Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Core Language Predictors of Behavioral Functioning in Early Elementary School Children: Concurrent and Longitudinal Findings

The authors examined (a) the extent to which kindergarten estimates of core language functions predicted teacher ratings of behavior problems in each of the child's first 4 years of elementary school and (b) the ability of core language measures to predict concurrent behavior problems at each of the early elementary school grades studied. Participants were 74 African American children who were recruited as infants into a longitudinal study of children's health and development. Sixty percent of the families were classified as low-income when the children entered kindergarten. Conduct problems and hyperactivity were assessed with the Conners’ Teacher Rating Scale, core language functions with the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-3 (CELF-3) and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R), and verbal working memory with the Competing Language Processing Task (CLPT). Results indicated that expressive and receptive language at kindergarten predicted teacher ratings of conduct problems, with increasing accuracy as children moved from kindergarten to third grade, particularly for receptive language. None of the early language measures predicted hyperactivity at any of the grades. Concurrent relationships, expressive language, conduct problems, and hyperactivity were stronger in second grade than in kindergarten, while lower scores in working memory predicted higher teacher-reported hyperactivity. These findings underscore the importance of core language functions in the prediction of behavior problems.
Statement-Oriented Mutant Reduction Strategy for Mutation Based Fault Localization

Mutation Based Fault Localization(MBFL) is a fault localization technique based on mutation analysis, which precisely identifies the location of fault but incurs a high execution cost, since it needs to execute the test suite on a large amount of mutants. Reduction strategies proposed are usually regarding selecting mutation operators or sampling mutants directly, meanwhile at the cost of losing precision of fault localization. This paper proposes a Statement-Oriented Mutant Reduction strategy (SOME), which selects a proportion of mutants at the statement level, specifically, the statements covered by failed tests. SOME keeps the advantage of using whole types of mutation operators, and further considers the increase of mutants' diversity to avoid the precision loss of fault localization. Empirical studies are conducted on 112 faulty versions from 7 benchmark programs, and the results indicate that SOME can reduce 73.51%–79.98% mutation execution cost while keeping almost the same fault location precision as the original MBFL without reduction.
An evaluation of adherence to ethical codes among nurses and nursing students

Ethical codes are instructions that shape ethical behavior and determine which values and beliefs should be accepted. These codes act as a practical guideline in the nursing profession. The present study aimed to compare adherence to ethical codes between the nursing students and working nurses of Valiasr Hospital, affiliated with Fasa University of Medical Sciences in Fars Province, Iran. In this descriptive-analytical study, the data collection tool was nurses’ self-reporting questionnaire on adherence to ethical codes devised by Mahdavi Lenji and Ghaedi Heidari, who have also confirmed its validity and reliability. This questionnaire consisted of 3 sections: personal information, ethical codes related to clinical service provision (23 items), and relationship with the treatment team (8 items). A total of 400 individuals (178 nursing students and 222 nurses) were selected through census sampling method. Data were analyzed through descriptive, ANOVA and t-test statistical methods using SPSS 22 software. There was no significant difference between nurses and nursing students in terms of adherence to ethical codes related to clinical service provision, but the latter achieved a significantly higher score in codes on relationship with the treatment team (P = 0.04). Although the score of nursing students was higher than nurses in comparison to the treatment team, they lacked the necessary technical competency to adhere to ethical codes. Therefore, we recommend that nursing instructors and educational managers pay more attention to teaching nursing ethics and supervise their implementation and practicality in clinical environments.
Reversibility of Baroreceptor Hyposensitivity During Reversal of Hypertension

The extent and characteristics of reversal of baroreceptor resetting after pressure normalization were studied in rats with renal hypertension of 2 months' duration. During the control period, the displacement of the entire baroreceptor function curve was accompanied by a decrease slope, indicating that the gain sensitivity was depressed by 36% in the renal hypertensive rats. In response to changes of +10 and −10 mm Hg in the control pressure, the gain sensitivity was attenuated by 56% and 42%, respectively. Two minutes after unclipping and bleeding when necessary, mean arterial pressure decreased from 171±11 to 134±11 mm Hg and remained at approximately the same level for the 2-hour period of observation. The extent of reversal of the mean pressure threshold for activation of the baroreceptors was approximately constant (˜60%) in the time range of 2–120 minutes. The extent of reversal was slightly higher when the changes in systolic pressure threshold divided by the total change in control diastolic pressure were calculated (maximal of 83%). During the first 20 minutes, the displacements of the curves were parallel with no change in the depressed gain sensitivity. Complete normalization of gain sensitivity was observed after 90–120 minutes. The data indicate that, within the first 2 hours of pressure normalization of chronic renal hypertensive rats, 1) reversal of the resetting of pressure threshold is pronounced (60–80%) but still incomplete and 2) gain sensitivity returns completely to normal.
Relative Bogomolov’s inequality and the cone of positive divisors on the moduli space of stable curves

