Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discourse Segmentation by Human and Automated Means

The need to model the relation between discourse structure and linguistic features of utterances is almost universally acknowledged in the literature on discourse. However, there is only weak consensus on what the units of discourse structure are, or the criteria for recognizing and generating them. We present quantitative results of a two-part study using a corpus of spontaneous, narrative monologues. The first part of our paper presents a method for empirically validating multitutterance units referred to as discourse segments. We report highly significant results of segmentations performed by naive subjects, where a commonsense notion of speaker intention is the segmentation criterion. In the second part of our study, data abstracted from the subjects' segmentations serve as a target for evaluating two sets of algorithms that use utterance features to perform segmentation. On the first algorithm set, we evaluate and compare the correlation of discourse segmentation with three types of linguistic cues (referential noun phrases, cue words, and pauses). We then develop a second set using two methods: error analysis and machine learning. Testing the new algorithms on a new data set shows that when multiple sources of linguistic knowledge are used concurrently, algorithm performance improves.
Platelet-Rich Plasma versus Corticosteroid Injection for Recalcitrant Lateral Epicondylitis: Clinical and Ultrasonographic Evaluation

To the Editor: We read with interest the article by Gautam et al.1 We suggest that gravitational force (G) rather than revolutions per minute (RPM) is better for describing the relative centrifugal force (RCF). The rotor, regardless of its size, revolves at a rate known as an angular velocity. The force exerted on the contents varies depending on the diameter of the centrifuge: RCF or G = 1.12 x radius of rotation in mm x (RPM/1000)2
Managing Emergency Situations in the Smart City: The Smart Signal

In a city there are numerous items, many of them unnoticed but essential; this is the case of the signals. Signals are considered objects with reduced technological interest, but in this paper we prove that making them smart and integrating in the IoT (Internet of Things) could be a relevant contribution to the Smart City. This paper presents the concept of Smart Signal, as a device conscious of its context, with communication skills, able to offer the best message to the user, and as a ubiquitous element that contributes with information to the city. We present the design considerations and a real implementation and validation of the system in one of the most challenging environments that may exist in a city: a tunnel. The main advantages of the Smart Signal are the improvement of the actual functionality of the signal providing new interaction capabilities with users and a new sensory mechanism of the Smart City.
Effect of alveolar recruitment maneuver in early acute respiratory distress syndrome according to antiderecruitment strategy, etiological category of diffuse lung injury, and body position of the patient*

