Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Herschel*-ATLAS study of dusty spheroids: Probing the minor-merger process in the local Universe

We use multiwavelength (0.12-500µm) photometry from Herschel-ATLAS, WISE, UKIDSS, SDSS and GALEX to study 23 nearby spheroidal galaxies with prominent dust lanes (DLSGs). DLSGs are considered to be remnants of recent minor mergers, making them ideal laboratories for studying both the interstellar medium (ISM) of spheroids and minor-merger-driven star formation in the nearby Universe. The DLSGs exhibit star formation rates (SFRs) between 0.01 and 10 Myr −1 , with a median of 0.26 Myr −1 (a factor of 3.5 greater than the average SG). The median dust mass, dust-to-stellar mass ratio and dust temperature in these galaxies are around 10 7.6 M� , ≈0.05 per cent and ≈19.5 K, respectively. The dust masses are at least a factor of 50 greater than that expected from stellar mass loss and, like the SFRs, show no correlation with galaxy luminosity, suggesting that both the ISM and the star formation have external drivers. Adopting literature gas-to-dust ratios and star formation histories derived from fits to the panchromatic photometry, we estimate that the median current and initial gas- to-stellar mass ratios in these systems are ≈4 and ≈7 per cent, respectively. If, as indicated by recent work, minor mergers that drive star formation in spheroids with (NUV − r) > 3. 8( the colour range of our DLSGs) have stellar mass ratios between 1:6 and 1:10, then the satellite gas fractions are likely ≥50 per cent.
Gender-Specific Differences in Outcome of Ascending Aortic Aneurysm Surgery

Objectives Gender specific differences receive increasing attention and are known to affect the outcome of cardiovascular diseases. We investigated possible risk-factors for gender-specific differences in ascending aortic aneurysm surgery. Methods 548 consecutive patients (male: n = 390, age: 58.3±14.4 years; female: n = 158, age: 65.3±12.9 years) with aneurysms of the ascending aorta eligible for cardiac surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Results Women were significantly older when operation was indicated (p<0.001) and presented with significantly more hypertension (p=0.04) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; p = 0.017), whereas men had significantly more previous cardiac operations (p = 0.016). Normalized aortic diameters (diameter / body surface area) were significantly larger in women (3.10±0.6 cm) vs. (2.75±0,5 cm, p≤0.001) in men, without differences in absolute values (5.74±1.04 cm vs. 5.86±1.34 cm). The aortic arch was significantly more involved in aneurysm formation in women (p = 0.04). Follow-up was available in 93% of the patients with a mean follow-up time of 3.9±3.9 (0-17.8) years. 30-day mortality was 3.5% in men (n=12) and 7.9% in women (n=11; p = 0.058). Univariate regression analysis shows gender specific risk factors for 30-day mortality in men to be age: p = 0.028; myocardial infarction: p = 0.0. 24 and in women diameter of the ascending aorta: p=0.014; renal insufficiency: p=0.007. Long-term survival was significantly reduced in women (log-rank p = 0.0052). Conclusions The outcome after surgery for ascending aortic aneurysm is less favourable in women with significantly reduced long-term survival and a trend to increased 30-day mortality in this cohort. Larger normalized aortic diameters, higher incidence of involvement of the aortic arch and differences in comorbidities may contribute to gender differences. Women undergo surgery at higher age and more progressed state of aortic disease. Therefore, gender-specific guidelines for ascending replacement may be useful to improve outcome in women.
Evolution of trust and trustworthiness: social awareness favours personality differences

Interest in the evolution and maintenance of personality is burgeoning. Individuals of diverse animal species differ in their aggressiveness, fearfulness, sociability and activity. Strong trade-offs, mutation–selection balance, spatio-temporal fluctuations in selection, frequency dependence and good-genes mate choice are invoked to explain heritable personality variation, yet for continuous behavioural traits, it remains unclear which selective force is likely to maintain distinct polymorphisms. Using a model of trust and cooperation, we show how allowing individuals to monitor each other's cooperative tendencies, at a cost, can select for heritable polymorphisms in trustworthiness. This variation, in turn, favours costly ‘social awareness’ in some individuals. Feedback of this sort can explain the individual differences in trust and trustworthiness so often documented by economists in experimental public goods games across a range of cultures. Our work adds to growing evidence that evolutionary game theorists can no longer afford to ignore the importance of real world inter-individual variation in their models.
The Relationship between Diver Experience Levels and Perceptions of Attractiveness of Artificial Reefs - Examination of a Potential Management Tool

