Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Initial Outcome and Efficacy of “Kyphoplasty” in the Treatment of Painful Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures

Study Design. An Institutional Review Board-approved Phase I efficacy study of inflatable bone tamp usage in the treatment of symptomatic osteoporotic compression fractures. Objectives. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of inflatable bone tamp reduction and cement augmentation, “kyphoplasty,” in the treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Summary of Background Data. Osteoporotic compression fractures can result in progressive kyphosis and chronic pain. Traditional treatment for these patients includes bed rest, analgesics, and bracing. Augmentation of vertebral compression fractures with polymethylmethacrylate, “vertebroplasty,” has been used to treat pain. This technique, however, makes no attempt to restore the height of the collapsed vertebral body. Kyphoplasty is a new technique that involves the introduction of inflatable bone tamps into the vertebral body. Once inflated, the bone tamps restore the vertebral body back toward its original height while creating a cavity that can be filled with bone cement. Patients and Methods. Seventy consecutive kyphoplasty procedures were performed in 30 patients. The indications included painful primary or secondary osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Mean duration of symptoms was 5.9 months. Symptomatic levels were identified by correlating the clinical data with MRI findings. Perioperative variables and bone tamp complications or issues were recorded and analyzed. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were compared to calculate the percentage height restored. Outcome data were obtained by comparing preoperative and latest postoperative SF-36 data. Results. At the completion of the Phase I study there were no major complications related directly to use of this technique or use of the inflatable bone tamp. In 70% of the vertebral bodies kyphoplasty restored 47% of the lost height. Cement leakage occurred at six levels (8.6 %). SF-36 scores for Bodily Pain 11.6–58.7, (P = 0.0001) and Physical Function 11.7–47.4, (P = 0.002) were among those that showed significant improvement. Conclusions. The inflatable bone tamp was efficacious in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Kyphoplasty is associated with early clinical improvement of pain and function as well as restoration of vertebral body height in the treatment of painful osteoporotic compression fractures.
SUM THEOREMS FOR MAXIMALLY MONOTONE OPERATORS OF TYPE (FPV)

Abstract The most important open problem in monotone operator theory concerns the maximal monotonicity of the sum of two maximally monotone operators provided that the classical Rockafellar’s constraint qualification holds. In this paper, we establish the maximal monotonicity of $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}A+B$ provided that $A$ and $B$ are maximally monotone operators such that ${\rm star}({\rm dom}\ A)\cap {\rm int}\, {\rm dom}\, B\neq \varnothing $, and $A$ is of type (FPV). We show that when also ${\rm dom}\ A$ is convex, the sum operator $A+B$ is also of type (FPV). Our result generalizes and unifies several recent sum theorems.
Seeking Information: Where Do Pregnant Women Go?

As part of a larger investigation of health behaviors and beliefs during pregnancy, a sample of 529 women were asked to identify their major sources of information about what they should and should not do during their pregnancies. Health care providers and books were cited as first or second most important by the largest number of respondents. When associations between respondent characteristics and preferred in formation sources were explored, it was found that women of higher socioeconomic status (SES) relied more on books and less on family than did women of lower SES. In addition, having had a previous pregnancy was associated with greater use of one's self as an information source. Although provider characteristics were not associated with choice of information source, women who perceived more support from their pro viders viewed them as more important sources of information. A similar effect for family was found. Health locus of control beliefs also were related to the relative importance of selected sources of information, while general social support was not.
A Memory-Efficient Reconfigurable Aho-Corasick FSM Implementation for Intrusion Detection Systems

The Aho-Corasick (AC) algorithm is a very flexible and efficient but memory-hungry pattern matching algorithm that can scan the existence of a query string among multiple test strings looking at each character exactly once, making it one of the main options for software-base intrusion detection systems such as SNORT. We present the Split-AC algorithm, which is a reconfigurable variation of the AC algorithm that exploits domain-specific characteristics of intrusion detection to reduce considerably the FSM memory requirements. SplitAC achieves an overall reduction between 28-75% compared to the best proposed implementation.
Cardiovascular co-morbidity in rheumatic diseases

Patients with rheumatic disorders have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This excess co-morbidity is not fully explained by traditional risk factors. Disease severity is a major risk factor for CVD in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Shared disease mechanisms in atherosclerosis and rheumatic disorders include immune dysregulation and inflammatory pathways, which are potential targets for therapy. Lessons from RA and SLE may have implications for future research on the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic vascular disease in general. Recent data indicate that suppression of inflammation reduces the risk of CVD morbidity and mortality in patients with severe RA. The modest, but clinically relevant, efficacy of atorvastatin treatment in RA adds to the evidence for important anti-inflammatory properties for statins. There is increased recognition of the need for structured preventive strategies to reduce the risk of CVD in patients with rheumatic disease. Such strategies should be based on insights into the role of inflammation in CVD, as well as optimal management of life style related risk factors. In this review, the research agenda for understanding and preventing CVD co-morbidity in patients with rheumatic disorders is discussed.
Message Frames Interact With Motivational Systems to Determine Depth of Message Processing

