Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A minimization principle for the description of modes associated with finite-time instabilities

We introduce a minimization formulation for the determination of a finite-dimensional, time-dependent, orthonormal basis that captures directions of the phase space associated with transient instabilities. While these instabilities have finite lifetime, they can play a crucial role either by altering the system dynamics through the activation of other instabilities or by creating sudden nonlinear energy transfers that lead to extreme responses. However, their essentially transient character makes their description a particularly challenging task. We develop a minimization framework that focuses on the optimal approximation of the system dynamics in the neighbourhood of the system state. This minimization formulation results in differential equations that evolve a time-dependent basis so that it optimally approximates the most unstable directions. We demonstrate the capability of the method for two families of problems: (i) linear systems, including the advection–diffusion operator in a strongly non-normal regime as well as the Orr–Sommerfeld/Squire operator, and (ii) nonlinear problems, including a low-dimensional system with transient instabilities and the vertical jet in cross-flow. We demonstrate that the time-dependent subspace captures the strongly transient non-normal energy growth (in the short-time regime), while for longer times the modes capture the expected asymptotic behaviour.
OSSOS. VI. Striking Biases in the Detection of Large Semimajor Axis Trans-Neptunian Objects

The accumulating but small set of large semimajor axis trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) shows an apparent clustering in the orientations of their orbits. This clustering must either be representative of the intrinsic distribution of these TNOs, or else have arisen as a result of observation biases and/or statistically expected variations for such a small set of detected objects. The clustered TNOs were detected across different and independent surveys, which has led to claims that the detections are therefore free of observational bias. This apparent clustering has led to the so-called “Planet 9” hypothesis that a super-Earth currently resides in the distant solar system and causes this clustering. The Outer Solar System Origins Survey (OSSOS) is a large program that ran on the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope from 2013 to 2017, discovering more than 800 new TNOs. One of the primary design goals of OSSOS was the careful determination of observational biases that would manifest within the detected sample. We demonstrate the striking and non-intuitive biases that exist for the detection of TNOs with large semimajor axes. The eight large semimajor axis OSSOS detections are an independent data set, of comparable size to the conglomerate samples used in previous studies. We conclude that the orbital distribution of the OSSOS sample is consistent with being detected from a uniform underlying angular distribution.
Consequences of thymidine catabolism for estimates of bacterial production: An example from a coastal marine sediment

Radioactively labeled thymidine (TdR) has been used extensively to measure bacterial production in aquatic environments, but critical assumptions of the TdR technique often have gone untested. In this study of a coastal marine sediment, the metabolic fate of methyl [3H]TdR and methyl [14C]TdR was at variance with the assumptions necessary for determining bacterial production. Only 2% of incorporated radioactivity was recovered in the DNA fraction of TCA-insoluble material following time-course incubations of l-300 min. At least the methyl group of TdR was extensively catabolized, as shown by copious production of 14C0,. The temporal patterns of 3H : 14C ratios in macromolecuAcknowledgments We thank P. LaRock for helpful discussions and use of his laboratory, M. Foy for assistance with the experiment, and D. Karl for advice on technical aspects of DNA extraction. K. Hofer and M. Schneiderman provided comments on our results. The manuscript was improved by comments from R. Iverson, P. LaRock, D. Thistle, and three reviewers. This research is Florida State University Marine Laboratory Contribution No. 1046 and was funded in part by Sigma Xi Grants-in-Aid-of Research (F.C.D. and K.R.C.) and NSF Grant OCE 83-09967 (P. A. LaRock). lar fractions indicated that products of catabolism were recycled into the DNA fraction. The accuracy of the TdR technique depends in large part on the degree to which such catabolism occurs. Estimation of bacterial production in aquatic environments is of interest to microbial ecologists, organic geochemists, limnologists, and oceanographers, among others. There has been a recent proliferation of such estimates, accompanied by controversy regarding the technique of choice (e.g. Hagstriim et al. 1979; Karl 1986; Moriarty 1986; Fuhrman et al. 1986; Karl and Winn 1986). Many investigators use radiolabeled precursors of nucleic acids and, for example, incorporation of radioactivity into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as a measure of bacterial growth. Undoubtedly the most popular precursor has been the nucleoside thymidine (thymidine deoxyribose, hereafter TdR); methyl [3H]TdR is the most frequently used form. The expectation has been
Design and performance of a centimetre-scale shrouded wind turbine for energy harvesting

