Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Meta-Analytic Review of the Common-Sense Model of Illness Representations

A meta-analysis of empirical studies ( N = 45) adopting Leventhal, Meyer and Nerenz's (1980) Common Sense Model (CSM) of illness representations is presented. The average corrected intercorrelation matrix for the sample of studies showed that the CSM illness cognition dimensions of consequences, control/cure, identity and timeline followed a logical pattern supporting their construct and discriminant validity across illness types. A content analysis classified coping strategies into seven distinctive categories and health outcomes into six categories. Examining the average corrected correlation coefficients across the studies revealed that perceptions of a strong illness identity were significantly and positively related to the use of coping strategies of avoidance and emotion expression. In addition, perceived controllability of the illness was significantly associated with cognitive reappraisal, expressing emotions and problem-focused coping strategies. Perceptions of the illness as highly symptomatic, having a chronic timeline and serious consequences was significantly correlated with avoidance and expressing emotions coping strategies. Further, perceptions that the illness was curable/controllable was significantly and positively related to the adaptive outcomes of psychological well-being, social functioning and vitality and negatively related to psychological distress and disease state. Conversely, illness consequences, timeline and identity exhibited significant, negative relationships with psychological well being, role and social functioning and vitality. The analyses provide evidence for theoretically predictable relations between illness cognitions, coping and outcomes across studies.
Cell proliferation is reduced in the hippocampus in schizophrenia

Objective: The molecular and cellular basis of structural and functional abnormalities of the hippocampus found in schizophrenia is currently unclear. Postnatal neurogenesis contributes to hippocampal function in animal models and is correlated with hippocampal volume in primates. Reduced hippocampal cell proliferation has been previously reported in schizophrenia, which may contribute to hippocampal dysfunction. Method: We measured the cell proliferation marker, Ki67, in post-mortem hippocampal tissue from patients with schizophrenia (n = 10) and matched controls (n = 16). Ki67-labelled cells were counted within the dentate gyrus and hilus on sections taken from the anterior hippocampus. Results: We replicated the finding of a significant reduction in Ki67+ cells/mm2 in schizophrenia cases compared to controls (t24 = 2.1, p = 0.023). In our relatively small sample, we did not find a relationship between Ki67+ cells and age overall, or between Ki67 + cells and duration of illness or antipsychotic treatment in people with schizophrenia. Conclusion: Our results confirm that reduced hippocampal cell proliferation may be present in schizophrenia. Restoring hippocampal neurogenesis may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of hippocampal dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Are Adolescent Girls More Depressive than Adolescent Boys in Turkey

Depression is a serious mental health problem that affects people of all ages, including children and adolescents. Studies showed that female gender is one of the risk factors may influence the development of depression in adolescents. However, some of the studies from Turkey suggested that gender does not lead to any significant difference in the youth depression level. Therefore, the presented study investigated whether girls differ from boys in respect of depression. The association between genders and test scores for the adolescents in a population of primary and secondary school students was also evaluated. The study was consisting of 254 adolescents (122 boys and 132 girls) with a mean age of 13.86±1.43 (Mean±SD) ranging from 12-16 years. Psychological assessment was performed using Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI). Chi-square and Student’s t-test statistics were employed to analyze the data. The mean of the CDI scores of the girls were higher than boys’ CDI scores (t = -4.580, p = 0.001). Higher ratio appeared for the girls when they compared with boy group’s depression levels using a CDI cut-off point of 19 (p = 0.001, Odds Ratio = 2,603). The findings of the present study suggested that adolescent girls have high level of depression than adolescent boys aged between 12-16 years in Turkey. Although some studies reported that there is no any differences depression level between adolescent boys and girls in Turkey, result of the present study showed that adolescent girls have high level of depression than adolescent boys in Turkey. Keywords—Depression, Adolescent, Turkey, Female Gender, Male Gender.
Learning Non-deterministic Representations with Energy-based Ensembles

The goal of a generative model is to capture the distribution underlying the data, typically through latent variables. After training, these variables are often used as a new representation, more effective than the original features in a variety of learning tasks. However, the representations constructed by contemporary generative models are usually point-wise deterministic mappings from the original feature space. Thus, even with representations robust to class-specific transformations, statistically driven models trained on them would not be able to generalize when the labeled data is scarce. Inspired by the stochasticity of the synaptic connections in the brain, we introduce Energy-based Stochastic Ensembles. These ensembles can learn non-deterministic representations, i.e., mappings from the feature space to a family of distributions in the latent space. These mappings are encoded in a distribution over a (possibly infinite) collection of models. By conditionally sampling models from the ensemble, we obtain multiple representations for every input example and effectively augment the data. We propose an algorithm similar to contrastive divergence for training restricted Boltzmann stochastic ensembles. Finally, we demonstrate the concept of the stochastic representations on a synthetic dataset as well as test them in the one-shot learning scenario on MNIST.
The Luminosity Function of X-ray Point Sources in Centaurus A

