Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emergent Metacognition: A Study of Preschoolers' Literate Behavior

Abstract This study examined young children's self-management (i.e., executive control) during the construction of meaning. Its task, expectations, and operationalized definition of emergent literacy-related metacognition were based on Vygotsky's (1962, 1978) cognitive and developmental theory, which links speaking to thinking through the regulatory function of language and internalization of others' speech. Participants were 44 preschoolers from a midwestern city in the United States. Each child was asked to engage in a literacy task of constructing an “autonomous” text for others to read. These autonomous texts were analyzed for their holistic quality, using Hasan's (1984) discourse model of cohesive harmony. The metacognitive utterances surrounding the texts were identified and quantified (Cox, 1994). Statistical analysis revealed that 1) these preschoolers were already developing emergent metacognition, 2) there was a significant emergent reading level effect on both metacognition and textual quality,.
Childhood Cancer and the Interplay between Illness, Self-evaluation and Academic Experiences

This paper addresses a study whose objective was to broaden our knowledge about how cancer and treatment affect the academic development of pupils at school and their academic self - concept and self - esteem. Eight school children (whose treatment for various cancer diagnoses had been completed), their parents, teachers and health personnel answered retrospective, semi - structured interviews. The interviews were recorded on tape and later transcribed verbatim, categorised and analysed using NUD*IST qualitative data analysis software. The results demonstrated that pupils with cancer have a clear desire to value their own academic ability, that they strive to master academic requirements in spite of the illness - related restrictions, that school proved to be an important self - concept area for the cancer - ridden children and that their self - esteem is greatly influenced by their evaluation of own academic status.
Work engagement among hotel managers in Beijing, China: potential antecedents and consequences.

Purpose – This paper aims to examine potential antecedents and consequences of work engagement in a sample of male and female hotel managers employed in Beijing, China.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 309 respondents, a 90 percent response rate, using anonymously completed questionnaires. Engagement was assessed by three scales developed by Schaufeli, Salanova, Gonzalez‐Roma, and Bakker: vigor, dedication and absorption. Antecedents included personal demographic and work situation characteristics; consequences included measures of work satisfaction and psychological wellbeing.Findings – The following results were observed. First, organizational level and organizational tenure were found to predict all three engagement measures but in opposite ways. Second, engagement, particularly dedication, predicted various work outcomes (e.g. job satisfaction, intent to quit). Third, engagement, particularly dedication, positively predicted various psychological wellbeing outcomes but less strong.
Embodied economics: how bodily information shapes the social coordination dynamics of decision-making

To date, experiments in economics are restricted to situations in which individuals are not influenced by the physical presence of other people. In such contexts, interactions remain at an abstract level, agents guessing what another person is thinking or is about to decide based on money exchange. Physical presence and bodily signals are therefore left out of the picture. However, in real life, social interactions (involving economic decisions or not) are not solely determined by a person's inference about someone else's state-of-mind. In this essay, we argue for embodied economics: an approach to neuroeconomics that takes into account how information provided by the entire body and its coordination dynamics influences the way we make economic decisions. Considering the role of embodiment in economics—movements, posture, sensitivity to mimicry and every kind of information the body conveys—makes sense. This is what we claim in this essay which, to some extent, constitutes a plea to consider bodily interactions between agents in social (neuro)economics.
Seasonal copepod lipid pump promotes carbon sequestration in the deep North Atlantic

