Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Divergent effects of ornithine decarboxylase inhibition on murine erythropoietic precursor cell proliferation and differentiation.

Abstract Following the administration of a selective irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), dl-α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), proliferation of early erythropoietic precursors was enhanced both in nonanemic and anemic mice. In the bone marrow, the absolute number of precursor cells which give rise to erythroid bursts and colonies in methylcellulose was increased 2- to 4-fold during a 5-day period. This stimulation could be abrogated by administration of putrescine, confirming the association of the stimulatory effect with polyamine biosynthesis most likely by a depression of ODC activity and subsequent depression of the synthesis of putrescine. The stimulatory effect by DFMO in vivo was also reflected by an increase in the number of erythroid colonies in diffusion chambers implanted both in nonanemic and anemic mice and was also eliminated by concomitant administration of putrescine to the host. No change in the absolute number of morphologically recognizable nucleated erythroid cells in the bone marrow, hematocrit, and reticulocyte count in nonanemic mice during the 14 days of DFMO was detected. In an attempt to determine whether the stimulatory in vivo effect was directly on burst-forming and colony-forming units erythroid or whether it was a consequence of efflux from an earlier compartment, we determined the number of these precursors in S phase following DFMO administration and demonstrated increased kill by [ 3 H]-thymidine, suggesting that cell cycle status was modulated via ODC. Results from in vitro culture do not explain observations in in vivo setting because, if inhibition of burst-forming and colony-forming unit erythroid differentiation as judged by low colony yield in methylcellulose had also occurred in vivo , a decrease in the number of erythroid precursors in the bone marrow and peripheral blood reticulocytes would have been expected. Based on these data, we conclude that ODC plays an important role in proliferation, but not differentiation, of erythroid precursor cells in vivo .
Diffusion versus Nonlocal Models of Stratospheric Mixing, in Theory and Practice

In zonally averaged chemical transport models of the stratosphere, quasi-isentropic mixing is represented by diffusion in latitude. However, it is fairly certain that the real mixing is to some extent nonlocal, so that the diffusive representation is not formally justifiable. This issue is explored from a point of view that combines theory and empiricism. Several models of mixing are described and compared. The most general, including as special cases all of the other models considered, is the integral or ‘‘transilient matrix’’ model. Some known properties of transilient matrices are discussed in a more formal way than has been done previously, and some new results concerning these matrices and associated equations are derived. Simpler models include the familiar diffusion model, a simple model of nonlocal mixing in which tracer concentrations are everywhere relaxed toward the global average, and a ‘‘leaky barrier’’ model in which two regions of nonlocal mixing are separated by a weakly diffusive transport barrier. Solutions to the latter two models, with linear chemistry included to allow nontrivial steady states, are used to derive their ‘‘effective diffusivities. ’’ These are then used to test how well a diffusion model can mimic the behavior of the nonlocal mixing models over finite regions of parameter space. The diffusion model proves fairly robust, yielding fairly accurate results in situations where no formal argument indicates that it should. These results provide qualified support, from a purely empirical perspective, for the practice of using the diffusion model to represent stratospheric mixing in zonally averaged models. Several important caveats suggest nonetheless that exploration of more theoretically satisfactory representations is warranted.
Structural requirements for binding of an immunodominant myelin basic protein peptide to DR2 isotypes and for its recognition by human T cell clones

