Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A self-configuring MANET for coverage area adaptation through kinematic control of a platoon of mobile robots

This paper investigates the implementation of a wireless mobile ad-hoc network to guarantee that an autonomously driven mobile vehicle remains connected to a limited-coverage base antenna during its motion. To the purpose, the use of a platoon of mobile robots is proposed to carry a number of repeater antennas; these must be suitably moved to dynamically ensure a multi-hop communication link to the vehicle that extends outside the area covered by the sole base antenna. Self configuration of the robots' platoon is then achieved by a singularity-robust task-priority inverse kinematics algorithm via the definition of suitable task functions. The obtained simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
The Cross-Section of Volatility and Expected Returns

We examine the pricing of aggregate volatility risk in the cross-section of stock returns. Consistent with theory, we find that stocks with high sensitivities to innovations in aggregate volatility have low average returns. Stocks with high idiosyncratic volatility relative to the Fama and French (1993, Journal of Financial Economics 25, 2349) model have abysmally low average returns. This phenomenon cannot be explained by exposure to aggregate volatility risk. Size, book-to-market, momentum, and liquidity effects cannot account for either the low average returns earned by stocks with high exposure to systematic volatility risk or for the low average returns of stocks with high idiosyncratic volatility. IT IS WELL KNOWN THAT THE VOLATILITY OF STOCK RETURNS varies over time. While considerable research has examined the time-series relation between the volatility of the market and the expected return on the market (see, among others, Campbell and Hentschel (1992) and Glosten, Jagannathan, and Runkle (1993)), the question of how aggregate volatility affects the cross-section of expected stock returns has received less attention. Time-varying market volatility induces changes in the investment opportunity set by changing the expectation of future market returns, or by changing the risk-return trade-off. If the volatility of the market return is a systematic risk factor, the arbitrage pricing theory or a factor model predicts that aggregate volatility should also be priced in the cross-section of stocks. Hence, stocks with different sensitivities to innovations in aggregate volatility should have different expected returns. The first goal of this paper is to provide a systematic investigation of how the stochastic volatility of the market is priced in the cross-section of expected stock returns. We want to both determine whether the volatility of the market ∗Ang is with Columbia University and NBER. Hodrick is with Columbia University and NBER. Yuhang Xing is at Rice University. Xiaoyan Zhang is at Cornell University. We thank Joe Chen, Mike Chernov, Miguel Ferreira, Jeff Fleming, Chris Lamoureux, Jun Liu, Laurie Hodrick, Paul Hribar, Jun Pan, Matt Rhodes-Kropf, Steve Ross, David Weinbaum, and Lu Zhang for helpful discussions. We also received valuable comments from seminar participants at an NBER Asset Pricing meeting, Campbell and Company, Columbia University, Cornell University, Hong Kong University, Rice University, UCLA, and the University of Rochester. We thank Tim Bollerslev, Joe Chen, Miguel Ferreira, Kenneth French, Anna Scherbina, and Tyler Shumway for kindly providing data. We especially thank an anonymous referee and Rob Stambaugh, the editor, for helpful suggestions that greatly improved the paper. Andrew Ang and Bob Hodrick both acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation.
Design of feedback controls supporting TCP based on the state-space approach

