Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-order spectral-null codes - Construction and bounds

Let /spl Sscr/(n.k) denote the set of all words of length n over the alphabet {+1,-1}, having a k th order spectral-null at zero frequency. A subset of /spl Sscr/(n,k) is a spectral-null code of length n and order k. Upper and lower bounds on the cardinality of /spl Sscr/(n,k) are derived. In particular we prove that (k-1) log/sub 2/ (n/k)/spl les/n-log/sub 2/|/spl Sscr/(n,k)|/spl les/O(2/sup k/log/sub 2/n) for infinitely many values of n. On the other hand, we show that /spl Sscr/(n.k) is empty unless n is divisible by 2/sup m/, where m=[log/sub 2/k]+1. Furthermore, bounds on the minimum Hamming distance d of /spl Sscr/(n,k) are provided, showing that 2k/spl les/d/spl les/k(k-1)+2 for infinitely many n. We also investigate the minimum number of sign changes in a word x/spl isin//spl Sscr/(n,k) and provide an equivalent definition of /spl Sscr/(n,k) in terms of the positions of these sign changes. An efficient algorithm for encoding arbitrary information sequences into a second-order spectral-null code of redundancy 3 log/sub 2/n+O(log log n) is presented. Furthermore, we prove that the first nonzero moment of any word in /spl Sscr/(n,k) is divisible by k! This leads to an encoding scheme for spectral-null codes of length n and any fixed order k, with rate approaching unity as n/spl rarr//spl infin/. >
An empirical interatomic potential for B2 NiAl

A new empirical interatomic potential is developed for B2 NiAl within the embedded atom formalism. The potential has been determined by fitting to known bulk structural and elastic properties as well as first-principles data for large strains. We essentially follow the route of Rao et al. in 1991 in developing the potential but increase our data base for NiAl considerably. Extensive testing shows that our new potential removes inadequacies of earlier potentials and shows excellent overall agreement with experimental data and first-principles calculations. The new potential for the first time correctly reproduces the generation of the constitutional point defects as well as the deformation behaviour at large strains.
Yersinia virulence factors - a sophisticated arsenal for combating host defences

The human pathogens Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica cause enterocolitis, while Yersinia pestis is responsible for pneumonic, bubonic, and septicaemic plague. All three share an infection strategy that relies on a virulence factor arsenal to enable them to enter, adhere to, and colonise the host while evading host defences to avoid untimely clearance. Their arsenal includes a number of adhesins that allow the invading pathogens to establish a foothold in the host and to adhere to specific tissues later during infection. When the host innate immune system has been activated, all three pathogens produce a structure analogous to a hypodermic needle. In conjunction with the translocon, which forms a pore in the host membrane, the channel that is formed enables the transfer of six ‘effector’ proteins into the host cell cytoplasm. These proteins mimic host cell proteins but are more efficient than their native counterparts at modifying the host cell cytoskeleton, triggering the host cell suicide response. Such a sophisticated arsenal ensures that yersiniae maintain the upper hand despite the best efforts of the host to counteract the infecting pathogen.
This Paper Is Included in the Proceedings of the 12th Usenix Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (osdi '16). Big Data Analytics over Encrypted Datasets with Seabed Big Data Analytics over Encrypted Datasets with Seabed

Today, enterprises collect large amounts of data and leverage the cloud to perform analytics over this data. Since the data is often sensitive, enterprises would prefer to keep it confidential and to hide it even from the cloud operator. Systems such as CryptDB and Monomi can accomplish this by operating mostly on encrypted data; however, these systems rely on expensive cryptographic techniques that limit performance in true " big data " scenarios that involve terabytes of data or more. This paper presents Seabed, a system that enables efficient analytics over large encrypted datasets. In contrast to previous systems, which rely on asymmetric encryption schemes, Seabed uses a novel, additively symmetric homomorphic encryption scheme (ASHE) to perform large-scale aggregations efficiently. Additionally , Seabed introduces a novel randomized encryption scheme called Splayed ASHE, or SPLASHE, that can, in certain cases, prevent frequency attacks based on auxiliary data.
ERBB4 acts as a suppressor in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma

ERBB4, one member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, plays a key role in physiological and pathological processes. Recently, we identified that ERBB4 played a protective role from chronic hepatitis B virus infection. However, the role of ERBB4 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unclear. Here, we explore the role of ERBB4 in the development of HCC using in vitro models, in vivo animal models and clinical samples of HCC. Liver-specific ERBB4 knockout alleles and full ERBB4 except heart knockout mice were used in this study. Liver inflammation and tumor models of mice were produced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and diethylnitrosamine (DEN) administration, respectively. Commercial tissue arrays of 90 HCC patients with paired counterparts were used to evaluate the expression and the prognostic value of ERBB4. Genes altered in the setting of ERBB4 loss was studied by microarray analysis and further validated by real-time PCR. We have found that depletion of ERBB4 in mice leads to more severe injury and liver tumor formation and loss of ERBB4 contributes to the development of hepatocellular tumor. In clinic samples of HCC, ERBB4 is down-regulated and exhibit prognostic value of HCC patients. Mechanistically, loss of ERBB4 suppressed p53 expression by inhibiting the expression of the tumor suppressor tp53inp1. Our study uncovers ERBB4 as a suppressor in the development of HCC and implies an ERBB4-TP53INP1-P53 axis in HCC.
An exclusive cellular and molecular network governs intestinal smooth muscle cell differentiation in vertebrates

ABSTRACT Intestinal smooth muscle cells (iSMCs) are a crucial component of the adult gastrointestinal tract and support intestinal differentiation, peristalsis and epithelial homeostasis during development. Despite these crucial roles, the origin of iSMCs and the mechanisms responsible for their differentiation and function remain largely unknown in vertebrates. Here, we demonstrate that iSMCs arise from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) in a stepwise process. Combining pharmacological and genetic approaches, we show that TGFβ/Alk5 signaling drives the LPM ventral migration and commitment to an iSMC fate. The Alk5-dependent induction of zeb1a and foxo1a is required for this morphogenetic process: zeb1a is responsible for driving LPM migration around the gut, whereas foxo1a regulates LPM predisposition to iSMC differentiation. We further show that TGFβ, zeb1a and foxo1a are tightly linked together by miR-145. In iSMC-committed cells, TGFβ induces the expression of miR-145, which in turn is able to downregulate zeb1a and foxo1a. The absence of miR-145 results in only a slight reduction in the number of iSMCs, which still express mesenchymal genes but fail to contract. Together, our data uncover a cascade of molecular events that govern distinct morphogenetic steps during the emergence and differentiation of vertebrate iSMCs. Summary: Lineage tracing approaches in zebrafish reveal that intestinal smooth muscle originates from the lateral plate mesoderm. Migration and differentiation of these cells involves TGFβ signaling.
DreamServer: Truly On-Demand Cloud Services

Today's cloud offerings, while promising flexibility, fail to deliver this flexibility to lower-end services with frequent, minute-long idle times. We present DreamServer, an architecture and combination of technologies to deploy virtualized services just-in-time: virtualized web applications are suspended when idle and resurrected only when the next request arrives. We demonstrate that stateful VM resume can be accomplished in less than one second for select applications. We have implemented DreamServer by customizing well-known open source software projects, the Apache web server and the virtual machine emulator qemu. Our evaluation of just how fast idle services can be reactivated includes different storage technologies, local and networked storage, and multiple VM resume strategies. The empirical results show that just-in-time deployment of virtualized services is possible with a minimal additional delay. This brings us closer to our understanding of flexibility in the cloud especially for customers with sporadic resource usage.
Effect of Converting Enzyme Inhibition on Renin Synthesis and Secretion in Mice

We have investigated the relative importance of renal renin stores and de novo synthesis during stimulation of renin secretion and the role of transcription and posttranscriptional factors in providing increased synthesis of renin. When enalapril was administered to previously untreated mice, plasma renin concentration increased 40-fold within 1.5 hours, and remained at a high level for the 8 days of the experiment. Renal renin decreased by 82% after 24 hours and thereafter increased to levels higher than controls. Calculations of renin turnover, based on data for the rate of metabolism of renin in plasma, indicated that most of the renin released in the first 24 hours could be accounted for by the decrease in renal renin stores, indicating that de novo synthesis played only a minor role. After 24 hours, however, when both plasma renin concentration and renal renin increased, the calculated rate of renin synthesis increased to nearly 40 times the rate in controls. When enalapril was administered to mice that had been depleted of plasma and renal renin by chronic sodium loading, plasma renin concentration increased markedly within 1.5 hours, but to only half the level achieved in the previously untreated mice. No decrease in renal renin occurred, suggesting that the renal renin remaining after chronic sodium loading was not available for release. Renal renin messenger RNA increased 4.5-fold after 6 hours, and after 8 days had increased to 5.0 times the level at day 0. The increase in calculated rate of renin synthesis was maximal between 5 and 8 days, when it was 54 times greater than at day 0. During enalapril treatment, there were marked increases in the granulation of the juxtaglomenilar cells and in the amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus they contained. These results suggest that posttranscriptional factors play a major role in determining the rate of renin synthesis.
Distinct roles for S100a8 in early embryo development and in the maternal deciduum

