Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Precursors of attachment security

Book synopsis: From foremost authorities, this comprehensive work is more than just the standard reference on attachment-it has "become indispensable" in the field. Coverage includes the origins and development of attachment theory; biological and evolutionary perspectives; and the role of attachment processes in personality, relationships, and mental health across the lifespan. The second edition has been substantially revised and expanded to incorporate significant recent advances in theory, research, and clinical applications.
Dark Matter in Galaxies

Central DM density cuspiness in LSB's: a stellar kinematics approach. Abstract. We present preliminary results from spectroscopic observations of a sample of 11 low surface brightness galaxies (LSB). We measured the stellar and gaseous kinematics along their major and minor axes. Such information will allow us to accurately investigate the dark matter (DM) content within their optical regions, providing further constraints on the predictions of standard CDM models. Although dynamical modeling is still in progress, our observations already show that the derived stellar kinematics is more regular than the ionized gas one, which often shows evidence for non-circular and asymmetric motions. We obtained long-slit spectroscopic data with the VLT FORS2 spectrograph (σ instrument = 45 km/s) in the H β , [OIII]5007Å, MgII and Fe region for 11 LSBs with the aim of constructing dynamical mass models based on both the stellar and ionized gas kinematics to constrain their DM density radial profiles, in particular in their nuclear regions. This part of the work is still in progress. However, we should already stress the following two important observational results: 1) The ionized gas is subject to non-circular motion in the majority of our sample galaxies. 2) The stellar kinematics is generally very regular. The high degree of symmetry of the stellar velocity and velocity dispersion curves and the small scatter between the points allows to derive the stellar kinematical profiles with small error-bars and without applying any smoothing to the data. This is not always true for the gas kinematics. Such precise kinematical measurement are therefore very encouraging for the forthcoming dynamical mass models. In Fig.1a we plot the velocity and velocity dispersion radial profiles of ESO 189-07: Left and right panels represent the stellar and ionized gas kinemat-ics respectively. The lower and upper panels represent the major and minor axis respectively. The curves have been folded around the kinematical center and the two symbols refer to the two side of the galaxy (with the exception of the gaseous 1
The Aesthetics of Leadership: Beau Geste as Critical Behaviour

This paper focuses on the role of beau geste in organizations, showing that it is endowed with a specifically critical dimension as it challenges both the established order and customary practices. We also scrutinize its unique role that consists in critically resisting economic norms. Analysing the beau geste actually offers an opportunity to broaden the scope of our vision of leadership by relying on aesthetics rather than conventionally viewing the leader as an artist. In the first part, we thus concentrate on the way leadership scholars have so far dealt with aesthetics. In the second part, through a series of examples and by adopting a historical perspective, we describe the defining features of the beau geste in organizations: gratuity effect, impact on the common good, size effect and surprise effect. We then analyse how beau geste indeed constitutes a form of provocation against an ‘organized’ world in which economic rationality seems to prevail. In the conclusion, we outline future prospects for research.
Abnormal ventral temporal cortical activity during face discrimination among individuals with autism and Asperger syndrome.

BACKGROUND Recognition of individual faces is an integral part of both interpersonal interactions and successful functioning within a social group. Therefore, it is of considerable interest that individuals with autism and related conditions have selective deficits in face recognition (sparing nonface object recognition). METHOD We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study face and subordinate-level object perception in 14 high-functioning individuals with autism or Asperger syndrome (the autism group), in comparison with 2 groups of matched normal controls (normal control group ] [NC1] and normal control group 2 [NC2]) (n = 14 for each). Regions of interest (ROIs) were defined in NC1 and then applied in comparisons between NC2 and the autism group. Regions of interest were also defined in NC2 and then applied to comparisons between NC1 and the autism group as a replication study. RESULTS In the first set of comparisons, we found significant task x group interactions for the size of activation in the right fusiform gyrus (FG) and right inferior temporal gyri (ITG). Post hoc analyses showed that during face (but not object) discrimination, the autism group had significantly greater activation than controls in the right ITG and less activation of the right FG. The replication study showed again that the autism group used the ITG significantly more for processing faces than the control groups, but for these analyses, the effect was now on the left side. Greater ITG activation was the pattern found in both control groups during object processing. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with autism spectrum disorders demonstrate a pattern of brain activity during face discrimination that is consistent with feature-based strategies that are more typical of nonface object perception.
Psychiatrists’ Attitudes Toward Individuals With Substance Use Disorders and Serious Mental Illness

