Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SRDA: An Efficient Algorithm for Large-Scale Discriminant Analysis

Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) has been a popular method for extracting features that preserves class separability. The projection functions of LDA are commonly obtained by maximizing the between-class covariance and simultaneously minimizing the within-class covariance. It has been widely used in many fields of information processing, such as machine learning, data mining, information retrieval, and pattern recognition. However, the computation of LDA involves dense matrices eigendecomposition, which can be computationally expensive in both time and memory. Specifically, LDA has O(mnt + t3) time complexity and requires O(mn + mt + nt) memory, where m is the number of samples, n is the number of features, and t = min(m,n). When both m and n are large, it is infeasible to apply LDA. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for discriminant analysis, called Spectral Regression Discriminant Analysis (SRDA). By using spectral graph analysis, SRDA casts discriminant analysis into a regression framework that facilitates both efficient computation and the use of regularization techniques. Specifically, SRDA only needs to solve a set of regularized least squares problems, and there is no eigenvector computation involved, which is a huge save of both time and memory. Our theoretical analysis shows that SRDA can be computed with O(mn) time and O(ms) memory, where . s(les n) is the average number of nonzero features in each sample. Extensive experimental results on four real-world data sets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithm.
Disgust Sensitivity and the Neurophysiology of Left-Right Political Orientations

Disgust has been described as the most primitive and central of emotions. Thus, it is not surprising that it shapes behaviors in a variety of organisms and in a variety of contexts—including homo sapien politics. People who believe they would be bothered by a range of hypothetical disgusting situations display an increased likelihood of displaying right-of-center rather than left-of-center political orientations. Given its primal nature and essential value in avoiding pathogens disgust likely has an effect even without registering in conscious beliefs. In this article, we demonstrate that individuals with marked involuntary physiological responses to disgusting images, such as of a man eating a large mouthful of writhing worms, are more likely to self-identify as conservative and, especially, to oppose gay marriage than are individuals with more muted physiological responses to the same images. This relationship holds even when controlling for the degree to which respondents believe themselves to be disgust sensitive and suggests that people's physiological predispositions help to shape their political orientations.
Value of detection of serum human epididymis secretory protein 4 and carbohydrate antigen 125 in diagnosis of early endometrial cancer of different pathological subtypes

This study explored the value of detection of human epididymis secretory protein 4 (HE4) and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) from serum in diagnosis of early endometrial cancer of different pathological subtypes and discussed the mechanism of HE4 and CA125 in diagnosis. In this study, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and chemiluminescent immunoassay were used to detect HE4 and CA125 from serum in endometrial cancer and control groups. Besides, the concentration of HE4 and CA125 was compared in these two groups, and the expression of CA125 and HE4 and clinicopathological characteristics in patients with endometrial cancer were also analyzed. Compared with the control group, the expression of HE4 was much higher in serum of patients with endometrial cancer, while there was no obvious change in the expression of CA125. The threshold detection value was acquired by receiver operating characteristic analysis method, that is, 141.5 pmol/L and 54.5 U/L, respectively. When comparing the concentration of HE4 in patients with endometrial cancer at the early stage (stage I) with healthy people, the difference therein had statistical significance, but there was no obvious difference in CA125. HE4 and CA125 in diagnosis of endometrial cancer in the stages I and II were found with no statistically significant difference. The difference of HE4 in the stages II and III had statistical significance while the difference of CA125 had no statistical significance. The specificity of both HE4 and CA125 was 95%, and the sensitivity of HE4 to uterine papillary serous carcinomas was higher than that to endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Thus, the serum HE4 is much better than CA125 in detecting the endometrial cancer at an early stage.
Electrodiagnostic study of carpal tunnel syndrome in wheelchair basketball players.

UNLABELLED OBJECTIVE-DESIGN-SUBJECTS: Compression neuropathies are common injuries about the wrist in wheelchair athletes. Thirty-three world-class wheelchair basketball players were studied electrodiagnostically to determine the prevalence and severity of median neuropathy at the wrist in these athletes. RESULTS Thirty percent of these athletes had symptoms consistent with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), and 70% of these had electrodiagnostic confirmation of this injury. Overall, 52% of the 33 athletes had electrodiagnostic findings of median neuropathy at the wrist with nine athletes (27%) exhibiting bilateral abnormalities. Four athletes (12%) had abnormal electrodiagnostic findings involving the ulnar nerve at the wrist. CONCLUSIONS This prevalence of CTS in wheelchair basketball players appears to be similar to that found in the general paraplegic population. Early recognition and treatment of CTS in these athletes are recommended to avoid chronic problems.
When intelligence meets data: game story generation by compositional creativity

