Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Movement of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Released in a Small Isolated Village on Hainan Island, China

Abstract A mark-release-recapture experiment was conducted in a small isolated village on Hainan Island, China, to examine the dispersal and movement of adult Aedes aegypti (L.). Two cohorts of mosquitoes marked with uniquely colored fluorescent dye were released at two different sites and recaptured for 6 d at every house in the village using human bait collections. The distribution pattern of houses around release site affected dispersal. The recapture rate of females released at the center of the village was higher (3.49%) than females released at the edge of the village (2.47%). The average day of recapture differed significantly between sexes, but not cohorts. The average day of recapture of females and males released at the center was 2.5 and 1.54 d, respectively. The total number of mosquitoes recaptured was the greatest at premises near the release site, and decreased at a constant rate of 0.43–0.48 with increasing distance from the release site. The proportion of nulliparous females decreased during the first 4 d and proportion of females with developing or mature ovaries increased during the latter half of the experiment. The daily survival rate for females and males released at the center of the village was estimated by log-regression to be 0.763 and 0.52, respectively.
The Effect of Instructor's Use of Audio E-mail Messages on Student Participation in and Perceptions of Online Learning: A preliminary case study

The researchers, in the context of LEAD 713, a graduate-level online course at Regent University, consider whether the systematic use of instructor-initiated audio e-mails (as a supplement to regular textual forms of communication) will increase students' participation in group discussion and result in more favorable student perceptions of student/faculty relationships and quality of group discussion, a greater sense or feeling of online community, and a higher degree of satisfaction with the overall learning experience. The results as a whole appear to challenge the researchers' initial assumptions. Benefits of audio e-mails are discussed and future research designs are suggested.
A time-lagged analysis of the effect of authentic leadership on workplace bullying, burnout, and occupational turnover intentions

Destructive interpersonal experiences at work result in negative feelings among employees and negative work outcomes. Understanding the mechanisms through which bullying can lead to burnout and subsequent turnover is important for preventing and managing this problem. Leaders play a key role in shaping positive work environments by discouraging negative interpersonal experiences and behaviours. The aim of this study is twofold. Specifically we aim to examine the relationship between authentic leadership and new graduate nurses experiences of workplace bullying and burnout over a 1-year timeframe in Canadian healthcare settings. Furthermore we aim to examine the process from workplace bullying to subsequent burnout dimensions, and to job and career turnover intentions. Results of structural equation models on new graduate nurses working in acute care settings in Ontario (N = 205) provide support for the hypothesized model linking supervisor's authentic leadership, subsequent work-related bullying, and burnout, and these in turn to job and career turnover intentions. Thus, the more leaders were perceived to be authentic the less likely nurses’ were to experience subsequent work-related bullying and burnout and to want to leave their job and profession. The results highlight the important role of leadership in preventing negative employee and organizational outcomes.
TLR9−/− and TLR9+/+ mice display similar immune responses to a DNA vaccine

Plasmid DNA continues to attract interest as a potential vaccine‐delivery vehicle. However, the mechanisms whereby immune responses are elicited by plasmids are not fully understood. Although there have been suggestions regarding the importance of CpG motifs in plasmid immunogenicity, the molecular mechanisms by which CpG motifs enhance immune responses to DNA vaccines are not well understood. As Toll‐like receptor 9‐deficient (TLR9−/−) mice fail to respond to the adjuvant effects of CpG oligonucleotides, we used these mice to determine the effect of CpG motifs in plasmids used for DNA immunization. In the study described below, we report that DNA immunization was as effective in eliciting antigen‐specific antibody and at stimulating antigen‐specific interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ)‐secreting cells in TLR9−/− mice as in TLR9+/+ mice. This study illustrates that DNA vaccines elicit immune responses by multiple mechanisms and demonstrates that TLR9 is not essential for the induction of immune responses following DNA immunization.
Detection of Low-Latitude Ionospheric Irregularities From GNSS Observations

