Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental Evaluation of WiFi Active Power/Energy Consumption Models for Smartphones

We conduct an extensive experimental evaluation of a class of WiFi active power/energy consumption models for smartphones that are based on parameters readily available to the upper layers of the protocol stack. We first consider a number of parameters used by previous models and show their limitations. We then focus on a recent approach modeling the active power consumption as a function of the application layer throughput. We study the properties of a previously proposed throughput-based model in relation to other parameters such as the packet size and/or the transport layer protocol, and we evaluate its accuracy under a variety of scenarios that have not been considered in previous studies. Our results show that the model works well in a number of scenarios, with both 802.11nand 802.11ac-equipped smartphones, and its accuracy can be largely improved with the knowledge of transport layer protocol and packet size. However, such knowledge makes the model more complex and results in largely reduced accuracy in high throughput settings or on hardware different from the one that was used for training. We further discuss a few practical issues related to the measurement and modeling methodology.
Investigating Parenting Stress Across Pediatric Health Conditions - A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT The stress parenting responsibilities place on parents increases in situations involving pediatric illness, and therefore can potentially interfere with the normal family life. The present review examines sources of parenting stress across a wide spectrum of illnesses, using three illness groups as exemplars: Congenital heart disease, pediatric cancer, and Autism Spectrum Disorder. A systematic review of the literature using PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases yielded 66 observational studies investigating sources of parenting stress in parents of young children with congenital heart defects, cancer, and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Quality assessment, using the STROBE and COREQ quality indexes, was further conducted for the included studies. Stressors were categorized, and then analyzed in light of the diagnostic characteristics of the populations in focus. Findings indicate that parents across all illness groups experience increased levels of parenting stress. Several categories were identified in accordance to the parenting stress model as follows: illness-related factors, parental factors, child characteristics, familial factors, and social factors. Further analysis has revealed distinct parental concerns within the groups deriving from the diagnostics, care demands, or social responses specific to each group. Theoretical and practical implications for Family-Systems Nursing Practice were further discussed. Future research and assessment of parenting stress should account for the illness course and address family needs within the specific context of the illness.
School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised: Factorial Invariance and Latent Means Differences across Gender and Age in Spanish Children

The aim of this study was to analyze the factorial invariance and latent means differences of the Spanish version of the School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised for Children (SRAS-R-C) in a sample of 1,078 students (50.8% boys) aged 8–11 years (M = 9.63, SD = 1.12). The results revealed that the proposed model in this study, with a structure of 18 items divided into four factors (Negative Affective, Social Aversion and/or Evaluation, To Pursue Attention and Tangible Reinforcements), was the best-fit model with a tetra-factorial structure, remaining invariant across gender and age. Analysis of latent means differences indicated that boys and 11-year-old students scored highest on the Tangible Reinforcements subscale compared with their 8- and 9-year-old peers. On the contrary, for the subscales of Social Aversion and/or Evaluation and to Pursue Attention, the differences were significant and higher in younger age groups compared to 11-year-olds. Appropriate indexes of reliability were obtained for SRAS-R-C subscales (0.70, 0.79, 0.87, and 0.72). Finally, the founded correlation coefficients of scores of the SRAS-R-C revealed a predictable pattern between school refusal and positive/negative affect and optimism/pessimism.
Group aquatic training improves gait efficiency in adolescents with cerebral palsy

Purpose. To evaluate the effect and feasibility of a 10-week group aquatic training programme on gait efficiency in adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). The secondary purpose was to determine the exercise intensity during aquatic training in a heterogeneous group of adolescents with CP and to investigate the impact of the training programme on the musculoskeletal system. Method. Twelve ambulatory adolescents with spastic CP were recruited. They participated in 20 aquatic training sessions (45 min twice a week). Three physical therapists and a sports teacher supervised the training sessions. Participants wore a heart rate monitor to assess sessions' intensity and a floatation device as appropriate. The primary outcome measure was gait efficiency as measured by the gait energy expenditure index (EEI). The secondary measures were (1) gait spatiotemporal parameters, (2) maximal isometric knee strength and (3) gross motor function. Results. Ten adolescents completed the training programme. No adverse effect was reported. Average exercise intensity was mild to moderate for more than half of the training session. A significant reduction of the EEI and the heart rate during walking was observed following the training programme. No significant change was observed on secondary outcome measures. Conclusions. Group aquatic training increases gait efficiency in adolescents with CP. This improvement is related to systemic cardiorespiratory adaptations. Group aquatic training programme is feasible in adolescents presenting CP at different levels of severity.
Access network delay in networked games