Artificial reefs are increasingly used worldwide as a method for managing recreational diving since they have the potential to satisfy both conservation goals and economic interests. In order to help maximize their utility, further information is needed to drive the design of stimulating resources for scuba divers. We used a questionnaire survey to explore divers’ perceptions of artificial reefs in Barbados. In addition, we examined reef resource substitution behaviour among scuba divers. Divers expressed a clear preference for large shipwrecks or sunken vessels that provided a themed diving experience. Motives for diving on artificial reefs were varied, but were dominated by the chance of viewing concentrated marine life, increased photographic opportunities, and the guarantee of a ‘good dive’. Satisfaction with artificial reef diving was high amongst novices and declined with increasing experience. Experienced divers had an overwhelming preference for natural reefs. As a management strategy, our results emphasize the capacity of well designed artificial reefs to contribute towards the management of coral reef diving sites and highlight a number of important areas for future research. Suggested work should validate the present findings in different marine tourism settings and ascertain support of artificial reefs in relationship to level of diver specialization.
‘To show or No-show’? Therapist Racial-ethnic Disparities in Clients’ Nonattendance in Therapy

ABSTRACT Clients’ nonattendance in therapy poses a significant threat to the effective delivery of mental health services at university counseling centers. As such, researchers have investigated processes related to clients’ nonattendance in an effort to increase treatment utilization and treatment outcomes. However, there is a paucity of research testing the impact of the therapist on clients’ nonattendance patterns. Additionally, it is unknown whether therapists vary in the nonattendance of their racial/ethnic minority (REM) and White clients. Therefore, the present study sought to identify therapist effects in client nonattendance rates, and examine between-therapist disparities in REM and White clients’ nonattendance patterns. Data for this study consisted of 275 REM and 341 White clients seen by 21 therapists at a large university counseling center. Results indicated that therapists accounted for 14% of the variability in clients’ nonattendance. Additionally, therapist effects in nonattendance due to clients’ REM status were identified, suggesting that therapists are a significant source of racial/ethnic disparities in clients’ nonattendance. REM clients’ nonattendance rates were higher compared to White clients for some therapists, but not others. Clinical implications and future research are discussed.
Evaluation of oxidative response and tissular damage in rat lungs exposed to silica-coated gold nanoparticles under static magnetic fields

The purpose of our study was the evaluation of toxicological effects of silica-coated gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and static magnetic fields (SMFs; 128 mT) exposure in rat lungs. Animals received a single injection of GNPs (1,100 µg/kg, 100 nm, intraperitoneally) and were exposed to SMFs, over 14 days (1 h/day). Results showed that GNPs treatment induced a hyperplasia of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue. Fluorescence microscopy images showed that red fluorescence signal was detected in rat lungs after 2 weeks from the single injection of GNPs. Oxidative response study showed that GNPs exposure increased malondialdehyde level and decreased CuZn-superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in rat lungs. Furthermore, the histopathological study showed that combined effects of GNPs and SMFs led to more tissular damages in rat lungs in comparison with GNPs-treated rats. Interestingly, intensity of red fluorescence signal was enhanced after exposure to SMFs indicating a higher accumulation of GNPs in rat lungs under magnetic environment. Moreover, rats coexposed to GNPs and SMFs showed an increased malondialdehyde level, a fall of CuZn-superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in comparison with GNPs-treated group. Hence, SMFs exposure increased the accumulation of GNPs in rat lungs and led to more toxic effects of these nanocomplexes.
Phase and Amplitude Noise Analysis in Microwave Oscillators Using Nodal Harmonic Balance

In this paper, a nodal harmonic balance (HB) formulation is presented for the phase and amplitude noise analysis of free-running oscillators. The implications of using different constraints in the resolution of the perturbed-oscillator equations are studied. The obtained formulation allows the prediction of the possible spectrum resonances without ill conditioning at low frequency offset from the carrier. The noise spectrum is meaningfully expressed in terms of the eigenvalues of a newly defined matrix, obtained from the linearization of the nodal HB system about the steady-state solution. The cases of real or complex-conjugate dominant eigenvalues are distinguished. The developed phase-noise formulation is extended to a system of two coupled oscillators. The phase and amplitude noise analyses have been applied to a push-push oscillator at 18 GHz, a bipolar oscillator at 1 GHz, and a coupled system of two field-effect transistor oscillators at 6 GHz.
Humanized Anti-Interleukin-6 Receptor Antibody Suppresses Tumor Angiogenesis and In vivo Growth of Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Purpose: The biological effect of interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and whether IL-6 receptor (IL-6R)-mediated signaling can be a therapeutic target for OSCC are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inhibition of IL-6R–mediated signaling on OSCC progression and to evaluate the availability of tocilizumab, a humanized antihuman IL-6R antibody, as a therapeutic agent for OSCC. Experimental Design: We evaluated expression levels of IL-6 and IL-6R in 58 OSCC tissues and 4 OSCC cell lines by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and/or immunohistochemstry. We investigated the effects of tocilizumab on OSCC growth in vitro and in xenografts. Xenografts were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3), Ki-67, and CD31, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay was done. Results: Expression levels of IL-6 at both mRNA and protein levels in OSCC tissues were significantly higher than those in normal mucosal tissues. In addition, OSCC cell lines expressed higher levels of both IL-6 and IL-6R mRNA than did HaCaT keratinocytes. Tocilizumab significantly reduced in vivo growth of SAS cells with a drastic reduction of STAT3 phosphorylation in tumor cells in mice. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling significantly decreased vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression in SAS, and microvessel density and vessel diameter in SAS tumors in tocilizumab-treated mice. Conclusions: Therapeutic approaches targeting IL-6R by tocilizumab may be effective for OSCC treatment by at least inhibiting angiogenesis. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(17):5426–34)
From Intention to Motivation: Developing a Motivation-based Model of IOS Adoption and Implementation

