Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Randomized controlled trial Dentoskeletal effects of the Bite-Jumping Appliance and the Twin-Block Appliance in the treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion : a randomized controlled trial

Objectives: The current parallel group, randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the dentoalveolar and skeletal changes resulting from treatment using two popular functional appliances: the Bite-Jumping Appliance (BJA) and the Twin-Block Appliance (TBA). Study design: This study is designed as a parallel-group, randomized controlled trial. Materials and methods: Patients were screened from the patients who were seeking treatment at the Department of Orthodontics, Al-Baath University. Eligibility criteria included skeletal Class II division 1 malocclusion resulting from the retrusion of the mandible. A computer-generated randomization list was used to randomly divide the patients into two equal groups to be treated with either the BJA or the TBA. Blinding was applicable for outcome assessment only. Fortyfour patients (22 male and 22 female) aged 10.2–13.5 years were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either the BJA or the TBA groups, and four patients were lost to follow-up (two from each group). Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained before treatment and after 12 months of active appliance therapy. Inter-group differences were evaluated with two-sample t-tests, and intra-group differences were assessed with paired-sample t-tests at the P <0.05 level. Results: Forty patients (20 in each group) were available for the statistical analysis. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Similar changes were observed in the sagittal plane, including a significant increase in the SNB angle. No significant changes were observed in the maxilla. The lower incisors were significantly proclined, and the upper incisors significantly retruded. In the vertical plane, BJA induced mandibular clockwise rotation, and the SN:MP angle increased by 2.14 ± 2.97° (P = 0.002). Conversely, no significant changes took place in this angle in the TBA group 0.75 ± 2.37° (P = 0.096). Similarly, Jarabak ratio decreased significantly in the BJA group by −1.78 ± 0.85% (P = 0.002) and increased significantly in the TBA group by 1.26 ± 0.76% (P = 0.032), with significant differences between the two groups (P ≤ 0.001). No serious harm was observed. Limitations: A limitation of this research is a lack of an untreated control group. However, the resulting differences between the two groups can be attributed to the appliance differences, which fulfil the aim of the current research. Conclusions: Each of the two appliances is recommended for the functional treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion resulting from the retrusion of the mandible. The BJA is recommended when clockwise rotation is desired, whereas the TBA is recommended to inhibit vertical development. European Journal of Orthodontics, 2015, 330–337 doi:10.1093/ejo/cju052 Advance Access publication 8 October 2014
The Effect of Red Palm Oil on Vitamin A Deficiency: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Red palm oil (RPO) has been investigated for preventing or alleviating vitamin A deficiency (VAD). Previous data has offered inconclusive and inconsistent results about the effects of RPO in patients with VAD. Our objective was to undertake a meta-analysis to assess the effects of RPO in preventing VAD in the population. After conducting a comprehensive literature search, nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Overall, when trial results were pooled, the results indicated that RPO reduced the risk of VAD (relative risk (RR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 0.55 (0.37, 0.82), p = 0.003), increasedserum retinol levels in both children (p < 0.00001) and adults (p = 0.002), and increased β-carotene levels (p = 0.01). However, RPO supplementation did not have a significant overall effect on serum α-carotene levels (p = 0.06), body weight (p = 0.45), and haemoglobin levels (p = 0.72). The results also showed that low level of PRO intake (≤8 g RPO) could increase serum retinol concentrations whereas PRO intake above 8 g did not lead to further increase of serum retinol concentrations. This meta-analysis demonstrated that RPO might be effective for preventing or alleviating VAD.
Overexpression of SlRBZ Results in Chlorosis and Dwarfism through Impairing Chlorophyll, Carotenoid, and Gibberellin Biosynthesis in Tomato

