Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Constructing audit society in the virtual world: the case of the online reviewer

Purpose - Online user reviews have increasingly become a popular means by which the lay person can both procure advice and offer personal opinions. Amazon, the electronic retail giant, is a prominent example of a site which hosts such user generated content; the opinions of its repository of reviewers have become an important source of assurance provision. The purpose of this paper is to suggest that Amazon provides an example of how audit logics have entered new spaces. In Amazon, the author witnesses the construction of auditability in the virtual world. This may explain the popularity and authority seemingly enjoyed by user reviews. Design/methodology/approach - The paper uses the methodological approach of netnography (Kozinets, 2002). This new methodology has emerged in order to undertake ethnographic research within virtual communities. Applying this methodology to the case of Amazon involved becoming familiar with the operational features of the site and analysing its textual discourse. Findings - The paper identifies in Amazon, Power’s (1996) three examples of how auditability is invoked: through rhetorics of measurability, auditable systems of control, and reliance on experts. The paper therefore argues that online user reviews are reflective of the extension of audit society into the virtual world. Originality/value - The paper explores the possibilities of the virtual world for accounting research, a world which is an increasingly prominent feature of popular culture. In addition, the paper responds to recent calls to examine the processes of assurance provision beyond the traditional domain of financial audit.
A Study of the Use of Social Media Marketing in the Football Industry.

Football clubs across the globe are realising that the use of social media is the future in terms of improving and expanding their business, whether this be for marketing purposes or as a medium for directly communicating with their fans. Although this study found that the majority of European teams researched have a social network presence, there was a difference in how effectively social media was used between the various leagues. This study demonstrates that most football clubs have some social media presence, such as the number of Facebook likes, Twitter tweets and YouTube videos. However, the findings indicate that well-known world-wide clubs don’t always use this commercial potential as effectively as they might and that teams with lesser prominence sometimes use social media in a more effective way in order to market effectively to their fan base.
Nitric Oxide and Prostacyclin Are Involved in Antithrombotic Action of Captopril in Venous Thrombosis in Rats

Summary The long-term administration of captopril to patients with a left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction reduces the rate of recurrent coronary thrombosis. Thus, in the present study we investigated the influence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is) on experimental venous thrombosis in normotensive rats and the involvement of NO and PGI2 in this effect. Animals were treated with captopril (1.5, 5 or 25 mg/kg twice daily, CAP), enalapril (15 mg/kg once daily, ENA) or distilled water for 10 days, per os. After ligation of the vena cava the thrombus weight decreased in both CAP and ENA treated rats. The effect was most pronounced in animals given the highest dose of CAP (p<0.0001 vs. control) and was significantly stronger than observed in ENA treated animals (CAP vs. ENA p<0.01). The mean blood pressure measured by the “tail cuff” method and platelet aggregation were not altered by either of the ACE-Is. The antithrombotic activity of CAP was reduced by indomethacin (2.5 mg/kg, s.c.) and independently by the NO-synthase inhibitor NG-nitro L-arginine methyl ester (3 mg/kg i.v. bolus + 3 mg/kg/h i.v. infusion, L-NAME). In the latter case CAP regained its antithrombotic properties in rats pretreated with L-Arginine (300 mg/kg i.v. + 300 mg/kg/h i.v.) before administration of L-NAME (p<0.05 vs. control). Moreover, the concomitant administration of indomethacin and L-NAME failed to completely abolish the antithrombotic action of captopril. Similar effects were observed in respect to the incidence of venous thrombosis. Our study documents a novel and important effect of ACE-Is on the vein thrombotic process and demonstrates the involvement of NO and PGI2 in this phenomenon.
Clinicopathological Significance of Dual-Specificity Protein Phosphatase 4 Expression in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast

Purpose Dual-specificity protein phosphatase 4 (DUSP4), also known as mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MKP) 2 is a member of the inducible nuclear MKP group. The role of DUSP4 in cancer development and progression appears to vary with the type of malignancy. The purpose of this study was to investigate DUSP4 expression in a case series of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Methods We constructed tissue microarrays consisting of 16, 14, 47, and 266 cases of normal breast tissue, usual ductal hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ, and invasive ductal carcinoma, respectively. DUSP4 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results Cytoplasmic DUSP4 expression was observed. DUSP4 was more frequently expressed in malignant than in benign cases (p=0.024). The mean DUSP4 expression score was significantly higher in malignant tumors than in benign lesions (p=0.019). DUSP4 expression was significantly correlated with a larger tumor size (>2 cm, p=0.015). There was no significant correlation between overall survival or disease-free survival and DUSP4 expression in all 266 patients. We evaluated the impact of DUSP4 expression on the survival of 120 patients with T1-stage tumors. Interestingly, Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that DUSP4 expression had a significant effect on both overall patient survival (p=0.034, log-rank test) and disease-free survival (p=0.045, log-rank test). In early T-stage breast cancer, DUSP4 expression was associated with a worse prognosis. Conclusion DUSP4 is frequently upregulated in breast malignancy, and may play an important role in cancer development and progression. In addition, it may be a marker of adverse prognosis, especially in patients with early T1-stage cancer.
A Supervoxel-Based Method for Groupwise Whole Brain Parcellation with Resting-State fMRI Data