Immunodominant T cell epitopes of myelin basic protein (MBP) may be target antigens for major histocompatibility complex class II- restricted, autoreactive T cells in multiple sclerosis (MS). Since susceptibility to MS is associated with the DR2 haplotype, the binding and presentation of the immunodominant MBP(84-102) peptide by DR2 antigens were examined. The immunodominant MBP(84-102) peptide was found to bind with high affinity to DRB1*1501 and DRB5*0101 molecules of the disease-associated DR2 haplotype. Overlapping but distinct peptide segments were critical for binding to these molecules; hydrophobic residues (Val189 and Phe92) in the MBP(88-95) segment were critical for peptide binding to DRB1*1501 molecules, whereas hydrophobic and charged residues (Phe92, Lys93) in the MBP(89-101/102) sequence contributed to DRB5*0101 binding. The different registers for peptide binding made different peptide side chains available for interaction with the T cell receptor. Although the peptide was bound with high affinity by both DRB1 and DRB5 molecules, only DRB1 (DRB1*1501 and 1602) but not DRB5 molecules served as restriction elements for a panel of T cell clones generated from two MS patients suggesting that the complex of MBP(84-102) and DRB1 molecules is more immunogenic for MBP reactive T cells. The minimal MBP peptide epitope for several T cell clones and the residues important for binding to DRB1*1501 molecules and for T cell stimulation have been defined.
Divergent Control of Two Type VI Secretion Systems by RpoN in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Three Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) loci called H1- to H3-T6SS coexist in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. H1-T6SS targets prokaryotic cells whereas H2-T6SS mediates interactions with both eukaryotic and prokaryotic host cells. Little is known about the third system, except that it may be connected to H2-T6SS during the host infection. Here we show that H3-T6SS is required for P. aeruginosa PAO1 virulence in the worm model. We demonstrate that the two putative H3-T6SS operons, called “left” and “right”, are coregulated with H2-T6SS by the Las and Rhl Quorum Sensing systems. Interestingly, the RpoN σ54 factor has divergent effects on the three operons. As for many T6SSs, RpoN activates the expression of H3-T6SS left. However, RpoN unexpectedly represses the expression of H3-T6SS right and also H2-T6SS. Sfa2 and Sfa3 are putative enhancer binding proteins encoded on H2-T6SS and H3-T6SS left. In other T6SSs EBPs can act as σ54 activators to promote T6SS transcription. Strikingly, we found that the RpoN effects of H3-T6SS are Sfa-independent while the RpoN mediated repression of H2-T6SS is Sfa2-dependent. This is the first example of RpoN repression of a T6SS being mediated by a T6SS-encoded EBP.
CICC: a fine-grained, semantic-aware, and transparent approach to preventing permission leaks for Android permission managers

Android's permission system offers an all-or-nothing installation choice for users. To make it more flexible, users may choose a popular app tool, called permission manager, to selectively grant or revoke an app's permissions at runtime. A fundamental requirement for such permission manager is that the granted or revoked permissions should be enforced faithfully. However, we discover that none of existing permission managers meet this requirement due to permission leaks. To address this problem, we propose CICC, a fine-grained, semantic-aware, and transparent approach for any permission managers to defend against the permission leaks. Compared to existing solutions, CICC is fine-grained because it detects the permission leaks using call-chain information at the component instance level, instead of at the app level or component level. The fine-grained feature enables it to generate a minimal impact on the usability of running apps. CICC is semantic-aware in a sense that it manages call-chains in the whole lifecycle of each component instance. CICC is transparent to users and app developers, and it requires minor modification to permission managers. Our evaluation shows that CICC incurs relatively low performance overhead and power consumption.
PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP AUDIT REPORT LAG

