Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
InP/GaAsSb DHBTs With 500-GHz Maximum Oscillation Frequency

We report the realization of 0.3-μm emitter InP/GaAsSb/InP DHBTs with cutoff frequencies <i>f</i><sub>T</sub> = 365 GHz and <i>f</i><sub>MAX</sub> = 501 GHz. Our devices were implemented with a 15-nm C-doped graded base and a 125-nm InP collector and feature a peak current gain β = 35, with a base sheet resistance <i>R</i><sub>SH</sub> = 1160 Ω/sq. The present transistors are the first InP/GaAsSb DHBTs to feature <i>f</i><sub>MAX</sub> = 500 GHz, according to three extraction schemes. The present transistor performance is limited by an undepleted collector layer associated with a doping tail extending from the subcollector.
The Information Content of Dividends: Safer Profits, Not Higher Profits

Contrary to the central prediction of signaling models, changes in profits do not empirically follow changes in dividends. We show both theoretically and empirically that dividends signal safer, rather than higher, future profits. Using the Campbell (1991) decomposition, we are able to estimate expected cash flows from data on stock returns. Consistent with our model’s predictions, cash-flow volatility changes in the opposite direction from that of dividend changes and larger changes in volatility come with larger announcement returns. We find similar results for share repurchases. Crucially, the data supports the prediction - unique to our model - that the cost of the signal is foregone investment opportunities. We conclude that payout policy conveys information about future cash flow volatility. Our methodology can be applied more generally to overcoming empirical problems in testing theories of corporate financing.
Inclusive yet Selective: Supervised Distributional Hypernymy Detection

We test the Distributional Inclusion Hypothesis, which states that hypernyms tend to occur in a superset of contexts in which their hyponyms are found. We find that this hypothesis only holds when it is applied to relevant dimensions. We propose a robust supervised approach that achieves accuracies of . 84 and . 85 on two existing datasets and that can be interpreted as selecting the dimensions that are relevant for distributional inclusion.
Tissue-Specific Regulation of Chromatin Insulator Function

Chromatin insulators organize the genome into distinct transcriptional domains and contribute to cell type–specific chromatin organization. However, factors regulating tissue-specific insulator function have not yet been discovered. Here we identify the RNA recognition motif-containing protein Shep as a direct interactor of two individual components of the gypsy insulator complex in Drosophila. Mutation of shep improves gypsy-dependent enhancer blocking, indicating a role as a negative regulator of insulator activity. Unlike ubiquitously expressed core gypsy insulator proteins, Shep is highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) with lower expression in other tissues. We developed a novel, quantitative tissue-specific barrier assay to demonstrate that Shep functions as a negative regulator of insulator activity in the CNS but not in muscle tissue. Additionally, mutation of shep alters insulator complex nuclear localization in the CNS but has no effect in other tissues. Consistent with negative regulatory activity, ChIP–seq analysis of Shep in a CNS-derived cell line indicates substantial genome-wide colocalization with a single gypsy insulator component but limited overlap with intact insulator complexes. Taken together, these data reveal a novel, tissue-specific mode of regulation of a chromatin insulator.
On the Impact of Design Flaws on Software Defects

The presence of design flaws in a software system has a negative impact on the quality of the software, as they indicate violations of design practices and principles, which make a software system harder to understand, maintain, and evolve. Software defects are tangible effects of poor software quality. In this paper we study the relationship between software defects and a number of design flaws. We found that, while some design flaws are more frequent, none of them can be considered more harmful with respect to software defects. We also analyzed the correlation between the introduction of new flaws and the generation of defects.
Immunofluorescence imaging as a tool for studying the pharmacokinetics of a human monoclonal single chain fragment antibody

We have used immunofluorescence imaging to study binding of a monoclonal antibody fragment to subcutaneously implanted human melanoma cells in nude mice. The data acquired using this nontraditional approach was then analyzed using standard pharmacokinetic methods to produce estimates of k/sub e/ (0.06 h/sup -1/), t/sub 1/2/ (16 h), mean residency time (23.4 h) and percent exposure of the antibody to the tumor (40%). To our knowledge this is the first time standard pharmacokinetic analyzes have been conducted on immunofluorescence imaging data. The combination of this novel imaging technique and standard pharmacokinetic analytical methods should prove to be a useful tool for comparing the properties of antibody fragments in animal models.
Acetylstrophanthidin‐Induced Reflex Inhibition of Canine Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity Mediated by Cardiac Receptors with Vagal Afferents

