Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Natural Gaits of the Non-Pathological Flat Foot and High-Arched Foot

There has been a controversy as to whether or not the non-pathological flat foot and high-arched foot have an effect on human walking activities. The 3D foot scanning system was employed to obtain static footprints from subjects adopting a half-weight-bearing stance. Based upon their footprints, the subjects were divided into two groups: the flat-footed and the high-arched. The plantar pressure measurement system was used to measure and record the subjects' successive natural gaits. Two indices were proposed: distribution of vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) of plantar and the rate of change of footprint areas. Using these two indices to compare the natural gaits of the two subject groups, we found that (1) in stance phase, there is a significant difference (p<0.01) in the distributions of VGRF of plantar; (2) in a stride cycle, there is also a significant difference (p<0.01) in the rate of change of footprint area. Our analysis suggests that when walking, the VGRF of the plantar brings greater muscle tension to the flat-footed while a smaller rate of change of footprint area brings greater stability to the high-arched.
The Construction and Contributions of "Implications for Practice": What's in Them and What Might They Offer?

“Most reviewers’ checklists of leading management journals list the criterion, “relevance for practice. ” Authors comply with this criterion by pointing out what implications their results might have for practice. Evidence in the form of successful implementations of the results in practice is not required. Essentially, the authors are only supposed to point out what implications practitioners, as they socially construct them, can possibly draw from their results. If the reviewers’ construction of relevance is in accordance with the author’s, the criterion of relevance has been met . ” (Kieser & Leiner, 2009: 522–523; italics in original).
The Delivery of Drugs to Patients by Continuous Intravenous Infusion: Modeling Predicts Potential Dose Fluctuations Depending on Flow Rates and Infusion System Dead Volume

IV drug infusion has the potential for dosing errors, which arise from complex interactions between carrier flows and the infusion set dead volume. We computed the steady-state mass of drug stored in the infusion set dead volume, using phenylephrine as a model compound. The mass of drug in the dead volume increases with stock drug concentration and desired dose but decreases with carrier flow rate. We also modeled the dynamic perturbations in drug delivery when a carrier is abruptly stopped. Rapid initial carrier flow rates lead to greater depression in drug delivery rate after carrier flow ceases. Rapid drug infusion rates lead to faster restoration of desired drug delivery. Finally, the time to reach a new steady-state after a change in drug delivery or carrier rate was computed. This time is longest for large stock-drug concentrations, larger dead volumes, and slower final carrier rates. These computations illustrate that (a) the dead volume may contain a large mass of drug available for inadvertent bolus, (b) cessation of carrier flow can profoundly reduce drug delivery, and (c) after a change in carrier flow or drug dosing, a significant lag is possible before drug delivery achieves steady state. Although computed for phenylephrine, the concepts are generic and valid for any drug administered by IV infusion.
Safety of long-acting beta-agonists.

n engl j med 354;11 www.nejm. org march 16, 2006 1206 Hamilton RG, Franklin Adkinson N Jr. In vitro assays for the diagnosis of IgE-mediated disorders. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004;114:213-25. Sampson HA, Ho DG. Relationship between food-specific IgE concentrations and the risk of positive food challenges in children and adolescents. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;100:44451. Stokes J, Kessler R, Philip G, Casale TB. Ragweed skin test responsiveness correlates with specific immunoglobulin E levels. Allergy Asthma Proc 2005;26:103-7. Hamilton RG, Adkinson NF Jr. Clinical laboratory assessment of IgE-dependent hypersensitivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;111:Suppl:S687-S701.
Short-term patient-centered nutrition counseling impacts weight and nutrient intake in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Background Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at a high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to increased prevalence of traditional and nontraditional CVD risks factors. Objective To evaluate the effect of patient-centered nutrition counseling methods on changes in select nutrient, anthropometric, and clinical outcomes in SLE patients enrolled in a CVD prevention counseling program (CVD PCP). Methods From March 2009 to June 2011 a subgroup of SLE patients enrolled in our CVD PCP were referred to a registered dietitian for individualized nutrition counseling. Outcomes of interest were assessed at baseline and six months. A primary analysis evaluated the six-month changes in nutrient intake, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and lipid levels. A secondary analysis compared the same measurements between the nutrition counseling patients and the group that was referred but did not attend. Results Of 71 referrals, 41 (58%) attended nutrition counseling (female: 89%, African American/Hispanic: 72%, mean age of 39.7 ± 12.82 years, and a mean disease duration of 11.49 ± 8.02 years). Over a six-month period, patients attending nutritional counseling: (a) reduced their intake of sodium (p = 0.006), total calories (p = 0.07), and percent calories from fat (p = 0.011) and saturated fat (p = 0.068); (b) had decreased weight (−1.64 kg, p = 0.025); and (c) were more likely to report increases in eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables (p < 0.001), a high fiber diet (p = 0.011), ≥two servings of fish/week (p = 0.002), and a low cholesterol diet (p = 0.034). There were no significant changes observed over the six months in BMI and clinical outcomes among nutrition counseling patients. When comparing nutrition counseling patients to those who were referred but did not attend, we found at six months a higher percentage of nutrition counseling patients reportedly followed a high-fiber diet (p = 0.03), consumed two or more servings of fish per week (p = 0.01), followed a low-cholesterol diet (p = 0.03), and achieved a greater weight loss (p = 0.04) compared to the group that did not attend. Conclusion At six months we found that nutrition counseling using patient-centered methods appears to be an effective method for promoting changes in nutrient intake, diet habits, and, possibly, anthropometric measures in SLE patients. However, the counseling did not show a significant improvement in lipid levels, possibly due to short follow-up and/or SLE related factors.
Influence of viral genes on the cell-to-cell spread of RNA silencing

