Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teachers' Choice and Learners' Preference of Corrective Feedback Types

Corrective feedback (CF) has been investigated in relation to learners' error types that trigger CF and learners' responses to CF. These research findings generally suggest that recasts, the most frequently used type of CF, did not trigger learners' reformulation of their erroneous utterances very frequently. In these studies, however, teachers' choice and learners' preference of CF types have not been probed from the point of view of the teachers and learners. The present study explores teachers' choice and learners' preference for CF types in Japanese as a foreign language (JFL) classrooms through audio recordings of the classes and a stimulated recall (SR) interview with each participant. The findings indicate that teachers chose recasts because of the time limitation of classes and their awareness of learners' cognitive styles. They also chose CF types such as elicitation or metalinguistic feedback when they regarded the learners who made erroneous utterances as being able to work out correct forms on their own. Most of the learners preferred to have an opportunity to think about their errors and the correct forms before receiving correct forms by recast.
Exploring the Use of the Revised New Ecological Paradigm Scale (NEP) to Monitor the Development of Students’ Ecological Worldviews

Higher education institutions are interested in the impact that they and concurrent life experiences may have on students’ sustainability attitudes, but they lack formal processes to monitor changes. We used the NEP to monitor changes in students’ ecological worldviews. We were interested in what variation there would be in a multidisciplinary group, if the NEP could detect changes in students’ ecological worldviews over a limited time period, and to learn more about the NEP and its use. We conclude that the NEP is a valuable research instrument for this study and that monitoring students’ attitudes is a worthwhile precursor to debating the issues institutionally.
Concise Review: Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Wound Repair

Wound healing requires a coordinated interplay among cells, growth factors, and extracellular matrix proteins. Central to this process is the endogenous mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), which coordinates the repair response by recruiting other host cells and secreting growth factors and matrix proteins. MSCs are self‐renewing multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into various lineages of mesenchymal origin such as bone, cartilage, tendon, and fat. In addition to multilineage differentiation capacity, MSCs regulate immune response and inflammation and possess powerful tissue protective and reparative mechanisms, making these cells attractive for treatment of different diseases. The beneficial effect of exogenous MSCs on wound healing was observed in a variety of animal models and in reported clinical cases. Specifically, they have been successfully used to treat chronic wounds and stimulate stalled healing processes. Recent studies revealed that human placental membranes are a rich source of MSCs for tissue regeneration and repair. This review provides a concise summary of current knowledge of biological properties of MSCs and describes the use of MSCs for wound healing. In particular, the scope of this review focuses on the role MSCs have in each phase of the wound‐healing process. In addition, characterization of MSCs containing skin substitutes is described, demonstrating the presence of key growth factors and cytokines uniquely suited to aid in wound repair.
Creative Self-Efficacy: Correlates in Middle and Secondary Students

ABSTRACT: This study examined correlates of creative self-efficacy (i.e., self-judgments of creative ability) in middle and secondary students (N = 1,322). Results indicate that students' mastery- and performance-approach beliefs and teacher feedback on creative ability were positively related to students' creative self-efficacy. Creative self-efficacy was also linked to student reports of their teachers not listening to them and sometimes feeling that their teachers had given up on them. Students with higher levels of creative self-efficacy were significantly more likely to hold more positive beliefs about their academic abilities in all subject areas and were significantly more likely to indicate that they planned to attend college than students with lower levels of creative self-efficacy. Finally, students with higher levels of creative self-efficacy were significantly more likely to report higher levels of participation in after-school academics and after- school group activities. Implications for creativity research and practice are discussed.
Connexins as therapeutic targets in lung disease

Introduction: The lung is a mechanically active system exposed to the external environment and is particularly sensitive to injury and inflammation. Studies have identified intercellular communication pathways that promote proper lung function in response to injury and disease. These pathways involve connexins (Cxs) and gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC). Areas covered in this review: The functional expression of Cxs in airway epithelium and vasculature, under normal and pathological conditions, is reviewed. Inhibition of GJIC and/or silencing of Cxs have been shown to modulate the course of disease development. Cx-based channels: i) coordinate ciliary beating and fluid transport to promote clearance of particulates, ii) regulate secretion of pulmonary surfactant, in response to deep inhalation by interconnecting type I and type II alveolar epithelial cells, and iii) are key mediators of pro- and anti-inflammatory signalling by the pulmonary endothelium, in order to modulate leukocyte recruitment from the circulation. Expert opinion: Cx-based channels play several central roles in promoting a regulated inflammatory response and facilitating lung repair, thus enabling the pulmonary epithelium and vasculature to behave as integrated systems. Several pathologies can disrupt the normal communication pathways required for proper lung function, including acute lung injury, asthma, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis and cancer.
Medial temporal lobe activation during context‐dependent relational processes in episodic retrieval: An fMRI study