The present experiments were performed to determine whether digitalis-induced augmentation of cardiac receptor discharge could induce reflex reductions in renal sympathetic nerve activity. Intracoronary injection or epicardial application of acetylstrophanthidin (AS) in chloralose-anesthetized dogs caused large decreases in renal sympathetic nerve activity which were accompanied by modest decreases in heart rate and arterial pressure. Vagotomy prevented these reflex responses. Cholinergic blockade with atropine markedly attenuated the heart rate responses to AS but had little effect on the arterial pressure or renal nerve activity responses. Epicardial application of lidocaine blocked cardiac vagal afferents and the reflex responses to intracoronary AS. In sinoaortic denervated dogs, the relationships between doses of AS and mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and renal nerve activity responses were linear. Decreases in renal nerve activity were evoked by doses of AS which did not reflexly change heart rate or arterial pressure. These data show that AS can evoke reflex bradycardia, hypotension, and withdrawal of renal sympathetic nerve activity solely by augmenting the inhibitory influence of cardiac receptors with vagal afferents. This reflex effect may contribute to the changes in renal function and thus to the diuresis that occurs when heart failure is treated with digitalis. Ore Res 44: 8-15, 1979
High-dimensional Winding-Augmented Motion Planning with 2D topological task projections and persistent homology

Recent progress in motion planning has made it possible to determine homotopy inequivalent trajectories between an initial and terminal configuration in a robot configuration space. Current approaches have however either assumed the knowledge of differential one-forms related to a skeletonization of the collision space, or have relied on a simplicial representation of the free space. Both of these approaches are currently however not yet practical for higher dimensional configuration spaces. We propose 2D topological task projections (TTPs): mappings from the configuration space to 2-dimensional spaces where simplicial complex filtrations and persistent homology can identify topological properties of the high-dimensional free configuration space. Our approach only requires the availability of collision free samples to identify winding centers that can be used to determine homotopy inequivalent trajectories. We propose the Winding Augmented RRT and RRT* (WA-RRT/RRT*) algorithms using which homotopy inequivalent trajectories can be found. We evaluate our approach in experiments with configuration spaces of planar linkages with 2-10 degrees of freedom. Results indicate that our approach can reliably identify suitable topological task projections and our proposed WA-RRT and WA-RRT* algorithms were able to identify a collection of homotopy inequivalent trajectories in each considered configuration space dimension.
What Is Different About Deaf Education? The Effects of Child and Family Factors on Educational Services

Deaf education is characterized by several distinctive aspects, beginning with qualities unique to deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children and their families. Consisting of approximately 1.2% of the special education K-12 population, educational and disability systems often struggle to meet the unique challenges that these children and their families present. The result is that services and practices may be atypical and unlike those found to be successful with other populations. Despite new technological and personnel accommodations, far greater numbers placed in general education classrooms, and access to the general education curriculum, these children remain unable to perform commensurate with their abilities or at levels equivalent to their peers either with or without disabilities. Achievement has improved little over four decades, further attesting to the complexity of successfully mitigating the effects of early childhood hearing loss and that educating DHH children is different.
A Concurrent Dual-Band Uneven Doherty Power Amplifier with Frequency-Dependent Input Power Division

A concurrent dual-band uneven GaN Doherty power amplifier (PA) for two wide-spacing frequencies application is proposed in this paper. To avoid an early load modulation-drop caused by the soft turn-on characteristic of the peaking device, an adaptive power division is realized by a frequency-dependent uneven power divider as well as the input matching nonlinearities of the two cells in Doherty PA. Due to the adaptive power division, the proposed dual-band uneven Doherty PA achieves a power-added efficiency of 45% and 41% at the 6 dB backoff from the saturation at 850 MHz and 2330 MHz, respectively, the gain of the proposed Doherty PA is also enhanced to 19 dB and 13 dB in the dual bands. Furthermore, a more accurate two-dimensional joint digital predistortion model (2D-JDPD) is applied to linearize the PA and compensate for the in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) imbalance simultaneously. With this new model, the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) is improved to better than -47.1 dBc and -49.4 dBc in the lower and upper bands at an average output power of 31.75 dBm, and a drain efficiency of 26.7% is obtained at the same time.
A Circuit-Level Analytical Study on Switching Behaviors of SiC Diode at Basic Cell for Power Converters

This paper presents a strategy for the analytic determination of the dynamic switching behaviors of the SiC Diode- Si MOSFET basic cell. The approach employs the semiconductor device electrical parameters from data sheets and static characteristic measurements and testing conditions to determine the behaviors of the basic cell. The presented equations can explain the phenomenon of basic cell such as SiC Diode negative current overshoot. A detailed analysis of the typical waveforms during switching is presented stage by stage. Furthermore, a 400V, 4A test bench has been built and tested under different testing conditions in order to determine the main effects. There is good agreement between theoretical analysis and experimental results.
Effect of acute and chronic inflammatory stimuli on expression of protease-activated receptors 1 and 2 in alveolar macrophages.

