Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A cyanide-bridged heterometallic coordination polymer constructed from square-planar [Ni(CN)4](2-): synthesis, crystal structure, thermal decomposition, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum and magnetic properties.

Square-planar complexes are commonly formed by transition metal ions having a d(8) electron configuration. Planar cyanometallate anions have been used extensively as design elements in supramolecular coordination systems. In particular, square-planar tetracyanometallate(II) ions, i.e. [M(CN)4](2-) (M(II) = Ni, Pd or Pt), are used as good building blocks for bimetallic Hofmann-type assemblies and their analogues. Square-planar tetracyanonickellate(II) complexes have been extensively developed with N-donor groups as additional co-ligands, but studies of these systems using O-donor ligands are scarce. A new cyanide-bridged Cu(II)-Ni(II) heterometallic compound, poly[[diaquatetra-μ2-cyanido-κ(8)C:N-nickel(II)copper(II)] monohydrate], {[Cu(II)Ni(II)(CN)4(H2O)2]·H2O}n, has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction analyses, vibrational spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal analysis, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and magnetic moment measurements. The structural analysis revealed that it has a two-dimensional grid-like structure built up of cationic [Cu(H2O)2](2+) and anionic [Ni(CN)4](2-) units connected through bridging cyanide ligands. The overall three-dimensional supramolecular network is expanded by a combination of interlayer O-H.N and intralayer O-H.O hydrogen-bond interactions. The first decomposition reactions take place at 335 K under a static air atmosphere, which illustrates the existence of guest water molecules in the interlayer spaces. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum confirms that the Cu(II) cation has an axial coordination symmetry and that the unpaired electrons occupy the d(x(2)-y(2)) orbital. In addition, magnetic investigations showed that antiferromagnetic interactions exist in the Cu(II) atoms through the diamagnetic [Ni(CN)4](2-) ion.
Sliding-blade MEMS iris and variable optical attenuator

An iris-type variable aperture fabricated using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology is described. The device contains a number of shutter blades, which are each driven by a separate microactuator, and translated synchronously to create a variable polygonal aperture. The optical performance of devices with different numbers of blades is compared using simple analytic models and diffraction theory. The mechanism is simulated by finite element analysis. Four-blade devices driven by buckling mode electrothermal actuators are formed by double-sided patterning and deep reactive ion etching of bonded silicon-on-insulator and characterized experimentally. Symmetric deflections are obtained, and used to create a square pupil. Variable attenuation is demonstrated using optical fibres with thermally expanded cores.
Nurses’ perceptions of mental healthcare in primary-care settings in Kenya

ABSTRACT Kenya maintains an extraordinary treatment gap for mental health services because the need for and availability of mental health services are extraordinarily misaligned. One way to narrow the treatment gap is task-sharing, where specialists rationally distribute tasks across the health system, with many responsibilities falling upon frontline health workers, including nurses. Yet, little is known about how nurses perceive task-sharing mental health services. This article investigates nurses’ perceptions of mental healthcare delivery within primary-care settings in Kenya. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 60 nurses from a public urban (n = 20), private urban (n = 20), and public rural (n = 20) hospitals. Nurses participated in a one-hour interview about their perceptions of mental healthcare delivery. Nurses viewed mental health services as a priority and believed integrating it into a basic package of primary care would protect it from competing health priorities, financial barriers, stigma, and social problems. Many nurses believed that integrating mental healthcare into primary care was acceptable and feasible, but low levels of knowledge of healthcare providers, especially in rural areas, and few specialists, would be barriers. These data underscore the need for task-sharing mental health services into existing primary healthcare in Kenya.
Delipidation of mammalian Atg8-family proteins by each of the four ATG4 proteases

