Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Respiratory Dendritic Cell Subsets Differ in Their Capacity to Support the Induction of Virus-Specific Cytotoxic CD8+ T Cell Responses

Dendritic cells located at the body surfaces, e.g. skin, respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, play an essential role in the induction of adaptive immune responses to pathogens and inert antigens present at these surfaces. In the respiratory tract, multiple subsets of dendritic cells (RDC) have been identified in both the normal and inflamed lungs. While the importance of RDC in antigen transport from the inflamed or infected respiratory tract to the lymph nodes draining this site is well recognized, the contribution of individual RDC subsets to this process and the precise role of migrant RDC within the lymph nodes in antigen presentation to T cells is not clear. In this report, we demonstrate that two distinct subsets of migrant RDC - exhibiting the CD103+ and CD11bhi phenotype, respectively - are the primary DC presenting antigen to naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the draining nodes in response to respiratory influenza virus infection. Furthermore, the migrant CD103+ RDC subset preferentially drives efficient proliferation and differentiation of naive CD8+ T cells responding to infection into effector cells, and only the CD103+ RDC subset can present to naïve CD8+ T cells non-infectious viral vaccine introduced into the respiratory tract. These results identify CD103+ and CD11bhi RDC as critical regulators of the adaptive immune response to respiratory tract infection and potential targets in the design of mucosal vaccines.
Attitudes Toward Marriage, Partner Availability, and Interracial Dating Among Black College Students From Historically Black and Predominantly White Institutions

This study examined attitudes toward marriage, perceptions of partner availability, and attitudes toward interracial dating among Black male and female college students at two historically Black colleges/universities (HBCUs) and one predominately White institution (PWI). Most students had positive attitudes toward marriage, with women significantly more favorable than men. While both men and women reported insufficient romantic partner options, female students at PWIs were significantly more likely to report insufficient partner options than male students and those at HBCUs. Most students (72.6%) were favorable toward interracial dating, but males at HBCUs had more positive attitudes. However, students at HBCUs were more unsupportive of interracial dating than those at PWIs, and females at both types of institutions reported more unfavorable attitudes toward interracial dating than males. Findings reveal gender and contextual differences in attitudes and suggest a need for more nuanced studies of Black college student attitudes.
Effect of internal viral sequences on the utility of retroviral vectors

Expression of the human ADA cDNA encoded by the Moloney murine leukemia virus spliced RNA form is enhanced by intron-contained sequences. The presence of sequences corresponding to the viral gag gene in a Moloney murine leukemia virus-based vector results in the generation of 10- to 40-fold higher titers of virus.
In Vivo Cardiac Cellular Reprogramming Efficacy Is Enhanced by Angiogenic Preconditioning of the Infarcted Myocardium With Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

Background In situ cellular reprogramming offers the possibility of regenerating functional cardiomyocytes directly from scar fibroblasts, obviating the challenges of cell implantation. We hypothesized that pretreating scar with gene transfer of the angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) would enhance the efficacy of this strategy. Methods and Results Gata4, Mef2c, and Tbx5 (GMT) administration via lentiviral transduction was demonstrated to transdifferentiate rat fibroblasts into (induced) cardiomyocytes in vitro by cardiomyocyte marker studies. Fisher 344 rats underwent coronary ligation and intramyocardial administration of an adenovirus encoding all 3 major isoforms of VEGF (AdVEGF‐All6A+) or an AdNull control vector (n=12/group). Lentivirus encoding GMT or a GFP control was administered to each animal 3 weeks later, followed by histologic and echocardiographic analyses. GMT administration reduced the extent of fibrosis by half compared with GFP controls (12±2% vs 24±3%, P<0.01) and reduced the number of myofibroblasts detected in the infarct zone by 4‐fold. GMT‐treated animals also demonstrated greater density of cardiomyocyte‐specific marker beta myosin heavy chain 7+ cells compared with animals receiving GFP with or without VEGF (P<0.01). Ejection fraction was significantly improved after GMT vs GFP administration (12±3% vs −7±3%, P<0.01). Eight (73%) GFP animals but no GMT animals demonstrated decreased ejection fraction during this interval (P<0.01). Also, improvement in ejection fraction was 4‐fold greater in GMT/VEGF vs GMT/null animals (17±2% vs 4±1%, P<0.05). Conclusions VEGF administration to infarcted myocardium enhances the efficacy of GMT‐mediated cellular reprogramming in improving myocardial function and reducing the extent of myocardial fibrosis compared with the use of GMT or VEGF alone.
η1:η2-P-pyrazolylphosphaalkene complexes of Ruthenium(0)

