Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychiatry training experiences: a narrative synthesis

Objective: In Australia and internationally, psychiatry has struggled to fill training places to keep up with demand for service. The objective of this study was to review the components of psychiatry terms and placements that determine a positive experience and potentially influence interest in vocational training in psychiatry. Method: A literature review and narrative synthesis was undertaken on 20 papers identified as meeting inclusion criteria. Results: The top themes contributing to positive experiences during the psychiatry term were: receiving high quality supervision; supported autonomy; and witnessing patient recovery. There was a paucity of Australian literature preventing investigation of the Australian context alone. Conclusions: There is a need to better understand how the junior doctor and medical student psychiatry experience influences perceptions of psychiatry and intention to specialise, especially in the Australian context.
Line search based iterative joint estimation of channels and frequency offsets for uplink OFDM systems

This paper proposes a novel iterative joint estimation of channels and frequency offsets for uplink OFDMA systems. The proposed method is based on the iterative line search algorithm with a trust region. The objective function minimizes the mean-square distance between the received vector and the reconstructed received vector based on the estimated parameters. In each iteration, the parameters are updated based on the minimum mean square error criterion. We also present a stop criterion for the iterative algorithm. The simulation results show the fast convergence rate of the proposed algorithm with asymptotic performance approaching the average CRBs (averaged over the random frequency offsets and fading channels). Our proposed method achieves a much lower computational complexity and better bit error rate performance than the existing SAGE method.
Alterations of white matter integrity in adults with major depressive disorder: a magnetic resonance imaging study.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to investigate alterations of white matter integrity in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS We performed diffusion tensor imaging with a 3T MRI scanner on 45 patients with major depression and 45 healthy controls matched for age, sex and education. Using a voxel-based analysis, we measured the fractional anisotropy (FA), and we investigated the differences between the patient and control groups. We examined the correlations between the microstructure abnormalities of white matter and symptom severity, age of illness onset and cumulative illness duration, respectively. RESULTS We found a significant decrease in FA in the left hemisphere, including the anterior limb of the internal capsule and the inferior parietal portion of the superior longitudinal fasciculus, in patients with MDD compared with healthy controls. Diffusion tensor imaging measures in the left anterior limb of the internal capsule were negatively related to the severity of depressive symptoms, even after we controlled for age and sex. CONCLUSION Our findings provide new evidence of microstructural changes of white matter in non-late-onset adult depression. Our results complement those observed in late-life depression and support the hypothesis that the disruption of cortical- subcortical circuit integrity may be involved in the etiology of major depressive disorder.
Pegylation of High-Density Lipoprotein Decreases Plasma Clearance and Enhances Antiatherogenic Activity

Rationale: Infusions of apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), mimetic peptides, or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) remain a promising approach for the treatment of atherosclerotic coronary disease. However, rapid clearance leads to a requirement for repeated administration of large amounts of material and limits effective plasma concentrations. Objective: Because pegylation of purified proteins is commonly used as a method to increase their half-life in the circulation, we determined whether pegylation of apoAI or HDL would increase its plasma half-life and in turn its antiatherogenic potential. Methods and Results: Initial pegylation attempts using lipid-poor apoAI showed a marked tendency to form multi-pegylated (PEG) species with reduced ability to promote cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells. However, pegylation of human holo-HDL or reconstituted phospholipid/apoAI particles (rHDL) led to selective N-terminal monopegylation of apoAI with full preservation of cholesterol efflux activity. The plasma clearance of PEG-rHDL was estimated after injection into hypercholesterolemic Apoe–/– mice; the half-life of pegylated PEG-apoAI after injection of PEG-rHDL was increased ≈7-fold compared with apoAI in nonpegylated rHDL. In comparison with nonpegylated rHDL, infusion of PEG-rHDL (40 mg/kg) into hypercholesterolemic Apoe–/– mice led to more pronounced suppression of bone marrow myeloid progenitor cell proliferation and monocytosis, as well as reduced atherosclerosis and a stable plaque phenotype. Conclusions: We describe a novel method for effective monopegylation of apoAI in HDL particles, in which lipid binding seems to protect against pegylation of key functional residues. Pegylation of apoAI in rHDL markedly increases its plasma half-life and enhances antiatherogenic properties in vivo.
Radiation hormesis: Autophagy and other cellular mechanisms

