Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Paying for Primary Schools: Admission Constraints, School Popularity or Congestion?

respectively based upon admission constraints, school popularity and congestion effects. We find that test-score-based school performance significantly increases property prices, but only the best one in ten schools generate higher than average prices close by, and that prices are higher close to popular, over-capacity schools. We conclude that the empirical evidence is more in line with the school popularity model. Anyone with school age children worries about getting the best school for their child. Even so, the processes by which school choices are made, or indeed whether one gets an opportunity to choose, are complex. And yet, developing a better understanding of this choice process and its outcomes is fundamental to the distribution of educational attainments across children and the distribution of future income that this engenders. If indeed the rich get the best schools then this has clear implications for intergenerational mobility and equity. As things stand in England, some opt for education outside the state sector - if they can afford it. Others must adopt a strategy to try to get their child into a decent state school. In the English primary school system, this generally means choosing a home near the school, because admission is restricted to those who live close by. So it is not surprising that evaluation of schools' relative merits and the choices to be made over where to live feature highly in parents' dialogue. But, as in any group discussion, talk might be based on limited (or maybe out-of-date) information which may shape the views of parents on schooling decisions for their children. This forms the backdrop for what we study in this article, namely the links between primary school performance, residential location, school capacity and house prices. We set up and test various models of school choice, implementing empirical tests using detailed house price and school data in London and the South East of England. The primary school admission system is organised in England so that there is no deterministic relationship between location of residence and primary school attended. In fact, allocation purely on the basis of place of residence became illegal in the 1990s, after some well-publicised court cases. In principle, parental preference is what counts. In practice, good primary schools in urban areas are often full or over-subscribed, and geographically-based over-subscription criteria * We thank seminar and conference participants in Bergen, Bristol, the Centre for Economic Performance and the 2005 RES Conference for helpful comments. We also thank the Nationwide Building Society for providing the house-price data and Joan Wilson for excellent research assistance.
Moving Toward Understanding Social Justice in Sport Organizations: A Study of Engagement in Social Justice Advocacy in Sport Organizations

This study examines the factors that can be associated with social justice advocacy in the field of sport and explains why the activists get involved in the social justice advocacy. The authors implemented a phenomenological research approach, interviewing 12 active social justice activists. In drawing from Moeschberger et al.’s model for awareness and engagement, the authors suggest a congruent definition of social justice advocacy, explain how the participants learned about social injustice (direct experience, indirect experience, and indirect contact), identify three major themes (increased awareness, atypical experience, and emotional response) for the involvement in social justice advocacy, and describe what activities the participants get engaged in (raising awareness and changing attitude, engaging in activity, and encouraging others). The results of this study provide more in-depth understanding of social justice advocacy in the field of sport.
H.264/AVC Video Watermarking Algorithm Against Recoding

In this paper, an effective video watermarking method based on H.264/AVC was proposed. We select Intra_4×4 and Intra_16×16 as the embedding target, each macroblock would be embedded into 1 bit watermark. In Intra_4×4, we explorer the characteristic of the DCT coefficient and adjust them to embed watermark while in Intra_16×16 we modulate the LSB bit of the DC coefficient to realize watermark insertion, furthermore, we control the embedding strength to make the video quality and the bit-rate acceptable. Experiment results demonstrate that the watermark can resist the recoding effectively, while the real-time performance can also be obtained. Copyright © 2014 IFSA Publishing, S. L.
Automatic Discovery and Composition of Services with IRIS

The service-oriented architecture (SOA) proposes a new software development paradigm that is based on loosely coupled software components deployed and located across the web. This key benefit of SOA allows building workflows crossing organizational boundaries. One of the major challenges in this field of research is the automatic discovery and composition of services. In this paper we suggest a novel ontology-based discovery and composition approach. In a first step standard web services descriptions based on WSDL are semantically enriched by pre-processing steps including general-purpose ontologies as well as domainspecific ontologies. Resulting semantic-aware service profiles are stored in a registry component. In a second step we describe the matchmaking algorithms underlying the IRIS discovery component. Finally, we evaluate the performance of our algorithms analytically as well as we measure its quality by an experimental setup.
An analysis of pterosaurian biogeography: implications for the evolutionary history and fossil record quality of the first flying vertebrates

