Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical factors and angiographic features associated with premature coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND Clinical, angiographic, and biochemical features may differ in young patients with coronary heart disease compared with older patients. METHODS We compared clinical and angiographic characteristics in 100 male patients with clinical onset of disease at age < or = 45 years (group 1) with those of 100 older male patients (clinical onset of disease at > or = 60 years) (group 2). All patients had documented coronary artery disease. The two patient groups were compared in terms of the pattern of angina at disease onset, angiographic features, and coronary risk factors. RESULTS Seventy-six patients in group 1 and 49 patients in group 2 presented with acute coronary syndromes (unstable angina or myocardial infarction) at clinical disease onset (p < 0.001). Compared with patients in group 2, younger patients (group 1) showed a preponderance of single-vessel disease (54 vs 36%; p < 0.001) and complex stenosis morphologic features (59 vs 36%; p < 0.01). Family history of coronary artery disease (39 vs 11%; p < 0.001) and smoking (73 vs 46%; p < 0.001) were also more prevalent in younger patients. Mean plasma total cholesterol level was 6.4 +/- 1.3 mmol/L in group 1 and 6.1 +/- 1.2 mmol/L in group 2 (p = NS). Younger patients, however, had lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (0.9 +/- 0.2 mmol/L and 1.1 +/- 0.4 mmol/L; p < 0.01) and higher plasma triglyceride levels compared with patients of group 2 (2.7 +/- 1.3 mmol/L vs 2.1 +/- 1.1 mmol/L; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with premature coronary disease referred to coronary angiography commonly have unheralded acute onset of symptoms, angiographically complex stenosis morphologic features, and less extensive coronary artery disease. In addition to previously identified risk factors such as family history and smoking, we observed that high plasma triglyceride and low HDL cholesterol levels are associated with premature coronary artery disease.
Design and Minimization of Reversible Circuits for a Data Acquisition and Storage System

Reducing power dissipation is the ultimate objective in the world of VLSI circuit design. Conventional logic dissipates more power by losing bits of information whereas reversibility recovers bit loss from the unique input-output mapping. Thus reversible logic has become immensely popular research area and its applications have spread in various technologies. In this paper we have proposed the compact design of reversible circuits for a data acquisition and storage system. The design comprises with a compact reversible analog-to-digital converter and a reversible address register . In the way of designing this data acquisition and storage system we have proposed a reversible J-K flip-flop with asynchronous inputs, a reversible D flip-flop and a reversible three state buffer register. All the reversible designs individually have less number of gates, garbage outputs and quantum cost compared with the existing ones and have outperformed those described in the literature. Moreover we have proposed some lower bounds for designing these reversible components of the compact data acquisition and storage system.
Wnts Influence the Timing and Efficiency of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Generation in the Telencephalon

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are generated from multiple progenitor domains in the telencephalon in developmental succession from ventral to dorsal. Previous studies showed that Wnt signaling inhibits the differentiation of OPCs into mature oligodendrocytes. Here we explored the hypothesis that Wnt signaling limits the generation of OPCs from neural progenitors during forebrain development. We manipulated Wnt signaling in mouse neural progenitor cultures and found that Wnt signaling influences progenitors cell autonomously to alter the production of OPCs, and that endogenous Wnt signaling in these cultures limits the efficiency of generating OPCs from neural progenitors. To examine these events in vivo, we electroporated a soluble Wnt inhibitor or a dominant-negative transcriptional regulator into embryonic mouse neocortical ventricular zone before the usual onset of OPC production and showed that decreasing Wnt signaling in cortical progenitors results in early production of OPCs. Our studies indicate that Wnt signaling influences the timing and extent of OPC production in the developing telencephalon.
Polish Households Between Transition and Informal Markets

The paper analyzes the after transition informal market characteristics in Poland in 1995 using a specific survey (GUS 1995) matched with the classic Labor Force Survey . The participation probabilities of three types of underground activities (working, buying, hiring) are discussed. The impact of underground participation on regular consumption is analyzed using AIDS and QAIDS models by matching the informal markets participation probabilities with consumption survey and panel. The virtual price concept is used to identify economically constrained participation in informal markets. The hypothesis of the network effect (Fortin et al (2000)) among different informal activities is tested as well.
Effects of Conditioning Depolarization and Repetitive Stimulation on and Qv Charge Components in Frog Cut Twitch Fibers

