Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On nonhyperbolic reflection moveout in anisotropic media

The famous hyperbolic approximation of P-wave reflection moveout is strictly accurate only if the reflector is a plane, and the medium is homogeneous and isotropic. Heterogeneity, reflector curvature, and anisotropy are the three p ossible causes of moveout nonhyperbolicity at large offsets. In this paper, we analyze th situations where anisotropy is coupled with one of the other two effects. Using the weak an isotropy assumption for transversely isotropic media, we perform analytical deriv ations and comparisons. Both the case of vertical heterogeneity and the case of a curved re flector can be interpreted in terms of an effective anisotropy, though their anisotropic effects are inherently different from the effect of a homogeneous transversely isotropic mod el.
Scalable Overlay Multicast Tree Construction for Media Streaming

Overlay networks have become popular in recent times for content distribution and end-system multicasting of media streams. In the latter case, the motivation is based on the lack of widespread deployment of IP multicast and the ability to perform end-host processing. However, constructing routes between various end-hosts, so that data can be streamed from content publishers to many thousands of subscribers is still a challenging problem. First, any routes between end-hosts using trees built on top of overlay networks can increase stress on the underlying physical network, due to multiple instances of the same data traversing a given physical link. Second, because overlay routes between endhosts may traverse physical network links more than once, they increase the end-to-end latency compared to IP-level routing. Third, algorithms for constructing efficient, largescale trees that reduce link stress and latency are typically more complex. This paper therefore compares various methods to construct multicast trees between end-systems, that vary in terms of implementation costs and their quality of mapping from logical overlay to physical network. We describe several algorithms that make trade-offs between algorithmic complexity, physical link stress and latency. While no algorithm is best in all three cases we show how it is possible to efficiently build trees for several thousand subscribers with latencies within a factor of two of the optimal, and link stresses comparable to, or better than, existing technolo-
Improvement on the performance of bone regeneration of calcium sulfate hemihydrate by adding mineralized collagen.

Comparative investigations of bone regeneration performance for calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO(4). (1/2)H(2)O; CSH) only and CSH with mineralized collagen are reported in this article. The mineralized collagen is the nanohydroxyapatite/collagen (nHAC). The investigations included biocompatibility in vitro and performance of bone repair in vivo. Quantitative and qualitative biocompatibility assays with bone stromal stem cells were performed. A critical box-shaped defect model in the mandible of the rabbit was used to evaluate the bone-remodeling ability of CSH and nHAC/CSH. Results in vitro indicated that the nHAC/CSH significantly improved bioactivity compared with that of CSH, especially in promoting cell adhesion. Further, a higher bone remodeling activity was observed around nHAC/CSH composite than the CSH, especially at the early stage of remodeling. This result means that nHAC/CSH could cause an earlier accelerator and better osseointegration for bone repair than CSH only.
Unusual fatty acid compositions of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus and the bacterium Thermotoga maritima

The fatty acid compositions of the hyperthermophilic microorganisms Thermotoga maritima and Pyrococcus furiosus were studied and compared. A total of 37 different fatty acids were identified in T. maritima, including the novel 13,14-dimethyloctacosanedioic acid. In contrast, a total of 18 different fatty acids were characterized, as minor components, in P. furiosus, and these included saturated, monounsaturated, and dicarboxylic acids. This is the first report of fatty acids from an archaeon.
André Michaux and the Discovery of Magnolia macrophylla in North Carolina

Magnolia macrophylla has been variously reported in the literature as having been discovered by Andre Michaux (1746-1802) in either North Carolina in 1789 or Tennessee in 1795 or perhaps by William Bartram (1739-1823) in Alabama in the 1770’s. The present study uses a variety of source materials, including primary sources, to sort out the conflicting geographic claims and proposes the location of Michaux’s North Carolina sites from new field studies.
A review of geological origins and relationships in the Ballantrae Complex, SW Scotland

Synopsis A substantial history of research has established the Ballantrae Complex as an ophiolite assemblage, generated within the Iapetus Ocean and accreted at the margin of Laurentia as that ocean began to close. Radiometric dates and graptolite biostratigraphy provide an age range from Neoproterozoic (rarely and questionably) to Early Ordovician (commonly and securely). Components of the complex formed in a range of oceanic environments: within-plate oceanic islands, island arcs and back-arc spreading zones. Overall, the various lines of evidence point to an early Arenig marginal basin, incorporating some older elements, which was tectonically disrupted and compressed during an obduction event driven by arc–continent collision. Despite the general consensus as to the age and origin of the complex there remain areas of uncertainty. It is highly probable that some components of the complex that are now structurally juxtaposed originated at a considerable distance from each other both horizontally and vertically. Further, the sporadic presence of high-grade metamorphic rocks – notably blueschists – suggests a complicated and probably polyphase structural history, whilst the relative importance of serpentinite diapirism versus compressional and strike-slip tectonics remains unresolved. In terms of regional structure, the complex appears to occupy a steeply inclined fault zone, separating the Midland Valley from the Southern Uplands terrane to the south, to a depth of several kilometres. This situation questions the concept of the complex as the vestige of an ophiolite sheet obducted on to the Midland Valley basement.
Intimate partner violence, health behaviours, and chronic physical illness among South African women.

