Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cooperative Communications in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks: Rethinking the Link Abstraction

This chapter rethinks the link abstraction for wireless networks in the context of cooperative communications, which has recently received interest as an untapped means for improving performance of relay transmission systems operating over the ever-challenging wireless medium. The common theme of most research in this area is to optimize physical layer performance measures without considering in much detail how cooperation interacts with higher layers and improves network performance measures. Because these issues are important for enabling cooperative communications to practice in real-world networks, especially for the increasingly important class of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), the goals of this paper are to survey basic cooperative communications and outline two potential architectures for cooperative MANETs. The first architecture relies on an existing clustered infrastructure: cooperative relays are centrally controlled by cluster heads. In another without explicit clus-
Prognosis of pediatric bone marrow transplant recipients requiring mechanical ventilation.

OBJECTIVES To assess the prognosis of pediatric bone marrow transplant recipients requiring mechanical ventilation and to identify risk factors for mortality. DESIGN Retrospective chart review. SETTING Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), tertiary care center. PATIENTS Inclusion criteria were endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation after bone marrow transplantation; patients with perioperative ventilation were excluded. Outcome measures were extubation, PICU discharge, and 6-month survival. The 39 patients who met the inclusion criteria were ventilated on 41 occasions. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Overall survival rate to PICU discharge was 44% (17 of 39 patients). Six months after PICU discharge, 14 of these children were still alive, for a medium-term survival rate of 36%. Preexisting conditions (primary disease, bone marrow engraftment, or graft-vs.-host disease) had no significant effect on survival. Multiple organ failure, especially pulmonary failure and neurologic deterioration, were significant determinants of patient survival. CONCLUSIONS The observed prognosis is improved over previous reports. Early initiation of aggressive intensive care treatment is warranted in this patient group. Decisions regarding intensity of treatment must be based on aspects of the acute illness rather than on the primary conditions.
Action/Inaction and Regret: The Moderating Effect of Closeness

Kahneman & Tversky ( 1982) demonstrated that actions are regretted more than inactions. It was conjectured that ( a) when action shared the same closeness as inaction but was neither to approach nor to retreat the desired outcome, the action was seen as futile so that it would evoke stronger reactions of regret; and ( b) closeness moderated the effect of action such that the effect was stronger when the acting target was closer to a good outcome, but weaker when the acting target was further away from a good outcome. A total of 5 regret-triggering problems were presented to 150 undergraduates who rated actors' intensity of regret. The findings support that closeness is the moderator of the increased regret effect.
Rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae Infection, France, 2010–2014

To further characterize human infections caused by Rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae, we tested skin biopsy and swab samples and analyzed clinical, epidemiologic, and diagnostic characteristics of patients with a rickettsiosis. The most common (38%) indigenous species was R. sibirica mongolitimonae. Significantly more cases of R. sibirica mongolitimonae infection occurred during spring and summer.
Patterning of the Adult Mandibulate Mouthparts in the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum

Specialized insect mouthparts, such as those of Drosophila, are derived from an ancestral mandibulate state, but little is known about the developmental genetics of mandibulate mouthparts. Here, we study the metamorphic patterning of mandibulate mouthparts of the beetle Tribolium castaneum, using RNA interference to deplete the expression of 13 genes involved in mouthpart patterning. These data were used to test three hypotheses related to mouthpart development and evolution. First, we tested the prediction that maxillary and labial palps are patterned using conserved components of the leg-patterning network. This hypothesis was strongly supported: depletion of Distal-less and dachshund led to distal and intermediate deletions of these structures while depletion of homothorax led to homeotic transformation of the proximal maxilla and labium, joint formation required the action of Notch signaling components and odd-skipped paralogs, and distal growth and patterning required epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling. Additionally, depletion of abrupt or pdm/nubbin caused fusions of palp segments. Second, we tested hypotheses for how adult endites, the inner branches of the maxillary and labial appendages, are formed at metamorphosis. Our data reveal that Distal-less, Notch signaling components, and odd-skipped paralogs, but not dachshund, are required for metamorphosis of the maxillary endites. Endite development thus requires components of the limb proximal–distal axis patterning and joint segmentation networks. Finally, adult mandible development is considered in light of the gnathobasic hypothesis. Interestingly, while EGF activity is required for distal, but not proximal, patterning of other appendages, it is required for normal metamorphic growth of the mandibles.
G0/G1 Switch Gene 2 Regulates Cardiac Lipolysis*

