Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of fluid and emotional intelligence in malingering

The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of fluid (gf), social (SI) and emotional intelligence (EI) in faking the Beck Depression Inventory (2nd ed., BDI-II). Twenty-two students and 26 non-students completed Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM), a social insight test, the Schutte et al. self-report EI scale, and the BDI-II under honest and faking instructions. Results were consistent with a new model of successful faking, in which a participant’s original response must be manipulated into a strategic response, which must match diagnostic criteria. As hypothesised, the BDI-II could be faked, and gf was not related to faking ability. Counter to expectations, however, SI and EI were not related to faking ability. A second study explored why EI failed to facilitate faking. Forty-nine students and 50 non-students completed the EI measure, the Marlowe-Crown Scale and the Levenson et al. Psychopathy Scale. As hypothesised, EI was negatively correlated with psychopathy, but EI showed no relationship with socially desirable responding. It was concluded that in the first experiment, high-EI people did fake effectively, but high-psychopathy people (who had low EI) were also faking effectively, resulting in a distribution that showed no advantage to high EI individuals.
Early and Sustained Supramarginal Gyrus Contributions to Phonological Processing

Reading is a difficult task that, at a minimum, requires recognizing a visual stimulus and linking it with its corresponding sound and meaning. Neurologically, this involves an anatomically distributed set of brain regions cooperating to solve the problem. It has been hypothesized that the supramarginal gyrus (SMG) contributes preferentially to phonological aspects of word processing and thus plays an important role in visual word recognition. Here, we used chronometric transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to investigate the functional specificity and timing of SMG involvement in reading visually presented words. Participants performed tasks designed to focus on either the phonological, semantic, or visual aspects of written words while double pulses of TMS (delivered 40 ms apart) were used to temporarily interfere with neural information processing in the left SMG at five different time windows. Stimulation at 80/120, 120/160, and 160/200 ms post-stimulus onset significantly slowed subjects’ reaction times in the phonological task. This inhibitory effect was specific to the phonological condition, with no effect of TMS in the semantic or visual tasks, consistent with claims that SMG contributes preferentially to phonological aspects of word processing. The fact that the effect began within 80–120 ms of the onset of the stimulus and continued for approximately 100 ms, indicates that phonological processing initiates early and is sustained over time. These findings are consistent with accounts of visual word recognition that posit parallel activation of orthographic, phonological, and semantic information that interact over time to settle into a distributed, but stable, representation of a word.
The Power of Collective Wisdom: And the Trap of Collective Folly

Introduction CHAPTER 1: What is Collective Wisdom and How Does It Show Up? CHAPTER 2: Preparing for Collective Wisdom to Arise CHAPTER 3: Inhabiting a Different World View CHAPTER 4: Sometimes Wise, Why are Groups so Foolish CHAPTER 5: The Tragedy of Polarized Groups CHAPTER 6: An Illusion of Agreement CHAPTER 7: The Unlimited Co-Creative Power of Groups and Communities CHAPTER 8: Practices of Mindfulness for Collective Wisdom Epilogue
Amygdala Neural Encoding of the Absence of Reward during Extinction

The basolateral amygdala complex (BLA) has been identified as a critical structure mediating fear extinction. However, little is known about the functional role of neurons in the BLA during the extinction of a reward-seeking behavior. Here, we used in vivo electrophysiology procedures in freely moving rats to investigate whether and how the BLA encodes the extinction of responding for sucrose. We recorded 330 neurons from 15 rats during a within-session extinction procedure following training under a partial reinforcement schedule. Several distinct populations of neurons change their response profiles as the rat ceases to respond for the omitted reinforcer. One population of neurons (32 of 330; 10%), which responded selectively to port entries in the presence, but not the absence, of sucrose during maintenance, subsequently developed a phasic response to port entries in the absence of sucrose during the extinction epoch only. The relative proportion of these “reinforcement-omission” neurons per rat was correlated with response intensity during extinction, as well as with the rate at which reward-seeking behavior was extinguished. A subpopulation of neurons responded with opposite phasic changes in activity to port entries in the presence of sucrose and to port entries during extinction, demonstrating that BLA neurons may contribute to the detection of value differences between expected and actual outcomes. Another population of neurons (47 of 330; 14%) responded to the empty port only during extinction. Because BLA neural correlates reflect the omission of an expected reward, these neuronal populations may contribute to the expression of behavior during extinction.
Preserved Antigen-Specific Immune Response in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Responding to IFNβ-Therapy

