Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the Induction and Function of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes by Natural Killer T Cell

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play a crucial role in the infections and the antitumor immunity. Induction and activation of antigen-specific CTLs is an important strategy in immunotherapy for various diseases, and several researchers have focused on the modulation of CTL induction and function. Natural killer T (NKT) cells are an important focus area of researchers studying immunomodulatory responses to tumors and infectious diseases. CD1d-restricted NKT cells consist of type I NKT cells and type II NKT cells. α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer)-activated type I NKT cells secrete both Th1 (e.g., IFN-γ) and Th2 cytokines, affect the expression of costimulatory molecules in immune cells, and regulate the host immune system. Type II NKT cells, however, are stimulated by sulfatide, a self-glycolipid derived from myelin, and play an immunosuppressive role in animal model of autoimmune diseases. CTL generation, activation, and suppression are strongly affected by activated type I and type II NKT cells. Thus, the regulation of these NKT cells leads to the modification of CTL function. CTLs contribute to antimicrobial responses, antitumor immune and autoimmune responses. Understanding the role of NKT cells in the regulation of CTL generation, activation, and suppression enable the development of novel treatment strategies for these diseases.
THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS OF A SOCIAL SYSTEM: CROSS‐LEVEL EFFECTS OF HIGH‐PERFORMANCE WORK SYSTEMS ON EMPLOYEES’ ATTITUDES

Drawing on emerging multilevel theorizing in human resources management, we tested a multilevel model of high-performance work systems (HPWS), using data obtained from 324 managers and 522 employees in 76 Japanese establishments. Results from cross-level analyses indicated that the relationships between establishment-level HPWS and employee job satisfaction and affective commitment were fully mediated by establishment-level concern for employees climate. These results shed new light on the mechanisms through which HPWS impacts employee outcomes and serve to bridge between macro and micro perspectives of human resource management. The research and practice implications of the findings are discussed.
Imitative Learning of Nso and German Infants at 6 and 9 Months of Age

The present study focused on the assessment of imitation performance in a large sample of 6- and 9-month-old infants from two different cultural contexts: German middle-class infants from urban areas and Nso infants from a rural area in northwestern Cameroon were tested by using age-adapted deferred imitation tasks that were varied regarding their cultural familiarity (two types of instruments each being highly familiar for one of the two cultural contexts). Within both cultural groups and without being influenced by the cultural familiarity of the instruments, infants performed more target actions in the test compared with the baseline phase, even though this difference did not yield significance in the group of 6-month-old Cameroonian Nso infants. Moreover, a higher mean number of imitated actions has been observed for 9-month-olds compared with 6-month-olds demonstrating an age-related improvement of infants’ learning ability. Furthermore, at 9 months of age, German infants showed a higher level of baseline activity compared with the infants in the Cameroonian sample, which is assumed to be based on differences regarding the degree of object experiences. Results provide evidence that early in infancy, imitation is a universal learning tool in different cultural environments.
Evaluation of In Vitro Capacitation of Buffalo Frozen/Thawed Sperm by Different Techniques

This study aimed to determine the most reliable method to evaluate capacitation of buffalo frozen/thawed sperm. Frozen/thawed sperm cells were incubated in Tyrode albumin lactate pyruvate medium (TALP) in absence of capacitating agents (control) and in presence of 10 µg/ml heparin for 2 and 4 h. Capacitation was assessed by Trypan blue/Giemsa after lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) exposure, chlortetracycline (CTC) fluorescence assay and immune-localization of tyrosine phosphorylated protein. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of heparin on penetration, cleavage rates and kinetics of embryo development after heterologous IVF. The percentage of LPC-induced acrosome reacted (AR)-sperm increased (P<0.05) with heparin compared to the control after 2 h (28.2 vs 24.4%, respectively) and 4 h (35.1 vs 32.0 %, respectively). No differences in CTC pattern B (capacitated sperm) were found between groups and incubation times (on average 63%). On the contrary, heparin decreased (P<0.01) the percentage of tyrosine phosphorylation pattern A after 2 and 4 h (34.3 and 35.3%, respectively) compared to the control (54.5 and 51.8%, respectively) and increased (P<0.01) that of pattern EA after 2 and 4 h (59.2 and 54.2 %, respectively) compared to the control group (44.7 and 45.2 %, respectively). Both cleavage and penetration rates, as well as the percentage of fast developing embryos, were higher (P<0.01) in the heparin-treated group (77.2, 80.4 and 74.0 %, respectively) compared to the control (56.6, 58.0 and 55.2 %, respectively). In conclusion, Trypan blue/Giemsa staining to evaluate LPC-induced AR and tyrosine protein phosphorylation assay can be successfully used to evaluate capacitation of buffalo frozen/thawed semen.
Decreased Thalamic Expression of the Homeobox Gene DLX1 in Psychosis

