Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time donation: factors influencing volunteering

This study had as its general objective to identify the variables that motivate Brazilian individuals to get involved in volunteer work. As the specific objective, we sought to identify what motivates Brazilian individuals to get involved with voluntary work in three different types of organizations: Public/Private Foundations, Religious organizations and charitable organizations. To achieve these goals, a literature review was conducted and 18 variables where identified. These variables indicate the importance of volunteering for individuals and are associated according to their similarity in relation to internal and external factors. The research methodology was descriptive and quantitative, cross-sectional and used primary data. The variables were tested with 321 volunteers from various organizations and data were collected by questionnaires. Data analysis presented the sample characterization and descriptive statistics of volunteers and four multiple linear regressions. Results for the volunteer’s behavior demonstrated that self-esteem and social responsibility are positively associated with attribution of volunteering importance. On the other hand, feeling obligated to volunteer and seeking a better professional image through volunteering are negatively associated with attribution of volunteering importance. For volunteers who donate time for public/private foundations, self-esteem was positively associated and personal obligation was negatively associated regarding the importance of volunteering. As for volunteers providing services for religious organizations, the variable self-esteem was positively associated and the affinity with other donors was negatively associated with the importance of volunteering. Finally, for those donating time to charitable organizations, self-esteem and solidarity were positively associated and personal obligation was negatively associated with the importance of volunteering.
Reverse engineering of use case realizations in UML

We propose a novel technique for recovering certain elements of the U M L model of a software system. These include relationships between use cases as well as class roles in collaborations that realize each use case, identifying common functionality and thus establishing a hierarchical view of the model. The technique is based on dynamic analysis of the system for the selected test cases that cover relevant use cases. The theory of formal concept analysis is applied to obtain classification of model elements, obtained by a static analysis of code, in terms of use case realizations. Keywords
Hedging Pressure Effects in Futures Markets

We present a simple model implying that futures risk premia depend on both own-market and cross-market hedging pressures. Empirical evidence from 20 futures markets, divided into four groups (financial, agricultural, mineral, and currency) indicates that, after controlling for systematic risk, both the futures own hedging pressure and cross-hedging pressures from within the group significantly affect futures returns. These effects remain significant after controlling for a measure of price pressure. Finally, we show that hedging pressure also contains explanatory power for returns on the underlying asset, as predicted by the model. Copyright The American Finance Association 2000.
The molecular mechanism linking muscle fat accumulation to insulin resistance

Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is a co-morbidity of obesity and a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance is associated with the accumulation of intramyocellular lipids. Intramyocellular triacylglycerols do not appear to be the cause of insulin resistance but are more likely to be a marker of other lipid intermediates such as fatty acyl-CoA, ceramides or diacylglycerols. Fatty acyl-CoA, ceramides and diacylglycerols are known to directly alter various aspects of the insulin signalling cascade. Insulin signalling is inhibited by the phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues at the levels of the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate 1. Protein kinase C is responsible for the phosphorylation of the serine and threonine residues. Fatty acyl-CoA and diacylglycerols are known to activate protein kinase C. The cause of the intramyocellular accumulation of fatty acyl-CoA and diacylglycerols is unclear at this time. Reduced fatty acid oxidation does not appear to be responsible, as fatty acyl-CoA accumulates in skeletal muscle with a normal fatty acid oxidative capacity. Other potential mechanisms include oversupply of lipids to muscle and/or up regulated fatty acid transport.
Bias caused by template annealing in the amplification of mixtures of 16S rRNA genes by PCR

The PCR is used widely for the study of rRNA genes amplified from mixed microbial populations. These studies resemble quantitative applications of PCR in that the templates are mixtures of homologs and the relative abundance of amplicons is thought to provide some measure of the gene ratios in the starting mixture. Although such studies have established the presence of novel rRNA genes in many natural ecosystems, inferences about gene abundance have been limited by uncertainties about the relative efficiency of gene amplification in the PCR. To address this question, three rRNA gene standards were prepared by PCR, mixed in known proportions, and amplified a second time by using primer pairs in which one primer was labeled with a fluorescent nucleotide derivative. The PCR products were digested with restriction endonucleases, and the frequencies of genes in the products were determined by electrophoresis on an Applied Biosystems 373A automated DNA sequencer in Genescan mode. Mixtures of two templates amplified with the 519F-1406R primer pair yielded products in the predicted proportions. A second primer pair (27F-338R) resulted in strong bias towards 1:1 mixtures of genes in final products, regardless of the initial proportions of the templates. This bias was strongly dependent on the number of cycles of replication. The results fit a kinetic model in which the reannealing of genes progressively inhibits the formation of template-primer hybrids.
Adult Attachment Styles and Conflict Management Behaviors in Interpersonal Relationships at Work

