Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Introducing the Perfect: An Exercise in Pedagogic Grammar

The perfect in English creates problems for both elementary and advanced learners. It is interpreted frequently as an optional alternative to the simple past tense; this interpretation of its function leads to frequent errors of tense usage. Difficulties with the present perfect tense are often reinforced by faulty teaching. The basic uses of the perfect are outlined and contrasted with the functions of the simple past tense. For some meanings of the perfect, namely, state up to the present and habit in a period leading up to the present, the perfect involves a view of time which contrasts with that implicit in the simple past. These are obligatory contexts for the perfect tense. With the resultative past meaning however, the perfect is an optional alternative to the simple past. Many teachers begin their teaching of the present perfect by introducing it in its resultative past meaning, thus leading the learner to think that the perfect is in free variation with the simple past. In this article a classroom lesson devoted to the perfect tense is discussed, showing how a basic confusion can be created for the learner if the resultative past meaning is taught too early, rather than introducing the perfect in contexts where it is clearly in contrast with the simple past. Suggestions for the teaching of the perfect are given.
Sed1p and Srl1p are required to compensate for cell wall instability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants defective in multiple GPI‐anchored mannoproteins

The covalently linked cell wall protein Ccw12p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a GPI‐anchored protein (V. Mrsa et al., 1999, J Bacteriol 181: 3076–3086). Although only 121 amino acids long, the haemagglutinin‐tagged protein released by laminarinase from the cell wall possesses an apparent molecular mass of > 300 kDa. A membrane‐bound form with an apparent molecular mass of 58 kDa is highly O‐ and N‐glycosylated and contains the GPI anchor. With a half‐life of 2 min, the membrane form is transformed to the > 300 kDa form. The deletion mutant ccw12Δ grows slower than the wild type, is highly sensitive to Calcofluor white and contains 2.5 times more chitin. Further, compared with wild‐type yeast, significantly more proteins are released from intact cells when treated with dithiothreitol. Interestingly, these defects become less pronounced when further GPI‐anchored cell wall proteins are deleted. Mutant ΔGPI (simultaneous deletion of CCW12, CCW13/DAN1, CCW14, TIP1 and CWP1) is similar in many respects to wild‐type yeast. To find out how the cell wall is stabilized in mutant ΔGPI, a genome‐wide transcription analysis was performed. Of 159 significantly regulated genes, 14 encode either known or suspected cell wall‐associated proteins. Analysis of genes affected in transcription revealed that SED1 and SRL1 in particular are required to reconstruct cell wall stability in the absence of multiple GPI‐anchored mannoproteins.
A Premature Termination of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Transcription in Escherichia coli

Our success in producing an active epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase in Escherichia coli encouraged us to express the full-length receptor in the same host. Despite its large size, we were successful at producing the full-length EGFR protein fused to glutathione S-transferase (GST) that was detected by Western blot analysis. Moreover, we obtained a majoritarian truncated GST-EGFR form detectable by gel electrophoresis and Western blot. This truncated protein was purified and confirmed by MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis to belong to the N-terminal extracellular region of the EGFR fused to GST. Northern blot analysis showed two transcripts suggesting the occurrence of a transcriptional arrest.
Patient satisfaction with hospital care: effects of demographic and institutional characteristics.

BACKGROUND There are a growing number of efforts to compare the service quality of health care organizations on the basis of patient satisfaction data. Such efforts inevitably raise questions about the fairness of the comparisons. Fair comparisons presumably should not penalize (or reward) health care organizations for factors that influence satisfaction scores but are not within the control of managers or clinicians. On the basis of previous research, these factors might include the demographic characteristics of patients (eg, age) and the institutional characteristics (eg, size) of the health care organizations where care was received. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to examine the extent to which a patient's satisfaction scores are related to both his/her demographic characteristics and the institutional characteristics of the health care organization where care was received. METHODS We conducted an analysis of secondary data from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), US Department of Veterans Affairs. The database contained patient responses to self-administered satisfaction questionnaires and information about demographic characteristics. Additional data from VHA were obtained regarding the institutional characteristics of the hospitals where patients received their care. RESULTS Among demographic characteristics, age, health status, and race consistently had a statistically significant effect on satisfaction scores. Among the institutional characteristics, hospital size consistently had a significant effect on patient satisfaction scores. CONCLUSIONS Study results can be interpreted as justifying the need to adjust patient satisfaction scores for differences in patient population among health care organizations. However, from a policy perspective, such adjustments may ultimately create a disincentive for health care organizations to customize their care.
Group Responses To Specially Skilled Individuals in a Macaca Fascicularis Group

