Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Viral load of high-risk human papillomaviruses as reliable clinical predictor for the presence of 1 cervical lesions 2 3 Running title : High viral load identifies cervical lesions 4 5 Authors : 6

Viral load of high-risk human papillomaviruses as reliable clinical predictor for the presence of 1 cervical lesions 2 3 Running title: High viral load identifies cervical lesions 4 5 Authors: 6 Markus Schmitt, Christophe Depuydt, Ina Benoy2, Johannes Bogers2, Jerome Antoine, Michael 7 Pawlita, and Marc Arbyn on behalf of the VALGENT study group 8 9 1 Department Genome Modifications and Carcinogenesis (F020) 10 Research Program Infection and Cancer 11 German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) 12 Im Neuenheimer Feld 242 13 69120 Heidelberg 14 Germany 15 16 2 Labo Lokeren campus Riatol, Department of Molecular Diagnostics 17 Sonic Healthcare Benelux 18 Emiel Vloorsstraat 9, 2020 Antwerp 19 Belgium 20 21 3 Unit of Cancer Epidemiology 22 Scientific Institute of Public Health 23 Juliette Wytsmanstreet 14 24 1050 Brussels 25 Belgium 26 27 * To whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail: markus.schmitt@dkfz.de 28
Multicultural Long‐Term Care Nurses' Perceptions of Factors Influencing Patient Dignity at the End of Life

The goal of this mixed‐methods study was to characterize the perceptions of multicultural long‐term care nurses about patient dignity at the end‐of‐life (EOL). The study was conducted in a large, urban, long‐term care (LTC) facility. Participants were 45 long‐term care nurses and 26 terminally ill nursing home residents. Nurses completed an open‐ended interview about their perceptions of the concept of dying with dignity, and the data were analyzed using grounded theory methods. Main themes identified as promoting resident dignity at the EOL included treating them with respect, helping them prepare for the EOL, promoting shared decision‐making, and providing high‐quality care. The nurses' cultural and religious backgrounds influenced their perceptions of what constitutes dignity‐conserving care. Foreign‐born nurses stressed the need for EOL rituals, but this was strikingly absent in the statements of U.S.‐born nurses. Foreign‐born Catholic nurses stated that the dying experience should not be altered using analgesics to relieve suffering or by attempts to hasten death by forgoing curative therapy or by other means. Nurses and terminally ill individuals completed the Dignity Card‐sort Tool (DCT). A comparison of the DCT responses of the LTC nurses cohort with those of the terminally ill participants revealed that the nurses felt patient dignity was eroded when patient wishes were not followed and when they were treated without respect. In contrast, dying LTC residents felt that poor medical care and loss of ability to choose care options were the most important factors leading to erosion of dignity.
Estimating US Monetary Policy Shocks Using a Factor-Augmented Vector Autoregression: An EM Algorithm Approach

Economy-wide effects of shocks to the US federal funds rate are estimated in a state space model with 120 US macroeconomic and financial time series driven by the dynamics of the federal funds rate and a few dynamic factors. This state space system is denoted a factor-augmented VAR (FAVAR) by Bernanke et al. (2005). I estimate the FAVAR by the fully parametric one-step EM algorithm as an alternative to the two-step principal component method and the one-step Bayesian method in Bernanke et al. (2005). The EM algorithm which is an iterative maximum likelihood method estimates all the parameters and the dynamic factors simultaneously and allows for classical inference. I demonstrate empirically that the same impulse responses but better fit emerge robustly from a low order FAVAR with eight correlated factors compared to a high order FAVAR with fewer correlated factors, for instance four factors. This empirical result accords with one of the theoretical results from Bai & Ng (2007) in which it is shown that the information in complicated factor dynamics may be substituted by panel information.
Democracy and human rights in developing countries

The 1980s saw a wave of democratisation sweeping the globe. Similar transformations were evident in the early 1950s, when modernisation theorists were optimistic about the future of democracy in newly emerging states; these new democracies, however, failed to maintain stability and vacillated between democratic and authoritarian regimes. Through a synthesis of the theories of modernization, dependency and bureaucratic authoritarianism, Arat explains this instability in terms of the imbalance between two groups of human rights: civil-political and socioeconomic. Arguing against those who believe that socioeconomic rights are group rights that can be maintained only at the expense of individual civil-political rights - and that a trade-off between liberty and equality is inevitable - Arat demonstrates that the stability of democracy requires a balance between the two groups of human rights. A historic review, an empirical analysis of more than 150 countries, and case studies of Costa Rica, India and Turkey support her thesis that developing countries that recognise civil-political rights and establish democratic systems fail to maintain them if they neglect socioeconomic rights.
Exploring the role of front-line employees as innovators

