Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tranexamic acid in hip fracture surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND Hip fracture surgery may be associated with substantial blood loss. This study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of the use of tranexamic acid in hip fracture surgery for the reduction of erythrocyte transfusion. METHODS The study pertains to a randomized double-blind study with blinded adjudication of outcomes. Patients requiring surgery for an isolated hip fracture of less than 48 h received saline or tranexamic acid 15 mg kg(-1) given at skin incision and 3 h later. Primary efficacy outcome was erythrocyte transfusion from surgery up to day 8. Transfusion was administered according to a standardized protocol (Hb<9 g dl(-1)). Safety criterion was a composite of symptomatic and asymptomatic vascular events up to 6 weeks. RESULTS Fifty-seven patients were randomized to tranexamic acid and 53 to placebo. The rate of erythrocyte transfusion was 42% with tranexamic acid and 60% with placebo (P=0.06). Preoperative haemoglobin value, age, and type of surgery were risk factors for erythrocyte transfusion independent of treatment group. The probability of vascular events at 6 weeks was 16% in the tranexamic acid group and 6% in the placebo group (P=0.10). A meta-analysis combining this study with previous trials showed that tranexamic acid significantly reduced erythrocyte transfusion in hip fracture surgery although efficacy was lower than that observed in hip or knee arthroplasty. CONCLUSIONS In hip fracture surgery, tranexamic acid reduces erythrocyte transfusion but may promote a hypercoagulable state. Thus, further evaluation of safety is required before recommending the off-label use of tranexamic acid.
Biochemical Storage Lesions Occurring in Nonirradiated and Irradiated Red Blood Cells: A Brief Review

Red blood cells undergo a series of biochemical fluctuations during 35–42-day storage period at 1°C to 6°C. The sodium/potassium pump is immobilised causing a decrease in intracellular potassium with an increase in cytoplasmic sodium levels, glucose levels decline, and acidosis occurs as a result of low pH levels. The frailty of stored erythrocytes triggers the formation of haemoglobin-containing microparticles and the release of cell-free haemoglobin which may add to transfusion difficulties. Lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress to band 3 structures, and other morphological and structural molecular changes also occur leading to spheroechinocytes and osmotic fragility. These changes that transpire in the red cells during the storage period are referred to as “storage lesions. ” It is well documented that gamma irradiation exacerbates storage lesions and the reports of increased potassium levels leading to adverse reactions observed in neonates and infants have been of particular concern. There are, however, remarkably few systematic studies comparing the in vitro storage lesions of irradiated and nonirradiated red cell concentrates and it has been suggested that the impact of storage lesions on leucocyte reduced red blood cell concentrate (RBCC) is incomplete. The review examines storage lesions in red blood cells and their adverse effects in reference to blood transfusion.
How do people organize their photos in each event and how does it affect storytelling, searching and interpretation tasks?

This paper explores photo organization within an event photo stream, i.e. the chronological sequence of photos from a single event. The problem is important: with the advent of inexpensive, easy-to-use photo capture devices, people can take a large number of photos per event. A family trip, for example, may include hundreds of photos. In this work, we have developed a photo browser that uses automatically segmented groups of photos---referred to as chapters---to organize such photos. The photo browser also affords users with a drag-and-drop interface to refine the chapter groupings. We conducted an exploratory study of 23 college students with their 8096 personal photos from 92 events, to understand the role of different spatial organization strategies in our chapter-based photo browser, in performing storytelling, photo search and photo set interpretation tasks. We also report novel insights on how the subjects organized their photos into chapters. We tested three layout strategies: bi-level, grid-stacking and space-filling, against a baseline plain grid layout. We found that subjects value the chronological order of the chapters more than maximizing screen space usage and that they value chapter consistency more than the chronological order of the photos. For automatic chapter groupings, having low chapter boundary misses is more important than having low chapter boundary false alarms; the choice of chapter criteria and granularity for chapter groupings are very subjective; and subjects found that chapter-based photo organization helps in all three tasks of the user study. Users preferred the chapter-based layout strategies to the baseline at a statistically significant level, with the grid-stacking strategy preferred the most.
Neuroimage: Clinical Atypical Sulcal Anatomy in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder is associated with an altered early brain development. However, the specific corti-cal structure abnormalities underlying this disorder remain largely unknown. Nonetheless, atypical cortical folding provides lingering evidence of early disruptions in neurodevelopmental processes and identifying changes in the geometry of cortical sulci is of primary interest for characterizing these structural abnormalities in autism and their evolution over the first stages of brain development. Here, we applied state-of-the-art sulcus-based morphometry methods to a large highly-selective cohort of 73 young male children of age spanning from 18 to 108 months. Moreover, such large cohort was selected through extensive behavioral assessments and stringent inclusion criteria for the group of 59 children with autism. After manual labeling of 59 different sulci in each hemisphere, we computed multiple shape descriptors for each single sulcus element, hereby separating the folding measurement into distinct factors such as the length and depth of the sulcus. We demonstrated that the central, intraparietal and frontal medial sulci showed a significant and consistent pattern of abnormalities across our different geometrical indices. We also found that autistic and control children exhibited strikingly different relationships between age and structural changes in brain morphology. Lastly, the different measures of sulcus shapes were correlated with the CARS and ADOS scores that are specific to the autistic pathology and indices of symptom severity. Inherently, these structural abnormalities are confined to regions that are functionally relevant with respect to cognitive disorders in ASD. In contrast to those previously reported in adults, it is very unlikely that these abnormalities originate from general compensatory mechanisms unrelated to the primary pathology. Rather, they most probably reflect an early disruption on developmental trajectory that could be part of the primary pathology.
Associations between the functional polymorphisms in the ABCB1 transporter gene and colorectal cancer risk: a case-control study in Turkish population

