Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Testing Efficiency of Empirical, Adaptive, and Global MHD Magnetospheric Models to Represent the Geomagnetic Field in a Variety of Conditions

We used data for eight magnetospheric spacecraft providing magnetic observations in various magnetospheric domains during a six‐day time period, including the June 2015 storm, and a five‐day period including the March 2015 storm. For these time intervals, containing different solar wind regimes and different activity levels, we used three types of metrics to compare predictions of all existing types of magnetospheric magnetic field models, including empirical models (TA15, TS05, and T96), a data‐adapted model (AM03), and a global magnetohydrodynamic model (Space Weather Modeling Framework/Block Adaptive Tree Solar Wind–Roe–Upwind Scheme coupled with Rice Convection Model). In total, the models are ranked in the order: AM03, TS05, TA15, Space Weather Modeling Framework, and T96. The regional scores may differ from the average ones (in particular, better scores are obtained at GEO, compared to the inner magnetosphere) and also the model effectiveness varies with activity conditions (for example, TA15 outperforms other models in quiet conditions, but TS05 leads during active times). Quite unexpectedly, although run at modest resolution, the community available global magnetohydrodynamic model closely approached the best scores of empirical statistical models during the moderate/high disturbed periods in the June event, suggesting that this kind of modeling may now compete with other type models. We also carried out the field line mapping from fixed points in the equatorial magnetosphere to the ionosphere, using different models to examine the storm time foot point excursions (which may be as large as ~10° CGLat during storm time sudden commencements) and their uncertainties, quantified by the difference between the model predictions.
Advertising in Health Insurance Markets

The effects of television advertising in the market for health insurance are of distinct interest to both firms and regulators. Regulators are concerned about firms potentially using ads to “cream skim,” or attract an advantageous risk pool, as well as the potential for firms to use misinformation to take advantage of the elderly. Firms are interested in using advertising to acquire potentially highly profitable seniors. Meanwhile, health insurance is a useful setting to study the mechanisms through which advertising could work. Using the discontinuity in advertising exposure created by the borders of television markets, this study estimates the effects of advertising on consumer choice in health insurance. Television advertising has a small effect on brand enrollments, making advertising a relatively expensive means of acquiring customers. Heterogeneous effects point to advertising being more effective in less healthy counties, which runs opposite to the concern of cream skimming. Leveraging the unilateral cessation of advertising by United-Healthcare, evidence is provided that the small advertising effect is not explained by a prisoner’s dilemma equilibrium. An analysis of longer-run effects of advertising shows that advertising effects are short lived, further decreasing the potential of advertising to create long-run value to the firm.
Early Gut Microbiota Perturbations Following Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis to Prevent Group B Streptococcal Disease

The faecal microbiota composition of infants born to mothers receiving intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis with ampicillin against group B Streptococcus was compared with that of control infants, at day 7 and 30 of life. Recruited newborns were both exclusive breastfed and mixed fed, in order to also study the effect of dietary factors on the microbiota composition. Massive parallel sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and qPCR analysis were performed. Antibiotic prophylaxis caused the most marked changes on the microbiota in breastfed infants, mainly resulting in a higher relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, compared with control infants (52% vs. 14%, p = 0.044) and mixed-fed infants (52% vs. 16%, p = 0.13 NS) at day 7 and in a lower bacterial diversity compared to mixed-fed infants and controls. Bifidobacteria were also particularly vulnerable and abundances were reduced in breastfed (p = 0.001) and mixed-fed antibiotic treated groups compared to non-treated groups. Reductions in bifidobacteria in antibiotic treated infants were also confirmed by qPCR. By day 30, the bifidobacterial population recovered and abundances significantly increased in both breastfed (p = 0.025) and mixed-fed (p = 0.013) antibiotic treated groups, whereas Enterobacteriaceae abundances remained highest in the breastfed antibiotic treated group (44%), compared with control infants (16%) and mixed-fed antibiotic treated group (28%). This study has therefore demonstrated the short term consequences of maternal intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis on the infant faecal microbial population, particularly in that of breastfed infants.
Modelling galaxy clustering in a high-resolution simulation of structure formation