Node definition is a very important issue in human brain network analysis and functional connectivity studies. Typically, the atlases generated from meta-analysis, random criteria, and structural criteria are utilized as nodes in related applications. However, these atlases are not originally designed for such purposes and may not be suitable. In this study, we combined normalized cut (Ncut) and a supervoxel method called simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC) to parcellate whole brain resting-state fMRI data in order to generate appropriate brain atlases. Specifically, Ncut was employed to extract features from connectivity matrices, and then SLIC was applied on the extracted features to generate parcellations. To obtain group level parcellations, two approaches named mean SLIC and two-level SLIC were proposed. The cluster number varied in a wide range in order to generate parcellations with multiple granularities. The two SLIC approaches were compared with three state-of-the-art approaches under different evaluation metrics, which include spatial contiguity, functional homogeneity, and reproducibility. Both the group-to-group reproducibility and the group-to-subject reproducibility were evaluated in our study. The experimental results showed that the proposed approaches obtained relatively good overall clustering performances in different conditions that included different weighting functions, different sparsifying schemes, and several confounding factors. Therefore, the generated atlases are appropriate to be utilized as nodes for network analysis. The generated atlases and major source codes of this study have been made publicly available at http://www.nitrc. org/projects/slic/.
An Improved Rotor PLL (R-PLL) for Enhanced Operation of Doubly Fed Induction Machine

A versatile method to compute the rotor position of a three-phase induction machine under balanced or unbalanced grid voltage is proposed in this paper. The rotor position of a doubly fed induction machine (DFIM) is computed in closed loop using R-PLL with the q-axis stator flux as the reference signal and the computed rotor speed as feed forward input. A PI controller is used to reduce the phase error while the updated feed forward input (rotor speed) eliminates the frequency error, thereby facilitating a quick and accurate response. Furthermore, the rotor speed is computed directly using only the measured stator voltages and currents, independent of any measurement of rotor current or position. Also, the speed computation process is free from voltage or flux integration or heuristic mathematical calculations. Starting on the fly and accurate computation near and through the synchronous speed even under unbalanced grid voltage are the attractive features. The effectiveness of the scheme is validated through PSCAD/EMTDC simulations and laboratory experiments. Excellent results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed scheme.
Isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus from milk and milk products and their drug resistance patterns in Anand, Gujarat.

Aim: The study was carried out with aim to isolate Staphylococcus aureus from milk and milk products (pedha and curd) and determine antibiogram pattern of S. aureus isolates. Materials and Methods: During 9 months duration of study a total of 160 milk and milk product samples (pedha and curd) were collected from different places in and around Anand city such as milk collection centre of Co-operative milk dairies, cattle farms, individual household, milk vendors and sweet shops. The samples were collected under aseptic precautions and were enriched in Peptone Water (PW) followed by direct plating on selective media viz. Baird-Parker Agar. The presumptive S. aureus isolates were identified by biochemical tests. Antibiogram pattern of S. aureus to antimicrobial agents were evaluated by disk diffusion method. Results: Analysis of result revealed that out of total 160 samples of milk (100) and milk products i.e. curd (30) and pedha (30) resulted in the isolation of 10 isolates (6.25 %) of S. aureus. In the present study S. aureus isolates were found variably resistant to the antibiotics tested. The S. aureus isolates showed highest sensitivity towards cephalothin (100.00 %), co-trimoxazole (100.00 %), cephalexin (100.00 %) and methicillin (100.00 %) followed by gentamicin (90.00 %), ciprofloxacin (80.00 %), oxacillin (70.00 %), streptomycin (60.00 %) and ampicillin (60.00 %). The pattern clearly indicated that the overall high percent of S. aureus isolates were resistant to Penicillin-G (100.00 %) followed by ampicillin (40.00 %), oxytetracycline and oxacillin (20.00 %) and streptomycin and gentamicin (10.00 %) Conclusions: Results clearly suggested a possibility of potential public health threat of S. aureus resulting from contamination of milk and milk products with pathogenic bacteria is mainly due to unhygienic processing, handling and unhygienic environment.
A screen of chemical modifications identifies position-specific modification by UNA to most potently reduce siRNA off-target effects

