Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Privacy-preserving photo sharing based on a public key infrastructure

A significant number of pictures are posted to social media sites or exchanged through instant messaging and cloud-based sharing services. Most social media services offer a range of access control mechanisms to protect users privacy. As it is not in the best interest of many such services if their users restrict access to their shared pictures, most services keep users' photos unprotected which makes them available to all insiders. This paper presents an architecture for a privacy-preserving photo sharing based on an image scrambling scheme and a public key infrastructure. A secure JPEG scrambling is applied to protect regional visual information in photos. Protected images are still compatible with JPEG coding and therefore can be viewed by any one on any device. However, only those who are granted secret keys will be able to descramble the photos and view their original versions. The proposed architecture applies an attribute-based encryption along with conventional public key cryptography, to achieve secure transmission of secret keys and a fine-grained control over who may view shared photos. In addition, we demonstrate the practical feasibility of the proposed photo sharing architecture with a prototype mobile application, ProShare, which is built based on iOS platform.
Quality of life in multiple sclerosis (MS) and role of fatigue, depression, anxiety, and stress: A bicenter study from north of Iran

Background: Although studies have demonstrated significant negative relationships between quality of life (QOL), fatigue, and the most common psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety, stress), the main ambiguity of previous studies on QOL is in the relative importance of these predictors. Also, there is lack of adequate knowledge about the actual contribution of each of them in the prediction of QOL dimensions. Thus, the main objective of this study is to assess the role of fatigue, depression, anxiety, and stress in relation to QOL of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Materials and Methods: One hundred and sixty-two MS patients completed the questionnaire on demographic variables, and then they were evaluated by the Persian versions of Short-Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36), Fatigue Survey Scale (FSS), and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression. Results: Correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between QOL elements in SF-36 (physical component summary and mental component summary) and depression, fatigue, stress, and anxiety (P < 0.01). Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that among the predictor variables in the final step, fatigue, depression, and anxiety were identified as the physical component summary predictor variables. Anxiety was found to be the most powerful predictor variable amongst all (β = −0.46, P < 0.001). Furthermore, results have shown depression as the only significant mental component summary predictor variable (β = −0.39, P < 0.001). Conclusions: This study has highlighted the role of anxiety, fatigue, and depression in physical dimensions and the role of depression in psychological dimensions of the lives of MS patients. In addition, the findings of this study indirectly suggest that psychological interventions for reducing fatigue, depression, and anxiety can lead to improved QOL of MS patients.
Effects of early vs. late initiation of levodopa treatment in hemiparkinsonian rats

We investigated the effect of early vs. late initiation of levodopa treatment on dyskinetic movements, rotational behavior and molecular markers in hemiparkinsonian rats. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats received a unilateral 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) administration in the nigrostriatal pathway. Rats were divided into three groups treated with: (i) levodopa (6 mg/kg) twice daily for 22 days starting at 4 weeks after 6‐OHDA (Early group); (ii) levodopa at the same dose, regimen and duration but starting at 12 weeks after 6‐OHDA (Late group), and (iii) saline starting at 4 weeks after 6‐OHDA and continuing until the Late group finished treatment. Dyskinesias were quantified on days 1 and 22 of levodopa treatment. Striatal expression of preproenkephalin and preprodynorphin mRNAs, subthalamic cytochrome oxidase mRNA, and glutamate decarboxylase 67 mRNA in the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra was measured by in‐situ hybridization. After 22 days of levodopa treatment, the percentage of rats showing dyskinesia was lower in the Early group than in the Late group (60% vs. 100%, respectively). No significant differences in total dyskinesia score were observed between both groups with the exception of the orolingual dyskinesias that were significantly less frequent in the Late group (P < 0.01). No significant differences were observed in the molecular markers between the Early and Late groups. Prompt initiation of levodopa treatment might be able to delay some of the basal ganglia molecular and circuitry changes underlying the development of dyskinesia but, once developed, they are behaviorally and molecularly similar to those appearing after late initiation of levodopa.
A Fractional Spur-Free ADPLL with Loop-Gain Calibration and Phase-Noise Cancellation for GSM/GPRS/EDGE

This paper presents a 3.2-to-4GHz fractional spur-free ADPLL. The ADPLL is fabricated in a 0.13 mum CMOS process and packaged in QFN76. Fractional spurs are filtered by accurate digital loop-gain calibration and digital phase-noise cancellation. The ADPLL is designed to minimize the switching noise while taking advantage of digital scaling.
p16 expression correlates with basal-like triple-negative breast carcinoma