ABSTRAK Corporate Governance (CG) merupakan isu yang berkaitan degan Audit Report Lag (ARL). ARL adalah jumlah waktu yang diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan laporan audit sekaligus sebagai penentu dari waktu diterbitkannya laporan keuangan. Penerapan CG diharapkan dapat mengurangi asimetri informasi yang ditimbulkan dari ARL yang panjang. Penelitian ini berfokus pada analisis pengaruh karakteristik CG terhadap ARL dengan menggunakan variabel kontrol. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 90 pengamatan dari perusahaan property dan real estate yang go public di BEI tahun 2009-2011. Sampel diperoleh melalui metode purposive sampling. Karakteristik CG diproksikan dengan kepemilikan manajerial, dewan komisaris independen, kepemilikan institusional, dan keberadaan komite audit. Variabel kontrol yang digunakan adalah ukuran perusahaan dan reputasi auditor. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan manajerial dan keberadaan komite audit tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ARL sedangkan dewan komisaris independen, kepemilikan institusional, variabel kontrol ukuran perusahaan dan reputasi auditor berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ARL. Kata kunci: karakteristik CG (Corporate Governance), ARL (Audit Report Lag) ABSTRACT Corporate Governance (CG) is a related issue degan Audit Report Lag (ARL). ARL is the amount of time needed to complete the audit report as well as a determinant of future issuance of the financial statements. CG implementation is expected to reduce information asymmetry arising from a long ARL. This study focuses on the analysis of the influence of the characteristics of the ARL CG using control variables. The samples are 90 observations from property and real estate company that went public on the Stock Exchange in 2009-2011. Samples were obtained through purposive sampling method. CG proxied with the characteristics of managerial ownership, independent board, institutional ownership, and the existence of an audit committee. Control variables used are the size of the company and the auditor's reputation. This study using multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that managerial ownership and the existence of an audit committee does not significantly influence the ARL while independent board, institutional ownership, control variables firm size and reputation of the auditor significant effect on ARL. Keywords: CG characteristics (Corporate Governance), ARL (Audit Report Lag)
Does consumer debt cause economic recession? Evidence using directed acyclic graphs

This study investigates the relationship between consumer debt and aggregate economic activity based on time series methods and directed acyclic graphs (DAG). Quarterly US data, measured over the period 1980 to 2003, on consumer debt, gross domestic product (GDP), interest rates, housing starts, and domestic auto sales, are analysed in an Error Correction Model (ECM). Contemporaneous innovations from this ECM are given a structural representation, using recent developments in DAG modelling. The ECM and DAG components are summarized using innovation accounting techniques (impulse response functions and forecast error variance decomposition). The DAG causal pattern reveals a causal flow from GDP to consumer debt; the subsequent innovation accounting results also show that consumer debt is not exogenous in contrast to GDP and other indicators. This result concurs with a previous study based on Granger causality, but contradicts other works that claim consumer debt is a root cause of aggregate economic performance.
The Production of Methane, Hydrogen, and Organic Compounds in Ultramafic-Hosted Hydrothermal Vents of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Abstract Both hydrogen and methane are consistently discharged in large quantities in hydrothermal fluids issued from ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal fields discovered along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Considering the vast number of these fields discovered or inferred, hydrothermal fluxes represent a significant input of H2 and CH4 to the ocean. Although there are lines of evidence of their abiogenic formation from stable C and H isotope results, laboratory experiments, and thermodynamic data, neither their origin nor the reaction pathways generating these gases have been fully constrained yet. Organic compounds detected in the fluids may also be derived from abiotic reactions. Although thermodynamics are favorable and extensive experimental work has been done on Fischer-Tropsch-type reactions, for instance, nothing is clear yet about their origin and formation mechanism from actual data. Since chemolithotrophic microbial communities commonly colonize hydrothermal vents, biogenic and thermogenic processes are likely to contribute to the production of H2, CH4, and other organic compounds. There seems to be a consensus toward a mixed origin (both sources and processes) that is consistent with the ambiguous nature of the isotopic data. But the question that remains is, to what proportions? More systematic experiments as well as integrated geochemical approaches are needed to disentangle hydrothermal geochemistry. This understanding is of prime importance considering the implications of hydrothermal H2, CH4, and organic compounds for the ocean global budget, global cycles, and the origin of life. Key Words: Hydrogen—Methane—Organics—MAR—Abiotic synthesis—Serpentinization—Ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal vents. Astrobiology 15, 381–399.
The Dixmier-Moeglin equivalence and a Gel'fand-Kirillov problem for Poisson polynomial algebras

