Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) induces G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells.

AIM To investigate the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) water extract on human hepatoma cell lines, HepG2 and Hep3B cells. METHODS The cytotoxicity of Chaga extract was screened by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Morphological observation, flow cytometry analysis, Western blot were employed to elucidate the cytotoxic mechanism of Chaga extract. RESULTS HepG2 cells were more sensitive to Chaga extract than Hep3B cells, as demonstrated by markedly reduced cell viability. Chaga extract inhibited the cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, which was accompanied with G0/G1-phase arrest and apoptotic cell death. In addition, G0/G1 arrest in the cell cycle was closely associated with down-regulation of p53, pRb, p27, cyclins D1, D2, E, cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 2, Cdk4, and Cdk6 expression. CONCLUSION Chaga mushroom may provide a new therapeutic option, as a potential anticancer agent, in the treatment of hepatoma.
Commentary: Preliminary Report of a Methodology for Determining Tactile Location in Adults'

Sieg and Williams (1986) pursued a needed area of study with their investigation of tactile localization and factors influencing tactile localization in normal adults. Along with other researchers such as Utley and Wiener (1982), they have provided essential information for the researchbased practice of occupational therapy pertaining to sensory integration processing in adults. This particular study investigated the ability of 30 normal females to localize tactile stimuli on the dorsal and volar surfaces of the hands and forearms when a specially designed device, a touch-pressure aesthesiometer, was used to deliver the stimulus. The tests employed three conditions of time for stimulus delivery (h second, 1 second, and 3 seconds), and three conditions of pressure of the stimulus delivery (h ounce,
Mutagenicity associated with O6-methylguanine-DNA damage and mechanism of nucleotide flipping by AGT during repair

Methylated guanine damage at O6 position (i.e. O6MG) is dangerous due to its mutagenic and carcinogenic character that often gives rise to G:C–A:T mutation. However, the reason for this mutagenicity is not known precisely and has been a matter of controversy. Further, although it is known that O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) repairs O6MG paired with cytosine in DNA, the complete mechanism of target recognition and repair is not known completely. All these aspects of DNA damage and repair have been addressed here by employing high level density functional theory in gas phase and aqueous medium. It is found that the actual cause of O6MG mediated mutation may arise due to the fact that DNA polymerases incorporate thymine opposite to O6MG, misreading the resulting O6MG:T complex as an A:T base pair due to their analogous binding energies and structural alignments. It is further revealed that AGT mediated nucleotide flipping occurs in two successive steps. The intercalation of the finger residue Arg128 into the DNA double helix and its interaction with the O6MG:C base pair followed by rotation of the O6MG nucleotide are found to be crucial for the damage recognition and nucleotide flipping.
Differential Regulation of Somatodendritic Serotonin 5‐HT1A
Receptors by 2‐Week Treatments with the Selective Agonists Alnespirone
(S‐20499) and
8‐Hydroxy‐2‐(Di‐n‐Propylamino)tetralin

Abstract : Single treatment with the serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine) 5‐HT1A receptor agonists 8‐hydroxy‐2‐(di‐n‐propylamino)tetralin (8‐OH‐DPAT) and alnespirone (S‐20499) reduces the extracellular 5‐HT concentration (5‐HText) in the rat midbrain and forebrain. Given the therapeutic potential of selective 5‐HT1A agonists in the treatment of affective disorders, we have examined the changes in 5‐HT1A receptors induced by 2‐week minipump administration of alnespirone (0.3 and 3 mg/kg/day) and 8‐OH‐DPAT (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg/day). The treatment with alnespirone did not modify baseline 5‐HText but significantly attenuated the ability of 0.3 mg/kg s.c. alnespirone to reduce 5‐HText in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and frontal cortex. In contrast, the ability of 8‐OH‐DPAT (0.025 and 0.1 mg/kg s.c.) to reduce 5‐HText in both areas was unchanged by 8‐OH‐DPAT pretreatment. Autoradiographic analysis revealed a significant reduction of [3H]8‐OH‐DPAT and [3H]WAY‐100635 {3H‐labeled N‐[2‐[4‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐1‐piperazinyl]ethyl]‐N‐(2‐pyridyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide · 3HCl} binding to somatodendritic 5‐HT1A receptors (but not to postsynaptic 5‐HT1A receptors) of rats pretreated with alnespirone but not with 8‐OH‐DPAT. In situ hybridization analysis revealed no change of the density of the mRNA encoding the 5‐HT1A receptors in the DRN after either treatment. These data indicate that continuous treatment for 2 weeks with alnespirone, but not with 8‐OH‐DPAT, causes a functional desensitization of somatodendritic 5‐HT1A receptors controlling 5‐HT release in the DRN and frontal cortex.
A Nasal Epithelial Receptor for Staphylococcus aureus WTA Governs Adhesion to Epithelial Cells and Modulates Nasal Colonization