Background: Basal-like breast carcinoma (BLBC) has attracted considerable attention over the past few years. It has been suggested that tumours expressing basal markers have a more aggressive clinical behaviour. However, a molecular basis for this disease remains unclear, and it lacks currently used therapeutic targets. Therefore developing a novel treatment strategy is crucial for improving the prognosis. The aim of this study was to characterise the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of p16 in patients with BLBC compared with non-BLBC. Materials and methods: Eighty-five cases of grade-3 invasive ductal carcinomas not otherwise specified (IDC-NOS) were analyzed. Immunohistochemical stains for oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2), cytokeratin (CK) 5/6, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and p16 were performed. BLBC was defined as ER-, PR-, Her2- and CK5/6+, and/or EGFR+. Results: Twenty cases were categorised as BLBC versus 65 as non-basal. High mitotic count and presence of necrosis were associated with basal-like phenotype. Distant metastasis developed in 40% of cases of BLBC with frequent spread to brain and lung. p16 had significantly higher expression in the basal subgroup (80% versus 50.8%, P = 0.04). Patients with BLBCs were found to have a lower disease-free survival (DFS) rate (60% versus 70.8%, P = 0.03). Conclusion: BLBC typically demonstrates a unique profile. p16 is frequently expressed in breast cancers with basal-like phenotype; this suggests that p16 may play a role in the poor prognosis of this tumour, and it may be used in the development of a targeted therapy that will result in improved patient prognostication and outcome.
PATMOS-x Cloud Climate Record Trend Sensitivity to Reanalysis Products

Continuous satellite-derived cloud records now extend over three decades, and are increasingly used for climate applications. Certain applications, such as trend detection, require a clear understanding of uncertainty as it relates to establishing statistical significance. The use of reanalysis products as sources of ancillary data could be construed as one such source of uncertainty, as there has been discussion regarding the suitability of reanalysis products for trend detection. Here we use three reanalysis products: Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), Modern Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) and European Center for Medium range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) ERA-Interim (ERA-I) as sources of ancillary data for the Pathfinder Atmospheres Extended/Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (PATMOS-x/AVHRR) Satellite Cloud Climate Data Record (CDR), and perform inter-comparisons to determine how sensitive the climatology is to choice of ancillary data source. We find differences among reanalysis fields required for PATMOS-x processing, which translate to small but not insignificant differences in retrievals of cloud fraction, cloud top height and cloud optical depth. The retrieval variability due to choice of reanalysis product is on the order of one third the size of the retrieval uncertainty, making it a potentially significant factor in trend detection. Cloud fraction trends were impacted the most by choice of reanalysis while cloud optical depth trends were impacted the least. Metrics used to determine the skill of the reanalysis products for use as ancillary data found no clear best choice for use in PATMOS-x. We conclude use of reanalysis products as ancillary data in the PATMOS-x/AVHRR Cloud CDR do not preclude its use for trend detection, but for that application uncertainty in reanalysis fields should be better represented in the PATMOS-x retrieval uncertainty.
Molecular nature of intrachromosomal deletions and base substitutions induced by environmental mutagens

Cellular DNA is exposed to a variety of exogenous and endogenous mutagens. A complete understanding of the importance of different types of DNA damage requires knowledge of the specific molecular alterations induced by different types of agents in specific target tissues in vivo. The gpt delta transgenic mouse model provides the opportunity to characterize tissue‐specific DNA alterations because small and large deletions as well as base substitutions can be analyzed. Here, we summarize the characteristics of intrachromosomal deletions and base substitutions induced by ionizing radiation in liver and spleen, ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation in epidermis, mitomycin C (MMC) in bone marrow, 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP) in colon, and aminophenylnorharman (APNH) in liver of gpt delta mice. Carbon‐ion radiation, UVB, and MMC induced large deletions of more than 1 kb. About half of the large deletions occurred between short direct‐repeat sequences and the remainder had flush ends, suggesting the involvement of nonhomologous end joining of double‐stranded breaks (DSBs) in DNA. UV photoproducts and interstrand crosslinks by MMC may block DNA replication, thereby inducing DSBs. In contrast, PhIP and APNH mainly generated 1 bp deletions in runs of guanine bases. As for base substitutions, UVB and MMC induced G:C→A:T transitions at dipyrimidine sites and tandem base substitutions at GG sites, respectively. PhIP and APNH induced G:C→T:A transversions. Translesion DNA synthesis across the lesions, i.e., UV photoproducts, intrastrand crosslinks by MMC, and guanine adducts by the heterocyclic amines, may be involved in the induction of base substitutions. These results indicate the importance of sequence information to elucidate the mechanisms underlying deletions and base substitutions induced in vivo by environmental mutagens. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. , 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of hierarchical structure and visualization ability on computerized information retrieval

