Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical Modeling of the Composting Ecosystem

A composting physical model with an experimental chamber with a working volume of 14 × 103 cm3 (0.5 ft3) was designed to avoid exaggerated conductive heat loss resulting from, relative to field-scale piles, a disproportionately large outer surface-area-to-volume ratio. In the physical model, conductive flux (rate of heat flow through chamber surfaces) was made constant and slight through a combination of insulation and temperature control of the surrounding air. This control was based on the instantaneous conductive flux, as calculated from temperature differentials via a conductive heat flow model. An experiment was performed over a 10-day period in which control of the composting process was based on ventilative heat removal in reference to a microbially favorable temperature ceiling (temperature feedback). By using the conduction control system (surrounding air temperature controlled), 2.4% of the total heat evolved from the chamber was through conduction, whereas the remainder was through the ventilative mechanisms of the latent heat of vaporization and the sensible temperature increase of air. By comparison, with insulation alone (the conduction control system was not used) conduction accounted for 33.5% of the total heat evolved. This difference in conduction resulted in substantial behavioral differences with respect to the temperature of the composting matrix and the amount of water removed. By emphasizing the slight conduction system (2.4% of total heat flow) as being a better representative of field conditions, a comparison was made between composting system behavior in the laboratory physical model and field-scale piles described in earlier reports. Numerous behavioral patterns were qualitatively similar in the laboratory and field (e.g., temperature gradient, O2 content, and water removal). It was concluded that field-scale composting system behavior can be simulated reasonably faithfully in the physical model. Images
Functional expression and characterization of a Drosophila odorant receptor in a heterologous cell system

Odorant receptors (ORs) constitute the molecular basis for the detection of volatile odorous molecules and the perception of smell. Our understanding of chemical senses has been greatly expanded by the discovery of the OR gene families in vertebrates and in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Recently, candidate Drosophila OR genes have been identified. The putative ORs do not possess any primary sequence identity with known vertebrate or C. elegans receptors, but belong to the family of G protein-coupled receptors according to their predicted seven transmembrane topology. To prove olfactory function of these proteins, we expressed a member of the putative Drosophila OR gene family, Or43a, in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Using two-electrode voltage-clamp recording we identified four odors (cyclohexanone, cyclohexanol, benzaldehyde, and benzyl alcohol) that activated the receptor at low micromolar concentration and structurally related substances that did not. This report shows the function and specificity of a member of the recently identified family of Drosophila ORs expressed in a heterologous system.
Assembly of the Dystrophin-Associated Protein Complex Does Not Require the Dystrophin Cooh-Terminal Domain

Dystrophin is a multidomain protein that links the actin cytoskeleton to laminin in the extracellular matrix through the dystrophin associated protein (DAP) complex. The COOH-terminal domain of dystrophin binds to two components of the DAP complex, syntrophin and dystrobrevin. To understand the role of syntrophin and dystrobrevin, we previously generated a series of transgenic mouse lines expressing dystrophins with deletions throughout the COOH-terminal domain. Each of these mice had normal muscle function and displayed normal localization of syntrophin and dystrobrevin. Since syntrophin and dystrobrevin bind to each other as well as to dystrophin, we have now generated a transgenic mouse deleted for the entire dystrophin COOH-terminal domain. Unexpectedly, this truncated dystrophin supported normal muscle function and assembly of the DAP complex. These results demonstrate that syntrophin and dystrobrevin functionally associate with the DAP complex in the absence of a direct link to dystrophin. We also observed that the DAP complexes in these different transgenic mouse strains were not identical. Instead, the DAP complexes contained varying ratios of syntrophin and dystrobrevin isoforms. These results suggest that alternative splicing of the dystrophin gene, which naturally generates COOH-terminal deletions in dystrophin, may function to regulate the isoform composition of the DAP complex.
Threshold functions for asymmetric Ramsey properties with respect to vertex colorings

In this note we investigate Ramsey properties of random graphs. The threshold functions for symmetric Ramsey properties with respect to vertex colorings were determined by Łuczak, Rucinski, and Voigt [6]. As a generalization of this problem we consider asymmetric Ramsey properties and establish the values of the threshold functions. Furthermore, we investigate canonical colorings. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Attenuation of Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction by Endotoxemia Requires 5-Lipoxygenase in Mice

