Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonsense-Containing mRNAs That Accumulate in the Absence of a Functional Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay Pathway Are Destabilized Rapidly upon Its Restitution

ABSTRACT Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a conserved proofreading mechanism that protects eukaryotic cells from the potentially deleterious effects of truncated proteins. Studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae imply that NMD is a predominantly cytoplasmic decay pathway, while studies of mammalian systems suggest that decay of most substrate mRNAs may occur while they are still associated with the nucleus, possibly during a round of translation that occurs during their export to the cytoplasm. Complete entry of the latter mRNAs into the cytoplasm appears to render them immune to further NMD; i.e., they escape further susceptibility to this decay pathway. To determine if yeast cytoplasmic nonsense-containing mRNAs that evade decay are subsequently immune to NMD, we examined the consequences of placing each of the three UPF/NMD genes under the control of a galactose-inducible promoter. The decay kinetics of ADE2 and PGK1 nonsense-containing mRNAs were then analyzed when expression of UPF1, NMD2, or UPF3 was either repressed or subsequently induced. Results from these experiments demonstrated that activation of NMD caused rapid and immediate degradation of both substrate transcripts, with half-lives of both stable mRNA populations shortened to approximately 7 min. These findings make it unlikely that yeast nonsense-containing mRNAs can escape degradation by NMD and indicate that such mRNAs are available to this decay pathway at each round of translation.
Effect of a simulated active commute to school on cardiovascular stress reactivity.

PURPOSE Stress-induced cardiovascular reactivity is associated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. This study tested whether a simulated active commute to school dampened cardiovascular reactivity to a cognitive stressor typical to what children might experience during school. METHODS Forty children (20 girls and 20 boys) aged 10-14 yr were randomly assigned to simulated sedentary drive-to-school or active-commute (walking) groups. The walking group completed a self-paced 1.6-km walk on a treadmill while images from a real 1.6-km walk through a pleasant neighborhood that finished at a school were projected in front of them. The drive-to-school group sat in a chair and watched the same slideshow of images of the neighborhood environment. Standardized residualized gain scores of cardiovascular reactivity during a cognitive stressor, the Stroop task, were calculated and used as dependent variables. RESULTS Children in the walking group self-selected a walking intensity of 60.6% +/- 1.6% HRmax and covered the 1.6-km distance in 21.5 +/- 0.5 min. Children in the walking group had lower HR (2 +/- 1 vs 11 +/- 1 bpm, P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (4 +/- 1 vs 12 +/- 1 mm Hg, P < 0.001), pulse pressure (-4 +/- 1 vs 6 +/- 1 mm Hg, P < 0.001), and perceived stress (1.4 +/- 0.1 vs 3.0 +/- 0.1 cm, P < 0.001) reactivities to cognitive stress than the control group. CONCLUSIONS Active commuting to school may dampen cardiovascular reactivity and perceived stress when confronted with stressful cognitive challenges during the school day. This may help reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease later in life.
Modulation of transcription factor NFχB activity by intracellular glutathione levels and by variations of the extracellular cysteine supply

HIV‐infected individuals and SIV‐infected rhesus macaques have, on the average, decreased plasma cysteine and cystine concentrations and decreased intracellular glutathione levels. We now show that a depletion of intracellular glutathione in a human T cell line (Molt‐4) inhibits the activation and nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NFχB, whereas incubation with increasing extracellular concentrations of cysteine inhibits the DNA‐binding and transactivating activity of NFχB. Because inhibition of DNA‐binding activity is associated with increasing intracellular glutathione disulfide levels and GSSG can be shown to inhibit the DNA‐binding activity directly in cell‐free systems, our studies suggest that GSSG is a physiologically relevant inhibitor in intact cells also. NFχB controls many immunologically important genes, so our studies suggest that the immune system may be sensitive not only against a cysteine and glutathione deficiency but also against an excess of cysteine. —Mihm, S. , Galter, D. , Dröge, W. Modulation of transcription factor NFχB activity by intracellular glutathione levels and by variations of the extracellular cysteine supply. FASEB J. 9, 246–252 (1995)
Secrecy capacity of single- and multi-antenna channels with simple helpers

Secrecy can be achieved on the physical layer in fading channels by smart resource allocation and transmit optimization. In this work, simple helper nodes creating artificial noise are applied to improve the secrecy of a point-to-point link. In the single-antenna case, the channel parameters and SNR determine whether a helper can increase the secrecy capacity. We derive a necessary and sufficient condition for optimality of a helper. The single-antenna helper provides only limited support for the single-antenna link. Therefore, we compute the optimal beamforming vectors of the transmitter in closed form for the multiple antenna link under ideal assumption of perfectly informed transmitters. The optimal beamforming vectors of the helpers are characterized and an algorithm is proposed which jointly optimizes transmitter and helper beamformers. It is shown that with increasing number of helpers the secrecy capacity approaches the capacity of the peaceful multiple-antenna link without secrecy constraints. Finally, numerical simulations illustrate the secrecy capacity gain by these simple helpers.
APC Gene Expression in Gastric Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Study

