Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Host-controlled Restriction of T-even Bacteriophages: Relation of Four Bacterial Deoxyribonucleases to Restriction

Escherichia coli strains B and K-12, which restrict growth of nonglucosylated T- even phage (T* phage), and nonrestricting strains (Shigella sonnei and mutants of E. coli B) were tested for levels of endonuclease I and exonucleases I, II, and III, by means of in vitro assyas. Cell-free extracts freed from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were examined with three substrates: E. coli DNA, T*2 DNA, and T2 DNA. Both restricting and nonrestricting strains had comparable levels of the four nuclease activities and had similar patterns of preference for the three substrates. In addition, mutants of E. coli B and K-12 that lack endonuclease I were as effective as their respective wild types in restricting T* phage.
Are meaning and purpose distinct? An examination of correlates and predictors

Existing empirical literature has typically treated meaning and purpose as identical. Based on previous theoretical propositions of these two constructs as distinct, we hypothesized that meaning (defined as a sense of comprehension and significance in life) and purpose (defined as a sense of goals, aims, and direction in life) would have different predictors and correlates. We utilized a longitudinal design and collected data from 167 cancer survivors at two time points one year apart. Although meaning and purpose were strongly correlated, they had different predictors and correlates. Regression analyses showed Time 2 meaning was predicted by Time 1 spirituality, whereas Time 2 purpose was predicted by Time 1 social support. At Time 2, meaning was positively correlated with posttraumatic growth and negatively with posttraumatic depreciation, whereas purpose was negatively correlated with intrusive thoughts pertaining to cancer. Implications of an understanding of meaning and purpose as distinct constructs are discussed.
ORGANIZATIONAL SOCIALIZATION IN TWO CULTURES: RESULTS FROM THE UNITED STATES AND HONG KONG

This study examined whether organizational socialization content areas are applicable across cultures. Data were gathered from 324 U.S. and 198 Hong Kong employees who completed a questionnaire assessing four socialization content domains (training, understanding of the job, coworker support, and future prospects within the company), five measures of job satisfaction, and three measures of organizational commitment. Based on the merged data from the two cultures, all four socialization domains played a significant role in predicting satisfaction and commitment. These socialization measures also were stronger predictors than a variety of demographic measures. Although there were some differences in the relative strengths of the socialization measures when the data were analyzed separately for each nation, the overall results support the idea that the socialization content areas tested are applicable across cultures. Implications for managing employees in the different cultures are discussed.
An uncertain harvest: a case study of implementation of innovation

Starting in 1997, a sophisticated, outcomes‐based curriculum was to be implemented in South African schools. This study examines and analyses how science teachers in one rural school responded to the demands of this new curriculum. I consider the capacity of the school and the extent to which outside support and pressure was provided. The levels of implementation are analysed in terms of a proposed ‘zone of feasible innovation’, a hypothetical construct which suggests that innovation should not exceed current practice by too large a gap between existing practice and the demands of the innovation.
Youth Engagement in Singapore: The Interplay of Social and Traditional Media

This research examines the implications of social media use for political engagement among young people in Singapore. The project included a qualitative analysis of a student protest, followed by a national survey of young Singaporeans. The findings suggest that social media use is positively related to traditional political participation, while also providing evidence of the continued importance of traditional media for political engagement. More specifically, we find that the attention paid to news in traditional media is a more important predictor of both traditional and online participation than the generic use of Facebook.
Do Adolescents with Alcohol and Other Illicit Drug Use Have Lower Educational Attainment ? The Role of School and Neighborhood Factors

