Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endogenous Entry in Markets with Unobserved Quality ∗ by Anthony Creane † and

In markets for experience or credence goods adverse selection can drive out higher quality products and services. This negative implication of asymmetric information about product quality for trading and welfare, poses the question of how such markets first originate. We consider a market in which sellers make observable investment decisions to enter a market in which each seller’s quality becomes private information. Entry has the tendency to lower prices, which may lead to adverse selection. The implied price collapse limits the amount of entry so that high prices are sustained in equilibrium, which results in above normal profits. The analysis suggests that rather than observing the canonical market collapse, markets with asymmetric information about product quality may instead be characterized by above normal profits even in markets with low measures of concentration and less entry than would be expected.
Dispersion compensation-free fiber laser mode-locked and stabilized by high-contrast saturable absorber mirror

We report here a compact diode-pumped fiber laser that represents a promising route to designing a portable and rugged picosecond light source. The laser presented in this paper is based on a high-contrast semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) and targets reliable picosecond-range sources. The cavity is simple since no dispersion compensators are used, and the SESAM-based mode locking mechanism is robust and self-starting, resulting in low-maintenance turn-key operation. We investigated pulse formation in a short-length fiber cavity and found that nonlinear effects in a near-resonant SESAM in combination with large-cavity dispersion provide the predominant mechanism that causes pulse shaping. The role of a resonant high-contrast SESAM in preventing low-frequency Q-switching instability has been elucidated. The effect of the recovery time of the SESAM on the stretched pulse width and spectrum for resonant-type absorber mirrors was also studied.
Coronary artery anomalies presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) is a rare presentation in patients with coronary artery anomalies. In these patients, the identification of the culprit lesion and its treatment may be difficult, particularly in the emergency setting of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). From January 2008 to April 2011, 1015 STEMI patients received coronary artery angiography and primary PCI in our centre. Of these, 5 (0.4%) patients showed a coronary artery anomaly. In this paper we reported two rare cases: i) the first is a single coronary artery originating from right sinus of Valsalva; ii) the second is a separate origin of 3 coronary arteries originating from the right sinus of Valsalva. In conclusion, coronary artery anomalies presenting with STEMI are really uncommon, but often are a challenge. The integration between traditional coronary artery angiography and multidetector computerized tomography is crucial to optimize the interventional and medical management of these patients.
Solution of the finite element vector Helmholtz equation by means of eigenvalue displacement

In this paper, after an examination of the spectrum of the system matrix of the discrete vector Helmholtz equation, a novel technique that makes edge finite element matrices more suitable for Lanczos-based solvers is introduced. This technique works by displacing the eigenvalues related to static modes to a more favorable part of the spectrum. The displacement is achieved by means of a matrix that is added to the system matrix.
Correlation of plasma catecholamine levels with hemodynamic changes in canine endotoxin shock.

In the following experiments we attempt to quantitate the range of plasma catecholamine levels during canine endotoxin shock and to clarify some of the mechanisms involved in the changes. Basic to these investigations was a sensitive and reliable method for recovering the amines in plasma, a need that had been reflected in other studies (1-4). The availability of such an assay permitted a series of comparative studies on normal anesthetized animals, on those given varying doses of endotoxin at different rates of administration, on dogs subjected to adrenalectomy and high cervical cord section and then given endotoxin, and on the effects of endotoxin on catecholamine levels in endotoxin-resistant dogs. It was observed that the plasma concentrations of epinephrine were related to the level of the systemic arterial blood pressure although other factors also appeared to affect the amounts. Changes in blood pressure were not correlated with variations in the plasma content of norepinephrine. Repeated challenge with large doses of endotoxin conferred resistance to its lethal action, but this effect was not associated with an alteration in the pattern of the plasma catecholamine response. After cervical cord section shock could be induced in the absence of detectable plasma catecholamine, and under these conditions shock was significantly accelerated.
Multilingual Dependency-based Syntactic and Semantic Parsing

Our CoNLL 2009 Shared Task system includes three cascaded components: syntactic parsing, predicate classification, and semantic role labeling. A pseudo-projective high-order graph-based model is used in our syntactic dependency parser. A support vector machine (SVM) model is used to classify predicate senses. Semantic role labeling is achieved using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model based semantic role classification and integer linear programming (ILP) based post inference. Finally, we win the first place in the joint task, including both the closed and open challenges.
Accelerating advanced mri reconstructions on gpus

