Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gene Expression Profiling Reveals New Aspects of PIK3CA Mutation in ERalpha-Positive Breast Cancer: Major Implication of the Wnt Signaling Pathway

Background The PI3K/AKT pathway plays a pivotal role in breast cancer development and maintenance. PIK3CA, encoding the PI3K catalytic subunit, is the oncogene exhibiting a high frequency of gain-of-function mutations leading to PI3K/AKT pathway activation in breast cancer. PIK3CA mutations have been observed in 30% to 40% of ERα-positive breast tumors. However the physiopathological role of PIK3CA mutations in breast tumorigenesis remains largely unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings To identify relevant downstream target genes and signaling activated by aberrant PI3K/AKT pathway in breast tumors, we first analyzed gene expression with a pangenomic oligonucleotide microarray in a series of 43 ERα-positive tumors with and without PIK3CA mutations. Genes of interest were then investigated in 249 ERα-positive breast tumors by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. A robust collection of 19 genes was found to be differently expressed in PIK3CA-mutated tumors. PIK3CA mutations were associated with over-expression of several genes involved in the Wnt signaling pathway (WNT5A, TCF7L2, MSX2, TNFRSF11B), regulation of gene transcription (SEC14L2, MSX2, TFAP2B, NRIP3) and metal ion binding (CYP4Z1, CYP4Z2P, SLC40A1, LTF, LIMCH1). Conclusion/Significance This new gene set should help to understand the behavior of PIK3CA-mutated cancers and detailed knowledge of Wnt signaling activation could lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
Students’ perceptions of a reporting and feedback system for learning and development in an ‘inviting school’ in Hong Kong

This small-scale study aimed to explore how the reporting and feedback system in an inviting school in Hong Kong attempts to facilitate students’ learning and development. In particular, the study examined how students in an inviting setting felt about the reporting system in relation to their own learning and development. Any associations between feedback given to students and their subsequent development of greater self-regulation were considered. Data were generated from individual and focus group interviews with a small sample of Grade 7 and Grade 10 students. The results revealed four key aspects of the school context that students regarded as helpful to facilitate the function of the reporting system. The potential relationship between feedback and reflection, and the roles these play in the acquisition of self-regulation in students, are discussed.
Allophone Students in French Second-Official-Language Programs: A Literature Review

In Canada, education in French as a second language (FSL) offers students the opportunity to learn a second official language. Is such an opportunity appropriate for allophone students who are still in the process of learning English? This literature review provides a fourfold consideration of the issue. Section 1 examines the political response by investigating whether Canadian federal policies provide for the inclusion of allophone students in FSL programs. Section 2 provides an overview of provincial policies, specifically examining allophone students' access to FSL. A review of the literature regarding the motivation of allophone students is found in Section 3. Finally, Section 4 details the research on the achievement of allophone students studying French. Au Canada, l'enseignement du français langue seconde (FLS) offre aux èlèves l'occasion d'apprendre une deuxième langue officielle. Une telle occasion est-elle approprièe pour les èlèves allophones qui sont encore en train d'apprendre l'anglais ? La prèsente revue de la littèrature considère cette question sous quatre angles diffèrents. La première partie examine la rèponse du point de vue politique en tentant de dèterminer si les politiques du gouvernement du Canada prèvoient l'inclusion des èlèves allophones dans les programmes de FLS. La deuxième partie donne une vue d'ensemble des politiques provinciales, en ètudiant plus spècifiquement l'accès au FLS par les èlèves allophones. La troisième partie prèsente une revue de la littèrature sur la motivation des èlèves allophones. Enfin, la dernière partie fait ètat de la recherche sur la rèussite des èlèves allophones ètudiant le français.
STEREOSCOPIC 3 D-IMAGE SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF SEA SURFACES

Numerical modelling of highly complex processes in the surf and swash zone is an important task in coastal zone management. As input and reference data for these numerical models three-dimensional information about the water surface is required. In this paper a method for reconstructing a dynamic digital surface model of a surf zone based on stereoscopic image sequences is presented. The surface model is obtained by digital image matching using a variation of the vertical line locus method. The processing principles for stereoscopic image sequence analysis and the results are described. The image matching is checked by manual stereo analysis and gauge data. The research area is a groyne field on a North Sea island in Germany.
Developing a ‘clinical’ model for teacher education

This paper reports on the introduction of a ‘clinical model’ of teacher education at the University of Glasgow in 2011. The account is set against the backdrop of a review of major contemporary developments in teacher education. The common focus in this work is on such themes as the key function of the practicum, on ‘teaching schools’ and on the roles and responsibilities of the various players in teacher professional learning. The context for reform of teacher education in Scotland is described, showing how the opportunity for a radical intervention arose. The distinctive features of the Glasgow model are set out and a summary of the findings of the internal evaluation carried out at the University is offered. Issues identified include challenges of communication, the nature of professional learning and the cultural embeddedness of existing practices. In the light of this initiative, the paper then reviews insights gained concerning the relationship between policy, practice and research in teacher education, before concluding with comments on the future of research in teacher education.
Evaluation of ultrasound-guided radial artery cannulation in children

