Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hyperbaric oxygen for the management of radionecrosis of bone and cartilage

Objectives: To review the use of hyperbaric oxygen in the management of radionecrosis of the head and neck. Study Design: A retrospective analysis of patients utilizing chart review and telephone interviews. All patients diagnosed with osteoradionecrosis and chondroradionecrosis of the head and neck and treated with hyperbaric oxygen at the University of Virginia are included. Methods: Demographics, pretreatment data, and precipitating events were recorded. Outcomes were evaluated using a grading scale of symptomatology and physical examination as determined by the patient and physician. Results: Sixteen patients with osteoradionecrosis and five with chondroradionecrosis were reviewed. All patients showed clinical improvement with decreased pain following HBO therapy. None of the patients with chondroradionecrosis required laryngectomies, and two of the four who were tracheotomy dependent were successfully decannulated. The patient and physician grading scores demonstrated moderate to significant improvement in both groups following therapy. Conclusion: The successful use of hyperbaric oxygen for the management of radionecrosis of the head and neck is supported. The unusual prevalence of chondroradionecrosis may be an early reflection of changes in treatment protocols for patients with head and neck cancer. Key Words: Hyperbaric oxygen, osteoradionecrosis, chondroradionecrosis.
Mediator and Moderator Role of Loneliness in the Relationship Between Peer Victimization and Depressive Symptoms

Abstract The goal of this study was to examine the mediator and moderator roles of loneliness in the relationship between peer victimisation and depressive symptoms. The participants of the study were 144 adolescents (66 girls, 78 boys) ranging in age from 11 to 15 years. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to test the relations of peer victimisation to depressive symptoms through the mediating role of loneliness, as well as examining the joint and independent effects of loneliness and victimisation on depressive symptoms. The results of the analysis indicated that loneliness fully mediates the relationship between victimisation and depressive symptoms but loneliness and victimisation independently contribute to depressive symptoms. Results are discussed in light of the related literature.
Predictive Brain Mechanisms in Sound-to-Meaning Mapping during Speech Processing

Spoken language comprehension relies not only on the identification of individual words, but also on the expectations arising from contextual information. A distributed frontotemporal network is known to facilitate the mapping of speech sounds onto their corresponding meanings. However, how prior expectations influence this efficient mapping at the neuroanatomical level, especially in terms of individual words, remains unclear. Using fMRI, we addressed this question in the framework of the dual-stream model by scanning native speakers of Mandarin Chinese, a language highly dependent on context. We found that, within the ventral pathway, the violated expectations elicited stronger activations in the left anterior superior temporal gyrus and the ventral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) for the phonological–semantic prediction of spoken words. Functional connectivity analysis showed that expectations were mediated by both top-down modulation from the left ventral IFG to the anterior temporal regions and enhanced cross-stream integration through strengthened connections between different subregions of the left IFG. By further investigating the dynamic causality within the dual-stream model, we elucidated how the human brain accomplishes sound-to-meaning mapping for words in a predictive manner. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In daily communication via spoken language, one of the core processes is understanding the words being used. Effortless and efficient information exchange via speech relies not only on the identification of individual spoken words, but also on the contextual information giving rise to expected meanings. Despite the accumulating evidence for the bottom-up perception of auditory input, it is still not fully understood how the top-down modulation is achieved in the extensive frontotemporal cortical network. Here, we provide a comprehensive description of the neural substrates underlying sound-to-meaning mapping and demonstrate how the dual-stream model functions in the modulation of expectations, allowing for a better understanding of how the human brain accomplishes sound-to-meaning mapping in a predictive manner.
Dose-Response Effect of Fruit and Vegetables on Insulin Resistance in People at High Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to investigate the dose-response effect of fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake on insulin resistance (IR) in people who are overweight and at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 105 participants (mean age 56 years) followed a 4-week washout diet (one to two portions of F&Vs per day). Ninety-two participants completed the washout and were randomized to receive one to two, four, or seven portions of F&Vs per day for 12 weeks. IR was assessed at the start and end of this 12-week period by the two-step euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. Compliance was monitored using a combination of 4-day food diaries and plasma biomarkers of F&V intake. RESULTS A total of 89 participants completed the study. Participants attained self-reported F&V intakes of 1.8, 3.8, and 7.0 portions per day (P < 0.001) per group. There was a significant linear increase in serum lutein status across the groups, indicating good compliance (P < 0.001), and body weight was maintained (P = 0.77). No significant difference was found between groups in terms of a change in measures of whole-body, peripheral, or hepatic IR or adiponectin multimers. CONCLUSIONS Increased consumption of F&Vs, as advocated in public-health advice, has no effect on IR in overweight individuals who are at high risk of CVD when body weight is maintained. Recent evidence from systematic reviews indicates that particular classes or types of F&Vs may have particular antidiabetic properties; hence, it is possible that benefits may only be observed in response to a more specific fruit or vegetable intervention.
Comment (1) on “Formation of the Isthmus of Panama” by O’Dea et al.