A miniature shrouded wind turbine aimed at energy harvesting for power delivery to wireless sensors in pipes and ducts is presented. The device has a rotor diameter of 2 cm, with an outer diameter of 3.2 cm, and generates electrical power by means of an axial-flux permanent magnet machine built into the shroud. Fabrication was accomplished using a combination of traditional machining, rapid prototyping, and flexible printed circuit board technology for the generator stator, with jewel bearings providing low friction and start up speed. Prototype devices can operate at air speeds down to 3 m s−1, and deliver between 80 µW and 2.5 mW of electrical power at air speeds in the range 3–7 m s−1. Experimental turbine performance curves, obtained by wind tunnel testing and corrected for bearing losses using data obtained in separate vacuum run-down tests, are compared with the predictions of an elementary blade element momentum (BEM) model. The two show reasonable agreement at low tip speed ratios. However, in experiments where a maximum could be observed, the maximum power coefficient (∼9%) is marginally lower than predicted from the BEM model and occurs at a lower than predicted tip speed ratio of around 0.6.
Vitamin D status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a correlation analysis with disease activity and progression, as well as serum IL-6 levels.

OBJECTIVES Recent epidemiological studies suggested an association between a poor vitamin D [25(OH)D] status, inflammatory mediators, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We have recently proposed that pro-inflammatory interleukin 6 (IL-6) may represent a good marker for disease activity of RA. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and disease activity, joint damage, as well as serum IL-6 levels in a Polish RA population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured in 35 female RA patients and 38 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Statistical correlations between 25(OH)D levels and the disease activity score 28 (DAS 28), joint damage based on the Steinbrocker criteria, as well as serum IL-6 levels were performed. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference between levels of 25(OH)D in RA (16.89±8.57 ng/ml) and healthy controls (14.12±7.51 ng/ml), and the vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) was found in 71.43% of RA patients and 73.68 % of healthy controls. While vitamin D status did not correlate with DAS 28 (r=0.265, p=0.149) and joint damage based on the Steinbrocker criteria (r=0.367, p=0.065), a positive correlation between 25(OH)D and IL-6 (r=0.537, p=0.002) was observed in RA. CONCLUSION Although further studies on a larger group of patients will be needed to confirm the data presented here, it seems that hypovitaminosis D is common in the RA patients and middle-aged non-RA healthy women in the Polish population. 25(OH)D levels were similar in the RA patients and age- and gender-matched healthy controls, and were not associated with joint damage and disease activity in patients.
> Replace This Line with Your Paper Identification Number (double-click Here to Edit) <

1  Abstract—Compressed sensing has shown great potentials in accelerating magnetic resonance imaging. Fast image reconstruction and high image quality are two main issues faced by this new technology. It has been shown that, redundant image representations, e.g. tight frames, can significantly improve the image quality. But how to efficiently solve the reconstruction problem with these redundant representation systems is still challenging. This paper attempts to address the problem of applying iterative soft-thresholding algorithm (ISTA) to tight frames based magnetic resonance image reconstruction. By introducing the canonical dual frame to construct the orthogonal projection operator on the range of the analysis sparsity operator, we propose a projected iterative soft-thresholding algorithm (pISTA) and further accelerate it by incorporating the strategy proposed by Beck and Teboulle in 2009. We theoretically prove that pISTA converges to the minimum of a function with a balanced tight frame sparsity. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves better reconstruction than the widely used synthesis sparse model and the accelerated pISTA converges faster or comparable to the state-of-art smoothing FISTA. One major advantage of pISTA is that only one extra parameter, the step size, is introduced and the numerical solution is stable to it in terms of image reconstruction errors, thus allowing easily setting in many fast magnetic resonance imaging applications.
Midlife insulin resistance, APOE genotype, and late-life brain amyloid accumulation

Objective To examine whether midlife insulin resistance is an independent risk factor for brain amyloid accumulation in vivo after 15 years, and whether this risk is modulated by APOE ε4 genotype. Methods This observational study examined 60 elderly volunteers without dementia (mean age at baseline 55.4 and at follow-up 70.9 years, 55.5% women) from the Finnish population-based, nationwide Health2000 study with [11C]Pittsburgh compound B–PET imaging in 2014–2016. The participants were recruited according to their homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values in the year 2000, and their APOE ε4 genotype. The exposure group (IR+, n = 30) consisted of individuals with HOMA-IR >2.17 at baseline (highest tertile of the Health2000 study population), and the control group (IR−, n = 30) consisted of individuals with HOMA-IR <1.25 at baseline (lowest tertile). The groups were enriched for APOE ε4 carriers, resulting in 50% (n = 15) APOE ε4 carriers in both groups. Analyses were performed with multivariate logistic and linear regression. Results An amyloid-positive PET scan was found in 33.3% of the IR− group and 60.0% of the IR+ group (odds ratio 3.0, 95% confidence interval 1.1–8.9, p = 0.04). The increased risk was seen in carriers and noncarriers of APOE ε4 genotype. Higher midlife, but not late-life continuous HOMA-IR was associated with a greater brain amyloid burden at follow-up after multivariate adjustments for other cognitive and metabolic risk factors (β = 0.11, 95% confidence interval 0.002–0.22, p = 0.04). Conclusions These results indicate that midlife insulin resistance is an independent risk factor for brain amyloid accumulation in elderly individuals without dementia.
Job satisfaction among health care workers : the role of gender and age 1

