Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge-Based WSD and Specific Domains: Performing Better than Generic Supervised WSD

This paper explores the application of knowledge-based Word Sense Disambiguation systems to specific domains, based on our state-of-the-art graph-based WSD system that uses the information in WordNet. Evaluation was performed over a publicly available domain-specific dataset of 41 words related to Sports and Finance, comprising examples drawn from three corpora: one balanced corpus (BNC), and two domain-specific corpora (news related to Sports and Finance). The results show that in all three corpora our knowledge-based WSD algorithm improves over previous results, and also over two state-of-the-art supervised WSD systems trained on SemCor, the largest publicly available annotated corpus. We also show that using related words as context, instead of the actual occurrence contexts, yields better results on the domain datasets, but not on the general one. Interestingly, the results are higher for domain-specific corpus than for the general corpus, raising prospects for improving current WSD systems when applied to specific domains.
Analysis of correlation between initial alveolar bone density and apical root resorption after 12 months of orthodontic treatment without extraction

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between initial alveolar bone density of upper central incisors (ABD-UI) and external apical root resorption (EARR) after 12 months of orthodontic movement in cases without extraction. METHODS: A total of 47 orthodontic patients 11 years old or older were submitted to periapical radiography of upper incisors prior to treatment (T1) and after 12 months of treatment (T2). ABD-UI and EARR were measured by means of densitometry. RESULTS: No statistically significant correlation was found between initial ABD-UI and EARR at T2 (r = 0.149; p = 0.157). CONCLUSION: Based on the present findings, alveolar density assessed through periapical radiography is not predictive of root resorption after 12 months of orthodontic treatment in cases without extraction.
Go this way: navigation for better access quality in mobile networks

Despite the wide deployment of mobile network infrastructure, mobile users still experience varying network quality. We posit that it is caused by the combined effects of the imbalanced geographic coverage of mobile networks and users' lacking (and thus ignoring) such information when choosing their travel paths. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme, network-oriented navigation (NetNavi), for mobile users to improve their network access on a trip. More specifically, we overlay the physical road map with mobile network performance maps to find paths satisfying user needs on both network quality and travel delay. Through evaluations of two major cellular networks on three maps of different scales and locations, we show that NetNavi can significantly improve network access quality at low cost for mobile users, increasing the average download throughput by 67.5% for 67.6% source-destination pairs with only 11.4% extra travel delay (and as significant as 193.8% with only 3% extra travel delay in some cases). Our results, although preliminary, demonstrate the great potentials of improving network access quality for mobile users, without even changing network infrastructure or mobile applications.
Extracción y caracterización reológica de almidón y pectina en frutos de plátano ‘Pera’ (Musa ABB)

La reologia es de fundamental importancia en la fabricacion de alimentos para comprender la manera en la cual una sustancia se mueve y se comporta para poder transportarla y mezclarla durante su procesamiento. El objetivo fue cuantificar la extraccion y caracterizar reologicamente el almidon y la pectina de frutos de platano ‘Pera’ (Musa ABB). Por cada 100 g de harina seca de frutos de platano ‘Pera’ se tuvo un rendimiento de extraccion de 56.53% de almidon y 9.73% de pectina. El perfil reologico de los polisacaridos tuvo un indice de consistencia (Pa sn) de 0.0325 (almidon) y 0.0140 (pectina) e indices de flujo (n, adimensional) de 0.7225 (almidon) y 0.7800 (pectina). Ambos polisacaridos presentaron un flujo no- Newtoniano y un comportamiento pseudoplastico. Los frutos de platano ‘Pera’ (Musa ABB) pueden representar una fuente alternativa no convencional para la extraccion de almidon y pectina, y potencialmente podrian utilizarse en la industria de los alimentos como ingredientes o para elaborar recubrimientos comestibles.
Buffer or Amplifier? Longitudinal Effects of Social Support for Functional Autonomy/Dependence on Older Adults’ Chronic Pain Experiences

