Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in Precarious Work Settings

This study uses human capital and gender stratification theory to answer three research questions concerning the gendered patterns of precarious employment, the effects of human capital investments and family obligations on precarious employment, and the extent that these investments and obligations affect precarious employment differently for men and women. Lucrative jobs that offer benefits, union protection, with full-time work status were considered indicators of high quality and therefore non-precarious employment. Using data from U.S. respondents, findings suggest: a) a “gender” to precarious employment in that women are more likely to work in low quality job settings; b) gender discrepancies in benefits and union protection are explained by differences in men’s and women’s human capital, family investments, and other work-related situations; and, c) gender differences in wages and part-time work status result from workplace discrimination towards women. The implications of these findings are discussed along with recommendations for future research.
Valued Segregated Schools for African American Children in the South, 1935-1969: A Review of Common Themes and Characteristics

For the last two decades, the published research on the history of education of African Americans in the south during the era of de jure segregation has shifted from a focus on the inequalities experienced by segregated schools to understanding the kind of education African American teachers, principals, and parents attempted to provide under externally restrictive circumstances. This review provides a synthesis of this line of research. Results indicate that exemplar), teachers, the curriculum and extracurricular activities, parental involvement, and the leadership of school principals were critical characteristics influencing the communities' perceptions of the schools. Additional research is needed that will explore student outcomes, variance within the characteristics, and external influences.
Hypofrontality in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during higher-order motor control: a study with functional MRI.

OBJECTIVE Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to investigate the hypothesis that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with a dysfunction of prefrontal brain regions during motor response inhibition and motor timing. METHOD Generic brain activation of seven adolescent boys with ADHD was compared to that of nine comparison subjects equivalent in sex, age, and IQ while they were performing a stop task, requiring inhibition of a planned motor response, and a motor timing task, requiring timing of a motor response to a sensory cue. RESULTS The hyperactive adolescents showed lower power of response in the right mesial prefrontal cortex during both tasks and in the right inferior prefrontal cortex and left caudate during the stop task. CONCLUSIONS ADHD is associated with subnormal activation of the prefrontal systems responsible for higher-order motor control. Functional MRI is a feasible technique for investigation of neural correlates of ADHD.
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid diagnosis of tubercular uveitis.

Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Rapid Diagnosis of Tubercular Uveitis Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in tubercular uveitis is limited by low sensitivity, expensive equipment, sophisticated laboratory facilities, and expertise. We evaluated loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay1 targeting the IS6110 region of M tuberculosis in intraocular samples from patients with tubercular uveitis.
Distributed Primal–Dual Subgradient Method for Multiagent Optimization via Consensus Algorithms

This paper studies the problem of optimizing the sum of multiple agents' local convex objective functions, subject to global convex inequality constraints and a convex state constraint set over a network. Through characterizing the primal and dual optimal solutions as the saddle points of the Lagrangian function associated with the problem, we propose a distributed algorithm, named the distributed primal-dual subgradient method, to provide approximate saddle points of the Lagrangian function, based on the distributed average consensus algorithms. Under Slater's condition, we obtain bounds on the convergence properties of the proposed method for a constant step size. Simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Characteristics of depth sensing coplanar-grid CdZnTe detectors

The latest depth-sensing coplanar-grid CdZnTe detectors, each has dimensions of 1.5/spl times/1.5/spl times/1 cm/sup 3/ and uses third-generation coplanar-anode design, have been tested. An energy resolution of 2.0% FWHM at 662 keV gamma-ray energy was obtained. Detector performance has been observed experimentally as a function of depth of gamma-ray interaction, and as a function of radial position near the anode surface. The difference between the depth-sensing technique and the relative gain compensation method is discussed. The measured results show the improvement of third-generation anode design, and the advantage of using depth sensing technique for the correction of electron trapping. Material uniformity of CdZnTe crystals manufactured by eV products have been directly observed and compared on two 1.5/spl times/1.5/spl times/1 cm/sup 3/ detectors.
Management of chronic idiopathic urticaria by the identification and exclusion of dietary factors