Significance Every autumn across the North Atlantic, large numbers of zooplankton copepods migrate from the surface waters into the ocean's interior to hibernate at depths of 600–1,400 m. Through this migration, they actively transport lipid carbon to below the permanent thermocline, where it is metabolized at a rate comparable to the carbon delivered by sinking detritus. This “lipid pump” has not been included in previous estimates of the deep-ocean carbon sequestration, which are based on either measurements of sinking fluxes of detritus, or estimates of new primary production. Unlike other components of the biological pump, the lipid pump does not strip the surface ocean of nutrients, and decouples carbon sequestration from nutrient replenishment, a process we term the “lipid shunt. ” Estimates of carbon flux to the deep oceans are essential for our understanding of global carbon budgets. Sinking of detrital material (“biological pump”) is usually thought to be the main biological component of this flux. Here, we identify an additional biological mechanism, the seasonal “lipid pump,” which is highly efficient at sequestering carbon into the deep ocean. It involves the vertical transport and metabolism of carbon rich lipids by overwintering zooplankton. We show that one species, the copepod Calanus finmarchicus overwintering in the North Atlantic, sequesters an amount of carbon equivalent to the sinking flux of detrital material. The efficiency of the lipid pump derives from a near-complete decoupling between nutrient and carbon cycling—a “lipid shunt,” and its direct transport of carbon through the mesopelagic zone to below the permanent thermocline with very little attenuation. Inclusion of the lipid pump almost doubles the previous estimates of deep-ocean carbon sequestration by biological processes in the North Atlantic.
Characterization of the Src/Abl Hybrid Kinase SmTK6 of Schistosoma mansoni*

Background: SmTK6 was identified as interaction partner of SmTK4. Results: SmTK6 is a Src/Abl hybrid kinase and interacts also with the uncommon SmVKR1 and SmTK3. Conclusion: SmTK6 is suggested to be part of a complex of receptors, Syk and Src kinases, which are involved in gonad development. Significance: SmTK6 represents an Abl kinase progenitor, for which a function in reproduction could be assigned. Cellular protein-tyrosine kinases play key roles in signal transduction processes in eukaryotes. SmTK4 was the first Syk kinase identified in a parasite and found to be tissue-specifically transcribed in the gonads of adult Schistosoma mansoni. Functional analyses confirmed its role in oogenesis and spermatogenesis. As an SmTK4 upstream binding partner, the cellular protein-tyrosine kinase SmTK6 was isolated from a yeast two-hybrid library. Phylogenetic analyses performed in this study confirmed the first suggestions of a hybrid character of SmTK6. Biochemical studies made in Xenopus oocytes using inhibitors against Src (herbimycin A) and Abl (imatinib) kinases exhibited a biochemical inhibition profile of SmTK6, which was intermediate of Src and Abl kinases. As SmTK6 upstream interaction partners, we identified among others the known Src kinase SmTK3 and the Venus kinase receptor SmVKR1 of S. mansoni by yeast two-hybrid analyses, all of which co-localized in the gonads. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed interactions between SmTK6 and SmTK3 or SmVKR1. In Xenopus oocytes, it was finally shown that SmVKR1 but also SmTK3 were able to activate SmTK6 enzymatic activity indicating its functions in a receptor tyrosine kinase signal transduction cascade. These results not only demonstrate an intermediate but Src-biased profile of the unusual kinase SmTK6. They also strongly substantiate previous indications for a kinase complex, consisting of a receptor tyrosine kinase, Syk and Src kinases, which has been hypothesized to be involved in proliferation and differentiation processes in the gonads of schistosomes.
Proteus mirabilis ambient-temperature fimbriae: cloning and nucleotide sequence of the aft gene cluster

Uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis produces at least four types of fimbriae. Amino acid sequences from two peptides, derived by tryptic digestion of the structural subunit of one type of these fimbriae, the ambient-temperature fimbriae, were determined: NVVPGQPSSTQ and LIEGENQLNYNA. PCR primers, based on these sequences and that of the N terminus, were used to amplify a 359-bp fragment. A cosmid clone, isolated from a P. mirabilis genomic library by hybridization with the 359-bp PCR product, was used to determine the nucleotide sequence of the atf gene cluster. A 3,903-bp region encodes three polypeptides: AtfA, the structural subunit; AtfB, the chaperone; and AtfC, the outer membrane molecular usher. No fimbria-related genes are evident either 5' or 3' to the three contiguous genes. AtfA demonstrates significant amino acid sequence identity with type 1 major fimbrial subunits of several enteric species. The 359-bp PCR product hybridized strongly with all Proteus isolates (n = 9) and 25% of 355 Escherichia coli isolates but failed to hybridize with any of 26 isolates among nine other uropathogenic species. Ambient-temperature fimbriae of P. mirabilis may represent a novel type of fimbriae of enteric species.
Interpersonal versus social‐values conflict

