Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abnormalities of the p53 gene in juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia

Juvenile chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (JMML) is a rare myeloproliferative disorder of childhood. Fewer than 30% of cases of JMML terminate in a blast crisis; however, its molecular mechanism is unknown. Since mutation and/or deletion of the p53 gene has been reported to be associated with disease progression in a wide variety of human cancers, including adult‐type chronic myelogenous leukaemia, we studied the p53 gene in 20 patients with JMML (16 samples in chronic phase and seven at blast crisis). Exons 4–8 of the p53 gene, which cover all the hot spots of point mutations, were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and subjected to mutation screening by single‐strand conformation polymorphism analysis. No mobility shift of single‐strand DNA of PCR products in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating point mutations, was found in 19/20 patients. DNA of the remaining patient in the chronic phase failed to be amplified by PCR and Southern blot analysis with XbaI‐digested genomic DNA revealed a gross rearrangement (presumed deletion) of the p53 gene. These data indicate that abnormalities of the p53 gene are rare in JMML and not responsible for acute transformation, but could be involved in the pathogenesis of some cases of JMML.
Interpersonal problems among psychiatric outpatients and non-clinical samples.

INTRODUCTION The aims of this study were two-fold; to investigate the validity and reliability of the Thai version of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP) and to compare the characteristics of the interpersonal problems experienced in a non-clinical sample and psychiatric outpatients. METHODS A total of 689 subjects (452 non-clinical sample and 237 psychiatric outpatients) completed the IIP-32 and IIP-64, Symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90) and 16 Personality Factor (16 PF) Questionnaire, after which a four-week retest was carried out. Cronbach's alpha was used for internal consistency and the intra-class correlation coefficient was used to determine test-retest reliability. Factor analysis of the IIP sub-scales and Pearson's correlation were used for construct and concurrent validity. RESULTS Both versions of the IIP showed good internal consistency. Factor analysis revealed two factors that corresponded to the circumplex property. The expected correlation between the SCL-90 and 16 PF subscales reflected the level of concurrent validity. There was a significant difference in the cold, socially-inhibited and self-sacrificing subscales between the non-clinical and clinical samples, while major depressive disorder was found to have a significantly higher score in the subscales of the control dimension, i.e. the non-assertive, socially inhibited and self-sacrificing subscales, than the neurotic and non-clinical groups, whereas, the neurotic group differed from the normative sample in terms of the affiliation axis. CONCLUSION The IIP-64 and IIP-32 demonstrated their reliability and are suitable for use in either clinical or non-clinical setting.
Factor analysis in the development and refinement of clinical assessment instruments.

The goals of both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis are described and procedural guidelines for each approach are summarized, emphasizing the use of factor analysis in developing and refining clinical measures. For exploratory factor analysis, a rationale is presented for selecting between principal components analysis and common factor analysis depending on whether the research goal involves either identification of latent constructs or data reduction. Confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling is described for use in validating the dimensional structure of a measure. Additionally, the uses of confirmatory factor analysis for assessing the invariance of measures across samples and for evaluating multitrait-multimethod data are also briefly described. Suggestions are offered for handling common problems with item-level data, and examples illustrating potential difficulties with confirming dimensional structures from initial exploratory analyses are reviewed.
An Inquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals

Part 1: Introductory Material. How to Use this Book. List of Abbreviations. Editor's Introduction. 1: Life and Early Publishing History. 2: Hume's General Philosophy. 3: Background Controversies in Moral Philosophy. 4: Hume's Moral Philosophy. 5: The Structure of the Text. 6: Conclusion: Hume's Influence. The Text Printed in this Edition. Supplementary Reading. Part 2: The Text. An Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals. 1: Of the General Principles of Morals. 2: Of Benevolence. 3: Of Justice. 4: Of Political Society. 5: Why Utility Pleases. 6: Of Qualities Useful to Ourselves. 7: Of Qualities Immediately Agreeable to Ourselves. 8: Of Qualities Immediately Agreeable to Others. 9: Conclusion. Appendix 1. Concerning Moral Sentiment. Appendix 2. Of Self-love. Appendix 3. Some Farther Considerations with regard to Justice. Appendix 4. Of Some Verbal Disputes. A Dialogue. Part 3. Annotations to the Enquiry. Glossary. References. Index
Understanding students' perceptions of a high school course designed to enhance school connectedness.

