Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PRENATAL SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM INFECTION IN PIGLETS: EFFECT OF REPEATED EXPOSURE OF THE DAMS ON TREATMENT EFFICACY AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CHALLENGE INFECTIONS

This study elucidated the fate of prenatal infections in piglets born by dams repeatedly infected before and during pregnancy with Schistosoma japonicum. Independent variables included repeated infections of the dams and treatment or challenge infection (or both) of the prenatally exposed piglets. Dependant variables were worm counts, fecal and tissue egg counts, weight gain, and gross pathological observations. Fifteen female piglets (the dams) were included, of which 6 received repeated infections with S. japonicum during 6 mo. All dams were inseminated and 10 wk pregnant; 12 of the dams were infected with S. japonicum, of which 6 had been repeatedly infected. Three dams remained uninfected. Eight weeks after delivery, the prenatally exposed piglets (the offspring) were grouped, and 6 of the 12 groups were treated with praziquantel. Four weeks after treatment, 5 groups of piglets were infected with S. japonicum. Groups of piglets were killed either 12 or 22 wk after delivery. Repeated infections of the dam did not prevent establishment of a congenital infection in the pig fetuses. Piglets born with a congenital infection were not resistant to a S. japonicum challenge infection given 12 wk after birth. Neither did praziquantel effectively cure the piglets nor did treatment of the prenatally infected piglets prevent establishment of a challenge infection given 4 wk after treatment. Results of the present study indicate that prenatal exposure, independently of the dam's infection status, may change the host response to challenge infections and treatment after birth.
Characterizing Real World Bugs Causing Sequential Consistency Violations

With the ubiquitous availability of parallel architectures, the burden falls on programmers' shoulders to write correct parallel programs that have high performance and portability across different systems. One of the major issues that complicates this task is the intricacies involved with the underlying memory consistency models. Sequential Consistency (SC) is the simplest and most intuitive memory model. Therefore, programmers usually assume SC for writing parallel programs. However, various concurrency bugs can lead to violations of SC. These subtle bugs make the program difficult to reason about and virtually always lead to incorrectness. This paper provides the first (to the best of our knowledge) comprehensive characteristics study of SC violation bugs that appear in real world codebases. We have carefully examined pattern, manifestation, effect, and fix strategy of 20 SC violation bugs. These bugs have been selected from randomly chosen 127 concurrency bugs from a variety of open source programs and libraries (e.g. Mozilla, Apache, MySQL, Gcc, Cilk, Java, and Splash2). Our study reveals interesting findings and provides useful guidance for future research in this area. References
Detection of mycobacteria by radiometric and standard plate procedures

A group of 89 smear-positive sputum specimens were evaluated by radiometric and standard plate procedures to determine the methodology which would provide the earliest detection of mycobacteria and maximum test sensitivity. Digested non-decontaminated specimens were concentrated and inoculated into modified selective BACTEC radiometric 7H12 broth and Mitchison selective 7H10 agar. Sodium hydroxide (1.5% final concentration) was then used to decontaminate these specimens. They were then concentrated and inoculated into both selective and nonselective 7H12 radiometric broths and into selective 7H10 and nonselective Middlebrook 7H11 agar media. The specimen processing and media combinations providing the earliest detection were non-decontaminated specimens with modified selective 7H12 BACTEC broth and decontaminated specimens with 7H12 BACTEC broths. Maximum sensitivity (percent positive) was obtained by using non-decontaminated specimens on Mitchison selective 7H10 Agar (98%) or decontaminated specimens in 7H12 BACTEC broth (95%). The decontamination process was found to reduce significantly the number of mycobacteria in clinical specimens, particularly the mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The specimen processing-media combinations providing the earliest detection and maximum recovery of mycobacteria (100%) were non-decontaminated specimens with modified selective 7H12 BACTEC broth or Mitchison selective agar and decontaminated specimens with 7H12 BACTEC broth or 7H11 agar.
Preservation and Modulation of Specific Left Hemisphere Regions is Vital for Treated Recovery from Anomia in Stroke

