Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BLOCKHOLDER OWNERSHIP, CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND MANUFACTURE COMPANY VALUE IN INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE

The capital markets have been in the emerging market category for example, the Indonesia StockExchange. In connection with this condition, it has been known that the behavior of issuers andinvestors are still relatively unstable. This behavior is quite different to market conditions in othercountries, which have become the efficient market. The number of listed companies is still relativelysmall compared to the number of listed companies on stock exchanges in developed countries. Theresearch aims to measure and to find empirical evidence, the direct effect of blockholder ownershipand capital structure on company value. It will investigate and examine the mediating effect ofcapital structure on company value. The research was conducted at manufacturing company inIndonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for five years. This research use census sampling, with number 36of companies that were analyzed with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The result shows directlythe blockholder ownership does not have significant effect to company value. Capital structurehas mediating effect to the relationship between blockholder ownership and company value.This finding Explains that the indirect role of capital structure can increase of company value. Inaddition, capital structure directly has significant effect to company value.
AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF OIL PRICE SHOCKS IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD

This paper presents results that indicate that oil price shocks were economically important in explaining movements in industrial production and, to a lesser degree, movements in wholesale prices in the period between World Wars I and II. The framework for analysis is a vector autoregressive model estimated using monthly data over 1924:2-38:6 that employs a financial intermediation variable, a measure of relative oil prices, and other variables typically found in small macroeconomic models. The impact of oil price shocks is evaluated through computation of variance decompositions and an historical decomposition over the 1929:9-38:6 period. Copyright 1994 by Oxford University Press.
Capturing Strategic Rent: Full-Line Forcing, Brand Discounts, Aggregate Rebates, and Maximum Resale Price Maintenance

This paper examines the implications of a retailer's shelf space stocking decisions on the optimal marketing strategy of an upstream multiproduct monopolist. When the retailer's opportunity cost of shelf space is known, full-line forcing, brand discounts, and maximum resale price maintenance are sufficient to achieve the monopolist manufacturer's first best profit. When these strategies are adopted, the retailer's profit is reduced to the scarcity rents obtainable on her shelf space. When the retailer's opportunity cost of shelf space is unknown, the use of aggregate rebates can act as a screening device to maximize channel profit. Copyright 1991 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
The influence of teacher leadership in the career advancement of schoolteachers: A case study

In this paper, we explore the influence of a professional development initiative based on a model of teacher leadership development in the career advancement of a group of school leaders. We investigated the perceptions and understandings held by these school leaders regarding how their experiences as teacher leaders contributed to their career advancement and growth as educational leaders. The findings of this study augment existing scholarship on the nature of leadership development and career advancement in educational systems and educational jurisdictions. The study findings suggest that teacher leadership roles may have a significant effect in generating skills and interest in formal leadership and could potentially be a significant factor in leadership succession planning.
Corporate Sustainability Performance and Idiosyncratic Risk: A Global Perspective

Does investing in sustainability leaders affect portfolio performance? Analyzing two mutually exclusive leading and lagging global corporate sustainability portfolios (Dow Jones) finds that (1) leading sustainability firms do not underperform the market portfolio, and (2) their lagging counterparts outperform the market portfolio and the leading portfolio. Notably, we find leading (lagging) corporate social performance (CSP) firms exhibit significantly lower (higher) idiosyncratic risk and that idiosyncratic risk might be priced by the broader global equity market. We develop an idiosyncratic risk factor and find that its inclusion significantly reduces the apparent difference in performance between leading and lagging CSP portfolios.
Evaluating Public Spending: A Framework for Public Expenditure Reviews

