Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of education in poverty alleviation and Economic development : a theoretical perspective and counselling implications

Poverty is a major threat to the existence of humanity in modern times especially in the developing world. The millennium development agenda set to reduce poverty by a half by the year 2015 expresses the global commitment to ensuring the living standards of mankind. Education in every sense is one of the fundamental factors of achieving sustainable economic development through investment in human capital. Education fosters self understanding, improves quality of lives and raises people’s productivity and creativity thus promoting entrepreneurship and technological advances. In addition it plays very crucial roles in securing economic and social progress thus improving income distribution which may consequently salvage the people from poverty. This paper is aimed at contextualizing the role of education in advancing economic development and thereby alleviating poverty. The implication for counselling was also highlighted to overhaul the input, process and output processes of the nation education system to reflect the provision of quality education that may assist in building the humans capita and thereby eradicate the poverty of the deserving citizens.
Intranasal Immunization Promotes Th17 Immune Responses1

Th17 cells are a lineage of CD4+ T cells characterized by IL-17 secretion, which plays a crucial role in immune responses against important respiratory pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this study, we demonstrated that intranasal (i.n.) immunization leads per se to Th17-biased immune responses, regardless of the adjuvant used. The activated CD4+ T cells also showed an up-regulated expression of the chemokine receptor CCR6, which is a marker for murine Th17 cells. These results have important implications in the context of optimizing rational vaccine design, since i.n. immunization appears to be the strategy of choice for situations where the induction of a Th17 phenotype would be beneficial.
Central plasticity and dysfunction elicited by aural deprivation in the critical period

The acoustic signal is crucial for animals to obtain information from the surrounding environment. Like other sensory modalities, the central auditory system undergoes adaptive changes (i.e., plasticity) during the developmental stage as well as other stages of life. Owing to its plasticity, auditory centers may be susceptible to various factors, such as medical intervention, variation in ambient acoustic signals and lesion of the peripheral hearing organ. There are critical periods during which auditory centers are vulnerable to abnormal experiences. Particularly in the early postnatal development period, aural inputs are essential for functional maturity of auditory centers. An aural deprivation model, which can be achieved by attenuating or blocking the peripheral acoustic afferent input to the auditory center, is ideal for investigating plastic changes of auditory centers. Generally, auditory plasticity includes structural and functional changes, some of which can be irreversible. Aural deprivation can distort tonotopic maps, disrupt the binaural integration, reorganize the neural network and change the synaptic transmission in the primary auditory cortex or at lower levels of the auditory system. The regulation of specific gene expression and the modified signal pathway may be the deep molecular mechanism of these plastic changes. By studying this model, researchers may explore the pathogenesis of hearing loss and reveal plastic changes of the auditory cortex, facilitating the therapeutic advancement in patients with severe hearing loss. After summarizing developmental features of auditory centers in auditory deprived animals and discussing changes of central auditory remodeling in hearing loss patients, we aim at stressing the significant of an early and well-designed auditory training program for the hearing rehabilitation.
Methods of measuring internal migration.

Migration has been defined as spatial or geographic mobility involving a change of residence between clearly defined georgraphic and administrative areas. This study of internal migration involves several types of migratory moves: 1) rural to urban migration, 2) rural to rural migration, 3) urban to rural migration, 4) urban to urban migration, and 5) interregional migration. This paper reviews the sources of data on internal migration and discusses the methods which have been developed to measure internal migration in the attempt by social scientists to study the various aspects of the phenomenon. Internal migration information may be obtained through responses to direct migration questions in censuses and surveys or indirectly through the analysis of aspects of population data of component areas in successive censuses. The methods used in measuring internal migration are classified into 2 main types: direct and indirect methods. The direct measures are based on data from the following census topics: 1) places of birth, 2) duration of residence, 3) place of last residence, and 4) place of residence at a fixed prior date. The indirect methods of internal migration estimation are classified into 2 broad types: 1) the National Growth Rate Method, and 2) Residual Method comprising the Vital Statistics method and the Survivial Ratio method. The principle of the indirect method is that population increment between and 2 dates for any geographic area is the result of natural increase and net migration. In general, an internal migration rate is the number of internal migratory events divided by the population exposed to the possibility of internal migration. In practice, the population of a given area is used as the base for the calculation of in, out, and net migration rates for the area.
Is the Chinese self‐construal in transition?

