Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early life stress is associated with default system integrity and emotionality during infancy.

BACKGROUND Extensive animal research has demonstrated the vulnerability of the brain to early life stress (ELS) with consequences for emotional development and mental health. However, the influence of moderate and common forms of stress on early human brain development is less well-understood and precisely characterized. To date, most work has focused on severe forms of stress, and/or on brain functioning years after stress exposure. METHODS In this report we focused on conflict between parents (interparental conflict), a common and relatively moderate form of ELS that is highly relevant for children's mental health outcomes. We used resting state functional connectivity MRI to examine the coordinated functioning of the infant brain (N = 23; 6-12-months-of-age) in the context of interparental conflict. We focused on the default mode network (DMN) due to its well-characterized developmental trajectory and implications for mental health. We further examined DMN strength as a mediator between conflict and infants' negative emotionality. RESULTS Higher interparental conflict since birth was associated with infants showing stronger connectivity between two core DMN regions, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the anterior medial prefrontal cortex (aMPFC). PCC to amygdala connectivity was also increased. Stronger PCC-aMPFC connectivity mediated between higher conflict and higher negative infant emotionality. CONCLUSIONS The developing DMN may be an important marker for effects of ELS with relevance for emotional development and subsequent mental health. Increasing understanding of the associations between common forms of family stress and emerging functional brain networks has potential to inform intervention efforts to improve mental health outcomes.
Effect of Geometric Parameters of Perspective on Judgements of Spatial Information

15 university students performed an exocentric judgement task in which they estimated the azimuth and elevation separating two computer-generated cubes, using a perspective display. The perspective displays were created by varying two geometric parameters of perspective, the geometric field of view and station-point distance. Further, the radial distance separating the computer-generated images was varied. Analysis indicated that azimuth errors varied as a function of geometric field of view, radial distance, and station-point distance, while elevation errors varied as a function of geometric field of view and radial distance.
Abusive supervision and turnover intentions: The mediating role of perceived organisational support

Abstract Abusive supervision has a significant impact on employee turnover intentions. An underexplored factor in this area is the influence of support: we test perceived organisational support as a mediator. The present study utilised data from three distinct populations within New Zealand: (1) ethnically diverse blue-collar workers, (2) Māori (the indigenous people of New Zealand) employees, and (3) Chinese employees working within New Zealand. Structural equation modelling from the combined sample of 432 respondents (in total) showed that the indirect-effects model fit the data best, where abusive supervision was positively related to turnover intentions and negatively towards perceived organisational support; while support was negatively related to turnover intentions. Our findings bear out the notion that organisational support mediates the influence of abusive supervision on turnover intentions, highlighting the effect of organisational influence within this area. By exploring these relationships on three distinct populations, this study improves the generalisability of the related theories.
Results from the ARTEMIS DISK Global Antifungal Surveillance Study, 1997 to 2007: a 10.5-Year Analysis of Susceptibilities of Candida Species to Fluconazole and Voriconazole as Determined by CLSI Standardized Disk Diffusion

ABSTRACT Fluconazole in vitro susceptibility test results for 256,882 isolates of Candida spp. were collected from 142 sites in 41 countries from June 1997 to December 2007. Data were collected for 197,619 isolates tested with voriconazole from 2001 to 2007. A total of 31 different species of Candida were isolated. Increased rates of isolation of the common non-albicans species C. glabrata (10.2% to 11.7%), C. tropicalis (5.4% to 8.0%), and C. parapsilosis (4.8% to 5.6%) were noted when the time periods 1997 to 2000 and 2005 to 2007 were compared. Investigators tested clinical isolates of Candida spp. by the CLSI M44-A disk diffusion method. Overall, 90.2% of Candida isolates tested were susceptible (S) to fluconazole; however, 13 of 31 species identified exhibited decreased susceptibility (<75% S), similar to that seen with the resistant (R) species C. glabrata and C. krusei. Among 197,619 isolates of Candida spp. tested against voriconazole, 95.0% were S and 3% were R. About 30% of fluconazole-R isolates of C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. rugosa, C. lipolytica, C. pelliculosa, C. apicola, C. haemulonii, C. humicola, C. lambica, and C. ciferrii remained S to voriconazole. An increase in fluconazole resistance over time was seen with C. parapsilosis, C. guilliermondii, C. lusitaniae, C. sake, and C. pelliculosa. Among the emerging fluconazole-R species were C. guilliermondii (11.4% R), C. inconspicua (53.2% R), C. rugosa (41.8% R), and C. norvegensis (40.7% R). The rates of isolation of C. rugosa, C. inconspicua, and C. norvegensis increased by 5- to 10-fold over the 10.5-year study period. C. guilliermondii and C. rugosa were most prominent in Latin America, whereas C. inconspicua and C. norvegensis were most common in Eastern European countries. This survey identifies several less-common species of Candida with decreased susceptibility to azoles. These organisms may pose a future threat to optimal antifungal therapy and underscore the importance of prompt and accurate species identification and antifungal susceptibility testing.
Changes of urinary angiotensinogen concentration and its association with urinary proteins in diabetic rats.

