Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of the Sudbury igneous complex southern metamorphic aureole and controls on anatexis

The South Range metamorphic aureole around the 1.85 Ga Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC) is spatiotemporally connected to the world-class ore deposits of the Sudbury mining camp. Defining the physiochemical expression and understanding the evolution of the metamorphic aureole are therefore of economic interest to mineral exploration efforts. The importance of studying the SIC metamorphic aureole is highlighted by new insights into low-P/high-T (LP-HT) metamorphism of basalts including, LP-HT mineral assemblages, partial melting, melt mobilization, phase equilibria modelling of metabasalts at relatively LP-HT conditions, element mobility during metamorphic processes, and retrograde zircon formation with concurrent mobilization and fractionation of Zr-Hf. The South Range metamorphic aureole is best preserved in Paleoproterozoic Elsie Mountain Formation (EMF) metabasalts that form a large proportion of the immediate footwall to the SIC along its southern margin, which also includes the Murray and Creighton granites. Mapping of the metamorphic aureole in the EMF metabasalts defines 3 metamorphic zones: 1) an up to ca. 500 m wide pyroxene-hornfels zone (PHZ) extending from the SIC contact and characterized by a peak metamorphic mineral assemblage of plagioclase-clinopyroxene-orthopyroxene-magnetite-ilmenite estimated to reflect peak temperatures of ≥925 °C; 2) a pyroxene-granofels zone (PGZ) extending from the PHZ and up to 750 m from the SIC contact characterized by a similar twopyroxene assemblage, but typically with abundant retrograde high-Ti hornblende; 3) a hornblende-hornfels zone (HHZ) extending from the PGZ and to at least 1000 m from the SIC contact characterized by a hornblende-plagioclase-quartz-ilmenite ± biotite ±
GEOLOGICAL INFLUENCE ON QUALITY OF SELECTED TERTIARY BARITO COAL

Type and rank variation within Tertiary Barito coals of Tanjung Formation were analyzed by petro- graphic examination of ten coal samples. Vitrinite, common liptinite and rare inertinite and mi-neral matter dominate all the coals. Vitrinite macerals are dominated by detrovitrinite and telovitrinite. Resinite, cutinite and sporinite are the dominant liptinite macerals in the coals. Inertinite macerals in the coals comprise semifusinite, sclerotinite and inertodetrinite. Mineral matter consists mainly of clay and pyrite. Liptinite and inertinite contents within coals are systematically related to vitrinite content. The liptinite and inertinite contents decrease with increase of vitrinite content. The liptinite content is not related to the inertinite content. Vitrinite reflectance of Palaeogene coals ranges from 0.53% to 0.64% or sub-bituminous to high-volatile bituminous ranks, respectively, as classified by the Australian standards, and of the Neogene ones varies between 0.30% and 0.47%, classified as brown coal and sub-bituminous ranks, respectively. The slight change in vitrinite reflectance from the top to the base of the sequence is due to the thicker cover/overburden on the high rank coals. Similarities and differ- ences in the type and rank of the coals reflect their geological setting.
Tyrosine phosphorylation of band 3 protein in Ca2+/A23187-treated human erythrocytes.

Human erythrocytes were induced to release membrane vesicles by treatment with Ca2+ and ionophore A23187. In addition to the biochemical changes already known to accompany loading of human erythrocytes with Ca2+, the present study reveals that tyrosine phosphorylation of the anion exchanger band 3 protein also occurs. The relationship between tyrosine phosphorylation of band 3 and membrane vesiculation was analysed using quinine (a non-specific inhibitor of the Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel, and the only known inhibitor of Ca(2+)-induced vesiculation) and charybdotoxin, a specific inhibitor of the apamin-insensitive K(+)-channel. Both inhibitors suppressed tyrosine phosphorylation of band 3. In the presence of quinine, membrane vesiculation was also suppressed. In contrast, at the concentration of charybdotoxin required to suppress tyrosine phosphorylation of band 3, membrane vesiculation was only mildly inhibited (16-23% inhibition), suggesting that tyrosine phosphorylation of band 3 is not necessary for membrane vesiculation. Phosphorylation of band 3 was in fact observed when erythrocytes were induced to shrink in a Ca(2+)-independent manner, e.g. by treatment with the K+ ionophore valinomycin or with hypertonic solutions. These observations suggest that band 3 tyrosine phosphorylation occurs when cell volume regulation is required.
Comments on Bosonisation and Biproducts