Abstract Purpose: To review the cellular mechanisms of hormetic effects induced by low dose and low dose rate ionising radiation in model systems, and to call attention to the possible role of autophagy in some hormetic effects. Results and conclusions: Very low radiation doses stimulate cell proliferation by changing the equilibrium between the phosphorylated and dephosphorylated forms of growth factor receptors. Radioadaptation is induced by various weak stress stimuli and depends on signalling events that ultimately decrease the molecular damage expression at the cellular level upon subsequent exposure to a moderate radiation dose. Ageing and cancer result from oxidative damage under oxidative stress conditions; nevertheless, ROS are also prominent inducers of autophagy, a cellular process that has been shown to be related both to ageing retardation and cancer prevention. A balance between the signalling functions and damaging effects of ROS seems to be the most important factor that decides the fate of the mammalian cell when under oxidative stress conditions, after exposure to ionising radiation. Not enough is yet known on the pre-requirements for maintaining such a balance. Given the present stage of investigation into radiation hormesis, the application of the conclusions from experiments on model systems to the radiation protection regulations would not be justified.
Flexible Dual-Connectivity Spectrum Aggregation for Decoupled Uplink and Downlink Access in 5G Heterogeneous Systems

Maintaining multiple wireless connections is a promising solution to boost capacity in fifth-generation (5G) networks, where user equipment is able to consume radio resources of several serving cells simultaneously and potentially aggregate bandwidth across all of them. The emerging dual connectivity paradigm can be regarded as an attractive access mechanism in dense heterogeneous 5G networks, where bandwidth sharing and cooperative techniques are evolving to meet the increased capacity requirements. Dual connectivity in the uplink remained highly controversial, since the user device has a limited power budget to share between two different access points, especially when located close to the cell edge. On the other hand, in an attempt to enhance the uplink communications performance, the concept of uplink and downlink decoupling has recently been introduced. Leveraging these latest developments, this paper significantly advances prior art by proposing and investigating the concept of flexible cell association in dual connectivity scenarios, where users are able to aggregate resources from more than one serving cell. In this setup, the preferred association policies for the uplink may differ from those for the downlink, thereby allowing for a truly decoupled access. With the use of stochastic geometry, the dual connectivity association regions for decoupled access are derived, and the resultant performance is evaluated in terms of capacity gains over the conventional downlink received power access policies.
Molecular analysis of the GNPTAB and GNPTG genes in 13 patients with mucolipidosis type II or type III – identification of eight novel mutations

Mucolipidosis II (ML II) and mucolipidosis III (ML III) are diseases in which the activity of the uridine diphosphate (UDP)‐N‐acetylglucosamine:lysosomal enzyme N‐acetylglucosamine‐1‐phosphotransferase (GlcNAc‐phosphotransferase) is absent or reduced, respectively. In the absence of mannose phosphorylation, trafficking of lysosomal hydrolases to the lysosome is impaired. In these diseases, mistargeted lysosomal hydrolases are secreted into the blood, resulting in lysosomal deficiency of many hydrolases and a storage‐disease phenotype. GlcNAc‐phosphotransferase is a multimeric transmembrane enzyme composed of three subunits (α, β and γ) encoded by two genes –GNPTAB and GNPTG. Defects in GNPTAB result in ML II and III whereas mutations in GNPTG were only found in ML III patients. We have performed a molecular analysis of the GNPTAB and GNPTG genes in 13 mucolipidosis II and III patients (10 Portuguese, one Finnish, one Spanish of Arab origin and one Indian). Mutations were identified by the study of both cDNA and gDNA. The GNPTAB and GNPTG mRNA expressions were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). The study led to the identification of 11 different mutations. Eight of these mutations are novel, six in the GNPTAB gene [c.121delG (V41FfsX42), c.440delC (A147AfsX5), c. 2249_50insA (N750KfsX8), c.242G>T (W81L), c.1208T>C (I403T) and c.1999G>T (p.E667X)] and two in the GNPTG gene [c.610‐1G>T and c.639delT (F213LfsX7)]. With regard to the mRNA expression studies, the values obtained by qRT‐PCR indicate the possible existence of feedback regulation mechanisms between α/β and the γ subunits.
Blood glucose levels within 7 days after birth in preterm infants according to gestational age

