Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Swept Mechanism of Micro-Milling Tool Geometry Effect on Machined Oxygen Free High Conductivity Copper (OFHC) Surface Roughness

Cutting tool geometry should be very much considered in micro-cutting because it has a significant effect on the topography and accuracy of the machined surface, particularly considering the uncut chip thickness is comparable to the cutting edge radius. The objective of this paper was to clarify the influence of the mechanism of the cutting tool geometry on the surface topography in the micro-milling process. Four different cutting tools including two two-fluted end milling tools with different helix angles of 15° and 30° cutting tools, as well as two three-fluted end milling tools with different helix angles of 15° and 30° were investigated by combining theoretical modeling analysis with experimental research. The tool geometry was mathematically modeled through coordinate translation and transformation to make all three cutting edges at the cutting tool tip into the same coordinate system. Swept mechanisms, minimum uncut chip thickness, and cutting tool run-out were considered on modeling surface roughness parameters (the height of surface roughness Rz and average surface roughness Ra) based on the established mathematical model. A set of cutting experiments was carried out using four different shaped cutting tools. It was found that the sweeping volume of the cutting tool increases with the decrease of both the cutting tool helix angle and the flute number. Great coarse machined surface roughness and more non-uniform surface topography are generated when the sweeping volume increases. The outcome of this research should bring about new methodologies for micro-end milling tool design and manufacturing. The machined surface roughness can be improved by appropriately selecting the tool geometrical parameters.
The role that an educational robot plays

Human beings naturally assign roles to one another while interacting. Role assignment is a way to organize interpersonal encounters and can result in uncertainty decrease when facing a novel interaction with someone we just met, or even to rediscover new roles within previous relationships. When people interact with synthetic characters - such as robots - it seems they also assign roles to these agents, just as they do with humans. Within the field of human-robot interaction (HRI), robots are being developed to fulfill specific roles. This enables researchers to design concrete behaviors that match the desired role that a robot will play in a given task. It would then be expected that if a robot is developed with such a specific role, users too would assign the same role to that robot. In this paper, we study how children assign roles to an educational robot whose role is established from the beginning of the interaction. Our results show that although the role that the robot played was explicitly presented to children, they end up perceiving and assigning different roles for that robot. Moreover, we conclude that role assignment in educational HRI is a dynamic process in which the perceptions of children regarding the robot change over time as a consequence of continuous interactions.
UTILIZATION OF EUCALYPTUS ASH AND LIMESTONE AS CORRECTIVES OF SOIL ACIDITY

Aiming to evaluate the effects of eucalyptus ash and limestone on soil acidity correction at 0-0.20 m depth, two experimental field trials were carried out between January and April 2013 at Campo Novo do Parecis (Mato Grosso state, Brazil). A randomized complete block design in a split-plot arrangement in time with four replications was used. In the experiment 1 treatments were days after the correctives application (0, 25, 50 and 75) and doses of eucalyptus wood ash (0, 4, 8 and 12 t ha -1 ). In the experiment 2 treatments were days after the correctives application (0, 25, 50 and 75) and limestone doses (0, 2, 4 and 6 t ha -1 ). Soil attributes were evaluated: pH (CaCl 2 ), Al 3+ exchangeable and potential acidity. A significant effect was observed between dose and time factors, as well in isolation, for correctives eucalyptus wood ash and limestone. Both the eucalyptus wood ash and limestone provide changes in the chemical properties of the soil, such as pH rise and reduction of Al 3+ content and soil potential acidity. The eucalyptus ash doses, regardless of the evaluation periods, provided higher pH values than the limestone doses.
The social character of parental and adolescent television viewing: An event history analysis

Abstract The amount of time that people spend on watching television is a matter of social concern. In the past, several approaches have been developed explaining why people expose themselves to television, most notably the Uses and Gratifications approach. Building on an action theoretical framework, it is argued that the influence of routinization and situational context of television viewing (including the role played by others) should receive more attention. This approach is then applied to media use in households, with an emphasis on how adolescents and parents influence each other's television viewing. Event history on data from 55 Dutch households (including 86 adolescents and their parents) show that the influence of parents and their adolescent children is reciprocal, that is, not only do parents influence their children, but children also influence their parents. This influence does, however, not increase during the teenage years, nor does parental influence diminish during those years.
STUDY OF FRACTAL-SHAPED STRUCTURES WITH PIN DIODES USING THE MULTI-SCALE METHOD COMBINED TO THE GENERALIZED EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT MODELING