Objective: The attitudes of psychiatrists toward individuals with highly stigmatized conditions such as substance use disorders and serious mental illness may influence treatment effectiveness. These attitudes may be influenced by factors including previous specialty training and current practice patterns. This study examined the attitudes of addiction and community psychiatrists toward individuals with diagnosed schizophrenia, polysubstance dependence, comorbid schizophrenia and polysubstance dependence, and depression. Methods: A web-based survey link was sent to the electronic mailing lists of addiction and community psychiatry associations. Results: A total of 84 respondents identified themselves as either addiction (n = 54) or community (n = 30) psychiatrists. The majority were male (70% of addiction and 57% of community psychiatrists) with an average age of 56.0 (SD = 11.86) and 52.7 (SD = 11.8), respectively. Addiction psychiatrists had less stigmatizing attitudes than community psychiatrists for individuals with polysubstance dependence (p < .0001), while community psychiatrists had less stigmatizing attitudes than addiction psychiatrists for those with schizophrenia (p < .0001). Attitudes toward individuals with dual diagnosis did not vary significantly by psychiatrist group, but both addiction and community psychiatrists had more stigmatizing attitudes for individuals with dual diagnosis (p < .0001). Conclusions: These findings suggest that even psychiatrists working with highly stigmatized groups of individuals may continue to hold stigmatizing attitudes toward people with other diseases. Future work is needed to further assess stigmatizing attitudes among psychiatrists and the impact of these attitudes on quality of care, as well as interventions such as specialized education and training to reduce such stigma among psychiatrists.
We can have the cake and eat it too: leisure and spirituality at ‘veiled’ hotels in Turkey

This paper uses ethnographic methods to inquire how new forms of consumption arise as a result of bridging Islamic spirituality with leisure in the newly growing tesettür hotels in Turkey, which have become a magnet of popular and academic attention. We aim to offer a multi-layered analysis of the leisure and consumption practices of Muslim women in the context of the new Islamic hospitality industry by looking at the interactions between spiritual Islam and modern capitalism. We focus on the consumption process of the female customers of these hotels as part of defining and redefining their newly developing identity that is Islamic and spiritual; as well as modern and luxurious. The study responds to the call of Gökarıksel and Secor to analyse new Islamic patterns of consumption and leisure by building on their perspectives bridging neoliberal capitalism and resurgence of Islamic identities. We call for a critical and contextual perspective to understand the dynamic emergence of new forms of Islamic lifestyles and capitalism; emphasising a future agenda of further research that is sensitive to the complexities of desires and leisure activities of veiled Muslim women in diverse countries.
Molecular Evidence for Functional Divergence and Decay of a Transcription Factor Derived from Whole-Genome Duplication in Arabidopsis thaliana1[OPEN]

Functional decay of a transcription factor retained after whole-genome duplication suggests that duplicate gene loss is a prolonged process occurring over tens of millions of years. Functional divergence between duplicate transcription factors (TFs) has been linked to critical events in the evolution of land plants and can result from changes in patterns of expression, binding site divergence, and/or interactions with other proteins. Although plant TFs tend to be retained post polyploidization, many are lost within tens to hundreds of million years. Thus, it can be hypothesized that some TFs in plant genomes are in the process of becoming pseudogenes. Here, we use a pair of salt tolerance-conferring transcription factors, DWARF AND DELAYED FLOWERING1 (DDF1) and DDF2, that duplicated through paleopolyploidy 50 to 65 million years ago, as examples to illustrate potential mechanisms leading to duplicate retention and loss. We found that the expression patterns of Arabidopsis thaliana (At)DDF1 and AtDDF2 have diverged in a highly asymmetric manner, and AtDDF2 has lost most inferred ancestral stress responses. Consistent with promoter disablement, the AtDDF2 promoter has fewer predicted cis-elements and a methylated repetitive element. Through comparisons of AtDDF1, AtDDF2, and their Arabidopsis lyrata orthologs, we identified significant differences in binding affinities and binding site preference. In particular, an AtDDF2-specific substitution within the DNA-binding domain significantly reduces binding affinity. Cross-species analyses indicate that both AtDDF1 and AtDDF2 are under selective constraint, but among A. thaliana accessions, AtDDF2 has a higher level of nonsynonymous nucleotide diversity compared with AtDDF1. This may be the result of selection in different environments or may point toward the possibility of ongoing functional decay despite retention for millions of years after gene duplication.
The Changing Profile of Entrants to Mathematics at A Level and to Mathematical Subjects in Higher Education

Abstract Over the past decade most, if not all, university departments of mathematics, science and engineering have talked about a decline in the mathematical capabilities of their entry cohorts. Anecdotal evidence from the universities and the press has blamed this drop on a lowering of standards at A level. However, it may be due to the lowering of admission requirements to allow for the expansion in university places. This article attempts to quantify the present situation by looking at the characteristics of the student population at both the interface between the General Certificate of Secondary Education and A level, and A level and higher education over time. As well as analysing official published data and hitherto unpublished data from the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service, it builds on some initial work carried out at the Mechanics in Action Project at the Universities of Manchester and Leeds over the past 6 years as part of the evaluation of the effects of the Project's mathematics c.
Essays On Assortative Mating: Body Weight, Relationships, And Health

