Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic performance of different irrigation methods on chickpea and coriander intercropping in vertisol of Chhattisgarh plains

To study the effective and efficient irrigation methods for realization of higher return and find out the effect of different irrigation methods on yield of chickpea and coriander intercropping system. The experiment was laid out in RBD in five treatments with four replications. The treatments comprised of five different irrigation methods viz. flood irrigation, furrow irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation and control in chickpea-coriander intercropping. The highest yield (11.78 q ha) was recorded in drip irrigation system followed by sprinkler irrigation (10.75 q ha), furrow irrigation (9.93 q ha), flood irrigation (9.86 q ha) and lowest yield found in control (5.22 q ha). The highest benefit cost ratio (2.03) was found in sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation then followed by control (2.02), flood irrigation (1.80), furrow irrigation(1.74) and lowest was found in control (1.10). Water use efficiency was recorded highest in drip irrigation (4.71 kg/ha-mm of water) followed by sprinkler irrigation (4.30 kg/hamm of water), furrow irrigation (3.97 kg/ha-mm of water), flood irrigation (3.94 kg/ha-mm of water) and minimum was recorded under flood control (2.08 kg/ha-mm of water).
Daily methylphenidate administration attenuates c-fos expression in the striatum of prepubertal rats

Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is a psychostimulant drug used to treat children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Despite its widespread and increasing clinical use, little is known about the long-term consequences of drug treatment. We compared the effects of a single injection of methylphenidate with that of long-term methylphenidate injections (one/day; 14 days) on immediate-early gene expression (c-fos) in the striatum of prepubertal male rats. Rats (25 days old) were injected once daily for 14 days with either saline or methylphenidate (1, 2 or 10 mg/kg), or for 13 days with saline followed by one injection of methylphenidate (1, 2 or 10 mg/kg) on day 14, and were sacrificed 2 h post-injection. Methylphenidate dose-dependently increased FOS immunoreactivity in the striatum. A single injection of methylphenidate (2 or 10 mg/kg) on day 14, following saline treatment for 13 days, caused a dramatic elevation in c-fos expression. This effect was significantly attenuated in animals treated chronically with methylphenidate (2 or 10 mg/kg) for the entire 14 days. Our data suggest that repeated methylphenidate treatment, at a clinically relevant dose (2 mg/kg), markedly inhibits immediate-early gene expression in the brain. This is the first demonstration of methylphenidate-induced modification of gene expression in developing rat striatum and may have implications for chronic methylphenidate use in children.
Dual Stenting Using Low-Profile LEO Baby Stents for the Endovascular Management of Challenging Intracranial Aneurysms

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Endovascular treatment of wide-neck, complex, and distally located cerebral aneurysms is a challenging issue. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of dual stent placement by using a low-profile stent system (LEO Baby) for the treatment of challenging distal intracranial aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients in whom at least 1 LEO Baby stent was used in the context of dual stent placement for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Patients who were treated with dual stent-assisted coil embolization and telescopic implantation of LEO Baby stents were included in the study. Clinical and angiographic findings, procedural data, and follow-up are reported. RESULTS: Twelve patients were included in this study. Three patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage in the subacute-chronic phase, and the remaining patients had unruptured aneurysms. Nine patients were treated by using the dual stent-assisted coiling method. X- (nonintersecting), Y- (intersecting and reversible), T-, and parallel-stent configurations were performed for the dual stent-assisted coiling procedures. Three patients were treated by using telescopic stent placement for a flow diverter–like effect. The procedures were successful in all cases. Technical complications without a significant clinical adverse event developed in 2 patients. The 3- and 6-month control MRAs and DSAs demonstrated complete occlusion of the aneurysms in all patients except 1. All patients had good clinical outcomes on follow-up (mRS ≤1). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this small study showed the feasibility of dual stent placement by using low-profile LEO Baby stents to treat distally located complex intracranial aneurysms.
Word-Stimulated Brain Activity and Verbal Responses

