Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Qualitative Study of Sport Enjoyment in the Sampling Years

This focus group study examined the sources of enjoyment and nonenjoyment among younger and older English children in the sampling years of sport participation (ages 7–12). Concurrent inductive and deductive content analysis revealed that, consistent with previous research, younger and older children reported sources of enjoyment such as perceived competence, social involvement and friendships, psychosocial support, and a mastery-oriented learning environment. Nonenjoyment sources included inappropriate psychosocial support, increasing competitive orientation, negative feedback and reinforcement, injuries, pain, and demonstrating a lack of competence. Differences between younger and older children’s sources of enjoyment and nonenjoyment also emerged. Younger children reported movement sensations as a source of enjoyment and punishment for skill errors and low informational support as nonenjoyment sources. Older children reported social recognition of competence, encouragement, excitement, and challenge as.
Commissioning and Evaluation of a Fiber-Optic Sensor System for Bridge Monitoring

This paper describes the design, commissioning, and evaluation of a fiber-optic strain sensor system for the structural health monitoring of a prestressed concrete posttensioned box girder railway bridge in Mumbai, India, which shows a number of well-documented structural problems. Preliminary laboratory trials to design the most appropriate sensor system that could be readily transported and used on site are described, followed by a description of load tests on the actual bridge undertaken in collaboration with Indian Railways and using locomotives of known weight. Results from the load tests using the optical system are compared with similar results obtained using electrical resistance strain gages. Conclusions are summarized concerning the integrity of the structure and for the future use of the sensor system for monitoring bridges of this type. Crack width measurements obtained during the load tests are also described.
The Human Side of School Change: Reform, Resistance, and the Real-Life Problems of Innovation

THE NATURE OF CHANGE Changing Paradigms The Meanings of Change The Culture of Resistance DIMENSIONS OF CHANGE Implementation: Tasks of Transition Substance: New Agendas, Old Problems Staff: Understanding Reluctant Faculty Setting: Assessing Organizational Capacity Leadership: Old Paradoxes, New Promise LEADING INNOVATION The Authentic Leader Clarity and Focus: The Power of Concentration Participation - Without Paralysis Recognition: Reversing the Golden Rule Confrontation: Avoiding Avoidance Reach and Realism, Experience and Hope.
Okul Öncesi ve Biyoloji Öğretmen Adaylarında Bilişüstü Farkındalık ve Epistomolojik İnançların İncelenmesi

Bu calismanin amaci okul oncesi ve biyoloji ogretmen adaylarinin bilisustu farkindalik duzeyleri ile epistemolojik inanclarini belirlemek ve gruplar arasi farkliliklari incelemektir. Bu arastirmaya okul oncesi egitimi ve biyoloji egitimi anabilim dallarinda ogrenim goren toplam 286 ogretmen adayi katilmistir. Arastirmaya katilan ogretmen adaylarindan Merkezi Epistemolojik Inanclar Olcegi ve Bilisustu Farkindalik Envanterini doldurmalari istenmistir. Oksal, Şensekerci ve Bilgin (2006) tarafindan gelistirilen Epistemolojik Inanclar Olcegi 4 alt faktorden olusmaktadir: Bilgi kaynagi olarak bilime inanc, rasyonel topluma inanc, batil rituellere inanc ve dogaustu guclere inanc. Ogrencilerin bilisustu farkmdalik duzeylerini saptamak amaciyla ise Schraw ve Sperling-Dennison (1994) tarafindan gelistirilen Metacognitive Awareness Inventory’nin Turkceye uyarlanmis formu olan Ustbilissel Farkindalik Envanteri kullanilmistir. Olcek, bilisin bilgisi ve bilisin duzenlenmesi olmak uzere 2 temel alt boyuttan olusmaktadir. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde betimsel teknikler ve tek yonlu varyans analizi kullanilmistir. Bulgular, epistemolojik inanclar konusunda okul oncesi ve biyoloji ogretmen adaylari arasinda sadece batil rituellere inanc alt boyutunda fark oldugunu ortaya koymustur. Buna gore, biyoloji ogretmen adaylarinin batil rituellere inanc puanlan anlamli bir oranda daha yuksektir. Bu iki grup ogrencinin bilisustu farkindalik puanlan uzerinde yapilan analizlere gore ise, genel bilisustu farkindalik ve diger alt boyutlarda, biyoloji egitimi ogretmen adaylarinin lehine olmak uzere, anlamli farkliliklar bulunmustur.
No mission<-->no margin: it's that simple.