Charge movement was measured in frog cut twitch fibers with the double Vaseline-gap technique. Steady-state inactivation of charge movement was studied by changing the holding potential from 9 0 mV to a level ranging from 7 0 to 3 0 mV. Qa and Qv at each holding potential were separated by fitting the Q-V plot with a sum of two Boltzmann distribution functions. At 7 0 mV Qa and Qv were inactivated to 54.0% (SEM 2.2) and 82.7% (SEM 3.0) of the amounts at 9 0 mV. At holding potentials > 6 0 mV, more Qv was inactivated than QI3, and at 3 0 mV Qv was completely inactivated but Qa was not. There was no holding potential at which Qa was unaffected and Qv was completely inactivated. The differences between the residual fractions of QI~ and Qv are significant at all holding potentials (P < 0.001-0.05). The plot of the residual fraction of QI3 or Qv versus holding potential can be fitted well by an inverted sigmoidal curve that is a mirror image of the activation curve of the respective charge component. The pair of curves for Qv correlates well with those for tension generation or Ca release obtained by other investigators. The time courses of the inactivation of QI3 and Qv were studied by obtaining several Q-V plots with conditioning depolarizations lasting 1-20 s and separating each Q-V plot into Qo and Qv components by fitting with a sum of two Boltzmann distribution functions. The inactivation time constant of Q ~ was found to be 5-10 times as large as that of Qv. During repetitive stimulation, prominent I v humps could be observed in TEST-minus-CONTROL current traces and normal Qv components could be separated from the Q-V plots, whether 20 or 50 mM EGTA was present in the internal solution, whether 2 or 10 stimulations were used, and whether the stimuli were separated by 400 ms or 6 s. Repetitive stimulation slowed the kinetics of the I v hump and could shift the Q-V curve slightly in the depolarizing direction in some cases, resulting in an apparent suppression of charge at the potentials that fall on the steep part of the Q-V curve. Address reprint requests to Dr. Chiu Shuen Hui, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Indiana University Medical Center, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202. Dr. Chen's present addressis Department of Surgery, University ofChicago, 5841S. Maryland Ave., Chmago, IL 60637. j. GEN. PHYSIOL. ~) The Rockefeller University Press • 0022-1295/92/06/1017/27 $2.00 Volume 99 June 1992 1017-1043 1017 on A ril 2, 2017 D ow nladed fom Published June 1, 1992
Hell Is Other People? Gender and Interactions with Strangers in the Workplace Influence a Person’s Risk of Depression

We suggest that interactions with strangers at work influence the likelihood of depressive disorders, as they serve as an environmental stressor, which are a necessary condition for the onset of depression according to diathesis-stress models of depression. We examined a large dataset (N = 76,563 in K = 196 occupations) from the German pension insurance program and the Occupational Information Network dataset on occupational characteristics. We used a multilevel framework with individuals and occupations as levels of analysis. We found that occupational environments influence employees’ risks of depression. In line with the quotation that ‘hell is other people’ frequent conflictual contacts were related to greater likelihoods of depression in both males and females (OR = 1.14, p<.05). However, interactions with the public were related to greater likelihoods of depression for males but lower likelihoods of depression for females (ORintercation = 1.21, p<.01). We theorize that some occupations may involve interpersonal experiences with negative emotional tones that make functional coping difficult and increase the risk of depression. In other occupations, these experiences have neutral tones and allow for functional coping strategies. Functional strategies are more often found in women than in men.
Response of Growing Buffalo Calves to Dietary Supplementation of Caraway and Garlic as Natural Additives

The current study was conducted to examine the ability of using natural additives to manipulate rumen fermentation, improve nutrient utilization and animal performance in growing male buffalo calves. Sixteen buffalo calves of 12-14 months of age weighing 170 ±9.6 kg were divided into 4 groups, 4 animals / each. Caraway seed and garlic powder were added to calves basic diet (control) at levels of 2 g caraway seed (CS,T ), 1 2 g dried garlic (DG,T ), 2 g caraway and 2 g garlic (T ) / kg diet and were fed for 6 months experimental period. 23 Blood metabolites were monthly determined. Before the end of the experiment a digestibility trail was performed and rumen liquor was collected. Daily feed consumption was recorded. The results showed that feeding caraway garlic, or both significantly increased (p 0.05) in calves fed both caraway and garlic (T ) than other 3 groups. In addition, caraway and garlic improve rumen fermentation parameters in terms of increasing total volatile fatty acids, increasing rumen pH and decreasing rumen ammonia. Moreover, calves fed the treatment diets had greater (P < 0.05) serum concentrations of total protein, globulin and lower cholesterol and ALT compared with those fed the control diet. The findings of the present study suggest that caraway and garlic can be supplemented to growing male buffalo for better nutrient digestibilties, performance, rumen fermentation and metabolic status.
Affect-LM: A Neural Language Model for Customizable Affective Text Generation

