Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Population genetic structure in six sympatric and widespread aquatic plants inhabiting diverse lake environments in China

Abstract Many aquatic plant species are distributed over large areas and diverse environments with populations interconnected by abiotic and biotic mediators. Here, we examined differences and similarities in the population genetic structure of six sympatric and widespread aquatic plant species. We sampled the aquatic species from six Chinese lakes found on plateaus, plains, and different river systems and analyzed them using inter‐simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Samples originating from each lake tended to cluster together. Of the six species, only Nymphoides peltata and Myriophyllum spicatum could be divided into plateau and plain groups, once Taihu Lake individuals were excluded. Genetic similarities between populations connected by the Yangtze River were not consistently higher than unconnected populations. Populations from Taihu Lake and/or Weishanhu Lake were distant from other lake populations for all species except Potamogeton lucens. The Taihu and Weishanhu populations clustered for Ceratophyllum demersum and Typha latifolia. Hydrophilous C. demersum had the lowest gene flow (Nm = 0.913), whereas the entomophilous Hydrocharis dubia (Nm = 2.084) and N. peltata (Nm = 2.204) had the highest gene flow. The genetic relationships among distant populations of aquatic plants reflect the comprehensive effects of environmental selection pressure and biotic and abiotic connectivity. Differences in environmental factors between plateau and plain lakes and long distance hydrochory have limited importance on aquatic plant genetic structures. Among multiple evolutionary forces, gene flow mediated by birds may play the most important role in the formation of genetic patterns in the six species examined. For example, the close genetic relationship between Taihu Lake and Weishanhu Lake populations, each in different river systems and with different climates, may be related to the migration routes of birds. Differences in gene flow among the six aquatic plants may be attributable to different bird‐transport and the fruit traits of each species.
The reception of Ancient Greek tragedy in late Modernity: from the citizen-viewer of the city-state to the consumer-viewer of the global cosmopolis

Ancient Drama constitutes a unique cultural synthesis of elements focusing on the Athenian democracy of the fifth century BC. Its recipient, the Citizen-Spectator of the City-State, was receiving and interpreting the stage spectacle against a back­ground of relatively homogeneous state narratives. Today, however, this relative consensus is very much weakened. The contemporary recipient is more of a Spec­tator-Consumer, rather than a traditional "spectator. " S/he is a consumer with to­tally different world philosophy and sociopolitical background and certainly a dif­ferent memory bank, a bank now enriched by numerous spectacles of ancient drama throughout the world, which, altogether have created dissimilar expectations and demands. And it is at this point that the role of the director gains additional impor­tance and becomes an indispensable mediator between the contemporary spectator and the revisited classical text.
Selective Effects of neuronal-synaptobrevin Mutations on Transmitter Release Evoked by Sustained Versus Transient Ca2+ Increases and by cAMP

Synaptobrevin is a key constituent of the synaptic vesicle membrane. The neuronal-synaptobrevin(n-syb) gene in Drosophilais essential for nerve-evoked synaptic currents, but miniature excitatory synaptic currents (mESCs) remain even in the complete absence of this gene. To further characterize the defect in these mutants, we have examined conditions that stimulate secretion. Despite the inability of an action potential to trigger fusion, high K+ saline could increase the frequency of mESCs 4- to 17-fold in a Ca2+-dependent manner, and the rate of fusion approached 25% of that seen in wild-type synapses under the same conditions. Similarly, the mESC frequency in n-sybnull mutants could be increased by a Ca2+ ionophore, A23187, and by black widow spider venom. Thus, the ability of the vesicles to fuse in response to sustained increases in cytosolic Ca2+ persisted in the absence of this protein. Tetanic stimulation could also increase the frequency of mESCs, particularly toward the end of a train and after the train of stimuli. In contrast, these mutants did not respond to an elevation of cAMP induced by an activator of adenylyl cyclase, forskolin, or a membrane-permeable analog of cAMP, dibutyryl cAMP, which in wild-type synapses causes a marked increase in the mESC frequency even in the absence of external Ca2+. These results are discussed in the context of models that invoke a special role for n-syb in coupling fusion to the transient, local changes in Ca2+ and an as yet unidentified target of cAMP.
Determinants of inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption amongst Portuguese adults.

