Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are Two Economic Instruments Better Than One? Combining Taxes and Quotas under Political Lobbying

Direct commands, market based, or combined, whichever is the government's mean of intervention, is expected to raise political lobbying and pressure. This study offers a political-economic model of an industry, which is regulated by an integrated system of both direct and market based policies. The model is used for a normative theoretical analysis and as a basis for a structural econometric framework. Exploiting a unique data set that describes the regulations of irrigation water in Israel during the mid eighties by means of quotas and prices, the political and technological parameters of the model are structurally estimated and used to assess the relative efficiency of quotas, prices and integrated regulation regimes.
The Economics of Urban Water Demand: The Case of Industrial and Commercial Water Use in Hawaii

The industrial and commercial establishments of the City and County of Honolulu (CCH) have increased their water consumption dramatically in recent years. This study examined water use in the food-processing industry, non-food processing industries, and the commercial sector in relation to price of water and output/sales of the industrial or commercial unit. The generalized least-squares (GLS) procedure was used to estimate the regression equations, although the results of ordinary least-squares(OLS) estimation are also presented. The study results showed sensitivity of water use in relation to price level in the case of the food-processingindustry and insensitivity in the non-food processing and commercial establishments. Analogous results were found with respect to water use and number of employees.
Jazz musicians: creating service experience in live performance

Purpose – Although music has been indicated by nightclubs and pubs' patrons as the most important service offering, the service marketing literature provides very little guidance on how artists could increase their audience satisfaction with an experiential product such as live music. This paper aims to give a wider understanding of jazz musicians' experience of their role in the creation of live performance.Design/methodology/approach – A total of 12 biographical interviews with 16 professional jazz musicians were completed.Findings – The respondents identified audience, agents and venue owners as important elements of their product; however, they were inclined to see their live performance rather as an experience created by the product itself.Practical implications – As the quality of relationship between musicians and wider business is in need of significant improvement, this paper identified potential sources of misunderstanding in a saturated and highly competitive marketplace. Practical implications.
Unmet Need for The Utilization of Women’s Labor - Findings from Three Impoverished Communities in Outer Beirut, Lebanon

This paper examines cause-specific labor force non-participation among women living in three impoverished communities on the outskirts of Beirut, Lebanon. It uses an expanded labor force utilization framework, separating the socially discouraged from other labor nonparticipants. This study is based on data from a sample survey of some 2699 households, carried out in 2002. The analysis is limited to women between the ages of 15-59 which yields a total of 3813 women, 9% of whom reported to be socially discouraged from seeking employment. Descriptive and bivariate analysis of the affect of the independent variables chosen is first investigated. A multinomial logit model is then fitted to the data in order to uncover the impact of individual and household characteristics on the socially discouraged group as well as women labor force participation. The focus is on covariates pertaining to both women respondents and their spouses (heads of household in other household domains), but several other human-capital, demographic and socio-economic factors are also included. Our findings overall indicate a strong influence of social and demographic factors on discouragement. These include residence, marital status, households with children and experience. Surprisingly, education of the household head and women, presence of children and income have no noticeable influence on social discouragement.
On the construction of a class of majority-logic decodable codes

The attractiveness of majority-logic decoding is its simple implementation. Several classes of majority-logic decodable block codes have been discovered for the past two decades. In this paper, a method of constructing a new class of majority-logic decodable block codes is presented. Each code in this class is formed by combining majority-logic decodable codes of shorter lengths. A procedure for orthogonalizing codes of this class is formulated. For each code, a lower bound on the number of correctable errors with majority-logic decoding is obtained. An upper bound on the number of orthogonalization steps for decoding each code is derived. Several majority-logic decodable codes that have more information digits than the Reed-Muller codes of the same length and the same minimum distance are found. Some results presented in this paper are extensions of the results of Lin and Weldon [11] and Gore [12] on the majority-logic decoding of direct product codes.
Corporate Environmental Disclosure Strategies: Determinants, Costs and Benefits

In response to investors' and other stakeholders' concerns about corporate environmental policies, many firms are voluntarily increasing their level of environmental disclosure since there is a scarcity of alternative information sources. Using a cost-benefit framework, this study intends to identify determinants of corporate environmental reporting by Canadian firms subject to water pollution compliance regulations during the 1986–1993 period. Results suggest that information costs and a firm's financial condition are key determinants of environmental disclosure. Firm size, the regulatory regime governing corporate disclosure, and industry, also contribute to explaining environmental disclosure.
Privacy Concerns Versus Desire for Interpersonal Awareness in Driving the Use of Self-Disclosure Technologies: The Case of Instant Messaging in Two Cultures

