Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating Limit Reference Points for Western Pacific Leatherback Turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) in the U.S. West Coast EEZ

Biological limit reference points (LRPs) for fisheries catch represent upper bounds that avoid undesirable population states. LRPs can support consistent management evaluation among species and regions, and can advance ecosystem-based fisheries management. For transboundary species, LRPs prorated by local abundance can inform local management decisions when international coordination is lacking. We estimated LRPs for western Pacific leatherbacks in the U.S. West Coast Exclusive Economic Zone (WCEEZ) using three approaches with different types of information on local abundance. For the current application, the best-informed LRP used a local abundance estimate derived from nest counts, vital rate information, satellite tag data, and fishery observer data, and was calculated with a Potential Biological Removal estimator. Management strategy evaluation was used to set tuning parameters of the LRP estimators to satisfy risk tolerances for falling below population thresholds, and to evaluate sensitivity of population outcomes to bias in key inputs. We estimated local LRPs consistent with three hypothetical management objectives: allowing the population to rebuild to its maximum net productivity level (4.7 turtles per five years), limiting delay of population rebuilding (0.8 turtles per five years), or only preventing further decline (7.7 turtles per five years). These LRPs pertain to all human-caused removals and represent the WCEEZ contribution to meeting population management objectives within a broader international cooperative framework. We present multi-year estimates, because at low LRP values, annual assessments are prone to substantial error that can lead to volatile and costly management without providing further conservation benefit. The novel approach and the performance criteria used here are not a direct expression of the “jeopardy” standard of the U.S. Endangered Species Act, but they provide useful assessment information and could help guide international management frameworks. Given the range of abundance data scenarios addressed, LRPs should be estimable for many other areas, populations, and taxa.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of rivaroxaban for treatment and secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism in the Netherlands

Abstract Background: Until recently, standard treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) concerned a combination of short-term low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and long-term vitamin-K antagonist (VKA). Risk of bleeding and the requirement for regular anticoagulation monitoring are, however, limiting their use. Rivaroxaban is a novel oral anticoagulant associated with a significantly lower risk of major bleeds (hazard ratio = 0.54, 95% confidence interval = 0.37–0.79) compared to LMWH/VKA therapy, and does not require regular anticoagulation monitoring. Aims: To evaluate the health economic consequences of treating acute VTE patients with rivaroxaban compared to treatment with LMWH/VKA, viewed from the Dutch societal perspective. Methods: A life-time Markov model was populated with the findings of the EINSTEIN phase III clinical trial to analyze cost-effectiveness of rivaroxaban therapy in treatment and prevention of VTE from a Dutch societal perspective. Primary model outcomes were total and incremental quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), as well as life expectancy and costs. Results: Over a patient’s lifetime, rivaroxaban was shown to be dominant, with health gains of 0.047 QALYs and cost savings of €304 compared to LMWH/VKA therapy. Dominance was robustly present in all sensitivity analyses. Major drivers of the differences between the two treatment arms were related to anticoagulation monitoring (medical costs, travel costs, and loss of productivity) and the occurrence of major bleeds. Conclusion: Rivaroxaban treatment of patients with venous thromboembolism results in health gains and cost savings compared to LMWH/VKA therapy. This conclusion holds for the Dutch setting, both for the societal perspective, as well as the healthcare perspective.
The electrical synapse: Molecular complexities at the gap and beyond

Gap junctions underlie electrical synaptic transmission between neurons. Generally perceived as simple intercellular channels, “electrical synapses” have demonstrated to be more functionally sophisticated and structurally complex than initially anticipated. Electrical synapses represent an assembly of multiple molecules, consisting of channels, adhesion complexes, scaffolds, regulatory machinery, and trafficking proteins, all required for their proper function and plasticity. Additionally, while electrical synapses are often viewed as strictly symmetric structures, emerging evidence has shown that some components forming electrical synapses can be differentially distributed at each side of the junction. We propose that the molecular complexity and asymmetric distribution of proteins at the electrical synapse provides rich potential for functional diversity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 562–574, 2017
Understanding nutrition communication between health professionals and consumers: development of a model for nutrition awareness based on qualitative consumer research.