ZFPs play important roles in many biological processes, including plant development, stress response, and phytohormone response. RanBP2-type zinc finger transcription factors have been characterized in animals and humans. However, their functions remain largely unknown in plants. In this study, we identified a RanBP2-type zinc finger protein gene (SlRBZ) in tomato. SlRBZ was constitutively expressed in roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. The SlRBZ-GFP fused protein was localized in the nucleus. Overexpression of SlRBZ resulted in chlorosis and dwarf phenotypes in tomato. Determination of physiological index showed that chlorophyll, carotenoid, and GAs contents were evidently decreased in transgenic plants. Furthermore, the qRT-PCR and RNA-Seq analyses demonstrated that the transcription of the genes involved in these biosynthesis pathways obviously decreased in SlRBZ-OE plants. In addition, ultrastructural observation by transmission electron microscopy indicated that plastids could not develop into mature chloroplasts with normal chloroplast membrane and thylakoid membrane system in SlRBZ-OE plants. The results suggest that overexpression of SlRBZ may impair the biosynthesis of chlorophyll, carotenoid, and gibberellin through blocking chloroplast development, resulting in chlorosis and dwarfism in tomato.
The Effects of Peer-Interaction Styles in Team Blogs on Students' Cognitive Thinking and Blog Participation

Deep cognitive thinking refers to a learner's purposeful and conscious manipulation of ideas toward meaningful learning. Strategies such as journaling/blogging and peer feedback have been found to promote deep thinking. This article reports a research study about the effects of two different blog leader styles on students' deep thinking as exhibited on blogs. Thirty-four students in two sections of a class were assigned in three to five member groups and blogged for 10 weeks. In the first section, the “starters” of each week's blog introduced articles with two alternative views about a current topic, posted a few questions, and the rest of the group responded to the questions. In contrast, the “starters” in the second section wrote a post and the rest of the team commented on the post. Data analyses revealed that different starter styles influenced both the quantity and quality of starters' posts as well as peer feedback.
Pyramidal Cells in Prefrontal Cortex of Primates: Marked Differences in Neuronal Structure Among Species

The most ubiquitous neuron in the cerebral cortex, the pyramidal cell, is characterized by markedly different dendritic structure among different cortical areas. The complex pyramidal cell phenotype in granular prefrontal cortex (gPFC) of higher primates endows specific biophysical properties and patterns of connectivity, which differ from those in other cortical regions. However, within the gPFC, data have been sampled from only a select few cortical areas. The gPFC of species such as human and macaque monkey includes more than 10 cortical areas. It remains unknown as to what degree pyramidal cell structure may vary among these cortical areas. Here we undertook a survey of pyramidal cells in the dorsolateral, medial, and orbital gPFC of cercopithecid primates. We found marked heterogeneity in pyramidal cell structure within and between these regions. Moreover, trends for gradients in neuronal complexity varied among species. As the structure of neurons determines their computational abilities, memory storage capacity and connectivity, we propose that these specializations in the pyramidal cell phenotype are an important determinant of species-specific executive cortical functions in primates.
A Comparison of Variable Ratio and Fixed Ratio Schedules of Token Reinforcement

Previous research has shown the effects that different schedules of reinforc ement have on behavior. Much of this research was applied to production schedules of token reinforcement , meaning how many responses an individual needs to emit before receiving a token, which c an later be exchanged for preferred items. Little research has focused on beha vior c nges under different schedules of token exchange, that is, how many tokens need to be earned befor e the opportunity to exchange is presented. The present study sought to examine whether be avio change under different schedules of token exchange is similar to that under simple s chedules of reinforcement. Two individuals with developmental disabilities participated in the study. In the fixed ratio (FR) condition, the participant received a token for every instance of target touching, and was presented with the opportunity to exchange those tokens for a preferred edible aft r receiving 10 tokens. In the variable ratio (VR) condition, the participant recei ved a token for every instance of target touching, but the opportunity to exchange the tokens varied from 1 -18 tokens, averaging 10 tokens across the session. The schedules produced show a lower respons e rate during the VR condition for one individual, and no difference in responding between the tw o conditions for another individual. The practical implications of this study suggest t hat a fixed ratio token schedule may be more beneficial for both practitioners and students.
BUTTERY Nutritional and hormonal control of muscle growth and fat deposition Summary