The authors describe their experience in developing a strategy-focused organization using the balanced scorecard methodology. They achieved this at Duke Children's Hospital by aligning the clinicians and administrators around a single integrated platform that linked improving business processes with achieving quality clinical outcomes. By organizing in this manner, they reduced cost by dollars 30 million and increased net margin by dollars 15 million while improving outcomes and staff satisfaction. This article describes a methodology to achieve strategic control of the organization, increase the knowledge of key stakeholders, and transform the organization to optimize the organization's performance.
Kinetic Modeling of the Interactions between 4-Methylumbelliferone, 1-Naphthol, and Zidovudine Glucuronidation by UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) Provides Evidence for Multiple Substrate Binding and Effector Sites

Interactions between the UGT2B7-catalyzed glucuronidation of zidovudine (AZT), 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU), and 1-naphthol (1NP) were analyzed using multisite and empirical kinetic models to explore the existence of multiple substrate and effector binding sites within this important drug metabolizing enzyme. 4MU and 1NP glucuronidation by UGT2B7 exhibit sigmoidal kinetics characteristic of homotropic cooperativity (autoactivation), which may be modeled assuming the existence of two equivalent, interacting substrate binding sites. In contrast, UGT2B7-catalyzed AZT glucuronidation follows hyperbolic (Michaelis-Menten) kinetics. Although 4MU and 1NP decreased the binding affinity of AZT, the kinetics of AZT glucuronidation changed from hyperbolic to sigmoidal in the presence of both modifiers. Data were well described by a generic two-substrate binding site model in which there is no interaction between the sites in the absence of 4MU or 1NP, but heterotropic cooperativity results from the binding of modifier. Inhibition of 4MU and 1NP glucuronidation by AZT and interactions between 4MU and 1NP required more complex three-site models, where the modifier acts via a distinct effector site to alter either substrate binding affinity or Vmax without affecting the homotropic cooperativity characteristic of 4MU and 1NP glucuronidation. It is noteworthy that 1NP inhibited 4MU glucuronidation, whereas 4MU activated 1NP glucuronidation. The results are consistent with the existence of two “catalytic” sites for each substrate within the UGT2B7 active site, along with multiple effector sites. The multiplicity of binding and effector sites results in complex kinetic interactions between UGT2B7 substrates, which potentially complicates inhibition screening studies.
An Analysis of the Reliability and Validity of Personal Internet Teaching Efficacy Beliefs Scale

This study validated a Personal Internet Teaching Efficacy Beliefs Scale (called PITEBS) with a sample of 389 inservice teachers who were participants in an Internet based professional development project. The scale was then used to assess changes in self-efficacy beliefs among 155 participants of summer workshops. The PITEBS appears ready to be utilized for future research and evaluation studies.
Quantification of starch physicochemical characteristics in a cassava segregating population

Culinary cassava (Manihot esculenta L.) qualities that make a variety popular are a function of starch physicochemical properties. Hence, in response to inferior root qualities in some released cassava varieties in Uganda compared to the local germplasm, a study was undertaken to examine: (i) starch physicochemical characteristics in both introduced and local varieties; and (ii) the variation in the starch properties of their F1 progenies. The local varieties included Bao, Nyaraboke, Kakwale, and Bamunanika; and the introduced genotypes SE/95/00036, NASE 10, NASE 12, TME 5, and TME 14. Of the generated 7000 F1 seedlings, 1077 seedlings were selected, cloned (6-8 plants per genotype) and established in a single-row trial. Root samples were collected per clone and examined for starch physicochemical properties. Considerable variations were observed in the F1 families compared to the parental lines with weak correlations in most starch properties (r with dry matter content varying from 19-47% in both the F1 families and the parents. Ash and lipid content varied among the F1 families and parents with ranges 0.05-0.29% for ash and 0.1-0.32% for lipids. In both the parents and the F1 families, the reducing sugar and protein content ranged between 0.7-1.7 and 0.23-0.43%, respectively. These findings demonstrate: (i) existence of considerable genetic variations in starch physicochemical properties in both local and introduced cassava genotypes and their progenies, and (ii) potential utilisation of cassava starches for various applications based on the inherent differences in physicochemical characteristics.
Patient-Specific 3D Simulation of Cyclic CSF Flow at the Craniocervical Region

