Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cervical Carotid Artery Dissection: Current Review of Diagnosis and Treatment

Carotid artery dissection is a cause of stroke, especially in young and middle-aged patients. A dissection occurs when there is an intimal tear or rupture of the vasa vasorum, leading to an intramural hematoma, which is thought to result from trauma or can occur spontaneously, and is likely multifactorial, involving environmental and intrinsic factors. The clinical diagnosis of carotid artery dissection can be challenging, with common presentations including pain, partial Horner syndrome, cranial nerve palsies, or cerebral ischemia. With the use of noninvasive imaging, including magnetic resonance and computed tomography angiography, the diagnosis of carotid dissection has increased in frequency. Treatment options include thrombolysis, antiplatelet or anticoagulation therapy, endovascular or surgical interventions. The choice of appropriate therapy remains controversial as most carotid dissections heal on their own and there are no randomized trials to compare treatment options.
Filler reinforced acrylic denture base material. Part 2- Effect of water sorption on dimensional changes and transverse strength.

Background: PMMA considered the most commonly used for complete dentures. It absorbs a small amount of water which exerts significant effect on its properties. Effect of water on dimensional changes and transverse strength of filler reinforced PMMA were investigated in this study. Materials and methods: Different types of fillers were used: Kevlar (6%), glass fibers (5%) by weight in mat and unidirectional forms, zirconium oxide particles (5%) were used, which was added to acrylic resin. The dimensional changes: after processing, drying, and immersion in water for one month were measured. Transverse strength was measured for three periods (after deflasking, after two days, and after one month in water). Results: least dimensional changes was observed in samples with Kevlar unidirectional, they cause about 75.18% reduction in shrinkage, while with glass unidirectional cause 48.33%. A significant reduction in shrinkage was observed with Kevlar and glass reinforced samples in mat form. The addition of Kevlar unidirectional into acrylic resin caused an increase in transverse strength of about (18.5%) after deflasking, and (14%) after one month in water, the decrease in strength in this group after one month in water was about 12.9% when compared to that after deflasking. The transverse strength of samples with zirconia results in slight decreased in strength but was non significant. Conclusion: The presence of fibers decreases the dimensional changes, and fiber form had an effect on it. The transverse strength of PMMA was increased by the presence of fibers. The strength decreased with water immersion, but fiber reinforced samples remain of higher strength.
Lifestyle and risk of developing open-angle glaucoma: the Rotterdam study.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether lifestyle-related risk factors, such as socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity, are associated with open-angle glaucoma (OAG). METHODS Participants from the Rotterdam Study, a prospective population-based cohort study, were considered eligible if they participated at both baseline and follow-up and if they had no OAG at baseline. All participants underwent an identical ophthalmologic examination at all visits, including intraocular pressure measurements, optic nerve head assessment, and perimetry. Lifestyle-related factors were assessed by questionnaires by trained research assistants or measured during the examinations (body mass index and waist to hip ratio). Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was applied to calculate hazard ratios. RESULTS Of 3939 eligible participants, 108 (2.7%) developed OAG during 9.7 years' mean follow-up. No statistically significant effect of socioeconomic status, smoking, or alcohol intake was found. In women, each unit increase in body mass index resulted in a 7% decrease in the risk of developing OAG (P = .04). There was a significant increasing effect of body mass index on intraocular pressure (P < .001) in women. CONCLUSIONS Obesity appears to be associated with a higher intraocular pressure and a lower risk of developing OAG. These associations were only present in women. Other lifestyle-related factors, such as socioeconomic status, smoking, and alcohol consumption, were not associated with OAG.
Finding Celebrities in Video

We present a system for finding celebrities in videos that uses face information in conjunction with text or speech. We achieve an approximate tripling of precision for searches over the use of transcripts or speech alone. Our work is motivated by the recent growth of personal video recording devices such as TiVo, which makes watching television more like information retrieval. We use a large dataset consisting of 13.5 hours of commercial video, which presents a challenging speech and face recognition environment. Faces are extracted using a face detector and processed via kernel PCA, LDA for use in one-vs-many SVM face classifiers. We evaluate two scenarios, one where transcripts are provided and the other more difficult scenario with speech as the only language cue. Wordspotting over audio is done using an HMM and SVM combination. We demonstrate our system’s improved retrieval under realistic conditions using video recorded directly from television.
Control Criticisms of Strain Theories: An Assessment of Theoretical and Empirical Adequacy