The present article investigates the Chinese peoples’ interdependent and independent self‐construals, including how these self‐construals are influenced by socio‐demographic factors such as age, gender, and rural‐urban residence. A modified version of Singelis’ (1994) self construal scale was administered to 237 Chinese respondents’ in an urban and a rural area of Shandong Province, China, and qualitative data (focus group and in‐depth interviews) were collected to enrich the quantitative findings. Our results suggest that the Chinese self‐construal varies across age, gender, and urban‐rural residence, and is also influenced by the changing political, economic, and socio‐cultural context in China. The theoretical and practical implications for the field of intercultural communication are outlined in the discussion section.
Altered Gene Expression Profiles Define Pathways in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines Affected by Celecoxib

It is well established that celecoxib, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and a tested chemopreventive agent, has several COX-2–independent activities. In an attempt to better understand COX-2–independent molecular mechanisms underlying the chemopreventive activity of celecoxib, we did global transcription profiling of celecoxib-treated COX-2–positive and COX-2–deficient colorectal cancer cell lines. Celecoxib treatment resulted in significantly altered expression levels of over 1,000 to 3,000 transcripts in these cell lines, respectively. A pathway/functional analysis of celecoxib-affected transcripts, using Gene Ontology and Biocarta Pathways and exploring biological association networks, revealed that celecoxib modulates expression of numerous genes involved in a variety of cellular processes, including metabolism, cell proliferation, apoptotic signaling, cell cycle check points, lymphocyte activation, and signaling pathways. Among these processes, cell proliferation and apoptotic signaling consistently ranked as the highest-scoring Gene Ontology terms and Biocarta Pathways in both COX-2 expresser and nonexpresser cell lines. Altered expression of many of the genes by celecoxib was confirmed by quantitative PCR and at the protein level by Western blotting. Many novel genes emerged from our analysis of global transcription patterns that were not previously reported to be affected by celecoxib. In the future, in-depth work on selected genes will determine if these genes may serve as potential molecular targets for more effective chemopreventive strategies. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):3051–61)
The Role of the Therapist in Therapeutic Change: Does Therapist Gender Matter?

ABSTRACT Clients are often matched with therapists based on certain criteria. These may include characteristics such as age, race, religion, sexual orientation, and gender. This article reviews the literature on the role of gender matching in therapy. While there is still much to be learned about therapist variables in the change process, gender alone does not appear to influence clinical outcomes directly, except in some cases for adolescents. However, research suggests that other variables may moderate or mediate the impact of gender in the process of therapy, especially when working with couples and families. This article focuses on the field of couples and family therapy and how gender affects the therapy process when there is more than one client in the room.
Queer Genes: Realism, Sexuality and Science

What are ‘gay genes’ and are they real? This article looks at key research into these hypothesized gay genes, made possible, in part, by the Human Genome Project. I argue that the complexity of both genetics and human sexuality demands a truly critical approach: one that takes into account feminist epistemologies of science and queer approaches to the body, while putting into conversation resources from agential realism and critical realism. This approach is able to maintain the agential complexity of genetic materiality, while also critically challenging the seemingly stable relationships between sex, gender and sexuality.
The Nature of Spanish versus English Language Use at Home.

Home language experiences are important for children’s development of language and literacy. However, the home language context is complex, especially for Spanish-speaking children in the United States. A child’s use of Spanish or English likely ranges along a continuum, influenced by preferences of particular people involved, such as parents, siblings, or friends. Moreover, there are likely differences across social contexts represented by the classroom—teachers, educational programs, and economic situations—which could be important to understand. The current article tests confirmatory empirical models for Spanish versus English language use in the homes of 1,115 Spanish-speaking children and how this use relates to home learning activities and kindergarten children’s language and literacy skills. The results show that although overall balance of family language use relates to home language and literacy activities as well as children’s kindergarten language and literacy skills, language use by individual family members is also related to some home learning activities and children’s skills.
The Bond-Stock Mix: A New Insight

This paper studies the impact on the bond-stock mix of the interaction of consumption and bequest motives. We obtain patterns of the bond-stock allocation in terms of investor's wealth, of investor's consumption and wealth related risk aversions as well as investor's investment horizon that result only from the simultaneous consideration of the two motives. To the best of the authors' knowledge, these patterns have not been underlined in the rich literature about the bond-stock mix.
“No Matter What I Do They Still Want Their Family”: Stressors for African American Grandparents and Other Relatives