Context A shared vulnerability to develop psychosis can be related to abnormalities in thalamic circuits in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and could be a genetic link between these disorders. Homeobox genes involved in development and differentiation of the brain could play an important role in these disorders. Objective To determine whether patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have different thalamic expression patterns of 2 homeobox genes, DLX1 and SHOX2 (alias OG12X or SHOT ) compared with psychiatric and nonpsychiatric control subjects. Design Postmortem sections containing the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus were subjected to in situ hybridization with mouse Dlx1 and human SHOX2 RNA probes. The number of both DLX1 - and SHOX2 -positive neurons relative to Nissl-stained neurons was estimated in systematic randomly sampled volume probes. Patients Fifteen patients with schizophrenia, 15 with bipolar disorder with or without history of psychosis, 15 with major depressive disorder, and 15 nonpsychiatric controls from the Stanley Foundation Brain Bank. Main Outcome Measure Relative numbers of DLX1 - and SHOX2 -positive neurons in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with history of psychosis compared with psychiatric and nonpsychiatric controls. Results Patients with a history of psychosis showed significantly decreased relative numbers of DLX1 -positive neurons compared with patients without history of psychosis and nonpsychiatric controls ( P = .02), whereas no differences could be found in relative numbers of SHOX2 -positive neurons ( P >.15). Results were obtained blind to diagnosis, symptoms, or any other variable except hemisphere. Conclusion Decreased thalamic expression of DLX1 in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with psychosis suggests shared genetic deficits in expression of this homeobox gene.
Fault Detection of Wind Turbines with Uncertain Parameters: A Set-Membership Approach

In this paper a set-membership approach for fault detection of a benchmark wind turbine is proposed. The benchmark represents relevant fault scenarios in the control system, including sensor, actuator and system faults. In addition we also consider parameter uncertainties and uncertainties on the torque coefficient. High noise on the wind speed measurement, nonlinearities in the aerodynamic torque and uncertainties on the parameters make fault detection a challenging problem. We use an effective wind speed estimator to reduce the noise on the wind speed measurements. A set-membership approach is used generate a set that contains all states consistent with the past measurements and the given model of the wind turbine including uncertainties and noise. This set represents all possible states the system can be in if not faulty. If the current measurement is not consistent with this set, a fault is detected. For representation of these sets we use zonotopes and for modeling of uncertainties we use matrix zonotopes, which yields a computationally efficient algorithm. The method is applied to the wind turbine benchmark problem without and with uncertainties. The result demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method compared to other proposed methods applied to the same problem. An advantage of the proposed method is that there is no need for threshold design, and it does not produce positive false alarms. In the case where uncertainty on the torque lookup table is introduced, some faults are not detectable. Previous research has not addressed this uncertainty. The method proposed here requires equal or less detection time than previous results.
Constructing Hope