ObjectiveTo assess how the level of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) (antiderecruitment strategy), etiological category of diffuse lung injury, and body position of the patient modify the effect of the alveolar recruitment maneuver (ARM) in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). DesignProspective clinical trial. SettingMedical intensive care unit at a tertiary hospital. PatientsForty-seven patients with early ARDS, including 19 patients from our preliminary study. InterventionFrom baseline ventilation at a tidal volume of 8 mL/kg and PEEP of 10 cm H2O, the ARM (a stepwise increase in the level of PEEP up to 30 cm H2O with a concomitant decrease in the magnitude of tidal volume down to 2 mL/kg) was given with (ARM + PEEP, n = 20) or without (ARM only, n = 19) subsequent increase of PEEP to 15 cm H2O. In eight other patients, PEEP was increased to 15 cm H2O without a preceding ARM (PEEP only). Measurements and ResultsIn all three groups, Pao2 was increased by the respective intervention (all p < .05). In the ARM-only group, Pao2 at 15 mins after intervention was lower than Pao2 immediate after intervention (p = .046). In the ARM + PEEP group, no such decrease in Pao2 was observed, and Pao2 at 15, 30, 45, and 60 mins after intervention was higher than in the ARM-only group (all p < .05). Compared with the PEEP-only group, Pao2 of the ARM + PEEP group was higher immediately after intervention and at the later time points (all p < .05). Compared with patients with ARDS associated with direct lung injury (pulmonary ARDS), patients with ARDS associated with indirect lung injury (extrapulmonary ARDS) showed a greater increase in Pao2 (27 ± 21% vs. 130 ± 112%;p = .002) and a greater decrease in radiologic scores (1.0 ± 2.4 vs. 3.4 ± 1.5;p = .005) after the ARM. The increase in Pao2 induced by the ARM was greater for patients in the supine position than for patients in the prone position (61 ± 82% vs. 21 ± 14%;p = .028). Consequently, Pao2 immediately after the ARM was similar in the two groups of patients in different positions. ConclusionsAfter the ARM, a sufficient level of PEEP is required as an antiderecruitment strategy. Pulmonary ARDS and extrapulmonary ARDS may be different pathophysiologic entities. An effective ARM may obviate the need for the prone position in ARDS at least in terms of oxygenation.
Predictive factors for QTc prolongation in schizophrenic patients taking antipsychotics.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The rate-corrected electrocardiographic QT (QTc) interval may significantly increase in schizophrenic patients taking antipsychotics. QTc prolongation is a risk factor for development of arrhythmia. The objective of this study was to assess the predictors of QTc prolongation in schizophrenic patients taking antipsychotic medication. METHODS Electrocardiograms were obtained from 138 controls and 412 schizophrenic inpatients taking antipsychotics. QTc prolongation was defined as a mean value of 2 standard deviations above the controls. Predictors were analyzed with a logistic regression model. RESULTS Based on data obtained from controls, QTc prolongation was defined as a QTc greater than 421 ms. Logistic regression analysis showed that significant predictors for QTc prolongation were: female gender (odds ratio, 3.355 [95% CI, 1.767-6.371]); increased age (1.040 [1.011-1.069]); and increased doses of some antipsychotics, including clozapine (1.006 [1.003-1.008]), chlorpromazine (1.003 [1.002-1.005]), thioridazine (1.007 [1.003-1.011]), and sulpiride (1.001 [1.001-1.002]). CONCLUSIONS Predictors of the QTc prolongation in schizophrenic patients taking antipsychotic medications were female gender, old age, and treatment with clozapine, chlorpromazine, thiroridazine, or sulpiride.
Writing Tremor After Discrete Cortical Infarction

Hand tremor is a rare manifestation of stroke, and writing tremor has not been reported to be produced by stroke. We describe a patient who developed a unilateral hand tremor mimicking primary writing tremor after discrete cerebral cortical infarction. Case Description A 67-year-old man developed mild right hemiparesis. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a discrete cortical infarct in the left frontal area. After recovery of motor power, the patient showed significant right hand tremor exclusively during writing or similar motor activities including tooth brushing or shaving. The tremor was temporarity alleviated by clonazepam but persisted until 7 months of follow-up. Medical history suggested that the patient had mild essential tremor, but he did not experience tremor on writing before the onset of stroke. Conclusions This observation suggests that unilateral hand tremor mimicking primary writing tremor may be produced by cortical infarction. It remains unclear whether the patient's previous essential tremor played an additional role in the development of this symptom.
TST-MUSIC for joint DOA-delay estimation

A multiple signal classification (MUSIC)-based approach known as the time-space-time MUSIC (TST-MUSIC) is proposed to jointly estimate the directions of arrival (DOAs) and the propagation delays of a wireless multiray channel. The MUSIC algorithm for the DOA estimation is referred to as the spatial-MUSIC (S-MUSIC) algorithm. On the other hand, the temporal-MUSIC (T-MUSIC), which estimates the propagation delays, is introduced as well. Making use of the space-time characteristics of the multiray channel, the proposed algorithm-in a tree structure-combines the techniques of temporal filtering and of spatial beamforming with three one-dimensional (1-D) MUSIC algorithms, i.e., one S-MUSIC and two T-MUSIC algorithms. The incoming rays are thus grouped, isolated, and estimated. At the same time, the pairing of the estimated DOAs and delays is automatically determined. Furthermore, the proposed approach can resolve the incoming rays with very close DOAs or delays, and the number of antennas required by the TST-MUSIC algorithm can be made less than that of the incoming rays.
HSP47 as a Possible Molecular Chaperone for the Collagen Synthesis in the Mouse Periodontal Ligament Cells due to Orthodontic Force

