Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efforts to Overcome Burnout in Pastoral Counseling

Burnout is a condition that is experienced by pastoral counselors which causes the loss of motivation, ideas, and goals; followed by physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion. Burnout can cause the loss of interest and motivation of pastoral counselors. The purpose of this article was to elaborate the efforts to overcome burnout in pastoral counseling.The author examined the concepts, dimensions, and factors that contribute to burnout. Previous researches about burnout were also reviewed. Based on this review, the author elaborates some coping strategies that can help pastoral counselors to overcome burnout in doing
The waiting period of initial public offerings

Abstract The length of time it takes an IPO firm to go public (called ‘waiting period’) reflects multiple layers of scrutiny from underwriters, auditors, venture capitalists, institutional investors, and regulators. Accordingly, we show that the waiting period is a good barometer of ex ante uncertainty about future cash flows and that it has predictive power after the firm goes public. We find that firms marked by short waiting periods experience lower underpricing and less uncertainty and superior stock/operating performance in the aftermarket. We also report that smaller firms are taking longer to go public after SOX Act, thus providing justification for the 2012 JOBS Act.
The Spatial Distribution of Coalescing Neutron Star Binaries

ABSTRA C T We find the distribution of coalescence times, birth rates, spatial velocities, and subsequent radial offsets of coalescing neutron stars (NSs) in various galactic potentials accounting for large asymmetric kicks introduced during a supernova. The birth rates of bound NS‐NS binaries are quite sensitive to the magnitude of the kick velocities but are, nevertheless, similar (,10 per galaxy per Myr) to previous population synthesis studies. The distribution of merger times since zero-age main sequence is, however, relatively insensitive to the choice of kick velocities. With a median merger time of ,10 8 yr, we find that compact binaries should closely trace the star formation rate in the Universe. In a range of plausible galactic potentials (with Mgalaxy * 3 · 10 10 M() the median radial offset of a NS‐NS merger is less than 10 kpc. At a redshift of z a 1 (with H0 a 65 km s ˇ1 Mpc ˇ1 and Q a 0:2), this means that half the coalescences should occur within ,1:3 arcsec from the host galaxy. In all but the most shallow potentials, 90 per cent of NS‐NS binaries merge within 30 kpc of the host. We find that although the spatial distribution of coalescing neutron star binaries is consistent with the close spatial association of known optical afterglows of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with faint galaxies, a non-negligible fraction (,15 per cent) of GRBs should occur well outside (*30 kpc) dwarf galaxy hosts. Extinction owing to dust in the host, projection of offsets, and a range in interstellar medium densities confound the true distribution of NS‐NS mergers around galaxies with an observable set of optical transients/galaxy offsets.
Modeling Intra-Cluster Gas in Triaxial Dark Halos

We present the first physical model for the non-spherical intra-cluster gas distribution in hydrostatic equilibrium under the gravity of triaxial dark matter halos. Adopting the concentric triaxial density profiles of the dark halos with constant axis ratios proposed by Jing & Suto (2002), we derive an analytical expression for the triaxial halo potential on the basis of the perturbation theory, and find the hydrostatic solutions for the gas density and temperature profiles both in isothermal and polytropic equations of state. The resulting iso-potential surfaces are well approximated by triaxial ellipsoids with the eccentricities dependent on the radial distance. We also find a formula for the eccentricity ratio between the intra-cluster gas and the underlying dark halo. Our results allow one to determine the shapes of the underlying dark halos from the observed intra-cluster gas through the X-ray and/or the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects clusters.
2. Morphology and Alteration of the Upper Oceanic Crust from In-situ Electrical Experiments in Dsdp/odp Hole 504b