Strain theories have been subjected to a number of theoretical and empirical criticisms, resulting in a decline in strain-oriented research. A review of those criticisms finds that theoretical objections are largely self-contradictory, and empirical studies that focus on seriously delinquent populations provide considerable support. Separate causal processes may be at work in basically nondelinquent but somewhat “wild” youths.
Making Sense of East Asian Self-Enhancement

The question of whether self-enhancing motivations are present or exist in attenuated form in East Asia is important and has recently sparked much research interest, as is evident in the articles in this special issue. Some of the articles contributed to the notion that East Asian self-enhancement is elusive and others made the case that it is present, although various artifacts prevent us from seeing it clearly. The arguments that are raised in the different articles are discussed with respect to how they advance our understanding of East Asian self-enhancement and how they are able to account for findings from past literature.
CHAPTER 18 Place-Based Policies

Place-based policies commonly target underperforming areas, such as deteriorating downtown business districts and disadvantaged regions. Principal examples include enterprise zones, European Union Structural Funds, and industrial cluster policies. Place-based policies are rationalized by various hypotheses in urban and labor economics, such as agglomeration economies and spatial mismatch— hypotheses that entail market failures and often predict overlap between poor economic performance and disadvantaged residents. The evidence on enterprise zones is very mixed. We need to know more about what features of enterprise zone policies make them more effective or less effective, who gains and who loses from these policies, and how we can reconcile the existing findings. Some evidence points to positive benefits of infrastructure expenditure and also investment in higher education and university research—likely because of the public-goods nature of these policies. However, to better guide policy, we need to know more about what policies create self-sustaining longer run gains.
Acute whole body vibration training increases vertical jump and flexibility performance in elite female field hockey players

Objective: To quantify the acute effect of whole body vibration (WBV) training on arm countermovement vertical jump (ACMVJ), grip strength, and flexibility performance. Methods: Eighteen female elite field hockey players each completed three interventions of WBV, control, and cycling in a balanced random manner. WBV was performed on a Galileo machine (26 Hz) with six different exercises being performed. For the control, the same six exercises were performed at 0 Hz, whilst cycling was performed at 50 W. Each intervention was 5 min in duration with ACMVJ, grip strength, and flexibility measurements being conducted pre and post intervention. Results: There was a positive interaction effect (intervention×pre-post) of enhanced ACMVJ (p<0.001) and flexibility (p<0.05) parameters following WBV; however no changes were observed after the control and cycling interventions. There was no interaction effect for grip strength following the three interventions. Conclusions: Acute WBV causes neural potentiation of the stretch reflex loop as shown by the improved ACMVJ and flexibility performance. Additionally, muscle groups less proportionally exposed to vibration do not exhibit physiological changes that potentiate muscular performance.
Management of Rectal Cancer and Liver Metastatic Disease: Which Comes First?

In the last few decades there have been significant changes in the approach to rectal cancer management. A multimodality approach and advanced surgical techniques have led to an expansion of the treatment of metastatic disease, with improved survival. Hepatic metastases are present at one point or another in about 50% of patients with colorectal cancer, with surgical resection being the only chance for cure. As the use of multimodality treatment has allowed the tackling of more complicated cases, one of the main questions that remain unanswered is the management of patients with synchronous rectal cancer and hepatic metastatic lesions. The question is one of priority, with all possible options being explored. Specifically, these include the simultaneous rectal cancer and hepatic metastases resection, the rectal cancer followed by chemotherapy and then by the liver resection, and finally the “liver-first” option. This paper will review the three treatment options and attempt to dissect the indications for each. In addition, the role of laparoscopy in the synchronous resection of rectal cancer and hepatic metastases will be reviewed in order to identify future trends.
Developing Authentic Leadership Within a Training Context

Based on semistructured interviews with 24 mid-level managers, this study examines the process of developing authentic leadership in a training context. The results revealed a process beginning with an exploration phase, in which participants increased their self-awareness and identified their leadership issues, identified new behaviors likely to address those issues, and tested those behaviors to confirm their effect. This was followed by an integration phase in which the participants reflected on the beneficial effects of those new behaviors and were able to adopt them in their organizational setting. The results also indicate that three phenomena activated by the training practices enable the participants to develop their authentic leadership, namely, a clamp effect, a safety-net effect, and an organizational simulation effect.
Stability criterion for load frequency control with delays

Time delays are widespread in power systems since communication networks can be used to send and receive information. In this paper, the influence of time-varying and constant delay on the stability of single area load frequency system is investigated. A comparative method to handle delay margins is presented. The maximum delay time when a power system is embedded into a steady state is treated as the delay margin of stability analysis. The main task of this paper is to calculate the upper bound of the maximal delay margin and reduce the conservatism of the previous methods. First, This paper investigates the stability about time-varying and constant delays of the LFC scheme based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) techniques. Second, a novel Lyapunov-Krasovskii function (LKF) is set up in which some new theories linked to the solving process of LKF. Finally, the superiority of the control method is verified by simulation.
Cultural capital and distinction: aspirations of the ‘other’ foreign student

