Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Internet Appendix to “ Asset Pricing with Garbage ”

This document contains supplemental results and derivations for the paper “Asset Pricing with Garbage”. These include cross-sectional results for 25 portfolios formed using a double sort of garbage and expenditure betas, alternative test assets for the Fama MacBeth regressions in the paper, alternative weighting schemes for the crosssectional GMM test in the paper, a test using a linear stochastic discount factor, a robustness check using a value-weighted garbage index, and a discussion of the differences in the construction of the garbage and expenditure series as they may relate to the results in the paper. ∗Citation format: Savov, Alexi, 2011, “Asset Pricing with Garbage”, Journal of Finance 66, 177-201, Internet Appendix http://www.afajof. org/supplements.asp. Please note: Wiley-Blackwell is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing material) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Temperature and Plant Genotype Alter Alkaloid Concentrations in Ryegrass Infected with an Epichloë Endophyte and This Affects an Insect Herbivore

Asexual Epichloë endophytes colonize agricultural forage grasses in a relationship which is mutually beneficial and provides the host plant with protection against herbivorous insects. The endophyte strain AR37 (Epichloë festucae var. lolii) produces epoxy-janthitrem alkaloids and is the only endophyte known to provide ryegrass with resistance against porina larvae (Wiseana cervinata (Walker)), a major pasture pest in cooler areas of New Zealand. This study examined the effect of temperature on concentrations of epoxy-janthitrems in AR37-infected ryegrass and determined how the resulting variations in concentration affected consumption, growth and survival of porina larvae. Twenty replicate pairs of perennial (Lolium perenne L.) and Italian ryegrass (L. multiflorum Lam.) plants with and without endophyte were prepared by cloning, with one of each pair grown at either high (20°C) or low (7°C) temperature. After 10 weeks, herbage on each plant was harvested, divided into leaf and pseudostem, then freeze dried and ground. Leaf and pseudostem material was then incorporated separately into semi-synthetic diets which were fed to porina larvae in a bioassay over 3 weeks. Epoxy-janthitrem concentrations within the plant materials and the semi-synthetic diets were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. AR37-infected ryegrass grown at high temperature contained high in planta concentrations of epoxy-janthitrem (30.6 μg/g in leaves and 83.9 μg/g in pseudostems) that had a strong anti-feedant effect on porina larvae when incorporated into their diets, reducing their survival by 25–42% on pseudostems. In comparison, in planta epoxy-janthitrem concentrations in AR37-infected ryegrass grown at low temperature were very low (0.67 μg/g in leaves and 7.4 μg/g in pseudostems) resulting in a small anti-feedant effect in perennial but not in Italian ryegrass. Although alkaloid concentrations were greatly reduced by low temperature this reduction did not occur until after 4 weeks of exposure. Alkaloid concentrations were slightly lower in Italian than in perennial ryegrass and concentrations were higher in the pseudostems when compared with the leaves. In conclusion, epoxy-janthitrems expressed by the AR37 endophyte show strong activity against porina larvae. However, when ryegrass plants are grown at a constant low temperature for an extended period of time in planta epoxy-janthitrem concentrations are greatly reduced and are less effective against this pasture pest.
SimSITE: The HLA/RTI Based Emergency Preparedness and Response Training Simulation

Marty wake-up calls have been received for emergency response, due to natural disasters such as hurricanes, fires or man-made incidents. The emergency responders need to work in a coordinated, well-planned manner to best mitigate the impact of an emergency incident. Simulation systems provide a wider range of training at a much lower expense for emergency preparedness and response. It is identified as the only feasible approach when it is difficult to emulate real-life experiments. The presented research demonstrates the emergency training simulation for the SITE building at the University of Ottawa, where the real-time interaction and collaboration are achieved over HLA/RTI, the IEEE standard for distributed simulation and modeling.
A Methodological Investigation of Cultivation.

Cultivation theory states that television engenders negative emotions in heavy viewers. Noting that cultivation methodology contains an apparent response bias, a study examined relationships between television exposure and positive restatements of cultivation concepts and tested a more instrumental media uses and effects model. Cultivation was thought to be linked to greater viewing selection, intention, attention, and perceived realism. Subjects, 392 adults (ages 17 to 88, 50.5% male, 49.5% female) completed a questionnaire. Correlation analysis showed television exposure to be unrelated to the positively worded_cultivation measures; program selectivity was_related_to_all cultivation measures except interpersonal connectedness. Regression analyses added that individual demographic differences and program selectivity accounted for_most_of the variance in cu3tivation perceptions. Findings suggested that methodology may explain cultivation effects that have been attributed to television exposure levels, and that, by using positive concepts, the notion thpt TV can have only_negative influences on personal perceptions is underscored as a fallacy. Findings also suggested_that television may not be the dominant influence on many_interpersonal perceptions. The instrumental media uses and effects model tested with some success. (Five tables of data and notes are appended.) (Author/NKA) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************
Asian-American cultural identity and attitudes toward mental health services.

