Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The KEY to lexical semantic representations

It is widely accepted that the semantic content of a lexical entry determines to a large extent its syntactic subcategorization or other contexts of occurrence. However, clarifying the precise extent to which this hypothesis holds has proven difficult and on occasion controversial. To maintain this hypothesis, scholars have in many difficult cases introduced syntactic diacritics in their lexical semantic representations, thereby running the risk of rendering it vacuous. Our answer to this challenge is two-fold. First, on the substantive side, we argue that the problem lies in the assumption that the semantic content of lexical entries consists of a recursive predicate-argument structure. In contrast, we claim that the semantic content of lexical entries can consist of a set of such structures, thus eschewing semantically unmotivated predicates that merely ensure the correct semantic geometry. Second, on the structural side, we suggest that the semantic content of words can idiosyncratically select one of those predicate-argument structures for the purposes of direct grammatical function assignment. We show that this hypothesis, which builds on independently motivated proposals regarding the form of underspecified natural language semantic representations, provides a clean account of linking phenomena related to several classes of predicators: verbs whose denotata require the presence of an instrument, the semantic role of French ‘adjunct’ clitics, commercial event verbs, the spray/load alternations, and lexical subordination constructions.
Formation of the Y Feature at the Venusian Cloud Top by Planetary‐Scale Waves and the Mean Circulation: Analysis of Venus Express VMC Images

The relationship between the planetary‐scale ultraviolet contrast known as the Y feature and the wind field at the Venusian cloud top was investigated by using images obtained by Venus Monitoring Camera (VMC) on ESA's Venus Express. Spectral analyses of the ultraviolet reflectivity and the wind field revealed common periodicities of 4–5 Earth days, which are attributed to Kelvin and Rossby waves with a zonal wave number of unity. Combined with the morphological relationship between the dark streaks and the enhancement of poleward flow, we propose a mechanism for the formation of the Y feature: The dark materials are supplied to the cloud top in the equatorial region by a Kelvin wave, subsequently advected poleward by the mean meridional circulation and a Rossby wave, and then stretched by the midlatitude jet to the tilted band structures. A simplified transport model was developed to demonstrate the scenario.
Amphiphiles at Interfaces: Fundamentals and Applications in Dispersions

xi Chapter 1 . 1 Overview of Dissertation: Fundamental Contributions and Future Prospects 1.1. Amphiphiles on Interfaces: Introduction and Open Questions . 2 1.1.1. Chapter 2: Literature Review of PEO-Containing Amphiphile Adsorption . 5 1.1.2. Chapter 3: Influence of Short PEO Homopolymers on Amphiphile Adsorption . 6 1.1.3. Chapter 4: Modification of Amphiphile Adsorption and Self-Assembly by Salts . 7 1.1.4. Chapter 5: Structure-Property Relationships in Amphiphile Self-Assembly . 9 1.2. Fundamental Contributions and Novelty of Present Work . 11 1.3. Future Directions . 13 1.4. Publications by A.M. Bodratti not Included in this Dissertation . 16 References for Chapter 1 . 17 Chapter 2 . 24 Adsorption of Poly(ethylene oxide)-Containing Amphiphilic Polymers on Solid-Liquid Interfaces: Fundamentals and Applications (Bodratti A.M., Sarkar B., Alexandridis P. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 2017, 244: 132-163. DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.09.003) v Chapter 2 Abstract . 25 2.
Ethical and privacy issues in the application of learning analytics

The large-scale production, collection, aggregation, and processing of information from various learning platforms and online environments have led to ethical and privacy concerns regarding potential harm to individuals and society. In the past, these types of concern have impacted on areas as diverse as computer science, legal studies and surveillance studies. Within a European consortium that brings together the EU project LACE, the SURF SIG Learning Analytics, the Apereo Foundation and the EATEL SIG dataTEL, we aim to understand the issues with greater clarity, and to find ways of overcoming the issues and research challenges related to ethical and privacy aspects of learning analytics practice. This interactive workshop aims to raise awareness of major ethics and privacy issues. It will also be used to develop practical solutions to advance the application of learning analytics technologies.
The Influence of Dietary Protein Deficiency on the Performance of Isolated Muscle Preparations from the Rat Left Ventricle

