Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for oral soft tissue lesions in an adult Spanish population.

OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were (i) to determine the prevalence of oral lesions in adults over 30 years old in the city of Oviedo (Spain), and (ii) to analyze the relationship between the prevalence of oral lesions, toxic habits (tobacco and alcohol) and denture wearers in these patients. METHODS A representative sample of the adult population in Oviedo (Spain) was obtained through randomized sampling (n = 753); a total of 308 (41%) subjects were finally included in the study. The observed oral pathology was classified according to the WHO criteria and earlier epidemiological studies. RESULTS A little over half of all patients (51.1%) had oral lesions. The most frequent lesions were frictional lesion (7.5%), traumatic ulcer (7.1%), denture stomatitis and pseudomembranous candidosis (6.5%), followed by melanin pigmentation (5.8%) and denture-induced hyperplasia (5.2%), plicated tongue (3.9%), lichen planus and hemangioma (3.2%), angular cheilitis and cheek biting (2.9%), fibrous hyperplasia and coated tongue (2.6%), recurrent aphthae (1.9%) and oral leukoplakia (1.6%). In relation to leukoplakia, the odds ratio (OR) of heavy drinkers was 15.98 and the OR of heavy smokers was 12.37. The OR of heavy smokers or heavy drinkers diagnosed of frictional lesion was four times greater than that of nonsmokers or nondrinkers. The OR of heavy smokers with melanic pigmentations was 4.08. The OR of complete denture wearers with candidosis was 11.38. The OR of partial removable denture wearers with hemangioma was 5.01. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the relation of heavy tobacco and heavy alcohol to traumatic keratosis and leukoplakia, and of complete dentures to pseudomembranous candidosis, fibrous hyperplasia and stomatitis. Programs designed to eradicate toxic factors (alcohol and tobacco) should, therefore, be implemented with adequate maintenance of dentures.
Pedogenic Processes in Thick Sand Deposits on a Marine Terrace, Central California

Pedological studies in thick sedimentary sequences are generally limited to the upper few meters. Field investigation of thick (~50 m) sand deposits on an emergent Pleistocene marine terrace in central California showed morphological differences between the solum at the surface and the deep regolith. Based on morphological and geochemical features, four units were identified within the regolith. Two zones of active pedogenesis occur within three of these units. The surficial unit is in Holocene sand deposits (mixed, thermic, Argic Xeropsamments), and has darkened A horizons, a slightly reddened subsoil, and incipient lamellae at the depth of wetting front in­ filtration. These lamellae have slightly more day and Fe oxides than the soil above. Mineral weathering is intense at the surface. The other zone of active pedogenesis is at the base of the regolith, where a lithologic discontinuity above the terrace plat­ form forms an aquitard, and throughflow occurs. Meteoric water percolates through thin regolith deposits above the shoreline angle, and at other locations on the terrace where sediment has been removed by erosion. Percolating water carries clay, organic matter, and solutes to the water table. Weathering is intense within this basal unit. Illuviation of clays and Fe oxides, and precipitation of Fe oxides and silica occur within this unit. As pore space is filled, fractures and channels become paths for satu­ rated water flow. Eluviation of Fe occurs at these sites. Most of the intervening regolith is isolated from current pedogenesis by its great depth and a relatively dry Holocene climate. Well-developed lamellae are preserved as relicts of Pleistocene episodes of soil formation. These lamellae formed by illuviation of clay and Fe oxides, and were sites of silica precipitation. The conceptual model presented here is intended to facilitate understanding of pedogenic and geomorphological evolution of marine terrace deposits, and to assist with the interpretation of groundwater flow in these terrace systems. Pedological studies in thick sedimentary sequences are usually limited to the upper few meters. These depths generally encompass the solum and parent material. Some soil studies have recognized deep occurrence of pedogenic Copyright © 1994 Soil Science Society of America, 677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711, USA. Whole Regofirh Pedology. SSSA Special Publication no. 34.
A variable admittance control strategy for stable physical human–robot interaction

Admittance control allows a desired dynamic behavior to be reproduced on a non-backdrivable manipulator and it has been widely used for interaction control and, in particular, for human–robot collaboration. Nevertheless, stability problems arise when the environment (e.g. the human) the robot is interacting with becomes too stiff. In this paper, we investigate the stability issues related to a change of stiffness of the human arm during the interaction with an admittance-controlled robot. We propose a novel method for detecting the rise of instability and a passivity-preserving strategy for restoring a stable behavior. The results of the paper are validated on two robotic setups and with 50 users performing two tasks that emulate industrial operations.
Differential Localization of Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Substrate-1 and CD47 and Its Molecular Mechanisms in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons

Polarized localization of membrane proteins to axons or dendrites is important for a variety of neuronal functions, including neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis during neural development. Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP) substrate-1 (SHPS-1) and its ligand cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47), both of which are members of the Ig superfamily of proteins, are thought to constitute an intercellular communication system in the CNS, although the physiological functions of this CD47-SHPS-1 system remain unknown. To provide insight into these functions, we have now examined the localization of SHPS-1 and CD47 in cultured hippocampal neurons. Endogenous SHPS-1 was detected at the surface of both axons and dendrites, whereas endogenous CD47 was localized predominantly to the surface of dendrites. Forced expression of these two proteins confirmed their distinct localizations. The extracellular regions of SHPS-1 and CD47 were responsible, at least in part, for their axonal and dendritic localizations, respectively; however, the axonal localization of SHPS-1 was not mediated by any one of the three Ig domains in its extracellular region. Overexpression of SHPS-1 and CD47 in distinct neurons resulted in marked accumulation of these proteins at sites of contact between SHPS-1-expressing axons and CD47-expressing dendrites. Such contact sites exhibited an enlarged structure but did not contain the synaptic marker protein vesicle-associated membrane protein-2. These results suggest that differential localization of SHPS-1 and CD47 at axons and dendrites generates a directional intercellular communication system that potentially contributes to regulation of synaptogenesis and the formation of neural networks.
EFFECTS OF GLYCINE BETAINE CONCENTRATIONS ON THE AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF STRAWBERRY GROWN UNDER DEFICIT IRRIGATION CONDITIONS

Glycine betaine (GB) is a quaternary ammonium compound that can be found in a wide range of bacterial, plant and animal species. The exogenous application of GB is a convenient method for the induction of crop tolerance to various abiotic stresses. We examined the effects of different exogenous GB concentrations to deficit irrigation conditions (15% drainage) under soilless condition in terms of morpho-physiological, yield, quality and biochemical features. The different GB concentrations (0, 10 and 20 mM) were used in Fortuna and Albion strawberry cultivars. As a result of the research, GB treatments increased plant growth and yield under deficit irrigation conditions. Fruit weight inclined by 26.29-49.50% and fruit yield by 17.17-39.59% at GB treatments as compared to control. Regarding biochemical content, increasing GB concentrations from 0 mM to 20 mM caused total anthocyanin to decrease, whereas the ascorbic acid increased. Furthermore, the highest yield, fruit firmness, chroma and total anthocyanin were determined in the Fortuna; the highest total soluble solid and ascorbic acid content in the Albion cultivar. Our results showed that the increase in yield and quality was due to exogenous GB applications. Indeed, water stress tolerance varied depending on cultivars.
A second peak of egg excretion in Strongyloides ratti-infected rats: its origin and biological meaning

In Strongyloides ratti-infected rats, 2 peaks of egg excretion were observed; a large one with maximum egg production on days 7–8 of infection and a small more inconspicuous one around day 25. The second peak, which had been ignored in most studies, was produced by adults in the caecum and the colon. The adults were larger in length and had more embryonated eggs in the uterus compared with adults in the small intestine at day 25 post-infection. It is suggested that parasitic adults once expelled from the small intestine resettle and recover in the large intestine. Filter paper faecal culture carried out for 9 days at different days post-infection revealed that the total number of infective larvae that developed during the second peak was twice the number that developed during the first peak, despite the fact that total egg output during the second peak was less than one twentieth of the first peak. The results suggest that the small second peak was as important as the first one in the transmission of S. ratti.
R&D spillovers and the ge-ography of innovation and production

The invention disclosed herein is a liquid fuel composition having reduced soot and smoking characterized comprising a major proportion of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel and a minor proportion of Group IIA and Group IIB metal salts of carboxylic acids. A preferred fuel composition is from 0.1 to 0.6 percent by weight of barium- and zinc 2-ethylhexanoates admixed in diesel fuel, wherein the weight ratio of barium to zinc is about 10 to 1. Further improvement in smoke and soot reduction is obtained in hydrocarbon fuels when an ether is additionally incorporated into the salt and fuel mixture. A mixture of from about 0.1 to 0.6 percent by weight of barium 2-ethylhexanoate and zinc 2-ethylhexanoate, from between 0.2 to 0.5 percent by weight of the monomethyl ether of ethylene glycol and the balance, a diesel fuel, has substantially reduced smoke and soot forming characteristics.
Development of a Nuclear Data Processing Code FRENDY Version 1

