Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside infusion on in vivo glucose and lipid metabolism in lean and obese Zucker rats.

Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofurano-side (AICAR) increases glucose transport in skeletal muscle via an insulin-independent pathway. To examine the effects of AMPK activation on skeletal muscle glucose transport activity and whole-body carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in an insulin-resistant rat model, awake obese Zuckerfa/fa rats (n = 26) and their lean (n = 23) littermates were infused for 90 min with AICAR, insulin, or saline. The insulin infusion rate (4 mU.kg(-1). min(-1)) was selected to match the glucose requirements during AICAR (bolus, 100 mg/kg; constant, 10 mg.kg(-1). min(-1)) isoglycemic clamps in the lean rats. The effects of these identical AICAR and insulin infusion rates were then examined in the obese Zucker rats. AICAR infusion increased muscle AMPK activity more than fivefold (P < 0.01 vs. control and insulin) in both lean and obese rats. Plasma triglycerides, fatty acid concentrations, and glycerol turnover, as assessed by [2-13C]glycerol, were all decreased in both lean and obese rats infused with AICAR (P < 0.05 vs. basal), whereas insulin had no effect on these parameters in the obese rats. Endogenous glucose production rates, measured by [U-13C]glucose, were suppressed by >50% during AICAR and insulin infusions in both lean and obese rats (P < 0.05 vs. basal). In lean rats, rates of whole-body glucose disposal increased by more than two-fold (P < 0.05 vs. basal) during both AICAR and insulin infusion; [3H]2-deoxy-D-glucose transport activity increased to a similar extent, by >2.2-fold (both P < 0.05 vs. control), in both soleus and red gastrocnemius muscles of lean rats infused with either AICAR or insulin. In the obese Zucker rats, neither AICAR nor insulin stimulated whole-body glucose disposal or soleus muscle glucose transport activity. However, AICAR increased glucose transport activity by approximately 2.4-fold (P < 0.05 vs. control) in the red gastrocnemius from obese rats, whereas insulin had no effect. In summary, acute infusion of AICAR in an insulin-resistant rat model activates skeletal muscle AMPK and increases glucose transport activity in red gastrocnemius muscle while suppressing endogenous glucose production and lipolysis. Because type 2 diabetes is characterized by diminished rates of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake as well as increased basal rates of endogenous glucose production and lipolysis, these results suggest that AICAR-related compounds may represent a new class of antidiabetic agents.
Elevated serum levels of MMP-11 correlate with poor prognosis in colon cancer patients.

BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase 11 (MMP11) has been shown to play a key role in human tumor progression and indicates poor clinical outcome in cancer patients. OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum levels of MMP-11 and prognosis in colon cancer patients. METHODS Serum levels of MMP-11 were determined in 92 colon cancer patients and 92 healthy individuals using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Associations between serum MMP-11 levels and clinicopathological characteristics of the patients and their outcomes were investigated. Survival analyses were performed to measure the 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS Serum MMP-11 levels were substantially higher in colon cancer patients than in healthy controls. Moreover, serum MMP-11 levels were significantly higher in patients with advanced T status, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and a higher TNM stage. Elevated serum levels of MMP-11 were identified as an independent prognostic factor for 5-year mortality and adverse events associated with colon cancer. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified the serum MMP-11 level as an independent predictor of OS and DFS. CONCLUSION Our study established that high serum levels of MMP-11 are associated with poor clinical outcome and may serve as a prognostic biomarker in colon cancer patients.
Establishment of optimal scan delay for multi-phase computed tomography using bolus-tracking technique in canine pancreas

To establish a protocol for a multi-phase computed tomography (CT) of the canine pancreas using the bolus-tracking technique, dynamic scan and multi-phase CT were performed in six normal beagle dogs. The dynamic scan was performed for 60 sec at 1-sec intervals after the injection (4 ml/sec) of a contrast medium, and intervals from aortic enhancement appearance to aortic, pancreatic parenchymal and portal vein peaks were measured. The multi-phase CT with 3 phases was performed three times using a bolus-tracking technique. Scan delays were 0, 15 and 30 in first multi-phase scan; 5, 20 and 35 in second multi-phase scan; and 10, 25 and 40 sec in third multi-phase scan, respectively. Attenuation values and contrast enhancement pattern were analyzed from the aorta, pancreas and portal vein. The intervals from aortic enhancement appearance to aortic, pancreatic parenchymal and portal vein peaks were 3.8 ± 0.7, 8.7 ± 0.9 and 13.3 ± 1.5 sec, respectively. The maximum attenuation values of the aorta, pancreatic parenchyma and portal vein were present at scan sections with no scan delay, a 5-sec delay and a 10-sec delay, respectively. When a multi-phase CT of the canine pancreas is triggered at aortic enhancement appearance using a bolus-tracking technique, the recommended optimal delay times of the arterial and pancreatic parenchymal phases are no scan delay and 5 sec, respectively.
Investigation of Working Binder in Hot-Mix Asphalt Containing Recycled Asphalt Pavements