This paper investigates how to design feedback controls supporting transmission control protocol (TCP) based on the state-space approach for the linearized system of the well-known additive increase multiplicative decrease (AIMD) dynamic model. We formulate the feedback control design problem as state-space models without assuming its structure in advance. Thereby, we get three results that have not been observed by previous studies on the congestion control problem. 1) In order to fully support TCP, we need a proportional-derivative (PD)-type state-feedback control structure in terms of queue length (or RTT: round trip time). This backs up the conjecture in the networking literature that the AQM RED is not enough to control TCP dynamic behavior, where RED can be classified as a P-type AQM (or as an output feedback control for the linearized AIMD model). 2) In order to fully support TCP in the presence of delays, we derive delay-dependent feedback control structures to compensate for delays explicitly under the assumption that RTT, capacity and number of sources are known, where all existing AQMs including RED, REM/PI and AVQ are delay-independent controls. 3) In an attempt to interpret different AQM structures in a unified manner rather than to compare them via simulations, we propose a PID-type mathematical framework using integral control action. As a performance index to measure the deviation of the closed-loop system from an equilibrium point, we use a linear quadratic (LQ) cost of the transients of state and control variables such as queue length, aggregate rate, jitter in the aggregate rate, and congestion measure. Stabilizing gains of the feedback control structures are obtained minimizing the LQ cost. Then, we discuss the impact of the control structure on performance using the PID-type mathematical framework. All results are extended to the case of multiple links and heterogeneous delays.
Efficacy of non-chlorine sanitizer, precooling and modified atmosphere packaging in improving shelf life of tomato during evaporative cooling and CoolBot cold storage

This study combined the use of non-chlorine sanitizer, precooling and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) as prestorage treatments for tomato kept in a simple evaporative cooler (EC) or CoolBot cold storage (CS). Precooling was done by dipping the fruit in 10°C water until fruit temperature decreased to 13-15°C. As a non-chlorine sanitizing treatment, dipping fruit in 0.01% calcinated calcium (CCa) for 5 min at ambient temperature was used. For a combined precooling and sanitizing treatment, 10°C CCa solution was used. Tomatoes were stored in the EC or CS. Ambient storage was included for comparison. Fruits of a summer tomato cultivar, 'BARI Tomato-8', were used in this study. EC temperatures (24.3-27.5°C) were consistently lower and less fluctuating than ambient temperatures (27.8-31.0°C). The CoolBot temperature was maintained at 13±1°C. RH was about 75±2% in CS, whereas it was 75-95% under ambient conditions and 85-99% in the EC. Because of these conditions, together with the relatively high temperatures, fruit rotting was favored and limited the shelf life to 12-13 days, both under ambient conditions and in the EC. Fruit in the CS lasted for 18 days. Rotting affected ˃50% of the fruit on day 15 of ambient storage and of EC storage. In the CS, fruit rotting was first noted on day 9, increased gradually, and reached around 14-18% on day 18. Sanitizing treatment had little effect, but precooling had no extra benefits in reducing rot incidence. MAP significantly reduced weight loss in all storage conditions, showing a greater effect in the CS. Changes in fruit firmness and surface color were delayed significantly in CS compared with ambient conditions or EC storage. After 18 days of storage, the firmness of tomatoes remained higher when stored in CS, showing values of about 5.0 N. Vitamin C content was effectively maintained in the CS, and was about 12.6 mg 100 g-1 after 18 days of storage. EC- and ambient-stored fruit, on the other hand, had similar vitamin C contents at the end of their 12-day storage life.
Delivery of Exogenous Antigens to Induce Cytotoxic CD8+ T Lymphocyte Responses

Vaccines intended to induce a cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell response are highly sought after. However, some of these vaccines can be problematic if they replicate in the host. An alternative strategy is to exploit cross-presentation of exogenous antigens to express peptides on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. During cross-presentation, the delivered exogenous antigen can be taken up and processed through diverse mechanisms. Here, we will discuss the recent advances regarding the complex nature of the cross-priming process and the models that reflect its relevance in vivo. Moreover, we summarize current data that explore potential adjuvants and vaccine vectors that deliver antigens to activate CD8+ T cells relying on cross-presentation.
Constraining AGN triggering mechanisms through the clustering analysis of active black holes

