Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Demonstrating a Runtime Machine-Centric Emergent Software Architecture Framework

Current solutions to self-adaptive software architecture are very human-centric, depending on humans to define policies or update models that guide software adaptation at runtime. We argue that this approach is not sufficient to provide fast responses to continual changes that occur in the current operating environment. Our approach derives a continually emergent software architecture by: autonomously exploring all possible architectures that can be used to realise a given software system; monitoring that system in execution in terms of its performance and its operating environment; and identifying the optimal architecture for each set of operating environment conditions that are encountered. This demonstration illustrates our framework in two scenarios: first, we enable participants to act as the autonomous agent, exploring various possible architectures over time, and manually constructing the rules by which adaptation will be driven, thereby demonstrating the complexity of human-centric architectural adaptation; and second, we then show a fully autonomous system that performs the same tasks automatically, resulting in emergent software architectures that are highly responsive to changes in the operating environment. Both scenarios are visualised through a graphical user interface.
Factors Associated With Hospital Length of Stay Following Fibular Free-Tissue Reconstruction of Head and Neck Defects: Assessment Using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) Criteria.

IMPORTANCE Cost containment is at the forefront of responsible health care delivery. One way to decrease costs is to decrease hospital length of stay (LOS). Data are lacking on factors contributing to LOS in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) undergoing fibular free-tissue reconstruction (FFTR) of head and neck defects. OBJECTIVE To identify factors contributing to increased LOS following FFTR of head and neck defects in patients with HNC using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) methodology. DESIGN Retrospective medical record review, with reference to the ACS NSQIP form, of 30 consecutive patients with HNC undergoing FFTR of head and neck defects in a single tertiary academic institution from July 2013 through June 2014. Data were collected on demographic and tumor characteristics, preoperative risk factors, operative variables, and postoperative adverse events. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Factors associated with increased hospital LOS. RESULTS Median LOS was 10 days (range, 8-31 days), and patients were divided into 2 groups (LOS, ≤ 10 days [n = 16]; and LOS, >10 days [n = 14]). There were no significant differences in demographics, tumor characteristics, or preoperative medical comorbidities between the 2 groups. Univariate analysis demonstrated that operative time, ventilator dependence, wound event, and altered mental status were associated with longer LOS. Multivariate analysis revealed significant association with LOS greater than 10 days for operative time of longer than 11 hours (odds ratio [OR], 7.26; 95% CI, 1.12-47.29; P = .04) and ventilator dependence for more than 48 hours postoperatively (OR, 12.05; 95% CI, 1.06-137.43; P = .045). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Evaluated by the ACS NSQIP criteria, FFTR of head and neck defects in patients with HNC was associated with LOS longer than 10 days for procedures lasting longer than 11 hours and for patients who are ventilator dependent for more than 48 hours.
Internationalisation in Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Higher Education: A Call for Further Reflexivity in Curriculum Development

Social scientists have long-identified the importance of reflexivity and of positioning the researcher as an embodied and emotional presence in the design of studies, and the collection, analysis, interpretation and presentation of data. In doing so they,"reveal, understand and analyse, not only the product of knowledge but its production and therefore, its producer" (Aldridge, 1993:53 [author's original emphasis]). Such work problematises the notion of investigation as a straightforward and impersonal activity and interrogates the power relationships inherent in it. Curricula in Higher Education (HE), on the other hand, often appear simply to have evolved with little open acknowledgement of the cultural, political and personal dimensions of that process.
Islamic Feminism Revisited

Women in almost every Muslim society have placed issues of women's rights firmly at the heart of their societies' politics. Women-centered secular religious and/or nonreligious perspectives and activities, through their resistance against Islamist gender politics, have introduced a new dynamism into debates over religion and the secular and the separation of state and faith. This essay questions the outcome for women who in their continued and persistent intellectual tendencies push for Islamic feminism as the only homegrown, locally produced, and culturally appropriate frame for feminist activism in Muslim-majority countries.
Value consensus and need complementarity in mate selection.

For college couples who were seriously considering marriage, measures of need complementarity (Schutz's FIRO scales) and value consensus (Farber's index of consensus) were compared with progress toward permanence over a seven month period. Consensus was found to be significantly related to progress for only the short-term couples, and complementarity was significant for only the long-term couples. These findings are interpreted as indicating that a series of "filtering factors" operate in mate selection with social status variables (class, religion, etc.) operating early in the relationship, consensus on values somewhat later, and need complementarity still later. The delay in the effectiveness of the complementarity factor is seen as due to stylized boy-girl interaction and unrealistic idealization of the loved one in the early stages of the relationship.
Simulation of Metaphorical Actions and Discourse Comprehension

