Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tissue tropism, transmission and expression of foreign genes in vivo in midgut symbionts of tsetse flies

Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) harbour three different symbiotic organisms in addition to the pathogenic African trypanosomes they transmit. The two gut‐associated symbionts (primary, P; secondary, S) are enteric and are nutritionally required, whereas the third microorganism Wolbachia (family Rickettsiaceae) affects the reproductive biology of the insects it infects. The bacteriome‐associated P‐symbiont (Wigglesworthia glossinidia) displays a concordant phylogeny with its host tsetse species, whereas midgut S‐symbionts characterized from distant tsetse have identical 16S rDNA sequences and therefore may either represent recent independent acquisitions or horizontal transfer between species. The S‐symbionts have been cultured in vitro and a genetic transformation system has been developed. Here we report on their density and tissue tropism in different species (G. m. morsitans, G. p. palpalis, G. austeni and G. brevipalpis) and on their maternal route of transmission to tsetse progeny. Using a bacterium‐specific PCR‐assay, the S‐symbionts were found primarily in the midgut, haemolymph, milk gland and in G. palpalis also in salivary glands of teneral flies. In older flies these infections were found to spread to other tissues including muscle, testes and fat body. The S‐symbionts were transformed to express the marker gene product, Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) in vitro. When the recombinant symbionts were introduced into the haemoceal of fertile female flies via intrathoracic microinjection, they were detected in the intrauterine progeny, indicating that haemolymph may provide a possible route for their transmission. The implications of these results for symbiont‐host interactions and for transgenic strategies in tsetse are discussed.
Explicit Semantic Ranking for Academic Search via Knowledge Graph Embedding

This paper introduces Explicit Semantic Ranking (ESR), a new ranking technique that leverages knowledge graph embedding. Analysis of the query log from our academic search engine, SemanticScholar.org, reveals that a major error source is its inability to understand the meaning of research concepts in queries. To addresses this challenge, ESR represents queries and documents in the entity space and ranks them based on their semantic connections from their knowledge graph embedding. Experiments demonstrate ESR's ability in improving Semantic Scholar's online production system, especially on hard queries where word-based ranking fails.
Punishing hypocrisy: The roles of hypocrisy and moral emotions in deciding culpability and punishment of criminal and civil moral transgressors

Three experiments explored how hypocrisy affects attributions of criminal guilt and the desire to punish hypocritical criminals. Study 1 established that via perceived hypocrisy, a hypocritical criminal was seen as more culpable and was punished more than a non-hypocritical criminal who committed an identical crime. Study 2 expanded on this, showing that negative moral emotions (anger and disgust) mediated the relationships between perceived hypocrisy, criminal guilt, and punishment. Study 3 replicated the emotion finding from Study 2 using new scenarios where group agents were clearly aware of the hypocrisy of their actions, yet acted anyway. Again, perceived hypocrisy worked through moral emotions to affect criminal guilt and punishment. The current studies provide empirical support for theories relating hypocrisy and moral transgressions to moral emotions, also informing the literature on the role of moral emotions in moral reasoning and legal decision making.
Fosmidomycin, a Novel Chemotherapeutic Agent for Malaria

ABSTRACT In previous studies, fosmidomycin has been shown to possess activity against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and in the mouse model. It has a novel mode of action through inhibition of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase, an enzyme of the nonmevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis, which is absent in humans. In this open-label, uncontrolled trial, the efficacy and safety of fosmidomycin, in an oral dose of 1,200 mg every 8 h for 7 days, were evaluated in the treatment of acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in 20 adult subjects in Gabon and Thailand. Clinical assessments were performed and thick blood smears were evaluated every 8 h until parasite clearance and resolution of symptoms were achieved; assessments continued at weekly intervals thereafter for the duration of the 28-day followup period. All subjects were clinically and parasitologically cured on day 7 (primary end point). Parasite and fever clearance were rapid, with means of 44 and 41 h, respectively. On day 28, seven out of nine subjects (78%) were cured in Gabon and two out of nine subjects (22%) were cured in Thailand. The drug was well tolerated, although mild gastrointestinal side effects were recorded for five subjects. Analysis of hematological and biochemical parameters showed no clinically significant changes throughout the study. Fosmidomycin is an effective and safe antimalarial drug, although its use as a single agent is restricted by the occurrence of recrudescent infections. However, its role in combination therapy should be explored.
HOLOMORPHIC EXTENSION OF SMOOTH CR-MAPPINGS BETWEEN REAL-ANALYTIC AND REAL-ALGEBRAIC CR-MANIFOLDS