Computational acceleration on graphics processing units (GPUs) can make advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reconstruction algorithms attractive in clinical settings, thereby improving the quality of MR images across a broad spectrum of applications. At present, MR imaging is often limited by high noise levels, significant imaging artifacts, and/or long data acquisition (scan) times. Advanced image reconstruction algorithms can mitigate these limitations and improve image quality by simultaneously operating on scan data acquired with arbitrary trajectories and incorporating additional information such as anatomical constraints. However, the improvements in image quality come at the expense of a considerable increase in computation. This paper describes the acceleration of an advanced reconstruction algorithm on NVIDIA's Quadro FX 5600. Optimizations such as register allocating the voxel data, tiling the scan data, and storing the scan data in the Quadro's constant memory dramatically reduce the reconstruction's required bandwidth to on-chip memory. The Quadro's special functional units provide substantial acceleration of the trigonometric computations in the algorithm's inner loops, and experimentally-tuned code transformations increase the reconstruction's performance by an additional 20%. The reconstruction of a 3D image with 128^3 voxels ultimately achieves 150 GFLOPS and requires less than two minutes on the Quadro, while reconstruction on a quad-core CPU is thirteen times slower. Furthermore, relative to the true image, the error exhibited by the advanced reconstruction is only 12%, while conventional reconstruction techniques incur error of 42%. In short, the acceleration afforded by the GPU greatly increases the appeal of the advanced reconstruction for clinical MRI applications.
Emerging agents to combat complicated and resistant infections: focus on ceftobiprole

Antimicrobial resistance is a global concern. Over the past few years, considerable efforts and resources have been expended to detect, monitor, and understand at the basic level the many different facets of emerging and increasing resistance. Development of new antimicrobial agents has been matched by the development of new mechanisms of resistance by bacteria. Current antibiotics act at a variety of sites within the target bacteria, including the cross-linking enzymes in the cell wall, various ribosomal enzymes, nucleic acid polymerases, and folate synthesis. Ceftobiprole is a novel parenteral cephalosporin with high affinity for most penicillin-binding proteins, including the mecA product penicillin-binding protein 2a, rendering it active against methicillin-resistant staphylococci. Its in vitro activity against staphylococci and multiresistant pneumococci, combined with its Gram-negative spectrum comparable to that of other extended-spectrum cephalosporins, its stability against a wide range of beta-lactamases, and its pharmacokinetic and safety profiles make ceftobiprole an attractive and well tolerated new antimicrobial agent. The US Food and Drug Administration granted ceftobiprole medocaril fast-track status in 2003 for the treatment of complicated skin infections and skin structure infections due to methicillin-resistant staphylococci, and subsequently extended this to treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia, including ventilator-associated pneumonia due to suspected or proven methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
High-resolution Manometry in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Before and After Fundoplication

Background/Aims The study aimed to determine pre- and post-fundoplication esophagogastric junction (EGJ) pressure and esophageal peristalsis by high-resolution manometry (HRM) in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Methods Pre-operative and post-operative HRM data from 25 patients with GERD were analyzed using ManoView version 2.0. 1. with updated software for Chicago classification and pressure topography. The study involved swallowing water boluses of 10 mL in the upright position. Results Significant increase of mean basal EGJ pressure and minimal basal EGJ pressure was found in post-operative as compared with preoperative patients (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). Integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) reached higher values in post-operative patients than in pre-operative patients (P < 0.001). Intra-bolus pressure (IBP) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) and contractile front velocity (CFV) was slower (P < 0.01) in post-operative patients than in pre-operative patients. Moreover significant increase of distal contractile integral (DCI) was found in post-operative patients (P < 0.05). Hiatal hernia was detected by HRM in 11 pre-operative patients. Fifteen out of 25 post-operative patients complained of dysphagia. Conclusions Fundoplication restores the antireflux barrier by reinforcing EGJ basal pressures, repairing hiatal hernias, and enhances peristaltic function of the esophagus by increasing DCI. However slight IRP elevation found in post-fundoplication patients may result in bolus pressurization and motility disorders.
Energy Neutral Routing for energy harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks

In recent years, energy harvesting techniques have made it possible to overcome the energy resource limitation suffered by traditional Wireless Sensor Networks. In particular, it is now possible for the network to operate perpetually if sufficient energy is harvested to replenish the energy that is being consumed. Hence the need to prolong network lifetime is no longer the primary objective for the design of network routing protocols. Instead, the aim now is to maintain the network in a Energy Neutral state under which a certain performance level can be maintained perpetually. In this paper we propose a routing protocol, which we refer to as the Energy Neutral Routing (ENR) Protocol, that is able to achieve this objective. ENR also provides fair distribution of traffic loads and it is able to guarantee a linear bound on the total number of communication control messages exchanged, which in turn improves the overall distinct packet delivery ratio. Empirical studies are carried out to evaluate and compare the performance of ENR against other routing protocols.
NICE guidelines for the management of depression