This study examined the effects of visualization ability on search time in databases with different hierarchical structures. It was designed to determine whether manipulation of the hierarchical structures of information could accommodate the needs of low‐visualization ability users. The task consisted of finding specific “target” files in each of the four different data structures that varied in depth of organization. The study found the expected effects of organizational structure and visualization ability on retrieval time from the database. It did not find any evidence of an interaction between the two variables on performance. The results suggest that individual differences in performance are the result of differences in perceptual speed and that altering the structure of the information in a database is not an effective way to accommodate to low‐visualization ability users.
Striving for the thin ideal post-pregnancy: a cross-sectional study of intuitive eating in postpartum women

ABSTRACT Objective: To conduct a cross-sectional study of women in the postpartum period to identify relationships between intuitive eating, body image satisfaction, eating attitudes and depressive symptomology. Methods: Women with at least one child born in the previous 6–48 months were recruited via Facebook to complete an online survey which included: sociodemographic and health questions, the Intuitive Eating Scale, the Body Shape Questionnaire, the Multi-dimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, the Eating Attitudes Test-26 and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables and hierarchical regressions used to examine associations between intuitive eating styles, body image satisfaction, eating attitudes and depressive symptomology. Results: Of the 419 women (mean age 32 ± 5.3 years), 32% were classified with intuitive eating styles and were more likely to have higher body image satisfaction (F = 476.80, p < .001), less disordered eating attitudes (F = 30.74, p < .001) and lower depressive symptomology (F = 4.14, p = .042). Conclusions: The postpartum period is a time of high risk for developing/maintaining eating styles that may negatively impact psychological health and well-being. Providing education to new mothers about the benefits of intuitive eating could positively influence their health and well-being.
Intraoperative Mild Hypothermia Ameliorates Postoperative Cerebral Blood Flow Impairment in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

OBJECTIVEIntraoperative mild hypothermia has been used during cerebral aneurysm surgery to reduce ischemic injury induced by temporary vessel occlusion and brain retraction. However, the clinical effects on cerebral hemodynamics are unclear. This study investigated the effects of intraoperative mild hypothermia on cerebral blood flow (CBF) after surgery to treat aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. METHODSTwenty-four patients with ruptured internal carotid or middle cerebral artery aneurysms, of preoperative Hunt and Hess Grade II or III, underwent aneurysm clipping within 72 hours after the onset of subarachnoid hemorrhage. During surgery, patients were randomly assigned to either intraoperative mild hypothermia (33.5°C, n = 12) or normothermia (37°C, n = 12). Brain single photon emission computed tomography with 99m Tc-hexamethylpropylenamine oxime or 99m Tc-l,l-ethylcysteinate dimer was performed on Days 4, 7, and 14 after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Regional CBF was determined in the basal ganglia and cingulate, frontal, and frontoparietal cortices, using a semiquantitative method. RESULTSCBF in the frontal cortex ipsilateral to the aneurysm was significantly higher in the hypothermia group than in the normothermia group on Day 4 (P < 0.01) but not Day 7 or 14. There was a similar trend in the ipsilateral frontoparietal cortex, but it was not significant. There were no differences in regional CBF in the ipsilateral cingulate cortex or basal ganglia or in any contralateral region during the study period. CONCLUSIONIntraoperative mild hypothermia may reduce the severity of ischemia induced by intraoperative temporary vessel occlusion and brain retraction, thus ameliorating postoperative CBF impairment. (47;601;2000)
Epidemiology of major congenital heart defects in Sweden, 1981-1986.

STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to make an epidemiological study of major congenital heart defects and to make comparisons between groups of heart defects regarding different epidemiological variables. DESIGN--The cases with congenital heart defects were identified from two Swedish registries: the Registry of Congenital Malformations and the Child Cardiology Registry. A classification with nine groups of heart defects is proposed. SETTING--This was a national survey in Sweden during the period 1981-1986. The total number of cases reported during the six years was 1605. Cases that presented a patent ductus arteriosus only and a birthweight below 2500 g were excluded. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--The prevalence at birth was 2.8 per 1000. When cases with a chromosomal anomaly were excluded, no maternal age effect was observed except a possible under-risk for women above 40 years. The risk for a heart defect seems to increase with increasing parity independent of age. A higher risk was also observed among twin infants compared with singletons although no specificity in cardiac malformation type appeared. Sex ratio, the tendency for having an associated extracardiac malformation, and the proportion of isolated v non-isolated cardiac defects differed between the different groups of heart malformations. CONCLUSIONS--The differences observed between groups of defects indicate different aetiologies and show that this classification may be suitable for further analyses of congenital heart defects.
Pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone in normal volunteers and subjects with renal insufficiency