A total of 557 Asian-American students (263 Chinese Americans, 185 Japanese Americans, and 109 Korean Americans) completed a survey consisting of a demographic questionnaire, a modified version of the Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale, and the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale (ATSPHS). A 3 x 2 x 2 multivariate analysis with main effects of ethnicity, gender, and level of acculturation and the four subscales of the ATSPHS as the dependent variables resulted in a significant F value for acculturation effect and nonsignificant F values for all other main and interaction effects. Regardless of ethnicity and gender, the most acculturated students were: (a) most likely to recognize personal need for professional psychological help, (b) most tolerant of the stigma associated with psychological help, and (c) most open to discussing their problems with a psychologist.
Asset Pricing with Conditioning Information: A New Test

This paper presents a new test of conditional versions of the Sharpe-Lintner CAPM, the Jagannathan and Wang (1996) extension of the CAPM, and the Fama and French (1993) three-factor model. The test is based on a general nonparametric methodology that avoids functional form misspecification of betas, risk premia, and the stochastic discount factor. Our results provide a novel view of empirical performance of these models. In particular, we find that a nonparametric version of the Fama and French model performs well, even when challenged by momentum portfolios. ASSET PRICING MODELS have been the cornerstone in finance. In particular, the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) of Sharpe (1964) and Lintner (1965) and its multifactor extensions are the most widely used tools in empirical studies. The CAPM has been carefully examined by numerous authors. Recently, a number of anomalies against the unconditional version of the CAPM have been identified. The evidence against this constant beta model is so forceful that some argue that the CAPM is dead (see Fama and French (1992, 1996b)). However, as Dybvig and Ross (1985) and Hansen and Richard (1987) show theoretically, the conditional version of the CAPM can hold perfectly even when the unconditional CAPM exhibits serious pricing errors. In general, dynamic models that allow for timevarying betas and risk premia can perform substantially better than static models. On the other hand, researchers have uncovered evidence of time variation in betas and expected returns (as well as return volatilities) over the past two dec
Reflection in university and the employability agenda: a discourse analysis case study

Abstract In UK universities, reflection is promoted not only for its intrinsic value but also for instrumental purposes, for students to gain and demonstrate skills and attributes which are valued by employers. In this paper, I examine reflective writing produced by students seeking an award offered by the careers department of one university. By looking at the evaluative language choices made by the student writers, I shed light on some of their practices regarding self-representation and their articulations of experience. I provide a critical account of what reflective writing looks like in this particular setting, and interpret this in the broader context of the goal to foster reflection among higher education students. I argue that the reflective writing engendered by this particular context and task is different in key respects from the reflection which is commonly advocated as an element of personal, professional or academic development.
Increasing the Content of High-Content Screening

Target-based high-throughput screening (HTS) has recently been critiqued for its relatively poor yield compared to phenotypic screening approaches. One type of phenotypic screening, image-based high-content screening (HCS), has been seen as particularly promising. In this article, we assess whether HCS is as high content as it can be. We analyze HCS publications and find that although the number of HCS experiments published each year continues to grow steadily, the information content lags behind. We find that a majority of high-content screens published so far (60−80%) made use of only one or two image-based features measured from each sample and disregarded the distribution of those features among each cell population. We discuss several potential explanations, focusing on the hypothesis that data analysis traditions are to blame. This includes practical problems related to managing large and multidimensional HCS data sets as well as the adoption of assay quality statistics from HTS to HCS. Both may have led to the simplification or systematic rejection of assays carrying complex and valuable phenotypic information. We predict that advanced data analysis methods that enable full multiparametric data to be harvested for entire cell populations will enable HCS to finally reach its potential.
Some geometric insight in self-calibration and critical motion sequences

Self-calibration and critical motion sequences are problems which have received a lot of attention lately. The key concept for these problems is the absolute conic which appears as a natural calibration object always present in space. To observe it, however, self-calibration constraints are needed. In this paper a method to represent the rather abstract concept of the absolute conic through real geometric entities is proposed. The main beneet of this approach is that it allows to apply geometric intuition to understand problems related to self-calibration and critical motion sequences. The image of the absolute conic can be represented as an ellipse in the image. In this case self-calibration constraints are translated to simple geometric constraints on this ellipse. Several researchers have recently worked on critical motion sequences for self-calibration. The problem is however that the obtained results are hard to understand. Some cases are very hard to grasp intuitively and in an eeort to do so the proposed method was developed. By mapping the problem to real geometric entities, even the most intricate cases obtained by the previous analyses (often through the help of automated solving tools) can be understood and visualized. Several of these cases are discussed explicitly in this paper. Several new insights are also presented.
The general theory of crime applied to bullying perpetration : does school climate moderate the relationship between self-control and bullying?

