Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are the effects of conscientiousness on contextual and innovative performance context specific? Organizational culture as a moderator

We argue that conscientiousness is a context-specific disposition and its relationship with contextual and innovative performance will be activated in certain organizational cultures. We hypothesized that the relationship between conscientiousness and contextual performance would be higher in outcome-oriented cultures and the relationship between conscientiousness and innovative job performance would be higher in innovation-oriented cultures. These two hypotheses were not supported. We further hypothesized and found support that conscientiousness and contextual and innovative performance relationships are stronger in combined outcome- and innovation-oriented cultures. Our results indicate that these two cultural values complement each other in facilitating positive outcomes for conscientious employees.
Using Experiential Methods to Teach about Measurement Validity

Organizational consultants depend on the validity of their assessments to be effective in their work. Within psychology, the 1959 article by Campbell and Fiske on convergent and discriminant validity by the multitrait-multimethod matrix was the most frequently cited in the history of the journal where it was published. The present article suggests how authority dynamics in classrooms impede students from understanding key concepts, describes how students were taught to use the matrix by experiential methods, shows better convergent and discriminant validity for an experientially developed trait than for one established by other procedures, and implies that concepts of validity can be made more accessible by using experiential methods.
SELECTION BY ATTAINMENT AND APTITUDE IN ENGLISH SECONDARY SCHOOLS

ABSTRACT: This paper presents the findings from a study of the admission arrangements for all secondary schools in England. We sketch the history of selection, answer questions about the scale and extent of selection by attainment or aptitude including an account of partially selective schools, consider the similarity and differences between selection by aptitude and by attainment and analyse some of the issues associated with both kinds of selection.
Personality disorder and the law in Scotland: a historical perspective

'Psychopathic disorder' has retained its place in English and Welsh mental health legislation since 1959, but is innominate in equivalent Scottish legislation. This paper describes the evolution of the law relating to personality disorder in Scotland, including consideration of the development of diminished responsibility, the introduction of the moral imbecile and the 'absence' of psychopathic disorder from the Mental Health (Scotland) Act 1960 and the Mental Health (Scotland) Act 1984. It emerges that statute law in Scotland has been very similar to that in England and Wales. However, legal practice in relation to diminished responsibility prior to the abolition of the death penalty excluded psychopathic offenders, and psychiatric practice since the 1970s has tended to reject hospital disposals for offenders with primary personality disorders. A historical understanding of personality disorder and the law in Scotland clarifies current difference between Scotland and England and Wales, and helps in the understanding of proposed future development in this area in Scotland, which, subsequent to devolution, is likely to diverge from England and Wales.
MOTIVIC NATURE OF CHARACTER VALUES OF DEPTH-ZERO REPRESENTATIONS

In the present paper, it is shown that the values of Harish- Chandra distribution characters on definable compact subsets of the set of topologically unipotent elements of some reductive p-adic groups can be expressed as the trace of Frobenius action on certain geometric objects, namely, Chow motives. The result is restricted to a class of depth-zero representations of symplectic or special orthogonal groups that can be obtained by inflation from Deligne-Lusztig representations. The proof works both in positive and zero characteristic, and relies on arithmetic motivic integration.
PENGARUH KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN EKONOMI DI SMA

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemandirian belajar dan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran ekonomi kelas XI IIS SMA Negeri 4 Pontianak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif dengan bentuk penelitian yaitu studi hubungan. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 52 siswa. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa kemandirian belajar berpengaruh signifikan kepada hasil belajar sebesar 10%. Pengaruh ini tergolong kecil dikarenakan luasnya faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil belajar serta siswa yang masih ragu pada diri sendiri dan belum sepenuhnya siswa jujur dalam mengisi angket penelitian. Untuk hasil belajar rata-rata nilai siswa masuk dalam kategori baik dengan skor rata-rata yaitu 81,42. Kata kunci : Kemandirian Belajar, Hasil Belajar Abstract : This study aims to determine the independent learning and student learning result on economic subjects in class XI SMA IIS 4 Pontianak . The method used is descriptive research method with a form of research that studies the relationship . Samples in this study were 52 students . Results of the data analysis showed that independent learning have a significant effect on the results of learning by 10 % . This influence is small due to the breadth of the factors that influence learning outcomes as well as students who are still unsure of myself and the students have not been fully honest in filling out the questionnaire research . For the study the average student scores well in the category with an average score is 81.42 Keywords : Independent learning, Learning Result
On-demand language model interpolation for mobile speech input