ABSTRACT During macroautophagy/autophagy, mammalian Atg8-family proteins undergo 2 proteolytic processing events. The first exposes a COOH-terminal glycine used in the conjugation of these proteins to lipids on the phagophore, the precursor to the autophagosome, whereas the second releases the lipid. The ATG4 family of proteases drives both cleavages, but how ATG4 proteins distinguish between soluble and lipid-anchored Atg8 proteins is not well understood. In a fully reconstituted delipidation assay, we establish that the physical anchoring of mammalian Atg8-family proteins in the membrane dramatically shifts the way ATG4 proteases recognize these substrates. Thus, while ATG4B is orders of magnitude faster at processing a soluble unprimed protein, all 4 ATG4 proteases can be activated to similar enzymatic activities on lipid-attached substrates. The recognition of lipidated but not soluble substrates is sensitive to a COOH-terminal LIR motif both in vitro and in cells. We suggest a model whereby ATG4B drives very fast priming of mammalian Atg8 proteins, whereas delipidation is inherently slow and regulated by all ATG4 homologs.
Development of magnesium-graphene nanoplatelets composite

In recent years, graphene has attracted a great research interest in all fields of sciences due to its unique properties. Its excellent mechanical properties lead it to be used in nanocomposites for strength enhancement. In current work, a new magnesium-graphene nanoplatelets composite is fabricated for the first time using semi-powder metallurgy method. The effect of graphene nanoplatelets addition on the mechanical behaviour of pure magnesium under both tension and hardness is investigated. The results demonstrate that graphene nanoplatelets are distributed homogeneously in the magnesium matrix, therefore act as an effective reinforcing filler to prevent the deformation. Compared to monolithic magnesium, the magnesium/0.3 wt% graphene nanoplatelets composite exhibited improved elastic modulus, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and Vickers hardness. The improvement in elastic modulus, yield strength (0.2%), ultimate tensile strength and Vickers hardness for magnesium/0.3 wt% graphene nanoplatelets composite relative to pure magnesium are up to +10.6%, +5%, +8% and +19.3%, respectively. In addition to tensile and hardness tests for the analysis of mechanical properties of as synthesized composite, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction are used to investigate the surface morphology, elemental percentage composition and phase analysis, respectively.
Racial, Ethnic, and Age Disparities in Incidence and Survival of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma in the United States; 1995-2014.

INTRODUCTION Despite reports of increased incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) in the United States, the impact of age or influences of race and ethnicity are not clear. Disparities in iCCA outcomes across various population subgroups also are not readily recognized due to the rarity of this cancer. We examined ethnic, race, age, and gender variations in iCCA incidence and survival using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (1995-2014). MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed age-adjusted incidence rates, average annual percentage change in incidence, and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause and iCCA-specific mortality. RESULTS Overall, 11,127 cases of iCCA were identified, with an age-adjusted incidence rate of 0.92 per 100,000. The incidence rate increased twofold, from 0.49 per 100,000 in 1995 to 1.49 per 100,000 in 2014, with an average annual rate of increase of 5.49%. The iCCA incidence rate was higher among persons age 45 years or older than those younger than 45 years (1.71 vs. 0.07 per 100,000), among males than females (0.97 vs. 0.88 per 100,000) and among Hispanics than non-Hispanics (1.18 vs. 0.89 per 100,000). Compared to non-Hispanics, Hispanics had poorer 5-year all-cause mortality (HR=1.11, 95%CI: 1.05-1.19) and poorer iCCA-specific mortality (HR=1.15, 95%CI: 1.07-1.24). Survival rates were poor also for individuals age 45 years or older, men, Blacks, and American Indians/Alaska Natives. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate ethnic, race, age and gender disparities in iCCA incidence and survival, and confirm continued increase in iCCA incidence in the United States.
Ligand activated progesterone receptor B drives autophagy-senescence transition through a Beclin-1/Bcl-2 dependent mechanism in human breast cancer cells

