Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of childhood abuse on the clinical course of bipolar disorder

Background Few investigations have examined the impact of childhood trauma, and domains of childhood abuse, on outcome in bipolar disorder. Aims To evaluate the prevalence and subtypes of childhood abuse reported by adult patients with bipolar disorder and relationshipto clinical outcome. Method Prevalence rates of childhood abuse were retrospectively assessed and examined relative to illness complexity in a sample of 100 patients at an academic specialty centre for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Results Histories of severe childhood abuse were identified in about half of the sample and were associated with early age at illness onset. Abuse subcategories were strongly inter-related. Severe emotional abuse was significantly associated with lifetime substance misuse comorbidity and past-year rapid cycling. Logistic regression indicated a significant association between lifetime suicide attempts and severe childhood sexual abuse. Multiple forms of abuse showed a graded increase in risk for both suicide attempts and rapid cycling. Conclusions Severe childhood trauma appears to have occurred in about half of patients with bipolar disorder, and may lead to more complex psychopathological manifestations.
Thematic Analysis of the Children’s Drawings on Museum Visit: Adaptation of the Kuhn’s Method

Researchers are using techniques that allow children to express their perspectives. In 2003, Kuhn developed the method of data collection and analysis which combined thematic drawing and focused, episodic interview. In this article the Kuhn’s method is adjusted using the draw and write technique as a research methodology. Reflections on the technique are drawn from our experience of using it in study with primary school students aged 8 to 10 years. This was part of a larger study undertaken to investigate the relationship between the way younger school-age students perceive the museum and degree of didactic structuring of museum contents. The students are asked to draw a picture showing their museum visit to Museum of Ancient Glass in Zadar and to write a shot text about it. Free written expression of students and their drawings illustrate children’s abilities to convey their opinions when there is an enabling climate created. Analysis of children’s’ drawings has provided insight into the structure of students' perceptions, its orientation and content. At the same time it provided us with the information about the process of perceiving museum exhibits and museum environment by the students who were involved in the pre-visiting curricular activities and those who were not involved in them, as well as the information on students' perception of social interaction and abstract values that can be seen in the drawings.
Energy detection–based spectrum sensing with constraint region in cognitive LTE systems

Cognitive LTE system, such as LTE‐U, has received tremendous interest from almost all research disciplines in wireless communications. In Cognitive LTE systems, spectrum sensing is the key enabling technology to realize dynamic spectrum access. In this paper, an error decision probability is proposed to solve the trade‐off problem between detection and false alarm probability with the constraint region requirement. The closed‐form expression for the error decision probability, satisfied Signal‐to‐Noise ratio value, number of samples, and primary users' spectrum utilization ratio are derived for in both fixed and adaptive threshold setting algorithms. By implementing both Welch and wavelet‐based energy detectors, the adaptive threshold setting algorithm demonstrates a more reliable and robust sensing result for both primary users and secondary users in comparison with the conventional fixed one. Furthermore, the wavelet denoising method is applied to improve the sensing performance when there are insufficient number of samples.
Being high is better: effects of elevation and habitat on arctic ground squirrel demography

Gillis, E. A. , Hik, D. S. , Boonstra, R. , Karels, T. J. and Krebs, C. J. 2005. Being high is better: effects of elevation and habitat on arctic ground squirrel demography. / Oikos 108: 231! /240. We investigated the effect of local environment on the demography and population dynamics of arctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus parryii plesius) by comparing reproduction, survival, and population trends of squirrels living in low elevation boreal forest and high elevation alpine tundra sites in southwestern Yukon Territory, Canada. Contrary to the trend for most birds and mammals, reproduction was significantly lower at the lower elevation and females living at higher elevation did not delay the age at which they first reproduced. Even though survival in the boreal forest was lower in summer than in the alpine, it was higher over winter so annual adult female survival was similar between sites. Sensitivity analysis of model parameters revealed that in the forest, population growth rate (l) was most sensitive to small changes in adult active season survival whereas for the alpine population, l was most sensitive to changes in juvenile winter survival. In their respective habitats, these parameters also showed high year to year variation and thus contributed greatly to the population trends observed. Even though ground squirrels persisted in the boreal forest, the measured demographic rates indicate the forest was sink habitat (lB/1) and may have relied on nearby grassy meadows for immigrants. In contrast, the alpine habitat maintained a ground squirrel population in the absence of immigration (l" /1). The variation in demographic rates between ground squirrels living at high and low elevation may arise from phenotypic responses of squirrels to different habitat structure. Arctic ground squirrels rely on sight to detect predators from a safe distance, and the boreal forest, with its lower visibility and higher predator density, appears to be suboptimal habitat.
Second- and Third- Order Nonlinear Optical Materials

