Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Work–Family Conflict in the Organization: Do Life Role Values make a Difference?

The values an individual places on various life roles may have implications for experienced work–family conflict. Using an integrative model of work–family conflict, comparisons between 314 state government employees who highly valued work and those who highly valued family (measured by centrality, priorities, and importance) revealed a variety of differences with respect to the antecedents and consequences of experienced work–family conflict. These differences suggest that the addition of life role values to the study of work–family conflict offers a unique and potentially important contribution.
Asymptotic ruin probabilities and optimal investment

We study the infinite time ruin probability for an insurance company in the classical Cramer-Lundberg model with finite exponential moments. The additional non-classical feature is that the company is also allowed to invest in some stock market, modeled by geometric Brownian motion. We obtain an exact analogue of the classical estimate for the ruin probability without investment, i.e., an exponential inequality. The exponent is larger than the one obtained without investment, the classical Lundberg adjustment coefficient, and thus one gets a sharper bound on the ruin probability. A surprising result is that the trading strategy yielding the optimal asymptotic decay of the ruin probability simply consists in holding a fixed quantity (which can be explicitly calculated) in the risky asset, independent of the current reserve. This result is in apparent contradiction to the common believe that 'rich' companies should invest more in risky assets than 'poor' ones. The reason for this seemingly paradoxical result is that the minimization of the ruin probability is an extremely conservative optimization criterion, especially for 'rich' companies. (author's abstract)
Dynamic physiological partitioning on a shared-nothing database cluster

Traditional database management systems (DBMSs) running on powerful single-node servers are usually over-provisioned for most of their daily workloads and, because they do not show good-enough energy proportionality, waste a lot of energy while underutilized. A cluster of small (wimpy) servers, where its size can be dynamically adjusted to the current workload, offers better energy characteristics for those workloads. Yet, data migration, necessary to balance utilization among the nodes, is a non-trivial and time-consuming task that may consume the energy saved. For this reason, a sophisticated and easy to adjust partitioning scheme fostering dynamic reorganization is needed. In this paper, we adapt a technique originally created for SMP systems, called physiological partitioning, to distribute data among nodes that allows to easily repartition data without interrupting transactions. We dynamically partition DB tables based on the nodes' utilization and given energy constraints and compare our approach with physical partitioning and logical partitioning methods. To quantify possible energy saving and its conceivable drawback on query runtimes, we evaluate our implementation on an experimental cluster and compare the results w.r. t. performance and energy consumption. Depending on the workload, we can substantially save energy without sacrificing too much performance.
Analysis of Representations for Domain Adaptation

Discriminative learning methods for classification perform well when training and test data are drawn from the same distribution. In many situations, though, we have labeled training data for a source domain, and we wish to learn a classifier which performs well on a target domain with a different distribution. Under what conditions can we adapt a classifier trained on the source domain for use in the target domain? Intuitively, a good feature representation is a crucial factor in the success of domain adaptation. We formalize this intuition theoretically with a generalization bound for domain adaption. Our theory illustrates the tradeoffs inherent in designing a representation for domain adaptation and gives a new justification for a recently proposed model. It also points toward a promising new model for domain adaptation: one which explicitly minimizes the difference between the source and target domains, while at the same time maximizing the margin of the training set.
Consensus versus Disagreement in Disease-Related Stigma: A Comparison of Reactions to Aids and Cancer Patients

Theories about disease-related stigma may be classified in two categories: the behavioral model, which compares diseases or statuses of different types, assumes that stigmas arise from the actions of the stigmatized, and predicts consensus among observers; and the cultural conflict model, which compares the symbolic attitudes of observers, defines stigmas as social constructions, and expects disagreements in reactions. I employ a factorial survey to contrast these models. In a sample of university students (N = 600), respondents were presented with descriptions of individuals with AIDS, cancer, or “no disease. ” Gender role attitudes were also included as a measure of symbolic attitudes. Many of the results follow the culture conflict model in which interactions between gender role attitudes and type of disease affect the level of stigma. However, other results lend support to the behavioral model, because the respondents' gender role attitudes do not explain differences in responses based on disease type.
Feasibility and preliminary outcomes for Move-Into-Learning: An arts-based mindfulness classroom intervention

