Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating realistic performance gains of massive multi-user MIMO system in urban city deployments

Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) is one of the key technologies in 5G, and it is envisioned to have superior spectral and energy efficiencies. This paper is the first to evaluate Massive MIMO in realistic performance metrics in heterogeneous urban environments, i.e. 20 Macrocells and 20 Picocells, providing cellular services in the city of Bristol (UK). We base our study on a 3D ray-tracing propagation channel model that uses real city maps. We also convolve our channel model with individual 3D complex polarimetric antenna radiation patterns for both base station (BS) and User Equipment (UE). We consider a system configuration with 128 elements at the BS and up to 16 receive terminals (i.e. 16 single-antenna UEs or 8 dual-antenna UEs). Eigen-beamforming precoding and a Received Bit-level mutual Information Rate (RBIR) based abstraction simulator are used on a system level. Millions of cellular links were simulated to ensure statistically relevant results. We quantify the realistically achievable capacity in terms of cell size, number of user terminals, and rank of the users, as well as the gain over traditional 4G Long-Term Evolution (lTE) networks. Overall, 128Tx-16Rx Massive MIMO (with rank-2 UEs) was found to provide up to 434% and 478% more capacity over traditional LTE Single-User MIMO with 8Tx-8Rx configuration in Macrocells and Picocells respectively.
The duality in South African leadership : Afrocentric or Eurocentric

Cross-cultural leadership studies indicate that cultural differences influence leadership behaviour, and management philosophies typically evolve in harmony with the cultures within which they function. However, although South Africa is a complex amalgam of several cultures, the dominant management practices are, for historical reasons, Anglo-American, and despite the recent changes that have taken place, there is still an overrepresentation of white managers and an under-representation of African black managers. Corporate South Africa is, however, becoming more diverse and inclusive of all race groups, which challenges the dominant management paradigm. This paper highlights some significant differences regarding culture and leadership values between African black and white managers in South Africa. The results show that the culture of white South African managers is largely congruent with Western or Eurocentric management, whereas the culture of black managers differs greatly from that of white managers in South Africa, and is comparable to Afrocentric management. It is recommended that if South African organisations are to survive, leaders need to understand the different expectations of all the people of this country, and leadership needs to "South Africanise" in order to mobilise all people effectively.
Resolving International Conflict: Culture and Business Strategy

To minimise conflict between cultures, you must first analyse - measure even - the differences between them. That is the starting point for the third 1996 Stockton Lecture, reproduced here. The author identifies seven dimensions by which cultures can be distinguished from each otherwhich he defines as: Universalism versus Particularism; Collectivism versus Individualism; Affective versus Neutral relationships; Specificity versus Diffuseness; Achievement versus Ascription; Orientation towards Time; and Internal versus External Control. According to Dr Trompenaars, “Culture is the manner in which these dilemmas are reconciled, since every nation seeks a different and winding path to its own ideals of integrity. ” Not only will conflict be reduced by this reconciliation, he argues, but businesses “will succeed to the extent that this reconciliation occurs. ”
Capital Taxation in the 21st Century

In his influential book, Capital in the 21st Century, Thomas Piketty argues forcefully that rising wealth and wealth inequality is an inherent characteristic of capitalist economies and calls for strong policy responses, in particular a substantial wealth tax implemented globally. This paper takes issue with the facts, logic, and policy conclusions in Piketty’s book, suggesting that the factors needed to support the inexorable rise in capital’s share and concentration are lacking and that among tax policy reforms aimed at dealing with economic inequality a wealth tax finds little support either in Piketty’s own work or elsewhere in the literature.
An inquiry into the strategic‐operational role of performance management in local government

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to investigate the links and relationships between strategy and operations in local government improvement efforts under the umbrella of the Local Government Modernisation Agenda (LGMA) in England. More specifically, it explores the implementation of structured change methods and performance measurement and management initiatives that claim to have a linked strategic and operational focus through to stakeholder impact.Design/methodology/approach – This research adopts an interpretive multiple case approach (n=5), using in‐depth semi‐structured interviews and focus groups, as well as substantive archive information.Findings – The structured integration of strategic level policy‐setting and its associated operational level activity in local authorities is often obscure and lacking in cohesiveness. Performance measurement and management at the strategic level is, for the most part, driven by emerging legislation and the need for compliance rather than improving service effe.
Emerging Market Bond Funds: A Comprehensive Analysis

We analyze U.S.-based emerging market bond funds over a ten-year (1996-2005) complete cycle of ups and downs in the dominant emerging bond markets. Emerging market bond funds outperform comparable domestic and global bond funds. The results are robust across both conditional and unconditional models. The funds also provide international diversification benefits to U.S. and international bond and equity portfolios. The funds exhibit persistence in performance and seasonality. Active funds, large funds and funds with high minimum purchases perform better on a total return basis but not on a risk-adjusted basis. Copyright 2008, The Eastern Finance Association.
Entrepreneurship education : the implementation in Year 1 primary school curriculum in Malaysia : a case study of one district in East Peninsular Malaysia