Interorganizational systems (IOS) are increasingly being implemented throughout supply chains, attracting the attention of many researchers seeking to understand this phenomenon. We argue that the activities performed during the implementation process and the post-adoption outcomes associated with these systems can be traced back to the principle motivation underpinning the adoption decision. In developing our theory, we critique the predominant technology acceptance and diffusion of innovations based approaches as they apply to the implementation of IOS technology, and present an alternative theoretical model based on a firm’s motivational intent. We argue that differences in motivational intentions largely explain system implementation processes and outcomes. Theory-based motivational scenarios are presented to make specific predictions regarding the impact of motivations on which system investigation and development activities are performed, and their short and long-term implications for an organization.
Identifying Predictors of Army Marksmanship: A Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor Perspective

Marksmanship is a core competency every U.S. Army Soldier must attain in order to achieve combat readiness (James & Dyer, 2011). To enhance overall marksmanship proficiency, the current research aims to develop a model to predict Soldier marksmanship qualification scores based on individual differences. The results of the current study found several psychomotor, cognitive, and affective variables predicted marksmanship qualification scores. These findings bring research a step closer to identifying skill deficiencies and individual needs prior to training. More research is needed to maximize understanding and improvement of marksmanship performance and to improve overall combat readiness.
Time-dependent Stochastic Particle Acceleration in Astrophysical Plasmas: Exact Solutions Including Momentum-dependent Escape

Stochastic acceleration of charged particles due to interactions with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) plasma waves is the dominant process leading to the formation of the high-energy electron and ion distributions in a variety of astrophysical systems. Collisions with the waves influence both the energization and the spatial transport of the particles, and therefore it is important to treat these two aspects of the problem in a self-consistent manner. We solve the representative Fokker-Planck equation to obtain a new, closed-form solution for the time-dependent Green's function describing the acceleration and escape of relativistic particles interacting with Alfvén or fast-mode waves characterized by momentum diffusion coefficient D(p) ∝ pq and mean particle escape timescale tesc(p) ∝ pq-2, where p is the particle momentum and q is the power-law index of the MHD wave spectrum. In particular, we obtain solutions for the momentum distribution of the ions in the plasma and also for the momentum distribution of the escaping particles, which may form an energetic outflow. The general features of the solutions are illustrated via examples based on either a Kolmogorov or Kraichnan wave spectrum. The new expressions complement the results obtained by Park and Petrosian, who presented exact solutions for the hard-sphere scattering case (q = 2) in addition to other scenarios in which the escape timescale has a power-law dependence on the momentum. Our results have direct relevance for models of high-energy radiation and cosmic-ray production in astrophysical environments such as γ-ray bursts, active galaxies, and magnetized coronae around black holes. In particular, we outline an application of the new results to black hole sources that produce outflows of relativistic hadrons, with associated predictions that can be tested using GLAST.
THE COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF BACTERIAL SPORES

The composition of the insoluble "integuments" and soluble "contents" fractions of spores of four Bacillus species of widely differing heat resistance were compared. Electron microscopy of thin sections was also used to determine and compare the morphological structures in the integument preparations. The soluble fractions of the thermophiles, B. coagulans and B. stearothermophilus, had a higher content of hexose and dipicolinic acid. The hexose content of both fractions of the four species was related to heat resistance. Integument fractions consisted chiefly of protein together with variable amounts of the mucopeptide constituents, α, ε-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) and hexosamine. In the thermophiles the DAP and hexosamine were found chiefly in the insoluble integuments fractions, while in B. cereus and B. subtilis most of this material was soluble. Integument preparations, containing mainly protein with little mucopeptide, consisted chiefly of outer and inner spore coats, while preparations having more mucopeptide contained also residual cortical material and a cortical membrane (possibly the germ cell wall). The results suggest that spore integuments consist of mainly proteinaceous outer and inner coats together with variable amounts of residual cortex and cortical membrane which contain the mucopeptide material.
Destination Choices of the 1985-90 Young Adult Immigrants to the United States: Importance of Race, Educational Attainment, and Labour Market Forces