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Flow simulations in patient-specific models of the subarachnoid space characterize CSF flow in more detail than MR flow imaging. We extended previous simulation studies by including cyclic CSF flow and patient-specific models in multiple patients with Chiari I. We compared simulation results with MR flow measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Volumetric high resolution image sets acquired in 7 patients with Chiari I, 3 patients who had previous craniovertebral decompression, and 3 controls were segmented and converted to mathematical models of the subarachnoid space. CSF flow velocities and pressures were calculated with high spatial and temporal resolution during simulated oscillatory flow in each model with the Navier-Stokes equations. Pressures, velocities, and bidirectional flow were compared in the groups (with Student t test). Peak velocities in the simulations were compared with peak velocities measured in vivo with PCMR. RESULTS: Flow visualization for patients and volunteers demonstrated nonuniform reversing patterns resembling those observed with PCMR. Velocities in the 13 subjects were greater between C2 and C5 than in the foramen magnum. Chiari patients had significantly greater peak systolic and diastolic velocities, synchronous bidirectional flow, and pressure gradients than controls. Peak velocities measured in PCMR correlated significantly (P = .003; regression analysis) despite differences between them. CONCLUSIONS: In simulations of CSF, patients with Chiari I had significantly greater peak systolic and diastolic velocities, synchronous bidirectional flow, and pressure gradients than controls.
Scale-Invariant Feature Learning using Deconvolutional Neural Networks for Weakly-Supervised Semantic Segmentation

A weakly-supervised semantic segmentation framework using tied deconvolutional neural networks is proposed for scale-invariant feature learning. Each deconvolution layer in the proposed framework consists of unpooling and deconvolution operations. ‘Unpooling’ upsamples the input feature map based on unpooling switches defined by corresponding convolution layer’s pooling operation. ‘Deconvolution’ convolves the input unpooled features by using convolutional weights tied with the corresponding convolution layer’s convolution operation. This unpooling-deconvolution combination results in reduction of false positives, since output features of the deconvolution layer are reconstructed from the most discriminative unpooled features instead of the raw one. All the feature maps restored from the entire deconvolution layers can constitute a rich feature set according to different abstraction levels. Those features are selectively used for generating class-specific activation maps. Under the weak supervision (image-level labels), the proposed framework shows promising results on medical images (chest X-rays) and achieves state-of-the-art performance on the PASCAL VOC segmentation dataset in the same experimental condition.
Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology Effects of Utterance Length and Vocal Loudness on Speech Breathing in Older Adults Effort Ratings 0.48 (0.493) N/a N/a N/a