We use the Millennium Simulation, a 10 billion particle simulation of the growth of cosmic structure, to construct a new model of galaxy clustering. We adopt a methodology that falls midway between the traditional semi-analytic approach and the halo occupation distribution (HOD) approach. In our model, we adopt the positions and velocities of the galaxies that are predicted by following the orbits and merging histories of the substructures in the simulation. Rather than using star formation and feedback ‘recipes’ to specify the physical properties of the galaxies, we adopt parametrized functions to relate these properties to the quantity Minfall, defined as the mass of the halo at the epoch when the galaxy was last the central dominant object in its own halo. We test whether these parametrized relations allow us to recover the basic statistical properties of galaxies in the semi-analytic catalogues, including the luminosity function, the stellar mass function and the shape and amplitude of the two-point correlation function evaluated in different stellar mass and luminosity ranges. We then use our model to interpret recent measurements of these quantities from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data. We derive relations between the luminosities and the stellar masses of galaxies in the local Universe and their host halo masses. Our results are in excellent agreement with recent determinations of these relations by Mandelbaum et al. using galaxy‐galaxy weak lensing measurements from the SDSS.
Non‐Uniform Age‐Related Decrements in Regional Sweating and Skin Blood Flow

Aging is associated with attenuated thermoregulatory effector function which varies regionally over the body. Our aim was to examine age‐related alterations in the relation between regional sweating (RSR) and skin blood flow (SkBF) in response to thermal and pharmacological stimuli. Four microdialysis (MD) fibers were placed in the ventral forearm, abdomen, thigh, and lower back of 8 healthy older (O, 64 ± 2 yrs) and 9 young (Y, 23 ± 2 yrs) men and women matched for anthropometric characteristics and VO2max. RSR and SkBF (laser‐Doppler flux; LDF) were measured over each MD site during whole body heating (WBH; Δ1°C oral temperature) and acetylcholine dose response protocols (ACh 1×10−7–0.1M). During WBH RSRs were attenuated (p<0.001) and onset thresholds were delayed at all sites (p<0.05) in the O. SkBF was also attenuated with age (p<0.001) with few differences in onset (Y vs. O back p<0.05). Within groups, RSR (p<0.001) but not SkBF varied among sites. Cholinergic sensitivity was similar between groups for RSR but varied for SkBF (arm 1.0–10mM P<0.05; abdomen p<0.05). RSR did not differ among sites but SkBF varied in the O (p<0.05). Together these data suggest regional age‐related decrements in heat‐activated sweat gland function but not cholinergic sensitivity. Site‐specific difference in sweating tend to disappear with aging.
Cancer and Radiation Therapy: Current Advances and Future Directions

In recent years remarkable progress has been made towards the understanding of proposed hallmarks of cancer development and treatment. However with its increasing incidence, the clinical management of cancer continues to be a challenge for the 21st century. Treatment modalities comprise of radiation therapy, surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and hormonal therapy. Radiation therapy remains an important component of cancer treatment with approximately 50% of all cancer patients receiving radiation therapy during their course of illness; it contributes towards 40% of curative treatment for cancer. The main goal of radiation therapy is to deprive cancer cells of their multiplication (cell division) potential. Celebrating a century of advances since Marie Curie won her second Nobel Prize for her research into radium, 2011 has been designated the Year of Radiation therapy in the UK. Over the last 100 years, ongoing advances in the techniques of radiation treatment and progress made in understanding the biology of cancer cell responses to radiation will endeavor to increase the survival and reduce treatment side effects for cancer patients. In this review, principles, application and advances in radiation therapy with their biological end points are discussed.
COPD and air travel: does hypoxia-altitude simulation testing predict in-flight respiratory symptoms?

