Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CSA++: Fast Pattern Search for Large Alphabets

Indexed pattern search in text has been studied for many decades. For small alphabets, the FM-Index provides unmatched performance, in terms of both space required and search speed. For large alphabets -- for example, when the tokens are words -- the situation is more complex, and FM-Index representations are compact, but potentially slow. In this paper we apply recent innovations from the field of inverted indexing and document retrieval to compressed pattern search, including for alphabets into the millions. Commencing with the practical compressed suffix array structure developed by Sadakane, we show that the Elias-Fano code-based approach to document indexing can be adapted to provide new tradeoff options in indexed pattern search, and offers significantly faster pattern processing compared to previous implementations, as well as reduced space requirements. We report a detailed experimental evaluation that demonstrates the relative advantages of the new approach, using the standard Pizza&Chili methodology and files, as well as applied use-cases derived from large-scale data compression, and from natural language processing. For large alphabets, the new structure gives rise to space requirements that are close to those of the most highly-compressed FM-Index variants, in conjunction with unparalleled search throughput rates.
Feeling the Heat: Body Temperature and the Rate of Subjective Time, Revisited

Experiments investigating timing behaviour in humans under conditions where body temperature was raised or (much more rarely) lowered, dating from 1927 to 1993, were reviewed. These tested the hypothesis that humans possess a temperature-sensitive chemical or biological internal clock. Most studies used conditions in which subjects produced or estimated durations less than 100 sec long, probably using chronometric counting, but other experimental paradigms were sometimes employed. Data from each study were expressed in a uniform fashion, as plots of changes in the rate of subjective time (estimated from changes in timing behaviour) against changes in body temperature. In almost all cases, rate of subjective time increased when body temperature increased above normal, and decreased when body temperature was lowered below normal, although observations of the latter type were rare. The data also suggested a parametric effect of body temperature, with higher temperatures generally producing faster subjective time. Some possible mechanisms for the effects obtained were discussed, with the most promising explanation probably being that the temperature manipulation produces changes in arousal.
How much professional development is enough? Meeting the needs of independent music teachers learning to use a digital tool

Even though there are demonstrated benefits of using online tools to support student musicians, there is a persistent challenge of providing sufficient and effective professional development for independent music teachers to use such tools successfully. This paper describes several methods for helping teachers use an online tool called iSCORE, including embedded online support, targeted email messages, webinars, and face-to-face workshops. Using contemporary frameworks for characterizing continuing professional development, the success of each of these teaching approaches, separately and in combination, is considered through an examination of teacher feedback, uptake of the tool by students, and the interview data from an advisory board made up of teachers, educators, software designers and developers, publishers, and business leaders. Inherent tensions and difficulties in designing appropriate professional development are discussed.
Organ Evolution in Angiosperms Driven by Correlated Divergences of Gene Sequences and Expression Patterns[C][W]

The evolution of a species involves changes in its genome and its transcriptome. Divergence in expression patterns may be more important than divergence in sequences for determining phenotypic changes, particularly among closely related species. We examined the relationships between organ evolution, sequence evolution, and expression evolution in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice (Oryza sativa), and maize (Zea mays). We found correlated divergence of gene sequences and expression patterns, with distinct divergence rates that depend on the organ types in which a gene is expressed. For instance, genes specifically expressed in reproductive organs (i.e., stamen) evolve more quickly than those specifically expressed in vegetative organs (e.g., root). The different rates in organ evolution may be due to different degrees of functional constraint associated with the different physiological functions of plant organs. Additionally, the evolutionary rate of a gene sequence is correlated with the breadth of its expression in terms of the number of tissues, the number of coregulation modules, and the number of species in which the gene is expressed, as well as the number of genes with which it may interact. This linkage supports the hypothesis that constitutively expressed genes may experience higher levels of functional constraint accumulated from multiple tissues than do tissue-specific genes.
How Can Synchrotron Radiation Techniques Be Applied for Detecting Microstructures in Amorphous Alloys

In this work, how synchrotron radiation techniques can be applied for detecting the microstructure in metallic glass (MG) is studied. The unit cells are the basic structural units in crystals, though it has been suggested that the co-existence of various clusters may be the universal structural feature in MG. Therefore, it is a challenge to detect microstructures of MG even at the short-range scale by directly using synchrotron radiation techniques, such as X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption methods. Here, a feasible scheme is developed where some state-of-the-art synchrotron radiation-based experiments can be combined with simulations to investigate the microstructure in MG. By studying a typical MG composition (Zr70Pd30), it is found that various clusters do co-exist in its microstructure, and icosahedral-like clusters are the popular structural units. This is the structural origin where there is precipitation of an icosahedral quasicrystalline phase prior to phase transformation from glass to crystal when heating Zr70Pd30 MG.
Reduced and Fixed-Complexity Variants of the LLL Algorithm for Communications

The Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovász (LLL) algorithm is a popular lattice reduction algorithm in communications. In this paper, variants of the LLL algorithm with either reduced or fixed complexity are proposed and analyzed. Specifically, the use of effective LLL reduction for lattice decoding is presented, where size reduction is only performed for pairs of consecutive basis vectors. Its average complexity (measured by the number of floating-point operations and averaged over i.i.d. standard normal lattice bases) is shown to be O(n^3 log n), where n is the lattice dimension. This average complexity is an order lower than previously thought. To address the issue of variable complexity of the LLL algorithm, two fixed-complexity approximations are proposed. One is fixed-complexity effective LLL, for which the first vector of the basis is proven to be bounded in length; the other is fixed-complexity LLL with deep insertion, which is shown to be closely related to the well known V-BLAST algorithm. Such fixed-complexity structures are much desirable in hardware implementation since they allow straightforward constant-throughput implementation.
Lactate concentrations in the rectal lumen in patients in early septic shock

Background: Previously, we observed that rectal luminal lactate was higher in non‐survivors compared with survivors of severe sepsis or septic shock persisting >24 h. The present study was initiated to further investigate this tentative association between rectal luminal lactate and mortality in a larger population of patients in early septic shock.
Yoga experience as a predictor of psychological wellness in women over 45 years

Background: Although high levels of subjective well-being (SWB) are common in old age, a subset of older individuals is disproportionately vulnerable to negative affect. Yoga has been shown to have many short-term benefits, but researchers have not determined whether a long-term or frequent yoga practice increasingly protects older women from low levels of psychological well-being. Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which psychological attitudes, transcendence, mental mastery, and subjective vitality in a sample of female yoga practitioners over 45 years varied according to the length and frequency of yoga practice. Materials and Methods: We administered online surveys to a non-probability sample of 211 female yoga practitioners 45 to 80. We used weighted least squares regression analyses to evaluate the relationship of extent of yoga experience to the outcome variables after accounting for age and lifestyle factors. Results: Participants had practiced yoga for as long as 50 years and for up to 28 h per week. There were significant positive relationships between yoga experience and all outcome variables. These significant relationships remained after accounting for age and lifestyle factors. When we computed yoga experience in terms of total calendar years, without accounting for hours of practice, significant relationships did not remain. Transcendence of the ordinary was the most strongly associated with current yoga practice frequency, and positive psychological attitudes were the most strongly associated with total lifetime hours of practice. Conclusions: Among a non-probability sample of female yoga practitioners between 45 and 80 years, increased yoga experience predicted increased levels of psychological well-being. Results showed a dose-response effect, with yoga experience exercising an increasingly protective effect against low levels of SWB and vitality.
The role of metaconceptual evaluation in fifth grade students' construction of explanatory models of magnetic phenomena

idea of the wave-like current in the ocean passing over a long distance, to construct an explanatory model for the abstract idea of magnetism. By visualizing magnetism as wave-like energy passing across a longer distance, the student was able to explain how the magnet in the earth could influence the compass, instead of imagining a bubble-like energy encompassing the magnets, which only can influence the object for a
A Combined Satellite-Derived Drought Indicator to Support Humanitarian Aid Organizations

Governments, aid organizations and researchers are struggling with the complexity of detecting and monitoring drought events, which leads to weaknesses regarding the translation of early warnings into action. Embedded in an advanced decision-support framework for Doctors without Borders (Medecins sans Frontieres), this study focuses on identifying the added-value of combining different satellite-derived datasets for drought monitoring and forecasting in Ethiopia. The core of the study is the improvement of an existing drought index via methodical adaptations and the integration of various satellite-derived datasets. The resulting Enhanced Combined Drought Index (ECDI) links four input datasets (rainfall, soil moisture, land surface temperature and vegetation status). The respective weight of each input dataset is calculated for every grid point at a spatial resolution of 0.25 degrees (roughly 28 kilometers). In the case of data gaps in one input dataset, the weights are automatically redistributed to other available variables. Ranking the years 1992 to 2014 according to the ECDI-based warning levels allows for the identification of all large-scale drought events in Ethiopia. Our results also indicate a good match between the ECDI-based drought warning levels and reported drought impacts for both the start and the end of the season.
Gender Ideology in the Rise of Obstetrics

