Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Social Dimensions of Learning Disabilities : Essays in Honor of Tanis Bryan

Contents: Preface. M.L. Donahue, B.Y. L. Wong, How to Start a Revolution. H. Tur-Kaspa, Social Cognition in Learning Disabilities. M. Cosden, C. Brown, K. Elliott, Development of Self-Understanding and Self-Esteem in Children and Adults With Learning Disabilities. M. Margalit, M. Al-Yagon, The Loneliness Experience of Children With Learning Disabilities. R. Pearl, Students With Learning Disabilities and Their Classroom Companions. J. Wiener, Friendship and Social Adjustment of Children With Learning Disabilities. M. Bay, Preparing Prospective Teachers to Work in the Social and Emotional Worlds of Students With Learning Disabilities. C.A. Stone, K. Bradley, J. Kleiner, Parental Understanding of Children With Language/Learning Disabilities and Its Role in the Creation of Scaffolding Opportunities. D. Sridhar, S. Vaughn, Bibliotherapy: Practices for Improving Self-Concept and Reading Comprehension. N.L. Hutchinson, J.G. Freeman, K.S. Bell, Children and Adolescents With Learning Disabilities: Case Studies of Social Relations in Inclusive Classrooms. B.K. Keogh, Models of Longitudinal Research: Implications for the Study of Social Dimensions of Learning Disabilities.
Nonlinear relationship between emotional valence and brain activity: Evidence of separate negative and positive valence dimensions

Emotion plays a significant role in goal‐directed behavior, yet its neural basis is yet poorly understood. In several psychological models the cardinal dimensions that characterize the emotion space are considered to be valence and arousal. Here 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to reveal brain areas that show valence‐ and arousal‐dependent blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal responses. Seventeen healthy adults viewed pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) for brief 100 ms periods in a block design paradigm. In many brain regions BOLD signals correlated significantly positively with valence ratings of unpleasant pictures. Interestingly, partly in the same regions but also in several other regions BOLD signals correlated negatively with valence ratings of pleasant pictures. Therefore, there were several areas where the correlation across all pictures was of inverted U‐shape. Such correlations were found bilaterally in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) extending to anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and insula. Self‐rated arousal of those pictures which were evaluated to be unpleasant correlated with BOLD signal in the ACC, whereas for pleasant pictures arousal correlated positively with the BOLD signal strength in the right substantia innominata. We interpret our results to suggest a major division of brain mechanisms underlying affective behavior to those evaluating stimuli to be pleasant or unpleasant. This is consistent with the basic division of behavior to approach and withdrawal, where differentiation of hostile and hospitable stimuli is crucial. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor MGCD0103 Has Both Deacetylase and Microtubule Inhibitory Activity

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are currently in trial or are in clinical use for the treatment of a number of tumor types. The clinical efficacy of HDACis can be partly attributed to the modulation of the cell cycle by the HDACis. Here, we have examined the effects of N-(2-aminophenyl)-4-((4-pyridin-3-ylpyrimidin-2-ylamino)methyl)benzamide (MGCD0103), a class I-selective histone deacetylase inhibitor, on the cell cycle and cell killing. Surprisingly, MGCD0103 treatment failed to initiate a G1-phase arrest but caused marked accumulation of cells in G2/M at 6 and 12 h after treatment and was cytotoxic 24 h after treatment. These cell cycle effects were considerably distinct from the effects of suberic bishydroxamic acid, a representative of the pan-isoform HDACi used in this study. MGCD0103 shared the ability of the pan-isoform HDACi to trigger defective mitosis and promote mitotic slippage. Likewise, it also specifically targeted tumor cells and was nontoxic to normal nontransformed cells. However, MGDC0103 also seemed to disrupt normal microtubule spindle formation, whereas HDACis generally have only a minor effect on spindle formation. The effect of MGCD0103 on spindle formation was shown to be a consequence of microtubule destabilization. This is the first example of an HDACi with microtubule destabilizing activity, and the combined effects of this drug have advantages for its therapeutic use.
The Downward Trend of Survey Response Rates: Implications and Considerations for Evaluators

Abstract: Rapidly declining response rates and the associated threat of nonresponse bias call into question the validity of data obtained through telephone surveys, a tool often used in evaluation. This article explores changes in nonresponse bias over time by examining three data points (1991, 1996, and 2002) from an annual household telephone survey conducted by the University of Alberta’s Population Research Lab. Results demonstrate a substantial decline in response rates accompanied by an increasing level of bias in variables related to respondent education. Implications of these results are investigated through regression analyses and suggest that declining representation of individuals with less education could significantly impact a variety of survey variables, thus creating opportunity for opinions of the more educated to become more heavily weighted in evaluation results. In turn, such results could be used to inform government policies and programs in ways that advantage the educated middle class.
Leaf Rust of Wheat: Pathogen Biology, Variation and Host Resistance

