Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Earliest Memories: Sex Differences and the Meaning of Experience

Sex-related differences in earliest memories are examined using the method of phenomenological inquiry. Six categories which describe thematic content were generated. These are earliest memories involving: positive interpersonal interaction, physical illness or injury, frustration, fear and anxiety, mastery and performance, and sibling rivalry. Significant sex differences were found although the effects differed between graduate student and undergraduate respondents. In general, males reported more earliest memories involving positive interpersonal interactions as well as experiences of mastery. Females reported more memories involving fear and anxiety, frustration, and sibling rivalry. Data are discussed in terms of gender stereotypes and their effect on selection of various aspects of the psychic repertoire.
Overlapping Functionality of the Pht Proteins in Zinc Homeostasis of Streptococcus pneumoniae

ABSTRACT Streptococcus pneumoniae is a globally significant pathogen that causes a range of diseases, including pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis, and otitis media. Its ability to cause disease depends upon the acquisition of nutrients from its environment, including transition metal ions such as zinc. The pneumococcus employs a number of surface proteins to achieve this, among which are four highly similar polyhistidine triad (Pht) proteins. It has previously been established that these proteins collectively aid in the delivery of zinc to the ABC transporter substrate-binding protein AdcAII. Here we have investigated the contribution of each individual Pht protein to pneumococcal zinc homeostasis by analyzing mutant strains expressing only one of the four pht genes. Under conditions of low zinc availability, each of these mutants showed superior growth and zinc accumulation profiles relative to a mutant strain lacking all four genes, indicating that any of the four Pht proteins are able to facilitate delivery of zinc to AdcAII. However, optimal growth and zinc accumulation in vitro and pneumococcal survival and proliferation in vivo required production of all four Pht proteins, indicating that, despite their overlapping functionality, the proteins are not dispensable without incurring a fitness cost. We also show that surface-attached forms of the Pht proteins are required for zinc recruitment and that they do not contribute to defense against extracellular zinc stress.
Democracy, ethnic fractionalisation, and the politics of social spending: Disentangling a conditional relationship

In the past decade, a long list of studies has documented the positive relationship between democracy and social spending. Other studies have shown a negative relationship between ethnic fractionalisation and social spending. So far, the two strands of literature have developed independently of each other. In this article, we present a class-coalition argument that links them, arguing that ethnic fractionalisation influences the effect of democracy on social spending. We test the argument in a large-N study. In line with our expectations, the findings show that democracy leads to higher levels of social spending, but only in relatively homogenous countries.
Football, folk dancing and fascism: diversity and difference in multicultural Australia

The paper contextualises the 'de-ethnicising' of Australian soccer debate within an attendant debate about multicultural practice. Underlying the 'de-ethnicising' issue is a contestation over the cultural representation of soccer. Those who call for 'de-ethnicising' correspondingly demand that the sport be 'Australianised'. In some cases this involves a rejection of multiculturalism, in others an acceptance of a multiculturalism which defers to an 'Australian way of life'. Either way, the continuing affiliation of soccer clubs to 'ethnic communities' is seen to encourage a set of cultural practices which are 'un-Australian'. The paper considers this view by locating it within the broader context of a discussion of the Australian sporting culture to which an 'ethnicised' soccer league is likely to remain offensive. The difficulties for multiculturalism evinced by soccer support are discussed with reference to the author's ethnographic case study of the Bad Blue Boys (BBB), a group of young men of Croatian background who follow the Sydney United team in the National Soccer League. A theoretical linkage is made to the work of Homi Bhabha with respect to his distinction between cultural diversity and cultural difference in the field of multicultural practice. In conclusion a position is developed which argues that existing theorising on Australian multiculturalism might need to be re-thought given the realities of multicultural life in such places as a soccer park in western Sydney.
Learning strategies and their relationships to academic performance of high school students in Hong Kong

The present study examines the dynamic relationship between academic performance of high school students and their respective learning and study strategies. Two hundred thirty-six high school students were recruited to participate in this study by completing a Chinese version of the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory - LASSI, to probe into the relationship. Results found that (1) there were clear differences to the learning and study strategies used by high school students with high academic performance, and those with low academic performance; (2) all the three components (Will; Self-regulation and Skill) were equally important to differentiate high academic achieving high school students from low academic achieving high school students within the strategic model of learning; and (3) a numbers of learning and study strategies were effectively predicting the academic performance of the high school students. All of these result patterns confirm that learning and study strategies used by high academic achievers and low academic achievers as well as the components used to predict students’ academic performance in the high school setting are quite different from the patterns revealed in the tertiary education sector.
Tight Stapes Prosthesis Fixation Leads to Better Functional Results in Otosclerosis Surgery