We clarify the relation between the `bosonisation' construction (due to the author) which can be used to turn a Hopf algebra $B$ in the category of $H$-modules or $H$-comodules into an equivalent ordinary Hopf algebra, and a version of Radfords theorem (also due in this form to the author) which does the same for $B$ in the category of crossed $H$-modules. We also comment on reconstruction from the category of $B$-comodules.
Power Electronics Converters for Wind Turbine Systems

The steady growth of installed wind power together with the upscaling of the single wind turbine power capability has pushed the research and development of power converters toward full-scale power conversion, lowered cost pr kW, increased power density, and also the need for higher reliability. In this paper, power converter technologies are reviewed with focus on existing ones and on those that have potential for higher power but which have not been yet adopted due to the important risk associated with the high-power industry. The power converters are classified into single- and multicell topologies, in the latter case with attention to series connection and parallel connection either electrical or magnetic ones (multiphase/windings machines/transformers). It is concluded that as the power level increases in wind turbines, medium-voltage power converters will be a dominant power converter configuration, but continuously cost and reliability are important issues to be addressed.
Evolution , and Austrian Economics

This paper analyzes the evolution of agency theory and shows how Austrian economists and, in particular, Mises largely anticipated these developments. Our analytical framework is the evolution of agency theory and we argue that it is a quest for more realism that has been the driving force of this evolution. We analyze how the agency literature has evolved since its first developments with the standard principal-agent models by integrating into the analytical framework the role played by implicit incentive mechanisms to minimize the problems associated with asymmetric information and conflicts of interest. We analyze how research in different fields has contributed to agency theory's evolution and we show that these developments can be traced back to the work of Austrian economists and, in particular, to Mises's works. We finally argue that despite the fact agency theory has largely improved its analysis of agency problems and of the remedies to mitigate these problems, it has not yet incorporated in its analyses a crucial contribution made by the Austrian economists, which is the role played by the entrepreneur. JEL Classification: D 820, L510, P510
The Dinoflagellate Cysts Thalassiphora subreticulata n.sp. and Thalassiphora balcanica: Their Taxonomy, Ontogenetic Variation and Evolution