This study investigates the effect of the amount of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) on the volumetric and mechanical properties of hot-mix-asphalt (HMA). To better understand the effect of the RAP binder on HMA, six different job mix formulae (JMF) containing 0, 20, and 40% RAP from two sources were prepared and tested for complex modulus and moisture susceptibility. The optimum asphalt of the JMFs did not change between virgin HMA and the HMA containing RAP. The selective absorption effect on virgin materials compared to RAP materials was manifested in the complex modulus results. However, the complex modulus results indicated that aggregate structure due to the use of RAP makes it difficult to accurately determine the amount of working binder. The study also concluded that these RAP materials may potentially improved the moisture susceptibility of the mixes. In addition, the indirect tensile strength of the mixes at room temperature increased when RAP is included in the mix.
Dual effects of a homeopathic mineral complex on carrageenan-induced oedema in rats

Abstract Carrageenan oedema, a classical experimental model commonly used to test activity of anti-inflammatory drugs, was used to evaluate the therapeutic activity of a low-potency mineral complex (MC). The MC was administered in the right plantar surface of albino rats 60 min before, simultaneously and 30 min after injection of carrageenan, an irritant which causes a local, transitory increase of fluid volume. The administration of the MC 60 min before the injection of carrageenan primed the animal to enhanced inflammatory response to the irritant. The administration of MC contemporarily to carrageenan did not modify the kinetic and the extent of the oedema, while the administration of the MC 30 min after the induction of the oedema significantly reduced the early phase of the inflammatory reaction. This indicated that the therapeutic action of this MC is not due to conventional anti-inflammatory effect but to activation of endogenous regulatory mechanisms, a phenomenon which may be regarded as a simple application of the ‘similia rule’.
An ex vivo evaluation of a new root canal irrigation technique with intracanal aspiration.

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of a new root canal irrigation technique with intracanal aspiration in removing the smear layer and to assess irrigant extrusion ex vivo. METHODOLOGY Thirty-five instrumented canals of extracted human canine teeth that had been resected apically by removing 3 mm of the root tip were divided into one control and four experimental groups of seven teeth each. The roots were fixed in a plastic case and surrounded with normal saline agar coloured with 1% acid red. No irrigation was performed in the control teeth. Each root canal in the experimental groups was irrigated with 9 mL of 14% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid for 3 min, and then with 6 mL of 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 2 min. In the intracanal aspiration technique, the irrigant was delivered from the tip of an injection needle placed 12 mm from the apical root-end and an aspiration needle that was connected to a Root ZX apex locator placed 2 and 3 mm short of the apical root-end in groups 1 and 2, respectively. In the conventional method, the tip of an injection needle used for delivery of the irrigant and as an active electrode was placed 2 and 3 mm short of the apical root-end in groups 3 and 4, respectively, the tip of the aspiration needle was placed 12 mm from the apical root-end in these groups. The readings of the Root ZX during irrigation were recorded. The cleanliness of the canal was evaluated by scoring smear layer from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the canal. Extrusion of NaOCl was detected by measuring the discoloured area of the agar around the apical root-end. The data obtained were statistically analysed by one-way anova, the Kruskal-Wallis test and Friedman's test. RESULTS In the SEM study, the canals in groups 1-3 were significantly cleaner than those in the control and group 4 (P < 0.05). The mean Root ZX readings in groups 1-3 were approximately "0.5". The discoloured area in group 3 was significantly larger than the other groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Irrigation using the intracanal aspiration technique allowed more effective removal of the smear layer than that performed by the conventional method in an apically resected canine tooth. The intracanal aspiration technique produced limited extrusion of the irrigant beyond the apical foramen.
Implementation of Critical Congenital Heart Disease Screening in Minnesota

OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of preparedness and resources needed in Minnesota for the implementation of newborn screening for critical congenital heart diseases (CCHDs). METHODS: A cross sectional survey of all birth centers in Minnesota was performed to assess the capacity to deliver care essential for the CCHD screening program. Compliance with the screening algorithm, nursing workload, and cost were assessed by using a pilot program implemented in 6 normal newborn nurseries. RESULTS: Ninety-one of 99 eligible centers participated in the survey and 90 reported the ability to screen newborns in accordance with recommendations. Only 22 centers, with 63% of births, had access to echocardiography and routinely stocked prostaglandins for neonatal use. Our pilot study screened 7549 newborns with 6 failed screens and 1 CCHD diagnosis. Two of the failed screens were due to misinterpretation of the algorithm, 1 failed screen was not reported, and 4 failed screens were not recognized. Repeated screens were required for 115 newborns, with 29% of retesting due to misinterpretation of the algorithm. The mean nursing time required was 5.5 minutes, and the cost was $5.10 per screen. CONCLUSIONS: In Minnesota, two-thirds of newborns are born in centers with resources for initial diagnosis and management of CCHD. Implementation of a pilot screening program demonstrated minimal increase in nursing workload, but identified problems with interpretation of the algorithm and data reporting. This pilot project suggests the need for simplification of the algorithm, additional training of health care providers, and development of a centralized reporting mechanism.
Indentation creep revisited

Recent extensive nanomechanical experiments have revealed that the instantaneous strength and plasticity of a material can be significantly affected by the size (of sample, microstructure, or stressed zone). One more important property to be added into the list of size-dependent properties is time-dependent plastic deformation referred to as creep; it has been reported that the creep becomes more active at the small scale. Analyzing the creep in the small scale can be valuable not only for solving scientific curiosity but also for obtaining practical engineering information about the lifetime or durability of advanced small-scale structures. For the purpose, nanoindentation creep experiments have been widely performed by far. Here we critically review the existing nanoindentation creep methods and the related issues and finally suggest possible novel ways to better estimate the small-scale creep properties.
Biochemical Characterization of the Bi-lobe Reveals a Continuous Structural Network Linking the Bi-lobe to Other Single-copied Organelles in Trypanosoma brucei*

Background: The bi-lobe is a structure critical to biogenesis and inheritance of several single-copied organelles in Trypanosoma brucei. Results: The bi-lobe was immunoisolated, and new bi-lobe associated proteins were characterized. Conclusion: A continuous structural network connected bi-lobe to other organelles in Trypanosoma brucei. Significance: Structural tethering may be a general strategy to ensure orderly and faithful inheritance of single-copied organelles in protists. Trypanosoma brucei, a unicellular parasite, contains several single-copied organelles that duplicate and segregate in a highly coordinated fashion during the cell cycle. In the procyclic stage, a bi-lobed structure is found adjacent to the single ER exit site and Golgi apparatus, forming both stable and dynamic association with other cytoskeletal components including the basal bodies that seed the flagellum and the flagellar pocket collar that is critical for flagellar pocket biogenesis. To further understand the bi-lobe and its association with adjacent organelles, we performed proteomic analyses on the immunoisolated bi-lobe complex. Candidate proteins were localized to the flagellar pocket, the basal bodies, a tripartite attachment complex linking the basal bodies to the kinetoplast, and a segment of microtubule quartet linking the flagellar pocket collar and bi-lobe to the basal bodies. These results supported an extensive connection among the single-copied organelles in T. brucei, a strategy employed by the parasite for orderly organelle assembly and inheritance during the cell cycle.
Explaining Differences in Subjective Well-Being Across 33 Nations Using Multilevel Models: Universal Personality, Cultural Relativity, and National Income.

This multinational study simultaneously tested three prominent hypotheses--universal disposition, cultural relativity, and livability--that explained differences in subjective well-being across nations. We performed multilevel structural equation modeling to examine the hypothesized relationships at both individual and cultural levels in 33 nations. Participants were 6,753 university students (2,215 men; 4,403 women; 135 did not specify), and the average age of the entire sample was 20.97 years (SD = 2.39). Both individual- and cultural-level analyses supported the universal disposition and cultural relativity hypotheses by revealing significant associations of subjective well-being with Extraversion, Neuroticism, and independent self-construal. In addition, interdependent self-construal was positively related to life satisfaction at the individual level only, whereas aggregated negative affect was positively linked with aggregate levels of Extraversion and interdependent self-construal at the cultural level only. Consistent with the livability hypothesis, gross national income (GNI) was related to aggregate levels of negative affect and life satisfaction. There was also a quadratic relationship between GNI and aggregated positive affect. Our findings reveal that universal disposition, cultural self-construal, and national income can elucidate differences in subjective well-being, but the multilevel analyses advance the literature by yielding new findings that cannot be identified in studies using individual-level analyses alone.
The effect of cleaning and tooth whitening agents on the mechanical properties of two thermoplastic orthodontic retainer materials