BACKGROUND This study was a part of an evaluation of a 4-year high school course to enhance students' school connectedness from freshman to senior year with primarily an Asian and Pacific Islander student body in Hawai'i. The purpose of this study was to understand how the course may impact students' sense of school connectedness and identify factors important in course effectiveness. METHODS Focus group guides were developed in collaboration with course instructors. Approximately 70 students from each grade level were randomly selected to participate in focus groups. All focus groups occurred during the 30-minute lunch period and lunch was provided. RESULTS Focus groups conducted with 67 students revealed that students perceive teachers to play an essential role in the effectiveness of the course. Students also viewed the small class size and staying in the same class for all 4 years as important components in supporting the relationship-building aspect of the course, which enhances students' level of academic motivation and school involvement. Suggestions for ways that teachers can help build students' sense of school connectedness through the course included integrating their personal experiences into the lessons and facilitating more interactive discussions and team-building activities. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that students recognize the course as a valuable opportunity to build personal relationships that are essential to their sense of school connectedness. Schools should make more effort at incorporating strategies that build students' sense of school connectedness by providing relationship-building opportunities.
Androgen Deficiency and Erectile Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Background The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and low total serum testosterone (LST) has been identified in several cross-sectional studies. Objectives To assess the prevalence of androgen deficiency and erectile dysfunction (ED) and their relation to glycemic control within a sample of Egyptian men with T2DM. Research Design and Methods A cross-sectional study including 70 men having T2DM. Their ages ranged from 30 to 50 years. They were evaluated for symptoms of androgen deficiency and ED, using a validated Arabic-translated Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males questionnaire and five-items version of the International Index of Erectile Function-5, respectively. Total testosterone (TT), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin were measured for all study subjects. Penile hemodynamics was assessed using penile duplex study for subjects who gave history of ED. Results LST was found in 40% of studied men, and 92.9% of them reported overt symptoms of androgen deficiency. ED was detected in 85.7% of those with LST, as opposed to 31.0% of those with normal TT (P < 0.000). TT was lower in diabetic men with ED compared to those without ED (12.04 ± 5.36 vs 17.11 ± 7.11 nmol/L, P < 0.001). Significant negative correlation was found between TT and age, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and HBA1c (P < 0.00). FSH, LH, and prolactin levels were within the normal reference range in all subjects. HbA1c was higher in patients who had LST with ED, compared to those with normal TT and without ED. However, multivariate logistic regression analysis did not reveal a significant association between HBA1c and LST levels. Conclusion LST, symptoms of androgen deficiency, and ED are common in the studied sample of Egyptian men with T2DM. Inappropriately normal FSH and LH in face of LST may denote a state of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. HBA1c was found to be more significantly associated with ED than with LST.
Boundary layer length scales in convective turbulence

Profiles of both the mean value and the standard deviation of the local fluctuating velocity in turbulent convection in water have been directly measured using a light scattering technique. Scaling laws with the Rayleigh number Ra for various boundary layer quantities have been established over the range of Ra from $2.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}$ to $1.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{11}$, while the variation of the Prandtl number was kept at minimum $(\mathrm{Pr}\ensuremath{\simeq}7)$. In particular, a new boundary layer length scale is identified from the standard deviation profile, and is found to scale as ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{\ensuremath{\sigma}}\ensuremath{\sim}{\mathrm{Ra}}^{\ensuremath{-}0.25}$, whereas the velocity boundary layer thickness ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{v}\ensuremath{\sim}{\mathrm{Ra}}^{\ensuremath{-}0.16}$.
Effect of anterior cruciate ligament deficiency on economy of walking and jogging

