Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fossil Systems; a Multi-wavelength Approach towards Understanding Galaxy Formation

Fossil systems are understood to be the end product of galaxy mergers within groups and clusters. Their halo morphology points to their relaxed/virialised nature, thus allowing them to be employed as observational probes for the evolution of cosmic structures, their thermodynamics and dark matter distribution. Cosmological simulations, and their underlying models, are broadly consistent with the early formation epoch for fossils. In a series of studies we have looked into galaxy properties and intergalactic medium (IGM) in fossils, across a wide range of wavelengths, from X-ray through optical to the radio, to have a better understanding of their nature, the attributed halo age, IGM heating and their AGNs and use them as laboratories to constrain galaxy formation models. Adhering to one of less attended properties of fossils, using the the Millennium Simulation, we combine luminosity gap with luminosity segregation (the brightest galaxy offset from the group luminosity centroid) to identify the most dynamically relaxed galaxy groups which allows us to reveal brand new observational connections between galaxies and their environments.
The Economics of Efficient Phosphorus Abatement in a Watershed

This study presents a method to determine efficient environmental targets at a watershed level. Efficient targets are devised by estimating abatement cost and cost of environmental damages and minimizing their sum. The method was applied to a case study of phosphorus pollution in a watershed in Oklahoma. Several cumulative scenarios with alternative abatement options were simulated and efficient targets were determined. As the number of abatement options at disposal to agricultural sources increased, their optimal abatement expanded relative to the abatement at the point source. Efficient targets were found to be dependent on the choice of policy that stimulates abatement.
Dynamic model of a switched reluctance machine for use in a SABER based vehicular system simulation

This paper describes a flexible modelling technique for the dynamic simulation of a switched reluctance machine employed in an automotive turbo-electric application to recuperate electrical energy. Due to the increasing numbers of electrically driven ancillaries and associated electrical load on the vehicle, a model which can be readily employed in a hierarchical system simulation of the vehicle electrical architecture, realised within the SABER environment, is required. The model allows comprehensive modelling of an extensive range of control strategies to be performed and appropriate switching control angles to be identified. Trade-off studies are performed in order to minimise global system losses while ensuring RMS and peak currents, and hence component ratings, are not excessive. The simulation is complemented using accurate iron loss calculations performed on a range of control conditions. A case study of a 70,000 rpm, 2.3 kW switched reluctance machine is presented.
Ocean acidification decreases the light‐use efficiency in an Antarctic diatom under dynamic but not constant light

Summary There is increasing evidence that different light intensities strongly modulate the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on marine phytoplankton. The aim of the present study was to investigate interactive effects of OA and dynamic light, mimicking natural mixing regimes. The Antarctic diatom Chaetoceros debilis was grown under two pCO 2 (390 and 1000 μatm) and light conditions (constant and dynamic), the latter yielding the same integrated irradiance over the day. To characterize interactive effects between treatments, growth, elemental composition, primary production and photophysiology were investigated. Dynamic light reduced growth and strongly altered the effects of OA on primary production, being unaffected by elevated pCO 2 under constant light, yet significantly reduced under dynamic light. Interactive effects between OA and light were also observed for Chl production and particulate organic carbon quotas. Response patterns can be explained by changes in the cellular energetic balance. While the energy transfer efficiency from photochemistry to biomass production (Φe,C) was not affected by OA under constant light, it was drastically reduced under dynamic light. Contrasting responses under different light conditions need to be considered when making predictions regarding a more stratified and acidified future ocean.
Design, implementation, and evaluation of energy-aware multi-path TCP

Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) is a new transport protocol that enables systems to exploit available paths through multiple network interfaces. MPTCP is particularly useful for mobile devices, which usually have multiple wireless interfaces. However, these devices have limited power capacity and thus judicious use of these interfaces is required. In this work, we design, implement, and evaluate an energy-aware variant called eMPTCP, which seeks to reduce power consumption compared to standard MPTCP, with minimal impact on download latency. eMPTCP uses a combination of power-aware subflow management and delayed subflow establishment to accomplish its goals. Power-aware subflow management allows eMPTCP to choose paths dynamically to maximize per-byte energy efficiency, using runtime measurements and a parameterized energy consumption model that accounts for multiple interfaces. Delayed subflow establishment lets eMPTCP avoid heavy power consumptions in cellular interfaces for small transfers. We implement eMPTCP on Android mobile devices and evaluate it across several scenarios, both in the lab and in the wild. We measure both energy consumption and download times, varying network bandwidth, background traffic, user mobility, client and server location, and download size. Our results show that eMPTCP reduces power consumption compared to MPTCP by up to 90% for small file downloads and up to 50% for large file downloads.
Webs of Resistence in a Newly Privatized Polish Firm: Workers React to Organizational Transformation