Purpose This study investigated blood glucose levels in preterm babies according to gestational age (GA). Methods Subjects were 141 preterm infants with a GA<34 weeks. Data on blood glucose levels, GA, body weight, glucose infusion rate, and other contributing factors in the first 7 days after birth were analyzed. Hypoglycemia was defined as a blood glucose level of <40 mg/dL up to 24 hours after birth and as <50 mg/dL thereafter. Hyperglycemia was defined as a blood glucose level >180 mg/dL. Results During the 7 days after birth, hypo- and hyperglycemia occurred in 29 (29 of 141, 20.6%) and 42 (42 of 141, 29.8%) neonates, respectively. During the first 2 hours, 18 neonates (12.8%) exhibited hypoglycemia, and only 2 (2 of 141, 1.4%) developed hyperglycemia. From 6 to 24 hours, hypo- and hyperglycemia were observed in 0 and 9 (9 of 141, 6.4%) neonates, respectively. Infants small for their GA (SGA) were at risk for hypoglycemia both within 24 hours (odds ratio [OR], 2.718; P=0.045) and during days 2 to 7 (OR, 4.454; P=0.006), and hyperglycemia during days 2 to 7 (OR, 3.200; P=0.005). Low 1-minite Apgar score was risk factor for both hypo- and hyperglycemia during days 2 to 7 (OR, 0.756; P=0.035 for hypoglycemia and OR, 0.789; P=0.016 for hyperglycemia). Both hypo- and hyperglycemia within 24 hours were less common in those who started feeding (OR, 0.294; P=0.013 for hypoglycemia and OR, 0.162; P=0.011 for hyperglycemia). Conclusion Careful blood glucose level monitoring is required in preterm infants, especially SGA infants or those with low Apgar score. Early feeding could be beneficial for maintaining euglycemia.
Fate of the acrosome in ooplasm in pigs after IVF and ICSI.

BACKGROUND ICSI bypasses the sperm-oolemma interactions that, in normal fertilization, depend on completion of the acrosome reaction. Morphological changes in the acrosomes of sperm in the ooplasm were therefore examined following IVF and ICSI using pig gametes. METHODS In-vitro-matured porcine oocytes were used for ICSI or IVF. Oocytes were then stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated peanut agglutinin lectin (FITC-PNA), which specifically labels the outer acrosomal membrane of boar sperm and the cortical granules (CG) in porcine oocytes. This was followed by observation under a confocal laser scanning microscope. RESULTS In ICSI, PNA showed the presence of disintegrated acrosomes that classified into four categories. Heterogeneous chromatin decondensation was observed in the sperm with intact/disintegrated acrosome, whereas acrosomes were barely detected in oocytes which had formed a male pronucleus. Both in ICSI and IVF, PNA-positive tails were concomitantly observed with one type of disintegrated acrosome, which was considered to be acrosome-reacted. The disappearance of CG in activated oocytes after ICSI was similar to that after IVF. CONCLUSIONS The PNA-binding properties of sperm head components introduced into the ooplasm during ICSI are different from those after IVF. The delay of sperm chromatin decondensation is associated with that of acrosomal disassembly. Acrosomes appear to disintegrate in the ooplasm whether or not the acrosome reaction has taken place. Oocytes undergoing ICSI appear normally activated in terms of meiotic resumption and CG exocytosis.
The Mass Assembly History of Spheroidal Galaxies: Did Newly Formed Systems Arise via Major Mergers?

