Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hood: a User-level Thread Library for Multiprogramming Multiprocessors Hood: a User-level Thread Library for Multiprogramming Multiprocessors Approved by Supervising Committee: Hood: a User-level Thread Library for Multiprogramming Multiprocessors

Supervisor In memory of my grandmother Kalliopi Anastasopoulou and my uncle Yannis Skliris. Acknowledgments I would like to thank my advisor, Professor Robert Blumofe, who gave me the opportunity to work in such an interesting area. I faced a plethora of challenges and he was always there to help me, work with me and give me advice with a lot of patience. Through my collaboration with Bobbby, I learned a lot about conducting research and how to improve myself, by being more methodical, productive, and organized. Above all, I really had a great time. I would also like to thank Professor Calvin Lin for his comments and suggestions as a reader of this thesis. I am grateful to Umut Acar and Emery Berger who were always willing to listen to any problems and provide a lot of helpful ideas, comments and suggestions. I also want to express my appreciation to Boyd Merworth for all of his technical assistance with the running of the experiments. Several people outside UT have also contributed to this work. Keith Randall of MIT found a bug in an early version of the the non-blocking implementation of the work-stealing algorithm and Mark Moir of The University of Pittsburgh, suggested ideas that lead us to a correct algorithm. Research Laboratory. Multiprocessor computing facilities were provided through a generous donation by Sun Microsystems, Inc. ix I would especially like to express my gratitude to my cousin Alex for his help and support during the two years that we were together in Austin. Finally, I would like to thank my family, my grandmother Sophia, my brothers Anastasis and Alexandros, and especially my parents Periklis and Flora. I would not have the opportunity to be here and nish this thesis without their love and support. This thesis presents the design and implementation of Hood, a C++ user-level threads library for parallel programming targeted for shared-memory multiproces-sors. Hood supports the abstraction of user-level threads, and it schedules those threads onto processes using a non-blocking implementation of the work-stealing algorithm. We show that our non-blocking implementation of the work-stealing algorithm delivers eecient performance under multiprogramming without any need for kernel-level resource management, such as coscheduling. With this implementation , the execution time of a computation running with arbitrarily many processes on arbitrarily many processors can be modeled as a simple function of work and critical-path length. This model holds even when the …
A survey of characteristic classes of singular spaces

A theory of characteristic classes of vector bundles and smooth manifolds plays an important role in the theory of smooth manifolds. An investigation of reasonable notions of characteristic classes of singular spaces started since a systematic study of singular spaces such as singular algebraic varieties. We make a quick survey of characteristic classes of singular varieties, mainly focusing on the functorial aspects of some important ones such as the singular versions of the Chern class, the Todd class and the Thom--Hirzebruch's L-class. Then we explain our recent "motivic" characteristic classes, which in a sense unify these three different theories of characteristic classes. We also discuss bivariant versions of them and characteristic classes of proalgebraic varieties, which are related to the motivic measures/integrations. Finally we explain some recent work on "stringy" versions of these theories, together with some references for "equivariant" counterparts.
Emotion in Context: Deep Semantic Feature Fusion for Video Emotion Recognition

Human emotions demonstrate high correlations with certain events that consist of the interaction of objects, and are usually constrained by particular scenes. In this paper, we exploit these abundant context clues for video emotion recognition. We first compute event, object and scene scores with state-of-the-art detectors based on deep neural networks. The extracted high-level features serve as effective contextual information demonstrating what is occurring in the video, and are further integrated in a context fusion network to generate a unified representation aiming to bridge the affective gap. The contribution of this paper is three-fold: (a) we are the first to incorporate event as context for emotion recognition, and we demonstrate its superiority for emotion understanding, (b) we utilize a context fusion network to exploit a comprehensive set of high-level semantics features as contextual clues and (c) the proposed framework can realize recognition in real-time and achieves state-of-the-art performance on two challenging emotion recognition benchmarks, 50.6 on VideoEmotion and 51.8 on Ekman.
Minimizing Regret with Multiple Reserves

We study the problem of computing and learning non-anonymous reserve prices to maximize revenue. We first define the {\sc Maximizing Multiple Reserves (MMR)} problem in single-parameter matroid environments, where the input is $m$ valuation profiles v^1,. ,v^m, indexed by the same n bidders, and the goal is to compute the vector r of (non-anonymous) reserve prices that maximizes the total revenue obtained on these profiles by the VCG mechanism with reserves r. We prove that the problem is APX-hard, even in the special case of single-item environments, and give a polynomial-time 1/2-approximation algorithm for it in arbitrary matroid environments. We then consider the online no-regret learning problem, and show how to exploit the special structure of the MMR problem to translate our offline approximation algorithm into an online learning algorithm that achieves asympototically time-averaged revenue at least 1/2 times that of the best fixed reserve prices in hindsight. On the negative side, we show that, quite generally, computational hardness for the offline optimization problem translates to computational hardness for obtaining vanishing time-averaged regret. Thus our hardness result for the MMR problem implies that computationally efficient online learning requires approximation, even in the special case of single-item auction environments.
Resources and repertoires: Elderly online practices