Although several theoretical perspectives predict that negatively framed messages will be processed more deeply than positively framed messages, a recent meta-analysis found no such difference. In this article, the authors explore 2 explanations for this inconsistency. One possibility is methodological: the statistics used in the primary studies underestimated framing effects on depth of message processing because the data were maldistributed. The other is theoretical: the absence of a main effect is veridical, but framing interacts with individual differences that predispose individuals to greater or lesser depth of processing. Data from 2 experiments (Ns = 286 and 252) were analyzed via tobit regression, a technique designed to overcome the limitations of maldistributed data. One study showed the predicted main effect for framing, but the other did not. Both studies showed the anticipated interaction: Depth of processing correlated positively with a measure of the behavioral activation system in the advantage framing condition, whereas depth of processing correlated positively with the behavioral inhibition system in the disadvantage framing condition.
Candida albicans Triggers Activation of Distinct Signaling Pathways to Establish a Proinflammatory Gene Expression Program in Primary Human Endothelial Cells1

Endothelial cells (EC) actively participate in the innate defense against microbial pathogens. Under unfavorable conditions, defense reactions can turn life threatening resulting in sepsis. We therefore studied the so far largely unknown EC reaction patterns to the fungal pathogen Candida albicans, which is a major cause of lethality in septic patients. Using oligonucleotide microarray analysis, we identified 56 genes that were transcriptionally up-regulated and 69 genes that were suppressed upon exposure of ECs to C. albicans. The most significantly up-regulated transcripts were found in gene ontology groups comprising the following categories: chemotaxis/migration; cell death and proliferation; signaling; transcriptional regulation; and cell-cell contacts/intercellular signaling. Further examination of candidate signaling cascades established a central role of the proinflammatory NF-κB pathway in the regulation of the Candida-modulated transcriptome of ECs. As a second major regulatory pathway we identified the stress-activated p38 MAPK pathway, which critically contributes to the regulation of selected Candida target genes such as CXCL8/IL-8. Depletion of MyD88 and IL-1R-associated kinase-1 by RNA interference demonstrates that Candida-induced NF-κB activation is mediated by pattern recognition receptor signaling. Additional experiments suggest that C. albicans-induced CXCL8/IL-8 expression is mediated by TLR3 rather than TLR2 and TLR4, which previously have been implicated with MyD88/IκB kinase-2/NF-κB activation by this fungus in other systems. Our study provides the first comprehensive analysis of endothelial gene responses to C. albicans and presents novel insights into the complex signaling patterns triggered by this important pathogen.
The Psychological Effects on Students of Using Animals in Ways that They See as Ethically, Morally or Religiously Wrong

Studies indicate that more students are opposing the use of invasive procedures on animals. When students are forced to use animals in ways that they view as harmful, painful, stressful or lethal to the animals, several reactions may occur. Such students may suffer psychological trauma as the result of seeing themselves or others engaged in behaviour that they find ethically objectionable. Their cognitive abilities may become impaired, resulting in less learning. They may withdraw and lose interest in science when not given the option to conscientiously object. Students — even those who believe they are willing participants — can become desensitised and may develop a utilitarian view of animals, thereby diminishing their capacity for compassion and ethical decision-making. Qualified, compassionate people — especially women — often decide to end their career in science rather than compromise their values. This loss contributes to the gender gap in science and to individuals feeling disappointed and derailed in their career aspirations. The psychological consequences to individuals combined with social, environmental, educational and scientific consequences present a compelling argument for the 100% replacement of the harmful use of animals in education.
Processing of Social Identity Threats A Defense Motivation Perspective

The underlying process of reactions to social identity threat was examined from a defense motivation perspective. Two studies measured respondents' social identification, after which they read threatening group information. Study 1 compared positive and negative group information, attributed to an ingroup or outgroup source. Study 2 compared negative and neutral group information to general negative information. It was expected that negative group information would induce defense motivation, which reveals itself in biased information processing and in turn affects the evaluation of the information. High identifiers should pay more attention to, have higher threat perceptions of, more defensive thoughts of, and more negative evaluations of negative group information than positive or neutral group information. Findings generally supported these predictions.
Effects of Short-Term Cycling on Knee Joint Proprioception in Healthy Young Persons