Nasal colonization is a major risk factor for S. aureus infections. The mechanisms responsible for colonization are still not well understood and involve several factors on the host and the bacterial side. One key factor is the cell wall teichoic acid (WTA) of S. aureus, which governs direct interactions with nasal epithelial surfaces. We report here the first receptor for the cell wall glycopolymer WTA on nasal epithelial cells. In several assay systems this type F-scavenger receptor, termed SREC-I, bound WTA in a charge dependent manner and mediated adhesion to nasal epithelial cells in vitro. The impact of WTA and SREC-I interaction on epithelial adhesion was especially pronounced under shear stress, which resembles the conditions found in the nasal cavity. Most importantly, we demonstrate here a key role of the WTA-receptor interaction in a cotton rat model of nasal colonization. When we inhibited WTA mediated adhesion with a SREC-I antibody, nasal colonization in the animal model was strongly reduced at the early onset of colonization. More importantly, colonization stayed low over an extended period of 6 days. Therefore we propose targeting of this glycopolymer-receptor interaction as a novel strategy to prevent or control S. aureus nasal colonization.
VALIDITY OF LEG‐TO‐LEG BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT IN HIGHLY ACTIVE WOMEN

The aim of this study was to compare the validity of the leg-to-leg bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method with that of anthropometry using hydrostatic weighing (HW) as the criterion test. A secondary objective was to cross-validate previously developed anthropometric regression equations as well as to develop a new regression equation formula based on the anthropometric data collected in this study. Three methods for assessing body composition (HW, BIA, and anthropometric) were applied to 60 women university athletes. The means and standard deviations of age, weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) of athletes were as follows: age, 20.70 ± 1.43; weight, 56.19 ± 7.83 kg; height, 163.33 ± 6.11 cm; BMI, 21.01 ± 2.63 kg·m−2. Leg-to-leg BIA (11.82 ± 2.39) has shown no statistical difference between percentage body fat determined by HW (11.63 ± 2.42%) in highly active women (p > 0.05). This result suggests that the leg-to-leg BIA and HW methods were somewhat interchangeable in highly active women (R = 0.667; standard error of estimate [SEE] = 1.81). As a result of all crossvalidation analyses, anthropometric and BIA plus anthropometric results have generally produced lower regression coefficients and higher SEEs for highly active women between the ages of 18 and 25 years. The regression coefficients (0.903, 0.926) and SEE (1.08, 0.96) for the new regression formulas developed from this study were better than the all the other formulas used in this study.
Reaction Times of Down's Syndrome and other Mentally Retarded Individuals