The turnip crinkle virus-based vector TCV–GFPΔCP had been devised previously to study cell-to-cell and long-distance spread of virus-induced RNA silencing. TCV–GFPΔCP, which had been constructed by replacing the coat protein (CP) gene with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) coding sequence, was able to induce RNA silencing in single epidermal cells, from which RNA silencing spread from cell-to-cell. Using this unique local silencing assay together with mutagenesis analysis, two TCV genes, p8 and p9, which were involved in the intercellular spread of virus-induced RNA silencing, were identified. TCV–GFPΔCP and its p8- or p9-mutated derivatives, TCVmp8–GFPΔCP and TCVmp9–GFPΔCP, replicated efficiently but were restricted to single Nicotiana benthamiana epidermal cells. TCV–GFPΔCP, TCVmp8–GFPΔCP, or TCVmp9–GFPΔCP was able to initiate RNA silencing that targeted and degraded recombinant viral RNAs in inoculated leaves of the GFP-expressing N. benthamiana line 16c. However, cell-to-cell spread of silencing to form silencing foci was triggered only by TCV–GFPΔCP. Non-replicating TCVmp88–GFPΔCP and TCVmp28mp88–GFPΔCP with dysfunctional replicase genes, and single-stranded gfp RNA did not induce RNA silencing. Transient expression of the TCV p9 protein could effectively complement TCVmp9–GFPΔCP to facilitate intercellular spread of silencing. These data suggest that the plant cellular trafficking machinery could hijack functional viral proteins to permit cell-to-cell movement of RNA silencing.
Optimal cycle of intermittent portal triad clamping during liver resection in the murine liver

We designed this experimental study to determine the optimal cycle for intermittent inflow occlusion during liver resection. A cycle of intermittent clamping (IC) for 15 minutes of ischemia followed by reperfusion for 5 minutes during liver resection is currently the most popular protocol used by experienced liver centers. As each period of reperfusion is associated with bleeding, longer periods of clamping would be advantageous. However, the longest safe duration of successive ischemia is unknown. Three groups of mice were subjected to a total liver ischemic period for 90 minutes; 2 groups underwent IC for 15 or 30 minutes, respectively, followed by 5 minutes of reperfusion, while the control group was subjected to continuous inflow occlusion only. The degree of tissue injury was assessed using biochemical and histological markers, as well as animal survival. While serious injury was observed in the continuous clamping group, both IC groups were associated with minimal injury, including lesser degrees of apoptosis and necrosis. All animals survived in the IC groups, while all animals died following 90 minutes of continuous inflow occlusion. In conclusion, intermittent portal pedicle clamping with 15‐ or 30‐minute cycles is highly protective. A period of 30 minutes clamping should be preferred, since this would decrease the amount of blood loss associated with each cycle. This data should be confirmed in humans, and may represent a change in the current practice of hepatic surgery. (Liver Transpl 2004;10:794–801.)
Performance improvement for a wet bench tool

Cluster tools are prevalent in wafer fabs. The main reason for this prevalence is that the integration of simple sequential steps together with wafer handling equipment reduces the cost significantly with shared facitilies and smaller foot-prints. This paper analyzes the performance of a wet bench tool in a wet cleaning process by means of a detailed simulation model under different operating factors. The results of the simulation experiments show that through reconfiguration of the recipe sequence types that a 18 % improvement in average hourly throughput can be realised under the same average cycle time.
Brain Networks for Integrative Rhythm Formation

