Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tinnitus and temporomandibular disorders: the knowledge of professionals for primary health care in the city of Curitiba.

INTRODUCTION The high prevalence of temporomandibular disorders and tinnitus along with the negative effects on the quality of life of affected individuals makes this association a matter of public health. OBJECTIVE To assess the knowledge of primary health care professionals about the interrelationship between temporomandibular disorders and tinnitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a quantitative cross-sectional study, using a structured, self-administered questionnaire for a group of 54 dental surgeons. The statistical analysis used involved descriptive analyses through absolute and relative frequency distributions. RESULTS The results showed that the professionals do not, as a routine, examine the temporomandibular joints and masticatory muscles during physical examination. In addition, there was a low percentage of correct answers on questions that assess knowledge. CONCLUSIONS There is a need to inform dentists about the interrelationship between temporomandibular disorders and tinnitus. Furthermore, there is a need to encourage managers to establish teaching and learning tools that support and strengthen the role of dentists in primary health care. In this way, routine visits might minimize these disorders, and thus contribute to the quality of life of the population.
Explaining the Boom-Bust Cycle in the U.S. Housing Market: A Reverse-Engineering Approach

We use a simple quantitative asset pricing model to "reverse-engineer" the sequences of stochastic shocks to housing demand and lending standards that are needed to exactly replicate the boom-bust patterns in U.S. household real estate value and mortgage debt over the period 1995 to 2012. Conditional on the observed paths for U.S. disposable income growth and the mortgage interest rate, we consider four different specifications of the model that vary according to the way that household expectations are formed (rational versus moving average forecast rules) and the maturity of the mortgage contract (one-period versus long-term). We find that the model with moving average forecast rules and long-term mortgage debt does best in plausibly matching the patterns observed in the data. Counterfactual simulations show that shifting lending standards (as measured by a loan-to-equity limit) were an important driver of the episode while movements in the mortgage interest rate were not. All models deliver rapid consumption growth during the boom, negative consumption growth during the Great Recession, and sluggish consumption growth during the recovery when households are deleveraging.
Can We Define Good Teaching?

Educators, in their sometimes desperate efforts to find models for good teaching, often end with an either/or: technology or aesthetics; didactics or encounter. Professor Broudy, editor of EDUCATIONAL FORUM and a widely known educational philosopher, here discusses the difficulties of definition and then goes on to break through the either/or. Didactic teaching (after the model of programmed instruction), he says, is the kind of teaching for which outcomes, means, and criteria can be made explicit; and it will be the dominant mode in time to come. Encounter teaching (after the model of the humanely cultivated person) may become possible as teachers are freed by technology; but here neither outcomes, nor means, nor criteria can be specified. The problem, Dr. Broudy, concludes, is "to lure" enough people into the schools to do a kind of teaching which cannot be finally defined.
Pharmacokinetic interaction between rifampicin and the once-daily combination of saquinavir and low-dose ritonavir in HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVES To assess plasma steady-state pharmacokinetics (PK) of rifampicin, isoniazid, saquinavir and ritonavir in HIV and tuberculosis (TB) co-infected patients, and investigate potential interactions between TB drugs and protease inhibitors (PIs). METHODS Open-label, single-arm, sequential PK study including 22 patients with HIV infection and TB. During the first 2 months, patients received rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide, with or without ethambutol (first PK study, n = 22). Then patients stopped pyrazinamide and ethambutol and started once-daily antiretroviral therapy (ART) with didanosine, lamivudine, ritonavir (200 mg) and saquinavir (1600 mg) (second PK study, n = 18). Patients stopped all TB drugs after 9 months continuing the same ART (third PK study, n = 15). Differences between TB drug parameters in the first and second PK studies, and between PI parameters in the second and third PK studies were used to assess interactions. RESULTS Rifampicin and isoniazid pharmacokinetics did not change substantially with saquinavir and ritonavir. A significant 39.5%, 34.9% and 48.7% reduction in median saquinavir AUC(0-24), C(max) and C(trough), respectively, was seen with rifampicin and isoniazid. Ritonavir AUC(0-24), C(max) and C(trough) decreased 42.5%, 49.6% and 64.3%, respectively, with rifampicin and isoniazid. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant interaction between saquinavir, ritonavir and rifampicin, with reduction in median plasma concentrations of saquinavir and ritonavir. Saquinavir should be given with caution in patients receiving rifampicin. Twice-daily dosing or higher saquinavir doses in once-daily administration should be tested to obtain more appropriate plasma levels.
The coding-Spreading Tradeoff Problem in Finite-Sized Synchronous DS-CDMA Systems