This paper presents a framework for evaluating the level and composition of public expenditures, illustrated by sectoral and country examples. It emphasizes six elements which should be an integral part of an ongoing exercise to evaluate public spending. First, the aggregate level of public spending and deficit of the consolidated public sector must be consistent with the macroeconomic framework. Second, aggregate spending should be allocated to programs within and across sectors to maximize social welfare, including the impact on the poor. Third, the role of the government versus the private sector ought to be a principal criterion governing the choice of programs for public financing and provision; public expenditures should complement rather than substitute for private sector activities. Fourth, the impact of key programs on the poor, including their incidence and total costs, should be analyzed. Fifth, the input mix, or the allocations for capital and recurrent expenditures, should be analyzed in an integrated manner within programs and sectors. Finally, budgetary institutions should be analyzed to ensure that the underlying incentive structure contributes to aggregate fiscal discipline, allocative efficiency and equity in the composition of spending, and technical efficiency in the use of budgeted resources.
Adoptive Transfer of Tracer‐Alloreactive CD4+ T Cell Receptor Transgenic T Cells Alters the Endogenous Immune Response to an Allograft

T cell receptor transgenic (TCR‐Tg) T cells are often used as tracer populations of antigen‐specific responses to extrapolate findings to endogenous T cells. The extent to which TCR‐Tg T cells behave purely as tracer cells or modify the endogenous immune response is not clear. To test the impact of TCR‐Tg T cell transfer on endogenous alloimmunity, recipient mice were seeded with CD4+ or CD8+ TCR‐Tg or polyclonal T cells at the time of cardiac allograft transplantation. Only CD4+ TCR‐Tg T cells accelerated rejection and, unexpectedly, led to a dose‐dependent decrease in both transferred and endogenous T cells infiltrating the graft. In contrast, recipients of CD4+ TCR‐Tg T cells exhibited enhanced endogenous donor‐specific CD8+ T cell activation in the spleen and accelerated alloantibody production. Introduction of CD4+ TCR‐Tg T cells also perturbed the intragraft accumulation of innate cell populations. Transferred CD4+ TCR‐Tg T cells alter many aspects of endogenous alloimmunity, suggesting that caution should be used when interpreting experiments using these adoptively transferred cells because the overall nature of allograft rejection may be altered. These results also may have implications for adoptive CD4+ T cell immunotherapy in tumor and infectious clinical settings because cell infusion may have additional effects on natural immune responses.
Evaluation of umbilical cord thickness, cross-sectional area, and coiling index as predictors of pregnancy outcome

Abstract Aims: This study was designed to evaluate the relationship of sonographic measurements of umbilical cord thickness, cross-sectional area, and coiling index with pregnancy outcome (low birth weight, 5-min Apgar score, and meconium staining). Materials and Methods: From January 2010 to January 2011, among 255 singleton pregnant women who were referred for routine pregnancy USG after 20 weeks of gestation, 223 fulfilled the study criteria. In these patients, the diameter, cross-sectional area, and coiling index were measured in a free loop of umbilical cord. The pregnancies were followed till delivery, when birth weight, presence of meconium staining, and 5-min Apgar score were recorded. The sonographic measurements and clinical findings were analyzed to determine any correlation. Results: A statistically significant correlation was observed between small umbilical cord thickness and cross-sectional area and low birth weight (LBW), with sensitivity of 52.9% and 57.9%, specificity of 95.0% and 94.4%, positive predictive value of 52.6% and 52.0%, and negative predictive value of 95.0% and 95.0%, respectively. Also noted was significant correlation between small umbilical cord thickness and cross-sectional area with meconium staining (P<0.001). No significant correlation was seen between umbilical cord thickness and cross-sectional area with low 5-min Apgar score. There was no statistically significant correlation between umbilical cord coiling index and LBW, 5-min Apgar score, and meconium staining. Conclusion: Umbilical cord diameter and cross-sectional area measured after 20 weeks of gestation are useful for predicting LBW and meconium staining and have the potential to serve as markers for adverse pregnancy outcome.
Prematurity and twinning

