Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Campaign '96: A Functional Analysis of Acclaiming, Attacking, and Defending

Series Foreword by Robert E. Denton, Jr. Preface Introduction Overview: A Functional Theory of Political Campaign Discourse Method: Acclaiming, Attacking, and Defending Procedures: How We Analyzed Campaign '96 Messages Republican Primaries: Who Shall Lead Us? Debates: A Free-for-All Television Advertisements: "I'm More Conservative Than You" Talk Radio: What Are the Candidates Saying about Each Other? Nominating Conventions: Anointing the Chosen Keynote Speeches: It's Great to Be a Republican/Democrat! Acceptance Addresses: "I Will Lead Us to Victory" Stand By Your Man: Elizabeth Dole's and Hillary Rodham Clinton's Convention Speeches General Election Campaign: The Final Showdown Televised Advertisements: Dole/Gingrich versus the Liberals Radio Addresses: Hear Ye, Hear Ye Debates: Direct Confrontation Free Television Remarks: Their Unfiltered Utterances Conclusion and Implications Outcomes: Who Won (and by How Much)? Implications: What Have We Learned? References Index
DeepIndex for Accurate and Efficient Image Retrieval

In the well-known Bag-of-Words model, local features, such as the SIFT descriptor, are extracted and quantized into visual words. Then, an index is created to reduce computational burden. However, local clues serve as low-level representations that can not represent high-level semantic concepts. Recently, the success of deep features extracted from convolutional neural networks(CNN) has shown promising results toward bridging the semantic gap. Inspired by this, we attempt to introduce deep features into inverted index based image retrieval and thus propose the DeepIndex framework. Moreover, considering the compensation of different deep features, we incorporate multiple deep features from different fully connected layers, resulting in the multiple DeepIndex. We find the optimal integration of one midlevel deep feature and one high-level deep feature, from two different CNN architectures separately. This can be treated as an attempt to further reduce the semantic gap. Extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets demonstrate that, the proposed DeepIndex method is competitive with the state-of-the-art on Holidays(85:65% mAP), Paris(81:24% mAP), and UKB(3:76 score). In addition, our method is efficient in terms of both memory and time cost.
Group negative curvature for 3–manifolds with genuine laminations

We show that if a closed atoroidal 3-manifold M contains a genuine lamination, then it is group negatively curved in the sense of Gromov. Specifically, we exploit the structure of the non-product complementary regions of the genuine lamination and then apply the first author's Ubiquity Theorem to show that M satisfies a linear isoperimetric inequality.
Probing Interactivity in Open Data for General Practice. An Evidence-Based Approach

We undertook a user study to evaluate whether the perceived utility of some common open data sets for family doctors would increase if they are rendered in interactive heat maps. We also investigated whether Parallel Coordinates (PC) are perceived as a convenient diagram to summarize multiple patients data; and whether making PCs interactive would increase their informativity. We interviewed 29 expert family doctors through a questionnaire to find out that: interactive maps make health datasets be perceived as more useful, especially in regard to registers on exposure to carcinogens. PCs were found to be informative visualizations but making them interactive increases their perceived informativity. In light of this evidence, designing for better interactivity is worthy of further efforts in Human-Data Interaction research.
Closed-form equalization

Many blind or semi-blind equalizers are implemented with the help of iterative algorithms, and therefore may require long convergence times or suffer from local minima. Closed-form block blind equalizers are attractive, even if they are suboptimal, since they can serve to initialize them. But they can perform better in time-varying contexts, that is on very short data blocks. The authors focused mainly on PSK modulations, including MSK and QPSK. The proposed algorithms are based on known instantaneous properties of such modulations.
The Expression Pattern of the Cell Cycle Inhibitor p19INK4d by Progenitor Cells of the Rat Embryonic Telencephalon and Neonatal Anterior Subventricular Zone

In this study we investigated whether the pattern of expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p19INK4dby the unique progenitor cells of the neonatal anterior subventricular zone (SVZa) can account for their ability to divide even though they express phenotypic characteristics of differentiated neurons. p19INK4d was chosen for analysis because it usually acts to block permanently the cell cycle at the G1phase. p19INK4d immunoreactivity and the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) by SVZa cells were compared with that of the more typical progenitor cells of the prenatal telencephalic ventricular zone. In the developing telencephalon, p19INK4d is expressed by postmitotic cells and has a characteristic perinuclear distribution depending on the laminar position and state of differentiation of a cell. Moreover, the laminar-specific staining of the developing cerebral cortex revealed that the ventricular zone (VZ) is divided into p19INK4d(+) and p19INK4d(−) sublaminae, indicating that the VZ has a previously unrecognized level of functional organization. Furthermore, the rostral migratory stream, traversed by the SVZa-derived cells, exhibits an anteriorhigh–posteriorlowgradient of p19INK4d expression. On the basis of the p19INK4d immunoreactivity and BrdU incorporation, SVZa-derived cells appear to exit and reenter the cell cycle successively. Thus, in contrast to telencephalic VZ cells, SVZa cells continue to undergo multiple rounds of division and differentiation before becoming postmitotic.
Systematic Analysis of 22 Microlensing Parallax Candidates

