Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In vitro evaluation of the marginal and internal discrepancies of different esthetic restorations

Objective This study examined the fit of two types of all-ceramic single crowns and indirect composite resin full coverage crowns. Material and Methods Thirty intact human mandibular first premolars were selected for this study and prepared using a machine to standardize the dimensions and randomly divided into 3 groups. Slip cast (IC) (In-Ceram Zirconia, Vita Zahnfabrik), copy-milled zirconia (CM) (ICE, Zirkonzahn) and indirect composite resin crowns (NECO, HeraeusKulzer, Hanau, Germany), (N=30, 10 per group) were fabricated according to each manufacturer's recommendations. Before cementation, discrepancies were measured at the marginal zone in each crown. Crowns were then cemented with G-Cem capsule self-adhesive luting cement (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Four positions were marked for each zone (mid-facial, mid-mesial, mid-distal, and mid-lingual) and three measurements were made at each of the four positions yielding to a total of 12 measurements per crown before and after cementation. The measurements were performed at a different magnification using a stereo microscope (SZ11, Olympus, Japan). Marginal, axial and occlusal zone discrepancies (µm) were evaluated after cementation. The data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. Results Before cementation, significantly less marginal discrepancies were noted compared with after cementation in all groups (p<0.05). No significant differences were found within each zone (Marginal= IC: 84.2, NECO: 95.22, CM: 84.22; Axial= IC: 54.22, NECO: 64.2, CM: 55.22; Occlusal= IC: 119.97, NECO: 129.18, CM: 121.15) in the three crown systems (p>0.05). Occlusal zone discrepancies were significantly higher than those of the marginal and axial zones in all groups (p<0.05). Conclusions Slip cast and copy-milled zirconia crowns showed comparable fit to composite resin crowns in all marginal, axial and occlusal areas.
Prognostic microRNAs in high-grade glioma reveal a link to oligodendrocyte precursor differentiation

MicroRNA expression can be exploited to define tumor prognosis and stratification for precision medicine. It remains unclear whether prognostic microRNA signatures are exclusively tumor grade and/or molecular subtype-specific, or whether common signatures of aggressive clinical behavior can be identified. Here, we defined microRNAs that are associated with good and poor prognosis in grade III and IV gliomas using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Pathway analysis of microRNA targets that are differentially expressed in good and poor prognosis glioma identified a link to oligodendrocyte development. Notably, a microRNA expression profile that is characteristic of a specific oligodendrocyte precursor cell type (OP1) correlates with microRNA expression from 597 of these tumors and is consistently associated with poor patient outcome in grade III and IV gliomas. Our study reveals grade-independent and subtype-independent prognostic molecular signatures in high-grade glioma and provides a framework for investigating the mechanisms of brain tumor aggressiveness.
Fluid and electrolyte balance in elite male football (soccer) players training in a cool environment

There are few data in the published literature on sweat loss and drinking behaviour in athletes training in a cool environment. Sweat loss and fluid intake were measured in 17 first-team members of an elite soccer team training for 90 min in a cool (5°C, 81% relative humidity) environment. Sweat loss was assessed from the change in body mass after correction for the volume of fluid consumed. Sweat electrolyte content was measured from absorbent patches applied at four skin sites. Mean ( ± s) sweat loss during training was 1.69 ± 0.45 l (range 1.06 - 2.65 l). Mean fluid intake during training was 423 ± 215 ml (44 - 951 ml). There was no apparent relationship between the amount of sweat lost and the volume of fluid consumed during training (r 2 = 0.013, P = 0.665). Mean sweat sodium concentration was 42.5 ± 13.0 mmol · l−1 and mean sweat potassium concentration was 4.2 ± 1.0 mmol · l−1. Total salt (NaCl) loss during training was 4.3 ± 1.8 g. The sweat loss data are similar to those recorded in elite players undergoing a similar training session in warm environments, but the volume of fluid ingested is less.
T-lymphocyte-enriched murine peritoneal exudate cells. II. Genetic control of antigen-induced T-lymphocyte proliferation

