Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shallow structure beneath the Central Volcanic Complex of Tenerife from new gravity data : Implications for its evolution and recent reactivation

We present a new local Bouguer anomaly map of the Central Volcanic Complex (CVC) of Tenerife, Spain constructed from the amalgamation of 323 new high precision gravity measurements with existing grav ity data from 361 observations. The new anomaly map images the high-density core of the CVC and th pronounced gravity low centred in the Las Cañadas caldera in greater detail than previously available Mathematical construction of a sub-surface model from the local anomaly data, employing a 3D inversio based on “growing” the sub-surface density distribution via the aggregation of cells, enables mappin of the shallow structure beneath the complex, giving unprecedented insights into the sub-surface archi tecture. We find the resultant density distribution in agreement with geological and other geophysica data. The modelled sub-surface structure supports a vertical collapse origin of the caldera, and maps th headwall of the ca. 180 ka Icod landslide, which appears to lie buried beneath the Pico Viejo–Pico Teid stratovolcanic complex. The results allow us to put into context the recorded ground deformation an gravity changes at the CVC during its reactivation in spring 2004 in relation to its dominant structura building blocks. For example, the areas undergoing the most significant changes at depth in recent years
A lattice-based approach to mashup security

A web mashup is a web application that integrates content from different providers to create a new service, not offered by the content providers. As mashups grow in popularity, the problem of securing information flow between mashup components becomes increasingly important. This paper presents a security lattice-based approach to mashup security, where the origins of the different components of the mashup are used as levels in the security lattice. Declassification allows controlled information release between the components. We formalize a notion of composite delimited release policy and provide considerations for practical (static as well as runtime) enforcement of mashup information-flow security policies in a web browser.
Equivalence and practice effect of alternate forms for Malay version of Auditory Verbal Learning Test (MAVLT)

This study aims to develop two alternate forms for Malay version of Auditory Verbal Learning Test (MAVLT) and to determine their equivalency and practice effect. Ninety healthy volunteers were subjected to the following neuropsychological tests at baseline, and at one month interval according to their assigned group; group 1 (MAVLT - MAVLT), group 2 (MAVLT – Alternate Form 1 - Alternate Form 1), and group 3 (MAVLT - Alternate Form 2 - Alternate Form 2). There were no significant difference in the mean score of all the trials at baseline among the three groups, and most of the mean score of trials between MAVLT and Alternate Form 1, and between MAVLT and Alternate Form 2. There was significant improvement in the mean score of each trial when the same form was used repeatedly at the interval of one month. However, there was no significant improvement in the mean score of each trial when the Alternate Form 2 was used during repeated neuropsychological testing. The MAVLT is a reliable instrument for repeated neuropsychological testing as long as alternate forms are used. The Alternate Form 2 showed better equivalency to MAVLT and less practice effects.
Relationship of Weight Status with Mental and Physical Health in Female Fibromyalgia Patients

Objective: To analyze the association of weight status with anxiety, depression, quality of life and physical fitness in fibromyalgia (FM) patients. Methods: The sample comprised 175 Spanish female FM patients (51.2 ± 7 years). We assessed quality of life by means of the Short-Form-36 Health Survey (SF36) and anxiety and depression by means of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). We used standardized fieldbased fitness tests to assess cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, flexibility, agility, and static and dynamic balance. BMI was calculated and categorized using the international criteria. Results: 33% of the sample was normal-weight, 35% overweight and 33% obese. HADS-anxiety and HADS-depression levels increased across the weight status categories. Obese patients had higher anxiety and depression levels compared to normal-weight patients (p < 0.05) whereas no differences were observed between overweight and obese patients. Physical functioning, bodily pain, general health (all p < 0.01) and mental health (p < 0.05) subscales from the SF36 were worse across the weight status categories. Likewise, levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, dynamic balance/motor agility (both p < 0.05) and upper-body flexibility (p < 0.001) decreased as the weight status increased. Pairwise comparisons showed significant differences mainly between the normal-weight versus obese groups. Conclusion: Obese female FM patients displayed higher levels of anxiety and depression and worse quality of life, cardiorespiratory fitness, dynamic balance/motor agility and upper-body flexibility than their normal-weight peers.
Electroantennogram responses of the oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis, to a spectrum of alcohol and aldehyde plant volatiles

