Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure of Acculturation Attitudes and their Relationships with Personality and Psychological Adaptation: A Study with Immigrant and National Samples in Germany

This contribution deals with the structure of acculturation attitudes and their relationship with personality dimensions and psychological adaptation. Based on two German samples—an immigrant and a national one— evidence suggests that four independent factors are underlying acculturation styles as assessed with the Acculturation Attitudes Styles (AAS). Integration, Assimilation, Separation, and Marginalization are independent, lowly correlated constructs and represent distinct modes of coping with acculturation demands. Analyses also demonstrate that each acculturation factor shows a specific pattern of personality characteristics, including basic temperament dimensions, cognitive styles, coping, and components of emotional intelligence. Finally, the four acculturation styles can predict psychological adaptation such as wellbeing, happiness, etc. Integration is the most adaptive acculturation strategy, whereas Separation and Marginalization most strongly predict negative outcomes.
Associations between coping, thought control and psychological distress

Abstract Ways of coping with stressful situations can be categorized as problem-focused, emotion-focused, and dysfunctional. Methods of controlling intrusive thoughts, which are frequently associated with psychological distress, have also been classified into different subgroups. This study assesses associations between methods of coping and thought control, and how these relate to distress. Sixty-eight participants were recruited from outpatient psychology services and completed measures of distress, coping, and thought control. Problem-focused coping strategies and both distraction and social thought-control strategies were associated with each other and with lower distress. Conversely, dysfunctional coping strategies and both worry and punishment thought-control strategies were associated with each other and with higher distress. Future research and the clinical implications are discussed.
CIRCUMBINARY MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC ACCRETION INTO INSPIRALING BINARY BLACK HOLES

We have simulated the magnetohydrodynamic evolution of a circumbinary disk surrounding an equal-mass binary comprising two non-spinning black holes during the period in which the disk inflow time is comparable to the binary evolution time due to gravitational radiation. Both the changing spacetime and the binary orbital evolution are described by an innovative technique utilizing high-order post-Newtonian approximations. Prior to the beginning of the inspiral, the structure of the circumbinary disk is predicted well by extrapolation from Newtonian results: a gap of roughly two binary separation radii is cleared, and matter piles up at the outer edge of this gap as inflow is retarded by torques exerted by the binary; the accretion rate is roughly half its value at large radius. During inspiral, the inner edge of the disk initially moves inward in coordination with the shrinking binary, but—as the orbital evolution accelerates—the inward motion of the disk edge falls behind the rate of binary compression. In this stage, the binary torque falls substantially, but the accretion rate decreases by only 10%–20%. When the binary separation is tens of gravitational radii, the rest-mass efficiency of disk radiation is a few percent, suggesting that supermassive binary black holes could be very luminous at this stage of their evolution. Inner disk heating is modulated at a beat frequency comparable to the binary orbital frequency. However, a disk with sufficient surface density to be luminous may be optically thick, suppressing periodic modulation of the luminosity.
Virus Nanoparticles Mediated Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

There are few methodologies that allow manipulating a biomaterial surface at nanometer scale, which controllably influence different cellular functions. In this study, virus nanoparticles with different structural features are selected to prepare 2D substrates with defined nanoscale topographies and the cellular responses are investigated. It is demonstrated that the viral nanoparticle based substrates could accelerate and enhance osteogenesis of bone derived mesenchymal stem cells as indicated by the upregulation of osteogenic markers, including bone morphogenetic protein‐2, osteocalcin, and osteopontin, at both gene and protein expression levels. Moreover, alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium mineralization, both indicators for a successful bone formation, are also increased in cells grown on these nanoscale possessed substrates. These discoveries and developments present a new paradigm for nanoscale engineering of a biomaterial surface.
Tipping point for the future scalable OXC: what size MxM WSS is needed?

We propose a highly scalable and compact optical-node architecture that combines the subsystemmodular optical cross-connect (OXC) and transponderbank add/drop, where multiple M × M wavelength-selective switches are effectively introduced. Numerical experiments verify that the proposed architecture offers large-scale nodes with substantially relaxed hardware requirements while holding the fiber-utilization offset to a minimal level.
The Bayesian Operating Point of the Canny Edge Detector

We have investigated the operating point of the Canny edge detector which minimizes the Bayes risk of misclassification. By considering each of the sequential stages which constitute the Canny algorithm, we conclude that the linear filtering stage of Canny, without postprocessing, performs very poorly by any standard in pattern recognition and achieves error rates which are almost indistinguishable from a priori classification. We demonstrate that the edge detection performance of the Canny detector is due almost entirely to the postprocessing stages of nonmaximal suppression and hysteresis thresholding
In vivo analysis of cadherin function in the mouse intestinal epithelium: essential roles in adhesion, maintenance of differentiation, and regulation of programmed cell death