In order to understand bullying behaviour, one must consider student characteristics, the social context of the behaviour, and the interactions among them. To this end, this study examined the applicability of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s General Theory of Crime to bullying perpetration, which posits that crime and other deviant behaviours are a manifestation of two converging factors: low self-control and opportunity. This study explored whether school climate served as an “opportunity” for bullying behaviour. An ethnically diverse sample of 979 students in grades 4-7 reported on the frequency with which they engaged in bullying, their perceptions of school climate, and their levels of self-control. Results revealed that low self-control and various school climate factors each predicted bullying perpetration, although the interaction between the variables was not significant. That is, students with low self-control were more likely to engage in bullying behaviours, as were individuals with poorer perceptions of school climate. These results highlight the necessity for bullying interventions to consider both individual characteristics and social contexts. Specifically, schools would benefit from implementing programs that address social emotional learning with a particular focus on fostering self-control and positive school climates.
Flocking with obstacle avoidance in switching networks of interconnected vehicles

The paper introduces a set of nonsmooth control laws that enable a group of vehicles to synchronize their velocity vectors and move as a flock while avoiding collisions with each other and with static obstacles in their environment. In addition, all vehicles converge to a common destination point, accomplishing a group mission. The proposed control law can steer each vehicle based on local information that can be obtained from within a spherical neighborhood around it. While only the nearest neighbors and obstacles affect a vehicle's motion, as the vehicles move the neighborhoods change discontinuously. The induced discontinuities in the control law of each vehicle do not affect the stability properties of the group collision free motion and connectivity requirements on the interconnection network can be relaxed due to the common objective.
VLT/XSHOOTER and Subaru/MOIRCS spectroscopy of HUDF.YD3: no evidence for Lyman α emission at z = 8.55★

We present spectroscopic observations with VLT/XSHOOTER and Subaru/MOIRCS of a relatively bright Y-band drop-out galaxy in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF), first selected by Bunker et al., McLure et al. and Bouwens et al. to be a likely z ≈ 8–9 galaxy on the basis of its colours in the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys and Wide Field Camera 3 images. This galaxy, HUDF.YD3 (also known as UDFy-38135539), has been targetted for VLT/SINFONI integral field spectroscopy by Lehnert et al., who published a candidate Lyman α emission line at z = 8.55 from this source. In our independent spectroscopy using two different infrared spectrographs (5 h with VLT/XSHOOTER and 11 h with Subaru/MOIRCS), we are unable to reproduce this line. We do not detect any emission line at the spectral and spatial location reported in Lehnert et al., despite the expected signal in our combined MOIRCS and XSHOOTER data being 5σ. The line emission also seems to be ruled out by the faintness of this object in recently extremely deep F105W (Y band) HST/WFC 3 imaging from HUDF12; the line would fall within this filter and such a galaxy should have been detected at YAB = 28.6 mag (∼20σ) rather than the marginal YAB ≈ 30 mag observed in the Y-band image, >3 times fainter than would be expected if the emission line was real. Hence, it appears highly unlikely that the reported Lyman α line emission at z > 8 is real, meaning that the highest redshift sources for which Lyman α emission has been seen are at z = 6.9-7.2. It is conceivable that Lyman α does not escape galaxies at higher redshifts, where the Gunn–Peterson absorption renders the Universe optically thick to this line. However, deeper spectroscopy on a larger sample of candidate z > 7 galaxies will be needed to test this.
Girl Fights and the Online Media Construction of Black Female Violence and Sexuality

This article uses content analysis to examine the media construction of violence and sexuality among young Black, White, and Latina women who fight on WorldStarHipHop.com. I explore symbolic themes derived from the construction of violence through physical fighting. Findings suggest overrepresentation of depictions of Black women as perpetrators, specifically with weapon use and amount of physical violence shown. Findings also indicate racial differences in displays of nudity. Yet, these racialized images conflict with existing codes of violence in urban Black communities. This article adds new insight into the critical discourse surrounding urban Black women and new media construction of girl violence.
Understanding the Profile of Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection: Insights from Expanded HIV Surveillance at a Tuberculosis Facility in Durban, South Africa

