Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship of Principals/Directors’ Leadership Styles, as Perceived by the Faculty, to the Job Satisfaction of the Faculty Members in a Public University of Punjab, Pakistan

The purposes of the study are to identify the leadership styles (transformational, transactional and laissez-faire) of the campus principals/divisional directors of a public university in Pakistan, examine the relationship between these leadership styles and the faculty’s job satisfaction, investigate which elements of the faculty’s job satisfaction are influenced/not influenced by the leader, explore which leadership style is conducive/barrier to the faculty’s job satisfaction, and define the role of a leader in enhancing the faculty’s job satisfaction. The study adopted a mixed methods approach, and all the 287 faculty members of the university were included in the sample to collate quantitative data through two questionnaires, whereas to generate qualitative data 15 faculty members were interviewed through the semi-structured protocol. The findings suggest that the transformational leadership style is comparatively being more often exercised by the leaders of the case public university in Pakistan, followed by the transactional leadership style, while the laissez-faire leadership style is the least practised. There are significant relationships between leadership styles (transformational, transactional and laissez-faire) and the faculty’s intrinsic, extrinsic and overall job satisfaction. The transformational leadership style, in relation to the transactional and laissez-faire styles, has a strong positive and statistically significant effect on faculty’s job satisfaction. Whereas, the laissez-faire leadership style, relatively, has weak positive and statistically insignificant effect on the job satisfaction of faculty members. The transactional leadership style, on the other hand, has comparatively weak negative and statistically insignificant effect on faculty’s job satisfaction. Most of the faculty job satisfaction elements related to the institution, leader and job are influenced by the leader; whereas, several factors that are more linked with the faculty members themselves, their colleagues and students are not influenced by the leader. The authoritative and laissez-faire leadership styles have been considered to be barriers to the faculty’s job satisfaction, whereas the participative, transformational and transactional (first dimension) leadership styles have been perceived as conducive and necessary to be exercised in order to enhance the faculty’s job satisfaction. Some implications for theory and practice are offered and suggestions for future research are proposed.
Morphological Changes Predict Inter-Seasonal Reproductive Performance In the North American Barn Swallow

Differential allocation between providing costly parental care and selfpreservation is a well-known trade off in evolutionary theory. Across a variety of vertebrate taxa, a pattern exists where younger individuals tend to produce less offspring than older individuals after the onset of reproduction. I present data from a three-year study in a population of North American barn swallows Hirundo rustica erythrogaster to determine whether there is a pattern of age-related increases in reproduction and analyze how within-individual (1) site fidelity, (2) social mate, and (3) changes in morphology affect patterns of seasonal reproductive success, defined as the total number of young fledged in a given breeding season. Over the course of this study, I did not detect a clear pattern of increases in reproduction with age. Interestingly, significant changes in morphology between years predicted reproductive performance; females that minimized growth in tail streamers between 2008 and 2009 had greater reproductive performance. Males that became darker had greater reproductive performance only between 2008 and 2009. These relationships were not detected in the years between 2009 and 2010. I did not find that site fidelity or mate familiarity significantly impacted reproductive performance, in contrast to what was concluded in previous work. These analyses of intrinsic, morphological changes within individuals indicate that there are important underlying agerelated mechanisms of reproductive performance.
Individual Differences in Deductive Reasoning

Three studies are reported, which examined individual differences in deductive reasoning as a function of intellectual ability and thinking style. Intellectual ability was a good predictor of logical performance on syllogisms, especially where there was a conflict between logic and believability. However, in the first two experiments there was no link between ability and performance on indicative selection tasks, in sharp contrast to previous research. This correlation did, however, return in the final study. Our data are consistent with the claim that the correlation with logical accuracy on abstract selection tasks is found primarily with participants of relatively high ability. At lower levels, pragmatically cued responses are given but those of slightly higher ability divorce the rule from the scenario and respond consistently (though incorrectly) across problems. Self-report questionnaires were generally poor predictors of performance, but a measure of the ability to generate alternative representations proved an excellent predictor. These results are consistent with a mental models approach to reasoning and also have implications for the debate about human rationality.
Object Detection via End-to-End Integration of Aspect Ratio and Context Aware Part-based Models and Fully Convolutional Networks

