Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Active Skeletal Muscle Mass and Cardiopulmonary Reserve: Failure to Attain Peak Aerobic Capacity During Maximal Bicycle Exercise in Patients With Severe Congestive Heart Failure

BackgroundIn addition to depressed cardiac reserve, peripheral factors may contribute to limit maximal exercise capacity in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). To investigate the role of reduced active skeletal muscle mass, peak oxygen uptake (&OV0312;o2, milligrams per kilogram per minute) was determined during maximal symptom-limited exercise involving the lower limbs (LL) alone and the lower limbs and upper limbs (LL+UL) combined in patients with CHF and in normal subjects of similar age and sex. Methods and ResultsLL bicycle exercise was performed upright with a ramp protocol and continuous expired gas analysis. When respiratory exchange ratio (RER) reached 1.0, UL exercise was initiated at constant load with the use of a cranking device positioned at shoulder level. LL exercise alone and combined LL+UL exercise were performed on separate days in randomized order by 24 patients with CHF and seven normal subjects. In patients with CHF, peak &OV0312;o2 was greater during combined LL+UL exercise than during LL exercise alone, i.e., 15.8±0.8 versus 14.2±0.9 ml·kg−1 min−1 (p<0.001), whereas in normal subjects, maximal &OV0312;o2 was similar during the two tests, i.e., 26.7 versus 26.2 ml·kg−1min−1 (NS). The increase in peak &OV0312;o2 during combined LL+UL exercise relative to LL exercise alone was almost exclusively observed in patients with peak &OV0312;o2 <15 ml·kg−1 min−1 (mean increase, 21.7±4.1%). Peak &OV0312;o2 during combined LL and UL exercise did not increase relative to LL exercise alone in patients with peak &OV0312;o2 >15 ml·kg−1 min−1 and in normal subjects of similar age and sex, i.e., 0.1 ±4.0% and 2.0±2.3% respectively. ConclusionsIn contrast to normal subjects and patients with moderate CHF, patients with severe CHF do not exhaust their cardiopulmonary reserve during symptom-limited maximal LL exercise on a bicycle.
Tunnel Oxide Growth on Silicon With &#8220;Wet Nitrous Oxide&#8221; Process for Improved Performance Characteristics

In this letter, the authors present the process, growth kinetics, and electrical characteristics of tunnel oxides grown by furnace oxidation of silicon at 800 degC in an ambient of nitrous oxide (N2O) and water vapor. Tunnel oxides of thickness 82-92 Aring are grown by this "wet N2O oxidation" process, and the electrical characteristics such as the capacitance-voltage, current-voltage, voltage ramp, time-dependent dielectric breakdown, and charge to breakdown are evaluated using MOS capacitor as the diagnostic device. The results obtained clearly demonstrate superior performance characteristics of this oxide for Flash memory applications, with excellent charge to breakdown and minimum change in the gate voltage during constant current stressing
ATSC 3.0 Transmitter Identification Signals and Applications

In the ATSC 3.0 PHY layer standard, a transmitter identification (TxID) signal is defined in order to provide the identification of an ATSC 3.0 transmitter. TxID signal can also be used to find the co-channel and adjacent interference signals, to assist accurate location finding calculation, and to obtain the channel estimation for each transmitter, which can help local service (e.g., targeted advertisement) reception, as well as for emergency alert. For efficient use of spectrum and quality of service improvement, single frequency network (SFN) where all transmitters share a single RF channel is often implemented. The recently developed ATSC 3.0 physical layer standard has been designed to support SFN. For efficient designing, fine-tuning and operating an SFN, it is crucial to identify each transmitter, as well as to adjust transmitting power and emission time of each transmitter. This paper presents TxID for ATSC 3.0, and analyzes its detection performance under very low signal to noise ratio environments and other applications, such as location finding, and channel estimation etc. for each SFN transmitter.
The Listening Guide for coaching: exploring qualitative, relational, voice-centered, evidence based methodology for coaches