Orthodontic mechanical stress induces various molecules, which cause structural changes in the proteins in periodontal tissue. The expression kinetics of HSP47 in mouse periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue after application of corrective mechanical stress and HSP47 expression during the PDL recovery were observed. Our examination data are as follows: HSP47 is constitutively expressed in the PDL and defends cells from different types of stress and maintains homeostasis under normal conditions. HSP47 is expressed in PDL fibroblasts on the pressure side damaged by application of mechanical stress and contributes to the repair of collagen tissue by activating PDL fibroblasts, supporting recovery from cell damage. These data suggests that, during bone addition to the PDL on the tension side, HSP47 also acts as molecular chaperone, which assists the maturation of bone morphogenetic proteins and aids osteoblast activation. On the other hand, it is possible that, when a mechanical stress is applied to the periodontal membrane on the tension side for a time too short for bone addition and abnormalities are caused in the collagen structure of the PDL fibroblasts, by functioning at the damage site, HSP47 inhibits extracellular secretion of abnormal collagen, stores the modified protein in the endoplasmic reticulum, thereby controlling decalcification of the PDL. HSP47 investigated in this study acts differently depending of the time of expression.
Neuroelectric Tuning of Cortical Oscillations by Apical Dendrites in Loop Circuits

Bundles of relatively long apical dendrites dominate the neurons that make up the thickness of the cerebral cortex. It is proposed that a major function of the apical dendrite is to produce sustained oscillations at a specific frequency that can serve as a common timing unit for the processing of information in circuits connected to that apical dendrite. Many layer 5 and 6 pyramidal neurons are connected to thalamic neurons in loop circuits. A model of the apical dendrites of these pyramidal neurons has been used to simulate the electric activity of the apical dendrite. The results of that simulation demonstrated that subthreshold electric pulses in these apical dendrites can be tuned to specific frequencies and also can be fine-tuned to narrow bandwidths of less than one Hertz (1 Hz). Synchronous pulse outputs from the circuit loops containing apical dendrites can tune subthreshold membrane oscillations of neurons they contact. When the pulse outputs are finely tuned, they function as a local “clock,” which enables the contacted neurons to synchronously communicate with each other. Thus, a shared tuning frequency can select neurons for membership in a circuit. Unlike layer 6 apical dendrites, layer 5 apical dendrites can produce burst firing in many of their neurons, which increases the amplitude of signals in the neurons they contact. This difference in amplitude of signals serves as basis of selecting a sub-circuit for specialized processing (e.g., sustained attention) within the typically larger layer 6-based circuit. After examining the sustaining of oscillations in loop circuits and the processing of spikes in network circuits, we propose that cortical functioning can be globally viewed as two systems: a loop system and a network system. The loop system oscillations influence the network system’s timing and amplitude of pulse signals, both of which can select circuits that are momentarily dominant in cortical activity.
Log-exponential analogues of univariate subdivision schemes in Lie groups and their smoothness properties

The necessity to process data which live in nonlinear ge- ometries (e.g. motion capture data, unit vectors, subspaces, positive definite matrices) has led to some recent developments in nonlinear multiscale representation and subdivision algorithms. The present paper analyzes convergence and C 1 and C 2 smoothness of subdivi- sion schemes which operate in matrix groups or general Lie groups, and which are defined by the so-called log-exponential analogy. It is shown that a large class of such schemes has essentially the same smoothness as the linear schemes they are derived from. This work extends previous work on Lie group subdivision schemes - we con- sider alternative definitions of analogous schemes, arbitrary dilation factors, and symmetry of the nonlinear scheme.
Refined Lower Bounds for Adversarial Bandits

We provide new lower bounds on the regret that must be suffered by adversarial bandit algorithms. The new results show that recent upper bounds that either (a) hold with high-probability or (b) depend on the total lossof the best arm or (c) depend on the quadratic variation of the losses, are close to tight. Besides this we prove two impossibility results. First, the existence of a single arm that is optimal in every round cannot improve the regret in the worst case. Second, the regret cannot scale with the effective range of the losses. In contrast, both results are possible in the full-information setting.
New Algorithms for Solving LPN

