Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EVALUACIÓN DE DIFICULTADES EMOCIONALES Y COMPORTAMENTALES EN POBLACIÓN INFANTO-JUVENIL: EL CUESTIONARIO DE CAPACIDADES Y DIFICULTADES (SDQ)

espanolEl Cuestionario de Capacidades y Dificultades (SDQ) es una herramienta de screening que permite la evaluacion de dificultades emocionales y comportamentales asi como del comportamiento prosocial en la infancia y adolescencia, desde una perspectiva multi-informante. El objetivo de este trabajo es llevar a cabo una revision selectiva de las caracteristicas epidemiologicas asi como de las principales evidencias a nivel psicometrico del SDQ. Las propiedades psicometricas referidas a la fiabilidad de las puntuaciones son adecuadas y el modelo dimensional de cinco factores (Problemas Emocionales, Problemas Conductuales, Problemas con los Companeros, Hiperactividad y Prosocial) es el mas ampliamente replicado. Asimismo, se han obtenido evidencias de validez que apoyan la utilidad de este instrumento de medida para su uso en el contexto escolar y clinico. Los resultados tambien indican que el genero y la edad influyen en la expresion fenotipica de las dificultades emocionales y comportamentales. En conclusion, el SDQ es un instrumento de medida breve, sencillo de administrar y util para la valoracion de este tipo de problematica en la infancia y adolescencia y puede ser de sumo interes para su uso en poblacion infanto-juvenil espanola EnglishThe Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a screening tool that enables the evaluation of emotional and behavioural difficulties, and prosocial behaviour in children and adolescents from a multi-informant perspective. The main goal of this article is to carry out a selective review on the main evidence concerning the psychometric and epidemiologic characteristics of the SDQ. The psychometric properties are adequate with regard to the reliability of the scores and the five-factor structure is the most accepted (emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems, and prosocial behaviour). In addition, different studies support the appropriateness of the SDQ for use as an evaluation tool in clinical and school contexts. The results show that gender and age have an influence on the phenotypic expression of emotional and behavioural difficulties. In conclusion, the SDQ is a short, easy to use, and useful measurement tool for evaluating problems, difficulties, and capacities related to childhood and adolescence and it may be used with Spanish children and adolescents.
Nucleosynthesis in the Outflow from Gamma-Ray Burst Accretion Disks

We examine the nucleosynthesis products that are produced in the outflow from rapidly accreting disks. We find that the type of element synthesis varies dramatically with the degree of neutrino trapping in the disk and therefore the accretion rate of the disk. Disks with relatively high accretion rates such as Ṁ = 10 M☉ s-1 can produce very neutron-rich nuclei that are found in the r-process. Disks with more moderate accretion rates can produce copious amounts of nickel, as well as the light elements such as lithium and boron. Disks with lower accretion rates such as Ṁ = 1 M☉ s-1 produce large amounts of nickel, as well as some unusual nuclei such as 49Ti, 45Sc, 64Zn, and 92Mo. This wide array of potential nucleosynthesis products is due to the varying influence of electron neutrinos and antineutrinos emitted from the disk on the neutron-to-proton ratio in the outflow. We use a parameterization for the outflow and discuss our results in terms of entropy and outflow acceleration.
Drug‐loaded red blood cell‐mediated clearance of HIV‐1 macrophage reservoir by selective inhibition of STAT1 expression