We attempt to identify all microlensing parallax events for which the parallax fit improves Δχ2 > 100 relative to a standard microlensing model. We outline a procedure to identify three types of discrete degeneracies (including a new one that we dub the "ecliptic degeneracy") and find many new degenerate solutions in 16 previously published and six unpublished events. Only four events have one unique solution, and the other 18 events have a total of 44 solutions. Our sample includes three previously identified black hole (BH) candidates. We consider the newly discovered degenerate solutions and determine the relative likelihood that each of these is a BH. We find that the lens of event MACHO-99-BLG-22 is a strong BH candidate (78%), event MACHO-96-BLG-5 is a marginal BH candidate (37%), and MACHO-98-BLG-6 is a weak BH candidate (2.2%). The lens of event OGLE-2003-BLG-84 may be a Jupiter-mass free-floating planet candidate based on a weak 3 σ detection of finite-source effects. We find that event MACHO-179-A is a brown dwarf candidate within ~100 pc of the Sun, mostly due to its very small projected Einstein radius, E = 0.23 ± 0.05 AU. As expected, these microlensing parallax events are biased toward lenses that are heavier and closer than average. These events were examined for xallarap (or binary-source motion), which can mimic parallax. We find that 23% of these events are strongly affected by xallarap.
Coronary Artery Stent Evaluation Using a Vascular Model at 64-Detector Row CT: Comparison between Prospective and Retrospective ECG-Gated Axial Scans

Objective We wanted to evaluate the performance of prospective electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated axial scans for assessing coronary stents as compared with retrospective ECG-gated helical scans. Materials and Methods As for a vascular model of the coronary artery, a tube of approximately 2.5-mm inner diameter was adopted and as for stents, three (Bx-Velocity, Express2, and Micro Driver) different kinds of stents were inserted into the tube. Both patent and stenotic models of coronary artery were made by instillating different attenuation (396 vs. 79 Hounsfield unit [HU]) of contrast medium within the tube in tube model. The models were scanned with two types of scan methods with a simulated ECG of 60 beats per minute and using display field of views (FOVs) of 9 and 18 cm. We evaluated the in-stent stenosis visually, and we measured the attenuation values and the diameter of the patent stent lumen. Results The visualization of the stent lumen of the vascular models was improved with using the prospective ECG-gated axial scans and a 9-cm FOV. The inner diameters of the vascular models were underestimated with mean measurement errors of -1.10 to -1.36 mm. The measurement errors were smaller with using the prospective ECG-gated axial scans (Bx-Velocity and Express2, p < 0.0001; Micro Driver, p = 0.0004) and a 9-cm FOV (all stents: p < 0.0001), as compared with the other conditions, respectively. The luminal attenuation value was overestimated in each condition. For the luminal attenuation measurement, the use of prospective ECG-gated axial scans provided less measurement error compared with the retrospective ECG-gated helical scans (all stents: p < 0.0001), and the use of a 9-cm FOV tended to decrease the measurement error. Conclusion The visualization of coronary stents is improved by the use of prospective ECG-gated axial scans and using a small FOV with reduced blooming artifacts and increased spatial resolution.
A control-oriented model of the current profile in tokamak plasma

This paper proposes a control-oriented approach to the tokamak plasma current profile dynamics. It is established based on a consistent set of simplified relationships, in particular for the microwave current drive sources, rather than exact physical modelling. Assuming that a proper model for advanced control schemes can be established using the so-called cylindrical approximation and neglecting the diamagnetic effects, we propose a model that focuses on the flux diffusion (from which the current profile is inferred). Its inputs are some real-time measurements available on modern tokamaks and the effects of some major actuators, such as the magnetic coils, lower hybrid (LHCD), electron and ion cyclotron frequency (ECCD and ICRH) systems, are particularly taken into account. More precisely, the non-inductive current profile sources are modelled as 3-parameters functions of the control inputs derived either from approximate theoretical formulae for the ECCD and bootstrap terms or from experimental scaling laws specifically developed from hard x-ray Tore Supra data for the LHCD influence. The use of scaling laws in this model reflects the fact that the operation of future reactors will certainly depend upon a great number of scaling laws and specific engineering parameters. The discretization issues are also specifically addressed, to ensure robustness with respect to discretisation errors and the efficiency (in terms of computation time) of the associated algorithm. This model is compared with experimental results and the CRONOS solver for tore supra tokamak.
Comparative randomised trial of online cognitive–behavioural therapy and an information website for depression: 12-month outcomes