The end-to-end delay (also referred to as latency) experienced by gaming users has a significant impact on the quality of online games. In this paper we concentrate on the delay introduced in access networks. This access network delay depends on the access technology used, the network load, the link rate configured on the access links (also referred to as the last mile link) and the size of the packets generated by the games. We characterize this access network delay by means of measurements. First, we focus on this delay in actually deployed access networks: dial-up, cable and Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) access. In these access networks the access network delay shoots up as soon as the gaming user (or somebody else on the user's home network) saturates the user's last mile link with traffic generated by applications (e.g. web browser) other than the games. Therefore, we also characterize the access network delay in a laboratory set-up of a QoS-enabled ADSL network. In this set-up we show that it is possible to (logically) segregate the game traffic from the other traffic to such an extent that the game packets are not excessively delayed while at the same time a large part of the link capacity can be consumed by the other traffic.
Relations Between High and Low Power Groups: The Importance of Legitimacy

Using a social identity perspective, two experiments examined the effects of power and the legitimacy of power differentials on intergroup bias. In Experiment 1, 125 math-science students were led to believe that they had high or low representation in a university decision-making body relative to social-science students and that this power position was either legitimate or illegitimate. Power did not have an independent effect on bias; rather, members of both high and low power groups showed more bias when the power hierarchy was illegitimate than when it was legitimate. This effect was replicated in Experiment 2 (N = 105). In addition, Experiment 2 showed that groups located within an unfair power hierarchy expected the superordinate power body to be more discriminatory than did those who had legitimately high or low power. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for group relations.
Allergy is a protective factor against age-related macular degeneration.

PURPOSE To investigate the role of allergy on AMD. METHODS Age-related macular degeneration staging was performed for 3585 individuals (1878 from Cologne, Germany, and 1707 from Nijmegen, The Netherlands). Interviewer-assisted questionnaires were evaluated for the factors smoking, use of corticosteroids, and history of allergy, including causative allergens. Serum complement component C3d and C3 levels were measured and the C3d:C3 ratio was calculated. Associations of allergy with AMD/late AMD were assessed by logistic regression analysis; C3d:C3 ratio was compared between groups. RESULTS The discovery cohort from Cologne included 864 AMD patients and 1014 controls; 495 patients had late AMD. Positive history of allergy showed strong protective effects on the phenotype AMD (OR 0.52; P = 3.42 × 10(-9)) and late AMD (OR 0.32; P = 2.57 × 10(-13)). Subclassification in allergy-provoking agents showed significant protective effects in all groups. After adjustment for age, sex, smoking, and corticosteroid use, protective effects for AMD (OR 0.75; P = 0.018) and late AMD (OR 0.49; P = 2.87 × 10(-5)) were confirmed. Although the C3d:C3 ratio was higher in AMD/late AMD patients (both P < 0.001), there was no association with allergy in AMD (P = 0.22). The protective effect of allergy on AMD was confirmed in the replication cohort from Nijmegen (P = 0.002 for AMD; P = 0.0001 for late AMD). CONCLUSIONS Allergy has a protective effect on the development of AMD independent of the provoking allergen, which cannot be explained by complement activation. Further investigations are necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effect of allergy on AMD.
Evolution under Reversals: Parsimony and Conservation of Common Intervals

In comparative genomics, gene order data is often modeled as signed permutations. A classical problem for genome comparison is to detect common intervals in permutations, that is, genes that are colocalized in several species, indicating that they remained grouped during evolution. A second largely studied problem related to gene order is to compute a minimum scenario of reversals that transforms a signed permutation into another. Several studies began to mix the two problems and it was observed that their results are not always compatible: Often, parsimonious scenarios of reversals break common intervals. If a scenario does not break any common interval, it is called perfect. In two recent studies, Berard et al. defined a class of permutations for which building a perfect scenario of reversals sorting a permutation was achieved in polynomial time and stated as an open question whether it is possible to decide, given a permutation, if there exists a minimum scenario of reversals that is perfect. In this paper, we give a solution to this problem and prove that this widens the class of permutations addressed by the aforementioned studies. We implemented and tested this algorithm on gene order data of chromosomes from several mammal species and we compared it to other methods. The algorithm helps to choose among several possible scenarios of reversals and indicates that the minimum scenario of reversals is not always the most plausible
Mechanical Properties of Laser Welded 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel*

