Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reply: To PMID 25546556.

maintenance gefitinib in patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer without disease progression after firstline chemotherapy. In terms of the results, maintenance treatment with gefitinib significantly improved OS compared with placebo in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive patients, whereas there was no survival difference between gefitinib and placebo in mutation-negative or unknown patients. Should we use gefitinib as maintenance therapy for mutationpositive patients once disease control is achieved after first-line chemotherapy? In the first place, EGFR mutation analysis was conducted in only 30 patients (10%) in the study. In addition, 47% of the patients assigned to the placebo group never received any EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as their post-study treatment, which may have affected the results. The preceding SATURN study failed to demonstrate an OS benefit in mutationpositive patients, which may have been due to extensively high cross-over in the placebo group. Considering that EGFR-TKI is similarly effective in the second-line setting and that it sometimes causes fatal adverse events, such as interstitial lung disease, we should be cautious over the use of EGFR-TKI as maintenance treatment after chemotherapy in mutation-positive patients. On the other hand, subgroup analyses of the SATURN study suggested that maintenance EGFR-TKI may lead to significant OS improvement in mutation-positive patients who achieve stable disease after first-line chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.14–1.62). Considering that patients with a smaller decrease in target lesions are also less likely to receive subsequent treatment, an earlier start of EGFR-TKI may be beneficial in patients with a mutationpositive status and stable disease following first-line chemotherapy. Recently, mutation analyses including EGFR have routinely been performed before first-line treatment in patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer in many cases, and EGFRTKI is usually selected as a first-line treatment for EGFR mutation-positive patients. In such patients, continuation EGFR-TKI beyond disease progression may prolong OS, while it may lead to decrease the opportunity to receive effective chemotherapy and compromise the survival as a result. Continuation of gefitinib in combination with chemotherapy did not improve progression-free survival and rather compromised OS compared with chemotherapy alone. Optimal timing to change treatments from EGFR-TKI to chemotherapy is another and more crucial issue to be resolved.
Depressive symptoms modify age effects on hippocampal subfields in older adults

Major depression is associated with hippocampal volume changes, especially in late‐life depression. These changes usually consist of volume reductions, but depression‐related increases in hippocampal volume have also been reported. Subfield analysis has identified structural changes primarily in the cornu ammonis (CA) 1, CA2–3 and subiculum of the hippocampus in individuals with major depression; however, it is unclear whether lower levels of depressive symptoms are also associated volume reduction, or if depressive symptoms interact with age to impact hippocampal subfields. The current study addressed these questions.
Discrepancy in Specular Microscopy-Measured Central Corneal Thickness Between Both Eye of a Patient

Katsue IMAMACHI1), Masaki TANITO1,2), Hisashi MASUDA3), Ikuko ICHIOKA4), Hiroshi ICHIOKA5), Akihiro OHIRA1) 1)Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan 2)Division of Ophthalmology, Matsue Red Cross Hospital, Matsue, 690-8506, Japan 3)Masuda Eye Clinic, Izumo, 693-0024, Japan 4)Ichioka Clinic, Matsue, 690-0007, Japan 5)Ichioka Eye Clinic, Matsue, 690-0012, Japan (Received March 31, 2016; Accepted March 31, 2016)
Factors that increase external pressure to the fibular head region, but not medial region, during use of a knee-crutch/leg-holder system in the lithotomy position

Background Paralysis of the common peroneal nerve is one of the relatively common nerve injuries related to the lithotomy position with the use of a knee-crutch/leg-holder system. Several risk factors have been implicated in lithotomy position-related common peroneal nerve paralysis during operation. Materials and methods In the present study, 21 young healthy volunteers participated in the investigation of the causes of the paralysis of the common peroneal nerve in the lithotomy position using a knee-crutch/leg-holder; Knee Crutch. We assessed the external pressure applied to the fibular head and medial regions using the Big-Mat pressure-distribution measurement system. Relationships between the peak contact pressure and physical characteristics, such as sex, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and fibular head circumference, were analyzed. Results The peak contact pressure to the fibular head region was greater for males than for females. For all subjects, significant positive correlations were observed between the peak contact pressure to the fibular head region and weight, BMI, or fibular head circumference. However, there was no significant difference between the peak contact pressure to the fibular head region and height for any subjects. Moreover, there was no sex-related difference in the peak contact pressure to the fibular medial region, and no significant differences between the peak contact pressure to the fibular medial region and height, weight, BMI, or fibular head circumference. Conclusion External pressure to the fibular head region is greater for males than for females using a knee-crutch/leg-holder system in the lithotomy position. In addition, the external pressure to the fibular head region, but not the fibular medial region, increases with increasing weight, BMI, and fibular head circumference. Therefore, these patient-related characteristics may contribute to the risk of developing lower-extremity neuropathy, leading to injury or ischemia of the common peroneal nerve.
Models for erectile dysfunction and their importance to novel drug discovery

