Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The relationships between induced abortion, attitudes towards sexuality and sexual problems

Abstract This study aimed to investigate whether abortion is associated with (i) changes in attitudes and feelings towards sexual matters (erotophobia–erotophilia), (ii) sexual problems, and (iii) whether erotophobia–erotophilia and sexual problems are associated. Ninety-eight women having a first-trimester abortion were investigated together with a comparison sample of 51 non-pregnant women. Standardised questionnaires assessing sexual problems and attitudes and feelings towards sexual matters were completed by the study sample (prior to and 2 months after abortion) and the non-pregnant comparison sample. The findings indicated that attitudes and feelings towards sexual matters were similar in the study and comparison sample, and were more positive 2 months after the abortion than prior to it. More sexual problems were experienced following the discovery of the pregnancy than prior to the pregnancy or in the 2 months after abortion. Levels of sexual problems reported by the study sample prior to pregnancy and by the comparison sample were similar. Erotophobia–erotophilia and sexual problems were moderately correlated in the study sample. In conclusion, becoming pregnant did not appear to affect erotophobia–erotophilia, but having the abortion was followed by more positive attitudes and feelings towards sexual matters. Becoming pregnant had short-term negative effects on sexual relationships but these were not sustained following abortion.
VORTICAL CLOUD SYSTEMS OVER THE TROPICAL ATLANTIC DURING THE 1967 HURRICANE SEASON

Abstract Stronger tropical depressions are associated with a recognizable vortical cloud pattern. This note summarizes the number and history of vortical cloud systems observed over the tropical Atlantic during the 1967 hurricane season. The appearance of a “vortical cloud” does not necessarily imply the depression will intensify.
Cutaneous Venoconstrictor Response to Local Cooling in the Dog: Unexplained by Inhibition of Neuronal Re‐Uptake of Norepinephrine

Studies were performed in dogs to determine if inhibition of neuronal reuptake of norepinephrine was the cause of the enhanced response to sympathetic nerve impulses seen in the cutaneous veins when the temperature of the blood perfusing them was decreased. Changes in driving pressure of the saphenous vein perfused with blood at constant flow were used to measure venomotor responses. The increases in venoconstrictor response to norepinephrine infusion caused by cooling the perfusate were similar in both hindlegs, one subjected to acute and the other to chronic sympathectomy. Blocking the reentry of norepinephrine into the sympathetic nerve endings by treating the vein with cocaine did not affect the augmentation by local cooling of the constrictor response to norepinephrine or electric stimulation of the lumbar sympathetic chain. The venoconstrictor responses to norepinephrine, epinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and molar potassium chloride were all augmented by local cooling. The results suggest that the sensitizing effect of cold on the smooth muscle of the veins cannot be explained by inhibition of norepinephrine re-uptake by the nerve terminals.
Chromosome 15q25 (CHRNA3-CHRNA5) Variation Impacts Indirectly on Lung Cancer Risk

Genetic variants at the 15q25 CHRNA5-CHRNA3 locus have been shown to influence lung cancer risk however there is controversy as to whether variants have a direct carcinogenic effect on lung cancer risk or impact indirectly through smoking behavior. We have performed a detailed analysis of the 15q25 risk variants rs12914385 and rs8042374 with smoking behavior and lung cancer risk in 4,343 lung cancer cases and 1,479 controls from the Genetic Lung Cancer Predisposition Study (GELCAPS). A strong association between rs12914385 and rs8042374, and lung cancer risk was shown, odds ratios (OR) were 1.44, (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.29-1.62, P = 3.69×10(-10)) and 1.35 (95% CI: 1.18-1.55, P = 9.99×10(-6)) respectively. Each copy of risk alleles at rs12914385 and rs8042374 was associated with increased cigarette consumption of 1.0 and 0.9 cigarettes per day (CPD) (P = 5.18×10(-5) and P = 5.65×10(-3)). These genetically determined modest differences in smoking behavior can be shown to be sufficient to account for the 15q25 association with lung cancer risk. To further verify the indirect effect of 15q25 on the risk, we restricted our analysis of lung cancer risk to never-smokers and conducted a meta-analysis of previously published studies of lung cancer risk in never-smokers. Never-smoker studies published in English were ascertained from PubMed stipulating--lung cancer, risk, genome-wide association, candidate genes. Our study and five previously published studies provided data on 2,405 never-smoker lung cancer cases and 7,622 controls. In the pooled analysis no association has been found between the 15q25 variation and lung cancer risk (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.94-1.28). This study affirms the 15q25 association with smoking and is consistent with an indirect link between genotype and lung cancer risk.
The impact of energy feedback on quasar evolution and black hole demographics