The biogeographical history of pterosaurs has received very little treatment. Here, we present the first quantitative analysis of pterosaurian biogeography based on an event-based parsimony method (Treefitter). This approach was applied to a phylogenetic tree comprising the relationships of 108 in-group pterosaurian taxa, spanning the full range of this clade's stratigraphical and geographical extent. The results indicate that there is no support for the impact of vicariance or coherent dispersal on pterosaurian distributions. However, this group does display greatly elevated levels of sympatry. Although sampling biases and taxonomic problems might have artificially elevated the occurrence of sympatry, we argue that our results probably reflect a genuine biogeographical signal. We propose a novel model to explain pterosaurian distributions: pterosaurs underwent a series of ‘sweep-stakes’ dispersal events (across oceanic barriers in most cases), resulting in the founding of sympatric clusters of taxa. Examination of the spatiotemporal distributions of pterosaurian occurrences indicates that their fossil record is extremely patchy. Thus, while there is likely to be genuine information on pterosaurian diversity and biogeographical patterns in the current data-set, caution is required in its interpretation.
What Judges Think About the Meaning of their Work

Although there have been studies about the meaning of work in fields such as health and education, there is a lack of research about the work of judges. In order to fill this gap, this article uses the dimensions centrality, social norms, objectives, and results valued at work, to describe the meaning of work for judges. Twenty judges in Brazilian state courts of first instance were interviewed using a semi-structured schedule. Data were analysed using textual and content analysis. The results show that there is no consensus on the centrality of work, in respect of either time or the work / life balance, although most interviewees stated that the family is a priority dimension, followed by work and religion. The judges interviewed held the social norm that work is more of a duty than a right. Although feelings of frustration and happiness are counterbalanced among the magistrates interviewed, research data converge on the positive conclusion that work is seen as a value-generating activity for society.
Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research

Background Behavioral addiction research has been particularly flourishing over the last two decades. However, recent publications have suggested that nearly all daily life activities might lead to a genuine addiction. Methods and aim In this article, we discuss how the use of atheoretical and confirmatory research approaches may result in the identification of an unlimited list of “new” behavioral addictions. Results Both methodological and theoretical shortcomings of these studies were discussed. Conclusions We suggested that studies overpathologizing daily life activities are likely to prompt a dismissive appraisal of behavioral addiction research. Consequently, we proposed several roadmaps for future research in the field, centrally highlighting the need for longer tenable behavioral addiction research that shifts from a mere criteria-based approach toward an approach focusing on the psychological processes involved.
On the holomorphy conjecture for Igusa’s local zeta function

To a polynomial f over a p-adic field K and a character X of the group of units of the valuation ring of K one associates Igusa's local zeta function Z(s, f, X), which is a meromorphic function on C. Several theorems and conjectures relate the poles of Z(s, f, X) to the monodromy of f; the so-called holomorphy conjecture states roughly that if the order of X does not divide the order of any eigenvalue of monodromy of f, then Z(s, f, X) is holomorphic on C. We prove mainly that if the holomorphy conjecture is true for f(xI . xn-) , then it is true for f(xl . . x ) + xk with k > 3, and we give some applications.
The politics of European Union regional policy : multi-level governance or flexible gatekeeping?

This book provides an over-view of the key developments in the politics of European Union regional policy from the creation of the EEC to the present day. The discussion of 'who decides what and to what effect' in relation to regional policy is part of the contemporary academic debate about the nature of politics and policy-making in the EU. Bache argues that no single theory can explain the complex politics of EU regional policy-making. In particular, current theories pay insufficient attention to the importance of implementation in shaping policy outcomes. The book concludes that the application of different analytical tools at different stages of policy-making provides the fullest picture of the politics of EU regional policy. This title is published in conjunction with UACES, the University Association for Contemporary European Studies. UACES web site can be found at www.uaces. org>
Specialisation Across Varieties Within Products and North-South Competition

Recent works in trade theory and related empirical studies have drawn a revised picture of trade patterns: international specialisation has been proved to take place within products, across varieties, rather than across products or across industries. Systematising this repeated empirical evidence, we ask here what are the precise patterns regarding the specialisation of countries within products and across varieties and what are the determinants of such specialisation. Our value added is twofold. Firstly, we use BACI, the new CEPII data base of world trade covering the largest available set of countries over a decade at the most detailed level of the product classification. BACI reconciles the declarations of trading partners to the United Nations (COMTRADE), extracting trade costs from unit values of imports, and correcting for the quality of the declarations. We consider varieties of products inside each heading of the 6-digit level of the harmonised nomenclature, which comprises some 5,000 products. Secondly, we take advantage of this extensive coverage to systematically address the determinants of specialisation using a 10 year panel of 163 countries and 25 manufactured sectors.Our results point to four stylised facts. Firstly, the similarity of exports between North and South is much more limited when we consider differentiated varieties than when industries are considered. Secondly, the unit value of exported products to a certain market varies with the level of development of the exporter. Thirdly, the observed redistribution of market shares has been especially detrimental to advanced economies for low unit value varieties, while the EU has better resisted competition in high unit value varieties. Fourthly, we use a gravity equation to explain the bilateral trade in varieties among developing and developed economies.On the basis of such detailed and systematic empirical evidence regarding the specialisation of countries within - rather than between - products, we ask whether the fears raised by North-South competition are exaggerated.
Programa de Primeiros Socorros em Saúde Mental: Estudo piloto

