Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grip force behavior in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome

We analyzed predictive and reactive grip force behavior in 15 patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) and 15 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy control subjects. Nine patients were without medication; six patients were on medication. In a first experiment, participants lifted and held instrumented objects of different weight. In a second experiment, participants performed vertical point‐to‐point and continuous arm movements at different frequencies with a hand‐held object. In a third experiment, preparatory and reactive grip force responses to sudden load perturbations were analyzed when a weight was dropped into a hand‐held cup either by the subject or unexpectedly by the experimenter. Compared to the healthy subjects, GTS patients had increased grip forces relative to the load force in all tasks. Despite this finding, they adjusted the grip force to changes in load force (due to either a change in the mass lifted or accelerating the mass during continuous movements) in the same way as healthy subjects. The temporal coupling between grip and load force profiles was also similar in patients and healthy controls, and they displayed normal anticipation of impact forces when they dropped a weight into a hand‐held cup. We found no significant effect of medication on the performance of GTS patients, regardless of the task performed. These results are consistent with deficient sensory–motor processing in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
in vitro immunization of patient T cells with autologous bone marrow antigen presenting cells pulsed with tumor lysates

Presentation of cell‐associated antigen to T cells is a critical event in the initiation of an anti‐tumor immune response but it appears to often be deficient or limiting. Here we report an experimental system for stimulation of human T lymphocytes using autologous antigen presenting cells (APCs) and autologous tumor cells. Two types of APCs were prepared from human bone marrow: MC and DC. MC were produced by using GM‐CSF and SCF. DC were obtained with the same cytokines plus IL‐4. DC and MC were generated in parallel from the same patients and their phenotypes and capacities to prime T lymphocytes were analyzed and compared. MC were CD14+, CD1a−, CD33+ and HLA‐DR+. Two populations of DC were defined: immature DC were uniformly CD1a−; mature DC expressed CD1a, CD80, CD86, HLA‐DR, CD54 and CD58 but lacked surface CD14. Stimulation of autologous T lymphocytes was studied by measuring their proliferation and cytotoxic function. In more than 80% of our experiments the proliferation of autologous T lymphocytes cocultured with APC pulsed or not with tumor cell lysates was higher than that of T cells cultured alone. DC were more effective than MC in stimulating proliferation of lymphocytes. The capacity of a patient's autologous bone marrow‐derived APC to stimulate T cells when exposed to autologous tumor cell lysates suggest that such antigen‐exposed APC may be useful in specific anti‐tumor immunotherapy protocols. Int. J. Cancer 88:783–790, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A subgrid-scale model based on singular values for LES in complex geometries

An eddy-viscosity based, subgrid-scale model for Large Eddy Simulations is derived from the analysis of the singular values of the resolved velocity gradient tensor. It is shown that the proposed σ-model has the property to automatically vanish as soon as the resolved field is two-dimensional, including the pure shear and solid rotation cases. In addition, the model generates no subgrid-scale viscosity when the resolved scales are in pure axisymmetric or isotropic contraction/expansion. At last, it has the appropriate cubic behavior in the vicinity of solid boundaries without requiring any ad-hoc treatment. Results obtained for different physical configurations (isotropic turbulence, channel flows, and periodic jet) are presented to illustrate the potential of the model. A dynamic version based on a volume averaged procedure is also proposed.
Madness and social representations

Part 1 Life of the mad, living with the mad: framework and history of a family colony custom and defence of identity from contact to impregnation. Part 2 The barriers to integration: from difference to separation similarities and differences in everyday life beyond principles - fear and social threat. Part 3 The people of those homes: understanding without knowledge the three faces of a single state thinking about mental illness acting out a conception of madness.
Migration from an AlGaAs to an InGaP emitter HBT IC process for improved reliability

A reliable high performance InGaP emitter HBT process has been developed for RF and microwave instruments. The InGaP process achieves Ft and Fmax values of 65 GHz and 75 GHz, respectively, with BVeeo=8.4 V and beta=132. The MTTF values of >5/spl times/10/sup 5/ hours at maximum operating conditions (Tj=150/spl deg/C, Jc=0.6 mA/um/sup 2/) are an order of magnitude larger than values measured on both internal and commercially available AlGaAs emitter HBT circuits. The dominant failure mode was beta drift, consistent with other published reports for other InGaP HBTs, but the Ea of 0.68 eV is much smaller than published values, which suggests that an additional high activation energy mechanism was introduced at the high temperatures used in the published reliability tests.
Dental anxiety in Hong Kong preschool children: Prevalence and associated factors