The structure of Poisson polynomial algebras of the type obtained as semiclassical limits of quantized coordinate rings is investigated. Sufficient conditions for a rational Poisson action of a torus on such an algebra to leave only finitely many Poisson prime ideals invariant are obtained. Combined with previous work of the first-named author, this establishes the Poisson Dixmier-Moeglin equivalence for large classes of Poisson polynomial rings, such as semiclassical limits of quantum matrices, quantum symplectic and euclidean spaces, quantum symmetric and antisymmetric matrices. For a similarly large class of Poisson polynomial rings, it is proved that the quotient field of the algebra (respectively, of any Poisson prime factor ring) is a rational function field $F(x_1,.,x_n)$ over the base field (respectively, over an extension field of the base field) with $\{x_i,x_j\}= \lambda_{ij} x_ix_j$ for suitable scalars $\lambda_{ij}$, thus establishing a quadratic Poisson version of the Gel'fand-Kirillov problem. Finally, partial solutions to the isomorphism problem for Poisson fields of the type just mentioned are obtained.
Chapter 1 - Crime prevention and community safety: A conceptual overview

The author explores some of the factors that have influenced the public debate in Canada over issues of crime and victimization, particularly with reference to children and youth as both perpetrators and victims. Focusing specifically on various approaches to crime prevention, he discusses some of the key elements of a comprehensive crime prevention strategy and argues that for such a strategy to be meaningful and effective, it should be a community-based social development approach. This chapter explores some of the factors that have influenced public discourse in Canada surrounding crime and victimization, focusing specifically on an assessment of various crime prevention strategies and approaches. Building on this analysis, some of the key elements of a comprehensive crime prevention strategy are discussed. Finally, I consider why a comprehensive crime prevention strategy based on a social development approach has the greatest potential to affect crime and victimization. As noted in the Introduction, the papers in this collection present a multidisciplinary analysis of crime prevention with a particular emphasis on the safety, health, and well-being of children and youth. This emphasis was the focus of the policy forum upon which this volume is based, and was selected through a series of discussions and negotiations with senior federal government officials from several departments who participated in the event. While these policy-makers shared a general interest in crime prevention programs and strategies, a broad consensus emerged during negotiations with these federal representatives that the focus of our discussion on crime prevention should be on the experiences of children and youth. Both the research literature and public opinion polls in Canada reflect the importance of addressing the experiences of children and youth as both victims and perpetrators of crime. For example, an Earnscliffe survey (2000) reported results that are typical of public opinion in Canada regarding youth involvement in crime. This survey showed that crime, and youth crime in particular, is near the top of the public agenda. An EKOS survey (2004) confirms these findings, suggesting a continued perception by Canadians that crime is increasing and that crime involving youth is increasing more dramatically than other crimes. In fact, three-quarters of Canadians perceive that violent crimes and property crimes committed by youth, as well as school-based violence, are increasing. While youth crime and victimization have garnered considerable public concern, children and youth have also become the focus of much crime prevention activity
Information content of accounting announcements

SYNOPSIS AND INTRODUCTION: The efficient market hypothesis (EMH) has spawned a large and impressive body of "event studies. " Conditional on the maintained hypothesis of market efficiency, these studies test the "information content" of events such as accounting earnings releases (Fama 1991). However, the notion of "information content" of accounting earnings has not been formally defined, except implicitly-via the way it is calibrated in event studies-as percent price change (risk and size adjusted) associated with earnings releases. In the assumption of belief homogeneity underlying the original formulation of EMH, where no competitive non-null trading is expected in equilibrium, price changes will reflect fully the public announcement (see, e.g., Grossman and Stiglitz 1980). Hence, price changes will, conditional on the endowment and preferences configuration and on prior homogeneously held beliefs, constitute a one-to-one mapping with the belief change induced by the earnings release, and could be adopted as an operational definition of information content (IC). However, admitting the possibility of belief-change heterogeneity into the analysis brings into question the theoretical validity and plausibility of this operational definition. Competitive trading that becomes possible as a result of disagreement would perturb the one-to-one mapping between price change and belief change induced by the earnings release. In any case we no longer have a well-defined single construct reflecting heterogeneous belief changes. Under belief homogeneity the market acts as if it were a single decision-maker whose belief change theoretically reflects and calibrates the value or "content" of information. ' Once we allow for
Representation of sound localization cues in the auditory thalamus of the barn owl.

