Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in Chemo-Enzymatic properties of Soil under Different Drip Irrigation and Fertigation Levels with Cow Urine and Biofertilizers in Protected Condition

The effect of different levels of fertigation and drip irrigation was studied along with applications of cow urine and biofertilizers on chemo enzymatic and biological properties of soil during summer season in a naturally ventilated poly house. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 11 treatments and 3 replication comprising of two drip irrigation levels viz., I2 (IW/CPE=0.4) and I4 (IW/ CPE=0.8), five fertigation levels, one farmers’ practice and applications of cow urine and biofertilizers. The ammonical (NH4) and nitrate (NO3) forms of soil nitrogen content in treatments F2I4 and F2I2 (where F2 is 100% of recommended NPK doses (1/3 rd N and full P, K applied as basal and 2/3rdN through fertigation+Azotobacter+PSB) and 5% cow-urine) were significantly superior then farmers’ practice (T11) at both depths (0.0-0.15 m and 0.15-0.30m). Similarly, trends followed by the biomass carbon, urease and phosphatase activity at both depths. The urease activity was higher in treatments with application of cow urine than without cow urine. The overall results indicated that combined application of bio-fertilizers and fertilizers along with cow urine has positive effect on biomass carbon and chemoenzymatic properties of soil due to enhanced of soil physical and microbiological properties and addition of nutrients in soil with saving of at least 50 % of water and hence can be exploited as a sustainable approach under integrated nutrient management.
Publisher's Expression of Concern: Geographical Differences Associated with SNPs in Nine Gene Targets among Resistant Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

ABSTRACT The American Society for Microbiology (ASM) and the Journal of Clinical Microbiology (JCM) are issuing this Expression of Concern to alert readers to questions about the ownership of the data in the following publication: IMPORTANCE M. Hoshide, L. Qian, C. Rodrigues, R. Warren, T. Victor, H. B. Evasco II, T. Tupasi, V. Crudu, and J. T. Douglas. Geographic Differences Associated with SNPs in Nine Gene Targets among Resistant Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Clin. Microbiol. doi:10.1128/JCM.00857-13. IMPORTANCE JCM has been notified that substantial portions of the data presented in the manuscript were derived from results of a multicenter study centered at the University of California in San Diego (UCSD) and funded by the National Institutes of Health, and that the manuscript by Hoshide et al. was submitted for publication without prior approval of the UCSD study center. This matter is now under discussion by the University of Hawaii, Dr. Douglas's institution, and UCSD. Pending resolution of the questions raised regarding the right of the authors to publish these data, JCM has placed publication of the final version of the manuscript on hold. It should be noted that, according to ASM policies prohibiting duplicate publication, while the Hoshide et al. manuscript remains published, JCM cannot consider papers from other participants in the multicenter study if they include essentially the same data.
The Embodiment of Emotional Feelings in the Brain

Central to Walter Cannon's challenge to peripheral theories of emotion was that bodily arousal responses are too undifferentiated to account for the wealth of emotional feelings. Despite considerable evidence to the contrary, this remains widely accepted and for nearly a century has left the issue of whether visceral afferent signals are essential for emotional experience unresolved. Here we combine functional magnetic resonance imaging and multiorgan physiological recording to dissect experience of two distinct disgust forms and their relationship to peripheral and central physiological activity. We show that experience of core and body–boundary–violation disgust are dissociable in both peripheral autonomic and central neural responses and also that emotional experience specific to anterior insular activity encodes these different underlying patterns of peripheral physiological responses. These findings demonstrate that organ-specific physiological responses differentiate emotional feeling states and support the hypothesis that central representations of organism physiological homeostasis constitute a critical aspect of the neural basis of feelings.
Routine Antenatal Anti-D Prophylaxis in Women Who Are Rh(D) Negative: Meta-Analyses Adjusted for Differences in Study Design and Quality

Background To estimate the effectiveness of routine antenatal anti-D prophylaxis for preventing sensitisation in pregnant Rhesus negative women, and to explore whether this depends on the treatment regimen adopted. Methods Ten studies identified in a previous systematic literature search were included. Potential sources of bias were systematically identified using bias checklists, and their impact and uncertainty were quantified using expert opinion. Study results were adjusted for biases and combined, first in a random-effects meta-analysis and then in a random-effects meta-regression analysis. Results In a conventional meta-analysis, the pooled odds ratio for sensitisation was estimated as 0.25 (95% CI 0.18, 0.36), comparing routine antenatal anti-D prophylaxis to control, with some heterogeneity (I 2 = 19%). However, this naïve analysis ignores substantial differences in study quality and design. After adjusting for these, the pooled odds ratio for sensitisation was estimated as 0.31 (95% CI 0.17, 0.56), with no evidence of heterogeneity (I 2 = 0%). A meta-regression analysis was performed, which used the data available from the ten anti-D prophylaxis studies to inform us about the relative effectiveness of three licensed treatments. This gave an 83% probability that a dose of 1250 IU at 28 and 34 weeks is most effective and a 76% probability that a single dose of 1500 IU at 28–30 weeks is least effective. Conclusion There is strong evidence for the effectiveness of routine antenatal anti-D prophylaxis for prevention of sensitisation, in support of the policy of offering routine prophylaxis to all non-sensitised pregnant Rhesus negative women. All three licensed dose regimens are expected to be effective.
The Relationship among Iranian EFL Learners’ Creativity, Emotional Intelligence, and Language Learning Strategies

