Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Dimensionality, Sample Size, and Classification Error of Nonparametric Linear Classification Algorithms

This paper compares two nonparametric linear classification algorithms $the zero empirical error classifier and the maximum margin classifier - with parametric linear classifiers designed to classify multivariate Gaussian populations. Formulae and a table for the mean expected probability of misclassification MEP/sub N/ are presented. They show that the classification error is mainly determined by N/p, a learning-set size/dimensionality ratio. However, the influences of learning-set size on the generalization error of parametric and nonparametric linear classifiers are quite different. Under certain conditions the nonparametric approach allows us to obtain reliable rules, even in cases where the number of features is larger than the number of training vectors.
Membrane protein sorting in the yeast secretory pathway: evidence that the vacuole may be the default compartment

The targeting signals of two yeast integral membrane dipeptidyl aminopeptidases (DPAPs), DPAP B and DPAP A, which reside in the vacuole and the Golgi apparatus, respectively, were analyzed. No single domain of DPAP B is required for delivery to the vacuolar membrane, because removal or replacement of either the cytoplasmic, transmembrane, or lumenal domain did not affect the protein's transport to the vacuole. DPAP A was localized by indirect immunofluorescence to non-vacuolar, punctate structures characteristic of the yeast Golgi apparatus. The 118-amino acid cytoplasmic domain of DPAP A is sufficient for retention of the protein in these structures, since replacement of the cytoplasmic domain of DPAP B with that of DPAP A resulted in an immunolocalization pattern indistinguishable from that of wild type DPAP A. Overproduction of DPAP A resulted in its mislocalization to the vacuole, because cells expressing high levels of DPAP A exhibited vacuolar as well as Golgi staining. Deletion of 22 residues of the DPAP A cytoplasmic domain resulted in mislocalization of the mutant protein to the vacuole. Thus, the cytoplasmic domain of DPAP A is both necessary and sufficient for Golgi retention, and removal of the retention signal, or saturation of the retention apparatus by overproducing DPAP A, resulted in transport to the vacuole. Like wild type DPAP B, the delivery of mutant membrane proteins to the vacuole was unaffected in the secretory vesicle-blocked sec1 mutant; thus, transport to the vacuole was not via the plasma membrane followed by endocytosis. These data are consistent with a model in which membrane proteins are delivered to the vacuole along a default pathway.
Variant Syndromes of Autoimmune Liver Diseases: Classification, Diagnosis and Management

The term ‘overlap syndrome' has been used to describe the presence of both autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis or primary sclerosing cholangitis in the past. As this term is misleading, the term ‘variant syndrome' should be used preferably. Laboratory features, serology, histology and bile duct imaging contribute to the diagnosis of ‘variant syndromes'. Patients with a suspected variant syndrome should receive a complete work-up with liver histology, serology and - if not conclusive, bile duct imaging. Liver histology is usually reliable to recognize secondary autoimmune hepatitis in patients with primary cholestatic disease. An histological activitiy index of >4 usually is commonly seen in patients with variant syndrome. Identification of variant syndrome is very important, as appropriate - in most cases additional - immunosuppressive treatment is necessary and most patients will respond promptly.
Robust large-scale EBMT with marker-based segmentation

Previous work on marker-based EBMT [Gough & Way, 2003, Way & Gough, 2004] suffered from problems such as data-sparseness and disparity between the training and test data. We have developed a large-scale robust EBMT system. In a comparison with the systems listed in [Somers, 2003], ours is the third largest EBMT system and certainly the largest English-French EBMT system. Previous work used the on-line MT system Logomedia to translate source language material as a means of populating the system’s database where bitexts were unavailable. We derive our sententially aligned strings from a Sun Translation Memory (TM) and limit the integration of Logomedia to the derivation of our word-level lexicon. We also use Logomedia to provide a baseline comparison for our system and observe that we outperform Logomedia and previous marker-based EBMT systems in a number of tests.
Experimental Investigation of Silicate-Glass-Based Raman Gain Fibers With Enhanced SBS Suppression by Selective Transverse Doping

Germanosilicate and phosphosilicate-based glasses are two of the most common materials used to amplify light in the near and shortwave infrared wavelengths by stimulated Raman scattering in optical fiber, but are limited in total output power and efficiency that can be achieved due to the onset of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). We experimentally investigate both germanosilicate and phosphosilicate Raman gain fibers with selective transverse doping profiles in the context of altering the fiber acoustic waveguide properties for increasing the threshold at which total Raman amplified power is saturated by SBS. It is shown that selective transverse doping offers greater potential for SBS suppression in germanosilicate gain fibers in contrast to those manufactured from phosphosilicate glasses. Initial SBS suppressed germanoslicate fibers are demonstrated with a 5 to 6 dB reduction in the maximum peak Brillouin gain as compared to a standard step-index fiber such as Corning HI-1060, which allows for over 5 dB in SBS suppression and an increase in saturated Raman amplifier gain from 15 dB to greater than 22 dB.
Efficient Fast-Convolution Implementation of Filtered CP-OFDM Waveform Processing for 5G