This paper presents a framework of integrating a mixture of part-based models and region-based convolutional networks for accurate and efficient object detection. Each mixture component consists of a small number of parts accounting for both object aspect ratio and contextual information explicitly. The mixture is category-agnostic for the simplicity of scaling up in applications. Both object aspect ratio and context have been extensively studied in traditional object detection systems such as the mixture of deformable part-based models [13]. They are, however, largely ignored in deep neural network based detection systems [17, 16, 39, 8]. The proposed method addresses this issue in two-fold: (i) It remedies the wrapping artifact due to the generic RoI (region-of-interest) pooling (e.g., a 3 x 3 grid) by taking into account object aspect ratios. (ii) It models both global (from the whole image) and local (from the surrounding of a bounding box) context for improving performance. The integrated framework is fully convolutional and enjoys end-to-end training, which we call the aspect ratio and context aware fully convolutional network (ARC-FCN). In experiments, ARC-FCN shows very competitive results on the PASCAL VOC datasets, especially, it outperforms both Faster R-CNN [39] and R-FCN [8] with significantly better mean average precision (mAP) using larger value for the intersection-over-union (IoU) threshold (i.e., 0.7 in the experiments). ARC-FCN is still sufficiently efficient with a test-time speed of 380ms per image, faster than the Faster R-CNN but slower than the R-FCN.
Mac-1, but Not LFA-1, Uses Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 to Mediate Slow Leukocyte Rolling in TNF-α-Induced Inflammation 1

We have previously shown that Mac-1 and LFA-1 play a cooperative role in slow leukocyte rolling in inflamed vessels, and that, although both have a role in leukocyte adhesion, the contribution from LFA-1 exceeds that of Mac-1. In this study, we used mice deficient in ICAM-1 (ICAM-1null) to study the function of ICAM-1 as an endothelial ligand for Mac-1 and LFA-1. The cremaster muscles of these mice were treated with TNF-α and prepared for intravital microscopy. We found that the average rolling velocity in venules was not different in ICAM-1null mice (4.7 μm/s) compared with wild-type mice (5.1 μm/s). Similarly, leukocyte adhesion efficiency in ICAM-1null mice (0.11 ± 0.01 mm) was similar to that in Mac-1−/− (0.12 ± 0.03 mm) mice but significantly increased compared with that in LFA-1−/− (0.08 ± 0.01 mm) mice and significantly reduced from that in wild type (0.26 ± 0.04 mm). When both LFA-1 and ICAM-1 were blocked, rolling velocity increased, and adhesion efficiency and arrest decreased. However, blocking both Mac-1 and ICAM-1 had no greater effect than either blockade alone. We conclude that endothelial ICAM-1 is the main ligand responsible for slow leukocyte rolling mediated by Mac-1, but not LFA-1.
Effects of Fundamentals on the Exchange Rate: A Panel Analysis for a Sample of Industrialised and Emerging Economies

This paper tests the traditional monetary model of exchange rates for a sample of industrialized and emerging market economies by making use of panel techniques that allow for a high degree of heterogeneity across countries. The results demonstrated partial support for the monetary model for industrialised market economies but not for emerging ones. This constitutes a puzzle as it would expect countries with greater monetary instability to show a stronger association between exchange rates and monetary fundamentals.
Search for young stars among ROSAT All-Sky Survey X-ray sources in and around the R CrA dark cloud ⋆

We present the ROSAT All-Sky Survey data in a 126 deg 2 area in and around the CrA star forming region. With low-resolution spectroscopy of unidentied ROSAT sources we could nd 19 new pre-main sequence stars, two of which are classical T Tauri stars, the others being weak-lined. The spectral types of these new T Tauri stars range from F7 to M6. The two new classical T Tauri stars are located towards two small cloud-lets outside of the main CrA cloud. They appear to be 10 Myrs old, by comparing their location in the H R diagram with isochrones for an assumed distance of 130 pc, the distance of the main CrA dark cloud. The new o-cloud weak-line T Tauri stars may have formed in similar cloudlets, which have dispersed re- cently. High-resolution spectra of our new T Tauri stars show that they have signicantly more lithium absorption than zero-age main-sequence stars of the same spectral type, so that they are indeed young. From those spectra we also obtained rotational and radial velocities. For some stars we found the proper motion in published catalogs. The direction and velocity of the 3D space motion { south relative to the galatic plane { of the CrA T Tauri stars is consistent with the dark cloud being formed originally by a high-velocity cloud impact onto the galactic plane, which triggered Send oprint requests to :R. Neuh¨ ? Partly based on observations collected at the 1.52 m and 3.5 m telescopes of the European Southern Observatory, Chile, in programs 55.E-0549, 57.E-0646, and 63.L-0023, and on ob- servations collected at the 0.9 m, 1.5 m, and 4.0 m CTIO telescope. the star formation in CrA. We also present VRIJHK photometry for most of the new T Tauri stars to derive their luminosities, ages, and masses.
Nonparametric Estimation of Multifactor Continuous Time Interest-Rate Models

In this paper we study the finite sample properties of the nonparametric method developed by Stanton and later extended by Boudoukh, et al. for the estimation of the drifts and diffusions of multifactor continuous-time term-structure models. Monte Carlo simulations from a known parametric model are employed to calculate the performance of the estimator. The paper focuses on the issue of optimal bandwidth selection. The results suggest that, for persistent data-generating processes exhibiting stochastic volatility, such as interest rate data, a bandwidth function that varies over the surface of the data is optimal. The paper also presents a computationally intensive bandwidth-selection procedure that uses dynamic graphics, combining the computational power of the machine with the pattern-recognition abilities of the human brain. The Monte Carlo simulations require the numeric solution of a system of stochastic differential equations. The paper also presents a nonparametric test for the validity of the solutions. This test is useful in other estimation algorithms, such as the efficient method of moments, where numeric solutions of stochastic differential equations are required. The test is also useful as a tool for understanding how the length of the time step used in the numeric solution of the stochastic differential solutions affects the accuracy of the solution.
Identifying large-scale brain networks in fragile X syndrome.