The contractile performance of isolated muscle preparations from the left ventricle of rats receiving a 3% casein protein deficient diet for two to three weeks was compared with the performance of muscle preparations from animals receiving a normal diet. The right and left ventricular weights from protein deficient animals were significantly decreased, but left ventricle/body weight and right ventricular/body weight ratios did not differ from control animals. The performance of the isolated muscle preparations revealed no differences in the following parameters measured at the apex of the length tension curve: peak active tension, resting tension, maximum rate of tension development and time to peak tension. RT1/2, an index of relaxation, and maximum rate of tension decline indicated relaxation rate was increased in preparations from protein deficient animals. We conclude that, while a protein deficient diet of two to three weeks duration results in proportionate decreases in body and cardiac chamber weight in comparison to control animals, no evidence for impaired contractile activity is seen.
Increased Beta Activity Links to Impaired Emotional Control in ADHD Adults With High IQ

Objective: The present study investigated the neuropathology of everyday-life executive function (EF) deficits in adults with ADHD with high IQ. Method: Forty adults with ADHD with an IQ ≥ 120 and 40 controls were recruited. Ecological EFs were measured, and eyes-closed Electroencephalograph (EEG) signals were recorded during a resting-state condition; EEG power and correlations with impaired EFs were analyzed. Results: Compared with controls, the ADHD group showed higher scores on all clusters of EF. The ADHD group showed globally increased theta, globally decreased alpha, and increased central beta activity. In the ADHD group, central beta power was significantly related to emotional control ratings, while no such correlation was evident in the control group. Conclusion: The results suggest that resting-state beta activity might be involved in the neuropathology of emotional control in adults with ADHD with high IQ.
Third-generation ELISA thyrotropin-receptor antibody levels as an adjuvant tool to guide management of patients with Graves orbitopathy.

OBJECTIVE When assessing patients with Graves orbitopathy (GO) in an endocrinology outpatient setting, it is desirable to have a diagnostic laboratory tool to complement the clinical activity score (CAS) in distinguishing patients with moderate-severe active GO requiring high-priority ophthalmological care from those with mild or inactive GO who can be electively scheduled and to asses response to treatment. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between thyrotropin-receptor antibody (TRAb)-Fast-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results and CAS in patients with GO seen at a tertiary referral center between 2000 and 2009. TRAb levels were quantified using a commercial third-generation TRAb-specific ELISA. Other variables analyzed included smoking status, gender, age, and thyroid-stimulating hormone level. RESULTS Fifty-five patients with GO had a documented CAS within a mean of 22 days from the recorded TRAb level determined by TRAb-Fast-ELISA. An increase in TRAb-Fast-ELISA of 1 unit was associated with a 15% (95% confidence interval, 7-24%) increase in the odds ratio of elevated CAS. A TRAb-Fast-ELISA result ≥10 as a diagnostic tool to predict a CAS ≥3 was assessed and was found to have a specificity of 86.7% and a sensitivity of 87.2% for moderately severe GO. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the ability to predict a patient's GO activity level by antibody titer. A TRAb-Fast-ELISA result ≥10 can be used as a complementary diagnostic tool to predict a CAS ≥3.
Ribosome Inactivating Proteins from Rosaceae

Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are widespread among higher plants of different taxonomic orders. In this study, we report on the RIP sequences found in the genome/transcriptome of several important Rosaceae species, including many economically important edible fruits such as apple, pear, peach, apricot, and strawberry. All RIP domains from Rosaceae share high sequence similarity with conserved residues in the catalytic site and the carbohydrate binding sites. The genomes of Malus domestica and Pyrus communis contain both type 1 and type 2 RIP sequences, whereas for Prunus mume, Prunus persica, Pyrus bretschneideri, and Pyrus communis a complex set of type 1 RIP sequences was retrieved. Heterologous expression and purification of the type 1 as well as the type 2 RIP from apple allowed to characterize the biological activity of the proteins. Both RIPs from Malus domestica can inhibit protein synthesis. Furthermore, molecular modelling suggests that RIPs from Rosaceae possess three-dimensional structures that are highly similar to the model proteins and can bind to RIP substrates. Screening of the recombinant type 2 RIP from apple on a glycan array revealed that this type 2 RIP interacts with terminal sialic acid residues. Our data suggest that the RIPs from Rosaceae are biologically active proteins.
News Shocks and Business Cycles

This article considers the question, raised by Beaudry and Portier in their recent articles, of whether "news shocks" can lead to expansions and contractions that look like business cycle movements. News shocks are to be thought of solely as affecting expectations (regarding future events) and thus do not influence current resource restrictions at all. So the question is, for example, whether news about lower future productivity could lead our key aggregate variables—consumption, investment, and employment—to co-move down now. Beaudry and Portier make the point that standard neoclassical models clearly will not allow this outcome, and they, along with other researchers in follow-up work, suggest elaborations on the standard model that would. In the present research, we review this literature and propose a very simple model that does quite well in predicting co-movements in response to news shocks. The model is based on a departure from competitive labor markets: It uses a standard Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides view that unemployment is determined as a function of search/matching frictions.
Strong influence of the littoral zone on sedimentary lipid biomarkers in a meromictic lake

