Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drivers of the Primate Thalamus

The activity of thalamocortical neurons is primarily determined by giant excitatory terminals, called drivers. These afferents may arise from neocortex or from subcortical centers; however, their exact distribution, segregation, or putative absence in given thalamic nuclei are unknown. To unravel the nucleus-specific composition of drivers, we mapped the entire macaque thalamus using vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 to label cortical and subcortical afferents, respectively. Large thalamic territories were innervated exclusively by either giant vGLUT2- or vGLUT1-positive boutons. Codistribution of drivers with different origin was not abundant. In several thalamic regions, no giant terminals of any type could be detected at light microscopic level. Electron microscopic observation of these territories revealed either the complete absence of large multisynaptic excitatory terminals (basal ganglia-recipient nuclei) or the presence of both vGLUT1- and vGLUT2-positive terminals, which were significantly smaller than their giant counterparts (intralaminar nuclei, medial pulvinar). In the basal ganglia-recipient thalamus, giant inhibitory terminals replaced the excitatory driver inputs. The pulvinar and the mediodorsal nucleus displayed subnuclear heterogeneity in their driver assemblies. These results show that distinct thalamic territories can be under pure subcortical or cortical control; however, there is significant variability in the composition of major excitatory inputs in several thalamic regions. Because thalamic information transfer depends on the origin and complexity of the excitatory inputs, this suggests that the computations performed by individual thalamic regions display considerable variability. Finally, the map of driver distribution may help to resolve the morphological basis of human diseases involving different parts of the thalamus.
Data-driven finger motion synthesis for gesturing characters

Capturing the body movements of actors to create animations for movies, games, and VR applications has become standard practice, but finger motions are usually added manually as a tedious post-processing step. In this paper, we present a surprisingly simple method to automate this step for gesturing and conversing characters. In a controlled environment, we carefully captured and post-processed finger and body motions from multiple actors. To augment the body motions of virtual characters with plausible and detailed finger movements, our method selects finger motion segments from the resulting database taking into account the similarity of the arm motions and the smoothness of consecutive finger motions. We investigate which parts of the arm motion best discriminate gestures with leave-one-out cross-validation and use the result as a metric to select appropriate finger motions. Our approach provides good results for a number of examples with different gesture types and is validated in a perceptual experiment.
Serum and Functional Genomics Human Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Using Identification of a Molecular Signature in Alemzadeh

Understanding active proinﬂammatory mechanisms at and before type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) onset is hindered in humans, given that the relevant tissues are inaccessible and pancreatic immune responses are difﬁcult to measure in the periphery by traditional approaches. Therefore, we investigated the use of a sensitive and comprehensive genomics strategy to investigate the presence of proinﬂammatory factors in serum. The sera of recent onset diabetes patients ( n (cid:1) 15, 12 possessing and 3 lacking islet cell autoantibodies), long-standing diabetes patients ( n (cid:1) 12), “at risk” siblings of diabetes patients ( n (cid:1) 9), and healthy controls ( n (cid:1) 12) were used to induce gene expression in unrelated, healthy PBMC. After culture, gene expression was measured with microarrays and normalized expression data were subjected to hierarchical clustering and multidimensional scaling. All recent onset sera induced an expression signature (192 UniGenes; fold change: > 1.5, p < 0.01; false discovery rate: < 0.01) that included IL-1 cytokine family members and chemokines involved in monocyte/macrophage and neutrophil chemotaxis, as well as numerous receptors and signaling molecules. This molecular signature was not induced with the sera of healthy controls or long standing diabetes patients, where longitudinal analysis of “at risk” siblings ( n (cid:1) 3) before and after onset support the hypothesis that the signature emerges years before onset. This study supports prior investigations of serum that reﬂect disease processes associated with progression to T1DM. Identiﬁcation of unique inﬂammatory mediators may improve disease prediction beyond current islet autoantibodies. Furthermore, proinﬂammatory serum markers may be used as inclusion criteria or endpoint measures in clinical trials aimed at preventing T1DM. The Journal of Immunology, 2008, 180:
efficacy Youth collective activism through social media : The role of collective

The relationship between social media use and youth’s political participation has been extensively studied. However, explanations for youth’s online collective political activism have been less explored. Previous studies have used the concept of internal political efficacy to examine the relationship between social media and political participation. However, this concept only explains individual political participation, while many political actions are performed collectively. Based on Social Cognitive theory this study propounds the concepts of online political selfand collective efficacy and explores their relationship to online collective political activism. Findings of a survey of members of three activist groups of a US Mid-Western university (n = 222) suggest that a correspondence exists between efficacy perceptions and the level of agency at which the political activities are performed online. Also, online collective efficacy perceptions influence individuals’ participation in online collective actions, but this relationship is moderated by the perceived interdependence of the actions.
The evolution of the Lyα forest effective optical depth following He ii reionization

