Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chest radiograph in the evaluation of first time wheezing episodes: Review of current clinical practice and efficacy

Objective To evaluate the current clinical use and utility of chest radiographs (CXR) in the workup of pediatric patients with first time wheezing (FTW) episodes. Setting Urban children's hospital. Design Retrospective review of medical records of patients seen in the emergency department in 1994 with disposition diagnoses of asthma or reactive airways disease, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, congenital heart disease, congestive heart failure, or foreign body aspiration to identify those patients presenting with FTW episodes. Methods Clinical findings in FTW were compared in patients receiving a CXR (121,41%) and those who did not (177, 59%). Comparisons were made between patients with a clinically significant CXR (CXR-pos) (29, 24%) and those without (92,76%). CXR-pos was defined as a CXR result which would be expected to alter patient management. Comparisons between groups were analyzed using the two-tailed Student's t test for continuous variables and the χ2 statistic for categorical data. The level of significance was determined at P < 0.05. Results Two hundred ninety-eight episodes of FTW were identified of 1984 patient charts reviewed. Patients receiving CXR differed from those who did not by being of a greater age (39 vs 20 months, P < 0.01), having lower pulse oximetry (89.7 vs. 92.7%, P < 0.01), being less likely to have a family history of asthma (47.5 vs 63.2%, P < 0.01), or history of atopy (40.6 vs 59.4%, P < 0.01). Those with localized wheezes (59.4 vs 40.6% P < 0.01), localized rales (593 vs 40.7% P < 0.01), and localized decreased breath sounds (59.3 vs 40.7%, P = 0.01) were also more likely to receive a CXR. Among patients receiving CXR, clinical characteristics associated with CXR-pos were elevated temperature (37.9 vs 37.5°C, P = 0.04), absence of family history of asthma 72.6 vs 27.4%, P < 0.01), and the presence of localized wheezes (76.0 vs 24.0%, P = 0.02), or localized rales (76.0 vs 24.0%, P < 0.01). Conclusions Clinicians in this setting do not routinely obtain a CXR in patients with FTW episodes. Retrospective examination of clinician practice revealed several clinical characteristics that were associated with increased use of CXR in FTW. Increased utility of the CXR was associated with patients having elevated temperature, an absence of a family history of asthma, and localized wheezes or rales by ausculatory examination.
Aggression in Inpatient Adolescents

Differences in aggressive behavior were examined in a primarily White sample of 84 thirteen- to seventeen-year-old depressed and nondepressed adolescent inpatients. Results indicate that depression and gender interact significantly; females with depression demonstrated more physical aggression than nondepressed females, and males with depression demonstrated less aggression than nondepressed males. These results indicate that depression is a greater risk factor for physical aggression in treatment-seeking female, compared to male, adolescents.
Enhanced basal late sodium current appears to underlie the age-related prolongation of action potential duration in guinea pig ventricular myocytes.

Aging hearts have prolonged QT interval and are vulnerable to oxidative stress. Because the QT interval indirectly reflects the action potential duration (APD), we examined the hypotheses that 1) the APD of ventricular myocytes increases with age; 2) the age-related prolongation of APD is due to an enhancement of basal late Na+ current (INaL); 3) inhibition of INaL may protect aging hearts from arrhythmogenic effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Experiments were performed on ventricular myocytes isolated from one-month (young) and one-year (old) guinea pigs (GPs). The APD of myocytes from old GPs was significantly longer than that from young GPs and was shortened by the INaL inhibitors GS967 and tetrodotoxin. The magnitude of INaL was significantly larger in myocytes from old than from young GPs. The CaMKII inhibitors KN-93 and AIP and the NaV1.5-channel blocker MTSEA blocked the INaL. There were no significant differences between myocytes from young and old GPs in L-type Ca2+ current and the rapidly- and slowly-activating delayed rectifier K+ currents, although the inward rectifier K+ current was slightly decreased in myocytes from old GPs. H2O2 induced more early afterdepolarizations in myocytes from old than from young GPs. The effect of H2O2 was attenuated by GS967. The results suggest that 1) the APD of myocytes from old GPs is prolonged, 2) a CaMKII-mediated increase in NaV1.5-channel INaL is responsible for the prolongation of APD, and 3) Inhibition of INaL may be beneficial for maintaining electrical stability under oxidative stress in myocytes of old GPs.
Cut‐off Effect in Antimicrobial Activity and in Membrane Perturbation Efficiency of the Homologous Series of N,N‐Dimethylalkylamine Oxides †