R—1501 Electro-Optic Materials † Optical Rectification Including Terahertz Radiation and Detection 7.3 Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Materials. 7-15 7.4 Summary . 7-16 Acknowledgments. 7-16 References. 7-119
Novel acsF Gene Primers Revealed a Diverse Phototrophic Bacterial Population, Including Gemmatimonadetes, in Lake Taihu (China)

ABSTRACT Anoxygenic phototrophs represent an environmentally important and phylogenetically diverse group of organisms. They harvest light using bacteriochlorophyll-containing reaction centers. Recently, a novel phototrophic bacterium, Gemmatimonas phototrophica, belonging to a rarely studied phylum, Gemmatimonadetes, was isolated from a freshwater lake in the Gobi Desert. To obtain more information about the environmental distribution of phototrophic Gemmatimonadetes, we collected microbial samples from the water column, upper sediment, and deeper anoxic sediment of Lake Taihu, China. MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA, pufM, and bchY genes was carried out to assess the diversity of local phototrophic communities. In addition, we designed new degenerate primers of aerobic cyclase gene acsF, which serves as a convenient marker for both phototrophic Gemmatimonadetes and phototrophic Proteobacteria. Our results showed that most of the phototrophic species in Lake Taihu belong to Alpha- and Betaproteobacteria. Sequences of green sulfur and green nonsulfur bacteria (phototrophic Chlorobi and Chloroflexi, respectively) were found in the sediment. Using the newly designed primers, we identified a diverse community of phototrophic Gemmatimonadetes forming 30 operational taxonomic units. These species represented 10.5 and 17.3% of the acsF reads in the upper semiaerobic sediment and anoxic sediment, whereas their abundance in the water column was <1%. IMPORTANCE Photosynthesis is one of the most fundamental biological processes on Earth. Recently, the presence of photosynthetic reaction centers has been reported from a rarely studied bacterial phylum, Gemmatimonadetes, but almost nothing is known about the diversity and environmental distribution of these organisms. The newly designed acsF primers were used to identify phototrophic Gemmatimonadetes from planktonic and sediment samples collected in Lake Taihu, China. The Gemmatimonadetes sequences were found mostly in the upper sediments, documenting the preference of Gemmatimonadetes for semiaerobic conditions. Our results also show that the phototrophic Gemmatimonadetes present in Lake Taihu were relatively diverse, encompassing 30 operational taxonomic units.
Systematic Resource Characterization Through Veneering and Nondestructive Testing

In this study, a systematic approach was established for resource characterization via veneering and nondestructive testing. A recent study with short-rotation western hemlock ( Tsuga heterophylla [Raf.] Sarg) and amabilis fir ( Abies amabilis [Dougl.] Forbes) in British Columbia, Canada, was showcased to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. By proper tree sampling, veneer processing, and nondestructive testing on a sheet basis, the proposed approach helps rapidly address several critical issues on resource characterization and utilization, such as 1) the impact of stand characteristics on wood properties including density and modulus of elasticity (MOE) or attributes such as wood moisture content and color; 2) the within-tree and between-tree variations of these wood properties or attributes; 3) the spatial distribution of log defects, such as knots and decay; 4) the effect of tree growth rate, stem position, juvenile and mature wood, sapwood, and heartwood on key veneer properties such as thickness, surface roughness, density and MOE; and 5) veneer yield, visual grade, stress grade, and high-value product potentials. To maximize the value return from the available resource, this approach involves an assessment for product options with predicted grade outturns.
Long-term tropospheric formaldehyde concentrations deduced from ground-based fourier transform solar infrared measurements