The present study was carried out in an attempt to investigate the relationship among EFL learners' creativity, emotional intelligence, and language learning strategies. To achieve the objective of the research, a group of 120 male and female learners, between the ages of 18 and 35 majoring in English Literature, English Translation, and English Language Teaching, both at B.A. and M.A. levels were non-randomly selected. To obtain the required data, the following questionnaires were utilized: Persian validated Creativity Test, Persian validated Bar-On Emotional Intelligence questionnaire, and Persian validated Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL). The results of correlation analyses revealed that there was no significant relationship between EFL learners’ creativity and emotional intelligence. Moreover, a positive medium relationship between EFL learners' creativity and their language learning strategies was observed. In addition, a positive significant correlation was revealed between EFL learners' emotional intelligence and their language learning strategies. This study also demonstrated that EFL learners' creativity was a better predictor about their language learning strategies compared with their emotional intelligence.
Performance analysis of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer with ambient RF energy harvesting

The advance in RF energy transfer and harvesting technique over the past decade has enabled wireless energy replenishment for electronic devices, which is deemed as a promising alternative to address the energy bottleneck of conventional battery-powered devices. In this paper, by using a stochastic geometry approach, we aim to analyze the performance of an RF-powered wireless sensor in a downlink simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system with ambient RF transmitters. Specifically, we consider the point-to-point downlink SWIPT transmission from an access point to a wireless sensor in a network, where ambient RF transmitters are distributed as a Ginibre α-determinantal point process (DPP), which becomes the Poisson point process when a approaches zero. In the considered network, we focus on analyzing the performance of a sensor equipped with the power-splitting architecture. Under this architecture, we characterize the expected RF energy harvesting rate of the sensor. Moreover, we derive the upper bound of both power and transmission outage probabilities. Numerical results show that our upper bounds are accurate for different value of a.
Expression of the neutrophil elastase gene during human bone marrow cell differentiation

Neutrophil elastase, a potent serine protease carried and released by activated neutrophils, is not synthesized by neutrophils, but by their bone marrow precursor cells. Using in situ hybridization with 35S- labeled antisense and sense neutrophil elastase cRNA probes, the present study demonstrates that expression of the neutrophil elastase gene is tightly controlled in bone marrow precursors and occurs during a very limited stage of differentiation of the neutrophil myeloid series, almost entirely at the promyelocyte stage. Neutrophil elastase mRNA transcript levels are detectable to a limited extent in blasts, increase markedly in the promyelocyte stage, and then disappear as promyelocytes further differentiate. Control probes specific for myeloperoxidase, lactoferrin, and beta-globin mRNA transcripts, respectively, demonstrated contrasting gene expression. Myeloperoxidase mRNA transcripts were also found almost exclusively at the promyelocyte stage, but myeloperoxidase mRNA levels disappeared earlier than do neutrophil elastase mRNA levels, suggesting that expression of these genes may be differently controlled. In comparison, lactoferrin mRNA transcripts were detected late in the neutrophil lineage, while beta- globin mRNA was detected only in cells of the erythroid lineage. Together these observations suggest that the expression of the neutrophil elastase gene is likely under very tight control, and is likely different than that for other constituents of the neutrophil granules.
Outcomes of corneal spherical aberration-guided cataract surgery measured by the OPD-scan.