Reaction times (RTs) of Down's Syndrome subjects are apparently slower and more variable than those of other retarded individuals (Johnson & Olley, 1971). W e (Bankhead & MacKay, 1982) recorded the RTs of 288 subjects (CA range 6 to 21 yr.; IQ range 30 to 130) on three tasks for which preresponse complexity varied. The first (simple RT) followed the classical paradigm (Baumeister & Kellas, 1968); in the second (simple-fixed RT) the subject fixated a point midway in a horizontal array of four light reaction signals but knew before each trial (60 trials in each of these two tasks) which light was to operate as the signal. In the third (complex R T ) the subject fixated the same point but was unaware which signal was to operate on any given trial (81 trials). Signal onset probabilities in the complex task varied between 11 and 44%. The sequence throughout all tasks was the same (sound warning signal-light reaction signal) as was the response requirement (the release of a single key). Warning intervals of 1, 3 and 5 sec. were used in irregular fashion. The mean RTs (log 1/100 sec. X 10) of Down's Syndrome, epileptic and undifferentiated subjects ( 1 2 = 27) , matched for sex (4 males, 5 females in each group of 9 subjects), CA (M: 17.9 yr.; SD: 4.1), MA (M: 6.9 yr.; SD: 2.4), IQ (M: 42; SD: 13) , and length of institutionalization (M: 4.4 yr.; SD: 6.3) on the simple task were 18.11 (SD: 1.69), 18.44 (SD: 2.68), and 18.95 sec. (SD: 2.23), respectively. On the simple-fixed task they were 18.83 (SD: 1.65), 18.83 (SD: 2.58), and 18.76 sec. (SD: 2.12), respectively, and on the complex condition they were 18.74 (SD: 1.39), 18.97 (SD: 2.51), and 18.94 sec. (SD: 2.22), respectively. F ratios from analyses of variance between clinical categories for the simple, simple-fixed, and complex tasks (df = 2/24 in each case) were 0.32, 0.00, and 0.03 ( p > .05). In short, Down's Syndrome subjects do not differ from other retarded individuals in R T performance as measured under these conditions.
Evaluating Preventative Interventions for Depression and Related Outcomes: a Meta-analysis

The burden of depression requires modalities other than individual psychotherapy if we are to reduce it. Over the past two decades preventative programs for depression have been developed and refined for different populations. The six years since the last meta-analysis of preventative interventions—inclusive of all program types—have seen a number of new studies. The current study used the greater statistical power provided by these new studies to analyze moderators of, and sub-group differences in, the effect of these interventions on depression. Moreover, this meta-analysis synthesized effect sizes for outcomes other than, but often related to, depression (e.g., anxiety) and for within-group change scores with the goal of better informing program implementation and evaluation. Twenty-nine studies met inclusion criteria and indicated that small, robust effects exist for reductions in depression diagnoses and symptomatology. Significant effects were also observed for anxiety, general health, and social functioning.
Teachers' Beliefs on Inclusion and Teaching Students with Disabilities: A Representation of Diverse Voices

The purpose of this study was to analyze the beliefs of physical education teachers on teaching students with disabilities in inclusive classes. Participants were 29 physical education teachers from Ghana (Africa), Japan, the United States, and Puerto Rico. The research paradigm was qualitatively descriptive using a multisite interview design (Gay, 1996) situated in the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991). The primary data source was interviewing. Interview data were analyzed with constant comparative method (Merriam, 1998). Results indicate some teachers self-efficacy was compromised and their pedagogies were troubled with difficulties and complexes beyond those of typical non-inclusive physical education programs. School districts should do more to engage teachers in professional development focused on teaching students with disabilities in physical education.
Timing and Force Components in Bilateral Transfer of Learning

Bilateral transfer of perceptual and motor components in movement control was investigated through two experiments. In Experiment 1 a simple anticipatory timing task was practiced with either the preferred or the nonpreferred hand. After a short resting interval an additional set of trials was performed with the contralateral hand. In Experiment 2, the same experimental design was used to investigate bilateral transfer of fine force control in a wrist-flexion movement. Analysis of the results showed that bilateral transfer of learning took place for both anticipatory timing and force control, with more noticeable transfer of training for the former. Asymmetry in transfer was found for force control, with significant transfer only in the preferred-to-nonpreferred direction. Transfer of anticipatory timing occurred similarly in both directions. These results indicated anticipatory timing as a powerful component for bilateral transfer, while force control showed to be more dependent on practice with the specific muscular system.
The AMP-Related Kinase (AMPK) Induces Ca2+-Independent Dilation of Resistance Arteries by Interfering With Actin Filament Formation