The location and extent of brain changes that support recovery in chronic stroke is probably related to the structural integrity of the remaining cortex. However, little is known about the specifics of this relationship and how it influences treatment outcome in chronic stroke. To examine this issue, the current study examined frank brain damage and changes in cortical activation as predictors of language-treatment outcome in patients with chronic aphasia caused by stroke. Twenty-six patients received multiple MRI sessions before and after 30 h of aphasia treatment targeting anomia, an impairment in the ability to name common objects. Improved naming was associated with increased brain activation in the anterior and posterior regions of the left hemisphere, whereas damage to the posterior portion of the left middle temporal lobe and the temporal-occipital junction had a particularly negative effect on treatment outcome. Specifically, patients whose brain damage included regions commonly associated with lexical retrieval and phonological processing (e.g., Brodmann's areas 37 and 39) were less likely to show treatment-related improvement in correct naming compared with cases where the same areas were intact. These findings suggest that brain changes associated with improved naming ability in chronic aphasia rely on preservation and recruitment of eloquent cortex in the left hemisphere. In general, it seems likely that a similar relationship between cortical preservation and recruitment may also pertain to recovery from other functional impairments in chronic stroke.
TRUST, CONFIDENCE, AND CREDIBILITY

This paper explores how citizen-users think and communicate about public opinion polling through an analysis of tweets published during and just after the 2010 UK General Election leaders' debate broadcast on Sky News on 22 April 2010, the second of three debates. For those who comment on events in real time through social media such as Twitter, a category we call the ‘viewertariat’, this event was notable for Sky News's immediate coverage of a YouGov poll that seemed discrepant. Indeed, within an hour of the end of the debate, various mainstream media published a number of polls apparently at odds with each other. Such discrepancies opened a space for lay theories to emerge about relationships between political parties, media, polling firms, and the wider public itself. Individuals were pushed to find explanations and quick to publish them in a public assembly of views. Analysis of these data illuminates not just what people think, but how they think about long-term concerns of scholars and practitioners of politics and political communication, such as credibility, trust and power, and how citizens manage expectations during events where the outcome is uncertain. Accounting for viewertariat behaviour develops recent research on mediatized politics in important ways. First, we find some viewertariat members performing a lay tutelage role, providing information and explanations about polling and elections to fellow citizens who express confusion. This indicates the continued importance of informed public discussion to some citizens. Second, we find a blurring of elite/non-elite interactions alongside persistent theories about elite conspiracies.
ATATÜRK İLKELERİ VE İNKILÂP TARİHİ ÖĞRETİMİNDE ÇOKLU ORTAM KULLANIMININ AKADEMİK BAŞARI VE TUTUMA ETKİSİ

Bu arastirmanin amaci, coklu ortam kullaniminin ogrencilerin Ataturk Ilkeleri ve Inkilâp Tarihi dersindeki akademik basarilarina ve Ataturk Ilkeleri ve Inkilâp Tarihi dersine yonelik tutumlarina etkisini belirlemektir. Arastirmanin deneysel uygulamasi 2007-2008 egitim-ogretim yilinda Gazi Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi Turkce Ogretmenligi 1. sinif A-B subelerinde ogrenim goren 71 ogrenci uzerinde gerceklestirilmistir. Deney grubunda 36, kontrol grubunda 35 ogrenci yer almistir. Arastirma on test-son test kontrol gruplu deneysel desen ile gerceklestirilmistir. Arastirmanin verileri Ataturk Ilkeleri ve Inkilâp Tarihi akademik basari testi ve Ataturk Ilkeleri ve Inkilâp Tarihi tutum olcegi ile toplanmistir. Akademik basari testi ve tutum olceginden elde edilen veriler SPSS 15. 0 programinda bagimsiz gruplar icin t testi ve tekrarli olcumler icin iki faktorlu ANOVA ile degerlendirilmistir. Arastirmanin sonuclarina gore, Ataturk Ilkeleri ve Inkilâp Tarihi dersinde coklu ortam kullanimi ogrencilerin akademik basarilarinda istatistiksel acidan anlamli bir farklilik olusturmustur [F(1-69) = 6. 040, p<. 05)]. Coklu ortam kullanimi, ogrencilerin Ataturk Ilkeleri ve Inkilâp Tarihine yonelik tutumlari uzerinde istatistiksel acidan anlamli bir farklilik olusturmustur [F(1-69) = 9. 423, p<. 01)]. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ataturk Ilkeleri ve Inkilâp Tarihi ogretimi, coklu ortam, akademik basari, tutum.
Novel linearization technique for low-distortion high-swing CMOS switches with improved reliability

