Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Centroid-Based Document Classifica tion : Analysis & Exper imental Results ∗

In recentyearswe have seena tremendousgrowth in the volumeof text documentsavailableon the Internet, digital libraries, news sources,and company-wide intranets. Automatic text categorization,which is the task of assigningtext documentsto pre-specifiedclasses(topicsor themes)of documents, is an importanttaskthatcanhelp both in organizingaswell as in finding informationon thesehugeresources.Text categorizationpresentsunique challengesdueto thelargenumberof attributespresentin thedataset,largenumberof trainingsamples, andattribute dependencies.In this paperwe focus on a simple linear-time centroid-baseddocumentclassificationalgorithm, that despiteits simplicity and robust performance,hasnot beenextensi vely studiedand analyzed. Our extensi ve experimentsshow thatthiscentroid-basedclassifierconsistentlyandsubstantiallyoutperformsotheralgorithmssuch asNaiveBayesian,k-nearest-neighbors, andC4.5,onawiderangeof datasets. Ouranalysisshows thatthesimilarity measureusedby thecentroid-basedschemeallows it to classifya new documentbasedon how closelyits behavior matchesthebehavior of thedocumentsbelongingto differentclasses, asmeasuredby theaveragesimilarity between thedocuments.This matchingallows it to dynamicallyadjustfor classeswith differentdensities.Furthermore,our analysisshowsthatthesimilarity measureof thecentroid-basedschemeaccountsfor dependencies betweentheterms in thedifferentclasses.Webelieve thatthis featureis thereasonwhy it consistentlyoutperformsotherclassifiersthat cannottake thesedependencies into account.
Nonlinear surface fit stability formula without any transition region for conventional breakwater design

ABSTRACT Determining the optimum weight of the armor blocks is of vital importance in the design of conventional breakwaters. The widely used formulae in the literature include the transition region from plunging to surging waves. In this paper, it is aimed to investigate a new design formula without any transition region as an alternative to widely used Van der Meer formulae. The dimensionless parameters of Van der Meer formulae as well as newly generated variables are used as inputs. Nonlinear surface fit best subset regression model is used to find the optimum input combination that keeps the nonlinear relationships. All the input parameters, their second powers, and their two-way interactions are included in the regression analyses to obtain a nonlinear surface fit. Various goodness of fit statistics are applied to check the different perspectives of the model accuracy. It is demonstrated that the proposed model gives a realistic prediction of the stability number for critical data range. Especially for high values of stability number the proposed formula outperforms the benchmark formulae of Van der Meer and Etemad-Shahidi and Bonakdar. The other advantage is that it does not contain any transition region that depends on wave conditions. Besides, there is no need to include “number of waves” and “permeability” parameters into the equation.
Shotgun lipidomics of cardiolipin molecular species in lipid extracts of biological samples Published, JLR Papers in Press, January 31, 2006.

Cardiolipin is a prominent component of the mitochondrial inner membranes contributing to the regulation of multiple discrete mitochondrial functions. Here, we extend shotgun lipidomics to identify and quantitate cardiolipin molecular species directly from lipid extracts of biological samples. Three shotgun lipidomics approaches for analyses of cardiolipin molecular species were developed using either a continuous ion-transmission instrument (i.e., triple-quadrupole type) with either low or high mass resolution settings or a high mass resolution hybrid pulsed instrument [i.e., quadrupole time-of-flight (QqTOF) type]. Three chemical principles were used for the development of these approaches. These include the marked enrichment of linoleate in cardiolipin to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio, the specific neutral loss of ketenes from doubly charged cardiolipin molecular ions to yield doubly charged triacyl monolysocardiolipins, and the doubly charged character of two phosphates in each cardiolipin molecular species. Through these techniques, we identified and quantified the specific molecular species profiles of cardiolipin directly from lipid extracts of mouse heart, liver, and skeletal muscle. The accuracy (∼5%) and the low end of the linear dynamic range (10 fmol/μl) for quantitation make these approaches useful for studying alterations in cardiolipin metabolism in multiple disease states using either type of mass spectrometer.
Ju l 2 00 6 On the logical structure of Bell theorems

Bell theorems show how to experimentally falsify local realism. Conclusive falsification is highly desirable as it would provide support for the most profoundly counterintuitive feature of quantum theory—nonlocality. Despite the preponderance of evidence for quantum mechanics, practical limits on detector efficiency and the difficulty of coordinating space-like separated measurements have provided loopholes for a classical worldview; these loopholes have never been simultaneously closed. A number of new experiments have recently been proposed to close both loopholes at once. We show some of these novel designs fail in the most basic way, by not ruling out local hidden variable models, and we provide an explicit classical model to demonstrate this. They share a common flaw, which reveals a basic misunderstanding of how nonlocality proofs work. Given the time and resources now being devoted to such experiments, theoretical clarity is essential. Our explanation is presented in terms of simple logic and should serve to correct misconceptions and avoid future mistakes. We also show a nonlocality proof involving four participants which has interesting theoretical properties.
Towards a Rigorous Methodology for Measuring Adoption of RPKI Route Validation and Filtering

