Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of closed versus open kinetic chain exercises on osteoporotic femur neck and risk of fall in postmenopausal women

[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate how closed and open kinetic chain exercises differed in their impact on bone mineral density (BMD) and fall risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. [Subjects and Methods] The research sample consisted of 40 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis with ages between 51 and 58 years old. They were divided at random into two groups of 20 each, respectively receiving closed and open kinetic chain exercises. These exercises were administered three times per week over a period of four sequential months. Prior to and following the treatment, Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to measure the BMD of the femur neck in every participant, while the Biodex Stability System (BSS) was used to estimate how likely each participant was to sustain a fall. [Results] The strongest effect on BMD and fall risk was recorded by the closed kinetic chain exercise. [Conclusion] Osteoporotic postmenopausal women should be prescribed closed kinetic chain exercise to diminish the effects of the disease and minimise their risk of fall.
Increased Prevalence of IL‐17‐Producing Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Pre‐eclampsia

Citation Toldi G, Rigó J Jr, Stenczer B, Vásárhelyi B, Molvarec A. Increased prevalence of IL‐17‐producing peripheral blood lymphocytes in pre‐eclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66: 223–229
Mature Students at University: entry, experience and outcomes

The Joint Matriculation Board operates on behalf of its five constituent universities-Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, Sheffield and Birmingham-a scheme of mature entry for those lacking recognised qualifications. Applications for the period 1975-80 have been analysed to describe the people coming forward and to trace their progress. The various outcomes are enumerated and examined in relation to entry characteristics. Attempts have been made to contact all those writing for particulars of the scheme in 1980 and they have been followed up in detail. A one-in-five sub-sample has been interviewed. Of those applying only 37% gained admission. However, those obtaining a place tend to do well. At the honours level, they did somewhat better than their fellows, with the difference being more marked on ordinary and general degree courses. The mature students rated their experiences very favourably. Some 85% considered going to university 'very worthwhile' and 46% said 'it was the best thing I ever did. ' The finding.
Communities of practice: Legitimacy not choice

Communities of practice has emerged as an alternative to other current sociolinguistic models such as speech communities and social networks, particularly in the area of language and gender. The valorization of non-linguistic behaviours as adding further explanatory power to sociolinguistic models is timely: it has often been implicit in linguistic study (through ethnography) but rarely been given recognition. However, the types of self-constituting communities of interest to sociolinguists are not the same as the communities of learning studied by Lave and Wenger (1991) and Wenger (1998). If this construct is to be useful to sociolinguists, then the mechanisms by which it models access, gate-keeping and its internal hierarchy need development. Using Eckert's (2000) Belten High data, and other work on adolescent talk, it is argued that gaining legitimate peripheral participation is a matter of sanction from within the hierarchy. Individuals do not have open access to communities based solely on their desire to be part of that community and to take part in its practices. While practices may define the community, the community determines who has access to that practice.
Community Policing in Practice. Ambitions and Realization

This paper deals with the question of the extent to which the ambitions of community policing are realized in practice. Five elements may be considered as the main ambitions of community policing: proximity, a focus on a wide range of problems in the neighbourhood, prevention, cooperation with other agencies and the promotion of citizen involvement. This observational study of community policing in the Netherlands shows that in practice, these ambitions are only realized to a limited extent. This implementation deficit is a result of several factors: the vague, blurred professional image of community policing (in many cases also for community police officers themselves), its open and indefinite nature, the way this work is often embedded within police organizations, the limited capacities, skills and expertise of community police officers and the increasing managerial emphasis in the Dutch police on so-called core business tasks.
Security and symbolic play : The relation between security of attachment and executive capacity

The study reported here investigated the relationship between security of attachment and children's solo and instructed symbolic play. Participants were 43 (27 secure and 16 insecure) 2 1/2-year-olds, whose security of attachment had been assessed in infancy. No differences were found in the sophistication of solo symbolic play between the secure and insecure groups, but the securely attached children were better able to incorporate an experimenter's suggestions into their sequences of pretence. In addition, the securely attached children were found to have greater 'executive capacity' scores (Belsky, Garduque & Hrncir, 1984). These data show that securely attached children are better able to benefit from the play suggestions of an unfamiliar adult, and thus extend the findings of Slade (1987) on maternal enhancement of children's play. The relationship between security of attachment and response to suggestions for symbolic play is discussed within a Vygotskian framework, and the possibility that these results are evidence for the greater social responsiveness and flexibility of securely attached children is addressed.
Predictive Validity of the Joint Risk Matrix With Juvenile Offenders