Grandparents and other relatives increasingly assume the role of primary caregiver to minor children. This study interviewed family members caring for children whose parents were not available due to parental incarceration, other involvement in the criminal justice system, and substance abuse-related issues. Interviews with 25 African American women examined the impact of caregiving including stress and depression. Stress included caregiver issues related to finances, time allocation, care responsibilities, and concerns about the absent parent, as well as issues specific to the children related to school concerns, child behavior, and emotional problems. These stresses were examined along with caregiver depression scores using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, which indicated more depression related to caregiver illnesses, older caregivers, and care for older and a larger number of children. This study suggests that caring for these children is both challenging and stressful, and caregivers are at risk for depression and other mental health concerns. Health and service providers should carefully assess the needs of caregivers when determining the needs of families where children are under care of nonparental relatives. Family-based services are needed that include caregiver supports as well as support for children.
Buffer capacity of 4% succinylated gelatin does not provide any advantages over acidic 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 for acid‐base balance during experimental mixed acidaemia in a porcine model

Background and objective: Four percent gelatine is an alkaline compound due to NH2 groups, whereas 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (HES130) has acidic features. We investigated whether these solutions lead to differences in acid‐base balance in pigs during acidaemia and correction of pH. Methods: Anaesthetized pigs were randomized to HES130 or gelatine infusion (n = 5 per group). Animals received acid infusion (0.4 M solution of lactic acid and HCl diluted in normal saline) and low tidal volume ventilation (6‐7 mL kg−1, PaCO2 of 80‐85 mmHg, pH 7.19‐7.24). Measurements were made before and after induction of acidaemia, before and after correction of pH with haemofiltration (continuous venovenous haemofiltration) and tris‐hydroxymethylaminomethane infusion. We measured parameters describing acid‐base balance according to Stewart's approach, ketone body formation, oxygen delivery, haemodynamics, diuresis and urinary pH. Results: Acid‐base balance did not differ significantly between the groups. In HES130‐treated pigs, the haemodilution‐based drop of haemoglobin (1.4 ± 1.0 g dL−1, median ± SD) was paralleled by an increase in the cardiac output (0.5 ± 0.4 L min−1). Lacking increases in cardiac output, gelatine‐treated pigs demonstrated a reduction in oxygen delivery (149.4 ± 106.0 mL min−1). Tris‐hydroxymethylaminomethane volumes required for pH titration to desired values were significantly higher in the gelatine group (0.7 ± 0.1 mL kg−1 h−1 vs. HES130: 0.5 ± 0.2 mL kg−1 h−1). Conclusion: The buffer capacity of gelatine did not lead to favourable differences in acid‐base balance in comparison to HES130.
Ten-Eleven-Translocation 2 (TET2) negatively regulates homeostasis and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells in mice

The Ten-Eleven-Translocation 2 (TET2) gene encodes a member of TET family enzymes that alters the epigenetic status of DNA by oxidizing 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Somatic loss-of-function mutations of TET2 are frequently observed in patients with diverse myeloid malignancies, including myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. By analyzing mice with targeted disruption of the Tet2 catalytic domain, we show here that Tet2 is a critical regulator of self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Tet2 deficiency led to decreased genomic levels of 5hmC and augmented the size of the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell pool in a cell-autonomous manner. In competitive transplantation assays, Tet2-deficient HSCs were capable of multilineage reconstitution and possessed a competitive advantage over wild-type HSCs, resulting in enhanced hematopoiesis into both lymphoid and myeloid lineages. In vitro, Tet2 deficiency delayed HSC differentiation and skewed development toward the monocyte/macrophage lineage. Our data indicate that Tet2 has a critical role in regulating the expansion and function of HSCs, presumably by controlling 5hmC levels at genes important for the self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of HSCs.
Children's Perceptions of the Behavioral Correlates of Social Acceptance, Rejection, and Neglect in Their Peers

First-grade children were asked to nominate two classmates to each of three social status dimensions (accepted, rejected, and neglected), and then to support their decisions with behavioral referents. The resulting 551 "cues" for children's social status decisions were used to develop a hierarchical categorization system. Statistical analyses showed that children who were liked were believed to participate in play as well as accept others' invitations to play; engage in altruistic and entertaining behaviors; choose topics, or language, for speaking that were viewed positively by their peers; and have good conversational skills. Children who were disliked were said to behave aggressively; refuse invitations to play; exhibit nonnormative behavior and a displeasing demeanor during play; choose topics, or language, for speaking that were not viewed positively by the group; and speak in a displeasing manner. Children who were neglected or ignored by peers were believed to break school rules, perform inefficien.
Progress on Ultraviolet Finiteness of Supergravity

In this lecture we summarize recent calculations pointing to the possible ultraviolet finiteness of N = 8 supergravity in four dimensions. We outline the modern unitarity method, which enables multiloop calculations in this theory and allows us to exploit a remarkable relation between tree-level gravity and gauge-theory amplitudes. We also describe a link between observed cancellations at loop level and improved behavior of tree-level amplitudes under large complex deformations of momenta.
Attitudinal and Normative Beliefs as Antecedents of Female Occupational Choice

