Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of the Quality of IV Fluid Therapy in Veterinary Medicine

Objective To evaluate the quality of the veterinary literature investigating IV fluid therapy in dogs, cats, horses, and cattle. Design Systematic review. Procedures The preferred reporting of items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) was employed for systematic review of all relevant IV fluid therapy manuscripts published from January 1969 through December 2016 in the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International (CABI) database. Independent grading systems used to evaluate manuscripts included the updated CONsolidated Standards of Reporting Trials 2012 checklist, risk of bias for animal intervention studies, criteria for levels of evidence, and methodological quality (Jadad scale). The quality of articles published before and after 2010 was compared. Results One hundred and thirty-nine articles (63 dogs, 7 cats, 39 horses, 30 cattle) from 7,258 met the inclusion criteria. More than 50% of the manuscripts did not comply with minimal requirements for reporting randomized controlled trials. The most non-compliant items included identification of specific predefined objectives or a hypothesis, identification of trial design, how sample size was determined, randomization, and blinding procedures. Most studies were underpowered and at risk for selection, performance, and detection bias. The overall quality of the articles improved for articles published after 2010. Conclusion and clinical relevance Most of the veterinary literature investigating the administration of IV fluid therapy in dogs, cats, horses, and cattle is descriptive, does not comply with standards for evidence, or provide adequate translation to clinical practice. Authors should employ and journal editors should enforce international consensus recommendations and guidelines for publication of data from animal experiments investigating IV fluid therapy.
Evaluation of PhTX-74 as Subtype-Selective Inhibitor of GluA2-Containing AMPA Receptors

The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPARs) are glutamate-gated cation channels that mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. AMPARs are tetramers formed by homo- or heteromeric assembly of GluA1–4 subunits to produce multiple subtypes with varying biophysical properties. Polyamine toxins such as joro spider toxins, philanthotoxins (PhTXs), and argiotoxins are use-dependent ion channel blockers of AMPARs widely employed as highly potent antagonists of GluA2-lacking receptor subtypes. In addition to this use, recent findings have indicated that a philanthotoxin analog, PhTX-74, can distinguish among GluA2-containing AMPAR subtypes in the presence of the prototypical transmembrane AMPAR regulatory protein γ-2 (or stargazin). Thus, PhTX-74 may be of potential use in studies of the neurobiological role of GluA2-containing subtypes. We have evaluated the pharmacological profile of PhTX-74 and related polyamine toxins at homo- and heteromeric AMPARs in the presence and absence of γ-2. Determination of IC50 values for inhibition of glutamate-evoked currents from Xenopus oocytes expressing recombinant homo- or heteromeric combinations of GluA1, GluA2, and GluA3 in the presence of γ-2 shows that PhTX-74 inhibits homomeric GluA1 and GluA3 receptors nonselectively, with IC50 values in the nanomolar range (252–356 nM), and heteromeric GluA1/A2 and GluA2/A3 receptors nonselectively, with IC50 values in the micromolar range (22 μM). Thus, in contrast to earlier findings, we find that PhTX-74 cannot pharmacologically discriminate between GluA2-containing AMPAR subtypes.
Clinical Evidence That Very Small Embryonic-Like Stem Cells Are Mobilized Into Peripheral Blood in Patients After Stroke

