Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental studies on the acetylcholinesterase‐positive nerves in the ovary of the rat

Adrenergic and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)‐positive nerves were studied in the rat ovary four days after various experimental denervation procedures. Ablation of pelvic parasympathetic nerves (pelvic neurectomy [PN]) or abdominal vagotomy (AV) had no obvious affect on the adrenergic or AChE‐positive nerves in the ovary. Section of the mesovarium resulted in the loss of all histochemically demonstrable adrenergic and AChE‐positive nerves. Chemical sympathectomy with 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐HD) resulted in the loss of all histo‐chemically demonstrable adrenergic nerves. A few AChE‐positive nerves remained in the hilar and medullary regions following chemical sympathectomy. When the presumptive parasympathectomy procedures (AV and PN) were combined with chemical sympathectomy, again no adrenergic nerves remained, however a few hilar and medullary AChE‐positive fibers persisted after sympathec‐tomy plus PN, but no AChE‐positive fibers were demonstrable in the AV plus 6‐HD group.
Stardom , Peer-to-peer and the Socially Optimal Distribution of Music

Music industry is “facing the music” now. Big stakeholders try very hard to maintain their positions while other players see opportunities in the advent of peer-to-peer networks. Music, as a kind of representative information good, deserves its economic properties to be examined and made explicit. Using the familiar Hotelling (1929) model of product differentiation, I show that the current music distribution is inefficient and peer-to-peer file-sharing networks may be a solution. Further, I explain why big labels want to prevent the development of peer-to-peer networks and propose a market mechanism that improves the social welfare without endangering the artists’ incentive to create music. JEL Classification: L82
Cellular composition and cytoarchitecture of the adult human subventricular zone: A niche of neural stem cells

The lateral wall of the lateral ventricle in the human brain contains neural stem cells throughout adult life. We conducted a cytoarchitectural and ultrastructural study in complete postmortem brains (n = 7) and in postmortem (n = 42) and intraoperative tissue (n = 43) samples of the lateral walls of the human lateral ventricles. With varying thickness and cell densities, four layers were observed throughout the lateral ventricular wall: a monolayer of ependymal cells (Layer I), a hypocellular gap (Layer II), a ribbon of cells (Layer III) composed of astrocytes, and a transitional zone (Layer IV) into the brain parenchyma. Unlike rodents and nonhuman primates, adult human glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)+ subventricular zone (SVZ) astrocytes are separated from the ependyma by the hypocellular gap. Some astrocytes as well as a few GFAP‐cells in Layer II in the SVZ of the anterior horn and the body of the lateral ventricle appear to proliferate based on proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67 staining. However, compared to rodents, the adult human SVZ appears to be devoid of chain migration or large numbers of newly formed young neurons. It was only in the anterior SVZ that we found examples of elongated Tuj1+ cells with migratory morphology. We provide ultrastructural criteria to identify the different cells types in the human SVZ including three distinct types of astrocytes and a group of displaced ependymal cells between Layers II and III. Ultrastructural analysis of this layer revealed a remarkable network of astrocytic and ependymal processes. This work provides a basic description of the organization of the adult human SVZ. J. Comp. Neurol. 494:415–434, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parametric Hear through Equalization for Augmented Reality Audio

Augmented Reality (AR) audio applications require headphones to be acoustically transparent so that real sounds can pass through unaltered for natural fusion with virtual sounds. In this paper, we consider a multiple source scenario for hear through (HT) equalization (EQ) using closed-back circumaural headsets. AR headset prototype (described in our previous study) is used to capture real sounds from external microphones and compute the directional HT filters using adaptive filtering. This method is best suited for single source scenarios as one best filter corresponding to the estimated source direction is optimally used for HT filtering. In this paper, we propose parametric HT EQ for multiple-source scenarios in time-frequency domain by estimating a sub-band Direction of Arrival (DOA) using neural networks (NN) and selecting the corresponding HT filters from a pre-computed database. Objective analysis using spectral difference (SD) is used to evaluate the performance of different HT EQ filters with open ear scenario used as a reference. Using dummy head measurements with bandlimited pink noise and real source signals, it was found that the proposed integrated system significantly improves the performance over the conventional HT system in multiple source scenarios.
Follow-up after treatment for breast cancer: Practical guide to survivorship care for family physicians.

