Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The R book

The high-level language of R is recognized as one of the most powerful and flexible statistical software environments, and is rapidly becoming the standard setting for quantitative analysis, statistics and graphics. R provides free access to unrivalled coverage and cutting-edge applications, enabling the user to apply numerous statistical methods ranging from simple regression to time series or multivariate analysis. Building on the success of the authors bestselling Statistics: An Introduction using R, The R Book is packed with worked examples, providing an all inclusive guide to R, ideal for novice and more accomplished users alike. The book assumes no background in statistics or computing and introduces the advantages of the R environment, detailing its applications in a wide range of disciplines. Provides the first comprehensive reference manual for the R language, including practical guidance and full coverage of the graphics facilities. Introduces all the statistical models covered by R, beginning with simple classical tests such as chi-square and t-test. Proceeds to examine more advance methods, from regression and analysis of variance, through to generalized linear models, generalized mixed models, time series, spatial statistics, multivariate statistics and much more. The R Book is aimed at undergraduates, postgraduates and professionals in science, engineering and medicine. It is also ideal for students and professionals in statistics, economics, geography and the social sciences.
Polymorphism in the sorbin and SH3‐domain‐containing‐1 (SORBS1) gene and the risk of brain infarction in the Japanese population: the Fukuoka Stroke Registry and the Hisayama study

Background and purpose: Sorbin and SH3‐domain‐containing‐1 (SORBS1) is an important adaptor protein in insulin‐signalling pathway, and its genetic polymorphism may regulate the activity of insulin resistance. We investigated the association between the SORBS1 T228A polymorphism and ischaemic stroke.
Effect of adverse environmental conditions and protective clothing on temperature rise in a human body exposed to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields

This study considers the computationally determined thermal profile of a finely discretized, heterogeneous human body model, simulating a radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF‐EMF) worker wearing protective clothing subject to RF‐EMF exposure, and subject to various environmental conditions including high ambient temperature and high humidity, with full thermoregulatory mechanisms in place. How the human body responds in various scenarios was investigated, and the information was used to consider safety limits in current international RF‐EMF safety guidelines and standards. It was found that different environmental conditions had minimal impact on the magnitude of the thermal response due to RF‐EMF exposure, and that the current safety factor of 10 applied in international RF‐EMF safety guidelines and standards for RF‐EMF workers is generally conservative, though it is only narrowly so when workers are subjected to the most adverse environmental conditions. Bioelectromagnetics. 38:356–363, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SIV Infection of Lung Macrophages

HIV-1 depletes CD4+ T cells in the blood, lymphatic tissues, gut and lungs. Here we investigated the relationship between depletion and infection of CD4+ T cells in the lung parenchyma. The lungs of 38 Indian rhesus macaques in early to later stages of SIVmac251 infection were examined, and the numbers of CD4+ T cells and macrophages plus the frequency of SIV RNA+ cells were quantified. We showed that SIV infected macrophages in the lung parenchyma, but only in small numbers except in the setting of interstitial inflammation where large numbers of SIV RNA+ macrophages were detected. However, even in this setting, the number of macrophages was not decreased. By contrast, there were few infected CD4+ T cells in lung parenchyma, but CD4+ T cells were nonetheless depleted by unknown mechanisms. The CD4+ T cells in lung parenchyma were depleted even though they were not productively infected, whereas SIV can infect large numbers of macrophages in the setting of interstitial inflammation without depleting them. These observations point to the need for future investigations into mechanisms of CD4+ T cell depletion at this mucosal site, and into mechanisms by which macrophage populations are maintained despite high levels of infection. The large numbers of SIV RNA+ macrophages in lungs in the setting of interstitial inflammation indicates that lung macrophages can be an important source for SIV persistent infection.
The non-synonymous coding IKr-channel variant KCNH2-K897T is associated with atrial fibrillation: results from a systematic candidate gene-based analysis of KCNH2 (HERG).

AIMS Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent arrhythmia in humans. Rare familial forms exist. Recent evidence indicates a genetic susceptibility to common forms of AF. The alpha-subunit of the myocardial I(Kr)-channel, encoded by the KCNH2 gene, is crucial to ventricular and atrial repolarization. Patients with mutations in KCNH2 present with higher incidence of AF. Common variants in KCNH2 have been shown to modify ventricular repolarization. We intended to investigate, whether such variants may also modulate atrial repolarization and predispose to AF. METHODS AND RESULTS In a two-stage association study we analysed 1207 AF-cases and 2475 controls. In stage I 40 tagSNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) from the KCNH2 genomic region were genotyped in 671 AF-cases and 694 controls. Of five associated variants, the common K897-allele of the KCNH2-K897T variant was replicated in n = 536 independent AF cases and n = 1781 controls in stage II [overall odds ratio 1.25, 95% confidence interval 1.11-1.41, P = 0.00033]. This association remained significant after adjustment for gender and age. CONCLUSION We report a genetic association finding including positive replication between the K897-allele and higher incidence of AF. This provides a molecular correlate for complex genetic predispositions to AF. The consequences of the K897T variant at the atrial level will require further functional investigations.
Artificial Ligament Reconstruction of Sternoclavicular Joint Instability: Report of a Novel Surgical Technique With Early Results