Abstract Now that coaching has developed into a more recognisable and established profession, coaches must articulate and understand their own practices with growing precision (Kauffman & Bachkirova, 2008). Since coaching is an evolving field, coaches are being encouraged to document research on their emerging profession (Drake, 2008). Considering this need, a new demand arises for coaches to be supported by colleagues who are familiar with existing research, best practices, and empirical bases. Because concepts such as listening, relationships, voice, and silence matter to many coaches, and given the fact that more coaches are seeking valuable methods of analysis to better understand their coaching in research-based ways, the purpose of this article is to introduce the Listening Guide (e.g. Brown & Gilligan, 1992; Gilligan, Spencer, Weinberg, & Bertsch, 2003; Raider-Roth, 2005; Taylor, Gilligan, & Sullivan, 1995; Tolman, 2002; Way, 1998) to the field of coaching. The Listening Guide (LG) is a qualitative, relational, voice-centered methodology, which may be used to seriously reflect on the ways in which we listen to our clients, learn from them, and form relationships with them. In this article, the author takes the reader through a comprehensive ‘how to’ of the LG, including step-by-step explanations and examples.
Influence of bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination on size of tuberculin skin test reaction: to what size?

BACKGROUND Previous bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination can confound the results of a tuberculin skin test (TST). We sought to determine a cutoff diameter of TST induration beyond which the influence of BCG vaccination was negligible in evaluating potential Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a population of health care workers with a high vaccination rate and low incidence of tuberculosis. METHODS From 1991 through 1998, all new employees at the University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland, underwent a 2-step TST at entry visit. We also gathered information on demographic characteristics, along with factors commonly associated with tuberculin positivity, including previous BCG vaccination, history of latent M. tuberculosis infection, and predictors for M. tuberculosis infection. RESULTS Among the 5117 investigated subjects, we found that influence of BCG vaccination on TST results varied across categories of age (likelihood ratio test, 0.0001). Prior BCG vaccination had a strong influence on skin test results of <or=18 mm in diameter among persons <40 years old, compared with the influence of factors predictive of M. tuberculosis infection. Prior latent M. tuberculosis infection and travel or employment in a country in which tuberculosis is endemic also had significant influences. CONCLUSIONS Interpretation of TST reactions of <or=18 mm among BCG-vaccinated persons <40 years of age must be done with caution in areas with a low incidence of tuberculosis. In such a population, except for persons who have never been vaccinated, TST reactions of <or=18 mm are more likely to be the result of prior vaccination than infection and should not systematically lead to preventive treatment.
Professional lives of Irish physical education teachers: stories of resilience, respect and resignation

Background: The provision of professional development (PD) for teachers in schools is now a major concern of most national government and teaching organisations. To provide quality PD for teachers, we must understand the aspirations, needs and interests of teachers, as they are key factors in the complex world of teaching and learning. Therefore we need to know a great deal more about teachers' priorities. Purpose: To examine how veteran physical education teachers have negotiated their lives as teachers within the cultural norms and expectations of the Irish educational system and to critique the role of professional development experiences over the course of their teaching lives. Participants and setting: The population for this study was a cohort of 66 graduates from a physical education teacher education programme who began teaching in secondary schools across Ireland in the mid-1970s. Data collection: The teachers completed a 26-item questionnaire addressing six aspects of their teaching careers (33 of the 42 still teaching responded, giving a 76% response rate). Individual interviews with 34 of the graduates (24 still teaching and 10 who had left teaching) were completed to find out about their needs and interests, how they negotiated their teaching careers and why they had left teaching, if they had. Data analysis: The questionnaire data were coded and input into an Excel program. Basic descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were calculated. The interviews were audiotaped and later transcribed. The transcripts were read and reread and a process of analytic induction used to extract findings from the frequent, dominant or significant themes inherent in the raw data. Findings: Most of the graduates were still teaching, and most were still teaching physical education for more than 50% of their workload. The themes of resiliency, respect and resignation, from the interview data, describe how the teachers negotiated schools and their teaching careers and the non-existent PD directed at teaching and learning in physical education. Conclusions: The challenges for PD providers is to avoid making simplistic assumptions about teachers' needs and desire to learn, especially veteran teachers, given their resilience and strategic compliance honed over the years.
Spatial patterns of total petroleum hydrocarbons in the terrestrial environment at McMurdo Station, Antarctica

