Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dangerous liaisons

In July 1999, radical and controversial proposals were put forward by the UK government for a new approach to the management of dangerous individuals with severe personality disorders. The Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder (DSPD) programme involved service development and research but its most contentious part was the proposal for new legislation to provide civil and criminal powers for the detention of DSPD individuals in new specialist high-secure units. The programme has been viewed by many commentators as evidence that concerns about risk have become the over-riding driver of contemporary mental health and penal policy and it has been described as a `psychiatric manifestation of the risk society'. In this article, it is argued that while the DSPD initiative does indeed embody the ascendance of `risk thinking' in recent years, the idea of risk needs to be broadened out and understood as a complex, multi-faceted and mobile formation. Crucially, it needs to be viewed in a more `substantively political light' rather than simply as a technocratic or instrumental development.
An assessment of lead eyewear in interventional radiology

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has recently issued a proposal to reduce the occupational eye dose limit from 150 to 20 mSv. A series of experiments has been performed to determine the level of protection from scattered radiation afforded to the interventional radiology operator by protective lead glasses, taking into account variation in operator position and angle of head rotation. The lenses of the glasses have a lead equivalence of 0.75 mm lead with 0.5 mm lead present in the side shields. Our results have led us to propose the use of a general dose reduction factor of 5 when using eyewear with this lead equivalence and construction. We have also concluded that the forehead of the wearer provides the most robust position to site a dosemeter that will be used to estimate the dose to both eyes as part of a personal monitoring regime. We have confirmed that backscatter from the head itself is the limiting factor for the dose reduction potential of lead eyewear.
Is sunitinib-induced hypothyroidism a predictive clinical marker for better response in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients?

Background: The main goal of this study was to examine whether the occurrence of hypothyroidism during sunitinib therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is associated with a better outcome. Methods: The study enrolled 81 patients with pathologically proven mRCC who were treated with sunitinib between March 2008 and June 2013.Thyroid function evaluation comprised (free-thyroxine) FT4 and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) before treatment and at day 1 of each 6-week cycle. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and the differences among the groups were determined using the log-rank test. Results: Hypothyroidism occurred in 30 (37%) of 81 patients within a median 3 months (range 1–18) of treatment initiation. There was a statistically significant correlation between the occurrence of hypothyroidism during treatment and the rate of objective remission (ORR) (hypothyroid patients vs euthyroid patients: 46.7 vs 13.7%, respectively; P = 0.001). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 10 (95% CI 6.13–13.8) months in the euthyroid patients, and 17 (95% CI 9.33–24.6) months in the hypothyroid patients (P = 0.001). The median overall survival (OS) was 39 (95% CI 25.4–52.5) months in the hypothyroid patients and 20 (95% CI 14.7–25.2) months in the euthyroid patients (P = 0.019). Conclusions: The occurrence of hypothyroidism during treatment in patients was significantly associated with longer PFS, OS and better ORR in the current study.
Multiparametric MR Imaging Depicts Glycosaminoglycan Change in the Achilles Tendon during Ciprofloxacin Administration in Healthy Men: Initial Observation.

