Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beyond aspirations: addressing the unique barriers faced by rural Australian students contemplating university

Abstract Central to the widening participation agenda in Australia is a focus on rural and regional students given their continued underrepresentation in higher education. The ACT University Experience camp is a joint venture by the Country Education Foundation Australia, the University of Canberra and the Australian National University providing academically able rural students a first-hand experience of university and city life. Utilising both quantitative and qualitative methods, the current research explored the unique factors affecting rural students’ transition to higher education. Along with increasingly positive views about university, students reported greater understanding of their post-school options and greater confidence in making this choice. Students’ descriptions of their imagined futures highlighted the strong connection between these young people and their families and communities, emphasising the need for a continued focus on the unique aspects of rural young people in securing their educational and occupational futures.
The action of normal and atypical cholinesterase of human serum upon a series of esters of choline.

The results of a comparison of the actions of individual human sera support evidence previously obtained for the existence of two different types of pseudocholinesterase in man. Maximum rates of hydrolysis of choline esters by human sera containing the normal type of cholinesterase were two to four times greater than the maximum rates obtained with sera containing atypical esterase. Human sera with the normal type of cholinesterase hydrolyzed butyrylcholine at a considerably faster rate than pentanoylcholine; atypical esterase hydrolyzed pentanoylcholine at approximately the same rate as butyrylcholine. All Michaelis constants for the normal enzyme were lower than those for the atypical enzyme by a factor which varied from 1.4 to 6.4. The data were compatible with the assumption of a linear relationship between the log of the Michaelis constants and the number of acyl carbons in the choline esters, but the slopes differed significantly for the two enzymes. For a homologous series of choline esters, there .
Posthypoxic Hypothermia in Newborn Piglets

The purpose of this study was to determine whether mild hypothermia after a moderate hypoxic-ischemic insult reduces the extent of brain damage. Hypoxia was achieved in newborn piglets (n = 24; age, 14-72 h) by abrupt reduction of the inspired oxygen concentration (Fio2) to the maximum concentration (≅6%) giving low amplitude (<7.0 μV) EEG. Fio2 was temporarily increased if heart rate, blood pressure, or end expiratory partial pressure of alveolar CO2 (PAco2) were markedly reduced. This intermittently resulted in EEG amplitude greater than 7 μV, the EEG traces were therefore later examined to determine the duration of low amplitude EEG. After 45 min of hypoxia, the animals were randomized to normothermia (39 °C) or hypothermia (35 °C) for 3 h. Hypothermia was achieved by applying packs containing ice water. Neurologic assessments and EEG recordings were performed regularly until 3 d when the brains were perfusion fixed. Histologic damage in cortex/white matter, cerebellum, hippocampus, basal ganglia, and thalamus was graded by a pathologist blind to treatment allocation. We found that the severity of brain damage (by histopathologic and neurologic evaluation) was not significantly different when the piglets were normothermic after hypoxia compared with the group made hypothermic. Increased duration of low amplitude EEG and seizure activity were associated with increased damage. When controlling for duration of hypoxia and excluding seizures, piglets undergoing hypothermia had ≅50% less severe histopathologic damage in cortex/white matter, cerebellum, and hippocampus than those kept normothermic. Thalamus and basal ganglia had no or minor damage. It was concluded that there was no general beneficial effect of postinsult hypothermia. However, when controlling for the duration of the insult and occurrence of seizures, hypothermia reduced the severity of brain damage. This indicates a significant neuroprotective effect of 3 h of mild hypothermia on moderate, but not severe, hypoxic-ischemic insults.
Random dopant variation in junctionless nanowire transistors

In this article we study the influence of random dopant variation in junctionless nanowire transistor using numerical modelling. Simulations have been carried out by three-dimensional quantum simulator based on Non-equilibrium Green's function formalism. The simulations reveal that junctionless nanowire transistor suffers less variation in subthreshold region due to random dopant distribution compare to the conventional inversion mode counterpart. This improved behaviour arises from uniform distribution of ionized dopant in the channel under the gate and in the source/drain regions.
Neural correlates of behavior and stimulus sensitivity of individual neurons and population responses in the primary visual cortex

Perceptual decisions are likely to be based on signals that are provided by populations of neurons in early sensory cortical areas. How these neural responses are combined across neurons and over time to mediate behavior is unknown. To study the link between neural responses and perceptual decisions, we recorded the activity of single units (SU) and multiple units (MU) in the primary visual cortex (V1) of monkeys while they performed a reaction-time visual detection task. We then determined how well the target could be detected from these neural signals. We found that, on average, the detection sensitivities supported by SU and MU in V1 are comparable with the detection sensitivity of the monkey even when considering neural responses during brief temporal intervals (median duration 137 ms) that ended shortly before the monkey’s reaction time. However, we observed systematic differences between the overall shape of the neurometric functions and the monkey’s psychometric functions. Our results suggest that the activity of a large population of V1 neurons is combined sub-optimally by subsequent processing stages to mediate behavioral performance in visual detection tasks.
Affective Events theory: A strategic perspective”. In Zerbe, W.J., Hartel, C.E.J. and Ashkanasy, N. M. (Ed.) Research on Emotion on Organizations. Volume 4: Emotions, Ethics, and Decision-Making (pp.1-34) Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing/JAI Press. AFFECTIVE EVENTS THEORY: A STRATEGIC PERSPECTI

