Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automated Vulnerability Analysis Using AI Planning

As networked systems become more complex, and they support more critical applications, there is a compelling need to augment the Red Team approach to vulnerability analysis with more formal, automated methods. Artificial Intelligence (AI) Planning, with its welldeveloped theory and rich set of tools, offers an attractive approach. By adopting this approach we have been able to generate attack graphs for a simple but realistic web-based system in five seconds or less, which is an order of magnitude improvement over previous efforts at automated analysis. In this paper we describe our methods and the results. Since vulnerability analysis is a new application of AI planning, our work has uncovered issues with both modeling techniques and planning tools. We discuss these issues and suggest methods for addressing them.
Mifepristone versus placebo to treat uterine myoma: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial

Objective To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and quality of life of 5 mg mifepristone per day compared with a placebo in treating uterine fibroids. Design Randomized, double-blind clinical study. Location Eusebio Hernández Gynecology and Obstetrics Teaching Hospital, Havana, Cuba. Subjects One hundred twenty-four subjects with symptomatic uterine fibroids. Treatment One daily capsule of 5 mg mifepristone or a mifepristone placebo over 3 months. Variables in evaluating safety Changes in fibroid and uterine volumes, changes in symptom prevalence and intensity, and changes in quality of life. Results Three months into treatment, fibroid volume was reduced by 28.5% in the mifepristone group with an increase of 1.8% in the placebo group (P = 0.031). There were significant differences between the groups with respect to pelvic pain prevalence (P = 0.006), pelvic pressure (P = 0.027), rectal pain (P = 0.013), hypermenorrhea (P < 0.001), and metrorrhagia (P = 0.002) at the end of treatment. Amenorrhea was 93.1% and 4.3% in the mifepristone and placebo groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Treatment side effects were significantly greater in the mifepristone group. Estradiol levels did not differ significantly between the placebo and mifepristone groups at the end of treatment. Improvement in quality of life was significantly greater in the categories of “symptoms” (P = 0.004) and “activity” (P = 0.045) in the mifepristone group. Conclusion The 5 mg dosage of mifepristone presented significantly superior efficacy compared to the placebo.
Fast Sliding Window Classification with Convolutional Neural Networks

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have repeatedly been shown to be the state of the art method for natural signal classification -- image classification in particular. Unfortunately, due to the high model complexity CNNs often cannot be used for object detection tasks with real-time constraints, where many predictions have to be made on sub-windows of a large input image. We demonstrate how two recent advances in CNN efficiency can be combined, with modifications, to provide a substantial speedup for sliding window classification. An in depth analysis of the various factors that can impact performance is presented.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Dyslipidemia, Risk for Cardiovascular Complications, and Treatment Strategy

Studies have shown that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with several metabolic disorders and diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. In NAFLD, dyslipidemia is manifested as increased serum triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, all of which are key risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is a leading cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. Thus, implementation of an aggressive therapeutic strategy for dyslipidemia with hypolipidemic agents may mitigate the risk for CVD among NAFLD patients. Here, we provide a current review of literature regarding NAFLD, with particular emphasis on dyslipidemia and available treatment options.
The Connectivity of Boolean Satisfiability: Computational and Structural Dichotomies

Given a Boolean formula, do its solutions form a connected subgraph of the hypercube? This and other related connectivity considerations underlie recent work on random Boolean satisfiability. We study connectivity properties of the space of solutions of Boolean formulas, and establish computational and structural dichotomies. Specifically, we first establish a dichotomy theorem for the complexity of the st-connectivity problem for Boolean formulas in Schaefer's framework. Our result asserts that the tractable side is more generous than the tractable side in Schaefer's dichotomy theorem for satisfiability, while the intractable side is PSPACE-complete. For the connectivity problem, we establish a dichotomy along the same boundary between membership in coNP and PSPACE-completeness. Furthermore, we establish a structural dichotomy theorem for the diameter of the connected components of the solution space: for the PSPACE-complete cases, the diameter can be exponential, but in all other cases it is linear. Thus, small diameter and tractability of the st-connectivity problem are remarkably aligned.
Endocrine control of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate levels in several Morris hepatomas.

