Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Testosterone and chess competition.

The hormone testosterone (T) has a central role in recent theories about allocation of status ransk during face-to-face competition. It has been methodologically convenient to test the hypothesized T mechanism in physically taxing athletic contests, where results have been supportive, although their generalizability to normal social competition is questionable. Competition among chess players is a step closer to normal social competition because it does not require physical struggle, and it is the arena for tests of the T mechanism which are reported here. We find that winners of chess trounaments show higher T levels than do losers. Also, in certain circumstances, competitors show rises in T before their games, as if in preparation for the contests. These results generally support recent theories about the role of T in the allocation of status ranks
Regulation of Plant Growth, Photosynthesis, Antioxidation and Osmosis by an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus in Watermelon Seedlings under Well-Watered and Drought Conditions

Drought stress has become an increasingly serious environmental issue that influences the growth and production of watermelon. Previous studies found that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization improved the fruit yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of watermelon grown under water stress; however, the exact mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, the effects of Glomus versiforme symbiosis on the growth, physio-biochemical attributes, and stress-responsive gene expressions of watermelon seedlings grown under well-watered and drought conditions were investigated. The results showed that AM colonization did not significantly influence the shoot growth of watermelon seedlings under well-watered conditions but did promote root development irrespective of water treatment. Drought stress decreased the leaf relative water content and chlorophyll concentration, but to a lesser extent in the AM plants. Compared with the non-mycorrhizal seedlings, mycorrhizal plants had higher non-photochemical quenching values, which reduced the chloroplast ultrastructural damage in the mesophyll cells and thus maintained higher photosynthetic efficiency. Moreover, AM inoculation led to significant enhancements in the enzyme activities and gene expressions of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and monodehydroascorbate reductase in watermelon leaves upon drought imposition. Consequently, AM plants exhibited lower accumulation of MDA, H2O2 and O2− compared with non-mycorrhizal plants. Under drought stress, the soluble sugar and proline contents were significantly increased, and further enhancements were observed by pre-treating the drought-stressed plants with AM. Taken together, our findings indicate that mycorrhizal colonization enhances watermelon drought tolerance through a stronger root system, greater protection of photosynthetic apparatus, a more efficient antioxidant system and improved osmoregulation. This study contributes to advances in the knowledge of AM-induced drought tolerance.
Clinical practice parameters for hemodynamic support of pediatric and neonatal septic shock: 2007 update from the American College of Critical Care Medicine*

Background:The Institute of Medicine calls for the use of clinical guidelines and practice parameters to promote “best practices” and to improve patient outcomes. Objective:2007 update of the 2002 American College of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Guidelines for Hemodynamic Support of Neonates and Children with Septic Shock. Participants:Society of Critical Care Medicine members with special interest in neonatal and pediatric septic shock were identified from general solicitation at the Society of Critical Care Medicine Educational and Scientific Symposia (2001–2006). Methods:The Pubmed/MEDLINE literature database (1966–2006) was searched using the keywords and phrases: sepsis, septicemia, septic shock, endotoxemia, persistent pulmonary hypertension, nitric oxide, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and American College of Critical Care Medicine guidelines. Best practice centers that reported best outcomes were identified and their practices examined as models of care. Using a modified Delphi method, 30 experts graded new literature. Over 30 additional experts then reviewed the updated recommendations. The document was subsequently modified until there was greater than 90% expert consensus. Results:The 2002 guidelines were widely disseminated, translated into Spanish and Portuguese, and incorporated into Society of Critical Care Medicine and AHA sanctioned recommendations. Centers that implemented the 2002 guidelines reported best practice outcomes (hospital mortality 1%–3% in previously healthy, and 7%–10% in chronically ill children). Early use of 2002 guidelines was associated with improved outcome in the community hospital emergency department (number needed to treat = 3.3) and tertiary pediatric intensive care setting (number needed to treat = 3.6); every hour that went by without guideline adherence was associated with a 1.4-fold increased mortality risk. The updated 2007 guidelines continue to recognize an increased likelihood that children with septic shock, compared with adults, require 1) proportionally larger quantities of fluid, 2) inotrope and vasodilator therapies, 3) hydrocortisone for absolute adrenal insufficiency, and 4) ECMO for refractory shock. The major new recommendation in the 2007 update is earlier use of inotrope support through peripheral access until central access is attained. Conclusion:The 2007 update continues to emphasize early use of age-specific therapies to attain time-sensitive goals, specifically recommending 1) first hour fluid resuscitation and inotrope therapy directed to goals of threshold heart rates, normal blood pressure, and capillary refill ≤2 secs, and 2) subsequent intensive care unit hemodynamic support directed to goals of central venous oxygen saturation >70% and cardiac index 3.3–6.0 L/min/m2.
On theories having a finite number of nonisomorphic countable models

