Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Concurrent multipath transfer using transport layer multihoming: performance under varying bandwidth proportions

We have previously specified three algorithms for the stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) resulting in CMT/sub scd/ - a protocol that uses SCTP's multihoming feature for correctly transferring data between multihomed end hosts using multiple separate end-to-end paths. In this paper, we evaluate CMT/sub scd/ against AppStripe (application-striping) under uniform losses varying from 0 to 10 percent. We also present results encouraging the use of multiple paths in lossy networks such as battlefield networks. In this work, we operate under the strong assumptions that the receiver's advertised window does not constrain the sender, and that the bottleneck queues on the end-to-end paths used in CMT are independent of each other.
Real Rigidity, Nominal Rigidity, and the Social Value of Information

Does welfare improve when firms are better informed about the state of the economy and can thus better coordinate their production and pricing decisions? We address this question in an elementary business-cycle model that highlights how the dispersion of information can impede both kinds of decisions and, in this sense, be the source of both real and nominal rigidity. Within this context we develop a taxonomy for how the social value of information depends on the two rigidities, on the sources of the business cycle, and on the conduct of monetary policy. (JEL D21, D82, D83, E32, E52)
Frontal and Temporal Dopamine Release during Working Memory and Attention Tasks in Healthy Humans: a Positron Emission Tomography Study Using the High-Affinity Dopamine D2 Receptor Ligand [11C]FLB 457

Experimental studies on animals have shown that dopamine is a key neurotransmitter in the regulation of working memory (WM) functions in the prefrontal cortex. In humans, blood flow studies show prefrontal involvement in WM functions, but direct evidence for the involvement of the dopaminergic system in WM is lacking. Using positron emission tomography with a recently developed high-affinity dopamine D2 receptor tracer, [11C]FLB 457, we explored frontal, temporal, and parietal D2 receptor availability in 12 healthy volunteers while they were performing verbal WM and sustained attention tasks. During the performance of both tasks, reduced D2 receptor availability was observed in the left ventral anterior cingulate, suggesting an attention or arousal-related increase in dopamine release during these tasks. Compared with the sustained attention task, the verbal WM task reduced D2 receptor availability in the ventrolateral frontal cortex bilaterally and in the left medial temporal structures (amygdala, hippocampus), suggesting that dopamine release in these regions might have a specific role in WM. In addition, correlation analyses indicated that increased dopamine release in the right ventrolateral frontal cortex and the left ventral anterior cingulate during the WM task was associated with faster and more stable WM performance, respectively. Our results indicate that regionally specific components of the frontotemporal dopaminergic network are functionally involved in WM performance in humans.
Residual implications derived from uninorms satisfying Modus Ponens

Modus Ponens is a key property for fuzzy implication functions that are going to be used in fuzzy inference processes. In this paper it is investigated when fuzzy implication functions derived from uninorms via residuation, usually called RUimplications, satisfy the modus ponens with respect to a continuous t-norm T, or equivalently, when they are T-conditionals. For RU-implications it is proved that T-conditionality only depends on the underlying t-norm TU of the uninorm U used to derive the residual implication and this fact leads to a lot of new solutions of the Modus Ponens property. Along the paper the particular cases when the uninorm lies in any of the most usual classes of uninorms are considered.
Superconformal quantum mechanics of small black holes

Recently, Gaiotto, Strominger and Yin have proposed a holographic dual description for the near-horizon physics of certain N = 2 black holes in terms of the superconformal quantum mechanics on D0-branes in the attractor geometry. We provide further evidence for their proposal by applying it to the case of `small' black holes which have vanishing horizon area in the leading supergravity approximation. We consider 2-charge black holes in type IIA on T2 × M, where M can be either K3 or T4, made up out of D0-branes and D4-branes wrapping M. We construct the corresponding superconformal quantum mechanics and show that the asymptotic growth of chiral primaries exactly matches with the known entropy of these black holes. The state-counting problem reduces to counting lowest Landau levels on T2 and Dolbeault cohomology classes on M.
Motives for prescription stimulant use by patterns of non-medical use

ABSTRACT Background: Understanding motivations behind non-medical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS) is important to prevent such use. Methods: Adult participants from St. Louis, MO, who endorsed NMUPS on 5 or more days in the past 12 months (n = 60) were asked about their motivations for use. Associations between motives for use and patterns of non-medical use in the past 12 months were assessed using multivariable logistic regression, controlling for demographic factors and non-medical use of other prescription drugs. Results: On average, 5.5 different motives for stimulant use were endorsed. Compared to those who only used someone else’s stimulants, adults who only used stimulants other than prescribed were less likely to endorse use “to get high” (aOR = 0.48, 95%CI 0.26–0.90) and more likely to endorse use “to function” (aOR = 1.97, 95%CI 1.04–3.75); adults who were engaged in both patterns of NMUPS were more likely to endorse use “to function” (aOR = 4.12, 95%CI 1.56–10.88) and “to modify the effects of other drugs” (aOR = 2.29, 95%CI 1.13–4.61). Conclusion: Although using stimulants for performance enhancement is common, most people who used diverted stimulants reported using stimulants to get high. Prevention and harm reduction strategies should consider these differences.
Comparative chemistry of diffuse clouds. IV: CH