OBJECTIVE To offer FPs a summary of evidence-based recommendations to guide their follow-up survivorship care of women treated for breast cancer. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE from 2000 to 2016 using the search words breast cancer, survivorship, follow-up care, aftercare, guidelines, and survivorship care plans, with a focus on review of recent guidelines published by national cancer organizations. Evidence ranges from level I to level III. MAIN MESSAGE Survivorship care involves 4 main tasks: surveillance and screening, management of long-term effects, health promotion, and care coordination. Surveillance for recurrence involves only annual mammography, and screening for other cancers should be done according to population guidelines. Management of the long-term effects of cancer and its treatment addresses common issues of pain, fatigue, lymphedema, distress, and medication side effects, as well as longer-term concerns for cardiac and bone health. Health promotion emphasizes the benefits of active lifestyle change in cancer survivors, with an emphasis on physical activity. Survivorship care is enhanced by the involvement of various health professionals and services, and FPs play an important role in care coordination. CONCLUSION Family physicians are increasingly the main providers of follow-up care after breast cancer treatment. Breast cancer should be viewed as a chronic medical condition even in women who remain disease free, and patients benefit from the approach afforded other chronic conditions in primary care.
Commentary: magnetic field exposure and childhood leukaemia--moving the research agenda forward.

Nevertheless, the relationship remains questionable because the risks were observed at exposure levels where biological effects are not assumed to occur. 4 Animal data have mostly been negative and a plausible and reproducible biological mechanism is still lacking. 5 Studies on adult leukaemia in populations with much higher occupational ELF-MF exposures are inconclusive, though a trend towards an increased risk among highly exposed workers has been noted by the International Commission on Non-IonizingRadiationProtection. 3 Thus, there isongoingdebate among scientists as to whether the observed statistical association between incidence of childhood leukaemia and exposure to residential ELF-MF is primarily due to bias. Three main sources of bias have been identified as being potentially important to this field of inquiry: confounding, exposure misclassification, and selection bias. It has previously been shown that confounding due to an unknown, aetiologically relevant correlate of ELF-MF levels (e.g. traffic density) is unlikely to be important in this context. 6,7 Exposure misclassification is likely to be non-differential and is expected to result in an underestimation of the true exposure–response association. 7
Understanding Student Teachers' Behavioural Intention to Use Technology: Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) Validation and Testing

This study sets out to validate and test the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in the context of Malaysian student teachers’ integration of their technology in teaching and learning. To establish factorial validity, data collected from 302 respondents were tested against the TAM using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modelling (SEM) was used for model comparison and hypotheses testing. The goodness-of-fit test of the analysis shows partial support of the applicability of the TAM in a Malaysian context. Overall, the TAM accounted for 37.3% of the variance in intention to use technology among student teachers and of the five hypotheses formulated, four are supported. Perceived usefulness is a significant influence on attitude towards computer use and behavioural intention. Perceived ease of use significantly influences perceived usefulness, and finally, behavioural intention is found to be influenced by attitude towards computer use. The findings of this research contribute to the literature by validating the TAM in the Malaysian context and provide several prominent implications for the research and practice of technology integration development
Senescence determines the fate of activated rat pancreatic stellate cells

In chronic pancreatitis (CP), persistent activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) converts wound healing into a pathological process resulting in organ fibrosis. Here, we have analysed senescence as a novel mechanism involved in the termination of PSC activation and tissue repair. PSC senescence was first studied in vitro by establishing long‐term cultures and by applying chemical triggers, using senescence‐associated β‐Galactosidase (SA β‐Gal) as a surrogate marker. Subsequently, susceptibility of PSC to immune cell‐mediated cytolysis was investigated employing cocultures. Using the model of dibutyltin dichloride‐induced CP in rats, appearance of senescent cells was monitored by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, and correlated with the progression of tissue damage and repair, immune cell infiltration and fibrosis. The results indicated that long‐term culture and exposure of PSC to stressors (doxorubicin, H2O2 and staurosporine) induced senescence. Senescent PSC highly expressed CDKN1A/p21, mdm2 and interleukin (IL)‐6, but displayed low levels of α‐smooth muscle actin. Senescence increased the susceptibility of PSC to cytolysis. In CP, the number of senescent cells correlated with the severity of inflammation and the extension of fibrosis. Areas staining positive for SA β‐Gal overlapped with regions of fibrosis and dense infiltrates of immune cells. Furthermore, a close physical proximity of immune cells and activated PSC was observed. We conclude that inflammation, PSC activation and cellular senescence are timely coupled processes which take place in the same microenvironment of the inflamed pancreas. Lymphocytes may play a dual‐specific role in pancreatic fibrogenesis, triggering both the initiation of wound healing by activating PSC, and its completion by killing senescent stellate cells.
Shirking and Motivations in Firms : Evidence on Attitudes from a New Survey

