Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Assays Demonstrate That Pollen Tube Organelles Use Kinesin-Related Motor Proteins to Move along Microtubules Online version contains Web-only data. Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.005645.

The movement of pollen tube organelles relies on cytoskeletal elements. Although the movement of organelles along actin filaments in the pollen tube has been studied widely and is becoming progressively clear, it remains unclear what role microtubules play. Many uncertainties about the role of microtubules in the active transport of pollen tube organelles and/or in the control of this process remain to be resolved. In an effort to determine if organelles are capable of moving along microtubules in the absence of actin, we extracted organelles from tobacco pollen tubes and analyzed their ability to move along in vitro–polymerized microtubules under different experimental conditions. Regardless of their size, the organelles moved at different rates along microtubules in the presence of ATP. Cytochalasin D did not inhibit organelle movement, indicating that actin filaments are not required for organelle transport in our assay. The movement of organelles was cytosol independent, which suggests that soluble factors are not necessary for the organelle movement to occur and that microtubule-based motor proteins are present on the organelle surface. By washing organelles with KI, it was possible to release proteins capable of gliding carboxylated beads along microtubules. Several membrane fractions, which were separated by Suc density gradient centrifugation, showed microtubule-based movement. Proteins were extracted by KI treatment from the most active organelle fraction and then analyzed with an ATP-sensitive microtubule binding assay. Proteins isolated by the selective binding to microtubules were tested for the ability to glide microtubules in the in vitro motility assay, for the presence of microtubule-stimulated ATPase activity, and for cross-reactivity with anti-kinesin antibodies. We identified and characterized a 105-kD organelle-associated motor protein that is functionally, biochemically, and immunologically related to kinesin. This work provides clear evidence that the movement of pollen tube organelles is not just actin based; rather, they show a microtubule-based motion as well. This unexpected finding suggests new insights into the use of pollen tube microtubules, which could be used for short-range transport, as actin filaments are in animal cells.
Action Recognition Using Multi-class Boosting

In this thesis we use volumetric feature combined with spatial and temporal alignment to deal with action recognition problem. We use the adaptive background mixture model to extract the human body out of the image sequence, normalize and align them in the center of the frame according to the centroid of figure. After that we use Dynamic Time Warping to achieve the temporal alignment, by using of a simplified version of Shape Context. Then we apply the volumetric feature inspired by 2D rectangle feature in object detection on static images. To solve the multi-class learning problem, we apply an multi-class approach of Adaboost by using error-correcting code, which is more effective than one-against-all approach. In the experiment, we demonstrate the using of spatial and temporal alignment can avoid the time-scale and space-scale issue thus improve the accuracy rate. Keywords— AdaBoost, Error-correcting code , action, recognition,Volumetric feature
Ethnic Residential Segregation : A Theoretical Synthesis and Empirical Review

This review examines research on ethnic residential segregation in the United States Canada Australia Britain Europe and Israel. It evaluates a theory based on principles of classic human ecology social area analysis and factorial ecology. The theory contains six core hypotheses conditioned on four structural characteristics and was developed to take account of recent research findings. Empirical results from the six countries support the theory. The similarity of segregation patterns suggests the operation of common processes of ethnic concentration and dispersal which are well-summarized by the ecological model. (EXCERPT)
A 0.8-2.4 μm spectral atlas of active galactic nuclei

Aims. We present a near-infrared spectral atlas of 47 active galactic nuclei (AGN) of all degrees of activity in the wavelength interval of 0.8-2.4 � m, including the fluxes of the observed emission lines. We ana lyze the spectroscopic properties of the continuum and emission line spectra of the sources. Methods. In order to exclude aperture and seeing effects we used near-infrared spectroscopy in the short cross-dispersed mode (SXD, 0.8−2.4� m), taking the JHK-bands spectra simultaneously. Results. We present the most extensive NIR spectral atlas of AGN to date. This atlas offers a suitable database for studying the continuum and line emission properties of these objects in a region full of interesting features. The shape of the continuum of QSOs and Sy 1’s are similar, being essentially flat in the H and K bands, while a strong vari ation is found in the J band. In Seyfert 2 galaxies, the contin uum in the Fλ×λ space smoothly decreases in flux from 1.2� m redwards in almost all sources. In J, it smoothly rises bluewards in some sources, while in others a small decrease in flux is observed. The spectra are do minated by strong emission features of Hi, Hei, Heii, [Siii] and by conspicuous forbidden lines of low and high ionization species. Molecular lines of H2 are common features of most objects. The absence of Oi and Feii lines in Seyfert 2 galaxies and the smaller FWHM of these lines relative to that of Hi in the Seyfert 1 give observational support to the fact that they are formed in the outermost portion of the broad-line region. The[Pii] and coronal lines are detected for all degrees of activity. The [Feii] 12570A/16436A line ratio becomes a reliable reddening indicator for the narrow-line region of Seyfert galaxies.
Compassion fade and the challenge of environmental conservation

