Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Replication and Research Integrity in Criminology: Introduction to the Special Issue

Imagine growing up in a family where every statement you make is called into question by the other family members. Perhaps such families exist but they would likely be considered “dysfunctional. ” Consider a mother who loves all the children in the neighborhood equally, taking no special interest in her own child. We would consider this a remarkable deviation from normal parenting behavior. Mothers and fathers are expected to favor their own children. Unlike the family, science is a social institution where this kind of behavior is not only tolerated but encouraged. The sociologist Robert K. Merton is well known in criminology as the foundational theorists of the anomie/strain theoretical tradition, but he was probably even more influential in the field of science studies (Cole, 2004). Merton’s (1942) four norms of science (Table 1) are still considered as the canonical characterization of the scientific ethos, a value system meant to ensure the integrity of scientific research. How well are these norms followed in the everyday practice of social science in general and criminology in particular? Organized skepticism is the norm most relevant to replication research, the theme of this special issue.1 Many aspects of scientific research are purposefully organized in ways that make it difficult for a claim to be granted the status of a scientific fact. Norms regarding p values in quantitative research set a high bar for acceptable knowledge claims. If a home owner is 93% confident that her roof will survive another winter without leaks, she is likely to delay its replacement. However, in social science, this level of confidence does not meet the conventional standard (p < .05) for accepting a sample statistic as a true reflection of the population parameter. The anonymous peer review is another example of organized skepticism. Editors send manuscripts out for review to selected participants in the
PROMPT GeV EMISSION FROM RESIDUAL COLLISIONS IN GAMMA-RAY BURST OUTFLOWS: EVIDENCE FROM FERMI OBSERVATIONS OF GRB 080916c

The γ-rays from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are believed to be produced by internal shocks driven by small timescale, ∼1 ms, variation in the GRB outflows, and a pair-production spectral cutoff is generally expected around the GeV range. However, the observed optical flashes accompanying GRBs suggest that the delayed residual collisions due to large timescale variation continue to accelerate electrons. We show here that the inverse-Compton (IC) scattering of the prompt γ-rays by these residual internal shock electrons leads to a high-energy emission beyond the previously thought spectral cutoff, in agreement with the previous detections of GeV photons by EGRET in several GRBs in conjunction with MeV emission. We expect a spectral break due to the transition from the primary to residual internal shock emission at the previously thought spectral cutoff and expect systematic time delays of high-energy photons relative to MeV emission, the discovery of which would provide stringent constraint on the outflow properties, but requires large enough collection of high-energy photons by, e.g., Fermi and AGILE satellites. The recent Fermi-detected bright GRB 080916c unambiguously shows the shifting of the prompt emission toward later times as the photon energy increases. The second-scale shifting at >100 MeV is much longer than the MeV variability time, as predicted in the residual collision model. The observations imply that there should be emission above 70 GeV in the source frame, which may not be produced by primary internal shocks but by IC emission in residual collisions. With the method involving time delays of high-energy emission, the bulk Lorentz factor of GRB 080916c is determined to be Γ ∼ 300.
Evaluation of Phytase Producing Bacteria for Their Plant Growth Promoting Activities

Bacterial inoculants are known to possess plant growth promoting abilities and have potential as liquid biofertilizer application. Four phytase producing bacterial isolates (phytase activity in the range of 0.076–0.174 U/mL), identified as Advenella species (PB-05, PB-06, and PB-10) and Cellulosimicrobium sp. PB-09, were analyzed for their plant growth promoting activities like siderophore production, IAA production, HCN production, ammonia production, phosphate solubilization, and antifungal activity. All isolates were positive for the above characteristics except for HCN production. The solubilization index for phosphorus on Pikovskaya agar plates was in the range of 2–4. Significant amount of IAA (7.19 to 35.03 μg/mL) production and solubilized phosphate (189.53 to 746.84 μg/mL) was noticed by these isolates at different time intervals. Besides that, a greenhouse study was also conducted with Indian mustard to evaluate the potential of these isolates to promote plant growth. Effect of seed bacterization on various plant growth parameters and P uptake by plant were used as indicators. The plant growth promoting ability of bacterial isolates in pot experiments was correlated to IAA production, phosphate solubilization, and other in vitro tests. On the basis of present findings, isolate PB-06 was most promising in plant growth promotion with multiple growth promoting characteristics.
Impact of Organizational Justice on Turnover Intentions: Moderating Role of Job Embeddedness

