Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Contextual Ambiguity on the Interpretation and Recall of Child Sexual Abuse Media Reports

Previous research indicates that approximately 40% of child sexual abuse media reports areambiguous in the sense that information relating to the nature of abuse, the identity of the perpetrator,and/or the location of abuse is not specified. This research examined the impact of suchcontextual ambiguity on the recall and interpretation of child sexual abuse media reports. The189 respondents were recruited through media appeals and presented with one of three versionsof a child sexual abuse press report (stereotype congruent, stereotype incongruent, or contextuallyambiguous). Respondents were asked to provide written descriptions of their thoughts andfeelings about abuse incidents, which were analyzed for attributional content. Recall wasassessed after a 2-week interval. Results indicate that stereotypes affect the recall and interpretationof child sexual abuse media reports in the presence of contextually ambiguous individuatinginformation but not in the presence of nonstereotypic information that is contextuallyunambiguous.
Reference Charts for Height and Weight of School Children from West Malaysia in Comparison with the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Background: Reference charts are widely used in healthcare as a screening tool. This study aimed to produce reference growth charts for school children from West Malaysia in comparison with the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) chart. Methods: A total of 14,360 school children ranging from 7 to 17 years old from six states in West Malaysia were collected. A two-stage stratified random sampling technique was used to recruit the subjects. Curves were adjusted using Cole’s LMS method. The LOWESS method was used to smooth the data. Results: The means and standard deviations for height and weight for both genders are presented. The results showed good agreement with growth patterns in other countries, i.e., males tend to be taller and heavier than females for most age groups. Height and weight of females reached a plateau at 17 years of age; however, males were still growing at this age. The growth charts for West Malaysian school children were compared with the CDC 2000 growth charts for school children in the United States. Conclusion: The height and weight for males and females at the start of school-going ages were almost similar. The comparison between the growth charts from this study and the CDC 2000 growth charts indicated that the growth patterns of West Malaysian school children have improved, although the height and weight of American school children were higher than those for West Malaysian school children.
Sustained release effects of berberine-loaded chitosan microspheres on in vitro chondrocyte culture

Abstract The low bioavailability and short biological half-life of berberine chloride (BBR) negatively affect the protective role of this compound against osteoarthritis (OA). The present study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of sustained BBR release system. Novel BBR-loaded chitosan microspheres (BBR-loaded CMs) were successfully synthesized using an ionic cross-linking method for sustained release. The basic characteristics of the prepared microspheres were subsequently evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and in vitro release experiments. BBR-loaded CMs displayed spherical forms to encapsulate a considerable quantity of BBR (100.8 ± 2.7 mg/g); these microspheres also exhibited an ideal releasing profile. The FT-IR spectra and XRD results revealed that BBR-loaded CMs were successfully synthesized via electrostatic interaction. In vitro experiments further showed that BBR-loaded CMs significantly inhibited sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-stimulated chondrocyte apoptosis as well as cytoskeletal remodeling, and led to increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and maintaining the nuclear morphology. BBR-loaded CMs exerted markedly higher anti-apoptotic activity in the treatment of OA, and markedly inhibited the protein expression levels of caspase-3, a disintegrin, and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 induced by SNP in rat articular chondrocytes, compared with free BBR at equivalent concentration. Therefore, novel BBR-loaded CMs may offer potential for application in the treatment of OA.
Noncoronary Collateral Myocardial Blood Flow: The Human Heart’s Forgotten Blood Supply

The “noncoronary collateral circulation” (NCCC) or “noncoronary collateral myocardial blood flow” (NCCMBF), reaches the heart through a micro-vascular network arising from the bronchial, esophageal, pericardial, diaphragmatic, and aortic arteries. The left and right internal thoracic arteries (ITAs) along with their collateral branches also serve as a source of NCCMBF-a feature seen in other mammals. Under certain circumstances the ITAs have a high potential for developing collateral branches. In the case of severe Leriche syndrome or with chronic obstruction of the abdominal aorta, the ITAs can serve as the main or even sole source of blood supply to the lower limbs. It is also possible for the ITAs to develop angiographically visible branches that directly connect with the coronary arteries. In ischemic conditions there is a functional, ischemia-reducing extracardiac coronary artery supply via natural ipsilateral ITA anastomosis. To date we know little about NCCMBF and its potential benefits in clinical applications, which makes this a challenging and intriguing field of research. This paper reviews all available data on noncoronary collateral blood supply to the human heart.
What do people actually remember (and know) in "remember/know" experiments?