We investigate how accretion episodes on to massive black holes power quasars and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) while they accumulate mass into the holes. We implement an analytic approach to compute both the trend and the stochastic component to the trigger of the accretion events, as provided by structure buildup after the hierarchical paradigm. We base our approach on host-galaxy evolution proceeding from the protogalactic era at redshifts z 2.5 dominated by major merging events in high-density regions, to the subsequent era marked by galaxy‐ galaxy interactions in newly forming groups. These dynamical events perturb the gravitational equilibrium of the gas reservoir in the hosts, and trigger recurrent accretion episodes, first in the Eddington-limited regime, and later in a supply-limited mode controlled by energy feedback from the very source emission on to the surrounding gas. Depletion of the latter by these events (adding to quiescent star formation) concurs with the slowing down of the clustering to cause af ast drop of the activity in dense regions. Meanwhile, in the ‘field’ later and rarer events are triggered by interactions of still gas-rich galaxies, and eventually by captures of dwarf satellite galaxies; these are also included in our analytic model. Thus we compute the quasar and AGN luminosity functions; we find these to brighten and rise from z � 6t oz � 2.5, and then towards z � 0t odim and fall somewhat, in detailed agreement with the observations. From the same accretion history we predict that for z < 2.5 the mass distribution of the holes progressively rises and shifts rightwards; we compare our results with the local data. We also find that downward of z � 2.5 the Eddington ratios related to emitting, most massive holes drift below unity on average, with a widening scatter; meanwhile, some smaller holes still flare up closer to the Eddington limit. We conclude that the accretion history, however rich, is dominated by dwindling events triggered by interactions under control by feedback; these establish a link between the declining but widely scattered distribution of the Eddington ratios and the tight, closely stable upper section of the M‐σ correlation. Two clear-cut predictions arise from our interaction picture: the black hole activity will appear to follow an anti-hierarchical trend; the quasar‐AGN population is expected to be bimodal, and related to the bimodal galaxy
Mastery of gross motor skills in preschool and early elementary school obese children

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the mastery of gross motor skills among preschool and early elementary school obese children; and determine the differences that exist between these two groups. Methods: Instrument TGMD-2 was used to assess gross motor skill performance of all the participants. Total sample size was 160; 80 obese children and 80 normal weight children. The mean age of preschool children was 4.87 (SD: 0.49), and for early elementary school children was 7.34 (SD: 0.63). The methods of analysis were one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and descriptive analysis. The alpha level of 0.05 was the criterion for all statistical significance. Results: The findings of this study revealed that there is a significant difference in gross motor skill performance between preschool obese children and early elementary school obese children. Conclusion: Obese children had lower gross motor skill proficiency compared to their normal weight peers. However, early elementary school obese children (aged between 6 and 8 years) performed poorer gross motor skills compared to preschool obese children (aged between 4 and 6 years).
Social capital and mental illness: a systematic review

Study objective: The concept of social capital has influenced mental health policies of nations and international organisations despite its limited evidence base. This papers aims to systematically review quantitative studies examining the association between social capital and mental illness. Design and setting: Twenty electronic databases and the reference sections of papers were searched to identify published studies. Authors of papers were contacted for unpublished work. Anonymised papers were reviewed by the authors of this paper. Papers with a validated mental illness outcome and an exposure variable agreed as measuring social capital were included. No limitations were put on date or language of publication. Main results: Twenty one studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. Fourteen measured social capital at the individual level and seven at an ecological level. The former offered evidence for an inverse relation between cognitive social capital and common mental disorders. There was moderate evidence for an inverse relation between cognitive social capital and child mental illness, and combined measures of social capital and common mental disorders. The seven ecological studies were diverse in methodology, populations investigated, and mental illness outcomes, making them difficult to summarise. Conclusions: Individual and ecological social capital may measure different aspects of the social environment. Current evidence is inadequate to inform the development of specific social capital interventions to combat mental illness.
Incidence and risk factors of delayed pneumothorax after transthoracic needle biopsy of the lung.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To evaluate the incidence and clinical significance of delayed pneumothorax, and to analyze the influence of multiple variables on the rate of delayed pneumothorax associated with transthoracic needle biopsy (TTNB) of the lung. STUDY DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Tertiary care university hospital. STUDY SUBJECTS Adult patients underwent TTNB from June 2001 to June 2002. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Among the 458 patients included in this study, 280 fluoroscopic-guided, 21 CT-guided, and 157 ultrasonography-guided lung biopsies were performed. A follow-up chest radiograph was obtained immediately, and 3 h, 8 h, and 24 h after the biopsy procedure. Pneumothorax that had not developed up to 3 h but developed later was defined as a delayed pneumothorax. Patients with a symptomatic or enlarged pneumothorax were treated using a pigtail catheter or chest tube. Variables such as age, gender, lesion size, location, presence of an emphysematous change, biopsy guidance methods, and biopsy devices were analyzed. Pneumothorax developed in 100 of the 458 patients (21.8%), and delayed pneumothorax developed in 15 patients (3.3%). Seventeen patients, including 3 patients with delayed pneumothorax, required a pigtail catheter or a chest tube insertion. The pigtail catheter or chest tube insertion rate in delayed pneumothorax was 20% (3 of 15 patients). Female gender and the absence of an emphysematous change correlated with an increased rate of delayed pneumothorax (p < 0.05). Lesion size, location, biopsy guidance methods, devices, and underlying diseases were not correlated with the delayed pneumothorax rate. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of delayed pneumothorax was 3.3% of all TTNBs. Female gender and the absence of an emphysematous change were identified as risk factors for delayed pneumothorax. Delayed pneumothorax is clinically important because of its considerable incidence and the necessity for pigtail catheterization or chest tube insertion in these patients.
Approximating the maximum weight clique using replicator dynamics

