Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of a selective entry examination on children's feelings as they approach the transition to secondary school

In the current study we examined how different experiences of a selective entry examination influenced children's feelings about themselves, school and intelligence as they approached transition to secondary school. Children were recruited from three English schools that use a selective entry examination to stream students into secondary schools based on ability (98 children aged around 10) and were assessed at two time points. At Time 1 it had recently decided whether children would take the exam, and at Time 2 children had received their exam results. At each time children completed measures of theory of intelligence, locus of control, self-esteem and feelings about the school system. At Time 1, children who intended to take the exam showed more positive outcomes than those who did not. However, they were also more likely to hold a fixed view of intelligence, which has been associated with longer-term negative outcomes. Similarly, at Time 2 children who had passed the exam showed more positive outcomes than those who had failed or had not taken the exam, but again they were more likely to hold a potentially maladaptive fixed view of intelligence. Those who failed the exam were indistinguishable from those who had not taken the exam. These results suggest that passing the selective exam can lead to positive outcomes for children, except in terms of their view of intelligence. However, failing and not being given the opportunity to sit the exam leads to consistently negative outcomes. The potential implications of these results are discussed.
Carbapenem Resistance in Non-Fermentative Bacterial Species and in Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Hospitalized Patients in Different Health-Care Settings

Aim. Carbapenem-resistant strains have been increasingly reported over the last few years. In this study we used laboratory records to determine the occurrence of carbapenem-resistant strains from hospitalized patients with emphasis on the comparative analysis of the incidence in various health-care settings. Materials and methods. From January 2012 to November 2012 and from May 2013 to November 2013, we evaluated 566 strains (Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella spp.). All isolates were tested and analyzed according to their antibiotic resistance phenotypic pattern. Laboratory results were correlated with data regarding admission in different clinical wards. Results. Among 566 isolates, 191 carbapenem-resistant or carbapenem-intermediate strains (33.74%) were detected. Non-fermentative species were the most prevalent carbapenem-resistant organisms, 80.62% of 191 carbapenem-resistant or carbapenem-intermediate strains isolated were Acinetobacter spp. , and 17.27% of 191 were Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Apart from that, only 4 (2.09%) carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) strains were identified. We identified 59.30% of 172 strains isolated from patients hospitalized in anesthesia and intensive care units non-susceptible to carbapenems. The main mechanism associated with carbapenem resistance could be the production of carbapenemase in combination with impermeability. Conclusions. Our study demonstrates that infections with carbapenem-resistant strains are correlated with hospitalization in intensive care units. Our data showed a predominant carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. strain in intensive care units.
The option approach to the new product development process

*Study financed by the Netherlands Technology Foundation (STW) The authors gratefully acknowledge discussants at Philips Corporate Research and Philips Corporate Strategy, especially Joop Dat, for fruitful discussions. The article expresses the view of the authors solely and doesnot necessarily correspond with former or current research and product policy decisions at Philips Electronics. 1 [Abstract] Current phase-review processes for new product development can not properly capture the economic value of managerial flexibility to continue or abandon a project at different stages of development. Due to this, the discussion whether it is fruitful to skip phases in the development process in order to create time-to-market advantage is left open. By applying insights from the valuation of real options, this article proposes a framework for the assessment of new product development at different stages. Moreover, we derive criteria to speed up the development process or not and introduce the options portfolios, which serve as a basis for assessment and as a tool for choosing an optimal set of business initiatives from a variety of feasible alternatives. We have explored the portfolio approach at Philips Electronics and illustrate the article with examples of some current R&D projects. 2 1. Introduction Today's world is characterized by major changes in market and economic conditions, coupled with rapid advances in technologies. Management is often confronted with the dilemma whether or not to invest in a particular stage of the new product development (NPD) program, given market and technology uncertainties surrounding such a decision in current markets, most of all technology-driven or high-tech markets (Moriarty and Kosnik, 1989). The changing economic conditions and technologies combined with increased domestic and global competition, changing customer needs, rapid product obsolescence and the emergence of new markets, require a fast resource Therefore, the trade-off between accelerating time-to-market or making pre-launch improvements in product performance has become a topical concern. On the one hand, an accelerated market introduction may lead to a substantial gain of future market share. The market share advantage that results from a rapid time to market has been explored by Urban et al. give surveys on the acceleration of the NPD process by skipping phases. On the other hand, as argued by Griffin and Page (1993), reducing time to market is only advisable when this does not limit the probability of success of the final product to be introduced to the market. Furthermore, Crawford (1992) discusses that there are …
Explainable Restricted Boltzmann Machines for Collaborative Filtering