Abstract— Sepsis and endotoxemia impair hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), thereby reducing systemic oxygenation. To assess the role of leukotrienes (LTs) in the attenuation of HPV during endotoxemia, the increase in left lung pulmonary vascular resistance (LPVR) before and during left mainstem bronchus occlusion (LMBO) was measured in mice with and without a deletion of the gene encoding 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). LMBO increased the LPVR equally in saline-challenged wild-type and 5-LO–deficient mice (96±20% and 94±19%, respectively). Twenty-two hours after challenge with Escherichia coli endotoxin, the ability of LMBO to increase LPVR was markedly impaired in wild-type mice (27±7%;P <0.05) but not in 5-LO–deficient mice (72±9%) or in wild-type mice pretreated with MK886, an inhibitor of 5-LO activity (76±10%). Compared with wild-type mice, endotoxin-induced disruption of lung structures and inflammatory cell influx in the lung were markedly attenuated in 5-LO–deficient mice. Administration of MK571, a selective cysteinyl LT1 receptor antagonist, 1 hour before endotoxin challenge preserved HPV and attenuated pulmonary injury in wild-type mice but did not prevent the endotoxin-induced increase in pulmonary myeloperoxidase activity. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that a 5-LO product, most likely a cysteinyl LT, contributes to the attenuation of HPV and to pulmonary injury after challenge with endotoxin.
Automatic Wordnet Development for Low-Resource Languages using Cross-Lingual WSD

Wordnets are an effective resource for natural language processing and information retrieval, especially for semantic processing and meaning related tasks. So far, wordnets have been constructed for many languages. However, the automatic development of wordnets for low-resource languages has not been well studied. In this paper, an Expectation-Maximization algorithm is used to create high quality and large scale wordnets for poor-resource languages. The proposed method benefits from possessing cross-lingual word sense disambiguation and develops a wordnet by only using a bi-lingual dictionary and a monolingual corpus. The proposed method has been executed with Persian language and the resulting wordnet has been evaluated through several experiments. The results show that the induced wordnet has a precision score of 90% and a recall score of 35%.
Conscious visual abilities in a patient with early bilateral occipital damage

A 21‐year‐old male presented with occipital lobes that were extensively damaged by bilateral infarcts present at birth. The absence of the striate cortex was confirmed with anatomic and functional MRI and high‐resolution EEG. His cortical visual impairment was severe, but he retained a remarkable ability to see fast‐moving stimuli. Horizontal optokinetic nystagmus could be elicited from either eye. Resolution acuity was close to normal providing the patient was allowed to move his head and eyes. The direction of motion in random‐dot patterns could be discriminated with perfect accuracy at speeds above 2 deg/s, and the patient reported that he could 'see’the motion at fast but not at slow speeds. This conscious residual vision for motion is known as Riddoch's phenomenon, but it has never been reported in the complete absence of the striate cortex. Functional neuroimaging revealed activation that was outside the motion‐responsive regions of the extrastriate cortex. This case demonstrates remarkable plasticity in the human visual system and may have implications for understanding the functional organization of the motion pathways.
COPD routine management in France : Are guidelines used in clinical practice ?

MOTS CLÉS BPCO ; Recommandations ; Bronchodilatateurs ; Corticostéroïdes inhalés ; Réhabilitation respiratoire ; Vaccination ; Traitement Résumé Introduction. — Les recommandations sur la prise en charge de la bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO) dépendent de sa sévérité et s’adaptent à l’évolution de nos connaissances. Le niveau de preuve sur lequel elles reposent et leur degré de précision sont variables. Objectif. — Déterminer les relations entre les traitements réellement prescrits aux patients BPCO et les recommandations. Méthodes. — Dans le cadre d’une étude de cohorte prospective multicentrique, les traitements à l’inclusion de 542 patients en état stable sont décrits et comparés aux recommandations. Résultats. — Prescripteurs : 40 % de pneumologues. Patients : 78,3 % d’hommes (âge : 64,8 ± 10,8 ans), 25 % de fumeurs actifs. Les bronchodilatateurs sont les médicaments les plus prescrits, mais 11 % des BPCO sévères (stades III et IV) n’en recevaient pas. Les corticoïdes inhalés (CSI) sont prescrits chez 55,2 et 59,4 % des stades I et II (qui ne relèvent pas de ce traitement), et chez 77,4 et 85,3 % des stades III et IV. Soixante-dix pour cent des patients reçoivent des CSI hors d’une combinaison fixe. La vaccination antigrippale est réalisée chez 50 % (quelle que soit la sévérité de la BPCO) et la réhabilitation chez 10,3 % des patients (stade IV : 20,6 %).
A Preliminary Survey of the Oenothera Organensis Population.

