Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NMAAP1 Expressed in BCG-Activated Macrophage Promotes M1 Macrophage Polarization

Macrophages are divided into two subpopulations: classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2). BCG (Bacilli Calmette-Guérin) activates disabled naïve macrophages to M1 macrophages, which act as inflammatory, microbicidal and tumoricidal cells through cell-cell contact and/or the release of soluble factors. Various transcription factors and signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of macrophage activation and polarization. We discovered that BCG-activated macrophages (BAM) expressed a new molecule, and we named it Novel Macrophage Activated Associated Protein 1 (NMAAP1). The current study found that the overexpression of NMAAP1 in macrophages results in M1 polarization with increased expression levels of M1 genes, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Interleukin 12 (IL-12), Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and decreased expression of some M2 genes, such as Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), but not other M2 genes, including arginase-1 (Arg-1), Interleukin (IL-10), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and found in inflammatory zone 1 (Fizz1). Moreover, NMAAP1 overexpression in the RAW264.7 cell line increased cytotoxicity against MCA207 tumor cells, which depends on increased inflammatory cytokines rather than cell-cell contact. NMAAP1 also substantially enhanced the phagocytic ability of macrophages, which implies that NMAAP1 promoted macrophage adhesive and clearance activities. Our results indicate that NMAAP1 is an essential molecule that modulates macrophages phenotype and plays an important role in macrophage tumoricidal functions.
The Role of Lateral Occipitotemporal Junction and Area MT/V5 in the Visual Analysis of Upper-Limb Postures

Humans, like numerous other species, strongly rely on the observation of gestures of other individuals in their everyday life. It is hypothesized that the visual processing of human gestures is sustained by a specific functional architecture, even at an early prelexical cognitive stage, different from that required for the processing of other visual entities. In the present PET study, the neural basis of visual gesture analysis was investigated with functional neuroimaging of brain activity during naming and orientation tasks performed on pictures of either static gestures (upper-limb postures) or tridimensional objects. To prevent automatic object-related cerebral activation during the visual processing of postures, only intransitive postures were selected, i. e. , symbolic or meaningless postures which do not imply the handling of objects. Conversely, only intransitive objects which cannot be handled were selected to prevent gesture-related activation during their visual processing. Results clearly demonstrate a significant functional segregation between the processing of static intransitive postures and the processing of intransitive tridimensional objects. Visual processing of objects elicited mainly occipital and fusiform gyrus activity, while visual processing of postures strongly activated the lateral occipitotemporal junction, encroaching upon area MT/V5, involved in motion analysis. These findings suggest that the lateral occipitotemporal junction, working in association with area MT/V5, plays a prominent role in the high-level perceptual analysis of gesture, namely the construction of its visual representation, available for subsequent recognition or imitation.
Informality and Mobility: Evidence from Russian Panel Data

Informality is a defining characteristic of labor markets in developing and transition countries. This paper analyzes patterns of mobility across different forms of formal and informal employment in Russia. Using the RLMS household panel we estimate a dynamic multinomial logit model with individual heterogeneity and correct for the initial conditions problem. Simulations show that structural state dependence is weak and that transition rates from informal to formal employment are not lower than from other origin states. These results lend support to the integrated view of the labor market.
American Journal of Epidemiology Original Contribution a Cohort Study of Hyperuricemia in Middle-aged South Korean Men

Few prospective studies have assessed the incidence and determinants of asymptomatic hyperuricemia in free-living populations. The authors' goals in this study were to estimate the incidence of hyperuricemia and quantify the dose-response relations of specific risk factors with hyperuricemia in middle-aged South Korean male workers. The authors followed a cohort of 10,802 hyperuricemia-free men aged 30–59 years, examining them annually or biennially at a university hospital in Seoul, South Korea, from 2002 to 2009. A parametric Cox model and a pooled logistic regression model were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios for incident hyperuricemia (defined as serum uric acid level 7.0 mg/dL) according to prespecified risk factors. During 51,210.6 person-years of follow-up, 2,496 men developed hyperuricemia (incidence rate ¼ 48.7 per 1,000 person-years, 95% confidence interval: 46.8, 50.7). The incidence of hyperuricema increased across baseline categories of age, body mass index, alcohol intake, blood pressure, metabolic syndrome, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, triglycerides, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and fatty liver, whereas fasting glucose, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were inversely associated with incident hyperuricemia. Development of hyperuricemia, a very common outcome among apparently healthy South Korean men, was predicted by a variety of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors, suggesting that lifestyle modification may help reduce the incidence of hyperuricemia. Uric acid, the final oxidation product of purine metabolism, is an established cause of gouty arthritis and kidney stones. Elevated serum uric acid levels may also contribute to the development of hypertension, kidney disease, and cardiovas-cular disease. The prevalence of hyperuricemia (serum uric acid concentration 7 mg/dL) in the United States is estimated to be 16% (1), while clinically manifest gout affects 1%–4% of the population in Western countries (2, 3). Uric acid concentrations in men have gradually increased from an average of <3.5 mg/dL in the 1920s to >6.0 mg/dL in the 1970s (4). Changes in dietary patterns and alcohol intake, increased prevalence of insulin resistance and chronic kidney disease, and use of certain medications such as diuretics and aspirin may partly account for the rising prevalence of hyperuricemia and gout (5), but the determinants of hyperuricemia in the general population are incompletely understood. Despite abundant epidemiologic research on hyperuricemia, there have been almost no prospective studies on the incidence and determinants of asymptomatic hyperuricemia. In a 6-year longitudinal study of Japanese male office workers aged 30–54 years, obesity, high blood pressure, high triglyceride levels, and alcohol intake were associated …
Stars in the USNO-B1 Catalog with Proper Motions between 1.0 and 5.0 Arcseconds per Year

