performance. 4) How far the performance influence to job satisfaction. The analysis unit is the manager of BRI Malang. The data had been collected by using questionnare with 150 managers as respondents, and the populations about 240 managers. The data collected technique had been done by using interview and also observation technique. There are 48 questions in each questionnare. To test the influence have to use the instrument of structure equetion modeling by using the analysis of moment structures version 4.01 program. Research result : 1) The ability influence to performence. 2) The job motivation influence to performance. 2) The role perception influence to performance. 4) The performance influence to job satisfaction.
The Industrial Mobility of Displaced Workers

This article uses a two-industry model of unemployment duration and job search to estimate rates of transition of displaced workers from unemployment to employment, distinguishing between employment in a worker's previous industry and in other industries. The competing-risks model allows inferences about search strategies to be drawn from data concerning employment outcomes and allows tests of some fundamental implications of search theory. There is evidence that improvements in the prospects for employment in their previous industry induce displaced workers to reduce search intensity or increase reservation wages in other industries.
A novel technique for the treatment of recurrent cubital tunnel syndrome: ulnar nerve wrapping with a tissue engineered bioscaffold

The purpose of this study was to assess subjective and objective outcomes in treating recurrent cubital tunnel at secondary neurolysis by nerve wrapping with a tissue engineered three-dimensional biomatrix. Five patients with a mean age of 44.1 years and an average follow-up of 13.3 months were included in the study. All patients had improvement in visual analogue scales. Four patients that had preoperative intrinsic atrophy with clawing had no clawing or intrinsic atrophy at final follow-up. Postoperatively, four of the five patients had two-point discrimination of 5 mm. Grip strength on average increased 90%. Three patients had an excellent outcome, one patient had a good outcome, and one patient had a fair outcome. All five patients said they would have surgery again.
Global indeterminacy in locally determinate real business cycle models

We investigate the global dynamics of real business cycle models with production externalities. We confirm that purely local analysis does not tell the full story. With externalities smaller than required for local indeterminacy, local analysis shows the steady state to be a saddle, implying a unique equilibrium. However, global analysis reveals that the steady state is surrounded by stable deterministic cycles. Our analysis suggests that indeterminacy is more pervasive than previously believed, and the results strengthen the view that caution should be exercised when linearized versions of this class of real business cycle models are used in applied work.
Stock Prices and Bond Yields: Can Their Comovements Be Explained in Terms of Present Value Models?

Real stock prices seem to overreact to changes in long-term interest rates. That is, real stock prices drop when long-term interest rates rise (and rise when they fall) more than would be implied by a rational expectations present value model where expectations are based on a vector autoregression. This overreaction is not associated with any overreaction to changes in the short-run inflation rate. Over the last century real stock prices have shown little reaction to changes in inflation rates, and according to the model they should show little reaction. These conclusions were reached from an analysis of annual data in the united states 1871 to 1989 and the united Kingdom 1918 to 1989.
Equivalence of Auctions and Posted Prices

We determine the equilibrium in two transaction mechanisms: auctions and posted prices. Agents choose whether to participate in markets where trades are consummated by auctions or in markets where sellers post prices. We show that the selling mechanisms are practically equivalent. Previous studies have shown that auction markets emerge as a unique evolutionary stable equilibrium when compared to bargaining markets. Posted price market dominate bargaining markets similarly.