Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Aging Phenomena on Latches’ Robustness

In this paper, we analyze the effects of aging mechanisms on the soft error susceptibility of both standard and robust latches. Particularly, we consider bias temperature instability (BTI) affecting both nMOS (positive BTI) and pMOS (negative BTI), which is considered the most critical aging mechanism threatening the reliability of ICs. Our analyses show that as an IC ages, BTI significantly increases the susceptibility of both standard latches and low-cost robust latches, whose robustness is based on the increase in the critical charge of their most susceptible node(s). Instead, we will show that BTI minimally affects the soft error susceptibility of more costly robust latches that avoid the generation of soft errors by design. Consequently, our analysis highlights the fact that in applications mandating the use of low-cost robust latches, designers will have to face the problem of their robustness degradation during IC lifetime. Therefore, for these applications, designers will have to develop proper low-cost solutions to guarantee the minimal required level of robustness during the whole IC lifetime.
Scripting Civil Partnerships: interviewing couples together and apart

Couple studies generally focus on heterosexual relationships where partners are interviewed together or apart. This article discusses a study of same-sex couples’ Civil Partnerships that interviewed partners together and apart. It considers the methodological and analytical challenges raised by our approach by discussing how the different interactional settings of the interviews shaped the stories that couples and partners told, the links between relationship narration in interviews and their ‘doing’ in practice and the insights generated into the sociocultural factors that shape relationship scripting. The joint interviews produced couple and marriage stories. They illuminated couples’ scripting agency and factors that enable and constrain partners’ scripting authority in interviews and beyond. The individual interviews produced biographically embedded narratives of ‘relating selves’. These contextualized and complicated couple stories of (non-)negotiated relationships. Our approach enabled us to make links between relational scripting in interviews and the flow of power in situated research, relational and sociocultural contexts.
Cinacalcet reduces plasma intact parathyroid hormone, serum phosphate and calcium levels in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism irrespective of its severity.

AIMS To evaluate the relationship between the severity of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) - defined in terms of baseline plasma intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level - and the magnitude of response to cinacalcet. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this post hoc analysis, data were pooled from three randomized, placebo-controlled trials in which dialysis patients with iPTH ≥ 300 pg/ml were dose-titrated with cinacalcet or placebo in addition to conventional treatment to achieve iPTH ≤ 250 pg/ml. In 953 patients analyzed (cinacalcet, 545; placebo, 408), baseline iPTH levels were categorized in 100 pg/ml intervals (300 - ≥ 1,000 pg/ml), and the impact of baseline iPTH on changes in iPTH, phosphate (P), calcium (Ca) and calcium- phosphate product (Ca × P) was evaluated. RESULTS Cinacalcet reduced iPTH (47% reduction), P (9%), Ca (7%), and Ca × P (15%) across all subgroups. For patients receiving cinacalcet, the mean percentage reduction from baseline in iPTH varied from 35 to 55%, being consistently decreased across the severity subgroups. The mean absolute change in iPTH was more pronounced in patients with higher baseline iPTH levels, particularly in the ≥ 1,000 pg/ml subgroup vs. the other subgroups. However, as baseline iPTH levels increased, iPTH ≤ 250 pg/ml was achieved in fewer patients. A trend towards greater absolute change from baseline was observed for P in patients with more severe disease (iPTH ≥ 800 pg/ml) treated with cinacalcet compared with patients with less severe disease (iPTH 300 - < 800 pg/ml). CONCLUSIONS Cinacalcet lowers plasma iPTH and serum P, Ca and Ca × P levels in dialysis patients with SHPT, regardless of disease severity. Patients with more severe disease experienced greater reductions in PTH and P, but fewer achieved iPTH ≤ 250 pg/ml by the efficacy assessment phase. Use of cinacalcet when baseline PTH is lower may result in more stable control of SHPT and help to control bone and mineral alterations.
Regulation of Gap Junctional Communication by Astrocytic Mitochondrial KATP Channels following Neurotoxin Administration in in vitro and in vivo Models

It is known that neuronal ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels and astrocytic gap junctions (GJs) are involved in the mechanism underlying neurodisorders. The KATP channels exist also in glial cells, and the objective of this study was to determine whether the astrocytic KATP channels exert their effect on neurotoxin-induced neurodysfunction through regulating the astrocytic GJ function. The results showed that diazoxide, a selective mitochondrial KATP (mitoKATP) channel opener, enhanced the GJ coupling, but 5-hydroxydecanoate, a selective mitoKATP channel blocker that significantly inhibits GJ coupling in vitro did not. Activation of astrocytic mitoKATP channels alleviated kainic acid-induced dysfunction of GJ intercellular communication. Finally, activation of mitoKATP channels improved the astrocytic GJ coupling in the hippocampus after seizures due to the colabeling of GJ subunit connexin 43 and connexin 45 with glial marker and was increased substantially by the administration of diazoxide. Western blot demonstrated that the mitoKATP channels regulated the expression of connexin 43 (P2; active form) and connexin 45 in the epileptic hippocampus. These findings demonstrate that activation of astrocytic mitoKATP channels improves the GJ function in astrocytes, indicating that the effect of the astrocytic mitoKATP channels on neurotoxin-induced neurodysfunction might be, in part, through the regulation of the GJ-coupled spatial buffering in the hippocampus.
PTSD as Aftermath for Bullied LGBT Adolescents: The Case for Comprehensive Assessment