This dissertation provides a comprehensive analysis of the coding-spreading tradeoff problem in finite-sized synchronous DS-CDMA systems. In contrast to the large system which has a large number of users, the finite-sized system refers to a system with a small number of users. Much work has been performed in the past on the analysis of the spectral efficiency of synchronous DS-CDMA systems and the associated coding-spreading tradeoff problem. However, most of the analysis is based on the large-system assumptions. In this dissertation, we focused on finite-sized systems with the help of numerical methods and Monte-Carlo simulations.Binary-input achievable information rates for finite-sized synchronous DS-CDMA systems with different detection/decoding schemes on AWGN channel are numerically calculated for various coding/spreading apportionments. We use these results to determine the existence and value of an optimal code rate for a number of different multiuser receivers, where optimality is in the sense of minimizing the SNR required for reliable multiuser communication. Our results are consistent with the well-known fact that all coding (no spreading) is optimal for the maximum a posteriori receiver.Simulations of the LDPC-coded synchronous DS-CDMA systems with iterative multiuser detection/decoding and MMSE multiuser detection/single-user decoding are also presented to show that the binary-input capacities can be closely approached with practical schemes. The coding-spreading tradeoff is examined using these LDPC code simulation results, where agreement with the information-theoretic results is demonstrated.We extend our work to the DS-CDMA systems on two idealized Rayleigh flat-fading channels: the chip-level flat-fading (CLFF) and the (code) symbol-level flat-fading (SLFF). These models represent ideal fast fading and slow fading channels, respectively. Both information-theoretic results and LDPC code simulation results are presented to show the effects of channel fading on system performance and the coding-spreading tradeoff. It is shown that fast fading can be beneficial to system performance under the condition of perfect channel state information at receiver, but slow fading is very harmful. Slow fading also increases the importance of coding greatly, compared to the AWGN and fast fading.Finally, we present some comparisons with large-system results on AWGN and CLFF channels, which show both consistencies and discrepancies.
Considerations for bistatic probing of clear‐air winds in the atmospheric boundary layer

Bistatic radar measurement of clear‐air winds in the atmospheric boundary layer is considered. The context is three‐dimensional wind field measurement using dense networks of short‐range radars configured to operate in bistatic geometries. Such networks exploit a combination of Rayleigh scattering from insects and Bragg scattering from refractive index turbulence, the latter exhibiting enhanced scattering intensity in forward scatter geometries compared to the monostatic case. Bistatic radar fundamentals are reviewed, and beam‐limited scattering volumes are considered. Measurements with sufficient precision (<1 m s−1) are achievable with relatively low average powers (100 W) with reasonably short dwell times (1 s) for transmitters and receivers separated by as much as 15 km. For a fixed antenna aperture size, frequency dependence of sensitivity for the Bragg component of the composite scattered signal is weak (λ2/3), provided that the Bragg‐resonant wave number for the forward scattering geometry lies within the inertial subrange of refractive index turbulence. In contrast, the strong (λ4) frequency‐dependent Rayleigh insect echo dominates the scattered signal for short wavelengths (i.e., X band and higher frequencies) under many conditions except for small forward scatter angles. Owing to this dominance and to the tendency for refractive index turbulence and insects to occur together in the atmospheric boundary layer, reliance on the bistatic Bragg scattering mechanism is not warranted for short‐range, short‐wavelength radar networks.
Interruption of CryAB-Amyloid Oligomer Formation by HSP22*

An R120G missense mutation in α-B-crystallin (CryAB), a small heat-shock protein (HSP), causes a desmin-related cardiomyopathy (DRM) that is characterized by the formation of aggregates containing CryAB and desmin. The mutant CryAB protein leads to the formation of inclusion bodies, which contain amyloid oligomer intermediates (amyloid oligomer) in the cardiomyocytes. To further address the underlying mechanism(s) of amyloid oligomer formation in DRM linked to the CryAB R120G, a recombinant CryAB R120G protein was generated. The purified CryAB R120G protein can form a toxic amyloid oligomer, whereas little immunoreactivity was observed in the wild-type CryAB protein. A native PAGE showed that the oligomerized form was present in the CryAB R120G protein, whereas only a high molecular mass was detected in the wildtype CryAB. The oligomerized CryAB R120G of around 240-480 kDa showed strong positive immunoreactivity against an anti-oligomer antibody. The CryAB R120G amyloid oligomer was unstable and easily lost its conformation by β-mercaptoethanol and SDS. Recombinant HSP25 or HSP22 proteins can directly interrupt oligomer formation by the CryAB R120G protein, whereas the amyloid oligomer is still present in the mixture of the wild-type CryAB and CryAB R120G proteins. This interruption by HSP25 and HSP22 was confirmed in a cardiomyocyte-based study using an adenoviral transfection system. Blockade of amyloid oligomer formation by HSP25 and HSP22 recovered the ubiquitin proteosomal activity and cellular viability. Blockade of oligomer formation by small HSP may be a new therapeutic strategy for treating DRM as well as other types of amyloid-based degenerative diseases.
INTEGRAL/RXTE high-energy observation of a state transition of GX 339–4

