Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Storage-Friendly Routing Scheme in Intermittently Connected Mobile Network

Considering the constraints brought by mobility and resources, it is important for routing protocols to efficiently deliver data in intermittently connected mobile networks. Different from previous works that use the knowledge of previous encounters to predict future contacts, we propose a storage-friendly region-based protocol, i.e., RENA, in this paper. Instead of using temporal information, RENA builds routing tables based on regional movement history, which avoids excessive storage for tracking encounter history. We validate the generality of RENA through a time-variant community mobility model with parameters extracted from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) trace and a vehicular network based on eight bus routes in the city of Helsinki, Finland. The comprehensive simulation results show that RENA is not only storage friendly but also more efficient than epidemic routing, the restricted replication protocol spray and wait (SNW), and the encounter-based protocol resource allocation protocol for intentional delay-tolerant networks under various conditions.
Evaluating the assessment and clinical application of the DSM-5 section III personality disorder model

The majority of research on the DSM-5 Section III alternative model for personality disorders (PDs) has addressed the dimensional traits proposed in Criterion B, while limited research has evaluated Section III functional impairment criteria. The current study evaluated Section III impairment specific to the six personality disorder diagnoses included in the Section III model in a sample of 347 undergraduates. We evaluated the factor structure of disorder-specific impairment; their associations with other measures of impairment, Section III traits, and Section II PD symptoms; as well as the incremental utility of impairment above and beyond traits in predicting Section II PD symptoms. Factor analyses indicated limited support for the two domain and four sub-facet levels of impairment, but showed some support for disorder-specific impairment. Furthermore, disorder-specific impairment was associated with other measures of
Crowdsourcing and curation: perspectives from biology and natural language processing

Crowdsourcing is increasingly utilized for performing tasks in both natural language processing and biocuration. Although there have been many applications of crowdsourcing in these fields, there have been fewer high-level discussions of the methodology and its applicability to biocuration. This paper explores crowdsourcing for biocuration through several case studies that highlight different ways of leveraging ‘the crowd’; these raise issues about the kind(s) of expertise needed, the motivations of participants, and questions related to feasibility, cost and quality. The paper is an outgrowth of a panel session held at BioCreative V (Seville, September 9–11, 2015). The session consisted of four short talks, followed by a discussion. In their talks, the panelists explored the role of expertise and the potential to improve crowd performance by training; the challenge of decomposing tasks to make them amenable to crowdsourcing; and the capture of biological data and metadata through community editing. Database URL: http://www.mitre. org/publications/technical-papers/crowdsourcing-and-curation-perspectives
Safety of human papillomavirus vaccines: a review

Introduction: Between 2006 and 2009, two different human papillomavirus virus (HPV) vaccines were licensed for use: a quadrivalent (qHPVv) and a bivalent (bHPVv) vaccine. Since 2008, HPV vaccination programmes have been implemented in the majority of the industrialized countries. Since 2013, HPV vaccination has been part of the national programs of 66 countries including almost all countries in North America and Western Europe. Despite all the efforts made by individual countries, coverage rates are lower than expected. Vaccine safety represents one of the main concerns associated with the lack of acceptance of HPV vaccination both in the European Union/European Economic Area and elsewhere. Areas covered: Safety data published on bivalent and quadrivalent HPV vaccines, both in pre-licensure and post-licensure phase, are reviewed. Expert opinion: Based on the latest scientific evidence, both HPV vaccines seem to be safe. Nevertheless, public concern and rumors about adverse events (AE) represent an important barrier to overcome in order to increase vaccine coverage. Passive surveillance of AEs is an important tool for detecting safety signals, but it should be complemented by activities aimed at assessing the real cause of all suspect AEs. Improved vaccine safety surveillance is the first step for effective communication based on scientific evidence.
Reflections on Support Structures Available to First Year Mathematics Students at a University

Abstract This paper focuses on the support structures offered to first year mathematics students at the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN). The objective was to determine the effectiveness of support structures at UKZN that are intended to help students attain success in their studies by improving communication to students on the requirements for the modules that they are studying. The literature review focused on support structures offered to students at universities in other countries. Data was obtained from the UKZN module websites and responses from academic staff and students It was found that the support structures offered at this university compared favourably with those offered by universities in other countries. The findings indicate that there is a need and scope to improve on the effectiveness of the student support structures that are provided for first year mathematics. These involve policy, administrative and academic issues.
Criminal Responsibility in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Critical Review Examining Empathy and Moral Reasoning