BACKGROUND Protease-activated receptors 1 and 2 (PAR-1 and PAR-2) are 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors activated by serine proteases in many cell types, including monocytes-macrophages, leading to the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and growth factors. OBJECTIVE We determined the influence of chronic smoking and asthma on the expression of PAR-1 and PAR-2 receptors on alveolar macrophages (AMs). METHODS We used RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry with confocal microscopy to determine mRNA and protein expression of PAR-1 and PAR-2 in AMs obtained from healthy smokers, asthmatic patients, and healthy subjects. In addition, we examined the effect of IL-1beta and LPS. RESULTS PAR1 mRNA was decreased, whereas PAR2 mRNA was increased in 24-hour cultured AMs from smokers when compared with values in AMs from healthy subjects. Paradoxically, there was a higher degree of PAR-1 protein staining in AMs from smokers, whereas PAR-2 staining was similar in smokers and healthy subjects. PAR-1 and PAR-2 mRNA and protein expression were similar in asthmatic patients and control subjects. IL-1beta and LPS had no effect on PAR1 and PAR2 gene expression by AMs. CONCLUSIONS There is a dissociation between gene and protein expression of PAR-1 and PAR-2. PAR-1 protein overexpression in AMs from smokers might be important in the pathophysiology of chronic airways disease.
Habit: How Does It Develop, and Affect Continued Usage of Chinese Users on Social Networking Websites?

Most IS studies considered post-adoption behavior as a cognitive process but rarely took a habitual perspective. The present study developed a research model to investigate the antecedents and effects of users' habit in the context of social networking websites (SNW). It used a two-stage survey and partial least squares (PLS) analysis to test the model. It found that a user's habit of using an SNW is developed through his prior usage, enjoyment, social interaction ties, and satisfaction, and that his habit consequently affects his online self-presentation desire and actual continued usage of SNW. The model accounts for 46.5% of the variance in SNW habit, and 33.5% of the variance in SNW continuance usage, respectively. This is one of the first studies that integrate the essential construct of habit with traditional cognitive, affective, and intentional factors into an SNW continuance model. The findings not only contribute to the theoretical development of IS continuance, but also provide insights for SNW practitioners to understand users' habit and develop sustainable strategies accordingly.
The Probability Distribution Function of the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Power Spectrum: An Analytical Approach

The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) signal is highly non-Gaussian, so the SZ power spectrum (along with the mean y-parameter) does not provide a complete description of the SZ effect. Therefore, SZ-based constraints on cosmological parameters and on cluster gastrophysics which assume Gaussianity will be biased. We derive an analytic expression for the n-point joint PDF of the SZ power spectrum. Our derivation, which is based on the halo model, has several advantages: it is expressed in an integral form which allows quick computation; it is applicable to any given survey and any given angular scale; and it is straightforward to incorporate many of the complexities which arise when modeling the SZ signal. To illustrate, we use our expression to estimate p(Cℓ), the one-point PDF of the SZ power spectrum. For small sky coverage (applicable to BIMA/CBI and the Sunyaev Zel'dovich Array experiments), our analysis shows that p(Cℓ) on the several arcminute scale is expected to be strongly skewed, peaking at a value well below the mean and with a long tail which extends to high Cℓ values. In the limit of large sky coverage (applicable to the South Pole Telescope and Planck), p(Cℓ) approaches a Gaussian form. However, even in this limit, the variance of the power spectrum is very different from the naive Gaussian-based estimate, because different ℓ models are strongly correlated, making the cosmic variance of the SZ bandpower much larger than the naive estimate. Our analysis should also be useful for modeling the PDF of the power spectrum induced by gravitational lensing at large ℓ.
Morphometric spatial patterns differentiating boys with fragile X syndrome, typically developing boys, and developmentally delayed boys aged 1 to 3 years.

CONTEXT Brain maturation starts well before birth and occurs as a unified process with developmental interaction among different brain regions. Gene and environment play large roles in such a process. Studies of individuals with genetic disorders such as fragile X syndrome (FXS), which is a disorder caused by a single gene mutation resulting in abnormal dendritic and synaptic pruning, together with healthy individuals may provide valuable information. OBJECTIVE To examine morphometric spatial patterns that differentiate between FXS and controls in early childhood. DESIGN A cross-sectional in vivo neuroimaging study. SETTING Academic medical centers. PARTICIPANTS A total of 101 children aged 1 to 3 years, comprising 51 boys with FXS, 32 typically developing boys, and 18 boys with idiopathic developmental delay. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Regional gray matter volume as measured by voxel-based morphometry and manual tracing, supplemented by permutation analyses; regression analyses between gray and white matter volumes, IQ, and fragile X mental retardation protein level; and linear support vector machine analyses to classify group membership. RESULTS In addition to aberrant brain structures reported previously in older individuals with FXS, we found reduced gray matter volumes in regions such as the hypothalamus, insula, and medial and lateral prefrontal cortices. These findings are consistent with the cognitive and behavioral phenotypes of FXS. Further, multivariate pattern classification analyses discriminated FXS from typical development and developmental delay with more than 90% prediction accuracy. The spatial patterns that classified FXS from typical development and developmental delay included those that may have been difficult to identify previously using other methods. These included a medial to lateral gradient of increased and decreased regional brain volumes in the posterior vermis, amygdala, and hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS These findings are critical in understanding interplay among genes, environment, brain, and behavior. They signify the importance of examining detailed spatial patterns of healthy and perturbed brain development.
Clicks, Discontinuities, and Firm Demand Online