On 2004 August 15, we observed a fast (shorter than 10 h) state transition in the bright black hole transient GX 339-4 simultaneously with Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) and INTEGRAL. This transition was evident both in timing and spectral properties. Combining the data from the Proportional Counter Array (PCA), the High-Energy X-ray Timing Experiment (HEXTE) and the Imager on Board the INTEGRAL Satellite (IBIS), we obtained good quality broad-band (3-200 keV) energy spectra before and after the transition. These spectra indicate that the hard component steepened. Also, the high-energy cut-off that was present at ∼70 keV before the transition was not detected after the transition. This is the first time that an accurate determination of the broad-band spectrum across such a transition has been measured on a short time-scale. It shows that, although some spectral parameters do not change abruptly through the transition, the high-energy cut-off increases/disappears rather fast. These results constitute a benchmark on which to test theoretical models for the production of the hard component in these systems.
Pubertal Timing Predicts Previous Fractures and BMD in Young Adult Men: The GOOD Study

The importance of pubertal timing for adult BMD in males was studied through association of pubertal timing with young adult bone phenotype. Pubertal timing was found to predict both cortical and trabecular volumetric BMD and previous fractures in young adult men. Thus, late puberty is a risk factor for low BMD and previous fractures in young adult men.
Coordinated Rates of Evolution between Interacting Plastid and Nuclear Genes in Geraniaceae

Evolutionary analysis in Geraniaceae reveals correlation of rates between plastid- and nuclear-encoded genes, providing a plausible mechanism for plastome-genome incompatibility in this family. Although gene coevolution has been widely observed within individuals and between different organisms, rarely has this phenomenon been investigated within a phylogenetic framework. The Geraniaceae is an attractive system in which to study plastid-nuclear genome coevolution due to the highly elevated evolutionary rates in plastid genomes. In plants, the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) is a protein complex composed of subunits encoded by both plastid (rpoA, rpoB, rpoC1, and rpoC2) and nuclear genes (sig1-6). We used transcriptome and genomic data for 27 species of Geraniales in a systematic evaluation of coevolution between genes encoding subunits of the PEP holoenzyme. We detected strong correlations of dN (nonsynonymous substitutions) but not dS (synonymous substitutions) within rpoB/sig1 and rpoC2/sig2, but not for other plastid/nuclear gene pairs, and identified the correlation of dN/dS ratio between rpoB/C1/C2 and sig1/5/6, rpoC1/C2 and sig2, and rpoB/C2 and sig3 genes. Correlated rates between interacting plastid and nuclear sequences across the Geraniales could result from plastid-nuclear genome coevolution. Analyses of coevolved amino acid positions suggest that structurally mediated coevolution is not the major driver of plastid-nuclear coevolution. The detection of strong correlation of evolutionary rates between SIG and RNAP genes suggests a plausible explanation for plastome-genome incompatibility in Geraniaceae.
Effective Scheduling in Cognitive Radio Network

In this paper, we investigate a joint scheduling and power control for an infrastructure-based cognitive radio network (CRN) in coexistence with a cellular primary radio network (PRN). The PRN uses a set of licensed orthogonal channels for transmission. This set of channels is also accessed in an opportunistic manner by a set of cognitive radio base stations (CR-BSs) to support secondary users (SUs). The problem is formulated to maximize the spectrum utilization of SUs without causing excessive interference to active primary users (PUs) of the PRN. In addition, all the served SUs must meet a certain QoS. A centralized solution for joint scheduling and power control is derived to give the global accessing decision for all unserved SUs. With the assumption that the knowledge of all subscribers is available, the coordinator of the CRN can use the joint scheduling and power control algorithm to maximize the spectrum utilization of served SUs by solving a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) with an NP-hard complexity. To avoid the NP-hard complexity, we propose a sub-optimal heuristic greedy algorithm that can be obtained at a much lower complexity based on the coloring interference graph among unserved SUs effected by served SUs and active PUs. Its superior performance oveover other related algorithms is demonstrated through simulations.
The Association Between Short Sleep Duration and Body Mass Index Among South Korean Children and Adolescents

This study aims to examine the relationship between sleep duration and body mass index (BMI) in two South Korean samples: children and adolescents. Nationally representative secondary data (i.e., the Korean Survey on the Obesity of Youth and Children) collected in 2009 were analyzed (N = 2,499 for children and N = 7,431 for adolescents). Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance were implemented to examine BMI levels depending on sleep duration. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to explore the existence of a strong association between sleep duration and BMI z score after controlling for other factors. In both samples, sleep length had a reverse linear relationship with BMI z score, and shorter sleep duration was significantly associated with an increase in BMI z score. School nurses should take note of the strong association between sleep duration and BMI for more effective weight control in children and adolescence.
The Political Conditioning of Economic Perceptions