Barn owls can localize a sound source using either the map of auditory space contained in the optic tectum or the auditory forebrain. The auditory thalamus, nucleus ovoidalis (N.Ov), is situated between these two auditory areas, and its inactivation precludes the use of the auditory forebrain for sound localization. We examined the sources of inputs to the N.Ov as well as their patterns of termination within the nucleus. We also examined the response of single neurons within the N.Ov to tonal stimuli and sound localization cues. Afferents to the N.Ov originated with a diffuse population of neurons located bilaterally within the lateral shell, core, and medial shell subdivisions of the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus. Additional afferent input originated from the ipsilateral ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. No afferent input was provided to the N.Ov from the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus or the optic tectum. The N.Ov was tonotopically organized with high frequencies represented dorsally and low frequencies ventrally. Although neurons in the N.Ov responded to localization cues, there was no apparent topographic mapping of these cues within the nucleus, in contrast to the tectal pathway. However, nearly all possible types of binaural response to sound localization cues were represented. These findings suggest that in the thalamo-telencephalic auditory pathway, sound localization is subserved by a nontopographic representation of auditory space.
Interrelated Factor Demand with Nonconvex Adjustment Costs: a Note

In this paper we develop a model to describe a firmâ€™s demand for two production factors which is subject to the presence of nonconvex adjustment costs. In our model simultaneous adjustment of these two production factors may either increase or decrease the total costs incurred by the firm. The magnitude of this change in total costs ultimately determines the likelihood of joint adjustment. We also show that the importance of interrelation is suppressed by large fixed costs.
Longitudinal Medication Usage in Alzheimer Disease Patients

This study examined in detail patterns of cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) and memantine use and explored the relationship between patient characteristics and such use. Patients with probable Alzheimer disease AD (n=201) were recruited from the Predictors Study in 3 academic AD centers and followed from early disease stages for up to 6 years. Random effects logistic regressions were used to examine effects of patient characteristics on ChEIs/memantine use over time. Independent variables included measures of function, cognition, comorbidities, the presence of extrapyramidal signs, psychotic symptoms, age, sex, and patient's living situation at each interval. Control variables included assessment interval, year of study entry, and site. During a 6-year study period, rate of ChEIs use decreased (80.6% to 73.0%) whereas memantine use increased (2.0% to 45.9%). Random effects logistic regression analyses showed that ChEI use was associated with better function, no psychotic symptoms, and younger age. Memantine use was associated with better function, poorer cognition, living at home, later assessment interval, and later year of study entry. Results suggest that high rate of ChEI use and increasing memantine use over time are consistent with current practice guidelines of initiation of ChEIs in mild-to-moderate AD patients and initiation of memantine in moderate-to-severe patients.
Named Entity Recognition in Vietnamese documents

NamedEntityRecognition (NER) aimstoclassify wordsin a documentintopre-definedtarget entity classes and is now considered to be fundamental for many natural language processing tasks such a si nformation retrieval, machine translation, information extraction and question answering. This paper presents the results of an experiment in which a Support Vector Machine (SVM) based NER model is applied to the Vietnamese language. Though this state of the art machine learning method has been widely applied to NER in several well-studied languages, this is the first time this method has been applied to Vietnamese. In a comparison against Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) the SVM model was shown to outperform CRF by optimizing its feature window size, obtaining an overall F-score of 87.75. The paper also presents a detailed discussion about the characteristics of the Vietnamese language and provides an analysis of the factors which influence performance in this task.