Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of memory load on eye movement control: A study using the reading span test

We investigated the effect of memory load on attentional control using the Reading Span Test (RST), a task that requires working memory capacity. Previous studies have shown that a shortage of working memory resources leads to a deficit of inhibition of taskirrelevant information and that memory load affects eye movement control. Here, we recorded eye movement and integrated it with RST performance. Total fixation time and the number of regressions showed a memory load effect with the to-be-remembered word, and RST performance was also affected under high memory load. We concluded that a shortage of working memory resources caused by memory load prevents flexible eye movement control and may cause a deficit in inhibitory control based on intrusion errors.
Structure and function of the human subthalamic nucleus

The overall aim of this thesis was to study the structure and function of the human STN. The first part of this thesis focused on describing several anatomical features of the STN using ultra-high field 7T MRI. The results of Chapter 2 show that it is feasible to manually segment the BG but that the choice of MRI sequence influences the visibility of the structure and that the anatomical variability is large. Chapter 3 showed that healthy aging has an effect on the location of the STN that highlights the need to develop atlases that take aging into account. Chapter 4 reviewed the empirical literature regarding the number of subdivisions in the STN and, contrary to popular believes, comes to the conclusion that there is no clear empirical evidence for well defined "limbic", "cognitive", and "motor" subparts. Chapter 5 presents the results from an empirical study providing clear evidence for a gradual organization of iron in the STN. The findings of chapter 4 and 5 are in favour of a theoretical model of the BG in which cognitive, motor, and limbic information are integrated instead of segregated. The second part of this thesis focused on the function of the STN and its role in perceptual decision-making. First, an fMRI meta-analysis was conducted. The fMRI meta-analysis, which is described in Chapter 6, showed that there is some evidence for the involvement of the BG in decision-making but did not provide any evidence for the involvement of the STN. This was in direct contrast to the findings described in Chapter 7 where evidence is provided for the involvement of the STN in perceptual decision-making. Finally, chapter 8 summarizes the empirical findings and discusses how anatomy in combinations with neurocomputational models can help understand the brain.
Occupational therapy for people with dual diagnosis: a single case study

INTRODUCTION: Dual diagnosis is the coexistence of a substance abuse disorder and a separate mental illness. AIM / METHOD: This report used a case study design to describe the implementation of occupational therapy based on the model of human occupation for one client who had dual diagnosis. Before and after intervention, the client was assessed by the researchers using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Brief Alcohol and Drug Scale and individualized intervention goals. DISCUSSION / CONCLUSION: The authors suggested factors contributing to the positive outcomes were using a defined intervention model, dealing with substance misuse directly and taking into account the client's neurocognitive functioning. The methods of reflexivity and triangulation were used to establish the credibility of the findings.
Epidemiology of Anorexia Nervosa in Men: A Nationwide Study of Finnish Twins

Background To examine the epidemiology of anorexia nervosa in men, we screened Finnish male twins born in 1975–79. Methods and Findings Men (N = 2122) from FinnTwin16 birth cohorts were screened for lifetime eating disorders by a questionnaire. The screen positives (N = 18), their male co-twins (N = 10) and those with lifetime minimum BMI≤17.5 (N = 21) were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV anorexia nervosa. The incidence rate of anorexia nervosa for the presumed peak age of risk (10–24y) was 15.7 per 100 000 person-years; its lifetime prevalence was 0.24%. All probands had recovered from eating disorders, but suffered from substantial psychiatric comorbidity, which also manifested in their co-twins. Additionally, male co-twins displayed significant dissatisfaction with body musculature, a male-specific feature of body dysmorphic disorder. Conclusions Anorexia nervosa in males in the community is more common, transient and accompanied by more substantial comorbidity than previously thought.
A comparative evaluation of off-the-shelf distributed semantic representations for modelling behavioural data

ABSTRACT In this paper we carry out an extensive comparison of many off-the-shelf distributed semantic vectors representations of words, for the purpose of making predictions about behavioural results or human annotations of data. In doing this comparison we also provide a guide for how vector similarity computations can be used to make such predictions, and introduce many resources available both in terms of datasets and of vector representations. Finally, we discuss the shortcomings of this approach and future research directions that might address them.
Children's perceptions of learning with an interactive whiteboard

The appearance of interactive whiteboards (IWBs) in schools in Britain and other parts of the world has been accompanied by research that attempts to analyse their effects on teaching and learning processes. The majority of studies to date have been carried out in schools in England in mainstream numeracy and literacy classes. The present paper attempts to contribute to this growing body of research by focusing on IWB use in a different learning context: an English language immersion class in a British primary school in Spain. Focus group interviews and annotated drawings were used with a class of NS and NNS children to identify their perceptions of the IWB and how it helps them learn. Issues that emerged from the data included the children's desire to interact more with the IWB, their frustration with frequently occurring technical problems, and the importance, particularly for the NNS, of the multimodal properties of the board.
Prevalence and course of sleep problems in childhood.