Symptomatic instability of the sternoclavicular (SC) joint is an uncommon problem. The majority of patients respond well to nonoperative measures, although a small number require reconstructive surgery for symptomatic instability, with varying surgical techniques reported in the literature. We report a series of 5 operations (in 4 patients) with chronic SC joint instability treated by reconstruction of SC and costoclavicular ligaments using an artificial ligament weave (LARS: Ligament Augmentation and Reconstruction System). Preoperative and postoperative disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) Scores and Oxford Shoulder Scores were collected to evaluate the outcomes. The patients had a mean age of 20 years (range, 17 to 22 y), with 2 male and 2 female patients. Three of the patients had traumatic dislocation of the SCJ and 1 patient had bilateral symptomatic atraumatic instability. Anterior instability was observed in 4 joints and posterior instability in 1 joint. In all cases, reconstruction was achieved with a 30 mm LARS ligament. Postoperative follow-up was for an average of 29 months (range, 19 to 41 mo). The DASH Score improved from 51.7 points (range, 24.2 to 75.0) preoperatively to 13.7 points (range, 8.3 to 20.8) postoperatively. The Oxford Shoulder Scores improved from 20.6 preoperatively (range, 15 to 32) to 41.8 postoperatively (range, 39 to 47). All patients returned to full activity including competitive sports. In conclusion, stabilization of the SC joint using a LARS ligament with a weave technique is a feasible option for young, active patients with symptomatic SC joint instability after failure of nonoperative treatment.
Cavity perturbation technique of 10 GHz cylindrical resonator for modeling RF/IR sensor radomes/windows

The dielectric properties of candidate materials for radomes or sensor windows on hypersonic vehicles, which can reach temperatures above 1,500◦Celsius when traveling greater than Mach 5, are required. Although there has been recent scientific interest in the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant, little is known for temperatures near 1,500◦Celsius and above. Current research utilizes large laboratory-sized furnaces to achieve these temperatures. This also requires large sample sizes, which are expensive; such expense is greatly multiplied when sweeping through hundreds of materials for research and development. In an effort to reduce these costs, this thesis modeled a 7.0 cm×2.295 cm×1.016 cm rectangular waveguide aperture-coupled to a cylindrical cavity designed to operate at a resonant frequency of 10GHz, and utilized the electromagnetic cavity-perturbation technique to optimize the research of small dielectric disk samples placed within that cavity. The objective was to model the much smaller system, produce an empirical relationship between the cavity resonance and the dielectric constant of the sample, and create a prototype of the design to validate the proof of concept. Such samples could then be laser heated to these very high temperatures. As a result, it was found that a disk of 150μm thickness with a small radius, positioned at the center of the resonant cavity, is a viable geometry to produce the sensitivity required for conducting dielectric measurements as a function of sample temperature.
The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks

Respected science writer Rebecca Skloot unearths the story of the African American woman from Baltimore, Maryland, whose virulent strain of cervical cancer cells were harvested and grown for medical research. Black history, health disparities, and bench science converge in this entertaining, sociopolitical, anthropological account that relates how one poor African American woman changed the field of cancer research, and nobody knew it for 60 years.
Intellectual structure of trust in business and management: a co-citation analysis

In the past few decades, there has been a lot of literature about trust research for business and management. However, few authors have applied co-citation analysis. ,Trust is one of the most discussed issues in management, as it has proved to have an essential role in business operations. In this study, all citation documents are included in Thomson Reuters ISI Web of Knowledge database from 1992 to 2010. ,By using statistics analysis including factor analysis, cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling, researchers identified four domains, including organizational behaviour, strategic alliance, marketing and social capital. Directions for future research are discussed. ,This study is the first to apply co-citation techniques in the fields of trust. Therefore, the major contribution of this study is to provide an intellectual structure and trends within the field of trust from an objective and quantitative perspective.
Association of Inflammatory Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms with Platelet Recovery in Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Patients after the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori

Background: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is associated with the cytokine response and dysregulation of the cytokine network. Gene polymorphisms of proinflammatory cytokines are associated with several diseases including ITP. Recently, the successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori has been reported to improve the platelet counts in some patients with ITP. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between cytokine gene polymorphisms and platelet recovery in ITP patients after the eradication of H. pylori. Materials and Methods: Gastric H. pylori infection was confirmed using a culture method or specific IgG antibodies against H. pylori in the serum. Thirty-six adult H. pylori-positive ITP patients received antibiotic therapy for H. pylori. The response to treatment was defined as complete response (CR) if the platelet count was above 150 × 103/µl and partial response (PR) if the platelet count increased by more than 50 × 103/µl above the pretreatment count. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and polymorphisms in IL-1B (–31, –511), IL-1RN (long or short), TNFA (–308) and TNFB (+252) were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: Of the 36 ITP patients, twenty patients (responders) exhibited a platelet response after successful H. pylori eradication therapy, but the other patients (nonresponders) did not. There were no statistical differences in the frequencies of polymorphisms in IL-1B, IL-1RN and TNFA genes between responders and nonresponders. In contrast, the frequency of responders in ITP patients with the TNFB G/G or G/A genotype was significantly higher (69.6%) than that with the TNFB A/A genotype (30.8%). Conclusion: The TNFB (+252) G/G or G/A genotype may therefore be a good predictor of platelet recovery in ITP patients after the eradication of H. pylori.
Dual Population Balance Monte Carlo Simulation of Particle Synthesis by Flame Spray Pyrolysis

The Dual Population Balance Monte Carlo Method (DPBMC) takes into account the full size spectrum of the droplet and particle phase. Droplet and particle size distributions are rendered by weighted simulation particles. This allows for an accurate description of particle nucleation and coagulation and droplet combustion, simultaneously. Internal droplet properties such as temperature and concentrations fields are used to define criteria for the onset of droplet breakage in the framework of weighted Monte Carlo droplets. We discuss the importance of droplet polydispersity on particle formation in metal oxide particle synthesis, which is shown to strongly affect particle formation and growth. The method is applied to particle synthesis from metal nitrate precursor solutions with flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) and compared to experiments from literature.
Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Activity of Vitex negundo

Reactive oxygen species are implicated in various inflammatory disorders. Vitex negundo is mentioned in Ayurveda as useful in treating arthritic disorders. The present work was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant potential and anti-inflammatory activity of the plant. The total methanol extract of the plant was standardized in terms of total polyphenols. The standardized extract in a dose of 100 mg/kg caused a comparable reduction in edema with that of diclofenac sodium (25 mg/kg) when evaluated for antiinflammatory activity by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema method. The extract also exhibited a strong free radical scavenging activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method and caused a significant reduction in the formation of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances when evaluated for its lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity. The results strongly suggest that radical quenching may be one of the mechanisms responsible for its antiinflammatory activity.
Investigating Achilles and patellar tendinopathy prevalence in elite athletics

ABSTRACT Although injury surveillance in athletics is routinely conducted, discipline-specific Achilles and patellar tendinopathy prevalence remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore discipline-specific tendinopathy prevalence and identify whether injury-specific risk factors differed in athletes. Elite athletes were recruited and provided information on their sport training including Achilles and patellar tendon pain history. In order to ascertain whether between-discipline differences existed, data were categorized into discipline groups. Middle-distance athletes reported the highest prevalence of Achilles tendinopathy and the combined athletes reported the highest patellar tendinopathy prevalence. Greater calf stiffness was reported in athletes who experienced Achilles tendinopathy compared to those who did not. A substantial portion of athletes believed their performance decreased as a result of their tendon pain. In order to develop discipline-specific evidence-based injury prevention programmes, further discipline-specific research is required to quantify the mechanism for Achilles and patellar tendinopathy development in elite athletics.
SPACE-TIME BLOCK CODES (STBC) FOR 4 TRANSMIT ANTENNAS.

In modern wireless communications, numerous diversity techniques are used to improve the performance of signal transmission over multiple channels. This paper focuses primarily on the evaluation of Quasi Orthogonal & Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes (STBC) for a 4x2 system model. The paper proceeds by checking which of these two codes - Orthogonal STBC or Quasi-orthogonal STBC, is better by evaluating relationship between the Symbol Error Rate (SER) and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). Furthermore we shall evaluate the performance of each with respect to their diversity.
Are eGFR equations better than IDMS-traceable serum creatinine in classifying chronic kidney disease?