The metabolic cost of walking and jogging following injury to the anterior cruciate ligament is unknown. Economy of motion refers to the oxygen consumption for a submaximal work rate. The purpose of this study was to compare the economy of walking and jogging of an anterior cruciate ligament‐deficient population with that of a control population without orthopaedic abnormalities. Steady‐state oxygen consumption was measured in 30 patients and 98 controls while they were on a treadmill at various speeds. Deficiency of the anterior cruciate ligament was diagnosed arthroscopically. The patients also were tested for isokinetic knee extension‐flexion strength, hip flexion, and abduction and adduction strength and underwent arthrometic measurement of anterior tibial displacement. The patients had a statistically significant increase in oxygen consumption when jogging at 160.9 m/min (p = 0.007); however, there was no significant effect of anterior cruciate ligament deficiency on economy at the other speeds tested. The patients had significant deficits in strength of all muscle groups tested. Steady‐state oxygen consumption at 160.9 m/min tended to be inversely related to the deficit of strength of knee flexion (r = −0.44, p = 0.07). Arthrometric measurements and chronicity of injury were unrelated to steady‐state oxygen consumption. These data indicate that anterior cruciate ligament deficiency increases oxygen consumption during jogging. In long‐distance running, this decreased economy translates into significant additional caloric requirements, which may result in earlier fatigue.
Affective processing in overwhelmed individuals: Strategic and task considerations

Previous research suggests that emotionally overwhelmed individuals (high affect intensity, intermediate attention to emotions, low clarity of emotions) attempt to counteract the influence of affective information. In five studies (ns=129, 177, 119, 339, 261), the current research found that task performance in overwhelmed individuals varied by current arousal and by whether affective influence occurred on evaluative versus non-evaluative tasks. Overwhelmed high current arousal participants exhibited decreased affective influence on evaluative tasks but increased affective influence on non-evaluative tasks. These results are consistent with the effects of active suppression of affective information, including ironic effects of monitoring for affective information. In contrast, overwhelmed low current arousal participants exhibited increased affective influence on evaluative tasks but decreased affective influence on non-evaluative tasks. These results are consistent with attentional avoidance of affective information. Overall, these results further suggest that overwhelmed individuals attempt to counteract the influence of affective information. Whether they are successful depends on their current arousal and how affect can influence performance.
Location, agglomeration and innovation: Towards regional innovation systems in Norway?

Abstract The theoretical part of the article examines the concept of regional innovation systems against the background of modern theories of innovation. The view of interactive learning as a fundamental aspect of the innovation process provides the ground for an interactive innovation model, which is greatly facilitated by geographical proximity and territorial agglomeration. The empirical part analyzes geographical variations in innovation activity in Norwegian industry, as well as examining more thoroughly innovation performance in two industrial agglomerations in Norway. On the basis of the theoretical clarification and empirical analyses carried out, the article finally discuss how to design a regional innovation policy for three main area types in Norway.
Long-term aspirin therapy for hepatopulmonary syndrome.

It is well known that arterial hypoxia can occur with chronic liver disease in adults as well as children.1-3 The clinical syndrome of hypoxia in association with liver disease has been called hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) or intrapulmonary vasodilative disease.3,4 In its classic form, HPS is a triad of abnormal arterial oxygenation, hepatic dysfunction, and pulmonary vascular dilation. The primary underlying disease of the hepatobiliary system is mainly liver cirrhosis or other chronic liver disease.4,5 The hypoxia is caused by either right-to-left shunting through arteriovenous connections within the lungs or a ventilation-perfusion imbalance caused by diffuse vasodilation of pulmonary arteries at the precapillary and capillary levels.1-3
Immunization of Woodchucks with Plasmids Expressing Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus (WHV) Core Antigen and Surface Antigen Suppresses WHV Infection