There is overwhelming research that demonstrates a positive correlation between various forms of adolescent bullying and subsequent and serious psychological repercussions such as anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation and attempt as well as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; D’Augelli et al., 2005; Herek & Garnets, 2007; Mustanski, Garofalo, & Emerson, 2010). This study examines a particularly vulnerable adolescent and young adult population: lesbian, gay, and transgendered adolescents who have been bullied (Herek & Garnets, 2006). This study (n = 23) identifies which forms of bullying are more likely to manifest in subsequent symptoms of PTSD. Although there are numerous confounding variables, there are statistically significant findings that demonstrate which forms of bullying are more psychologically treacherous, and employing the PTSD checklist–civilian version (PCL) screening instrument, we learned who and what conditions might predict PTSD in our clients. Clinical implications for comprehensive PTSD screening and assessment are provided for mental health practitioners.
English primary trainee teachers’ perceptions of geography

This paper summarises the findings of research conducted with one cohort of English undergraduate primary teacher trainees on point of entry to a 4-year course. The research examines the perceptions held of geography as a subject discipline and the purposes of teaching the subject. Two hundred and eleven trainees were asked to define geography and provide information about their pre-course qualifications as well as their perceptions of the current primary geography curriculum. A volunteer sample of 12 students then completed a nominal group exercise which explored trainees’ understanding of the purposes of teaching geography and the skills that they considered they brought to the teaching of the subject. The findings indicate that trainees had an information-orientated perception of geography and did not appear to fully appreciate the breadth of the subject.
Prediction of Depot-Based Specialty Recycling Behavior Using an Extended Theory of Planned Behavior

Curbside recycling has been a very successful neighborhood-level intervention designed to maximize waste containment, but many communities have specific limitations on what products can be recycled within their community bins and must rely on depots for recycling these specialty items. The purpose of this study was to examine an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) that included both affective and instrumental attitudes and a planning construct to predict depot specialty recycling in a community sample across 1 month. Participants were 176 residents of detached homes who completed baseline measures of TPB and self-reported behavior 1 month later. Structural equation modeling identified a modest fit of the TPB, and 48% variance of depot recycling behavior was explained with the constructs of intention, planning, and perceived behavioral control, yet these constructs did not perform as well in predicting change in behavior across 4 weeks. Although proximity to the recycling depot did not relate to behavior, it significantly moderated the planning–recycling behavior relationship, whereby those who lived closer to the depot had larger planning–behavior relations than those who lived further away. Developing plans to recycle may help in addition to motivation, but these are still contingent on there being an easy commuting distance to a depot.
Courtroom Perceptions of Child Sexual Assault

One hundred eighty-two undergraduates (96 women) read a summary of a child sexual assault (CSA) criminal trial involving a 6-year-old alleged victim. The trial summaries differed as to whether an eyewitness to the CSA other than the victim testified in court and the age of that eyewitness (6 or 36 years old). The results showed that the additional witness did not affect women’s pro-victim judgments, but significantly increased men’s pro-victim judgments. Furthermore, compared with women, men felt more anger toward the defendant when the additional witness testified. A follow-up experiment (43 women) included an additional witness who did not witness the CSA. The results of this follow-up showed that rather than the number of witnesses, it was the additional witness to the CSA that increased pro-victim judgments. The results are discussed in terms of how additional corroborating testimony in a CSA case affects men and women jurors.
Production‐Based Asset Pricing and the Link Between Stock Returns and Economic Fluctuations

This paper describes a production-based asset pricing model. It is analogous to the standard consumption-based model, but it uses producers and production functions in the place of consumers and utility functions. The model ties stock returns to investment returns (marginal rates of transformation), which are inferred from investment data via a production function. The production-based model is used to examine forecasts of stock returns by business-cycle related variables and the association of stock returns with subsequent economic activity. Copyright 1991 by American Finance Association.
Human Pro-Social Motivation and the Maintenance of Social Order

