Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Index filtering and view materialization in ROLAP environment

Using materialized view to accelerate OLAP queries is one of the most common methods used in ROLAP systems. However, high storage and computation cost make this method very difficult to be implemented in the actual environment. Among various issues associated with this, index selection and view materialization are two of the top challenges. In this paper, we propose to build indexes on subsets of the primary keys rather than the full sets if the index selectivity for these smaller indexes can be maintained above the required level. Based on that we propose an index filtering rule, Dominant Prime (DPrime) Index Set Filter, to filter out candidate indexes that have insufficient index selectivity or have cheaper alternatives. In the second part, we propose a view materialization method, Nested Relation Approach, to group tuples with the same value for index attributes into one super tuple using a nested relation and implement this method using Oracle VARRAY. In performance tests, our method outperforms others significantly.
Incremental Checkpoint Schemes for Weibull Failure Distribution

Incremental checkpoint mechanism was introduced to reduce high checkpoint overhead of regular (full) checkpointing, especially in high-performance computing systems. To gain an extra advantage from the incremental checkpoint technique, we propose an optimal checkpoint frequency function that globally minimizes the expected wasted time of the incremental checkpoint mechanism. Also, the re-computing time coefficient used to approximate the re-computing time is derived. Moreover, to reduce the complexity in the recovery state, full checkpoints are performed from time to time. In this paper we present an approach to evaluate the appropriate constant number of incremental checkpoints between two consecutive full checkpoints. Although the number of incremental checkpoints is constant, the checkpoint interval derived from the proposed model varies depending on the failure rate of the system. The checkpoint time is illustrated in the case of a Weibull distribution and can be easily simplified to the exponential case.
Crystal structures of oligonucleotides including the integrase processing site of the Moloney murine leukemia virus

In the first step of retroviral integration, integrase cleaves the linear viral DNA within its long terminal repeat (LTR) immediately 3′ to the CA dinucleotide step, resulting in a reactive 3′ OH on one strand and a 5′ two base overhang on the complementary strand. In order to investigate the structural properties of the 3′ end processing site within the Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV) LTR d(TCTTTCATT), a host-guest crystallographic method was employed to determine the structures of four self-complementary 16 bp oligonucleotides including LTR sequences (underlined), d(TTTCATTGCAATGAAA), d(CTTTCATTAATGAAAG), d(TCTTTCATATGAAAGA) and d(CACAATGATCATTGTG), the guests, complexed with the N-terminal fragment of MMLV reverse transcriptase, the host. The structures of the LTR-containing oligonucleotides were compared to those of non-LTR oligonucleotides crystallized in the same lattice. Properties unique to the CA dinucleotide step within the LTR sequence, independent of its position from the end of the duplex, include a positive roll angle and negative slide value. This propensity for the CA dinucleotide step within the MMLV LTR sequence to adopt only positive roll angles is likely influenced by the more rigid, invariable 3′ and 5′ flanking TT dinucleotide steps and may be important for specific recognition and/or cleavage by the MMLV integrase.
An epidemiological evaluation of risk factors for tuberculosis in South India: a matched case control study.

SETTING There are limited data on risk factors associated with tuberculosis (TB) in India. OBJECTIVES To evaluate potential socio-demographic risk factors for TB. DESIGN Matched case-control. Cases were all new diagnoses of pulmonary TB attending as out-patients at St John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India, from October 2001 to October 2003. Age- and sex-matched controls, one for each case (n = 189), were recruited among relatives accompanying non-TB in-patients in the hospital. RESULTS Significant risk factors were low education level (OR 0.30; 95%CI 0.11-0.82), not having a separate kitchen (OR 3.26; 95%CI 1.25-8.46) and chronic disease, mainly diabetes (OR 2.44; 95%CI 1.17-5.09). High income, cooking with biomass fuels, history of smoking and alcohol consumption were not significant on multivariate analysis. Patients were respectively 11 and seven times more likely to have a BMI <18.5 (95%CI 5.62-21.98) and mid-arm circumference <24 cm (95%CI 3.87-11.89). CONCLUSIONS In our study, TB was associated with low education level, kitchen type and diabetes, reflecting the complex interaction between non-communicable disease, urbanisation and a changing economic climate in Bangalore. The relationship between TB, the use of biomass cooking fuels and gender differentials related to fuel exposure merit further exploration. The study underscores the poor nutritional status of patients.
Multirobot systems: a classification focused on coordination

