Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is There Compensatory Vowel Lengthening in the Language Acquisition of a Child with a Cochlear Implant

Is There Compensatory Vowel Lengthening in the Language Acquisition of a Child with a Cochlear Implant Compensatory vowel lengthening (CVL) is found in both adult and children's language. CVL is a process where the loss of a segment is compensated elsewhere by lengthening. It occurs mostly in languages with phonemic vowel length (de Chene and Anderson 1979). We examine CVL in the acquisition of Israeli Hebrew (IH), a language without phonemic vowel length, in a child with a cochlear implant (CI). Preliminary findings reveal: (1) a preference for the vowel /a/; (2) longer vowel duration before: (a) sonorant codas than obstruent codas; and (b) deleted sonorant codas than before preserved sonorant codas and open syllables. There is no significant difference in vowel duration before preserved and deleted obstruent codas and open syllables. We hypothesize that CVL appears in IH-speaking children but in sonorant codas only. The findings are discussed in terms of the representation of CVL in children's grammars as well as auditory deprivation, which may affect auditory perception and motor coordination.
The Effect of Emotional Labor for Job Stress in Bus Drivers

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the association between emotional labor and job stress in bus drivers, as well as to propose management strateᄈgies for job stress. Methods: The study was conducted in February 2013 and involved 182 bus drivers working in the Gyeonggi area. Results: emotional labor was 9.5±2.34 on average, and job stress was higher than the median of the same indicator among Korea’s workers in the areas of physical environment, job autonomy, and relationship conflicts. Factors that affected job stress was lower if the subjects’ Higher values for emotional labor indicated a higher level of job stress. Conclusion: To reduce among drivers, the following measures are necessary: increase the comfort of the driver’s seat within the vehicle, provide adequate rest between bus headways, provide comfortable in-house rest facilities, and establish physical training spaces to reduce musculoskeletal disorders as well as programs for reducing back pain. In addition, relationship conflicts may be relieved by increasing job autonomy as much as possible, by granting autonomous control of working hours and bus headways, as well as by banning long work hours. Moreover, various club activities, exercise programs, and counseling programs that workers can be involved in together may be beneficial. This study is significant in that it identified the relationship of the bus drivers’ emotional labor and job stress, which has previously been ignored as a research topic. Through its results, this study provides baseline data for the preparation of management strategies that can address the job stress of bus drivers.
Book Review: Girls' Violence: Myths and Realities

A great deal of information has been collected and researched with respect to crime. Although much remains to be studied on the subject, criminologists have become comfortable in making assertions to the causes and correlates of male-perpetrated crimes. However, researchers acknowledge that the assumption of criminal activity being primarily a male domain has led to a gendered view of crime that essentially excludes female-perpetrated offenses. Girls’Violence is a collection of research pieces that represent contemporary perspectives on female delinquency. This collection offers the reader a catalog of issues regarding female delinquency, including how crime and society’s response to crime is influenced by the social construction of gender, the classification of violent versus nonviolent crime, and whether female delinquency is actually increasing or rather the result of an increase in the official response to female criminality.
Primary plasma cell leukaemia.

Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare form of malignant plasma cell dyscrasia. It can occur as a primary form without prior evidence of multiple myeloma or as a secondary form which is a terminal event in multiple myeloma. It is characterised by a proliferation of plasma cells in blood and the bone marrow. The outcome of plasma cell leukemia is poor with conventional therapy. Here we illustrate a case of primary plasma cell leukemia complicated by paraplegia. The patient initially responded to combination chemotherapy but succumbed to the disease two months after presentation.
The influence of interpersonal factors on the speed of recovery from major depression

Abstract Previous research has established that a subsample of depressed patients may experience an early positive response to psychotherapy. The preconditions of this phenomenon were studied in 62 depressed adults receiving 16 weekly sessions of supportive–expressive dynamic psychotherapy. One third of the sample experienced an early rapid response (ERR), defined as a reduction of at least 50% of their intake Beck Depression Inventory score by Week 6. Despite equivalent ratings of working alliance between ERR and non-ERR patients, the former were five times more likely to recover. Pretherapy characteristics of depressed patients less likely to rapidly respond included a lower interpersonal mastery, a more domineering interpersonal style, and greater social isolation and attachment fears concerning intimacy. As a whole, these findings suggest that ERR and non-ERR patients present with dissimilar interpersonal patterns, requiring different psychotherapeutic approaches.
The contradictions of individualized activation policy: Explaining the rise and demise of One to One Service in Australia