The conclusions of O’Dea et al. on the formation of the Isthmus of Panama are not supported by analysis of the data. A review and reanalysis of geological, molecular, and paleontological data led O’Dea et al. (1) to propose (i) that reports by Montes et al. (2) and Bacon et al. (3) regarding a middle Miocene closure of the Central American Seaway (CAS) are unsupported, and (ii) a new age of the formation of the Isthmus at 2.8 million years ago (Ma). Here, we reject both of these conclusions.
Left-Hemisphere Language Specialization: Consistency in Hand Preference and Sex Differences.

KEE, DANIEL W. ; GOTTFRIED, ALLEN W. ; BATHURST, KAY; and BROWN, KATHLEEN. Left-Hemisphere Language Specialization: Consistency in Hand Preference and Sex Differences. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1987, 58, 718-724. A dual task/time-sharing procedure was used to evaluate left-hemisphere language specialization in right-handed children tested at ages 5 and 6. These children from a longitudinal study had been previously classified as consistent versus nonconsistent in their hand preference measured every 6 months between 18 and 42 months of age. Results showed that both male hand-preference groups demonstrated asymmetric interference in dual task tapping performance indicative of left-hemisphere language specialization. In contrast, only females associated with consistency in hand preference across time showed this asymmetry.
Military CEOS

There is mounting evidence of the influence of personal characteristics of CEOs on corporate outcomes. In this paper we analyze the relation between military service of CEOs and managerial decisions, financial policies, and corporate outcomes. Exploiting exogenous variation in the propensity to serve in the military, we show that military service is associated with conservative corporate policies and ethical behavior. Military CEOs pursue lower corporate investment, are less likely to be involved in corporate fraudulent activity, and perform better during industry downturns. Taken together, our results show that military service has significant explanatory power for managerial decisions and firm outcomes.
The Exxon Valdez and BP Oil Spills

The 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill and the 2010 BP oil spill were the largest and most ecologically damaging releases of oil in North American history. This research provides a comparison of the social and mental health impacts of these two major technological disasters. Random samples of residents of Cordova, Alaska, and south Mobile County, Alabama, were collected 5 months after each event. A standardized indicator of event-related stress was used for both samples. The analysis revealed similarly high levels of initial psychological stress for survivors of both disasters. The strongest predictors of stress were family health concerns, commercial ties to renewable resources, and concern about economic future, economic loss, and exposure to the oil. Drawing on more than 20 years of research on the Exxon Valdez disaster, we discuss implications for residents of Gulf Coast communities.
Differential Associations and Daily Smoking of Adolescents

This article examines whether the importance of parents, siblings, best friends, and romantic interests are sex-specific in predicting daily juvenile smoking. Juveniles who smoke daily are strongly influenced by prosmoking attitudes and behaviors of same-sex family members. However, peers remain the most important associations in predicting daily smoking. An important finding is that juveniles without same-sex family role models, or close peers, are at higher risk. Policy implications for prevention and cessation programs are discussed.
Do we have Room for Shining Eyes and Cows as Comrades ? Gender Perspectives on Organic Farming in Denmark

Starting from a theoretical discussion on the relations between women and nature, the overall aim of the paper is to discuss how the ongoing structural changes in organic agriculture affect the everyday life, roles and positions of professional women in the sector and relate to the construction of gender and identity in organic farming. When organic farming was implemented in Denmark, both women and men were active participants in defining its principles and practises. Hence organic farming has the potential for creating alternative relations and for reviving female values and interests in agriculture. To day however, organic farming has become more commercialised leading to the gradual penetration and dominance of the values and practises of conventional farming. So how sustainable will future organic farming be with respect to gender relations? The paper focuses on the recent development of organic farming and explores some of the dilemmas and prospects related to different discourses of organic farming. The dominating institutionalised discourse primarily aims at reducing or eliminating environmental problems or dilemmas characteristic of conventional farming. This is notably distinct from a more holistic discourse emphasising broader and more emancipatory organic principles and practises. Our view is that most professional women in the organic sector relate to the latter category and hence are in danger of becoming a ‘threatened species’ within the sector. Empirically we have challenged this view by interviewing women on their values, interests and practises within organic farming.
The Role and Work Perceptions of Academic Reference Librarians: A Qualitative Inquiry