This review will consider the processes of skeletal muscle (myogenesis) and fat (adipogenesis) development and the factors involved in regulating them in a variety of species. In particular, the effects of hormones and maternal nutrition during different stages of pregnancy on numbers and types of skeletal muscle fibres will be considered, along with possible underlying mechanisms. Similarly, effects of maternal nutrition on adiposity will also be considered and the relationship between skeletal muscle (fibre number and type) and adiposity. The implications for both agriculture and medicine will be considered.
Comparison of Once-Daily Atazanavir With Efavirenz, Each in Combination With Fixed-Dose Zidovudine and Lamivudine, As Initial Therapy for Patients Infected With HIV

Background:Atazanavir, an azapeptide protease inhibitor (PI), has pharmacokinetics that allow once-daily dosing, and it is not associated with significant PI-associated dyslipidemia. Methods:A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled, 2-arm study comparing the antiviral efficacy and safety of atazanavir 400 mg administered once daily with efavirenz 600 mg administered once daily in combination with open-label fixed-dose zidovudine plus lamivudine twice daily. The 810 treatment-naive patients were stratified by HIV RNA level. The primary efficacy end point was the proportion of treated patients with HIV RNA levels <400 copies/mL through week 48. Results:At week 48, HIV RNA levels were <400 copies/mL in 70% of patients receiving atazanavir and 64% of patients receiving efavirenz (intent-to-treat, difference; 95% confidence interval: 5.2%; −1.2%, 11.7%). Median CD4+ cell counts increased at comparable magnitudes and rates in the 2 treatment arms (mean change at week 48: 176 cells/mm3 with atazanavir, 160 cells/mm3 with efavirenz). Atazanavir-treated patients relative to comparator-treated patients did not demonstrate significant increases in total cholesterol, fasting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or fasting triglycerides over 48 weeks of therapy. Atazanavir-linked bilirubin elevations infrequently resulted in treatment discontinuation (<1%). Atazanavir treatment did not increase fasting glucose or insulin levels. Conclusions:For initial HIV treatment, a highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen of atazanavir/zidovudine/lamivudine is as efficacious and well tolerated as the combination of efavirenz/zidovudine/lamivudine.
New Dawn or Bad Moon Rising? Large Scale Government Administered Workplace Surveys and the Future of Canadian IR Research

This article discusses the potential advantages of large scale, government administered workplace surveys and the limitations of these surveys in the past. It then reviews the 1995 AWIRS (Australia), the 1998 WERS (U.K.), and the 1999 WES (Canada) in accordance with how well they appear to have succeeded in overcoming these limitations, and, more generally, with their implications for the conduct of industrial relations (IR) research. It is argued that the 1995 AWIRS does not appreciably overcome the limitations of previous surveys. In contrast, the 1998 WERS has yielded a substantially higher quality data set, although it also does not completely overcome the limitations of its predecessors. Finally, the 1999 WES promises an even higher quality data set, but is primarily a labour market and productivity survey rather than an IR survey, and could even portend a “bad moon rising” for Canadian IR research.
Gonadotropin-Mediated Dynamic Alterations During Bovine Oocyte Maturation In Vitro1

ABSTRACT Gonadotropins have been widely used in human-assisted reproduction and animal science for the past four decades. However, the effects of gonadotropins on oocyte maturation at the molecular and biochemical levels are poorly understood. To determine the effects of gonadotropins (recombinant follicle stimulating hormone and urinary human menopausal gonadotropin) on oocyte maturation, we used the bovine oocyte in vitro maturation model. First, we studied the effects of increasing gonadotropin concentrations on nuclear maturation and mitochondrial function in oocytes. Gonadotropins at concentrations of 0.075 and 0.75 IU/ml improved nuclear maturation and increased inner mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels; however, there were no beneficial effects at concentrations of 7.5 and 75 IU/ml. Second, we studied the effects of increasing gonadotropin concentrations on the status of methylation in matured (MII) oocytes. Aberrant methylation and demethylation of H19, SNRPN, and PEG3 genes were observed in MII oocytes at all concentrations except 0.075 IU/ml. The expression of genes that function in spindle formation, cell cycle control, and methylation was also downregulated by high gonadotropin concentrations. In conclusion, we established the optimal gonadotropin concentration (i.e., 0.075 IU/ml) to be used for bovine oocyte in vitro maturation studies. These results may provide a guide for clinical stimulation protocols and help to reduce the risks associated with gonadotropin administration during in vitro fertilization treatment.
Statistics Anxiety among African American Graduate Students: An Affective Filter?