Abstract— The antimicrobial activity of the homologous series of N,N‐dimethylalkylamine oxides (DMAO) was found to be quasi parabolically dependent on alkyl chain length with a maximum at n ∼ 15 and n ∼ 12 for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. The physicochemical properties of DMAOs as characterized by critical micelle concentrations, retention times of 1‐alkenes generated from DMAOs by gas‐liquid chromatography, Rm values in reversed phase chromatography, and bacterial lipid/aqueous phase partition coefficients were found to correlate with the alkyl chain length. The effect of DMAOs on the structure of the model membrane prepared from isolated lipids from Escherichia coli as detected by a spin probe method was maximal for the alkyl chain length n ∼ 10–12 coinciding with the maximum in the antimicrobial activity observed with Escherichia coli. It is suggested that the cut‐off in the DMAO antimicrobial activity is caused by the cut‐off in the DMAO perturbing effect on the membrane structure.
Logics of History as a Framework for an Integrated Social Science

This essay surveys the contributions of William H. Sewell Jr.'sLogics of History and concludes that the book sketches a compelling agenda for an integrated historical social science. The author first summarizes Sewell's ontological and epistemological claims concerning social structure and event, history and temporality, and sociohistorical causality. The author then discusses five main areas in which ambiguities in Sewell's approach might be clarified or his arguments pushed farther. These concern (1) the relationship between historical event and traumatic event; (2) the idea of the unprecedented event or “antistructure”; (3) the theory of semiosis underlying Sewell's notion of a multiplicity of structures; and (4) the compatibilities and differences between the concepts of structure and mechanism (here the author argues that social structures are the distinctive “mechanisms” of the human or social sciences). Finally, (5) Sewell's call for “a more robust sense of the social” in historical writing locates the “social” mainly at the level of the metafield of power, or what regulation theory calls the mode of regulation; the author suggests a possible integration of this society-level concept with Pierre Bourdieu's theory of semiautonomous fields.
Contribution of a 300 kHz alternating magnetic field on magnetic hyperthermia treatment of HepG2 cells

We investigated the relative contributions of temperature and a 300 kHz alternating magnetic field (AMF) on magnetic hyperthermia treatment (MHT). Our system consisted of an induction coil, which generated AMF by electric current flow, and a newly developed, temperature‐controlled circulating water‐jacketed glass bottle placed inside the coil. The AMF generator operated at a frequency of 300 kHz with variable field strength ranging from 0 to 11 mT. Four treatment conditions were employed: (A) control (37 °C, 0 mT), (B) AMF exposure (37 °C, 11 mT), (C) hyperthermia (46 °C, 0 mT), and (D) hyperthermia plus AMF exposure (46 °C, 11 mT) for 30 min. Cell viability and apoptotic death rate were estimated. The relative contributions or interactions of hyperthermia (46 °C) and AMF (11 mT) on MHT were evaluated using 2 × 2 factorial experiment analysis. Group A was statistically different (P < 0.05) from each of the other treatments. The observed effects on both cell viability and apoptotic cell death were influenced by temperature (97.36% and 92.15%, respectively), AMF (1.78% and 4.99%, respectively), and the interactions between temperature and AMF (0.25% and 2.36%, respectively). Thus, the effect of hyperthermia was significant. Also, AMF exposure itself might play a role in MHT, although these observations were made in vitro. These findings suggest a possible presence of an AMF effect during clinical magnetic hyperthermia. Bioelectromagnetics 34:95–103, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adenosine diphosphate-decorated chitosan nanoparticles shorten blood clotting times, influencing the structures and varying the mechanical properties of the clots

Chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) decorated with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (ANPs) or fibrinogen (FNPs) were used to fabricate hemostatic NPs that can shorten blood clotting time and prevent severe local hemorrhage. The structure and mechanical properties of the blood clot induced with ANP (clot/ANP) or FNP (clot/FNP) were also investigated. The NPs, ANPs, and FNPs, which had particle sizes of 245.1±14.0, 251.0±9.8, and 326.5±14.5 nm and zeta potentials of 24.1±0.5, 20.6±1.9, and 15.3±1.5 mV (n=4), respectively, were fabricated by ionic gelation and then decorated with ADP and fibrinogen. The zeta potentials and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of the NPs confirmed that their surfaces were successfully coated with ADP and fibrinogen. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs of the structure of the clot induced with “undecorated” chitosan NPs (clot/NP), clot/ANP, and clot/FNP (at 0.05 wt%) were different, after citrated bloods had been recalcified by a calcium chloride solution containing NPs, ANPs, or FNPs. This indicated that many NPs adhered on the membrane surfaces of red blood cells, that ANPs induced many platelet aggregates, and that FNPs were incorporated into the fibrin network in the clots. Measurements of the blood clotting times (Tc) of blood clot/NPs, clot/ANPs, and clot/FNPs, based on 90% of ultimate frequency shifts measured on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), were significantly (P<0.05) (n=4) shorter than that of a clot induced by a phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) (clot/PBS) (63.6%±3.1%, 48.3%±6.2%, and 63.2%±4.7%, respectively). The ΔF2 values in the spectra of frequency shifts associated with the propagation of fibrin networks in the clot/ANPs and clot/FNPs were significantly lower than those of clot/PBS. Interestingly, texture profile analysis of the compressional properties showed significantly lower hardness and compressibility in clot/NPs and clot/ANPs (P<0.05 or better) (n=4) compared with clot/PBS and clot/FNPs. Accordingly, among the hemostatic NPs, ANP substantially reduced blood clotting times, ΔF2 values, and compression flow properties of the clot. Hence, ANPs have potential applications for preventing severe local hemorrhage.
Are the principles of effective feedback transferable across disciplines? A comparative study of written assignment feedback in Languages and Technology

This paper describes an investigation into the written feedback provided by tutors on Language assignments, together with students’ responses to it. The study replicates a previous study of assignment feedback in Technology, in order to determine the extent to which the characteristics underlying common feedback practice and students’ perceptions of effective feedback vary according to discipline. Drawing on two Spanish modules, the researchers analysed over 4000 feedback comments on 72 scripts, identifying their category and depth in accordance with the classification used in the Technology study. With regard to categories, it was found that Language tutors’ comments related more to skills development than to content, the opposite tendency to that observed in Technology. With regard to depth, corrections formed a lower proportion of Language tutors’ comments, but the proportions indicating errors and providing explanations were both greater than in Technology. This analysis was followed by interviews with 20 of the students whose assignment feedback had been analysed. The differences and similarities between the ways feedback is perceived by students of Languages and Technology are discussed. The authors conclude that a methodological approach involving cross-subject replication is a powerful means of uncovering subject-specific assumptions on assignment feedback.
On Physical Anthropological Aspects of the Mesolithic‐Neolithic Transition in the Iberian Peninsula1

Remise en question d'une hypothesse publiee dans CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY (vol. 37, n°4, pp. 689-695), fondee sur deux affirmations : 1) un remplacement de la population iberique au Neolithique, d'apres les donnees de l'anthropologie physique ; 2) une homogeneisation effective des populations iberiques a cette periode. D'apres les auteurs du present article, les donnees osteologiques (Mesolithique portugais) exploitees sont incompletes et de recents developpements en genetique ne permettent pas de soutenir cette these
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Class I Down-Regulation by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Negative Factor (HIV-1 Nef): What Might We Learn From Natural Sequence Variants?