Creative computing concerns itself with theoretical and practical issues in the interdisciplinary study of creativity and computing. This paper covers a variety of preliminary compositional considerations relevant to stories generation, including conceptualising a theme, generating a storyline, and developing story narratives. An interactive game story generation system with compositional creativity as the main technique is proposed in this study. Generally speaking, a story composition process includes two major tasks: story plotting and narrative generation. This paper proposes using compositional creativity to produce credible story characters and consistent stories while addressing the needs and preferences of game players. Stories are generated according to the blind selection of story characters, events and organisations use the story theme as a selective-retention criteria taking into account the temporal, spatial and logical relationships and constraints.
Ephemeral stream dynamics, land cover changes and climate variability in the marginal grabens of the northern Ethiopian Rift Valley

This study focused on ephemeral streams morphodynamics and their relation with hydro-climatic and bio-physical characteristics in their headwater and graben floors in the marginal grabens along the northern Ethiopian Rift Valley. The Raya graben was taken as a case study area, which is the largest marginal graben in northern Ethiopia. The link between rainfall variability and land cover changes shows that there was a negative correlation between precipitation and deforestation which implies that an increase in precipitation decreases deforestation deterring the peasants from tree cutting. Regarding the relationship between upper catchment characteristics and river morphology, results show that upper catchment area is the most important controlling factor of the length of and the area occupied by the rivers in the graben bottom. A simple hydraulic analysis based on the change of specific discharge as the river ow approaches the bridges demonstrates that the abrupt change in channel width as the river approaches the bridge is the main cause of the thick deposition and, consequently, of the increased frequency of overbank oods upstream of the road bridges in the study area. The results related to channel bank erosion capacity of ash oods show that all the peak discharges were equally important in triggering channel bank erosion. Concomitantly, vegetated channels are much more resist- ant to channel bank erosion than non-vegetated banks. Land changes in graben bottoms dictate that the changes are not simply related to a distributary river system but that human interven- tion (e.g., the conversion of bushland and forests into cropland, settlement on alluvium, and avoidance of losing farmland to other land units) and natural vegetation regeneration (e.g., alluvial deposits into shrubland) are also important. Overall, the study suggests that to control the morphodynamics of the ephemeral rivers and their impact on farming activities in the gra- ben bottom, catchment rehabilitation activities need to focus both on the upper catchment and the river channels in the graben bottom. Key words: ephemeral streams, land change, graben, Rift Valley, land cover, climate variability
A Stochastic Model for Phylogenetic Trees

We propose the following simple stochastic model for phylogenetic trees. New types are born and die according to a birth and death chain. At each birth we associate a fitness to the new type sampled from a fixed distribution. At each death the type with the smallest fitness is killed. We show that if the birth (i.e. mutation) rate is subcritical, we obtain a phylogenetic tree consistent with an influenza tree (few types at any given time and one dominating type lasting a long time). When the birth rate is supercritical, we obtain a phylogenetic tree consistent with an HIV tree (many types at any given time, none lasting very long).
How Meaningful are Plot‐Scale Observations and Simulations of Preferential Flow for Catchment Models?

We tested a range of dual‐permeability parameterizations at plot and catchment scale. Well‐performing parameters at plot scale did not clearly improve catchment simulation. Vertical preferential flow was important for simulating plot‐scale observations. At catchment scale, it appeared more important to consider fast lateral subsurface flow. This showed that different nonuniform flow processes are critical at different scales.
Fragment Reattachment -A Simple Technique to Restore Coronal Fracture

Coronal fracture of anterior teeth is a common problem of children as a result of dental trauma particularly during sports. This fracture has its drawbacks on the smile appearance that may affect the psychic state of the child. Restoration of such fracture is very important to restore the esthetic of the smile. May techniques are available; the most conservative one is reattachment of the fractured piece. This article describes the reattachment of fractured fragment of left central incisor of a child. The fractured tooth fragment was successfully reattached using a very simple technique. Circumferential beveling and using of micro hybrid composite was sufficient to get a good esthetic and durable result. At the end of the treatment, the patient was very happy and satisfied.
Gene therapy for colorectal cancer using adenovirus-mediated full-length antibody, cetuximab

Cetuximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody, approved to treat patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for years. It functions by blocking the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) from receiving signals or interacting with other proteins. Although the demand for cetuximab for the treatment of cancer patients in clinics is increasing, the complicated techniques involved and its high cost limit its wide applications. Here, a new, cheaper form of cetuximab was generated for cancer gene therapy. This was achieved by cloning the full-length cetuximab antibody into two serotypes of adenoviral vectors, termed as AdC68-CTB and Hu5-CTB. In vivo studies showed that a single dose of AdC68-CTB or Hu5-CTB induced sustained cetuximab expression and dramatically suppressed tumor growth in NCI-H508– or DiFi-inoculated nude mice. In conclusion, gene therapy using adenovirus expressing full-length cetuximab could be a novel alternative method for the effective treatment of colorectal cancer.
Functional Connectivity under Anticipation of Shock: Correlates of Trait Anxious Affect versus Induced Anxiety

Sustained anxiety about potential future negative events is an important feature of anxiety disorders. In this study, we used a novel anticipation of shock paradigm to investigate individual differences in functional connectivity during prolonged threat of shock. We examined the correlates of between-participant differences in trait anxious affect and induced anxiety, where the latter reflects changes in self-reported anxiety resulting from the shock manipulation. Dissociable effects of trait anxious affect and induced anxiety were observed. Participants with high scores on a latent dimension of anxious affect showed less increase in ventromedial pFC–amygdala connectivity between periods of safety and shock anticipation. Meanwhile, lower levels of induced anxiety were linked to greater augmentation of dorsolateral pFC–anterior insula connectivity during shock anticipation. These findings suggest that ventromedial pFC–amygdala and dorsolateral pFC–insula networks might both contribute to regulation of sustained fear responses, with their recruitment varying independently across participants. The former might reflect an evolutionarily old mechanism for reducing fear or anxiety, whereas the latter might reflect a complementary mechanism by which cognitive control can be implemented to diminish fear responses generated due to anticipation of aversive stimuli or events. These two circuits might provide complementary, alternate targets for exploration in future pharmacological and cognitive intervention studies.
Oral findings in ankyloblepharon‐ectodermal dysplasia‐cleft lip/palate (AEC) syndrome

This article outlines the dental conditions and treatment findings of individuals ranging in age from 4 months to 30 years of age diagnosed with ankyloblepharon‐ectodermal dysplasia‐cleft lip/palate (AEC) syndrome. The average number of permanent teeth present is 4.75 with a range of 0–12 teeth. The most frequently present permanent teeth are first molars, canines and maxillary incisors. The dentition of AEC‐affected individuals in our study is similar to reports in other ectodermal dysplasia syndromes. The dental treatment findings, including those necessitated by the cleft palate defect seen in the syndrome, are also similar to age appropriate treatment seen in other cases of ectodermal dysplasia syndromes. Only 22% of subjects had prosthetic replacement of missing teeth. History indicated that issues related to treatment of the palatal cleft and lack of recognition of the oral defects as a part of the underlying medical problem were factors in receiving comprehensive tooth replacement care. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
C-174G polymorphism in the promoter of the interleukin-6 gene is associated with insulin resistance.

OBJECTIVE The C-174G promoter polymorphism of the interleukin (IL)-6 gene was found to influence transcriptional activity and plasma IL-6 levels in humans. We addressed the question of whether the C-174G IL-6 polymorphism contributes to variation of insulin sensitivity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Two cohorts of subjects were genotyped. Cohort 1 includes 275 nondiabetic subjects who underwent a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. Cohort 2 includes 77 patients with morbid obesity who underwent laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). RESULTS The genotypes were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium proportions. In cohort 1, insulin sensitivity was reduced in carriers of the -174G/G genotype as compared with subjects carrying the C allele (P = 0.004). Carriers of -174G/G displayed significantly higher plasma IL-6 levels in comparison with carriers of the C allele. In a stepwise linear regression analysis, the C-174G polymorphism was independently associated with insulin sensitivity; however, after inclusion of plasma IL-6 concentrations, the polymorphism was excluded from the model explaining insulin sensitivity variability, thus suggesting that the polymorphism was affecting insulin sensitivity by regulating IL-6 plasma levels. IL-6 mRNA levels were measured by real-time RT-PCR in subcutaneous fat obtained from obese patients of cohort 2 during LAGB. Carriers of -174G/G showed increased IL-6 expression compared with subjects carrying the C allele (P = 0.04). There was a significant correlation between adipose IL-6 mRNA expression and insulin resistance assessed by homeostasis model assessment (rho = 0.28, P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the -174G/G genotype of the IL-6 gene may contribute to variations in insulin sensitivity.
Normal mode analysis of human lysozyme: Study of the relative motion of the two domains and characterization of the harmonic motion