Abstract This study empirically examines the theoretical distinction between interpersonal conflict and conflict in social values. Data for this investigation were obtained from surveys of visitors to Mt. Evans, Colorado. Interpersonal conflicts between hunters and nonhunters on Mt. Evans appear to have been minimized due to the mountain's natural visual barriers and the managing agency's regulations that prohibit hunting near the road where most nonhunters are found. To the extent that conflict exists with hunting associated events on Mt. Evans, much of the problem stems from differences in social values held by the hunting and nonhunting publics. Hunters and more frequent visitors experienced more interpersonal conflicts than nonhunters and less frequent visitors for nonhunting human‐wildlife interaction events. Analyses examining the interaction between type of visitor (hunters versus nonhunters) and number of prior visits (first visit, two to four visits, and five or more visits) suggested that confli.
Linking theoretical models to actual practices: A survey of teachers in gifted education

A regional survey of teachers of gifted and talented (G/T) programs, grades kindergarten through nine, in a southeastern state, was carried out. The principle foci of the survey were on theoretical models identified and used by teachers, and the importance of perceived outcome goals for children who are gifted. Respondents claimed awareness of several models of intervention but varied widely in the use of these models. Implications of the disparity between awareness and use of models are discussed. Outcome goals ranked by respondents varied in order, based on three grade level groupings of the teachers, most likely indicating changing perceptions of developmental needs as children progress through grade levels.
Family Process as Mediator of Biology X Environment Interaction

SUMMARY The present study used Baron and Kenny's (1986) mediated moderation model to explore a potential mediator-parenting behaviors-of an interaction between biological risk and adoptive parent psychopathology which has been shown to significantly predict adolescent problem behaviors in a sample of adult adoptees (Mage = 25; n = 133). The outcomes of interest were retrospective reports on adoptee adolescent nonaggressive conduct disordered behaviors and aggressive/oppositional behaviors. Predictors were biological risk in the birth parents of the adoptees, psychopathology in the adoptive parents, and retrospectively reported parenting behaviors of the adoptive parents. The mediated moderation model was not supported due to the nonsignificance of the biological risk X adoptive parent psychopathology interaction term. However, support for an independence model was supported in that biological risk interacted with maternal warmth and overprotection to predict adolescent adoptee behavior. Greater maternal warmth decreased problem behaviors among adoptees with a biological risk for psychopathology; whereas greater maternal overprotection increased adolescent problem behaviors among adoptees with biological risk. Fathers' parenting behaviors did not interact with biological risk to predict adolescent adoptee behavior. Finally, the findings were consistent across type of behavior suggesting a homogenous effect.
The Lenses of Gender: Transforming the Debate on Sexual Inequality

Part 1 Introduction and overview. Part 2 Biological essentialism: the Biological Politics of the Late-l9th and Early 20th Centuries The Modern Period I - Just-So Stories of Socio-Biology The Modern Period II - Prenatal Hormone Theory An Alternative Hypothesis - The Body in Context But Are There Really No Biological Differences Beyond the Body? Part 3 Andocentrism: Judaeo-Christian Theology Ancient Greek Philosophy Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory American Equal-Rights Law. Part 4 Gender Polarization: The Nineteenth Century: Sexual Inversion The Twentieth Century I - Homosexuality The Twentieth Century II - Masculinity/Femininity Beyond Science: The Feminist Celebration of Female Differences. Part 5 The Construction of Individual Gender Identity: Previous Theoretical Perspectives The Process of Enculturation The Process of Self-Construction Resisting the Culture's Lenses - The Making of a Gender Nonconformist. Part 6 Transforming the Debate on Sexual Inequality: The Conundrum of Difference Toward True Gender Neutrality - Eradicating Androcentrism Toward Utopia - Eradicating Gender Polarization.
The natural course of upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors: an endoscopic ultrasound survey.

