Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Target Detection via Bayesian-Morphological Saliency in High-Resolution SAR Images

The classical target detection methods in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are mainly dependent on the intensity differences between the targets and clutter. Although they are effective in the simple scenes with high signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR), they may lose effectiveness in the complex scenes with low SCR. Generally, in high-resolution SAR images, the targets present not only high intensities but also specific size characteristics compared with the clutter. Based on this fact, in this paper, we propose a new target detection method for high-resolution SAR images via Bayesian-morphological saliency, which mainly contains two stages: Bayesian saliency map construction and morphological saliency map construction. The Bayesian saliency map can obtain the complete structures of the bright objects including the targets of interest and some bright clutter, via the superpixel segmentation and Bayesian framework. Furthermore, the morphological saliency map can highlight the targets of interest while suppressing both the natural and man-made clutter via the size prior information of the targets. The experimental results on the miniSAR real data set show that the proposed target detection method is effective.
Why do employees jump ship? Examining intent to quit employment in a non‐western cultural context

Purpose – This study proposed to investigate the phenomenon of intention to quit among frontline employees. The main objectives of the current study were to examine the level of intention to leave and what factors influence the employees to consider leaving their organisations.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 493 frontline employees from Jordanian organisations. The study reported in this paper tested the factor structure of intention to quit using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.Findings – The findings which emerged from this study established a three‐factor solution model which is appropriate to test employees’ intention to quit based on three factors, namely work opportunities, personal needs, and personal responsibilities. The results provided new perspectives and support the overall validity of the nomological network of intention to quit factors, but also suggest that caution should be exercised in different contexts and cultural settings.Originalit.
Effects of Infant Carrying Practices on Rhythm in Music

Music is a universal aspect of culture and a frequent accompaniment of human activity, yet its symbolic and expressive functions have received relatively little attention from anthropologists. This paper deals with one aspect of music, rhythm. It presents and tests the hypothesis that cross-cultural variation in rhythm is related to variation in infant carrying practices. The paper thus attempts to answer questions concerning the psychological origin of rhythm and suggests an explanation for the function and importance of music in human experience.
Transferability of Skills and Education and Thai Academics' Organisational Commitment

Few studies have examined the links between perceived transferability of education or perceived transferability of skills and organisational commitment. This paper reports on a study examining the relationships between transferability of education and transferability of skills, and the three components of organisational commitment (affective, continuance, and normative commitment) with a sample comprising 517 Thai academics. Hierarchical regression analyses (controlling for gender, education, academic rank, and organisational tenure) indicated that transferability of skills was positively related to both affective and normative commitment, while transferability of education was negatively related to continuance commitment. The implications in terms of career management and human resource development are discussed.
Social Capital and Homicide

Despite recent theoretical attention to "social capital" and its impact on a range of public problems, including crime, few studies have evaluated the relationship between crime rates and levels of social capital across populations. That research gap is due, in part, to the absence of macro-level empirical indicators of social capital. In this article, we measure social capital as a latent construct with aggregated voting and organizational membership data, and survey data on social trust, and examine its relationship with homicide rates for a nationally representative sample of geographic areas. Structural equation models show that the construct of social capital has a significant direct effect on homicide rates, net of other structural covariates, and controlling for the reciprocal influence of homicide on social capital. Although social capital mediates little of the effect on homicide of levels of economic deprivation, it explains more than two-thirds of the effect of Southern regional location. The results indicate that depleted social capital contributes to high levels of homicide, and provide a promising basis for future research on the mechanisms linking social capital to crime at the macro level.
A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF THE CORRELATIONAL IMPACT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL ON JOB SEARCH INTENSITY AS MEASURED BY JOB SEARCH BEHAVIORS

High levels of unemployment have resulted from the recent economic downturn. Job search related research has been limited with respect to the impact of psychological capacities in relation to job search intensity. The purpose of this non-experimental quantitative study was to test the theory of Psychological Capital (PsyCap) that relates PsyCap to preparatory and active job search behaviors. This study focused on active job searchers receiving outplacement services at an international organization for outplacement services. Two research hypotheses were tested: the four subscales of the psychological capital assessment do predict preparatory job search behaviors and the four subscales of the psychological capital assessment do predict active job search behaviors. The findings from an analysis of the results from this study did not provide results that were statistically significant in support of the first hypothesis. The results from the second hypothesis, however, reflected statistical significance in support of the second hypothesis. This study expands the research on positivity as it relates to job search intensity and contributes to the field of Organization and Management by analyzing the impact of PsyCap on job search intensity. The identification of job searchers’ PsyCap provides an opportunity to expand on the theoretical framework of positive psychology as it relates to the reemployment process. PsyCap is also “developable” (Luthans & Youssef, 2007), which provides a basis for unemployment consultants in strengthening job searchers’ overall PsyCap and increasing their intensity levels. This strengthening of job searcher PsyCap should facilitate faster return to employment.
African Americans' mental health and perceptions of racist discrimination: The moderating effects of racial socialization experiences and self-esteem.

