Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
To be seen and/or heard: audience design in bimodal bilingual families

ABSTRACT Families with deaf parents and hearing children often demonstrate bimodal bilingualism, using both a signed and a spoken language. This study uses an audience design framework to analyze the home language use of two bimodal bilingual families in the United States. The school-age children in these families appeared to design their utterances for reception by their addressees while using as much speech as possible. All of the children demonstrated fluency in both American Sign Language and spoken English, and parent–child communication was generally easy and clear. The children typically signed to their parents, but the children in one family often included simultaneous speech when addressing the parent with the greatest receptive abilities for speech. They generally used only speech to address their siblings, leaving parents who were present to either request a translation or accept a degree of exclusion. However, in each family, the oldest child sometimes accommodated to the presence of a deaf parent by including signs with his speech to his brothers. Despite the parents’ institution of family language policies meant to encourage the use of sign, the children’s behavior reflected the sociolinguistic dominance of spoken English in the wider society.
B-type natriuretic peptide predicts future cardiac events in patients presenting to the emergency department with dyspnea.

STUDY OBJECTIVE B-Type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a neurohormone secreted from the cardiac ventricles in response to volume expansion and pressure overload. We have recently demonstrated that BNP can differentiate congestive heart failure (CHF) from other causes of dyspnea in patients presenting to the emergency department. In this study, we assess whether BNP levels drawn in patients presenting with dyspnea to the ED were a predictor of future cardiac events. METHODS In 325 patients presenting with dyspnea to the ED, BNP levels were determined. Patients were then followed up for 6 months to determine the following end points: death (cardiac and noncardiac), hospital admissions (cardiac), and repeat ED visits for CHF. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, relative risks (RRs), and Kaplan-Meier plots were used to assess the ability of BNP levels to predict future cardiac events. RESULTS The area under the ROC curve using BNP to detect a CHF end point-a CHF death, hospital admission, or repeat ED visit-was 0.870 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.826 to 0.915). A BNP value of 480 pg/mL had a sensitivity of 68%, specificity of 88%, and an accuracy of 85% for predicting a subsequent CHF end point. The area under the ROC curve using BNP to detect death from CHF was 0.881 (95% CI 0.807 to 0.954) and for any cardiac death was 0.877 (95% CI 0.822 to 0.933). BNP was not associated with death from noncardiac causes. Using Kaplan-Meier plots for all CHF events, rising BNP levels were associated with a progressively worse prognosis. Patients with BNP levels more than 480 pg/mL had a 51% 6-month cumulative probability of a CHF event. Alternatively, patients with BNP levels less than 230 pg/mL had an excellent prognosis with only 2.5% incidence of CHF end points. The RR of 6-month CHF death in patients with BNP levels more than 230 pg/mL was 24.1. The RR of 6-month noncardiac death with BNP levels more than 230 pg/mL was 1.1. BNP levels were also predictive of CHF events in subsets of patients with positive CHF histories and ED diagnoses. CONCLUSION In this study population, BNP levels measured in patients presenting with dyspnea to the ED are highly predictive of cardiac events over the next 6 months.
A Retrospective Comparative Study of Three Data Modelling Techniques in Anticoagulation Therapy

Three types of data modelling technique are applied retrospectively to individual patients' anticoagulation therapy data to predict their future levels of anticoagulation. The results of the different models are compared and discussed relative to each other and previous similar studies. The conclusions of earlier papers, that machine learning could help anticoagulation clinicians achieve better results, are reinforced here using an extensive data set. Continuously-updating neural network models are shown to predict future INR measurements best of the three types of models presented here.
Markets as Economizers of Information: Field Experimental Examination of the 'Hayek Hypothesis'

The work of Friedrich Von Hayek contains several testable predictions about the nature of market processes. Vernon Smith termed the most important one the "Hayek hypothesis:" equilibrium prices and the gains from trade can be achieved in the presence of diffuse, decentralized information, and in the absence of price-taking behavior and centralized market direction. Vernon Smith tested this by surveying data on laboratory experimental markets and found strong support. We repeat this exercise using field experimental market data. Using field experiments allows us to test several other predictions. Generally speaking, we find support for Hayek's theories.
Stacking Signal TSV for Thermal Dissipation in Global Routing for 3-D IC

