Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individuals Whom the Youth in Central Africa Would like to Resemble

Personality is assumed to represent successive and multiple identifications and from this perspective adolescence is seen as a sensitive period in the process of developing the self and the search for personal ideal. In this quest for identity, an adolescent will be inspired by various individuals' and heroes' activities which are culturally bound. To perceive identification models of the Brazzaville youth we asked in French 453 secondary school pupils (231 girls and 222 boys) whom do you want to resemble? Why? Two age-groups were distinguished among the subjects: 11-16 yr. : 110 girls, 112 boys and 17-21 yr. : 121 girls, 110 boys. They were enrolled in 10 different forms of four lyckes (modern high schools) in Brazzaville. The pupils' choices were mainly limited to persons in their entourage (parents: 42%, friends: 10%) and to individuals of the professional level, with the presupposition of future prospects (37%). There was a miscellaneous group (12%) of sportsmen and musicians (cited almost only by girls) and moviestars and TV stars, cultural, scientific, religious and political personalities (cited almost only by boys). Only in the miscellaneous group were there significant differences (p < 0.01) between boys and girls, differences which may point to the greater autonomy of boys than girls. One also noted that determinations of future occupation were more pronounced among the older subjects (50%) than among the younger ones (23%). The impact of the immediate surround~ngs was more important to the younger subjects. We further note that in the category of persons in the immediate environment, girls chose more male models (43%) than boys chose female models (14%). perhaps because the social starus of the males was higher. Moscly (40%) the justification of the subjecrs' choice of a family member was a feeling of gratitude, which was evident in similar investigation in a West African context (Vandewiele, 1980). The subjects remembered the worries and concerns they caused their parents and the help and advice the parents gave to them. Finally concerning the chosen individuals of professional level we observed that most aspirations were restricted to the category of physicians, teachers, and engineers and that boys seemed more ambitious than girls.
Recommendations of transgender students, staff, and faculty in the USA for improving college campuses†

Research indicates that transgender individuals frequently experience marginalisation and interpersonal victimisation within college and university settings. Missing from the literature is a discussion of what can be done to address such patterns in higher education, based upon empirical data gathered from transgender and gender non-conforming students, staff, and faculty. The present study aimed to fill this gap by reporting on solutions offered by a sample of 30 individuals in one US state while integrating a lens of intersectionality. Five resulting themes include (a) offer education, campus programming, and support for trans individuals; (b) improve university systems and procedures for recording one's name and gender; (c) encourage greater inclusivity and recruitment of diverse groups; (d) make physical changes to facilities; and (e) hold people accountable. These findings suggest institutional actions and policy changes for higher education administrators and others committed to improving campuses for transgender and gender non-conforming people.
Prisons as Social Determinants of Hepatitis C Virus and Tuberculosis Infections

Effects of place or neighborhood—locations where individuals reside, shop, recreate, and work—have been widely studied as sources of environmental influences on individual behaviors, exposures, and physiology, as well as reference points for public health interventions. However, despite modern prisons' strong influence on the transmission and clinical outcomes of infectious diseases, custodial authorities and public health officials in many countries have yet to implement credible interventions to minimize the adverse impacts prison settings exert on the epidemiology of communicable diseases—particularly with respect to inmates. Among many vulnerable populations, prisons are evolving as one of the social institutions that determine their health status and health outcomes. This article highlights the effects of prisons in mediating the risk of hepatitis C virus and tuberculosis infections, as well as feasible interventions and policy approaches for limiting the deleterious consequences prisons exert on the transmission and clinical courses of these diseases.
Balanced Tone-evoked Synaptic Excitation and Inhibition in Mouse Auditory Cortex Experimental Procedures Physiological Procedures Article in Press

