Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chocs Away: Weight Watching in the Contemporary Airline Industry

This paper draws on empirical research into the recruitment, training, and management of female flight attendants, working primarily in the transatlantic business travel sector of the contemporary airline industry. We argue that whilst the `skills' which flight attendants are required to deploy are denied, being treated as somehow inherent abilities and thus neither trained nor remunerated, they are nevertheless managed in a directive way. This management involves, in particular, a focus on a flight attendant's figure, and `dieting' - what Naomi Wolf has referred to as `the essence of contemporary femininity' (Wolf 1990:200) - as a recruitment, training and managerial strategy. The work of a female flight attendant involves adhering to culturally prescribed norms on femininity as well as organisational regulations governing her figure - its presentation and performance - whilst undertaking work which involves, at least in part, serving food to others. We conclude that this aspect of the work of flight attendants is thus `a symbolic representation of the subordination of women. a concrete expression of their position as servers and carers of men' (Charles and Kerr 1988:84).
Estimation of Minimum Measure Sets in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces and Applications.

Minimum measure sets (MMSs) summarize the information of a (single-class) dataset. In many situations, they can be preferred to estimated probability density functions (pdfs): they are strongly related to pdf level sets while being much easier to estimate in large dimensions. The main contribution of this paper is a theoretical connection between MMSs and one class support vector machines. This justifies the use of one-class SVMs in the following applications: novelty detection (we give explicit convergence rate) and change detection
Secondary students' development as teachers over the course of a PGCE year

Research has suggested that students pass through different concerns or stages in their development as teachers. Although some authors have suggested that concerns or stages are sequential, other research does not support sequential concerns or stages of development. The major purpose of this study was to look at the concerns of students at different times during a one-year Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) course, particularly to identify any changes in concerns about school experience as they developed as teachers and whether the development of concernswas sequential. A second purpose was to look atwhether the Teacher Concerns Questionnaire (TCQ) is a useful instrument for measuring students' concerns. One cohort of students on a secondary PGCE course in Englandwas administered the TCQ on three occasions during the academic year 1996/97. Results showed that these students were moderately concerned about school experience at the three administrations of the questionnaire. Self and impact concerns were the highest causes of concern and task concerns the lowest causes of concern at all three administrations of the questionnaire. Results also showed that there was a significant difference in the amount of total concern between the first and second and first and third administrations of the questionnaire, but not between the second and third administrations. There were significant differences between scores on nine of the items on the TCQ. However, there were no significant differences between students learning to teach different subjects. The three categories of concern identified for the TCQ: self, task and impact concerns, were only partly supported by the results of this study. The results did not support work which has suggested that the development of concerns is sequential. The results are discussed in relation to the ongoing development of teachers and identifying concerns of individual students.
“You Start Feeling Old”

Using interview data from 38 musicians, this study examines the ways in which the transition to adulthood is complicated by aspirations to a nonstandard line of work. Musicians face a recurring set of obstacles as they move into adulthood and respond by enacting various tactics to reconcile these dilemmas. The “on-time” musicians do so by framing emerging adulthood as a time for exploration, while musicians in young adulthood regarded as “off-time” feel more pressure to disengage from musical careers. Those who persist are able to do so by successfully reframing the musician identity as congruent with adulthood. This research illustrates the challenges of attaining adulthood for those on nonstandard paths as well as the ways in which adulthood is achieved by contemporary young adults.
Exploring the Potential of Value-Added Performance Measures to Affect the Quality of the Teacher Workforce

The past decade has seen a tremendous amount of research on the use of value-added modeling to assess individual teachers, and a significant number of states and districts are now using, or plan to use, value added as a component of a teacher’s summative performance evaluation. In this article, I explore the various mechanisms through which the use of value added might affect teacher quality and describe what we know empirically about the potential of each mechanism. Given that many of these mechanisms work through the behavioral response of teachers to the high-stakes uses of evaluation, I argue that the jury is still out on how the use of value added will affect the quality of the teacher workforce.
Designing a multimedia conversation aid for reminiscence therapy in dementia care environments

As world populations grow older the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementia related illnesses increases (approximately 18 million sufferers worldwide). One particularly devastating effect of AD is the loss of short-term memory, which radically impairs the sufferer's ability to communicate. People with dementia, however, often retain a facility for long-term memory that can function strongly given appropriate stimulation.Project CIRCA (Computer Interactive Reminiscence and Conversation Aid), utilizes interactive multimedia (including audio, video, animation and QuickTime VR environments) to stimulate long-term memory to prompt verbal and non-verbal communication. We will demonstrate how - through good design practice, interdisciplinary collaboration and a user-centred approach to design - we can invest reminiscence therapy with technology-led solutions to assist our participating test groups (30+ people with dementia and 40 carers) in conversational settings. We will demonstrate how this adaptable, expansive, immediate and engaging tool can contribute significantly to 'quality of life' in dementia care environments.
The Evolution Of Pretence: From Intentional Availability To Intentional Non‐Existence