STUDY OBJECTIVES The Cologne Children's Sleep Study intended to provide information on prevalence and course of difficulties of initiating and maintaining sleep in childhood. DESIGN Longitudinal study. SETTING Children of the fourth grade of elementary schools in Cologne. PARTICIPANTS 832 children and their parents; the mean age of the children was 9.4, 10.7, and 11.7 years at the 3 assessments. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Children and parents were surveyed using questionnaires 3 times on an annual basis. In self- and parental reports, about 30%-40% of the children of the longitudinal sample had problems falling asleep at the first assessment. One year later, about 30% to 40% of these children did not describe any difficulties initiating sleep, whereas about 60% did report continuing difficulties initiating sleep. Difficulties maintaining sleep are less common in childhood. The analysis of self- and parental reports revealed that in general children described significantly more difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep than their parents report. CONCLUSIONS Difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep may be transient or persistent. In practice, children and adolescents should be included in the diagnostic and therapeutic process.
From training to practice: a survey study of clinical challenges in implementing cognitive behavioural therapy in Norway

Abstract This study examines potential barriers to the implementation of CBT as perceived by therapists participating in the training programmes of the Norwegian Association for Cognitive and Behavioural Therapy (NACBT). Based on a questionnaire to members of the NACBT, a factor analysis identified five underlying dimensions of implementation barriers. A one-way analysis of variance was conducted to examine differences in how barriers were perceived by therapists working in medicine, mental health and social services. A multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the barriers and the therapists’ global satisfaction with CBT. The five factor-based barriers identified were related to Therapeutic skills, Aspects of the workplace, Supervision, Training, and Clients. Problems related to Supervision and Therapeutic skills were reported to be the most important obstacles. Nurses and others working at psychiatric wards reported the largest number, and psychologists and others working with outpatients, reported the lowest number of barriers. The study highlights the importance of implementation quality in the process of linking training and practice of CBT in Norway. Even if aspects of the training programmes were perceived to be among the smallest threats to implementation, training was not sufficient in order for candidates to implement CBT in clinical practice.
Microbiological examination of sebeel water

Water samples from clay storage jugs ("zeers") located in homes and at public watering stands ("sebeels") at streets, mosques, and schools were examined. Coliforms, fecal coliforms, and fecal streptococci were detected in 100, 69, 88, and 91.56% of the samples, respectively. The general microbiology of the water and some factors affecting microbial load were studied. The predominant bacterial genera of sebeel water were found to be Staphylococcus. Aerococcus, Micrococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Listeria, Lactobacillus, and Arthrobacter. A simple modification of zeer construction was suggested to help improve sanitation.
FROM CREATIVITY TO INNOVATION: THE SOCIAL NETWORK DRIVERS OF THE FOUR PHASES OF THE IDEA JOURNEY ABSTRACT In recent years interest has burgeoned in how social networks influence individual

In recent years interest has burgeoned in how social networks influence individual creativity and innovation. This increased attention has generated many inconsistencies from both the theoretical and empirical points of view. In this article we propose that a conceptualization of the idea journey encompassing phases that the literature has so far overlooked can help solve existing tensions. We conceptualize four phases of the journey of an idea from conception to completion: idea generation, idea elaboration, idea championing, and idea implementation. We propose that a creator has distinct primary needs in each phase – cognitive flexibility, support, influence, and shared vision, respectively. Individual creators successfully move through a phase when the relational and structural elements of their networks match the distinct needs of the phase. The relational and structural elements that are beneficial for one phase, however, are detrimental for another. We propose that in order to solve this seeming contradiction and the associated paradoxes, individual creators have to change interpretations and frames throughout the different phases. This in turn allows them to activate different network characteristics at the appropriate moment and successfully complete the idea journey from novel concept to a tangible outcome that changes the field.
The SAURON project - VI. Line strength maps of 48 elliptical and lenticular galaxies

