Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beyond Headcount : Measures that R Components of Child Poverty

This paper presents a new approach to child poverty measurement components of child poverty. The Alkire and Foster method presented in this paper seeks to answer the question ‘who is poor’ by considering the intensity of each as poor, the measures aggregate information on poor down to see where and how children taking into account the breadth, depth or severity of dimensions of child poverty. one way to apply this method to child poverty measurement of the Demographic Health Survey the AF adjusted headcount ratio headcount, because it also reflects the simultaneous deprivations children experience (intensity) this, we argue that child poverty should not be assessed only according to the incidence of poverty but also by the intensity of deprivations that batter poor children’s lives at the same time. example is used to illustrate how to measure can be broken down by groups and by dimensions in order to interpret changes over time, and how to undertake robustness checks concerning the poverty cut
‘When they first come in what do you do?’ English as an additional language and newly qualified teachers

The Training and Development Agency for Schools (TDA), responsible for teacher training in England, requires all trainees to be prepared for the teaching of English as an additional language (EAL). This study investigated newly qualified teachers' (NQTs) continuing training needs in relation to the standards set by the TDA. One hundred and thirty nine new teachers participated in surveys over three years, and seventeen were interviewed. Findings suggest that initial teacher training programmes give variable attention to EAL. While there are strengths (placements, training sessions, speakers, awareness raising) there are also gaps in the training, for example in learning how to manage the integration of new arrivals and assessing EAL learners. With regard to further training, the most commonly identified professional development needs related to practical teaching methods and the development of appropriate resources for EAL pupils, followed by linguistic and cultural awareness, inclusion and differentiation. How to assess pupils with EAL was also a source of concern, with only limited awareness of current national expectations. There are implications from our findings for new teachers, training institutions, schools and local authorities.
Automatic video summarization by graph modeling

We propose a unified approach for summarization based on the analysis of video structures and video highlights. Our approach emphasizes both the content balance and perceptual quality of a summary. Normalized cut algorithm is employed to globally and optimally partition a video into clusters. A motion attention model based on human perception is employed to compute the perceptual quality of shots and clusters. The clusters, together with the computed attention values, form a temporal graph similar to Markov chain that inherently describes the evolution and perceptual importance of video clusters. In our application, the flow of a temporal graph is utilized to group similar clusters into scenes, while the attention values are used as guidelines to select appropriate subshots in scenes for summarization.
Elements of surveillance: A new framework and future directions

Abstract This article argues for a wider conceptualization of the meaning and significance of surveillance in contemporary social studies. It has been written in the context of recently published work by Lyon (2001, 2002) who establishes a powerful argument illuminating the social and technical interconnectedness of surveillance systems, and the invisibility of their social ordering effects, in everyday life. The article is divided into two parts. The first examines recent empirical work concerning two domains of surveillance practice, which are significant, and typical of the research findings in these areas of study. The first surveillance practice is that of CCTV in public space, and the second is that which occurs in the workplace. The second part, mindful of Lyon's (2001, 2002) arguments, analyses the recently published work to examine broader ways in which we might want to conceptualize surveillance. It argues that it comprises four elements: representation, meaning, manipulation and intermediation which interact to form ‘surveillance domains’, and, at a local level, are contested, politicized places. Highlighting the role of intermediation, it uses this framework as the basis of an applied research strategy into everyday surveillance practices.
Rehabilitation of arithmetical text problem solving

The encoding of complex arithmetical text problems is frequently impaired in patients with frontal lesions. Several studies have reported that verbal cues provided by the experimenter can improve these patients' encoding abilities and subsequently their arithmetical problem solving performance. We studied three patients who were in the chronic stage after a severe head trauma and who failed to solve complex arithmetical word problems. A systematic training with a specific cueing technique over eight weeks resulted in substantially improved word problem solving in terms of correctly applied operational steps, but not in terms of correct solutions. The observed training effect was specific for arithmetical word problems and did not extend to other tasks. The results show that the encoding of complex word problems may improve in head trauma patients if sufficient training is given.
Pertussis Maternal Immunization: Narrowing the Knowledge Gaps on the Duration of Transferred Protective Immunity and on Vaccination Frequency