Compassion shown towards victims often decreases as the number of individuals in need of aid increases, identifiability of the victims decreases, and the proportion of victims helped shrinks. Such “compassion fade” may hamper individual-level and collective responses to pressing large-scale crises. To date, research on compassion fade has focused on humanitarian challenges; thus, it remains unknown whether and to what extent compassion fade emerges when victims are non-human others. Here we show that compassion fade occurs in the environmental domain, but only among non-environmentalists. These findings suggest that compassion fade may challenge our collective ability and willingness to confront the major environmental problems we face, including climate change. The observed moderation effect of environmental identity further indicates that compassion fade may present a significant psychological barrier to building broad public support for addressing these problems. Our results highlight the importance of bringing findings from the field of judgment and decision making to bear on pressing societal issues.
Effects of parity and season on pregnancy rates after the transfer of embryos to repeat-breeder Japanese Black beef cattle

Abstract. Repeat-breeder (RB) cows are a major source of economic waste due to their decreased fertility. Embryo transfer (ET) is an alternative tool to improve the fertility of RB cows. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the effects of recipient parity and the season on pregnancy rates following ET in RB Japanese Black beef cattle. Embryos were transferred nonsurgically to recipients, consisting of 155 heifers (
Macrosomia—Maternal, Fetal, and Neonatal Implications

Perinatal morbidity and mortality are known to be higher for the macrosomic neonate whose birth weight is 4500 g or more, compared with that of appropriate-weight term-size neonates. In a retrospective study comparing 287 macrosomic neonates with 284 appropriate-weight term-size neonates, we found that macrosomia occurred in 1.3% of our annual deliveries, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.3:1. Factors that occurred significantly more frequently in the mothers of macrosomic infants were maternal obesity, multiparity, diabetes mellitus, and previous delivery of an infant heavier than 4000 g. During the intrapartum period the incidence of labor augmentation by oxytocin, shoulder dystocia, and cesarean section was significantly greater in fetal macrosomia. Most significantly, this study revealed that macrosomic fetuses do not experience greater fetal distress in biophysically monitored labor than appropriate-weight term-size fetuses. Twenty-nine (10%) of the macrosomic infants required admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) compared to 9 (3%) of the control patients (P < 0.01). This excess neonatal morbidity in the macrosomic neonates was predominantly caused by the delivery process.
Monetary transfers from children and the labour supply of elderly parents : theory and evidence from Vietnam

In the absence of a broad-based pension scheme, the elderly in developing countries may rely on monetary transfers made by their children and on income earned from their own labour activities. This paper examines whether monetary transfers from children help to reduce elderly parents’ need to work in the context of a developing country. We consider a simple model that accounts for the endogeneity of children’s transfers in the parents’ labour supply. Using the maximum likelihood method, we estimate the labour supply for Vietnamese elderly taking endogeneity of transfers into account. We find that one million VND (or USD 70) of transfers per annum reduces the labour supply of elderly mothers by half an hour per week. In contrast, monetary transfers from children have no significant impact on the labour supply of elderly fathers.
Pregnancy after liver transplantation under tacrolimus.

BACKGROUND The maternal and fetal risk of pregnancy after organ transplantation under tacrolimus has not been reported. This was prospectively studied in 27 pregnancies by 21 female liver recipients who were treated with tacrolimus before and throughout gestation. METHOD Twenty-seven babies were born between October 1990 and April 1996. In 15 cases, samples were obtained at or after delivery and stored (-40 degrees C) for comparison of tacrolimus concentration in the maternal blood with different combinations of cord and infant venous blood, breast milk, or a section of the placenta. RESULTS The 21 mothers had surprisingly few serious complications of pregnancy and no mortality. Two infants with 23 and 24 weeks gestation died shortly after birth. The mean birth weight of the other 25 was 2638+/-781 g after a gestational period of 36.6+/-3.3 weeks. Mean birth weight percentile for gestational age was 50.2+/-26.2 (median 40). On the day of delivery, the mean tacrolimus concentrations (ng/ml) were 4.3 in placenta versus 1.5, 0.7, and 0.5 in maternal, cord, and child plasma, and 0.6 in the first breast milk specimens. The infants had a 36% incidence of transient perinatal hyperkalemia (K+>7.0 meq/L) and a mild reversible renal impairment, which were thought to reflect in part maternal homeostasis. One newborn had unilateral polycystic renal disease (the only anomaly). All 25 babies have had satisfactory postnatal growth and development with a current mean weight percentile of 62+/-37 (median 80). CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy by postliver transplant mothers under tacrolimus was possible with a surprisingly low incidence of the hypertension, preeclampsia, and other maternal complications historically associated with such gestations. As in previous experience with other immunosuppressive regimens, preterm deliveries were common. However, prenatal growth for gestational age and postnatal infant growth for postpartum age were normal.
The fold-flip bifurcation