HIV-1 causes a chronic infection in humans that is characterized by high plasma viremia, progressive loss of CD4+ T lymphocytes, and severe immunodeficiency resulting in opportunistic disease and AIDS. Viral persistence is mediated in part by the ability of the Nef protein to down-regulate HLA molecules on the infected cell surface, thereby allowing HIV-1 to evade recognition by antiviral CD8+ T lymphocytes. Extensive research has been conducted on Nef to determine protein domains that are required for its immune evasion activities and to identify critical cellular co-factors, and our mechanistic understanding of this process is becoming more complete. This review highlights our current knowledge of Nef-mediated HLA class I down-regulation and places this work in the context of naturally occurring sequence variation in this protein. We argue that efforts to fully understand the critical role of Nef for HIV-1 pathogenesis will require greater analysis of patient-derived sequences to elucidate subtle differences in immune evasion activity that may alter clinical outcome.
Emergence and Communication in Computational Sociology

Computational sociology models social phenomena using the concepts of emergence and downward causation. However, the theoretical status of these concepts is ambiguous; they suppose too much ontology and are invoked by two opposed sociological interpretations of social reality: the individualistic and the holistic. This paper aims to clarify those concepts and argue in favour of their heuristic value for social simulation. It does so by proposing a link between the concept of emergence and Luhmann's theory of communication. For Luhmann, society emerges from the bottom-up as communication and he describes the process by which society limits the possible selections of individuals as downward causation. It is argued that this theory is well positioned to overcome some epistemological drawbacks in computational sociology. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Behind the Youthful Facade : The Church of Sweden Abroad and Its Older Visitors and Volunteers

This article addresses the role of the Church of Sweden Abroad, with its 45 parishes in foreign countries, for older Swedes who live or stay abroad, permanently or for long or short periods. The article is based on a research project comprising three studies: a qualitative study, an analysis of websites and information material, and an Internet-based survey. The results highlight the important role played by the parishes for older visitors, in terms of providing community, support, and religious services. However, people above the age of 65 were virtually invisible on the church websites and in other information material. This paradox is discussed and the concept of ageism is used in the analysis.
Screening for germline phosphatase and tensin homolog-mutations in suspected Cowden syndrome and Cowden syndrome-like families among uterine cancer patients

Cowden syndrome (CS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by multiple hamartomas in the breast, thyroid and endometrium, with a prevalence of 1 per 250,000. Females with CS have a 21-28% lifetime risk of developing uterine cancer. Germline mutations in the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene, a tumor suppressor gene, are responsible for 30-80% of CS cases. PTEN is a nine-exon gene, located on chromosome 10q23.3, which encodes the 403 amino acid PTEN protein. It negatively regulates the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, affecting various cellular processes and signaling pathways. The present study examined whether PTEN mutations are present in CS-like families with uterine cancer (UC). UC patients underwent surgery at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (2008-2012). Pedigrees were analyzed and 54 unrelated CS-like families were identified. CS-like families were defined as having at least one occurrence of uterine cancer and one of breast cancer, as well as at least one additional Cowden-associated tumor (uterine, breast, thyroid, colon or kidney cancer) in the same individual or in first-degree relatives. Genomic DNA was amplified using polymerase chain reaction, and DNA sequencing analysis of all nine exons of the PTEN gene was conducted. No germline PTEN mutations or polymorphisms were identified. Germline PTEN mutations are rare in CS-like families with uterine cancer, therefore, genetic screening must be restricted to patients that meet the strict National Comprehensive Cancer Network criteria. Gynecologists must be aware of the CS criteria and identify potential cases of CS in females where uterine cancer is the sentinel cancer.
Boundary Spanning Activities in Public Relations

A survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence of boundary spanning activities among public relations practitioners. The survey drew from previous measures of boundary spanning activities in the organizational behavior literature and added new items to index public relations practice. Six factors were derived in a factor analysis. All six boundary spanning factors were positively and significantly correlated with the public relations roles of Expert Prescriber, Communication Facilitator, and Process Facilitator. Comparisons were also made between the actual frequency of various roles and boundary spanning activities and practitioners' estimates of the ideal level of these activities.
Fine-Grain Adaptive Scheduling using Feedback