At present, obstetrics is a major specialty in the field of medicine in the United States. However, until the early twentieth century, there was no agreement on what constituted an obstetrical specialist, and different types of medical practitioners were involved in the practice of obstetrics. In 1910, approximately half of all the births were attended by midwives, and most of the physicians who attended the births were general practitioners and not obstetrical specialists.1 Obstetrics struggled to achieve respect and recognition as a specialty during the time when the field of medicine in the United States was rebuilding its professional status and striving to achieve legal protection for its services. However, as Charlotte G. Borst states, “the professionalization process for obstetrics differed from that of other medical specialties. ”2 General practitioners argued that obstetrics was a part of their overall practice and thus obstetrics lacked recognition and respect as a specialty. John Whitridge Williams, Professor of Obstetrics at Johns Hopkins University, expressed regret at the lack of appreciation by his medical colleagues with regard to the importance of obstetrics. He stated that “even in such an institution as the Johns Hopkins University, several members of the medical faculty still believe that the obstetrician need
The plasma pharmacokinetics and cerebral spinal fluid penetration of intravenous topiramate in newborn pigs

Introduction—Pre‐clinical studies suggest that the anticonvulsant topiramate confers neurologic protection against ischemia. An intravenous formulation of topiramate has been developed for administration during conditions such as hypoxia‐ischemia when enteral absorption may be unpredictable. The plasma pharmacokinetics, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) penetration and pharmacodynamics of intravenous topiramate were studied in an established piglet model of hypoxia‐ischemia.
Postoperative irradiation with or without concomitant chemotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer.

BACKGROUND We compared concomitant cisplatin and irradiation with radiotherapy alone as adjuvant treatment for stage III or IV head and neck cancer. METHODS After undergoing surgery with curative intent, 167 patients were randomly assigned to receive radiotherapy alone (66 Gy over a period of 6 1/2 weeks) and 167 to receive the same radiotherapy regimen combined with 100 mg of cisplatin per square meter of body-surface area on days 1, 22, and 43 of the radiotherapy regimen. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 60 months, the rate of progression-free survival was significantly higher in the combined-therapy group than in the group given radiotherapy alone (P=0.04 by the log-rank test; hazard ratio for disease progression, 0.75; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.56 to 0.99), with 5-year Kaplan-Meier estimates of progression-free survival of 47 percent and 36 percent, respectively. The overall survival rate was also significantly higher in the combined-therapy group than in the radiotherapy group (P=0.02 by the log-rank test; hazard ratio for death, 0.70; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.52 to 0.95), with five-year Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall survival of 53 percent and 40 percent, respectively. The cumulative incidence of local or regional relapses was significantly lower in the combined-therapy group (P=0.007). The estimated five-year cumulative incidence of local or regional relapses (considering death from other causes as a competing risk) was 31 percent after radiotherapy and 18 percent after combined therapy. Severe (grade 3 or higher) adverse effects were more frequent after combined therapy (41 percent) than after radiotherapy (21 percent, P=0.001); the types of severe mucosal adverse effects were similar in the two groups, as was the incidence of late adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS Postoperative concurrent administration of high-dose cisplatin with radiotherapy is more efficacious than radiotherapy alone in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer and does not cause an undue number of late complications.
Exercise and the Aging Endothelium

The endothelium plays a critical role in the maintenance of cardiovascular health by producing nitric oxide and other vasoactive materials. Aging is associated with a gradual decline in this functional aspect of endothelial regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis. Indeed, age is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is in part an important factor in the increased exponential mortality rates from vascular disease such as myocardial infarction and stroke that occurs in the ageing population. There are a number of mechanisms suggested to explain age-related endothelial dysfunction. However, recent scientific studies have advanced the notion of oxidative stress and inflammation as the two major risk factors underlying aging and age-related diseases. Regular physical activity, known to have a favorable effect on cardiovascular health, can also improve the function of the ageing endothelium by modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory processes, as we discuss in this paper.
THE ROLE OF AUDITORY CUES IN THE SPATIAL KNOWLEDGE OF BLIND INDIVIDUALS

The study presented here sought to explore the role of auditory cues in the spatial knowledge of blind individuals by examining the relation between the perceived auditory cues and the landscape of a given area and by investigating how blind individuals use auditory cues to create cognitive maps. The findings reveal that several auditory cues characterize the study area and are linked to a number of its spatial features. Moreover, the results indicate that, through their sense of hearing, individuals with visual impairments create cognitive maps which include information about spatial relationships of environmental objects/attributes.
Liver function tests in patients with dengue viral infection