PURPOSE To determine if quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques (sodium MR imaging, glycosaminoglycan [GAG] chemical exchange saturation transfer [CEST], and T2* mapping) could be used as potential markers for biochemical changes in the Achilles tendon induced by ciprofloxacin intake. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethics committee of the Medical University of Vienna approved the protocol (number 1225/2012), and all patients gave written informed consent. Fourteen ankles from seven men (mean age, 32 years ± 12 [standard deviation]) were included in the study. All patients underwent 7-T MR imaging examinations of the Achilles tendon at baseline and 10 days and 5 months after ciprofloxacin intake. Sodium signal and T2* maps were acquired with the variable echo-time sequence and the GAG CEST values were acquired with a three-dimensional radiofrequency spoiled gradient-recalled-echo sequence. RESULTS The mean sodium signal was significantly decreased by 25% in the whole tendon (from baseline to 10 days after ciprofloxacin intake, 130 arbitrary units [au] ± 8 to 98 au ± 5, respectively; P = .023) and returned to baseline after 5 months (116 au ± 10), as observed also at the tendon insertion (baseline, 10 days after ciprofloxacin intake, and 5 months after ciprofloxacin intake, 134 au ± 8, 105 au ± 5, and 119 au ± 9, respectively; P = .034). The mean GAG CEST value in the whole tendon was parallel to the sodium signal with a decrease from baseline to 10 days after ciprofloxacin intake, 4.74% ± 0.75 to 4.50% ± 0.23, respectively (P = .028) and an increase at 5 months after ciprofloxacin intake to 4.88% ± 1.02. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study demonstrates a ciprofloxacin-induced reversible reduction of the normalized sodium MR imaging signal and the GAG CEST effect in the Achilles tendon of healthy volunteers. Changes in sodium MR imaging and GAG CEST in men may reflect a decrease of GAG content in the Achilles tendon after ciprofloxacin intake.
A Competing Risk Hazard Model for Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem globally. It is the cause of serious and sometimes life-threatening complications leading to death. It is one of the most common non communicable diseases and leading cause of death in most developed countries including Bangladesh. It is associated with the increased risk of microvascular (nephropathy and retinopathy), macrovascular (cardiovascular diseases, stroke) and other mixed (cataract, pulmonary tuberculosis, foot ulcer etc.) complications. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors related to diabetes complications and to propose competing risk models for analyzing complications of diabetes mellitus. We study 2887 diabetic patients from the BIRDEM registry record books for the period from 1984 to 1997 who have at least two follow-up visits and who are free from complications at the first visit. The data on variables such as 2-hBG, age, sex, family history of diabetes, area of residence, educational level, BMI, SBP, DBP and treatment status are obtained. Also, the time from the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to the occurrence of complications was recorded. We use the competing risk hazard model and examined the potential risk factors for determining the development of such complications. This study reveals that increase in blood pressure is a potential risk factor for CHD and nephropathy in T2DM. We also found that male and illiterate patients are more affected by nephropathy. In our study, we also revealed that female and illiterate patients are also more influenced by cataract.
A study of feedback trading in stock index futures: An empirical analysis on Asian markets

Feedback trading is an irrational trading activity that making investment decisions only based on past changes in asset prices' movement. Based on the stock index futures daily returns data, this paper estimates the feedback trading in nine Asian stock index futures markets using a TGARCH-based asymmetric feedback trading model. This paper also discusses the relationship between the feedback trading and return autocorrelation. The results show that there is strong evidence of positive feedback trading in the majority of Asian stock index futures markets, which induces negative return autocorrelation. At the same time, the positive feedback trading activity is much more violent during periods of market declines than periods of market advances, with a clear asymmetry. From the perspective of market participants' behavior, the emergence of feedback traders in stock index futures market has destabilizing effects on the spot market to some extent.
Toward a Reliable Measure of Prosody: An Investigation of Rater Consistency

Reliable and valid measures of oral reading fluency are widely used in elementary language arts classes, but there are relatively few measures of prosody defined as the characteristics of pitch, stress, and phrasing students use to convey their understanding of text. Most publishers have reported limited reliability data of the few prosody-measuring instruments available. This article examines the efficacy of the WOW Prosody Rubric. This instrument uses two skills categories: Phrasing and Expression, each divided into several dimensions. Correlation coefficients between random pairs of raters selected for analysis and determined using a Spearman rho, revealed a range from low (0.2973) to moderate (0.5277) correlation. Although these coefficients are less than ideal, this study indicates that it’s possible to create an instrument to assess prosody. The researchers suggest refining this instrument and then doing further field testing will increase the reliability of this measure of students’ mastery of prosody.
Airborne Sun photometer measurements of aerosol optical depth and columnar water vapor during the Puerto Rico Dust Experiment and comparison with land, aircraft, and satellite measurements