BACKGROUND A low consumption of fruit and vegetables (F&V) represents a high burden on health. The present study evaluates sociodemographic, lifestyle and anthropometric determinants of an inadequate consumption of F&V (<5 servings per day). METHODS Participants were randomly selected within the adult Porto population (n = 2485). Those with normal cognitive function and information on key variables were analysed (n = 2362). Diet was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by logistic regression, after sex stratification and controlling for age, education, marital status, smoking, regular physical exercise and total energy intake. RESULTS Older women and men had 37% and 67%, respectively, lower odds of inadequate F&V consumption (≥65 versus <40 years: OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.42-0.94; OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.20-0.56). More educated subjects (>12 versus <5 years) and those engaged in regular physical exercise had approximately 50% lower probability of F&V inadequacy compared to nonpractitioners, and this was similar in both sexes. On the other hand, female and male current smokers had 1.86- and 2.05-fold higher probabilities of having inadequate F&V consumption. Individuals consuming excessive alcohol (women: ≥15 g day(-1) ; men: ≥30 g day(-1) ) presented a two- and four-fold higher probability of having inadequate F&V consumption compared to nondrinkers (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.38-2.77 in women; OR = 4.40, 95% CI = 2.70-7.18 in men). CONCLUSIONS In both sexes, an inadequate consumption of F&V was more frequently found in younger, less educated and less physically active subjects with smoking and drinking habits. Strategies aiming to increase F&V consumption should consider these target groups that present a clustering of unhealthy lifestyles.
Human erythrocyte myosin: identification and purification

Human erythrocytes contain an Mr 200,000 polypeptide that cross-reacts specifically with affinity-purified antibodies to the Mr 200,000 heavy chain of human platelet myosin. Immunofluorescence staining of formaldehyde-fixed erythrocytes demonstrated that the immunoreactive myosin polypeptide is present in all cells and is localized in a punctate pattern throughout the cell. Between 20-40% of the immunoreactive myosin polypeptide remained associated with the membranes after hemolysis and preparation of ghosts, suggesting that it may be bound to the membrane cytoskeleton as well as being present in the cytosol. The immunoreactive myosin polypeptide was purified from the hemolysate to approximately 85% purity by DEAE-cellulose chromatography followed by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-400. The purified protein is an authentic vertebrate myosin with two globular heads at the end of a rod-like tail approximately 150-nm long, as visualized by rotary shadowing of individual molecules, and with two light chains (Mr 25,000 and 19,500) in association with the Mr 200,000 heavy chain. Peptide maps of the Mr 200,000 heavy chains of erythrocyte and platelet myosin were seen to be nearly identical, but the proteins are distinct since the platelet myosin light chains migrate differently on SDS gels (Mr 20,000 and 17,000). The erythrocyte myosin formed bipolar filaments 0.3-0.4-micron long at physiological salt concentrations and exhibited a characteristic pattern of myosin ATPase activities with EDTA, Ca++, and Mg++-ATPase activities in 0.5 M KCl of 0.38, 0.48, and less than 0.01 mumol/min per mg. The Mg++-ATPase activity of erythrocyte myosin in 0.06 M KCl (less than 0.01 mumol/min per mg) was not stimulated by the addition of rabbit muscle F-actin. The erythrocyte myosin was present in about 6,000 copies per cell, in a ratio of 80 actin monomers for every myosin molecule, which is an amount comparable to actin/myosin ratios in other nonmuscle cells. The erythrocyte myosin could function together with tropomyosin on the erythrocyte membrane (Fowler, V.M., and V. Bennett, 1984, J. Biol. Chem., 259:5978-5989) in an actomyosin contractile apparatus responsible for ATP-dependent changes in erythrocyte shape.
An overview of the management practices and constrains at the dairy camps in Khartoum State, Sudan

Management, husbandry and constrains facing dairy farms camps at Khartoum State, Sudan were compared from information that were collected by surveying hundred farms via questionnaire, visits and direct interview with farm owners. Higher illiteracy level (36%) was observed among dairy farms owners in the studied camps, moreover, 22% had informal education. Cows were found as the main milk producing animals and the predominant herds (60%) were cross dairy cows (Friesian and local herd). The data illustrated that herd health, trained labours and availability of feeds are the major problems facing dairy herd owners. Also lack of records and the channels of milk marketing were among the constraints facing those farms. The data revealed that the disease control was not satisfactory as most of the labours give the treatment without consultation of veterinarians. Hence the present study recommended the training of animal keepers and labours (formal and vocational) to increase awareness on house designing, rearing, management, feeding. , milk collection points supported by cooling facilities, veterinary services and initiation of collaborative bodies (processing and marketing) are urgently needed.
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Access at the State and County Levels: Evidence From Texas SNAP Administrative Records and the American Community Survey

This report links Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) administrative records from Texas to the American Community Survey (ACS) to estimate SNAP access rates for geographic and demographic subgroups, at both the State and county levels. The linked data allow us to measure SNAP participation more accurately than is possible with household survey data while also allowing us to estimate SNAP eligibility in the population. The large sample size of the ACS enables us to provide a breakdown of access rates by subgroups within the State and for demographic subgroups within the largest counties in Texas. The report provides Texas SNAP administrators with a profile of individuals who may benefit from expanded outreach.
Involving Patients in Weighting Benefits and Harms of Treatment in Parkinson's Disease