We observed the 3335 MHz ( 9 cm) F = 1-1 line of CH toward a sample of diuse clouds occulting com- pact extragalactic mm-wave continuum sources, using the old NRAO 43m telescope. Because radiofrequency observations of CH really must be calibrated with reference to a known CH abundance, we begin by deriving the relationships between CH, EB V ,H 2 and other hydrides found by optical spectroscopy. No simple relationship exists between N(CH) and EB V ,s ince N(CH) is strongly bimodal with respect to reddening for EB V 0.3 mag. However, N(CH)/N(H2) = 4:3 1:9 10 8 in the mean and N(CH) / N(H2) 1:000:06 for 10 19 < N(H2) < 10 21 cm 2 . If CH is a good predictor of H2, 40%-45% of the hydrogen in the local diuse/translucent ISM is in the molecular form at the accepted mean density, higher than previous estimates found in samples of lower-than-average mean density. Optical observations of the population ratios in the upper and lower halves of the CH lambda-doublet suggest that the brightness of the 3335 MHz CH line should be double-valued at a given CH column density in diuse gas: double-valuedness is noticeable in our data when comparing CH with CO or HCO + . The CH brightness at 3335 MHz is mildly bimodal with respect to CO emission in our diuse cloud data but much more strongly bimodal when comparing diuse or translucent gas and dark gas. The CH-doublet is generally inverted in diuse gas but we did not succeed in measuring the excitation temperature except toward 3C123 where we confirm one older value Texc 10 K.
Virus Propagation in Multiple Profile Networks

Suppose we have a virus or one competing idea/product that propagates over a multiple profile (e.g., social) network. Can we predict what proportion of the network will actually get "infected" (e.g., spread the idea or buy the competing product), when the nodes of the network appear to have different sensitivity based on their profile? For example, if there are two profiles A and B in a network and the nodes of profile A and profile B are susceptible to a highly spreading virus with probabilities βA and βB respectively, what percentage of both profiles will actually get infected from the virus at the end? To reverse the question, what are the necessary conditions so that a predefined percentage of the network is infected? We assume that nodes of different profiles can infect one another and we prove that under realistic conditions, apart from the weak profile (great sensitivity), the stronger profile (low sensitivity) will get infected as well. First, we focus on cliques with the goal to provide exact theoretical results as well as to get some intuition as to how a virus affects such a multiple profile network. Then, we move to the theoretical analysis of arbitrary networks. We provide bounds on certain properties of the network based on the probabilities of infection of each node in it when it reaches the steady state. Finally, we provide extensive experimental results that verify our theoretical results and at the same time provide more insight on the problem.
Analysis of the PilQ Secretin from Neisseria meningitidis by Transmission Electron Microscopy Reveals a Dodecameric Quaternary Structure

ABSTRACT PilQ is a member of the secretin family of outer membrane proteins and is specifically involved in secretion of type IV pili inNeisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, andPseudomonas aeruginosa. The quaternary structure of PilQ from N. meningitidis was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy by using a negative stain. Single particle averaging was carried out with a total data set of 650 individual particles, which produced a projection map generated from 296 particles at an estimated resolution of 2.6 nm. Oligomeric PilQ adopts a donut-like structure with an external ring that is 16.5 nm in diameter surrounding a central cavity that is 6.5 nm in diameter. Self-rotation and power spectrum analysis demonstrated the presence of 12-fold rotational symmetry, showing that PilQ is organized as a ring of 12 identical subunits. A model of the type IV meningococcal pilus fiber, based on the X-ray crystal structure of the N. gonorrhoeae pilin subunit, fitted neatly into the cavity, demonstrating how PilQ could serve as a channel for the growing pilus fiber.
On Ranking and Choice Models

In today's big data era, huge amounts of ranking and choice data are generated on a daily basis, and consequently, many powerful new computational tools for dealing with ranking and choice data have emerged in recent years. This paper highlights recent developments in two areas of ranking and choice modeling that cross traditional boundaries and are of multidisciplinary interest: ranking from pairwise comparisons, and automatic discovery of latent categories from choice survey data.
p-ADIC HEIGHT PAIRINGS AND INTEGRAL POINTS ON HYPERELLIPTIC CURVES