Are clear for severe depression, but uncertain for mild or moderate depression G uidelines from the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) focus on clinical conditions that have a substantial impact on public health and aim to improve standards of care and reduce variations in provision. Depression is a common condition, contributing 12% of the total burden of nonfatal global disease.1 Variations in its treatment within the NHS are striking and perplexing.2 3 We welcome these guidelines and recent advice from the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) concerning the prescription of antidepressants.4 5 The methods underpinning the guidelines were rigorous and produced a definitive summary of current evidence. However, the uncertainty of many recommendations is disappointing. The guidelines advocate a stepped care approach, but the weakness of evidence supporting structured interventions for mild to moderate depression limits the value of recommendations referring to initial steps. The review of the evidence highlights associations between the severity of depression and response to antidepressant …
Minor cognitive disturbances in X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, Kennedy's disease

Abstract Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), Kennedy's disease, is an adult-onset hereditary neurodegenerative disorder, associated predominantly with a lower motor neuron syndrome and eventually endocrine and sensory disturbances. In contrast to other motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the impairment of cognition in SBMA is not well documented. We conducted a systematic cross-sectional neuropsychological study in order to investigate cognition in SBMA patients more thoroughly. We investigated 20 genetically proven SBMA patients compared to 20 age- and education-matched control subjects using a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery, measuring executive functioning, attention, memory and visuospatial abilities. The SBMA patients performed significantly worse than healthy controls in three sub-tests in the executive and attention domains. This low performance was in the working memory (digit span backward task), verbal fluency category (single letter fluency task) and memory storage capacity (digit span forward task). No disturbances were detected in other cognitive domains. The impairments were subclinical and not relevant to the patients’ everyday functioning. In addition, no correlations were found between cognitive scores and the CAG repeat length. In conclusion, we found minor cognitive disturbances in patients with SBMA, which could indicate subtle frontal lobe dysfunction. These findings extend our neurobiological understanding of SBMA.
Computational Inference Beyond Kingman's Coalescent

Full likelihood inference under Kingman's coalescent is a computationally challenging problem to which importance sampling (IS) and the product of approximate conditionals (PAC) method have been applied successfully. Both methods can be expressed in terms of families of intractable conditional sampling distributions (CSDs), and rely on principled approximations for accurate inference. Recently, more general $\Lambda$- and $\Xi$-coalescents have been observed to provide better modelling fits to some genetic data sets. We derive families of approximate CSDs for finite sites $\Lambda$- and $\Xi$-coalescents, and use them to obtain "approximately optimal" IS and PAC algorithms for $\Lambda$-coalescents, yielding substantial gains in efficiency over existing methods.
Peritoneal Release of TNFα and IL-6 After Elective Colorectal Surgery and Anastomotic Leakage

The evaluation of postoperative peritoneal drainage fluid tumor necrosis factor (TNF) f and interleukin (IL)-6 was studied prospectively over a 7-day period in 25 patients operated on for neoplastic colorectal diseases. In 22 cases, colon or rectum carcinoma was the reason for surgery, and in 3 patients resection was performed because of colonic adenoma. All patients received either an end-to-end colo-colonic or colorectal anastomosis. Of this group, 22 patients were free of complications defined as uneventful postoperative course without any signs of anastomotic leakage until the 14th postoperative day. All of these patients showed a significant rise in peritoneal TNF f with maximum on the 7th day during the study period ( p < .05). In contrast, peritoneal IL-6 levels remained constant without significant change in time ( p > .05). Three patients underwent relaparotomy because of anastomotic leakage. In these patients, peritoneal TNF f concentrations showed a rise until the day of operative confirmation of anastomotic leakage. This rise preceded the day of operative confirmation by at least 1 day but did not change significantly in time ( p = .59). Peritoneal IL-6 concentrations in patients with anastomotic leakage remained constant and also did not change significantly in time ( p = .21). After elective colorectal surgery, neither postoperative abdominal drainage fluid TNF f nor IL-6 monitoring is helpful to decide on the need for revision in patients with anastomotic leakage.
Compressed bloom filters