PURPOSE To determine based on preoperative corneal spherical aberration, the practicality of targeting zero total ocular postoperative spherical aberration when selecting an aspheric intraocular lens (IOL). METHODS Consecutive cataract patients were selected to receive an aspheric IOL based on corneal spherical aberration. A target of zero postoperative total spherical aberration Z(4,0) was calculated. One of three IOLs was chosen, based on the corneal spherical aberration Z(4,0) measurement at the 6-mm optical zone. The IOL was selected based on the summation of the corneal spherical aberration and the aspheric value of the prolate optic. The intention was an absolute value of zero total spherical aberration. Statistical analysis of the postoperative total ocular wavefront profile was performed to assess the accuracy of aspheric IOL selection. RESULTS Forty eyes of 40 patients were available for postoperative assessment. The Tecnis Z9003 (Abbott Medical Optics) was implanted in 25 eyes with a preoperative corneal spherical aberration of +0.311±0.054 μm, the AcrySof IQ (Alcon Laboratories Inc) in 13 eyes (+0.188±0.034 μm), and the SofPort-Advanced Optic with Violet Shield (Bausch & Lomb) was implanted in 2 eyes (+0.0915 μm). Total postoperative ocular spherical aberration for the entire group measured +0.019±0.051 μm (Tecnis: +0.024±0.058 μm; AcrySof IQ: +0.010±0.035 μm; and SofPort AOV: +0.037 μm). Mean absolute predictive error, for the entire group, measured +0.025±0.020 μm. CONCLUSIONS Skiascopy-derived total wavefront measurement of spherical aberration is a reproducible method of aspheric IOL selection and permits more precise control of total ocular spherical aberration.
Plasmids -- potential tool for the investigation of gene transfer in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Changes in the genetic repertoire by the acquisition of new genetic material through horizontal gene transfer is an important phenomenon in the evolution of many bacteria (Ochman & Moran, 2001). Transferred genes may either provide small but evolutionary important contributions to fitness or confer condition-specific advantages, facilitating adaptation to a new environment (Pal et al., 2005). Many bacterial pathogens have evolved the capacity to produce virulence factors that are directly involved in infection and disease. Acquiring virulence through horizontal gene transfer is the most common mechanism of gaining new genetic information (Ochman et al., 2000; Morschhauser et al., 2000; Hacker & Kaper, 2000; Ziebuhr et al., 1999). The need for information regarding gene transfer has prompted further investigation of different pathogenic organisms. Understanding gene transfer will explain the pathogenicity of the organism in the host.
Unexpected Patterns of Plastic Energy Allocation in Stochastic Environments

When environmental conditions vary stochastically, individuals accrue fitness benefits by exhibiting phenotypic plasticity. Here we analyze a general dynamic‐programming model describing an individual’s optimal energy allocation in a stochastic environment. After maturation, individuals repeatedly decide how to allocate incoming energy between reproduction and maintenance. We analyze the optimal fraction of energy invested in reproduction and the resultant degree of plasticity in dependence on environmental variability and predictability. Our analyses reveal unexpected patterns of optimal energy allocation. When energy availability is low, all energy is allocated to reproduction, although this implies that individuals will not survive after reproduction. Above a certain threshold of energy availability, the optimal reproductive investment decreases to a minimum and even vanishes entirely in highly variable environments. With further improving energy availability, optimal reproductive investment gradually increases again. Costs of plasticity affect this allocation pattern only quantitatively. Our results show that optimal reproductive investment does not increase monotonically with growing energy availability and that small changes in energy availability can lead to major variations in optimal energy allocation. Our results help to unify two apparently opposing predictions from life‐history theory, that organisms should increase reproductive investment both with improved environmental conditions and when conditions deteriorate (“terminal investment”).
Prospective and clinical validation of ALK immunohistochemistry: results from the phase I/II study of alectinib for ALK-positive lung cancer (AF-001JP study)

We prospectively showed that when anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) immunohistochemistry (IHC) is sensitive enough and appropriately interpreted, it can be a stand-alone diagnostic for ALK inhibitor therapies. Our data will further spread and promote IHC for the screening of patients who will benefit from ALK inhibitor therapy, and cut the time and money costs for that purpose.
Explorer The Asp 84 Glu variant of the melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC 1 R ) is associated with melanoma

Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) plays an important role in determining the cutaneous response to ultraviolet radiation and may also influence melanoma progression. We have previously shown that variants of the melanocortin receptor present on melanocytes, MC1R, are associated with sun sensitivity and red hair in a UK population and therefore now consider the gene as a candidate for melanoma susceptibility. We have compared the frequency of known MC1R variants in the second and seventh transmembrane domains in 43 melanoma cases and 44 controls. MC1R variants were more common in cases than controls (chi 2 = 6.75, 1 d.f.; P = 0.0094) with a relative risk to carriers of variant alleles compared with normal homozygotes of 3.91 (95% c.l.: 1.48-10.35), and a population risk attributable to carriers of 34.6% (95% c.i. 10.7-52.1%). The Asp84Glu variant was only present in melanoma cases and appears to be of particular significance. The contribution of variant MC1R alleles was largely independent of skin type. Variants of the MC1R gene are likely to be causally associated with the development of melanoma.
SPL: a language and compiler for DSP algorithms

