Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CO2: Inferring Personal Interests From Raw Footprints by Connecting the Offline World with the Online World

User-generated trajectories (UGTs), such as travel records from bus companies, capture rich information of human mobility in the offline world. However, some interesting applications of these raw footprints have not been exploited well due to the lack of textual information to infer the subject’s personal interests. Although there is rich semantic information contained in the spatial- and temporal-aware user-generated contents (STUGC) published in the online world, such as Twitter, less effort has been made to utilize this information to facilitate the interest discovery process. In this article, we design an effective probabilistic framework named CO2 to c onnect the o ffline world with the o nline world in order to discover users’ interests directly from their raw footprints in UGT. CO2 first infers trip intentions by utilizing the semantic information in STUGC and then discovers user interests by aggregating the intentions. To evaluate the effectiveness of CO2, we use two large-scale real-world datasets as a case study and further conduct a questionnaire survey to show the superior performance of CO2.
The Characteristics of Social Responsibility for Undergraduate Students

Compiling questionnaire of Undergraduates' Social Responsibility by ourselves,we investigated 1798 Undergraduates and analyzed their characteristics of USR.The Results showed :(1)The developmental level of USR in China is high and uneven. (2)There is a significant difference in USR among schools,grades,departments and family types.The USR level of ordinary university is higher than that of the key university.Grade one college students' lever is higher than that of Grade Three students.Non-single children higher than single children and single parent higher than parents. (3)There isn't a significant difference in USR from sex,origin of family,and parents' careers.
Assessment of Liver Function Using Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Gd-EOB-DTPA: Experimental Study in Rat Hepatectomy Model

Objectives To determine whether the pharmacokinetic parameters of Gd-EOB-DTPA can identify the difference in liver function in a rat hepatectomy model. Methods A total of 56 eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following groups: control group without hepatectomy (n = 16), 70% hepatectomy group (n = 14), and 90% hepatectomy group (n = 26). On postoperative day 2, Gd-EOB-DTPA (0.1 mmol/kg) was injected intravenously and serial blood samples were obtained. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using a noncompartmental method. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc pairwise group comparisons. Results After excluding 6 rats that died unexpectedly, blood samples were obtained from 16, 14, and 20 rats in the control group, 70% hepatectomy group, and 90% hepatectomy group. There was a significant increase in area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to the time of the last measurable concentration between the 70% and 90% hepatectomy group (P < 0.001). The volume of distribution at steady state was significantly decreased between the control and 70% hepatectomy group (P < 0.001). The clearance was significantly different in all pairwise group comparisons (P < 0.001). Conclusions The vascular clearance of Gd-EOB-DTPA can identify the difference in liver function in a rat hepatectomy model.
Reversal of olanzapine-induced weight gain in a patient with schizophrenia by switching to asenapine: a case report

Aims Antipsychotics are effective for treating schizophrenia, but atypical antipsychotics can cause several adverse side effects including weight gain, hyperprolactinemia, and extrapyramidal symptoms. Moreover, weight gain increases the risk of metabolic diseases. Methods We treated a case of olanzapine-induced weight gain in a 41-year-old man with schizophrenia by switching his medication from olanzapine to asenapine. Results The weight gain improved after switching the medication, from 80.3 to 75.0 kg, a weight loss of 6.6%, and there was no significant worsening of psychological symptoms or other adverse effects. Conclusions Asenapine might be effective for treating patients with schizophrenia who experience olanzapine-induced weight gain.
RESEARCH BLOG 7/12/04

