Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Network evolution and the spatiotemporal dynamics of knowledge sourcing

Knowledge accessing from external organizations is important to firms, especially entrepreneurial ones that often cannot generate internally all the knowledge necessary for innovation. There is, however, a lack of evidence concerning the association between the evolution of firms and the evolution of their networks. The aim of this paper is to begin to fill this gap by undertaking an exploratory analysis of the relationship between the vintage of firms and their knowledge sourcing networks. Drawing on an analysis of firms in the UK, the paper finds some evidence of a U-shaped relationship existing between firm age and the frequency of accessing knowledge from certain sources. Emerging entrepreneurial firms are found to be highly active with regard to accessing knowledge from a range of sources and geographic locations, with the rate of networking dropping somewhat during the following period of peak firm growth. For instance, it is found that firms tend to access knowledge from sources such as universities and research institutes in their own region less frequently when they experience peak turnover growth. Overall, the results suggest a complex relationship between the lifecycle of the firm and its networking patterns. It is concluded that network-related theory and policy needs to take greater account of the likelihood that network formation and utilization by firms will vary dependent upon their lifecycle position.
Public research funding and research policy: a long-term analysis for the Swiss case

In this paper, an analysis is proposed of the evolution of public research in Switzerland from World War II to the year 2000. Thanks to the combination of different data sources, we produce a set of indicators for the overall volume of funding, the share of projects funds, and the share of the higher-education sector in the public research sector. Results are then linked to the development of the Swiss research and higher-education policy in the same period, leading to the identification of a major turning point at the end of the 1960s, when today's domination of higher education in the public research sector started. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.
Consistency and diversity? The EU's rotating trio Council Presidency after the Lisbon Treaty

The Lisbon Treaty introduced significant changes to the Presidency of the Council of the European Union (EU). The new Treaty combines a permanent chair with the principle of rotation based on three member states collaborating during an 18-month period, without specifying the responsibilities of trio groups. This left wide scope for the first post-Lisbon trio to establish new working mechanisms. By discussing the joint Presidency of Spain, Belgium and Hungary, this article interprets the trio model and its combination with the permanent chair model as an attempt to re-adjust the balance between consistency and diversity. Rotation remains a key instrument for ensuring the representation of the diversity of member states in an enlarged Union. At the same time, the EU's ever more complex policy agenda and a greater need for collective leadership motivate the search for new forms of co-operation to enhance policy consistency over consecutive Presidency terms.
Supergalactic Winds Driven by Multiple Super-Star Clusters

Here we present two-dimensional hydrodynamic calculations of free expanding supergalactic winds, taking into consideration strong radiative cooling. Our main premise is that supergalactic winds are powered by collections of super-star clusters, each of which is a source of a high-metallicity supersonic diverging outflow. The interaction of winds from neighboring super-star clusters is shown here to lead to a collection of stationary oblique shocks and crossing shocks, able to structure the general outflow into a network of dense and cold, kiloparsec long filaments that originate near the base of the outflow. The shocks also lead to extended regions of diffuse soft X-ray emission and, furthermore, to channel the outflow with a high degree of collimation into the intergalactic medium.
Inter-Regional Competition in Co-operative Federalism: New Modes of Multi-level Governance in Germany

Abstract In its territorial dimension, the reconfiguration of the state is mainly revealed in the development of multi-level governance. Generally speaking, we observe a shift from hierarchical and co-operative modes towards competitive modes. As a consequence, regions are increasingly challenged by competition. Beyond the driving forces of the market, which are often overestimated, central governments use policy competition to influence and control regional policy making. Based on an analytical distinction between these types of competition, the article explains how this new mode of multi-level governance works. Empirical evidence is provided for Germany where inter-regional policy competition organized by the federal government is implemented in a co-operative federalism. This case allows us to explain practical problems and constraints of competitive governance.
Clinical Importance of the Rare Erythrocyte Antibody Anti‐Jra

Alloantibodies to high‐frequency antigens create serious problems for a transfusion service. It is obviously important to know the clinical significance of such antibodies. In the present study, an attempt was made to determine this with respect to the antibody anti‐Jra in a patient of the rare blood type Jr(a–). A small volume of 51Cr‐labeled Jr(a+) erythrocytes was infused intravenously and cell survival was monitored. The T½ of these cells was approximately 80 minutes indicating the in vivo potency of the antibody.
Direct and indirect effects of murine interleukin-2, gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor on testosterone synthesis in mouse Leydig cells.

