Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Delay-Throughput Tradeoff for Supportive Two-Tier Networks: A Static Primary Tier Vs. a Mobile Secondary Tier

Consider a wireless network of two tiers with different priorities: a primary tier and a secondary tier, which is an emerging network scenario with the advancement of cognitive radio technologies. The primary tier is constructed over static nodes of density n, which are randomly distributed and have an absolute priority to access the spectrum. The secondary tier contains mobile nodes of density m = nβ with β ≥ 2, which can only access the spectrum opportunistically to limit the interference to the primary tier. By allowing the secondary tier to relay the packets for the primary tier, we show that the achievable per-node throughput scaling for the primary tier can be improved to λp(n) = Θ(1/ log n). In the associated delay analysis, two mobility models are considered for the secondary nodes: an i.i. d. mobility model and a random walk model. We show that the primary tier can achieve delay scaling laws of Θ(1) and Θ(1/S) with the two mobility models, respectively, where S is the random walk step size. Furthermore, we show that the primary tier can achieve a delay-throughput tradeoff of Dp(n) = O (nλp(n)) with λp(n) = O (1/ log n) for the random walk model. The throughput and delay scaling laws for the secondary tier are also established, which are the same as those for a stand-alone mobile network.
Current status of monoclonal antibody therapy for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are complex diseases that have required the use of multiple modalities to aid in treatment. With an increasing understanding of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms and identification of specific therapeutic targets, monoclonal antibody treatment has been an ideal strategy for inducing and maintaining remission in these patients. This article addresses approved agents and the supporting data justifying their use in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, the safety of and immunologic reactions to these agents, as well as newer agents for treatment.
Epileptiform activities in slices of hippocampus from mice after intra‐hippocampal injection of kainic acid

Intra‐hippocampal kainate injection induces the emergence of recurrent seizures after a delay of 3–4 weeks. We examined the cellular and synaptic basis of this activity in vitro using extracellular and intracellular records from longitudinal hippocampal slices. These slices permitted recordings from the dentate gyrus, the CA3 and CA1 regions and the subiculum of both the injected and the contralateral non‐injected hippocampus. A sclerotic zone was evident in dorsal regions of slices from the injected hippocampus, while ventral regions and tissue from the contralateral hippocampus were not sclerotic. Interictal field potentials of duration 50–200 ms were generated spontaneously in both ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampal slices, but not in the sclerotic region, at 3–12 months after injection. They were initiated in the CA1 and CA3 regions and the subiculum. They were blocked by antagonists at glutamatergic receptors and were transformed into prolonged epileptiform events by GABAergic receptor antagonists. The membrane potential and the reversal potential of GABAergic synaptic events were more depolarized in CA1 pyramidal cells from kainate‐treated animals than in control animals. Ictal‐like events of duration 8–80 s were induced by tetanic stimulation (50 Hz, 0.2–1 s) preferentially in dorsal contralateral and ventral ipsilateral slices. Similar events were initiated by focal application of a combination of high K+ and GABA. These data show that both interictal and ictal‐like activities can be induced in slices of both ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampus from kainate‐treated animals and suggest that changes in cellular excitability and inhibitory synaptic signalling may contribute to their generation.
Network formation games with heterogeneous players and the internet structure

We study the structure and evolution of the Internet's Autonomous System (AS) interconnection topology as a game with heterogeneous players. In this network formation game, the utility of a player depends on the network structure, e.g., the distances between nodes and the cost of links. We analyze static properties of the game, such as the prices of anarchy and stability and provide explicit results concerning the generated topologies. Furthermore, we discuss dynamic aspects, demonstrating linear convergence rate and showing that only a restricted subset of equilibria is feasible under realistic dynamics. We also consider the case where utility (or monetary) transfers are allowed between the players.
Borderline Personality Traits and Intimate Partner Aggression: An International Multisite, Cross-Gender Analysis

Although research has consistently shown that men and women use intimate partner aggression (IPA) at approximately equal rates, there is little empirical research on whether the predictors of IPA are the same for men and women. The current study investigated whether borderline personality (BP) differentially predicted the use of IPA for men and women across 67 university sites from around the world. Results showed that BP predicted several forms of IPA and that gender did not moderate the association between IPA and BP. Although the strength of the association between IPA and BP significantly differed across sites, it was in the predicted direction for the overwhelming majority of sites. Implications of these results and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Priming Effects and Free Will

