Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Barley MLO Modulator of Defense and Cell Death Is Responsive to Biotic and Abiotic Stress Stimuli1

Lack of the barley (Hordeum vulgare) seven-transmembrane domain MLO protein confers resistance against the fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp.hordei (Bgh). To broaden the basis for MLO structure/function studies, we sequenced additionalmlo resistance alleles, two of which confer only partial resistance. Wild-type MLO dampens the cell wall-restricted hydrogen peroxide burst at points of attempted fungal penetration of the epidermal cell wall, and in subtending mesophyll cells, it suppresses a second oxidative burst and cell death. Although theBgh-induced cell death in mlo plants is spatially and temporally separated from resistance, we show that the two processes are linked. Uninoculated mutant mlo plants exhibit spontaneous mesophyll cell death that appears to be part of accelerated leaf senescence. Mlo transcript abundance increases in response to Bgh, rice (Oryza sativa) blast, wounding, paraquat treatment, a wheat powdery mildew-derived carbohydrate elicitor, and during leaf senescence. This suggests a broad involvement of Mlo in cell death protection and in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.
Ethnic styles of speaking in European metropolitan areas

1. Introduction (by Kern, Friederike) 2. The emergence and diffusion of Multicultural English (by Fox, Sue) 3. Kiezdeutsch as a multiethnolect (by Freywald, Ulrike) 4. Prosodic style-shifting in preadolescent peer-group interactions in a working-class suburb of Paris (by Fagyal, Zsuzsanna) 5. Emerging Moroccan and Turkish varieties of Dutch: Ethnolects or ethnic styles? (by Hinskens, Frans L.) 6. Prosody and unit-construction in an ethnic style: The case of Turkish German and its use and function in conversation (by Selting, Margret) 7. Rhythm in Turkish German talk-in-interaction (by Kern, Friederike) 8. Constructions with Turkish sey and its German equivalent dings in Turkish-German conversations: sey and dings in Turkish-German (by Simsek, Yazgul) 9. Joint attention and cooperation in the Swedish of adolescents in multilingual settings: The use of san 'such' and sahar 'like' (by Ekberg, Lena) 10. Linguistic variation and linguistic virtuosity of young "Ghetto"-migrants in Mannheim, Germany (by Keim, Inken) 11. Late modern youth style in interaction (by Madsen, Lian Malai) 12. Developing multiethnic youth language in Helsinki (by Lehtonen, Heini) 13. Index
Domain Control for Neural Machine Translation

Machine translation systems are very sensitive to the domains they were trained on. Several domain adaptation techniques have already been deeply studied. We propose a new technique for neural machine translation (NMT) that we call domain control which is performed at runtime using a unique neural network covering multiple domains. The presented approach shows quality improvements when compared to dedicated domains translating on any of the covered domains and even on out-of-domain data. In addition, model parameters do not need to be re-estimated for each domain, making this effective to real use cases. Evaluation is carried out on English-to-French translation for two different testing scenarios. We first consider the case where an end-user performs translations on a known domain. Secondly, we consider the scenario where the domain is not known and predicted at the sentence level before translating. Results show consistent accuracy improvements for both conditions.
Sex differences in the experience of testing positive for genital chlamydia infection: a qualitative study with implications for public health and for a national screening programme

Objectives: To explore men’s and women’s accounts of chlamydia testing, with a view to understanding sex differences in attitudes and in behaviours of public health importance. Methods: Semistructured interviews with 24 heterosexual patients (12 men; 12 women) diagnosed with genital chlamydia infection, at a large sexual health clinic in central London were transcribed and analysed using qualitative thematic analysis. Results: Participants’ expressions revealed important sex differences. Women felt anxious about their future reproductive health, feared stigmatisation, and blamed themselves for contracting chlamydia; whereas men generally reported less concern, were unwilling to disclose their condition to sexual partners, and some men projected attributions of blame onto their partners. Delays in seeking care appeared to be related to perceptions of chlamydia as a relatively minor infection, particularly in men. Conclusions: Health promotion needs to reflect sex and age differences, emphasising the negative consequences of delayed clinic attendance and exposure to repeat infections. For health professionals to respond appropriately and effectively to increasing numbers of chlamydia infections, there is a need to understand men’s avoidant attitudes and behaviours in relation to sexual and reproductive health.
Meningoencephalopathy following iopamidol myelography.

course suggests she has multiple sclerosis. On her return to the ward she was encouraged to drink and she was observed to do so freely. Three hours later she became withdrawn and complained of nausea for which she was given prochlorperazine 12-5 mg intramuscularly. After a further 30 minutes she became very agitated and aggressive and was given 50 mg of chlorpromazine intramuscularly. Shortly after this she had a generalised convulsion. She
RCS measurements and ISAR images of small UAVs