Hope and recovery are focal narratives within rehabilitation discourse, which is characterized by its goal of returning physical functioning to individuals in a way reminiscent of their pre-impairment ways of life. Rehabilitation is concerned with coming to terms with often devastating bodily disruption and learning strategies to minimize it. Rehabilitation provides individuals with skills and tools designed to enable them to return to their former life. This discourse of “return to normal” is problematic for elderly or seriously ill patients, whose bodily disruption often occurs toward the end of a phase characterized by an extended period of ill-health and/or disease, and whose embodied experiences directly challenge the rehabilitative discourse. For these patients, the projected future is usually short-term and features decreasing levels of function and participation because of their health status. We explore the disjuncture between rehabilitative discourse constructed by and within the multidisciplinary clinical team and lived experiences for elderly people who have undergone amputation.
SPARC, FOXP3, CD8 and CD45 Correlation with Disease Recurrence and Long-Term Disease-Free Survival in Colorectal Cancer

Background SPARC is a matricellular protein involved in tissue remodelling, cell migration and angiogenesis, while forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) protein functions as a transcription factor involved in immune cell regulation. Both SPARC and FOXP3 can play an anti-tumorigenic role in cancer progression. The aim was to determine if SPARC, FOXP3, CD8 and CD45RO expression levels are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) stage, disease outcome and long-term cancer-specific survival (CSS) in stage II and III CRC. Methods and Findings SPARC expression was initially assessed in 120 paired normal and stage I-IV CRCs. Subsequently, approximately 1000 paired patient samples of stage II or III CRCs in tissue microarrays were stained for SPARC, FOXP3, CD8 or CD45RO. Proportional hazards modelling assessed correlations between these markers and clinicopathological data, including disease outcome and cancer specific survival (CSS). Both SPARC and FOXP3 expression were significantly greater in CRC than normal colon (p<0.0001). High SPARC expression correlated with good disease outcome (≥60 mths without disease recurrence, p = 0.0039) and better long-term CSS in stage II CRC (<0.0001). In stage III CRC, high SPARC expression correlated with better long-term CSS (p<0.0001) and less adjuvant chemotherapy use (p = 0.01). High FOXP3 correlated with a good disease outcome, better long-term CSS and less adjuvant chemotherapy use in stage II (p<0.0037, <0.0001 and p = 0.04 respectively), but not in stage III CRC. High CD8 and CD45RO expression correlated with better disease outcome in stage II CRC, and better CSS, but the differences were not as marked as for SPARC and FOXP3. Conclusions These data suggest that high SPARC and FOXP3 are associated with better disease outcome in stage II CRC and may be prognostic indicators of CSS. Further assessment of whether these markers predict patients at high risk of recurrence with stage II CRC and functional studies of these effects are underway
Kidney-protective effects of azelnidipine versus a diuretic in combination with olmesartan in hypertensive patients with diabetes and albuminuria: a randomized study.

BACKGROUND A thiazide diuretic used in combination with benazepril is superior to amlodipine plus benazepril in reducing albuminuria in hypertensive patients with diabetes. However, calcium channel blockers have diverse characteristics. Thus, we investigated whether combining an angiotensin receptor blocker with either azelnidipine or a thiazide diuretic produced similar reductions in albuminuria in hypertensive diabetic patients for the same levels of blood pressure achieved. METHODS Hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria (30-600 mg/g creatinine) under antihypertensive treatment (mean age 67.0±7.6 years) were instructed to stop all antihypertensive treatment and take a combination of olmesartan (20 mg/day) and amlodipine (5 mg/day) for 3 months (run-in period). Then, patients were randomly assigned to receive either olmesartan plus azelnidipine (16 mg/day; n=71) or olmesartan plus trichlormethiazide (1 mg/day; n=72) for an additional 6 months. The primary end point was urinary excretion of albumin at 6 months after randomization. RESULTS At the time of randomization, urinary albumin was 116.0 and 107.8 mg/g creatinine (geometric mean) in the azelnidipine and diuretic arms, respectively, and was reduced to a similar extent [79.8 (95% confidence interval 66.4-96.0) and 89.7 (74.6-107.7) mg/g creatinine, respectively, after adjustment for baseline values]. Blood pressure did not differ between the two groups throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS Azelnidipine is equally effective as a thiazide diuretic in reducing urinary albumin when used in combination with olmesartan.
The Thin Line Between Empowering and Laissez-Faire Leadership: An Expectancy-Match Perspective