Tight fixation of stapes prostheses yields better functional results because sound transmission from the incus to the prosthesis is improved. Background: The optimal prosthesis to use for otosclerosis surgery is still a matter of debate. It has been proposed that using prostheses made of Nitinol, a shape-memory metal, produces better functional results with less variability and reduced risk for middle and inner ear damage. This is thought to be because heat activation rather than manual crimping of the prosthesis loop forms a tighter fixation. Methods: Functional results of two groups were compared 1 year after surgery. In one group were 75 cases of stapedotomy performed using Nitinol prostheses. Results were analyzed prospectively and compared with 75 retrospectively analyzed matched controls with conventional stapes prostheses. Crimping quality was measured in 23 patients by intraoperative laser Doppler interferometry (LDI). Causality was assessed by correlating results of intraoperative LDI and postoperative pure-tone thresholds. Results: Nitinol and conventional prostheses yielded postoperative air-bone gaps (ABGs) of 8.0 and 11.6 dB with 71 and 43% ABG closure within 10 dB, respectively. Intraoperatively, sound transmission was improved by 2.5 dB with the Nitinol prostheses as compared with conventional prostheses. These differences were statistically significant. Intraoperative fixation quality was positively correlated to functional outcome, but results were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Tight fixation, as provided by Nitinol prostheses leads to improved functional results because of better sound transmission properties at the incus-prosthesis interface. The improvement in ABG closure is in the range of 3 dB pure-tone average and more pronounced at higher frequencies. Nitinol prostheses provide an effective treatment option in otosclerosis surgery.
Sibling Relationships and Social-emotional Adjustment in Different Family Contexts

The aims of this study were to examine family type (nonstep, stepfather, stepmother, and single mother) and sibling type (full- and half-siblings) differences in sibling relationship quality (positivity and negativity), and to investigate links between sibling relationship quality and child externalizing and internalizing problems. The sample included 192 families with a 5-year-old target child and an older sibling. In addition, 80 of these families included a third older child. Mothers and the older siblings (8 years and older) completed questionnaires and interviews regarding conflict and support in their sibling relationships, and parents and teachers reported on each child's social-emotional adjustment. Sibling negativity (conflict, aggression) was highest in single-mother families and full-siblings were more negative than half- and stepsiblings. There was some evidence that sibling antagonism was associated with more child behavioral and emotional problems, but these effects were moderated by family type.
Monocyte-mediated chemotherapy drug delivery in glioblastoma.

AIM To mechanistically prove the concept of monocyte-mediated nano drug delivery in glioblastoma (GBM). RESULTS nano-doxorubicin-loaded monocytes (Nano-DOX-MC) were viable, able to cross an artificial endothelial barrier and capable of infiltrating GBM spheroids and releasing drug therein. GBM cells stimulated unloading of Nano-DOX-MC and took up the unloaded drug and released damage-associated molecular patterns. In mice with orthotopic GBM xenografts, Nano-DOX-MC resulted in much improved tumor drug delivery efficacy and damage-associated molecular patterns emission. Mechanistically, Nano-DOX was found sequestered in the lysosomal compartment and to induce autophagy, which may underlie MC's tolerance to Nano-DOX. Lysosomal exocytosis was found involved in the discharging mechanism of intracellular Nano-DOX. CONCLUSION Nano-DOX can be effectively delivered by MC in GBM and induce cancer cell damage.
Neurodevelopmental Correlates of True and False Recognition

The Deese/Roediger–McDermott (DRM) false-memory effect has been extensively documented in psychological research. People falsely recognize critical lures or nonstudied items that are semantically associated with studied items. Behavioral research has provided evidence for age-related increases in the DRM false-recognition effect. The present event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study was aimed at investigating neurodevelopmental changes in brain regions associated with true- and false-memory recognition in 8-year olds, 12-year olds, and adults. Relative to 8-year olds, adults correctly endorsed more studied items as “old” but also mistakenly endorsed more critical lures. Age-related increases in recollection were associated with changes in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) activation profile. Additionally, age-related increases in false alarms (FAs) to semantically related lures were associated with changes in the activation profile of left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, a region associated with semantic processing. Additional regions exhibiting age-related changes include posterior parietal and anterior prefrontal cortices. In summary, concomitant changes in the MTL, prefrontal cortex, and parietal cortex underlie developmental increases in true and false recognition during childhood and adolescence.
Pharmacology of the K‐ATP Channel Blocking Morpholinoguanidine PNU‐37883A

