Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Some further (orthodox?) Bourdieusian reflections on the notions of ‘institutional habitus’ and ‘family habitus’: a reply to Burke, Emmerich, and Ingram

Social science requires the ‘friendly–hostile cooperation of many’, as Popper (1962, 217) put it, if it is to work toward objectivity and improve its models of the world. I am, therefore, pleased that Burke, Emmerich, and Ingram (2012), at the more friendly pole of the scale, have taken it upon themselves to defend the concepts of ‘institutional habitus’ and ‘family habitus’ and provide me with an opportunity for further reflection. Constraints of space mean my response will have to be fairly concise but it can be boiled down to three points. Firstly, and most pleasingly, I notice that Burke, Emmerich, and Ingram distance themselves from some of the clumsy ways in which institutional/family habitus have been described in the past by disavowing talk of individuals sharing a single habitus, having identical habitus, there being some sort of ‘super habitus’ over and above them or institutions having emotions. It is unclear whether this is a clarifying revision on their behalf or whether they think this has always been the case, but the move is to be welcomed whichever way. Secondly, I am intrigued by what the threesome argue that institutional and family habitus do refer to. So far as I can tell, they are held, in the responses to my three charges, to cover two things: on the one hand, the fact that certain people are gelled together in perception as belonging to a particular ‘school’ or ‘family’, with a degree of unity and shared experience and expectations, which then shapes their actions; and on the other hand, the way in which the school or family seems to exist and act as a monolithic agent through its delegated spokespeople. Now if readers think that sounds not only perfectly reasonable but rather familiar then they have good reason, for they are precisely the phenomena that I described under the labels of doxa (family spirit/school ethos) and ‘mystery of ministry’ in my original critique. All the talk of my errors and ignorance thus seems rather strange,
Heat shock protein 90 controls HIV-1 reactivation from latency

Significance Antiretroviral therapy cannot eradicate HIV-1 because the virus can become transcriptionally inactive in resting memory CD4+ T cells (and other cell types), which are long-lived, thus generating a reservoir undetectable by the immune system. When therapy is stopped, the latent viral reservoir is activated and HIV-1 rebounds. Our understanding of HIV-1 latency and reactivation is incomplete. Here we report that the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) regulates HIV-1 reactivation from latency by controlling the NF-kB pathway. Therefore Hsp90 is a key molecule linking HIV-1 reactivation from latency to CD4+ T-cell activation. Selective Hsp90 inhibitors combined with PKC-ϑ inhibitors, all in phase II clinical trials, potently suppressed HIV-1 reactivation, thus Hsp90 may be a novel target to control HIV-1 latency. Latency allows HIV-1 to persist in long-lived cellular reservoirs, preventing virus eradication. We have previously shown that the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is required for HIV-1 gene expression and mediates greater HIV-1 replication in conditions of hyperthermia. Here we report that specific inhibitors of Hsp90 such as 17-(N-allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin and AUY922 prevent HIV-1 reactivation in CD4+ T cells. A single modification at position 19 in the Hsp90 inhibitors abolished this activity, supporting the specificity of the target. We tested the impact of Hsp90 on known pathways involved in HIV-1 reactivation from latency; they include protein kinase Cs(PKCs), mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular signal regulated kinase/positive transcriptional elongation factor-b and NF-κB. We found that Hsp90 was required downstream of PKCs and was not required for mitogen activated protein kinase activation. Inhibition of Hsp90 reduced degradation of IkBα and blocked nuclear translocation of transcription factor p65/p50, suppressing the NF-κB pathway. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that Hsp90 interacts with inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase (IKK) together with cochaperone Cdc37, which is critical for the activity of several kinases. Targeting of Hsp90 by AUY922 dissociated Cdc37 from the complex. Therefore, Hsp90 controls HIV-1 reactivation from latency by keeping the IKK complex functional and thus connects T-cell activation with HIV-1 replication. AUY922 is in phase II clinical trial and, in combination with a PKC-ϑ inhibitor in phase II clinical trial, almost completely suppressed HIV-1 reactivation at 15 nM with no cytotoxicity. Selective targeting of the Hsp90/Cdc37 interaction may provide a powerful approach to suppress HIV-1 reactivation from latency.
Categorical perception and prenuclear pitch peak alignment in Spanish