Recent research has documented a trend towards the individualization of activation policies. This study reviews a radical Australian effort to personalize the delivery of activation policies called the One to One Service initiative, which was abandoned shortly after its introduction. The paper asks: what does the brief and tumultuous tenure of this initiative reveal about the role of the individual in contemporary welfare administration and activation policy? Based on a theoretical engagement with the works of Ulrich Beck, Elizabeth Beck-Gernsheim and Anthony Giddens, and an ethnographic study of frontline interactions in Centrelink, Australia’s national benefits agency, the paper argues we should understand the rise and fall of One to One Service in terms of contradictions between two competing forms of contemporary welfare individualization, referred to as ‘democratic relationships’ and ‘compulsory choice’. One to One Service represented a push for individualized, democratic relationships between staff and clients; yet it was undermined because policy makers chose to emphasize an alternative form of individualization premised on forcing recipients to take responsibility for their lives and move off welfare. The findings have implications for the individualization, street level bureaucracy, and activation policy literatures.
Galectin-8 Functions as a Matricellular Modulator of Cell Adhesion*

The interaction of cells with the extracellular matrix regulates cell adhesion and motility. Here we demonstrate that different cell types adhere and spread when cultured in serum-free medium on immobilized galectin-8, a mammalian β-galactoside-binding protein. At maximal doses, galectin-8 is equipotent to fibronectin in promoting cell adhesion and spreading. Cell adhesion to immobilized galectin-8 is mediated by sugar-protein interactions with integrins, and galectin-8 triggers integrin-mediated signaling cascades including Tyr phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and paxillin. Cell adhesion is potentiated in the presence of Mn2+, whereas it is interrupted in the presence of soluble galectin-8, integrin β1 inhibitory antibodies, EDTA, or thiodigalactoside but not by RGD peptides. Furthermore, cells readily adhere onto immobilized monoclonal galectin-8 antibodies, which are equipotent to integrin antibodies in promoting cell adhesion. Cell adhesion to immobilized galectin-8 is partially inhibited by serum proteins, suggesting that complex formation between immobilized galectin-8 and serum components generates a matrix that is less supportive of cell adhesion. Accordingly, cell motility on immobilized galectin-8 readily takes place in the presence of serum. Truncation of the C-terminal half of galectin-8, including one of its two carbohydrate recognition domains, largely abolishes its ability to modulate cell adhesion, indicating that both carbohydrate recognition domains are required to maintain a functional form of galectin-8. Collectively, our findings implicate galectin-8 as a physiological modulator of cell adhesion. When immobilized, it functions as a matrix protein equipotent to fibronectin in promoting cell adhesion by ligation and clustering of cell surface integrin receptors. In contrast, when present in excess as a soluble ligand, galectin-8 (like fibronectin) forms a complex with integrins that negatively regulates cell adhesion. Because of its dual effects on the adhesive properties of the cells and its association with fibronectin, galectin-8 might be considered a novel type of matricellular protein.
Tiotropium Attenuates Virus-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation in Cigarette Smoke–Exposed Mice

Viral infections trigger exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and tiotropium, a M3 receptor antagonist, reduces exacerbations in patients by unknown mechanisms. In this report, we investigated whether tiotropium has anti-inflammatory effects in mice exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) and infected with influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and compared these effects with those of steroid fluticasone and PDE4-inhibitor roflumilast. Mice were exposed to CS; infected with H1N1 or RSV; and treated with tiotropium, fluticasone, or roflumilast. The amount of cells and cytokine levels in the airways, lung function, and viral load was determined. NCI-H292 cells were infected with H1N1 or RSV and treated with the drugs. In CS/H1N1-exposed mice, tiotropium reduced neutrophil and macrophage numbers and levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the airways and improved lung function. In contrast, fluticasone increased the loss of body weight; failed to reduce neutrophil or macrophage numbers; increased IL-6, KC, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the lungs; and worsened lung function. Treatment with roflumilast reduced macrophage numbers, IL-6, and KC in the lungs but had no effect on neutrophil numbers or lung function. In CS/RSV-exposed mice, treatment with tiotropium, but not fluticasone or roflumilast, reduced neutrophil numbers and IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the lungs. Viral load of H1N1 and RSV was significantly elevated in CS/virus-exposed mice and NCI-H292 cells after fluticasone treatment, whereas tiotropium and roflumilast had no effect. In conclusion, tiotropium has anti-inflammatory effects on CS/virus-induced inflammation in mice that are superior to the effects of roflumilast and fluticasone. This finding might help to explain the observed reduction of exacerbation rates in COPD patients.
Coping and Resilience of Children of a Mentally Ill Parent