ABSTRACT DNA vaccination can induce humoral and cellular immune response to viral antigens and confer protection to virus infection. In woodchucks, we tested the protective efficacy of immune response to woodchuck hepatitis core antigen (WHcAg) and surface antigen (WHsAg) of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) elicited by DNA-based vaccination. Plasmids pWHcIm and pWHsIm containing WHV c- or pre-s2/s genes expressed WHcAg and WHsAg in transient transfection assays. Pilot experiments in mice revealed that a single intramuscular injection of 100 μg of plasmid pWHcIm DNA induced an anti-WHcAg titer over 1:300 that was enhanced by boost injections. However, two injections of 100 μg of pWHcIm did not induce detectable anti-WHcAg in woodchucks. With an increase in the dose to 1 mg of pWHcIm per injection, transient anti-WHcAg response and WHcAg-specific proliferation of peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PMBCs) appeared in woodchucks after repeated immunizations. Four woodchucks vaccinated with pWHcIm were challenged with 104or 105 of the WHV 50% infective dose. They remained negative for markers of WHV replication (WHV DNA and WHsAg) in peripheral blood and developed anti-WHs in week 5 after challenge. In contrast, woodchucks not immunized or immunized with the control vector pcDNA3 developed acute WHV infection. Two woodchucks immunized with 1 mg of pWHsIm developed WHsAg-specific proliferative response of PBMCs but no measurable anti-WHsAg response. A rapid anti-WHsAg response developed during week 2 after virus challenge. Neither woodchuck developed any signs of WHV infection. These data indicate that DNA-based vaccination with WHcAg and WHsAg can elicit immunity to WHV infection.
THE ORIGIN OF THE MASS–METALLICITY RELATION: INSIGHTS FROM 53,000 STAR-FORMING GALAXIES IN THE SDSS

We utilize Sloan Digital Sky Survey imaging and spectroscop y f ∼53,000 star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 0.1 to study the relation between stellar mass and gas-phase met allicity. We derive gas-phase oxygen abundances and stellar masses using new techniques which make use of the latest stellar evolutionary synthesis and photoionization models. We find a tight ( ±0.1 dex) correlation between stellar mass and metallicity s panning over 3 orders of magnitude in stellar mass and a factor of 10 in metallicity. The relation is relatively steep from 108.5 1010.5 M⊙h 70, in good accord with known trends between luminosity and met allicity, but flattens above 10 10.5 M⊙. We use indirect estimates of the gas mass based on the H α luminosity to compare our data to predictions from simple closed box chemical evoluti n models. We show that metal loss is strongly anti-correlated with baryonic mass, with low mass dwarf gal axies being 5 times more metal-depleted than L ∗ galaxies at z ∼ 0.1. Evidence for metal depletion is not confined to dwarf galax ies, but is found in galaxies with masses as high as 10 10 M⊙. We interpret this as strong evidence both of the ubiquity of galactic winds and of their effectiveness in removing metals from galaxy potenti al wells. Subject headings: galaxies:abundances — galaxies: evolution — galaxies: fun damental parameters — galaxies: statistics
From Marginality to Social Exclusion: From Laissez Faire to Pervasive Engagement

This paper derives from a LARR-sponsored forum at the LASA 2003 Congress held in Dallas in March 2003. Targeted at younger scholars, a panel of leading researchers whose early work was shaped by marginality and dependency thinking of the 1960s were invited to reflect cross-generationally about how paradigms analyzing poverty in Latin American cities have shifted from that time to the present. Specifically, each of the authors compares "marginality" as it was construed more than three decades ago with contemporary constructions of poverty and social organization arising from their more recent research. While there are important continuities, the authors concur that the so-called "new poverty" today is very different, being more structural, more segmented and, perhaps paradoxically, more exclusionary than before. Moreover, the shift from a largely patrimonialist and undemocratic state towards one that, while more democratic, is also slimmer and downsized, thereby shifting state intervention and welfare systems ever more to local level governments and to the quasi-private sector of nongovernmental organizations. If earlier marginality theory overemphasized the separation of the poor from the mainstream, today's new poverty is often embedded within structures of social exclusion that severely reduce opportunities for social mobility among the urban poor.
CO-Releasing Molecules Have Nonheme Targets in Bacteria: Transcriptomic, Mathematical Modeling and Biochemical Analyses of CORM-3 [Ru(CO)3Cl(glycinate)] Actions on a Heme-Deficient Mutant of Escherichia coli