Objective: This longitudinal study aimed to investigate (a) the moderating role of formal social support for functional autonomy versus dependence on the relationship between pain intensity and pain-related disability among older adults with chronic pain and (b) the mediating role of pain-related self-efficacy and pain-related fear in this moderation. Method: One hundred and seventy older adults (Mage = 78.0; SD = 8.7) with chronic musculoskeletal pain participated in a 3-month prospective study, with 3 measurement moments. Participants filled out the Formal Social Support for Autonomy and Dependence in Pain Inventory, the Portuguese versions of the Brief Pain Inventory, the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia. Results: Using structural equation modeling, it was found that perceived promotion of autonomy, at Time 1, moderated the relationship between pain intensity (T1) and pain-related disability (T2); this moderation was fully mediated by pain-related self-efficacy (T2). Perceived promotion of dependence was not a significant moderator. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of social support for functional autonomy in buffering the impact of pain intensity on older adults’ pain-related disability. Also, they clarify the role of pain-related self-efficacy in this effect. Implications for the development of intervention programs, with formal caregivers, to reduce the impact of chronic pain on older adults’ healthy ageing process, are discussed.
Satellite Tracking of Manta Rays Highlights Challenges to Their Conservation

We describe the real-time movements of the last of the marine mega-vertebrate taxa to be satellite tracked – the giant manta ray (or devil fish, Manta birostris), the world's largest ray at over 6 m disc width. Almost nothing is known about manta ray movements and their environmental preferences, making them one of the least understood of the marine mega-vertebrates. Red listed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature as ‘Vulnerable’ to extinction, manta rays are known to be subject to direct and incidental capture and some populations are declining. Satellite-tracked manta rays associated with seasonal upwelling events and thermal fronts off the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico, and made short-range shuttling movements, foraging along and between them. The majority of locations were received from waters shallower than 50 m deep, representing thermally dynamic and productive waters. Manta rays remained in the Mexican Exclusive Economic Zone for the duration of tracking but only 12% of tracking locations were received from within Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). Our results on the spatio-temporal distribution of these enigmatic rays highlight opportunities and challenges to management efforts.
Cyclomatic Complexity and Lines of Code: Empirical Evidence of a Stable Linear Relationship

Researchers have often commented on the high correlation between McCabe’s Cyclomatic Complexity (CC) and lines of code (LOC). Many have believed this correlation high enough to justify adjusting CC by LOC or even substituting LOC for CC. However, from an empirical standpoint the relationship of CC to LOC is still an open one. We undertake the largest statistical study of this relationship to date. Employing modern regression techniques, we find the linearity of this relationship has been severely underestimated, so much so that CC can be said to have absolutely no explanatory power of its own. This research presents evidence that LOC and CC have a stable practically perfect linear relationship that holds across programmers, languages, code paradigms (procedural versus object-oriented), and software processes. Linear models are developed relating LOC and CC. These models are verified against over 1.2 million randomly selected source files from the SourceForge code repository. These files represent software projects from three target languages (C, C++, and Java) and a variety of programmer experience levels, software architectures, and development methodologies. The models developed are found to successfully predict roughly 90% of CC’s variance by LOC alone. This suggest not only that the linear relationship between LOC and CC is stable, but the aspects of code complexity that CC measures, such as the size of the test case space, grow linearly with source code size across languages and programming paradigms.
3D modeling and control of fuel sloshing in a spacecraft

Fuel sloshing is a critical problem in attitude control of spacerobots. This paper presents a 3D mathematical model to describe dynamic of fuel slosh in spacerobot's container. A multi-pendulum model is considered for characterization of the most prominent sloshing modes. After modeling, a nonlinear feedback control law is designed to control the attitude and translation velocity vectors of the spacerobot in orbital maneuvering. In this paper, spacerobot is modeled by a rigid body and the whole fuel is modeled by a fixed mass and two sloshing masses. Also, the control subjects are three torques about the rigid body and two gimbal deflection angles.
Logistic Regression: The Importance of Being Improper