The triggering mechanisms for active galactic nuclei (AGN) are still debated. Some of the most popular ones include galaxy interactions (IT) and disc instabilities (DIs). Using an advanced semi-analytic model (SAM) of galaxy formation, coupled to accurate halo occupation distribution modelling, we investigate the imprint left by each separate triggering process on the clustering strength of AGN at small and large scales. Our main results are as follows: (i) DIs, irrespective of their exact implementation in the SAM, tend to fall short in triggering AGN activity in galaxies at the centre of haloes with Mh > 1013.5? h? 1? M? On the contrary, the IT scenario predicts abundance of active central galaxies that generally agrees well with observations at every halo mass. (ii) The relative number of satellite AGN in DIs at intermediate-to-low luminosities is always significantly higher than in IT models, especially in groups and clusters. The low AGN satellite fraction predicted for the IT scenario might suggest that different feeding modes could simultaneously contribute to the triggering of satellite AGN. (iii) Both scenarios are quite degenerate in matching large-scale clustering measurements, suggesting that the sole average bias might not be an effective observational constraint. (iv) Our analysis suggests the presence of both a mild luminosity and a more consistent redshift dependence in the AGN clustering, with AGN inhabiting progressively less massive dark matter haloes as the redshift increases. We also discuss the impact of different observational selection cuts in measuring AGN clustering, including possible discrepancies between optical and X-ray surveys.
Nitrous oxide emissions by agricultural soils : effect of temperature dynamics ; up-scaling measurements from the plot to the landscape

Les sols agricoles sont la principale source du gaz a effet de serre N₂O. Ces emissions sont caracterisees par une variabilite spatiale et temporelle considerable, ce qui rend tres difficile leur quantification. L’UR SOLS etudie depuis 2008 les emissions de N₂O dans une zone agricole du Centre de la France. Specifiquement, nous avons etudie au laboratoire l’effet de la temperature sur ces emissions et developpe une methode permettant l’estimation des emissions de N₂O a l’echelle du paysage. De facon surprenante, nous avons observe que les emissions de N₂O n’augmentent pas systematiquement avec la temperature. L’indicateur Q₁₀ est apparu, pour les emissions de N₂O, variable avec le temps. L’utilisation de l’acetylene, inhibiteur de la reduction de N2O, a revele que les processus biologiques de production et de consommation de N₂O repondent differemment a la temperature. Les emissions de N₂O mesurees au champ a l’aide de differentes techniques ont permis d’obtenir des resultats coherents, avec des moyennes de 43 μg N- N₂O m⁻² h⁻¹ pour la methode par eddy covariance, 37 μg N- N₂O m⁻² h⁻¹ pour la methode de fast-box et 71 μg N- N₂O m⁻² h⁻¹ pour la methode des chambres automatiques sur un ble fertilise. Des methodes d’attribution des flux ont ete developpees pour determiner de facon exhaustive les variations spatiales et temporelles des emissions de N₂O avec elaboration de cartes originales d’emissions a l’echelle du paysage. L’ensemble de ces resultats pourra etre utilise pour le developpement de modeles de fonctionnement des ecosystemes. Ils vont contribuer a quantifier les emissions de N₂O aux echelles adaptees pour les inventaires et les strategies d’attenuation.
Selection of examples in case-based computer-aided decision systems

Case-based computer-aided decision (CB-CAD) systems rely on a database of previously stored, known examples when classifying new, incoming queries. Such systems can be particularly useful since they do not need retraining every time a new example is deposited in the case base. The adaptive nature of case-based systems is well suited to the current trend of continuously expanding digital databases in the medical domain. To maintain efficiency, however, such systems need sophisticated strategies to effectively manage the available evidence database. In this paper, we discuss the general problem of building an evidence database by selecting the most useful examples to store while satisfying existing storage requirements. We evaluate three intelligent techniques for this purpose: genetic algorithm-based selection, greedy selection and random mutation hill climbing. These techniques are compared to a random selection strategy used as the baseline. The study is performed with a previously presented CB-CAD system applied for false positive reduction in screening mammograms. The experimental evaluation shows that when the development goal is to maximize the system's diagnostic performance, the intelligent techniques are able to reduce the size of the evidence database to 37% of the original database by eliminating superfluous and/or detrimental examples while at the same time significantly improving the CAD system's performance. Furthermore, if the case-base size is a main concern, the total number of examples stored in the system can be reduced to only 2–4% of the original database without a decrease in the diagnostic performance. Comparison of the techniques shows that random mutation hill climbing provides the best balance between the diagnostic performance and computational efficiency when building the evidence database of the CB-CAD system.
From chloroplasts to photosystems: in situ scanning force microscopy on intact thylakoid membranes

