Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
"Letztes Halbjahr stand ich zwei" : Zur Akkuratheit selbst berichteter Noten

Zusammenfassung: Padagogisch-psychologische Studien verwenden oft die von Schulern selbst berichteten Noten als Leistungsindikatoren. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die Akkuratheit dieser Selbstangaben uberpruft, indem selbst berichtete Mathematiknoten der letzten Klassenarbeit und des letzten Zeugnisses mit den Lehrerangaben verglichen wurden. Es zeigen sich hohe Korrelationen, allerdings wurden die Noten im Mittel uberschatzt. Die Akkuratheit der Selbsteinschatzung ist praktisch unabhangig von Geschlecht, mathematischem Fahigkeitsselbstkonzept und mathematischer Leistung (erfasst uber Items aus dem TIMSS-Instrumentarium).
A Large-Scale Multidimensional Test of the Effect of Prison Education Programs on Offenders' Behavior

This study examined the prison behavior and postrelease recidivism of more than 14,000 inmates released from Texas prisons in 1991 and 1992. Comparisons were made between participants and nonparticipants in prison education programs on a variety of behavioral outcomes. The findings suggest that these programs may be most effective when intensive efforts are focused on the most educationally disadvantaged prisoners. Implications for correctional education policy and correctional program research are discussed.
Method for measuring the spatial variability of aerosol penetration through respirator filters.

Fibrous filter media are widely used in respirators to remove airborne particulate matter from the inhaled airflow of workers. The N95 half-mask particulate respirator appears to be the most frequently used respirator under the new NIOSH regulation, 42 CFR 84. Considerable spatial variability in light penetration through the fibrous filter medium of an N95 respirator can be seen by visual observation when it is held to the light. This variability is due to the way in which the fibers are manufactured and laid down to form the filter medium. Similar spatial variability is expected in the aerosol penetration through the filters. Therefore, a test method has been developed for measuring the spatial variability in aerosol penetration. The main components of this method are an aerosol generator, a filter test stand with a movable sampling inlet, an aerosol size spectrometer, and an aerosol photometer. Measurements with the filter media of N95 respirators, tested at average filtration velocities corresponding to light, moderate, and heavy work loads, have shown spatial variations in aerosol penetration in excess of 100% relative to the average aerosol penetration for the entire respirator. N95 respirators are required to be at least 95% efficient (i.e., less than 5% penetrating) at the most penetrating particle size, when tested at 85 L/min. Tests with the new method have shown that the aerosol penetration of the most penetrating particles of about 0.1 micron diameter may locally be higher than 5%, while the average aerosol penetration of 0.1 micron particles is less than 5%.
Experiences with developing and implementing a virtual clinic for glaucoma care in an NHS setting

Background This article describes the development of a virtual glaucoma clinic, whereby technicians collect information for remote review by a consultant specialist. Design and Methods This was a hospital-based service evaluation study. Patients suitable for the stable monitoring service (SMS) were low-risk patients with “suspect”, “early”-to-“moderate” glaucoma who were deemed stable by their consultant care team. Three technicians and one health care assistant ran the service. Patients underwent tests in a streamlined manner in a dedicated clinical facility, with virtual review of data by a consultant specialist through an electronic patient record. Main outcome measure Feasibility of developing a novel service within a UK National Health Service setting and improvement of patient journey time within the service were studied. Results Challenges to implementation of virtual clinic include staffing issues and use of information technology. Patient journey time within the SMS averaged 51 minutes, compared with 92 minutes in the glaucoma outpatient department. Patient satisfaction with the new service was high. Conclusion Implementing innovation into existing services of the National Health Service is challenging. However, the virtual clinic showed an improved patient journey time compared with that experienced within the general glaucoma outpatient department. There exists a discrepancy between patient management decisions of reviewers, suggesting that some may be more risk averse than others when managing patients seen within this model. Future work will assess the ability to detect progression of disease in this model compared with the general outpatient model of care.
The cost of visual impairment: purposes, perspectives, and guidance.

