Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Supply Side of Innovation: H-1b Visa Reforms and Us Ethnic Invention

This study evaluates the impact of high-skilled immigrants on US technology formation. We use reduced-form specifications that exploit large changes in the H-1B visa program. Higher H-1B admissions increase immigrant science and engineering (SE) employment and patenting by inventors with Indian and Chinese names in cities and firms dependent upon the program relative to their peers. Most specifications find limited effects for native SE employment or patenting. We are able to rule out displacement effects, and small crowding-in effects may exist. Total SE employment and invention increases with higher admissions primarily through direct contributions of immigrants.
Pulmonary vein imaging with unenhanced three-dimensional balanced steady-state free precession MR angiography: initial clinical evaluation.

PURPOSE To determine whether unenhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiography performed with a three-dimensional (3D) segmented steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequence would be an alternative to contrast material-enhanced MR angiography for evaluating pulmonary veins (PVs) prior to and following radiofrequency (RF) ablation for atrial fibrillation. MATERIALS AND METHODS MR angiographic examinations of PVs, performed in 20 patients (nine men, 11 women; mean age, 56.4 years +/- 12.7 [standard deviation]), were retrospectively reviewed according to an institutional review board-approved protocol. The number of PVs and their orthogonal measurements obtained from the 3D SSFP images were compared with those obtained from contrast-enhanced MR angiography. Signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios were also compared. Qualitative assessment of both techniques was performed by independent reviewers who scored the image quality (on a scale of 1 to 5) on the basis of PV conspicuity. The presence of cardiac and extracardiac pathologic indicators was also determined. Bland-Altman and Wilcoxon signed rank statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS The mean difference in PV diameter measurements between contrast-enhanced MR angiography and 3D SSFP was -0.02 cm +/- 0.25. Signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios were higher for 3D SSFP images than for contrast-enhanced MR angiograms. Qualitatively, there was no significant difference in PV conspicuity between the techniques. Noncardiac pathologic indicators were detected in 10 of 20 patients on 3D SSFP images but not on contrast-enhanced MR angiograms. CONCLUSION Unenhanced PV MR angiography performed by using a free-breathing 3D SSFP technique is as accurate as contrast-enhanced MR angiography for measuring PV diameter. This technique can be used for patients in whom contrast-enhanced computed tomographic or MR angiography is contraindicated and may be sufficient in all patients.
School Mission Statements and School Performance: A Mixed Research Investigation.

Background: Schools in K-12 have generated mission statements as ways of focusing their efforts and energies in specific areas. These mission statements vary by institutional setting as a function of the stakeholders and constituent groups who facilitate their development. To date, no studies were located in which the mission statements of elementary schools were examined. Aims: To determine the themes that were present in the mission statements of 100 elementary schools in the State of Texas. Following the identification of themes, a second aim was to ascertain the extent to which the mission statements of high performing elementary schools differed from the mission statements of low performing elementary schools. Sample: The mission statements of 100 elementary schools in the State of Texas were downloaded from their websites. Of these 100 schools, 50 schools were designated as high performing and 50 schools were designed as low performing. Though not the only criteria, high and low performing schools primarily differed in their students’ academic achievement scores. Method: A mixed research analysis was conducted in which themes were generated from these 100 schools’ mission statements (qualitative) and then converted into numbers (quantitative) for statistical analysis. As such, this method is properly termed a sequential qualitative-quantitative equal status mixed research study. Results: Qualitative data analysis yielded 15 themes: Academic Success, Caring Environment, Challenge, Citizenship, Collaborative, Commitment, Empower, Life-Long Learning, Opportunity, Partnership, Physical Development, Productive, Responsible, Safe Environment, and Social Development. Following transformation of qualitative themes into quantitative data, statistical analyses yielded statistically significant differences between high and low performing elementary schools. The mission statements of high performing schools were more likely to include the themes of Academic Success, Challenge, Citizenship, Empower, Partnership, and Social Development than were the mission statements of low performing schools. Conclusion: The most important difference, however, was that the mission statements of high performing schools had missions that focused on providing a challenging environment that focused on academic success. Indeed, academic success was included in the mission statements of only 18% of the low performing schools and only 4% included having a challenging environment. Readers are presented with an example of a multi-stage mixed analysis investigation. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Single serum cortisol values at 09:00 h can be indices of adrenocortical function in children with Kawasaki disease treated with intravenous immunoglobulin plus prednisolone

