Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interrelationships Among Wage Dispersion, Employee Turnover, and Organizational Per- formance: A Study of the National Football League

We examine the interrelationships among wage dispersion, player turnover, and organizational performance using a sample of National Football League teams. We find that pay dispersion and player turnover are both negatively related to team performance, and that dispersion is positively related to turnover. We investigate whether dispersion's impact on performance is mediated by turnover and find only partial mediation; dispersion’s negative impact on performance is not solely via turnover. Pay dispersion thus has both indirect and direct effects on overall organizational performance, consistent with good collaborative employees leaving their firms and disenchanted employees staying with, and adversely affecting, their firms.
The Tragedy of Failure

This intriguing approach to international conflict seeks to facilitate a dialogue between academics and policymakers on how to better anticipate and prevent state failure, subsequent forced migration, and the terrorist threat that often results. Despite the far reaching implications of state failure, little research has been devoted to its consequences. Postulating that failed and failing states enable the existence of terrorist organizations, The Tragedy of Failure: Evaluating State Failure and Its Impact on the Spread of Refugees, Terrorism, and War bridges that gap. Both descriptive and prescriptive, the book offers a nuanced examination of the relationship between forced migration, state failure, and terrorism. The author suggests policy strategies that are capable of anticipating the onset of forced migration situations before they develop into crises and presents quantitative forecasting models with the ability to predict the occurrence of state failure and forced migration as much as two years in advance. Buoyed by this work and the tools it offers, policymakers can focus more closely on the issue of failed states and the movement of refugees and internally displaced persons in the interest of targeting and eliminating dangerous terrorist organizations.
Left tactile extinction following visual stimulation of a rubber hand.

In close analogy with neurophysiological findings in monkeys, neuropsychological studies have shown that the human brain constructs visual maps of space surrounding different body parts. In right-brain-damaged patients with tactile extinction, the existence of a visual peripersonal space centred on the hand has been demonstrated by showing that cross-modal visual-tactile extinction is segregated mainly in the space near the hand. That is, tactile stimuli on the contralesional hand are extinguished more consistently by visual stimuli presented near the ipsilesional hand than those presented far from it. Here, we report the first evidence in humans that this hand-centred visual peripersonal space can be coded in relation to a seen rubber replica of the hand, as if it were a real hand. In patients with left tactile extinction, a visual stimulus presented near a seen right rubber hand induced strong cross-modal visual-tactile extinction, similar to that obtained by presenting the same visual stimulus near the patient's right hand. Critically, this specific cross-modal effect was evident when subjects saw the rubber hand as having a plausible posture relative to their own body (i.e. when it was aligned with the subject's right shoulder). In contrast, cross-modal extinction was strongly reduced when the seen rubber hand was arranged in an implausible posture (i. e. misaligned with respect to the subject's right shoulder). We suggest that this phenomenon is due to the dominance of vision over proprioception: the system coding peripersonal space can be 'deceived' by the vision of a fake hand, provided that its appearance looks plausible with respect to the subject's body.
Breeding for survival and calving interval in Ireland

INTRODUCTION In a grass-based production system with seasonal calving, fertility is of major economic importance (Esslemont and Peeler, 1993). For breeding value estimation, currently intervals between successive calvings (CIV) are the only readily available fertility records in Ireland. However, animals with the worst fertility have no CIV in a seasonal calving system. For this reason, a simultaneous analysis of CIV and survival was proposed (Olori et al., 2002). Animals that appear in the data have a CIV and animals that do not re-appear are identified as being culled (for many reasons, including fertility). Hence, breeding values for survival (probability of surviving to the next lactation) and calving interval estimated simultaneously are expected to cover most of the genetic variation in fertility that can be recovered from calving dates. Survival was defined as involuntary culling, and therefore survival scores were pre-adjusted for milk yield within herd-year-season. However, milk yield might also play an important role in censoring of data and insemination decisions of the farmer. Therefore milk yield was included as a third trait in the analysis (Olori et al., 2002). Survival adjusted for milk yield (SURV) and CIV now form part of the national index for selecting of dairy bulls in Ireland (Veerkamp et al., 2002). The objective of this research project was to improve the accuracy and availability of these proofs by expanding the existing evaluation model from a multi trait evaluation of first lactation SURV, CIV and milk yield (Olori et al., 2002) into a simultaneous evaluation of 13 traits: First, second and third lactations for SURV, CIV and milk yield, and three linear type traits and body condition score as predictors of SURV and CIV. Here we present some of the choices made and some of the results for the improvements to the method.
Discovery of a Magnetic White Dwarf in the Symbiotic Binary Z Andromedae