We give a formula for the component at p of the p-adic height pairing of a divisor of degree 0 on a hyperelliptic curve. We use this to give a Chabauty-like method for finding p-adic approximations to p-integral points on such curves when the Mordell-Weil rank of the Jacobian equals the genus. In this case we get an explicit bound for the number of such p-integral points, and we are able to use the method in explicit computation. An important aspect of the method is that it only requires a basis of the Mordell-Weil group tensored with Q.
Contralateral efferent suppression of human hearing sensitivity

The present study aimed at characterizing the suppressing effect of contralateral medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferents on human auditory sensitivity and mechanical cochlear responses at sound levels near behavioral thresholds. Absolute thresholds for pure tones of 500 and 4000 Hz with durations between 10–500 ms were measured in the presence and in the absence of a contralateral broadband noise. The intensity of the noise was fixed at 60 dB SPL to evoke the contralateral MOC reflex without evoking the middle-ear muscle reflex. In agreement with previously reported findings, thresholds measured without the contralateral noise decreased with increasing tone duration, and the rate of decrease was faster at 500 than at 4000 Hz. Contralateral stimulation increased thresholds by 1.07 and 1.72 dB at 500 and 4000 Hz, respectively. The mean increase (1.4 dB) just missed statistical significance (p = 0.08). Importantly, the across-frequency mean threshold increase was significantly greater for long than for short probes. This effect was more obvious at 4000 Hz than at 500 Hz. Assuming that thresholds depend on the MOC-dependent cochlear mechanical response followed by an MOC-independent, post-mechanical detection mechanism, the present results at 4000 Hz suggest that MOC efferent activation suppresses cochlear mechanical responses more at lower than at higher intensities across the range of intensities near threshold, while the results at 500 Hz suggest comparable mechanical suppression across the threshold intensity range. The results are discussed in the context of central masking and of auditory models of efferent suppression of cochlear mechanical responses.
Creative Cognitive Process of Art Making: A Field Study of a Traditional Chinese Ink Painter

This study investigated the drawing processes of a Chinese ink painter through field observation, interviews, and a field experiment. Compared to many studies using a single method such as interview only, this multimethod study enabled us to capture the creative processes from various perspectives. We observed processes of drawing in a temple and asked the painter to draw 16 pictures in a field experiment (8 created from random lines that the audience drew and 8 created on blank paper). We found that (a) the painter seemed to gradually form a global image of the drawing as he drew each part one by one, (b) lines that the audience drew seemed to create new constraints for his drawing and forced him to create a new style of pictures, and (c) the painter moved his brush in the air before actually drawing lines on the paper. This hand movement seems to have one of the following functions: positioning (where to draw), rehearsal (how to draw), and image generation (what to draw).
Lower Limb Core Scale: A New Application to Evaluate and Compare the Outcomes of Bone and Soft-Tissue Tumours Resection and Reconstruction

Several methods are used to evaluate the functional outcome of tumour resections and reconstructions in the lower limb. However, one of their most common limitations is that they are specifically developed to evaluate only oncological patients. We introduced the Lower Limb Core Scale (LLCS) to overcome this limitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional and subjective results in the lower limb and to evaluate the use of the LLCS. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using various tools to investigate the outcomes. The results of the LLCS were correlated with the results of other functional tests. A total of 44 patients were included in the study. None of the demographic variables correlated with the functional or health-related quality of life (QoL) scores except for gender, whereby male patients had an increased functional score. The correlation between LLCS and other scores was positive (r 2 = 0.77). The satisfactory QoL scores, and functional outcomes scores indicated the LLCS to be a reliable option for general and specific evaluation of lower limb reconstructions. We suggest using the LLCS for comparisons of oncological reconstructions with lower limb reconstructions in different disciplines.
Mobile UNITY: A Language and Logic for Concurrent Mobile Systems

Traditionally, a distributed system has been viewed as a collection of fixed computational elements connected by a static network. Prompted by recent advances in wireless communications rechnology, the emerging field of mobile computing is challenging these assumptions by providing mobile hosts with connectivity that may change over time, raising the possibility that hosts may be called upon to operate while only weakly connected to or while completely disconnected from other hosts. We define a concurrent mobile system as one where independently executing coponents may migrate through some space during the course of the computation, and where the pattern of connectivity among the components changes as they move in and out of proximity. Note that this definition is general enough to encompass a system of mobile hosts moving in physical space as well as a system of migrating software agents implemented on a set of possibly non-mobile hosts. In this paper, we present Mobile UNITY, which is a notation for expressing such systems and a logic for reasoning about their temporal properties. Based on the. Read complete abstract on page 2.
Effectiveness of complex psycho-educational interventions for smoking relapse prevention: an exploratory meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Existing systematic reviews have concluded that psycho-educational interventions for smoking relapse prevention were ineffective. Our objective was to conduct an exploratory meta-analysis, guided by mechanisms of these complex interventions for preventing smoking relapse. METHODS Relevant trials were identified from a Cochrane review and by an updated search of MEDLINE and PsycINFO (up to August 2009). We examined theories or mechanisms underlying relapse prevention interventions, and process variables reported in trials. Odds ratios (ORs) for the rate of smoking abstinence at the longest follow-up were pooled in meta-analysis. RESULTS Forty-nine trials were included, and interventions were at least partly based on the cognitive-behavioural approach to coping skills training in 41 trials. Only a few trials reported data on process variables. Coping skills training for smoking relapse prevention was effective for community quitters (OR 1.27, 95% CI: 1.08-1.49), and particularly for those who stopped smoking for at least 1 week at baseline (OR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.20-1.93). These findings were interpretable with mechanisms of coping skills training for relapse prevention. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of post hoc subgroup analyses, coping skills training for smoking relapse prevention is effective for motivated community quitters. This finding has important public health implications and needs to be confirmed by further trials.
CLASSIFICATION AND REGRESSION TREES: A POWERFUL YET SIMPLE TECHNIQUE FOR ECOLOGICAL DATA ANALYSIS