Background Criteria are needed for measuring the effects of exercise and fatigue on proprioception. Purpose To measure knee joint proprioception in healthy subjects before and after exercise and to establish a reference for further comparisons of patients with knee injuries. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods We tested proprioception in the knees of 24 healthy subjects with a mean age of 24 years and median Tegner score of 5. Subjects were tested to estimate their thresholds for detecting slow passive motion, from starting positions of 20° and 40° before and after cycling on an ergometer bicycle until the pulse rate reached a steady state level and they reached a score of 14 to 17 on Borg's Ratio of Perceived Exertion scale. Results After cycling, significantly higher threshold values were found for perception of movement toward flexion from both 20° and 40°. No significant differences were seen in measurements of movement toward extension. Conclusions Knee joint proprioception seems to be impaired by exercise or training. Clinical Relevance This impairment may lead to defective dynamic stabilization of the joint, leading to an increased risk of injuries.
mTORC1 signaling governs hematopoietic stem cell quiescence

The stringent regulation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quiescence versus cell cycle progression is essential for the preservation of a pool of long-term self-renewing cells and vital for sustaining an adequate supply of all blood lineages throughout life. Cell growth, the process that is mass increase, serves as a trigger for cell cycle progression and is regulated predominantly by mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Emerging data from various mice models show deletion of several mTORC1 negative regulators, including PTEN, TSC1, PML and Fbxw7 result in similar HSC phenotypes characterized as HSC hyper-proliferation and subsequent exhaustion, and defective repopulating potential. Further pharmacological approaches show that PTEN, TSC1 and PML regulate HSC maintenance through mTORC1. mTORC1-mediated cell growth regulatory circuits thus plays a critical role in the regulation of HSC quiescence.
Radiation absorbed dose from indium-111-CYT-356.

UNLABELLED Indium-CYT-356 is an agent developed by CYTOGEN Inc. (CYT) (Princeton, NJ) for the use in staging patients with prostate cancer. This investigation was performed to provide the human dosimetry needed for Food and Drug Administration approval for routine use in patients. METHODS Biodistribution data collected from three sites were obtained from prostate cancer patients who received diagnostic doses of 111In-CYT-356. Data included blood and urine collections, and the organ uptake value was measured from sequential conjugate whole-body and planar images over a 7-10 day period. Dose contributions from radioactivity in transit through the GI tract were estimated using a compartmental model. The calculations used the MIRD methodology and MIRDOSE 3. RESULTS The total-body dose observed was 0.14 mGy/MBq, and the effective dose was found to be 0.25-0.29 mSv/MBq. The largest organ doses were found for the liver (1.0 mGy/MBq), kidneys (0.67 mGy/MBq) and spleen (0.88 mGy/MBq). CONCLUSION The radiation dose to the patient from a typical 185 MBq administration of 111In-CYT-356 is comparable to the dose from other 111In-labeled whole antibodies used in the diagnosis and management of cancer patients. The inclusion of the GI tract as a source organ increases the effective dose by 18%.
The role of family considerations in an expatriate majority environment

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to add to knowledge on the environment of self‐initiated expatriates and the importance of family in determining expatriate retention. It seeks to explore the role of family in an environment vastly different to that of previous research, one where expatriates are outnumbering citizens four to one. Further, the paper aims to explore familial adjustment differences that emerge amongst the different demographic segments within this expatriate majority environment.Design/methodology/approach – The analysis is based on survey data obtained from 364 self‐initiated expatriates. Beyond a thorough demographic analysis providing additional background, data to test hypotheses were analyzed using SPSS and, where suitable, independent samples t‐test or one‐way ANOVA.Findings – Evidence was found of what can be described as an environment easing expatriate adjustment as well as questioning the impact of many of the problems previously identified in literature on expatriates. Find.
The Role of Previous Mother-Child Scaffolding in Head Start Children’s Structuring of Problem-Solving Tasks With a Peer

