Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observations of Bullying and Victimization in the School Yard

The purpose of this research was to describe bullying on the playground The subjects were children observed either bullying or being victimized on the playground. Bullying episodes were identified with 90% inter-rater agreement. Bullying occurred regularly on the playground, approximately once every seven minutes and was of short duration, 38 seconds. The majority of bullying episodes (68%) occurred within 120 feet of the school building. Adults were found to have intervened in 4% of the episodes, while peers intervened in 11% of the episodes. However, adults were more likely to intervene than peers if they were present. Peers were involved in some capacity in 85% of the episodes. Boys bullied more than girls and were more likely to bully victims of the same-sex and repeatedly target the same victim. There were no gender differences in the type of bullying and aggression. Children in the primary and junior grades were equally likely to be involved in bullying and tended to bully students from the same grade level. The results are discussed from an individual difference, socialinteractional, and ecological perspective.
IGBT Junction Temperature Measurement via Peak Gate Current

An electrical method for junction temperature measurement of MOS-gated power semiconductor devices is presented. The measurement method involves detecting the peak voltage over the external gate resistor of an insulated-gate bipolar transistor or MOSFET during turn-on. This voltage is directly proportional to the peak gate current, and fluctuates with temperature due to the temperature-dependent resistance of the internal gate resistance. Primary advantages of the method include an immunity to load current variation, and a good linear relationship with temperature. A measurement circuit can be integrated into a gate driver with no disruption to operation and allows autonomous measurements controlled directly via the gate signal. Advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed.
A conceptual framework for analyzing deception and debriefing effects in marketing research

Deception and debriefing are commonly used marketing research procedures. However, marketers have paid little attention to the ethical and methodological issues inherent in the use of these practices. One explanation may be that greater emphasis has traditionally been placed on research outcomes than on how the research results were generated. In this article we attempt to redress this situation by examining the methodological and ethical issues concerning deception and debriefing from a process perspective. We review the past research on deception and debriefing, identify key psychological processes by which deception and debriefing influence participants, and present a framework for understanding the effects of both deceptions and debriefings on research participants. We then show how the results generated from this framework can be examined from an ethical perspective to provide a better understanding of the benefits and costs of the research to all stakeholders. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
How Soft Is That Pillow? The Perceptual Localization of the Hand and the Haptic Assessment of Contact Rigidity

A new haptic illusion is described, in which the location of the mobile object affects the perception of its rigidity. There is theoretical and experimental support for the notion that limb position sense results from the brain combining ongoing sensory information with expectations arising from prior experience. How does this probabilistic state information affect one's tactile perception of the environment mechanics? In a simple estimation process, human subjects were asked to report the relative rigidity of two simulated virtual objects. One of the objects remained fixed in space and had various coefficients of stiffness. The other virtual object had constant stiffness but moved with respect to the subjects. Earlier work suggested that the perception of an object's rigidity is consistent with a process of regression between the contact force and the perceived amount of penetration inside the object's boundary. The amount of penetration perceived by the subject was affected by varying the position of the object. This, in turn, had a predictable effect on the perceived rigidity of the contact. Subjects' reports on the relative rigidity of the object are best accounted for by a probabilistic model in which the perceived boundary of the object is estimated based on its current location and on past observations. Therefore, the perception of contact rigidity is accounted for by a stochastic process of state estimation underlying proprioceptive localization of the hand.
Die Entwicklung des Emotionswissens und der behavioralen Selbstregulation bei Vorschulkindern mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund

Die vorliegende Untersuchung erkundet, ob sich Kindergartenkinder mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund in ihrem Emotionsverstandnis und ihrer behavioralen Selbstregulation unterscheiden. 356 drei- bis sechsjahrige Kinder mit deutschen Eltern wurden mit 115 Kindern mit mindestens einem nicht-deutschen Elternteil hinsichtlich ihres Emotionsverstandnisses (TEC) und ihrer Selbstregulation (HTKS) miteinander verglichen, wobei zunachst nur das Alter der Kinder kontrolliert wurde. Dabei konnten starke Haupteffekte fur den Migrationshintergrund und keine Haupteffekte fur das Geschlecht nachgewiesen werden. Nach Berucksichtigung des Sprachverstandnisses der Kinder verschwand der Einfluss des Migrationshintergrundes auf das Emotionsverstandnis und die behaviorale Selbstregulation. Vielmehr konnte eine bedeutsame Rolle des rezeptiven Sprachverstandnisses festgestellt werden, die wiederum mit dem Herkunftsland der Eltern zusammenhing. So zeigten Kinder mit mindestens einem nicht-deutschen Elternteil im Mittel ein schlechteres Sprachverstandnis sowie weniger gut ausgebildete Fahigkeiten beim Emotionsverstandnis und bei der behavioralen Selbstregulation als Kinder mit zwei deutschen Eltern. Die Rolle der Sprache beim Erwerb von Emotionsverstandnis und Selbstregulation wird diskutiert. Schlagworter Emotionsverstandnis – behaviorale Selbstregulation – Migration – Kindergartenalter – Test of Emotion Comprehension (TEC) The present study explores whether kindergarten children with and without immigrant parents in Germany differ in respect to their emotion understanding (TEC) and their behavioral selfregulation (HTKS). 356 three-to-six-year-olds with germanborn parents were contrasted with 155 children with at least one parent who was born abroad. In addition, influences of children’s age, gender, and their receptive understanding of the German language were included in the analyses. There were strong effects for migration background and no main effects for gender. When children’s language abilities were included in the analyses, the significant influence of having at least one immigrant parent on emotion understanding and behavioral self regulation disappeared. Moreover: receptive language skills that are related to parents’ migration status exerted themselves a significant influence. Children with at least one non-german parent were on average less proficient in their receptive language abilities, their emotion understanding, and their behavioral self-regulation than children of two germanborn parents. The function of language for the acquisition of emotion understanding and self regulation is discussed. Keywords Emotion understanding – behavioral self regulation – migration – kindergarten children – Test of Emotion Comprehension (TEC)
How Knowledge Management Systems Support Organizational Knowledge Creation -- An In-depth Case Study

Having recognized knowledge's relevance as a strategic resource and thus its importance for competitiveness, organizations aim at transforming individual knowledge into organizational knowledge to provide information for all types of technical and managerial decisions. Considering the four processes of organizational knowledge creation theory, we conduct a case study of one of the worldwide leading medium-sized consultancies in the field of supply chain management and procurement and analyze how organizational knowledge creation is supported by knowledge management (KM) systems. While identifying KM system features for each of the four knowledge-creating processes, we also highlight shortcomings of the KM system that should be addressed for efficient organizational knowledge creation. We thus advance the theoretical understanding in this research discipline and guide future system developments towards an ideal fit between information technology and the organization.
Survey of Vehicle IoT Bluetooth Devices

Modern vehicles equipped with wireless technologies such as Bluetooth can basically be considered mobile IoT devices. Users can connect their smart phones to their cars to for example use the car's speakers and microphones to make phone calls or read out various diagnostics data from the car such as engine speed and coolant temperature. However, to provide high usability and also often due to limitations in physical input/output capabilities of Bluetooth devices, there may be errors in the implementations where Bluetooth security features are not fully utilized for the pairing procedure. For example, attackers can target vehicle IoT devices using fixed unchangeable PINs that are always in discoverable mode and pair with such devices by guessing the PINs. If these devices are connected to the in-vehicle network, an attacker in control of such a device could execute attacks by injecting arbitrary messages into the in-vehicle network. These attacks could have serious consequences on human life as they can affect the safety of the car. Therefore, it is imperative to provide proper security measures for vehicle IoT devices that provide a potential entry point to the in-vehicle network.
Clinical efficacy and prognosis factors of open calcaneal fracture: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND Treatment of open calcaneal fractures remains to be a challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. The aim of this study is to assess factors affecting the treatment results of open calcaneal fractures. METHODS A total of 98 patients who have 101 open calcaneal fractures were recruited in our hospital, they were all treated with a standard protocol based on the appearance of the traumatic wound. Data on mechanism of injury, location and size of wound, classification, fixation methods and subsequent soft-tissue complications were collected and evaluated. AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Survey and physical examinations were performed to access outcomes. RESULTS No statistical difference was found in complication and AOFAS score in open calcaneal fractures treated with different fixation, and no statistical difference was found in AOFAS between gustilo I and II type open calcaneal fractures (P > 0.05). There was significant difference between gustilo I and III type or gustilo II and III type fractures (P < 0.05). The more serious soft tissue injury of open calcaneal fracture lead to the worse outcome and higher incidence of complications obtained. CONCLUSION Open calcaneal fractures have a high propensity for soft-tissue complications no matter which fixation method was chose. There was no significant difference between patients who had been treated with different fixations in complication rates. Soft-tissue injury played an important role in outcomes of open calcaneal fractures. Deep infections and osteomyelitis were rare by means of emergency debridement and following repeated debridement.
The Efficacy of Self-Examination Therapy and Cognitive Bibliotherapy in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Depression

To determine the efficacy of two self-administered treatments in the treatment of mild to moderate depression, thirty-two middle aged adults volunteered for a study in which they were randomly assigned to either cognitive bibliotherapy, self-examination therapy, or a wait list control group. After a one-month wait, participants in the wait list control group received one of the two self-administered treatments. Analyses indicated that participants in cognitive bibliotherapy and self-examination therapy differed significantly from participants in the wait list control group, and symptomatic improvement in these two groups was maintained for two months after treatment ended. The wait list control group also showed improvement in depressive symptoms after receiving one of the self-administered treatments. Cognitive bibliotherapy and self-examination therapy were nondifferentially efficacious. The brevity and flexibility of self-examination therapy suggests that this self-administered treatment may be a viabl.
SMT from Agglutinative Languages: Use of Suffix Separation and Word Splitting