[1] Analyses of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and columnar water vapor (CWV) measurements obtained with the six-channel NASA Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-6) mounted on a twin-engine aircraft during the summer 2000 Puerto Rico Dust Experiment are presented. In general, aerosol extinction values calculated from AATS-6 AOD measurements acquired during aircraft profiles up to 5 km above sea level (asl) reproduce the vertical structure measured by coincident aircraft in situ measurements of total aerosol number concentration. AATS-6 extinction retrievals also agree with corresponding values derived from ground-based lidar measurements for altitudes above the trade inversion. The spectral behavior of AOD within specific layers beneath the top of the aircraft profile is consistent with attenuation of incoming solar radiation by large dust particles or by dust plus sea salt, with mean Angstrom wavelength exponents of ∼0.20. Values of CWV calculated from profile measurements by AATS-6 at 941.9 nm and from aircraft in situ measurements agree to within ∼4% (0.13 g/cm2). AATS-6 AOD values measured on the ground at Roosevelt Roads Naval Air Station and during low-altitude aircraft runs over the adjacent Cabras Island aerosol/radiation ground site agree to within 0.004–0.030 with coincident data obtained with an AERONET Sun/sky radiometer located on Cabras Island. For the same observation times, AERONET retrievals of CWV exceed AATS-6 values by ∼21%. AATS-6 AOD values measured during low-altitude aircraft traverses over the ocean are compared with corresponding AOD values retrieved over water from upwelling radiance measurements by the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), and GOES 8 Imager satellite sensors, with mixed results.
KI and WU Polyomaviruses in Patients Infected with HIV-1, Italy

To the Editor: Before 2007, two human polyomaviruses were known to infect humans: BK virus and JC virus (1,2). Recently, 2 novel polyomaviruses, KI polyomavirus (KIPyV) and WU polyomavirus (WUPyV), were identified in the respiratory secretions of children with signs of acute respiratory signs (3,4); little evidence exists to suggest that these viruses are causative agents of respiratory tract disease (5). To determine the prevalence of WUPyV and KIPyV in the plasma of HIV-1–infected patients, we screened 62 persons who were HIV-1 positive by using PCR to detect the 2 viruses. We also conducted phylogenetic analysis of the identified strains.
Effect of Distal Interlocking Screw Number and Position After Intramedullary Nailing of Distal Tibial Fractures: A Biomechanical Study Simulating Immediate Weight-Bearing

Objective: To quantify the changes in biomechanical stability conferred by the addition of a single medial blocking screw or a single bicortical interlocking screw to 2 existing distal points of screw fixation in a distal tibial fracture model repaired with intramedullary nailing. Methods: After simulation of a distal tibial metaphyseal fracture, 21 synthetic tibiae were repaired with an intramedullary nail and: (1) two bicortical locking screws placed in the 2 most distal screw holes (IM-L2); (2) three distal bicortical locking screws (IM-L3); and 2 distal locking screws and a single blocking screw positioned in the sagittal plane on the medial aspect of the nail (IM-L2B). The specimens were tested under combined cyclic axial and torsional loading for up to 16k cycles. The former was stepwise increasing, whereas the latter was with constant amplitude in internal rotation. Results: All constructs survived 12k cycles without hardware deformation or failure. IM-L3 constructs displayed the highest baseline axial stiffness at the beginning of the test (1130.9 ± 246.9 N/mm), which was significant compared with the IM-L2 construct (701.8 ± 189.57 N/mm, P = 0.004). No significant difference in baseline axial stiffness was identified between the IM-L3 and IM-L2B constructs (881.1 ± 182.4 N/mm, P = 0.125). Relative varus interfragmentary deformation at baseline was smaller in the IM-L3 treatment group (1.3 ± 0.3 degrees) relative to the IM-L2 group (2.4 ± 0.7 degrees, P = 0.012). No differences in torsional rigidity or relative interfragmentary torsional deformation were identified between groups (P > 0.168). Failure was breakage or backout of the distal bicortical screws, fracture of the distal fragment, or proximal screw breakage. There was no significant difference in number of cycles to failure between instrumentation groups (IM-L2: 14,345 ± 1438 cycles; IM-L3: 15,634 ± 626 cycles; and IM-L2B: 14,862 ± 1511 cycles, P = 0.184). Conclusion: Results suggest that each of the constructs tested here may be a biomechanically viable option allowing for immediate weight-bearing after fixation of fractures of the distal third of the tibia. The addition of a single bicortical interlocking screw to create 3 points of distal fixation improves construct stiffness while reducing interfragmentary motion relative to 2 interlocking points of screw fixation with or without a blocking screw.
Specificity and Similarity of Functions of the Aux/IAA Genes in Auxin Signaling of Arabidopsis Revealed by Promoter-Exchange Experiments among MSG2/IAA19, AXR2/IAA7, and SLR/IAA141[C][OA]

