Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fluid-Structure Interaction of a Reed Type Valve Subjected to Piston Displacement

The present paper deals with the dynamic simulation of the fluid flow through reed valves and is concerned with a partitioned fluid-structure interaction coupling scheme. In this work attends the newly in-house implemented computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and moving mesh coupled code TermoFluids. The CFD solver consists of a three-dimensional explicit finite volume fractional-step algorithm formulated in a second-order, conservative and collocated unstructured grid arrangement. Large eddy simulation is performed to solve the turbulent flow, using the subgrid scale WALE model. A radial basis function interpolation procedure is used to dynamically move the mesh according with the displacement of the valve. A simplified geometry of an axial hole plus a rectangular diffuser with a piston based inlet condition is considered. The valve dynamics is modelled by means of the normal mode summation methodology and a coefficient of restitution is applied to model the impact between the valve and its seat. A parametric study is presented in order to analyze the influence of the valve thickness.
Emotion Appraisals Predict Neuroticism and Extraversion

The current study proposes and refines the Appraisals in Personality (AIP) model in a multilevel investigation of whether appraisal dimensions of emotion predict differences in state neuroticism and extraversion. University students (N = 151) completed a five-factor measure of trait personality, and retrospectively reported seven situations from the previous week, giving state personality and appraisal ratings for each situation. Results indicated that: (a) trait neuroticism and extraversion predicted average levels of state neuroticism and extraversion respectively, and (b) five of the examined appraisal dimensions predicted one, or both of the state neuroticism and extraversion personality domains. However, trait personality did not moderate the relationship between appraisals and state personality. It is concluded that appraisal dimensions of emotion may provide a useful taxonomy for quantifying and comparing situations, and predicting state personality.
Control of hypothalamic orexin neurons by acid and CO2

Hypothalamic orexin/hypocretin neurons recently emerged as key orchestrators of brain states and adaptive behaviors. They are critical for normal stimulation of wakefulness and breathing: Orexin loss causes narcolepsy and compromises vital ventilatory adaptations. However, it is unclear how orexin neurons generate appropriate adjustments in their activity during changes in physiological circumstances. Extracellular levels of acid and CO2 are fundamental physicochemical signals controlling wakefulness and breathing, but their effects on the firing of orexin neurons are unknown. Here we show that the spontaneous firing rate of identified orexin neurons is profoundly affected by physiological fluctuations in ambient levels of H+ and CO2. These responses resemble those of known chemosensory neurons both qualitatively (acidification is excitatory, alkalinization is inhibitory) and quantitatively (≈100% change in firing rate per 0.1 unit change in pHe). Evoked firing of orexin cells is similarly modified by physiologically relevant changes in pHe: Acidification increases intrinsic excitability, whereas alkalinization depresses it. The effects of pHe involve acid-induced closure of leak-like K+ channels in the orexin cell membrane. These results suggest a new mechanism of how orexin/hypocretin networks generate homeostatically appropriate firing patterns.
Transcriptome profiling reveals bisphenol A alternatives activate estrogen receptor alpha in human breast cancer cells

Background Plasticizers with estrogenic activity, such as bisphenol A (BPA), have been reported to have potential adverse health effects in humans. Due to mounting evidence of these health effects and public pressure, BPA is being phased out by the plastics manufacturing industry and replaced by other bisphenol variants in “BPA-free” products. Objectives We have compared estrogenic activity of BPA to 6 bisphenol analogues (bisphenol S, BPS; bisphenol F, BPF; bisphenol AP, BPAP; bisphenol AF, BPAF; bisphenol Z, BPZ; bisphenol B, BPB) in three human breast cancer cell lines. Methods Estrogenicity was assessed by cell growth in an estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated cell proliferation assay, and by the induction of estrogen response element (ERE)-mediated transcription in a luciferase assay. Gene expression profiles were determined in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by microarray analysis and confirmed by Illumina-based RNA sequencing. Results All bisphenols showed estrogenic activity in promoting cell growth and inducing ERE-mediated transcription. BPAF was the most potent bisphenol, followed by BPB > BPZ ~ BPA > BPF ~ BPAP > BPS. The addition of ICI 182,780 antagonized the activation of ERs by bisphenols. Data mining of ToxCast high-throughput screening assays confirms our results but also shows divergence in the sensitivities of the assays. The comparison of transcriptome profile alterations resulting from BPA alternatives with an ERα gene expression biomarker further indicates that all BPA alternatives act as ERα agonists in MCF-7 cells. These results were confirmed by RNA sequencing. Conclusion In conclusion, BPA alternatives are not necessarily less estrogenic in a human breast cancer cell model. Three bisphenols (BPAF, BPB, and BPZ) were more estrogenic than BPA. The relevance of human exposure to BPA alternatives in hormone-dependent breast cancer risk should be investigated.
Deep Spitzer 24 μm COSMOS Imaging. I. The Evolution of Luminous Dusty Galaxies—Confronting the Models

