Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of Free Radical Scavenging, Antioxidative DNA Damage Activities and Phytochemical Components of Active Fractions from Lansium domesticum Corr. Fruit

Lansium domesticum Corr. or “long-kong” is one of the most popular fruits in Thailand. Its peel (skin, SK) and seeds (SD) become waste unless recycled or applied for use. This study was undertaken to determine the bioactivity and phytochemical components of L. domesticum (LD) skin and seed extracts. Following various extraction and fractionation procedures, 12 fractions were obtained. All fractions were tested for antioxidant capacity against O2−• and OH•. It was found that the peel of L. domesticum fruits exhibited higher O2−• and OH• scavenging activity than seeds. High potential antioxidant activity was found in two fractions of 50% ethanol extract of peel followed by ethyl acetate (EA) fractionation (LDSK50-EA) and its aqueous phase (LDSK50-H2O). Therefore, these two active fractions were selected for further studies on their antioxidative activity against DNA damage by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in human TK6 cells using comet assay. The comet results revealed DNA-protective activity of both LDSK50-EA and LDSK50-H2O fractions when TK6 human lymphoblast cells were pre-treated at 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL for 24 h prior to H2O2 exposure. The phytochemical analysis illustrated the presence of phenolic substances, mainly scopoletin, rutin, and chlorogenic acid, in these two active fractions. This study generates new information on the biological activity of L. domesticum. It will promote and strengthen the utilization of L. domesticum by-products.
Characterization of Amide Bond Conformers for a Novel Heterocyclic Template of N-acylhydrazone Derivatives

Herein we describe NMR experiments and structural modifications of 4-methyl-2-phenylpyrimidine-N-acylhydrazone compounds (aryl-NAH) in order to discover if duplication of some signals in their 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra was related to a mixture of imine double bond stereoisomers (E/Z) or CO-NH bond conformers (syn and anti-periplanar). NMR data from NOEdiff, 2D-NOESY and 1H-NMR spectra at different temperatures, and also the synthesis of isopropylidene hydrazone revealed the nature of duplicated signals of a 4-methyl-2-phenylpyrimidine-N-acylhydrazone derivative as a mixture of two conformers in solution. Further we investigated the stereoelectronic influence of substituents at the ortho position on the pyrimidine ring with respect to the carbonyl group, as well as the electronic effects of pyrimidine by changing it to phenyl. The conformer equilibrium was attributed to the decoplanarization of the aromatic ring and carbonyl group (generated by an ortho-alkyl group) and/or the electron withdrawing character of the pyrimidine ring. Both effects increased the rotational barrier of the C-N amide bond, as verified by the ΔG≠ values calculated from dynamic NMR. As far as we know, it is the first description of aryl-NAH compounds presenting two CO-NH bond- related conformations.
The role of salient beliefs in graduates’ intention to apply

Orientation: Organisations compete fiercely to recruit the best graduates, because they consider them a rich source of future talent. In the recruitment literature, it has become increasingly important to understand the factors that influence graduate applicant intentions. Research purpose: Drawing on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), we tested a model proposing that applicant intention is a function of their attitude towards applying, beliefs about referent other’s expectations (subjective norms) and perceived behavioural control with respect to this behaviour. Motivation for the study: The study was motivated by the need to shed light on graduate applicants’ decisions to apply to an organisation of their choice. Research approach, design and method: The study used a quantitative design to test hypotheses that attitudes towards behaviour, norms and control beliefs would influence intention to apply. We surveyed prospective job seekers ( N = 854) studying at a South African university about their beliefs regarding the job application process. Main findings: Structural equation modelling showed reasonable fit of the proposed model to the survey data. Latent variable analysis demonstrated that perceived behavioural control and subjective norm explained intention to apply. With the combination of all three variables, only attitude towards applying did not play a significant role in the prediction of intention to apply, which is contrary to previous research. Practical/managerial implications: The findings highlight the role of salient control beliefs in the application process. Efforts by universities and organisations to affect intentions to apply may potentially benefit from focusing on support services that could enhance feelings of control and minimise perceived obstacles. Recruiters could focus on control to increase potential recruitment pools. Contribution/value-add: The study contributes to the recruitment literature in three ways. Firstly, TPB is shown to be a useful framework to explain graduate applicants’ intention to apply, as this theoretical model found empirical support. In doing so, the present study advances our understanding of how graduates’ intentions to apply are formed. Secondly, the results showed that applicants’ control and normative beliefs dominate when considering applying. Lastly, the study results open up interesting avenues for future research on applicant intentions.
Learning Bayesian Networks from Incomplete Data

