Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning Structured Natural Language Representations for Semantic Parsing

We introduce a neural semantic parser which is interpretable and scalable. Our model converts natural language utterances to intermediate, domain-general natural language representations in the form of predicate-argument structures, which are induced with a transition system and subsequently mapped to target domains. The semantic parser is trained end-to-end using annotated logical forms or their denotations. We achieve the state of the art on SPADES and GRAPHQUESTIONS and obtain competitive results on GEOQUERY and WEBQUESTIONS. The induced predicate-argument structures shed light on the types of representations useful for semantic parsing and how these are different from linguistically motivated ones.
High Prevalence of vanM in Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Isolates from Shanghai, China

ABSTRACT The vanM gene was first found in a vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREm) isolate in Shanghai in 2006. In this study, we found that, in 70 VREm strains isolated in nine Shanghai hospitals from 2006 to 2014, vanM was more prevalent than the vanA gene (64.3% [45/70] versus 35.7% [25/70]). The vanM-type isolates showed similar antimicrobial susceptibility patterns with the vanA types. The vanM-type VREm emerged and disseminated in Shanghai.
Low-frequency AC transmission for offshore wind power

Summary form only given: This paper presents a low-frequency ac (LFAC) transmission system for offshore wind power. The LFAC system is interfaced with the main power grid with a cycloconverter. The wind power plant collection system is dc based, and connects to the LFAC transmission line with a 12-pulse thyristor converter. A method to design the system's components and controls is set forth. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the system's performance.
Development of a CDMA intervehicle communications system for driving safety support

Driving safety support is one of the most attractive applications of an intervehicle communications system. Real-time and reliable packet exchange among vehicles is key to offering timely warnings to drivers in order to avoid fatal accidents. In this article we introduce multicarrier multicode spread Aloha (MM-SA) system, an intervehicle communications system developed to satisfy challenging requirements for supporting driving safety. MM-SA is based on code-division multiple access technology, and has inherent robustness to the increase of node density as well as the hidden terminal problem. We present an overview of MM-SA system including protocol design and prototyping as well as the GUI tool, which are all developed for avoiding intersection collisions. We also present performance comparison between the MM-SA system and a CSMA-based system under a realistic accident scenario. Our evaluation results show that the MM-SA system has superior performance to the CSMA-based system, and achieves the communication performance required for driving safety support.
Hydrogen Peroxide‐induced Cell Death in Arabidopsis: Transcriptional and Mutant Analysis Reveals a Role of an Oxoglutarate‐dependent Dioxygenase Gene in the Cell Death Process

Hydrogen peroxide is a major regulator of plant programmed cell death (PCD) but little is known about the downstream genes from the H2O2‐signaling network that mediate the cell death. To address this question, a novel system for studying H2O2‐induced programmed cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana was used. The catalase inhibitor aminotriazole (AT) reduced the catalase activity and caused endogenous accumulation of hydrogen peroxide that eventually triggered cell death. Microarray analysis with a DNA chip representing 21500 genes and subsequent comparison with other PCD‐related expression studies revealed a set of new H2O2‐responsive genes that were highly regulated in a common fashion during different types of PCD. These included an oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase and various oxidoreductases, the transcription factors Zat11, WRKY75 and NAM, proteasomal components, a heterologous group of genes with diverse functions, and genes encoding proteins with unknown functions. Knockout lines of the oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase exhibited significantly reduced death symptoms and chlorophyll loss upon H2O2‐induced cell death, indicating a role for this gene in the cell death network.IUBMB Life, 57: 181‐188, 2005
Probabilistic Characterization of Random Decision Trees

In this paper we use the methodology introduced by Dhurandhar and Dobra (2009) for analyzing the error of classifiers and the model selection measures, to analyze decision tree algorithms. The methodology consists of obtaining parametric expressions for the moments of the generalization error (GE) for the classification model of interest, followed by plotting these expressions for interpretability. The major challenge in applying the methodology to decision trees, the main theme of this work, is customizing the generic expressions for the moments of GE to this particular classification algorithm. The specific contributions we make in this paper are: (a) we primarily characterize a subclass of decision trees namely, Random decision trees, (b) we discuss how the analysis extends to other decision tree algorithms and (c) in order to extend the analysis to certain model selection measures, we generalize the relationships between the moments of GE and moments of the model selection measures given in (Dhurandhar and Dobra, 2009) to randomized classification algorithms. An empirical comparison of the proposed method with Monte Carlo and distribution free bounds obtained using Breiman’s formula, depicts the advantages of the method in terms of running time and accuracy. It thus showcases the use of the deployed methodology as an exploratory tool to study learning algorithms.
Treatment of cancer-associated hypercalcemia. Double-blind comparison of rapid and slow intravenous infusion regimens of pamidronate disodium and saline alone.

