Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flawed Advice and the Management Trap: How Managers Can Know When They're Getting Good Advice and When They're Not

Flawed Advice and the Management Trap: How Managers Can Know When They're Getting Good Advice and When They're Not is the first book to show how and why so much of today's business advice is flawed, and how managers and executives can better evaluate advice given to their firms Practitioners and scholars agree that businesses in the coming millennium will be managed differently than firms of the 20th century. And getting there from here, according to today's best advice, will require creative change. In this pioneering work, Argyris, one of the world's leading organizational thinkers, reviews a wide array of business advice from the best and brightest thinkers and consultants and concludes that as appealing as their ideas may be, most of them are simply not workable. They are too full of abstract claims, logical gaps, and inconsistencies, to be useful. And ironically, even when their recommendations are implemented correctly, the result is often failure. Why do these gaps in logic exist, and how can they be more effectively discovered? Applying a disciplined critique to numerous representative examples of advice about leadership, learning, change, and employee commitment, Argyris shows readers how to be more critical of the advice they are given, how to learn new approaches for appraising employee performance, and how to generate an internal commitment to values and better strategy. In our ever expanding global market, innovative business advice is at a premium, and giving this advice has become a lucrative industry in and of itself. This book provides the critical lens necessary to evaluate which advice is best for your organization.
A Versatile Strategy for the Semisynthetic Production of Ser65 Phosphorylated Ubiquitin and Its Biochemical and Structural Characterisation

Ubiquitin phosphorylation is emerging as an important regulatory layer in the ubiquitin system. This is exemplified by the phosphorylation of ubiquitin on Ser65 by the Parkinson's disease‐associated kinase PINK1, which mediates the activation of the E3 ligase Parkin. Additional phosphorylation sites on ubiquitin might also have important cellular roles. Here we report a versatile strategy for preparing phosphorylated ubiquitin. We biochemically and structurally characterise semisynthetic phospho‐Ser65‐ubiquitin. Unexpectedly, we observed disulfide bond formation between ubiquitin molecules, and hence a novel crystal form. The method outlined provides a direct approach to study the combinatorial effects of phosphorylation on ubiquitin function. Our analysis also suggests that disulfide engineering of ubiquitin could be a useful strategy for obtaining alternative crystal forms of ubiquitin species thereby facilitating structural validation.
DEVELOPMENT OF A POLICY SENSITIVE MODEL FOR FORECASTING FREIGHT DEMAND. PHASE ONE REPORT

Freight transport demand is a matter that has received less than its share of attention both in the theoretical literature and in actual practice. The barriers to the development of appropriate freight transport demand forecasting techniques are developed and explained and methods for overcoming these barriers are suggested. The role of data both in the formulation and the use of the model is explained. Finally, a list of criteria for desirable features of a demand model are developed. Appendices present the specification of a model currently under development at MIT and a short review of the literature.
Principled Agents?: The Political Economy of Good Government

1 COMPETING VIEWS OF GOVERNMENT The issues This book Background Economic Policy Making Political Economy Incentives and Selection in Politics Concluding Comments 2 THE ANATOMY OF GOVERNMENT FAILURE Introduction Three Notions of Government Failure The Basic Model Government Failure Democratic Political Failures A Dynamic Model Government Failure in the Dynamic Model Responses to Political Failure Concluding Comments 3 POLITICAL AGENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY Introduction Elements of Political Agency Models The Baseline Model Extensions Discussion Concluding Comments 4 POLITICAL AGENCY AND PUBLIC FINANCE Introduction The Model Three Scenarios Implications Restraining Government Debt and Deficits Governments versus NGOs Competence Conclusions
Evolution with Individual and Social Learning in an Agent-Based Stock Market

Recent research has shown a variety of computational techniques to describe evolution in an artificial stock market. One can distinguish the techniques based on at which level the learning of agents is modeled. The previous literature describes learning at either individual or social level. The level of learning is exogenously given, and agents involve only a particular level of learning when they update their rules. But such a setting doesnâ€™t say anything about why agents choose a particular level of learning to update their trading rules. This paper introduces a learning mechanism which allows agents to choose one rule at each period among a set of ideas updated through both individual and social learning. A trading strategy performed well in the past is more likely to be selected by agents regardless it is created at individual or social level. This framework allows agents to choose a decision rule endogenously among a wider set of ideas. With such evolution, the following two questions are examined. First, since agents who have a wider set of ideas to choose are more intelligent, a question would arise if the time series from an economy with intelligent agents would converge to a rational expectation equilibrium (REE). Previous literature like LeBaron (2000) and Arthur et al. (1996) investigates the convergence property to the REE by looking at different time-horizons. It finds that the more information from the market agents get before updating their rules, the market is more likely to converge to the REE. But this paper investigates the convergence property by looking at different degrees of intelligence given a time horizon. The second investigates which level of learning is likely to dominate in the market. This is analyzed by investigating who chooses which level of learning and what proportion of the agents often uses individual or social learning. We analyze a hypothesis that wealthy agents often choose an idea from a set of her private ideas (from individual learning) while some with less wealth frequently imitate ideas from others (from social learning). The result eventually indicates that the agent-based stock market in this paper would possibly explain the mechanism of herding behavior which is often observed in financial markets
Efficacy of Short-Course, Low-Dose Corticosteroid Therapy for Acute Pulmonary Sarcoidosis Exacerbations