The effects of glucagon or isoproterenol on cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) levels were studied in host livers and tumors of Buffalo or A × C rats bearing the following Morris hepatomas: 9618B, 9618A, 66, and 7794B (intact and adrenalectomized); 7794A and 5123C (intact and adrenalectomized); and 7793, 7800, 9098, 9121, and 9108 (intact and adrenalectomized). In most cases, except in the host livers of animals bearing hepatoma 7793, the response of both host liver and tumor to adrenergic stimulation by isoproterenol was equivocal. The response to glucagon, however, was in contrast to that of isoproterenol. The response to glucagon in 3 hepatomas (9618A, 9618B, and 66) resembled the 50-fold response normally observed in control liver of adult non-tumor-bearing rats. Two tumors of intermediate growth rate gave strikingly different responses to glucagon: cyclic AMP increased only 2-fold in hepatoma 7794B but increased over 100-fold in hepatoma 7794A. Hepatomas 9098, 9121, and 66 gave 2- to 3-fold increases of cyclic AMP levels in response to glucagon; while hepatomas 5123C, 7800, 7793, and 9108 gave little or no response. The responses were charted as a function of the α-aminoisobutyrate distribution ratio, which is a measure of the transport capability for certain amino acids, and the relationship was compared with that seen in newborn rats and in young rats of varying ages. Certain hepatomas fell within the range of the normal livers, but a group of hepatomas with high α-aminoisobutyrate distribution ratios prior to treatment were shown to have cyclic AMP levels that were remarkably unresponsive to glucagon stimulation. These results provide new support for the blocked ontogeny hypothesis by showing a resemblance of the highly differentiated hepatomas to more mature liver and a resemblance of another group of hepatomas to fetal or newborn liver, with respect to both naturally occurring and glucagon-stimulated levels of cyclic AMP. The latter group appears to have high α-aminoisobutyrate distribution ratios both before and after glucagon treatment.
Monoclonal antibody cure and prophylaxis of lethal Sindbis virus encephalitis in mice

Neuroadapted Sindbis virus (NSV) causes acute encephalitis and paralyzes and kills adult mice unless they are treated with primary immune serum after infection. To study the nature and specificity of curative antibodies, we gave mice 30 different monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against Sindbis virus (SV) 24 h after lethal intracerebral inoculation of NSV. By the time of MAb treatment, NSV replication in the brain had been well established (7.5 X 10(7) PFU/g). Seventeen MAbs directed against multiple biological domains on the NSV E1 and E2 envelope glycoproteins prevented paralysis and death. Anticapsid MAbs failed to protect. Altogether, 15 of 17 curative MAbs either neutralized NSV infectivity or lysed NSV-infected cells with complement, but neither ability was necessary or sufficient to guarantee recovery. All 5 protective anti-E2 MAbs neutralized NSV infectivity; 6 of 10 protective anti-E1 MAbs neutralized NSV; 4 did not. Plaque assay or immunohistochemical staining showed that neutralizing and nonneutralizing curative MAbs decreased NSV in the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord. Despite high neutralization titers, hyperimmune anti-SV and anti-NSV mouse sera prevented only 6 and 30% of deaths, respectively, while primary immune sera prevented 50 (SV) and 90% (NSV) of deaths. Secondary intravenous immunization with a live virus apparently diminished, obscured, or failed to boost a class of protective antibodies. When separate mouse groups were given these 30 MAbs 24 h before lethal intracerebral inoculation of NSV, a slightly different set of 17 neutralizing or nonneutralizing anti-E1 and anti-E2 antibodies protected. Two nonneutralizing MAbs and hyperimmune anti-SV serum, which had failed to promote recovery, prophylactically protected 100% of the mice. The antibody requirements or mechanisms of prophylaxis and recovery may differ.
Ion escape rates from Mars: Results from hybrid simulations compared to MAVEN observations