Fishbein's model was extended to female occupational choice. Normative beliefs and the attitudinal components of the model, as applied to female career choices, were expected to predict subjects' behavioral intentions better than would attitude alone. Eighty-eight sophomore women filled out and returned field survey questionnaires consisting of scales to measure the necessary components of the model. Additional measures were also taken. The normative beliefs component of the model was found to be the major predictor of behavioral intentions. The attitudinal component was relatively unimportant. Other findings were consistent with the model. Implications of the results are discussed.
Effects of Witness Preparation on Witness Confidence and Nervousness

ABSTRACT One goal of witness preparation is to strengthen witnesses' feelings of self-efficacy about testifying. The current study used mock criminal defendants to examine the impact of witness preparation training on witnesses' confidence in their ability to testify effectively and nervousness about testifying. Defendants testified twice about real-life accusations made against them. Approximately half of the defendants received witness preparation training between their first and second testimony simulations. The remaining defendants received no witness preparation training. Defendants made confidence and nervousness ratings for direct and cross examination both before and after each testimony simulation. Results revealed that participating in witness preparation led to a strengthening in confidence for both direct and cross examination, whereas participating in testimony simulations without training did not lead to a significant strengthening in confidence. Both prepared and unprepared defendants reported reductions in nervousness over time, suggesting that testimony simulations may be an important training technique for reducing witness nervousness.
Glargine safety, diabetes and cancer

Introduction: In 2009, several epidemiological studies suggested a higher frequency of malignancy in insulin glargine-treated patients. A number of follow-up epidemiological population studies as well as two randomized, controlled clinical studies, one a 5000-patient retinopathy study and the other a 12,000-patient cardiovascular outcomes trial (ORIGIN), found no higher frequency of malignancy in glargine-treated patients. Areas covered: We reviewed the existing literature as well as U.S. FDA records to investigate the association of cancer, diabetes, and insulin. There is a 20 – 40% higher incidence of malignancy in type 2 diabetes patients. Certain cancers are more common, including hepatocellular and pancreatic carcinoma, colorectal cancer, renal cancer, and breast and endometrial cancer, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. There are numerous inter-related factors which may promote both diabetes and malignancy, including dietary patterns, obesity, insulin resistance, and alcoholism. Patients who receive insulin treatment are typically older and “sicker” than those who receive oral agents. Expert opinion: It is very difficult to prove causal associations between diabetes and cancer due to the host of confounding factors. The hypothesis that hyperinsulinemia and IGF-1 receptor activation promote cancer is strong, but confounded by the association of hyperinsulinemia with obesity, which separately promotes malignancy. Although statistical techniques to adjust for confounding variables can improve epidemiological comparisons, the lesson of the glargine cancer controversy is that controlled clinical trials are the only means to definitely prove hypotheses.
Word-learning skills of deaf preschoolers: the development of novel mapping and rapid word-learning strategies.

Word-learning skills of 19 deaf/hard-of-hearing preschoolers were assessed by observing their ability to learn new words in two contexts. The first context required the use of a novel mapping strategy (i.e., making the inference that a novel word refers to a novel object) to learn the new words. The second context assessed the ability to learn new words after minimal exposure when reference was explicitly established. The children displayed three levels of word-learning skills. Eleven children learned words in both contexts. Five were able to learn new words rapidly only when reference was explicitly established. Two children did not learn new words rapidly in either context. The latter seven children were followed longitudinally. All children eventually acquired the ability to learn new words in both contexts. The deaf children's word-learning abilities were related to the size of their vocabularies. The present study suggests that word-learning strategies are acquired even when children are severely delayed in their language development and they learn language in an atypical environment.
Random planar graphs with n nodes and a fixed number of edges

Let <i>P</i>(<i>n, m</i>) be the class of simple labelled planar graphs with <i>n</i> nodes and <i>m</i> edges, and let <i>R</i><inf>n,q</inf> be a graph drawn uniformly at random from <i>P</i>(<i>n</i>, [<i>qn</i>]). We show properties that hold with high probability (w.h.p.) for <i>R<inf>n,q</inf></i> when 1 < <i>q</i> < 3. For example, we show that <i>R<inf>n,q</inf></i> contains w.h. p. linearly many nodes of each given degree and linearly many node disjoint copies of each given fixed connected planar graph. Additionally, we show that the probability that <i>R<inf>n,q</inf></i> is connected is bounded away from one by a non-zero constant. As a tool we show that (|<i>P</i>(<i>n</i>, [<i>qn</i>])|/<i>n! </i>)<sup>1/n</sup> tends to a limit as <i>n</i> tends to infinity.