S100a8 is a cytosolic protein expressed in myeloid cells where it forms a stable heterodimer with another S100 protein family member, S100a9. The S100a9−/− mouse is viable and phenotypically normal, whereas the S100a8−/− condition is embryonic lethal. We present evidence that S100a8, without S100a9, has a previously unrecognized role in embryo development between fertilization and the 8‐cell stage at embryonic day (E) 2.5. S100a8 also has a second role in the maternal deciduum, where expression is associated with the vasculature from the E8.5 stage to the formation of mature placenta. Uterine natural killer cells that have a role in vascular remodelling colocalise with the S100a8 vascular expression in the metrial triangle. In inflammatory responses in peripheral tissues, S100a8 is a potent chemoattractant and also an anti‐oxidant. Both roles may be important in the developing placenta. Thus we highlight two new S100a9‐independent roles for S100a8 in early embryo development. Developmental Dynamics 240:2194–2203, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlations between echocardiographic parameters of right ventricular dysfunction and Galectin-3 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary hypertension.

AIM To evaluate the association between echocardiographic right ventricular (RV) structural and functional parameters and galectin-3 levels in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and associated pulmonary hypertension presenting with acutely aggravated dyspnoea. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a prospective study on forty patients with COPD and forty healthy volunteers matched for age and sex (mean age 59+/-6 years), measuring galectin-3 and NT-proBNP serum levels and specific echocardiographic parameters. RESULTS Galectin-3 was significantly higher in patients with COPD and elevated systolic pulmonary artery pressure than in healthy volunteers and discriminated better between patients with likely and possible pulmonary hypertension when compared to NT-proBNP. In multivariate analysis, the global model was better related to galectin-3 than to NT-proBNP levels (R²=0.61 vs. 0.31, p<0.001). Moreover, in contrast to NT-proBNP levels, correlations between galectin-3 levels and RV dysfunction, as assessed by the E/E' ratio and RV ejection fraction, persisted after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and COPD-induced inflammation. CONCLUSION In patients with COPD-associated pulmonary hypertension presenting with acutely aggravated dyspnoea, galectin-3 levels are predictive of RV dysfunction and correlate better with RV dysfunction parameters compared to NT-proBNP.
Journal of Informetrics

We propose an explanatory and computational theory of transformative discoveries in sci- ence. The theory is derived from a recurring theme found in a diverse range of scientiﬁc change,scientiﬁcdiscovery,andknowledgediffusiontheoriesinphilosophyofscience,soci- ology of science, social network analysis, and information science. The theory extends the concept of structural holes from social networks to a broader range of associative networks found in science studies, especially including networks that reﬂect underlying intellectual structures such as co-citation networks and collaboration networks. The central premise is that connecting otherwise disparate patches of knowledge is a valuable mechanism of creative thinking in general and transformative scientiﬁc discovery in particular. In addition, thepremiseconsistentlyexplainsthevalueofconnectingpeoplefromdifferentdisciplinary specialties.Thetheorynotonlyexplainsthenatureoftransformativediscoveriesintermsof the brokerage mechanism but also characterizes the subsequent diffusion process as opti-mal information foraging in a problem space. Complementary to epidemiological models of diffusion, foraging-based conceptualizations offer a uniﬁed framework for arriving at insightful discoveries and optimizing subsequent pathways of search in a problem space. Structural and temporal properties of potentially high-impact scientiﬁc discoveries are derived from the theory to characterize the emergence and evolution of intellectual net- worksofaﬁeld. TwoNobelPrizewinningdiscoveries,thediscoveryof Helicobacterpylori and gene targeting techniques, and a discovery in string theory demonstrated such properties. Connections to and differences from existing approaches are discussed. The primary value of the theory is that it provides not only a computational model of intellectual growth, but also concrete and constructive explanations of where one may ﬁnd insightful inspirations for transformative scientiﬁc discoveries.
Implementing Automated Surveillance for Tracking Clostridium difficile Infection at Multiple Healthcare Facilities

Automated surveillance using electronically available data has been found to be accurate and save time. An automated Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) surveillance algorithm was validated at 4 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Epicenter hospitals. Electronic surveillance was highly sensitive, specific, and showed good to excellent agreement for hospital-onset; community-onset, study facility-associated; indeterminate; and recurrent CDI. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012;33(3):305-308
Optimized design and error analysis of optical system for heterodyne grating interferometry

Based on the detailed derivation of the displacement measurement principle with Jones matrix method, the optical system of the heterodyne grating interferometry that we previously proposed was modified. A reflection phase grating with smaller grating pitch was designed with rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) to improve the measurement performance. The first order diffraction efficiency of 47.35% and 56.24% were obtained for TE and TM polarization, respectively. Therefore the TM polarization was chose to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the beat signal. Meanwhile, the errors of the optical system resulting from grating non-uniformity, frequency mixing, polarization mixing and polarization-frequency mixing were discussed as well. It was shown that the frequency mixing was the main source of the errors, and the modified heterodyne grating interferometry had the potential to realize nanometer resolution for displacement measurement.
Implementation of Four Common Functions on an LNS Co-Processor

