Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tis21 is required for adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and for olfactory behavior regulating cyclins, BMP4, Hes1/5 and Ids

Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) and the Notch pathway regulate quiescence and self-renewal of stem cells of the subventricular zone (SVZ), an adult neurogenic niche. Here we analyze the role at the intersection of these pathways of Tis21 (Btg2/PC3), a gene regulating proliferation and differentiation of adult SVZ stem and progenitor cells. In Tis21-null SVZ and cultured neurospheres, we observed a strong decrease in the expression of BMP4 and its effectors Smad1/8, while the Notch anti-neural mediators Hes1/5 and the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) inhibitors Id1-3 increased. Consistently, expression of the proneural bHLH gene NeuroD1 decreased. Moreover, cyclins D1/2, A2, and E were strongly up-regulated. Thus, in the SVZ Tis21 activates the BMP pathway and inhibits the Notch pathway and the cell cycle. Correspondingly, the Tis21-null SVZ stem cells greatly increased; nonetheless, the proliferating neuroblasts diminished, whereas the post-mitotic neuroblasts paradoxically accumulated in SVZ, failing to migrate along the rostral migratory stream to the olfactory bulb. The ability, however, of neuroblasts to migrate from SVZ explants was not affected, suggesting that Tis21-null neuroblasts do not migrate to the olfactory bulb because of a defect in terminal differentiation. Notably, BMP4 addition or Id3 silencing rescued the defective differentiation observed in Tis21-null neurospheres, indicating that they mediate the Tis21 pro-differentiative action. The reduced number of granule neurons in the Tis21-null olfactory bulb led to a defect in olfactory detection threshold, without effect on olfactory memory, also suggesting that within olfactory circuits new granule neurons play a primary role in odor sensitivity rather than in memory.
Racial Identity Attitudes, Womanist Identity Attitudes, and Self-Esteem in African American College Women Attending Historically Black Single-Sex and Coeducational Institutions

This study examines racial identity attitudes, womanist identity attitudes, and self-esteem of 111 African American college women attending two historically black higher educational institutions, one coeducational and one single-sex. the major findings indicate that preencounter and encounter attitudes of racial and womanist identity are correlated with each other, but negatively correlated with self-esteem. Follow up analyses revealed that womanist or racial identity attitudes do not mediate self-esteem. Suggestions for future research are given and implications for student affairs practice are discussed.
Theory Format and SLA Theory

This paper reviews work in the philosophy of science pertinent to theory formats and relates it to recent second language acquisition (SLA) theories. Recent developments in philosophy of science and science studies have shown that the theory format advocated by philosophy of science for much of this century is unhelpful; developments in theory format in cognitive science, particularly psychology, artificial intelligence, and linguistics, have proceeded on lines independent of the older tradition in theory format. The naturalization of philosophy of science has resulted in improved understandings of what is necessary in a theory if it is to be adequately explanatory. SLA theory development has largely taken place in ignorance of such recent developments, and initial critiques of SLA theory from within the field reflected the earlier conception of theory. However, SLA research has reached the stage where a meta-understanding of theory formats, in terms of the components of a theory and the language in which a theory is couched (its formalism), is badly needed to facilitate theory development.
Drug Use among Puerto Ricans: Ethnic Identity as a Protective Factor

This study assesses the relationship of multiple drug risks, Puerto Rican identity, and drug use. In addition, the risk/protective and protective/protective paradigms for examining interactive effects of ethnic identity and drug risks on drug use were assessed. Structured interviews were conducted with 555 Puerto Rican males andfemales whose mean age was 19. Each risk and two ethnic variables were related to drug use. Regressions showed that cultural knowledge, being culturally active, group attachment, and identification with Puerto Ricans offset the impact of risks on drug use. Ethnic variables also enhanced the protective effect of other protective factors. These results substantiate expanding risk-buffering models to include ethnic identity and the protective role of ethnic identity for Puerto Rican youth.
Dynamics of DNA in the flow-gradient plane of steady shear flow: Observations and simulations

