Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Local Hyperthermiaon BloodFlowand Microenvironment: A Review1

The blood flow in tumors varies considerably among different tumor types. Even in the same tumor, the distribution of vasculature and blood flow is quite heterogeneous. The tumor blood flow generally decreases as the tumors grow larger, owing partially to progressive deterioration of vascular beds and to the rapid growth of tumor cell population relative to vascular beds. Contrary to the general notion that blood flow is less in tumors than in normal tissues, blood flow in many tumors, particularly in small tumors, is actually greater than that in surrounding normal tissues at normothermic conditions. Compared to the normal tissue blood flow, however, the capacity of tumor blood flow to increase upon heating appears to be rather limited. Conse quently, the heat dissipation by blood flow in tumors is slower than that in normal tissues, and thus the temperature of tumor rises higher than that in normal tissue during heating. Preferential heating of tumors, however, may not be achieved all the time because the relative blood perfusion in some tumors remains greater than that in the surrounding normal tissues despite the profound increase in normal tissue blood flow during heating. The vasculature in tumor can be significantly damaged at temperatures which may alter but do not damage the vasculature of normal tissue. Upon heating, the intratumor environment be comes acidic, hypoxic, and nutritionally deprived due probably to vascular damage. Such a suboptimal environment in the heated tumors potentiates the response of tumor cells to hyperthermia, inhibits the repair of thermal damage, and also interferes with the development of thermal tolerance. The acidic environ ment also appears to potentiate the response of tumor cells to certain drugs at elevated temperatures. The changes in oxygÃ©n ation of tumors and normal tissues caused by the changes in blood flow may have significant implications in the effectiveness of different sequences of hyperthermia and radiotherapy in the combined use of these two modalities. Changes in the distribu tion of drugs in tumors and normal tissues due to changes in blood flow will also determine the optimal use of hyperthermia in conjunction with chemotherapy.
Cosmic Concordance and Quintessence

We present a comprehensive study of the observational constraints on spatially flat cosmological models containing a mixture of matter and quintessence—a time-varying, spatially inhomogeneous component of the energy density of the universe with negative pressure. Our study also includes the limiting case of a cosmological constant. We classify the observational constraints by redshift: low-redshift constraints include the Hubble parameter, baryon fraction, cluster abundance, the age of the universe, bulk velocity and the shape of the mass power spectrum; intermediate-redshift constraints are due to probes of the redshift-luminosity distance based on Type Ia supernovae, gravitational lensing, the Lyα forest, and the evolution of large-scale structure; high-redshift constraints are based on measurements of the cosmic microwave background temperature anisotropy. Mindful of systematic errors, we adopt a conservative approach in applying these observational constraints. We determine that the range of quintessence models in which the ratio of the matter density to the critical density is 0.2 ≲ Ωm ≲ 0.5, and the effective, density-averaged equation of state is -1 ≤ w ≲ -0.2, is consistent with the most reliable, current low-redshift and microwave background observations at the 2 σ level. Factoring in the constraint due to the recent measurements of Type Ia supernovae, the range for the equation of state is reduced to -1 ≤ w ≲ -0.4, where this range represents models consistent with each observational constraint at the 2 σ level or better (concordance analysis). A combined maximum likelihood analysis suggests a smaller range, -1 ≤ w ≲ -0.6. We find that the best-fit and best-motivated quintessence models lie near Ωm ≈ 0.33, h ≈ 0.65, and spectral index ns = 1, with an effective equation of state w ≈ -0.65 for "tracker" quintessence and w = -1 for "creeper" quintessence.
First Detection of Leishmania major DNA in Sergentomyia (Spelaeomyia) darlingi from Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Foci in Mali

Background Leishmania major complex is the main causative agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) in the Old World. Phlebotomus papatasi and Phlebotomus duboscqi are recognized vectors of L. major complex in Northern and Southern Sahara, respectively. In Mali, ZCL due to L. major is an emerging public health problem, with several cases reported from different parts of the country. The main objective of the present study was to identify the vectors of Leishmania major in the Bandiagara area, in Mali. Methodology/Principal Findings An entomological survey was carried out in the ZCL foci of Bandiagara area. Sandflies were collected using CDC miniature light traps and sticky papers. In the field, live female Phlebotomine sandflies were identified and examined for the presence of promastigotes. The remaining sandflies were identified morphologically and tested for Leishmania by PCR in the ITS2 gene. The source of blood meal of the engorged females was determined using the cyt-b sequence. Out of the 3,259 collected sandflies, 1,324 were identified morphologically, and consisted of 20 species, of which four belonged to the genus Phlebotomus and 16 to the genus Sergentomyia. Leishmania major DNA was detected by PCR in 7 of the 446 females (1.6%), specifically 2 out of 115 Phlebotomus duboscqi specimens, and 5 from 198 Sergentomyia darlingi specimens. Human DNA was detected in one blood-fed female S. darlingi positive for L. major DNA. Conclusion Our data suggest the possible involvement of P. duboscqi and potentially S. darlingi in the transmission of ZCL in Mali.
Control of infinite Symbolic Transition Systems under partial observation

