Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of residual lumen stenosis after high-pressure stent implantation: a quantitative coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound study.

BACKGROUND Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) studies have demonstrated that stents are frequently suboptimally expanded despite the use of high pressures for deployment. The purpose of this study was to identify the mechanisms responsible for such residual lumen stenosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty-seven lesions from 50 patients treated with high-pressure (median+/-interquartile range, 14+/-2 atm) elective (44 de novo, 13 restenotic lesions) stenting were prospectively studied (29 Wiktor, Medtronic; 28 Palmaz-Schatz, Cordis Corp). Balloon subexpansion was calculated as the difference between maximal and minimal balloon cross-sectional areas at peak pressure measured by automatic edge detection; elastic recoil was calculated as the difference between minimal measured balloon size and IVUS-derived minimal lumen area within the stent. Angiographic residual diameter stenosis was 10+/-13% (reference diameter, 3.1+/-0.7 mm; balloon to artery ratio, 1.12+/-0.23) and IVUS-derived stent expansion was 80+/-28%. However, although balloon nominal size was 9.6+/-1.3 mm2 and maximal balloon size measured inside the coronary lumen was 12.5+/-3.2 mm2, final stent minimal lumen area was only 7.1+/-2.2 mm2. Balloon subexpansion of 4.0+/-1.8 mm2 (33%) and elastic recoil of 1.6+/-2.3 mm2 (20%) (both P<0.0001) were the two mechanisms responsible for residual luminal stenosis. Wiktor stent and peak inflation pressure correlated with balloon subexpansion, whereas Wiktor stent, de novo lesion, and minimal lumen area at baseline correlated with elastic recoil. CONCLUSIONS Despite high-pressure deployment, lumen dimensions after stenting are only 57% of maximal achievable. Inadequate balloon expansion and elastic recoil are responsible for residual lumen stenosis, suggesting that plaque characteristics and stent resistance deserve further investigation.
Radiotherapy and Sorafenib in the Management of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Have Led to Improved Survival: A Single Center Experience

Background & Aims: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common malignancy and the third most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. We aimed to assess the effect of novel treatment options on the survival of HCC patients. Methods: This retrospective study included all HCC patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2013 referred to the Davidoff center and treated by a multidisciplinary team. Results: The analysis included 321 patients (median age, 64 years; 74.8% males; 74.1% viral carriers; 76.0% cirrhosis; 56.7% diagnosis at an early stage). The estimated hazard ratio by multivariate analysis for the effect of the period of diagnosis (2007-2013 vs. 2000-2006) on survival was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.54-0.96; p=0.027). There was no difference in the distribution by CP score, by BCLC stage at diagnosis or in the proportion of patients undergoing surgical procedures (liver transplantation or resection). In the later time frame, there was a significant decrease in the proportion of patients undergoing percutaneous treatments (14.6% vs.4.2%, p=0.004) and embolization (46.9% vs.24.6%, p=0.001), and a significant increase in radiotherapy (1.5% vs. 8.4%, p=0.009) and treatment with sorafenib (6% vs. 18.3%, p=0.002). Conclusion: Technological/pharmaceutical innovations have led to advancement in HCC treatment. Since there was no significant difference in the proportion of patients undergoing surgical procedures during the evaluated timeframe, the improved survival may stem from better management of advanced stage patients by a multidisciplinary team.
Approximating Multicut and the Demand Graph