Much of the current research in learning Bayesian Networks fails to effectively deal with missing data. Most of the methods assume that the data is complete, or make the data complete using fairly ad-hoc methods; other methods do deal with missing data but learn only the conditional probabilities, assuming that the structure is known. We present a principled approach to learn both the Bayesian network structure as well as the conditional probabilities from incomplete data. The proposed algorithm is an iterative method that uses a combination of Expectation-Maximization (EM) and Imputation techniques. Results are presented on synthetic data sets which show that the performance of the new algorithm is much better than ad-hoc methods for handling missing data.
A Study of Regional Autoregulation in the Cerebral Circulation to Increased Perfusion Pressure in Normocapnia and Hypercapnia

Catheterization of Labbé's vein and of a pial branch of the middle cerebral artery has been performed on anesthetized baboons. Closure of the skull has enabled the reaction of the venous outflow from Labbé's vein to be monitored in response to pressure step increases in the pial arterial pressure induced by gas compression of a perfusion mixture connected to the arterial line. Rapid changes in cerebrovascular resistance with swift emergence of regulatory constancy have been shown, and the time characteristics of the resistance changes strongly suggest that they are primarily myogenic in origin. Induction of hypercapnia did not interfere with this autoregulatory mechanism to increased perfusion pressure, which indeed appeared to be more effective at raised arterial PCO2, but the mechanism was abolished by the induction of ischemia from middle cerebral occlusion.
Modelling the effects of trade on women, at work and at home: comparative perspectives

The effects of trade on women vary by socio-economic characteristics, sector and country. This paper assesses how well such effects can be captured by a gendered social accounting matrix (SAM) and computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The model is applied comparatively to Bangladesh and Zambia to highlight how differences in resource endowments, labour market characteristics and socio-cultural norms shape the way in which trade expansion affects gender inequalities. The paper also compares simulation results to other approaches in the gender-and-economics literature, discusses strengths and limitations of the CGE methodology, and provides suggestions for further research.
Attention as sigma-pi controlled ACh-based feedback

We analyse experimental data on attention to indicate that any attention feedback control signals to lower order cortical sites will lead to a quadratic sigma-pi form of output in its dependence on the lower-order input and the feedback signal. The manner by which this structure works is shown by a brief simulation. We then discuss how such a structure could arise from the action of diffuse acetylcholine signals from the NBM, especially involving nicotinic receptors. We deduce certain structural regularities which should be expected both at local-and at micro-circuit level, mainly in cortical layer V (the output layer).
The Multi-dimensional Analysis of Social Exclusion

The purpose of this project was to review existing sources on multi-dimensional disadvantage or severe forms of social exclusion characterised as ‘deep exclusion’; to recommend possibilities for secondary analysis of existing data sets to explore the dynamics of ‘deep exclusion’; to identify any relevant gaps in the knowledge base; and to recommend research strategies for filling such gaps.
The Relationship between Spiritual Well-Being and Academic Achievement

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual well-being and academic achievement among students. Among 18,465 statistical populations, 320 people were selected by Morgan Table with the stratified random sampling method. This research method was descriptive correlational and spiritual well-being questionnaire was used by using face validity and Cronbach's alpha reliability. The results showed that the mean of the spiritual well-being of the students is not satisfactory. There is a significant and positive relation between spiritual well-being and academic achievement of students of economics, management and humanities. But, there is no significant relationship between spiritual well-being and academic achievement of students of engineering and basic sciences and art and architecture. On the other hand, a significant relationship was observed between spiritual well-being and academic achievement of students of economics and management, humanities, engineering, basic sciences and students of art and architecture.
Nutritive and non-nutritive blood flow: rest and exercise.

There is growing evidence to support the notion of two vascular routes within, or closely associated with skeletal muscle. One route is in intimate contact with muscle cells (hence is known as 'nutritive') and the other functions as a vascular shunt (and has had the interesting misnomer of 'non-nutritive'). Recent findings suggest that the 'non-nutritive' route may, in part, be those vessels in closely associated (interlacing? ) connective tissue that nourishes attached fat cells, and may form the basis of 'marbling' of muscle in obesity. In addition, embolism studies using various size microspheres indicate that the 'non-nutritive' vessels are likely to be capillaries fed by terminal arterioles that branch from the same transverse arterioles as those supplying terminal arterioles of the muscle capillaries (i.e. two vascular systems operating in parallel). The proportion of flow distributed between the two routes is tightly regulated and controls muscle metabolism and contraction by regulating hormone and substrate delivery as well as product removal. Because a high proportion of nutritive flow may elevate the set point for basal metabolism, a low proportion of nutritive flow in muscle at rest confers an evolutionary advantage, particularly when food is scarce. In addition, the proportion of flow that is carried by the non-nutritive routes at rest affords a flow reserve that can be switched to the nutritive route to amplify nutrient supply during exercise. Alternatively the non-nutritive route may allow flow to escape when active muscle contraction compresses its nutritive capillaries. Thus rhythmic oscillation of blood flow between the non-nutritive and nutritive networks may aid the muscle pump.
Optimal Haplotype Block-free Selection of Tagging Snps for Genome-wide Association Studies