Previous studies have reported that the medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures contribute to the processing of relations among multiple stimuli in episodic encoding. There have been few studies, however, on the episodic retrieval requiring processing of relations among multiple components that was involved in our events. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate neural activities during the retrieval of relations within an organized episode and the recognition of an episodic component. Healthy, normal participants memorized 50 four‐scene comic strips before fMRI scanning. In the retrieval phase with fMRI scanning, participants were engaged in three tasks: a visual identification (VI) task, a story recall (SR) task, and a picture recognition (PRe) task. In the VI task, participants were asked to judge whether they could identify at least one female character in the two scenes presented vertically. In the SR task, participants were shown the first and last scenes from strips memorized previously and asked to judge whether or not the two scenes were from the same strip. In the PRe task, participants were shown two scenes and asked to judge whether they both belonged to the memorized scenes. The two contrasts of SR with VI and PRe with VI demonstrated some commonly activated areas, such as the bilateral middle frontal gyrus and cerebellum. More importantly, the SR task differentially activated the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, whereas the PRe task differentially activated right prefrontal areas, including the inferior frontal and precentral gyri. The results suggest that the activity of the MTL structures may be strongly associated with episodic memory retrieval requiring context‐dependent relational processing. Hum. Brain Mapping 17:203–213, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dignity Amidst Liminality: Healing Within Suffering Among Chinese Terminal Cancer Patients

This study critically examines the concepts of dignity and liminality at the end-of-life, in an effort to better understand the processes of healing within suffering among Chinese terminal cancer patients receiving palliative care services in Hong Kong. Meaning-oriented interviews were conducted with 18 Chinese terminal patients, aged 44 to 98, to elicit the narratives and stories of their illness experience. All interviews were analyzed using grounded theory and supplemented by ethnographic observations and field notes. Two major themes and eight subprocesses of healing adopted by patients to achieve and maintain dignity were identified: (a) personal autonomy, which encompasses the need to (i) regain control over living environments, (ii) maintain self-sufficiency despite institutional care, (ii) make informed care decisions to reduce sense of burden, and (iv) engage in future planning to create a lasting legacy; and (b) family connectedness, which encompasses the need to (i) maintain close ties with family members to express appreciation, (ii) achieve reconciliation, (iii) fulfill family obligations, and (iv) establish a continuing bond that transcends generations. Implications of these themes for advanced care planning and life review interventions were discussed with the goal of enhancing patient autonomy and family connectedness, and thereby providing structure and meaning for Chinese terminal patients and their families at the end of life.
The influence of demography and local mating environment on sex ratios in a wind-pollinated dioecious plant

Negative frequency-dependent selection should result in equal sex ratios in large populations of dioecious flowering plants, but deviations from equality are commonly reported. A variety of ecological and genetic factors can explain biased sex ratios, although the mechanisms involved are not well understood. Most dioecious species are long-lived and/or clonal complicating efforts to identify stages during the life cycle when biases develop. We investigated the demographic correlates of sex-ratio variation in two chromosome races of Rumex hastatulus, an annual, wind-pollinated colonizer of open habitats from the southern USA. We examined sex ratios in 46 populations and evaluated the hypothesis that the proximity of males in the local mating environment, through its influence on gametophytic selection, is the primary cause of female-biased sex ratios. Female-biased sex ratios characterized most populations of R. hastatulus (mean sex ratio = 0.62), with significant female bias in 89% of populations. Large, high-density populations had the highest proportion of females, whereas smaller, low-density populations had sex ratios closer to equality. Progeny sex ratios were more female biased when males were in closer proximity to females, a result consistent with the gametophytic selection hypothesis. Our results suggest that interactions between demographic and genetic factors are probably the main cause of female-biased sex ratios in R. hastatulus. The annual life cycle of this species may limit the scope for selection against males and may account for the weaker degree of bias in comparison with perennial Rumex species.
ITHAS: An Experiential Education Case Study in Tourism Education

Abstract Experiential education has been well discussed in a variety of educational contexts. While there are many reports in a diversity of disciplines of examples of experiential education, there is a need to report studies that demonstrate such approaches within tourism and hospitality management education. Many educators have found experiential methods to be useful in supplementing theory with contextualized application; nevertheless, it is important to explore experiential approaches in education further so as to establish more firmly a theoretical foundation and to offer considered examples of successful experiential education experiments. Experiential education has the potential to overcome many of the limitations of traditional approaches to instruction. Firmly based in the educational philosophy of John Dewey and other pragmatists who focused on the necessity of experience in education, it can be an interesting and interactive way of reducing the distance between theory and practice. This paper offers an evaluative account of a distinctive example of experiential education. The International Tourism and Hospitality Academy at Sea (ITHAS) was an educational tour of Croatian National Parks organized for an international group of European university students. An analysis of student experiences demonstrates a high level of interest in this example of experiential education and it demonstrates how the ITHAS experience enhanced learning, encouraged peer facilitation, increased awareness of participant behaviour and ensured participant commitment.
Transfusion of stored blood impairs host defenses against Gram‐negative pathogens in mice