We propose a scheme for evaluating four commonly used functions namely, (1) inverse trigonometric functions, (2) trigonometric functions, (3) the exponential function, and (4) the logarithmic function with the help of a logarithmic number system (LNS) processor. A novel idea of series folding has been introduced for computing the above functions, expressed in the form of infinite series. We also show that with a suitable choice of the radix for the LNS we can evaluate exponential and logarithmic functions without using any extra hardware. >
Solidification of AlSi Alloys in the ARTEMIS and ARTEX Facilities Including Rotating Magnetic Fields – A Combined Experimental and Numerical Analysis

The solidification microstructure is the consequence of a wide range of process parameters, like the growth velocity, the temperature gradient and the composition. Although the influence of these parameters is nowadays considerably well understood, an overall theory of the influence of convection on microstructural features is still lacking. The application of time dependent magnetic fields during directional solidification offers the possibility to create defined solidification and flow conditions. In this work, we report about solidification experiments in the ARTEMIS and ARTEX facilities including rotating magnetic fields (RMF). The effect of the forced melt flow on microstructural parameters like the primary and secondary dendrite arm spacing is analyzed for a wide range of magnetic field parameters. The experimental analysis is supported by a rigorous application of numerical modeling. An important issue is hereby the prediction of the resulting macrosegregation, i.e., differences in the composition on the scale of the sample (macroscale) due to the RMF. For the considered configuration and parameters an axial enrichment of Si is found beyond a certain magnetic field strength. The results are compared to available theories and their applicability is discussed.
Dopamine-Dependent Frontostriatal Planning Deficits in Early Parkinson ' s Disease

Three groups of medicated and nonmedicated patients at different stages of Parkinson's disease and a group of neurosurgical patients with localized frontal lobe excisions were assessed on 2 novel tests of planning and spatial working memory. Results demonstrate that, like other tests of frontal lobe dysfunction, planning and spatial working memory are vulnerable in nonmedicated patients with mild Parkinson's disease and suggest that certain aspects of the planning impairment in these patients may be ameliorated by dopaminergic therapy. Specifically, with medication there was an improvement in accuracy of planning, but not in latency, in a series of problems based on the Tower of London test of planning. The results in terms of the frontostriatal, dopamine-dependent nature of some of the cognitive deficits found in early Parkinson's disease versus the apparent dopamine-independent nature of deficits in other cognitive processes are discussed.
The Nature of Affective Priming in Music and Speech

The phenomenon of affective priming has caught scientific interest for over 30 years, yet the nature of the affective priming effect remains elusive. This study investigated the underlying mechanism of cross-modal affective priming and the influence of affective incongruence in music and speech on negativities in the N400 time-window. In Experiment 1, participants judged the valence of affective targets (affective categorization). We found that music and speech targets were evaluated faster when preceded by affectively congruent visual word primes, and vice versa. This affective priming effect was accompanied by a significantly larger N400-like effect following incongruent targets. In this experiment, both spreading of activation and response competition could underlie the affective priming effect. In Experiment 2, participants categorized the same affective targets based on nonaffective characteristics. However, as prime valence was irrelevant to the response dimension, affective priming effects could no longer be attributable to response competition. In Experiment 2, affective priming effects were observed neither at the behavioral nor electrophysiological level. The results of this study indicate that both affective music and speech prosody can prime the processing of visual words with emotional connotations, and vice versa. Affective incongruence seems to be associated with N400-like effects during evaluative categorization. The present data further suggest a role of response competition during the affective categorization of music, prosody, and words with emotional connotations.
Higher GABA Concentrations in Fallopian Tube Than in Brain of the Rat

Abstract: The GABA content was determined simultaneously in two peripheral organs, i.e., ovary and Fallopian tube. Moreover, the effects of inhibitors of glutamate decarboxylase or γ‐aminobutyrate transaminase (GABA‐T) on the GABA concentrations of the two organs were examined, to point out similarities and differences between central and peripheral pathways of GABA biosynthesis and degradation. In ovary, GABA concentration was found to be about 30% of that in total brain tissue. Furthermore, isoniazid and thiosemicarbazide caused significant reduction of GABA levels in peripheral organs. In contrast to the CNS, aminooxyacetic acid failed to increase, but even produced a significant diminution in peripheral GABA content. Gabaculine did not change GABA levels. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated for the first time that a peripheral organ, i.e. fallopian tube, contained higher GABA concentrations than the CNS. On the other hand, in the organs examined GABA seemed to be synthesized similarly, but metabolized by a pathway different from that in the brian.