Background and Purpose— In a murine model of stroke, we identified a population of very small embryonic-like (VSEL) stem cells (SCs) in adult murine bone marrow that could be mobilized into peripheral blood (PB). This raised the question of whether a similar population of cells is mobilized in human stroke patients. Methods— We evaluated a number of cells that corresponded to VSEL SCs in the PB of 44 stroke patients and 22 age-matched controls. After each patient’s stroke, PB samples were harvested during the first 24 hours, on day +3, and on day +7 and then compared with normal controls. The circulating human cells with the phenotype of VSEL SCs were evaluated in PB by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, and direct immunofluorescence staining. In parallel, we also measured the serum concentration of stromal derived factor-1 by ELISA. Results— In stroke patients, we found an increase in the number of circulating cells expressing SC-associated antigens, such as CD133, CD34, and CXCR4. More important, we found an increase in the number of circulating primitive cells expressing the VSEL phenotype (CXCR4+lin-CD45- small cells), mRNA for Octamer-4 and Nanog, and Octamer-4 protein. All changes were accompanied by an increased serum concentration of stromal derived factor-1. Additionally, we found a positive correlation between stroke extensiveness, stromal derived factor-1 concentration in serum, and the number of CXCR4+ VSEL SCs circulating in the PB. Conclusions— We conclude that stroke triggers the mobilization of CXCR4+ VSEL SCs that have potential prognostic value in stroke patients. However, the potential role of these mobilized cells in brain regeneration requires further study.
Impact of Age and Storage Duration of Seedling on Yield and Yield Attributes of Wet Season Rice

Yield and yield components of wet season rice are highly depends on age and storage duration of seedling. Sometimes, farmers are compelled to transplant aged and stored seedlings due to natural calamities like flash flood, flood, drought etc. An experiment was conducted in Agronomy Field, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during July to December 2013 to determine the effect of age and storage duration of seedling on yield and yield components of transplant aman rice. BRRI dhan 52 was used in the experiment. Four seedling age (25, 30, 35 and 40-d old) and four storage durations of uprooted seedlings (0, 1, 2 and 3-d) were laid out in split-plot design with 3 replications. Seedling age, storage duration and their interaction were significant on yield and yield contributing characters such as panicles m -2 , grains panicle -1 , panicle length, plant height, tillers hill -1 and harvest index. Grain yield gradually decreased along with increased seedling age and storage duration. Seedlings of 25-d-old with 0-d storage duration produced the highest grain yield (6.35 t ha -1 ) that was at par with 1-d storage seedling (6.15 t ha -1 ) and thereafter yield reduced dramatically. The highest harvest index (47.1%) was found when 25-d-old seedlings were transplanted and the lowest harvest index (46.5%) was obtained in 40-d-old seedlings. Therefore, 25-d-old seedlings stored up to 1-d after uprooting would be suggested for transplanting to obtain better performance
Measuring SPIO and Gd contrast agent magnetization using 3 T MRI

Traditional methods of measuring magnetization in magnetic fluid samples, such as vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), are typically limited to maximum field strengths of about 1 T. This work demonstrates the ability of MRI to measure the magnetization associated with two commercial MRI contrast agents at 3 T by comparing analytical solutions to experimental imaging results for the field pattern associated with agents in cylindrical vials. The results of the VSM and fitted MRI data match closely. The method represents an improvement over VSM measurements since results are attainable at imaging field strengths. The agents investigated are Feridex, a superparamagnetic iron oxide suspension used primarily for liver imaging, and Magnevist, a paramagnetic, gadolinium‐based compound used for tumors, inflammation and vascular lesions. MR imaging of the agents took place in sealed cylindrical vials in the presence of a surrounding volume of deionized water where the effects of the contrast agents had a measurable effect on the water's magnetization in the vicinity of the compartment of contrast agent. A pair of phase images were used to reconstruct a B0 fieldmap. The resultant B0 maps in the water region, corrected for shimming and container edge effects, were used to predict the agent's magnetization at 3 T. The results were compared with the results from VSM measurements up to 1.2 T and close correlation was observed. The technique should be of interest to those seeking quantification of the magnetization associated with magnetic suspensions beyond the traditional scope of VSM. The magnetization needs to be sufficiently strong (Ms ≳ 50 Am2/kg Fe for Feridex and Xm ≳ 5 × 10−5 m3/kg Gd for Magnevist) for a measurable dipole field in the surrounding water. For this reason, the technique is mostly suitable for undiluted agents. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determining Functional Vitamin B12 Deficiency in the Elderly