BACKGROUND Differentiating between benign and malignant submucosal tumors is difficult. Moreover, the natural course of benign-appearing SMTs is not clearly elucidated. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the natural course of upper gastrointestinal SMTs by endoscopic endosonography. METHODS We followed 25 consecutive patients with small (< 40 mm) SMTs for a mean period of 19 months. Evaluation included maximal tumor diameter, internal echo pattern, and outer margin of lesions. RESULTS Follow-up revealed no change in echo features in 24 of 25 patients (96%). In only one patient a homogenous hypoechoic smooth margin lesion converted to a non-homogenous tumor with an irregular outer margin. This lesion also increased in size from 30 to 38 mm. On surgical removal this tumor was found to be a stromal tumor with high malignant potential. CONCLUSIONS Most small SMTs do not change during a period of 19 months and a conservative policy of surveillance is warranted.
Cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion in cultured Drosophila imaginal disc cells

SummaryDrosophila imaginal disc cell lines were used to investigate various aspects of cellular adhesion in vitro. The distribution of PS integrins and their involvement in cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion were assessed with the monoclonal antibody aBG-1 against the βPS subunit, and both forms of adhesion were found to be impeded by the presence of the antibody. Adhesion to a number of extracellular matrix components was investigated, and the cells were found to adhere to human fibronectin. This adhesion was inhibited by aBG-1. The adhesion molecule fasciclin III was also found in these cells. Given that the cells are competent to perform cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion, it was thought that apical basal polarity might be restored when other suitable conditions were provided, i.e., an artificial basement layer with feeder cells to provide nutrients basally to the cells, and some features of apical-basal morphology were seen in cells cultured under these conditions.
Tick modulation of the in-vitro expression of adhesion molecules by skin-derived endothelial cells

Abstract As a tick feeds, its saliva induces innate and acquired immune responses in the host, including leucocyte infiltration into the bite site. Tick salivary glands produce molecules, however, that counteract many host defences against blood feeding. The effects of salivary-gland extracts (SGE) of Dermacentor andersoni and Ixodes scapularis on the expression of various adhesion molecules [E-selectin, P-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1)] by the sEND.1 cell line (which is based on cells from the subcutaneous tissue of mice) have now been investigated in vitro. The effects were found to differ with the tick species. The SGE of D. andersoni significantly down-regulated the expression of ICAM-1, whereas a similar extract prepared from I. scapularis significantly reduced the expression of P-selectin and VCAM-1. Tick salivary proteins therefore appear to have direct effects on adhesion-molecule expression, in addition to their previously established roles in down-regulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines that activate endothelial cells. It remains unclear exactly how the reduction of adhesion-molecule expression in the host's endothelial cells benefits the feeding tick but it may alter leucocyte migration to the bite site and/or reduce antigen presentation by the endothelial cells. It may also modulate the interactions between the host's leucocytes and any tick-borne pathogens, during initial infection of the endothelium.
Identification of the bcl-2 family of genes in the rat retina.

PURPOSE Retinal ganglion cells die by apoptosis after axotomy, and this process may reflect altered expression of cell-death genes. Several of these genes, including bcl-2, bcl-x, and bax, share homology at the amino acid level in the BH1 and BH2 domains, through which they also interact. To understand their role in the neuronal response to axotomy, the authors studied their expression in the adult rat retina and after optic nerve crush. METHODS An initial survey was conducted with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), using oligonucleotides against identified members of this family and against the conserved BH1 and BH2 domains. Retinal bcl-xl expression at the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein level was studied by RT-PCR, Northern blotting, RNase protection analysis, in situ hybridization, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. The effect of retinal ganglion cell axotomy on the steady-state level of bcl-x mRNA was investigated. RESULTS RT-PCR results indicated that rat retinal cells predominantly express the long form of bcl-x. Both clonal analysis and quantitative measurements using RNase protection assays demonstrated that bcl-xL message was at least 16 times more abundant than that of bcl-2. In situ hybridization and indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated that nearly all neuronal cells of the retina express bcl-x. Northern and RNase protection analyses showed a moderate decrease in bcl-xL message shortly after optic nerve crush. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the antideath gene bcl-xL is the predominant member of the bcl-2 family in the adult retina, and that its level decreases after optic nerve crush. Changes in bcl-xL expression may correlate with increased retinal ganglion cell apoptosis after axotomy.
ROLE OF BACTERIA IN THE TOOTH ABSCESS: A MINI REVIEW