The dynamical behavior of DNA in steady shear flow has been elucidated using a combination of Brownian dynamics (BD) simulation and single molecule visualization using fluorescence microscopy. Observations of DNA motion in the flow-gradient plane of shear flow using a novel flow apparatus allow for measurement of the gradient-direction polymer thickness (δ2), a microscopic conformational property that has direct influence on macroscopic polymer solution properties. To complement experimental results for λ-phage DNA (22 μm in length) and 84 μm DNA, we present BD simulation results for DNA in terms of both free-draining bead−spring models and models including both intramolecular hydrodynamic interactions (HI) and excluded volume (EV) interactions. Good agreement between experiments and BD simulations is obtained for ensemble averaged measurements of polymer extension, δ2, and orientation angle over a wide range of flow strengths. Macroscopic solution properties, including the polymer contribution to the she.
Physical fitness status of children and adolescents in Tianjin of China during past three decades: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND Significant changes in the society and lifestyle have been observed in China, which influences the physical fitness status of children and adolescents. This study aimed to estimate the physical fitness status in Tianjin during the past three decades. METHODS Cross sectional survey was used in this study. The data were derived from the Chinese National Students' Physical Health Survey database (1985-2010) using stratified cluster randomized sampling method. A total of 58,006 subjects aged 7-21 were recruited. The ethics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University before collecting data from the children and adolescents, and/or their parents/guardians on behalf of them. Also written informed consent was obtained before collecting data from the patients. The secular trend of the physical fitness status, Levels of height, weight, body mass index, and chest circumference in China were calculated. The increase velocity of according indexes were analyzed, gender and rural/urban difference were discussed afterwards. SPSS16.0 was used in the analysis. RESULTS Levels of height, weight, body mass index, and chest circumference were obviously increased in 2010 compared to those levels in 1985, especially in the 9-13 age group. It was observed that the increase in the two crosses for height velocity between two genders of rural students was disappeared and the age of seven was important for the physical development. CONCLUSIONS The circumstance was good for the physical development of the children and adolescents. The disappearance of the two crosses for height velocity between two genders of rural students in this study might be associated with factors such as nutritional status.
QUANTIZED STATIC OUTPUT FEEDBACK STABILIZATION OF DISCRETE-TIME NETWORKED CONTROL SYSTEMS

This paper is concerned with the static output feedback (SOF) stabilization for discrete-time networked control systems (NCSs) with input and output signals quantization. A novel model of the systems is proposed by a sector bounded approach where the internal eﬀects of network induced delay and signals quantization are considered. By using Lyapunov functional approach, together with introducing relaxation variables technique, suﬃcient conditions for quantized SOF stabilizing controller design are given. Since the obtained conditions are not expressed strictly in term of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), the quantized SOF controller is solved by using modi(cid:12)ed cone complementary linearization (CCL) algorithm. In addition, the obtained conditions of stability analysis and SOF stabilization for discrete-time NCSs in absence of quantization are proved to be less conservative than some existing results. Numerical examples are also presented to illustrate the applicability of the developed method.
An Investigation of Lorenz's "Babyness".

FULLARD, WILLIAM, and REILING, ANNE M. An Investigation of Lorenz's "Babyness. " CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1076, 47, 1191-1193. Lorenz's concept of "babyness" as an innate releaser for infant caretaking behavior was investigated in relation to its developmental aspects. 20 males and 20 females at grade levels 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and adults were presented with pairs of slides depicting human adults, human infants, animal adults, and animal infants and asked for their preference. Results indicated that for females there was a striking change in preference from adults to infants occurring between grades 6 and 8. Males also showed a significant increase in infant preference, but it was not so dramatic and occurred at least 2 years later. There was no difference in preference for animal versus human slides.
Stem Cell Mobilization Is Life Saving in an Animal Model of Acute Liver Failure