Exhibits Preface Chapter 1. Introduction The Research Question, The Meaniing of Culture in this study, Webs of Resistence - Meaning Behind the title of this book, The Case, Research Approach and Assumption, Ethonographic Authority, The Organization of the Book Chapter 2. Culture, TQM and Poland Culture, Total Quality Management, Poland Chapter 3. Concentric Circles of Polish Life The Country, The Community, The Company Chapter 4. Research Design and Methods Research Design, Choosing Ethnography as Method, Data Collection Methods, Data Analysis, The Ethnographic tale Chapter 5. Social Organization Spies with Television sets, Influences on Social Organization, Cultural Values and Assumptions Chapter 6. Patterns of Shared Mindsets Insecurity and Instability, Trust, Distrust of the Government, Distrust within the Community, Distrust within the Organization, Responsibility, Individualism and Collectivism, The Struggle between Opposing Cultural Tendencies, Summary-Patterns of Shared Mindsets Chapter 7. Resistence ot Change The Quality Director and the Direction of Quality, Influences on the TQM Philosophy, TQM Values and Assumptions, TQM at the Lockem Factory, Summary Conflicting Values Chapter 8. Conclusion Contributions, Implication: Fatalism Interpretation? Reflections on the Process-Field Study Abroad
Stability, stochastic stationarity, and generalized Lyapunov equations for two-point boundary-value descriptor systems

The authors introduce the concept of internal stability for two-point boundary-value descriptor systems (TPBVDSs). Since TPBVDSs are defined only over a finite interval, the concept of stability is not easy to formulate. The definition which is used consists of requiring that as the length of the interval of definition increases, the effect of boundary conditions on states located close to the center of the interval should go to zero. Stochastic TPBVDSs are studied, and the property of stochastic stationarity is characterized in terms of a generalized Lyapunov equation satisfied by the variance of the boundary vector. A second generalized Lyapunov equation satisfied by the state variance of a stochastically stationary TPBVDS is also introduced, and the existence and uniqueness of positive definite solutions to this equation are then used to characterize the property of internal stability. >
The Estimation of Wage Gains and Welfare Gains in Self-selection

The authors modify the basic self-sele ction model for the effects ofeducation, training, unions, and other activities on wages, by including "heterogeneity of rewards" to the activity-i.e., diffe rences across individuals in the rate of return to the activity. The authors sho w that such heterogeneity creates a new form of selectionbias. They provide tes ts for its presence and draw out its implications for the wage and welfare gains to the activity. An empirical application provides strong support for such hete rogeneityin one particular training program. Copyright 1987 by MIT Press.
A Wide Locking-Range Frequency Divider for LMDS Applications

A fully integrated frequency divider with an operation frequency up to 20 GHz is designed in 0.18-mum CMOS technology. The frequency divider includes two stages to divide the input signal by a factor of 4. A wide locking range from 18.8 to 23.2 GHz was obtained with a low phase noise of -134.8 dBc/Hz (1-MHz offset) at an output frequency of 4.7 GHz. The first stage is designed by an analog methodology with the varactors to extend the locking range, while the second stage is designed by a digital approach with the RF devices for a high operation frequency. With the advantages of both designs, this frequency divider is operated at the frequency range suitable for LMDS applications.
Guest editorial on research and innovation strategies for smart specialisation in Europe

Purpose – This Special Issue of the European Journal of Innovation Management sheds new light on the burning issue of Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation (RIS3), both in terms of their policy formulation and their practical implementation in the field. This new policy approach refers to the process of priority setting in national and regional research and innovation strategies in order to build “place-based” competitive advantages and help regions and countries develop an innovation-driven economic transformation agenda. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This is an important topic both in the current debate about a new industrial policy for Europe and as a policy option for a successful crisis exit strategy led by public investments in the real economy. Moreover, smart specialisation is promoted by the European Commission as an ex ante conditionality for all regions in Europe to receive European Structural and Investment Funds in the field of inn.
The Experimental Generation of Interpersonal Closeness: A Procedure and Some Preliminary Findings

A practical methodology is presented for creating closeness in an experimental context. Whether or not an individual is in a relationship, particular pairings of individuals in the relationship, and circumstances of relationship development become manipulated variables. Over a 45-min period subject pairs carry out self-disclosure and relationship-building tasks that gradually escalate in intensity. Study 1 found greater postinteraction closeness with these tasks versus comparable small-talk tasks. Studies 2 and 3 found no significant closeness effects, inspite of adequate power, for (a) whether pairs were matched for nondisagreement on important attitudes, (b) whether pairs were led to expect mutual liking, or (c) whether getting close was made an explicit goal. These studies also illustrated applications for addressing theoretical issues, yielding provocative tentative findings relating to attachment style and introversion/extraversion.
Variations in the broad-band spectra of BL Lac objects: millimetre observations of an X-ray-selected sample