Three independent observational studies have now detected a narrow (Δz ≃ 0.5) dip centred at z = 3.2 in the otherwise smooth redshift evolution of the Lyα forest effective optical depth. This feature has previously been interpreted as an indirect signature of rapid photoheating in the intergalactic medium (IGM) during the epoch of He II reionization. We examine this interpretation using a semi-analytic model of inhomogeneous He II reionization and high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations of the Lyα forest. We instead find that a rapid (Δz ≃ 0.2) boost to the IGM temperature (ΔT ≃ 10 4 K) beginning at z = 3.4 produces a well understood and generic evolution in the Lyα effective optical depth, where a sudden reduction in the opacity is followed by a gradual, monotonic recovery driven largely by adiabatic cooling in the low-density IGM. This behaviour is inconsistent with the narrow feature in the observational data. If photoheating during He II reionization is instead extended over several redshift units, as recent theoretical studies suggest, then the Lyα opacity will evolve smoothly with redshift. We conclude that the sharp dip observed in the Lyα forest effective optical depth is instead most likely due to a narrow peak in the hydrogen photoionization rate around z = 3.2, and suggest that it may arise from the modulation of either reprocessed radiation during He II reionization, or the opacity of Lyman limit systems.
THE ROLE OF AGE IN THE ORGANIZATIONAL SCIENCES

Over the past 100 years, scholars have consistently stated that age plays a critical role in social life. Yet, despite this unusual consensus, organizational research typically relegates the topic to peripheral status. This paper addresses why this has occurred and examines how age might contribute more prominently to organizational science. First, a summary of this crossand multi-disciplinary subject's academic history shows the depth of interest in age as a behavioral predictor. This interest is then contrasted with our general ambivalence to age, which is explored using an ethnomethodological analysis of basic age assumptions and beliefs. Next, an organizational theory of age in-progress is used to review and critique work-related age research published between 1985 and 1995. The various contrasts, contradictions, and developments examined in the preceding sections are then used to propose directions for developing a broader, more integrated, and more "interesting" organizational theory of age.
Atelocollagen-mediated in vivo siRNA transfection in ovarian carcinoma is influenced by tumor site, siRNA target and administration route

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies worldwide, and innate or acquired chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cells is the major cause of therapeutic failure. It has been demonstrated that the concomitant inhibition of Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 anti-apoptotic activities is able to trigger apoptosis in chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells. In this context, siRNA-mediated Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 inhibition constitutes an appealing strategy by which to eliminate chemoresistant cancer cells. However, the safest and most efficient way to vectorize siRNAs in vivo is still under debate. In the present study, using in vivo bioluminescence imaging, we evaluated the interest of atelocollagen to vectorize siRNAs by intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intravenous (i.v.) administration in 2 xenografted ovarian cancer models (peritoneal carcinomatosis and subcutaneous tumors in nude mice). Whereas i.p. administration of atelocollagen-vectorized siRNA in the peritoneal carcinomatosis model did not induce any gene downregulation, a 70% transient downregulation of luciferase expression was achieved after i.v. injection of atelocollagen-vectorized siRNA in the subcutaneous (s.c.) model. However, the use of siRNA targeting Bcl-xL or Mcl-1 did not induce target-specific downregulation in vivo in nude mice. Our results therefore show that atelocollagen complex formulation, the administration route, tumor site and the identity of the siRNA target influence the efficiency of atelocollagen-mediated siRNA delivery.
Mental disorders among college students in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys – CORRIGENDUM

In the above article (Auerbach et al.2016) there was an omission in a funding source which should have been listed in the acknowledgements section of the article. ‘Liu’s work was supported in part by a training grant from the National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH017119)’ This has now been included in the original version of the article.
An analysis of mobile credit card usage intentions

Purpose - Many banks consider mobile-based technologies have improved the banking services through introduction of new banking facilities. One of the latest facilities developed in this area is the "mobile credit card. " The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that determine intention to use mobile credit card among Malaysia bank customers, as their new way in conducting payment transactions. Design/methodology/approach - The technology acceptance model (TAM) was used as the base model in order to develop the modified version of TAM to better reflect mobile credit card. In the modified model, perceived credibility and the amount of information on mobile credit card were added, in addition to perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Findings - Results suggest that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived credibility and the amount of information on mobile credit cards are important determinants to predict Malaysia bank customers' intentions to use mobile credit card. Needless to say, the paper is exploratory in nature. Research limitations/implications - This study suffers from two limitations. The discussion of these limitations is provided in the last part of this paper. Practical implications - Useful to Islamic banking institutions planning further mobile credit card services for their customers. Originality/value - Extends the understanding of TAM to newly emerging context of mobile credit.
Predictors of Conversion to Multiple Sclerosis in Patients with Clinical Isolated Syndrome Using the 2010 Revised McDonald Criteria

