Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Restless legs syndrome and all-cause mortality in four prospective cohort studies

Objectives To evaluate the association between restless legs syndrome (RLS) and all-cause mortality. Design Four prospective cohort studies. Setting The Dortmund Health Study (DHS) and the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) from Germany. The Women's Health Study (WHS) and the Physicians’ Health Study (PHS) from the USA. Participants In DHS: a random sample (n=1 299) from the population of Dortmund; in SHIP: a sample (n=4 291) from residents living in West Pomerania were drawn by multistage random sampling design; in WHS: female healthcare professionals (n=31 370); in PHS: male physicians (n=22 926) Main outcome measures All-cause mortality. Results The prevalence of RLS ranged between 7.4% and 11.9% at baseline. During follow-up (ranging between 6 and 11 years) RLS was not associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality in any of the four cohorts. The multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CI) for all-cause mortality ranged from 0.21 (0.03 to 1.53) to 1.07 (0.93 to 1.23) across the four studies. The HRs for all-cause mortality did not differ according to gender. Conclusions In these four independently conducted large prospective cohort studies from Germany and the USA, RLS did not increase the risk of all-cause mortality. These findings do not support the hypothesis that RLS is a risk factor for mortality of any cause.
Evaluating a skin barrier film in faecal and urinary incontinence

The key aims therefore, are to reduce the risk of maceration and damage to the outer skin layer by maintaining good skin care and initiating appropriate treatments to manage moisture leakage. This can be achieved by: 8 Maintenance of normal skin moisture levels, i.e. ensuring the skin is appropriately hydrated, can ‘breathe’ (e.g. using a non-occlusive covering), and that any excess moisture is not held in prolonged contact with the skin 8 Prevention of skin damage from physical or chemical means, e.g. adhesives (skin stripping), urine, wound fluids, faeces or other harmful chemicals (Newton, 2006; Black, 2007).
Does the Online Environment Promote

In recent years, there has been a concern that the Internet has been contributing to a growth in student plagiarism. This paper reports on a study aimed at investigating if there were differences between plagiarism levels in doctoral dissertations submitted by students enrolled at traditional, brick-and-mortar institutions and those by students attending online counterparts. A sample of 368 dissertations written between 2009 and 2013 (184 from traditional institutions and 184 from online institutions) were mined from an online database and uploaded to Turnitin for analysis. A Mann–Whitney U test was conducted on the similarity indices calculated by Turnitin. The test revealed no significant difference between the originality indices of dissertations from traditional institutions and those of dissertations from online institutions. Although dissertations from online institutions were slightly more likely to involve plagiarism, the traditional schools had more extreme cases of plagiarism. Thus, the notion that online education is more prone to plagiarism is not well supported. However, across both institution types, more than half of all dissertations contained some level of plagiarism. Suggestions for future research include a broader study as well as surveys of faculty and students concerning their understanding of plagiarism and how it could be circumvented.
Investigation into the cause of mortality in 49 cases of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy: A single center study

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic muscle weakness and myositis with unknown etiology. IIM may affect the function of multiple organs and has a poor prognosis. In the present study, the causes of mortality in patients with IIM admitted to the Xiangya Hospital during the last 14 years were investigated. The investigation included an analysis of frequent causes of IIM, and of infections and associated complications. A cohort study was conducted on 676 patients with IIM that were admitted to Xiangya Hospital from January, 2001 to January, 2015. There were 49 patient mortalities (7.2% of the total cases), of which 34 mortalities were infection-associated and 15 were not infection-associated. The proportion of infection-associated IIM mortalities had increased since 2001. Of the 34 infection-associated mortalities, 31 cases (63.3%) were of fungal and bacterial infections, most frequently infecting the lungs and the blood. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii were the most commonly isolated pathogens, and co-infection with the two pathogens was observed in the majority of cases. In the IIM mortalities not associated with infection, there were 2 acute myocardial infarction cases, 2 acute interstitial lung disease cases, 4 malignancies and 1 case of each of the following: Arrhythmia, pneumothorax, ventilator weakness, pulmonary artery hypertension, gastrointestinal bleeding, liver failure and renal failure. Three mortalities were secondary to viral hepatitis in the present study. Pathogenic infection was the most frequent cause of mortality in patients with IIM. The remaining causes of mortality included secondary to heart failure, lung dysfunction and malignancy. Following the ubiquitous application of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants, the proportion of infection-associated mortalities increased in patients with IIM. Thus, in addition to focusing on the primary disease, infection should receive increased attention during clinical practice.
Effects of Protein Content, Glutenin-to-Gliadin Ratio, Amylose Content, and Starch Damage on Textural Properties of Chinese Fresh White Noodles

