Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do Procedural Justice Perceptions in a Selection Testing Context Predict Applicant Attraction and Intention Toward the Organization ?

This study examines the effects of procedural justice perceptions on outcomes in an actual selection context with applicants taking a general mental ability test to gain employment as utility meter readers. Applicant attraction and intention related to the organization were measured at 3 time periods. This allowed us to control for initial levels of outcome variables and the pass–fail result when assessing procedural justice effects. Procedural justice perceptions modestly predicted organizational attractiveness and intention prior to pass– fail feedback. However, the procedural justice effects on these outcomes were diminished after controlling for the pass–fail result. Either changes in R2 or regression coefficients associated with procedural justice perceptions failed to achieve significance for all outcomes. We discuss the implications of these findings for procedural justice research and for employment managers.
Effect of Stimulus Intensity on the Spike–Local Field Potential Relationship in the Secondary Somatosensory Cortex

Neuronal oscillations in the gamma frequency range have been reported in many cortical areas, but the role they play in cortical processing remains unclear. We tested a recently proposed hypothesis that the intensity of sensory input is coded in the timing of action potentials relative to the phase of gamma oscillations, thus converting amplitude information to a temporal code. We recorded spikes and local field potential (LFP) from secondary somatosensory (SII) cortex in awake monkeys while presenting a vibratory stimulus at different amplitudes. We developed a novel technique based on matching pursuit to study the interaction between the highly transient gamma oscillations and spikes with high time–frequency resolution. We found that spikes were weakly coupled to LFP oscillations in the gamma frequency range (40–80 Hz), and strongly coupled to oscillations in higher gamma frequencies. However, the phase relationship of neither low-gamma nor high-gamma oscillations changed with stimulus intensity, even with a 10-fold increase. We conclude that, in SII, gamma oscillations are synchronized with spikes, but their phase does not vary with stimulus intensity. Furthermore, high-gamma oscillations (>60 Hz) appear to be closely linked to the occurrence of action potentials, suggesting that LFP high-gamma power could be a sensitive index of the population firing rate near the microelectrode.
Fan translation of games, anime, and fanfiction

This research has been partly funded by the postdoctoral grant Videogames as an academic and vernacular literacy practice (ED481B-2017/007, Government of Galicia, Spain) and by the research projects ICUDEL (EDU2014-57677-C2-1-R, Ministry of Economy, Spain) and Fandom in Spain (3rd call, Queen Sophia Center for Youth and Adolescence, Spain).
Toward Sustainability: Novelties, Areas of Learning and Innovation in Urban Agriculture

Given the search for new solutions to better prepare cities for the future, in recent years, urban agriculture (UA) has gained in relevance. Within the context of UA, innovative organizational and technical approaches are generated and tested. They can be understood as novelties that begin a potential innovation process. This empirical study is based on 17 qualitative interviews in the U.S. (NYC; Philadelphia, PA, USA; Chicago, IL, USA). The aim was to identify: (i) the most relevant areas of learning and innovation; (ii) the drivers of innovation; (iii) the applied novelties and their specific approach to overcoming the perceived obstacles; (iv) the intrinsic challenges that practitioners face in the innovation process; and (v) the novelties’ potential to contribute to sustainability and societal change. As the results of the study demonstrate, learning and innovation in UA occur predominantly in four areas, namely, “financing and funding”, “production, technology and infrastructure”, “markets and demands” and “social acceptance and cultural learning”. The described novelties include approaches to enhance the positive impacts of practicing agriculture within urban areas, and some of them have the potential to contribute to societal change and open up opportunities for social learning processes.
Striatum-Centered Fiber Connectivity Is Associated with the Personality Trait of Cooperativeness