Background:Although corticosteroids are the drug of choice for acute exacerbations of pulmonary sarcoidosis, the dose and duration of therapy is not standardized. We reviewed the short-term treatment outcome (median duration = 21 days) of 36 patients with acute exacerbations of pulmonary sarcoidosis using low-dose corticosteroid therapy (20 mg or less of daily prednisone equivalent). To the best of our knowledge, this is the shortest period of time over which the treatment of pulmonary sarcoidosis with corticosteroids has been assessed. Methods:Patients were identified retrospectively from an institution-approved database. Patient symptoms and spirometry were obtained from chart review. Additional clinical data were obtained from chart and database review. Results:Follow-up visits occurred a median of 21 days after the date of the exacerbation (mean 25 ± 3 standard error of mean). The average prednisone dose was 19 mg ± 0.4 standard error of mean. Patients had significant improvement in spirometry on this low-dose treatment regimen by the time of their short-term follow-up (forced vital capacity percent predicted improved from 68 to 82 [P < 0.0001] and was not significantly different from baseline; forced expiratory volume in 1 second percent predicted improved from 57 to 72 [P < 0.0001] and was not significantly different from baseline). Pulmonary symptoms also improved. Conclusions:Treatment of acute exacerbations of pulmonary sarcoidosis with 20 mg prednisone for a median of 21 days improved spirometry back to baseline and improved clinical symptoms. These data suggest that this corticosteroid dose can be safely used initially, and an attempt at tapering can be considered within the first month.
Worldwide Trends of Urinary Stone Disease Treatment Over the Last Two Decades: A Systematic Review.

INTRODUCTION Numerous studies have reported on regional or national trends of stone disease treatment. However, no article has yet examined the global trends of intervention for stone disease. METHODS AND MATERIALS A systematic review of articles from 1996 to September 2016 for all English language articles reporting on trends of surgical treatment of stone disease was performed. Authors were contacted in the case of data not being clear. If the authors did not reply, data were estimated from graphs or tables. Results were analyzed using SPSS version 21, and trends were analyzed using linear regression. RESULTS Our systematic review yielded 120 articles, of which 8 were included in the initial review. This reflected outcomes from six countries with available data: United Kingdom, United States, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, and Brazil. Overall ureteroscopy (URS) had a 251.8% increase in total number of treatments performed with the share of total treatments increasing by 17%. While the share of total treatments for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) remained static, the share for extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy and open surgery fell by 14.5% and 12%, respectively. There was significant linear regression between rising trends of total treatments year on year for URS (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In the last two decades, the share of total treatment for urolithiasis across the published literature has increased for URS, stable for PCNL, and decreased for lithotripsy and open surgery.
Response to Review of Children, Young People and Social Inclusion: Participation for What?

Social inclusion and participation have become policy mantras in the UK and Europe. As these concepts are being translated into policies and practice, it is a critical time to examine - and challenge - their interpretation, implementation and impacts. This book asks how far and in what way social inclusion policies are meeting the needs and rights of children and young people. Leading authors write from a variety of backgrounds and disciplines, including social policy, education, geography and sociology. The book: critically examines the concepts of participation and social inclusion and their links with children and childhoods; considers the geography of social inclusion and exclusion; explores young people's own conceptualisations of social inclusion and exclusion; and examines how these concepts have been expressed in policy at various levels. The book concludes with an agenda for progressing participation and social inclusion, both for and with children and young people. "Children, Young People And Social Inclusion" will be of interest to academics, students and policy makers, as well as to a wide range of practitioners, including teachers, youth workers, participation workers and those working in interagency settings.
Apolipoprotein E4 Impairs Macrophage Efferocytosis and Potentiates Apoptosis by Accelerating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress*