This article aims for a deeper understanding of front-line employees (FLEs) and their boundary-spanning role in service organizations’ innovation processes from the vantage points of creativity and service innovation theory. It explores in particular FLEs’ processes of creativity by focusing on how ideas emerge and how these ideas are further managed in the organizations’ innovation processes. It draws on an in-depth empirical study of three units at a large spa and resort hotel. The article demonstrates how FLEs’ ideas are related to the assimilation and utilization of knowledge gained in the customer–supplier interface. Furthermore, it introduces the concept of ‘management by weaving’, which encompasses the middle managers’ roles in the complexity of leading diverse innovation processes in the service organization. By having the roles of facilitator, gatekeeper, and translator, middle managers hold the key position for letting FLEs play the role as innovators.
Food involvement and food purchasing behaviour

This paper investigates the factors affecting product class involvement for food. Factors affecting specific aspects of involvement are also explored. The aim is to determine the factors that affect involvement with food and sketch the profile of consumers more likely to be involved or not involved with food. Building on the literature a conceptual model is developed and empirically tested using survey data collected from supermarkets in Athens. Data were analyzed using probit and ordered probit analysis and marginal effects were calculated which show how much the level of involvement or importance is affected when a variable is changed. Results show that younger consumers, those with higher education and income that engage in nutritional label use behaviour and do not prepare food for their household are more likely to have low involvement with food. Less distinctive characteristics are apparent for the highly involved consumers. Different consumer profiles are also associated with different aspects of food involvement based on importance attached to price, ease of preparation, nutrition, taste, and brand name.
The Legacy of Modern Portfolio Theory

Fifty years have passed since the publication of Harry Markowitz's article on portfolio selection, setting forth the ground-breaking concepts that have come to form the foundation of what is now popularly referred to as Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT). In this article the authors briefly explain the theory underlying MPT and using illustrations highlight the application of MPT to the current practice of asset management and portfolio construction. The authors also survey most of the relevant research that has directly or indirectly been either an outcome of MPT or has contributed to the implementation of MPT.
Generation scheduling and the switching curve law

The switching curve law is an analytic procedure derived from the dual of the Lagrangian relaxation approach to the static unit commitment (SUC) problem. It is argued here that this analytic result provides a new understanding of the general unit commitment problem not otherwise possible from numerical methods. Moreover, the SUC problem and the analytic results presented here have direct applications in the scheduling of hydro generation in power plants and in the interpretation of the pricing rules of the England and Wales Power Pool.
Abacavir: Absolute Bioavailability, Bioequivalence of Three Oral Formulations, and Effect of Food

Study Objectives. Study A: to determine the absolute bioavailability of a single 300‐mg abacavir hemisulfate tablet. Study B: to determine the bioequivalence of two oral abacavir formulations (300‐mg hemisulfate tablet, 100‐mg succinate caplet), the effect of food on the bioavailability of the 300‐mg hemisulfate tablet, and the bioavailability of the hemisulfate tablet relative to the hemisulfate solution.
A detailed study of the phenotype of an autosomal dominant cone-rod dystrophy (CORD7) associated with mutation in the gene for RIM1

Aim: To characterise the phenotype of an autosomal dominant cone-rod dystrophy (CORD7) associated with the Arg844His mutation in RIM1. Methods: Eight members of a four generation, non-consanguineous British family were examined clinically and underwent electrophysiological testing, automated dark adapted perimetry, dark adaptometry, colour vision assessment, colour fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and fundus autofluorescence (AF) imaging. Results: The majority of affected individuals described a progressive deterioration of central vision, night vision, and peripheral visual field usually between the third and fourth decades. The visual acuity ranged from 6/6 to 3/60. Colour vision testing showed mild to moderate dyschromatopsia in the majority of individuals. Fundus changes comprised a range of macular appearances varying from mild retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) disturbance to extensive atrophy and pigmentation. In some individuals retinal vessels were attenuated and in two subjects peripheral areas of retinal atrophy were present. An absent or severely reduced PERG was detected in all subjects, indicative of marked macular dysfunction. Full field ERG showed abnormal rod and cone responses. AF imaging revealed decreased macular AF centrally surrounded by a ring of increased AF in the majority of individuals. “Bull’s eye” lesions were present in two individuals, comprising of a ring of decreased perifoveal AF bordered peripherally and centrally by increased AF. Photopic sensitivity testing demonstrated elevated central visual field thresholds with additional superior greater than inferior peripheral field loss. There were rod and cone sensitivity reductions in the central and peripheral visual fields, with the inferior retina being more affected than the superior. Conclusions: The detailed phenotype is described of the autosomal dominant cone-rod dystrophy, CORD7, which is associated with a point mutation in RIM1, a gene encoding a photoreceptor synaptic protein. The pattern of disease progression and long term visual outcome facilitates improved genetic counselling and advice on prognosis. Such phenotypic data will be invaluable in the event of future therapy.
Power and Competition in the UK Retail Grocery Market

The UK retail grocery market is widely recognized as being oligopolistic. This has raised concerns over the level and use of power by the leading retailers. This paper considers the changes in the UK retail grocery market in the context of a discussion of power. This discussion focuses on the possibility of a dominant chain arising in the market. Vertical and horizontal relationships and price and non-price competition form the organizing principles of the analysis. Policy implications are suggested and other conclusions are drawn.
Turnover propensity and its causes among Singapore nurses: An empirical study.