ABSTRACT Thalassiphora and other large ‘winged' dinoflagellate cysts common in Oligocene–Pliocene stratified epicontinental seas display morphological variation greater than the plasticity of extant taxa, thereby raising questions about causes. This variation has been attributed either to directed ontogeny in response to salinity or oxygen gradients or to evolutionary development in response to special environmental conditions. Some authors have grouped certain taxa that mark the closing phases of European Paratethyan basins into an intergradational plexus including species of Thalassiphora, Galeacysta, Nematosphaeropsis and cruciform Spiniferites. Spiniferites (previously Thalassiphora) balcanicus and Galeacysta etrusca were considered end members of this plexus, despite large differences in morphology. We re-evaluate interpretations of the plexus through comparison primarily with a new north-western Atlantic Eocene species Thalassiphora subreticulata and new Croatian material of Thalassiphora balcanica, and we comment on differences from other Thalassiphora species. The large Eocene species Thalassiphora subreticulata (up to 148µm maximum dimension) is camocavate, and has a coarsely reticulo-fibrous, irregularly perforate periphragm forming a shallow, bowl-shaped structure, as in Thalassiphora pelagica. Electron microscopy shows the perforations are crossed by fibrils in accord with a proposed ‘stretched net’ model of periphragm development. The smaller Late Miocene Paratethyan species Thalassiphora balcanica (maximum dimension to 115µm) is also camocavate, with a similar fibrous periphragm which encloses about half the ventral surface and has smooth-edged and open perforations. Scanning electron microscope images show this species lacks the branched spinous processes used to justify its transfer from Thalassiphora to Spiniferites by Sütő-Szentai. In both Thalassiphora species, morphological variations do not support either the benthic–planktonic stage ontogenetic model or the oxidation-state model previously proposed for Thalassiphora pelagica. Among 30 species currently assigned to Thalassiphora, no correlation was found between cyst size and age. However, the range of morphology in this genus points to the need for taxonomic re-assessment, which might help reveal evolutionary trends.
Intimate partner violence and companion animal welfare.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of intimate partner violence (IPV) on companion animal welfare. DESIGN Self-selected telephone survey of people meeting the criteria. METHODS Members of the Australian public with experience of IPV and concurrent companion animal ownership were invited to telephone a researcher for a semi-structured interview. RESULTS In total, 26 Australian women reported one or more companion animals in the household being verbally and/or physically abused by their male partner, usually with prolonged effects on animal behaviour; 92% indicated that they had been unwilling to discuss the animal abuse with a veterinarian. Many were unaware of animal accommodation services for people fleeing violence and those who did know about these were unwilling to use them, citing their bond with the animals as the main reason. Animals targeted for abuse were most likely to be dogs and owned by women rather than men, children or both partners. CONCLUSION Animals can be severely affected by domestic violence situations and many people experiencing violence are unwilling to confide in veterinarians or seek help from animal shelters.
Differences in Physical Activity and Academic Performance between Urban and Rural Schoolchildren in Slovenia

In Slovenia, the existing studies of relations between physical activity (PA), academic performance (AP) and urbanization grade have used subjective self-reporting tools for assessing physical activity, which usually led to an underestimation of true PA. We have attempted to overcome this and have investigated the link between PA in rural and urban Slovenian schoolchildren by an objective assessment of PA, using a multi-sensor SenseWear PRO armband. The analysis showed that urban children in Slovenia are more physically active than rural children are and achieve better AP (mathematics grade). Additionally, children who are active between 60 and 120 minutes of MVPA/day have higher AP than their peers who are active less than 60 or more than 120 minutes, whereas the latter groups did not differ in academic performance.
Learning Multi-domain Convolutional Neural Networks for Visual Tracking

We propose a novel visual tracking algorithm based on the representations from a discriminatively trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Our algorithm pretrains a CNN using a large set of videos with tracking ground-truths to obtain a generic target representation. Our network is composed of shared layers and multiple branches of domain-specific layers, where domains correspond to individual training sequences and each branch is responsible for binary classification to identify target in each domain. We train each domain in the network iteratively to obtain generic target representations in the shared layers. When tracking a target in a new sequence, we construct a new network by combining the shared layers in the pretrained CNN with a new binary classification layer, which is updated online. Online tracking is performed by evaluating the candidate windows randomly sampled around the previous target state. The proposed algorithm illustrates outstanding performance in existing tracking benchmarks.
Coherent configurations, association schemes and permutation groups

Coherent configurations are combinatorial objects invented for the purpose of studying finite permutation groups; every permutation group which is not doubly transitive preserves a non-trivial coherent configuration. However, symmetric coherent configurations have a much longer history, having been used in statistics under the name of association schemes . The relationship between permutation groups and association schemes is quite subtle; there are groups which preserve no non-trivial association scheme, and other groups for which there is not a unique minimal association scheme. This paper gives a brief outline of the theory of coherent configurations and association schemes, and reports on some recent work on the connection between association schemes and permutation groups. 1 Coherent configurations This section contains the definitions of coherent configurations and of various specialisations (including association schemes), and their connection with finite permutation groups. It is by no means a complete survey of this topic, but it includes some historical remarks.
Performance Evaluation of TV Over Broadband Wireless Access Networks