BACKGROUND We assessed the effects of 60-mg single doses of pamidronate disodium compared with saline alone in the treatment of cancer-associated hypercalcemia. METHODS After pretreatment hydration, patients with corrected serum calcium concentrations of 3.0 mmol/L (12 mg/dL) or greater secondary to cancer were randomized to double-blind treatment with a single infusion of pamidronate disodium, 60 mg, over either 4 or 24 hours or continued infusions of 0.9% saline alone (n = 23 per group). Corrected serum calcium levels were measured daily for 7 days of inpatient evaluation. RESULTS Response rates for both of the pamidronate regimens were significantly (P < .05) higher than that for saline alone. A complete response to treatment (corrected serum calcium concentration normalized) was observed for five (22%), 18 (78%), and 14 (61%) patients, respectively, who received saline alone, 4-hour infusion of pamidronate, and 24-hour infusion of pamidronate. There were no significant differences between the two pamidronate regimens. Median durations of complete response were 6, 6, and 11 days, respectively, and median times to relapse (includes complete plus partial responders and nonresponders) were 0, 7, and 7 days, respectively. Pamidronate was well tolerated as assessed by all clinical and laboratory measures, regardless of the time of infusion. CONCLUSIONS A 4-hour infusion of pamidronate disodium, 60 mg, was as safe and effective as a 24-hour infusion, and both were superior to saline alone in lowering corrected serum calcium concentrations in patients with cancer-associated hypercalcemia.
High accuracy classification of EEG signal

Improving classification accuracy is a key issue to advancing brain computer interface (BCI) research from laboratory to real world applications. This work presents a high accuracy EEG signal classification method using single trial EEC signal to detect left and right finger movement. We apply an optimal temporal filter to remove irrelevant signal and subsequently extract key features from spatial patterns of EEG signal to perform classification. Specifically, the proposed method transforms the original EEG signal into a spatial pattern and applies the RBF feature selection method to generate robust feature. Classification is performed by the SVM and our experimental result shows that the classification accuracy of the proposed method reaches 90% as compared to the current reported best accuracy of 84%.
In vivo interferon-gamma therapy augments the in vitro ability of chronic granulomatous disease neutrophils to damage Aspergillus hyphae.

During the recently completed double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) therapy in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a metabolic assay of neutrophil damage to Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae was used to monitor neutrophil function before and during therapy. In this assay, 5 x 10(4) conidia that had germinated into hyphae were exposed to 5 x 10(5), 15 x 10(5), or 50 x 10(5) CGD neutrophils. By analysis of variance, neutrophils from patients on rIFN-gamma were found to produce significantly more damage to hyphae than those from the placebo group (P less than .01). In subgroup analysis, this effect was best seen in the hyphae exposed to 50 x 10(5) CGD neutrophils, where neutrophils from patients receiving rIFN-gamma produced significantly more damage to the hyphae than those from the placebo group (P less than .05). In vivo rIFN-gamma therapy improves the ability of CGD neutrophils to damage Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae in an in vitro assay.
Predictions of local ground geomagnetic field fluctuations during the 7-10 November 2004 events studied with solar wind driven models

The 7-10 November 2004 period contains two events for which the local ground magnetic field was severely disturbed and simultaneously, the solar wind displayed several shocks and negative B z periods. Using empirical models the 10-min RMS and at Brorfelde (BFE, 11.67° E, 55.63° N), Denmark, are predicted. The models are recurrent neural networks with 10-min solar wind plasma and magnetic field data as inputs. The predictions show a good agreement during 7 November, up until around noon on 8 November, after which the predictions become significantly poorer. The correlations between observed and predicted log RMS is 0.77 during 7-8 November but drops to 0.38 during 9-10 November. For RMS the correlations for the two periods are 0.71 and 0.41, respectively. Studying the solar wind data for other L1-spacecraft (WIND and SOHO) it seems that the ACE data have a better agreement to the near-Earth solar wind during the first two days as compared to the last two days. Thus, the accuracy of the predictions depends on the location of the spacecraft and the solar wind flow direction. Another finding, for the events studied here, is that the and models showed a very different dependence on B z . The model is almost independent of the solar wind magnetic field B z , except at times when B z is exceptionally large or when the overall activity is low. On the contrary, the model shows a strong dependence on B z at all times.
Consumption of Honey, Sucrose, and High-Fructose Corn Syrup Produces Similar Metabolic Effects in Glucose-Tolerant and -Intolerant Individuals.

