Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Probing the structural validity of the Self-Beliefs in Social Anxiety Scale (SBSA): Adaptation and validation in a French-speaking community sample

Clark and Wells’ (1995) model of social phobia proposes that there are 3 types of maladaptive self-beliefs responsible for social anxiety (high standard, conditional, and unconditional beliefs). Wong and Moulds (2009) recently developed the 15-item Self-Beliefs Social Anxiety (SBSA) scale that measures the strength of the self-belief types proposed by this model. They tested the structural validity of the SBSA and found that a correlated 3-factor model best fitted the data. However, they conducted their analyses on an undergraduate sample restricted in terms of age range and educational levels. Additionally, no previous study has tested whether this 3-factor solution is replicable. Moreover, no cross-cultural adaptation of the scale has been conducted. The present study was designed to address these issues. We tested whether the SBSA best fit with a 3-factor solution among a French-speaking community sample (N = 611). Confirmatory factor analyses replicated the model implied by Wong and Moulds (2011a), and, more generally, the theoretical model of Clark and Wells (1995). Moreover, good scale reliability and concurrent validity were observed.
Neurocysticercosis and epilepsy in developing countries

I have several comments to make about the article by Pal et al 1 on neurocysticercosis and epilepsy in developing countries. The title should refer to “neurocysticercosis in India“ because almost all examples deal with that country, despite the fact that, as the authors correctly state, it is a disease found in many developing countries. Furthermore, several statements made by the authors do not reflect the knowledge gathered in Mexico, which is summarised in this letter. The authors indicate in the text that “Population control measures have not shown long term effectiveness” . ”There is little epidemiological data on risk factors” . ”Migration from the countryside …
Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in Pain Syndromes: A Comparative Study with Major Depression

Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in pain syndromes: A comparative study with major depression Objective: In this study, it is aimed to compare the level of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) of patients with migraine and fibromyalgia to that of depressive patients and healthy subjects in order to answer the question whether stress is related to pain syndromes. Methods: In the migraine group 27 patients and in the fibromyalgia group 19 patients without any previous antidepressant treatment and psychiatric diagnosis were included. In the depression group, 24 patients with at least eight weeks of antidepressant-free period were invited to the study. In the depression group no co-morbid diagnosis in the first axis was made. Twentysix subjects without any previous psychiatric diagnosis and psychiatric treatment consisted the control group. For making diagnosis of depression and other first axis disorders Structured Clinical Interview for DSM- IV (SCID-I) was used in all study groups. For the assessment of the severity of depression Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) was applied. The diagnosis of migraine was made according to the criteria of International Headache Society. For the diagnosis of the fibromyalgia the criteria of American College of Rheumatology was used. The severity of pain was assessed with visual analogue scale (VAS) in the migraine and fibromyalgia groups. Serum BDNF was kept at -70°C before testing, and assayed with an ELISA Kit (Promega; Madison, WI, USA), after dilution with the Block and Sample solution provided with the kit. The data were subjected to Kruskal Wallis Test in the comparison of serum BDNF levels. Results: The serum BDNF level of the depression group (21.2±11.3 ng/ml) was statistically lower (p<0.0001) than the level of the migraine group (32.2±10.1 ng/ml), fibromyalgia group (30.7±8.9 ng/ml) and the control group (31.4±8.8 ng/ml). The level of BDNF was not significantly different in the migraine, fibromyalgia and control groups. There was no significant correlation between serum BDNF levels, and age and gender. In pain syndromes there was no signification correlation between serum BDNF levels, and mean scores of HAMD and VAS (r= 0.085; p= 0.579 and r= 0.191; p= 0.204 respectively). Similarly there was no significant correlation between serum BDNF levels and HAM-D scores in the depression group (r=0.122; p= 0.579). Conclusions: Even though the pain syndromes were suggested to be associated with stress, in this present work, serum BDNF level as one of the markers of stress does not support this hypothesis. This might be related to the factor that in pain syndromes such as fibromyalgia or migraine, serum BDNF level may be affected by the alteration in peripheral platelet functions. Furthermore in a limited chronic stress serum BDNF levels tend to be not affected and this may play a significant role in our results.
Five fundamental mistakes of criminal justice

