Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILD DEVELOPMENT - ISSUES OF SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS

Original scientific paper UDC 572.5:796.012-053.5(439)-055.2 Abstract: The aim of our four-year longitudinal survey was to compare the somatic and motor development of 7-year-old girls growing up in families that need continuous municipal financial support, respectively to the ones not needing it. Eight consecutive data collections were carried out in three geographic and economic regions of Hungary from 2003 to 2007. The study group (receiving financial support because of low socioeconomic status during the whole observation period) contained 152 girls and the comparison one (no financial support) consisted of 343 female peers. To receive regular financial support because of low socioeconomic status (SES) a family has to meet one of the five criteria prescribed by the law and used in the official statistics for the status of families. Between-observations differences were tested by repeated measures ANOVA (8 data collection sessions by 7 variables). In the case of a significant F-test the Tukey's post-hoc tests were used. Between-groups differences were analysed by independent t-tests. Age dependence was also studied by linear regression analysis that might serve for extrapolation in the phase of linear growth before the observed youngest age, but not for those older than the oldest observed age. In the case of a significant correlation the differences between the standardized curves (Betas) were analysed by t-tests using the standard errors of the coefficients. The level of effective random error was set at 5% in all significance tests. Body height and body weight arithmetic means were consistently and significantly greater in the comparison group. The weight means were proportionate to the taller stature. Consequently, the means of BMI and weight-related body fat content were statistically the same. The children of the low SES performed worse in speed, explosive strength (power) and speed endurance estimated by three motor tests. Other conditions being equal to the observed differences were attributable to the poor economic conditions affecting the study group already before and during the observation period. Nevertheless, it was not an absolute but a long-lasting relative sort of malnutrition (inadequate intake of protein, vitamin, etc.) that most likely affected the children from the low socioeconomic status group.
A cloud based chat robot using dialogue histories for elderly people

The authors developed cloud based chat robot for exhilarating elderly people. Our robot is designed to keep users from being bored. Conventional chat robot systems use huge phrase database in advance. However, fixed phrase involves an immense amount of time and effort to make. The proposed system uses dialogue histories which are collected from users. This paper reports the effect of updating the phrase database by using histories.
A prospective longitudinal study of the transition to secondary school: exploring risk and protective factors

The transition to secondary school is an important developmental period that includes changes to children’s academic, physical, and social environments. This school transition also coincides with the average age for the onset of puberty. Most children express some concerns about this transition and a significant minority have ongoing difficulties after starting at secondary school. Drawing on a developmental psychopathology approach, this thesis aimed to outline a model for measuring successful transitions to secondary school and explore risk and protective factors related to ‘transition success’. Using data from a prospective, three-wave, multiple-informant longitudinal study of school transition, findings indicated that transition success is multidimensional, consisting of two broad domains of functioning at school: (1) academic and behavioural adjustment, and (2) school bonding. A number of risk and protective factors were identified for each domain. Particular attention was paid to the role of self-control, puberty, and social relationships (with parents and friends) as influences on children’s adjustment during this period. Self-control was found to decline over the transition and to predict children’s adjustment at secondary school. Support was found for parenting and puberty as influences on the development of children’s self-control over the transition. Aspects of children’s relationships over the transition were found to predict children’s adjustment at secondary school. For parent-child relationships, there were negative effects of maternal depression and parental hostility, and positive effects of parental warmth. Stable friendships were generally found to confer adjustment benefits but some negative effects were found when multiple low quality friendships were maintained over the transition. Overall the findings presented in this thesis advance understanding of the risk and protective factors associated with successful secondary school transitions, in particular, elucidating the nature of relationships between a number of individual-level and social-contextual factors.
Prevention of Pain on Injection of Propofol: A Comparison of Lidocaine with Alfentanil

We undertook a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to compare the use of alfentanil 1 mg and lidocaine 40 mg for the reduction of pain during injection of propofol. Eighty-nine patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups: Group L, lidocaine 40 mg added to 180 mg propofol; Group A, alfentanil 1 mg 30 s prior to propofol; or Group P, placebo (normal saline). The incidence of pain in the placebo group was 67%. Both treatment groups had a significantly lower incidence of pain than the placebo group (P < 0.002). There was no significant difference in the incidence of pain between the groups receiving lidocaine or alfentanil (13% and 24%, respectively). There was no significant difference in the induction dose of propofol between the groups. Fifty-two percent of patients who experienced pain at induction had recall of that pain in the recovery room. Alfentanil 1 mg and lidocaine 40 mg are both effective in reducing pain during injection of propofol. (Anesth Analg 1996;82:469-71)
Temporal progress of southern rust in maize under different environmental conditions