The aim of this study was to investigate the capability of monkeys to assess special characteristics in conspecifics. In a first phase I ascertained that all members of a colony of longtailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) were able to attain food by manipulating a one lever apparatus, thus introducing the "tradition" of lever pulling. Then, experiments were carried out on subgroups of the colony where only one of the lower ranking subgroup members was trained to succeed in a more complex task where three levers had to be pulled in a correct sequence. Eight specialists were established in sequence. These specialists became food producers for themselves and for the other group members. Each trial of a specialist's series was carried out in two phases. In the first, the food phase, the food dispensing apparatus was active and responses of other subgroup members to the food producing specialist were observed. In the second, the social phase, the apparatus remained inactive and observations focused on social interactions of the subgroup. As expected, primarily high ranking subgroup members attempted to participate in the food rewards gained by the specialist. It is shown that high ranking animals began to hold back their initial chasing of the specialist from the food site in course of the trials and were soon tolerated to sit near the subordinate food producer. Furthermore, some of the non-specialists began to follow or even to pass the specialist when he was approaching the apparatus to manipulate the levers. These non-specialists thus indicated that they were able to anticipate later actions. In seven out of 55 specialist-non-specialist relationships all predicted changes in social interactions occurred. In the majority of the dyads in which a change in social affiliation was registered an increase of grooming or spatial proximity was positively correlated with the amount of benefit gained from the specialist. In the social phase of the trials the non-specialists gave more grooming to the food producers and maintained spatial proximity even in this second phase. To conclude: At least some of the group members became aware of the skills of the specialists and adapted their behaviour accordingly as if to maximize benefits from their skills. Previous studies had already suggested that monkeys know about social position, social relationships and kinship of group members. This study adds a new aspect of knowledge, namely knowledge on capabilities and skills of others. Differential knowledge allows monkeys to select partners optimally according to their skills and social position.
The politics of writing

Writing matters: it plays a key role in the circulation of ideas in society and has a direct impact on the development of democracy. But only a few get to do the kind of writing that most influence this development. The Politics of Writing examines writing as a social practice. The authors draw on critical linguistics, cultural studies and literacy studies, as they explore and analyse: * the social context in which writing is embedded * the processes and practices of writing * the purposes of writing * the reader-writer relationship * issues of writer identity. They challenge current notions of 'correctness' and argue for a more democratic pedagogy as part of the answer to the inequitable distribution of the right to write.
Olfactory awareness is positively associated to odour memory

We investigated the relationship between olfactory awareness and olfactory proficiency as determined by a set of standardised olfactory tasks. Olfactory awareness was indexed by scores in questionnaires focusing on odour interest, imagery ability, and prevalence of olfactory dreams. Nineteen subjects with high and 20 subjects with low odour awareness were presented with a set of standardised olfactory tasks: odour threshold, episodic odour recognition, and odour identification. The results showed that individuals with high odour awareness excelled in odour memory and identified more odours as compared with the low awareness group. Interestingly, odour naming ability exerted no influence on odour memory. Furthermore, high odour awareness was not related to a more sensitive olfactory sensory system as determined by olfactory threshold measurements.
Integrating sustainability into business curricula: University of New Hampshire case study

Purpose – This paper aims to demonstrate how sustainable development education can be implemented at business schools, despite institutional barriers, through innovative and collaborative relationships with internal and external stakeholders. Businesses are beginning to accept their social responsibility through proactive approaches to maximizing their net social contribution, embracing opportunities and managing risks resulting from their economic, environmental and social impacts. Yet, many business schools are lagging in integration of sustainability into their curriculum, and as a result are not adequately educating future business leaders. Design/methodology/approach – This case study presents the challenges in developing and implementing sustainability education, as well as analyzes the various underlying drivers of these barriers. The paper provides a detailed description of some of the ways one business school has overcome these barriers, and provides generalizable insights that can help other bus.
A Multilevel Systemic Model of Community Attachment: Assessing the Relative Importance of the Community and Individual Levels1

To what extent does community context affect individuals’ social ties and levels of community attachment? The authors replicate Sampson’s multilevel version of Kasarda and Janowitz’s systemic model of community using data from a survey of nearly 10,000 people residing in 99 small Iowa communities. They improve on Sampson’s work by using multilevel statistical tools, better measurement of community attachment, and data from 99 actual communities. While the authors find general support for the systemic model, their results suggest that the community one lives in actually has little effect on one’s level of community attachment, calling into question many of the basic assumptions and findings of past community research.
ID-based Cryptography from Composite Degree Residuosity