Daily averaged heavy ion escape rates from HALFSHEL hybrid simulations of the solar wind interaction with the Martian ionosphere are compared to the ion escape rates reported by Brain et al. (2015). The simulation rates are found to be in agreement with the rates measured by Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN). When the simulation rates are adjusted for known variability in the Martian system, the ion escape rates are within 40% of the MAVEN results. The ion escape rate is found to vary linearly with the solar wind speed. Using the simulation results to scale the MAVEN ion escape rate to include ions of all kinetic energies, we predict a total heavy ion escape rate of 1.2 × 1025 ions/s. The assumptions used to derive the total ion escape by Brain et al. (2015) are tested against the simulation results and are found to be excellent.
IMMOBILIZATION OF MEMBRANE H-2 ANTIGENS BY PARAFORMALDEHYDE FIXATION

The use of specific antibodies coupled to visual markers such as ferritin or fluorescein to study the distribution of cell surface membrane antigens has resulted in the recognition that these membrane components are free to move in the plane of the membrane and that the antibodies used for labeling them may induce changes in their distribution (Frye and Edidin, 1970 ; Taylor et al ., 1971 ; Davis, 1972). Up to the present, labeling studies have been carried out only on fresh, or unfixed, cell membranes . On fixed cells the surface membrane antigens might be immobilized and no longer susceptible to the alterations of their distribution that can be caused by antibodies. We recently demonstrated (Parr and Oei, 1973) that mouse cell membranes fixed with paraformaldehyde were able to bind anti-H-2 antibodies to the same extent as fresh membranes . The purpose of the present work was to determine whether paraformaldehyde fixation immobilizes mouse H-2 antigens on the surface membrane.
Propagation of Seismogenic Electric Currents Through the Earth's Atmosphere

Seismogenic models have been recently proposed to explain precursors before earthquakes occurrences. Those models refer to physical processes linking the lithosphere, the atmosphere, and the ionosphere. We analyze in this work the curl‐free current model describing the current flow from the lithosphere to the ionosphere through the atmosphere. We use a numerical simulation based on the finite element method to derive the current between the ground and the ionosphere. We have shown that the curl‐free approximation of the atmospheric current density leads to significant and unpredictable distortions of the solutions of the electrical conductivity. Hence, it incorrectly expands the ionospheric disturbed region associated to lithospheric currents. It is shown that horizontally homogeneous vertical underground external currents cannot create currents from ground to the atmosphere.
Past and future impacts of climate change on boreal forest timber supply

ii LIST OF TABLES.vi LIST OF FIGURES.vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.ix NOTE.x CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION.11 CHAPTER TWO: CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON BOREAL FOREST TIMBER SUPPLY Abstract.14 Introduction.16 Literature selection criteria.19 Biome shifts.20 Regional forest disturbance patterns.22 Biotic disturbances.23 Abiotic disturbances.24 Growth, mortality, and composition in established forest stands.25 Growth and mortality.25 Composition shifts.32 Implications to boreal forestry.35 Adaptations to the uncertainties of 21 century climate change.39 Summary and future directions.41. 14 Introduction.16 Literature selection criteria.19 Biome shifts.20 Regional forest disturbance patterns.22 Biotic disturbances.23 Abiotic disturbances.24 Growth, mortality, and composition in established forest stands.25 Growth and mortality.25 Composition shifts.32 Implications to boreal forestry.35 Adaptations to the uncertainties of 21 century climate change.39 Summary and future directions.41
A Proof Procedure for Data Dependencies

Definition d'une classe de dependances, dependances generant l'equalite et les triples et generalisation du processus de poursuite pour traiter ces dependances. On montre quelques cas pour lesquels il y a une procedure de decision. Redondance de l'egalite pour decider de l'implication des dependances generant les triples et «presque redondance» pour decider de l'implication des dependances generant l'egalite
BEHAVIOR-1K: A Human-Centered, Embodied AI Benchmark with 1,000 Everyday Activities and Realistic Simulation