ABSTRACT The independent effects of flour protein and starch on textural properties of Chinese fresh white noodles were investigated through reconstitution of fractionated flour components. Noodle hardness decreased with decreased protein content, whereas it unexpectedly increased as protein content decreased to a very low level (7.0%). Noodle cohesiveness, tensile strength, and breaking length increased with increased protein content. Higher glutenin-to-gliadin ratio resulted in harder and stronger noodles at constant protein content. Increased starch amylose content resulted in increased flour peak viscosity. When water absorption remained the same during noodle making, hardness and cohesiveness of cooked noodles also increased with increased starch amylose content, while springiness did not vary significantly. Increased starch damage of ≈5.5–10.4% effectively improved noodle hardness; however, starch damage >10.4% decreased it. Increased starch damage also enhanced noodle springiness while it decreased.
Collaborative Service Blueprinting for Design Thinking: Evaluation of a Digital Prototype

A high degree of innovation is becoming a decisive factor for companies aiming at sustainable competitive advantages. New methods of innovation have become increasingly important in practice. Using such methods in globally operating teams requires locationand time-independent solutions such as web-based collaboration tools. This paper evaluates the ability to digitalize the service innovation method Service Blueprinting using a selfdeveloped prototype. The prototype is evaluated thoroughly in two different studies. In-depth user tests with Design Thinking experts and laymen prove the suitability for Design Thinking and the interaction with the prototype from a HCI perspective. Additionally, we evaluate the acceptance, perceived usefulness and effectiveness quantitatively in the light of the prototype’s collaboration capability. The results indicate the transferability of the required mindset through the digital tool as well as its the acceptance and usefulness. It represents a practical and suitable solution for the digitalizing of Service Blueprinting.
Adolescents’ Definitions of Cheating in Romantic Relationships

Cheating is a common occurrence in dating relationships. However, less is known about cheating in adolescence, a time when many individuals first experience romantic relationships. An important initial step for research is examining how adolescents define cheating in their romantic relationships. The present study used Thematic Analysis, a qualitative analytic method, to explore adolescents’ definitions of cheating and how these definitions might differ across age and gender. Furthermore, the present study examined patterns that emerged within definitions. Results indicate that definitions of cheating included a range of behaviors, such as engaging in physical activity, romantic/intimate involvement, spending time with, talking to, having romantic feelings for, and thinking about an extradyadic partner. Significantly higher numbers of definitions involving heavier physical behaviors were provided by older adolescents and boys compared to middle adolescents and girls. Furthermore, definitions often involved physical, emotional, and non-physical and non-emotional behaviors. Overall, results indicate that cheating is a complex and multifaceted construct for adolescents.
Empirical evaluation of proxies for the acquisition costs of protected areas suggests care is needed to deliver the promise of cost-effective conservation

8 INTRODUCTION.9 METHODS . 10 RESULTS . 11 DISCUSSION . 13 SUPPORTING INFORMATION . 14 APPENDIX I.16 CHAPTER 2 The spatial grain of acquisition cost and biodiversity benefit data determines the apparent effectiveness of a cost targeting strategy . 20 ABSTRACT.21. 2
Comparison of methods to evaluate implant-abutment interface

Aim: To compare two main methods of two-dimensional measurement of fit at the implant prosthodontic interface, testing the hypothesis that optical microscopy (OM) can reliably and efficiently scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Methods: Four frameworks with four titanium abutments joined with titanium bars were used. The implant-abutment interfaces were examined by three different methods, forming 3 groups: analysis by OM (40x), and analysis by SEM at 300x and 500x. Readings were taken at the mesial and distal proximal surfaces on the horizontal and vertical axes of each implant (n=32). One-way ANOVA with a significance level of 5% was used for statistical analysis. Results: Neither the horizontal fit nor vertical fit values of the 3 groups presented statistically significant differences (p=0.410 and p=0.543). Conclusions: OM was found to be an accurate two-dimensional method for abutment-framework or implant-abutment interface measurements, with lower costs than SEM. SEM micrographs at 500x presented technical difficulties for the readings that might produce different results.
Preventive healthcare use, smoking, and alcohol use among Rhode Island women experiencing intimate partner violence.