It was recently observed that treatment of patients with a high dosage of human interleukin (IL-2) resulted in suppression of plasma concentrations of testosterone. A murine model was developed to assess the direct and indirect effects of murine IL-2 and the secondarily released cytokines, gamma interferon (INF gamma), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha), on testosterone production in isolated Leydig cells. Pretreatment for 24 hours with IL-2 (100 to 500 IU/ml) or INF gamma (100 to 1000 IU/ml) significantly decreased testosterone production in response to luteinizing hormone (LH; P < 0.02 and 0.005, respectively). The combinations of INF gamma with either TNF alpha or IL-2 produced enhanced suppressive effects on Leydig cell testosterone production. Steroidogenic precursors (22-hydroxycholesterol, 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone, and dehydroepiandrosterone) restored testosterone secretion to control levels after preincubation with INF gamma or TNF alpha. In contrast, the inhibition of testosterone synthesis produced by either IL-2 or INF gamma plus TNF alpha could be reversed by 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone, but not by 22-hydroxycholesterol (P < 0.01). Dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate was also ineffective in reversing the inhibitory effects of these cytokines on synthesis. Although IL-2 directly inhibited synthesis in isolated Leydig cells, it stimulated testosterone production (P < 0.005) in minced murine testes. This suggests that IL-2 releases regulatory factors from other cells that were able to overcome the direct inhibitory effect of IL-2. This stimulatory effect was not caused by INF gamma and TNF alpha because INF gamma alone or with TNF alpha inhibited (P < 0.005) testosterone production in minced testes. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Differential Activation of eIF2 Kinases in Response to Cellular Stresses in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF2) is an important mechanism mitigating cellular injury in response to diverse environmental stresses. While all eukaryotic organisms characterized to date contain an eIF2 kinase stress response pathway, the composition of eIF2 kinases differs, with mammals containing four distinct family members and the well-studied lower eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing only a single eIF2 kinase. We are interested in the mechanisms by which multiple eIF2 kinases interface with complex stress signals and elicit response pathways. In this report we find that in addition to two previously described eIF2 kinases related to mammalian HRI, designated Hri1p and Hri2p, the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe expresses a third eIF2 kinase, a Gcn2p ortholog. To delineate the roles of each eIF2 kinase, we constructed S. pombe strains expressing only a single eIF2 kinase gene or deleted for the entire eIF2 kinase family. We find that Hri2p is the primary activated eIF2 kinase in response to exposure to heat shock, arsenite, or cadmium. Gcn2p serves as the primary eIF2 kinase induced during a nutrient downshift, treatment with the amino acid biosynthetic inhibitor 3-aminotriazole, or upon exposure to high concentrations of sodium chloride. In one stress example, exposure to H2O2, there is early tandem activation of both Hri2p and Gcn2p. Interestingly, with extended stress conditions there is activation of alternative secondary eIF2 kinases, suggesting that eukaryotes have mechanisms of coordinate activation of eIF2 kinase in their stress remediation responses. Deletion of these eIF2 kinases renders S. pombe more sensitive to many of these stress conditions.
Consistent Allocation Rules

The objective of this work is to present a principle taht has recently played a fundamental role in axiomatic analysis, and a converse of this principle, which has also played an important role. They are now most commonly known under the names of consistence and converse consistency. We survey the applications of the principles to a variety of problems in game theory, economics and political science.
Declining Labor Share: Is China's Case Different?