We present identity-based identification (resp. encryption, signature, blind signature, ring signature) from composite degree residuosity (CDR). Constructions of identifications and signatures motivated by several existing CDR-based bandwidth-efficient encryption schemes are presented. Their securities are proven equivalent to famous hard problems, in the random oracle model. Motivated by Cocks[12], we construct an identity-based encryption from CDR. Its security is proven equivalent to a new problem, the JSR (Jacobi Symbol of Roots of two quadratic polynomials) Problem. We prove JSR is at least as hard as QRP (Quadratic Residuosity Problem). Furthermore, we present the first two-way equivalence reduction of the security of Cocks’ IBE, to the JSR Problem.
Bad Civil Society

Examinant les differentes versions de l'argument de la societe civile en faveur de la democratie liberale, l'A. interroge les raisons socio-economiques qui poussent les gens a rejoindre de mauvaises organisations qui portent prejudice aux associations et a l'efficacite democratique.
In vitro platelet adhesion to vascular subendothelium: Studies in patients with polycythaemia vera

In this work we studied platelet adhesion to subendothelial surfaces in 10 patients with polycythaemia vera and 10 healthy volunteers at 40% Hct (corresponding to the mean value of our control group) and 55% Hct (a value roughly corresponding to the mean Hct in polycythaemic patients). Platelet concentration was kept constant at 2.0–2.5 × 1011/l. The results indicate that there was a statistically significant increase in adhesion both in controls and in patients with Hct varying from 40% to 55%. The contribution of the higher Hct in promoting platelet adhesion was comparable in the two groups. When red blood cells (RBC) from the patients were tested with platelets from healthy volunteers in cross‐over experiments, they promoted adhesion in the same way as control RBC. Similarly, when patients' platelets were mixed with control RBC, adhesion was the same as control platelets. These data indicate that platelet and RBC contribution to this parameter are not significantly modified in this group of polycythaemic patients, provided that platelet and RBC values are adjusted to control range.
Der Verhaltensfragebogen bei Entwicklungsstörungen (VFE)

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Im deutschsprachigen Bereich besteht ein signifikantes Defizit an Verhaltensfragebogen zur Diagnostik bei Kindern mit schweren Entwicklungsstorungen, speziell geistiger Behinderung. Fragestellung: Die aus Australien stammende Developmental Behaviour Checklist (DBC) ist ein in der Verhaltensdiagnostik bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit schweren Entwicklungsstorungen international breit eingesetzter Fragebogen zur Erfassung von Problemen des Verhaltens und der Emotionen. Die DBC wurde als Verhaltensfragebogen bei Entwicklungsstorungen (VFE) ubersetzt und anhand der Daten einer umfangreiche Stichprobe von N = 721 Kindern und Jugendlichen mit geistiger Behinderung in Deutschland hinsichtlich ihrer psychometrischen Eigenschaften uberpruft. Methode: Die psychometrischen Analysen umfassten verschiedene Analysen zur Validitat und Reliabilitat. Fur die Normierung wurden Effekte von Alter, Geschlecht und Behinderungsgrad uberpruft. Ergebnisse: Die funf Faktoren der DBC konnten fur den VF.
The brain’s conversation with itself: neural substrates of dialogic inner speech

Inner speech has been implicated in important aspects of normal and atypical cognition, including the development of auditory hallucinations. Studies to date have focused on covert speech elicited by simple word or sentence repetition, while ignoring richer and arguably more psychologically significant varieties of inner speech. This study compared neural activation for inner speech involving conversations (‘dialogic inner speech’) with single-speaker scenarios (‘monologic inner speech’). Inner speech-related activation differences were then compared with activations relating to Theory-of-Mind (ToM) reasoning and visual perspective-taking in a conjunction design. Generation of dialogic (compared with monologic) scenarios was associated with a widespread bilateral network including left and right superior temporal gyri, precuneus, posterior cingulate and left inferior and medial frontal gyri. Activation associated with dialogic scenarios and ToM reasoning overlapped in areas of right posterior temporal cortex previously linked to mental state representation. Implications for understanding verbal cognition in typical and atypical populations are discussed.
Divorcing Romance, Rights and Radicalism: Beyond Pro and Anti in the Lesbian and Gay Marriage Debate

In this article about ‘For Better or Worse? Lesbian and Gay Marriage’ (Feminism & Psychology, 14[1]) we focus on the contributions to the special feature, the commentaries provided by Ellen Lewin (2004), Sheila Jeffreys (2004) and Sue Wise and Liz Stanley (2004), and on wider debates about lesbian and gay marriage and partnership recognition. We agree that ‘there is a lot of confusion/assumptions made about what “it” (i.e. “marriage”) is’ (Wise and Stanley, 2004: 333). Thus, when talking about same-sex partnership recognition we are concerned with civil marriage (or civil union, or civil partnership), and not religious marriage. Our emphasis is on the public not on the private sphere; we are less interested with the personal aspects of relationships (such as intimacy or commitment) than with their public function in, for instance, obtaining ‘rights and responsibilities’.
Learning to Attend to Threat Accelerates and Enhances Memory Consolidation