This chapter presents some insights from basic behavioural research on the role of human pro-social motivation to maintain social order. I argue that social order can be conceptualized as a public good game. Past attempts to explain social order typically relied on the assumption of selfish and rational agents (“homo economicus”). The last twenty years of research in behavioural and experimental economics have challenged this view. After presenting the most important findings of recent research on human pro-sociality I discuss the evidence on three pillars of the maintenance of social order. The first pillar is internalized norms of cooperation, sustained by emotions such as guilt and shame. The second pillar is the behaviour of other people who typically are “conditional cooperators” willing to cooperate if others do so as well. This motivation can sustain cooperation if enough people cooperate but can jeopardise social order if many others follow selfish inclinations. The third pillar are sanctions meted out to anyone who does not cooperate; ideally punishment can work as a mere threat without being executed much. The chapter also presents some evidence on the cross-cultural variability of some findings, in particular with regard to punishment behaviour. The chapter concludes with remarks on future research.
Capturing crime, criminals and the public’s imagination: Assembling Crime Stoppers and CCTV surveillance

This article explores Crime Stoppers’ use of CCTV images as a node of a surveillant assemblage via analysis of a sample of Crime Stoppers advertisements deploying CCTV images supplemented by interviews and other qualitative procedures. Advertisements using images are becoming more prevalent and rely on complex textual narratives and the CCTV image format to construct crime for public consumption to generate ‘tips’. The advertisements capture a narrow range of ‘street crime’ to the benefit of private business and to the neglect of pervasive and serious conduct affecting the less powerful. The convergence of Crime Stoppers and CCTV surveillance is found to have unanticipated and ironic consequences regarding deterrence and identification, to befit a form of ‘counter-law’, and to demonstrate potential to harm individuals and visible minorities. Theoretical implications of this analysis for understanding assumptions about the relation between image and the Truth of crime, governance, and surveillance are discussed.
ONE-SIDED TESTING FOR ARCH EFFECTS USING WAVELETS

There has been increasing interest recently in hypothesis testing with inequality restrictions. An important example in time series econometrics is hypotheses on autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH). We propose a one-sided test for ARCH effects using a wavelet spectral density estimator at frequency zero of a squared regression residual series. The square of an ARCH process is positively correlated at all lags, resulting in a spectral mode at frequency zero. In particular, it has a spectral peak at frequency zero when ARCH effects are persistent or when ARCH effects are small at each individual lag but carry over a long distributional lag. As a joint time-frequency decomposition method, wavelets can effectively capture spectral peaks. We expect that wavelets are more powerful than kernels in small samples when ARCH effects are persistent or when ARCH effects have a long distributional lag. This is confirmed in a simulation study.
Self‐ratings and supervisor ratings of graduate employees' competences during early career

Self-ratings and supervisor perceptions of employee work competences are likely to have substantial effects on work performance, supervisor–subordinate relationships and perceptions of training needs. Yet little is known about how people in early career view their competences; whether their supervisors share their views; or whether ratings of competences vary between organizations and/or with tenure. This paper draws on the self-assessment and other literatures to identify seven questions which are then addressed using ratings on five competence dimensions from 784 graduates and 531 managers of graduates in eight UK-based organizations. As predicted, mean ratings differed between competence dimensions and organizations, and self-ratings were higher than manager ratings. The magnitude of the discrepancy between graduates and managers varied between competence dimensions, but not between organizations. Self-ratings did not generally increase with tenure. The implications of the results for graduate career development are discussed, with particular reference to organizational practices for fostering feelings of competence, and the role of the supervisor in such practices.
Ecological economics and the politics of knowledge : the debate between Hayek and Neurath.

Hayek's epistemic arguments against planning were aimed not just against socialism but also the tradition of ecological economics. The concern with the physical preconditions of economic activity and defence of non-monetary measures in economic choice were expressions of the same rationalist illusion about the scope of human knowledge that underpinned the socialist project. Neurath's commitment to physicalism, in natura calculation and planning typified these errors. Neurath responded to these criticisms in unpublished notes and correspondence with Hayek. These highlighted the epistemological premises his work shared with Hayek's, representing a response to Hayek from Hayek's own assumptions. This paper examines the cogency and continuing relevance of the arguments in this debate. Copyright 2004, Oxford University Press.
Ghrelin and leptin responses to food ingestion in bulimia nervosa: implications for binge-eating and compensatory behaviours