Observations at millimetre wavelengths are presented for a representative sample of 22 X-ray-selected BL Lac objects (XBLs). This sample comprises 19 high-energy cut-off BL Lac objects (HBLs), 1 low-energy cut-off BL Lac object (LBL) and 2 ‘intermediate’ sources. Data for LBLs, which are mostly radio-selected BL Lac objects (RBLs), are taken from the literature. It is shown that the radio–millimetre spectral indices of HBLs inline image are slightly steeper than those of the LBLs inline image. A correlation exists between α5–230 and 230 GHz luminosity. While this correlation could be an artefact of comparing two populations of BL Lac objects with intrinsically different radio properties, it is also consistent with the predictions of existing unified schemes that relate BL Lac objects to Fanaroff–Riley class I radio galaxies. The HBLs have significantly flatter submillimetre–X-ray spectral indices inline image than the LBLs inline image although the two intermediate sources also have intermediate values of α230–X∼−0.9. It is argued that this difference cannot be explained entirely by the viewing-angle hypothesis and requires a difference in physical-source parameters. The α230–X values for the HBLs are close to the canonical value found for large samples of radio sources and thus suggest that synchrotron radiation is the mechanism that produces the X-ray emission. As suggested by Padovani & Giommi, the inverse-Compton mechanism is likely to dominate in the LBLs requiring the synchrotron spectra of these sources to steepen or cut off at lower frequencies than those of the HBLs.
Equivariant classes of matrix matroid varieties

To each subset I of {1, . , k} associate an integer r(I). Denote by X the collection of those n × k matrices for which the rank of a union of columns corresponding to a subset I is r(I), for all I. We study the equivariant cohomology class represented by the Zariski closure Y = X. This class is an invariant of the underlying matroid structure. Its calculation incorporates challenges similar to the calculation of the ideal of Y , namely, the determination of the geometric theorems for the matroid. This class also gives information on the degenerations and hierarchy of matroids. New developments in the theory of Thom polynomials of contact singularities (namely, a recently found stability property) help us to calculate these classes and present their basic properties. We also show that the coefficients of this class are solutions to problems in enumerative geometry, which are natural generalization of the linear Gromov-Witten invariants of projective spaces.
Negative Regulation of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Outer Membrane Porin OprD Selective for Imipenem and Basic Amino Acids

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa OprD is a specific porin which facilitates the uptake of basic amino acids and imipenem, a carbapenem antibiotic. Resistance to imipenem due to the loss of OprD is an important mechanism for the loss of clinical effectiveness. To investigate the negative regulatory mechanisms influencingoprD expression, a gene upstream of the coregulatedmexEF-oprN efflux operon, designated mexT, was cloned. The predicted 304-amino-acid mature MexT protein showed strong homology to LysR-type regulators. When overexpressed it induced the expression of the mexEF-oprN efflux operon while decreasing the level of expression of OprD. The use of anoprD::xylE transcriptional fusion indicated that it acted by repressing the transcription ofoprD. Salicylate, a weak aromatic acid known to reduce porin expression and induce low levels of multiple antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli, was able to induce imipenem resistance and reduce the expression of OprD but not multiple antibiotic resistance or OprN expression in P. aeruginosa. This was also demonstrated to occur at the level of transcription. Acetyl salicylate and benzoate, but not catechol, were also able to reduce the levels of OprD in the P. aeruginosa outer membranes. These OprD-suppressing compounds increased imipenem resistance even in a mexT-overexpressing andnfxC mutant backgrounds, suggesting that such resistance is independent of the MexT repressor and that oprD is influenced by more than a single mechanism of repression.
Wildfire fuel harvesting and resultant biomass utilization using a cut-to-length/small chipper system

Currently, there is a lack of information concerning mechanical forest fuel reduction. This study examined and measured the feasibility of ground-based mechanical harvesting to reduce forest fuel buildup and produce energywood. Cut-to-length (CTL) harvesting coupled with a small in-woods chipper provided a low impact way to harvest pre-commercial trees and tops along with merchantable logs. While CTL harvesting systems have been used successfully with full-sized chippers, it requires two or three CTL teams to meet volume requirements. A smaller, less expensive chipper allowed operations to stay small and more efficient. Productivity and cost results showed the system to be capable of harvesting non-merchantable trees and utilizing non-merchantable portions of merchantable-sized trees as energywood chips, which in the past have been normally left in the woods unutilized. The gain from the value of energywood chips and merchandized logs makes the system economically attractive, not to mention the fuel reduction gains received by potentially altering future fire behavior.
Image and video segmentation: the normalized cut framework

