Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of an Autodiagnostic Adaptive Precision Trainer for Decision Making (ADAPT-DM)

Abstract : The Autodiagnostic Adaptive Precision Trainer for Decision Making (ADAPT-DM) is a framework for adaptive training of decision making skills. The training challenge is that decision making behavior is mostly unobservable with traditional behavioral measures, which generally only give access to outcome performance. This article describes the ADAPT-DM framework, which utilizes physiological sensors, specifically electroencephalography and eye tracking, to detect indicators of implicit cognitive processing relevant to decision making and accomplish the granularity required to pinpoint and process level issues. Using these advanced measures, the trainee's performance on these cognitive processes can be assessed in real time and used to drive smart adaptations that individualize training. As a proof of concept, the ADAPT-DM framework was conceptually applied to the contact evaluation task in submarine navigation. Simulated data from 75 students, grouped into three levels of expertise (novice, intermediate, and expert), were used for principal component analysis to identify skill dimensions that reflect proficiency levels. Then ADAPT-DM's composite diagnosis was performed, which uses an expertise model that integrates automated expert modeling for automated student evaluation machine learning models with eye tracking and electroencephalography data to assess which proficiency level the simulated students actions were most similar to. Based on additional assessments, the diagnostic engine is able to determine whether the student (a) performs to criterion, in which case training could be accelerated, (b) is in an optimal learning state, or (c) is in a nonoptimal learning state for which remediation or mitigation are needed. Using root cause analysis techniques, the ADAPT-DM process level measures then allow instructors to pinpoint where in the decision making process breakdowns occur, so that optimal training adaptations can be implemented.
Impact of Health on Earnings: Individual and District Level Analysis for Pakistan

The present study aims to explore the impact of health on productivity, measured through earnings at both individual level and district level of Pakistan. For individual analysis health is measured by various nutrition intakes (calories, protein and vitamin A) and for district analysis health is measured by nutrition intake as well as through regional health facilities (number of beds per earners and basic health units per earners) by obtaining the data from Household Integrated Economic Survey 2010-2011 and from various Provisional Development of Statistics. The study concludes that health is foremost element to enhance the productivity level. The unequal distribution of nutrition intake and health facilities causes the earnings inequality, to narrow down this earning inequality there is a need for fair distribution of nutrition intake and health facilities.
Contested Roles and Domestic Politics: Reflections on Role Theory in Foreign Policy Analysis and IR Theory

Cantir, Cristian and Juliet Kaarbo. (2011) Contested Roles and Domestic Politics: Reflections on Role Theory in Foreign Policy Analysis and IR Theory. Foreign Policy Analysis, doi: 10.1111/j.1743-8594.2011. 00156.x Many of the strengths of research in Foreign Policy Analysis have been overlooked by role theorists. Role theorists often assume that roles are shared across elites and masses, that elites can manipulate masses, or that public opinion on roles constrains elites. Role theorists also tend to assume that there is a consensus among elites over national roles. Research in Foreign Policy Analysis, on the other hand, demonstrates that foreign policy may be contested both vertically (between elites and masses) and horizontally (among elites) and that these conflicts affect foreign policy decision making and foreign policy behavior. We propose that (i) contested roles mean that roles and foreign policy are not as stable as is often implied; (ii) research on contested roles offers Foreign Policy Analysis a less preference-oriented way of conceptualizing policy disagreements and decision making; and (iii) structures reveal themselves as important when agents use them in domestic discourse over contested roles, but the impact of international norm and role structures is not automatic, as it is shaped by the agents (and domestic structures) in the domestic political process. We suggest that research on the strategic use of roles could bring together these benefits of examining contested roles.
Increased erythrocyte phosphatidylserine exposure in sickle cell disease: flow-cytometric measurement and clinical associations.

Increased exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) in erythrocytes has been postulated to contribute to the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease because of its possible effects on blood coagulation, cell adhesion, and cell clearance. We developed a flow-cytometric assay to measure exposure of PS on the outer face of the erythrocyte membrane based on addition of fluorescein-annexin V to whole-blood specimens. The assay correlated linearly with binding of 125I-annexin V (r2 = .95, n = 125 samples). Normal donors (n = 30) showed virtually no annexin-positive cells (0.34% +/- 0.18% for 24-hour old samples). In contrast, annexin V binding was above the upper limit of normal in 96% of 205 specimens from 17 adult sickle cell and 2 beta-thalassemia patients; the mean percentage of annexin-positive cells was 2.86% +/- 2.00% (range, 0.4% to 12.0%). Values varied substantially over time for some patients, and mean values varied between patients. The percentage of annexin-positive cells always decreased after transfusion (11 events in 6 patients), and out of proportion to the amount of blood transfused. In conclusion, increased exposure of PS on a subpopulation of erythrocytes in vivo is a virtually universal feature of sickle cell disease, and its measurement may be useful to evaluate clinical status and response to therapeutic measures such as blood transfusion.
Morphologic Changes of the Ascending Colon during Experimental Ischemia and Reperfusion in Ponies