Objetivo: O presente estudo piloto teve como objetivo apreciar comparativamente a qualidade do Programa de Primeiros Socorros em Saúde Mental na Literacia em saúde mental de recém-licenciados em Enfermagem. Método: Utilizou-se um desenho pré-experimental, designado estudo de caso com pós-teste de grupo único. O Programa teve a duração de dois dias (14 horas). A amostra do estudo foi constituída por 16 recém-licenciados em Enfermagem, com uma média de idades de 21,86 anos (DP = 0,54). Como instrumento de colheita de dados foi utilizado o Questionário de Avaliação da Literacia em Saúde Mental, aplicado à depressão, esquizofrenia e abuso de álcool. Em termos de análise de dados, recorreu-se às estatísticas resumo, ao teste Q de Cochran e teste de Friedman e como medidas de tamanho de efeito o ℜ e W, associadas ao teste adequado. Resultados: Observou-se, no final da intervenção, níveis elevados e diferenciados de literacia em saúde mental em todas as suas componentes, ao nível da depressão, esquizofrenia e uso/abuso de álcool, especificamente em termos de reconhecimento dos problemas. Comparativamente, a intenção de pedido de ajuda diferenciou-se consoante o problema descrito nas vinhetas (p < 0,05), sendo mais elevada na depressão (81,30%) comparativamente ao abuso de álcool (56,30%) e à esquizofrenia (37,50%). Resultado idêntico foi obtido para a confiança em prestar primeiros socorros (p < 0,05) e em que os participantes se sentiram mais confiantes nos casos da depressão e do abuso de álcool. Conclusões: Apesar das limitações decorrentes do tipo de desenho utilizado, nomeadamente a ausência de grupo de controlo e não existência de observação prévia à intervenção, os resultados mostram que no fim do programa os participantes apresentam elevada confiança para agir em prol da sua saúde mental e daqueles que lhe estão próximos.
Market Reaction to Annual Earnings Announcements: The Case of Euronext Paris

The aim of this paper is to examine market behaviour around the times of annual earnings announcements made in the Paris Bourse. Accordingly, we propose to study both the informational role of accounting numbers and the intraday speed of adjustment of stock prices to new information. Our sample is composed of 117 overnight announcements published among Reuters monitors during the period 2001-2003. For every date, the event is classified into one of three categories: good news, bad news or no news. This split was made by comparing the actual number to financial analysts' expectations. Our intraday analysis reveals several results. First, according to the thesis of Kim and Verrecchia (1994), the spread remains large short time after the release of unanticipated earnings announcements. During this period, spread widening is accompanied by an abnormal market activity. Second, abnormal returns earned by sophisticated investors dissipate within fifteen minutes. Next, Prices converge to equilibrium more quickly for good news than for bad news. Finally, we present evidence of price reversal thirty minutes following bad news announcements, as predicted by Ziebart (1998).
The G9.62+0.19–F hot molecular core - The infrared view on very young massive stars

We present the results of an extensive infrared study of the massive star-forming region G9.62+0.19. The data cover information from broad- and narrow-band filters in the wavelength range from 1 to 19 µm and are obtained with ESO's near- and thermal infrared camera ISAAC at the VLT and with the mid-infrared cameras TIMMI2 (La Silla, ESO) and SpectroCam-10 (Mt. Palomar). The high sensitivity and resolution provided by these facilities revealed intriguing new details of this star-forming region, especially of the embedded hot molecular core (HMC) - component F. We analyse the newly found infrared sub- structure of four objects in this HMC region. While one of these objects (F2) is probably a foreground field star, the nature of the brightest object in the near-infrared there (F1) remains somewhat enigmatic. Our new astrometry proves that this object is not coincident with the peak of the molecular line emission of the HMC, but displaced by ∼1.7 arcsecs which translates to nearly 10 000 AU on a linear scale. On the basis of the available data we estimate this object to be an additional embedded object with a dense dust shell. Very near the HMC location we find Lband emission which strongly rises in flux towards longer wavelengths. We presume that this emission (F4) arises from the envelope of the HMC which is known to be associated with a molecular outflow roughly aligned along the line of sight. Thus, the clearing effect of this outflow causes strong deviations from spherical symmetry which might allow infrared emission from the HMC to escape through the outflow cavities. This presents the first direct detection of an HMC at a wavelength as short as 3.8 µm. At 11.7 µm and 18.75 µm, the HMC counterpart F4 ultimately proves to be the most luminous IR source within the G9.62+0.19-F region. In addition, within the entire G9.62+0.19 complex our narrow-band data and the K band imaging polarimetry reveal well-defined regions of enhanced Brγ and H2 emission as well as a sector where a large contribution comes from scattered light. Combining our results with high-resolution radio data we make predictions about the extinction within this star-forming region which clarifies why some of the associated ultracompact H regions are not visible in the near-infrared. Our investigations show the complexity of massive star formation in its full grandeur, but they also demonstrate that the related problems can be tackled by observations using the new generation of infrared cameras.
Simple and Flexible Random Key Pre-distribution Schemes for Wireless Sensor Networks Using Deployment Knowledge Ii Simple and Flexible Random Key Pre-distribution Schemes for Wireless Sensor Networks Using Deployment Knowledge

