Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards an Understanding of the Antecedents of Influence in Virtual Communities

Analysis of online social network traffic can identify a cascade as it flows through a community but, often, the reasons for its initiation are tacit. Commercial measures of online influence focus on the consequences of influence not the causes and have been criticized as lacking efficacy. This research uses social capital and personal influence theories to investigate the characteristics and behaviours that allow certain network nodes to be able to cascade ideas (or memes) through networks. The relationships between structural, relational and cognitive sources of social capital and two distinct dimensions of influence are investigated using: interviews with experts in the field, focus groups of social network users and 1,970 respondents from three large-scale online communities. Data has been analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and allows the researcher to develop robust conclusions on the antecedents to influence. These help to explain recent contradictory findings by different researchers in studies using Social Network Analysis (SNA). The dimensions of influence measured are: respondents’ intention to propagate the message and; the extent to which the message has affected their perception of the subject. The model of influence that leads to both dimensions is strikingly similar; presenting strong support for the notion that contagion-based cascades through networks are predictors of perception change. The paper proposes a bridge between the theories of social capital and personal influence and this is considered an original contribution to these well-established theories. Techniques are suggested which can help organisations to identify opinion-leaders and, if required, subvert or redirect the nature of their influence. Other applications are considered in the fields of: Innovation (identification of lead users); Virtual Organisations (engaging with informal leaders and influencers in networks); Cyber- Defence (identification and subversion of online radicalisation).
Synaptic GABAergic and glutamatergic mechanisms underlying alcohol sensitivity in mouse hippocampal neurons

This study was designed to examine the neuronal mechanisms of ethanol sensitivity by utilizing inbred short sleep (ISS) and inbred long sleep (ILS) mouse strains that display large differences in sensitivity to the behavioural effects of ethanol. Comparisons of whole‐cell electrophysiological recordings from CA1 pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slices of ISS and ILS mice indicate that ethanol enhances GABAA receptor‐mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents (GABAA IPSCs) and reduces NMDA receptor‐mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (NMDA EPSCs) in a concentration‐ and strain‐dependent manner. In ILS neurons, these receptor systems are significantly more sensitive to ethanol than those in ISS neurons. To further examine the underlying mechanisms of differential ethanol sensitivities in these mice, GABAB activity and presynaptic and postsynaptic actions of ethanol were investigated. Inhibition of GABAB receptor function enhances ethanol‐mediated potentiation of distal GABAA IPSCs in ILS but not ISS mice, and this blockade of GABAB receptor function has no effect on the action of ethanol on NMDA EPSCs in either mouse strain. Thus, subregional differences in GABAB activity may contribute to the differential ethanol sensitivity of ISS and ILS mice. Moreover, analysis of the effects of ethanol on paired‐pulse stimulation, spontaneous IPSC events, and brief local GABA or glutamate application suggest that postsynaptic rather than presynaptic mechanisms underlie the differential ethanol sensitivity of these mice. Furthermore, these results provide essential information to focus better on appropriate target sites for more effective drug development for the treatment of alcohol abuse.
Stressors and rearing diseases of Trichoplusia ni: evidence of vertical transmission of NPV and CPV.

Inability to consistently rear healthy Trichoplusia ni led to a study of its rearing diseases. Four diseases were designated after preliminary research which included electron microscopy: cytoplasmic polyhedrosis (due to cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus, or CPV), nuclear polyhedrosis (due to nucleopolyhedrovirus, or NPV), "neonate death" syndrome (mortality in first or second instars), and "late-instar" syndrome (death in late instars accompanied by bacterial decomposition). Infectious agents were not detected by electron microscopy in insects with the latter two diseases. Prevalence of CPV and NPV, but not the neonate-death or late-instar diseases, in progeny was significantly associated with pairs of mating adults. In conjunction with egg-surface decontamination, this indicated that both viruses may be transmitted transovarially. Pupae killed by CPV had virions in the cytoplasm of infected cells, but polyhedra were empty, not occluding virions. None of the diseases had a consistent pattern of prevalence associated with the date on which eggs were laid after oviposition began. Prevalence rates of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis, nuclear polyhedrosis, and the late-instar disease were significantly greater at 95-100% relative humidity (RH) than at RH levels of 75% or below. These same three diseases killed significantly more insects in crowded rearing conditions (four or five larvae per cup with 10.2-cm(2) diet surface) than in uncrowded conditions (one to three larvae per cup). As a result of these experiments, healthy T. ni have been reared for 10 generations by use of a modified Pasteur method and rearing cups containing no more than two larvae.
Advanced control of a water supply system: a case study