A proposal to improve routing security---Route Origin Authorization (ROA)---has been standardized. A ROA specifies which network is allowed to announce a set of Internet destinations. While some networks now specify ROAs, little is known about whether other networks check routes they receive against these ROAs, a process known as Route Origin Validation (ROV). Which networks blindly accept invalid routes? Which reject them outright? Which de-preference them if alternatives exist? Recent analysis attempts to use uncontrolled experiments to characterize ROV adoption by comparing valid routes and invalid routes. However, we argue that gaining a solid understanding of ROV adoption is impossible using currently available data sets and techniques. Instead, we devise a verifiable methodology of controlled experiments for measuring ROV. Our measurements suggest that, although some ISPs are not observed using invalid routes in uncontrolled experiments, they are actually using different routes for (non-security) traffic engineering purposes, without performing ROV. We conclude with presenting three AS that do implement ROV as confirmed by the operators.
Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Implantation Alters Electrophysiologic Substrate

Background Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) is first‐line therapy for some congenital heart disease patients with right ventricular outflow tract dysfunction. The hemodynamics improvements after PPVI are well documented, but little is known about its effects on the electrophysiologic substrate. The objective of this study is to assess the short‐ and medium‐term electrophysiologic substrate changes and elucidate postprocedure arrhythmias. Methods and Results A retrospective chart review of patients undergoing PPVI from May 2010 to April 2015 was performed. A total of 106 patients underwent PPVI; most commonly these patients had tetralogy of Fallot (n=59, 55%) and pulmonary insufficiency (n=60, 57%). The median follow‐up time was 28 months (7‐63 months). Pre‐PPVI, 25 patients (24%) had documented arrhythmias: nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) (n=9, 8%), frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) (n=6, 6%), and atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL) (n=10, 9%). Post‐PPVI, arrhythmias resolved in 4 patients who had NSVT (44%) and 5 patients who had PVCs (83%). New arrhythmias were seen in 16 patients (15%): 7 NSVT, 8 PVCs, and 1 AF/AFL. There was resolution at medium‐term follow‐up in 6 (86%) patients with new‐onset NSVT and 7 (88%) patients with new‐onset PVCs. There was no difference in QRS duration pre‐PPVI, post‐PPVI, and at medium‐term follow‐up (P=0.6). The median corrected QT lengthened immediately post‐PPVI but shortened significantly at midterm follow‐up (P<0.01). Conclusions PPVI reduced the prevalence of NSVT. The majority of postimplant arrhythmias resolve by 6 months of follow‐up.
From out-place transformation evolution to in-place model patching

Model transformation is a key technique to automate software engineering tasks. Like any other software, transformations are not resilient to change. As changes to transformations can invalidate previously produced models, these changes need to be reflected on existing models. Currently, revised out-place transformations are re-executed entirely to achieve this co-evolution task. However, this induces an unnecessary overhead, particularly when computation-intensive transformations are marginally revised, and if existing models have undergone updates prior the re-execution, these updates get discarded in the newly produced models. To overcome this co-evolution challenge, our idea is to infer from evolved out-place transformations patch transformations that propagate changes to existing models by re-executing solely the affected parts based on an in-place execution strategy. Thereby, existing models are only updated by a patch instead of newly produced. In this paper, we present the conceptual foundation of our approach and report on its evaluation in a real-world case study.
A new method of weighting query terms for ad-hoc retrieval

K.L. Kwok email: kklqc@cunyvm.ctmy . edu Dept., Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA. Ad-hoc retrieval relies on the evidence from a user’s query to provide a sufficient variety of terms as well as different term frequencies for differentiating term importance. Short queries lack both typea of information. A new method of automatically weighting query terms for ad-hoc retrieval is introduced that works for short queries. It is based on the term usage statistics in a collection and no training is required. Expximents with both the TREC2 and TREC4 ad-hoc queries show that this weighting scheme can provide significantly better results at the initial retrievat stage. At the expanded query stage, results vary from equal to significantly better than those relying on the originst query weights. In particular, this automatic method provides similar improvements to extra short queries of two to four content terms only.
Ultra-fast rumor spreading in social networks

