Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A novel function for the Rab5 effector Rabenosyn-5 in planar cell polarity

In addition to apicobasal polarization, some epithelia also display polarity within the plane of the epithelium. To what extent polarized endocytosis plays a role in the establishment and maintenance of planar cell polarity (PCP) is at present unclear. Here, we investigated the role of Rabenosyn-5 (Rbsn-5), an evolutionarily conserved effector of the small GTPase Rab5, in the development of Drosophila wing epithelium. We found that Rbsn-5 regulates endocytosis at the apical side of the wing epithelium and, surprisingly, further uncovered a novel function of this protein in PCP. At early stages of pupal wing development, the PCP protein Fmi redistributes between the cortex and Rab5- and Rbsn-5-positive early endosomes. During planar polarization, Rbsn-5 is recruited at the apical cell boundaries and redistributes along the proximodistal axis in an Fmi-dependent manner. At pre-hair formation, Rbsn-5 accumulates at the bottom of emerging hairs. Loss of Rbsn-5 causes intracellular accumulation of Fmi and typical PCP alterations such as defects in cell packing, in the polarized distribution of PCP proteins, and in hair orientation and formation. Our results suggest that establishment of planar polarity requires the activity of Rbsn-5 in regulating both the endocytic trafficking of Fmi at the apical cell boundaries and hair morphology.
Relationship Between Partial Gastric Volumes and Dyspeptic Symptoms in Fundoplication Patients: A 3D Ultrasonographic Study

OBJECTIVES:Impaired gastric accommodation may induce dyspeptic symptoms in postfundoplication patients. Our aim was to assess the effect of a meal on total and partial gastric volumes in relation to dyspeptic symptoms in both dyspeptic and nondyspeptic fundoplication patients using three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography.METHODS:Eighteen postfundoplication patients of whom eight with and ten without dyspeptic symptoms and eighteen controls were studied. Three-dimensional ultrasonographic images of the stomach were acquired and symptoms were scored while fasting and at 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after ingesting of a 500-ml liquid meal. From the 3D ultrasonographic images of the stomach the total, proximal, and distal gastric volumes were computed.RESULTS:Dyspeptic and nondyspeptic fundoplication patients exhibited similar total gastric volumes at 5 min postprandially compared to controls, whereas smaller total gastric volumes were observed from 15 to 60 min postprandially (p = 0.007 and p < 0.001, respectively). Postprandial proximal/total gastric volume ratios were markedly reduced in both dyspeptic (0.39 ± 0.016; p < 0.05) and nondyspeptic (0.38 ± 0.016; p < 0.01) fundoplication patients compared to controls (0.47 ± 0.008). In contrast, distal/total gastric volume ratios were larger in dyspeptic fundoplication patients (0.14 ± 0.008) compared to both nondyspeptic fundoplication patients (0.11 ± 0.007); p < 0.05) and controls (0.07 ± 0.003); p < 0.001). Dyspeptic fundoplication patients had a higher postprandial score for fullness, nausea, and pain than nondyspeptic patients (p < 0.05) and controls (p < 0.05). Meal-induced distal gastric volume increase correlated significantly with the increase in fullness (r = 0.68; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS:After a liquid meal, fundoplication patients exhibit a larger volume of the distal stomach compared with controls. Distal stomach volume was more pronounced in dyspeptic fundoplication patients and related with the increase in postprandial fullness sensations.
Exploring encoding and normalization methods on probabilistic latent semantic analysis model for action recognition

Topic models have been wildly applied in the field of computer vision, through which superior performance was yielded in various recognizing tasks. Among them, probabilistic latent semantic analysis model has earned much attention due to its simplicity and effect. But the affection of encoding and normalization methods on topic models has been ignored during the period. This paper explores the impact of encoding methods combined with different normalization on probabilistic latent semantic analysis model in the context of action classification in videos. Detailed experiments are conducted on KTH and UT-interaction datasets. The results show that an appropriate combination of encoding and normalization methods could significantly improve the performance of probabilistic latent semantic analysis model. The recognition accuracy reachs 96.44% and 93.33% on UT-interaction set1 and set2 respectively, which outperforms the state-of-the-art. Especially, we obtain 94.24% on UT-interaction set1 using sparse STIPs.
Mental illness and social integration among suicide attempters in Copenhagen