Envelope‐free chloroplasts were imaged in situ by contact and tapping mode scanning force microscopy at a lateral resolution of 3–5 nm and vertical resolution of ∼0.3 nm. The images of the intact thylakoids revealed detailed structural features of their surface, including individual protein complexes over stroma, grana margin and grana‐end membrane domains. Structural and immunogold‐assisted assignment of two of these complexes, photosystem I (PS I) and ATP synthase, allowed direct determination of their surface density, which, for both, was found to be highest in grana margins. Surface rearrangements and pigment– protein complex redistribution associated with salt‐induced membrane unstacking were followed on native, hydrated specimens. Unstacking was accompanied by a substantial increase in grana diameter and, eventually, led to their merging with the stroma lamellae. Concomitantly, PS IIα effective antenna size decreased by 21% and the mean size of membrane particles increased substantially, consistent with attachment of mobile light‐harvesting complex II to PS I. The ability to image intact photosynthetic membranes at molecular resolution, as demonstrated here, opens up new vistas to investigate thylakoid structure and function.
Revisiting the intraseasonal, interannual and interdecadal variability of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific

Abstract This paper reviews the recent progress and research on the variability of tropical cyclones (TCs) at different time scales. Specific focus is placed on how different types of external forcings or climatic oscillations contribute to TC variability in the western North Pacific (WNP). At the intraseasonal scale, recent advances on the distinctive impacts of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), the Quasi-biweekly Oscillation, and the asymmetric MJO modulation under different El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) states, as well as the influences of the Pacific–Japan teleconnection, are highlighted. Interannually, recent progress on the influences of the ENSO cycle, different flavors of ENSO, and impacts of Indian Ocean warming is presented. In addition, the uncertainty concerning interdecadal TC variations is discussed, along with the recently proposed modulation mechanisms related to the zonal sea surface temperature gradient, the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation, and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). It is hoped that this study can deepen our understanding and provide information that the scientific community can use to improve the seasonal forecasting of TCs in the WNP.
Weak random sources, hitting sets, and BPP simulations

We show how to simulate any BPP algorithm in polynomial time using a weak random source of min-entropy r/sup /spl gamma// for any /spl gamma/>0. This follows from a more general result about sampling with weak random sources. Our result matches an information-theoretic lower bound and solves a question that has been open for some years. The previous best results were a polynomial time simulation of RP (Saks et al., 1995) and a n(log/sup (k)/n)-time simulation of BPP for fixed k (Ta-Shma, 1996). Departing significantly from previous related works, we do not use extractors; instead we use the OR-disperser of (Saks et al., 1995) in combination with a tricky use of hitting sets borrowed from Andreev et al. (1996). Of independent interest is our new (simplified) proof of the main result of Andreev et al., (1996). Our proof also gives some new hardness/randomness trade-offs for parallel classes.
Crossed immunoelectrophoresis used for bacteriological diagnosis in patients with endocarditis

Sera from 151 patients suspected of having endocarditis were obtained during a period of 3 1/2 years at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen. The sera were examined by crossed immunoelectrophoresis for antibodies to bacteria causing endocarditis. The patients were divided into four groups: 1. Patients with definite endocarditis, 2. Patients with culture‐negative endocarditis, 3. Patients with uncertain endocarditis, and 4. Patients without endocarditis. In sera from patients suffering from endocarditis caused by viridans streptococci, precipitating antibodies were demonstrated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (diagnostic specificity = 86%; diagnostic sensitivity = 100%) while other bacterial etiologies of endocarditis were less reliably demonstrated by this method.
Comment on The 100 Most-Cited Articles Focused on Ultrasound Imaging: A Bibliometric Analysis