I argue that the empirical literature on priming effects does not warrant nor suggest the conclusion, drawn by prominent psychologists such as J. A. Bargh, that we have no free will or less free will than we might think. I focus on a particular experiment by Bargh - the ‘elderly’ stereotype case in which subjects that have been primed with words that remind them of the stereotype of the elderly walk on average slower out of the experiment’s room than control subjects – and I show that we cannot say that subjects cannot help walking slower or that they are not free in doing so. I then illustrate how these cases can be reconciled and normalized within a Davidsonian theory of action to show that, in walking slower, subjects are acting intentionally. My argument applies across various experiments, including those of goal priming. In the final section I argue that the only cases in which priming effects are efficacious are so called Buridan cases.
The relationship of pupil control to preservice elementary science teacher self–efficacy and outcome expectancy

The investigators' intentions in this study were to examine preservice elementary teachers' sense of self-efficacy with regard to science teaching and to define the construct of self-efficacy with greater clarity. Additionally, the construct of pupil control was examined. To gather information toward these purposes, we investigated the following questions: Do prospective elementary teachers' efficacy beliefs relate to their beliefs concerning classroom management or control? ; and How is a measure of self-efficacy related to prospective teachers' self-reported choice concerning the teaching of science, amount of time spent in performing “hands-on” science, and/or perceived effectiveness as future elementary science teachers? Self-efficacy was measured as two distinct constructs, personal self-efficacy and outcome expectancy. Significant correlations were found between personal science teaching self-efficacy and (1) the number of college science courses taken; (2) the number of years of high school science taken; (3) respondent's choice of science instructional delivery; and (4) respondent's perceived effectiveness in teaching science. When the outcome expectancy subscale is considered, however, only one significant correlation is indicated; perceived effectiveness in teaching science was significantly correlated with outcome expectancy. Personal science teaching self-efficacy was significantly correlated with pupil control ideology while outcome expectancy was not. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Functions of Mutual Smiling and Alliance Building in Early Therapeutic Interaction

We observed mutual smiling episodes (MSEs) between therapists and patients as a key element of affective exchanges that serve to regulate communication. Based on a functional perspective, four different MSEs have been identified corresponding to four social functions: (a) coordination of affective signals, (b) sharing of emotions, (c) negotiation of social roles, and (d) regulation of conflict. We present a theoretical model developed to study the function of MSEs, the Mutual Smiling Coding System (MSCS) instrument, and an initial validation based on a sample of 12 cases. Considering the therapeutic alliance, as measured by the Helping Alliance questionnaire (Alexander & Luborsky, 1986), differences appear in expressivity (number of MSEs) and organization (balance between different types of MSEs) during each session. The MSCS demonstrates satisfactory interrater reliability, and initial indications of validation are promising. It thus confirms the importance of interindividual emotional regulation mechanisms in therapeutic alliance building.
Viscous effects in control of near-wall turbulence

Prior studies of wall bounded turbulence control have utilized direct numerical simulation (DNS) which has limited investigations to low Reynolds numbers where viscous effects may play an important role. The current paper utilizes large eddy simulation (LES) with the dynamic subgrid-scale model to explore the influence of viscosity on one popular turbulence control strategy, opposition control, that has been extensively studied using low Reynolds number DNS. Exploiting the efficiency of LES, opposition control is applied to fully developed turbulent flow in a planar channel for turbulent Reynolds numbers in the range Reτ=80–720. At Reτ=80, opposition control completely suppresses turbulent fluctuations returning the flow to the laminar state. For higher Reynolds numbers, the flow remains turbulent and the predicted drag reduction drops from 26% at Reτ=100 to 19% at Reτ=720. Furthermore, the ratio of power saved to power input drops by more than a factor of 4 when Reynolds number increases over this range, indicating that the drag reduction mechanism in opposition control is both less effective and less efficient at higher Reynolds numbers.
Effects of peat mining intensity on green frog (Rana clamitans) occurrence in bog ponds

We assessed whether peat mining intensity influences the use of bog ponds by green frogs (Rana clamitans). We selected 21 ponds in three areas undergoing different levels of peat mining: 1) mined (vegetation completely removed exposing bare peat, prsence of drainage ditches with little or no water), 2) in preparation to be mined (vegetation intact but presence of drainage ditches filled with water), and 3) natural (vegetation intact, absence of drainage ditches). We estimated green frog abundance and reproduction using a combination of sampling techniques. Green frogs were detected more often at ponds in the moderately disturbed section than at ponds in either the mined bog or natural sections. Furthermore, no green frogs called at ponds on mined surfaces, as opposed to ponds on either natural or moderately disturbed surfaces. Tadpoles occurred only in the moderately disturbed section. This suggests that ponds on mined surfaces provide suboptimal habitat for green frogs. Within the moderately disturbed section, drainage ditches may provide additional breeding habitat and facilitate movements between ponds. However, if this positive effect occurs, it is only temporary because moderately disturbed sections are inevitably mined. Although preserving vegetated corridors or buffer zones around bog ponds within mined surfaces may not necessarily increase pond use by amphibians in the short term, it will facilitate the restoration phase of mined sites by providing a source of dispersers of bog plants and wildlife, including amphibians.
Motivation to Read: How Does It Change for Struggling Readers with and without Disabilities?.