Rationale: Decreasing Ca2+ sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) allows for vasodilation without lowering of cytosolic Ca2+. This may be particularly important in states requiring maintained dilation, such as hypoxia. AMP-related kinase (AMPK) is an important cellular energy sensor in VSM. Regulation of Ca2+ sensitivity usually is attributed to myosin light chain phosphatase activity, but findings in non-VSM identified changes in the actin cytoskeleton. The potential role of AMPK in this setting is widely unknown. Objective: To assess the influence of AMPK on the actin cytoskeleton in VSM of resistance arteries with regard to potential Ca2+ desensitization of VSM contractile apparatus. Methods and Results: AMPK induced a slowly developing dilation at unchanged cytosolic Ca2+ levels in potassium chloride–constricted intact arteries isolated from mouse mesenteric tissue. This dilation was not associated with changes in phosphorylation of myosin light chain or of myosin light chain phosphatase regulatory subunit. Using ultracentrifugation and confocal microscopy, we found that AMPK induced depolymerization of F-actin (filamentous actin). Imaging of arteries from LifeAct mice showed F-actin rarefaction in the midcellular portion of VSM. Immunoblotting revealed that this was associated with activation of the actin severing factor cofilin. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments indicated that AMPK leads to the liberation of cofilin from 14-3-3 protein. Conclusions: AMPK induces actin depolymerization, which reduces vascular tone and the response to vasoconstrictors. Our findings demonstrate a new role of AMPK in the control of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, potentially allowing for long-term dilation of microvessels without substantial changes in cytosolic Ca2+.
Unsupervised Learning of Disentangled Representations from Video

We present a new model DrNET that learns disentangled image representations from video. Our approach leverages the temporal coherence of video and a novel adversarial loss to learn a representation that factorizes each frame into a stationary part and a temporally varying component. The disentangled representation can be used for a range of tasks. For example, applying a standard LSTM to the time-vary components enables prediction of future frames. We evaluate our approach on a range of synthetic and real videos, demonstrating the ability to coherently generate hundreds of steps into the future.
Breaking an Epigenetic Chromatin Switch: Curious Features of Hysteresis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Telomeric Silencing

In addition to gene network switches, local epigenetic modifications to DNA and histones play an important role in all-or-none cellular decision-making. Here, we study the dynamical design of a well-characterized epigenetic chromatin switch: the yeast SIR system, in order to understand the origin of the stability of epigenetic states. We study hysteresis in this system by perturbing it with a histone deacetylase inhibitor. We find that SIR silencing has many characteristics of a non-linear bistable system, as observed in conventional genetic switches, which are based on activities of a few promoters affecting each other through the abundance of their gene products. Quite remarkably, our experiments in yeast telomeric silencing show a very distinctive pattern when it comes to the transition from bistability to monostability. In particular, the loss of the stable silenced state, upon increasing the inhibitor concentration, does not seem to show the expected saddle node behavior, instead looking like a supercritical pitchfork bifurcation. In other words, the ‘off’ state merges with the ‘on’ state at a threshold concentration leading to a single state, as opposed to the two states remaining distinct up to the threshold and exhibiting a discontinuous jump from the ‘off’ to the ‘on’ state. We argue that this is an inevitable consequence of silenced and active regions coexisting with dynamic domain boundaries. The experimental observations in our study therefore have broad implications for the understanding of chromatin silencing in yeast and beyond.
2 0 Ju n 20 07 Analysis and control of network synchronizability

In this paper, the investigation is first motivated by showing two examples of simple regular symmetrical graphs, which have the same structural parameters, such as average distance, degree distribution and node betweenness centrality, but have very different synchronizabilities. This demonstrates the complexity of the network synchronizability problem. For a given network with identical node dynamics, it is further shown that two key factors influencing the network synchronizability are the network inner linking matrix and the eigenvalues of the network topological matrix. Several examples are then provided to show that adding new edges to a network can either increase or decrease the network synchronizability. In searching for conditions under which the network synchronizability may be increased by adding edges, it is found that for networks with disconnected complementary graphs, adding edges never decreases their synchronizability. This implies that better understanding and careful manipulation of the complementary graphs are important and useful for enhancing the network synchronizability. Moreover, it is found that an unbounded synchronized region is always easier to analyze than a bounded synchronized region. Therefore, to effectively enhance the network synchronizability, a design method is finally presented for the inner linking matrix of rank 1 such that the resultant network has an unbounded synchronized region, for the case where the synchronous state is an equilibrium point of the network.
Comfort route navigation providing high communication Quality and Energy Saving for mobile devices