IMPORTANCE Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is an X-linked neurogenetic disorder characterized by a cognitive and behavioral phenotype resembling features of autism spectrum disorder. Until now, research has focused largely on identifying regional differences in brain structure and function between individuals with FXS and various control groups. Very little is known about the large-scale brain networks that may underlie the cognitive and behavioral symptoms of FXS. OBJECTIVE To identify large-scale, resting-state networks in FXS that differ from control individuals matched on age, IQ, and severity of behavioral and cognitive symptoms. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional, in vivo neuroimaging study conducted in an academic medical center. Participants (aged 10-23 years) included 17 males and females with FXS and 16 males and females serving as controls. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Univariate voxel-based morphometric analyses, fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) analysis, and group-independent component analysis with dual regression. RESULTS Patients with FXS showed decreased functional connectivity in the salience, precuneus, left executive control, language, and visuospatial networks compared with controls. Decreased fALFF in the bilateral insular, precuneus, and anterior cingulate cortices also was found in patients with FXS compared with control participants. Furthermore, fALFF in the left insular cortex was significantly positively correlated with IQ in patients with FXS. Decreased gray matter density, resting-state connectivity, and fALFF converged in the left insular cortex in patients with FXS. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Fragile X syndrome results in widespread reductions in functional connectivity across multiple cognitive and affective brain networks. Converging structural and functional abnormalities in the left insular cortex, a region also implicated in individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, suggests that insula integrity and connectivity may be compromised in FXS. This method could prove useful in establishing an imaging biomarker for FXS.
Space Charge Formation in LDPE/MgO Nano-composite Thin Film under Ultra-high DC Electric Stress

Nano-composite technology makes it possible to improve dielectric properties, such as resistivity, breakdown strength and so on, under high DC stress. However, the mechanism of the improvement in MgO nano-composite LDPE (LDPE/MgO) has not been clear, yet. We attempted to clarify the mechanism of the improvement on the electrical properties focused on the space charge formation. To investigate the influence of MgO nano-filler on space charge profiles, we measured the space charge distributions using PEA system under DC electric field of 50 to 250 kV/mm. In the case of LDPE without nano-filler, a positive packet-like charge injection with peak charge density of more than several hundred C/m3 were measured under more than 150 kV/mm. In the case of LDPE/MgO with MgO content of 0.2 phr, an oscillating behavior of packet-like charge was observed when the DC electric field of more than 200 kV/mm was applied to it. On the other hand, in the case of LDPE/MgO with MgO content of more than 0.5 phr, there is no remarkable charge injection. It is thought that space charge behavior is drastically changed by adding only more than 0.5 phr of MgO to LDPE. The nano-composite including more than 0.5 phr shows a superior property to prevent the injection of space charge into bulk
SpAHA1 and SpSOS1 Coordinate in Transgenic Yeast to Improve Salt Tolerance

In plant cells, the plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter SOS1 (salt overly sensitive 1) mediates Na+ extrusion using the proton gradient generated by plasma membrane H+-ATPases, and these two proteins are key plant halotolerance factors. In the present study, two genes from Sesuvium portulacastrum, encoding plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter (SpSOS1) and H+-ATPase (SpAHA1), were cloned. Localization of each protein was studied in tobacco cells, and their functions were analyzed in yeast cells. Both SpSOS1 and SpAHA1 are plasma membrane-bound proteins. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses showed that SpSOS1 and SpAHA1 were induced by salinity, and their expression patterns in roots under salinity were similar. Compared with untransformed yeast cells, SpSOS1 increased the salt tolerance of transgenic yeast by decreasing the Na+ content. The Na+/H+ exchange activity at plasma membrane vesicles was higher in SpSOS1-transgenic yeast than in the untransformed strain. No change was observed in the salt tolerance of yeast cells expressing SpAHA1 alone; however, in yeast transformed with both SpSOS1 and SpAHA1, SpAHA1 generated an increased proton gradient that stimulated the Na+/H+ exchange activity of SpSOS1. In this scenario, more Na+ ions were transported out of cells, and the yeast cells co-expressing SpSOS1 and SpAHA1 grew better than the cells transformed with only SpSOS1 or SpAHA1. These findings demonstrate that the plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter SpSOS1 and H+-ATPase SpAHA1 can function in coordination. These results provide a reference for developing more salt-tolerant crops via co-transformation with the plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter and H+-ATPase.
Field study of the dynamics and modelling of subgrid-scale turbulence in a stable atmospheric surface layer over a glacier

