Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corn Silage Evaluation : MILK 2000 Challenges and Opportunities with MILK 2006

Introduction An index of forage quality, milk per ton of forage DM (Undersander et al., 1993), was developed using an energy value of forage predicted from ADF content and DMI potential of forage predicted from NDF content as its basis. The milk per ton quality index was later modified for corn silage (Schwab et al., 2003) using an energy value derived from summative equations (Schwab et al., 2003; NRC, 2001) and DMI predicted from both NDF content (Mertens, 1987) and digestibility (NDFD, % of NDF; Oba and Allen, 1999b) as its basis. This milk per ton quality index (MILK2000; Schwab et al., 2003) has become a focal point for corn silage hybrid-performance trials and hybrid-breeding programs in academia and the seed-corn industry (Lauer et al., 2005). An update (MILK2006) is in progress and will be discussed herein. Model NE L-3x and DMI We (Schwab et al., 2003) modified the NRC (2001) TDN maintenance summative energy equation for corn silage to include starch and non-starch NFC components with a variable predicted starch digestibility coefficient, and a direct laboratory measure of the NDF digestibility coefficient rather than one calculated using lignin content. The NE L-3x energy value was derived from TDN maintenance using the NRC (1989) empirical equation in MILK2000 (Schwab et al., 2003). In MILK2006, the NE L-3x energy value will be derived using an adaptation of the TDN-DE-ME-NE conversion equations provided in NRC (2001). Neutral detergent fiber content and digestibility are used to predict DMI (Schwab et al., 2003) in both MILK2000 and MILK2006. However, a one %-unit change in NDFD (% of NDF) from lab-average NDFD will change DMI 0.26 lb. per day (Oba and Allen, 2005; Jung et al., 2004) in MILK2006 versus the 0.37 lb. per day value (Oba and Allen, 1999b) that was used in MILK2000. In MILK2000, variation in NDFD impacts NE L intake through effects on both NE L-3x content and DMI (Schwab et al., 2003). However, Tine et al. (2001) and Oba and Allen (1999a) reported that at production levels of intake, NDFD has minimal impact on NE L-3x content but impacts NE L intake primarily through effects on DMI. In MILK2006, the NDFD value used for calculating NE L-3x will be adjusted for differences in DMI predicted from NDFD using an equation adapted from Oba and Allen (1999a). Thus, NDFD will impact NE L intake and hence the milk per ton quality …
Serotonin Regulates the Firing of Principal Cells of the Subiculum by Inhibiting a T-type Ca2+ Current

The subiculum is the main output of the hippocampal formation. A high proportion of its principal neurons fire action potentials in bursts triggered by the activation of low threshold calcium currents. This firing pattern promotes synaptic release and regulates spike-timing-dependent plasticity. The subiculum receives a high density of fibers originating from the raphe nuclei, suggesting that serotonin (5-HT) modulates subicular neurons. Here we investigated if and how 5-HT modulates the firing pattern of bursting neurons. By combining electrophysiological analysis with pharmacology, optogenetics and calcium imaging, we demonstrate that 5-HT2C receptors reduce bursting activity by inhibiting a low-threshold calcium current mediated by T-type Ca2+ channels in principal cells of the subiculum. In addition, we show that the activation of this novel pathway decreases bursting activity and the occurrence of epileptiform discharges induced in in vitro models for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).
Análisis transversal de los cinco factores de personalidad por sexo y edad en niños españoles