Background: This study is designed to determine the prevalence of dental anxiety and contributing factors in Hong Kong preschool children. Methods: All first-time visitors between the ages of three and five to the Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong between were recruited between August 2014 and June 2015. Questionnaires on background information, parent’s self-reported Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), and parental proxy of the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (MCDAS) were completed by parents. An oral examination was carried out to assess and record the caries experience and oral hygiene status of the child. The child’s dental anxiety level was rated using the Clinical Anxiety Rating Scale (CARS). Ordered logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association of parent’s and children’s characteristics with the CARS scores. Results: Among 299 children, the mean CARS score reported was 1.16 (SD 1.06) with only 8% of the subjects rating 3 or above, indicating those who were uncooperative and demonstrated real behavioural problems that might interfere with dental procedures. Data analysis showed that the child’s age (p=0.004, OR=0.659, 95%CI=0.497-0.872), the child’s previous dental experience (p=0.013, OR=0.518, 95%CI=0.307-0.867), parental proxy MCDAS score (p=0.002, OR=2.439, 95%CI=1.376-4.353), and the dental attendance pattern of the parents (p=0.013, OR=0.530, 95%CI=0.321-0.870) were associated with the CARS scores. Conclusion: Dental behavioural management problems are not prevalent in Hong Kong preschool children, but such problems are associated with both the parent’s and child’s characteristics such as the child’s age, previous dental experience, and dental attendance pattern of the parents.
A fast hybrid k-means level set algorithm for segmentation

In this paper, we first draw a connection between a level set algorithm and k-Means plus nonlinear diffusion preprocessing. Then, we exploit this link to develop a new hybrid numerical technique for segmentation that draws on the speed and simplicity of k-Means procedures, and the robustness of level set algorithms. The proposed method retains spatial coherence on initial data characteristic of curve evolution techniques, as well as the balance between a pixel/voxel’s proximity to the curve and its intention to cross over the curve from the underlying energy. However, it is orders of magnitude faster than standard curve evolutions. Moreover, it does not suffer from the limitations of k-Means due to inaccurate local minima and allows for segmentation results ranging from k-Means clustering type partitioning to level set partitions.
A classification of subsystems of a root system

We classify isomorphic classes of the homomorphisms of a root system Ξ to a root system Σ which do not change Cartan integers. We examine several types of isomorphic classes defined by the Weyl group of Σ, that of Ξ and the automorphisms of Σ or Ξ etc. We also distinguish the subsystem generated by a subset of a fundamental system. We introduce the concept of the dual pair for root systems which helps to study the action of the outer automorphism of Ξ on the homomorphisms.
Loss of the SxxSS Motif in a Human T-Cell Factor-4 Isoform Confers Hypoxia Resistance to Liver Cancer: An Oncogenic Switch in Wnt Signaling

Purpose Aberrantly activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling is important in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Downstream gene expressions involving the Wnt/β-catenin cascade occur through T-cell factor (TCF) proteins. Here, we show the oncogenic potential of human TCF-4 isoforms based on the expression of a single conserved SxxSS motif. Methods We investigated the TCF-4J and K isoform pair characterized by the presence (K) or absence (J) of the SxxSS motif. The mRNA expression profiles were examined in 47 pairs of human HCCs and adjacent non-cancerous liver tissues by RT-PCR. Proliferation, sphere assays and immunoblot analysis were performed under normoxia and hypoxia conditions. The ability of HCC cells overexpressing TCF-4J (J cells) and K (K cells) to grow as solid tumors in nude mice was explored. Results TCF-4J expression was significantly upregulated in HCC tumors compared to corresponding peritumor and normal liver and was preferentially expressed in poorly differentiated HCCs. In contrast, TCF-4K was downregulated in those same HCC tumors. TCF-4J-overexpressing HCC cells (J cells) revealed a survival advantage under hypoxic conditions, high proliferation rate and formation of aggregates/spheres compared to overexpression of TCF-4K (K cells). The hypoxic J cells had high expression levels of HIF-2α and EGFR as possible mechanisms to promote tumorigenesis. Increased stability of HIF-2α under hypoxia in J cells was associated with a decreased level of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein, a known E3 ligase for HIF-αs. In a xenograft model, the J cells rapidly developed tumors compared to K cells. Tumor tissues derived from J cells exhibited high expression levels of HIF-2α and EGFR compared to the slow developing and small K cell derived tumors. Conclusions Our results suggest that the specific TCF-4J isoform, which lacks a regulatory SxxSS motif, has robust tumor-initiating potential under hypoxic conditions.
The Parental Attitude of Mentally Retarded Children