During ODP Leg 111, the drillship JOIDES Resolution returned to DSDP Hole 504B, on the south flank of the Costa Rica Rift. The main objective of Leg 111 was the study of the physical and chemical structure of young oceanic crust in the deepest hole yet drilled into the oceanic crust. In addition to the drilling of an additional 212.3 m into the massive units of Layer 2C, Leg 111 provided the opportunity to conduct an extensive suite of in-situ experiments, in­ cluding the recording of a continuous electrical resistivity profile, from which total and fracture porosity estimates were computed. This allowed us to discriminate the large-scale layers of the crust, to isolate individual lithologic units (such as pillows and massive flows), and to describe the overall morphology of the upper crust. In the extrusive part of the crust, certain massive flows (> 10 m thick) appear to be permeability barriers that subse­ quently constrain fluid circulation. We interpret the flows of Unit 2D as the upper limit of an underpressured aquifer located within Layer 2A and Unit 27 as the boundary between low-temperature, seawater alteration facies of basalt and higher temperature alteration phases. This relationship between morphology and hydrological regime, and therefore al­ teration of the basaltic basement, might be viewed as related to the accretion process of the upper oceanic crust. The presence of fractures can be attributed in most cases to thermal stresses from the cooling of a nearby unit or to tectonic features such as the inferred listric fault at about 4300 m below rig floor (825 m below seafloor). The porosity estimate obtained from the analysis of in-situ measurements is (1) reduced in accounting for clay conduction via cation exchange mechanisms, (2) constant over long sections of the drill hole, and (3) observed to decrease by steps with increasing depth. The extremely low values of porosity computed in the dikes indicate a slow regime of hydrothermal circulation deep into the crust and correlate with the low values of in-situ permeability deduced from packer experiments.
Graphical Perception and Graphical Methods for Analyzing Scientific Data

Graphical perception is the visual decoding of the quantitative and qualitative information encoded on graphs. Recent investigations have uncovered basic principles of human graphical perception that have important implications for the display of data. The computer graphics revolution has stimulated the invention of many graphical methods for analyzing and presenting scientific data, such as box plots, two-tiered error bars, scatterplot smoothing, dot charts, and graphing on a log base 2 scale.
Duloxetine in the treatment of elderly people with major depressive disorder.

INTRODUCTION The elderly population is more frequently subjected to depressive mood compared to the general population and show peculiarities affecting responsiveness; furthermore, aged people need also special care. Duloxetine is a relatively new antidepressant that proved to be effective in adult depression, but has received little attention in elderly population heretofore. AIM To review the evidence of duloxetine in late-life major depressive disorder (MDD). METHOD A systematic review of studies focusing on the use of duloxetine in MDD in the elderly has been carried out through the principal specialized databases, including PubMed, PsycLIT, and Embase. RESULTS Only a handful of papers were specifically dedicated to this issue. Duloxetine was found to be effective and safe in old-age MDD, to be better than placebo on many clinical measures in all studies, and to better differentiate from placebo with respect to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Compared to placebo, its side-effect profile is slightly unfavorable and its drop-out rate is slightly higher. Furthermore, when pain is present in old-age MDD, duloxetine is able to reduce it. CONCLUSIONS The efficacy and safety of duloxetine in old-age depression are similar to those encountered in adult MDD. There is a relative lack of comparative studies other than with placebo. The special needs of elderly patients with MDD must be addressed with close patient contact to avoid the perils of inappropriate dosing.
Topographical Scattering of Waves: a Spectral Approach

The topographical scattering of gravity waves is investigated using a spectral energy balance equation that accounts for first-order wave-bottom Bragg scattering. This model represents the bottom topography and surface waves with spectra, and evaluates a Bragg scattering source term that is theoretically valid for small bottom and surface slopes and slowly varying spectral properties. The robustness of the model is tested for a variety of topographies uniform along one horizontal dimension including nearly sinusoidal, linear ramp, and step profiles. Results are compared with reflections computed using an accurate method that applies integral matching along vertical boundaries of a series of steps. For small bottom amplitudes, the source term representation yields accurate reflection estimates even for a localized scatterer. This result is proved for small bottom amplitudes h relative to the mean water depth H. Wave reflection by small amplitude bottom topography thus depends primarily on the bottom elevation variance at the Bragg resonance scales, and is insensitive to the detailed shape of the bottom profile. Relative errors in the energy reflection coefficient are found to be typically 2h/H.
Why Do Institutional Investors Chase Return Trends?

We propose and test a simple explanation for institutional investors’ tendency to chase return trends. When investors face uncertainty about the precision of their private information, they wait for subsequent confirming news before establishing stock positions. While such news impact the stock price, at the same time they increase investors’ estimates of the precision of their information. With low information quality the latter effect dominates and causes investors to purchase the stock after confirming good news. We formalize these ideas in a simple model and test the model’s predictions on mutual funds’ stock holdings data. Using mutual funds’ past return experiences with individual stocks as a proxy for their stock-specific information quality, we find evidence for the prediction that trend chasing is more likely when information quality is low.
Global Mass Spectrometry Based Metabolomics Profiling of Erythrocytes Infected with Plasmodium falciparum

