Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Presentation and Outcome of Emphysematous Renal Tract Disease in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Emphysematous renal tract disease (ERTD) is a rare necrotizing infection of the renal parenchyma and urinary tract caused by gas-producing organisms. ERTD deserves special attention because of its life-threatening potential. Objectives: To study the clinical features, radiological classification and prognostic factors of ERTD; and to compare the modalities of management and the outcome among the various radiological classes of ERTD. Patients and Methods: Twenty consecutive patients with diabetes and ERTD, seen over last 3 years in a tertiary care institute of north India, were included in the study. All patients were subjected to computerized tomography (CT) after initial diagnosis by ultrasonography. They were classified into 5 classes as previously described. All patients included in the study were conservatively managed with appropriate antibiotics and/or percutaneous drainage or surgery if required. Result: Mean age (± SD) of these subjects was 54.4 ± 20.6 years; duration of diabetes mellitus 8.6 ± 5.8 years, and duration of symptoms related with ERTD ranged from 3 days to 3 months. Two patients had isolated emphysematous cystitis, 13 patients had emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN), 3 had both EPN and cystitis, and 1 patient had EPN with cholecystitis, and 1 patient had EPN with pyomyositis. Only 7 (35%) patients had a history of pneumaturia. Escherichia coli was the commonest microorganism. The radiological distribution in 18 (2 had isolated cystitis) patients with EPN was: 2 patients had class 1; 1 had class 2; 2 had class 3A; 11 had class 3B, and 2 had class 4. Of 20 patients 11 (55%) survived. However, those patients who died had severe EPN based on radiological class (6 had class 3B and 1 had class 4). There was no significant difference between the survivor and non-survivor groups with respect to age, gender, duration of diabetes mellitus, duration of symptoms, serum creatinine level, total leukocyte count, hemoglobin, platelet count and culture positivity. Conclusion: Computerized tomographic class 3B or 4 is the most reliable predictor of outcome in patients with ERTD.
Constructing Images of Ourselves? A Critical Investigation into 'Approaches to Learning' Research in Higher Education

This article focuses on the surprising lack of critique in the pedagogical literatures of higher education in relation to the use of ideas surrounding deep and surface approaches to learning. The article explores problems with the assumed relationships between 'conceptions of learning', 'perceptions of the learning environment', 'approaches to learning' and 'learning outcomes', and suggests that whilst the model may be successful in creating a generalised description of the 'elite' goals and values of academic culture, it says surprisingly little about the majority of students in a mass system. After exploring research in the area of academic literacies as an alternative approach to understanding student learning, it is suggested that higher education is going to have to find new ways of conceptualising its core values and activities if it is to become truly accessible to the widest possible range of 'lifelong learners'.
Cortical Alpha Oscillations Predict Speech Intelligibility

Understanding speech in noise (SiN) is a complex task involving sensory encoding and cognitive resources including working memory and attention. Previous work has shown that brain oscillations, particularly alpha rhythms (8–12 Hz) play important roles in sensory processes involving working memory and attention. However, no previous study has examined brain oscillations during performance of a continuous speech perception test. The aim of this study was to measure cortical alpha during attentive listening in a commonly used SiN task (digits-in-noise, DiN) to better understand the neural processes associated with “top-down” cognitive processing in adverse listening environments. We recruited 14 normal hearing (NH) young adults. DiN speech reception threshold (SRT) was measured in an initial behavioral experiment. EEG activity was then collected: (i) while performing the DiN near SRT; and (ii) while attending to a silent, close-caption video during presentation of identical digit stimuli that the participant was instructed to ignore. Three main results were obtained: (1) during attentive (“active”) listening to the DiN, a number of distinct neural oscillations were observed (mainly alpha with some beta; 15–30 Hz). No oscillations were observed during attention to the video (“passive” listening); (2) overall, alpha event-related synchronization (ERS) of central/parietal sources were observed during active listening when data were grand averaged across all participants. In some participants, a smaller magnitude alpha event-related desynchronization (ERD), originating in temporal regions, was observed; and (3) when individual EEG trials were sorted according to correct and incorrect digit identification, the temporal alpha ERD was consistently greater on correctly identified trials. No such consistency was observed with the central/parietal alpha ERS. These data demonstrate that changes in alpha activity are specific to listening conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first report that shows almost no brain oscillatory changes during a passive task compared to an active task in any sensory modality. Temporal alpha ERD was related to correct digit identification.
Exploring Prospective Teachers’ Worldviews and Conceptions of Nature of Science

