Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Family environment, expressed emotion and adolescent self-harm: A review of conceptual, empirical, cross-cultural and clinical perspectives

Abstract Self-harm in young people is a complex and pervasive problem with a number of co-existing risk factors. Although research has implicated a range of family variables in understanding the onset, maintenance and prevention of adolescent self-harm, relatively little attention has been given to the expressed emotion (EE) construct. Based on a narrative review and synthesis of peer-reviewed literature up to and including 2011, this paper considers the conceptual background and empirical evidence for the role of family environment in the expression of adolescent self-harm, with a particular focus on EE. The clinical implications of this literature for working with young people and families from different cultures are also addressed. In summary, the surveyed research provides insufficient evidence for a direct causal link between family environment and adolescent self-harm, with questions raised about the temporal sequencing of measured variables, specificity of implicated family risk factors, and the nature and role of protective factors in families. Emerging evidence for an association between high EE and adolescent self-harm requires replication in well-controlled, prospective studies. There is also a lack of empirically-supported, family-based treatment modalities for adolescents who self-harm. Intervention strategies should be guided by personalised formulation, taking into account individual vulnerabilities, strengths and social contexts, as well as cultural norms for family environment.
Developing cognitive‐social‐emotional competencies to enhance academic learning

This preliminary study examined intervention effects of a universal prevention program offered by classroom teachers to public elementary school students. The Unique Minds School Program (M.B. Stern, 1999) is a teacher-led program designed to promote cognitive-social-emotional (CSE) skills, including student self-efficacy, problem solving, social-emotional competence, and a positive classroom climate, with the dual goal of preventing youth behavioral problems and promoting academic learning. During 2 consecutive school years, 119 students and their teachers were assessed in the fall and spring of Grade 4 and again in the spring of Grade 5. As compared to students in the comparison school, students in the intervention showed gains in student self-efficacy, problem solving, social-emotional competencies, and math grades. Incremental gains within CSE domains were found after 1 and 2 years of intervention. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 42: 405–417, 2005.
Semantic keyword search based on trie over encrypted cloud data

Searchable encryption is a good solution to search over encrypted cloud data in cloud computing. However, most of existing searchable encryption schemes only support exact keyword search. That means they don't support searching for different variants of the query word, which is a significant drawback and greatly affects data usability and user experience. In this paper, we formalize the problem of semantic keyword-based search over encrypted cloud data while preserving privacy. Semantic keyword-based search will greatly improves the user experience by returning all the documents containing semantically close keywords related to the query word. In our solution, we use the stemming algorithm to construct stem set, which reduces the dimension of index. And the symbol-based trie is also adopted in index construction to improve the search efficiency. Through rigorous privacy analysis and experiment on real dataset, our scheme is secure and efficient.
Leg perforator vein incompetence: functional anatomy.

PURPOSE To retrospectively determine the anatomic patterns of reflux of incompetent perforator veins (IPVs) at the sites of their highest prevalence in relation to the anatomic distribution of valvular incompetence in the veins of the calf and thigh, with emphasis on the deep system, across the clinical spectrum of chronic venous disease (CVD). MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was granted institutional ethics committee approval; the need for patient consent was waived. Five hundred five limbs in 359 consecutive subjects who were suspected of having CVD but did not have arterial disease, prior venous thrombosis (<1 year), venous or orthopedic surgery, or vascular malformations were clinically stratified for CVD according to the clinical, etiologic, anatomic, and pathophysiologic (CEAP) system and underwent venous hemodynamic investigation with duplex ultrasonography. One hundred thirty limbs were CEAP clinical classes C(0-1), 262 limbs were classes C(2-3), and 113 limbs were classes C(4-6). IPV reflux patterns and anatomic distribution of deep venous reflux in the lower limb were determined across the clinical classes of CVD. Statistical analysis was performed with Spearman rank correlation, chi(2), and Mann-Whitney testing. RESULTS Valvular incompetence in limbs with IPVs increased with CEAP clinical class (P < .01) in femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, peroneal, gastrocnemial, and soleal veins; reflux was distributed evenly across these veins. Of 554 IPVs found, 377 (68.0%) occurred at four sites: middle third of medial calf (n = 165 [29.8%]), lower third of medial calf (n = 85 [15.3%]), middle third of medial thigh (n = 73 [13.2%]), and middle third of posterior calf (n = 54 [9.7%]). IPVs with superficial and deep reflux in adjoining veins, as compared with IPVs with superficial reflux alone, increased as clinical class increased from C(2) to C(6) (P < .02) at all four sites of highest IPV prevalence; determined in detail, reflux patterns of IPVs were linked to CEAP clinical class (P < .05) but not anatomic site (P > .2). Most IPVs in C(1-3) limbs had superficial reflux alone. IPVs with superficial reflux outnumbered IPVs with superficial and deep reflux even in C(4-6) limbs, where deep venous incompetence was most prevalent. Axial venous reflux (proximal-to-distal) changes (P > .4) were small in superficial and deep veins across the spectrum of CEAP clinical classes C(2-6). CONCLUSION Patterns of perforator reflux were linked to clinical severity of CVD in the CEAP classification and displayed an even distribution anatomically. IPVs with deep and superficial reflux in adjoining veins increased with CEAP clinical class, in line with valvular incompetence in the deep veins of the calf and thigh.
[Risk factors related with pediatric accidents in a children's hospital in Bogotá].