Nurse turnover has been a serious challenge to the efficiency and effectiveness of any health-care delivery system. Various antecedents of turnover are examined in this study in attempt to identify the most critical causes of the problem. One hundred and eighty nurses from a large hospital in Singapore participated in the survey. The results show that a) stress strikes throughout different stages in turnover development; b) professional commitment is a significant cause of turnover cognition, but not turnover intention; and c) organizational commitment and supervision satisfaction are among the top predictors of turnover intention. These results deviated from the apprehension of many health administrators about the causes of the nursing turnover, thus provided clues as to how to mitigate the problem. And, as they were compatible with the results of studies on Canadian and American nurses, these results contributed to the empirical generalization process. The implication of the findings is discussed in the.
The Influence of Consumer Decision-Making Styles on Online Apparel Consumption By College Students

Apparel purchases now constitute one of the fastest-growing segments of e-commerce. Thus, there are strong theoretical and managerial reasons to better understand consumer characteristics associated with buying apparel online. This paper investigates motivations for online apparel consumption using the Consumer Styles Inventory. Data from a sample of 357 US college students showed that quality consciousness, brand consciousness, fashion consciousness, hedonistic shopping, impulsiveness and brand loyalty were positively correlated with online apparel shopping. Price sensitivity was negatively correlated with online spending.
Can Downstream Waste Disposal Policies Encourage Upstream "Design for Environment"?

“Design for environment” takes place when firms explicitly incorporate environmental issues in their product design and manufacturing decisions (Joseph Fiksel, 1996). To reduce waste associated with consumer products, for example, firms can reduce product weight, including the amount of packaging that comes with a product, and make products easier and less costly to recycle. The latter can be accomplished by changing the type of material used in a product, avoiding mixing of materials in a single product, coding and labelling when different materials are used, and designing for ease of disassembly (U.S. Congress Office of Technology Assessment, 1992; Fiksel, 1996). An important debate centres around the question of whether design for environment (DfE) needs to be explicitly targeted using policy instruments focused “upstream” on producers or whether “downstream” instruments send sufficient signals back upstream. One important downstream instrument is a disposal fee (i.e., charging households a price per pound, per bag, or per can for their trash). Many observers feel that downstream instruments do not send appropriate signals back upstream. Some economists and others have suggested, on the other hand, that disposal fees can, in theory, send signals upstream to producers (Karen Palmer and Walls, 1998). We find that disposal fees provide incentives for efficient DfE only when there is a fully functioning recycling market (i.e., only when recyclers pay households a price for each of their recyclable items and that price varies with the degree of product recyclability). In the real world, transactions costs of paying households for each individual item recycled would be prohibitively high. In a more realistic setting in which households may place some items in a recycling bin but are not paid for doing so, a disposal fee by itself will not yield a social optimum. It encourages households to place items in the bin, but all items allowed in the bin are of equal value to the household (i.e., there is no reason to prefer an easily recyclable aluminium can to a difficult-to-recycle plastic milk jug). This means that there is no signal to producers to make products more recyclable. If the government can set product taxes that vary with product recyclability, the social optimum can be restored, but this option is not practicable. We argue that the infeasibility of (I) paying households for recycling and (ii) taxing products according to their recyclability means that a first-best outcome is no longer attainable. Instead, we set up a constrained second-best optimum and solve for policy instruments that achieve this outcome. We find that a disposal fee will not ensure the constrained optimum unless it is supplemented with upstream instruments.
Working Time and Work and Family Conflict in the Netherlands, Sweden and the Uk

This article presents evidence on working time flexibility and the experience of work and family conflict in the Netherlands, Sweden and the UK, using data from a comparable questionnaire. We find that the experience of balancing work and family life in the different countries yields some surprising and paradoxical results. This is particularly the case in Sweden where, despite the establishment of gender equality and work–family reconciliation policies, we find that higher proportions of both mothers and fathers than in the other two countries report a conflict between their work and family lives. In the Netherlands and the UK it is fathers rather than mothers who are more likely to report conflicting pressures between work and family life. In each country these experiences are related to the hours of work of women and men, but in the context of different working-time regimes and with different compromises and solutions to the unresolved tensions surrounding the conciliation of work and family life.
Precursor lesions of ovarian epithelial malignancy