Currently small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) pose a serious threat for the safety of flights. The Aviation Authorities are dealing with this issue worldwide. Recently (October 2015), the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration gave permission to test antidrone technology that would counter rogue drones flying within a fivemile radius of selected airports [1]. Airport safety is only one of the problems that the increasing number of UAVs can pose. A critical issue is to prevent UAVs being used for terrorist attacks, espionage, or other malicious activities against sites with critical infrastructure. Last but not least, UAVs flying in private area pose privacy concerns [2].
Design and Evaluation of Affective Serious Games for Emotion Regulation Training

Emotions are thought to be a key factor that critically influences human decision-making. Emotion regulation can help to mitigate emotion related decision biases and eventually lead to a better decision performance. Serious games emerged as a new angle introducing technological methods to learning emotion regulation, where meaningful biofeedback information displays player's emotional state. This thesis investigates emotions and the effect of emotion regulation on decision performance. Furthermore, it explores design and evaluation methods for creating serious games where emotion regulation can be learned and practiced. The scope of this thesis was limited to serious games for emotion regulation training using psychophysiological methods to communicate user's affective information. Using the psychophysiological methods, emotions and their underlying neural mechanism have been explored. Through design and evaluation of serious games using those methods, effects of emotion regulation have been investigated where decision performance has been measured and analyzed. The proposed metrics for designing and evaluating such affective serious games have been exhaustively evaluated. The research methods used in this thesis were based on both quantitative and qualitative aspects, with true experiment and evaluation research, respectively. Serious games approach to emotion regulation was investigated. The results suggested that two different emotion regulation strategies, suppression and cognitive reappraisal, are optimal for different decision tasks contexts. With careful design methods, valid serious games for training those different strategies could be produced. Moreover, using psychophysiological methods, underlying emotion neural mechanism could be mapped to provide optimal level of arousal for a certain task. The results suggest that it is possible to design and develop serious game applications that provide helpful learning environment where decision makers could practice emotion regulation and subsequently improve their decision making.
Age‐ and weight‐adjusted warfarin initiation nomogram for ischaemic stroke patients

Specific guidelines for initial dosing of warfarin in ischaemic stroke patients have not been developed. Therefore, we have developed an age‐ and weight‐adjusted warfarin initiation nomogram (AW‐WIN) for ischaemic stroke patients and then evaluated the efficacy and safety of AW‐WIN compared with physician‐determined warfarin dosing (PDWD).
Age-Related Decline in Anticipatory Motor Planning and Its Relation to Cognitive and Motor Skill Proficiency

Anticipatory motor planning abilities mature as children grow older, develop throughout childhood and are likely to be stable till the late sixties. In the seventh decade of life, motor planning performance dramatically declines, with anticipatory motor planning abilities falling to levels of those exhibited by children. At present, the processes enabling successful anticipatory motor planning in general, as do the cognitive processes mediating these age-related changes, remain elusive. Thus, the aim of the present study was (a) to identify cognitive and motor functions that are most affected by normal aging and (b) to elucidate key (cognitive and motor) factors that are critical for successful motor planning performance in young (n = 40, mean age = 23.1 ± 2.6 years) and older adults (n = 37, mean age = 73.5 ± 7.1 years). Results indicate that normal aging is associated with a marked decline in all aspects of cognitive and motor functioning tested. However, age-related declines were more apparent for fine motor dexterity, processing speed and cognitive flexibility. Furthermore, up to 64% of the variance in motor planning performance across age groups could be explained by the cognitive functions processing speed, response planning and cognitive flexibility. It can be postulated that anticipatory motor planning abilities are strongly influenced by cognitive control processes, which seem to be key mechanisms to compensate for age-related decline. These findings support the general therapeutic and preventive value of cognitive-motor training programs to reduce adverse effects associated with high age.
Dormancy and Germination of Abscisic Acid-Deficient Tomato Seeds : Studies with the sitiens Mutant.

The role of abscisic acid (ABA) in the dormancy induction of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) seeds was studied by comparison of the germination behavior of the ABA-deficient sitiens mutant with that of the isogenic wild-type genotype. Freshly harvested mutant seeds, in contrast to wild-type seeds, always readily germinate and even exhibit viviparous germination in overripe fruits. Crosses between mutant and wild-type and self-pollination of heterozygous plants show that in particular the ABA fraction of embryo and endosperm is decisive for the induction of dormancy. After-ripened wild-type seeds fully germinate in water but are more sensitive toward osmotic inhibition than mutant seeds. Germination of both wild-type and mutant seeds is equally sensitive toward inhibition by exogenous ABA. ABA content of mature wild-type seeds is about 10-fold the level found in mutant seeds. Nevertheless, it is argued that the differences in dormancy between the seeds of both genotypes are not a result of actual ABA levels in the mature seeds or fruits but a result of differences in ABA levels during seed development. It is hypothesized that the high levels of ABA that occur during seed development in wild-type seeds induce an inhibition of cell elongation of the radicle that can still be observed after long periods of dry storage.
Astrocytic αVβ3 Integrin Inhibits Neurite Outgrowth and Promotes Retraction of Neuronal Processes by Clustering Thy-1

