Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Speed Response and Performance Degradation of High Temperature Gamma Irradiated Silicon PIN Photodiodes

In the present paper, we have been investigated deeply and parametrically the speed response of Si PIN photodiodes employed in high temperature-irradiated environment. The radiation-induced photodiodes defects can modify the initial doping concentrations, creating generation-recombination centres and introducing trapping of carriers. Additionally, rate of the lattice defects is thermally activated and reduces for increasing irradiation temperature as a result of annealing of the damage. Nonlinear relations are correlated to investigate the current-voltage and capacitance-voltage dependences of the Si PIN photodiodes, where thermal and gamma irradiation effects are considered over the practical ranges of interest. Both the ambient temperature and the irradiation dose possess sever effects on the electro-optical characteristics and consequently the photo-response time and SNR of Si PIN photodiodes. In this paper, we derive the transient response of a Si PIN photodiode for photogeneration currents, when it is exposed to gamma radiation at high temperature. An exact model is obtained, which may be used to optimize the responsivity and speed of these irradiated devices over wide range of the affecting parameters.
N-(1,3-Thiazol-2-yl)-2-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)acetamide

In the title compound, C14H16N2OS, the thiazole ring is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.005 Å) and it forms a dihedral angle of 75.21 (8)° with the benzene ring. In the crystal, molecules are linked into inversion dimers by pairs of N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds to generate R 2 2(8) loops.
Why educate “little scientists?” Examining the potential of practice‐based scientific literacy

In recent years, a number of curriculum reform projects have championed the notion of having students do science in ways that move beyond hands-on work with authentic materials and methods, or developing a conceptual grasp of current theories. These reformers have argued that students should come to an understanding of science through doing the discipline and taking a high degree of agency over investigations from start to finish. This stance has occasionally been mocked by its critics as an attempt to create “little scientists”—a mission, it is implied, that is either romantic or without purpose. Here, we make the strong case for a practice-based scientific literacy, arguing through three related empirical studies that taking the notion of “little scientists” seriously might be more productive in achieving current standards for scientific literacy than continuing to refine ideas and techniques based on the coverage of conceptual content. Study 1 is a classroom case study that illustrates how project-based instruction can be carried out when teachers develop guidance and support strategies to bootstrap students' participation in forms of inquiry they are still in the process of mastering. Study 2 shows how sustained on-line work with volunteer scientists appears to influence students' success in formulating credible scientific arguments in written project reports following an authentic genre. Study 3, using data from three suburban high school classes, suggests that involving students in the formulation of research questions and data analysis strategies results in better spontaneous use of empirical data collection and analysis strategies on a transfer task. The study also suggests that failing to involve students in the formulation of research can result in a loss of agency. The implications of these findings for future research and practice are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 41: 234–266, 2004
Changing care? Men and managerialism in the nonprofit sector

Summary The movement of men into care work in the predominantly female voluntary sector appears to be an unintended impact of welfare state contracting-out, managerialism and labour market restructuring. While not uniform, our comparative, international data (New Zealand and Scotland) show that some groups of men in nonprofit care work jobs embraced managerialism and used aspects of it to reshape and advance their work, while others undertook practices exemplifying a ‘caring masculinity’ more similar to practices currently associated with femininised ways of undertaking care activities. Findings Drawing on international comparative data collected as part of a larger study of restructuring in the nonprofit social services, this article suggests analytic clusters of masculinities operating in the voluntary sector and explores how the presence of men in care work may be changing it. The article also shows how hegemonic, masculinist-oriented practices in the workplace appear more amenable to managerialism than the expected feminine self-sacrificing, self-exploiting ethos of this highly gendered, female-majority sector. Applications These findings provide insights into the gendered and changing work in the nonprofit social services sector, and suggest ways the gender order is changing with the influx of male workers. The findings will be of interest to social work managers, supervisors, practitioners, policy analysts, students and educators.
Children's evaluations of aggressive, assertive, and submissive responses

In this study, 231 fourth‐sixth grade children were asked to judge aggressive, assertive, and submissive solutions to interpersonal conflict situations along “evaluative”; and “potency”; dimensions, and to assess the consequences of such behaviors for themselves and for others. Significant differences were obtained between boys and girls, and among children designated “highly aggressive,”; “highly assertive,”; and “highly submissive. ”; In contrast to the great disparity between the judgments of aggressive and assertive children, assertive and submissive children differed significantly only in their ratings of assertive alternatives on particular “evaluative”; dimensions (i.e., “good‐bad,”; “wise‐foolish,”; “kind‐cruel"). Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Personological Correlates of Police Effectiveness