Abstract Colorectal cancer is among the most common cancer types in the world and its etiology involves the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. ABCB1 is highly expressed in the apical surface of colonic epithelial cells and acts as an efflux pump by transporting toxic endogenous substances, drugs and xenobiotics out of cells. ABCB1 polymorphisms may either change its protein expression or alter its function. Several studies have reported a possible association between ABCB1 variants and colorectal cancer, but no consistent conclusion has been arrived at. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between colorectal cancer and the functional common variants of ABCB1 (1236C > T; 2677G > T/A; 3435C > T). The distributions of the variants were determined in 103 patients with colorectal cancer and 150 healthy volunteers using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. ABCB1 1236C > T was statistically significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk (OR, odd ratio = 1.91; 95% CI, confidence interval = 1.09–3.35; p = 0.034). In haplotype-based analysis, the proportion of individuals with the ABCB1 haplotype C1236-G2677-T3435 was significantly more common in patients than in controls (OR = 11.96; 95% CI = 2.59–55.32; p = 0.0004). We believe that the findings may be beneficial to the development of efficacious preventive strategies and therapies for colorectal cancer.
Employment and work disability in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES Many studies have provided information on employment and work disability (WD) rates in patients with SLE, yet are often limited by small sample sizes, poor generalizability or fail to examine the risks and outcomes of WD. Our objective was to systematically review the literature on WD in SLE to identify a more generalizable point estimate and range of WD in SLE patients. METHODS A search was conducted using Medline, EMBase, PubMed and Cochrane databases to identify publications related to SLE and employment and/or WD. Characteristics of the study samples and employment/WD data were extracted. Descriptive statistics, a test for heterogeneity and random effects models were performed to obtain pooled estimates of employment and WD rates for all patients. RESULTS Twenty-six studies with a total of 9886 SLE patients were found; however, not all patients were reviewed for WD. Larger studies demonstrated the prevalence of WD at 20-40%, and pooled estimates found that 46% (95% CI 40%, 52%) were employed with SLE and 34% (95% CI 24%, 44%) had WD. WD was related to psychosocial and disease-related factors including age, race, socioeconomic status (SES), education, disease activity and duration, pain, fatigue, anxiety and neurocognitive involvement. CONCLUSIONS This study provides strong evidence that costs of SLE may be very high due to job loss at a younger age in SLE patients, and identifies some risk factors associated with WD, which should be targeted by interventions aimed at preventing job loss.
Sort vs. Hash Revisited: Fast Join Implementation on Modern Multi-Core CPUs