In this paper we shall state some interesting facts concerning non-ω-categorical theories which have only finitely many countable models. Although many examples of such theories are known, almost all of them are essentially the same in the following sense: they are obtained from ω-categorical theories, called base theories below, by adding axioms for infinitely many constant symbols. Moreover all known base theories have the (strict) order property in the sense of [6], and so they are unstable. For example, Ehrenfeucht's well-known example which has three countable models has the theory of dense linear order as its base theory. Many papers including [4] and [5] are motivated by the conjecture that every non-ω-categorical theory with a finite number of countable models has the (strict) order property, but this conjecture still remains open. (Of course there are partial positive solutions. For example, in [4], Pillay showed that if such a theory has few links (see [1]), then it has the strict order property. ) In this paper we prove the instability of the base theory T0 of such a theory T rather that T itself. Our main theorem is a strengthening of the following which is also our result: if a theory T0 is stable and ω-categorical, then T0 cannot be extended to a theory T which has n countable models (1 < n < ω) by adding axioms for constant symbols.
A Numerical Study of Local Variations in Tidal Regime of Tagus Estuary, Portugal

Tidal dynamics of shallow estuaries and lagoons is a complex matter that has attracted the attention of a large number of researchers over the last few decades. The main purpose of the present work is to study the intricate tidal dynamics of the Tagus estuary, which states as the largest estuary of the Iberian Peninsula and one of the most important wetlands in Portugal and Europe. Tagus has large areas of low depth and a remarkable geomorphology, both determining the complex propagation of tidal waves along the estuary of unknown manner. A non-linear two-dimensional vertically integrated hydrodynamic model was considered to be adequate to simulate its hydrodynamics and an application developed from the SIMSYS2D model was applied to study the tidal propagation along the estuary. The implementation and calibration of this model revealed its accuracy to predict tidal properties along the entire system. Several model runs enabled the analysis of the local variations in tidal dynamics, through the interpretation of amplitude and phase patterns of the main tidal constituents, tidal asymmetry, tidal ellipses, form factor and tidal dissipation. Results show that Tagus estuary tidal dynamics is extremely dependent on an estuarine resonance mode for the semi-diurnal constituents that induce important tidal characteristics. Besides, the estuarine coastline features and topography determines the changes in tidal propagation along the estuary, which therefore result essentially from a balance between convergence/divergence and friction and advection effects, besides the resonance effects.
Explaining International Differences in Entrepreneurship: The Role of Individual Characteristics and Regulatory Constraints

We use a micro dataset that collects information across individuals, countries, and time to investigate the determinants of entrepreneurial activity in thirty-seven developed and developing nations. We focus both on individual characteristics and on countries' regulatory differences. We show that individual characteristics, such as gender, age, and status in the workforce are important determinants of entrepreneurship, and we also highlight the relevance of social networks, self-assessed skills, and attitudes toward risk. Moreover, we find that regulation plays a critical role, particularly for those individuals who become entrepreneurs to pursue a business opportunity. The individual characteristics that are impacted most by regulation are those measuring working status, social network, business skills, and attitudes toward risk
The Distribution of Active Galactic Nuclei in Clusters of Galaxies

We present a study of the distribution of AGNs in clusters of galaxies with a uniformly selected, spectroscopically complete sample of 35 AGNs in eight clusters of galaxies at z = 0.06 → 0.31. We find that the 12 AGNs with LX > 1042 ergs s-1 in cluster members more luminous than a rest-frame MR < -20 mag are more centrally concentrated than typical cluster galaxies of this luminosity, although these AGNs have comparable velocity and substructure distributions to other cluster members. In contrast, a larger sample of 30 cluster AGNs with LX > 1041 ergs s-1 do not show evidence for greater central concentration than inactive cluster members, nor evidence for a different kinematic or substructure distribution. As we do see clear differences in the spatial and kinematic distributions of the blue Butcher-Oemler and red cluster galaxy populations, any difference in the AGN and inactive galaxy population must be less distinct than that between these two pairs of populations. Comparison of the AGN fraction selected via X-ray emission in this study to similarly selected AGNs in the field indicates that the AGN fraction is not significantly lower in clusters, contrary to AGNs identified via visible wavelength emission lines, but similar to the approximately constant radio-selected AGN fraction in clusters and the field. We also find significant evidence for variation in the AGN fraction between clusters and explore the dependence of cluster AGN fraction on redshift, velocity dispersion, amount of cluster substructure, and fraction of Butcher-Oemler galaxies. While we see weak evidence for several trends, there are several correlations between these four parameters in our small sample of eight clusters that preclude identification of which one(s) most strongly influence the cluster AGN fraction.
Fundamental parameters of nearby stars from the comparison with evolutionary calculations: masses, radii and effective temperatures ?