Google offers several speech features on the Android mobile operating system: search by voice, voice input to any text field, and an API for application developers. As a result, our speech recognition service must support a wide range of usage scenarios and speaking styles: relatively short search queries, addresses, business names, dictated SMS and e-mail messages, and a long tail of spoken input to any of the applications users may install. We present a method of on-demand language model interpolation in which contextual information about each utterance determines interpolation weights among a number of n-gram language models. On-demand interpolation results in an 11.2% relative reduction in WER compared to using a single language model to handle all traffic. Index Terms: language modeling, interpolation, mobile
Customer-Centric Science: Reporting Significant Research Results With Rigor, Relevance, and Practical Impact in Mind

In response to the ongoing concern regarding a science-practice gap, we propose a customer-centric approach to reporting significant research results that involves a sequence of three interdependent steps. The first step involves setting an alpha level (i.e., a priori Type I error rate) that considers the relative seriousness of falsely rejecting a null hypothesis of no effect or relationship (i.e., Type I error) relative to not detecting an existing effect or relationship (i.e., Type II error) and reporting the actual observed p value (i.e., probability that the data would be obtained if the null hypothesis is true). The second step involves reporting estimates of the size of the effect or relationship, which indicate the extent to which an outcome is explained or predicted. The third step includes reporting results of a qualitative study to gather evidence regarding the practical significance of the effect or relationship. Our proposal to report research results with rigor, relevance, and practical impact involves important changes in how we report research results with the goal to bridge the science-practice gap.
The Plaque Inhibitory Effect of Aloe Vera Mouthrinse in A Four Day De Novo Plaque Formation Model- A Randomized, Double Blind Crossover Study

Mechanical oral hygiene procedures are most widely accepted procedures for controlling bacterial plaque, but these methods have certain limitations. Based on several clinical trials, chlorhexidine mouthrinse have been accepted as a benchmark to be used as an adjunct to mechanical oral hygiene aids, however it is associated with side effects in its long term use. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antiplaque efficacy of a herbal Aloe vera mouthrinse and compare it to gold standard Chlorhexidine. A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, three group crossover, four day de novo plaque accumulation model was used. Study involved three experimental phases with a ten day washout period in between each phase. Twelve student volunteers were refrained from all oral hygiene measures for four days, but rinsed twice daily with 10 ml of one of the randomly assigned mouthrinse (chlorhexidine, Aloe vera, and placebo mouthrinse) in each test phase. Plaque index and plaque area was measured on day four. The Aloe vera mouthrinse showed a significant inhibition of plaque re-growth compared to placebo (P<0.0001), but the lowest values of plaque index and plaque area were obtained with chlorhexidine. The study concluded that Aloe vera has a promising plaque inhibitory potential but is not as efficacious as chlorhexidine in preventing plaque re-growth.
Digital age, digital English

A response to the articles on e-mail by Li Lan and Li Yongyan in ET64 (Oct 00). This article discusses what has been happening to e-mail English and what might yet happen as a consequence to off-line English. The paper first examines the effect on the use of English in the electronic medium. It then talks about the influence of e-mail English on the off-line use of English, and closes with a description of the interface between English and Chinese in e-mails. Li Yongyan focuses on the discursive aspect of e-mail messages in her article. She mainly talks about styles and coherence in e-mail writing. In contrast, Li Lan primarily describes the linguistic aspect of e-mail English. Her article discusses both the conversational style of, and innovations and distinctive usages in, e-mail English. Both also describe English-Chinese code-mixing in their articles, as well as the emergence of novel linguistic features in e-mail English, such as the omission of the sentence subject.
Tuberculosis: cost of illness in Germany

4,444 new cases of tuberculosis (TB) were reported in Germany in 2009; of those, the proportion of multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB cases increased to 2.1% (63 cases). On the basis of the therapy guidelines of the German Central Committee against Tuberculosis and the new World Health Organization guidelines, this study estimates the mean direct outpatient and combined in- and outpatient costs of TB, together with other attributable costs of the disease on the basis of the most recent German official health statistics and scientific literature. According to this, the mean outpatient costs (rounded) per case were €1,197 (adults) and €1,006 (children) for standard therapy, but €36,543 for treatment of MDR-TB. The mean combined in-patient/outpatient costs were €7,364 (adults) and €7,300 (children), respectively; the combined costs for treatment of MDR-TB amounted to €52,259. Including MDR-TB cases the mean costs of treatment per TB case were €7,931. These are joined by the mean costs due to loss of productivity (€2,313), costs per case for rehabilitation (€74) and contact tracing (€922), adding up to €11,240. When considering the probability of increasing numbers of MDR-TB cases in the near future, TB is still a disease of significant economic impact in Germany.
Retention, Social Promotion, and Academic Redshirting