The classical Schwarz reflection principle states that a continuous map f between real-analytic curves M and M ′ in C that locally extends holomorphically to one side of M , extends also holomorphically to a neighborhood of M in C. It is well-known that the higher-dimensional analog of this statement for maps f : M → M ′ between real-analytic CR-submanifolds M ⊂ C andM ′ ⊂ C ′ does not hold without additional assumptions (unlessM andM ′ are totally real). In this paper, we assume that f is C-smooth and that the target M ′ is real-algebraic, i.e. contained in a real-algebraic subset of the same dimension. If f is known to be locally holomorphically extendible to one side of M (when M is a hypersurface) or to a wedge with edge M (when M is a generic submanifold of higher codimension), then f automatically satisfies the tangential CauchyRiemann equations, i.e. it is CR. On the other hand, if M is minimal, any CR-map f : M → M ′ locally extends holomorphically to a wedge with edge M by Tumanov’s theorem [Tu88] and hence, in that case, the extension assumption can be replaced by assuming f to be CR. Local holomorphic extension of a CR-map f : M → M ′ may clearly fail when M ′ contains an (irreducible) complex-analytic subvariety E ′ of positive dimension and f(M) ⊂ E . Indeed, any nonextendible CR-function on M composed with a nontrivial holomorphic map from a disc in C into E ′ yields a counterexample. Our first result shows that this is essentially the only exception. Denote by E ′ the set of all points p ∈ M ′ through which there exist irreducible complex-analytic subvarieties of M ′ of positive dimension. We prove: Theorem 1.1. Let M ⊂ C and M ′ ⊂ C ′ be connected real-analytic and real-algebraic CRsubmanifolds respectively. Assume that M is minimal at a point p ∈ M . Then for any C-smooth CR-map f : M → M , at least one of the following conditions holds: (i) f extends holomorphically to a neighborhood of p in C ; (ii) f sends a neighborhood of p in M into E . If M ′ is a real-analytic hypersurface, the set E ′ consists exactly of those points that are not of finite type in the sense of D’Angelo [D82] (see Lempert [L86] for the proof) and, in particular,
Caesarean Section in Peru: Analysis of Trends Using the Robson Classification System