The recent introduction of a reliable, T-lymphocyte proliferation assay, which utilizes thioglycollate-induced, nylon wool column-passed, peritoneal exudate lymphocytes from immune mice (PETLES), allowed us to investigate the genetic control of murine immune responses at the T- lymphocyte level. Examination of the blast cells generated in this population 5 days after stimulation with antigen, revealed that 85% of the cells bore the Thy 1 antigen on their surface, whereas only 5% bore immunoglobulin. Thus, the assay can be considered to measure almost exclusively T-lymphocyte function. This assay was used to examine the T- lymphocyte proliferative responses to seven different antigens: poly(Glu60Ala30Tyr10), poly(Glu58Lys38Tyr4), poly-(Tyr,Glu)-poly-D,L- Ala--poly-Lys, poly-(Phe,Glu)-poly-D,L-Ala--poly-Lys, staphylococcal nuclease, lactate dehydrogenase H4, and the BALB/c IgA myeloma protein, TEPC-15. PETLES from a large number of different inbred mouse strains, including H-2 congenic resistant lines and H-2 recombinants, were studied. The strains could be classified as high responders, low responders, or nonresponders to a particular antigen as judged by the magnitude of the T-lymphocyte proliferative response. In every case but one this classification corresponded to the responder status given the strain based on its ability to mount an in vivo antibody response to the same antigen. For two of the antigens, poly-(Tyr,Glu)-poly-D,L-Ala-- poly-Lys and TEPC-15, the immune response genes controlling the T- lymphocyte proliferative response were mapped to the K region or I-A subregion of the major histocompatibility complex, as had previously been shown for the control of the antibody responses to these antigens. This tight linkage of the two phenotypic responses very strongly suggests that the same immune response gene controls the expression of both the proliferative and antibody responses. Since there is essentially no contribution from B lymphocytes in the T-lymphocyte proliferation assay, it seems reasonable to conclude that none of the seven immune response genes studied are expressed solely in B lymphocytes.
Decision-making and control: perceived autonomy of teachers in Germany and Sweden

ABSTRACT Teacher autonomy has become an increasingly popular research topic over the past decade, reflecting wider national and global education trends. In this light, this article investigates and compares the perceptions of German and Swedish teachers concerning their professional autonomy. We analyse teachers’ perceptions using a grid, and view teacher autonomy as a multidimensional phenomenon taking place in different domains (educational, social, developmental and administrative) and at different levels (classroom, school, profession). The findings show that the teachers interviewed in Germany and Sweden value autonomy in various domains and dimensions differently, even if there also are many similarities. In instruction, that is, the educational autonomy domain, they perceive themselves to be very autonomous, in particular in relation to choices of content and method. Autonomous work in the classroom arena is also seen as the very core of the teaching profession. Overall, German teachers perceive themselves to be significantly involved in more areas of their work, and they refer much more to decisions which are to be made, whereas their Swedish colleagues are more concerned about control. Finally, we discuss the findings in relation to different nation-specific forms of extended or restricted autonomy teacher autonomy.
Comparison of HFNC, bubble CPAP and SiPAP on aerosol delivery in neonates: An in‐vitro study