State and district accountability systems are increasingly including retention in grade for young students who do not demonstrate adequate reading achievement levels. This article examines the research on the effectiveness of retention and other responses, including social promotion, and the growing parental practice of “academic redshirting” of children by delaying their entry into kindergarten. Recommendations for future research are discussed.
Biarsenical Labeling of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Encoding Tetracysteine-Tagged M Protein Allows Dynamic Imaging of M Protein and Virus Uncoating in Infected Cells

ABSTRACT A recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-PeGFP-M-MmRFP) encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein fused in frame with P (PeGFP) in place of P and a fusion matrix protein (monomeric red fluorescent protein fused in frame at the carboxy terminus of M [MmRFP]) at the G-L gene junction, in addition to wild-type (wt) M protein in its normal location, was recovered, but the MmRFP was not incorporated into the virions. Subsequently, we generated recombinant viruses (VSV-PeGFP-ΔM-Mtc and VSV-ΔM-Mtc) encoding M protein with a carboxy-terminal tetracysteine tag (Mtc) in place of the M protein. These recombinant viruses incorporated Mtc at levels similar to M in wt VSV, demonstrating recovery of infectious rhabdoviruses encoding and incorporating a tagged M protein. Virions released from cells infected with VSV-PeGFP-ΔM-Mtc and labeled with the biarsenical red dye (ReAsH) were dually fluorescent, fluorescing green due to incorporation of PeGFP in the nucleocapsids and red due to incorporation of ReAsH-labeled Mtc in the viral envelope. Transport and subsequent association of M protein with the plasma membrane were shown to be independent of microtubules. Sequential labeling of VSV-ΔM-Mtc-infected cells with the biarsenical dyes ReAsH and FlAsH (green) revealed that newly synthesized M protein reaches the plasma membrane in less than 30 min and continues to accumulate there for up to 2 1/2 hours. Using dually fluorescent VSV, we determined that following adsorption at the plasma membrane, the time taken by one-half of the virus particles to enter cells and to uncoat their nucleocapsids in the cytoplasm is approximately 28 min.
On the Potential for Psychological Researchers and Psychologists to Promote the Social Inclusion of People with Disability: A Review

Objective This paper outlines different approaches to understanding disability and describes ways in which psychological researchers and psychologists can promote the social inclusion of people with disability. Method Narrative review drawing on writings and research from psychology and disability studies. Results Five prominent models of disability appear in the literature (moral, medical, social, biopsychosocial, and post‐modern), all of which have relevance to the lives of people with disability. Conceptualisations commonly used to understand the experience of disability from a psychological perspective include stigma and psycho‐emotional disablism. There is evidence that people with disability wish to have greater involvement in research (e.g., as consultants and partners in research about them, and as participants in mainstream research) and to see research findings translated into practice. Evidence is emerging that can be used to underpin psychologists work with (a) communities (to foster social change and social justice, and to reduce stigma); (b) organisations, such as schools, workplaces, and disability service providers (to help develop inclusive and supportive environments); (c) families (to promote optimism, alternative understandings of disability, and a sense of control, as well as developing behaviour support plans and providing referrals to other sources of practical support); and (d) people with disability (to assist them with the issues they bring to therapy while being mindful of the potential for psycho‐emotional disablism to colour the material presented). Conclusion Psychological researchers and psychologists have significant potential to contribute to the social inclusion of people with disability.
An Exploratory Factor Analysis of Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents with Academically Talented Students

This study examined the factor structure of Susan Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents in a group of 248 academically talented adolescents. Exploratory factor analytic strategies indicated that four of Harter's eight factors (Scholastic Competence, Athletic Competence, Job Competence, and Behavioral Conduct) were substantially replicated. Results also indicated that items on four additional subscales (Social Acceptance, Physical Appearance, Romantic Appeal, and Close Friendship) were tapping the domains of general attractiveness and peer support. It was suggested that the psychometric properties of the postulated subscales be examined across ages and groups to determine their generalizability and that attention be given to obtaining concurrent and predictive validity evidence.
Contact/Shared Residence and Child Well-Being: Research Evidence and its Implications for Legal Decision-Making