We examine the properties of a morphologically selected sample of 0.4 < z < 1.0 spheroidal galaxies in the GOODS fields in order to ascertain whether or not their increase in abundance with time arises primarily from major mergers. To address this question, we determine the scaling relations between the dynamical mass Mdyn, determined from stellar velocity dispersions, and the stellar mass M*, determined from optical and infrared photometry. We exploit these relations across the larger sample for which we have stellar masses in order to construct the first statistically robust estimate of the evolving dynamical mass function (MF) over 0 < z < 1. The trends observed match those seen in the stellar mass functions of Bundy et al. regarding the top-down growth in the abundance of spheroidal galaxies. By referencing our dynamical masses to the halo virial mass, Mvir, we compare the growth rate in the abundance of spheroidals to that predicted by the assembly of dark matter halos. Our comparisons demonstrate that major mergers do not fully account for the appearance of new spheroidals since z ~ 1 and that additional mechanisms, such as morphological transformations, are required to drive the observed evolution.
Optimal treatment strategies for high-risk acute promyelocytic leukemia

Purpose of reviewDespite major advances in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), high-risk APL still poses unique challenges. The purpose of this review is to outline current evidence for evaluation and management of high-risk APL and discuss areas of ongoing and future investigation. Recent findingsWith the changing treatment paradigm in APL and increasing use of arsenic trioxide (ATO), reports have questioned the relevance of classic prognostic factors. Despite advancements in therapy, early death remains a primary reason for treatment failure. A randomized, phase III trial demonstrated that all-trans retinoic acid + ATO is at least noninferior and may be superior to all-trans retinoic acid + chemotherapy in low/intermediate-risk APL. One phase III and multiple phase II trials have suggested a benefit of adding ATO to therapy of high-risk patients. Attempts at minimizing chemotherapy in high-risk disease have proven feasible with the use of gemtuzumab ozogamicin, but it is unlikely that cytotoxic chemotherapy will be completely eliminated in this patient population. SummaryTreatment of high-risk APL has evolved significantly over the past 10 years and current scoring systems, management, and treatment regimens have been reviewed. There are as yet unresolved questions, including how to minimize early deaths and optimal therapy in an ATO era.
RIAL: Resource Intensity Aware Load balancing in clouds

To provide robust infrastructure as a service (IaaS), clouds currently perform load balancing by migrating virtual machines (VMs) from heavily loaded physical machines (PMs) to lightly loaded PMs. The unique features of clouds pose formidable challenges to achieving effective and efficient load balancing. First, VMs in clouds use different resources (e.g., CPU, bandwidth, memory) to serve a variety of services (e.g., high performance computing, web services, file services), resulting in different overutilized resources in different PMs. Also, the overutilized resources in a PM may vary over time due to the time-varying heterogenous service requests. Second, there is intensive network communication between VMs. However, previous load balancing methods statically assign equal or predefined weights to different resources, which leads to degraded performance in terms of speed and cost to achieve load balance. Also, they do not strive to minimize the VM communications between PMs. We propose a Resource Intensity Aware Load balancing method (RIAL). For each PM, RIAL dynamically assigns different weights to different resources according to their usage intensity in the PM, which significantly reduces the time and cost to achieve load balance and avoids future load imbalance. It also tries to keep frequently communicating VMs in the same PM to reduce bandwidth cost, and migrate VMs to PMs with minimum VM performance degradation. Our extensive trace-driven simulation results and real-world experimental results show the superior performance of RIAL compared to other load balancing methods.
APP-BP 1 mediates APP-induced apoptosis and DNA synthesis and is increased in Alzheimer ’ s disease brain

