Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gene expression profiling of single cells on large-scale oligonucleotide arrays

Over the last decade, important insights into the regulation of cellular responses to various stimuli were gained by global gene expression analyses of cell populations. More recently, specific cell functions and underlying regulatory networks of rare cells isolated from their natural environment moved to the center of attention. However, low cell numbers still hinder gene expression profiling of rare ex vivo material in biomedical research. Therefore, we developed a robust method for gene expression profiling of single cells on high-density oligonucleotide arrays with excellent coverage of low abundance transcripts. The protocol was extensively tested with freshly isolated single cells of very low mRNA content including single epithelial, mature and immature dendritic cells and hematopoietic stem cells. Quantitative PCR confirmed that the PCR-based global amplification method did not change the relative ratios of transcript abundance and unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that the histogenetic origin of an individual cell is correctly reflected by the gene expression profile. Moreover, the gene expression data from dendritic cells demonstrate that cellular differentiation and pathway activation can be monitored in individual cells.
A Fusion Model for Network Threat Identification and Risk Assessment

Current practice for real-time security risk assessment typically takes Intrusion Detection Systems alerts as the only source of risk factor. Their assessment results are more likely to suffer from the impact of false positive alerts in the increasingly complex and severe network security environment. This paper proposes a novel online fusion model for dynamical network risk assessment by using multiple risk factors. The model is composed by three fusion levels. First, an online alert fusion algorithm is proposed and the redundancy of the raw alerts is dramatically reduced. Then, the model employs Dempster-Shafer theory to handle uncertainties and ignorance existed in the multiple risk factors. Threats in different kinds of severity levels are identified. Finally, the whole network risk distribution is dynamically calculated and reported by using HMM approach. Experiments show the effectiveness and validity of our method.
NEW RESULTS ON RF PROPERTIES OF SUPERCONDUCTING NIOBIUM FILMS USING A THERMOMETRIC SYSTEM

A cylindrical bulk Niobium cavity is used for measuring, with a removable end-plate method, the surface resistance RS of superconducting thin films (Nb or NbTiN) sputtered onto copper disks (Nb/Cu). An alternative device, for characterization of the RF properties at two frequencies (4 GHz: TE011 mode, 5.6 GHz: TE012 mode) of Nb/Cu samples was developed. The main feature of this technique, which is based on vacuum insulated surface thermometry, is an improved accuracy and sensitivity as compared to the usual RF method. Precise calibration of samples RF losses is performed with a DC heater and 24 thermometers mounted on the back-side of the test-disk and placed inside a vacuum can. This thermometric method along with a thermal model was used for studying the absolute RS distribution of several test-samples (bulk Nb and thin Nb films). This new facility allows also the determination of all the thermal parameters involved in the model (substrate thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficient at the solid-LHe interface). After validation runs, the RF properties of several Nb/Cu samples were successfully studied with this device. Interesting data were obtained and analyzed. We investigated in particular, the effect of the Nb film and Cu roughness resulting from different substrate surface preparations, on the RF properties of the samples.
Chicago spectrum occupancy measurements & analysis and a long-term studies proposal

This paper describes spectrum occupancy measurements performed in Chicago, IL in November 2005 and proposes long-term studies in multiple locations. The Chicago project consisted of deploying a high dynamic range spectrum measurement system, a data collection and processing system and conducting spectrum occupancy measurements in all bands between 30 MHz and 3,000 MHz (see Figure 1). These measurements were taken over a two-day period and are added to an existing body of data compiled in other cities and regions including Washington, D.C., and New York City. While these studies are critical in determining what bands have low utilization, longer-term studies are crucial in developing new spectrum access technologies such as cognitive radio algorithms related to Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS). The observed low spectrum occupancy in a business center like Chicago indicates that a DSS radio system could access a huge amount of "prime" spectrum. The unoccupied, large contiguous spectrum blocks show that DSS radios can use conventional contiguous waveforms and that high temporal agility may not be required to significantly expand the data capacity of an accessible section of spectrum. From both short-term and long-term spectrum occupancy studies, candidate bands for spectrum sharing can be readily identified along with unique signal characteristics within these bands. The most important use of the data will be to support senior U.S. (and non-U.S.) government officials in taking action to enhance the use of the currently under utilized RF spectrum resources and to make the R&D investments and policy changes needed to support the development of dynamic spectrum sharing radios.
The Power of Workplace Rewards: Using Self-Determination Theory to Understand Why Reward Satisfaction Matters for Workers Around the World