Learning linear predictors with the logistic loss---both in stochastic and online settings---is a fundamental task in machine learning and statistics, with direct connections to classification and boosting. Existing "fast rates" for this setting exhibit exponential dependence on the predictor norm, and Hazan et al. (2014) showed that this is unfortunately unimprovable. Starting with the simple observation that the logistic loss is $1$-mixable, we design a new efficient improper learning algorithm for online logistic regression that circumvents the aforementioned lower bound with a regret bound exhibiting a doubly-exponential improvement in dependence on the predictor norm. This provides a positive resolution to a variant of the COLT 2012 open problem of McMahan and Streeter (2012) when improper learning is allowed. This improvement is obtained both in the online setting and, with some extra work, in the batch statistical setting with high probability. We also show that the improved dependence on predictor norm is near-optimal. Leveraging this improved dependency on the predictor norm yields the following applications: (a) we give algorithms for online bandit multiclass learning with the logistic loss with an $\tilde{O}(\sqrt{n})$ relative mistake bound across essentially all parameter ranges, thus providing a solution to the COLT 2009 open problem of Abernethy and Rakhlin (2009), and (b) we give an adaptive algorithm for online multiclass boosting with optimal sample complexity, thus partially resolving an open problem of Beygelzimer et al. (2015) and Jung et al. (2017). Finally, we give information-theoretic bounds on the optimal rates for improper logistic regression with general function classes, thereby characterizing the extent to which our improvement for linear classes extends to other parametric and even nonparametric settings.
Lactic acid bacteria and cancer: mechanistic perspective

Colorectal cancer is one of the most important causes of cancer morbidity and mortality in Western countries. While a myriad of healthful effects have been attributed to the probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB), perhaps the most controversial remains that of anticancer activity. It should be pointed out that there is no direct experimental evidence for cancer suppression in man as a result of consumption of lactic cultures in fermented or unfermented dairy products. However, there is a wealth of indirect evidence, based largely on laboratory studies, in the literature. The precise mechanisms by which LAB may inhibit colon cancer are presently unknown. However, such mechanisms might include: alteration of the metabolic activities of intestinal microflora; alteration of physico-chemical conditions in the colon; binding and degrading potential carcinogens; quantitative and/or qualitative alterations in the intestinal microflora incriminated in producing putative carcinogen(s) and promoters (e.g. bile acid-metabolising bacteria); production of antitumourigenic or antimutagenic compounds; enhancing the host's immune response; and effects on physiology of the host. These potential mechanisms are addressed in the present paper.
Deep learning as a tool for neural data analysis: Speech classification and cross-frequency coupling in human sensorimotor cortex

A fundamental challenge in neuroscience is to understand what structure in the world is represented in spatially distributed patterns of neural activity from multiple single-trial measurements. This is often accomplished by learning a simple, linear transformations between neural features and features of the sensory stimuli or motor task. While successful in some early sensory processing areas, linear mappings are unlikely to be ideal tools for elucidating nonlinear, hierarchical representations of higher-order brain areas during complex tasks, such as the production of speech by humans. Here, we apply deep networks to predict produced speech syllables from a dataset of high gamma cortical surface electric potentials recorded from human sensorimotor cortex. We find that deep networks had higher decoding prediction accuracy compared to baseline models. Having established that deep networks extract more task relevant information from neural data sets relative to linear models (i.e., higher predictive accuracy), we next sought to demonstrate their utility as a data analysis tool for neuroscience. We first show that deep network’s confusions revealed hierarchical latent structure in the neural data, which recapitulated the underlying articulatory nature of speech motor control. We next broadened the frequency features beyond high-gamma and identified a novel high-gamma-to-beta coupling during speech production. Finally, we used deep networks to compare task-relevant information in different neural frequency bands, and found that the high-gamma band contains the vast majority of information relevant for the speech prediction task, with little-to-no additional contribution from lower-frequency amplitudes. Together, these results demonstrate the utility of deep networks as a data analysis tool for basic and applied neuroscience.
Different glucagon effects during DPP‐4 inhibition versus SGLT‐2 inhibition in metformin‐treated type 2 diabetes patients