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in entrepreneurship education and it has taken hold across the world, including Malaysia. In 2011, the Malaysian Ministry of Education (MOE) reformed its primary school curriculum and introduced entrepreneurship education into the new curriculum on a cross-curricular basis. Based on field work undertaken in one of the districts in Malaysia, this study investigates the perceptions of a selected group of respondents concerning the implementation of the government’s new entrepreneurship education programme in Year 1. It looks at respondents’ understanding of the entrepreneurship element, their views on the purpose of its implementation and the pedagogical and political issues faced during the implementation process. The research also focuses on other important theoretical issues including curriculum reform, human capital and entrepreneurship education. This is a qualitative research study using a case study approach. It was conducted based on in-depth interviews with 48 respondents from five different groups of professionals (officers, headteachers, subject teachers, expert teachers and teachers’ trainers). Respondents were selected using different sampling methods and the acquired data were analysed using Nvivo 9 software. A thematic analysis approach was used to identify themes. The findings suggest that there were relatively different views on the concept and purpose of entrepreneurship education. Specific differences between the implementers (the teachers), headteachers and curriculum developers were also identified. Nevertheless, most respondents agreed that the implementation was a positive development and most respondents had similar opinions concerning the cross-curricular approach. As expected, the findings also showed that the lack of monitoring and poor training had slowed down the implementation. Since there has been little research carried out on entrepreneurship education in primary schools especially in Malaysia, this study will be relevant for the design of future policies in the region and future academic research. It not only reveals the respondents’ perceptions and the actual practice in schools, but it also contributes to the body of knowledge on entrepreneurship education and curriculum reform for future reference.
Female Breast Masses During Childhood: A 25-Year Review

Thirty females were treated at our unit with the diagnosis of breast mass between 1970 and 1995. Twenty-seven girls had surgical intervention; for fibroadenoma (n = 14), cystosarcoma phylloides (n = 5), fibrocystic disease (n = 4), intraductal papilloma (n = 2), metastatic carcinoma (n = 1) and fat necrosis (n = 1), while three patients with fibroadenoma were managed nonoperatively. Surgical complications included a nipple slough and hematoma requiring surgical drainage in two patients after the excision of giant fibroadenomas. Our experience revealed that most of the breast masses can be handled operatively through a circumareolar incision without any major complications. Protection of the developing breast bud, nipple and areola is as important as the appropriate excision of the lesion. A detailed physical examination accompanied with ultrasound scan is sufficient for the correct diagnosis in most cases. Female adolescents presenting with fibroadenoma, fibrocystic disease and cystosarcoma phylloides should undergo surgery after a reasonable observation period of 3-4 menstrual cycles. Excision of discrete, undiagnosed breast masses is warranted. This is indicated first to define the pathology and rule out the rare malignancy, second to obviate enlargement and asymmetry, and third to allay the apprehension of the child and family.
The genome as a life-history character: why rate of molecular evolution varies between mammal species

DNA sequences evolve at different rates in different species. This rate variation has been most closely examined in mammals, revealing a large number of characteristics that can shape the rate of molecular evolution. Many of these traits are part of the mammalian life-history continuum: species with small body size, rapid generation turnover, high fecundity and short lifespans tend to have faster rates of molecular evolution. In addition, rate of molecular evolution in mammals might be influenced by behaviour (such as mating system), ecological factors (such as range restriction) and evolutionary history (such as diversification rate). I discuss the evidence for these patterns of rate variation, and the possible explanations of these correlations. I also consider the impact of these systematic patterns of rate variation on the reliability of the molecular date estimates that have been used to suggest a Cretaceous radiation of modern mammals, before the final extinction of the dinosaurs.
1H and 31P Spectroscopic Imaging of Epilepsy: Spectroscopic and Histologic Correlations

Summary: Although MRS measurements are useful in assessing the biochemical alterations underlying human epilepsy, to date their use has been limited primarily by three factors: (a) the lack of widespread methods and appropriate hardware for acquiring high‐resolution spectroscopic imaging data, (b) difficulties in spectral interpretation associated with metabolic heterogeneity, and (c) difficulties in biological interpretation due to a lack of correlative histologic studies. In this work, we (a) describe approaches to overcome these hurdles, and (b) discuss the biological interpretation of the spectroscopic findings in TLE.
A Low pH-Inducible, PhoPQ-Dependent Acid Tolerance Response Protects Salmonella typhimurium against Inorganic Acid Stress