An interesting point of the above theorem is that even if the weak positivity of disx/y (E) at y is a global property on Y, it can be derived from the local assumption "the goodness of Xg and the semistability of Eg". This gives a great advantage to our applications. In order to understand the intuition underlying the theorem, let us consider a simulated case. Namely, we suppose that f: X -* Y is a smooth surface fibred over a curve and the fiber is general. Bogomolov's instability theorem [1] says that if E is semistable, then the codimension two cycle 2rc2 (E) (r 1)cl (E)2 has nonnegative degree. So if we push it down to a codimension one cycle on Y, then one can rephrase Bogomolov's theorem as saying that the semistability of Ey implies the non-negativity of disx/y(E).
The DnaJ domain of polyomavirus large T antigen is required to regulate Rb family tumor suppressor function

Tumor suppressors of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene family regulate cell growth and differentiation. Polyomavirus large T antigens (large T) bind Rb family members and block their function. Mutations of large T sequences conserved with the DnaJ family affect large T binding to a cellular DnaK, heat shock protein 70. The same mutations abolish large T activation of E2F-containing promoters and Rb binding-dependent large T activation of cell cycle progression. Cotransfection of a cellular DnaJ domain blocks wild-type large T action, showing that the connection between the chaperone system and tumor suppressors is direct. Although they are inactive in assays dependent on Rb family binding, mutants in the J region retain the ability to associate with pRb, p107, and p130. This suggests that binding of Rb family members by large T is not sufficient for their inactivation and that a functional J domain is required as well. This work connects the DnaJ and DnaK molecular chaperones to regulation of tumor suppressors by polyomavirus large T.
Precision of Biomarkers to Define Chronic Inflammation in CKD

Background/Aims: Several inflammatory biomarkers have been found to be associated with cardiovascular disease or all-cause mortality in dialysis patients, but their usefulness in clinical practice or as surrogate endpoints is not certain. The purpose of the present study was to determine the intrapatient variation of C-reactive protein, IL-6, fetuin-A and albumin in a population of dialysis patients. Methods: Apparently healthy dialysis patients with either a tunneled dialysis catheter or fistula had monthly assessments of these biomarkers for a total of four determinations, and the intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated as measures of intersubject variance. Results: Our results showed large within-subject variation relative to the total variation in the measurements (31–46%). Having a tunneled catheter as opposed to a fistula was not significantly associated with mean levels, suggesting that chronic subclinical catheter infection does not explain the variation seen in the biomarkers. In contrast, there was a rapid change in these biomarkers with a clinically apparent acute infection. Conclusion: These results suggest that these biomarkers have limitations for use as surrogate endpoints in clinical trials due to wide fluctuations, even in apparently clinically healthy individuals.
Basic Dimensions Defining Mania Risk: A Structural Approach

Mania is the core criterion for bipolar disorder, a chronic and severe psychiatric illness centrally associated with positive affective disturbance. Many self-report measures have been created to assess symptoms of, and risk for, mania but there are notable disparities in their length, scope, and content. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine the structure and correlates of a number of widely used “bipolar-relevant” (BR) measures (e.g., Hypomanic Personality Scale, Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale, General Behavior Inventory, Mood Disorder Questionnaire). Data from a community sample (Study 1, N = 329) and a student sample assessed at two time points (Study 2; Ns = 382 and 308, respectively) provided strong evidence that the BR measures were characterized by both (a) a well-defined common dimension when a single factor was extracted, and (b) a clear structure of Emotional Lability and Activated Positive Affect upon extracting two factors. The general factor showed a relatively nonspecific pattern of associations with personality and psychopathology. In contrast, the Emotional Lability factor showed its strongest relations with neuroticism and depressive symptoms, displaying comparatively weaker relations with measures of extraversion and positive emotionality. Conversely, although Activated Positive Affect also associated positively with depressive symptoms and with neuroticism in some instances, its strongest relations were with measures of extraversion and high arousal positive emotionality. These findings suggest that measures defining Emotional Lability seem to assess mood volatility to a greater extent, whereas measures defining the Activated Positive Affect factor capture an intense, high arousal form of positive emotionality.
Predicting energy requirement with pedometer-determined physical-activity level in women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background In clinical practice, in the absence of objective measures, simple methods to predict energy requirement in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) needs to be evaluated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate predicted energy requirement in females with COPD using pedometer-determined physical activity level (PAL) multiplied by resting metabolic rate (RMR) equations. Methods Energy requirement was predicted in 18 women with COPD using pedometer-determined PAL multiplied by six different RMR equations (Harris–Benedict; Schofield; World Health Organization; Moore; Nordic Nutrition Recommendations; Nordenson). Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured by the criterion method: doubly labeled water. The predicted energy requirement was compared with measured TEE using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman analyses. Results The energy requirement predicted by pedometer-determined PAL multiplied by six different RMR equations was within a reasonable accuracy (±10%) of the measured TEE for all equations except one (Nordenson equation). The ICC values between the criterion method (TEE) and predicted energy requirement were: Harris–Benedict, ICC =0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23–0.89; Schofield, ICC =0.71, 95% CI 0.21–0.89; World Health Organization, ICC =0.74, 95% CI 0.33–0.90; Moore, ICC =0.69, 95% CI 0.21–0.88; Nordic Nutrition Recommendations, ICC =0.70, 95% CI 0.17–0.89; and Nordenson, ICC =0.40, 95% CI −0.19 to 0.77. Bland–Altman plots revealed no systematic bias for predicted energy requirement except for Nordenson estimates. Conclusion For clinical purposes, in absence of objective methods such as doubly labeled water method and motion sensors, energy requirement can be predicted using pedometer-determined PAL and common RMR equations. However, for assessment of nutritional status and for the purpose of giving nutritional treatment, a clinical judgment is important regarding when to accept a predicted energy requirement both at individual and group levels.
The Neuropsychological Profile of Infantile Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