Previous studies have shown that dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)‐4 inhibition lowers glucagon levels whereas sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT‐2) inhibition increases them. This study evaluated the extent of these opposite effects in a direct comparative head‐to‐head study.
Preliminary Development and Evaluation of an Algorithm to Identify Breast Cancer Chemotherapy Toxicities Using Electronic Medical Records and Administrative Data.

PURPOSE Breast cancer chemotherapy toxicity is not well documented outside of randomized trials. We developed and conducted preliminary evaluation of an algorithm to detect grade 3 and 4 toxicities using electronic data from a large integrated managed care organization. METHODS The algorithm used administrative, pharmacy, and electronic data from outpatient, emergency room, and inpatient records of 99 women diagnosed with breast cancer from 2006 to 2009 who underwent chemotherapy. Data were abstracted for 12 months post-treatment initiation (24 months for trastuzumab recipients). An oncology nurse independently blindly reviewed records; these results were the "gold standard. " Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for overall toxicity, categories of toxicities, and toxicity by age or regimen. The algorithm was applied to an independent sample of 1,575 patients with breast cancer diagnosed during the study period to estimate prevalence rates. RESULTS The overall sensitivity for detecting chemotherapy-related toxicity was 89% (95% CI, 77% to 95%). The highest sensitivity was for identification of hematologic toxicities (97%; 95% CI, 84% to 99%). There were good sensitivities for infectious toxicity, but rates dropped for GI and neurological toxicities. Specificity was high within each category (89% to 99%), but when combined to measure any toxicity, it was lower (70%; 95% CI, 57% to 81%). When applied to an independent chemotherapy sample, the algorithm estimates a 26% rate of hematologic toxicity; rates were higher among patients age ≥ 65 years versus less than 65 years. CONCLUSIONS If validated in other samples and health care settings, algorithms to capture toxicity could be useful in comparative and cost-effectiveness evaluations of community practice-delivered treatment.
Shear Strength and Stiffness of Expansive Soil and Rubber (ESR) Mixtures in Undrained Axisymmetric Compression

The shear strength and stiffness of expansive soil and rubber (ESR) mixtures were evaluated systematically in this study in undrained axisymmetric compression. The materials tested included the Pierre shale residual soil from the Front Range of Colorado and granulated rubber with 6.7-mm nominal maximum particle size. The three mass-based rubber contents used were 0, 10 and 20%. All specimens subjected to element testing were consistently prepared at soil states defined for a single level of relative compaction equal to 95% and optimum water content, based on the standard Proctor compaction curves of each mixture. The effects of the rubber content and mean effective stress were systematically evaluated by performing isotropically consolidated undrained triaxial tests at mean effective stresses equal to 50, 100 and 200 kPa. Bender element tests were used to determine the small-strain stiffness of the Pierre shale residual soil and its ESR mixtures at mean effective stresses of 50, 100 and 200 kPa. The critical-state friction angle increased with increasing rubber content for specimens compacted to and tested at similar initial states. Conversely, the stiffness of the ESR mixtures decreased with increasing rubber content for all three levels of mean effective stress used in the tests. The drop in stiffness was more significant at low mean effective stresses.
Triadic Closure Pattern Analysis and Prediction in Social Networks

We study the problem of group formation in online social networks. In particular, we focus on one of the most important human groups-the triad-and try to understand how closed triads are formed in dynamic networks, by employing data from a large microblogging network as the basis of our study. We formally define the problem of triadic closure prediction and conduct a systematic investigation. The study reveals how user demographics, network characteristics, and social properties influence the formation of triadic closure. We also present a probabilistic graphical model to predict whether three persons will form a closed triad in a dynamic network. Different kernel functions are incorporated into the proposed graphical model to quantify the similarity between triads. Our experimental results with the large microblogging dataset demonstrate the effectiveness (+10 percent over alternative methods in terms of F1-Score) of the proposed model for the prediction of triadic closure formation.
Blood pressure treatment adherence and control through 24-hour ambulatory monitoring.