In order to describe a population of suicide attempters in an affluent suburb of Copenhagen, 100 patients were interviewed, randomly chosen from a group of 246 patients referred to psychiatric consultation after a suicide attempt. The group consisted of 71 women and 29 men. Single status, abuse, and previous suicide attempts occurred frequently as did suicide among first‐degree relatives. The most frequent reason for a suicide attempt was conflict with partners. In comparison with the normal population in the same catchment area, the patients were alone and felt lonely, but no difference was found in the group's relation to the labor market. After a four‐year follow‐up period, 9 persons had died by suicide. Borderline personality disorder and affective psychosis, no employment, 2 or more previous attempts, violent method and potential lethal attempt proved to be predictors of suicide later on. Alcohol and drug abuse, lack of social support and loneliness did not influence the risk.
Stressful life events and suicidal behaviour in countries with different development levels: Nicaragua, El Salvador, Chile and Spain

This paper presents a study conducted on 709 Latin American undergraduates from four countries with different development levels (Nicaragua, El Salvador, Chile and Spain). The intention of this paper is to value the differences in the number and characteristics of stressful life events (SLE) suffered by the participants. Another purpose is to confirm the relation between SLE and suicidal conduct in Spanish cultural contexts, through the study of a multicultural sample of Spanish-speaking university students, and finally, to isolate the SLE that allow predicting a later suicidal conduct to a greatest extent. The information was collected by means of a self-applied questionnaire. The results indicate a greater presence of SLE among those who live in countries with lower development levels and among those who have attempted committing suicide. It is observed that the fact of having suffered certain SLE—physical or sexual mistreatment, excessive alcohol or drug consumption and having left home during childhood or adolescence—aid in the prediction of later suicidal conducts in the studied samples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐dose doxapram for treatment of apnoea following early weaning in very low birthweight infants: a randomized, double‐blind study

The effects of low‐dose doxapram (0.5 mg kg−1 h−1) in combination with caffeine were evaluated on apnoea frequency following weaning from mechanical ventilation, and on blood pressure, in very low birthweight (BW) premature infants. Twenty‐nine infants with BW <1250 g, gestational age at birth (GA) <34 weeks and postnatal age <5 d, who required minimal respiratory support, were included. Following randomization, they received a loading dose of caffeine citrate and a continuous infusion of doxapram (doxapram, n= 14) or placebo (n= 15) was started. They were extubated 8 h after starting the infusion, which was continued for 5 d. During this period, weaning was well tolerated in both groups, apnoeas occurred less frequently and there was a greater increase in systolic blood pressure in infants treated with doxapram than in controls. Plasma doxapram levels were also higher than expected. It is therefore suggested that doxapram, even at low doses, should not be used during the first few days of life. Careful monitoring of blood pressure is required if doxapram is used later.
Behaviour of Young Growing Pigs in a Resident‐Intruder Test Designed to Measure Aggressiveness