It has been shown that children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) exhibit specific cognitive deficits. However, the neuropsychological profile has not yet been fully characterized. In order to control for the contribution of motor impairments as a confounding variable that is usually present when assessing children with muscular pathologies, we compared children with DMD to a group of children with an autoimmune pathology that does not entail either brain or cognitive dysfunction but does imply motor impairment: juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). An extensive neuropsychological evaluation was administered, including intelligence, perception, language, memory and learning, attention, executive function, praxis and reasoning. As the main result, in children with DMD we found significantly lower performances in verbal IQ, verbal short-term memory and phonological abilities, as well as in praxis and executive functioning domains. A wide range of cognitive domains, including verbal abilities, executive functioning, and praxis, must be taken into account when assessing neuropsychological functioning in children with DMD. In particular, subtle executive function impairment could be considered as a subclinical marker of cognitive impairment in developmental disorders.
Perceived academic competence, parental differential treatment, and sibling relationship quality in Indian and Dutch children

In this study, we examined the influence of perceived academic competence on parental differential treatment (PDT) and the influence of PDT on sibling relationship quality. Cross-cultural comparisons between Indian and Dutch children on these concepts and their influences were also made. Participants were 165 Indian and 360 Dutch children in the age of 10 to 12 years. To collect data on the three concepts, questionnaires were administered. Analyses revealed cross-cultural differences in the average scores on PDT and sibling relationship quality, with significantly higher scores for Indian children. We found no significant influence of perceived academic competence on parental differential treatment Regarding the influence of PDT on sibling relationship quality, results revealed a significant influence of parental differential affection on warmth/closeness in the sibling relationship for the Dutch children, but not for the Indian children. The need for further research, especially cross-cultural research, is emphasized. Samenvatting – In deze studie is gekeken naar de invloed van ervaren academische competentie op verschil in behandeling door ouders (parental differential treatment, PDT) en naar de invloed van PDT op de kwaliteit van de siblingrelatie. Crossculturele vergelijkingen tussen Indiase en Nederlandse kinderen op deze concepten en hun invloeden zijn ook gemaakt. De participanten waren 165 Indiase en 360 Nederlandse kinderen, tussen de 10 en 12 jaar oud. Bij hen zijn vragenlijsten afgenomen om informatie over de concepten te verzamelen. Uit de analyses bleek dat er crossculturele verschillen waren in de gemiddelde scores op PDT en op de kwaliteit van de siblingrelatie, waarbij significant hogere scores werden gerapporteerd door Indiase kinderen. Verder bleek ervaren academische competentie niet van invloed te zijn op PDT. Wat betreft de invloed van PDT op de kwaliteit van de siblingrelatie, wezen de resultaten uit dat een verschillende affectie door de ouders van invloed was op de warmte/intimiteit in de siblingrelatie. Deze invloed gold voor de Nederlandse kinderen, maar niet voor de Indiase kinderen. De noodzaak van verder, met name crosscultureel, onderzoek wordt benadrukt. Key-words: perceived academic competence, parental differential treatment, sibling relationship quality, cross-cultural differences.
A multivariate approach applied to microarray data for identification of genes with cell cycle-coupled transcription