The study provides estimates of body weight concordance among dating, cohabiting, and married young adult couples and provides an empirical test of the winnowing hypothesis with respect to couples’ body weight measured using body mass index (BMI). Using romantic pair data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health 2001-2002 which contains information on roughly 500 dating, 500 cohabiting, and 500 married couples, the study applied log-linear models (i.e., quasi-independence and symmetry parameters) to cross-classified data about partners’ BMI status by union type. Partners’ BMI status was cross-classified as underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and obese. Union type was classified as dating, cohabiting, and married. Log-linear models detect patterns of association while controlling for male-female partner differences in the marginal distributions of BMI status by union type. Results indicated BMI concordance accounts for much of the association in the data. BMI concordance varied by the BMI status of the couple but not by union type. Asymmetry in the data reflected a female-thinner norm. Consistent with a stigma effect, concordance for obesity was stronger than concordance for overweight or healthy weight across all union types. Dating couples were most likely to exhibit BMI concordance whereas married couples were least likely to exhibit BMI concordance. Results are consistent with a reverse winnowing process whereby relationships tend to be less selective in terms of similarity for physical appearance as relationships progressed in marriage.
Low Density Lipoprotein-Receptor Related Protein 1 Is Differentially Expressed by Neuronal and Glial Populations in the Developing and Mature Mouse Central Nervous System

The low density lipoprotein-receptor related protein 1 (LRP1) is a large endocytic cell surface receptor that is known to interact with a variety of ligands, intracellular adaptor proteins and other cell surface receptors to regulate cellular behaviours ranging from proliferation to cell fate specification, migration, axon guidance, and lipid metabolism. A number of studies have demonstrated that LRP1 is expressed in the brain, yet it is unclear which central nervous system cell types express LRP1 during development and in adulthood. Herein we undertake a detailed study of LRP1 expression within the mouse brain and spinal cord, examining a number of developmental stages ranging from embryonic day 13.5 to postnatal day 60. We report that LRP1 expression in the brain peaks during postnatal development. On a cellular level, LRP1 is expressed by radial glia, neuroblasts, microglia, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), astrocytes and neurons, with the exception of parvalbumin+ interneurons in the cortex. Most cell populations exhibit stable expression of LRP1 throughout development; however, the proportion of OPCs that express LRP1 increases significantly from ~69% at E15.5 to ~99% in adulthood. We also report that LRP1 expression is rapidly lost as OPCs differentiate, and is absent from all oligodendrocytes, including newborn oligodendrocytes. While LRP1 function has been primarily examined in mature neurons, these expression data suggest it plays a more critical role in glial cell regulation–where expression levels are much higher.
Socialization in Virtual Groups

Virtual groups, that communicate and coordinate their activities using information technology, continue to become prevalent as an organizational form (Ahuja & Carley, 199 9). Research in this area, however, is still in its infancy. Specifically, extant research provides little insight into how new members are socialized into virtual groups using electronic communication. This paper examines the influence of member tenure on individual communication patterns in virtual groups. A content analysis of e-mail communication among members of the group during a 3-month period showed that in virtual groups, newcomers primarily exhibit an information seeking mode in their communication and established members exhibit an information providing mode. Interestingly, and contrary to expectations, newcomers did actively engage in discussions regarding cognitive information, perhaps helped by the comfort provided by a lean and faceless electronic communication medium. However, the limited anonymity provided by the electronic media did not translate into newcomers seeking normative and regulative information in explicit ways, implying a need for organizational mechanisms aimed at virtual member socialization.
Differentiation of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induces Immunogenicity and Limits Their Long-Term Benefits for Myocardial Repair

Background— Cardiac cell therapy for older patients who experience a myocardial infarction may require highly regenerative cells from young, healthy (allogeneic) donors. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently under clinical investigation because they can induce cardiac repair and may also be immunoprivileged (suitable for allogeneic applications). However, it is unclear whether allogeneic MSCs retain their immunoprivilege or functional efficacy late after myocardial implantation. We evaluated the effects of MSC differentiation on the immune characteristics of cells in vitro and in vivo and monitored cardiac function for 6 months after post–myocardial infarction MSC therapy. Methods and Results— In the in vitro experiments, inducing MSCs to acquire myogenic, endothelial, or smooth muscle characteristics (via 5-azacytidine or cytokine treatment) increased major histocompatibility complex-Ia and -II (immunogenic) expression and reduced major histocompatibility complex-Ib (immunosuppressive) expression, in association with increased cytotoxicity in coculture with allogeneic leukocytes. In the in vivo experiments, we implanted allogeneic or syngeneic MSCs into infarcted rat myocardia. We measured cell differentiation and survival (immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction) and cardiac function (echocardiography, pressure-volume catheter) for 6 months. MSCs (versus media) significantly improved ventricular function for at least 3 months after implantation. Allogeneic (but not syngeneic) cells were eliminated from the heart by 5 weeks after implantation, and their functional benefits were lost within 5 months. Conclusions— The long-term ability of allogeneic MSCs to preserve function in the infarcted heart is limited by a biphasic immune response whereby they transition from an immunoprivileged to an immunogenic state after differentiation, which is associated with an alteration in major histocompatibility complex–immune antigen profile.
Panjabi/English language alternation in the early school years