Background: Lipolysis of cardiac triacylglycerol stores requires the concerted action of lipases and accessory proteins. Results: Overexpression and knock-out of G0/G1 switch gene 2 affects cardiac lipolysis and alters cardiac triacylglycerol levels. Conclusion: G0/G1 switch gene 2 is a regulator of cardiac lipolysis affecting substrate utilization in cardiomyocytes. Significance: G0/G1 switch gene 2 participates in cardiac energy homeostasis. The anabolism and catabolism of myocardial triacylglycerol (TAG) stores are important processes for normal cardiac function. TAG synthesis detoxifies and stockpiles fatty acids to prevent lipotoxicity, whereas TAG hydrolysis (lipolysis) remobilizes fatty acids from endogenous storage pools as energy substrates, signaling molecules, or precursors for complex lipids. This study focused on the role of G0/G1 switch 2 (G0S2) protein, which was previously shown to inhibit the principal TAG hydrolase adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), in the regulation of cardiac lipolysis. Using wild-type and mutant mice, we show the following: (i) G0S2 is expressed in the heart and regulated by the nutritional status with highest expression levels after re-feeding. (ii) Cardiac-specific overexpression of G0S2 inhibits cardiac lipolysis by direct protein-protein interaction with ATGL. This leads to severe cardiac steatosis. The steatotic hearts caused by G0S2 overexpression are less prone to fibrotic remodeling or cardiac dysfunction than hearts with a lipolytic defect due to ATGL deficiency. (iii) Conversely to the phenotype of transgenic mice, G0S2 deficiency results in a de-repression of cardiac lipolysis and decreased cardiac TAG content. We conclude that G0S2 acts as a potent ATGL inhibitor in the heart modulating cardiac substrate utilization by regulating cardiac lipolysis.
Caffeine dependence in combination with a family history of alcoholism as a predictor of continued use of caffeine during pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to examine whether caffeine dependence and a family history of alcoholism are associated with continued use of caffeine during pregnancy. METHOD Forty-four women seeking obstetrical care in an office-based practice completed questionnaires and provided saliva samples at three prenatal visits occurring 2-3, 3-4, and 7 months postconception. On visit 1, the patients received the physician's instructions to stop using caffeine. Structured interviews were used to assign a diagnosis of caffeine dependence (lifetime) and to identify family history of alcoholism. Outcome measures included self-reported levels of caffeine use and saliva caffeine levels at the three prenatal visits. RESULTS Although most women eliminated or substantially reduced their caffeine consumption between pregnancy awareness and prenatal visit 1, those with a lifetime diagnosis of caffeine dependence and a family history of alcoholism had higher levels of caffeine use and lower rates of abstinence throughout pregnancy. Saliva caffeine levels confirmed these effects. Withdrawal symptoms, functional impairment, and craving were cited as reasons they failed to eliminate or cut back on caffeine use. Fifty percent of the women with both a lifetime diagnosis of caffeine dependence and a family history of alcoholism continued to use caffeine in amounts (>300 mg/day) greater than those considered safe during pregnancy, compared to none of the women without caffeine dependence and a family history of alcoholism. Women with a lifetime diagnosis of caffeine dependence and a family history of alcoholism also reported higher rates of past cigarette smoking and problematic alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS Caffeine-dependent women with a family history of alcoholism were not able to follow their physician's advice to reduce or eliminate caffeine consumption during pregnancy, despite their wanting to do so. This subgroup may require more intensive intervention to ensure caffeine abstinence and may be at greater risk for abuse of or dependence on other drugs.
Effect of rack modeling detail on the numerical results of a data center test cell

This paper is a continuation of the study (Iyengar et al., 2007) that describes the comparison of numerically-predicted and experimentally- measured temperature distributions in a small data center test cell. The data center cell has a floor area of 900 ft2 and comprises one rack, one air-conditioning unit, and perforated tiles. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) results in study (Iyengar et al., 2007) seem to over-pronounce the hot and cold spots and under-predict the mixing between the hot and cold air streams relative to measurements. One of the possible reasons for the disagreement was believed to be the simplified representation of the server rack in the CFD model. This study investigates the effect of server rack model detail on the prediction of temperature distribution within the data center test cell. It is found that insufficient rack-modeling detail is not a likely cause of the poor agreement between experiment and prediction. However, it is demonstrated that rack modeling detail can significantly impact predictions in certain applications.
Thermodynamics of phase formation in the quantum critical metal Sr3Ru2O7