The role played by dietary chemical factors in the pathogenesis of chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) was assessed in seventy‐six patients by challenge. Stable remission was first established by using an empirically established ‘exclusion diet’. A diet modified to exclude those chemicals giving a positive response to challenge was demonstrated to be of therapeutic value for time periods of up to 18 months. Re‐testing twelve patients at 12 months indicated that most patients positive to salicylate or benzoate challenge retained this pattern of reactivity.
An Automated Electrodiagnostic Technique for Detection of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

■ We designed an automatedelectrophysiologic neurodiagnostic de-vice (AEND) yielding a distal motor la-tency (DML) using automated stimulationand analysis, volume-conducted wave-forms, and physiologic adjustments.AEND screening was studied in 75 symp-tomatic patients, who also had conven-tional electrodiagnostic studies, and 22asymptomatic subjects. The AENDyielded a DML in 92% of hands with aconventional motor response. The corre-lation between AEND and conventionalDML was . 90 (
THE NATURE OF RED DWARF GALAXIES

Using dark matter halos traced by galaxy groups selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 4, we find that about 1/4 of the faint galaxies (0.1Mr − 5log h> − 17.05, hereafter dwarfs) that are the central galaxies in their own halo are not blue and star forming, as expected in standard models of galaxy formation, but are red. In contrast, this fraction is about 1/2 for dwarf satellite galaxies. Many red dwarf galaxies are physically associated with more massive halos. In total, about ∼45% of red dwarf galaxies reside in massive halos as satellites, while another ∼25% have a spatial distribution that is much more concentrated toward their nearest massive halos than other dwarf galaxies. We use mock catalogs to show that the reddest population of nonsatellite dwarf galaxies is distributed within about three times the virial radii of their nearest massive halos. We suggest that this population of dwarf galaxies is hosted by low-mass halos that have passed through their massive neighbors, and that the same environmental effects that cause satellite galaxies to become red are also responsible for the red colors of this population of galaxies. We do not find any significant radial dependence of the population of dwarf galaxies with the highest concentrations, suggesting that the mechanisms operating on these galaxies affect color more than structure. However, over 30% of dwarf galaxies are red and isolated and their origin remains unknown.
Concurrent Validity of a Velocity Perception Scale to Monitor Back Squat Exercise Intensity in Young Skiers

Abstract Bautista, IJ, Chirosa, IJ, Robinson, JE, Chirosa, LJ, and Martínez, I. Concurrent validity of a velocity perception scale to monitor back squat exercise intensity in young skiers. J Strength Cond Res 30(2): 421–429, 2016—Execution velocity is among the main variables used to quantify resistance exercise intensity. The velocity at which a given load is displaced is one of the factors, which determine the training adaptations induced in the muscles. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of the scale of perceived velocity (SPV) applied to the back squat. The study participants were 11 international level young elite skiers (8 men and 3 women) of mean age, height, weight, and estimated 1-repetition maximum/body weight ratio (1RMest/BW) 15.4 ± 1.12 years, 166.8 ± 8.83 cm, 63.6 ± 11.56 kg, and 1.61 ± 0.40, respectively. Participants performed a 2-stage protocol. In the first stage (familiarization), subjects were instructed on how to use the scale and performed an incremental load test to determine their 1RMest. In the second, or validation stage (72 hours later), exercises were executed at 6 relative intensities (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70% of 1RMest) in random order in 2 sessions separated by 72 hours. Real velocity (Velreal) and perceived velocity (Velscale) values were linearly distributed showing excellent coefficients of determination (R2 = 0.98 and R2 = 0.99 for the 2-session trial). A 2-way repeated measures analysis of variance (scale [2] × session [2] × intensity [6]) revealed significant differences in the factor intensity and the interaction scale × intensity (no significant differences were detected in scale, session, scale × session, or scale × session × intensity). These data support the validity of SPV to monitor exercise intensity during lower-body strength training.
THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP STYLE, WORK MOTIVATION, AND JOB SATISFACTION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE (BANK BNI KAWANGKOAN BRANCH)