With no further shrinking of device size, 3-D chip stacking by through-silicon-via (TSV) has been identified as an effective way to achieve better performance in speed and power. However, such solution inevitably encounters challenges in thermal dissipation since stacked dies generate a significant amount of heat per unit volume. We leverage an integrated design methodology of stacked-signal-TSVs to minimize temperature. Based on this structure, a three-stage TSV locating algorithm in global routing is designed. We demonstrate that our results, compared with baseline circuits, have 17% temperature reduction with 3% wiring overhead and no performance loss calculated by 3-D Elmore delay model. Compared with the paper by Cong and Zhang where additional thermal TSVs are inserted, our experimental results have in average 23% less TSVs with the same temperature constraint. Compared with the paper by Pathak and Lim, where movable signal TSVs are relocated to reduce temperature in hotspot regions, our result has 8% more temperature reduction with the same number of signal TSVs.
Non-Essential Role for TLR2 and Its Signaling Adaptor Mal/TIRAP in Preserving Normal Lung Architecture in Mice

Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and MyD88-adaptor like (Mal)/Toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain containing adaptor protein (TIRAP) play a critical role in transducing signals downstream of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family. While genetic ablation of the TLR4/MyD88 signaling axis in mice leads to pulmonary cell death and oxidative stress culminating in emphysema, the involvement of Mal, as well as TLR2 which like TLR4 also signals via MyD88 and Mal, in the pathogenesis of emphysema has not been studied. By employing an in vivo genetic approach, we reveal here that unlike the spontaneous pulmonary emphysema which developed in Tlr4−/− mice by 6 months of age, the lungs of Tlr2−/− mice showed no physiological or morphological signs of emphysema. A more detailed comparative analysis of the lungs from these mice confirmed that elevated oxidative protein carbonylation levels and increased numbers of alveolar cell apoptosis were only detected in Tlr4−/− mice, along with up-regulation of NADPH oxidase 3 (Nox3) mRNA expression. With respect to Mal, the architecture of the lungs of Mal−/− mice was normal. However, despite normal oxidative protein carbonylation levels in the lungs of emphysema-free Mal−/− mice, these mice displayed increased levels of apoptosis comparable to those observed in emphysematous Tlr4−/− mice. In conclusion, our data provide in vivo evidence for the non-essential role for TLR2, unlike the related TLR4, in maintaining the normal architecture of the lung. In addition, we reveal that Mal differentially facilitates the anti-apoptotic, but not oxidant suppressive, activities of TLR4 in the lung, both of which appear to be essential for TLR4 to prevent the onset of emphysema.
Investigation of dominant hydrological processes in a tropical catchment in a monsoonal climate via the downward approach

This study explores the dominant processes that may be responsible for the observed streamflow response in Seventeen Mile Creek, a tropical catchment located in a mon- soonal climate in Northern Territory, Australia. The hydrol- ogy of this vast region of Australia is poorly understood due to the low level of information and gauging that are available. Any insights that can be gained from the few well gauged catchments that do exist can be valuable for predictions and water resource assessments in other poorly gauged or un- gauged catchments in the region. To this end, the available rainfall and runoff data from Seventeen Mile Creek catch- ment are analyzed through the systematic and progressive de- velopment and testing of rainfall-runoff models of increasing complexity, by following the "downward" or "top-down" ap- proach. This procedure resulted in a multiple bucket model (4 buckets in parallel). Modelling results suggest that the catchment's soils and the landscape in general have a high storage capacity, generating a significant fraction of delayed runoff, whereas saturation excess overland flow occurs only after heavy rainfall events. The sensitivity analyses carried out with the model with regard to soil depth and temporal rainfall variability revealed that total runoff from the catch- ment is more sensitive to rainfall variations than to soil depth variations, whereas the partitioning into individual compo- nents of runoff appears to be more influenced by soil depth variations. The catchment exhibits considerable inter-annual variability in runoff volumes and the greatest determinant of this variability turns out to be the seasonality of the climate, the timing of the wet season, and temporal patterns of the rainfall. The water balance is also affected by the underly- ing geology, nature of the soils and the landforms, and the type, density and dynamics of vegetation, although informa- tion pertaining to these is lacking. Correspondence to:L. Montanari
Indonesian adolescents’ EFL reading comprehension: Gender differences and the influence of parental background

This article presents findings on gender differences and the influence of family background on students’ EFL reading comprehension in Indonesia. A total of 265 students (48.3% female, average age 13.6 years) from grades 7 to 8 in four schools anonymously completed an EFL reading comprehension test. In contrast to prior findings showing girls’ advantage of first language literacy, this study found no gender differences in EFL reading comprehension. In line with prior studies on the effect of socioeconomic status on student achievements, parents’ level of education influenced students’ EFL reading comprehension. For boys, the effect of mother’s education occurred through the provision of literacy resources. For girls, by contrast, the effect occurred through mother’s involvement in their daughters’ reading activities, which in turn encouraged reading engagement and comprehension. These findings underscore the importance of gender-appropriate strategies to facilitate adolescents’ EFL reading engagement and comprehension.
Video and inertial sensors based estimation of kinematical parameters in swimming sport

