Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
eQoS: Provisioning of Client-Perceived End-to-End QoS Guarantees in Web Servers

It is important to guarantee client-perceived end-to-end quality of service (QoS) under heavy load conditions. Existing work focuses on network transfer time or server-side request processing time. In this paper, we propose a novel framework, eQoS, to monitor and control client-perceived response time in heavy loaded Web servers. The response time is measured with respect to Web pages that contain multiple embedded objects. Within the framework, we propose an adaptive fuzzy controller, STFC, to allocate server resources. The controller assumes no knowledge of the pageview traffic model. It deals with the effect of process delay in resource allocation by its two-level self-tuning capabilities. We also prove the stability of the STFC. We implement a prototype of eQoS in Linux and conduct comprehensive experiments across wide-range server workload conditions on PlanetLab and simulated networks. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework: it controls the deviation of client-perceived pageview response time to be within 20 percent of a predefined target with both synthetic and real Web traffics. We also compare the STFC with other controllers, including static fuzzy, linear proportional integral (PI), and adaptive PI controllers. Experimental results show that, although the STFC works slightly worse than the static fuzzy controller in the environment where the static fuzzy controller is best tuned, because of its self-tuning capabilities, it has better performance in all other test cases by around 25 percent on average in terms of the deviation from the target response time. In addition, due to its model independence, the STFC outperforms the linear PI and adaptive PI controllers by 50 percent and 75 percent on average, respectively
The 3D vascular status of the follicle after HCG administration is qualitatively rather than quantitatively associated with its reproductive competence.

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to determine whether the vascular status of a single pre-ovulatory follicle is associated quantitatively and/or qualitatively with its reproductive competence. METHODS We studied 61 monofollicular IVF-embryo transfer cycles. Just before single oocyte retrieval, follicle vascularization was detected by transvaginal power-Doppler, 3-dimensionally reconstructed, and analysed quantitatively by coloured/gray voxel ratio [vascularization index (VI)] and qualitatively by blood cell displacement [flow index (FI)] calculation. Cycles were sorted in two sets of two groups: low VI (<or=8%, n = 44) and high VI (>8%, n = 17); low FI (<or=30, n = 22) and high FI (>30, n = 39). RESULTS Patients' characteristics, fertilization rates, and embryo morphology were comparable in all groups. In contrast, clinical pregnancy rates/oocyte retrieval (4% versus 33%, P < 0.009) and implantation rates (11% versus 50%, P < 0.04) were markedly poorer in the low as compared to the high FI groups, respectively, but remained similar between the low and the high VI groups (22% versus 23% and 38% versus 44%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS A qualitative (FI) rather than quantitative (VI) relationship exists between vascular status and functional quality of the follicle after HCG administration.
Pregnancy-preserving myomectomy: Preliminary report on a new surgical technique

Uterine myomas are found in 0.3–2.6% of pregnant women. In one case out of ten they cause complications. Treatment is primarily conservative but in cases of failure, surgery cannot be avoided. We present a case of a pregnant woman with myomas. Because of failure of conservative management and severe abdominal pain, we performed a myomectomy at 18 weeks' gestation with preservation of the pregnancy. We describe a modified surgical technique whereby interrupted sutures are first placed around the myoma for haemostasis. We achieved good pregnancy outcome by caesarean section carried out near term. Incidence, presentation, and challenges associated with the management of myomas during pregnancy are briefly discussed.
User Scheduling for Network MIMO Systems with Successive Zero-Forcing Precoding

In this paper we consider simplified greedy user scheduling algorithms for clustered network multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with successive zero-forcing (SZF) precoding. The optimal user scheduling involves an exhaustive search, which is very complex. Among various suboptimal but lower complexity algorithms, greedy algorithms with heuristic scheduling metrics have been shown to achieve performance close to the exhaustive search. In this paper, we propose two simplified algorithms: interference-aware greedy user scheduling (IA-GUS) and interference-whitening greedy user scheduling (IW-GUS). IA-GUS schedules the users based on the information on interference power of the selected users in surrounding cooperating clusters, and IW-GUS schedules the users based on the information on whitened channels of all users requesting the service in the cluster. IA-GUS has lower complexity and performs better than IW- GUS. Simplified metrics for proportionally fair (PF) scheduling are also proposed. Performance of the proposed algorithms is analyzed and compared with dirty paper coding (DPC), block diagonalization (BD) and systems without network coordination. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms for SZF achieve much higher outage capacity compared to BD with previously proposed algorithms.
Advancing the pharmacological treatment of bipolar depression