Sensor nodes are tiny, low-power and battery constrained electromechanical devices that are usually deployed for sensing some type of data in different types of areas. Because of their memory and computational restrictions, public key cryptography (PKC) systems are not suited for sensor nodes to provide security. Instead, private key cryptography is preferred to be used with sensor networks and there has been considerable work in this area, but there still exist problems with private key cryptography because of memory restrictions of sensor nodes. Number of keys that can be deployed into a sensor node is determined by the available memory of that node which is limited even private key cryptographic techniques are applied. So, new key distribution mechanisms are required to decrease number of pairwise keys that are deployed into a sensor node. Random key pre-distribution mechanisms have been proposed to overcome memory restrictions of sensor nodes. These mechanisms are widely accepted for sensor network security. Simply, these schemes try do decrease the number of keys to be deployed in each sensor node in a sensor network and provide reasonable security for the sensor network. Random key pre-distribution schemes proposed until now have some deficiencies. Some of these schemes are too complicated and too difficult to be applied. Schemes that seem deployable involve unrealistic assumptions when real world scenarios are considered. In this thesis, we propose random key pre-distribution mechanisms that are simple and easily deployable. In this thesis, we first developed a generalized random key pre-distribution scheme. Then we proposed three random key pre-distribution mechanisms based on this generalized scheme and we provided their simulation results and their comparison to well-known random key pre-distribution schemes in the literature. Our generalized scheme allows different systems to be derived according to deployment needs. It offers simple, easily deployable distribution mechanisms and provides reasonable connectivity and resiliency with respect to its simplicity. To my precious vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Farasa: A Fast and Furious Segmenter for Arabic

In this paper, we present Farasa, a fast and accurate Arabic segmenter. Our approach is based on SVM-rank using linear kernels. We measure the performance of the seg-menter in terms of accuracy and efﬁciency, in two NLP tasks, namely Machine Translation (MT) and Information Retrieval (IR). Farasa outperforms or is at par with the state-of-the-art Arabic segmenters (Stanford and MADAMIRA), while being more than one order of magnitude faster.
Improving Style Similarity Metrics of 3D Shapes

The idea of style similarity metrics has been recently developed for various media types such as 2D clip art and 3D shapes. We explore this style metric problem and improve existing style similarity metrics of 3D shapes in four novel ways. First, we consider the color and texture of 3D shapes which are important properties that have not been previously considered. Second, we explore the effect of clustering a dataset of 3D models by comparing between style metrics for individual object types and style metrics that combine clusters of object types. Third, we explore the idea of userguided learning for this problem. Fourth, we introduce an iterative approach that can learn a metric from a general set of 3D models. We demonstrate these contributions with various classes of 3D shapes and with applications such as style-based similarity search and scene composition.
Interstitial lung disease associated with juvenile dermatomyositis: clinical features and efficacy of cyclosporin A.

OBJECTIVES Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a rare complication of juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical features of JDM-associated ILD and to evaluate the efficacy of cyclosporin A (CSA). METHODS We reviewed clinical records of 10 cases of JDM that were admitted to Hokkaido University Hospital between April 1990 and March 2001. RESULTS Five cases were complicated with ILD, three with interstitial pneumonia and two with bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. ILD was associated with active JDM and progressed despite corticosteroid therapy. Testing for anti-Jo-1 antibody was negative in all cases. Respiratory symptoms were initially noticed in only one case. In the other cases, ILD was first detected by routine examination of chest X-ray. All the cases received CSA (3-5 mg/kg/day) in combination with prednisolone. One patient died of respiratory failure, but the others responded well to treatment with CSA. CONCLUSION ILD should be evaluated carefully in all cases of JDM regardless of respiratory symptoms. CSA is a choice for steroid-resistant cases of JDM-associated ILD.