ABSTRACT There are some factors on the employee performance such as leadership style, work motivation, and job satisfaction. This research is design to analyze the related between leadership style, work motivation, and job satisfaction at Bank Negara Indonesia Kawangkoan Branch. Use the Multiple Regression Analysis Method, so the researcher can analyze the influence of the independent variable to dependent variable, which is employee performance. The independentvariablesare leadership style, work motivation, and job satisfaction. Based on the result on the analysis of data using multiple linear regression analysis techniques, the F test and t test, obtained results which indicate that the style of leadership, motivation and job satisfaction simultaneously significant effect on the performance of employees at Bank BNI Kawangkoan Branch. This partial result shows these three variables are also significant positive effect on the performance of the employee unless the variable motivation. Keywords: leadership style, work motivation, job satisfaction, employee performance
Engaging with teachers’ knowledge: promoting inclusion in Zambian schools

Current efforts to ensure that every child completes a full cycle of primary education are hampered by chronic poverty and prolonged conflict in the South. It is estimated that 75 million children of primary age are out of school and that one‐third are disabled. This paper contrasts the exclusionary impact of the global digital and communication divide with the international rhetoric of Education for All. Access to information has increased in our brave new world, but inequitably. In this paper insights are explored from a study carried out by the Enabling Education Network in schools in Northern Zambia, in which reflective writing played a role in generating locally relevant teachers’ knowledge. Although there was only minimal evidence of the benefits of the digital revolution, the Zambian teachers successfully developed a problem‐based approach to including disabled children in education as part of their commitment to child rights.
Gay and Lesbian Individuals’ Attitudes Toward the Death Penalty

Research examining attitudes toward the death penalty has led to a variety of theoretical and practical implications that continue to inform both research and policy. While many studies have examined how race, class, and gender are related to attitudes toward the death penalty, there is a complete lack of literature regarding sexual orientation and attitudes toward the death penalty. This is quite surprising since demographic research suggests that gay and lesbian individuals (compared to heterosexual individuals) have significantly higher levels of education and may be much more likely to align with liberal politics (two things that have been found to be correlated with a lack of support for the death penalty). Furthermore, studies suggest that gender differences in attitudes toward capital punishment can be related to the fact that women are socialized to be more empathic than men; however, it is unclear how these gender differences in empathic concern may be related to death penalty attitudes among gay and lesbian individuals. In this exploratory analysis using the General Social Survey (years 2002 and 2004), the authors investigate gay and lesbian individuals’ attitudes toward the use of the death penalty. Preliminary findings indicate that similar to heterosexuals, the majority of gay and lesbian individuals support the death penalty; however, being a gay man exerts a significant negative effect on death penalty support. Furthermore, both empathic concern and political beliefs entirely mediate the effects of gender and sexual orientation on attitudes toward the death penalty.
On the Elicitation and Measurement of Betrayal Aversion

Betrayal aversion has been operationalized as the evidence that subjects demand a higher risk premium to take social risks compared to natural risks. This evidence has been first shown by Bohnet and Zeckhauser (2004) using an adaptation of the Becker â€“ DeGroot â€“ Marshak mechanism (BDM, Becker et al. (1964)). We compare their implementation of the BDM mechanism with a new version designed to facilitate subjectsâ€™ comprehension. We find that, although the two versions produce different distributions of values, the size of betrayal aversion, measured as an average treatment difference between social and natural risk settings, is not different across the two versions. We further show that our implementation is preferable to use in practice as it reduces substantially subjectsâ€™ mistakes and hence the likelihood of noisy valuations.
The phenotypic spectrum of ZIC3 mutations includes isolated d‐transposition of the great arteries and double outlet right ventricle

