Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DIFERENCIAS DE EDAD Y GÉNERO EN COMPORTAMIENTO SOCIAL, TEMPERAMENTO Y REGULACIÓN EMOCIONAL EN NIÑOS ARGENTINOS

The purpose of this study was to assess the differences in terms of age, gender and socioeconomic background in social behavior (social skills and behavior problems), focused attention, inhibitory control, positive and negative emotionality and regulation of positive and negative emotions in Argentinean children aged 3, 5 and 7 years. A developmental cross-sectional study was carried out where the parents and teachers of 623 children participated. Parents reported on socio-demographic issues, children’s temperament and emotional processes, while teachers provided information on children’s social behavior. Comparisons between groups were conducted by analysis of variance. The most marked differences were attributed, firstly, to children’s age, and secondly, to gender. Overall, the children aged three showed a lower performance than the other groups, but development was not linear on all the processes, as the children aged five showed a similar or better performance than the children aged seven when considering several variables.
Predicting life satisfaction among adolescents from immigrant families in Norway.

OBJECTIVE To find out the degree of life satisfaction among adolescents with immigrant background, and the factors that may predict the level of life satisfaction among them. METHOD Five hundred and six adolescents (mean age = 15.34, SD = 1.67) with immigrant background from Vietnam, Pakistan, Chile and Turkey were recruited from five major Norwegian cities, and were asked to fill in a questionnaire with several measures, including demographic information, life satisfaction, acculturation strategies, ethnic identity and mastery. A control group involving 209 Norwegian youth were also included in the study. RESULTS On the whole the adolescents with immigrant background were found to be fairly satisfied with their life (M = 3.55, SD = 0.81). Using Socio-Economic Status as covariance, adolescents with immigrant background did not differ from their Norwegian counterparts on life satisfaction level (F = 0.58, p > 0.05). Chileans were found to be the most satisfied group, and Vietnamese the least satisfied. The higher life satisfaction among Chileans compared with the other ethnic groups is viewed as a possible selection bias. While demographic factors accounted for just 4% of the explained variance, personal factors accounted for over 20% of the explained variance. Mastery (beta = 0.39) and ethnic identity (beta = 0.17) were the two most important predictors of life satisfaction. Living in an ethnically homogenous neighbourhood was also found to be related to life satisfaction. Perceived discrimination and integration as an acculturation strategy were not related to life satisfaction. CONCLUSION The study concludes that helping adolescents with immigrant background to develop a good sense of mastery and a positive ethnic identity will go a long way to boost their life satisfaction.
Obesity Discrimination in the Recruitment Process: “You’re Not Hired!”

Previous literature reports that obese persons are discriminated in the workplace. Evidence suggests that obese people are perceived as having less leadership potential, and in comparison to normal weight peers, are expected to be less successful. This study examined whether obese people are discriminated against when applying for employment. Three hypotheses were offered in line with previous research: (1) obese people are less likely to be assessed positively on personnel suitability than normal weight people; (2) obese people in active employment are more likely to be discriminated against than people in non-active employment; and (3) obese women are more likely to be discriminated against than obese men. 181 Participants were sampled from sedentary, standing, manual and heavy manual occupations. Participants rated hypothetical candidates on their suitability for employment. Employees also completed measures of implicit and explicit attitudes toward obesity. MANOVA was conducted to examine if obese candidates were discriminated against during the recruitment procedure. Results demonstrated that participants rated obese candidates as less suitable compared with normal weight candidates and when the weight status of the candidate was not revealed for work across the four workplace groups. Participant gender and weight status also impacted perceptions of candidates’ suitability for work and discrimination toward obese candidates was higher in participants from more physically demanding occupations. The study findings contribute to evidence that obese people are discriminated against in the hiring process and support calls for policy development.
Views on interracial dating among Chinese and European Canadians: The roles of culture, gender, and mainstream cultural identity

The present study examines cross-cultural and gender differences in the norms regarding interracial dating among Chinese and European Canadians. In response to a scenario describing an interracial dating conflict between a young adult and his/her parents, Chinese Canadians gave greater support to parents than did European Canadians, who in turn gave greater support to the young adult than did Chinese Canadians. With regard to self-report measures of views on interracial dating, Chinese Canadian males showed less favorable attitudes towards interracial dating than all other groups and showed less openness to interracial dating than did European Canadian males. Among Chinese Canadians only, endorsement of Canadian identity made a contribution above and beyond family allocentrism to the prediction of all measures assessing views on interracial dating.
Partners in Marriage: An Analysis of Husbands' and Wives' Retirement Behavior