OBJECTIVE Intimate partner violence (IPV) poses major health threats to women, including increased risk for several chronic health conditions. The impact of IPV on use of preventive health services is not well understood. Although several studies indicate that female victims of IPV have higher rates of alcohol abuse, this has not been replicated in population-based studies. The association of IPV with smoking has not been a major research focus. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between physical and psychological IPV in the past 12 months and preventive healthcare use, smoking, and alcohol use among women. METHODS Data on 1643 women aged 18-54 from the 1999 Rhode Island Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were analyzed. Logistic regression, controlling for age, race, marital status, education, insurance status, and functional disability, was used to model the associations of IPV with (1) checkups, (2) clinical breast examinations (CBEs), (3) Pap smear screening, (4) cigarette smoking, and (5) high-risk alcohol use. RESULTS Prevalence of physical IPV was 4.1%. The prevalence of psychological IPV, in the absence of physical IPV was 4.5%. Physical IPV was associated with receiving regular Pap smears odds ratio ([OR] = 2.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-5.70), current smoking (OR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.03-4.18), and high-risk alcohol use (OR = 4.85, 95% CI 2.02-11.60). Psychological IPV was associated with high-risk alcohol use (OR = 3.22, 95% CI 1.46-7.09). CONCLUSIONS Women experiencing IPV regularly access preventive healthcare, providing healthcare providers with opportunities to assess and counsel women for IPV in addition to smoking and high-risk alcohol use.
Factors Affecting Students’ Attitude toward Mathematics: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

Students’ attitude towards mathematics is affected by factors such as parental influences, teacher affective support and classroom instruction. The purpose of this research was to examine the inter-relationships between these factors and effects on attitude towards mathematics using a partial least squares-structural equation modeling approach. A survey was carried out with a sample of 318 Form Four students from Sabah, Malaysia. The questionnaire consists of four scales: Perceived Parental Influences, Teacher Affective Support, Classroom Instruction and Attitude towards Mathematics. IBM SPSS 19.0 and Smart PLS 2.0 were used to analyze the measurement and structural models. The results showed that with the exclusion of some indicators from the scales, the measurement models showed acceptable reliability and validity. The structural model has moderate predictive relevance but the inter-relationships of the constructs in the structural model were significant. Teacher affective support and classroom instruction predict attitude towards mathematics more than parental influences.
Evaluating Clustering Techniques for Collaborative Querying

Collaborative querying is a technique which makes use of past users' search experiences in order to help the current user formulate an appropriate query. In this technique, related queries are extracted from query logs and clustered. Queries from these clusters that are related to the user's query are then recommended. This work compares a range of similarity measures and features (e.g. titles, URLs, snippets) used for clustering, and also proposes an extended K-means clustering algorithm. Experimental results reveal that the best clusters are obtained by using a combination of these sources rather than using only query terms or only result URLs alone.
Essential oil-mediated glycerosomes increase transdermal paeoniflorin delivery: optimization, characterization, and evaluation in vitro and in vivo

In this study, a novel glycerosome carrier containing essential oils was prepared for topical administration of paeoniflorin (PF) to enhance its transdermal drug delivery and improve drug absorption in the synovium. The formulation of glycerosomes was optimized by a uniform design, and the final vehicle was composed of 5% (w/v) phospholipid, 0.6% (w/v) cholesterol, and 10% (v/v) glycerol, with 2% (v/v) Speranskia tuberculata essential oil (STO) as the transdermal enhancer. The in vitro transdermal flux of PF loaded in the STO-glycerosomes was 1.4-fold, 1.6-fold, and 1.7-fold higher than those of glycerosomes, liposomes, and tinctures, respectively. In vivo studies showed that the use of STO-glycerosomes was associated with a 3.1-fold greater accumulation of PF in the synovium than that of common glycerosomes. This finding was confirmed by in vivo imaging studies, which found that the fluorescence intensity of Cy5.5-loaded STO-glycerosomes in mice knee joints was 1.8-fold higher than that of the common glycerosomes 5 h after administration. The glycerosomes mediated by STO exhibited considerable skin permeability as well as improved drug absorption in the synovium, indicating that STO-glycerosomes may be a potential PF transdermal delivery vehicle for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis caused by synovium lesions.
Evidence of intrafamilial transmission of rotavirus in a birth cohort in South India

Transmission of rotavirus infection was studied in a birth cohort of children based in an urban slum in Vellore and their familial contacts. Contemporaneous samples from index patients and their familial contacts were collected for analysis in three different settings. Firstly, samples were collected from familial contacts during a period of rotavirus infection in children from the cohort. Secondly, on occasions when a family member had rotavirus diarrhea, samples from the cohort child were taken for analysis. Lastly, asymptomatic surveillance samples collected at predetermined time points from both the cohort child and familial contacts were analyzed. From 560 samples collected from family members during symptomatic and asymptomatic rotavirus infections in these children, three rotavirus transmissions were identified, accounting for a secondary attack rate of 0.54%. In four instances of rotavirus diarrhea in a family member, one infection was transmitted to the cohort child. Nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a high degree of similarity in all these pairs ranging between 99% and 100% at both the nucleotide and the deduced amino acid levels, highly suggestive of person‐to‐person transmission of rotavirus infection. There was complete concordance of rotavirus genotyping between these pairs. No transmission events were noted from 14 asymptomatic rotavirus infections identified during routine surveillance of family members. This study is the first to use phylogenetic analysis to study the intrafamilial spread of rotavirus infection. J. Med. Virol. 80:1858–1863, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Properties of woodceramics obtained by high temperatures and phenolic resin impregnation