The often confusing, sometimes bizarre, nature of crime and justice in contemporary society is shown to result from five fundamental mistakes in criminal justice: (1) the failure to consider an explanation of crime based on ethical decision making, given the inadequacies of positivistic, classical, and structural approaches; (2) the failure to devote more attention to generally poor police training and low clearance rates; (3) the failure to realize that winning cases and moving caseloads have overshadowed the original purposes of truth and justice in the adjudication process; (4) the failure to consider an alternative approach to corrections based on punishment and rehabilitation rather than punishment or rehabilitation; and (5) the failure to pay greater attention to the early lives of young people and their families, from whom much subsequent criminal behavior emerges. Evidence attesting to these failures is presented, and recommendations for overcoming them are indicated.
Using the Myers-Briggs type indicator (MBTI) in the teaching of entrepreneurial skills

This study examined the relationships between students' personality styles and their intentions to become an entrepreneur, after completing a course in entrepreneurship education. Results indicated that, the majority of the students were extroverted, intuitive, thinking-judging, (ENTJ); introverted-sensing, thinking-judging (ISTJ); extraverted-sensing, feeling-judging (ESFJ) or extroverted-sensing, thinking-perceiving (ESTP). The students in this study had moderate intention in a new business start-up. The researchers found that, students with extraversion and sensing personality types had higher level of entrepreneurial intentions than students with introversion and intuitive styles. The result of this study has implications for higher education which entrepreneurship educators should not adopt, a "one style fits all" approach in the classroom. Key words: Entrepreneurship education, cognitive styles, intentions, personality types, Myers-Brigs Type Indicator (MBTI).
Spamscatter: Characterizing Internet Scam Hosting Infrastructure

Unsolicited bulk e-mail, or SPAM, is a means to an end. For virtually all such messages, the intent is to attract the recipient into entering a commercial transaction -- typically via a linked Web site. While the prodigious infrastructure used to pump out billions of such solicitations is essential, the engine driving this process is ultimately the "point-of-sale" -- the various money-making "scams" that extract value from Internet users. In the hopes of better understanding the business pressures exerted on spammers, this paper focuses squarely on the Internet infrastructure used to host and support such scams. We describe an opportunistic measurement technique called spamscatter that mines emails in real-time, follows the embedded link structure, and automatically clusters the destination Web sites using image shingling to capture graphical similarity between rendered sites. We have implemented this approach on a large real-time spam feed (over 1M messages per week) and have identified and analyzed over 2,000 distinct scams on 7,000 distinct servers.
Studies on adrenocortical carcinoma of rat cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activities.

Summary Cyclic 3′,5′-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activities of the homogenates of normal adrenal and adrenocortical carcinoma tissues of the rat have been measured. The rates of hydrolysis of cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate, cyclic inosine 3′,5′-monophosphate, cyclic uridine 3′,5′-monophosphate, cyclic cytidine 3′,5′-monophosphate, and cyclic thymdine 3′,5′-monophosphate by the homogenates of normal rat adrenal were considerably higher than those shown by the homogenates of the adrenocortical carcinoma of the rat. A multiplicity of K m 9s for cAMP phosphodiesterase enzymes was not observed in either the normal rat adrenal or in the adrenocortical tumor. The K m values for cAMP phosphodiesterases of normal adrenal and adrenocortical carcinoma 494 were 23.9 and 17.8 µm, respectively. These results suggest that lack of corticosteroidogenic response to adrenocorticotropin in the tumor may not be explained on the basis of its phosphodiesterase activity but may be at a site beyond the formation of cAMP.
Review: Websites Mediatized Ethnicity and the Politics of Complicity as Told From the City of Pines

ISSN 1655-1524 Print / ISSN 2012-0796 Online This review article examines two Internet texts about Baguio City in northern Philippines that bear on tradition, land, and performed ethnicities, which implicate the state’s policy on the environment and ancestral domain claims. These texts are: (a) screen capture of the mayor of Baguio City from the website of his off ice; and (b) screen capture of an online post of the virtual persona of user “Grace Bandoy” on Facebook, using an assemblage of photographs and text.
What’s at Stake in High-Stakes Testing

This article reports findings from interviews with 59 teachers and 20 parents in two large states. Both have standards, attendant benchmarks, and standardized tests to assess students on the standards. Interview protocols from teachers and parents rendered data informing us about (a) teacher and parent knowledge of state standards and testing; (b) teacher test administration and student preparation practices; (c) effects of tests on teachers, parents, and students; (d) how teachers make instructional decisions based on these tests; and (e) the value of such tests. Teachers and parents were unanimous about (a) the intense stress on all involved, (b) the undermining of meaningful instruction and learning, and (c) the high stakes involved. Differences existed between teachers and parents in the two states. Implications address the need for stakeholders in children’s education to make known the deleterious effects of state testing to those in charge of state-mandated testing.
Neurophysiological Correlates of Configural Face Processing in Schizotypy