Aim of the study: Newborns from multiple pregnancies are increasing in number and demonstrate a higher perinatal morbidity and mortality compared to singletons. Prematurity is the main reason for most neonatal diseases in twins, but other variables may play a role and their prenatal evaluation may improve the overall outcome. Main findings: Prematurity is six times more frequent in twins and therefore birth weight is significantly lower compared to singletons. Thus, twins are more exposed to prematurity related diseases (respiratory, cardiovascular, infectious, etc.) and to long-term complications (especially neurological disabilities). Results: It is very difficult to estimate the increased risk of neonatal morbidity related to twinning independently to the increased risk of prematurity and therefore to interpret data on morbidity rates, in particular regarding the neurodevelopmental outcome. Conclusion: Prevention of preterm birth is a primary goal in managing multiple pregnancies, together with prophylaxis with corticosteroids in order to improve foetal lung maturity. Accurate risk assessment strategies and adequate obstetrical-neonatological management of multiple pregnancies may reduce the increasing need for neonatal intensive care and for health resources in the long-term follow-up that has been observed over the last decades.
Water quality and emission rates of greenhouse gases in a treatment reedbed.

The aim of this study was to estimate water purification capacity and greenhouse gas fluxes in a semi-natural reedbed receiving effluent from a wastewater treatment plant (WTP) in Lihula, which is located on the southern border of Matsalu National Park, Estonia. The values of BOD7 and COD in the treated water were low (<8 and <70 mgL respectively), whereas the COD level increased within the reedbed. The average concentrations of ammonia N and total N significantly decreased from the WTP outflow to the reedbed outflow (from 6.8 and 9 to 0.2 and 1.2 mg L respectively). Nitrate and nitrite N levels were low but decreased along the flow. The average concentration of both PO4-P and total P in water decreased rapidly toward the reedbed outflow (from 2.8 and 3.2 to 0.04 and 0.09 mg L respectively). Redox potential and dissolved O2 saturation showed the lowest values in the reedbed inflow. The C, N, and P concentration in soil decreased from the reedbed inflow towards the outflow. The average N2 and N2O fluxes from the reedbed were relatively low, varying from 4.0 to 16.1 mg N2 m h and from -5.0 to 3.7 μg N2O m h respectively. The spatial-temporal variation of methane emission was great (10.5-16397 μg CH4 m h), showing higher values in the inflow. The average CO2 emission from the reedbed varied from 14.3 to 334 mg CO2-C m h, being somewhat higher in the inflow area. Accumulation of C, N and P in soil, increasing COD values and falling redox potential/dissolved O2 values in water, and higher CH4 and CO2 emission rates in the inflow site of the reedbed demonstrate the long-term impact of sewage loading.
Rotavirus‐induced miR‐142‐5p elicits proviral milieu by targeting non‐canonical transforming growth factor beta signalling and apoptosis in cells

MicroRNA (miRNA) expression is significantly influenced by viral infection, because of either host antiviral defences or proviral factors resulting in the modulation of viral propagation. This study was undertaken to identify and analyse the significance of cellular miRNAs during rotavirus (SA11 or KU) infection. Sixteen differentially regulated miRNAs were identified during rotavirus infection of which hsa‐miR‐142‐5p was up‐regulated and validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Exogenous expression of miR‐142‐5p inhibitor resulted in a significant reduction of viral titer indicating proviral role of miR‐142‐5p. Functional studies of hsa‐miR‐142‐5p identified its role in transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signalling as TGFβ receptor 2 and SMAD3 were degraded during both hsa‐miR‐142‐5p overexpression and rotavirus infection. TGFβ is induced during rotavirus infection, which may promote apoptosis by activation of non‐canonical pathways in HT29 cells. However, up‐regulated miR‐142‐5p resulted in the inhibition of TGFβ‐induced apoptosis suggesting its anti‐apoptotic function. Rotavirus NSP5 was identified as a regulator of miR‐142‐5p expression. Concurrently, NSP5‐HT29 cells showed inhibition of TGFβ‐induced apoptosis and epithelial to mesenchymal transition by blocking non‐canonical pathways. Overall, the study identified proviral function of hsa‐miR‐142‐5p during rotavirus infection. In addition, modulation of TGFβ‐induced non‐canonical signalling in microsatellite stable colon cancer cells can be exploited for cancer therapeutics.
A Reexamination of Finite- and Infinite-Variance Distributions as Models of Daily Stock Returns