It is evident from the past research that employees who perceive the organizational policies as not just, the employees tend to leave the organizations and start their professional career in other organizations where they feel comfortable and organization policies as fair and just. Literature accords the moderate relationship of job Embededdness on turnover intentions. This study analyzed the moderate relationship of job Embededdness on turnover intentions and organizational justice in banking sector of Pakistan. Sample of study consists of 313 banking employees from different cadre. Regression Analysis was used to analyze the data. Results clearly indicate that job embeddedness do not moderate the relationship of turnover intentions and organizational justice. There is further need to explore the role of job embeddedness in other professional organizations. Implications for management and future directions are discussed.
Nrf2 Signaling Contributes to the Neuroprotective Effects of Urate against 6-OHDA Toxicity

Background Mounting evidence shows that urate may become a biomarker of Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis and prognosis and a neuroprotectant candidate for PD therapy. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying its neuroprotective actions remain poorly understood. Results In this study, we showed that urate pretreatment protected dopaminergic cell line (SH-SY5Y and MES23.5) against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)- and hydrogen peroxide- induced cell damage. Urate was found to be accumulated into SH-SY5Y cells after 30 min treatment. Moreover, urate induced NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) accumulation by inhibiting its ubiquitinationa and degradation, and also promoted its nuclear translocation; however, it did not modulate Nrf2 mRNA level or Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) expression. In addition, urate markedly up-regulated the transcription and protein expression of γ-glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (γ-GCLC) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), both of which are controlled by Nrf2 activity. Furthermore, Nrf2 knockdown by siRNA abolished the intracellular glutathione augmentation and the protection exerted by urate pretreatment. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that urate treatment may result in Nrf2-targeted anti-oxidant genes transcription and expression by reducing Nrf2 ubiquitination and degradation and promoting its nuclear translocation, and thus offer neuroprotection on dopaminergic cells against oxidative stresses.
Localization Confidence Domains via Set Inversion on Short-Term Trajectory

The knowledge of localization uncertainties is of prime importance when the navigation of intelligent vehicles has to deal with safety issues. This paper presents a robust estimation method that is able to quantify the localization confidence based on interval analysis and constraint propagation. First, tightly coupled position domains are computed by constraint propagation on Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements and a precise 3-D map of the drivable area. Since GPS is prone to satellite masking and wrong measurements in urban areas, a second stage provides localization integrity and information availability by the use of a position and proprioceptive data history. A robust constraint propagation algorithm is employed to compute the current vehicle pose. It is able to handle erroneous positions with a chosen integrity risk. Experiments carried out in urban canyons illustrate the performance of the method in comparison with a particle filter. Despite bad satellite visibility, full positioning availability is obtained, and errors are less than 5.1 m during 95% of the trial. In opposition to the particle filter, confidence domains are consistent with ground truth, which confirms the high integrity of the method.
A Comparison of Two Java Component Extraction Approaches

Remodularization aims improving software modularity and making more explicit component and architectural information. In order to remodularize their applications, maintainers need tools enabling component and architecture recovery. There exist several approaches for the extraction of component information from Java source code. Only few of them provide automatic support taking into account modern component based concepts such as composite component. These approaches are either based on sets of metrics or they rely on a semantic method. In this paper we compare these two approaches considering SoMoX and JCE as representative instances of them. Our contribution shows that these tools are not based on the same component model and they are not devoted to the same remodularization activities. We identify several issues in order to improve the studied approaches and their tool support.
Role of frontal cortex in inferential reasoning: Evidence from the Word Context Test

Problem: Inferential reasoning in language involves the ability to deduce information based on context and prior experience. This ability has been generally studied as a right-hemisphere function. Recent research, however, has suggested that inferencing involves anterior regions of both the left and right hemispheres. Methods: We further explored this idea by testing a group of non-aphasic, focal frontal patients (right and left hemisphere) on a new test of inferencing, the Word Context Test. The Word Context Test requires examinees to identify the meaning of a made-up word (e.g., prifa) based on its use in a series of sentences. Findings: Patients with frontal lobe lesions were significantly impaired on this task relative to a group of age- and education-matched controls. Contrary to earlier research focusing on a special role for the right hemisphere in inferencing, there was considerable overlap in performance of right- and left-frontal patients, with right-frontal patients performing better. Conclusions: These findings suggest that inferencing is disrupted following focal frontal injury and have implications for discourse comprehension in non-aphasic patients. (JINS, 2005, 11, 426–433.)
Functional Dissociation of the Frontoinsular and Anterior Cingulate Cortices in Empathy for Pain

The frontoinsular cortex (FI) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are thought to be involved in empathy for others' pain. However, the functional roles of FI and ACC in empathetic responses have not yet been clearly dissociated in previous studies. In this study, participants viewed color photographs depicting human body parts in painful or nonpainful situations and performed either pain judgment (painful/nonpainful) or laterality judgment (left/right) of the body parts. We found that activation of FI, rather than ACC, showed significant increase for painful compared with nonpainful images, regardless of the task requirement. Our data suggest a clear functional dissociation between FI and ACC in which FI is more domain-specific than ACC when processing empathy for pain.
LS galleries, the path model, and MV cycles