Background An earlier paper reported positive outcomes immediately following access to a cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) internet intervention and a depression information website. Aims To determine 6-month and 12-month outcomes of the interventions relative to a placebo control condition. Method Participants allocated to the depression information website condition, the CBT internet intervention and the placebo control condition were followed up at 6 and 12 months by survey. The primary outcome measure was the Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression (CES–D) scale. Of 525 participants recruited, 79% completed their assigned intervention and 60% were retained at 12-month follow-up. Attrition was handled using mixed-model repeated-measures ANOVA. Results Both the CBT site and depression information sites were associated with statistically significant benefits in CES–D score reduction compared with controls at post-test. At 6-months follow-up, the reduction seen for the people allocated to the CBT arm remained significant, whereas that for the depression information website arm was not. At 12 months, both active interventions were statistically significantly superior to the control condition. Conclusions There is some evidence that benefits of these brief internet interventions are retained beyond their endpoint. The impact of human support provided by interviewers in the trial must be considered when comparing these outcomes to routine use of both internet interventions.
New Insights into Muscle Function during Pivot Feeding in Seahorses

Seahorses, pipefish and their syngnathiform relatives are considered unique amongst fishes in using elastic recoil of post-cranial tendons to pivot the head extremely quickly towards small crustacean prey. It is known that pipefish activate the epaxial muscles for a considerable time before striking, at which rotations of the head and the hyoid are temporarily prevented to allow energy storage in the epaxial tendons. Here, we studied the motor control of this system in seahorses using electromyographic recordings of the epaxial muscles and the sternohyoideus-hypaxial muscles with simultaneous high-speed video recordings of prey capture. In addition we present the results from a stimulation experiment including the muscle hypothesised to be responsible for the locking and triggering of pivot feeding in seahorses (m. adductor arcus palatini). Our data confirmed that the epaxial pre-activation pattern observed previously for pipefish also occurs in seahorses. Similar to the epaxials, the sternohyoideus-hypaxial muscle complex shows prolonged anticipatory activity. Although a considerable variation in displacements of the mouth via head rotation could be observed, it could not be demonstrated that seahorses have control over strike distance. In addition, we could not identify the source of the kinematic variability in the activation patterns of the associated muscles. Finally, the stimulation experiment supported the previously hypothesized role of the m. adductor arcus palatini as the trigger in this elastic recoil system. Our results show that pre-stressing of both the head elevators and the hyoid retractors is taking place. As pre-activation of the main muscles involved in pivot feeding has now been demonstrated for both seahorses and pipefish, this is probably a generalized trait of Syngnathidae.
A dynamic network partition method for heterogenous urban traffic networks

Recently, it has been shown that Macroscopic Fundamental Diagrams(MFDs) existing in large scale urban traffic networks paly an important role in dynamic traffic management, traffic signal control and mitigation of urban traffic congestion. A well defined MFD can be derived from a homogeneous urban traffic network with similar traffic conditions. In reality, however, most large scale traffic networks are usually heterogeneous networks with various road types and uneven distribution of congestion. In order to use the MFD concept for controlling the large scale urban traffic network through hierarchical or decentralized methods, it is necessary to exploit a network partition method, which should be both effective in extracting homogeneous sub-networks and fast to compute. In this paper, a new approach to calculate the correlation degree, which describes the traffic conditions between two adjacent intersections quantitatively, is first proposed. Then, a fast network division approach by optimizing the modularity, which is a criterion to distinguish the quality of the partition results, is applied to identify the homogeneous sub-networks for large scale urban traffic networks. Finally, an application to a specified urban traffic network is investigated by using the proposed algorithm. The results show that it is an effective and efficient method for partitioning heterogeneous urban traffic networks automatically.
Personal Investigator: A therapeutic 3D game for adolecscent psychotherapy

Although mental health problems increase markedly during adolescent years, therapists often find it difficult to engage with adolescents. The majority of disturbed adolescents do not receive professional mental health care and of those who do fewer still will fully engage with the therapeutic process (Offer et al. 1991; US Surgeon General 1999). Personal Investigator (PI) is a 3D computer game specifically designed to help adolescents overcome mental health problems such as depression and help them engage more easily with professional mental health care services. PI is an implementation of a new computer mediated model for how therapists and adolescents can engage. The model has its theoretical foundations in play therapy and therapeutic storytelling and applies current research on the educational use of computer gaming and interactive narrative systems to these foundations. Previously demonstrated benefits of computer games and interactive narrative systems in education include increased motivation, increased self‐esteem, improved problem solving and discussion skills and improved storytelling skills (Bruckman 1997; Bers 2001; Robertson 2001; Robertson and Oberlander 2002; Bers et al. 2003; Squire 2003). PI aims to take advantage of these benefits in a mental health care setting. PI incorporates a goal‐oriented, strengths based model of psychotherapy called Solution Focused Therapy (SFT). By engaging adolescents, in a client‐centred way, it aims to build stronger therapeutic relationships between therapists and adolescents. PI is the first game to integrate this established psychotherapy approach into an engaging online 3D game. Results of trials of PI with four adolescents, referred to clinics for issues including anxiety and behaviour problems, attempted suicide, and social skills difficulties, are presented.
Catching on the Rebound: Why Price Elasticities are Generally Inappropriate Measures of Rebound Effects