OBJECTIVES An association between intimate partner violence and adverse physical health outcomes and health-risk behaviours among women has been established, most scientific research having been conducted in the USA and other developed countries. There have been few studies in developing countries, including South Africa, which has one of the highest rates of intimate partner violence in the world. We therefore sought to study the association between physical intimate partner violence and physical health outcomes and behaviours among South African women. METHODS Using data from the cross-sectional, nationally representative South Africa Stress and Health Study, we assessed exposure to intimate partner violence, health-risk behaviours, health-seeking behaviours and chronic physical illness among a sample of 1 229 married and cohabiting women. RESULTS The prevalence of reported violence was 31%. This correlated with several health-risk behaviours (smoking, alcohol consumption, and use of non-medical sedatives, analgesics and cannabis) and health-seeking behaviours (recent visits to a medical doctor or healer). Intimate partner violence was not significantly associated with chronic physical illness, although rates of headache, heart attack and high blood pressure reached near-significance. CONCLUSIONS Partner violence against women is a significant public health problem in South Africa, associated with health-risk behaviours and increased use of medical services. Public health programmes should incorporate interventions to mitigate the impact of violence on victims and reduce the risk of negative behavioural outcomes. Further investigation of the pathways between violence exposure and health behaviours is needed to inform the design of such programming.
Therapeutic modalities for the management of cerebral vasospasm: timing of endovascular options.

OBJECTIVES To determine if a window of time could be defined during which angioplasty would be most effective in reversing neurological decline and ultimately improving outcome. METHODS Of a group of 466 patients, 93 underwent endovascular management of clinical vasospasm that was medically refractory. Eighty-four of the 93 patients were available for follow-up for at least 6 months. All patients underwent mechanical angioplasty using compliant microballoon systems and, if distal spasm was present, the administration of papaverine. RESULTS Fifty-one patients underwent endovascular management within a 2-hour window, and 33 patients underwent treatment more than 2 hours after the development of their symptoms. Compared with the group treated more than 2 hours after neurological decline (P < 0.01; chi2 = 8.02), the group that underwent endovascular management within a 2-hour window after the development of symptoms demonstrated sustained clinical improvement. CONCLUSION When a patient develops symptomatic vasospasm and is unresponsive to traditional measures of critical care management, angioplasty may be effective in improving the patient's neurological status if this procedure is performed as early as possible. The results indicate that a 2-hour window may exist for restoration of blood flow to ultimately improve the patient's outcome.
Differential cutaneous wound healing in thermally injured MRL/MPJ mice

Adult wound repair occurs with an initial inflammatory response, reepithelialization, and the formation of a permanent scar. MRL/MpJ mice following ear‐hole punch biopsies display accelerated healing and tissue regeneration. In this study, we characterized the healing responses in both MRL/MpJ and BALB/c mice following a 15% total body surface area full‐thickness cutaneous burn injury. Macroscopic and histological observations show that delayed wound closure in MRL/MpJ mice is accompanied by an increase in edema, reduced neutrophil infiltration, and more prominent eschar. In vivo bromodeoxyuridine labeling showed no defect in keratinocyte proliferation and migration (reepithelialization). In comparison with BALB/c mice, MRL/MpJ wounds had greater collagen deposition, less granulation tissue formation, and contained fewer α‐smooth muscle actin‐positive myofibroblasts. An observed reduction in dermal neutrophil infiltration and myofibroblast development correlated with enhanced angiogenesis. Overall, BALB/c wounds contracted sooner and to a larger degree, resulting in a significant decrease in scar formation. Interestingly, MRL/MpJ mice showed overt abnormalities in hair follicle proliferation, morphogenesis, and subsequent hair regrowth postburn injury. No substantial evidence of tissue regeneration was observed in either BALB/c or MRL/MpJ wounds. Our results convincingly demonstrate that MRL/MpJ skin burn wounds heal with scar formation with delays in two critical wound healing events: wound closure, and myofibroblast development.
Linking Personality to Larval Energy Reserves in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