Summary This study with the Police Department of Oakland, California, supports results obtained earlier with the Maryland State Police concerning the personological correlates of competent police work. With use of the California Psychological Inventory and 229 men, the paper provides evidence on three points: (a) the modal personality of police; (b) the personality characteristics associated with persistence in police work; and (c) the personality correlates of effective performance. These samples of American police were found to be masculine, self-confident, and socially effective. Good police are characterized by functional intelligence, achievement motivation, and social poise.
Cooperative Motion Planning for Non-Holonomic Agents with Value Iteration Networks

Cooperative motion planning is still a challenging task for robots. Recently, Value Iteration Networks (VINs) were proposed to model motion planning tasks as Neural Networks. In this work, we extend VINs to solve cooperative planning tasks under non-holonomic constraints. For this, we interconnect multiple VINs to pay respect to each other's outputs. Policies for cooperation are generated via iterative gradient descend. Validation in simulation shows that the resulting networks can resolve non-holonomic motion planning problems that require cooperation.
Fragebogen zum Problem-Monitoring für Eltern, Lehrer und Jugendliche–eine deutsche Fassung des Brief Problem Monitor (BPM)

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Der Brief Problem Monitor (BPM) ist eine, in den USA bereits psychometrisch uberprufte, Kurzform der Child Behavior Checkliste (CBCL) und der davon abgeleiteten Verfahren. Wie die US-Version, umfasst die deutsche Ubersetzung drei Skalen (Internale Probleme-INT, Aufmerksamkeitsprobleme-AP und Externale Probleme-EXT) und liegt ebenfalls in drei Perspektiven (Eltern, Lehrer und Jugendliche) vor. Methode: Die psychometrischen Eigenschaften (Reliabilitat und Validitat) der deutschen Ubersetzung des BPM wurden sowohl anhand von Klinik- als auch Feldstichproben von Kindern im Alter zwischen 6 und 18 Jahren uberpruft. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse weisen auf gute Reliabilitat und, mit einigen Einschrankungen, auf eine gute Validitat hin. Schlussfolgerung: Mit wenigen Einschrankungen kann der deutsche BPM/6 – 18 daher sowohl als reliables als auch valides Instrument bewertet werden.
Does Moral Judgment Go Offline When Students Are Online? A Comparative Analysis of Undergraduates' Beliefs and Behaviors Related to Conventional and Digital Cheating

This study provides a comparative analysis of students' self-reported beliefs and behaviors related to six analogous pairs of conventional and digital forms of academic cheating. Results from an online survey of undergraduates at two universities (N = 1,305) suggest that students use conventional means more often than digital means to copy homework, collaborate when it is not permitted, and copy from others during an exam. However, engagement in digital plagiarism (cutting and pasting from the Internet) has surpassed conventional plagiarism. Students also reported using digital “cheat sheets” (i.e., notes stored in a digital device) to cheat on tests more often than conventional “cheat sheets. ” Overall, 32% of students reported no cheating of any kind, 18.2% reported using only conventional methods, 4.2% reported using only digital methods, and 45.6% reported using both conventional and digital methods to cheat. “Digital only” cheaters were less likely than “conventional only” cheaters to report assignment cheating, but the former was more likely than the latter to report engagement in plagiarism. Students who cheated both conventionally and digitally were significantly different from the other three groups in terms of their self-reported engagement in all three types of cheating behavior. Students in this “both” group also had the lowest sense of moral responsibility to refrain from cheating and the greatest tendency to neutralize that responsibility. The scientific and educational implications of these findings are discussed in this study.
Multi-layer generalized linear estimation

We consider the problem of reconstructing a signal from multi-layered (possibly) non-linear measurements. Using non-rigorous but standard methods from statistical physics we present the Multi-Layer Approximate Message Passing (ML-AMP) algorithm for computing marginal probabilities of the corresponding estimation problem and derive the associated state evolution equations to analyze its performance. We also give the expression of the asymptotic free energy and the minimal information-theoretically achievable reconstruction error. Finally, we present some applications of this measurement model for compressed sensing and perceptron learning with structured matrices/patterns, and for a simple model of estimation of latent variables in an auto-encoder.
Genetic moderation of the association between adolescent romantic involvement and depression: Contributions of serotonin transporter gene polymorphism, chronic stress, and family discord