OBJECTIVE It had been reported that angiotensinogen might be a marker for activation of renin-angiotensin system, which was associated with the development of diabetic nephropathy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional roles of AGT in DN in vitro. METHODS Diabetic rat models were built by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The diabetic rats were divided into three groups, two of the three groups were treated with different doses of losartan, the other diabetic group was as control and normal rats acted as healthy control. In a 12-week investigation, we detected the changes of AGT in all rats' blood and urine and the association between AGT concentration and RAS activation and urinary proteins were analyzed in this study. RESULTS The serum AGT of rats had no significant differences (P>0.05 for all). The urinary AGT of the diabetic rats was significantly different from the control group, moreover, the urinary AGT of the diabetic rats under different treatments was also obviously different (P<0.05 for all). Besides, the results of immunohistochemical assay indicated that AGT expression level was correlated with renal tissues damage. The level of AGT was positively associated with urinary protein (r=0.493, P<0.01) and negatively correlated with CCr (r=-0.474, P=0.007) and the dose of ARB (r=-0.575, P=0.001). Moreover, the dose of ARB was independently associated with urinary AGT (B=-2.963, P=0.024) in diabetic rats. CONCLUSION Urinary AGT may be a marker for the activation of local RAS in kidney and independently associated with ARB.
The polo-like kinase Plx 1 is required for M phase exit and destruction of mitotic regulators in Xenopus egg extracts

Polo-like kinases (Plks), named after the Drosophila gene product polo, have been implicated in the regulation of multiple aspects of mitotic progression, including the activation of the Cdc25 phosphatase, bipolar spindle formation and cytokinesis. Genetic analyses performed in yeast and Drosophila suggest a function for Plks at late stages of mitosis, but biochemical data to support such a function in vertebrate organisms are lacking. Here we have taken advantage of Xenopus egg extracts for exploring the function of Plx1, a Xenopus Plk, during the cell cycle transition from M phase to interphase (I phase). We found that the addition of a catalytically inactive Plx1 mutant to M phase-arrested egg extracts blocked their Ca2 -induced release into interphase. Concomitantly, the proteolytic destruction of several targets of the anaphase-promoting complex and the inactivation of the Cdc2 protein kinase (Cdk1) were prevented. Moreover, the M to I phase transition could be abolished by immunodepletion of Plx1, but was restored upon the addition of recombinant Plx1. These results demonstrate that the exit of egg extracts from M phase arrest requires active Plx1, and they strongly suggest an important role for Plx1 in the activation of the proteolytic machinery that controls the exit from mitosis.
A fresh look at the Ramachandran plot and the occurrence of standard structures in proteins

Abstract The Ramachandran plot is among the most central concepts in structural biology, seen in publications and textbooks alike. However, with the increasing numbers of known protein structures and greater accuracy of ultra-high resolution protein structures, we are still learning more about the basic principles of protein structure. Here, we use high-fidelity conformational information to explore novel ways, such as geo-style and wrapped Ramachandran plots, to convey some of the basic aspects of the Ramachandran plot and of protein conformation. We point out the pressing need for a standard nomenclature for peptide conformation and propose such a nomenclature. Finally, we summarize some recent conceptual advances related to the building blocks of protein structure. The results for linear groups imply the need for substantive revisions in how the basics of protein structure are handled.
Ethics In Accounting Education: Contribution Of The Islamic Principle Of Maslahah

There is a growing concern over the apparently low moral standards of some accountants and an increasing number of academics who suggest that the education system should bear some of the blame. Ethical components in accounting education have been found to be insufficient and there is a lack of emphasis on humanizing accountants. The objective of this paper is firstly to address the importance of ethics in accounting education and evaluate the development of literature in this area. Secondly, the paper argues for the direction of accounting education to focus on religious ethical development and values in developing accounting ethics. The paper argues that the Islamic worldview and ethics perspective can provide some insights into the process of developing a more humanized and ethical accountant. This paper proposes the Islamic legal principle of ma§lauah as an ethical filtering mechanism to be taught as part of the ethical accounting education process. This is aimed at providing awareness to accounting students and accountants on the process to resolve ethical conflicts. The study of Islamic worldview and ethics provides a different ethical dimension on accounting education. Here, the debates on ethics in accounting education need to start with values, not on codes of professional conduct, and on responsibilities, not on rules.
The ISGRI CdTe gamma camera in-flight performance