The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) Workshop on the Economic Burden of Vision Loss was held on September 17, 2007, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, under the auspices of ARVO and the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness. The workshop’s goal was to develop consensus on the best practices for measuring the burden of vision loss. The meeting was organized around a discussion of papers that had recently been published describing various methods of calculating the burden associated with vision loss. A result of the workshop is the publication of the results of the consensus-building process that was begun at the meeting and continued with correspondence and revisions of the statements regarding consensus after the meeting.
The genotypic inhibitory quotient and the (cumulative) number of mutations predict the response to lopinavir therapy

For 95 protease inhibitor-experienced HIV-1-infected patients, the genotypic inhibitory quotient (GIQ; trough level/number of mutations) was calculated for lopinavir. Three different sets of mutations showed equal predictive value. However, the use of cumulative numbers of mutations for calculation of the GIQ showed significantly better association with the virological response. Furthermore, the predictive value of the GIQ was no different from that of the number of mutations alone.
A comparative study of congestion control algorithms in IPv6 Wireless Sensor Networks

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), congestion can cause a plethora of malfunctions such as packet loss, lower throughput and energy inefficiency, potentially resulting in reduced deployment lifetime and under-performing applications. This has led to several proposals describing congestion control (CC) mechanisms for sensor networks. Furthermore, the WSN research community has made significant efforts towards power saving MAC protocols with Radio Duty Cycling (RDC). However, careful study of previous work reveals that RDC schemes are often neglected during the design and evaluation of congestion control algorithms. In this paper, we argue that the presence (or lack) of RDC can drastically influence the performance of congestion detection. In addition, most WSN CC mechanisms are evaluated under traditional sensor network topologies and protocols (e.g. trickle data dissemination, tree data collection). The emerging IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) and related standards pose a new requirement: we now need to investigate if previous findings regarding congestion control are still applicable. In this context, this paper contributes a comprehensive evaluation of existing congestion detection mechanisms in a simulated, multi-node 6LoWPAN sensor network. We present results from two sets of experiments, differentiated by the presence or lack of RDC.
General Strain Theory and School Bullying

Despite recognition of bullying as a serious school and social problem with negative effects on students’ well-being and safety, and the overlap between aggressive bullying acts and delinquent behavior, few empirical studies test the applicability of criminological theories to explaining bullying. This limitation in research is especially evident in studies of non-Western countries. Using longitudinal data on 2,817 South Korean youth, the current study attempts to fill the gaps by examining whether general strain theory can explain school bullying. As the theory suggests, youth who experience victimization by peers and conflict with parents are more likely to engage in bullying. However, there is limited evidence of the expected interaction effects between strains and conditioning factors. Inconsistent with general strain theory, parental attachment and positive relationships with teachers do not condition the effects of strains, and anger is not a mediating variable. Implications for interventions and for future research are discussed.
Towards a Theory of Collective Emotions

Collective emotions are at the heart of any society and become evident in gatherings, crowds, or responses to widely salient events. However, they remain poorly understood and conceptualized in scientific terms. Here, we provide first steps towards a theory of collective emotions. We first review accounts of the social and cultural embeddedness of emotion that contribute to understanding collective emotions from three broad perspectives: face-to-face encounters, culture and shared knowledge, and identification with a social collective. In discussing their strengths and shortcomings and highlighting areas of conceptual overlap, we translate these views into a number of bottom–up mechanisms that explain collective emotion elicitation on the levels of social cognition, expressive behavior, and social practices.
Working identities? Antagonistic discursive resources and managerial identity

In this article, we analyse the principal antagonistic discourses on which managers in a large UK-based engineering company drew in their efforts to construct versions of their selves. Predicated on an understanding that subjectively construed discursive identities are available to individuals as in-progress narratives that are contingent and fragile, the research contribution we make is threefold. First, we argue that managers may draw on mutually antagonistic discursive resources in authoring conceptions of their selves. Second, we contend that rather than being relatively coherent or completely fluid and fragmented managers' identity narratives may incorporate contrasting positions or antagonisms. Third, we show that managers' identity work constituted a continuing quest to (re)-author their selves as moral beings. Antagonisms in managers' identities, we suggest, may appropriately be analysed as the complex and ambiguous effects of organizationally based disciplinary practices and individuals' discursive responses to them.
Network latency prediction for personal devices: Distance-feature decomposition from 3D sampling

With an increasing popularity of real-time applications, such as live chat and gaming, latency prediction between personal devices including mobile devices becomes an important problem. Traditional approaches recover all-pair latencies in a network from sampled measurements using either Euclidean embedding or matrix factorization. However, these approaches targeting static or mean network latency prediction are insufficient to predict personal device latencies, due to unstable and time-varying network conditions, triangle inequality violation and unknown rank of latency matrices. In this paper, by analyzing latency measurements from the Seattle platform, we propose new methods for both static latency estimation as well as the dynamic estimation problem given 3D latency matrices sampled over time. We propose a distance-feature decomposition algorithm that can decompose latency matrices into a distance component and a network feature component, and further leverage the structured pattern inherent in the 3D sampled data to increase estimation accuracy. Extensive evaluations driven by real-world traces show that our proposed approaches significantly outperform various state-of-the-art latency prediction techniques.
Can You Hear Me Now? Twinship Failure and Chronic Loneliness