Current highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) cannot eliminate HIV‐1 from infected persons, mainly because of the existence of refractory viral reservoir(s). Beyond latently‐infected CD4+‐T lymphocytes, macrophages (M/M) are important persistent reservoirs for HIV in vivo, that represent a major obstacle to HIV‐1 eradication. Therefore, a rational therapeutic approach directed to the selective elimination of long‐living HIV‐infected M/M may be relevant in the therapy of HIV infection. Here we report that HIV‐1 chronic infection of human macrophages results in the marked increase of expression and phosphorylation of STAT1, a protein involved in the regulation of many functions such as cell growth, differentiation, and maintenance of cellular homeostasis, thereby providing a new molecular target for drug development. A single and brief exposure to 9‐(β‐D‐arabinofuranosyl)‐2‐fluoroadenine 5′‐monophosphate (FaraAMP, Fludarabine), a potent antileukemic nucleoside analog active against STAT1 expressing cells, selectively kills macrophage cultures infected by HIV‐1 without affecting uninfected macrophages. Furthermore, encapsulation of Fludarabine into autologous erythrocytes (RBC) and targeting to macrophages through a single‐18 h treatment with drug‐loaded RBC, not only abolishes the Fludarabine‐mediated toxic effect on non‐phagocytic cells, but also enhances the selective killing of HIV‐infected macrophages. As a final result, a potent (>98%) and long‐lasting (at least 4 weeks without rebound) inhibition of virus release from drug‐loaded RBC‐treated chronically‐infected macrophages was achieved. Taken together, the evidence of HIV‐1‐induced increase of STAT1, and the availability of a selective drug targeting system, may prove useful in the design of new pharmacological treatments to clear the HIV‐1 macrophage reservoir.
New Insights on the Evolutionary History of Aphids and Their Primary Endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola

Since the establishment of the symbiosis between the ancestor of modern aphids and their primary endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola, insects and bacteria have coevolved. Due to this parallel evolution, the analysis of bacterial genomic features constitutes a useful tool to understand their evolutionary history. Here we report, based on data from B. aphidicola, the molecular evolutionary analysis, the phylogenetic relationships among lineages and a comparison of sequence evolutionary rates of symbionts of four aphid species from three subfamilies. Our results support previous hypotheses of divergence of B. aphidicola and their host lineages during the early Cretaceous and indicate a closer relationship between subfamilies Eriosomatinae and Lachninae than with the Aphidinae. They also reveal a general evolutionary pattern among strains at the functional level. We also point out the effect of lifecycle and generation time as a possible explanation for the accelerated rate in B. aphidicola from the Lachninae.
Galaxy assembly bias on the red sequence

Using samples drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we study the relationship between local galaxy density and the properties of galaxies on the red sequence. After removing the mean dependence of average overdensity (or ‘environment’) on colour and luminosity, we find that there remains a strong residual trend between luminosity-weighted mean stellar age and environment, such that galaxies with older stellar populations favour regions of higher overdensity relative to galaxies of like colour and luminosity (and hence of like stellar mass). Even when excluding galaxies with recent star formation activity (i.e. younger mean stellar ages) from the sample, we still find a highly significant correlation between stellar age and environment at fixed stellar mass. This residual age–density relation provides direct evidence for an assembly bias on the red sequence such that galaxies in higher density regions formed earlier than galaxies of similar mass in lower density environments. We discuss these results in the context of the age–metallicity degeneracy and in comparison to previous studies at low and intermediate redshift. Finally, we consider the potential role of assembly bias in explaining recent results regarding the evolution of post-starburst (or post-quenching) galaxies and the environmental dependence of the Type Ia supernova rate.
Sentiment Classification of Movie and Product Reviews Using Contextual Valence Shifters

We present a method for determining the sentiment expressed by a customer review. The semantic orientation of a review can be positive, negative, or neutral. Our method counts positive and negative terms, but also takes into account contextual valence shifters, such as negations and intensifiers. Tests are done taking both negations and intensifiers into account, and also using only negations without intensifiers. Negations are used to reverse the semantic polarity of a particular term, while intensifiers are used to change the degree to which a term is positive or negative. We use the General Inquirer in order to identify positive and negative terms, as well as negations, overstatements, and understatements. We also test the impact of adding extra positive and negative terms from other sources, including a dictionary of synonym differences and a very large web corpus. To compute the corpus-based values of the semantic orientation of individual terms we use their association scores with a small group of positive and negative terms. We show that including contextual valence shifters improves the accuracy of the classification.
Environmental Research and Public Health Environmental Risk Factors in Psoriasis: the Point of View of the Nutritionist