Nuclear data processing is an important interface between an evaluated nuclear data library and nuclear transport calculation codes. The Japan Atomic Energy Agency develops a new nuclear data processing code FRENDY in order to process the evaluated nuclear data library JENDL. The current version of FRENDY can generate ACE formatted files for continuous energy Monte Carlo calculation codes such as PHITS and MCNP. It uses the same processing method as NJOY because the implementation of the conventional method is an important step to develop the new code. FRENDY is coded so as to enhance maintainability, modularity, portability and flexibility. FRENDY is written in the object-oriented language C++ to achieve these requirements. The maintainability and modularity are better than the conventional codes written in FORTRAN. Each module is designed to be compact and independent for portability and flexibility. FRENDY is developed not only to process evaluated nuclear data libraries but also to apply the FRENDY modules to other calculation codes. Users can easily use many modules in FRENDY when they add a few lines in their code.
Limited Capability of Regional Lymph Nodes to Eradicate Metastatic Cancer Cells

The capacity of lymph nodes to eradicate cancer is a controversial issue. The purpose of this study was to determine the interplay between tumor growth and host resistance at early stages of lymph node metastasis. A metastasis model was made in the rat mesenteric lymph node, and migration of cancer cells was visualized in vivo. The lymph node was removed for histologic analysis and cytokine measurement. Migrant cancer cells were initially arrested in the marginal sinus. After an initial increase, the number of cancer cells in the marginal sinus declined until 48 hours after inoculation. Germinal centers and lymphoid cells in the medulla proliferated before 48 hours. ED3+ macrophages incorporated apoptotic cancer cells, but significant cancer proliferation occurred after 4 days. Lymph nodes depleted of macrophages were massively invaded by cancer cells. Tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin (IL)-1β in the nodes transiently increased after 1 hour and 3 hours, respectively, and were expressed in ED3+ and ED2+ macrophages, respectively. These changes were followed by a transient increase in IL-2. Interferon-γ and IL-12 did not increase during the early stages of metastasis, but they decreased after 48 hours. In conclusion, the marginal sinus constitutes a mechanical barrier against cancer cell passage. Early pathological manifestations in the regional lymph node are consistent with those in cancer patients with improved survival. Parasinus macrophages play a role in the transient antimetastatic capability of the node, and cytokines secreted by these cells increased at the early stages of metastasis. Deterioration of cytokine induction may be responsible for subsequent cancer proliferation.
Indoor/Outdoor Environmental Parameters and Window-Opening Behavior: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis

In moderate climates, the operation of windows is the most common way to control for thermal comfort. Window-opening behavior (WOB) is a complex process influenced by multiple factors, yet only simple bi-variate analyses between variables obtained from longitudinal datasets have been examined. The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of indoor and outdoor environmental parameters on WOB using a statistical modeling approach called “structural equation modeling. ” The results show that the indoor environmental parameters, such as operative temperature and air velocity, mediated the relationship between the outdoor environmental parameters, such as outdoor air temperature and wind gust, and the WOB. The indoor wet-bulb globe temperature rose as the solar radiation increased, and subsequently, both parameters affected the WOB. Also, an increase in outdoor wind gust led to higher indoor air velocity, which in turn resulted in a lower chance of occupants opening the window. By enhancing our understanding of the relationship between these theoretical parameters, improved design strategies on the mediating parameters can be prioritized and communicated early in the building design phase leading to more informed design decisions.
Mapping Public Engagement with Research in a UK University

Notwithstanding that ‘public engagement’ is conceptualised differently internationally and in different academic disciplines, higher education institutions largely accept the importance of public engagement with research. However, there is limited evidence on how researchers conceptualise engagement, their views on what constitutes engagement and the communities they would (or would not) like to engage with. This paper presents the results of a survey of researchers in the Open University that sought to gather data to fill these gaps. This research was part of an action research project designed to embed engagement in the routine practices of researchers at all levels. The findings indicate that researchers have a relatively narrow view of public engagement with research and the communities with which they interact. It also identified that very few strategically evaluate their public engagement activities. We conclude by discussing some of the interventions we have introduced with the aim of broadening and deepening future researcher engagement.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences and Technology Plastination of Some Cow and Ram Organs in Ghana for Use as Teaching Aids

The plastination procedure was adapted using locally available materials in Ghana to prepare plastinated specimens of the heart and kidneys of a Cow, the lungs and attached trachea of a Ram, and the penis and attached testicles of a Ram for use as teaching aids. The extent of shrinkage varied among the various organs and among the various stages of plastination. For the individual specimens the extents of shrinkages at the beginning and at the end of each plastination stage were not significantly different (P≤0.05) but significantly different (P≤0.05) among the various stages of plastination. The extents of shrinkage among the various organs were not significantly different. Shrinkage was highest at dehydration and the least at fixation. With the exception of the Ram's lung which discoloured and lost its natural shape the plastinated specimens maintained their shapes and are satisfactory for use as teaching aids. Plastination could easily be adapted for preparing teaching aids for science classes at all levels of education in Ghana.
Nb-doped CaO: an efficient electron donor system

