Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is There a Glass Ceiling over Europe? Exploring the Gender Pay Gap across the Wage Distribution

Using harmonized data for the years 1995–2001 from the European Community Household Panel, the authors analyze gender pay gaps by sector across the wage distribution in eleven countries. In estimations that control for the effects of individual characteristics at different points of the distribution, they calculate the part of the gap attributable to differing returns between men and women. The magnitude of the gender pay gap, thus measured, varied substantially across countries and across the public and private sector wage distributions. The gap typically widened toward the top of the wage distribution (the “glass ceiling” effect), and in a few cases it also widened at the bottom (the “sticky floor” effect). The authors suggest that differences in childcare provision and wage setting institutions across EU countries may partly account for the variation in patterns by country and sector.
It's Not Just a Man-Thing: Testing Sex as a Moderator Between Peer Attachment and Machiavellianism, Competition and Self-Disclosure

ABSTRACT - Whilst previous research has emphasized the importance of biological sex, individual differences in personality and motivations can also affect how close people feel towards their friends. Here, we test the relationship between peer attachment and sex, Machiavellianism, competition and self-disclosure in 236 participants. We found that irrespective of sex, competition had an adverse effect on perceived attachment to a friend. Furthermore, two sub-components of self-disclosure (honesty - accuracy and intent) had a positive impact on peer attachment, robust to sex differences. Sex moderated the relationship between peer attachment and depth, and peer attachment and amount of disclosure. Depth and amount of disclosure were important in improving male but not female friendship quality. Our findings suggest that rather than focusing on sex or personality in isolation from each other, future research on friendship should take both aspects into account. A plethora of empirical research has indicated that there are substantial sex differences in friendship styles. Women value close, intimate friendship bonds, characterized by high levels of self-disclosure and communion, whereas men have bonds that are more competitive, poorer in quality, and based on activities rather than intimacy (Baron-Cohen & Wheelwright, 2003; Benenson & Christakos, 2003; Hall, 2011; Vigil, 2007). Convinced by empirical findings, Bell claimed that “there is no social factor more important than that of sex in leading to friendship variations” (Bell, 1981, p 55). These sex differences are often minute rather than substantial (Hruschka, 2010) however and there are large within-sex individual differences in friendship styles with factors such as personality dispositions and motivation affecting behavior in friendship beyond biological sex (Adams & Blieszner, 1994). Wright (1988) called for caution in interpreting any sex differences, as within-sex uniformity tends to be over-emphasized in friendship research. In this study, we investigate the relative contribution of biological sex and other individual differences (competitiveness, Machiavellianism, and self-disclosure), all of which relate to friendship quality, and are expressed differently in men and women. We also consider whether sex moderates the relationships between peer attachment and these individual differences.
Human Memory: Theory and Practice, Revised Edition

Why Do We Need Memory? Perceiving and Remembering. How Many Kinds of Memory? The Evidence for STM. The Role of Memory in Cognition - Working Memory. Visual Memory and the Visuo-spatial Sketchpad. Attention and the Control of Memory. When Practice Makes Perfect. Organizing and Learning. Acquiring Habits. When Memory Fails. Retrieval. Recollection and Autobiographical Memory. Where Next? Connectionism Rides Again. Knowledge. Memory, Emotion and Cognition. Understanding Amnesia. Treating Memory Problems. Consciousness. Implicit Knowledge and Learning. Implicit Memory and Recollection.
Mechanisms of Hierarchical Cortical Maturation

Cortical information processing is structurally and functionally organized into hierarchical pathways, with primary sensory cortical regions providing modality specific information and associative cortical regions playing a more integrative role. Historically, there has been debate as to whether primary cortical regions mature earlier than associative cortical regions, or whether both primary and associative cortical regions mature simultaneously. Identifying whether primary and associative cortical regions mature hierarchically or simultaneously will not only deepen our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate brain maturation, but it will also provide fundamental insight into aspects of adolescent behavior, learning, neurodevelopmental disorders and computational models of neural processing. This mini-review article summarizes the current evidence supporting the sequential and hierarchical nature of cortical maturation, and then proposes a new cellular model underlying this process. Finally, unresolved issues associated with hierarchical cortical maturation are also addressed.
Development and adjustment of adopted adolescents: longitudinal and concurrent factors