We propose a segmentation system based on the normalized cut framework proposed by Shi and Malik (see Proc. IEEE Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, San Juan, Puerto Rico, p.731-7, 1997). The goal is to partition the image from a big picture point of view. Perceptually significant groups are detected first while small variations and details are treated later. Different image features-intensity, color, texture, contour continuity, motion and stereo disparity are treated in one uniform framework.
Implementing Free Trade Areas: Rules of Origin and Hidden Protection

This paper focuses on the effects of rules of origin in Free Trade Areas. We first point out that even rules of origin which are not restrictive, namely those which do not raise costs of production, have very pronounced effects on trade and investment flows. We then look at some different ways of specifying rules of origin (ROOs) under perfect competition. We compare price and cost based ROOs and show that even if they are equivalent in the 'long run', they are not equivalent in the short run where capacity constraints can exist. We also show that some kinds of ROOs can be ranked in terms of their implications for producer profits. We also show that welfare is likely to be non monotonic in the restrictiveness of the ROO, so that making a ROO more stringent could raise welfare. Finally, we show that in the presence of imperfect competition, ROOs may raise output and reduce prices as they become more stringent.
Green-inspired hybrid FSO/RF wireless backhauling and basic access signalling for next generation metrozones

With the adoption of the fourth generation (4G) technologies, the green Metrozones concept presents a viable approach to address the non-negligible presence of power-hungry base transceiver stations (BTSs), and the mushrooming of metro access points (M-APs); and their contributions to the world's carbon footprint. This paper proposes a new hybrid-BTS (H-BTS) system architecture for the green Metrozones. The hybrid free-space optical and radio frequency (FSO/RF) system is integrated at the macro-cellular tier, to enable high-capacity, power-efficient wireless backhauling. A resource prioritization mechanism is designed, to maintain good control and optimal on-demand resource allocation. Next, a basic access signalling (BAS) scheme is introduced, to necessitate the discovery, registration and monitoring of active M-APs. The proposed BAS scheme enables the sleep-wake-on-demand (SWoD) mechanism and the cooperative inter-cell support. Furthermore, preliminary feasibility studies are carried out to examine the time-varying characteristics of the BTS daily traffic profile, and the performance of the proposed hybrid FSO/RF systems under different weather conditions.
THE SPECTROSCOPIC ORBITS OF FIVE SOLAR-TYPE, SINGLE-LINED BINARIES

We have determined spectroscopic orbits for five single-lined spectroscopic binaries, HD 100167, HD 135991, HD 140667, HD 158222, HD 217924. Their periods range from 60.6 to 2403 days and the eccentricities from 0.20 to 0.84. Our spectral classes for the stars confirm that they are of solar type, F9–G5, and all are dwarfs. Their [Fe/H] abundances, determined spectroscopically, are close to the solar value and on average are 0.12 greater than abundances from a photometric calibration. Four of the five stars are rotating faster than their predicted pseudosynchronous rotational velocities.
Changing the Boston School Choice Mechanism

In July 2005 the Boston School Committee voted to replace the existing Boston school choice mechanism with a deferred acceptance mechanism that simplifies the strategic choices facing parents. This paper presents the empirical case against the previous Boston mechanism, a priority matching mechanism, and the case in favor of the change to a strategy-proof mechanism. Using detailed records on student choices and assignments, we present evidence both of sophisticated strategic behavior among some parents, and of unsophisticated strategic behavior by others. We find evidence that some parents pay close attention to the capacity constraints of different schools, while others appear not to. In particular, we show that many unassigned students could have been assigned to one of their stated choices with a different strategy under the current mechanism. This interaction between sophisticated and unsophisticated players identifies a new rationale for strategy-proof mechanisms based on fairness, and was a critical argument in Boston's decision to change the mechanism. We then discuss the considerations that led to the adoption of a deferred acceptance mechanism as opposed to the (also strategy-proof) top trading cycles mechanism.
The effects of melatonin application on some haematological parameters and thyroid hormones and testosterone in male goats’ non-breeding season.

In the present study, the effects of melatonin application on some haematological parameters, testosterone and thyroid hormones in male goat in out of breeding season were investigated. In this study 16 Coloured Mohair male goats were used. At the beginning of the study the animals were randomly divided into two equal groups as control and test groups. Melatonin (Regulin, Hoechst) was implanted in the test group. Thirty and 70 days after melatonin implantation, blood samples were obtained from both control and melatonin groups for determination of erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit level, plasma testosterone, T3 and T4 concentrations. T 3 and T 4 levels were lower both 30 and 70 days after melatonin implantation in the test group compared to the values obtained from the control group. However, important decreases (P<0.05) were seen only in T 3 concentration obtained from the melatonin group on day 70 of the experiment. Testosterone values increased in the melatonin-implanted group for 30 and 70 days after implantation, but results were not significant. Accordingly, it is believed that the effects of melatonin implantation on certain haematological parameters, testosterone and thyroid hormone levels in male goats in the non-breeding season, should be taken into consideration.