We report the first result from our survey of rapid variability in symbiotic binaries: the discovery of a persistent oscillation at P=1682.6 ± 0.6 s in the optical emission from the prototype symbiotic Z Andromedae. The oscillation was detected on all eight occasions on which the source was observed over a time span of nearly 1 yr, making it the first such persistent periodic pulse found in a symbiotic binary. The amplitude was typically 2-5 mmag, and it was correlated with the optical brightness during a relatively small outburst of the system. The most natural explanation is that the oscillation arises from the rotation of an accreting magnetic (BS≳105G) white dwarf. This discovery constrains the outburst mechanisms, since the oscillation emission region near the surface of the white dwarf was visible during the outburst.
The Economics of Welfare

The Economics of Welfare occupies a privileged position in economics. It contributed to the professionalization of economics, a goal aggressively and effectively pursued by Pigou's predecessor and teacher Alfred Marshall. The Economics of Welfare also may be credited with establishing welfare economics, by systematically analyzing market departures and their potential remedies. In writing The Economics of Welfare, Pigou built a bridge between the old and the new economics at Cambridge and in Britain. Much of the book remains relevant for contemporary economics. The list of his analyses that continues to play an important role in economics is impressive. Some of the more important include: public goods and externalities, welfare criteria, index number problems, price discrimination, the theory of the firm, the structure of relief programs for the poor, and public finance. Pigou's discussion of the institutional structure governing labor-market operations in his Wealth and Welfare prompted Schumpeter to call the work "the greatest venture in labor economics ever undertaken by a man who was primarily a theorist. " The Economics of Welfare established welfare economics as a field of study. The first part analyzes the relationship between the national dividend and economic and total welfare. Parts II and III link the size of the dividend to the allocation of resources in the economy and the institutional structure governing labor-market operations. Part IV explores the relationship between the national dividend and its distribution. In her new introduction, Nahid Aslanbeigui discusses the life of Pigou and the history of The Economics of Welfare. She also discusses Pigou's theories as expressed in this volume and some of the criticisms those theories have met as well as the impact of those criticisms. The Economics of Welfare is a classic that repays careful study.
COORDINATING MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS FOR REASONING ABOUT MECHANICAL DEVICES

People often draw inferences about the same mechanical situation using distinct reasoning methods. When reasoning about chains of gears, for example, people may simulate the motions of successive gears, or they may use a simple odd/even rule. We consider psychological and computational evidence as to when and why people use different reasoning methods to draw inferences about mechanical situations. We describe two types of reasoning strategies and their computational implementations. One strategy uses discrete rules to describe the behavior of a system, and the other uses analog simulations to depict the behavior of a system. We develop the strengths and weaknesses of each form of reasoning as a backdrop for considering the strategic knowledge that may guide people between the two forms of reasoning. We present a rough outline of an idealized strategic hierarchy for managing reasoning methods and memory resources. People sometimes follow this idealized hierarchy, but we present new evidence revealing situations in which people do not adaptively rely on an appropriate reasoning strategy. We conclude with a discussion of why it is useful to consider the meta-knowledge that brokers the use of different forms of representation.
Idiopathic and radiation-induced ocular telangiectasia: the involvement of the ATM gene.

PURPOSE To investigate whether individuals, with no family history of ataxia telangiectasia (AT), in whom idiopathic or radiation-induced ocular telangiectasia developed are carriers of ATM gene mutations. METHODS The ATM cDNA from lymphoblastoid cell lines established from 16 patients with idiopathic retinal or choroidal telangiectasia and 14 patients with radiation-induced telangiectasia after radiotherapy for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) was screened using the restriction endonuclease fingerprinting technique. The frequency of each detected variant was determined in the French population by either a mass spectrometry-based technique or variant-specific endonuclease digestion. RESULTS Twenty-one ATM missense alterations, at 10 different sites, 8 of which would result in an amino acid substitution at a conserved position in the ATM protein were found. Four were novel changes, three of which were not detected in the 128 French control subjects screened. Eleven of 16 of the individuals with either idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy or juxtafoveolar retinal telangiectasis and 6 of 14 individuals that had choroidal telangiectasis after radiotherapy for AMD carried ATM sequence variants. These latter six individuals had a significantly shorter delay time before the presentation of this vasculopathy compared with those individuals who had a wild-type ATM (11.8 +/- 3.4 months vs. 17.5 +/- 4.5 months, P = 0.024). They had also received a lower average dose of X-rays, although this difference did not reach statistical significance (18.7 +/- 3.9 Gy vs. 23.7 +/- 5.6 Gy, P = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS ATM missense variants could confer an AT-like phenotype and influence the formation of retinal and choroidal vascular abnormalities.
Thermal Tides in Short Period Exoplanets