We present BEHAVIOR-1K, a comprehensive simulation benchmark for human-centered robotics. BEHAVIOR-1K includes two components, guided and motivated by the results of an extensive survey on"what do you want robots to do for you? ". The first is the definition of 1,000 everyday activities, grounded in 50 scenes (houses, gardens, restaurants, offices, etc.) with more than 9,000 objects annotated with rich physical and semantic properties. The second is OMNIGIBSON, a novel simulation environment that supports these activities via realistic physics simulation and rendering of rigid bodies, deformable bodies, and liquids. Our experiments indicate that the activities in BEHAVIOR-1K are long-horizon and dependent on complex manipulation skills, both of which remain a challenge for even state-of-the-art robot learning solutions. To calibrate the simulation-to-reality gap of BEHAVIOR-1K, we provide an initial study on transferring solutions learned with a mobile manipulator in a simulated apartment to its real-world counterpart. We hope that BEHAVIOR-1K's human-grounded nature, diversity, and realism make it valuable for embodied AI and robot learning research. Project website: https://behavior.stanford. edu.
A Dynamic Time-Series Model of Oxygen Consumption during Paediatric Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Background: During cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), maintaining adequate oxygen consumption (VO2i) can only be achieved indirectly either by modifying oxygen delivery (DO2i) through its component parts or by modulating metabolic demand through altering body temperature. The body reacts to these actions by changing OER and consequently VO2i. Understanding the body's adaptive OER dynamics can elucidate its oxygen consumption goals during CPB and help improve our ability to safely manage the patient's journey. Methods: An autoregressive, integrated time-series model was trained on granular perfusion data from 879 paediatric patients (age: newborn to 18 years old) undergoing 963 CPB operations, with the outcome variable being the minute-by-minute changes in the logit transformation of OER. Variables were cardiac index, haemoglobin concentration, oxygen saturation of arterial haemoglobin and temperature. An explicit 'disequilibrium term group' was also included, proportional to the difference between the logarithm of VO2i and logarithm of a 'latent' (i.e. unobserved) oxygen demand - or 'target' VO2 (tVO2i) - term, with the logarithm of tVO2i assumed to be a linear function of body temperature (the Van't Hoff model). The trained time-series models were studied using permutation-based variable importance, deterministic and stochastic simulations, and subgroup analysis by acute kidney injury (AKI) grade and by temperature. Results: Model coefficients are consistent with an adaptive OER response to keep VO2i in line with tVO2i, according to body temperature. This adaptation consists of a primary rapid response for 5-10 minutes, and a secondary slow response that is estimated to last up to several hours. The model reproduces the hyperbolic shape of DO2i-VO2i curves - first published in 1982 - as an artefact of insufficient wait times between equilibrium-state transitions. Asymptotically, however, the model converges to a piecewise linear relationship between DO2i and VO2i, with supply-independence of oxygen consumption occurring above a threshold DO2i. Subgroup analysis by temperature suggests that the dependence of tVO2i on temperature (expressed as Q10) may be significantly stronger at low temperatures (< 28C) than at high temperatures (> 28C). Conclusions: This study proposes a physiologically plausible model of OER changes during CPB that is consistent with past experimental data. While during CPB, under-oxygenation is the dominant risk in the long term, slow adaptation of OER during CPB creates short-term opportunities for over-oxygenation following significant changes in variables such as cardiac index. The model provides well-defined values for tVO2i at a given temperature, paving the way for further research into the effects of over- and under-oxygenation during CPB on postoperative outcomes such as AKI, and hence improvements in goal-directed perfusion protocols.
A Holistic Approach to Cognitive Frailty in Community-dwelling Older Adults in India: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Survey

