Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal-Dependent Antidepressant Action of the H3 Receptor Antagonist Clobenpropit in a Rat Model of Depression

Background: Histamine is a modulatory neurotransmitter regulating neuronal activity. Antidepressant drugs target modulatory neurotransmitters, thus ultimately regulating glutamatergic transmission and plasticity. Histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists have both pro-cognitive and antidepressant effects; however, the mechanism by which they modulate glutamate transmission is not clear. We measured the effects of the H3R antagonist clobenpropit in the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL), a rat model of depression with impaired memory and altered glutamatergic transmission. Methods: Behavioral tests included the forced swim test, memory tasks (passive avoidance, novel object recognition tests), and anxiety-related paradigms (novelty suppressed feeding, social interaction, light/dark box tests). Hippocampal protein levels were detected by Western blot. Hippocampal plasticity was studied by in slice field recording of CA3-CA1 long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP), and glutamatergic transmission by whole-cell patch clamp recording of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Results: Clobenpropit, administered systemically or directly into the hippocampus, decreased immobility during the forced swim test; systemic injections reversed memory deficits and increased hippocampal GluN2A protein levels. FSL rats displayed anxiety-related behaviors not affected by clobenpropit treatment. Clobenpropit enhanced hippocampal plasticity, but did not affect EPSCs. H1R and H2R antagonists prevented the clobenpropit-induced increase in LTP and, injected locally into the hippocampus, blocked clobenpropit’s effect in the forced swim test. Conclusions: Clobenpropit’s antidepressant effects and the enhanced synaptic plasticity require hippocampal H1R and H2R activation, suggesting that clobenpropit acts through disinhibition of histamine release. Clobenpropit reverses memory deficits and increases hippocampal GluN2A expression without modifying anxiety-related phenotypes or EPSCs in CA1 pyramidal neurons.
GENERICITY , QUANTIFICATION , AND MODALITY : THE MANY FACES OF – UM AND – UNNU IN MALAYALAM

The imperfective aspect marker –unnu licenses a situation argument, which is the characteristic property of an episodic predicate. The generic reading of the –unnu construction is derived when the situation argument is bound by an extensional quantifying operator. The imperfective reading is derived when the situation argument is bound by an existential operator signalled by the existential copula uNTə. The –unnu generic sentences contrast with the generic sentences with the future tense marking modal particle –um. The modal marker –um is argued to signal the presence of a modalized generic operator that quantifies over the set of accessible possible worlds. This gives the sentence an intensional (characterizing) property. The modal –um is thus claimed to be closely related to the universal quantifying particle –um.
Early Outcomes and the Virological Effect of Delayed Treatment Switching to Second-Line Therapy in An Antiretroviral Roll-Out Programme in South Africa

Background More patients in resource-limited settings are starting second-line antiretroviral treatment (ART) following first-line ART failure. We aimed to describe predictors of lack of virological suppression in HIV-infected patients on second-line ART in a roll-out programme in South Africa. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on an adult HIV treatment cohort who started second-line ART (lopinavir/ritonavir, didanosine and zidovudine) after virological failure of first-line ART (two consecutive HIV RNA>1,000 copies/ml). Predictors of week 24 lack of suppression (HIV RNA>400 copies/ml) on second-line ART were determined by bivariate analysis where missing equals failure. A multivariable model that adjusted for gender, age and time to ART switch was used. We tested these findings in sensitivity analyses defining lack of suppression at week 24 as HIV RNA>1,000 and >5,000 copies/ml. Results Of 6,339 patients on ART, 202 started second-line ART. At week 24, an estimated 41% (95% CI 34–47) did not achieve virological suppression. Female sex (adjusted OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.03–4.88) and time to ART switch (adjusted OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.14 for each additional month) increased the risk of lack of virological suppression. Age, CD4+ T-cell count and HIV RNA at second-line ART initiation did not predict this outcome. In multivariate models, these findings were insensitive to the definition of lack of virological suppression. Conclusions A substantial number of HIV-infected patients do not achieve virological suppression by week 24 of second-line ART. Women and patients with delayed start of second-line ART after first-line ART failure were at an increased risk of lack of virological suppression.
CHANDRA CLUSTER COSMOLOGY PROJECT III: COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETER CONSTRAINTS