In the minimum Multicut problem, the input is an edge-weighted supply graph G = (V, E) and a demand graph H = (V, F). Either G and H are directed (D ir -M ul C) or both are undirected (U ndir -M ul C). The goal is to remove a minimum weight set of supply edges E' ⊆ E such that in G − E' there is no path from s to t for any demand edge (s, t) ∈ F. U ndir -M ul C admits O(log k)-approximation where k is the number of edges in H while the best known approximation for D ir -M ul C is min{k, O(|V|11/23)}. These approximations are obtained by proving corresponding results on the multicommodity flow-cut gap. In this paper we consider the role that the structure of the demand graph plays in determining the approximability of Multicut. We obtain several new positive and negative results. In undirected graphs our main result is a 2-approximation in nO(t) time when the demand graph excludes an induced matching of size t. This gives a constant factor approximation for a specific demand graph that motivated this work, and is based on a reduction to uniform metric labeling and not via the flow-cut gap. In contrast to the positive result for undirected graphs, we prove that in directed graphs such approximation algorithms can not exist. We prove that, assuming the Unique Games Conjecture (UGC), that for a large class of fixed demand graphs D ir -M ul C cannot be approximated to a factor better than the worst-case flow-cut gap. As a consequence we prove that for any fixed k, assuming UGC, D ir -M ul C with k demand pairs is hard to approximate to within a factor better than k. On the positive side, we obtain a k approximation when the demand graph excludes certain graphs as an induced subgraph. This generalizes the known 2 approximation for directed Multiway Cut to a larger class of demand graphs.
Studying the loss of life of natural-ester-filled transformer insulation: impact of moisture on the aging rate of paper

Moisture is one of the most harmful agents for transformer solid insulation. The catalyzing effect of moisture on the degradation process of paper and pressboard has been studied by several authors, who developed models which they used to estimate how the aging process would be accelerated in the presence of water [1]-[5]. In [2] and [3] Lelekakis et al. reported the results of an experimental study in which samples with different moisture contents were aged in the presence of mineral oil (MO). In [3] an equation to determine the reduction of service lifetime of insulation subjected to increased temperature and with increased moisture content is proposed.
Analysis of Reproductive Traits of Broiler Rabbits Reared in Sub-temperate Climate of Kodai Hills, Tamil Nadu, India

Aim: The present study was carried out at Institute Rabbit Farm of Southern Regional Research Centre, Mannavanur, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India having sub-temperate climate with winter temperature during night hours going below 0°C with an objective of finding the influence of different factors such as breed, year, season and parity on different reproductive traits of broiler rabbits in order to come out with the best strategies for improving the productivity. Materials and Methods: A total of 1793 records (946 White Giant and 847 Soviet Chinchilla) for weight at mating (WM), weight at kindling (WK), gestation length (GL), litter size at birth (LSB) and litter size at weaning (LSW), litter weight at birth (LWB), and litter weight at weaning (LWW) were collected in the period between 2000 and 2009 and the data was analyzed using general linear model option of SAS 9.2. Results: The overall mean GL, WM, WK, LSB, LSW, LWB, and LWW were 31.68±0.04 days, 3.65±0.01 kg, 3.84±0.01 kg, 6.91±0.08, 5.49±0.09, 387.62±4.07 g, and 4.66±0.07 kg, respectively. The breed has significantly influenced GL, WK, LSW, LWB, and LWW. The LSB, LSW, LWB, and LWW were 7.05±0.11, 5.76±0.13, 399.55±5.88 g, and 4.87±0.10 kg, respectively in White Giant and corresponding values for Soviet Chinchilla were 6.78±0.11, 5.22±0.12, 375.91±5.64 g, and 4.46±0.09 kg, respectively. The year of kindling had significantly affected all the reproductive traits under study and is varying over different years. The parity significantly influenced the WM, WK, and LWW. The LWW increased from first (4.16±0.21 kg) to second parity (4.86±0.19 kg) and remained in the same range from third parity onward. WM was significantly higher in spring season (3.72±0.02) than the animals in rainy (3.59±0.02) and winter season (3.65±0.02). Better reproductive performance in terms of higher LSB, LSW, LWB, and LWW as observed in the present study might be due to conducive environmental conditions prevailing in the region. Conclusion: The significant effects of the non-genetic factors like year of kindling on all reproductive traits, season, and parity on some of the traits in rabbit breeds are indications that any future production enhancement strategy must take into consideration the environment by providing additional care, feed supplementation and better shelter management to the rabbits, so that the full genetic potential can be realized.
Video minor stroke extraction using learning vector quantization

