Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Real Time IS6110-PCR, Microscopy, and Culture for Diagnosis of Tuberculous Meningitis in a Cohort of Adult Patients in Indonesia

Background Bacteriological confirmation of tuberculous (TB) meningitis is difficult. Culture is slow and microscopy has insufficient sensitivity. We evaluated real time PCR targeting insertion sequence IS6110 among 230 consecutive adult patients with subacute meningitis in a referral hospital in Indonesia. Methods Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were examined using microscopy, solid and liquid culture, and real time IS6110-PCR with a fluorescence-labeled probe using DNA extracted from CSF. CSF samples from 40 non-infectious neurology patients were used as negative controls. IS6110-PCR results were linked with clinical and CSF characteristics. Results Most patients presented with subacute meningitis, after a median of 14 days of symptoms (range 7–30). After exclusion of cryptococcal and bacterial meningitis, 207 patients were classified as definite or probable TB meningitis; 17.9% with HIV infection. Among this group IS6110-PCR gave the highest positivity rate (68%, 95% CI 62–74%) compared with microscopy of ZN-stained slides (11%, 95% CI 7–15%), and mycobacterial culture using solid (36%, 95% CI 29–42%) and liquid (44%, 95% CI 37–51%) media. IS6110-PCR was positive in 92% of patients with culture-positive and 42% of patients with culture-negative probable TB meningitis. Among culture-negative patients, a positive PCR was associated with a history of TB treatment, a longer duration of illness, a higher CSF cell count and protein, and a lower CSF glucose. IS6110-PCR was negative in all CSF samples from non-meningitis control patients. Conclusions Real time IS6110-PCR is a quick, sensitive, and specific test for diagnosing of TB meningitis in this setting. Its performance in other (less-developed) settings needs further study.
Reciprocal Relationships between Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) and Job Satisfaction: A Cross-Lagged Analysis

While previous research has mainly emphasised the importance of leader– member exchange (LMX) to job satisfaction, there is a lack of research on reciprocal relationships between job satisfaction and LMX. In this study, we not only suggest that good LMX increases job satisfaction, but that job satisfaction can also enhance high-quality supervisor–employee relationships. A full cross-lagged panel analysis was used to test reciprocal relationships between LMX and job satisfaction. Employees (N = 279) of a large information technology company filled out questionnaires at two times, with a time lag of 3 months. In line with our predictions, findings revealed a positive relationship between LMX and job satisfaction both at Time 1 and Time 2. Moreover, LMX at Time 1 predicted the increase of job satisfaction at Time 2, and job satisfaction at Time 1 predicted the increase of LMX at Time 2. The results demonstrate the need to consider reciprocal relationships between job satisfaction and LMX when explaining employees’ workplace outcomes. Our findings are discussed in terms of positive psychology theory.
Analysis of Charge Transport and Ionization Effect in Space-Used Polymers Under High-Energy Electron Irradiation

Polymer materials have been tested in the dedicated experimental facility SIRENE (ONERA, Toulouse, France) designed to reproduce the electron energy spectrum met in space in the (0–400 keV) energy range and to perform electric analysis on the materials through dedicated protocols with potential, current, and contactless pulsed-electro acoustic (CNES patent) measurements. A Novel experimental approach shall as well be presented, which allowed bringing into evidence the complex response of polymers under irradiation: polarization and charge differential mobility as well as physical structural changes have been analyzed with these new techniques allowing a better understanding and prediction of charging behavior and radiation-induced conductivity evolution of these polymers under space conditions.
Multiple components are required for sequence recognition of the AP1 site in the gibbon ape leukemia virus enhancer

At least two subunits contributed to the formation in vitro of a specific complex binding to the AP1 consensus sequence (TGAGTCA) in the gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV) enhancer in MLA144 cells. This complex can be dissociated on a monomeric GALV oligonucleotide affinity column. One protein, termed the core protein, was retained on the oligonucleotide affinity column. The second protein flowed through the oligonucleotide affinity column and, when alone, did not bind to DNA; however, when present with the core protein, it bound strongly and very specifically to the GALV sequence. MLA144 cells contained only trace amounts of c-fos and c-jun by immunoblot analysis, suggesting that the proteins specifically binding to the GALV AP1 site were distinct from c-fos and c-jun. In addition to the major complex that recognized the GALV element, MLA144 cells contained a minor complex that is chromatographically different from and antigenically related to c-fos. The factor in the flowthrough complemented a human T-cell nuclear extract (Jurkat cell line), which, when alone, had no assayable complex that specifically bound to the GALV enhancer; this complementation gave rise to a specific complex similar to that seen in MLA144 cells. Together, these results suggest that the GALV enhancer can interact with multicomponent protein complexes in a cell-line-specific manner.
An Economic Model of Crime and Police: Some Empirical Results