Age-related reductions in pulmonary elastic recoil and respiratory muscle strength can affect how older adults generate subglottal pressure required for speech production. The present study examined age-related changes in speech breathing by manipulating utterance length and loudness during a connected speech task (monologue). Twenty-three older adults and twenty-eight young adults produced a monologue at comfortable loudness and pitch and with multi-talker babble noise playing in the room to elicit louder speech. Dependent variables included sound pressure level, speech rate, and lung volume initiation , termination, and excursion. Older adults produced shorter utterances than young adults overall. Age-related effects were larger for longer utterances. Older adults demonstrated very different lung volume adjustments for loud speech than young adults. These results suggest that older adults have a more difficult time when the speech system is being taxed by both utterance length and loudness. The data were consistent with the hypothesis that both young and older adults use utterance length in premotor speech planning processes. Typical aging affects respiratory function. Chest wall compliance decreases, and pulmonary compliance may increase (Frank et al., 1957; Mittman et al., 1965). As a result of increased lung compliance, lung elasticity and elastic recoil forces are reduced. Additionally, in typical aging, inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength is reduced (Enright et al., 1994; Berry et al., 1996). Age-related reductions in elastic recoil of the lungs, compliance of the chest wall, and strength of the respiratory muscles are likely to affect how the respiratory system is used to generate the required air pressure for speech production. Previous studies have demonstrated that older adults initiate speech at a higher lung volume, use a greater percent of their lung volume per speech breath and per syllable, and produce fewer syllables per breath than younger One study demonstrated that older women inhaled more often and more deeply when reading a standard passage than young women did (Sperry and Klich, 1992). Young adults use the mid-lung volume range (35–60% VC) when speaking (Hixon et al. pressure in the mid-lung volume range is close to the required pressure for speech production at comfortable loudness, so little respiratory muscle activity is required (Hixon et al., 1973). However, in older adults, recoil pressure is reduced, so the recoil pressures available in the mid-lung volume range are lower. Therefore, older adults must compensate to ensure adequate pressure for speech is generated. Initiating speech at higher lung volumes allows …
The side effects of nitrification inhibitors on leaching water and soil salinization in a field experiment

In experiments carried out in greenhouses, some authors have shown that ammonium sulphate induces greater soil acidity and salinity than other sources of N. Moreover, nitrif ication inhibitors (NI) tend to cause ammonium to accumulate in soil by retarding its oxidation to nitrate. This accumulated ammonium would also have an effect on soil salinity. Consequently, the aim of this paper was to evaluate the soil and leaching water salinization effects associated with adding NI, dicyandiamide (DCD) and dimethylpyrazole-phosphate (DMPP) to ammonium sulphate nitrate (ASN) fertilizer. This experiment was carried out in the field with an irrigated maize crop. Drainage and Na concentration were measured during both seasons (2006 and 2007) and leached Na was determined. The treatments with NI (DCD and DMPP) were associated with greater Na concentrations in soil solutions and consequently higher rates of Na leaching (in 2007, ASN-DCD 1,292 kg Na ha ‐1 , ASN-DMPP 1,019 kg Na ha ‐1 ). A treatment involving only ASN also increased the Na concentration in soil and the amount of Na leached in relation to the Control (in 2007, ASN 928 kg Na ha ‐1 and Control 587 kg Na ha ‐1 ). The increase in the ammonium concentration in the soil due to the NI treatments could have been the result of the displacement of Na ions from the soil exchange complex through a process which finally led to an increase in soil salinity. Treatments including ammonium fertilizer formulated with NI produced a greater degree of soil salinization due to the presence of ammonium from the fertilizer and accumulated ammonium from the nitrification inhibition.
Using signature strengths in pursuit of goals: Effects on goal progress, need satisfaction, and well-being, and implications for coaching psychologists

Objective:In recent years there has been a growing interest in research related to the use of strengths. Although results from past research have consistently suggested that the use of strengths is associated with higher performance and greater well-being there is, as yet, no clear theory describing how using strengths might contribute to greater well-being or goal progress. The objective of the current research was to test a model of how strengths use may support performance and well-being through an extension of the self-concordance model of healthy goal attainment.Design:We test a repeated measures cross-sectional model in which using signature strengths is associated with goal progress, which is in turn associated with the fulfilment of psychological needs, and in turn well-being.Method:Participants were 240 college students who completed measures of psychological strengths, need satisfaction, well-being, goal progress and goal attainment at three time points over a three-month period.Results:Our results demonstrate that strengths use is associated with better goal progress, which is in turn associated with psychological need fulfilment and enhanced well-being.Conclusions:Strengths use provides a key support in the attainment of goals, and leads to greater need satisfaction and well-being, providing an extension of the self-concordance model of healthy goal attainment. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Anxiety Preceding Field Work