Chandra observations of large samples of galaxy clusters detected in X-rays by ROSAT provide a new, robust determination of the cluster mass functions at low and high redshifts. Statistical and systematic errors are now sufficiently small, and the redshift leverage sufficiently large for the mass function evolution to be used as a useful growth of a structure-based dark energy probe. In this paper, we present cosmological parameter constraints obtained from Chandra observations of 37 clusters with 〈z〉 = 0.55 derived from 400 deg2 ROSAT serendipitous survey and 49 brightest z ≈ 0.05 clusters detected in the All-Sky Survey. Evolution of the mass function between these redshifts requires ΩΛ > 0 with a ∼5σ significance, and constrains the dark energy equation-of-state parameter to w0 = −1.14 ± 0.21, assuming a constant w and a flat universe. Cluster information also significantly improves constraints when combined with other methods. Fitting our cluster data jointly with the latest supernovae, Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, and baryonic acoustic oscillation measurements, we obtain w0 = −0.991 ± 0.045 (stat) ±0.039 (sys), a factor of 1.5 reduction in statistical uncertainties, and nearly a factor of 2 improvement in systematics compared with constraints that can be obtained without clusters. The joint analysis of these four data sets puts a conservative upper limit on the masses of light neutrinos ∑mν < 0.33 eV at 95% CL. We also present updated measurements of ΩMh and σ8 from the low-redshift cluster mass function.
Analysis of the Olive Fruit Fly Bactrocera oleae Transcriptome and Phylogenetic Classification of the Major Detoxification Gene Families

The olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae has a unique ability to cope with olive flesh, and is the most destructive pest of olives worldwide. Its control has been largely based on the use of chemical insecticides, however, the selection of insecticide resistance against several insecticides has evolved. The study of detoxification mechanisms, which allow the olive fruit fly to defend against insecticides, and/or phytotoxins possibly present in the mesocarp, has been hampered by the lack of genomic information in this species. In the NCBI database less than 1,000 nucleotide sequences have been deposited, with less than 10 detoxification gene homologues in total. We used 454 pyrosequencing to produce, for the first time, a large transcriptome dataset for B. oleae. A total of 482,790 reads were assembled into 14,204 contigs. More than 60% of those contigs (8,630) were larger than 500 base pairs, and almost half of them matched with genes of the order of the Diptera. Analysis of the Gene Ontology (GO) distribution of unique contigs, suggests that, compared to other insects, the assembly is broadly representative for the B. oleae transcriptome. Furthermore, the transcriptome was found to contain 55 P450, 43 GST-, 15 CCE- and 18 ABC transporter-genes. Several of those detoxification genes, may putatively be involved in the ability of the olive fruit fly to deal with xenobiotics, such as plant phytotoxins and insecticides. In summary, our study has generated new data and genomic resources, which will substantially facilitate molecular studies in B. oleae, including elucidation of detoxification mechanisms of xenobiotic, as well as other important aspects of olive fruit fly biology.
How travel might become more like spiritual pilgrimage: An autoethnographic study

ABSTRACT This paper is based on an autoethnographic study of travel as spiritual pilgrimage. It includes a critical analysis of literature regarding forms of Christian pilgrimage over the ages, examining how time and culture impact upon conceptions of pilgrimage. The author reflects upon her own experiences and analyses field notes collected as she travelled over a seven-week period, including an eight-day pilgrimage across St. Cuthbert’s Way in the UK. Stages and themes of pilgrimage are discussed and suggestions are made as to how travel might become more like pilgrimage.
Large system analysis of zero-forcing precoding in MISO broadcast channels with limited feedback

In this paper we analyze the sum rate of zero-forcing (ZF) precoding in MISO broadcast channels with limited feedback, transmit correlation and path loss. Our analysis assumes that the number of transmit antennas M and the number of users K are large, while their ratio remains bounded. By applying recent results from random matrix theory we derive a deterministic equivalent of the signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) and compute the sum rate maximizing number of users as well as the limiting sum rate for high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), as a function of the channel errors and the channel correlation pattern. Simulations show that theoretical and numerical results match well, even for small system dimensions.
Information on how to cite items within roar

In some areas of software engineering research, there are several metamodels claiming to capture the main issues. Though it is profitable to have variety at the beginning of a research field, after some time, the diversity of metamodels becomes an obstacle, for instance to the sharing of results between research groups. To reach consensus and unification of existing metamodels, metamodel-driven software language engineering can be applied. This paper illustrates an application of software language engineering in the agent-oriented software engineering research domain. Here, we introduce a relatively generic agent-oriented metamodel whose suitability for supporting modeling language development is demonstrated by evaluating it with respect to several existing methodology-specific metamodels. First, the metamodel is constructed by a combination of bottom-up and top-down analysis and best practice. The concepts thus obtained and their relationships are then evaluated by mapping to two agent-oriented metamodels: TAO and Islander. We then refine the metamodel by extending the comparisons with the metamodels implicit or explicit within five more extant agent-oriented approaches: Adelfe, PASSI, Gaia, INGENIAS, and Tropos. The resultant FAML metamodel is a potential candidate for future standardization as an important component for engineering an agent modeling language.
The Reality of Secondary Education in Jordan from the Perspective of Secondary School Principals