Crime and police are two interdependent phenomena; yet, they are often analyzed separately. This paper develops a simultaneous model of crime causation, police output and demand for police and therefore incorporates this inter dependence. It was found that relative illegal wages have a strong positive influence on crime, but police activity can retard crime. Further, police labor is positively related to police output and property crimes are more important than other types of felonies in increasing the demand for police.
Mean Effects of Test Accommodations for ELLs and Non‐ELLs: A Meta‐Analysis of Experimental Studies

The objective was to examine the impact of different types of accommodations on performance in content tests such as mathematics. The meta-analysis included 14 U.S. studies that randomly assigned school-aged English language learners (ELLs) to test accommodation versus control conditions or used repeated measures in counter-balanced order. Individual effect sizes (Glass's d) were calculated for 50 groups of ELLs and 32 groups of non-ELLs. Individual effect sizes for English language and native language accommodations were classified into groups according to type of accommodation and timing conditions. Means and standard errors were calculated for each category. The findings suggest that accommodations that require extra printed materials need generous time limits for both the accommodated and unaccommodated groups to ensure that they are effective, equivalent in scale to the original test, and therefore more valid owing to reduced construct-irrelevant variance. Computer-administered glossaries were effective even when time limits were restricted. Although the Plain English accommodation had very small average effect sizes, inspection of individual effect sizes suggests that it may be much more effective for ELLs at intermediate levels of English language proficiency. For Spanish-speaking students with low proficiency in English, the Spanish test version had the highest individual effect size (+1.45).
The Effects of Social Identification on Individual Effort under Conditions of Identity Threat and Regulatory Depletion

The current study examined whether the influence of social identification on effort exertion in identity-threatening situations could be altered through a prior engagement in an effortful task (i.e. regulatory resource depletion). One hundred university students took part in the study. The results revealed that under intergroup threat, higher social identification was associated with greater effort exertion. In contrast, under intragroup threat, lower social identification was associated with greater effort exertion. A decrease of regulatory resources hampered the effect of social identification on effort in both threatening situations, suggesting a role for regulatory processes in the influence of social identification on effort. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for the importance of regulatory responses in group-based contexts.
Trust in governance and the acceptance of genetically modified food in the Netherlands

This paper assumes that trust is a major issue in the interaction between government, citizens and societal organizations. The central question in this paper relates to the specific determinants of public trust. A survey study is reported (n = 1019) which focuses on the role of trust in the acceptance of genetically modified (GM) food. Our expectation was that three types of trust: “trust in governance,” “trust in government,” and “trust in NGOs” would be important predictors of the public acceptance of GM food. The data were collected in the summer of 2001 in the context of the formal Dutch public debate on GM food. The results indicate that 42 percent of the respondents do not trust developments in GM food. Only a third of the sample does trust the government with respect to GM food developments. Approximately 50 percent of the respondents express a high level of trust in nongovernmental organizations for this issue. The data further show that trust in governance seems to be an important constraint for the further development of GM food in the Netherlands. With higher levels of trust in governance people have a more positive attitude toward GM food, are more likely to accept it, and are more optimistic about technological developments.
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in Israeli dairy cattle

Two forms of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in Israeli dairy cattle herds during a survey period of 13 years (1989–2001) are described. The more common form, which was diagnosed in 45 herds, was characterized by ulcerative granulomatous lesions which occurred either sporadically – in 26 herds (with a morbidity rate of up to 5% – or in an epidemic course in 19 herds. Most (80·6%) of the affected animals were cows; the rest were first-calving cows (16·2%) and heifers (3·2%). The morbidity occurred mostly during the summer months. The ulcerative granulomatous lesions appeared in three clinical forms: cutaneous, mastitic and visceral. Mixed forms were also observed. The morbidity rate was 6·4% and the culling rate reached 16·3% of the affected animals. Most of the strains of C. pseudotuberculosis which were isolated from the abscesses in the cutaneous form of the disease and from milk samples failed to reduce nitrate. A decrease in milk production (6%) and an increase in bulk-milk somatic cell count were noted. Necrotic and ulcerative dermatitis on the heel of the foot occurred in an epidemic course in heifers in only two herds during the winter months, with morbidity rates of 7·5 and 76·2%, respectively. C. pseudotuberculosis isolates from skin lesions and from the soil did reduce nitrate. Clinical, epizootiological and microbiological aspects of the infection are described.
Establishing SCID mouse models of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Recently, the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is increasing, in which most are aggressive. It is limited for promoting the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy on NHL. In this study, mouse models of B-cell NHL were established for determining the efficacy and mechanisms of novel therapies. METHODS Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma SU-DHL-4 cells and Burkitt's lymphoma Daudi cells were injected into SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) mice through the tail veins to observe the presentations and requirements for establishing mouse models. The Daudi-cell lymphoma mice were divided into control group and rituximab group, and the latter received treatment of rituximab. The tumor onset and survival time of mice were investigated. RESULTS The median onset time of SU-DHL-4-cell lymphoma in SCID mice was 39.5 days, which presented cachexia, weight loss, erect hair, tardiness and enlarged tumors in the abdomen, rump or pelvic limb, but without tumor cell infiltration in the liver, spleen or bone marrow. The median onset time of Daudi-cell lymphoma in SCID mice was 30.5 days, which were characterized by paralyzed lower limbs and died about 9.5 days after paralysation. Most organs such as the liver, kidney, spleen and bone marrow were infiltrated by a number of Daudi cells. After treatment of rituximab, Daudi cells presented typical characteristics of apoptosis. The median paralysis time and survival time of mice with Daudi-cell lymphoma were significantly longer in rituximab group than in control group (52.5 days vs. 30.5 days, 76.5 days vs. 40 days, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION SCID mouse models of B-cell lymphoma can be successfully established with either SU-DHL-4 cells or Daudi cells.
ASYMMETRICAL LOWER EXTREMITY POWER DEFICIT AS A RISK FACTOR FOR INJURIOUS FALLS IN HEALTHY OLDER WOMEN