Copyright © 2013 Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (CC BY-NC). This license lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially, and although their new works must also acknowledge you and be non-commercial, they don’t have to license their derivative works on the same terms. Corresponding Author: César Carrillo-García Universidad de Murcia. Facultad de Enfermería Campus Universitario de Espinardo, s/n Edificio 23 Espinardo 30100, Murcia, España E-mail: cesarcarrillo@um.es César Carrillo-García2 María del Carmen Solano-Ruíz3 María Emilia Martínez-Roche4 Carmen Isabel Gómez-García4
Anterior, posterior and biomechanical parameters of cornea during pregnancy in healthy eyes: a cohort study

Background To investigate the effect of pregnancy on anterior, posterior and biomechanical corneal parameters of healthy eyes. Method In this prospective cohort study, 70 pregnant participants with clinically healthy eyes underwent corneal topographic imaging evaluation by Pentacam and biomechanical assessment by Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) before pregnancy, at the third trimester of pregnancy (34th week of pregnancy) and 12 months after delivery. The same number of age-matched non-pregnant females was evaluated at the corresponding appointments as the control group. Results Assessment of the tomographic, topographic and ORA measurements before pregnancy, at the third trimester of pregnancy and 12 months post partum revealed no statistically significant changes in anterior and posterior corneal flat, steep and mean keratometry, anterior and posterior elevation measurements, central and thinnest corneal thickness, corneal hysteresis, corneal resistance factor and intraocular pressure measurements (p>0.05, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA)). All of the study parameters returned to their baseline levels 1 year after delivery. The ophthalmic parameters of the non-pregnant group remained significantly unchanged during the study period (p>0.05, all comparisons, repeated measures ANOVA). Moreover, no statistically significant differences were found between pregnant and non-pregnant groups in the second (34th week of pregnancy) and third (post partum) appointments (p>0.05, all comparisons, one-way ANOVA). Conclusion Our findings may suggest a physiological nature for ocular changes during pregnancy that these changes return to baseline values after delivery. The differences between tomographic, topographic and biomechanical corneal parameters before pregnancy, during pregnancy and post partum were not statistically or clinically significant.
Content-Based Citation Recommendation

We present a content-based method for recommending citations in an academic paper draft. We embed a given query document into a vector space, then use its nearest neighbors as candidates, and rerank the candidates using a discriminative model trained to distinguish between observed and unobserved citations. Unlike previous work, our method does not require metadata such as author names which can be missing, e.g., during the peer review process. Without using metadata, our method outperforms the best reported results on PubMed and DBLP datasets with relative improvements of over 18% in F1@20 and over 22% in MRR. We show empirically that, although adding metadata improves the performance on standard metrics, it favors self-citations which are less useful in a citation recommendation setup. We release an online portal for citation recommendation based on our method, (URL: http://bit.ly/citeDemo) and a new dataset OpenCorpus of 7 million research articles to facilitate future research on this task.
Stabilization of the Fourth Metatarsal–Cuboid Lateral Lisfranc Injury: Early Results of an Innovative Technique Using Suture Anchors

&NA; This report presents an innovative surgical technique for the correction of cuboid–metatarsal subluxation at the level of the lateral Lisfranc joint. This stabilization technique reinforces the dorsal fourth tarsometatarsal ligament by incorporating sutures and anchors, establishing a more stable joint. The data from 5 female patients undergoing stabilization using a suture anchor construct were reviewed. All 5 patients were able to resume their activities, including the adolescent athletes. Anatomic reconstruction of the dorsal fourth tarsometatarsal ligament complex can lead to full mechanical and functional stability, which ultimately allows for a return to activity, even in highly demanding sports and athletes. &NA; Level of Clinical Evidence: 4
Stunt Nematode (Tylenchorhynchus claytoni) Impact on Southern Pine Seedlings and Response to a Field Test of Cover Crops

The stunt nematode, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, was found to cause a reduction in root volume (cm 3 ) of loblolly pine at population densities equivalent of 125 nematodes/100 cm 3 (6 in 3 ) soil and greater. The results of a host range test conducted in containers under controlled condi- tions determined that buckwheat cultivar (Fagopryum esculentum 'Mancan'), velvetbean (Mucuna pruriens), Kobe lespedeza (Lespedeza striata 'Kobe'), bicolor lespedeza (Lespedeza bicolor), and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) are suitable hosts for the stunt nematode. Previous container studies concluded that pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) hybrid 'ET-300' was a nonhost for the stunt nematode. A 2-year field test of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid 'Sugar Graze,' pearl millet hybrid 'Tifleaf 3,' and fallow found that the use of pearl millet as a cover crop greatly restricts population development of the stunt nematode in infested fields, and its use would be a good alternative to fallow .
The Impact of State AIDS Drug Assistance Policies on Clinical and Economic Outcomes of People With HIV