Recent research has suggested the existence of a subset of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that demonstrate criminal behaviour. It follows, then, that researchers must answer the question of whether an offender’s diagnosis of ASD impacts his or her criminal responsibility. Such research has indicated that individuals with ASD display deficits in cognitive empathy and higher order moral reasoning. Based on these deficits, in the present narrative review, our findings suggest that an ASD diagnosis should be considered when establishing criminal responsibility, as defined by the Canadian Criminal Code (1985), c. C-46. To further understand how an ASD diagnosis might influence the evaluation of criminal responsibility, we compared the deficits in empathy and moral reasoning observed in ASD with those observed in individuals with psychopathy. We have also presented limitations of previous research investigating moral reasoning and empathy as they relate to criminal responsibility in ASD, as well as future directions that could lead to development in this area. Although this review has been considered in accordance with Canadian law, there are certainly applications to the issue of criminal responsibility worldwide. De récentes recherches ont suggéré l’existence d’un sous-ensemble d’individus atteints de troubles du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) qui afficheraient un comportement criminel. Par conséquent, les chercheurs doivent désormais déterminer si le diagnostic de TSA d’un contrevenant a une incidence sur sa responsabilité pénale. Ces recherches ont indiqué que les personnes atteintes de TSA affichaient des déficits en matière d’empathie cognitive et de raisonnement moral d’ordre supérieur. Sur la base de ces déficits, les résultats exposés dans le présent examen narratif suggèrent qu’un diagnostic de TSA doit être envisagé lors de l’établissement de la responsabilité pénale, telle que définie par le Code criminel canadien (1985), ch. C-46. Afin de mieux comprendre comment un diagnostic de TSA peut influencer l’évaluation de la responsabilité pénale, nous avons comparé les déficits en matière d’empathie et de raisonnement moral observés chez les personnes atteintes de TSA par rapport à ceux que l’on retrouve chez les personnes atteintes de psychopathie. Nous avons également présenté les limites de recherches antérieures portant sur le raisonnement moral et l’empathie en ce qui a trait à leur lien avec la responsabilité pénale d’individus atteints de TSA, ainsi que des orientations futures susceptibles de faire avancer ce domaine. Bien que cet examen ait été étudié conformément à la loi canadienne, il existe certainement des applications de responsabilité pénale partout dans le monde.
The Relationship between Anogenital Distance, Fatherhood, and Fertility in Adult Men

Background Anogenital distance (AGD), a sexually dimorphic measure of genital development, is a marker for endocrine disruption in animal studies and may be shorter in infant males with genital anomalies. Given the correlation between anogenital distance and genital development, we sought to determine if anogenital distance varied in fertile compared to infertile adult men. Methods A cross sectional study of consecutive men being evaluated for infertility and men with proven fertility was recruited from an andrology clinic. Anogenital distance (the distance from the posterior aspect of the scrotum to the anal verge) and penile length (PL) were measured using digital calipers. ANOVA and linear regression were used to determine correlations between AGD, fatherhood status, and semen analysis parameters (sperm density, motility, and total motile sperm count). Findings A total of 117 infertile men (mean age: 35.3±17.4) and 56 fertile men (mean age: 44.8±9.7) were recruited. The infertile men possessed significantly shorter mean AGD and PL compared to the fertile controls (AGD: 31.8 vs 44.6 mm, PL: 107.1 vs 119.5 mm, p<0.01). The difference in AGD persisted even after accounting for ethnic and anthropomorphic differences. In addition to fatherhood, on both unadjusted and adjusted linear regression, AGD was significantly correlated with sperm density and total motile sperm count. After adjusting for demographic and reproductive variables, for each 1 cm increase in a man's AGD, the sperm density increases by 4.3 million sperm per mL (95% CI 0.53, 8.09, p = 0.03) and the total motile sperm count increases by 6.0 million sperm (95% CI 1.34, 10.58, p = 0.01). On adjusted analyses, no correlation was seen between penile length and semen parameters. Conclusion A longer anogenital distance is associated with fatherhood and may predict normal male reproductive potential. Thus, AGD may provide a novel metric to assess reproductive potential in men.
What have I done to deserve this? The role of deservingness in effects of ordinary citizens as cases in the news

Previous studies have shown that cases in news reporting have substantial attitudinal effects on the audience. The direction of results has been mixed, however. Some studies reported that news audience change opinion in favour of the position of the case, while other studies reported the opposite. In this article, we emphasize the deservingness of cases as a potential factor explaining the differences in previous results. In two population-based survey experiments, we empirically investigate how exposure to cases in the news affects the audience’s opinion about the political issue covered. Drawing on insights from welfare state studies, we argue that the deservingness of cases drives the effect of cases on public opinion. Our results confirm this assumption. In a concluding section, we discuss the implications of our results.
Top-k Exploration of Query Graph Candidates for Efficient Keyword Search on RDF ∗

