Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
"Smile through It!" Keeping up the Facade While Suffering from Postnatal Depressive Symptoms and Feelings of Loss: Findings of a Qualitative Study

This qualitative study describes a research project in Norway comprising 15 mothers with postnatal depression and/or depressive symptoms and their experiences of loss in the early period following childbirth. During in-depth interviews, the mothers provided detailed descriptions of various loss subjects. Qualitative analysis revealed three global themes: loss of former identity, loss of self-reliance and lack of capacity for self-care. The analysis and discussions include perspectives from medicine and sociology. The descriptions may be valuable for health professionals’ understanding and assessment of postnatal depressive symptoms in mothers. The findings may also help to bridge the gap between medicine and sociology; furthermore, the results demonstrate the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to this multifaceted and complex phenomenon.
Entrepreneurship research in China: internationalization or contextualization?

Entrepreneurship is an emerging research field that has received much scholarly attention in recent decades. Given the global scope of this attention, this article compares entrepreneurship research in China with that in the USA and Europe. Based on publications in Social Science Citation Index and Chinese Social Science Citation Index databases over the past 10 years, we use bibliometric method to analyse entrepreneurship research in different regions. Our analysis shows that, on the one hand, entrepreneurship research in China has much in common with such research in the USA and Europe. In addition to borrowing ideas from Western researchers, Chinese entrepreneurship researchers study similar themes and use similar theoretical foundations. On the other hand, Chinese contextual environment helps preserve the uniqueness of its entrepreneurship research. Researchers deal with several context-specific topics such as guanxi, i.e. networks of interpersonal relationships, and its influence on entrepreneurship. We further discuss ways for Chinese researchers to explore the distinct context and contribute to the global literature.
N = 8 Superconformal Chern--Simons Theories

A Lagrangian description of a maximally supersymmetric conformal field theory in three dimensions was constructed recently by Bagger and Lambert (BL). The BL theory has SO(4) gauge symmetry and contains scalar and spinor fields that transform as 4-vectors. We verify that this theory has OSp(8|4) superconformal symmetry and that it is parity conserving despite the fact that it contains a Chern--Simons term. We describe several unsuccessful attempts to construct theories of this type for other gauge groups and representations. This experience leads us to conjecture the uniqueness of the BL theory. Given its large symmetry, we expect this theory to play a significant role in the future development of string theory and M-theory.
Implicit theories and conceptions of morality

In this article, the authors propose that individuals' moral beliefs are linked to their implicit theories about the nature (i.e., malleability) of their social-moral reality. Specifically, it was hypothesized that when individuals believe in a fixed reality (entity theory), they tend to hold moral beliefs in which duties within the given system are seen as fundamental. In contrast, when individuals believe in a malleable reality (incremental theory), one that can be shaped by individuals, they hold moral beliefs that focus on moral principles, such as human rights, around which that reality should be organized. Results from 5 studies supported the proposed framework: Implicit theories about the malleability of one's social-moral reality predicted duty-based vs. rights-based moral beliefs.
The development and validation of the motives for feigning orgasms scale

Most research on feigning orgasm has focused exclusively on women and on potential predictors of this behaviour, with little attention given to the underlying motives for doing so. There are currently no available scales measuring individuals’ motives for feigning orgasm. The purpose of the current research was to develop and validate a scale to assess motives for feigning orgasm among men and women. In Study 1, 53 men and 94 women completed a preliminary version of the Motives for Feigning Orgasms Scale (MFOS). More women (43.1%) than men (17.3%) indicated that that they had pretended to have an orgasm with their current relationship partner. Factor analysis was performed, yielding a six-factor solution (i.e., Intoxication, Partner Self-Esteem, Poor Sex/Partner, Desireless Sex, Timing, and Insecurity). In Study 2, the MFOS was completed by 194 participants. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted; however this analysis supported three models (i.e., two two-factor models, and one three-factor model). The Sexual Goals Questionnaire, the Behavioural Inhibition System/Behavioural Activation System Scale, and the Sexual Compulsivity Scale were also completed concurrently with the MFOS, and yielded results that supported the MFOS’s convergent and discriminant validity. Men were more likely than women to report pretending orgasm due to intoxication, discomfort or displeasure attributable to the sexual experience or to their sexual partner, and feelings of insecurity. No other gender differences on the MFOS’s subscales were found. The MFOS is a new comprehensive measure of individuals’ motivations for feigning orgasm that can help enhance our understanding of human sexual motivation.
Split visions: The introduction of the Svenglish model in Swedish football