Actuarial risk assessment instruments promise to increase decision-making accuracy and equity in settings such as the juvenile justice system, but both aims presume high levels of predictive validity. Prior research suggests that the predictive validity of some juvenile justice risk assessment instruments differs across gender and race/ethnicity. The Joint Risk Matrix (JRM) described herein is an instrument developed to increase the predictive validity of risk assessment for the diverse populations served by the nation’s juvenile courts. The predictive validity of the JRM was estimated on a sample of 536 court-involved juveniles. The instrument demonstrated acceptable levels of validity across all juveniles (AUC = .710). Gender-based differences were explained by gendered patterns of referral to out-of-home placements. Differences by race/ethnicity were reduced compared with previous reports. The findings suggest that risk assessment can be improved by including measures related to the behavior and demeanor of offenders and the cooperation of their parents or caretakers.
Cysteine Repeat Domains and Adjacent Sequences Determine Distinct Bone Morphogenetic Protein Modulatory Activities of the Drosophila Sog Protein

The Drosophila short gastrulation gene (sog) encodes a large extracellular protein (Sog) that inhibits signaling by BMP-related ligands. Sog and its vertebrate counterpart Chordin contain four copies of a cysteine repeat (CR) motif defined by 10 cysteine residues spaced in a fixed pattern and a tryptophan residue situated between the first two cysteines. Here we present a structure-function analysis of the CR repeats in Sog, using a series of deletion and point mutation constructs, as well as constructs in which CR domains have been swapped. This analysis indicates that the CR domains are individually dispensable for Sog function but that they are not interchangeable. These studies reveal three different types of Sog activity: intact Sog, which inhibits signaling mediated by the ligand Glass bottom boat (Gbb), a more broadly active class of BMP antagonist referred to as Supersog, and a newly identified activity, which may promote rather than inhibit BMP signaling. Analysis of the activities of CR swap constructs indicates that the CR domains are required for full activity of the various forms of Sog but that the type of Sog activity is determined primarily by surrounding protein sequences. Cumulatively, our analysis suggests that CR domains interact physically with adjacent protein sequences to create forms of Sog with distinct BMP modulatory activities.
Improving the quality of transition and transfer of care in young adults with congenital heart disease

The transition and transfer from pediatric to adult care is becoming increasingly important as improvements in the diagnosis and management of congenital heart disease allow patients to live longer. Transition is a complex and continuous process that requires careful planning. Inadequate transition has adverse effects on patients, their families and healthcare delivery systems. Currently, significant gaps exist in patient care as adolescents transfer to adult care and there are little data to drive the informed management of transition and transfer of care in adolescent congenital heart disease patients. Appropriate congenital heart disease care has been shown to decrease mortality in the adult population. This paper reviews the transition and transfer of care processes and outlines current congenital heart disease specific guidelines in the United States and compares these recommendations to Canadian and European guidelines. It then reviews perceived and real barriers to successful transition and identifies predictors of success during transfer to adult congenital heart disease care. Lastly, it explores how disease-specific markers of outcomes and quality indicators are being utilized to guide transition and transfer of care in other chronic childhood illnesses, and identifies existing knowledge gaps and structural impediments to improving the management of transition and transfer among congenital heart disease patients.
Accusations by Adults of Childhood Sexual Abuse: a Survey of the Members of the British False Memory Society (BFMS)

Members of the British False Memory Society (BFMS) were sent a detailed questionnaire concerning accused families and 282 (70%) replied. In this paper the author focuses on the nature, circumstances, and consequences of the accusations for the accused, as well as the role of therapy. The great majority (87%) of the accusers were female and most of the accusations were directed against the biological father. Only four per cent involved stepfathers. Often the accusations were non-specific and not all were reported as being associated with recovered memories. The accusations appear to have arisen primarily within the context of a therapeutic relationship. Depression, followed by eating disorder, were the most common reasons for seeking therapy. Significant relationship problems were reported as the most common stress factor prior to the accusations being made. The author emphasizes the complex nature of the accusations and distinguishes between beliefs and memories within the context of recovered memories. The reported consequences of the accusations were discontinued contact with the family (59%), legal proceedings being instigated (14%), and the accused person having to seek psychological or psychiatric help because of the stress involved (29%). © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
Sequences in Separation: A Framework for Investigating Endings of the Personal (Romantic) Relationship

A multi-parameter framework is proposed for examining `break-ups' of the pre-marital romantic dyad. The model delineates five stages in dissolution: Discovery of Dissatisfaction (D), Exposure (E), Negotiation (N), Resolution (R) and Transformation (T). Termination scenarios may be specified by Stage, Operator, Content and Latency parameters. Utility of the framework is explored in a retrospective study of 112 break-ups. Subjects reporting (E) and (N) Stages (engagement on issues) view their relationships as more intense and enduring and themselves as more intimate with and similar to their partners than subjects reporting omission of these stages. The time span of termination (D to T) is shown to correlate positively with attraction towards and agreement with partner, as well as with loneliness and fear during dissolution. Patterns of decision (at R) and follow-through (at T) are linked to perceived qualities of the dyad: two scenarios, the `scale-down' and the `inconsistent break', are characterized by high strength of the couple bond and considerable feelings of confusion during the termination period.
Influence of surgeon, patient and radiographic factors on distal radius fracture treatment