The fold-flip bifurcation occurs if a map has a fixed point with multipliers +1 and -1 simultaneously. In this paper the normal form of this singularity is calculated explicitly. Both local and global bifurcations of the unfolding are analyzed by exploring a close relationship between the derived normal form and the truncated amplitude system for the fold-Hopf bifurcation of ODEs. Two examples are presented, the generalized Henon map and an extension of the Lorenz-84 model. In the latter example the first-, second- and third-order derivatives of the Poincare map are computed using variational equations to find the normal form coefficients.
A Creative Life

People are crippled who function primarily with their left brain. Because of our tendency to emphasize the intellectual, some medical doctors now feel many of our illnesses are a result of our crippled right side. There is a doctor in Toronto who specializes in treating his patients by having them draw their illnesses on paper. Th1s they can do once they visualize the disease . in their minds. They then imagine how they would attack the disease and begin to do so through their drawings. It is a treatment involving right and left brain activity. If a patient has difficulty working this way, the doctor encourages that person to practise fantasizing, or to listen to music, to do anything which would counterbalance the conscious thinking. As I understand it, if I know that I am ill, the intensity of that thought can be fought with non thought activity. It is imperative that we lead creative lives. To say that only the artist need s to be creative is a misconception. In order for our minds and bodies to be healthy, we all need a good percefltage of our activities to involve our total being, which is what being creative is all about.
Constitutive Fms‐like tyrosine kinase 3 activation results in specific changes in gene expression in myeloid leukaemic cells

Constitutively activating internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations of the receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 (Fms‐like tyrosine kinase 3) play an important role in leukaemogenesis. We have examined, by cDNA microarray analysis, the changes in gene expression induced by FLT3/ITD or constitutively activated wild type FLT3 signalling. A limited set of genes was consistently affected by FLT3 inhibition. In confirmation of their FLT3 dependence, these genes returned toward pretreatment levels of expression after reversal of FLT3 inhibition. Several of the most significantly affected genes are involved in the RAS/mitogen‐activated protein kinase, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathways. These data suggest that constitutively activated FLT3 works through multiple signal transduction pathways. PIM1, MYC and CCND3 were chosen from this gene set to explore their biological roles. Knock‐down of these genes by small interfering RNA showed that these genes play important roles in constitutively activated FLT3 expressing cells. The alterations of the gene expression profiles in these cells help to further elucidate the mechanisms of FLT3‐mediated leukaemogenesis.
Evolutionary Selection of Individual Expectations and Aggregate Outcomes

In recent 'learning to forecast' experiments with human subjects (Hommes, et al. 2005), three different patterns in aggregate asset price behavior have been observed: slow monotonic convergence, permanent oscillations and dampened fluctuations. We construct a simple model of individual learning, based on performance based evolutionary selectionor reinforcement learning among heterogeneous expectations rules, explaining these different aggregate outcomes. Out-of-sample predictive power of our switching model is higher compared to the rational or other homogeneous expectations benchmarks. Our results show that heterogeneity in expectations is crucial to describe individual forecasting behavior as well as aggregate price behavior.
Strategy and Attributional Effects on Children's Self-Efficacy and Skills.

This study explored how task strategies and attributions for success during cognitive skill acquisition influenced self-efficacy and skillful performance. Children who lacked division skills received instruction and practice opportdnities. Task strategies were assessed by recording children's verbalizations while they solved problems. Ability attributions exerted the strongest influence on changes in selfefficacy, and improvements in division skill largely depended on selfefficacy and effective strategy use during the training program. Future research should explore the relationship between strategy use and selfefficacy during various phases of skill acquisition. Implications for teaching are discussed.
Auto-activation of c-JUN Gene by Amino Acid Deprivation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Reveals a Novel c-JUN-mediated Signaling Pathway*

Mammalian cells respond to protein or amino acid (AA) limitation by activating a number of signaling pathways, collectively referred to as the AA response (AAR), that modulate a range of cellular functions, including transcriptional induction of target genes. This study demonstrates that in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, expression of c-JUN, JUN-B, c-FOS, and FOS-B was induced by the AAR, whereas JUN-D, FRA-1, and FRA-2 were not. Of the four activated FOS/JUN members, c-JUN made the largest contribution to the induction of several known AAR target genes. For several human liver, prostate, and ovarian cell lines, the AAR-induced increase in c-JUN expression was greater in transformed cells compared with nontransformed counterparts, an effect independent of cell growth rate. Thus far, the best characterized AA-responsive genes are all transcriptionally activated by ATF4, but the AAR-dependent induction of c-JUN transcription was ATF4-independent. The increased expression of c-JUN was dependent on ATF2 and on activation of the MEK-ERK and JNK arms of the MAPK signaling pathways. Formation of c-JUN-ATF2-activated heterodimers was increased after AA limitation, and c-JUN or ATF2 knockdown suppressed the induction of c-JUN and other AAR target genes. AA deprivation triggers a feed-forward process that involves phosphorylation of existing c-JUN protein by JNK and subsequent auto-activation of the c-JUN gene by recruitment of c-JUN and ATF2 to two AP-1 sites within the proximal promoter. The results document the novel observation that AP-1 sequences within the c-JUN gene can function as transcriptional amino acid-response elements.
Identity Texts: The Collaborative Creation of Power in Multilingual Schools.