The first study of this thesis (Chapter 2) showed that the majority of the internationally adopted children are well adjusted, although a relatively large minority of adopted children had behavior problems of clinical significance or were referred to mental health services compared with non-adopted children. Nevertheless, adoption may often be the best solution for a child who would otherwise be raised in an institution or in other adverse environments (see also Juffer, 2002; Van IJzendoorn et al., 2005). The second and third study (Chapters 3 and 4) showed several longitudinal and concurrent influences on the behavioral and social development of adopted adolescents. The second study (Chapter 3) showed that early-onset delinquency was associated with stress hyporeactivity. The differentiation between delinquency and aggression, and between childhood-onset and adolescence-onset delinquency (Moffitt, 1993) appeared to be important for our understanding of the development of externalizing problem behaviors. The third study (Chapter 4) showed that individual development from infancy through middle childhood to adolescence was rather stable and that concurrent environmental experiences and child characteristics were essential influences on middle childhood and adolescent social development. Early parent-child relationships did not determine in final form social development in adolescence, but they provided the basis for healthy social development through the influence on earlier social development, even in the absence of genetic similarities between children and parents. Bowlby__s (1973, 1980) thesis that adaptation is always a product of both developmental history and current circumstances was supported.
Detection of Five Circulating Antigens in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Five tumor markers (CEA, Ferritin, CA-50, TPA and SCC) were assayed in 54 patients with ear, nose and throat (ENT) cancers in early and advanced stages. The specificity of these markers always exceeded 95%. Their sensitivity ranged from 13 to 43%, and reached 72% as a combination of all five markers. No distinction was found between early and advanced stage of illness. These markers seem to have no distinct function in ENT oncological diagnosis and follow-up because objective data is easily available even in early tumors.
CNS volume 13 issue 6 Cover and Front matter

ABSTRACT Introduction: There is a substantial body of evidence that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms can be grouped into a series of discrete dimensions, and some evidence that not all OCD symptom dimensions respond equally well to pharmacologic or psychotherapeutic intervention. The response of OCD symptom dimensions to 12 weeks of treatment with escitalopram or placebo was investigated. Methods: Data from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of escitalopram in 466 adults with OCD were analyzed. Exploratory factor analysis of individual items of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale checklist was performed and subscale scores based on the extracted factors were determined. Analyses of covariance were undertaken to determine whether inclusion of each subscale score in these models impacted on the efficacy of escitalopram versus placebo. Results: Exploratory factor analysis of individual Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale items yielded 5 factors (contamination/cleaning, harm/checking, hoarding/symmetry, religious/sexual, and somatic/hypochondriacal). Analyses of covariance including all the subscales demonstrated that escitalopram was more effective than placebo. There was a significant interaction for the hoarding/symmetry factor, which was associated with a poor treatment response. Conclusion: Escitalopram shows good efficacy across the range of OCD symptom dimensions. Nevertheless, hoarding/symmetry was associated with a poorer treatment response. Hoarding/symmetry may be particularly characteristic of an early-onset group of OCD patients, with the involvement of neurotransmitters other than serotonin. Further work is needed to delineate fully the subtypes of OCD, and their correlates with underlying psychobiology and treatment responsivity.
Naturalizing Phenomenology: Issues in Contemporary Phenomenology and Cognitive Science

Foreword 1. Beyond the gap: an introduction to naturalizing phenomenology Jean-Michel Roy, Jean Petitot, Bernard Pachoud and Francisco J. Varela Part I. Intentionality, Movement and Temporality: 2. Intentionality naturalized? David Woodruff Smith 3. Saving intentional phenomena: intentionality, representation, and symbol Jean-Michel Roy 4. Leibhaftigkeit and representational theories of perception Elisabeth Pecherie 5. Perceptual completion: a case study in phenomenology and cognitive science Evan Thompson, Alva Noë and Luiz Pessoa 6. The teleological dimension of perceptual and motor intentionality Bernard Pachoud 7. Constitution by movement: Husserl in light of recent neurobiological findings Jean-Luc Petit 8. Wooden iron? Husserlian phenomenology meets cognitive science Tim van Gelder 9. The specious present: a neurophenomenology of time consciousness Francisco J. Varela Part II. Mathematics in Phenomenology: 10. Truth and the visual field Barry Smith 11. Morphological eidetics for a penomenology of perception Jean Petitot 12. Formal structures in the phenomenology of motion Roberto Casati 13. Godel and Husserl Dagfinn Follesdal 14. The mathematical continuum: from intuition to logic Giuseppe Longo Part III. The Nature and Limits of Naturalization: 15. Naturalizing phenomenology? Dretske on Qualia Ronald McIntyre 16. The immediately given as ground and background Juan-Jose Botero 17. When transcendental genesis encounters the naturalization project Natalie Depraz 18. Sense and continuum in Husserl Jean-Michel Salanskis 19. Cognitive psychology and the transcendental theory of knowledge Maria Villela-Petit 20. The movement of the living as the originary foundation of perceptual intentionality Renaud Barbaras 21. Philosophy and cognition: historical roots Jean-Pierre Dupuy Notes Bibliography Index of persons Index of topics.
Evaluation of the BOD POD for assessing body fat in collegiate football players.