We propose algorithms for the synthesis of state-feedback controllers through partial observation of infinite state systems modelled by Symbolic Transition Systems. We provide models of safe controllers both for potentially blocking and non blocking controlled systems. To obtain algorithms for these problems, we use abstract interpretation techniques which provide over-approximations of the transitions set to be disabled. To our knowledge, with the hypotheses taken, the improved version of our algorithm provides a better solution than what was previously proposed in the literature. Our tool SMACS allowed us to make an empirical validation of our methods to show their feasibility and usability.
Understanding desistance from sexual offending

Although there is a substantial body of work on desistance from crime in general, comparatively little is known about desistance from sexual crime. The broad aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the research methodology and preliminary findings from a recent empirical study on desistance from sexual offending conducted by the authors.1 Such findings have potentially important implications for policy and practice concerning sex offender risk assessment, treatment and management.
Quotient correlation: A sample based alternative to Pearson’s correlation

The quotient correlation is defined here as an alternative to Pearson's correlation that is more intuitive and flexible in cases where the tail behavior of data is important. It measures nonlinear dependence where the regular correlation coefficient is generally not applicable. One of its most useful features is a test statistic that has high power when testing nonlinear dependence in cases where the Fisher's Z-transformation test may fail to reach a right conclusion. Unlike most asymptotic test statistics, which are either normal or Χ 2 , this test statistic has a limiting gamma distribution (henceforth, the gamma test statistic). More than the common usages of correlation, the quotient correlation can easily and intuitively be adjusted to values at tails. This adjustment generates two new concepts-the tail quotient correlation and the tail independence test statistics, which are also gamma statistics. Due to the fact that there is no analogue of the correlation coefficient in extreme value theory, and there does not exist an efficient tail independence test statistic, these two new concepts may open up a new field of study. In addition, an alternative to Spearman's rank correlation, a rank based quotient correlation, is also defined. The advantages of using these new concepts are illustrated with simulated data and a real data analysis of internet traffic.
Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in an Adolescent on Long-Term Inhalational Corticosteroids

A relationship between the development of osteonecrosis of the femoral head and systemic corticosteroids has been well established in the literature, particularly in adults. However, the link between osteonecrosis and inhaled corticosteroids is less researched and understood. We report an usual case report of a 10-year-old male who developed ipsilateral femoral head osteonecrosis after long-term inhalational corticosteroid and intermittent short courses of oral steroid usage with a unique presentation and delayed diagnosis.
Low-pass filter design applying short-parallel coupled lines associated with open stubs

This paper proposed a novel low-pass filter design which applies short-parallel-coupled lines with open stubs. Transmission zeros created in the stopband, induced by the parallel open stubs, makes a sharp frequency response above cutoff frequency and results in a wide rejection bandwidth. The circuit analysis of the short-parallel coupled line is performed by the pi-type equivalent circuit. One 5-th order and one 7-th order Chebyshev low-pass filters both with cutoff frequency 2.45GHz and 0.01dB ripple were demonstrated to verify this design method. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement within the frequency of interest.
The Epidemiology of Soccer Heading in Competitive Youth Players

We administered neurocognitive batteries to 49 youth soccer athletes (9–15 yr), who were selected from competitive soccer teams in Central Florida. We collected observational data on soccer heading, self-reported soccer heading, as well as demographics, including school, medical, and soccer history. Both the frequency and intensity of heading the ball in soccer was low in comparison with adolescents and adults. In our sample, the vast majority of soccer headings were of low to moderate intensity and direct (i.e., the incoming flight of the ball was perpendicular to the forehead). Age significantly correlated with frequent heading. Parents were reliable observers of their children’s soccer heading behavior and other at-risk behaviors during games. The majority of soccer headings were direct rather than flicks. Almost half of our participants reported headache and one-fourth reported dizziness after instances of heading the ball. Frequency of soccer heading was not related to neuropsychological score data.
Results on converse Lyapunov theorems for difference inclusions

We present new results on the existence of Lyapunov functions for discrete-time systems described by difference inclusions that are stable with respect to two measures. Specifically, the existence of a discrete-time Lyapunov function is equivalent to the robustness of the stability property. We present several cases where this robustness holds.
Development of a Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor Based on Screen-Printed Electrodes Modified with Inkjet-Printed Prussian Blue Nanoparticles