Keyword queries enjoy widespread usage as they represent an intuitive way of specifying information needs. Recently, answering keyword queries on graph-structured data has emerged as an important research topic. The prevalent approaches build on dedicated indexing techniques as well as search algorithms aiming at finding substructures that connect the data elements matching the keywords. While also addressing performance, we introduce a novel keyword search paradigm for graph-structured data, focusing in particular on the RDF data model. Instead of computing answers directly as in previous approaches, we first compute queries from the keywords, allowing the user to choose the appropriate query, and finally, process the query using the underlying database engine. Thereby, the full range of database optimization techniques can be leveraged for query processing. For the computation of queries, we propose a novel algorithm for the exploration of top-k matching subgraphs. While related techniques search the best answer trees, our algorithm is guaranteed to compute all k subgraphs with lowest costs, including cyclic graphs. By performing exploration only on a summary data structure derived from the data graph, we achieve promising performance improvements compared with other approaches.
Consumer empowerment through metadata-based information quality reporting: The Breast Cancer Knowledge Online Portal

Consumer empowerment and the role of the expert patient in their own healthcare, enabled through timely access to quality information, have emerged as significant factors in better health and lifestyle outcomes. Governments, medical researchers, healthcare providers in the public and private sector, drug companies, health consumer groups, and individuals are increasingly looking to the Internet to both access and distribute health information, communicate with each other, and form supportive or collaborative online communities. Evaluating the accuracy, provenance, authority, and reliability of Web-based health information is a major priority. The Breast Cancer Knowledge Online Portal project (BCKOnline) explored the individual and changing information and decision support needs of women with breast cancer and the issues they face when searching for relevant and reliable health information on the Internet. Its user-sensitive research design integrated multidisciplinary methods including user information-needs analysis, knowledge-domain mapping, metadata modeling, and systems-development research techniques. The main outcomes were a personalized information portal driven by a metadata repository of user-sensitive resource descriptions, the BCKOnline Metadata Schema, richer understandings of the concepts of quality, relevance, and reliability, and a user-sensitive design methodology. This article focuses on the innovative, metadata-based quality reporting feature of the BCKOnline Portal, and concludes that it is timely to consider the inclusion of quality elements in resource discovery metadata schema, especially in the health domain.
Semantics-based Automatic Literal Reconstruction Of Dictations

This paper describes a method for the automatic literal reconstruction of dictations in the domain of medical reports. The raw output of an automatic speech recognition system and the final report edited by a professional medical transcriptionist serve as input to the reconstruction algorithm. Reconstruction is based on automatic alignment between the speech recognition result and the edited report. Based on an ontology (i.e. UMLS) and lexical resources (i.e. WordNet and an inventory of spoken variants for each concept), semantic representations are assigned to terms and phrases. Alignment takes into account semantic similarity scores, based on the similarity between semantic representations of the two sources, and phonetic similarity scores. This paper explains how the speech recognition output is compared and aligned to the edited written documents and how the two different input sources are complementary for the task of reconstructing a literal transcript.
Data-Driven Probabilistic Occlusion Mask to Promote Visual Tracking

Occlusion, one of the biggest challenges of visual tracking, impedes many trackers by corrupting observations, decaying the template accuracy, or introducing distracting occluders to the tracker. In this study, we propose a technique to detect occlusions through learning the foreground probability distributions. In our approach, the target is divided into a grid cells and the likelihood of occlusion is determined for each cell in a data-driven fashion. We introduce an occlusion indicator for each of the cells. By learning corresponding distribution of this indicator for each cell, using a diverse set of videos and targets, we obtain a set of occlusion probability distributions which is universally applicable to any video or object. By assigning an occlusion likelihood to different cells of an observation (i.e., creating an occlusion mask), our proposed approach provides a confidence measure for different parts of input observations and can be coupled with many generic tracking methods. In this study, we adopt four particle filter-based trackers -- multi-cue PFT, IVT, L1T, and L1APG -- to test the effectiveness of our occlusion mask. Utilizing the proposed occlusion mask lowers the weight of the erroneous parts of observation, allows for a more robust template update, and mitigates distraction by occluders. The method was evaluated on challenging videos. The quantitative results highlighted the tracking accuracy improvement and demonstrated successful tracking under different occlusion scenarios.
Who ’ s Stressed ? Distributions of Psychological Stress in the United States in Probability Samples from 1983 , 2006 , and 20091 S

Psychological stress was assessed in 3 national surveys administered in 1983, 2006, and 2009. In all 3 surveys, stress was higher among women than men; and increased with decreasing age, education, and income. Unemployed persons reported high levels of stress, while the retired reported low levels. All associations were independent of one another and of race/ethnicity. Although minorities generally reported more stress than Whites, these differences lost significance when adjusted for the other demographics. Stress increased little in response to the 2008–2009 economic downturn, except among middle-aged, college-educated White men with full-time employment. These data suggest greater stress-related health risks among women, younger adults, those of lower socioeconomic status, and men potentially subject to substantial losses of income and wealth. jasp_90
A Redshift Survey of the Submillimeter Galaxy Population