Background Interferon-beta (IFNβ) regulates the expression of a complex set of pro- as well as anti-inflammatory genes. In cohorts of MS patients unstratified for therapeutic response to IFNβ, normal vaccine-specific immune responses have been observed. Data capturing antigen-specific immune responses in cohorts of subjects defined by response to IFNβ-therapy are not available. Objective To assess antigen-specific immune responses in a cohort of MS patients responding clinically and radiologically to IFNβ. Methods In 26 MS patients, clinical and MRI disease activity were assessed before and under treatment with IFNβ. Humoral and cellular immune response to influenza vaccine was prospectively characterized in these individuals, and 33 healthy controls by influenza-specific Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Enzyme Linked Immuno Spot Technique (ELISPOT). Results Related to pre-treatment disease activity, IFNβ reduced clinical and radiological MS disease-activity. Following influenza vaccination, frequencies of influenza-specific T cells and concentrations of anti-influenza A and B IgM and IgG increased comparably in MS-patients and in healthy controls. Conclusions By showing in a cohort of MS-patients responding to IFNβ vaccine-specific immune responses comparable to controls, this study indicates that antigen-specific immune responses can be preserved under successful IFNβ-therapy.
Two-Filter Smoothing for Accurate INS/GPS Land-Vehicle Navigation in Urban Centers

Currently, the concept of multisensor system integration is implemented in land-vehicle navigation (LVN) applications. The most common LVN multisensor configuration incorporates an integrated Inertial Navigation System/Global Positioning System (INS/GPS) system based on the Kalman filter (KF). For LVN, the demand is directed toward low-cost inertial sensors such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Due to the combined problem of frequent GPS signal loss during navigation in urban centers and the rapid time-growing inertial navigation errors when the INS is operated in stand-alone mode, some methodologies should be applied to improve the LVN accuracy in these cases. One of these approaches is to apply smoothing algorithms such as the Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoother (RTSS), which uses only the output of the forward KF. In this paper, the development of the two-filter smoother (TFS) algorithm and its implementation in LVN applications is introduced. Two different LVN INS/GPS data sets that include tactical-grade and MEMS inertial measuring units are utilized to validate the TFS algorithm and to compare its performance with the RTSS.
The Effect of a Perceived Leader's Influence on the Motivation of the Members of Nonwork-Related Virtual Communities

In the plethora of virtual communities (VCs), the importance of nonwork-related VCs is increasing because organizations want to utilize these VCs to improve their performance by means of the social interaction among the members of the nonwork-related VCs. Despite the growing importance of nonwork-related VCs, only limited research has been conducted to examine the factors affecting their members' motivation and organizational commitment. This study investigated the critical role of leaders in motivating the members of nonwork-related VCs. The influence of the members' perceptions of two leadership styles-consideration (relationship-oriented leadership) and initiating structure (task-oriented leadership)-on the members' motivation was examined. We also tested the moderating effects of the members' perceptions of three sources of power to determine how these sources could increase the leader's influence on the members. The results obtained from 92 individuals in various nonwork-related VCs showed the significant influence of the leader's consideration and initiating structure, as perceived by the members, on the members' motivation and organizational commitment. An additional finding indicated that the influence of the leader's initiating structure on the members' motivation and organizational commitment was greater than that of consideration. Furthermore, expert power had a positive moderating effect on the relationship between the leader's consideration and the members' motivation while reward power and legitimate power had negative moderating effects. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
Pseudocapillarization and associated energy limitation in the aged rat liver