This feasibility study investigated teachers’ assessment of Move-Into-Learning (MIL), an eight-week school-based Mindfulness-based intervention (MBI), designed to reduce stress and improve behavior in at-risk elementary students. MIL was implemented with two classrooms of third-grade students (n = 41) in a low income, urban neighborhood using a pretest to posttest single group design. One of the two classrooms (n = 20) completed a two-month follow-up measure examining sustainability of results. The program included mindfulness meditation, yoga movement with breathing exercises, and Appreciative Inquiry (AI) exercises that invited students to express themselves in the written and visual arts. MIL was evaluated via semi-structured teacher interviews and the Connors’ Behavior Rating Scale. Pre/post intervention showed significant improvement in behaviors, such as hyperactivity (t[1,39 = 3.1; p = 0.002), and highly significant differences in the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder index (t[1,39] = 5.42; p < 0.001) and cognitive/inattentiveness (t[1,39] = 5.56; p < 0.001) subscales. Teacher interview data supported these findings suggesting MIL as a feasible and acceptable MBI that can be implemented in a third-grade classroom.
Kalman filtering using pairwise Gaussian models

An important problem in signal processing consists in recursively estimating an unobservable process x={x/sub n/}/sub n/spl isin/IN/ from an observed process y={y/sub n/}/sub n/spl isin/IN/. This is done classically in the framework of hidden Markov models (HMM). In the linear Gaussian case, the classical recursive solution is given by the well-known Kalman filter. We consider pairwise Gaussian models by assuming that the pair (x, y) is Markovian and Gaussian. We show that this model is strictly more general than the HMM, and yet still enables Kalman-like filtering.
Theory, Evidence, and Beliefâ€”The Colonial Money Puzzle Revisited: Reply to Michener and Wright

Econ Journal Watch contacted me for the first time about this exchange just one month before this appears. I had about two weeks to write this reply such that it would appear along with the Michener and Wright comment published here, rather than in the subsequent issue. Because I believe for readersâ€™ sake that authors should reply and should follow hard on the heels of their attackers, I have had to work in sudden haste. I apologize in advance for the replyâ€™s rough and unpolished hue.
Reliability and concurrent validity of the information unit scoring metric for the story retelling procedure

This study reports the reliability and concurrent validity of the information units (IU) metric as an efficient method for quantifying the amount of information comprehended and reproduced on the Story Retelling Procedure (SRP) (Doyle et al., 2000). Subjects were 31 normal adults and 15 adults with aphasia. Significant and moderately high correlation coefficients were obtained for subjects with aphasia between %IUs and most linguistic measures including the correct information unit (Nicholas & Brookshire 1993, 1995) while low and non-significant correlations were found for many measures of language productivity, efficiency, and disruption. The %IUs among the four SRP forms within group was non-significant (p > .05) and correlations were significant and high. Normal speakers produced significantly greater %IUs than aphasic speakers. Standard error of measurement was low across forms for both groups (3-4%) and the range of individual subjects' performance overlapped between 20 and 27%for the group with aphasia and between 36 and 55% for the normal group. These results support the conclusion that %IU is a reliable and valid measure and differentiates aphasic from normal individuals better than normal individuals from persons with aphasia.
Adaptive and maladaptive attraction to negative emotions in music

Individual differences were investigated in an attempt to explain why some people are attracted to negative emotion (grief, sadness) in music. A 10-item Like Sad Music Scale (LSMS) was developed (Cronbach’s α = .802) and compared against subscales measuring absorption, music empathy, rumination, reflectiveness and nostalgia-proneness. This was tested via an online survey, completed by 137 participants. It was hypothesized that absorption and reflectiveness would be correlated with the enjoyment of sad music and rumination would be correlated with an attraction to sad music although not necessarily an enjoyment of it. Consistent with previous findings, absorption was a good predictor of the LSMS and was particularly correlated with the enjoyment of strong emotions in connection with sad music. Rumination correlated with LSMS items ‘helps release sadness’ and ‘can relate to sadness’ while reflectiveness correlated with the item ‘I often find myself grieving as a result of listening to sad music’. These correlations suggest both adaptive and maladaptive uses of sad music for mood manipulation. The results were presented with respect to the dissociation theory of aesthetic enjoyment, where participants with the capacity to enter states of absorption are able to deactivate displeasure circuits and hence enjoy negative emotion in music.
Helicobacter pylori Eradication Reduces the Metachronous Recurrence of Gastric Neoplasms by Attenuating the Precancerous Process