ENOTHERA ORGANENSIS is known solely from the one range of 0 mountains from which it takes its name. The Organ Mountains of southern New Mexico form part of a long chain lying east of and parallel to the Rio Grande. They differ from the San Andres Mountains on the north and the Franklin Mountains on the south by their greater altitude and in their volcanic origin. There has recently been published a Geology of the Organ Mountains (DUNHAM 1935) from which the accompanying map (figure I ) has been taken. The Organ Mountains occupy an area approximately eighteen miles long (north and south) and varying from three to eight miles in width, lying about fifteen miles east of Las Cruces, New Mexico. The mountains rise from a plain of four to five thousand feet elevation to a height of 9108 feet a t Organ Peak. Of the area occupied by the mountains, approximately thirty-three square miles are above the 6000 feet level and less than ten square miles above the 7000 feet level. Oenotheras have been found only at elevations above 6000 feet and only in canyons which drain relatively large areas of higher land. The canyons in which the oenotheras are found have been carved out of the solid igneous rock, rhyolite, which makes up the greater part of the mountains. Both the side walls and the floors of the canyons are for the most part very steep, so that the runoff of water after rains is extremely rapid. The rainfall in the mountains has not been measured but is perhaps not much greater than at State College, near Las Cruces, where the mean annual precipitation in a period of over seventy years is approximately eight and one-half inches. The largest amount of precipitation occurs in the summer months and generally as local thunder showers. A large part of the mountains is definitely arid, and with the exception of Filmore Canyon, which has a permanent stream, all the water courses are dry most of the time. While the canyons were being formed, however, basins were eroded in the canyon floors. These have become filled with rock and gravel and it is in these natural reservoirs that the oenotheras are found. Growing with the oenotheras in these pockets is an Aquilegia, whereas the immediate environs are occupied by such xerophytes as Yucca, Agave, Opuntia, etc. These conditions are illustrated in the photographs in figure 2. Oenotheru orgunensis, unlike the other oenotheras with angled seeds (that is, the onagras), is strictly perennial. The central axis never elongates,
Second-order model of membrane electric field induced by alternating external electric fields

With biological cells exposed to ac electric fields below 100 kHz, external field is amplified in the cell membrane by a factor of several thousands (low-frequency plateau), while above 100 kHz, this amplification gradually decreases with frequency. Below 10 MHz, this situation is well described by the established first-order theory which treats the cytoplasm and the external medium as pure conductors. At higher frequencies, capacitive properties of the cytoplasm and the external medium become increasingly important and thus must be accounted for. This leads to a broader, second-order model, which is treated in detail in this paper. Unlike the first-order model, this model shows that above 10 MHz, the membrane field amplification stops decreasing and levels off again in the range of tens (high-frequency plateau). Existence of the high-frequency plateau could have an important impact on present theories of high-frequency electric fields effects on cells and their membranes.
Transcriptome-wide Landscape of Pre-mRNA Alternative Splicing Associated with Metastatic Colonization

Metastatic colonization is an ominous feature of cancer progression. Recent studies have established the importance of pre-mRNA alternative splicing (AS) in cancer biology. However, little is known about the transcriptome-wide landscape of AS associated with metastatic colonization. Both in vitro and in vivo models of metastatic colonization were utilized to study AS regulation associated with cancer metastasis. Transcriptome profiling of prostate cancer cells and derivatives crossing in vitro or in vivo barriers of metastasis revealed splicing factors with significant gene expression changes associated with metastatic colonization. These include splicing factors known to be differentially regulated in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (ESRP1, ESRP2, and RBFOX2), a cellular process critical for cancer metastasis, as well as novel findings (NOVA1 and MBNL3). Finally, RNA-seq indicated a large network of AS events regulated by multiple splicing factors with altered gene expression or protein activity. These AS events are enriched for pathways important for cell motility and signaling, and affect key regulators of the invasive phenotype such as CD44 and GRHL1. Implications: Transcriptome-wide remodeling of AS is an integral regulatory process underlying metastatic colonization, and AS events affect the metastatic behavior of cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res; 13(2); 305–18. ©2014 AACR.
Long-term measurement of PMD and polarization drift in installed fibers

We report the most detailed long-term measurement of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) made to date. We measured two separate fibers under the same time period, which makes it possible to compare the drift properties of two similar fibers in the same environment. The measured Jones matrices suffers from both random and systematic errors, a generic problem which we discuss in detail and solve. The results confirmed the well-known statistical properties of the PMD-vector. Furthermore, the drift averaged over wavelength is very well (96%) correlated between the two fibers. We finally quantified the temporal drift by computing the autocorrelation function of the PMD-vector analytically, both with respect to wavelength and to drift time. The analytical theory shows good agreement with the measurements.
Food Sources of Energy and Nutrients among Children in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2006