Most dialects of Spanish seem to produce prenuclear pitch peaks displaced to the right of the stressed syllable in neutral declarative utterances. In Autosegmental-Metrical phonology, this delayed peak has usually been described as a L*+H pitch accent. Since evidence for this observation comes almost exclusively from production studies, the purpose of this paper was to investigate how Spanish speakers perceive prenuclear pitch alignment. Perception was tested using an imitation task aimed at capturing categorical effects (or lack thereof) in the perception of intonation. The stimuli consisted of the utterance “La nena lloraba” [“The girl was crying”], where the prenuclear pitch peak in “nena” was displaced 10 times in 25millisecond increments. Seventeen native speakers of Spanish listened to the 10 resynthesized utterances and were asked to imitate each stimulus while being recorded. Resulting utterances were normalized for speech rate and analyzed acoustically for prenuclear pitch alignment. Data yielded a clear categorical perception effect, but did not necessarily lend support to a pitch accent with a delayed peak. The discussion addresses phonological representations of tonal events and the link between production and perception in prosody.
GROUPS THAT DON'T WANT IN: GYPSIES AND OTHER ARTISAN, TRADER, AND ENTERTAINER MINORITIES

Small, endogamous populations of artisans, traders, and entertainers have existed for centuries within complex societies, competing successfully with permanently established businesses. Their organizational flexibility and willingness to move and to switch occupations enables them to fill gaps in the host economy and exploit "marginal" opportunities. Other attributes that make them successful include their minimal overhead, use of wage-free household labor, lack of interest in material accumulation and capital expansion, willingness to accept a narrow profit margin from multiple sources, and ability to focus on a narrowly defined market. Gypsies are undoubtedly the most familiar of these groups, but they are one of many similar populations with similar adaptations: "Tinkers," "Tater," "Luri," "Jats," and "Ghorbat" are some of the common names other groups are known by (104). Relegated to the status of unintegrated social and economic marginals, or else dismissed as mere "exotics," such populations long have been ignored or regarded as barely legitimate subjects for serious study. Anthropologists and other social scientists, with a few exceptions, have only recently begun work with them despite the contact many have had with them in the course of their research on other groups. Scholarly research on artisan, trader, and entertainer minorities began appearing in the 1950s; Etudes Tsiganes, a French journal devoted to Gypsy
Career Calling as a Personal Resource Moderator Between Environmental Demands and Burnout in Australian Junior Doctors

We surveyed 355 junior doctors (first 4 years of post-university training; 69% female, mean age = 28 years) from multiple hospital and practice locations and used an online questionnaire to assess their training-related demands (academic stress, concern about training debt, and hours worked), academic burnout, and personal resources (operationalized as career calling). We tested whether training-related demands were associated with academic burnout and whether career calling moderated the association between the demands and burnout. The demands accounted for approximately one third of the variance in burnout, with all accounting for significant, unique variance. In the context of the demands, career calling was not a significant predictor, but it moderated the association between academic stress and burnout. The study identified additional ways that junior doctors can be assisted to manage these first few years of medical training after graduating from medical school.
Interleukin 13 receptors as biochemical markers in atopic patients.

BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL) 13, a type 2 helper T cell (T(H)2), is an important regulator of inflammatory immune responses. It mediates its action through a receptor complex consisting of IL-13Ralpha1 and IL-4Ralpha. IL-13Ralpha2 binds IL-13 with high affinity and is thought to act primarily as a decoy receptor, sequestering IL-13 and thus inhibiting its action. Our aim was to clarify the role of these receptors in the diagnosis and follow-up of atopic patients. METHODS We genotyped the 1398A>G polymorphism in the IL-13Ralpha1 gene using restriction fragment length polymorphism for causal genetic diversity and measured serum levels of IL-13Ralpha2 in 105 atopic patients suffering from atopic asthma, atopic dermatitis, and atopic rhinitis (35 each). We compared the results with those of 35 nonatopic control individuals. Total immunoglobulin (Ig) E and serum IL-13Ralpha2 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the eosinophil counts were recorded. RESULTS A significant increase in serum IL-13Ralpha2 levels was recorded in the 3 atopic groups compared with the control group (P < .001), as well as a significant increase in total IgE levels and eosinophil counts. No significant association was found between 1398A>G and atopy other than a suggestive association between this polymorphism and raised total serum IgE levels in all 3 atopic groups (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that IL-13Ralpha2 plays an important role in atopy and that increased levels in different groups highlight its regulatory role in the development of atopic symptoms. The 1398A>G polymorphism might be involved in the production of IgE.
The usefulness of MR imaging in the diagnosis of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor in children: a study of 14 cases.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNTs) are benign lesions affecting children and are associated with epilepsy. The goal of our study was to better characterize the clinical-radiologic-pathologic spectrum of DNTs (complex and simple forms only) in a series of 14 children. METHODS Clinical, neuroradiologic, and pathologic features of all cases were retrospectively studied. RESULTS Eleven cases of complex and three cases of simple DNTs were identified. Mean follow-up was 87 months, and no recurrence was recorded except for one case of simple DNT. We found that some neuroradiologic features may be helpful to support the diagnosis of DNT: presence of "septations," triangular pattern of distribution, and absence of contrast enhancement. CONCLUSION The evidence of the specific glioneuronal element is found by pathologic examination, but the typical neuroradiologic aspect of DNT suggests this diagnosis preoperatively. Radiologic examination may be helpful for the diagnosis of DNT when pathologic findings are inconclusive.
Algorithm-Hardware Codesign of Fast Parallel Round-Robin Arbiters