A total of 125 growing pigs (47 days old) were tested for aggressive responses on two occasions using a resident-intruder (R-I) design. Our aims were twofold: (1) to attempt to replicate earlier work on pigs showing that resident aggression is a consistent individual characteristic, unaffected by weight or sex of the resident or intruder and (2) to develop behavioural measures to characterise the wide range of aggressive responses in the test. Resident pigs, housed since birth with littermates, were placed individually in a divided-off portion of their home pen, and a smaller, unfamiliar intruder (approximately 66% of the resident's weight) was introduced. The test ended 5 min after the first investigation of the intruder by the resident or when one of the pigs began to attack the other (by delivering a sudden, rapid series of bites). On days 1 and 2, 33.6% and 43.2% of tests, respectively, ended in an attack by a resident. Intruder attacks were rare. Pigs were consistent in whether they attacked or not over the two tests, although attack latencies for pigs attacking in both tests were not correlated. Females were more likely to attack and attacked more quickly than males on the first test day but not in the second test or overall. Intruder sex had some effect on the test outcome (males were attacked more rapidly in the second test only). Resident and intruder weight had no effect. Aggressive pigs (meaning pigs that attacked vs. pigs that did not and fast-attacking pigs vs. slow-attacking pigs) showed a number of differences in behaviour during the R-I test: (1) they took longer to make initial contact with the intruder in their first test; (2) they showed a higher frequency of aggressive acts (single head knocks, bites, and shoves); (3) they spent a greater proportion of the test engaging in social contact with the intruder rather than non-social behaviours; (4) their social behaviour involved more postures directed toward the head as opposed to flank- or rear-directed postures or re-establishing social contact; and (5) they showed closer physical contact with intruders during social encounters, as characterised by their lower head positions. Some of these behavioural measures could be used to improve the measuring power of the test in the future. Improved behavioural measures would enable aggressiveness scoring among pigs that did not attack instead of classifying them all together as “non-attacking. ” Aggr. Behav. 28:401–415, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PICTURE OR PLACE? A MULTIPLE SORTING STUDY OF LANDSCAPE☆

Abstract Previous research has often used photographs as a tool for examining preference for landscape and in clarifying an understanding of what is aesthetically pleasing. Implicit in their use is the assumption that they will be regarded by the participants as representing the places shown. The present study demonstrates that there is a theoretical and empirical distinction between evaluations of pictures and evaluations of the places they represent, and thus future research needs to distinguish between evaluating the content of the photograph and the places represented in them. Using a sorting task, 41 participants sorted 20 photographs of local places, which they knew, in a free sort and a directed sort. The directed short instructed the participants to think about the places in the photographs, and to sort the items according to their knowledge of those place. Analysis of the first sort showed that items were grouped according to the content of the photograph, focusing on land form and the presence of water. The second sort showed that the items were grouped according to memories and sense experiences other than just the visual information presented in the photographs. The results showed that the participants conceptualise photographs differently according to whether they are asked to evaluate the photograph or the place represented by the photograph. Landscape evaluation research therefore needs to be clear about what is being evaluated, picture or place.
An Exploration of the Use of Branding to Shape Institutional Image in the Marketing Activities of Faith-Based Higher Education Institutions

Modern higher education includes student-consumers who shop for educational opportunities and institutions that actively market themselves. This study examined the marketing of faith-based institutions to determine how faith-related missions are reflected in the printed recruitment materials, Web sites, and admissions portals of the 112 member institutions of the Council for Christian Colleges & Universities. The study attempted to quantify how strongly a university portrays the faith dimension of its identity in marketing materials and to determine whether that measure is predictive of external perception. A research instrument developed by Pendleton (2008) was used to measure the strength of faith identity in the materials. Although alumni giving rate or peer assessment score could not be predicted based on this collection of variables, the findings indicated that faith-based brand communication may be greater in admissions viewbooks than in online materials. Implications include the recommendation that Christian institutions feature the faith-component of institutional identity through all communication venues.
A test and refinement of the equity sensitivity construct

This paper reports results from two studies that test a refinement of the equity sensitivity construct first in an experimental setting and second in a field setting. Results from Study 1 show that benevolents express tolerance for both overreward and underreward relative to entitleds and equity sensitives and that benevolents report relatively high levels of satisfaction regardless of reward condition. Study 1 results also show that manipulation of outcomes produce a more dramatic effect on satisfaction than does manipulation of inputs. Results from Study 2 reveal significantly different exchange ideologies for benevolents and entitleds and show that entitleds place more importance on pay whereas benevolents place more importance on the work itself. For both benevolents and entitleds, there is a positive correlation between assessments of distributive justice and job satisfaction. Implication of the findings both for equity theory research and the practice of management are discussed.
Sexuelle Außenkontakte und -beziehungen in heterosexuellen Partnerschaften