Objective: To compare ultrasound (US)-guided radial artery cannulation with the traditional palpation technique. Design: Prospective randomized study. Setting: Operating room in a tertiary care pediatric center. Patients: One hundred fifty-two children under 18 yrs of age requiring radial artery cannulation. Interventions: Patients were randomized to either 1) palpation or 2) US guidance technique for radial artery cannulation. Measurements and Main Results: The primary end point of the study was the time taken for attempted cannulation by the first operator at the first site. Secondary end points included the number of attempts at arterial cannulation, the number of cannulae used, and the need for additional assistance from another anesthesiologist. Eighty and 72 children were randomized to the palpation and the US-guided groups, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, weight, and systolic blood pressure between the two study groups. The designated first operator (20 pediatric subspecialty trainees and eight consultant anesthesiologists) had previous experience in US-guided arterial cannulation in <10 cases, with 94% having experience in <5 cases. Although the radial artery was eventually cannulated in all patients, the designated operator was successful at the first site of cannulation in only 66% and 69% in the palpation and US groups, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in time to successful cannulation, total number of attempts, number of successful cannulations during the first attempt, or in the number of cannulae used for catheterization. Conclusions: US guidance did not facilitate faster cannulation of the radial artery in children in our study.
Upper Limb Robot-Assisted Therapy in Chronic and Subacute Stroke Patients: A Kinematic Analysis

Objective The aim of this study was to compare motor recovery in subacute and chronic stroke patients through clinical assessment scales and a set of kinematic parameters recorded using a robotic system. Design Fifty post-stroke patients, 25 subacute and 25 chronic, and 20 healthy subjects participated in this study. The InMotion 2.0 robotic system for shoulder/elbow rehabilitation was used. Clinical outcome measures were used for assessment. Kinematic parameters related to the speed measured at the robot’s end effector and to the movement’s smoothness were computed. Results The results of this study show that the robot-assisted training can contribute to reduce motor impairment in both subacute and chronic stroke patients. The evaluation of the kinematic parameters and their correlation with the clinical scales highlight some differences in mechanisms of recovery in subacute and chronic stroke patients. Conclusions The proposed set of kinematic parameters and the analysis of the reaching movements’ onset time, associated with a quantitative evaluation of motor improvement provided by the clinical outcome measures, are also able to quantify the changes in the quality of motion obtained after robot-assisted therapy in stroke patients. The higher gain in the subacute stroke patients suggests that the rehabilitative treatment provided at an earlier stage is able to avoid the development of pathologic patterns, resulting in a better quality of motion.
CD1d1-Dependent Control of the Magnitude of an Acute Antiviral Immune Response1

CD1d1-restricted NK T (NKT) cells rapidly secrete both Th1 and Th2 cytokines upon activation and are therefore thought to play a regulatory role during an immune response. In this study we examined the role of CD1d1 molecules and NKT cells in regulating virus-induced cytokine production. CD1d1-deficient (CD1KO) mice, which lack NKT cells, were infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and spontaneous cytokine release from splenocytes was measured. We found that CD1KO mice produce significantly higher amounts of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ compared with wild-type controls postinfection. Depletion studies of individual lymphocyte subpopulations suggested that CD4+ T cells are required; however, isolation of specific lymphocyte populations indicated that CD4+ T cells alone are not sufficient for the increase in cytokine production in CD1KO mice. Splenocytes from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-infected CD1KO mice continued to produce enhanced cytokine levels long after viral clearance and cleared viral RNA faster than wild-type mice. There was no difference in the number of splenocytes between uninfected wild-type and CD1KO mice, whereas the latter knockout mice had an increased number of splenocytes after infection. Collectively, these data provide clear evidence that the expression of CD1d1 molecules controls the magnitude of the cell-mediated immune response to an acute viral infection.
Social science and the ignoble savage

Introduction 1. The four stages theory and its prehistory 2. 'In the beginning all the World was America' 3. The French pioneers of the 1750s 4. The Scottish pioneers of the 1750s 5. The ignoble savage and 'the history of rude nations' 6. Revisionists, poets, and economists Afterword Index.
A functional analysis of presidential television spots: A comparison of Korean and American ads