Disease causing mutations for heterotaxy syndrome were first identified in the X‐linked laterality gene, ZIC3. Mutations typically result in males with situs ambiguus and complex congenital heart disease; however affected females and one male with isolated d‐transposition of the great arteries (d‐TGA) have been reported. We hypothesized that a subset of patients with heart defects common to heterotaxy but without laterality defects would have ZIC3 mutations. We also sought to estimate the prevalence of ZIC3 mutations in sporadic heterotaxy. Patients with TGA (n = 169), double outlet right ventricle (DORV; n = 89), common atrioventricular canal (CAVC; n = 41), and heterotaxy (n = 54) underwent sequencing of ZIC3 exons. We tested 90 patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) to correlate genotype with phenotype. Three potentially disease‐related missense mutations were detected: c.49G > T (Gly17Cys) in a female with isolated DORV, c.98C > T (Ala33Val) in a male with isolated d‐TGA, and c.841C > T (His281Tyr) in a female with sporadic heterotaxy. We also identified a novel insertion (CPFP333ins) in a family with heterotaxy. All were absent in 200 control patients and the 1000 Genomes Project (n = 629). No significant mutations were found in patients with TOF. Functional studies demonstrated reduced transcriptional activity of the ZIC3 His281Tyr mutant protein. ZIC3 mutations were rarely identified in isolated DORV and d‐TGA suggesting that a subset of DORV and d‐TGA may fall within the spectrum of laterality defects. ZIC3 mutations were found in 3.7% of patients with sporadic heterotaxy; therefore testing should be considered in patients with heterotaxy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The interaction between 5-HTTLPR genotype and ruminative thinking on BMI

Abstract Negative affect or stress is often found to increase energy intake for high palatable energy-rich foods and hence weight gain. Reduced brain serotonin (5-HT) function is known to increase stress vulnerability and the risk for eating-related disturbances. A short (S) allele polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) is associated with a less efficient functioning brain serotonin system and therefore higher stress vulnerability. It has been suggested that this genotype may be directly linked to an increased risk for weight gain and/or obesity. However, a high amount of variability has been apparent in replicating such a direct gene on weight gain relationship. A most recent suggestion is that this gene by weight relationship might be moderated by an additional (cognitive) vulnerability factor involving repetitive negative thinking (rumination). Our objective was to investigate whether the S-allele of 5-HTTLPR contributes to weight gain particularly in high cognitive ruminating individuals. A total of 827 healthy young male and female college students (aged 21·3 (sd 3·0) years; BMI 16–41·7 kg/m2) were genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and assessed for rumination (Event Related Ruminative Index) and body weight. In line with the hypothesis, a hierarchical regression model showed that higher BMI scores were observed in specifically high ruminating S'-carriers (P=0·031, f²=0·022). These results suggest that cognitive rumination may be a critical moderator of the association between 5-HTTLPR and body mass.
Short-term outcomes after acute treatment of pediatric asthma.