The continued concentration of immigrants into a select number of port-of-entry states has focused both the benefits and burdens of immigration on their residents and local governments. The fact that immigrants concentrate in these areas at the same time as domestic migrants are relocating elsewhere suggests that conventional labour market forces playa lesser role than ethnic ties in affecting immigrants' initial destination choices. This paper investigates the relative roles of conventional labour market forces and proxies for ethnic ties in explaining the destination choices of 1985-90 young adult immigrants, based on data from the 1990 census. We find that the destination choices of recent immigrants are more strongly influenced by the race-ethnic composition of a state than by more conventional labour market attributes. This is especially the case for blacks and Hispanics who showed the highest concentration in their destination selections, and least so for whites whose destinations were most dispersed. We also found that immigrants with less than high school education were most subject to the pull of race-ethnic similarity, were least attracted by the states with low unemployment, and had the most
ULySS: a full spectrum fitting package

Aims. We provide an easy-to-use full-spectrum fitting package and explore its applications to (i) the determination of the stellar atmospheric parameters and (ii) the study of the history of stellar populations. Methods. We developed ULySS, a package to fit spectroscopic observations against a linear combination of non-linear model components convolved with a parametric line-of-sight velocity distribution. The minimization can be either local or global, and determines all the parameters in a single fit. We use χ 2 maps, convergence maps and Monte-Carlo simulations to study the degeneracies, local minima and to estimate the errors. Results. We show the importance of determining the shape of the continuum simultaneously to the other parameters by including a multiplicative polynomial in the model (without prior pseudo-continuum determination, or rectification of the spectrum). We also stress the usefulness of using an accurate line-spread function, depending on the wavelength, so that the line-shape of the models properly matches the observation. For simple models, i.e., to measure the atmospheric parameters or the age/metallicity of a singleage stellar population, there is often a unique minimum, or when local minima exist they can be recognized unambiguously. For more complex models, Monte-Carlo simulations are required to assess the validity of the solution. Conclusions. The ULySS package is public, simple to use and flexible. The full spectrum fitting makes optimal use of the signal.
The genetic architecture of sexual dimorphism: the potential roles of genomic imprinting and condition-dependence

Differences between the sexes in morphology, physiology, behavior, and life history are ubiquitous, but we still have much to learn about how genomes produce strikingly different phenotypes in different sexes. In this chapter, I explore some emerging research that promises to enrich our understanding of the evolution and genetic architecture of sexually dimorphic traits. Building on the ideas and findings outlined in Section 17.1, I consider the potential roles of two genetic mechanisms, genomic imprinting and conditiondependence. I outline recent advances in theory and empirical knowledge that link these phenomena to sexual dimorphism, and suggest some questions for future investigation.
Transcriptomic Analysis and Meta-Analysis of Human Granulosa and Cumulus Cells

Specific gene expression in oocytes and its surrounding cumulus (CC) and granulosa (GC) cells is needed for successful folliculogenesis and oocyte maturation. The aim of the present study was to compare genome-wide gene expression and biological functions of human GC and CC. Individual GC and CC were derived from 37 women undergoing IVF procedures. Gene expression analysis was performed using microarrays, followed by a meta-analysis. Results were validated using quantitative real-time PCR. There were 6029 differentially expressed genes (q < 10−4); of which 650 genes had a log2 FC ≥ 2. After the meta-analysis there were 3156 genes differentially expressed. Among these there were genes that have previously not been reported in human somatic follicular cells, like prokineticin 2 (PROK2), higher expressed in GC, and pregnancy up-regulated nonubiquitous CaM kinase (PNCK), higher expressed in CC. Pathways like inflammatory response and angiogenesis were enriched in GC, whereas in CC, cell differentiation and multicellular organismal development were among enriched pathways. In conclusion, transcriptomes of GC and CC as well as biological functions, are distinctive for each cell subpopulation. By describing novel genes like PROK2 and PNCK, expressed in GC and CC, we upgraded the existing data on human follicular biology.
Extending ALCQIO with Trees

We study the description logic ALCQIO, which extends the standard description logic ALC with nominals, inverses and counting quantifiers. ALCQIO is a fragment of first order logic and thus cannot define trees. We consider the satisfiability problem of ALCQIO over finite structures in which k relations are interpreted as forests of directed trees with unbounded out degrees. We show that the finite satisfiability problem of ALCQIO with forests is polynomial-time reducible to finite satisfiability of ALCQIO. As a consequence, we get that finite satisfiability is NEXPTIME-complete. Description logics with transitive closure constructors or fixed points have been studied before, but we give the first decidability result of the finite satisfiability problem for a description logic that contains nominals, inverse roles, and counting quantifiers and can define trees.