Conventional automatic production flow control and pump pressure control of water supply systems are robust and simple: production flow is controlled based on the level in the clear water reservoir and pump pressure is controlled on a static set-point. Recently, more advanced computer-based control methods were developed in which production flow is controlled by using a short-term water demand forecasting model and pressure is controlled by a dynamic pressure control module. To assess the differences between conventional and advanced control, we examined operational data of water treatment plantGruszczyn that supplies drinking water to a part of the city of Poznan, Poland. We compared two periods of three weeks of conventional and advanced control. The comparison showed that with advanced control the variation in the production flow was 83% lower, and the pump pressure of the clear water pumps was 29% lower. The lower pressure resulted in 20% less background leakage and the overall system's energy costs were 11.5% lower.
“I would like to thank my supervisor”. Acknowledgements in graduate dissertations

While acknowledgements have been largely neglected in the EAP literature, they are almost universal in dissertation writing, where they offer students a unique rhetorical space to convey their genuine gratitude for assistance and to promote a favourable social and scholarly character. This article explores the importance of this genre and examines the generic structure and linguistic patterns used to express thanks. The study is based on analyses of the acknowledgements accompanying 240 Masters and PhD dissertations in six academic disciplines written by students at five Hong Kong universities, and on interviews with postgraduate writers. The results confirm the importance of this genre, with around 90% of the texts containing this section and some 1400 separate acts of acknowledgement. Genre patterns reveal a three-move structure sub-divided into a number of steps realised by a relatively restricted range of lexico-grammatical patterns. The analysis also shows that PhD students, particularly those in the “soft” sciences, tended to construct generically more complex acknowledgements with a greater variety of patterns. It is argued that the unexamined nature of acknowledgements may disadvantage non-native writers, and the authors suggest that EAP teachers assist their students by raising their awareness of the ways they can structure their acknowledgements to promote a competent academic identity.
Estimation of Dynamic Assignment Matrices and OD Demands Using Adaptive Kalman Filtering

The purpose of this research was to develop a dynamic model for the on-line estimation and prediction of freeway users’ origin-destination (OD) matrices. In this paper, we present a Kalman Filtering algorithm that uses time-varying assignment matrices generated by using a mesoscopic traffic simulator. The use of a traffic simulator to predict time-varying travel time model parameters was shown to be promising for the determination of dynamic OD matrices for a freeway system. Moreover, the issues of using time-varying model parameters, effects of incorporating different sources of measurements and the use of adaptive estimation are addressed and investigated in this research.
Validity of Exercise Measures in Adults with Anorexia Nervosa: The EDE, Compulsive Exercise Test and Other Self‐Report Scales

OBJECTIVE Compulsive exercise is a prominent feature for the majority of patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN), but there is a dearth of research evaluating assessment instruments. This study assessed the concurrent validity of the exercise items of the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) and Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q), with the Compulsive Exercise Test (CET) and other self-report exercise measures in patients with AN. We also aimed to perform validation of the CET in an adult clinical sample. METHODS The sample consisted of 78 adults with AN, recruited for the randomized controlled trial "Taking a LEAP forward in the treatment of anorexia nervosa. " At baseline, participants completed the EDE, EDE-Q, CET, Reasons for Exercise Inventory (REI), Commitment to Exercise Scale (CES) and Exercise Beliefs Questionnaire (EBQ). Correlational and regression analyses were performed. RESULTS EDE exercise days and exercise time per day were positively correlated with each other and with all CET subscales (except Lack of exercise enjoyment), CES mean, EBQ total and REI total. Exercise time per day was associated with a higher EDE global score. The CET demonstrated good concurrent validity with the CES, the REI and the EBQ. Of the self-reports, the CET explained the greatest variance in eating disorder psychopathology and demonstrated good to excellent reliability in this sample. DISCUSSION The EDE and EDE-Q demonstrated good concurrent validity with the CET. Further research is required to evaluate the CET's factor structure in a large clinical sample. However, the CET has demonstrated strong clinical utility in adult patients with AN. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:533-541).
Identifying the Antecedent in the Relation Between Career Interests and Self-Efficacy: Is It One, the Other, or Both?

Social– cognitive career theory (R. W. Lent, S. D. Brown, & G. Hackett, 1994) postulates that changes in self-efficacy precede changes in interests, but the cross-sectional nature of most research has precluded the examination of temporal precedence in the relation between these variables. The authors assessed college students’ career interests and self-efficacy at 3 separate times over the course of an academic year and examined the temporal nature of the relationship using a cross-lagged panel design. Structural equation modeling with observed variables generally revealed a reciprocal relationship between the 2 constructs over time, but the temporal precedence was inconsistent across time periods. The authors discuss these results in the context of A. Bandura’s (1986) self-efficacy theory and provide recommendations for theory refinement and career counseling practice.
Research on Writing Samples from the Perspective of Metadiscourse.