The equatorial and low-latitude regions, from 20°N to 20°S, frequently experience strong ionospheric disturbances which affect the signals from global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). The satellite signals propagating through ionospheric irregularities undergo scattering and dispersion, resulting in the amplitude and phase scintillation of the signal. The signals from some of the satellites may encounter plasma irregularities along their path, causing them to be corrupted. In this paper, a fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based irregularity detecting algorithm called FFT averaging ratio (FAR) algorithm and an enhanced FAR algorithm have been implemented as postprocessing techniques to identify the satellite PRNs which were corrupted by the ionospheric irregularities. GNSS data was collected using a Novatel GPStation-6 receiver located at Koneru Lakshmaiah University (16°10'N/80°62'E) in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, in the southern part of India during the solar maximum year of 2013. FAR algorithm detected 991 events and enhanced FAR detected 954 events in 2013. Most of the disturbances were detected in the months of vernal equinox. The number of disturbances detected in the autumnal equinox months was small due to missing data over 46% of the total number of days in September and October. The summer solstice months showed very few events. A large number of disturbances were detected during the winter solstice month of December which is 43% higher than that of July. The outcome of this research work is compliant with the existing ionospheric climatological model for low-latitude regions.
The L4 22-Kilodalton Protein Plays a Role in Packaging of the Adenovirus Genome

ABSTRACT Packaging of the adenovirus (Ad) genome into a capsid is absolutely dependent upon the presence of a cis-acting region located at the left end of the genome referred to as the packaging domain. The functionally significant sequences within this domain consist of at least seven similar repeats, referred to as the A repeats, which have the consensus sequence 5′ TTTG-N8-CG 3′. In vitro and in vivo binding studies have demonstrated that the adenovirus protein IVa2 binds to the CG motif of the packaging sequences. In conjunction with IVa2, another virus-specific protein binds to the TTTG motifs in vitro. The efficient formation of these protein-DNA complexes in vitro was precisely correlated with efficient packaging activity in vivo. We demonstrate that the binding activity to the TTTG packaging sequence motif is the product of the L4 22-kDa open reading frame. Previously, no function had been ascribed to this protein. Truncation of the L4 22-kDa protein in the context of the viral genome did not reduce viral gene expression or viral DNA replication but eliminated the production of infectious virus. We suggest that the L4 22-kDa protein, in conjunction with IVa2, plays a critical role in the recognition of the packaging domain of the Ad genome that leads to viral DNA encapsidation. The L4 22-kDa protein is also involved in recognition of transcription elements of the Ad major late promoter.
Stable Concentrated Emulsions of the 1-Monoglyceride of Capric Acid (Monocaprin) with Microbicidal Activities against the Food-Borne Bacteria Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT Of 11 fatty acids and monoglycerides tested against Campylobacter jejuni, the 1-monoglyceride of capric acid (monocaprin) was the most active in killing the bacterium. Various monocaprin-in-water emulsions were prepared which were stable after storage at room temperature for many months and which retained their microbicidal activity. A procedure was developed to manufacture up to 500 ml of 200 mM preconcentrated emulsions of monocaprin in tap water. The concentrates were clear and remained stable for at least 12 months. They were active against C. jejuni upon 160- to 200-fold dilution in tap water and caused a >6- to 7-log10 reduction in viable bacterial count in 1 min at room temperature. The addition of 0.8% Tween 40 to the concentrates as an emulsifying agent did not change the microbicidal activity. Emulsions of monocaprin killed a variety of Campylobacter isolates from humans and poultry and also killed strains of Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter lari, indicating a broad anticampylobacter activity. Emulsions of 1.25 mM monocaprin in citrate-lactate buffer at pH 4 to 5 caused a >6- to 7-log10 reduction in viable bacterial counts of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli in 10 min. C. jejuni was also more susceptible to monocaprin emulsions at low pH. The addition of 5 and 10 mM monocaprin emulsions to Campylobacter-spiked chicken feed significantly reduced the bacterial contamination. These results are discussed in view of the possible utilization of monocaprin emulsions in controlling the spread of food-borne bacteria from poultry to humans.
Chemokines Are the Main Proinflammatory Mediators in Human Monocytes Activated by Staphylococcus aureus, Peptidoglycan, and Endotoxin*

It is widely believed that the cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6 are the main proinflammatory mediators induced in the host by bacteria and their cell wall components. To test this hypothesis, we compared the level of expression of 600 genes activated in human monocytes byStaphylococcus aureus, peptidoglycan, endotoxin, and interferon-γ. These stimulants induced expression of over 120 genes, as identified by cDNA arrays. The highest activated genes for proinflammatory mediators induced by all three bacterial stimulants were chemokine genes (IL-8 and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α), whereas cytokine genes (TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6) were induced to a lower extent. Genes for other chemokines (MIP-2α, MIP-1β, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) were also induced higher than the cytokine genes by peptidoglycan, and as high or higher than the cytokine genes by S. aureus and endotoxin. This high induction of chemokine genes was confirmed by quantitative RNase protection assay, and high secretion of chemokines was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Although genes for chemokines were the highest and genes for cytokines were the second highest induced genes by all three bacterial stimulants, each stimulus induced a unique pattern of gene expression. By contrast, expression of a completely different gene pattern was induced by a nonbacterial stimulus, interferon-γ. These results establish chemokines as the main mediators induced by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and are consistent with the highly inflammatory nature of bacterial infections.
New managerialism in education: commercialization, carelessness and gender