Abstract Duplex stainless steel is widely used in the oil, chemical industry and to a lesser extent in the medical industry, because of the high mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and good weldability. In this study, AISI 2205 (22Cr5Ni3Mo) duplex stainless steel samples were joined using the CO2 laser beam welding method. In order to determine the mechanical properties of the welded joints, tensile tests were applied and the hardness of the welded sample was measured on the cross-section. The microstructure characterization of welded samples was also carried out using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Although, the mechanical properties of welded samples were found acceptable, the final microstructure of the welded metal and the heat affected zone (HAZ) were significantly affected by the ferrite phase due to the low heat input that caused high cooling rates, respectively.
Determination of trapping–detrapping events, recombination processes and gap-state parameters by modulated photocurrent measurements on amorphous silicon

Analysis of the out-of-phase modulated photocurrent (MPC) signal, the so-called Y signal, is proposed for determining the trapping–detrapping events, recombination processes and gap-state parameters in amorphous silicon. This is demonstrated by analysing experimental Y spectra obtained on this material from different laboratories including our own. Model simulations are also employed in which the amphoteric nature of the dangling bonds and their distribution according to the defect-pool model are taken into account. From the reconstruction of the Y signal, phase shift and MPC amplitude spectra, several contributions resolved from the frequency dependence of the experimental Y spectra are identified. Two electron trapping–detrapping processes are resolved. These are attributed to hydrogen-related positive defects and to transitions involving the D+/0 level of the normal dangling bonds from the defect-pool distribution. At lower frequencies a residual contribution is resolved that is attributed to a term related to recombination through the D+/0 and D0/− levels. Between 300 and 150 K the above recombination contribution is essentially from the D0/− and dominates the Y signal at lower frequencies. In this region a characteristic phase lead appears, which is attributed to the existence of safe hole traps in the valence band tail. Around 150 K, trapping–detrapping events in the conduction band tail dominate.
A Laser Surface Textured Parallel Thrust Bearing

The potential use of a new technology of laser surface texturing (LST) in parallel thrust bearings is theoretically investigated. The surface texture has the form of micro-dimples with pre-selected diameter, depth, and area density. It can be applied to only a portion of the bearing area (partial LST) or the full bearing area (full LST). Optimum parameters of the dimples, and best LST mode, are found in order to obtain maximum load carrying capacity for a thrust bearing having parallel mating surfaces. A comparison is made with optimum linear and stepped sliders showing that parallel LST sliders can provide similar load carrying capacity. Scheduled for Presentation at the 58th Annual Meeting in New York City April 28–May 1, 2003
RPS19 and TYMS SNPs and Prevalent High Risk Human Papilloma Virus Infection in Nigerian Women

High risk HPV (hrHPV) infection is a necessary cause of cervical cancer but the host genetic determinants of infection are poorly understood. We enrolled 267 women who presented to our cervical cancer screening program in Abuja, Nigeria between April 2012 and August 2012. We collected information on demographic characteristics, risk factors of cervical cancer and obtained samples of blood and cervical exfoliated cells from all participants. We used Roche Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test® to characterize the prevalent HPV according to manufacturer's instruction; Sequenom Mass Array to test 21 SNPs in genes/regions previously associated with hrHPV and regression models to examine independent factors associated with HPV infection. We considered a p<0.05 as significant because this is a replication study. There were 65 women with and 202 women without hrHPV infection. Under the allelic model, we found significant association between two SNPs, rs2305809 on RPS19 and rs2342700 on TYMS, and prevalent hrHPV infection. Multivariate analysis of hrHPV risk adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking, age of menarche, age at sexual debut, lifetime total number of sexual partners and the total number of pregnancies as covariates, yielded a p-value of 0.071 and 0.010 for rs2305809 and rs2342700, respectively. Our findings in this unique population suggest that a number of genetic risk variants for hrHPV are shared with other population groups. Definitive studies with larger sample sizes and using genome wide approaches are needed to understand the genetic architecture of hrHPV risk in multiple populations.
Lymphocyte responses and virus excretion as risk factors for intrauterine infection with cytomegalovirus

Serological screening of pregnant women in this and a previous study identified 28 cases of primary infection with cytomegalovirus, 7 (25%) of whom transmitted the infection to their fetuses. Risk factors for intrauterine infection were 1) age less than 20 years, 2) Caucasian rather than nonCaucasian race, 3) a weak response to cytomegalovirus antigen in the lymphocyte transformation test, and 4) the excretion of cytomegalovirus in the urine. The greatest risk was when a weak lymphoproliferative response was detected in combination with a positive result for virus isolation, in which case the chance of fetal infection was 83%. Despite these associations, there was one important anomalous result of a woman who demonstrated a strong lymphocyte response during pregnancy and a negative result for virus isolation, but who gave birth to an infected baby who developed unilateral hearing loss.
Giant Brunner's gland adenoma of the duodenal bulb presenting with ampullary and duodenal obstruction mimicking pancreatic malignancy.