Thy-1 is a membrane glycoprotein suggested to stabilize or inhibit growth of neuronal processes. However, its precise function has remained obscure, because its endogenous ligand is unknown. We previously showed that Thy-1 binds directly to αVβ3 integrin in trans eliciting responses in astrocytes. Nonetheless, whether αVβ3 integrin might also serve as a Thy-1-ligand triggering a neuronal response has not been explored. Thus, utilizing primary neurons and a neuron-derived cell line CAD, Thy-1-mediated effects of αVβ3 integrin on growth and retraction of neuronal processes were tested. In astrocyte-neuron co-cultures, endogenous αVβ3 integrin restricted neurite outgrowth. Likewise, αVβ3-Fc was sufficient to suppress neurite extension in Thy-1(+), but not in Thy-1(−) CAD cells. In differentiating primary neurons exposed to αVβ3-Fc, fewer and shorter dendrites were detected. This effect was abolished by cleavage of Thy-1 from the neuronal surface using phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC). Moreover, αVβ3-Fc also induced retraction of already extended Thy-1(+)-axon-like neurites in differentiated CAD cells as well as of axonal terminals in differentiated primary neurons. Axonal retraction occurred when redistribution and clustering of Thy-1 molecules in the plasma membrane was induced by αVβ3 integrin. Binding of αVβ3-Fc was detected in Thy-1 clusters during axon retraction of primary neurons. Moreover, αVβ3-Fc-induced Thy-1 clustering correlated in time and space with redistribution and inactivation of Src kinase. Thus, our data indicates that αVβ3 integrin is a ligand for Thy-1 that upon binding not only restricts the growth of neurites, but also induces retraction of already existing processes by inducing Thy-1 clustering. We propose that these events participate in bi-directional astrocyte-neuron communication relevant to axonal repair after neuronal damage.
Tumor‐cell dissociation at the invasion front: A new prognostic parameter in gastric cancer patients

Tumor‐cell dissociation (TCD) is a well‐known feature at the invasion front of malignant tumors, but little attention has so far been paid to its biological significance. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to score the degree of TCD at the invasion front (TCD 0–3) in a retrospective series of 445 gastric cancer patients and to compare its prognostic significance with the parameters T‐stage, tumor size, grade of tumor differentiation, lymph‐node involvement and vascular invasion. We could show that highly significant differences (p < 0.0001, log‐rank test) existed between the 5‐year survival rates of patients with different degrees of TCD (TCD 0:92.3%; TCD 1:62.1 %; TCD 2: 41.2%. TCD 3:38.5%) and that these differences were independent of T‐stage 2, tumor size and grade of tumor differentiation. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that in intestinaltype carcinomas, T‐stage (Chi‐square: 45.2) followed by blood vessel and lymphatic vessel invasion (Chi‐square: 43.6 and 40.0) had the highest prognostic value, whereas TCD (Chi‐square: 31.5) revealed a prognostic value quite similar to that of lymph‐node involvement (Chi‐square: 35.1). This prognostic relevance was still present in multivariate Cox regression analysis, showing that the determination of TCD provided an increase in prognostic information which significantly (p = 0.026) exceeded the information obtained by the combination of T‐stage and lymph‐node involvement. Our data suggest that TCD is a new prognostic parameter, especially in those gastric carcinomas in which lymph‐node involvement or vascular invasion are not present.
Humoral responses to Pneumocystis carinii in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in immunocompromised homosexual men.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease predominantly found in certain epidemiologically defined high-risk groups and is characterized by Kaposi's sarcoma or a deficient cellular immunity leading to severe opportunistic infections or both [1-3]. Among these opportunistic infections, pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis carinii is particularly life threatening [4]. R carinii is an extracellular, obligate, parasitic protozoa. The immune response to P carinii is primarily a cellular response, but IgM and IgG antibodies to P carinii have been reported to yield protection [5, 6]. P carinii is widespread in the general population and can occasionally be found in the lungs of normal individuals. In the United States, antibodies to P carinii have been found in 85% of children at the age of four years [7], and a positive lymphocytetransformation response to P carinii has been found in 14 of 16 adults [8]. Detection of circulating antigen and antibodies to P carinii have not been helpful in the diagnosis of pneumonia caused by P carinii for patients with AIDS [9, 10]. However, despite the severity of infections with P carinii in patients with AIDS, very little is known about the cellular and humoral responses to P carinii in these patients and whether a remaining humoral response can compensate for a deficient cellular response to P carinii. The aim of this study was to investigate the humoral response to P carinii in patients with AIDS by means of assays for IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies to P carinii.
Observations concerning haematological profile and certain biochemical in Sudanese desert goat.