Multirobot systems (MRS) are, nowadays, an important research area within robotics and artificial intelligence and a growing number of systems have recently been presented in the literature. Since application domains and tasks that are faced by MRS are of increasing complexity, the ability of the robots to cooperate can be regarded as a fundamental feature. In this paper, we present a survey of the recent work in the area by specifically examining the forms of cooperation and coordination realized in the MRS. In particular, we propose a new taxonomy for classification of the approaches to coordination in MRS and we describe some systems, which we consider representative in our taxonomy. We finally discuss the outcomes of our analysis and try to highlight future trends of the research on MRS.
Perceptions of psychological momentum of elite soccer players

The purpose of this research was to investigate elite soccer players’ perceptions and experiences of psychological momentum (PM) using a mixed methodological approach. Specifically, by comparing responses, the study aimed to provide coaches with a more appropriate method for collecting PM data. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with 10 English Academy, elite male soccer players. In addition, 75 professional male soccer players completed a 49-item measure about their experiences of PM. Interviews and focus groups were manually analysed using a combination of inductive and deductive approaches with Chi-square tests used to assess differences between responses to the PM measure. The majority of questionnaire responses were supported by themes highlighted by players interviewed. Scoring and conceding goals were the most frequently reported match variables associated with positive and negative PM, respectively. In addition, “feeling confident”, “having a positive attitude” and “being cohesive as a team” were important aspects of positive PM. A “perceived lack of ability” and “feeling anxious” were the most frequently reported experiences of negative PM. The similarity of results from both methods support the measure as a useful tool for coaches to collect data pertaining to players’ experiences and perceptions of PM. Overall, findings suggest that PM is a complex (dynamic) process whereby triggers, characteristics, and consequences can hardly be separated. By understanding players’ experiences and perceptions of PM, coaches may incorporate specific training methods to help players maximise positive PM, reduce negative PM as well as develop strategies to optimise PM.
Sinh-arcsinh distributions : a broad family giving rise to powerful tests of normality and symmetry

We introduce the ‘sinh-arcsinh transformation’ and thence, by applying it to random variables from some ‘generating’ distribution with no further parameters beyond location and scale (which we take for most of the paper to be the normal), a new family of ‘sinh-arcsinh distributions’. This four parameter family has both symmetric and skewed members and allows for tailweights that are both heavier and lighter than those of the generating distribution. The ‘central’ place of the normal distribution in this family affords likelihood ratio tests of normality that appear to be superior to the state-of-the-art because of the range of alternatives against which they are very powerful. Likelihood ratio tests of symmetry are also available and very successful. Three-parameter symmetric and asymmetric subfamilies of the full family are of interest too. Heavy-tailed symmetric sinh-arcsinh distributions behave like Johnson SU distributions while light-tailed symmetric sinh-arcsinh distributions behave like Rieck and Nedelman’s sinh-normal distributions, the sinh-arcsinh family allowing a seamless transition between the two, via the normal, controlled by a single parameter. The sinh-arcsinh family is very tractable and many properties are explored. Likelihood inference is pursued, including an attractive reparametrisation. A multivariate version is considered. Options and extensions are discussed.
ANALYZING THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHONOLOGYCALASPCETS IN SPEAKING CLASS TO STUDENTS OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE (EFL) IN JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN UNIVERSITY

The differences in phonological systems between Indonesian and English systems are the central problems that university students often encountered in speaking practice. Students usually transfer the system of their own mother tongue to the target language. This article is intended to explore the problems of EFL students in Jenderal Soedirman University in speaking the target language correctly. The discussion focused on the typical mistakes that the university students made in phonological aspects. Analysis was given to problems in the aspect which occurred during their speaking class. It was hoped that this could become an idea of the EFL teacher to devise the materials for teaching students in tertiary level.
Comparison of multiple linear and nonlinear regression, autoregressive integrated moving average, artificial neural network, and wavelet artificial neural network methods for urban water demand forecasting in Montreal, Canada

Daily water demand forecasts are an important component of cost‐effective and sustainable management and optimization of urban water supply systems. In this study, a method based on coupling discrete wavelet transforms (WA) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) for urban water demand forecasting applications is proposed and tested. Multiple linear regression (MLR), multiple nonlinear regression (MNLR), autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), ANN and WA‐ANN models for urban water demand forecasting at lead times of one day for the summer months (May to August) were developed, and their relative performance was compared using the coefficient of determination, root mean square error, relative root mean square error, and efficiency index. The key variables used to develop and validate the models were daily total precipitation, daily maximum temperature, and daily water demand data from 2001 to 2009 in the city of Montreal, Canada. The WA‐ANN models were found to provide more accurate urban water demand forecasts than the MLR, MNLR, ARIMA, and ANN models. The results of this study indicate that coupled wavelet‐neural network models are a potentially promising new method of urban water demand forecasting that merit further study.
The association between mathematical word problems and reading comprehension