It is widely hoped that the study of sequence variation in the human genome will provide a means of elucidating the genetic component of complex diseases and variable drug responses. A major stumbling block to the successful design and execution of genome-wide disease association studies using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and linkage disequilibrium is the enormous number of SNPs in the human genome. This results in unacceptably high costs for exhaustive genotyping and presents a challenging problem of statistical inference. Here, we present a new method for optimally selecting minimum informative subsets of SNPs, also known as " tagging " SNPs, that is efficient for genome-wide selection. We contrast this method to published methods including haplotype block tagging, that is, grouping SNPs into segments of low haplotype diversity and typing a subset of the SNPs that can discriminate all common haplotypes within the blocks. Because our method does not rely on a predefined haplotype block structure and makes use of the weaker correlations that occur across neighboring blocks, it can be effectively applied across chromosomal regions with both high and low local linkage disequilibrium. We show that the number of tagging SNPs selected is substantially smaller than previously reported using block-based approaches and that selecting tagging SNPs optimally can result in a two-to threefold savings over selecting random SNPs. In anticipation of cost-effective SNP genotyping technologies and the availability of databases of a large number of candidate SNPs, many investigators are seriously considering genome-wide SNP scans with the hope of performing hypothesis-free disease association studies as opposed to hypothesis-driven candidate gene or region studies. Although the cost of SNP genotyping may be rapidly decreasing, it is still infeasible to genotype all available SNPs across the human genome. In this paper we examine the challenging problem of choosing an optimal or " minimal informative subset " of SNPs to be used in such a study. The end objective is to be able to identify DNA sequence variation within human populations that is associated with elevated risk of disease or adverse drug reaction caused by linkage disequilibrium (LD) with a causative variant. Challenges for this approach are the many unknowns regarding the nature of common or complex disease. We do not know how many genes influence the susceptibility to a given disease and their type of interaction or what the frequency of the causative alleles is; nor do we know the magnitude of …
Impact of Prior

The objective of this study was to investigate whether the prior use of a novel androgen receptor-axis-targeted (ARAT) agent with or without subsequent taxane therapy could affect the efficacy of another ARAT agent in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). This study included a total of 302 patients with mCRPC, who were treated with abiraterone acetate and/or enzalutamide. These 302 patients were classified into the following 3 groups: group A, 173 received an ARAT agent without the prior use of another ARAT agent; group B, 102 sequentially received ARAT agents without any treatment between the 2 agents; group C, 27 sequentially received ARAT agents, with taxane therapy between the 2 ARAT agents. The response rate to the ARAT agent in group A (63.6%) was significantly higher than those to the ARAT agent introduced late-line in groups B and C (20.6% and 29.6%, respectively). In addition, prostate-specific antigen progression-free survival during the ARAT therapy in group A was significantly superior to those during the ARAT therapy conducted late-line in groups B and C. Multivariate analyses of several parameters identified the prior use of an ARAT agent, but not the administration of taxane between the ARAT therapies, as one of the independent predictors of prostate-specific antigen progression-free survival. Cross-resistance between ARAT agents may be a common phenomenon in patients with mCRPC, irrespective of the introduction of taxane between the ARAT therapies. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Abiraterone acetate; Cross-resistance; Docetaxel; Enzalutamide; Progression-free survival PMID: 27522450 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc. 2016.07. 005 [PubMed as supplied by publisher] Format: Abstract 1 2 3 2 Author information Full text links Impact of Prior Use of an Androgen Receptor-Axis-Targeted (ARAT). https://www.ncbi. nlm.nih. gov/pubmed/27522450? dopt=Abstract 1 di 2 20/10/2016 07.30
An Empirical Study of Practitioners' Perspectives on Green Software Engineering

