Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Varianten qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse: ein Wegweiser im Dickicht der Begrifflichkeiten

Zusammenfassung: In der Literatur zur qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse werden verschiedene Varianten des Verfahrens unterschieden, darunter beispielsweise die inhaltlich-strukturierende, die evaluative, die skalierende, die zusammenfassende oder die typenbildende Inhaltsanalyse. Dabei bleibt jedoch unklar, wie diese verschiedenen Varianten sich zueinander verhalten. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden die verschiedenen Versionen qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse beschrieben und in Beziehung gesetzt. Dabei ergeben sich zwei Basisformen qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse: die strukturierende qualitative Inhaltsanalyse und die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse durch Extraktion. Die anderen Varianten werden nicht als eigenständige Versionen rekonstruiert, sondern als Variationen im Ablauf der strukturierenden Inhaltsanalyse. Darüber hinaus sind weitere Variationen möglich und sinnvoll, die abschließend im Sinne eines "Werkzeugkastens" qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse dargestellt werden.
Gingival recession, oral hygiene and associated factors among Tanzanian women.

BACKGROUND Females are generally more motivated with regard to oral hygiene practices and thus brush their teeth more frequently than males. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of gingival recession, oral hygiene status, oral hygiene practices and associated factors in women attending a maternity ward in Tanzania. DESIGN Cross-sectional descriptive study. SETTING Maternity ward of Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania. SUBJECTS Four hundred and forty six women were interviewed on oral hygiene practices and maternal factors, and a full-mouth examination was done to determine the presence of plaque, calculus, gingival bleeding and gingival recession at six sites per tooth. RESULTS The prevalence of gingival recession (GR) > or =1 mm was 33.6%, calculus 99.3%, plaque 100%, and gingival bleeding 100%. Oral hygiene practices included toothbrushing (98.9%), brushing frequency > or =2 times/day (61.2%), horizontal brushing method (98%), and using a plastic toothbrush (97.8%). Factors that were significantly associated with gingival recession were age (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.3-3.2), presence of calculus (OR(a) = 3.8, 95% CI=2.5-7.1), and gingival bleeding on probing (OR = 4.2, 95% CI = 2.5-7.1). Tooth cleaning practices and maternal factors, especially the number of pregnancies or deliveries were not significantly associated with gingival recession. CONCLUSION In this study population, oral hygiene was poor and gingival recession was associated with age, calculus and gingival inflammation rather than with tooth cleaning practices.
Desaturation and Elongation of Fatty Acids and Insulin Action

Abstract: Insulin resistance is characterized by specific changes of the composition of fatty acids in the serum lipids and in the skeletal muscle membranes. Impaired insulin sensitivity is associated with high proportions of palmitic (16:0) acid and low levels of linoleic (18:2 n‐6) acid in serum. In addition, there are apparent changes of the fatty acid desaturase activities, suggesting an increased activity of the Δ9 and Δ6 desaturases and a decreased activity of the Δ5 desaturase. The activity of the fatty acid desaturases is regulated by long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and insulin and is probably also dependent on the degree of physical activity. A high ratio between arachidonic (20:4 n‐6) and dihomo‐gamma linolenic (20:3 n‐6) acid, as a measure of Δ5 desaturase activity, in the skeletal muscle phospholipids has been related to good insulin sensitivity. Available knowledge seems to indicate that the degree of saturation of the body lipids, and especially the proportion of palmitic acid in the lipid membranes, may be critical for insulin sensitivity. The strong relationships between the Δ5 desaturase activity, a high content of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the skeletal muscle, and insulin sensitivity may be due to parallel effects of diet and/or physical activity on the fatty acid composition and on insulin sensitivity.
Increased Functional Connectivity Between Subcortical and Cortical Resting-State Networks in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