This article examines the professionalization of Swedish football after the Second World War, and especially from 1967 — when the rules for amateurism were abolished — until 1990. In the middle of the 1970s, the football movement split in two groups, as a result of a long dispute about the future of the game as practiced both at club and at national level. The lines were drawn between a system introduced by two English coaches, Bob Houghton and Roy Hodgson, and the ‘Swedish model’ which developed within the framework of the Swedish Football Association. The sociological relevance of this conflict lies in the relation between changes in the existing social conditions of the game and the manner of how the game was to be played.
Impaired Post-Thymic Development of Regulatory CD4+25+ T Cells Contributes to Diabetes Pathogenesis in BB Rats1

One of the BB rat diabetes (diabetes mellitus (DM)) susceptibility genes is an Ian5 mutation resulting in premature apoptosis of naive T cells. Impaired differentiation of regulatory T cells has been suggested as one possible mechanism through which this mutation contributes to antipancreatic autoimmunity. Using Ian5 congenic inbred rats (wild-type (non-lyp BB) and mutated (BB)), we assessed the development of BB regulatory CD8−4+25+T cells and their role in the pathogenesis of DM. BB rats have normal numbers of functional CD8−4+25+Foxp3+ thymocytes. The proportion of CD25+ cells among CD8−4+ recent thymic emigrants is also normal while it is increased among more mature CD8−4+ T cells. However, BB CD8−4+25+Foxp3+ thymocytes fail to undergo homeostatic expansion and survive upon transfer to nude BB rats while Foxp3 expression is reduced in mature CD8−4+25+ T cells suggesting that these cells are mostly activated cells. Consistent with this interpretation, peripheral BB CD8−4+25+ T cells do not suppress anti-TCR-mediated activation of non-lyp BB CD8−4+25− T cells but rather stimulate it. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of unfractionated T cells from diabetic BB donors induces DM in 71% of the recipients while no DM occurred when donor T cells are depleted of CD8−4+25+ cells. Adoptive transfer of 106 regulatory non-lyp BB CD8−4+25+ T cells to young BB rats protects the recipients from DM. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the BB rat Ian5 mutation alters the survival and function of regulatory CD8−4+25+ T cells at the post-thymic level, resulting in clonal expansion of diabetogenic T cells among peripheral CD8−4+25+ cells.
A nonstandard smoothing in reconstruction of apparent diffusion coefficient profiles from diffusion weighted images

We present a new variational framework for simultaneous smoothing and estimation of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) profiles from High Angular Resolution Diffusion-weighted MRI. The model approximates the ADC profiles at each voxel by a 4th order spherical harmonic series (SHS). The coefficients in SHS are obtained by solving a constrained minimization problem. The smoothing with feature preserved is achieved by minimizing a variable exponent, linear growth functional, and the data constraint is determined by the original Stejskal-Tanner equation. The antipodal symmetry and positiveness of the ADC are accommodated in the model. We use these coefficients and variance of the ADC profiles from its mean to classify the diffusion in each voxel as isotropic, anisotropic with single fiber orientation, or two fiber orientations. The proposed model has been applied to both simulated data and HARD MRI human brain data . The experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of our method in estimation and smoothing of ADC profiles and in enhancement of diffusion anisotropy. Further characterization of non-Gaussian diffusion based on the proposed model showed a consistency between our results and known neuroanatomy.
Biologically inspired speech emotion recognition

Conventional feature-based classification methods do not apply well to automatic recognition of speech emotions, mostly because the precise set of spectral and prosodic features that is required to identify the emotional state of a speaker has not been determined yet. This paper presents a method that operates directly on the speech signal, thus avoiding the problematic step of feature extraction. Furthermore, this method combines the strengths of the classical source-filter model of human speech production with those of the recently introduced liquid state machine (LSM), a biologically-inspired spiking neural network (SNN). The source and vocal tract components of the speech signal are first separated and converted into perceptually relevant spectral representations. These representations are then processed separately by two reservoirs of neurons. The output of each reservoir is reduced in dimensionality and fed to a final classifier. This method is shown to provide very good classification performance on the Berlin Database of Emotional Speech (Emo-DB). This seems a very promising framework for solving efficiently many other problems in speech processing.
‘Shakespeare Reloaded’: teacher professional development within a collaborative learning community

This paper describes an instance of continuing professional development and explores the contribution it might make to the ongoing international dialogue of professional development. It reviews the way features of the current debate on effective teaching, teacher learning and continuing professional development overlap and feed into each other and questions the extent to which professional development should be teacher initiated, based in communities of learning and collaborative contexts, and inclusive of different perspectives within these contexts. The paper draws on the work of Mikhail Bakhtin as a theoretical framework to help identify the successful and salient features of this project, as well as its limitation and difficulties. The author draws on her experience of working with the innovative learning communities created in an ongoing project between the English Department at the University of Sydney and the English teaching staff at a Sydney‐based private boys’ school, and on in‐depth interviews and document analysis of one case study involving two teachers within this project. The perspectives of both the academic staff and the teaching staff will be used to inform the exploration of this innovative instance of collaboration and its implications for the ongoing debate about professional development.
The editing talk of adult ESL learners