Although there has been increasing interest in the role of affect in work settings, the impact of moods and emotions in strategic decision making remains largely unexplored. In this essay, we address this shortcoming by proposing a conceptual model of strategic decision making that incorporates, at its core, the impact of affective states on cognitive processes that are integral to the decision outcome. The model is based on the principles of Affective Events Theory, which holds that environmental exigencies generate ‘affective events’ that cause emotional reactions in organizational members which, in turn, determine members’ attitudes and behaviors. We extend this model to include the effect of the extra-organizational environment, and propose that emotions ‘infuse’ those cognitive processes that are critical to the strategic decision process. We conclude that strategic decision making in organizations is not always a controlled, deliberate, purely cognitive process, as it is often described. Rather, we contend that the moods and emotions that managers experience in response to positive and negative workplace events have a significant affect on strategic decision making processes and ultimately, organizational-level outcomes. We discuss the implications of our model for theory, research, and practice.
EDA Gene Mutations Underlie Non-syndromic Oligodontia

Recent studies have detected mutations in the EDA gene, previously identified as causing X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED), in two families with X-linked non-syndromic hypodontia. Notably, all affected males in both families exhibited isolated oligodontia, while almost all female carriers showed a milder or normal phenotype. We hypothesized that the EDA gene could be responsible for sporadic non-syndromic oligodontia in affected males. In this study, we examined 15 unrelated males with non-syndromic oligodontia. Three novel EDA mutations (p.Ala259Glu, p. Arg289Cys, and p.Arg334His) were identified in four individuals (27%). A genetic defect in the EDA gene could result in non-syndromic oligodontia in affected males.
Unpacking the Causes of Inequalities in Child Survival : The Case of Cebu , The Philippines by Adam Wagstaff

The aim of this paper is to “unpack” the socioeconomic causes of inequalities in child survival between poor and better-off children. A two-part model is estimated, comprising a probit to model the child’s prospects of surviving the first year of life, and the second a Weibull to model his survival prospects beyond then. By linking the parameter estimates of the two models with information on the distribution of the various socioeconomic determinants across income groups, it is possible to build up a picture of how far inequalities in each set of determinants contributes to inequalities in survival. The data used are from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey. The results point to income inequalities being the largest contributory factor to inequalities in both infant and under-five mortality. Inequalities in mother’s education are also important, as are inequalities in sanitation in the case of infant mortality and inequalities in insurance coverage in the case of survival beyond the first birthday. Inequalities in accessibility and quality of health services, by contrast, appear to contribute very little. In the case of quality, this is not because it does not influence survival, but rather because it does not appear to be especially unequally distributed between poor and better-off households. By contrast, although health services are indeed less accessible for the poor, the impact of proximity on survival varies, from having a strong beneficial effect in the case of a public hospital to an apparently adverse effect in the case of some facilities.
Studies in muscular activity

EXPERIENCE teaches that individuals are not equal in physical ability. From prehistoric times contests in war and in sport have given convincing evidence of this fact. The question as to how one individual can surpass another in capacity and in skill is at least partially susceptible of analysis in the laboratory. This has been demonstrated by Hill and his associates (1), and by many others. There remain, however, many unanswered questions raised by the rearguard runner. Does he fall behind because of inadequate physical endowment or because of insufficient training? His coach may ascribe his failure to his musculature, to his heart, to his "wind" or to his "guts. " Since the empirical observations of the runner and his coach certainly have an objective foundation, it has been our aim to seek a basis for these ideas in physiological and physico-chemical facts.
Genetic and phenotypic (co)variances for production traits of intact male populations of purebred and composite beef cattle.