Introduction Cesarean section rates continue to increase worldwide while the reasons appear to be multiple, complex and, in many cases, country specific. Over the last decades, several classification systems for caesarean section have been created and proposed to monitor and compare caesarean section rates in a standardized, reliable, consistent and action-oriented manner with the aim to understand the drivers and contributors of this trend. The aims of the present study were to conduct an analysis in the three Peruvian geographical regions to assess levels and trends of delivery by caesarean section using the Robson classification for caesarean section, identify the groups of women with highest caesarean section rates and assess variation of maternal and perinatal outcomes according to caesarean section levels in each group over time. Material and Methods Data from 549,681 pregnant women included in the Peruvian Perinatal Information System database from 43 maternal facilities in three Peruvian geographical regions from 2000 and 2010 were studied. The data were analyzed using the Robson classification and women were studied in the ten groups in the classification. Cochran-Armitage test was used to evaluate time trends in the rates of caesarean section rates and; logistic regression was used to evaluate risk for each classification. Results The caesarean section rate was 27% and a yearly increase in the overall caesarean section rates from 2000 to 2010 from 23.5% to 30% (time trend p<0.001) was observed. Robson groups 1, 3 (nulliparous and multiparas, respectively, with a single cephalic term pregnancy in spontaneous labour), 5 (multiparas with a previous uterine scar with a single, cephalic, term pregnancy) and 7 (multiparas with a single breech pregnancy with or without previous scars) showed an increase in the caesarean section rates over time. Robson groups 1 and 3 were significantly associated with stillbirths (OR 1.43, CI95% 1.17–1.72; OR 3.53, CI95% 2.95–4.2) and maternal mortality (OR 3.39, CI95% 1.59–7.22; OR 8.05, CI95% 3.34–19.41). Discussion The caesarean section rates increased in the last years as result of increased CS in groups with spontaneous labor and in-group of multiparas with a scarred uterus. Women included in groups 1 y 3 were associated to maternal perinatal complications. Women with previous cesarean section constitute the most important determinant of overall cesarean section rates. The use of Robson classification becomes an useful tool for monitoring cesarean section in low human development index countries.
Massive MIMO with per-antenna power constraint

In this paper, we study the sum-rate maximization problem in a single-cell massive MIMO downlink system with K users. Unlike the conventional sum-power constraint (SPC) that limits the total average power over all the transmit antennas, the more practical per-antenna power constraint (PAPC) is considered. A precoding scheme based on the principle of equal gain transmission (EGT) is proposed to satisfy any given PAPC with low complexity. We show that as the number of transmit antennas goes to infinity, the gap between the sum-rate achieved by our proposed scheme under PAPC and that under a single SPC achieved with optimal maximum ratio transmission (MRT) approaches k log2(4/π) in bits/sec/Hz under the condition of independent Rayleigh fading of the user channels. The analytical results are also verified by numerical examples. Therefore, in massive MIMO systems, our proposed EGT-based precoding scheme is near-optimal under PAPC with asymptotically negligible capacity loss compared against the sum-rate upper bound by the MRT-based precoding under the relaxed SPC, which justifies the use of PAPC in practical massive MIMO systems.
Joint linkage–linkage disequilibrium mapping is a powerful approach to detecting quantitative trait loci underlying drought tolerance in maize

This paper describes two joint linkage–linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping approaches: parallel mapping (independent linkage and LD analysis) and integrated mapping (datasets analyzed in combination). These approaches were achieved using 2,052 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, including 659 SNPs developed from drought-response candidate genes, screened across three recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations and 305 diverse inbred lines, with anthesis-silking interval (ASI), an important trait for maize drought tolerance, as the target trait. Mapping efficiency was improved significantly due to increased population size and allele diversity and balanced allele frequencies. Integrated mapping identified 18 additional quantitative trait loci (QTL) not detected by parallel mapping. The use of haplotypes improved mapping efficiency, with the sum of phenotypic variation explained (PVE) increasing from 5.4% to 23.3% for single SNP-based analysis. Integrated mapping with haplotype further improved the mapping efficiency, and the most significant QTL had a PVE of up to 34.7%. Normal allele frequencies for 113 of 277 (40.8%) SNPs with minor allele frequency (<5%) in 305 lines were recovered in three RIL populations, three of which were significantly associated with ASI. The candidate genes identified by two significant haplotype loci included one for a SET domain protein involved in the control of flowering time and the other encoding aldo/keto reductase associated with detoxification pathways that contribute to cellular damage due to environmental stress. Joint linkage–LD mapping is a powerful approach for detecting QTL underlying complex traits, including drought tolerance.
On Domains of Superior Convergence of the SSOR Method over the SOR Method