In a U.S. survey 82.7% of the respondents report that they are very likely to keep an agreement to work hard if they agreed to, even if it was almost impossible for their employer to monitor them. Different motivations are analyzed in the decision to keep an agreement to work hard. Based on mean responses, the rank order in descending importance is: moral motivations, intrinsic motivations, peer-pressure, and positive incentives. Respondents also report that fairness considerations are important and that they are especially likely to keep agreements to do a good job with honest employers. In contrast, negative incentives and firm-pressure are judged to be unimportant. Logit analysis indicates that increases in moral and intrinsic motivations increase the likelihood of keeping agreements to provide effort. The evidence suggests that we need to reexamine a foundational assumption underlying the theory of the firm. JEL Codes: D23, L22 * I thank Janet Barnes-Farrell, Metin Cosgel, Ken Couch, Fe' Delos-Santos, Chase Harrison, Dennis Heffley, Tom Miceli, Steve Miller, Steve Ross, and Kathy Segerson for helpful comments and criticisms. Jingqui Zhu provided skillful research assistance. Financial assistance from the University of Connecticut Research Foundation is gratefully acknowledged.
Phase-type distributions and representations: Some results and open problems for system theory

In this paper we consider phase-type distributions. These distributions correspond to the random hitting time of an absorbing Markov chain. They are used for modelling various random times, in particular, those which appear in manufacturing systems as processing times, times to failure, repair times, etc. The Markovian nature of these distributions allows the use of very efficient matrix based computer methods for performance evaluation. In this paper we give a system theory oriented introduction to phase-type distributions. We concentrate mainly on the representation problem which consists of finding a Markov chain associated with some phase-type distribution. This is a realization problem in the sense of system theory with a lot of links with the classical linear system theory but also with a number of constraints which make the problem harder but more interesting. Indeed this problem has strong connections with the positive realization problem in control theory. The paper recalls known results, gives some new results, and points out the main remaining problems.
Prosperity and Depression : 2002

nesota and the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis for helpful discussions and comments. In particular, I thank Tim Kehoe and Ellen McGrattan for their help. I also thank Martin Weale and Franck Portier for providing some British and French tax information used in this lecture. Thanks also go to Sami Alpanda and James MacGee for research assistance and helpful discussions. This lecture draws heavily on collaborative research with Fumio Hayashi. Science Foundation for financial support. The views expressed herein are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis or the Federal Reserve System.
The earlier the better? Apalutamide for non-metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer

Until very recently, patients with non-metastastic castration resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC, M0CRPC) and rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) despite a low testosterone level on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) were managed either with endocrine manipulations (without a proven survival benefit) or watched with repeated PSA testing. The European Association of Urology guidelines 20181 did not recommend treatment for such patients outside a clinical trial setting. However, 86% of experts at the St Gallen Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference 20152 would have offered patients secondary hormone therapies without any evidence of benefit in randomised controlled trials and in particular without a proven survival benefit or any other clinically meaningful advantage besides a potential PSA reduction. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines listed several such secondary hormonal therapies in particular, for patients with a short PSA-doubling time (PSA-DT). 3 The risk for metastatic disease and death has been shown to increase significantly with a shortening PSA-DT, therefore highlighting an unmet need for the treatment of nmCRPC. The cut-off period has been determined to be 10 months.4 Several considerations must be sort out when focusing on this unmet need; measurable and non-measurable parameters and those that are equally as important to the stakeholders. Treating asymptomatic patients who are non-metastatic on conventional imaging …
A new global router for row-based layout

A global router for row-based layout styles such as sea-of-gates, gate-array, and standard cell circuits is discussed. It is part of the latest version of TimberWolfSC, a placement and routing package for row-based layout. The algorithm outperformed the UTMC Highland system on two standard benchmark circuits. In tests on ten circuits, the global router produced track counts which were an average of 27% lower than those of the previous TimberWolfSC global router. The router is an average of 30 times faster than the previous algorithm. It has been generalized to handle macro blocks on the chip, equivalent sets of pins, single pins (those without an equivalent), and circuits having many or no built-into-the-cell feeds. Indiscriminate over-the-cell routing is also handled. <<ETX>>
Differential effects of clonidine and dexmedetomidine on gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit in the rat.