As a basic building block of a switch scheduler, a fast and fair arbiter is critical to the efficiency of the scheduler, which is the key to the performance of a high-speed switch or router. In this paper, we propose a parallel round-robin arbiter (PRRA) based on a simple binary search algorithm, which is specially designed for hardware implementation. We prove that our PRRA achieves round-robin fairness under all input patterns. We further propose an improved (IPRRA) design that reduces the timing of PRRA significantly. Simulation results with TSMC . 18mum standard cell library show that PRRA and IPRRA can meet the timing requirement of a terabit 256 times 256 switch. Both PRRA and IPRRA are much faster and simpler than the programmable priority encoder (PPE), a well-known round-robin arbiter design. We also introduce an additional design which combines PRRA and IPRRA and provides trade-offs in gate delay, wire delay, and circuit area. With the binary tree structure and high performance, our designs are scalable for large N and useful for implementing schedulers for high-speed switches and routers
Estudio comparativo entre la capacidad de generación de torque y la incomodidad sensorial producidos por dos formas de estimulación eléctrica neuromuscular en sujetos sanos

The aim of this study was to compare the torque generation and the comfort level of two different forms of neuromuscular electrical nerve stimulation (NMES), low-frequency stimulation (LFS) and russian stimulation (RS), both applied in high intensities. The maximum isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC) of the quadriceps femoris muscle was measured in 18 healthy young men, in an isokinetic computerized dynamometer, at 60° knee flexion. Subsequently, two 10-sec, maximally tolerated contractions were elicited with each of the forms of NMES applied, first isolated and then combined with MIVC. Electrically elicited torque values in each situation were expressed as a percentage of the MIVC, and the discomfort level was quantified using a 10 cm long visual analog scale (VAS). The torque generated by isolated LFS and RS stimulation was 43.6 and 53.8% of MIVC, respectively. J. S. Brasileiro C. E. S. Castro N. A. Parizotto M. C. Sandoval Estudio comparativo entre la capacidad de generación de torque y la incomodidad sensorial producidos por dos formas de estimulación eléctrica neuromuscular en sujetos sanos Comparative study between the capacity or the torque generation and the sensorial discomforts produced by two forms of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in healthy subjects Correspondencia: Jamilson Simões Brasileiro Rua Haití, 327 Nova Estância São Carlos SP (Brasil) CEP: 13566-710 E-mail: brasileiro@bol.com. br 1 Profesor del Departamento de Fisioterapia de la Universidade Federal do Rio Grande de Norte-Natal/RN/Brasil. 2 Profesores del Departamento de Fisioterapia de la Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Brasil). 3 Profesora de la Escuela de Fisioterapia de la Universidad Industrial de Santander, UIS, Bucaramanga (Colombia).
Finger Flexors Fatigue in Trained Rock Climbers and Untrained Sedentary Subjects

The present series of experiments were conducted to access the surface EMG frequency parameters during repeated fingertip isometric contractions to determine if they can be used as a fatigue index under specific grip used in rock climbing. Electromyograms of the finger flexors and extensors were characterised in ten elite climbers and ten non-climbers. The exercise consisted in reaching 80 % of maximal isometric finger force as quickly as possible intermittently with a 5-s contraction followed by 5-s of rest until exhaustion (i. e. when the subject was unable to maintain 80 - 70 % MVC force range for the 5 s). The results clearly indicate that expert climbers performed significantly greater fingertip force than sedentary subjects (420 +/- 46 N vs. 342 +/- 56 N). This force was maintained during twelve repetitions (12.88 +/- 4.96) in sedentary subjects, whereas the climbers maintained the force during nineteen repetitions (19.33 +/- 4.84). The median frequency of both the flexor and extensor EMG power spectra decreased during fatiguing isometric contractions, but at different rates in climbers and non-climbers. In non-climbers, the results replicated previous findings, whereas in climbers the results were novel.
FUNCTIONAL PATHOLOGY OF ALDOSTERONE‐PRODUCING ADENOMA