Rusts are important pathogens of angiosperms and gymnosperms including cereal crops and forest trees. With respect to cereals, rust fungi are among the most important pathogens. Cereal rusts are heteroecious and macrocyclic requiring two taxonomically unrelated hosts to complete a five spore stage life cycle. Cereal rust fungi are highly variable for virulence and molecular polymorphism. Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina is the most common rust of wheat on a worldwide basis. Many different races of P. triticina that vary for virulence to leaf rust resistance genes in wheat differential lines are found annually in the US. Molecular markers have been used to characterize rust populations in the US and worldwide. Highly virulent races of P. triticina are selected by leaf rust resistance genes in the soft red winter wheat, hard red winter wheat and hard red spring wheat cultivars that are grown in different regions of the US. Cultivars that only have race-specific leaf rust resistance genes that are effective in seedling plants lose their effective resistance and become susceptible within a few years of release. Cultivars with combinations of race non-specific resistance genes have remained resistant over a period of years even though races of the leaf rust population have changed constantly.
Campylobacter spp among children with acute diarrhea attending Mulago hospital in Kampala--Uganda.

BACKGROUND Campylobacter infections occur worldwide. A recent study in Kampala, Uganda, found that 87% of broiler chickens had Campylobacter jejuni; these are potential source of human infection. Isolation rate in developing countries is between 5-35%. This study aimed at finding prevalence of children with campylobacter infection among children with acute diarrhea attending Mulago hospital. OBJECTIVE The objective was to establish the proportion of children infected with Campylobacter spp among children with acute diarrhea at Mulago hospital. METHODS A crossectional study from July to October 2005 was conducted involved 226 children with acute diarrhea. Serial sampling was done a total of 226 stool specimens were obtained and cultured on selective media. Identification was done using biochemical test and susceptibility using standard discs diffusion method. RESULTS Campylobacter spp were isolated in 21 (9.3%) of 226 stool specimens analyzed. Campylobacter jejuni 17 (80.9%), Campylobacter lari 2 (9.5%), Campylobacter coli 1 (4.5%) and Campylobacter jejuni/coli 1(4.5%). All Campylobacter isolates were sensitive to erythromycin, and 20% had intermediate resistance to Ampicillin. CONCLUSION Campylobacter spp are prevalent among children with acute diarrhea in Kampala- Uganda. A large multicenter study should be undertaken so that the extent of campylobacter infection in our setting can be established.
Gauge theory and Rasmussen's invariant

Using a version of instanton homology, an integer invariant s♯(K) is defined for knots K in S3. This invariant is shown to be equal to Rasmussen's s‐invariant. While Rasmussen's invariant provides a lower bound for 2 g(Σ) for any surface Σ in B4 with boundary K, it is shown in this paper that s♯(K) (and therefore s(K)) similarly bounds the genus of such a surface Σ in any homotopy 4‐ball.
Enrofloxacin resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from dogs with urinary tract infections.

OBJECTIVE To assess the strain heterogeneity of enrofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli associated with urinary tract infections in dogs at a veterinary medical teaching hospital (VMTH). In addition, strains from other veterinary hospitals in California were compared with the VMTH strains to assess the geographic distribution of specific enrofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates. DESIGN Bacteriologic study. SAMPLE POPULATION 56 isolates of E. coli from urine samples (43 isolates from dogs at the VMTH, 13 isolates from dogs from other veterinary clinics in California). PROCEDURES Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was performed on 56 isolates of E. coli from urine samples from 56 dogs. All 56 isolates were tested for susceptibility to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, cephalexin, and ampicillin. Enrofloxacin usage data from 1994 to 1998 were obtained from the VMTH pharmacy. RESULTS Several strains of enrofloxacin-resistant E. coli were collected from urine samples from the VMTH, and strains identical to those from the VMTH were collected from other veterinary clinics in California. For the isolates that did share similar DNA banding patterns, variable antibiotic resistance profiles were observed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The increased occurrence of enrofloxacin-resistant E. coli from urine samples from dogs at the VMTH was not likely attributable to a single enrofloxacin-resistant clone but may be attributed to a collective increase in enrofloxacin resistance among uropathogenic E. coli in dogs in general.
Partition coefficients in food/packaging systems: a review

Food contamination can result from various interactions between food and packaging materials. Migration of volatiles, additives, monomers and oligomers from packaging materials into food or adsorption of volatile compounds from the food by the polymer are important considerations from safety, hygienic and economic points of view. The term ‘migration’ includes two phenomena (partition and diffusion) that can be important in determining the concentration of contaminants in a food system at any time. An estimation of the partition coefficient, K, in food/packaging systems has been the major objective of numerous different studies. Various parameters can influence K such as temperature, pH, the chemical structure of the migrant, molecular size and structure, fat content, and degrees of crystallinity. Some theoretical approaches such as the quantitative structure–property relationship method could be of interest in the near future.
The Effects of Two Pacing Contingencies in a Keller Type Program at the Elementary School Level Using Commercially Available Materials.

