Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Power Optimization in Sensor Networks with a Path-Constrained Mobile Observer

Our primary contribution is to address communication power optimization in a network of randomly distributed sensors with an observer (data collector) moving on a fixed path. The key challenge in using a mobile observer is that it remains within range of any sensor for a brief period, and inability to transfer data in this period leads to data loss. We establish that the process of data collection can be modeled by a queue with deadlines, where arrivals correspond to the observer entering the range of a sensor and a missed deadline means data loss. The queuing model is then used as a design tool to identify the combination of system parameters that ensures adequate data collection with minimum power. The results obtained from the queuing analogy take a particularly simple form in the asymptotic regime of dense sensor networks. Additionally, for sensor networks that cannot tolerate data loss, we derive a tight bound on minimum sensor separation that ensures that no data will be lost on account of mobility. We present two examples to illustrate our results, from which it is seen that power reduction by two orders of magnitude or more is typical. The scenarios chosen for power comparisons also provide guidelines on the choice of path, if such a choice is available.
Investigation of the Impact of the Upstream Induction Zone on LIDAR Measurement Accuracy for Wind Turbine Control Applications using Large-Eddy Simulation

Several sources of error exist in lidar measurements for feedforward control of wind turbines including the ability to detect only radial velocities, spatial averaging, and wind evolution. This paper investigates another potential source of error: the upstream induction zone. The induction zone can directly affect lidar measurements and presents an opportunity for further decorrelation between upstream wind and the wind that interacts with the rotor. The impact of the induction zone is investigated using the combined CFD and aeroelastic code SOWFA. Lidar measurements are simulated upstream of a 5 MW turbine rotor and the true wind disturbances are found using a wind speed estimator and turbine outputs. Lidar performance in the absence of an induction zone is determined by simulating lidar measurements and the turbine response using the aeroelastic code FAST with wind inputs taken far upstream of the original turbine location in the SOWFA wind field. Results indicate that while measurement quality strongly depends on the amount of wind evolution, the induction zone has little effect. However, the optimal lidar preview distance and circular scan radius change slightly due to the presence of the induction zone.
Supporting creativity in designing story authoring tools

In this paper we describe our experience in designing an application to support children in producing their stories in a formal setting, a primary school. In particular, we reflect on the implications of our findings on levels of creativity found in the produced stories. Besides, we compare two versions of our application: one is text-based and the other is image-rich. Feedback from teachers and children is presented and discussed in terms of implications for the design. We will then use our experience to revise the existing guidelines to design authoring tools to stimulate creativity.
VIP and CRF reduce ADAMTS expression and function in osteoarthritis synovial fibroblasts

ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) family is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), working on aggrecan degradation or altering the integrity of extracellular matrix (ECM). Thus, the main purpose of our study was to define the role of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and corticotrophin‐releasing factor (CRF), as immunoregulatory neuropeptides, on ADAMTS production in synovial fibroblasts (SF) from OA patients and healthy donors (HD). OA‐ and HD‐SF were stimulated with pro‐inflammatory mediators and treated with VIP or CRF. Both neuropeptides decreased ADAMTS‐4, ‐5, ‐7 and ‐12 expressions, aggrecanase activity, glycosaminoglycans (GAG), and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) degradation after stimulation with fibronectin fragments (Fn‐fs) in OA‐SF. After stimulation with interleukin‐1β, VIP reduced ADAMTS‐4 and ‐5, and both neuropeptides decreased ADAMTS‐7 production and COMP degradation. Moreover, VIP and CRF reduced Runx2 and β‐catenin activation in OA‐SF. Our data suggest that the role of VIP and CRF on ADAMTS expression and cartilage degradation could be related to the OA pathology since scarce effects were produced in HD‐SF. In addition, their effects might be greater when a degradation loop has been established, given that they were higher after stimulation with Fn‐fs. Our results point to novel OA therapies based on the use of neuropeptides, since VIP and CRF are able to stop the first critical step, the loss of cartilage aggrecan and the ECM destabilization during joint degradation.
Triaging Mental Health Forum Posts

Online mental health forums provide users with an anonymous support platform that is facilitated by moderators responsible for finding and addressing critical posts, especially those related to self-harm. Given the seriousness of these posts, it is important that the moderators are able to locate these critical posts quickly in order to respond with timely support. We approached the task of automatically triaging forum posts as a multiclass classification problem. Our model uses a supervised classifier with various features including lexical, psycholinguistic, and topic modeling features. On a dataset of mental forum posts from ReachOut.com1, our approach identified critical cases with a F-score of over 80%, showing the effectiveness of the model. Among 16 participating teams and 60 total runs, our best run achieved macro-average F1-score of 41% for the critical categories (The best score among all the runs was 42%).
Pedestrian Detection and Tracking in Far Infrared Images

