Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Arguments Against a Configural Processing Account of Familiar Face Recognition

Face recognition is a remarkable human ability, which underlies a great deal of people’s social behavior. Individuals can recognize family members, friends, and acquaintances over a very large range of conditions, and yet the processes by which they do this remain poorly understood, despite decades of research. Although a detailed understanding remains elusive, face recognition is widely thought to rely on configural processing, specifically an analysis of spatial relations between facial features (so-called second-order configurations). In this article, we challenge this traditional view, raising four problems: (1) configural theories are underspecified; (2) large configural changes leave recognition unharmed; (3) recognition is harmed by nonconfigural changes; and (4) in separate analyses of face shape and face texture, identification tends to be dominated by texture. We review evidence from a variety of sources and suggest that failure to acknowledge the impact of familiarity on facial representations may have led to an overgeneralization of the configural account. We argue instead that second-order configural information is remarkably unimportant for familiar face recognition.
Policy analysis for warranty, maintenance, and upgrade of software systems

Maintenance of large software systems is one of the least-structured problems in information systems. In this paper, we present a framework to analyze warranty, maintenance, and upgrade decisions for software packages under different market conditions. We discuss the impact of various factors, such as quality, market volatility, and technological obsolescence, on the software supplier's policies and economic return. We identify a class of optimal (or near optimal) policies that are surprisingly robust and easy to implement, and report on the effectiveness of these policies under different market conditions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Craniofacial surgery.

Craniofacial surgery is concerned with surgical correction of problems affecting the skull base, orbits, and upper face. These anatomical areas, in particular the skull base, were until recently a kind of "no man's land" that did not fall within the province of any particular surgical specialty. In recent years multidisciplinary teams have been formed to deal with problems in this difficult area. Because these problems are not common ; X . L > -. 0 , i eR96 i . and management is difficult craniofacial surgery is performed in only a few centres with surgical teams treating sufficient numbers of patients to maintain the required level of skill. The conditions treated in this way fall i0g+00 ;>iSU0 0! 0! into three main groups: congenital anomalies, tumours, and trauma.
Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of HIV Infection and AIDS

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was first reported in the United States in 1981 and has since become a major worldwide epidemic. AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). By killing or damaging cells of the body’s immune system, HIV progressively destroys the body’s ability to fight infections and certain cancers. The term AIDS applies to the most advanced stages of HIV infection. Statistics on the world epidemic of HIV/AIDS indicates that 39.5 million people are living with HIV/AIDS worldwide. Of these, 24.7 million (63%) live in Sub-Saharan Africa, a region that is home to just 10% of the world’s population (UNAIDS/WHO report, 2006). HIV is a retrovirus, which is immunosuppressive, predisposing the individual to opportunistic infections and certain neoplasm (Wiley, 1994). In addition to impairment in immune functions, evidence has suggested that HIV is neurotropic. It should therefore be anticipated that neuropsychiatric complication might be common in HIV positive individuals during all phases of HIV related illness. Over the years, researchers have developed antiretroviral drugs to fight both HIV infection and its associated infections and cancers. Currently available drugs do not cure people with HIV infection or AIDS, and they all have side effects that can be severe. Because no vaccine for HIV is available, the only way to prevent infection is to avoid behaviours that put a person at risk of infection, such as sharing needles and unprotected sex. It is believed that neuropsychiatric disorders account for over 15% of the world’s disease burden. Due to the recent advances in antiretroviral therapy, the life expectancy of people living with HIV has increased, and thus clinicians are more likely to encounter the neuropsychiatric manifestations of the disease. In as many as 20% of HIV infected individuals, neurologic or neuropsychiatric symptoms may be the presenting features, prior to other medical symptoms of AIDS. Despite improvement in and combination of antiretroviral therapy, neuropsychiatric complications still occur in as many as 50% of people living with HIV and are mostly undiagnosed and untreated. Assessment and management of mental disorders is integral to an effective HIV/AIDS intervention program. Mental health professionals will increasingly be called upon to assist in the management of people living with HIV/AIDS. Thus psychiatrists will need to be familiar with disorders that are prevalent in HIV infection. It is now estimated that 40–70% of patients with AIDS develop clinical neurologic abnormalities. The most common neurologic manifestations are minor cognitive motor disorder (MCMD) and HIV-associated dementia (HAD). On the other hand, depression is the most common psychiatric condition in people living with
The Adult Rat Hippocampus Contains Primordial Neural Stem Cells