As indicated by various and some overlapped phenotypes of the dominant mutants, the Aux/IAA genes of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) concomitantly exhibit a functional similarity and differentiation. To evaluate the contributions of their expression patterns determined by promoter activity and molecular properties of their gene products to Aux/IAA function, we examined phenotypes of transgenic plants expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged msg2-1/iaa19, axr2-1/iaa7, or slr-1/iaa14 cDNA by the MSG2 or AXR2 promoter. When driven by the MSG2 promoter (pMSG2), each GFP-tagged cDNA caused the msg2-1 phenotype, that is, the wild-type stature in the mature-plant stage, long and straight hypocotyls in the dark, reduced lateral root formation, relatively mild agravitropic traits in hypocotyls, and a normal gravitropic response in roots. However, development of one or two cotyledonary primordia was often arrested in embryogenesis of the pMSG2∷axr2-1∷GFP and pMSG2∷slr-1∷GFP plants, resulting in monocotyledonary or no cotyledonary seedlings. Such defects in embryogenesis were never seen in pMSG2∷msg2-1∷GFP or the msg2-1, axr2-1, or slr-1 mutant. The MSG2 promoter-GUS staining showed that expression of MSG2 started specifically in cotyledonary primordia of the triangular-stage embryos. When driven by the AXR2 promoter (pAXR2), each GFP-tagged mutant cDNA caused, in principle, aberrant aboveground phenotypes of the corresponding dominant mutant. However, either the axr2-1∷GFP or slr-1∷GFP cDNA brought about dwarf, agravitropic stems almost identical to those of axr2-1, and the pAXR2∷msg2-1∷GFP and pAXR2∷slr-1∷GFP hypocotyls exhibited complete loss of gravitropism as did axr2-1. These results showed functional differences among the msg2-1, axr2-1, and slr-1 proteins, though some phenotypes were determined by the promoter activity.
Charting a Theoretical Framework for Examining Indigenous Journalism Culture

Indigenous media around the globe have expanded considerably over recent years, a process that has also led to an increase in the number of Indigenous news organisations. Yet research into Indigenous news and journalism is still rare, with mostly individual case studies having been undertaken in different parts of the globe. Drawing on existing research gathered from a variety of global contexts, this article theorises five main dimensions that can help us to think about and empirically examine indigenous journalism culture. They include the empowerment role of Indigenous journalism; the ability to offer a counter-narrative to mainstream media reporting; journalism's role in language revitalisation; reporting through a culturally appropriate framework; and the watchdog function of indigenous journalism. These dimensions are discussed in some detail, in an attempt to guide future studies into the structures, roles, practices and products of indigenous journalism across the globe.
Potential RNA polymerase II-induced interactions of transcription factor TFIIB