—The recent characterization of excitatory and in-hibitory synaptic receptive fields in rat auditory cortex laid the basis for further investigation of the roles of synaptic excitation and inhibition in cortical computation and plasticity. The mouse is an increasingly important model system because of the wide range of genetic tools available for it. Here we present the first in vivo whole-cell voltage-clamp measurements of synaptic excitation and inhibition in the mouse cortex. We find that a substantial population of auditory cortical neurons receives balanced synaptic excitation and inhibition, whose amplitude ratios and relative time courses remain approximately constant across tone frequency. We conclude that the synaptic mechanisms underlying tone-evoked auditory cortical responses in mice closely resemble those in rats, supporting the mouse as a suitable model for synaptic processing in auditory cortex. Cortical computation is created by precise patterns of syn-aptic excitation and inhibition. These inputs sculpt sensory receptive fields, and are modulated to achieve cortical states appropriate to different behavioral contexts (Hensch and Fagiolini, 2004; Wang, 2008). Beginning with its decisive role in initiating the critical period, the proper regulation of excitation and inhibition continues to be crucial for adaptive, long-lasting, experience-dependent plastic changes throughout development and adulthood (Hensch, 2005; Hofer et al., 2006). Because these phenomena are well-established in auditory cortex, the neural circuitry of the auditory cortex may provide a framework for their common understanding (Weinberger, 2004; Ohl and Scheich, 2005). Fundamental properties of auditory cortical receptive fields have been used to demonstrate the impact of environmental influences, behaviorally relevant sensory stimuli , and neuromodulators such as acetylcholine in models of dysfunction and its remediation (Zhang et al.aptic excitation and inhibition have distinctive roles in these models. In early development, environmental noise not only delays critical period closing, but also reduces the number of inhibitory neurons (de Villers-Sidani et al., 2008). In adult rats, tone-evoked synaptic excitation and inhibition were recently shown by in vivo whole-cell measurements to be typically 'balanced', with approximately constant amplitude ratios and time courses across different stimuli (Wehr and Zador, 2003; Zhang et al., 2003). Interestingly, this balance of excitation and inhibition is perturbed after acoustic trauma (Scholl and Wehr, 2008) and during cholinergic plasticity (Froemke et al., 2007). Powerful genetic tools can be deployed to investigate these models if the key phenomena are established in the mouse (Luo et al., 2008). For example, the characterization of visual cortical plasticity in the mouse …
Self-Concept in Survivors of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer

This article describes a comparison of the self-concept of 62 children ages 6-18 years who had completed treatment for childhood cancer and 120 healthy children. The children's global as well as specific self-concepts were analyzed. Global self-concept was found to be similar and within normal limits in both groups. However, overall, the cancer survivors reported more positive feelings about global self-concept than did the comparison group, and they received higher scores on five of six self-concept subscales. Furthermore, children in the survivor group reported feeling significantly better than the comparison group did about the self-concept aspects of their intellectual and school status, behavior, and overall happiness and satisfaction. The cancer self-concept profile that emerged from this study contributes to the recent literature on the normalcy and healthy psychological status of children who have a chronic illness. The profile also illuminates problems that are specific to the cancer experience a.
Predictors of Work-Family Conflict and Satisfaction with Family, Job, Career, and Life

Predictors of work family conflict and different types of satisfaction were investigated among 177 married, employed MBA and public administration students. Job involvement was signifitcantly related to work-to-family conflict but no support was found for paths to family-to-work conflict. Family involvement predicted family satisfaction whereas the number of children was negatively related to family satisfaction. Similarly, job involvement predicted job and career satisfaction. Salary predicted both job and career satisfaction as well. Sex was directly related to life satisfaction, with men reporting significantly higher satisfaction than women. Family, job, and career satisfaction each accounted for significant, unique variation in life satisfaction. Implications of these findings and suggestions for additional research were discussed.
The information practices of Business PhD students

Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to investigate how PhD students discover, choose and use information and literature for their research. Design/methodology/approach – Eight PhD students at the Norwegian Business School (BI) were interviewed. The interviews were based on a phenomenological approach. Findings – The use of both library databases and Google Scholar is frequent and contextual. The informants ranked the library databases as more useful than Google Scholar. Methods for keeping up to date varied and were contextual. Although formal information seeking in library databases was seen as more academic than the tracking of references, this latter method was more widespread. Students felt they mastered the tools associated with formal information seeking, which constituted a continuous activity in their research practices. Wilson’s (1983) theory on cognitive authority may give a better understanding of the findings. Practical implications – Acquiring knowledge about the information practices of .
Emotional Audio-Visual Speech Synthesis Based on PAD

Audio-visual speech synthesis is the core function for realizing face-to-face human-computer communication. While considerable efforts have been made to enable talking with computer like people, how to integrate the emotional expressions into the audio-visual speech synthesis remains largely a problem. In this paper, we adopt the notion of Pleasure-Displeasure, Arousal-Nonarousal, and Dominance-Submissiveness (PAD) 3-D-emotional space, in which emotions can be described and quantified from three different dimensions. Based on this new definition, we propose a unified model for emotional speech conversion using Boosting-Gaussian mixture model (GMM), as well as a facial expression synthesis model. We further present an emotional audio-visual speech synthesis approach. Specifically, we take the text and the target PAD values as input, and employ the text-to-speech (TTS) engine to first generate the neutral speeches. Then the Boosting-GMM is used to convert the neutral speeches to emotional speeches, and the facial expression is synthesized simultaneously. Finally, the acoustic features of the emotional speech are used to modulate the facial expression in the audio-visual speech. We designed three objective and five subjective experiments to evaluate the performance of each model and the overall approach. Our experimental results on audio-visual emotional speech datasets show that the proposed approach can effectively and efficiently synthesize natural and expressive emotional audio-visual speeches. Analysis on the results also unveil that the mutually reinforcing relationship indeed exists between audio and video information.
“Teach the Controversy”

