Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Schizosaccharomyces pombe Pak-related protein, Pak1p/Orb2p, phosphorylates myosin regulatory light chain to inhibit cytokinesis

p21-activated kinases (Paks) have been identified in a variety of eukaryotic cells as key effectors of the Cdc42 family of guanosine triphosphatases. Pak kinases play important roles in regulating the filamentous actin cytoskeleton. In this study, we describe a function for the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Pak-related protein Pak1p/Orb2p in cytokinesis. Pak1p localizes to the actomyosin ring during mitosis and cytokinesis. Loss of Pak1p function leads to accelerated cytokinesis. Pak1p mediates phosphorylation of myosin II regulatory light chain Rlc1p at serine residues 35 and 36 in vivo. Interestingly, loss of Pak1p function or substitution of serine 35 and serine 36 of Rlc1p with alanines, thereby mimicking a dephosphorylated state of Rlc1p, leads to defective coordination of mitosis and cytokinesis. This study reveals a new mechanism involving Pak1p kinase that helps ensure the fidelity of cytokinesis.
Age, Body Size, Body Image, and Fit Preferences of Male Consumers

This study examines the influence of specific physical factors (body size), demographic factors (age), and psychosocial factors (body satisfaction, social physique anxiety, and drive for muscularity) on apparel-specific (jeans, khakis, dress shirts, and polo shirts) fit preferences of male consumers. Data were collected through an online survey administered to 141 men in the age group of 19-66 years. Results revealed that increase in body size significantly predicted preferences for apparel (jeans, dress, and polo shirts) with looser fits, and jeans with higher waistlines. Increase in age also predicted preferences for dress and polo shirts with looser fits and jeans with higher waists. With respect to the body-image-related factors, increase in body dissatisfaction predicted increased preferences for dress shirts with looser fits and khakis with higher waistlines. Contrary to expectations, increase in men's drive for muscularity predicted preferences for jeans with lower waistlines. This study offers important implications and creates actionable market information on fit strategy for male consumer segments.
Comparing Prospective Twice-Exceptional Students With High-Performing Peers on High-Stakes Tests of Achievement

From a sample of 1,242 third graders, prospective twice-exceptional students were selected using reading and math curriculum-based measures (CBMs), routinely used in Response to Intervention (RtI). These prospective twice-exceptional students were compared with non-twice-exceptional peers with similar strengths in either math or reading on CBMs and an end-of-year high-stakes achievement test. Students (both potentially twice-exceptional and not) who are potentially gifted in reading based on CBM performance did not differ significantly on the end-of-year outcomes in reading (p < .05); rather, students in both groups performed equally high. However, twice-exceptional students who are potentially gifted in math performed significantly lower on both end-of-year math and reading outcomes than non-twice-exceptional peers. Most of the end-of-year math subtest scores were negatively affected by the prospective twice-exceptional students’ deficits in reading, even though their math CBM scores placed them into a category representing giftedness in math. Implications for screening for twice-exceptionality are discussed.
Identification of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways That Confer Resistance to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Hypoxia activates all components of the unfolded protein response (UPR), a stress response initiated by the accumulation of unfolded proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Our group and others have shown previously that the UPR, a hypoxia-inducible factor–independent signaling pathway, mediates cell survival during hypoxia and is required for tumor growth. Identifying new genes and pathways that are important for survival during ER stress may lead to the discovery of new targets in cancer therapy. Using the set of 4,728 homozygous diploid deletion mutants in budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we did a functional screen for genes that conferred resistance to ER stress–inducing agents. Deletion mutants in 56 genes showed increased sensitivity under ER stress conditions. Besides the classic UPR pathway and genes related to calcium homeostasis, we report that two additional pathways, including the SLT2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and the osmosensing MAPK pathway, were also required for survival during ER stress. We further show that the SLT2 MAPK pathway was activated during ER stress, was responsible for increased resistance to ER stress, and functioned independently of the classic IRE1/HAC1 pathway. We propose that the SLT2 MAPK pathway is an important cell survival signaling pathway during ER stress. This study shows the feasibility of using the yeast deletion pool to identify relevant mammalian orthologues of the UPR. (Mol Cancer Res 2005;3(12):669–77)
Leadership styles: a phenomenological study of transformational, transactional, and situational leadership styles employed by CIOs at military combatant commands

Chief information officers (CIOs) are the focal points for information management in a variety of domestic and global organizations. Effective and efficient leadership is paramount in executing the organization’s strategic plans and global visions. Historically, a vast amount of research has been conducted on leadership styles of CIOs in the civilian workplace. However, research pertaining to leadership styles displayed by CIOs at military combatant commands is lacking or there has been a relative small amount of research conducted. This research focused on the gap in leadership studies of CIOs at military combatant commands and employs three research questions to ascertain which leadership style is more effective for leaders. This qualitative phenomenological study was conducted at the four highly skilled, global, and operational military commands locate on a U.S. Air Force base. In particular, this research study discussed the effectiveness of transformational, transactional, and situational leadership styles of personnel working within the CIO directorate in accomplishing tasks or goals.
Errorless Codes for Over-Loaded CDMA with Active User Detection