Background: Cognitive frailty (CF), a complex intersection of physical frailty (PF) and cognitive impairment (CI), remains inadequately explored in the Indian context. Given its potential link to dementia and reversible characteristics, this study aims to understand the national-level prevalence of CF, its regional variations, and its holistic association with sociodemographic, physical, psychosocial, and lifestyle factors. Methods: The present study employed data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI Wave I), a nationally representative survey that included 27,379 individuals (13,293 men and 14,086 women) aged 60+. CF was defined as the presence of both PF and CI without dementia. PF was assessed using the modified Community Oriented Frailty Index, comprising a 20 item deficits frailty index. CI was evaluated using the composite score, which considered five cognitive domains and seven difficulties with IADL. To investigate the association between the outcome variable (CF) and predictor variables (sociodemographic, physical, psychosocial, and lifestyle factors), the study utilised stepwise binary logistic regression (backward elimination) and presented the results as adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results: The overall prevalence of CF amongst those aged 60+ was found to be 4.5%, with higher rates evident in the Western (6.2%) and Southern (5.3%) regions. Several factors exhibited significant associations with CF (p < 0.01), including being aged 80 and above (AOR 4.7, 95% CI: 3.9 to 5.6), being female (AOR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.4 to 1.9), and having less than primary education (AOR 15.3, 95% CI: 7.2 to 32.5, p < 0.01). Mobility impairment (AOR 6.7, 95% CI: 4.7 to 9.8) also exhibited a strong effect on CF. Psychosocial factors, such as low social participation (AOR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.8 to 2.4), major depression (AOR 1.7, 95% CI: 1.4 to 2.0), sleep problems (AOR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.4 to 1.9), and low life satisfaction (AOR 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2 to 1.6), were also found to have significant associations with CF. Conclusions: This pioneering study outlines the prevalence of CF in India, revealing elevated rates among the community dwelling population aged over 60 compared to global figures, accompanied by notable regional variations, and underscores the importance of future longitudinal data and targeted investigations for informing policy implications.
Using ANNs to analyse effects of the Three Gorges Dam on sedimentation in Dongting Lake, China

ABSTRACT Since a river system is a unidirectional network, the upstream influencing factors often interfere with those downstream. We quantify the effects of the TGD on the sediment exchange processes between the Yangtze River and Dongting Lake. Based on yearly sediment load data from 1981 to 2008, two multi-layer perceptron (MLP) models were constructed to predict the potential sedimentation in Dongting Lake without implementation of the TGD. The sediment discharge at Yichang station decreased from 622.5 to 61.1 Mt/year between 1981–1985 and 2003–2008, while the sedimentation in Dongting Lake reduced from 127.3 to 6.6 Mt/year. The MLP models indicate that only 27.9% of the decreased sediment load at Yichang station and 16.9% of that in Dongting Lake is caused by the TGD, while the rest is caused mostly by other upstream climate variations and anthropogenic impacts. EDITOR A. Castellarin; ASSOCIATE EDITORN. Ilich
Change in Striatal Functional Connectivity Networks Across Two Years Due to Stimulant Exposure in Childhood ADHD: Results from the ABCD Sample

Widely prescribed as the first choice of treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), stimulants (methylphenidate and amphetamines) have been studied for their long-term effects on the brain in prospective designs that carefully control dosage and adherence. It is unknown whether those findings generalize to real-world conditions such as community-based treatment, which is marked by intermittent exposure and polypharmacy. To fill this gap, we capitalized on the observational design of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study to examine effects of stimulant exposure on modulation of large-scale bilateral cortical networks' resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) with 6 striatal regions (left and right caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens) across two years in children with ADHD. Out of 11,878 children, 179 met criteria for an ADHD diagnosis at baseline and high-quality imaging data at baseline and the two-year timepoint. Bayesian hierarchical logistic regressions revealed that change in rs-FC over the two-year period of multiple striatal-cortical networks associated with executive functions and a visuo-motor network predicted stimulant exposure. These networks did not overlap with those that predicted non-stimulant exposure. Of these networks, change selective to stimulant exposure was limited to rs-FC with the putamen, specifically frontoparietal and visual networks, implicating motor control. 23% of stimulant-exposed children did not meet criterion for ADHD at the two-year timepoint, and they were distinguished by change in rs-FC between left putamen and frontoparietal network. Thus, while stimulant exposure for a two-year period under real-world conditions modulated striatal-cortical functional networks broadly, therapeutic effects of that exposure were limited in scale, to network connections relevant to motor control in a small subset of children.