In two experiments, participants studied a set of words and at recognition were asked to give “remember” and “know” judgements for each recognised item. In addition, they were asked to describe as many of these experiences as possible during the period of the experiment. They found it easier to describe their remember rather than their know responses, and a selection of each of these is given from one experiment. Experiment 1 gave the participants a free rein at encoding, so that a wide selection of descriptive responses might be obtained. Experiment 2 manipulated levels of processing and showed that only remember responses reflected encoding level. These results offer additional information on phenomenal awareness in an experimental setting.
‘Unsatisfactory Saturation’: a critical exploration of the notion of saturated sample sizes in qualitative research

Measuring quality in qualitative research is a contentious issue with diverse opinions and various frameworks available within the evidence base. One important and somewhat neglected argument within this field relates to the increasingly ubiquitous discourse of data saturation. While originally developed within grounded theory, theoretical saturation, and later termed data/thematic saturation for other qualitative methods, the meaning has evolved and become transformed. Problematically this temporal drift has been treated as unproblematic and saturation as a marker for sampling adequacy is becoming increasingly accepted and expected. In this article we challenge the unquestioned acceptance of the concept of saturation and consider its plausibility and transferability across all qualitative approaches. By considering issues of transparency and epistemology we argue that adopting saturation as a generic quality marker is inappropriate. The aim of this article is to highlight the pertinent issues and encourage the research community to engage with and contribute to this important area.
Fathers in disadvantaged families: The importance of parental self-efficacy and partnership satisfaction for infants' development and mothers' interactive style

A father's involvement and influence on child development has received increasing scientific attention over the last decades. Nevertheless, parental self-efficacy (PSE) in fathers and its associations with early mother-child interaction and child outcomes are understudied, especially when environmental conditions of the family are adverse. Partnership satisfaction as a key determinant of family unity could be a possible mediating variable determining these associations. The present article examines the importance of self-rated paternal PSE and partnership satisfaction at six months postpartum for infant's cognitive, psychomotor, and social-emotional development and maternal interaction style at 12 months postpartum in a sample of 83 socially and financially disadvantaged families. Results indicate significant associations among paternal ratings, maternal reciprocity and infants' social-emotional development. Paternal partnership satisfaction was found to fully mediate the association between paternal PSE and maternal reciprocity.
Decreased cord blood estradiol levels in related to mothers with gestational diabetes

Abstract Recent studies have revealed a link between estradiol (E2) and glucose homeostasis. We aimed to assess the association between cord blood hormone levels and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A total of 204 pregnant women with GDM and 204 pregnant women without GDM (control) were included in the study. Maternal GDM were diagnosed using a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test at 24 to 26 weeks of gestation. Cord blood samples from neonates were collected immediately post delivery. Controls, which were randomly selected from the study population, were matched (cases to controls ratio: 1:1) to cases by age, sex of fetus, and gestational week. Pregravid body mass index (BMI) (mean ± standard deviation) was (GDM vs. control): 24.5 ± 2.1 versus 22.8 ± 2.4 (P = .001). Cord blood estradiol in the GDM group was significantly lower than in the control group (P < .05). Pregravid BMI in the GDM group was significantly higher than in the control group (P < .05). Estradiol concentrations in cord blood were negatively correlated with birth weight (r = −0.121, P < .05). Conditional logistic regressions showed pregravid BMI, cord blood estradiol, and parity independently and positively predicted GDM. Multivariable regression splines characterize a nonlinear relationship between cord blood estradiol and GDM risk. These results demonstrate a relationship between cord blood estradiol levels and GDM. Estradiol might be involved in the pathophysiology of GDM. Further studies are needed to explore potential mechanism.
MultispeQ Beta: a tool for large-scale plant phenotyping connected to the open PhotosynQ network