A multi-scale (MS) approach combined to the generalized equivalent circuit (GEC) modeling is applied to compute the input impedance of pre-fractal structures with incorporated PIN diodes. Instead of treating the whole complex problem at once, the MS method splits the complex structure into a set of scale levels to be studied separately. The computation is done gradually from the lowest level. Each scale level is artiflcially excited by N modal sources to compute its input impedance matrix. The MS method is based on converting this input impedance matrix into an impedance operator to achieve the transition toward the subsequent level. The PIN diodes were easily integrated in the MS approach thanks to their surface impedance model. The main advantage of the MS-GEC method is the signiflcant reduction of the problem's high aspect ratio since flne details are studied separately of the larger structure. Consequently, the manipulated matrices are well conditioned. Moreover, the reduced size of matrices manipulated at each level leads to less memory requirement and faster processing than the MoM. Values obtained with the MS- GEC approach converge to those given by the MoM method when a su-cient number of modal sources are used at each scale level. For frequencies between 1GHz and 6.8GHz, the agreement between the two methods is conspicuous.
Haemoglobinopathies and resistance to malaria

Abstract The haemoglobinopathies have a celebrated role in the study of human genetics as the first examples of balanced polymorphisms described in human populations. Over the last 50 years, considerable evidence has been provided to show that these traits do confer protection from malaria. More recently, the underlying mechanisms of protection have been examined. This short review summarizes these studies and where possible shows how the putative mechanisms of protection may be linked to redox processes.
Multinationals and Linkages: An Empirical Investigation

Several recent papers have used plant-level data and panel econometric techniques to carefully explore the existence FDI externalities. One conclusion that emerges from this literature is that it is difficult to find evidence of positive externalities from multinationals to local firms in the same sector (horizontal externalities). In fact, many studies find evidence of negative horizontal externalities arising from multinational activity while confirming the existence of positive externalities from multinationals to local firms in upstream industries (vertical externalities). In this paper we explore the channels through which these positive and negative externalities may be materializing, focusing on the role of backward linkages. In particular, we criticize the common usage of the domestic sourcing coefficient as an indicator of a firm? s linkage potential and propose an alternative, theoretically derived indicator. We then use plant-level data from several Latin American countries to compare multinationals? linkage potential to that of domestic firms. We find that multinational? s linkage potential in Brazil, Chile and Venezuela is higher than for domestic firms. For Mexico, we cannot reject the hypothesis that foreign and local firms have similar linkage potential. Finally, we discuss the relationship between this finding and the conclusions that emerge from the recent empirical literature.
Specificity of Signal Peptide Recognition in Tat-Dependent Bacterial Protein Translocation

ABSTRACT The bacterial twin arginine translocation (Tat) pathway translocates across the cytoplasmic membrane folded proteins which, in most cases, contain a tightly bound cofactor. Specific amino-terminal signal peptides that exhibit a conserved amino acid consensus motif, S/T-R-R-X-F-L-K, direct these proteins to the Tat translocon. The glucose-fructose oxidoreductase (GFOR) ofZymomonas mobilis is a periplasmic enzyme with tightly bound NADP as a cofactor. It is synthesized as a cytoplasmic precursor with an amino-terminal signal peptide that shows all of the characteristics of a typical twin arginine signal peptide. However, GFOR is not exported to the periplasm when expressed in the heterologous host Escherichia coli, and enzymatically active pre-GFOR is found in the cytoplasm. A precise replacement of the pre-GFOR signal peptide by an authentic E. coli Tat signal peptide, which is derived from pre-trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) reductase (TorA), allowed export of GFOR, together with its bound cofactor, to the E. coli periplasm. This export was inhibited by carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, but not by sodium azide, and was blocked in E. coli tatC andtatAE mutant strains, showing that membrane translocation of the TorA-GFOR fusion protein occurred via the Tat pathway and not via the Sec pathway. Furthermore, tight cofactor binding (and therefore correct folding) was found to be a prerequisite for proper translocation of the fusion protein. These results strongly suggest that Tat signal peptides are not universally recognized by different Tat translocases, implying that the signal peptides of Tat-dependent precursor proteins are optimally adapted only to their cognate export apparatus. Such a situation is in marked contrast to the situation that is known to exist for Sec-dependent protein translocation.
The kinetics of inhibition of rat recombinant heteromeric α1β glycine receptors by the low-affinity antagonist SR-95531

The GABAA antagonist SR‐95531 (gabazine) is known to block glycine receptors, albeit with low affinity. We have studied the effect of SR‐95531 on rat recombinant α1β glycine receptors expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells by recording macroscopic currents elicited by rapid glycine application to outside‐out patches. SR‐95531 has a fast unbinding rate (koffSR, about 3000 s−1) and this means that the time course of its unbinding is comparable to the expected time course of the transmitter in the cleft. We also found that equilibrium applications of SR‐95531 reduced the response to brief glycine applications by an amount inversely proportional to the duration of glycine application. The fast unbinding rate of SR‐95531 from the glycine receptor will make it useful for establishing the time course of glycine concentration at glycinergic synapses.
Revisiting 2D vs 3D Implications on Spatial Memory