Extending battery life for smartphones while using wireless networks is important. In this paper, we propose Comfort Route for Energy Saving (CRFES), which helps users extend the battery life of their smartphones by navigating to their destinations via Quality of Service (QoS)-compliant energy-efficient spots such as Wi-Fi spots. To create CRFES, we construct maps of Wi-Fi spots using logging software we developed for Android phones. In addition to locations, we record actual throughput and energy consumption observed in cellular/Wi-Fi networks. So comfort route navigation is done by choosing a route which minimizes energy consumption instead of choosing the shortest path. Evaluations are carried out by computer simulation and one real city map. The results conclude that CRFES can save the battery life by approximately 50% by spending 1.6 times time cost to reach their destinations on average.
Effects of Biorational Pesticides on Four Coccinellid Species (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) having Potential as Biological Control Agents in Interiorscapes

Abstract The direct toxicity of insecticidal soap, horticultural oil, Azatin, an extract from the Neem tree containing azadiractin, and BotainiGard, a commercial formulation of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, was assessed on adults of four species of coccinellids—Hippodamia convergens (Guérin-Ménéville), Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer), Harmonia axyridis Pallas, and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant. All biorationals caused less mortality than a conventional pesticide, carbaryl (Sevin). Horticultural oil (Sunspray ultrafine oil) consistently had no effect on beetle survivorship. Insecticidal soap (M-Pede) significantly reduced survival in all replicates for C. maculata and in at least one of the three replicates for the other three coccinellid species. Beauveria bassiana (BotaniGard) significantly reduced survival of C. montrouzieri at 72 h after spray in all three replicates. Azatin reduced survivorship in only one species, C. maculata, in only one of the three replicates.
EFFECTS OF ECCENTRIC EXERCISE ON ANAEROBIC POWER, STARTING SPEED AND ANAEROBIC ENDURANCE

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of eccentric exercise on anaerobic power, starting speed and anaerobic endurance. The participants performed the maximum cycling sprint test (MCST) prior to eccentric exercise (ECC), 10 minutes after, as well as one hour, 24 hours, 48 hours, and one week after ECC. The peak and mean power, time to attain peak power, time of maintaining peak power and power decrease were measured in the MCST. Before and after ECC, the myoglobin concentration (Mb) in the blood plasma was measured. After ECC, a significant (p<.05) increase in Mb was observed. A significant (p<.05) decrease was noted in peak (-.92±0.42 W.kg-1) as well as in mean power (-.57±0.36 W.kg-1) immediately after ECC. A significant (p<.05) decrement of these indicators lasted for at least 24 hours after ECC. Eccentric exercise did not affect starting speed (time to attain peak power) and anaerobic endurance (time of maintaining peak power and power decrease during MCST).
Use of a Point-of-Care Tool to Improve Nurse Practitioner BRCA Knowledge.

BACKGROUND Women who have been identified with a BRCA mutation benefit from a multidisciplinary, individualized medical evaluation to reduce their risk of developing cancers. Identifying women who would gain from testing for BRCA mutations is essential. Nurse practitioners (NPs) as primary care providers are important members of the healthcare team and are instrumental in identifying and referring women for testing. However, studies have shown that NPs lack knowledge about and confidence in identifying women at risk. OBJECTIVES This project was undertaken to increase NP knowledge about assessing women at risk for the BRCA mutation and determining whether such testing is appropriate. This was accomplished through a BRCA risk assessment tool developed as a mobile health technology (MHT) application using the Ontario Family History Assessment Tool, one of the tools recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force in its guidelines on BRCA-related cancer risk assessment, genetic counseling, and genetic testing to assist primary care providers in the assessment of women. METHODS NPs attending an NP conference in the midwestern United States completed pre-test, post-test, and satisfaction surveys regarding use of the MHT application. The application included a point-of-care tool and educational information. FINDINGS The participants demonstrated increased knowledge from pre- to post-test after use of the MHT application, with an overall positive evaluation.