Objective: To examine whether mental health problems in adolescence is associated with decreased human capital formation by early adulthood, whether this relationship is heterogeneous across schools and across neighborhoods, and whether school and neighborhood characteristics modify the relationship between mental health and human capital formation. Population: Students interviewed in Waves I and III of the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health (AddHealth), a nationally representative survey of students in grades 7-12 at Wave I (1994-95). Wave III follow-up was conducted in 2001-02 when respondents were 18-27 years old. Study Design: Mixed models with fixed effects, random intercepts and random coefficients on alcohol and other illicit drug (AOD) use (also known as two-level cross-classified hierarchical models) have been used. Human capital formation is defined as years of schooling completed by Wave III, and probability of high school dropout and college enrollment/graduation by Wave III. Mental health is measured by alcohol and other illicit drug use, depressive symptoms, delinquency, and suicidality at baseline. The models control for other individual, family, school and neighborhood characteristics. Findings: Mental health problems in adolescence, particularly externalizing behaviors (AOD use, delinquency, suicidality), were associated with fewer years of schooling completed by Wave III. Statistically significant random intercepts indicate that human capital formation varies across schools and across neighborhoods, after controlling for observable school and neighborhood characteristics. The statistically significant random slope on the AOD symptoms variable indicates that the relationship between adolescent mental health and years of education completed also varies across schools and across neighborhoods. A study of the interaction effects of school and community characteristics on mental health variables indicates that access to counseling in schools and living in a community where people look out for one another are associated with increased years of schooling completed among adolescents with alcohol and other illicit drug abuse. Conclusions: The findings from this study indicate that some schools and neighborhoods are associated with better outcomes for troubled adolescents. Furthermore, students with AOD use who had access to counseling in school and who lived in neighborhoods where people looked out for one another had better outcomes than those who did not. This could ultimately lead to the design of targeted interventions for adolescents, particularly for those with substance abuse problems.
Gender-based violence and property grabbing in Africa: a denial of women's liberty and security

Property grabbing is a new form of gendered violence against women, threatening the security of women across Southern and East Africa. Forced evictions are often accompanied by further acts of violence, including physical and mental harassment, and abuse. Widows are particularly vulnerable, partly as a result of weakened customary practice and social safety nets that used to provide support to widowed women and their children, a situation made worse by the HIV and AIDS epidemic. Defending their property has cost some women their lives, while other women have lost their shelter and source of livelihoods, and have become destitute. The harassment and humiliation that often accompany property grabbing further strip women of their self-esteem, affecting their ability to defend their rights.
The role of dispositional reinvestment in choking during decision-making tasks in sport

This thesis examines the moderating effect of dispositional reinvestment upon ‘choking’ in cognitive based tasks such as decision-making. Study 1 tested sixty-three participants’ performances on lowand high-complexity tests of motor skill, psychomotor skill and working memory under lowand high-pressure conditions. The association between reinvestment and choking was shown to extend beyond the motor skill domain to cognitive tasks, particularly those that tax working memory, with task complexity moderating this relationship. Next, a psychometric scale to identify individuals more susceptible to impaired decision-making under pressure was developed. A 13-item decision-specific version of the Reinvestment Scale (Masters, Polman, & Hammond, 1993) measuring an individual’s propensity to engage in conscious control and manifestations of ruminative thoughts emerged following factor analysis. Initial assessment of the scale’s predictive validity showed scores were highly correlated with coaches’ ratings of players’ tendency to choke. The final two studies examined choking using sport specific decision-making tasks. Initial findings were inconclusive, as choking was not observed. It was suggested the task lacked the sufficient cognitive demands to induce reinvestment. The last study, manipulating task complexity, found dispositional reinvestment to be associated with choking in the high complexity condition. The Decision-Specific Reinvestment Scale was also shown to be a better predictor of choking than the original scale. Overall, support was found for the hypothesis that Reinvestment is detrimental to performance under pressure in cognitive based tasks; however may not be the sole cause of disrupted performance. Masters and Maxwell’s (2004) concept of a working memory based explanation and Mullen and Hardy (2000) attentional threshold hypothesis offer a potential explanation to the findings.
Examining citizenship participation in young Australian adults: a structural equation analysis