Blood samples were collected from 30 (15 male and female) apparently healthy Sudanese desert goats ranging under the same field conditions from North Kordofan State, Sudan. This study had analyzed the hematological profile of goats and the influence of sex on the hematological and some biochemical values. On the Erythrocyte parameters sex had any influence: The mean of red blood cell (RBCs) {(12.10 ± 0.53) (×106 /μL) } and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (35.69 ± 2.94) in males were higher than females {(12.27 ± 0.74) (×106 /μL), 36.45 ± 2.49)%}, while the hemoglobin (HB), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), were high in males than females. In leukocytary series: Total W.B. Cs, Monocytes (%) and Neutrophils (%) were higher in females, while Lymphocytes (%) and Eosinophils (%) high in males. Neutrophils (%) average was smaller than normal (23.67 ± 1.96) % and mean of Monocytes (%) was higher, which may be interpreted as a potential infection or hermetic aggression. In biochemical: Glucose was elevated in females goats, while total protein and urea higher in male animals. Ever Since the animals are apparently healthy, any value may be regarded as possible infection or metabolic and nutritional disorder.
Evaluation of Left Ventricular Segmental Wall Motion in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy With Myocardial Tagging

BackgroundSegmental wall motion was assessed noninvasively in eight patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and six healthy volunteers by magnetic resonance myocardial tagging. Methods and ResultsLocalization scans were performed for determination of the true short-axis views of the left ventricle (double-angulated view). Spatial modulation of magnetization was used to produce a rectangular grid of landmarks. Distortion of the grid was assessed at end diastole, mid systole, and end systole with multiphase gradient echos. Image sets were acquired at three different planes, namely, the base, the equator, and the apex. Quantitative evaluation was carried out by computer-assisted image analysis. Each individual grid crossing point was identified automatically and the displacement calculated. A polar coordinate system with the center of gravity as motion reference point was chosen to assess fractional rotation and radial displacement at the endocardial, midwall, and epicardial layers of the septal, anterior, posterior, and inferior regions. A wringing motion of the left ventricle with a clockwise rotation of 5.0 ± 2.4° at the base and a counterclockwise rotation of −9.6 ± 2.9° at the apex was observed in control subjects. An equal rotation of 5.0 ± 2.5° at the base and a slightly reduced rotation of −7.3 ± 5.2° at the apex was found in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A transmural gradient in fractional rotation and radial displacement was observed, with the highest values in the endocardial layer. Rotation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was significantly less than in normal volunteers in the posterior region of the equatorial and apical planes. Furthermore, radial displacement was significantly reduced in the septum and inferior wall. In the anterior and posterior wall segments, a reduction of the radial displacement was observed only in the epicardium and midwall layers. ConclusionsMagnetic resonance myocardial tagging allows the noninvasive assessment of regional wall motion. Both in normal volunteers and in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, cardiac motion occurs in a complex mode, with the base and the apex rotating in opposite directions and the equatorial plane as a transitional zone (wringing motion). A reduced cardiac rotation can be observed in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mainly in the posterior region, whereas a reduced radial displacement is found in the inferior septal zone.
Human metapneumovirus infections in hospitalised infants in Spain

Background: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) causes lower respiratory tract infections, particularly in young children and the elderly. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on the clinical characteristics of infants <2 years of age admitted to hospital for respiratory infection and the characteristics of hMPV infections were compared with those of infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Influenza A, B and C viruses, RSV, parainfluenza viruses, and adenoviruses were simultaneously detected in clinical samples by multiple reverse transcription nested-PCR assay. The presence of hMPV was tested in all samples using two separate RT-PCR tests. Results: A respiratory virus was detected in 65.9% of the 749 children included in the study. hMPV, found in 69 of the positive nasopharyngeal aspirates (14%), was the most common virus after RSV. Peak incidence was in March and over 80% of children were <12 months of age. The most common diagnoses were recurrent wheezing (49.3%) and bronchiolitis (46.4%). Oxygen therapy was required by 58% of patients, and assisted ventilation by one. Clinical characteristics in the 18 co-infections were indistinguishable from those of single infections. Fifty one hMPV single infections were compared with 88 hRSV single infections. Recurrent wheezing was diagnosed more frequently in hMPV patients. All other variables tested were similar in both groups. Conclusions: hMPV was the second most frequent virus after RSV in infants <2 years of age hospitalised for respiratory infection and was associated with lower respiratory tract infections. hMPV occurred predominantly in springtime. Co-infections were frequent and clinically similar to single infections and RSV infections.