Most accurate recommender systems are black-box models, hiding the reasoning behind their recommendations. Yet explanations have been shown to increase the user's trust in the system in addition to providing other benefits such as scrutability, meaning the ability to verify the validity of recommendations. This gap between accuracy and transparency or explainability has generated an interest in automated explanation generation methods. Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM) are accurate models for CF that also lack interpretability. In this paper, we focus on RBM based collaborative filtering recommendations, and further assume the absence of any additional data source, such as item content or user attributes. We thus propose a new Explainable RBM technique that computes the top-n recommendation list from items that are explainable. Experimental results show that our method is effective in generating accurate and explainable recommendations.
Observational Estimates of the Initial Power Spectrum at Small Scale from Lyα Absorbers

We present a new method of measuring the power spectrum of initial perturbations to an unprecedentedly small scale of ~10 h-1 kpc. We apply this method to a sample of 4500 Lyα absorbers and recover the cold dark matter (CDM)-like power spectrum at scales ≥300 h-1 kpc with a precision of ~10%. However, at scales ~10-300 h-1 kpc, the measured and CDM-like spectra are noticeably different. This result suggests a complex inflation with generation of excess power at small scales. The magnitude and reliability of these deviations depend upon the possible incompleteness of our sample and poorly understood process of formation of weak absorbers. Confirmation of the CDM-like shape of the initial power spectrum or detection of its distortions at small scales are equally important for widely discussed problems of physics of the early universe, galaxy formation, and reheating of the universe. We use the Zeldovich theory of gravitational instability to derive statistical description of the properties of observed structure. Our method links the observed mass function of absorbers with the correlation function of the initial velocity field and therefore avoids the Nyquist restrictions limiting the investigations based on the smoothed flux or density fields. This approach is in general consistent with numerical simulations of the process of structure formation, describes reasonably well the large-scale structure observed in the galaxy distribution at small redshifts, and emphasizes the generic similarity of galaxies and absorbers. The physical model of absorbers adopted here asserts that they are formed in the course of both linear and nonlinear adiabatic or shock compression of dark matter (DM) and gaseous matter. It allows us to link the column density and overdensity of DM and gaseous components with observed characteristics of absorbers such as the column density of neutral hydrogen, redshifts, and Doppler parameter. At scales ≥1 h-1 Mpc, all characteristics of the DM component, and in particular, their redshift distribution, are found to be consistent with theoretical expectations for Gaussian initial perturbations with a CDM-like power spectrum.
The early-type close binary CV Velorum revisited (Corrigendum)

– the labels “P” and “S” in Fig. 1 should be interchanged; – the labels “Primary” and “Secondary” in Fig. 5 should be interchanged; – in the third paragraph of Sect. 6, “v sin i = 19 ± 1 km s−1 for the primary and v sin i = 31 ± 2 km s−1 for the secondary” should read “v sin i = 19 ± 1 kms−1 for the secondary and v sin i = 31 ± 2 km s−1 for the primary”. All other reported results and the labelling of the binary components in the other sections of the paper are correct.
Pathogenicity in Rhesus Macaques Immunodeficiency Virus Replication and Element in Nef for Simian Importance of the N-Distal AP-2 Binding

10.1128/JVI.80. 9.4469-4481.2006. 2006, 80(9):4469. DOI: J. Virol. Jacek Skowronski and Frank Kirchhoff Heeney, Peter Ten Haaft, Tomek Swigut, Katarzyna Hrecka, Fuchs, Kerstin Mätz-Rensing, Monika Franz, Jonathan Wildum, Nicole Stolte, Christiane Stahl-Hennig, Dietmar Matthias Brenner, Jan Münch, Michael Schindler, Steffen Pathogenicity in Rhesus Macaques Immunodeficiency Virus Replication and Element in Nef for Simian Importance of the N-Distal AP-2 Binding
Exploring Teachers’ Actions to Promote Self-Regulated Learning Practices in Primary School

Abstract Research highlights the importance of designing primary school classroom environments that promote self-regulated learning (SRL). Teachers play a crucial part as learning process facilitators in the development of pupils’ self-regulated learning competence and skills. The aim of this study was to explore teachers’ actions towards the development of self-regulated learning practices in primary school. The results of a survey of 399 primary school teachers in Brussels and the surrounding area (Belgium, Europe) are presented. Findings appeared to be consistent with theoretical assumptions about the development of self-regulated learning suggesting that teachers gradually introduce SRL over primary school grades. When comparing both groups of teachers scoring high and low in stimulating pupils’ self-regulated learning, similar patterns of SRL encouragement were recorded. Furthermore, teachers were found to promote self-regulated learning as a total concept with a comparable emphasis on all phases of the self-regulated learning process. The adjustment of the teaching environment was found to be similar in all grades and for both high and low self-regulated learning practices.
Coinfection with Hepatitis C Virus among HIV-1-Infected Individuals Increases Proinflammatory Cytokines and HIV-1 Disease Severity