Planktonic sulfur bacteria growing in zones of photic zone euxinia (PZE) are important primary producers in stratified, sulfur‐rich environments. The potential for export and burial of microbial biomass from anoxic photic zones remains relatively understudied, despite being of fundamental importance to interpreting the geologic record of bulk total organic carbon (TOC) and individual lipid biomarkers. Here we report the relative concentrations and carbon isotope ratios of lipid biomarkers from the water column and sediments of meromictic Mahoney Lake. The data show that organic matter in the central basin sediments is indistinguishable from material at the lake shoreline in both its lipid and carbon isotopic compositions. However, this material is not consistent with either the lipid profile or carbon isotope composition of biomass obtained directly from the region of PZE. Due to the strong density stratification and the intensive carbon and sulfur recycling pathways in the water column, there appears to be minimal direct export of the sulfur‐oxidizing planktonic community to depth. The results instead suggest that basinal sediments are sourced via the littoral environment, a system that integrates an indigenous shoreline microbial community, the degraded remains of laterally rafted biomass from the PZE community, and detrital remains of terrigenous higher plants. Material from the lake margins appears to travel downslope, traverse the strong density gradient, and become deposited in the deep basin; its final composition may be largely heterotrophic in origin. This suggests an important role for clastic and/or authigenic minerals in aiding the burial of terrigenous and mat‐derived organic matter in euxinic systems. Downslope or mineral‐aided transport of anoxygenic, photoautotrophic microbial mats may have been a significant sedimentation process in early Earth history.
Cooperation between Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Intermediates in Killing of Rhodococcus equi by Activated Macrophages

ABSTRACT Rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular bacterium of macrophages which can infect immunocompromised humans and young horses. In the present study, we examine the mechanism of host defense against R. equi by using a murine model. We show that bacterial killing is dependent upon the presence of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), which activates macrophages to produce reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates. These two radicals combine to form peroxynitrite (ONOO−), which kills R. equi. Mice deficient in the production of either the high-output nitric oxide pathway (iNOS−/−) or the oxidative burst (gp91phox−/−) are more susceptible to lethalR. equi infection and display higher bacterial burdens in their livers, spleens, and lungs than wild-type mice. These in vivo observations, which implicate both nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O2−) in bacterial killing, were reexamined in cell-free radical-generating assays. In these assays, R. equi remains fully viable following prolonged exposure to high concentrations of either nitric oxide or superoxide, indicating that neither compound is sufficient to mediate bacterial killing. In contrast, brief exposure of bacteria to ONOO− efficiently kills virulent R. equi. The intracellular killing of bacteria in vitro by activated macrophages correlated with the production of ONOO− in situ. Inhibition of nitric oxide production by activated macrophages by usingNG-monomethyl-l-arginine blocks their production of ONOO− and weakens their ability to control rhodococcal replication. These studies indicate that peroxynitrite mediates the intracellular killing of R. equiby IFN-γ-activated macrophages.
Learning with Many Irrelevant Features

In many domains, an appropriate inductive bias is the MIN-FEATURES bias, which prefers consistent hypotheses definable over as few features as possible. This paper defines and studies this bias. First, it is shown that any learning algorithm implementing the MIN-FEATURES bias requires Θ(1/e ln 1/δ+ 1/e[2p + p ln n]) training examples to guarantee PAC-learning a concept having p relevant features out of n available features. This bound is only logarithmic in the number of irrelevant features. The paper also presents a quasi-polynomial time algorithm, FOCUS, which implements MIN-FEATURES. Experimental studies are presented that compare FOCUS to the ID3 and FRINGE algorithms. These experiments show that-- contrary to expectations--these algorithms do not implement good approximations of MIN-FEATURES. The coverage, sample complexity, and generalization performance of FOCUS is substantially better than either ID3 or FRINGE on learning problems where the MIN-FEATURES bias is appropriate. This suggests that, in practical applications, training data should be preprocessed to remove irrelevant features before being given to ID3 or FRINGE.
Robust Distributed Power Control in Cognitive Radio Networks

