Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adult attachment dimensions and recollections of childhood family context: associations with dispositional optimism and pessimism

The present study tested the theoretically inferred but not yet empirically tested association between dispositional optimism–pessimism and attachment security among 423 Finnish women and men. A second‐order latent variable representing a generalized representation of attachment insecurity in close relationships that included two latent constructs, the one representing romantic adult attachment dimensions and the other representing recollections of attachment‐related childhood family relationship, was associated with greater pessimism; the adult attachment dimension of high anxiety had unique and additional explanatory power, not accounted for by the generalized representation of attachment‐related insecurity. The model explained 48% of the variance in pessimism. The results clearly emphasize that additional studies are needed to clarify the role of interpersonal processes in dispositional optimism–pessimism. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fecal NIRS for predicting percent leafy spurge in diets.

Research on diet selection is limited by inadequate techniques for determining botanical composition of diets. Our objective was to determine if near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) of fecal material could be used to quantify the percentage leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) in the diets of sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra hircus). Fecal material representing diets of known percentage leafy spurge was obtained from feeding trials conducted in 1992 and 1994. In 1992, diets containing 87.5, 75, 60, 45, 30, and 15% leafy spurge were fed to 20 sheep and 20 goats. In 1994 10 sheep and 10 goats were fed alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa L.) at 0.5% of their body weight and ad libitum access to leafy spurge hay. Thus, the percent leafy spurge in the diet varied daily. Microhistological analysis was performed on fecal samples from the 1992 trial for comparison with NIRS predictions. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy evaluations were performed with a scanning reflectance monochromator. Calibrations were done separately for sheep and goats. Samples were divided into calibration and validation sets. Data from the 1994 feeding trial were analyzed to determine the appropriate lag time between diet consumption and fecal spectral characteristics that provided the best prediction. The average of the diet composition 48 and 72 hours prior to the fecal sample provided the best predictions for the 1994 trial. The effect of spectral outliers on prediction accuracy was also evaluated. Spectral outliers were predicted with equal or better accuracy compared to samples that were spectrally similar to the ones from which calibration equations were derived. The NIRS predictions were more accurate than microhistological estimation of leafy spurge in the diet. The final calibration equation had coefficients of simple correlation for validation samples of 0.91 and 0.93 and standard errors of prediction of 4.6 and 4.8 for goats and sheep, respectively. The results of this study showed that NIRS of fecal material can be used to screen large numbers of animals for phenotypic differences in diet selection and for making treatment comparisons.
Dynamical body frames, orientation-shape variables and canonical spin bases for the nonrelativistic N-body problem

After the separation of the center-of-mass motion, a new privileged class of canonical Darboux bases is proposed for the nonrelativistic N-body problem by exploiting a geometrical and group theoretical approach to the definition of body frame for deformable bodies. This basis is adapted to the rotation group SO(3), whose canonical realization is associated with a symmetry Hamiltonian left action. The analysis of the SO(3) coadjoint orbits contained in the N-body phase space implies the existence of a spin frame for the N-body system. Then, the existence of appropriate nonsymmetry Hamiltonian right actions for nonrigid systems leads to the construction of an N-dependent discrete number of dynamical body frames for the N-body system, hence to the associated notions of dynamical and measurable orientation and shape variables, angular velocity, rotational and vibrational configurations. For N=3 the dynamical body frame turns out to be unique and our approach reproduces the xxzz gauge of the gauge theory assoc.
Low-grazing-angle (LGA) sea-spike backscattering from plunging breaker crests