Abstract Studies support a link between adolescent romantic involvement and depression. Adolescent romantic relationships may increase depression risk by introducing chronic stress, and genetic vulnerability to stress reactivity/emotion dysregulation may moderate these associations. We tested genetic moderation of longitudinal associations between adolescent romantic involvement and later depressive symptoms by a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region gene (5-HTTLPR) and examined contributory roles of chronic stress and family discord. Three hundred eighty-one youth participated at ages 15 and 20. The results indicated that 5-HTTLPR moderated the association between age 15 romantic involvement and age 20 depressive symptoms, with strongest effects for short homozygotes. Conditional process analysis revealed that chronic stress functioned as a moderated mediator of this association, fully accounting for the romantic involvement–depression link among short/short genotypes. Also, romantic involvement predicted later depressive symptoms most strongly among short-allele carriers with high family discord. The results have important implications for understanding the romantic involvement–depression link and the behavioral and emotional correlates of the 5-HTTLPR genotype.
Low-level laser therapy reduces time to ambulation in dogs after hemilaminectomy: a preliminary study.

OBJECTIVES A prospective study to determine if low-level laser therapy and surgery for intervertebral disk herniation encourage ambulation faster than surgery alone. METHODS Thirty-six dogs with acute paraparesis/paraplegia due to acute intervertebral disk herniation were evaluated and given a modified Frankel score. Dogs with scores 0 to 3 were included in the study. Dogs were assigned to the control group (1) or the laser treatment group (2) based on alternating order of presentation. All dogs underwent surgery for their herniated disk. Dogs in group 2 were treated postoperatively with low-level laser therapy daily for five days, or until they achieved a modified Frankel score of 4. A 5 × 200-mW 810-nm cluster array was used to deliver 25 W/cm(2) to the skin. All dogs were scored daily by the investigators using the modified Frankel scoring system. RESULTS The time to achieve a modified Frankel score of 4 was significantly lower (P=0.0016) in the low-level laser therapy group (median 3.5 days) than the control group (median 14 days). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Low-level laser therapy in combination with surgery decreases the time to ambulation in dogs with T3-L3 myelopathy secondary to intervertebral disk herniation.
A case study of an implementation of the ‘new literacy’ paradigm

Within this article, the authors discuss a research project which entailed using teacher journals as a source of program development, assessment and change. Over the course of one year, teachers from the West Deptford school system voluntarily participated in a professional development program entitled the PENN Literacy Network. This training program was led by a member of the West Deptford school district, and its aim was to promote new ways of integrating reading, writing and talking into language arts classrooms and across the curriculum. During the course of this training year, teachers were asked to keep journals detailing their experiences and understanding of the critical experiences which they were presented with, and these journals were responded to by the facilitator of the course and were read by researchers associated with the PENN Literacy Network in order to answer questions and identify emergent themes. This paper addresses some findings, analysis and interpretation of the qualitative evaluation research project which grew out of a university/school district collaboration. It describes the Pennsylvania Framework and the critical learning experiences associated with this Framework and details, using journal citations, teachers’ reactions to the changes taking place within their classrooms and their teaching philosophies as they adapt such critical experiences to their own daily practice. The changes which occur in the program due to teacher feedback and concerns are discussed. Throughout this case study, the authors seek to answer the following questions:‘In what ways have teachers who participated in the professional development program utilized the concepts and practices of the new literacy effort in their classrooms? ’ and ‘How do these teachers feel about these changes? ’ They believe that using such questions to analyze the journals helps to provide validation data supporting the assumption that the PENN Literacy Network does facilitate change and this data helps the facilitator of the course, the organizers of the Network and the university researchers to integrate teacher voices into the program itself. In addition, teachers are able to use the journals to experiment and learn while sharing their thoughts and feelings with their colleagues as a form of teacher research.
Effects of pretreatment with inhaled methoxamine on bronchial responses to histamine in asthmatic subjects.

The underlying mechanisms of bronchial obstruction in asthma are complex. Both bronchospasm and bronchial oedema are thought to play pivotal roles in asthma, but their respective importance in a given asthmatic individual is unknown. To address this question, we assessed the effects of pretreatment with inhaled methoxamine, a potent alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist, on bronchial response to inhaled histamine in 10 asthmatic subjects. The study was conducted according to a double-blind, cross-over, randomized and placebo-controlled design. In each subject, dose-response curves for the effects on forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of serially doubling doses of inhaled histamine were obtained on three different days, 15 min after pretreatment with either methoxamine (10 mg) or duplicated placebo. Histamine, first dose 100 micrograms (543 nmol), was delivered by a breath-activated dosimeter every 5 min. FEV1 was measured in triplicate after each dose and the largest value was retained. There was no difference in baseline and prechallenge FEV1 after placebo and methoxamine. Mean coefficient of variation of decrease in FEV1 induced by histamine on the two placebo days was 6.7 +/- 2%. On average, the bronchial responses to histamine were not modified by pretreatment with methoxamine as compared to placebo (delta FEV1 = 0.83 +/- 0.14 l on methoxamine versus 0.85 +/- 0.11 l and 0.86 +/- 0.13 l on the two placebo days). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Institutional Ownership and Corporate Investment Performance

