Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A computer-implemented protocol for treatment of naming disorders: Evaluation of clinician-guided and partially self-guided instruction

Background: Computer-based rehabilitation programs are now available for patients' use at home and in the clinical setting, yet we have meagre outcome data associated with their usefulness under self- and/or clinician-guided conditions. Aims: We assess the benefits of a computer-delivered, hierarchical phonological cueing protocol (cued naming) under two conditions of instruction, (1) with full clinician guidance or (2) in partial independence. Methods & procedures: We employed a single-subject experimental design, which was replicated over six chronic aphasic subjects, three in each instruction condition. Subjects with deficits identified as primarily phonological in nature were administered a phonological treatment, utilising a computerised therapy program (MossTalk Words), under one of the two conditions. Outcomes & Results: Training-specific acquisition and maintenance was demonstrated in both conditions. Limited and variable generalisation patterns were noted. Conclusions: Chronic aphasic individuals with moderate-to-severe phonologically based naming impairment can benefit from a computerised cued-naming protocol and independent work on the computer can be an effective adjunct to clinician-guided therapy.
Language and social identity: Introduction: language and the communication of social identity

In this volume we present a series of case studies exploring situations of intergroup communication in modern industrial society. These studies are instances out of which we seek to develop interpretive sociolinguistic approaches to human interaction which account for the role that communicative phenomena play in the exercise of power and control and in the production and reproduction of social identity. Our basic premise is that social processes are symbolic processes but that symbols have meaning only in relation to the forces which control the utilization and allocation of environmental resources. We customarily take gender, ethnicity, and class as given parameters and boundaries within which we create our own social identities. The study of language as interactional discourse demonstrates that these parameters are not constants that can be taken for granted but are communicatively produced. Therefore to understand issues of identity and how they affect and are affected by social, political, and ethnic divisions we need to gain insights into the communicative processes by which they arise. However, communication cannot be studied in isolation; it must be analyzed in terms of its effect on people's lives. We must focus on what communication does: how it constrains evaluation and decision making, not merely how it is structured. We therefore begin with materials or texts collected in strategic research sites which exemplify the problems we seek to deal with.
The VOT of the Hungarian voiceless plosives in careful and spontaneous speech

This paper aims at investigating the acoustic properties of VOTs of the three Hungarian voiceless stops (using the CSL50 device) when appearing in isolation (in syllables and in words) but also when occurring in spontaneous speech (5 female teachers served as subjects). The results of the acoustic analysis show a clear difference between careful and spontaneous speech. Bilabials and velars are significantly shorter in fluent speech while dentals seem to be unchanged. Therefore, the actual duration of VOT is characteristic of the place of the articulation of stops in spontaneous speech while VOTs of bilabials and dentals do not differ from each other in careful speech. Vowels following the stops influence them more in careful than in spontaneous speech, which can also be explained by the experimentally confirmed phenomenon of the changing quality of the present-day Hungarian vowels into the neutral vowel. Voice onset time is a specific feature of the Hungarian plosive consonants and its values significantly differ from those of most languages in the world.
Night-Break Experiments Shed Light on the Photoperiod1-Mediated Flowering1[OPEN]

Interruptions of long nights by short pulses of light (“night-break”) for several days accelerates wheat flowering, but only in the presence of the PHOTOPERIOD1 gene. Plants utilize variation in day length (photoperiod) to anticipate seasonal changes. They respond by modulating their growth and development to maximize seed production, which in cereal crops is directly related to yield. In wheat (Triticum aestivum), the acceleration of flowering under long days (LD) is dependent on the light induction of PHOTOPERIOD1 (PPD1) by phytochromes. Under LD, PPD1 activates FLOWERING LOCUS T1 (FT1), a mobile signaling protein that travels from the leaves to the shoot apical meristem to promote flowering. Here, we show that the interruption of long nights by short pulses of light (“night-break” [NB]) accelerates wheat flowering, suggesting that the duration of the night is critical for wheat photoperiodic response. PPD1 transcription was rapidly upregulated by NBs, and the magnitude of this induction increased with the length of darkness preceding the NB. Cycloheximide abolished the NB up-regulation of PPD1, suggesting that this process is dependent on active protein synthesis during darkness. While one NB was sufficient to induce PPD1, more than 15 NBs were required to induce high levels of FT1 expression and a strong acceleration of flowering. Multiple NBs did not affect the expression of core circadian clock genes. The acceleration of flowering by NB disappeared in ppd1-null mutants, demonstrating that this response is mediated by PPD1. The acceleration of flowering was strongest when NBs were applied in the middle of the night, suggesting that in addition to PPD1, other circadian-controlled factors are required for the up-regulation of FT1 expression and the acceleration of flowering.
Proteomics analysis of malignant and benign prostate tissue by 2D DIGE/MS reveals new insights into proteins involved in prostate cancer