This paper proposes a linearization technique for low-distortion high-swing CMOS switches based on a new method of improving the linearity of the NMOS and PMOS conductances. This method has the advantage over conventional clock-boosting techniques of avoiding large gate voltages thus reducing the stress on the gate capacitance. Simulated results of a practical sample-and-hold circuit show that, using this technique, linearity levels compatible with 12-b can be reached over the Nyquist band
Mechanosensitivity of ion channels based on protein–lipid interactions

Ion channels form a group of membrane proteins that pass ions through a pore beyond the energy barrier of the lipid bilayer. The structure of the transmembrane segment of membrane proteins is influenced by the charges and the hydrophobicity of the surrounding lipids and the pressure on its surface. A mechanosensitive channel is specifically designed to change its conformation in response to changes in the membrane pressure (tension). However, mechanosensitive channels are not the only group that is sensitive to the physical environment of the membrane: voltage-gated channels are also amenable to the lipid environment. In this article, we review the structure and gating mechanisms of the mechanosensitive channels and voltage-gated channels and discuss how their functions are affected by the physical properties of the lipid bilayer.
Akt 1 – Mediated Skeletal Muscle Growth Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction and Remodeling After Experimental Myocardial Infarction

Background—It is appreciated that aerobic endurance exercise can attenuate unfavorable myocardial remodeling following myocardial infarction. In contrast, little is known about the effects of increasing skeletal muscle mass, typically achieved through resistance training, on this process. Here, we utilized transgenic (TG) mice that can induce the growth of functional skeletal muscle by switching Akt1 signaling in muscle fibers to assess the impact of glycolytic muscle growth on post-myocardial infarction cardiac remodeling. Methods and Results—Male-noninduced TG mice and their nontransgenic littermates (control) were subjected to left anterior coronary artery ligation. Two days after surgery, mice were provided doxycycline in their drinking water to activate Akt1 transgene expression in a skeletal muscle-specific manner. Myogenic Akt1 activation led to diminished left ventricular dilation and reduced contractile dysfunction compared with control mice. Improved cardiac function in Akt1 TG mice was coupled to diminished myocyte hypertrophy, decreased interstitial fibrosis, and increased capillary density. ELISA and protein array analyses demonstrated that serum levels of proangiogenic growth factors were upregulated in Akt1 TG mice compared with control mice. Cardiac eNOS was activated in Akt1 TG mice after myocardial infarction. The protective effect of skeletal muscle Akt activation on cardiac remodeling and systolic function was abolished by treatment with the eNOS inhibitor L-NAME. Conclusions—Akt1–mediated skeletal muscle growth attenuates cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction and is associated with an increased capillary density in the heart. This improvement appears to be mediated by skeletal muscle to cardiac communication, leading to activation of eNOS-signaling in the heart. (Circ Heart Fail. 2012;5:116-125.)
High Expression of Cathepsin D in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas Negatively Impacts on Clinical Outcome