A sensor for the simple and sensitive measurement of hydrogen peroxide has been developed which is based on screen printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) deposited using piezoelectric inkjet printing. PBNP-modified SPEs were characterized using physical and electrochemical techniques to optimize the PBNP layer thickness and electroanalytical conditions for optimum measurement of hydrogen peroxide. Sensor optimization resulted in a limit of detection of 2 × 10−7 M, a linear range from 0 to 4.5 mM and a sensitivity of 762 μA·mM−1·cm−2 which was achieved using 20 layers of printed PBNPs. Sensors also demonstrated excellent reproducibility (<5% rsd).
Predicting the outcomes of treatment to eradicate the latent reservoir for HIV-1

Significance HIV infection cannot be cured by current antiretroviral drugs, due to the presence of long-lived latently infected cells. New antilatency drugs are being tested in clinical trials, but major unknowns remain. It is unclear how much latent virus must be eliminated for a cure, which remains difficult to answer empirically due to few case studies and limited sensitivity of viral reservoir assays. In this paper, we introduce a mathematical model of HIV dynamics to calculate the likelihood and timing of viral rebound following antilatency treatment. We derive predictions for the required efficacy of antilatency drugs, and demonstrate that rebound times may be highly variable and occur after years of remission. These results will aid in designing and interpreting HIV cure studies. Massive research efforts are now underway to develop a cure for HIV infection, allowing patients to discontinue lifelong combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). New latency-reversing agents (LRAs) may be able to purge the persistent reservoir of latent virus in resting memory CD4+ T cells, but the degree of reservoir reduction needed for cure remains unknown. Here we use a stochastic model of infection dynamics to estimate the efficacy of LRA needed to prevent viral rebound after ART interruption. We incorporate clinical data to estimate population-level parameter distributions and outcomes. Our findings suggest that ∼2,000-fold reductions are required to permit a majority of patients to interrupt ART for 1 y without rebound and that rebound may occur suddenly after multiple years. Greater than 10,000-fold reductions may be required to prevent rebound altogether. Our results predict large variation in rebound times following LRA therapy, which will complicate clinical management. This model provides benchmarks for moving LRAs from the laboratory to the clinic and can aid in the design and interpretation of clinical trials. These results also apply to other interventions to reduce the latent reservoir and can explain the observed return of viremia after months of apparent cure in recent bone marrow transplant recipients and an immediately-treated neonate.
Can a 3+2 oscillation model explain the NuTeV electroweak results?

The sin{sup 2}{theta}{sub W} result from NuTeV falls three standard deviations from the value determined by global electroweak fits. It has been suggested that one possible explanation for this result could be the oscillation of electron neutrinos in the NuTeV beam to sterile neutrinos. This article examines several cases of masses and mixings for 3+2 neutrino oscillation models which fit the current oscillation data at 99% C.L. We conclude that electron to sterile neutrino oscillations can account for only up to a third of a standard deviation between the NuTeV determination of sin{sup 2}{theta}{sub W} and the standard model.
Invited sessions ! " " # Società Italiana di Statistica

The AR metric was firstly introduced in 1983 as a tool for choosing a representative element from a large collection of time series and for clustering temporal data. The proposal has been extended to many contexts and has raised currently an increasing interest in time series data mining. The main results concerning the AR metric, its asymptotic distribution and some operational and methodological issues are presented. A comparison of the merits of this distance criterion and some caveats about its usage in practical applications conclude the paper.
Menu Costs, Relative Prices, and Inflation: Evidence for Canada

Authors' note: Subsequent to completing this Working Paper, we realized that the way we constructed the weighted relative prices, ri, as described on page 8, is not invariant to the rate of inflation and this introduces a bias in favour of the menu-cost hypothesis. Preliminary results with a correction to this problem reveal that it affects the quantitative results. We are currently revisiting our empirical analysis more completely to consider the quantitative and qualitative implications of removing this bias. The menu-cost models of price adjustment developed by Ball and Mankiw (1994;1995) predict that short-run movements in inflation should be positively related to the skewness and the variance of the distribution of disaggregated relative-price shocks in each period. We test these predictions on Canadian data using the distribution of changes in disaggregated producer prices to measure the skewness and standard deviation of relative-price shocks. We find the Canadian data, both in the context of partial correlations and standard price Phillips curve equations, are highly supportive of the predictions that arise from the menu-cost models. Indeed, we find that the positive relationship between inflation and the skewness of the distribution of relative-price shocks is one of the most robust features of the Canadian Phillips curve and significantly improves our ability to explain inflation dynamics.
Automatic Vectorization of Interleaved Data Revisited