The morphologic changes following ascending colon volvulus result from the interaction of inflammatory and coagulation mediators. The objective of this study was to establish a quantifiable histopathologic scoring system to evaluate the serial pathomorphologic changes during ischemia and reperfusion. Such a scoring system could then be applied to subsequent studies designed to attenuate bowel lesions by regulating activity of individual mediators. Ten normal, healthy adult ponies were randomly divided into two equal groups. Following anesthesia and a 30-minute stabilization period, the colon of ponies in the experimental group was twisted 720°: for 2 hours of ischemia and then untwisted for 2 hours of reperfusion. The control ponies underwent 4 hours of anesthesia. Full-thickness colonic biopsy specimens were obtained from the antimessenteric border of the pelvic flexure and prepared for light and transmission electron microscopy at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after twisting. The mean histopathology score at 0 hours for control ponies was 1.2 and remained unchanged; the score for the experimental ponies was 1.8 and progressed to 4.2 by 4 hours. At 2 hours of ischemia, there was edema of the submucosa and lamina propria attributable to accumulation of platelets, fibrin, and neutrophils in capillaries of the lamina propria. The morphologic changes in experimental ponies progressed to complete destruction of the mucosa with congestion, hemorrhage, and microvascular thrombosis. Mean histopathology scores of control and experimental ponies were significantly different at 1 hour of ischemia, and lesions progressively worsened through the reperfusion period. The morphologic changes observed in this study accurately reflect those changes reported in horses with naturally occurring colonic volvulus and can serve as a reference for subsequent studies on attenuating bowel injury.
Voltage and energy loss assessment for systems with smart inverter functions of rooftop solar

In order to coordinate controlling devices of utilities in medium-voltage networks with large-scale photovoltaic (PV) inverters, a revelation of clustered impacts of rooftop solar panels in PV dominated low-voltage networks is necessary. This paper first investigates impacts of smart functions on system performance if they are installed in rooftop solar inverters. An optimization is then formulated based on conflicts that have been revealed. Through simulations in a typical Japan low-voltage system with real data, investigation and optimization results show that optimal inverter settings for rooftop solar are feasible and they could help improve system performance.
Fostering innovation: The role of market orientation and organizational learning

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study empirically the relationships between market orientation, organizational learning, innovation and performance. Design/methodology/approach – This paper formulates some hypotheses from the literature review. These hypotheses are tested using structural equations modelling with data collected from 744 firms. Findings – Findings show that, although market orientation and organizational learning foster innovation, the effect of the latter is comparatively higher. Moreover, the impact of market orientation and organizational learning on performance is completely mediated by innovation. Research limitations/implications – The main limitations of this paper are the cross‐sectional design of the research and the use of single informants for collecting the data. Apart from overcoming these limitations, for future research it is suggested that: studying the likely causal relation between market orientation and organizational learning; taking into account information about how radical the innovation is; and including the degree of dynamism of the market as a likely moderator of the relations proposed in the model. Practical implications – The paper provides evidence, first, that companies should be more innovative in order to increase performance. Second, that both adopting market orientation and improving the organizational learning processes of the company have a positive impact on innovation. And third, that innovation mediates the relation between market orientation and organizational learning, and performance. Originality/value – This paper jointly examines in the same model the little‐researched links between market orientation, organizational learning, innovation and performance.
A European Spectrum of Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers: Implications for Clinical Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics aims to correlate inter-individual differences of drug efficacy and/or toxicity with the underlying genetic composition, particularly in genes encoding for protein factors and enzymes involved in drug metabolism and transport. In several European populations, particularly in countries with lower income, information related to the prevalence of pharmacogenomic biomarkers is incomplete or lacking. Here, we have implemented the microattribution approach to assess the pharmacogenomic biomarkers allelic spectrum in 18 European populations, mostly from developing European countries, by analyzing 1,931 pharmacogenomics biomarkers in 231 genes. Our data show significant inter-population pharmacogenomic biomarker allele frequency differences, particularly in 7 clinically actionable pharmacogenomic biomarkers in 7 European populations, affecting drug efficacy and/or toxicity of 51 medication treatment modalities. These data also reflect on the differences observed in the prevalence of high-risk genotypes in these populations, as far as common markers in the CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A5, VKORC1, SLCO1B1 and TPMT pharmacogenes are concerned. Also, our data demonstrate notable differences in predicted genotype-based warfarin dosing among these populations. Our findings can be exploited not only to develop guidelines for medical prioritization, but most importantly to facilitate integration of pharmacogenomics and to support pre-emptive pharmacogenomic testing. This may subsequently contribute towards significant cost-savings in the overall healthcare expenditure in the participating countries, where pharmacogenomics implementation proves to be cost-effective.
Candida in oral leukoplakias. A histologic and exfoliative cytologic study.