Economic theories of voting argue that party popularity and vote are heavily influenced by the performance of the economy. Inferences about the direction of causality between perceptions of the economy and party support remain questionable, however. This article evaluates the microfoundations of economic theories of voting and party popularity using multiwave panel data. We model the dynamic relationships between party support and retrospective economic perceptions—both sociotropic and egocentric—through the 1992–97 British electoral cycle. Our findings indicate that sociotropic perceptions are strongly conditioned by prior opinions of the incumbent Conservative Party and once this temporal relationship is taken into account, they have little affect on incumbent party popularity. Throughout the electoral cycle, lagged political support has a substantially stronger effect on sociotropic perceptions than the latter have on concurrent party support. Moreover, egocentric perceptions appear to be neither stron.
Bacterial Population Changes in a Membrane Bioreactor for Graywater Treatment Monitored by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoretic Analysis of 16S rRNA Gene Fragments

ABSTRACT The bacterial population of a graywater treatment system was monitored over the course of 100 days, along with several wastewater biochemical parameters. The graywater treatment system employed an 1,800-liter membrane bioreactor (MBR) to process the waste, with essentially 100% recycling of the biomass. Graywater feed consisting of 10% galley water and 90% laundry water, selected to approximate the graywater composition on board U.S. Navy ships, was collected offsite. Five-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5), oils and greases (O/G), nitrogen, and phosphorus were monitored in the feed and were found to vary greatly day to day. Changes in the bacterial population were monitored by PCR amplification of region 332 to 518 (Escherichia coli numbering) of the 16S rRNA gene and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of the resultant PCR products. DGGE analysis indicated a diverse and unstable bacterial population throughout the 100-day period, with spikes in feed strength causing significant changes in community structure. Long-term similarity between the communities was 0 to 25%, depending on the method of analysis. In spite of the unstable bacterial population, the MBR system was able to meet effluent quality parameters approximately 90% of the time.
ASSESSMENT OF STUDENTS’ COGNITIVE–AFFECTIVE STATES IN LEARNING WITHIN A COMPUTER-BASED ENVIRONMENT: EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE

Students’ cognitive-affective states are human-elements that are crucial in the design of computer-based learning (CBL) systems. This paper presents an investigation of students’ cognitiveaffective states (i.e., engaged concentration, anxiety, and boredom) when they learn a particular course within CBL systems. The results of past studies by other researchers suggested that certain cognitive-affective states; particularly boredom and anxiety could negatively infl uence learning in a computer-based environment. This paper investigates the types of cognitive-affective state that students experience when they learn through a specifi c instance of CBL (i.e., a content sequencing system). Further, research was carried to understand whether the cognitive-affective states would infl uence students’ performance within the environment. A one-way between-subject-design experiment was conducted utilizing four instruments (i) CBL systems known as IT-Tutor for learning computer network, (ii) a pre-test, (iii) a post-test, and (iv) self-report inventory to capture the students’ cognitive-affective states. A cluster analysis and discriminant function analysis were employed to identify and classify the students’ cognitiveaffective states. Students were classifi ed according to their prior knowledge to element the effects of it on performance. Then, non-parametric statistical tests were conducted on different pairs of cluster of the cognitive-affective states and prior knowledge to determine differences on students’ performance. The results of this study suggested that all the three cognitive-affective states were experienced by the students. The cognitive-affective states were found to have positive effects on the students’ performance. This study revealed that disengaged cognitive-affective states, particularly boredom can improve learning performance for lowprior knowledge students.
Paternal age and sporadic neurofibromatosis 1: A case‐control study and consideration of the methodologic issues

Sporadic neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) occurs in the absence of a family history of the disease and usually results from a new mutation in the germ cell of one of the parents, most commonly the father. Older paternal age may increase the risk for a new germinal NF1 mutation, but the results of studies to address this question conflict. We investigated paternal age in sporadic NF1 by using a case‐control study design. Patients who were seen at two specialty NF clinics in Houston, Texas, born between 1970 and 1992 and living in the Houston area and surrounding counties, were studied. Birth certificates with information on the father were found for 89 cases. For each case, two birth certificates were chosen at random from the same year and county of birth. In this way, the control group of 178 individuals was formed. Fathers of patients with NF1 were 1.5 years older than fathers of control subjects at the birth of the child, but the difference was only of borderline statistical significance (P = 0.07). This paternal age difference was not changed by adjustment for socioeconomic status or maternal age. These and previous data are consistent with either a small paternal age effect in sporadic NF1 or a bias such as that resulting from the selection of cases and/or controls. Genet. Epidemiol. 14:507–516,1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.