Background: Elevated concentration of serum total homocysteine usually occurs in vitamin B-12 deficiency. This metabolite can be measured and used for screening functional vitamin B-12 deficiency. Objectives: We assessed functional vitamin B12 deficiency in Tehranian elderly admitted to elderly research center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences. Patients and Materials: A cross-sectional study was performed on 232 elderly admitted to elderly research center in Tehran, Iran in 2012. According to other studies, individuals were classified into two groups: high risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency (< 220 pmol/L) and borderline vitamin B-12 (220–258 pmol/L) accompanied by elevated homocysteine (> 15 micmol/L). Results: Cut-off of 15.0 pmol/L for homocysteine was identified for persons with normal or elevated concentrations. Among persons aged 65–74 and ≥ 75 years, respectively, 56% and 93% were at high risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency. Conclusions: The prevalence of B12 deficiency was higher in this study compared to other studies, so more attention and massive efficacious policy should be designed to reduce the deficiency of this vitamin.
Correction of atmospheric dynamical seasonal forecasts using the leading ocean‐forced spatial patterns

A statistical approach to correct ensemble seasonal forecasts is formulated based on the regression of the forecast model's leading forced singular value decomposition (SVD) patterns and the observed 500 hPa geopotential height. This technique is applied to the winter forecasts from two general circulation models (GCMs). The performance of the corrected forecasts is assessed by comparing their cross‐validated skill with that of the original GCM ensemble mean forecasts. We are particularly interested in the forecast skill of the Pacific/North American (PNA) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). In the case of the PNA, the technique significantly improves the skill of the less skillful of the two models, and does not modify significantly that of the other model, which produces very good PNA forecasts even before the correction. For the NAO, the correction significantly improves the forecast skill of both models.
A Multidisciplinary Phenotyping and Genotyping Analysis of a Mapping Population Enables Quality to Be Combined with Yield in Rice

In this study a mapping population (F8) of ca 200 progeny from a cross between the commercial rice varieties Apo and IR64 has been both genotyped and phenotyped. A genotyping-by-sequencing approach was first used to identify 2,681 polymorphic SNP markers which gave dense coverage of the genome with a good distribution across all 12 chromosomes. The coefficient of parentage was also low, at 0.13, confirming that the parents are genetically distant from each other. The progeny, together with both parents, were grown under irrigated and water restricted conditions in a randomised block design. All grain was harvested to determine variation in yield across the population. The grains were then polished following standard procedures prior to performing the phenotyping analyses. A Gas Chromatography—Mass Spectrometry approach was used to determine the volatile biochemical profiles of each line and after data curation and processing, discriminatory metabolites were putatively identified based on in-house and commercial spectral libraries. These data were used to predict the potential role of these metabolites in determining differences in aroma between genotypes. A number of QTLs for yield and for individual metabolites have been identified. Following these combined multi-disciplinary analyses, it proved possible to identify a number of lines which appeared to combine the favourable aroma attributes of IR64 with the favourable (higher) yield potential of Apo. As such, these lines are excellent candidates to assess further as potential genotypes to work up into a new variety of rice which has both good yield and good quality, thus meeting the needs of both farmer and consumer alike.
Pediatric sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome may be viewed as the systemic expression of cytokine signals that normally function on an autocrine or paracrine level. Sepsis is defined as systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by an infection. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome may represent the end stage of severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome or sepsis. Many cells are involved, including endothelial cells and leukocytes and multiple proinflammatory and antiinflammatory mediators (cytokines, oxygen free radicals, coagulation factors, and so forth). Various pathophysiologic mechanisms have been postulated. The most popular theory is that the inflammatory process loses its autoregulatory capacity; however, microcirculatory dysregulation and apoptosis may also be important, and a new paradigm posits a complex nonlinear system. Many new treatments have been studied recently. The usefulness of immune modulating diets remains to be evaluated. Molecular immunomodulation is still of unclear value. The therapy of sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome remains mainly supportive.
Improved Nearest Neighbor Methods For Text Classification With Language Modeling and Harmonic Functions