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access is an emerging wireless access networks offering high data rates and good range. These features, in addition to moderate installation and maintenance costs, make it an appealing last-mile delivery network for IPTV and video applications, especially, in rural regions. However, TV/video delivery must be designed with respect to network characteristics in different environmental conditions. This paper studies the possibility of providing TV and video over the downlink and uplink of this fixed broadband wireless access network without compromising the video quality. The downlink scenario typically corresponds to offering high and standard definition IPTV to customer set-top box, whereas the uplink scenario can be for video surveillance or camera live broadcast. Measurements were taken using professional IPTV and video streaming equipments on commercial IEEE 802.16d system. Analysis was done for different video settings and network configurations in order to characterize network performance and identify video quality in different attenuation and interference conditions. A key outcome of this analysis was the feasibility of TV/video delivery over broadband wireless access networks with good quality of experience provided that system limitations are respected.
Mechanics of soil erosion from overland flow generated by simulated rainfall

MECHANICS OF SOIL EROSION FRQ! II OVERLA. \lD FLOW GENERATED BY SUlULATED RAINFALL The mechanics of soi l erosion from overland f l ow generated by simulated rainfall are studied experi mentally and analytically . The experiments were conducted in a 4 ' deep, 5' wide and 16 ' long flume at the Colorado State University Engineering Resea.rch Center. Twenty-four runs were made over bare (without vegetation) sandy soi l, using six different slopes (5. 7 to 40 percent) and four different rainfall i ntensities (1. 25 to 4.60 in. per hour). Flow under rainfall conditions cannot be strictly called laminar, but neither is it turbulent. The Reynolds number (q0 X/v) range (0 to 130) was small in these exper iments. The flow was influenced by viscosity, and perturbations t•ere damped. However, flow subjected to a continuous series of perturbations, such as r a indrop impact appears turbulent and may be called agitated laminar flow . Froude numbers ranged from 0.5 to 5. 4. The majority of the flows were super cr i tical. Momentum and continuity equations for steady, spatially varied overland flow under rainfall wer e derived, and boundar y shear stress, r 0 , was calculated from the momentum equat ion with a numerical approximation. The stream power was then related to sediment yield as a transport model. A longitudinal mean l ocal velocity equation f or steady spatially varied overland f low i n terms of friction s l ope, rainfall excess , length of run. viscosity, and gravitational acceleration t~as also derived and test ed. Predicted velocities with this equation wer e comparable to the velocities measured in t he experimenta l runs . Dimensional analysis was performed on all variables, and the data were ana lyzed by computer, using a nonlinear multiple r egression method . Prediction equations were developed from these methods of analysis , and models were tested. It was concluded that sediment transport models from dimensional analysis, dat a analysis, and analytical approaches are similar. Velocity, slope , and rainfall intensities were found to be the most important variables affecting soil erosion. In sedi ment-transport pr ediction equa.tions, the slope and Reynolds number proved to be dominant parameters. Sediment yield from overl and flow for l aboratory conditions can be predicted by the equations developed in this study. For field conditions, the equations can be used as f irst approximations of soil loss due to overl and f l ow. The numerical const ant of the prediction equations would need to be modified for different soil cor\ditions .
Falls among older persons: a public health perspective.

s of their medical records about the circumstances of falls. Therefore, they are subject to recall and interviewer bias and have led to a lack of consistency in the literature on the association of risk factors and falls (87). Some examples of these classification schemes include unexplained falls versus falls with a self-evident etiology (e.g. syncope, seizure, stroke); and falls due to host (intrinsic) factors versus falls due to environmental (extrinsic) factors. Although these schemes might be useful in a clinical setting, they are
Alteration of membrane barrier in stripped rough microsomes from rat liver on incubation with GTP: its relevance to the stimulation by this nucleotide of the dolichol pathway for protein glycosylation