The behavior of matter near zero temperature continuous phase transitions, or “quantum critical points” is a central topic of study in condensed matter physics. In fermionic systems, fundamental questions remain unanswered: the nature of the quantum critical regime is unclear because of the apparent breakdown of the concept of the quasiparticle, a cornerstone of existing theories of strongly interacting metals. Even less is known experimentally about the formation of ordered phases from such a quantum critical “soup. ” Here, we report a study of the specific heat across the phase diagram of the model system Sr3Ru2O7, which features an anomalous phase whose transport properties are consistent with those of an electronic nematic. We show that this phase, which exists at low temperatures in a narrow range of magnetic fields, forms directly from a quantum critical state, and contains more entropy than mean-field calculations predict. Our results suggest that this extra entropy is due to remnant degrees of freedom from the highly entropic state above Tc. The associated quantum critical point, which is “concealed” by the nematic phase, separates two Fermi liquids, neither of which has an identifiable spontaneously broken symmetry, but which likely differ in the topology of their Fermi surfaces.
Platelet autoantibodies are common in hepatitis C infection, irrespective of the presence of thrombocytopenia

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the generation of platelet antibodies in hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected individuals and their relation to the development to thrombocytopenia with the aim of using their detection as a diagnostic aid of immune thrombocytopenia in these patients. Materials and methods: We tested by the monoclonal antibody‐specific immobilization of platelet antigen assay (MAIPA) for the presence of platelet antibodies against specific glycoprotein (GP) targets (GPIIb/IIIa, GPIb/IX, GPIa/IIa, GPIIIb, GPV, and FcRγIIa) in 48 HCV‐infected individuals of various stages of disease and compared the results with those from 35 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Results: Thirty‐two HCV‐infected individuals (66%) had detectable platelet antibodies. The most common target was GPIIb/IIIa, but all other GP were also targets. Results were not different from patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. There was no correlation between antibodies and platelet counts, or the stage of disease, or the viral genotype, or a discernible influence of treatment with α‐interferon. Conclusion: While platelet autoantibodies are common in individuals with HCV infection, their detection does not assist in the diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenia.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF GRE GENERAL TEST ITEM‐TYPE PART SCORES TO UNDERGRADUATE GRADES

This study was undertaken (a) to assess the relative contribution of a vocabulary score made up of GRE General Test antonyms and analogies and a reading comprehension score made up of GRE sentence completions and reading comprehension sets to prediction of an academic criterion (self-reported undergraduate grade point average) and (b) to assess patterns of criterion-related validity for item-type part scores on the GRE quantitative and analytical measures as well. The study was based on data from GRE files for 9,375 examinees in 12 fields of study representing 437 undergraduate departments from 149 colleges and universities. All data were standardized within each undergraduate department and then pooled for analysis by field. There were differences by major field in average performance on the various item-type part scores within each test. The reading comprehension subtest was found to carry most of the predictive load in the GRE verbal measure (consistent with findings for the reading comprehension subscore on the SAT verbal measure). Item-type part scores on the other measures also exhibited differential patterns of relationships with the self-reported undergraduate grade point average. The findings suggest that the different item types within the respective broad ability measures may be tapping somewhat unique skills and abilities and that further exploration of their potential contribution is in order.
Academic and social integration in higher education: a survey of satisfaction and dissatisfaction within a first‐year education studies cohort at a new university

A survey of student satisfaction and dissatisfaction was undertaken within an undergraduate education studies cohort at a new university in the English Midlands. The cohort included both ‘traditional’ and ‘non‐traditional’ students and represented an increasingly typical ‘widened’ community of students within higher education. This student‐ informed survey enabled expression of facets of experience which were found to be deeply satisfying or deeply dissatisfying by the cohort and which also had the potential to impact upon their academic and social integration. The cohort was asked to link facets found deeply satisfying or deeply dissatisfying to the likelihood of their retention and degree completion or the likelihood of their exit from the institution. Themes emerging were concerned with teaching and learning, debt and money worries, workload and support. Many of the facets identified fall within institutional control and can be managed in order that both ‘traditional’ and ‘non‐traditional’ students may achieve integration, maintain their personal vision and be retained. The survey methodology employed can be adapted to accommodate contextualization within other higher education institutions. It is suggested that engagement with such survey methodology represents investment in both institutional, educational and financial health.
Corneal Endothelial Cells Provide Evidence of Accelerated Cellular Senescence Associated with HIV Infection: A Case-Control Study