The progress of the severity of southern rust in maize (Zea mays) caused by Puccinia polysora was quantified in staggered plantings in different geographical areas in Brazil, from October to May, over two years (1995-1996 and 1996-1997). The logistic model, fitted to the data, better described the disease progress curves than the Gompertz model. Four components of the disease progress curves (maximum disease severity; area under the disease progress curve, AUDPC; area under the disease progress curve around the inflection point, AUDPCi; and epidemic rate) were used to compare the epidemics in different areas and at different times of planting. The AUDPC, AUDPCi, and the epidemic rate were analyzed in relation to the weather (temperature, relative humidity, hours of relative humidity >90%, and rainfall) and recorded during the trials. Disease severity reached levels greater than 30% in Piracicaba and Guaira in the plantings between December and January. Lower values of AUDPC occurred in later plantings at both locations. The epidemic rate was positively correlated (P 90%. The AUDPC was not correlated with any weather variable. The AUDPCi was negatively related to both variables connected to humidity, but not to rain. Long periods (mostly >13 h day-1) of relative humidity >90% (that corresponded to leaf wetness) occurred in Castro. Severity of southern rust in maize has always been low in Castro, thus the negative correlations between disease and the two humidity variables.
Constitutive production of human interleukin for DA cells/leukemia inhibitory factor by human tumor cell lines derived from various tissues.

The cytokine HILDA (human IL for DA cells)/LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor), previously reported to trigger the proliferation of the DA1.a cell line was purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant of the 5637 bladder carcinoma cell line by using a four step procedure, including cationic exchange chromatography at pH 6, Con A affinity chromatography, reverse phase HPLC, and gel filtration HPLC. The purified radiolabeled protein was analyzed in SDS-PAGE and a single band with a molecular mass of 43 kDa was revealed. The iodinated material was then tested in a radioreceptor assay using the M1 cell line as a second target cell line. The binding of the natural 125I hormone was abrogated in a dose dependent and specific fashion by either natural and rHILDA. The limit of signal detection of displacement for the radiolabeled ligand by unlabeled sample was found to be 0.05 ng/ml. The proliferative DA1.a assay and the M1 radioreceptor assay were used to analyze the HILDA content of 17 human tumor cell line culture supernatants, and 12 among them were spontaneously secreting a detectable level of LIF. The secreted amount of HILDA was largely enhanced by treating the cell line with 30 to 80 nM PMA; in these conditions a 10 to 20x increase in the detected amount was observed. The specificity of the detected signal was reinforced by analyzing the mRNA expression of HILDA in the tumor cell lines. The secreting cell lines were found to express various forms of LIF transcripts with a major specie at 3.8 kb.
A comparative analysis of cultural value orientations for understanding sport fan motivations

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between cultural value orientations and sport fan motivations. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from American and Korean college students. Three separate multivariate analysis of covariance revealed sport fan motivations differ across nationality and cultural value orientation. Findings – The current study provided empirical support for the assumption that individualism-collectivism influences sport fan motivations and geographically different sport consumers. Also, the outcomes were consistent with the previous literature which found sport fan motivations differ across nationality (the USA and South Korea). Originality/value – In combination with prior research, the findings of this study offer suggestions for how marketers could differentiate their marketing strategies for culturally diverse sport consumers.
Learning the language of sexual health and sexuality: An exploration of sources of information and adolescent learning about sexual health and sexuality in Santiago, Chile

ii Acknowledgements . iii Chapter 1: Introduction and Structure of the Thesis . 1 Brief introduction to the research topic . 1 Structure of the thesis . 2 Chapter 2: Background Information and Literature Review . 3 Background information . 3 Literature review . 11 Justification for study . 22 Research objective and questions . 23 Chapter 3: Research Design and Methodology . 24 Theoretical perspectives . 24 Methods . 25 Key terminology . 27 Fieldwork . 27 Data collection . 34 Data analysis . 38 Trustworthiness of data collected . 42 Ethical considerations. 50 Chapter 4: Findings. 52 Definition of key terms . 52 Sources of information . 53 Trust . 54 Content, wording and communication of information . 56 Gender . 81 Chapter 5: Discussion . 84 Theme One: The limits of biological reductionism . 85 Theme Two: Theory vs practice . 95 Theme Three: Social construction of gender and sexuality . 106 Chapter 6: Conclusion . 113 Recommendations for practice . 115 Suggestions for future research . 116 References . 117
Analgesic Efficacy of Paracetamol in Children Using Tonsillectomy as a Pain Model

