Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Human Antimicrobial Peptides Dermcidin and LL-37 Show Novel Distinct Pathways in Membrane Interactions

Mammals protect themselves from inflammation triggered by microorganisms through secretion of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). One mechanism by which AMPs kill bacterial cells is perforating their membranes. Membrane interactions and pore formation were investigated for α-helical AMPs leading to the formulation of three basic mechanistic models: the barrel stave, toroidal, and carpet model. One major drawback of these models is their simplicity. They do not reflect the real in vitro and in vivo conditions. To challenge and refine these models using a structure-based approach we set out to investigate how human cathelicidin (LL-37) and dermcidin (DCD) interact with membranes. Both peptides are α-helical and their structures have been solved at atomic resolution. DCD assembles in solution into a hexameric pre-channel complex before the actual membrane targeting and integration step can occur, and the complex follows a deviation of the barrel stave model. LL-37 interacts with lipids and shows the formation of oligomers generating fibril-like supramolecular structures on membranes. LL-37 further assembles into transmembrane pores with yet unknown structure expressing a deviation of the toroidal pore model. Both of their specific targeting mechanisms will be discussed in the context of the “old” models propagated in the literature.
Dose-Dependent Onset of Regenerative Program in Neutron Irradiated Mouse Skin

Background Tissue response to irradiation is not easily recapitulated by cell culture studies. The objective of this investigation was to characterize, the transcriptional response and the onset of regenerative processes in mouse skin irradiated with different doses of fast neutrons. Methodology/Principal Findings To monitor general response to irradiation and individual animal to animal variation, we performed gene and protein expression analysis with both pooled and individual mouse samples. A high-throughput gene expression analysis, by DNA oligonucleotide microarray was done with three months old C57Bl/6 mice irradiated with 0.2 and 1 Gy of mono-energetic 14 MeV neutron compared to sham irradiated controls. The results on 440 irradiation modulated genes, partially validated by quantitative real time RT-PCR, showed a dose-dependent up-regulation of a sub-class of keratin and keratin associated proteins, and members of the S100 family of Ca2+-binding proteins. Immunohistochemistry confirmed mRNA expression data enabled mapping of protein expression. Interestingly, proteins up-regulated in thickening epidermis: keratin 6 and S100A8 showed the most significant up-regulation and the least mouse-to-mouse variation following 0.2 Gy irradiation, in a concerted effort toward skin tissue regeneration. Conversely, mice irradiated at 1 Gy showed most evidence of apoptosis (Caspase-3 and TUNEL staining) and most 8-oxo-G accumulation at 24 h post-irradiation. Moreover, no cell proliferation accompanied 1 Gy exposure as shown by Ki67 immunohistochemistry. Conclusions/Significance The dose-dependent differential gene expression at the tissue level following in vivo exposure to neutron radiation is reminiscent of the onset of re-epithelialization and wound healing and depends on the proportion of cells carrying multiple chromosomal lesions in the entire tissue. Thus, this study presents in vivo evidence of a skin regenerative program exerted independently from DNA repair-associated pathways.
Human 1-D-myo-Inositol-3-phosphate Synthase Is Functional in Yeast*

We have cloned, sequenced, and expressed a human cDNA encoding 1-d-myo-inositol-3-phosphate (MIP) synthase (hINO1). The encoded 62-kDa human enzyme converted d-glucose 6-phosphate to 1-d-myo-inositol 3-phosphate, the rate-limiting step for de novo inositol biosynthesis. Activity of the recombinant human MIP synthase purified from Escherichia coli was optimal at pH 8.0 at 37 °C and exhibited Km values of 0.57 mm and 8 μm for glucose 6-phosphate and NAD+, respectively. \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}\) \end{document} and K+ were better activators than other cations tested (Na+, Li+, Mg2+, Mn2+), and Zn2+ strongly inhibited activity. Expression of the protein in the yeast ino1Δ mutant lacking MIP synthase (ino1Δ/hINO1) complemented the inositol auxotrophy of the mutant and led to inositol excretion. MIP synthase activity and intracellular inositol were decreased about 35 and 25%, respectively, when ino1Δ/hINO1 was grown in the presence of a therapeutically relevant concentration of the anti-bipolar drug valproate (0.6 mm). However, in vitro activity of purified MIP synthase was not inhibited by valproate at this concentration, suggesting that inhibition by the drug is indirect. Because inositol metabolism may play a key role in the etiology and treatment of bipolar illness, functional conservation of the key enzyme in inositol biosynthesis underscores the power of the yeast model in studies of this disorder.
Who's Afraid of the Boss: Cultural Differences in Social Hierarchies Modulate Self-Face Recognition in Chinese and Americans