As citizens, young adults should be supported and encouraged to enact their basic rights and responsibilities to partake in decision-making that affects their lives and development. Recent studies in several Western countries, including Australia, have suggested that levels of political and community activities among young adults have significantly decreased. This study tested a theoretically and empirically based explanatory model of citizenship participation on 434 young Australian adults to examine how the variables of social milieu, citizen communication networks, self-efficacy and life satisfaction contributed to citizenship participation (social and civic activities). Structural equation modelling corroborated a meditational model in which citizen communication networks and social milieu accounted for significant variance in self-efficacy and life satisfaction which in turn accounted for social and civic participation. Results demonstrated that citizenship participation is influenced by the social environment, which is multidimensional and the person–environment interaction is subject to ongoing changes. Young adults' social contexts are important socialising agents that promote citizenship participation.
Behavioral Engagement : How Can You Measure It ?

Employee engagement is a relatively new construct in academia and has received considerable press attention. Employee engagement is linked to positive business unit outcomes such as profitability, productivity, employee turnover rate, satisfaction, customer loyalty, and safety. The objectives of this study are to propose and validate the reliability of a behavioral employee engagement scale. The proposed scale (α = 0.908) is negatively related to turnover intention and positively associated with employee safety grade, willingness to recommend organization as a place for work and care, and workplace safety. Therefore, the proposed scale is posited to be valid and reliable.
Effectiveness of chlorhexidine on dental plaque: a new technique.

AIM Regular home care by the patient in addition to professional removal of subgingival plaque is generally very effective in controlling most inflammatory periodontal diseases. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness in removing plaque, a new tool for oral hygiene, suitable for any type of population, associating it to the patient's motivation in the early stages of a session of occupational hygiene. METHODS The experiment involved a total of 120 patients. In the initial stages of the professional oral hygiene treatment, there were the values for the percentage of plaque index in all 120 subjects, after application of the agent detector plate, containing erythrosin, in liquid solution. Subsequently, the same operator, used for about two minutes with a woven gauze roller movement toward apico-coronal (Digital Brush, Mycerium, SpA, Avegno, Ge) on all teeth. Soon after it was re-applied the same detector that has enabled us to evaluate the plaque index, after using the digital brush. A statistical analysis has been carried out. RESULTS Results show a statistically significant decrease of the averages of plaque index before and after treatment. At the end of the study the 120 patients showed an average index of plaque equal to 74.2, which after the use of the Digital Brush was reduced to 44.3. CONCLUSION The research has shown a very simple and effective treatment's procedure, therefore it should be widely employed in oral hygiene practice.
Wide Band Room Temperature 0.35-dB Noise Figure LNA in 90-nm Bulk CMOS

Design and measurements of a room temperature 700 MHz - 1400 MHz low noise amplifier (LNA) in 90-nm bulk CMOS, intended for use in the Canadian large adaptive reflector (CLAR) radio telescope, are presented. The new bandwidth constrained LNA noise figure optimization and broad-banding technique as well as the importance of substrate shielding are discussed. The amplifier has 0.35 dB noise figure while consuming 45 mW of power from a 1-V supply and achieves output P1dB of -5.3 dBm and output IP3 of 7.5 dBm with the gain (S21) ranging from 20.5 dB to 16.3 dB across the band. The LNA's input and output impedances are matched to 50 Omega. The LNA represents the first CMOS design that satisfies the very demanding requirements of radio telescopes. The topology and optimization presented in this paper are not limited to radio astronomy applications and can be applied for wide band commercial applications such as tri-band GSM operating in the 850 MHz - 1900 MHz frequency range
War, Famine, and Poverty: Race in the Construction of Africa's Media Image