We report a 13-year (1992-2005) dataset of to- tal column measurements of formaldehyde (HCHO) over Lauder, New Zealand, inferred from solar infrared spectra measured using a high-resolution Fourier Transform Spec- trometer (FTS). Ambient HCHO concentrations at this rural location are often close to levels typical of remote marine environments (<250 ppt), which are close to the detection limit using standard techniques. Consequently we develop a new method that successfully produces HCHO columns with sufficient sensitivity throughout the whole season. HCHO columns over Lauder have a strong seasonal cycle (±50%), with a mean column of 4.9◊10 15 molecules cm 2 , peaking during summer months. A simple box model of CH4 oxi- dation reproduces the observed broad-scale seasonal cycle, but significantly underestimates the seasonal peak HCHO ground concentrations during summer. This suggests the ex- istence of an additional significant source of HCHO, possibly isoprene that cannot be explained by oxidation of CH4 alone. The ground-based FTS column data compare well with collo- cated HCHO column measurements from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) satellite instrument during the operational period of GOME (1996-2001,r 2 =0.65, mean bias=10%, n=48).
Geospatial Techniques for the Assessment and Analysis of Flood Risk along the Niger-Benue Basin in Nigeria

River flooding has become a widely distributed and devastating natural disaster that has caused significant damages both economically and socially. Recently, it displaced millions of people in Nigeria and submerged several square kilometres of landed area in general and farmlands in particular. Although, the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) predicted the occurrence of the flood disaster and advised the relocation of residence from the floodplain to the high ground, but spatial information pertaining to the areal extent vulnerable to the hazard was not made available. This study attempted to assess the spatial impact of the October 2012 flooding of the Niger-Benue basin on the surrounding areas using the moderate resolution imaging Spectroradiometre (MODIS) data of NASA Terra satellite and developed a geospatial methodology for detecting and extracting the flood risk areas and the vulnerable population to flooding within the basin. The integration of remotely sensed data and other spatial and non-spatial data within the GIS platform was able to produce series of thematic maps which was used to generate a geospatial database for flood risk analysis and assessment. The result of the analysis effectively demonstrated the contribution of geospatial methods in mitigating and monitoring the effect of flooding along the Niger-Benue basin. It was therefore, suggested that government agencies and policy makers should adopt this powerful technique for reliable and well synthesized information which is a vital component of flood risk assessment and planning.
Stress field variations in the Swiss Alps and the northern Alpine foreland derived from inversion of fault plane solutions

[1] This study is devoted to a systematic analysis of the state of stress of the central European Alps and northern Alpine foreland in Switzerland based on focal mechanisms of 138 earthquakes with magnitudes between 1 and 5. The most robust feature of the results is that the azimuth of the minimum compressive stress, S3, is generally well constrained for all data subsets and always lies in the NE quadrant. However, within this quadrant, the orientation of S3 changes systematically both along the structural strike of the Alpine chain and across it. The variation in stress along the mountain belt from NE to SW involves a progressive, counterclockwise rotation of S3 and is most clear in the foreland, where it amounts to 45°–50°. This pattern of rotation is compatible with the disturbance to the stress field expected from the indentation of the Adriatic Block into the central European Plate, possibly together with buoyancy forces arising from the strongly arcuate structure of the Moho to the immediate west of our study area. Across the Alps, the variation in azimuth of S3 is defined by a progressive, counterclockwise rotation of about 45° from the foreland in the north across the Helvetic domain to the Penninic nappes in the south and is accompanied by a change from a slight predominance of strike-slip mechanisms in the foreland to a strong predominance of normal faulting in the high parts of the Alps. The observed rotation can be explained by the perturbation of the large-scale regional stress by a local uniaxial deviatoric tension with a magnitude similar to that of the regional differential stress and with an orientation perpendicular to the strike of the Alpine belt. The tensile nature and orientation of this stress is consistent with the “spreading” stress expected from lateral density changes due to a crustal root beneath the Alps.
Branchwidth of graphic matroids