Maternal safety through pertussis vaccination and subsequent maternal–fetal-antibody transfer are well documented, but information on infant protection from pertussis by such antibodies and by subsequent vaccinations is scarce. Since mice are used extensively for maternal-vaccination studies, we adopted that model to narrow those gaps in our understanding of maternal pertussis immunization. Accordingly, we vaccinated female mice with commercial acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine and measured offspring protection against Bordetella pertussis challenge and specific-antibody levels with or without revaccination. Maternal immunization protected the offspring against pertussis, with that immune protection transferred to the offspring lasting for several weeks, as evidenced by a reduction (4–5 logs, p < 0.001) in the colony-forming-units recovered from the lungs of 16-week-old offspring. Moreover, maternal-vaccination-acquired immunity from the first pregnancy still conferred protection to offspring up to the fourth pregnancy. Under the conditions of our experimental protocol, protection to offspring from the aP-induced immunity is transferred both transplacentally and through breastfeeding. Adoptive-transfer experiments demonstrated that transferred antibodies were more responsible for the protection detected in offspring than transferred whole spleen cells. In contrast to reported findings, the protection transferred was not lost after the vaccination of infant mice with the same or other vaccine preparations, and conversely, the immunity transferred from mothers did not interfere with the protection conferred by infant vaccination with the same or different vaccines. These results indicated that aP-vaccine immunization of pregnant female mice conferred protective immunity that is transferred both transplacentally and via offspring breastfeeding without compromising the protection boostered by subsequent infant vaccination. These results—though admittedly not necessarily immediately extrapolatable to humans—nevertheless enabled us to test hypotheses under controlled conditions through detailed sampling and data collection. These findings will hopefully refine hypotheses that can then be validated in subsequent human studies.
Operationalizations of the “but you are free” technique with the word liberty and the Statue of Liberty symbol on clothes: effects on compliance-gaining

The “but you are free” (BYAF) technique is a verbal compliance procedure which solicits people to comply with a request by telling them that they are free to accept or to refuse the request. This technique is based on the semantic evocation of freedom. In two studies, we explored another operationalization of this paradigm: the word “liberty” or a “Statue of Liberty” picture on the experimenter's clothes. The data showed that the word liberty printed on a t-shirt produced the BYAF effect whereas the Statue of Liberty picture did not. These results provide some evidence consistent with using reactance and commitment theories to explain the paradigm, contrary to other theoretical interpretations proposed in the literature such as politeness and reciprocity theories.
Experimental Infection of Domestic Cats with Bartonella koehlerae and Comparison of Protein and DNA Profiles with Those of Other Bartonella Species Infecting Felines

ABSTRACT Bartonella koehlerae, a recently described feline Bartonella species, was isolated from two naturally infected cats in northern California. We experimentally infected domestic cats with B. koehlerae to establish the microbiological and immunological characteristics of this infection in cats and to compare it to infections with those caused by B. henselae and B. clarridgeiae. Four cats were inoculated intradermally with B. koehlerae (8.6 × 107 to 3.84 × 108 CFU/ml). None of the cats presented any obvious clinical signs, but all cats developed bacteremia, which peaked at 3.36 × 104 to 1.44 × 106 CFU/ml of blood between day 14 and day 36 postinoculation. B. koehlerae-inoculated cats had a bacteremia duration (mean, 74 days) shorter than did cats inoculated with B. clarridgeiae (mean, 324 days) (P = 0.03). None of the four cats inoculated with B. koehlerae had bacteremia relapse. As shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using B. koehlerae outer membrane protein (OMP) antigens, the four cats developed a species-specific antibody response, and ELISA testing using other feline Bartonella OMP antigens showed statistically lower optical density values. All four cats developed similar antibody reactivity patterns to B. koehlerae OMP antigens as seen by Western blotting, each with at least 20 seroreactive protein bands. Using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, protein profile differences were observed for both whole-cell lysate and OMPs from B. koehlerae, compared with B. henselae and B. clarridgeiae. B. koehlerae was more closely related to B. henselae than to B. clarridgeiae by protein profile, and this relatedness was also confirmed by analysis of the genomic DNA profiles by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
Organization of neurons in the visual cortex, area 17, of the rat.

Interest in the structure, function and development of the visual system, and in particular of the visual cortex, has never been greater than at present. The rat, though endowed with relatively poor visual capacities, is widely used in vision research, and recently rather interesting, and to some extent discordant, studies of the physiology of cells in the primary visual cortex of the rat have been published (Shaw, Yinon & Auerbach, 1975; Wiesenfield & Kornel, 1975). It is therefore rather surprising that there have been no systematic accounts of the cellular organization in the rat visual cortex, and so we describe here the results of such a study on the primary visual cortex, area 17, in adult rats, utilizing the Golgi methods.
The Identification of Zebrafish Mutants Showing Alterations in Senescence-Associated Biomarkers

There is an interesting overlap of function in a wide range of organisms between genes that modulate the stress responses and those that regulate aging phenotypes and, in some cases, lifespan. We have therefore screened mutagenized zebrafish embryos for the altered expression of a stress biomarker, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) in our current study. We validated the use of embryonic SA-β-gal production as a screening tool by analyzing a collection of retrovirus-insertional mutants. From a pool of 306 such mutants, we identified 11 candidates that showed higher embryonic SA-β-gal activity, two of which were selected for further study. One of these mutants is null for a homologue of Drosophila spinster, a gene known to regulate lifespan in flies, whereas the other harbors a mutation in a homologue of the human telomeric repeat binding factor 2 (terf2) gene, which plays roles in telomere protection and telomere-length regulation. Although the homozygous spinster and terf2 mutants are embryonic lethal, heterozygous adult fish are viable and show an accelerated appearance of aging symptoms including lipofuscin accumulation, which is another biomarker, and shorter lifespan. We next used the same SA-β-gal assay to screen chemically mutagenized zebrafish, each of which was heterozygous for lesions in multiple genes, under the sensitizing conditions of oxidative stress. We obtained eight additional mutants from this screen that, when bred to homozygosity, showed enhanced SA-β-gal activity even in the absence of stress, and further displayed embryonic neural and muscular degenerative phenotypes. Adult fish that are heterozygous for these mutations also showed the premature expression of aging biomarkers and the accelerated onset of aging phenotypes. Our current strategy of mutant screening for a senescence-associated biomarker in zebrafish embryos may thus prove to be a useful new tool for the genetic dissection of vertebrate stress response and senescence mechanisms.
Des représentations croisées pour l'émergence d'une médiation de l'espace documentaire

Professionnels de l'information et usagers de centres de documentation partagent un meme espace pour des usages multiples. Pour autant, les professionnels parviennent-ils a imaginer des representations mentales differentes d'un espace documentaire unique dans sa realite materielle ? La representation graphique est ici utilisee, a l'instar des recherches en ergonomie, pour provoquer une confrontation de representations. Quelles prises de conscience en decoulent sur le role mediateur de l'espace documentaire dans l'organisation des savoirs ?
Majority and minority influence : source-position imbalance as a determinant of message scrutiny

Two experiments addressed the issue of whether endorsement of a position by a numerical majority or a minority leads to greater scrutiny of the information presented in a persuasive message. In Experiment 1, a counterattitudinal position was endorsed by a majority or a minority and was supported by strong or weak arguments. Argument quality had a larger impact on attitudes with majority than with minority endorsement. In Experiment 2, a proattitudinal or a counterattitudinal message was endorsed by a majority or a minority and was supported by strong or weak arguments. When the source and message position were unexpected (i.e., majority-counter and minority-pro messages), argument quality had a larger impact on attitudes than when the source and message position were expected (i.e., majority-pro and minority-counter messages)
Tuning Out or Tuning Elsewhere? Partisanship, Polarization, and Media Migration from 1998 to 2006

The fragmentation of the mass media audience has led scholars to examine the growing partisanship of news consumers as less partisan individuals turn to more entertainment-oriented fare. An analysis of national survey data from 1998 to 2006 suggests that not only has the news audience grown somewhat more partisan over time, but among these partisans a distinct migration has occurred to sources more likely to be friendly to individual political beliefs or away from sources perceived as less friendly.
What Works in 2009: Progress or stagnation?

This article reviews the evidence that has been produced on the effectiveness of evidence-based interventions (What Works), and in particular cognitive-behavioural programmes, with adult offenders in the National Offender Management Service (NOMS) in England and Wales. It summarizes evidence available in the period 2000—2004 and reviews developments since 2004. These include newly published evidence, critiques of and alternatives to an emphasis on programmes. It concludes that the evidence base has developed more slowly than was hoped and expected but that we have still some promising leads. A redirection of the research effort is needed.
Peer review: An effective approach to cultivating lecturing virtuosity

Background: Most university faculty members are expected to teach. Many would benefit from instruction designed to improve lecturing. Aims: To explore the impact of a program in which video-recorded lectures were critiqued by peers. Method: Sixteen lecturers participated in this qualitative study. Four agreed to have an undergraduate lecture video-recorded for peer review. Twelve participated in review sessions wherein the lecturer and three peers viewed and critiqued the recorded lecture. All discussions were recorded and transcribed for thematic analysis. Subsequently, semi-structured interviews were conducted with each lecturer and all 12 peer reviewers. Three pairs of research team members independently conducted thematic analyses of the discussion transcripts and the interviews; then all members met to develop consensus on major emergent themes. Results: Six themes were identified: (1) the benefits of peer review; (2) the components of successful peer review; (3) the value of reflection on teaching experiences; (4) the inherent stress in peer evaluations; (5) the elements of successful lecturing; (6) lecturing as performance. Conclusions: The benefits of peer assessment of lecturing (PAL) were enthusiastically endorsed by all 16 participants. The PAL program is now supported by the McGill Faculty Development Committee and plans to implement regular PAL sessions in place.
Coordination Pattern Adaptability: Energy Cost of Degenerate Behaviors