After verbal presentation of “stimulus words,” latency and variety of associative response, emotional power, and EEG alpha and amount of beta-one bands energy were analyzed with two test groups (11 Czechoslovakians, 74 French). Emotional power of words measured on the Osgood scale was compared to both the cognitive and the EEG responses. The question as to whether it is the cognitive or the emotional effect which acts first in the electrical brain response was discussed.
Detecting Errors in Part-of-Speech Annotation

We propose a new method for detecting errors in "gold-standard" part-of-speech annotation. The approach locates errors with high precision based on n-grams occurring in the corpus with multiple taggings. Two further techniques, closed-class analysis and finite-state tagging guide patterns, are discussed. The success of the three approaches is illustrated for the Wall Street Journal corpus as part of the Penn Tree-bank.
ASSESSING ADVERTISING BIDS IN GENERALIZED-SECONDARY AUCTIONS FOR IMPROVED SELECTION OF SEARCH ENGINE KEYWORDS

As internet users query search engines, relevant advertisements accompany the search results. Advertisers bid for limited ad spots in a generalized-secondary auction employed by search engines. This paper uses publically-available data from Google to test strategies advertisers may use when deciding where and how much to bid for a keyword phrase. A predictive model of suggested bid price may provide knowledge of when a keyword phrase is too costly to bid on. Alternative strategies are discussed that focus the bidder on customer conversion rate and profitability instead of seeking to maximize click through rate. JEL Classification: D44, M37
Propositional Versus Dual-Process Accounts of Evaluative Conditioning

Evaluative conditioning (EC) is defined as the change in the evaluation of a conditioned stimulus (CS) due to its pairing with a valenced unconditioned stimulus (US). According to propositional accounts, EC effects should be qualified by the relation between the CS and the US. Dual-process accounts suggest that relational information should qualify EC effects on explicit evaluations, whereas implicit evaluations should reflect the frequency of CS–US co-occurrences. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that, when relational information was provided before the encoding of CS–US pairings, it moderated EC effects on explicit, but not implicit, evaluations. In Experiment 3, relational information moderated EC effects on both explicit and implicit evaluations when it was provided simultaneously with CS–US pairings. Frequency of CS–US pairings had no effect on implicit evaluations. Although the results can be reconciled with both propositional and dual-process accounts, they are more parsimoniously explained by propositional accounts.
Target Organ Metabolism, Toxicity, and Mechanisms of Trichloroethylene and Perchloroethylene: Key Similarities, Differences, and Data Gaps

Trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene or tetrachloroethylene (PCE) are high–production volume chemicals with numerous industrial applications. As a consequence of their widespread use, these chemicals are ubiquitous environmental contaminants to which the general population is commonly exposed. It is widely assumed that TCE and PCE are toxicologically similar; both are simple olefins with three (TCE) or four (PCE) chlorines. Nonetheless, despite decades of research on the adverse health effects of TCE or PCE, few studies have directly compared these two toxicants. Although the metabolic pathways are qualitatively similar, quantitative differences in the flux and yield of metabolites exist. Recent human health assessments have uncovered some overlap in target organs that are affected by exposure to TCE or PCE, and divergent species- and sex-specificity with regard to cancer and noncancer hazards. The objective of this minireview is to highlight key similarities, differences, and data gaps in target organ metabolism and mechanism of toxicity. The main anticipated outcome of this review is to encourage research to 1) directly compare the responses to TCE and PCE using more sensitive biochemical techniques and robust statistical comparisons; 2) more closely examine interindividual variability in the relationship between toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics for TCE and PCE; 3) elucidate the effect of coexposure to these two toxicants; and 4) explore new mechanisms for target organ toxicity associated with TCE and/or PCE exposure.
Efficient barycentric point sampling on meshes

We present an easy-to-implement and efficient analytical inversion algorithm for the unbiased random sampling of a set of points on a triangle mesh whose surface density is specified by barycentric interpolation of non-negative per-vertex weights. The correctness of the inversion algorithm is verified via statistical tests, and we show that it is faster on average than rejection sampling.
The union of convex polyhedra in three dimensions