How can workplace rewards promote employee well-being and engagement? To answer these questions, we utilized self-determination theory to examine whether reward satisfaction predicted employee well-being, job satisfaction, intrinsic motivation and affective commitment, as well as valuable organizational outcomes, such as workplace contribution and loyalty. Specifically, we investigated the role of three universal psychological needs—autonomy, competence and relatedness—in explaining whether and why reward satisfaction matters for employees’ well-being. We tested our model in a large, cross-sectional study with full-time employees working for multinational corporations in six main world regions: Asia, Europe, India, Latin America, North America and Oceania (N = 5,852). Consistent with our theorizing, we found cross-cultural evidence that reward satisfaction promoted greater employee functioning through psychological need satisfaction, contributing to better organizational outcomes. Critically, our results were consistent regardless of geographic location. As such, this study provides some of the strongest evidence to date for the power of understanding psychological mechanisms in the workplace: Regardless of the actual rewards that employees received, how workplace rewards made employees feel significantly predicted their optimal functioning.
Time-dependent motor memory processes in amnesic subjects.

Functional properties of motor memory change with the passage of time. The time-dependent nature of memories in humans has also been demonstrated for certain "declarative" memories. When the declarative memory system is damaged, are the time-dependent properties associated with motor memories intact? To approach this question, we examined five subjects with global amnesia (AMN), including subject H.M. , and a group of age-matched control subjects. The task was to make reaching movements to visually presented targets. We found that H.M. (but not the other subjects) was significantly impaired in the ability to perform the visuomotor kinematic transformations required in this task, to accurately move the hand in the direction specified by a target. With extensive practice, H.M. 's performance improved significantly. At this point, a force field was imposed on the hand. With practice in field A, H.M. and other AMN subjects developed aftereffects and maintained these aftereffects for 24 h. To quantify postpractice properties associated with motor memories, subjects learned field B on day 2 and at 5 min were retested in field A. In both subject groups, performance in field A was significantly worse than their own naive performance a day earlier. The aftereffects indicated persistence of the just-learned but now inappropriate motor memory. After 4 h of rest, subjects were retested in B. Performance was now at naive levels. The aftereffects at 4 h indicated a reduced influence of the memory of field A. The time-dependent patterns of motor memory perseveration, as measured at 5 min and 4 h, were not different in the AMN and normal control groups.
Sensory Profile and Consumers’ Liking of Functional Ovine Cheese

The present research was undertaken to evaluate the sensory profile and consumers’ liking of functional ovine cheese containing probiotic cultures. Ovine cheese was made from ewe’s milk by animals reared in extensive conditions; cheesemaking trials were performed by using rennet paste containing probiotic cells. Experimental cheeses were denoted: cheese manufactured using lamb rennet paste without probiotic (C), cheese manufactured using lamb rennet paste containing a mix of Bifidobacterium lactis and Bifidobacterium longum (BB), and cheese manufactured using lamb rennet paste containing Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA). Ovine cheese containing probiotic strains highlighted a more intense proteolysis and a greater level of short chain free fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid due to the metabolic activity of the adjunct microflora. The sensorial profile of ovine cheese showed lower humidity and gumminess in cheeses containing probiotics as a consequence of differences in the maturing process; furthermore, probiotic cheeses scored higher ratings for salty and pungent attributes. An interaction effect of probiotic, gender, and age of the consumers was detected in the perceived and the expected liking. The higher rate of expected liking in all experimental cheeses is attributed to the information given, regarding not only the presence of probiotic strains but also the farming conditions and cheesemaking technology.
Addressing Seasonality in Veil of Darkness Tests for Discrimination: An Instrumental Variables Approach

Veil of Darkness tests identify discrimination by exploiting seasonal variation in the timing of sunset to compare the rate that minorities are stopped by police at the same hour of the day in daylight versus darkness. Such tests operate under the presumption that race is more easily observed by police prior to traffic stops during daylight relative to darkness. This paper addresses concerns that seasonal variation in traffic patterns could bias Veil of Darkness tests. The conventional approach to addressing seasonality is to restrict the sample to a window around Daylight Savings Time (DST) changes when the time of sunset is abruptly changed by one hour twice a year. However, this restriction reduces the variation in the timing of sunset potentially exacerbating measurement error in daylight and may still fail to address seasonality. The latter point is due to the fact that a substantial fraction of the seasonal change in daylight hours occur in the fall and spring (near DST) because of the elliptical nature of earth’s orbit. Therefore, we consider an alternative to simply restricting the sample to fall and spring where we instead apply an instrumental variables and fuzzy regression discontinuity approach. Our approach allows us to isolate the treatment effect associated with one hour of additional daylight on the share of police stops that are of African-American motorists. We find larger racial differences in Texas highway patrol stops using the regression discontinuity approach as compared to the annual sample, even though traditional approaches using the DST sample yield smaller estimates than the annual sample. The larger estimates are robust to the fall DST change sample, addressing concerns that motorists are tired and more accident prone immediately after the spring DST change.
Eye Movement Behaviour Differential Privacy Time AR / VR User Third Parties AR / VR Companies Unauthorised Third Parties Gender Sexual