Malaria is a global infectious disease that threatens the lives of millions of people. Transcriptomics, proteomics and functional genomics studies, as well as sequencing of the Plasmodium falciparum and Homo sapiens genomes, have shed new light on this host-parasite relationship. Recent advances in accurate mass measurement mass spectrometry, sophisticated data analysis software, and availability of biological pathway databases, have converged to facilitate our global, untargeted biochemical profiling study of in vitro P. falciparum-infected (IRBC) and uninfected (NRBC) erythrocytes. In order to expand the number of detectable metabolites, several key analytical steps in our workflows were optimized. Untargeted and targeted data mining resulted in detection of over one thousand features or chemical entities. Untargeted features were annotated via matching to the METLIN metabolite database. For targeted data mining, we queried the data using a compound database derived from a metabolic reconstruction of the P. falciparum genome. In total, over one hundred and fifty differential annotated metabolites were observed. To corroborate the representation of known biochemical pathways from our data, an inferential pathway analysis strategy was used to map annotated metabolites onto the BioCyc pathway collection. This hypothesis-generating approach resulted in over-representation of many metabolites onto several IRBC pathways, most prominently glycolysis. In addition, components of the “branched” TCA cycle, partial urea cycle, and nucleotide, amino acid, chorismate, sphingolipid and fatty acid metabolism were found to be altered in IRBCs. Interestingly, we detected and confirmed elevated levels for cyclic ADP ribose and phosphoribosyl AMP in IRBCs, a novel observation. These metabolites may play a role in regulating the release of intracellular Ca2+ during P. falciparum infection. Our results support a strategy of global metabolite profiling by untargeted data acquisition. Untargeted and targeted data mining workflows, when used together to perform pathway-inferred metabolomics, have the benefit of obviating MS/MS confirmation for every detected compound.
Investigation of the Material Basis Underlying the Correlation between Presbycusis and Kidney Deficiency in Traditional Chinese Medicine via GC/MS Metabolomics

Objective. To investigate the correlation between presbycusis and kidney deficiency as defined by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its material basis from the perspective of metabolism. Methods. Pure-tone audiometry was used to test auditory function. A kidney deficiency symptom scoring table was used to measure the kidney deficiency accumulated scores of the research subjects. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to measure the metabolites in the urine samples from 11 presbycusis patients and 9 elderly people with normal hearing. Results. Hearing loss in the elderly was positively correlated with kidney deficiency score in TCM. There were significant differences in urine metabolite profile between the presbycusis patients and the controls. A total of 23 differentially expressed metabolites were found. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that these metabolites were related to glutathione metabolism, amino acid metabolism, glucose metabolism, the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor pathway, and the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor pathway. Conclusion. Glutathione metabolism, amino acid metabolism, glucose metabolism, NMDA receptors, and GABA receptors may be related to the pathogenesis of presbycusis and may be the material basis underlying the correlation between presbycusis and kidney deficiency in TCM.
Robust H2 and H∞ filters for uncertain LFT systems

In this note, robust H/sub 2/ and H/sub /spl infin// filter design problems are considered. The uncertainties, unstructured or structured, are norm bounded and represented by linear fractional transformation (LFT). The main result is that after upper-bounding the objectives, the problems of minimizing the upper bounds are converted to finite dimensional convex optimization problems involving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). These are extensions of well-known results for systems with polytopic uncertainty. It is shown that for the unstructured, norm bounded uncertainty case, the upper bounds are directly minimized (without further overbounding), yielding less conservative results than previously available. An elementary numerical example is given to illustrate the results.
Epidemiology and Population Structure of Serotypes 1, 5 and 7F Carried by Children in Portugal from 1996-2010 before Introduction of the 10-Valent and 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines

Among the over 90 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae described, serotypes 1, 5, and 7F account for a significant proportion of invasive disease worldwide and are now covered by the most recent 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). The epidemiology of these serotypes in carriage remains poorly studied because they are rarely detected. We aimed to gain insights into the epidemiology and population structure of serotypes 1, 5 and 7F carried by children in Portugal before PCV10 and PCV13 became widely used. Isolates obtained in cross-sectional studies carried out over a 15-year period (1996–2010) were retrospectively pooled and characterized. Of 5,123 pneumococci obtained, 70 were associated with serotypes 1 (n = 21), 5 (n = 7), and 7F (n = 42). The highest prevalence detected was 3.3% for serotype 1 in 2006, 1% for serotype 5 in 2009, and 3.3% for serotype 7F in 2006; Serotype 1 was associated with PMEN international clones Sweden1-28(ST306) and Sweden1-40(ST304); serotype 5 was associated with Colombia5-19(ST289); and serotype 7F was associated with Netherlands7F-39(ST191). All these isolates were fully susceptible. Most carriers of serotypes 1 (86%), 5 (86%), and 7F (91%) were older than two years but a significant association with older age was only observed for serotype 7F (p = 0.006). Evidence for cross-transmission was obtained. In conclusion, we were able to detect and characterize the rarely carried serotypes 1, 5, and 7F among healthy children in Portugal. These data will constitute an important baseline for upcoming surveillance studies aimed to establish the impact of novel PCVs targeting these serotypes in carriage.
Market Potential and Challenges for the Malaysian Palm Oil Industry in Facing Competition from Other Vegetable Oils