We examined the pharmacokinetics of the new beta-lactam agent, cefoperazone, in normal and functionally anephric dialysis subjects with normal liver function. All subjects received 3 g of cefoperazone intravenously, and serial serum and urine samples were taken thereafter for up to 36 h. The serum levels, volume of distribution (0.22 liter/kg, normal; 0.19 liter/kg; dialysis), beta half-life (2.07 h, normal; 2.03 h, dialysis), and total body clearance (96.2 ml/min, normal; 92.9 ml/ min, dialysis) were all not significantly different between the two groups. Cefoperazone may be administered without adjustment of dose for any degree of renal dysfunction to patients with normal hepatic function.
Semantic Photometric Bundle Adjustment on Natural Sequences

The problem of obtaining dense reconstruction of an object in a natural sequence of images has been long studied in computer vision. Classically this problem has been solved through the application of bundle adjustment (BA). More recently, excellent results have been attained through the application of photometric bundle adjustment (PBA) methods -- which directly minimize the photometric error across frames. A fundamental drawback to BA & PBA, however, is: (i) their reliance on having to view all points on the object, and (ii) for the object surface to be well textured. To circumvent these limitations we propose semantic PBA which incorporates a 3D object prior, obtained through deep learning, within the photometric bundle adjustment problem. We demonstrate state of the art performance in comparison to leading methods for object reconstruction across numerous natural sequences.
The Sap Flow Dynamics and Response of Hedysarum scoparium to Environmental Factors in Semiarid Northwestern China

Hedysarum scoparium is an important, fast-growing and drought-resistant shrub that has been extensively used for grassland restoration and preventing desertification in semiarid regions of northwestern China. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the diurnal and seasonal variations in stem sap flow (J s) and its relation to environmental factors. The stem heat balance method was applied to plants that were approximately 17 years old (with diameters of 25, 16, 13, and 9 mm at ground level and heights of 3.1, 1.8, 1.7 and 1.4 m) and growing under natural conditions. The vertical soil temperature profile (ST), soil surface heat flux (SoilG), volumetric soil moisture content (SWC) and meteorological variables such as solar radiation (R n), air temperature (T a), vapour pressure deficit (VPD), wind speed (W s) relative humidity (RH) and precipitation (P) were simultaneously measured at a meteorological station on site. Results indicated that J s varied regularly during the diurnal and seasonal term. The nocturnal J s was substantial, with a seasonal variation similar to the patterns of daytime J s. The magnitude of J s changed considerably between sunny and rainy days. Redundancy (RDA) and Kendall’s tau analysis suggested that daily J s in large plants was more sensitive to environmental factors, and the variation in daily J s during the growing season could be described by a multiple linear regression against environmental variables including T a, VPD, W s, RH, ST, and SoilG. While the nocturnal J s in smaller plants was more sensitive to meteorological factors. T a, VPD, and W s were significantly correlated with nighttime J s. The hourly nighttime sap flow rate of H. scoparium corresponded closely to T a and VPD following a non-linear pattern. The results of this study can be used to estimate the transpiration of H. scoparium.
Classification and Prediction of Survival in Patients with the Leukemic Phase of Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma

We have used cDNA arrays to investigate gene expression patterns in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with leukemic forms of cutaneous T cell lymphoma, primarily Sezary syndrome (SS). When expression data for patients with high blood tumor burden (Sezary cells >60% of the lymphocytes) and healthy controls are compared by Student's t test, at P < 0.01, we find 385 genes to be differentially expressed. Highly overexpressed genes include Th2 cells–specific transcription factors Gata-3 and Jun B, as well as integrin β1, proteoglycan 2, the RhoB oncogene, and dual specificity phosphatase 1. Highly underexpressed genes include CD26, Stat-4, and the IL-1 receptors. Message for plastin-T, not normally expressed in lymphoid tissue, is detected only in patient samples and may provide a new marker for diagnosis. Using penalized discriminant analysis, we have identified a panel of eight genes that can distinguish SS in patients with as few as 5% circulating tumor cells. This suggests that, even in early disease, Sezary cells produce chemokines and cytokines that induce an expression profile in the peripheral blood distinctive to SS. Finally, we show that using 10 genes, we can identify a class of patients who will succumb within six months of sampling regardless of their tumor burden.