Background Performance of externally paced rhythmic movements requires brain and behavioral integration of sensory stimuli with motor commands. The underlying brain mechanisms to elaborate beat-synchronized rhythm and polyrhythms that musicians readily perform may differ. Given known roles in perceiving time and repetitive movements, we hypothesized that basal ganglia and cerebellar structures would have greater activation for polyrhythms than for on-the-beat rhythms. Methodology/Principal Findings Using functional MRI methods, we investigated brain networks for performing rhythmic movements paced by auditory cues. Musically trained participants performed rhythmic movements at 2 and 3 Hz either at a 1∶1 on-the-beat or with a 3∶2 or a 2∶3 stimulus-movement structure. Due to their prior musical experience, participants performed the 3∶2 or 2∶3 rhythmic movements automatically. Both the isorhythmic 1∶1 and the polyrhythmic 3∶2 or 2∶3 movements yielded the expected activation in contralateral primary motor cortex and related motor areas and ipsilateral cerebellum. Direct comparison of functional MRI signals obtained during 3∶2 or 2∶3 and on-the-beat rhythms indicated activation differences bilaterally in the supplementary motor area, ipsilaterally in the supramarginal gyrus and caudate-putamen and contralaterally in the cerebellum. Conclusions/Significance The activated brain areas suggest the existence of an interconnected brain network specific for complex sensory-motor rhythmic integration that might have specificity for elaboration of musical abilities.
Civil Society and Financial Markets: What is Not Happening and Why

Why have commercial financial flows—as a major force in contemporary society with a number of significant problematic consequences—attracted relatively little effective public-interest response from civil society? Change-oriented nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), labour unions, faith-based organizations, and other social movements have mostly remained in the shadows vis-à-vis private financial markets. Impacts from these citizen associations have not gone beyond promoting modest rises in public awareness, certain limited policy shifts, and minor institutional reforms of a few public governance agencies. The reasons for these scant achievements are partly related to capacities and practices in civil society groups, relevant governance agencies, and financial firms. Also important in constraining civil society impacts to reform and transform contemporary financial markets are deeper structural circumstances such as embedded social hierarchies (among countries, classes, etc.), the pivotal role of finance capital in accumulation processes today, and the entrenchment of prevailing neoliberal policy discourses.
The Public's Bounded Understanding of Science

This introduction to the special issue Understanding the Public Understanding of Science: Psychological Approaches discusses some of the challenges people face in understanding science. We focus on people's inevitably bounded understanding of science topics; research must address how people make decisions in science domains such as health and medicine without having the deep and extensive understanding that is characteristic of domain experts. The articles reflect two broad streams of research on the public understanding of science—the learning orientation that seeks to improve understanding through better instruction and the communications orientation that focuses on attitudes about science and trust in scientists. Challenges to understanding science include determining the relevance of information, the tentativeness of scientific truth, distinguishing between scientific and nonscientific issues, and determining what is true and what is false. Studying the public understanding of science can potentially contribute to psychological theories of thinking and reasoning in modern societies.
A longitudinal examination of the social-cognitive model applied to high school girls' choices of nontraditional college majors and aspirations

This study tested a partial version of R. W. Lent, S. D. Brown, and G. Hackett's (1994) social-cognitive career theory model. Among 204 high school girls who attended science, math, and engineering (SME) career conferences, the authors used a 4-year longitudinal design to predict the choice of an SME college major and SME self-efficacy and outcome expectations in college. In addition, among students who had declared SME majors, variables assessed in high school and college were used to predict aspirations to become leaders in SME fields. The results generally provided empirical validation of the model. Regression analyses revealed that college SME outcome expectations were associated with plans to become a leader in an SME field. Implications for research and interventions are discussed.
Mother–Child and Father–Child Emotional Availability in Families of Children with Down Syndrome

SYNOPSIS Objective. Emotional availability (EA) is a relationship construct that can be considered a global index of the emotional quality of parent–child interaction. The present study aimed to address several specific questions about mother–child and father–child emotional availability in families with a child with Down's syndrome (DS). Design . Free-play interactions of 22 children with DS (M chronological age = 35.32 mo) We coded separately with each parent using the Emotional Availability (EA) Scales (Biringen, Robinson, & Emde, 1998). Results . Overall, mothers and fathers and their children with DS were equally emotionally available to one another. Bivariate correlations between maternal and paternal EA ratings of Sensitivity, Structuring, and Nonhostility showed significant positive associations. Moreover, bivariate correlations also highlighted the stability of child Responsiveness and Involvement across interactions with the two parents. There were no differences between mothers and fathers in mean levels of Sensitivity, Structuring, Nonintrusiveness, or Nonhostility, nor were there differences in mean levels of child Responsiveness and Involvement between mother–child and father–child interactions. Conclusions . We discuss the clinical utility of the EA Scales for assessing relationships between parents and their children with DS.
Sensory Processing of Infants Born Prematurely or with Regulatory Disorders