Objective:No therapy except liver transplantation currently exists for patients with acute liver failure (ALF). The aim of this study was to determine whether pharmacologic mobilization of endogenous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can aid in liver repair and improve survival in an animal model of ALF. Methods:Rodents were treated with a single near-lethal intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). After 12 hours, animals were randomized to receive plerixafor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), agents known to mobilize marrow-derived stem cells, or saline vehicle injection. Mice were observed for survival, and serial assessment of liver injury by serum transaminase measurements, and histologic analysis was performed. Results:In our ALF model, 7-day survival after injection of CCl4 was 25%. Administration of plerixafor and G-CSF following CCl4 resulted in 87% survival (n = 8, P < 0.05). On serial histopathologic analysis, animals treated with plerixafor and G-CSF demonstrated less hepatic injury compared with control animals. Evaluation of peripheral blood demonstrated an increase in circulating HSCs in response to plerixafor and G-CSF, and immunostaining suggested the infiltration of HSCs into the hepatic parenchyma after stem cell mobilization. Conclusions:Our results suggest a possible new treatment strategy for patients with ALF, a group for whom either liver transplantation or death is frequently the outcome. Pharmacologic agents that mobilize HSCs may lead to an infiltration of the injured liver with cells that may participate in or expedite liver regeneration. This therapy has the potential to avert liver transplantation in some patients with ALF and may be of benefit in a wide variety of medical and surgical patients with liver injury.
Reliability of Implicit Self–Esteem Measures Revisited

This study investigated the internal consistencies and temporal stabilities of different implicit self–esteem measures. Participants (N = 101) responded twice—with a time lag of 4 weeks—to five different tasks: the Implicit Association Test (IAT), the Brief Implicit Association Test (BIAT), the Affective Priming Task (APT), the Identification–Extrinsic Affective Simon Task (ID–EAST) and the Name–Letter Task (NLT). As expected, the highest reliability coefficients were obtained for the self–esteem IAT. Importantly, the internal consistencies and the temporal stabilities of the APT, the ID–EAST, and the NLT were substantially improved by using material, structural, and analytic innovations. In particular, the use of the adaptive response–window procedure for the APT, the computation of error scores for the ID–EAST, and the computation of a double corrected scoring algorithm for the NLT yielded reliability coefficients comparable to those of the established IAT. Implications for the indirect assessment of self–esteem are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The creative city: A toolkit for urban innovators

The Creative City is now a classic and has been republished many times. It is an ambitious book and a clarion call for imaginative action in running urban life. It seeks to inspire people to think, plan and act imaginatively in the city and to get an ideas factory going that turns urban innovations into reality. Its aim is to make readers feel: ‘I can do that too’ and to spread confidence that creative and innovative solutions to urban problems are feasible however bad they may seem at first sight.
Mechanisms of heterosynaptic metaplasticity

Synaptic plasticity is fundamental to the neural processes underlying learning and memory. Interestingly, synaptic plasticity itself can be dynamically regulated by prior activity, in a process termed ‘metaplasticity’, which can be expressed both homosynaptically and heterosynaptically. Here, we focus on heterosynaptic metaplasticity, particularly long-range interactions between synapses spread across dendritic compartments, and review evidence for intracellular versus intercellular signalling pathways leading to this effect. Of particular interest is our previously reported finding that priming stimulation in stratum oriens of area CA1 in the hippocampal slice heterosynaptically inhibits subsequent long-term potentiation and facilitates long-term depression in stratum radiatum. As we have excluded the most likely intracellular signalling pathways that might mediate this long-range heterosynaptic effect, we consider the hypothesis that intercellular communication may be critically involved. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that extracellular ATP hydrolysis, and activation of adenosine A2 receptors are required to induce the metaplastic state. Moreover, delivery of the priming stimulation in stratum oriens elicited astrocytic calcium responses in stratum radiatum. Both the astrocytic responses and the metaplasticity were blocked by gap junction inhibitors. Taken together, these findings support a novel intercellular communication system, possibly involving astrocytes, being required for this type of heterosynaptic metaplasticity.
STECMAP: STEllar Content from high-resolution galactic spectra via Maximum A Posteriori