A model system is described for defining the physiologic functions of mammalian cadherins in vivo. 129/Sv embryonic stem (ES) cells, stably transfected with a dominant negative N-cadherin mutant (NCAD delta) under the control of a promoter that only functions in postmitotic enterocytes during their rapid, orderly, and continuous migration up small intestinal villi, were introduced into normal C57B1/6 (B6) blastocysts. In adult B6<->129/Sv chimeric mice, each villus receives the cellular output of several surrounding monoclonal crypts. A polyclonal villus located at the boundary of 129/Sv- and B6-derived intestinal epithelium contains vertical coherent bands of NCAD delta- producing enterocytes plus adjacent bands of normal B6-derived enterocytes. A comparison of the biological properties of these cell populations established that NCAD delta disrupts cell-cell and cell- matrix contacts, increases the rate of migration of enterocytes along the crypt-villus axis, results in a loss of their differentiated polarized phenotype, and produces precocious entry into a death program. These data indicate that enterocytic cadherins are critical cell survival factors that actively maintain intestinal epithelial function in vivo.
The problem of accuracy in dietary surveys. Analysis of the over 65 UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey

STUDY OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and nature of low energy reporting in a dietary survey of British adults over 65 years of age. DESIGN Randomly selected cross sectional sample of 2060 British adults over 65 years. Four day weighed food diaries and questionnaires on health, lifestyle and socioeconomic characteristics. SETTING Great Britain. PARTICIPANTS 539 women and 558 men over 65 years who were free living and completed four day food diaries. MAIN RESULTS A high proportion of men and women were classified as low energy reporters (LERs). Reported consumption of full fat dairy products, sugar and sweet foods, and alcoholic drinks differed most between LERs and non-LERs. Among LERs, reported protein and starch intakes were higher, fat, sugar and alcohol intakes were lower. LERs of either sex were more likely to be obese, male LERs were also more likely to belong to the manual social classes. CONCLUSIONS The high level of low energy reporting probably resulted from a coalescence of factors such as the weighed diary methodology and a reluctance to report consumption of unhealthy foods. The use of validatory biomarkers such as doubly labelled water needs to be more widespread.
EFFECTS OF A TEACHING GAMES FOR UNDERSTANDING PROGRAM ON PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PATTERNS

The promotion of regular exercise and the adoption of lifelong activity habits is undoubtedly one of the primary goals of school Physical Education (PE). To this direction, game-based PE teaching approaches are utilized by practitioners as a means for both launching students’ in-class Physical Activity (PA) levels and promoting wider-base curriculum learning outcomes. As an approach of this kind, the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) model is widely used as a game-based approach aiming at developing students’ tactical skills and knowledge. Up to nowadays, only a limited amount of research has tested the impact of TGfU on students’ PA levels during PE instruction time. Therefore, the aim of the present research was to evaluate the effects of a TGfU intervention program on primary school students’ patterns of PA. Sixteen third and fourth grade students (mean age=9.2 years, SD 0.7) from two public schools in Athens, Greece, participated in a TGfU intervention program, that took place during their regularly planned PE classes. Students’ PA levels were assessed at baseline and six-weeks follow-up, within a 10-minute four vs four handball game. PA measures were obtained both quantitatively by using pedometers (steps per minute) and qualitatively through direct observation with the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time (SOFIT). The comparison of students’ pre-and-post measures showed that although students’ movement intensity was higher at the end of the intervention, their PA behaviors did not differ significantly between the two time points. These findings were attributed both to the development of students’ game skills and competence and the short duration of the evaluation period. Results suggest that judgments about the health-related usefulness of the TGfU model should be based on multiple-source and long-duration assessment procedures. Article visualizations:
Social Engineering in the Context of Cialdini's Psychology of Persuasion and Personality Traits

This thesis shows that social engineering mainly relies on peripheral route persuasion and that consequently, Cialdini’s principles of influence can be used to explain how social engineering attacks work. It is further shown by a comprehensive literature review that individual values of personality traits relate to social engineering susceptibility. Based on these arguments, a framework is proposed, which can help to guide future research. Suggestions to plausible relations between the personality traits of the Big 5 Theory and the principles of influence are made. These relations need to be evaluated by future research. Lastly, an integrated approach to prevention against social engineering attacks is proposed, which combines penetration tests using social engineering, security awareness trainings, and the development of a security-aware organizational culture. The methodology used in conducting this investigation is a theoretical, positive research approach. Extensive literature reviews have been conducted on social engineering, psychology of persuasion and the influence of personality traits on the success of social engineering attacks. Based on an analysis and discussion of these reviews, proposals for a new framework and a prevention approach have been developed.
Old Hierarchies or New Networks of Centrality?