The recruitment and retention of African Americans in graduate schools remains a significant problem. Statistics anxiety has been found to be prevalent among graduate students, being implicated both as a barrier to success in quantitative courses and a barrier to completion of theses and dissertations. To date, it is unclear whether African American graduate students experience higher levels of statistics anxiety. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare levels of statistics anxiety between African American and Caucasian American graduate students. A series of t tests revealed that the African American graduate students had higher levels of statistics anxiety than did their Caucasian American counterparts. Recommendations for future research are provided. Also, implications for educators responsible for recruiting and retaining African American graduate students are discussed.
Neural substrates of cognitive capacity limitations

Cognition has a severely limited capacity: Adult humans can retain only about four items “in mind”. This limitation is fundamental to human brain function: Individual capacity is highly correlated with intelligence measures and capacity is reduced in neuropsychiatric diseases. Although human capacity limitations are well studied, their mechanisms have not been investigated at the single-neuron level. Simultaneous recordings from monkey parietal and frontal cortex revealed that visual capacity limitations occurred immediately upon stimulus encoding and in a bottom-up manner. Capacity limitations were found to reflect a dual model of working memory. The left and right halves of visual space had independent capacities and thus are discrete resources. However, within each hemifield, neural information about successfully remembered objects was reduced by adding further objects, indicating that resources are shared. Together, these results suggest visual capacity limitation is due to discrete, slot-like, resources, each containing limited pools of neural information that can be divided among objects.
Observation of Bifurcations and Hysteresis in Nonlinear NbN Superconducting Microwave Resonators

In this paper, we report some extraordinary nonlinear dynamics measured in the resonance curve of NbN superconducting stripline microwave resonators. Among the nonlinearities observed: abrupt bifurcations in the resonance response at relatively low input powers, asymmetric resonances, multiple jumps within the resonance band, resonance frequency drift, frequency hysteresis, hysteresis loops changing direction and critical coupling phenomenon. Weak links in the NbN grain structure are hypothesized as the source of the nonlinearities
Theilerial infection in young bovine calves in Odisha, India

The present study was conducted for a period of twelve months from July 2015 to June 2016 to study the incidence of theileriosis and hemato-biochemical changes in the affected young bovine calves in and around Bhubaneswar. The calves of less than one year age with clinical signs of theileriosis presented/ represented to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex or Department of Veterinary Pathology, C.V. Sc. & A.H. , OUAT were included in the study. Out of 93 suspected cases examined, 83 (89%) were found positive for bovine tropical theileriosis by blood smear examination with presence of intraerythrocytic piroplasms in different shapes like round, oval, coccoid, signet ring, dot, racquet, pear, rod or bacilli indicating high prevalence among calves in Odisha. Distribution of positive cases of theileriosis was more in rainy season (48%) followed by summer (33%) and least in winter season (19%). Most of the positive cases (81/83) were in the crossbred calves. In majority of cases, common clinical signs recorded were anorexia, pyrexia, enlarged prescapular and prefemoral lymph nodes, trembling while standing, pale conjuctival mucus membrane, corneal opacity, haemoglobinuria, nasal discharge, coughing and grinding of teeth. cachexia, diarrhoea. In the present study, all of the blood indices significantly lowered than the average value of apparently healthy calves indicating anaemia. The Hb%, PCV%, TEC, TLC, serum total protein and albumin in affected calves were 8.93gm%, 25.87%, 4.58 million/cc, 6.88 thousands/cc,5.89g/dl, and 2.39g/dl respectively.
Impact of Base Station Antenna Tilt on the Performance of Network MIMO Systems