We studied the population of X-ray point sources in the elliptical galaxy Centaurus A, using archival Chandra data. Within a radius of 10 arcmin from the centre we detected 272 sources. Of these approximately half are LMXBs with the rest being CXB sources. The spatial distribution of the LMXBs is found to be consistent with the distribution of K-band light. We constrain the luminosity function (LF) of the X-ray sources down to ${\sim} 2\times 10^{36}$ erg s$^{-1}$. The X-ray LF of the LMXBs flattens significantly below $L_X\sim 5\times 10^{37}$ erg s$^{-1}$ and follows the $dN/dL\propto L^{-1}$ law in agreement with results from the bulges of spiral galaxies.
RHEOMETRY FOR BLOOD COAGULATION STUDIES

This review considers some of the various rheometrical approaches that have been adopted to study blood coagulation, with special reference to the rheological assessment of clotting time and studies of the evolution of viscoelasticity during the course of fibrin polymerization and cross-linking. A common feature of many of these studies is that they attempt to detect a liquid-to-solid transition during coagulation and the significance of the Gel Point in blood coagulation studies is discussed. Coagulation studies based on various forms of shear viscosity measurements and complex shear modulus measurements are considered, the latter being based principally on instruments such as the various controlled stress and controlled strain rheometers. Also considered is the long established technique of thromboelastography, while several emerging techniques are described. The latter include damped oscillation rheometry, various forms of wave propagation measurements and other, less widely used techniques such as free oscillation rheometry, quartz crystal microbalance measurements and surface plasmon resonance.
Cholesterol is required in the exit pathway of Semliki Forest virus

The enveloped alphavirus Semliki Forest virus (SFV) infects cells via a membrane fusion reaction triggered by low pH. For fusion to occur cholesterol is required in the target membrane, as demonstrated both in in vitro fusion assays and in vivo for virus infection of a host cell. In this paper we examine the role of cholesterol in postfusion events in the SFV life cycle. Cholesterol-depleted insect cells were transfected with SFV RNA or infected at very high multiplicities to circumvent the fusion block caused by the absence of cholesterol. Under these conditions, the viral spike proteins were synthesized and transported to the site of p62 cleavage with normal kinetics. Surprisingly, the subsequent exit of virus particles was dramatically slowed compared to cholesterol-containing cells. The inhibition of virus production could be reversed by the addition of cholesterol to depleted cells. In contrast to results with SFV, no cholesterol requirement for virus exit was observed for the production of either the unrelated vesicular stomatitis virus or a cholesterol-independent SFV fusion mutant. Thus, cholesterol was only critical in the exit pathway of viruses that also require cholesterol for fusion. These results demonstrate a specific and unexpected lipid requirement in virus exit, and suggest that in addition to its role in fusion, cholesterol is involved in the assembly or budding of SFV.
PHISH PHODDER : IS USER EDUCATION HELPING OR HINDERING ?

Mostly, security professionals can spot a phish a mile off. If they do err, it’s usually on the side of caution, for instance when real organizations fail to observe best practice and generate phish-like marketing messages. Many sites are now addressing the problem with phishing quizzes, intended to teach the everyday user to distinguish phish from phowl (sorry). Academic papers on why people fall for phishing mails and sites are something of a growth industry. Yet phishing attacks continue to increase, and while accurate and up-to-date figures for financial loss are hard to come by, indications are that losses from phishing and other forms of identity theft continue to climb.
Visualizing field-measured seismic data

This paper presents visualization of field-measured, time-varying multidimensional earthquake accelerograph readings. Direct volume rendering is used to depict the space-time relationships of seismic readings collected from sensor stations in an intuitive way such that the progress of seismic wave propagation of an earthquake event can be directly observed. The resulting visualization reveals the sequence of seismic wave initiation, propagation, attenuation over time, and energy releasing events. We provide a case study on the magnitude scale Mw 7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan, which is the most thoroughly recorded earthquake event ever in the history. More than 400 stations recorded this event, and the readings from this event increased global strong-motion records five folds. Each station measured east-west, north-south, and vertical component of acceleration for approximately 90 seconds. The sensor network released the initial raw data within minutes after the Chi-Chi mainshock. It is essential to have a visualization system for fast data exploring and analyzing, offering crucial visual analytical information for scientists to make quick judgments. Raw data requires preprocessing before it can be rendered. We generated a sequence of ground-motion wave-field maps of 350 × 200 regular grid covers the entire Taiwan island from the sensor network readings. The result is a total of 1000 ground-motion wave-field maps with 0.1 second interval, forming a 1000 × 350 × 200 volume data set. We show that visualizing the time-varying component of the data spatially uncovers the changing features hidden in the data.
Radiofrequency Ablation for Early-Stage Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer

This review examines studies of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and discusses the role of RFA in treatment of early-stage NSCLC. RFA is usually performed under local anesthesia with computed tomography guidance. RFA-associated mortality, while being rare, can result from pulmonary events. RFA causes pneumothorax in up to 63% of cases, although pneumothorax requiring chest drainage occurs in less than 15% of procedures. Other severe complications are rare. After RFA of stage I NSCLC, 31–42% of patients show local progression. The 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates after RFA of stage I NSCLC were 78% to 100%, 53% to 86%, 36% to 88%, and 25% to 61%, respectively. The median survival time ranged from 29 to 67 months. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year cancer-specific survival rates after RFA of stage I NSCLC were 89% to 100%, 92% to 93%, and 59% to 88%, respectively. RFA has a higher local failure rate than sublobar resection and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Therefore, RFA may currently be reserved for early-stage NSCLC patients who are unfit for sublobar resection or SBRT. Various technologies are being developed to improve clinical outcomes of RFA for early-stage NSCLC.
Breaking It Down: Knowledge Transfer in a Multimedia Learning Environment.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of segmentation on immediate and delayed recall and transfer in a multimedia learning environment. The independent variables of segmentation and non-segmentation, as well as immediate and delayed transfer assessments, were manipulated to assess the effects of segmentation on the participant’s ability to recall and transfer information from the multimedia tutorial. Data was analyzed using a 2x2 factorial design. The results of this study found that segmentation of multimedia tutorials did not result in significant differences in recall or transfer. The results also revealed that the time period between when a tutorial was viewed and when the recall and transfer assessments were taken did significantly affect participants’ abilities to recall and transfer information.
Understanding the Effects of a Shock to Government Purchases

This paper investigates the consequences of an exogenous increase in U.S. government purchase. We find the in response to such a shock, employment, output, and nonresidential investment rise, while real wages, residential investment and consumption expenditures fall. The paper argues that a simple variant of neoclassical growth model which distinguishes between nonresidential and residential investment is consistent with this evidence.
Maximizing order or harm? Arrests among a social network of people who inject drugs in a large urban city

Abstract Encountering the criminal justice system at the first point of entry---an arrest---is associated with heightened HIV and Hepatitis risk behavior among people who inject drugs (PWIDS). Intervening structurally through the criminal justice system impacts public health; therefore, determining arrest patterns is an important tool for risk reduction. Among a sample of 740 PWIDs, and their social network members recruited from predominantly African-American neighborhoods in Baltimore City, a third were recently arrested in the previous six months, and of those, the arrests were disproportionately African-American persons and characterized as nonviolent, i.e., drug possession/attempt to purchase (38%) and loitering (29%). Poisson regression models were built adjusted for age, sex, race, education level, homelessness, and monthly income after exploring bivariable characteristics of arrests using chi-squared tests. Active drug use was associated with a recent arrest (adjusted prevalence ratio: aPR 2.38 95% CI 1.6, 3.6), in addition to participants who recently reported attending a syringe exchange program (aPR 1.45 95% CI 1.1, 2.0). Our findings are suggestive of recent media coverage and burgeoning research revealing the prioritization of policing resources toward both communities of color and neighborhoods of intensified drug trafficking. Further research is warranted to contextualize the operationalization of criminal justice resources and the impact on community health.
Sequential Autolytic Processing Activates the Zymogen of Arg-gingipain*

Most proteases are synthesized as inactive precursors to protect the synthetic machinery of the cell and allow timing of activation. The mechanisms used to render latency are varied but tend to be conserved within protease families. Proteases belonging to the caspase family have a unique mechanism mediated by transitions of two surface loops, and on the basis of conservation of mechanism one would expect this to be preserved by caspase relatives. We have been able to express the full-length precursor of the Arg-specific caspase relative from the bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis, Arg-gingipain-B, and we show that it contains N- and C-terminal extensions that render a low amount of latency, meaning that the zymogen is substantially active. Three sequential autolytic processing steps at the N and C terminus are required for full activity, and the N-propeptide may serve as an intramolecular chaperone rather than an inhibitory peptide. Each step in activation requires the previous step, and an affinity probe reveals that incremental activity enhancements are achieved in a stepwise manner.
Quality Assessment of 3D Video Based on Visual Salient Regions

Compare with traditional 2D video, 3D video can provide viewers with more realistic stereo experiences because of the depth information. In the paper, a new objective quality assessment algorithm for 3D videos is proposed. And experiments show that it is more accurate than peak signal-to-noise (PSNR) and structural similarity index measurement (SSIM). According to human visual system (HVS), we abstract contrast information, edge information, motion information and depth information from the test 3D video sequences and then build salient maps. The objective quality is calculated on the basis of SSIM/PSNR and salient maps. In order to test the accuracy of the algorithm, a subjective assessment experiment is designed according to related standards. Results have shown that the performance of proposed algorithm is better than original PSNR and SSIM measurements.
An Incremental Procedural Grammar for Sentence Formulation