Loss of progesterone-receptors (PR) expression is associated with breast cancer progression. Herein we provide evidence that OHPg/PR-B through Beclin-1 evoke autophagy-senescence transition, in breast cancer cells. Specifically, OHPg increases Beclin-1 expression through a transcriptional mechanism due to the occupancy of Beclin-1 promoter by PR-B, together with the transcriptional coactivator SRC-2. This complex binds at a canonical half progesterone responsive element, which is fundamental for OHPg effects, as shown by site-directed mutagenesis. Beside, OHPg via non-genomic action rapidly activates JNK, which phosphorylates Bcl-2, producing the functional release from Beclin-1 interaction. This is not linked to an efficient autophagic flux, since p62 levels, marker of degradation via lysosomes, were not reduced after sustained OHPg stimulus. Instead, the cell cycle inhibitor p27 was induced, together with an irreversible G1 arrest, hallmark of cellular senescence. Specifically the increase of senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity was blocked by Bcl-2 siRNA but also by Beclin-1 siRNA. Collectively these findings support the importance of PR-B expression in breast cancer cells, thus targeting PR-B may be a useful strategy to provide additional approaches to existing therapies for breast cancer patients.
Molecular testing for thyroid nodules: Review and current state

Thyroid nodules affect nearly two‐thirds of the world population. Fine‐needle biopsy with cytologic evaluation remains the diagnostic test of choice to distinguish benign from malignant thyroid nodules yet fails to discriminate as benign or malignant in up to one‐third of cases. This review discusses the limitation of current cytopathologic evaluation, the development of thyroid molecular testing, and the strengths and limitations of commercially available tests. Initial cytomolecular testing sought to identify specific gene mutations associated with thyroid cancer. Although the presence of a mutation was strongly associated with cancer, the likelihood of identifying a mutation was low; therefore, the test had low sensitivity. Subsequent tests developed have sought to improve the accuracy of cytomolecular testing for thyroid fine‐needle aspirations, both to reassure patients and providers when malignancy may be absent and to confirm the malignancy when present. The development of cytomolecular testing for thyroid nodules has informed and improved current understanding of thyroid nodule formation and progression. When used appropriately and with clear understanding of the advantages and disadvantages, cytomolecular testing has the potential to improve patient care in the setting of indeterminate thyroid nodules by helping to guide both the need for and the extent of thyroid surgery. Cancer 2018;124:888‐98. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Active Classification with Comparison Queries

We study an extension of active learning in which the learning algorithm may ask the annotator to compare the distances of two examples from the boundary of their label-class. For example, in a recommendation system application (say for restaurants), the annotator may be asked whether she liked or disliked a specific restaurant (a label query); or which one of two restaurants did she like more (a comparison query). We focus on the class of half spaces, and show that under natural assumptions, such as large margin or bounded bit-description of the input examples, it is possible to reveal all the labels of a sample of size n using approximately O(log n) queries. This implies an exponential improvement over classical active learning, where only label queries are allowed. We complement these results by showing that if any of these assumptions is removed then, in the worst case, &#x03A9;(n) queries are required.Our results follow from a new general framework of active learning with additional queries. We identify a combinatorial dimension, called the inference dimension, that captures the query complexity when each additional query is determined by O(1) examples (such as comparison queries, each of which is determined by the two compared examples). Our results for half spaces follow by bounding the inference dimension in the cases discussed above.
Sonographic Findings of Hands and Wrists in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients With Jaccoud Arthropathy

Introduction Jaccoud arthropathy (JA) is a deforming nonerosive arthropathy, characterized by the presence of “reversible” joint deformity. The study aims at describing the main musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) findings of a series of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with JA. Methods Consecutive patients diagnosed as having JA and SLE were included in the study. All patients underwent a whole clinical evaluation and US of the hands and wrists. The US scan evaluated the presence of synovial hypertrophy, tenosynovitis, and bone erosions. Results Thirty-nine of 40 patients were female. The US examination was performed on 560 joints of the hands and wrists. At least 1 change was observed in the US examination of 20 patients (50.0%), but there was not a statistically significant association with disease activity (P = 0.33). Nineteen patients (47.5%) had synovial hypertrophy, 9 (22.5%) had tenosynovitis, and 7 (17.5%) had both. Isolated small bone erosions were identified in 2 patients (5.0%). Conclusions Ultrasound examination is a reliable and noninvasive imaging method for the evaluation of joint involvement in SLE. Half of the patients with JA have ultrasonographic signs of joint inflammation, and these abnormalities may be found even in the absence of disease activity.
Neuronal plasticity in animal models and the epileptic human hippocampus