This study examines how attachment styles affect individuals’ conflict management behaviors among Thai workers. The respondents were Thai workers working for Thai organizations. A self-administered questionnaire was used in data collection. Totally, 415 usable questionnaires were returned. The one-way MANOVA was employed to examine the hypotheses. Findings revealed that individuals with a secure attachment style demonstrated more integrating and compromising conflict styles than those with insecure attachment styles. Findings also found that Individuals with a preoccupied attachment style demonstrated more obliging conflict management style than those with dismissive attachment style. รปแบบความผกพนและพฤตกรรมการจดการความขดแยงระหวางบคคลในททำงาน การศกษาครงนมวตถประสงคเพอศกษาประเดนของรปแบบความผกพนของกลมคนวยทำงานและผลกระทบตอการจดการความขดแยงทเกดขนในททำงาน โดยใชแบบสอบถามในการเกบขอมล และใชการวเคราะหความแปรปรวนพหคณแบบทางเดยวในการทดสอบสมมตฐานผลการวจยพบวาผทมรปแบบความผกพนแบบมนคงจดการความขดแยงแบบบรณาการและแบบประนประนอมมากกวาผทมรปแบบความผกพนแบบไมมนคง ผทมรปแบบความผกพนแบบกงวลจดการความขดแยงแบบยอมทำตามมากกวาผทมรปแบบความผกพนแบบทะนงตน
Capturing Discriminative Attributes in a Distributional Space: Task Proposal

If lexical similarity is not enough to reliably assess how word vectors would perform on various specific tasks, we need other ways of evaluating semantic representations. We propose a new task, which consists in extracting semantic differences using distributional models: given two words, what is the difference between their meanings? We present two proof of concept datasets for this task and outline how it may be performed.
Ranking specialization for web search: a divide-and-conquer approach by using topical RankSVM

Many ranking algorithms applying machine learning techniques have been proposed in informational retrieval and Web search. However, most of existing approaches do not explicitly take into account the fact that queries vary significantly in terms of ranking and entail different treatments regarding the ranking models. In this paper, we apply a divide-and-conquer framework for ranking specialization, i.e. learning multiple ranking models by addressing query difference. We first generate query representation by aggregating ranking features through pseudo feedbacks, and employ unsupervised clustering methods to identify a set of ranking-sensitive query topics based on training queries. To learn multiple ranking models for respective ranking-sensitive query topics, we define a global loss function by combining the ranking risks of all query topics, and we propose a unified SVM-based learning process to minimize the global loss. Moreover, we employ an ensemble approach to generate the ranking result for each test query by applying a set of ranking models of the most appropriate query topics. We conduct experiments using a benchmark dataset for learning ranking functions as well as a dataset from a commercial search engine. Experimental results show that our proposed approach can significantly improve the ranking performance over existing single-model approaches as well as straightforward local ranking approaches, and the automatically identified ranking-sensitive topics are more useful for enhancing ranking performance than pre-defined query categorization.
Hecke's integral formula for quadratic extensions of a number field

Let K/F be a quadratic extension of number fields. After developing a theory of the Eisenstein series over F, we prove a formula which expresses a partial zeta function of K as a certain integral of the Eisenstein series. As an application, we obtain a limit formula of Kronecker's type which relates the 0-th Laurent coefficients at s=1 of zeta functions of K and F.
Management of Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody Euthyroid Women in Pregnancy: Comparison of the American Thyroid Association and the Endocrine Society Guidelines

The presence of thyroid autoantibodies is relatively high in women of childbearing age. There is evidence that positive thyroperoxidase antibody even in euthyroid women may increase the risk of spontaneous and recurrent pregnancy loss and preterm delivery. However, the evidence is not enough to justify recommendation on the screening of pregnant women for thyroid autoantibodies or LT4 supplementation for reducing maternal or fetal complications. In this paper we reviewed the related evidence and compared the new guidelines of the American Thyroid Association and Endocrine Society with respect to the screening and management of positive thyroperoxidase antibody in euthyroid pregnant women. As there was no major contradiction or disagreement between the two guidelines, either one of two guidelines may be used by clinicians for the appropriate management of thyroid autoimmunity during pregnancy.
A quality oriented approach towards information requirement determination in equivocal situations