The International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL) soft gamma-ray imager (ISGRI) is the first large CdTe gamma camera ever built. It has provided faultless operations in space since the launch of INTEGRAL in October 2002. Here we give a general presentation of the system and pay particular attention to the noisy pixel handling. The observed effect of charged particles on the detectors and their integrated electronics is also presented. The in-flight detector evolution is detailed and the camera performance is reviewed
Elevated circulating Th17 and follicular helper CD4+ T cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

It remains not fully elucidated the potential functions of Th17 cells and follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and secreting cytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and their association with disease activity. In this study, the frequencies of Th17 and Tfh cells were determined by flow cytometry, and the levels of interleukin (IL)‐17, IL‐21, and IL‐22 were measured by ELISA in RA patients with different disease activities. The dynamic changes of cell subsets were also detected in response to disease‐modify antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) therapy. The percentages of CD3+CD4+IL‐17A+ (Th17) cells and CD3+CD4+CXCR5+ICOShigh (Tfh) cells, as well as the concentrations of IL‐17, IL‐21, and IL‐22 were significantly elevated in RA patients than those in healthy individuals. Furthermore, Tfh cells, IL‐21, and IL‐22 in the serum was positively correlated with the values of disease activity score. Concentrations of IL‐21 and IL‐22 in the serum were remarkably reduced following the DMARDs therapies. Our data suggested that Th17 cells, Tfh cells as well as the secreting cytokines may be involved in the pathogenesis of RA. The frequency of circulating Tfh cells and the productions of IL‐21 and IL‐22 were associated with the disease activity of RA patients, and might be potential therapeutic targets for treatment of RA.
Phylogeography and molecular rates of subterranean aquatic Stenasellid Isopods with a peri‐Tyrrhenian distribution

The subterranean Isopods belonging to the genus Stenasellus have an interesting disjunct distribution in the peri‐Tyrrhenian area with morphologically closely related taxa occurring in Sardinia, Corsica, Tuscany and in the Pyrenees phreatic and interstitial waters. Because the dispersal capacities of these organisms are limited, their distribution has been associated traditionally with the tectonic events leading to the separation of the Sardinia–Corsica microplate from the Pyrenees and its subsequent movement towards the Italian peninsula. We sequenced a fragment of the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) for multiple populations of the S. racovitzai species‐group (Corsica, Sardinia, Tuscany) and S. virei (Pyrenees). We found that multiple phylogenetic analyses always gave the same topology, which is consistent with the genetic relations found using allozyme data, and with the palaeogeography of the area. The molecular data suggest that a combination of vicariance and dispersal events explain most effectively the present distribution pattern of these organisms. We also calculated COI rates and calibrated them against absolute time, taking advantage of the availability of two geologically based time estimates. Rates on all substitutions are similar to those published for other crustaceans for the same COI fragment, including taxonomically and ecologically distant groups. Rates on third codon positions or on transversions are generally lower than those found in other crustaceans.
Injection Laryngoplasty Using Micronized Acellular Dermis for Vocal Fold Paralysis

Objectives Micronized acellular dermis has been used for nearly 15 years to correct glottic insufficiency. With previous demonstration of safety and efficacy, this study aims to evaluate intermediate and long-term voice outcomes in those who underwent injection laryngoplasty for unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Technique and timing of injection were also reviewed to assess their impact on outcomes. Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting Tertiary care center. Subjects and Methods Patients undergoing injection laryngoplasty from May 2007 to September 2012 were reviewed for possible inclusion. Pre- and postoperative Voice Handicap Index (VHI) scores, as well as senior speech-language pathologists’ blinded assessment of voice, were collected for analysis. The final sample included patients who underwent injection laryngoplasty for unilateral vocal fold paralysis, 33 of whom had VHI results and 37 of whom had voice recordings. Additional data were obtained, including technique and timing of injection. Results Analysis was performed on those patients above with VHI and perceptual voice grades before and at least 6 months following injection. Mean VHI improved by 28.7 points at 6 to 12 months and 22.8 points at >12 months (P = .001). Mean perceptual voice grades improved by 17.6 points at 6 to 12 months and 16.3 points at >12 months (P < .001). No statistically significant difference was found with technique or time to injection. Conclusion Micronized acellular dermis is a safe injectable that improved both patient-completed voice ratings and blinded reviewer voice gradings at intermediate and long-term follow-up. Further investigation may be warranted regarding technique and timing of injection.
The centrality of politeia for Aristotle’s Politics: Aristotle’s continuing significance for social and political science