Cooperativeness is an essential behavioral trait evolved to facilitate group living. Social and cognitive mechanisms involved in cooperation (e.g., motivation, reward encoding, action evaluation, and executive functions) are sub-served by the striatal-projected circuits, whose physical existence has been confirmed by animal studies, human postmortem studies, and in vivo human brain studies. The current study investigated the associations between Cooperativeness and fiber connectivities from the striatum to nine subcortical and cortical regions, including the amygdala, hippocampus, medial orbitofrontal cortex, lateral orbitofrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex/retrosplenial cortex, dorsal cingulate cortex, and rostral cingulate cortex. Results showed that Cooperativeness was negatively correlated with fiber connectivity for the cognitive control system (from the dorsal caudate to the rostral cingulate cortex and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex), but not with fiber connectivity for the social cognitive system (e.g., connectivity with the medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala). These results partially supported Declerck et al.’s (2013) cognitive neural model of the role of cognitive control and social cognition in cooperation.
Suicide among Guyanese youth: Barriers to mental health help-seeking and recommendations for suicide prevention

ABSTRACT The current study sought to better understand barriers to mental health help-seeking for suicide, as well as elicit input on recommendations for suicide prevention and intervention efforts for Guyanese youth. Participants included 17 adult stakeholders (i.e., teachers, administrative staff, and school-allied community workers) and 40 students at a secondary school in Guyana who participated in focus groups and interviews, respectively. Data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Themes related to perceptions of barriers to mental health help-seeking included shame and stigma about mental illness, fear of negative parental response to mental health help-seeking, and limited awareness and negative beliefs about mental health services. Themes related to recommendations for adolescent suicide prevention in Guyana included the need for culturally informed prevention efforts, the importance of integrating such efforts within schools, and the role of government and community organization in suicide prevention efforts. Findings have implications for the development and tailoring of suicide prevention efforts for Guyanese youth.
Reconstitution of mutant V2 vasopressin receptors by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer. Molecular basis and clinical implication.

Recent studies with transfected COS-7 cells have shown that functionally inactive mutant V2 vasopressin receptors (occurring in patients with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) can be functionally rescued by coexpression of a carboxy-terminal V2 receptor fragment (V2-tail) spanning the region where various mutations occur [Schöneberg, T. , J. Yun, D. Wenkert, and J. Wess. 1996. EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J. 15:1283-1291]. In this study, we set out to characterize the underlying molecular mechanism. Using a coimmunoprecipitation strategy and a newly developed sandwich ELISA system, a direct and highly specific interaction between the mutant V2 vasopressin receptor proteins and the V2-tail polypeptide was demonstrated. To study the potential therapeutic usefulness of these findings, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines stably expressing low levels of functionally inactive mutant V2 vasopressin receptors were created and infected with a recombinant adenovirus carrying the V2-tail gene fragment. After adenovirus infection, vasopressin gained the ability to stimulate cAMP formation with high potency and efficacy in all CHO cell clones studied. Moreover, adenovirus-mediated gene transfer also proved to be a highly efficient method for achieving expression of the V2-tail fragment (as well as the wild-type V2 receptor) in Madin-Darby canine kidney tubular cells. Taken together, these studies clarify the molecular mechanisms by which receptor fragments can restore function of mutationally inactivated G protein-coupled receptors and suggest that adenovirus-mediated expression of receptor fragments may lead to novel strategies for the treatment of a variety of human diseases.
Precise and Fuzzy Coding by Olfactory Sensory Neurons