CONTENTS: 1. Introduction 2. Frames of Reference: Identity Texts in Perspective 3. 'I'm not just a coloring person': Teacher and Student Perspectives on Identity Text Construction 4. Case Studies of Identity Text Creation: Case Study 1 - Performing Identity Texts: A multilingual creative writing class in the State Prison of Oaxaca, Mexico Case Study 2 - Multilingual Identity Texts in the Library Curriculum Case Study 3 - Creating Picture Books and Performance as Identity Texts in a Core French Classroom Case Study 4 - Weaving Other Languages and Cultures into the Curriculum in International Primary Schools Case Study 5 - 'We're just like real authors': The power of dual language identity texts in a multilingual school Case Study 6 - Identity Journals in Multicultural/Multilingual Schools in Greece Case Study 7 - Multi-Language Identity Texts + Internet Technology: A Case Study in Guza, China Case Study 8 - 'I am Becoming More Intelligent Every Day': 'Non-native' English student teachers' liberating Identity Texts Case Study 9 - Getting Students to Document Linguistic Diversity Case Study 10 - The Multimodal Discursive Construction of a Dancer on YouTube as Identity Text Case Study 11 - Identity Affirmation through Story Writing Case Study 12 - Identity Texts in a Sister-Class Context: How are ELL students' voices heard? Case Study 13 - Drama as Identity Texts in Ugandan HIV/AIDS Clubs Case Study 14 - Multilingualism as an Academic Resource Case Study 15 - Let Me (Re)tell You My Story: Creating trilingual identity texts at an orphanage school in Burkina Faso Case Study 16 - Quilting our Communities: Creating personal and collective identity texts through the integration of the Arts in a Grade 3 class Case Study 17 - Identity Texts for Teacher Training in Multicultural Society Case Study 18 - Developing American Sign Language (ASL) Identity Texts 5. 'It really comes down to the teachers, I think': Pedagogies of choice in multilingual classrooms
Improved detection of artifactual viral minority variants in high-throughput sequencing data

High-throughput sequencing (HTS) of viral samples provides important information on the presence of viral minority variants. However, detection and accurate quantification is limited by the capacity to distinguish biological from artificial variation. In this study, errors related to the Illumina HiSeq2000 library generation and HTS process were investigated by determining minority variant frequencies in an influenza A/WSN/1933(H1N1) virus reverse-genetics plasmid pool. Errors related to amplification and sequencing were determined using the same plasmid pool, by generation of infectious virus using reverse genetics followed by in duplo reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) amplification and HTS in the same sequence run. Results showed that after “best practice” quality control (QC), within the plasmid pool, one minority variant with a frequency >0.5% was identified, while 84 and 139 were identified in the RT-PCR amplified samples, indicating RT-PCR amplification artificially increased variation. Detailed analysis showed that artifactual minority variants could be identified by two major technical characteristics: their predominant presence in a single read orientation and uneven distribution of mismatches over the length of the reads. We demonstrate that by addition of two QC steps 95% of the artifactual minority variants could be identified. When our analysis approach was applied to three clinical samples 68% of the initially identified minority variants were identified as artifacts. Our study clearly demonstrated that, without additional QC steps, overestimation of viral minority variants is very likely to occur, mainly as a consequence of the required RT-PCR amplification step. The improved ability to detect and correct for artifactual minority variants, increases data resolution and could aid both past and future studies incorporating HTS. The source code has been made available through Sourceforge (https://sourceforge.net/projects/mva-ngs).
Leadership, Organizational Learning, and Selected Factors Relating to the Institutionalization of School Improvement Initiatives.

Institutionalization of school improvement initiatives was examined using information gathered from 93 schools involved in school improvement projects. Teachers and administrators assessed their efforts at institutionalization of the initiatives and the overall effectiveness of their school. During the initiation period personal knowledge of successful experiences at other schools was associated with increased success in institutionalizing changes, whereas pressure from system personal was less likely to be positive. The nature and quality of leadership behavior, the extent of collaboration, the alignment with school mission and division gials, and the degree of staff involvement were strong determinants of institutionalization abd school effectiveness