El presente estudio explora las diferencias por edad y sexo en los cinco factores de personalidad en poblacion infantil. El cuestionario de personalidad de los cinco grandes (Big Five Questionnaire-Children. BFQ-C) fue administrado a 852 escolares (501 varones y 351 mujeres) de edades comprendidas entre 8 y 15 anos. La comparacion de medias y el analisis discriminante indicaron un patron de personalidad diferencial entre grupos. Los sujetos de mas edad presentaron significativamente mas caracteristicas de neuroticismo y extraversion y menores niveles de conciencia, apertura y agradabilidad. Las chicas se caracterizaron por mayores rasgos de conciencia y agradabilidad que llegada la adolescencia equiparaban a sus iguales varones a favor de un aumento del neuroticismo y un descenso de la apertura.
PENGARUH METODE INKUIRI TERBIMBING DAN PROYEK, KREATIVITAS, SERTA KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode inkuiri terbimbing dan proyek, kreativitas serta keterampilan proses sains terhadap prestasi belajar siswa. Penelitian dilakukan di SMA Negeri 1 Papar tahun ajaran 2011/2012. Populasi dari penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI IA. Sampel kelas diambil dengan metode cluster random sampling. Uji hipotesis menggunakan ANAVA. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, diperoleh bahwa: (1)Terdapat perbedaan prestasi belajar kognitif antara siswa yang diberi pembelajaran menggunakan metode inkuiri terbimbing dan proyek dengan yang diberi pembelajaran menggunakan PBL; (2) Terdapat perbedaan prestasi belajar afektif antara siswa dengan kreativitas tinggi dan rendah; (3) Terdapat perbedaan prestasi belajar kognitif, psikomotor, dan afektif antara siswa dengan keterampilan proses sains tinggi dan rendah; (4) Terdapat interaksi antara metode pembelajaran dengan kreativitas terhadap prestasi belajar afektif; (5) Terdapat interaksi antara metode pembelajaran dengan kreativitas terhadap prestasi belajar psikomotor dan afektif;(6) Terdapat interaksi antara kreativitas dengan keterampilan proses sains terhadap prestasi belajar afektif; dan (7) Terdapat interaksi antara metode pembelajaran, kreativitas, dan keterampilan proses sains terhadap prestasi belajar kognitif dan afektif. This research aims to determine the effect of guided inquiry and project method, creativity,and science process skills to students’ achievement.Research was conducted in SMA Negeri 1 Papar in 2011/2012 academic year. Population of research were the XI grade students. Samples were taken buy using cluster random sampling method. Hypothesis test used ANOVA. Based on the analyzes results, it was obtained that 1) there was a difference between students cognitive achievement reached by students learning used guided inquiry applying project method and problem based learning method, 2) there was a difference in affective students’ achievement between high and low creative students, 3) there was difference in cognitive, psychomotor, and affective students’ achievement between high and low science process skills students, 4) there was a relation between learning method applying creativity and affective achievement, 5) ) there was a relation among learning method applying creativity and psychomotor and affective achievement, 6) there wasa relation between creativity applying science process skills with affective achievement; and 7)there was relation among learning methods, creativity, and science process skills and cognitive and affective achievement.
Discovering Maximal Generalized Decision Rules Through Horizontal and Vertical Data Reduction

We present a method to learn maximal generalized decision rules from databases by integrating discretization, generalization and rough set feature selection. Our method reduces the data horizontally and vertically. In the first phase, discretization and generalization are integrated and the numeric attributes are discretized into a few intervals. The primitive values of symbolic attributes are replaced by high level concepts and some obvious superfluous or irrelevant symbolic attributes are also eliminated. Horizontal reduction is accomplished by merging identical tuples after the substitution of an attribute value by its higher level value in a pre‐defined concept hierarchy for symbolic attributes, or the discretization of continuous (or numeric) attributes. This phase greatly decreases the number of tuples in the database. In the second phase, a novel context‐sensitive feature merit measure is used to rank the features, a subset of relevant attributes is chosen based on rough set theory and the merit values of the features. A reduced table is obtained by removing those attributes which are not in the relevant attributes subset and the data set is further reduced vertically without destroying the interdependence relationships between classes and the attributes. Then rough set‐based value reduction is further performed on the reduced table and all redundant condition values are dropped. Finally, tuples in the reduced table are transformed into a set of maximal generalized decision rules. The experimental results on UCI data sets and a real market database demonstrate that our method can dramatically reduce the feature space and improve learning accuracy.
A Grounded Theory of Connectivity and Persistence in a Limited Residency Doctoral Program

Limited-residency and online doctoral programs have an attrition rate significantly higher than traditional programs. This grounded-theory study focused on issues pertaining to communication between students, their peers and faculty and how interpersonal communication may affect persistence. Data were collected from 17 students actively working on their dissertation in a limited-residency educational technology program. The resultant theory indicated that students felt communication between themselves and peers is possible but not common. Students also indicated that dissertation supervisors are readily accessible but longer than expected response times may contribute to a lack of student success. The results suggest the development and effective use of an online community of practice will support the communication needs of students and faculty.
Characterization of the T‐Cell Receptor V‐β Repertoire in Kawasaki Disease