In this paper we introduce a new class of codes for Over-loaded synchronous wireless CDMA systems which increases the number of users for a fixed number of chips without introducing any errors. In addition these codes support active user detection. We derive an upper bound on the number of users with a fixed spreading factor. Also we propose an ML decoder for a subclass of these codes that is computationally implementable. Although for our simulations we consider a scenario that is worse than what occurs in practice, simulation results indicate that this coding/decoding scheme is robust against additive noise. As an example, for 64 chips and 88 users we propose a coding/decoding scheme that can obtain an arbitrary small probability of error which is computationally feasible and can detect active users. Furthermore, we prove that for this to be possible the number of users cannot be beyond 230.
INHOMOGENEOUS RANDOM GRAPHS

One of the most studied random graphs is G(n, p), which has n vertices that can be taken as the integers 1, . , n, and where each pair of vertices is connected by an edge with probability p, independently of all other edges. Consider the case p = c/n for some constant c > 0, and let n→∞. The degree of a given vertex has a binomial distribution Bi(n − 1, c/n) ≈ Po(c). This is a strongly concentrated distribution with an exponentially decreasing tail. Many graphs from “real life” have degree distributions with much larger tails, for example power-law tails. One popular example is the Internet, either the physical network of servers or the (directed) network of web pages and links. Other examples that have been studied include, for example, graphs describing telephone calls, scientific collaborations, and protein interactions. It is therefore important to study also random graph models with less homogeneity, and in particular models with larger tails for the degree distribution. Indeed, several such models have been proposed and studied, more or less rigorously, see for example Molloy and Reed [36; 37], Kleinberg, Kumar, Raghavan, Rajagopalan and Tomkins [33], Barabasi and Albert [4], Aiello, Chung and Lu [1], Bollobas, Riordan, Spencer and Tusnady [12], Cooper and Frieze [19], Bollobas and Riordan [10], Buckley and Osthus [16] and the surveys by Albert and Barabasi [2], Dorogovtsev and Mendes [22] and Bollobas and Riordan [8]. We will describe one class of random graphs that generalize G(n, c/n) but also allow many less homogeneous examples, for example natural examples of ‘scale-free’ random graphs, where the degree distribution has a power-law tail. We believe that when it comes to modelling real-world graphs with, for example, observed power-laws for vertex degrees, our model provides an interesting and flexible alternative to existing models. Nevertheless, we will see that many properties of G(n, c/n) extend to these random graphs. In particular, we consider the question whether there exist a giant component or not, and we will, typically, find a phase transition similar to what happens for G(n, c/n). There are, however, some interesting twists for some examples.
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Human Implantation — A Review

By selecting chromosomally normal embryos for replacement, PGD for aneuploidy can (i) increase implantation rates, (ii) reduce spontaneous abortion rates, and (iii) avoid aneuploid conceptions. When eight chromosomes are analysed, a significant increase in implantation is achieved. PGD is also found to significantly reduce the incidence of spontaneous abortion and chromosomally abnormal conceptions. PGD for patients of advanced maternal age with an adequate number of embryos will improve their chances of childbirth via improved implantation and sustained gestation. PGD has also been used to help other specific groups of patients with high rates of chromosome abnormalities such as patients with recurrent spontaneous abortions, non-obstructive azoospermia, repeated IVF failure, and patients previous trisomic offspring. Recently, PGD has been performed using comparative genome hybridization, which counts all chromosomes; but time constraints require embryo cryopreservation, which reduces the potential of improved implantation 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Placenta (2003), 24, S70–S76
How advances in gifted education contribute to innovation education, and vice versa

Gifted education can be seen as a frontier of innovation education, wherein the nurturing of creativity has been an educational priority. Parallel to the first two stages of research on creativity, with its emphasis on person and process, gifted education has focused on two aspects of innovation education: how to provide a good educational match for those who demonstrate unique creative potential, and how to nurture creativity through curricular and instructional designs. These explorations have proved highly meaningful for general innovation education. In recent years, creativity researchers have broadened their perspectives beyond person and process to encompass complex socialcognitive dynamics and synergistic power. Technological advances and availability of cyber resources also make it possible to design an education gearing toward developing personal creativity on all fronts of human endeavor. It is argued that gifted education can learn from these new movements in innovation education and broaden its education scope accordingly.
Versatility and Invariance in the Evolution of Homologous Heteromeric Interfaces