This paper examines a subset of objects from the USNO-B1 catalog with listed proper motions between 1. ″0 and 5. ″0 yr-1. We look at the degree of contamination within this range of proper motions and point out the major sources of spurious high proper motion objects. Roughly 0.1% of the objects in the USNO-B1 catalog with listed motions between 1. ″0 and 5. ″0 yr-1 are real. Comparison with the revised version of Luyten's Half-Second Catalogue indicates that USNO-B1 is only about 47% complete for stars in this range. Preliminary studies indicate that there may be a dip in completeness in USNO-B1 for objects with motions near 0. ″1 yr-1. We also present two new stars with motions between 1. ″0 and 5. ″0 yr-1, 36 new stars with confirmed motions between 0. ″1 and 1. ″0 yr-1, several new common proper motion pairs, and the recovery of LHS 237a (VBs3).
Supportive Relationships as Protective for Children Exposed to Violence: Exploring Underlying Mechanisms

SUPPORTIVE RELATIONSHIPS AS PROTECTIVE FOR CHILDRENEXPOSED TO VIOLENCE: EXPLORING UNDERLYING MECHANISMS Jessica L Houston, M.S. Marquette University, 2016 The present study examined supportive relationships with parents, teachers, peers, and neighbors as protective for youths exposed to violence. To explore how support promotes resilience, four potential mediators were examined: secure attachment, adaptive coping, processing traumatic experiences with a supportive person (parent, teacher, friend, or community adult), and an optimistic outlook on life. An at-risk sample of 107 students (71% male) aged 8-19 years (M=15) who were predominantly African American completed measures of violence exposure, social support, attachment security, coping ability, trauma-processing, and optimism. Resilience was assessed with multiple measures that included self-esteem, competence in several domains (social, scholastic, athletic, and creative), and lower levels of externalizing and internalizing symptoms. Together, social support from parents, teachers, peers, and neighbors accounted for significant variance in resilience. Additionally, attachment security, processing trauma with a parent, processing trauma with a friend, adaptive coping, and optimism significantly predicted resilience. Of the four mediators that were examined, processing trauma with a parent and having a more optimistic outlook mediated the relationship between social support and resilience. These results highlight seeking out a parent to process a traumatic or stressful life event and having a positive outlook as a first step in understanding how supportive others can help promote adaptive functioning in youths exposed to violence.
Working Paper Series Complexity and Financial Panics

During extreme financial crises, all of a sudden, the financial world that was once rife with profit opportunities for financial institutions (banks, for short) becomes exceedingly complex. Confusion and uncertainty follow, ravaging financial markets and triggering massive flight-to-quality episodes. In this paper we propose a model of this phenomenon. In our model, banks normally collect information about their trading partners which assures them of the soundness of these relationships. However, when acute financial distress emerges in parts of the financial network, it is not enough to be informed about these partners, as it also becomes important to learn about the health of their trading partners. As conditions continue to deteriorate, banks must learn about the health of the trading partners of the trading partners of the trading partners, and so on. At some point, the cost of information gathering becomes too unmanageable for banks, uncertainty spikes, and they have no option but to withdraw from loan commitments and illiquid positions. A flight-to-quality ensues, and the financial crisis spreads. JEL Codes: E0. Gl, D8, E5
Spices form the basis of food pairing in Indian cuisine