Bipolar disorder is a recurring, often chronic, illness characterised by periods of mania and depression with variable inter-episode recovery. For the majority of patients it is the depressive component of this illness that contributes to most of the associated morbidity, social disability and mortality. Research and clinical experience suggest that acute treatment and prevention of depressive episodes is by far the most challenging aspect of the care of patients with the disorder. This review examines the contribution of depression to the course and outcome of bipolar disorder as well as diagnostic difficulties that often complicate treatment and may lead to inappropriate medication. Key studies that form the evidence base of treatment recommendation for bipolar depression are presented and areas of therapeutic uncertainty are highlighted.
Dravet syndrome and parent associations: The IDEA League experience with comorbid conditions, mortality, management, adaptation, and grief

The advent of social networking via the Internet and the commercial availability of tests for SCN1A mutations permitted the rapid development and growth of parent‐led associations that provide advocacy and support, as well as promote education and research regarding Dravet syndrome (DS) in the last 10 years. The International Dravet syndrome Epilepsy Action League (IDEA League) is a partnership of parents and professionals united in the purpose of creating greater awareness and understanding of DS. In 2004, parents in the IDEA League support network began to collect data from families about their children with DS in order to investigate observations that, in addition to epilepsy, many of the children seemed to share similar problems. The information gained suggests comorbid conditions and raises many hypotheses for further research. The process has led to more rigorous formal studies and an increased understanding of the clinical spectrum of DS. There is an urgent need for collaborative research, comprehensive care, and professional and family education. Mortality appears high, primarily due to sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP) and status epilepticus (SE). Most parents wish direct discussions with their child’s physician about mortality. The high risk of death and the many other stresses related to DS result in recurrent grief and loss for patients and families and highlights their need for additional advocacy and support.
Treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction in randomized trials of vortioxetine for major depressive disorder or generalized anxiety disorder: a pooled analysis

Objective Antidepressants are frequently associated with treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction (TESD). Vortioxetine, which was approved for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), has a receptor profile that suggests limited impact on sexual functioning. Methods Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX) patient-level data were pooled from 7 short-term vortioxetine trials (6 in MDD, 1 in generalized anxiety disorder) and analyzed for incidence of TESD at any post-baseline visit in patients without sexual dysfunction at baseline (defined as ASEX total score ≥19; individual ASEX item score ≥5; or a score ≥4 on any 3 ASEX items). The primary objective was to confirm the non-inferiority of vortioxetine 5–20 mg/day to placebo on the incidence of TESD. Comparisons were based on the common risk difference (95% confidence interval). Additional analyses compared vortioxetine to duloxetine and duloxetine to placebo. A sensitivity analysis, defined as TESD at 2 consecutive post-baseline visits, was conducted. Results TESD incidence, relative to placebo, generally increased with vortioxetine dose with vortioxetine 5 mg non-inferior to placebo. Vortioxetine 10, 15, and 20 mg did not meet the non-inferiority criterion, but no dose had a significantly higher risk of developing TESD versus placebo. Changes in ASEX individual item scores supported the similarity of vortioxetine doses to placebo. Significantly higher TESD risk occurred with duloxetine 60 mg/day versus placebo and versus vortioxetine 5 or 10 mg. The sensitivity analysis was generally consistent with the primary analysis. Rates of spontaneously reported sexual adverse events were low. Conclusions Vortioxetine was associated with rates of TESD that were not significantly different from placebo in short-term clinical trials.
Differentially Expressed Transcripts and Dysregulated Signaling Pathways and Networks in African American Breast Cancer

African Americans (AAs) have higher mortality rate from breast cancer than that of Caucasian Americans (CAs) even when socioeconomic factors are accounted for. To better understand the driving biological factors of this health disparity, we performed a comprehensive differential gene expression analysis, including subtype- and stage-specific analysis, using the breast cancer data in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). In total, 674 unique genes and other transcripts were found differentially expressed between these two populations. The numbers of differentially expressed genes between AA and CA patients increased in each stage of tumor progression: there were 26 in stage I, 161 in stage II, and 223 in stage III. Resistin, a gene that is linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and breast cancer, was expressed more than four times higher in AA tumors. An uncharacterized, long, non-coding RNA, LOC90784, was down-regulated in AA tumors, and its expression was inversely related to cancer stage and was the lowest in triple negative AA breast tumors. Network analysis showed increased expression of a majority of components in p53 and BRCA1 subnetworks in AA breast tumor samples, and members of the aurora B and polo-like kinase signaling pathways were also highly expressed. Higher gene expression diversity was observed in more advanced stage breast tumors suggesting increased genomic instability during tumor progression. Amplified resistin expression may indicate insulin-resistant type II diabetes and obesity are associated with AA breast cancer. Expression of LOC90784 may have a protective effect on breast cancer patients, and its loss, particularly in triple negative breast cancer, could be having detrimental effects. This work helps elucidate molecular mechanisms of breast cancer health disparity and identifies putative biomarkers and therapeutic targets such as resistin, and the aurora B and polo-like kinase signaling pathways for treating AA breast cancer patients.
Personality effects on personal relationships over the life span.