Although human red blood cell (RBC) units may be refrigerator stored for up to 42 days, transfusion of older RBCs acutely delivers a large bolus of iron to mononuclear phagocytes. Similarly, iron dextran circulates in plasma for hours to days and is progressively cleared by mononuclear phagocytes, which return iron to plasma. Finally, malaria infection continuously delivers iron to macrophages by intra‐ and extravascular hemolysis. Studies suggest that iron administration increases infectious risk.
Face Detection Based on LDA and NN

In this paper, we propose a new method for face detection by combining a modified linear discriminant analysis (M-LDA) and neural network (NN). Here, M-LDA is used for feature extraction, and NN is used to make the final decision. The M-LDA minimizes the variance within all "face " clusters, and at the same time, maximizes the variance between all "face" clusters and all "non-face" patterns. The feature space obtained by M-LDA has a dimensionality less than that of the original problem, and thus the complexity of the NN used in the second step can be greatly reduced. To validate the efficacy of the proposed method, we conducted several experiments with four methods, namely the proposed method, NN, PCA+NN, and LDA+NN. Results show that the proposed method can provide lower false positive and false negative errors for unknown test
Control, means-ends, and agency beliefs : A new conceptualization and its measurement during childhood

We presented a new conceptualization of perceived control in which three conceptually independent sets of beliefs are distinguished: control beliefs, expectations about the extent to which agents (e.g., the self) can obtain desired outcomes; means-ends beliefs, expectations about the extent to which certain potential causes produce outcomes; and agency beliefs, expectations about the extent to which agents possess potential means. In a study of 155 children from Grades 2, 4, and 6, we demonstrated that children's questionnaire responses reflected the distinction between these beliefs. Factor analyses of the items for each known cause separately revealed the predicted three factors, marked by control, means-ends, and agency items, respectively. Likewise, factor analysis of the scale scores resulted in control and agency beliefs factors as well as three factors for means-ends beliefs. Initial evidence on the usefulness of the new scheme indicates that control, means-ends, and agency beliefs show differential developmental trajectories as well as differential relations with cognitive performance.
On Learning to Teach Fat Feminism

As a feminist theorist who frequently teaches theorizing that starts from embodied experience, I have begun to incorporate fat feminism into my teaching.1 As a neophyte and a relatively thin woman, I have been self-conscious about broaching issues related to fat bodies in my teaching, even though they clearly raise important issues about size bigotry, thin privilege, and body acceptance. Why should a feminist teacher want to teach about fat bodies? Why might she (and why did I) find it scary and intimidating to do so? What approaches did I take to teaching fat feminism, and what approaches will I take next time I teach thinking from the body? By sharing my fledgling efforts, misgivings and breakthroughs alike, I hope to encourage feminist teachers to explore work on fatness and integrate it into their teaching.
Reconsidering the construct of mental retardation: implications of a model of social competence.

A historical overview of efforts to integrate social competence into a definition of mental retardation was provided. The existing AAMR definition was criticized for its incorporation of a muddled construct of adaptive behavior, which over-emphasizes psychopathology and underemphasizes social intelligence. A model of general competence was presented, and mental retardation was reconceptualized as a condition characterized by deficits in social, practical, and conceptual intelligence. Although such a conceptualization would be an improvement on the current definition, we argued that a definition of mental retardation based on social competence outcomes (i.e., need for support in playing critical social roles) would be preferable to a definition that is still tied too closely to psychometric criteria.
Relationality, Intersubjectivity, and Culture: Experiences in a Therapeutic Discourse of Virtual Kinship

The contextual vision of relational therapies needs to expand beyond the therapeutic dyad to include the cultural context and the indigenous beliefs and practices that can impact on the relationship. An example of this claim is the “virtual kinship” discourse common in some sectors of Turkish society, which involves the use of a kinship idiom in interactions with nonkin, especially across class and gender lines, so that an implicit code governing social reciprocities in actual kinship relations can be invoked. This article provides clinical examples of its use by patients who differ in class and gender from the therapist. Also discussed are the impact of the discourse on the therapist and the way in which the discourse serves to create an intersubjective space for the cocreation of therapeutic meaning.
Cell-cycle-dependent dynamics of nuclear pores: pore-free islands and lamins