We give an interpretation of the path model of a representation [18] of a complex semisimple algebraic group G in terms of the geometry of its affine Grassmannian. In this setting, the paths are replaced by LS–galleries in the affine Coxeter complex associated to the Weyl group of G. To explain the connection with geometry, consider a Demazure–Hansen–Bott–Samelson desingularization ˆ Σ(λ) of the closure of an orbit G(C[[t]]). λ in the affine Grassmannian. The homology of ˆ Σ(λ) has a basis given by Bia lynicki–Birula cell’s, which are indexed by the T –fixed points in ˆ Σ(λ). Now the points of ˆ Σ(λ) can be identified with galleries of a fixed type in the affine Tits building associated to G, and the T –fixed points correspond in this language to combinatorial galleries of a fixed type in the affine Coxeter complex. We determine those galleries such that the associated cell has a non-empty intersection with G(C[[t]]). λ (identified with an open subset of ˆ Σ(λ)), and we show that the closures of the strata associated to LS-galleries are exactly the MV–cycles [24], which form a basis of the representation V (λ) for the Langland’s dual group G ∨ .
An Empirical Study of Software Quality and Evolution in the Context of Software Reuse TDT 4735 Software Engineering , Depth Study 20 th December 2005

Software reuse has become increasingly popular among development projects in the software industry. It promises decreased time-to-marked, reduced development costs and increased software quality. Another subject that has received more attention over the last decades, is software evolution. Software evolution is a consequence of the inevitably maintenance of software performed to ensure high levels of software quality. Unfortunately, software evolution does not always affect software quality in a purely positive way. There is a need for more empirical studies on the software quality and evolution in the context of reuse. This report describes the results of a contribution to this subject. We have defined 3 groups of hypotheses regarding the evolution of defect-density and stability in reusable components over several releases. Our results indicate that defect-density in the studied components decrease as time passes and new versions are released. The results also indicated that there is a relationship between the stability, defined as change-density, and defect-density. Our tests showed that the two variables are linearly dependent. The linearly dependency between change-density and defect-density imply that components with high change-density also have high defect-density. Industrial software development projects in general, and the team at Statoil ASA that developed the studied components especially, ought to consider our results. Furthermore, our results can be used to make a prediction model for new releases of the studied components. We have also evaluated the defect reporting schemes and change request schemes used by the development team, and made recommendations for improvements. The design of these schemes can have great impact on the team’s software process and product.
The management quest for authentic relationships in voluntary social care

ABSTRACT Little research has been devoted to exploring the perspective of volunteer managers and the values guiding them in their effort to manage voluntary social care. The purpose of this article is to begin to provide insight into the content of these values and their impact on the day-to-day practices of managers. The article will proceed through three stages. The first provides a short review of the literature regarding the nature of research in the field of volunteer management. This is followed by a presentation of results from an exploratory study of how managers’ call for authentic relationships has specific consequences for how voluntary social care becomes an object of their management. These questions will be investigated among managers in four different organizational settings in Denmark, which organize voluntary social care in relation to children, the elderly, young people with mental health problems and hospital patients respectively. The article concludes by discussing the kinds of challenges and dilemmas that these values and expectations bring about.
The use of hypochlorous acid as a model for investigating bladder overactivity.

