Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glycoproteins gE and gI Are Required for Efficient KIF1A-Dependent Anterograde Axonal Transport of Alphaherpesvirus Particles in Neurons

ABSTRACT Alphaherpesviruses, including pseudorabies virus (PRV), spread directionally within the nervous systems of their mammalian hosts. Three viral membrane proteins are required for efficient anterograde-directed spread of infection in neurons, including Us9 and a heterodimer composed of the glycoproteins gE and gI. We previously demonstrated that the kinesin-3 motor KIF1A mediates anterograde-directed transport of viral particles in axons of cultured peripheral nervous system (PNS) neurons. The PRV Us9 protein copurifies with KIF1A, recruiting the motor to transport vesicles, but at least one unidentified additional viral protein is necessary for this interaction. Here we show that gE/gI are required for efficient anterograde transport of viral particles in axons by mediating the interaction between Us9 and KIF1A. In the absence of gE/gI, viral particles containing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged Us9 are assembled in the cell body but are not sorted efficiently into axons. Importantly, we found that gE/gI are necessary for efficient copurification of KIF1A with Us9, especially at early times after infection. We also constructed a PRV recombinant that expresses a functional gE-GFP fusion protein and used affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry to identify gE-interacting proteins. Several viral and host proteins were found to associate with gE-GFP. Importantly, both gI and Us9, but not KIF1A, copurified with gE-GFP. We propose that gE/gI are required for efficient KIF1A-mediated anterograde transport of viral particles because they indirectly facilitate or stabilize the interaction between Us9 and KIF1A.
Living circumstances of children and adults with mental retardation or developmental disabilities in the United States, Canada, England and Wales, and Australia.

The purpose of this article was to collate evidence to describe where people with mental retardation or developmental disabilities live in five developed countries: United States, Canada, England, Wales, and Australia. Family homes are important dwelling places for people with mental retardation. They are the home of the great majority of children with mental retardation and a considerable proportion of adults with mental retardation. The likelihood of placement outside the family home increases with adulthood and progressively as people age. Adults with mental retardation live in a wide variety of settings, with formal residential provision frequently dependent on the arrangements that the authorities responsible for providing service support have chosen to make. There has been a considerable move away from accommodating people in large segregated and geographically isolated institutions in the countries considered. However, the current range of accommodation includes much with a distinctively different character to the homes where other citizens live. Many people still live in larger groups than would be ordinarily found in typical homes and this may necessitate departure from the architectural norm. In all of the countries considered, there has been a recent trend towards small community settings, compatible with typical housing architecture. This appears furthest advanced in the U.S. but is discernible elsewhere. Availability of residential services at a national level varies between 100 and 155 places per 100,000 total population. Regional variation within countries is even greater. In no case is the national availability considered adequate to meet the demand arising from changing need or expectations. MRDD Research Reviews 7:115-121, 2001. (c) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Lipidomics and genomics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveal lineage-specific trends in mycolic acid biosynthesis

Mycolic acids (MAs) are α‐alkyl, β‐hydroxy long‐chain fatty acids found in abundance in the cell envelope of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). MAs form an efficient permeability barrier, modulate host innate immune responses, and are the targets of several anti‐tuberculosis drugs. Using mass spectrometry, we measured the relative abundance of 80 MA species across 36 clinical isolates of MTBC covering four major phylogenetic lineages. We found significant variations in the MA patterns between different MTBC strains and lineages. MA patterns of “ancient” lineages contrasted those from “modern” lineages, with a lower representation of alpha‐mycolates among Lineage 6 strains and an inversion of the methoxy: keto‐mycolates ratio in Lineage 1 strains. By interrogating the whole genome sequences of these MTBC strains, we identified relevant single‐nucleotide polymorphisms that may sustain the lineage‐specific MA patterns. Our results show that the strain genetic background influences MA metabolism and suggests that strain diversity should be considered in the development of new anti‐tuberculosis drugs that target MA synthesis.
Components of Emotional Meaning: A Sourcebook

Components of Emotional Meaning: A Sourcebook Edited by Johnny J. R. Fontaine, Klaus R. Scherer, & Cristina Soriano. Oxford University Press. 2013. £60.00 (hb). 672 pp. ISBN: 9780199592746 Emotions have gradually replaced instincts in human evolution, allowing flexible and varied responses in a
Darinaparsin Is a Multivalent Chemotherapeutic Which Induces Incomplete Stress Response with Disruption of Microtubules and Shh Signaling