Aerosol drug delivery via high flow nasal cannula (HFNC), bubble continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and synchronized inspiratory positive airway pressure (SiPAP) has not been quantified in spontaneously breathing premature infants. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare aerosol delivery via HFNC, bubble CPAP, and SiPAP in a model of a simulated spontaneously breathing preterm infant. Working hypothesis: The types of CPAP systems and nebulizer positions used during aerosol therapy will impact aerosol deposition in simulated spontaneously breathing infants. Study design: Quantitative, comparative, in‐vitro study. Methodology: A breath simulator was set to preterm infant settings (VT: 9 ml, RR: 50 bpm and Ti: 0.5 sec) and connected to the trachea of an anatomical upper airway model of a preterm infant via collecting filter distal to the trachea. The HFNC (Optiflow; Fisher & Paykel), Bubble CPAP (Fisher & Paykel), and SiPAP (Carefusion) were attached to the nares of the model via each device's proprietary nasal cannula and set to deliver a baseline of 5 cm H2O pressure. Albuterol sulfate (2.5 mg/0.5 ml) was aerosolized with a mesh nebulizer (Aeroneb Solo) positioned1 proximal to the patient and2 prior to the humidifier (n = 5). The drug was eluted from the filter with 0.1 N HCl and analyzed via spectrophotometry (276 nm). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t‐tests, and one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with P < 0.05 significant. Results: At position 1, the trend of lower deposition (mean ± SD%) across devices was not significant (0.90 ± 0.26, 0.70 ± 0.16 and 0.59 ± 0.19, respectively; P = 0.098); however, in position 2, drug delivery with SiPAP (0.79 ± 0.11) was lower compared to both HFNC (1.30 ± 0.17; P = 0.003) and bubble CPAP (1.24 ± 0.24; p = 0.008). Placement of the nebulizer prior to the humidifier increased deposition with all devices (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Aerosol can be delivered via all three devices used in this study. Device selection and nebulizer position impacted aerosol delivery in this simulated model of a spontaneously breathing preterm infant. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:1099–1106. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gambaran Risiko Gangguan Jiwa pada Korban Bencana Alam Gempa di Lombok Nusa Tenggara Barat

Background: Earthquake is known as a disaster causing considerable health problems requiring immediate post trauma rehabilitation. Prominent health problem emerging after a disaster is psychiatric and mental health problem.Purpose: The study aimed to identify mental health risk and other significant problems growing among the victim’s post-earthquake in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.Method: Mix method approach, which was used throughout the study, is a strategy to obtain the data from the disaster victims of 88 people in Lombok. This study collected the data using Psychiatric and Mental Health Disorder Detection Questionnaire and symptom documentation form after practicing Mindfulness Spiritual. Results: The result showed that victims experienced neurosis symptom (85,2%), psychotic symptom (25,9%), PTSD symptom (64,7%) and 13 people did not experience mental health disorder risk. The qualitative study result showed that the earthquake victims grievance was afraid and feeling anxiety to enter the house due to earthquake incident, family relationship and economy problems, ghost issue and numerous diseases.Conclusion: Earthquake lead to psychiatric and mental health disorder and problems including mental health, economy, spiritual and physic aspects among people in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. It is essential for the future research to conduct a research about the description of mental health disorder after practicing mindfulness spiritual and planning the intervention that had been agreed by the respondent.
Low-Cost Surface Micromachined Pirani Pressure Sensor with Atmospheric Pressure Range

An innovative Pirani pressure sensor with atmospheric pressure operating range has been fabricated. The sensor's heated element is a polysilicon resistor, which is separated from the substrate (the heatsink) by an equivalent nanometer size gap. By taking advantage of the surface roughness of the polysilicon heater and a simple process, an inexpensive nanometer size gap is formed between the heater and the heatsink, which significantly increases the upper sensing limit of the sensor. Our sensor showed good sensitivity to pressure up to 700 kPa, and has been fabricated with a simple 3-mask, Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) compatible process.
The Effects of Formative Assessment on Academic Achievement, Attitudes toward the Lesson, and Self-Regulation Skills *