Practice on a procedural task involves within-session learning and between-session consolidation of learning, with the latter requiring a minimum of about four hours to evolve due to involvement of slower cellular processes. Learning to attend to threats is vital for survival and thus may involve faster memory consolidation than simple procedural learning. Here, we tested whether attention to threat modulates the time-course and magnitude of learning and memory consolidation effects associated with skill practice. All participants (N = 90) practiced in two sessions on a dot-probe task featuring pairs of neutral and angry faces followed by target probes which were to be discriminated as rapidly as possible. In the attend-threat training condition, targets always appeared at the angry face location, forming an association between threat and target location; target location was unrelated to valence in a control training condition. Within each attention training condition, duration of the between-session rest interval was varied to establish the time-course for emergence of consolidation effects. During the first practice session, we observed robust improvement in task performance (online, within-session gains), followed by saturation of learning. Both training conditions exhibited similar overall learning capacities, but performance in the attend-threat condition was characterized by a faster learning rate relative to control. Consistent with the memory consolidation hypothesis, between-session performance gains (delayed gains) were observed only following a rest interval. However, rest intervals of 1 and 24 hours yielded similar delayed gains, suggesting accelerated consolidation processes. Moreover, attend-threat training resulted in greater delayed gains compared to the control condition. Auxiliary analyses revealed that enhanced performance was retained over several months, and that training to attend to neutral faces resulted in effects similar to control. These results provide a novel demonstration of how attention to threat can accelerate and enhance memory consolidation effects associated with skill acquisition.
Idiosyncratic Deals and Voice Behavior

Informed by social exchange theory, this study examines whether and how employees reciprocate to their organizations for the idiosyncratic deals (i-deals) they receive. Specifically, the authors examined whether i-deals (in scheduling flexibility and professional development) are related to employees’ flexible work role orientation, social networking behavior, and organizational trust over time. In turn, they hypothesized that these mediating variables would be positively related to employees’ use of constructive voice. Data were collected from 466 managers and professionals in the United States and China at three points in time over a 10-month period. The data analyses revealed that flexible work role orientation, social networking behavior, and organizational trust all mediated the relationship between i-deals and voice behavior. Furthermore, the mediating effects were generally stronger for professional development i-deals than for scheduling flexibility i-deals and were generally stronger in the China sample than in the U.S. sample. The article concludes with a discussion of the utility of social exchange theory as a framework for future research on i-deals and for guiding the implementation of i-deals in organizational settings.
Problems with perception of space in Parkinson’s disease: a questionnaire study

A questionnaire was completed by 197 putative sufferers from Parkinson’s disease (PD), 43 sufferers from rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 73 normal age-matched controls. The study built on earlier work to explore further the PD sufferer’s experience of perceptual problems, especially changes in visual perception of the environment. The responses of the RA group allowed investigation of the possibility that any reported problems in the PD group resulted from a chronic and debilitating illness which affects the motor systems, rather than from Parkinson’s disease per se. The control and RA groups differed only on those questions that implicated motor problems (such as reaching for objects). The results suggest that, although the PD respondents are not abnormal in, for example, their descriptions of their own body image or judging the distance between nearby objects, they do notice significant changes in their perception of the world around them, reporting problems with judging distance and motion in the street.
The carboxy‐terminus of Alp4 alters microtubule dynamics to induce oscillatory nuclear movement led by the spindle pole body in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Alp4 is an essential component of the S. pombeγ‐tubulin complex. Overproduction of the carboxy‐terminus of Alp4 induces oscillatory nuclear movement led by the spindle pole body (SPB). The movement is not dependent on cytoplasmic dynein dhc1, or kinesin‐related proteins pkl1 and klp2. Rates of SPB movement correlate with elongation rates of microtubules (MTs) extending backwards from the moving SPB (backward‐extending MTs), showing that pushing forces exerted by backward‐extending MTs move the nucleus via the SPB. These backward‐extending MTs are more stable than those of control cells and, thus, are able to push the SPB further towards the cell end, inducing nuclear oscillation with larger amplitudes than in control cells. SPB movement is biased towards the new end of the cell where levels of the CLIP170 homolog Tip1 increase, suggesting that the movement is related to MT‐mediated cell polarity control. These results demonstrate that the carboxy‐terminus of Alp4 alters MT dynamics and induces nuclear oscillation by modulating a nuclear positioning mechanism based on the balance of MT pushing forces, and suggest that regulation of γ‐tubulin complex activity is important for controlling MT dynamics and nuclear positioning.