We present the first results obtained from the identification of ~30,000 sources in the Spitzer/24 μm observations of the COSMOS field at S_(24 μm) ≳ 80 μJy. Using accurate photometric redshifts (σ_ z ~ 0.12 at z ~ 2 for 24 μm sources with i ^+ ≳ 25 mag AB) and simple extrapolations of the number counts at faint fluxes, we resolve with unprecedented detail the buildup of the mid-infrared background across cosmic ages. We find that ~50% and ~80% of the 24 μm background intensity originate from galaxies at z ≳ 1 and z ≳ 2, respectively, supporting the scenario where highly obscured sources at very high redshifts (z ≳ 2) contribute only marginally to the cosmic infrared background. Assuming flux-limited selections at optical wavelengths, we also find that the fraction of i ^+-band sources with 24 μm detection strongly increases up to z ~ 2 as a consequence of the rapid evolution that star-forming galaxies have undergone with look-back time. Nonetheless, this rising trend shows a clear break at z ~ 1.3, probably due to k-correction effects implied by the complexity of spectral energy distributions in the mid-infrared. Finally, we compare our results with the predictions from different models of galaxy formation. We note that semianalytical formalisms currently fail to reproduce the redshift distributions observed at 24 μm. Furthermore, the simulated galaxies at S _(24 μm) > 80 μJy exhibit R–K colors much bluer than observed and the predicted K-band fluxes are systematically underestimated at z ≳ 0.5. Unless these discrepancies mainly result from an incorrect treatment of extinction in the models they may reflect an underestimate of the predicted density of high-redshift massive sources with strong ongoing star formation, which would point to more fundamental processes and/or parameters (e.g., initial mass function, critical density to form stars, feedback,.) that are still not fully controlled in the simulations. The most recent backward evolution scenarios reproduce reasonably well the flux/redshift distribution of 24 μm sources up to z ~ 3, although none of them is able to exactly match our results at all redshifts.
Frequencies of Child Abuse in Japan: Hidden but Prevalent Crime

A total of 98 women newly employed by a company in Tokyo were interviewed and asked to recall the frequency of abuse they experiences as children. If the abuse is defined as an act occurring at least several times a month, the rates of the fathers’emotional neglect, threat, shaming the children, slapping, punching with a fist, kicking, hitting with an object, and burning were 5%, 3%, 1%, 4%, 3%, 0%, 0%, and 0%, respectively, whereas the corresponding rates of the mothers’ acts were 9%, 5%, 2%, 0%, 1%, 0%, 1%, and 0%, respectively. None of the children who had been abused at least several times a month reported having sought other people’s help. This study suggests that child abuse in Japan is no less prevalent than in the Western countries and that most abuse cases are unidentified and therefore go unrelieved by intervention.
Neural processing of emotional faces requires attention

Attention gates the processing of stimuli relatively early in visual cortex. Yet, existing data suggest that emotional stimuli activate brain regions automatically, largely immune from attentional control. To resolve this puzzle, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to first measure activation in regions that responded differentially to faces with emotional expressions (fearful and happy) compared with neutral faces. We then measured the modulation of these responses by attention, using a competing task with a high attentional load. Contrary to the prevailing view, all brain regions responding differentially to emotional faces, including the amygdala, did so only when sufficient attentional resources were available to process the faces. Thus, the processing of facial expression appears to be under top-down control.
Teachers' Preferences for Resource Services

An open-ended Delphi type questionnaire was distributed to administrators and teachers of regular and special education throughout the state of Tennessee. Responses obtained from the questionnaire were used to construct a second, forced choice questionnaire. The second questionnaire was distributed only to regular and resource teachers who had voiced a positive commitment favoring mainstreaming exceptional children. The results show many of the preferences of regular and resource teachers regarding inservice training, cooperative planning, and resource service topics. As such, they represent an initial needs assessment of those closest to the actual teaching situation.
The effect of green cane on downstream factory processing.