Gastric carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, particularly in Japan and China. Inactivation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, a tumor suppressor gene, has been shown to play a significant role in the development of colorectal carcinoma, and it has been suggested that it may play a role throughout the digestive tract, including the stomach. This study assesses APC gene expression in normal gastric mucosa and gastric adenocarcinoma using an antibody to the C-terminal region. One hundred twenty cases of gastric adenocarcinoma were examined from the files of Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland, and China Medical University, Shenyang, China. Ninety-one cases were informative. Of these, 78% revealed loss of staining. Loss of staining in adenocarcinoma showed no association with tumor type, tumor, stage or patient nationality. Loss of staining was also found in nine of 35 cases (26%) of intestinal metaplasia. In conclusion, loss of the APC gene, as determined by immunohistochemical staining, appears to be an early event in gastric carcinogenesis. Immunohistochemistry is a sensitive method for detection of this loss.
Identification of Leaf Rust Resistance Genes in Selected Egyptian Wheat Cultivars by Molecular Markers

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks. , is a common and widespread disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Egypt. Host resistance is the most economical, effective, and ecologically sustainable method of controlling the disease. Molecular markers help to determine leaf rust resistance genes (Lr genes). The objective of this study was to identify Lr genes in fifteen wheat cultivars from Egypt. Ten genes, Lr13, Lr19, Lr24, Lr26, Lr34, Lr35 Lr36, Lr37, Lr39, and Lr46, were detected in fifteen wheat cultivars using various molecular markers. The most frequently occurring genes in fifteen Egyptian wheat cultivars were Lr13, Lr24, Lr34, and Lr36 identified in all the cultivars used, followed by Lr26 and Lr35 (93%), Lr39 (66%), Lr37 (53%), and Lr46 (26.6%) of the cultivars, and finally Lr19 was present in 33.3% of cultivars. It is concluded that there was a good variation in Lr genes carried by wheat cultivars commercially grown in Egypt. Therefore, strategies for deploying resistance genes to prolong effective disease resistance are suggested to control wheat leaf rust disease.
The influence of local church participation on rural community attachment

The importance of local ties is documented in the community attachment literature, and a systemic model has been adopted. Recent research, however, has focused on informal ties (acquaintanceships, friendships, neighboring) rather than on formal associations. This study specifies a systemic model that includes length of residence and other personal attributes as exogenous variables, and measures of formal and informal ties as intervening attributes; among formal ties, local church participation is given special consideration. Findings support the conclusion of others that community attachment is higher when friendships (informal ties) are predominantly local. Findings also demonstrate the importance of local associational participation (formal ties) both directly and, indirectly, as they affect friendship patterns. In particular, local churches aid in building secular ties and increase dependence on local friendships, both of which increase attachment. Finally, since the influence of local formal ties is independent of the effect of length of residence, revisions in the original systemic model are proposed.
Tunable Photonic Oscillators Using Optically Injected Quantum-Dash Diode Lasers

An analytical approximation is described and experimentally verified for predicting the resonance frequency of an optically injected quantum-dash Fabry-Pe¿rot laser in the period-one (P1) state. Due to the large spontaneous and nonlinear carrier relaxation rates measured in nanostructure lasers, the P1 resonance frequency is modified appreciably. The function presented accounts for these effects, and it also identifies the role of the linewidth enhancement factor of the optically injected slave laser. The resulting equation is shown to improve the P1 resonance frequency calculation when compared to previous models. Calculating the P1 resonance frequency is critical in using optically injected lasers as a building block for tunable photonic oscillators.
Noncommutative branes from M-theory

The analysis of the worldvolume effective actions of the M-theory Kaluza-Klein monopole and 9-brane suggests that it should be possible to describe non-Abelian configurations of M2-branes or M5-branes if the M2-branes are transverse to the eleventh direction and the M5-branes are wrapped on it. This is determined by the fact that the Kaluza-Klein monopole and the M9-brane are constrained to move in particular isometric spacetimes. We show that the same kind of situation is implied by the analysis of the brane descent relations in M theory. We compute some of the noncommutative couplings of the worldvolume effective actions of these non-Abelian systems of M2 and M5 branes, which may be responsible for the existence of configurations corresponding to N branes expanding into a higher dimensional M-brane. The reduction to type II brings up new descriptions of coincident D-branes at strong coupling. We show that these systems have the right noncommutative charges to describe certain expanded configurations playing a role in the framework of the AdS/conformal field theory correspondence. Finally, we discuss the realization of noncommutative brane configurations as topological solitons in non-Abelian brane-antibrane systems.
Adherence to guidelines on the diagnosis of cephalo-pelvic disproportion at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital.