BACKGROUND Consumers have been exposed to nutrition information from a variety of sources, including the family doctor. They are often not aware of their own risk behavior regarding nutrition. OBJECTIVE This study sought to assess food associations, conversation topics, interest in food topics, and use of information sources by means of qualitative consumer research. Another aim was to provide a hypothetical model for nutrition awareness that could be tested in a quantitative survey. DESIGN Three focus groups with 30 Dutch consumers altogether were carried out. Qualitative data were analyzed with the computer software program NUD*IST (QSR, Melbourne) by sorting text blocks into categories, and new themes emerged. In addition, a hypothetical model for nutrition awareness was developed. RESULTS Consumers associated food most often with safe food, and food safety was the topic most often discussed. Tasty food was the most important food conversation topic. The family doctor was the information source most talked about. Furthermore, consumers possibly lacked some nutrition awareness. CONCLUSIONS Careful analysis revealed new themes (new in the past 10 y), such as concerns about food safety and reconsideration of the roles of family doctors and dietitians. Based on these themes, recommendations for nutrition communication were composed.
The anatomical scaffold underlying the functional centrality of known cortical hubs

Cortical hubs play a fundamental role in the functional architecture of brain connectivity at rest. However, the anatomical scaffold underlying their centrality is still under debate. Certainly, the brain function and anatomy are significantly entwined through synaptogenesis and pruning mechanisms that continuously reshape structural and functional connections. Thus, if hubs are expected to exhibit a large number of direct anatomical connections with the rest of the brain, such a dense wiring is extremely inefficient in energetic terms. In this work, we investigate these aspects on fMRI and DTI data from a set of know resting‐state networks, starting from the hypothesis that to promote integration, functional, and anatomical connections link different areas at different scales or hierarchies. Thus, we focused on the role of functional hubs in this hierarchical organization of functional and anatomical architectures. We found that these regions, from a structural point of view, are first linked to each other and successively to the rest of the brain. Thus, functionally central nodes seem to show few strong anatomical connections. These findings suggest an efficient strategy of the investigated cortical hubs in exploiting few direct anatomical connections to link functional hubs among each other that eventually reach the rest of the considered nodes through local indirect tracts. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5141–5160, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The distribution of IL‐13 receptor α1 expression on B cells, T cells and monocytes and its regulation by IL‐13 and IL‐4

To study the expression of IL‐13 receptor α1 (IL‐13Rα1), specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were generated. Surface expression of the IL‐13Rα1 on B cells, monocytes and T cells was assessed by flow cytometry using these specific mAb. Among tonsillar B cells, the expression was the highest on the IgD+ CD38− B cell subpopulation which is believed to represent naive B cells. Expression was also detectable on a large fraction of the IgD−CD38− B cells but not on CD38+ B cells. Activation under conditions which promote B cell Ig class switching up‐regulated the expression of the receptor. However, the same stimuli had an opposite effect for IL‐13Rα1 expression levels on monocytes. While IL‐13Rα1 mRNA was clearly detectable in T cell preparations, no surface expression was detected. However, permeabilization of the T cells showed a clear intracellular expression of the receptor. A soluble form of the receptor was immunoprecipitated from the supernatant of activated peripheral T cells, suggesting that T cell IL‐13Rα1 might have functions unrelated to the capacity to form a type II IL‐4 / IL‐13R with IL‐4Rα.
Common Denominators in Retained Orbital Wooden Foreign Body

Purpose: To identify some of the common denominators in the diverse presentation of retained orbital wooden foreign bodies. Methods: A review of 9 cases of previously unrecognized retained orbital wooden foreign bodies. Intervention included surgical removal of the foreign bodies in 8 cases and fistula repair in 1 case after spontaneous foreign body extrusion. Outcome measures included return of normal vision, absence of motility disturbance, and resolution of pain, inflammation, eyelid abnormalities, and other symptoms. Results: Presenting symptoms were diverse and included motility disturbance (5 of 9 patients), conjunctival injection with or without discharge (5 of 9 patients), decreased vision (4 of 9 patients), draining fistula (4 of 9 patients), and localized pain or sensation of tightness in the eyelid (4 of 9 patients). Uncommon symptoms included proptosis (2 of 9 patients), ptosis (2 of 9 patients), lower eyelid retraction (2 of 9 patients), and pain on ocular movement (1 of 9 patients). The interval between the injury and the diagnosis of retained wooden foreign body ranged from 10 days to 42 weeks. Conclusion: Occasionally, not all of the wooden pieces are removed at the time of initial orbital exploration, despite best efforts. Signs and symptoms of retained orbital wooden foreign body vary greatly. There is no single specific diagnostic or pathognomonic finding. Heightened awareness and a high index of suspicion are keys to proper diagnosis. It is important to have a properly worded consent that includes the possibility of residual wooden foreign bodies and the need for subsequent surgical exploration.
Nutrient intake and cerebral metabolism in healthy middle-aged adults: Implications for cognitive aging