We have studied the effect of clonidine, dexmedetomidine and morphine on gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit in the rat. In one group, each agonist was injected i.p. in 6-12 male Wistar rats. In another group of rats, yohimbine, naloxone or saline was injected with an agonist. At 30 min, radiolabelled saline 1 ml was infused into the stomach. At 1 h, gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit were calculated by measuring the radioactivity in the gastrointestinal tract. We found that clonidine and dexmedetomidine strongly inhibited gastrointestinal transit (ED50 0.08 and 0.04 mg kg-1, respectively). They also significantly inhibited gastric emptying (P < 0.05), but the effect was weak (95% confidence intervals for difference from saline 8.2-34.9% with clonidine 1 mg kg-1 and 3.4-15.4% with dexmedetomidine 0.03 mg kg-1). Morphine strongly inhibited both gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit (ED50 2.8 and 1.2 mg kg-1, respectively). Yohimbine significantly antagonized the inhibitory effects of clonidine and dexmedetomidine (P < 0.05), whereas naloxone, which significantly antagonized the effect of morphine (P < 0.01), did not antagonize the effect of either of the other agonists.
β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate improves bone properties and attenuates the depression of protein synthesis during a simulated sustained operation.

OBJECTIVES Soldiers lose muscle and bone density during sustained operations. We investigated the impact of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on bone properties, muscle mass, and markers of skeletal muscle regeneration under simulated military sustained operations. METHODS Male mice were divided into four groups (10/group): (1) ALT = ad libitum + trained (1h/d for 3 d/wk); (2) ALTH = ALT + HMB (0.5 g/kg BW/d); (3) C = caloric restricted (-30%) + trained (6h/d, 6d/wk); and (4) CH = C + HMB. Assessments included bone mineral density/content by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, muscle wet weight (quadriceps) and expression of selected genes regulating muscle mass and protein turnover. Analysis of variances were used with significance set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Bone mineral content increased in the ALT group (+16%) and decreased in the C group (-32%). Quadriceps muscle mass was lower in C (-27%) and CH (-19%) compared to ALT and ALTH. Myogenin mRNA expression was higher in C than ALT, ALTH and CH. Protein kinase B (Akt) mRNA expression was higher in both C and CH than ALT and ALTH. Mammalian target of rapamycin expression was higher in CH than ALT and ALTH. Muscle RING-finger protein-1 expression was higher in both C and CH than ALT and ALTH. CONCLUSION HMB intake improved bone properties and attenuated the depression of protein synthesis during a simulated sustained military operation.
Comparison of the Influenza Virus-Specific Effector and Memory B-Cell Responses to Immunization of Children and Adults with Live Attenuated or Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccines

ABSTRACT Cellular immune responses to influenza virus infection and influenza virus vaccination have not been rigorously characterized. We quantified the effector and memory B-cell responses in children and adults after administration of either live attenuated (LAIV) or inactivated (TIV) influenza virus vaccines and compared these to antibody responses. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected at days 0, 7 to 12, and 27 to 42 after immunization of younger children (6 months to 4 years old), older children (5 to 9 years old), and adults. Influenza virus-specific effector immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG circulating antibody-secreting cells (ASC) and stimulated memory B cells were detected using an enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Circulating influenza virus-specific IgG and IgA ASC were detected 7 to 12 days after TIV and after LAIV immunization. Seventy-nine percent or more of adults and older children had demonstrable IgG ASC responses, while IgA ASC responses were detected in 29 to 53% of the subjects. The IgG ASC response rate to LAIV immunization in adults was significantly higher than the response rate measured by standard serum antibody assays (26.3% and 15.8% by neutralization and hemagglutination inhibition assays, respectively). IgG ASC and serum antibody responses were relatively low in the younger children compared to older children and adults. TIV, but not LAIV, significantly increased the percentage of circulating influenza virus-specific memory B cells detected at 27 to 42 days after immunization in children and adults. In conclusion, although both influenza vaccines are effective, we found significant differences in the B-cell and antibody responses elicited after LAIV or TIV immunization in adults and older children and between young children and older age groups.
Relocation and agglomeration of Chinese industry

This paper investigates the spatial concentration of Chinese manufacturing using data collected in both the second and third national industrial censuses. It is found that many of China’s manufacturing industries were highly geographically concentrated in several coastal regions in 1995. A historical comparison of the concentration levels between 1980, 1985 and 1995 suggests that manufacturing industries have become more geographically concentrated following the economic reform. An econometric analysis further supports new economic geography theory and reveals that China appeared to be on the upside of the upside down U curve. D 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: L60; R10; O18
A Fusion Mechanism for Management Decision and Risk Analysis

Abstract This study introduces a fusion mechanism by incorporating a risk metric with two-level data envelopment analysis (two-level DEA) for describing a corporate’s operation status and then constructs a hybrid model that combines rough set theory with artificial fish swarm algorithm (RSAFSA) and fuzzy support vector machine (FSVM) in order to forecast corporate operating performance. The introduced mechanism, supported by real-life cases, can assist both public and private market participants who must allocate their economic resources to suitable places as well as maximize their personnel wealth under anticipated risk exposure.