There is a surging interest in the evolution, ecology and physiology of personality differences. However, most of the studies in this research area have been performed in adult animals. Trait variations expressed early in development and how they are related to the ontogeny of an animal’s personality are far less studied. Genetic differences as well as environmental factors causing functional variability of the central serotonergic system have been related to personality differences in vertebrates, including humans. Such gene-environment interplay suggests that the central serotonergic system plays an important role in the ontogeny of personality traits. In salmonid fishes, the timing of emergence from spawning nests is related to energy reserves, aggression, and social dominance. However, it is currently unknown how the size of the yolk reserve is reflected on aggression and dominance, or if these traits are linked to differences in serotonergic transmission in newly emerged larvae. In this study we investigated the relationship between yolk reserves, social dominance, and serotonergic transmission in newly emerged rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae. This was conducted by allowing larvae with the same emergence time, but with different yolk sizes, to interact in pairs for 24 h. The results show that individuals with larger yolks performed more aggressive acts, resulting in a suppression of aggression in individuals with smaller yolks. A higher brain serotonergic activity confirmed subordination in larvae with small yolks. The relationship between social dominance and yolk size was present in siblings, demonstrating a link between interfamily variation in energy reserves and aggression, and suggests that larger yolk reserves fuel a more aggressive personality during the initial territorial establishment in salmonid fishes. Furthermore, socially naïve larvae with big yolks had lower serotonin levels, suggesting that other factors than the social environment causes variation in serotonergic transmission, underlying individual variation in aggressive behavior.
In Vitro Antitumor Activity of Stellettin B, a Triterpene from Marine Sponge Jaspis stellifera, on Human Glioblastoma Cancer SF295 Cells

Stellettin B was isolated from marine sponge Jaspis stellifera. In vitro antitumor activities were investigated on 39 human cancer cell lines. Stellettin B exhibited highly potent inhibition against the growth of a human glioblastoma cell line SF295, with a GI50 of 0.01 μM. In contrast, stellettin B showed very weak inhibitory activity on normal cell lines including HMEC, RPTEC, NHBE and PrEC, with GI50s higher than 10 μM, suggesting its relatively selective cytotoxicity against human cancer cells compared to normal human cell lines. We then focused on the antitumor activity of this compound on SF295 cells. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that stellettin B induced apoptosis in SF295 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Further study indicated that stellettin B increased the production of ROS, the activity of caspase 3/7, as well as the cleavage of PARP, each of which is known to be involved in apoptosis. To investigate the molecular mechanism for cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction, effect on the phosphorylation of several signal proteins of PI3K/Akt and RAS/MAPK pathways was examined. Stellettin B inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt potently, with no activity on p-ERK and p-p38, suggesting that inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway might be involved in the antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effect. However, homogenous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay indicated that stellettin B did not inhibit PI3K activity, suggesting that the direct target might be signal protein upstream of Akt pathway other than PI3K.
Acute {beta}-adrenergic stimulation does not alter mitochondrial protein synthesis or markers of mitochondrial biogenesis in adult men.

Exercise-induced expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) is dramatically inhibited in mice pretreated with a beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) antagonist, suggesting that beta-ARs play an important role in the regulation of skeletal muscle PGC-1alpha expression, and potentially, mitochondrial biogenesis. Accordingly, we hypothesized that acute beta-AR stimulation would induce transcriptional pathways involved in skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis in humans. Whole body protein turnover (WBPT), myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyPS), skeletal muscle mitochondrial protein synthesis (MiPS), and mitochondrial biogenic signaling were determined in samples of vastus lateralis obtained on two separate occasions in 10 young adult males following 1 h of continuous intravenous administration of saline (CON) or a nonspecific beta-AR agonist [isoproterenol (ISO): 12 ng.kg fat free mass(-1). min(-1)], combined with coinfusion of [1,2](13)C-leucine. beta-AR stimulation induced appreciable increases in heart rate and systolic blood pressure (both P < 0.001) but did not affect mitochondrial biogenic signaling (no change in PGC-1alpha, TFAM, NRF-1, NRF-2, COX, or NADHox expression via RT-PCR; P > 0.05). Additionally, MiPS [CON: 0.099 +/- 0.028, ISO: 0.074 +/- 0.046 (mean +/- SD); P > 0.05] and MyPS (CON: 0.059 +/- 0.008, ISO: 0.055 +/- 0.009; P > 0.05), as well as measures of WBPT were unaffected. On the basis of this investigation, we conclude that acute intravenous beta-AR stimulation does not increase mitochondrial protein synthesis or biogenesis signals in skeletal muscle.
MIR in School? Lessons from Ethnographic Observation of Secondary School Music Classes

To help maximise the usefulness of MIR technologies in the wider community, we conducted an ethnographic study of music lessons in secondary schools in London, UK. The purpose is to understand better how musical concepts are negotiated with and without technology, so we can understand when and how MIR tools might be useful. We report on some of the themes uncovered, both about the range of technologies deployed in schools and about the ways different musical concepts are discussed. Importantly, this rich observation elicits some of the nuances between various highand low-technologies. In particular, we discuss issues of multimodality and the role of technologies such as Youtube, as well as specific issues around musical concepts such as genre and rhythm.
Three-dimensional modeling of plume-lithosphere interaction