Kathleen Lynch and her colleagues Bernie Grummell and Dympna Devine have produced a frustratingly compelling volume that documents the arrival of ‘new managerialism’ in the Irish education system. To my reading, there is no question this volume provides a strong empirical case and analysis of how a somewhat unique system, from amongst the Occidental systems typically discussed in Anglophile research communities, has adopted similar rationale and procedures of governance now found across the global. In their own terms, this case shows how ‘Ireland has moved from being a state governed by theocratic principles to one governed by market principles’ (21). The subtitle of the volume, Commercialization, Carelessness and Gender, delineates the three main lines of analytical argument present across the volume, which does a superlative job of illustrating how it is that overt policies claiming to promote gender equity actually do not. The detail of how that policy failure happened and the insights given to the mechanisms of exclusion that define the glass ceiling faced by women in senior educational executives is the great contribution of the volume. This is very well-crafted empirical work, bringing together an array of macro-level historical documentation and analysis with the face-to-face interviews of people working through this transition. In essence, it is very easy for readers to see just how the micro and macro worked in tandem, and how individual decisions translate into macro systemic dynamics that really did directly contradict legal intent. (The volume points out that many of the gender equity initiatives were motivated with the force of law behind them.) The analytical scaffolding of this argument is what propels it. That is, after a general introduction to the notion of ‘new managerialism’ and its relationship to capital, the volume begins with a discussion of the ‘culture of governance’ in Irish education, a much-needed and parsimoniously constructed background for those of us not directly familiar with Irish
Performance Differences According to Test Mode and Computer Familiarity on a Practice Graduate Record Exam

Ideally, test performance is unrelated to the mode in which the test is administered. This study investigated the relationships between test mode (paper and pencil vs. computerized with editorial control and computerized without editorial control) and computer familiarity (lower, moderate, and higher) with test performance on the Graduate Record Exam (GRE). The GRE was administered to 222 undergraduates stratified by gender and randomly assigned to the three test mode groups. With self-reported grade point average as a covariate in a MANCOVA, the authors found that examinees in the paper-and-pencil group outperformed the computerized-without-editorial-control group on all subtests. The computerized-with-editorial-control group outperformed the computerized-without-editorial-control group on the Analytical subtest only. The authors also found a significant main effect for computer familiarity on the Analytical and Quantitative subtests. A significant interaction between computer familiarity and test mode on the Quantitative subtest confounded the main effect for that subtest. The subtests were dramatically more speeded in the computerized forms. The results emphasize the importance of evaluating time constraints when converting exams from paper-and-pencil to computer-delivery mode.
Factors Associated With Sex Under the Influence of Alcohol Among Adolescents With Divorced Parents

This study addresses the association of diverse individual variables, traditionally associated with sexual risk practices in the general population, with sex under the influence of alcohol in adolescents with divorced parents. A sample of 132 adolescents provided information about their knowledge and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS and sexual risk behaviors, self-concept, social anxiety, and sexual sensation seeking. Binary logistic regression revealed that not having sex under the influence is associated with a more positive predisposition to practice safe sex when finding an obstacle, and with less sexual sensation seeking. These and other findings are discussed.
Effects of an In-Service Program on Eight Teachers' Attitudes and Practices regarding Creative Dance

This article describes a study designed to examine the effects of an in-service program on 8 Canadian teachers' attitudes and practices regarding creative dance. The program addressed 7 areas relevant to planning and designing such programs: program content, clarification of goals, reasons for participation, students' reactions, support systems, program climate, and practical ideas and teaching methods. 8 case-study subjects, selected from those participating in a preworkshop interview, took part in 6 3-hour workshops, 2 classroom observation visits, journal writing, and a postworkshop interview. All teachers changed both their reported attitudes toward and practices regarding creative dance, and all change was in the direction of greater receptivity to creative dance. 4 months after the completion of the workshop series, all 8 teachers reported implementing creative dance in their classroom programs, and all said they planned to continue to use creative dance as an educational tool. These findings both support and extend the literature on staff development and change and contribute to knowledge of the conditions necessary for staff development to change teachers' attitudes and practices.
Barcode Technology Acceptance and Utilization in Health Information Management Department at Academic Hospitals According to Technology Acceptance Model