The purpose of this study was to evaluate surgeon, patient, and radiographic factors influencing the recommendation for operative treatment in distal radius fractures. In a web-based study 252 orthopaedic surgeons from a variety of countries reviewed 30 consecutive sets of radiographs of patients that presented to our emergency department with a fracture of the distal radius. Surgeons were randomly assigned to receive either ‘Radiographs only’ or ‘Radiographs and clinical information’. Surgery was recommended on average 52% of the time whether or not surgeons received clinical information. Female surgeons, surgeons with less than 21 years of experience, and hand surgeons were more likely to recommend operative treatment, but these factors explained only 1% of the variation. Radiographic criteria (intra-articular fractures, ulnar styloid fractures, dorsal comminution, dorsal tilt, and ulnar variance) explained 49% of the variation. The overall agreement on treatment was moderate and slightly higher among surgeons that received radiographs alone. Level of Evidence: Level II, therapeutic; not a clinical study
The Principal's Other Problems: Honest Incompetence and the Specification of Objectives

In this article an extension of agency theory based on problems that arise in agency relationships, even when agents are assumed to be honest and dutiful, is put forward. With one exception, these assumptions lead to essentially the same predictions as in standard agency theory, suggesting that effects commonly attributed to self-seeking may be better understood as more fundamental effects of the agency relationship itself. This analysis raises a number of previously unexplored research questions concerning the nature of managerial agency relationships.
An elaboration of the meaning of interaction involvement: Toward the development of a theoretical concept

The purpose of this research is to clarify and extend the meaning of interaction involvement. Three related studies are reported in this endeavor. The first study examines the factor structure of the interaction involvement scale and provides a reinterpretation of previously published results. The second study reports a correlational analysis of the newly interpreted involvement factors and several related concepts, including extraversion, neuroticism, self‐consciousness, communication apprehension, and five dimensions of interpersonal communication competence. The third study reports initial findings of the possible nonverbal manifestations of interaction involvement and provides directions for future research.
When Rewards Are Scarce: Equal or Equitable Distributions?

This research examines the influence of reward scarcity on individual allocation preferences in performance-differentiated three-person groups. We argue that the nondyadic context alters the zero-sum nature of the distribution, enhancing con- cern for the group especially when rezairds are insufficient to fulfill pay expecta- tions. Thus, when rezairds are scarce, actors are less likely to make self-interested distributions. Experimental results focusing on low and high performers' prefer- ences indicate that under conditions of reward scarcity, performance level is posi- tively related to a preference for equality and negatively related to a preference for equity, as expected. The reverse, self-interested preference trends emerge when re- wards are sufficient. The preferences of the average actors, however, deviated un- expectedly from the predicted linear trends. The distribution of benefits is a fundamental feature of all social organiza- tions ranging from the smallest units like nuclear families or friendship dyads to the largest ones like nation states. In a recent review of current social psychological perspectives on justice, Deutsch notes, "There has been a general acceptance of the view that there are a variety of distri- butive principles and systematic knowledge is beginning to accumulate about . the factors leading to preferences and choices of one or another principle" (1983, p. 309).
Incidence of glioma in a northwestern region of England, 2006-2010.

BACKGROUND Gliomas are important because they affect disproportionately high numbers of people of working age and have a poor prognosis. Neurosurgeons were concerned about a possible recent cluster of glioma cases in a northwestern region in England. METHODS All patients aged 18-89 years in Lancashire and South Cumbria with a histologically confirmed glioma diagnosed at the Royal Preston Hospital between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2010, were ascertained. Clinical information was extracted from hospital records. Completeness of case referral to Royal Preston Hospital was checked against the National Cancer Registry and National Brain Tumour Registry records for the same period. For a comprehensive assessment of regional incidence, age-standardized incidence rates of all gliomas diagnosed in adults (aged 15 years and older) in the study area were then compared with those for the North West region and England as a whole. Rates for the North West region in defined small area-units ("Middle Super Output Areas") were also investigated to assess any small-area variation in the region during the decade to 2010. RESULTS There were 435 glioma patients from Lancashire and South Cumbria diagnosed at the Royal Preston Hospital between 2006 and 2010, with case ascertainment verified to be complete by the National Cancer Registration Service. The age-standardized incidence rate of gliomas in the study area was 7.10 per 100,000 in 2006-2010, which was minimally different from the rate for all cancer networks in England over the 10 years from 2001. Small-area analysis confirmed lack of major variation in glioma rates in the North West region of England. CONCLUSION Glioma incidence rates in England have remained stable by region and over time during the last decade.
Free Thyroxine Levels After Very Preterm Birth and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at Age 7 Years