Automatically exploiting short vector instructions sets (SSE, AVX, NEON) is a critically important task for optimizing compilers. Vector instructions typically work best on data that is contiguous in memory, and operating on non-contiguous data requires additional work to gather and scatter the data. There are several varieties of non-contiguous access, including interleaved data access. An existing approach used by GCC generates extremely efficient code for loops with power-of-2 interleaving factors (strides). In this paper we propose a generalization of this approach that produces similar code for any compile-time constant interleaving factor. In addition, we propose several novel program transformations, which were made possible by our generalized representation of the problem. Experiments show that our approach achieves significant speedups for both power-of-2 and non--power-of-2 interleaving factors. Our vectorization approach results in mean speedups over scalar code of 1.77x on Intel SSE and 2.53x on Intel AVX2 in real-world benchmarking on a selection of BLAS Level 1 routines. On the same benchmark programs, GCC 5.0 achieves mean improvements of 1.43x on Intel SSE and 1.30x on Intel AVX2. In synthetic benchmarking on Intel SSE, our maximum improvement on data movement is over 4x for gathering operations and over 6x for scattering operations versus scalar code.
A Functional Analysis of Quotations from Lun Yu

Working within the Systemic Functional framework,this paper attempts to evaluate the translation of a few quotations from Confucius's Lun Yu.To be specific,the translated quotations are taken from three different versions(i.e.,by Arthur Waley,Pan Fuen Wen Shaoxia,and Lai Bo Xia Yuhe) and the focus is on Transitivity analysis.The discussion not only indicates that a functional discourse analysis helps us to evaluate the translation product in a systemic and systematic way but also shows the feasibility and applicability of a functional approach to translation studies.
An implementation of Pointer-Networks with Extensions

*Correspondence: wangdong99@mails.tsinghua. edu.cn 1Center for Speech and Language Technology, Research Institute of Information Technology, Tsinghua University, ROOM 1-303, BLDG FIT, 100084 Beijing, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Abstract This report presents the technique for implementing Pointer-Networks as well as extending the models in two ways: deploying an incremental strategy for refine results for large size problems and adding extra memory slots to enhance the attention mechanism in order to generate more accurate results. By doing such preliminary research on these two extensions, we show the potential advantage of the incrementally learning strategy and memory structures that can benefit our future works.
Flash Crowd Handling in P 2 P Live Video Streaming Systems

An interesting and challenging phenomenon that has been observed in P2P live video streaming systems is flash crowd – the arrival of hundreds of thousands of peers in a short time span. Experiments have shown that the system can scale only up to a limit during flash crowd. This is limited both by the available surplus bandwidth as well as the intense competition among the peers for scarce resources. Various population control measures have been suggested for both mesh-based and tree-based systems. The key idea is to organize the peers and reduce competition among them. The main focus area of this paper is on tree-based systems. Such systems have seen some algorithms with centralized control. In this paper, we propose a distributed algorithm to handle flash crowd in tree-based P2P live video streaming systems by organizing the peers into hierarchical positions and only the peers at the top of the hierarchy directly access the available resources.
Social mobility, social network and subjective well-being in the UK

This paper examines the intergenerational mobility trajectory (class) effects on social connection and, through this, on subjective well-being in contemporary UK society. Drawing on data from the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study, we measured four types of formal and informal social network (civic engagement, neighbourhood cohesion, diversity and size of social networks) and used three indictors for well-being. We find that social network does play a significant role on well-being but the impact is much smaller than that of class. We also find that class is more closely related to the formal than the informal domains of social network. Demographic attributes show some influences but social network, employment, and prior levels of well-being in particular, have more salient effects on well-being. Over and above all this, class as an indicator of cumulative advantages and disadvantages has a persistent and systematic influence. Overall, the analysis shows that while enriching social connection would contribute to well-being, reducing class-based inequality is of greater importance.
Partial Strategyproofness : An Axiomatic Approach to Relaxing Strategyproofness for Random Assignment Mechanisms

In this paper, we present a new relaxed notion of strategyproofness to study the incentive properties of non-strategyproof random assignment mechanisms. To this end, we first prove a new decomposition of full strategyproofness into three axioms: swap monotonicity, upper invariance, and lower invariance. By dropping the lower invariance axiom we obtain partially strategyproof mechanisms, which remain truthful on a restricted domain where agents have sufficiently different valuations across objects. Next, we prove the maximality of this domain restriction, which yields a new single-parameter measure for the incentives of non-strategyproof mechanisms. Furthermore, we show that partial strategyproofness has an alternative definition via partial dominance, is intermediate between full strategyproofness and many relaxed incentive requirements, and unifies two prior local sufficiency results. Finally, we demonstrate that partial strategyproofness enables us to compare the incentive properties of important non-strategyproof mechanisms such as the Probabilistic Serial mechanism, two variants of the Boston mechanism, and new hybrid mechanisms.