UNLABELLED Involuntary detrusor contractions play an important role in the development of urge incontinence. Also in an in-vitro situation contractions which develop spontaneously can be seen; a parallel with the in vivo observations is likely. In order to study this muscle overactivity we investigated the possibility to induce this phenomenon with oxidative stress using hypochlorous acid (HOCl). MATERIALS AND METHODS Urinary bladder muscle strips from pigs were mounted in a custom made organ bath and incubated for 20 minutes in Krebs solution. Next HOCl (10 µM) was added to the organ bath and the onset of overactive contractions was closely followed. Overactivity was defined as a development of more than 5 phasic detrusor contractions per minute without any other provocation in the 30 minutes following addition of HOCl to the organ bath. RESULTS Of the 50 strips which were used 36 (72%) became overactive after exposure to HOCl during 30 minutes recording. In 76% of the overactive strips overactivity occurred within 5 minutes, in 19% between 5 and 15 minutes, and in 5% it took longer than 15 minutes. The overactivity could be stopped by washing out HOCl for 10 minutes after which still a significant contraction after EFS and ACh stimulation was seen. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that an oxidative stressor, like HOCl, is capable of inducing smooth muscle overactivity. This model can be used for the development and testing of new treatment modalities for the overactive detrusor. Furthermore, this study provides evidence for a causal relationship between oxidative stress and detrusor overactivity.
AlloDerm implants for prevention of Frey syndrome after parotidectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Although Frey syndrome is not life-threatening, it is identified as the most serious and widely recognized sequela of parotidectomy and has significant potential negative social and psychological implications. Several studies have investigated whether AlloDerm® implants prevent Frey syndrome effectively and safely, however, the conclusions are inconsistent. We aimed to evaluate the precise effectiveness of AlloDerm implants for preventing Frey syndrome after parotidectomy, using a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched randomized and quis-randomized controlled trials in which AlloDerm implants were compared to blank controls for preventing Frey syndrome after parotidectomy, from the PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and the ISI Web of Knowledge databases, without any language restriction. Two reviewers independently searched, identified, extracted data and assessed methodological quality. Relative risks with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and pooled. Five articles involving 409 patients met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses showed a significant 85% relative risk reduction in objective incidence (RR=0.15, 95% CI 0.08–0.30; P<0.00001) and 68% in subjective incidence (RR=0.32, 95% CI 0.19–0.57; P<0.00001) of Frey syndrome with AlloDerm implants; there was a significant 91% relative risk reduction in salivary fistula (RR=0.09, 95% CI 0.01–0.66; P=0.02); there was no statistical significance for the incidence of facial nerve paralysis (RR=0.96, 95% CI 0.84–1.09; P=0.51); there was no statistical significance for the incidence of seroma/sialocele (RR=1.36, 95% CI 0.66–2.80; P=0.40); there was a trend for a small effect in improving facial contour. Adverse events related to AlloDerm implants were not found. There is evidence that AlloDerm reduces the incidence of Frey syndrome effectively and safely, and also has the potential to improve facial contour and decrease salivary fistula. However, it is unclear whether AlloDerm implants improve facial contour and decrease other complications. Thus, further controlled evaluative studies incorporating more precise measures are required.
Dictionary Design for Distributed Compressive Sensing

Conventional dictionary learning frameworks attempt to find a set of atoms that promote both signal representation and signal sparsity fora class of signals. In distributed compressive sensing (DCS), in addition to intra-signal correlation, inter-signal correlation is also exploited in the joint signal reconstruction, which goes beyond the aim of the conventional dictionary learning framework. In this letter, we propose a new dictionary learning framework in order to improve signal reconstruction performance in DCS applications. By capitalizing on the sparse common component and innovations (SCCI) model , which captures both intra- and inter-signal correlation, the proposed method iteratively finds a dictionary design that promotes various goals: i) signal representation; ii) intra-signal correlation; and iii) inter-signal correlation. Simulation results showthat our dictionary design leads to an improved DCS reconstruction performance in comparison to other designs.
A Truthful Dynamic Workflow Scheduling Mechanism for Commercial Multicloud Environments

The ultimate goal of cloud providers by providing resources is increasing their revenues. This goal leads to a selfish behavior that negatively affects the users of a commercial multicloud environment. In this paper, we introduce a pricing model and a truthful mechanism for scheduling single tasks considering two objectives: monetary cost and completion time. With respect to the social cost of the mechanism, i.e., minimizing the completion time and monetary cost, we extend the mechanism for dynamic scheduling of scientific workflows. We theoretically analyze the truthfulness and the efficiency of the mechanism and present extensive experimental results showing significant impact of the selfish behavior of the cloud providers on the efficiency of the whole system. The experiments conducted using real-world and synthetic workflow applications demonstrate that our solutions dominate in most cases the Pareto-optimal solutions estimated by two classical multiobjective evolutionary algorithms.
Hybrid BIST Methodology for Testing core-based Systems

This paper describes a hybrid BIST methodology for testing systems-on-chip. In our hybrid BIST approach a test set is assembled, for each core, from pseudorandom test patterns that are generated on-line, and deterministic test patterns that are generated off-line and stored in the system. The deterministic test set is specially designed to shorten the pseudorandom test cycle and to target random resistant faults. To support such a test strategy, we have developed several hybrid BIST architectures that target different test scenarios. As the test lengths of the two test sequences is one of the important parameters in the final test cost, we have to find the most efficient combination of those two test sets without sacrificing the test quality. We describe methods for finding the optimal combination of pseudorandom and deterministic test sets of the whole system, consisting of multiple cores, under given memory constraints, so that the total test time is minimized. Our approach employs a fast estimation methodology in order to avoid exhaustive search and to speed up the calculation process. Experimental results have shown the efficiency of the algorithms to find a near-optimal solutions.