Background Cellular senescence may be a key factor in HIV-related premature biological aging. We assessed features of the corneal endothelium that are known to be associated with biological aging, and cellular senescence markers in HIV-infected adults. Methods Case-control study of 242 HIV-infected adults and 249 matched controls. Using specular microscopy, the corneal endothelium was assessed for features of aging (low endothelial cell density [ECD], high variation in cell size, and low hexagonality index). Data were analysed by multivariable regression. CDKN2A expression (a cell senescence mediator) was measured in peripheral blood leukocytes and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHDG; an oxidative DNA damage marker) levels were measured in plasma. Results The median age of both groups was 40 years. Among HIV-infected adults, 88% were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART); their median CD4 count was 468 cells/µL. HIV infection was associated with increased odds of variation in cell size (OR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.00–2.78, p = 0.04). Among HIV-infected participants, low ECD was independently associated with current CD4 count <200 cells/µL (OR = 2.77; 95%CI: 1.12–6.81, p = 0.03). In participants on ART with undetectable viral load, CDKN2A expression and 8-OHDG levels were higher in those with accelerated aging, as reflected by lower ECD. Conclusions The corneal endothelium shows features consistent with HIV-related accelerated senescence, especially among those with poor immune recovery.
Object Detection in Wide Area Aerial Surveillance Imagery with Deep Convolutional Networks

Wide Area Aerial Surveilllance (WAAS) technology, alternatively called Wide Area Motion Imagery (WAMI), and Wide Area Persistent Surveillance (WAPS), is capable of monitoring many square kilometers of land for extended periods of time, particularly if used in conjunction with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) platforms. It has applications in security, traffic monitoring, and emergency management, where it is important to detect and track the movements of large numbers of vehicles on roads, highways, and parking lots. However, WAAS imagery comes with multiple trade offs, including low image resolution, low image capture frequency, thousands of moving objects in every image, low object saliency from background, small object size in the range of 50 pixels, lack of color information, and significant camera motion, which leads to registration and parallax errors. Human monitoring of this data is prohibitive, necessitating an automated detection and tracking solution. We use two WAAS datasets, Columbus Large Image Format (CLIF) 2007 from the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) found at (https://www.sdms.afrl.af.mil/) and another from PV Labs (http://www.pv-labs.com/). We attempt to use deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) to detect moving vehicles. CNNs have the potential to learn both appearance features and motion cues (differences between consecutive frames) as well as contextual information, since vehicles are mostly found on pavement. The output of the network is a detection heat-map, which can then be used for object localization and tracking.
Statin drug interactions and related adverse reactions: an update

ABSTRACT Introduction: Statins reduce the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with or at risk for cardiovascular disease and their use is expanding, especially in elderly. Statins are prescribed on a long-term basis and may undergo drug–drug interactions (DDIs) with other drugs. Statins have different safety and tolerability, and this might affect the possibility of DDIs with other cardiovascular drugs, increasing the risk of statin-associated myopathy and hepatotoxicity. Polypharmacy and pharmacogenetic variability are potential causes of statin DDIs. Thus, the safety and adverse effects of statins, particularly in patients receiving multiple medications at risk of DDIs, are a matter of special concern. Areas covered: The purpose of this manuscript is to give an update on the potential statin DDIs and related adverse drug reactions (myopathy and hepatotoxicity), with special considerations on polypharmacy in elderly population, HIV patients, cardiovascular drugs and liver toxicities. The potential DDIs among statins and monoclonal antibodies including the recently approved PCSK9 inhibitors are also extensively discussed in the present review. Expert opinion: A better understanding of the incidence and clinical significance of statin DDIs will help physicians in fine-tuning the lipid-lowering therapeutic interventions thus providing their patients with an evidence-based, safe and cost-effective clinical support.
The impact of field trips on attitudes and behaviours related to sustainable environmental education.

Sustainability is a concept which is addressed with environment and development concepts and it aims the healthy transfer of natural resources to future generations. For these aims environmental education is regarded as an important tool of sustainable development. In this respect, various methods have become popular in recent years in order to endow individuals with sustainable environmental education. One of these methods is field trips. A field trip is a process in which students' abstract perceptions regarding the environment become concrete. In this research, the single-group pretest-posttest model, which aims to make measurements both before and after the experiment by applying an independent variable to a selected group, was employed. The sample of research consisted of 46 pre-service teachers in Ahi Evran University. Attitude and Behaviour Scale for Sustainable Environmental Education are used as data collection instruments. It was determined at the end of the research that the attitude and behaviour scores of the participant pre-service teachers had increased following the trip; however, the increase of behaviour scores was not significant. Therefore, it could be stated that organizing field trips is the best way of instilling sustainable environmental consciousness to pre-service teachers.