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Preterm infants commonly have transient hypothyroxinemia of prematurity after birth, which has been associated with deficits in general intellectual functioning, memory, attention, and academic achievement. However, research has predominantly focused on thyroxine levels in the first 2 weeks of life and outcomes are limited to the preschool period. Our objective was to evaluate the relationships between free thyroxine (fT4) levels over the first 6 weeks after very preterm (VPT) birth with cognitive functioning and brain development at age 7 years. METHODS: A total of 83 infants born VPT (<30 weeks’ gestation) had fT4 concentrations measured postnatally and 2- and 6-week area under the curve (AUC) summary measures were calculated. Follow-up at age 7 years included a neuropsychological assessment and brain MRI. Univariable and multivariable regression modeling was used where AUC for fT4 was the main predictor of neurodevelopmental outcome at age 7 years. RESULTS: Multivariable modeling revealed that higher, not lower, postnatal fT4 levels (2-week AUC) were associated with poorer cognitive performances at age 7 years on tasks of verbal learning (P = .02), verbal memory (P = .03), and simple reaction time (P < .001). A similar pattern of results was found when the 6-week AUC was examined. No significant associations between postnatal fT4 levels and brain volumes at age 7 years were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Results are contradictory to previous observations and suggest that after adjustment for confounders, higher postnatal fT4 levels in VPT infants, rather than lower levels, may be a marker of adverse neuropsychological development in childhood.
Student Characteristics, Pre-College, College, and Environmental Factors as Predictors of Majoring in and Earning a STEM Degree: An Analysis of Students Attending a Hispanic Serving Institution

This study examined the demographic, pre-college, environmental, and college factors that impact students’ interests in and decisions to earn a science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (STEM) degree among students attending a Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI). Results indicated that Hispanic students were well represented among STEM majors, and students’ decisions to declare a STEM major and earn a STEM degree were uniquely influenced by students’ gender, ethnicity, SAT math score, and high school percentile. Earning a STEM degree was related to students’ first-semester GPA and enrollment in mathematics and science “gatekeeper” courses. Findings indicate that HSIs may be an important point of access for students in STEM fields and may also provide opportunity for more equitable outcomes for Hispanic students.
Effective Blocking of the White Enhancer Requires Cooperation between Two Main Mechanisms Suggested for the Insulator Function

Chromatin insulators block the action of transcriptional enhancers when interposed between an enhancer and a promoter. In this study, we examined the role of chromatin loops formed by two unrelated insulators, gypsy and Fab-7, in their enhancer-blocking activity. To test for this activity, we selected the white reporter gene that is activated by the eye-specific enhancer. The results showed that one copy of the gypsy or Fab-7 insulator failed to block the eye enhancer in most of genomic sites, whereas a chromatin loop formed by two gypsy insulators flanking either the eye enhancer or the reporter completely blocked white stimulation by the enhancer. However, strong enhancer blocking was achieved due not only to chromatin loop formation but also to the direct interaction of the gypsy insulator with the eye enhancer, which was confirmed by the 3C assay. In particular, it was observed that Mod(mdg4)-67.2, a component of the gypsy insulator, interacted with the Zeste protein, which is critical for the eye enhancer–white promoter communication. These results suggest that efficient enhancer blocking depends on the combination of two factors: chromatin loop formation by paired insulators, which generates physical constraints for enhancer–promoter communication, and the direct interaction of proteins recruited to an insulator and to the enhancer–promoter pair.
Family patterns in obesity: With consideration of emotional eating and restraint.

Are family patterns important in obesity ? The answer is a qualified yes. Families in which an overweight mother was in treatment were found to be more disengaged and rigid, have less regard between the spouses, and have a mother who was less assertive and more passive-aggressive with anger, and who reacted more strongly to emotions. However, the absence of this pattern in some families with overweight mothers of greater weight stability and lower levels of emotional eating indicated the importance of identifying obese subgroups. In addition, emotional eating was able to differentiate between normal-weight subgroups, thus challenging the practice of defining groups solely on the basis of weight status. Data on cognitive and emotional components of restrained eating also challenge the central role given to cognitive control in some models of eating and suggest that emotional eating is more important. For example, high levels of cognitive control were found even in people with no history of weight lability or emotional eating, and cognitive control was not related to weight status whereas emotional eating was.