1 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 3 An overview of motivations for this study: IRD for systems assisting decision making in equivocal situations . 3 Research objective and questions . 6 Structure of thesis . 8 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 12 Introduction . 12 Information Requirement Determination (IRD) . 13 Information needs . 16 Importance of IRD and its complexity . 17 Aim of IRD methods and their limitations . 20 Activities performed in IRD. 22 Stakeholders involved in IRD . 25 IRD in the context of individual decision making in equivocal situations . 28 Addressing IRD limitations by selecting suitable high level strategies . 31 Information needs, expectations and experience . 34 Characteristics of information needs . 35 Context analysis and problem definition . 36 Presentation of information requirements to different stakeholders . 37 Verification of determined information with users . 38 Quality of required information . 38
Singing from the Grave: DNA from a 180 Year Old Type Specimen Confirms the Identity of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens)

Historically serving as repositories for morphologically-based taxonomic research, natural history collections are now increasingly being targeted in studies utilizing DNA data. The development of advanced molecular techniques has facilitated extraction of useable DNA from old specimens, including type material. Sequencing diagnostic molecular markers from type material enables accurate species designation, especially where modern taxonomic hypotheses confirm morphologically cryptic species complexes. One such example is Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), which belongs to a complex of about 20 cryptic species, most of which can only be reliably distinguished by their pre-mating courtship songs or by DNA analysis. The subtle morphological variation in the group has led to disagreement over the previous designation of the lectotype for C. carnea, an issue that has been further compounded because Chrysoperla carnea is a highly valued biological control agent in arable crops. Archival DNA extraction and sequencing from the 180 year old lectotype specimen, combined with Bayesian and Likelihood based phylogenetic analyses of modern specimens from the entire complex, were used to establish unambiguously the true identity of Chrysoperla carnea.
Activation of protein kinase C isozymes is associated with post-mitotic events in intestinal epithelial cells in situ

The mechanisms underlying control of cell growth and differentiation in epithelial tissues are poorly understood. Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes, members of a large family of serine/threonine kinases of fundamental importance in signal transduction, have been increasingly implicated in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and function. Using the rat intestinal epithelium as a model system, we have examined PKC-specific activity as well as individual PKC isozyme expression and distribution (i.e., activation status) in epithelial cells in situ. Increased PKC activity was detected in differentiating and functional cells relative to immature proliferating crypt cells. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis using a panel of isozyme- specific antibodies revealed that PKC alpha, beta II, delta, epsilon, and zeta are expressed in rat intestinal epithelial cells and exhibit distinct subcellular distribution patterns along the crypt-villus unit. The combined morphological and biochemical approach used permitted analysis of the activation status of specific PKC isozymes at the individual cell level. These studies showed that marked changes in membrane association and level of expression for PKC alpha, beta II, delta, and zeta occur as cells cease division in the mid-crypt region and begin differentiation. Additional changes in PKC activation status are observed with acquisition of mature function on the villus. These studies clearly demonstrate naturally occurring alterations in PKC isozyme activation status at the individual cell level within the context of a developing tissue. Direct activation of PKC in an immature intestinal crypt cell line was shown to result in growth inhibition and coincident translocation of PKC alpha from the cytosolic to the particulate subcellular fraction, paralleling observations made in situ and providing further support for a role of intestinal PKC isozymes in post-mitotic events. PKC isozymes were also found to be tightly associated with cytoskeletal elements, suggesting participation in control of the structural organization of the enterocyte. Taken together, the results presented strongly suggest an involvement of PKC isoforms in cellular processes related to growth cessation, differentiation, and function of intestinal epithelial cells in situ.
Colloidal Jamming at Interfaces: A Route to Fluid-Bicontinuous Gels

Colloidal particles or nanoparticles, with equal affinity for two fluids, are known to adsorb irreversibly to the fluid-fluid interface. We present large-scale computer simulations of the demixing of a binary solvent containing such particles. The newly formed interface sequesters the colloidal particles; as the interface coarsens, the particles are forced into close contact by interfacial tension. Coarsening is markedly curtailed, and the jammed colloidal layer seemingly enters a glassy state, creating a multiply connected, solidlike film in three dimensions. The resulting gel contains percolating domains of both fluids, with possible uses as, for example, a microreaction medium.
Predictors of Reading Comprehension Among Struggling Readers Who Exhibit Differing Levels of Inattention and Hyperactivity

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of inference making, decoding, memory, and vocabulary on reading comprehension among 7th- through 12th-grade struggling readers with varying levels of inattention and hyperactivity. We categorized a group of 414 struggling readers into 3 groups based on results from factor mixture modeling: (a) low inattention + low hyperactivity, (b) high inattention + high hyperactivity, and (c) high inattention + low hyperactivity. Results indicated that vocabulary and inference making, but not decoding, predicted reading comprehension outcomes among all 3 groups of struggling readers. Working memory predicted reading comprehension among struggling readers in the low inattention + low hyperactivity and high inattention + high hyperactivity groups.
Choosing a penalty for model selection in heteroscedastic regression