The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in sensory processing among normal full-term infants, full-term infants with a regulatory disorder, and prematurely born infants. The Test of Sensory Functions in Infants (TSFI), a 24-item test designed to measure sensory processing and reactivity in infants, was administered to 329 infants, ages 7 to 18 months. The subjects included 228 infants considered normal, 45 infants with regulatory disorders, and 56 infants born prematurely. The infants with regulatory disorders had problems with sleep and eating, high irritability and sever separation anxiety. Prematurely born infants or those with a regulatory disorder scored lower than the normal infants on the TSFI. Sensory processing disorders were seen at each age for infants with regulatory disorders and those born prematurely. Infants with regulatory disorders scored lower than the prematurely born infants at 7 to 9 months in adaptive-motor skills, at 7 to 9 and 10 to 1 months in visual-tactile in.
Practical Difficulties Encountered in Selecting Uncertainty Words: The Example of Accounting Standards

This paper provides a practical example of some of the problems that can be encountered in selecting uncertainty words. Accounting for losses that may or may not happen in the future presents one of the most difficult problems for accountants. Should the loss be shown in financial statements or not? In an attempt to clarify when contingent losses should be considered to be losses, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued a standard (Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 5) that prescribes three levels of uncertainties. The three levels are differentiated primarily by the words used in the standard to indicate the relative probability of the loss (“probable”, “reasonably possible”, and “remote”). An empirical test is reported that explores the suitability of these terms, using subjects who are responsible for the interpretation and administration of the standard: Public accountants. Comparative results are also reported for a group of subjects who are familiar with the standard but who have not yet been responsible for administering it, i.e. undergraduate accounting majors. The findings indicate that the terms used do not appear to be the optimal set. Cet article fournit un exemple pratique des effets rencontres dans le choix de mots imprecis. Repertorier les pertes qui peuvent, ou non, se presenter dans le futur est le probleme le plus difficile des comptables. Les pertes peuvent-elles ou non figurer sur un bilan financier? Pour essayer de savoir a partir de quand les pertes imprevues peuvent etre considerees commes des pertes, le Financial Accounting Standards Board proposa une echelle (enonce des Financial Accounting Standards No. 5) qui prescrit trois niveaux d'interpretation. Les trois niveaux sont d'abord differencies par les mots utilises dans le Standard pour indiquer la relative probabilite des pertes (“probable”, “a envisager raisonnablement”, et “ecartee”). Un test empirique est propose pour connaitre la fiabilite de ces termes, a des sujets responsables de l'interpretation et de l'administration du Standard, les comptables publics. Des resultats comparables sont aussi obtenus avec un groupe de sujets, familiers du Standard, mais qui n'ont pas encore la responsabilite de l'administrer, des etudiants en expertise comptable. Les resultats indiquent que les termes utilises n'apparaissent pas comme les meilleurs.
Living on the threshold: The spatial experience of living alone with dementia

The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the meaning of living alone for older people with dementia. Fourteen audio-taped open-ended interviews were conducted with eight such older women in Ontario, Canada. The data were analyzed using an adaptation of van Manen's method. Heidegger's philosophy informed interpretation of the findings through the theme living on the threshold. The study findings deepen understanding of `space' and `place' in the experience of living alone with dementia. Participants sought the middle-ground of dialectical tensions within the threshold space and shared insights about their spatial experience of: (a) being here, (b) being there, (c) being out, and (d) keeping out. These older women risked losing their threshold space when admitting to mistakes as their illness progressed. The authors conclude with examples of how this spatial interpretation may inform and improve communication with and care of older people in similar circumstances.
Application of dialysis and transplant registries to clinical practice: the Lombardy Registry.

BACKGROUND Data collected from registries provide a useful source of information for clinical practice. Therefore, several regional and national registries of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients have been established. The Lombardy Registry of Dialysis and Transplantation (RLDT) was established in 1982, with participation of all 44 dialysis units that were present at that time within the region. METHODS Demographic and clinical data on ESRD patients are collected yearly. We present here the results of some of the analyses that have been performed on RLDT data since it was started. RESULTS Briefly, data on epidemiology of ESRD, cardiovascular disease, patterns of care and patients' outcomes have been considered. Comparisons with international registries have also been performed. CONCLUSIONS This analysis shows how data collected from a homogeneous patient population receiving similar patterns of care provide precise information on that population. A clear example is provided by the similar results obtained in the comparison of high-flux vs low-flux membranes in a randomized control trial, the HEMO study, and in an analysis of RLDT data. Therefore, analysis of data collected by registries represents an important tool to improve clinical practice and possibly patients' outcomes.