Answering a question of Geelen, Gerards, Robertson and Whittle, we prove that the branchwidth of a bridgeless graph is equal to the branchwidth of its cycle matroid. Our proof is based on branch-decompositions of hypergraphs. By matroid duality, a direct corollary of this result is that the branchwidth of a bridgeless planar graph is equal to the branchwidth of its planar dual. This consequence was a direct corollary of a result by Seymour and Thomas.
The Meta Distribution of the SIR for Cellular Networks With Power Control

The meta distribution of the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) provides fine-grained information about the performance of individual links in a wireless network. This paper focuses on the analysis of the meta distribution of the SIR for both the cellular network uplink and downlink with fractional power control. For the uplink scenario, an approximation of the interfering user point process with a non-homogeneous Poisson point process is used. The moments of the meta distribution for both scenarios are calculated. Some bounds, the analytical expression, the mean local delay, and the beta approximation of the meta distribution are provided. The results give interesting insights into the effect of the power control in both the uplink and downlink. Detailed simulations show that the approximations made in the analysis are well justified.
Determining when impairment constitutes incapacity for informed consent in schizophrenia research.

BACKGROUND Although people with schizophrenia display impaired abilities for consent, it is not known how much impairment constitutes incapacity. AIMS To assess a method for determining the categorical capacity status of potential participants in schizophrenia research. METHOD Expert-judgement validation of capacity thresholds on the sub-scales of the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool-Clinical Research (MacCAT-CR) was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis in 91 people with severe mental illness and 40 controls. RESULTS The ROC areas under the curve for the understanding, appreciation and reasoning sub-scales of the MacCAT-CR were 0.94 (95% CI 0.88-0.99), 0.85 (95% CI 0.76-0.94) and 0.80 (95% CI 0.70-0.90). These findings yielded negative and positive predictive values of incapacity that can guide the practice of investigators and research ethics committees. CONCLUSIONS By performing such validation studies for a few categories of research with varying risks and benefits, it might be possible to create evidence-based capacity determination guidelines for most schizophrenia research.
Genetically engineered crops, glyphosate and the deterioration of health in the United States of America

A huge increase in the incidence and prevalence of chronic diseases has been reported in the United States (US) over the last 20 years. Similar increases have been seen globally. The herbicide glyphosate was introduced in 1974 and its use is accelerating with the advent of herbicide-tolerant genetically engineered (GE) crops. Evidence is mounting that glyphosate interferes with many metabolic processes in plants and animals and glyphosate residues have been detected in both. Glyphosate disrupts the endocrine system and the balance of gut bacteria, it damages DNA and is a driver of mutations that lead to cancer. In the present study, US government databases were searched for GE crop data, glyphosate application data and disease epidemiological data. Correlation analyses were then performed on a total of 22 diseases in these time-series data sets. The Pearson correlation coefficients are highly significant (< 10 -5 ) between glyphosate applications and hypertension (R = 0.923), stroke (R = 0.925), diabetes prevalence (R = 0.971), diabetes incidence (R = 0.935), obesity (R = 0.962), lipoprotein metabolism disorder (R = 0.973), Alzheimer’s (R = 0.917), senile dementia (R = 0.994), Parkinson's (R = 0.875), multiple sclerosis (R = 0.828), autism (R = 0.989), inflammatory bowel disease (R = 0.938), intestinal infections (R = 0.974), end stage renal disease (R = 0.975), acute kidney failure (R = 0.978), cancers of the thyroid (R = 0.988), liver (R = 0.960), bladder (R = 0.981), pancreas (R = 0.918), kidney (R = 0.973) and myeloid leukaemia (R = 0.878). The Pearson correlation coefficients are highly significant (< 10 -4 ) between the percentage of GE corn and soy planted in the US and hypertension (R = 0.961), stroke (R = 0.983), diabetes prevalence (R = 0.983), diabetes incidence (R = 0.955), obesity (R = 0.962), lipoprotein metabolism disorder (R = 0.955), Alzheimer’s (R = 0.937), Parkinson's (R = 0.952), multiple sclerosis (R = 0.876), hepatitis C (R = 0.946), end stage renal disease (R = 0.958), acute kidney failure (R = 0.967), cancers of the thyroid (R = 0.938), liver (R = 0.911), bladder (R = 0.945), pancreas (R = 0.841), kidney (R = 0.940) and myeloid leukaemia (R = 0.889). The significance and strength of the correlations show that the effects of glyphosate and GE crops on human health should be further investigated.
Heritability of objectively assessed daily physical activity and sedentary behavior1234