Background. Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) is the first neurologic episode of multiple sclerosis (MS). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical features are used to predict risk of conversion to MS. Objectives. The aim of this prospective study is to evaluate predictors of conversion of CIS to McDonald MS. Method. 97 patients with CIS have been followed for 2 years. Age of onset, gender, initial clinical presentation, and MRI brain and spine were assessed. The 2010 revised McDonald criteria were applied. Results. Fifty-nine patients (60.8%) with CIS converted to McDonald MS after 10.1 + 4.2 months. Thirty-seven (38.1%) of the convertors satisfied the diagnostic criteria based on the radiological parameters, while 21.7% sustained their second clinical events. A multivariate regression analysis revealed that high number of lesions in MRI (P = 0.001) and earlier age of onset (P = 0.043) predicted the conversion of CIS to McDonald MS. Gender (P = 0.5) and initial clinical presentation (optic pathway (P = 0.4), supratentorial (P = 0.91), brain stem/ cerebellum (P = 0.97), and spinal (P = 0.76)) were not statistically significant. Conclusion. Age of onset and MRI parameters can be used as predictors of CIS conversion to McDonald MS. Application of the 2010 revised McDonald criteria allows an earlier MS diagnosis.
Genome of wild olive and the evolution of oil biosynthesis

Significance We sequenced the genome and transcriptomes of the wild olive (oleaster). More than 50,000 genes were predicted, and evidence was found for two relatively recent whole-genome duplication events, dated at approximately 28 and 59 Mya. Whole-genome sequencing, as well as gene expression studies, provide further insights into the evolution of oil biosynthesis, and will aid future studies aimed at further increasing the production of olive oil, which is a key ingredient of the healthy Mediterranean diet and has been granted a qualified health claim by the US Food and Drug Administration. Here we present the genome sequence and annotation of the wild olive tree (Olea europaea var. sylvestris), called oleaster, which is considered an ancestor of cultivated olive trees. More than 50,000 protein-coding genes were predicted, a majority of which could be anchored to 23 pseudochromosomes obtained through a newly constructed genetic map. The oleaster genome contains signatures of two Oleaceae lineage-specific paleopolyploidy events, dated at ∼28 and ∼59 Mya. These events contributed to the expansion and neofunctionalization of genes and gene families that play important roles in oil biosynthesis. The functional divergence of oil biosynthesis pathway genes, such as FAD2, SACPD, EAR, and ACPTE, following duplication, has been responsible for the differential accumulation of oleic and linoleic acids produced in olive compared with sesame, a closely related oil crop. Duplicated oleaster FAD2 genes are regulated by an siRNA derived from a transposable element-rich region, leading to suppressed levels of FAD2 gene expression. Additionally, neofunctionalization of members of the SACPD gene family has led to increased expression of SACPD2, 3, 5, and 7, consequently resulting in an increased desaturation of steric acid. Taken together, decreased FAD2 expression and increased SACPD expression likely explain the accumulation of exceptionally high levels of oleic acid in olive. The oleaster genome thus provides important insights into the evolution of oil biosynthesis and will be a valuable resource for oil crop genomics.
An ecological path model of use of violence among African American adolescents

ABSTRACT This cross-sectional study used an ecological framework to understand the risk and protective factors associated with use of violence among African American adolescents ages 12–17 years (N = 2,328). Using data from the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, the authors study identified different direct paths in predicting use of violence among African American adolescents. The authors then computed a multigroup analysis to determine whether significant gender differences exist in use of violence. Path analysis results suggest micro, meso, and macro factors significantly predicted violence use. The strongest predictor of use of violence among African American youth was parental conflicts. The multigroup analysis suggests that the pathways to use of violence significantly differ between African American boys and girls. Among African American boys, the strongest predictor of increased use of violence was parental conflicts; among African American girls, it was negative peer influence. Findings suggest that all 3 ecological domains and gender differences should be accounted for when developing prevention or intervention services that target use of violence among young African Americans.
Jaql