— Oral leukoplakias and clinically normal mucosa of 226 patients were examined by smear or biopsy or both. From the biopsies eleven consecutive sections were evaluated, the first section being stained with hematoxylin-eosin and the following ten with PAS. Clinically normal mucosa did not show Candida, whereas Candida was present in 31 % of the biopsied leukoplakias. Eight of the 30 Candida-invaded biopsies did not contain the hyphae in all ten PAS-stained sections. Had only one section been evaluated per biopsy, the risk of arriving at a false negative diagnosis was estimated to be 13 %. 40% of leukoplakia biopsies invaded by Candida showed atypia and 67 % of all atypias were associated with Candida. No relationship between intensity of Candida invasion and presence of atypia could be demonstrated.
Effects of government programs to raise milk prices: Academic economists and public policy

The Northeast Dairy Compact benefited milk suppliers (and allied input suppliers) and harmed those on the fluid milk demand side in the Compact region, while having opposite impacts on these groups outside the Compact region. These simulation results leave many questions unanswered, but seem relatively robust. Simulations require many assumptions, but so do all other approaches to policy analysis. The specific policy question addressed and available data determine the most promising approach. In some cases, as with the evaluating effects of the Compact, a variety of approaches to policy analysis are complementary. lEconLit citations: Q18, Q13, L10, L43r. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 21: 473-476, 2005.
Effective fault location technique in three-terminal transmission line using Hilbert and discrete wavelet transform

In this paper, an effective fault location technique based on transient voltage signals for three terminal lines using digital signal processing (DSP) method is proposed. In the proposed method, to locate the faults, Hilbert transform (HT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) have been used. These methods have been applied to the modal components of synchronized voltage signals. Then, by extracting the arrival time of first wave head at all terminals and a comparison between these arrival times, the algorithm of fault section identification and fault location calculation are presented. The simulated signals corresponding to different fault conditions are obtained from PSCAD/EMTDC environment and using frequency-dependent transmission line. MATLAB software is used to analyze the voltage signals and to calculate the fault location. Numerical results shows the accurate performance of the proposed methods under different fault conditions for three-terminal transmission lines.
An Estimated Model of Entrepreneurial Choice under Liquidity Constraints

Is the capital function distinct from the entrepreneurial function in modern economies? Or does a person have to be wealthy before he or she can start a business? Knight and Schumpeter held different views on the answer to this question. Our empirical findings side with Knight: Liquidity constraints bind, and a would-be entrepreneur must bear most of the risk inherent in his venture. The reasoning is roughly this: The data show that wealthier people are more inclined to become entrepreneurs. In principle, this could be so because the wealthy tend to make better entrepreneurs, but the data reject this explanation. Instead, the data point to liquidity constraints: capital is essential for starting a business, and liquidity constraints tend to exclude those with insufficient funds at their disposal.
A confocal and electron microscopic study of contacts between 5‐HT fibres and feline dorsal horn interneurons in pathways from muscle afferents

Morphological substrates of actions of serotonin upon dorsal horn interneurons with input from group II muscle afferents were investigated by using two experimental approaches. Twelve interneurons were intracellularly labelled with rhodamine‐dextran, and serotoninergic fibres were identified by immunofluorescence. Appositions between the serotoninergic axons and these interneurons were examined with a dual‐channel confocal microscope. A further four interneurons were intracellularly labelled with horseradish peroxidase, and serotoninergic axons were identified by immunocytochemistry; these neurons were prepared for combined light and electron microscopy. Confocal microscopy revealed serotoninergic varicosities in apposition to both cell bodies and dendrites. Similar total numbers of appositions were found on the soma, and on dendrites within 100 μm from the soma, on the most completely labelled neurons. The number of appositions on 100‐μm segments of dendrites decreased with increasing distances from the soma (from 14.6 within 100 μm, to 3.8 and 2.4 at 100–300 μm, and more than 300 μm distances, respectively). Electron microscopic analysis of two neurons revealed that few of the apparent contacts on cell bodies were synaptic, but, in contrast, many varicosities apposed to proximal dendrites formed synapses. The evidence suggests that serotonin may have more powerful synaptic effects upon the dendrites of this class of dorsal horn interneurons than on their cell bodies. J. Comp. Neurol. 387:430–438, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Applying employer brand management to employee engagement