Writing, as an advanced model of output, not only conveys the subject but also realizes the communication between readers and writers. Metadiscourse can help writers arrange and organize the discourse to influence readers’ understanding of the text and their attitude towards its content. Taking writing samples of College English Test Band 4 (CET-4) as corpus, the research aims to explore the use of metadiscoure markers in high score writing group (HG) and low score writing group (LG). The research questions to be addressed in the study are as follows: 1) What are the similarities and differences between the two groups in the quantity and the types of metadiscourse markers? 2) What are the similarities and differences between the two groups in choosing metadiscourse markers? 3) What’s the overall distribution of the inappropriately used metadiscourse markers in two groups? The research results show that there is a positive relation between proper use of metadiscourse markers and writing quality. This paper puts forward the strategies of improving the students' ability in the proper use of metadiscourse markers in English writing teaching.
Justice Sensitivity and the Processing of Justice–Related Information

We investigated how Justice Sensitivity (JS) shapes the processing of justice–related information. We proposed that due to frequently perceiving and ruminating about injustices, persons high in JS develop highly accessible and differentiated injustice concepts that shape attention, interpretation and memory for justice–related information. Three studies provided evidence for these assumptions. After witnessing injustice, persons high in JS attended more strongly to unjust stimuli than to negative control stimuli (Study1) and interpreted an ambiguous situation as less just than persons low in JS (Study2). Finally, they displayed a memory advantage for unjust information (Study3). Results suggest that JS involves the availability and accessibility of injustice concepts as parameters of cognitive functioning and offer explanations for effects of JS on justice–related behaviour. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
INFLUENTIAL LITERATURE IN APPLIED SPORTS BIOMECHANICS

This study documented the perception of prestige of applied sports biomechanics journals, as well as influential articles and books. Recent ISBS members were surveyed to rate the quality/prestige of 35 journals. Descriptive statistics of ratings were calculated for respondents and correlated with the 2008 impact factor (IF) reported in the Journal Citation Reports. Mean ratings showed that international perception of influential journals were weakly (r = 0.48) correlated with the IF. These results confirm previous studies that the IF is a poor index for evaluating the influence of journals publishing applied sports biomechanics research, and there was considerable diversity among the respondent’s nominations of the most influential books and articles in the field.
In vivo 1H NMR spectroscopy of rat brain at 1 ms echo time

Using optimized, asymmetric radiofrequency (RF) pulses for slice selection, the authors demonstrate that stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) localization with ultra‐short echo time (1 ms) is possible. Water suppression was designed to minimize sensitivity to B1 inhomogeneity using a combination of 7 variable power RF pulses with optimized relaxation delays (VAPOR). Residual water signal was well below the level of most observable metabolites. Contamination by the signals arising from outside the volume of interest was minimized by outer volume saturation using a series of hyperbolic secant RF pulses, resulting in a sharp volume definition. In conjunction with FASTMAP shimming (Gruetter Magn Reson Med 1993;29:804–811), the short echo time of 1 msec resulted in highly resolved in vivo 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. In rat brain the water linewidths of 11–13 Hz and metabolite singlet linewidths of 8–10 Hz were measured in 65 μl volumes. Very broad intense signals (Δν1/2 > 1 kHz), as expected from membranes, for example, were not observed, suggesting that their proton T2 are well below 1 msec. The entire chemical shift range of 1H spectrum was observable, including resolved resonances from alanine, aspartate, choline group, creatine, GABA, glucose, glutamate, glutamine, myo‐inositol, lactate, N‐acetylaspartate, N‐acetylaspartylglutamate, phosphocreatine, and taurine. At 9.4 T, peaks close to the water were observed, including the H‐1 of α‐D‐glucose at 5.23 ppm and a tentative H‐1 resonance of glycogen at 5.35 ppm. Magn Reson Med 41:649–656, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vaginal Native Tissue Repair for Posterior Compartment Prolapse: Long-Term Analysis of Sexual Function and Quality of Life in 151 Patients

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of vaginal native tissue repair for symptomatic rectocele and to evaluate the impact on quality of life (QoL) and sexual function. Methods One hundred fifty-one patients affected by rectocele stage II or higher according to the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System were enrolled. Patients underwent vaginal native tissue repair. Postoperative assessments consisted in a clinical examination and assessment of posterior compartment symptoms and defecatory dysfunctions. These were conducted 1, 12, and 60 months after surgery. Patients completed the Prolapse Quality-of-Life questionnaire, the Pelvic Floor Disability Index, the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire, and the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire short form. Results The median follow-up was 64 (60–72) months. The median operative time was 55 (37–127) minutes, and the median postoperative hospital stay was 2 (2–4) days. No intraoperative complications occurred. At median follow-up, an objective cure rate of 88.2% was observed. Seventeen patients (11.3%) showed recurrent posterior vaginal descent stage II or higher. Defecatory dysfunctions, vaginal digitation, and vaginal bulge decreased significantly. The change of values of the Prolapse Quality-of-Life, Pelvic Floor Disability Index, and Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire questionnaires has shown a significant improvement in the QoL after surgery. The percentage of patients regularly practicing sexual activity increased, and dyspareunia decreased after treatment. Conclusions Vaginal native tissue repair is a safe and effective procedure for symptomatic rectocele, with a low rate of complications, and improves pelvic organ prolapse–related symptoms, QoL, and sexual function.
Mortality incidence estimation using federal death certificate and natality data with an application to Tay–Sachs disease