Prior research has shown that the efficient use of graphical user interfaces strongly depends on human capabilities for spatial cognition. Although it is tempting to believe that moving from two- to three-dimensional user interfaces will enhance user performance through natural support for spatial memory, it remains unclear whether 3D displays provide these benefits. An experiment by Tavanti and Lind, reported at InfoVis 2001, provides the most compelling result in favour of 3D---their participants recalled the location of letters of the alphabet more effectively when using a 3D interface than when using a 2D one. The experiment reported in this paper is based on Tavanti and Lind's, but it controls some previously uncontrolled factors. The results strongly suggest that the effectiveness of spatial memory is unaffected by the presence or absence of three-dimensional perspective effects in monocular static displays.
Multimodal Imaging Brain Connectivity Analysis (MIBCA) toolbox

Aim. In recent years, connectivity studies using neuroimaging data have increased the understanding of the organization of large-scale structural and functional brain networks. However, data analysis is time consuming as rigorous procedures must be assured, from structuring data and pre-processing to modality specific data procedures. Until now, no single toolbox was able to perform such investigations on truly multimodal image data from beginning to end, including the combination of different connectivity analyses. Thus, we have developed the Multimodal Imaging Brain Connectivity Analysis (MIBCA) toolbox with the goal of diminishing time waste in data processing and to allow an innovative and comprehensive approach to brain connectivity. Materials and Methods. The MIBCA toolbox is a fully automated all-in-one connectivity toolbox that offers pre-processing, connectivity and graph theoretical analyses of multimodal image data such as diffusion-weighted imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). It was developed in MATLAB environment and pipelines well-known neuroimaging softwares such as Freesurfer, SPM, FSL, and Diffusion Toolkit. It further implements routines for the construction of structural, functional and effective or combined connectivity matrices, as well as, routines for the extraction and calculation of imaging and graph-theory metrics, the latter using also functions from the Brain Connectivity Toolbox. Finally, the toolbox performs group statistical analysis and enables data visualization in the form of matrices, 3D brain graphs and connectograms. In this paper the MIBCA toolbox is presented by illustrating its capabilities using multimodal image data from a group of 35 healthy subjects (19–73 years old) with volumetric T1-weighted, diffusion tensor imaging, and resting state fMRI data, and 10 subjets with 18F-Altanserin PET data also. Results. It was observed both a high inter-hemispheric symmetry and an intra-hemispheric modularity associated with structural data, whilst functional data presented lower inter-hemispheric symmetry and a high inter-hemispheric modularity. Furthermore, when testing for differences between two subgroups (<40 and >40 years old adults) we observed a significant reduction in the volume and thickness, and an increase in the mean diffusivity of most of the subcortical/cortical regions. Conclusion. While bridging the gap between the high numbers of packages and tools widely available for the neuroimaging community in one toolbox, MIBCA also offers different possibilities for combining, analysing and visualising data in novel ways, enabling a better understanding of the human brain.
Effect of management support, training, and user involvement on system usage and satisfaction in Kuwait

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the organizational factors and human motivations affecting information systems and information technology (IS/IT) usage and user's satisfaction in an Arabic country.Design/methodology/approach – The study develops a research model that links three organizational factors (top management support – TMS, availability of training, and user's involvement) to IS/IT usage and end‐user's satisfaction via the mediation of TAM beliefs (usefulness and ease‐of‐use) by 382 IS users. The model was examined through the LISREL.Findings – The results indicate that IS/IT usage and user satisfaction is largely influenced by perceived usefulness. Among the organizational factors, TMS was found to have the strongest effect on IS/IT usage and user's satisfaction, followed by availability of training and user involvement.Research limitations/implications – This study focuses on perceptions of respondents from public organizations who have had high experience with IS/IT. These.
Radar Backscattering from Snowflakes: Comparison of Fractal, Aggregate, and Soft Spheroid Models

AbstractThe sensitivity of radar backscattering cross sections on different snowflake shapes is studied at C, Ku, Ka, and W bands. Snowflakes are simulated using two complex shape models, namely, fractal and aggregate, and a soft spheroid model. The models are tuned to emulate physical properties of real snowflakes, that is, the mass–size relation and aspect ratio. It is found that for particle sizes up to 5 mm and for frequencies from 5 to 35 GHz, there is a good agreement in the backscattering cross section for all models. For larger snowflakes at the Ka band, it is found that the spheroid model underestimates the backscattering cross sections by a factor of 10, and at W band by a factor of 50–100. Furthermore, there is a noticeable difference between spheroid and complex shape models in the linear depolarization ratios for all frequencies and particle sizes.
Expanded Safety and Efficacy Data for a New Method of Performing Electroconvulsive Therapy