The goal of this analysis is to compare the retirement behavior of husbands and wives. Hypotheses are offered to describe two sets of factors associated with retirement of husbands and wives. These are included in the usual modes of retirement hypothesis and the new modes of retirement hypothesis. Using data from the 1992 Health and Retirement Survey, multinomial models are estimated to assess whether various personal, spousal, and familial factors are related to retirement status. Results indicate that in addition to personal characteristics, wives'retirement status is related to familial factors, economic resources, and spouses' personal characteristics supporting the new modes of retirement hypothesis. Husbands differ mainly in that familial and spousal attributes have more limited relationships with retirement behavior thereby supporting the usual modes of retirement hypothesis.
Nonlinear and Noncompensatory Models in User Information Satisfaction Measurement

This study applies nonlinear and noncompensatory models to examine how users evaluate their satisfaction with their information systems (IS) environment. Several instruments have been developed in the literature to measure user information satisfaction (UIS). These instruments measure user satisfaction by asking respondents to rate their satisfaction/dissatisfaction with a variety of IS attributes; e.g., EDP services, EDP staff, information product, and involvement in IS development. These responses are then combined linearly to develop a surrogate measure for UIS satisfaction. This linear model is derived from Anderson's information theory (Anderson 1981) and based on the assumption that each attribute judgment has a conditionally monotone relationship with the UIS evaluation. However, the literature on attitude formation and decision making suggests that other nonlinear and noncompensatory models are available to decision makers for combining information and are used frequently in attitude formation. In this study, we use two sets of data to examine the linear model and five nonlinear models of decision making to evaluate whether nonlinear models are more effective in predicting a user's overall satisfaction with information systems. First, responses from faculty members at an academic institution were used to test each model. All the nonlinear models were more efficient predictors than the linear models. In addition, two nonlinear models-the multiplicative and the scatter models-best represented the data with square multiple correlations of 0.69 and 0.68, as compared to the linear model which had an R2 of 0.61. Second, data from a previous study (Galletta and Lederer 1989) were analyzed to examine whether nonlinear models were more efficient. Data for this study were collected using the short version of the Bailey and Pearson (1983) UIS instrument. Results of the analysis from the full and cross-validation samples show that nonlinear, noncompensatory models performed at par or better than the linear model.
Oligomerization of Alzheimer's β-Amyloid within Processes and Synapses of Cultured Neurons and Brain

Multiple lines of evidence implicate β-amyloid (Aβ) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the mechanisms whereby Aβ is involved remain unclear. Addition of Aβ to the extracellular space can be neurotoxic. Intraneuronal Aβ42 accumulation is also associated with neurodegeneration. We reported previously that in Tg2576 amyloid precursor protein mutant transgenic mice, brain Aβ42 localized by immunoelectron microscopy to, and accumulated with aging in, the outer membranes of multivesicular bodies, especially in neuronal processes and synaptic compartments. We now demonstrate that primary neurons from Tg2576 mice recapitulate the in vivo localization and accumulation of Aβ42 with time in culture. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Aβ42 aggregates into oligomers within endosomal vesicles and along microtubules of neuronal processes, both in Tg2576 neurons with time in culture and in Tg2576 and human AD brain. These Aβ42 oligomer accumulations are associated with pathological alterations within processes and synaptic compartments in Tg2576 mouse and human AD brains.
Phase II Trial of Dasatinib for Patients with Acquired Resistance to Treatment with the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Erlotinib or Gefitinib

Introduction: Dual inhibition of SRC- and EGFR-dependent pathways may overcome acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) for patients with lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutations. The SRC inhibitor dasatinib demonstrates antitumor activity in gefitinib-resistant cells lines and xenografts. Dasatinib is tolerable for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, and in combination with erlotinib. Methods: We conducted this phase II study of dasatinib 70 mg twice daily in patients with EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma and acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs. After a protocol amendment based on evolving data about both drugs, patients received dasatinib at a dose of 100 mg daily with continued erlotinib after developing acquired resistance. Enrolled patients either harbored an activating mutation in EGFR or experienced clinical benefit with single-agent erlotinib or gefitinib, followed by RECIST documented progression while being treated with an EGFR-TKI. Results: Twenty-one patients were enrolled, 9 under the original trial design and 12 after the protocol amendments. We observed no complete or partial responses (0% observed rate, 95% confidence interval: 0–18%). The median time to progression was 0.5 months (range, 0.2–1.8 months) in patients treated with dasatinib and 0.9 months (range, 0.4–5 months) for patients treated with dasatinib and erlotinib in combination. Pleural effusions and dyspnea were frequent toxicities. Conclusions: Dasatinib has no activity in patients with EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma with acquired resistance to erlotinib and gefitinib.
Answering Pattern Queries Using Views