We have obtained spectroscopic redshifts using the Keck I telescope for a sample of 73 submillimeter galaxies (SMGs), with a median 850 μm flux density of 5.7 mJy, for which precise positions are available through their faint radio emission. The galaxies lie at redshifts out to z = 3.6, with a median redshift of 2.2 and an interquartile range z = 1.7-2.8. Modeling a purely submillimeter flux-limited sample, based on the expected selection function for our radio-identified sample, suggests a median redshift of 2.3, with a redshift distribution remarkably similar to the optically and radio-selected quasars. The observed redshift distributions are similar for the active galactic nucleus (AGN) and starburst subsamples. The median RAB is 24.6 for the sample. However, the dust-corrected ultraviolet (UV) luminosities of the galaxies rarely hint at the huge bolometric luminosities indicated by their radio/submillimeter emission, with the effect that the true luminosity can be underestimated by a median factor of ~120 for SMGs with pure starburst spectra. Radio and submillimeter observations are thus essential to select the most luminous high-redshift galaxies. The 850 μm, radio, and redshift data are used to estimate the dust temperatures and characterize photometric redshifts. Using 450 μm measurements for a subset of our sample, we confirm that a median dust temperature of Td = 36 ± 7 K, derived on the assumption that the local far-infrared (FIR)-radio correlation applies at high redshift, is reasonable. Individual 450 μm detections are consistent with the local radio-FIR relation holding at z ~ 2. This median Td is lower than that estimated for similarly luminous IRAS 60 μm galaxies locally. We demonstrate that dust temperature variations make it impossible to estimate redshifts for individual SGMs to better than Δz ≃ 1 using simple long-wavelength photometric methods. We calculate total infrared and bolometric luminosities (the median infrared luminosity estimated from the radio is 8.5 × 1012 L☉), construct a luminosity function, and quantify the strong evolution of the submillimeter population across z = 0.5-3.5 relative to local IRAS galaxies. We use the bolometric luminosities and UV-spectral classifications to determine a lower limit to the AGN content of the population and measure directly the varying the contribution of highly obscured, luminous galaxies to the luminosity density history of the universe for the first time. We conclude that bright submillimeter galaxies contribute a comparable star formation density to Lyman break galaxies at z = 2-3, and including galaxies below our submillimeter flux limit, this population may be the dominant site of massive star formation at this epoch. The rapid evolution of SMGs and QSO populations contrasts with that seen in bolometrically lower luminosity galaxy samples selected in the rest-frame UV and suggests a close link between SMGs and the formation and evolution of the galactic halos that host QSOs.
Abusive supervision by academic supervisors and postgraduate research students’ creativity: the mediating role of leader–member exchange and intrinsic motivation

Abstract Drawing upon the componential theory of creativity, cognitive evaluation theory and social exchange theory, the study reported in this paper tested a mediating model based on the hypothesis that abusive supervision negatively influences creativity sequentially through leader–member exchange (LMX) and intrinsic motivation. The study employed structural equation modelling to analyse data from a survey on 857 postgraduates with academic supervisors at four universities in China. The findings were that (1) LMX fully mediates the relationship between abusive supervision and intrinsic motivation; (2) intrinsic motivation partially mediates the relationship between LMX and creativity; and (3) LMX and intrinsic motivation sequentially mediate the relationship between abusive supervision and individual creativity. Theoretical contributions to understanding the mechanism underlying the effect of abusive supervision on individual creativity and the practical implications of academic supervisors’ leadership practices and universities creativity management strategy are discussed.
Overexpression of EFEMP1 Correlates with Tumor Progression and Poor Prognosis in Human Ovarian Carcinoma

Objective This study was to explore the role of EFEMP1 in ovarian tumor progression and its relationship with prognosis of ovarian carcinoma. Methods EFEMP1 mRNA and protein expressions in normal ovarian tissue, ovarian tumor, high invasive subclones and low invasive subclones were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and real time RT-PCR. Serum EFEMP1 levels in patients with ovarian tumor were measured by ELISA assay. To assess the angiogenic properties of EFEMP1, VEGF and tumor microvessel density were analyzed in ovarian carcinoma by immunohistochemistry. Results EFEMP1 expression was up-regulated in ovarian carcinoma, positively correlated with MVD and VEGF, and its overexpression and high serum levels were significantly associated with high stage, low differentiation, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of ovarian cancer. EFEMP1 expression was also found to be over-expressed in the highly invasive subclones compared with the low invasive subclones. Conclusion EFEMP1 is a newly identified gene over-expressed in ovarian cancer, associated with poor clinicopathologic features and promotes angiogenesis. This study shows that EFEMP1 may serve as a new prognostic factor and a therapeutic target for patients with ovarian cancer in the future.