Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of analysis in an age of computers: view from the analytical side

The role of both past and current analysis in computer-based electromagnetics research is examined. Some observations on the current status of computer-based solutions are presented. It is concluded that analysis will remain an essential tool for making discoveries of electromagnetic phenomena, for providing physical insight into complex phenomena, and for the development of robust problem formulations and numerical methods, so that computed results with verifiable accuracy can be achieved. It is also concluded that more attention to verifying the accuracy of numerical results obtained from computer solutions is needed. <<ETX>>
The Torso signaling pathway modulates a dual transcriptional switch to regulate tailless expression

The Torso (Tor) signaling pathway activates tailless (tll) expression by relieving tll repression. None of the repressors identified so far, such as Capicuo, Groucho and Tramtrack69 (Ttk69), bind to the tor response element (tor-RE) or fully elucidate tll repression. In this study, an expanded tll expression pattern was shown in embryos with reduced heat shock factor (hsf) and Trithorax-like (Trl) activities. The GAGA factor, GAF encoded by Trl, bound weakly to the tor-RE, and this binding was enhanced by both Hsf and Ttk69. A similar extent of expansion of tll expression was observed in embryos with simultaneous knockdown of hsf, Trl and ttk69 activities, and in embryos with constitutively active Tor. Hsf is a substrate of mitogen-activated protein kinase and S378 is the major phosphorylation site. Phosphorylation converts Hsf from a repressor to an activator that works with GAF to activate tll expression. In conclusion, the GAF/Hsf/Ttk69 complex binding to the tor-RE remodels local chromatin structure to repress tll expression and the Tor signaling pathway activate tll expression by modulating a dual transcriptional switch.
CT in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Diagnosis and Beyond.

OBJECTIVE This review focuses on recent idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis guidelines with regard to CT-based diagnosis, the limitations and potential sources of diagnostic error in their clinical application, and proposals for future guideline modification and improvement. The review also addresses the use of CT in disease monitoring, prognostic assessment, and therapeutic clinical trials. CONCLUSION Ongoing research and clinical experience highlight the need for updating existing guidelines frequently.
Propagator matrix and layer stripping methods: A aomparison of shear‐wave birefringence detection on two data sets from railroad gap and Lost Hills fields

This paper compares two methods. the propagator matrix and layer stripping methods, for measuring shear-wave birefringence and its variation with depth. The comparison is done on two near offset S-wave VSPs from the southwest San Joaquin basin of California. The layer stripping method, which works from the surface by removing birefringence effects as soon as they change, is compared to the propagator matrix method, which works between two given depths without any need for information from the shallower depths. The two methods require S-wave VSPs obtained with two different horizontal source polarizations. The comparison is performed on data sets from the Railroad Gap and Lost Hills fields in California. The results of the two methods are in close agreement, especially when birefringence is large (3% to 7%). Interesting differences in results illustrate advantages and disadvantages of each method.
Evaluation of the Potential Effect of Transgenic Rice Expressing Cry1Ab on the Hematology and Enzyme Activity in Organs of Female Swiss Rats

To assess the safety of transgenic rice expressing Cry1Ab protein to vertebrates, the effect of Cry1Ab rice on broad health indicators in blood and various organs of Swiss rats were analyzed. The 30 and 90 day safety studies of Cry1Ab rice on female Swiss rats revealed that Cry1Ab rice had no significant effect on the several elements of blood lymph including hemogram, calcium ion concentration and apoptosis rate of lymphocytes, indicating that Cry1Ab protein could not affect the blood lymph of Swiss rat. Similarly, Cry1Ab rice had no effect on enzyme activities in a variety of organs of Swiss rat. However, Cry1Ab rice did have significant effects on the blood biochemistry indexes including urea, triglyceride (TG), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) after the rats were fed with Cry1Ab rice for 30 days, but not after 90 days, indicating that Cry1Ab protein may influence blood metabolism for a short duration. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis of the 6 genes encoding enzymes responsible for the major detoxification functions of liver revealed that Cry1Ab rice exerted no influences on the levels of these transcripts in liver of Swiss rat, indicating that significant differences registered in part of the blood biochemical parameters in the 30 day study might result from other untested organs or tissues in response to the stress of exogenous Cry1Ab protein. The results suggest that Cry1Ab protein has no significant long-term (90 day) effects on female Swiss rat.
Impact of syndepositional faulting on gravity current behaviour and deep-water stratigraphy: Tabernas-Sorbas Basin, SE Spain