Least squares means, genetic (sigma g) and phenotypic (sigma p) standard deviations, and phenotypic coefficients of variation (CV) were estimated for growth traits of intact males from 12 breed groups combined, for nine purebreds combined, and for the F1, F2, F3, and F4 generations of three composite populations to which the nine purebreds contributed. Heritabilities (h2) and genetic (rg) and phenotypic (rp) correlations were estimated for growth traits, calving difficulty of calves with dams of different ages, and gestation length. Coefficients of variation and sigma g generally were similar for composites and contributing purebreds. Generally, estimates of h2 were similar for all breed groups combined, contributing purebreds combined, and composites combined. Estimates of h2 for calving difficulty were higher for calves with 2-yr-old dams than for calves with dams > or = 3 yr old and were sufficiently high (.27 and .31) to be a useful selection criterion for reducing calving difficulty. Mean h2 pooled within all breed groups ranged from . 35 for 200-d weight and 368-d weight to . 48 for 368-d height. Estimates of h2 for subjective scores of anatomical traits were only slightly lower than those for growth and size traits. The h2 of scrotal circumference (.43) was similar to those for growth and size traits. Genetic correlations between birth weight and calving difficulty were similar for 1) calves with dams of all ages, 2) calves with 2-yr-old dams, and 3) calves with dams > or = 3 yr old. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Rupture and Repair of Cooperation in Borderline Personality Disorder

To sustain or repair cooperation during a social exchange, adaptive creatures must understand social gestures and the consequences when shared expectations about fair exchange are violated by accident or intent. We recruited 55 individuals afflicted with borderline personality disorder (BPD) to play a multiround economic exchange game with healthy partners. Behaviorally, individuals with BPD showed a profound incapacity to maintain cooperation, and were impaired in their ability to repair broken cooperation on the basis of a quantitative measure of coaxing. Neurally, activity in the anterior insula, a region known to respond to norm violations across affective, interoceptive, economic, and social dimensions, strongly differentiated healthy participants from individuals with BPD. Healthy subjects showed a strong linear relation between anterior insula response and both magnitude of monetary offer received from their partner (input) and the amount of money repaid to their partner (output). In stark contrast, activity in the anterior insula of BPD participants was related only to the magnitude of repayment sent back to their partner (output), not to the magnitude of offers received (input). These neural and behavioral data suggest that norms used in perception of social gestures are pathologically perturbed or missing altogether among individuals with BPD. This game-theoretic approach to psychopathology may open doors to new ways of characterizing and studying a range of mental illnesses.
Identifying Mazama gouazoubira (Artiodactyla; Cervidae) chromosomes involved in rearrangements induced by doxorubicin

Abstract The process of karyotype evolution in Cervidae from a common ancestor (2n = 70, FN = 70) has been marked by complex chromosomal rearrangements. This ancestral karyotype has been retained by the current species Mazama gouazoubira (Fischer 1814), for which a chromosomal polymorphism (Robertsonian translocations and the presence of B chromosomes) has been described, presumably caused by a chromosome fragility. Thus, this study has identified doxorubicin-induced chromosome aberrations and mapped the regions involved in breaks, which may be related to the chromosome evolution process. G-banding pattern showed that 21 pairs of chromosomes presented chromosomal aberrations, 60% of the total chromosome number of the species M. gouazoubira. Among chromosomes that carry aberrations, the region where they were most frequently concentrated was distal relative to the centromere. These data suggest that certain chromosomal regions may be more susceptible to chromosome fragility and consequently could be involved in karyotype differentiation in species of the family Cervidae.
Reference priors for exponential families with increasing dimension

In this article, we establish the asymptotic normality of the posterior distribution for the natural parameter in an exponential family based on independent and identically distributed data. The mode of convergence is expected Kullback-Leibler distance and the number of parameters p is increasing with the sample size n. Using this, we give an asymptotic expansion of the Shannon mutual information valid when p = pn increases at a sufficiently slow rate. The second term in the asymptotic expansion is the largest term that depends on the prior and can be optimized to give Jeffreys’ prior as the reference prior in the absence of nuisance parameters. In the presence of nuisance parameters, we find an analogous result for each fixed value of the nuisance parameter. In three examples, we determine the rates at which pn can be allowed to increase while still retaining asymptotic normality and the reference prior property. AMS 2000 subject classifications: Primary 62F15; secondary 62C10.
On adaptive transmission, signal detection and channel estimation for multiple antenna systems

On Adaptive Transmission, Signal Detection and Channel Estimation for Multiple Antenna Systems. (August 2004) Yongzhe Xie, B. S. , Shanghai Jiaotong University; M. Eng, The National University of Singapore Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Costas N. Georghiades This research concerns analysis of system capacity, development of adaptive transmission schemes with known channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) and design of new signal detection and channel estimation schemes with low complexity in some multiple antenna systems. We first analyze the sum-rate capacity of the downlink of a cellular system with multiple transmit antennas and multiple receive antennas assuming perfect CSIT. We evaluate the ergodic sum-rate capacity and show how the sum-rate capacity increases as the number of users and the number of receive antennas increases. We develop upper and lower bounds on the sum-rate capacity and study various adaptive MIMO schemes to achieve, or approach, the sum-rate capacity. Next, we study the minimum outage probability transmission schemes in a multiple-input-single-output (MISO) flat fading channel assuming partial CSIT. Considering two special cases: the mean feedback and the covariance feedback, we derive the optimum spatial transmission directions and show that the associated optimum power allocation scheme, which minimizes the outage probability, is closely related to the target rate and the accuracy of the CSIT. Since CSIT is obtained at the cost of feedback bandwidth, we also consider optimal allocation of bandwidth between the data channel and the feedback channel in order to maximize the average throughput of the data channel in MISO, flat fading, frequency division duplex (FDD) systems.
The Nested Dirichlet Process