The reduced pressure in an aircraft cabin may cause significant hypoxaemia and respiratory symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The current study evaluated whether there is a relationship between hypoxaemia obtained during hypoxia-altitude simulation testing (HAST), simulating an altitude of 2438 m, and the reporting of respiratory symptoms during air travel. 82 patients with moderate to very severe COPD answered an air travel questionnaire. Arterial oxygen tensions during HAST (PaO2HAST) in subjects with and without in-flight respiratory symptoms were compared. The same questionnaire was answered within 1 year after the HAST. Mean±sd PaO2HAST was 6.3±0.6 kPa and 62 (76%) of the patients had PaO2HAST <6.6 kPa. 38 (46%) patients had experienced respiratory symptoms during air travel. There was no difference in PaO2HAST in those with and those without in-flight respiratory symptoms (6.3±0.7 kPa versus 6.3±0.6 kPa, respectively; p=0.926). 54 (66%) patients travelled by air after the HAST, and patients equipped with supplemental oxygen (n=23, 43%) reported less respiratory symptoms when flying with than those without such treatment (four (17%) versus 11 (48%) patients; p=0.039). In conclusion, no difference in PaO2HAST was found between COPD patients with and without respiratory symptoms during air travel. Hypoxia-altitude simulation testing does not predict in-flight respiratory symptoms in COPD patients http://ow.ly/nUCtF
MCPC-131-2007 Format Customization : The Impact of Info Presentation Format and Consumer ’ s Learning Style on Communication Efficiency and Purchasing Decision

This research review information acquisition and analysis processes in both marketing and education literature and will empirically test the applicability of the VAK (visuals, auditory, kinesthetic/tactile) perceptual learning styles model to customize online info presentation format. This is performed by studying the effect of matching distinct online presentation formats with consumers’ learning style on communication efficiency and purchasing decision. A 3(visual-rich, auditory-rich, and interactive/simulation-rich for online presentation format)X 3(visuals, auditory, kinesthetic/tactile for consumer’s learning style) experiment is under development. While the purpose of experiment is to test for presentation format and learning style congruency effect on communication efficiency and purchasing decision and present a reliable scale for consumer perceptual learning styles, it would also reveal a potential superiority of one format for the general population, i.e. indifferent learning style, and enable to verify specific response patterns, i.e. for individuals with two prevalent learning styles, for kinesthetic/tactile individuals. Communication efficiency will be measured by memory recall and website assessment; purchasing decision is reflected by product evaluation time, perceived purchase risk and intention to buy. Different product categories with different complexity and tangibility levels are included at the simulated site to reduce product-characteristics effect and allow for generalizability of findings. Research in mass customization and personalization has so far stressed production and technology aspects of the process. While some studies have showed how customizing item locations at a certain media, i.e. customized email, based on consumers’ observed behaviour or preferences can enhance communication efficiency or productivity (Ansari, 2003), other research in online behaviour have concentrated on modeling and predicting online consumer and shopping behavior (Montgomery, Srinivasan, Li and Liechty, 2004; Sismeiro and Bucklin, 2004; Kalczynski, Senecal, and Nantel, 2006), showing that models could be useful in predicting behavior based on current status, demographics, visit sequence and clickstream. Consumer research has shown that differences in consumers predict where and how a consumer chooses to shop and be motivated to behave in a certain way (Roth, 1997). Internet technology has been advancing rapidly making it possible to provide a personalized webpage, in both content and format, for each
Continuance Intention to Use Facebook: A Study of Perceived Enjoyment and TAM

The use of social networking sites has emerged rapidly as an ideal platform for social interaction. Different social networking sites are characterized according to their usage like business networking, entertainment and social interactions. Facebook, the most commonly used site for social interactions has the large number of users worldwide. This study aims to identify the continuance intention of using facebook, through an extension of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). TAM is one of the most useful models used for predicting user acceptance. Perceived Enjoyment was added to the TAM variables to explain the continuance intention to use Facebook. A survey method was adopted and the sample constituted students of undergraduate and post graduate courses. The results reveal that the model explains 36% variation in the continuance intention to use Facebook. Perceived Enjoyment was seen to be a strong determinant of attitude towards using Facebook in this study.
The Dynamics of Full Employment