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are now established as the preferred tool to inhibit gene function in mammalian cells yet trigger unintended gene silencing due to their inherent miRNA-like behavior. Such off-target effects are primarily mediated by the sequence-specific interaction between the siRNA seed regions (position 2–8 of either siRNA strand counting from the 5′-end) and complementary sequences in the 3′UTR of (off-) targets. It was previously shown that chemical modification of siRNAs can reduce off-targeting but only very few modifications have been tested leaving more to be identified. Here we developed a luciferase reporter-based assay suitable to monitor siRNA off-targeting in a high throughput manner using stable cell lines. We investigated the impact of chemically modifying single nucleotide positions within the siRNA seed on siRNA function and off-targeting using 10 different types of chemical modifications, three different target sequences and three siRNA concentrations. We found several differently modified siRNAs to exercise reduced off-targeting yet incorporation of the strongly destabilizing unlocked nucleic acid (UNA) modification into position 7 of the siRNA most potently reduced off-targeting for all tested sequences. Notably, such position-specific destabilization of siRNA–target interactions did not significantly reduce siRNA potency and is therefore well suited for future siRNA designs especially for applications in vivo where siRNA concentrations, expectedly, will be low.
Radiation Doses to Contralateral Breast During Irradiation of Breast Cancer

Aims: External beam radiotherapy is being used regularly to treat the breast malignancy postoperatively. The contribution of collimator leakage and scatter radiation dose, as well as the dose of the treatment fields, to contralateral breast is of concern because of high radio sensitivity of breast tissue for carcinogenesis. This becomes more important when the treated cancer breast patient is younger than 45 years and therefore the contralateral breast must be treated as organ at risk. Quantification of contralateral dose during primary breast irradiation is helpful to estimate the risk and reduce scatter dose to the contralateral breast. Materials and Methods: In present study contralateral breast dose was measured in 30 cancer breast patients undergoing extenal beam therapy. Postoperative radiotherapy was delivered by medial and lateral tangential fields daily, in addition to supraclavicle field with 200cGy/F to a total dose of 5000cGy in 25 fractions. A themoluminescence dosimeter chips were employed for these measurements. TLD chips were put on the surface of skin of contralateral breast, on the level of nipple, with and without shield, TLD chips were removed and measured for dose after 2h on Harshaw reader 5500. Results: The dose at the contralateral breast nipple measured by TLD chips and it was between 4.5 and 17% of the total primary breast dose which is 5000cGy in 25 fractions. Further it was observed that the maximum contribution of contralateral breast dose was due to medial tangential half blocked field (in Kds2). Dose was reduced to one third of the scatter dose to the contralateral breast using 2mm of lead shield and some modifications in the treatment technique. Conclusion: Thermoluminescence dosimetry is quite easy, accurate and convenient method to measure the contralateral breast dose. Reduction in unwanted scatter dose to the contralateral breast is in accord with the philosophy of keeping radiation exposure as low as reasonably achievable and might be of most benefit for young patients.
Bifidobacterium bifidum as an example of a specialized human gut commensal

Bifidobacteria are considered dominant and for this reason key members of the human gut microbiota, particularly during the first one to two years following birth. A substantial proportion of the bifidobacterial population in the intestine of infants belong to the Bifidobacterium bifidum taxon, whose members have been shown to display remarkable physiological and genetic features involving adhesion to epithelia, as well as utilization of host-derived glycans. Here, we reviewed the current knowledge on the genetic features and associated adaptations of B. bifidum to the human gut.
Geographical variations in precipitation yields and circulation types in Britain and Ireland

The geographical distribution of daily precipitation with each of the Lamb-classification circulation types is examined for 65 locations in Britain and Ireland. Substantial differences in spatial receipt are related to exposure at the location concerned and length of ocean passage for the air mass involved. Airflow contrasts occurring at regional scales are also instrumental in producing geographical variability in receipt. Cyclonic south westerlies are identified as the most prolific precipitation-producing synoptic type for the area as a whole, while anticyclonic northerlies and north easterlies are the driest. Changes in the frequency of the 27 categories identified by Lamb are then examined over 130 years of record. A significant change in the make-up of the synoptic circulation is seen to have occurred in recent decades. Declining westerlies and increasing cyclonic and anticyclonic airflows are suggested as being primarily responsible for recent changes in precipitation geography. Future precipitation will be determined partly by such changes in airflow types.
Deriving and Validating User Experience Model for DASH Video Streaming