Last week, Saul Schleimer posted a paper showing that recognition of the 3-sphere lies in NP. This generalizes work of Hass, Lagarias, and Pippenger [3], who showed that recognition of the unknot lies in NP, using Haken’s algorithm. In both cases, the certificate can be chosen to be a collection of coordinates for normal/almost normal surfaces. Most likely, one can show that one need only specify the quadrilateral types for the normal surfaces. In any case, once these coordinates are given, the algorithm runs in time bounded by a polynomial function of the number of tetrahedra. I’ve worked out an argument to show that the unknot recognition problem is coNP (which means that there is a certificate that a knot is non-trivial which can be checked in polynomial time by an algorithm). It would be interesting to know if the sphere recognition problem is in coNP as well, but this is likely much more difficult (even using geometrization). The certificate in the case of Saul’s algorithm is coordinates for a collection of normal and almost normal 2-spheres, given by the Rubinstein-Thompson algorithm [4]. One then has to check that the complementary regions are balls and punctured spheres, which Saul does by normalizing the almost normal 2-spheres, while keeping careful track of what happens during the normalization. His algorithm answers a question I asked him, and should be useful for finding other NP algorithms, for example an algorithm to tell if a manifold is Haken. Another interesting paper posted last week by Lenhard Ng shows a connection between a generalization of his contact homology for knots, and the A-polynomial [2] (as speculated in blog 5/12/04). In fact, he defines a homotopy invariant of knots (called the framed cord algebra), which is somewhat reminiscent of the rings studied by Brumfiel and Hilden [1] (this suggests formulation of a new type of skein module, which has framed tangles in a knot complement which can satisfy Ng’s moves (figs. 1,2,3 in his paper) near the boundary of the knot, and satisfies Kauffman’s bracket away from the boundary, which would be
Identifying the Provision of Choices in Privacy Policy Text

Websites’ and mobile apps’ privacy policies, written in natural language, tend to be long and difficult to understand. Information privacy revolves around the fundamental principle of Notice and choice, namely the idea that users should be able to make informed decisions about what information about them can be collected and how it can be used. Internet users want control over their privacy, but their choices are often hidden in long and convoluted privacy policy texts. Moreover, little (if any) prior work has been done to detect the provision of choices in text. We address this challenge of enabling user choice by automatically identifying and extracting pertinent choice language in privacy policies. In particular, we present a two-stage architecture of classification models to identify opt-out choices in privacy policy text, labelling common varieties of choices with a mean F1 score of 0.735. Our techniques enable the creation of systems to help Internet users to learn about their choices, thereby effectuating notice and choice and improving Internet privacy.
Pharmacokinetics of adriamycin and tissue penetration in murine ovarian cancer.

Abstract The penetration of Adriamycin into tumor cells and the pharmacokinetics of Adriamycin i.v. and i.p. were examined in C3HeB/FeJ mice with a transplantable ovarian cancer. Adriamycin was previously demonstrated to be effective therapy in this model only via the i.p. route. Adriamycin-specific intranuclear fluorescence was detected in ascites tumor cells within 1 min following an i.p. dose but was undetectable at any time following an equitoxic i.v. dose. Adriamycin-specific fluorescence was observed after an i.p. dose in all the tumor cells coating the diaphragm. After an i.v. dose, there was only faint and patchy intranuclear fluorescence in tumor cells coating the diaphragm. Adriamycin i.p. penetrated only into the outermost 4 to 6 cell layers of intraabdominal tumors, whereas after the i.v. route Adriamycin-specific fluorescence was observed in a patchy distribution throughout the tumor. The visual observations were confirmed by measurement of tissue Adriamycin levels. Over a 48-hr period, the concentration of Adriamycin and its fluorescent metabolites after i.p. administration exceeded by at least 1 log the i.v. drug level in ascites fluid, with the peak i.p. level (7.5 µg/ml) almost 30 times higher than the peak i.v. level (0.26 µg/ml). In the tumor cells, the peak level was 50 times higher after an i.p. dose, and at least a 1-log differential between i.v. and i.p. levels was maintained throughout the 48 hr studied. In contrast, the peak drug levels in heart, liver, and kidney were markedly higher after the i.v. route than after the i.p. route, with ratios of 3:1 for heart and kidney and 8:1 for liver. The differential in tissue concentrations rapidly decreased, so that by 24 hr there was no difference in drug concentration between the routes in any of the three organs. These observations explain the increased efficacy of i.p. over i.v. Adriamycin therapy in murine ovarian cancer and suggest further evaluation of this mode of therapy in suitable patients with ovarian cancer.
The uniform global output regulation problem for discontinuous systems