Background: Apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) is associated with inflammatory metabolic diseases. Results: Human APOE4 gene replacement mice displayed elevated tissue inflammation. APOE4 macrophages showed impaired efferocytosis, increased apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Conclusion: ApoE4 structural abnormalities induce ER stress to promote inflammation. Significance: Reducing ER stress and/or apoE4 structure correctors may reduce inflammatory metabolic disease risk in human apoE4 subjects. Apolipoprotein (apo) E4 is a major genetic risk factor for a wide spectrum of inflammatory metabolic diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, and Alzheimer disease. This study compared diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation as well as functional properties of macrophages isolated from human APOE3 and APOE4 mice to identify the mechanism responsible for the association between apoE4 and inflammatory metabolic diseases. The initial study confirmed previous reports that APOE4 gene replacement mice were less sensitive than APOE3 mice to diet-induced body weight gain but exhibited hyperinsulinemia, and their adipose tissues were similarly inflamed as those in APOE3 mice. Peritoneal macrophages isolated from APOE4 mice were defective in efferocytosis compared with APOE3 macrophages. Increased cell death was also observed in APOE4 macrophages when stimulated with LPS or oxidized LDL. Western blot analysis of cell lysates revealed that APOE4 macrophages displayed elevated JNK phosphorylation indicative of cell stress even under basal culturing conditions. Significantly higher cell stress due mainly to potentiation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling was also observed in APOE4 macrophages after LPS and oxidized LDL activation. The defect in efferocytosis and elevated apoptosis sensitivity of APOE4 macrophages was ameliorated by treatment with the ER chaperone tauroursodeoxycholic acid. Taken together, these results showed that apoE4 expression causes macrophage dysfunction and promotes apoptosis via ER stress induction. The reduction of ER stress in macrophages may be a viable option to reduce inflammation and inflammation-related metabolic disorders associated with the apoE4 polymorphism.
Ruling the World

The last few decades have witnessed an extraordinary transfer of policy-making prerogatives from individual nation-states to supranational institutions. If you think this is cause for celebration, you are not alone. Within the academic community (and not only among students of international cooperation), the notion that political institutions are mutually beneficial--that they would never come into existence, much less grow in size and assertiveness, were they not "Pareto-improving"--is today's conventional wisdom. But is it true? In this richly detailed and strikingly original study, Lloyd Gruber suggests that this emphasis on cooperation's positive-sum consequences may be leading scholars of international relations down the wrong theoretical path.The fact that membership in a cooperative arrangement is voluntary, Gruber argues, does not mean that it works to everyone's advantage. To the contrary, some cooperators may incur substantial losses relative to the original, non-cooperative status quo. So what, then, keeps these participants from withdrawing? Gruber's answer, in a word, is power--specifically the "go-it-alone power" exercised by the regime's beneficiaries, many of whom would continue to benefit even if their partners, the losers, were to opt out. To lend support to this thesis, Gruber takes a fresh look at the political origins and structures of European Monetary Unification and NAFTA. But the theoretical arguments elaborated in "Ruling the World" extend well beyond money and trade, touching upon issues of long-standing interest to students of security cooperation, environmental politics, nation-building--even political philosophy. Bold and compelling, this book will appeal to anyone interested in understanding how "power politics" really operates and why, for better or worse, it is fueling much of the supranational activity we see today.
Resting Energy Expenditure: A Stronger Marker Than Body Weight for Bone Mineral Density in White Women But Not Men? The Rancho Bernardo Study

Objective: To investigate the association between resting energy expenditure (REE) and bone mineral density (BMD) in white adults. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: White, middle-class to upper middle-class community-dwelling adults. Participants: Women (n = 996) and men (n = 686) aged 36 to 97 years. Assessment of Risk Factors: REE calculated using the Harris-Benedict equation. Main Outcome Measures: BMD of the lumbar spine (L1 to L4), total hip, and total body measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results: REE was lower in women than in men (1220 versus 1566 kcal/day, P < 0.0001); women also had lower BMI. After adjusting for lean body mass (LBM), REE was higher in women than men (1407 versus 1296 kcal/kg LBM/d, P < 0.0001). In stepwise multiple linear regression models, REE explained 13% of variance in spine BMD in women and 6% in men, 33% of variance in hip BMD in women and 22% in men, and 32% of variance in total body BMD in women and 22% in men. In women, weight explained 10% less of the hip BMD variance and 6% less of the total body BMD variance than REE. In men, weight explained 4% more of the spine BMD variance and 1% more of the total body BMD variance than REE. Conclusions: REE explained more of the BMD variance than weight in women, and the reverse was true in men. These sex differences were largely explained by sex differences in LBM or weight.
Impact of age-relevant goals on future thinking in younger and older adults