We present new nearest neighbor methods for text classification and an evaluation of these methods against the existing nearest neighbor methods as well as other well-known text classification algorithms. Inspired by the language modeling approach to information retrieval, we show improvements in k-nearest neighbor (kNN) classification by replacing the classical cosine similarity with a KL divergence based similarity measure. We also present an extension of kNN to the semi-supervised case which turns out to be a formulation that is equivalent to semi-supervised learning with harmonic functions. In both supervised and semi-supervised experiments, our algorithms surpass the state-of-the-art methods such as Support Vector Machines (SVM) and transductive SVM on the Reuters Corpus Volume I (RCV1) and the 20 Newsgroups dataset, and produce competitive results on the Reuters-21578 dataset. To our knowledge, this paper presents the most comprehensive evaluation of different machine learning algorithms on the entire RCV1 dataset.
Financial time series indexing based on low resolution clustering

‡ Corresponding author Abstract One of the major tasks in time series database application is time series query. Time series data is always exist in large data size and high dimensionality. However, different from traditional data, it is impossible to index the time series in traditional database system. Moreover, time series with different lengths always coexists in the same database. Therefore, development of a time series indexing approach is of fundamental importance for maintaining an acceptable speed for time series query. By identifying the perceptually important points (PIPs) from the time domain, time series of different lengths can be compared and the dimensionality of the time series can be greatly reduced. In this paper, a time series indexing approach, based on clustering the time series data in low resolution, is proposed. This approach is customized for stock time series to cater for its unique behaviors. It follows the time domain approach to carry out the indexing process which is intuitive to ordinary data analysts. One may find it particularly attractive in applications like stock data analysis. The proposed approach is efficient and effective as well. As demonstrated by the experiments, the proposed approach speeds up the time series query process while it also guarantees no false dismissals. In addition, the proposed approach can handle the problem of updating new entries to the database without any difficulty.
Identification of screwworm species by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism

Abstract. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in polymerase chain reaction amplified fragments (PCR‐RFLP) of mitochondrial DNA were used to differentiate species of New World screwworms (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Twenty‐seven restriction enzymes were screened on five regions of mtDNA. Eleven restriction fragment length patterns differentiated New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), from secondary screwworm, Cochliomyia macellaria (R). Five restriction fragment length patterns were polymorphic in C. hominivorax while all fragment patterns were fixed in C. macellaria. Diagnostic restriction fragment length patterns were used for species diagnosis, whereas intraspecific variable patterns were used to characterize field samples and laboratory strains. The PCR‐RFLP technique is flexible with regard to developmental stage of the sample and method of preservation. We were able to characterize specimens of all life stages from egg to adult including larvae preserved in alcohol and pinned adults. PCR‐RFLP is rapid and inexpensive, enabling specimens to be characterized within 24 h for less than 2.50.
Microbiological and Physiochemical Quality of Freshwater in Isiokpo Community, Rivers State, Nigeria