The low-grazing-angle (LGA) microwave backscattering from a series of wave profiles representing the time evolution of a plunging breaker water wave is numerically calculated and compared with modeled predictions. The crest regions of the waves are isolated to remove large-scale multiple back-reflection paths that give interference. The horizontally polarized backscatter (HH) significantly exceeds that at vertical polarization (VV) during the breaking, despite the lack of multipath. Existing scattering models with some heuristic corrections are applied to the profiles to identify the dominant scattering mechanisms. The large HH-to-VV ratio is predicted from single scattering using an extended geometrical optics (EGO) approach. The initial rise in the backscatter as the wave steepens is predicted as diffraction from inflection points in the surface curvature at the crest using a modification of the geometrical theory of diffraction. The calculations show that the LGA backscattering from breaking wave crests is very complicated even in the absence of multipath and simple optically based models that treat the crest cross sections as equal at the two polarizations will be inaccurate.
Contrasting response to Pleistocene climate change by ground-living and arboreal Mandarina snails from the oceanic Hahajima archipelago

While the genetic impact of Pleistocene climate change on temperate species has been well characterized, especially in Europe and North America, an effect on the diversification of species on oceanic islands has been less well studied. This is perhaps a surprising observation given the traditional and continuing contribution of island species (e.g. Darwin's finches, Partula snails, Lord Howe Island palms) to understand speciation. Here, we combine mitochondrial and microsatellite data from the ground-living and arboreal Mandarina snails of the oceanic, subtropical Hahajima archipelago (Ogasawara, colloquially ‘Galápagos of the Orient’) to enable a comparative approach to understand the impact of the Pleistocene glaciations on their phylogeography. Prior work suggested that several narrowly divergent, ground-living species pairs of Mandarina populations on the outlying islands, as well as the low-lying southern and central parts of Hahajima, probably underwent bottlenecks and subsequent expansions during the recent Pleistocene. Here, the most striking finding is that largely arboreal species have deeply divergent, geographically restricted mitochondrial lineages, in contrast to a census size that is at least an order of magnitude lower than ground-living snails. As populations of both types are highly polymorphic at microsatellite loci, the systematic difference at the mitochondrial locus probably indicates a contrasting effect of the Pleistocene climate cycles on the two groups. We speculate that this may have partly come about owing to a reduced efficacy of natural selection on the more greatly structured populations of arboreal snails. If so, then a prediction is that the genome of other snails, or other species with limited mobility, will show a similar response to the Pleistocene climate cycles.
GPHN, a novel partner gene fused to MLL in a leukemia with t(11;14)(q23;q24)

We report a novel MLL‐associated chromosome translocation t(11;14)(q23;q24) in a child who showed signs of acute undifferentiated leukemia 3 years after intensive chemotherapy that included the topoisomerase‐II inhibitor VP 16. Screening of a cDNA library of the patient's leukemic cells showed a novel fusion transcript between MLL and the Gephyrin (GPHN) gene on 14q24. The resulting MLL‐GPHN fusion gene encodes MLL AT hook motifs and a DNA methyltransferase homology domain fused to the C‐terminal half of Gephyrin, including a presumed tubulin binding site and a domain homologous to the Escherichia coli molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis protein MoeA. Genomic breakpoint analysis showed potential in vitro topoisomerase‐II DNA‐binding sites spanning the breakpoints in both MLL and GPHN but no flanking sequences that might mediate homologous recombination. This suggests that MLL‐GPHN may have been generated by VP 16/topoisomerase‐II–induced DNA double‐strand breaks, followed by error‐prone DNA repair via non‐homologous end joining. Gephyrin was originally identified as a submembraneous scaffold protein that anchors and immobilizes postsynaptic membrane neurotransmitter receptors to underlying cytoskeletal elements. It also is reported to bind to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5‐triphosphate binding proteins involved in actin dynamics and downstream signaling and interacts with ATM‐related family member RAFT1. Gephyrin domains in the chimeric protein therefore could contribute novel signal sequences or might modify MLL activity by oligomerization or intracellular redistribution. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developing the WorkingWell Mobile App to Promote Job Tenure for Individuals With Serious Mental Illnesses