We present absorption line strength maps of 48 representative elliptical and lenticular galaxies obtained as part of a survey of nearby galaxies using our custom-built integral-field spectrograph, SAURON, operating on the William Herschel Telescope. Using high-quality spectra, spatially binned to a constant signal-to-noise, we measure four key age, metallicity and abundance ratio sensitive indices from the Lick/IDS system over a two-dimensional field extending up to approximately one effective radius. A discussion of calibrations and offsets is given, as well as a description of error estimation and nebular emission correction. We modify the classical Fe5270 index to define a new index, Fe5270 S, which maximizes the usable spatial coverage ofSAURON. Maps of H�, Fe5015, Mgb and Fe5270S are presented for each galaxy. We use the maps to compute average line strengths integrated over circular apertures of oneeighth effective radius, and compare the resulting relatio ns of index versus velocity dispersion with previous long-slit work. The metal line strength maps show generally negative gradients with increasing radius roughly consistent with the morphology of the light profiles. Remarkable deviations from this general trend exist, particularl y the Mgb isoindex contours appear to be flatter than the isophotes of the surface brightness for ab out 40% of our galaxies without significant dust features. Generally these galaxies exhibi t significant rotation. We infer from this that the fast-rotating component features a higher met allicity and/or an increased Mg/Fe
Childbirth practices in Jordanian public hospitals: consistency with evidence-based maternity care?

BACKGROUND In 1996, the World Health Organization stated that 'childbirth is a natural process and in normal birth, there should be a valid reason to interfere with this natural process' and encouraged practices that are evidence-based. The practices encouraged included avoiding unnecessary augmentation of labour, facilitating upright position for birth and restricting the use of routine episiotomy. Many countries have been slow to fully implement evidence-based practice in maternity care. The aim of this study was to examine maternity hospital practices in Jordan and assess their consistency with evidence-based maternity care. METHODS An explorative research design with non-participant observation was used. Data were collected from low-risk women during labour and birth using a questionnaire for maternal characteristics and an observational checklist. A proportional stratified sample was selected to recruit from three major public hospitals in Jordan. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS A total of 460 women were observed during labour and birth. The majority were multiparous (80%). A range of interventions were observed in women having a normal labour including augmentation (95%), continuous external fetal monitoring (77%), lithotomy position for birth (100%), and more than one third (37%) had an episiotomy with varying degrees of laceration (58%). CONCLUSIONS Childbirth practices were largely not in accordance with the World Health Organization evidence-based practices for normal birth. High levels of interventions were observed, many of which may not have been necessary in this low-risk population. Further work needs to occur to explore the reasons why evidence-based practice is not implemented in these hospitals.
The Relationship of Learning Styles with General Self-Efficacy of High School Boys Students'

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between learning styles and general self-efficacy of high school boys students' in Tehran. The research method was correlation. The participants were 360 high school boys students' in Tehran and they were selected by multistage cluster random sampling. The instruments used for collecting data were Kolbs learning styles inventory and the Sherers general selfefficacy scale. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. The study results indicated that there is a significant and positive relationship between the converger learning style and assimilator learning style with the general self-efficacy of high school boys students' and there is a negative and significant relationship between the general self-efficacy and diverger learning style of the high school boys students'. Also Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the diverger learning style and converger learning style were significant predictors of high school boys students' general self-efficacy.
Acceleration of a 3D Euler solver using commodity graphics hardware

The porting of twoand three-dimensional Euler solvers from a conventional CPU implementation to the novel target platform of the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) is described. The motivation for such an effort is the impressive performance that GPUs offer: typically 10 times more floating point operations per second than a modern CPU, with over 100 processing cores and all at a very modest financial cost. Both codes were found to generate the same results on the GPU as the FORTRAN versions did on the CPU. The 2D solver ran up to 29 times quicker on the GPU than on the CPU; the 3D solver 16 times faster. Nomenclature cv Specific heat capacity at constant volume e Specific total energy = cvT + 1 2 V 2 h0 Specific stagnation enthalpy p Pressure t Time u,v Cartesian components of velocity V Velocity (magnitude) T Temperature Yp Stagnation pressure loss coefficient = p01−p0 p01−p2 tb302@cam.ac. uk gp10006@cam.ac. uk
A longitudinal study of mentor and protégé outcomes in formal mentoring relationships

Summary This study examined relationships between mentoring functions offered and transformational leadership as a mentor outcome and affective well-being and organizational commitment as mutual outcomes for both mentors and proteges. For this examination, we conducted a longitudinal field study by using 111 matched reports from both mentors and proteges collected at three different points in time over seven months in nine Korean companies that administered a standardized formal mentoring program. Study results showed that mentoring functions assessed at Time 2 were positively associated with mentors' and proteges' post-mentoring outcomes at Time 3 after controlling for pre-mentoring initial levels of those outcomes at Time 1. Study findings also revealed that relative effects of mentoring on the mentor and protege outcomes differed by the types of mentoring functions. We discuss the theoretical, practical, and methodological implications from these results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The School of Public Safety at Valencia College: visioning and implementation of a college-wide distributive and collaborative program model for the central Florida community