This study investigates the general (asymmetric) stable Paretian distribution and three finite- variance, time-independent distributions applied to daily stock-return series. Previous empirical comparisons have, in general, ignored the existence and effects of skewness on the process parameters of stable laws. The results of log-likelihood ratio and log-odds tests indicate that finite-variance models still dominate after accounting for documented skewness. In particular, the mixed diffusion-jump and compound normal models appear to be the most descriptive time-independent models.
Agency vs. Stewardship in Public Family Firms: A Social Embeddedness Reconciliation

Family businesses (FBs) play a key role in the world's economies. Unfortunately, the current literature surfaces disparate understandings and conclusions concerning their conduct and performance. Much of that literature falls under two insightful perspectives, agency theory and stewardship theory, that conflict quite directly. The agency view, based in economics, maintains that families will pursue utility for themselves to the detriment of their public shareholders. By contrast, stewardship proponents, arguing from a psychological perspective, suggest that family owners will invest deeply in their enterprise, to the benefit of all. This study synthesizes the literature on each of these perspectives to derive core motivational assumptions and expected organizational outcomes. Then, by employing a third sociological perspective, it proposes to reconcile these opposing views by considering the social embeddedness of firms and their key actors within the institution of the family for different types of public family enterprises. It will argue that there is a need for such integration in order to better understand and permit accurate, context–based predictions across various kinds of family businesses and family business situations.
A review of the cellular and molecular effects of extracorporeal shockwave therapy

Summary Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is a novel therapeutic modality and its use in promoting connective tissue repair and analgesic effect has been advocated in the literature. It is convenient, cost-effective, and has negligible complications; it therefore bypasses many of the problems associated with surgical interventions. This paper reviews the proposed mechanisms of action in promoting tissue repair and regeneration as well as analysing its efficacy providing an analgesic effect in clinical applications. Further research will be required to not only identify the underlying mechanisms more precisely, but will also be critical for ensuring consistency across the literature so that the most beneficial treatment protocol can be developed. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy stands as a promising alternative modality in promoting tissue repair.
REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR OF THE YELLOW-CROWNED PARROT (AMAZONA OCHROCEPHALA) IN WESTERN PANAMA

Abstract We studied the breeding biology of the Panamanian subspecies of the Yellow-crowned Parrot, Amazona ochrocephala panamensis, during 1997–1999 in the province of Chiriquí, Panama, to provide basic information regarding the breeding behavior and reproductive success of these parrots in their natural habitat. We recorded parrot behaviors throughout the reproductive period, monitored nest success, and characterized occupied and non-occupied tree cavities. All breeding attempts involved a male-female pair. Clutch size ranged from 2 to 4 eggs, which were incubated only by the female, beginning when the first egg was laid. Incubation averaged 25 days and the eggs hatched asynchronously. During the incubation period, females remained inside the nest for long periods of time, though they often departed from the nest area during early mornings and late afternoons, presumably to forage; during this period, males were not observed entering the nest, though they often remained nearby. During the nestling period, males contributed significantly to feeding the offspring. Pairs nested in trees that were in good or fair condition, and did not favor cavities in any one tree species. As found in many other field studies of parrots, breeding success was low. Only 10% (1997–1998) and 14% (1998–1999) of the nests survived poaching and natural predation. Because nest poaching was the primary cause of breeding failure and poses a serious threat to population viability, we also present data on poaching techniques and the local trade of nestling parrots. Overall, the pool of breeding adults is likely made up of aging individuals that are not being replaced, setting the stage for a rapid population decline.
α-glucosidase inhibitors isolated from Mimosa pudica L.