We study the downlink of a multicell MIMO system where clusters of multi-antenna base stations jointly serve multiple single-antenna users, commonly referred to as a network MIMO system. Most of the previous studies on network MIMO have only considered the azimuth pattern of the antenna, while ignoring the elevation pattern. In this paper, we consider both the azimuth and the elevation patterns and investigate the impact of the elevation angle tuning parameter, denoted as the antenna tilt, on the performance of such systems. Using system simulations, it is shown that the promised performance gains of network MIMO systems over conventional non-coordinated systems, crucially depend on the choice of the right tilt setting including the tilt type, i.e., mechanical or electrical, and the tilt angle. In particular, for tilt angles smaller than the optimum, network MIMO with intra-site coordination performs almost as well as the conventional system; while for tilt angles larger than the optimum, the performance of network MIMO with intra-site is similar to that of network MIMO with inter-site coordination.
Extremity crosstalk protection analysis on twisted cables

An analysis of new protective socks for extremities of twisted pair, from a predesign with numerical aspect and an experimental point of view to an experimental validation, is proposed. The numerical model is built as a succession of uniform transmission lines. Crosstalks between these twisted pair and single wire inside the bundle are measured and computed. In order to save cable from crosstalk impact, a new protection is developed and validated for twisted pairs.
PHOTO-REVERBERATION MAPPING OF A PROTOPLANETARY ACCRETION DISK AROUND A T TAURI STAR

Theoretical models and spectroscopic observations of newborn stars suggest that protoplantary disks have an inner “wall” at a distance set by the disk interaction with the star. Around T Tauri stars, the size of this disk hole is expected to be on a 0.1 au scale that is unresolved by current adaptive optics imaging, though some model-dependent constraints have been obtained by near-infrared interferometry. Here we report the first measurement of the inner disk wall around a solar-mass young stellar object, YLW 16B in the ρ Ophiuchi star-forming region, by detecting the light-travel time of the variable radiation from the stellar surface to the disk. Consistent time lags were detected on two nights, when the time series in H (1.6 μm) and K (2.2 μm) bands were synchronized while the 4.5 μm emission lagged by 74.5 ± 3.2 s. Considering the nearly edge-on geometry of the disk, the inner rim should be 0.084 au from the protostar on average, with an error of order 0.01 au. This size is likely larger than the range of magnetospheric truncations and consistent with an optically and geometrically thick disk front at the dust sublimation radius at ∼1500 K. The widths of the cross-correlation functions between the data in different wavebands place possible new constraints on the geometry of the disk.
Dietary erucic acid therapy for X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy

We investigated the biochemical and clinical efficacy of dietary erucic acid (C22:1) therapy for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). In a double-blind crossover study of patients who were on chronic oleic acid (C18:1) therapy, addition of erucic acid to the diet led to a further reduction in plasma hexacosanoic acid (C26:0) concentration. We treated 12 newly diagnosed ALD patients with a diet enriched with erucic acid and oleic acid for 2 to 19 months. Mean plasma C26:0 concentration decreased to normal by 4 weeks, and the C26:0 composition of plasma sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine became normal by 4 months on therapy. Fatty acid analysis of postmortem tissues from 1 boy treated for 10 months suggested that dietary erucic acid entered the heart, liver, adrenal gland, and brain. Eight patients remained on treatment long enough (mean, 12 ± 3 months) to evaluate their clinical response; 6 of these patients with moderate to advanced disease deteriorated neurologically or showed progression of white matter disease on brain magnetic resonance imaging whereas 2 mildly affected patients remained clinically stable after 10 and 19 months. No adverse effects of the diet occurred. We conclude that dietary erucic acid therapy is effective in lowering plasma C26:0 to normal in ALD patients, and may prevent further demyelination in some mildly affected boys.