Lack of reading motivation impedes upper elementary and secondary school students’ willingness to improve critical reading skills and strategies to be successful in school. Struggling readers often show a negative attitude towards reading tasks and manifest low motivation to read. Although the importance of motivation is clear, there is limited research on reading motivation of struggling adolescents with disabilities. This study examined whether reading motivation of struggling readers with and without disabilities significantly changed after an eighteen week period of reading instruction in two elementary schools and one high school in a Midwest state of the United States of America (USA). Findings yielded significant improvement in motivation for adolescents without disabilities while motivation scores declined for students with disabilities. An overview of students’ answers to survey questions is provided and some evidence-based methods that teachers can utilize to improve reading motivation of upper elementary and high school students are summarized.
Factors predicting the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement advertisements

This research examines whether consumers infer that celebrity endorsers like the products they endorse, and presents a model using these inferences and other characteristics of the endorser to predict attitudes toward the endorsed product. Participants in two experiments examined written endorsement advertisements and were asked to infer the extent to which the endorser truly liked the advertised product and to rate the endorser's attractiveness, similarity to themselves, and knowledge of the product. Attitudes toward the advertisement, the endorser and the product were also measured. The resulting model indicated that product attitudes were predicted by inferences about the endorser's liking for the product and by attitudes toward the endorser.
Standardization of Factor VIII I. CALIBRATION OF BRITISH STANDARDS FOR FACTOR VIII CLOTTING ACTIVITY

Calibration of successive British Standards for Factor VIII clotting activity against the International Standard (concentrate) has brought to light substantial discrepancies among laboratories and between assay methods. These discrepancies were less in assays of concentrate standards than in calibration of plasma standards. Standardization of reagents in the two‐stage assays substantially improved agreement among laboratories using this method. Standardization of the phospholipid reagent and haemophilic substrate separately had little effect on variation among laboratories performing one‐stage assays. Standardization of reagents did not alter the basic discrepancy (approximately 20%)) between the one‐stage and two‐stage assay methods. Omission of the aluminium hydroxide adsorption step from the two‐stage method reduced the discrepancy between the two methods to less than 10%. Discrepancies did not occur when one plasma standard was assayed against another. Improvements in the stability of VIII: C in freeze‐dried plasma now make it feasible to establish a long‐term plasma reference standard.
Bone resorption at the femoral neck is dependent on local factors in nonosteoporotic late postmenopausal women: An in vitro‐in vivo study

Local mediators of bone resorption may be involved in bone loss in recently postmenopausal women and in osteoporosis. In the present study, we investigated the production of cytokines and the formation of osteoclast‐like cells in marrow cultures from 16 late postmenopausal nonosteoporotic women (mean age: 66 ± 8 years; time after menopause: 15 ± 8 years) undergoing hip replacement for arthrosis. Marrow adherent mononuclear cells (MMNC) isolated from femoral diaphysis marrow were cultured for 10 days in the absence or in the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3. In vivo bone resorption was concomitantly assessed by histomorphometry on femoral neck bone sections. The number of TRAP+ multinucleated cells obtained after 10 days in MMNC cultured in the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3 correlated with the number of osteoclasts measured on the bone femoral neck biopsies (r = 0.65, p < 0.01), suggesting that the formation of multinucleated cells in vitro could reflect the osteoclast differentiation in vivo. Furthermore, the number of osteoclasts was related to the eroded volume and the trabecular separation of the femoral neck bone biopsies. Finally, the release of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), IL‐6, and TNF‐α by cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and MMNC was measured by radioimmunoassay. The cytokine levels of basal and 1,25(OH)2D3‐treated MMNC decreased from days 2 to 5 and then reached a plateau to day 10. The number of TRAP+ multinucleated cells obtained after 10 days in MMNC cultures correlated with the basal IL‐6 release in the same cultures determined at day 2 (r = 0.55, p < 0.01). IL‐1 and IL‐6 basal levels in PBMC and MMNC at day 2 were correlated (r = 0.53, r = 0.64, respectively; p < 0.05), showing that cytokine production in peripheral blood reflects the local production in the marrow. Our data indicate that, in late postmenopausal women, local factors, and in particular IL‐6, might be implicated in the bone‐resorbing process, and that osteoclast activity might be responsible for micro‐structural changes in the femoral neck.
A microaliquoting technique for precise histological annotation and optimization of cell content in frozen tissue specimens