We discuss the design and implementation of a compiler that translates formulas representing signal processing transforms into efficient C or Fortran programs. The formulas are represented in a language that we call SPL, an acronym from Signal Processing Language. The compiler is a component of the SPIRAL system which makes use of formula transformations and intelligent search strategies to automatically generate optimized digital signal processing (DSP) libraries. After a discussion of the translation and optimization techniques implemented in the compiler, we use SPL formulations of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to evaluate the compiler. Our results show that SPIRAL, which can be used to implement many classes of algorithms, produces programs that perform as well as “hard-wired” systems like FFTW.
Mechanics of the Normal Heart

Abstract Even though studies on isolated papillary muscles and cardiomyocytes can be applied to the mechanics of a beating heart, it is not always easy for physicians to relate these findings to clinical medicine. Thus, it is important to extend the studies to intact heart either in simulations or in animal models and even better to validate the results with human subjects. Advances in engineering and computer technology have allowed us to bridge the gap between physiology and mechanics. Cardiomyocyte stress/strain relates to muscle energy expenditure, which dictates oxygen and substrate utilization. Appreciation of this sequential relationship by clinicians will facilitate the logical development and assessment of therapies. Theory of finite element analysis (FEA) can predict cardiac mechanics under normal and pathologic conditions. Imaging studies provide an avenue to relate these predictions indirectly to experimental studies. In this fashion, we can understand the mechanical basis for the micro‐ and macroanatomical twisting motion of the beating heart. The purposes of this manuscript are: (1) to examine the terms that are traditionally used to describe mechanical stresses and strain within the ventricle, (2) to explore the three‐dimensional organization of cardiomyocytes that influences global ventricular function, (3) to apply mechanical measures to both single cardiomyofibrils and the intact ventricle (4) to evaluate mathematical and computer models used to characterize cardiac mechanics, and (5) to outline the clinical methods available to measure ventricular function and relate findings from FEA to pathologic conditions.
The emulation theory of representation: Motor control, imagery, and perception

The emulation theory of representation is developed and explored as a framework that can revealingly synthesize a wide variety of representational functions of the brain. The framework is based on constructs from control theory (forward models) and signal processing (Kalman filters). The idea is that in addition to simply engaging with the body and environment, the brain constructs neural circuits that act as models of the body and environment. During overt sensorimotor engagement, these models are driven by efference copies in parallel with the body and environment, in order to provide expectations of the sensory feedback, and to enhance and process sensory information. These models can also be run off-line in order to produce imagery, estimate outcomes of different actions, and evaluate and develop motor plans. The framework is initially developed within the context of motor control, where it has been shown that inner models running in parallel with the body can reduce the effects of feedback delay problems. The same mechanisms can account for motor imagery as the off-line driving of the emulator via efference copies. The framework is extended to account for visual imagery as the off-line driving of an emulator of the motor-visual loop. I also show how such systems can provide for amodal spatial imagery. Perception, including visual perception, results from such models being used to form expectations of, and to interpret, sensory input. I close by briefly outlining other cognitive functions that might also be synthesized within this framework, including reasoning, theory of mind phenomena, and language.
Immunoinflammatory diseases of the central nervous system – the tale of two cytokines

Cytokines are potent mediators of cellular communication that have crucial roles in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunoinflammatory responses. Clear evidence has emerged in recent years that the dysregulated production of cytokines may in itself be causative in the pathogenesis of certain immunoinflammatory disorders. Here we review current evidence for the involvement of two different cytokines, IFN‐α and IL‐6, as principal mediators of specific immunoinflammatory disorders of the CNS. IFN‐α belongs to the type I IFN family and is causally linked to the development of inflammatory encephalopathy exemplified by the genetic disorder, Aicardi–Goutières syndrome. IL‐6 belongs to the gp130 family of cytokines and is causally linked to a number of immunoinflammatory disorders of the CNS including neuromyelitis optica, idiopathic transverse myelitis and genetically linked autoinflammatory neurological disease. In addition to clinical evidence, experimental studies, particularly in genetically engineered mouse models with astrocyte‐targeted, CNS‐restricted production of IFN‐α or IL‐6 replicate many of the cardinal neuropathological features of these human cytokine‐linked immunoinflammatory neurological disorders giving crucial evidence for a direct causative role of these cytokines and providing further rationale for the therapeutic targeting of these cytokines in neurological diseases where indicated.
International Capital Markets and Foreign Exchange Risk

Relations between foreign exchange risk premia, exchange rate volatility, and the volatilities of the pricing kernels for the underlying currencies, are derived under the assumption of integrated capital markets. As predicted, the volatility of exchange rates is significantly associated with the estimated volatility of the relevant pricing kernels, and foreign exchange risk premia are significantly related to both the estimated volatility of the pricing kernels and the volatility of exchange rates. The estimated foreign exchange risk premia mostly satisfy Fama's (1984) necessary conditions for explaining the forward premium puzzle, but the puzzle remains in several cases even after taking account of the pricing kernel volatilities. Copyright 2006, Oxford University Press.