Our personal relationships are shaped in part by our personality. Consider Jack, a single, outgoing, somewhat dominant, sometimes choleric man in his midtwenties, and Jill, a single, shy, sensitive, somewhat insecure, woman of the same age who would never drop an angry word about someone else. Each moves from the East Coast to the West Coast into a new position in the same company. How many new friends will each have after 1 month, and 5 years later? How will each one deal with parents and old friends who remain on the East Coast, after 1 month, and 5 years later? Will each find a love partner, and what will this relationship look like in 5 years? Readers will have no problems in generating expectations about the different social lives of Jack and Jill. For example, most would expect that Jack will report more new friends than Jill after 1 month, that Jack's friendships are less enduring than Jill's, and that Jack may be already divorced after 5 years whereas Jill may be still searching for a partner. Thus, it is obvious that adults' personal relationships depend in part on their personalities. Although each individual relationship also depends on other factors – the personality of the relationship partner, external influences on the relationship, the intrinsic dynamics of the interaction history of the two, and not to forget simple chance – enduring personality characteristics such as temperament, IQ, and one's basic attitudes and values push each relationship in a particular direction at least slightly.
Recalling Mixed Emotions: How Did I Feel Again?

n three longitudinal experiments, conducted both in the field and lab, we investigate the recollection of mixed emotions. Results demonstrate that mixed emotions are generally underreported at the time of recall, an effect which appears to grow over time and does not occur to the same degree with unipolar emotions. Importantly, the decline in memory of mixed emotions is: (a) not explained by differential importance levels across the distinct types of emotion experiences, and (b) distinct from the pattern found for the memory of negative emotions. These results imply that recall difficulty is diagnostic of the complexity of mixed emotions rather than of any association with negative affect. Finally, we show that one reason for these effects is the felt conflict which arises when experiencing mixed (vs. unipolar) emotions. Implications for consumer memory and behavior are discussed.
Mitral valve prolapse: causes, clinical manifestations, and management.

PURPOSE To assess the causes, methods of diagnosis, clinical spectrum, and management of mitral valve prolapse. DATA IDENTIFICATION Results of prospective study of over 800 subjects at Cornell Medical Center from 1979 to the present were used along with studies published from 1963 to 1989 identified by computerized literature searches of Index Medicus and MEDLINE, and by hand searches. STUDY SELECTION Studies involving controlled design, longitudinal follow-up, or critical assessment of diagnostic methodology, and clinical studies or previous reviews that have contributed most to the understanding of mitral valve prolapse were selected. DATA EXTRACTION Data concerning the causes, clinical manifestations and complications, and prevalence of mitral valve prolapse, as well as the strength of association between mitral valve prolapse and diagnostic signs, were evaluated and used to develop a practical approach to evaluating and managing patients. RESULTS OF DATA SYNTHESIS Most instances of mitral valve prolapse are primary and inherited, with possible genetic heterogeneity. Mitral prolapse may be diagnosed by auscultation of midsystolic clicks and late-systolic murmurs that respond typically to maneuvers, or by billowing of mitral leaflets across the mitral anular plane in long-axis, two-dimensional echocardiographic views or by a late-systolic, posterior leaflet displacement of at least 2 mm in meticulously targeted M-mode recordings. Mitral valve prolapse is associated with thoracic bony abnormalities, low body weight, low blood pressure, and a modest excess of orthostatic hypotension, syncope, palpitations, and atrial arrhythmias, but not with nonspecific symptoms (atypical chest pain, dyspnea, anxiety or panic attacks). Complications of mitral valve prolapse, including about 4000 mitral valve operations, 1100 cases of endocarditis, and possibly 4000 sudden deaths per year in the United States, are concentrated disproportionately in older men, with about 5% of affected men and 1.5% of affected women ultimately requiring valve surgery. CONCLUSIONS Prophylaxis for endocarditis and closeness of follow-up should be related to the occurrence of the independent risk factors for complications of mitral prolapse (presence of mitral regurgitation, male gender, and age over 45 years), whereas active management and close observation are needed for severe mitral regurgitation and advanced ventricular arrhythmias.
The existence of the vomeronasal organ in postnatal chimpanzees and evidence for its homology with that of humans