In multicenter studies, subjects in different centers may have different outcome distributions. This article is motivated by the problem of nonparametric modeling of these distributions, borrowing information across centers while also allowing centers to be clustered. Starting with a stick-breaking representation of the Dirichlet process (DP), we replace the random atoms with random probability measures drawn from a DP. This results in a nested DP prior, which can be placed on the collection of distributions for the different centers, with centers drawn from the same DP component automatically clustered together. Theoretical properties are discussed, and an efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is developed for computation. The methods are illustrated using a simulation study and an application to quality of care in U.S. hospitals.
Method for generation of homogeneous multicellular tumor spheroids applicable to a wide variety of cell types.

Multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) are used as organotypic models of normal and solid tumor tissue. Traditional techniques for generating MCTS, such as growth on nonadherent surfaces, in suspension, or on scaffolds, have a number of drawbacks, including the need for manual selection to achieve a homogeneous population and the use of nonphysiological matrix compounds. In this study we describe a mild method for the generation of MCTS, in which individual spheroids form in hanging drops suspended from a microtiter plate. The method has been successfully applied to a broad range of cell lines and shows nearly 100% efficiency (i.e., one spheroid per drop). Using the hepatoma cell line, HepG2, the hanging drop method generated well-rounded MCTS with a narrow size distribution (coefficient of variation [CV] 10% to 15%, compared with 40% to 60% for growth on nonadherent surfaces). Structural analysis of HepG2 and a mammary gland adenocarcinoma cell line, MCF-7, composed spheroids, revealed highly organized, three-dimensional, tissue-like structures with an extensive extracellular matrix. The hanging drop method represents an attractive alternative for MCTS production, because it is mild, can be applied to a wide variety of cell lines, and can produce spheroids of a homogeneous size without the need for sieving or manual selection. The method has applications for basic studies of physiology and metabolism, tumor biology, toxicology, cellular organization, and the development of bioartificial tissue.
Explain the Role of Psychological Capital in Knowledge Sharing of an Organization

The aim of present study was to investigate knowledge sharing approach as essential factor in the advancement of organization᾽s purposes and also the effect of psychological capital dimensions in improving and accelerating of this process and want to measure these effects in transferring knowledge among individuals. The population of this study was Isfahan gas company᾽s staffs. 180 persons were selected via random sampling. To collect data Luthans et.al᾽s psychological capital᾽s questionnaire (2007) and knowledge sharing researcher-made questionnaire was used. Reliability and validity were verified by Amous software and collected data was analyzed by SPSS software. Results which were analyzed using stepwise regression reveal that there was a positive, direct and meaningfull(p<0/05) relationship between psychological capital dimensions and the process of knowledge sharing among gas company᾽s staffs.
Have the implementation of a new specialised emergency medical service influenced the pattern of general practitioners involvement in pre-hospital medical emergencies? A study of geographic variations in alerting, dispatch, and response

Objectives: Emergency medical service systems in Norway are based on equity and equality. A toll free number (113) and criteria based dispatch are crucial components. The establishment of an emergency medical system (EMS) manned by an air and ground emergency physician (EP) has challenged the role of the general practitioner (GP) in emergency medical care. We investigated whether there were any geographical differences in the use of 113, alerts to GPs by the emergency medical dispatch centres (EMDCs), and of the presence of GPs on scene in medical emergencies leading to a turnout of the EP manned EMS. Methods: This was a prospective, observational cohort study of 385 000 inhabitants covered by the two EMDCs of Rogaland county, Norway, including 1035 on scene missions of the EP manned EMS during the period 1998–99. Results: The proportion of emergency calls routed through 113 was significantly lower, the proportion of alerts to GPs significantly higher, and the proportions of GPs on scene significantly higher in rural than urban areas. Conclusion: We found geographical differences in the involvement of GPs in pre-hospital emergency medical situations, probably caused by a specialised emergency medical service system including an EMDC and an air and ground EP manned EMS. There were geographical differences in public use of the toll free 113, and alerts to GPs by the EMDCs, which is likely to result from geographical conditions and proximity to medical resources. Future organisation of the EMS has to reflect this to prevent unplanned and unwanted autonomously emerging EMS systems.