Classification and regression trees are ideally suited for the analysis of com- plex ecological data. For such data, we require flexible and robust analytical methods, which can deal with nonlinear relationships, high-order interactions, and missing values. Despite such difficulties, the methods should be simple to understand and give easily interpretable results. Trees explain variation of a single response variable by repeatedly splitting the data into more homogeneous groups, using combinations of explanatory var- iables that may be categorical and/or numeric. Each group is characterized by a typical value of the response variable, the number of observations in the group, and the values of the explanatory variables that define it. The tree is represented graphically, and this aids exploration and understanding. Trees can be used for interactive exploration and for description and prediction of patterns and processes. Advantages of trees include: (1) the flexibility to handle a broad range of response types, including numeric, categorical, ratings, and survival data; (2) invariance to monotonic transformations of the explanatory variables; (3) ease and ro- bustness of construction; (4) ease of interpretation; and (5) the ability to handle missing values in both response and explanatory variables. Thus, trees complement or represent an alternative to many traditional statistical techniques, including multiple regression, analysis of variance, logistic regression, log-linear models, linear discriminant analysis, and survival models. We use classification and regression trees to analyze survey data from the Australian central Great Barrier Reef, comprising abundances of soft coral taxa (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) and physical and spatial environmental information. Regression tree analyses showed that dense aggregations, typically formed by three taxa, were restricted to distinct habitat types, each of which was defined by combinations of 3-4 environmental variables. The habitat definitions were consistent with known experimental findings on the nutrition of these taxa. When used separately, physical and spatial variables were similarly strong predictors of abundances and lost little in comparison with their joint use. The spatial variables are thus effective surrogates for the physical variables in this extensive reef complex, where infor- mation on the physical environment is often not available. Finally, we compare the use of regression trees and linear models for the analysis of these data and show how linear models fail to find patterns uncovered by the trees.
Fast Final Gathering via Reverse Photon Mapping

We present a new algorithm for computing indirect illumination based on density estimation similarly to photon mapping. We accelerate the search for nal gathering by reorganizing the computation in the reverse order. We use two trees that organize spatially not only the position of photons but also the position of nal gather rays. The achieved speedup is algorithmic, the performance improvement takes advantage of logarithmic complexity of searching in trees. The algorithm requires almost no user settings unlike many known acceleration techniques for photon mapping. The image quality is the same as for traditional photon mapping with nal gathering, since the algorithm does not approximate or interpolate. Optionally, the algorithm can be combined with other techniques such as density control and importance sampling. The algorithm creates a coherent access pattern to the main memory. This further improves on performance and also allows us to use efcient external data structures to alleviate the increased memory requirements.
The employee engagement and OCB as mediating on employee performance

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of ethical leadership on employee performance, with the employee engagement and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) as mediating variables.Design/methodology/approachThe design of this study was to ascertain the predictive generalizations truth of the theory. The population in this study was all employees of non-star hotels in Sarbagita area of Bali.FindingsFirst, ethical leadership does not have a significant effect on employee performance, where the increase in leadership value is not able to provide a significant improvement in the performance of non-star hotel employees in the Sarbagita area of Bali. Second, employee engagement is able to mediate ethical leadership in improving employee performance. Third, the OCB will be able to play a role in mediating the influence of ethical leadership on employee performance if it passes the mediating role of employee engagement first.Originality/valueThe inconsistencies of the previous study results provide evidence and opportunities for this study to review by including mediating variables on ethical leadership and employee performance relationship. The studied variable as a mediating variable is employee engagement. In addition to employee engagement, this study also included the OCB variable as a mediating variable. Several previous studies have identified the influence of ethical leadership, employee engagement and OCB in improving employee performance in separate research models, so there is still a gap for further research.