This study explores the perceptions that Israeli reference librarians have of their jobs and their academic environment. Fifteen academic reference librarians were interviewed over a period of four months and their answers were analyzed using the thematic analysis approach. The analysis resulted in five major themes: 1) elements in reference work such as its essence, rotation of duties, and changes in the type of questions asked at the reference desk; 2) the skills and personality traits required for work in the reference department; 3) the effects of technological change on reference services; 4) students as information users, and 5) the future of reference work. Findings show that the essence of reference work has not changed despite librarians' expanding roles and the changing nature of the questions asked at the reference desk. Participants believed that reference librarians should be empathetic and patient when dealing with users, and should have excellent teaching and communication skills and the ability to learn new material independently. Participants perceived technological change positively and felt empowered through the adoption of new technologies. They envision future academic reference librarians as guides and counselors who will develop flexible services to fit diverse users.
Modelling Television Viewing Patterns

Abstract The authors set out and estimate a dynamic logit model of viewing behaviour, which relates a channel's share ratings and audience composition to the programme types that it and competing channels are offering. Using the model on U.K. data, they evaluate the likely effects of changes in the programme types offered by current channels on the socioeconomic composition of channel audiences. They also show the impact of a new channel on audience composition, and how the model can be used in strategic programme scheduling.
PowerPoint, habits of mind, and classroom culture

In lecture halls, in secondary school classrooms, during training workshops, and at research conferences, PowerPoint is becoming a preferred method of communicating, presenting, and sharing knowledge. Questions have been raised about the implications of the use of this new medium for knowledge dissemination. It is suggested PowerPoint supports a cognitive and pedagogical style inconsistent with both the development of higher analytical thinking skills and the acquisition of rich narrative and interpretive understanding. This paper examines how PowerPoint invites and seduces educators to reshape knowledge in particular ways, and subsequently how this knowledge is presented to students in the classroom. The particular forms of knowing, relating, and presenting with PowerPoint are decided in part by teacher habituation to the software tool’s default patterns, but also by the very nature of the presentation medium itself.
Variant ataxia-telangiectasia presenting as primary-appearing dystonia in Canadian Mennonites

Objective: To compare the phenotype of primary-appearing dystonia due to variant ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) with that of other dystonia ascertained for genetics research. Methods: Movement disorder specialists examined 20 Canadian Mennonite adult probands with primary-appearing dystonia, as well as relatives in 4 families with parent-child transmission of dystonia. We screened for the exon 43 c.6200 C>A (p. A2067D) ATM mutation and mutations in DYT1 and DYT6. Clinical features of the individuals with dystonia who were harboring ATM mutations were compared with those of individuals without mutations. Result: Genetic analysis revealed a homozygous founder mutation in ATM in 13 members from 3 of the families, and no one harbored DYT6 or DYT1 mutations. Dystonia in ATM families mimicked other forms of early-onset primary torsion dystonia, especially DYT6, with prominent cervical, cranial, and brachial involvement. Mean age at onset was markedly younger in the patients with variant A-T (n = 12) than in patients with other dystonia (n = 23), (12 years vs 40 years, p < 0.05). The patients with A-T were remarkable for the absence of notable cerebellar atrophy on MRI, lack of frank ataxia on examination, and absence of ocular telangiectasias at original presentation, as well as the presence of prominent myoclonus-dystonia in 2 patients. Many also developed malignancies. Conclusion: Ataxia and telangiectasias may not be prominent features of patients with variant A-T treated for dystonia in adulthood, and variant A-T may mimic primary torsion dystonia and myoclonus-dystonia.
Meaning Analysis of Inflected Words

Two hypotheses concerning the meaning analysis of written inflected words were tested: Either analysis is governed by the stem, or the stem and the suffix receive simultaneous semantic analysis. The method involved a new semantic decision (picture-written word matching) paradigm utilizing the spatial information carried by Finnish locative case endings. Results supported the first hypothesis. In contrast to certain claims in the recent morphological processing literature, suffix-related semantic information is secondary to the stem and it becomes available later than stem-related semantic information.
The Development and Validation of the Feedback Orientation Scale (FOS)

The 21st century has been marked by a focus on employee development and continuous learning to engage and retain employees. To stay competitive, organizations must to move away from a one-size-fits-all approach to employee development. Organizations are challenged to understand the unique needs and motivators of each individual. Effectively using performance feedback in a way that addresses individual differences can be a competitive advantage to support engaging work environments. Given the impact of the feedback recipient on the feedback process, it is important to understand individual differences in how people respond to feedback. Feedback orientation, a construct proposed by London and Smither, is an individual’s overall receptivity to feedback. The current research developed and validated a multidimensional measure of feedback orientation. This new instrument will be a valuable tool for researchers and practitioners to better understand individual differences in the feedback process.
Is ADHD a Risk Factor for High School Dropout? A Controlled Study

Objective: This study examined whether ADHD was an independent contributor to grade retention when adjusting for IQ, learning disorders, and social class. Method: Outcome data was from participants in studies at Massachusetts General Hospital (n = 404 ADHD, n = 349 controls) who underwent psychiatric interviews, socioeconomic status measures, and IQ testing. Results: 28% of individuals with ADHD repeated a grade compared with 7% of controls (p < .001). Among participants with ADHD, social class, and IQ were significant predictors of high school dropout or repeated grade. An interaction effect of ADHD and gender was also found with females with ADHD having a higher risk ratio for repeated grade/dropout compared with males with ADHD. Conclusion: Participants with ADHD were significantly more likely to repeat a grade, adjusting for all other variables indicating the critical importance of early identification of ADHD to help mitigate adverse educational outcomes. (J. of Att. Dis. 2016; 20(5) 383-389)
On the importance of trust in interpersonal attraction from attitude similarity

Trust has been identified as a key factor in relationship development and appreciation of group members. However, trust has not been previously considered as a reason for attitude similarity to result in attraction. Thus, in the current research, the authors investigated trust as a key component of attraction based on attitude similarity. Trust was shown to significantly mediate attitude similarity effects on attraction when measured alone (Experiment 1) and alongside positive affect in the participants (Experiment 2A), respect for the partner (Experiment 2B), or inferred partner’s attraction to the participants (Experiment 2C). Trust was also shown to have independent effects on attraction when juxtaposed with all three of the traditional mediators of attitude similarity effects (Experiment 3). Implications of these findings for models of attraction are discussed.
Geographies of Voluntarism: mapping the terrain

In the last decade or so a body of geographical work has begun to emerge that examines, in various ways, the interrelationship between people, place, volunteering and the voluntary sector. Work in this field is spread across a number of geographical subdisciplines, from social, health and development to political geography. As a body of work it is increasingly being referred to as ‘geographies of voluntarism’. Focusing specifically on voluntary activity around health and welfare, this article reviews how geographers have begun to critically engage with issues of voluntary activity and space. It draws out how geographical perspectives on voluntarism are contributing to a wider understanding of how and why disparities in voluntary activity occur and the implications for people and places at a range of spatial scales from the global to the local.
Another Take on the L2 Initial State: Evidence From Comprehension in L2 German

The nature of the initial state in second-language (L2) acquisition is a much debated but still unresolved issue, due in part to the empirical problem of obtaining production data from L2 learners at very early stages in development. In an attempt to circumvent this problem, this article presents evidence from a comprehension-based experiment involving 17 adult English-speaking learners of German at the initial state. The experiment investigates learners' interpretations of ambiguous wh-questions (e.g., Was beisst die Katze? 'What is biting the cat? /What is the cat biting? ') in a picture interpretation task. The results present clear evidence against the Minimal Trees hypothesis (Vainikka and Young-Scholten (1994; 1996a; 1996b)), which proposes that early L2 grammars lack functional categories, while lending support to a Full Transfer position (e.g., Schwartz and Sprouse (1994; 1996)), which holds that the L1 grammar as a whole constitutes the L2 initial state.
(Meta)cognitive beliefs in posttraumatic stress disorder following forced displacement at the end of the Second World War in older adults and their offspring

Introduction The aim of the present study was to investigate (meta)cognitive beliefs related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a sample of individuals displaced as children at the end of the Second World War as well as transgenerational effects of trauma and PTSD on the offspring. Methods Displaced individuals with (n=20) and without PTSD (n=24) and nondisplaced healthy controls (n=11), as well as one of their adult offspring, were assessed with the Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30). Older adults, formerly displaced in childhood, were additionally assessed with the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI). Results Dysfunctional beliefs (MCQ-30, PTCI) were particularly pronounced in formerly displaced individuals with PTSD, but not in the offspring generation. Conclusions The findings suggest that in an aging group of displaced individuals with PTSD dysfunctional beliefs are associated with the disorder. Bias modification may help to attenuate symptomatology. No evidence was found for a transgenerational effect.