Abstract This paper examines the needs and stress reactions of children of mentally ill parents, as well as coping and resilience. The study is based on the interviews of six 9-11 years old children and narratives of seventeen female grown up children of mentally ill parents. The younger and older children of the mentally ill parents had not been informed about their parent's illness. The illness of the parent aroused a variety of emotions in them. The children used both practical problem solving and emotional coping mechanisms. Informal social support was available to them but seldom from the public services. It is recommended that professionals in mental health and child welfare services clarify their roles when working with mentally ill parents. The best interest of the child and the parenting they need should be carefully assessed. Open care measures should be offered to families early enough to prevent serious child welfare and mental problems.
Cell Kinetics and Apoptosis in Laryngeal Carcinoma Patients

Cellular proliferation and apoptosis are both implicated in the process of carcinogenesis. The objective of this study was to access the prognostic significance of the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the apoptosis-related genes (bax, bcl-2, and p53) in laryngeal carcinoma patients. Thirty consecutive patients with stage I to IV squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma were treated in our department from 1992 to 1994. We immunohistochemically studied the expression of PCNA and bax, bcl-2, and p53 genes in their tumor specimens. Five healthy men were used as the control group. The staining results were correlated with clinicopathologic data. The PCNA protein expression was correlated with a significantly worse survival in those patients who were bax-negative (0% versus 42.86%, p =.0445). Similarly, the presence of PCNA led to an unfavorable clinical outcome in those patients who were bax-negative, bcl-2-negative, and p53-negative (0% versus 50%, p =.0278). Expression of bcl-2 protein was found to be an independent prognostic factor related to an unfavorable clinical outcome (p =.0262). The expression of bcl-2 protein appears to predict survival in laryngeal carcinoma patients. Furthermore, the combined study of proliferation markers and apoptosis-related genes helped us to identify a high-risk group of patients who may benefit from a more aggressive treatment protocol.
EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON APPETITE-REGULATING HORMONES IN OVERWEIGHT WOMEN

Over the past decade, our knowledge of how homeostatic systems regulate food intake and body weight has increased with the discovery of circulating peptides such as leptin, acyl ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin and obestatin. These hormones regulate the appetite and food intake by sending signals to the brain regarding the body's nutritional status. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of appetite-regulating hormones to exercise. Nine overweight women undertook two 2 h trials in a randomized crossover design. In the exercise trial, subjects ran for 60 min at 50% of maximal oxygen uptake followed by a 60 min rest period. In the control trial, subjects rested for 2 h. Obestatin, acyl ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin and leptin concentrations were measured at baseline and at 20, 40, 60, 90 and 120 min after baseline. A two-way ANOVA revealed a significant (P < 0.05) interaction effect for leptin and acyl ghrelin. However, changes in obestatin and des-acyl ghrelin concentration were statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). The data indicated that although acute treadmill exercise resulted in a significant change in acyl ghrelin and leptin levels, it had no effect on plasma obestatin and des-acyl ghrelin levels.
Experiments with a zigbee wireless communication system for self-reconfiguring modular robots

The problem of designing reliable low-cost communications systems to support decentralized algorithms is a major research challenge in self-reconfiguring modular robotics. In this paper we evaluate a communication system based on ZigBee, a wireless ad-hoc mesh networking standard. We present a 15-node system prototype and results from an experiment of 300 trials that measures system performance on a benchmark task. The benchmark we chose is the connectivity problem - how to maintain connectivity in the module graph during the disconnections and reconnections that occur during reconfiguration. We also provide full implementation details in pseudocode for our connectivity algorithm. Our results show that, despite its inherent scalability limitations, a ZigBee wireless system is feasible as a simple, low-cost communication system for self-reconfiguring modular robots.
Responding to Activism: An Experimental Analysis of Public Relations Strategy Influence on Attributes of Publics

Experimental methods were used to examine the influence of public relations strategies on attributes of publics. Specifically, public relations strategies derived from Hazleton and Long's (1988) public relations process model were tested to determine strategy influence on problem recognition, involvement, constraint recognition, and goal compatibility toward an organization responding to activism. Results indicate that the attributes of problem recognition and involvement are influenced by public relations strategies. In addition, the findings of this study support the situational theory of publics. Items measuring involvement and goal compatibility were the strongest predictors of information seeking behavior. Findings indicate that goal compatibility is a predictor of strategy effectiveness.
Customer Aggression, Emotional Exhaustion, and Hotel Employee Outcomes: A Study in the United Arab Emirates