Adult-derived hippocampal progenitors generate neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in vitro and following grafting into the adult brain. Although these progenitors have a considerable capacity for in vitro self renewal, it is not known if each lineage is generated by separate committed precursors or by multipotent stem cells. By genetic marking, we have followed individual cells through the process of proliferative expansion, commitment, and differentiation. All three lineages are generated by single marked cells and the relative proportions of each lineage can be strongly influenced by environmental cues. Differentiation is accompanied by a characteristic progression of lineage-specific markers and can be potentiated by retinoic acid, elevated cyclic AMP, or neurotrophic factors. The ability to genetically mark and clone normal diploid hippocampal progenitors provides the first definitive evidence that multipotent neural stem cells exist outside of the adult striatal subventricular zone and supports the hypothesis that FGF-2-responsive neural stem cells may be broadly distributed in the adult brain.
Iron and Nickel Line Diagnostics for the Galactic Center Diffuse Emission

We have observed the diffuse X-ray emission from the Galactic center (GC) using the X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS) on Suzaku. The high-energy resolution and the low-background orbit provide excellent spectra of the GC diffuse X-rays (GCDX). The XIS found many emission lines in the GCDX near the energy of K-shell transitions of iron and nickel. The most pronounced features are Fe I Kat 6.4 keV and K-shell absorption edge at 7.1 keV, which are from neutral and/or low ionization states of iron, and the K-shell lines at 6.7 keV and 6.9 keV from He-like (Fe XXV K�) and hydrogenic (Fe XXVI Ly�) ions of iron. In addition, Klines from neutral or low ionization nickel (Ni I K�) and He-like nickel (Ni XXVII K�), and Fe I K�, Fe XXV K�, Fe XXVI Ly�, Fe XXV K and Fe XXVI Ly are detected for the first time. The line center energies and widths of Fe XXV Kand Fe XXVI Lyfavor a collisional excitation (CE) plasma for the origin of the GCDX. The electron temperature determined from the line flux ratio of Fe XXV-K�/ Fe XXV-Kis similar to the ionization temperature determined from that of Fe XXV-K�/FeXXVI-Ly�. Thus it would appear that the GCDX plasma is close to ionization equilibrium. The 6.7 keV flux and temperature distribution to the galactic longitude is smooth and monotonic, in contrast to the integrated point source flux distribution. These facts support the hypothesis that the GCDX is truly diffuse emission rather than the integration of the outputs of a large number of unresolved point sources. In addition, our results demonstrate that the chemical composition of Fe in the interstellar gas near the GC is constrained to be about 3.5 times solar.
How Deep Is Your Commitment? Crossing Borders Via Cultural Immersion

Barbara Faye Streets is an assistant professor in the Department of Counseling and Psychological Services at the State University of New York-Oswego, Oswego, New York, and a Board Certified Fellow in African Centered/Black Psychology. Her e-mail address is barbara.streets@oswego.edu I was introduced to the notion of cultural competency (Sue, Bernier, Durran, Feinberg, Pedersen, Smith, & Vasquez–Nuttal, 1982; Sue & Sue, 1990) early in my graduate training. Since then, guidelines concerning multicultural competency and standards (American Psychological Association [APA], 2003; Sue, Arredondo, & McDavis, 1992) have framed the scholarship and mission of the multicultural psychology field (Ridley & Kleiner, 2003). As vague as it may sound now, at the time, the energy feeding my decision to add a year of study abroad was motivated by the desire to “put it to the test. ” The “it” that I wanted to test encompassed examination of my graduate school cultural competency training and the internalization of the APA guideline (2003) related to the “Commitment to Cultural Awareness and Knowledge of Self and Others”:
A study of a rural community's readiness for telehealth

A qualitative approach was used to explore the readiness of a rural community for the implementation of telehealth services. There were four domains of interest: patient, practitioner, public and organization. Sixteen semistructured telephone interviews (three to five in each domain) were carried out with key informants and recorded on audio-tape. Two community awareness sessions were held, which were followed by five audio-taped focus groups (with five to eight people in each) in the practitioner, patient and public domains. In addition, two in-depth interviews were conducted with community physicians. Analysis of the data suggested that there were four types of community readiness: core, engagement, structural and non-readiness. The level of readiness varied across domains. There were six main themes: core readiness; structural readiness; projection of benefits; assessment of risk; awareness and education; and intra-group and inter-group dynamics. The results of the study can be used to investigate the readiness of rural and remote communities for telehealth, which should improve the chance of successful implementation.
Probabilistic Aspects of Infinite Trees and Surfaces

We present a simple construction of a probability measure on rooted infinite planar trees as a limit of a sequence of uniform measures on finite trees. We compute the conditional probability measure on the set of trees containing a given finite tree and use this to determine the distribution of the number of vertices at a given distance from the root, and thereby the Hausdorff dimension associated with this measure.
Head Injury-A Neglected Public Health Problem: A Four-Month Prospective Study at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia

Background Trauma, especially head trauma, is an expanding major public health problem and the leading cause of death of the young and productive part of the world's population. Research is mainly done in high-income countries where only a small proportion of the worldwide fatalities occur. The intention of this study was to analyze head injury in a setting where most patients in low- and middle-income countries receive treatment, a referral hospital with general but no neurosurgical service like Jimma University Specialized Hospital. The study aims to provide surgeons, hospital managers and health planners working in similar set-ups with baseline information for further investigation and prevention programs intending to reduce the burden of head injury. Methods All head injury patients presented to Jimma University Specialized Hospital between March and June 2010 were included in this prospective research. Epidemiological, clinical and management data were collected for the study. Results Out of 52 patients, 47 were males. The median age was 20.0 years (SD=13.3). Fights (n=20, 38.5%) and road traffic accidents (n=19, 36.5%) were the most common causes of head injury. Half of the patients sustained mild and 36.5% sustained severe head injury. The initial GCS had a significant correlation with the outcome. The mortality rate was 21.2%. Of all patients 76.9% were managed conservatively. Conclusion Prevention of road traffic accidents and improvement of conservative care were identified as major methods to reduce the burden of head injury in a set-up similar to Jimma. Further studies on head injury patients in low-income countries should be done.
Word Sense Disambiguation Using Label Propagation Based Semi-Supervised Learning

Shortage of manually sense-tagged data is an obstacle to supervised word sense disambiguation methods. In this paper we investigate a label propagation based semi-supervised learning algorithm for WSD, which combines labeled and unlabeled data in learning process to fully realize a global consistency assumption: similar examples should have similar labels. Our experimental results on benchmark corpora indicate that it consistently outperforms SVM when only very few labeled examples are available, and its performance is also better than monolingual bootstrapping, and comparable to bilingual bootstrapping.
Lightning Protection: Getting It Wrong

Lightning has become a significant threat to electronics in many countries where the natural phenomenon has previously been treated only as an occasional attacker of careless living beings. Most tropical countries, several southern states of the U.S.A. , Japan, and several parts of Australia, experience heavy annual lightning occurrence density. These regions also record high levels of lightning related injuries and accidents. How ever, many European countries, far northern and southern sections of North and South America, and countries such as South Africa and New Zealand areas that had not previously paid much attention to lightning (except South Africa where lightning research started in the early 20th century) are now more vigilant due to increased industrial development, greater sophistication of electronics, and wide expansion of power and communication networks. The extensive dependence of society on automated systems makes countries increasingly vulnerable to lightning related hazards. We present here information that we have obtained in several countries with respect to lightning protection through our long term experience in operating in the Asian region as researchers, consultants, and advisors on this subject. Our findings are directly applicable and will be helpful to many other regions of the world.
Answering tree pattern queries using views

We study the query answering using views (QAV) problem for tree pattern queries. Given a query and a view, the QAV problem is traditionally formulated in two ways: (i) find an equivalent rewriting of the query using only the view, or (ii) find a maximal contained rewriting using only the view. The former is appropriate for classical query optimization and was recently studied by Xu and Ozsoyoglu for tree pattern queries (TP). However, for information integration, we cannot rely on equivalent rewriting and must instead use maximal contained rewriting as shown by Halevy. Motivated by this, we study maximal contained rewriting for TP, a core subset of XPath, both in the absence and presence of a schema. In the absence of a schema, we show there are queries whose maximal contained rewriting (MCR) can only be expressed as the union of exponentially many TPs. We characterize the existence of a maximal contained rewriting and give a polynomial time algorithm for testing the existence of an MCR. We also give an algorithm for generating the MCR when one exists. We then consider QAV in the presence of a schema. We characterize the existence of a maximal contained rewriting when the schema contains no recursion or union types, and show that it consists of at most one TP. We give an efficient polynomial time algorithm for generating the maximal contained rewriting whenever it exists. Finally, we discuss QAV in the presence of recursive schemas.
Endogenous thrombopoietin serum levels during multicycle chemotherapy

Little is known about the behaviour of endogenous thrombopoietin (TPO) serum levels during rapid sequences of dose‐intensified chemotherapy. To characterize the relationship between TPO levels and platelet counts in this setting we serially measured both parameters over the entire treatment period of patients receiving multicycle polychemotherapy. We found TPO and platelet responses to be generally antagonistic through all cycles. However, a cross‐correlation analysis indicated that TPO responses preceded platelet responses by approximately one day in all patients. The cumulative severity of thrombocytopenia observed over successive cycles was accompanied by an increasing TPO response which tended to grow overproportionally in relation to the degree of peripheral thrombocytopenia. These findings are consistent with a model suggesting that both platelet and megakaryocyte mass contribute to a receptor‐dependent consumption process regulating the endogenous TPO level. In order to develop optimal schedules for exogenous TPO administration it might be important to consider endogenous TPO response characteristics.
How uncertain are climate model projections of water availability indicators across the Middle East?