The key to a more effective diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic management of prostate cancer (PCa) could lie in the direct analysis of cancer tissue. In this study, by comparative proteomics analysis of PCa and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) tissues we attempted to elucidate the proteins and regulatory pathways involved in this disease.
The Role of Linguistic Dominance in the Acquisition of Song

There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that there is a developmental sequence in children's singing, with certain singing behaviours having developmental primacy over others. The research literature indicates that, when learning songs, children first focus on the linguistic features, then rhythm, and finally the pitch and melodic attributes. This theorised hierarchy was examined as part of a larger study of singing development in early childhood in which a longitudinal sample (n=184) were assessed on a variety of vocal pitch matching tasks during each year of their first three years at school, i.e. at age five, six and seven years. In each year of testing, the assessment protocol embraced a specially-designed test battery and two sample songs. The protocol was constructed so that the test battery items (pitch glides, pitch patterns and single pitches) were deconstructed features of the two test songs, thus enabling an analysis to be made of the effects of the task on vocal pitch matching performance. The results suggest that children enter school with a clear disposition towards learning the words of the songs. In general, this ability is not matched by an ability to learn and reproduce the melodic components of the test songs. It is only in the third year of schooling that vocal pitch matching in song singing improves, but this particular ability is still significantly less well developed than that for learning and reproducing the words. 'For singers are given honour and respect by all people on the earth, since the Muse has taught them their songs, and she loves the race of singers' (Homer Odyssey) 1
A study of high school dropouts.

Concern over the national high school the complex nature of the problem, dropout problem continues to grow as because it is not helpful to regard increasing attention is being focused on dropping out as a single, impulsive retaining marginal students. Historidecision (Garni, 1980). How students cally, the public has measured school perceive themselves in conjunction success by standardized test scores. with the school experience has been This definition of success bypassed found to be particularly important, marginal students because of their inStudents' motivation may be decreased ability to perform well on such tests. As by the school process, not by learning a consequence, school systems may not (Self, 1985). Dropouts seem to sub have emphasized their holding power scribe to a self-concept as loners, some because of the likelihood of poorer times rejecting both the school and self performing students contributing to a (Hedman, 1984). Many at-risk students less favorable evaluation of schools feel little respect and interest from (Bateman, 1985). school administrators and teachers. In an effort to keep the dropout Consequently, the potential dropout issue before the public, much research may be more a victim of a lack of has been conducted on identifying the understanding than a student with a characteristics of potential dropouts. learning problem (Pittman, 1986). An Characteristics typically designated as example of this is when students' cul descriptive of this at-risk population tural experiences conflict with school include larger numbers of boys than norms (Schwabach, 1985). girls, lower socioeconomic levels, preDropout intervention programs vious failures, poor grades, monetary have been developed out of descriptive difficulties, behavior problems, borestudies. Typical components of these dom, problems with school staff, poor attendance, and substance abuse (Klein, 1977; Peng & Takai, 1983; Lisa J. Bearden is director of the IndustriallOc Presholdt & Fisher, 1983). cupational Medicine Department, Montgomery
Applying cognitive linguistics to teaching the Spanish prepositions por and para

L2 prepositions are traditionally taught in a non-explanatory manner by having students learn each use individually. This study examines the effectiveness of an alternative explanatory approach based on cognitive linguistics, which considers the multiple uses of a preposition as related. Consequently, learners can be shown a general schema that underlies all the uses, as opposed to treating them as unrelated items. Two groups of intermediate-level university Spanish learners were taught the prepositions por and para using a cognitive linguistic description, while a comparison group was given a list of the different uses as individual items to memorise. Although both groups increased in their accuracy of response to a fill-in-the-blank and a multiple-choice task following instruction, the experimental groups were able to maintain or improve their performance on the delayed post-test, while the comparison group decreased significantly in accuracy. The experimental groups were also more certain about the accuracy of their answers and were less likely to confuse por and para in free writing. Factors that may have influenced the results include the content and delivery method of the treatment, learner cognitive styles and problems with applying cognitive linguistic models of prepositions to language pedagogy.
Mood and mental effort : informational mood impact on cardiovascular reactivity and the context-dependency of moods

This thesis goal was to test the role of mood in the mobilisation of mental effort. Based on the Mood-Behavior-Model, study 1 intended to clarify that mood effects on effort mobilization are context-dependent; study 2 was designed to provide a more conclusive test of mood informational impact on behavior-related judgments; and studies 3 and 4 manipulated judgment context itself, while accounting for the context-dependency of moods. Effort mobilization was operationalized as cardiovascular reactivity. Results support that: 1) moods by themselves are not stable motivational states; 2) effort mobilization only occurs in contexts that explicitly demand effort; 3) mood will only be used as information for demand appraisals and effort mobilization if people remain unaware of their affective state; 4) mood’s effect on effort mobilization is context-dependent. Thus, moods per se do not involve effort-related autonomic adjustments, but they can impact effort-related autonomic reactivity during task performance and self-regulation.
Virtual Worlds and Course Dialogue

Abstract This study explores the effects of the use of Second Life (SL) as a learning environment on a course's dialogue. An experimental design within groups was used with thirty-seven graduate students for three weeks. Half of them followed the course activities in the official Learning Management System (LMS) of the program, Blackboard Vista, and the other half in the 3D Virtual World (VW), SL. Results revealed significant differences in the copresence of the two groups, which can be explained by sensory and availability factors of the media used. The study also detected qualitative differences in students' collaboration in the two environments and in their satisfaction with interaction. The findings support the use of 3D Virtual Learning Environments (3DVEs) for instruction and teamwork in distance education in a blended mode setting.
Modulation of Host Cell Endocytosis by the Type III Cytotoxin, Pseudomonas ExoS

Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoS is a bifunctional type III cytotoxin that possesses Rho GTPase‐activating protein (RhoGAP) and ADP‐ribosyltransferase (ADPr) activities. In the current study, the RhoGAP and ADPr activities of ExoS were tested for the ability to disrupt mammalian epithelial cell physiology. RhoGAP, but not ADPr, inhibited internalization/phagocytosis of bacteria, while ADPr, but not RhoGAP, inhibited vesicle trafficking, both general fluid‐phase uptake and EGF‐activated EGF receptor (EGFR) degradation. In ADPr‐intoxicated cells, upon EGF activation, EGFR co‐localized with clathrin‐coated vesicles (CCV), which did not mature into Rab5‐positive early endosomes. Constitutively, active Rab5 recruited EGFR from CCV to early endosomes. Consistent with the inhibition of Rab5 function by ADPr, several Rab proteins including Rab5 and 9, but not Rab4, were ADP ribosylated by ExoS. Thus, the two enzymatic activities of ExoS have different effects on epithelial cells with RhoGAP inhibiting bacterial internalization and ADPr interfering with CCV maturation. The ability ADPr to inhibit mammalian vesicle trafficking provides a new mechanism for bacterial toxin‐mediated virulence.
The use of pseudo pressure in authenticating smartphone users

In this article, we present a new user authentication technique for touchscreen-based smartphone users that augments pseudo touch pressure as an extra security measure to the conventional digit-lock technique. The new technique enhances security by offering more unique password combinations than the most popular ones, by making each password specific to its owner, and by reducing the threat of smudge attacks. A study comparing the new technique with the digit-lock technique showed that overall it is slower and more error-prone, but performs substantially better in short term. Also, most users felt more secure using it and wanted to use it dominantly on their smartphones. A second study confirmed that it does enhance security by making it relatively more resistant to smudge attacks and less vulnerable to situations where attackers are already in possession of users' passwords.
Highly polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM-H) is expressed by newly generated granule cells in the dentate gyrus of the adult rat

We have found in the adult rat that the persistent expression of a highly polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM-H) that is generally specific to developing tissues, remains restrictively in the cells of the deepest portion of the dentate granular layer. Since the granule cells are known to continue to be generated in this region during the adult period, we have tried to determine whether NCAM-H is expressed by newly generated granule cells. Immunoelectron microscopic observation revealed that about half of the NCAM-H-expressing cells had the features of dentate granule cells, and that the rest of these cells appeared to be immature cells. Double immunostaining for NCAM-H and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) revealed that the NCAM-H- expressing cells differed from GFAP-positive glial cells. In rats injected with 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) at post-natal day 35, double immunostaining for NCAM-H and BrdU demonstrated that the BrdU- labeled cells expressed NCAM-H at 12 d after the injection but not at 80 d. These results provide the first direct evidence that NCAM-H is expressed transiently by newly generated granule cells that may add new neuronal circuits to the adult hippocampal formation.
LEGITIMATION EFFECTS IN THE MARKET FOR INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS

In this study, we argue that media-provided information affects investors’ impressions of newly public firms. In 225 initial public offerings (IPOs), the volume of mediaprovided information had a negative, diminishing relationship with underpricing and a positive, diminishing relationship with stock turnover on the first day of trading. The relationship between the tenor of media-provided information and underpricing increases at a nonlinear rate, and decreases similarly for turnover. Findings provide important evidence that publicly available information not only reflects IPOs’ legitimacy, but also adds to their legitimacy and influences investor behavior.
Recent Advancement of Understanding Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes and Potential Relevance to Diabetic Nephropathy