: I address the issue of how pretence emerged in evolution by reviewing the (mostly negative) evidence about pretend behaviour in non-human primates, and proposing a model of the type of information processing abilities that humans had to evolve in order to be able to pretend. Non-human primates do not typically pretend: there are just a few examples of potential pretend actions mostly produced by apes. The best, but still rare, examples are produced by so-called ‘enculturated’ apes (reared by humans) and among them specially those that have been systematically trained to use symbols (so-called ‘linguistic’ apes). A hypothesis that would explain the lack of pretence in apes is that they lack the mentalistic ability of theory of mind. However, in the last years apes have been demonstrated to possess relatively sophisticated social cognitive skills, some of them ontogenetically appearing in humans alongside with or even after pretend play. As a solution to the paradox, I discuss a model according to which pretence is supported by a mechanism capable of computing intentional relations with non-existing objects or properties (Intentional non-existence), as opposed to mechanisms computing intentional relations with existing, although not necessarily currently perceived, objects (Intentional availability). Apes possess the latter, which allows them to solve a variety of theory of mind tasks, but not the former, which typically prevents them from developing pretence.
Who Are You? - Real-time Person Identification

This paper presents a system for person identification that uses concise statistical models of facial features in a real-time realisation of the cast identification system of Everingham et al. [7]. Our system integrates the cascaded face detector of Viola and Jones with a kernel-based regressor for face tracking, which is trained on-line when new people are detected in the video stream. A pictorial model is used to compute the locations of facial features, which form a descriptor of the person’s face. When sufficient samples are collected, identification is performed using a random-ferns classifier by marginalising over the facial features. This confers robustness to localisation errors and occlusions, while enabling a real-time search of the database. These four different processes communicate within a real-time framework capable of tracking and identifying up to 5 people in real-time on a standard dual-core 1.86GHz machine.
Indian hedgehog promotes the migration of rat activated pancreatic stellate cells by increasing membrane type‐1 matrix metalloproteinase on the plasma membrane

Indian hedgehog (Ihh) is a member of hedgehog peptides family that exerts diverse effects on multiple cellular functions. Since Ihh expression is elevated in the pancreas of chronic pancreatitis patients, Ihh has been assumed to participate in the chronic pancreatic injury, especially in pancreatic fibrosis. However, its function in pancreatic fibrosis is still unknown. We thus examined Ihh effects on rat activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) that play a central role in pancreatic fibrosis. Activated PSCs express both patched‐1 and smoothened that are essential components of hedgehog receptor system. Ihh did not alter the PSC expression of collagen‐1 or α‐smooth muscle actin, a parameter of PSC transformation, or did not change PSC proliferation. However, Ihh enhanced PSC migration in both chemotactic and chemokinetic manners. Furthermore, Ihh increased the amount of membrane‐type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1‐MMP) and altered its localization on the plasma membrane, which plays a stimulatory role in cellular migration. In addition, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐2 (TIMP‐2) attenuated Ihh‐stimulated PSC migration. Since most hedgehog intracellular signals are mediated by Gli‐1 transcription factor, we investigated its contribution to Ihh‐enhancement of PSC migration. Ihh induced Gli‐1 nuclear accumulation in PSCs, indicating that Ihh stimulates Gli‐1‐dependent signaling pathway in PSCs. Unexpectedly, however, adenovirus‐mediated Gli‐1 overexpression blocked the Ihh enhancement of both MT1‐MMP localization on the plasma membrane and PSC migration. Furthermore, reduction of Gli‐1 expression with RNA interference augmented Ihh‐stimulated PSC migration. These data indicate that Ihh promotes PSC migration by enhancing MT1‐MMP localization on the plasma membrane but is negatively regulated by Gli‐1. J. Cell. Physiol. 216: 38–46, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Teaching Mathematics and Science Standards to Students With Moderate and Severe Developmental Disabilities

This study evaluated strategies to teach secondary math and science content to students with moderate and severe developmental disabilities in a quasiexperimental group design with special education teachers randomly assigned to either the math or the science treatment group. Teachers in the math group implemented four math units representing four of the five national math standards. The science teachers implemented four science units representing three of eight national science content standards. A fourth standard, science as inquiry, was embedded within each of the units. Results showed students made gains in respective content areas. Students who received instruction in math scored higher than students who received instruction in science on the posttest of math skills. Likewise, students who received instruction in science scored higher than students who received instruction in math on the posttest of science vocabulary skills. Limitations and suggestions for future research and practice are discussed.
Galeterone and VNPT55 disrupt Mnk‐eIF4E to inhibit prostate cancer cell migration and invasion

Metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) accounts for a high percentage of prostate cancer mortality. The proprietary compound galeterone (gal) was designed to inhibit proliferation of androgen/androgen receptor (AR)‐dependent prostate cancer cell in vitro and in vivo and is currently in phase III clinical development. Additionally, clinical studies with gal revealed its superb efficacy in four different cohorts of patients with mCRPC, including those expressing splice variant AR‐V7. Preclinical studies with gal show that it also exhibits strong antiproliferative activities against AR‐negative prostate cancer cells and tumors through a mechanism involving phosphorylation of eIF2α, which forms an integral component of the eukaryotic mRNA translation complex. Thus, we hypothesized that gal and its new analog, VNPT55, could modulate oncogenic mRNA translation and prostate cancer cell migration and invasion. We report that gal and VNPT55 profoundly inhibit migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells, possibly by down‐regulating protein expression of several EMT markers (Snail, Slug, N‐cadherin, vimentin, and MMP‐2/‐9) via antagonizing the Mnk–eIF4E axis. In addition, gal/VNPT55 inhibited both NF‐κB and Twist1 transcriptional activities, down‐regulating Snail and BMI‐1 mRNA expression, respectively. Furthermore, profound up‐regulation of E‐cadherin mRNA and protein expression may explain the observed significant inhibition of prostate cancer cell migration and invasion. Moreover, expression of self‐renewal proteins, β‐catenin, CD44, and Nanog, was markedly depleted. Analysis of gal/VNPT55‐treated CWR22Rv1 xenograft tissue sections also revealed that observations in vitro were recapitulated in vivo. Our results suggest that gal/VNPT55 could become promising agents for the prevention and/or treatment of all stages of prostate cancer.
Impact of injecting drug use on response to highly active antiretroviral treatment in HIV-1-infected patients: A nationwide population-based cohort study

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients infected through injecting drug use (injecting drug users, IDUs) compared to patients infected via other routes (non-IDUs). We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study of all HIV-infected patients who initiated HAART during the study period of 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2007. We compared changes in CD4+ cell counts, percentage of full viral suppression (<500 copies/ml) and mortality from start of HAART, as well as differences in initial HAART regimen. Three thousand six hundred and fifteen patients were included in the study, representing 22,804 person-y of observation. A total of 346 (9.6%) were categorized as IDUs. Of IDUs, 55% gained full viral control within the first y after HAART compared to 76% of non-IDUs (p = 0.0002). Absolute CD4+ cell count and survival were lower for IDUs compared to non-IDUs (adjusted mortality rate ratio 3.6 (95% CI 2.9–4.3)). IDUs were more likely to receive a first regimen based on protease inhibitors (PIs) compared to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimens for non-IDUs, and IDUs initiated HAART later than non-IDUs. In conclusion, more than half of the HIV-infected patients in Denmark infected through injecting drug use gained full viral suppression after initiating HAART. Absolute CD4+ cell count was lower and mortality higher among IDUs than non-IDUs.
The prognosis of childhood abdominal migraine

AIMS To determine the clinical course of childhood abdominal migraine, seven to 10 years after the diagnosis. METHODS A total of 54 children with abdominal migraine were studied; 35 were identified from a population survey carried out on Aberdeen schoolchildren between 1991 and 1993, and 19 from outpatient records of children in the same age group who had attended the Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital. Controls were 54 children who did not have abdominal pain in childhood, matched for age and sex, obtained from either the population survey or the patient administration system. Main outcome measures were presence or resolution of abdominal migraine and past or present history of headache fulfilling the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria for the diagnosis of migraine. RESULTS Abdominal migraine had resolved in 31 cases (61%). Seventy per cent of cases with abdominal migraine were either current (52%) or previous (18%) sufferers from headaches that fulfilled the IHS criteria for migraine, compared to 20% of the controls. CONCLUSIONS These results support the concept of abdominal migraine as a migraine prodrome, and suggest that our diagnostic criteria for the condition are robust.
The Impact of Cross-Cultural Training for Expatriates in a Chinese Firm.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the significance of cross‐cultural training and career attitudes for expatriation career move in the context of China, whether cross‐cultural training is perceived necessary, and the consequence of providing such cross‐cultural training.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 82 expatriates from a Chinese firm, some of whom were expatriated to a foreign country and others who were expatriated from foreign countries to China.Findings – Expatriates adjusted well, and having a protean career attitude was a decisive factor. While the impact of cross‐cultural training prior to departure was not statistically significant, it was well received and considered important.Research limitations/implications – A limitation is the limited sample size. Implications are presented for conducting cross‐cultural training.Practical implications – Developing cross‐cultural training programs could add value to the firm and its people.Originality/value – Using a pa.
Socialization values of mothers of Estonian preadolescents