Political theorists today are addressing issues of global concern confronting state systems and in so doing are often forced to confront the concept of Homo sapiens as a ‘political animal’. Thus theorists considering Aristotle’s Politics attempt to transcend his polis-centric focus and make the case that Aristotle offers ways to address these global concerns by focusing on Empire. This article, contra Dietz et al., argues that Aristotle’s political science is first and foremost a science of politeia and that this approach to the operation and working of political systems is far superior to recent attempts at regime analysis in comparative politics. Thus Aristotle’s mode of examining political systems offers much fruit for those interested in approaching political phenomena with precision and depth as diverse manifestations of the political communities formed by the species Aristotle called the ‘political animal’. From this perspective, focusing on the politeia constituting each political community permits an analysis of contemporary transformations of political life without distorting what is being analyzed.
Seasonal variations of semidiurnal tidal perturbations in mesopause region temperature and zonal and meridional winds above Fort Collins, Colorado (40.6°N, 105.1°W)

[1] On the basis of Colorado State University (CSU) Na lidar observations over full diurnal cycles from May 2002 to April 2006, a harmonic analysis was performed to extract semidiurnal perturbations in mesopause region temperature and zonal and meridional winds over Fort Collins, Colorado (40.6°N, 105.1°W). The observed monthly results are in good agreement with MF radar tidal climatology for Urbana, Illinois, and with predictions of the Hamburg Model of the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere (HAMMONIA), sampled at the CSU Na lidar coordinates. The observed semidiurnal tidal period perturbation within the mesopause region is found to be dominated by propagating modes in winter and equinoctial months with a combined vertical wavelength varying from 50 km to almost 90 km and by a mode with evanescent behavior and longer vertical wavelength (100–150 km) in summer months, most likely due to dominance of (2, 2) and (2, 3) tidal (Hough) modes. The observed semidiurnal tidal amplitude shows strong seasonal variation, with a large amplitude during the winter months, with a higher growth rate above ∼85–90 km, and minimal amplitudes during the summer months. Maximum tidal amplitudes over 50 m/s for wind and 12 K for temperature occur during fall equinox. A detailed comparison with HAMMONIA predictions shows excellent agreement in semidiurnal phases. HAMMONIA-predicted semidiurnal amplitudes generally agree well with observations; however, HOMMONIA underestimates temperature amplitudes in some of the nonsummer months as well as zonal wind and meridional wind amplitudes in April and September but overestimates them in February. To reveal the effects of the atmospheric background on vertical propagation of tidal modes and their relative importance in the composite semidiurnal tide during different seasons, we use the lidar-observed monthly mean temperature and zonal wind from the same data set as well as HAMMONIA output to calculate the vertical wave number seasonal variations of the major tidal modes of the migrating semidiurnal tide. This leads to a qualitative understanding of the lidar-observed and HAMMONIA-predicted seasonal variation of the semidiurnal tidal perturbation.
Chromosome identification in the Andean common bean accession G19833 (Phaseolus vulgaris L., Fabaceae)

Characterization of all chromosomes of the Andean G19833 bean genotype was carried out by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Eleven single-copy genomic sequences, one for each chromosome, two BACs containing subtelomeric and pericentromeric repeats and the 5S and 45S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were used as probes. Comparison to the Mesoamerican accession BAT93 showed little divergence, except for additional 45S rDNA sites in four chromosome pairs. Altogether, the results indicated a relative karyotypic stability during the evolution of the Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools of P. vulgaris.
Validation of a brief implicit association test of stigma: schizophrenia and dangerousness

Abstract Background: Public perception of the link between schizophrenia and violence is exaggerated, and interventions are emerging that attempt to educate the public about the actual relationship between violence and schizophrenia. The effectiveness of programs targeting this dangerousness stereotype is unknown, however, as existing instruments do not capture a complete, unbiased picture of stigma. Aims: To report on the properties of the Brief Implicit Association Test-Schizophrenia Danger (BIAT-SD), which we developed to capture the implicit perception that people with schizophrenia are dangerous. Methods: We used a multi-trait, multi-method protocol to validate the BIAT-SD based on convergent and discriminant data from undergraduates (n = 97) at baseline and 4-weeks. Results: Preliminary evidence was found for construct validity, internal consistency, and 30-min retest stability. Conclusions: Potential benefits and implications of the measure to improving the accuracy of stigma measurement are discussed.
The role of social networks in online shopping: information passing, price of trust, and consumer choice

While social interactions are critical to understanding consumer behavior, the relationship between social and commerce networks has not been explored on a large scale. We analyze Taobao, a Chinese consumer marketplace that is the world's largest e-commerce website. What sets Taobao apart from its competitors is its integrated instant messaging tool, which buyers can use to ask sellers about products or ask other buyers for advice. In our study, we focus on how an individual's commercial transactions are embedded in their social graphs. By studying triads and the directed closure process, we quantify the presence of information passing and gain insights into when different types of links form in the network. Using seller ratings and review information, we then quantify a price of trust. How much will a consumer pay for transaction with a trusted seller? We conclude by modeling this consumer choice problem: if a buyer wishes to purchase a particular product, how does (s)he decide which store to purchase it from? By analyzing the performance of various feature sets in an information retrieval setting, we demonstrate how the social graph factors into understanding consumer behavior.