This study explores the relationship, if any, between an individual’s culturally based worldviews and conceptions of nature of science. In addition, the implications of this relationship (or lack of relationship) for science teaching and learning are discussed. Participants were 54 Taiwanese prospective science teachers. Their conceptions of nature of science and their worldviews specific to humans’ relationship with the natural world were assessed using two open‐ended questionnaires in conjunction with follow‐up interviews. Their understandings of nature of science were classified into informed and naïve categories based upon contemporary views of these constructs and those stressed in international reform documents. An anthropocentric–naturecentric continuum emerged and is used to explain the participants’ views about humans’ relationship with Nature. Participants who recognized the limitations of scientific knowledge, and accept the idea that science involves subjective and cultural components, were more likely to emphasize harmony with Nature. In contrast, participants who possessed narrow views about the scientific enterprise and described science as close to technology and as of materialistic benefit tended to provide an anthropocentric perspective regarding the human–Nature relationships. The findings illustrate the interplay between participants’ sociocultural beliefs and conceptions of nature of science. Concisely, people with different worldviews may have concurrently different views about nature of science. The study suggests the need for incorporating sociocultural perspectives and nature of science in the science curriculum.
Specification of Cortical Parenchyma and Stele of Maize Primary Roots by Asymmetric Levels of Auxin, Cytokinin, and Cytokinin-Regulated Proteins1[C][W][OA]

In transverse orientation, maize (Zea mays) roots are composed of a central stele that is embedded in multiple layers of cortical parenchyma. The stele functions in the transport of water, nutrients, and photosynthates, while the cortical parenchyma fulfills metabolic functions that are not very well characterized. To better understand the molecular functions of these root tissues, protein- and phytohormone-profiling experiments were conducted. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry identified 59 proteins that were preferentially accumulated in the cortical parenchyma and 11 stele-specific proteins. Hormone profiling revealed preferential accumulation of indole acetic acid and its conjugate indole acetic acid-aspartate in the stele and predominant localization of the cytokinin cis-zeatin, its precursor cis-zeatin riboside, and its conjugate cis-zeatin O-glucoside in the cortical parenchyma. A root-specific β-glucosidase that functions in the hydrolysis of cis-zeatin O-glucoside was preferentially accumulated in the cortical parenchyma. Similarly, four enzymes involved in ammonium assimilation that are regulated by cytokinin were preferentially accumulated in the cortical parenchyma. The antagonistic distribution of auxin and cytokinin in the stele and cortical parenchyma, together with the cortical parenchyma-specific accumulation of cytokinin-regulated proteins, suggest a molecular framework that specifies the function of these root tissues that also play a role in the formation of lateral roots from pericycle and endodermis cells.
Persuasive Discourse Impairments in Traumatic Brain Injury

Background: Considering the cognitive and linguistic complexity of discourse production, it is expected that individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) should face difficulties in this task. Therefore, clinical examination of discourse has become a useful tool for studying and assessment of communication skills of people suffering from TBI. Among different genres of discourse, persuasive discourse is considered as a more cognitively demanding task. However, little is known about persuasive discourse in individuals suffering from TBI. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of adults with TBI on a task of spoken persuasive discourse to determine the impaired linguistic measures. Patients and Methods: Thirteen TBI nonaphasic Persian speaking individuals, ranged between 19 to 40 years (Mean = 25.64 years; SD = 6.10) and 59 healthy adults matched by age, were asked to perform the persuasive discourse task. The task included asking the participants to express their opinion on a topic, and after the analysis of the produced discourse, the two groups were compared on the basis of their language productivity, sentential complexity, maze ratio and cohesion ratio. Results: The TBI group produced discourses with less productivity, sentential complexity, cohesion ratio and more maze ratio compared the control group. Conclusions: As it is important to consider acquired communication disorders particularly discourse impairment of brain injured patients along with their other clinical impairments and regarding the fact that persuasive discourse is crucial in academic and social situations, the persuasive discourse task presented in this study could be a useful tool for speech therapists, intending to evaluate communication disorders in patients with TBI.
Glial modulation of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus

For many years, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes were considered the inert partners of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), but several recent studies have dramatically challenged this view. Glial cells express a large number of different voltage‐ and ligand‐gated ion channels (Verkhratsky and Steinhäuser. Brain Res Rev 32:380–412, 2000 ) as well as G‐protein‐coupled receptors (Verkhratsky et al. Physiol Rev 78:99–141, 1998 )—machinery necessary to sense and respond to neuronal activity. These findings raised the fundamental question as to whether glial receptors are stimulated under physiological conditions, and what sorts of events are triggered by such activation. During the early 1990s, P. Haydon and colleagues made the seminal observation that [Ca2+]i rises in cultured astrocytes are associated with the release of glutamate, which suggested that astrocytes respond to activation and play active modulatory roles in intercellular communication (Parpura et al. Nature 369:744–747, 1994 ). Subsequent studies performed in situ confirmed and extended this initial observation. In this review, we will focus specifically on the hippocampus and sum up evidence of bidirectional communication between astrocytes and neurons emerging from recent studies using acute slice preparations. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accuracy of Resting Metabolic Rate Prediction Equations in Athletes