ours, with a recent history of distant diplopia without headache, although ophthalmological examination did not indicate the existence of papilledema. Cranial nerve VI has the longest intracranial course and is thus vulnerable to variations of the intracranial pressure. It may be damaged between its emergence from the belly of the pons and Dorello’s canal where it enters the cavernous sinus. The association between diplopia and bilateral CSH may correspond to two distinct physiopathological mechanisms. There may be bilateral abducens nerve damage because of the development of intracranial hypertension caused by posttraumatic subdural bleeding. Alternatively, it may be secondary to intracranial hypotension, with downward displacement of the brain, which leads to tearing of dural veins with subsequent subdural bleeding. This could explain the development of diplopia, with a possible secondary subdural hematoma in spontaneous or acquired intracranial hypotension. Nevertheless, the association between bilateral abducens nerve palsy and bilateral CSH is rare. The fact that bilateral CSH is predominantly encountered in older people, whose symptoms in relation to the acute pathology are not always in the foreground and can mislead the clinician, may explain this. The frequency of diplopia may therefore be underestimated. Moreover, CSH is not always correlated with intracranial hypertension. Normal to low pressure rates are reported in 30% to 50% of patients presenting with CSH. The relative slowness of the development of the hematoma, with progressive adaptation of intracranial pressure at the expense of cerebral and liquid compartments, in patients with cerebral atrophy can explain this. This was not the case in our patient, who presented with papilledema related to intracranial hypertension. The hematomas were evacuated under pressure, with a rapid subdural space collapse, which is not the general rule with bilateral CSH. Finally, hypotension was supposed to be the origin of the cranial trauma, and antihypertensive treatment was stopped. This case of bilateral CSH, bilateral VI nerve palsy, and papilledema is rarely mentioned in the literature. Intracranial hypertension was diagnosed with funduscopic examination. Special care must be reported for a thorough history and examination in such patients, often presenting a poor symptomatology that sometimes does not lead directly to the main diagnosis.
Entry Into School: The Beginning School Transition and Educational Stratification in the United States

Though critically important for children's long-term well being, the beginning school transition generally has been neglected by sociologists interested in issues of schooling and social inequality. This chapter examines early school from an educational stratification perspective. Life-stage and developmental considerations heighten young children's sensitivity to school influences generally, while pressures associated with social role transitions (i.e. from “home child” to “school child”) challenge them. We review how out-of-school social structural influences associated with poverty, ethnicity, and family type complicate early school adjustment. Reviewed too are various structural arrangements in the social organization of early schooling (e.g. access to preschools, the restricted socioeconomic variability of elementary schools, and various kinds of educational “tracking”) that can either reinforce or offset out-of-school influences. We conclude with a call for more work on mechanisms of educational str.
Investigation of a Large-Scale Mode of Ocean-Atmosphere Variability and Its Relation to Tropical Pacific Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies

Abstract By examining the linearly coupled atmospheric and oceanic signals related to interannual variability in sea surface temperatures and upper-air wind fields, a hemispheric-scale ocean–atmosphere teleconnection mode is isolated that is significantly correlated with equatorial Pacific SSTs 12 months later. The interannual component of this teleconnection mode is related to a basin-scale dipole in the upper-air wind fields stretching across the extratropical Pacific, with additional anomalies extending from the eastern tropical Pacific over North America and into the Atlantic basin. In addition, it is related to variability in the SST field with warm anomalies found over the tropical/subtropical western Pacific as well as the equatorial eastern Pacific; also, there are related cold anomalies over the extratropical central North Pacific that extend down into the central subtropical/tropical Pacific. Diagnostic studies investigating the ocean–atmosphere structure for this mode of variability indicate th.
Relationships between Sequelae of Injury, Participation, and Quality of Life in Survivors of Terrorist Attacks