Background: Face processing impairment in schizophrenia appears to be underpinned by poor configural (as opposed to feature-based) processing; however, few studies have sought to characterize this impairment electrophysiologically. Given the sensitivity of event-related potentials to antipsychotic medications, and the potential for neurophysiological abnormalities to serve as vulnerability markers for schizophrenia, a handful of studies have investigated early visual P100 and face-selective N170 in “at risk” populations. However, this is the first known neurophysiological investigation of configural face processing in a non-clinical schizotypal sample. Methods: Using stimuli designed to engage configural processing in face perception (upright and inverted Mooney and photographic faces), P100 and N170 components were recorded in healthy individuals characterized by high (N = 14) and low (N = 14) schizotypal traits according to the Oxford–Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences. Results: High schizotypes showed significantly reduced N170 amplitudes to inverted photographic faces. Typical N170 latency and amplitude inversion effects (delayed and enhanced N170 to inverted relative to upright photographic faces, and enhanced amplitude to upright versus inverted Mooney faces), were demonstrated by low, but not high, schizotypes. No group differences were shown for P100 analyses. Conclusions: The findings suggest that neurophysiological deficits in processing facial configurations (N170) are apparent in schizotypy, while the early sensory processing (P100) of faces appears intact. This work adds to the mounting evidence for analogous neural processing anomalies at the healthy end of the psychosis continuum.
A Modified Direct Power Control Strategy Allowing the Connection of Three-Phase Inverters to the Grid Through $LCL$ Filters

This paper proposes a novel approach to adapt a conventional direct power control (DPC) for high-power applications, where a third-order LCL filter is frequently required. The LCL filter can cause a strong resonance and requires additional effort for system control. The application of a DPC for the control of a three-phase voltage source inverter that is connected to the grid through an filter has not yet been considered. The addition of an active damping strategy, together with a harmonic rejection control loop, to the conventional DPC is proposed and analyzed in this paper. The steady-state, as well as the dynamic performance of the proposed system, is verified with simulation results and experimental measurements.
Does Effort Still Count?

Previous research has examined differences between students and faculty regarding the weight of effort in assigning grades. Here, students and faculty responded to questions regarding the relative weight of performance and effort on final grades and what letter grades faculty should assign across different types of courses. The authors asked these questions in 2 scenarios: (a) high effort, poor performance (students worked hard but performed poorly) and (b) low effort, high performance (students performed well but did not work hard). Results showed that, as in previous research, students and faculty differed in how they would assign grades, and students gave more weight to effort than faculty did. Students responded differently in low- and high-effort conditions, whereas faculty remained consistent in their assessments.
Pulcinella, or the metaphysics of the nulla: in between politics and theatre

This article argues that Pulcinella, a figure of classical Italian commedia dell’arte, could also be considered as emblematic for the reordering of politics in the early-modern and modern periods. By placing emphasis on the common underlying theatrical aspects of ‘representation’, it effectively connects the absolutist and democratic periods and helps us to understand why actors and acting came to play such a prominent role in contemporary politics, whether as politicians imitating actors, or as actors actually becoming politicians. The article also shows that this sublimation of theatre into politics is not even a contemporary phenomenon but can be traced back to the ancient mime, following the origins of Pulcinella, and the first crisis of democracy, in classical Athens, in the footsteps of Plato.
Internally directed cognition and mindfulness: an integrative perspective derived from predictive and reactive control systems theory

In the present paper, we will apply the predictive and reactive control systems (PARCS) theory as a framework that integrates competing theories of neural substrates of awareness by describing the “default mode network” (DMN) and anterior insula (AI) as parts of two different behavioral and homeostatic control systems. The DMN, a network that becomes active at rest when there is no external stimulation or task to perform, has been implicated in self-reflective awareness and prospection. By contrast, the AI is associated with awareness and task-related attention. This has led to competing theories stressing the role of the DMN in self-awareness vs. the role of interoceptive and emotional information integration in the AI in awareness of the emotional moment. In PARCS, the respective functions of the DMN and AI in a specific control system explains their association with different qualities of awareness, and how mental states can shift from one state (e.g., prospective self-reflection) to the other (e.g., awareness of the emotional moment) depending on the relative dominance of control systems. These shifts between reactive and predictive control are part of processes that enable the intake of novel information, integration of this novel information within existing knowledge structures, and the creation of a continuous personal context in which novel information can be integrated and understood. As such, PARCS can explain key characteristics of mental states, such as their temporal and spatial focus (e.g., a focus on the here and now vs. the future; a first person vs. a third person perspective). PARCS further relates mental states to brain states and functions, such as activation of the DMN or hemispheric asymmetry in frontal cortical functions. Together, PARCS deepens the understanding of a broad range of mental states, including mindfulness, mind wandering, rumination, autobiographical memory, imagery, and the experience of self.
Creating the Responsible Consumer: Moralistic Governance Regimes and Consumer Subjectivity