Let v denote the spectral radius of :IS, the block Jacobi iteration matrix. For the classes of matrices (i) nonsingular M-matrices and (ii) p-cyclic consistently ordered matrices, we study domains in the (v,w)-plane, when v < 1, where the block SSOR iteration method has at least as favorable asymptotic rate of convergence as the block SOR method. £Jet ! ~ and S: denote, respectively, the block SOR and SSOR iteration matrices. For the class of nonsingular M-matrice:s A we determine conditions when the spectral radii satisfy that p(S~) " p(£~), V0 < w" 2/(1+ v) and V0" v < L Under these conditions we also show that the optimal SOR iteration parameter is Wb = 1. For the class of p-cyclic consistently ordered matrices A we determine for which w's and v's, Our investigations use of the equality case in Wielandt's inequality between the spectral radii of a complex matrix and its nonnegative and irreducible majorizers and of Rouche's theorem for the location of zeros of complex functions.
A patient-adaptable ECG beat classifier using a mixture of experts approach

Presents a "mixture-of-experts" (MOE) approach to develop customized electrocardiogram (EGG) beat classifier in an effort to further improve the performance of ECG processing and to offer individualized health care. A small customized classifier is developed based on brief, patient-specific ECG data. It is then combined with a global classifier, which is tuned to a large ECG database of many patients, to form a MOE classifier structure. Tested with MIT/BIH arrhythmia database, the authors observe significant performance enhancement using this approach.
Fault Analysis in OSS Based on Program Slicing Metrics

In this paper, we investigate the Barcode OSS using two of Weiser’s original slice-based metrics (Tightness and Overlap) as a basis, complemented with fault data extracted from multiple versions of the same system. We compared the values of the metrics in functions with at least one reported fault with fault-free modules to determine a) whether significant differences in the two metrics would be observed and b) whether those metrics might allow prediction of faulty functions. Results revealed some interesting traits of the Tightness metric and, in particular, how low values of that metric seemed to indicate fault-prone functions. A significant difference was found between the Tightness metric values for faulty functions when compared to fault-free functions suggesting that Tightness is the ‘better’ of the two metrics in this sense. The Overlap metric seemed less sensitive to differences between the two types of function.
Intracoronary Stem Cell Infusion After Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-Analysis and Update on Clinical Trials

Background—Several cell-based therapies for adjunctive treatment of acute myocardial infarction have been investigated in multiple clinical trials, but the benefits still remain controversial. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy of bone marrow–derived mononuclear cell (BMMNC) therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction, but also explores the effect of newer generations of stem cells. Methods and Results—A random-effects meta-analysis was performed on randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of stem cell therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction that were published between January 2002 and September 2013. The defined end points were left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, LV end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes, infarct size, and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event rates. Also, several subgroup analyses were performed on BMMNC trials. Overall, combining the results of 22 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), LV ejection fraction increased by +2.10% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68–3.52; P=0.004) in the BMMNC group as compared with controls, evoked by a preservation of LV end-systolic volume (−4.05 mL; 95% CI, −6.91 to −1.18; P=0.006) and a reduction in infarct size (−2.69%; 95% CI, −4.83 to −0.56; P=0.01). However, there is no effect on cardiac function, volumes, or infarct size, when only RCTs (n=9) that used MRI-derived end points were analyzed. Moreover, no beneficial effect could be detected on major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event rates after BMMNC infusion after a median follow-up duration of 6 months. Conclusions—Intracoronary infusion of BMMNC is safe, but does not enhance cardiac function on MRI-derived parameters, nor does it improve clinical outcome. New and possibly more potent stem cells are emerging in the field, but their clinical efficacy still needs to be defined in future trials.
Narrative Fiction and Expository Nonfiction Differentially Predict Verbal Ability

Although reading is known to be an important contributor to language abilities, it is not yet well established whether different text genres are uniquely associated with verbal abilities. We examined how exposure to narrative fiction and expository nonfiction predict language ability among university students. Exposure was measured both with self-report and with recognition tests of print exposure. Verbal ability was measured in the form of synonym knowledge, analogies, sentence completion, and reading comprehension in 4 different studies. Across all studies, narrative fiction was a better predictor of verbal abilities relative to expository nonfiction. When examining unique associations, controlling for demographic variables and the other genre, fiction remained a robust predictor, whereas nonfiction became a null or weak negative predictor. In light of this evidence, it appears that what we read plays an important role in how reading contributes to language development.
Brain-computer interface with somatosensory feedback improves functional recovery from severe hemiplegia due to chronic stroke