The purpose of this study was to investigate if tracking of kinematical parameters (longitudinal acceleration, velocity and pitch angle) in swimming sport is feasible using data acquired with inertial sensors: accelerometer and gyroscope. Video data analysis combined “video + inertial sensor” and “inertial sensors only” methods are presented for estimation of kinematical parameters. The equation for estimation of longitudinal acceleration from inertial sensors data is derived and complementary filter for estimation of pitch angle variation is proposed. The inertial sensor based kinematical parameters are compared with video data analysis and electromagnetic tracking system derived parameters.
MOS-like electroluminescent devices using silicon-rich oxide obtained by LPCVD

Silicon Rich Oxide (SRO) is a multiphase material composed by SiO2, Si and SiOx. (0<X<2) SRO characteristics include the photo and cathode emission of visible light. Lastly, big efforts have been devoted to obtain a controllable emission using electroluminescence, but keeping its compatibility with silicon IC's fabrication technology. In this paper, electroluminescent properties of PolySi/SRO/Si structures were studied. Devices with two different Si excesses were characterized. A full area wideband emission is found on devices with the highest Si excess, the principal emitting bands are centered at 475 and 670 nm. The EL intensity of these bands is modulated by the applied electric field. Different emission colors were observed with the naked eye. The 670 band present in devices with the highest Si excess is not found in those with the lowest Si excess. A discussion on the probable mechanism of emission is presented.
Adorned in Dreams: Fashion and Modernity

When Adorned in Dreams was first published in 1985, Angela Carter described the book as "the best I have read on the subject, bar none. " From haute couture to haberdashery, "deviant" dress to Dior, Elizabeth Wilson traces the social and cultural history of fashion and its complex relationship to modernity. She also discusses fashion's vociferous opponents, from the "dress reform" movement to certain strands of feminism. Wilson delights in the power of fashion to mark out identity or subvert it. This brand new edition of her book follows recent developments to bring the story of fashionable dress up to date, exploring the grunge look inspired by bands like Nirvana, the "boho chic" of the mid '90s, retro-dressing, and the meanings of dress from the veil to soccer player David Beckham's pink-varnished toenails.
On selfish and altruistic coalition formation in cognitive radio networks

We formulate the sensing-throughput tradeoff problem for distributed cognitive radio (CR) networks as a coalition formation game. Formation of coalitions enables the CRs to increase their achievable throughput, under the detection probability constraint, while also taking into account the overhead in sensing reports combining. In the proposed game, CRs form coalitions either to increase their individual gains (selfish coalition formation) or to maximize the overall gains of the group (altruistic coalition formation). We find that the altruistic coalition formation solution yields significant gains in terms of reduced average false alarm probability and increased average throughput per CR as compared to the selfish and non-cooperative solutions. Given a target detection probability for a coalition, we also propose an SNR dependent target detection probability for individual CRs in a coalition and analyze its impact on the average throughput per CR. Finally, we also analyze the impact of the cost of distributed cooperative sensing on the cooperative strategies of CRs.
Complementary Learning Systems 1 Why there are Complementary Learning Systems in the Hippocampus and Neocortex : Insights from the Successes and Failures of Connectionist Models of Learning and Memory

Damage to the hippocampal system disrupts recent memory but leaves remote memory intact. Our account of this suggests that memories are first stored via synaptic changes in the hippocampal system; that these changes support reinstatement of recent memories in the neocortex; that neocortical synapses change a little on each reinstatement; and that remote memory is based on accumulated neocortical changes. Models that learn via adaptive changes to connections help explain this organization. These models discover the structure in ensembles of items if learning of each item is gradual and interleaved with learning about other items. This suggests that neocortex learns slowly to discover the structure in ensembles of experiences. The hippocampal system permits rapid learning of new items without disrupting this structure, and reinstatement of new memories interleaves them with others to integrate them into structured neocortical memory systems. Psychological Review, in press
Hearing impairments hidden in normal listeners

Early and accurate diagnosis of sensory deficits is a public health concern with major scientific and financial implications. Several fundamental requirements conspire to make this goal a difficult one to achieve; among them is the necessity for well-designed quick tests that can pinpoint the nature of the deficits. Another is the need for a deep understanding of the functional organization of the sensory system and the cues mediating perception.
Jin Fu Kang Oral Liquid Inhibits Lymphatic Endothelial Cells Formation and Migration