To assess the frequency and degree of hepatic dysfunction in patients with dengue infection, records of 214 serologically confirmed cases of dengue infection with available biochemical liver tests, admitted to our tertiary-care institute, were analysed. Patients were classified as classical dengue fever (DF) – 81.3%, dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) – 13.6% and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) – 5.1%. The mean age was 31.6 years (male:female = 3.3:1). Deranged total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin and prothrombin time index (PTI) [international normalized ratio (INR)] was present in 19.5% (29/143), 97.7% (209/214), 93.9% (199/214), 32.6% (47/144), 29.1% (44/151) and 15.5% (22/156) patients respectively. The mean (± SE) total bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP, albumin and INR values were 0.93 ± 0.09 mg/dl, 353.7 ± 49.6 U/L, 218.6 ± 27.2 U/L, 135.2 ± 6.5 U/L, 3.2 ± 0.04 g/dl and 1.2 ± 0.03 respectively. The mean value of AST was significantly higher than ALT. The degree of rise of AST and ALP was significantly more in DHF and DSS, as compared to DF; but the frequency of rise was similar in all groups. Mean serum bilirubin, ALT and ALP values were significantly higher in patients with haemorrhage as compared to those without haemorrhage, in patients with secondary dengue infection as compared to primary infection, and in non-survivors. Hepatic dysfunction was very common in all forms of dengue infection, with AST rising significantly more than ALT. Serum bilirubin, ALT and ALP were significantly higher in patients with DSS, haemorrhage, sequential infection and non-survivors. While preferentially high AST may serve as an early indicator of dengue infection, high bilirubin, ALT and ALP may act as poor prognostic markers.
Coincidence of the continuous and discrete p-adic wavelet transforms

AbstractWe show that translations and dilations of a p–adic wavelet coincides (up to themultiplication by some root of one) with a vector from the known basis of discretep–adic wavelets. In this sense the continuous p–adic wavelet transform coincides withthe discrete p–adic wavelet transform.The p–adic multiresolution approximation is introduced and relation with the realmultiresolution approximation is described.Relation of application of p–adic wavelets to spectral theory of p–adic pseudodiﬀer-ential operators and the known results about sparsity of matrices of some real integraloperators in the bases of multiresolution wavelets is discussed. Keywords: continuous p–adic wavelet transform, discrete p–adic wavelet transform,multiresolution analysisAMS 2000 Mathematics Subject Classiﬁcation: 42C40 (Wavelets) 1 Introduction Wavelet analysis (see e.g. [1], [2]) is an important method used in a wide variety of appli-cations from the theory of functions to signal analysis. For the standard wavelet analysis offunctions of a real argument one can consider both the continuous wavelet transform andthe discrete wavelet transform (expansion over wavelet bases). A basis of wavelets in spaces of complex valued functions of a p–adic argument wasintroduced and its relation to the spectral analysis of p–adic pseudodiﬀerential operatorswas investigated in [3]. One can also consider, in analogy with the real case, a continuousp–adic wavelet transform, see [4] for a discussion.In the present paper we show that in the p–adic case, with the proper choice of a wavelet,an arbitrary translation and dilation gives (up to the multiplication by some root of one)some vector from the basis of discrete p–adic wavelets introduced in [3]. In this sense thecontinuous p–adic wavelet transform coincides with the discrete p–adic wavelet transform.This result looks strange from the point of view of real analysis. The observed behavioris a manifestation of the ultrametricity of the p–adic norm. In an ultrametric space it is notpossible to leave a ball making steps smaller than the diameter of this ball. This implies the1
Relaxin-3 Receptor (RXFP3) Signalling Mediates Stress-Related Alcohol Preference in Mice

Stressful life events are causally linked with alcohol use disorders (AUDs), providing support for a hypothesis that alcohol consumption is aimed at stress reduction. We have previously shown that expression of relaxin-3 mRNA in rat brain correlates with alcohol intake and that central antagonism of relaxin-3 receptors (RXFP3) prevents stress-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking. Therefore the objectives of these studies were to investigate the impact of Rxfp3 gene deletion in C57BL/6J mice on baseline and stress-related alcohol consumption. Male wild-type (WT) and Rxfp3 knockout (KO) (C57/B6JRXFP3TM1/DGen) littermate mice were tested for baseline saccharin and alcohol consumption and preference over water in a continuous access two-bottle free-choice paradigm. Another cohort of mice was subjected to repeated restraint followed by swim stress to examine stress-related alcohol preference. Hepatic alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity was assessed in mice following chronic alcohol intake and in naive controls. WT and Rxfp3 KO mice had similar baseline saccharin and alcohol preference, and hepatic alcohol processing. However, Rxfp3 KO mice displayed a stress-induced reduction in alcohol preference that was not observed in WT littermates. Notably, this phenotype, once established, persisted for at least six weeks after cessation of stress exposure. These findings suggest that in mice, relaxin-3/RXFP3 signalling is involved in maintaining high alcohol preference during and after stress, but does not appear to strongly regulate the primary reinforcing effects of alcohol.