Evolutionary pressures act on protein complex interfaces so that they preserve their complementarity. Nonetheless, the elementary interactions which compose the interface are highly versatile throughout evolution. Understanding and characterizing interface plasticity across evolution is a fundamental issue which could provide new insights into protein-protein interaction prediction. Using a database of 1,024 couples of close and remote heteromeric structural interologs, we studied protein-protein interactions from a structural and evolutionary point of view. We systematically and quantitatively analyzed the conservation of different types of interface contacts. Our study highlights astonishing plasticity regarding polar contacts at complex interfaces. It also reveals that up to a quarter of the residues switch out of the interface when comparing two homologous complexes. Despite such versatility, we identify two important interface descriptors which correlate with an increased conservation in the evolution of interfaces: apolar patches and contacts surrounding anchor residues. These observations hold true even when restricting the dataset to transiently formed complexes. We show that a combination of six features related either to sequence or to geometric properties of interfaces can be used to rank positions likely to share similar contacts between two interologs. Altogether, our analysis provides important tracks for extracting meaningful information from multiple sequence alignments of conserved binding partners and for discriminating near-native interfaces using evolutionary information.
Multichannel Linear Prediction for Blind Reverberant Audio Source Separation

A class of methods based on multichannel linear prediction (MCLP) can achieve effective blind dereverberation of a source, when the source is observed with a microphone array. We propose an inventive use of MCLP as a pre-processing step for blind source separation with a microphone array. We show theoretically that, under certain assumptions, such pre-processing reduces the original blind reverberant source separation problem to a non-reverberant one, which in turn can be effectively tackled using existing methods. We demonstrate our claims using real recordings obtained with an eight-microphone circular array in reverberant environments.
A Shift in ApoM / S 1 P Between HDL-Particles in Women With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated With Impaired Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the ApoM / S 1 P Complex

Recent advances in our understanding of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality have challenged the concept that the level of HDL, usually measured as its cholesterol content, is a valid HDL predictor of the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This is particularly relevant in clinical situations where risk of CVD is high yet HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are normal or increased. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is characterized by an excessive risk for CVD, yet HDL-C values are usually average or often increased in this condition. Furthermore, although HDL-C has been shown to correlate inversely with CVD risk in these subjects, very high HDL-C levels have been shown to be associated with increased risk of CVD in T1D. This raised the possibility that the large, lipid-rich HDL particles found in subjects with high HDL-C may have reduced functionality in relation to the development of CVD. Similarly, the EPIC-Norfolk study found that in the group of subjects with very high HDL-C, HDL-C was positively associated with CVD risk.
Response to ‘Questions and Concerns about the Miller Assessment for Preschoolers’

I have been invited to submit a commentary to the article by Schouten and Kirkpatrick (1993),"Questions and Concerns About the Miller Assessment for Preschoolers" (MAP) in this issue of The Occupational TherapyJournal ofResearch. I wish to thank the former and current editors of the Journal for this invitation, which reflects their sincere efforts to present a fair and balanced exchange of ideas. Both my own analysis and several independent, external analyses of the Schouten and Kirkpatrick (1993) article confirm that the article contains some valid points of criticism. No test instrument, research protocol, or scientific report is perfect. However, the valid points raised in the article are obscured by the article's negative tone and narrow, selective focus. The persistent efforts of the authors to support their point of view have produced a seriously flawed work, cloaked in the formal garb of scholarly exchange. After careful consideration and discussion with numerous colleagues, I have decided that it would be of little benefit to readers or myself to be drawn into a negative and defensive point-by-point commentary on the technical flaws in the Schouten and Kirkpatrick (1993) article. Instead, for illustrative purposes, I will indicate an
Environmental Impacts on Children's Health in Southeast Asia

Abstract: Air pollution is a serious problem in many countries in Southeast Asia, particularly in major metropolises with high levels of traffic congestion generating significant amounts of genotoxic substances. The contribution of such environmental exposure to children's illnesses, such as respiratory diseases and cancer, is a public health concern. Inner‐city children may have higher levels of exposure to genotoxic substances in the air than those living in rural areas. This study was conducted in Bangkok, where ambient levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and benzene are relatively high. Bangkok school children were exposed to total PAHs at about sixfold higher levels than those in rural areas, with levels of urinary 1‐hydroxypyrene (1‐OHP) also being significantly higher. PAH–DNA adduct levels in lymphocytes were fivefold higher in Bangkok children. Benzene exposure in Bangkok school children was more than twofold higher than the levels measured in children from the rural areas. This is in agreement with the biomarkers of internal dose, that is, blood benzene and urinary trans, trans‐muconic acid (t,t‐MA) levels. The potential health risks from exposure to PAHs and benzene were assessed through the use of DNA damage and DNA repair capacity as markers of early biological effect. DNA strand breaks were significantly higher in Bangkok school children, while DNA repair capacity was significantly lower. It appears that children in major cities in developing countries may have an increased health risk for the development of certain diseases, such as cancer due to exposure to genotoxic substances in their environment.
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchors of Plasmodium falciparum