Video is very beneficial for health consultations, monitoring, disease identification, customer satisfaction survey efforts on fitness, health information in youtube. However, if the video health tips from youtube are untrue, the information will harm the person. Additionally, it will create the emotion youtube users who are looking for health information. Negative emotions cause effects blood pressure to rise. The impact of high blood pressure is such as stroke. In many developing countries found stroke, especially minor stroke disease which can attack several times a week. If it is not treated immediately, it will result in more severe disability. Handling stroke detection should be begun when the patient was thought to be affected. If it is done early, stroke treatment will reduce damage to organs caused. It requires early detection and treatment of stroke rehabilitation automatically. Therefore we propose the video object extraction minor stroke. The results of the segmentation process can be used to improve the detection performance of stroke in future studies. In addition, segmentation is used to maximize the prediction process of healing and rehabilitation of stroke patients in subsequent studies. This study uses a minor stroke extracted video object using LVQ which has been modified. Tests are using a variation of the constant (K) from 0.1 to 5. The results for the best accuracy are with a value 68.76 % of K = 4.3.
Conversational Speech Transcription Using Context-Dependent Deep Neural Networks

Context-Dependent Deep-Neural-Network HMMs, or CD-DNN-HMMs, combine the classic artificial-neural-network HMMs with traditional context-dependent acoustic modeling and deep-belief-network pre-training. CD-DNN-HMMs greatly outperform conventional CD-GMM (Gaussian mixture model) HMMs: The word error rate is reduced by up to one third on the difficult benchmarking task of speaker-independent single-pass transcription of telephone conversations.
Morphological Analysis and Generation of Arabic Nouns: A Morphemic Functional Approach

MAGEAD is a morphological analyzer and generator for Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and its dialects. We introduced MAGEAD in previous work with an implementation of MSA and Levantine Arabic verbs. In this paper, we port that system to MSA nominals (nouns and adjectives), which are far more complex to model than verbs. Our system is a functional morphological analyzer and generator, i.e., it analyzes to and generates from a representation consisting of a lexeme and linguistic feature-value pairs, where the features are syntactically (and perhaps semantically) meaningful, rather than just morphologically. A detailed evaluation of the current implementation comparing it to a commonly used morphological analyzer shows that it has good morphological coverage with precision and recall scores in the 90s. An error analysis reveals that the majority of recall and precision errors are problems in the gold standard or a result of the discrepancy between different models of form-based/functional morphology.
Performance comparison of security mechanisms for grid services

Security is one of the most important features for grid services. There are several specifications used to add security to grid services, and some of them have been implemented and are in use. However, since most of the security mechanisms involve slow XML manipulations, adding security to grid services introduces a big performance penalty. In this paper, we introduce various security mechanisms and compare their features and performance. Our evaluation shows that transport level security (SSL) is faster than message level security, and should be used if there is no special requirement to use message level security. For message level security, WS-SecureConversation is generally fast, but has a scalability problem.
Soft fault detection and isolation in analog circuits: some results and a comparison between a fuzzy approach and radial basis function networks

This paper provides a comparison between two techniques for soft fault diagnosis in analog electronic circuits. Both techniques are based on the simulation before test approach: a "fault dictionary" is a priori generated by collecting, signatures of different fault conditions. Classifiers, trained by the examples contained in the fault dictionary, are then configured to classify the measured circuit responses. The suggested classifiers have similar structures. The first is based on a fuzzy system, obtained by processing fault dictionary data for automatic generation of IF-THEN rules, and the second classifier is based on a radial basis function neural network. The two classifiers are used to detect and isolate faults both at the subsystem and component levels. The experimental results point out that both classifiers provide low classification errors in the presence of noise and nonfaulty components tolerance effects. The fuzzy approach provides better results due to an efficient generation method for the IF-THEN rules that allows adding IF parts in the input space regions where ambiguity occurs.
Activity-Dependent Regulation of Inhibition via GAD67