Mental retardation is a worldwide problem and in India it is a shocking and alarming fact that approximately 2.5 to 3% of the total populations are mentally retarded. Mental retardation is not only a biological, educational or psychological problem but it is a multi-dimensional problem of a mixture of psycho-social, biological and educational factor. But the public and professional interest in the etiology of mental retardation and their in the problems faced by retarded children and their families has been at best meager and sporadic. This apathy has persisted despite the high incidence of mental subnormal threats the world, a problem which no society can avoid. This study aims to find out the Parental Attitude of Mentally Retarded children in Kolkata. The study reveals that 27 out of 30 parents have shown their favorable parental attitude which is above 50 % of the total. Rest 3 have shown unfavorable parental attitude, which is below 50 % of the total. But those who are even above 50% do not have 100% positive attitude. As the problem is not a biological, social worker should play a significant role in solving this social problem. Therefore this research study is taken.
Indocyanine green-enhanced imaging of antigen-induced arthritis with an integrated optical imaging/radiography system.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate a combined indocyanine green-enhanced optical imaging/radiography system for the detection of arthritic joints in a rat model of antigen-induced arthritis. METHODS Arthritis of the knee and ankle joints was induced in 6 Harlan rats, using peptidoglycan-polysaccharide polymers. Three rats served as untreated controls. Optical imaging of the knee and ankle joints was done with an integrated optical imaging/radiography system before and up to 24 hours following intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg indocyanine green. The fluorescence signal intensities of arthritic and normal joints were compared for significant differences, using generalized estimating equation models. Specimens of knee and ankle joints were further processed and evaluated by histology. RESULTS Immediately after administration, indocyanine green provided a significant increase in the fluorescence signal of arthritic joints compared with baseline values (P < 0.05). The fluorescence signal of arthritic joints was significantly higher compared with that of nonarthritic control joints at 1-720 minutes after intravenous injection (P < 0.05). Fusion of indocyanine green-enhanced optical imaging and radiography allowed for anatomic coregistration of the inflamed tissue with the associated joint. Hematoxylin and eosin staining confirmed marked synovial inflammation of arthritic joints and the absence of inflammation in control joints. CONCLUSION Indocyanine green-enhanced optical imaging is a clinically applicable tool for detection of arthritic tissue. Using relatively high doses of indocyanine green, long-term enhanced fluorescence of arthritic joints can be achieved. This may facilitate simultaneous evaluations of multiple joints in a clinical setting. Fusion of indocyanine green-enhanced optical imaging scans with radiography increases anatomic resolution.
In vitro Fluoride Dose–Response Study of Sterilized Enamel Lesions

Currently our intra–oral model uses enamel specimens that have been disinfected by soaking in buffered formalin (pH 6.8). However, because of increasing emphasis on infection control, it is important to identify a way to sterilize these specimens. The aim of this study was to determine if autoclaved, or gas sterilized, lesioned enamel responds to fluoride (F) in the same way alcohol–disinfected enamel lesions do. Seventy–two formalin–disinfected, human enamel specimens (3 mm) were lesioned in demineralizing solution for 96 h and were then divided into three groups. One group was autoclaved; one group was gas sterilized (ethylene oxide), and the remaining 24 specimens were further disinfected in 70% ethanol for 10 min. Specimens in each group were then treated 4 times/day for 4 weeks with 0, 250 or 1,100 ppm F dentifrice slurries in an in vitro cycling, remin/demin model. Following treatment, fluoride uptake was analyzed by microdrill biopsy, and lesion depth and mineral content changes (ΔM) were determined by transverse microradiography. Data were analyzed by one–way ANOVA analysis. In all three groups of specimens there were significant (p<0.05) differences in fluoride uptake in response to different fluoride treatments. Autoclaved lesions failed to provide dose– response data with regard to changes in lesion mineral content. Because formalin and 70% alcohol are only disinfectants, and autoclaving altered the responsiveness of enamel lesions, results from this study suggest that, of the methods tested, gas sterilization is the preferred method for sterilizing enamel specimens that will be used in intra–oral studies.
JUST-IN-TIME PRODUCTION, AUTOMATION, COST ALLOCATION PRACTICES AND IMPORTANCE OF COST INFORMATION: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION IN NEW ZEALAND-BASED MANUFACTURING ORGANIZATIONS