In this paper describes an approach for pedestrian detection in far infrared images. The height of a camera was set up so that people's head might be photoed by the vertical central part of images. In infrared images pedestrians belong to the upper range in the grey-level. Therefore, detects the core (especially face) of a head using the P-tile method. In this approach detects the head area candidate using binarization variable threshold in the search region around core, lowering a threshold. And it makes the search area for detection body and legs. Search area makes below head area candidate. And this method tracks pedestrian after first order prediction. First order prediction uses center of gravity each region and time series.
A divergence cleaning method for the high order DG-FEM in the time domain

We investigate the Discontinuous Galerkin-Finite Element Method (DG-FEM) for the solution of Maxwell's equations in the time domain. Divergence laws are known to be violated by this formulation, which consequently gives rise to spurious charges in numerical simulations. It is however, possible to impose additional constrains within the framework of DG-FEM and so obtain a “clean” solution spectrum. In this work a divergence cleaning method based on an orthogonal projection into a high order H(curl)-conforming space is proposed. The method separates spurious from physical solution modes while maintaining accuracy and strict energy conservation.
Guilty Conscience and Incentives with Performance Assessment Errors

This study examines the effects of guilty conscience on incentive in the situation where an agent performance assessment has errors. There are two types of assessment error: undervaluation and overvaluation. In overvaluation, agents will not correct the assessment because their wages would then decrease. Although agents will want their undervaluation corrected, principals will not correct the error due to increased wage cost. Hence, correcting errors is complicated. However, this type of selfish behavior by agents and principals produces feelings of guilt, particularly when others trust them. In this situation, a high incentive is desirable for conscientious people with a strong sense of guilt or for nonconscientious people who do not feel guilt, but it is undesirable for intermediate‐type people who are conscientious only to a certain extent.
A Survey on Policy Search for Robotics

Policy search is a subfield in reinforcement learning which focuses on finding good parameters for a given policy parametrization. It is well suited for robotics as it can cope with high-dimensional state and action spaces, one of the main challenges in robot learning. We review recent successes of both model-free and model-based policy search in robot learning.Model-free policy search is a general approach to learn policies based on sampled trajectories. We classify model-free methods based on their policy evaluation strategy, policy update strategy, and exploration strategy and present a unified view on existing algorithms. Learning a policy is often easier than learning an accurate forward model, and, hence, model-free methods are more frequently used in practice. However, for each sampled trajectory, it is necessary to interact with the robot, which can be time consuming and challenging in practice. Model-based policy search addresses this problem by first learning a simulator of the robot's dynamics from data. Subsequently, the simulator generates trajectories that are used for policy learning. For both model-free and model-based policy search methods, we review their respective properties and their applicability to robotic systems.
Radical right populism

One of the key preoccupations of scholars of contemporary politics is the political backlash of social unease about immigration and cultural diversity. In particular, support for populist radical right (PRR) parties and movements has swelled in previous decades, which has triggered extensive political and scholarly debate (Backes and Moreau, 2012). Whether we like it or not, many citizens support parties and movements that promote xenophobia, ethno-nationalism and anti-system populism (Rydgren, 2007). This review provides an overview and assessment of the scholarship on the PRR in Western European democracies. First, we briefly discuss the definitional debate about what constitutes the PRR family. Second, we review the literature on supply-side explanations for the fortunes of PRR parties and movements. Third, we discuss research on the consequences of the emergence and rise of PRR parties and movements. Do they constitute a corrective or threat to democracy (cf. Mudde and Rovira Kaltwasser, 2012)? There is now a growing literature that tackles this question in an empirical manner (Immerzeel and Pickup, 2015). The review concludes with a discussion of the future directions that theorizing and research could take. We narrow our scope to the PRR in contemporary Western European democracies. Nevertheless, the theories, findings and suggestions for future work could also be applicable to comparable cases elsewhere, such as the Tea Party in the United States (Parker and Barreto, 2014; Williamson et al., 2011) and PRR parties and organizations in Eastern Europe (Allen, 2015; Minkenberg, 2015; Pirro, 2015). Until today a strict labour division seems to divide sociologists from political scientists, with each discipline focusing on the non-electoral and electoral channel, respectively (Rydgren, 2007). Social movement protests have generally been dominated by ‘the left’, while ‘the right’ mainly uses the electoral channel to voice its discontent, instead of taking to the street (Hutter, 2014; Van der Meer et al., 2009). Consequently, social movement scholars tend to overlook the most important contemporary actors mobilizing against the consequences of globalization and immigration: the populist radical right (Hutter and Kriesi, 2013). As Caiani et al. (2012: 4) put it: ‘while political party studies provide more and increasingly sophisticated analyses of radical right parties, social movement studies . has been slow to address the “bad side” of social movement activism’. Only when sociologists widen their perspective to the electoral channel, are we able to fully grasp the implications of abstract This article reviews three strands in the scholarship on the populist radical right (PRR) in Western Europe. It first assesses political opportunity explanations for the fortunes of the PRR. Second, it discusses internal supply-side approaches, referring to leadership, organization and ideological positioning. Third, research on the consequences of the rise of these parties and movements is examined: do they constitute a corrective or threat to democracy? The review concludes with future directions for theorizing and research.
Resolving the Beta-Discrepancy for Clusters of Galaxies