The lysosomal protease Cathepsin D (CD) has been implicated in the homeostasis of lymphatic tissues. We investigated whether the level of CD expression influences the progression and the clinical outcome in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas (NHLs). The expression of CD was assessed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence in biopsies of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphomas (DLBCL, 35 cases), Follicular Lymphomas (FL, 9 cases of grade I-II plus 14 cases of grade IIIB), Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemias (CLL, 17 cases) and Peripheral T-cell Lymphomas (PTCL, 5 cases). CD staining showed a cytoplasmic punctate pattern compatible with its lysosomal localization. Based on the level of CD expression and the proportion of positive cells, lymphomas were classified as ‘low expressing’ (< 20% of tumor cells) or ‘highly expressing’ (≥ 20% of tumor cells). Lymphomas highly expressing CD were associated with a worse stage (III-IV) at diagnosis (31/34 cases; p = 0.002) and with a poor clinical outcome (i.e., partial remission and death; 28/34 cases; p = 0.03). In the subgroup of aggressive/high grade of malignancy lymphomas (i.e., DLBCL, FL IIIB and PTCL), the Kaplan-Meier curve revealed a very low cumulative overall survival probability (~20% at 5 year) for patients bearing a NHL with > 40% CD-positive cells compared to that of patients bearing a NHL with < 20% CD-positive cells (~70% at 5 year). This correlation was statistically significant (log-rank test, p = 0.01). In Cox multivariate analysis CD failed to be a prognosticator independent of pathologic stage, though the hazard ratio confirmed the association of low expression with a better survival probability. These data indicate that the presence of a high percentage of CD-positive tumor cells negatively reflects on the progression of NHLs.
Kairos and practice wisdom in social work practice

Practice wisdom is a form of practical moral reasoning when social workers face the complexity and uncertainty encountered in practice. Following a literature review on practice wisdom in social work, its essential features are discussed, identifying a neglected element in the literature—the element of time. The element of time is found to be implicitly considered in models of social work practice but not in relation to practice wisdom. If the right action has to be taken in the right place, and at the right time, the concept of practice wisdom would be much impoverished if the element of time is not considered in its discussion. Hence, the concepts of kairos—qualitative time, and chronos—quantitative time, are discussed. The relevance and usefulness of kairos in social work practice are pointed out. Social workers need to work with ‘time within time’, be conscious of clients’ sense of time, know what to do as well as what not to do at the appropriate time. Finally, the inextricable link between time and space and the possible emergence of novelty and ingenuity are examined to bring out the creative dimension of practice wisdom.
Network topology reveals high connectance levels and few key microbial genera within soils

Microbes have a central role in soil global biogeochemical process, yet specific microbe-microbe relationships are largely unknown. Analytical approaches as network analysis may shed new lights in understanding of microbial ecology and environmental microbiology. We investigated the soil bacterial community interactions through cultivation-independent methods in several land uses common in two Brazilian biomes. Using correlation network analysis we identified bacterial genera that presented important microbial associations within the soil community. The associations revealed nonrandomly structured microbial communities and clusters of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that reflected relevant bacterial relationships. Possible keystone genera were found in each soil. Irrespective of the biome or land use studied only a small portion of OTUs showed positive or negative interaction with other members of the soil bacterial community. The more interactive genera were also more abundant however, within those genera, the abundance was not related to taxon importance as measured by the Betweenness Centrality. Most of the soil bacterial genera were important to the overall connectance of the network, whereas only few genera play a key role as connectors, mainly belonged to phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Finally it was observed that each land use presented a different set of keystone genera and that no keystone genus presented a generalized distribution. Taking into account that species interactions could be more important to soil processes than species richness and abundance, especially in complex ecosystems, this approach might represent a step forward in microbial ecology beyond the conventional studies of microbial richness and abundance.
Video Generation From Text

Generating videos from text has proven to be a significant challenge for existing generative models. We tackle this problem by training a conditional generative model to extract both static and dynamic information from text. This is manifested in a hybrid framework, employing a Variational Autoencoder (VAE) and a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). The static features, called "gist," are used to sketch text-conditioned background color and object layout structure. Dynamic features are considered by transforming input text into an image filter. To obtain a large amount of data for training the deep-learning model, we develop a method to automatically create a matched text-video corpus from publicly available online videos. Experimental results show that the proposed framework generates plausible and diverse short-duration smooth videos, while accurately reflecting the input text information. It significantly outperforms baseline models that directly adapt text-to-image generation procedures to produce videos. Performance is evaluated both visually and by adapting the inception score used to evaluate image generation in GANs.
Impact of self-esteem and identification with academics on the academic achievement of African American students