There are more than 17 major oils and fats produced and traded in the world. In 2003, 44.69 million tonnes of oils and fats entered into world trade. Palm oil with exports of 21.68 million tonnes accounted for 48.9% or the largest share, ahead of soyabean oil with 9.64 million tonnes (21.6%). Trade in the other oils and fats totalled 9.5 million tonnes and accounted for 29.5%. Palm oil production contributed to 22% of the world’s oils and fats production. It was the second largest contributor to the world supply of oils and fats. Malaysia is the world’s largest producer and exporter of palm oil, where in 1980 production started with 2.5 million tonnes, or 53.6% ABSTRACT
Life Events and Psychosis: A Review and Meta-analysis

Introduction:Recent models of psychosis implicate stressful events in its etiology. However, while evidence has accumulated for childhood trauma, the role of adult life events has received less attention. Therefore, a review of the existing literature on the relationship between life events and onset of psychotic disorder/experiences is timely. Methods: A search was conducted using PsychInfo, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science to identify studies of life events and the onset of psychosis or psychotic experiences within the general population. Given previous methodological concerns, this review included a novel quality assessment tool and focused on findings from the most robust studies. A meta-analysis was performed on a subgroup of 13 studies. Results: Sixteen studies published between 1968 and 2012 were included. Of these, 14 reported positive associations between exposure to adult life events and subsequent onset of psychotic disorder/experiences. The meta-analysis yielded an overall weighted OR of 3.19 (95% CI 2.15–4.75). However, many studies were limited by small sample sizes and the use of checklist measures of life events, with no consideration of contextual influences on the meaning and interpretation of events. Conclusions: Few studies have assessed the role of adult life events in the onset of psychosis. There was some evidence that reported exposure to adult life events was associated with increased risk of psychotic disorder and subclinical psychotic experiences. However, the methodological quality of the majority of studies was low, which urges caution in interpreting the results and points toward a need for more methodologically robust studies.
On the White Dwarf Cooling Sequence of the Globular Cluster ω Centauri

We present deep and precise photometry (F435W, F625W, F658N) of ω Cen collected with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). We have identified ≈6500 white dwarf (WD) candidates, and the ratio of WD to main-sequence (MS) star counts is found to be at least a factor of 2 larger than the ratio of CO-core WD cooling to MS lifetimes. This discrepancy is not explained by the possible occurrence of a He-enhanced stellar population, since the MS lifetime changes by only 15% when changing from a canonical (Y = 0.25) to a He-enhanced composition (Y = 0.42). The presence of some He-core WDs seems able to explain the observed star counts. The fraction of He WDs required ranges from 10% to 80% depending on their mean mass, and it is at least 5 times larger than for field WDs. The comparison in the color-magnitude diagram between theory and observations also supports the presence of He WDs. Empirical evidence indicates that He WDs have been detected in stellar systems hosting a large sample of extreme horizontal branch stars, thus suggesting that a fraction of red giants might avoid the He-core flash.
The Arab-Israeli Conflict

One of the first United Nations mediators called the Middle East “the sort of problem for which no really satisfactory solution is possible. ” Indeed, for seven decades, the “situation in the Middle East,” particularly the “Palestinian question,” to use its own terminology for the interlocking issues related to the Arab-Israeli conflict, has presented the Security Council with one of the most vexing problems on its agenda: “No issue has been on the agenda of the Council as long as that of the Middle East; nor has any issue generated as many resolutions [. ] or as many vetoes. ” […]In this chapter, the Security Council’s involvement in and on the Middle East is explored in more detail. The picture that emerges is profoundly mixed: While the Council has addressed acute crises and ensured a degree of stability through the instruments at its disposal, it has all too often been unable to play a leading, decisive or norm-setting role. Divisions within the Council, particularly between the United States and the rest of the Council, have run deep. All too often, the Security Council has remained mired in discussions over issues that, albeit important, are but facets of the bigger conflict, rendering it less and less likely (or possible) that the Council could contribute decisively to settling the Arab-Israeli conflict.