Abstract Seabed faulting can have a significant impact on the routeing and behaviour of gravity currents depositing sand on deepwater basin floors. The Neogene El Cautivo Fault in the Tabernas-Sorbas Basin, SE Spain, is a rare example of a fault that demonstrably propagated through to the seabed during turbidite deposition, allowing the interplay between deepwater sedimentation and tectonics to be explored. The fault is associated with a wide (up to 350 m) gouge zone that varies significantly in thickness along its length, reflecting upward expansion towards the original seabed and progressive burial as fault activity ceased. Kinematic and stratigraphic evidence indicate that the fault was a dextral oblique strike-slip fault that accommodated an area of deeper ponded bathymetry (a ‘mini-basin’) and accelerated subsidence on its southern flank. Active faulting controlled the routeing of turbidity currents (revealed by changing provenance across the structure), rates of seabed deformation (resulting in differential subsidence and ‘growth’ of the stratigraphy), and the behaviour of the ponded currents (producing distinctive bipartite beds when deposition was in localized ponded depressions). The seabed expression of the fault varied from a forced fold, which warped the surface causing local wedging and onlap in the vicinity of the structure, and an unstable scarp that locally collapsed. The fault gouge fabrics and vein arrays are consistent with faulting of soft, water-rich sediment close to the seabed.
Opening Up the Black Box of the Body in Geographical Obesity Research: Toward a Critical Political Ecology of Fat

Geographic treatments of the etiology of obesity tend to turn on the obesogenic environment thesis and investigate the relationship between urban form and obesity. With their emphasis on environmental features that mediate eating and exercise activities, these explorations fundamentally rest on behavioral models of obesogenesis. As such, they tend to black-box the biological body as the site where excess calories are putatively metabolized into fat and made unhealthy. Drawing on critical political ecology, this article discusses the limitations of this dominant approach. First it provides some anomalies not well explained by the energy balance model. Then it reports on emerging biomedical research regarding the role of the endocrine system and endocrine-disrupting chemicals in transforming body ecologies to make them more susceptible to adiposity, regardless of caloric intake. This research also points to the active role of adipose tissue in regulating fat. In light of this evidence, the article argues for a rethinking of current geographical approaches to obesity and health more generally, with due attention to the ecologies of bodies as well as the interpretation of science.
Convolutional LSTM Network: A Machine Learning Approach for Precipitation Nowcasting

The goal of precipitation nowcasting is to predict the future rainfall intensity in a local region over a relatively short period of time. Very few previous studies have examined this crucial and challenging weather forecasting problem from the machine learning perspective. In this paper, we formulate precipitation nowcasting as a spatiotemporal sequence forecasting problem in which both the input and the prediction target are spatiotemporal sequences. By extending the fully connected LSTM (FC-LSTM) to have convolutional structures in both the input-to-state and state-to-state transitions, we propose the convolutional LSTM (ConvLSTM) and use it to build an end-to-end trainable model for the precipitation nowcasting problem. Experiments show that our ConvLSTM network captures spatiotemporal correlations better and consistently outperforms FC-LSTM and the state-of-the-art operational ROVER algorithm for precipitation nowcasting.
First articulated skeleton of Palaeeudyptes gunnari from the late Eocene of Isla Marambio (Seymour Island), Antarctica

Abstract The first articulated skeleton of a penguin from the late Eocene of Antarctica is described. MLP 96-I-6-13 comes from the upper Submeseta Allomember (La Meseta Formation) of Isla Marambio (locality DPV 10/84). The significance of this finding in the context of the Anthropornis nordenskjoeldi biozone is discussed. An osteologic description of the recovered elements and a brief discussion of its systematic determination are provided. MLP 96-I-6-13 is the first articulated skeleton with sure specific assignment to Palaeeudyptes gunnari (Wiman, 1905), a species previously known only through isolated tarsometatarsi and included in the groups of Wiman.
Comprehensive analysis of alpha and neutron particle-induced soft errors in an embedded processor at nanoscales

Radiation-induced soft errors have become a key challenge in advanced commercial electronic components and systems. We present results of Soft Error Rate (SER) analysis of an embedded processor. Our SER analysis platform accurately models all generation, propagation and masking effects starting from a technology response model derived using TCAD simulations at the device level all the way to application masking. The platform employs a combination of empirical models at the device level, analytical error propagation at logic level and fault emulation at the architecture/application level to provide the detailed contribution of each component (flip-flops, combinational gates, and SRAMs) to the overall SER. At each stage in the modeling hierarchy, an appropriate level of abstraction is used to propagate the effect of errors to the next higher level. Unlike previous studies which are based on very simple test chips, analyzing the entire processor gives more insight into the contributions of different components to the overall SER. The results of this analysis can assist circuit designers to adopt effective hardening techniques to reduce the overall SER while meeting required power and performance constraints.
Using Enterprise Architecture Standards in Managing Information Technology