This article considers the implications for legal decision-making of one aspect of research on children's adjustment to parental separation: the significance for child well-being of maintaining a relationship with both parents, either by way of contact with a non-resident parent or by means of a shared (dual) residence arrangement (known in some jurisdictions as 'joint physical custody'). It is argued that policy-makers who have rejected recent calls for a statutory presumption of child/non-resident parent contact, or of equal division of a child's time between parents, have acted appropriately in the light of the research evidence.
Multiple sclerosis in US veterans of the Vietnam era and later military service: Race, sex, and geography

We identified 5,345 cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) among US veterans who first entered military service between 1960 and 1994, and who were “service‐connected” for MS by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). Two controls per case were matched on age, date of service entry, and branch of service. Available for service and VA files were demographic and military data for 4,951 cases and 9,378 controls. Versus white men, relative risk of MS was significantly higher for all women, at 2.99 for whites, 2.86 for blacks, and 3.51 for those of other races. This was a significant increase from our prior series of veterans of World War II and the Korean Conflict, where white women had a relative risk of 1.79. Risk for black men was higher now (0.67 vs 0.44), while other men remained low (0.30 vs 0.22). Residence at service entry in the northern tier of states had a relative risk of 2.02 versus the southern tier, which was significantly less than the 2.64 for the earlier series. Residence by individual state at birth and service entry for white men further supported this decreasing geographic differential. Such marked changes in geography, sex, and race in such a short interval strongly imply a primary environmental factor in the cause or precipitation of this disease.
Effect of mutations in the "extended -10" motif of three Bacillus subtilis sigmaA-RNA polymerase-dependent promoters.

The "extended -10" motif described originally in Escherichia coli promoters occurs frequently in other bacterial promoters. Most Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage o29 promoters contain this motif. To analyse the influence of the motif on sigmaA-RNA polymerase transcription, the 5'-TG-3' dinucleotide was changed to 5'-AC-3' in three o29 promoters. This change impaired RNA polymerase binding to the promoters; the yields of closed and open complexes were reduced independently of other differences inherent to each promoter. The mutation abolished transcription in vitro from a promoter lacking the consensus sequence at the -35 hexamer. In contrast, at other promoters with a -35 consensus sequence, the yield of run off transcription was not reduced by the mutation. Indeed an apparent interference phenomenon at high polymerase/DNA ratios was relieved. These results indicate that the extended -10 motif provides contact points for sigmaA-RNA polymerase with a role restricted to the first steps of transcription.
The Novice Researcher: Interviewing Young Children

Being a novice researcher undertaking research interviews with young children requires understandings of the interview process. By investigating the interaction between a novice researcher undertaking her first interview and a child participant, the authors attend to theoretical principles, such as the competence of young children as informants, and highlight practical matters when interviewing young children. A conversation analysis approach examines the talk preceding and following a sticker task. By highlighting the conversational features of a research interview, researchers can better understand the coconstructed nature of the interview. This article provides insights into how to prepare for the interview and manage the interview context to recognize the active participation of child participants and the value of artifacts to promote interaction. These insights make more transparent the interactional process of a research interview and become part of the researcher’s collection of devices to manage the conduct of research interviews.
Directly Transforming PCR-Amplified DNA Fragments into Plant Cells Is a Versatile System That Facilitates the Transient Expression Assay

A circular plasmid containing a gene coding sequence has been broadly used for studying gene regulation in cells. However, to accommodate a quick screen plasmid construction and preparation can be time consuming. Here we report a PCR amplified dsDNA fragments (PCR-fragments) based transient expression system (PCR-TES) for suiting in the study of gene regulation in plant cells. Instead of transforming plasmids into plant cells, transient expression of PCR-fragments can be applicable. The transformation efficiency and expression property of PCR-fragments are comparable to transformation using plasmids. We analyzed the transformation efficiency in PCR-TES at transcription and protein levels. Our results indicate that the PCR-TES is as versatile as the conventional transformation system using plasmid DNA. Through reconstituting PYR1-mediated ABA signaling pathway in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts, we were not only validating the practicality of PCR-TES but also screening potential candidates of CDPK family members which might be involved in the ABA signaling. Moreover, we determined that phosphorylation of ABF2 by CPK4 could be mediated by ABA-induced PYR1 and ABI1, demonstrating a crucial role of CDPKs in the ABA signaling. In summary, PCR-TES can be applicable to facilitate analyzing gene regulation and for the screen of putative regulatory molecules at the high throughput level in plant cells.