Objective Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most rapid and effective antidepressant treatment but with concerns about cognitive adverse effects. A new form of ECT, focal electrically administered seizure therapy (FEAST), was designed to increase the focality of stimulation and better match stimulus parameters with neurophysiology. We recently reported on the safety and feasibility of FEAST in a cohort (n = 17) of depressed patients. We now report on the safety, feasibility, preliminary efficacy, and cognitive effects of FEAST in a new cohort. Methods Open-label FEAST was administered to 20 depressed adults (6 men; 3 with bipolar disorder; age 49.1 ± 10.6 years). Clinical and cognitive assessments were obtained at baseline and end of course. Time to orientation recovery was assessed at each treatment. Nonresponders switched to conventional ECT. Results Participants tolerated the treatment well with no dropouts. Five patients (25%) transitioned from FEAST to conventional ECT due to inadequate response. After FEAST (mean, 9.3 ± 3.5 sessions; range, 4–14), there was a 58.1% ± 36.0% improvement in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores compared with that in the baseline (P < 0.0001); 13 (65%) of 20 patients met response criteria, and 11 (55%) of 20 met remission criteria. Patients achieved reorientation (4 of 5 items) in 4.4 ± 3.0 minutes (median, 4.5 minutes), timed from eyes opening. There was no deterioration in neuropsychological measures. Conclusions These findings provide further support for the safety and efficacy of FEAST. The remission and response rates were in the range found using conventional ECT, and the time to reorientation may be quicker. However, without a randomized comparison group, conclusions are tentative.
Obtaining an analytical STFT closed form solution to the solar cell junction ideality factor using the maximum power point characteristics

The problem of finding an analytical closed form solution of the solar cell junction ideality factor n is studied in some detail, by the Special Trans Functions Theory (STFT). The novel mathematical method just as the structure of the theoretical derivation is presented, while proofs and numerical results confirm the validity and base principle of the STFT. In addition, the obtained results are compared with the calculated values of other methods for alternative proving its significance. Undoubtedly, the proposed novel STFT analytical approach implies qualitative improvement of the conventional analytical and numerical methods.
End-to-end Data Integrity for File Systems: A ZFS Case Study

We present a study of the effects of disk and memory corruption on file system data integrity. Our analysis focuses on Sun's ZFS, a modern commercial offering with numerous reliability mechanisms. Through careful and thorough fault injection, we show that ZFS is robust to a wide range of disk faults. We further demonstrate that ZFS is less resilient to memory corruption, which can lead to corrupt data being returned to applications or system crashes. Our analysis reveals the importance of considering both memory and disk in the construction of truly robust file and storage systems.
Forkhead BoxO transcription factors restrain exercise‐induced angiogenesis

The growth of new capillaries, angiogenesis, within skeletal muscle occurs only after weeks of repeated aerobic exercise. Paradoxically, large increases in pro‐angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor occur with a single exercise bout. The mechanisms underlying the substantial lag in the angiogenic response remain to be elucidated. We detected concomitant increases in the angiostatic Forkhead Box ‘O’ transcription factors FoxO1 and FoxO3a and the matrix protein thrombospondin‐1 following a single bout of exercise, but these responses were repressed after 10 days of repeated exercise. This observation led us to hypothesize that FoxO proteins delay the initiation of exercise‐induced angiogenesis. Endothelial cell‐directed deletion of FoxO proteins abolished the increase in thrombospondin‐1 following a single exercise bout, and resulted in a substantially accelerated angiogenic response. This study identifies an intrinsic endothelial‐specific FoxO signalling pathway that opposes the onset of physiological angiogenesis within healthy exercising skeletal muscle and demonstrates that endothelial cell FoxO proteins are critical determinants of the angiogenic capacity within skeletal muscle.
Multiscale simulations for fracture prediction in composite materials: extension for anisotropic microstructures.

With a fast increasing use of composite materials in aerostructures, industry demands design tools capable to reduce experimental tests while providing reliable data. Multiscale simulations enable to model and analyze fracture processes at the microscale, thus delivering higher accuracy and fundamental information about crack processes which phenomenological models cannot capture. This thesis studies fracture processes developing of composite laminates and the influence of anisotropy in fracture simulations of microstructural domains. Moreover, in the context of an in-house developed multiscale framework, several contributions have been done towards obtaining of Hill-Mandel compliant Effective Tractions Separation Laws. Namely, crack-path integration has been corrected and two energy-consistent homogenization methods have been proposed. Finally, results are given verifying the new methods, and it is found that periodic boundary conditions have an influence on the results upon crack localization.