This paper explores why labor share in China has declined since the middle of the 1990s. Existing literature usually ascribes the labor share decline in developed countries to biased technological progress. However, our investigation shows that China's case is different. Using a simultaneous equation model estimated with three-stage least squares, we find that FDI, levels of economic development and privatization have negative effects on the labor share. The negative influence of FDI on labor share results from regional competition for FDI, which weakens labor forces' bargaining power. A U-shaped relationship exists between labor share and the level of economic development, and China is now on the declining part of the curve. The negative effects of privatization on the labor share stem from the elimination of the so-called “wage costs eroding profit” situation and the positive supply shock on the labor market.
Comparison of the frequency of defective sperm-zona pellucida (ZP) binding and the ZP-induced acrosome reaction between subfertile men with normal and abnormal semen.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of defective sperm-zona pellucida (ZP) binding (DSZPB) and defective ZP-induced acrosome reaction (DZPIAR) in subfertile men (i.e. male partners of infertile couples) with normal and abnormal semen analyses. METHODS A total of 1030 subfertile men with normal semen analysis (n=255), oligozoospermia (count<20x10(6)/ml, n=136), severe teratozoospermia (strict normal morphology<or=5%, n=294) and mild-moderate teratozoospermia (morphology 6-14%, n=345) were studied. Unfertilized oocytes from clinical in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection were used for sperm-ZP interaction tests. After 2 h incubation of motile sperm with four oocytes, sperm tightly bound to the ZP, and the AR of ZP-bound sperm (ZPIAR) were assessed. An average of <40 sperm bound/ZP and <16% ZPIAR were used for diagnosis of DSZPB or DZPIAR. RESULTS For the groups of men with normal semen or mild-moderate teratozoospermia, severe teratozoospermia and oligozoospermia, the frequencies of DSZPB were: 13, 21, 29 and 28%, respectively, and in those normal SZPB, DZPIAR were 27, 36, 56 and 68%, respectively. Overall DSZPB and ZPIAR were 36, 49, 68 and 77% for the four groups, respectively. The highest frequencies of defective sperm-ZP interaction were in the oligozoospermia and severe teratozoospermia groups. In the normal and teratozoospermia groups, subjects with a relatively low sperm concentration (20-60x10(6)/ml) had a significantly higher frequency of DZPIAR. CONCLUSION Defective sperm-ZP interaction is a major mechanism of male infertility. DZPIAR is more frequent than DSZPB in subfertile men with either normal or abnormal semen, suggesting that sequential sperm-ZP interaction tests are essential to detect these sperm defects.
Hot carrier reliability improvement by utilizing phosphorus transient enhanced diffusion for input/output devices of deep submicron CMOS technology

This letter presents a deep submicron CMOS process that takes advantage of phosphorus transient enhanced diffusion (TED) to improve the hot carrier reliability of 3.3 V input/output transistors. Arsenic/phosphorus LDD nMOSFETs with and without TED are fabricated. The TED effects on a LDD junction profile, device substrate current and transconductance degradation are evaluated. Substantial substrate current reduction and hot carrier lifetime improvement for the input/output devices are attained due to a more graded n/sup -/ LDD doping profile by taking advantage of phosphorus TED.
Can Women’s Structures Help New Zealand and UK Trade Unions’ Revival?

In recent decades, UK and New Zealand unions have tried valiantly to counter dwindling membership and political clout. However, their revival strategies have stemmed, rather than convincingly reversed, such measures of union decline. This study draws on national survey, interviews, union documentation and website material from New Zealand and the UK to compare the extent and nature of a relationship between the activities of collective structures for women within unions and unions’ revival efforts. It emerges that, mediated by context, women’s structures positively contribute to union revival strategies in both countries. Further, this occurs not just in terms of quantitative and external outcomes, but also in the qualitative processes of engaging members. The findings inform a discussion of future directions for revival strategies and of the adequacy of union vitality gauges themselves.
The Influence of Corporate Governance on the Relation between Capital Structure and Value

The present paper focuses on a well-known topic in the financial literature: the relation between capital structure and firm value. The controversial empirical results on this topic can be attributable to a lack of attention to the interaction between capital structure and other corporate governance variables. In fact, capital structure represents a corporate governance device as others. The debate needs to take directly into account the role of moderation and/or mediation of the corporate governance on the relation between capital structure and firm's value. To appreciate the relation between capital structure and firm value it is necessary to consider the presence of complementarity with other corporate governance variables as ownership concentration, managerial ownership, the role of the Board of Directors, and so on. The paper, after a synthetic review of the theoretical literature, provides a theoretical model, and some suggestions, that should be applied for future empirical research on this topic.
Why Investors Value Multinationality

The authors examine the value of multinationality to investors as reflected in firms' q ratios. The positive impact of research and development and advertising spending on a firm's q is enhanced by multinationality, but multinationality itself has no significant impact. This supports the internalization theory's prediction that intangible assets are necessary to justify direct foreign investment and, thus, a recent strand of trade literature that assumes multinational firms have intangible assets with public good properties. The authors' results do not support the hypothesis that investors value multinational firms as a means of diversifying their portfolios internationally. Copyright 1991 by University of Chicago Press.
The Influence of an Action Learning Process on Transformative Learning and Leadership Behavior in a Government Agency

of the Dissertation vii List of Figures xx List of Tables xxi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 Problem Statement 8 Purpose of This Study 11 Research Questions 12 Potential Significance of the Study 13 Conceptual Framework 14 Assumptions 20 Delimitations and Limitations 20 Overview of Methodology 22 Definitions 23 Organization of This Dissertation 26 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 27 Learning 28 Learning Conceptualized 28
The Cytoskeletal Network Controls c-Jun Expression and Glucocorticoid Receptor Transcriptional Activity in an Antagonistic and Cell-Type-Specific Manner