ABSTRACT The acid tolerance response enables Salmonella typhimurium to survive exposures to potentially lethal acidic environments. The acid stress imposed in a typical assay for acid tolerance (log-phase cells in minimal glucose medium) was shown to comprise both inorganic (i.e., low pH) and organic acid components. A gene previously determined to affect acid tolerance, atbR, was identified as pgi, the gene encoding phosphoglucoisomerase. Mutations in pgi were shown to increase acid tolerance by preventing the synthesis of organic acids. Protocols designed to separate the stresses of inorganic from organic acids revealed that the regulators ς38 (RpoS), Fur, and Ada have major effects on tolerance to organic acid stress but only minor effects on inorganic acid stress. In contrast, the two-component regulatory system PhoP (identified as acid shock protein ASP29) and PhoQ proved to be important for tolerance to organic acid stress but had little effect against organic acid stress. PhoP mutants also failed to induce four ASPs, confirming a role for this regulator in acid tolerance. Acid shock induction of PhoP appears to occur at the transcriptional level and requires the PhoPQ system. Furthermore, induction by acid occurs even in the presence of high concentrations of magnesium, the ion known to be sensed by PhoQ. These results suggest that PhoQ can sense both Mg2+ and pH. SincephoP mutants are avirulent, the low pH activation of this system has important implications concerning the pathogenesis ofS. typhimurium. The involvement of four regulators, two of which are implicated in virulence, underscores the complexity of the acid tolerance stress response and further suggests that features of acid tolerance and virulence are interwoven.
Modelling Remittance Flows in Kenya

This paper examines the determinants of migrants' remittances in Kenya. Drawing on data from Central Province, it compares four econometric specifications of the remittance function, finding that failing to account for truncation, sample selection and identification leads to misleading estimates of the remittance-income relationship. It provides empirical support for the view that relations between parents and their sons are partly exchange motivated. Copyright 1992 by Oxford University Press.
Russian Military Modernization

At a time when most Western militaries are contracting and making room for budgetary cuts, the Russian military is going in the opposite direction. Anxious to make its defense capabilities more relevant to the contemporary security environment, the Russian political leadership has pushed for its military to modernize. But many substantial hurdles stand in the way.
Wine tourist motivation and the perceived importance of servicescape: A study conducted in Goa, India

The present paper investigates the relationship between the type of wine tourist motivation and how much importance wine tourists motivated by each type give to the wine servicescape. The underlying assumption is that wine customers driven by the secondary motivators like socialization and entertainment consider servicescape as more important to their satisfaction than their counterparts driven by the primary motivators like wine tasting and wine buying. Empirical examination conducted among wine tourists visiting Goa proves this assumption. Potential implications of the study are also discussed. Keywords: Wine tourism, wine tourist motivation and its components, servicescape, and India.
Formation yields of methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein from the gas-phase reaction of o3 with isoprene.

The formation yields of methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein from the gas-phase reaction of O 3 with isoprene were determined at 296±2 K and 740 Torr total pressure of air. Sufficient cycloherane was added to the reactant mixture to scavenge >97% of the OH radicals formed in the O 3 -isoprene reaction, and secondary reactions of O 3 with methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein were taken into account. The formation yields obtained were 0.159±0.013 for methyl vinyl ketone and 0.387±0.030 for methacrolein. Experiments were also carried out in the absence of added cycloherane, and the methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein data were consistent with formation from both the OH radical and O 3 reactions with isoprene
Management of Alternaria blight of sunflower through fungicides

A field study has been conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Raichur on the management of Alternaria blight on sunflower using 7 fungicides in 3 replications following Randomized Block design. During 2005, Hexaconazole (36.75) was on par with propiconazole (38.85) and recorded significantly least PDI than all other treatments. Yield was significantly superior in propiconazole (10.06 q ha-1) followed by hexaconazole (9.56 q ha-1). During 2006, same trend continued with Hexaconazole (34.51) and propiconazole (36.75) recording significantly least PDI. Yield of sunflower was maximum in propiconazole (9.66 q ha-1), followed by hexaconazole (9.42 q ha-1). Pooled data revealed that hexaconazole (0.1%) and propiconazole (0.1%) recorded significantly lowest PDI (35.63 and 37.80) and highest seed yield (9.49 q ha-1 and 9.86 q ha-1) respectively than all other treatments. The highest benefit cost ratio was observed in hexaconazole, while highest net returns were seen in propiconazole (` 13,804/ha).
Histologic Examination of an Assemblage of Psittacosaurus (Dinosauria: Ceratopsia) Juveniles From the Yixian Formation (Liaoning, China)