Chemotherapeutics and other pharmaceuticals are common sources of cellular stress. Darinaparsin (ZIO-101) is a novel organic arsenical under evaluation as a cancer chemotherapeutic, but the drug's precise mechanism of action is unclear. Stress granule formation is an important cellular stress response, but the mechanisms of formation, maintenance, and dispersal of RNA-containing granules are not fully understood. During stress, small, diffuse granules initially form throughout the cytoplasm. These granules then coalesce near the nucleus into larger granules that disperse once the cellular stress is removed. Complete stress granule formation is dependent upon microtubules. Human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells, pre-treated with nocodazole for microtubule depolymerization, formed only small, diffuse stress granules upon sodium arsenite treatment. Darinaparsin, as a single agent, also induced the formation of small, diffuse stress granules, an effect similar to that of the combination of nocodazole with sodium arsenite. Darinaparsin inhibited the polymerization of microtubules both in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, upon removal of darinaparsin, the small, diffuse stress granules completed formation with coalescence in the perinuclear region prior to disassembly. These results indicate that RNA stress granules must complete formation prior to disassembly, and completion of stress granule formation is dependent upon microtubules. Finally, treatment of cells with darinaparsin led to a reduction in Sonic hedgehog (Shh) stimulated activation of Gli1 and a loss of primary cilia. Therefore, darinaparsin represents a unique multivalent chemotherapeutic acting on stress induction, microtubule polymerization, and Shh signaling.
Sense of place and forest science: Toward a program of quantitative research : Sense of place

Sense of place is rich in theory, but quantitative research approaches often fail to reflect this richness. This schism between theory and application not only impedes the development of theory, but also the ultimate utility of the concept for integration into resource management planning. Here, several fundamental points in sense of place theory that can readily be translated into testable hypotheses are identified, as are suggestions for how they may be reformulated into hypothesis language. Sense of place is composed of descriptive and evaluative components that are a function of landscape attributes, experience with the landscape. In turn, any of these elements may affect place-related behaviors.
Individual Differences in Visual Word Recognition: Insights from the English Lexicon Project

Empirical work and models of visual word recognition have traditionally focused on group-level performance. Despite the emphasis on the prototypical reader, there is clear evidence that variation in reading skill modulates word recognition performance. In the present study, we examined differences among individuals who contributed to the English Lexicon Project (http://elexicon.wustl.edu), an online behavioral database containing nearly 4 million word recognition (speeded pronunciation and lexical decision) trials from over 1,200 participants. We observed considerable within-and between-session reliability across distinct sets of items, in terms of overall mean response time (RT), RT distributional characteristics, diffusion model parameters (Ratcliff, Gomez, & McKoon, 2004), and sensitivity to underlying lexical dimensions. This indicates reliably detectable individual differences in word recognition performance. In addition, higher vocabulary knowledge was associated with faster, more accurate word recognition performance, attenuated sensitivity to stimuli characteristics, and more efficient accumulation of information. Finally, in contrast to suggestions in the literature, we did not find evidence that individuals were trading-off their utilization of lexical and nonlexical information. How do people recognize visually presented words? The ability to read is one of the towering achievements of human civilization and cognition, with word recognition being a focus of inquiry since Cattell's (1886) pioneering work. Insights from this field have informed a host of domains, including reading acquisition (e. Although converging procedures have been developed to study the processes underlying word recognition, the tasks most often used to study isolated word recognition are speeded pronunciation and lexical decision. In speeded pronunciation, words (and sometimes , nonwords, e.g., flirp) are presented, and participants have to read these aloud. In lexical decision, participants discriminate between words and nonwords, typically with a button press. Using these tasks to provide a window into the processes involved in accessing and using lexical representations (Seidenberg, 1990), researchers have identified many properties of words that influence word recognition speed and accuracy. For example, more commonly encountered words (e.g., world) are recognized faster than less common words (e.g., glitch); this is known as the word-frequency effect. Similarly, words with relatively few syllables (Ferrand & New, 2003) and letters (New, Ferrand, Pallier, & Brysbaert, 2006) tend to be recognized faster and more accurately. Words also differ with respect to the number of orthographic neighbors (Coltheart, Davelaar, Jonasson, & Besner, 1977) they possess where orthographic neighbors refer to the number of words one can produce by changing a single letter in the target word …
Exploring the Link between Recurrent Acts of Childhood and Adolescent Animal Cruelty and Subsequent Violent Crime

Studies demonstrating the potential link between childhood and adolescent acts of animal cruelty and later interpersonal violence toward humans remain ambiguous. Unfortunately, most of the research examining this possible link has failed to investigate repeated acts of animal cruelty or recurrent acts of violence toward humans. Using a sample of 261 inmates surveyed at medium and maximum security prisons in a southem state, this article examines how demographic attributes, childhood and adolescent characteristics, and repeated acts of cruelty toward animals impacted recurrent acts of interpersonal violence during adulthood. Respondents who had more siblings and who had committed repeated acts of animal cruelty were more likely to have engaged in recurrent acts of interpersonal violence, showing a possible link between recurrent acts of childhood and adolescent animal cruelty and subsequent violent crime.
High-Quality Early-Time Light Curves of GRB 060206: Implications for Gamma-Ray Burst Environments and Energetics