OBJECTIVE To determine the degree of adherence to guidelines on the diagnosis of cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) in Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital. MATERIAL AND METHOD The database ofpregnant women who underwent cesarean delivery due to CPD between 2010 and 2012 was reviewed The degree of adherence to guidelines on the CPD diagnosis was recorded The guidelines were from Royal Thai College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (RTCOG) and the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) as gold standard criteria for CPD diagnosis. RESULTS Four hundred sixty four pregnant women diagnosed as CPD were recruited. The adherence to guidelines either RTCOG or ACOG criteria was 80.4%. Of 91 cases that had incomplete criteria to diagnose CPD, 25 cases (27.5%) had been suspected offetal macrosomia and CPD was diagnosed during latent phase of labor Unfortunately, 76% of these fetuses had birth weight less than 4000 grams, which were unlikely to be macrosomia. CONCLUSION The adherence to guidelines on the diagnosis of CPD was 80.4%. Almost one-third of the cases that had no adherence were false diagnosed of fetal macrosomia. Therefore, the strategy of accurate fetal weigh estimation may reduce unnecessary cesarean section from false diagnosis of CPD.
Physiological adaptation of the left ventricle during the second and third trimesters of a healthy pregnancy: a speckle tracking echocardiography study.

BACKGROUND During a healthy pregnancy women experience cardiovascular and hemodynamic changes and normal ranges of left ventricular (LV) function on two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) are not well defined. The aim of this study was to describe the cardiovascular changes that occur during the second and third trimesters of a healthy pregnancy using STE. METHODS Pregnant subjects were enrolled retrospectively if they underwent a transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) between 2011-2014. Subjects with abnormal TTE findings, hypertension, diabetes, preeclampsia, prior cardiac surgery, poor imaging quality or in the 1st trimester were excluded. A total of 74 pregnant subjects were categorized into the 2nd or 3rd trimesters. Twenty-one healthy age-matched females were selected as a control group. RESULTS The heart undergoes extensive remodeling during pregnancy with increased LV septal thickness, posterior wall thickness, cavity size and mass (p=0.045, p=0.002, p<0.001, p=0.018, respectively). However, myocardial mechanical function measured by: global longitudinal strain, radial strain, circumferential strain, systolic and diastolic global longitudinal strain rate (GLSR), global radial strain rate (GRSR) and global circumferential strain rate, remains preserved. Only time to peak strain rate corrected for heart rate for diastolic GRSR and diastolic GLSR were significantly increased in the third trimester (p=0.016 for both). CONCLUSION Despite extensive heart remodeling, many STE derived parameters of LV function in healthy pregnant women remain unchanged and valid for women in the 2nd and 3rd trimester. Future studies investigating early detection of pregnancy related heart disease can refer to these parameters as reference ranges.
Does Productivity Growth Appreciate the Real Exchange Rate?

Revisiting the time-honored link between productivity growth and the real exchange rate, we find that higher labor productivity tends to appreciate the real exchange rate, consistent with the traditional view. Contrary to the traditional view, however, we find that the positive productivity effect is transmitted through the relative price between tradable goods, rather than through the relative price between tradables and nontradables. Moreover, higher total factor productivity is found to often depreciate the real exchange rate. These latter two pieces of evidence, combined with the conceptual strength of total factor productivity over labor productivity as a productivity measure, call for further refinement of the conventional view regarding the effect of productivity on the real exchange rate.
How valuable is the concept of resilience in understanding how paramedics 'survive' their work

Abstract This study was prompted by the reflective essays submitted by paramedics in which they recounted traumatic experiences from work which seemed unprocessed. I subsequently became interested in how paramedics maintained their resilience and ‘survived’ their work as measured by for example, job satisfaction, morale, attrition and mental and physical well-being. A qualitative research design was adopted which used a psycho-social interview technique called ‘free association narrative interviewing’ (FANI) as the means of data collection. Data collection included a one hour biographical interview initially and a second follow up 45 minute semi structured interview with seven participants recruited from a trust in England. In all instances data was collected at the university or participant’s home and interviews were digitally recorded. The interviews were transcribed and analysed thematically. The study was approved by UWE and NHS ethics committees. The analysis explored the key findings within the context of contemporary resilience theory drawing on psychological, sociological and psycho-social literature. However the main focus of the work was from a psycho-social perspective which is psycho-dynamically informed and uses psychoanalytic concepts and principles to explore core issues. The themes captured respondents’ motivations to become a paramedic, which embraced notions of gender differences and the ‘wounded healer’. The hidden toll of the work in relation to health, and the impact of recent performance targets and changes to skill mix which appeared to threaten traditional protective methods of support, emerged as other themes. Support from within the organisation was explored, focusing on the role of management, debriefing, peer support, humour, time out and the culture of shame and denial within the organisation. Outside support explored the role of friends, family and referral to outside agencies. In dealing with unprocessed encounters, paramedics appeared to use other strategies including emotional detachment, dissociation, displays of anger and inappropriate professional behaviour. Despite limitations to the study, the findings unveil a unique account of how paramedics survive and become resilient.
Changes in [3H]Nitrendipine Binding and γ‐Aminobutyric Acid Release in Rat Hippocampus Following Repeated Morphine Administration