Human verbal communication includes affective messages which are conveyed through use of emotionally colored words. There has been a lot of research effort in this direction but the problem of integrating state-of-the-art neural language models with affective information remains an area ripe for exploration. In this paper, we propose an extension to an LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) language model for generation of conversational text, conditioned on affect categories. Our proposed model, Affect-LM enables us to customize the degree of emotional content in generated sentences through an additional design parameter. Perception studies conducted using Amazon Mechanical Turk show that Affect-LM can generate naturally looking emotional sentences without sacrificing grammatical correctness. Affect-LM also learns affect-discriminative word representations, and perplexity experiments show that additional affective information in conversational text can improve language model prediction.
User Interfaces for Speech-Based Retrieval of Lecture Recordings

Despite recent efforts in indexing and retrieving of audio data, common speech and audio search engines do return not only relevant results but also lots of documents that have no importance to the users. In addition, relevant information can be distributed over different parts of a file. Therefore, it is essential to represent the retrieval result in a way that enables users to easily filter relevant from irrelevant documents and to allow for comfortable and flexible skimming, selection, and access of interesting parts. In this paper we discuss a particular example for this problem, namely audio retrieval of lecture recordings. Six different interfaces are introduced, an evaluation of their usability is given, and a final interface design is presented.
Maintenance Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Sessions are Associated with Reduced Depressive Relapses in Patients with Unipolar or Bipolar Depression

Introduction: Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) is a new form of TMS allowing safe stimulation of deep brain regions. The objective of this preliminary study was to assess the role of dTMS maintenance sessions in protecting patients with bipolar disorder (BD) or recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD) from developing depressive or manic relapses in a 12-month follow-up period. Methods: Twenty-four drug-resistant patients with a current depressive episode and a diagnosis of MDD or BD have been enrolled in the study. All the participants underwent daily dTMS sessions for 4 weeks. One group (maintenance – M group) received additional maintenance dTMS sessions weekly or twice a week. Results: After the first dTMS cycle, a significant reduction of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) scores was observed in all participants. Subsequently, the HDRS mean scores did not significantly change over time in the M group, while it significantly increased in the non-M-group after 6 and 12 months. Discussion: This study confirms previous evidence of a positive therapeutic effect of dTMS on depressive symptoms and suggests that, after recovery from acute episodes, maintenance dTMS sessions may be helpful in maintaining euthymia in a 12-month follow-up period.
Overpayment Distribution in Scale-free Networks

We investigate the distribution of vertex overpayments in a kind of power-law networks when the degree distribution exponent is varied from 2 to infin . The overpayment of one vertex is the sum of the increase of shortest path lengths among all pairs of vertices in the network if the vertex were deleted. We find the overpayment increases with degree in the power-law form not only in heterogeneous networks but also in homogeneous networks, which discloses the fact that those high-connected vertices obtain more benefit, and also take on more traffic. Hence, we define the bonus per packet to describe how much the benefit of a vertex is for carrying one packet. Our investigation shows a vertex with a larger degree will charge more than that with a smaller degree for transmitting per packet in heterogeneous networks, and the difference between those vertices with different degrees becomes minor when the network becomes more homogeneous.
Extreme-Value Characteristics in Daily Time Series of Swedish Stock Returns

The paper studies Swedish stock series using extreme-value theoretical approaches. In a univariate setting support is found for the Frechet family of distributions for minima and maxima. Pairs of return series are found to be asymptotically independent throughout. The results render support for joint modelling based on flexible moment specifications or, e.g., copulas.
Adaptive local tone mapping based on retinex for high dynamic range images

In this paper, we present a new tone mapping technique for high dynamic range images based on the retinex theory. Our algorithm consists of two steps, global adaptation and local adaptation of the human visual system. In the local adaptation process, the Gaussian filter of the retinex algorithms is substituted with a guided filter to reduce halo artifacts. To guarantee good rendition and dynamic range compression, we propose a contrast enhancement factor based on the luminance values of the scene. In addition, an adaptive nonlinearity offset is introduced to deal with the strength of the logarithm function's nonlinearity. Experiments show that our algorithm provides satisfactory results while preserving details and reducing halo artifacts.
Attendance Rates and Academic Achievement: Do Attendance Policies and Class Size Effects Impact Student Performance?

This paper investigates the impact of a mandatory attendance policy on student grades. Data collected from 301 students in microeconomics principles classes taught by the same instructor are used to estimate performance. The empirical analysis controls for the endogeneity of attendance rates and class size. Results indicate that GPA prior to taking the course and SAT scores are consistent predictors of student performance, even after accounting for student withdrawals. In addition, attendance rates are not found to be significant indicators of exam grades after accounting for simultaneity. Since class size and the attendance policy do not appear to influence grades, it is suggested that instructors encourage, but not mandate attendance in both small and large lecture settings.
Spinodal-assisted crystallization in polymer melts

Recent experiments in some polymer melts quenched below the melting temperature have reported spinodal kinetics in small-angle x-ray scattering before the emergence of a crystalline structure. To explain these observations we propose that the coupling between density and chain conformation induces a liquid-liquid binodal within the equilibrium liquid-crystalline solid coexistence region. A simple phenomenological theory is developed to illustrate this idea, and several experimentally testable consequences are discussed. Shear is shown to enhance the kinetic role of the hidden binodal.
Individual and Institutional Contributors to Research in Accounting Education