Abstract Jagim, AR, Camic, CL, Kisiolek, J, Luedke, J, Erickson, J, Jones, MT, and Oliver, JM. Accuracy of resting metabolic rate prediction equations in athletes. J Strength Cond Res 32(7): 1875–1881, 2018—The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of 5 different resting metabolic rate (RMR) prediction equations in male and female athletes. Twenty-two female (19.7 ± 1.4 years; 166.2 ± 5.5 cm; 63.5 ± 7.3 kg; 49.2 ± 4.3 kg of fat-free mass (FFM); 23.4 ± 4.4 body fat (BF) percent) and 28 male (20.2 ± 1.6 years; 181.9 ± 6.1 cm; 94.5 ± 16.2 kg; 79.1 ± 7.2 kg of FFM; 15.1 ± 8.5% BF) athletes were recruited to participate in 1 day of metabolic testing. Assessments comprised RMR measurements using indirect calorimetry, and body composition analyses using air displacement plethysmography. One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance with follow-up paired t tests were selected to determine differences between indirect calorimetry and 5 RMR prediction equations. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the accuracy of each RMR prediction method. An alpha level of p ⩽ 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. All the prediction equations significantly underestimated RMR while the Cunningham equation had the smallest mean difference (−165 kcals). In men, the Harris-Benedict equation was found to be the best prediction formula with the lowest root-mean-square prediction error value of 284 kcals. In women, the Cunningham equation was found to be the best prediction equation with the lowest root-mean-squared error value of 110 kcals. Resting metabolic rate prediction equations consistently seem to underestimate RMR in male and female athletes. The Harris-Benedict equation seems to be most accurate for male athletes, whereas the Cunningham equation may be better suited for female athletes.
A FIELD STUDY OF APPLICANT REACTIONS TO EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES: DOES THE RECRUITER MAKE A DIFFERENCE?

Previous cross-sectional field and laboratory research has provided mixed results as to whether recruiter characteristics and behaviors influence applicant reactions to employment opportunities. The present research was conducted to examine the effect of recruiter characteristics using a pre-post study design in a naturally occurring setting. In addition, the effects of several potential moderators on recruiter influence were tested. Results indicated that recruiter characteristics had an impact on perceived job attributes, regard for job and company, and likelihood of joining the company. There was little evidence that the effect of recruiter characteristics was moderated by selected applicant, job, or interviewer variables.
CONTACT WITH HEALTH-CARE SERVICE EXPECTATION AND REALITY OF SITUATION EXPERIENCED BY IMMIGRANTS SEEKING SWEDISH HEALTH-CARE

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate how immigrants from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Somalia and Kosovo experienced contact with Swedish health-care regarding meeting with health-care professionals. Material and Methods: Eighteen participants, nine men and nine women from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Somalia and Kosovo participated in focus group interviews (FGI). Data were collected from April 2013 to April 2014 through three group interviews using open-ended questions. A qualitative approach, incorporating a critical incident technique (CIT) was used. Results: The findings highlighted patient’s negative experiences regarding the Swedish health care system. Their main complaints concerned delayed ambulances, lack of doctors in outpatient clinics, long journeys to the hospital and long waiting time at the emergency department. Lack of information about the disease, difficulties seeing a doctor in the department, poor language skills and insufficient interpreters were some of other difficulties that mentioned by participants. Conclusions: In order to provide satisfactory health care to patient with different ethnic backgrounds, it is important to be aware of their vulnerable situation and their limit capacity to express their needs. This research could be a starting point in developing strategies for reducing ethnicity-based misunderstandings and inequalities in the health-care system.
The Impact of Organizational Goal Setting on the Industrial Munificence-goal Attainment Relationship

In seeking to exploit environmental resources and opportun ities, CEOs can either set multiple goals or narrow th eir focus on a few targets for the organizations. What appr oach will help organizations to benefit more from in dustrial munificence? In this paper, we investigate the moderat ing effects of CEOs’ goal setting (including the number of goals and the prioritization of these goals) on the re lationship between industrial munificence and the satisf action of goal attainment. By examining 277 small and medium-size firms in four countries, we find that CEOs need to stretch their goal list while keeping a clear priority order among these goals in order to capitalize on industria l munificence. Implications of our study are discussed.
Independent and Incremental Prognostic Value of 201Tl Lung Uptake at Rest in Patients With Severe Postischemic Left Ventricular Dysfunction