PURPOSE The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the accuracy of a new air displacement plethysmograph, BOD POD Body Composition System, for determining %fat in collegiate football players. METHODS Body fatness was estimated from body density (Db), which was measured on the same day using the BOD POD and hydrostatic weighing (HW) in 69 Division IA football players. In addition, 20 subjects were whole body scanned using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, DXA (Lunar DPX-L) to assess total body mineral content and %fat. Mineral content and HW determined Db were used to compute %fat from a three-component model (3C; fat, mineral, and residual). RESULTS Test-retest reliability for assessing %fat using the BOD POD (N = 15) was 0.994 with a technical error of measurement of 0.448%. Mean (+/- SEM) Db measured with the BOD POD (1.064 +/- 0.002 g x cc(-1) was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than HW (1.060 +/- 0.002 g x cc(-1)), thus resulting in a lower %fat for the BOD POD (15.1 +/- 0.8%) compared with HW (17.0 +/- 0.8%). Similar results (N = 20) were found for DXA (12.9 +/- 1.2%) and the 3C (12.7 +/- 0.8%) where %fat scores were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than scores determined using the BOD POD (10.9 +/- 1.0%). CONCLUSIONS Db measured with the BOD POD was higher than the criterion HW, thus yielding lower %fat scores for the BOD POD. In addition, BOD POD determined %fat was lower than DXA and 3C determined values in a subgroup of subjects. Assessment of %fat using the BOD POD is reliable and requires minimal technical expertise; however, in this study of collegiate football players, %fat values were underpredicted when compared to HW, DXA, and the 3C model.
Languages of Place and Discourses of Power: Constructing New Senses of Place

The concept of “sense of place” typically is used to refer to an individual's ability to develop feelings of attachment to particular settings based on combinations of use, attentiveness, and emotion. Despite the assumed positive values of a sense of place, critics point out that places are more than simply geographic sites—they are also fluid, changeable, dynamic contexts of social interaction and memory, and they “contain” overt and covert social practices that embed in place-making behaviors notions of ideology, power, control, conflict, dominance, and distribution of social and physical resources. This paper traces emerging scholarship about sense of place as a social construction, and offers examples from leisure, outdoor recreation, and tourism development. Place and sense of place are seen as socially constructed, always in the process of being created, always provisional and uncertain, and always capable of being discursively manipulated towards desired (individual or collective) ends. A research program about leisure and the politics of place awaits development, but should focus on language and discourse, and should begin with the question: how are leisure places socially constructed with political consequences?
Contraception and Development: A Unified Growth Theory

This study investigates the interaction of the use of modern contraceptives, fertility, education, and long-run growth. It develops an economic model that takes into account that sexual intercourse is utility enhancing and that birth control by modern contraceptives is more efficient and more costly than traditional methods. The study shows how a traditional economy, in which modern contraceptives are not used and fertility is high, gradually converges towards a high growth regime, in which couples use modern contraceptives. Innovations in contraceptive technology at later points in time speed up the fertility transition and the convergence to steady growth. Utility enhancing sexual intercourse provides a “natural” explanation for why net fertility decreases with income. Lower prices or higher efficacy of contraceptives are conducive to an earlier onset of the fertility transition and a quicker convergence but do not effect economic performance (nor sexual intercourse) at the steady state.
International Journal for the Scholarship of International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Teaching and Learning

Abstract This essay describes the process of using a team of faculty and undergraduate students to redesign a university course, and outlines the research we conducted on student and faculty learning from the redesign process. We focus particular attention on power relations and issues of expertise, raising questions with implications for faculty who wish to engage students in similar course design projects, regardless of academic discipline, and who partner with undergraduates in Scholarship of Teaching and Learning research.
Chitinophaga rhizosphaerae sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a tomato plant.

An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated, rod-shaped or filamentous bacterial strain, T16R-86T, was isolated from rhizosphere of a tomato plant collected from a farm on Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea. It grew at the temperature range 10-37 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and pH range 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), and tolerated up to 2 % (w/v) NaCl. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain T16R-86T shared the highest similarity with Chitinophaga barathri YLT18T (96.8 %) and C. pinensis DSM 2588T (96.7 %), forming a subcluster with C. barathri YLT18T, C. cymbidii R156-2T and C. niabensis JS13-10T in the phylogenetic tree. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-7. Polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, five unknown aminolipids, an unknown aminophospholipid, one unknown phospholipid and two unknown lipids. The DNA G+C content was 53.6 mol%. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data showed that strain T16R-86T represents a novel species of the genus Chitinophaga, for which the name Chitinophaga rhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is T16R-86T (=KACC 18790T=JCM 31600T).
THE SURVIVAL OF STAPHYLOCOCCI WITHIN HUMAN LEUKOCYTES