Time-dependent insolation in a planetary atmosphere induces a mass quadrupole upon which the stellar tidal acceleration can exert a force. This "thermal tide" force can give rise to secular torques on the planet and orbit as well as radial forces causing eccentricity evolution. We apply this idea to the close-in gas giant exoplanets ("hot Jupiters"). The response of radiative atmospheres is computed in a hydrostatic model which treats the insolation as a time-dependent heat source, and solves for thermal radiation using flux-limited diffusion. Fully nonlinear numerical simulations are compared to solutions of the linearized equations, as well as analytic approximations, all of which are in good agreement. We find generically that thermal tide density perturbations {\it lead} the semi-diurnal forcing. As a result thermal tides can generate asynchronous spin and eccentricity. Our results are as follows: (1) Departure from synchronous spin is significant for hot Jupiters, and increases with orbital period. (2) Ongoing gravitational tidal dissipation in spin equilibrium leads to steady-state internal heating rates up to $\sim 10^{28} {\rm erg\ s^{-1}}$. If deposited sufficiently deep, these heating rates may explain the anomalously large radii of many hot Jupiters in terms of a "tidal main sequence" where cooling balances tidal heating. At fixed stellar type, planet mass and tidal $Q$, planetary radius increases strongly toward the star inside orbital periods $\la 2$ weeks. (3) There exists a narrow window in orbital period where small eccentricities, $e$, grow exponentially with a large rate. This window may explain the $\sim 1/4$ of hot Jupiters which should have been circularized by the gravitational tide long ago, but are observed to have significant nonzero $e$. (Abridged)
Identification of Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphisms That Alter Mitochondrial Matrix pH and Intracellular Calcium Dynamics

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is highly polymorphic, and its variations in humans may contribute to individual differences in function as well as susceptibility to various diseases such as Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, bipolar disorder, and cancer. However, it is unclear whether and how mtDNA polymorphisms affect intracellular function, such as calcium signaling or pH regulation. Here we searched for mtDNA polymorphisms that have intracellular functional significance using transmitochondrial hybrid cells (cybrids) carrying ratiometric Pericam (RP), a fluorescent calcium indicator, targeted to the mitochondria and nucleus. By analyzing the entire mtDNA sequence in 35 cybrid lines, we found that two closely linked nonsynonymous polymorphisms, 8701A and 10398A, increased the basal fluorescence ratio of mitochondria-targeted RP. Mitochondrial matrix pH was lower in the cybrids with 8701A/10398A than it was in those with 8701G/10398G, suggesting that the difference observed by RP was mainly caused by alterations in mitochondrial calcium levels. Cytosolic calcium response to histamine also tended to be higher in the cybrids with 8701A/10398A. It has previously been reported that 10398A is associated with an increased risk of Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, bipolar disorder, and cancer, whereas 10398G associates with longevity. Our findings suggest that these mtDNA polymorphisms may play a role in the pathophysiology of these complex diseases by affecting mitochondrial matrix pH and intracellular calcium dynamics.
Acyclovir and prednisolone treatment of acute infectious mononucleosis: a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Ninety-four patients with infectious mononucleosis and symptoms < or = 7 days were randomized to treatment with oral acyclovir (800 mg 5 times/day) and prednisolone (0.7 mg/kg for the first 4 days, which was reduced by 0.1 mg/kg on consecutive days for another 6 days; n = 48), or placebo (n = 46) for 10 days. Oropharyngeal Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) shedding was significantly inhibited during the treatment period (P = .02, Mann-Whitney rank test). No significant effect was observed for duration of general illness, sore throat, weight loss, or absence from school or work. The frequency of latent EBV-infected B lymphocytes in peripheral blood and the HLA-restricted EBV-specific cellular immunity, measured 6 months after onset of disease, was not affected by treatment. Thus, acyclovir combined with prednisolone inhibited oropharyngeal EBV replication without affecting duration of clinical symptoms or development of EBV-specific cellular immunity.
Pengaruh Persaingan, Pemberian Jasa Lain, dan Sifat Machiavellian Pada Independensi Auditor

A public accountant should have an independent attitude in an opinion on the financial statements of a company to avoid errors in the interpretation of the financial statements. This study aimed to determine the effect of competition among public accounting firms, providing services in addition to audit, and the Machiavellian nature of the auditor independence. Location of the study was the registered public accounting firm on the directory Indonesian Institute of Certified Public Accountants Bali region. Sample size was 73 people. The sampling method used was purposive sampling. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires and then analyzed with multiple linear regression. Results from this study is competition among public accounting firms showed a positive effect on auditor independence. While the provision of services other than audit and Machiavellian nature negatively affect auditor independence.
Diffusion kurtosis imaging to detect amyloidosis in an APP/PS1 mouse model for Alzheimer's disease

Amyloid deposition in the brain is considered an initial event in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. We hypothesized that the presence of amyloid plaques in the brain of APP/presenilin 1 mice leads to higher diffusion kurtosis measures due to increased microstructural complexity. As such, our purpose was to provide an in vivo proof of principle for detection of amyloidosis by diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI).
Consistency and Exchange Rate Expectations