Answering queries using views has proven effective for querying relational and semistructured data. This paper investigates this issue for graph pattern queries based on graph simulation. We propose a notion of pattern containment to characterize graph pattern matching using graph pattern views. We show that a pattern query can be answered using a set of views if and only if it is contained in the views. Based on this characterization, we develop efficient algorithms to answer graph pattern queries. We also study problems for determining (minimal, minimum) containment of pattern queries. We establish their complexity (from cubic-time to NP-complete) and provide efficient checking algorithms (approximation when the problem is intractable). In addition, when a pattern query is not contained in the views, we study maximally contained rewriting to find approximate answers; we show that it is in cubic-time to compute such rewriting, and present a rewriting algorithm. We experimentally verify that these methods are able to efficiently answer pattern queries on large real-world graphs.
Personalidad y rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios

The correlations among personality, academic performance and other variables in 170 university students were studied, using two instruments validated into the population: the NEOPJ-R, and the EPPS. Other variables as age, study level, self perception of academic achievement and self perception of motivation, and sources of support were included. Jt was confirmed the reliability and validity of both tests and the correlations between them. The results showed associations among academic performance and conscientiousness, endurance,change, and aggression. The academic performance was better explained by achievements triving, deliberation, change, self perception of academic achievement and age.
Living With Community Violence: A Conversation With Primary School Children in Kingston’s Inner City

The constant exposure of children to community violence is an issue of great concern worldwide. Kingston, Jamaica, is one of the most violent cities in the Western Hemisphere, and children are exposed to acts of extreme brutality with considerable regularity. Using a qualitative methodology, this article seeks to examine the manner in which young Jamaican children, in one of Kingston’s most violent communities seek to make sense of what is taking place around them. A number of themes are identified within this struggle as the children are deeply affected by the violence that is a part of their daily existence. There is a need for urgent crisis intervention as the persistence of community violence in Kingston shows little sign of abating.
A Response to Harel, Hope, and Schwartz

A seminar held in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in December 2012 discussed critical comments by Alon Harel, Simon Hope, and Daniel Schwartz on themes and theses in Human Rights and Common Good, volume III of Collected Essays of John Finnis (Oxford University Press, 2011). Revised versions of these comments, and of the response I gave at this seminar, are now published in the Jerusalem Review of Legal Studies. The Response retains the informal and engaged character of this very good academic occasion. Section I considers Harel’s thesis that judicial review of legislation can be defended because my “in-authenticity” critique of it (in the Maccabaean Lecture 1985) applies a fortiori to the legislative articulation of human rights. Section II considers Harel’s thesis that my account of punishment is a “consequentialism” of “harmony”. Section III considers Schwartz’s thesis that the principle of subsidiarity is an insufficient restraint on governmental action. Section IV considers Harel’s and incidentally Hope’s theses on sex ethics (particularly their thesis that same-sex relations and marriage are morally acceptable), an ethics of fundamental and great importance for social-political life and theory. Section V considers Hope’s thesis that our understanding of basic human goods cannot be disentangled from the local morality or moralities in which we grew up – or at least, cannot be disentangled sufficiently to provide us with moral guidance.
Young People’s Urban Im/Mobilities: Relationality and Identity Formation

There is a mobility turn in the social sciences affecting how we scrutinise, research and represent the city. In recent scholarship on mobilities, global human mobilities have been identified as predominant. Nevertheless there have been calls for research that focuses on issues relating to everyday transportation, materialities and the spatial contexts of im/mobilities. This article is a response to those calls with a specific focus on young people’s local experiences of urban im/mobilities. It is also a challenge to the lack of attention afforded young people by urban studies. Young urbanites are of an age where personal physical mobility to take advantage of all the resources, recreation and sociality offered by an urban landscape is an important part of ‘growing up’ and identity formation. Utilising two of mobility studies’ conceptualisations, relationality and identity formation, this article examines young Aucklanders’ im/mobilities through urban space.
The Effects of NCLB on School Resources and Practices

A number of studies have examined the impact of school accountability policies, including No Child Left Behind (NCLB), on student achievement. However, there is relatively little evidence on how school accountability reforms and NCLB, in particular, have influenced education policies and practices. This study examines the effects of NCLB on multiple district, school, and teacher traits using district-year financial data and pooled cross sections of teacher and principal surveys. Our results indicate that NCLB increased per-pupil spending by nearly $600, which was funded primarily through increased state and local revenue. We find that NCLB increased teacher compensation and the share of elementary school teachers with advanced degrees but had no effects on class size. We also find that NCLB did not influence overall instructional time in core academic subjects but did lead schools to reallocate time away from science and social studies and toward the tested subject of reading.
Self-Discrepancies and the Situational Domains of Social Phobia