An extended range of novel ruthenium phosphaalkene complexes of the type[Ru{η1-N:η2-P,C-P(pz0)=CH(SiMe2R)}(CO)(PPh3)2] (R = Tol, C6H4CF3-p; pz0 = pzMe2, pzCF3, pzMe,CF3; R = Me, C6H4CF3-p; pz0 = pzPh) have been prepared from the respective ruthenaphosphaalkenyls [Ru{P=CH(SiMe2R)}Cl(CO)(PPh3)2] upon treatment with Lipz0. Where R = C6H4CF3-p and pz0 = pzMe2 the complex is characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, only the second example of such species being structurally characterized. This indicates enhanced pyramidalisation of the alkenic carbon center when compared with precedent data (R = Me, pz0 = pz) implying an enhanced Ru→π*PC contribution, which can be correlated with the greater donor power of pzMe2. This is similarly reflected in spectroscopic data that reveal significant influence of the pyrazolyl substituents upon the phosphaalkene, stronger donors imparting significantly enhanced shielding to phosphorus; in contrast, a much lesser influence if noted for the silyl substituents.
Rational approximation schemes for solutions of abstract Cauchy problems and evolution equations

iv Introduction . 1 Chapter 1: Extensions of the Hille-Phillips Functional Calculus . 6 1.1 Operator Semigroups . 7 1.2 The Banach Algebra of Normalized Functions of Bounded Variation 13 1.3 The Hille-Phillips Functional Calculus for Generators of Bi-Continuous Semigroups . 16 1.4 The Hille-Phillips Functional Calculus for Generators of C-Regularized Semigroups . 21 Chapter 2: Approximation Schemes for Operator Semigroups . 25 2.1 Rational Approximations of the Exponential Function . 25 2.2 Estimating the Total Variation and Determining Functions in NBV 28 2.3 Stability and Time Discretization Schemes for Bi-Continuous Semigroups . 32 2.4 Stability and Time Discretization Schemes for C-Regularized Semigroups . 36 2.5 Time and Space Discretized Schemes for Semigroups . 38 Chapter 3: Applications . 42 3.1 Semigroups Induced by Non-Linear Flows . 42 3.2 Bi-Continuous Semigroups and Their Importance for the Inversion of the Vector-Valued Laplace Transform . 43 3.3 Integrated Semigroups and the Second Order Abstract Cauchy Problem . 55 3.4 Approximating Solutions of Volterra Integral Equations of Scalar Type . 58 References . 61 Appendix: A Mathematica Code for the Numerical Inversion of the Laplace Transform . 68 Vita . 70
Locomotion analysis identifies roles of mechanosensory neurons in 3 governing locomotion dynamics of C . elegans 4 5 6

2 Locomotion analysis identifies roles of mechanosensory neurons in 3 governing locomotion dynamics of C. elegans 4 5 6 Emiliano Cohen, Eviatar Yemini, William Schafer, Dror G. Feitelson, and Millet 7 Treinin 8 9 10 1. Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University – Hadassah Medical 11 School, Jerusalem, Israel. 12 2. Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, 13 Cambridge, UK. 14 3. Department of Computer Science, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel. 15 4. Corresponding author. 16 17 http://jeb.biologists. org/lookup/doi/10.1242/jeb.075416 Access the most recent version at J Exp Biol Advance Online Articles. First posted online on 18 July 2012 as doi:10.1242/jeb.075416
Predicting Traffic Bursts Using Extreme Value Theory