BACKGROUND Public health recommendations call for a reduction in added sugars; however, controversy exists over whether all nutritive sweeteners produce similar metabolic effects. OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare the effects of the chronic consumption of 3 nutritive sweeteners [honey, sucrose, and high-fructose corn syrup containing 55% fructose (HFCS55)] on circulating glucose, insulin, lipids, and inflammatory markers; body weight; and blood pressure in individuals with normal glucose tolerance (GT) and those with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). METHODS In a crossover design, participants consumed daily, in random order, 50 g carbohydrate from assigned sweeteners for 2 wk with a 2- to 4-wk washout period between treatments. Participants included 28 GT and 27 IGT volunteers with a mean age of 38.9 ± 3.6 y and 52.1 ± 2.7 y, respectively, and a body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 26 ± 0.8 and 31.5 ± 1.0, respectively. Body weight, blood pressure (BP), serum inflammatory markers, lipids, fasting glucose and insulin, and oral-glucose-tolerance tests (OGTTs) were completed pre- and post-treatment. The OGTT incremental areas under the curve (iAUCs) for glucose and insulin were determined and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores were calculated. RESULTS Body weight and serum glucose, insulin, inflammatory markers, and total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in the IGT group than in the GT group at baseline. Glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and the OGTT iAUC for glucose or insulin did not differ by treatment, but all responses were significantly higher in the IGT group compared with the GT group. Body weight was unchanged by treatment. Systolic BP was unchanged, whereas diastolic BP was significantly lower in response to sugar intake across all treatments. An increase in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was observed in the IGT group in response to all sugars. No treatment effect was observed for interleukin 6. HDL cholesterol did not differ as a result of status or treatment. Triglyceride (TG) concentrations increased significantly from pre- to post-treatment in response to all sugars tested. CONCLUSIONS Daily intake of 50 g carbohydrate from honey, sucrose, or HFCS55 for 14 d resulted in similar effects on measures of glycemia, lipid metabolism, and inflammation. All 3 increased TG concentrations in both GT and IGT individuals and elevated glycemic and inflammatory responses in the latter. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01371266.
MGA2 Is Involved in the Low-Oxygen Response Element-Dependent Hypoxic Induction of Genes inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

ABSTRACT Eukaryotes have the ability to respond to changes in oxygen tension by alterations in gene expression. For example,OLE1 expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is upregulated under hypoxic conditions. Previous studies have suggested that the pathway regulating OLE1expression by unsaturated fatty acids may involve Mga2p and Spt23p, two structurally and functionally related proteins. To define the possible roles of each of these genes on hypoxia-inducedOLE1 expression, we examined OLE1expression under normoxia, hypoxia, and cobalt treatment conditions in Δmga2 or Δspt23 deletion strains. The results of OLE1promoter-lacZ reporter gene and Northern blot analyses showed that hypoxia- and cobalt-induced OLE1 expression was dramatically decreased in a Δmga2 strain but not in a Δspt23 strain. Further analyses using low-oxygen response element (LORE)-CYC1-lacZ fusion reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) demonstrated that MGA2 significantly affects the LORE-dependent hypoxic induction pathway of gene expression. When MGA2 was supplied by a plasmid, the LORE-dependent hypoxia-inducible reporter expression was recovered, as was the hypoxia-inducible complex in EMSAs in the S. cerevisiae Δmga2 strain. Supershift analysis of EMSAs using crude extracts containing mycMga2p indicated that Mga2p is a component of the LORE-binding complex. Another LORE-dependent, hypoxia-inducible gene, ATF1, was similarly affected in the Δmga2 strain. These results indicate thatMGA2 is required for the LORE-dependent hypoxic gene induction in S. cerevisiae.
A Scalable System for Production of Functional Pancreatic Progenitors from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Development of a human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-based therapy for type 1 diabetes will require the translation of proof-of-principle concepts into a scalable, controlled, and regulated cell manufacturing process. We have previously demonstrated that hESC can be directed to differentiate into pancreatic progenitors that mature into functional glucose-responsive, insulin-secreting cells in vivo. In this study we describe hESC expansion and banking methods and a suspension-based differentiation system, which together underpin an integrated scalable manufacturing process for producing pancreatic progenitors. This system has been optimized for the CyT49 cell line. Accordingly, qualified large-scale single-cell master and working cGMP cell banks of CyT49 have been generated to provide a virtually unlimited starting resource for manufacturing. Upon thaw from these banks, we expanded CyT49 for two weeks in an adherent culture format that achieves 50–100 fold expansion per week. Undifferentiated CyT49 were then aggregated into clusters in dynamic rotational suspension culture, followed by differentiation en masse for two weeks with a four-stage protocol. Numerous scaled differentiation runs generated reproducible and defined population compositions highly enriched for pancreatic cell lineages, as shown by examining mRNA expression at each stage of differentiation and flow cytometry of the final population. Islet-like tissue containing glucose-responsive, insulin-secreting cells was generated upon implantation into mice. By four- to five-months post-engraftment, mature neo-pancreatic tissue was sufficient to protect against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia. In summary, we have developed a tractable manufacturing process for the generation of functional pancreatic progenitors from hESC on a scale amenable to clinical entry.
Effects of balance training on gait parameters in patients with chronic ankle instability: a randomized controlled trial