McLaughlin, T. F. ; Malaby, J. E. The Effects of Two Pacing Contingencies in a Keller Type Program at the Elementary School Level Using Coasercially Available Materials. Kansas Univ., Lawrence. Dept. of Human Development. Office of Education (DHEM), Washington, D.C. Aug 74 0EG-0-8-522422-4433 20p. ; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association (82nd, New Orleans, Louisiana, August 30-September 3, 1974)
Transcriptional mapping of a late gene coding for the p12 attachment protein of African swine fever virus

The transcriptional characterization of the gene coding for the p12 attachment protein of the African swine fever virus is presented. The results obtained have been used to generate the first detailed transcriptional map of an African swine fever virus late gene. Novel experimental evidence indicating the existence of major differences between the mechanisms controlling the transcription of late genes in African swine fever virus and poxviruses is provided.
TGFß1 Stimulates the Over-Production of White Matter Astrocytes from Precursors of the “Brain Marrow” in a Rodent Model of Neonatal Encephalopathy

Background In children born prematurely and those surviving cerebral ischemia there are white matter abnormalities that correlate with neurological dysfunction. Since this injury occurs in the immature brain, when the majority of subventricular zone (SVZ) cells generate white matter oligodendrocytes, we sought to study the effect this injury has on gliogenesis from the SVZ. We hypothesized that there is aberrant glial cell generation from the SVZ after neonatal hypoxia ischemia (H/I) that contributes to an increased astrogliogenesis with concomitant oligodendroglial insufficiency. Mechanistically we hypothesized that an increase in specific locally produced cytokines during recovery from injury were modifying the differentiation of glial progenitors towards astrocytes at the expense of the more developmentally-appropriate oligodendrocytes. Methodology/Principal Finding For these studies we used the Vannucci H/I rat model where P6 rats are subjected to unilateral common carotid ligation followed by 75 min of systemic hypoxia. Retroviral lineage tracing studies combined with morphological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed the preferential generation of SVZ-derived white matter astrocytes instead of oligodendrocytes post hypoxia/ischemia. Microarray and QRT-PCR analyses of the damaged SVZ showed increased expression of several cytokines and receptors that are known to promote astrocyte differentiation, such as EGF, LIF and TGFß signaling components. Using gliospheres to model the neonatal SVZ, we evaluated the effects of these cytokines on signal transduction pathways regulating astrocyte generation, proliferation and differentiation. These studies demonstrated that combinations of EGF, LIF and TGFß1 reconstituted the increased astrogliogenesis. TGFß1-induced Smad 2/3 phosphorylation and the combination of EGF, LIF and TGFß1 synergistically increased STAT3 phosphorylation over single or double cytokine combinations. Pharmacologically inhibiting ALK5 signaling in vitro antagonized the TGFß1-induced increase in astrocyte generation and antagonizing ALK5 signaling in vivo similarly inhibited astrogliogenesis within the SVZ during recovery from H/I. Conclusion/Significance Altogether, these data indicate that there is aberrant specification of glial precursors within the neonatal SVZ during recovery from neonatal H/I that is a consequence of altered cytokine signaling. Our studies further suggest that antagonizing the ALK5 receptor will restore the normal pattern of cell differentiation after injury to the immature brain.
Variable Selection

In our discussion of regression to date we have assumed that all the explanatory variables included in the model are chosen in advance. However, in many situations the set of explanatory variables to be included is not predetermined and selecting them becomes part of the analysis. There are two main approaches towards variable selection: the all possible regressions approach and automatic methods. The all possible regressions approach considers all possible subsets of the pool of explanatory variables and finds the model that best fits the data according to some criteria (e.g. Adjusted R 2 , AIC and BIC). These criteria assign scores to each model and allow us to choose the model with the best score. The function regsubsets() in the library " leaps " can be used for regression subset selection. Thereafter, one can view the ranked models according to different scoring criteria by plotting the results of regsubsets(). Before using the function for the first time you will need to install the library using the R GUI. Alternatively, you can use the command install.packages(" leaps ") to install it. Ex. Data was collected on 100 homes recently sold in a city. It consisted of the sales price (in $), house size (in square feet), the number of bedrooms, the number of bathrooms, the lot size (in square feet) and annual real estate tax (in $). Use price as the response variable and determine which of the five explanatory variables should be included in the regression model using the all possible regressions approach. To view the ranked models according to the adjusted R-squared criteria and BIC, respectively, type: > plot(leaps, scale="adjr2") > plot(leaps, scale="bic")
A FOLLOW-UP STUDY OF ROMANIAN FAMILIES WHO ADOPTED ROMANIAN CHILDREN