Psoriasis is a common, chronic, immune-mediated skin disease with systemic pro-inflammatory activation, where both environmental and genetic factors contribute to its pathogenesis. Among the risk factors for psoriasis, evidence is accumulating that nutrition plays a major role, per se, in psoriasis pathogenesis. In particular, body weight, nutrition, and diet may exacerbate the clinical manifestations, or even trigger the disease. Understanding the epidemiological relationship between obesity and psoriasis is also important for delineating the risk profile for the obesity-related comorbidities commonly found among psoriatic patients. Moreover, obesity can affect both drug's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Additionally, the overall beneficial effects on the obesity-associated comorbidities, clinical recommendations to reduce weight and to adopt a healthy lifestyle could improve the psoriasis severity, particularly in those patients with moderate to severe disease, thus exerting additional therapeutic effects in the conventional treatment in obese patients with psoriasis. Education regarding modifiable environmental factors is essential in the treatment of this disease and represents one of the primary interventions that can affect the prognosis of patients with psoriasis. The goal is to make psoriatic patients and health care providers aware of beneficial dietary interventions. The aim of this review is to assess the relevance of the environmental factors as modifiable risk factors in psoriasis pathogenesis, with particular regard to the involvement of obesity and nutrition in the management of psoriasis, providing also specific nutrition recommendations.
Usefulness of Implantation of Diffractive Multifocal Intraocular Lens in Eyes with Long Axial Lengths

Purpose. This study retrospectively analyzed the postoperative visual functions of myopic eyes implanted with multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) to evaluate the efficacy of multifocal IOL in highly myopic eyes. Methods. We studied 61 patients (96 eyes) who were implanted with multifocal IOL ZMA00 or ZMB00 (Abbott Medical Optics). The patients were stratified into two groups by axial length: 26 mm or above (AL ≥ 26 group) and below 26 mm (AL < 26 group). Postoperative corrected and uncorrected distance (5 m) and near (30 cm) visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity, and depth of focus were compared between two groups. Results. In the AL ≥ 26 group and the AL < 26 group, the mean ± standard deviation uncorrected distance logMAR VA at 12-month postoperative follow-up was −0.04 ± 0.11 and −0.01 ± 0.14, respectively; and the corrected distance VA was −0.17 ± 0.08 and −0.14 ± 0.07, with no significant differences between two groups (p = 0.558 and 0.101; Mann-Whitney U test). For near VA, the corresponding uncorrected VA was 0.06 ± 0.08 and 0.05 ± 0.09; and distance-corrected VA was 0.01 ± 0.06 and 0.01 ± 0.02, with no significant differences between two groups (p = 0.572, and 0.157; Mann-Whitney U test). Conclusion. The present study demonstrates that it is possible to achieve good uncorrected near and distance VA following implantation of multifocal IOL in eyes with long axial lengths.
Effects of Ginger and Expectations on Symptoms of Nausea in a Balanced Placebo Design

Objective Ginger effects on (experimental) nausea have been described, but also strong placebo effects and sex differences when nausea is involved. The “balanced placebo design” has been proposed to allow better separation of drug and placebo effects. Methods Sixty-four healthy participants (32 women) were randomly assigned to receive an antiemetic ginger preparation or placebo, and half of each group was told to have received drug or placebo. They were exposed to 5×2 min body rotations to induce nausea. Subjective symptoms and behavioral (rotation tolerance, head movements) and physiological measures (electrogastrogram, cortisol) were recorded. Groups were balanced for sex of participants and experimenters. Results Ginger and the information given did not affect any outcome measure, and previous sex differences could not be confirmed. Adding the experimenters revealed a significant four-factorial interaction on behavioral but not on subjective or physiological measures Men who received placebo responded to placebo information when provided by the male experimenter, and to ginger information when provided by the female experimenter. This effect was not significant in women. Conclusion The effects of an antiemetic drug and provided information interact with psychosocial variables of participants and experimenters in reports of nausea.
Patra: Parallel tree-reweighted message passing architecture