Recent studies have shown that scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interface (BCI) has a great potential for motor rehabilitation in stroke patients with severe hemiplegia. However, key elements in BCI architecture for functional recovery has yet to be clear. We in this study focused on the type of feedback to the patients, which is given contingently to their motor-related EEG in a BCI context. The efficacy of visual and somatosensory feedbacks was compared by a two-group study with the chronic stroke patients who are suffering with severe motor hemiplegia. Twelve patients were asked an attempt of finger opening in the affected side repeatedly, and the event-related desynchronization (ERD) in EEG of alpha and beta rhythms was monitored over bilateral parietal regions. Six patients were received a simple visual feedback in which the hand open/grasp picture on screen was animated at eye level, following significant ERD. Six patients were received a somatosensory feedback in which the motor-driven orthosis was triggered to extend the paralyzed fingers from 90 to 50°. All the participants received 1-h BCI treatment with 12–20 training days. After the training period, while no changes in clinical scores and electromyographic (EMG) activity were observed in visual feedback group after training, voluntary EMG activity was newly observed in the affected finger extensors in four cases and the clinical score of upper limb function in the affected side was also improved in three participants in somatosensory feedback group. Although the present study was conducted with a limited number of patients, these results imply that BCI training with somatosensory feedback could be more effective for rehabilitation than with visual feedback. This pilot trial positively encouraged further clinical BCI research using a controlled design.
Chloroformic and Methanolic Extracts of Olea europaea L. Leaves Present Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities

Olea europaea L. is used in traditional medicine in the Mediterranean areas. Its natural products are used in the treatment of different disorders, like fighting fever and some infectious diseases such as malaria, the treatment of arrhythmia, and relief of intestinal spasms. The aim of the current study is to investigate the possible anti-inflammatory and anatinociceptive effects of methanol and chloroformic extracts prepared from leaves of Olea europaea L. The anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the different extracts of Olea europaea leaves were assessed after intraperitoneal administration into rats and mice, using the carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats to test the anti-inflammatory effect and the acetic acid-induced writhing in mice to test the analgesic effect. The chloroformic and methanolic leaves extracts, studied at the doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg (Body Weight: BW), exhibited significant dose-dependent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that Olea europaea leaves extracts have anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects.
The image of accountants: From bean counters to extreme accountants

Purpose - The aim of this paper is to investigate the extent to which a profound change in the image of accountants can be seen in the discourse used in accounting software adverts that have appeared in the professional publications of the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants over the last four decades. Design/methodology/approach - Methodologically, the paper draws from Barthes' work on the rhetoric of images and Giddens' work on modernity. By looking at accounting software adverts, an attempt is made to investigate the image of the accountant produced by the discourse of the adverts, and whether the image produced reflects a wide social change in society. Findings - It was found that in the 1970s and the 1980s the accountant was constructed as a responsible and rational person. In the 1990s, the accountant was presented as an instructed action man. However, in a recent advert the accountant appeared as a more hedonistic person. Overall, the changes observed reflect changes in wider social practice from modernity, through high modernity, to hyper-modernity. Research limitations/implications - The image of the accountants has implications for the development of the accounting profession. In particular, the move towards hyper-modernity, where empathy towards others and the virtues of self-discipline and fairness are not at stake, has implications for the trustworthiness of the accounting profession. Originality/value - Although there has been some research into the image of accountants, particularly in the media and popular movies, extant works have mostly investigated how others perceive accountants and how accountants are generally portrayed. The paper however, places more stress on the construction of the image of the accountants when appealing to the accountants.