Electroantennograms (EAGs) were recorded from unmated, laboratory‐reared, male and female oriental fruit flies, Dacus dorsalis, in response to a range of between C1 and C12 carbon chain‐length saturated and unaturated aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes, most all of which are known host‐plant volatiles. Only two of the 35 compounds tested elicited significantly larger EAGs from female than male antennae. For the two functional‐group series tested, aldehydes elicited responses greater than or equal to the responses to the alcohols. In general, the unsaturated alcohols did not elicit responses significantly different from the saturated alcohols. However, the unsaturated aldehydes, (E)‐2‐hexenal and 10‐undecenal, elicited larger amplitude EAGs than their saturated analogs. EAGs were significantly greater for a particular carbon chain‐length, with responsiveness to primary alcohols peaking at C6 and aldehydes peaking at C7. The (E)‐2‐ monoenic alcohols peaked at C6, while the (E)‐3‐alcohols plateaued between C5 and C8. The greatest EAG responses of all compounds tested were elicited by the saturated and unsaturated C6 alcohols and aldehydes which are constituents of the “general green‐leaf volatile complex” that emanates from most plants. The potential adapative benefit of selective sensitivity to green‐leaf volatiles is discussed in regards to foraging behaviors of oriental fruit flies.
Assessment of Visual Acuity in Patients with Dementia using Teller Acuity Cards

Abstract Assessing visual acuity in adults or children at an eye exam is generally simple and has become routine procedure in clinical practice. However, depending on severity and stage of clinical evolution, elderly patients with dementia may experience difficulties performing tests of recognition, because these tests depend not only on perception, but also cognition and its response. Testing visual functions in such cases represents a challenge in clinical practice and a task that requires proper skills and methods. Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of objective measurement of visual acuity by behavioral methods using Teller acuity cards in elderly patients with dementia, diagnosed with presumed Alzheimer's disease. Methods: The visual acuity of 20 elderly patients diagnosed with presumed Alzheimer's disease and 24 controls with no cognitive impairment was assessed using the recognition method (Lea symbols) and resolution grating method (Teller acuity cards). Results: The results found for the two methods were statistically well correlated. Conclusion: An alternative method for assessing visual function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, even at early stages, is of utmost relevance not only for monitoring disease progression, but also to quantitatively determine the impact of eye treatments and determine potential visual loss, guiding optical and non-optical strategies for optimal use of residual vision.
Critical currents in neutron irradiated Bi- and Tl-based tapes

Experimental results on the magnetic field behavior, including the angular dependence, of the critical current densities in silver-sheathed tapes are presented. The experiments consist of transport measurements in a wide temperature range and in external magnetic tields up to 6 T. In Bi-2223 enhancements of the transport critical current densites Jc are observed at higher magnetic fields after irradiation with fast neutrons, in particular for H||c. This is attributed to an improvement of the flux pinning capability by the neutron induced defects, but the weak link structure is somewhat damaged as evidenced by the small degradation of Jc at low fields. The angular dependence of Jc demonstrates that the "pinning dominated" angular range is extended from H||c towards H||ab and that the overall anisotropy of Jc decreases. These findings are compared with the behavior of various Tl-1223 tapes prior to and following neuton irradiation.
Why Do the Pit Hours Outlive the Pit?