OBJECTIVE To describe the biophysical and sociocultural risk factors related to the accident rate in pediatric patients. METHOD Cross-sectional descriptive study. Data collection through the direct application of surveys. RESULTS 308 surveys were analyzed, obtained between the months of february and april, 2010. Adolescents were the most affected group (33.5 %); the male gender registered the highest number of traumas (64.7 %). The main family type was nuclear 52 %, 34.9 % of patients belonged to stratum 2 and 46,6 % were under the care of their mothers when the accident occurred. 84 % of caretakers had over 5 years study, 47 % considered that the most unsafe place for a child is a public road, and 76.8 % stated having never received information on accident prevention. The most frequent accident was a fall from a height (54.7 %) and home was the place with highest number of traumas (51 %). DISCUSSION Demographic features and sociocultural factors of this study differ from reports from large studies of non-intentional lesions.
Thermal Effect on Attenuation and Luminescence of Bi/Er Co-Doped Fiber

We investigated thermal effect on attenuation and luminescence of Bi/Er co-doped fiber (BEDF). A strong and irreversible thermal darkening effect in both near-infrared (NIR) and visible spectral range was observed, accompanied by a luminescence quenching of bismuth active centers (BACs), in temperature range from 600 °C to 800 °C. This thermal darkening effect is believed to be linked to the precipitation of metallic bismuth nanoparticles and takes place at a relatively low temperature. We also observed that the quenching of BAC-Si in the BEDF is more prominent than other BACs. The BAC-Si related emission at 1420 nm is decreased by 80% when the temperature is increased to 600 °C - before the significant thermal darkening occurs and while the quenching of others BACs is not significant.
A Comparison between Brachial and Echocardiographic Systolic Time Intervals

Systolic time interval (STI) is an established noninvasive technique for the assessment of cardiac function. Brachial STIs can be automatically determined by an ankle-brachial index (ABI)-form device. The aims of this study are to evaluate whether the STIs measured from ABI-form device can represent those measured from echocardiography and to compare the diagnostic values of brachial and echocardiographic STIs in the prediction of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50%. A total of 849 patients were included in the study. Brachial pre-ejection period (bPEP) and brachial ejection time (bET) were measured using an ABI-form device and pre-ejection period (PEP) and ejection time (ET) were measured from echocardiography. Agreement was assessed by correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plot. Brachial STIs had a significant correlation with echocardiographic STIs (r = 0.644, P<0.001 for bPEP and PEP; r = 0.850, P<0.001 for bET and ET; r = 0.708, P<0.001 for bPEP/bET and PEP/ET). The disagreement between brachial and echocardiographic STIs (brachial STIs minus echocardiographic STIs) was 28.55 ms for bPEP and PEP, -4.15 ms for bET and ET and -0.11 for bPEP/bET and PEP/ET. The areas under the curve for bPEP/bET and PEP/ET in the prediction of LVEF <50% were 0.771 and 0.765, respectively. Brachial STIs were good alternatives to STIs obtained from echocardiography and also helpful in prediction of LVEF <50%. Brachial STIs automatically obtained from an ABI-form device may be helpful for evaluation of left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
Escalation and desistance of wife assault in marriage

This article examines two widely held beliefs concerning the nature of “careers” of wtfe assault. Most researchers and members of the public believe that assaultive behavior in marriage, once begun, tends to continue for the ltfe of the marriage. It is also commonly believed that minor violence (e.g., slapping, shoving, throwing things at a spouse) is unrelated to severe assaults (e.g. punching, kicking, using a weapon). These beliefs are based on the most severe cases of wtfe battering, as described by the media and by women in shelters. Despite these beliefs, we suggest that wife assault is similar to other forms of deviance and crime, in that desistance is common and engaging in minor forms of deviance is a risk factor for engaging in major forms of deviance and crime. The articIe reports a study using data on a sample of 380 married respondents who reported some violence in their marriage in I985 and were reinterviewed in 1986. The jindings indicate that most marital violence is transient, but even minor violence by a wtfe poses a risk of escalation to more dangerous assaults by a husband. Theoretical and practical implications of thefindings are discussed.
Multimodal Corpora for Silent Speech Interaction