Marathi and Hindi both being Indo-Aryan family members and using Devanagari script are similar to a great extent. Both follow SOV sentence structure and are equally liberal in word order. The translation for this language pair appears to be easy. But experiments show this to be a significantly difficult task, primarily due to the fact that Marathi is morphologically richer compared to Hindi. We propose a Marathi to Hindi Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) system which makes use of compound word splitting to tackle the morphological richness of Marathi.
TUCH: Turning Cross-view Hashing into Single-view Hashing via Generative Adversarial Nets

Cross-view retrieval, which focuses on searching images as response to text queries or vice versa, has received increasing attention recently. Cross-view hashing is to efficiently solve the cross-view retrieval problem with binary hash codes. Most existing works on cross-view hashing exploit multi-view embedding method to tackle this problem, which inevitably causes the information loss in both image and text domains. Inspired by the Generative Adversarial Nets (GANs), this paper presents a new model that is able to Turn Cross-view Hashing into single-view hashing (TUCH), thus enabling the information of image to be preserved as much as possible. TUCH is a novel deep architecture that integrates a language model network T for text feature extraction, a generator network G to generate fake images from text feature and a hashing network H for learning hashing functions to generate compact binary codes. Our architecture effectively unifies joint generative adversarial learning and cross-view hashing. Extensive empirical evidence shows that our TUCH approach achieves state-of-the-art results, especially on text to image retrieval, based on image-sentences datasets, i.e. standard IAPRTC-12 and large-scale Microsoft COCO.
Revision of the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test: Studies of normal performance, reliability, and validity.

There is an increasing demand for alternate-form neuropsychological tests that can be used in clinical trials with little risk of direct practice effect. Although the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test (BVMT) includes six equivalent alternate forms, its administration is limited to an immediate and 25-min delayed free-recall trial. We now present a revised version of the BVMT called the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) that includes three learning trials, a 25-min delayed recall trial, and a delayed yes/no recognition task. A new scoring system, which accounts for the location of test stimuli as well as the accuracy of recall, is also introduced. Using these new administration and scoring procedures, we administered the BVMT-R to 261 neuropsychiatric patients and 456 normal healthy adults. The results indicated that the test has excellent interform reliability, and the construct and criterion-related validity of the test were supported in studies using clinical samples. Although the BVMT-R is not without its limitations, the test's brevity and alternate-form capacity make it a valuable instrument for serial neuropsychological assessments.
VE‐cadherin‐CreERT2 transgenic mouse: A model for inducible recombination in the endothelium

To introduce temporal control in genetic experiments targeting the endothelium, we established a mouse line expressing tamoxifen‐inducible Cre‐recombinase (Cre‐ERT2) under the regulation of the vascular endothelial cadherin promoter (VECad). Specificity and efficiency of Cre activity was documented by crossing VECad‐Cre‐ERT2 with the ROSA26R reporter mouse, in which a floxed‐stop cassette has been placed upstream of the β‐galactosidase gene. We found that tamoxifen specifically induced widespread recombination in the endothelium of embryonic, neonatal, and adult tissues. Recombination was also documented in tumor‐associated vascular beds and in postnatal angiogenesis assays. Furthermore, injection of tamoxifen in adult animals resulted in negligible excision (lower than 0.4%) in the hematopoietic lineage. The VECad‐Cre‐ERT2 mouse is likely to be a valuable tool to study the function of genes involved in vascular development, homeostasis, and in complex processes involving neoangiogenesis, such as tumor growth. Developmental Dynamics 235:3413–3422, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apatite Induction by Insoluble Dentin Collagen

Phosphoproteins are thought to play a role in mineral formation in dentin. A portion of this phosphoprotein is bound to collagen. We have investigated the requirement for bound phosphate in mineral induction by isolated dentin collagen. Insoluble bovine dentin collagen obtained by ethylene‐diamino‐tetra‐acetic acid (EDTA) demineralization had 19.5 mol of P/mol of collagen that could not be extracted with 0.5 M EDTA in 4 M guanidine HCl. When this collagen was incubated in supersaturated solutions that did not spontaneously precipitate, apatite was induced. With progressive enzymatic dephosphorylation, induction times for mineral formation became progressively longer. The dentin did not induce mineral formation when 90% of the ester phosphate was removed. Insoluble bone collagen, which had even less phosphate, also did not induce mineral formation. Mineral induction times by dentin collagen increased with decreasing solution saturations. Using these data, the interfacial tension for mineral induction was determined to be 90 ergs/cm2. This value approximated that of phosphatidic acid liposomes and of phosvitin cross‐linked to agarose beads, and it might reflect the energetics of heterogeneous nucleation on a highly phosphorylated surface. Sequestering of calcium‐phosphate clusters on the phosphoprotein probably accounts for the observed calcium binding by dentin collagen in excess of that required to neutralize the phosphate esters of the collagen. Because the phosphoprotein is immobilized at a low density on the collagen, it cannot self‐associate in calcium‐phosphate solutions as it does when it is free in solution. This immobilized phosphoprotein allows the mineral clusters formed on its surface to grow into a crystalline order.
Assembly of the intestinal brush border: appearance and redistribution of microvillar core proteins in developing chick enterocytes