This study applies the Functional Theory of Political Campaign Discourse to the television spots from the 2002 Korean presidential campaign. TV ads appear to have become an institutionalized component of the Korean presidential campaign; as yet no study has examined the most recent Korean presidential ads. Like American candidates, Korean presidential candidates rely more on acclaims (positive utterances) than attacks (negative statements). They also rarely defend in spots. The incumbent party candidate, Roh, offered more acclaims than the challenger Lee, whereas the challenger Lee used more attacks than did Roh. However, unlike American candidates (who emphasized policy over character), policy (issue) and character (image) were almost equally discussed in Korean advertisements. Unlike American presidential candidates, the winner in Korea in 2002 emphasized character more than policy. It is clear that presidential campaign messages from these two cultures possess both similarities and differences.
Critical Structures in the Evaluation of Translations from Arabic into English as a Second Language

Abstract It is argued in this paper that the output of translators working into English as a second language can be evaluated by means of examining their ability to translate certain critical structures. These claims are made on the basis of data-based research with the support of a cognitive theory about language processing during translation, and an analytical procedure that models the decision pathways of translators. In brief, it will be argued that in timed translation into English as a second language, certain critical structures can provide important data, which can assist in evaluating translation students and in syllabus design. Specifically, the structures of ellipsis and relative clauses appear to be critical cases. The paper begins with a discussion of the relevance and distinctiveness of translation into English as a second language (TRESL). A sketch of the underpinning theory is presented, followed by a study of translations by Arabic-English student translators. The paper ends with a discussion of the usefulness of critical structures in evaluating cross-clause processing and cognitive style in translators working into English as a second language.
Finding the Terror that the Social Self Manages: Interdependent Self-Construal Protects Against the Anxiety Engendered by Death Awareness

Existentialists have theorized that defining one's self in terms of the broader groups to which one belongs (i.e., interdependent self-construal) helps prevent humans' awareness of death from causing anxiety. Consistent with this assertion, research has shown that when death-awareness is experimentally heightened, people's investment in their social groups increases. However, no research has tested the central assertion that high levels of interdependent self-construal attenuate the effect of heightened death-awareness on anxiety. In two experiments, we assessed participants' interdependent self-construal, then experimentally heightened death awareness, and subsequently assessed death anxiety (Study 1) and unspecified anxiety (Study 2). Results showed that heightened death awareness increased death anxiety and unspecified anxiety, but only for those with a low, not high, interdependent self-construal.
YodaNN: An Ultra-Low Power Convolutional Neural Network Accelerator Based on Binary Weights

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have revolutionized the world of image classification over the last few years, pushing the computer vision close beyond human accuracy. The required computational effort of CNNs today requires power-hungry parallel processors and GP-GPUs. Recent efforts in designing CNN Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) and accelerators for System-On-Chip (SoC) integration have achieved very promising results. Unfortunately, even these highly optimized engines are still above the power envelope imposed by mobile and deeply embedded applications and face hard limitations caused by CNN weight I/O and storage. On the algorithmic side, highly competitive classification accuracy canbe achieved by properly training CNNs with binary weights. This novel algorithm approach brings major optimization opportunities in the arithmetic core by removing the need for the expensive multiplications as well as in the weight storage and I/O costs. In this work, we present a HW accelerator optimized for BinaryConnect CNNs that achieves 1510 GOp/s on a corearea of only 1.33 MGE and with a power dissipation of 153 mW in UMC 65 nm technology at 1.2 V. Our accelerator outperforms state-of-the-art performance in terms of ASIC energy efficiency as well as area efficiency with 61.2 TOp/s/W and 1135 GOp/s/MGE, respectively.
A novel concept of embedding orthogonal basis function expansion in a feedforward neural equaliser

The proposed neural equaliser structure is based on an orthogonal basis function (OBF) expansion technique, motivated by genetic evolutionary concept, which utilizes a self-breeding approach to evolve new information so as to consolidate the final output.The equaliser structure developed using this novel approach has outperformed the conventional multilayer feedforward neural network (FNN) equaliser with a wide margin and its bit-error-rate performance is close to that of an optimal Bayesian equaliser. Also it learns faster with less training samples.Application of this proposed technique also reduces the structural complexity of a conventional FNN equaliser and has the potential to become a challenging candidate for real-time implementation issue.
Dose Effect of Intratympanic Dexamethasone for Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: 24 mg/mL Is Superior to 10 mg/mL

Objective To compare outcomes in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) treated with intratympanic (IT) dexamethasone (DEX) at either 10 mg/mL or 24 mg/mL. Study Design Retrospective case series. Setting Tertiary referral center. Patients Thirty-seven adults with ISSNHL. Interventions In addition to concurrent prednisone taper, patients received a series of IT DEX injections for 2 weeks with either 10 mg/mL or 24 mg/mL. Main Outcome Measure Greater than 30-dB improvement in pure-tone average (PTA). Results Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Mean follow-up was 10 weeks. Ten (53%) of 19 patients treated with 24 mg/mL had greater than 30-dB improvement in PTA compared with 3 (17%) of 18 treated with 10 mg/mL (p = 0.0382, Fisher’s exact test). There was a trend toward improved word recognition score outcome with 24 mg/mL. The interval between onset and initiation of IT DEX significantly affected outcome, with earlier treatment resulting in greater improvement in PTA and word recognition score. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that IT DEX dose and interval to starting treatment were both independent predictors of PTA outcome. Change in PTA was not significantly affected by age, sex, pretreatment hearing levels, or concurrent treatment with hyperbaric oxygen. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of superiority of IT DEX at 24 mg/mL for the treatment of ISSNHL, with significantly better recovery of PTA. Our data suggest that treatment should be initiated as soon as possible. A prospective randomized trial to confirm the optimal dose is warranted.
STUDY ON MANAGEMENT OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE PROJECTS