ABSTRACT Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED) affects quality of life and is a barometer for vascular health. The pathophysiology is complex and multifactorial. Animal models have been critical in elucidating an improved comprehension of erectile function. They provide experimental platforms where desired physiologic, and non-physiologic perturbations can be performed. Results have led to the development of novel therapeutic targets. Areas covered: The current article provides an overview of history of animal models in ED research as well as a review of the current roles in the study of ED. The authors highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each model while illustrating the similarities to the human condition and summarizing the major preclinical studies investigating novel therapeutic targets in the treatment of ED. Expert opinion: Animal models have been instrumental in the discovery of the current therapeutic agents. Advances in molecular biology and proteomics have uncovered many novel potential targets including tissue regeneration and stem cell applications. Rodent models are the current animal model of choice for ED research due to lower cost, well-established modeling protocol, and the ability to manipulate genetically. Future clinical trials should directly assess the translatability of these animal models to humans as well as the safety risks and long-term efficacy that the results generate.
Silicon Nanowires for Biosensor Applications

Nanostructures have attracted great attention not only in scientific research, but also in engineering applications during the last decades. Especially in combination with biological systems, whose complex function is controlled from nanoscale building blocks, nanotechnological developments find a huge field of applications in the medical sector. This work is dedicated to the functional understanding and technical implementation of silicon nanowires for future medical sensor applications. In contrast to doped silicon nanowire based sensors, this work is focussed on pure, undoped silicon nanowires, which have lower demands on production techniques and use Schottky-barriers as electric field detectors. The pH and biosensing capabilities of such undoped silicon nanowire field effect transistors were investigated theoretically and experimentally and further integrated in a lab-on-a-chip device as well as a small-scale multiplexer measurement device. In a second separate part, the optical sensing properties of undoped silicon nanowires were theoretically modeled. The main contents of both parts are shortly described in the following paragraphs.
Species specificity of Bordetella adherence to human and animal ciliated respiratory epithelial cells

Bacteria of the genus Bordetella adhere preferentially to ciliated respiratory epithelial cells. We investigated the specificity of this unique tropism by assessing the concentration-dependent adherence of the three Bordetella species to ciliated cells from different hosts. Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis adhere better to human ciliated cells than to those from rabbits, mice, or hamsters. In contrast, Bordetella bronchiseptica demonstrates preferential adherence to nonhuman mammalian ciliated cells of rabbits, mice, and hamsters. There was no attachment of any Bordetella organisms to chicken ciliated cells. These observations suggest that specificities of attachment may explain the marked predominance of B. pertussis as the cause of whooping cough in humans and of B. bronchiseptica as a respiratory pathogen of many nonhuman mammals.
Intrapartum management associated with obesity in nulliparous women.

INTRODUCTION The objective of this systematic review was to determine the current state of knowledge about intrapartum management associated with obesity in healthy nulliparous women. Nulliparous obese women are at higher risk for unplanned cesarean birth when compared with their normal-weight counterparts, and much of this increased risk is associated with labor management differences. There is a need to better understand the differences in intrapartum management of nulliparous women who are obese. METHODS The PubMed, CINAHL, EBSCO, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE databases were searched in August 2012, with identified studies then assessed for applicability and quality. Eight studies were retained for the review. RESULTS Intrapartum interventions used significantly more often for healthy, obese nulliparous women when compared with normal-weight women were induction of labor, augmentation of labor, and cesarean birth. It is unclear if assisted vaginal birth occurs more frequently among obese women. Epidural anesthesia, artificial rupture of membranes prior to 6 cm of cervical dilation, and early hospital admission were shown in separate studies to be used more often in obese women. Intrapartum interventions were used more frequently in obese women in a dose-dependent manner by body mass index. DISCUSSION Future studies examining the intrapartum management of obese nulliparous women are needed with: 1) samples defined by standardized obesity classifications; 2) further analysis of diverse intrapartum interventions; and 3) prospective, randomized designs to allow for causality conclusions linking intrapartum intervention use to an obese woman's risk for cesarean birth. Implications for clinical practice from this systematic review are that healthy, nulliparous obese women are exposed to common intrapartum interventions more often than normal-weight women. In the absence of evidence on the use of appropriate use of intrapartum interventions in this population, health care providers should carefully monitor management choices when working with healthy, nulliparous obese women.
Mefenamic acid decreases inflammation but not joint lesions in experimental osteoarthritis