This paper investigates the use of effective and flexible fast-convolution (FC) filtering scheme for multiplexing OFDM resource blocks (RBs) in a spectrally well-localized manner. The scheme is able to effectively suppress interference leakage between adjacent RBs, thus supporting asynchronous operation and independent waveform parametrization of RBs. This is considered as an important feature in 5G waveform development for effectively supporting diversified service characteristics. Our approach is applicable for cyclic prefix or zero prefix based OFDM and the corresponding OFDM based single-carrier (SC-FDMA) waveforms. It is also possible to generate and process traditional Nyquist pulse shaping based single-carrier waveforms and filter bank multicarrier waveforms using the same FC processing engine, accommodating different waveforms simultaneously in different RBs. Our case study is based on proposed numerology for 5G cm-wave communications utilizing flexible time-division duplexing principle. While using RBs of 160 OFDM subcarriers, it is enough to deactivate 3 to 5 subcarriers out of each RB as guardbands to effectively suppress interference leakage between RBs.
Association Between Adult Romantic Attachment Styles and Family-of-Origin Expressive Atmosphere

This study examined the associations between attachment quality and perceived family-of-origin expressive atmosphere (FOEA) in a convenience sample of 279 participants. Multivariate analysis of variance (MAN-OVA) was used to examine the associations between attachment style and FOEA, and hierarchical regression was used to analyze FOEA as a predictor for attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance. Categorically, secure and dismissing individuals reported higher levels of FOEA than preoccupied and fearful ones. Dimensionally, FOEA predicted significant anxiety and avoidance. Findings in this study support the proposition of the family as a secure base for attachment formation.
Confusion of confidence intervals and credibility intervals in meta-analysis.

A review of 30 meta-analyses that have been conducted in organizational behavior and human resource management using procedures described by Hunter, Schmidt, and Jackson (1982) suggests that there is confusion regarding the use and interpretation of confidence intervals and credibility intervals. This confusion can lead to conflicting conclusions about the relationships between variables
Open-Vocabulary Semantic Parsing with both Distributional Statistics and Formal Knowledge

Traditional semantic parsers map language onto compositional, executable queries in a fixed schema. This mapping allows them to effectively leverage the information contained in large, formal knowledge bases (KBs, e.g., Freebase) to answer questions, but it is also fundamentally limiting---these semantic parsers can only assign meaning to language that falls within the KB's manually-produced schema. Recently proposed methods for open vocabulary semantic parsing overcome this limitation by learning execution models for arbitrary language, essentially using a text corpus as a kind of knowledge base. However, all prior approaches to open vocabulary semantic parsing replace a formal KB with textual information, making no use of the KB in their models. We show how to combine the disparate representations used by these two approaches, presenting for the first time a semantic parser that (1) produces compositional, executable representations of language, (2) can successfully leverage the information contained in both a formal KB and a large corpus, and (3) is not limited to the schema of the underlying KB. We demonstrate significantly improved performance over state-of-the-art baselines on an open-domain natural language question answering task.
The Dakar framework: constructing and deconstructing the global neo‐liberal matrix

The paper’s focus is The Dakar framework for action—education for all: meeting our collective commitments, which presents the UNESCO, G8, World Bank and International Monetary Fund’s blueprint for the ‘development’ of education globally by 2015. Taking a discourse analytic approach, discussion of the Dakar framework make two claims. The first is that the Framework has a Matrix‐like effect in that it potentially closes out other ways of thinking about and practicing education. The second argument is that the apparent contradiction between its deployment of a human rights centered discourse and neo‐liberal discourse that establishes this Matrix‐like effect, must be understood as something more than simply an exercise in lies, deception and rhetoric. Rather, the Matrix‐like effect of the Framework succeeds not because the Framework lies, but because it doubly exploits the very same ambivalence in liberal‐humanism that facilitated the European control of ‘Others’ in an earlier era of globalisation. Gandhi who challenged the Matrix‐like effects of globalising British Empire power in this earlier era of globalisation is referred to in the paper as a real figure of history to exemplify the Neo figure in the discussion of the Matrix as a metaphor for the neo‐liberal EFA policy.
Investigation of microstructure in additive manufactured Inconel 625 by spatially resolved neutron transmission spectroscopy