This article explores the perceived role of UK international education as foreign cultural capital, obtained outside the UK, in facilitating middle-class social mobility. Drawing on interviews with students in Malaysia, it extends Bourdieu’s concept of cultural capital to explain understandings of the rewards and limitations of undertaking UK education externally. I argue that foreign cultural capital has positive exchange value and an under-researched negative value. I discuss how accumulating local cultural capital is a strategic response to the shortcomings of western knowledge, skills and dispositions. Age, ethnicity, gender and nationality add complexities to the conversion of cultural capital into economic and social advantages. I conclude by arguing for more visibility of external modes of UK international education and the positional possibilities they represent to foreign students seeking distinction within the rapidly expanding global academic marketplace.
Computer Attitude, Use, Experience, Software Familiarity and Perceived Pedagogical Usefulness: The Case of Mathematics Professors.

As the pedagogical-effectiveness of information technology (IT) in mathematics education is carefully established the topic of discourse among mathematicians and mathematics educators is no longer a dispute about whether or not to use IT in the teaching and learning of mathematics but a shift to some debate about the when and how of its usage. Under this dispensation, both researchers and educators have emphasized the role that teachers' attitudes toward information technology play as a crucial factor in the successful use of computers in the teaching and learning of mathematics. In this paper, we seek to study and examine the attitude of mathematics professors toward computers. In addition, the paper also investigates the effects of age and computer experience on computer attitude, usage, software familiarity, and perceived pedagogical usefulness. The broader perspective of the paper has drawn its input from more than fifty five percent (55%) of the mathematical sciences faculty of King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals who participated in a survey conducted as feedback for the paper. Measurement tools deployed in this regard were a slightly modified Computer Attitude Scale (CAS) by Loyd and Gressard (1984), and the Pedagogical Use (PU) unit of the Computer Attitude Scale for Teachers (CAST) by Yuen and Ma (2001). The acquired data was analyzed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Although both ANOVA and Duncan multiple comparison revealed that Age and computer experience did not affect attitudes towards computers and their pedagogical usefulness, the raw data nonetheless does show some trend towards that. From the result, one can conclude that mathematics professors not only have positive attitude towards computers, but seems convinced of the positive role that computers can play in the teaching and learning of mathematics. The only aggravating factor is the technical know-how and concomitant experience that are essential in guiding pedagogical activities towards effective and proper utilization of these technologies.
Quadratic stability of a class of switched nonlinear systems

Quadratic stability of a class of switched nonlinear systems is studied in this note. We first transform quadratic stability problem into an equivalent nonlinear programming problem. Then, we derive a necessary and sufficient condition for quadratic stability of this class of switched systems by using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker condition for nonlinear programming problems. The necessary and sufficient condition is given in terms of the strict completeness of a certain set of functions on a subset of the state space, which is much easier to check.
Lugares e nao lugares em Marc Auge

"Non-places", a term first used by Marc Auge in 1992 in his book Non-Lieux, runs through his work as the embodiment of something fundamental to understanding contemporary society. In this article we try to clarify the meaning, or multiple meanings, attributed by the author to this term, examining among other things the discussion on the shopping centre as a "non-place" and looking for similarities and differences between "non-places" and the "space of flows" (Castells). The question that always seems to underpin Marc Auge's thought is whether and how non-places"' can cause us to lose ourselves as a group, a society, such that isolated 'lone' individuals come to prevail.
Researching researchers: lessons for research ethics

There is widespread debate about ethical practice in social research with most social researchers arguing that situational relativist approaches are appropriate for resolving the ethical issues that emerge. In this article, we draw on research conducted on an ESRC-funded study of informed consent in social research to explore the ethical issues that are raised when conducting research with one’s peers. The study involved conducting focus groups and telephone interviews with academic and non-academic researchers. The ethical issues emerging from the study related to consent, data ownership and the management of confidentiality and anonymity. Participants’ responses to these issues and the ways that we managed them are discussed. We conclude by exploring the implications of this study for research more generally and argue that the increased regulation of research needs to enable researchers to attend reflexively to the social context in which consent takes place.
Intersections of lung progenitor cells, lung disease and lung cancer