Ed Bell. IMPACT OF SELF-ESTEEM AND IDENTIFICATION WITH ACADEMICS ON THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDENTS. (Under the direction of Dr. Katie Johnson-Morgan) School of Education, November 2009. This study examined the impact of self-esteem and identification with academics on the academic achievement of African American students in a charter school setting. Ninety-three students participated in this study. Using a pretest/posttest control group design, both the experimental group and the control group were administered the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory and the School Perception Questionnaire (SPQ) as pretest measures of self-esteem and identification with academics at the beginning of the experiment. The control and experimental groups were administered the Rosenberg SelfEsteem Inventory and the School Perceptions Questionnaire (SPQ) at the end of the experiment. The control group received no intervention between the pretest and the posttest, while the experimental group was taught the Start Something curriculum. The grade point average (GPA) of each of the students in the control group and the experimental group were recorded at the beginning and of the experiment. AfricanAmerican students who participated in the experimental group and were taught the Start Something curriculum had higher grade point averages than students in the control group who were not taught the curriculum. No differences were noted in self-esteem and identification with academics for the control group and experimental groups, as shown by pretest and posttest measures.
Transcription of the Human Microsomal Epoxide Hydrolase Gene (EPHX1) Is Regulated by PARP-1 and Histone H1.2. Association with Sodium-Dependent Bile Acid Transport

Microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) is a bifunctional protein that plays a central role in the metabolism of numerous xenobiotics as well as mediating the sodium-dependent transport of bile acids into hepatocytes. These compounds are involved in cholesterol homeostasis, lipid digestion, excretion of xenobiotics and the regulation of several nuclear receptors and signaling transduction pathways. Previous studies have demonstrated the critical role of GATA-4, a C/EBPα-NF/Y complex and an HNF-4α/CAR/RXR/PSF complex in the transcriptional regulation of the mEH gene (EPHX1). Studies also identified heterozygous mutations in human EPHX1 that resulted in a 95% decrease in mEH expression levels which was associated with a decrease in bile acid transport and severe hypercholanemia. In the present investigation we demonstrate that EPHX1 transcription is significantly inhibited by two heterozygous mutations observed in the Old Order Amish population that present numerous hypercholanemic subjects in the absence of liver damage suggesting a defect in bile acid transport into the hepatocyte. The identity of the regulatory proteins binding to these sites, established using biotinylated oligonucleotides in conjunction with mass spectrometry was shown to be poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1) bound to the EPHX1 proximal promoter and a linker histone complex, H1.2/Aly, bound to a regulatory intron 1 site. These sites exhibited 71% homology and may represent potential nucleosome positioning domains. The high frequency of the H1.2 site polymorphism in the Amish population results in a potential genetic predisposition to hypercholanemia and in conjunction with our previous studies, further supports the critical role of mEH in mediating bile acid transport into hepatocytes.
On the Anisotropic Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser-Melted Stainless Steel

The thorough description of the peculiarities of additively manufactured (AM) structures represents a current challenge for aspiring freeform fabrication methods, such as selective laser melting (SLM). These methods have an immense advantage in the fast fabrication (no special tooling or moulds required) of components, geometrical flexibility in their design, and efficiency when only small quantities are required. However, designs demand precise knowledge of the material properties, which in the case of additively manufactured structures are anisotropic and, under certain circumstances, inhomogeneous in nature. Furthermore, these characteristics are highly dependent on the fabrication settings. In this study, the anisotropic tensile properties of selective laser-melted stainless steel (1.4404, 316L) are investigated: the Young’s modulus ranged from 148 to 227 GPa, the ultimate tensile strength from 512 to 699 MPa, and the breaking elongation ranged, respectively, from 12% to 43%. The results were compared to related studies in order to classify the influence of the fabrication settings. Furthermore, the influence of the chosen raw material was addressed by comparing deviations on the directional dependencies reasoned from differing microstructural developments during manufacture. Stainless steel was found to possess its maximum strength at a 45° layer versus loading offset, which is precisely where AlSi10Mg was previously reported to be at its weakest.