Purpose The importance of Helicobacter pylori eradication after endoscopic resection (ER) of gastric neoplasms remains controversial. In this study, we clarified the importance of H. pylori eradication for metachronous lesions after ER. Materials and Methods This study included 3,882 patients with gastric neoplasms who underwent ER. We included patients infected with H. pylori who received eradication therapy. Among them, 34 patients with metachronous lesions after ER and 102 age- and sex-matched patients (nonmetachronous group) were enrolled. Background mucosal pathologies such as atrophy and intestinal metaplasia (IM) were evaluated endoscopically. The expression levels of CDX1, CDX2, Sonic hedgehog (SHH), and SOX2 were evaluated based on H. pylori eradication and the development of metachronous lesions. Results The eradication failure rate was higher in the metachronous group than in the nonmetachronous group (P=0.036). Open-type atrophy (P=0.003) and moderate-to-severe IM (P=0.001) occurred more frequently in the metachronous group. In patients with an initial diagnosis of dysplasia, the eradication failure rate was higher in the metachronous group than in the nonmetachronous group (P=0.002). In addition, open-type atrophy was more frequent in the metachronous group (P=0.047). In patients with an initial diagnosis of carcinoma, moderate-to-severe IM occurred more frequently in the metachronous group (P=0.003); however, the eradication failure rate was not significantly different between the two groups. SHH and SOX2 expression was increased, and CDX2 expression was decreased in the nonmetachronous group after eradication (P<0.05). Conclusions Open-type atrophy, moderate-to-severe IM, and H. pylori eradication failure were significantly associated with metachronous lesions. However, eradication failure was significantly associated with dysplasia, but not carcinoma, in the metachronous group. Thus, H. pylori eradication may play an important role in preventing metachronous lesions after ER for precancerous lesions before carcinomatous transformation.
Credentialing Structures, Pedagogies, Practices, and Curriculum Goals

Objective: To examine the discursive strategies deployed by community colleges to sustain legitimacy in an evolving and contradictory institutional environment. Method: Using corpus linguistics software, I compared 1,009 mission statements from 2012-2013 with a reference corpus of 427 mission statements from 2004. Results: Keywords analysis, collocation analysis, and concordance analysis suggest that mission statements have changed along four discourse trajectories: credentialing structures, pedagogies, practices, and curriculum goals. Contributions: These findings situate the community college as a point of entry into understanding the relations among institutional legitimacy and a changing cultural, political, and economic milieu.
Short-Term Fumigation of Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Colonies with Formic and Acetic Acids for the Control of Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae)

Abstract Controlling populations of varroa mites is crucial for the survival of the beekeeping industry. Many treatments exist, and all are designed to kill mites on adult bees. Because the majority of mites are found under capped brood, most treatments are designed to deliver active ingredients over an extended period to control mites on adult bees, as developing bees and mites emerge. In this study, a 17-h application of 50% formic acid effectively killed mites in capped worker brood and on adult bees without harming queens or uncapped brood. Neither acetic acid nor a combined treatment of formic and acetic acids applied to the West Virginia formic acid fumigator was as effective as formic acid alone in controlling varroa mites. In addition, none of the treatments tested in late summer had an effect on the late-season prevalence of deformed wing virus. The short-term formic acid treatment killed >60% of varroa mites in capped worker brood; thus, it is a promising tool for beekeepers, especially when such treatments are necessary during the nectar flow.
Psychosocial disorders in young people : time trends and their causes