This paper describes the language alternation patterns of two groups of Panjabi/English speaking bilingual children, aged respectiveiy 3;003;06 and 4;00;̂06. A substantial corpus of data collected in four situational contexts in a schoolroom setting is examined by means of quantitative and qualitative procedures, and utterance-internal and sequential types of analysis. The suitability of a number of different models for uns type of child-language data is discussed and evaluated, and an analytic framework is proposed. Three different patterns of language alternation are distinguished äs recurrent in the data, labelled respectiveiy äs code-mixing, code-changing, and code-switching. Inferences are drawn from observed regularities, with particular attention to the level of sociolinguistic sensitivity revealed by these young children. Their ability to accommodate to both addressees and third party participants is noted, and the question of their meta-linguistic awareness discussed.
Structure of liquid alloys of the Au-Si and Au-Ge systems

A study of the liquid alloys of the simple eutectic systems Au-Si and Au-Ge at selected compositions has demonstrated a pattern of behaviour very similar to that seen in the related gold-based system Au-Sn. The sharp X-ray diffraction profile of Au-Ge liquid alloys at the gold-rich end demonstrates that the structure, like that of pure Au, is simple, close-packed but with a mean closet distance for neighbouring atoms smaller than that for liquid Au or Ge. This result is also obtained for liquid Au-Si alloys. The packing in the liquid phase can only be interpreted in terms of A-B bonding, i.e. unlike atom interaction, a feature attributed to a high electrochemical factor. With higher Ge content, the X-ray diffraction profile broadens in a manner consistent with a more open liquid structure. The author accounts for the latter in terms of the increasing influence of Ge-Ge nearest neighbour packing.
The impact of tree and stand characteristics on spruce beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) induced mortality of white spruce in the Copper River Basin, Alaska

I examined the relationships between individual and stand-level characteristics of white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, and the incidence of spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby, induced mortality. The study region, in the Kennicott Valley of the Copper River Basin, Alaska, has contained an active spruce beetle epidemic since 1989. I investigated the relationship among the individual traits of host age, size (diameter at breast height, DBH), and growth rate (basal area increment, BAI) and mortality from the spruce beetle. I also examined the effects of stand density, mean DBH, and mean BAI on percent mortality within plots. Survival was higher for younger, smaller, and faster-growing trees. However, the effect of age is not significant when included in a logistic regression model examining the effect of individual host traits on host survival. Mortality increased with increasing DBH and decreasing BAI, and there was a significant interaction between DBH and BAI. While the proportion of indivi.
A Functional Theory of Cognition

Contents: Foreword. Preface. Cognitive Theory of Everyday Life. Cognitive Algebra. Psychological Measurement Theory. Person Cognition. Unified Social Cognition. Social Development. Moral Algebra. Cognitive Development. Integration Psychophysics. Cognitive Theory of Judgement-Decision. Functional Memory. Algebraic Language Processing. Unified Theory.
A Bayesian Approach to Combine Landsat and ALOS PALSAR Time Series for Near Real-Time Deforestation Detection

To address the need for timely information on newly deforested areas at medium resolution scale, we introduce a Bayesian approach to combine SAR and optical time series for near real-time deforestation detection. Once a new image of either of the input time series is available, the conditional probability of deforestation is computed using Bayesian updating, and deforestation events are indicated. Future observations are used to update the conditional probability of deforestation and, thus, to confirm or reject an indicated deforestation event. A proof of concept was demonstrated using Landsat NDVI and ALOS PALSAR time series acquired at an evergreen forest plantation in Fiji. We emulated a near real-time scenario and assessed the deforestation detection accuracies using three-monthly reference data covering the entire study site. Spatial and temporal accuracies for the fused Landsat-PALSAR case (overall accuracy = 87.4%; mean time lag of detected deforestation = 1.3 months) were consistently higher than those of the Landsat- and PALSAR-only cases. The improvement maintained even for increasing missing data in the Landsat time series.