Knowledge of the exact cell content of frozen tissue samples is of growing importance in genomic research. We developed a microaliquoting technique to measure and optimize the cell composition of frozen tumor specimens for molecular studies. Frozen samples of 31 mesothelioma cases were cut in alternating thin and thick sections. Thin sections were stained and evaluated visually. Thick sections, i.e., microaliquots, were annotated using bordering stained sections. A range of cellular heterogeneity was observed among and within samples. Precise annotation of samples was obtained by integration and compared to conventional single face and “front and back” section estimates of cell content. Front and back estimates were more highly correlated with block annotation by microaliquoting than were single face estimates. Both methods yielded discrepant estimates, however, and for some studies may not adequately account for the heterogeneity of mesothelioma or other malignancies with variable cellular composition. High yield and quality RNA was extracted from precision annotated, tumor-enriched subsamples prepared by combining individual microaliquots with the highest tumor cellularity estimates. Microaliquoting provides accurate cell content annotation and permits genomic analysis of enriched subpopulations of cells without fixation or amplification.
Automated Curriculum Learning for Neural Networks

We introduce a method for automatically selecting the path, or syllabus, that a neural network follows through a curriculum so as to maximise learning efficiency. A measure of the amount that the network learns from each data sample is provided as a reward signal to a nonstationary multi-armed bandit algorithm, which then determines a stochastic syllabus. We consider a range of signals derived from two distinct indicators of learning progress: rate of increase in prediction accuracy, and rate of increase in network complexity. Experimental results for LSTM networks on three curricula demonstrate that our approach can significantly accelerate learning, in some cases halving the time required to attain a satisfactory performance level.
Olanzapine addition in obsessive-compulsive disorder refractory to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: an open-label case series.

BACKGROUND Despite the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, a significant number of patients show no or only partial remission of symptoms. Some evidence exists to suggest that risperidone augmentation can be helpful in treating this refractory group. The efficacy of other atypical antipsychotic agents, such as olanzapine, in augmenting SSRIs in refractory obsessive-compulsive patients has yet to be systematically investigated. METHOD A series of 10 patients with DSM-IV obsessive-compulsive disorder showing significant residual symptoms following an adequate SSRI trial (12 weeks) were given open-label olanzapine augmentation for a minimum of an additional 8 weeks. Treatment response was assessed using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and the Clinical Global Impressions scale. RESULTS Nine of the 10 patients in this series treated with olanzapine and an SSRI completed the 8-week augmentation trial. Of these, 4 demonstrated a complete remission or major improvement in obsessive-compulsive symptoms, 3 had partial remission, and 2 experienced no benefit. Nine patients experienced minimal adverse effects, primarily sedation, which did not interfere with continuing treatment. One patient discontinued olanzapine owing to excessive sedation. CONCLUSION The results of this preliminary, open-label trial suggest that olanzapine may be effective in augmenting ongoing SSRI treatment for a portion of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder refractory to SSRI treatment. Larger, placebo-controlled trials appear warranted to investigate the clinical efficacy and tolerability of olanzapine augmentation of SSRI treatment in SSRI-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Perceiving facial expressions

Three experiments investigated the perception of facial displays of emotions. Using a morphing technique, Experiment 1 (identification task) and Experiment 2 (ABX discrimination task) evaluated the merits of categorical and dimensional models of the representation of these stimuli. We argue that basic emotions—as they are usually defined verbally—do not correspond to primary perceptual categories emerging from the visual analysis of facial expressions. Instead, the results are compatible with the hypothesis that facial expressions are coded in a continuous anisotropic space structured by valence axes. Experiment 3 (identification task) introduces a new technique for generating chimeras to address the debate between feature-based and holistic models of the processing of facial expressions. Contrary to the pure holistic hypothesis, the results suggest that an independent assessment of discrimination features is possible, and may be sufficient for identifying expressions even when the global facial configuration is ambiguous. However, they also suggest that top-down processing may improve identification accuracy by assessing the coherence of local features.
Zero-Free and Redundant Quaternion Orthogonal Designs

The success of applying generalized complex orthogonal designs as space-time block codes recently motivated the definition of quaternion orthogonal designs as potential building blocks for space-time-polarization block codes. Since complex orthogonal designs with no zero entries have proven important in applications, this paper offers a construction for an infinite family of restricted quaternion orthogonal designs with no zero entries. The construction is particularly useful because it requires only readily available complex orthogonal designs. This paper also offers a construction for an infinite family of unrestricted quaternion orthogonal designs that have a regular redundancy incorporated into their structure. This construction is useful because it provides the first simple construction for an infinite family of quaternion designs with any number of columns.