In a study of the phagocytosis of staphylococci by human leukocytes it has been observed that strains of staphylococci producing human infection were phagocytized by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro under conditions in which virulent pneumococci, streptococci, or Klebsiella were rarely engulfed. In the presence of human leukocytes in plasma there was a rapid fall in the numbers of viable staphylococci of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains, the beginning of which was detectable in 10 to 15 minutes. The fall in culturable pathogenic microorganisms was considerably less marked, however, and a rapid resurgence of growth occurred in 4 to 8 hours, whereas the number of culturable non-pathogenic microorganisms remained low for 18 to 24 hours. These differences appear to be explained by the observation that a significant number of microorganisms of pathogenic strains were able to survive within human leukocytes. Such intracellular survival was found to be associated with evidence of destruction of the leukocytes. In contrast, non-pathogenic strains of staphylococci failed to survive within human polymorphonuclear leukocytes following ingestion.
Online learning methods for discriminative training of phrase based statistical machine translation

This paper investigates the task of training discriminatively a phrase based SMT system with millions of features using the structured perceptron and the Margin Infused Relax Algorithm (MIRA), two popular online learning algorithms. We also compare two different update strategies, one where we update towards an oracle translation candidate extracted from an N-best list vs a more aggressive approach in which we update towards an oracle extracted prior to training using a minloss decoder. We evaluate our different training algorithms on the Czech-English translation task. Our results show that while both learning algorithms achieve similar results, with the perceptron converging more rapidly, the aggressive update strategy performs significantly worse than the more conservative strategy corroborating Liang et al. (2006)’s findings.
Whole-Genome Sequences of Four Strains Closely Related to Members of the Mycobacterium chelonae Group, Isolated from Biofilms in a Drinking Water Distribution System Simulator

ABSTRACT We report here the draft genome sequences of four Mycobacterium chelonae strains from biofilms subjected to a “chlorine burn” in a chloraminated drinking water distribution system simulator. These opportunistic pathogens have been detected in hospital and municipal water distribution systems, in which biofilms have been recognized as an important factor for their persistence.
Intestinal parasites in domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) in farms of Azerbaijan

In the article are presented the results of research of domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) infected with intestinal coccidia of genera Cryptosporidium, Eimeria, Isospora, as well as parasitic infusion genus of Balantidium. We have found the following 5 coccidian species in pigs: Eimeria deblieski, Eimeria scabra, Eimeria polita, Isospora suis and Cryptosporidium suis. The most widely distributed is E. deblieski, it was found in pigs in all the studied private households. The extent of infestation with Eimeria and Cryptosporidium was higher in the lowland areas of the Absheron Peninsula, in Salyan region 46.0 and 45.1%, respectively. In foothill area (Khudat) was 39.0 and 42.5%, in the mountainous (Shamakhi, Ismayilli) -12.3 and 19.5%. It noted the mixed infection in domestic pigs of coccidia from 2 genuses cryptosporidium with eimeria and from 3 genus eimeria with cryptosporidium with balantidium.
Professional identity – product of structure, product of choice

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to extend the discussion of the recursive relationship between the identity of a profession and the professional identity of individuals in the context of change.Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on qualitative data collected as part of a pilot study into change in the NHS. It draws on structuration theory and insights from social identity theory (SIT) to propose that the relationship between the collective level of the profession and the individual level of the professional is recursive.Findings – The data suggest that individual professionals use and rewrite scripts of their profession but also draw upon new scripts as they engage with local change. To that extent they contribute from the local level upwards to the changing identity of their profession. Further more detailed micro level studies are required.Research limitations/implications – The argument is based on a limited data set and points towards the need for further microlevel studies which exa.
An Improved Algebraic Criterion for Global Exponential Stability of Recurrent Neural Networks With Time-Varying Delays

This brief paper presents an M-matrix-based algebraic criterion for the global exponential stability of a class of recurrent neural networks with decreasing time-varying delays. The criterion improves some previous criteria based on M-matrix and is easy to be verified with the connection weights of the recurrent neural networks with decreasing time-varying delays. In addition, the rate of exponential convergence can be estimated via a simple computation based on the criterion herein.
Wechsler Intelligence Tests: do we really have a criterion of mental retardation?

The definition of mental retardation offered by the American Association on Mental Deficiency refers to an IQ of approximately 70 or below. This is identical to the Wechsler criterion of a test performance two standard deviations (SDs) below the population mean. In fact, Wechsler tests have not supplied such a criterion, rather they have deviated from it by anything from . 27 to a full SD. Having done without such a criterion for 40 years, we should consider exchanging it for one that is fixed in time and whose external validity is attested to by an accumulated body of evidence.