In order to understand better the dynamics of hot spots such as Hawaii, we present a three-dimensional numerical model for the interaction of a thermal plume with a moving lithosphere. The model domain is a rectangular box filled with fluid whose viscosity depends upon temperature and pressure. The lithosphere is represented by a layer of cold, highly viscous fluid moving with an imposed horizontal velocity U in the x direction, and a thermal plume is generated by a circular temperature anomaly on the bottom of the box. The steady flow is determined numerically using a hybrid spectral/finite difference technique. The flow is characterized by a “stagnation streamline” of width y ∼ x1/5 that represents the edge of the spreading plume material. We illustrate the detailed behavior of the model using the example of the Hawaiian plume. Our best fitting Hawaiian model is obtained by adjusting the plume buoyancy flux B until the predicted topography anomaly matches the observed Hawaiian swell topography; we find B = 4100 kg s−1, which implies a plume radius of 90 km for an assumed plume/mantle temperature contrast of 300°C. The predicted topography is supported primarily by density anomalies beneath the lithosphere and cannot be explained by lithospheric erosion. We therefore conclude that the classical “lithospheric reheating” model is unable to account for hotspot swells. The horizontal flux of buoyancy associated with the swell exceeds B by up to 80%, suggesting that current estimates of B for mantle plumes are too high. Empirically derived scaling laws for the width of the stagnation streamline and for the topography anomaly exhibit power law dependencies on B and U that agree well with those predicted by the “refracted plume” model of Olson (1990). The principal weakness of the model is that the predicted geoid/topography ratio of 0.010 for the Hawaiian swell is about twice the observed value of 0.004–0.006.
Failure envelopes for offshore shallow foundations under general loading

The interaction of vertical, horizontal and moment (VHM) loads acting on a shallow foundation is complex, and it is becoming increasingly popular to represent ultimate limit states under general VHM loading as failure envelopes in three-dimensional load space. General loading is of particular interest offshore, where harsh environmental conditions lead to large horizontal and moment foundation loads. Shallow foundations with peripheral skirts that penetrate into the seabed are used to resist large lateral and overturning forces. During undrained loading, tensile resistance can be mobilised on the underside of the base plate by suctions developed within the skirt compartment. This paper presents failure envelopes and kinematic mechanisms for undrained ultimate limit states of circular skirted foundations in uniform and heterogeneous deposits under general VHM loading based on finite element results. An approximating method is proposed that permits accurate prediction of ultimate limit states under a full range of general loading.
KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA ALAM HUTAN DAN EKOSISTEM (SDHAE) PADA MASYARAKAT DESA PENYANGGA TAMAN NASIONAL MERU BETIRI

This research aims to dig the potentials of each areas based on their local wisdom (resources, knowledge, culture and process) in the areas of villagers of buffer villages at Meru Betiri National Park. The research uses qualitative approach and purposive random sampling is used to determine research location. The locations chosen are buffer villages within the area of Meru Betiri National Park. The activity is conducted in all section of Meru Betiri National Park: Area Section I Sorongan (Rajegwesi), Area Section II Sorongan (Rajegwesi), Area Section II Ambulu (Curahnongko) and Area Section III Kalibaru (Kebunrejo). Data collection is conducted through rapid appraisal methods. The methods used in the researchs consisted of: indepth interview, field observation, and FGD (focus discussion group) thus various data collection technique are used (triangulation technique). Data analysis method collected through indepth interview and observation is using interactive data analysis from Miles and Huberman (1992). The conclusion of the research is that local wisdom owned by villagers of buffer villages in terms of local culture is varied. It is especially indicated in their value system of local culture. The local knowledge is relatively good in which there are technological use adjusted with the management of natural result. Local process in terms of gotong royong (mutual cooperation) and discussion still exists; however, it needs to be maintained for the sustainability of SDAHE management at Meru Betiri National Park. The potential of local resources owned by each buffer villages is different from each other. Keywords: Local wisdom, Natural Resources of Forest and Ecosystem (SDHAE), Buffer Village, Meru Betiri National Park
An automated method for modeling proteins on known templates using distance geometry

We present an automated method incorporated into a software package, FOLDER, to fold a protein sequence on a given three‐dimensional (3D) template. Starting with the sequence alignment of a family of homologous proteins, tertiary structures are modeled using the known 3D structure of one member of the family as a template. Homologous interatomic distances from the template are used as constraints. For nonhomologous regions in the model protein, the lower and the upper bounds for the interatomic distances are imposed by steric constraints and the globular dimensions of the template, respectively. Distance geometry is used to embed an ensemble of structures consistent with these distance bounds. Structures are selected from this ensemble based on minimal distance error criteria, after a penalty function optimization step. These structures are then refined using energy optimization methods.