Social computing technologies typically have multiple features that allow users to reveal their personal information to other users. Such self-disclosure (SD) behavior is generally considered positive and beneficial in interpersonal communication and relationships. Using a newly proposed model based on social exchange theory, this paper investigates and empirically validates the relationships between SD technology use and culture. In particular, we explore the effects of culture on information privacy concerns and the desire for online interpersonal awareness, which influence attitudes toward, intention to use, and actual use of SD technologies. Our model was tested using arguably the strongest social computing technology for online SD—instant messaging (IM)—with users from China and the United States. Our findings reveal that cross-cultural dimensions are significant predictors of information privacy concerns and desire for online awareness, which are, in turn, found to be predictors of attitude toward, intention to use, and actual use of IM. Overall, our proposed model is applicable to both cultures. Our findings enhance the theoretical understanding of the effects of culture and privacy concerns on SD technologies and provide practical suggestions for developers of SD technologies, such as adding additional control features to applications.
Why do migrants remit

Two contrasting hypotheses about what motivates Dominican migrants to send remittances to their rural parents in the Sierra are tested: (1) an investment in potential bequests and (2) an insurance contract between parents and migrant children. Remittances from young migrants, males, and migrants who want to return to the Sierra follow a pattern consistent with investment. In contrast, female migrants with no intention of returning to the Sierra play the role of insurers. The gender composition of the migrant siblings affects this remittance task-sharing, since women with no remitting brothers show interest in inheritance, while men with no sisters offer insurance.
Mutations Causing Profound Biotinidase Deficiency in Children Ascertained by Newborn Screening in the United States Occur at Different Frequencies than in Symptomatic Children

Biotinidase deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder of biotin metabolism that can lead to varying degrees of neurologic and cutaneous symptoms when untreated. Because this disorder meets the criteria for newborn screening, many states and countries perform this testing. Because newborn screening should result in complete ascertainment of mutations causing profound biotinidase deficiency (less than 10% of mean normal serum activity), we compared the mutations in a group of 59 children with profound biotinidase deficiency who were identified by newborn screening in the United States with 33 children ascertained by exhibiting symptoms. Of the 40 total mutations identified among the two populations, four mutations comprise 59% of the disease alleles studied. Two of these mutations occur in both populations, but in the symptomatic group at a significantly greater frequency. The other two common mutations occur only in the newborn screening group. Because two common mutations do not occur in the symptomatic population, it is possible that individuals with these mutations either develop mild or no symptoms if left untreated. However, inasmuch as biotin treatment is inexpensive and innocuous, it is still recommended that all children with profound biotinidase deficiency be treated.
Overexpression of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Suppresses Tumor Necrosis Factor-induced Apoptosis and Activation of Nuclear Transcription Factor-κB and Activated Protein-1*

Several recently identified intracellular proteins associate with the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor and activate nuclear transcription factor (NF)-κB, c-Jun kinase, and apoptosis. However, the mechanism is not understood. In the present report, we investigated the role of reactive oxygen intermediates in TNF-induced signaling. Overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells completely abolished TNF-mediated NF-κB activation, IκBα degradation, p65 nuclear translocation, and NF-κB-dependent reporter gene expression. Besides TNF, phorbol ester-, okadaic acid-, ceramide-, and lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of NF-κB was blocked by Mn-SOD, indicating a common pathway of activation. H2O2-induced NF-κB activation, however, was potentiated. In addition, Mn-SOD blocked the TNF-mediated activation of activated protein-1, stress-activated c-Jun protein kinase, and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. TNF-induced antiproliferative effects and caspase-3 activation, indicators of apoptosis, were also completely suppressed by transfection of cells with Mn-SOD. Suppression of apoptosis induced by okadaic acid, H2O2, and taxol was also inhibited by Mn-SOD but not that induced by vincristine, vinblastine, or daunomycin. Overall, these results demonstrate that, in addition to several recently identified signaling molecules, reactive oxygen intermediates play a critical role in activation of NF-κB, activated protein-1, c-Jun kinase, and apoptosis induced by TNF and other agents.
Determinants of Interregional Migration Flows: The Role of Environmental Factors in the Italian Case

This paper investigates the economic and non‐economic determinants of interregional migration for unskilled and skilled migrants in Italy for the period 1985-2006. In addition to the traditional variables of the Harris and Todaro model, we consider the impact of house prices, carbon dioxide emission and crime. Using a dynamic two‐step panel generalized method of moments, the traditional model omits some important variables and may not be representative of migration flow. Our analysis confirms that for different periods we have to take into account different determinants. Moreover, the externalities are significant, indicating the importance of including broader quality of life as explanatory variables.
Winner Take All: Competition, Strategy, and the Structure of Returns in the Internet Economy