This study described participation, health-related quality of life, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in survivors of terrorist attacks and examined the relationships among these outcomes. Participants were 35 survivors of terrorist attacks, an average of 2 years after the injury, with a mean age of 32.1 (± 13.8) years. Most of the participants suffered multiple traumatic injuries. Forty percent to 60% of the sample reported restrictions in participation in the areas of employment, leisure, and homemaking. The patterns of time use indicated a relatively small amount of time devoted to work and more to rest. Survivors who resumed their participation in work and leisure reported high percentages of perceived competence and enjoyment from these occupations. The survivors scored below the norm on the Medical Outcome Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) scales, indicating low health-related quality of life. A significant moderate correlation in the expected direction was found between the Participation Index total score and the SF-36 total score (r = −.560, p < .01). PTSD was found in 39% of the survivors. No significant difference was found between the group with PTSD versus the group without PTSD on the Participation Index total score (Z = −.481, p = .650); however, subjects without PTSD achieved significantly higher mean scores on the SF-36 total score than those with PTSD (Z = −2.85, p = .003). Further research is required to examine the possible qualitative effect of PTSD on participation in work, leisure, and home management.
Communication-Avoiding Parallel Algorithms for Solving Triangular Systems of Linear Equations

We present a new parallel algorithm for solving triangular systems with multiple right hand sides (TRSM). TRSM is used extensively in numerical linear algebra computations, both to solve triangular linear systems of equations as well as to compute factorizations with triangular matrices, such as Cholesky, LU, and QR. Our algorithm achieves better theoretical scalability than known alternatives, while maintaining numerical stability, via selective use of triangular matrix inversion. We leverage the fact that triangular inversion and matrix multiplication are more parallelizable than the standard TRSM algorithm. By only inverting triangular blocks along the diagonal of the initial matrix, we generalize the usual way of TRSM computation and the full matrix inversion approach. This flexibility leads to an efficient algorithm for any ratio of the number of right hand sides to the triangular matrix dimension. We provide a detailed communication cost analysis for our algorithm as well as for the recursive triangular matrix inversion. This cost analysis makes it possible to determine optimal block sizes and processor grids a priori. Relative to the best known algorithms for TRSM, our approach can require asymptotically fewer messages, while performing optimal amounts of computation and communication in terms of words sent.
Market Power in the Global Economy: The Exhaustion and Protection of Intellectual Property

We develop a North-South model in which a firm that enjoys monopoly status in the North (by virtue of a patent or a trademark) has the incentive to price discriminate internationally because Northern consumers value its product more than Southern ones. While North's policy regarding the territorial exhaustion of intellectual property rights (IPR) determines whether the firm can exercise market power across regions, Southern policy regarding the protection of IPR determines the firm's monopoly power within the South. In equilibrium, each region's policy takes into account the firm's pricing strategy, its incentive to export, and the other region's policy stance. Major results are: (i) the North is more likely to choose international exhaustion if the South protects IPR whereas the South is more willing to offer such protection if the North implements national exhaustion; (ii) the firm values IPR protection less than the freedom to price discriminate internationally if and only if its quality advantage over Southern imitators exceeds a certain threshold; and (iii) requiring the South to protect IPR increases global welfare iff such protection is necessary for inducing the firm to export to the South.
Artistic simulation of curly hair

Artistic simulation of hair presents many challenges - ranging from incorporating artistic control to dealing with extreme motions of characters. Additionally, in a production environment, the simulation needs to be fast and results need to be usable "out of the box" (without extensive parameter modifications) in order to produce content efficiently. These challenges are only increased when simulating curly, stylized hair. We present a method for stably simulating stylized curly hair that addresses these artistic needs and performance demands. To satisfy the artistic requirement of maintaining the curl's helical shape during motion, we propose a hair model based upon an extensible elastic rod. We introduce a method for stably computing a frame along the hair curve, essential for stable simulation of curly hair. Our hair model uses a spring for controlling the bending of the curl and another for maintaining the helical shape during extension. We also address performance concerns often associated with handling hair-hair contact interactions by efficiently parallelizing the simulation. To do so, we present a technique for pruning both hair-hair contact pairs and hair particles. Our method has been used on two full length feature films and has proven to be robust and stable over a wide range of animated motion and on a variety of hair styles, from straight to wavy to curly. It has proven invaluable in providing controllable, stable and efficient simulation allowing our artists to achieve their desired performance even when facing strict scheduling demands.