For confidentiality reasons, US federal death certificate data are incomplete with regards to the dates of birth and death for the decedents, making calculation of total lifetime of a decedent impossible and thus estimation of mortality incidence difficult. This paper proposes the use of natality data and an imputation‐based method to estimate age‐specific mortality incidence rates in the face of this missing information. By utilizing previously determined probabilities of birth, a birth date and death date are imputed for every decedent in the dataset. Thus, the birth cohort of each individual is imputed, and the total on‐study time can be calculated. This idea is implemented in two approaches for estimation of mortality incidence rates. The first is an extension of a person‐time approach, while the second is an extension of a life table approach. Monte Carlo simulations showed that both approaches perform well in comparison to the ideal complete data methods, but that the person‐time method is preferred. An application to Tay–Sachs disease is demonstrated. It is concluded that the imputation methods proposed provide valid estimates of the incidence of death from death certificate data without the need for additional assumptions under which usual mortality rates provide valid estimates.
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Dislocated Condylar Fractures in Children: Long-Term Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes

The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term clinical and radiologic outcomes of treating dislocated condylar fractures sustained in childhood with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Six children 14 years or younger with a condylar neck or subcondylar fracture with dislocation of the condyle from the glenoid fossa were treated with ORIF. Patients were followed for 27 to 92 months post-ORIF (mean: 67.6 months) with routine clinical and radiologic examinations. On the dislocated side, all patients radiographically showed signs of remodeling of the condylar process and shortening of the ramus. Subsequent to their fractures, 3 patients were classified with Angle class II malocclusion, retrognathism, and deviation of the mandibular symphysis. Four patients had objective and/or subjective signs of temporomandibular (TMJ) dysfunction. Until open surgery demonstrates a consistent functional advantage, nonsurgical management should be considered the first treatment option for the dislocated pediatric condylar fracture.
Trend Analyses of Four Large-Scale Surveys of High School Drug Use 1977–1986

The purpose of this study was to analyze the trends for almost a decade of self report drug survey data collected from high school students. Four large-scale surveys were conducted at three-year intervals beginning in 1977. The four cohort samples consisted of eleventh grade students from area high schools in Northeast Ohio. Frequency of usage, reason for taking drugs, and perceived harmfulness of fourteen categories of drugs are presented. Sex differences in drug use and perceived harmfulness are reported. The most recent survey questionnaire in 1986 also included several questions about smokeless tobacco use. It is important for researchers to be continuously vigilant in the assessment of the drug abuse problem since intervention and prevention strategies follow closely the sociodynamics of age, sex, knowledge of health risk factors, type of drug being used, and reason for taking drugs. The collection of trend data is essential in providing “benchmark” guides for the interpretation of single survey results [1]. Wolford and Swisher have indicated that knowledge of trends is useful in planning and developing drug programs [2].
Does intrauterine injection of low-molecular-weight heparin improve the clinical pregnancy rate in intracytoplasmic sperm injection?

Objective Heparin can modulate proteins, and influence processes involved in implantation and trophoblastic development. This study aimed to assess the improvement of clinical pregnancy and implantation rates after local intrauterine injection of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Methods A randomised case/control design was followed in women scheduled for ICSI. The study arm was injected with intrauterine LMWH during mock embryo transfer immediately following the ovum pickup procedure, while the control arm was given an intrauterine injection with a similar volume of tissue culture media. Side effects, the clinical pregnancy rate, and the implantation rate were recorded. Results The pregnancy rate was acceptable (33.9%) in the LMWH arm with no significant reported side effects, confirming the safety of the intervention. No statistically significant differences were found in the clinical pregnancy and implantation rates between both groups (p=0.182 and p=0.096, respectively). The odds ratio of being pregnant after intrauterine injection with LMWH compared to the control group was 0.572 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27−1.22), while the risk ratio was 0.717 (95% CI, 0.46−1.13; p=0.146). No statistical significance was found between the two groups in other factors affecting implantation, such as day of transfer (p=0.726), number of embryos transferred (p=0.362), or embryo quality. Conclusion Intrauterine injection of LMWH is a safe intervention, but the dose used in this study failed to improve the outcome of ICSI. Based on its safety, further research involving modification of the dosage and/or the timing of administration could result in improved ICSI success rates.