The 2 m robotic Liverpool Telescope (LT) reacted promptly to the high-redshift (z = 4.048) gamma-ray burst GRB 060206. The afterglow was identified automatically, and the multicolor r'i'z' imaging program was triggered without human intervention. Combining our data with those obtained from later follow-ups provides a well-sampled optical light curve from 5 minutes to more than 2days after the gamma event. The light curve is highly structured, with at least three bumps evident in the first 75 minutes, including a major rebrightening (Δr′ ≈ -1.6 at t ≈ 3000 s), interpreted as late energy injection. At early time (t ≈ 440 s), we find evidence for fast (Δtrest < 4 s ≪ t) variability, indicating ongoing internal-engine activity. We emphasize that a low-redshift GRB (z < 1) with similar intrinsic properties would have been interpreted completely differently, due to undersampling of the light curve in the rest frame at early times; the light-curve behavior of GRB 060206 should therefore not be considered peculiar. Finally, although the observed late-time steepening of the optical light curve resembles a jet break if taken in isolation, the lack of a corresponding change in the X-ray slope rules out a jet-break interpretation. Traditionally, GRB jet breaks have been inferred from optical data in the absence of simultaneous X-ray data. We therefore suggest that current estimates of the jet-opening angle distribution might be biased by events like GRB 060206. Consequently, the GRB explosion energy distribution and event rates may have to be revised.
Completeness properties of function rings in pointfree topology

This note establishes that the familiar internal characterizations of the Tychonoff spaces whose rings of continuous real-valued functions are complete, or $\sigma$-comp\-lete, as lattice ordered rings already hold in the larger setting of pointfree topology. In addition, we prove the corresponding results for rings of integer-valued functions.
Motivation for Customer Complaining and Non-Complaining Behaviour Towards Mobile Telecommunication Services

The study examines customer's motivation for complaining and non-complaining behaviour towards mobile telecommunication services. The study was a cross-sectional survey involving customers from four mobile telephony operators. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data and it was analysed using SPSS (version 16.0). The findings are that the highest rated motive for complaining is seeking corrective actions, followed by seeking explanation, seeking remedy or redress, seeking apology, expression of emotion or anger and the least motive is seeking compensation or damages. The study also found that, for the reasons for non-complaining, the highest ranked is where it is too late to complain, followed by the perception that nothing will be done about the problem if complained and the least non-complaining motive is fear to complain. Moreover, it was found that age and marital status significantly influence complaining behaviour. Uniquely, the study found rational approach to complaining behaviour in the research context and presents a categorization of factors inducing non-complaining motives. Implications and limitations are discussed. This study contributes to the body of knowledge in the area of consumer complaining behaviour in the context of telephony industry in developing economies.
Majorization of invariant measures for orientation-reversing maps

Abstract Let the invariant probability measures for an orientation-reversing weakly expanding map of the interval [0,1] be partially ordered by majorization. The minimal elements of the resulting poset are shown to be convex combinations of Dirac measures supported on two adjacent fixed points. A consequence is that if f:[0,1]→ℝ is strictly convex, then either its minimizing measure is unique and is a Dirac measure on a fixed point, or f has precisely two ergodic minimizing measures, namely Dirac measures on two adjacent fixed points. In the case where {0,1} is a period-two orbit, with corresponding invariant measure μ01, the maximal elements of the poset are shown to be convex combinations of μ01 with the Dirac measure on either the leftmost, or the rightmost, fixed point. This facilitates the identification of f-maximizing measures when f:[0,1]→ℝ is convex.
Does academic work make Australian academics happy

Happiness research is a rapidly-growing area in social psychology and has emphasised the link between happiness and workplace productivity and creativity for knowledge workers. Recent articles in this journal have raised concerns about the level of happiness and engagement of Australian academics with their work, however there is little research on the activities Australian academics conduct during a typical day and how these activities affect happiness or productivity. We asked teaching and research academics at a regional Australian university to keep time diaries of their days detailing the tasks they engaged in as well as how they felt overall about their day in terms of both emotional satisfaction and workplace effectiveness. Supporting the notion of intrinsic motivation for academic work, we found a strong relationship between happiness and self-reported effectiveness. We found that research activities made academics happier with their days and that time fragmentation was a major driver of unhappiness. However we also uncovered a tension between the activities which make academics happy and those activities which made academics feel productive.
Interleukin 37 Expression Inhibits STAT3 to Suppress the Proliferation and Invasion of Human Cervical Cancer Cells