Culinary practices are influenced by climate, culture, history and geography. Molecular composition of recipes in a cuisine reveals patterns in food preferences. Indian cuisine encompasses a number of diverse sub-cuisines separated by geographies, climates and cultures. Its culinary system has a long history of health-centric dietary practices focused on disease prevention and promotion of health. We study food pairing in recipes of Indian cuisine to show that, in contrast to positive food pairing reported in some Western cuisines, Indian cuisine has a strong signature of negative food pairing; more the extent of flavor sharing between any two ingredients, lesser their co-occurrence. This feature is independent of recipe size and is not explained by ingredient category-based recipe constitution alone. Ingredient frequency emerged as the dominant factor specifying the characteristic flavor sharing pattern of the cuisine. Spices, individually and as a category, form the basis of ingredient composition in Indian cuisine. We also present a culinary evolution model which reproduces ingredient use distribution as well as negative food pairing of the cuisine. Our study provides a basis for designing novel signature recipes, healthy recipe alterations and recipe recommender systems.
Mental health, mental disabilities and crime

The relationship between mental disability and crime is complex. The familiar question of whether an individual charged with a criminal offence was ‘mad’ or ‘bad’ or a bit of both has long been superseded by more nuanced questions. What is meant by crime? Who can be held responsible for it? How can culpability be assessed for the purposes of punishment in those with a mental disability? Is treatment (and if so of what nature) more appropriate than punishment? And are those with a mental disability more likely to be at risk from the criminal activities of others, or to present as perpetrators of behavior that harms others, possibly in the most serious of ways? Many of these questions are intractable. But the process through which the criminal justice system deals with those with mental disabilities has been subject to extensive review. The Bradley Report (2009) was an end-to-end examination of the system; it made significant recommendations, many of which have been adopted. The Criminal Justice Joint Inspection (2009) report was similarly critical of the system; and the Law Commission (2013, 2016a and 2016b) has looked at the legal framework for insanity, automatism and unfitness to plead, albeit their recommendations remain merely recommendations. The period of legislative turmoil which did take place concerned amendments to the Mental Health Act 1983 (MHA 1983) which affected offenders with mental disability in more marginal ways than those proposed by the Law Commission. Beyond these policy and legal developments there have been important economic changes. The effects of the recession (Peay 2011a) and the subsequent policies of austerity are hard to assess empirically. But the latter have had a notable effect on police resources, and in a context where some forces have reported up to 40% of their time being spent
Three Wide-Separation L Dwarf Companions from the Two Micron All Sky Survey: Gliese 337C, Gliese 618.1B, and HD 89744B

We present two confirmed wide-separation L dwarf common proper-motion companions to nearby stars and one candidate identified from the Two Micron All Sky Survey. Spectral types from optical spectroscopy are L0 V, L2.5 V, and L8 V. Near-infrared, low-resolution spectra of the companions are provided, as well as a grid of known objects spanning M6 V–T dwarfs to support spectral type assignment for these and future L dwarfs in the z′JHK bands. Using published measurements, we estimate ages of the companions from physical properties of the primaries. These crude ages allow us to estimate companion masses using theoretical low-mass star and brown dwarf evolutionary models. The new L dwarfs in this paper bring the number of known wide-binary (Δ ≥ 100 AU) L dwarf companions of nearby stars to nine. One of the L dwarfs is a wide-separation companion to the F7 IV–V+extrasolar planet system HD 89744Ab.
Categorical data analysis using multiobjective differential evolution based fuzzy clustering

During the last one decade, rapid proliferation of categorical data attracts computer scientists and engineers to analyse the categorical data. In this regard, unsupervised technique, such as clustering has been used by inception of new algorithms or modification of the existing ones. These methods are basically optimizing single objective function to get the partitions. However, optimization of multiple conflicting objectives simultaneously may evolve better clustering results as the multiobjective optimization techniques have been successfully applied in various fields of engineering and science. Hence, in this article, Multiobjective Differential Evolution based Fuzzy Clustering for Categorical Data is proposed. For this purpose, differential evolution is used as an underlying optimization technique. Moreover, the index encoding scheme is used to encode the vector in differential evolution and after the mutation operation in differential evolution, scaling is introduced to adjust the encoded index value within the permissible range of categorical objects. The performance of the proposed method has been demonstrated by comparing it with the widely used state-of-the-art methods for two synthetic and two real life data sets. Finally, statistical test has been conducted to judge the superiority of the proposed method.
Incorporating changes in life expectancy into economic growth rates: an application to Belgium, 1867-1997

Longevity-adjusted growth rates are computed for Belgium over the period 1867-1997, by using a method based on contributions by Usher (1973a, 1980), Williamson (1984) and Miller (2000). Adjusted growth rates substantially differ from conventional figures, which may have tended to underestimate actual well-being improvements, especially during the second half of the 20th century. The analysis of the size of the adjustments, size which varies across periods, reveals that the post-1974 growth slowdown might have been less severe, in terms of social well-being, than suggested by usual measures. Our results, being robust to the introduction of some degree of endogeneity of longevity, seem to avoid the double-counting criticism. Several shortcomings of our method are discussed and some directions are proposed for future research. It is concluded that, thanks to their richer informational basis, longevity-adjusted growth rates constitute promising indicators to complement usual growth measures in the study of social well-being evolution over time.
The Hubble Space Telescope Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale. XXV. A Recalibration of Cepheid Distances to Type Ia Supernovae and the Value of the Hubble Constant