Passage‐editing tasks are often assigned to students in second/foreign language classes, yet there seems to be very little research investigating whether such tasks are suitable for focusing learners’ attention on the grammatical structures targeted by the teacher nor on how such learners make grammatical decisions. The study reported here investigates the talk of 14 intermediate learners of ESL in a tertiary setting as they performed a passage‐editing task collaboratively — in pairs or triads. The data, transcripts of the students’ dialogues, were analysed for the kind of talk the task elicited, the grammatical items which drew the most attention from the learners, and the knowledge sources the learners used in making or defending their grammatical decisions. The analysis reveals that a passage‐editing task is an appropriate pedagogic task which draws learner attention to language choices, although it may not necessarily draw attention to the language items targeted by the teacher. Furthermore, the study.
Keeping Citizens Engaged

This study analyzes whether there are any differences in enrollment and drop-out rates between e-participation and traditional participation in a long-term citizen collaboration project. The theoretical framework is based on networked individualism. Results show that capturing and maintaining citizen interest is a daunting task, even in a sensitive topic that might generate positive and tangible benefits for citizens. The higher levels of accessibility offered by information and communication technologies (ICTs) are not enough to reverse public apathy, and person-to-person contact is more effective to maintain engagement. Based on the findings, some actions to reduce dropout in long-term citizen collaboration projects are suggested.
The future of labour movements

Introduction - Marino Regini The Past and Future of Social Studies of Labour Movements The Strength of Union Movements in Advanced Capitalist Democracies - Jelle Visser Social and Organizational Variations Labour Movements and Political Systems - J Samuel Valenzuela Some Variations The Resurgence of Labour Quiescence - Michael Shalev The Emerging Realignment Between Labour Movements and Welfare States - GA sta Esping-Andersen Trade Unions and the Disaggregation of the Working Class - Richard Hyman The Fate of Articulated Industrial Relations Systems - Colin Crouch A Stock-taking After the 'Neo-liberal' Decade Europe's Internal Market, Business Associability and the Labour Movement - Luca Lanzalaco and Philippe C Schmitter Trade Unions and Decentralized Production - Horst Kern and Charles F Sabel A Sketch of Strategic Problems in the German Labour Movement Training and the New Industrial Relations - Wolfgang Streeck A Strategic Role for Unions?
Possible types of mammary gland tumors in mice.

Tumors which develop in susceptible or nonsusceptible mammary tissues may have the same histological structure, but as the inherited characteristics of the mammary glands are not identical their growths may, perhaps, result from different causes. How may these differences be demonstrated? By observing the incidence of mammary tumors in the progeny of cancerous (and some noncancerous) mothers, it is possible to differentiate the types of mammary neoplasms arising in mice of inbred strains. In making these comparisons only those data obtained from animals subjected to normal breeding will be considered. The probable roles played by forced breeding and the administration of estrogenic hormones have been presented ( i6 ) . In an inbred strain of mice with a high incidence of mammary cancer, Strong (20) showed that there
Intergenerational Communication Beliefs Across the Lifespan: Comparative Data from India

This article examines U.S. American and East Indian young adults' perceptions of intergenerational communication. Irrespective of culture, as age of target increased, so did attributions of benevolence, norms of politeness and deference, and communicative respect and avoidance; conversely, attributions of personal vitality and communication satisfaction decreased linearly. Young adults' avoidant communication with older people negatively predicted their communication satisfaction. In India, age stereotypes and politeness norms predicted communication satisfaction. The less young Indians felt a need to be polite to older people and the more they perceived them as benevolent and active, the more communication satisfaction they reported with elders.
Tailoring New Urban Teachers for Character and Activism

This two-site, qualitative case study examined how the Chicago and Boston Public School Districts alternatively prepared new teachers through partnerships with private, nonprofit urban teacher residencies. Drawing on urban regime analysis and resource dependence theory, the study asked how the reform partners defined “teacher quality” and how the structure of their partnerships contributed to those meanings. The study produced findings indicating participants’ preferences for varying types of professional dispositions considered essential to teacher quality. The study considered the implications of reform partners “tailoring” teachers to possess specific sets of dispositions in order to fulfill ideal constructions of teacher quality and meet the instructional needs of each district.
Inadequate food and water intake determine mortality following stroke in mice