Partial table of contents: OBJECTIVES AND METHODS. Causal Concepts and Their Testing (M. Rutter). Individual Development and Social Change (G. Caprara & M. Rutter). CHANGING CONDITIONS AND INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT. Changing Family Patterns in Western Europe: Opportunity and Risk Factors for Adolescent Development (L. Hess). Living Conditions in the Twentieth Century (D. Smith). Media and Problem Behaviours in Young People (E. Wartella). THE TARGET DISORDERS. Youth Crime and Conduct Disorders: Trends, Patterns and Causal Explanations (D. Smith). Secular Trends in Substance Use: Concepts and Data on the Impact of Social Change on Alcohol and Drug Abuse (R. Silbereisen, et al.). Depressive Disorders: Time Trends and Possible Explanatory Mechanisms (E. Fombonne). CONCLUSIONS. Time Trends in Psychosocial Disorders of Youth (D. Smith & M. Rutter). Towards Causal Explanations of Time Trends in Psychosocial Disorders of Youth (M. Rutter & D. Smith). Index.
Between Proportionality and Impunity: Confrontation, Truth, Prevention

The ideal of punishment proportionate to wrongdoing creates a criminal justice system that deters prevention. An alternative ideal is that crime should always be confronted with a presumption for mercy that is conditional upon participation in a truth-seeking process that identifies paths to prevention. Informally rewarding reconciliation and prevention is the basis of a more compelling rational choice account of crime control than proportionate formal punishment. A rational and emotionally intelligent criminal justice system might look something like the airline safety system.
Orthogonality of Achievement Goals and Its Relationship to Beliefs about Success and Satisfaction in Sport

The present study examined the relationship between dispositional achievement goal orientations and satisfaction and beliefs about success in sport. Participants were 333 students who were administered the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ) (Roberts & Balague, 1989,1991; Roberts, Treasure, & Balague, 1995), Beliefs about Success, and Satisfaction/Interest/Boredom Questionnaires (Duda & Nicholls, 1992). Consistent with theory (Nicholls, 1984, 1989) and previous research, task and ego goal orientations were found to be orthogonal. Following an extreme group split of the task and ego subscales of the POSQ, results of a 2 X 2 (High/Low Ego; High/Low Task) multivariate analyses of variance revealed a significant interaction effect between task and ego orientation. Specifically, participants high in ego and low in task orientation believed effort to be less a cause of success while high tasMow ego-oriented individuals were the least likely to attribute success to external factors. The findings are discu.
Effect of upright posture and physical exercise on endogenous neurohormonal systems in cirrhotic patients with sodium retention and normal supine plasma renin, aldosterone, and norepinephrine levels

It is well known that sodium retention occurs in a significant proportion of patients with cirrhosis despite normal supine plasma levels of renin, aldosterone (ALDO), and norepinephrine (NE). The current study was performed to assess whether this subset of patients also present normal activity of the renin‐aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems during upright posture in sitting position and moderate physical exercise. Nine healthy controls, 14 patients with compensated cirrhosis and 10 patients with cirrhosis, ascites, sodium retention, and normal supine plasma renin activity (PRA) and ALDO and NE concentration were sequentially studied after 60 minutes in supine rest, 30 minutes in sitting position, and 30 minutes of cycloergometric exercise (3‐METs). Sitting position and exercise were associated with similar stimulation of the renin‐aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems in the three groups of subjects. Consequently, cirrhotic patients with ascites showed values of PRA and plasma concentration of ALDO and NE similar to healthy subjects and patients with compensated cirrhosis during supine rest (renin: 1.4 ± 0.3, 0.8 ± 0.2, and 0.8 ± 0.3 ng/mL.hr; aldosterone: 24.3 ± 4.7,20.2 ± 3.9 and 21.4 ± 3.4 ng/dL; norepinephrine: 252 ± 23, 250 ± 16, and 255 ± 23 pg/mL), sitting position (renin: 2.1 ± 0.5,1.1 ± 0.3, and 1.6 ± 0.4; aldosterone: 32.2 ± 7.3, 23.7 ± 5.3, and 26.2 ± 4.5; norepinephrine: 356 ± 38, 401 ± 63, and 420 ± 35), and exercise (renin: 2.9 ± 0.8, 1.6 ± 0.4, and 2.2 ± 0.5; aldosterone: 43 ± 6.4, 34.9 ± 8.5, and 38.2 ± 5.3; norepinephrine: 481 ± 35, 499 ± 54, and 534 ± 48). Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration was significantly (P < .05) higher in cirrhotic patients with ascites than in healthy subjects during supine rest (5.69 ± 1.1 vs. 21.0 ± 3.3 fmol/L) and exercise (9.1 ± 2.2 vs. 28.3 ± 6.6). These results indicate that sodium retention in cirrhosis may occur in the setting of a normal activity of the endogenous neurohormonal antinatriuretic systems and high plasma levels of ANP. (Hepatology 1995; 22:479–487.)
Validierung einer deutschsprachigen 16-Item-Version des Inventars der Persönlichkeitsorganisation (IPO-16)