BACKGROUND Although systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is an important cardiovascular risk factor, blood pressure level control often remains inadequate. Assessment of adherence to antihypertensive treatment through 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) may represent an important aid in the search for BP control targets. OBJECTIVE To assess adherence to antihypertensive treatment and its association with BP values at 24-hour ABPM in hypertensive patients treated in primary health care (PHC) centers. METHODS We carried out a cross-sectional study of 143 hypertensive patients, who constituted a representative sample of patients from PHC centers in the town of Antonio Prado, RS. The Morisky-Green test was used to evaluate adherence and verify the number of medications used by patients, followed by 24-hour ABPM. RESULTS We observed that 65.7% of the sample was considered adherent to the proposed treatment, 20.3% were moderately adherent and only 14% were classified as non-adherent. Considering all the 143 patients evaluated, 79 (55.2%) were identified as having controlled hypertension (<130/80 mmHg) according to the 24-hour ABPM measurements, 64 (44.8%) were considered uncontrolled (>130/80 mmHg), 103 (72%) had absence of nocturnal BP dip and 60 (41.9%) were uncontrolled while awake. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we observed a lack of adequate hypertension control with a consequent loss of opportunity for PHC professionals to adequately adjust the recommended BP control targets. This fact occurs in spite of proper adherence to antihypertensive treatment by patients in PHC centers.
Intergenerational Transmission of Socioeconomic Position and Ideal Cardiovascular Health: 32-Year Follow-Up Study

Objectives: Socioeconomic position (SEP) in childhood predicts cardiovascular health in adulthood but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using a longitudinal study design, we examined the extent to which adult SEP acts as a pathway (mediator) connecting childhood SEP with adult cardiovascular health, and if upward social mobility mitigates the health-effects of early low SEP. Method: The sample comprised 697 participants from a prospective Finnish cohort followed during 32 years. Childhood SEP was assessed from the parents in 1980 (participant mean age 10.9) and adulthood SEP was examined in 2007 and 2012 (participant mean age 43.2 in 2012). Both childhood and adulthood SEP scores comprised education, income, occupational status, and occupational stability. Ideal cardiovascular health was assessed in 2007 and 2012 according to the American Heart Association’s guidelines. Results: Higher childhood SEP was associated with higher ideal cardiovascular health index in adulthood (&bgr; = 0.13, p < .001) independently of sex, age, childhood cardiovascular risk factors, and chronic conditions. Mediation analysis showed that adult SEP accounted for 33% of the association between childhood SEP and ideal cardiovascular health index. Upwardly mobile participants scored higher on ideal cardiovascular health in adulthood compared with participants staying in lower SEP (M = 4.05 vs. 3.56, p < .001). Conclusions: Transmission of SEP over generations is a predictor of health inequalities, which should be considered in cardiovascular prevention. Although upward social mobility mitigates some of the effect of early SEP disadvantage on later cardiovascular health, childhood SEP remains an important predictor of future health.
Verification of Multi-agent Systems with Imperfect Information and Public Actions

We analyse the verification problem for synchronous, perfect recall multi-agent systems with imperfect information against a specification language that includes strategic and epistemic operators. While the verification problem is undecidable, we show that if the agents' actions are public, then verification is 2exptime-complete. To illustrate the formal framework we consider two epistemic and strategic puzzles with imperfect information and public actions: the muddy children puzzle and the classic game of battleships.