The membrane barrier of stripped rough microsomes from rat liver is markedly altered on incubation with GTP at 37 degrees C: after 30 min the structure-linked latency of mannose-6-phosphatase was considerably reduced, and esterase and nucleoside diphosphatase were partly released into the suspension medium. This phenomenon was already maximal with 30 microM GTP and was specific for this nucleotide. Similar conditions enhance the dolichol-mediated glycosylation of protein in microsomes incubated with uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine and guanosine diphosphate mannose (Godelaine, D., H. Beaufay, M. Wibo, and A. Amar- Costesec, 1979, Eur. J. Biochem., 96:17-26; Godelaine, D., H. Beaufay, and M. Wibo, 1979, Eur. J. Biochem., 96:27-34). The GTP-induced permeability and glycosylation activities evolved in parallel in rough microsomes subjected to various treatments to detach the ribosomes and were maximal after removal of congruent to 60% of the RNA. In addition, GTP had no effect of this type in smooth microsome subfractions. Triton X-100, in spite of complex inhibitory effects on glycosylation reactions, mimicked the action of GTP by increasing the amount of microsomal dolichylphosphate that reacts with uridine diphosphate N- acetylglucosamine and by enhancing synthesis of dolichylpyrophosphoryl- chitobiose at concentrations greater than 2 mg/ml. Thus, GTP may activate dolichol-mediated glycosylation reactions in stripped microsomes by lowering the permeability barrier that prevents access of sugar nucleotides to the inner aspect of the membrane. The genuine role of GTP in the functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane in situ remains unknown. Because GTP seems to act only on rough microsomes, we hypothesize that this role is somehow related to biosynthesis of protein by the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Structural Requirements for Ligand Binding by a Probable Plant Vacuolar Sorting Receptor

How sorting receptors recognize amino acid determinants on polypeptide ligands and respond to pH changes for ligand binding or release is unknown. The plant vacuolar sorting receptor BP-80 binds polypeptide ligands with a central Asn-Pro-Ile-Arg (NPIR) motif. tBP-80, a soluble form of the receptor lacking transmembrane and cytoplasmic sequences, binds the peptide SSSFADSNPIRPVTDRAASTYC as a monomer with a specificity indistinguishable from that of BP-80. tBP-80 contains an N-terminal region homologous to ReMembR-H2 (RMR) protein lumenal domains, a unique central region, and three C-terminal epidermal growth factor (EGF) repeats. By protease digestion of purified secreted tBP-80, and from ligand binding studies with a secreted protein lacking the EGF repeats, we defined three protease-resistant structural domains: an N-terminal/RMR homology domain connected to a central domain, which together determine the NPIR-specific ligand binding site, and a C-terminal EGF repeat domain that alters the conformation of the other two domains to enhance ligand binding. A fragment representing the central domain plus the C-terminal domain could bind ligand but was not specific for NPIR. These results indicate that two tBP-80 binding sites recognize two separate ligand determinants: a non-NPIR site defined by the central domain–EGF repeat domain structure and an NPIR-specific site contributed by the interaction of the N-terminal/RMR homology domain and the central domain.
The association between higher education and approximate number system acuity

Humans are equipped with an approximate number system (ANS) supporting non-symbolic numerosity representation. Studies indicate a relationship between ANS-precision (acuity) and math achievement. Whether the ANS is a prerequisite for learning mathematics or if mathematics education enhances the ANS remains an open question. We investigated the association between higher education and ANS acuity with university students majoring in subjects with varying amounts of mathematics (mathematics, business, and humanities), measured either early (First year) or late (Third year) in their studies. The results suggested a non-significant trend where students taking more mathematics had better ANS acuity and a significant improvement in ANS acuity as a function of study length that was mainly confined to the business students. The results provide partial support for the hypothesis that education in mathematics can enhance the ANS acuity.