It is currently thought that New World monkeys, prosimians, and humans are the only primates to possess vomeronasal organs (VNOs) as adults. Recent studies of the human VNO suggest that previous investigations on Old World primates may have missed the VNO. We examined nasal septa from the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) grossly and histologically for comparison with nasal septa from humans, Old World monkeys (Macaca fascicularis, M. nemistrina) and prosimian primates (Microcebus murinus, Otolemur garnettii). Grossly, chimpanzees had depressions on the nasal septum similar to fossae reported anterior to the VNO openings in humans. Histologically, chimpanzees and humans had bilateral epithelial tubes which were above the superior margin of the paraseptal cartilages (vomeronasal cartilage homologue). The epithelial tubes had a homogeneous ciliated epithelium. These structures were thus positionally and structurally identical to the human VNO and unlike the well‐developed prosimian VNOs which were surrounded by vomeronasal cartilage. Macaques had no structures which resembled the VNO of either the prosimians or humans. The results demonstrate that the VNO is present postnatally in the chimpanzee and is almost identical to the human VNO in its anatomical position and histological structure. This in turn suggests that the reported absence of the VNO in at least some adult Old World primates is artifactual, and that further study may provide evidence for its existence in other species.
Report From a National Tobacco Dependence Survey of Psychiatric Nurses

BACKGROUND: Persons with mental illness smoke proportionately more cigarettes and die earlier than the general population. Yet compared with other clinicians, psychiatric professionals have intervened slowly with smoking patients. To assess psychiatric nurses' perspectives concerning tobacco dependence interventions, the American Psychiatric Nurses Association (APNA) Tobacco Dependence Task Force surveyed email-accessible APNA members (N = 1,365). OBJECTIVES: This paper reports survey results and implications for psychiatric nursing. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of a 29-item online survey conducted in early 2008. RESULTS: Most nurses asked if patients smoked but fewer advised against smoking, referred to cessation resources, or delivered intensive interventions. Nurses referred to resources if they felt motivated, knowledgeable, and/or confident in their skills and rated highly their patients' ability and/or motivation to quit smoking. Workplace characteristics were related to nurses' behaviors. Nursing curricula lack tobacco dependence content. CONCLUSIONS: Findings will guide efforts to support nurses in reducing/eliminating smoking by their patients through practice, education, research, and policy initiatives.
Lipid profiles of Helicobacter pylori colony variants

A phase variation in Helicobacter pylori has been previously described. In one phase the bacterium had a cell wall lipid content typical for gram‐negative bacteria (HpL), whereas in the other phase the bacterium was found to have a cell wall with increased amounts of lysophospholipids (HpS). The conversion is spontaneous, but could also be induced by acid (HpSind) and was associated with in vitro release of Vac A and urease. The purpose of the present study was to determine the full phospholipid content of the cell wall to indicate a molecular mechanism of the colony variation. There were no appreciable differences between the lipid profiles of HpS and HpSind, while there were major differences between HpL and the S‐variant. In the S‐variant, lysophospholipids constituted about 50% of the total phospholipids, as compared to less than 2% in the L‐variant. The proportion of total and individual cholesteryl glucosides also showed considerable changes. HpL was dominated by the phosphate‐linked cholesteryl glucoside (72%) while the acylated cholesteryl glucoside was the main cholesteryl glucoside of the S‐variant (65%). Our results demonstrate a dramatic change in cell wall properties after acid induction and spontaneously in vitro, and suggest some molecular mechanisms for this variation from an in vitro non‐virulent to a virulent variant.
The Human Rights Act 1998--why should it matter for medical practice?

A momentous event in British legal history was the introduction of the Human Rights Act 1998.1 Doctors need to understand its scope and consider its implications for medical practice.2 The Act has already made a substantial impact on medical law and will have a continuing effect on healthcare practice. It incorporates most, although not all, of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The Articles of the Convention that have had major impact on healthcare are Articles 2 (the right to life), 3 (the prohibition on torture and inhuman or degrading treatment), 5 (the right to liberty and security), and 8 (the right to respect for private and family life). None of these rights is absolute but Article 3 represents an absolute prohibition and cannot be interfered with by the State under any circumstances. Articles 2 and 5 are subject to limited exceptions. Article 8 is a qualified obligation that requires a balance to be struck between the interests of the individual and the wider interests of society.3 Any limitation or constraint imposed by a public body must be justified as being ‘proportionate to the legitimate aim pursued’. 4 This paper examines the background and scope of the Act, the interaction of the Articles of the Convention, and the impact on medical practice through engagement in life-and-death issues, mental health, confidentiality and access to treatment.