We analyze the popular push-pull protocol for spreading a rumor in networks. Initially, a single node knows of a rumor. In each succeeding round, every node chooses a random neighbor, and the two nodes share the rumor if one of them is already aware of it. We present the first theoretical analysis of this protocol on random graphs that have a power law degree distribution with an arbitrary exponent β > 2. Our main findings reveal a striking dichotomy in the performance of the protocol that depends on the exponent of the power law. More specifically, we show that if 2 3, then Ω(log n) rounds are necessary. We also investigate the asynchronous version of the push-pull protocol, where the nodes do not operate in rounds, but exchange information according to a Poisson process with rate 1. Surprisingly, we are able to show that, if 2 < β < 3, the rumor spreads even in constant time, which is much smaller than the typical distance of two nodes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first result that establishes a gap between the synchronous and the asynchronous protocol.
Cerebral Microembolism During Coronary Angiography: A Randomized Comparison Between Femoral and Radial Arterial Access

Background and Purpose— Microemboli observed during coronary angiography can cause silent ischemic cerebral lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate if the number of particulate cerebral microemboli during coronary angiography is influenced by access site used. Methods— Fifty-one patients with stable angina pectoris referred for coronary angiography were randomized to right radial or right femoral arterial access. The number of particulate microemboli passing the middle cerebral arteries was continuously registered with transcranial Doppler. Results— The median (minimum–maximum range) numbers of particulate emboli were significantly higher with radial 10 (1–120) than with femoral 6 (1–19) access. More particulate microemboli passed the right middle cerebral artery with the radial access. Conclusions— This study indicates that the radial access used for coronary angiography generates more particulate cerebral microemboli than the femoral access and thus may influence the occurrence of silent cerebral injuries.
Regularization strategies for nonparametric system identification

In the recent years several regularization strategies have been proposed to tackle linear system identification problems. One line of work has concentrated on designing and studying the properties of several Kernels for l2-type regularization in impulse response estimation; a second stream of work has proposed using Nuclear Norm type of penalties on certain Hankel data matrices, aiming at favoring (almost) low rank solutions in subspace type procedures. The goal of this paper is twofold: (i) bring all these ideas under a common umbrella also proposing an algorithm which combines different penalties and (ii) provide a first comparison between different approaches.
Hyperplasia of dermal microvascular pericytes in scleroderma *

Background: Pericytes (PCs) are smooth muscle‐like mural cells of capillaries and venules, which can synthesize matrix components and fibroblast‐activating cytokines, and are thus potential mediators of pathological changes in scleroderma. In this study, alterations in microvessels were quantitatively imaged, taking PC into account for the first time.
Studies of the acute renal effects of hemolyzed red blood cells in dogs including estimations of renal blood flow with krypton.

Many investigators have attempted to produce experimental acute renal failure by the administration of hemolyzed red blood cells or the products of hemolysis. Almost all of the successful attempts have required the preliminary preparation of the experimental animal by marked alteration of renal hemodynamics in association with systemic hypotension (1), severe dehydration (1, 2), or occlusion of the renal artery (3, 4). In other studies renal failure was produced by the administration of massive doses of hemoglobin (5), methemoglobin (2, 6), or heterologous blood (7). In all of these situations, it was not possible to differentiate between the specific renal effects of the administered substances and the hemodynamic changes secondary to the alterations in systemic circulation. Studies in man (8-il) and dogs (12) involving the administration of distilled water, autologous hemolyzed cells, or hemoglobin have suggested that renal ischemia was acutely produced by the administered substances. Because of these experiments, it has become generally accepted that decreased renal blood flow (RBF) is important in the pathogenesis of acute renal failure resulting from intravascular hemolysis. In these studies (8-12), however, the clearance of paraaminohippurate (PAH) was taken to indicate effective renal plasma flow (RPF) even during oliguria. The present series of experiments was undertaken to evaluate the acute changes in renal function secondary to the administration of homologous hemolyzed red blood cells with the following
Perturbations of existence families for abstract Cauchy problems

In this paper, we establish Desch-Schappacher type multiplicative and additive perturbation theorems for existence families for arbitrary order abstract Cauchy problems in a Banach space: u (n) (t) = Au(t) (t > 0); u (j) (0) = x j (0 ≤ j ≤ n - 1). As a consequence, we obtain such perturbation results for regularized semigroups and regularized cosine operator functions. An example is also given to illustrate possible applications.
GENSTYLE: exploration and analysis of DNA sequences with genomic signature

GENSTYLE () is a workspace designed for the characterization and classification of nucleotide sequences. Based on the genomic signature paradigm, GENSTYLE focuses on oligonucleotide frequencies in DNA sequences. Users can select sequences of interest in the GENSTYLE companion database, where the whole set of GenBank sequences is grouped per species, or upload their own sequences to work with. Tools for the exploration and analysis of signatures allow (i) identification of the origin of DNA segments (detection of rare species or species for which technical problems prevent fast characterization, such as micro-organisms with slow growth), (ii) analysis of the homogeneity of a genome and isolation of areas with novel functionality (horizontal transfers for example) – and (iii) molecular phylogeny and taxonomy.
Decrease in birth weight in relation to maternal bone-lead burden.