The Hipparcos mission has made it possible to con- strain the positions of nearby field stars in the colour-magnitude diagram with very high accuracy. These positions can be com- pared with the predictions of stellar evolutionary calculations to provide information on the basic parameters of the stars: masses, radii, effective temperatures, ages, and chemical com- position. The degeneracy between mass, age, and metallicity is not so large as to prevent a reliable estimate of masses, radii and effective temperatures, at least for stars of solar metallicity. The evolutionary models of Bertelli et al. (1994) predict those parameters finely, and furthermore, the applied transformation from the theoretical (log g Te ) to the observational (Mv-B- V) plane is precise enough to derive radii with an uncertainty of 6%, masses within 8%, and Te s within 2% for a certain range of the stellar parameters. This is demonstrated by means of comparison with the measurements in eclipsing binaries and the InfraRed Flux Method. The application of the interpolation procedure in the theoret- ical isochrones to the stars within 100 pc from the Sun observed with Hipparcos provides estimates for 17,219 stars.
Bacteria recovered from teeth with apical periodontitis after antimicrobial endodontic treatment.

UNLABELLED Chávez de Paz LE, Dahlén G, Molander A, Möller A, Bergenholtz G. Bacteria recovered from teeth with apical periodontitis after antimicrobial endodontic treatment. International Endodontic Journal, 36, 500-508, 2003. AIM To determine whether there is a pattern for certain bacteria to remain after chemo-mechanical treatment of root canals in teeth with apical periodontitis. METHODOLOGY Consecutive root-canal samples of 200 teeth receiving root-canal treatment, referred from general practitioners and endodontic specialists for analyses of cultivable microbes, were studied prospectively. To be included, samples had to be taken at a treatment session subsequent to the one at which endodontic therapy was initiated. All samples were from teeth that either presented with clinical or radiographic evidence of apical periodontitis or both. Bacteriological findings were linked to clinical and radiographic parameters including status of the root canal prior to treatment, namely, vital pulp, necrotic pulp or root filled. RESULTS A total of 248 strains were isolated from 107 teeth giving bacterial growth. Gram-positives predominated (85%). Lactobacillus spp. (22%), nonmutans streptococci (18%), and Enterococcus spp. (12%) were the most common isolates. Gram-negative anaerobes were relatively sporadic. Large radiographic bone lesions, persistent pain and use of intracanal calcium hydroxide dressing correlated with bacterial presence (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Once established, nonmutans streptococci, enterococci and lactobacilli appear to survive commonly following root-canal treatment of teeth with clinical and radiographical signs of apical periodontitis.
Predicting Romantic Interest at Zero Acquaintance: Evidence of Sex Differences in Trait Perception but Not in Predictors of Interest

We evaluated five competing hypotheses about what predicts romantic interest. Through a half–block quasi–experimental design, a large sample of young adults (i.e. responders; n = 335) viewed videos of opposite–sex persons (i.e. targets) talking about themselves, and responders rated the targets’ traits and their romantic interest in the target. We tested whether similarity, dissimilarity or overall trait levels on mate value, physical attractiveness, life history strategy and the Big Five personality factors predicted romantic interest at zero acquaintance and whether sex acted as a moderator. We tested the responders’ individual perception of the targets’ traits, in addition to the targets’ own self–reported trait levels and a consensus rating of the targets made by the responders. We used polynomial regression with response surface analysis within multilevel modelling to test support for each of the hypotheses. Results suggest a large sex difference in trait perception; when women rated men, they agreed in their perception more often than when men rated women. However, as a predictor of romantic interest, there were no sex differences. Only the responders’ perception of the targets’ physical attractiveness predicted romantic interest; specifically, responders’ who rated the targets’ physical attractiveness as higher than themselves reported more romantic interest. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology
The Kinematics of Trunk and Upper Extremities in One-Handed and Two-Handed Backhand Stroke