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Jin Fu Kang (JFK), an oral liquid prescription of Chinese herbal drugs, has been clinically available for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lymphangiogenesis is a primary event in the process of cancer development and metastasis, and the formation and migration of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) play a key role in the lymphangiogenesis. To assess the activity of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and the coeffect of SDF-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) on the formation and migration of LECs and clarify the inhibitory effects of JFK on the LECs, the LECs were differentiated from CD34+/VEGFR-3+ endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and JFK-containing serums were prepared from rats. SDF-1 and VEGF-C both induced the differentiation of CD34+/VEGFR-3+ EPCs towards LECs and enhanced the LECs migration. Couse of SDF-1 and VEGF-C displayed an additive effect on the LECs formation but not on their migration. JFK inhibited the formation and migration of LECs, and the inhibitory effects were most probably via regulation of the SDF-1/CXCR4 and VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 axes. The current finding suggested that JFK might inhibit NSCLC through antilymphangiogenesis and also provided a potential to discover antilymphangiogenesis agents from natural resources.
The Many Faces of Honda

There is something special about the Honda Motor Company. Like General Motors, IBM, and General Electric, this company has joined the elite club of firms that are used, or have been used, as exemplars of successful business strategy. General Motors' system of decentralized implementation of a centrally directed coherent product policy (1921-1980) was carefully studied by several generations of business-school students. IBM's commitment to a common operating system for all its computing platforms and its apparent ability to control the evolving hardware/software standards for the industry was source material for thousands of lectures on effective competitive strategy (1960-1984). And General Electric (19651980) was the central source for the "strategic management" concepts central to the planning style of the early 1980s-the PIMS-based relationship between market share and return, the use of a two-dimensional grid for allotting cash-flow and growth goals to business units, and the full delegation of strategy-making to relatively low-level "strategic business units. "
Hole Boundary Detection of a Surface of 3D Point Clouds

Processing surfaces with data coming from an automatic acquisition technique always generates the problem of unorganized 3D point sets or presence of geometric deficiencies (i.e. in some regions of the surface, the obtained data points are sparse or without containing any points). It leads to what we call "holes", and a mandatory surface reconstruction process. Applying the process to the whole set of 3D points in order to explore and detect all these holes that can be served to process in a further step. In this paper, we propose a method to detect the hole-boundary on a surface of 3D point clouds structured in a 3D volume. The method consists of two steps. In the first step, we extract the exterior boundary of the surface based on the neighborhood relationship between the 3D points and our particular definition of these points. In the second step, we detect the hole boundary by using a growth function on the interior boundary of the surface. Our method could process very fast and extract exactly the boundary of all holes on the surface.
Conversion to Armour Thyroid from Levothyroxine Improved Patient Satisfaction in the Treatment of Hypothyroidism

The use of Armour Thyroid (desiccated thyroid) in the treatment of hypothyroidism has generated debate among endocrinologists although there is evidence that a significant percentage of patients prefer this medication to T4-only replacement strategies. In this retrospective analysis we investigate the preference for replacement therapy of patients with persistent subjective symptoms of hypothyroidism on T4-only treatment who subsequently switched to Armour Thyroid (AT). Methods: 450 consecutive patients being treated for hypothyroidism were screened. Of these, 154 had been switched from either generic or brand T4 replacement to AT for treatment of persistent symptoms of hypothyroidism. Patients undergoing treatment for thyroid cancer or on suppression therapy for nodular thyroid disease were excluded. Patients were instructed to have their blood sampled for thyroid function testing in the morning after taking their medication. After a minimum of 4 weeks on medication patients were asked to compare AT treatment versus T4-only treatment using a 5 point satisfaction rating scale. Results are reported as mean ± SD. Results: On a 5 point Satisfaction Rating Scale with “5” indicative of the highest level of satisfaction, 117 (78.0%) patients gave a score of greater than “3” in preference for AT. Three patients treated with AT and one treated with LT4 reported adverse events, all minor. TSH was 1.30 ± 1.9 mIU/L and T3 1.81 ± 0.78 pmol/L on L-T4 monotherapy while TSH was 1.27 ± 2.2 mIU/L and T3 2.31 ± 1.33 pmol/L on AT (NS for TSH and p<0.003 for T3 ). T4 to T3 ratio on L-T4 monotherapy was 8.45 ± 3.7 while it was 4.70 ± 2.0 (p<0.001) on AT. There was no significant change in weight after switching to AT. Conclusion: AT treatment was preferred over LT4 replacement therapy by 78% of patients with hypothyroidism in the sub-group with persistent subjective complaints while on T4-only therapy. No serious adverse events were noted while on AT treatment including 30 subjects aged 65 yrs or older. AT could be a reasonable alternative choice for treating this sub-group of patients with hypothyroidism.