This article tracks the course of chronic loneliness from its roots in impoverished regulatory twinship selfobject experiences in infancy to its emergence as a serious health concern, and discusses clinical implications. Incorporating infant research, social psychology, neuropsychology, and cognitive and social neuroscience with contemporary psychoanalytic theory, the paper outlines the function of twinship selfobject experiences in the development of regulatory and other capacities linked to devastating experiences of alienation and isolation. The concept of chronic loneliness is illustrated with abbreviated clinical material.
The Sovereign-Bank Diabolic Loop and Esbies

We propose a simple model of the sovereign-bank diabolic loop, and establish four results. First, the diabolic loop can be avoided by restricting banks domestic sovereign exposures relative to their equity. Second, equity requirements can be lowered if banks only hold senior domestic sovereign debt. Third, such requirements shrink even further if banks only hold the senior tranche of an internationally diversified sovereign portfolio known as ESBies in the euro-area context. Finally, ESBies generate more safe assets than domestic debt tranching alone; and, insofar as the diabolic loop is defused, the junior tranche generated by the securitization is itself risk-free.
The way class works: readings on school, family and the economy

Sociologists have never given up on class. Our production of books and articles has been unrelenting. True, most of our students have turned away. For over 30 years, for our students, gender and race have been sexier social divisions. Political parties of the left have turned away from the language of class. Not so sociologists; although in the sociology of education, which at one time was about little more than social class and education, it seems a long time since there was a new edited book dedicated to class. Lois Weis is seeking to restore class to its rightful position. Few sociologists will need persuading that class remains a fundamental organiser of social experience. However, we need to understand why class has lost its former prominence, even on sociology of education syllabuses. One reason is that by the end of the 1970s the topic looked exhausted – milked dry. All possible explanations of the persistent relationship between children’s social class origins and their attainments in education had been debated – functionalist, Marxist and Weberian. We had explored intra-family and intra-school processes – overt and hidden – and home–school links. What else was there to say? Equally to the point, all efforts to break the link between social class origins and educational outcomes had manifestly failed. Policies supported by the educational intelligentsia, sociologists included, had failed to deliver. In Britain the list of failures included the 1944 Education Act, the comprehensive school, and the battery of ‘compensatory’ initiatives launched in the 1960s and 1970s, associated at that time with the report of the Plowden Committee (Central Advisory Council for Education 1967). This was in a macro-context of the industrial working class disappointing the radical intellectuals and students who had hoped that their alliance would foment revolution or at least genuinely progressive change. Restoring class to its once central position in the sociology of education will depend on there being something new to say, opening up new vistas of change. It has proved possible to reverse the former underachievement of girls. Most of Britain’s ethnic minorities are now over-represented in higher education. It has been possible to change how these particular social divisions work in education. Does this book hold out a similar promise in respect of class? Lois Weis’s book contains 24 chapters. Most are originals, although the authors and the research that they report will be familiar to sociology of education researchers and teachers. Leading figures have been asked to summarise their contributions
Emerging school sport development policy, practice and governance in England: Big Society, autonomy and decentralisation

International interest in developing mass sports participation through systems of school and community sports development has become a growing field of public leisure policy interest. This research paper considers the policy change from School Sport Partnerships to the new 2012 School Games model of networked partnerships to establish characteristics of the changes in governance modes and implications from practice in England. The research project is based on a regional case study drawing upon in-depth, face-to-face interviews with key public policy stakeholders to inform an analysis of change. Initial findings indicate that the emergent networks are characterised by more networked-based mode of governance than previous hierarchical models present under UK New Labour. The study also shows the fragility of a reliance on partnership structures and the potential implications for incongruence in delivering policy outcomes and improving access to physical activity and school sport opportunities.
Urine protein/creatinine ratio as a mortality risk predictor in non-diabetics with normal renal function.

