Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of the aversive effects of drugs in self-administration: assessing the balance of reward and aversion in drug-taking behavior

Since the first experimental demonstration that a drug of abuse supports instrumental behavior, drugs have been discussed in the context of their rewarding effects, which are assumed to drive and maintain drug-taking behavior. Indeed, drug reward has been fundamental in the formulation of most models of drug use, abuse, and addiction. Over the last several decades, however, drugs of abuse have been increasingly recognized as complex pharmacological compounds producing multiple stimulus effects, not all of which are rewarding. The aversive effects of such drugs, for example, have been described by a number of researchers working in the field, although few attempts have been made to investigate the role of these aversive effects in drug taking. The present paper offers a historical perspective on the view that drugs of abuse are complex pharmacological compounds with multiple stimulus effects. In doing so, we argue that the discussion of drug reward only may be insufficient in accounting for drug taking and we present evidence for the theoretical position that both the rewarding and the aversive effects of drugs should be taken into consideration in ongoing attempts to model drug-taking behavior. The present review summarizes several decades of research characterizing the aversive effects of major drugs of abuse, as well as more recent studies seeking to assess directly the role of drug aversion in drug taking.
Standard form of the Boston Naming Test: Normative data for the Latin American Spanish speaking adult population.

OBJECTIVE To generate normative data on the Boston Naming Test (BNT) across 10 countries in Latin America, with country-specific adjustments for gender, age, and education, where appropriate. METHOD The sample consisted of 3,779 healthy adults who were recruited from Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and, Puerto Rico. Each subject was administered the BNT as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. A standardized five-step statistical procedure was used to generate the norms. RESULTS The final multiple linear regression models explained between 3-32% of the variance in BNT scores. Although t-tests showed significant differences between men and women for Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Cuba, Guatemala, and Bolivia on the BNT, none of the six countries had an effect size larger than 0.3. As a result, gender-adjusted norms were not generated. CONCLUSIONS This is the first normative multicenter study conducted in Latin America to generate norms for the BNT; this study will have substantial repercussions for the practice of neuropsychology throughout the global region.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the evaluation of bile duct strictures and gallbladder masses: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study objectives Recently, there are very few research on endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) of bile duct and gallbladder masses. The objective of this study was to assess the overall diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNA in the evaluation of patients with bile duct strictures and gallbladder masses with a meta-analysis. Methods The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cancerlit and Cochrane Library, and other database, from January 1995 to July 2010, were searched for studies evaluating EUS-FNA accuracy. Meta-analysis methods were used to obtain pooled estimates of sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, summary receiver operating characteristic curves, and the Q* index. Results A total of nine studies with 284 patients, who fulfilled all the inclusion criteria, were considered for the analysis. EUS-FNA had a pooled sensitivity of 0.84 (95% confidence interval: 0.78–0.88) and a pooled specificity of 1.00 (95% confidence interval: 0.94–1.00). Overall area under the curve was 0.9254, The Q* index was 0.8598 and the calculated diagnostic odds ratio was 75.1. No complications occurred. Conclusion EUS-FNA was an accurate and safe tool in the evaluation bile duct and gallbladder masses. High-quality prospective studies regarding EUS-FNA in the evaluation of patients with bile duct and gallbladder masses are still needed to be conducted.
L'attractivité résidentielle des agglomérations françaises

Sous le triple effet de la mondialisation, de l'integra- tion europeenne et de la decentralisation, les territoires re- gionaux sont de plus en plus mis en concurrence les uns avec les autres. Les villes francaises n'echappent pas a la regle. A toutes les echelles du territoire, la competitivite et sa valorisation est au cœur des preoccupations des elus et des decideurs economiques. Mais aujourd'hui, cette concurrence territoriale ne porte plus seulement sur la competitivite : la notion d'at- tractivite est en effet devenue incontournable, comme le montre son omnipresence, tant dans le discours des elus que dans les medias ou dans les etudes d'experts1. L'at- tractivite d'un territoire renvoie a sa capacite a attirer du- rablement differentes formes de ressources (humaines, economiques et financieres). Signe des temps, les pouvoirs publics se sont adaptes a cette nouvelle donne : en 2009, la DIACT2 est redevenue la DATAR, mais l'" Attractivite Re- gionale " a remplace la " Competitivite des Territoires " dans l'intitule, qui mentionnait initialement l'" Action Regionale "
Adherence to breast and ovarian cancer screening recommendations for female relatives from the Ontario site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry

&NA; This study compares adherence to breast and ovarian cancer screening recommendations among a population cohort of women at familial risk of breast and/or ovarian cancer. This cross-sectional study included 1039 first-degree female relatives without breast cancer identified from the Ontario site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry. We compared breast and ovarian cancer screening behaviors, using a telephone-administered questionnaire among three groups of women defined by their familial risk (high, moderate, and low) of breast and/or ovarian cancer. Associations between screening behaviors and familial risk were assessed using multinomial regression models adjusted by familial clustering. Women, 40–49 years of age, at moderate or high familial risk were significantly more likely to have had a screening mammogram within the past 12 months [odds ratio (OR): 2.80; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40–5.58], and women of less than 50 years of age were more likely to have a clinical breast examination (OR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.02–3.31) compared with women at low familial risk. Compared with women at low or moderate familial risk, women at high familial risk were significantly more likely to have ever had a genetic test for the BRCA 1/2 genes (OR: 2.67; 95% CI: 1.76–4.05). Although the overall level of adherence among high-risk women is suboptimal in the community, women at a higher familial risk are adhering more often to cancer screening recommendations than women at a lower familial risk.
Response and adaptation of photosynthesis, respiration, and antioxidant systems to elevated CO2 with environmental stress in plants

It is well known that plant photosynthesis and respiration are two fundamental and crucial physiological processes, while the critical role of the antioxidant system in response to abiotic factors is still a focus point for investigating physiological stress. Although one key metabolic process and its response to climatic change have already been reported and reviewed, an integrative review, including several biological processes at multiple scales, has not been well reported. The current review will present a synthesis focusing on the underlying mechanisms in the responses to elevated CO2 at multiple scales, including molecular, cellular, biochemical, physiological, and individual aspects, particularly, for these biological processes under elevated CO2 with other key abiotic stresses, such as heat, drought, and ozone pollution, as well as nitrogen limitation. The present comprehensive review may add timely and substantial information about the topic in recent studies, while it presents what has been well established in previous reviews. First, an outline of the critical biological processes, and an overview of their roles in environmental regulation, is presented. Second, the research advances with regard to the individual subtopics are reviewed, including the response and adaptation of the photosynthetic capacity, respiration, and antioxidant system to CO2 enrichment alone, and its combination with other climatic change factors. Finally, the potential applications for plant responses at various levels to climate change are discussed. The above issue is currently of crucial concern worldwide, and this review may help in a better understanding of how plants deal with elevated CO2 using other mainstream abiotic factors, including molecular, cellular, biochemical, physiological, and whole individual processes, and the better management of the ecological environment, climate change, and sustainable development.
Scholarly Communication and the Continuum of Electronic Publishing

Electronic publishing opportunities, manifested today in a variety of electronic journals and Web-based compendia, have captured the imagination of many scholars. These opportunities have also destabilized norms about the character of legitimate scholarly publishing in some fields. Unfortunately, much of the literature about scholarly e-publishing homogenizes the character of publishing. This article provides an analytical approach for evaluating disciplinary conventions and for proposing policies about scholarly e-publishing. We characterize three dimensions of scholarly publishing as a communicative practice—publicity, access, and trustworthiness—and examine several forms of paper and electronic publications in this framework. This analysis shows how the common claim that e-publishing “substantially expands access” is oversimplified. It also indicates how peer reviewing (whether in paper or electronically) provides valuable functions for scholarly communication that are not effectively replaced by self-posting articles in electronic media.
Off-line optimization of PI and PID controller for a vector controlled induction motor drive using PSO

This Paper presents a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method to determine the optimal proportional-integral (PI) or proportional-integral derivative (PID) controller parameters, for speed control of a Field Oriented Control (FOC) induction motor. The FOC induction motor has been modeled in MATLAB (Simulink) and the PSO algorithm has been programmed and implemented in MATLAB. Comparing with traditional Ziegler-Nicholson method, the proposed method is much more efficient in improving the step response characteristics in speed control as well as speed tracking of a FOC induction motor. Also PSO gives stable convergence characteristics and computational efficiency.
A Scalable Audio Fingerprint Method with Robustness to Pitch-Shifting

Audio fingerprint techniques should be robust to a variety of distortions due to noisy transmission channels or specific sound processing. Although most of nowadays techniques are robust to the majority of them, the quasi-systematic use of a spectral representation makes them possibly sensitive to pitch-shifting. This distortion indeed induces a modification of the spectral content of the signal. In this paper, we propose a novel fingerprint technique, relying on a hashing technique coupled with a CQT-based fingerprint, with a strong robustness to pitch-shifting. Furthermore, we have associated this method with an efficient post-processing for the removal of false alarms. We also present the adaptation of a database pruning technique to our specific context. We have evaluated our approach on a real-life broadcast monitoring scenario. The analyzed data consisted of 120 hours of real radio broadcast (thus containing all the distortions that would be found in an industrial context). The reference database consisted of 30.000 songs. Our method, thanks to its increased robustness to pitch-shifting, shows an excellent detection score.
ESP Projects, English as a global language, and the challenge of change