This research responded to researchers' calls for investigation of potential moderators of the link between perceptions of racist discrimination and mental health. In a sample of 119 African American young adults, the authors investigated the extent to which 4 theoretically relevant variables moderated the perceived racism-mental health relation. Consistent with predictions, results revealed that greater experience with racial socialization messages attenuated the link between reports of racist events and poorer mental health. Self-esteem also moderated the relation, but in a direction opposite that predicted. Neither racial socialization beliefs nor African American social networks moderated the relation. Overall, results indicated that individual differences shape the extent to which African Americans' mental health is related to perceptions of racist discrimination.
Family accommodation in obsessive-compulsive and anxiety disorders: a five-year update

Family accommodation describes changes that individuals make to their behavior, to help their relative who is dealing with a psychiatric and/or psychological disorder(s), avoid or alleviate distress related to the disorder. Research on family accommodation has advanced rapidly. In this update we aim to provide a synthesis of findings from the past five years. A search of available, peer-reviewed, English language papers was conducted through PubMed and PsycINFO, cross referencing psychiatric disorders with accommodation and other family-related terms. The resulting 121 papers were individually reviewed and evaluated and the main findings were discussed. Family accommodation is common in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and in anxiety disorders, and manifests similarly across these disorders. Family accommodation is associated with more severe psychopathology and poorer clinical outcomes. Treatments have begun to focus on the reduction of family accommodation as a primary therapeutic goal and finally, neurobiological underpinnings of family accommodation are beginning to be investigated.
Parental influences on the diets of 2- to 5-year-old children: Systematic review of qualitative research

Parents have a major influence on young children’s diets, food choices and habit formation. However, research concerning parental influence on children’s diets is limited. Qualitative research informs quantitative research with a narrative of ‘what works’ and is a valuable tool to inform intervention design and practice. This article presents a systematic review of qualitative research with parents of preschool children and their influence on their child’s diet. Nine studies were identified. Findings highlight the need to promote culturally tailored programmes to combat specific cultural differences such as attitudes; perceptions and concerns; address common barriers to providing healthy foods and challenges faced by lower income families; the use of food to shape a child’s behaviour; that children will grow out of excess weight; common misconceptions such as a heavier child is healthier and depriving a child’s food request could result in starvation. Research on parental understanding of healthy diets and feeding practices is lacking. Further insights into how to positively influence children’s diets will come from research examining parent feeding practices and nutrition knowledge.
The Potentiation of Associative Memory by Emotions: An Event-Related FMRI Study

Establishing associations between pieces of information is related to the medial temporal lobe (MTL). However, it remains unclear how emotions affect memory for associations and, consequently, MTL activity. Thus, this event-related fMRI study attempted to identify neural correlates of the influence of positive and negative emotions on associative memory. Twenty-five participants were instructed to memorize 90 pairs of standardized pictures during a scanned encoding phase. Each pair was composed of a scene and an unrelated object. Trials were neutral, positive, or negative as a function of the emotional valence of the scene. At the behavioral level, participants exhibited better memory retrieval for both emotional conditions relative to neutral trials. Within the right MTL, a functional dissociation was observed, with entorhinal activation elicited by emotional associations, posterior parahippocampal activation elicited by neutral associations, and hippocampal activation elicited by both emotional and neutral associations. In addition, emotional associations induced greater activation than neutral trials in the right amygdala. This fMRI study shows that emotions are associated with the performance improvement of associative memory, by enhancing activity in the right amygdala and the right entorhinal cortex. It also provides evidence for a rostrocaudal specialization within the MTL regarding the emotional valence of associations.
The relationship between lower intelligence, crime and custodial outcomes: a brief literary review of a vulnerable group