Organizations increasingly need to build an enterprise-wide capability to leverage technology that is distributed in different business units. Some organizations establish enterprise architecture (EA) standards to enable greater compatibility of information technology (IT) components and integration of applications and data across the enterprise. Through a firm-level survey, we sought to answer two key questions about the use of EA standards: (1) How do different governance mechanisms affect the use of EA standards? and (2) To what extent does the use of EA standards help organizations to improve the sharing and integration of IT resources across the enterprise? We identified four key governance mechanisms for EA standards management and examined how each mechanism affected the use of EA standards. We also examined how the use of EA standards affects the management of IT infrastructure, applications, and data resources across business units. Our empirical results showed that the use of EA standards is effective in helping organizations to better manage their IT resources. Our study also provides detailed insights into how organizations can set up governance mechanisms to facilitate the use of EA standards in achieving enterprisewide goals.
Shocks and Frictions in US Business Cycles: A Bayesian DSGE Approach

Using a Bayesian likelihood approach, we estimate a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model for the US economy using seven macro-economic time series. The model incorporates many types of real and nominal frictions and seven types of structural shocks. We show that this model is able to compete with Bayesian Vector Autoregression models in out-of-sample prediction. We investigate the relative empirical importance of the various frictions. Finally, using the estimated model we address a number of key issues in business cycle analysis: What are the sources of business cycle fluctuations? Can the model explain the cross-correlation between output and inflation? What are the effects of productivity on hours worked? What are the sources of the “Great Moderation”?
Furongian Series (Cambrian) biostratigraphy of Scandinavia - a revision

The Cambrian System is currently undergoing substantial revisions with regards to its biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy. This is evident in the recent ratification of the Cambrian Furongian Series, the Paibian Stage (Peng et al. 2004), the Drumian Stage (Babcock et al. 2004, 2007), and international agreement on a chronostratigraphic framework comprising four series and ten stages, as opposed to the traditional tripartite subdivision (Fig. 1; Babcock et al. 2005; Peng et al. 2006; Zhu et al. 2006). The overall program of the International Subcommission on Cambrian stratigraphy is to develop a global stage-level chronostratigraphic framework for the whole Cambrian System. This is welcome but obviously requires that regional stratigraphic schemes (Babcock et al. 2007) be revised.
The nature of farm succession in three New South Wales communities

Farm transfer between generations of the same family has long been considered a highly significant aspect of rural ideology in Australia with major ramifications for farm management decision making. However, the importance attached to family farm succession has been increasingly questioned in current literature. Results from a study in rural culture in New South Wales support the contention that succession is declining in importance, highlighting instead that the wellbeing and education of younger family members is being placed ahead of expectations that children will automatically take over their parents' property and remain in farming. Implications of this trend for farm management are flagged and directions for further research explored.
Characterizing the eye trajectory during the gait towards Parkinson stage identification

Parkinson’s Disease characterization is commonly carried out by measuring a motor abnormality that may affect an optimal locomotion. However, such gait characterization is far from achieving accurate and sensible early detection of this disease, dealying between 6 months to 3 years a first diagnosis. Current research has identified the eye movements (EM) as a powerful biomarker that may detect and identify PD, even in early stages. However, this eye analysis is now performed under fully controlled conditions and strict protocols, for which the patient must follow a set of routine movements in a static position. Such protocols however loss some natural eye movements during the gait that may help to promptly highlight the disease. This work presents preliminary results characterizing and analyzing the center of mass of the eye movement during the gait, captured using a high speed camera. An automatic tracking strategy was herein implemented to follow the eye during the locomotion. Promising results were obtained from a set of real patients diagnosed with parkinson diseases in stages of 1 y 3, which show strong differences among the computed signals.
Variation to Cause Host Injury Between Russian Wheat Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) Clones Virulent to Dn4 Wheat