The market values of online platforms, such as Yahoo, stem from their ability to monetize the clicks they generate for firms advertising on their sites. We exploit a unique dataset on clicks from one of Yahoo's price comparison sites to estimate the determinants of clicks received by online retailers. We find that a firm enjoys a 60% jump in its clicks when it offers the lowest price at the site. This discontinuity is consistent with a variety of models that have been used to rationalize the price dispersion observed in online markets. We also show that one may use estimates of the determinants of a firm's clicks to obtain bounds on its underlying demand parameters, including own- and cross-price elasticities. Our results have potentially significant ramifications for online retailers, platforms, and policymakers: Failure to account for discontinuities distorts parameter estimates by 50 to 100 percent.
The evolution of the patterning of human lactation: A comparative perspective

Some four decades ago, Jeanne Altmann started her detailed field studies of baboon mothers and their infants with a focus on the behavioral ecology of maternal reproductive investment. Around the same time, Sarah Hrdy studied langur mothers and their infants, focusing on the influence of the social environment on a female's reproductive options and decisions. Their pioneering work has inspired many subsequent studies of female primate reproduction in its natural context and shaped our own work on primate mothers.
Fungal infections after haematology unit renovation: evidence of clinical, environmental and economical impact

Objective and methods: The Haemato‐Oncology Unit, Hospital S. Joao, suffered extensive refurbishing intervention in order to adapt for autotransplant patients. Eight new individual rooms with central HEPA filtration system were built. All patients admitted in the department during 14 months prior to and 14 months after renovation works were enrolled. A total of 403 admissions were considered and a detailed analysis of all patients with fungal infections, air quality and antifungal consumption were evaluated in order to study clinical, environmental and economical impact after unit renovation.
Flow Cytometric Analysis of Feline Reticulocytes

Hemolytic anemia was induced in five Domestic Shorthair cats (four adult males and one spayed female obtained from a breeding colony at Colorado State University, CO), and blood samples were analyzed from five other cats (two castrated male Domestic Shorthairs, one castrated male Domestic Longhair, one castrated male Persian, and one spayed female Siamese presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at Colorado State University for miscellaneous problems). Blood samples taken from these cats had percentages of aggregate reticulocytes that ranged from 0% to 14.5% as determined by manual counting and were used to identify the best technique for staining cat reticulocytes for flow cytometric analysis. The best technique was mixing a blood sample (1/2,000 dilution) with 0.2 μg thiazole orange in 1 ml of diluent and incubating the mixture in the dark at room temperature for 30 to 60 minutes. The percentage of reticulocytes determined by flow cytometry correlated well (r = 0.88) with manually determined aggregate reticulocyte percentages; no significant differences were observed between the two techniques (P > 0.05). For the conditions used, punctate reticulocytes were not detected by flow cytometry. Samples with very high platelet numbers and very low packed cell volumes may show falsely elevated percentages of reticulocytes as determined by flow cytometry. The reproducibility of the flow cytometric technique was good; the coefficient of variation ranged from 4.8% to 17.9% in two samples with two different times of incubation. Staining of cat aggregate reticulocytes with thiazole orange and use of flow cytometric quantification is a reproducible technique that has a good correlation with the manual reticulocyte counting method.
Tanzanian Nurses Understanding and Practice of Spiritual Care

Spirituality, as a basic characteristic of humans and a contributor to human health, is regarded as part of nursing practice. The purpose of this study was to examine how Tanzanian nurses understand spirituality and spiritual care. Using the qualitative method of interpretive description, fifteen registered nurses engaged in clinical practice in a Tanzanian hospital were recruited to participate in this study. In-depth interviews using open-ended questions were carried out, tape-recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Data collection and inductive analysis occurred concurrently. In this paper, key findings are grouped under the following headings: meaning of spiritual care, recognition of spiritual needs, and interventions to respond to spiritual needs. Although there were some differences, overall participants' understanding of spirituality and spiritual care was similar to what is found in the literature about nurses in other countries. The provision of spiritual care also included some unique elements that may reflect the African context.