The exact nature of the olfactory signals that arrive in the brain from the periphery, and their reproducibility, remain essentially unknown. In most organisms, the sheer number of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) makes it impossible to measure the individual responses of the entire population. We measured the individual in situ electrophysiological activity of OSNs in Drosophila larvae, in response to stimulation with 10 aliphatic odors (alcohols and esters). We studied control larvae (a total of 296 OSNs) and larvae with a single functional OSN, created using the Gal4-upstream activator sequence system. Most OSNs showed consistent, precise responses (either excitation or inhibition) in response to a given odor. Some OSNs also showed qualitatively variable responses (“fuzzy coding”). This robust variability was an intrinsic property of these neurons: it was not attributable to odor type, concentration, stimulus duration, genotype, or interindividual differences, and was seen in control larvae and in larvae with one and two functional OSNs. We conclude that in Drosophila larvae the peripheral code combines precise coding with fuzzy, stochastic responses in which neurons show qualitative variability in their responses to a given odor. We hypothesize that fuzzy coding occurs in other organisms, is translated into differing degrees of activation of the glomeruli, and forms a key component of response variability in the first stages of olfactory processing.
Time course of myogenic and metabolic gene expression in response to acute exercise in human skeletal muscle.

The aim of this study was to examine the time course activation of select myogenic (MRF4, Myf5, MyoD, myogenin) and metabolic (CD36, CPT1, HKII, and PDK4) genes after an acute bout of resistance (RE) or run (Run) exercise. Six RE subjects [25 +/- 4 yr (mean +/- SD), 74 +/- 14 kg, 1.71 +/- 0.11 m] and six Run subjects (25 +/- 4 yr, 72 +/- 5 kg, 1.81 +/- 0.07 m, 63 +/- 8 ml.kg(-1). min(-1)) were studied. Eight muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis (RE) and gastrocnemius (Run) before, immediately after, and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after exercise. RE increased mRNA of MRF4 (3.7- to 4.5-fold 2-4 h post), MyoD (5.8-fold 8 h post), myogenin (2.6- and 3.5-fold 8-12 h post), HKII (3.6- to 10.5-fold 2-12 h post), and PDK4 (14- to 26-fold 2-8 h post). There were no differences in Myf5, CD36, and CPT1 mRNA levels 0-24 h post-RE. Run increased mRNA of MyoD (5.0- to 8.0-fold), HKII (12- to 16-fold), and PDK4 (32- to 52-fold) at 8-12 h postexercise. There were no differences in MRF4, Myf5, myogenin, CD36 and CPT1 mRNA levels 0-24 h post-Run. These data indicate a myogenic and metabolic gene induction with RE and Run exercise. The timing of the gene induction is variable and generally peaks 4-8 h postexercise with all gene expression not significantly different from the preexercise levels by 24 h postexercise. These data provide basic information for the timing of human muscle biopsy samples for gene-expression studies involving exercise.
Surface charge of polyoxometalates modulates polymerization of the scrapie prion protein

Prions are composed solely of an alternatively folded isoform of the prion protein (PrP), designated PrPSc. N-terminally truncated PrPSc, denoted PrP 27–30, retains infectivity and polymerizes into rods with the ultrastructural and tinctorial properties of amyloid. We report here that some polyoxometalates (POMs) favor polymerization of PrP 27-30 into prion rods, whereas other POMs promote assembly of the protein into 2D crystals. Antibodies reacting with epitopes in denatured PrP 27-30 also bound to 2D crystals treated with 3 M urea. These same antibodies did not bind to either native PrPSc or untreated 2D crystals. By using small, spherical POMs with Keggin-type structures, the central heteroatom was found to determine whether prion rods or 2D crystals were preferentially formed. An example of a Keggin-type POM with a phosphorous heteroatom is the phosphotungstate anion (PTA). Both PTA and a Keggin-type POM with a silicon heteratom have low-charge densities and favor formation of prion rods. In contrast, POMs with boron or hydrogen heteroatoms exhibiting higher negative charges encouraged 2D crystal formation. The 2D crystals of PrP 27-30 produced by selective precipitation with POMs were larger and more well ordered than those obtained by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Our findings argue that the negative charge of Keggin-type POMs determines the quaternary structure adopted by PrP 27-30. The mechanism by which POMs function in competing prion polymerization pathways—one favoring 2D crystals and the other, amyloid fibrils—remains to be established.
A Theoretical Analysis on Bone Drilling Temperature Field of Superhard Drill