Prolonged status epilepticus in humans as in experimental animals can initiate the development of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) (Kapur, 1999). Therefore, application of potent convulsant substances such as kainic acid or pilocarpine in rats induces acute status epilepticus that, after a silent period of 1–2 weeks, is followed by spontaneous convulsions. The status epilepticus is characterized by severe limbic seizures and sequelae of neuropathologic signs including opening of the blood–brain barrier, local brain edema, bleeding into the brain, and activation of microglia and astrocytes followed by neurodegeneration in the hippocampus, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, and other brain areas (Sperk et al., 1983; Du et al., 1993; Rizzi et al., 2003). Induced by the seizure activity, neurotransmitters such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, or amine transmitters are released from their stores and mechanisms of their resynthesis are strongly activated (Sperk et al., 1983). In addition, pronounced changes in the expression of multiple functionally important proteins have been found in brains of experimental animals and humans (Herdegen et al., 1993; Sperk, 1994; McNamara, 1999; Morimoto et al., 2004).
Perceived Entitlement Causes Discrimination Against Attractive Job Candidates in the Domain of Relatively Less Desirable Jobs

People generally hold positive stereotypes of physically attractive people and because of those stereotypes often treat them more favorably. However, we propose that some beliefs about attractive people, specifically, the perception that attractive individuals have a greater sense of entitlement than less attractive individuals, can result in negative treatment of attractive people. We examine this in the context of job selection and propose that for relatively less desirable jobs, attractive candidates will be discriminated against. We argue that the ascribed sense of entitlement to good outcomes leads to perceptions that attractive individuals are more likely to be dissatisfied working in relatively less desirable jobs. When selecting candidates for relatively less desirable jobs, decision makers try to ascertain whether a candidate would be satisfied in those jobs, and the stereotype of attractive individuals feeling entitled to good outcomes makes decision makers judge attractive candidates as more likely to be dissatisfied in relatively less (but not more) desirable jobs. Consequently, attractive candidates are discriminated against in the selection for relatively less desirable jobs. Four experiments found support for this theory. Our results suggest that different discriminatory processes operate when decision makers select among candidates for relatively less desirable jobs and that attractive people might be systematically discriminated against in a segment of the workforce.
Developing a cultural context for conducting a neuropsychological evaluation with a culturally diverse client: the ECLECTIC framework*

Abstract Objective: With the increasing diversification of the American population, the discipline of neuropsychology is challenged to develop appropriate tools and conceptual models to meet its evolving client base. Thus far, the focus has been on developing appropriate tests and norms to obtain accurate testing data. By contrast, far less attention has been paid to the contextual impact of culture on an evaluation. This paper attempts to address this shortcoming. Methods: This manuscript introduces the ECLECTIC framework for conceptualizing different facets of culture pertinent for understanding a culturally diverse client when conducting a neuropsychological evaluation. Individual components of the framework (E: education and literacy; C: culture and acculturation; L: language; E: economics; C: communication; T: testing situation: comfort and motivation; I: intelligence conceptualization; and C: context of immigration) are introduced and potential biases to fairness in testing are described. In this manner, the framework specifies how individual facets of culture can impact neuropsychological test performance. Conclusions: Clinical implementation of the framework will be illustrated with a case sample. Strengths and weaknesses of the framework are discussed as well as recommendations for implementation.
Nine-Year Single-Center Experience With Transcatheter Arterial Embolization for Hemoptysis: Medium-Term Outcomes