This study aimed to investigate the interplay between mathematical word problem skills and reading comprehension. The participants were 225 children aged 9–10 (Grade 4). The children’s text comprehension and mathematical word problem‐solving performance was tested. Technical reading skills were investigated in order to categorise participants as good or poor readers. The results showed that performance on maths word problems was strongly related to performance in reading comprehension. Fluent technical reading abilities increased the aforementioned skills. However, even after controlling for the level of technical reading involved, performance in maths word problems was still related to reading comprehension, suggesting that both of these skills require overall reasoning abilities. There were no gender differences in maths word problem‐solving performance, but the girls were better in technical reading and in reading comprehension. Parental levels of education positively predicted children’s maths word problem‐solving performance and reading comprehension skills.
Visual and Aural Modes of Perception in Choral Performance Evaluations

Visual and Aural Modes of Perception in Choral Performance Evaluations Jeremiah David Selvey Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Geoffrey Boers Associate Professor and Director of Choral Studies School of Music A live musical performance is influenced by both the visual and aural information associated with that performance. A growing body of literature has demonstrated that the experience of a live musical performance is largely dominated by the visual information accompanying and/or associated with that performance, despite the common assumption that music is mostly or completely a sonic experience. This study extended in several ways prior cross-modal research that examined the effects of visual and aural information on aural performances by wind ensembles (Morrison, Price, Smedley, & Meals, 2014) and visual performances by conductors (Bender & Hancock, 2010). First, the study used collegiate choral performances, rather than wind ensembles. Second, the study broadened the target population. Prior research involved secondary and college students who were in ensembles or music classes, while the current study involved adults from the larger population who had ensemble experience. This broadening of the participant pool also resulted in a much greater range of experience (from 2 to 25+ years) in a conducted music ensemble than
Rural and urban microbiota

A multitude of metagenomic studies has brought to light an enormous richness of human gut microbiota compositions. In this space of possible configurations, clinical specialists are trying to mine the markers of healthy microbiota via case-control and longitudinal studies. We have discovered potentially beneficial communities while examining the microbial diversity in rural Russians in comparison with the urban dwellers. In this addendum, we further examine the data by elaborating on some of the less common types and suggesting the possible co-metabolism of their drivers. In the light of the first validated clinically effective bacterial transplantation, we discuss the concept of a reference healthy microbiota, outline the problems encountered on the way to its restoration in the developed world, and speculate if rural communities can serve as a source for its prototype.
Dissociation in human prefrontal cortex of affective influences on working memory-related activity

Although neural activity associated with emotion is becoming better understood, the influence of affective parameters on brain activity reflecting cognitive functioning in humans remains poorly characterized. We examined affective influences on working memory (WM) and tested the hypotheses that (i) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activity reflecting WM is influenced by the emotion-evoking qualities of task-relevant stimuli, but only when brought “on-line” by task demands, and (ii) DLPFC and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) activities are inversely related as a function of emotional valence. Participants performed two tasks while event-related functional MRI measured brain activity; one task required active maintenance of stimulus representations in WM, and the other task required target detection responses with no demand for WM. Stimuli were standardized emotional (pleasant and unpleasant) and neutral pictures. Emotional stimuli differentially influenced DPFC and OFC activity during WM; DLPFC was influenced by emotional valence, enhanced by pleasant and reduced by unpleasant, compared to neutral stimuli, only when task conditions required WM. OFC was valence-sensitive during both tasks, greater to arousing than neutral stimuli when WM demand was low and in inverse relationship to DLPFC with high WM demand. Further, DLPFC and OFC activities are inversely related with respect to emotional valence during the WM task. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the intrinsic valence of task-relevant stimuli maintained in WM modulates DLPFC activity but only when the DLPFC is required for task demands. Findings suggest a conceptualization of DLPFC and its involvement in WM that takes into account a role for affective parameters.
Differential Effects of Serotonin and Dopamine on Human 5-HT3A Receptor Kinetics: Interpretation within an Allosteric Kinetic Model

Serotonin type 3 (5-HT3) receptors are members of the pentameric Cys-loop superfamily of receptors that modulate synaptic neurotransmission. In response to agonist binding and unbinding, members of this superfamily undergo a series of conformational transitions that define their functional properties. In this study, we report the results of electrophysiological studies using rapid solution exchange designed to characterize and compare the actions of the high-efficacy agonist serotonin and the low-efficacy agonist dopamine on human 5-HT3A receptors expressed in human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells. In the case of serotonin, receptor activation rates varied with agonist concentration, and deactivation occurred as a single-exponential process with a rate that was similar to the maximal rate of desensitization. Receptors recovered slowly from long desensitizing pulses of serotonin with a sigmoidal time course. In the case of dopamine, receptor activation rates were independent of agonist concentration, receptor deactivation occurred as a complex process that was significantly faster than the maximal rate of desensitization, and recovery from desensitization occurred more quickly than with 5-HT and its time course was not sigmoidal. We developed an allosteric kinetic model for 5-HT3A receptor activation, deactivation, desensitization, and resensitization. Interpretation of our results within the context of this model indicated that the distinct modulatory actions of serotonin versus dopamine are largely attributable to the vastly different rates with which these two agonists induce channel opening and dissociate from open and desensitized states.
Automatic test data generation using constraint solving techniques