The analgesic efficacy of paracetamol was assessed in a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study of 100 children undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy. Fifty children were given paracetamol elixir 40 mg/kg 40 minutes preoperatively (Group A); the remaining 50 children were given an oral placebo 40 minutes pre-operatively and paracetamol suppositories 40 mg/kg after induction of anaesthesia (Group B). Paracetamol was the only analgesic given and was given either orally or rectally in order to produce high variations in plasma paracetamol concentrations postoperatively. At 30 minutes after the end of surgery a pain score (0–10) was obtained and a venous blood sample was taken for serum paracetamol concentration analysis. Children given paracetamol elixir had a higher mean paracetamol concentration (0.15 [SD 0.06] mmol/l vs 0.05 [SD 0.03] mmol/l, P < 0.001) and a lower median pain score (5 vs 7, P < 0.02) than those who were given suppositories. The use of rescue morphine was higher (10 vs 23, P < 0.001) in the latter group. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was the same in both groups (20%) during the 24 hour postoperative period. Plasma paracetamol concentrations of 0.066–0.132 mmol/l are known to reduce temperature; plasma paracetamol concentrations which provide analgesia are unknown. Children with plasma paracetamol concentrations above 0.07 mmol/l had superior analgesia to those with concentrations below this level (P < 0.05).
Being a turker

Crowdsourcing is a key current topic in CSCW. We build upon findings of a few qualitative studies of crowdworkers. We conducted an ethnomethodological analysis of publicly available content on Turker Nation, a general forum for Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) users. Using forum data we provide novel depth and detail on how the Turker Nation members operate as economic actors, working out which Requesters and jobs are worthwhile to them. We show some of the key ways Turker Nation functions as a community and also look further into Turker-Requester relationships from the Turker perspective -- considering practical, emotional and moral aspects. Finally, following Star and Strauss [25] we analyse Turking as a form of invisible work. We do this to illustrate practical and ethical issues relating to working with Turkers and AMT, and to promote design directions to support Turkers and their relationships with Requesters.
Research partnerships in sport for development and peace: : Challenges, barriers, and strategies

Research partnerships between scholars and sport for development and peace (SDP) organizations are common, but firsthand accounts of the challenges and barriers faced by scholars when forming and sustaining partnerships are rare. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine them, and to uncover strategies to overcome these challenges across different partnership contexts. Eight prominent SDP scholars were interviewed. Guided by collaboration theory and the partnership literature, findings revealed challenges included navigating the political and organizational landscape; securing commitments from organizations with limited resources; negotiating divergent goals, objectives, and understandings; and conducting long-term evaluations and research. Strategies to address these issues involved developing strategic partnerships, cultivating mutual understanding, building trust, starting small, finding the cause champion, and developing a track record of success. Key theoretical and practical implications a.
Language Models and Structured Document Retrieval

We discuss possibilities for the use of language models in structured document retrieval. We use a tree-based generative language model for ranking documents and components. Nodes in the tree correspond to document components such as titles, sections, and paragraphs. At each node in the document tree, there is a language model. The language model for a leaf node is estimated directly from the text present in the document component associated with the node. Inner nodes in the tree are estimated using a linear interpolation among the children nodes. This paper also describes how some common structural queries would be satisfied within this model.
Evolutionary and Acclimation-Induced Variation in the Thermal Limits of Heart Function in Congeneric Marine Snails (Genus Tegula): Implications for Vertical Zonation

We analyzed the thermal limits of heart function for congeneric species of the marine snail Tegula that have different patterns of vertical zonation. T. funebralis is found in the low to mid-intertidal zone, and T. brunnea and T. montereyi live in the low-intertidal or subtidally. As indices of thermal limits of heart function, we used the temperature at which heart rate initially decreased rapidly during heating (the Arrhenius break temperature, or ABT) and the temperature at which heart ceased to beat with either heating or cooling (the flatline temperature, or FLThot or FLTcold, respectively). These three indices provide an estimate of the thermal range within which Tegula heart function is maintained. For field-acclimatized specimens, the thermal range of the high-intertidal T. funebralis was greater than those of its two lower-occurring congeners (higher ABT, higher FLThot, lower FLTcold). We also demonstrated the effects of constant thermal acclimation on the heart rate response to heat stress. Acclimation to 14 °C and 22 °C resulted in increases in ABT and FLThot, with the largest changes in T. brunnea and T. montereyi. Although T. funebralis is more heat tolerant and eurythermal than its two lower-occurring congeners, it can encounter field body temperatures that exceed ABT, indicating that T. funebralis faces a larger threat from heat stress, in situ. These findings are consistent with recent studies on other taxa of marine invertebrates that have shown, somewhat paradoxically, that warm-adapted, eurythermal intertidal species may be more impacted by global warming than congeneric subtidal species that are less heat tolerant.
Parental nutrition knowledge and attitudes as predictors of 5–6-year-old children's healthy food knowledge