We study why a majority of trades still happen during the pit hours, i.e. when the trading pit is open, even after the pit ceased to be a liquid and informative venue. We investigate the case of 30-year U.S. Treasury futures using a ten-years-long intraday data set which contains the introduction of the CME Globex platform as an example of sophistication in electronic trading. We use a structural model to estimate the time-variation in potential factors of the clustering of trading activity around the pit hours, namely price informativeness, information asymmetry and price impact of trades. We find evidence for a feedback mechanism between trading activity and these factors. Across the sample period, price informativeness during the afterhours is a consistently significant factor attracting trade activity. Information asymmetry has a negative effect on afterhours act ivity, particularly during the crisis years. The negative effect of price impact on afterhours activity ceases to be a significant factor from 2007 on, possibly due to improvements in order execution algorithms and electronic trading facilities.
STRIATED MUSCULATURE OF BLOOD VESSELS . I Materials and Methods The lungs of young adult white mice ( Princeton strain ) of both sexes were fixed by perfusion through the trachea and through the heart

The musculature of small lung veins, of the thoracic portion of the inferior vena cava, and of other thoracic veins of the mouse have been studied in the electron microscope. Tissues were fixed in 1 per cent osmium tetroxide buffered with veronal, to which either sodium chloride or sucrose had been added. Methacrylate or araldite served as embedding matrices. Phosphotungstic acid or uranyl acetate was used to stain some of the preparations. Thin sections were examined in a Siemens and Halske Elmiskop Ib electron microscope. The entire musculature of the veins examined was of the striated type. It represents a variety of cardiac muscle, characterized by centrally located nuclei, typical mitochondria, and narrow I bands. Many I bands cannot be recognized at all. H and M bands are likewise indistinct. There is a double array of primary and secondary myofilaments. Mitochondria are large and numerous and contain many cristae. The endoplasmic reticulum consists of longitudinal tubules which run through the whole sarcomeres and bypass Z bands, and of transverse tubules which accompany Z bands. Some "triads," located at Z levels, consist of flattened vacuoles flanked by such transverse tubules. Small vesicles located at Z bands, close to the nucleus, and beneath the plasma membrane may represent still other portions of the reticulum.
Prevalence of Obesity and Overweight in 12-14-year-old Students in Isfahan-Iran

Background: Childhood obesity is a worldwide major public health problem in both developed and developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity and overweight in 12-14-year-old students in the city of Isfahan. Methods: This study was conducted among 10,531 girls and 2415 boys aged 12–14 years in the city of Isfahan. Percentage of children in the corresponding body mass index (BMI) categories for overweight and obesity (specified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria percentiles) were assessed, based on preventive plan of inactivity in children and youth of Isfahan province. Results: Findings revealed that prevalence of overweight in children varied by age from 15.3% to 26.9% in boys and 12.9% to 29.9% in girls, and prevalence of obesity varied from 14.8% to 33.7% and 15% to 29.9% in boys and girls, respectively. Percentile norms for BMI of subjects were computed based on sex categories. Conclusions: To conclude, results of the study revealed that subjects have approximately the same percentage of overweight/obesity compared to other children have been studied; however, in comparison to previous studies, a higher rate was witnessed in grade 8 boy students. These situations indicate that there are needs to implement some intervention programs, as well as management policies.
Uniform Pointwise Convergence on Shishkin-Type Meshes for Quasi-Linear Convection-Diffusion Problems

A singularly perturbed quasi-linear two-point boundary value problem with an exponential boundary layer is considered. The problem is discretized using a nonstandard upwinded first-order difference scheme on generalized Shishkin-type meshes. We give a uniform error estimate in a discrete $L_\infty$ norm. Numerical experiments support the theoretical results.
Flexible sensors on polymide fabricated by femtosecond laser for integration in fiber reinforced polymers

Polyimides have been known as a super-engineering plastic for more than 40 years due to their excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties. In recent years they have been recognized as key components for the fabrication of flexible sensing devices such as microsensors, microactuators, batteries and other micro-electro-mechanical systems. In this work, femtosecond laser micromachining of a polyimide (PI) film coated with Au/Cr films has been studied to understand the selective patterning mechanism of Au/Cr and ablation characteristics of the PI film. Once the proper process conditions for cutting of the PI film and removing of the Au/Cr coating without damaging the polymer substrate have been established, we were able to use the found process window to fabricate a very thin sensor on flexible polymer substrate that shows significant potential in using PI-based functional devices suitable for embedding in fiber reinforced polymer materials with minimal impairment of the load transmission path.
Monomer conversion and shrinkage force kinetics of low-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites

Abstract Objective. To investigate the subsurface degree of conversion (DC) and shrinkage force formation of low-viscosity (flowable) bulk-fill composite materials. Materials and methods. Three flowable bulk-fill resin composites [SureFil SDR flow (SDR; Dentsply DeTrey), Venus Bulk Fill (VB; Heraeus Kulzer) and x-tra base (XB; VOCO)] and one conventional flowable control composite material [EsthetX flow (EX; Dentsply DeTrey)] were tested. The materials were photoactivated for 20 s at an irradiance of 1170 mW/cm2 and the DC (n = 5) was recorded at 0.1-, 1.5- and 4-mm depth using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Shrinkage forces (n = 5) of 1.5-mm-thick specimens were continuously recorded for 15 min using a custom-made stress analyzer. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD and Bonferroni’s post-hoc tests (α = 0.05). Results. SDR generated the significantly lowest shrinkage forces (22.9 ± 1.4 N), but also attained the significantly lowest DC at 1.5-mm depth (67.5 ± 0.8%). The conventional flowable composite EX generated the significantly highest shrinkage forces (40.7 ± 0.7 N) and reached a significantly higher DC (74.4 ± 1.3%) compared to SDR and XB at 1.5-mm depth. The shrinkage force values of VB (29.4 ± 1.1 N) and XB (28.3 ± 0.6 N) were similar (p > 0.05). All materials attained significantly higher DC at 4-mm depth than at the near-surface. Conclusion. The tested low-viscosity bulk-fill materials show lower shrinkage force formation than a conventional flowable resin composite at high levels of degree of conversion up to 4-mm incremental thickness.
Infant social attention: an endophenotype of ASD‐related traits?

BACKGROUND As a neurodevelopmental disorder, symptoms of ASD likely emerge from a complex interaction between preexisting genetic vulnerabilities and the child's environment. One way to understand causal paths to ASD is to identify dimensional ASD-related traits that vary in the general population and that predispose individuals with other risk factors toward ASD. Moving beyond behavioral traits to explore underlying neurocognitive processes may further constrain the underlying genetics. Endophenotypes are quantitative, heritable, trait-related differences that are generally assessed with laboratory-based methods, can be identified in the general population, and may be more closely tied to particular causal chains that have a more restricted set of genetic roots. The most fruitful endophenotypes may be those observed in infancy, prior to the emergence of behavioral symptoms that they are hypothesized to cause. Social motivation is an ASD-related trait that is highly heritable. In this study, we investigate whether infant endophenotypes of social attention relate to familial risk for lower social motivation in the general population. METHODS We examined whether infant social attention (measured using habituation, EEG power, and event-related potential tasks previously used in infants/toddlers with ASD) varies quantitatively with parental social motivation in 117 six-month-old and 106 twelve-month-old typically developing infants assessed cross-sectionally. To assess heritable aspects of social motivation, primary caregiver biological parents completed two self-report measures of social avoidance and discomfort that have shown high heritability in previous work. RESULTS Parents with higher social discomfort and avoidance had infants who showed shorter looks to faces but not objects; reduced theta power during naturalistic social attention; and smaller P400 responses to faces versus objects. CONCLUSIONS Early reductions in social attention are continuously related to lower parental social motivation. Alterations in social attention may be infant endophenotypes of social motivation traits related to ASD.
High-performance IIR QMF banks for speech subband coding

In this paper, two high-performance implementations of IIR QMF banks for speech coding are proposed. The first implementation involves a perfect reconstruction (PR) QMF bank while the second is a tree-structured filter bank. In contrast to existing implementations of PR QMF banks, our approach does not require the transmission of initial conditions nor the design of synthesis filters which are more complex than their analysis counterparts. In systems with delay constraints, the tree structured IIR QMF bank can be used; a 4-channel scheme shows a low delay of about 1.9 ms (15 samples) at an 8 kHz sampling rate. No existing FIR QMF banks can achieve this low delay. Moreover, the phase distortion of the low-delay filter bank does not appear to affect the perceptual quality of the processed speech signals. Subjective tests were conducted to evaluate the speech quality. <<ETX>>
Remarks on the Symmetric Rank of Symmetric Tensors