Rebound effects occur when, due to behavioural responses by consumers to the resulting fall in the implicit price of energy services, energy efficiency improvements result in energy savings that are often less than those suggested by engineering calculations. In the absence of data on energy efficiency or on the energy services (such as heating or lighting) provided by the energy that is used to produce them, rebound effects are often estimated as the negative of own-price elasticities obtained from standard energy demand equations. Using a recently developed model of demand for energy services, which facilitates estimation of a much wider range of rebound effects than has been previously considered, this approach is shown to be inappropriate unless the energy demand equations are specified in a certain way, and even in that case, often only under somewhat heroic assumptions. Illustrative empirical analysis using UK time-series data indicates the extent to which rebound effects can differ from price elasticities.
Adult Age Differences in Dual Information Processes: Implications for the Role of Affective and Deliberative Processes in Older Adults' Decision Making

Age differences in affective/experiential and deliberative processes have important theoretical implications for judgment and decision theory and important pragmatic implications for older-adult decision making. Age-related declines in the efficiency of deliberative processes predict poorer-quality decisions as we age. However, age-related adaptive processes, including motivated selectivity in the use of deliberative capacity, an increased focus on emotional goals, and greater experience, predict better or worse decisions for older adults depending on the situation. The aim of the current review is to examine adult age differences in affective and deliberative information processes in order to understand their potential impact on judgments and decisions. We review evidence for the role of these dual processes in judgment and decision making and then review two representative life-span perspectives (based on aging-related changes to cognitive or motivational processes) on the interplay between these processes. We present relevant predictions for older-adult decisions and make note of contradictions and gaps that currently exist in the literature. Finally, we review the sparse evidence about age differences in decision making and how theories and findings regarding dual processes could be applied to decision theory and decision aiding. In particular, we focus on prospect theory (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979) and how prospect theory and theories regarding age differences in information processing can inform one another.
Comparing Social Networks: Size, Density, and Local Structure

This paper demonstrates limitations in usefulness o f the triad census for studying similarities among local structural proper ties of social networks. A triad census succinctly summarizes the local stru cture of a network using the frequencies of sixteen isomorphism classes of t riads (sub-graphs of three nodes). The empirical base for this study is a collection of 51 social networks measuring different relational contents (f riendship, advice, agonistic encounters, victories in fights, dominanc e relations, and so on) among a variety of species (humans, chimpanzees, hyenas, monkeys, ponies, cows, and a number of bird species). Results show that, in aggregate, similarities among triad censuses of these empirica l networks are largely explained by nodal and dyadic properties ‐ the dens ity of the network and distributions of mutual, asymmetric, and null dyads . These results remind us that the range of possible network-level propert ies is highly constrained by the size and density of the network and caution should be taken in interpreting higher order structural properties whe n they are largely explained by local network features.
Impaired Shp2-mediated Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase Activation Contributes to Gefitinib Sensitivity of Lung Cancer Cells with Epidermal Factor Receptor- Citation Lazzara, M. J. Et Al. " Impaired Shp2-mediated Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase Activation Contributes to Gefitinib Sensitiv

The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Abstract Most non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) display elevated expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), but response to EGFR kinase inhibitors is predominantly limited to NSCLC harboring EGFR-activating mutations. These mutations are associated with increased activity of survival pathways including PI3K/AKT and STAT3/5. We report that EGFR-activating mutations also surprisingly lead to decreased ability to activate ERK compared to wild-type EGFR. In NSCLC cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts expressing mutant EGFR, this effect on ERK correlates with decreased EGFR internalization and reduced phosphorylation of SHP2, a tyrosine phosphatase required for the full activation of ERK. We further demonstrate that ERK activation levels impact cellular response to gefitinib. NSCLC cells with EGFR mutation display reduced gefitinib sensitivity when ERK activation is augmented by expression of constitutively active mutants of MEK. Conversely, in an NSCLC cell line expressing wild-type EGFR, gefitinib treatment along with or following MEK inhibition increases death response compared to treatment with gefitinib alone. Our results demonstrate that EGFR-activating mutations may promote some survival pathways but simultaneously impair others. This multivariate alteration of the network governing cellular response to gefitinib, which we term " oncogene imbalance " , portends a potentially broader ability to treat gefitinib-resistant NSCLC.