We have analyzed microarray data using a modeling approach based on the multivariate statistical method partial least squares (PLS) regression to identify genes with periodic fluctuations in expression levels coupled to the cell cycle in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLS has major advantages for analyzing microarray data since it can model data sets with large numbers of variables and with few observations. A response model was derived describing the expression profile over time expected for periodically transcribed genes, and was used to identify budding yeast transcripts with similar profiles. PLS was then used to interpret the importance of the variables (genes) for the model, yielding a ranking list of how well the genes fitted the generated model. Application of an appropriate cutoff value, calculated from randomized data, allows the identification of genes whose expression appears to be synchronized with cell cycling. Our approach also provides information about the stage in the cell cycle where their transcription peaks. Three synchronized yeast cell microarray data sets were analyzed, both separately and combined. Cell cycle-coupled periodicity was suggested for 455 of the 6,178 transcripts monitored in the combined data set, at a significance level of 0.5%. Among the candidates, 85% of the known periodic transcripts were included. Analysis of the three data sets separately yielded similar ranking lists, showing that the method is robust.
Staphylococcus aureus Survives with a Minimal Peptidoglycan Synthesis Machine but Sacrifices Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance

Many important cellular processes are performed by molecular machines, composed of multiple proteins that physically interact to execute biological functions. An example is the bacterial peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis machine, responsible for the synthesis of the main component of the cell wall and the target of many contemporary antibiotics. One approach for the identification of essential components of a cellular machine involves the determination of its minimal protein composition. Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive pathogen, renowned for its resistance to many commonly used antibiotics and prevalence in hospitals. Its genome encodes a low number of proteins with PG synthesis activity (9 proteins), when compared to other model organisms, and is therefore a good model for the study of a minimal PG synthesis machine. We deleted seven of the nine genes encoding PG synthesis enzymes from the S. aureus genome without affecting normal growth or cell morphology, generating a strain capable of PG biosynthesis catalyzed only by two penicillin-binding proteins, PBP1 and the bi-functional PBP2. However, multiple PBPs are important in clinically relevant environments, as bacteria with a minimal PG synthesis machinery became highly susceptible to cell wall-targeting antibiotics, host lytic enzymes and displayed impaired virulence in a Drosophila infection model which is dependent on the presence of specific peptidoglycan receptor proteins, namely PGRP-SA. The fact that S. aureus can grow and divide with only two active PG synthesizing enzymes shows that most of these enzymes are redundant in vitro and identifies the minimal PG synthesis machinery of S. aureus. However a complex molecular machine is important in environments other than in vitro growth as the expendable PG synthesis enzymes play an important role in the pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance of S. aureus.
On the use of Remes multiple exchange algorithm for linear-phase FIR filters with general specifications

The celebrated Remes multiple exchange algorithm for linear-phase digital FIR filter design is most commonly described for ordinary filter types (low-pass, high-pass, etc.) where it is sufficient to consider only the magnitude of the error function. Convergence for general specifications will be guaranteed only when the sign of the error function is incorporated. However, a discussion of this feature of the Remes algorithm is lacking in the literature on digital signal processing. The aim of this presentation is to fill in this gap by recasting the Remes exchange algorithm for the design of linear-phase finite-impulse response (FIR) filters with a general amplitude response specification.
Serum chemistry and electrolyte alterations in sled dogs before and after a 1600 km race: dietary sodium and hyponatraemia*

Sled dogs are known to develop numerous serum biochemical changes due to endurance exercise. Previous studies have suggested that mild hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia can develop during endurance racing. The aim of the present study was to determine if serum biochemical alterations are similar to previous reports, and if electrolyte alterations are still present with present feeding practices utilised by mushers. Serum chemistries were obtained from 26 Alaskan Huskies belonging to 3 different teams, before and after a 1600 km race. Meals and snacks were analysed via calculation to determine daily macronutrient and electrolyte intake. Numerous biochemical alterations were observed including significant differences in serum total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, TAG, NEFA and urea nitrogen (P < 0·05). Serum electrolyte status revealed a mild, yet significant decrease in serum sodium (P = 0·002); and serum potassium was not significantly different (P = 0·566). Further examination of the sodium intake across the three teams revealed two teams with an average daily intake of approximately 8·5 g/dog/d (700 mg/4184 kJ) and the other team consuming 11·1 g/dog/d (1200 mg/4184 kJ). Regression analysis shows a significant modest positive correlation between serum sodium decrease and sodium intake per metabolic body weight of the dogs, as well as a modest positive correlation between sodium intake and serum potassium implicating the renin–angiotensin aldosterone system as a major factor involved in sodium and potassium homoeostasis. These findings suggest that consumption of approximately 0·9 g/kg0·75 (1·2 g/4184 kJ) of sodium per d may prevent exercise-induced decreases in sodium and potassium.