Large-scale high-throughput plant phenotyping (sometimes called phenomics) is becoming increasingly important in plant biology and agriculture and is essential to cutting-edge plant breeding and management approaches needed to meet the food and fuel needs for the next century. Currently, the application of these approaches is severely limited by the availability of appropriate instrumentation and by the ability to communicate experimental protocols, results and analyses. To address these issues, we have developed a low-cost, yet sophisticated open-source scientific instrument designed to enable communities of researchers, plant breeders, educators, farmers and citizen scientists to collect high-quality field data on a large scale. The MultispeQ provides measurements in the field or laboratory of both, environmental conditions (light intensity and quality, temperature, humidity, CO2 levels, time and location) and useful plant phenotypes, including photosynthetic parameters—photosystem II quantum yield (ΦII), non-photochemical exciton quenching (NPQ), photosystem II photoinhibition, light-driven proton translocation and thylakoid proton motive force, regulation of the chloroplast ATP synthase and potentially many others—and leaf chlorophyll and other pigments. Plant phenotype data are transmitted from the MultispeQ to mobile devices, laptops or desktop computers together with key metadata that gets saved to the PhotosynQ platform (https://photosynq.org) and provides a suite of web-based tools for sharing, visualization, filtering, dissemination and analyses. We present validation experiments, comparing MultispeQ results with established platforms, and show that it can be usefully deployed in both laboratory and field settings. We present evidence that MultispeQ can be used by communities of researchers to rapidly measure, store and analyse multiple environmental and plant properties, allowing for deeper understanding of the complex interactions between plants and their environment.
A playback system that synchronizes the musical phrases with listener's respiration phases

We propose a novel sound presentation system that utilizes a listener's respiration (breath) information. The system uses sound data, targets of the respiration phase bounded to the sound data and the listener's respiration trace. In replaying the sound, the system attempts to change the replay speed to minimize the difference between the target of respiration phase and the observed (listener's) respiration phase. Thus, a listener using the system has more chances to listen to a specific phrase with a specific respiration phase. In an experiment, chromatic scale movements were presented with different replay strategies to evaluate the system. Although the participant did not know about the control system, they reported a difference in their arousal feeling. The results indicate that music presentation that follows the listener's respiration will have significant effect on the impression of sound, suggesting that we may extend the possibility of sound presentation.
Exploring women's problem gambling: a review of the literature

Problem gambling is a social issue that increasingly involves women; however, research into gambling and gambling problems amongst women has not kept pace with the feminization of gambling. The aims of this paper are to review relevant literature, discuss research findings on distinctive features of women's gambling, and consider various explanations for gender differences in gambling. While minimal gendered gambling research has been conducted over the past decade, gender differences are apparent in relation to progression to problem gambling, gambling preferences and motivations. Drawing on literature including social capital theory, gender role theory, socialization and cultural geography helps to illuminate why, for instance, for some older women, their gambling increases as their gendered caring role decreases. A better understanding of women's experiences of gambling will allow practical prevention, harm-minimization and treatment strategies to be implemented, and for women's concerns and needs to be accommodated in gambling policy.
Well-Being and the Transition to Parenthood: An Identity Theory Approach

Research has suggested that one factor that affects individual and marital well-being among new parents is role congruence. In this article the relationship between role congruence and well-being is theoretically recast using recent developments in identity theory. From an identity theory perspective, role incongruence is problematic because it reflects the degree to which individuals can verify their identities. When meanings in the social environment are inconsistent with identity meanings (such as occurs with role incongruence), identity verification processes are disrupted and individuals evaluate themselves and their relationships less positively. Therefore, new parents who are unable to verify their parent identity should be more likely to experience a decline in individual and marital well-being. Consistent with previous research, results suggest that parenthood per se may not be detrimental to individual and marital well-being. Results are consistent with the idea that the ability to verify conceptions of self-as-parent is important in understanding individual and marital well-being in the transition to parenthood.
Specification, Quantification and Provision of Quality of Service and Congestion Control for New Communication Services

Reservationless computer communication networks based on the best effort paradigm are no longer capable of providing the quality of service necessary for the new generation of computer communication services, such as voice, video and multimedia services. These new services and their users have very different communication needs, and must not be treated equal by the communication system. Quality of service (QoS) specification on a per communication service basis, and quality of service guarantee by reservation-oriented communication systems are the key solutions for the support of new age information systems. QoS specification requires service characterization based on a set of QoS parameters that, on one hand, is rich enough to accommodate service and traffic dynamics and, on the other hand, is simple and flexible enough to allow the implementation of an efficient reservation policy. QoS guarantee by reservation-oriented communication systems can only be achieved by the deployment of new congestion control functions that can prevent service degradation and - based on a quantification scheme - be used to evaluate the network in terms of QoS performance and available capability. Traditionally, congestion control functions were focused on the communication system itself. It is now evident that new congestion control functions must be focused on communication services, as the network may be in a congestion level that is perfectly adequate for a broad range of services and totally inadequate for other services. Thus, the congestion must be evaluated from the user (or service) point of view, in addition to the network point of view. In this paper, the authors propose a Quality of Service Framework that provides the basis for QoS specification, quantification and guarantee, and thus constitutes a fundamental tool to the definition and establishment of new generation computer communication services. Firstly, a new congestion definition is proposed, focusing the effects of the communication system on the behavior of communication services. In line with the proposed definition, a model for QoS specification and characterization is presented. Secondly, a metric for the continuous evaluation of the congestion level of individual communication services is given. The metric is based on the deviation of traffic parameters from the values specified during the QoS negotiation phase. From individual service evaluation, an algorithm for the calculation of partial and global communication system congestion is then proposed. Finally, a multidimensional framework for congestion control characterization is presented, in which each dimension identifies a different view - or plane - of the problem.
Does antrochoanal polyp present with epistaxis?