Objectives: The most recently discovered cytokine interleukin 37 (IL-37) received growing attention. Its function on tumor is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the biological function of IL-37 on cervical cancer (CC). Materials and methods: HPV+ Hela cells and HPV- C33A cells were used. RT-qPCR was performed to detect the transcription of IL-37, STAT3, TNF-αand IL-1β. Western blotting was used for protein detection. CCK-8 assay and transwell assay were employed for cell proliferation and invasion detection, respectively. Results: Successful gene transfection of IL-37 suppressed the proliferation and invasion of CC. Interestingly, IL-37 showed higher anticancer ability in HPV+ Hela cells than that in HPV- C33A cells. Then, the molecular mechanism of IL-37 anticancer was explored. Firstly, we found that IL-37 inhibited STAT3 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. IL-37 also down regulated the phosphorylation of STAT3. Secondly, blockage of STAT3 using siRNAs reduced significantly the ability of IL-37 to suppress cell proliferation and invasion. Thirdly, STAT3 knockdown reduced markedly the inhibition of IL-37 on the transcription of tumor-derived TNF-α and IL-1β, indicating the contribution of STAT3 for the cancer associated antiinflammation of IL-37. Finally, STAT3 up regulation restored the ability of cell proliferation, cell invasion and the expression of inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β. Conclusions: IL-37 suppressed cell proliferation and invasion of CC and STAT3 is involved in this process. Thus, IL-37 emerges as a new anticancer cytokine for CC. This study demonstrated a new biological function of IL-37 and offered a potential molecule for CC treatment.
The Uneven Rate of the Molecular Evolution of Gene Sequences of DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase I of the Genus Lamium L

RNA polymerase type I (plastid-encoded polymerase, PEP) is one of the key chloroplast enzymes. However, the rpo genes that encode its subunits (rpoA, rpoB, rpoC1 and rpoC2) are relatively rapidly evolving sequences. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of the molecular evolution of rpo genes and to evaluate them as phylogenetic markers on the example of the genus Lamium L. (Lamiaceae). The analyzed genes were shown to differ in the level of variation, rate of intragenic mutations, phylogenetic informativeness, and in the impact of these mutations on the properties of encoded peptides. Destabilizing effects of the positive pressure were observed in all genes examined coding for PEP enzyme. We have demonstrated the relationship between mutations fixed by positive selection and the separation of phylogenetic lines within the genus Lamium. The study showed also that the rpo genes were reliable phylogenetic markers, useful in the reconstruction of interconnections of species belonging to the same genus. Of the four tested genes, the most promising phylogenetic marker was rpoA gene, while the least useful gene appeared to be rpoC1.
Declines in suicidal ideation in adolescents being treated in early intervention service

The aim of the present study was to investigate how levels of suicidal ideation changed during treatment in an early intervention service. One hundred and thirty adolescents from an early intervention and detection team in southern Finland were assessed before and after treatment. The proportion of participants endorsing suicidal ideation declined significantly between baseline and follow up, and this was unrelated to medication. Results suggest that the early intervention service may be beneficial in reducing suicidal feelings in young people at risk of psychosis. However, the lack of a control group means that caution should be taken in linking the decline to the treatment itself.
Examining the S factor in US states

I analyzed the S factor in US states by compiling a dataset of 25 diverse socioeconomic indicators. Results show that Washington DC is a strong outlier, but if it is excluded, then the S factor correlated strongly with state IQ at . 75. Ethnoracial demographics of the states are related to the state's IQ and S in the expected order (White>Hispanic>Black). Introduction and data sources
Incarceration of the small intestine by the epiploic foramen in fifteen horses.

In 15 horses with acute abdominal disease, a diagnosis of incarceration of small intestine through the epiploic foramen was made, either at the time of exploratory celiotomy or at necropsy.The horses exhibited signs of moderate to severe abdominal pain and were suffering from hypovolaemic and/or endotoxic shock. Nasogastric intubation produced either gas or fluid, the pH of which was in the range of 5 to 7.2, indicating reflux of small intestinal content into the stomach. Consistent physical findings included absence of gut sounds on auscultation, dilated small intestine palpable on rectal examination, and serosanguineous or xanthochromic fluid from abdominal paracentesis.A ventral midline laparotomy was performed on 11 horses. The incarcerated bowel, which involved the distal jejunum and ileum in 14 horses and jejunum in one horse, varied in length from 26 cm to 13 meters. Reduction of the incarceration was accomplished by gentle traction of the efferent and/or afferent intestine. Infarcted segments of the small intestine were exteriorized, resected, and an end-to-end jejunal anastomosis or an end-to-side jejunocecal anastomosis was performed. A successful postoperative recovery was achieved in three horses.