In this paper we formulate and study the uniform global output regulation problem for systems with discontinuous right-hand sides. A characterization of all controllers solving this problem is provided. Based on this characterization, the regulator equations for discontinuous systems are derived. Solvability of these regulator equations is a necessary condition for the solvability of the uniform global output regulation problem. The developed theory is illustrated with an example.
Cost-Effectiveness of Pazopanib Versus Sunitinib for Renal Cancer in the United States.

We write to comment on a recently published study by Delea et al. in the January 2015 issue of JMCP that evaluated the cost-effectiveness (CE) of sunitinib (SU) versus pazopanib (PAZ) as first-line treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) from a U.S. third-party payer perspective.1 This analysis was based on COMPARZ and PISCES, clinical trials that compared SU and PAZ2,3 and led the authors to conclude that PAZ is cost-effective (in fact, dominant, according to the base-case results) compared with SU. Such assessment of economic value is clearly important for deciding between therapies to ensure fair access; therefore, we welcome a comparative evaluation of SU and PAZ. However, we believe that some of the key assumptions and inputs used in the model by Delea et al. render their results and conclusions invalid. Best practice requires that results from a health economic model should reflect the most likely outcomes based on sound methodology and robust evidence for its inputs, as recommended by the International Society of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). 4 Here, we focus on 2 key areas (utilities and survival modeling) where, in our view, the analysis by Delea et al. falls short of this standard, and a third area (treatment costs) where the basis for the data derived is unclear.
Investigating the viability of scroll-wheel interfaced mobile phones for text entry

Increasingly mobile device applications are requiring users to perform text-intensive tasks, such as text messaging, thus creating a demand for more efficient and easier text entry methods. The current diversity of mobile phones come with an equally diverse array of text entry hardware (e.g. keypads, scroll wheels etc) and supporting algorithms (e.g. T9 [24]). The Nokia 7380 mobile phone has abandoned the traditional 12-button keypad for that of a scroll wheel via which all text entry is required. Unfortunately, this has resulted in a diminished text entry speed when compared to traditional keypad text entry methods. This study aims to investigate the viability of using a scroll wheel interfaced mobile phone with a new predictive text entry algorithm to improve text entry speeds and accuracy with the device. Investigations were conducted via simulations and it was found that the new algorithm gave a 50% increase in text entry speed when compared to the existing text entry method on this device.
Step Training-Dependent Plasticity in Spinal Cutaneous Pathways

Plasticity after spinal cord injury can be initiated by specific patterns of sensory feedback, leading to a reorganization of spinal networks. For example, proprioceptive feedback from limb loading during the stance phase is crucial for the recovery of stepping in spinal-injured animals and humans. Our recent results showed that step training modified transmission from group I afferents of extensors in spinal cats. However, cutaneous afferents are also activated during locomotion and are necessary for proper foot placement in spinal cats. We therefore hypothesized that step training would also modify transmission in cutaneous pathways to facilitate recovery of stepping. We tested transmission in cutaneous pathways by comparing intracellular responses in lumbar motoneurons (n = 136) in trained (n = 11) and untrained (n = 7) cats spinalized 3-5 weeks before the acute electrophysiological experiment. Three cutaneous nerves were stimulated, and each evoked up to three motoneuronal responses mediated by at least three different pathways. Overall, of 71 cutaneous pathways tested, 10 were modified by step training: transmission was reduced in 7 and facilitated in 3. Remarkably, 6 of 10 involved the medial plantar nerve innervating the plantar surface of the foot, including two of the facilitated pathways. Because the cutaneous reflexes are exaggerated after spinalization, we interpret the decrease in most pathways as a normalization of cutaneous transmission necessary to recover locomotor movements. Overall, the results showed a high degree of specificity in plasticity among cutaneous pathways and indicate that transmission of skin inputs signaling ground contact, in particular, is modified by step training.
Susceptibility to DNA Damage as a Molecular Mechanism for Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate

Non-syndromic cleft lip/palate (NSCL/P) is a complex, frequent congenital malformation, determined by the interplay between genetic and environmental factors during embryonic development. Previous findings have appointed an aetiological overlap between NSCL/P and cancer, and alterations in similar biological pathways may underpin both conditions. Here, using a combination of transcriptomic profiling and functional approaches, we report that NSCL/P dental pulp stem cells exhibit dysregulation of a co-expressed gene network mainly associated with DNA double-strand break repair and cell cycle control (p = 2.88×10−2–5.02×10−9). This network included important genes for these cellular processes, such as BRCA1, RAD51, and MSH2, which are predicted to be regulated by transcription factor E2F1. Functional assays support these findings, revealing that NSCL/P cells accumulate DNA double-strand breaks upon exposure to H2O2. Furthermore, we show that E2f1, Brca1 and Rad51 are co-expressed in the developing embryonic orofacial primordia, and may act as a molecular hub playing a role in lip and palate morphogenesis. In conclusion, we show for the first time that cellular defences against DNA damage may take part in determining the susceptibility to NSCL/P. These results are in accordance with the hypothesis of aetiological overlap between this malformation and cancer, and suggest a new pathogenic mechanism for the disease.
Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction and Its Association With the Mode of Birth.

PURPOSE To assess the association of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) with mode of birth (vaginal or cesarean). METHODS This study was a prospective interventional case series of 200 consecutive cases of CNLDO presenting at a tertiary care center. Data collected include demographics, mode of delivery, elective or emergency cesarean section, primary or secondary cesarean sections, type of CNLDO (simple or complex), management, and outcomes. Statistical significance was set at a P value of less than . 05. RESULTS Of the 200 consecutive patients, 97 (48.5%) were vaginal deliveries and 103 (51.5%) were cesarean sections. Of the 103 cesarean section patients, 57 (55.3%) were primary cesarean sections and the remaining were secondary cesarean sections. Based on the type of CNLDO, 172 (86%) were simple CNLDO. In general, the current study did not find any significant association between the incidence of CNLDO and mode of delivery. Among the complex CNLDO cohort (n = 28), a significant association was found with cesarean section delivery (P = .016); however, no such association was noted when the patients were analyzed with regard to their age at presentation. CONCLUSIONS The current study did not find an overall significant association between CNLDO and the mode of delivery; however, the subset of patients with complex CNLDO showed a significant association with cesarean section. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2018;55(4):266-268. ].
Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization for Multicast Load Balancing in Wireless Mesh Networks

In Wireless Mesh Network (WMN), load balancing is an important factor to build a multicast routing protocol. In this paper, we propose a new Multi-Objective model for multicast load balancing optimization in wireless mesh network. This model called Path-MeshRouter-Gateway load balancing (PMRGLB), which aims to achieve four objectives, i.e. minimizing the total cost of the network, minimizing path length, minimizing gateway load balancing, and minimizing path interference. This optimization problem is solved simultaneously by using a meta-heuristic method. Simulation result shows the effective of this model compare with others.
Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Properties of Alkaloids from Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don is a herbal plant traditionally used by local populations in India, South Africa, China and Malaysia to treat diabetes. The present study reports the in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of the major alkaloids isolated from Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don leaves extract. Four alkaloids—vindoline I, vindolidine II, vindolicine III and vindolinine IV—were isolated and identified from the dichloromethane extract (DE) of this plant’s leaves. DE and compounds I–III were not cytotoxic towards pancreatic β-TC6 cells at the highest dosage tested (25.0 µg/mL). All four alkaloids induced relatively high glucose uptake in pancreatic β-TC6 or myoblast C2C12 cells, with III showing the highest activity. In addition, compounds II–IV demonstrated good protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP-1B) inhibition activity, implying their therapeutic potential against type 2 diabetes. III showed the highest antioxidant potential in ORAC and DPPH assays and it also alleviated H2O2-induced oxidative damage in β-TC6 cells at 12.5 µg/mL and 25.0 µg/mL.
Multiobjective Optimization Applied to the Eradication of Persistent Pathogens