Abstract Fossil fuels are used throughout the United States Antarctic Program. Accidental releases of petroleum hydrocarbons are the leading source of environmental contamination. Since 1999 McMurdo Station has been the site of the most extensive environmental monitoring programme in Antarctica. Nearly 2500 surface soil samples were collected from 1999–2007 to determine the spatial “footprint” of petroleum hydrocarbons. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) concentrations were measured using a high-resolution capillary gas chromatographic method with flame ionization detection. Three distinct TPH patterns were detected: low molecular weight gasoline/JP5/AN8, residual weathered petroleum and an unresolved complex mixture of high molecular weight material. Overall TPH concentrations were low with 38% of the samples having TPH concentrations below 30 ppm and 58% below 100 ppm. Total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations above 30 ppm are largely confined to the central portions of the station, along roads and in other areas where elevated TPH would be expected. Peripheral areas typically have TPH concentrations below 15 ppm. Areas of elevated TPH concentrations are patchy and of limited spatial extent, seldom extending over distances of 100 m. This environmental monitoring programme is ongoing and can serve as an example to other Antarctic programmes concerned with monitoring environmental impacts.
c‐Abl is an effector of Src for growth factor‐induced c‐myc expression and DNA synthesis

The mechanism by which the ubiquitously expressed Src family kinases regulate mitogenesis is not well understood. Here we report that cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase c‐Abl is an important effector of c‐Src for PDGF‐ and serum‐induced DNA synthesis. Inactivation of cytoplasmic c‐Abl by the kinase‐ inactive Abl‐PP‐K− (AblP242E/P249E/K290M) or by microinjection of Abl neutralizing antibodies inhibited mitogenesis. The kinase‐inactive SrcK295M induced a G1 block that was overcome by the constitutively active Abl‐PP (AblP242E/P249E). Conversely, the inhibitory effect of Abl‐PP‐K− was not compensated by Src. c‐Src‐induced c‐Abl activation involves phosphorylation of Y245 and Y412, two residues required for c‐Abl mitogenic function. Finally, we found that p53 inactivation and c‐myc expression, two cell cycle events regulated by Src during mitogenesis, also implied c‐Abl: c‐Abl function was dispensable in cells deficient in active p53 and inhibition of c‐Abl reduced mitogen‐induced c‐myc expression. These data identify a novel function of cytoplasmic c‐Abl in the signalling pathways regulating growth factor‐induced c‐myc expression and we propose the existence of a tyro sine kinase signalling cascade (PDGFR/c‐Src/c‐Abl) important for mitogenesis.
Nature does not rely on long-lived electronic quantum coherence for photosynthetic energy transfer

Significance We have revisited the 2D spectroscopy of the excitation energy transfer in the Fenna–Matthews–Olson (FMO) protein. Based on 2D spectroscopic signatures, the energy transfer dynamics in the FMO protein has been argued to be supported by long-lived electronic quantum coherence on timescales up to 1.5 ps. In contrast, our analysis, based on experimental data and confirmed by theoretical calculations, shows that the electronic decoherence occurs within 60 fs, in agreement with typical dephasing times in systems under these conditions. Given the relatively well-defined structure of the FMO protein, and comparative couplings between chlorophylls to other photosynthetic systems, the observed extremely fast decoherence should be viewed as general, bringing to question any significant quantum coherent transport contributions to photosynthesis. During the first steps of photosynthesis, the energy of impinging solar photons is transformed into electronic excitation energy of the light-harvesting biomolecular complexes. The subsequent energy transfer to the reaction center is commonly rationalized in terms of excitons moving on a grid of biomolecular chromophores on typical timescales <100 fs. Today’s understanding of the energy transfer includes the fact that the excitons are delocalized over a few neighboring sites, but the role of quantum coherence is considered as irrelevant for the transfer dynamics because it typically decays within a few tens of femtoseconds. This orthodox picture of incoherent energy transfer between clusters of a few pigments sharing delocalized excitons has been challenged by ultrafast optical spectroscopy experiments with the Fenna–Matthews–Olson protein, in which interference oscillatory signals up to 1.5 ps were reported and interpreted as direct evidence of exceptionally long-lived electronic quantum coherence. Here, we show that the optical 2D photon echo spectra of this complex at ambient temperature in aqueous solution do not provide evidence of any long-lived electronic quantum coherence, but confirm the orthodox view of rapidly decaying electronic quantum coherence on a timescale of 60 fs. Our results can be considered as generic and give no hint that electronic quantum coherence plays any biofunctional role in real photoactive biomolecular complexes. Because in this structurally well-defined protein the distances between bacteriochlorophylls are comparable to those of other light-harvesting complexes, we anticipate that this finding is general and directly applies to even larger photoactive biomolecular complexes.
Structural Differentiation, Efficiency, and Power