This study examined sources and frames in the debate over whether to teach evolution or intelligent design in public schools. A content analysis of 12 newspapers from Kansas, Ohio, and Pennsylvania was conducted to see how geography and sourcing affected the framing of the controversial science issue. Established patterns of reporting science were repeated in the news coverage, but location and sources played an important role in how the issue was framed. The frames varied by region, suggesting a new direction for future research of framing.
Photopic 30 Hz flicker ERG as a predictor for rubeosis in central retinal vein occlusion

AIMS To investigate the predictive value of the cone b-wave implicit time in the photopic compared with the scotopic 30 Hz flicker ERG for rubeosis in central retinal vein occlusion. METHODS 44 patients with a central retinal vein occlusion were examined with full field electroretinogram (ERG). RESULTS The average implicit time in the photopic 30 Hz flicker ERG in patients who developed rubeosis (n=15) was 38.3 ms. In the patients who did not develop rubeosis (n=29) it was 31.3. The difference is statistically significant (p=0.0000000004). CONCLUSION The photopic cone b-wave implicit time in the 30 Hz flicker ERG is a good predictor for rubeosis.
Cesarean Delivery: Emphasis on the Neonate

Introduction Cesarean delivery has been performed since ancient times with numerous references cited from Greek mythology and beyond. During the first half of the 16th century, cesarean delivery was performed only if the mother was dead or dying. Much has changed since then. Cesarean delivery for both maternal and fetal indications have improved outcomes and decreased the mortality and morbidity associated with childbirth. Specific fetal indications for cesarean delivery include malpresentation, cephalopelvic disproportion, failure of labor progression, specific maternal infections, nonreassuring fetal status, and multiple gestations. In most of these cases, the neonate benefits by this mode of delivery. The advantage to the neonate becomes less clear in cases of elective cesarean delivery at term. This article will review the fetal indications for cesarean delivery, with an emphasis on the potential benefits and detriments to the neonate.
Neurons in the Frontal Lobe Encode the Value of Multiple Decision Variables

A central question in behavioral science is how we select among choice alternatives to obtain consistently the most beneficial outcomes. Three variables are particularly important when making a decision: the potential payoff, the probability of success, and the cost in terms of time and effort. A key brain region in decision making is the frontal cortex as damage here impairs the ability to make optimal choices across a range of decision types. We simultaneously recorded the activity of multiple single neurons in the frontal cortex while subjects made choices involving the three aforementioned decision variables. This enabled us to contrast the relative contribution of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the orbito-frontal cortex, and the lateral prefrontal cortex to the decision-making process. Neurons in all three areas encoded value relating to choices involving probability, payoff, or cost manipulations. However, the most significant signals were in the ACC, where neurons encoded multiplexed representations of the three different decision variables. This supports the notion that the ACC is an important component of the neural circuitry underlying optimal decision making.
Evaluation of School Improvement through an Educational Effectiveness Model: The Case of Indonesia's PEQIP Project

Description du projet PEQIP (Projet pour l'Amelioration de la Qualite dans l'Enseignement Primaire) en Indonesie. L'objectif de ce projet etait d'introduire de nouvelles politiques et mecanismes devant permettre l'amelioration du niveau general de l'education primaire et de l'efficacite pedagogique, par la reduction des resultats mediocres obtenus dans la derniere decennie, dus notamment au faible niveau de formation des enseignants et a des manuels scolaires inadaptes.
A Megachurch in a Megacity: A Study of Cyberspace Representation

This study brings together three fields of enquiry for the first time, namely megachurch studies, cyber-religion and Pentecostal and Charismatic studies. It is a study of the online self-representation of the largest Pentecostal church in Europe, Kingsway International Christian Centre, which attracts approximately 15,000 different regular attendees for worship over the course of each month. The focus of the study is how the church represents itself through the medium of the internet, its theology and culture as expressed in cyberspace. Analysis of the website material indicates that the church advocates a narrative of self betterment, based on the Christian message, which differs somewhat from so-called “prosperity” preaching in that it prioritizes personal divine empowerment as the key to unlocking spiritual and material blessings. Indeed, the church advocates empowerment for life in general not just a form of spiritual fulfilment. This is a narrative that clearly appeals to young professional West Africans living in London and southeast England, who are most prominently modelled via the website as those experiencing the blessings. The website presents the church’s senior pastor, Matthew Ashimolowo, through both graphical and textual representation as an anointed leader who encourages the faithful members of the church to “live bigger” and receive the blessings that come from such divine empowerment.
High Levels of New Neuron Addition Persist When the Sensitive Period for Song Learning Is Experimentally Prolonged