IMPORTANCE Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit severe difficulties in social interaction, motor coordination, behavioral flexibility, and atypical sensory processing, with considerable interindividual variability. This heterogeneous set of symptoms recently led to investigating the presence of abnormalities in the interaction across large-scale brain networks. To date, studies have focused either on constrained sets of brain regions or whole-brain analysis, rather than focusing on the interaction between brain networks. OBJECTIVES To compare the intrinsic functional connectivity between brain networks in a large sample of individuals with ASD and typically developing control subjects and to estimate to what extent group differences would predict autistic traits and reflect different developmental trajectories. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We studied 166 male individuals (mean age, 17.6 years; age range, 7-50 years) diagnosed as having DSM-IV-TR autism or Asperger syndrome and 193 typical developing male individuals (mean age, 16.9 years; age range, 6.5-39.4 years) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Participants were matched for age, IQ, head motion, and eye status (open or closed) in the MRI scanner. We analyzed data from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE), an aggregated MRI data set from 17 centers, made public in August 2012. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES We estimated correlations between time courses of brain networks extracted using a data-driven method (independent component analysis). Subsequently, we associated estimates of interaction strength between networks with age and autistic traits indexed by the Social Responsiveness Scale. RESULTS Relative to typically developing control participants, individuals with ASD showed increased functional connectivity between primary sensory networks and subcortical networks (thalamus and basal ganglia) (all t ≥ 3.13, P < .001 corrected). The strength of such connections was associated with the severity of autistic traits in the ASD group (all r ≥ 0.21, P < .0067 corrected). In addition, subcortico-cortical interaction decreased with age in the entire sample (all r ≤ -0.09, P < .012 corrected), although this association was significant only in typically developing participants (all r ≤ -0.13, P < .009 corrected). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our results showing ASD-related impairment in the interaction between primary sensory cortices and subcortical regions suggest that the sensory processes they subserve abnormally influence brain information processing in individuals with ASD. This might contribute to the occurrence of hyposensitivity or hypersensitivity and of difficulties in top-down regulation of behavior.
Twenty-four hour urinary urea excretion and 9-year risk of hypertension: the PREVEND study

Objectives: It is not yet clear whether dietary protein could help maintaining a healthy blood pressure (BP). We investigated the association between total protein intake, estimated from 24-h urinary urea excretion, and incident hypertension in Dutch men and women. Methods: We analyzed data of 3997 men and women (aged 28–75 years) who participated in the Prevention of Renal and Vascular Endstage Disease (PREVEND) study, a prospective cohort study. Urea excretion was assessed in two consecutive 24-h urine collections at baseline and approximately 4 years later, from which total protein intake was estimated using the Maroni method. Participants were followed for 9 years for hypertension incidence, defined as BP at least 140/90 mmHg or initiation of antihypertensive medication. Hazard ratios (HR) were obtained in sex-specific quintiles of protein intake using time-dependent Cox regression, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol use, and 24-h urinary excretions of sodium and potassium. Results: Baseline BP was on average 119/70 mmHg and 976 participants developed hypertension during follow-up. Mean protein intake (in g/kg ideal body weight) was 1.18 ± 0.26 for men and 1.12 ± 0.25 for women. Estimated protein intake was nonlinearly inversely associated with incident hypertension in the fully adjusted model, with nonsignificant HR of 0.77, 0.75, 0.82, and 0.83 in consecutive quintiles compared with the lowest quintile (P-trend: 0.52). Conclusion: Protein intake, as assessed by urinary urea excretion, was not significantly associated with 9-year hypertension incidence in Dutch men and women.
Design and fabrication of PIN-PMN-PT single-crystal high-frequency ultrasound transducers

High-frequency PIN-PMN-PT single crystal ultrasound transducers at center frequencies of 35 MHz and 60 MHz were successfully fabricated using lead indium niobate-lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (0.23PIN- 0.5PMN-0.27PT) single crystal. The new PIN-PMN-PT single crystal has higher coercivity (6.0 kV/cm) and higher Curie temperature (160°C) than PMN-PT crystal. Experimental results showed that the PIN-PMN-PT transducers have similar performance but better thermal stability compared with the PMN-PT transducers.
E-services: problems, opportunities, and digital platforms