There is a world-wide shift from burnt to green cane harvesting. In many countries, including the United States and South Africa, certain areas are changing to green cane harvesting due to public, tourism and environmental pressures against open field burning, increasing labour costs, and the potential use of sugarcane trash as biomass for the production of bio-products. While some countries have already converted to total green cane harvesting, of the 23 million tonnes of cane that is annually processed in South Africa, almost 85% is still burnt. Since the 1940s there have been factory trials all over the world on green cane processing but, due to the sheer magnitude of such trials, none have managed to shed much light on the effect on downstream processing beyond clarification. This paper reports on the effects of harvesting green billeted sugarcane compared to burnt billeted and/or whole-stalk sugarcane on factory front end processes and on downstream processing in a pilot plant. Pilot plant processing was done on samples collected from two factories situated in the Midlands area of South Africa. Sufficient cane of each treatment was harvested and processed to purge the extraction plant of other cane. Trash materials and mixed juice were collected and analysed. The effects of trash levels on prepared cane, bagasse and mixed juice are reported. Factory mixed juice (300 L) was transported to the SMRI in Durban and further processed in the SMRI pilot plant to clarified juice, syrup, A-massecuite, A-molasses, A-sugar, and affinated sugar. Various differences in physico-chemical parameters including colour and ash are presented.
Intelligent control design of anticipation and relaxation behavior in real traffic flow

Car following and lane changing are the most common driving behavior in urban roads and highways. Although these two maneuvers have been studied extensively, the effects of lane change on car following maneuver remain elusive. This effect, which is called anticipation and relaxation, is a transient state between two car following maneuvers happening due to the lane change of new leader. During this behavior, immediate follower deviates from common car following models to accommodate the lane changer ahead. Previous studies for anticipation and relaxation proposed equation-based models for this behavior. These models are only matched to the test cases and are not reliable. Unlike previous studies, in this paper an intelligent controller based on the behavior of real drivers is proposed. This controller aims to regulate the acceleration of follower vehicle in a way that the control system mimics the behavior of real drivers. Afterwards, its performance is compared with human driver data. The results show that the intelligent controller offers safer and more comfortable drive than real drivers.
Problem-based learning in health and social care

List of Contributors 1 Starting out: a guide to using this book and its development (Lyn Westcott). Part 1 General Principles of Using Problem-Based Learning 2 Exploring the foundations for problem-based learning (Ruth Matheson and Bernhard Haas). 3 Readiness for problem-based learning (Juan Delport and Steven W. Whitcombe). 4 Developing problem-based learning curricula (Lyn Westcott, Alison Seymour and Sara Roberts). 5 Becoming a problem-based learning facilitator (Gwilym Wyn Roberts). 6 Managing group dynamics and developing team working in problem-based learning (Alison Seymour). 7 Assessing problem-based learning curricula (Sue Pengelly). Part 2 The Theoretical Interface with Problem-Based Learning 8 Reflection and the problem-based learning curriculum (Gail Boniface). 9 A reflexive model for problem-based learning (Steven W. Whitcombe and Teena J. Clouston). 10 Promoting creative thinking and innovative practice through the use of problem-based learning (Jill Riley and Ruth Matheson). 11 Problem-based learning and the development of capital (Jill Riley and Steven W. Whitcombe). 12 An evolving vision for learning in health-care education (Andrew Machon and Gwilym Wyn Roberts). Part 3 The Learner in Problem-Based Learning 13 The student experience (Liz Galle and Sandra Marshman). 14 Becoming lifelong learners in health and social care (Pam Stead, Gareth Morgan and Sally Scott-Roberts). 15 Becoming a self-directed learner (Susan Delport and Ruth Squire). Part 4 Final Thoughts 16 Interweaving the strands of thinking in problem-based learning (Teena J. Clouston). Index.
Up‐regulated long non‐coding RNA H19 contributes to proliferation of gastric cancer cells

Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to have important regulatory roles in cancer biology, and the lncRNA H19 is up‐regulated in hypoxic stress and in some tumors. However, the contributions of H19 to gastric cancer remain largely unknown. In this study, we assayed the H19 expression level in gastric cancer tissues by real‐time PCR, and defined the biological functions by flow cytometry and RNA immunoprecipitation. We demonstrated that H19 levels were markedly increased in gastric cancer cells and gastric cancer tissues compared with normal controls. Moreover, ectopic expression of H19 increased cell proliferation, whereas H19 siRNA treatment contributed to cell apoptosis in AGS cell line. We further verified that H19 was associated with p53, and that this association resulted in partial p53 inactivation. These data suggest an important role for H19 in the molecular etiology of gastric cancer and potential application of H19 in gastric cancer therapy.
Capacity Gains for Single- and Multi-User CAW in FBMC-OQAM Systems

Channel adaptive waveforms (CAWs) as an extension of channel adaptive modulation (CAM) have been shown to be a promising design concept for wireless communication systems in heterogeneous environments. In contrast to prior works, this letter investigates the performance gains for CAW based on channel capacity for cell-specific and user-specific system configurations for FilterBank MultiCarrier (FBMC) with offset quadrature amplitude modulation subcarrier modulation systems in consideration of required inter-user guard bands. The results show that the cell- and user-specific CAWs provide a low-complexity system design, which is capable of fighting the interference problem for systems without a cyclic prefix, thereby improving the cell capacity in urban and hilly environments up to 90%.
The Ability of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor to Regulate Ovarian Follicle Growth and Estradiol Biosynthesis in Mice Depends on Stage of Sexual Maturity1