This study investigated behavioral adaptability, which could be defined as a blend between stability and flexibility of the limbs movement and their inter-limb coordination, when individuals received informational constraints. Seven expert breaststroke swimmers performed three 200-m in breaststroke at constant submaximal intensity. Each trial was performed randomly in a different coordination pattern: ‘freely-chosen’, ‘maximal glide’ and ‘minimal glide’. Two underwater and four aerial cameras enabled 3D movement analysis in order to assess elbow and knee angles, elbow-knee pair coordination, intra-cyclic velocity variations of the center of mass, stroke rate and stroke length and inter-limb coordination. The energy cost of locomotion was calculated from gas exchanges and blood lactate concentration. The results showed significantly higher glide, intra-cyclic velocity variations and energy cost under ‘maximal glide’ compared to ‘freely-chosen’ instructional conditions, as well as higher reorganization of limb movement and inter-limb coordination (p<0.05). In the ‘minimal glide’ condition, the swimmers did not show significantly shorter glide and lower energy cost, but they exhibited significantly lower deceleration of the center of mass, as well as modified limb movement and inter-limb coordination (p<0.05). These results highlight that a variety of structural adaptations can functionally satisfy the task-goal.
Dispositional Forgiveness and PTSD Among Iranian Veterans of the 1980–1988 War

The relationship between dispositional forgiveness, empathy, and hope, on the one hand, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), on the other hand, was examined among Iranian veterans of the Iran-Iraq 1980–1988 conflict. Participants were administered the Forgivingness Questionnaire (measuring lasting resentment, sensitivity to the circumstances of the offense, and unconditional forgiveness), the Empathy Quotient Scale (assessing cognitive empathy, social skills, and emotional reactivity), the Hope Scale (assessing personal feelings of agency and ability to find pathways), and the Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. It was found that the higher the PTSD score, the higher the lasting resentment score and the lower all of the other scores, particularly agency and sensitivity to circumstances. The association between forgivingness and PTSD was still significant once empathy and hope levels were controlled for.
Buyer Uncertainty and Information Search

Preliminary measures of pre-purchase uncertainty were developed through focus group interviews and were administered to a nationwide sample of recent appliance purchasers. Responses indicated the presence of two general types of uncertainty: knowledge uncertainty (uncertainty regarding information about alternatives) and choice uncertainty (uncertainty about which alternative to choose). In exploring how each of these uncertainty dimensions was related to search behavior, we found that choice uncertainty appeared to increase search, but knowledge uncertainty had a weaker, negative effect on search. Implications of the findings for previous research on the relationship between uncertainty and search are discussed, along with research directions.
Blood Pressure, Metabolic Variables and Adipose Tissue Distribution in Pre‐And Post‐Menopausal Women

The study was performed on 289 female patients (aged 20‐60) of a family doctor in Castel D'Azzano, a small town near Verona. The following variables were considered: body mass index (BMI), tricepital, subscapular, hypomesogastric, epimesogastric, supra‐iliacal and epitrochanteric skinfolds, waist, umbilical and bitrochanteric circumferences, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL‐cholesterol, glyce‐mia, uricemia and blood pressure. A significant worsening with age was observed in the mean values of the variables. This worsening was particularly evident in women over 50. The population was subdivided according to presence or absence of menopause; the two groups were then matched for age. None of the variables showed significant differences. Our results did not confirm any of the many effects that menopause is supposed to have regarding metabolic and blood pressure alterations.
The Effect of Weight on the Perception of Vibrotactile Intensity with Handheld Devices

The objective of this study was to determine whether the weight of a vibrating handheld object influenced the perceived intensity of its vibrations. Experiments were conducted to determine the subjective equivalence of vibrotactile intensity for objects that had the same size but had different weights. The results suggest that for the same surface acceleration and hence the same movement, the heavier is the device, the stronger is the perceived intensity
Challenges of Implementing a Feasibility Study of Acupuncture in Acute and Critical Care Settings

A majority of people in the United States use complementary and alternative therapies, and this use is increasing. With the increasing interest, providers must evaluate potential risks and benefits of these therapies. This article describes challenges of a feasibility study of acupuncture as a potential therapeutic adjunct to prevent atrial fibrillation following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Institutional review board approval, consent logistics, implementation issues, and rapid changes in clinical practice were the primary challenges faced. Unique technological features of the institution helped address these challenges. The study protocol was acceptable to staff, patients, and family and was considered safe for these patients. However, the protocol was not feasible as designed; therefore, the efficacy of acupuncture could not be determined. Continued research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture to prevent atrial fibrillation following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Recommendations for future studies of complementary and alternative therapies in acute and critical care settings are offered.