The Kinematics of Trunk and Upper Extremities in One-Handed and Two-Handed Backhand Stroke The aim of this study was to present kinematics of trunk and upper extremities in tennis players who perform one-handed and two-handed backhand strokes. The study aimed to address the question of whether one of those techniques has some important advantage over the other. If so, what makes it superior? The study included 10 tennis coaches with average coaching experience of 9 years. The coaches were asked to hit 15 one-handed and two-handed backhands. The tests were carried out in a laboratory. A sponge ball was used in order to protect the measurement equipment. Video motion analysis was carried out using BTS SMART system; images were recorded with 6 cameras with a rate of 120 frames per second. The analysis of both backhand strokes focused on the second phase of the stroke (acceleration). The use of an eight-element model of human body for description of upper body motion in both techniques revealed kinematic differences in how both backhands are performed. The two-handed backhand was performed in closed kinetic chain with 8 degrees of freedom, whereas the one-handed backhand involved an open kinetic chain with 7 degrees of freedom. Higher rigidity of upper extremities which are connected with trunk in the two-handed backhand, contributes to an elevated trunk effect in this stroke. This is confirmed by higher component velocities for racket handle, which result from trunk rotation in the two-handed backhand and a negative separation angle in the two-handed backhand at the moment of contact of the racket with the ball. The study does not provide a clear-cut answer to the question of advantages of one technique over the other; however, it reveals dissimilar patterns of driving the racket in both techniques, which suggests the need for extending the analysis of techniques of both backhands with additional kinematics of tennis racket in consideration of measurements of ball velocities.
Catalytic oxidation of 2-Propanol over (Cr,Mn,Fe)-Pt/γ-Al 2 O 3 bimetallic catalysts and modeling of experimental results by artificial neural networks

The catalytic activity of transition metals (Cr,Mn,Fe) supported on the Pt/γ -Al2O3 industrial catalyst was investigated to bring about the complete oxidation of 2-Propanol. Catalytic studies were carried out under atmospheric pressure in a fixed bed reactor. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ICP-AES techniques were used to characterize a series of catalysts. Results showed that the Pt-Mn/γ -Al2O3 (3.88 wt.%Mn) at calcination temperature of 300°C was the most promising catalyst based on activity, which might be contributed to the quantity of manganese loading, the favorable synergetic effects between Pt and Mn and the well-dispersed bimetallic phase. An artificial neural networks (ANN) model was developed to predict the performance of catalytic oxidation process over Pt-Mn/γ -Al2O3 bimetallic catalyst based on experimental data. For this purpose the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) learning algorithm was employed to train the model by using laboratory experimental data. A comparison between the predicted results of the designed ANN model and experimental data was also conducted. The developed model can describe the catalytic oxidation over bimetallic catalysts under different conditions.
Researching at Managerial Philosophy level GESTION ORGANISATIONNELLE DE CARRIERE : RECHERCHE AU NIVEAU PHILOSOPHIQUE DE GESTION

The research on organizational career management is much less than career self-management. There are several taxonomies on dividing organizational career management, but lack at Philosophy level. At managerial Philosophy level, the enterprise can accept not only collectivism or individualism but also equilibriumism value. With collectivism or individualism value, what the enterprise develops is non-systematic organizational career management. While with equilibrium value, the enterprise may develop systematic career management.
The impact of maternal depression on preschoolers internalizing behavior problems

This study compared the frequency of complaints of anxiety, depression, withdrawal, emotional reactivity, and somatic symptoms in children whose mothers showed depression indicators, with the frequency of such complaints in children whose mothers presented no depression indicators, assessed by the scale of internalizing problems of CBCL-11⁄2-5. Twenty-five mothers of thirty-six-month-old boys divided into two groups took part in the study, one group with depression indicators and another without depression indicators. Mothers responded individually to the BDI and CBCL-11⁄2 -5. Significant differences were found between the groups on total internalizing problems and more specifically on emotional reactivity syndrome, with both scores higher in children whose mothers presented depression indicators. The relevance of some dimensions of infant temperament and mechanisms of genetic transmission for understanding the relationship between maternal depression and internalizing problems on preschoolers is discussed.
Constructing identities in a linguistically diverse learning context

This article explores the relationship between language, hegemony and identity in a desegregated school in suburban Johannesburg, South Africa. Drawing on post-structuralist theories of language learning and identity that evaluate cultural models of literacy, ideologies and institutional discourses, this article examines how multilingual learners’ identities are discursively constructed during specific classroom activities. I take the perspective that identity construction is inextricably interwoven with ideology. Disavowal of identities that are deemed institutionally less desirable and affirmation of valued identities are thus a function of hegemony and language policies, inasmuch as they are a marker of institutional boundaries and contextual applications of multilingualism. Furthermore, this article is concerned with how access to institutionally valued linguistic resources shapes learners’ identities and reifies practices beyond the learning context. Drawing on data collected using a qualitative ethnographic approach, I will argue that identities are continually negotiated and constantly being shifted moment by moment, depending on social and learning imperatives prioritised in a multilingual context. My analysis suggests that subject positions are influenced by how language/literacy resources are situated, thus regulating access to certain resources such as English proficiency. All told, contextual subject positions delimit the scope of nomination in relation to types of identity positions learners could claim.