Recent findings indicate that comprehension of sentences describing metaphorical abstract concepts arises from simulation of motor experience of the described event. Two experiments investigated whether action simulation influences “offline” comprehension at a more global discourse level. Participants read a text describing a protagonist making metaphorical forward movements while their body movement (Experiment 1) and body posture (Experiment 2) were manipulated to be either prepared or not prepared for processing of action-congruent information. “Offline” explicit and implicit processing of discourse were measured on accuracy to comprehension questions and the time it took participants to recognize words from discourse as well as judge sentences as correct or incorrect with respect to the content of text. Results revealed that action simulation affected recognition (Experiments 1 and 2) and judgment times (Experiment 1) regarding explicit comprehension measures, and accuracy and judgment times regarding implicit comprehension measures (Experiments 1 and 2). Findings support the conclusion that a simulation system might affect to a greater extent comprehensive processing of information based on deduction and interpretation than shallow processing based on information explicitly provided in the text.
Regulation of delayed‐type hypersensitivity. III. Effect of cyclophosphamide on the suppressor cells for delayed‐type hypersensitivity to sheep erythrocytes in mice

A previous study (Eur. J. Immunol. 1977. 7: 714) has shown that mice injected intravenously (i.v.) with 1 × 109 sheep red blood cells (SRBC) produce cells which suppress delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH). These suppressor cells are Θ‐positive, antigen‐specific and act via a soluble factor which does not bear immunoglobulin determinants (Eur. J. Immunol. 1978. 8: 168). The present paper demonstrates that these suppressor cells are inhibitable by cyclophosphamide (CY). Mice injected with graded amounts of CY two days prior to SRBC injection, showed maximum augmentation of DTH at 200 mg/kg body weight, a dose which completely suppressed the appearance of splenic plaque‐forming cells (PFC) to SRBC. In contrast, lower doses of CY enhanced both DTH and PFC responses. Time course studies showed that CY inhibited the precursors of suppressor cells and had little or no effect on suppressor cells which have already encountered antigens. This was further confirmed by passive transfer studies which showed that suppressor cells were inhibited if CY was administered at the same time or 2 days before SRBC injection, but were not affected if CY was given after antigen stimulation. Direct evidence for the effect of CY on suppressor cells was obtained by cell fractionation with a Ficoll density gradient. The denser suppressor cell population was absent from the spleens of mice treated with 200 mg/kg of CY 2 days before i.v. injection with 1 × 109 SRBC.
Concurrent methylation of promoters from tumor associated genes predicts outcome in acute myeloid leukemia

By assessment of the methylation status of 25 candidate tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in 119 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and 5 controls, we aimed to determine whether simultaneous methylation of multiple TSGs exerts prognostic impact. Methylation-specific multiplex ligation probe amplification (MS-MLPA) revealed methylation of at least one TSG in 59/119 patients, while no methylation was found in controls. Methylation of different TSGs within patients was substantially correlated (intra-class correlation; 0.38). ESR1 methylation (34/119) strongly predicted concurrent methylation of other genes, OR 7.33 (95%CI 4.13–12.99). A Cox regression model that included the three most frequently methylated TSGs ESR1, CDKN2B/p15 and IGSF4, showed ESR1 to have opposite effects on overall survival (OS) compared with the other two, HR 0.22 (95% CI 0.09–0.53) and HR 1.66 (95% CI 0.73–3.79), HR 1.61 (95%CI 0.66–3.93). By assessment of CDKN2B/p15 and IGSF4 methylation, patients with methylation at multiple loci can be identified. Accumulation of methylation aberrancies is much more pronounced in ESR1 methylated patients. When combined, the methylation status of ESR1, CDKN2B/p15 and IGSF4 enable identification of patient subgroups with large differences in OS (p <0.0001). This study shows that methylation profiling allows risk stratification in AML. In addition, ESR1 methylation may reflect a biological pathway that leads to hypermethylation of multiple genes, which is reflected by methylation of IGSF4 and/or CDKN2B/p15.
Admission Officers’ Impressions of Homeschooled Applicants in Evangelical and Nonevangelical Colleges and Universities

Impressions of admission officers toward homeschooled applicants were examined. Specifically, this study sought to ascertain whether the perceptions of admission officers adhered to the common stereotype that homeschoolers are brighter and yet socially less well-adjusted than average. The responses of 121 admission officers were analyzed across several variables to determine which were associated with the homeschooler stereotype. The variables explored were politically conservative versus liberal, level of religious commitment, working or not working at a Christian college or university, size of institution, and years of employment as an admission officer. Chi-square analyses revealed that admission officers working at member institutions of the Council for Christian College & Universities (CCCU) were found to be more likely to view homeschooled applicants as less socially adjusted than admission officers not working at member institutions of the CCCU. Correlational analyses indicated that the more politically conservative admission officers were, the more likely they were to view homeschooled applicants as academically superior, more likely to consider homeschooling their own children, and more likely to perceive their institution to be homeschooler friendly. Religious attitudes and size of insitution were not predictive. Years as admission officer tended to predict not endorsing the homeschooler stereotype. Potential explanations of the findings are discussed, including the possibility of confirmation bias. Some of the findings are counter-intuitive. Practical implications for those working as admission officers in Christian higher education are also presented.
Influences of perceived sport competence on physical activity enjoyment in early adolescents