Combination treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) plus prednisolone is effective for prevention of cardiovascular complications in children with Kawasaki disease (KD). However, administration of prednisolone for approximately 20 d in this regimen causes adrenocortical suppression in a high proportion of treated children. To establish a simple method to screen for this suppression, we performed a prospective study on 72 children with KD treated with this regimen in our institution from February 2012 to March 2014. By performing ROC analysis of 21 initial patients treated between February and June 2012, a serum cortisol value at 09:00 h of 5 mcg/dL was established as a threshold for intact adrenocortical function, which is equivalent to a peak serum cortisol value of higher than 15 mcg/dL in the CRH stimulation test. Then, we applied this screening test to 51 subsequent patients treated between July 2012 and March 2014. Approximately 90% of the patients with morning serum cortisol values above 5 mcg/dL 2 to 6 mo after the cessation of initial prednisolone treatment had peak serum cortisol values exceeding 15 mcg/dL, suggesting the efficacy of this approach.
The Social Construction of Identity: The Aboriginal Problem

Aboriginal people assert that a crucial contemporary problem for them is the need, after centuries wherein their culture has been destroyed, to build an Aboriginal identity. This study set out to examine some aspects of the construction of identity from a sociology of knowledge approach. It attempted to map the ‘worlds’ within which Aboriginal people locate themselves and to examine the theorizing through which these worlds were objectivated. Three sites were selected for study: one city, one country, and one tradition-oriented. Interview data revealed that reality definers in each group projected fundamentally different models of Aboriginal society. Within these worlds, the school was a sub-structure providing a locus for theorizing with which students interact to form their identity. Reality-definers within the school situation were found to project positive theorizing about Aboriginal identity which was formulated differently from one site to another; this theorizing legitimated the model of worlds proposed by Aboriginal people. In the case of students, incipient theorizing on the part of non-Aborigines typified Aborigines negatively. Aborigines, however, while also typifying Aborigines in general negatively, interacted with the theorizing, not of other students, but of reality-definers and typified themselves positively. The rudimentary theorizing of both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal students about the world of schooling was positive.
The interpretation and utility of three cohesion metrics for object-oriented design

The concept of cohesion in a class has been the subject of various recent empirical studies and has been measured using many different metrics. In the structured programming paradigm, the software engineering community has adopted an informal yet meaningful and understandable definition of cohesion based on the work of Yourdon and Constantine. The object-oriented (OO) paradigm has formalised various cohesion measures, but the argument over the most meaningful of those metrics continues to be debated. Yet achieving highly cohesive software is fundamental to its comprehension and thus its maintainability. In this article we subject two object-oriented cohesion metrics, CAMC and NHD, to a rigorous mathematical analysis in order to better understand and interpret them. This analysis enables us to offer substantial arguments for preferring the NHD metric to CAMC as a measure of cohesion. Furthermore, we provide a complete understanding of the behaviour of these metrics, enabling us to attach a meaning to the values calculated by the CAMC and NHD metrics. In addition, we introduce a variant of the NHD metric and demonstrate that it has several advantages over CAMC and NHD. While it may be true that a generally accepted formal and informal definition of cohesion continues to elude the OO software engineering community, there seems considerable value in being able to compare, contrast, and interpret metrics which attempt to measure the same features of software.
Staurolite: Sectoral Compositional Variations

Electron-microprobe analyses across six successive sections of a single staurolite crystal show that the staurolite has three crystallographically controlled sectors, each with a distinctive content of Al, Si, Ti, Fe, Mg, and Mn. The sector distribution of elements raises the question of whether the staurolite acts as one or several phases during growth. Total analyses of the separate sectors suggest that: (i) the staurolite has tetrahedral Al substitution for Si, and (ii) the hydroxyl content varies beween sectors.
Analysis of spontaneous repositioning of pathologically migrated teeth: a clinical and radiographic study.

OBJECTIVE Pathologic migration is defined as a change in tooth position, resulting from a disruption of forces that maintain the teeth in the normal position with reference to the skull. Clinical evidence is limited that pathologically migrated teeth may reposition themselves after periodontal therapy. The current study was carried out to determine the frequency of spontaneous repositioning of pathologically migrated teeth after periodontal therapy, and to study the relation between the severity of migration and the degree of repositioning following treatment. METHOD AND MATERIALS Twenty-five patients aged 20 to 45 years with moderate to severe form of periodontitis presenting 52 diastema sites secondary to pathologic migration involving maxillary anterior teeth participated in the study. After conventional periodontal treatment had been performed, reactive repositioning was assessed by measuring the space between pathologically migrated teeth and adjacent teeth on study models and radiographs obtained at baseline, reevaluation at 4 weeks after scaling and root planing (SRP), 3 months after periodontal surgery, and 6 months from baseline. RESULTS No changes were noted after SRP. On study models, 88.46% of all sites (46 of 52 sites) demonstrated various degrees of repositioning (both partial closure and complete closure) after periodontal therapy 6 months after baseline. Of these 46 sites, all exhibited improvement after surgical therapy. Labiopalatal repositioning was seen in 32 out of 51 teeth (62.74%). On radiographs, 77.27% of all sites (34 of 44 sites) demonstrated various degrees of repositioning (both partial closure and complete closure) after periodontal therapy 6 months after baseline. Of these 34 sites, all exhibited improvement after surgical therapy. Complete repositioning occurred in 34.61% and partial closure was seen in 53.80%. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that spontaneous repositioning after periodontal therapy is likely, particularly when light to moderate degrees of pathologic migration are considered.
Amphibian Commerce as a Likely Source of Pathogen Pollution