Join is an important database operation. As computer architectures evolve, the best join algorithm may change hand. This paper re-examines two popular join algorithms -- hash join and sort-merge join -- to determine if the latest computer architecture trends shift the tide that has favored hash join for many years. For a fair comparison, we implemented the most optimized parallel version of both algorithms on the latest Intel Core i7 platform. Both implementations scale well with the number of cores in the system and take advantages of latest processor features for performance. Our hash-based implementation achieves more than 100M tuples per second which is 17X faster than the best reported performance on CPUs and 8X faster than that reported for GPUs. Moreover, the performance of our hash join implementation is consistent over a wide range of input data sizes from 64K to 128M tuples and is not affected by data skew. We compare this implementation to our highly optimized sort-based implementation that achieves 47M to 80M tuples per second. We developed analytical models to study how both algorithms would scale with upcoming processor architecture trends. Our analysis projects that current architectural trends of wider SIMD, more cores, and smaller memory bandwidth per core imply better scalability potential for sort-merge join. Consequently, sort-merge join is likely to outperform hash join on upcoming chip multiprocessors. In summary, we offer multicore implementations of hash join and sort-merge join which consistently outperform all previously reported results. We further conclude that the tide that favors the hash join algorithm has not changed yet, but the change is just around the corner.
RMPE: Regional Multi-person Pose Estimation

Multi-person pose estimation in the wild is challenging. Although state-of-the-art human detectors have demonstrated good performance, small errors in localization and recognition are inevitable. These errors can cause failures for a single-person pose estimator (SPPE), especially for methods that solely depend on human detection results. In this paper, we propose a novel regional multi-person pose estimation (RMPE) framework to facilitate pose estimation in the presence of inaccurate human bounding boxes. Our framework consists of three components: Symmetric Spatial Transformer Network (SSTN), Parametric Pose Non-Maximum-Suppression (NMS), and Pose-Guided Proposals Generator (PGPG). Our method is able to handle inaccurate bounding boxes and redundant detections, allowing it to achieve 76:7 mAP on the MPII (multi person) dataset[3]. Our model and source codes are made publicly available.
Identification of Quantitative Trait loci and Environmental Interactions for Accumulation and Remobilization of Water-Soluble Carbohydrates in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Stems

Genetic analyses of nine traits associated with stem water-soluble carbohydrate (SWSC) accumulation and remobilization at grain-filling period under drought stress (DS) and well-watered (WW) conditions were undertaken using doubled haploid lines (DHLs) derived from two Chinese common wheat cultivars. Some significantly and very significantly positive correlation was observed among nine traits associated with SWSC. Higher phenotypic values for most traits were detected under DS. Broad sense heritabilities (\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(h_{\mathrm{B}}^{2}\) \end{document}) of the traits showed wide fluctuations between two water treatments. A total of 48 additive and 62 pairs of epistatic QTL for nine traits were identified as distributing on all 21 chromosomes. A majority of QTL involved significant additive and epistatic effects with interactions of QTL and environments (QEIs). Two additive and two pairs of epistatic loci involved only QEIs without corresponding significant additive or epistatic effects. The contributions of the additive QEIs were two- to fourfolds higher than those of their corresponding additive QTL. Most of the additive QEIs for traits associated with SWSC interacted with DS. In addition, some QTL for the grain-filling efficiencies and thousand-grain weight were colocated in the same or adjacent chromosome intervals with QTL for accumulation and remobilization efficiency of SWSC before 14 days after flowering.
Teachers Coaching Teachers.

The Purposes of Coaching Coaching has several purposes. The first is to build communities of teachers who continuously engage in the study of their craft. Coaching is as much a communal activity, a relationship among seeking professionals, as it is the exercise of a set of skills and a vital component of training. Second, coaching develops the shared language and set of common understandings necessary for the collegial study of new knowledge and skills. Especially important is the agreement that curriculum and instruction need constant improvement and that expanding our repertoire of teaching skills requires hard work, in which the help of our colleagues is indispensable. Third, coaching provides a structure for the follow up to training that is essential for acquiring new teaching skills and strategies. Researchers on teacher training agree that transfer of skills and strategies foreign to the teacher's existing repertoire requires more substantial training than the training we typically allot to such enterprises. Coaching appears to be most appropriate when teachers wish to acquire unique configurations of teaching patterns and to master strategies that require new ways of thinking about learning objectives and the processes by which students achieve them. Minor changes, which constitute the "fine tuning" of existing skills, can be achieved more easily by teachers themselves. have developed programs that help teachers firm up and improve their teaching repertoires. The Process of Coaching In most settings coaching teams are organized during training designed to enhance the understanding and use of a teaching strategy or curriculum innovation. The teams study the rationale of the new skills, see them demonstrated, practice them, and learn to provide feedback to one another as they experiment with the skills. From that point on, coaching is a cyclical process designed as an extension of training. The first steps are structured to increase skill with a new teaching strategy through observation and feedback. These early sessions provide opportunities for checking performance against expert models of behavior. In our practice and study of coaching, teachers use Clinical Assessment Forms to record the presence or absence of specific behaviors and the degree of thoroughness with which they are performed. Since all the teachers learn to use the forms during initial training sessions and are provided practice by checking their own and each other's performance with these forms, they are prepared to provide feedback to each other during the coaching phase. Whether teachers are …
The Effects of Elevated CO2 Concentration on Soybean Gene Expression. An Analysis of Growing and Mature Leaves1[W][OA]