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a paediatric multisystem necrotizing vasculitis constituting the most frequent cause of acquired heart disease in childhood. Conflicting data have been reported regarding expanded T‐cell populations using particular T‐cell receptor (TCR) β‐chain variable (BV) gene segments, suggesting either a superantigen‐ or a conventional antigen‐mediated immune response in this disease. In order to further investigate the role of T lymphocytes, cells were stained with an extensive panel of 21 different TCRBV specific monoclonal antibobies (MoAbs) covering almost 70% of all T‐cells. Flow cytometry was employed to analyse the expression of the TCRBV repertoire in the CD4+ and CD8+ subsets separately, and of activation markers, in freshly isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes of 25 Kawasaki disease patients during the acute and convalescent phases of the disease. No abnormal usage of any TCRBV family was found, neither acutely nor during convalescence, compared with a control group of healthy children. However, a significant increase in interleukin‐2 receptor (IL‐2R)‐expressing T lymphocytes restricted to the CD4+ subset was observed in KD patients. Our data confirm a strong immune activation in KD that might be of importance in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Prenatal programming of adult hypertension in the rat.

BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have suggested that low birthweight is a risk factor for the development of essential hypertension in adulthood, but the mechanism is unknown. METHODS A rat model of intrauterine growth retardation was employed. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were kept on 6% protein or on control isocaloric 20% protein diet from gestational day 12 until term. Systolic blood pressures of the offspring were monitored by the tail cuff method. Apoptosis was determined by the TUNEL method, cell proliferation by anti-Ki67 antibody, and the total number of glomeruli by the maceration method. Results are mean +/- SD. RESULTS The kidney and body sizes of the offspring from the low-protein pregnancies (LP) were proportionately decreased at birth. Full catch-up growth occurred during the first two weeks of life. The kidneys were normal by standard histology but exhibited increased apoptosis without increased cell proliferation at eight weeks of age. The total number of glomeruli per kidney was decreased by 28% in males (P < 0.001) and by 29% in females (P < 0.01). By eight weeks of age, both male and female LP had systolic blood pressures that were 20 to 25 mm Hg higher than those of control animals (P < 0.001), and their 18-month survival was significantly decreased (44 vs. 93%, P < 0.01). During the prehypertensive stage, at four weeks of age, PRA in LP was low (1.7 +/- 1.4 vs. 19.7 +/- 5.5 ng/mL/hour in males, P < 0.0001; 4.9 +/- 2.2 vs. 14.9 +/- 7.2 ng/mL/hour in females, P < 0.0005), and aldosterone was high (93 +/- 15 vs. 54 +/- 27 pg/mL in males, P < 0. 005; 93 +/- 20 vs. 48 +/- 20 pg/mL in females, P < 0.0001). Smaller but significant differences persisted at eight weeks of age. CONCLUSIONS Adult blood pressure profile is susceptible to prenatal programming by maternal low-protein diet in the rat. The mechanism may involve an altered renin-aldosterone axis and a deficit in total nephron number.
Expressing Opinions in French and Australian English Discourse: A Semantic and Interactional Analysis

Based on the analysis of conversations between French and Australian English speakers discussing various topics, including their experiences as non-native speakers in France or Australia, this book combines subjective personal testimonies with an objective linguistic analysis of the expression of opinion in discourse. It offers a new perspective on French and Australian English interactional style by examining the discourse markers I think, je pense, je crois and je trouve . It is shown that the prosody, intonation unit position, and the surrounding context of these markers are all fundamental to their function and meaning in interaction. In addition, this book offers the first detailed comparative semantic study of the three comparative French expressions in interaction. The book will appeal to all those interested in linguistics, French and Australian English interactional style, cross-cultural communication, and discourse analysis. Students and teachers of French will be interested in the semantic analysis of the French expressions, the authentic interactional data and the personal testimonies of the participants.
Referral to yoga therapists in rural primary health care: A survey of general practitioners in rural and regional New South Wales, Australia

