Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hormones and schizophrenia

Purpose of review It is a well established fact that many serious mental illnesses, in particular psychoses such as schizophrenia, may have a significant hormonal aetiological component. This study aims to discuss the oestrogen protection hypothesis of schizophrenia in particular, with an emphasis on findings from the recent literature in support of this theory. Recent findings Epidemiological and life-cycle data point to significant differences in the incidence and course of schizophrenia between men and women, suggesting a protective role of oestrogen. In-vitro and in-vivo preclinical research has confirmed oestradiol's interactions with central neurotransmitter systems implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, whereas results from randomized controlled trials investigating the antipsychotic potential of oestrogen have been promising. Research into other neuroactive hormones with possible effects on mental state is a field still in its infancy but is evolving rapidly. Summary Schizophrenia and related psychoses are pervasive and debilitating conditions, for which currently available treatments are often only partially effective and entail a high risk of serious side effects. Thus, new therapeutic strategies are needed, and the literature reviewed here suggests that hormones such as oestrogen could be a viable option. It is hoped that, with further research and larger trials, the oestrogen hypothesis can be translated into effective clinical practice.
Alcohol ingestion decreases both diurnal and nocturnal secretion of leptin in healthy individuals

OBJECTIVE Neuropeptide Y (NPY) stimulates appetite and increases food intake. Leptin inhibits NPY. It is not known whether alcohol influences any of these factors, but it has been suggested that alcohol stimulates appetite in man. The primary objective of this investigation was to determine whether ingestion of ethanol inhibits leptin secretion in normal subjects.
Part-Year Operation in 19th Century American Manufacturing: Evidence from the 1870 and 1880 Censuses

Using unpublished data contained in samples from the manuscripts of the 1870 and 1880 censuses of manufactures, we examine the extent and correlates of part-year manufacturing during the late nineteenth century. These data are the earliest comprehensive estimates available and, while the typical manufacturing plant operated "full-time," part-year operation was not uncommon. The likelihood of part-year operation varied across industries and location and with plant characteristics and workers in such plants received somewhat higher monthly wages than those in firms that operated year-round, compensating them somewhat for the loss and possible inconvenience.
Price Volatility Forecasts for Agricultural Commodities: An Application of Historical Volatility Models, Option Implieds and Composite Approaches for Futures Prices of Corn and Wheat

There has been substantial research effort aimed to forecast futures price return volatilities of financial and commodity assets. Some part of this research focuses on the performance of time-series models (in particular ARCH models) versus option implied volatility models. A significant part of the literature related to this topic shows that volatility forecast accuracy is not easy to estimate regardless of the forecasting model applied. This paper examines the volatility accuracy of volatility forecast models for the case of corn and wheat futures price returns. The models applied here are a univariate GARCH, a multivariate ARCH (the BEKK model), an option implied and a composite forecast model. The composite model includes time-series (historical) and option implied volatility forecasts. The results show that the option implied model is superior to the historical models in terms of accuracy and that the composite forecast model was the most accurate one (compared to the alternative models) having the lowest mean-square-errors. Given these findings it is recommended to use a composite forecast model if both types of data are available i.e. the time-series (historical) and the option implied. In addition, the results of this paper are consistent to that part of the literature that emphasizes the difficulty on being accurate about forecasting asset price return volatility. This is because the explanatory power (coefficient of determination) calculated in the forecast regressions were relatively low.
The Dividend Initiation Decision of Newly Public Firms: Some Evidence on Signaling with Dividends

Abstract We track the dividend initiation (DI) decisions from a sample of 6,588 firms that went public during the period 1979–2005 and find that 873 of them initiated dividends. Our primary objective is to determine whether information signaling can explain the DI decision. We find that variables suggested by the dividend-signaling models of John and Williams (1985) and Allen, Bernardo, and Welch (2000) are significant determinants of the DI decision and the associated announcement-period stock price effect. We also find support for the residual, agency, tax, clientele, transaction costs, catering, and life-cycle explanations of dividend policy.
Stress, anxiety, and depression among call handlers employed in international call centers in the national capital region of Delhi.