Nuclear pores are sophisticated gateways on the nuclear envelope that control macromolecular transport between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. So far the structural and functional aspects of nuclear pores have been extensively studied, but their distribution and density, which might reflect nuclear organization and function, remain unknown. Here, we report the cell-cycle-dependent dynamics of nuclear pores. Large distinct subdomains lacking nuclear pores are present on the nuclear surface of HeLaS3 cells in early cell-cycle stages. Such `pore-free islands' gradually become dispersed in G1-S phase. Surprisingly, the islands are enriched with inner nuclear membrane proteins lamin A/C and emerin, but exclude lamin B. Lamin-A/C-enriched pore-free islands were also observed in human normal diploid fibroblasts and several cell lines, showing the generality of this phenomenon. Knockdown and ectopic expression analyses demonstrated that lamin A/C, but not emerin, plays an essential structural and regulatory role in the nuclear pore distribution and the formation of pore-free islands. These data thus provide strong evidence that the dynamics of nuclear pores are regulated by the reorganization of inner nuclear structures.
Reciprocity in the Teacher-Pupil and Peer Verbal Interactions of Learning Disabled, Behavior-Disordered, and Regular Education Students

The purpose of this study was to examine the reciprocal interactions of learning disabled (LD), behavior-disordered (BD), and regular education students. The interactions of 15 students from each diagnostic group (LD, BD, regular education) and their peers, teachers, and classroom aides were observed using a behavior observation instrument designed to monitor (a) frequency of 14 target behaviors, (b) direction of the interaction (i.e., given to or received from), and (c) status of the party involved in the interaction (i.e., peer, teacher, aide). A correlational analysis indicated that negative peer-student interactions were reciprocal. In contrast, neither positive or negative teacher-student interactions nor positive peer-student interactions were reciprocal. First-order conditional probabilities (i.e., the probability of a statement being followed by a selected response) showed that BD, LD, and regular students responded to others in a similar manner. Likewise, the teachers of the three groups were similar in their responses to students. In all groups, positive, negative, and neutral statements were most likely to be followed either by an absence of a response or by a neutral response.
Effect of specific antibody on adherence of Staphylococcus aureus to bovine mammary epithelial cells

Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen in the bovine mammary gland. The ability of S. aureus to adhere to epithelial cells in the ductules and alveoli of the bovine mammary gland is believed to add greatly to its virulence and may be necessary for colonization. Two in vitro methods were developed for the purposes of quantifying adherence and of determining the effect which specific antibody may have in inhibiting the adherence of this organism. Both methods utilize bovine mammary epithelial primary cells as targets for labeled bacteria. In one assay, the bacteria are labeled with [methyl-3H]thymidine and incubated on the primary epithelial monolayers. The second assay involves labeling the bacteria with biotin. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is then performed with streptavidin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Both methods have proven to be reliable and allow for the testing of many criteria in one assay. Cows were immunized with a whole-cell vaccine, and immune serum and milk were collected. The bacteria were then incubated in the presence of serum or milk as a test for antiadherent capability. By using the methods described, distinct antiadherent activity in both serum and milk was demonstrated.
Intergenerational Exchange Between Parents and Migrant and Nonmigrant Sons in Rural China

This investigation examined whether intergenerational exchanges of time and money resources between older parents and their adult sons in rural China were conditioned on sons' migration status. Data derived from 2001 and 2003 waves of a longitudinal study of 1,126 parents, aged 60 and older, living in rural areas of Anhui Province, China, and their 2,724 adult sons. Random-effects regression analysis showed that marginal financial returns to parents of providing grandchild care services and financial assistance were greater from migrant sons than from nonmigrant sons. We explain these results in terms of strategic investments in the earning potential of migrant sons and the bargaining power wielded by grandparents who care for dependent children of migrants.
The HDM: a segmental hidden dynamic model of coarticulation

This paper introduces a new approach to acoustic-phonetic modelling, the hidden dynamic model (HDM), which explicitly accounts for the coarticulation and transitions between neighbouring phones. Inspired by the fact that speech is really produced by an underlying dynamic system, the HDM consists of a single vector target per phone in a hidden dynamic space in which speech trajectories are produced by a simple dynamic system. The hidden space is mapped to the surface acoustic representation via a non-linear mapping in the form of a multilayer perceptron (MLP). Algorithms are presented for training of all the parameters (target vectors and MLP weights) from segmented and labelled acoustic observations alone, with no special initialisation. The model captures the dynamic structure of speech, and appears to aid a speech recognition task based on the SwitchBoard corpus.