Given an undirected graph with weights on the vertices, the maximum weight clique problem (MWCP) is to find a subset of mutually adjacent vertices (i.e., a clique) having the largest total weight. This is a generalization of the classical problem of finding the maximum cardinality clique of an unweighted graph, which arises as a special case of the MWCP when all the weights associated to the vertices are equal. The problem is known to be NP-hard for arbitrary graphs and, according to recent theoretical results, so is the problem of approximating it within a constant factor. Although there has recently been much interest around neural-network algorithms for the unweighted maximum clique problem, no effort has been directed so far toward its weighted counterpart. In this paper, we present a parallel, distributed heuristic for approximating the MWCP based on dynamics principles developed and studied in various branches of mathematical biology. The proposed framework centers around a recently introduced continuous characterization of the MWCP which generalizes an earlier remarkable result by Motzkin and Straus. This allows us to formulate the MWCP (a purely combinatorial problem) in terms of a continuous quadratic programming problem. One drawback associated with this formulation, however, is the presence of "spurious" solutions, and we present characterizations of these solutions. To avoid them we introduce a new regularized continuous formulation of the MWCP inspired by previous works on the unweighted problem, and show how this approach completely solves the problem. The continuous formulation of the MWCP naturally maps onto a parallel, distributed computational network whose dynamical behavior is governed by the so-called replicator equations. These are dynamical systems introduced in evolutionary game theory and population genetics to model evolutionary processes on a macroscopic scale.We present theoretical results which guarantee that the solutions provided by our clique finding replicator network are actually the ones being sought. Extensive experiments on both randomly generated and standard benchmark graphs have been conducted, and the results obtained confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Dissociation Between Local Field Potentials and Spiking Activity in Macaque Inferior Temporal Cortex Reveals Diagnosticity-Based Encoding of Complex Objects

Neurons in the inferior temporal (IT) cortex respond selectively to complex objects, and maintain their selectivity despite partial occlusion. However, relatively little is known about how the occlusion of different shape parts influences responses in the IT cortex. Here, we determine experimentally which parts of complex objects monkeys are relying on in a discrimination task. We then study the effect of occlusion of parts with different behavioral relevance on neural responses in the IT cortex at the level of spiking activity and local field potentials (LFPs). For both spiking activity and LFPs, we found that the diagnostic object parts, which were important for behavioral judgments, were preferentially represented in the IT cortex. Our data show that the effects of diagnosticity grew systematically stronger along a posterior–anterior axis for LFPs, but were evenly distributed for single units, suggesting that diagnosticity is first encoded in the posterior IT cortex. Our findings highlight the power of combined analysis of field potentials and spiking activity for mapping structure to computational function in the brain.
Clinicopathologic and Immunophenotypic Features of Primary Intestinal Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type

Primary intestinal extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, is an extremely rare type of lymphoma with poor prognosis, and early diagnosis is challenging. Here we have investigated the clinicopathologic features and immunophenotypes of primary intestinal extranodal NK/T cell lymphomas, nasal type, in 10 Chinese patients. Complete staging data showed that 1 patient had stage I disease, 7 had stage II disease, and 2 had stage III disease. Eight of 10 (80%) patients had lymphadenopathy and none had bone marrow involvement. All the patients had a low International Prognostic Index (IPI) score (<3) at presentation. The median age at the time of diagnosis was 37.5 years (range = 24-68 years). All the patients died within 21 months, and the median survival time was 9.5 months (range = 2-21 months). So the conventional IPI and staging system failed to predict the outcome of the patients with the lymphoma. Except for the size of tumor cells, most of the morphologic features of the cases we studied were similar to those involving the midline facial tissue. Immunohistochemical studies showed the expression of cytotoxic markers (100%), CD2 (100%), CD3ε (90%), CD56 (80%), P53 (60%), CD30 (30%), LMP1 (30%), EBNA3A (0%). Nine cases (90%) highly expressed Ki-67. In situ hybridization for Epstein–Barr virus–encoded small RNA was positive in all cases.
Can Dissimilarity Lead to Positive Outcomes? The Influence of Open versus Closed Minds