Empowering leadership and laissez-faire leadership are generally thought to represent quite different leadership styles—the former more active and directed in follower development and the latter more passive and dismissive of followers’ needs. The present study questions this sharp differentiation. Building on leader categorization theory, we suggest that empowering leadership can be perceived by followers as laissez-faire depending on followers’ empowerment expectations. Specifically, we propose that when leaders’ behaviors are not aligned with followers’ expectations (either higher or lower), followers may evaluate them as being laissez-faire. A two-stage field study of 150 leader-follower dyads employing a cross-level polynomial regression analysis supported our expectation-match hypotheses. Furthermore, followers’ perceptions of laissez-faire leadership as a mediator subsequently lead to lower leader effectiveness evaluation. Consequently, our results indicate that empowering and laissez-faire leadership in the perceptions of followers are closer to each other than researchers previously thought.
PITFALLS AND PROMISES: THE USE OF SECONDARY DATA ANALYSIS IN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

ABSTRACT: This paper considers the use of secondary data analysis in educational research. It addresses some of the promises and potential pitfalls that influence its use and explores a possible role for the secondary analysis of numeric data in the ‘new’ political arithmetic tradition of social research. Secondary data analysis is a relatively under-used technique in Education and in the social sciences more widely, and it is an approach that is not without its critics. Here we consider two main objections to the use of secondary data: that it is full of errors and that because of the socially constructed nature of social data, simply reducing it to a numeric form cannot fully encapsulate its complexity. However, secondary data also offers numerous methodological, theoretical and pedagogical benefits. Indeed by treating secondary data analysis with appropriate scepticism and respect for its limitations, by demanding that tacit assumptions about the unreliability of secondary data are applied equally to other research methods, and crucially by combining secondary data analysis with small-scale in-depth work, this paper argues for a return to prominence of secondary data analysis in its own right as well as becoming a central component of the new political arithmetic tradition of social research.
Integrating Poststructuralist Models of Brief Therapy

The article presents guidelines for Brief Family Therapy that focuses on the presented problem and its solution within the context of resources the family has to solve problems. Based on Systemic Brief Therapy models (MRI's Brief Therapy Model, Solution Oriented Models, Narrative approaches .), our work does not put high emphasis on pathological structures underneath the problem (e.g. unconscious conflicts, pathological family structure,.), but on the present interaction between family members and their stories around the problem. With a simple and brief method of treatment we have had remarkable success in working with family problems, including eating disorders, enuresis, school refusal, tics, sleeping disorders, aggression, drug abuse and various forms of psychosomatic diseases. Guidelines for clinical work with children, adolescents and their families will be presented. An evaluation of our work will be reported within the context of child psychotherapy in a Pediatric Clinic and in a Family Therapy Institute.
Measuring Acculturation With the ARSMA-II

The current literature review highlights the need for a two-dimensional rating system for Mexican American acculturation. It demonstrates increased attention to acculturation issues over time despite ongoing lack of the two-dimensional acculturation analysis. Although creators of the Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans–II (ARSMA-II) originally stated that the measure’s Mexican Orientation and Anglo Orientation subscales were orthogonal, they combined the two into a unidimensional acculturation score. A review of usage of the ARSMA-II from 1995 to 2013 revealed that 56% of studies collapsed the two subscales into a single acculturation score. Additional analysis revealed an increase in studies using the ARSMA-II across time, while showing that there was neither a difference in the usage of unidimensional and bidimensional scoring methods nor a shift in choosing scoring methods across time. We recommend that future studies use both the Mexican Orientation and the Anglo Orientation subscales to increase the accuracy of their acculturation research.
Issue Importance as a Moderator of Framing Effects