We consider the problem of choosing between several models in least-squares regression with heteroscedastic data. We prove that any penalization procedure is suboptimal when the penalty is a function of the dimension of the model, at least for some typical heteroscedastic model selection problems. In particular, Mallows' Cp is suboptimal in this framework. On the contrary, optimal model selection is possible with data-driven penalties such as resampling or $V$-fold penalties. Therefore, it is worth estimating the shape of the penalty from data, even at the price of a higher computational cost. Simulation experiments illustrate the existence of a trade-off between statistical accuracy and computational complexity. As a conclusion, we sketch some rules for choosing a penalty in least-squares regression, depending on what is known about possible variations of the noise-level.
A study of dropout characteristics and school-level effects on dropout prevention

This sequential, three-phase study used quantitative analyses to examine the characteristics of student dropouts and the characteristics of schools successful and unsuccessful in mediating dropouts. Narrative profiles were created to describe types of students and types of dropouts. Phase I consisted of three parts, each using the student as the unit of analysis. Part One examined the profile of all Louisiana dropouts. Part Two involved the creation of clusters of dropouts and non-dropouts combined. Part Three focused on the creation of dropout clusters. In Phase II, the percents of potential dropouts were calculated for 301 schools using the dropout characteristics from Phase I. The purpose of this phase was to classify schools into one of nine cells in a 3 x 3 contingency table that crossed three levels of Percent of Actual Dropouts with three levels of Percent of Potential Dropouts. In Phase III, a MANOVA was conducted using a 1 x 4 design. The levels of the independent variable were four school categories from the Phase II contingency table: consistently high dropouts schools, consistently low dropouts schools, schools more effective in dropout prevention, and schools less effective dropout prevention. The cluster analysis results for the non-dropouts and dropouts yielded three clusters: “high achievers,” “average achievers,” and “low achievers. ” The cluster analysis for the dropouts also resulted in three clusters: “quiet dropouts,” “typical” dropouts, and “high-achieving pushouts. ”
From sauropsids to mammals and back: New approaches to comparative cortical development

Evolution of the mammalian neocortex (isocortex) has been a persisting problem in neurobiology. While recent studies have attempted to understand the evolutionary expansion of the human neocortex from rodents, similar approaches have been used to study the changes between reptiles, birds, and mammals. We review here findings from the past decades on the development, organization, and gene expression patterns in various extant species. This review aims to compare cortical cell numbers and neuronal cell types to the elaboration of progenitor populations and their proliferation in these species. Several progenitors, such as the ventricular radial glia, the subventricular intermediate progenitors, and the subventricular (outer) radial glia, have been identified but the contribution of each to cortical layers and cell types through specific lineages, their possible roles in determining brain size or cortical folding, are not yet understood. Across species, larger, more diverse progenitors relate to cortical size and cell diversity. The challenge is to relate the radial and tangential expansion of the neocortex to the changes in the proliferative compartments during mammalian evolution and with the changes in gene expression and lineages evident in various sectors of the developing brain. We also review the use of recent lineage tracing and transcriptomic approaches to revisit theories and to provide novel understanding of molecular processes involved in specification of cortical regions. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:630–645, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. The Journal of Comparative Neurology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Highlighting hybridity : a critical discourse analysis of teacher talk in science classrooms

There is evidence that alienation from science is linked to the dominant discourse practices of science classrooms (cf. Lemke, 1990). Yet, in secondary science education it is particularly hard to find evidence of curriculum reform that includes explicit changes in pedagogic discourses to accommodate the needs of students from a wide range of backgrounds. However, such evidence does exist and needs to be highlighted wherever it is found to help address social justice concerns in science education. In this article I show how critical discourse analysis can be used to explore a way of challenging the dominant discourse in teacher-student interactions in science classrooms. My findings suggest a new way of moving towards more socially just science curricula in middle years and secondary classrooms by using hybrid discourses that can serve emancipatory pu
Multi-Faceted Recall of Continuous Active Learning for Technology-Assisted Review

Continuous active learning achieves high recall for technology-assisted review, not only for an overall information need, but also for various facets of that information need, whether explicit or implicit. Through simulations using Cormack and Grossman's TAR Evaluation Toolkit (SIGIR 2014), we show that continuous active learning, applied to a multi-faceted topic, efficiently achieves high recall for each facet of the topic. Our results assuage the concern that continuous active learning may achieve high overall recall at the expense of excluding identifiable categories of relevant information.