Nowdays, due to the increasing importance of quality care, organizations focuse on the improving provision, management and distribution of health. On one hand, incremental costs of the new technologies and on the other hand, increased knowledge of health care recipients and their expectations for high quality services have doubled the need to make changes in order to respond to resource constraints (financial, human, material). For this purpose, several technologies, such as barcode, have been used in hospitals to improve services and staff productivity; but various factors effect on the adoption of new technologies and despite good implementation of a technology and its benefits, sometimes personnel don’t accept and don’t use it. Methods: This is an applied descriptive cross-sectional study in which all the barcode users in health information management department of the three academic hospitals (Feiz, Al-Zahra, Ayatollah Kashani) affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were surveyed by the barcode technology acceptance questionnaire, in six areas as following: barcode ease of learning, capabilities, perception of its usefulness and its ease of use, users attitudes towards its using, and users intention. Results: The finding showed that barcode technology total acceptance was relatively desirable (%76.9); the most compliance with TAM model was related to the user perceptions about the ease of use of barcode technology and the least compliance was related to the ease of learning barcode technology (respectively %83.7 and %71.5). Conclusion: Ease of learning and barcode capability effect of usefulness and perceived ease of barcode technology. Users perceptions effect their attitudes toward greater use of technology and their attitudes have an effect on their intention to use the technology and finally, their intention makes actual use of the technology (acceptance). Therefore, considering the six elements related to technology implementation can be important in the barcode acceptance; because their chained relationship is clearly visible.
Consistencies and Biases in Risk Perception: II. Individual Subjects' Performance

I analyzed intuitive frequency judgments for deaths from 11 well-known causes. Data analysis at individual subjects' level showed that the response-range effect noted in 1994 by Saito, Kawabata, and Yamagishi operates at the individual subjects' level. Also, the response tendencies exhibited by individuals were highly consistent across three different methods of judgment elicitation. Implications for risk-perception research are discussed.
Dimensions of “uniquely” and “non‐uniquely” human emotions

Emotion scientists often distinguish those emotions that are encountered universally, even among animals ( “primary emotions”), from those experienced by human beings ( “secondary emotions”). No attempt, however, has ever been made to capture the lay conception about this distinction and to find the criteria on which the distinction is based. The first study presented in this paper was conducted in three countries involving four languages, so as to allow for cross‐cultural comparisons. Results showed a remarkable convergence. People from all samples not only differentiated between “uniquely human” and “non‐uniquely human” emotions on a continuum, but they did so on the same basis as the one used by emotion scientists to distinguish between “primary” and “secondary” emotions. Study 2 focused on the implicit use of such a distinction. When confronted with a human (animal) context, participants reacted faster to secondary (vs primary) emotions. The implications of the human uniqueness of some emotions within the social and interpersonal contexts are discussed.
Genistein Protects Hematopoietic Stem Cells against G-CSF–Induced DNA Damage

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been used to treat neutropenia in various clinical settings. Although clearly beneficial, there are concerns that the chronic use of G-CSF in certain conditions increases the risk of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and/or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The most striking example is in severe congenital neutropenia (SCN). Patients with SCN develop MDS/AML at a high rate that is directly correlated to the cumulative lifetime dosage of G-CSF. Myelodysplastic syndrome and AML that arise in these settings are commonly associated with chromosomal deletions. We have demonstrated in this study that chronic G-CSF treatment in mice results in expansion of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) population. In addition, primitive hematopoietic progenitors from G-CSF–treated mice show evidence of DNA damage as demonstrated by an increase in double-strand breaks and recurrent chromosomal deletions. Concurrent treatment with genistein, a natural soy isoflavone, limits DNA damage in this population. The protective effect of genistein seems to be related to its preferential inhibition of G-CSF–induced proliferation of HSCs. Importantly, genistein does not impair G-CSF–induced proliferation of committed hematopoietic progenitors, nor diminishes neutrophil production. The protective effect of genistein was accomplished with plasma levels that are attainable through dietary supplementation. Cancer Prev Res; 7(5); 534–44. ©2014 AACR.