In diesem Artikel wird eine deutschsprachige Kurzskala des Inventars der Personlichkeitsorganisation (IPO-16) vorgestellt und in drei klinischen Stichproben mit insgesamt 1300 Personen validiert. Das IPO ist ein international verbreitetes Selbsteinschatzungsinstrument, das in mehreren Versionen vorliegt und zur Erfassung von struktureller Beeintrachtigung in den Bereichen Identitat, Abwehr und Realitatsprufung eingesetzt wird. Die Kurzskala basiert auf 16 versionsubergreifenden IPO-Items und misst den Schweregrad der strukturellen Beeintrachtigung. In den Studien konnte gezeigt werden, dass das IPO-16 (1) intern konsistent ist, (2) eine modellkonforme Faktorenstruktur hat, (3) eine sehr hohe Uberlappung zur IPO-Vollversion aufweist, (4) in der Selbsteinschatzung uber konvergente und diskriminante Validitat verfugt, (5) den Schweregrad der Personlichkeitsstorung aus Expertensicht unabhangig vom aktuellen Leidensdruck vorhersagt und (6) eine diagnostische Effizienz erreicht, die mit anderen Screening-Instru.
Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Genomic Evolution in Progressor and Nonprogressor Ponies

ABSTRACT A primary mechanism of lentivirus persistence is the ability of these viruses to evolve in response to biological and immunological selective pressures with a remarkable array of genetic and antigenic variations that constitute a perpetual natural experiment in genetic engineering. A widely accepted paradigm of lentivirus evolution is that the rate of genetic variation is correlated directly with the levels of virus replication: the greater the viral replication, the more opportunities that exist for genetic modifications and selection of viral variants. To test this hypothesis directly, we examined the patterns of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) envelope variation during a 2.5-year period in experimentally infected ponies that differed markedly in clinical progression and in steady-state levels of viral replication as indicated by plasma virus genomic RNA assays. The results of these comprehensive studies revealed for the first time similar extents of envelope gp90 variation in persistently infected ponies regardless of the number of disease cycles (one to six) and viremia during chronic disease. The extent of envelope variation was also independent of the apparent steady-state levels of virus replication during long-term asymptomatic infection, varying from undetectable to 105 genomic RNA copies per ml of plasma. In addition, the data confirmed the evolution of distinct virus populations (genomic quasispecies) associated with sequential febrile episodes during acute and chronic EIA and demonstrated for the first time ongoing envelope variation during long-term asymptomatic infections. Finally, comparison of the rates of evolution of the previously defined EIAV gp90 variable domains demonstrated distinct differences in the rates of nucleotide and amino acid sequence variation, presumably reflecting differences in the ability of different envelope domains to respond to immune or other biological selection pressures. Thus, these data suggest that EIAV variation can be associated predominantly with ongoing low levels of virus replication and selection in target tissues, even in the absence of substantial levels of plasma viremia, and that envelope variation continues during all stages of persistent infection as the virus successfully avoids clearance by host defense mechanisms.