In this paper, we develop an economic rationale for the following stylized fact: Web-based firms spend profligately on advertising and marketing and usually lose money. Our rationale is based on the winner-take-all structure of high fixed cost, low marginal cost, markets for information goods. This market structure ensures that market participation and investment policy are highly stochastic. Moreover, if a firm chooses to participate in a Web market, it is optimal to act very aggressively through saturation advertising. Although increases in advertising costs reduce the probability of entry, once the decision to enter is made, firm strategies are insensitive to advertising price. Consistent with empirical studies of the profitability of internet firms (Hand, 2001), our model predicts returns that are highly positively skewed, that is, even the firms that survive the competition for market position have a small chance of huge gains combined with a large probability of very modest returns. In dynamic competition, firms weakened by early rounds are less likely to challenge in subsequent rounds. However, when a challenge is attempted, it is always aggressive. In addition, because large expenditures in the first period produce valuable strategic real options in later periods, which are treated as expenses using traditional accounting methodology, the financial valuation of Internet firms may actually be negatively related to performance when using standard accounting measures of profitability that fail to capitalize these strategic real options.
No Appealing Future For High Growth – Low Profitability Firms: Evidence from Turkey’s Top 1000

The view that profitability, not growth, is the driving force behind the firm performance, and unprofitable high growth can not lead to financial success has often been discussed in the literature. In this study, I tested this hypothesis on Turkey’s top 1000 data using an extended version of the method of Davidson et al. (2009). My sample strongly supports the hypothesis that controlling for leverage, low growth-high profitability (profit) firms outperform high growth-low profitability (growth) firms regarding both directions of their transition to an upper state and a lower state in subsequent periods. The hypothesis that controlling for type of firm (growth or profit firm), leverage matters with respect to firm’s future performance is weakly supported by 3-year transition data.
The dark side of Chinese growth: Explaining decreasing well-being in times of economic boom

The formidable economic growth of China in the past few decades led to outstanding improvements in virtually all objective indicators of standards of life. However, these objective records are in striking contrast with subjective ones. Between 1990 and 2007, Chinese average subjective well-being substantially declined. Using data from the World Values Survey, this paper identifies the predictors of the trend of life satisfaction in China between 1990 and 2007. Our findings suggest that subjective data capture something that objective data miss and that can explain the decrease in well-being: the increase in the importance of social comparisons and the decline of social capital. Moreover, economic growth resulted in higher well-being inequality: those in the lowest three income deciles and the middle-class experienced a significant reduction in well-being, whereas the latter increased among richer people. Differences in the erosion of social capital and in the impact of social comparisons seem to be the key to well-being differences among classes.
An Alternative Approach to Explaining Bargaining Behavior in Simple Sequential Games

For simple sequential games, the payoff structure has certain bargaining power implication. Intuitively, certain actions may have the effect of the carrot and the stick as sanctioning means. Fair outcomes can be alternatively viewed as the consequence of their presence. Experimental data on various games are used to test the hypothesis of carrot and stick behaviour. We show that our stick and carrot heuristic neatly captures puzzling phenomena in a wide class of simple sequential games. The results support the view that punishing subjects are not worse off than myopic pay-off maximizers as long as subjects are involved in a repeated strangers scheme. Copyright 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Role of the ubiquitin‐selective CDC48UFD1/NPL4 chaperone (segregase) in ERAD of OLE1 and other substrates

The OLE pathway of yeast regulates the abundance of the ER‐bound enzyme Δ‐9 fatty acid desaturase OLE1, thereby controlling unsaturated fatty acid pools and membrane fluidity. Previously, we showed that this pathway is exquisitely regulated by the ubiquitin/proteasome system. Activation of the pathway involves proteasomal processing of a membrane‐bound transcription factor and the subsequent mobilization of the cleaved, ubiquitylated transcription factor from its partner molecule by CDC48UFD1/NPL4, a ubiquitin‐selective chaperone‐like enzyme. Here we report that the OLE1 protein itself is naturally short‐lived and is degraded by ubiquitin/proteasome‐dependent ER‐associated degradation (ERAD). We found that CDC48UFD1/NPL4 plays a second role in the OLE pathway by mediating ERAD of OLE1. Intriguingly, other ERAD substrates also require CDC48UFD1/NPL4 for degradation, indicating that this enzyme is a novel, constitutive component of the ERAD machinery. We propose that CDC48UFD1/NPL4 functions as a segregase that liberates ubiquitylated proteins from non‐modified partners.
A dominant archetype of the HRM system in Russian industrial companies in post-recession times