Abstract The aim of the study was to isolate digestive enzymes inhibitors from Mimosa pudica through a bioassay-guided fractionation approach. Repeated silica gel and sephadex LH 20 column chromatographies of bioactive fractions afforded stigmasterol, quercetin and avicularin as digestive enzymes inhibitors whose IC50 values as compared to acarbose (351.02 ± 1.46 μg mL−1) were found to be as 91.08 ± 1.54, 75.16 ± 0.92 and 481.7 ± 0.703 μg mL−1, respectively. In conclusion, M. pudica could be a good and safe source of digestive enzymes inhibitors for the management of diabetes in future. Antidiabetic active principles (stigmasterol, quercetin, avicularin) isolated from neglected weed Mimosa pudica
Valuation effects of new equity issues by banks: evidence from Japan

This article examines the valuation effects of new equity issues by Japanese banks through private placement. Although past studies have shown a positive market response to private placement, our results indicate that abnormal returns are, on average, positive but statistically insignificant. Such findings fail to support the notion that private placements help resolve the problem of information asymmetry. However, after controlling for bank capital, the valuation effects for banks with higher capital are significantly negative, whereas those with lower capital are significantly positive. The difference suggests that valuation depends on whether capital regulation motivates the new issue. Moreover, there is a negative correlation between Nonperforming Loans (NPLs) and valuation effects. This indicates that an increase in the uncertainty of bank loan quality is associated with a negative market response. Finally, the results show that new issues with a single purchaser convey more negative information to the market than those with multiple purchasers. This is consistent with the potential entrenchment effect of private placements.
Real interest rate equalization: some empirical evidence from the three major world financial markets

This article examines the linkage of real interest rates of the three major world financial markets (USA, Japan and the UK) with the use of cointegration methods. Unlike previous works, the investigation uses a trivariate vector autoregressive (VAR) model in which a constant term in the common stochastic trends space is excluded. Based on data generated after the liberalization of Japan's foreign exchange market at the end of 1980 (1981:1–1998:12), the article finds some empirical evidence indicating that the extent of the departure from the long-run real interest rate equalization (RIE) is not very large, although the null hypothesis of the long-run RIE is rejected in most cases.
The Cost of Slowing Climate Change: a Survey

Policies to deal effectively and efficiently with the threat of greenhouse wanning must balance the costs of slowing climate change against the potential damages. This survey discusses one half of this question, the costs of slowing climate change by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The analysis provides estimates of the cost of reducing chlorofluorocarbon and C02 emissions, and inquires into the costs of using forestry options to remove C02 front the atmosphere. A promising new approach, the use of geoengineering is discussed qualitatively.
Impact of intrauterine and post-natal nutritional determinants on blood pressure at 4 years of age.

BACKGROUND To prospectively study how the early nutritional environment can programme blood pressure in a well-nourished population of children. METHODS By means of multivariate modelling, we assessed whether gestational and post-natal dietary intakes and growth influence childhood blood pressure programming in a cohort of 109 healthy mother-child pairs. They had been followed from early pregnancy until the children reached 4 years of age. Dietary intakes were evaluated using 3-day food diaries. Blood pressure levels in the children were measured using an automated oscillometric DINAMAP ProCare 100 (Criticon, Tampa, FL, USA) at the age of 4 years. RESULTS In the final multivariate model, the predictor variables of childhood systolic blood pressure were maternal dietary carbohydrate and fat intake during pregnancy, as well as childhood weight and dietary fat intake at 4 years of age. Systolic blood pressure levels in the children were found to be positively associated with the maternal carbohydrate intake (P = 0.003), whereas blood pressure levels were lowest in children exposed to the middle tertile of maternal dietary fat intake during pregnancy (P = 0.003) and whose own dietary fat intake was in the middle tertile at the age of 4 years (P = 0.013). The model also showed that heavier children have a higher systolic blood pressure (P < 0.001). None of the maternal clinical characteristics fulfilled the criterion to be included in the model. The only determinant underlying childhood diastolic blood pressure was childhood weight at 4 years of age (r = 0.289, P = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS Interventions focusing on cardiovascular health in young women during pregnancy and their children should be considered to reduce cardiovascular diseases risk factors in these children.