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to develop and test a conceptual model that investigates emotional exhaustion as a mediator of the effects of customer aggression on life satisfaction and turnover intentions. The model also examines supervisor support as a moderator of the relationships among customer aggression, emotional exhaustion, and the previously mentioned outcomes. Data were gathered from a sample of full-time Arab frontline employees in the international five-star chain hotels of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. The hypothesized relationships were tested using LISREL 8.30 through path analysis. The results demonstrate that emotional exhaustion partially mediates the effects of customer aggression on life satisfaction and turnover intentions. The results further reveal that supervisor support acts as a moderator of the impacts of emotional exhaustion on these outcomes. Implications of the findings are discussed and their future research directions are offered.
There's bears back there : Plural existentials and vernacular universals in (Quebec) English

This paper uses a multivariate analysis of variable agreement in existentials with plural reference in a corpus of Quebec English to determine the status of variable agreement as a vernacular universal. Excluding the frequent invariant form there’s from analysis, both structural and processing considerations are shown to operate. A separate multivariate analysis provides support for the hypothesis that there’s is a lexicalized form with its own set of constraints. Cross-variety comparison reveals little evidence of regional diversification and suggests instead that differences observed between studies reflect the distribution of data in each corpus. Similarities of language-internal constraints across studies provide support for variable agreement as a vernacular universal.
FSF subspace-based algorithm for joint DOA-FOA estimation

This paper presents a tree-structured subspace-based algorithm for joint estimation of the directions of arrival (DOAs) and frequencies of arrival (FOAs) in wireless communication systems. The proposed approach is a hybrid of one-dimensional (1-D) subspace-based algorithms and spatial/temporal filtering processes, both of which are invoked alternatively to enhance the estimation accuracy. Two temporal and one spatial 1-D subspace-based algorithms are employed alternatively to estimate the FOAs and the DOAs, respectively. Between these subspace-based algorithms, a constrained temporal filtering process and a constrained spatial beamforming process are addressed, which minimize the filtered noise power under a set of linear constraints. These filtering processes aim to effectively partition the incoming rays and to be robust against the propagation errors in the tree-structured estimation scheme so that the overall performance can be enhanced. Furthermore, the estimated FOAs and DOAs are automatically paired without extra computational overhead. Furnished simulations show that the new approach can provide comparable performance with reduced complexity compared with previous works.
Pre-College Factors Impacting Persistence at a Diverse University

Undergraduate student persistence has been widely studied over the past several decades; however, the majority of this research focuses on predominantly White institutions and fails to consider retention in a diverse context. To address this need, this exploratory study examined 3rd and 5th semester persistence of White and Hispanic students at a Hispanic-serving institution. In addition to traditional pre-college factors found to impact persistence, previous academic preparation, degree intent, and social class background, we examined experiences with diversity prior to entering college. The results of the logistic regressions indicate that different factors impact White and Hispanic students. Two of the three diversity experience variables, cultural awareness and racial composition of high school, were significant factors impacting persistence. The most important predictor of retention was the college cumulative grade point average.
The HIPASS catalogue - I. Data presentation

The H I Parkes All-Sky Survey (HIPASS) catalogue forms the largest uniform catalogue of H I sources compiled to date, with 4315 sources identified purely by their H I content. The catalogue data comprise the southern region δ< + 2 ◦ of HIPASS, the first blind H I survey to cover the entire southern sky. The rms noise for this survey is 13 mJy beam −1 and the velocity range is −1280 to 12 700 km s −1 . Data search, verification and parametrization methods are discussed along with a description of measured quantities. Full catalogue data are made available to the astronomical community including positions, velocities, velocity widths, integrated fluxes and peak flux densities. Also available are on-sky moment maps, position‐velocity moment maps and spectra of catalogue sources. A number of local large-scale features are observed in the space distribution of sources, including the super-Galactic plane and the Local Void. Notably, large-scale structure is seen at low Galactic latitudes, a region normally obscured at optical wavelengths.
In Defence of Ideas, or Why 'What Works' is Not Enough

The debate surrounding educational research in the UK has been fuelled by four recent government-funded publications that have thrown doubt on the validity, relevance and applicability of educational research. In this paper, the author offers a critique of these publications and questions their privileged role in informing government policy. She challenges the current trend towards instrumentalism in funded educational research, and explores the ways in which theories, rather than evidence, provide an essential infrastructure to teachers' day-to-day thinking and practice. Finally, she compares the restrictive effect of a narrow focus on 'what works' with the opportunities offered by postmodernism for broadening the scope, purpose and interpretation of the research of the future.
Essence of Culture and a Sense of History: A Feminist Critique of Cultural Essentialism

Drawing parallels between gender essentialism and cultural essentialism, I point to some common features of essentialist pictures of culture. 1 argue that cultural essentialism is detrimental to feminist agendas and suggest strategies for its avoidance, Contending that some forms of cultural relativism buy into essentialist notions of culture, I argue that postcolonial feminists need to be cautious about essentialist contrasts between “Western” and “Third World” cultures.