Abstract Biotypes are infraspecific classifications based on biological rather than morphological characteristics. Cereal aphids are managed primarily by host plant resistance, and they often develop biotypes that injure or kill previously resistant plants. Although molecular genetic variation within aphid biotypes has been well documented, little is known about phenotypic variation, especially virulence or the biotype’s ability to cause injury to cultivars with specific resistance genes. Five clones (single maternal lineages) of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) (Homoptera: Aphididae), determined to be injurious to wheat, Triticum aestivum L. , with the Dn4 gene, were evaluated on resistant and susceptible wheat and barley, Hordeum vulgare L. , for their ability to cause chlorosis, reduction in plant height, and reduction in shoot dry weight. Variation to cause injury on resistant ‘Halt’ wheat, susceptible ‘Jagger’ wheat, and resistant ‘STARS-9301B’ barley was found among the Dn4 virulent clones. One clone caused up to 30.0 and 59.5% more reduction in plant height and shoot dry weight, respectively, on resistant Halt than other clones. It also caused up to 29.9 and 55.5% more reduction in plant height and shoot dry weight, respectively, on susceptible Jagger wheat. Although STARS-9301B barley exhibited an equal resistant response to feeding by all five clones based on chlorosis, two clones caused ≈20% more reduction in plant height and shoot dry weight than three other clones. The most injurious clones on wheat were not the most injurious clones on barley. This is the first report of variation to cause varying degrees of plant damage within an aphid biotype virulent to a single host resistance gene. A single aphid clone may not accurately represent the true virulent nature of a biotype population in the field.
Crust–mantle interaction triggered by oblique subduction of the Pacific plate: geochronological, geochemical, and Hf isotopic evidence from the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks of Zhejiang Province, southeast China

Large-scale volcanism in the late Mesozoic was a prominent geological event in southeast China. The late Mesozoic volcanic sequences, named the Moshishan Group, are exposed in Zhejiang Province and are predominantly felsic in composition with subordinate mafic magma and rare andesites. To understand the late Mesozoic tectonic evolution of southeast China, we present zircon U–Pb dating, major and trace element analyses, and Hf isotopic compositions from felsic volcanic rocks of the Moshishan Group. Zircon U–Pb dating shows that the Moshishan Group formed between 145 and 129 Ma. The εHf(t) of the analysed zircons ranges from −16.58 to +6.89, and the TDM2 age ranges from 753 to 2238 Ma with a major peak at ca. 1870 Ma. Hf isotopic compositions of zircons in Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks are more radiogenic than that of the metamorphic basement rocks, indicating a juvenile component in these magmas. Major element concentrations show that the volcanic rocks mainly belong to the high-K calc-alkaline series. Both zircon saturation temperatures and the εHf(t) values of zircons gradually increased with the evolution of the magma. Trace element data indicates that neither magmatic differentiation of mantle-derived magma nor mixing of magmas from different sources were the predominant magmagenetic processes. Earlier studies suggest that contemporaneous underplating contributed to the heat source that induced crustal melting and to the material origin that inconsistently mixed with the local crustal melts. Magmatic underplating is likely to have occurred because of the southwestward subduction of the Pacific plate with episodic slab rollback. The data obtained in this study suggest that the crust–mantle interaction under the influence of slab rollback played a progressive role in the formation of Early Cretaceous felsic volcanic rocks in southeast China.
Peritoneal closure or non-closure at caesarean section

Summary At caesarean section, the closure or non-closure of the parietal and/or the visceral peritoneum has short-term and long-term advantages and disadvantages. The majority of reports have compared double closure vs double non-closure, non-closure of the parietal, or non-closure of the visceral parietal, with special emphasis on operation time, febrile morbidity, and duration of hospital stay. The present study compares the three methods in 692 consecutive caesarean sections in a South African rural hospital, with special emphasis on wound sepsis, operation time and febrile morbidity. The prevalence of wound sepsis and febrile morbidity was 4.9% and 2.5%, respectively. The only significant difference between the three groups was that double closure resulted in the longest operation time.
Unsupervised Disambiguation of Image Captions

Given a set of images with related captions, our goal is to show how visual features can improve the accuracy of unsupervised word sense disambiguation when the textual context is very small, as this sort of data is common in news and social media. We extend previous work in unsupervised text-only disambiguation with methods that integrate text and images. We construct a corpus by using Amazon Mechanical Turk to caption sense-tagged images gathered from ImageNet. Using a Yarowsky-inspired algorithm, we show that gains can be made over text-only disambiguation, as well as multimodal approaches such as Latent Dirichlet Allocation.
Structural Vector Autoregressions

Structural vector autoregressive (VAR) models were introduced in 1980 as an alternative to traditional large-scale macroeconometric models when the theoretical and empirical support for these models became increasingly doubtful. Initial applications of the structural VAR methodology often were atheoretical in that users paid insufficient attention to the conditions required for identifying causal effects in the data. In response to ongoing questions about the validity of widely used identifying assumptions the structural VAR literature has continuously evolved since the 1980s. This survey traces the evolution of this literature. It focuses on alternative approaches to the identification of structural shocks within the framework of a reduced-form VAR model, highlighting the conditions under which each approach is valid and discussing potential limitations of commonly employed methods.