Abstract Aims: Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) are being developed with the ultimate goal of safely utilizing the therapeutic potential of CO clinically, including applications in antimicrobial therapy. Hemes are generally considered the prime targets of CO and CORMs, so we tested this hypothesis using heme-deficient bacteria, applying cellular, transcriptomic, and biochemical tools. Results: CORM-3 [Ru(CO)3Cl(glycinate)] readily penetrated Escherichia coli hemA bacteria and was inhibitory to these and Lactococcus lactis, even though they lack all detectable hemes. Transcriptomic analyses, coupled with mathematical modeling of transcription factor activities, revealed that the response to CORM-3 in hemA bacteria is multifaceted but characterized by markedly elevated expression of iron acquisition and utilization mechanisms, global stress responses, and zinc management processes. Cell membranes are disturbed by CORM-3. Innovation: This work has demonstrated for the first time that CORM-3 (and to a lesser extent its inactivated counterpart) has multiple cellular targets other than hemes. A full understanding of the actions of CORMs is vital to understand their toxic effects. Conclusion: This work has furthered our understanding of the key targets of CORM-3 in bacteria and raises the possibility that the widely reported antimicrobial effects cannot be attributed to classical biochemical targets of CO. This is a vital step in exploiting the potential, already demonstrated, for using optimized CORMs in antimicrobial therapy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 23, 148–162.
When Timing Matters: The Influence of Temporal Distance on Consumers' Affective and Persuasive Responses

Existing theorizing suggests that consumers should experience more intense affective reactions when a positive outcome is missed (short temporal distance) than when its occurrence is relatively remote (long temporal distance). Two studies are reported that explore why and when these effects occur and whether they also occur for persuasion responses. The findings indicate that this effect is likely to occur and influence persuasion only when people's involvement with the message issue is low rather than high. This observation together with findings obtained on a thought-listing task provide evidence that variations in temporal distance seem to operate by altering people's motivation to scrutinize a situation and evoke thoughts about alternative outcomes that might have been. Copyright 1992 by the University of Chicago.
Analyzing red blood cell-deformability distributions.

BACKGROUND Red blood cells (RBCs) must deform to pass the smallest capillaries of the microcirculation. Available techniques for measuring RBC deformability often provide an indication of the mean deformability. The latter may be decreased either by a slight overall deformability reduction or by the presence of a small fraction of rigid cells. A distinction between these two cases can be made with a RBC-deformability distribution (RBC-DD). METHODS This paper explores RBC-DDs of healthy individuals and of cells with anomalous mechanical properties (sickle cell disease, dialysis patients, elliptocytosis, and cultivated malaria tropica). The distributions were measured with an automated rheoscope, which uses advanced image analysis techniques to obtain the deformability index of a large number of individual cells subjected to simple shear flow. RESULTS The RBC-DD of healthy volunteers is close to a normal distribution. In the investigated patients, distributions were markedly different and yielded significant changes in the mean, in the standard deviation, or in both. The presence of hypodeformable and hyperdeformable cell fractions can qualitatively and quantitatively be assessed from the deformability distribution (DD). In elliptocytosis, cells orient differently with respect to the streamlines, compared to normal cells. This causes the DD to be biased. CONCLUSIONS The RBC-DD is a powerful representation to establish subpopulations with anomalous deformability. Fractions of hypodeformable and hyperdeformable cells and the standard deviation of the DD are new and excellent quantitative parameters to assess alterations in RBC deformability.