Ever since video compression and streaming techniques have been introduced, measurement of perceived video quality has been a non-trivial task. Dynamic adaptive streaming (DASH) over hypertext transfer protocol, is a new worldwide standard for adaptive streaming of video. DASH has introduced an additional level of complexity for measuring perceived video quality, as it varies the video bit rate and quality. In this paper, we study the perceived video quality using DASH. We investigate three factors which impact user perceived video quality: 1) initial delay; 2) stall (frame freezing); and 3) bit rate (frame quality) fluctuation. For each factor, we explore multiple dimensions that can have different effects on perceived quality. For example, in the case of the factor stall, while most previous research have studied how stall duration correlates with user experience, we also consider how the stalls are distributed together with the amount of motion in the video content, since we believe they may also impact user perceived quality. We conduct extensive subjective tests in which a group of subjects provide subjective evaluation while watching DASH videos with one or more artifacts occurring. Based on the subjective tests, we first derive impairment functions which can quantitatively measure the impairment of each factor, and then combine these impairment functions together to formulate an overall user experience model for any DASH video. We validate with high accuracy the user experience model, and demonstrate its applicability to long videos.
TAIR: testability analysis by implication reasoning

To predict the difficulty of testing a wire stuck-at fault, testability analysis algorithms provide an estimated testability value by computing controllability and observability. In most common previous work such as COP and SCOAP, signal correlation between controllability and observability is not well handled. As a result, the estimated values can be quite inaccurate, On the other hand, some previous work can take into account signal correlation but may require more CPU time. This paper discusses an efficient method for testability analysis improvement. Our algorithm starts with results obtained from conventional testability analysis such as COP. For each stuck- at fault, we gradually refine these results by recursively applying some simple signal correlation rules. Experimental results show that, with reasonable run-time overhead, significant improvement for testability analysis can be achieved.
Model-based 3D gait biometrics

There have as yet been few gait biometrics approaches which use temporal 3D data. Clearly, 3D gait data conveys more information than 2D data and it is also the natural representation of human gait perceived by human. In this paper we explore the potential of using model-based methods in a 3D volumetric (voxel) gait dataset. We use a structural model including articulated cylinders with 3D Degrees of Freedom (DoF) at each joint to model the human lower legs. We develop a simple yet effective model-fitting algorithm using this gait model, correlation filter and a dynamic programming approach. Human gait kinematics trajectories are then extracted by fitting the gait model into the gait data. At each frame we generate a correlation energy map between the gait model and the data. Dynamic programming is used to extract the gait kinematics trajectories by selecting the most likely path in the whole sequence. We are successfully able to extract both gait structural and dynamics features. Some of the features extracted here are inherently unique to 3D data. Analysis on a database of 46 subjects each with 4 sample sequences, shows an encouraging correct classification rate and suggests that 3D features can contribute even more.
The Nature, Functions and Related Risk Factors of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among Turkish High School Students

1Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Diseases, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey 2Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Diseases, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey 3Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Barış Mental and Neurological Disorders State Hospital, Nicosia, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus 4Department of Psychology, Gediz University School of Science and Literature, İzmir, Turkey Research Article
An ensemble approach to detect review spam using hybrid machine learning technique

Online reviews are becoming one of the vital components of e-commerce in recent years as so many people consider having different opinions prior to buying online products or apprehending any online service. Nowadays, in the era of web 2.0, it is completely understandable that people rely on online reviews more than ever while taking a decision. However, guaranteeing the authenticity of these sensitive and valuable information is hardly visible. Due to fulfill some immoral benefits, many people post fake review or fabricated opinion to uphold or devalue a certain product or service which certainly hampers the ingenuousness of the real fact. To detect fake reviews, many methodologies were introduced by harvesting the obvious content features, rating consistency, empirical conditions, helpfulness voting etc. The most of them are supervised models which mostly rely on pseudo fake reviews and the scarcity of good quality large-scale labeled dataset is still a hindrance. In this paper, we introduce an ensemble learning approach which combines two different types of learning methods (active and supervised) by creating a hybrid dataset of both real-life and pseudo reviews. This model holds 3 different filtering phases that is based on KL and JS distance, TF-IDF features and n-gram features of the review content. It achieves phenomenal results while working on almost 3600 reviews from different domains. In the best case, the precision, recall and f-score are above 95% and the accuracy it achieved is slightly above 88%. In the process, about 2000 reviews were manually labeled. After evaluating and comparing the results with other successful methods, it is quite clear that this detecting method is efficient and very promising.