Experimental stroke models producing clinically relevant functional deficits are often associated with high mortality. Because the mechanisms that underlie post-stroke mortality are largely unknown, results obtained using these models are often difficult to interpret, thereby limiting their translational potential. Given that specific forms of post-stroke care reduce mortality in patients, we hypothesized that inadequate food and water intake may underlie mortality following experimental stroke. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 1 h of intraluminal filament middle cerebral artery occlusion. Nutritional support beginning on the second day after filament middle cerebral artery occlusion reduced the 14-day mortality rate from 59% to 15%. The surviving mice in the post-stroke support group had the same infarct size as non-surviving control mice, suggesting that post-stroke care was not neuroprotective and that inadequate food and/or water intake are the main reasons for filament middle cerebral artery occlusion–induced mortality. This notion was supported by the presence of significant hypoglycemia, ketonemia, and dehydration in control mice. Taken together, these data suggest that post–filament middle cerebral artery occlusion mortality in mice is not primarily caused by ischemic brain damage, but secondarily by inadequate food and/or water intake. Thus, providing nutritional support following filament middle cerebral artery occlusion greatly minimizes mortality bias and allows the study of long-term morphological and functional sequelae of stroke in mice.
Providing a Birth Relative Intermediary Service: The Non-Searching Adopted Person's Perspective

The past decade has seen the continuing development of intermediary services for birth relatives of adopted adults. The Department of Health in London has now published practice guidelines to encourage uniformity and good standards of provision nationally. In the following article Janet Smith and Rose Wallace examine the messages for the provision of intermediary services from the recent Children's Society research study into adopted people's search for identity and reunion. The article focuses particularly on the views and experience of non-searching adopted people who have been contacted on behalf of a birth relative.
Somatotype tendency in Chilean adolescents from Valparaíso: review from 1979 to 2011.

INTRODUCTION A good tool to determine the biotype of growing and developing subjects that has been observed is the somatotype (ST). Objetive: This research study aims to describe the ST tendency in Chilean adolescents along the years. METHODS The bibliographic review was carried out using data from Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, and SciELO. The key words used for the search were: somatotype, somatotyping, adolescent (in English and Spanish). The selected articles must describe ST in Chilean adolescents between 15 and 18 years of age. The graphic representation was made through a somato-chart and the series ST. To analyze the trajectory of the ST, the moving average method was used (SM), and the tendency line (lineal; TL), which expresses the data direction and projection. RESULTS Eight articles complied with the inclusion criteria. Samples of students between 1979 and 2011 from the Regions of Valparaíso, Araucanía, and the Metropolitan region of Chile were reported. All studies correspond to transversal samples. The authors cite and/or describe the Heath-Carter anthropometric methods to assess the ST. The results showed positive TL for the endomorph component in all ages and genders. The mesomorph component maintained in male, unlike the female's component, which was negative except for the one at 18 years old. SM trajectory describes a regularity of the mesomorphic endomorph profile in female, yet with an increase in the endomorphy. In male, a change was observed from an ectomorphic mesomorph to endomorphic mesomorph. CONCLUSIONS This progressive rise of the adipose component in both genders increases the risk of suffering non-communicable diseases.
A Comparative Study on Entrepreneurial Attitudes Modeled with Logistic Regression and Bayes Nets

Entrepreneurship research is receiving increasing attention in our context, as entrepreneurs are key social agents involved in economic development. We compare the success of the dichotomic logistic regression model and the Bayes simple classifier to predict entrepreneurship, after manipulating the percentage of missing data and the level of categorization in predictors. A sample of undergraduate university students (N = 1230) completed five scales (motivation, attitude towards business creation, obstacles, deficiencies, and training needs) and we found that each of them predicted different aspects of the tendency to business creation. Additionally, our results show that the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is affected by the rate of missing data in both techniques, but logistic regression seems to be more vulnerable when faced with missing data, whereas Bayes nets underperform slightly when categorization has been manipulated. Our study sheds light on the potential entrepreneur profile and we propose to use Bayesian networks as an additional alternative to overcome the weaknesses of logistic regression when missing data are present in applied research. El estudio de las actitudes emprendedoras está cobrando especial interés en nuestro contexto dada la trascendencia que tienen los emprendedores como agentes sociales dinamizadores del desarrollo económico. Hemos comparado la regresión logística binaria y el clasificador simple de Bayes en su habilidad para predecir la tendencia emprendedora manipulando número de casos perdidos y el nivel de categorización de los predictores del modelo. Una muestra de estudiantes universitarios (N = 1230) respondió a cinco escalas (motivación, actitud emprendedora, obstáculos, carencias y preparación percibida) y se observó que cada una de estas escalas predecía diferentes dimensiones de la tendencia a crear empresas. Por otro lado, la categorización de los predictores beneficia ligeramente a la regresión logística mientras que la presencia de casos perdidos lo hace sobre las redes bayesianas en términos del área bajo una curva ROC. Nuestros resultados arrojan luz sobre las características del emprendedor potencial y proponemos que las redes bayesianas se consideren como otra alternativa más, junto a las ya existentes, para superar las debilidades derivadas de la presencia de casos perdidos en situaciones aplicadas.