With eye tracking being increasingly integrated into virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) head-mounted displays, preserving users’ privacy is an ever more important, yet under-explored, topic in the eye tracking community. We report a large-scale online survey (N=124) on privacy aspects of eye tracking that provides the first comprehensive account of with whom, for which services, and to what extent users are willing to share their gaze data. Using these insights, we design a privacy-aware VR interface that uses differential privacy, which we evaluate on a new 20-participant dataset for two privacy sensitive tasks: We show that our method can prevent user re-identification and protect gender information while maintaining high performance for gaze-based document type classification. Our results highlight the privacy challenges particular to gaze data and demonstrate that differential privacy is a potential means to address them. Thus, this paper lays important foundations for future research on privacy-aware gaze interfaces. CCS CONCEPTS • Security and privacy → Human and societal aspects of security and privacy; •Human-centered computing→Human computer interaction (HCI);
Clinical Interventions in Aging Dovepress Comparative Clinicopathological and Outcome Analysis of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in Saudi Patients Aged below 60 Years and above 60 Years

hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcomes of differentiated thyroid cancer in Saudi patients aged above 60 years. Materials and methods: Comparative analysis was performed in 252 patients aged 46–60 years (Group A) and 118 patients aged above 60 years (Group B), who had thyroidec-tomy, radioactive iodine-131, and thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression therapy between July 2000 and December 2012. Different clinicopathological features, treatment, complications, disease-free survival, and overall survival rates were compared. Results: Mean age of patients in Group A was 51.9 years (range: 46–60), and mean age of those in Group B was 68.6 years (range: 62–97). Group B patients had higher positive lymph nodes (43.2%), P=0.011. The frequency of extrathyroidal extension, multifocality, and lymphovascular space invasion was seen more in Group B than in Group A. Postsurgical complications (permanent hypoparathyroidism, bleeding, and wound infections) were also seen more in Group B (P=0.043, P=0.011, and P=0.021, respectively). Group B patients experienced more locoregional recurrences (11.0%, P=0.025); similarly, more distant metastases were observed in Group B (15.3%, P=0.003). The 10-year disease-free survival rates were 87.6% in Group A and 70.8% in Group B (P0.0001). Conclusion: Differentiated thyroid cancer in patients aged above 60 years are more aggressive biologically and associated with a worse prognosis, and the morbidity is significantly high as compared to patients aged below 60 years.
Tobacco smuggling in the Western Balkan region: Exploring habits, attitudes, and predictors of illegal tobacco demand

In this paper, the relationship between unemployment and crime is analysed. A panel of 20 Croatian counties over the years 1998-2013 is used to estimate the effect of unemployment on the rates of various groups of property and violent crimes. According to the theory of economics of crime, increase in unemployment leads to higher crime rates. A fixed-effects model, including time- and county-specific effects and several covariates, is estimated. The results show there is no impact of unemployment on aggregate property crimes. For all violent crimes bar rapes, the results oppose the theory and intuition. The unexpected results are discussed in the context of the Croatian-specific macro-environment.
Video Tracking Based on Sequential Particle Filtering on Graphs

In this paper, we develop a novel solution for particle filtering on general graphs. We provide an exact solution for particle filtering on directed cycle-free graphs. The proposed approach relies on a partial-order relation in an antichain decomposition that forms a high-order Markov chain over the partitioned graph. We subsequently derive a closed-form sequential updating scheme for conditional density propagation using particle filtering on directed cycle-free graphs. We also provide an approximate solution for particle filtering on general graphs by splitting graphs with cycles into multiple directed cycle-free subgraphs. We then use the sequential updating scheme by alternating among the directed cycle-free subgraphs to obtain an estimate of the density propagation. We rely on the proposed method for particle filtering on general graphs for two video tracking applications: 1) object tracking using high-order Markov chains; and 2) distributed multiple object tracking based on multi-object graphical interaction models. Experimental results demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed approach to particle filtering on graphs compared with existing methods for video tracking.
Inattentional Blindness

Surprising as it may seem, research shows that we rarely see what we are looking at unless our attention is directed to it. This phenomenon can have serious life-and-death consequences. Although the inextricable link between perceiving and attending was noted long ago by Aristotle, this phenomenon, now called inattentional blindness (IB), only recently has been named and carefully studied. Among the many questions that have been raised about IB are questions about the fate of the clearly visible, yet unseen stimuli, whether any stimuli reliably capture attention, and, if so, what they have in common. Finally, is IB an instance of rapid forgetting, or is it a failure to perceive?
Linkage Disequilibrium on the Bovine X Chromosome: Characterization and Use in Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping

We herein demonstrate that in the Holstein–Friesian dairy cattle population, microsatellites are as polymorphic on the X chromosome as on the autosomes but that the level of linkage disequilibrium between these markers is higher on the X chromosome than on the autosomes. The latter observation is not compatible with the small male-to-female ratio that prevails in this population and results in a higher gonosomal than autosomal effective population size. It suggests that the X chromosome undergoes distinct selective or mutational forces. We describe and characterize a novel Markovian approach to exploit this linkage disequilibrium to compute the probability that two chromosomes are identical-by-descent conditional on flanking marker data. We use the ensuing probabilities in a restricted maximum-likelihood approach to search for quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting 48 traits of importance to the dairy industry and provide evidence for the presence of QTL affecting 5 of these traits on the bovine X chromosome.
Fluid evolution within Eastern Rhodopian sedimentary rock-hosted low-sulfidation epithermal gold deposits , Bulgaria

The low-sulfidation epithermal gold prospects from the Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria are dominantly hoste d by syndetachment sedimentary rocks of Maastrichtian-Paleo cene age. On the basis of the alteration mineralogy and textural relationships, it is concluded that gold may have b e n deposited as a consequence of different physica l-chemical processes in the various prospects: cooling or boiling of the or fluid, oxidation or other changes caused by mixin g of two fluids, or wall rock reactions such as reduction of fluids by organ ic matter or sulfidation. The gold transport as a b isulfide complex and the importance of sulfidation as depositional process i s uggested by: 1) sulphidation of host rock iron; 2) mass transfer studies; 3) low salinity of the fluids; and 4) high Au/Ag ratio s in electrum. Given that gold was transported as a bisulfide complex, knowledge of the sites of H 2S generation is crucial to gather information about the source and the pathways of the ore-forming fluids. The combined oxygen and wide range sulfur i sotopic compositions suggests a variety of sources: including magmatic/metamorphic fluids, or surficial waters eq uilibrated with magmatic and metamorphic rocks, as well as dissolution of pyrite, and thermochemical sulfate reduction in sed im ntary rocks in various prospects.
Limitations to carbon mineralization in litter and mineral soil of young and old ponderosa pine forests

Summer drought is a feature of the semi-arid region of central Oregon, USA, where vegetation naturally develops into ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. Laws) forest. Forest management consists of clearcut harvest and natural regeneration. Soil microbial activity is interconnected with forest processes because substrate quality and availability can be important driving variables. Stand development influences the soil water regime, and water availability may also limit microbial activity. We determined factors limiting litter and mineral soil carbon (C) mineralisation rates in undisturbed old growth and regenerating (hereafter, young) ponderosa pine stands under a semi-arid climate. Mass of litter and dead fine roots did not differ significantly between the stands, but litter substrate quality was different. Young stand litter had significantly higher concentrations of total nitrogen (N), extractable organic N, extractable C, and microbial C and N than that from the old stand, probably because of litter fall from the broadleaved shrub understorey, including the N-fixing species Purshia tridentata (Pursch) DC, that comprised 40% of the young stand’s leaf area. The old stand contained no understorey. For litter samples from the two stands, wetted to 60% of water-holding capacity (WHC), net mineral-N and CO2–C mineralisation rates were similar despite the substrate quality differences. Mineral soil properties at 0–0.1 m depth were similar in the two stands, except for lower CO2–C production in samples from the young stand; at 0.1–0.5 m depth, total C and N and microbial N concentrations were higher in the young stand. Net mineral-N production in field-moist soil, sampled during a typical summer drought and incubated at 25 8C for 56 days, was generally 3–6 mg kg 1 soil at both sites, but increased up to 29 mg kg 1 upon wetting to 60% of water-holding capacity. Over 56-day-long incubations, wetting also increased litter and soil microbial respiration rates by factors of about 500 and 3, respectively. The incubations yielded a proportionality between respiration rate and water content that was supported by in situ measurements of soil respiration in the young stand, before and after irrigation. A hypothetically wet year without soil water deficit caused a 2.5-fold increase in a modelled estimate of the young stand’s annual soil respiration rate. Litter and soil C mineralisation rates in these ponderosa pine forests thus appeared to be limited much more by the availability of water than by a lack of available C or N substrates. # 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A Publication of the Association of Management E-HRM : FROM ACCEPTANCE TO VALUE CREATION

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of electronic human resources management (E-HRM) acceptance on value creation in organizations. The research population consisted of line and project managers and staff who work with E-HRM tools. Partial least squares were used to analyze the research hypotheses. Results demonstrated that EHRM has positive and significant effect on value creation. It's worth mentioning that just E-HRM acceptance doesn't result in operational cost reduction. For fulfilling these results, we need managerial decisions which will cause the desired results and affect them.