The last two decades have seen enormous growth in our understanding of ion channel structure and function. In particular, adenosine-5 '-triphosphate-sensitiv e potassium (K-ATP) channels have been intensely investigated because of their wide distribution, key role in linking cellular metabolism to membrane potential, and therapeutic potential of K-ATP modulators (4,14,36,95). Many other reports have further described how K-ATP channels help to control insulin secretion (3,24,96), vascular smooth muscle tone (31,94,109), myocardial contractility and preconditioning (5,32,37,64), and renal tubular function (46, 93,104,118). Common to these many in depth investigations has been an armamentarium of specific channel modulators, such as the K-ATP openers pinacidil, minoxidil sulfate, and cromakalim, and the K-ATP channel blockers glyburide (glibenclamide) and sodium 5-hydroxydecanoate (Fig. 1). Newly added to this arsenal is the morpholinoguanidine PNU-37883A (originally designated U-37883A), which has been shown to functionally antagonize vascular K-ATP channel openers in vitro andin vivo (78) and to block K-ATP channels inXenopusoocyte follicles (41), rat renal tubules (116), vascular smooth muscle (47,122), and central neurons (67). As summarized in this review, PNU-37883A is a potent, euglycemic vascular K-ATP blocker that also exerts a K -sparing diuresis at higher doses. PNU-37883A thus represents a very important new experimental agent for examining K-ATP control of vascular smooth muscle tone, urinary electrolyte excretion, renin secretion, and neuronal function.
Masculinity matters: using entertainment education to engage men in ending violence against women in India

Abstract In this article, R.W. Connell's notion of hegemonic masculinity is used to examine the role of male gender norms in perpetuating violence against women. The researchers discuss the implications for entertainment-education (EE) programmes that seek to promote gender equality by modelling alternative forms of masculinity and sparking critical dialogue about gender-equitable masculine norms. First, theories are reviewed that contextualise masculinity and media to establish a strategic foundation for engaging men through EE. Next, a case study is undertaken of media campaigns by Breakthrough, a human rights organisation that has produced a number of media and EE initiatives to address violence against women. The article highlights five specific ways in which men can be represented in media campaigns with EE components: 1) invisible men; 2) men as perpetrators; 3) men as allies; 4) men as agents in challenging hegemonic masculinity; and 5) men as agents in redefining manhood.
Positive Experiences and Personal Growth in a Two-Man North Pole Expedition Team

This study assessed personal values and positive growth experiences, possible changes in these factors, and interpersonal functioning in a two-man expedition team that successfully reached the North Pole in 55 days without outside support. Personality measures were administered before expedition, weekly rating forms were completed on the ice, and semi-structured interviews and several repeat measures were carried out at the end of the expedition and at a 6-month follow-up. Both team members had high scores on the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) Social Closeness, Social Potency, and Positive Emotionality Scales, and on the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) Extraversion Scale. The Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ) findings indicated that for both team members, Self-direction and Stimulation were strong personal values; Power, Tradition, and Conformity were low on the values hierarchy. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) assessments indicated different aspects of personal growth for each team member from postexpedition to the follow-up. Contrary to previous findings, this all-male team did not exhibit strong competitiveness with each other.
A Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Bipolar Disorder

Background: Increasingly, bipolar disorder is being treated with maintenance combinations of medication and psychotherapy. We examined the feasibility and benefits associated with an 8-week mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) class for bipolar patients who were between episodes. Participants (N = 22; mean age, 40.6 yrs; 14 bipolar I, 8 bipolar II) were existing patients in outpatient clinics at Oxford University (n = 14) or the University of Colorado, Boulder (n = 8), most undergoing pharmacotherapy with mood stabilizers and/or atypical antipsychotic agents. Patients underwent a pretreatment assessment of symptoms and then received the 8-week MBCT in four separate groups, two at each site. MBCT consisted of mindfulness meditation strategies and traditional cognitive-behavioral techniques to address the mode in which negative thoughts and feelings and emerging manic symptoms are processed. We examined within-group changes from pre- to posttreatment in the four aggregated groups. Of the 22 patients, .
Progression of Chinese Students’ Creative Imagination from Elementary Through High School

For almost a century, researchers have studied creative imagination, most typically that of children. This article reports on a study of the development of creative imagination of Chinese youths and its relation to the educational environment. Data consisted of 4,162 students from grades 4 through 12. Findings showed that students’ creative imagination increased as the grade in school increased from grades 4 through 11, but decreased slightly at grade 12. Students’ creative imagination was lower in elementary school than that in middle school. The pace of development was also different in different stages. In different grades, youths used different ways to express their imagination. Students of ‘excellent’ academic performance had the highest creative imagination, followed by students of ‘fairly good’, ‘medium’ and ‘poor’ academic performance. Student-centred teaching methods were associated with higher creative imagination. Students whose teachers had a more supportive attitude showed better creative imagination. Finally, taking part in science-related competitions and frequently visiting science venues were related to the development of students’ creative imagination. Some implications and recommendations for development of students’ creative imagination are also proposed.
Twin Peaks: An ERP Study of Action Planning and Control in Coacting Individuals