A normal mode analysis of human lysozyme has been carried out at room temperature. Human lysozyme is an enzyme constituted of two domains separated by an active site cleft, the motion of which is thought to be relevant for biological function. This motion has been described as a hinge bending motion. McCammon et al.1 have determined the characteristics of the hinge bending motion but they assumed a prior knowledge of the hinge axis. In this work we propose a method which is free from this assumption and determines the hinge axis and root mean square (rms) rotation angle which give the best agreement with the pattern of changes in all the distances between nonhydrogen atoms in the two domains, obtained by the normal mode analysis. The hinge axis we found is notably different from the one previously determined and goes, roughly, through the Cα 55 and Cα 76, i.e., it is located at the base of the β‐sheet of the second domain. The rms value for the rotation angle is also twice as large as the previous one: 3.37°. It is shown that this hinge bending motion provides a fairly good approximation of the dynamics of human lysozyme and that the normal mode with the lowest frequency has a dominating contribution to this hinge bending motion.
An Optimal Ancestry Labeling Scheme with Applications to XML Trees and Universal Posets

In this article, we solve the ancestry-labeling scheme problem, which aims at assigning the shortest possible labels (bit strings) to nodes of rooted trees, so ancestry queries between any two nodes can be answered by inspecting their assigned labels only. This problem was introduced more than 20 years ago by Kannan et al. [1988] and is among the most well-studied problems in the field of informative labeling schemes. We construct an ancestry-labeling scheme for n-node trees with label size log 2n + O(log log n) bits, thus matching the log 2n + Ω(log log n) bits lower bound given by Alstrup et al. [2003]. Our scheme is based on a simplified ancestry scheme that operates extremely well on a restricted set of trees. In particular, for the set of n-node trees with a depth of at most d, the simplified ancestry scheme enjoys label size of log 2n + 2log2d + O(1) bits. Since the depth of most XML trees is at most some small constant, such an ancestry scheme may be of practical use. In addition, we also obtain an adjacency-labeling scheme that labels n-node trees of depth d with labels of size log 2n + 3log 2d + O(1) bits. All our schemes assign the labels in linear time, and guarantee that any query can be answered in constant time. Finally, our ancestry scheme finds applications to the construction of small universal partially ordered sets (posets). Specifically, for any fixed integer k, it enables the construction of a universal poset of size Õ(nk) for the family of n-element posets with a tree dimension of at most k. Up to lower-order terms, this bound is tight thanks to a lower bound of nk − o(1) by to Alon and Scheinerman [1988].
The influence of age on characteristics of cataract patients

Abstract The influence of age on 12 pre‐, 1 intra‐, and 2 postoperative patients' characteristics was investigated in 1261 consecutively performed extracapsular cataract extractions. The following characteristics were shown to be significantly associated with increasing age; cardiovascular disease (p < 0.0005), female gender (p < 0.0005), nuclear sclerosis (p < 0.0005), maculopathy (p < 0.0005), corneal guttatae (p = 0.008) and reducing visual acuity in the fellow eye (p < 0.0005). Further, inadequate mydriasis at start of surgery was significantly associated with increasing age even after adjusting for glaucoma and pseudoexfoliation (p = 0.0007). After adjusting for pseudoexfoliation, a statistically significant relationship still existed between age and glaucoma (p = 0.0235). Even after controlling for relevant variables, i.e. maculopathy, a highly significant association was found between reducing visual acuity 4 months postoperatively and increasing age (p < 0.00005). Diabetes mellitus, the degree of cataract maturity, preoperative visual acuity of the operating eye, vitreous loss and postoperative inflammatory response were not significantly associated with increasing age.
Predicting nucleic acid binding interfaces from structural models of proteins

The function of DNA‐ and RNA‐binding proteins can be inferred from the characterization and accurate prediction of their binding interfaces. However, the main pitfall of various structure‐based methods for predicting nucleic acid binding function is that they are all limited to a relatively small number of proteins for which high‐resolution three‐dimensional structures are available. In this study, we developed a pipeline for extracting functional electrostatic patches from surfaces of protein structural models, obtained using the I‐TASSER protein structure predictor. The largest positive patches are extracted from the protein surface using the patchfinder algorithm. We show that functional electrostatic patches extracted from an ensemble of structural models highly overlap the patches extracted from high‐resolution structures. Furthermore, by testing our pipeline on a set of 55 known nucleic acid binding proteins for which I‐TASSER produces high‐quality models, we show that the method accurately identifies the nucleic acids binding interface on structural models of proteins. Employing a combined patch approach we show that patches extracted from an ensemble of models better predicts the real nucleic acid binding interfaces compared with patches extracted from independent models. Overall, these results suggest that combining information from a collection of low‐resolution structural models could be a valuable approach for functional annotation. We suggest that our method will be further applicable for predicting other functional surfaces of proteins with unknown structure. Proteins 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.