Persistent unemployment is recognised as one of the main mechanisms of social and political exclusion. The Dynamics of Full Employment provides a new and fresh approach to the question of full employment in contemporary society. It offers an internationally comparative, interdisciplinary approach to the dynamics of full employment and views the labour market not only as an economic institution, but as a social one.
C L I N I C a L a R T I C L E

1 E ach year 1.5 million Americans sustain a TBI, 18 leading to more than 50,000 deaths and 290,000 hospitalizations with outcomes that are far from uniform. Accurately predicting TBI outcomes is a significant clinical challenge and has implications for factors extending from treatment decisions to family counseling. 15 A recent survey of physicians has revealed that only 37% believe that they accurately assess prognosis. 17 Of 60 survey respondents, 88% said that a more accurate model would change the way they report prognosis to a relative, and 67% said it would alter patient care. Artificial neural networks, computational models based on the presumed architecture of the human brain, offer a unique way to model complex systems. Although many types of ANNs exist, one of the most common structures consists of an interconnected group of nodes in multiple layers, in which input nodes and output nodes have clinical correlates. Hidden nodes, which connect to inputs and outputs, allow nonlinear interactions among the input variables and do not have real-world correlates (Fig. 1). The nodes are connected by links, and " each " link has an associated weight. This network is " trained " by exposure to inputs paired with known outputs, and " learning " occurs when the weights between nodes are modified according to feedback. The computational power of an ANN is derived from the distributed nature of connections. 1,4 Once a model is trained it can then be tested against novel records to predict outputs. Object. The authors describe the artificial neural network (ANN) as an innovative and powerful modeling tool that can be increasingly applied to develop predictive models in neurosurgery. They aimed to demonstrate the utility of an ANN in predicting survival following traumatic brain injury and compare its predictive ability with that of regression models and clinicians. Methods. The authors designed an ANN to predict in-hospital survival following traumatic brain injury. The model was generated with 11 clinical inputs and a single output. Using a subset of the National Trauma Database, the authors " trained " the model to predict outcome by providing the model with patients for whom 11 clinical inputs were paired with known outcomes, which allowed the ANN to " learn " the relevant relationships that predict outcome. The model was tested against actual outcomes in a novel subset of 100 patients derived from the same database. For comparison with traditional forms …
Semi-autonomous control of 6-DOF crawler robot having flippers for getting over unknown-steps

A rescue crawler robot having flipper arm has high ability to get over rough terrain, but it is hard to control its flippers in remote control. The authors aim at development of a semi-autonomous control system for the crawler robot. In the system, moving direction is specified by an operator at remote place. Joypad (Sony PS2 controller) is used as input devise. For increasing its stability and robustness about change of the environment, its flippers are controlled according to sensor informations which can be obtained in real-time. Concretely, the robot recognizes the environment (upward step or downward step) using its physical model, its postural information, flippers' contact and distance between the body and ground, and controls these flippers. In this movie, we show you performance of our proposed control method using "Aladdin".
Blowing Off Steam: Tuffisite Formation As a Regulator for Lava Dome Eruptions