A Silent Speech Interface (SSI) allows for speech communication to take place in the absence of an acoustic signal. This type of interface is an alternative to conventional Automatic Speech Recognition which is not adequate for users with some speech impairments or in the presence of environmental noise. The work presented here produces the conditions to explore and analyze complex combinations of input modalities applicable in SSI research. By exploring non-invasive and promising modalities, we have selected the following sensing technologies used in human-computer interaction: Video and Depth input, Ultrasonic Doppler sensing and Surface Electromyography. This paper describes a novel data collection methodology where these independent streams of information are synchronously acquired with the aim of supporting research and development of a multimodal SSI. The reported recordings were divided into two rounds: a first one where the acquired data was silently uttered and a second round where speakers pronounced the scripted prompts in an audible and normal tone. In the first round of recordings, a total of 53.94 minutes were captured where 30.25% was estimated to be silent speech. In the second round of recordings, a total of 30.45 minutes were obtained and 30.05% of the recordings were audible speech.
Accuracy of Linear Measurements in Cone Beam Computed Tomography With Different Voxel Sizes

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of linear measurements on dry mandible specimens using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images acquired with different voxel sizes. Methodology: Eight human dry mandibles were submitted to CBCT examination, using the i-CAT (Imaging Sciences, Inc. Hatfield, PA) device and four protocols with different voxel sizes. Tomographic slices with a more central view of the markers, placed on six sites on each mandible, were selected to perform measurements. Values obtained from direct measurements on the dry mandible after sectioning them on the preestablished sites were compared with measurements from the tomographic images and the measurement error. Results: There was no statistical difference between the measurement error of the protocols (P = 0.606). The mean value of the difference between the values obtained in the images and the dry mandible was smaller than 1 mm for all the protocols. Conclusion: The accuracy of vertical and horizontal measurements, using CBCT (i-CAT) for the four protocols, was shown to be comparable with the measurements performed on the dry mandible.
Epithelial atrophy in oral submucous fibrosis is mediated by copper (II) and arecoline of areca nut

Exposure of oral cavity to areca nut is associated with several pathological conditions including oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). Histopathologically OSF is characterized by epithelial atrophy, chronic inflammation, juxtaepithelial hyalinization, leading to fibrosis of submucosal tissue and affects 0.5% of the population in the Indian subcontinent. As the molecular mechanisms leading to atrophied epithelium and fibrosis are poorly understood, we studied areca nut actions on human keratinocyte and gingival fibroblast cells. Areca nut water extract (ANW) was cytotoxic to epithelial cells and had a pro‐proliferative effect on fibroblasts. This opposite effect of ANW on epithelial and fibroblast cells was intriguing but reflects the OSF histopathology such as epithelial atrophy and proliferation of fibroblasts. We demonstrate that the pro‐proliferative effects of ANW on fibroblasts are dependent on insulin‐like growth factor signalling while the cytotoxic effects on keratinocytes are dependent on the generation of reactive oxygen species. Treatment of keratinocytes with arecoline which is a component of ANW along with copper resulted in enhanced cytotoxicity which becomes comparable to IC50 of ANW. Furthermore, studies using cyclic voltammetry, mass spectrometry and plasmid cleavage assay suggested that the presence of arecoline increases oxidation reduction potential of copper leading to enhanced cleavage of DNA which could generate an apoptotic response. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling assay and Ki‐67 index of OSF tissue sections suggested epithelial apoptosis, which could be responsible for the atrophy of OSF epithelium.
On the validity of Bergmann's rule

Aim We reviewed the occurrence of Bergmann's rule in birds (ninety‐four species) and mammals (149 species), using only studies where statistical significance of the results was tested. We also tested whether studies using different characters as surrogates of body size have a different tendency to conform to Bergmann's rule, whether body size and nest type (in birds) have an influence on the tendency to conform to the rule, and whether sedentary birds conform to the rule more than migratory birds.
hsa-miR-210 Is Induced by Hypoxia and Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Breast Cancer