Objective: To examine the effects of a four-week balance training programme on ankle kinematics during walking and jogging in those with chronic ankle instability. A secondary objective was to evaluate the effect of balance training on the mechanical properties of the lateral ligaments in those with chronic ankle instability. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Laboratory. Subjects/patients: Twenty-nine participants (12 males, 17 females) with self-reported chronic ankle instability were randomly assigned to a balance training group or a control group. Intervention: Four weeks of supervised rehabilitation that emphasized dynamic balance stabilization in single-limb stance. The control group received no intervention. Main outcome measures: Kinematic measures of rearfoot inversion/eversion, shank rotation, and the coupling relationship between these two segments throughout the gait cycle during walking and jogging on a treadmill. Instrumented ankle arthrometer measures were taken to assess anterior drawer and inversion talar tilt laxity and stiffness. Results: No significant alterations in the inversion/eversion or shank rotation kinematics were found during walking and jogging after balance training. There was, however, a significant decrease in the shank/rearfoot coupling variability during walking as measured by deviation phase after balance training (balance training posttest: 13.1°± 6.2°, balance training pretest: 16.2° ± 3.3°, P = 0.03), indicating improved shank/rearfoot coupling stability. The control group did not significantly change. (posttest: 16.30° ± 4.4°, pretest: 18.6° ± 7.1°, P40.05) There were no significant changes in laxity measures for either group. Conclusions: Balance training significantly altered the relationship between shank rotation and rearfoot inversion/eversion in those with chronic ankle instability.
A Pressure Applied Low-Level Laser Probe to Enhance Laser Photon Density in Soft Tissue

Laser has been widely used in various fields of medicine. Recently, noninvasive low-level laser therapeutic medical devices have been introduced in market. However, low-level laser cannot deliver enough photon density to expect positive therapeutic results in deep tissue layer due to the light scattering property in tissue. In order to overcome the limitation, this study was aimed to develop a negative pressure applied low-level laser probe to optimize laser transmission pattern and therefore, to improve photon density in soft tissue. In order to evaluate the possibility of clinical application of the developed laser probe, ex-vivo experiments were performed with porcine skin samples and laser transmissions were quantitatively measured as a function of tissue compression. The laser probe has an air suction hole to apply negative pressure to skin, a transparent plastic body to observe variations of tissue, and a small metallic optical fiber guide to support the optical fiber when negative pressure was applied. By applying negative pressure to the laser probe, the porcine skin under the metallic optical fiber guide is compressed down and, at the same time, low-level laser is emitted into the skin. Finally, the diffusion images of laser in the sample were acquired by a CCD camera and analyzed. Compared to the peak intensity without the compression, the peak intensity of laser increased about times and FWHM decreased about times. In addition, the laser peak intensity was positively and linearly increased as a function of compression. In conclusion, we verified that the developed low-level laser probe can control the photon density in tissue by applying compression, and therefore, its potential for clinical applications.
Success in Competition for Space in Two Invasive Coral Species in the western Atlantic – Tubastraea micranthus and T. coccinea

Invasion success by an alien species is dependent upon rate of reproduction, growth, mortality, physical characteristics of the environment, and successful competition for resources with native species. For sessile, epibenthic marine species, one critical resource is space. We examined competitive success in two invasive Indo-Pacific corals involved in competition for space in the northern Gulf of Mexico—Tubastraea coccinea and T. micranthus—on up to 13 offshore oil/gas platforms south of the Mississippi River. Still-capture photos of thousands of overgrowth interactions between the target corals and other sessile epibenthic fauna were analyzed from ROV videos collected at 8–183 m depth. T. micranthus was observed overgrowing >90% of all sessile epibenthic species which it encountered. Frequencies of competitive success varied significantly between platforms. T. coccinea was competitively superior to all competitors pooled, at the 60% level. There was little variability between T. coccinea populations. T. coccinea encountered the following species most frequently—the encrusting sponges Xestospongia sp. (with the commensal Parazoanthus catenularis), X. carbonaria, Dictyonella funicularis, Mycale carmigropila, Phorbas amaranthus, and Haliclona vansoesti—and was found to be, on average, competitively superior to them. Both T. micranthus and T. coccinea appear to be good competitors for space against these species in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Competitive success in T. micranthus was highest in the NE part of the study area, and lowest in the SW area near the Mississippi River plume. T. coccinea’s competitive success peaked in the SW study area. This suggests that variation in competitive success both within and between populations of these species may be due to differences in local environmental factors.