Abstract: An antagonistic effect of calcium on the action of morphine was studied in rat hippocampal slices. The effect of repeated administration of morphine on γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) release and binding of [3H]nitrendipine, a cal‐cium antagonist, was also examined. (1) In rat brain hippocampal slices, morphine enlarged the amplitude of the field potentials evoked in pyramidal neurons, disinhibiting them through basket cells. When the calcium concentration was elevated, potentiation of the field potentials by morphine was reduced. Decrease of the calcium concentration, on the other hand, enhanced the potentiating effect of morphine. Following repeated administration of morphine, its enhancing effect on the field potentials in slices was not observed. (2) In hippocampal membrane fractions obtained from rats repeatedly treated with morphine, enhancement of [3H]nitrendipine binding was observed. (3) In hippocampal slice preparations from rats receiving morphine repeatedly, K+ (45 mM)‐stim‐ulated [3H]GABA efflux was enhanced. The above results indicate that morphine antagonizes calcium, thereby reducing the release of transmitters. Furthermore, increase in calcium channels following repeated treatment of rats with morphine may explain the mechanism underlying development of tolerance.
Longlook: initial outcomes of a longitudinal integrated rural clinical placement program.

OBJECTIVE To assess outcomes in terms of academic performance and subsequent career choice in medical students undertaking a longitudinal integrated rural clinical placement. DESIGN This was a retrospective, observational, cohort study. SETTING The 'Longlook' program is a longitudinal integrated rural clinical placement run collaboratively by Griffith University, Queensland Rural Medical Education and Queensland Health as part of the Griffith medical program. PARTICIPANTS Participants in this study were students completing years 3 and 4 in the Griffith medical program between 2010 and 2013. Assessment data were available for 683 participants, and internship location was available for all 472 students allocated within Queensland (87% of graduated students). INTERVENTIONS Introduction of Longlook program. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measures were performance in overall and clinical assessments, and intern location (rural versus urban). RESULTS When performance in prior year was taken into account, there were no statistically significant differences in academic performance in year 3 or 4 for rural and urban students. Of Longlook students who have graduated, 31/46 (67%) have undertaken internship at a rural location compared with 63/426 (15%) for urban hospital-based students (odds ratio 11.91; 95% confidence interval 6.08-23.32). CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that it is feasible to implement a parallel longitudinal integrated rural clinical placement in an established conventional postgraduate medical program and provide similar learning outcomes. Initial findings suggest that this experience is translating into positive outcomes in terms of future careers in rural settings. There is a need to reappraise the structure of initiatives aimed at promoting rural careers in medicine.
Monophyly of brachiopods and phoronids: reconciliation of molecular evidence with Linnaean classification (the subphylum Phoroniformea nov.)

Molecular phylogenetic analyses of aligned 18S rDNA gene sequences from articulate and inarticulate brachiopods representing all major extant lineages, an enhanced set of phoronids and several unrelated protostome taxa, confirm previous indications that in such data, brachiopod and phoronids form a well–supported clade that (on previous evidence) is unambiguously affiliated with protostomes rather than deuterostomes. Within the brachiopod–phoronid clade, an association between phoronids and inarticulate brachiopods is moderately well supported, whilst a close relationship between phoronids and craniid inarticulates is weakly indicated. Brachiopod–phoronid monophyly is reconciled with the most recent Linnaean classification of brachiopods by abolition of the phylum Phoronida and rediagnosis of the phylum Brachiopoda to include tubiculous, shell–less forms. Recognition that brachiopods and phoronids are close genealogical allies of protostome phyla such as molluscs and annelids, but are much more distantly related to deuterostome phyla such as echinoderms and chordates, implies either (or both) that the morphology and ontogeny of blastopore, mesoderm and coelom formation have been widely misreported or misinterpreted, or that these characters have been subject to extensive homoplasy. This inference, if true, undermines virtually all morphology–based reconstructions of phylogeny made during the past century or more.