In scenarios such as therapeutic modeling or pest control, one aims to suppress infective agents or maximize crop yields while minimizing the side-effects of interventions, such as cost, environmental impact, and toxicity. Here, we consider the eradication of persistent microbes (e.g., Escherichia coli, multiply resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA-“superbug”), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) through medication. Such microbe populations consist of metabolically active and metabolically inactive (persistent) subpopulations. It turns out that, for efficient medication strategies, the two goals, eradication of active bacteria on one hand and eradication of inactive bacteria on the other, are in conflict. Using multiobjective optimization, we obtain a survey of the full spectrum of best solutions. We find that, if treatment time is limited and the total medication dose is constant, the application of the medication should be concentrated both at the beginning and end of the treatment. If the treatment time is increased, the medication should become increasingly spread out over the treatment period until it is uniformly spread over the entire period. The transition between short and long overall treatment times sees optimal medication strategies clustered into groups.
Une analyse microéconomique des règles de preuve dans le contentieux civil

Les normes procedurales sont susceptibles d'affecter les strategies mises en place par les parties a un litige. Nous etudions leur impact sur le volume des contentieux et sur le montant des depenses engagees par les parties afin de gagner le proces. Ces deux composantes du cout social des litiges sont au coeur des defis que les pays developpes doivent relever pour garantir l'effectivite des regles de droit substantiel. Nos travaux portent en particulier sur les regles de preuve, et nous mettons l'accent sur l'opposition entre les regles civilistes et celles de common law.Apres avoir defini les contours et les enjeux de notre sujet dans l'introduction generale, nous developpons un plan en deux parties. La premiere partie porte sur le comportement des parties lorsque celles-ci ont la possibilite de parvenir a un accord. Des modeles strategiques et optimistes sont developpes pour apprehender les decisions d'aller en justice et de negocier. La seconde partie est centree sur le processus de production de preuves qui precede l'audience finale. Nous utilisons des modeles de recherche de rente pour analyser les incitations des parties a engager des depenses.Les resultats suggerent que les regles de preuve ont un impact considerable sur le cout social des contentieux. Nous montrons que le volume des litiges en France et aux Etats-Unis peut s'expliquer par les differentes regles de preuve s'appliquant dans ces deux pays. Notre analyse revele egalement que les regles de preuves constituent un determinant majeur du cout prive des litiges et des strategies de defense des defendeurs.
Force Generation by Parallel Combinations of Fiber-Reinforced Fluid-Driven Actuators

The compliant structure of soft robotic systems enables a variety of novel capabilities in comparison to traditional rigid-bodied robots. A subclass of soft fluid-driven actuators known as fiber-reinforced elastomeric enclosures (FREEs) is particularly well suited as actuators for these types of systems. FREEs are inherently soft and can impart spatial forces without imposing a rigid structure. Furthermore, they can be configured to produce a large variety of force and moment combinations. In this letter, we explore the potential of combining multiple differently configured FREEs in parallel to achieve fully controllable multidimensional soft actuation. To this end, we propose a novel methodology to represent and calculate the generalized forces generated by soft actuators as a function of their internal pressure. This methodology relies on the notion of a state dependent fluid Jacobian that yields a linear expression for force. We employ this concept to construct the set of all possible forces that can be generated by a soft system in a given state. This force zonotope can be used to inform the design and control of parallel combinations of soft actuators. The approach is verified experimentally with the parallel combination of three carefully designed actuators constrained to a 2DOF test platform. The force predictions matched measured values with a root-mean-square error of less than 1.5 N force and $\mathbf {8 \times 10^{-3}}$ Nm moment, demonstrating the utility of the presented methodology.