Background. Expanded HIV surveillance in TB patients forms part of the World Health Organization framework for strategic collaborative activity. Surveillance helps understand the epidemiology of the local dual epidemic and enables design of a tailored response to these challenges. Methods. We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study of anonymous unlinked HIV testing for 741 consecutive TB suspects attending an urban TB facility during a seven-week period in 2008. Results. A total of 512 patients were found to have TB. The mean age was 35.7 years, and 63% were male. The prevalence of HIV was 72.2% (95% CI: 68.2–75.9) in all TB cases, 69.8% (95% CI: 65.3–74.2) in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), 81.6% (95% CI: 72.9–90.3) in extrapulmonary disease, and 66.8% (95% CI: 60.7–72.9) in those without TB disease. HIV prevalence in TB patients was higher in females than males and in younger age groups (18–29 years). The sex ratio of PTB patients correlated with the sex ratio of the prevalence of HIV in the respective age groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion. The use of a rapid HIV test performed on sputum anonymously provides an opportunity for HIV surveillance in this high-burdened setting, which has the potential to lend valuable insight into the coepidemics.
Watson's alleged Little Albert scandal: historical breakthrough or new Watson myth?

John B. Watson’s legacy is complicated by his reputation for scandal. Recently, Fridlund, Beck, and colleagues accused Watson of a new scandal concerning the 1920 Little Albert study. Hey argued that Little Albert was a neurologically impaired infant (named Douglas Merritte), and that Watson committed serious ethical breaches in relation to this study. Our paper shows that this alleged scandal is likely unfounded. We introduce a normal infant (Albert Barger) who matches the Little Albert proKle better than Douglas Merritte does. In our conclusion, we speculate about how the story of a neurologically impaired Albert illustrates some of the challenges involved in historical revision.
Using Physiological Markers to Detect Health and Production Problems in Transition Dairy Cows

 Inflammation associated with infection or injury increases haptoglobin (Hp) concentrations. High Hp concentrations during the week before or after calving were associated with a decreased risk of pregnancy in primiparous cows. Projected 305-day milk yield was lower for multiparous cows with high Hp during the week before calving and projected milk yields were lower for all cattle with high Hp during the week after calving.
Natural Variation within the Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Cluster on Human Chromosome 15q24: Influence on Heritable Autonomic Traits in Twin Pairs

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are combinations of subunits arranged as pentamers encircling a central cation channel. At least nine α and four β subunits are expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems; their presence in autonomic ganglia, the adrenal medulla, and central nervous system, with accompanying responses elicited by nicotinic agonists, point to their involvement in cardiovascular homeostasis. nAChRs formed by α3, α5, and β4 subunits may regulate blood pressure (BP) by mediating release of catestatin, the endogenous nicotinic antagonist fragment of chromogranin A (CHGA) and potent inhibitor of catecholamine secretion. Genes encoding these subunits (CHRNA3, CHRNA5, and CHRNB4) are clustered on human chromosome 15q24. Because variation in this cluster may alter autonomic regulation of BP, we sequenced ∼15 kilobase pairs in 15q24 containing their coding and 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions in 80 individuals. We identified 63 variants: 25 in coding regions of CHRNA3, CHRNA5, and CHRNB4 and 48 noncoding single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Haplotype frequencies varied across ethnic populations. We assessed the contribution of six SNPs in the putative catestatin binding region of CHRNA3 and CHRNB4 to autonomic traits. In twins, catestatin and BP were heritable. CHRNA3 SNPs and haplotypes containing K95K (G285A) associated with circulating plasma catestatin, epinephrine levels, as well as systolic BP, suggesting altered coupling of the nAChRs to BP. Studies of chromaffin cells in vitro reveal that nicotinic agonist stimulation releases catecholamines and CHGA, a process augmented by overexpression of CHRNA3 and blocked by catestatin. These cellular events suggest a homeostatic mechanism underlying the pleiotropic actions of CHRNA3 genetic variation on autonomic function observed in twins.
The Difference Law Makes: Domestic Atrocity Laws and Human Rights Prosecutions

This article offers the first systematic analysis of the effects of domestic atrocity laws on human rights prosecutions. Scholars have identified various political and sociological factors to explain the striking rise in human rights prosecutions over the past 30 years, yet the role of domestic criminal law in enabling such prosecutions has largely been unexamined. That is surprising given that international legal prohibitions against human rights atrocities are designed to be enforced by domestic courts applying domestic criminal law. We argue that domestic criminal laws against genocide and crimes against humanity facilitate human rights prosecutions in post-authoritarian states by helping to overcome formal legal roadblocks to prosecution, such as retroactivity, amnesties, immunities, and statutes of limitations. Using original data on domestic atrocity laws and human rights prosecutions in new democracies, we find that atrocity laws increase the speed with which new democracies pursue prosecutions, as well as the overall numbers of trials they initiate and complete.