Purpose: MicroRNA (miRNA) expression alterations have been described in cancer. Many cancers are characterized by areas of hypoxia, enhanced hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) levels, and increased expression of hypoxically regulated genes, all of which correlate with patient outcome. We examined hypoxia-induced miRNA expression changes to identify markers of survival in breast cancer. Experimental Design: We used microarrays to analyze miRNA expression changes induced by hypoxia in MCF7 breast cancer cell lines and validated results by quantitative-PCR (Q-PCR). Small interfering RNA against HIF-1α and HIF-2α, and RCC4 cells transfected with the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein were used to investigate HIF dependency of miRNA expression. miRNA Q-PCR assays were done on 219 early breast cancer samples with long-term follow-up. Correlation of expression with clinical variables was done using Pearson and Spearman's rank tests, univariate, and Cox multivariate analysis. Results: hsa-miR-210 induction was the most significant change under hypoxia by microarray analysis (3.4-fold, P < 0.001). hsa-miR-210 expression changes were validated by Q-PCR and detected in other cancer cell lines. Using small interfering RNAs and RCC4 cells transfected with VHL, we showed that the regulation by hypoxia of hsa-miR-210 was mediated by the HIF-1α/VHL transcriptional system but not HIF-2α. hsa-miR-210 expression levels in breast cancer samples correlated directly with a hypoxia score based on the expression of 99 genes. hsa-miR-210 expression levels showed an inverse correlation with disease-free and overall survival, significant in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Conclusions: We show that hsa-miR-210 overexpression is induced by hypoxia in a HIF-1α– and VHL-dependent fashion and its expression levels in breast cancer samples are an independent prognostic factor.
The Racial Invariance Thesis Revisited

The racial/ethnic invariance thesis is a foundational assumption of the general theories of crime. It assumes that all persons, regardless of their racial/ethnic background, engage in problematic behaviors for the same reasons. This thesis allows general theories to be generalizable and, for the most part, has received empirical and theoretical support. Yet, recent research and new theoretical developments question the validity of the racial/ethnic invariance thesis, breathing new life into the debate over whether the factors that influence African American youths’ problematic behaviors are similar to those that influence the behaviors of other youths. Drawing on data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods–Longitudinal Cohort Study (PHDCN-LCS), our results question the validity of the invariance thesis by showing that the impact of perceived discrimination by the police has a stronger influence on African American youths’ externalizing problems than it does for other youths.
Longitudinal predictors of spelling and reading comprehension in Chinese as an L1 and English as an L2 in Hong Kong Chinese children.

Predictors of age 10 spelling and reading comprehension skills in both Chinese and English from vocabulary knowledge, phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming (RAN), and word reading at age 8 were tested in this longitudinal study of 141 Hong Kong Chinese children learning to read English as a second language. The correlation between spelling in Chinese and English was . 64, whereas the correlation between reading comprehension in the two languages was . 66. For both Chinese and English spelling, only RAN and word reading in the target language were unique predictors; this association of RAN to spelling was reduced once concurrent spelling in the other language was statistically controlled. In contrast, longitudinal predictors of English reading comprehension were vocabulary knowledge in both Chinese and English, as well as phonological awareness and English word reading. Father's income was a reliable longitudinal predictor of English but not Chinese reading comprehension; girls also tended to be better readers than boys overall. With all other literacy variables included in separate regression equations, spelling or reading comprehension in the other language was uniquely associated with spelling or reading comprehension in the target language, supporting the notion of transfer for each skill. Findings highlight the possibility of transfer in both spelling and reading comprehension from Chinese to English and show that unique longitudinal predictors of L2 English spelling and reading comprehension differ in predictable ways.
An Analysis of the MJO Guided by TRMM Rainfall Data

The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), an eastward-propagating equatorial disturbance most active during the boreal winter, dominates atmospheric intraseasonal variability in the tropical Eastern Hemisphere. The MJO involves cyclic patterns of suppressed convection and intense rainfall, has a period ranging from 20-100 days, and is manifested in numerous atmospheric and oceanic variables. This study examines various dynamical and thermodynamical processes that characterize the MJO. We identify episodes of deep convection related to the MJO based on rainfall data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. Although broad convective envelopes are located utilizing spectrally-filtered TRMM precipitation, analyses of the features within the envelope are carried out using unfiltered versions of TRMM rainfall and ECMWF 40-year reanalysis (ERA40) dynamical fields. The events are composited and categorized based on geographic location and relative intensity. The composited fields illustrate that, prior to the onset of deep convection, shallow cumulus and cumulus congestus clouds are actively involved in vertical convective transport of heat and moisture. Drying, first accomplished immediately following deep convection in the lower troposphere, is associated with an enhanced horizontal (westerly) advective component and may be related to mesoscale processes as discussed in Houze et al. (2000). Deep-layer subsidence drying is delayed until one to two weeks following intense rainfall. The importance of gradual lower-tropospheric heating and moistening and the vertical transport of energy and moisture are shown in a comparison of vigorous and weak MJO events. A tiered vertical structure in moisture seen in intense MJO events indicates the possible importance of stable layers and their involvement in the growing disturbance. Additionally, a comparison of the composite fields to proposed wave instability theories suggests that the localized destabilization and discharge-recharge mechanisms are highly relevant for explaining many of the observed features of MJO evolution. 2 structure in moisture seen in intense MJO events indicates the possible importance of stable layers and their involvement in the growing disturbance. Additionally, a comparison of the composite fields to proposed wave instability theories suggests that the localized destabilization and discharge-recharge mechanisms are highly relevant for explaining many of the observed features of MJO evolution.