Induction of proinflammatory cytokine responses by glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) of intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum is believed to contribute to malaria pathogenesis. In this study, we purified the GPIs of P. falciparum to homogeneity and determined their structures by biochemical degradations and mass spectrometry. The parasite GPIs differ from those of the host in that they contain palmitic (major) and myristic (minor) acids at C-2 of inositol, predominantly C18:0 and C18:1 at sn-1 and sn-2, respectively, and do not contain additional phosphoethanolamine substitution in their core glycan structures. The purified parasite GPIs can induce tumor necrosis factor α release from macrophages. We also report a new finding that adults who have resistance to clinical malaria contain high levels of persistent anti-GPI antibodies, whereas susceptible children lack or have low levels of short-lived antibody response. Individuals who were not exposed to the malaria parasite completely lack anti-GPI antibodies. Absence of a persistent anti-GPI antibody response correlated with malaria-specific anemia and fever, suggesting that anti-GPI antibodies provide protection against clinical malaria. The antibodies are mainly directed against the acylated phosphoinositol portion of GPIs. These results are likely to be valuable in studies aimed at the evaluation of chemically defined structures for toxicity versus immunogenicity with implications for the development of GPI-based therapies or vaccines.
Training tomorrow's teachers today: a national medical student teaching and leadership retreat

Introduction: Challenges to American academic medical centers have diverted attention and resources away from the core missions of teacher and leader development. To train the next generation of medical education leaders, substantial and institutionalized new programs are necessary. Methods: The American Medical Student Association, with the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, designed the Training Tomorrow's Teachers Today national medical student retreat. The week-long course endeavors to enhance participants’ clinical teaching and academic leadership skills. The program also trains students to execute a required medical education project. At the end of the course, attendees evaluated their baseline and post-course teaching and leadership effectiveness. Long-term follow-up was also completed. Results: Attendees (n = 23) self-reported statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvement in teaching and leadership. The greatest improvements in teaching scores were in the area of communicating goals. The largest leadership score improvements were: defining goals; defining constituents, allies, and opponents; and delineating organization strengths/weaknesses. 13 participants engaged in medical education projects. Conclusion: This program helps fill a gap in medical education training. Program data suggest enhancement of students’ teaching and leadership skills. A competitive application process demonstrates interest in such training. These results suggest that medical schools should offer and/or fund undergraduate teaching and leadership training.
Earnings Volatility , Earnings Management , and Equity Value

We test whether the coefficient on earnings (the earnings multiplier) in a regression of price on earnings varies as a function of the volatility of cash flows, volatility of nondiscretionary earnings and volatility of reported earnings. The purpose of the test is to examine whether discretionary earnings smoothing (a particular form of earnings management) increases or decreases the informativeness of earnings, as reflected in the earnings multiplier. Our results are consistent with discretionary earnings smoothing increasing the informativeness of earnings. Alternative explanations for the result are explored. Corresponding author: Terry Shevlin Department of Accounting, University of Washington Box, 353200, Seattle, WA 98195-3200 Phone (206) 543-7223; Fax (206) 685-9392 E-mail: shevlin@u.washington. edu The authors appreciate the helpful comments of Larry Brown, Dave Burgstahler, Sandra Chamberlain, Lane Daley, Mark DeFond, Lauren Kelly, S.P. Kothari, Linda McDaniel, Gordon Richardson, D. Shores, Naomi Soderstrom, Richard Sloan, K.R. Subramanyam, Dan Tinkelman, Robert Trezevant, Jim Wahlen, and workshop participants at the Universities of Buffalo (SUNY), Manitoba, New York University, Southern California, Waterloo, and the Boston Area Research Consortium, joint Duke and University of North Carolina workshop, 1994 Universities of British Columbia, Oregon, and Washington Conference, 1994 Stanford Summer Research Conference, 1994 Mitsui Financial Economics and Accounting Conference, 1995 American Accounting Association Annual Conference, and 1996 Western Regional AAA Conference. Financial support was provided by the Business School Research Fund and the Accounting Development Fund at the University of Washington and to Shevlin through the William R. Gregory Faculty Fellowship.
A note on asymptotic integration of second order nonlinear differential equations

The paper is concerned with the asymptotic behavior of solutions to a second order nonlinear differential equation u 00 + f(t,u) = 0. Using the Banach contraction principle, we establish global existence of solutions which satisfy u(t) = At + o(t ) as t ! +1, where A 2 R and 2 (0,1).