Abstract The central Florida region, faced with record tourism, a large service population, and significant population growth over the next few decades, must rely on a community-based institution of higher education with lifelong learning offerings, a local community college, to create world class public safety education and training for the region. Furthermore, the literature indicated public safety organizations served by community colleges operate in an open-rational system, while colleges operate in a natural system—and there is no current literature to explain this phenomenon. To establish a new School of Public Safety within these contrasting systems, Valencia College and the central Florida public safety community utilized a collaborative, creative problem solving model with a divergent and convergent thinking strategy to develop the school. It is a school with an on-going intentional public safety service integration training and education philosophy with distributed, isomorphic college-wide public safety programming. The open-rational and natural systems theory explains the strategy and how this theory enhances the School of Public Safety at Valencia College and in central Florida at the social psychological, structural, and ecological levels. The theoretical framework, the comprehensive visioning approach, results of the strategy, values to the student, and public safety organizations and community discussed in this commentary contribute to the body of knowledge on public safety education and training models at community colleges.
Justice and revenge in online counter-publics: Emerging responses to sexual violence in the age of social media

This paper is concerned with the impact of online technologies on public representations of sexual violence. Drawing on Habermas’s theories of the public sphere and Fraser’s associated critiques, it argues that the Internet has become host to ‘counter-publics’ in which allegations of sexual violence are being received, discussed and acted upon in ways contrary to established social and legal norms. The potentialities of online technology (and social media in particular) to foster and disseminate counter-hegemonic discourses are examined through three case studies in which girls and women have used various online platforms to make extrajudicial allegations of sexual violence and abuse. Where alleged perpetrators of sexual violence are publicly named, it has been argued that such action represents an invasion of their privacy and a subversion of their right to the presumption of innocence and a fair trial. In online contexts such allegations can be received and understood very differently, and these understandings are then circulated in ways that can directly influence ‘old media’ coverage and court outcomes. However, as the paper notes, the principles upon which online counter-publics operate are not radically discontinuous with those of the hegemonic public sphere and not all girls and women have equal access to the support of online networks and activists.
Effects of Different Light Curing Units/Modes on the Microleakage of Flowable Composite Resins

Objectives The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of different light curing units and modes on microleakage of flowable composite resins. Methods Eighty Class V cavities were prepared in buccal and lingual surfaces of 40 extracted human premolars with cervical wall located in dentin and the occlusal wall in enamel. These teeth were randomly assigned into two groups (n=20) and restored with different flowable composites; Group I: Esthet-X Flow, Group II: Grandio Flow. Each group was randomly divided into four subgroups; while the samples of the first subgroup were polymerized with conventional Halogen light, the rest of them were polymerized with different curing modes of Light Emitting Diode (LED). The second subgroup was polymerized with fast-curing; the third subgroup with pulse-curing and those of the fourth subgroup with step-curing modes of LED. After the samples were thermocycled and immersed in dye, they were longitudinally sectioned. Dye penetration was assessed under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results None of the restorations showed leakage on enamel margins. On dentin margins no significant differences were observed between flowable composite resins polymerized with halogen light (P>.05). While step curing mode of LED presented significant differences between the resins, the difference was insignificant when fast-curing and pulse-curing mode of LED were used. No statistically significant differences were observed between curing units for Esthet-X Flow samples. For Grandio Flow samples, only step-curing mode of LED caused statistically higher leakage scores than halogen and other curing modes of LED (P<.05). Conclusions The effect of curing units’ type and curing mode on flowable composite resin leakage might be material-dependent.
Applying neutralization theory to fair trade buying behaviour

More and more consumers are willing to pay a premium for fair trade products. However, great potential remains as the market shares of these products are still low. In the present study, neutralization theory was applied to investigate the reasons for consumers hesitating to buy more fair trade products. A postal paper-and-pencil survey was sent out using random addresses from the telephone book in the German-speaking part of Switzerland, resulting in a final sample size of n = 620. The results show that the techniques of neutralization are used to various degrees. A principal component analysis resulted in two strategies of neutralization: an internal strategy (focusing on the consumers themselves) and an external strategy (focusing on the farmers in developing countries). A regression analysis proved that the internal neutralization strategy was an important predictor for fair trade buying behaviour, even when controlling for attitudes towards fair trade.