The present study addressed socialization values of 187 mothers of preadolescent children. The Child-Rearing Goals Questionnaire consisted of item rating and item-choosing tasks. The study found mothers to be similar in emphasizing the values of self-direction and self-expression in their children, whereas conformity values were stressed more by the mid-SES mothers and mothers of sons. In the item-choosing task the first choice of all mothers was the same — for their children to be happy — despite their SES and the child's gender. Independence was the second choice of the high-SES mothers and the third choice of the mid-SES mothers whose second favourite value was to be hard working. The results demonstrate that all Estonian mothers were likely to emphasize such characteristics as independence and self-expression desirable for meeting the demands of a rapidly changing society while they varied in the extent of supporting conformity values in their children.
Phonological processing: a platform for assisting second-language learners with English spelling

The English spelling abilities of 22 adolescent English second language learners were related to their input processing skills. Strong correlations were found between their spelling of words containing first language (L1) and second language (L2) vowels and their auditory discrimination and phonological representation of these words. An increased length of exposure to English first language models was found to have a positive effect on their spelling and processing skills. Semantics was found to play a key role in the processing of words containing L1 and L2 vowels. Practical implications for educators and speech and language therapists working within multilingual classrooms are discussed.
Alkaline Phosphatase lsoenzymesof Liverand Bone OriginAre IncompletelyResolved by Wheat-Germ-LectinAffinityChromatography

We used wheat-germ-lectin affinity chromatography as a tool to investigate the structure of alkaline phosphatase (ALP, EC 3.1.3.1) and to obtain fractions enriched in either bone or liver ALP activity. Liver and bone isoenzymes in serum samples were incompletely resolved except that the activity in the nonretained fraction (fraction 1) always represented pure liver isoenzyme and constituted a larger percentage of total activity in pooled sera with increased liver ALP activity than in pooled sera with increased bone activity. In contrast, a more avidly retained ALP activity, presumably with high glycosylation, was found in human serum with high activity of bone ALP. Using a solid-phase immunoassay, we examined the fractions obtained from the wheat-germ-lectin-Sepharose 46 column to determine whether the isoenzyme preference of the monoclonal antibody was markedly influenced by the degree of glycosylation. Whether samples contained high proportions of liver or of bone isoenzyme activity, the nonretamed fraction contained a higher percentage of liver ALP, whereas the more strongly bound fraction contained a higher percentage of bone ALP. Except for eluted fractions that either contained no detectable N-acetylglucosamine or the highest percentage of it, the avidity of the liver-isoenzymespecific monoclonal antibody for ALP seemed to be independent of the degree of glycosylation, suggesting that the epitope for monoclonal antibody may be expressed in some structure other than the carbohydrate moieties.
Metacognitive Therapy: Cognition Applied To Regulating Cognition

Abstract The theory and principles of Metacognitive therapy (MCT) are described and data supporting its effects are summarized. MCT does not advocate challenging of negative automatic thoughts or traditional schemas. It proposes the existence of a universal maladaptive thinking style that causes disorder and focuses on helping patients regulate their cognition more adaptively. It aims to reduce worry and rumination and alter problematic patterns of attention and coping. In doing so it targets underlying metacognition that controls thinking and helps patients develop new ways of consciously experiencing inner events. Data from treatment studies suggest that individual MCT techniques and full treatment are highly effective. Further randomized trials are clearly warranted.
Remote ischaemic conditioning: cardiac protection from afar

For patients with ischaemic heart disease, remote ischaemic conditioning may offer an innovative, non‐invasive and virtually cost‐free therapy for protecting the myocardium against the detrimental effects of acute ischaemia‐reperfusion injury, preserving cardiac function and improving clinical outcomes. The intriguing phenomenon of remote ischaemic conditioning was first discovered over 20 years ago, when it was shown that the heart could be rendered resistant to acute ischaemia‐reperfusion injury by applying one or more cycles of brief ischaemia and reperfusion to an organ or tissue away from the heart – initially termed ‘cardioprotection at a distance’. Subsequent pre‐clinical and then clinical studies made the important discovery that remote ischaemic conditioning could be elicited non‐invasively, by inducing brief ischaemia and reperfusion to the upper or lower limb using a cuff. The actual mechanism underlying remote ischaemic conditioning cardioprotection remains unclear, although a neuro‐hormonal pathway has been implicated. Since its initial discovery in 1993, the first proof‐of‐concept clinical studies of remote ischaemic conditioning followed in 2006, and now multicentre clinical outcome studies are underway. In this review article, we explore the potential mechanisms underlying this academic curiosity, and assess the success of its application in the clinical setting.