CONTEXT The short-term course of pediatric patients after emergency department (ED) treatment for acute asthma has not been comprehensively documented; most previous studies have limited outcomes to ED length-of-stay, hospital admission, and relapse. OBJECTIVE To describe symptom persistence, medication use, functional disability, follow-up, and relapse in these children in the 2 weeks after acute treatment and ED discharge. DESIGN Randomly selected, prospective cohort from September 1996 to August 1997; follow-up telephone interviews at 1 and 2 weeks. Setting. A large, inner-city children's hospital emergency department. Patients. Random sample of pediatric asthma visits requiring ED treatment but not admission; 457 were eligible, 388 with complete follow-up (85%); final sample included 367 patients after multiple visits deleted. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Details of symptom persistence, functional disability, medication use, relapse, and routine follow-up. RESULTS Results included significant morbidity: 23% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 19, 27) with cough and 12% (95% CI: 9, 15) with wheeze persistent at 2 weeks; 20% (95% CI: 16, 24) with decreased activity at 1 week; 45% (95% CI: 39, 51) missed >2 and 24% (95% CI: 19, 29) >/=5 days of school or day care; 17% (95% CI: 13, 21) spent >/=3 days in bed; 54% (95% CI: 47, 60) of caretakers missed at least 1 and 18% (95% CI: 13, 24) missed >2 days of school or work; and 32% (95% CI: 28, 38) of patients were still using greater than baseline medication at 2 weeks. Reported relapse rates were averaged at 13% (95% CI: 10, 17) with 3% (95% CI: 1, 5) admitted. Routine office follow-up was poor: 29% (95% CI: 25, 34) had had a visit; 48% (95% CI: 43, 54) reported no visit/none planned. CONCLUSIONS A considerable proportion of inner-city pediatric patients discharged from the hospital from the ED after standard treatment for acute asthma had poor short-term outcomes. Conventional markers of successful ED treatment, such as avoiding hospital admission or relapse, do not adequately describe outcomes of acute care. The patient-oriented measures described here may provide more useful indicators of outcome in the evaluation of acute asthma care.
Cultural Participation Between the Ages of 14 and 24: Intergenerational Transmission or Cultural Mobility?

By contrasting between models of cultural reproduction and cultural mobility, this article aims to offer more insight into the causes of changes in cultural participation due to family influence and developments in the educational career. Longitudinal data were used on 2547 adolescents who took part in a classroom survey at age 14-16, and who were since then interviewed two to five times, on average every 2 years. Parents' cultural participation was found to be more important than education and remained important in the period from adolescence to young adulthood. Although less important than the family influences, education is associated with large differences in cultural participation. These differences are largely additional to the differences according to parents' cultural participation. Less than half of the differences according to educational level actually emerge during the educational career. The other differences already exist in adolescence, before the educational career is completed. The effects of parents' cultural participation and education operate independently, except for one educational category - gymnasium students in whom the effect of parents' cultural participation is stronger than for others. It is concluded that processes of cultural reproduction and cultural mobility both play a role in cultural participation. © The Author 2009.
Managing Risk and Uncertainty in Social Work

* Summary: This review, which draws mainly but not exclusively on UK material, explores the social work literature on managing risk and uncertainty, with emphasis on community care. Risk has become a major, if not over-arching, preoccupation in social work, reflected in a huge upsurge of written material. * Findings: The article briefly traces the historical development of the concepts of risk and uncertainty and identifies a number of theoretical frameworks, noting that the risk society is marked by change, uncertainty, and a reduced faith in experts. Some commentators have drawn out the implications of these ideas for social work. At present, however, we lack a social model of risk. The article describes a continuum of risk management, marked by controlling attitudes at one end and more empowering approaches at the other. The former is evident in risk avoidance strategies, the latter in positive risk-taking; the literature on each is reviewed. * Applications: The views of service users are largely absent from the literature but their role in taking and managing risks on an everyday basis should not be overlooked, nor their potential to play a more significant role in the process. Pointers for future research are identified.
Business Simulation Games in Forming of Students’ Entrepreneurship

b u s i n e s s s i m u l at i o n g am e s are an effective method of learning how to manage the business processes in a modern enterprise. These kinds of games may also help to form and develop the enterprising attitudes and to learn the methods of modern management. For students, there is the possibility to be, e. g. , a business manager who has to make decisions in the conditions of market competition. Starting to work as a manager, the graduate finds himself/herself in a situation, in which it is necessary to take the financial risk of own decisions. This is why it seems so important to use different forms of training for future managers. Business simulation games are evaluated differently by teachers and students. This paper includes a presentation of students’ opinions about the simulation games as a teaching method and an analysis of their opinions.