Previous comparisons of optical and X-ray observations of clusters of galaxies have lead to the so-called ``$\beta$ - discrepancy'' that has persisted for the last decade. The standard hydrostatic-isothermal model for clusters predicts that the parameter $\beta_{spec} = \sigma_{r}^{2}/(kT/\mu m_{p})$, which describes the ratio of energy per unit mass in galaxies to that in the gas, should equal the parameter $\beta_{fit}$ (where $\rho_{gas}(r) \propto \rho_{gal}(r)^{\beta_{fit}}$) determined from the X-ray surface brightness distribution. The observations suggest an apparent discrepancy : $\beta_{spec} \sim 1.2$ (i.e., the galaxies are ``hotter'' than the gas) while $\beta_{fit} \sim 0.65$ (i.e., the gas is ``hotter'' and more extended than the galaxies). Here we show that the discrepancy is resolved when the actual observed galaxy distribution in clusters is used, $\rho_{gal}(r) \propto r^{-2.4 \pm 0.2}$, instead of the previously assumed steeper King approximation, $\rho_{gal}(r) \propto r^{-3}$. Using a large sample of clusters, we find best-fit mean values of $\beta_{spec} = 0.94 \pm 0.08$ and $\beta_{fit}^{corrected} = 1.25 \times \beta_{fit} = 0.84 \pm 0.10$. These results resolve the $\beta$ - discrepancy and provide support for the hydrostatic cluster model.
Prevalence of diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome in subjects with and without schizophrenia (CURES-104).

BACKGROUND There are some reports that diabetes and metabolic syndrome (MS) are more prevalent among schizophrenia patients. However, there are very few studies in India which have estimated the prevalence of diabetes and MS in schizophrenia patients. AIMS The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of diabetes, obesity, and MS in subjects with and without schizophrenia. SETTINGS AND DESIGN This case control study comprised of "cases" i.e. subjects with schizophrenia recruited from a schizophrenia centre at Chennai and "controls" i.e. healthy age- and gender-matched subjects without psychiatric illness selected from an ongoing epidemiological study in Chennai in a 1:4 ratio of cases: Controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fasting plasma glucose and serum lipids were estimated for all subjects. Anthropometric measures including height, weight, and waist circumference were assessed. Diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were defined using American Diabetes Association criteria. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS One-way ANOVA or student's "t" test was used to compare continuous variables and Chi-square test to compare proportion between two groups. RESULTS The study group comprised of 655 subjects, 131 with schizophrenia and a control group of 524 subjects without schizophrenia. The prevalence of the diabetes, IFG, abdominal obesity and MS were significantly higher among subjects with schizophrenia compared to those without schizophrenia-diabetes (15.3% vs. 7.3%, P=0.003), IFG (31.3% vs. 8.6%, P<0.001), abdominal obesity (59.2% vs. 44.7%, P<0.001), and MS (34.4% vs. 24%, P=0.014). CONCLUSION In subjects with schizophrenia, the prevalence of diabetes, IFG, abdominal obesity, and MS is significantly higher than in those without schizophrenia.
The effect of early menarche on the sexual behaviors of Korean female adolescents