Human adults typically respond faster to their own face than to the faces of others. However, in Chinese participants, this self-face advantage is lost in the presence of one's supervisor, and they respond faster to their supervisor's face than to their own. While this “boss effect” suggests a strong modulation of self-processing in the presence of influential social superiors, the current study examined whether this effect was true across cultures. Given the wealth of literature on cultural differences between collectivist, interdependent versus individualistic, independent self-construals, we hypothesized that the boss effect might be weaker in independent than interdependent cultures. Twenty European American college students were asked to identify orientations of their own face or their supervisors' face. We found that European Americans, unlike Chinese participants, did not show a “boss effect” and maintained the self-face advantage even in the presence of their supervisor's face. Interestingly, however, their self-face advantage decreased as their ratings of their boss's perceived social status increased, suggesting that self-processing in Americans is influenced more by one's social status than by one's hierarchical position as a social superior. In addition, when their boss's face was presented with a labmate's face, American participants responded faster to the boss's face, indicating that the boss may represent general social dominance rather than a direct negative threat to oneself, in more independent cultures. Altogether, these results demonstrate a strong cultural modulation of self-processing in social contexts and suggest that the very concept of social positions, such as a boss, may hold markedly different meanings to the self across Western and East Asian cultures.
Skeletal Muscle Glycogen Loss Evoked by Resistance Exercise

Biopsies were taken from the left m. vastus lateralis of 9 young men and analyzed for mixed muscle and for single fiber glycogen to infer recruitment, especially among fast-twitch subtypes, during knee extensions with loads of 30, 45, and 60% of 1-repetition maximum. The relative decline in mixed muscle glycogen was related to relative exercise load, as were the percentage of fast-twitch fibers showing glycogen loss and the relative cross-sectional area (CSA) of m. vastus lateralis occupied by type Ha or by fast-twitch fibers that showed glycogen loss (p ≤ 0.0478, r ≥ 0.50). The relative decline in mixed m. vastus lateralis glycogen was related to the percentage of both fast-twitch fibers and type Ha fibers, and the relative CSA of m. vastus lateralis occupied by type IIa fibers that showed glycogen loss (p ≤ 0.0436, r ≥ 0.51). Type I and IIa fibers were used for all 3 bouts. Type IIab + IIb fibers showed glycogen loss for the heaviest load. The results suggest that mixed muscle glycogen loss is related to load, mainly due to fast fiber usage. It also appears that the general understanding put forth for cycling and running—that fast-twitch fiber type use depends on exercise intensity—holds for resistance exercise. Because type IIab + IIb fibers showed glycogen loss at loads of 60% of maximum, it is suggested that fast-twitch subtypes are used at lower loads than generally appreciated.
Artificial asymmetric warming reduces nectar yield in a Tibetan alpine species of Asteraceae.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Asymmetric warming is one of the distinguishing features of global climate change, in which winter and night-time temperatures are predicted to increase more than summer and diurnal temperatures. Winter warming weakens vernalization and hence decreases the potential to flower for some perennial herbs, and night warming can reduce carbohydrate concentrations in storage organs. This study therefore hypothesized that asymmetric warming should act to reduce flower number and nectar production per flower in a perennial herb, Saussurea nigrescens, a key nectar plant for pollinators in Tibetan alpine meadows. METHODS A long-term (6 years) warming experiment was conducted using open-top chambers placed in a natural meadow and manipulated to achieve asymmetric increases in temperature, as follows: a mean annual increase of 0·7 and 2·7 °C during the growing and non-growing seasons, respectively, combined with an increase of 1·6 and 2·8 °C in the daytime and night-time, respectively, from June to August. Measurements were taken of nectar volume and concentration (sucrose content), and also of leaf non-structural carbohydrate content and plant morphology. KEY RESULTS Six years of experimental warming resulted in reductions in nectar volume per floret (64·7 % of control), floret number per capitulum (8·7 %) and capitulum number per plant (32·5 %), whereas nectar concentration remained unchanged. Depletion of leaf non-structural carbohydrates was significantly higher in the warmed than in the ambient condition. Overall plant density was also reduced by warming, which, when combined with reductions in flower development and nectar volumes, led to a reduction of ∼90 % in nectar production per unit area. CONCLUSIONS The negative effect of asymmetric warming on nectar yields in S. nigrescens may be explained by a concomitant depletion of leaf non-structural carbohydrates. The results thus highlight a novel aspect of how climate change might affect plant-pollinator interactions and plant reproduction via induction of allocation shifts for plants growing in communities subject to asymmetric warming.
A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF BURNOUT IN TEACHERS