BACKGROUND Call handlers employed in call centers repeatedly undergo stress in their day-to-day lives and this can have deleterious effects on their health. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to study the levels of stress, anxiety, and depression, and their predictors among call handlers employed in international call centers in the National Capital Region (NCR) of Delhi. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 375 call handlers aged 18-39 years. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale- 42 (DASS-42) was used to measure stress, anxiety, and depression along with a pretested sociodemographic questionnaire. Univariate analysis was done to find out the association of stress, anxiety, and depression with various factors. Variables with P < 0.25 were included in multiple logistic regression and three models were developed each for stress, anxiety, and depression. RESULTS The prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression among call handlers was 46.7%, 57.1%, and 62.9% respectively. Abnormal sleep quality, prolonged travel time, and lack of relaxation facilities at the office were predictors of stress and depression. The presence of physical ailments, the absence of hobbies, temporary/part-time employment, and traveling long-distance to office were significant predictors of anxiety among call handlers. CONCLUSION Call handlers face a high burden of stress, anxiety, and depression. Public health specialists need to pay adequate attention to their health problems.
Who is Interested in Aboriginal Tourism in the Northern Territory, Australia? A Cluster Analysis

The paper reports findings derived from questioning 471 visitors to Katherine, Northern Territory. A questionnaire was constructed using Juster Scales and items based upon the items of the Beard and Ragheb Leisure Motivation Scale. Respondents were asked to rate existing and potential tourism products, among which were those based on Aboriginal culture. It was found that generally interest was higher in nature rather than culturally based tourism, but about a third of the total sample rated Aboriginal tourism products highly. However, it was also found that this sub-sample showed high rates of interest in natural and adventure based tourism and hence their interest is based upon ‘active information seeking’ that encompasses many needs. However, as the paper describes, Aboriginal entrepreneurs are already active in many different aspects of tourism. It is thus argued that while a demand for culturally based products exists, a wider market may be attracted by offering more mainstream products with Aboriginal culture representing, in marketing terms an added product value.
Outcomes of Hip Arthroscopy in Adolescents: A Comparison of Acute Versus Chronic Presentation. Two-Year Minimum Follow-up

Background:Hip arthroscopy has been shown to be effective in managing various hip pathologies, including labral tears in adolescent patients. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether outcomes of hip arthroscopy in patients under the age of 18 treated for labral tears differ depending on whether the presentation was acute or chronic. We also present the outcomes of the largest prospectively collected study on hip arthroscopy performed for labral tears in adolescents. Methods:Patient reported outcome scores (PROs) for 194 patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for hip pathology, who were 18 or under at the time of surgery were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed. Modified Harris hip score (mHHS), Nonarthritic hip score (NAHS), Hip Outcome score-sport specific scale (HOS-SSS) and Visual Analogue Score (VAS) were the PROs collected. The overall cohort was assessed for outcome and a comparison was made between those patients who presented with acute onset of symptoms versus those who presented with insidious onset. Results:There was significant improvement in all the PROs for the overall cohort, with improvement maintained over an average of 38.5 months. There was no significant difference in outcome scores, between the acute and chronic groups except for change in VAS. Preoperative scores in the acute group were significantly lower, while postoperative scores did not differ. A trend toward more improvement was noted for the acute group. Overall need for revision surgery was 12%, with a higher rate of revision in the acute group. Conclusions:Hip arthroscopy in adolescent patients being treated for intra-articular pathology is a safe procedure with favorable outcomes at minimum 2-year follow-up, with no significant difference in final outcomes between patients with acute onset of symptoms as opposed to those with more a more chronic presentation. Reoperation rate may be higher in patients with an acute onset. Level of Evidence:Level II.
The usefulness of earnings in explaining stock returns in an emerging market: the case of Cyprus

The paper presents evidence that earnings levels as well as changes in earnings are important in explaining stock returns in an emerging stock market. The study employs data on all listed firms in the Cyprus Stock Exchange over the ten-year period 1985-1994. Operating cash flows have no incremental information content beyond earnings. Earnings is more informative for larger firms consistent with the notion that accounting information by larger firms is perceived as being more reliable. Moreover, the earnings-returns relationship is not linear, being stronger for positive earnings levels and changes than for negative. Finally, the usefulness of earnings is statistically higher in the later half of the sample period. Overall, the results suggest that investors price earnings information in this emerging market.
The public sector audit expectations gap in Bangladesh

PurposeTo explore whether there is an audit expectations gap in the public sector between the Comptroller and Auditor General's (CAG) auditors in Bangladesh and the users of the CAG reports namely the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) of the Parliament that examines the CAG audit reports and the international funding agencies (IFAs) that provide external funding in the public sector in Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachThe perceptions of CAG auditors and users of their reports were explored using a questionnaire based on a theoretical framework of accountability and six related audit concepts.FindingsThere were statistically significant differences in perceptions between 17 CAG auditors and the 15 members of the PAC on 13 of the 25 variables and between these 17 CAG auditors and nine representatives of the IFAs on 14 of these variables.Research limitations/implicationsThe relatively small number of respondents to this questionnaire is a limitation of this research project.Practical implicationsBetter tr.
Income Distribution Statistics in Latin America and Their Reliability