Background: Recent detailed analyses of data on dietary sources of energy and nutrients in US children are lacking. The objective of this study was to identify food sources of energy and 28 nutrients for children in the United States. Methods: Analyses of food sources were conducted using a single 24-h recall collected from children 2 to 18 years old (n = 7332) in the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Sources of nutrients contained in foods were determined using nutrient composition databases. Food grouping included ingredients from disaggregated mixtures. Mean energy and nutrient intakes from the total diet and from each food group were adjusted for the sample design using appropriate weights. Percentages of the total dietary intake that food sources contributed were tabulated by rank order. Results: The two top ranked food/food group sources of energy and nutrients were: energy—milk (7% of energy) and cake/cookies/quick bread/pastry/pie (7%); protein—milk (13.2%) and poultry (12.8%); total carbohydrate—soft drinks/soda (10.5%) and yeast bread/rolls (9.1%); total sugars—soft drinks/soda (19.2%) and yeast breads and rolls (12.7%); added sugars—soft drinks/soda (29.7%) and candy/sugar/sugary foods (18.6%); dietary fiber—fruit (10.4%) and yeast bread/rolls (10.3%); total fat—cheese (9.3%) and crackers/popcorn/pretzels/chips (8.4%); saturated fatty acids—cheese (16.3%) and milk (13.3%); cholesterol—eggs (24.2%) and poultry (13.2%); vitamin D—milk (60.4%) and milk drinks (8.3%); calcium—milk (33.2%) and cheese (19.4%); potassium—milk (18.8%) and fruit juice (8.0%); and sodium—salt (18.5%) and yeast bread and rolls (8.4%). Conclusions: Results suggest that many foods/food groupings consumed by children were energy dense, nutrient poor. Awareness of dietary sources of energy and nutrients can help health professionals design effective strategies to reduce energy consumption and increase the nutrient density of children’s diets.
A cumulant interference subspace cancellation method for blind SISO channel estimation

We present a new linear method for blind estimation of single-input single-output (SISO) finite impulse response (FIR) channel. The channel can be minimum-phase or nonminimum-phase channel. The proposed method is based on a series of fourth order cumulant matrices, where it is shown that by employing vectors chosen from the left null space of a concatenated cumulant matrix, the interference subspace of the channel convolution matrix can be cancelled and thus, channel information can be extracted. The proposed method is robust to channel order overestimation, and it has a similar computational complexity as other existing methods. Simulation results are included to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Analysis of castellated steel beam with oval openings

A castellated steel beam is per definition a wide flange (WF) or I shaped steel profile with openings, to reduce self-weight and improve the effectiveness in terms of material use. Recently, extensive study on these castellated steel beams has been conducted, involving different shapes in web openings. The main goal of these research works was to evaluate and analyze its optimum opening sizes and shapes configuration. More in-depth research work to the behavior and the influence of holes to WF beams need to be conducted. In this paper, an oval shaped web opening is chosen as alternate. The study involves a modification in the variation of oval web openings both in the horizontally and vertically direction. An experimental and numerical study based on the finite element method conducted with the Abaqus/CAE 6.12 software is used to analyze the buckling behavior of the web. The obtained results from the experimental test specimens are in good agreement with the obtained results from the finite element analysis. Furthermore, the numerical model can be expanded to be used as analyzing tool in evaluating and studying the effect and influencing factors of a variation in opening’s parameters.
Contention Resolution Diversity Slotted ALOHA (CRDSA): An Enhanced Random Access Schemefor Satellite Access Packet Networks

In this paper a new multiple access scheme dubbed contention resolution diversity slotted ALOHA (CRDSA) is introduced and its performance and implementation are thoroughly analyzed. The scheme combines diversity transmission of data bursts with efficient interference cancellation techniques. It is shown that CRDSA largely outperforms the classical lotted ALOHA (SA) technique in terms of throughput under equal packet loss ratio conditions (e.g. 17-fold improvement at packet loss ratio = 2 middot 10-2). CRDSA allows to boost the performance of random access (RA) channels in the return link of interactive satellite networks, making RA very efficient and providing low latency for the transmission of small size sparse packets. Implementation-wise it is shown that the CRDSA technique can be easily integrated in systems equipped with digital burst demodulators.
Towards Understanding User Preferences from User Tagging Behavior for Personalization

Personalizing image tags is a relatively new and growing area of research, and in order to advance this research community, we must review and challenge the de-facto standard of defining tag importance. We believe that for greater progress to be made, we must go beyond tags that merely describe objects that are visually represented in the image, towards more user-centric and subjective notions such as emotion, sentiment, and preferences. We focus on the notion of user preferences and show that the order that users list tags on images is correlated to the order of preference over the tags that they provided for the image. While this observation is not completely surprising, to our knowledge, we are the first to explore this aspect of user tagging behavior systematically and report empirical results to support this observation. We argue that this observation can be exploited to help advance the image tagging (and related) communities. Our contributions include: 1. ) conducting a user study demonstrating this observation, 2. ) collecting a dataset with user tag preferences explicitly collected.