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates the toxicity of environmental chemicals and regulates many physiological functions, including processes in female reproduction. Previous studies demonstrated that Ahr deletion leads to slow ovarian follicle growth because of impaired estradiol production and reduced gonadotropin responsiveness in prepubertal mice. These studies, however, did not determine how Ahr deletion impairs estradiol production or whether the effects of Ahr deletion on follicle growth and estradiol production persist in adulthood. Thus, the present study evaluated the effect of Ahr deletion on steroid precursors in the estradiol biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, this study evaluated follicle growth and estradiol biosynthesis in wild-type (WT) and Ahr knockout (AhrKO) antral follicles at different stages of sexual maturity. AhrKO antral follicles from prepubertal mice had slower growth, produced lower estradiol levels, and had reduced cyclin D2 (Ccnd2) expression compared to WT follicles. AhrKO follicles from adult mice, however, produced higher androgen levels and expressed higher levels of Ccnd2 compared to WT follicles. Furthermore, AhrKO follicles from adult mice had growth to that of WT follicles. These findings suggest that the AHR regulates follicle growth by altering factors involved in the estradiol biosynthesis pathway as well as key regulators of follicle growth and that this role of AHR depends on stage of sexual maturity.
Coulter Practice of Integrated Medicine ? Evidence Summaries and Synthesis : Necessary but Insufficient Approach for Determining Clinical

can be found at: Integrative Cancer Therapies Additional services and information for http://ict.sagepub. com/cgi/alerts Email Alerts: http://ict.sagepub. com/subscriptions Subscriptions: http://www.sagepub. com/journalsReprints.nav Reprints: http://www.sagepub. com/journalsPermissions.nav Permissions: http://ict.sagepub. com/cgi/content/refs/5/4/282 SAGE Journals Online and HighWire Press platforms): (this article cites 21 articles hosted on the Citations
Autobiographical Discourse in the Theaters of Politics

During the course of the 2008 presidential election in the United States, candidates, voters, journalists, pundits, and campaign operatives engaged directly and indirectly in an extended national debate about auto/biographical storytelling, its generic forms, its grounds of authenticity, its routes of circulation, and its afterlives in various media. In the wake of that election, scholars have been probing the conjunctions of personal discourse and political discourse, autobiographical acts, and the "theater" of politics. This introduction situates contributions to this special issue of Biography in the context of three broad themes: the personalization of politics over the last five decades, with its mobilization of the personal story to suture political persona and national fable; the social action of genre in constituting political publics, in such diverse genres as television reality shows, blogs, and national biography; and the archives of the fragment animating strategic biographism and scholarly methodology.
Maternal supplementation with an excess of different fat sources during pregnancy and lactation differentially affects feeding behavior in offspring: putative role of the leptin system.

SCOPE This study investigates the lasting effects of maternal supplementation with different fat sources during pregnancy and lactation on feeding behavior and energy homeostasis of their offspring, and its relation to hypothetical effects in the development of main central structures involved in leptin signaling. METHODS AND RESULTS Offspring of dams supplemented with olive oil, butter, or margarine during late pregnancy and lactation were fed with normal fat (NF) diet until 4-month-old, and then with NF or high fat (HF) diet until 6-month-old. Results showed that 21-day-old margarine group pups presented a higher cell number in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) (females) and higher hypothalamic ObRb/SOCS3 mRNA ratio (males). In adulthood, and under HF diet, they displayed a lower body weight (both genders) and body fat (males) than the butter group, a lower preference for fat food (both genders), and lower leptin levels than the olive oil (both genders) and butter (males) groups. CONCLUSIONS Maternal supplementation with different fat sources during the perinatal period may affect the development of hypothalamic structures and hence predisposition to obesity. Margarine, compared with other fats, may program the offspring for increased leptin sensitivity and a lower preference for fat food, thus providing relative protection against body weight gain in adulthood, particularly under an obesogenic environment.
Antecedents and consequences of salesperson burnout

Investigates the antecedents and outcomes of salesperson burnout. Prior research on burnout in personal selling is extended by including a more complete set of predictors of burnout, and by testing the conceptual model of burnout using a multi‐company sample of field salespeople in an international setting. Relationships among burnout, attitudes, and behavior are predicted based on relevant literature, and are tested using survey results from 148 field salespeople in Australia. Path analysis results show that the proposed conceptual model fits the data well. Intrinsic motivation, role ambiguity, and role conflict are all significant antecedents of burnout. Job satisfaction and salesperson performance are direct outcomes of burnout, and also mediate the indirect influence of burnout on organizational commitment and intention to leave. Implications for salesforce management and future research are discussed.