We show that the number of vertices, edges, and faces of the union of k convex polyhedra in 3-space, having a total of n faces, is O(k/sup 3/+knlog/sup 2/ k). This bound is almost tight in the worst case. We also describe a rather simple randomized incremental algorithm for computing the boundary of the union in O(k/sup 3/+knlog/sup 3/ k) expected time. <<ETX>>
DNA Methylation Mediates the Discriminatory Power of Associative Long-Term Memory in Honeybees

Memory is created by several interlinked processes in the brain, some of which require long-term gene regulation. Epigenetic mechanisms are likely candidates for regulating memory-related genes. Among these, DNA methylation is known to be a long lasting genomic mark and may be involved in the establishment of long-term memory. Here we demonstrate that DNA methyltransferases, which induce and maintain DNA methylation, are involved in a particular aspect of associative long-term memory formation in honeybees, but are not required for short-term memory formation. While long-term memory strength itself was not affected by blocking DNA methyltransferases, odor specificity of the memory (memory discriminatory power) was. Conversely, perceptual discriminatory power was normal. These results suggest that different genetic pathways are involved in mediating the strength and discriminatory power of associative odor memories and provide, to our knowledge, the first indication that DNA methyltransferases are involved in stimulus-specific associative long-term memory formation.
Lessons from decompiling an embodied cognitive model

Cognitive models and intelligent agents are becoming more complex and pervasive. It is time again to consider high-level behavior representation languages and development environments that make it easier to create, share, and reuse cognitive models. One of these languages is Herbal, a high-level behavior representation language. Users represent knowledge in Protege, an ontology editor. Herbal compiles this knowledge into cognitive models in Soar, a rule-based cognitive architecture. Herbal includes the ability to automatically link the resulting models to dTank, a simple, distributed tank game co-developed with Herbal. To understand the theoretical implications of the process of compiling cognitive models from high-level descriptions more clearly, we generated by hand the Herbal high-level description of a well-written, medium-sized (50 rule) Soar model that plays dTank. This process is a type of decompilation process, of going from low- to high-level language, that yields lessons for both the compiler and the process of modeling. Many of the constructs in the model were supported by Herbal, particularly elaborations and simple and regular actions. In some cases, Herbal’s representation prevents the user from generating incomplete, incorrect or atheoretical code—we saw hand written code that cannot be generated by Herbal because it is incorrect or overgeneral. This process also highlights problems with Herbal. Certain types of theoretically sound handwritten rules do not yet possess an exact translation to the high-level language (mostly knowledge about which action to chose, and links across known representations). We have several suggestions for constructs to be added. This process of decompilation illustrates how users are creating models and could do so more easily and less error prone with more appropriate languages, in addition to helping develop Herbal, and, if automated, this decompilation process done by hand could lead to a decompilation feature in Herbal to help explain raw Soar code.
Molecular Identification of Cryptosporidium Species from Pet Snakes in Thailand

Cryptosporidium is an important pathogen causing gastrointestinal disease in snakes and is distributed worldwide. The main objectives of this study were to detect and identify Cryptosporidium species in captive snakes from exotic pet shops and snake farms in Thailand. In total, 165 fecal samples were examined from 8 snake species, boa constrictor (Boa constrictor constrictor), corn snake (Elaphe guttata), ball python (Python regius), milk snake (Lampropeltis triangulum), king snake (Lampropeltis getula), rock python (Python sebae), rainbow boa (Epicrates cenchria), and carpet python (Morelia spilota). Cryptosporidium oocysts were examined using the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-modified acid-fast staining and a molecular method based on nested-PCR, PCR-RFLP analysis, and sequencing amplification of the SSU rRNA gene. DMSO-modified acid-fast staining revealed the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in 12 out of 165 (7.3%) samples, whereas PCR produced positive results in 40 (24.2%) samples. Molecular characterization indicated the presence of Cryptosporidium parvum (mouse genotype) as the most common species in 24 samples (60%) from 5 species of snake followed by Cryptosporidium serpentis in 9 samples (22.5%) from 2 species of snake and Cryptosporidium muris in 3 samples (7.5%) from P. regius.
Prevalence of interpersonal trauma exposure and trauma-related disorders in severe mental illness