BackgroundAn elevated 201Tl lung uptake after stress is related to an adverse prognosis. Methods and ResultsThe functional and prognostic significance of resting 201Tl lung uptake was assessed in 124 consecutive patients with ischemic heart disease and ejection fraction ≤35% undergoing rest-redistribution tomography to evaluate myocardial viability. 201Tl lung uptake significantly correlated with pulmonary wedge pressure (r =0.66;P <0.01) and with a restrictive physiology by Doppler echocardiography (P <0.001). During a 13±13-month follow-up, 13 patients died and 23 patients required hospitalization as the result of worsening heart failure or nonfatal myocardial infarction (cumulative events rate 29%). Patients with events had a significantly higher 201Tl lung/heart ratio (L/H) (P <0.001). A L/H value >0.61 best separated patients with and without events (ROC area under curve 0.82). Event-free survival was significantly lower in patients with L/H >0.61 (P <0.001); L/H >0.61 (&khgr;2=10.8;P <0.001) and a restrictive filling pattern (&khgr;2=3.6;P <0.05) were independent predictors of events. The prognostic value of L/H was incremental over that obtained by clinical, echographic and Doppler data (global &khgr;2=20.8). ConclusionsIn patients with severe postischemic left ventricular dysfunction undergoing rest-redistribution 201Tl imaging, an increased lung tracer uptake showed incremental prognostic value over clinical and other imaging findings, providing clinically useful risk assessment.
How Do Teachers Learn to Manage Classroom Behaviour? A study of teachers’ opinions about their initial training with special reference to classroom behaviour management

Summary Structured interviews were carried out with 176 secondary school teachers to elicit their views/opinions about their initial professional training and their later practical experience, with particular reference to classroom behaviour management. The results showed that the vast majority of teachers believe classroom management skills to be of major importance to them professionally. Nearly three‐quarters of them were dissatisfied with the preparation in this area of professional skills provided by their initial training courses. Many thought that their colleagues spent too much time on matters of order and control and 38% thought that they, themselves, did also. Generally, they showed an interest in attending training courses in classroom behaviour management. Many felt that such training could reduce stress among teachers and might help to reduce troublesome behaviour among their pupils. Nearly all of them thought that it would be of benefit to their younger colleagues who were just beginning the.
Articulating Adolescent Girls' Resistance to Patriarchal Discourse in Popular Media

This paper explores and theorizes the experiences in adolescent girls' lives that pertain to their ability to resist damaging media representations of femininity. Traditional theoretical approaches to resistance involve notions of “resistant reading” of media messages. In this paper, I move beyond the individualized concept of resistant readings of media messages to a theory of resistance related to collective feminist activism, in the context of girls' culture. After surveying the theories of resistance currently employed in the mass communication/cultural studies literature, I compare these formulations with recent scholarship on girls' development. I conclude that the widely accepted construction of autonomous and individual “resistant reading” neglects important aspects of girls' lives; the question must be approached, instead, in terms of communities and collectivities that form a central part of girls' culture, with the goal of mobilizing adolescent girls in their dealings with patriarchal popular c.
An electrophysiological comparison of two indices of recollection

Abstract Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during the test phases of two modified recognition memory tasks. The study phases for the tasks were identical. In the test phase of the source task, participants made initial old/new judgments to visually presented words and, for each word judged old, indicated in which of two voices the word had been heard at study. In the test phase of the Remember/Know task, participants again made an initial recognition judgment, but then indicated whether recognition was accompanied or unaccompanied by a “recollective experience. ” Consistent with previous findings, two temporally and topographically distinct effects differentiated the ERPs evoked by old words attracting correct source judgments from ERPs to new words. The same two effects, topographically indistinguishable from those in the source task, were found for the Remember/Know task. The findings support the view that recollection defined by accurate source discrimination and recollection defined as the subjective experience of remembering are neurally and functionally equivalent.
Mimivirus is not a frequent cause of ventilator‐associated pneumonia in critically ill patients

Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus (APMV) belongs to the amoebae‐associated microorganisms. Antibodies to APMV have been found in patients with pneumonia suggesting a potential role as a respiratory pathogen. In addition, positive serology for APMV was associated with an increased duration of mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit stay in patients with ventilator‐associated pneumonia. The aim of the present study was to assess the presence of APMV in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples of critically ill patients suspected of ventilator‐associated pneumonia. The study was conducted in the intensive care unit of the Maastricht University Medical Centre. All consecutive bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples obtained between January 2005 and October 2009 from patients suspected of ventilator‐associated pneumonia were eligible for inclusion. All samples were analyzed by real‐time PCR targeting the APMV. A total of 260 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from 214 patients (139 male, 75 female) were included. Bacterial ventilator‐associated pneumonia was confirmed microbiologically in 105 out of 260 (40%) suspected episodes of ventilator‐associated pneumonia (86 patients). The presence of APMV DNA could not be demonstrated in the bacterial ventilator‐associated pneumonia positive or in the bacterial ventilator‐associated pneumonia negative bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples. Although suspected, APMV appeared not to be present in critically ill patients suspected of ventilator‐associated pneumonia, and APMV does not seem to be a frequent cause of ventilator‐associated pneumonia. J Med. Virol. 85:1836–1841, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.