This study provides an appraisal of contributor sources for research published in the primary serial outlets for accounting education based on an analysis of individual author sources, institutional affiliations, and the geographic origins of research contributors. The study improves upon previously published contributor analysis and ranking studies in accounting by offering separate recognition of the leading individual and institutional sources of education learning and pedagogical research. The analysis is based on 868 articles published in six accounting education journals for ten years 1998 to 2007. Results from the study indicate that accounting education provides a vehicle for scholarly dialogue across a very broad segment of the accounting research community worldwide. The study identifies the top 25 most frequently contributing individuals and a ranking of the top 40 institutional sources for published research. Findings also indicate that accounting education research continues its emergence as a respected avenue for intellectual pursuit as evidenced by the substantial number of contributing authors affiliated with quality doctoral degree granting institutions.
When can we test less?

When it is impractical to rigorously assess all parts of complex systems, test engineers use defect detectors to focus their limited resources. We define some properties of an ideal defect detector and assess different methods of generating one. In the case study presented here, traditional methods of generating such detectors (e.g. reusing detectors from the literature, linear regression, model trees) were found to be inferior to those found via a PACE analysis.
Superforecasting: The Art and Science of Prediction

A New York Times Bestseller An Economist Best Book of 2015 "The most important book on decision making since Daniel Kahneman's Thinking, Fast and Slow. " Jason Zweig, The Wall Street Journal Everyone would benefit from seeing further into the future, whether buying stocks, crafting policy, launching a new product, or simply planning the weeks meals. Unfortunately, people tend to be terrible forecasters. As Wharton professor Philip Tetlock showed in a landmark 2005 study, even experts predictions are only slightly better than chance. However, an important and underreported conclusion of that study was that some experts do have real foresight, and Tetlock has spent the past decade trying to figure out why. What makes some people so good? And can this talent be taught? In Superforecasting, Tetlock and coauthor Dan Gardner offer a masterwork on prediction, drawing on decades of research and the results of a massive, government-funded forecasting tournament. The Good Judgment Project involves tens of thousands of ordinary peopleincluding a Brooklyn filmmaker, a retired pipe installer, and a former ballroom dancerwho set out to forecast global events. Some of the volunteers have turned out to be astonishingly good. Theyve beaten other benchmarks, competitors, and prediction markets. Theyve even beaten the collective judgment of intelligence analysts with access to classified information. They are "superforecasters. " In this groundbreaking and accessible book, Tetlock and Gardner show us how we can learn from this elite group. Weaving together stories of forecasting successes (the raid on Osama bin Ladens compound) and failures (the Bay of Pigs) and interviews with a range of high-level decision makers, from David Petraeus to Robert Rubin, they show that good forecasting doesnt require powerful computers or arcane methods. It involves gathering evidence from a variety of sources, thinking probabilistically, working in teams, keeping score, and being willing to admit error and change course. Superforecasting offers the first demonstrably effective way to improve our ability to predict the futurewhether in business, finance, politics, international affairs, or daily lifeand is destined to become a modern classic.
Generalized low-density (GLD) lattices

We propose the construction of a new family of lattice sphere packings. Given a small-dimensional lattice, we start by building a first lattice in a large dimension by the direct sum of the small lattice. Then, the coordinates of the first large lattice are permuted to yield a second large-dimensional lattice. Finally, our generalized low-density (GLD) lattice is the intersection of the first and the second lattice. We restrict our construction in this paper to integer lattices. GLD lattices are the result of mixing classical lattice theory with modern coding theory. They are potential candidates not only for channel coding as coded modulations, but also for physical-layer network coding and for secure digital communications.
A Field Experiment on the Impact of Incentives on Milk Choice in the Lunchroom

Almost a third of US children ages two to nineteen are deemed overweight or obese, and part of the problem is the habitual decision to consume high-calorie, low-nutrient foods. We propose that the school lunchroom provides a “teachable moment” to engage children in making healthful choices. We conduct a field experiment with over 1,500 participants in grades K to 8 from low-income households in the Chicago Heights, Illinois, School District and then evaluate the impact of small nonmonetary incentives on the selection of milk in the school lunchroom. At baseline, only 16 percent of children select white milk relative to 84 percent choosing chocolate milk. We find a significant effect of incentives, which increase white milk selection by 2.5 times, to 40 percent. One concern with incentives is that they may decrease intrinsic motivation to eat healthy, called “crowd-out of intrinsic motivation. ” However, we do not find evidence of “crowd-out”; rather, we see some suggestive evidence of the positive habit forming effect of incentives.