Background Interpersonal trauma exposure and trauma-related disorders in people with severe mental illness (SMI) are often not recognized in clinical practice. Objective To substantiate the prevalence of interpersonal trauma exposure and trauma-related disorders in people with SMI. Methods We conducted a systematic review of four databases (1980–2010) and then described and analysed 33 studies in terms of primary diagnosis and instruments used to measure trauma exposure and trauma-related disorders. Results Population-weighted mean prevalence rates in SMI were physical abuse 47% (range 25–72%), sexual abuse 37% (range 24–49%), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 30% (range 20–47%). Compared to men, women showed a higher prevalence of sexual abuse in schizophrenia spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, and mixed diagnosis groups labelled as having SMI. Conclusions Prevalence rates of interpersonal trauma and trauma-related disorders were significantly higher in SMI than in the general population. Emotional abuse and neglect, physical neglect, complex PTSD, and dissociative disorders have been scarcely examined in SMI.
Design patterns and framework for WIMP+ user interfaces design

The purpose of my HCI research is to use the Design Patterns approach to establish a framework to support designing WIMP+ User Interfaces. In this paper I will introduce the WIMP+ User Interfaces and the idea to use the Acquisition-Computation-Expression-Execution [6] (ACEE) Design Pattern to build the framework.
Effects of Spectral Characteristics of Ganzfeld Stimuli on the Photopic Negative Response (PhNR) of the ERG.

PURPOSE To determine flash and background colors that best isolate the photopic negative response (PhNR) and maximize its amplitude in the primate ERG. METHODS Photopic full-field flash ERGs were recorded from anesthetized macaque monkeys before and after pharmacologic blockade of Na(+)-dependent spiking activity with tetrodotoxin (TTX, 1 to 2 muM, n = 3), blockade of ionotropic glutamatergic transmission with cis-2,3 piperidine dicarboxylic acid (PDA, 3.3-3.8 mM, n = 3) or laser-induced monocular experimental glaucoma (n = 6), and from six normal human subjects. Photopically matched colored flashes of increasing stimulus strengths were presented on scotopically matched blue, white, or yellow backgrounds of 100 scot cd/m(2) using an LED-based stimulator. RESULTS PhNRs that could be eliminated by TTX or severe experimental glaucoma were present in responses to brief (<5 ms) and long-duration (200 ms) stimuli of all color combinations. In normal monkey and human eyes for brief low-energy flashes, PhNR amplitudes were highest for red flashes on blue backgrounds and blue flashes on yellow backgrounds. For high-energy flashes, amplitudes were more similar for all color combinations. For long-duration stimuli, the PhNR(on) at light onset in monkeys was larger for red and blue stimuli, regardless of background color, than for spectrally broader flashes, except for stimuli >17.7 cd/m(2) when PhNR(on)s were all of similar amplitude. For red flashes, eliminating the PhNR(on) pharmacologically or by glaucoma removed the slowly recovering negative wave that normally followed the transient b-wave and elevated the whole ON response close to the level of the b-wave peak. However, for white, blue, and green flashes, a lower-amplitude plateau that could be removed by PDA remained. CONCLUSIONS For weak to moderate flash strengths, the best stimulus for maximizing PhNR amplitude is one that primarily stimulates one cone type, on a background with minimal adaptive effect on cones. For stronger stimuli, differences in amplitude are smaller. For long-duration stimuli, red best isolates the PhNR(on) because it minimizes the overlapping lower-level plateau that originates from the activity of second-order hyperpolarizing retinal neurons.
Road rules for traffic on DNA—systematic analysis of transcriptional roadblocking in vivo