This paper examines the role of institutional investors in improving firm performance through the channel of corporate investment decisions. We find that the interaction effect between institutional ownership and capital expenditures is significantly related to firm performance. We examine this relationship for different types of institutional investors, and find that investment advisors are most effective monitors in improving firm performance through corporate investment. Moreover, we find that the monitoring role of institutional investors becomes more important when internal governance is weak. Institutional ownership and other forms of corporate governance mechanisms (including CEO incentive compensation and control, shareholder right provisions, and board of director monitoring) operate as substitutes, rather than complements, in improving capital expenditure decisions. Copyright © 2012 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Resume Cet article examine le role que les investisseurs institutionnels jouent dans l'amelioration de la performance des entreprises a travers les decisions de placement des societes. Il montre que l'effet d'interaction entre la propriete institutionnelle et les depenses en capital est fortement lie a la performance d'entreprise. L'examen de cette relation pour differents types d'investisseurs institutionnels revele que les conseillers en investissement sont les mieux places pour veiller a l'amelioration de la performance d'entreprise a travers les placements de la societe. Il ressort des resultats que le role de surveillance attribue aux investisseurs institutionnels gagne en importance lorsque la gouvernance interne devient faible. La propriete institutionnelle et les autres formes de mecanismes de gouvernance d'entreprise (y compris le controle des PDG et les compensations qui leur sont accordees, les dispositions relatives au droit des actionnaires, le suivi du conseil d'administration) fonctionnent non pas comme de supplements, mais plutot comme des substituts dans l'amelioration des decisions de depense en capital.Copyright © 2012 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Universal properties of chaotic transport in the presence of diffusion

The combined, finite time effects of molecular diffusion and chaotic advection on a finite distribution of scalar are studied in the context of time periodic, recirculating flows with variable stirring frequency. Comparison of two disparate frequencies with identical advective fluxes indicates that diffusive effects are enhanced for slower oscillations. By examining the geometry of the chaotic advection in both high and low frequency limits, the flux function and the width of the stochastic zone are found to have a universal frequency dependence for a broad class of flows. Furthermore, such systems possess an adiabatic transport mechanism which results in the establishment of a “Lagrangian steady state,” where only the asymptotically invariant core remains after a single advective cycle. At higher frequencies, transport due to chaotic advection is confined to exchange along the perimeter of the recirculating region. The effects of molecular diffusion on the total transport are different in these two cases.
Quality of learning facilities and learning environment: Challenges for teaching and learning in Kenya's public universities

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to report findings on the perceptions of quality of educational facilities in Kenyan public universities, and the implications for teaching/learning, and the learning environment.Design/methodology/approach – The study adopted an exploratory descriptive design. A total of 332 and 107 undergraduate students and academic staff respectively from five public universities were randomly selected to participate in the study. The questionnaire was used for data collection.Findings – The quality of the library, online resources and lecture facilities provided by Kenyan public universities did not meet quality measures of adequacy. They were unable to support the desired educational programmes effectively and facilitate the development of learning environments that support students and teachers in achieving their goals. The facilities were the antithesis of healthy and secure facilities that can provide a stimulating/inspirational setting for the users, critical measures of .
A Possible World: Autism from Practice to Theory

Persons with autism develop along trajectories that differ from the typical. Therefore, development itself gives important clues for understanding the behavioral profile characteristic of autism. Developing autism means being different, not necessarily being deficient. The infant and her environment coevolve, and therefore experience of a dynamic world is important in shaping both brain and behavior. Early development of sensory and motor skills is highly linked to cognitive abilities Exploration of the environment helps educate the perceptual system and intimately links perception with action in an interactive loop. The action? perception loop continues to play an important role in cognitive development and later cognitive processing, such as categorization and concept formation. Sensorimotor disturbances are ubiquitously found in the autism spectrum. This thesis traces sensorimotor development in autism, and the possible consequences a disturbance in the coupling of action and perception can have on cognitive processes, which are situated and embodied. The thesis also includes a chapter on pedagogical implications. The cues offered to further learning and behavior must be adapted to the different experiences of living on the autism spectrum. The cues must be salient, target the appropriate memories of similar contexts. provide sufficient feedback, etc. (Less)