OBJECTIVE Determine the relative mortality in apparently healthy adults with various levels of urinary protein measured by urine protein/creatinine (p/c) ratio. METHOD By use of the Social Security Death Master File, mortality in 2010 was determined for 7.5 million life insurance applicants age 20 to 89 providing urine samples between 1992 and 2006. Relative mortality by Cox regression for bands of p/c ratios was determined using age and sex as covariates and with an age split at 60 after excluding those with hematuria (> 3 red cells/hpf), diabetes, evidence of blood sugar elevation, or eGFR < 60 mL/min. RESULTS After the exclusions noted above, relative mortality increased to 160% beginning at a p/c ratio of 0.11 mg/mg and rose steadily above that value regardless of sex and age. Most of this risk was not explained by a history of hypertension or elevated systolic blood pressure. Albumin testing identified roughly a third of urine samples with elevated p/c ratios as not containing albumin; those cases appeared to be associated with much lower risk as long as the p/c ratio was < or = 1.0 mg/mg. CONCLUSION Low levels of proteinuria identified as urine protein/creatinine ratios of 0.11 mg/mg or higher (much lower than the usual lower cut-off value of 0.21) are associated with substantial excess mortality risk, even after excluding diabetics and those with reduced kidney function or hematuria.
Extracting discriminative concepts for domain adaptation in text mining

One common predictive modeling challenge occurs in text mining problems is that the training data and the operational (testing) data are drawn from different underlying distributions. This poses a great difficulty for many statistical learning methods. However, when the distribution in the source domain and the target domain are not identical but related, there may exist a shared concept space to preserve the relation. Consequently a good feature representation can encode this concept space and minimize the distribution gap. To formalize this intuition, we propose a domain adaptation method that parameterizes this concept space by linear transformation under which we explicitly minimize the distribution difference between the source domain with sufficient labeled data and target domains with only unlabeled data, while at the same time minimizing the empirical loss on the labeled data in the source domain. Another characteristic of our method is its capability for considering multiple classes and their interactions simultaneously. We have conducted extensive experiments on two common text mining problems, namely, information extraction and document classification to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Career Assessment: Holland's Vocational Interests, Personality Characteristics, and Abilities

A two-study design was used to examine the relationship between Holland's vocational interest types, personality characteristics, and abilities. Study 1 consisted of 139 individuals (48 men and 91 women) who participated in a vocational assessment exercise. They completed the Self-Directed Search, the revised NEO Personality Inventory, and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised. Study 2 consisted of 669 men and 206 women employed in the finance industry who completed the SDS, the Myers-Briggs Type Inventory, and a measure of general abilities, the PL-PQ. In both studies conceptually similar vocational interests and personality were found to be empirically related. A weak to moderate relationship was observed between general abilities and Investigative interests and between general abilities and the personality characteristics of Openness to Experience and Intuition. It was concluded that assessment of all three domains of interests, abilities, and personality has several advantages for assisting clients seeking vocational counselling.
Pupil stress and standard assessment tasks (SATs) An update

Abstract This article is a follow-up to another in 2001 which highlighted the risk of stress among children taking the SATs at ages 7 and 11. Using a largely similar sample of schools, it was possible again to identify a small group of children with clear symptoms of stress during the following round of tests. Implications are set out, with some questions about children with special needs and about implementing the principle of mainstream inclusion in an atmosphere of some anxiety over perceived school effectiveness, published SATs data, and league tables.
A Study on the Effectiveness of Hands-on Experiments in Learning Science among Year 4 Students

This study employed a mixed method, comprising of qualitative and quantitative research methods to examine the effectiveness of hands-on experiments in learning Science among twenty two Year 4 students in an international school. The study focused on two important areas which are to evaluate the students’ academic development and to identify students’ intrinsic motivation to learn Science when the subject is taught using hands-on experiments. The findings indicated that a number of students obtained better results as they learnt and remembered better through hands-on experiments. There was generally a higher level of participation and intrinsic motivation shown in the students when they learnt through hands-on experiments. The researchers are of the opinion that Kolb’s experiential theory is very effective when doing the hands-on experiments for it ensures students grasp knowledge taught effectively. It is recommended that further studies on Bruner’s theory of instruction should be carried out to further enhance the effectiveness of learning Science.
Mapping the relationship between international sport and diplomacy

To date, the relationship between diplomacy and international sport has been relatively under-theorized. This paper seeks to redress the deficiency by proposing an analytical taxonomy of the multiple convergences between international sport and diplomacy. The principal analytical distinction to be drawn is between (1) international sport consciously employed by governments as an instrument of diplomacy and (2) international-sport-as-diplomacy, the diplomatic representation, communication and negotiation between non-state actors that take place as a result of ongoing international sporting competition. By increasing understanding of the rôles of sport in diplomacy and diplomacy in sport, the paper seeks to promote the adoption of best practices to facilitate effective use of sport in diplomacy by governments and effective use of diplomacy by international sporting bodies, and to instigate a debate between theorists and practitioners from both realms.