Objectives: Growing evidence suggests dietary factors influence cognition, but the effects of nutrient intake on cerebral metabolism in adults are currently unknown. The present study investigated the relationship between major macronutrient intake (fat, carbohydrate, and protein) and cerebral neurochemical profiles in middle-aged adults. Methods: Thirty-six adults recorded dietary intake for 3 days prior to completing cognitive testing and a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) scan. 1H-MRS of occipitoparietal gray matter was used to assess glutamate (Glu), N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and myo-inositol (mI) relative to creatine (Cr) levels. Results: Regression analyses revealed that high intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was associated with lower cerebral Glu/Cr (P = 0.005), and high intake of saturated fat (SFA) was associated with poorer memory function (P = 0.030) independent of age, sex, education, estimated intelligence, total caloric intake, and body mass index. Discussion: In midlife, greater PUFA intake (ω-3 and ω-6) may be associated with lower cerebral glutamate, potentially indicating more efficient cellular reuptake of glutamate. SFA intake, on the other hand, was linked with poorer memory performance. These results suggest that dietary fat intake modification may be an important intervention target for the prevention of cognitive decline.
Work ability score and future work ability as predictors of register-based disability pension and long-term sickness absence: A three-year follow-up study

Aims: We investigated two single items of the Work Ability Index – work ability score, and future work ability – as predictors of register-based disability pension and long-term sickness absence over a three-year follow-up. Methods: Survey responses of 11,131 Finnish employees were linked to pension and long-term (more than 10 days) sickness absence register data by Statistics Finland. Work ability score was divided into poor (0–5), moderate (6–7) and good/excellent (8–10) and future work ability into poor (1–2) and good (3) work ability at baseline. Cox proportional hazard regressions were used in the analysis of disability pension, and a negative binomial model in the analysis of long-term sickness absence. The results were adjusted for several background, work- and health-related covariates. Results: Compared with those with good/excellent work ability scores, the hazard ratios of disability pension after adjusting for all covariates were 9.84 (95% CI 6.68–14.49) for poor and 2.25 (CI 95% 1.51–3.35) for moderate work ability score. For future work ability, the hazard ratio was 8.19 (95% CI 4.71–14.23) among those with poor future work ability. The incidence rate ratios of accumulated long-term sickness absence days were 3.08 (95% CI 2.19–4.32) and 1.59 (95% CI 1.32–1.92) for poor and moderate work ability scores, and 1.51 (95% CI 0.97–2.36) for poor future work ability. Conclusions: The single items of work ability score and future work ability predicted register-based disability pension equally well, but work ability score was a better predictor of register-based long-term sickness absence days than future work ability in a three-year follow-up. Both items seem to be of use especially when examining the risk of poor work ability for disability but also for long sick leave.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries (Baciuariophyta)

Abstract Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries belongs to Baciuariophyta, which can produce the neurotoxin known as domoic acid, a toxin that can cause amnesic shellfish poisoning in human beings. The research aspects mainly focus on its toxicity and diversity. However, there is no mitochondrial genome information about P. multiseries. The complete mitochondrial genome of P. multiseries was obtained through amplifying. The mitogenome is 46 283 bp in length with 31.04% GC content. It has a typical cyclic structure. The genome contains 37 protein-coding genes, including unidentified open reading frames, 23 tRNAs and 2rRNAs. Four group II introns were found in rps5, cob, cox1 and cox2. The co-linear analysis result exhibited existence of gene modules re-arrangements and inversions among P. multiseries, Synedra acus and Thalassiosira pseudonana. The gene contents comparison showed they have high similarities. Phylogeny results suggest P. multiseries has a close evolutionary relationship with T. pseudonana.
Parental response to severe or lethal prenatal diagnosis: a systematic review of qualitative studies

A severe or lethal prenatal diagnosis places great demands on prospective parents, who face choices of far‐reaching consequences, such as continuing or terminating the pregnancy. How best to support these parents is a clinical challenge. This systematic review aimed to identify and synthesize the qualitative evidence regarding prospective parents' responses to such prenatal diagnoses.
“The Friend Zone”- friendship moderates the impact of a web-based group dynamics application on group cohesion: a randomized trial

Purpose: Face-to-face group dynamics-based (GDB) programs have been shown to be effective in promoting group cohesion and physical activity (PA). Recent evidence suggests that GDB principles can be successfully translated to web-based applications to impact group cohesion. The social nature of such applications allows for interactions to occur between friends and strangers alike, potentially moderating the effects of such GDB applications. Optimal group composition within GDB web applications has yet to be determined. The present study examines the moderating effects of group composition in a GDB application on group cohesion and PA. Methods: Participants (n = 166) were randomized into same-sex pairs and then randomly assigned to an experimental condition: stranger (no app), stranger (using app), friend (using app) or individual control. Participants in all conditions performed two sets of planking exercises. In between sets, those in partnered conditions interacted with their partner using a GDB social media app, where they participated in a series of team-building activities. The main dependent variables were group cohesion and physical activity, calculated as the total persistence during Block 2, controlling for Block 1 persistence. Results: Results indicate that the group integration dimensions of cohesion were higher in groups that used the application than those that did not (GI-T: p= .001; GI-S: p= .004). Friends that used the app reported greater cohesion across all dimensions than strangers that did the same (ATG-T: p= .006; ATGS: p= .003; GI-T: p= .001; GI-S: p< .001). There was also a significant difference in PA (p=.004) between the two app-using conditions. However, there was no significant difference in PA between app using conditions and strangers that did not use the app (p= .495). Conclusions: Group cohesion can be enhanced through the use of an online GDB application. Using an online GDB application with a friend is associated with higher levels of cohesion. Further research is necessary to identify effective online GDB applications for impacting physical activity and cohesion in field settings.
Risk of Lung Cancer Mortality in Nuclear Workers from Internal Exposure to Alpha Particle-emitting Radionuclides