Previous studies have shown that perceiving another's actions activates corresponding representations in an observer's action system. The present study investigated how performing a task with another person affects action planning and control. Reaction times (RTs) and event-related potentials were measured while participants performed a go/no-go task alone and with another person. Three effects of acting together were observed. First, RTs were slowed when individuals had to respond to a stimulus referring to the other's action, suggesting that an action selection conflict occurred. Second, at frontal sites, a stimulus referring to the other's action elicited a similar electrophysiological response as a stimulus referring to one's own action. Finally, on no-go trials, P300 amplitude was significantly larger in a group setting, indicating that an action was suppressed. These findings provide evidence that individuals acting in a social context form shared action representations.
A COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVE ON ATTACHMENT RELATIONSHIPS AND INTERNAL WORKING MODELS

To retain its vitality, a theory must be translated into assessments. The publication of several new instruments for assessing patterns of attachment in Growing Points of Attachment Theory and Research (Bretherton & Waters, 1985) was therefore an important milestone. In that Monograph, Waters and Deane (1985) presented the first version of their Attachment Q-Set (AQS) to facilitate observational studies of secure-base behavior in the home envi-
The Development of Corporate Identity: A Political Perspective

A corporate identity denotes a set of attributes that senior managers ascribe to their organization. It is therefore an organizational identity articulated by a powerful interest group. It can constitute a claim which serves inter alia to justify the authority vested in top managers and to further their interests. The academic literature on organizational identity, and on corporate identity in particular, pays little attention to these political considerations. It focuses in an apolitical manner on shared meanings when corporate identity works, or on cognitive dissonance when it breaks down. In response to this analytical void, we develop a political analysis of corporate identity and its development, using as illustration a longitudinal study of successive changes in the corporate identity of a Brazilian telecommunications company. This suggests a cyclical model in which corporate identity definition and redefinition involve power relations, resource mobilization and struggles for legitimacy.
On the expectation of the norm of random matrices with non-identically distributed entries

Let $X_{i,j}$, $i,j=1,. ,n$, be independent, not necessarily identically distributed random variables with finite first moments. We show that the norm of the random matrix $(X_{i,j})_{i,j=1}^n$ is up to a logarithmic factor of the order of $\mathbb{E}\max\limits_{i=1,. ,n}\left\Vert(X_{i,j})_{j=1}^n\right\Vert_2+\mathbb{E}\max\limits_{i=1,. ,n}\left\Vert(X_{i,j})_{j=1}^n\right\Vert_2$. This extends (and improves in most cases) the previous results of Seginer and Latala.
Outage Constrained Robust Secure Transmission for MISO Wiretap Channels

In this paper, we consider the robust secure beamformer design for multiple-input-single-output wiretap channels. Assuming that the eavesdroppers' channels are only partially available at the transmitter, we seek to maximize the secrecy rate under the transmit power and the secrecy rate outage probability constraint. The outage probability constraint requires that the secrecy rate exceed certain thresholds with high probability. Therefore, including such constraint in the design naturally ensures the desired robustness. Unfortunately, the presence of the probabilistic constraints makes the problem nonconvex and, hence, difficult to solve. In this paper, we investigate the outage probability constrained secrecy rate maximization problem using a novel two-step approach. Under a wide range of uncertainty models, our developed algorithms can obtain high-quality solutions, sometimes even exact global solutions, for the robust secure beamformer design problem. Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithms.
Focal Adhesion Kinase Controls Cellular Levels of p27/Kip1 and p21/Cip1 through Skp2-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms

ABSTRACT Endothelial cell proliferation is a critical step in angiogenesis and requires a coordinated response to soluble growth factors and the extracellular matrix. As focal adhesion kinase (FAK) integrates signals from both adhesion events and growth factor stimulation, we investigated its role in endothelial cell proliferation. Expression of a dominant-negative FAK protein, FAK-related nonkinase (FRNK), impaired phosphorylation of FAK and blocked DNA synthesis in response to multiple angiogenic stimuli. These results coincided with elevated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) p21/Cip and p27/Kip, as a consequence of impaired degradation. FRNK inhibited the expression of Skp2, an F-box protein that targets CDKIs, by inhibiting mitogen-induced mRNA. The FAK-regulated degradation of p27/Kip was Skp2 dependent, while levels of p21/Cip were regulated independent of Skp2. Skp2 is required for endothelial cell proliferation as a consequence of degrading p27. Finally, knockdown of both p21 and p27 in FRNK-expressing cells completely restored mitogen-induced endothelial cell proliferation. These data demonstrate a critical role for FAK in the regulation of CDKIs through two independent mechanisms: Skp2 dependent and Skp2 independent. They also provide important insights into the requirement of focal adhesion kinase for normal vascular development and reveal novel regulatory control points for angiogenesis.