Through my teaching of undergraduate international communication courses, I am constantly reminded what many scholars have asserted: Of all the world’s regions, Africa is the least understood by Americans (Herskovits 1962; Abdolfathi 1971; McCarthy 1983; Staniland 1991). Each semester when I ask my students, the majority of whom are white and middle class, to describe for me their images and ideas of &dquo;Africa,&dquo; &dquo;Africans,&dquo; or particular countries on the African continent, I get the usual litany of stereotypical, negative, and often condescending descriptions. To my students, &dquo;Africa&dquo; is: &dquo;a basketcase,&dquo; &dquo;jungle-covered&dquo; &dquo;big game, safari,&dquo; &dquo;impoverished,&dquo; &dquo;falling apart,&dquo; &dquo;famine-plagued,&dquo; &dquo;full of war,&dquo; &dquo;AIDS-ridden,&dquo; &dquo;torn by apartheid,’· &dquo;weird,&dquo; &dquo;brutal,&dquo; &dquo;savage,&dquo; &dquo;primitive,&dquo; &dquo;backward,&dquo; &dquo;tribal,&dquo; &dquo;undeveloped,&dquo; and &dquo;black. &dquo; Moreover, my students describe &dquo;Africans&dquo; as: &dquo;having AIDS,&dquo; &dquo;lazy,&dquo; &dquo;crazy,&dquo; &dquo;corrupt,&dquo; &dquo;troubled,&dquo; &dquo;underdeveloped,&dquo; &dquo;fight[ing] all the time,&dquo; &dquo;brutal,&dquo; &dquo;savage,&dquo; &dquo;exotic,&dquo; &dquo;sexually active,&dquo; &dquo;backward,&dquo; &dquo;tribal,&dquo; &dquo;primitive,&dquo; and again &dquo;black. &dquo;’ That my students identify the social and political constructs of &dquo;Africa&dquo; and &dquo;Africans&dquo; racially as &dquo;black,&dquo; along side a host of very unfavorable attributes, I find to be particularly revealing about the way in which &dquo;Africa&dquo; and &dquo;Africans&dquo; have been invented historically and reinvented contemporarily. &dquo;Fact&dquo; and &dquo;fiction&dquo; constantly reinforce each other in the construction of Africa and Africans as the undifferentiated &dquo;Other&dquo;
The role of absorption in experiential involvement.

The authors examined correlates of trait absorption to understand when and how pronounced engagement with attentional objects occurs. In Study 1 (N = 321), absorption and openness to experience were positively correlated (r =.64), and these involvement constructs were differentiated from Eysenck's Big 3 (Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Psychoticism; H. J. Eysenck & M. W. Eysenck, 1985). In Study 2 (N = 68), absorption was positively correlated with participation in the arts, with effects of art on mood, and with ratings of the importance of art to daily life (ps <.05). Absorption was negatively correlated with speed and positively correlated with productivity ofvisual figure-ground differentiation and was positively correlated with cross-modal elaborative processing (ps <.05). Trait absorption reflects (a) a motivational readiness to engage in experiential, noninstrumental functioning and (b) distinctive cognitive capacities to efficiently identify and richly elaborate objects of attention.
Application of Imaging Systems to Characterization of Single-Event Effects in High-Energy Neutron Environments

We use charge-coupled devices (CCDs) to characterise the single-event effect (SEE) inducing properties of high-energy neutron beams, including the spatial distribution of induced charge. Three representative CCD types are evaluated for this purpose. We study the significance of anti-blooming structures and pixel size. Anti-blooming structures are found to suppress event rates and corrupt event statistics. Devices without such structures are preferred and anti-blooming correction is performed in software. A CCD with 9 mum pixels is chosen for an Imaging SEE Monitor, which is currently being deployed in a variety of natural and synthetic neutron fields. Comparison is made between effects observed in neutron beams at LANSCE and TRIUMF accelerator facilities. Cross-sections for all events at the two facilities agree, providing independent confirmation of dosimetry. Cross-sections for more intense events disagree, with about a factor of 5 difference (LANSCE more effective) at 1 pC deposited charge. We attribute this discrepancy to the harder neutron spectrum at LANSCE, and conclude that predictions of SEE cross-sections in devices of interest, as measured at the two facilities, are liable to differ for this reason. Predictions of SEE rates in the field may also be in doubt. Charge collection measurements are recommended for adoption in test protocols for accelerated testing for neutron SEE
Psychometric properties of the BFI-K: A cross-validation study