We give sufficient conditions on a symmetric tensor $\mathcal{S}\in\mathrm{S}^d\mathbb{F}^n$ to satisfy the following equality: the symmetric rank of $\mathcal{S}$, denoted as $\mathrm{srank\;}\mathcal{S}$, is equal to the rank of $\mathcal{S}$, denoted as $\mathrm{rank\;}\mathcal{S}$. This is done by considering the rank of the unfolded $\mathcal{S}$ viewed as a matrix $A(\mathcal{S})$. The condition is $\mathrm{rank\;}\mathcal{S}\in\{\mathrm{rank\;}A(\mathcal{S}),\mathrm{rank\;}A(\mathcal{S})+1\}$. In particular, $\mathrm{srank\;}\mathcal{S}=\mathrm{rank\;}\mathcal{S}$ for $\mathcal{S}\in\mathrm{S}^d\mathbb{C}^n$ for the cases $(d,n)\in\{(3,2),(4,2),(3,3)\}$. We discuss the analogues of the above results for border rank and best approximations of symmetric tensors.
Influence of diffuse fibrosis on wave propagation in human ventricular tissue.

AIMS During ageing, after infarction, in cardiomyopathies and other cardiac diseases, the percentage of fibrotic (connective) tissue may increase from 6% up to 10-35%. The presence of increased amounts of connective tissue is strongly correlated with the occurrence of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. METHODS AND RESULTS In this article, we investigate the role of diffuse fibrosis on wave propagation, arrhythmogenesis, and arrhythmia mechanism in human ventricular tissue using computer modelling. We show that diffuse fibrosis slows down wave propagation and increases tissue vulnerability to wave break and spiral wave formation. We also demonstrate that diffuse fibrosis increases the period of re-entrant arrhythmias and can suppress the restitution-induced transition from tachycardia to fibrillation. CONCLUSION The latter suggests that mechanisms different from restitution-induced spiral break-up might be more likely to account for the onset of fibrillation in the presence of large amounts of diffuse fibrotic tissue.
Comparison of transverse and vertical skin incision for emergency cesarean delivery.

To the Editor: I read with interest the article comparing incision-to-delivery intervals between transverse and vertical skin incision for emergency cesarean delivery by Wylie et al.1 I agree with the conclusion that neonatal delivery occurred more quickly after a vertical skin incision; however, other controlling factors, such as adhesions at repeat cesarean delivery, were omitted from their study. For example, Morales et al2 report that a high incidence of pelvic adhesive disease after cesarean delivery is associated with the difficulty of performing repeat cesarean deliveries. At my hospital, the average incision-to-delivery interval by transverse incision at nonurgent repeat cesarean delivery (7.8 2.2 minutes, n 151) was longer than that by vertical incision (6.3 2.1 minute, n 234, P .001 by the Student’s t test) between 2008 and 2009. However, the average incision-to-delivery interval by vertical incision for cases with severe adhesions was 14.3 2.3 minutes (n 9), which was longer than that by transverse incision for cases without severe adhesions (7.6 2.0 minutes, n 148, P .001). There were no cases with intraoperative injury. Although the incidence of severe postcesarean delivery adhesions may be low (3.1% of the all cases; 12/385), the presence of adhesions seems to be a more important factor associated with the delayed incision-to-delivery interval at repeat cesarean delivery than does skin-incision type.
NONSMOOTH CALCULUS

We survey recent advances in analysis and geometry, where first order differential analysis has been extended beyond its classical smooth settings. Such studies have applications to geometric rigidity questions, but are also of intrinsic interest. The transition from smooth spaces to singular spaces where calculus is possible parallels the classical development from smooth functions to functions with weak or generalized derivatives. Moreover, there is a new way of looking at the classical geometric theory of Sobolev functions that is useful in more general contexts.