Cepheid-based distances to seven Type Ia supernovae (SNe) host galaxies have been derived using the standard Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale pipeline. For the first time, this allows for a transparent comparison of data accumulated as part of three different HST projects: the Key Project, the Sandage et al. Type Ia supernovae (SNe) program, and the Tanvir et al. Leo I Group study. Reanalyzing the Tanvir et al. galaxy and six Sandage et al. galaxies, we find a mean (weighted) offset in true distance moduli of 0.12 ± 0.07 mag; i.e., 6% in linear distance, in the sense of reducing the distance scale or increasing H0. Adopting the reddening-corrected Hubble relations of Suntzeff et al. tied to a zero point based on SNe 1990N, 1981B, 1998bu, 1989B, 1972E, and 1960F and the photometric calibration of Hill et al. leads to a Hubble constant of H0 = 68 ± 2(random) ± 5(systematic) km s-1 Mpc-1. Adopting the Kennicutt et al. Cepheid period-luminosity-metallicity dependency decreases the inferred H0 by 4%. The H0 result from Type Ia SNe is now in good agreement, to within their respective uncertainties, with that from the Tully-Fisher and surface brightness fluctuation relations.
Temporal abstract classes and virtual temporal specifications for real-time systems

The design and development of real-time systems is often a difficult and time-consuming task. System realization has become increasingly difficult due to the proliferation of larger and more complex applications. To offset some of these difficulties, real-time developers have turned to object-oriented methodology. The success of object-oriented concepts in the development of non-real-time programs motivates the relevance of these concepts to achieve similar gains from encapsulation and code reuse in the real-time domain. This article presents an approach of integrating real-time constraint specifications within the constructs of an object-oriented language, affording these constraints a status equivalent to other language elements. This has led to the definition of such novel concepts as temporal abstract classes, virtual temporal constraints, and temporal specification inheritance, which extends inheritance mechanisms to accommodate real-time constraint specifications. These extensions provide real-time developers with the ability to manage and maintain the temporal behavior of a real-time program in a comparable manner to its functional behavior.
Locality and attachedness‐based temporal social network growth dynamics analysis: A case study of evolving nanotechnology scientific collaboration networks

The rapid advancement of nanotechnology research and development during the past decade presents an excellent opportunity for a scientometric study because it can provide insights into the dynamic growth of the fast‐evolving social networks associated with this field. In this article, we describe a case study conducted on nanotechnology to discover the dynamics that govern the growth process of rapidly advancing scientific‐collaboration networks. This article starts with the definition of temporal social networks and demonstrates that the nanotechnology collaboration network, similar to other real‐world social networks, exhibits a set of intriguing static and dynamic topological properties. Inspired by the observations that in collaboration networks new connections tend to be augmented between nodes in proximity, we explore the locality elements and the attachedness factor in growing networks. In particular, we develop two distance‐based computational network growth schemes, namely the distance‐based growth model (DG) and the hybrid degree and distance‐based growth model (DDG). The DG model considers only locality element while the DDG is a hybrid model that factors into both locality and attachedness elements. The simulation results from these models indicate that both clustering coefficient rates and the average shortest distance are closely related to the edge densification rates. In addition, the hybrid DDG model exhibits higher clustering coefficient values and decreasing average shortest distance when the edge densification rate is fixed, which implies that combining locality and attachedness can better characterize the growing process of the nanotechnology community. Based on the simulation results, we conclude that social network evolution is related to both attachedness and locality factors.
An FMRI Stroop task study of ventromedial prefrontal cortical function in pathological gamblers.

OBJECTIVE Function of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex has been implicated in impulse control. The authors used the Stroop paradigm to test attention and response inhibition during the presentation of congruent and incongruent stimuli in male pathological gamblers and a group of comparison subjects. METHOD Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine ventromedial prefrontal cortex function during Stroop performance. RESULTS In response to infrequent incongruent stimuli, pathological gamblers demonstrated decreased activity in the left ventromedial prefrontal cortex relative to the comparison subjects. Both groups demonstrated similar activity changes in multiple brain regions, including activation of the dorsal anterior cingulate and dorsolateral frontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS Pathological gamblers share many neural correlates of Stroop task performance with healthy subjects but differ in a brain region previously implicated in disorders characterized by poor impulse control.