CONTEXT Brunner's gland adenoma is a rare benign duodenal neoplasm. It usually presents with luminal obstruction or gastrointestinal bleeding. In rare cases, it may mimic a pancreatic malignancy and may present with obstructive jaundice. CASE REPORT A 65-year-old female presented with a two-month history of abdominal pain, early satiety and retrosternal burning pain. Liver function tests showed elevated enzymes with normal bilirubin. Imaging studies revealed a large mass in relation to the uncinate process of the pancreas and the distal duodenum along with the dilated common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct. Initial endoscopic evaluation failed to make a correct diagnosis. Repeat endoscopic evaluation combined with endoscopic sonography, however, revealed a large polypoid mass arising from the duodenal bulb. The patient underwent a transduodenal polypectomy. A diagnosis of Brunner's gland adenoma was made on histopathological examination. CONCLUSION Giant Brunner's adenoma may have unusual presentations. It may present with the features of ampullary obstruction mimicking periampullary or pancreatic malignancies. Extensive preoperative evaluation is required to reach a correct diagnosis in order to avoid more extensive surgery.
Ultrasound enhances reporter gene expression after transfection of vascular cells in vitro.

BACKGROUND Restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention remains a serious clinical problem. Progress in local gene therapy to prevent restenosis has been hindered by concerns over the safety and efficacy of viral vectors and the limited efficiency of nonviral techniques. This study investigates the use of adjunctive ultrasound to enhance nonviral gene delivery. METHODS AND RESULTS Cultured porcine vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) were transfected with naked or liposome-complexed luciferase reporter plasmid for 3 hours. Ultrasound exposure (USE) for 60 seconds at 1 MHz, 0.4 W/cm2, 30 minutes into this transfection period enhanced luciferase activity 48 hours later by 7.5-fold and 2. 4-fold, respectively. Luciferase activity after lipofection of ECs was similarly enhanced 3.3-fold by adjunctive USE. USE had no effect on cell viability, although it inhibited VSMC but not EC proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Adjunctive USE was associated with enhanced transgene expression in VSMCs and ECs and reduced VSMC but not EC proliferation in vitro, which suggests that ultrasound-assisted local gene therapy has potential as an antirestenotic therapy.
A Comparison of Short-term and Long-term Air Pollution Exposure Associations with Mortality in Two Cohorts in Scotland

BACKGROUND Air pollution-mortality risk estimates are generally larger at longer-term, compared with short-term, exposure time scales. OBJECTIVE We compared associations between short-term exposure to black smoke (BS) and mortality with long-term exposure-mortality associations in cohort participants and with short-term exposure-mortality associations in the general population from which the cohorts were selected. METHODS We assessed short-to-medium-term exposure-mortality associations in the Renfrew-Paisley and Collaborative cohorts (using nested case-control data sets), and compared them with long-term exposure-mortality associations (using a multilevel spatiotemporal exposure model and survival analyses) and short-to-medium-term exposure-mortality associations in the general population (using time-series analyses). RESULTS For the Renfrew-Paisley cohort (15,331 participants), BS exposure-mortality associations were observed in nested case-control analyses that accounted for spatial variations in pollution exposure and individual-level risk factors. These cohort-based associations were consistently greater than associations estimated in time-series analyses using a single monitoring site to represent general population exposure {e.g., 1.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.1, 3.4%] vs. 0.2% (95% CI: 0.0, 0.4%) increases in mortality associated with 10-μg/m³ increases in 3-day lag BS, respectively}. Exposure-mortality associations were of larger magnitude for longer exposure periods [e.g., 3.4% (95% CI: -0.7, 7.7%) and 0.9% (95% CI: 0.3, 1.5%) increases in all-cause mortality associated with 10-μg/m³ increases in 31-day BS in case-control and time-series analyses, respectively; and 10% (95% CI: 4, 17%) increase in all-cause mortality associated with a 10-μg/m³ increase in geometic mean BS for 1970-1979, in survival analysis]. CONCLUSIONS After adjusting for individual-level exposure and potential confounders, short-term exposure-mortality associations in cohort participants were of greater magnitude than in comparable general population time-series study analyses. However, short-term exposure-mortality associations were substantially lower than equivalent long-term associations, which is consistent with the possibility of larger, more persistent cumulative effects from long-term exposures.