Summary It is clear that excellent progress is being made with regard to domestic adoption in Romania. Holt’s domestic adoption program responds to a need in the community. We found good outcomes. Results are very hopeful and adoptions are quite positive. Most of the children are developmentally appropriate and have no health problems or sensory difficulties. Parents report good parent-child relations, few have behavior concerns, and the adoptions are very stable. Most Romanian families had positive attitudes about their children and were committed to the adoption. Families were positive about the role that Holt staff have played in their adoptions. Holt staff are well respected and liked by families Results can be integrated into the conceptual framework of resources and stressors as outlined in the beginning of this report. Most of the stressors and resources outlined in the conceptual model regarding the community were not addressed specifically in this study. Nevertheless, there is anecdotal information and impressions that
Learning and force adaptation for interactive actions

Dynamic movement primitives prove to be a useful and effective way to represent an action of a given agent. However, current DMP formulations do not take the interaction among multiple agents into the consideration. We propose a new formulation called Coordinate Change Dynamic Movement Primitive (CC-DMP), which explicitly represents the relationship between leader and follower in multi-agent collaborative tasks. The formulation of the CC-DMP is motivated by the idea of learning the relationships among interacting agents instead of learning single agent movements. We extend this idea in our previous work further to include a coupling term into the formulation, which is initially learned to adapt the CC-DMP to the current environment and context and is subsequently refined to account for dynamic changes perceived by the agent's sensor system. The incorporation of the coupling term in the formulation allows learning and adaptation of CC-DMPs for interaction tasks as well as encoding the complexity of the learned actions and their adaptation to dynamic changes in the scene, specifically caused by another agent. We demonstrate our approach in the context of learning wiping movements for dynamically changing task constraints.
On the node density limits and rate-delay-energy tradeoffs in ad hoc nanonetworks with minimum energy coding

Ad-hoc nanonetworks are collections of nanonodes without central controller units, and are the most promising network architectures in nano communications. Derivation of maximum nanonode density can pave the way for determining the capacity of ad-hoc nanonetworks. We consider ad-hoc nanonetworks with minimum energy coding (MEC). Maximum nanonode density for reliable communication in an ad-hoc nanonetwork without any medium access control is derived, and density dependent reliability analysis is conducted. Rate-delay-energy tradeoffs are also investigated with achievable rates, with constant codebook size and constant Hamming distance, separately.
Automated feedback generation for introductory programming assignments

We present a new method for automatically providing feedback for introductory programming problems. In order to use this method, we need a reference implementation of the assignment, and an error model consisting of potential corrections to errors that students might make. Using this information, the system automatically derives minimal corrections to student's incorrect solutions, providing them with a measure of exactly how incorrect a given solution was, as well as feedback about what they did wrong. We introduce a simple language for describing error models in terms of correction rules, and formally define a rule-directed translation strategy that reduces the problem of finding minimal corrections in an incorrect program to the problem of synthesizing a correct program from a sketch. We have evaluated our system on thousands of real student attempts obtained from the Introduction to Programming course at MIT (6.00) and MITx (6.00x). Our results show that relatively simple error models can correct on average 64% of all incorrect submissions in our benchmark set.
Retrospective comparison of open versus laparoscopic pyloromyotomy

Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy is gaining popularity in the management of pyloric stenosis. However, there is no unequivocal evidence in favour of the laparoscopic over the open approach. This paper reports an experience with laparoscopic pyloromyotomy and an attempt to identify any benefit over the open procedure.
PERCEPTIONS OF MOBILE ASSISTED E-COOPERATIVE LEARNING QUALITY

This study was to examine students’ learning experience during collaborative learning tasks in a social e-learning environment with mobile apps, based on social constructivism theory in higher education settings. To better understand the quality of students’ learning experience, 52 university students answered a questionnaire after experiencing a mobile assisted social e-learning system. The survey was designed to measure 7 variables from students’ perspective, positive interdependence, individual accountability, group processing, social skills, face-to-face interaction, quality of feedback, and perceived ability. There were 4 dimensions in evaluating students’ quality of learning experiences, usefulness, confidence, motivation, and satisfaction. The results showed that perceived individual accountability and quality of feedback were found to predict perceived learning quality. Further, the results demonstrated that quality of feedback on the social performance of individual group members can enhance the perceived learning quality. Results revealed that students favored working collaboratively using hand-held devices in a socially connected e-learning environment.