The energy consumption of software is an increasing concern as the use of mobile applications, embedded systems, and data center-based services expands. While research in green software engineering is correspondingly increasing, little is known about the current practices and perspectives of software engineers in the field. This paper describes the first empirical study of how practitioners think about energy when they write requirements, design, construct, test, and maintain their software. We report findings from a quantitative,targeted survey of 464 practitioners from ABB, Google, IBM, and Microsoft, which was motivated by and supported with qualitative data from 18 in-depth interviews with Microsoft employees. The major findings and implications from the collected data contextualize existing green software engineering research and suggest directions for researchers aiming to develop strategies and tools to help practitioners improve the energy usage of their applications.
El uso de estrategias comunicativas entre hablantes avanzados de español

espanolEste articulo presenta los resultados de un estudio del uso de las estrategias de comunicacion entre estudiantes de espanol de nivel avanzado. Los hablantes se dividen en tres grupos segun el contexto en el que aprendieron el espanol como lengua extranjera o segunda lengua: el aula, la inmersion en un pais hispanohablante, o la familia. El estudio atiende al uso de las estrategias de comunicacion clasificadas de acuerdo con su origen (primera o segunda lengua), el nivel de interaccion con el interlocutor (directas o de interaccion), y el proceso cognitivo subyacente (analiticas o de control.) EnglishThis article presents the results of a study of the use of communication strategies among advanced-level students of Spanish. The speakers are classified in three groups based on their learning context: the classroom, immersion in a Spanish-speaking country, or their family. The study looks at the use of strategies classified attending to their origin (first or second language), the kind of interaction with the interlocutor (interactional or direct), and the underlying cognitive process involved (analytical or control.)
Experience of a Single Team of Operators in 891 Diagnostic Funipunctures

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of diagnostic funipuncture. Methods: Between October 1985 and November 1993, fetal circulation was accessed 891 times in 828 pregnancies. The technique was similar to that described in earlier studies. We did not make more than two attempts at the procedure in any session. Each procedure was recorded prospectively in a computerized data base. Data included information about indications, laboratory indices, gestational age, number of successful and failed punctures, duration of fetal bradycardia, duration of bleeding, ultrasonographic findings, follow-up of pregnancies, and perinatal outcome. Results: The most frequent indication was rapid karyotyping (48.9%), followed by risk of congenital infection (38.6%). The success rate of the method was high (98.6%). Most samples (97%) were pure fetal blood, undiluted by amniotic fluid. Transient bleeding was observed from the cord puncture site in 9.8% of the procedures. Transient fetal bradycardia was noted in 7% of the procedures. Sixty-three percent of prolonged bradycardia occurred in growth-retarded or congenitally malformed fetuses. Seven fetal and neonatal deaths (five pregnancies) occurred within 1 week after the funipuncture; the funipuncture indication was rapid karyotyping in four of these cases. Conclusion: Funipuncture performed by operators trained in ultrasonic needle guidance is a safe and reliable procedure.
Blocking IL1β Pathway Following Paclitaxel Chemotherapy Slightly Inhibits Primary Tumor Growth but Promotes Spontaneous Metastasis

Acquired resistance to therapy is a major obstacle in clinical oncology, and little is known about the contributing mechanisms of the host response to therapy. Here, we show that the proinflammatory cytokine IL1β is overexpressed in response to paclitaxel chemotherapy in macrophages, subsequently promoting the invasive properties of malignant cells. In accordance, blocking IL1β, or its receptor, using either genetic or pharmacologic approach, results in slight retardation of primary tumor growth; however, it accelerates metastasis spread. Tumors from mice treated with combined therapy of paclitaxel and the IL1 receptor antagonist anakinra exhibit increased number of M2 macrophages and vessel leakiness when compared with paclitaxel monotherapy-treated mice, indicating a prometastatic role of M2 macrophages in the IL1β-deprived microenvironment. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the dual effects of blocking the IL1 pathway on tumor growth. Accordingly, treatments using “add-on” drugs to conventional therapy should be investigated in appropriate tumor models consisting of primary tumors and their metastases. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(6); 1385–94. ©2015 AACR.
Energy balance and its components: implications for body weight regulation.

A fundamental principle of nutrition and metabolism is that body weight change is associated with an imbalance between the energy content of food eaten and energy expended by the body to maintain life and to perform physical work. Such an energy balance framework is a potentially powerful tool for investigating the regulation of body weight. However, we need a better understanding of the components of energy balance and their interactions over various time scales to explain the natural history of conditions such as obesity and to estimate the magnitude and potential success of therapeutic interventions. Therefore, the ASN and the International Life Sciences Institute convened a panel composed of members with expertise in weight management, energy metabolism, physical activity, and behavior to review the published scientific literature and to hear presentations from other experts in these fields. The Consensus Panel met 9–12 May 2011 in Chicago, IL, and was charged to provide answers to the following 5 questions: Explain energy balance and imbalance in terms of a biological system in which energy intake and energy expenditure change over time in response to the environment. What are the interactions between the components of energy balance and how are they regulated? What is the veracity of some of the popular beliefs related to energy balance? What limitations do we face in the study of energy balance and its components? What research would better inform our knowledge of energy balance and its components?