Inspired by the theoretical notion of media repertoires, this article analyses what online repertoires Swedish senior citizens construct in everyday life. It answers two research questions: What online repertoires do elderly users have? How do elderly users’ online repertoires vary depending on their access to material, discursive and social resources? The article draws on data from a large, representative Swedish survey (n = 1264, response rate 63%), and uses correlations and multiple regression analysis to identify and analyse online repertoires with reference to elderly users’ access to resources such as income, infrastructure, level of education and social networks. The analysis reveals a significant element of selectivity in the online repertoires of elderly users. It also shows strong connections between different Internet activities. In addition, it offers substantial evidence in support of the proposition that individuals who are resource rich have broader repertoires and higher frequency of usage than other users.
LAPTM4B Allele *2 Is a Marker of Poor Prognosis Following Hepatic Tumor Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background Lysosomal protein transmembrane 4 beta (LAPTM4B) is a gene related to hepatocellular carcinoma that has two alleles designated LAPTM4B*1 and LAPTM4B*2. This study aimed to investigate the correlation of LAPTM4B genotype with prognosis and clinicopathologic features in patients who have undergone resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methodology/Principal Findings The LAPTM4B genotype was analyzed by PCR in 68 patients who had undergone curative hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. The correlation of LAPTM4B genotype with clinicopathologic parameters was assessed with the Chi-squared test. Differences in patient survival were determined by the Kaplan–Meier method. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors was carried out with Cox regression analysis. Patients with LAPTM4B *2 had both significantly shorter overall survival (OS) and shorter disease-free survival (DFS) (both P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that LAPTM4B genotype is an independent prognostic factor for OS and DFS (both P<0.001). Conclusions/Significance Allele *2 of LAPTM4B is a risk factor associated with poor prognosis in patients with resected HCC. LAPTM4B status may be useful preoperatively as an adjunct in evaluation of the operability of HCC.
Temporal Structure in Zebra Finch Song: Implications for Motor Coding

Adult zebra finch songs consist of stereotyped sequences of syllables. Although some behavioral and physiological data suggest that songs are structured hierarchically, there is also evidence that they are driven by nonhierarchical, clock-like bursting in the premotor nucleus HVC (used as a proper name). In this study, we developed a semiautomated template-matching algorithm to identify repeated sequences of syllables and a modified dynamic time-warping algorithm to make fine-grained measurements of the temporal structure of song. We find that changes in song length are expressed across the song as a whole rather than resulting from an accumulation of independent variance during singing. Song length changes systematically over the course of a day and is related to the general level of bird activity as well as the presence of a female. The data also show patterns of variability that suggest distinct mechanisms underlying syllable and gap lengths: as tempo varies, syllables stretch and compress proportionally less than gaps, whereas syllable–syllable and gap–gap correlations are significantly stronger than syllable–gap correlations. There is also increased temporal variability at motif boundaries and especially strong positive correlations between the same syllables sung in different motifs. Finally, we find evidence that syllable onsets may have a special role in aligning syllables with global song structure. Generally, the timing data support a hierarchical view in which song is composed of smaller syllable-based units and provide a rich set of constraints for interpreting the results of physiological recordings.
Multimarker Approach in Cardiovascular Risk Prediction

Various biomarkers express different pathways and pathophysiologic mechanisms of cardiovascular disease, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, myocardial injury, activation of the neurohormonal pathways, myocardial stress and renal function. Current thinking supports the notion that the combination of these biomarkers could increase their diagnostic and prognostic value. The multimarker approach offers benefits since it increases the diagnostic and prognostic information and may help in the design of a strategy for prevention or management of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the current review is to describe the characteristics of promising biomarkers which have shown an important additive value in the assessment of cardiovascular risk. Also, an extended reference is made regarding studies that address the prognostic value of multimarker models in the settings of primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and secondary prevention for patients with acute coronary syndromes, chronic coronary artery disease and heart failure.
On the Rate-Distortion Performance of Compressed Sensing