The projection of robust regional climate changes over the next 50 years presents a considerable challenge for the current generation of climate models. Water cycle changes are particularly difficult to model in this area because major uncertainties exist in the representation of processes such as large-scale and convective rainfall and their feedback with surface conditions. We present climate model projections and uncertainties in water availability indicators (precipitation, run-off and drought index) for the 1961–1990 and 2021–2050 periods. Ensembles from two global climate models (GCMs) and one regional climate model (RCM) are used to examine different elements of uncertainty. Although all three ensembles capture the general distribution of observed annual precipitation across the Middle East, the RCM is consistently wetter than observations, especially over the mountainous areas. All future projections show decreasing precipitation (ensemble median between −5 and −25%) in coastal Turkey and parts of Lebanon, Syria and Israel and consistent run-off and drought index changes. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) GCM ensemble exhibits drying across the north of the region, whereas the Met Office Hadley Centre work Quantifying Uncertainties in Model ProjectionsAtmospheric (QUMP-A) GCM and RCM ensembles show slight drying in the north and significant wetting in the south. RCM projections also show greater sensitivity (both wetter and drier) and a wider uncertainty range than QUMP-A. The nature of these uncertainties suggests that both large-scale circulation patterns, which influence region-wide drying/wetting patterns, and regional-scale processes, which affect localized water availability, are important sources of uncertainty in these projections. To reduce large uncertainties in water availability projections, it is suggested that efforts would be well placed to focus on the understanding and modelling of both large-scale processes and their teleconnections with Middle East climate and localized processes involved in orographic precipitation.
Determining the resistance of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae to common disinfectants and elucidating the underlying resistance mechanisms

Abstract Introduction: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infection is a serious problem in hospitals worldwide, posing a particular risk to immunocompromised patients. Elimination strategies may prevent these drug-resistant bacteria from spreading within hospital environments. Here, the susceptibility of patient-derived CRKP strains to common chemical disinfectants and possible correlations between the presence of drug-resistance genes and increased resistance to disinfectants were investigated. Methods: The minimum inhibitory (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of common chemical disinfectants against each CRKP strain were determined using agar dilution; K. pneumoniae ATCC700603 served as a standard. The presence of the drug-resistance genes qacΔE, qacA, acrA and qacE was determined using PCR. Results: A total of 27 clinically isolated CRKP strains collected in our hospital from 2011 to 2013 exhibited sensitivity to the following common chemical disinfectants in decreasing order of sensitivity: 75% ethyl alcohol > 2% glutaraldehyde > “84” disinfectant > 0.2% benzalkonium bromide > 2% iodine tincture > 1% iodophor > 0.1% chlorhexidine acetate. Of the 27 strains, 59, 41, 19 and 15% contained qacΔE, qacA, acrA and qacE resistance genes; 15% carried acrA, qacΔE and qacA, and 26% carried both qacA and qacΔE. Comparative analysis indicated that drug-resistance genes were correlated with higher MIC values. Conclusion: These pan-resistant pathogenic CRKP strains contained various drug-resistance genes and exhibited relatively high resistance to ethyl alcohol, chlorhexidine acetate and iodophor. Monitoring the drug-resistance rates of CRKP strains displaying disinfectant resistance may facilitate appropriate and effective sterilisation and thus preventing the spread of these pan-resistant strains
Antioxidant Properties of “Natchez” and “Triple Crown” Blackberries Using Korean Traditional Winemaking Techniques

This research evaluated blackberries grown in Oklahoma and wines produced using a modified traditional Korean technique employing relatively oxygen-permeable earthenware fermentation vessels. The fermentation variables were temperature (21.6°C versus 26.6°C) and yeast inoculation versus wild fermentation. Wild fermented wines had higher total phenolic concentration than yeast fermented wines. Overall, wines had a relatively high concentration of anthocyanin (85–320 mg L−1 malvidin-3-monoglucoside) and antioxidant capacity (9776–37845 µmol Trolox equivalent g−1). “Natchez” berries had a higher anthocyanin concentration than “Triple Crown” berries. Higher fermentation temperature at the start of the winemaking process followed by the use of lower fermentation/storage temperature for aging wine samples maximized phenolic compound extraction/retention. The Korean winemaking technique used in this study produced blackberry wines that were excellent sources of polyphenolic compounds as well as being high in antioxidant capacity as measured by the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) test.