Background: Twin and family studies that estimated the heritability of daily physical activity have been limited by poor measurement quality and a small sample size. Objective: We examined the heritability of daily physical activity and sedentary behavior assessed objectively by using combined heart rate and movement sensing in a large twin study. Design: Physical activity traits were assessed in daily life for a mean (±SD) 6.7 ± 1.1 d in 1654 twins from 420 monozygotic and 352 dizygotic same-sex twin pairs aged 56.3 ± 10.4 y with body mass index (in kg/m2) of 26.1 ± 4.8. We estimated the average daily movement, physical activity energy expenditure, and time spent in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity and sedentary behavior from heart rate and acceleration data. We used structural equation modeling to examine the contribution of additive genetic, shared environmental, and unique environmental factors to between-individual variation in traits. Results: Additive genetic factors (ie, heritability) explained 47% of the variance in physical activity energy expenditure (95% CI: 23%, 53%) and time spent in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (95% CI: 29%, 54%), 35% of the variance in acceleration of the trunk (95% CI: 0%, 44%), and 31% of the variance in the time spent in sedentary behavior (95% CI: 9%, 51%). The remaining variance was predominantly explained by unique environmental factors and random error, whereas shared environmental factors played only a marginal role for all traits with a range of 0–15%. Conclusions: The between-individual variation in daily physical activity and sedentary behavior is mainly a result of environmental influences. Nevertheless, genetic factors explain up to one-half of the variance, suggesting that innate biological processes may be driving some of our daily physical activity.
Educating Secondary School Students about Organ and Tissue Donation Legislation: A Pilot Study

Introduction: This pilot study assessed the effect of structured classroom education on the knowledge of and attitudes toward organ and tissue donation among students in a Singapore secondary school. Methods: A total of 79 secondary school students were randomly assigned to a control group or an intervention group. The intervention group was given a 30-minute lesson with an accompanying brochure about the benefits of organ and tissue donation and the governing legislations. Baseline and post-intervention survey were administered to both groups of participants to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. McNemar’s test and Pearson’s chi-square test were used to measure the difference of knowledge and willingness to donate levels before and after intervention. Results: The education intervention increased the knowledge of the students about both legislation Acts. In the intervention group, more than 50% students answered correctly all criteria of the Human Organ Transplant Act (HOTA) and the Medical (Therapy, Education and Research) Act (MTERA) eligibility after the lesson (p<0.001.) However, it did not lead to a significant increase in the percentage of students who reported to be willing to donate under HOTA or pledge in MTERA. Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrated that a single classroom exposure had the potential to increase knowledge levels of organ and tissue donation among secondary school students. However, increase in knowledge was not accompanied by a change in willingness to donate among study participants.