Traffic Bursts appear to be more pronounced recently and have major consequences for network Quality of Service. We investigate the extreme behavior of bursts and quantify the probabilities of these large bursts. Taking Bellcore internal Ethernet traces as an example, we applied Generalized Extreme Value model over block maxima. The analysis reveals that traffic burst maxima follows GEV model with negative shape parameter. Traffic bursts are in the domain of attraction of Weibull distribution. Our result confirms the conclusion of Norros of storage fed with Gaussian self-similar input.
Parvalbumin deficiency in fast‐twitch muscles leads to increased ‘slow‐twitch type’ mitochondria, but does not affect the expression of fiber specific proteins

Parvalbumin (PV), a small cytosolic protein belonging to the family of EF‐hand calcium‐binding proteins, is highly expressed in mammalian fast‐twitch muscle fibers. By acting as a ‘slow‐onset’ Ca2+ buffer, PV does not affect the rapid contraction phase, but significantly contributes to increase the rate of relaxation, as demonstrated in PV–/– mice. Unexpectedly, PV–/– fast‐twitch muscles were considerably more resistant to fatigue than the wild‐type fast‐twitch muscles. This effect was attributed mainly to the increased fractional volume of mitochondria in PV–/– fast‐twitch muscle, extensor digitorum longus, similar to levels observed in the slow‐twitch muscle, soleus. Quantitative analysis of selected mitochondrial proteins, mitochondrial DNA‐encoded cytochrome oxidase c subunit I and nuclear DNA‐encoded cytochrome oxidase c subunit Vb and F1‐ATPase subunit β revealed the PV–/–tibialis anterior mitochondria composition to be almost identical to that in wild‐type soleus, but not in wild‐type fast‐twitch muscles. Northern and western blot analyses of the same proteins in different muscle types and in liver are indicative of a complex regulation, probably also at the post‐transcriptional level. Besides the function in energy metabolism, mitochondria in both fast‐ and slow‐twitch muscles act as temporary Ca2+ stores and are thus involved in the shaping of Ca2+ transients in these cells. Previously observed altered spatio‐temporal aspects of Ca2+ transients in PV–/– muscles are sufficient to up‐regulate mitochondria biogenesis through the probable involvement of both calcineurin‐ and Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent kinase II‐dependent pathways. We propose that ‘slow‐twitch type’ mitochondria in PV–/– fast muscles are aimed to functionally replace the slow‐onset buffer PV based on similar kinetic properties of Ca2+ removal.
Experimental and model-based evaluation of the role of denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms at two large scale WWTPs in northern Poland.

The capabilities of denitrifying Polyphosphate Accumulating Organisms (DPAOs) in two large-scale plants in northern Poland performing enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) were evaluated in this study. A series of batch tests with the process biomass aimed at the measurements of phosphate release (with artificial substrate and real wastewater) and subsequent phosphate uptake under anoxic/aerobic conditions. The process kinetics were predicted using ASM2d implemented in the GPS-X ver. 4.0. 2 simulation package. The results from one experimental series (summer) were used for the model calibration, whereas the results from another series (spring) were used for the model validation. The model parameters were also accurately confirmed by predictions of the accompanying field measurements in the full-scale bioreactors. The experimental and simulation results revealed that a relatively small fraction of PAO could denitrify (eta(NO3,PAO) = 0.32). The denitrification rates associated with the anoxic storage of PP and the anoxic growth of PAO only constituted 16.0-21.0% of the denitrification rates associated with the anoxic activity of "ordinary" heterotrophs.
RELATIONS BETWEEN WORK GROUP CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFECTIVENESS: IMPLICATIONS FOR DESIGNING EFFECTIVE WORK GROUPS

Five common themes were derived from the literature on effective work groups, and then characteristics representing the themes were related to effectivness criteria. Themes included job design, interdependence, composition, context, and process. They contained 19 group characteristics which were assessed by employees and managers. Effectiveness criteria included productivity, employee satisfaction, and manager judgments. Data were collected from 391 employees, 70 managers, and archival records for 80 work groups in a financial organization. Results showed that all three effectiveness criteria were predicted by the characteristics, and nearly all characteristics predicted some of the effectiveness criteria. The job design and process themes were slightly more predictive than the interdependence, composition, and context themes. Implications for designing effective work groups were discussed, and a 54-item measure of the 19 characteristics was presented for future research.
What are values? A folk-conceptual investigation