Age‐related impairment of drug metabolism by the liver is consistent with hepatocyte hypoxia, suggestive of the development of a diffusional barrier to oxygen supply. Because the effects of aging on the diffusional pathway (sinusoidal endothelium and space of Disse) have not been described, we performed comparative studies on the livers of Fischer F344 rats aged 4 to 7, 12 to 15, and 24 to 27 months. Light‐microscopic examination revealed no evidence of fibrosis, cirrhosis, or other specific pathology. In contrast, scanning and transmission electron‐microscopic examination revealed that aging is associated with pseudocapillarization of the sinusoidal endothelium, indicated by defenestration with reduced porosity, thickening of the endothelium, infrequent development of basal lamina, and only minor collagen deposits in the space of Disse. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry studies showed strong expression of collagen IV, moderate expression of factor VIII‐related antigen, and weak expression of collagen I along the sinusoids of livers from old rats (P < .0001). In vitro 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis showed that aging is associated with changes in high‐energy phosphate and other metabolites, consistent with hepatocyte hypoxia. Aging in the liver is associated with changes in the sinusoidal endothelium and space of Disse that may restrict the availability of oxygen and other substrates.
Can reducing sitting time in the university setting improve the cardiometabolic health of college students?

Purpose The high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), prediabetes, and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases linked with prolonged sitting has created a need to identify options to limit sedentary behaviors. A potentially simple approach to achieve this goal in the university setting is to provide students the option to stand during courses rather than sit. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of standing in the college classroom setting on cardiometabolic risk factors in a cohort of college students. Patients and methods Healthy college students (n=21) who attended at least two courses per week (a minimum of 5 hours) in a specified university building with standing desks participated in a 7-week intervention that was divided into three phases: 3 weeks of standing, 1 week of washout (sitting), and 3 weeks of sitting. The participants (mean ± SD: age, height, weight, body mass index, and waist-to-hip ratio were 22.7±6.4 years, 174.3±10.0 cm, 70.6±14.3 kg, 23.0±3.0 kg/m2, and 0.76±0.05, respectively) were randomly assigned to the phase of intervention of which they should start (sitting or standing), and all participants engaged in sitting during the washout phase. Cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic equivalents (METs) were measured at baseline and weekly throughout the intervention. Results Paired t-tests revealed significant differences (P<0.05) in all cardiometabolic risk factors between the 3 weeks of sitting and 3 weeks of standing time blocks. Moreover, MetS z-score was significantly improved (P<0.05) during the 3 weeks of standing (–5.91±2.70) vs 3 weeks of sitting (–5.25±2.69). The METs were significantly higher (P<0.05) during standing (1.47±0.09) than during sitting (1.02±0.07). Although there was considerable interindividual variability in the ∆ MetS z-score response, there was a 100% (21/21) incidence of a favorable change (ie, responders) in MetS z-score response. Conclusion A standing desk in the classroom paradigm was found to significantly improve cardiometabolic health throughout a short 3 weeks time span. Increasing standing time in the classroom, and therefore lessening weekly sedentary behavior, could be a potential wide-scale, effective strategy for primordial prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.
Grasslands, Invertebrates, and Precipitation: A Review of the Effects of Climate Change

Invertebrates are the main components of faunal diversity in grasslands, playing substantial roles in ecosystem processes including nutrient cycling and pollination. Grassland invertebrate communities are heavily dependent on the plant diversity and production within a given system. Climate change models predict alterations in precipitation patterns, both in terms of the amount of total inputs and the frequency, seasonality and intensity with which these inputs occur, which will impact grassland productivity. Given the ecological, economic and biodiversity value of grasslands, and their importance globally as areas of carbon storage and agricultural development, it is in our interest to understand how predicted alterations in precipitation patterns will affect grasslands and the invertebrate communities they contain. Here, we review the findings from manipulative and observational studies which have examined invertebrate responses to altered rainfall, with a particular focus on large-scale field experiments employing precipitation manipulations. Given the tight associations between invertebrate communities and their underlying plant communities, invertebrate responses to altered precipitation generally mirror those of the plants in the system. However, there is evidence that species responses to future precipitation changes will be idiosyncratic and context dependent across trophic levels, challenging our ability to make reliable predictions about how grassland communities will respond to future climatic changes, without further investigation. Thus, moving forward, we recommend increased consideration of invertebrate communities in current and future rainfall manipulation platforms, as well as the adoption of new technologies to aid such studies.
What is adaptive about adaptive memory