Summary. The purpose of this study was to look at burnout over one school year. Six hundred and forty teachers in 80 middle, upper, high schools and sixth form college in one Local Education Authority were sent a questionnaire in September, 1987, February, 1988 and June, 1988. Each questionnaire contained the Maslach Burnout Inventory to assess burnout at three stages of the year, as well as other scales unique to that questionnaire. Results showed no significant correlations nor differences between burnout at the three times of year, although for most teachers highest burnout was found in February. Profile analysis showed more teachers increased than decreased burnout over the year. A large percentage stayed at the same level. Some teachers showed a different pattern over the year. The direction of change (if any) was not necessarily the same between the three administrations of the questionnaire. Thus, burnout was not always a process of “wearing down” over time; some teachers rejuvenated over the year. Because there was no consistency in the development of burnout over time, steps cannot be taken to reduce burnout based on an established pattern. Individual ways of reducing or eliminating burnout have to be found.
Tissue deoxygenation kinetics induced by prolonged hypoxic exposure in healthy humans at rest

Abstract. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sustained hypoxic exposure on cerebral and muscle oxygenation and cardiorespiratory function at rest. Eleven healthy subjects inhaled a normobaric hypoxic (FiO2=0.12) or normoxic (FiO2=0.21) gas mixture for 4 h at rest, on two separated blinded sessions. Arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate variability (HRV), end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2), and oxygenation of quadriceps muscle, prefrontal and motor cortices assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were measured continuously during each session. Acute mountain sickness symptoms were evaluated at the end of each session. During a hypoxic session, SpO2 reduction (∼13%) plateaued after 20 min, while deoxygenation pattern took 30 to 40 min at the cerebral sites to plateau (+5.3±1.6 μMol of deoxygenated-hemoglobin). Deoxygenation was more pronounced in the cerebral cortex compared to the muscle (+2.1±2.3 μMol of deoxygenated-hemoglobin), and NIRS-derived tissue perfusion index showed distinct profiles between the muscle (hypoperfusion) and the brain (hyperperfusion) with prolonged hypoxia. Changes in tissue oxygenation were not associated with cardiorespiratory responses (e.g., HRV, EtCO2) and altitude sickness symptom appearance during hypoxic sessions. These data demonstrate that sustained hypoxia elicits time delay in changes between arterial and tissue (especially cerebral) oxygenation, as well as a tissue-specific sensitivity.
Bridging Theory and Practice: Conceptual Understanding of Treatments for Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Autism, and Depression

Serves as an introduction to a special edition of the journal on bridging theory and clinical practice for childhood disorders. Issues concerning the current trend of developing and evaluating new treatments devoid of a theoretical perspective are discussed. A conceptual model of child psychopathology is presented to illustrate the relevance and interplay between theory and the design and evaluation of treatments with particular emphasis on the selection and measurement of target behaviors. The means by which theory and empirical evidence interact and their relevance to understanding particular childhood disorders are discussed and emphasize the need for theoretical and conceptual models that describe the linkages among hypothesized brain substrates, cognitive function, behavior, and the environment to augment the development of potent biological and psychological interventions.
The symptom cluster experience profile framework.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To present the novel Symptom Cluster Experience Profile (SCEP) framework for guiding symptom research in adult survivors of childhood cancers and other subgroups at risk for high symptom burden. DATA SOURCES Empirically derived model of symptom cluster experience profiles, existing theoretical frameworks, and data-based literature on symptoms and quality of life in adult survivors of childhood cancers. DATA SYNTHESIS In a previous study, the authors generated a preliminary model to characterize subgroups of adult survivors of childhood cancers with high-risk symptom cluster profiles. The authors developed the SCEP framework, which depicts symptom cluster experiences as subgroup-specific profiles that are driven by multiple sets of risk and protective factors. The risk and protective factors may directly and indirectly contribute to or alleviate symptoms through their effects on systemic stress. Systemic stress instigates and sustains the symptom experience that, in turn, is expressed through negative diffusion into other components of quality of life, such as functional status, general health perceptions, and overall quality of life. CONCLUSIONS The SCEP framework is an initial approach to unbundle the complex heterogeneity that underlies the clustering of symptoms. By measuring a wide range of risk and protective factors in future studies of adult survivors of childhood cancers and other subgroups at risk for high symptom burden, further development and validation of the SCEP framework will occur. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING The SCEP framework can be used to specify mechanisms underlying symptom cluster profiles and derive interventions targeted to high-risk symptom profiles. Findings from future studies can be translated to risk-based surveillance and symptom management clinical practice guidelines.
Behavioural Outcomes of Psychological Contract Breach in a Non-Western Culture: The Moderating Role of Equity Sensitivity