Using a combination of domain names and user counts, this article provides an assessment of the global distribution of Internet content creation at the national and urban levels and the structure of the supply and demand for this content at the national level. Theories of export-based development are used to assess the strengths and weaknesses of countries' Internet presence and the ramifications of this for future development.
Exploring early language detection in balanced bilingual children: The impact of language-specificity on cross-linguistic nonword recognition

Aims and objectives: Recent findings on the mechanisms of lexical access suggest that bilinguals are sensitive to the orthographic structure of their languages. Several studies have demonstrated that if presented with language-specific sub-lexical information, bilingual adults use this information to speed up word recognition, which provides evidence for language-selective lexical access. In the present study, we investigated the presence of such an early language detection mechanism in children. Methodology: Forty-six balanced bilingual third-graders performed two seemingly monolingual lexical decision tasks, one in English and one in German, including nonwords with different degrees of word-likeness in each language. Data and analysis: Accuracy scores and reaction times were analyzed for nonwords using mixed-effects models with the statistical software R. Findings: Results show no impact of language-specific sub-lexical information on children’s performance in either task. We argue that bilingual lexical access is initially language-nonselective, and that sensitivity to language-specific orthographic structures first emerges over time. In contrast to bilingual adults, language detection in bilingual children is exclusively based on lexical information. Originality: The present study provides first data on the detection mechanism for language membership at the early stages of bilingual reading development. We are the first to demonstrate an important difference in the architecture of the bilingual lexicon between children and adults. Implications: Findings contribute to knowledge on the development of lexical access in bilinguals and pose limitations to the generalizability of the Bilingual Interactive Activation Plus (BIA+) extended model.
Cardiomyocytes fuse with surrounding noncardiomyocytes and reenter the cell cycle

The concept of the plasticity or transdifferentiation of adult stem cells has been challenged by the phenomenon of cell fusion. In this work, we examined whether neonatal cardiomyocytes fuse with various somatic cells including endothelial cells, cardiac fibroblasts, bone marrow cells, and endothelial progenitor cells spontaneously in vitro. When cardiomyocytes were cocultured with endothelial cells or cardiac fibroblasts, they fused and showed phenotypes of cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, cardiomyocytes reentered the G2-M phase in the cell cycle after fusing with proliferative noncardiomyocytes. Transplanted endothelial cells or skeletal muscle–derived cells fused with adult cardiomyocytes in vivo. In the cryoinjured heart, there were Ki67-positive cells that expressed both cardiac and endothelial lineage marker proteins. These results suggest that cardiomyocytes fuse with other cells and enter the cell cycle by maintaining their phenotypes.
Kinetic properties of electrogenic Na+/H+ antiport in membrane vesicles from an alkalophilic Bacillus sp

The effects of imposed proton motive force on the kinetic properties of the alkalophilic Bacillus sp. strain N-6 Na+/H+ antiport system have been studied by looking at the effect of delta psi (membrane potential, interior negative) and/or delta pH (proton gradient, interior alkaline) on Na+ efflux or H+ influx in right-side-out membrane vesicles. Imposed delta psi increased the Na+ efflux rate (V) linearly, and the slope of V versus delta psi was higher at pH 9 than at pH 8. Kinetic experiments indicated that the delta psi caused a pronounced increase in the Vmax for Na+ efflux, whereas the Km values for Na+ were unaffected by the delta psi. As the internal H+ concentration increased, the Na+ efflux reaction was inhibited. This inhibition resulted in an increase in the apparent Km of the Na+ efflux reaction. These results have also been observed in delta pH-driven Na+ efflux experiments. When Na(+)-loaded membrane vesicles were energized by means of a valinomycin-induced inside-negative K+ diffusion potential, the generated acidic-interior pH gradients could be detected by changes in 9-aminoacridine fluorescence. The results of H+ influx experiments showed a good coincidence with those of Na+ efflux. H+ influx was enhanced by an increase of delta psi or internal Na+ concentration and inhibited by high internal H+ concentration. These results are consistent with our previous contentions that the Na+/H+ antiport system of this strain operates electrogenically and plays a central role in pH homeostasis at the alkaline pH range.
Ribbon concordance of surface-knots via quandle cocycle invariants

Abstract We give necessary conditions of a surface-knot to be ribbon concordant to another, by introducing a new variant of the cocycle invariant of surface-knots in addition to using the invariant already known. We demonstrate that twist-spins of some torus knots are not ribbon concordant to their orientation reversed images.
African American Heterosexual Men's Experiences of Emotionally and Sexually Intimate Relationships with Women: Implications for Sexual HIV Risk and Protective Behaviors