Background. Ghrelin and leptin are endogenous peripheral proteins involved in the regulation of eating behaviour. In particular, ghrelin stimulates hunger and promotes food ingestion, whereas leptin increases satiety and reduces food consumption. Therefore, alterations in the physiology of these peptides may play a role in the pathogenesis of eating disorders such as bulimia nervosa. In the present study, we investigated ghrelin and leptin responses to food ingestion in patients with bulimia nervosa. Method. Nine symptomatic drug-free bulimic women and 12 age-matched healthy women ingested a meal of 1207 kcal (60% carbohydrates, 23% fat and 17% proteins) at 12.00 a.m. and underwent blood sample collection before and 45, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min after the meal. Plasma levels of ghrelin, leptin, insulin and glucose were measured. Results. In healthy women, circulating ghrelin exhibited a drastic decrease after the food intake whereas, in bulimic patients, this response was significantly blunted. No difference between the two subjects groups was observed in post-prandial profiles of plasma leptin, insulin and glucose. Conclusions. The lack of a leptin response to food ingestion, in both bulimic and healthy women, is compatible with the role of this peptide as long-term rather than short-term modulator of eating behaviour. The blunted ghrelin response to food ingestion may support the occurrence in bulimic subjects of an impaired suppression of the drive to eat following a meal. This may have implications for binge-eating.
Off-Road Obstacle Avoidance through End-to-End Learning

We describe a vision-based obstacle avoidance system for off-road mobile robots. The system is trained from end to end to map raw input images to steering angles. It is trained in supervised mode to predict the steering angles provided by a human driver during training runs collected in a wide variety of terrains, weather conditions, lighting conditions, and obstacle types. The robot is a 50cm off-road truck, with two forward-pointing wireless color cameras. A remote computer processes the video and controls the robot via radio. The learning system is a large 6-layer convolutional network whose input is a single left/right pair of unprocessed low-resolution images. The robot exhibits an excellent ability to detect obstacles and navigate around them in real time at speeds of 2 m/s.
Active grief, despair, and difficulty coping : some measured characteristics of male response following their partner's miscarriage

Abstract There has been relatively little published research on the effects upon men of their partner's miscarriage. Some interim findings from the first large study in the UK are indicated. Male partners (n = 323) of women who miscarried were administered the Perinatal Grief Scale (PGS), scoring on overall grief not dissimilarly to female cohorts who had miscarried. Analysis of the PGS scores suggests characteristic differences in the way grief is handled by males and females, with males displaying less immediate ‘active grief’, but being more vulnerable to feelings of ‘despair’ and ‘difficulty in coping’. The duration of the pregnancy prior to miscarriage and the experience of seeing an ultrasound scan appear to be factors in raised levels of grief in these men.
A Globular Cluster Metallicity Scale Based on the Abundance of Feii

Assuming that in the atmospheres of low‐mass, metal‐poor red giant stars, one‐dimensional models based on local thermodynamic equilibrium accurately predict the abundance of iron from Feii, we derive a globular cluster metallicity scale based on the equivalent widths of Feii lines measured from high‐resolution spectra of giants in 16 key clusters lying in the abundance range −2.4 < [Fe/H]II < −0.7. We base the scale largely on the analysis of spectra of 149 giant stars in 11 clusters by the Lick‐Texas group supplemented by high‐resolution studies of giants in five other clusters. We also derive ab initio the true distance moduli for certain key clusters (M5, M3, M13, M92, and M15) as a means of setting stellar surface gravities. Allowances are made for changes in the abundance scale if one employs (1) Kurucz models with and without convective overshooting to represent giant star atmospheres in place of MARCS models and (2) the Houdashelt et al. color‐temperature scale in place of the Alonso et al. scale. We find that [Fe/H]II is correlated linearly with W′, the reduced strength of the near‐infrared Caii triplet defined by Rutledge et al., although the actual correlation coefficients depend on the atmospheric model employed. The correlations, limited to the range −2.4 < [Fe/H]II < −0.7, are as follows: 1. [Fe/H]II = 0.531W′ - 3.279 (MARCS), 2. [Fe/H]II = 0.537W′ - 3.225 (Kurucz with convective overshooting), 3. [Fe/H]II = 0.562W′ - 3.329 (Kurucz without convective overshooting). We also discuss how to estimate [X/Fe] ratios. We suggest that C, N, and O, as well as elements appearing in the spectrum in the singly ionized state, e.g., Ti, Sc, Ba, La, and Eu, should be normalized to the abundance of Feii. Other elements, which appear mostly in the neutral state, but for which the dominant species is nevertheless the ionized state, are probably best normalized to Fei, but uncertainties remain.
The DEC Recommended Practices in Early Intervention/Early Childhood Special Education: Social Validation

Results are reported from the field survey of the DEC Recommended Practices as one part of a national effort by the Division for Early Childhood (DEC) of the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) to develop evidence-based practices for Early Intervention/Early Childhood Special Education (EIlECSE). Surveys were received from 388 respondents consisting of practitioners, parents, and administration or higher education personnel. The respondents supported all of the practices as recommended practice. Additional information was obtained from the respondents about the extent of current use of the practices.