The assembly of the intestinal microvillus cytoskeleton during embryogenesis in the chick was examined by immunochemical and light microscopic immunolocalization techniques. For these studies, affinity- purified antibodies reactive with three major cytoskeletal proteins of the adult intestinal microvillus, fimbrin, villin, and the 110-kD subunit of the 110K-calmodulin protein complex were prepared. Immunocytochemical staining of frozen sections of embryonic duodena revealed that all three proteins were present at detectable levels at the earliest stages examined, day 7-8 of incubation (Hamilton/Hamburger stages 25-30). Although initially all three proteins were diffusely distributed throughout the cytoplasm, there was a marked asynchrony in the accumulation of these core proteins within the apical domain of the enterocyte. Villin displayed concentrated apical staining by embryonic day 8 (stage 28), while the apical concentration of fimbrin was first observed at embryonic day 10 (stage 37). Diffuse staining of the enterocyte cytoplasm with the anti-110K was observed throughout development until a few days before hatch. By embryonic day 19-21 110K staining was concentrated at the cell periphery (apical and basolateral). The restricted apical localization characteristic of 110K in the adult brush border was not observed until the day of hatching. Immunoblot analysis of whole, solubilized embryonic duodena confirmed the presence of 110K, villin, and fimbrin throughout development and indicated substantial increases in all three proteins, particularly late in development. Immunoblot staining with anti-110K also revealed the presence of a high molecular mass (200 kD) immunoreactive species in embryonic intestine. This 200-kD form was absent from isolated embryonic enterocytes and may be a component of intestinal smooth muscle.
Polydeoxyribonucleotide, an Adenosine-A2A Receptor Agonist, Preserves Blood Testis Barrier from Cadmium-Induced Injury

Cadmium (Cd) impairs blood-testis barrier (BTB). Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), an adenosine A2A agonist, has positive effects on male reproductive system. We investigated the effects of PDRN on the morphological and functional changes induced by Cd in mice testes. Adult Swiss mice were divided into four groups: controls administered with 0.9% NaCl (1 ml/kg, i.p., daily) or with PDRN (8 mg/kg, i.p. daily), animals challenged with Cd chloride (CdCl2; 2 mg/kg, i.p, daily) and animals challenged with CdCl2 (2 mg/kg, i.p., daily) and treated with PDRN (8 mg/kg, i.p., daily). Experiments lasted 14 days. Testes were processed for biochemical, structural, and ultrastructural evaluation and hormones were assayed in serum. CdCl2 increased pERK 1/2 expression and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) levels; it decreased testosterone (TE) and inhibin-B levels and induced structural damages in extratubular compartment and in seminiferous epithelium, with ultrastructural features of BTB disruption. Many TUNEL-positive germ cells were present. CdCl2 increased tubular TGF-β3 immunoreactivity and reduced claudin-11, occludin, and N-cadherin immunoreactivity. PDRN administration reduced pERK 1/2 expression, FSH, and LH levels; it increased TE and inhibin-B levels, ameliorated germinal epithelium changes and protected BTB ultrastructure. Few TUNEL-positive germ cells were present and the extratubular compartment was preserved. Furthermore, PDRN decreased TGF-β3 immunoreactivity and enhanced claudin-11, occludin, and N-cadherin immunoreactivity. We demonstrate a protective effect of PDRN on Cd-induced damages of BTB and suggest that PDRN may play an important role against Cd, particularly against its harmful effects on gametogenesis.
DIRT – Discovery of Inference Rules from Text

In this paper, we propose an unsupervised method for discovering inference rules from text, such as “ X is author of Y ≈ X wrote Y ”, “ X solved Y ≈ X found a solution to Y ”, and “ X caused Y ≈ Y is triggered by X ”. Inference rules are extremely important in many fields such as natural language processing, information retrieval, and artificial intelligence in general. Our algorithm is based on an extended version of Harris’ Distributional Hypothesis, which states that words that occurred in the same contexts tend to be similar. Instead of using this hypothesis on words, we apply it to paths in the dependency trees of a parsed corpus.