Social identity theory and self-categorization theory have usually been interpreted to suggest that demographic dissimilarity will negatively influence employee outcomes. However, inconsistent with this interpretation, positive and neutral relationships between demographic dissimilarity and employee outcomes have also been documented in some instances for women and minority employees. It is argued here that the influence of demographic dissimilarity on the attitudes of women and minority employees is moderated by their level of dogmatism, which influences whether they view sex- and race-based status hierarchies in organizations as legitimate. Data from a survey shows that the influence of demographic dissimilarity on the organization-based self-esteem of employees, their level of trust in their peers and their attraction towards their peers is positive for individuals with higher level of dogmatism and negative for individuals with lower level of dogmatism.
Towards an understanding of fidelity within the context of school-based health education

Schools and schooling have long provided a tempting site for the delivery of public health strategies that address and promote young people’s current and future health. However, an emerging concern regarding the mobilisation of public health interventions within school settings has been the failure of school teachers to deliver such programs with fidelity. For educators, these notions of fidelity stand in stark contrast to the tenets of student-centred teaching. In seeking to explore these tensions further, this paper draws upon a collaborative health education project conducted with schools and teachers from Queensland, Australia. Findings from this project reveal the complexity associated with curriculum implementation in school settings, where diverse resources including timetable allocations and teacher expertise mitigate the achievement of program fidelity. In our efforts to explain the findings emerging from this project, we have drawn on the conceptual reference points of Basil Bernstein’s theory of the pedagogic device to reveal the predictable misalignment of the health and education sectors’ expected outcomes of school-based health initiatives. In conclusion, we argue that our exploration of issues pertaining to fidelity demonstrates the need for health and education sectors alike to conduct their work according to a clear articulation of the realistic, educative role that schools can play in promoting healthy living.
Optimizing Case-Based Detection Performance in a Multiview CAD System for Mammography

When reading mammograms, radiologists combine information from multiple views to detect abnormalities. Most computer-aided detection (CAD) systems, however, use primitive methods for inclusion of multiview context or analyze each view independently. In previous research it was found that in mammography lesion-based detection performance of CAD systems can be improved when correspondences between MLO and CC views are taken into account. However, detection at case level detection did not improve. In this paper, we propose a new learning method for multiview CAD systems, which is aimed at optimizing case-based detection performance. The method builds on a single-view lesion detection system and a correspondence classifier. The latter provides class probabilities for the various types of region pairs and correspondence features. The correspondence classifier output is used to bias the selection of training patterns for a multiview CAD system. In this way training can be forced to focus on optimization of case-based detection performance. The method is applied to the problem of detecting malignant masses and architectural distortions. Experiments involve 454 mammograms consisting of four views with a malignant region visible in at least one of the views. To evaluate performance, five-fold cross validation and FROC analysis was performed. Bootstrapping was used for statistical analysis. A significant increase of case-based detection performance was found when the proposed method was used. Mean sensitivity increased by 4.7% in the range of 0.01-0.5 false positives per image.
Conditioned Excitation and Conditioned Inhibition Acquired through Backward Conditioning

Abstract Historically, there has been little consensus regarding the outcome of backward conditioning trials in Pavlovian conditioning. One view states that few US→CS trials will produce an excitatory association, but with additional trials the excitatory association will wane and eventually give way to an inhibitory association (Heth, 1976). An alternative view is that the initial association remains intact over further training trials, but the subject additionally learns the backward temporal relationship between the CS and the US (Barnet & Miller, 1996). Toward testing these views, we conducted four parametric experiments using conditioned suppression by rats to examine the development of excitatory and inhibitory response potentials as a function of the number of trials. In all experiments, animals received a low (4), moderate (16), or high (96) number of backward conditioning training. In Experiments 1 and 2, conditioned inhibition was assessed with summation and retardation tests, respectively, and more inhibition was found with more backward pairings. In Experiment 3, first-order excitatory responding was observed only with low levels of training. In Experiment 4, robust second-order excitatory responding was seen following low and high levels of US→CS training. The results are discussed in terms of Heth's views and the temporal coding hypothesis, a recent model of Pavlovian conditioned responding.