Most ovarian carcinomas arise from the mesothelial surface lining of the ovaries, or from invaginations of this lining into the superficial ovarian cortex to form cortical inclusion cysts. The native ovarian surface mesothelium is of an ‘uncommitted’ phenotype, and has potential to modulate to epithelial or mesenchymal phenotypes in response to signals such as those associated with ovulation. The exposure of the mesothelial lining of an inclusion cyst to the ovarian stromal microenvironment may be responsible for the phenotypic change to Müllerian epithelium so commonly seen in these cysts. Müllerian metaplasia is usually to a serous phenotype, and it is possible that undefined molecular events occurring in an inclusion cyst that has undergone Müllerian metaplasia may initiate neoplastic change in these cysts. This may be the developmental pathway of most invasive serous carcinomas. Occasional rare cases of ovarian intraepithelial neoplasia, manifested by epithelial atypia in an inclusion cyst or on the surface epithelium without invasive carcinoma, are identified histologically. Serous borderline tumours represent a separate category and in most cases probably do not progress to frank carcinoma. Mucinous carcinomas may in some cases have arisen from pre‐existing benign and borderline mucinous tumours. Endometriosis of the ovary is associated with genetic abnormalities and is frequently found in association with clear cell and endometrioid carcinomas, suggesting that in many cases these latter two types of carcinoma may have arisen directly from endometriotic deposits. Ovaries removed prophylactically from women with a family history of ovarian carcinoma or with a mutation in one of the genes predisposing to ovarian carcinoma should be processed in their entirety, and examined closely not just for obviously neoplastic lesions, but also for more subtle morphological abnormalities of the surface epithelium or the epithelium lining cortical inclusion cysts.
API2-MALT1 Fusion Gene in Colorectal Lymphoma

The API2-MALT1 fusion gene was originally identified from a t(11;18)(q21;q21) translocation, a specific chromosomal abnormality that is found in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Gastric MALT lymphomas positive for the API2-MALT1 fusion gene do not respond to Helicobacter pylori–eradication therapy, but otherwise, the incidence and clinicopathological behavior of colorectal MALT lymphoma with this genetic abnormality are unclear. We examined the API2-MALT1 fusion by multiplex RT-PCR method in 47 cases of MALT lymphoma and 13 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and evaluated the relevance of API2-MALT1 positivity to the clinical and pathological features. The mean ages of MALT lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients were 65 (range, 37–87 y) and 58 (range, 14–85 y) years, respectively. API2-MALT1 fusion genes were detected in seven cases (15%) of MALT lymphoma and one case (8%) of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. In MALT lymphomas, the tumor size in API2-MALT1–positive cases was 62 ± 39 mm (mean ± SD), statistically larger than that in API2-MALT1–negative cases (25 ± 19 mm; P < .01). The API2-MALT1–positive cases demonstrated more advanced clinical stages and a male predominance, compared with API2-MALT1–negative cases. Thus, API2-MALT1–positive tumors should be cared for as a more aggressive subgroup and be followed for a longer time.
Aerodynamic Ground Effect in Fruitfly Sized Insect Takeoff

Aerodynamic ground effect in flapping-wing insect flight is of importance to comparative morphologies and of interest to the micro-air-vehicle (MAV) community. Recent studies, however, show apparently contradictory results of either some significant extra lift or power savings, or zero ground effect. Here we present a numerical study of fruitfly sized insect takeoff with a specific focus on the significance of leg thrust and wing kinematics. Flapping-wing takeoff is studied using numerical modelling and high performance computing. The aerodynamic forces are calculated using a three-dimensional Navier–Stokes solver based on a pseudo-spectral method with volume penalization. It is coupled with a flight dynamics solver that accounts for the body weight, inertia and the leg thrust, while only having two degrees of freedom: the vertical and the longitudinal horizontal displacement. The natural voluntary takeoff of a fruitfly is considered as reference. The parameters of the model are then varied to explore possible effects of interaction between the flapping-wing model and the ground plane. These modified takeoffs include cases with decreased leg thrust parameter, and/or with periodic wing kinematics, constant body pitch angle. The results show that the ground effect during natural voluntary takeoff is negligible. In the modified takeoffs, when the rate of climb is slow, the difference in the aerodynamic forces due to the interaction with the ground is up to 6%. Surprisingly, depending on the kinematics, the difference is either positive or negative, in contrast to the intuition based on the helicopter theory, which suggests positive excess lift. This effect is attributed to unsteady wing-wake interactions. A similar effect is found during hovering.