Background: Yoga is an increasingly accepted complementary treatment modality for referral in Australian general practice, yet this practitioner group has largely escaped research attention in Australia. Complementary medicine use is highest in rural and regional areas, where a number of primary health care challenges are also more pronounced. Despite the significant role of complementary therapists in rural and regional Australia, and the increasing acceptance of yoga therapy in general practice, there has been little exploration of the interface between yoga therapists and conventional primary health care practitioners in this area. Materials and Methods: A 27-item questionnaire was sent to all 1486 general practitioners (GPs) currently practising in rural and regional Divisions of General Practice in New South Wales, Australia. Results: Completed questionnaires were returned by 585 GPs, with 49 returned as ‘no longer at this address’ (response rate 40.7%). One-in-eight GPs (12.1%) advised their patients of specific yoga therapies and protocols, and 7.2% advised specific meditation techniques. Three-quarters of GPs (76.6%) referred to a yoga therapist at least a few times per year, with 12.5% of GPs referring at least once per week. GPs being in a remote location (OR = 10.95; CI: 1.55, 77.31), being female (OR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.16, 2.94), GPs graduating from an Australian medical school (OR = 4.52; 95% CI: 2.61, 7.80), perceiving lack of other treatment options (OR = 3.29; 95% CI: 1.61, 6.74), GPs reporting good or very good knowledge of yoga therapies (OR = 18.2; 95% CI: 9.19, 36.19), and GPs using CAM for their own personal health (OR = 4.53; 95% CI: 2.60, 7.87) were all independently predictive of increased referral to yoga therapists amongst the rural GPs in this study. Conclusions: There is a significant interface between yoga therapists in Australian rural and regional general practice. There is generally high support for yoga therapies among Australian GPs, with low levels of opposition to the incorporation of these therapies in patient care. There is a need for increased research into yoga therapies practice, policy and regulation in these areas.
Clinical, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Effects of Tolcapone Withdrawal in Levodopa-Treated Patients with Parkinsonism

The effect and clinical significance of tolcapone withdrawal on erythrocyte catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity, levodopa pharmacokinetics, and levodopa requirements were investigated in 59 patients with fluctuating parkinsonism who were randomized to receive placebo or tolcapone 100 or 200 mg three times daily for 6 weeks. Tolcapone withdrawal caused a transient elevation in COMT activity by 64% in patients receiving 100 mg three times daily and by 128% in those receiving 200 mg three times daily at approximately 1–2 weeks after discontinuation of drug. Thereafter, COMT activity was declining but did not reach baseline values by the 12-week study endpoint. However, this had no effect on plasma levodopa and 3-O-methyldopa (3-OMD) concentrations or on levodopa requirements. During treatment, tolcapone increased “on” time and decreased “off” time; after discontinuation of study medication and levodopa dose adjustment, on and off times were similar to baseline. Withdrawal was generally well tolerated; no patients withdrew from the trial during the posttreatment period, and no serious adverse events were observed. In conclusion, the transient increase in erythrocyte COMT activity observed after discontinuation of tolcapone is not associated with changes in peripheral levodopa metabolism and therefore has no significant clinical consequences in terms of levodopa requirements, clinical symptoms, or adverse events.
The Dual Negative Selection Algorithm Based on Pattern Recognition Receptor Theory and Its Application in Two-class Data Classification

Negative Selection Algorithm (NSA) is an important artificial immune data classifiers generation method in Artificial Immune System (AIS) research. However, with the increase of the data dimensions, the current data classification algorithms which based on NSA exist the problems of excessive number of generated classifiers and too low classifier generation efficiency. In this paper, the Dual Negative Selection Algorithm based on Pattern Recognition Receptor theory (PRR-2NSA) is proposed, which simulates the process of Antigen Presenting Cells (APC) recognized the Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMP) to trigger the immune response. The PRR-2NSA algorithm generates the APC classifier based on training set clustering firstly, and then generates the T-cell classifiers within the coverage of the APC classifier set with dual negative selection algorithm (2NSA) secondly. The 2NSA avoids the unnecessary and time-consuming self-tolerance process of candidate classifier within the coverage of existing mature classifiers, thus greatly reduces classifier set size, significantly improves classifier generation efficiency. The PRR-2NSA introduces the APC classifiers’ co-stimulation to the T-Cell classifier, which reduce the occurrence of false classification on one hand, and accelerate the data classification efficiency on the other hand. Theoretical analysis and simulations show that the PRR-2NSA algorithm effectively improves classification efficiency and reduces the time cost of
Novel endo-α-N-acetylgalactosaminidases with broader substrate specificity