The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of formative assessment practices on students’ academic achievement, attitudes toward lessons, and self-regulation skills in the fifth-grade social studies class. Mixed method research was used to conduct the study. The research group consisted of 45 students in the fifth grade of a secondary school in Erzurum in the academic year 2014–2015, and a teacher who performed the practices. Experimental procedures were carried out for 28 weeks. Social studies performance tests, attitude inventories for social studies classes, self-regulatory learning skills scales, semi-structured interview forms, and observation forms were all used as data collection instruments. As a result of the research, it was determined that the experimental group in which the formative assessment practices were performed had a significantly higher academic achievement levels and better attitudes toward the class than the students did in the control group. With regard to the students’ self-regulation skills, although the formative assessment had a positive effect, no significant difference was found between the experimental and control groups. According to the researcher’s observations and the interviews conducted with the teacher and students, it was determined that the general view on the application of formative assessment was notably positive.
Activation Switch in the Transmembrane Domain of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), members of family 3 G protein-coupled receptors, play pivotal roles in the modulation of synaptic transmission and are important drug targets for various neurological diseases. The structures of the extracellular ligand-binding domain (ECD) of mGluRs and its changes upon ligand binding have been well studied by various techniques, including X-ray crystallography. In contrast, little is known about the structure and structural changes of the seven-transmembrane domain (TMD). Here we searched for constitutively active mutation (CAM) sites in the TMD of mGluR8 to get insight into the epicenter of the structural changes in TMD, a potential target for allosteric ligands. Mutational analyses based on the knowledge of activating mutations of calcium-sensing receptor showed the presence of several CAM sites in the TMD of mGluR8. Among them, the site at position 764 in helix V, where threonine is present, is unique in that any substitution resulted in elevation of the basal activity, and some substitutions caused a loss of responsiveness to agonist. Further comprehensive mutational analyses indicated that the additional mutation of the CAM site at position 663 in helix III, where a tyrosine residue is present, generated a revertant phenotype. Mutations at these sites also increased the agonist binding affinity, although these sites are far from the ECD. These results indicated that the specific pair of amino acids at these CAM sites forms an activation switch that stabilizes the inactive state of mGluR8 and mediates the signal flow from the ECD to the cytoplasmic G protein-interacting site.
Executive Function, Visual Attention and the Cocktail Party Problem in Musicians and Non-Musicians

The goal of this study was to investigate how cognitive factors influence performance in a multi-talker, “cocktail-party” like environment in musicians and non-musicians. This was achieved by relating performance in a spatial hearing task to cognitive processing abilities assessed using measures of executive function (EF) and visual attention in musicians and non-musicians. For the spatial hearing task, a speech target was presented simultaneously with two intelligible speech maskers that were either colocated with the target (0° azimuth) or were symmetrically separated from the target in azimuth (at ±15°). EF assessment included measures of cognitive flexibility, inhibition control and auditory working memory. Selective attention was assessed in the visual domain using a multiple object tracking task (MOT). For the MOT task, the observers were required to track target dots (n = 1,2,3,4,5) in the presence of interfering distractor dots. Musicians performed significantly better than non-musicians in the spatial hearing task. For the EF measures, musicians showed better performance on measures of auditory working memory compared to non-musicians. Furthermore, across all individuals, a significant correlation was observed between performance on the spatial hearing task and measures of auditory working memory. This result suggests that individual differences in performance in a cocktail party-like environment may depend in part on cognitive factors such as auditory working memory. Performance in the MOT task did not differ between groups. However, across all individuals, a significant correlation was found between performance in the MOT and spatial hearing tasks. A stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that musicianship and performance on the MOT task significantly predicted performance on the spatial hearing task. Overall, these findings confirm the relationship between musicianship and cognitive factors including domain-general selective attention and working memory in solving the “cocktail party problem”.
Substrate and Trigger Ablation for Reduction of Atrial Fibrillation (STAR AF): a randomized, multicentre, international trial†