Introduction Little is known about how patients weigh benefits and harms of available treatments for Parkinson’s Disease (oral medication, deep brain stimulation, infusion therapy). In this study we have (1) elicited patient preferences for benefits, side effects and process characteristics of treatments and (2) measured patients’ preferred and perceived involvement in decision-making about treatment. Methods Preferences were elicited using a best-worst scaling case 2 experiment. Attributes were selected based on 18 patient-interviews: treatment modality, tremor, slowness of movement, posture and balance problems, drowsiness, dizziness, and dyskinesia. Subsequently, a questionnaire was distributed in which patients were asked to indicate the most and least desirable attribute in nine possible treatment scenarios. Conditional logistic analysis and latent class analysis were used to estimate preference weights and identify subgroups. Patients also indicated their preferred and perceived degree of involvement in treatment decision-making (ranging from active to collaborative to passive). Results Two preference patterns were found in the patient sample (N = 192). One class of patients focused largely on optimising the process of care, while the other class focused more on controlling motor-symptoms. Patients who had experienced advanced treatments, had a shorter disease duration, or were still employed were more likely to belong to the latter class. For both classes, the benefits of treatment were more influential than the described side effects. Furthermore, many patients (45%) preferred to take the lead in treatment decisions, however 10.8% perceived a more passive or collaborative role instead. Discussion Patients weighted the benefits and side effects of treatment differently, indicating there is no “one-size-fits-all” approach to choosing treatments. Moreover, many patients preferred an active role in decision-making about treatment. Both results stress the need for physicians to know what is important to patients and to share treatment decisions to ensure that patients receive the treatment that aligns with their preferences.
The discovery of a low-angle normal fault in the Taurus Mountains: the İvriz detachment and implications concerning the Cenozoic geology of southern Turkey

The Ivriz detachment fault has been determined on the southern border of the Ulukisla basin separating the metamorphic Bolkar Group of the Taurus Mountains and the Paleocene-Lower Eocene Halkapinar formation of basin deposits. The fault dips towards the north and has kinematic indicators (asymmetric grain/grain aggregate porphyroclasts, oblique foliation, and S-C fabrics), suggesting a top-to-the-N-NE sense of shearing. The clastic material originating from the Bolkar Group in the sedimentary units of the Ulukisla basin demonstrates that the detachment fault could have been be active during Latest Cretaceous-Eocene times. The Ivriz detachment may have initiated as part of a high-angle breakaway fault (the Aydos main breakaway fault) in the south of the Ulukisla basin. The breakaway fault then rotated to a low-angle normal fault and its northern continuation played an important role in the exhumation of the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex. This implies that the Upper Cretaceous-Eocene sedimentary basins in central Anatolia were supradetachment basins rather than collision- or arc-related basins as previously suggested.
Expression of the sulfotransferase 1C family: implications for xenobiotic toxicity

Abstract The SULT1C enzymes are a relatively under-studied branch of the cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) multigene family. Concrete information about SULT1C tissue-specific expression, substrate preference, role in physiology and regulation is just emerging in the literature. The role of SULT1Cs in normal physiology is uncertain, but SULT1C-catalyzed sulfonation of thyroid hormones may be a mechanism to titrate the pre-receptor levels of biologically active thyroid hormone in target tissues. Both rat and human cytosolic SULT1Cs are most noted for their ability to bioactivate potent procarcinogens such as N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene. This implicates a possible role for the SULT1Cs as modulators of environmental carcinogen exposure and determinants of neoplastic transformation. In humans, the SULT1Cs are likely to function physiologically in cell proliferation and organogenesis pathways during development, as SULT1Cs appear to be preferentially expressed during fetal life. In recent years, the SULT1C nomenclature as presented in the literature has undergone major changes in response to updated genomic information. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature on the SULT1Cs and to clarify perspectives on SULT1C species differences, tissue-specific expression, nomenclature and role in pathophysiology. The ultimate goal is to understand the undiscovered impact of SULT1C expression on hormone homeostasis and xenobiotic toxicity during human development and as a prelude to disease development later in life.
Intestinal B0AT1 (SLC6A19) and PEPT1 (SLC15A1) mRNA levels in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) reared in fresh water and fed fish and plant protein sources