A field experiment – the Snow Horizontal Array Turbulence Study (SnoHATS) – has been performed over an extensive glacier in Switzerland in order to study small-scale turbulence in the stable atmospheric surface layer, and to investigate the role, dynamics and modelling of the subgrid scales (SGSs) in the context of large-eddy simulations. The a priori data analysis aims at comparing the role and behaviour of the SGSs under stable conditions with previous studies under neutral or unstable conditions. It is found that the SGSs in a stable surface layer remain an important sink of temperature variance and turbulent kinetic energy from the resolved scales and carry a significant portion of the fluxes when the filter scale is larger than the distance to the wall. The fraction of SGS fluxes (out of the total fluxes) is found to be independent of stability. In addition, the stress–strain alignment is similar to the alignment under neutral and unstable conditions. The model coefficients vary considerably with stability but in a manner consistent with previous findings, which also showed that scale-dependent dynamic models can capture this variation. Furthermore, the variation of the coefficients for both momentum and heat SGS fluxes can be shown to be better explained by stability parameters based on vertical gradients, rather than vertical fluxes. These findings suggest that small-scale turbulence dynamics and SGS modelling under stable conditions share many important properties with neutral and convective conditions, and that a unified approach is thus possible. This paper concludes with a discussion of some other challenges for stable boundary-layer simulations that are not encountered in the neutral or unstable cases.
Polarised Asymmetric Inheritance of Accumulated Protein Damage in Higher Eukaryotes

Disease-associated misfolded proteins or proteins damaged due to cellular stress are generally disposed via the cellular protein quality-control system. However, under saturating conditions, misfolded proteins will aggregate. In higher eukaryotes, these aggregates can be transported to accumulate in aggresomes at the microtubule organizing center. The fate of cells that contain aggresomes is currently unknown. Here we report that cells that have formed aggresomes can undergo normal mitosis. As a result, the aggregated proteins are asymmetrically distributed to one of the daughter cells, leaving the other daughter free of accumulated protein damage. Using both epithelial crypts of the small intestine of patients with a protein folding disease and Drosophila melanogaster neural precursor cells as models, we found that the inheritance of protein aggregates during mitosis occurs with a fixed polarity indicative of a mechanism to preserve the long-lived progeny.
The Histone Acetyltransferase Gcn5 Regulates ncRNA-ICR1 and FLO11 Expression during Pseudohyphal Development in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Filamentous growth is one of the key features of pathogenic fungi during the early infectious phase. The pseudohyphal development of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae shares similar characteristics with hyphae elongation in pathogenic fungi. The expression of FLO11 is essential for adhesive growth and filament formation in yeast and is governed by a multilayered transcriptional network. Here we discovered a role for the histone acetyltransferase general control nonderepressible 5 (Gcn5) in regulating FLO11-mediated pseudohyphal growth. The expression patterns of FLO11 were distinct in haploid and diploid yeast under amino acid starvation induced by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3AT). In diploids, FLO11 expression was substantially induced at a very early stage of pseudohyphal development and decreased quickly, but in haploids, it was gradually induced. Furthermore, the transcription factor Gcn4 was recruited to the Sfl1-Flo8 toggle sites at the FLO11 promoter under 3AT treatment. Moreover, the histone acetylase activity of Gcn5 was required for FLO11 induction. Finally, Gcn5 functioned as a negative regulator of the noncoding RNA ICR1, which is known to suppress FLO11 expression. Gcn5 plays an important role in the regulatory network of FLO11 expression via Gcn4 by downregulating ICR1 expression, which derepresses FLO11 for promoting pseudohyphal development.
Modelling the Late Maunder Minimum with a 3-dimensional OAGCM

A fully coupled OAGCM has been forced with the solar variability, the volcanism and the greenhouse gas concentrations for the last 450 years. The simulation shows almost global cooling during the Late Maunder Minimum (LMM, 1675-1715) with the lowest values in the North Atlantic. This is consistent with the available historic reconstructions. The rate of cooling at the onset of the LMM and the rate of warming at the end of the LMM is in the same range or even larger than what has been experienced since the industrialization. During the first half of the LMM the NAO has a negative phase allowing cold Siberian air to penetrate deeply into Europe. During the second half, the NAO shifts into a positive phase, thus contributing to the warming, which eventually marked the end of the LMM. The North Atlantic experiences a “Great Salinity Anomaly”, which leads to an increased ice-coverage in the Denmark Straight.