The study aims at assessing the reality of secondary education in Jordan from the high school principals’ perspective, in addition to figuring out the impact of the gender differences on the results. To answer the study questions; the researcher selected the study sample using the stratified random method. The sample consisted of 73 headmaster and headmistress of secondary school from the southern governorates of Jordan (Ma’an, Al Shoubak, Petra, Southern Badia, and Aqaba) for the academic year 2017/2018. The researcher developed a questionnaire consisted of (35) paragraphs, divided into five fields: (building and equipment, students, teaching staff, curricula and educational supervision) and for the combined fields as well. The results of the study revealed the following: (1) Principals’ assessment of the two fields of building and equipment, and students, and for the fields combined was high (2) Principals’ assessment of teaching staff, curricula, and educational supervision was medium (3) Principals’ assessment of the questionnaire was not affected by the gender.
Fe b 20 07 A relativistic quantum theory of gravity

A relativistic quantum theory of gravity is proposed in which the gravitational interaction between particles is represented by distanceand velocity-dependent potentials. The Poincaré invariance, the cluster separability, and the causality of this approach are established. The Hamiltonian for interacting massive particles and photons is formulated within the c−2 approximation. The classical limit of this theory reproduces well-known relativistic gravitational effects, including the anomalous precession of the Mercury’s perihelion, the light bending by the Sun’s gravity, the radar echo delay, the gravitational time dilation, and the red shift.
Research to Practice Online

Abstract Although computer-mediated discussions (CMDs) have the potential to be ideal forums for fostering dialogue, research on listservs and in college composition classes has found that the discourse tends to be dominated by a few individuals, often men, and is sometimes abusive. In contrast, results of our study in a teacher education course revealed that both men and women used a range and a mix of discourse strategies. With a few exceptions, both men and women were inclusive, supportive, personalizing, receptive to others’ ideas, and attenuating. They were also willing to be critical and to challenge others’ assumptions, images, beliefs, and positions, which they usually prefaced with supportive and attenuating remarks. In addition, both men and women were equally likely to mock and exclude those who did not abide by the conventions of the group norms, although such comments were uncommon. Based on our own research and a review of the literature, we discuss what we learned and offer recommendations for instructors around four themes: planning, netiquette, the role of the instructor, and assessment.
Fusion of imprecise data applied to image quality assessment

The estimation of dependence relationships between variables is generally performed using probabilistic models. However, these models are not adapted to imprecise data and they cannot easily take into account symbolic information such as experts opinions. On the contrary, evidence theory also called theory of belief function, allow to integrate these kinds of uncertainties. In this paper we propose regression analysis based on a fuzzy extension of belief function theory, applied to image quality assessment problem. For a given input vector x of relevant images feature, the method provides a prediction regarding the value of the output variable y which represents the score of subjective image quality test, namely the DMOS value. To validate the proposed approach, experiments are conducted on LIVE image database. The proposed measure is compared with algorithms based on general regression as neural networks and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The framework of this paper is of nature subjective and results show that our approach performs well and illustrate the interest of the theory of belief function in this context.
The PRETTY FEW SEEDS2 gene encodes an Arabidopsis homeodomain protein that regulates ovule development

The PRETTY FEW SEEDS2 gene encodes a homeodomain protein that regulates ovule development. In peptide alignments spanning the homeodomain and the WOX domain, PFS2 shared 95% amino acid identity with the PRESSED FLOWER and WUSCHEL proteins. In the pfs2-1 allele, the integuments display morphological abnormalities and 95% of the embryo sacs fail to develop properly, which results in reduced fecundity. PFS2 transcripts were most abundant in developing ovules, which accounts for the ovule phenotype in pfs2 mutants. In addition, PFS2 transcripts were present in developing primordia and differentiating organs, but, interestingly, they were absent during cell maturation. Ectopic PFS2 expression interfered with differentiation of primordia from meristems. For most plants, this resulted in fasciated stems, altered phyllotaxy, a cessation of primordia differentiation, or a combination of these. In the plants that made ovules, ectopic PFS2 expression blocked megaspore mother cell differentiation and often impeded polarized growth of the outer integument. PFS2 activity altered AGAMOUS expression, which accounts for some of the gain- and loss-of-function phenotypes. Based on analyses presented here, PFS2 affects either ovule patterning or differentiation.
Vector bundles on elliptic curve and Sklyanin algebras

In [4] we introduce the associative algebras $Q_{n,k}(\CE,\tau)$. Recall the definition. These algebras are labeled by discrete parameters $n,k$; $n,k$ are integers $n>k>0$ and $n$ and $k$ have not common divisors. Then, $\CE$ is an elliptic curve and $\tau$ is a point in $\CE$. We identify $\CE$ with $\BC/\Gamma$, where $\Gamma$ is a lattice.
The agent-based perspective on imitation