However, in cases of HIV-1 and HCV coinfection, the number of chronic HCV infections rises to 90% [4]. The result of any viral infection depends on the interplay between the activation of host cellular factors to the infection and the viral mechanisms that counteract them [5]. HCV is responsible for activating antiviral interferon (IFN)-α/β expression, but irrespective of the expression of these cytokines, HCV can still replicate within the liver [6]. This could be due to the fact that the nonstructural proteins, nonstructural protein (NS)3 and NS5A, and the structural protein E2 can block the expression as well as transcription of IFN-α/β genes. Also, the NS5A protein induces expression of interleukin (IL)-8, associated with IFN-α inhibition [7] HCV can also block the antiviral action of natural killer (NK) and NKT cells thus hindering the expression of IFN-γ (an antiviral cytokine) due to the interaction between E2 and NK-cell CD81 molecule [8]. The production of cytokines by dendritic cells (DCs) is particularly affected by chronic HCV infection and there are contradictory reports concerning the expression of Th1 cytokines, with some studies suggesting that a Th1 response is suppressed [9] and some studies suggesting a progressive liver injury during chronic HCV has been associated with an increase in the Th1 responseassociated cytokines [10]. In this regard, HCV CD4+ T cells also play an important role in providing an adaptive response by activating cytotoxic and humoral responses. This can involve the secretion Volume 4 Issue 1 2016
Counterparty Risk and Funding: The Four Wings of the TVA

The credit crisis and the ongoing European sovereign debt crisis have highlighted the native form of credit risk, namely the counterparty risk. The related credit valuation adjustment (CVA), debt valuation adjustment (DVA), liquidity valuation adjustment (LVA) and replacement cost (RC) issues, jointly referred to in this paper as total valuation adjustment (TVA), have been thoroughly investigated in the theoretical papers [8, 9]. The present work provides an executive summary and numerical companion to these papers, through which the TVA pricing problem can be reduced to Markovian pre-default TVA BSDEs. The first step consists in the counterparty clean valuation of a portfolio of contracts, which is the valuation in a hypothetical situation where the two parties would be risk-free and funded at a risk-free rate. In the second step, the TVA is obtained as the value of an option on the counterparty clean value process called contingent credit default swap (CCDS). Numerical results are presented for interest rate swaps in the Vasicek, as well as in the inverse Gaussian Hull-White short rate model, which allows also to assess the related model risk issue.
Automatic visual dictionary generation through Optimum-Path Forest clustering

Image categorization by means of bag of visual words has received increasing attention by the image processing and vision communities in the last years. In these approaches, each image is represented by invariant points of interest which are mapped to a Hilbert Space representing a visual dictionary which aims at comprising the most discriminative features in a set of images. Notwithstanding, the main problem of such approaches is to find a compact and representative dictionary. Finding such representative dictionary automatically with no user intervention is an even more difficult task. In this paper, we propose a method to automatically find such dictionary by employing a recent developed graph-based clustering algorithm called Optimum-Path Forest, which does not make any assumption about the visual dictionary's size and is more efficient and effective than the state-of-the-art techniques used for dictionary generation.
Female Gangs: A Focus on Research

methodological problems with many reports on female gangs. This Bulletin summarizes both past and current research on female gangs and draws attention to programmatic and research needs. It considers the underlying reasons for female gang membership, assesses the delinquency and criminal activity of female gang members, examines how ethnicity and gender norms may influence female gang behavior, and discusses the longterm consequences of gang membership for females. It concludes with some proposals for future research.
Hamming Correction Code Based Compression for Speech Linear Prediction Reflection Coefficients

In this paper, we represent the exploiting of Hamming Correction Code based Compressor (HCDC) to compress Linear Prediction Coefficients (LPC) in their reflection form, we started with an CELPC system with order 12 and with Discrete Cosine Transform(DCT) based residual excitation, we used first the 40 coefficients with transmission rate of 5.14 kbps, for each frame of the testing signals we applied the a multistage HCDC, we tested the compression performance for parities from 2 to 7, we were able to achieve compression only at parity 4, the rate was reduced from 5.14 kbps to 3.7 kbps for the best case and to 4.2 kbps for the worst case. This rate reduction was made with no compromise in the original CELP signal Quality since the compression is Lossless.
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Family Proteins and c-jun Signaling in Injury-induced Schwann Cell Plasticity