The relationship between intellectual functioning and criminal offending has received considerable focus within the literature. While there remains debate regarding the existence (and strength) of this relationship, there is a wider consensus that individuals with below average functioning (in particular cognitive impairments) are disproportionately represented within the prison population. This paper focuses on research that has implications for the effective management of lower functioning individuals within correctional environments as well as the successful rehabilitation and release of such individuals back into the community. This includes a review of the literature regarding the link between lower intelligence and offending and the identification of possible factors that either facilitate (or confound) this relationship. The main themes to emerge from this review are that individuals with lower intellectual functioning continue to be disproportionately represented in custodial settings and that there is a need to increase the provision of specialised programs to cater for their needs. Further research is also needed into a range of areas including: (1) the reason for this over-representation in custodial settings, (2) the existence and effectiveness of rehabilitation and release programs that cater for lower IQ offenders, (3) the effectiveness of custodial alternatives for this group (e.g. intensive corrections orders) and (4) what post-custodial release services are needed to reduce the risk of recidivism.
A case of Costello with parathyroid adenoma and hyperprolactinemia

A 23‐year‐old female with Costello syndrome is presented. She had mental retardation, macrocephalia, “coarse” facial features, deep palmar and plantar creases, hyperkeratosis in palms and soles, hyperpigmentation, curly hair, and cutis laxa, which are among the diagnostic features of the syndrome, and a history of hyperprolactinemia since the age of 16. Her present complaint was weakness and widespread bone‐pain. In routine biochemistry, she had an elevated calcium level of 11.1 (8.6–10.2) mg/dl and her DEXA evaluation was consistent with osteoporosis (vertebra and femur T score <−2.5). High PTH levels, 103 (8–78) pg/ml, suggested presence of a parathyroid adenoma. Tc‐MIBI scintigraphy revealed two focuses of pathological uptake, one located inferior to left lobe of thyroid and the other in the superior left lobe of thyroid gland. After parathyroid adenomectomy, her serum calcium and PTH levels returned to normal values. This is the first case of parathyroid adenoma and hyperprolactinemia in the literature, reported in a patient with Costello syndrome. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Development of Transnational Higher Education in China

This article presents an empirical study of transnational higher education in China at the institutional level. The units of analysis are the Chinese partner universities of transnational higher education programs. Through comparison of research universities and teaching universities, the study finds that transnational higher education programs are developed and perceived differently by these two categories of universities. For teaching universities, transnational higher education is mainly used to expand enrollment. It is the most active internationalization activity on campus. For research universities, especially top research universities, transnational higher education’s major function is to provide academic opportunities for those aspiring for advanced professional degrees. It is only one of the many internationalization activities on campus. Teaching universities tend to use transnational higher education more to generate revenue and reduce cost.
SimSensei kiosk: a virtual human interviewer for healthcare decision support

We present SimSensei Kiosk, an implemented virtual human interviewer designed to create an engaging face-to-face interaction where the user feels comfortable talking and sharing information. SimSensei Kiosk is also designed to create interactional situations favorable to the automatic assessment of distress indicators, defined as verbal and nonverbal behaviors correlated with depression, anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this paper, we summarize the design methodology, performed over the past two years, which is based on three main development cycles: (1) analysis of face-to-face human interactions to identify potential distress indicators, dialogue policies and virtual human gestures, (2) development and analysis of a Wizard-of-Oz prototype system where two human operators were deciding the spoken and gestural responses, and (3) development of a fully automatic virtual interviewer able to engage users in 15-25 minute interactions. We show the potential of our fully automatic virtual human interviewer in a user study, and situate its performance in relation to the Wizard-of-Oz prototype.
Reactions to a social dilemma as a function of intragroup interactions and group performance

We examined how group performance (success or failure) and intragroup interactions (minimal or favorable) affected responses to a social dilemma. We predicted that group failure would result in less overall cooperation, but that favorable intragroup interactions would buffer this adverse consequence. We further predicted that this buffering effect would be mediated by group identity, which would, in turn, operate through two processes, normative expectations and goal transformation. We experimentally manipulated the extent to which groups (N = 80 four-person groups) experienced minimal or favorable intragroup interactions and succeeded or failed on an intellective task before facing, as isolated individuals, a social dilemma. Our main hypotheses were supported, and structural equation modeling and analyses of moderated mediation were largely consistent with our theoretical model. The results support a social identity approach to social dilemmas and shed light on the processes involved in intragroup cooperation.
Aspirin Sensitivity and IgE Antibodies to Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxins in Nasal Polyposis: Studies on the Relationship