Purpose: To determine the medium-term efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for hemoptysis. Materials and Methods: A total of 128 TAE were performed from April 1999 to April 2008 in 58 patients (30:28 F:M) with mean age of 49 (range:16-89). Major causes of hemoptysis included cystic fibrosis/bronchiectasis (24 of 58); lung metastasis (8 of 58); lung cancer (7 of 58); fungal infection (4 of 58). Follow-up was available in 57 of 58 for a median of 1.28 years. Primary and secondary efficacy of TAE for hemoptysis was calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimates. Results: Technical and clinical successes were estimated at 58 (100%) of 58 and 57 (98%) of 58, respectively. Recurrent hemoptysis occurred in 40% (23 of 58). In all, 34% (20 of 58) died during follow-up. Kaplan-Meier estimates for primary and secondary efficacy of TAE at 2, 4, 6, and 8 years were 0.82, 0.46, 0.17, and 0.09 (benign disease) and 0.30, 0, 0, and 0 (malignant disease), respectively. Conclusion: TAE is an effective treatment for hemoptysis in both short- and medium-terms, especially in benign lung disease.
Crosstalk Between Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes in a 0.18-μm High-Voltage CMOS Process

Crosstalk between single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) fabricated by the standard CMOS process is extensively investigated. The dependence of device structure, device-to-device distance, and bias voltage on crosstalk has been experimentally studied. Our work reveals that direct-path optical crosstalk dominates in these CMOS SPADs, which is also confirmed with the first time-correlated crosstalk measurement. This work is valuable for SPAD array design and optimization in CMOS technology.
Effect of Pre-cold-working on Diffusional Reversion of Deformation Induced Martensite in Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel

Metastable austenitic stainless steels undergo deformation induced transformation to bcc martensitic structure during cold-working. The martensite induced reverts to austenite at a relatively low temperature and this leads to the formation of ultra fine austenite grains of less than 1 μm in diameter. In this paper, the effect of pre-cold-working on the morphology of reversed austenite was investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy and tensile test. The alloy used is an Fe-18.08%Cr-8.65%Ni alloy. Since this alloy has metastable austenitic structure at room temperature, it almost transforms to lath-martensite by 50% cold-rolling. Further cold-rolling above 50% deforms transformed martensite itself, and results in the formation of dislocation-cell structure instead of lath-martensitic structure. The diffusional reversion of deformation induced martensite takes place at around 900 K and precold-working to lath-martensite not only promotes the reversion but also gives a large effect on the microstructure of reversed austenite: Reversed arstenite is characterized, in a specimen with 50% pre-cold-working, by the stratum structure of austenite laths and blocks, which looks like a lath-martensitic structure, while in a specimen with heavy pre-cold-working, by the structure of fine equiaxed grains. On the discussion of grain boundary strengthening in the former case, 0.2% proof stress depends not on the lath size but on the block size of reversed austenite.
Brief Report: Seroprevalence of Pertussis Infection in HIV-Infected Adults in the United States

Abstract:Pertussis is a resurgent infection that can cause significant morbidity among adults. CD4+ T cells are necessary for its clearance, but pertussis studies in HIV-infected adults are limited to case reports. We analyzed stored serum samples from 299 HIV-infected adults to determine the seroprevalence of pertussis among this population. We found that 4.3% of subjects had serologic evidence of recent pertussis infection, and annual incidence of pertussis infection among subjects not vaccinated against pertussis in the last 5 years was 10.5%–17.5%. Prospective studies are needed to define the clinical presentation of pertussis in HIV-infected adults and to optimize vaccination strategies.
Determination of Residual Stress in Composite Laminates Using the Incremental Hole-drilling Method

The cooling conditions used in the forming process of composite materials play an important role in the creation ofresidual stress. In this study, a new method for measuring residual stress in composite laminates is presented. Three cooling conditions were used to produce different residual stress levels. Residual stresses in [02/902]s and [08] laminate have been measured by the incremental holedrilling method combined with 3-D finite element modelling. A software which quickly calculates all the coefficients for each increment was developed. The automatic procedure can be used to calculate the calibration coefficient for any type oflaminate (ply number, mechanic characteristics,.) and whatever the number of increments and their depths. The different results show that this method provides access to the in-depth distribution and through thickness ofresidual stress in the laminate with a good accuracy and practicality.