espanolEl presente articulo examina diversos proyectos relacionados con el Ingles para Fines Especificos (IFE) desarrollados durante los ultimos cuarenta anos y hace algunas predicciones para el futuro de IFE y su conexion con los avances en la educacion transnacional. El autor describe la situacion politica y economica que sustenta la propagacion del ingles como lengua global que a su vez contribuye al desarrollo de programas y proyectos relacionados con el IFE. Asimismo demanda una mayor sensibilidad sobre los aspectos contextuales sistemicos de los programas de IFE y cree que la implantacion de proyectos de IFE puede alcanzar un mayor exito si se aplican modelos teoricos que guarden relacion con la innovacion educativa. EnglishThe article reviews a number of key ESP Projects over the last 40 years and makes some predictions for the future of ESP and its link with developments in transnational education. The author describes the political and economic conditions behind the spread of English as a global language which in turn are driving the development of ESP programmes and projects. He makes a plea for a greater awareness of the systemic contextual aspects of ESP programmes and believes that ESP Project implementation can be made more successful by applying aspects of educational innovation theory.
The Role of PDGFs and PDGFRs in Colorectal Cancer

Introduction. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Angiogenesis was reported as one important mechanism activated in colorectal carcinogenesis. Tumor microenvironment associated angiogenesis involves a large spectrum of signaling molecules and deciphering their role in colorectal carcinogenesis still represents a major challenge. The aim of our study is to point out the diagnosis and prediction role of PDGF family and their receptors in colorectal carcinogenesis. Material and Methods. A systematic search in Medline and PubMed for studies reporting the role of platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and their receptors (PDGFRs) in tumor biology related to CRC was made. Results. PDGFs are important growth factors for normal tissue growth and division, with an important role in blood vessel formation. PDGFs/PDGFRs signaling pathway has been demonstrated to be involved in angiogenesis mainly by targeting pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. High levels of PDGF-BB were reported in CRC patients compared to those with adenomas, while elevated levels of PDGFR α/β in the stroma of CRC patients were correlated with invasion and metastasis. Moreover, PDGF-AB and PDGF-C were correlated with early diagnosis, cancer grading, and metastatic disease. Conclusions. Both PDGFs and PDGFRs families play an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis and could be considered to be investigated as useful biomarkers both for diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
FACE TO FACE VERSUS COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION: COUPLES SATISFACTION AND EXPERIENCE ACROSS CONDITIONS

of Thesis FACE TO FACE VERSUS COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION: COUPLES SATISFACTION AND EXPERIENCE ACROSS CONDITIONS This mixed method study examined differences in how face to face (FtF) and computer-mediated communication (CMC) were experienced for individuals communicating with their romantic partner. Forty-four individuals (22 couples) engaged in discussions in both FtF and CMC conditions in a laboratory environment, measuring communication satisfaction as an indicator of experience. Eight couples were also randomly selected to participate in interviews and their reports were used to add depth to the analyses and further inform the findings. Participants reported similar levels of satisfaction across communication conditions, which extends previous literature suggesting that users are able to adapt to text-based channels of communication to a degree that naturalness similar to that of FtF is achieved. Analyses also indicated a positive relationship between attitudes towards CMC use and history of CMC use. This relationship is discussed in terms of symbolic interactionism theory. Communication satisfaction item analysis and interview reports suggest that couples have varying attitudes and uses for CMC. Some couples report a hesitancy to use CMC given the lack of non-verbal cues and risk of miscommunication while other couples report that CMC is helpful in facilitating de-escalation of conflict and allowing partners to communicate more effectively around sensitive issues.
Borderline personality disorder and parenting: clinician perspectives

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a pervasive and debilitating mental health condition. Current literature suggests that children of families where a parent has a diagnosis of BPD may be particularly vulnerable to experiencing psychological and psychosocial difficulties. However, there is a limited understanding of the mechanisms by which difficulties may be transmitted from parent to child. Furthermore, fear of stigma and intervention from child protection services may be barriers to these parents engaging in research about their parenting experiences. An alternative source of information can be sourced from clinicians who work with these families in clinical contexts. This study aimed to explore mental health clinicians' perceptions of parenting problems that may be experienced by individuals with a diagnosis of BPD and clinicians' views on available parenting resources, supports or interventions for this cohort of families. Mental health clinicians were asked to provide their opinions via a voluntary and anonymous online survey. A total of 106 clinicians, trained in various disciplines and working in varied clinical contexts, participated from across four countries (Australia, USA, Canada and New Zealand). Thematic analysis revealed six themes relating to parenting problems within this population. These included disruption to empathic responsiveness, difficulties maintaining stable and/or safe environments, difficulty managing interpersonal boundaries, parenting skill deficits and poor parenting self-efficacy. An additional theme, capacity for adaptive parenting, was also identified. Finally, themes relating to effective and ineffective parenting resources, supports and interventions were discussed and recommendations were made for the development of future parenting interventions.
Loss of Ensemble Segregation in Dentate Gyrus, but not in Somatosensory Cortex, during Contextual Fear Memory Generalization