Genomic DNA is bound by many proteins that could potentially impede elongation of RNA polymerase (RNAP), but the factors determining the magnitude of transcriptional roadblocking in vivo are poorly understood. Through systematic experiments and modeling, we analyse how roadblocking by the lac repressor (LacI) in Escherichia coli cells is controlled by promoter firing rate, the concentration and affinity of the roadblocker protein, the transcription-coupled repair protein Mfd, and promoter–roadblock spacing. Increased readthrough of the roadblock at higher RNAP fluxes requires active dislodgement of LacI by multiple RNAPs. However, this RNAP cooperation effect occurs only for strong promoters because roadblock-paused RNAP is quickly terminated by Mfd. The results are most consistent with a single RNAP also sometimes dislodging LacI, though we cannot exclude the possibility that a single RNAP reads through by waiting for spontaneous LacI dissociation. Reducing the occupancy of the roadblock site by increasing the LacI off-rate (weakening the operator) increased dislodgement strongly, giving a stronger effect on readthrough than decreasing the LacI on-rate (decreasing LacI concentration). Thus, protein binding kinetics can be tuned to maintain site occupation while reducing detrimental roadblocking.
Relationship between Body Mass Index and Tooth Decay in a Population of 3–6-Year-Old Children in Iran

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between BMI and tooth decay in a population of Iranian children. In this cross-sectional descriptive/analytical study, 1482 children were selected from kindergartens and preschool centers in Kerman, Iran. The children underwent examination of deciduous teeth (using the dmft index) after determination of height and weight for calculation of BMI. The relationship between BMI (after adjustment for age) and dmft was determined using Poisson's regression model. The mean of dmft in children with normal BMI was 1.5-fold that in subjects with extra body weight. Age had a significant effect on dmft. In addition, dmft was higher in boys compared to girls. The results of the present study showed that caries rate in the deciduous teeth of 3–6-year-old children decreases with an increase in body weight.
Ratio of CD44 epithelial variant to CD44 hematopoietic variant is a useful prognostic indicator in gastric and colorectal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND The CD44 is a cell adhesion molecule that is present as numerous isoforms created by mRNA alternative splicing. Expression of variant isoforms of CD44 is associated with tumor growth and metastasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether CD44 isoform expression is a prognostic factor in gastric and colorectal cancer. METHODS We performed a polymerase chain reaction analysis following reverse transcriptase treatment for CD44 expression in fresh surgical specimens obtained from 25 colon carcinomas and 30 gastric carcinomas and matched adjacent normal mucosa. We determined the epithelial variant/hematopoietic variant (E/H) ratio (the amount of the CD44 epithelial variant transcript relative to the CD44 hematopoietic variant transcript) in cancer tissues and examined it for correlations with clinicopathological parameters and survival rate. RESULTS The E/H ratio in tumor tissue was significantly higher than that in adjacent non-cancerous mucosa. In gastric and colorectal cancer tissues, there was no significant relationship between E/H ratio and clinicopathological parameters. However, patients who died due to tumor recurrence had a higher E/H ratio than surviving patients with colorectal cancer. In gastric cancer, patients with high E/H tumors had a shorter survival time than those with low E/H tumors. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the E/H ratio is a useful indicator of prognosis in gastric and colorectal carcinoma.
Using maturity assessments to understand the ERP requirements engineering process

Applying standard requirements engineering (RE) processes is a major trend in today's enterprise resource planning (ERP) software engineering. It emerged five years ago with the promise to provide a mechanism helping ERP project organizations deliver their business requirements timely and within budget. This paper looks in depth at a standard ERP RE process and seeks answers to four questions: how well it is defined, what are the risks associated with its application in mature/immature organizations, what are the essential practices that contribute to its success, and what are the costs of the process and the quality of the delivered results. The main motivation of this paper is to provide some practical advice for using assessments to increase project teams' understanding of the ERP RE process.