Schwann cells (SCs) in the peripheral nerves myelinate axons during postnatal development to allow saltatory conduction of nerve impulses. Well-organized structures of myelin sheathes are maintained throughout life unless nerves are insulted. After peripheral nerve injury, unidentified signals from injured nerves drive SC dedifferentiation into an immature state. Dedifferentiated SCs participate in axonal regeneration by producing neurotrophic factors and removing degenerating nerve debris. In this review, we focus on the role of mitogen activated protein kinase family proteins (MAP kinases) in SC dedifferentiation. In addition, we will highlight neuregulin 1 and the transcription factor c-jun as upstream and downstream signals for MAP kinases in SC responses to nerve injury.
Reactive template grain growth of BiFeO3-PbTiO3 by using Bi4Ti3O12, PbBi4Ti4O15 and SrTiO3 as templates

Bismuth ferrite exhibits multiferroic properties at room temperature. It is a perovskite with a rhombohedrally distorted lattice and has a ferroelectric Curie point of 836 °C. Lead titanate is a tetragonal perovskite with a ferroelectric Curie point of 490°C. The solid solution between bismuth ferrite and lead titanate xBiFeO3-(1−x)PbTiO3, or BFPT, possesses a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between the rhombohedral and tetragonal forms at x=0.7. It is of interest to investigate the influence of field-driven rhombohedral-tetragonal phase transitions across the MPB, to determine whether correctly oriented BFPT can provide both giant piezoelectric properties and significant magnetoelectric coupling. Here, we used the reactive template grain growth (RTGG) technique to prepare crystallographically textured BFPT ceramics. Template grain growth (TGG) utilizes an oriented template as a seed to improve and increase preferred directional growth within a polycrystalline matrix. In this example, Bi4Ti3O12, PbBi4Ti4O15 and SrTiO3 have been used separately as templates during the process of BFPT preparation. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, using both conventional and synchrotron sources and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that PbBi4Ti4O15 is the most effective template providing a level of texture ITEX = 1.80, with the tetragonal (001) reflection orientated along the cast direction. The limited penetration depth of laboratory XRD renders it insufficient to characterise the texture of these materials.
Increased Early Processing of Task-Irrelevant Auditory Stimuli in Older Adults

The inhibitory deficit hypothesis of cognitive aging posits that older adults’ inability to adequately suppress processing of irrelevant information is a major source of cognitive decline. Prior research has demonstrated that in response to task-irrelevant auditory stimuli there is an age-associated increase in the amplitude of the N1 wave, an ERP marker of early perceptual processing. Here, we tested predictions derived from the inhibitory deficit hypothesis that the age-related increase in N1 would be 1) observed under an auditory-ignore, but not auditory-attend condition, 2) attenuated in individuals with high executive capacity (EC), and 3) augmented by increasing cognitive load of the primary visual task. ERPs were measured in 114 well-matched young, middle-aged, young-old, and old-old adults, designated as having high or average EC based on neuropsychological testing. Under the auditory-ignore (visual-attend) task, participants ignored auditory stimuli and responded to rare target letters under low and high load. Under the auditory-attend task, participants ignored visual stimuli and responded to rare target tones. Results confirmed an age-associated increase in N1 amplitude to auditory stimuli under the auditory-ignore but not auditory-attend task. Contrary to predictions, EC did not modulate the N1 response. The load effect was the opposite of expectation: the N1 to task-irrelevant auditory events was smaller under high load. Finally, older adults did not simply fail to suppress the N1 to auditory stimuli in the task-irrelevant modality; they generated a larger response than to identical stimuli in the task-relevant modality. In summary, several of the study’s findings do not fit the inhibitory-deficit hypothesis of cognitive aging, which may need to be refined or supplemented by alternative accounts.
Possible implications of insulin resistance and glucose metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis

• Introduction • Insulin, IGF‐1 in the brain • Glucose metabolism and AD • The insulin and IGF‐1 system in AD • The insulin and oxidative stress in AD • The insulin and IGF‐1R system and τ phosphorylation • Brain amyloid and insulin IGF‐1 signalling • Insulin, inflammation and AD • Conclusions
Reconfiguring race in the online interactions of South African undergraduates

Abstract A central tenet of discourse analysis is that while authors can employ multiple textual devices to influence the interpretations that readers draw, the outcome of the meaning-making process is mediated by pre-existing discursive frames, which readers draw upon during the process. By examining readers’ reactions to texts that confront them with difficult knowledge, insights can be gleaned into the underlying frames that structure readers’ responses and through which they are able to avoid or repudiate particularly troubling dimensions of this knowledge. Deploying this perspective, several discourse analyses have probed into the ways subjects who identify as white are able to acknowledge race as a factor in social hierarchy, but without allowing this recognition to stimulate critical analysis. The present study scrutinises an online forum, which required a sample of South African students to discuss the covert manifestation of racism, based on a text from a popular magazine that promotes the value of acknowledging personal complicity in everyday racism. The analysis is focused on the discursive frames through which respondents seek to resist and/or concur with this position, as well as on the way respondents situate themselves as members of the Born Free generation.