Objective: Individuals living with serious mental illnesses are key stakeholders in user experience design and the development of the WorkingWell mobile app to enhance on-the-job follow-along support. In this study, Individual Placement and Support (IPS) consumers identify challenges in sustaining employment, provide data regarding their use of technology, and suggest technology-based solutions for coping on the job to inform app development. Method: Focus groups were conducted in 3 agencies providing IPS services to examine consumers’ perspectives on supported employment, work, and their preferences for technology-based supports. Qualitative data were coded thematically in a multistep, collaborate approach to ensure trustworthiness. Survey data were collected to describe participants and their current technology use; these data were analyzed descriptively. Results: A total of 25 IPS consumers reported work challenges related to interpersonal relationships and social situations; job characteristics, tasks, and expectations; illness- and treatment-related issues; lifestyle/wellness and conditions apart from work; and motivation. The majority owned mobile phones, felt comfortable using technology, and could see how technology-based tools could help sustain employment. Participants highlighted the potential benefits of technology-based supports for work challenges, and underscored the potential for independence and empowerment as a consequence. Conclusions and Implications for Practice: Study findings suggest the value of a WorkingWell mobile app that is innovative, easy to access, self-directed, and individually tailored to enhance IPS follow-along support. The WorkingWell app, if proven effective, will provide an empowering set of tools designed with input from individuals with serious mental illnesses, and integrated into a single, accessible interface.
Ku-band AlGaN/GaN-HEMT with over 30% of PAE

AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) were improved for X-band and Ku-band applications. The power added efficiency (PAE) was achieved over 40% for X-band and over 30% for Ku-band. The developed devices combined two AlGaN/GaN HEMTs of 12 mm gate periphery and exhibited the output power of over 50W. An AlGaN/GaN HEMT with four dies of 12 mm gate periphery was developed and exhibited the output power of over 120W.
Nine-year experience of bovine pericardium patch angioplasty during carotid endarterectomy.

PURPOSE This paper examines the clinical results of a 9-year experience in which the incidence of major (stroke and death) perioperative events and of recurrent stenosis (>60%) after carotid endarterectomy performed with a direct suture (DS) of the arteriotomy versus bovine pericardium patch angioplasty (BPPA) are compared. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 517 carotid endarterectomies were included in this nonrandomized study and were divided into two groups: group DS with 194 procedures and group BPPA with 323 procedures. All patients were entered in a follow-up program that ranged from 1 to 108 months (mean, 56.4 months) and included color duplex scan examinations at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery and every year thereafter. RESULTS The number of major (stroke and death) perioperative cerebrovascular accidents was eight (4.1%) in the DS Group and five (1.5%) in the BPPA group (P =.066). One death occurred in the DS group, and three occurred in the BPPA Group (P =.517). The four deaths in both groups were the result of strokes. No statistically significant difference was found in terms of early neurologic complications between the two groups. During the first year of follow-up study, the rate of restenosis >60% and occlusion was significantly lower in the BPPA group. Thereafter, the difference was not significant. CONCLUSION In our experience, the use of BPPA or DS during carotid endarterectomy procedure does not cause a significantly different rate of perioperative major events (stroke or death) in the two groups. The incidence rate of restenosis is lower in the first year after surgery with BPPA, but in subsequent years, no significant difference in restenosis is seen. The early and late postoperative results with BPPA compare favorably with the reported data from literature with the use of other patch materials.
Eating disorders in later life: A review

Eating disorders are considered to primarily afflict young people to the exclusion of the elderly. However, reports in the recent literature have challenged this view, with both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa being described in later life. Although in some reports the diagnosis appears doubtful, the majority appear to demonstrate the classical features of these condtions. They have many similarities with younger sufferers, including clinical features, maladaptive psychological functioning, and a close relationship with other psychiatric conditions, such as depression and obsessive‐compulsive disorder. The aetiology of eating disorders in the elderly appears to be multifactorial, involving both vulnerability factors and precipitating factors. The outcome is often poor, although behavioural modification leads to a significant benefit in most cases. It is probable that these disorders are poorly recognized in the elderly, possibly because of a lake of suspicion and because the symptoms are often assumed to be secondary to an alternative physical or psychiatric cause.
Psychological Drivers in the Adoption of Morally Controversial Innovations: The Moderating Role of Ethical Self‐Identity

The present article conceptualizes morally controversial innovations as a category of innovations that raise ethical issues due to their potentially undesirable long‐term consequences on society or the natural environment. Then, it analyzes the case of biofuel crops by applying an extended version of the theory of planned behavior, which includes moral norm (i.e. the personal convictions of what is wrong or right for society) and ethical self‐identity (i.e. the extent to which one perceives himself/herself as an ethical person). The obtained results show that attitude and subjective norms are positively related to farmers' intention to grow biofuel crops. Yet the intention of those farmers with a higher ethical self‐identity is also influenced by perceived behavioral control and moral norm. In particular, moral norm negatively affects their intention to grow biofuel crops, thus restraining the adoption of this innovation. Implications for theory, as well as for policymakers interested in promoting the diffusion of morally controversial innovations, are discussed.
Protocol Family for Optimal and Deterministic Symmetric Key Assignment

Secure pairwise communications for a group of N nodes can require a large number of keys, <i>O</i>(<i>N</i> <sup>2</sup>) in the worst case. This work proposes a two-part algorithm for large-scale symmetric key pre-distribution: a key assignment algorithm deterministically assigning <i>O</i>(log<sub>2</sub> <i>N</i>) keys to each node, and a key discovery algorithm requiring <i>O</i>(log<sub>q</sub> <i>N</i>) computations and inter-node messages to find the appropriate secure keys for a pair-wise communication. The lower bound of <i>O</i>(log <i>N</i>) complexity is achieved by novel applications of the Maximum-Distance Separable (MDS) codes. Compare to previous works, our scheme is deterministic, efficient, and has good security properties against collusion. Using (<i>n</i>,<i>k</i>)<sub>q</sub> Reed-Solomon codes as the MDS codes, we show by analysis that (1) in all practical cases, the lower bound of <i>c</i> log<sub>2</sub> <i>N</i> keys per node can be reached within 2 levels of recursions with a multiplicative constant c less than 8; (2) channel resilience against r-collusion is roughly 1 -<i>Rd</i> <sup>min</sup>, with <i>R</i> = 1 (1 - 1/<i>q</i>)<sup>2r</sup> and <i>d</i> <sub>min</sub> = <i>n</i> - <i>k</i> + 1.
A critical period of progesterone withdrawal precedes endometrial breakdown and shedding in mouse menstrual-like model.

STUDY QUESTION Is there a critical period of progesterone (P4) withdrawal in a mouse menstrual-like model, and at what time after P4 withdrawal endometrial breakdown become irreversible? STUDY ANSWER Our results showed that a 12-16 h critical period of P4 withdrawal exists in the mouse menstrual-like model. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY P4 withdrawal is the trigger for endometrial breakdown and shedding during menstruation. To date, the molecular mechanisms responsible for endometrial breakdown have not been fully elucidated. In an ovariectomized macaque model, P4 replacement could reduce or block menses during a period of 36-48 h after P4 withdrawal, but after this, P4 supplementation did not reduce or block menses. Thus, in the macaque, a critical period of P4 withdrawal lasting 36-48 h exists before menses. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We created a mouse menstrual-like model and restored P4 at four time points. The total number of mice was 120 and the duration of treatment was 26 days. PARTICIPANTS, SETTING, METHODS A mouse menstrual model was characterized by endometrial morphology and plasma P4 levels. P4 was then replaced at 8, 12, 16 and 20 h after the removal of P4 implants. Vaginal smears, endometrial morphology, plasma P4 levels and expression patterns of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-11 and MMP-13) were investigated. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANGE Replacement of P4 at 8 and 12 h blocked menstrual-like bleeding and endometrial shedding; however, replacement at 16 and 20 h did not suppress bleeding or shedding. Furthermore, P4 replacement at 12 h inhibited the expression of all latent or active MMPs; however, replacement at 16 h inhibited only pMMP-13. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Although determination of the critical period in vivo using a mouse model was successfully demonstrated, the mechanisms of P4 regulation need to be further explored. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The experimental opportunities provided by the mouse model will facilitate understanding the role of P4 in the regulation of menstruation and help to identify new targets for the clinical intervention of menstrual disorders.
Review of the use of mirtazapine in the treatment of depression

Introduction: Depression is a heterogeneous illness affecting large numbers of patients with far reaching effects on both psychiatric and medical outcomes as well as quality of life. Knowledge about the different treatment modalities used to treat depression is important to all physicians. Areas covered: This article expands on one such treatment option, mirtazapine. The paper examines this medication's medicinal chemistry, pharmacological properties as well as the efficacy of the medication compared to other commonly used antidepressants. Expert opinion: Mirtazapine is a medication unlike other agents used for depression both in its mechanism of action as well as its side effects. Knowing these distinct characteristics will enable physicians to better utilize this agent for the benefit of their patients.
Abnormal spermatogenesis and male infertility in testicular zinc finger protein Zfp318‐knockout mice

Zfp318, a mouse gene with a Cys2/His2 zinc finger motif, is mainly expressed in germ cells in the testis. It encodes two alternative transcripts, which regulate androgen receptor‐mediated transcriptional activation or repression by overexpression of them. However, the role of Zfp318 is still obscure in vivo, especially in spermatogenesis. To elucidate the role of Zfp318 during gamete production, we established a knockout mouse line. Zfp318‐null male mice exhibited infertility, whereas Zfp318‐null female mice displayed normal fertility. ZFP318 was expressed during multiple stages of spermatogenesis, from spermatocytes to round spermatids. The nuclei of secondary spermatocytes showed high levels of expression. Histological analysis and quantitative analysis of DNA content showed decreased numbers of both spermatids in the seminiferous tubules and mature spermatozoa in the epididymides of Zfp318‐null mice. These results suggest that Zfp318 is expressed as a functional protein in testicular germ cells and plays an important role in meiosis during spermatogenesis.
Neurofibrillary tangles in nondemented elderly subjects and mild Alzheimer disease.

BACKGROUND The relationship between neuropathological lesions and mild, "preclinical," cognitive impairments of Alzheimer disease is poorly understood. Identification of the lesions that are most closely associated with the earliest symptoms of Alzheimer disease is crucial to the understanding of the disease process and the development of treatment strategies to affect its progression. DESIGN AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We examined the extent of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in 4 neocortical regions, the hippocampus, the entorhinal cortex, and the amygdala in 65 elderly subjects with no dementia, questionable dementia, mild dementia, or moderate dementia as assessed using the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR). SETTING AND PATIENTS Postmortem study of nursing home residents. RESULTS Neurofibrillary tangles were present in the entorhinal cortex and the hippocampus of all subjects, including those without cognitive deficits. Neocortical NFTs were mostly absent in the nondemented (CDR score, 0.0) subjects. The density of NFTs in the questionably demented (CDR score, 0.5) subjects was not significantly increased (P>.20) relative to the nondemented group in any of the brain regions studied. Significant increases (P<.04) in NFT density become apparent first in the amygdala and the temporal cortex in subjects rated to be mildly impaired (CDR score, 1.0). By the time that cognitive impairments were judged to be moderately severe (CDR score, 2.0), all regions of the brain examined, except for the occipital cortex, were significantly (P<.05) involved. CONCLUSIONS Some NFTs are present in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus of most elderly individuals irrespective of their cognitive status, but the density of NFTs increases as a function of dementia severity.