We describe an implementation of a fine-grain adaptive scheduling mechanism, based on software feedback. Conventional scheduling makes job assignment exclusively a function of time. We broaden the meaning of the term "scheduling" to include job assignment as a function of a sequence of events, such as timer interrupts, I/O operations, queue overflodunderflow, and system call traps. Our implementation of software feedback in the Synthesis operating system is analogous to the hardware phase locked loop. Very low overhead context switches and scheduling cost (a few microseconds on a 68020-based machine) makes this implementation useful to practical applications such as digital signal processing. Since scheduling actions and policy adjustments occur at very frne granularity (sub-millisecond intervals), Synthesis adaptive scheduling is very sensitive. Interesting applications of fine-grain adaptive scheduling include I/O device management, real-time schedul- ing, and distributed adaptive scheduling.
Korea's Globalization

1. Korea and globalization (Segyehwa): a framework for analysis Samuel S. Kim 2. Globalization and strategic choice in South Korea: economic reform and labor Barry K. Gills and Dongsook S. Gills 3. Globalization and workers in South Korea Yong Cheol Kim and Chung-in Moon 4. Segyehwa reform of the South Korean developmental state C. S. Eliot Kang 5. Globalization of the South Korean Chaebol Eun Mee Kim 6. Overcome by globalization? The rise of women's policy in South Korea Seungsook Moon 7. Strangers in the midst of globalization: migrant workers and Korean Nationalism Katherine H. S. Moon 8. South Korean Foreign relations faces the globalization challenges Chae-jin Lee 9. Segyehwa, the Republic of Korea, and the United Nations B. C. Koh 10. The security domain of South Korea's globalization Victor Cha 11. Korea's globalization drive: promise versus performance Samuel S. Kim.
Fusion Loop Peptide of the West Nile Virus Envelope Protein Is Essential for Pathogenesis and Is Recognized by a Therapeutic Cross-Reactive Human Monoclonal Antibody1

West Nile virus is an emerging pathogen that can cause fatal neurological disease. A recombinant human mAb, mAb11, has been described as a candidate for the prevention and treatment of West Nile disease. Using a yeast surface display epitope mapping assay and neutralization escape mutant, we show that mAb11 recognizes the fusion loop, at the distal end of domain II of the West Nile virus envelope protein. Ab mAb11 cross-reacts with all four dengue viruses and provides protection against dengue (serotypes 2 and 4) viruses. In contrast to the parental West Nile virus, a neutralization escape variant failed to cause lethal encephalitis (at higher infectious doses) or induce the inflammatory responses associated with blood-brain barrier permeability in mice, suggesting an important role for the fusion loop in viral pathogenesis. Our data demonstrate that an intact West Nile virus fusion loop is critical for virulence, and that human mAb11 targeting this region is efficacious against West Nile virus infection. These experiments define the molecular determinant on the envelope protein recognized by mAb11 and demonstrate the importance of this region in causing West Nile encephalitis.
How to Assess Transformative Performance towards Sustainable Development in Higher Education Institutions

This article highlights the role of sustainability appraisal for Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Traditional HEI appraisal systems lack a way to assess the integration of sustainability principles reflecting societal needs with the consequences of research, education and management of HEIs. Two appraisal systems are discussed. The Austrian Sustainability Award is a first national attempt for sustainability appraisal for HEIs. The Graz Model for Integrative Development provides a tool for analysing the involvement of people (staff, students as well as society) in transformative processes in higher education. Using the five principles of the Graz Model in sustainability appraisal overcomes the problem of not recognising the social impact of a HEI in its assessment. The model looks at how society is involved and its needs reflected in an institution’s research, management and outreach. Results of this paper can be used for the development of new sustainability appraisal systems and reflect on existing ones.