Services that are delivered over the Internet-e-services-pose unique problems yet offer unprecedented opportunities. In this paper, we classify e-services along the dimensions of their level of digitization and the nature of their target markets (business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer). Using the case of application services, we analyze how they differ from traditional software procurement and development. Next, we extend the concept of modular platforms to this domain and identify how knowledge management can be used to rapidly assemble new application services. We also discuss how such traceability-based knowledge management can facilitate e-service evolution and version-based market segmentation.
Social and behavioral functioning in individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure

Prenatal exposure to alcohol can lead to long-term impairments in cognition and behavior and represents a major public health concern. This paper reviews studies examining the social and behavioral functioning of individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure. Social and behavioral functioning are important domains for study because deficits in these areas can lead to problems in everyday functioning and to maladjustment in later life. Most research with individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure has used caregiver or selfreport questionnaires or semi-structured interviews to sample behavior. The vast majority of studies indicate significant difficulties with interpersonal functioning, internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, and high rates of psychopathology. Recent intervention studies conducted with individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure have shown promising results in improving the social skills and behavioral functioning in this population. Finally, this paper concludes with recommendations for future studies in this area.
Lag‐sensitive repetition suppression effects in the anterior parahippocampal gyrus

Single‐unit recording studies of monkeys have shown that neurons in perirhinal and entorhinal cortex exhibit activity reductions following stimulus repetition, and some have suggested that these “repetition suppression” effects may represent neural signals that support recognition memory. Critically, repetition suppression effects are most pronounced at short intervals between stimulus repetitions. Here, we used event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify repetition suppression effects in the human medial temporal lobe and determine whether these effects are sensitive to the length of the interval between repetitions. Twenty‐one participants were scanned while performing a continuous recognition memory task in which the interval between item repetitions was parametrically varied from 2 to 32 intervening items. We found evidence of repetition suppression in the anterior parahippocampal gyrus, but only when the repetition interval was relatively short. Moreover, bilateral hippocampal regions showed lag‐sensitive repetition effects. Our results demonstrate that activity in the human medial temporal cortex, like that of monkeys, exhibits repetition suppression effects that are sensitive to the length of the interval between repetitions. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Buruli ulcer: the third most common mycobacterial infection.

Background and epidemiology: Buruli ulcer, caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans , is the third most common mycobacterial disease in immunocompetent people, after tuberculosis and leprosy. [1][1] It begins as a painless nodule or papule on the skin but, if left untreated, progresses to massive ulceration
Efficient FPGA Modular Multiplication and Exponentiation Architectures Using Digit Serial Computation