This study tests the effects of psychological contract breach on several employee outcomes: workplace deviant behaviours directed at the organization (WD-O) and its organizational members (WD-I), in-role performance, and organizational citizenship behaviours directed at the organization (OCB-O) and its co-workers (OCB-I). It also examines the moderating effects of equity sensitivity in the relationship between breach and these outcomes. Data were collected from 162 sales executives and their direct supervisors. We found that breach was related to all behavioural outcomes. Equity sensitivity and breach also interacted in predicting OCB-I, OCB-O and WD-I. The negative relationships between breach and OCB-O and OCB-I were stronger for employees with an outcome-focused approach to organizational relationships than for those with an input-focused approach. In addition, breach had stronger positive effects on WD-I especially for those individuals who are output-oriented compared to those who are input-focused.
A critical appreciation of the “bottom-up” approach to sustainable water management: embracing complexity rather than desirability

Abstract There has been a growing backlash against top-down approaches to environmental management throughout the world because of its tendency to prioritise and solely appreciate professional and scientific “expert” knowledge. This lends the approach a potentially exclusive and paternalistic nature, which can be alienating to local people and their internal resource management schemes. Hence there has been a growing acceptance of bottom-up approaches that characteristically both appreciate and incorporate local people and their local knowledge, skills, needs and experiences (National Capital Development Commission, Government and community involvement in the planning and development of Canberra, Canberra 1977; Hickey and Mohan, Towards participation as transformation: critical themes and challenges, in: Hickey and Mohan, Participation: from tyranny to transformation? Exploring new approaches to participation in development, London: Zed Books 2004; Tsing et al., Community as conservation: raising questions, in: Brosius et al., Communities and conservation: histories and politics of community-based natural resource management, New York: AltaMira Press 2005). However, whilst the top-down approach certainly has its limitations, so too does the bottom-up approach. Problematic aspects of the bottom-up participatory approach need to be critically analysed and appreciated so as not to fall into the trap of romanticising and essentialising the grassroots movement. Therefore, this article explores four fundamental critiques of the participatory bottom-up approach, including tokenism (McIvor, Community participation in water management experiences from Zimbabwe, Frankfurt: DSE 2000), the myths of “communities” as coherent and cohesive bodies (Nicholson and Schreiner, Community participation in city decision making, Milton Keynes, UK: Open University Press 1973; Guijt and Shah, The myth of community: gender issues in participatory development, London: Intermediate Technology 1998), the fundamental lack of resources (Cleaver, Institutions, agency and the limitations of participatory approaches to development, in: Cooke and Kothari, Participation – the new tyranny? , London: Zed Books 2001) and the often critical lack of knowledge about the actual process and how to successfully facilitate it (Carr, Grass roots & green tape: principles and practices of environmental stewardship, Sydney: Federation Press 2002). Whilst the focus of this article is a critical analysis of the bottom-up approach, the aim is to encourage critical reflection, so that the potential limitations of the approach can be appropriately appreciated and addressed.
Cohesion and Work Output

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationship between group cohesion and individual work output (effort) in sport teams. Results showed that athletes who scored high on the Individual Attractions to the Group Task (AGT-T) Scale from the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ) worked harder (predicted from a bag of expired air at the end of training and expressed as apercentage relative to the maximal volume of oxygen consumption) than athletes who scored low on the ATG-T The results extend previous research that has shown that cohesion is positively associated with individual adherence in sport teams and exercise classes. Recommendations forfuture research are discussed.
Deployment of drug‐eluting stents for isolated proximal lad disease is associated with lower major adverse cardiac events and no increase in stent thrombosis when compared with bare metal stents: A 5‐year observational cohort study

Drug‐eluting stents (DES) may be associated with an increased risk of late stent thrombosis (ST) compared with bare metal stents (BMS). We compared major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and long term all cause mortality in patients with isolated proximal LAD disease treated with DES or BMS.
Does Publicity Outperform Advertising? An Experimental Test of the Third-Party Endorsement

The claim made in public relations that editorial content has greater value than an advertisement of the same size was tested. Results of an infomation-processing experiment indicate there may be some basis for claiming that a third- party endorsement by editorial staff adds credence to editorial copy. I found that moderate better recognition memory for editorial content than for one type of advertisement was not significantly eroded by a 2-week delay. However, when making claims that publicity outperforms advertising, public relations practitioners should bear in mind that advertisements used in this study were in advertorial format. Further study is needed to determine how the credibility of publicity performs against the broad array of persuasive appeals available in display advertisements (visual effects, humor, sex appeal, emotional impact, etc.).
A review of high grazing angle sea-clutter

This paper reviews the published literature on the characteristics of mono-static radar sea-clutter observed with high grazing angles (typically above about 10°). To date, most of the analysis and modelling of sea-clutter has been undertaken at low grazing angles with the main application being for surface and airborne maritime radars. The paper identifies some of the data sets that have been collected and the empirical models that have been developed from them for the normalised radar cross-section. The amplitude statistics and Doppler spectra of high grazing angle clutter are reviewed and the implications for radar design and target detection are discussed.