Thermoplastic retainers are removable appliances used to prevent teeth from moving from their corrected position after orthodontic treatment. Polyethylene and polypropylene and copolymers of these are used to fabricate thermoplastic retainers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cleaning agents, whitening gel and uniaxial tensile cyclic loading on the mechanical and thermal properties of thermoplastic orthodontic retainer materials. The materials chosen for this investigation were: Essix ACE (polyethylene terephthalate) and Essix C+ (polypropylene), manufactured by Dentsply Raintree Essix, Florida, USA. Dumb-bell shaped specimens were fabricated using a thermal forming method for each test group from an acrylic template. Double-edge notched tension specimens were produced for tensile strength testing and un­ notched specimens for creep testing. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to understand the glass transition temperature and crystallinity of each material. For each characterisation both materials were initially tested dry and then following an immersion protocol in relevant cleaning and whitening solutions (distilled water, sodium hypochlorite, Retainer Brite and whitening gel). Essix ACE demonstrated superior mechanical properties compared to Essix C+ in terms of tensile strength and creep. The use of cleaning agents or whitening gel in the short-term does not negatively affect the mechanical properties of either material.
GSTT1, GSTM1 and CYP2E1 genetic polymorphisms in gastric cancer and chronic gastritis in a Brazilian population.

AIM To test the hypothesis that, in the Southeastern Brazilian population, the GSTT1, GSTM1 and CYP2E1 polymorphisms and putative risk factors are associated with an increased risk for gastric cancer. METHODS We conducted a study on 100 cases of gastric cancer (GC), 100 cases of chronic gastritis (CG), and 150 controls (C). Deletion of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes was assessed by multiplex PCR. CYP2E1/PstI genotyping was performed using a PCR-RFLP assay. RESULTS No relationship between GSTT1/GSTM1 deletion and the c1/c2 genotype of CYP2E1 was observed among the three groups. However, a significant difference between CG and C was observed, due to a greater number of GSTT1/GSTM1 positive genotypes in the CG group. The GSTT1 null genotype occurred more frequently in Negroid subjects, and the GSTM1 null genotype in Caucasians, while the GSTM1 positive genotype was observed mainly in individuals with chronic gastritis infected with H pylori. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that there is no obvious relationship between the GSTT1, GSTM1 and CYP2E1 polymorphisms and gastric cancer.
The novel mouse connexin39 gene is expressed in developing striated muscle fibers

The recently identified mouse connexin39 (mCx39) gene encodes a peptide of 364 amino acids that shows only 61% sequence similarity to its putative human orthologue connexin40.1 (hCx40.1). The coding regions of mCx39 and hCx40.1 are located on two different exons as described for murine and human connexin36. Northern blot and RT-PCR analyses revealed that mCx39 is expressed after embryonic day (ED) 13.5 up to birth and is absent from the adult stage. Polyclonal antibodies raised to a peptide corresponding to the 16 C-terminal amino acid residues detected a protein band of about 40 kDa apparent molecular mass in lysates of several embryonic tissues. In sections of ED14.5, ED16.5 and neonatal (P0) tissues, immunofluorescent signals were prominent between myotubes in the developing diaphragm, within the intercostal muscle, in the region around the occipital bone, as well as in muscles of the limb, tongue and connective tissue around the eye. These antibodies yielded punctate signals on apposed plasma membranes of HeLa cells transfected with Cx39 cDNA but did not react with wild-type cells. Furthermore, no intercellular permeation of microinjected neurobiotin and other tracers could be detected in Cx39 transfected HeLa cells. However, after microinjection of Alexa488 into myotubes of dissected neonatal diaphragm, we found spreading of this dye into neighbouring cells. As expression of no other known connexin could be verified in these cells, intercellular dye transfer might result from functional expression of Cx39 in developing striated muscle fibers.
Exploring Complexity of Deliberate Self-Poisoning through Network Analysis

The purpose of this research was to examine the complexity of circumstances that result in deliberate self-poisoning cases. For the purposes of this paper, the cases were patients that presented for care and were admitted to the specialty hospital in Northwest of Iran. The research examined the problems preceding deliberate self-poisoning and the interrelations among them by applying network analysis methods. The network was scored for degrees of centrality and betweenness centrality. Structural analysis of network also was conducted using block modelling. The results showed that family conflicts had the highest score for degree of centrality among women, while the highest score for degree of centrality among men belonged to those dealing with drug addiction. Analysis for degree of betweenness centrality revealed that drug addiction had the highest score among men, whereas the highest score for women on betweenness centrality was related to physical illness. Structural analysis of the network showed differences in role that various problems played in intentional self-poisoning. The findings from this research can be used by public health authorities to create prevention programs that address the problems leading to deliberate self-poisoning.
Spectrally rich phase distortion sound synthesis using an allpass filter

This paper examines a recently introduced technique for sound synthesis that uses a coefficient modulated allpass filter to cause phase modifications to its input signal. The intention in this work is to outline some of the properties of the coefficient modulated allpass filter and then to establish a connection between this new method and the older technique of Phase Distortion. Results are presented to demonstrate how the allpass technique provides a spectrally richer output signal.