Mefenamic acid is a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug able to control the symptoms of osteoarthritis (OA), but its effects on protection of cartilage and bone are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether the control of inflammation by mefenamic acid translates into decreased joint lesions in experimental OA in rats. OA was induced by injecting 1 mg of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into the joints of rats. The animals were treated with mefenamic acid (50 mg/kg, daily, oral gavage) either pre‐MIA injection (preventive) or post‐MIA injection (therapeutic). Joint swelling and hyperalgesia were evaluated at baseline and 1, 3, 14 and 28 days after induction of OA. Intra‐articular lavage and kinetics of cell migration into the synovium were measured 3 and 28 days after OA induction. Histopathological analysis, Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score, total synovium cells count, cartilage area and levels of proteoglycans in joints were also evaluated. Mefenamic acid prevented joint oedema and hyperalgesia induced by MIA in the acute phase (3 days) of the disease. In the chronic phase (28 days), preventive and therapeutic regimens decreased the number of mononuclear cells in the joint cavity. In contrast, thickening of the synovium, bone resorption, loss of cartilage and levels of proteoglycans were unaffected by mefenamic acid when it was administered either preventively or therapeutically. Thus, mefenamic acid had anti‐inflammatory effects but did not reduce the progression of OA lesions, thereby indicating that it is only effective for symptomatic control of OA.
Survey of medicinal plants currently used by herbalists in Lebanon

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Prevalence estimates of gambling and problem gambling among 13- to 15-year-old adolescents in Reykjavík: An examination of correlates of problem gambling and different accessibility to electronic gambling machines in Iceland

This paper reports the main findings from a prevalence study of adolescent gambling and problem gambling among Icelandic adolescents. The final sample consisted of 3,511 pupils aged 13 to 15 in 25 primary schools in Reykjavik. The results indicated that 93% of adolescents had gambled some time in their life and 70% at least once in the preceding year. Problem gambling prevalence rates were evaluated with two gambling screens, American Psychological Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual , 4th edition, Multiple-Response-Junior (DSM-IV-MR-J) and the South Oaks Gambling Screen Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA). The DSM-IV-MR-J identified 1.9% as problem gamblers, while SOGS-RA identified 2.8% as problem gamblers. The results also showed that problem gamblers reported more difficulties in school and used alcohol and other drugs more frequently than adolescents who gambled socially or not at all. Finally, evaluation of electronic gambling machine (EGM) accessibility revealed that gambling on low-stakes EGMs in public places was more common than on EGMs in arcades or bars and restaurants. The potential implications of these findings are discussed.
Maximum accuracy evaluation scheme for wireless saw delay-line sensors

This paper describes an evaluation scheme that prevents phase ambiguity of surface acoustic wave (SAW) delay-line sensors. Although it is well-known that phase evaluation yields accuracies of 150~1500 times higher than time-delay evaluation, the problem of phase ambiguity has prevented phase evaluation of sensors operating over a range larger than 2 pi. This paper addresses this unsolved problem with a complete strategy. Furthermore, the existence of an optimum choice of the relative reflector positions on the sensor is shown. The presented relations enable the design of maximum accuracy SAW delay-line sensors.
Maternal serum triglycerides as predictive factors for large‐for‐gestational age newborns in women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Objective. To determine the contribution of maternal lipids in predicting large‐for‐gestational age (LGA) newborns born to women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Design. Retrospective study. Setting. Yonsei University Health System, Korea. Population. A total of 104 women diagnosed with GDM between January 2000 and June 2008. Methods. Women who were positive on the 50 g oral glucose challenge test (24–28 weeks' gestation) and who were referred patients suspected of GDM underwent a 3 hours, 100 g oral glucose tolerance test for GDM diagnosis. Maternal fasting serum triglycerides and total, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were determined at 24–32 weeks' gestation. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine maternal parameters independently associated with delivering LGA newborns at term. Main outcome measures. Risk contributions for LGA newborns. Results. Maternal fasting serum triglyceride levels were significantly higher in mothers of LGA newborns compared with other mothers; however, no significant correlations were found between newborn birthweight and maternal fasting glucose, total cholesterol, or HDL cholesterol levels. After adjusting for confounding variables including prepregnancy body mass index, weight gain during pregnancy, age, and parity, maternal hypertriglyceridemia at 24–32 weeks' gestation remained an independent parameter for identifying term LGA newborns. Conclusions. In GDM pregnancies, determining maternal serum triglyceride levels during midpregnancy may help identify women likely to give birth to LGA newborns.
The impact of self-transcendence on physical health status promotion in multiple sclerosis patients attending peer support groups.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of self-transcendence on the physical health of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients attending peer support groups. This study was a quasi-experimental before-and-after design including 33 MS patients in three groups: 10 men in the men-only group, 11 women in the women-only group, and 12 men and women in the mixed group. Participants were required to attend eight weekly sessions of 2 h each. Instruments included the physical health section of the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Inventory and Reed's Self-Transcendence Scale. Peer support group attendance was found to have a significant positive effect on the physical health and self-transcendence of MS patients when comparing average scores before and after attendance. Regression analysis showed that improvement in self-transcendence predicted improvement in physical health. Results show the positive effects of peer support groups on self-transcendence and physical health in MS patients, and suggest that improvement in well-being can be gained by promoting self-transcendence and physical health.
Postinjury depression is a serious complication in adolescents after major trauma: injury severity and injury-event factors predict depression and long-term quality of life deficits.