A tooth abscess or root abscess is pus enclosed in the tissues of the jaw bone at the apex of an infected tooth's root(s). Usually the abscess originates from a bacterial infection that has accumulated in the soft, often dead, pulp of the tooth. This can be caused by untreated tooth decay, cracked teeth or extensive periodontal disease. A failed root canal treatment may also create a similar abscess. Recently developed molecular methods have made it possible to characterise mixed micro flora in their entirety, including the substantial numbers of uncultivable bacteria. This paper will review the current literature regarding the molecular techniques used to identify uncultivable bacteria from dental abscess.
Properties of subvisible cirrus clouds formed by homogeneous freezing

Abstract. Number concentrations and mean sizes of ice crystals and derived microphysical and optical properties of subvisible cirrus clouds (SVCs) formed by homogeneous freezing of supercooled aerosols are investigated as a function of temperature and updraft speed of adiabatically ascending air parcels. The properties of such clouds are insensitive to variations of the aerosol number and size distribution. Based on criteria constraining the optical extinction, sedimentation time, and existence time of SVCs, longer-lived (>10min) clouds, capable of exerting a measurable radiative or chemical impact, are generated within a narrow range of updraft speeds below 1-2cm s-1 at temperatures below about 215K, with concentrations of ice crystals not exceeding 0.1cm-3. The clouds do not reach an equilibrium state because the ice crystals sediment out of the formation layer typically before the supersaturation is removed. Two important conclusions emerge from this work. First, the above characteristics of SVCs may provide an explanation for why SVCs are more common in the cold tropical than in the warmer midlatitude tropopause region. Second, it seems likely that a limited number (
HF radar observations of small‐scale surface current variability in the Straits of Florida

[1] A dual-station high-frequency Wellen radar (WERA), transmitting at 16.045 MHz, was deployed along the eastern Florida Shelf and operated and maintained by the University of Miami's Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science. From September 2004 to June 2005, a moored acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) acquired subsurface current measurements within the radar footprint along the shelf break at 86-m depth. The shallowest ADCP bin located at 14-m depth was used as a comparison for the WERA surface measurements. RMS differences ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 m s -1 between the surface and 14-m depth, with good agreement over most of the period. Regression analyses indicated slopes near unity in the north-south (v) component and ≈0.5 for the east-west (u) component velocities. When utilized in tandem with the ADCP subsurface measurements, WERA enables three-dimensional snapshots of coastal oceanographic features to be resolved. For example, from December 2004 through February 2005, three energetic circulation patterns were observed: (1) a subsurface stratified countercurrent, (2) a submesoscale coherent vortex, and (3) a mesoscale circulation feature, i.e., a propagating Tortugas gyre. These features represent the significant current variability along the western flank of the Florida Current that impacts the coastal ocean.
Defining the Alpha Female: A Female Leadership Measure

The change in women’s social roles has led to the development of the concept of the alpha female, but currently there is no way to measure the construct. The present study discusses the development of a 14-item measure of an alpha female personality that is consistent with current definitions and examines the measure with respect to similar constructs (e.g., self-esteem, emotional intelligence, leadership, and sex-role). The three scales of the Alpha Female Inventory (leadership, strength, and low introversion) were positively related to self-esteem, emotional intelligence, the Student Leadership Profile Inventory, and masculine traits as measured by Bem’s Sex-Role Inventory. The Alpha Female Inventory can be used to identify women who embody alpha leadership qualities and to aid in our overall understanding of women as leaders.