The ideology of open source software development is spearheading a shift in the way we approach the process of software development. Not only is it changing the perception of costs associated with projects, but also the management aspect of these development processes. The management of open source projects is very different from a traditional project due to the inherent nature of the objectives, team structure and the benefits involved. Several studies have examined various issues related to the management of these proje cts. However there is a lack of a study that puts together all the findings so that the interrelationships between these findings can be explored. This study tries to overcome this shortcoming and present the findings of other studies in a comprehensive ma nner and at the same time look at the entire process from a bird' eye point of view.
The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease at 25 years

Despite continuing debate about the amyloid β‐protein (or Aβ hypothesis, new lines of evidence from laboratories and clinics worldwide support the concept that an imbalance between production and clearance of Aβ42 and related Aβ peptides is a very early, often initiating factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Confirmation that presenilin is the catalytic site of γ‐secretase has provided a linchpin: all dominant mutations causing early‐onset AD occur either in the substrate (amyloid precursor protein, APP) or the protease (presenilin) of the reaction that generates Aβ. Duplication of the wild‐type APP gene in Down's syndrome leads to Aβ deposits in the teens, followed by microgliosis, astrocytosis, and neurofibrillary tangles typical of AD. Apolipoprotein E4, which predisposes to AD in > 40% of cases, has been found to impair Aβ clearance from the brain. Soluble oligomers of Aβ42 isolated from AD patients' brains can decrease synapse number, inhibit long‐term potentiation, and enhance long‐term synaptic depression in rodent hippocampus, and injecting them into healthy rats impairs memory. The human oligomers also induce hyperphosphorylation of tau at AD‐relevant epitopes and cause neuritic dystrophy in cultured neurons. Crossing human APP with human tau transgenic mice enhances tau‐positive neurotoxicity. In humans, new studies show that low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ42 and amyloid‐PET positivity precede other AD manifestations by many years. Most importantly, recent trials of three different Aβ antibodies (solanezumab, crenezumab, and aducanumab) have suggested a slowing of cognitive decline in post hoc analyses of mild AD subjects. Although many factors contribute to AD pathogenesis, Aβ dyshomeostasis has emerged as the most extensively validated and compelling therapeutic target.
Metabolic Glucose Status and Pituitary Pathology Portend Therapeutic Outcomes in Acromegaly

Introduction Acromegaly is frequently associated with impaired glucose tolerance and/or diabetes. To evaluate the relationship between glucose metabolism and acromegaly disease, we evaluated 269 consecutive patients from two referral centres. Methods Clinical presentation, pituitary tumor size and invasiveness, and pituitary pathology were captured in a dedicated database. Results 131 women and 138 men with a mean age of 53.8 years were included. Of these, 201 (74.7%) presented with a macroadenoma and 18 (6.7%) with a microadenoma. Radiographic invasion was present in 91 cases (33.8%). Mean tumor diameter was 1.86 cm (0.2–4.6). Pituitary histopathologic findings revealed pure GH-producing somatotroph adenomas (SA) in 147 patients, prolactin-production by mixed lactotroph (LA) and SA or mammosomatotroph adenoma (MSA) in 46 [22.4%], acidophil stem cell adenoma in 6 [2.9%], and other diagnoses in 6 [2.9%]. Medical treatment included octreotide in 96 [36.9%] and in combination with pegvisomant or dopamine agonists in 63 [24.2%]. Nearly 80% of patients achieved IGF-1 normalization. Importantly, patients with pure somatotroph adenomas were significantly more likely to present with abnormal glucose metabolism [48.7%] than those with mixed adenomas [9.7%] [p<0.001] independent of GH/IGF-1 levels or tumor invasiveness. Abnormal glucose metabolism and pituitary pathology also remained linked following IGF-1 normalization. Moreover patients with pure SA and abnormal glucose metabolism were significantly (p<0.001) less likely to achieve disease remission despite the same therapeutic strategies. Conversely, patients with mixed adenomas were more likely (OR: 2.766 (95% CI: 1.490–5.136) to achieve disease remission. Conclusions Patients with pure somatotroph adenomas are more likely than those with mixed adenomas to exhibit abnormal glucose metabolism.