A Bloom filter is a simple space-efficient randomized data structure for representing a set in order to support membership queries. Although Bloom filters allow false positives, for many applications the space savings outweigh this draw-back when the probability of an error is sufficiently low. We introduce compressed Bloom filters, which improve performance when the Bloom filter is passed as a message, and its transmission size is a limiting factor. For example, Bloom filters have been suggested as a means for sharing Web cache information. In this setting, proxies do not share the exact contents of their caches, but instead periodically broadcast Bloom filters representing their cache. By using compressed Bloom filters, proxies can reduce the number of bits broadcast, the false positive rate, and/or the amount of computation per lookup. The cost is the processing time for compression and decompression, which can use simple arithmetic coding, and more memory use at the proxies, which utilize the larger uncompressed form of the Bloom filter.
A desktop virtual environment trainer provides superior retention of a spatial assembly skill

We compared the efficacy of a simple virtual environment (VE) training system with two media more commonly used to train people: paper and video tutorials. Participants learned how to solve a spatial puzzle in one of the three training media. People who trained with the VE spent more time training, however they performed significantly better than people in the other groups a week later.
Analysis of Bone-implant Interfacial Stress during Disocclusion in Complete Implant-supported Prosthesis: A Finite Element Study

Aim: Little is known about the biomechanical behavior of disocclusion patterns in implantsupported prostheses. Thus, the aim of the present study was to analyze the stresses generated at bone-implant interface during different patterns of disocclusion in an implant-supported lower complete denture without free distal ends using the three-dimensional (3-D) finite element method. Original Research Article Greco et al.; BJMMR, 21(8): 1-10, 2017; Article no.BJMMR. 33607 2 Study Design: Finite element method. Methods: A 3-D model of a complete denture supported by five inter-foraminal implants and two distal was developed (CAE software Abaqus). A canine guide disocclusion (CG) was simulated applying a nodal load of 15 N at an angle of 45° on the canine tooth prosthesis, while to a bilateral balanced occlusion (BBO) a similar load pattern was applied at four distinct points, bilaterally. Linear elastic static analysis was used to compare the magnitude of maximum and minimum principal stresses at bone-implant interface for each simulation. Results: The disocclusion pattern generated during CG exhibited a greater stress concentration at the bone-implant interface of the distal implant on the working side. BBO showed a more homogeneous stress distribution pattern at the bone-implant interface of the two distal implants. Anterior implants showed lower stress concentration. Conclusions: Bilateral balanced occlusion (BBO) resulted in a more favorable stress distribution in this complete implant-supported prosthesis model.
Continuity of volumes on arithmetic varieties

We introduce the volume function for C∞-hermitian invertible sheaves on an arithmetic variety as an analogue of the geometric volume function. The main result of this paper is the continuity of the arithmetic volume function. As a consequence, we have the arithmetic Hilbert-Samuel formula for a nef C∞-hermitian invertible sheaf. We also give another applications, for example, a generalized Hodge index theorem, an arithmetic Bogomolov-Gieseker’s inequality, etc. INTRODUCTION Let X be a d-dimensional projective arithmetic variety and Pic(X) the group of isomorphism classes of C∞-hermitian invertible sheaves onX . For L ∈ Pic(X), the volume vol(L) of L is defined by vol(L) = lim sup m→∞ log#{s ∈ H(X,mL) | ∥s∥sup ≤ 1} md/d! For example, if L is ample, then vol(L) = deg(ĉ(L)·d) (cf. Lemma 3.1). This is an arithmetic analogue of the volume function for invertible sheaves on a projective variety over a field. The geometric volume function plays a crucial role for the birational geometry via big invertible sheaves. In this sense, to introduce the arithmetic analogue of it is very significant. The first important property of the volume function is the characterization of a big C∞hermitian invertible sheaf by the positivity of its volume (cf. Theorem 4.5). The second one is the homogeneity of the volume function, namely, vol(nL) = nvol(L) for all nonnegative integers n (cf. Proposition 4.7). By this property, it can be extended to Pic(X)⊗ Q. From viewpoint of arithmetic analogue, the most important and fundamental question is the continuity of vol : Pic(X)⊗Q → R, that is, the validity of the formula: lim e1,. ,en∈Q e1→0,. ,en→0 vol(L+ e1A1 + · · ·+ enAn) = vol(L) for any L,A1, . , An ∈ Pic(X) ⊗ Q. The main purpose of this paper is to give an affirmative answer for the above question (cf. Theorem 5.4). As a consequence, we have the following arithmetic Hilbert-Samuel formula for a nef C∞-hermitian invertible sheaf: Date: 5/January/2007, 17:30(JP), (Version 2.0). 1991Mathematics Subject Classification. 14G40, 11G50. 1