Maximum a posteriori probability inference algorithms for Markov Random Field are widely used in many applications, such as computer vision and machine learning. Sequential tree-reweighted message passing (TRW-S) is an inference algorithm which shows good quality in finding optimal solutions. However, the performance of TRW-S in software cannot meet the requirements of many real-time applications, due to the sequential scheme and the high memory, bandwidth and computational costs. This paper proposes Patra, a novel parallel tree-reweighted message passing architecture, which involves a fully pipelined design targeting FPGA technology. We build a hybrid CPU/FPGA system to test the performance of Patra for stereo matching. Experimental results show that Patra provides about 100 times faster than a software implementation of TRW-S, and 12 times faster than a GPU-based message passing algorithm. Compared with an existing design in four FPGAs, we can achieve 2 times speedup in a single FPGA. Moreover, Patra can work at video rate in many cases, such as a rate of 167 frame/sec for a standard stereo matching test case, which makes it promising for many real-time applications.
Intelligent coaching of mobile working machine operators

The performance of a mobile working machine is strongly dependent on the skills of the operator. This paper describes a method for coaching operators of mobile working machines, aiming at increasing the performance of the machine work. The first step is to recognize the plan of the operator, the intent behind the operator's actions. The plan is recognized from the control signals given by the operator during normal work, using hidden Markov models. The operator's performance level is evaluated using the obtained state information. The performance of the operator in a man-machine system is regarded to consist of cognitive and motor-sensory skills. The randomness associated with human operators is dealt with statistical models. Finally, linguistic feedback is given to the operator using a fuzzy expert system. The method is illustrated by an example of a simple but ill-structured work strategy optimization problem associated with machine work.
Regional species pools control community saturation in lake phytoplankton

Recent research has highlighted that positive biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships hold for all groups of organisms, including microbes. Yet, we still lack understanding regarding the drivers of microbial diversity, in particular, whether diversity of microbial communities is a matter of local factors, or whether metacommunities are of similar importance to what is known from higher organisms. Here, we explore the driving forces behind spatial variability in lake phytoplankton diversity in Fennoscandia. While phytoplankton biovolume is best predicted by local phosphorus concentrations, phytoplankton diversity (measured as genus richness, G) only showed weak correlations with local concentrations of total phosphorus. By estimating spatial averages of total phosphorus concentrations on various scales from an independent, spatially representative lake survey, we found that close to 70 per cent of the variability in local phytoplankton diversity can be explained by regionally averaged phosphorus concentrations on a scale between 100 and 400 km. Thus, the data strongly indicate the existence of metacommunities on this scale. Furthermore, we show a strong dependency between lake productivity and spatial community turnover. Thus, regional productivity affects beta-diversity by controlling spatial community turnover, resulting in scale-dependent productivity-diversity relationships. As an illustration of the interaction between local and regional processes in shaping microbial diversity, our results offer both empirical support and a plausible mechanism for the existence of common scaling rules in both the macrobial and the microbial worlds. We argue that awareness of regional species pools in phytoplankton and other unicellular organisms may critically improve our understanding of ecosystems and their susceptibility to anthropogenic stressors.
The Positive Inotropic Effect of Pyruvate Involves an Increase in Myofilament Calcium Sensitivity