A growing amount of research is devoted to the question of which individual and contextual variables enhance, limit, or obliterate news framing effects. However, the fundamental question whether framing effects vary depending on the issue at stake has not been addressed. Based on two experimental studies (total N = 1,821), this article investigates the extent to which framing effects differ in magnitude as well as process, depending on how important an issue is. The studies show that a high-importance issue yields no effects and a low-importance issue large effects. This moderating function of issue importance operates both at the contextual and at the individual levels. The implications for future framing effects research are discussed.
Cubes are difficult things to draw

The effects of general or specific verbal instructions on the production of a visual realistic drawing were investigated. Children aged 7 and 12 years and adults were asked to draw a cube placed in front of them on a table so that the front and top faces only could be seen. The two groups of children produced more two-segment drawings with the specific than with the general instruction. The adults drew more two-segment forms in both conditions. Most of the 7-year-olds' drawings were rectilinear. Most of the 12-year-olds' drawings contained obliques, and the parallel oblique form was particularly dominant. Although the adults, in contrast to the children, converged the ‘depth’ lines into the distance, only a minority of them did this; a sizable proportion of adults produced rectilinear forms. The data suggest that young children are more capable of visual realism and adults are less capable than the traditional theory of pictorial representation predicts.
NMNAT1 inhibits axon degeneration via blockade of SARM1-mediated NAD+ depletion

Overexpression of the NAD+ biosynthetic enzyme NMNAT1 leads to preservation of injured axons. While increased NAD+ or decreased NMN levels are thought to be critical to this process, the mechanism(s) of this axon protection remain obscure. Using steady-state and flux analysis of NAD+ metabolites in healthy and injured mouse dorsal root ganglion axons, we find that rather than altering NAD+ synthesis, NMNAT1 instead blocks the injury-induced, SARM1-dependent NAD+ consumption that is central to axon degeneration. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.19749. 001
Discretized Streams: A Fault-Tolerant Model for Scalable Stream Processing

Abstract : Many big data applications need to act on data arriving in real time. However, current programming models for distributed stream processing are relatively low-level often leaving the user to worry about consistency of state across the system and fault recovery. Furthermore, the models that provide fault recovery do so in an expensive manner, requiring either hot replication or long recovery times. We propose a new programming model discretized streams (D-Streams), that offers a high-level functional API, strong consistency, and efficient fault recovery. D-Streams support a new recovery mechanism that improves efficiency over the traditional replication and upstream backup schemes in streaming databases-parallel recovery of lost state-and unlike previous systems also mitigate stragglers. We implement D-Streams as an extension to the Spark cluster computing engine that lets users seamlessly intermix streaming, batch and interactive queries. Our system can process over 60 million records/second at sub-second latency on 100 nodes.
Policing the Poor: J. L. Vives and the Sixteenth-Century Origins of Modern Social Administration

A crucial episode in the history of social work and social administration was the sixteenth-century reform of poor relief in both Catholic and Protestant European towns. The writings of the Catholic humanist Juan Luis Vives in particular played an important part in the subsequent development of sixteenth-century poor relief. This article analyzes his ideas, the changes of the period, the ways in which the new arrangements differed from medieval poor relief, and the ways in which they formed the foundations of modern social administration.
The prevalence of tongue lesions in 5150 Turkish dental outpatients.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of nine tongue conditions and relate to data obtained about oral hygiene or habits in Turkish dental outpatients. SUBJECTS A total of 5150 subjects (2837 women, 2313 men) were included in this study. RESULTS Of the 5150 subjects, 2690 subjects were detected as having tongue lesions with a prevalence of 44.2 and 62.0% for women and men, respectively. The difference was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.0001). There was a strong correlation between tongue lesions and increasing age. There was also a strong association between tongue lesions and smoking, black tea drinking, and fair or poor oral hygiene. Hairy and coated tongue was significantly higher in males. Contrary to this, papillary atrophy was more prominent in women. CONCLUSION A strong correlation was found between tongue lesions and age, sex, oral hygiene and habits in Turkish dental outpatients. An efficient oral health program such as the elimination of risk habits and attention to cultural practices may improve tongue hygiene.