This paper is based on an empirical study of the relationship between Just-in-Time (JIT) production, automation, cost allocation practices and the relative use of cost information for making and evaluating managerial decisions. The study uses a survey questionnaire to collect data from a random sample of New Zealand-based manufacturing organizations. Hypotheses were tested using bivariate tests and multiple regression analysis. The results indicate that the choice of activity-based cost allocations is negatively associated with the extent to which firms use a JIT approach to manufacturing, but positively associated with increased automation in the factory, as hypothesized. Furthermore, the increased use of JIT production is found to be associated with the decreased use of detailed costing information. The study found some support for the hypothesis that increased automation is associated with the increased use of costing information for managerial decisions.
Psychological distress and circulating inflammatory markers in healthy young adults

Background Although a substantial body of research points to a link between psychological distress and inflammatory responses in middle-aged and older adults, particularly those with cardiovascular disease, the relationship between inflammation and distress in young, healthy individuals has not been established. This study was designed to investigate the cross-sectional association between psychological distress and inflammatory proteins in a young, healthy representative population of English adults. Method Participants were 1338 individuals aged 16–34 years from the 2006 Health Survey for England (HSE). Blood samples to measure plasma fibrinogen and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), as well as measures of psychological distress (using the General Health Questionnaire 12-item scale, GHQ-12) and covariates, were collected during home visits. Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between psychological distress and fibrinogen and hsCRP. Results Higher self-rated distress was positively associated with fibrinogen level in this young population, independently of age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, smoking, and alcohol and medication use (β=0.024, p<0.01). Psychological distress was not related to hsCRP. Conclusions Psychological distress may negatively impact inflammatory processes in young adulthood before the onset of chronic health problems such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Longitudinal research is needed to elucidate the relationship between distress and inflammation in young adults and its significance for later disease states.
A Multiscale Curvature Algorithm for Classifying Discrete Return LiDAR in Forested Environments

One prerequisite to the use of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) across disciplines is differentiating ground from nonground returns. The objective was to automatically and objectively classify points within unclassified LiDAR point clouds, with few model parameters and minimal postprocessing. Presented is an automated method for classifying LiDAR returns as ground or nonground in forested environments occurring in complex terrains. Multiscale curvature classification (MCC) is an iterative multiscale algorithm for classifying LiDAR returns that exceed positive surface curvature thresholds, resulting in all the LiDAR measurements being classified as ground or nonground. The MCC algorithm yields a solution of classified returns that support bare-earth surface interpolation at a resolution commensurate with the sampling frequency of the LiDAR survey. Errors in classified ground returns were assessed using 204 independent validation points consisting of 165 field plot global positioning system locations and 39 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-National Geodetic Survey monuments. Jackknife validation and Monte Carlo simulation were used to assess the quality and error of a bare-earth digital elevation model interpolated from the classified returns. A local indicator of spatial association statistic was used to test for commission errors in the classified ground returns. Results demonstrate that the MCC model minimizes commission errors while retaining a high proportion of ground returns and provides high confidence in the derived ground surface
Adaptive, fine-grained sharing in a client-server OODBMS: a callback-based approach

For reasons of simplicity and communication efficiency, a number of existing object-oriented database management systems are based on page server architectures; data pages are their minimum unit of transfer and client caching. Despite their efficiency, page servers are often criticized as being too retrictive when it comes to concurrency, as existing systems use pages as the minimum locking unit as well. In this paper we show how to support object-level locking in a page-server context. Several approaches are described, including an adaptive granularity approach that uses page-level locking for most pages but switches to object-level locking when finer-grained sharing is demanded. Each of the approaches is based on extending the idea of callback locking. We study the performance of these approaches, comparing them to both a pure page server and a pure object server. For the range of workload that we have examined, our results indicate that the adaptive page server provides very good performance, usually outperforming the pure page server and the other page-server variants as well. In addition, the adaptive page server is often preferable to the pure object server; our results provides insight into when each approach is likely to perform better.
Correlates Between Adult Romantic Attachment Patterns and Dimensional Personality Pathology

Previous research has suggested that adult attachment disturbance is related to maladaptic interaction patterns and personality disorder constructs. Specifically, research indicates that those with attachment disturbance are significantly more likely to meet criteria for a number of personality disorders, including borderline personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and antisocial personality disorder. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between adult attachment and the new dimensional model of personality disorders scheduled to be released in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Health Diosrders (5th ed.) in spring 2013. Participants completed the Schedule for Adaptive and Nonadaptive Personality (SNAP) to measure dimensional personality functioning and the Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR-R) and the Attachment Prototypes to measure adult attachment patterns. Additionally, select scales from the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) and the Five Factor Model (FFM) will be utilized as secondary measures of personality patterns. The results suggest strong associations between adult attachment orientations and specific maladaptive personality characteristics.