1. Otgaar, Howe, Schwartz, & Toglia: What is Adaptive Memory? Section 1: Adaptive memory: What are the factors that drove the natural selection of memory? 2. Stanley B. Klein: Evolution, Memory, and the Role of Self-Referent Recall in Planning for the Future 3. Raoul Bell and Axel Buchner: Remembering cheaters 4. Daniel J. Burns and Joshua Hart: Living, Dying and Remembering: The Encoding Processes Involved in Survival Processing Section 2: Adaptive Memory: A Special Case for Survival Information and Processing? 5. Mark L. Howe and Mary H. Derbish: Adaptive memory: Survival processing, ancestral relevance, and the role of elaboration 6. Nicholas C. Soderstrom & Anne M. Cleary: On the Domain-Generality of Survival Processing Advantages in Memory 7. Jeanette Altarriba and Stephanie Kazanas: Survival Processing, Attention, and Interference 8. Toglia, M. P,, Leedy, A. D. , Wilde, A. M. , Baker, C. M. & & Dacey, E. M. Cognitive and social factors in the study of survival memory 9. Bennett L. Schwartz & Brock R. Brothers: Survival processing does not improve paired-associate learning 10. Edgar Erdfelder & Meike Kroneisen: Proximate cognitive mechanisms underlying the survival processing effect Section 3: Adaptive Memory in Distinctive populations 11. Memory Errors in Adaptive Recollections Henry Otgaar, Mark L. Howe, Tom Smeets, Linsey Raymaekers, & Johan van Beers 12. Linsey Raymaekers, Tom Smeets, Henry Otgaar, Maarten J.V. Peters & Harald Merckelbach: The Adaptive Value of Survival Processing in Childhood Trauma Victims 13. Corrina Maguinness and Fiona N. Newell: Recognising others: Adaptive changes to person recognition throughout the lifespan 14. Jennifer Vonk & Kelly W. Mosteller: Perceptual versus Conceptual Memory Processes in a Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) 15. Patrick Douglas Sellers II and David F. Bjorklund: The Development of Adaptive Memory 16. James S. Nairne. Adaptive Memory: Controversies and Future Directions
AB0932 Helicobacter pylori antigen specific antibodies in psoriatic arthritis

Background The role of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in the aetiopathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and psoriasis (Ps) is currently inconclusive, as studies reported increased, decreased or comparable to controls frequency of anti-Hp antibodies. Objectives To test antigen-specific Hp antibodies in a well-defined cohort of PsA patients and demographically matched Ps patients and healthy controls (HCs). Methods A total of 140 serum samples (48 PsA, 37 Ps and 55 HCs) were tested for anti-Hp antibodies by a western blot immunoassay using whole Hp extract as antigenic source. Results Overall, anti-Hp seropositivity was similar in PsA (19/48, 39.6%) and Ps (16/37 43.2%, p>0.05) but significantly lower compared to HCs (33/55, 60%, PsA vs HC, p=0.039). Overall, IgG anti-CagA and VacA, the most diagnostically relevant anti-Hp antibodies, were present in 26/48 (54.2%) and 5/48 (10.4%%) PsA patients, respectively, compared to 15/37 (40.5%) (p=ns) and 1/37 (2.7%) (p=ns) Ps respectively, as well as in 39/55 (70.9%), (p=0.079) and 4/55/97.2%) (p=ns) HCs, respectively. Compared to HCs, patients with PsA had higher reactivity to p29 (UreA) (31/48, 64.6% vs 24/55, 43.5%, p=0.033) and to p54 (24/48, 50% vs 15/55, 27.2%, p=0.017) and tended to have higher positivity against p75 antigen (9/48, 18.9% vs 3/55, 5.4%, p=0.062). Reactivity to p50 (15/48, 31.3% vs 50.9, p=0.042) and p33 antigen (3/48, 6.3% vs 10/55, 18.2%, p=0.061) was lower in PsA than in HCs. No differences on anti-Hp antigen specific antibodies was found between PsA and Ps. Conclusions Although overall reactivity to Hp in PsA and Ps is lower than HCs, Hp infection cannot safely be considered a protecting microbial agent for these diseases, as reactivities to some Hp antigens are more frequently recognised to these diseases than in HCs. Disclosure of Interest E. Patrikiou: None declared, C. Liaskos: None declared, E. Zafiriou: None declared, G. Efthymiou: None declared, T. Scheper Employee of: EUROIMMUN, W. Meyer Employee of: EUROIMMUN, A. Roussaki-Schulze: None declared, L. Sakkas: None declared, D. Bogdanos: None declared
Studies of producer self-protection and nisin biosynthesis of Lactococcus lactis