This research investigated variations in density, weight loss, shrinkage, and mechanical properties of woodceramics, as affected by resin impregnation percentage and carbonizing temperature. These woodceramics were formed by carbonizing medium density fiberboard (MDF) at 600°, 800°, 1000°, and 1200°C that had been impregnated with varying levels of phenolic resin. As the resin impregnation percentage and the carbonizing temperature increased, density increased until the carbonizing temperature reached 1000°C, then began to decline. On the other hand, as resin impregnation percentage increased, weight loss and shrinkage decreased. As the carbonizing temperature increased, weight loss and linear shrinkage both increased. In addition, as resin impregnation percentage and the carbonizing temperature rose, so did both bending and compressive strength, due to an increase in the hardening of the phenolic resin -located in the cell walls of the impregnated MDF.
eHealth Literacy Among College Students: A Systematic Review With Implications for eHealth Education

Background eHealth literacy refers to the ability of individuals to seek, find, understand, and appraise health information from electronic resources and apply such knowledge to addressing or solving a health problem. While the current generation of college students has access to a multitude of health information on the Internet, access alone does not ensure that students are skilled at conducting Internet searches for health information. Ensuring that college students have the knowledge and skills necessary to conduct advanced eHealth searches is an important responsibility particularly for the medical education community. It is unclear if college students, especially those in the medical and health professions, need customized eHealth literacy training for finding, interpreting, and evaluating health- and medical-related information available on the Internet. Objective The objective of our review was to summarize and critically evaluate the evidence from existing research on eHealth literacy levels among college students between the ages of 17 and 26 years attending various 4-year colleges and universities located around the world. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review on numerous scholarly databases using various combinations of relevant search terms and Boolean operators. The records were screened and assessed for inclusion in the review based on preestablished criteria. Findings from each study that met inclusion criteria were synthesized and summarized into emergent themes. Results In the final review we analyzed 6 peer-reviewed articles and 1 doctoral dissertation that satisfied the inclusion criteria. The number of participants in each reviewed study varied widely (from 34 to 5030). The representativeness of the results from smaller studies is questionable. All studies measured knowledge and/or behaviors related to college student ability to locate, use, and evaluate eHealth information. These studies indicated that many college students lack eHealth literacy skills, suggesting that there is significant room for improvement in college students’ ability to obtain and evaluate eHealth information. Conclusion Although college students are highly connected to, and feel comfortable with, using the Internet to find health information, their eHealth literacy skills are generally sub par. College students, especially in the health and medical professions, would be well served to receive more customized college-level instruction that improves general eHealth literacy.
EnkephaloVision: Anatomical Functionality Indicated by Ultrashort Transient Regional EEG Spectral Power Changes during Cognitive and Emotional Challenges

Anatomical functionality is a major topic in brain research. Numerous investigations have shown task dependent activation of focal brain areas, with most information based on time-averaged data due to methodological limitations. Ultra-fast quantitative EEG, especially in the newly developed combination with eye tracking (EnkephaloVision), is very suitable to follow activities of local electric circuits. This investigation in 57 subjects revealed transient focal frequency changes reaching up to more than 6000% of global median spectra power during cognitive and emotional challenges at frontal electrode positions. Recording epochs of 364 ms uncovered coherences with respect to focal brain areas and single frequencies, which are typically lost during averaged calculations. When averaging data over a whole scene, a least demanding challenge like viewing a boring animal video only activated the lateral frontal lobe, whereas solving brain-teasers and performance of mathematical calculations led to delta (modulated by acetylcholine) and theta (modulated by norepinephrine) increases in all brain regions in a statistically significant manner. In addition to delta and theta increases, performance of the Stroop test led to beta2 (related to GABA-ergic transmission) increases in the temporal lobe. The higher the mental demand the more brain regions were involved during 10 different challenges. There was no challenge which did not activate the lateral frontal brain in terms of increases of delta and theta spectral power. The results are in line with the view that the lateral frontal lobe is involved primarily during cognitive and emotional behavior related to activity changes of acetylcholine and norepinephrine.