This study further extends scaffolding research to mother-child dyads (N = 51) in poverty, examining relationships between maternal scaffolding and 4-year-old Head Start children’s own later scaffolding behaviors. At Time 1, experimental group children received maternal scaffolding during problem-solving tasks, whereas control group children carried out the tasks without assistance. At Time 2, all children provided scaffolding to a novice adult who acted as a peer unfamiliar with the task. Verbal and nonverbal scaffolding strategies were coded, and children’s verbal skills and social competence were measured. The simple presence or absence of earlier scaffolding did not differentiate child tutors. However, tutoring strategies used by experimental group children during the child-novice problem-solving task were similar to those used earlier by their mothers. After controlling for children’s verbal skills and social competence, mothers’ use of active nonverbal strategies (but not active verbal strategies) was predictive of similar behaviors in their children.
Crossing Borders with Personnel Selection: From Expatriates to Multicultural Teams

textabstractPersonnel selection is one of the main activities of the industrial and organizational psychologist. Yet, little is known about whether principles of personnel selection that have been developed in domestic and mainly Western (i.e., North American and European) contexts will apply in intercultural workplaces, such as those faced by expatriates. The present dissertation presents one theoretical investigation and four empirical studies into personnel selection in the intercultural and ‘alter’ cultural context, with a particular focus on both the predictors and the criteria that may be successfully employed for the selection of expatriates. In this introductory chapter, Binning and Barrett’s (1989) elaborated model for personnel decisions research is used to frame the different chapters in this dissertation. Next, this opening chapter introduces some of the main characteristics of constructs employed in the subsequent chapters. In all, three research questions that will be addressed in Chapters 2-7 are posed. These are: 1) Can performance be adequately and accurately assessed in the cross-cultural industrial and organizational psychological context (i.e. across jobs and cultural contexts), and can it be related to individual differences variables that might be employed for purposes of personnel selection? 2) Can the Five Factor Model (FFM) dimensions be usefully employed as predictors of various outcomes (i.e., job and training performance and expatriation willingness) within the crosscultural industrial-organizational psychological context? And, 3) Will predictors that match the criterion in specificity and content demonstrate a higher redictive validity than predictors that do not?
Phasic Firing of Single Neurons in the Rat Nucleus Accumbens Correlated with the Timing of Intravenous Cocaine Self-Administration

To examine potential neural mechanisms involved in cocaine self-administration, the activity of single neurons in the nucleus accumbens of rats was recorded during intravenous cocaine self-administration. Lever pressing was reinforced according to a fixed-ratio 1 schedule. On a time base comparable to the interinfusion interval, half the neurons exhibited phasic firing patterns time locked to the cocaine reinforced lever press. For almost all neurons, this pattern consisted of a change in firing rate postpress, typically a decrease, followed by a reversal of that change. The postpress change was closely related to the lever press. Typically, it began within the first 0.2 min postpress and culminated within the first 1.0 min postpress. For a small portion of responsive neurons, the reversal of the postpress change was punctate and occurred within 1–3 min of either the last lever press or the next lever press so that firing was stable during much of the interinfusion interval. For the majority of neurons, the reversal was progressive; it began within 2 min after the previous lever press, and it was not complete until the last 0.1–2.0 min before the next lever press. The duration of this progressive reversal, but not of the postpress change, was positively correlated with the interinfusion interval. Thus, in addition to exhibiting changes in firing related to the occurrence of self-infusion, the majority of neurons also exhibited progressive changes in firing related to the spacing of infusions. In a structure that has been shown to be necessary for cocaine self-administration, such a firing pattern is a likely neurophysiological component of the mechanism that transduces declining drug levels into increased drug-related appetitive behavior. It is, thus, a neural mechanism that may contribute to compulsive drug-maintained drug taking.
Child Sexual Assault as a Risk Factor for Mental Disorders Among Women

A community sample of 391 adult women was screened for a history of sexual assault during childhood and assessed for lifetime and current mental disorders using a structured victimization history interview and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. One third of the women had been victims of rape, molestation, or sexual assault not involving physical contact prior to the age of 18 years. Child rape victims were more likely than nonvictims to have ever met DSM-III diagnostic criteria for a major depressive episode, agoraphobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social phobia, and sexual disorders. Molestation victims were overrepresented on major depressive episode, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and sexual disorders. Noncontact child sexual assault was not a significant risk factor for any disorder. Child rape and molestation victims were more likely than victims of noncontact assault to have had crime-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Mental disorder lifetime prevalence risk ratios for child rape and molestation victims versus nonvictims ranged from 1.5 for major depressive episode to 6.7 for obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Profile Analysis of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised

Seventy-seven children referred for psychological evaluations to a school psychology training clinic in Pennsylvania and 192 children referred for psychological evaluations through the public schools in Nebraska had their WISC-R subtest scores profile analyzed, with four distinct profiles identified. Cross-validation indicated that the four profiles were similar across the two samples. Profile elevation, scatter, and shape scores were calculated for each child in the combined samples. The use of these scores in a stepwise multiple regression procedure indicated that profile elevation was the major predictor of academic achievement. Shape values added significant but almost inconsequential variance to the predictions of both Reading and Arithmetic. Scatter in dices did not aid in the prediction of achievement. The meaning and usefulness of WISC-R profile analysis is discussed.