This study examines consistency in the exchange rate expectation formation process. A standard expectation formation model namely exponential forecasting is used to theoretically draw the consistency conditions and then we empirically test the same. Since the literature has expressed reservations about structural expectation pro? cesses, a model independent analysis (multivariate cointegration test) is also con? ducted. Consistency in the expectation formation process is not rejected (rejected) at the short (long) horizon in the structural framework, while it is upheld across the board by the cointegration procedure. Thus while one methodology supports consistency, the other supports bandwagon expectations.
Pulse Shape and Timing Dependence on the Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity Response of Ion-Conducting Memristors as Synapses

Ion-conducting memristors comprised of the layered materials Ge2Se3/SnSe/Ag are promising candidates for neuromorphic computing applications. Here, the spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) application is demonstrated for the first time with a single memristor type operating as a synapse over a timescale of 10 orders of magnitude, from nanoseconds through seconds. This large dynamic range allows the memristors to be useful in applications that require slow biological times, as well as fast times such as needed in neuromorphic computing, thus allowing multiple functions in one design for one memristor type—a “one size fits all” approach. This work also investigated the effects of varying the spike pulse shapes on the STDP response of the memristors. These results showed that small changes in the pre- and postsynaptic pulse shape can have a significant impact on the STDP. These results may provide circuit designers with insights into how pulse shape affects the actual memristor STDP response and aid them in the design of neuromorphic circuits and systems that can take advantage of certain features in the memristor STDP response that are programmable via the pre- and postsynaptic pulse shapes. In addition, the energy requirement per memristor is approximated based on the pulse shape and timing responses. The energy requirement estimated per memristor operating on slower biological timescales (milliseconds to seconds) is larger (nanojoules range), as expected, than the faster (nanoseconds) operating times (~0.1 pJ in some cases). Lastly, the memristors responded in a similar manner under normal STDP conditions (pre- and post-spikes applied to opposite memristor terminals) as they did to the case where a waveform corresponding to the difference between pre- and post-spikes was applied to only one electrode, with the other electrode held at ground potential. By applying the difference signal to only one terminal, testing of the memristor in various applications can be achieved with a simplified test set-up, and thus be easier to accomplish in most laboratories.
Bounds on the capacity region of a class of interference channels

We prove a new outer bound to the capacity region of a certain class of interference channels, and quantify the gap between it and the Han-Kobayashi inner bound. The new bound allows the recovery of the El Gamal-Costa characterization of the capacity region of certain deterministic interference channels, and also the recent characterization by Etkin, Tse and Wang of the capacity region of scalar Gaussian interference channels to within '1 bit'. Moreover, the new bound allows a straightforward generalization of the '1 bit' result to vector Gaussian interference channels.
Seroepidemiology of Toxocariasis and Its Clinical Implications in Gwangju and Jeonnam-province, Korea

We investigated the seroepidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of patients suspected to have toxocariasis in Gwangju and Jeonnam-province, Korea. In total, 228 specimens were analyzed for anti-Toxocara canis IgG at two university hospitals from 2010 to 2012. The overall seropositive rate was 67.1%, and the seropositive rates among the eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic groups were 76.1% (105/138) and 53.3% (48/90), respectively. Risk factors for eosinophilia and toxocariasis were male sex (odds ratios [OR]=2.632 and 3.477, respectively) and a history of ingesting raw meat (OR=2.884 and 3.274, respectively), especially raw cow liver (OR=2.089 and 10.038, respectively). T. canis seropositivity (OR=5.807, P=0.004) and a history of consuming raw cow liver (OR=2.766, P=0.052) were risk factors for organ involvement. The anti-T. canis IgG level showed weakly positive correlations with eosinophil counts (r=0.234, P<0.001) and the duration of eosinophilia (r=0.155, P=0.019). Although limited to the regions of Gwangju and Jeonnam-province, this study supports the opinion that toxocariasis is a reasonable focus as a cause of eosinophilia and that it is also associated with organ involvement.
Factors constraining the growth and survival of SMEs in Nigeria: Implications for poverty alleviation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that hinder the growth and survival of small businesses in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approach – A survey method was used to gather data from 211 small business owners and managers located in selected cities in Nigeria. Several statistical analyses were conducted to identify the factors constraining the growth and survival of SMEs in Nigeria.Findings – The results of the study reveal that the most common constraints hindering small business growth and survival in Nigeria are lack of financial support, poor management, corruption, lack of training and experience, poor infrastructure, insufficient profits, and low demand for product and services.Research limitations/implications – The instruments used for this study need to be subjected to more statistical tests in order to establish a more robust validity and reliability. Based on what we have learned, the instruments could be further refined to more closely capture each of the problem areas.