The theory of structural differentiation, long a major conceptual tool of the study of social change, is critically reviewed. The link between differentiation and efficiency advantages involves a number of unsolved problems. In addition, past differentiation theory paid too little attention to actual processes of differentiation theory as well as de-differentiation. Both sets of problems can be tackled better if power constellations and power interests are systematically introduced into the analysis of differentiation and de-differentiation.
R-C3D: Region Convolutional 3D Network for Temporal Activity Detection

We address the problem of activity detection in continuous, untrimmed video streams. This is a difficult task that requires extracting meaningful spatio-temporal features to capture activities, accurately localizing the start and end times of each activity. We introduce a new model, Region Convolutional 3D Network (R-C3D), which encodes the video streams using a three-dimensional fully convolutional network, then generates candidate temporal regions containing activities, and finally classifies selected regions into specific activities. Computation is saved due to the sharing of convolutional features between the proposal and the classification pipelines. The entire model is trained end-to-end with jointly optimized localization and classification losses. R-C3D is faster than existing methods (569 frames per second on a single Titan X Maxwell GPU) and achieves state-of-the-art results on THUMOS’14. We further demonstrate that our model is a general activity detection framework that does not rely on assumptions about particular dataset properties by evaluating our approach on ActivityNet and Charades. Our code is available at http://ai.bu. edu/r-c3d/
Comparing the Effectiveness of Alerts and Dynamically Annotated Visualizations (DAVs) in Improving Clinical Decision Making

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two types of real-time decision support, an interrupting pop-up alert and a noninterrupting dynamically annotated visualization (DAV), in reducing clinically inappropriate diagnostic imaging orders. Background: Alerts in electronic health record software are frequently disregarded due to high false-alarm rates, interruptions, and uncertainty about what triggered the alert. In other settings, providing visualizations and improving understandability of the guidance has been shown to improve overall decision making. Method: Using a between-subject design, we examined the effect of two forms of decision support, alerts and DAVs, on reducing the proportion of inappropriate diagnostic imaging orders for 11 patients in a simulated environment. Nine attending and 11 resident physicians with experience using an electronic health record were randomly assigned to the form of decision support. Secondary measures were self-reported understandability, algorithm transparency, and clinical relevance. Results: Fewer inappropriate diagnostic imaging tests were ordered with DAVs than with alerts (18% vs. 34%, p < .001). The DAV was rated higher for all three secondary measures (p < .001) for all participants. Conclusion: DAVs were more effective than alerts in reducing inappropriate imaging orders and were preferred for all patient scenarios, especially scenarios where guidance was ambiguous or based on inaccurate information. Application: Creating visualizations that are permanently displayed and vary in the strength of their guidance can mitigate the risk of system performance degradation due to incomplete or incorrect data. This interaction paradigm may be applicable for other settings with high false-alarm rates or where there is a need to reduce interruptions during decision making.
Sounding out the City: Music and the Sensuous Production of Place