Tuffisites are veins of variably sintered, pyroclastic particles that form in conduits and lava domes as a result of localized fragmentation events during gas-and-ash explosions. Those observed in-situ on the active 2012 lava dome of Volcan de Colima range from voids with intra-clasts showing little movement and interpreted to be failure-nuclei, to sub-parallel lenses of sintered granular aggregate interpreted as fragmentation horizons, through to infilled fractures with evidence of viscous remobilization. All tuffisites show evidence of sintering. Further examination of the complex fracture-and-channel patterns reveals viscous backfill by surrounding magma, suggesting that lava fragmentation was followed by stress relaxation and continued viscous deformation as the tuffisites formed. The natural tuffisites are more permeable than the host andesite, and have a wide range of porosity and permeability compared to a narrower window for the host rock, and gauging from their significant distribution across the dome, we posit that the tuffisite veins may act as important outgassing pathways. To investigate tuffisite formation we crushed and sieved andesite from the lava dome and sintered it at magmatic temperatures for different times. We then assessed the healing and sealing ability by measuring porosity and permeability, showing that sintering reduces both over time. During sintering the porosity-permeability reduction occurs due to the formation of viscous necks between adjacent grains, a process described by the neck-formation model of Frenkel (1945). This process leads the granular starting material to a porosity-permeability regime anticipated for effusive lavas, and which describes the natural host lava as well as the most impervious of natural tuffisites. This suggests that tuffisite formation at Volcan de Colima constructed a permeable network that enabled gas to bleed passively from the magma. We postulate that this progressively reduced the lava dome’s ability to seal and build pressure that drives explosions. Indeed, the time interval between explosions during 2007 to 2011 gradually increased before the onset of a period of quiescence starting in June 2011. We suggest that the permeability evolution during tuffisite formation has important consequences for modeling of gas-and-ash explosions, common at dome-forming volcanoes.
Stellar Rotation: A Clue to the Origin of High-Mass Stars?

We present the results of a study aimed at assessing whether low- and high-mass stars form similarly. Our approach is (1) to examine the observed projected rotational velocities among a large sample of newly formed stars spanning a range in mass between 0.2 and 50 M⊙ and (2) to search for evidence of a discontinuity in rotational properties that might indicate a difference in the stellar formation process at some characteristic mass. Our database includes recently published values of v sin i for young intermediate- and low-mass stars in Orion, as well as new observations of O stars located in young clusters and OB associations. We find that the median of the quantity vobs/vc (observed rotational speed divided by equatorial breakup velocity) is typically about 0.15 and shows no evidence of a discontinuity over the full range of stellar masses, while the quantity J sin i/M (derived angular momentum per unit mass) exhibits a slow, monotonic rise (J/M ∼ M0.3) with increasing mass with no evidence of a discontinuity. We suggest that these observations are most simply interpreted as indicative of a single stellar formation and angular momentum regulation mechanism, one that results in rotation rates well below breakup and angular momenta per unit mass that differ systematically by no more than a factor of 3-4 over a mass range spanning a factor of 250.
Internet object caching based on semantics and access history

This paper presents a novel Internet object cache replacement strategy named LSR/H where semantics of objects and subject access history are employed as heuristics to evict objects from cache. It is shown that LSR/H performs better than well-established replacement strategies when multiple threads of interest exist and the multiple semantics stability property is verified. Our work shows that, depending on cache size, LSR/H can perform around 15% better than well-established replacement strategies, thus permiting an important gain in network performance. It can be a starting point to redesign the caching scheme currently in use in order to achieve better network performance. Also, our research work can be exploited in specific domains of applications, such as digital libraries and e-commerce, where taxonomy for objets are often well-established.
GELS-GA: Hybrid metaheuristic algorithm for solving Multiple Travelling Salesman Problem

The Multiple Traveling Salesmen Problem (mTSP) is of the famous and classical problems of research in operations and is accounted as one of the most famous and widely used problems of combinational optimization. Most of the complex problems can be modeled as the mTSP and then be solved. The mTSP is a NP-Complete one; therefore, it is not possible to use the exact algorithms for solving it instead the heuristics methods are often applied for solving such problems. In this paper, a new hybrid algorithm, called GELS-GA, has been presented for solving the mTSP. The utility of GELS-GA is compared with some related works such as GA and ACO and achieves optimality even in highly complex scenarios. Although, the proposed algorithm is simple, it includes an appropriate time of completion and the least traversed distance among existing algorithms.