Abstract: The commercial trade of wildlife occurs on a global scale. In addition to removing animals from their native populations, this trade may lead to the release and subsequent introduction of nonindigenous species and the pathogens they carry. Emerging infectious diseases, such as chytridiomycosis caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), and ranaviral disease have spread with global trade in amphibians and are linked to amphibian declines and die‐offs worldwide, which suggests that the commercial trade in amphibians may be a source of pathogen pollution. We screened tiger salamanders involved in the bait trade in the western United States for both ranaviruses and Bd with polymerase chain reaction and used oral reports from bait shops and ranavirus DNA sequences from infected bait salamanders to determine how these animals and their pathogens are moved geographically by commerce. In addition, we conducted 2 surveys of anglers to determine how often tiger salamanders are used as bait and how often they are released into fishing waters by anglers, and organized bait‐shop surveys to determine whether tiger salamanders are released back into the wild after being housed in bait shops. Ranaviruses were detected in the tiger salamander bait trade in Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico, and Bd was detected in Arizona bait shops. Ranaviruses were spread geographically through the bait trade. All tiger salamanders in the bait trade were collected from the wild, and in general they moved east to west and north to south, bringing with them their multiple ranavirus strains. Finally, 26–73% of anglers used tiger salamanders as fishing bait, 26–67% of anglers released tiger salamanders bought as bait into fishing waters, and 4% of bait shops released tiger salamanders back into the wild after they were housed in shops with infected animals. The tiger salamander bait trade in the western United States is a useful model for understanding the consequences of the unregulated anthropogenic movement of amphibians and their pathogens through trade.
PREPARATION OF MESO POROUS SILICA FROM BENTONITE BY ULTRAFINE GRINDING AND SELECTIVE LEACHING

Preparation of meso porous silica from bentonite had been conducted by ultrafine grinding and leaching. The bentonite was taken from Nanggung, Bogor, West Java; it contains montmorillonite with porous struc- ture. The ultrafine grinding was carried out using planetary ball mill (PBM) in wet condition (wet milling) in methanol. Optimum milling time was reached in 30 hours and it produced 77.4 nm of particle size. The process was continued with selective leaching in sulphuric acid solution to increase the amount of SiO 2 from 54.13% to 86.21%, which decreased Al 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3 content gradually from 23.09% and 7.33% to 4.96% and 0.89% respectively. The leaching process produced porous silica material with pore size 6.5 nm (meso porous); 278 m 2 /g of surface area and 0.75 mL/g of pore volume.
Supervised Models for Coreference Resolution

Traditional learning-based coreference re-solvers operate by training a mention-pair classiﬁer for determining whether two mentions are coreferent or not. Two independent lines of recent research have attempted to improve these mention-pair classiﬁers, one by learning a mention-ranking model to rank preceding mentions for a given anaphor, and the other by training an entity-mention classiﬁer to determine whether a preceding cluster is coreferent with a given mention. We propose a cluster-ranking approach to coreference resolution that combines the strengths of mention rankers and entity-mention models. We additionally show how our cluster-ranking framework naturally allows anaphoricity determination to be learned jointly with coreference resolution. Experimental results on the ACE data sets demonstrate its superior performance to competing approaches.
Impact of prenatal exposure to psychotropic drugs on neonatal outcome in infants of mothers with serious psychiatric illnesses.