OBJECTIVES Birth weight predicts infant survival, growth, and development. Previous research suggests that low levels of fetal lead exposure, as estimated by umbilical cord blood-lead levels at birth, may have an adverse effect on birth weight. This report examines the relationship of lead levels in cord blood and maternal bone to birth weight. METHODS Umbilical cord and maternal venous blood samples and anthropometric and sociodemographic data were obtained at delivery and 1-month postpartum. Blood-lead levels were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Maternal tibia and patella lead levels were determined at 1-month postpartum with use of a spot-source 109Cd K-X-ray fluorescence instrument. The relationship between birth weight and lead burden was evaluated by multiple regression with control of known determinants of size at birth. RESULTS Data on all variables of interest were obtained for 272 mother-infant pairs. After adjustment for other determinants of birth weight, tibia lead was the only lead biomarker clearly related to birth weight. The decline in birth weight associated to increments in tibia lead was nonlinear and accelerated at the highest tibia lead quartile. In the upper quartile, neonates were on average, 156 grams lighter than those in the lowest quartile. Other significant birth weight predictors included maternal nutritional status, parity, education, gestational age, and smoking during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that bone-lead burden is inversely related to birth weight. Taken together with other research indicating that lead can mobilize from bone into plasma without detectable changes in whole blood lead, these findings suggest that bone lead might be a better biomarker than blood lead. Because lead remains in bone for years to decades, mobilization of bone lead during pregnancy may pose a significant fetal exposure with health consequences, long after maternal external lead exposure has declined.
Modelling staphylococcal pneumonia in a human 3D lung tissue model system delineates toxin-mediated pathology

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia is recognized as a toxin-mediated disease, yet the tissue-destructive events remain elusive, partly as a result of lack of mechanistic studies in human lung tissue. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) tissue model composed of human lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts was used to delineate the role of specific staphylococcal exotoxins in tissue pathology associated with severe pneumonia. To this end, the models were exposed to the mixture of exotoxins produced by S. aureus strains isolated from patients with varying severity of lung infection, namely necrotizing pneumonia or lung empyema, or to purified toxins. The necrotizing pneumonia strains secreted high levels of α-toxin and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), and triggered high cytotoxicity, inflammation, necrosis and loss of E-cadherin from the lung epithelium. In contrast, the lung empyema strain produced moderate levels of PVL, but negligible amounts of α-toxin, and triggered limited tissue damage. α-toxin had a direct damaging effect on the epithelium, as verified using toxin-deficient mutants and pure α-toxin. Moreover, PVL contributed to pathology through the lysis of neutrophils. A combination of α-toxin and PVL resulted in the most severe epithelial injury. In addition, toxin-induced release of pro-inflammatory mediators from lung tissue models resulted in enhanced neutrophil migration. Using a collection of 31 strains from patients with staphylococcal pneumonia revealed that strains producing high levels of α-toxin and PVL were cytotoxic and associated with fatal outcome. Also, the strains that produced the highest toxin levels induced significantly greater epithelial disruption. Of importance, toxin-mediated lung epithelium destruction could be inhibited by polyspecific intravenous immunoglobulin containing antibodies against α-toxin and PVL. This study introduces a novel model system for study of staphylococcal pneumonia in a human setting. The results reveal that the combination and levels of α-toxin and PVL correlate with tissue pathology and clinical outcome associated with pneumonia. Summary: Use of a human 3D lung tissue model system identifies the combined effects of α-toxin and Panton-Valentine leukocidin in tissue injury and clinical outcome in staphylococcal pneumonia.
Obsessive-compulsive beliefs and treatment outcome

Synopsis Of 49 compulsive ritualizers one-third perceived their obsessive thoughts as rational and felt that their rituals warded off some unwanted or feared event (the content of their obsessions). The more bizarre the obsessive belief the more strongly it was defended and 12% of cases made no attempt to resist the urge to ritualize. Neither fixity of belief nor resistance to compulsive urges were related to duration of illness. Patients with bizarre and fixed obsessive beliefs responded as well to treatment (all but three received exposure), as did patients whose obsessions were less bizarre and recognized as senseless. There was no difference in outcome between patients who initially found it hard to control their obsessions or never resisted the urge to ritualize and those who initially could control obsessions or resist rituals. One year after starting treatment, patients whose obsessions and compulsions had improved with treatment recognized their irrationality more readily and controlled their compulsive urges more easily. Beliefs appeared to normalize as a function of habituation.