In the sport and physical activity (PA) field, enjoyment is a positive affective response to the sport experience (Scanlan & Simons, 1992) and it can also be considered an important factor in promoting active lifestyles and regular PA among school-aged children (Carraro, Young, & Robazza, 2008). Although PA enjoyment depends primarily on intrinsic factors, sport competence may influence PA enjoyment (Carroll & Loumidis, 2003). We investigated the effects of perceived sport competence on PA enjoyment, initially expecting that perceived sport competence could be predictive of high levels of PA enjoyment. At present, there are no studies in which the influences of perceived sport competence on PA enjoyment have been examined with Italian adolescents. A review revealed that the sport literature features only one study on this topic conducted with English children (Biddle, Wang, Chatzisarantis, & Spray, 2003) in which it was found that levels of sport competence did not seem to influence their levels of enjoyment. This study was carried out to increase the existing body of knowledge about the relationship between perceived sport competence and enjoyment.
Picropodophyllotoxin or podophyllotoxin does not induce cell death via insulin-like growth factor-I receptor.

To the Editor: The cyclolignan picropodophyllotoxin (PPP) was recently launched as an anticancer drug specifically targeting insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR; ref. [1][1]). PPP is an epimer of podophyllotoxin (PPT), an established inhibitor of microtubule assembly used to treat
Publication trends in the Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism

Background: The Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism (IJEM) has been online since 2007. Materials and Methods: This paper reviews the publication in this journal over a 3-year period (2007-2009). It assess the types of articles published, the coverage of various subspecialities of endocrinology and metabolism in the journal, and explores the authorship patterns in the publication. Methods: This paper reviews the publication in this journal over a 3-year period (2007-2009). It assess the types of articles published, the coverage of various subspecialities of endocrinology and metabolism in the journal, and explores the authorship patterns in the publication. Results and Conclusion: IJEM has delivered broad-based, balanced coverage of endocrinology and metabolism between 2007 and 2009, with contributions from all over India, as well as abroad. The largest contributor of original articles has been AIIMS, New Delhi, while the bulk of review/update articles, case reports and images have been contributed by SKIMS, Srinagar.
David Ingram, Phonological disability in children. Studies in language disability and remediation 2 . London: Edward Arnold. Pp xvii 167.

In the first chapter of this book Ingram lists the contributions which the study of linguistics can make to the field of speech pathology. The first of these is a general treatment of the topic of phonology for non-linguists, but this he says, already exists. However, the other possible contributions, namely how normal children acquire English phonology, a set of techniques for data collection, the analysis of children's speech, the nature of phonological disability in children, and a set of principles for planning therapy, Ingram concludes, have not been brought together in a single publication for clinicians before. It is certainly true that such a book is needed, and in Chapter 1 (1-9) Ingram promises to remedy this need. At this point, the reader for whom the book is intended language clinicians will no doubt be eager to devour it. Unfortunately, while the chapters on data collection (Chapter 4) and principles for planning therapy (Chapter 6) may be useful, some of the basic tenets on which Ingram's treatment hangs are questionable, and this fact results in an unsatisfactory analysis of normal and deviant phonological systems. What I consider to be the flaws of Ingram's treatment of phonological systems appear in Chapter 2 which deals with the development of the normal child, and reappear in the discussion of deviant systems (Chapters 3 and 5). This review therefore focuses on the second chapter, although other points relating specifically to deviant systems will be discussed briefly. Chapter 2 begins by attempting to establish a relationship between Piaget's cognitive stages, and linguistic and phonological stages in development. As an example of the fruitless nature of such a correlation, consider the relationship between Piaget's first stage and the beginnings of linguistic and phonological development. The sensory-motor period (from birth to two years) is partly defined by Piaget as a period which precedes symbolic function, and in order to fit in with this concept, Ingram maintains that the first 50 words of a child's vocabulary which are usually acquired between 10 months and 2 years, are not linguistic signs, and that the phonology of these words is different from the phonological processes used later. However, Nelson (1973) analysed the first 50 words uttered by 18 children which had been acquired between 12 and 20 months, in terms of grammatical form, content and semantic structure, and found that the children learned words from all major grammatical form classes, and that they tended to differentiate small concept domains from when they had a vocabulary of 10 words. She also found that their language progress from one to two years was stable and consistent, and that language status at 24 and 30 months correlated positively with earlier language status. While there is some evidence that children's very first words are outside the generative phonological system
ICD Lead Parameters, Performance, and Adverse Events following Continuous‐Flow LVAD Implantation

Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in the months following continuous‐flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) implantation are common and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We sought to evaluate for changes in implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) performance following LVAD implantation.
Bisexual Erasure in ‘Lesbian Vampire' Film Theory

Lesbian vampire theory operates within the matrix of feminism, queer theory, and horror studies. Bisexuality has a strained relationship with queer theory, and Christopher James provides a compelling account of how bisexuality has been appropriated by queer, lesbian, and gay theory. The strategy James terms “appropriation without representation” occurs when theorists do not include bisexuality as a sexual orientation in their analysis, yet they label characters that behave in bisexual ways as gay or lesbian. Bisexual characters have been written out of scholarship about ‘lesbian vampire' films through this appropriation. A bisexual epistemological perspective accounts for a broader understanding of the sexuality expressed in films that are traditionally included in the ‘lesbian vampire' subgenre, such as The Hunger (1983), Blood and Roses (1960), and Daughters of Darkness (1971). This article charts how bisexuality functions invisibly within these so-called lesbian vampire films and how scholarship surrounding the films contributes to bisexual erasure.
Onset of ataxia and Purkinje cell loss in PrP null mice inversely correlated with Dpl level in brain

PrP knockout mice in which only the open reading frame was disrupted (‘Zürich I’) remained healthy. However, more extensive deletions resulted in ataxia, Purkinje cell loss and ectopic expression in brain of Doppel (Dpl), encoded by the downstream gene, Prnd. A new PrP knockout line, ‘Zürich II’, with a 2.9 kb Prnp deletion, developed this phenotype at ∼10 months (50% morbidity). A single Prnp allele abolished the syndrome. Compound Zürich I/Zürich II heterozygotes had half the Dpl of Zürich II mice and developed symptoms 6 months later. Zürich II mice transgenic for a Prnd‐containing cosmid expressed Dpl at twice the level and became ataxic ∼5 months earlier. Thus, Dpl levels in brain and onset of the ataxic syndrome are inversely correlated.
Consumer Preferences for Food Product Quality Attributes from Swedish Agriculture

Abstract This paper employs a choice experiment to obtain consumer preferences and willingness to pay for food product quality attributes currently not available in Sweden. Data were obtained from a large mail survey and estimated with a random parameter logit model. We found evidence for intraproduct differences in consumer preferences for identical attributes, as well as interproduct discrepancies in ranking of attributes. Furthermore, we found evidence of a market failure relating to the potential use of genetically modified animal fodder. Finally, we found support for the idea that a cheap-talk script can alleviate problems of external validity of choice experiments. Our results are useful in forming product differentiation strategies within the food industry, as well as for the formation of food policy.
Cytokinin production by Paenibacillus polymyxa

The production of hormones has been suggested to be one of the mechanisms by which plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) stimulate plant growth. To evaluate whether the free-living soil bacterium, Paenibacillus polymyxa, releases the hormone group cytokinins and, if so, their identity, the content of cytokinins in the growth media, before and after cultivation of this bacterium, was determined by immunoanity chromatography (IAC). This method allows the isolation of almost all known cytokinins and their metabolites. Separation and characterization were done by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with on-line ultraviolet (UV) detection, and ®nal identi®cation was by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Isopentenyladenine (iP) was identi®ed in the two de®ned media used for the cultivation of P. polymyxa, but not earlier than at its late stationary growth. A third medium, supplemented with yeast extract, contained iso-pentenyladenine riboside (iPR) and some additional cytokinin-like substances before inoculation. When the same medium was sampled after the cultivation of P. polymyxa up to its logarithmic growth phase, the cytokinin concentration had decreased. After prolonged cultivation of P. polymyxa, small amounts of iP appeared in all three media, and iPR had disappeared from the yeast-containing medium, which indicates that the bacterium can metabolize cytokinins. # 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Apoptosis and Autoimmune Disorders

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, comes from a Greek term meaning “the falling off of the leaves. ” Apoptosis is also known as cell suicide and is a mechanism that is present in most eukaryotic cells to regulate cell numbers. It can be considered as the opposite of mitosis. Apoptosis is a normal part of development and is required during development, creation of the central nervous system, degeneration of the tadpole tail during metamorphosis, and the loss of certain appendages during the larval to pupal metamorphosis in holometabolous insects.