Zusammenfassung. In der Wertehierarchie hat „Treue” fur eine uberwiegende Mehrheit der Bevolkerung einen hohen Stellenwert in der Partnerschaft. Die Enthullung sexueller Ausenkontakte und -beziehungen ist daher fur Paare eine grose Herausforderung. Ziel des Beitrags ist es, die Auftretenshaufigkeit, assoziierten Merkmale und Auswirkungen einer Enthullung sexueller Ausenkontakte bzw. -beziehungen kritisch zusammenzufassen. Nach einer systematischen Literaturrecherche werden verschiedene methodische Aspekte und Einschrankungen der referierten Studien erortert (u.a. mehrdeutige Operationalisierungen, fast ausschlieslich Querschnittstudien). In Deutschland gaben 15–26% der Frauen bzw. 17–32% der Manner im reproduktiven Alter (16–45 Jahre) sexuelle Ausenkontakte bzw. -beziehungen wahrend der aktuellen Beziehung an. Damit lagen die Auftretenshaufigkeiten etwas hoher als in den US-amerikanischen, aber im Bereich der europaischen Studien. Zusammenhange ergaben sich zu soziodemographischen, psychischen und berufli.
Unearthing, untangling and re-articulating genocide corpses in Rwanda

This paper is concerned with the mass graves and exhumed bodies of victims of the Rwanda genocide and war of the 1990s. A government-led programme of exhumation of mass burials and individual graves has taken place over the last decade. The exhumation of mass graves has been undertaken, in the main, by Tutsi genocide survivors who work under the supervision of state officials. Post-unearthing, these bodies are unravelled, and the remnants of soft flesh, clothing, personal possessions and bones are separated from each other. Skeletal structures are fully disarticulated and the bones pooled into a vast collective, for placement within memorials. The outcome of these exhumations is that remains almost always lack individual identity at the point of reinterring. A productive analytical comparison is found in examining exhumations of Spanish Civil War graves, where the fates of individual dead are closely entangled with the lives of survivors. Here there is a clear contrast with exhumations in Rwanda, in the possible re-articulation of identities with specific human remains. But a similarity is also critical: in both cases the properties of human remains, as unsettling materials, garner specific ‘affects’, which drive forward national political projects that aim to consolidate particular collective memories of conflict, albeit that this kind of ‘material agency’ is mobilized to very different ends in each case.
Effects of resveratrol and methylprednisolone on biochemical, neurobehavioral and histopathological recovery after experimental spinal cord injury

AbstractAim:To investigate the neuroprotective effect of resveratrol in an experimental spinal cord injury (SCI) model in rats.Methods:Male Wistar albino rats weighing 200–250 g were randomized into six groups. Weight-drop trauma was performed for SCI. Group 1 underwent laminectomy alone. Group 2 underwent laminectomy followed by SCI. Groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 underwent laminectomy followed by SCI and received resveratrol (100 mg/kg), methylprednisolone (MP) (30 mg/kg), resveratrol (100 mg/kg) plus MP (30 mg/kg), and ethanol (2%), respectively. The rats were divided into two subgroups for biochemical analysis (killed at 24 h after surgery) and for neurobehavioral and histopathological evaluation (killed at 6 weeks after surgery). Posttraumatic neurological recovery after surgery was recorded weekly.Results:Groups 3 and 5 revealed significantly lower malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, xanthine oxidase, and higher glutathione levels than group 4 (P<0.05). Neurological recovery rates were significantly better in groups 3 and 5 than group 4 (P<0.05). When spinal trauma size ratios were compared, there was no significant difference between treatment groups.Conclusion:Resveratrol treatment revealed better biochemical recovery in the acute stage of trauma than MP treatment. Although resveratrol and combined treatment revealed better neurobehavioral recovery than MP treatment; resveratrol, MP, and combined treatment modalities improved histopathological recovery at the same level in the final stage of the experiment. Future studies involving different doses of resveratrol and different doses combinations with MP could promise better results as each drug has a different anti-oxidative mechanism of action.
What Decisions Have You Made?: Automatic Decision Detection in Meeting Conversations