The ubiquitous transcription factor TFIIB is required for initiation by RNA polymerase II and serves as a target of some regulatory factors. The carboxy-terminal portion of TFIIB contains a large imperfect direct repeat reminiscent of the structural organization of the TATA-binding component (TBP) of TFIID, as well as sequence homology to conserved regions of bacterial sigma factors. The present study shows that the carboxy-terminal portion of TFIIB, like that of TBP, is folded into a compact protease-resistant core. The TFIIB core, unlike the TBP core, is inactive in transcription but retains structural features that enable it to form a complex with promoter-bound TFIID. The protease-susceptible amino terminus appears to contain components responsible for direct interaction with RNA polymerase II (in association with TFIIF) either on the promoter (in association with TFIID) or independently. In addition, core TFIIB (but not intact TFIIB) extends the footprint of TBP on promoter DNA, suggesting that TFIIB has a cryptic DNA-binding potential. These results are consistent with a model in which TFIIB, in a manner functionally analogous to that of bacterial sigma factors, undergoes an RNA polymerase II-dependent conformational change with resultant DNA interactions during the pathway leading to a functional preinitiation complex.
Body mass index is related with the presence of syndesmophyte in axial spondyloarthritis: Data from the Korean College of Rheumatology BIOlogics (KOBIO) registry

Abstract Objective: We investigated whether body mass index (BMI) is associated with parameters of disease activity and clinical manifestations in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Methods: Demographic, clinical, and radiological features and disease activity indexes from 789 axSpA patients (619 males and 170 females) were obtained from the Korean College of Rheumatology BIOlogics (KOBIO) registry. BMI (kg/m2) was classified into normal (BMI <23.0), overweight (23.0 ≤ BMI <25.0), and obese (BMI ≥25.0). Disease activity indexes included Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI), erythrocyte sediment rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score (ASDAS). Results: The mean BMI in patients with axSpA was 23.3 ± 3.5. 50.2% of all patients were overweight or obese. Overweight/obese patients had more syndesmophyte and less peripheral arthritis than those in normal BMI patients (p < 0.001 and p < 0.030, respectively). BMI was not associated with disease activity indexes in axSpA patients. Patients with syndesmophyte had higher BMI than those without syndesmophyte (24.2 ± 3.6 vs. 22.9 ± 3.3, p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that increased BMI was closely related with the presence of syndesmophyte (OR = 1.086, 95% CI 1.031–1.143, p = 0.002) Conclusions: Our results imply that increased BMI is significantly associated with the presence of syndesmophyte, but not with disease activity in axSpA.
Identity crisis in post-conflict societies: the ICTY's role in defensive nationalism among the Serbs

Being attentive to initial reconstruction of identities in post-conflict environments is critical because robust group images are absent and there remains time and space for shifts in policy. Applying theories of social psychology, overlooked in literature on ethnic violence, peace-building, and reconciliation, this article examines characteristics and consequences of the emerging socio-psychological trend of ‘defensive nationalism’ in post-conflict Serb narratives. The article argues that the proceedings of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) have contributed to an identity crisis among the Serbs, and identifies the issues of ‘individual versus collective’ guilt and ‘legal versus political’ trials as major factors. The destabilization of the Serb self-image on the global scene has instigated new, and furthered old, forms of defensiveness, leading to the dismissal of the tribunal's proceedings in favor of contradictory and conspiracy accounts. The point of conducting fair and effective prosecutions is undermined if reconciliation opportunities are simultaneously diminished.
Peer Influences on Academic Motivation: Exploring Multiple Methods of Assessing Youths’ Most “Influential” Peer Relationships

The present study examines the relative role of three distinct types of peer relationships (reciprocated friendships, frequent interactions, and shared group membership) in within-year changes in academic self-concept and engagement before and after the transition to middle school (fifth and seventh grade). In a series of linear regression analyses, main effects of each peer type’s academic self-concept and engagement on changes in youths’ academic characteristics were used to test socialization processes. Interactions of youths’ academic skills with those of each peer type were used to test social comparison processes influencing changes in academic self-concept. Results suggest unique roles of each peer relationship differentially influencing changes in youths’ academic adjustment as well as stronger influence effects during seventh than fifth grade. Implications are discussed in terms of distinct influence processes associated with each peer relationship type as well as potential developmental differences in the role that certain peer relationships play.