This paper is addressed to the question of how far income distribution statistics currently available in Latin America can be relied upon, either to assess the degree of inequality in the national distribution of income or to undertake comparisons between countries or over time. It gives a summary account of research carried out on Latin American data. The sources available in Latin America for estimating income distributions are discussed. Concentrating the attention on household surveys conducted in various Latin American countries, an inventory of such surveys and their characteristics is offered, along with a detailed exposition of survey methods and income concepts used for estimating household income. Methods used for assessing the representativeness of samples are summarily reviewed. The case for comparing income data from household surveys and population censuses with national accounts estimates is put forward, along with the procedures and assumptions used for carrying out such comparisons. The relative discrepancy between the two sources is taken as indicative of the degree of underestimation of each type of income in each survey. An analysis of such discrepancies across the set of surveys considered gives clues on possible underestimation biases in measuring each type of income and total household income in different types of survey and in population censuses. Differential effects on comparability of survey results call for appropriate methods of adjusting income distribution estimates to account for the missing incomes. A method for carrying out such an adjustment is applied to income distributions from a selected number of Latin American surveys. The results obtained provide an indication of how much difference it makes to use unadjusted or adjusted data to assess income concentration or to carry out comparisons over time or space.
The Geography of Intrametropolitan KIBS Innovation: Distinguishing Agglomeration Economies from Innovation Dynamics

Much has been written about innovation, territory, knowledge spill-overs and agglomeration economies, but neighbourhood-level processes of innovation have rarely been studied in a systematic fashion. This article explores whether knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) are systematically more innovative when they are located in employment clusters. In doing so, it distinguishes between the simple co-location of innovative firms with other activities, and possible dynamic effects (identified by controlling for firm-level innovation factors): most identified geographical patterns are resilient to controls, but the geography of innovation is not straightforward. In Montreal, whilst certain types of innovation occur in employment clusters, others display no spatial patterns. Furthermore, the most intensive KIBS innovators tend to locate away from high-employment and from high-KIBS zones. KIBS innovation does not behave as expected if innovation dynamics were localised in a fashion similar to agglomeration economies: it is therefore important to distinguish between the two.
Cointegration, seasonality, encompassing, and the demand for money in the United Kingdom

Virtually all previous narrow money demand studies for the United Kingdom have used seasonally adjusted data for money, prices, and expenditure. This paper develops a constant, data-coherent M1 demand equation for the United Kingdom with seasonally unadjusted data. For that model, we address issues of cointegration, error correction, general­to-specific modeling, dynamic specification, model evaluation and testing, parameter constancy, and exogeneity. We also establish theoretical and empirical relationships between seasonally adjusted and unadjusted data, and so between models using those data. Finally, we derive and implement encompassing tests for comparing models using adjusted data with models using unadjusted data. Unlike the "standard" encompassing framework, variance dominance is not always a necessary condition for encompassing.
Development and the Peace Dividend Insecurity Paradox in Angola

At the end of a civil war, it is frequently assumed that there is a ‘pay-off’ that arises from the reallocation of military spending, the so-called ‘peace dividend’, allowing for increased economic growth and greater attention to social questions. However, this outcome is by no means guaranteed. The extent of the peace dividend depends on a series of multidimensional factors which the political economy of development can help us to understand. In this article, the concept ‘peace dividend insecurity paradox’ is suggested as a way of describing the situation when the peace dividend fails to materialise. To this end, we introduce the need for a broader analysis linking human security to development. The case of Angola is analysed, in which it is argued that the ‘vested interests’ established during more than 25 years of civil war prevented the consolidation of human security and development, and now may lead to the creation of the peace dividend insecurity paradox.Un des avantages qui découle de la fin d'une guerre civile est la réorientation des dépenses militaires, que l'on peut appeler le dividende de la paix, lequel favorise une plus grande croissance économique et permet de porter plus d'attention aux questions sociales. Toutefois, ce transfert est loin d'être automatique. Tout dépend d'un ensemble de facteurs multidimensionnels que l'économie politique du développement aide à comprendre. Dans cet article nous proposons le concept 'paradoxe de l'insécurité du dividende de la paix' afin de décrire une situation où ce 'dividende de la paix' fait défaut. En ce sens, nous soulignons la nécessité d'une analyse plus large qui met en rapport la sécurité humaine et le développement. Dans le cas de l'Angola, on soutient que les ‘intêrets personnels’ établis pendant plus de vingt cinq ans de guerre civile empêchent que la sécurité humaine et le développement puissent, dans l'avenir, bénéficier à la population et au pays. Tout porte à croire, au cont raire, qu'ils leur porteront préjudice, en générant le 'paradoxe de l'insécurité du dividende de la paix'.
Student engagement: buzzword of fuzzword?