In this paper we describe STECMAP (STEllar Content via Maximum A Posteriori), a flexible, non-parametric inversion method for the interpretation of the integrated light spectra of galaxies, based on synthetic spectra of single stellar populations (SSPs). We focus on the recovery of a galaxy's star formation history and stellar age–metallicity relation. We use the high-resolution SSPs produced by pegase-hr to quantify the informational content of the wavelength range λλ= 4000–6800. Regularization of the inversion is achieved by requiring that the solutions are relatively smooth functions of age. The smoothness parameter is set automatically via generalized cross validation. A detailed investigation of the properties of the corresponding simplified linear problem is performed using singular value decomposition. It turns out to be a powerful tool for explaining and predicting the behaviour of the inversion, and may help designing SSP models in the future. We provide means of quantifying the fundamental limitations of the problem considering the intrinsic properties of the SSPs in the spectral range of interest, as well as the noise in these models and in the data. We demonstrate that the information relative to the stellar content is relatively evenly distributed within the optical spectrum. We show that one should not attempt to recover more than about eight characteristic episodes in the star formation history from the wavelength domain we consider. STECMAP preserves optimal (in the cross validation sense) freedom in the characterization of these episodes for each spectrum. We performed a systematic simulation campaign and found that, when the time elapsed between two bursts of star formation is larger than 0.8 dex, the properties of each episode can be constrained with a precision of 0.02 dex in age and 0.04 dex in metallicity from high-quality data [R= 10 000, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) = 100 per pixel], not taking model errors into account. We also found that the spectral resolution has little effect on population separation provided low- and high-resolution experiments are performed with the same SNR per A. However, higher spectral resolution does improve the accuracy of metallicity and age estimates in double-burst separation experiments. When the fluxes of the data are properly calibrated, extinction can be estimated; otherwise the continuum can be discarded or used to estimate flux correction factors. The described methods and error estimates will be useful in the design and in the analysis of extragalactic spectroscopic surveys.
The Effect of Rest Interval Length on Repeated Maximal Bench Presses

This study examined the effect of rest interval length on repeated one-repetition maximum (1-RM) bench press performance. Sixteen male college students (age = 22±2 yrs) who were experienced in the bench press exercise volunteered for this investigation. On the first laboratory visit the subjects' 1-RM was determined. The next four test sessions involved performing the 1-RM attempt two times, with the intertrial interval being 1, 3, 5, or 10 min. The results of a Cochran Q test found on significant (p > 0.05) difference in the ability to repeat a successful maximal bench press based on the rest interval lengths tested. These findings are consistent with previous research indicating a rapid return in maximal force production capabilities following a fatiguing task. These results indicate that 1-min rest intervals are sufficient for recovery between maximal strength tests.
Effects of bepotastine, cetirizine, fexofenadine, and olopatadine on histamine‐induced wheal‐and flare‐response, sedation, and psychomotor performance