Purpose This study examined the relationships between early menarche and sexual behaviors among Korean female adolescents. Methods We analyzed data from the eighth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based survey that was conducted on female high school students in grades 10-12. The survey included 17,867 students, and 974 students were assigned to the early menarche group because they had experienced menarche when they were in grade four or below, and 16,893 students were assigned to the normal menarche group because they had experienced menarche during or after grade five. The characteristics of the sexual behaviors in the early menarche and normal menarche group were analyzed. Results The early menarche group was at a higher risk of intersexual kissing or petting (odds ratio [OR], 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28-1.87), intersexual intercourse (OR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.65-3.36), homosexual kissing or petting (OR, 3.53; 95% CI, 2.22-5.59), homosexual intercourse (OR, 7.70; 95% CI, 4.04-14.66), being the victim (OR, 2.89; 95% CI, 1.98-4.22) or the assailant (OR, 13.55; 95% CI, 6.61-27.78) of sexual assaults, intercourse without any contraception (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.06-3.46), and pregnancy (OR, 5.72; 95% CI, 2.31-14.15) than the normal menarche group. Conclusion Early menarche is associated with risky sexual behaviors among adolescent females; therefore, developing comprehensive sexual health education programs and tools for early intervention are required for children who are expected to experience early menarche.
Place Attachment to Contemporary Public-Funded Mosques in Malaysia

Place Attachment has been defined as an affirmative expressive bond between people and their surroundings, in terms of psychological well-being. Within the context of religious places, not only spiritual concepts, but also the architectural features of the space could play important roles in forming users’ place attachment. This research investigated Malaysian [mosque] users’ attachment to contemporary public-funded mosques in Malaysia. The study adapted a sequential mixed research methodology for investigating this attachment. In order to develop the research variables of the final survey, 23 people were interviewed within the selected mosques. In order to further formulate the content of the final questionnaire, the systematic field observations and content analysis on the results of the interviews were conducted to identify the architectural characteristics and afforded activities of the selected mosques. A total of 288 respondents participated in the conducted survey. The results revealed that Malaysian users have strong emotional attachment to all studied mosques, due to their significance as religious and cultural places. However, there was no evidence to show that the architectural styles of the selected mosques could significantly affect the users’ Place Attachment. Finally, the results indicated that the respondents were strongly attached to the existing social links to individual experiences, religious status of the places, aesthetical aspects of the architectural elements, spatial order, pleasant surroundings, the supportive facilities and equipment, and upkeep. Employing environmental psychology, this research provided theoretical recommendations to reveal the essential components of the significance of Islamic built environments. These recommendations could become a reference for designers and scholars for leveraging local Islamic identity in the context of Malaysia as a fast growing Islamic country. The reinforced Islamic identity within the public environments can also improve the people’s environmental affections and their contributions toward the society.
Distribution of common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen in nonhematopoietic tissues

The common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA), as defined by J-5 murine monoclonal antibodies, was detected on renal tubular and glomerular cells from fetal and adult donors by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. CALLA could also be detected on epithelial cells of the fetal small intestine and on myoepithelial cells of adult breast but not on myoepithelial cells of the salivary gland. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of immunoprecipitated 125I-labeled membrane antigens from dissociated renal cells demonstrated that the antigen migrated as a 90,000 mol wt antigen rather than the 98,000-100,000 mol wt antigen noted on CALLA- positive tissue culture cell lines. The data suggest that the determinant defined by the J-5 monoclonal antibody is neither a lymphoid cell-specific differentiation antigen nor a leukemia-specific antigen.
Smad4 is critical for self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells

Members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily of growth factors have been shown to regulate the in vitro proliferation and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Working at a common level of convergence for all TGF-β superfamily signals, Smad4 is key in orchestrating these effects. The role of Smad4 in HSC function has remained elusive because of the early embryonic lethality of the conventional knockout. We clarify its role by using an inducible model of Smad4 deletion coupled with transplantation experiments. Remarkably, systemic induction of Smad4 deletion through activation of MxCre was incompatible with survival 4 wk after induction because of anemia and histopathological changes in the colonic mucosa. Isolation of Smad4 deletion to the hematopoietic system via several transplantation approaches demonstrated a role for Smad4 in the maintenance of HSC self-renewal and reconstituting capacity, leaving homing potential, viability, and differentiation intact. Furthermore, the observed down-regulation of notch1 and c-myc in Smad4−/− primitive cells places Smad4 within a network of genes involved in the regulation HSC renewal.
Europe’s Other Democratic Deficit: National Authoritarianism in Europe’s Democratic Union

This article argues for a radical recasting of the European Union democratic deficit debate. Critics have long argued that the EU suffers from a democratic deficit and that growing EU power undermines national democracy. But recent backsliding on democracy and the rule of law in Hungary and Poland reminds us that grave democratic deficits can also exist at the national level in member states and that the EU may have a role in addressing them. This article will place the EU’s struggles with democratic deficits in its member states in comparative perspective, drawing on the experience of other democracies that have struggled with pockets of subnational authoritarianism. Comparative analysis suggests that considerations driven by partisan politics may allow local pockets of autocracy to persist within otherwise democratic political unions.