Transition metal atoms incorporated into insulating materials (oxides in particular) can deeply modify their adsorption properties. In particular, charge transfer to adsorbed species can be induced by the presence of substitutional dopants, which introduce new electronic states in the band gap of the host crystal. Here we show, by means of density functional theory calculations, that Nb represents an excellent dopant to turn the rather inactive CaO(100) surface into an electron-rich support. The charge transfer ability of the doped material is shown by comparing the adsorption properties of the electronegative Au atoms on pure and Nb-doped CaO. While in the first case the CaO–Au bonding is relatively weak and the Au atom is essentially neutral, in the Nb-doped system a much stronger adhesion is found due to a net charge transfer from the Nb dopant and to the formation of a gold anion. This mechanism occurs also for Nb in high oxidation states. Nb is thus an excellent modifier of the calcium oxide properties.
The Temporal Dynamics of Perceiving Other’s Painful Actions

The present study investigates the temporal dynamics of the brain activity predicting the sensory outcomes of observed hand–object interactions of others. Participants are presented with pictures of a hand grasping or withdrawing from noxious and neutral objects. They are then asked to judge whether this hand–object interaction causes painful consequences. In the early stages of stimulus processing, the effect of action was observed in the event-related potential components N1 and N2. Significant interactions of action × object were observed in the later components P3 and late positive potential (LPP): only when the object was noxious, the action “grasp” elicited a significantly larger amplitude than the action “withdrawal”. These results suggest that: on the one hand, when observing the hand–object interaction from the third-person perspective, the action type of others can be processed in an automatic style. On the other hand, integrating the information of action and object to predict the sensory consequence of this interaction is a top–down, cognitive controlled processing. The current findings are different from previous studies using first-person perspective visual stimuli which support that the processing of hand–object interaction is rapid and automatic.
Brugia malayi Gene Expression in Response to the Targeting of the Wolbachia Endosymbiont by Tetracycline Treatment

Background Brugia malayi, like most human filarial parasite species, harbors an endosymbiotic bacterium of the genus Wolbachia. Elimination of the endosymbiont leads to sterilization of the adult female. Previous biochemical and genetic studies have established that communication with its endobacterium is essential for survival of the worm. Methodology/Principal findings We used electron microscopy to examine the effects of antibiotic treatment on Wolbachia cell structure. We have also used microarray and quantitative RT-PCR analyses to examine the regulation of the B. malayi transcripts altered in response to the anti-Wolbachia treatment. Microscopy of worms taken from animals treated with tetracycline for 14 and 21 days (14 d and 21 d) demonstrated substantial morphologic effects on the Wolbachia endobacterium by 14 d and complete degeneration of the endobacterial structures by 21 d. We observed upregulation of transcripts primarily encoding proteins involved in amino acid synthesis and protein translation, and downregulation of transcripts involved in cuticle biosynthesis after both 7 d and 14 d of treatment. In worms exposed to tetracycline in culture, substantial effects on endobacteria morphology were evident by day 3, and extensive death of the endobacteria was observed by day 5. In a detailed examination of the expression kinetics of selected signaling genes carried out on such cultured worms, a bimodal pattern of regulation was observed. The selected genes were upregulated during the early phase of antibiotic treatment and quickly downregulated in the following days. These same genes were upregulated once more at 6 days post-treatment. Conclusions/Significance Upregulation of protein translation and amino acid synthesis may indicate a generalized stress response induced in B. malayi due to a shortage of essential nutrients/factors that are otherwise supplied by Wolbachia. Downregulation of transcripts involved in cuticle biosynthesis perhaps reflects a disruption in the normal embryogenic program. This is confirmed by the expression pattern of transcripts that may be representative of the worms' response to Wolbachia in different tissues; the early peak potentially reflects the effect of bacteria death on the embryogenic program while the second peak may be a manifestation of the adult worm response to the affected bacteria within the hypodermis.
Specific and early detection of IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis 38kDa antigen in pulmonary tuberculosis.

The objective was to apply the purified 38kDa protein antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in ELISA to estimate the IgG, IgA and IgM antibody levels in sera and circulating immune complexes of tuberculosis patients. Sera from smear and culture positive tuberculosis patients were positive for anti 38kDa IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies, with a sensitivity of 61%, 30% and 10%, respectively, and with a specificity of 100% for IgG. The sensitivity of the test improved to a level of 68% for IgG+IgA and of 71.4% for IgG+IgA+IgM without significantly compromising the specificity (IgG of 100%, IgG+IgA of 96%, IgG+IgA+IgM of 90%). Among the smear, culture-negative but X-ray-positive cases, 60% were serum positive for IgG antibody, while in smear-negative but culture-positive cases, 54% were positive for IgG antibody. Measurement of 38kDa antibodies showed a greater than 95% sensitivity in smear and culture-positive, and smear-negative and culture-positive patients, through a combination of assays for serum IgG and circulating immune complex antibodies, while the specificity was 100%.