In addition to the morphological examination, the measurement of the content of corticosteroids was done in aldosterone‐producing adenoma. Histologically, the adenoma consists of four types of cells. The major component of the adenoma was clear‐type cells. In this type of cells, the activities of 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase showed weakly positive. The fine structure was characterized by numerous lipid vacuoles and poor organellae. On the contrary, intermediate‐ and compact‐type cells revealed higher than moderate activities of these enzymes. Moreover, marked development of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria was noted. Zona glomerulosa‐type cells were observed only in a small part. The content of aldosterone and corticosterone in aldosterone‐producing adenoma was significantly larger than those of the other type of adenoma. A tendency of positive correlation between the increase of compact‐type cells and content of aldosterone was found. The cell origin of this aldosterone‐producing adenoma and functional role of clear‐ and compact‐type cells were also discussed.
Signaling Participation Through Relational Communication

This study tests four hypotheses derived from the Leader Interpersonal Influence Model, which examines leaders' ability to adapt communicator styles that enhance problem-solv ing effectiveness in small groups. University students participated as leaders in problem- solving groups made up of confederates. The findings indicate that the two primary dimensions of leaders' communicator style are dominance and supportiveness. Addition ally, the results show that effective leaders displayed a wider repertoire of communicator styles than ineffective leaders. Also, within an experimental situation that demands strong direction, dominance was highly correlated with effectiveness for directive leaders, and both dominance and supportiveness were highly correlated with effective ness for participative leaders. Lastly, the findings reveal that leaders' relational com munication must exceed a minimal threshold before obtaining desired responses from group members. Implications for management are outlined and suggestions are made that future research should examine leaders' communicator styles in other decision-making contexts.
MiR-451 as a new tumor marker for gastric cancer

Gastric cancer is the second most common malignancy in China. However, the prognosis for gastric cancer patients remains poor. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether miR-451 was a potential prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer. Fresh tissues were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen until use. The plasma was extracted and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect miR-451 expression. The Student's t test analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to analyze expression of miR-451. The analysis results showed that the expression level of miR-451 was decreased expression in gastric cancer tissue. The down-regulation of miR-451 tended to be positively correlated with tumor stage, lymphatic metastasis and shorter overall survival of patients. MiR-451 may be a potential biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for the diagnoses and prognosis of gastric cancer.
Quantifying the e ff ect of vegetation dynamics on the climate of the Last Glacial Maximum

Quantifying the effect of vegetation dynamics on the climate of the Last Glacial Maximum A. Jahn, M. Claussen, A. Ganopolski, and V. Brovkin Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), P.O. Box 601203, 14412 Potsdam, Germany Institute of Physics, Potsdam University, P.O. Box 601543, 14415 Potsdam, Germany now at: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Burnside Hall Room 945, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2K6, Canada Received: 13 June 2005 – Accepted: 16 June 2005 – Published: 23 June 2005 Correspondence to: A. Jahn (ajahn@po-box.mcgill.ca) © 2005 Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License.
Narcissistic Organizational Identification: Seeing Oneself As Central to the Organization's Identity

An unexplored paradox of organizational identification is its possible association with behaviors that exploit the organization for personal benefit. In this article we address why, for some individuals in positions of power and authority in the organization, organizational identification is a path to viewing the organization as eminently exploitable. We introduce “narcissistic organizational identification,” a form of organizational identification that features the individual's tendency to see his/her identity as core to the definition of the organization, in contrast to conventional conceptualizations of organizational identification, where the individual sees the organization as core to the definition of self. We provide theory explaining how antecedents of conventional organizational identification—including a sense of control and influence over the organization, a sense of psychological ownership of the organization, a sense that the organization is regarded highly by others, and a sense that others .
Corporate Environmentalism

An increasingly large number of organizations are attempting to integrate environmental issues with their corporate strategies. Tougher regulatory forces and increasing public environmental concern have led to the development of environmental strategies by some firms. This paper discusses the process of corporate environmental learning whereby organizations learn to integrate environmental issues with their business strategies. Using the theoretical framework of organizational learning, the paper examines the different ways organizations can learn to respond to environmental issues, the inputs to the learning process and the possible consequences of their actions.