ABSTRACT The physical and functional link between adhesion molecules and the cytoskeletal network suggests that the cytoskeleton might mediate the transduction of cell-to-cell contact signals, which often regulate growth and differentiation in an antagonistic manner. Depolymerization of the cytoskeleton in confluent cell cultures is reportedly sufficient to initiate DNA synthesis. Here we show that depolymerization of the cytoskeleton is also sufficient to repress differentiation-specific gene expression. Glutamine synthetase is a glia-specific differentiation marker gene whose expression in the retinal tissue is regulated by glucocorticoids and is ultimately dependent on glia-neuron cell contacts. Depolymerization of the actin or microtubule network in cells of the intact retina mimics the effects of cell separation, repressing glutamine synthetase induction by a mechanism that involves induction of c-Jun and inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor transcriptional activity. Depolymerization of the cytoskeleton activates JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and induces c-Jun expression by a signaling pathway that depends on tyrosine kinase activity. Induction of c-Jun expression is restricted to Müller glial cells, the only cells in the tissue that express glutamine synthetase and maintain the ability to proliferate upon cell separation. Our results suggest that the cytoskeletal network might play a part in the transduction of cell contact signals to the nucleus.
Knowledge and utilization of health information and communication technologies (HICTs) by health workers of the North-Eastern health zone of Ogun State, Nigeria

The study examines the use of health information and communication technologies (HICTs) by health workers in seven state hospitals and a private hospital in the North-Eastern Zone, Ogun State, Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive and cross-sectional survey design method using a 12-point questionnaire as the instrument for extracting information on the use of HICTs. The questionnaires were personally administered by the researchers; responses were collated, analyzed and presented using descriptive statistics, which includes frequency counts, percentages, tables as well as bars. The outcome shows that a large percentage of the respondents are aware of HICTs. However, only a few have adequate knowledge of and use HICTs for healthcare delivery in spite of its importance to healthcare services. A few have access to computers and HICTs resources relevant for effective healthcare delivery in their hospitals, and only one of the hospitals examined is connected to the internet and none has a website. The paper concludes with recommendations on the need for the management boards of the hospitals examined and the health workers to avail themselves of the opportunities that abound in the use of HICTs.
Mycoplasma genitalium Detected by Transcription-Mediated Amplification Is Associated With Chlamydia trachomatis in Adolescent Women

Objectives: The clinical significance of Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) infection in adolescent women is poorly understood. We compared the prevalence of MG with that of other sexually transmitted organisms such as Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and assessed the associations of MG with sexual behaviors, genitourinary symptoms, physical and laboratory findings. Study Design: Women aged 14 to 21 years (n = 331) were recruited from an urban medical center. The subjects’ sexual behaviors, genitourinary symptoms, and physical findings were recorded. Endocervical swabs were collected for CT and NG testing and vaginal swabs for wet mount, Gram stain, TV and MG testing. MG infection was identified by nucleic acid amplification using a transcription-mediated amplification assay. Results: MG was detected in 74 (22.4%), CT in 79 (24.4%), TV in 60 (18.2%), and NG in 35 (10.7%) subjects. MG infection was not associated with vaginal symptoms, physical evidence of cervicitis, or findings on wet mount or Gram stain. In logistic regression, variables positively associated with MG were current CT [odds ratio (OR), 2.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4–4.4] and recent sexual contact (≤7 days) (OR, 2.0; CI, 1.1–3.2). Dysuria (OR, 0.44; CI, 0.2–0.96) and use of hormonal contraception (OR, 0.55; CI, 0.3–1.0) were negatively associated with MG infection. Conclusion: In adolescent women, MG infection was as common as chlamydial infection and trichomoniasis and more common than gonorrhea. MG was associated with CT and recent sexual contact but not with vaginal symptoms or signs of cervicitis.
Kalman filtering for continuous-time uncertain systems with Markovian jumping parameters

Studies the problem of Kalman filtering for a class of uncertain linear continuous-time systems with Markovian jumping parameters. The system under consideration is subjected to time-varying norm-bounded parameter uncertainties in the state and measurement equations. Stochastic quadratic stability of the above system is analyzed. A state estimator is designed such that the covariance of the estimation error is guaranteed to be within a certain bound for all admissible uncertainties, which is in terms of solutions of two sets of coupled algebraic Riccati equations.