BACKGROUND Little is known about the impact of postinjury depression after major trauma in adolescents. A prospective epidemiologic study was conducted to examine depression in injured adolescents. Specific objectives of this report are to identify risk factors for depression onset and the impact of depression on quality of life (QoL) outcomes. METHODS Four hundred one trauma patients were enrolled in this study (age, 12-19 years; injury severity score [ISS] ≥4). Depression diagnosis was based on the Children's Depression Inventory. QoL outcomes were measured using the Quality of Well-being Scale at 3-, 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month follow-up. RESULTS Depression at discharge was diagnosed in 41% of 399 adolescent trauma survivors with complete Children's Depression Inventory data. Multivariate logistic regression identified ISS, >3 body regions injured, low socioeconomic status, family members injured at the scene, and suicidal ideology or attempted suicide before injury as strong and independent predictors of depression risk. ISS and three or more body regions injured predicted depression risk. Patients with severe injury (ISS ≥17) were twice more likely to have depressive symptoms than patients with moderate injury (ISS <17; odds ratio [OR] = 2.0; p < 0.01). Patients with three or more body regions injured were more likely to have depressive symptoms than patients with less than three body regions injured (OR = 2.1; p < 0.01). Adolescents from low socioeconomic status families were more likely to be depressed (OR = 2.2; p < 0.05). Adolescent patients who witnessed family injured at the trauma event were also more likely to be depressed (OR = 2.4; p < 0.01). Patients who experienced suicidal ideology or attempted suicide preinjury were more likely to be depressed than adolescent patients who did not (OR = 2.87; p < 0.05). Quality of well-being scores were significantly and markedly lesser for patients with depression across the 24-month follow-up (3-18 months follow-up, p < 0.0001; 24 months: with depression = 0.738 vs. without depression = 0.784, p < 0.0001). Patients with depression were also significantly more likely to develop acute stress disorder and long-term posttraumatic stress disorder (OR = 1.8, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Postinjury depression is a major and an important complication in seriously injured adolescents. Adolescent trauma survivors have high rates of predischarge depression. Depression severely impacts QoL outcomes and is associated with injury severity, injury event-related factors, social factors, acute stress disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Early recognition and treatment of DEPR in seriously injured adolescents will improve acute trauma care and long-term QoL outcomes.
Simultaneous Clustering and Model Selection: Algorithm, Theory and Applications

While clustering has been well studied in the past decade, model selection has drawn much less attention due to the difficulty of the problem. In this paper, we address both problems in a joint manner by recovering an ideal affinity tensor from an imperfect input. By taking into account the relationship of the affinities induced by the cluster structures, we are able to significantly improve the affinity input, such as repairing those entries corrupted by gross outliers. More importantly, the recovered ideal affinity tensor also directly indicates the number of clusters and their membership, thus solving the model selection and clustering jointly. To enforce the requisite global consistency in the affinities demanded by the cluster structure, we impose a number of constraints, specifically, among others, the tensor should be low rank and sparse, and it should obey what we call the rank-1 sum constraint. To solve this highly non-smooth and non-convex problem, we exploit the mathematical structures, and express the original problem in an equivalent form amenable for numerical optimization and convergence analysis. To scale to large problem sizes, we also propose an alternative formulation, so that those problems can be efficiently solved via stochastic optimization in an online fashion. We evaluate our algorithm with different applications to demonstrate its superiority, and show it can adapt to a large variety of settings.