To overcome strong drilling force and over high temperature during orthopedic surgery, the four medical drills with different geometrical shapes by using superhard materials were designed. The bone drilling temperature field of superhard drill was theoretical analyzed. Results showed that brazed step drill has the most ideal drilling temperature. It controls the maximum bone temperature below 47°C even under dry drilling. The maximum bone temperature of brazed twist drill is a little higher than 47°C. With appropriate cooling method, brazed twist drill also could provide ideal effect. On the contrary, drilling temperatures of common twist drill, brazed abrasive drill and brazed PCBN superhard drill increase successively. All of them are far higher than the critical temperature of osteonecrosis. The maximum temperatures of brazed step drill, brazed twist drill, common twist drill, brazed abrasive drill and brazed PCBN superhard drill under steady state at about 45.9°C, 61.5°C, 70.5°C, 101.2°C and 113.2°C, respectively. Brazed step drill shows the lowest drilling temperature, followed by brazed twist drill, standard twist drill, brazed abrasive drill and brazed PCBN superhard drill successively.
The Effects of First-Generation Status on Student Engagement and Outcomes at Liberal Arts Colleges

Abstract:Using data from the Higher Education Data Sharing Consortium (HEDS) Senior Survey, I compared first-generation students’ self-reported levels of engagement and outcomes with those of continuing-generation students at 16 private liberal arts colleges (N = 7,611). Membership in the first-generation group demonstrated significant, positive main effects on interactions with diversity, satisfaction with career services, and institutional preparation for career path. On a few variables, significant factor interactions were found between first-generation status and gender and first-generation status and race/ethnicity; no particular first-generation subgroup by gender or race/ethnicity appears to be systematically disadvantaged or advantaged relative to the continuing-generation peer subgroup.
How Much Do the Affective Factors Contribute to Writing Performance?: A Path Analysis Study of Chained Predictors

ABSTRAK Affective aspects are considered as one of the most influencing factor in learning foreign language. The aim of this study is to figure the model of affective aspects as factors in predicting writing performance of the EFL college students. The sample of this study consists of 134 students of English Department, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim. The result of this study confirms that writing anxiety, writing self-efficacy, and writing attitude contribute to and writing performance (39.2%). Also, their attitude towards writing is more likely influenced by how they perceived their self-efficacy towards writing activities rather that their anxiety (12.5%). This findings reveals that self-efficacy and attitudes matter in doing writing tasks and students who have a low level of attitudes are caused by how they perceive their own self-efficacy. Writing anxiety level is not the most predictive factor in determining students’ writing performance.
Risk Factors for Premenopausal Breast Cancer in Bangladesh

Background. The incidence of premenopausal breast cancer is rising throughout South Asia. Our objective was to determine the role of risk factors associated with Westernization for premenopausal breast cancer in Bangladesh. Methods. We conducted a matched case-control study between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2010, at four hospitals in Bangladesh. Cases were premenopausal women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. Controls were premenopausal women with no personal history of breast cancer. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (OR) for breast cancer. Results. We identified 129 age-matched pairs. The mean age of breast cancer diagnosis was 37.5 years. Each year decrease in the age of menarche significantly increased the risk of breast cancer (OR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.09–2.56, P = 0.02). The risk was also increased with a current body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2 (OR = 5.24, 95% CI 1.10–24.9, P = 0.04). Age at first childbirth, parity, and breastfeeding were not significantly associated with premenopausal breast cancer risk (P > 0.05). Conclusions. Age at menarche and adult weight gain were associated with premenopausal breast cancer risk. Other factors associated with Westernization may not be relevant to premenopausal breast cancer risk in Bangladesh.
Public Infrastructure and Economic Growth in Pakistan: A Dynamic CGE-Microsimulation Analysis