Modular exponentiation with large modulus and exponent has been widely used in public key cryptosystems. Montgomery´s modular multiplication algorithm is normally used since no trial division is necessary and the critical path is reduced by using carry-save addition (CSA). In this paper, the Montgomery multiplication is greatly optimized and architectures are proposed to perform the Least-Significant-Bit (LSB) first and the Most-Significant-Bit (MSB) first algorithms. The architecture here presented has the following distinctive characteristics: 1) Use of digit-serial approach for Montgomery multiplication. 2) Conversion of the CSA representation of intermediate multiplication using carry-skip addition which reduces the critical path with a small area-speed penalty. 3) Precompute quotient value in Montgomery iteration in order to speed up operation frequency. In this work, implementation results in Xilinx Virtex 5 and Virtex 2 are reported. Experimental results show that the proposed modular exponentiation and modular multiplication design obtains the best delay performance compared with previous published works and outperforms them in terms of area-time complexity.
Sensitivity of fluorescence in situ hybridization for melanoma diagnosis using RREB1, MYB, Cep6, and 11q13 probes in melanoma subtypes.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using probes targeting 6p25, 6q23, 11q13, and Cep6 in melanoma subtypes. DESIGN Blinded comparison of chromosomal copy number changes detected using FISH targeting 6p25, 6q23, 11q13, and Cep6 in benign nevi and melanoma subtypes. SETTING Dermatopathology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. PARTICIPANTS One hundred ten individuals with benign nevi and 123 with melanoma (70 superficial spreading, 28 lentigo maligna, 22 nodular, and 3 acral lentiginous melanomas). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Sensitivity of previously developed criteria using FISH using probes targeting 6p25, 6q23, 11q13, and Cep6 in the melanoma subtypes. RESULTS Overall, sensitivity was 83.0% and specificity was 94.0%. The 6p25 gain criterion had the highest sensitivity overall and in each subtype. The assay was most sensitive in the subgroups of nodular and acral melanomas and least sensitive in the superficial spreading subtype. The 11q13 gain was more commonly seen in chronically sun-damaged skin and infrequently in non-chronically sun-damaged skin. CONCLUSIONS Heterogeneous changes in melanoma occur at the molecular level, and the changes are different among melanoma subtypes. Clonal abnormalities in chromosome 6 with increased copies of the short arm relative to the long arm are common in all melanoma subtypes, suggesting that isochromosome 6 is common in all variants of cutaneous melanoma subtypes. An increase in copy number of 11q13 is most frequent in chronically sun-damaged melanomas.
Multipath QUIC: Design and Evaluation

Quick UDP Internet Connection (QUIC) is a recent protocol initiated by Google that combines the functions of HTTP/2, TLS, and TCP directly over UDP, with the goal to reduce the latency of client-server communication. It can replace the traditional HTTP/TLS/TCP stack and the IETF has chartered a working group to standardize it. QUIC encrypts all data and most protocol headers to prevent interferences from middleboxes. Motivated by the success of Multipath TCP (MPTCP), we design Multipath QUIC (MPQUIC), a QUIC extension that enables a QUIC connection to use different paths such as WiFi and LTE on smartphones, or IPv4 and IPv6 on dual-stack hosts. We implement MPQUIC as an extension of the quic-go implementation. We evaluate the benefits of QUIC and MPQUIC by comparing them with TCP and MPTCP in a variety of settings. MPQUIC maintains MPTCP's benefits (aggregation benefit, network handover). Without packet losses, while performance of single-path TCP and single-path QUIC are similar, MPQUIC can outperform MPTCP. In lossy scenarios, (MP)QUIC is more suited than (MP)TCP.
The dimensionality of the Work Related Flow Inventory (WOLF): a South African study

The objective of this study was to validate and explore the factor structure of the Work-Related Flow Inventory (WOLF) as a measure of flow within the South African work context. The sample consisted of N = 415 employees from various organisations in South Africa (females = 56.8%, White = 67.8%, single = 46%, English = 34.6%, 18 to 30 = 76.4% and various types of industries and positions). They completed the Work Related Flow Inventory (WOLF), the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) and the Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed that the WOLF has three dimensions, consisting of absorption, work enjoyment and intrinsic work motivation that fit the data best. The findings further suggest that absorption and work enjoyment relates to work engagement. Convergent validity evidence indicated work absorption, work enjoyment and intrinsic motivation to correlate with both work engagement and job satisfaction in a South African working context. Work enjoyment had the strongest link with job satisfaction.
Emerging Targets in Pituitary Adenomas: Role of the CXCL12/CXCR4-R7 System