Global interest in the value of student engagement in higher education has led researchers to question whether the use of the term is clear and consistent. This article investigates the construction of the term ‘student engagement’ at three US universities through an analysis of qualitative data. Whereas a shared understanding of the concept was found on one campus, the perception of the term on another campus veered in multiple directions. On the third campus, the term had not become popular and was replaced with alternative concepts. Aiming at contributing to the discussion on student engagement on an institutional level, this study revealed that different patterns of bottom-up and top-down mechanisms affected the spread of the concept on the three campuses.
Quantification of mu and non–mu opiate receptors in temporal lobe epilepsy using positron emission tomography

Alterations in a variety of neurotransmitter systems have been identified in experimental models of epilepsy and in brain tissue from patients with intractable temporal lobe seizures. The availability of new high‐affinity radioligands permits the study of some neuroreceptors in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET). We previously characterized the in vivo binding of 11C‐carfentanil, a potent and selective mu opiate receptor agonist, and described increases in 11C‐carfentanil binding in the temporal neocortex of patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy. These studies have been extended to 11C‐diprenorphine, which labels mu, kappa, and delta opiate receptor subtypes. Paired measurements of opiate receptor binding were performed with PET using 11C‐carfentanil and 11C‐diprenorphine in patients with unilateral temporal lobe seizures. Carfentanil binding, reflecting changes in mu opiate receptors, was increased in the temporal neocortex and decreased in the amygdala on the side of the epileptic focus. Diprenorphine binding, reflecting mu as well as non–mu opiate subtypes, was not significantly different among regions in the focus and nonfocus temporal lobes. Regional glucose metabolism, measured using 18F‐2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose, was decreased in the mesial and lateral aspects of the temporal lobe ipsilateral to the epileptogenic focus. The variation in pattern of carfentanil and diprenorphine binding supports a differential regulation of opiate subtypes in unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy.
Trajectory dancing modelling of humanoid robot dancing 33 degree of freedom

This paper described about humanoid robot dancing which designed like human and can dance like the real dancer with flexibility of human dancer. Part of link and frame of this humanoid robot dancing was built from 3D printing technique. Dance movement will be resemble the motion system possessed by humans which design of robot seize on mechanical approach, and will be controlled by a motion program to be included in the motion system. Humanoid currently developed to resemble human beings, including the shape of human skeleton and their functions. During this period, humanoid robot dancing rare develop a complex system of abdominal motion system. Therefore, withdrawn hypothesis presence of abdominal motion system can improve their existing motion systems. Some possible methods used in these systems, such as inverse kinematic, and forward kinematic. Trajectory dancing style rise from two kinds of kinematic. Inverse kinematic will controlled any motion of leg motion system. This system will hand over degree value in joint space as output. Position in Cartesian coordinate space as input. Timing control for every step from primitive style is needed. Therefore, actuator of ankle will not burden in execution of working because it will hand over some smoothness in every single last step in execution. Forward kinematic controlled abdominal motion system and give Cartesian coordinate space as output. From that method we were successfully built trajectory dancing modelling of humanoid robot dancing.
Cost analysis of osteoporotic hip fractures.

OBJECTIVE To assess the total costs of hip fracture treatment subsequently incurred in 1 year MATERIAL AND METHOD A cohort study was conducted from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2004. All new osteoporotic hip fracture patients were enrolled with informed consent. A total cost was estimated, and multivariate analysis was performed to determine factors related to costs. RESULTS A total of 37 patients were included. Average age was 75 +/- 11.8 years. Four of them (11%) died. Median total cost of hip fracture treatment in 1 year was 116,458.6 Baht (range 21,428.5-5,070,665.0). Median direct cost was 59,881.6 Baht (range 21,428.5-595,520.4). Direct cost per live-year saved was 118,168. 3 Baht. Preoperative status was the only factor related to direct cost. CONCLUSION Cost incurred from hip fracture in 1 year was high. The appropriate solution to prevent hip fracture might bring about good health in the Thai elderly and reduce its cost in the future.