In recent years, the BFI-K, a short version of the well-established Big Five Inventory (BFI), has been employed in a number of studies investigating samples from heterogeneous populations. As the BFI-K had been validated only in homogeneous student samples, cross-validation in an extended, heterogeneous sample was called for. The present study (N = 5,178) aimed to meet this demand. Factor analysis, which was carried out using Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling (ESEM), validated the factorial structure. A three-factor MANOVA conducted with the variables age, gender, and education replicated the well-known effects of sociodemographic variables on the Big Five. Hence, our results reveal that the psychometric properties of the BFI-K scales are in line with those of the initial validation studies.
Cognitive rehabilitation of word meaning deafness

Theoretical accounts of pure word meaning deafness are rare; accounts of its rehabilitation are virtually non-existent. We contrast the effects of two therapies in a patient with pure word meaning deafness. One therapy required only implicit auditory access from the patient (silent reading comprehension exercises). The second required explicit auditory access (auditory comprehension exercises), and thus appeared to be more suited to the exact locus of the patient's impairment. Improvement was observed after both types of therapy. However, improvement on implicit access therapy was influenced by the use of a compensatory strategy developed by the patient. In contrast, improvement on explicit access therapy was more durable, and appeared to be due to a direct effect on the audition–semantics link, rather than to compensation. We conclude that pure word meaning deafness is amenable to treatment, and that cognitive models can be useful in designing such therapy studies.
From Function to Emotion: A Critical Essay on the History of Design Arguments

There has been an increasing emphasis on the concept of emotion and its ramifications in design discussions. Emotional responses to designed products are studied in order to inform the design of new ones. This article is an attempt to cast light on the underlying assumptions and enabling conditions involved in this recent emergence of a concern with emotions in design. To achieve this, a historical narrative is reconstructed by bringing a number of important design movements into dialogue with the different stages of capitalist production as well as the leading philosophical paradigms. The article ends with a brief discussion on the vicissitudes of emotionally driven design as it comes into contact with the logic of the market.
Mother and Child Emotions during Mathematics Homework

Mathematics is often thought of as a purely intellectual and unemotional activity. Recently, researchers have begun to question the validity of this approach, arguing that emotions and cognition are intertwined. The emotions expressed during mathematics work may be linked to mathematics achievement. We used behavioral measures to identify the emotions expressed by U.S. mothers and their 11-year-old children while solving pre-algebra tasks in the home. The most notable positive emotions displayed by mothers and children included positive interest, affection, joy, and pride, whereas the most notable negative emotions expressed included tension, frustration, and distress. Reflecting the social aspects of doing homework together, mothers' and children's emotions were highly correlated. Independent of pre-existing differences in knowledge, children's emotions were associated with their performance on a mathematics post-test: tension was linked to poorer performance while positive interest, humor, and pride were linked to better performance. We found no evidence of gender differences in the emotions while working the tasks, although boys responded with more tension following an incorrect solution than did girls.
Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports Benefits and Spillovers of Greater Competition in Europe : A Macroeconomic Assessment

We estimate the macroeconomic benefits and international spillovers of an increase in competition using a general-equilibrium simulation model with nominal rigidities and monopolistic competition in product and labor markets. We draw three conclusions after calibrating the model to the euro area against the rest of the industrial world. First, greater competition produces large effects on macroeconomic performance, as measured by standard indicators. In particular, we show that differences in competition can account for more than half of the current gap in GDP per capita between the euro area and the United States. Second, greater competition may improve macroeconomic management by increasing the responsiveness of wages and prices to market conditions. Third, increased competition can generate positive spillovers to the rest of the world through its impact on the terms of trade.