Abstract Objective Young children's knowledge about healthy food may influence the formation of their eating behaviours, and parents have a major influence on the development of children's knowledge in the early years. Design We investigated the extent to which parental nutrition knowledge and attitudes around food predicted young children's knowledge of healthy foods, controlling for other influences such as socio-economic status (SES) and parent education levels in a cross-sectional research design. Children were given a healthy food knowledge activity and parents completed questionnaires. Setting Twenty primary schools in Adelaide, Australia, stratified by SES. Subjects We recruited 192 children aged 5–6 years and their parents. Results Structural equation modelling showed that parent nutrition knowledge predicted children's nutrition knowledge (r = 0·30, P < 0·001) independently of attitudes, SES and education level. Conclusions Nutrition education for parents, targeted at low-SES areas at higher risk for obesity, may contribute to the development of healthy food knowledge in young children.
Impact of Asymmetric Routing on Statistical Traffic Classification

Statistical traffic classification techniques are often developed under the assumption that monitoring devices can observe the two half-flows composing each traffic session. However, the practice of asymmetric routing is rapidly moving from the Internet core to its edge. Forecasts [1] predict that in a few years even the last legs of Internet connectivity will experience some form of this practice. In this paper we study the effects that asymmetric routing can have on statistical traffic classifiers. We do so by comparing the capability of unidirectional classifiers with the ones of bidirectional classifiers in extracting information from the features of half-flows. Numerical results obtained by processing three heterogeneous traffic traces not only confirm the obvious assumption that bidirectional classifiers work better than unidirectional ones, but also shed some light on a few interesting facts. First, that the improvement introduced by bidirectional classifiers is not very significant in terms of increased true positives, while it is substantial in terms of decreased false positives. Furthermore, some protocols seem to exhibit, at least in some environments, the tendency to carry more information (relevant to traffic classification) in one direction than in the other.
Controls on methane released through ebullition in peatlands affected by permafrost degradation

Permafrost thaw in peat plateaus leads to the flooding of surface soils and the formation of collapse scar bogs, which have the potential to be large emitters of methane (CH4) from surface peat as well as deeper, previously frozen, permafrost carbon (C). We used a network of bubble traps, permanently installed 20 cm and 60 cm beneath the moss surface, to examine controls on ebullition from three collapse bogs in interior Alaska. Overall, ebullition was dominated by episodic events that were associated with changes in atmospheric pressure, and ebullition was mainly a surface process regulated by both seasonal ice dynamics and plant phenology. The majority (>90%) of ebullition occurred in surface peat layers, with little bubble production in deeper peat. During periods of peak plant biomass, bubbles contained acetate‐derived CH4 dominated (>90%) by modern C fixed from the atmosphere following permafrost thaw. Post‐senescence, the contribution of CH4 derived from thawing permafrost C was more variable and accounted for up to 22% (on average 7%), in the most recently thawed site. Thus, the formation of thermokarst features resulting from permafrost thaw in peatlands stimulates ebullition and CH4 release both by creating flooded surface conditions conducive to CH4 production and bubbling as well as by exposing thawing permafrost C to mineralization.
Measuring the Computer-Related Self-Concept

A positive self-concept supposedly affects a student’s well-being as well as his or her perception of individual competence at school. As computer-based learning is becoming increasingly important in school, a positive computer-related self-concept (CSC) might help to enhance cognitive achievement. Consequently, we focused on establishing a short, valid, and reliable instrument to measure the CSC by administering to German subsamples (Ntotal = 488) of three different age-groups: 8th (N = 159), 11th graders (N = 214), and university freshmen (N = 115). We succeeded in developing a one-factor-instrument with good overall reliability (αtotal = .84) and adequate criterion validity. The scale implementation revealed a high self-concept among younger respondents. Furthermore, we observed a stereotypical difference between the CSC scores for 8th and 11th graders. Finally, we discuss pedagogical and educational considerations of the scale’s implementation in school.
Call-by-Value Termination in the Untyped lambda-Calculus

A fully-automated algorithm is developed able to show that evaluation of a given untyped lambda-expression will terminate under CBV (call-by-value). The ``size-change principle'' from first-order programs is extended to arbitrary untyped lambda-expressions in two steps. The first step suffices to show CBV termination of a single, stand-alone lambda;-expression. The second suffices to show CBV termination of any member of a regular set of lambda-expressions, defined by a tree grammar. (A simple example is a minimum function, when applied to arbitrary Church numerals.) The algorithm is sound and proven so in this paper. The Halting Problem's undecidability implies that any sound algorithm is necessarily incomplete: some lambda-expressions may in fact terminate under CBV evaluation, but not be recognised as terminating. The intensional power of the termination algorithm is reasonably high. It certifies as terminating many interesting and useful general recursive algorithms including programs with mutual recursion and parameter exchanges, and Colson's ``minimum'' algorithm. Further, our type-free approach allows use of the Y combinator, and so can identify as terminating a substantial subset of PCF.