The intractability of solving the LPN problem serves as the security source of many lightweight/post-quantum cryptographic schemes proposed over the past decade. There are several algorithms available so far to fulfill the solving task. In this paper, we present further algorithmic improvements to the existing work. We describe the first efficient algorithm for the single-list k-sum problem which naturally arises from the various BKW reduction settings, propose the hybrid mode of BKW reduction and show how to compute the matrix multiplication in the Gaussian elimination step with flexible and reduced time/memory complexities. The new algorithms yield the best known tradeoffs on the complexity curve and clearly compromise the 80-bit security of the LPN instances suggested in cryptographic schemes. Practical experiments on reduced LPN instances verified our results.
Left ventricular hemodynamics in anemic fetal lambs

OBJECTIVE To assess the left ventricular determinants of cardiac output in 12 chronically instrumented fetal lambs, six of which where made anemic. METHODS Twelve, singleton pregnant ewes were instrumented between 123-126 days gestation and chronic catheters placed in-situ. In six fetal lambs, isovolemic fetal anemia was induced (reducing the hematocrit from a mean of 35% to 20%). In a prospective study, absolute 'beat-to-beat' LV volumes and pressures were obtained (gestational age 131-134 days) using a conductance catheter method and a comparison made with non-anemic fetal lambs. RESULTS The group of anemic fetuses (n = 6) had a significantly reduced hematocrit as compared to the control group (37% decrease: mean difference--13.4%; P < 0.001). The arterial blood gases of the two groups were not statistically different, with the exception of the pO2 and oxygen content which were significantly lower in the anemic group (P < 0.05). There was no significant change in fetal heart rate, LV preload (as assessed by venous pressure, end-diastolic volume and pressure) or mean arterial pressure between the anemic and control groups. However, a 75% increase in LV stroke volume was observed in the anemic fetal lambs (P < 0.05), secondary to a 61% fall in LV afterload (P < 0.05). There was no significant change in inherent myocardial contractility of the LV, although this did increase to approach statistical significance in the anemic group (P = 0.056). The diastolic time interval was increased by 22% in the anemic fetus, possibly allowing prolonged LV filling time. The indices measuring LV relaxation (Tau and dP/dtmin) were not significantly different in either group. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report absolute left ventricular volumes in the anemic ovine fetus and the relationship of these data to LV pressure during the cardiac cycle. The model used produces a state of moderately severe, non-hydropic, isovolemic, fetal anemia consistent with those previously described. Although the anemic state was not prolonged, an observed increase in LV stroke volume (which is predominantly due to a decrease in afterload) has been described.
Linear Precoders for OSTBC Mimo Systems with Correlated Rayleigh Fading Channels Based on Convex Optimization

In this paper, we present a precoder design framework and a computationally simple precoding technique for OSTBC based MIMO wireless systems with both transmit and receive correlations for the case of Rayleigh fading. It is assumed that the correlation among receive antennas is independent of the correlation among transmit antennas (and vice versa). The transmit and receive correlation matrices are assumed to be available at the transmitter, while the instantaneous channel state information (CSI) is unknown. The proposed precoder minimizes the upper bound on the symbol error rate (SER). Our main contribution consists of developing a convex formulation for originally non-convex problem of SER minimization for precoder design. Additionally, it can be shown that previously known solutions for some special cases of precoder design naturally follow from our more general results. Numerical simulations illustrate the improved performance of the proposed precoders in terms of the output SER.
Scaling Laws for One- and Two-Dimensional Random Wireless Networks in the Low-Attenuation Regime

The capacity scaling of extended two-dimensional wireless networks is known in the high-attenuation regime, i.e., when the power path loss exponent alpha is greater than 4. This has been accomplished by deriving information-theoretic upper bounds for this regime that match the corresponding lower bounds. On the contrary, not much is known in the so-called low-attenuation regime when 2lesalphales4. (For one-dimensional networks, the uncharacterized regime is 1lesalphales2.5.) The dichotomy is due to the fact that while communication is highly power-limited in the first case and power-based arguments suffice to get tight upper bounds, the study of the low-attenuation regime requires a more precise analysis of the degrees of freedom involved. In this paper, we study the capacity scaling of extended wireless networks with an emphasis on the low-attenuation regime and show that in the absence of small scale fading, the low attenuation regime does not behave significantly different from the high attenuation regime.
Attention, memory and verbal learning and their relation to schizotypal traits in unaffected parents of schizophrenic patients