This study addresses the problem of automatically detecting decisions in conversational speech. We formulate the problem as classifying decision-making units at two levels of granularity: dialogue acts and topic segments. We conduct an empirical analysis to determine the characteristic features of decision-making dialogue acts, and train MaxEnt models using these features for the classiﬁcation tasks. We ﬁnd that models that combine lexical, prosodic, and topical features yield the best results on both tasks, achieving 64% and 83% overall accuracy, respectively. The study also provides a quantitative analysis of the relative importance of the feature types.
Interpretation, Culture and the Creation of Place

This paper brings together three concepts or themes—interpretation and the presentation of places to visitors, the concept of sense of place, and culture. It is argued that interpretation is about the creation of sense of place and as such is linked in complex ways to the cultures of the place being presented, the presenters and the visitors. It is further argued that studies into interpretation effectiveness have not yet fully considered culture as a major element of this type of tourist experience. This paper will seek to address this issue by outlining the cultural dimensions of the interpretation system or process. The paper will then describe the potential role of culture at these various points and suggest steps for further research and attention.
Usefulness of Peer Ratings of Personality in Educational Research

ALTHOUGH PEER RATINGS WERE NOT REGARDED AS vA! r INDICATORS IN TrcT ,TV^! ES. rKUJECT DEMONSTRATES THAT PEER RATINGS OF PERSONALITY CAN BF HELPFUL IN CLARIFYING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSONALITY AND ACADINIC SUCCESS. TEST CONDITIONS WERE DESIGNED TO AVOID METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS. PERSONALITY VARIABLES WERE CAREFULLY ANALYZED, AND A FORCED-CHOICE PROCEDURE WAS ADOPTED. TEST SUBJECTS WERE CAPABLE OF EFFECTIVELY RATING ONE ANOTHER BECAUSE THEY INTERACTED FREQUENTLY. PEER RATINGS WERE COLLECTED BEFORE THE FIRST MIDTERM EXAMINATIONS IN ORDER TO PREVENT AN ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE BIAS. THE RESULTS OF RELIABILITY AND FACTOR ANALYTIC STUDIES PERFORMED ON PEER-RATING DATA DEMONSTRATED A POSTIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSONALITY AND ACADEMIC SUCCESS. THE STUDY SHOWS THAT PERSEVERANCE,
Diamond- and coesite-bearing chromitites from the Luobusa ophiolite, Tibet

Diamonds and other ultrahigh pressure (UHP) minerals have been reported previously from the Luobusa ophiolite of Tibet, but these minerals have thus far been found only as individual grains. Here we report the occurrence of diamond as an inclusion in OsIr alloy and coesite as part of a silicate assemblage rimming a grain of FeTi alloy, both of which were recovered from chromitite. These occurrences confirm the presence of UHP minerals in the Luobusa chromitite requiring minimum pressures of ∼2.8–4 GPa. Individual coesite “crystals” have external form similar to that of stishovite and are polycrystalline, suggesting pseudo morphic replacement and implying a pressure >9 GPa. We propose that the UHP minerals were incorporated into the chromitites in the deep upper mantle or that they have an impact origin; the preponderance of evidence favors the former.
Critical Thinking Disposition, Self-Efficacy, and Stress of Korean Nursing Students

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among critical thinking disposition, self-efficacy, and stress of Korean nursing students. Participants of this study were 208 nursing students of 3 nursing colleges in South Korea. The level of critical thinking disposition, self-efficacy and stress were measured by Korean version of Critical Thinking Disposition Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale and Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument (BEPSI). The mean scores of critical thinking disposition, self-efficacy and stress were 117.08, 57.12, 2.46, respectively. Critical thinking disposition showed significant relationships with self-efficacy (r=.344, p<.001) and stress (r=-.207, p=.003). And Self-efficacy had significant correlation with stress level (r=-.450, p<.001). According to the results of this study, self-efficacy had positive relationship with critical thinking disposition, and stress had negative relationships with critical thinking disposition and self-efficacy. Thus educators and faculties of nursing colleges should manage stress and self-efficacy to improve the abilities of critical thinking of nursing students.