OBJECTIVE To compare the gross and microscopic appearance of antrochoanal polyps associated with recurrent epistaxis, with those with a more typical presentation. DESIGN Prospective, controlled study. METHODS All patients underwent clinical and endoscopic examination, computed tomography scanning, and examination under anaesthesia, in order to detect the gross diagnostic criteria for antrochoanal polyp. Histological findings on light microscopy were compared for polyps presenting with epistaxis versus those without. The number of predominant inflammatory cells in the corium was determined in both groups and statistically compared using the Student t-test. RESULTS Recurrent epistaxis was a presenting symptom in 10/84 (11.9 per cent) patients with gross diagnostic criteria for antrochoanal polyp. Grossly, these patients' polyps had a reddish, vascular surface in parts. Histologically, these polyps showed a highly vascular stroma with multiple dilated blood vessels, the typical appearance of an angiomatous antrochoanal polyp. Thrombi at different stages of development were detected, with no infarcts. The remaining cases (88.1 per cent) had no history of epistaxis; histologically, these patients' polyps showed an oedematous connective tissue core with few inflammatory cells. Plasma cells were predominant in the angiomatous polyps, being significantly more prevalent than in the ordinary antrochoanal polyps (p < 0.00). CONCLUSIONS It would appear that only angiomatous antrochoanal polyps present with epistaxis. Detection of the characteristic gross appearance of these polyps may help avoid unwanted surgery. Histopathological analysis confirms the diagnosis. A significantly increased number of plasma cells may be the underlying cause of the histological changes seen in angiomatous antrochoanal polyps.
Methamphetamine enhances cell-associated feline immunodeficiency virus replication in astrocytes

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among substance abusers is on the rise worldwide. Psychostimulants, and in particular methamphetamine (METH), have detrimental effects on the immune system as well as causing a progressive neurodegeneration, similar to HIV infection. Many Lentivirinae, including feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), penetrate into the central nervous system early in the course of infection with astrocytes serving as a reservoir of chronic brain infection. We demonstrate that the FIV-Maryland isolate infects feline primary and cell line (G355-5)-cultured astrocytes only under cell-associated conditions. Infected astrocytes yielded a new astrocytotropic isolate, capable of cell-free infection (termed FIV-MD-A). This isolate contained four amino acid substitutions in the envelope polyprotein resulting in a change in net charge as compared to FIV-MD. Infection for both isolates was dependent upon a functional astrocyte CXCR4 receptor. Methamphetamine increased significantly FIV replication in feline astrocytes for cell-associated infection only, with no effect on peripheral blood mononuclear cells or astrocytes infected with FIV-MD-A. This viral replication was related to proviral copy number, suggesting the effect of METH is at the viral entry or integration into host genome levels, but not at the translational level. Thus, lentiviral infection of the brain in the presence of the psychostimulant METH may result in enhanced astrocyte viral replication, producing a more rapid and increased brain viral load.
Framing Civility in the Middle East: alternative perspectives on the state and civil society

Abstract The notion of civility, although commonly invoked in narratives about the Middle East and the Muslim world, fails nonetheless to be adequately framed and investigated in analyses of political change in the region. This contribution confronts this problem by considering, first, how far traditional ‘Western’ notions of civility are relevant to analyses of civility in polities where liberal normativity is not for the most part shared by those individuals and communities involved in everyday civic interactions. It then distinguishes the role that civility is commonly said to play in civil society and, via civil society inthe state-sanctioned framework for a ‘good’ society, from the relevance of civility for society itself. From this perspective the contribution emphasises the importance ofintersubjectivity in the communication of practices of civility, and de-emphasises the primacy of formal liberal norms and values for the recognition of the ‘other’ and the articulation of peaceful societal interactions.