Abstract Non-destructive testing techniques based on neutron imaging and diffraction can provide information on the internal structure of relatively thick metal samples (up to several cm), which are opaque to other conventional non-destructive methods. Spatially resolved neutron transmission spectroscopy is an extension of traditional neutron radiography, where multiple images are acquired simultaneously, each corresponding to a narrow range of energy. The analysis of transmission spectra enables studies of bulk microstructures at the spatial resolution comparable to the detector pixel. In this study we demonstrate the possibility of imaging (with ~100 μm resolution) distribution of some microstructure properties, such as residual strain, texture, voids and impurities in Inconel 625 samples manufactured with an additive manufacturing method called direct metal laser melting (DMLM). Although this imaging technique can be implemented only in a few large-scale facilities, it can be a valuable tool for optimization of additive manufacturing techniques and materials and for correlating bulk microstructure properties to manufacturing process parameters. In addition, the experimental strain distribution can help validate finite element models which many industries use to predict the residual stress distributions in additive manufactured components.
Phosphorylation of the Cav3.2 T-type calcium channel directly regulates its gating properties

Significance Ion channels are membrane proteins essential for signal generation and transmission in the nervous system. They are finely regulated, and even small changes in their activity can trigger important physiological or pathological consequences on brain function. A regulatory mechanism of particular importance is phosphorylation. In this study, we assess the impact of phosphorylation on the activity of a specific ion channel, the T-type calcium channel Cav3.2. We show for the first time, to our knowledge, that Cav3.2 is highly phosphorylated in vivo and in a mammalian brain as well as in a human cell line, and we identify many phosphorylation sites critical for the way that the channel opens in response to changes in membrane potential and neuronal excitability. Phosphorylation is a major mechanism regulating the activity of ion channels that remains poorly understood with respect to T-type calcium channels (Cav3). These channels are low voltage-activated calcium channels that play a key role in cellular excitability and various physiological functions. Their dysfunction has been linked to several neurological disorders, including absence epilepsy and neuropathic pain. Recent studies have revealed that T-type channels are modulated by a variety of serine/threonine protein kinase pathways, which indicates the need for a systematic analysis of T-type channel phosphorylation. Here, we immunopurified Cav3.2 channels from rat brain, and we used high-resolution MS to construct the first, to our knowledge, in vivo phosphorylation map of a voltage-gated calcium channel in a mammalian brain. We identified as many as 34 phosphorylation sites, and we show that the vast majority of these sites are also phosphorylated on the human Cav3.2 expressed in HEK293T cells. In patch-clamp studies, treatment of the channel with alkaline phosphatase as well as analysis of dephosphomimetic mutants revealed that phosphorylation regulates important functional properties of Cav3.2 channels, including voltage-dependent activation and inactivation and kinetics. We also identified that the phosphorylation of a locus situated in the loop I-II S442/S445/T446 is crucial for this regulation. Our data show that Cav3.2 channels are highly phosphorylated in the mammalian brain and establish phosphorylation as an important mechanism involved in the dynamic regulation of Cav3.2 channel gating properties.
Why Is Initial Bacterial Colonization of the Intestine Important to Infants' and Children's Health?

ABSTRACT Microbial colonization of the infant occurs during a critical time window for immune and gastrointestinal development. Infant colonization sets the stage for the adult microbiome. This review is a broad survey of the factors affecting infant colonization and the downstream effects on gastrointestinal health and disease. Major topics affecting colonization include initial inoculation dependent on birth mode, the impact of breast-feeding, and inside-out modulation of the developing microbiome by the immune system. Major outcomes of colonization include the timing-dependent education of the neonatal immune system, which is interconnected with barrier function and metabolism. These all engage in further continuing cross-talk with the microbiome, genetics, and nutrition. This review also briefly examines mechanisms of disease resulting from disrupted colonization as well as nutritional and microbial therapies.
DIABETES -THE PREVENTABLE EPIDEMIC A CONCISE UPDATE OF IMPORTANT ISSUES CONCERNING NATURAL HEALTH INGREDIENTS

is a fascinating combination of positive and negative feedback controls involving the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, adrenals, ovaries and uterus. Unfortunately, for various reasons, the rhythm is often disrupted and difficulties arise. This review will look at some of the more common disruptions and difficulties with the menstrual cycle such as amenorrhea, anovulation, luteal phase deficiencies, abnormal uterine bleeding and PMS. This review focuses on several trends and diagnostic techniques used to distinguish if the patient can be treated with natural remedies, what those remedies are, and the research supporting those remedies. It will be clear that with the proper diagnosis and treatment, natural medicine is well suited to set the rhythm back in motion. 2 0 0 1 Vo l u m e 4 , N o . 2
Governing Multiple Firms