Pyruvate is a metabolic fuel that is a potent inotropic agent. Despite its unique inotropic and antioxidant properties, the molecular mechanism of its inotropic mechanism is still largely unknown. To examine the inotropic effect of pyruvate in parallel with intracellular calcium handling under near physiological conditions, we measured pH, myofilament calcium sensitivity, developed force, and calcium transients in ultra thin rabbit heart trabeculae at 37 °C loaded iontophoretically with the calcium indicator bis-fura-2. By contrasting conditions of control versus sarcoplasmic reticulum block (with either cyclopiazonic acid and ryanodine or with thapsigargin) we were able to characterize and isolate the effects of pyruvate on sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium handling and developed force. A potassium contracture technique was subsequently utilized to assess the force-calcium relationship and thus the myofilament calcium sensitivity. Pyruvate consistently increased developed force whether or not the sarcoplasmic reticulum was blocked (16.8±3.5 to 24.5±5.1 vs. 6.9±2.6 to 12.5±4.4 mN/mm2, non-blocked vs. blocked sarcoplasmic reticulum respectively, p<0.001, n = 9). Furthermore, the sensitizing effect of pyruvate on the myofilaments was demonstrated by potassium contractures (EC50 at baseline versus 20 minutes of pyruvate infusion (peak force development) was 701±94 vs. 445±65 nM, p<0.01, n = 6). This study is the first to demonstrate that a leftward shift in myofilament calcium sensitivity is an important mediator of the inotropic effect of pyruvate. This finding can have important implications for future development of therapeutic strategies in the management of heart failure.
Absolute Calibration of Optical Satellite Sensors Using Libya 4 Pseudo Invariant Calibration Site

The objective of this paper is to report the improvements in an empirical absolute calibration model developed at South Dakota State University using Libya 4 (+28.55°, +23.39°) pseudo invariant calibration site (PICS). The approach was based on use of the Terra MODIS as the radiometer to develop an absolute calibration model for the spectral channels covered by this instrument from visible to shortwave infrared. Earth Observing One (EO-1) Hyperion, with a spectral resolution of 10 nm, was used to extend the model to cover visible and near-infrared regions. A simple Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution function (BRDF) model was generated using Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations over Libya 4 and the resulting model was validated with nadir data acquired from satellite sensors such as Aqua MODIS and Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+). The improvements in the absolute calibration model to account for the BRDF due to off-nadir measurements and annual variations in the atmosphere are summarized. BRDF models due to off-nadir viewing angles have been derived using the measurements from EO-1 Hyperion. In addition to L7 ETM+, measurements from other sensors such as Aqua MODIS, UK-2 Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC), ENVISAT Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) and Operational Land Imager (OLI) onboard Landsat 8 (L8), which was launched in February 2013, were employed to validate the model. These satellite sensors differ in terms of the width of their spectral bandpasses, overpass time, off-nadir-viewing capabilities, spatial resolution and temporal revisit time, etc. The results demonstrate that the proposed empirical calibration model has accuracy of the order of 3% with an uncertainty of about 2% for the sensors used in the study.
The Roles of Vision and Eye Movements in the Control of Activities of Daily Living

The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of fixations during the performance of a well-learned task in a natural setting (making tea), and to classify the types of monitoring action that the eyes perform. We used a head-mounted eye-movement video camera, which provided a continuous view of the scene ahead, with a dot indicating foveal direction with an accuracy of about 1 deg. A second video camera recorded the subject's activities from across the room. The videos were linked and analysed frame by frame. Foveal direction was always close to the object being manipulated, and very few fixations were irrelevant to the task. The first object-related fixation typically led the first indication of manipulation by 0.56 s, and vision moved to the next object about 0.61 s before manipulation of the previous object was complete. Each object-related act that did not involve a waiting period lasted an average of 3.3 s and involved about 7 fixations. Roughly a third of all fixations on objects could be definitely identified with one of four monitoring functions: locating objects used later in the process, directing the hand or object in the hand to a new location, guiding the approach of one object to another (eg kettle and lid), and checking the state of some variable (eg water level). We conclude that although the actions of tea-making are ‘automated’ and proceed with little conscious involvement, the eyes closely monitor every step of the process. This type of unconscious attention must be a common phenomenon in everyday life.