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the degree to which employer brand management is being deployed to support internal employee engagement, in addition to its more common application in external image building and talent acquisition.Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents findings from an international benchmark survey conducted among 104 companies actively involved in employer brand development, alongside a more detailed examination of the development process and measures of success applied by one of the benchmark participants, Coca‐Cola Hellenic.Findings – This paper demonstrates a trend towards organizations taking a more integrated internal/external approach to employer brand development and management, with practical case study material detailing how a major European soft drinks company, Coca‐Cola Hellenic, created an employee value proposition that could provide a central reference point for both its employee engagement strategy and recruitment communication.Practical implications – Empl.
The Political Economy of Water Policy in Israel: Theory and Practice

This article argues that the power of a sectorial interest group and its influence on public policy can be evaluated according to the level of centralization of the political, economic and bureaucratic systems, as well as the level and type of political participation at the social level. The essay presents the basic models dealing with these issues within public choice theory, and applies them to water policy in Israel. The article shows that inefficiencies related to this policy can be explained in the light of the motivation of politicians to be reelected, the centralization of most systems and the one-dimensional political agenda. The analysis draws comparative implications regarding the impact of forms of political participation and politician-bureaucrat relations in terms of public policy.
The creation of the European economic and monetary union (EMU): intergovernmental negotiations and two-level games

The European economic and monetary union (EMU) is widely viewed as one of the most important developments in recent European integration. But it is less clear why EMU was started at all, and, more specifically,what the role of individual European Community (EC) member states has been in this process. Most importantly, some puzzling questions arise when trying to establish why Germany favored EMU, and as to its relative importance in the intergovernmental EMU negotiations. This article focuses on the negotiations that led to the establishment of the EMU. It first describes the environment in which the decision was made to move from the existing European monetary system (EMS) to EMU. It then seeks to explain howagreement was reached on EMU and on its institutional provisions and timing as foreseen in the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and its Protocols. In order to explain this, the article resorts to a data base that contains information on the preferences that EC governments held with respect to different aspects of EMU. In addition, it employs simple negotiation models to explore these issues and looks into possible two-level game dynamics that may have influenced the intergovernmental bargaining processs.
National survey of oral health status of children and adults in Turkey.

OBJECTIVES To estimate the severity of dental caries and the periodontal status of children and adults in Turkey. BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN This cross-sectional study was undertaken between September 2004 and February 2005. The Turkish Statistics Institute (TSI) selected a representative sample using the proportional stratified sampling method. The selected ages/age groups were 5, 12, 15, 35-44 and 65-74. At the end of the study, 7,833 individuals had been reached. Dental students were calibrated and examinations were done according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines during home visits. RESULTS Only 30.2% of the 5-year-old group was caries-free, and the mean dmft was 3.7. Mean DMFT was 1.9 in 12- year-olds, 2.3 in 15-year-olds, 10.8 in 35-44-year-olds, and 25.8 in 65-74-year-olds. In both adolescents and adults, the prevalence of caries was higher among females than in males. In rural areas, the prevalence of caries was high among 5-year-olds, while DMFT was high in the elderly. The prevalence of dental caries was similar for 12- and 15-year-olds in urban and rural areas. Slightly less than half (48.0%) of 65-74 year-olds were edentulous. Healthy periodontal tissue was noted in 56.2% of fifteen-year-olds. In the 35-44 yr-old age group, calculus problems were high (62.6%), and 1.2% had attachment losses of 6 mm or greater. Rural subjects had more severe periodontal problems than their urban counterparts. CONCLUSION Community-based oral disease prevention programs are needed urgently for the promotion of oral health in Turkey.
A System of Profound Consciousness: Building beyond Deming

W. Edwards Deming's System of Profound Knowledge has long been acknowledged as the gold standard of quality management theory with many organisations operationalising this system in its highly consumable form known as ‘14 Points for Management’. In the late 1990s, a next stage in the evolution of the System of Profound Knowledge was proposed, but not elaborated. That system, which is herein called a System of Profound Consciousness, is both developed and elaborated.