Moon et al to our knowledge presents the first bibliometric analysis of the 100 most cited articles focused on ultrasound [1]. Non-cardiac ultrasound is an interdisciplinary imaging modality and consequently only 20% of the most cited articles were published in imaging journals, the remaining 80 % were published in interdisciplinary or subspecialty journals. 83 of the 100 most cited articles were original articles and the included articles appeared to be from nearly exclusively from North America or Europe similar to the findings in a bibliometric study of the medical imaging literature [2]. First reports on clinical applications of new US techniques scored high in both total citations and citations per year [1]
Visual Sentiment Prediction Based on Automatic Discovery of Affective Regions

Automatic assessment of sentiment from visual content has gained considerable attention with the increasing tendency of expressing opinions via images and videos online. This paper investigates the problem of visual sentiment analysis, which involves a high-level abstraction in the recognition process. While most of the current methods focus on improving holistic representations, we aim to utilize the local information, which is inspired by the observation that both the whole image and local regions convey significant sentiment information. We propose a framework to leverage affective regions, where we first use an off-the-shelf objectness tool to generate the candidates, and employ a candidate selection method to remove redundant and noisy proposals. Then, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is connected with each candidate to compute the sentiment scores, and the affective regions are automatically discovered, taking the objectness score as well as the sentiment score into consideration. Finally, the CNN outputs from local regions are aggregated with the whole images to produce the final predictions. Our framework only requires image-level labels, thereby significantly reducing the annotation burden otherwise required for training. This is especially important for sentiment analysis since sentiment can be abstract, and labeling affective regions is too subjective and labor-consuming. Extensive experiments show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches on eight popular benchmark datasets.
Population Structure during the Demise of the Moche (550–850 AD)

Population structure analyses and biodistance comparisons for Middle Moche (550–700 AD), Late Moche (700–850 AD), and Transitional (850–950 AD) period skeletal samples from San José de Moro with a previously reported Middle Moche period sample from Pacatnamú, a nearby Jequetepeque Valley site, and eight samples from Huaca de la Luna and Cerro Oreja, two sites in the Moche Valley, suggest that substantial levels of extralocal gene flow into the Jequetepeque Valley from the adjacent highlands to the east occurred during the demise of the Moche polity there. This process strongly corresponds to evidence for a temporal increase in exotic grave offerings at San José de Moro during the Late Moche and subsequent Transitional periods. The broader implications of these results for our understanding of the demise of the Moche are discussed.
Mitochondrial Genome Assemblies of Elysia timida and Elysia cornigera and the Response of Mitochondrion-Associated Metabolism during Starvation

Abstract Some sacoglossan sea slugs sequester functional plastids (kleptoplasts) from their food, which continue to fix CO2 in a light dependent manner inside the animals. In plants and algae, plastid and mitochondrial metabolism are linked in ways that reach beyond the provision of energy-rich carbon compounds through photosynthesis, but how slug mitochondria respond to starvation or alterations in plastid biochemistry has not been explored. We assembled the mitochondrial genomes of the plastid-sequestering sea slugs Elysia timida and Elysia cornigera from RNA-Seq data that was complemented with standard sequencing of mitochondrial DNA through primer walking. Our data confirm the sister species relationship of the two Sacoglossa and from the analysis of changes in mitochondrial-associated metabolism during starvation we speculate that kleptoplasts might aid in the rerouting or recycling of reducing power independent of, yet maybe improved by, photosynthesis.
Localized Sensor Self-Deployment for Guaranteed Coverage Radius Maximization

Focused coverage is defined as the coverage of a wireless sensor network surrounding a point of interest (POI), and is measured by coverage radius, i.e., minimum distance from POI to uncovered areas. Sensor self-deployment algorithm GRG is designed for autonomous focused coverage formation. It however does not always produce optimal (i.e., maximized) coverage radius. In this paper, we propose optimized GRG, referred to as OGRG, for guaranteed coverage radius maximization, and evaluate its performance in comparison with GRG.