This chapter presents the agent-based perspective on imitation. In this perspective, imitation is best considered as the behavior of an autonomous agent in relation to its environment, including other autonomous agents. We argue that such a perspective helps unfold the full potential of research on imitation and helps in identifying challenging and important research issues. We first explain the agent-based perspective and then discuss it in the context of particular research issues in studies with animals and artifacts, with reference to chapters presented in this book. At the end of the chapter we briefly introduce the individual contributions to this book and provide a roadmap that helps the reader in navigating through the exciting and highly interwoven themes that are presented in this book.
Synthesis of System Verilog Assertions

In recent years, assertion-based verification is being widely accepted as a key technology in the pre-silicon validation of system-on-chip (SOC) designs. The System Verilog language integrates the specification of assertions with the hardware description. In this paper we show that there are several compelling reasons for synthesizing assertions in hardware, and present an approach for synthesizing System Verilog assertions (SVA) in hardware. Our method investigates the structure of SVA properties and decomposes them into simple communicating parallel hardware units that together act as a monitor for the property. We present a tool that performs this synthesis, and also show that the chip area required by the monitors for a industry standard ABV IP for the ARMAMBA AHB protocol is quite modest
Protein domain decomposition using a graph-theoretic approach

MOTIVATION Automatic decomposition of a multi-domain protein into individual domains represents a highly interesting and unsolved problem. As the number of protein structures in PDB is growing at an exponential rate, there is clearly a need for more reliable and efficient methods for protein domain decomposition simply to keep the domain databases up-to-date. RESULTS We present a new algorithm for solving the domain decomposition problem, using a graph-theoretic approach. We have formulated the problem as a network flow problem, in which each residue of a protein is represented as a node of the network and each residue--residue contact is represented as an edge with a particular capacity, depending on the type of the contact. A two-domain decomposition problem is solved by finding a bottleneck (or a minimum cut) of the network, which minimizes the total cross-edge capacity, using the classical Ford--Fulkerson algorithm. A multi-domain decomposition problem is solved through repeatedly solving a series of two-domain problems. The algorithm has been implemented as a computer program, called DomainParser. We have tested the program on a commonly used test set consisting of 55 proteins. The decomposition results are 78.2% in agreement with the literature on both the number of decomposed domains and the assignments of residues to each domain, which compares favorably to existing programs. On the subset of two-domain proteins (20 in number), the program assigned 96.7% of the residues correctly when we require that the number of decomposed domains is two.
Is It the Government’s Responsibility to Reduce Income Inequality? An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Public Opinion toward Redistributive Policy in the United States, 1978 to 2016

Abstract This study examines age, period, and cohort (APC) effects on changing opinions among the American public toward the federal government’s responsibility for income redistribution. More specifically, we use the hierarchical age–period–cohort (HAPC) model to analyze time periods and birth cohorts as contextual variables and age as an individual-level variable to address the identification problem inherent in APC analysis. Our results show that while cohort effects on public opinion toward redistributive policy exist, such effects are explained by individual-level compositional differences among cohorts, and while period effects are evident, particular trends in that regard are difficult to discern. What our results make abundantly clear, however, is the significant impact of age on opinions toward redistributive policy. As people age, they become significantly less supportive of federal redistribution policies, a relationship that is robust in the presence of cohort and period effects as well as a full range of controls. In the context of a rapidly aging population, the implication is that more conservative policy preferences linked to older age provide little reason to believe that mass support for government redistribution is in the offing.
Karakter Masyarakat Indonesia Berdasarkan Peribahasa

This study examines the character of Indonesian society through proverbs. The purpose of this study is to describe the worldview of Indonesian society as reflected in proverbs. The intended view includes human, natural, and supernatural powers. The findings show that the condition of Indonesian people as human beings is at the highest level. Proverbs reflect the extraordinary characteristics of Indonesian society. Indonesian society has advantages from the Netherlands. This finding shows the exploitation of the Netherlands for 301 years in Indonesia. Another extraordinary identity is the Indonesian society's view of Islam. Based on the analysis, it can be seen that Indonesian society has a high regard for religion, values, and self-esteem. Penelitian ini mengkaji karakter masyarakat Indonesia melalui peribahasa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menggambarkan pandangan dunia terhadap masyarakat Indonesia yang tercermin dari peribahasa. Pandangan yang dimaksud, meliputi: manusia, alam, dan kekuatan supranatural. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa kondisi masyarakat Indonesia sebagai manusia di tingkat tertinggi. Peribahasa mencerminkan karakteristik yang luar biasa dari masyarakat Indonesia. Masyarakat Indonesia memiliki kelebihan dari Belanda. Temuan ini menunjukkan eksploitasi Belanda selama 301 tahun di Indonesia. Identitas lain yang luar biasa adalah pandangan masyarakat Indonesia 'terhadap Islam. Berdasarkan analisis dapat diketahui bahwa masyarakat Indonesia menjungjung tinggi agama, nilai, dan harga diri.