Aims This multicentre, randomized trial compared three strategies of AF ablation: ablation of complex fractionated electrograms (CFE) alone, pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) alone, and combined PVI + CFE ablation, using standardized automated mapping software. Methods and results Patients with drug-refractory, high-burden paroxysmal (episodes >6 h, >4 in 6 months) or persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) were enrolled at eight centres. Patients (n = 100) were randomized to one of three arms. For CFE alone (n = 34), spontaneous/induced AF was mapped using validated, automated CFE software and all sites <120 ms were ablated until AF termination/non-inducibility. For PVI (n = 32), all four PV antra were isolated and confirmed using a circular catheter. For PVI + CFE (n = 34), all four PV antra were isolated, followed by AF induction and ablation of all CFE sites until AF termination/non-inducibility. Patients were followed at 3, 6, and 12 months with a visit, ECG, 48 h Holter. Atrial fibrillation symptoms were confirmed by loop recording. Repeat procedures were allowed within the first 6 months. The primary endpoint was freedom from AF >30 s at 1 year. Patients (age 57 ± 10 years, LA size 42 ± 6 mm) were 35% persistent AF. In CFE, ablation terminated AF in 68%. Only 0.4 PVs per patient were isolated as a result of CFE. In PVI, 94% had all four PVs successfully isolated. In PVI + CFE, 94% had all four PVs isolated, 76% had inducible AF with additional CFE ablation, with 73% termination of AF. There were significantly more repeat procedures in the CFE arm (47%) vs. PVI (31%) or PVI + CFE (15%) (P = 0.01). After one procedure, PVI + CFE had a significantly higher freedom from AF (74%) compared with PVI (48%) and CFE (29%) (P = 0.004). After two procedures, PVI + CFE still had the highest success (88%) compared with PVI (68%) and CFE (38%) (P = 0.001). Ninety-six percent of these patients were off anti-arrhythmics. Complications were two tamponades, no PV stenosis, and no mortality. Conclusion In high-burden paroxysmal/persistent AF, PVI + CFE has the highest freedom from AF vs. PVI or CFE alone after one or two procedures. Complex fractionated electrogram alone has the lowest one and two procedure success rates with a higher incidence of repeat procedures. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier number NCT00367757.
Efficient “Communication through Coherence” Requires Oscillations Structured to Minimize Interference between Signals

The ‘communication through coherence’ (CTC) hypothesis proposes that selective communication among neural networks is achieved by coherence between firing rate oscillation in a sending region and gain modulation in a receiving region. Although this hypothesis has stimulated extensive work, it remains unclear whether the mechanism can in principle allow reliable and selective information transfer. Here we use a simple mathematical model to investigate how accurately coherent gain modulation can filter a population-coded target signal from task-irrelevant distracting inputs. We show that selective communication can indeed be achieved, although the structure of oscillatory activity in the target and distracting networks must satisfy certain previously unrecognized constraints. Firstly, the target input must be differentiated from distractors by the amplitude, phase or frequency of its oscillatory modulation. When distracting inputs oscillate incoherently in the same frequency band as the target, communication accuracy is severely degraded because of varying overlap between the firing rate oscillations of distracting inputs and the gain modulation in the receiving region. Secondly, the oscillatory modulation of the target input must be strong in order to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio relative to stochastic spiking of individual neurons. Thus, whilst providing a quantitative demonstration of the power of coherent oscillatory gain modulation to flexibly control information flow, our results identify constraints imposed by the need to avoid interference between signals, and reveal a likely organizing principle for the structure of neural oscillations in the brain.
Significant Low Prevalence of Antibodies Reacting with Simian Virus 40 Mimotopes in Serum Samples from Patients Affected by Inflammatory Neurologic Diseases, Including Multiple Sclerosis

Many investigations were carried out on the association between viruses and multiple sclerosis (MS). Indeed, early studies reported the detections of neurotropic virus footprints in the CNS of patients with MS. In this study, sera from patients affected by MS, other inflammatory (OIND) and non-inflammatory neurologic diseases (NIND) were analyzed for antibodies against the polyomavirus, Simian Virus 40 (SV40). An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with two synthetic peptides, which mimic SV40 antigens, was employed to detect specific antibodies in sera from patients affected by MS, OIND, NIND and healthy subjects (HS). Immunologic data indicate that in sera from MS patients antibodies against SV40 mimotopes are detectable with a low prevalence, 6%, whereas in HS of the same mean age, 40 yrs, the prevalence was 22%. The difference is statistically significant (P = 0.001). Significant is also the difference between MS vs. NIND patients (6% vs. 17%; P = 0.0254), whereas no significant difference was detected between MS vs OIND (6% vs 10%; P>0.05). The prevalence of SV40 antibodies in MS patients is 70% lower than that revealed in HS.