Persistent alterations in network activity trigger compensatory changes in excitation and inhibition that restore neuronal firing rate to an optimal range. One example of such synaptic homeostasis is the downregulation of inhibitory transmission by chronic inactivity, in part through the reduction of vesicular transmitter content. The enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) is critical for GABA synthesis, but its involvement in homeostatic plasticity is unclear. We explored the role of GAD67 in activity-dependent synaptic plasticity using a mouse line (Gad1−/−) in which GAD67 expression is disrupted by genomic insertion of the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Homozygous deletion of Gad1 significantly reduced miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current (mIPSC) amplitudes and GABA levels in cultured hippocampal neurons. The fractional block of mIPSC amplitude by a low affinity, competitive GABAA receptor antagonist was higher in GAD67-lacking neurons, suggesting that GABA concentration in the synaptic cleft is lower in knockout animals. Chronic suppression of activity by the application of tetrodotoxin (TTX) reduced mIPSC amplitudes and the levels of GAD67 and GABA. Moreover, TTX reduced GFP levels in interneurons, suggesting that GAD67 gene expression is a key regulatory target of activity. These in vitro experiments were corroborated by in vivo studies in which olfactory deprivation reduced mIPSC amplitudes and GFP levels in glomerular neurons in the olfactory bulb. Importantly, TTX-induced downregulation of mIPSC was attenuated in Gad1−/− neurons. Altogether, these findings indicate that activity-driven expression of GAD67 critically controls GABA synthesis and, thus, vesicular filling of the transmitter.
Primary Cleft Lip and Palate Repair in Assam, India: Does Preoperative Anthropometric Analysis Help Identify Patients with Increased Surgical Risk in a Clinically Prescreened Population?

Objective To compare anthropometric z-scores with incidence of post-operative complications for patients undergoing primary cleft lip or palate repair. Design This was a retrospective observational analysis of patients from a surgical center in Assam, India, and includes a cohort from a single surgical mission completed before the opening of the center. Setting Patients included in the study underwent surgery during an Operation Smile mission before the opening of Operation Smile's Guwahati Comprehensive Cleft Care Center in Guwahati, India. The remaining cohort received treatment at the center. All patients received preoperative assessment and screening; surgery; and postoperative care, education, and follow-up. Patients, Participants Our sample size included 1941 patients and consisted of all patients with complete information in the database who returned for follow-up after receiving primary cleft lip repair or primary cleft palate repair between January 2011 and April 2013. Interventions Preoperative anthropometric measurements. Main Outcome Measure(s) Postoperative complications. Results Anthropometric z-scores were not a significant predictor of adverse surgical outcomes in the group analyzed. Palate surgery had increased risk of complication versus lip repair, with an overall odds ratio of 5.66 (P < .001) for all patients aged 3 to 228 months. Conclusions Anthropometric z-scores were not correlated with increased risk of surgical complications, possibly because patients were well screened for malnutrition before surgery at this center. Primary palate repair is associated with an approximate fivefold increased risk of developing postoperative complication(s) compared with primary lip repair.
Coreless Multidisc Axial Flux PM Machine with Carbon Nanotube Windings

Coreless axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines are attracting increasing attention due to their compact structure and high torque density. The torque to weight ratio can be further enhanced by the use of alternate conductor materials, such as carbon nanotube (CNT), or aluminum windings in place of the copper material coils. This paper proposes a coreless AFPM synchronous motor with CNT windings. Analytical equations are developed to allow a systematic comparison of machine designs with different conductor materials. The performance of machine designs with different coil materials, namely, copper, aluminum, and CNT, is evaluated and compared. The calculations are also backed by 3-D finite-element analysis.
Shading in valve's source engine

Starting with the release of Half-Life 2 in November 2004, Valve has been shipping games based upon its Source game engine. Other Valve titles using this engine include Counter-Strike: Source, Lost Coast, Day of Defeat: Source and the recent Half-Life 2: Episode 1. At the time that Half-Life 2 shipped, the key innovation of the Source engine’s rendering system was a novel world lighting system called Radiosity Normal Mapping. This technique uses a novel basis to economically combine the soft realistic
Analysis of the mechanisms of expiratory asynchrony in pressure support ventilation: a mathematical approach.

A mathematical model was developed to analyze the mechanisms of expiratory asynchrony during pressure support ventilation (PSV). Solving the model revealed several results. 1) Ratio of the flow at the end of patient neural inspiration to peak inspiratory flow (VTI/V(peak)) during PSV is determined by the ratio of time constant of the respiratory system (tau) to patient neural inspiratory time (TI) and the ratio of the set pressure support (Pps) level to maximal inspiratory muscle pressure (Pmus max). 2) VTI/V(peak) is affected more by tau/TI than by Pps/Pmus max. VTI/V(peak) increases in a sigmoidal relationship to tau/TI. An increase in Pps/Pmus max slightly shifts the VTI/V(peak)-tau/TI curve to the right, i.e., VTI/V(peak) becomes lower as Pps/Pmus max increases at the same tau/TI. 3) Under the selected adult respiratory mechanics, VTI/V(peak) ranges from 1 to 85% and has an excellent linear correlation with tau/TI. 4) In mechanical ventilators, single fixed levels of the flow termination criterion will always have chances of both synchronized termination and asynchronized termination, depending on patient mechanics. An increase in tau/TI causes more delayed and less premature termination opportunities. An increase in Pps/Pmus max narrows the synchronized zone, making inspiratory termination predisposed to be in asynchrony. Increasing the expiratory trigger sensitivity of a ventilator shifts the synchronized zone to the right, causing less delayed and more premature termination. Automation of expiratory trigger sensitivity in future mechanical ventilators may also be possible. In conclusion, our model provides a useful tool to analyze the mechanisms of expiratory asynchrony in PSV.
New Classes of Degree Sequences with Fast Mixing Swap Markov Chain Sampling

In network modelling of complex systems one is often required to sample random realizations of networks that obey a given set of constraints, usually in the form of graph measures. A much studied class of problems targets uniform sampling of simple graphs with given degree sequence or also with given degree correlations expressed in the form of a Joint Degree Matrix. One approach is to use Markov chains based on edge switches (swaps) that preserve the constraints, are irreducible (ergodic) and fast mixing. In 1999, Kannan, Tetali and Vempala (KTV) proposed a simple swap Markov chain for sampling graphs with given degree sequence, and conjectured that it mixes rapidly (in polynomial time) for arbitrary degree sequences. Although the conjecture is still open, it has been proved for special degree sequences, in particular for those of undirected and directed regular simple graphs, half-regular bipartite graphs, and graphs with certain bounded maximum degrees. Here we prove the fast mixing KTV conjecture for novel, exponentially large classes of irregular degree sequences. Our method is based on a canonical decomposition of degree sequences into split graph degree sequences, a structural theorem for the space of graph realizations and on a factorization theorem for Markov chains. After introducing bipartite ‘splitted’ degree sequences, we also generalize the canonical split graph decomposition for bipartite and directed graphs.
Dietary essentiality of “nutritionally non-essential amino acids” for animals and humans

Based on growth or nitrogen balance, amino acids (AA) had traditionally been classified as nutritionally essential (indispensable) or non-essential (dispensable) for animals and humans. Nutritionally essential AA (EAA) are defined as either those AA whose carbon skeletons cannot be synthesized de novo in animal cells or those that normally are insufficiently synthesized de novo by the animal organism relative to its needs for maintenance, growth, development, and health and which must be provided in the diet to meet requirements. In contrast, nutritionally non-essential AA (NEAA) are those AA which can be synthesized de novo in adequate amounts by the animal organism to meet requirements for maintenance, growth, development, and health and, therefore, need not be provided in the diet. Although EAA and NEAA had been described for over a century, there are no compelling data to substantiate the assumption that NEAA are synthesized sufficiently in animals and humans to meet the needs for maximal growth and optimal health. NEAA play important roles in regulating gene expression, cell signaling pathways, digestion and absorption of dietary nutrients, DNA and protein synthesis, proteolysis, metabolism of glucose and lipids, endocrine status, men and women fertility, acid–base balance, antioxidative responses, detoxification of xenobiotics and endogenous metabolites, neurotransmission, and immunity. Emerging evidence indicates dietary essentiality of “nutritionally non-essential amino acids” for animals and humans to achieve their full genetic potential for growth, development, reproduction, lactation, and resistance to metabolic and infectious diseases. This concept represents a new paradigm shift in protein nutrition to guide the feeding of mammals (including livestock), poultry, and fish.