The details of contextual or episodic memories are lost and generalized with the passage of time. Proper generalization may underlie the formation and assimilation of semantic memories and enable animals to adapt to ever-changing environments, whereas overgeneralization of fear memory evokes maladaptive fear responses to harmless stimuli, which is a symptom of anxiety disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). To understand the neural basis of fear memory generalization, we investigated the patterns of neuronal ensemble reactivation during memory retrieval when contextual fear memory expression is generalized using transgenic mice that allowed us to visualize specific neuronal ensembles activated during memory encoding and retrieval. We found preferential reactivations of neuronal ensembles in the primary somatosensory cortex (SS), when mice were returned to the conditioned context to retrieve their memory 1 day after conditioning. In the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), exclusively separated ensemble reactivation was observed when mice were exposed to a novel context. These results suggest that the DG as well as the SS were likely to distinguish the two different contexts at the ensemble activity level when memory is not generalized at the behavioral level. However, 9 days after conditioning when animals exhibited generalized fear, the unique reactivation pattern in the DG, but not in the SS, was lost. Our results suggest that the alternations in the ensemble representation within the DG, or in upstream structures that link the sensory cortex to the hippocampus, may underlie generalized contextual fear memory expression.
Identification of Caveolin-1 as a Potential Causative Factor in the Generation of Trastuzumab Resistance in Breast Cancer Cells

The oncogenic tyrosine kinase receptor ErbB2 is a prognostic factor and target for breast cancer therapeutics. In contrast with the other ErbB receptors, ErbB2 is hardly internalized by ligand induced mechanisms, indicating a prevalent surface expression. Elevated levels of ErbB2 in tumor cells are associated with its defective endocytosis and down regulation. Here we show that caveolin-1 expression in breast cancer derived SKBR-3 cells (SKBR-3/Cav-1) facilitates ligand induced ErbB2 endocytosis using an artificial peptide ligand EC-eGFP. Similarly, stimulation with humanized anti ErbB2 antibody Trastuzumab (Herceptin) was found to be internalized and co-localized with caveolin-1 in SKBR-3/Cav-1 cells. Internalized EC-eGFP and Trastuzumab in SKBR-3/Cav-1 cells were then delivered via caveolae to the caveolin-1 containing early endosomes. Consequently, attenuated Fc receptor mediated ADCC functions were observed when exposed to Trastuzumab and EC-Fc (EC-1 peptide conjugated to Fc part of human IgG). On the other hand, this caveolae dependent endocytic synergy was not observed in parental SKBR-3 cells. Therefore, caveolin-1 expression in breast cancer cells could be a predictive factor to estimate how cancer cells are likely to respond to Trastuzumab treatment.
Avaliação da autonomia funcional de idosas fisicamente ativas e sedentárias

The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional autonomy of elderly practitioners (GPAF) and not physically active individuals (GNPAF) through a battery of tests developed by the Group of Latin American Development to Maturity (GDLAM), tests are consisting of walking 10 meters (C10M), rising from a seated position (LPS), rising from the prone position (LPDV) and rising from his chair and moving around the house (LCLC). Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t test for independent samples with significance level of p 0.05. Thus concluding that the tests used to assess the functional autonomy to perform activities of daily living ADLs are important and reliable tools for measuring the degree of functional autonomy of the elderly.
Accuracy of Free Throw Shooting During Dual-Task Performance: Implications of Attentional Disruption on Performance

The purpose of this research was to use the dual-task paradigm to examine the effect of a secondary reaction time task on free throw performance and to determine the point of peak attentional demand during the free throw process. Thirty subjects, ranging in age from 18 to 62 years (M = 23.9 + 8.3), with at least two years basketball experience at the high school level comprised the sample. After baseline measures, each subject completed 40 free throw trials. During the free throw, the participant was instructed to respond verbally to a sound stimulus to determine reaction time (RT). The sound stimulus was administered at one of 4 probe position (PP) conditions or was not administered (catch trial condition). Repeated measures ANOVA showed no significant difference in performance as a function of condition (probe position), suggesting that participants were able to keep the free throw as the primary task, assigning it the most attentional weight. Given these results, any increases or decreases in reaction time performance across probe positions could be attributed to an increase or decrease in attentional demand, respectively. A second repeated measures analysis showed a significant difference in reaction time as a function of condition. Tests of simple contrasts showed that reaction time at probe position (PP)1 and PP2 were significantly higher than baseline reaction time. These results suggest that the pre-shot routine (PP1) requires the greatest attentional demand, followed by the first upward motion of the ball.