The main objective of this ex post facto study is to compare the differences in cognitive functions and their relation to schizotypal personality traits between a group of unaffected parents of schizophrenic patients and a control group. A total of 52 unaffected biological parents of schizophrenic patients and 52 unaffected parents of unaffected subjects were assessed in measures of attention (Continuous Performance Test- Identical Pairs Version, CPT-IP), memory and verbal learning (California Verbal Learning Test, CVLT) as well as schizotypal personality traits (Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences, O-LIFE). The parents of the patients with schizophrenia differ from the parents of the control group in omission errors on the Continuous Performance Test- Identical Pairs, on a measure of recall and on two contrast measures of the California Verbal Learning Test. The associations between neuropsychological variables and schizotpyal traits are of a low magnitude. There is no defined pattern of the relationship between cognitive measures and schizotypal traits.
Perceptions of Tilt Angles of an Agricultural Tractor

ABSTRACT A tractor stability simulator has been developed to help study tractor operators’ perceptions of angles when the simulator is tilted to the side. The simulator is a trailer-mounted tractor cab equipped with hydraulic lift that can tilt the tractor cabin up to 30 degrees. This paper summarizes data from 82 participants who sat in the simulator while it was tilted. Demographic variables, estimates of tilt angles, and measured tilt angles were collected. The effects of age, gender, tractor driving experience, and frequency of operation on the estimated and measured tilt angles were analyzed. The results showed that about 50% of the participants reported estimations of side tilt angles within ±5 degrees of the actual angles, and nearly the same percentage overestimated the actual side tilt angles. Only a small percentage underestimated the angles. Older, more experienced, and male participants set higher limits on the actual angle at which they felt uncomfortable and would not drive.
A Methodology for Electromagnetic Transients Calculation—An Application for the Calculation of Lightning Propagation in Transmission Lines

This paper presents the main characteristics of a frequency-domain methodology developed for electromagnetic transients calculation. The method incorporates the simultaneous use of some linear and nonlinear elements typically employed in network analysis, such as RLC elements, transmission lines, quadripoles, single-phase transformers, switches, arresters, etc., with elements of the type "electromagnetic field sources," with the format of cylindrical electrodes. This combination of models is appropriate for many studies (e.g., for the accurate and optimized joint simulation of towers, aerial cables, grounding systems, and some utilities and facilities, interconnected or electromagnetically coupled). The method is applied for computing the consequent overvoltages in a typical 138-kV three-phase transmission line stroked by an atmospheric discharge
Abelson Phosphorylation of CLASP2 Modulates its Association With Microtubules and Actin

The Abelson (Abl) non‐receptor tyrosine kinase regulates the cytoskeleton during multiple stages of neural development, from neurulation, to the articulation of axons and dendrites, to synapse formation and maintenance. We previously showed that Abl is genetically linked to the microtubule (MT) plus end tracking protein (+TIP) CLASP in Drosophila. Here we show in vertebrate cells that Abl binds to CLASP and phosphorylates it in response to serum or PDGF stimulation. In vitro, Abl phosphorylates CLASP with a Km of 1.89 µM, indicating that CLASP is a bona fide substrate. Abl‐phosphorylated tyrosine residues that we detect in CLASP by mass spectrometry lie within previously mapped F‐actin and MT plus end interaction domains. Using purified proteins, we find that Abl phosphorylation modulates direct binding between purified CLASP2 with both MTs and actin. Consistent with these observations, Abl‐induced phosphorylation of CLASP2 modulates its localization as well as the distribution of F‐actin structures in spinal cord growth cones. Our data suggest that the functional relationship between Abl and CLASP2 is conserved and provides a means to control the CLASP2 association with the cytoskeleton. © 2014 The Authors. Cytoskeleton Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.