Background: Nasal polyposis is a multifactorial disease characterized by a chronic eosinophilic inflammation of the sinus mucosa, often associated with asthma and aspirin sensitivity. We have recently shown that the presence of IgE antibodies to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins (SAEs) was related to the severity of eosinophilic inflammation in nasal polyp tissue. In this study, we therefore aimed to determine, whether aspirin sensitivity was related to an immune response to SAEs, and how both criteria would be related to eosinophilic inflammation. Methods: 40 subjects with nasal polyposis (NP) were classified as aspirin-sensitive (n = 13, ASNP) or aspirin-tolerant (n = 27, ATNP) based on a bronchial aspirin challenge test. Homogenates prepared from nasal polyp tissue and inferior nasal turbinates from healthy subjects (n = 12) were analyzed for concentrations of IL-5 by enzyme immunoassay and for ECP, total and IgE to a mix of SAEs (A, C, TSST-1) using the ImmunoCAP system. Results: Concentrations of IL-5, ECP, total IgE, and IgE to an SAE mix were significantly increased in ASNP compared with ATNP patients and controls. In addition, a subgroup analysis showed an increase in eosinophilic markers in ATNP-SAE(+) compared to ATNP-SAE(–). This relationship, however, was not found in ATNP-SAE(+) and ATNP-SAE(–) subjects, indicating that SAE immune response is overlapped or not relevant in this condition. Conclusions: Aspirin sensitivity was associated with increased concentrations of eosinophil-related mediators, as well as IgE antibodies to SAEs in nasal polyp tissue. However, a direct impact of S. aureus could not be established. It seems that aspirin sensitivity and immune reactions to SAEs are independently related to eosinophilic inflammation.
A Taxonomy for Multi-Perspective Ex Ante Evaluation of the Value of Complementary Health Information Systems - Applying the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology

Healthcare providing organizations realize astonishing advancements in treatment procedures and medical technology that strongly impact health outcome. Despite recognition of potential contributions of health information systems (HIS) its adoption is comparably low. Existing design research artifacts for IS evaluation conceptualized for domains other than healthcare produce inadequate results due to an inappropriate set or balancing of value indicators. Their application hence results in unclear value of HIS, hindering investments. Given the socio-technical character of HIS, behaviorist research on acceptance can be considered a good theoretical foundation for designing methods for ex ante evaluations of IS in healthcare. Based on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology, six key variables are applied for a concept-driven literature research of criteria determining value of HIS. The resulting taxonomy contributes to the knowledge base a more detailed understanding of domain-specific HIS value indicators, which is tested for validity through a factor analysis.
Transformative Learning and Identity

Transformative learning has usually been defined as transformations of meaning perspectives, frames of reference, and habits of mind—as proposed initially by Jack Mezirow. However, several authors have found this definition too narrow and too cognitively oriented, and Mezirow has later emphasized that emotional and social conditions are also important. Thus, there is a need for a broader, more up-to-date, and still significant definition. This article suggests that the target area of transformative learning should be defined by the term “identity,” which explains what this term implies, argues why it is the best possible choice, and gives examples of how the concepts of transformative learning and identity can mutually enrich each other and lead to new understandings in both of these areas.
Role of the extracellular matrix in neural crest cell migration

Development of the neural crest involves a remarkable feat of coordinated cell migration in which cells detach from the neural tube, take varying routes of migration through the embryonic tissues and then differentiate at the end of their journey to participate in the formation of a number of organ systems. In general, neural crest cells appear to migrate without the guidance of long‐range physical or chemical cues, but rather they respond to heterogeneity in the extracellular matrix that forms their migration substrate. Molecules such as fibronectin and laminin act as permissive substrate components, encouraging neural crest cell attachment and spreading, whereas chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans are nonpermissive for migration. A balance between permissive and nonpermissive substrate components seems to be necessary to ensure successful migration, as indicated by a number of studies in mouse mutant systems where nonpermissive molecules are over‐expressed, leading to inhibition of neural crest migration. The neural crest expresses cell surface receptors that permit interaction with the extracellular matrix and may also modify the matrix by secretion of proteases. Thus the principles that govern the complex migration of neural crest cells are beginning to emerge.