In an effort to identify novel endo-α-N-acetylgalact- osaminidases (endo-α-GalNAcases), four potential genes were cloned. Three of the expressed proteins EngEF from Enterococcus faecalis, EngPA from Propionibacterium acnes, and EngCP from Clostridium perfringens were purified and characterized. Their substrate specificity was investigated and compared to the commercially available endo-α-GalNAcases from Streptococcus pneumoniae (EngSP) and Alcaligenes sp. (EngAL). All enzymes were incubated with various synthetic substrates, and natural glycoproteins and the released sugars were detected by colorimetric assay and thin layer chromatography analysis. The Core 1 disaccharide Galβ1,3GalNAcα1pNP was the most rapidly hydrolyzed substrate by all enzymes tested. EngEF exhibited the highest kcat for this substrate. EngEF and EngPA were also able to fully hydrolyze the Core 3 disaccharide GlcNAcβ1,3GalNAcα1pNP. This is the first report of endo-α-GalNAcases EngEF and EngPA acting on Core 3 in addition to Core 1 O-glycans. Interestingly, there were no significant differences in transglycosylation activities when Galβ1,3GalNAcα1pNP or GlcNAcβ1,3GalNAcα1pNP was incubated with various 1-alkanols in the presence of the endo-α-GalNAcases tested in this work.
Iteration space slicing and its application to communication optimization

Program slicing is an analysis that answers questions such as “Which statements might affect the computation of variable 11 at stat.ement s? ” or “Which statements depend on the value of u computed in statement s? “. The answers computed by program slicing are generally a set of statements. We introduce the idea of iteration spacing slicing: we refine program slicing to ask questions such as “Which iterations of which statements might effect. the computation in iterations I of statement R? ” or “Which iterations of which statements depend on the value computed by iterations I of statement s? “. One application of this general-purpose technique is optimization of interprocessor communication in data-parallel compilers. For example, we can separate a code fragment into 1) those iterations that must be done before a send, 2) t,hose it,erations that don’t need to be done before a send and don’t depend on non-local data and 3), those iterations that depend on non-local data. We examine applications of iteration space slicing to communication optimizations in parallel executions of programs such as stencil computations and block-cyclic Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting.
Site-Specific Ser/Thr/Tyr Phosphoproteome of Sinorhizobium meliloti at Stationary Phase

Sinorhizobium meliloti, a facultative microsymbiont of alfalfa, should fine-tune its cellular processes to live saprophytically in soils characterized with limited nutrients and diverse stresses. In this study, TiO2 enrichment and LC-MS/MS were used to uncover the site-specific Ser/Thr/Tyr phosphoproteome of S. meliloti in minimum medium at stationary phase. There are a total of 96 unique phosphorylated sites, with a Ser/Thr/Tyr distribution of 63:28:5, in 77 proteins. Phosphoproteins identified in S. meliloti showed a wide distribution pattern regarding to functional categories, such as replication, transcription, translation, posttranslational modification, transport and metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrate, inorganic ion, succinoglycan etc. Ser/Thr/Tyr phosphosites identified within the conserved motif in proteins of key cellular function indicate a crucial role of phosphorylation in modulating cellular physiology. Moreover, phosphorylation in proteins involved in processes related to rhizobial adaptation was also discussed, such as those identified in SMa0114 and PhaP2 (polyhydroxybutyrate synthesis), ActR (pH stress and microaerobic adaption), SupA (potassium stress), chaperonin GroEL2 (viability and potentially symbiosis), and ExoP (succinoglycan synthesis and secretion). These Ser/Thr/Tyr phosphosites identified herein would be helpful for our further investigation and understanding of the role of phosphorylation in rhizobial physiology.