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease characterized by progressive destruction of pancreatic beta cells by genetic and environmental factors which leads to an absolute dependence of insulin for survival and maintenance of health. Although the majority of mechanisms of beta cell destruction remain unclear, many molecules, including proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, are implicated in the development of beta cell damage. Furthermore, beta cell destruction is enhanced by the Th1 and Th17 subsets of CD4+ T cells. In contrast, there are mechanisms involved in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance by regulatory T cells, the function of which depends on the pleiotropic cytokine transforming growth factor beta. Development and progression of renal injuries in patients with diabetic nephropathy are also associated with several growth factors and proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, insulin-like growth factor-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta. Although the pathogenic mechanisms underlying type 1 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy are principally different, i.e., autoimmunity and inflammation, some common factors, including susceptibility genes and proinflammatory cytokines, are involved in both mechanisms, including infiltrating cell recruitment, upregulation of other cytokines and chemokines, or apoptosis.
Diadenosine pentaphosphate is a potent activator of cardiac ryanodine receptors revealing a novel high‐affinity binding site for adenine nucleotides

Background and purpose: Diadenosine polyphosphates are normally present in cells at low levels, but significant increases in concentrations can occur during cellular stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of diadenosine pentaphosphate (Ap5A) and an oxidized analogue, oAp5A on the gating of sheep cardiac ryanodine receptors (RyR2).
The Birth of the Gods Revisited: A Partial Replication of Guy Swanson's (1960) Cross-Cultural Study of Religion

Guy Swanson's classic study The Birth of the Gods provides a general theory and set of hypotheses about the origins of religious beliefs that have found wide acceptance in the sociological and anthropological study of religion. Although these hypotheses seem both logical and persuasive, the cross-cultural methods Swanson used to evaluate them seem less compelling. This article examines Swanson's sample and methodology, and, through a replication employing a sample of 72 native North American societies, finds several significant problems in Swanson's work. However, the rep lication also demonstrates that, despite methodological problems, Swanson's hypothesis concerning beliefs in a high god are sup ported. The implications of this partial replication, both for our interpretation of Swanson's work and for our understanding of the origins of religious beliefs, are explored.
Efficient Event Detection for the Blogosphere

In this paper we come up with a novel approach for the early detection of events in blog entries. The detection of trend is already discussed pretty often. Nevertheless, in our understanding the detection of events goes one step further. The presented algorithms detects unique happenings at a given point in time by perceiving unusual frequent occurrences of words or word groups. We introduce an implementation of our algorithm, making use of the SAP HANA database in order to achieve high performance and the ability to answer live queries for events.
Comparability of TOEFL CBT Writing Prompts for Different Native Language Groups

This study has investigated the comparability of computer-based testing writing prompts in the Test of English as a Foreign LanguageTM (TOEFL) for examinees of different native language backgrounds. A total of 81 writing prompts introduced from July 1998 through August 2000 were examined using a 3-step logistic regression procedure for ordinal items. An English language ability (ELA) variable was created by summing the standardized TOEFL Reading, Listening, and Structure scale scores. This ELA variable was used to match examinees of East Asian (Chinese, Japanese, and Korean) and European (German, French, and Spanish) language groups. Although about one third of the 81 prompts were initially flagged because of statistically significant group effects; the effect sizes were too small for any of those flagged prompts to be classified as having an important group effect.
Evaluating Factors Associated with the Career Maturity of High School Students.

This study evaluated the career maturity and career decision-making attributional style of high school students in an ethnically diverse, southeastern urban school system. Participants provided information about sex, age, current class standing, ethnic background, type of diploma sought, career goal, and grade point average and completed the Assessment of Attributions for Career Decision Making (Luzzo & Jenkins-Smith, 1998) and the revised Career Maturity Inventory (Crites & Savickas, 1995). Results indicated a significant, positive relationship between career maturity and an optimistic attributional style. Young men perceived more control over their career decision making than did young women. Suggestions for counselors are discussed.
Long-Term Stability of Metal Lines, Polysilicon Gauges, and Ohmic Contacts for Harsh-Environment Pressure Sensors

This paper presents a study on the long-term stability of AlTi (with a TiW diffusion barrier) metal lines, polysilicon gauges, and metal on polysilicon contacts resistances for piezoresistive pressure sensors operating in harsh environments. Test structures have been exposed at 150 degC for a cumulated time of almost five months. Only the polysilicon resistivity proved to be stable over time, metal lines, and ohmic-contacts resistances showing irreversible drifts. Finally, the influence of such drifts over the long-term offset stability of piezoresistive pressure sensors has been discussed