Aim: To determine microbiological quality of fresh water in Isiokpo community. Study Design: This study employs standard scientific methods, statistical analysis and interpretation. Place and duration of the Study: Fresh water samples were collected from Isiokpo community in Ikwerre L.G. A. of Rivers State, Nigeria. Sampling was done every two weeks from three stations of Isiokpo river for duration of six months (February–July, 2018). Samples were transported in ice packed coolers to the Microbiology Laboratory of Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, and immediately processed for analysis. Methodology: Ten- fold serial dilution technique was adopted after which 0.1 ml of appropriately diluted stock was inoculated onto sterile Microbiological media. Spread plate technique was employed for the isolation, enumeration and identification of microorganisms. The APHA standards were adopted in the determination of physico-chemical parameters which include turbidity, colour, odour, pH, conductivity, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, nitrate, sulphate, calcium and BOD5. The Duncan multiple range test was employed for analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the data obtained. Results: The mean counts for Total heterotrophic bacterial counts ranged from 4.77±0.20 log10 CFU/ml to 4.92±0.11 log10 CFU/ml. Total coliform bacteria ranged from 4.28±0.25 to 4.60±0.25log10 CFU/ml. Total Vibrio counts ranged from 1.77±1.97 log10 CFU/ml to 4.25±0.09 log10 CFU/ml. Total Pseudomonas counts ranged from 2.48±1.93 log10 CFU/ml to 4.0217±0.34 log10 CFU/ml. Total heterotrophic fungal counts ranged from 2.31±1.81 log10 CFU/ml to 4.21± 0.22 log10 CFU/ml in all the stations. The microorganisms isolated belong to the genera of Bacillus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Shigella, Vibrio, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor and Rhizopus. The pH values ranged from 5.60 to 6.80, Conductivity 35 to 40 µs/cm, Total suspended solids (TSS) 48 mg/L to 54.00 mg/L, Total Dissolved Solids 5.20 to 6.50 mg/L, Nitrate 1.00 to 1.45 mg/L, Sulphate 1.00 to 1.30 mg/L, Calcium 6.00 to 9.20 mg/L and BOD 5.30 to 6.20 mg/L in all the stations. Conclusion: The presence of E. coli which is an indicator of fecal contamination is enough to suspect that the water body is contaminated with fecal matter and pathogenic bacteria. The water should therefore not be put to human use without proper treatment because the water is of low quality and constitute a danger to public health.
Effects of Bandwidth, Compression Speed, and Gain at High Frequencies on Preferences for Amplified Music

This article reviews a series of studies on the factors influencing sound quality preferences, mostly for jazz and classical music stimuli. The data were obtained using ratings of individual stimuli or using the method of paired comparisons. For normal-hearing participants, the highest ratings of sound quality were obtained when the reproduction bandwidth was wide (55 to 16000 Hz) and ripples in the frequency response were small (less than ± 5 dB). For hearing-impaired participants listening via a simulated five-channel compression hearing aid with gains set using the CAM2 fitting method, preferences for upper cutoff frequency varied across participants: Some preferred a 7.5- or 10-kHz upper cutoff frequency over a 5-kHz cutoff frequency, and some showed the opposite preference. Preferences for a higher upper cutoff frequency were associated with a shallow high-frequency slope of the audiogram. A subsequent study comparing the CAM2 and NAL-NL2 fitting methods, with gains slightly reduced for participants who were not experienced hearing aid users, showed a consistent preference for CAM2. Since the two methods differ mainly in the gain applied for frequencies above 4 kHz (CAM2 recommending higher gain than NAL-NL2), these results suggest that extending the upper cutoff frequency is beneficial. A system for reducing “overshoot” effects produced by compression gave small but significant benefits for sound quality of a percussion instrument (xylophone). For a high-input level (80 dB SPL), slow compression was preferred over fast compression.
LEARNING FUN DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH BASED ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTSPEMBELAJARAN

This study aims to dig up information about fun learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study is focused on analyzing the perspectives of high school elementary school students regarding fun learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used is qualitative with a phenomenological design, data collected from a qualitative approach by conducting interviews and distributing questionnaires. The participants in this study were 19 fourth, fifth, and sixth grade elementary school students. The results of data collection were analyzed to form several themes. The results of the study show the importance of the skills and personality of the teacher in teaching because it greatly influences students' understanding and passion for learning. The nature and attitude shown by the teacher to students greatly influences learning, how the teacher conveys the material, chooses learning methods, and chooses learning media can attract students to enjoy learning. The role of parents is also one of the supporting factors for the creation of fun learning during the pandemic. It is very important to collaborate between teachers and parents to achieve learning goals so that they can create fun learning during the Covid-19 pandemic.