Encouraging recent results in compressed sensing or compressive sampling suggest that a set of inner products with random measurement vectors forms a good representation of a source vector that is known to be sparse in some fixed basis. With quantization of these inner products, the encoding can be considered universal for sparse signals with known sparsity level. We analyze the operational rate-distortion performance of such source coding both with genie-aided knowledge of the sparsity pattern and maximum likelihood estimation of the sparsity pattern. We show that random measurements induce an additive logarithmic rate penalty, i.e., at high rates the performance with rate R + O(log R) and random measurements is equal to the performance with rate R and deterministic measurements matched to the source.
Changing systems to scale up an evidence-based educational intervention

Abstract This paper reflects on a nationwide scale-up effort of school-wide Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (PBIS) and offers lessons learned that may be applied to the scaling of other evidence-based educational practices. Core elements of PBIS are reviewed and the importance of “implementation science” for the scaling of PBIS is discussed. The expansion of PBIS to over 23,000 schools and nearly every state has been enhanced by the conceptual foundation of implementation science. Likewise, implementation science has benefited from the practical application and research from PBIS scientists and practitioners who have begun to provide support for the implementation science formula for successful uses of evidence-based programs. This analysis offers an expanded definition of evidence-based practice that subsumes a systems approach to implementation. Although many insights are provided into the scale up process, the lack of a tipping point for widespread implementation of PBIS is notable.
The neuroanatomy of autism – a developmental perspective

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders that are diagnosed solely on the basis of behaviour. A large body of work has reported neuroanatomical differences between individuals with ASD and neurotypical controls. Despite the huge clinical and genetic heterogeneity that typifies autism, some of these anatomical features appear to be either present in most cases or so dramatically altered in some that their presence is now reasonably well replicated in a number of studies. One such finding is the tendency towards overgrowth of the frontal cortex during the early postnatal period. Although these reports have been focused primarily on the presumed pathological anatomy, they are providing us with important insights into normal brain anatomy and are stimulating new ideas and hypotheses about the normal trajectory of brain development and the function of specific anatomical brain structures. The use of model systems that include genetic model organisms such as the mouse and, more recently, human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived brain organoids to model normal and pathological human cortical development, is proving particularly informative. Here we review some of the neuroanatomical alterations reported in autism, with a particular focus on well‐validated findings and recent advances in the field, and ask what these observations can tell us about normal and abnormal brain development.
Complementary Prognostic Values of Stress Myocardial Perfusion and Late Gadolinium Enhancement Imaging by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Patients With Known or Suspected Coronary Artery Disease

Background— Recent studies have demonstrated the significant prognostic value of stress cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) myocardial perfusion imaging. Apart from characterizing reversible perfusion defect (RevPD) from flow-limiting coronary stenosis, CMR late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging is currently the most sensitive method for detecting subendocardial infarction (MI). We therefore tested the hypothesis that characterization of these 2 processes from coronary artery disease by CMR can provide complementary prognostic values. Methods and Results— We performed CMR myocardial perfusion imaging followed by LGE imaging on 254 patients referred with symptoms of myocardial ischemia. At a median follow-up of 17 months, 49 cardiac events occurred, including 12 cardiac deaths, 16 acute MIs, and 21 cardiac hospitalizations. RevPD and LGE both maintained a >3-fold association with cardiac death or acute MI (death/MI) when adjusted for each other and for the effects of patient age and gender (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.31; P=0.02; and hazard ratio, 3.43; P=0.01, respectively). In patients without a history of MI who had negative RevPD, LGE presence was associated with a >11-fold hazards increase in death/MI. Patients with neither RevPD nor LGE had a 98.1% negative annual event rate for death/MI. For association with major adverse cardiac events, RevPD was the strongest multivariable variable in the best overall model (hazard ratio, 10.92; P<0.0001). Conclusions— CMR imaging provides robust risk stratification for patients who present with symptoms of ischemia. Characterization of RevPD and LGE by CMR provides strong and complementary prognostic implication for cardiac death or acute MI.
Automatic image annotation using tag-related random search over visual neighbors

In this paper, we propose a novel image auto-annotation model using tag-related random search over range-constrained visual neighbors of the to-be-annotated image. The proposed model, termed as TagSearcher, observes that the annotating performances of many previous visual-neighbor-based models are generally sensitive to the quantity setting of visual neighbors, and the probabilities for visual neighbors to be selected is better to be tag-dependent, meaning that each candidate tag can have its own trustworthy part of visual neighbors for score prediction. And thus TagSearcher uses a constrained range rather than an identical and fixed number of visual neighbors for auto-annotation. By performing a novel tag-related random search process over the graphical model made up of range-constrained visual neighbors, TagSearcher can find the trustworthy part for each candidate tag, and further utilize both visual similarities and tag correlations for score prediction. With the range constraint for visual neighbors and the tag-related random search process, TagSearcher can not only achieve satisfactory annotating performances, but also reduce the performance sensitivity. Experiments conducted on benchmark Corel5k well demonstrate its rationality and effectiveness.
Food-based dietary guidelines: some assumptions tested for the Netherlands