We propose a robust distributed uplink power allocation algorithm for underlay cognitive radio networks (CRNs) with a view to maximizing the social utility of secondary users (SUs) when channel gains from SUs to primary base stations, and interference caused by primary users (PUs) to the SUs' base station are uncertain. In doing so, we utilize the worst case robust optimization to keep the interference caused by SUs to each primary base station below a given threshold, and satisfy each SU's quality of service in terms of its required SINR for all realizations of uncertain parameters. We model each uncertain parameter by a bounded distance between its estimated and exact values, and formulate the robust power allocation problem via protection values for constraints. We demonstrate that the convexity of our problem is preserved, and converts into a geometric programming problem, which we solve via a distributed algorithm by using Lagrange dual decomposition. To reduce the cost of robustness, defined as the reduction in the social utility of SUs and the increase in message passing, we utilize the D-norm approach to trade off between robustness and optimality, and propose a distributed power allocation algorithm with infrequent message passing. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Outcomes of Cleft Palate Repair in Patients with Pierre Robin Sequence: A Matched Case-Control Study

Background: Pierre Robin sequence results from a cascade of events that occur during embryologic development and frequently presents with cleft palate. Some studies have shown speech outcomes to be worse in patients with Pierre Robin sequence after cleft palate repair. Methods: A cohort of Pierre Robin sequence patients who all required an airway intervention and nasogastric feeding in the neonatal period were identified and speech outcomes assessed at 5 years of age. A cleft- and sex-matched non–Pierre Robin sequence, cleft palate–only comparison group was also identified from the same institution and study period. Results: A total of 24 patients with Pierre Robin sequence that required airway and nutritional support in the neonatal period were matched for age, sex, and cleft type to a group of 24 non–Pierre Robin sequence cleft patients. There was no significant difference in the incidence of oronasal fistula between the groups. Secondary surgery for velopharyngeal incompetence was significantly more (p = 0.017) in the Pierre Robin sequence group, who also had significantly greater nasality (p = 0.031) and cleft speech characteristic (p = 0.023) scores. Conclusions: The authors hypothesize that other factors may exist in Pierre Robin sequence that may lead to poor speech outcomes. The authors would suggest counseling parents of children with Pierre Robin sequence that have required a neonatal airway intervention, that speech development may be poorer than in other children with cleft palate, and that these children will have a significantly higher incidence of secondary speech surgery. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Risk, II.
Inferring Tree Causal Models of Cancer Progression with Probability Raising

Existing techniques to reconstruct tree models of progression for accumulative processes, such as cancer, seek to estimate causation by combining correlation and a frequentist notion of temporal priority. In this paper, we define a novel theoretical framework called CAPRESE (CAncer PRogression Extraction with Single Edges) to reconstruct such models based on the notion of probabilistic causation defined by Suppes. We consider a general reconstruction setting complicated by the presence of noise in the data due to biological variation, as well as experimental or measurement errors. To improve tolerance to noise we define and use a shrinkage-like estimator. We prove the correctness of our algorithm by showing asymptotic convergence to the correct tree under mild constraints on the level of noise. Moreover, on synthetic data, we show that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art, that it is efficient even with a relatively small number of samples and that its performance quickly converges to its asymptote as the number of samples increases. For real cancer datasets obtained with different technologies, we highlight biologically significant differences in the progressions inferred with respect to other competing techniques and we also show how to validate conjectured biological relations with progression models.
The transparency of creoles

In this article I propose that creoles are relatively transparent compared to their source languages. This means that they display more one-to-one relations between meaning and form. Transparency should be distinguished from the concepts of simplicity, ease of acquisition, and regularity. Definitions of these notions are given and it is shown how they have been mixed up in earlier literature.The transparency of creoles is explained as a result of language contact. When people speaking radically different languages communicate, they tend to use maximally intelligible forms, i.e. transparent forms. The repeated selection of transparent over opaque forms will lead to the formation of a relatively transparent language. Hence, creoles are predicted to be either as transparent as or more transparent than their source languages.An empirical study is performed to test this prediction. The transparency of four contact languages and their sub- and superstrates is measured by checking them on a list of non-transparent features. It turns out that they all exhibit opaque structures, but that there is a striking absence of so called form-based forms: linguistic elements and rules that are not motivated pragmatically or semantically. This indicates that such ‘empty’ forms are lost during intense language contact.
Bmc Structural Biology Crystal Structures of an Extracytoplasmic Solute Receptor from a Trap Transporter in Its Open and Closed Forms Reveal a Helix-swapped Dimer Requiring a Cation for Α-keto Acid Binding

Background: The import of solutes into the bacterial cytoplasm involves several types of membrane transporters, which may be driven by ATP hydrolysis (ABC transporters) or by an ion or H + electrochemical membrane potential, as in the tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic system (TRAP). In both the ABC and TRAP systems, a specific periplasmic protein from the ESR family (Extracytoplasmic Solute Receptors) is often involved for the recruitment of the solute and its presentation to the membrane complex. In Rhodobacter sphaeroides, TakP (previously named SmoM) is an ESR from a TRAP transporter and binds α-keto acids in vitro.