Although many antihistamines are now in clinical use, few studies directly compare their pharmacodynamic and sedative activities in humans in vivo. We designed a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study to compare the inhibitory effects of bepotastine, cetirizine, fexofenadine, and olopatadine on histamine‐induced flare‐and‐wheal response. Systemic sedative effects and impaired psychomotor activities by these drugs were also evaluated. Bepotastine (10 mg twice a day), cetirizine (10 mg once a day), fexofenadine (60 mg twice a day), and olopatadine (5 mg twice a day) or placebo was given in a double‐blind manner to seven healthy volunteers before histamine challenge by iontophoresis. At 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h following the oral administration of these drugs, histamine iontophoresis‐induced wheal‐and‐flare response was measured. Sedative effects by the drugs were also evaluated by a visual analogue scale for subjective sedation, and by word processor test for psychomotor activity. Each volunteer was tested with all of the drugs (including placebo), administered in a random order with a washout period of at least 1 week. Histamine iontophoresis induced marked wheal‐and‐flare response in all participants. Bepotastine, cetirizine, fexofenadine, and olopatadine yielded significant reduction of histamine‐induced wheal‐and‐flare response compared to placebo (P < 0.01). Among the drugs, olopatadine and cetirizine suppressed most markedly and persistently histamine‐induced wheal‐and‐flare response, while bepotastine and fexofenadine produced a significant, but less persistent suppression. Olopatadine, fexofenadine, and cetirizine showed a significant systemic sedative effect in this order with bepotastine showing the least sedative effect. Moreover, olopatadine affected psychomotor performance most markedly, which was followed by fexofenadine and cetirizine. These results indicate that bepotastine, cetirizine, fexofenadine, and olopatadine inhibit histamine‐induced wheal‐and‐flare response of humans in vivo and induce a variable systemic sedative effect and impaired psychomotor activity. Although olopatadine and cetirizine showed the strongest and most persistent suppression of histamine‐induced wheal‐and‐flare response, olopatadine showed a considerable sedative effect with impaired psychomotor performance.
Processing Negation in the Context of Adjectival Antonymy

Processing Negation in the Context of Adjectival Antonymy In a series of experimental studies we deal with processing negation in adjectives, with recognition of their affective value. For the studied material we chose adjectives describing people in categories of positive and negative characters. We used linguistic and extralinguistic negation (known also as external negation) to study the difficulty (measured in time of categorizing and number of mistakes) in processing negated adjectives which belonged to three groups, distinguished on the function of the morpheme "no". The main effect of negation type, as well as interaction of the negation factor and the affective sign of the adjectives, occurred in every group. The type of applied negation determined which adjectives, positive or negative, were categorized faster and more appropriately. The study showed close interaction between cognitive and affective processing.
The Empirical Robustness of Description Logic Classification

In spite of the recent renaissance in lightweight description logics (DLs), many prominent DLs, such as that underlying the Web Ontology Language (OWL), have high worst case complexity for their key inference services. Modern reasoners have a large array of optimization, tuned calculi, and implementation tricks that allow them to perform very well in a variety of application scenarios, even though the complexity results ensure that they will perform poorly for some inputs. For users, the key question is how often they will encounter those pathological inputs in practice, that is, how robust are reasoners. We attempt to determine this question for classification of existing ontologies as they are found on the Web. It is a fairly common user task to examine ontologies published on the Web as part of their development process. Thus, the robustness of reasoners in this scenario is both directly interesting and provides some hints toward answering the broader question. From our experiments, we show that the current crop of OWL reasoners, in collaboration, is very robust against the Web.
The mitochondrial proteins Atm1p and Nfs1p are essential for biogenesis of cytosolic Fe/S proteins

Iron–sulfur (Fe/S) cluster‐containing proteins catalyse a number of electron transfer and metabolic reactions. Little is known about the biogenesis of Fe/S clusters in the eukaryotic cell. Here, we demonstrate that mitochondria perform an essential role in the synthesis of both intra‐ and extra‐mitochondrial Fe/S proteins. Nfs1p represents the yeast orthologue of the bacterial cysteine desulfurase NifS that initiates biogenesis by producing elemental sulfur. The matrix‐localized protein is required for synthesis of both mitochondrial and cytosolic Fe/S proteins. The ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter Atm1p of the mitochondrial inner membrane performs an essential function only in the generation of cytosolic Fe/S proteins by mediating export of Fe/S cluster precursors synthesized by Nfs1p and other mitochondrial proteins. Assembly of cellular Fe/S clusters constitutes an indispensable biosynthetic task of mitochondria with potential relevance for an iron‐storage disease and the control of cellular iron uptake.