Recently, the concept of food-based dietary guidelines has been introduced by WHO and FAO. For this concept, several assumptions were necessary. The validity and potential consequences of some of these assumptions are discussed in this paper on the basis of the Dutch National Food Consumption Surveys. The topics were interrelationships among dietary characteristics, nutrient density, diets in accordance with the guidelines, and food variety. To obtain insight into overall diet quality, a dietary quality index based on nutrients and a food-based quality index based on food groups were created and tested. As expected the results showed that a higher dietary quality index was associated with an improved intake of the nutrients included in the index, in particular a lower intake of total fat and cholesterol. This was related to a lower consumption of cheese, fats and oils, meat and meat products, and a higher consumption of fruit and vegetables. The information obtained with a dietary quality index can be used to assess the feasibility of a particular goal in combination with other relevant goals and to obtain clues or confirmation for recommendations regarding food consumption. The food-based quality index created showed that a combination of several food-based goals (formulated in quantitative terms) was associated with an increase in food consumption, without a clear relevance for the dietary quality. Therefore, the formulation of food-based guidelines should be based on explicitly stated dietary goals. The findings regarding nutrient density were in the direction of what was assumed, namely a positive association between density and absolute intake, although the expected effects were not completely found. The results regarding the association between variety and dietary intake were characterized mainly by differences in quantity rather than dietary quality. The data indicate that energy intake may be an important pitfall in implementing food-based dietary guidelines, that ‘eat a variety of food’ can be an empty slogan and that nutrient density is positively related to the absolute intake of specific micronutrients. Further, the ‘absence’ of interrelationships among risk nutrients indicates that a selection process has to be applied.
3,3′,4,4′,5-Pentachlorobiphenyl Inhibits Drug Efflux Through P-Glycoprotein in KB-3 Cells Expressing Mutant Human P-Glycoprotein

The effects on the drug efflux of 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126), the most toxic of all coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs), were examined in KB-3 cells expressing human wild-type and mutant P-glycoprotein in which the 61st amino acid was substituted for serine or phenylalanine (KB3-Phe61). In the cells expressing P-glycoproteins, accumulations of vinblastine and colchicine decreased form 85% to 92% and from 62% to 91%, respectively, and the drug tolerances for these chemicals were increased. In KB3-Phe61, the decreases in drug accumulation were inhibited by adding PCB-126 in a way similar to that with cyclosporine A: by adding 1 μM PCB-126, the accumulations of vinblastine and colchicine increased up to 3.3- and 2.3-fold, respectively. It is suggested that PCB-126 decreased the drug efflux by inhibiting the P-glycoprotein in KB3-Phe61. Since there were various P-glycoproteins and many congeners of Co-PCBs, this inhibition has to be considered a new cause of the toxic effects of Co-PCBs.
Proof of the holographic formula for entanglement entropy

Entanglement entropy for a spatial partition of a quantum system is studied in theories which admit a dual description in terms of the anti-de Sitter (AdS) gravity one dimension higher. A general proof of the holographic formula which relates the entropy to the area of a codimension 2 minimal hypersurface embedded in the bulk AdS space is given. The entanglement entropy is determined by a partition function which is defined as a path integral over Riemannian AdS geometries with non-trivial boundary conditions. The topology of the Riemannian spaces puts restrictions on the choice of the minimal hypersurface for a given boundary conditions. The entanglement entropy is also considered in Randall-Sundrum braneworld models where its asymptotic expansion is derived when the curvature radius of the brane is much larger than the AdS radius. Special attention is payed to the geometrical structure of anomalous terms in the entropy in four dimensions. Modification of the holographic formula by the higher curvature terms in the bulk is briefly discussed.
Remembering to Forget

Daydreaming mentally transports people to another place or time. Many daydreams are similar in content to the thoughts that people generate when they intentionally try to forget. Thus, thoughts like those generated during daydreaming can cause forgetting of previously encoded events. We conducted two experiments to test the hypothesis that daydreams that are more different from the current moment (e.g., in distance, time, or circumstance) will result in more forgetting than daydreams that are less different from the current moment, because they result in a greater contextual shift. Daydreaming was simulated in the laboratory via instructions to engage in a diversionary thought. Participants learned a list of words, were asked to think about autobiographical memories, and then learned a second list of words. They tended to forget more words from the first list when they thought about their parents’ home than when they thought about their current home (Experiment 1). They also tended to forget more when they thought about an international vacation than when they thought about a domestic vacation (Experiment 2). These results support a context-change account of the amnesic effects of daydreaming.