The use of stem cell biology approaches to study adult lung progenitor cells and lung cancer has brought a variety of new techniques to the field of lung biology and has elucidated new pathways that may be therapeutic targets in lung cancer. Recent results have begun to identify the ways in which different cell populations interact to regulate progenitor activity, and this has implications for the interventions that are possible in cancer and in a variety of lung diseases. Today's better understanding of the mechanisms that regulate lung progenitor cell self-renewal and differentiation, including understanding how multiple epigenetic factors affect lung injury repair, holds the promise for future better treatments for lung cancer and for optimising the response to therapy in lung cancer. Working between platforms in sophisticated organoid culture techniques, genetically engineered mouse models of injury and cancer, and human cell lines and specimens, lung progenitor cell studies can begin with basic biology, progress to translational research and finally lead to the beginnings of clinical trials. Stem cell biology has brought new techniques to the lung field and has elucidated possible therapeutic pathways http://ow.ly/h74x30cA6Lo
Bossnapping: Situating Repertoires of Industrial Action in National and Global Contexts

French industrial relations were shaken in the spring of 2009 by a series of labour struggles which featured the forcible detention of company managers and threats to commit major acts of sabotage. In this article I focus on the first of these two types of action, placing industrial sequestration in the context of the pattern of collective negotiation processes in France, and comparing it with previous cycles of the same phenomenon, particularly in the post-1968 period. I argue that the current cycle of sequestrations needs to be understood as a response to the deterritorialisation processes of neo-liberal globalisation, and is the product of asymmetries of power between the fixity of labour and the fluidity of global capital. I conclude by arguing that sequestration is a public melodrama of protest which might point to the development of a resistant politics of corporeality in France, in common with struggles in other social and economic sectors.
The evolution of cognition—a hypothesis

Behavior may be controlled by reactive systems. In a reactive system the motor output is exclusively driven by actual sensory input. An alternative solution to control behavior is given by “cognitive” systems capable of planning ahead. To this end the system has to be equipped with some kind of internal world model. A sensible basis of an internal world model might be a model of the system’s own body. I show that a reactive system with the ability to control a body of complex geometry requires only a slight reorganization to form a cognitive system. This implies that the assumption that the evolution of cognitive properties requires the introduction of new, additional modules, namely internal world models, is not justified. Rather, these modules may already have existed before the system obtained cognitive properties. Furthermore, I discuss whether the occurrence of such world models may lead to systems having internal perspective. © 2002 Cognitive Science Society, Inc. All rights reserved.
Critical issues in state-of-the-art brain–computer interface signal processing

This paper reviews several critical issues facing signal processing for brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) and suggests several recent approaches that should be further examined. The topics were selected based on discussions held during the 4th International BCI Meeting at a workshop organized to review and evaluate the current state of, and issues relevant to, feature extraction and translation of field potentials for BCIs. The topics presented in this paper include the relationship between electroencephalography and electrocorticography, novel features for performance prediction, time-embedded signal representations, phase information, signal non-stationarity, and unsupervised adaptation.
Soziale Ungleichheit und Gesundheit im Kindes- und Jugendalter

Eine Vielzahl nationaler und internationaler Studien weist darauf hin, dass ein enger Zusammenhang zwischen dem sozialen Status und der Gesundheit besteht (Abb. 1) [1–3]. Mit dem Begriff des sozialen Status wird Bezug genommen auf die sozioökonomischen Lebensbedingungen und sozialen Teilhabechancen der Menschen und zum Ausdruck gebracht, dass diese auch in Wohlfahrtsstaaten wie Deutschland ungleich verteilt sind. Zur Bestimmung des sozialen Status und Abgrenzung von eher benachteiligten bzw. begünstigten Statuslagen wird zumeist auf Informationen zum Bildungsniveau, zur beruflichen Stellung und zur Einkommenssituation zurückgegriffen [4].
The Functional Assessment of Challenging Behaviour: A Comparison of Informant-based, Experimental and Descriptive Methods

The function of 121 challenging behaviours displayed by 20 people with severe intellectual disabilities was assessed using informant-based, experimental and descriptive methods. The results suggest that informant-based, descriptive and experimental approaches to assessment vary with regards to (1) the probability of ascribing functions across a range of challenging behaviours; (2) die types and characteristics of behaviours to which functions are more likely to be ascribed; (3) the types of functions which are likely to be identified; and (4) the probability with which they identify multiple functions. The results also suggest that the level of agreement between different approaches was disappointingly poor. It is suggested that, at present, the routine clinical application of functional assessment ought to be based on the construction of an individually-tailored multiple assessment format based on a pre-assessment of topography, environmental and person-related variables. Attention is also drawn to the importance of staff training to enhance the performance of informant-based methods and the further development of non-experimental approaches to functional assessment.