PP-BP1, first identified as an amyloid precursor protein (APP) binding protein, is the regulatory subunit of the activating enzyme for the small ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8. We have shown that APPBP1 drives the Sto M-phase transition in dividing cells, and causes apoptosis in neurons (Chen, Y., D.L. McPhie, J. Hirschberg, and R.L. Neve. 2000. J . Biol . Chem . 275: 8929–8935). We now demonstrate that APP-BP1 binds to the COOH-terminal 31 amino acids of APP (C31) and colocalizes with APP in a lipid-enriched fraction called lipid rafts. We show that coexpression of a peptide representing the domain of APP-BP1 that binds to APP, abolishes the ability of overexpressed APP or the V642I mutant of APP to A cause neuronal apoptosis and DNA synthesis. A dominant negative mutant of the NEDD8 conjugating enzyme hUbc12, which participates in the ubiquitin-like pathway initiated by APP-BP1, blocks neuronal apoptosis caused by APP, APP(V642I), C31, or overexpression of APP-BP1. Neurons overexpressing APP or APP(V642I) show increased APP-BP1 protein levels in lipid rafts. A similar increase in APP-BP1 in lipid rafts is observed in the Alzheimer’s disease brain hippocampus, but not in less-affected areas of Alzheimer’s disease brain. This translocation of APP-BP1 to lipid rafts is accompanied by a change in the subcellular localization of the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8, which is activated by APP-BP1.
Processing Metal Sheets by SPIF and Analysis of Parts Quality

The effects of four working parameters, namely tool diameter, tool vertical step, feed rate, and spindle speed on the dimensional accuracy, surface roughness, and microstructure of parts processed by SPIF were experimentally investigated. The parts were made from carbon steel (DC01), stainless steel (304), and aluminium (A1050). Two geometries were tested—a conic and a prismatic shape. The results were statistically processed by using the ANOVA technique. It was highlighted that the working parameters have contradictory influence on the analyzed quality characteristics of parts and only a proper combination of them could lead to the expected results.
Relationship between Thickness of Lamellar α+β Phase and Mechanical Properties of Titanium Alloy

Titanium alloy castings are made by means of induction melting technology. The relationships thickness of lamellar α+β phase and tensile strength, yield strength, elongation percentage, and Vickers-hardness, as well as the effect of tensile property on the Vickers-hardness are investigated for Ti-6Al-4V alloy castings. The results show that the relationships between thickness of lamellar α+β phase, and tensile strength, yield strength, specific elongation, and Vickers-hardness meet the Hall-Petch equation. And the tensile property increases linearly with Vickers-hardness.
Test-retest reliability of linear and nonlinear measures of postural stability during visual deprivation in healthy subjects

[Purpose] The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reliability of linear and nonlinear measures of the center of pressure (COP) during visual deprivation. [Subjects and Methods] Fifteen young adults participated in this study. COP signals were recorded in two conditions: eyes open and eyes closed. Three trials were performed in each condition with a rest period of approximately 1 min. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and standard error of measurement (SEM) were calculated. [Results] The investigation of ICC and SEM between trials showed that the Lyapunov exponent (ICC: 0.76–0.96, SEM: 0.03) and total mean velocity (ICC: 0.71–0.95, SEM: 0.05) were more reliable and repeatable than range and area (95% confidence ellipse), while area had the least reliability (ICC: 0.49–0.77, SEM: 0.56). [Conclusion] The Lyapunov exponent can be considered an appropriate postural control index, and the evaluation of postural stability should be done by considering linear and nonlinear tools.
A model for the spread and control of pandemic influenza in an isolated geographical region

In the event of an influenza pandemic, the most probable way in which the virus would be introduced to an isolated geographical area is by an infected traveller. We use a mathematical model, structured on the location at which infection occurs and based on published parameters for influenza, to describe an epidemic in a community of one million people. The model is then modified to reflect a variety of control strategies based on social distancing measures, targeted antiviral treatment and antiviral prophylaxis and home quarantine, and the effectiveness of the strategies is compared. The results suggest that the only single strategy that would be successful in preventing an epidemic (with 0=2.0) is targeted antiviral treatment and prophylaxis, and that closing schools combined with either closing work places or home quarantine would only prevent such an epidemic if these strategies were combined with a modest level of antiviral coverage.