The present study explored whether particular discrepancies among an individual's self-beliefs, as described by Higgins’ (1987) Self-Discrepancy Theory, were differentially related to the two broad situational domains of social anxiety: performance and social interaction anxiety. Fifteen people (4 males) with a primary diagnosis of GSP from Macquarie University's Emotional Health Clinic, and 25 undergraduate psychology students from Macquarie University (8 males) with mean chronological ages of 31.7 and 20.6 years respectively, participated in the study. As predicted, the study found that the ‘actual/other:ought/other’ self-discrepancy was uniquely related to performance anxiety, the ‘actual/own:ought/other’ self-discrepancy was uniquely associated with social interaction anxiety, and the ‘actual/own:ideal/own’ self-discrepancy was uniquely associated with depression. The results are discussed in terms of their unique contribution to Self-Discrepancy Theory research, the current empirical debate regarding the existence of subtypes within social phobia, and their implications for the cognitive models and treatment of social anxiety.
A Graph-Based Algorithm for Cluster Detection

In some Computer Vision applications there is the need for grouping, in one or more clusters, only a part of the whole dataset. This happens, for example, when samples of interest for the application at hand are present together with several noisy samples. In this paper we present a graph-based algorithm for cluster detection that is particularly suited for detecting clusters of any size and shape, without the need of specifying either the actual number of clusters or the other parameters. The algorithm has been tested on data coming from two different computer vision applications. A comparison with other four state-of-the-art graph-based algorithms was also provided, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
The Portrayal of the Environment and Development in Two Commercial Movies

Abstract Past content analysis of media concentrated on books, magazines, and TV. Research on movies was not well reported in the literature. In this study, the author examined portrayals of environment and development in two commercial movies and constructed enumeration units from directional categories (unfavorable, neutral, favorable). He devised spatial and temporal units of analysis and found that the two movies differed considerably in their portrayal of the issues, presumably because of their targeted audiences. Because audiovisual media have increased in popularity as a teaching medium and as a means of educating the general public on certain environmental and social issues, the author suggests that further research is necessary.
Patterns of Cultural Choice

Introducing this joint effort to account empirically for taste, Peterson advances the concept “patterns of cultural choice,” and contrasts it with “lifestyle,”“subculture,”“culture class,”“taste culture,” and “status group. ” He then introduces the eight research articles, which employ alternative strategies of isolating choice patterns.
The Social Identity Politics of Peer Networks

Building on recent studies of social pressure and group conformity in peer groups, I apply a social identity framework from social psychology to the study of political networks. Using the American National Election Studies (ANES) 2008-2009 Panel Study, I test several hypotheses regarding the relationship between peer networks, the salience of partisan identity, and the consequences for intergroup attitudinal and affective polarization. The findings suggest that peer network homogeneity produces the strongest association with more salient partisan identities across several network characteristics, including cohesiveness, sophistication, and density. Both the salience of partisan identities and network homogeneity are also linked to significant intergroup polarization, that is, differences in in-group and out-group partisan affect. The current research contributes to the existing literature on political networks by highlighting the role of social identities and providing a theoretical framework worth considering for future research.
Electron back‐scattering diffraction (EBSD) measurements of antigorite lattice‐preferred orientations (LPO)

Lattice preferred orientations of serpentines induce a strong anisotropy of various properties in serpentine bearing‐rocks. Lattice preferred orientations had so far been obtained only by X‐ray diffraction techniques. We have applied electron back‐scattering diffraction to the measurement of the lattice preferred orientations of antigorite in a naturally deformed high‐pressure serpentinite. This technique is very sensitive to sample preparation that can lead to surface amorphization in the case of serpentine. A polishing procedure is described that avoids amorphization and allows accurate electron back‐scattering diffraction measurements with optimized experimental conditions in a variable pressure scanning electron microscope. Results indicate that deformation leads to lattice preferred orientations characterized by extremely strong c‐axis clustering perpendicular to the foliation, as expected for a layered silicate. In the foliation plane, a significant clustering of the a‐axis is observed and tentatively attributed to intracrystalline deformation mechanisms. These data suggest that antigorite deforms mostly by gliding along the basal plane of the layered phyllosilicate structure, but that gliding may occur along directions favouring a‐axis alignment. Electron back‐scattering diffraction appears to be a reliable method for determining phyllosilicate lattice preferred orientations in deformed rocks, with potential applications for determining anisotropy of properties like seismic velocities or thermal and electrical conductivities.