Politicians communicate the values they hold, and educators try to instill values in their students. Travelers are surprised by the values of a different culture, and people get along far better when they share the same values. Few things seem clearer than the role of values in social life: Values exert a powerful force on social and political decisions, moral judgments, and self-regulation. But what exactly are values? The contemporary social-psychology literature does not provide a clear answer (Rohan, 2000). Definitions of the values concept vary widely and often seem based more on the subjective opinion of the researcher than on solid empirical or conceptual foundation. This is a small sample from the diverse pool of definitions: Kluckhohn (1951) argued that “a value is a conception.of the desirable” (p. 395); Schwartz (1994) defined values as “desirable transsituational goals.that serve as guiding principles” (p. 21); Rokeach (1973) claimed that a value is “an enduring belief that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable” (p. 5); and Feather (1996) suggested that values are “beliefs about desirable or undesirable ways of behaving.or otherwise of general goals. ” (p. 222). So are values just a special case of goals or beliefs? This is unlikely to be true, because children acquire the concepts of goal and belief quite a bit earlier than they acquire the concept of value. Also, we can easily conceive of organisms — perhaps human ancestors — that have goals and beliefs but not thereby have values. Finally, values lack conceptual features that are characteristic of either goals or beliefs: For example, beliefs represent states of the world and can therefore be true or false, whereas values cannot. Perhaps values are attitudes, if quite abstract ones (England, 1967)? But some characteristics of attitudes don’t seem to hold for values, such as the ease of conditioning attitudes (Staats & Staats, 1958), the bipolarity of their affective tone, and their objectdirectedness (you may have a positive or negative attitude toward a given object, but you don’t have a value, positive or negative, toward it). Conversely, some characteristics of values don’t
Vitamin D Supplementation for Childhood Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Importance There is growing evidence that vitamin D plays a role in the pathogenesis of asthma but it is unclear whether supplementation during childhood may improve asthma outcomes. Objectives The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation as a treatment or adjunct treatment for asthma. Data Sources We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and CINAHL through July 2014. Study Selection We included RCTs that evaluated vitamin D supplementation in children versus active control or placebo for asthma. Data Extraction and Synthesis One reviewer extracted data and one reviewer verified data accuracy. We qualitatively summarized the main results of efficacy and safety and meta-analyzed data on comparable outcomes across studies. We used GRADE for strength of evidence. Main Outcome Measures Main planned outcomes measures were ED visits and hospitalizations. As secondary outcomes, we examined measures of asthma control, including frequency of asthma exacerbations, asthma symptom scores, measures of lung function, β2-agonist use and daily steroid use, adverse events and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Results Eight RCTs (one parallel, one crossover design) comprising 573 children aged 3 to 18 years were included. One study (moderate-quality, n = 100) reported significantly less ED visits for children treated with vitamin D. No other studies examined the primary outcome (ED visits and hospitalizations). There was a reduced risk of asthma exacerbations in children receiving vitamin D (low-quality; RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.63, 3 studies, n = 378). There was no significant effect for asthma symptom scores and lung function. The serum 25(OH)D level was higher in the vitamin D group at the end of the intervention (low-quality; MD 19.66 nmol/L, 95% CI 5.96 nmol/L to 33.37 nmol/L, 5 studies, n = 167). Limitations We identified a high degree of clinical diversity (interventions and outcomes) and methodological heterogeneity (sample size and risk of bias) in included trials. Conclusions and Relevance Randomized controlled trials provide some low-quality evidence to support vitamin D supplementation for the reduction of asthma exacerbations. Evidence on the benefits of vitamin D supplementation for other asthma-related outcomes in children is either limited or inconclusive. We recommend that future trials focus on patient-relevant outcomes that are comparable across studies, including standardized definitions of asthma exacerbations.
ETHY. A Theory of Fruit Climacteric Ethylene Emission1