African American Heterosexual Men’s Experiences of Emotionally and Sexually Intimate Relationships with Women: Implications for Sexual HIV Risk and Protective Behaviors Zupenda Malaika Imani Davis Although HIV infection is relatively low among heterosexual men overall compared with other groups of men, HIV infection in heterosexual men is highest among African American heterosexual men. Research has demonstrated that intimate relationships with women among African American heterosexual men have influenced sexual risk behaviors, such as engaging in unprotected sex and having concurrent sexual partnerships; as well as protective behaviors, such as condom use. The Close Relationship Context was utilized to frame this study. This dissertation consisted of secondary data analysis of 30 semi-structured interviews conducted for the qualitative phase of REPRESENT, a mixed methods study conducted in Philadelphia (2007 – 2009). The REPRESENT study was conducted to examine the effects of gender role norms, sexual scripts and structural factors on sexual HIV risk behaviors of low-income African American heterosexual men who reside in Philadelphia. NVivo 10.0 software was used to code narratives stemming from the interviews relevant to sexually and emotionally intimate relationship experiences with women among this sample of men. The codes were subsequently refined to generate themes derived from the data. There were five dominant themes and two non-dominant themes related to relationship experiences that increased sexual risk, and four dominant themes related to relationship experiences protecting against sexual risk. Participants cited trust and length of relationship as reasons for non-condom use with main sexual partners, but cited length of association of sexual
How Measurement Error in Content Analysis and Self-Reported Media Use Leads to Minimal Media Effect Findings in Linkage Analyses: A Simulation Study

In the debate on minimal media effects and their causes, methodological concerns about measurement are rarely discussed. We argue that even in state-of-the-art media-effects studies that combine measures of media messages and media use (i.e., linkage analyses), measurement error in both the media content analysis and the media use self-reports will typically lead to severely downward-biased effect estimates. We demonstrate this phenomenon using a large Monte Carlo simulation with varying parameters of the content analysis and the survey study. Results show that measurement error in the content analysis and media use variables does indeed lead to smaller effect estimates, especially when the media messages of interest are relatively rare. We discuss these findings as well as possible remedies and implications for future research.
Measuring P2P-TV systems on both sides of the world

In this paper, we present our P2P-TV measurement experiment performed in France and in Japan. By using multiple measurement points in different locations of the world, we are able to get a global view of the measured P2P networks and we can infer their main properties. More precisely, we focus on the location of peers and the effect of the P2P-TV traffic on the networks. Our results shows that hundred of Autonomous Systems are involved in the exchange of traffic between peers and it points out the lack of locality-aware mechanisms for these P2P-TV systems. We also investigate the geographic location of users. It testifies the wide spread of these applications in Asia and highlights the worldwide usage of these applications.
Neutrino Trapping and Accretion Models for Gamma-Ray Bursts

Many models of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) invoke a central engine consisting of a black hole of a few solar masses accreting matter from a disk at a rate of a fraction to a few solar masses per second. Popham et al. and Narayan et al. have shown that, for Ṁ≳ 0.1 M☉ s-1, accretion proceeds via neutrino cooling and neutrinos can carry away a significant amount of energy from the inner regions of the disks. We improve on these calculations by including a simple prescription for neutrino transfer and neutrino opacities in such regions. We find that the flows become optically thick to neutrinos inside a radius R ~ 6RS-40RS for Ṁ in the range of 0.1-10 M☉ s-1, where RS is the black hole Schwarzchild radius. Most of the neutrino emission comes from outside this region, and the neutrino luminosity stays roughly constant at a value Lν ~ 1053 ergs s-1. We show that, for Ṁ ≳ 1 M☉ s-1, neutrinos are sufficiently trapped that energy advection becomes the dominant cooling mechanism in the flow. These results imply that νν̄ annihilation in hyperaccreting black holes is an inefficient mechanism for liberating large amounts of energy. Extraction of rotational energy by magnetic processes remains the most viable mechanism.
New treatment options in the management of hypertension: appraising the potential role of azilsartan medoxomil

Renin–angiotensin–system (RAS) activation plays a key role in the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Drugs that antagonize the RAS (angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers [ARBs]) have proven clinical efficacy in reducing blood pressure values and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. ACE inhibitors partially inhibit plasma ACE, and angiotensin II generation. Thus, ARBs, which block selectively type 1 angiotensin II receptor (AT1R), have been developed and used in the clinical management of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Experimental and clinical trials with ARBs indicate that this class of drug represents an effective, safe and well tolerated therapeutic option for the prevention and care of hypertension, even though there is no proven superiority as compared to ACE inhibitors except for the better tolerability. Most ARBs may not completely inhibit the AT1R at the approved clinical doses. Azilsartan medoxomil is a newly approved ARB for the management of hypertension. This ARB induces a potent and long-lasting antihypertensive effect and may have cardioprotective properties. This article reviews the current evidence on the clinical effectiveness of azilsartan in hypertension.