Automatic test data generation leads to identify input values on which a selected point in a procedure is executed. This paper introduces a new method for this problem based on constraint solving techniques. First, we statically transform a procedure into a constraint system by using well-known "Static Single Assignment" form and control-dependencies. Second, we solve this system to check whether at least one feasible control flow path going through the selected point exists and to generate test data that correspond to one of these paths.The key point of our approach is to take advantage of current advances in constraint techniques when solving the generated constraint system. Global constraints are used in a preliminary step to detect some of the non feasible paths. Partial consistency techniques are employed to reduce the domains of possible values of the test data. A prototype implementation has been developped on a restricted subset of the C language. Advantages of our approach are illustrated on a non-trivial example.
Influenza Infects Lung Microvascular Endothelium Leading to Microvascular Leak: Role of Apoptosis and Claudin-5

Severe influenza infections are complicated by acute lung injury, a syndrome of pulmonary microvascular leak. The pathogenesis of this complication is unclear. We hypothesized that human influenza could directly infect the lung microvascular endothelium, leading to loss of endothelial barrier function. We infected human lung microvascular endothelium with both clinical and laboratory strains of human influenza. Permeability of endothelial monolayers was assessed by spectrofluorimetry and by measurement of the transendothelial electrical resistance. We determined the molecular mechanisms of flu-induced endothelial permeability and developed a mouse model of severe influenza. We found that both clinical and laboratory strains of human influenza can infect and replicate in human pulmonary microvascular endothelium, leading to a marked increase in permeability. This was caused by apoptosis of the lung endothelium, since inhibition of caspases greatly attenuated influenza-induced endothelial leak. Remarkably, replication-deficient virus also caused a significant degree of endothelial permeability, despite displaying no cytotoxic effects to the endothelium. Instead, replication-deficient virus induced degradation of the tight junction protein claudin-5; the adherens junction protein VE-cadherin and the actin cytoskeleton were unaffected. Over-expression of claudin-5 was sufficient to prevent replication-deficient virus-induced permeability. The barrier-protective agent formoterol was able to markedly attenuate flu-induced leak in association with dose-dependent induction of claudin-5. Finally, mice infected with human influenza developed pulmonary edema that was abrogated by parenteral treatment with formoterol. Thus, we describe two distinct mechanisms by which human influenza can induce pulmonary microvascular leak. Our findings have implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of acute lung injury from severe influenza.
The implementation of role-playing to improve grammar accuracy for sentence structure in oral utterances

This qualitative action research arose as a necessity to help students communicate accurately while speaking in English. The project is aimed at observing how a group of 20 male students between 11-14 years old from a private school in Bogota, Colombia use roleplaying in class in order to promote grammatical accuracy for sentence structure in oral utterances, and also to observe any impact in their perception of their self-confidence when using the language in class. This research project was conducted in English classes using role-play; it was used as a means of enhancing participation, teaching communication skills and analyzing the different merits this strategy offers in the language classroom. Nonetheless, it should be stated that this research work aimed mainly to observe the students‘ grammatical accuracy in spoken language. The researchers gathered data through a questionnaire, a teacher journal, semi-structured interviews, and audio recordings. Methodological and investigator triangulation were used to analyze the data collected. The findings of the research suggest that the use of role-play in class increased the students‘ perception of their self-confidence level when speaking in English with their classmates. In addition, such students showed that their grammatical accuracy slightly improved given that the aforementioned strategy helped them improve word order in sentences and questions.
When time is money: Preliminary guidance on the interchangeability of time and money in laboratory-based risk research

The familiar adage that “time is money” may not be entirely accurate according to research involving hypothetical choice: People’s decisions are less sensitive to temporal expenditures and outcomes than monetary ones. We provide a novel examination of whether similar patterns of risky choice are found for time and money when choices are consequential (i.e., monetary outcomes are obtained and temporal outcomes are experienced) – both for one-shot and repeated choices, over gains and losses. On the aggregate, across decision contexts (described and experienced), choices are similar for time and money. However, on the level of the individual, little relationship between risk preferences for time and money are observed. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.