Responsible consumption conventionally stems from an increased awareness of the impact of consumption decisions on the environment, on consumer health, and on society in general. We theorize the influence of moralistic governance regimes on consumer subjectivity to make the opposite case: responsible consumption requires the active creation and management of consumers as moral subjects. Building on the sociology of governmentality, we introduce four processes of consumer responsibilization that, together, comprise the P.A. C.T. routine (personalization, authorization, capabilization, and transformation). After that, we draw on a longitudinal analysis of problem-solving initiatives at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, to explore the role of P.A. C.T. in the creation of four, now commonplace, responsible consumer subjects: the bottom-of-the-pyramid consumer, the green consumer, the health-conscious consumer, and the financially literate consumer. Our analysis informs extant macro-level theorizations of market and consumption systems. We also contribute to prior accounts of responsibilization, marketplace mythologies, consumer subjectivity, and transformative consumer research.
A comparison of lexical and sentence-level context effects in event-related potentials

Abstract Event-related brain potentials elicited by lexically associated and unassociated word pairs embedded in normal or semantically anomalous sentences were recorded in order to compare the influences of lexical and sentential context. The design of the experiment was such that second words of associated pairs in anomalous sentences could be subject to lexical context alone, while the second words of unassociated pairs in normal sentences could draw on both types of context, while unassociated words in anomalous sentences were included as a control condition wherein no context effects were expected. N400 amplitude was reduced by both lexical and sentential contexts, and the onset latencies of the two effects were similar. The sentential context effect proved to be longer in duration, and exhibited greater variability across subjects. The amplitude of the purely sentential context effect was predictive of subsequent recognition accuracy for other words occurring in the same sentence. The amplitude of t.
A Cross-Level Investigation of the Relationship Between Career Management Practices and Career-Related Attitudes

The relationship between an organization’s use of various career management practices and career attitudes was examined in a multisource, cross-level field study using organization-level data from 65 companies and individual-level data from 1,876 employees. A bundle approach was used to categorize 16 career management practices into clusters. As expected, the career management bundle associated with future strategic planning was positively related to satisfaction with the promotion process and negatively related to perceptions of job content plateauing. Consistent with research on strategic human resource management, significant interactions were found between some of the career management bundles in predicting satisfaction with the promotion process. A significant interaction was also found between the career management bundle of future strategic planning and sex, in terms of predicting satisfaction with the promotion process. Implications for theory and applied research are discussed.
Computing in Everyday Life: A Call for Research on Experiential Computing

The information systems field emerged as a new discipline of artificial science as a result of intellectual efforts to understand the nature and consequences of computer and communication technology in modern organizations. As the rapid development of digital technology continues to make computers and computing a part of everyday experiences, we are once again in need of a new discipline of the artificial. In this essay, I argue that the IS community must expand its intellectual boundaries by embracing experiential computing as an emerging field of inquiry in order to fill this growing intellectual void. Experiential computing involves digitally mediated embodied experiences in everyday activities through everyday artifacts that have embedded computing capabilities. Experiential computing is enabled by the mediation of four dimensions of human experiences (time, space, actors, and artifacts) through digital technology. Drawing on a research framework that encompasses both behavioral and design sciences, six research opportunities that the IS research community can explore are suggested. Ultimately, I propose that the IS field return to its roots, the science of the artificial, by decisively expanding the scope of its inquiry and establishing a new domain of research on computing in everyday life experiences.
`Every Time I Do It I Absolutely Annihilate Myself': Loss of (Self-)Consciousness and Loss of Memory in Young People's Drinking Narratives

Young people's alcohol consumption has been the focus of heightened concern over `binge drinking' in social policy, academic research and popular culture. A normalized culture of intoxication is now central to many young people's social lives, playing an important role in the night-time economy of towns and cities across the UK. In this article we draw on the findings of a study on the significance of alcohol consumption in the everyday lives of `ordinar y' young adult drinkers to explore the significance of loss of consciousness and loss of memory in their drinking stories. Through an analysis of focus group discussions with 89 young women and men aged 18 to 25, we explore the role of `passing out stories' in the classed and gendered domain of young people's alcohol consumption in the neo-liberal social order, focussing on the constitution of risk and pleasure in their accounts.