Chemokines are chemotactic regulators of immune surveillance in physiological and pathological conditions such as inflammation, infection, and cancer. Several chemokines and cognate receptors are constitutively expressed in the central nervous system, not only in glial and endothelial cells but also in neurons, controlling neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth, and axonal guidance during development. In particular, the chemokine CXCL12 and its receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR7, form a functional network that controls plasticity in different brain areas, influencing neurotransmission, neuromodulation, and cell migration, and the dysregulation of this chemokinergic axis is involved in several neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory, and malignant diseases. CXCR4 primarily mediates the transduction of proliferative signals, while CXCR7 seems to be mainly responsible for scavenging CXCL12. Importantly, the multiple intracellular signalling generated by CXCL12 interaction with its receptors influences hypothalamic modulation of neuroendocrine functions, although a direct modulation of pituitary functioning via autocrine/paracrine mechanisms was also reported. Both CXCL12 and CXCR4 are constitutively overexpressed in pituitary adenomas and their signalling induces cell survival and proliferation, as well as hormonal hypersecretion. In this review we focus on the physiological and pathological functions of immune-related cyto- and chemokines, mainly focusing on the CXCL12/CXCR4-7 axis, and their role in pituitary tumorigenesis. Accordingly, we discuss the potential targeting of CXCR4 as novel pharmacological approach for pituitary adenomas.
Long-Term Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in US Adults With the Familial Hypercholesterolemia Phenotype

Background: Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) affects up to 1 in 200 individuals in the United States, but atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) outcomes of FH in the general US population have not been described. We therefore sought to evaluate long-term coronary heart disease (CHD) and total ASCVD risks in US adults with an FH phenotype. Methods: Using individual pooled data from 6 large US epidemiological cohorts, we stratified participants by low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level at index ages from 20 to 79 years. For the primary analysis, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels ≥190 and <130 mg/dL defined the FH phenotype and referent, respectively. Sensitivity analyses evaluated the effects of varying the FH phenotype definition. We used Cox regression models to assess covariate-adjusted associations of the FH phenotype with 30-year hazards for CHD (CHD death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) and total ASCVD (CHD or stroke). Results: We included 68 565 baseline person-examinations; 3850 (5.6%) had the FH phenotype by the primary definition. Follow-up across index ages ranged from 78 985 to 308 378 person-years. After covariate adjustment, the FH phenotype was associated with substantially elevated 30-year CHD risk, with hazard ratios up to 5.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.1–21.7). Across index ages, CHD risk was accelerated in those with the FH phenotype by 10 to 20 years in men and 20 to 30 years in women. Similar patterns of results were found for total ASCVD risk, with hazard ratios up to 4.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.2–13.4). Alternative FH phenotype definitions incorporating family history, more stringent age-based low-density lipoprotein cholesterol thresholds, or alternative lipid fractions decreased the FH phenotype prevalence to as low as 0.2% to 0.4% without materially affecting CHD risk estimates (hazard ratios up to 8.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.0–61.6). Conclusions: In the general US population, the long-term ASCVD burden related to phenotypic FH, defined by low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥190 mg/dL, is likely substantial. Our finding of CHD risk acceleration may aid efforts in risk communication.
Ancient Ubiquitous Protein 1 (AUP1) Localizes to Lipid Droplets and Binds the E2 Ubiquitin Conjugase G2 (Ube2g2) via Its G2 Binding Region*♦

Lipid droplets (LDs), the major intracellular storage sites for neutral lipids, consist of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer membrane. In addition to their function in lipid storage, LDs participate in lipid biosynthesis and recently were implicated in proteasomal protein degradation and autophagy. To identify components of the protein degradation machinery on LDs, we studied several candidates identified in previous LD proteome analyses. Here, we demonstrate that the highly conserved and broadly expressed ancient ubiquitous protein 1 (AUP1) localizes to LDs, where it integrates into the LD surface in a monotopic fashion with both termini facing the cytosol. AUP1 contains a C-terminal domain with strong homology to a domain known as G2BR, which binds E2 ubiquitin conjugases. We show that AUP1, by means of its G2BR domain, binds to Ube2g2. This binding is abolished by deletion or mutation of the G2BR domain, although the LD localization of AUP1 is not affected. The presence of the AUP1-Ube2g2 complex at LDs provides a direct molecular link between LDs and the cellular ubiquitination machinery.