Background: Carcinogenic risks of internal exposures to alpha-emitters (except radon) are poorly understood. Since exposure to alpha particles—particularly through inhalation—occurs in a range of settings, understanding consequent risks is a public health priority. We aimed to quantify dose–response relationships between lung dose from alpha-emitters and lung cancer in nuclear workers. Methods: We conducted a case–control study, nested within Belgian, French, and UK cohorts of uranium and plutonium workers. Cases were workers who died from lung cancer; one to three controls were matched to each. Lung doses from alpha-emitters were assessed using bioassay data. We estimated excess odds ratio (OR) of lung cancer per gray (Gy) of lung dose. Results: The study comprised 553 cases and 1,333 controls. Median positive total alpha lung dose was 2.42 mGy (mean: 8.13 mGy; maximum: 316 mGy); for plutonium the median was 1.27 mGy and for uranium 2.17 mGy. Excess OR/Gy (90% confidence interval)—adjusted for external radiation, socioeconomic status, and smoking—was 11 (2.6, 24) for total alpha dose, 50 (17, 106) for plutonium, and 5.3 (−1.9, 18) for uranium. Conclusions: We found strong evidence for associations between low doses from alpha-emitters and lung cancer risk. The excess OR/Gy was greater for plutonium than uranium, though confidence intervals overlap. Risk estimates were similar to those estimated previously in plutonium workers, and in uranium miners exposed to radon and its progeny. Expressed as risk/equivalent dose in sieverts (Sv), our estimates are somewhat larger than but consistent with those for atomic bomb survivors. See video abstract at, http://links.lww. com/EDE/B232.
Orbital Development as a Function of Age in Indigenous North American Skeletons

Purpose: Infants with orbital hemangiomas and vascular malformations often develop expanded orbits or regional hyperostosis. Treatment in these cases depends, in part, on the stage of orbital development at the time of intervention; yet, orbital development with respect to age is not well-known. The authors sought to determine the rate of orbital development and the age of orbital maturation in a single ethnic population. Methods: Skeletons recovered in North America and housed at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, were inspected. The age of specimen was determined by dentition. Orbital volume was measured using 1-mm glass beads and a graduated cylinder. Linear measurements were taken with calipers and paper rulers. The measurements were plotted against age, and statistical analysis was performed. Relevant literature was reviewed. Results: Of the hundreds of skeletons examined, 42 were sufficiently intact for orbital measurement. The specimens represented a period of up to 1000 years. Thirty-two were pediatric (defined prenatal to 18 years) and 10 were adults. Mean adult orbital volume was 26.2 ml. Based on the regression analysis, 60% of adult orbital volume was achieved at 4.35 years, 75% at 9.36 years, and 90% at 17.13 years of age. Linear dimensions progressively increased with age. Conclusions: This largest direct-measure study of pediatric orbital volume suggests that orbital growth continually decelerates from birth until maturity at 22 years. With 50% of orbital growth occurring by 16 months of age, surgeons removing periocular vascular anomalies after that age should consider concurrent skeletal management.
Social work interventions in Sweden for patients newly diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes

ABSTRACT We evaluated psychosocial work with patients in ordinary clinical practice who were newly diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and experienced psychosocial problems at disease onset. We examined types of psychosocial problems, causes of these problems, psychosocial interventions, extent of achievement of psychosocial treatment goals, and whether the patients felt they benefited from the treatment. Eighty-nine working-age (18–65-year-old) Swedish adults newly diagnosed with diabetes were included. Each was interviewed and responded to questionnaires at the beginning and end of the study period. Thirty-four (38%) received psychosocial treatment as needed over 2 years. A psychosocial treatment plan with a defined goal was developed for each. Interventions included counseling, problem-focused support, social information, and advice. The treatment process was documented. Eighteen patients had type 1, and 16 had type 2 diabetes. One-third had emotional problems directly caused by receiving a diagnosis. Several of them had crisis reactions. The rest had problems primarily caused by their life situations. Those with psychosocial problems caused by receiving a diagnosis achieved treatment goals more frequently than the others. Distinguishing the cause of the psychosocial problems of newly diagnosed patients may help ensure that social work resources in health care are used as effectively as possible.