We investigated the effect of changes to state AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAP) policies, which govern access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), on clinical and economic outcomes among low-income people living with HIV/AIDS. Retrospective analyses of ART access were conducted on state ADAP policies, using data from ADAP Monitoring Reports and Kaiser Family Foundation from 2006 to 2010. We found stricter eligibility requirements reduce the number of HIV-positive individuals with ART access through ADAP, and decreased ART use increases mortality by 2.67 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) per beneficiary. If the ADAP income eligibility cutoff were decreased by 50 percentage points in each state, 4,626 individuals would lose ART access nationwide. Based on a $22,143 cost/QALY, this policy would save $274 million in health care expenditures (2012 dollars), but result in 12,352 QALYs lost, valued at $1.2 billion. Therefore, states should exercise caution in restricting programs that increase ART access for low-income people living with HIV/AIDS.
Pilot Study of Delayed ICOS/ICOS-L Blockade With αCD40 to Modulate Pathogenic Alloimmunity in a Primate Cardiac Allograft Model

Background Inducible costimulator (ICOS) is rapidly upregulated with T-cell stimulation and may represent an escape pathway for T-cell costimulation in the setting of CD40/CD154 costimulation blockade. Induction treatment exhibited no efficacy in a primate renal allograft model, but rodent transplant models suggest that the addition of delayed ICOS/ICOS-L blockade may prolong allograft survival and prevent chronic rejection. Here, we ask whether ICOS-Ig treatment, timed to anticipate ICOS upregulation, prolongs NHP cardiac allograft survival or attenuates pathogenic alloimmunity. Methods Cynomolgus monkey heterotopic cardiac allograft recipients were treated with &agr;CD40 (2C10R4, d0-90) either alone or with the addition of delayed ICOS-Ig (d63-110). Results Median allograft survival was similar between ICOS-Ig + &agr;CD40 (120 days, 120-125 days) and &agr;CD40 (124 days, 89-178 days) treated animals, and delayed ICOS-Ig treatment did not prevent allograft rejection in animals with complete CD40 receptor coverage. Although CD4+ TEM cells were decreased in peripheral blood (115 ± 24) and mLNs (49 ± 1.9%) during ICOS-Ig treatment compared with monotherapy (214 ± 27%, P = 0.01; 72 ± 9.9%, P = 0.01, respectively), acute and chronic rejection scores and kinetics of alloAb elaboration were similar between groups. Conclusions Delayed ICOS-Ig treatment with the reagent tested is probably ineffective in modulating pathogenic primate alloimmunity in this model.
Analysis of total calorie, calcium and protein intake and relationship with bone mineral density in postmenopausal women

Introduction: the adequate intake of nutrients involved in bone metabolism can prevent and even reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Objective: verify the intake of total calories, protein and calcium in women diagnosed with osteopenia and osteoporosis after menopause. Method: a study of 25 women diagnosed with osteopenia (n=17) or osteoporosis (n=8) in the postmenopausal period, who were members of the Pratica de Exercicios Fisicos na Osteoporose (Practice of Physical Exercise Against Osteoporosis) (PEFO) study group of the Universidade Tecnologica Federal do Parana (the Federal Technology University of Parana) (UTFPR). The study was divided into two data collection phases: assessment of body composition and bone mineral density by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and the recording of food consumption over the previous 72 hours by means of a structured interview. Results: there was a difference between the reference values and the average values found for caloric, protein and calcium intake. There were higher values for protein, while calcium intake was low. The osteoporosis group (mean 59.24+80.07, p<0.05) ingested significantly more protein than the osteopenia group (mean 15.14+16.53, p<0.05). The results showed a significant negative correlation between protein intake and hip BMD (r=-0.416, p<0.05). Conclusion: adequate intake of protein should be recognized as a protective factor for osteoporosis and considered by nutritionists, as well as being widely featured in public health campaigns.
Age-dependent predictor of visibility in complex scenes

A comprehensive computational model of the human visual system has been developed to predict just-noticeable differences between a pair of stimuli. The stimuli are provided as high-dynamic-range, multi-channel images, containing accurate spectral and photometric description of the scene. In this work we extend such a model to predict the effect of age on the sensitivity of the visual system. The extensions are based on the existing models of disability glare, aging of the crystalline lens and reduced pupil size with age (senile miosis). We confirm findings from other studies that those optical effects cannot fully explain the effect of aging, and we attribute the remaining drop of sensitivity to neural changes. The complete model, including an empirical neural component, can well explain the differences in contrast sensitivity between old and young observers.