This poper presents a theory of the syntactic aspects of humon sentence production. An important chorocteristic of unprepared speech is that overt pronunciotion of o sentence con be initioted before the speoker has completely worked out the meaning content he or she is going to express in that sentence. Apparently, the speaker is able to build up a syntacticolly coherent utterance out of a series of syntactic fragments each rendering a new part of the meaning content. This incremental, left-to-right mode of sentence production is the central capability of the proposed Incremental Procedural Grammor (IPG). Certoin other properties of spontaneous speech, OS derivable from speech errors, hesitations, self-repairs, and language pothology. ore accounted for as well. The psychological plausibility thus goined by the grammar appears compotible with a satisfactory level of linguistic plausibility in that sentences receive structural descriptions which are in line with current theories of grammar. Mare importantly. an explanation for the existence of configurational conditions on transformations ond other linguistics rules is proposed. The basic design feature of IPG which gives rise to these psychologically and linguistically desiroble properties, is the “Procedures + Stack” concept. Sentences ore built not by a central constructing agency which overlooks the whole process but by a teom of syntactic procedures (modules) which work-in parallel-on small parts of the sentence, have only a limited overview, and whose sole communication channel is a stock. IPG covers obiect complement constructions, interrogatives, and word order in main ond subordinote clauses. It handles
HLA class II associations with rheumatic heart disease are more evident and consistent among clinically homogeneous patients.

BACKGROUND Discrepancies in reported HLA class II associations with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) may have been due to inaccuracies of serological typing reagents and/or lack of defined clinical classification of patients analyzed. The molecular association between HLA and RHD was investigated in patients with defined clinical outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS Class II allele/haplotype distribution was determined in 2 groups of RHD patients (n=88) and a control group (n=59). Patients were divided into the mitral valve disease (MVD) category (ie, those with mitral regurgitation with or without mitral stenosis) and the multivalvular lesions (MVL) category, with impairment of aortic and/or tricuspid valves in addition to mitral valve damage. The MVD category (n=65) accounted for 74% of patients and included significantly fewer recurrent RF episodes compared with MVL patients (P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS Significant increases in DRB1*0701 and DQA1*0201 alleles and DRB1*0701-DQA1*0201 haplotypes were found in patients. Removal of the MVL patients from analysis increased the strength of HLA associations among the MVD sample. The frequency of DQA1*0103 allele was decreased and the DQB1*0603 allele was absent from the patient group, suggesting that these alleles may confer protective effects against RHD. DQ alleles in linkage disequilibrium with DR alleles appear to influence risk/protection effect: whereas the DRB1*13-DQA1*0501-3-DQB1*0301 haplotype showed a trend toward risk, the DRB1*13-DQA1*0103-DQB1*0603 haplotype was absent in the RHD sample. Our data indicate that certain class II alleles/haplotypes are associated with risk or protection from RHD and that these associations appear to be stronger and more consistent when analyzed in patients with relatively more homogeneous clinical manifestations.
End-to-End Congestion Control for System Area Networks

System Area Networks (SANs) using link- level flow control experience congestion spreading, where one bottleneck link causes traffic to block throughout the network. In this paper, an end-to-end congestion control scheme is proposed that avoids congestion spreading, delivers high throughput, and prevents flow starvation. It couples a simple switch-based ECN packet marking mechanism appropria te for typical SAN switches with small input buffers, together with hybrid window and rate control at end -devices. The classic fairness convergence requirement for source response functions assumes network feedback is synchronous. We relax the classic requirement by exploiting the asynchronous behavior of packet marking. Our experimental results demonstrate that compared to conventional approaches, our proposed marking mechanism improves fairness. Moreover, rate increase functions possible under the relaxed requirement reclaim available bandwidth aggressively and improve throughput in both static and dynamic traffic scenarios.
Scalable model-checking for precise end-to-end latency computation

Correct functionality of automotive embedded control systems often requires that the end-to-end latencies of data items traversing through specified task/message chains from sensors to actuators are within specified bounds. Hence, accurate estimation of the worst-case end-to-end latency has significant impact on the design of system architectures. Model-checking based techniques can provide accurate estimates of worst-case end-to-end latency, as they are based on exhaustive state-space exploration. However, state-space explosion may limit their applicability to small and medium sized systems. In this paper, we present an abstract system model that can be used for model-checking based latency computation, leading to a major increase in scalability. This is achieved by on-the-fly generation of abstract models for task activations, based on a proposed variant of the Joseph-Pandya equation.