This paper describes Jaql, a declarative scripting language for analyzing large semistructured datasets in parallel using Hadoop's MapReduce framework. Jaql is currently used in IBM's InfoSphere BigInsights [5] and Cognos Consumer Insight [9] products. Jaql's design features are: (1) a flexible data model, (2) reusability, (3) varying levels of abstraction, and (4) scalability. Jaql's data model is inspired by JSON and can be used to represent datasets that vary from flat, relational tables to collections of semistructured documents. A Jaql script can start without any schema and evolve over time from a partial to a rigid schema. Reusability is provided through the use of higher-order functions and by packaging related functions into modules. Most Jaql scripts work at a high level of abstraction for concise specification of logical operations (e.g., join), but Jaql's notion of physical transparency also provides a lower level of abstraction if necessary. This allows users to pin down the evaluation plan of a script for greater control or even add new operators. The Jaql compiler automatically rewrites Jaql scripts so they can run in parallel on Hadoop. In addition to describing Jaql's design, we present the results of scale-up experiments on Hadoop running Jaql scripts for intranet data analysis and log processing.
Treatment and clinicopathological characteristics of lupus nephritis with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity: a case–control study

Objective To assess the clinical features, pathological presentations, treatments and outcomes of lupus nephritis (LN) with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) positivity. Design A case–control study. Methods Patients (n=49) were retrospectively included from Jinling Hospital in China if presenting with biopsy-proven ANCA-positive LN between 1985 and 2008. Clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes were analysed and compared with those of a control group (n=1279). We further compared treatment responses and outcomes of ANCA-positive LN patients based on the treatment issued. Results The study included 40 women and 9 men (median age 33 years at biopsy): 38 with myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA, 7 with proteinase 3 (PR3)-ANCA and 4 with double positivity. ANCA-positive LN patients exhibited higher haematuria, serum creatinine levels and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index scores. On pathological evaluation, class IV LN was predominant, accounting for 61.22% of cases. Light microscopy revealed significantly higher activity index and chronicity index scores, including cellular crescents, interstitial inflammation, tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. ANCA-positive LN patients receiving mycophenolate mofetil as induction therapy had a higher remission rate and better renal outcomes than those receiving cyclophosphamide. During follow-up, end-stage renal disease developed in seven (14.29%) ANCA-positive LN patients, all of them were MPO-ANCA positive. Conclusions The characteristics of ANCA-positive LN were massive haematuria and advanced renal insufficiency. We observed a higher remission rate and better prognoses when using mycophenolate mofetil than when using cyclophosphamide as induction therapy.
Replication Research and Special Education

Replicating previously reported empirical research is a necessary aspect of an evidence-based field of special education, but little formal investigation into the prevalence of replication research in the special education research literature has been conducted. Various factors may explain the lack of attention to replication of special education intervention research, including emphasis on quantity of publications, esteem for novel findings, and barriers to publishing high-quality studies with null or negative effects. This article introduces the special issue on replication of special education intervention research by first providing an overview of concepts and issues related to replication. Specific attention is then given to replication as it relates to group design and single case experimental design research, two prominent albeit philosophically different empirical methodologies. We then briefly describe how replications using these research designs can be conducted in complementary ways to better understand intervention effects and advance evidence-based practices in special education.
Strain and its correlates among carers of people with dementia in low-income and middle-income countries. A 10/66 Dementia Research Group population-based survey

In a multi‐site population‐based study in several middle‐income countries, we aimed to investigate relative contributions of care arrangements and characteristics of carers and care recipients to strain among carers of people with dementia. Based on previous research, hypotheses focused on carer sex, care inputs, behavioural and psychological symptoms (BPSD) and socioeconomic status, together with potential buffering effects of informal support and employing paid carers.
Gelecek Zaman Algısı: Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu Öğrencilerine Yönelik Bir Çalışma

Bu calismanin amaci beden egitimi ve spor yuksekokulu ogrencilerinin gelecek zaman algilarinin cinsiyet, yas, ogrenim gordukleri bolum ve spor yapma durumlari gibi sosyo-demografik degiskenler acisindan incelenmesidir. Calismaya 458 beden egitimi ve spor yuksekokulu ogrencisi gonullu olarak katilmistir. Calismada veri toplama araci olarak arastirmacilar tarafindan gelistirilen kisisel bilgi formunun yani sira Husman ve Shell (1996) tarafindan gelistirilen Turk nufusu icin gecerlik, guvenirlik calismasi Avci ve Erden (2009) tarafindan yapilan Gelecek Zaman Algisi Olcegi (GZAO) kullanilmistir. Calismada elde edilen verilerin degerlendirilmesi asamasinda katilimcilarin kisisel bilgilerin dagilimlarinin belirlenmesi icin ise yuzde ve frekans, verilerin normal bir dagilima sahip olup olmadiginin belirlenmesi icin One Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov, anlamli farkliliklarin belirlenmesi icin ise Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal Wallis non parametrik istatistiksel testleri kullanilmistir. Sonuc olarak orneklem grubunun gelecek zaman algilari cinsiyet, spor yapma durumu, bolum degiskenlerine gore anlamli farkliliklar gostermistir, yas degiskenine gore ise anlamli bir farklilik bulunamamistir.