Abstract The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of diets with descending fish meal (FM) inclusion levels and the addition of salt to the diet containing the lowest FM level on growth performances, feed conversion ratio, and intestinal solute carrier family 6 member 19 (SLC6A19) and oligopeptide transporter 1 (PEPT1) transcript levels, in freshwater-adapted European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). We first isolated by molecular cloning and sequenced a full-length cDNA representing the neutral amino acid transporter SLC6A19 in sea bass. The cDNA sequence was deposited in GenBank database (accession no. KC812315). The twelve transmembrane domains and the ‘de novo’ prediction of the three-dimensional structure of SLC6A19 protein (634 amino acids) are presented. We then analysed diet-induced changes in the mRNA copies of SLC6A19 and PEPT1 genes in different portions of sea bass intestine using real-time RT-PCR. Sea bass were fed for 6 weeks on different diets, with ascending levels of fat or descending levels of FM, which was replaced with vegetable meal. The salt-enriched diet was prepared by adding 3 % NaCl to the diet containing 10 % FM. SLC6A19 mRNA in the anterior and posterior intestine of sea bass were not modulated by dietary protein sources and salt supplementation. Conversely, including salt in a diet containing a low FM percentage up-regulated the mRNA copies of PEPT1 in the hindgut. Fish growth correlated positively with the content of FM in the diets. Interestingly, the addition of salt to the diet containing 10 % FM improved feed intake, as well as specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio.
Multilevel perspectives on pathways to resilient functioning

Throughout the course of the 20th century, increased attention was directed toward the importance of applying a multiple levels of analysis approach to the investigation of normal and atypical developmental processes (Cicchetti & Valentino, 2007). The movement toward a multiple levels of analysis perspective is exemplified by research conducted in the fields of contemporary neuroscience and developmental psychopathology (Cicchetti, 2002). Similar to the historical growth witnessed in neuroscience (Cowan, Harter, & Kandel, 2000), developmental psychopathology has evolved as a field that is the product of the integration of various disciplines (Cicchetti, 1990). The influence of diverse disciplines on developmental psychopathology illustrates the manner in which advances in our knowledge of the operation of developmental processes within particular scientific domains mutually inform each other. These multidisciplinary origins helped to facilitate and forge the emphasis that developmental psychopathologists have placed on the importance of investigating the processes and pathways to maladaptation, psychopathology, and resilience (Cicchetti, 1984, 1993; Cicchetti & Sroufe, 2000). Despite the fact that it has become increasingly apparent that progress toward a process-level understanding of maladaptive, psychopathological, and resilient outcomes will necessitate the implementation of research designs and strategies that call for the simultaneous assessment of multiple domains of variables both within and outside the developing person, this interdisciplinary systems-level approach has yet to be brought to bear in the scientific study of resilience (Cicchetti & Blender, 2004, 2006; Curtis & Cicchetti, 2003; Luthar, Cicchetti, & Becker, 2000). Empirical investigations of resilience over the past 40 years have examined a wide range of psychosocial correlates of, and contributors to, the phenomenon (Luthar, 2006; Luthar & Brown, 2007; Masten, 2007; Masten & Obradović, 2006). In recent years, a number of scientists have urged researchers studying the determinants of resilience to incorporate neurobiological and molecular genetic measures into their investigations of the developmental pathways to resilient functioning (Charney, 2004; Cicchetti & Blender, 2006; Curtis & Cicchetti, 2003). Technological advances in neuroimaging, magnetoencephalography, electroencephalographic recording, neuroendocrinology, and molecular genetics have made it more feasible to conduct
Melatonin, immunity and cost of reproductive state in male European starlings

The effects of reproductive condition and exogenous melatonin on immune function were investigated in castrated European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris. Photorefractory and photostimulated starlings exposed to long days were implanted with melatonin or with blank capsules. Photostimulated starlings with blank capsules exhibited reduced splenocyte proliferation in response to the T–cell mitogen, concanavalin A, compared with the other long-day birds. Exogenous melatonin prevented the suppression of immune function by photostimulation. Photorefractory starlings, with or without melatonin implants, exhibited enhanced immune function compared with photostimulated starlings implanted with blanks. This enhancement was not mediated by endogenous melatonin, but appeared to be related to changes in reproductive state. In addition to the traditional costs of reproduction in birds (e.g. raising of young), there may be a cost of the reproductive state of starlings (i.e. whether they are photorefractory or photostimulated). These data are, we believe, the first to indicate a direct effect of reproductive state on immune function that is independent of both photoperiod (i.e. changes in the duration of melatonin secretion) and gonadal steroids.
Blockchain-based protocol of autonomous business activity for multi-agent systems consisting of UAVs

This article describes a method of organizing the communication protocol, which allows agents of the multiagent system (MAS) to make decisions about their actions. Plan activities and interact with each other to perform tasks of modern industrial and business processes based on cyber-physical systems. The main attention is paid to those multi-agent systems, where autonomous agents — robots or smart things — participate in business processes among people, and their activities are organized in an unreliable and unknown environment. The article shows, how to organize a communication system between agents in a peer-to-peer network using the decentralized Ethereum Blochchain technology and smart contracts. The architecture of protocol of autonomous business activity, based on this communication method is given. As a result, the experience of implementation an autonomous economic system with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) is described.