A theory of fruit climacteric ethylene emission was developed and used as the basis of a simulation model called ETHY. According to the theory, the biosynthetic pathway of ethylene is supplied by ATP and is regulated by 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase. The conjugation of ACC with malonate to form MACC was taken into account as a way to decrease the availability of ACC. Because of the seasonal increase of fruit volume, the dilution of biochemical compounds used in ETHY was taken into account. Finally, the ethylene diffusion across the skin was considered. The theory took into account the effect of temperature and O2 and CO2 internal concentrations on ethylene. The model was applied to peach (Prunus persica) fruit over 3 years, several leaf:fruit ratios, and irrigation conditions. An adequate ethylene increase was predicted without considering any increase in respiration during the ripening period, which suggests that the respiratory climacteric may not be required for ripening. Another important result of this study is the high sensitivity of ETHY to the parameters involved in the calculation of ACC oxidase and ACC synthase activities, ATP production, and skin surface and permeability. ETHY was also highly sensitive to changes in fruit growth and temperature.
Alternative proofs of linear response for piecewise expanding unimodal maps

Abstract We give two new proofs that the Sinai–Ruelle–Bowen (SRB) measure t↦μt of a C2 path ft of unimodal piecewise expanding C3 maps is differentiable at 0 if ft is tangent to the topological class of f0. The arguments are more conceptual than the original proof of Baladi and Smania [Linear response formula for piecewise expanding unimodal maps. Nonlinearity21 (2008), 677–711], but require proving Hölder continuity of the infinitesimal conjugacy α (a new result, of independent interest) and using spaces of bounded p-variation. The first new proof gives differentiability of higher order of ∫ ψ dμt if ft is smooth enough and stays in the topological class of f0 and if ψ is smooth enough (a new result). In addition, this proof does not require any information on the decomposition of the SRB measure into regular and singular terms, making it potentially amenable to extensions to higher dimensions. The second new proof allows us to recover the linear response formula (i.e. the formula for the derivative at 0) obtained by Baladi and Smania, by an argument more conceptual than the ‘brute force’ cancellation mechanism used by Baladi and Smania.
Efficiency of the prefrontal cortex during working memory in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

OBJECTIVE Previous research has demonstrated that during task conditions requiring an increase in inhibitory function or working memory, children and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit greater and more varied prefrontal cortical (PFC) activation compared to age-matched control participants. This pattern may reflect cortical inefficiency. We examined this hypothesis using a working memory task in a group of adolescent girls with and without ADHD. METHOD Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate blood oxygenated level-dependent signal during a working memory task for 10 adolescents from each group, ages 11 to 17 years. We analyzed brain-behavior relationships with anatomically defined regions of interest in the PFC and primary motor cortex. RESULTS The relationship between brain activity in the dorsolateral PFC and ventrolateral PFC and memory retrieval speed differed by group membership, whereby comparison girls had a more efficient brain-behavior relationship than girls with ADHD. There were no such group differences in brain-behavior relationships for primary motor cortex. CONCLUSIONS These findings lend support to the idea that cognitive and behavioral deficits experienced by children and adolescents with ADHD may in part be related to relatively low efficiency of PFC function.
Teaching Language Clues to Reading Comprehension.

Reading Comprehension is an illusive entity. It is difficult to define, measure and teach. Researchers attempting to construct a theoretical model of the comprehension process for empirical examination are often confronted with a maze of confusing studies. The untangled maze is perhaps more discouraging. Confusion generally gives way to contradiction. Measurement problems are also prevalent in the area of comprehension. Naturally, any quality which is difficult to isolate and describe is equally difficult to measure. Finally, teachers must face the ominous responsibility of helping students obtain a quality which is vaguely defined and measured. It is the most difficult of these dilemmas with which this discussion deals; teaching students to gain meaning from the printed page. TEACHING LANGUAGE CLUES TO READING COMPREHENSION