Abstract Objective: In 2002, a uniform definition of chronic kidney disease (CKD) became widely accepted. The level of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the pivot for staging the disease. Because GFR is not readily measured in routine clinical practice, statistical models such as the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation have been proposed for estimating GFR. The MDRD equation is gaining worldwide acceptance in assisting the diagnosis and staging of CKD. Material and methods: We use theoretical and experimental considerations based on serum creatinine (Scr) measurements obtained with an enzymatic IDMS-traceable assay and compare CKD classifications based on Scr alone with classifications based on the eGFR-MDRD and eGFR-Mayo Clinic equations. Results: Based on recently published reference intervals for enzymatically determined Scr, we show that eGFR-MDRD<60 mL/min/1.73m2 corresponds extremely well with Scr>upper reference limit. The different CKD stages III, IV and V can be redefined using Scr alone, resulting in 97.5% agreement. Conclusion: We show that neither the MDRD study equation nor the Mayo Clinic equation add extra value to the information already contained in Scr itself. Because of the limited applicability of the eGFR equations, Scr has even more potential to assist in the diagnosis and classification of CKD than eGFR-MDRD.
Biomechanical Analysis of the Range of Motion After Placement of a Two-Level Cervical ProDisc-C Versus Hybrid Construct

Study Design. The study design was that of an in vitro human cadaveric biomechanical analysis. Objectives. The objective of this study was the biomechanical analysis of the range of motion (ROM) of a 2-level intact spine control versus total, then operative- and adjacent-segment ROM after (1) 2-level ProDisc-C placement (PP), (2) anterior cervical discectomy and fusions (ACDFs), and (3) hybrid constructs of both. Follower load and multidirectional testing were performed in each instance. Summary of Background Data. With in vivo cervical arthroplasties gaining in popularity, limited biomechanical data are available, which highlight changes in the adjacent-level biomechanics after multilevel procedures. Methods. Biomechanical testing for ROM was performed using 7 cadaveric C4–T1 spine specimens. Moments up to 2 Nm with a 100 N follower load were applied in flexion/extension (F/E), right and left lateral bending (LB), and right and left axial rotation (AR). Specimens were tested in the intact state and then with a combination of ProDisc-C arthroplasty and ACDF at C5–C6 and C6–C7. Results. In the 2-level PP group, the increase in ROM in F/E, LB, and AR of C4–T1 occurs due to an increased ROM at the operative level. The ROM of the level adjacent to the operative levels showed no significant change, except at C4–C5 in LB. For the latter level, the ROM of C4–C5 in each direction showed increases for each parameter. In the 2-level fusion C5–C6 and C6–C7 fusion (FF) group, the ROM in F/E, LB, and AR of C4–T1 was decreased because of a decrease in ROM primarily at the fused levels, and the ROM of adjacent levels was increased. In the ProDisc-C/Fusion (PF) and Fusion/ProDisc-C (FP) groups undergoing placements of a 1-level ProDisc-C/1-level fusion with cage and plate, both groups showed no significant ROM change of C4–T1 when compared with the control and no significant change at adjacent levels, with the exception of C4–C5 in LB. Conclusion. (1) Two-level ACDFs decrease whereas 2-level PPs increase the entire C4–T1 ROM. (2) ACDF/ProDisc-C hybrid operations do not alter the C4–T1 ROM. (3) For the ACDF/ProDisc-C hybrid operative groups, the combined ROM of the operative levels showed no significant difference when compared with that of the intact spine. (4) Regarding adjacent-level ROM, a 2-level ACDF increases ROM, but 2-level ProDisc-C and hybrid ACDF/PPs do not show significant change except for LB at C4–C5. (5) When the segmental distribution of C4–T1 ROM is plotted as the percentage of total motion, it demonstrates that for PF and FP groups, the combined ROM of the C5–C6 and C6–C7 operative levels are similar to that of the intact spine in EF and LB. For the PP group, the combined ROM of the operative levels increased, whereas the combined ROM for the FF group is decreased. The decrease or increase of the adjacent C4–C5 or C7–T1 level ROM compensates for the operative levels.
SURFACE at Syracuse University SURFACE at Syracuse University Provider Type and Depression Treatment Adequacy Provider Type and Depression Treatment Adequacy

We investigate the effect of initial provider (primary care physician, psychiatrist, or non-physician mental health specialist) on the adequacy of subsequent treatment for persons with depression. Our data are from MarketScan ® , a medical and pharmacy insurance claims database, which we use to estimate models of the likelihood of treatment for depression and the likelihood that any treatment received is adequate. Patients initially seeing psychiatrists are most likely to receive adequate treatment. Provider type has a statistically and medically significant effect on whether any treatment occurs but a smaller effect on treatment adequacy among treated patients. The results show the importance of provider type in treatment patterns, but the effects on patient outcomes are yet to be determined definitively.
I NTRUSION D ETECTION IN C OMPUTER N ETWORK USING G ENETIC A LGORITHM A PPROACH : A S URVEY

The intrusion detection problem is becoming a challenging task due to the proliferation of heterogeneous computer networks since the increased connectivity of computer systems gives greater access to outsiders and makes it easier for intruders to avoid identification [1]. Intrusion detection systems are used to detect unauthorized access to a computer system. A number of soft computing based approaches are being used for detecting network intrusions. This paper presents a survey on intrusion detection techniques that use genetic algorithm approach.