The role of infrastructure in economic growth and welfare has been studied extensively across the literature over the past three decades. We use a dynamic CGE model linked to a microsimulation model to estimate the macro-micro impact of public infrastructure investment. Two approaches to public investment are considered in our simulations. In the first, production taxes finance the additional public infrastructure investment and in the second, foreign borrowing provides resources. Our results reveal that public infrastructure investments have the same direction of impact whether funded by taxation or international borrowing, particularly when looking at macroeconomic gains and poverty reduction in the long run. However, in the very short run, tax financing puts a strain on output in the industrial sector and thus reduces economic growth in the short run. The financing from international borrowing has a Dutch disease-like impact in the short run, as indicated by a decline in exports.
Approximating the minimum degree spanning tree to within one from the optimal degree

We consider the problem of constructing a spanning tree for a graph G = (V,E) with n vertices whose maximal degree is the smallest among all spanning trees of G. This problem is easily shown to be NP-hard. We describe an iterative polynomial time approximation algorithm for this problem. This algorithm computes a spanning tree whose maximal degree is at most O(Δ + log n), where Δ is the degree of some optimal tree. The result is generalized to the case where only some vertices need to be connected (Steiner case) and to the case of directed graphs. It is then shown that our algorithm can be refined to produce a spanning tree of degree at most Δ + 1. Unless P = NP, this is the best bound achievable in polynomial time.
Evaluation of Intestinal Phosphate Binding to Improve the Safety Profile of Oral Sodium Phosphate Bowel Cleansing

Prior to colonoscopy, bowel cleansing is performed for which frequently oral sodium phosphate (OSP) is used. OSP results in significant hyperphosphatemia and cases of acute kidney injury (AKI) referred to as acute phosphate nephropathy (APN; characterized by nephrocalcinosis) are reported after OSP use, which led to a US-FDA warning. To improve the safety profile of OSP, it was evaluated whether the side-effects of OSP could be prevented with intestinal phosphate binders. Hereto a Wistar rat model of APN was developed. OSP administration (2 times 1.2 g phosphate by gavage) with a 12h time interval induced bowel cleansing (severe diarrhea) and significant hyperphosphatemia (21.79 ± 5.07 mg/dl 6h after the second OSP dose versus 8.44 ± 0.97 mg/dl at baseline). Concomitantly, serum PTH levels increased fivefold and FGF-23 levels showed a threefold increase, while serum calcium levels significantly decreased from 11.29 ± 0.53 mg/dl at baseline to 8.68 ± 0.79 mg/dl after OSP. OSP administration induced weaker NaPi-2a staining along the apical proximal tubular membrane. APN was induced: serum creatinine increased (1.5 times baseline) and nephrocalcinosis developed (increased renal calcium and phosphate content and calcium phosphate deposits on Von Kossa stained kidney sections). Intestinal phosphate binding (lanthanum carbonate or aluminum hydroxide) was not able to attenuate the OSP induced side-effects. In conclusion, a clinically relevant rat model of APN was developed. Animals showed increased serum phosphate levels similar to those reported in humans and developed APN. No evidence was found for an improved safety profile of OSP by using intestinal phosphate binders.
We Ran One Regression

The recent controversy over model selection in the context of `growth regressions' has led to some remarkably numerous `estimation' strategies, including 4 million regressions by Sala-i-Martin (1997b). Only one regression is really needed, namely the general unrestricted model, appropriately reduced to a parsimonious encompassing congruent representation. Such an outcome was achieved in one run on PcGets, within 15 minutes of receiving from Professor Ley the data set in Fernandez et al (2001). We reproduce that equation, and corroborate the findings in Hoover and Perez (2004), who also adopt an automatic general-to-simple approach.
Grand Challenges: Integrating Mental Health Care into the Non-Communicable Disease Agenda

In the third article of a five-part series providing a global perspective on integrating mental health, Victoria Ngo and colleagues discuss the benefits and requirements of collaborative care models, where non-communicable disease and mental health care are integrated and provided in the primary care setting. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary