Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elimination of Fetal Scalp Blood Sampling on a Large Clinical Service

Objectives: To describe the use of fetal scalp blood sampling on a large teaching service over 7 years and to assess any association between changes in use and the rates of cesarean delivery for fetal distress and of various indirect indicators of perinatal asphyxia in term infants. Methods: We reviewed computerized and tabular data bases for fetal scalp blood sampling, cesarean delivery for fetal distress, Apgar score, and the clinical diagnoses of asphyxia and meconium aspiration syndrome for the years 1986‐1992. Results: Live births averaged 16,330 annually. The rate of fetal scalp blood sampling for the first 3 years of the study period was 1.76%, consistent with the rate of 1.5‐2.0% noted for the preceding decade at our institution. An increase in sampling in 1987 was followed by a steady decline over the next 4 years, to a low of 0.03% in 1992. During the period of declining scalp pH usage, there was no increase in the cesarean rate for fetal distress, low Apgar score (less than 5 at 5 minutes) requiring neonatal intensive care unit admission, or the clinical diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia or meconium aspiration syndrome. Conclusions: Fetal scalp blood sampling has been virtually eliminated without an increase in the cesarean rate for fetal distress or an increase in indicators of perinatal asphyxia. The role of fetal scalp blood sampling in clinical practice is questioned. (Obstet Gynecol 1994;83:971‐4)
Meditation as a Complementary Therapy in Cancer

Summary: The number of cancer patients seeking complementary therapies to deal with their disease has increased steadily in recent decades. Complementary therapies can be helpful to cancer patients because they address some of the pervasive psychosocial difficulties associated with this disease. One mind-body technique is meditation. While programs using meditation have been developed for specific health populations, such as heart disease and addictions, an equivalent, well-established program for cancer patients is lacking. This article reviews the literature and proposes a complementary meditation program designed specifically for use with cancer patients.
Chromosome 11 genomic changes in parathyroid adenoma and hyperplasia: Array CGH, FISH, and tissue microarrays

We have used a combination of gene expression profiling, array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and tissue microarrays (TMAs) to investigate chromosome 11 genetic changes in subsets of benign parathyroid tumors. Integration of gene expression profiling and aCGH was done using differential gene locus mapping analysis. We have identified three distinct relatively common chromosome 11 genomic changes in various subsets of parathyroid tumors. The simplest and least common of these genomic changes involves translocation of the CCND1 gene with subsequent strong CCND1 expression. This genetic change is essentially limited to parathyroid adenomas (8%), although expression of CCND1 without translocation is common in uremic hyperparathyroidism. Not surprisingly, deletion of the MEN1 locus at 11q13 or loss of a large portion or an entire chromosome 11 was a common finding. This particular genomic change appears to have a prominent effect on the overall results of gene expression profiling and was present in slightly less than one‐half of adenomas. Genomic changes in primary nonfamilial hyperplasia were for the most part restricted to 11q13 deletion or loss of chromosome 11. The third genomic change we identified was 11q23 deletion. This genetic change was relatively independent of other chromosome 11 changes and present in slightly less than one‐half of adenomas. 11q23 deletion along with relatively strong CCND1 expression was common in uremic hyperparathyroidism. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Security Analysts

A reputation for providing high quality securities research and investment advice is arguably the most sought-after objective of every Wall Street institution. Although the message is often subtly phrased, brokerage houses, bank trust departments, investment advisory services, and mutual funds all heavily orient their promotional activities toward creating such an image of expertise. In the aggregate, however, the hard data on actual portfolio performance histories,l and analyses of the apparent payoffs from trading on issued stock recommendations,2 are less than encouraging about the value of professional counsel. Passive investments in the popular market indexes would seem to be about as worthwhile. Within the mass of these findings, there nonetheless have been occasional instances of detectable differences in acumen across organizations as judged by the observed ex post returns associated with the investment suggestions of those organization^. ^ We provided, in an earlier paper, such evidence on the securities recommendations of one of the nation's largest retail brokerage houses, for a seven-year period ending with 1970; intimations of superior overall returns therefrom were found.4 Our purpose here is to carry the investigation the logical one step further: to examine the performances of the individual securities analysts within the firm, and address the matter of differential expertise at that level as well.
Tax Benefits as a Source of Merger Premiums in Acquisitions of Private Corporations

Scholes et al. (2005) predict that S corporations, and other conduit entities such as partnerships and LLCs, can sell for a tax‐driven purchase price premium relative to C corporations. We test this conjecture by comparing purchase price multiples in a sample of taxable stock acquisitions of S corporations to purchase price multiples for a matched set of taxable stock acquisitions of privately held C corporations. Consistent with Scholes et al.'s (2005) predictions, we find evidence that the organizational form of the target influences acquisition tax structure and acquisition price. Specifically, the evidence supports the conclusion that conduit entities (S corporations) fetch a taxbased purchase price premium relative to similar C corporations. Furthermore, our estimates indicate that average tax benefits in S corporation acquisitions are equal to approximately 12–17 percent of deal value.
Demographic change, growth and agglomeration

This article presents a framework within which the effects of demographic change on both agglomeration and growth of economic activities can be analyzed. I introduce an overlapping generation structure into a New Economic Geography model with endogenous growth due to learning spillovers and focus on the effects of demographic structures on long-run equilibrium outcomes and stability properties. First, life-time uncertainty is shown to decrease long-run economic growth perspectives. In doing so, it also mitigates the pro-growth effects of agglomeration resulting from the localized nature of learning externalities. Second, the turnover of generations acts as a dispersion force whose anti-agglomerative effects are, however, dampened by the growth-linked circular causality being present as long as interregional knowledge spillovers are not perfect. Finally, lifetime uncertainty also reduces the possibility that agglomeration is the result of a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Phantastic objects and the financial market’s sense of reality: A psychoanalytic contribution to the understanding of stock market instability

This paper sets out to explore if standard psychoanalytic thinking based on clinical experience can illuminate instability in financial markets and its widespread human consequences. Buying, holding or selling financial assets in conditions of inherent uncertainty and ambiguity, it is argued, necessarily implies an ambivalent emotional and phantasy relationship to them. Based on the evidence of historical accounts, supplemented by some interviewing, the authors suggest a psychoanalytic approach focusing on unconscious phantasy relationships, states of mind, and unconscious group functioning can explain some outstanding questions about financial bubbles which cannot be explained with mainstream economic theories. The authors also suggest some institutional features of financial markets which may ordinarily increase or decrease the likelihood that financial decisions result from splitting off those thoughts which give rise to painful emotions. Splitting would increase the future risk of financial instability and in this respect the theory with which economic agents in such markets approach their work is important. An interdisciplinary theory recognizing and making possible the integration of emotional experience may be more useful to economic agents than the present mainstream theories which contrast rational and irrational decision‐making and model them as making consistent decisions on the basis of reasoning alone.
The Pavlovian Response of Term Rates to Fed Announcements

The traditional view of the monetary transmission mechanism rests on the premise that the Federal Reserve (Fed) controls the level of the Federal funds rate via open market operations and the liquidity effect. By contrast, this paper argues that the Fed also manipulates the Federal funds rate via public disclosures of the new level of the Federal funds rate target and the ""announcement effect. '''' We define the announcement effect as the portion of interest rate movements associated with public statements on interest rate targets that do not require conventional open market operations for their support. This paper provides evidence on how the Fed uses the liquidity effect in conjunction with the announcement effect to execute monetary policy. In addition, it investigates the implications of the announcement effect on term structure behavior and the rational expectations hypothesis.
MiR-1246: A new link of the p53 family with cancer and Down syndrome

Since the discovery of miRNAs, a number of miRNAs have been identified as p53’s transcriptional targets. Most of them are involved in regulation of the known p53 functions, such as cell cycle, apoptosis and senescence. Our recent study revealed miR-1246 as a novel target of p53 and its analogs p63 and p73 to suppress the expression of DYRK1A and consequently activate NFAT, both of which are associated with Down syndrome and possibly with tumorigenesis. This finding suggests that miR-1246 might serve as a likely link of the p53 family with Down syndrome. Here, we provide some prospective views on the potential role of the p53 family in Down syndrome via miR-1246 and propose a new p53-miR-1246-DYRK1A-NFAT pathway in cancer.
Corporate Data and Future Cash Flows

: This article examines the ability of current accounting data to explain future cash flows for UK firms, as disclosed under FRS1(1991). Rather than examining price data — from which cash flow implications have to be inferred — we follow the more direct approach used in several recent US studies, in which actual future cash flow data are examined. Specifically, our methodology is a development of the OLS regression framework employed by Barth et al. (2001). We provide a replication of their main OLS analysis, and then extend this to deal with fixed effects and time trends in the levels of cash flow data. Our study finds that the disaggregation of earnings into cash flows and accruals, generates superior explanatory power with regard to future cash flows.
A benefit segmentation approach for innovation-oriented university-business collaboration

Increasing competition in the light of globalisation imposes challenges on both academia and businesses. Universities have to compete for additional financial means, while companies, particularly in high technology business environments, are facing a stronger pressure to innovate. Universities seek to deal with this situation by academic engagement, hereby providing external research support for businesses. Relying on the market segmentation approach, promoting beneficial exchange relations between academia and businesses enables the integration of both perspectives and may contribute to solving current challenges. Transferring the segmentation approach and the customer benefit perspective to university-business collaboration (UBC), this paper develops a multi-step segmentation framework aimed at identifying research customer segments in technical textile industries in Western Europe. This novel view helps to promote UBC and benefits both actors and society.
Leadership practices influencing stakeholder satisfaction in Thai SMEs

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the leadership and management practices that positively affect stakeholder satisfaction, an under-studied area important for both academic researchers and leaders. Relationships between 23 leadership and management practices and overall stakeholder satisfaction (OSS) were examined. Design/methodology/approach – Avery and Bergsteiner ' s (2010, 2011a) sustainable leadership (SL) model provided the theoretical framework for a cross-sectional survey research design used to gather empirical data from 439 managers of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand. Findings – Results show all SL practices except financial market orientation were significantly related to OSS, and the more an organisation adopts significant SL practices, the higher the OSS is likely to be. The particular SL practices that positively predicted enhanced OSS were amicable labour relations, staff retention, strong and shared vision, strategic and systemic innovation, and h.
Negative Predictive Value of Sonography and Mammography in Patients with Focal Breast Pain

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the negative predictive value of mammography and sonography in a population of patients with focal breast pain referred for imaging evaluation. Eighty‐six consecutive patients with focal breast pain in the absence of a breast mass were retrospectively identified from an imaging database. The electronic inpatient and outpatient records for the 86 patients were reviewed. For patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer, pathology reports were reviewed to determine whether the painful area corresponded to the patient's cancer. In addition, patient records were linked to the institution's cancer registry. Of the 86 patients, 26 patients were lost to follow‐up and did not appear in the institution's cancer registry. Four patients were diagnosed with breast carcinoma, two of whom had incidental cancers that were detected mammographically by microcalcifications and were separate from and unrelated to the area of pain. Seven patients underwent biopsy at the site of breast pain with benign diagnosis. Imaging and clinical follow‐up for the 51 patients with benign or negative imaging at the site of pain showed no abnormality with a mean follow‐up of 26.5 months. The negative predictive value of mammography and sonography in patients with breast pain was 100%. The negative predictive value of mammography and sonography for focal breast pain is high. Negative mammography and sonography can be reassuring to the treating clinician if follow‐up is planned when physical examination is not suspicious. However, if physical examination is suspicious, biopsy should not be delayed.
Psychosis Induced by Zonisamide: a Case Report and Review of the Literature

Zonisamide is an antiseizure medication that is indicated for adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures. This medication is rarely used in the United States. An infrequent adverse effect of psychosis occurs in about 2% of patients taking zonisamide. This is a case report of a 34-year-old male on phenytoin who presented with psychosis symptoms approximately 10 months after starting adjunctive zonisamide.
On the Balance-Sheet Based Model of Financial Reporting

SYNOPSIS: FASB adopted a balance sheet-based model of financial reporting about 30 years ago, and this model has been gradually expanded and solidified to become the required norm around the world. This article argues that the balance sheet orientation of accounting standard-setting is flawed for the following reasons. First, accounting is supposed to reflect business reality, and thus the essential features of the financial reporting model need to reflect the essential features of the underlying business model. However, the balance sheet orientation of financial reporting is at odds with the economic process of advancing expenses to earn revenues, which governs how most businesses create value, and which represents how managers and investors view most firms. Second, the adoption of the balance sheet approach was driven by conceptual considerations; standard-setters argued that the concept of assets is more fundamental and logically prior to the concept of income. However, this article argues that the con.
Effects of Earnings Management on Bank Cost of Debt

type="main" xml:lang="en"> This study investigates how earnings management influences credit ratings, and thus the cost of debt, using bank data from 85 countries. Using cross-country data also facilitates the investigation of how information asymmetry affects the influence of earnings management on ratings. The results indicate that raters downgrade ratings when they perceive earnings management, after controlling for other potential determinants of bank credit ratings, implying that earnings management increases borrowing costs. The negative effect of earnings management is mitigated for banks in countries with more extensive and effective banking regulations owing to lower information asymmetry, but aggravated in counties with less robust banking regulations.
Community-based Tourism: A Factor-Cluster Segmentation Approach

Using a case study of the Kimana Wildlife Sanctuary in Kenya, this paper empirically investigates factors critical to successful community-based tourism development. Factor analysis of 17 survey items produced five key factors: inclusion of stakeholders, recognition of individual and mutual benefits, appointment of legitimate convenor, formulation of aims and objectives, and perception that decisions arrived at will be implemented. Hierarchical cluster analysis demonstrates a simultaneous presence of three different segments within the local community, revealing that ‘operatives’ are interested in participation in the project's activities, ‘opinion leaders’ are concerned with the community's benefits from the project while ‘official leaders’ value the success of the project.
Serving Stakeholders at a Land Grant University: Forestry Professors Present Their View Ten Years after Boyer

Faculty roles and responsibilities have shifted over the past three decades from the generalist scholar to the research professor. Generalist scholars were valued for their teaching expertise and ability to communicate research findings to a wide array of audiences. In contrast, research professors must hone their skills in the laboratory or field and are responsible for creating empirically based knowledge for society. Given this shift in role over time, it was imperative to ask the question regarding who is serving stakeholders (those who have a legitimate stake in the outcomes of a program) and how do research professors perceive their responsibility toward serving stakeholders at a land grant university? Findings indicated that faculty roles have indeed shifted within the career span of professors from teachers to researchers. Faculty perceived their role as those who generate knowledge and that it is the extension services’ role to serve stakeholders. Faculty had difficulty identifying specific stakeholders of their research, and they collaborate most often with other faculty. The primary mode of communicating with stakeholders was via the peer-reviewed journal article. In its contract with the citizenry of this nation, the land grant university promised to provide teaching, research, and service to all its stakeholders. Research professors have redefined that contract through the evolving promotion and tenure structure, which primarily rewards research activities. If the land grant university is to continue to be the university for the people, then it needs to initiate a cultural revolution where service is truly valued equally with research, and where promotion and tenure committees have the courage to not count journal articles as the principal measure of scholarship.
Validation and adjustment of the mathematical prediction model for human sweat rate responses to outdoor environmental conditions.

Under outdoor conditions this model was over estimating sweat loss response in shaded (low solar radiation) environments, and underestimating the response when solar radiation was high (open field areas). The present study was conducted in order to adjust the model to be applicable under outdoor environmental conditions. Four groups of fit acclimated subjects participated in the study. They were exposed to three climatic conditions (30 degrees, 65% rh; 31 degrees C, 40% rh; and 40 degrees C, 20% rh) and three levels of metabolic rate (100, 300 and 450 W) in shaded and sunny areas while wearing shorts, cotton fatigues (BDUs) or protective garments. The original predictive equation for sweat loss was adjusted for the outdoor conditions by evaluating separately the radiative heat exchange, short-wave absorption in the body and long-wave emission from the body to the atmosphere and integrating them in the required evaporation component (Ereq) of the model, as follows: Hr = 1.5SL0. 6/I(T) (watt) H1 = 0.047Me.th/I(T) (watt), where SL is solar radiation (W.m-2), Me.th is the Stephan Boltzman constant, and I(T) is the effective clothing insulation coefficient. This adjustment revealed a high correlation between the measured and expected values of sweat loss (r = 0.99, p < 0.0001).
Modulation of presynaptic glucocorticoid receptors on glutamate release from rat hippocampal nerve terminals

In this study, we have examined the role of corticosterone (CORT) in the regulation of neuronal glutamate release using nerve terminals (synaptosomes) isolated from the rat hippocampus. Adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats received either a chronic systemic administration of CORT (daily 25 mg/kg in sesame oil, subcutaneously) or long‐term bilateral adrenalectomy (ADX) (3–4 weeks), and then the release of 4‐aminopyridine (4AP)‐evoked endogenous glutamate and the levels of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression from hippocampal nerve terminals were studied. Chronic administration of CORT resulted in a significant increase of 4AP‐evoked glutamate release from hippocampal nerve terminals, whereas ADX reduced 4AP‐evoked glutamate release. In addition, chronic administration of CORT and ADX induced a significant reduction and increase in GR expression in hippocampal synaptosomes, respectively, as detected by Western blots. Furthermore, acute treatment of CORT or dexamethasone facilitated 4AP‐evoked glutamate release from synaptosomes freshly isolated from naïve rat hippocampus and this effect can be significantly prevented by pretreatment of GR antagonist mifepristone, but not by mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist RU28318. Together, our results strongly support the presence of GRs on presynaptic nerve terminals in the rat hippocampus acting to facilitate the release of neuronal glutamate. Synapse 63:745–751, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.