ABSTRACT This study investigated how personal goals influence age differences in episodic future thinking. Research suggests that personal goals change with age and like autobiographical memory, future thinking is thought to be organised and impacted by personal goals. It was hypothesised that cueing older adults with age-relevant goals should modulate age differences in episodic details and may also influence phenomenological characteristics of imagined scenarios. Healthy younger and older adults completed the Future Thinking Interview [Addis, D. R. , Wong, A. T. , & Schacter, D. L. (2008). Age-related changes in the episodic simulation of future events. Psychological Science, 19(1), 33–41. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008. 02043.x] adapted to activate age-appropriate goals. Narratives were scored with an established protocol to obtain objective measures of episodic and semantic details. Subjective features such as emotionality and personal significance showed age differences as a function of goal domain while other features (e.g., vividness) were unaffected. However, consistent with prior reports, older adults produced fewer episodic details than younger adults and this was not modulated by goal domain. The results do not indicate that goal activation affects level of episodic detail. With respect to phenomenological aspects of future thinking, however, younger adults show more sensitivity to goal activation, compared with older adults.
Flypaper Effect pada Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU) dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) terhadap Belanja Daerah pada Kabupaten/Kota di Pulau Sumatera

The main objective of this research is to provide empirical proof of occurrence of flypaper effect in DAU and PAD on local expenditure in regencies/municipality in Sumatera. The other objective is to examine existence of different flypaper effect between low-PAD region and high-PAD region. Then, it examined whether or not flypaper still occurred in local expenditures in education, health and infrastructure field. Data was from local budget and revenue report. Result of analysis indicates that DAU and PAD separately influenced local expenditure. However, when tested at once, PAD indicated no significant result. It indicates that there have occurred flypaper effects. Flypaper effect is defined as local response (expenditure) that is greater than transfer (Oates, 1999). Result of test to examine whether or not flypaper effects that tend to increase amount of local expenditure is significant. That is, the condition tend to make local government just wait what DAU allocation they receive before determining their expenditure (Sukriy & Halim, 2004), so the next period expenditure tend to be greater. Flypaper effect is indifferent in regions whose PAD is low compared with region whose PAD is high. It means that the condition (flypaper effect) in low PAD regions is as strong as in high PAD regions. When testing local expenditure related to public, only expenditure in education field did not undergo flypaper effect, while in health and infrastructure expenditure the condition still occurred. The results still require confirmation through future researches.
Fiscal Impacts of Social Security Reform in Brazil

This article focuses on the reform of Social Security in Brazil, initiated in 2003. We estimate the fiscal impact of the original government proposal, as well as of the proposal approved at the House of Representatives, and the final format approved at the Senate. We also estimated both, the balancing contribution rate and the effective contribution rate, in the three phases of the reforming process. Results indicate that although the final impact was considerably reduced from the initial project, a great deal of progress has been made towards both, the reduction of annual Social Security deficit and its transformation into a more equitable system.
Survival analysis of presumptive prognostic markers among oligodendrogliomas

Allelic losses of 1p and 19q arms correlate with the oligodendroglial phenotype as well as with sensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Furthermore, the DNA repair gene, methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT), is diminished in 80% of oligodendroglial tumors and represents a possible mechanism for this therapeutic sensitivity. However, the authors questioned the relevance of genetic testing and measuring MGMT levels in tumors that were diagnostic of oligodendroglioma.
GEOTECHNICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF STEEL SLAG USE IN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION

Steel slag is a byproduct of iron and steel production by the metallurgical industries. Annually, 21 million tons of steel slag (SS) is produced in the United States. Most of SS is landfilled, which represents a significant economic loss and a waste of valuable land space. Steel slag has great potential for the construction of highway embankments; however, its use has been limited due to its high swelling potential and its alkalinity. The swelling potential of steel slags may lead to the deterioration of the structural stability of highways, and high alkalinity poses an environmental challenge as it affects the leaching behavior of trace metals.
Restoration of genetic connectivity among Northern Rockies wolf populations

Probably no conservation genetics issue is currently more controversial than the question of whether grey wolves (Canis lupus) in the Northern Rockies have recovered to genetically effective levels. Following the dispersal‐based recolonization of Northwestern Montana from Canada, and reintroductions to Yellowstone and Central Idaho, wolves have vastly exceeded population recovery goals of 300 wolves distributed in at least 10 breeding pairs in each of Wyoming, Idaho and Montana. With >1700 wolves currently, efforts to delist wolves from endangered status have become mired in legal battles over the distinct population segment (DPS) clause of the Endangered Species Act (ESA), and whether subpopulations within the DPS were genetically isolated. An earlier study by vonHoldt et al. (2008) suggested Yellowstone National Park wolves were indeed isolated and was used against delisting in 2008. Since then, wolves were temporarily delisted, and a first controversial hunting season occurred in fall of 2009. Yet, concerns over the genetic recovery of wolves in the Northern Rockies remain, and upcoming District court rulings in the summer of 2010 will probably include consideration of gene flow between subpopulations. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, vonHoldt et al. (2010) conduct the largest analysis of gene flow and population structure of the Northern Rockies wolves to date. Using an impressive sampling design and novel analytic methods, vonHoldt et al. (2010) show substantial levels of gene flow between three identified subpopulations of wolves within the Northern Rockies, clarifying previous analyses and convincingly showing genetic recovery.