Psittacosaurus is one of the most abundant dinosaurs known, which allows for extensive study of its growth and form. Previous studies have evaluated growth trajectories of Psittacosaurus using bone histology. However, we present the first study of Psittacosaurus comparative juvenile histology and describe the histology of Psittacosaurus within its first year of life based on multiple sections taken from an exquisite monospecific assemblage of juveniles from the Yixian Formation in Liaoning, China. Specimens studied had femur lengths ranging from 30 to 36 mm. The five juveniles examined all have similar histologic patterns in the midshaft and epiphyseal regions showing that there is limited plasticity in bone development in juvenile Psittacosaurus and that all of the specimens in the assemblage were likely the same age. The microstructure patterns are compatible with the hypothesis that Psittacosaurus was precocial and that these juveniles were neonates. Based on comparisons with other juvenile ornithischians, juvenile Psittacosaurus had a growth rate similar to Orodromeus, slower than that of Maiasaura, Dysalotosaurus, or hadrosaurs consistent with small body size. Our results support previous studies that demonstrated that the orientation of vascular canals is likely not solely reflective of growth rate, but is also affected by underlying biomechanical, structural processes. The number of studies done on theropod and sauropodomorph histology dwarfs those of ornithischians. More studies of ornithischian histology are necessary in order to better establish phylogenetic trends in microstructure and to learn more about growth in this important clade. Anat Rec, 299:601–612, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mexican Immigration to the United States

From debates on Capitol Hill to the popular media, Mexican immigrants are the subject of widespread controversy. By 2003, their growing numbers accounted for 28.3 percent of all foreign-born inhabitants of the United States. Mexican Immigration to the United States analyzes the astonishing economic impact of this historically unprecedented exodus. Why do Mexican immigrants gain citizenship and employment at a slower rate than non-Mexicans? Does their migration to the U.S. adversely affect the working conditions of lower-skilled workers already residing there? And how rapid is the intergenerational mobility among Mexican immigrant families? This authoritative volume provides a historical context for Mexican immigration to the U.S. and reports new findings on an immigrant influx whose size and character will force us to rethink economic policy for decades to come. Mexican Immigration to the United States will be necessary reading for anyone concerned about social conditions and economic opportunities in both countries.
Food-plant effects on larval performance do not translate into differences in fitness between populations of Panolis flammea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract In the UK, Panolis flammea (Denis & Schiffermüller) is a pest of monocultures of non-native lodgepole pine Pinus contorta Douglas, but not of the indigenous host Scots pine P. sylvestrisL. This difference in population dynamics may be due to the adaptation of P. flammea populations to the phenology, chemical composition and natural enemy complement of lodgepole pine. To ascertain if there was local adaptation of P. flammea populations to lodgepole pine, this study tested for improved performance of both larvae and adults on the host plant species from which they were sourced, compared with their performance on the alternative host plant species. No difference was found in the relative mean performance of populations sourced from Scots pine or lodgepole pine plantations, when fed on Scots or lodgepole pine foliage. Larvae grew faster on Scots pine but this difference did not translate into differences in pupal weight, female body weight or fecundity. Indeed, those insects that had fed on lodgepole pine had a longer lifespan than those that had fed on Scots pine, which, if translated into greater probability of mating or higher fecundity, could contribute to the observed outbreak dynamics in the field. The prediction that the observed outbreak dynamics of P. flammea can be explained by the existence of populations locally adapted to lodgepole pine was not supported. These results cast doubt on the use of larval growth parameters as surrogates of fitness in Lepidoptera.
Influence of smoking on serum protein composition and the protein binding of drugs 1

The influence of smoking on α1‐acid glycoprotein (α1‐AGP) and serum albumin concentrations and the protein binding of phenytoin and propranolol in healthy volunteers was investigated. α1‐AGP concentrations were found to be statistically different (P < 0·05) in the smokers (mean = 84·3 mg dl−1) versus non‐smokers (mean = 62·8 mg dl−1). There was a trend for lower serum albumin concentrations and lower fraction unbound of propranolol in the smokers. Smoking did not affect the protein binding of phenytoin.
Understanding Financial Crises

What causes a financial crisis? Can financial crises be anticipated or even avoided? What can be done to lessen their impact? Should governments and international institutions intervene? Or should financial crises be left to run their course? In the aftermath of the Asian financial crisis, many blamed international institutions, corruption, governments, and flawed macro and microeconomic policies not only for causing the crisis but also unnecessarily lengthening and deepening it. Based on ten years of research, the authors develop a theoretical approach to analyzing financial crises. Beginning with a review of the history of financial crises and providing readers with the basic economic tools needed to understand the literature, the authors construct a series of increasingly sophisticated models. Throughout, the authors guide the reader through the existing theoretical and empirical literature while also building on their own theoretical approach. The text presents the modern theory of intermediation, introduces asset markets and the causes of asset price volatility, and discusses the interaction of banks and markets. The book also deals with more specialized topics, including optimal financial regulation, bubbles, and financial contagion.