Just before the discovery of penicillin by Fleming, reports in the literature appeared that described potent antimicrobial substances produced by lactic acid bacteria. It was found that these substances were specifically active against a wide range of other gram-positive bacteria. These characteristics meant that these compounds were attractive candidates for application in either food preservation e.g. by preventing food spoilage or by inhibiting growth of food pathogens, or for pharmaceutical use, e.g. to prevent or fight infections in humans or animals. In the late sixties and early seventies, it was shown that part of the inhibitory activity of some lactic acid bacteria was due to the production of a special class of antimicrobial peptides today called lantibiotics. After the finding that lantibiotics are ribosomally synthesized peptides, a wealth of novel information was generated in the late eighties and early nineties by sequencing several of the gene clusters involved in the biosynthesis of various lantibiotics including the gene clusters for nisin. The biological system behind production, secretion and self-defence of nisin has proven to be both extensive and delicately regulated, requiring the interplay between at least eleven genes, namely nisA/Z/QBTCIPRKFEG. In this work regulation and biosynthesis of nisin was studied and the role of NisI in nisin immunity evaluated. In order to analyse the biosynthesis of nisin, mutations in the nisZ, nisB and nisP genes of the nisZBTCIPRK operon were made by gene replacement or with the integration of a plasmid. The mutations caused a drastic decrease of the transcription from the promoters upstream of the nisZBTCIPRK and nisFEG operons resulting in loss of nisin production and nisin immunity. Adding nisin externally to these mutant strains partly restored the transcriptional activity and the tolerance to nisin, but not the ability to produce active nisin. Our results show that the nisZBTCIPRK operon and the nisFEF operon are positively autoregulated via nisin and are in the same regulon. The role of NisI protein in the nisin immunity was studied by protein expression, labelling, immuno blotting and in vitro interaction methods. The results showed that NisI could exist in two forms i.e. a membrane-bound and a soluble form. NisI can interact in vitro with purified nisin and might have two biological functions-as an immunity protein and as an enhancer of the activity of nisin. The function of NisP for the maturation of nisin was studied by analysing the nisP mutant strain. It was shown …
The Rise Time of Nearby Type Ia Supernovae

We present calibrated photometric measurements of the earliest detections of nearby Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). The set of ∼30 new, unfiltered CCD observations delineate the early rise behavior of SNe Ia 18 to 10 days before maximum. Using simple empirical models, we demonstrate the strong correlation between the rise time (i.e., the time between explosion and maximum), the postrise light-curve shape, and the peak luminosity. Using a variety of light-curve shape methods, we find the rise time to B maximum for an SN Ia with Δm15(B) = 1.1 mag and peak MV = -19.45 mag to be 19.5 ± 0.2 days. We find that the peak brightness of SNe Ia is correlated with their rise time; SNe Ia that are 0.10 mag brighter at peak in the B band require 0.80 ± 0.05 days longer to reach maximum light. We determine the effects of several possible sources of systematic errors, but none of these significantly impacts the inferred rise time. We explore the degree to which comparisons between the observed and theoretically predicted rise times constrain SN Ia progenitor systems.