Conventional wisdom is that, when an investor owns multiple firms, governance is weaker because she is spread too thinly. We show that common ownership can strengthen governance; moreover, the channel through which it does so applies to both voice and exit, and equityholders and debtholders. Under common ownership, an informed investor has flexibility over which assets to retain and which to sell, and sells low-quality assets first. This increases adverse selection and thus price informativeness. In a voice model, the investor's incentives to monitor are stronger since "cutting-and-running" is less profitable. In an exit model, the manager's incentives to work are stronger since the price impact of investor selling is greater.
Predicting the Present with Bayesian Structural Time Series

This article describes a system for short term forecasting based on an ensemble prediction that averages over different combinations of predictors. The system combines a structural time series model for the target series with regression component capturing the contributions of contemporaneous search query data. A spike-and-slab prior on the regression coefficients induces sparsity, dramatically reducing the size of the regression problem. Our system averages over potential contributions from a very large set of models and gives easily digested reports of which coefficients are likely to be important. We illustrate with applications to initial claims for unemployment benefits and to retail sales. Although our exposition focuses on using search engine data to forecast economic time series, the underlying statistical methods can be applied to more general short term forecasting with large numbers of contemporaneous predictors.
Assessing Critical Thinking in Baccalaureate Nursing Students: A Longitudinal Study

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the attainment of critical thinking skills of students before and after curriculum revision of a baccalaureate nursing program. The California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST) was used to measure the critical thinking ability of the students at program entry, midpoint, and at exit. The sample consisted of three cohorts of students: cohort 1 (n = 55) was the baseline class before curriculum revision, whereas cohorts 2 (n = 55) and 3 (n = 73) were the first two classes to experience the revised curriculum. The results revealed that cohort 2 achieved significantly higher critical thinking scores than the baseline cohort. Cohort 2 also improved dramatically on all subscales from test 1 to test 3. However, cohort 3 failed to demonstrate improved critical thinking scores over time. Findings have implications for measuring critical thinking.
Can Education Values Be Borrowed? Looking Into Cultural Differences

In this article I describe the cultural origins of educational values and practices in East Asia, particularly Japan and China. Values and assumptions concerning ability and effort have deeply rooted origins in the cultural traditions of these nations. The observable differences in educational practice and thinking between these nations and the West exist for reasons that lie beneath the surface. Such unseen factors are not easily changed by simple advocacy or even by formal educational policies. I argue that at the same time that trends toward global diffusion of educational policies are gathering steam, care must be taken to understand the cultural context from which policies are being borrowed and into which they will be implemented.
Essays on Industrial Policy and Communication

In my dissertation, I study government policies and their effects on the behavior of agents in the economy. Chapter 1 discusses the effects that subsidies for small firms have on aggregate output and productivity, with an empirical application to policies in India. Chapter 2 studies the effects of lowering communication costs on structural transformation, with an empirical focus on the roll out of Rural Free Delivery in the United States. Chapter 3 presents a method to estimate the effects that increased transparency have on deliberation, in particular that of the Federal Reserve Bank.
Pour une pratique fondée sur des données probantes “Evidence Based Practice“ (EBP) en activité physique adaptée : perspectives et enjeux

Ces dix dernieres annees, un certain nombre de professionnels de l’activite physique adaptee ont avance que, dans la mesure du possible, nos pratiques doivent etre fondees sur des donnees probantes 2 (EBP : “Evidence-Based Practice“). Dans le present article, differentes definitions de l’EBP sont etudiees. Une attention particuliere est accordee a l’une des definitions stipulant que les praticiens doivent utiliser les meilleures donnees de recherche pour guider leur pratique. On reconnait generalement que les bonnes pratiques doivent etre guidees par le resultat d’essais cliniques sur echantillons aleatoires (RCT : “Randomized Controlled Trials“) soigneusement menes. Dans le present article, les possibilites et les limites des RCT pour les interventions en Activite physique adaptee (APA) sont brievement passees en revue. Il est clair que l’APA est souvent guidee par une philosophie de l’individu et que, par consequent, l’application des resultats des RCT trouve sa limite quand on l’applique a une personne particuliere. Les consequences de ces defis pour l’essor de l’EBP en APA sont etudiees.
Modeling data transfer in content-centric networking

Content-centric networking proposals, as Parc's CCN, have recently emerged to define new network architectures where content, and not its location, becomes the core of the communication model. These new paradigms push data storage and delivery at network layer and are designed to better deal with current Internet usage, mainly centered around content dissemination and retrieval. In this paper, we develop an analytical model of CCN in-network storage and receiver-driven transport, that more generally applies to a class of content ori ented networks identified by chunk-based communication. We derive a closed-form expression for the mean stationary throughput as a function of hit/miss probabilities at the caches along the path, of content popularity and of content/cache size. Our analytical results, supported by chunk level simulations, can be used to analyze fundamental trade-offs in current CCN architecture, and provide an essential building block for the design and evaluation of enhanced CCN protocols.