Data from this exploratory study suggest that both graduate and undergraduate social work students have high levels of anxiety as they prepare to enter field practicums. A survey of 255 students identified self-doubts, time and stress management concerns, as well as interviewing and counseling related concerns. Undergraduates were twice as likely to express self-doubts as graduate students and reported higher levels of anxiety. Suggestions are made for lessening pre-placement anxiety and increasing students' feelings of preparedness.
Noninvasive Imaging of In Vivo MuRF1 Expression during Muscle Atrophy

Numerous human diseases can lead to atrophy of skeletal muscle, and loss of this tissue has been correlated with increased mortality and morbidity rates. Clinically addressing muscle atrophy remains an unmet medical need, and the development of preclinical tools to assist drug discovery and basic research in this effort is important for advancing this goal. In this report, we describe the development of a bioluminescent gene reporter rat, based on the zinc finger nuclease-targeted insertion of a bicistronic luciferase reporter into the 3′ untranslated region of a muscle specific E3 ubiquitin ligase gene, MuRF1 (Trim63). In longitudinal studies, we noninvasively assess atrophy-related expression of this reporter in three distinct models of muscle loss (sciatic denervation, hindlimb unloading and dexamethasone-treatment) and show that these animals are capable of generating refined detail on in vivo MuRF1 expression with high temporal and anatomical resolution.
Neuroimaging in epilepsy

Neuroimaging techniques have improved the understanding, diagnosis, and management of epilepsy. By providing excellent structural information, MRI is the technique of choice in evaluating patients with epilepsy. Functional imaging techniques, including MR spectroscopy, functional MRI, positron emission tomography, and single photon emission CT, permit noninvasive assessment of the epileptic substrate, its functional status, and neuroreceptors. The MRI‐based techniques will potentially assume a greater role in the cost‐effective workup of the patient. Currently, newer techniques such as magnetoencephalography, magnetic source imaging, and optical imaging are research tools.
Pathways from Cannabis to Psychosis: A Review of the Evidence

The nature of the relationship between cannabis use (CU) and psychosis is complex and remains unclear. Researchers and clinicians remain divided regarding key issues such as whether or not cannabis is an independent cause of psychosis and schizophrenia. This paper reviews the field in detail, examining questions of causality, the neurobiological basis for such causality and for differential inter-individual risk, the clinical and cognitive features of psychosis in cannabis users, and patterns of course and outcome of psychosis in the context of CU. The author proposes two major pathways from cannabis to psychosis based on a differentiation between early-initiated lifelong CU and a scenario where vulnerable individuals without a lifelong pattern of use consume cannabis over a relatively brief period of time just prior to psychosis onset. Additional key factors determining the clinical and neurobiological manifestation of psychosis as well as course and outcome in cannabis users include: underlying genetic and developmental vulnerability to schizophrenia-spectrum disorders; and whether or not CU ceases or continues after the onset of psychosis. Finally, methodological guidelines are presented for future research aimed at both elucidating the pathways that lead from cannabis to psychosis and clarifying the long-term outcome of the disorder in those who have a history of using cannabis.
Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Effectiveness

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness. The research setting was a single international manufacturing organization in Korea. Based on a review of the literature, two existing instruments were selected for the study. One was the Mayer, Salovey, and Caruso’s Emotional Intelligence Test, measuring emotional intelligence from an ability perspective. The second instrument was the Bass and Avalio’s Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, measuring leadership effectiveness. It was hypothesized that there was a significant positive relationship between the manager’s emotional intelligence and the perceived effectiveness of the manager. The result found no support for the hypotheses. There was no significant positive relationship between leadership effectiveness as perceived by the subordinate and the various dimensions of emotional intelligence. The results did not support the hypotheses and suggest that the emotional intelligence of the manager has no significant impact on the perceived effectiveness of that manager. This is important not only for the theory around emotional intelligence, but also around the issue of leadership effectiveness. Based on the results of this study, the following are the areas of future research needs: develop consistently reliable instrumentation, development a more closely aligned definition of emotional intelligence, determine if the construct of emotional intelligence is a unique measure, and explore the construct of emotional intelligence qualitatively.