OBJECTIVE To assess whether prenatal exposure to 4 major classes of psychotropic drugs compared with no exposure differed with respect to neonatal outcome. METHOD We used the database collected from 13 mother-baby units (MBUs) by the French Network of MBUs. The Marcé Clinical Checklist was used to collect data from maternal interview and clinical record with respect to maternal demographic and clinical characteristics, prenatal exposure to psychotropic drugs, and neonatal outcome (birth weight, preterm birth, neonatal hospitalization). Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the independent impact of each therapeutic class of psychotropic drug (antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and anxiolytics/hypnotics) on infant outcomes. All the models were adjusted for maternal confounding factors. RESULTS The sample included 1,071 women and their infants. Nearly half (40.2%) used at least 1 psychotropic drug during pregnancy. The risk of low birth weight was increased by antenatal exposure to mood stabilizers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03-4.04, P = .04). The risk of neonatal hospitalization was increased by prenatal exposure to antipsychotics (aOR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.19-2.54, P = .004), antidepressants (aOR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.05-2.41, P = .03) or anxiolytics/hypnotics (aOR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.30-2.75, P = .001), independent of birth weight and term delivery status. CONCLUSIONS Infants exposed to psychotropic drugs during pregnancy have less optimal neonatal outcome than unexposed infants and should be considered as a high-risk population.
A middleware for fast and flexible sensor network deployment

A key problem in current sensor network technology is the heterogeneity of the available software and hardware platforms which makes deployment and application development a tedious and time consuming task. To minimize the unnecessary and repetitive implementation of identical functionalities for different platforms, we present our Global Sensor Networks (GSN) middleware which supports the flexible integration and discovery of sensor networks and sensor data, enables fast deployment and addition of new platforms, provides distributed querying, filtering, and combination of sensor data, and supports the dynamic adaption of the system configuration during operation. GSN's central concept is the virtual sensor abstraction which enables the user to declaratively specify XML-based deployment descriptors in combination with the possibility to integrate sensor network data through plain SQL queries over local and remote sensor data sources. In this demonstration, we specifically focus on the deployment aspects and allow users to dynamically reconfigure the running system, to add new sensor networks on the fly, and to monitor the effects of the changes via a graphical interface. The GSN implementation is available from http://globalsn.sourceforge. net/.
Surface-to-Surface Morphology: when your Representations turn into Constraints

Traditional morphology, that cranks out ‘underlying representations’ destined for phonology, has a serial character that makes it an odd bedfellow to parallel OT. The problem becomes all the more acute once one recognizes the need for ‘surface-to-surface’ faithfulness constraints (Benua 1997, Burzio 1994a, Kenstowicz 1996, Steriade 1996), given the ability of the latter to do -in parallelsome of the work that the old morphology did in series. This paper proposes a theory of surface-to-surface relations that has full morphological capabilities. It does so by introducing the seemingly radical but actually natural assumption that representations are clusters of entailments that directly condition other representations. That assumption is shown to yield a faithfulness function that automatically manages distance among representations, by pressuring close neighbors to ‘neutralize’. The latter function is then shown to reduce otherwise paradoxical patterns of allomorphy to an effect that is independently attested at the segmental level, where weak contrasts are eliminated. The proposal thus relates well to the ‘Dispersion Theory’ of Flemming (1995) and the theory of neutralization of Steriade (1994, 1997b), which account for those segmental effects. It also connects with the theory of Wilson (1999, in preparation) which in turn establishes an important link between phonological neutralization and phonological opacity (counterfeeding/ counterbleeding effects).
Aspirin and Cancer Prevention and Treatment: Are We There Yet?

Commentary on Setiawan et al. [p. 1441][1] One of the great triumphs of 19th-century pathology was distinguishing inflammatory from neoplastic processes. It has become increasingly clear, however, that inflammatory processes are deeply entangled in carcinogenesis, thus provoking the search for
Discovery of a soft X-ray 8 mHz QPO from the accreting millisecond pulsar IGR J00291+5934

We report on the analysis of the peculiar X-ray variability displayed by the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar IGR J00291+5934 in a 80 ks-long joint NuSTAR and XMM–Newton observation performed during the source outburst in 2015. The light curve of the source is characterized by a flaring-like behaviour, with typical rise and decay time-scales of ∼120 s. The flares are accompanied by a remarkable spectral variability, with the X-ray emission being generally softer at the peak of the flares. A strong quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) is detected at ∼8 mHz in the power spectrum of the source and clearly associated with the flaring-like behaviour. This feature has the strongest power at soft X-rays ( ≲ 3 keV). We carried out a dedicated hardness-ratio-resolved spectral analysis and a QPO phase-resolved spectral analysis, together with an in-depth study of the source-timing properties, to investigate the origin of this behaviour. We suggest that the unusual variability of IGR J00291+5934 observed by XMM–Newton and NuSTAR could be produced by a heartbeat-like mechanism, similar to that observed in black hole X-ray binaries. The possibility that this variability, and the associated QPO, are triggered by phases of quasi-stable nuclear burning, as sustained in the literature for a number of other neutron star binaries displaying a similar behaviour, cannot be solidly tested in the case of IGR J00291+5934 due to the paucity of type I X-ray bursts detected from this source.