Improvements in carbon assimilation and water-use efficiency lead to increases in maximum leaf area index at elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]); however, the molecular drivers for this increase are unknown. We investigated the molecular basis for changes in leaf development at elevated [CO2] using soybeans (Glycine max) grown under fully open air conditions at the Soybean Free Air CO2 Enrichment (SoyFACE) facility. The transcriptome responses of rapidly growing and fully expanded leaves to elevated [CO2] were investigated using cDNA microarrays. We identified 1,146 transcripts that showed a significant change in expression in growing versus fully expanded leaves. Transcripts for ribosomal proteins, cell cycle, and cell wall loosening, necessary for cytoplasmic growth and cell proliferation, were highly expressed in growing leaves. We further identified 139 transcripts with a significant [CO2] by development interaction. Clustering of these transcripts showed that transcripts involved in cell growth and cell proliferation were more highly expressed in growing leaves that developed at elevated [CO2] compared to growing leaves that developed at ambient [CO2]. The 327 [CO2]-responsive genes largely suggest that elevated [CO2] stimulates the respiratory breakdown of carbohydrates, which provides increased energy and biochemical precursors for leaf expansion and growth at elevated [CO2]. While increased photosynthesis and carbohydrate production at elevated [CO2] are well documented, this research demonstrates that at the transcript and metabolite level, respiratory breakdown of starch is also increased at elevated [CO2].
Comparative evaluation of usability tests

Seven professional usability labs and one university student team have carried out independent, parallel usability tests of the same state-of-the-art, live, commercial web site. The web site used for the usability tests is www.hotmail. com, a major provider of free web-based e-mail. The panel will discuss similarities and differences in process, results and reporting.
The effects of day-to-day interaction via social network sites on interpersonal relationships

The current research identifies the impact of sharing day-to-day information in social network sites (SNS) on the relationships we hold within and outside of them. Stemming from the literature on self-disclosure, uncertainty reduction, personal relationships, privacy and computer-mediated communication (CMC), a concurrent triangulation research strategy is adopted to identify the patterns of relationship development and interaction in SNS. Using a mixed methods approach, five studies were conducted to determine how young adults interact via SNS. Empirical findings suggest SNS users are driven by the need to reduce uncertainty and gather information about their interaction partners. An interaction between several factors was found to impact on relationships between communication partners: the frequency of information sharing; the content of the shared information; the type of relationship held between the sender and recipient; the stage of relationship development; the medium of communication, and; an expected social contract. A conceptual model of interpersonal interaction within SNS environments is proposed, identifying the links between sharing, certainty and relationship quality, and manifested communication behaviour throughout relationship development. Implications for the fields of communication science, CMC, and social and behavioural psychology are discussed.
Complex ICA Using Nonlinear Functions

We introduce a framework based on Wirtinger calculus for nonlinear complex-valued signal processing such that all computations can be directly carried out in the complex domain. The two main approaches for performing independent component analysis, maximum likelihood, and maximization of non-Gaussianity-which are intimately related to each other-are studied using this framework. The main update rules for the two approaches are derived, their properties and density matching strategies are discussed along with numerical examples to highlight their relationships.
Structural evidence for Nap1‐dependent H2A–H2B deposition and nucleosome assembly

Nap1 is a histone chaperone involved in the nuclear import of H2A–H2B and nucleosome assembly. Here, we report the crystal structure of Nap1 bound to H2A–H2B together with in vitro and in vivo functional studies that elucidate the principles underlying Nap1‐mediated H2A–H2B chaperoning and nucleosome assembly. A Nap1 dimer provides an acidic binding surface and asymmetrically engages a single H2A–H2B heterodimer. Oligomerization of the Nap1–H2A–H2B complex results in burial of surfaces required for deposition of H2A–H2B into nucleosomes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation‐exonuclease (ChIP‐exo) analysis shows that Nap1 is required for H2A–H2B deposition across the genome. Mutants that interfere with Nap1 oligomerization exhibit severe nucleosome assembly defects showing that oligomerization is essential for the chaperone function. These findings establish the molecular basis for Nap1‐mediated H2A–H2B deposition and nucleosome assembly.