Russian human resource management (HRM) practices remain durable even with the onslaught of economic change and exposure to global HRM practices and international competition. Based on survey results of 201 CEOs of domestic industrial companies located in central regions of Russia we identify the resilient archetype of Russian HRM system. Even companies that have achieved high levels of profitability or those that engage in innovations continue to practice retrograde HRM techniques left over from an earlier era. We are able to identify strategic misfits that are a direct result of the continuation of rigid HRM system that prevents the development of an organizational climate to support innovative or dynamic firms.
An Additional Case of Breast Tumor Resembling the Tall Cell Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

A type of breast tumor histopathologically similar to the papillary thyroid carcinoma has been described and named “Breast tumor resembling the tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. ” Because breast is not an uncommon site for metastasis and about 5% of all such cases are of the thyroid origin, it is important to be aware of the existence of mammary tumors that can closely mimic a thyroid tumor representing a dangerous diagnostic pitfall that can also lead to unnecessary clinical investigations. Here, we describe a singular case of “Breast tumor resembling the tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma” showing an amazing macroscopic and microscopic resemblance with thyroid tissue harboring a papillary carcinoma.
How Effective Is Government Support for Korean Women Entrepreneurs in Small and Medium Enterprises?

Women entrepreneurs are not as involved in economic activities as should be expected, despite the growing number of women entrepreneurs and increased government support in Korea. This study aims to investigate how effective the government is in terms of boosting the satisfaction of women entrepreneurs using the structural equation model. We investigated causal effect of government support policy and government support process on women entrepreneurs' satisfaction along with many other personal factors such as individual capacity, family life, social network, and business environment. The empirical results show that the government support process has the highest effect on the improvement of the satisfaction of women entrepreneurs. However, the current level of government support process is relatively low and therefore needs to be improved. It is interesting to note that the government support policy has the least effect on the satisfaction of women entrepreneurs. That is, women entrepreneurs are not sensitive to the support scale, support program, and gender‐sensitive policies currently employed in Korea. Also, we obtain the satisfaction index of women entrepreneurs according to their marital status, presence of children, age, education level, and business type. Finally, we propose improvement plans that can effectively be activated for each business type in which women entrepreneurs are involved.
That's Not Fair!

ABSTRACT Organizational commitment has been shown to be significantly negatively related to employee turnover. Given the high incidence of employee turnover in the hospitality industry, practitioners and academics alike should be focused on a more complete understanding of this phenomenon. The present study is an exploration into the identification of the relationships among organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and organizational justice. The study was conducted with employees of a major casino-hotel. Results indicated that organizational justice has an indirect positive impact on organizational commitment by working through job satisfaction. Practical implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Heregulin Stimulates Mitogenesis and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase in Mouse Fibroblasts Transfected with erbB2/neu and erbB3(*)

Heregulin (HRG) is a pluripotent growth factor that can stimulate the growth of some human mammary tumor cells and the differentiation of others. Two members of the epidermal growth factor receptor family of receptor/tyrosine kinases, p180erbB3 and p180erbB4, serve as receptors for the HRG ligand. While HRG appears to be capable of stimulating the autophosphorylation activity of p180erbB4, the co-expression of p185erbC2erbC2neu with p180erbB3 is necessary for the HRG-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of both of these receptors. On the basis of the sequences surrounding their putative tyrosine phosphorylation sites, we predict that the different HRG-responsive receptors couple to different intracellular SH2 domain-containing proteins. Hence, the different receptors may mediate different cellular responses to the HRG ligand. In the present study we show that HRGβ1 is mitogenic for erbB3-transfected DHFR/G8 cells, an NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast derivative that overexpresses p185erbC2neu. HRG stimulated the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into the DNA of these cells with an EC50 of 70 ± 7 pM. HRG was not mitogenic for parental DHFR/G8 cells that do not express the ErbB3 protein. Phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, an enzyme believed to be important in cellular growth regulation by growth factors and oncogenes, is predicted to couple to tyrosine-phosphorylated ErbB3. We observed that HRG stimulated the association of PI 3-kinase with both p185erbC2neu and ErbB3 in transfected DHFR/G8 cells, but not in the parental cell line. We conclude that the ErbB3 protein is capable of mediating a proliferative response of fibroblasts to HRG, and that the activation of PI 3-kinase is an integral part of the growth signaling mechanism.