The relationship between music and place is explored through biographical information on one particular individual and his social activities and networks in the city of Liverpool. Music plays a role in producing place as a material setting comprising the physical and built environment; as a setting for everyday social relations, practices and interactions; and as a concept or symbol that is represented or interpreted. This production of place through music is shown to be a contested and ideological process, whilst the dynamic interrelationship between music and place suggests that music plays a very particular and sensual role.
Salience, Heterogeneity and Consolidation of Parameters: Civilizing Blau's Primitive Theory

Blau's (1977) theory uses properties of macro social structure to deduce properties of micro social structure, the network of observed social relations among individuals. This paper continues the work of Fararo (1981) in providing a formal linkage between these two levels using the concepts of biased net theory. The application provides versions of Blau's major theorems that uncover implications not readily apparent from his verbal presentation, permits the extension of his theory beyond characteristics along which preferences for ingroup association exist to ones along which preferences for outgroup association may exist (and ones even stranger where both preference types may exist), demonstrates the theoretical basis for some negative results of recent research (Blau et al., 1982), and offers a rigorous basis for a general formal theory of-social structure's influences on people's associations with one another.
Incidence and predictors of intracranial hemorrhage after minor head trauma in patients taking anticoagulant and antiplatelet medication.

BACKGROUND The yield of head computed tomography (CT) for patients who suffered head trauma with a presenting Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15 has been reported to be low, even in patients who are anticoagulated or on antiplatelet therapy. We undertook this study to (1) determine the frequency of intracranial hemorrhage in anticoagulated patients and patients on antiplatelet therapy and its impact on clinical management, (2) identify predictors of positive imaging findings, and (3) assess potential differences between anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of the trauma registry at our institution, a Level II trauma center. All trauma registry patients with a minor head injury registered between the years 2004 and 2006 who were taking warfarin or clopidogrel, had a presenting GCS score of 15, and underwent head CT were included in this study. Intracranial hemorrhage on head CT was considered a positive result. RESULTS One hundred forty-one patients (male, n=67; female, n=74), mean age 79 years (range, 36-101 years), were included in this study. Forty-one patients (29%) were diagnosed with intracranial hemorrhage. Thirty-nine (95%) of these 41 patients underwent reversal and/or discontinuation of clopidogrel and/or warfarin. Five patients required surgical evacuation of an intracranial hemorrhage. Four patients died. Loss of consciousness (Wald=7.468, β=1.179, p=0.008) predicted a positive CT result. Type of medication (warfarin, aspirin, or clopidogrel) did not reach statistical significance as a predictor of positive result. CONCLUSION Despite a presenting GCS score of 15, patients with minor head injury from the trauma registry at our institution taking anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy have a high incidence of intracranial hemorrhage especially after reported loss of consciousness.
Parathyroid hormone and vitamin D levels are independently associated with calcific aortic stenosis.

BACKGROUND In calcific aortic valve disease, the early lesion is similar to atherosclerotic plaque, but later calcification prevails. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D are the principal calcium pool regulators, so the present study was designed to assess their association with aortic stenosis (AS) in patients with significant coronary artery disease (CAD), and preserved renal function. METHODS AND RESULTS The 122 consecutive patients with AS (mean gradient > or =30 mmHg) plus CAD, and 101 patients with nonobstructive aortic sclerosis (mean gradient < or =10 mmHg) plus CAD, as controls, were prospectively enrolled. The AS patients were older (71+/-7 vs 66+/-7 years; p<0.001), had higher serum intact (i)PTH (51.4 [39-70] vs 37.4 [27-50] pg/ml; p<0.001), and lower plasma vitamin D (32.0 [25-40] vs 35.8 [27-55] nmol/L; p=0.003) levels than those with aortic sclerosis. The groups did not differ significantly in creatinine level (93 [82-105] vs 96 [85-107] micromol/L, p=0.19), calcium - phosphate product, occurrence of hypertension, smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemia, or body mass index. The iPTH (odds ratio (OR) 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.05; p<0.001) and vitamin D levels (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95-0.99; p=0.003) were independently associated with AS. CONCLUSION Higher serum iPTH with lower vitamin D levels were independently associated with calcific AS in CAD patients.