Socially reared zebra finch males imitate a song they hear during posthatching days 30–65; during this time, many new neurons are added to the high vocal center (HVC), a forebrain nucleus necessary for the production of learned song. New neuron addition drops sharply after day 65, and no new songs are imitated. In contrast, male zebra finches reared in isolation from other males have more variable songs at day 65 and thereafter can still imitate new sounds (Eales, 1985). We show that, in isolate birds, a greater number of new neurons continues to be added to HVC during the next 85 d, and this number correlates with syllable variability. We suggest that new neuron addition and turnover facilitate song change and that this effect lingers when an expected learning event is delayed.
Resolving Astrocyte Heterogeneity in the CNS

Astrocytes play essential roles in nearly all aspects of brain function from modulating synapses and neurovasculature to preserving appropriate extracellular solute concentrations. To meet the complex needs of the central nervous system (CNS), astrocytes possess highly specialized properties that are optimized for their surrounding neural circuitry. Precisely how these diverse astrocytes types are generated in vivo, however, remains poorly understood. Key to this process is a critical balance of intrinsic developmental patterning and context-dependent environmental signaling events that configures astrocyte phenotype. Indeed, emerging lines of evidence indicate that persistent cues from neighboring cells in the mature CNS cooperate with early patterning events to promote astrocyte diversity. Consistent with this, manipulating Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Notch and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling in the adult brain, have profound effects on the structural, morphological and physiological state of mature astrocytes. These pathways may become disrupted in various neurological diseases and contribute to CNS pathology. This mini-review article focuses on how context-dependent environmental cues cooperate with intrinsic developmental patterning events to control astrocyte diversity in vivo in order to promote healthy brain function.
Varying Associations Between Body Mass Index and Physical and Cognitive Function in Three Samples of Older Adults Living in Different Settings.

BACKGROUND The study investigates variations in the associations between body mass index (BMI) and (a) physical and (b) cognitive function across three samples of older adults living in different settings, and moreover determines if the association between BMI and physical function is confounded by cognitive abilities. METHODS One hundred ninety-five patients of a geriatric day hospital, 322 persons receiving home care (HC), and 183 nursing home (NH) residents were examined regarding BMI, cognitive (Mini-Mental State Examination), and physical function (Barthel Index for activities of daily living). Differences in Mini-Mental State Examination and activities of daily living scores between BMI groups (<22, 22-<25, 25-<30, 30-<35, ≥35kg/m(2)) were tested by analysis of covariance considering relevant confounders. RESULTS Activities of daily living and Mini-Mental State Examination impairments increased from the geriatric day hospital over the HC to the NH sample, whereas prevalence rates of obesity and severe obesity (35%, 33%, 25%) decreased. In geriatric day hospital patients cognitive and physical function did not differ between BMI groups. In the HC and NH samples, cognitive abilities were highest in obese and severely obese subjects. Unadjusted mean activities of daily living scores differed between BMI groups in HC receivers (51.6±32.2, 61.8±26.1, 67.5±28.3, 72.0±23.4, 66.2±24.2, p = .002) and NH residents (35.6±28.6, 48.1±25.7, 39.9±28.7, 50.8±24.0, 57.1±28.2, p = .029). In both samples significance was lost after adjustment indicating cognitive function as dominant confounder. CONCLUSIONS In older adults the associations between BMI and physical and cognitive function were dependent on the health and care status corresponding to the setting. In the HC and the NH samples, cognitive status, as measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination, emerged as an important confounder within the association between BMI and physical function.
Loneliness and Media Gratifications

Loneliness might be ameliorated by the gratifications offered by the media. However, evidence in support of this assumption is mixed. Relying on an attributional view of loneliness, this study tested the proposition that people who are chronically lonely derive fewer gratifications from the media than do situationally lonely and nonlonely people. Two studies were conducted to assess the nature of the relationship between experienced loneliness and media gratifications. Results generally support the prediction that chronically lonely persons rely less on media for escape than do others. Moreover, chronically lonely persons reported the least motivation for watching their favorite soap opera.
Antiviral effect of lymphokine-activated killer cells: chemotaxis and homing to sites of virus infection

Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells generated from C57BL/6 mouse spleen cells cultured with interleukin-2 are effective prophylactically against virus infection when inoculated at the site of virus injection. To predict the therapeutic efficacy of LAK cells, we determined whether LAK cells would home to sites of virus infection. In vitro, LAK cells responded chemotactically to cell-free peritoneal exudate fluids collected from virus-infected mice and to preparations of purified beta interferon. In vivo, radiolabeled LAK cells injected intravenously accumulated in the peritoneal cavities of intraperitoneally infected mice in amounts three to eight times greater than in uninfected mice. This ability to respond to chemotactic agents and migrate into sites of virus infection may make LAK cells useful as antiviral therapeutic agents.