Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
False beliefs and naive beliefs: They can be good for you

Abstract Naive physics beliefs can be systematically mistaken. They provide a useful test-bed because they are common, and also because their existence must rely on some adaptive advantage, within a given context. In the second part of the commentary we also ask questions about when a whole family of misbeliefs should be considered together as a single phenomenon.
Indirect leadership under severe stress: a qualitative inquiry into the 2004 Kosovo riots

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to develop a theoretical understanding of indirect leadership in a severely stressful peacekeeping context, focusing on the perspective of subordinates. Peacekeeping missions in recent decades have led to increased exposure to acute danger.Design/methodology/approach – Retrospective in-depth interviews were carried out with 17 Norwegian officers and soldiers, who were involved in the handling of a violent riot in Kosovo during a peacekeeping mission. The interviews were analyzed using a grounded theory approach.Findings – A model emerged with three categories: Situational Characteristics, Organizational Characteristics, and the Commander's Intent. A related core category was labelled Subordinates' Appraisal or Sensemaking. During the climax of the riot, a strict following of the ordinary chain of command was impractical. Local initiatives at lower organizational levels were needed, but these, in turn, required competence and a trustful organizational environment.Research limitations/implications – Not representative of the entire population. Given the male-dominated military context under consideration, there could be no meaningful analysis of possible gender-related differences. The results related to a general model of indirect leadership and specific stress. Organizational theory-related additions and limitations are suggested.Practical implications – The proposed model may be a practical tool for management education.Originality/value – The study's identification of key aspects of indirect leadership in severely stressful contexts is a useful addition to the literature.
THE INFLUENCE OF PATERNAL SOCIAL CLASS ON INTELLIGENCE AND EDUCATIONAL LEVEL IN MALE ADOPTEES AND NON-ADOPTEES

Summary. Intelligence test scores and educational level of 241 18–26 year-old male adoptees correlate with the social class of both their biological fathers (r = 0.218, P < 0.01; and r = 0.173, P < 0.05) and their adoptive fathers (r = 0.216, P < 0.01; and r = 0.359, P < 0.001). The correlation between the biological father's social class and the adoptee's educational level may be largely mediated by the inheritance of characteristics more directly measured by the intelligence test. Conversely, the correlation between the adoptive father's social class and the adoptee's intelligence test score may be largely mediated by familial environmental influences on educational level. The multiple correlations of both biological and adoptive fathers' social classes with the adoptees' intelligence test scores (R = 0.292, P < 0.001) and with adoptees' educational level (R = 0.384, P < 0.001) do not differ significantly (z < 0.6, NS) from the simple correlations of fathers' social class with sons' intelligence test scores and educational level in a non-adoptive control sample of 4,020 father-son pairs (r = 0.320, P < 0.001; and r = 0.417, P < 0.001). This suggests that familial influences on intelligence test scores and educational level may be adequately accounted for by an additive model including both genetic and familial environmental components.
Prospective characterization of neural stem cells by flow cytometry analysis using a combination of surface markers

Neural stem cells (NSCs) with self‐renewal and multilineage differentiation properties can potentially repair degenerating or damaged neural tissue. Here, we have enriched NSCs from neurospheres, which make up a heterogeneous population, by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) with antibodies against syndecan‐1, Notch‐1, and integrin‐β1, which were chosen as candidates for hematopoietic cell—or somatic stem cell—markers. Antigen‐positive cells readily initiated neurosphere formation, but cells lacking these markers did so less readily. Doubly positive cells expressing both syndecan‐1 and Notch‐1 underwent neurosphere formation more efficiently than did singly positive cells. The progeny of sorted cells could differentiate into neurons and glial cells both in vitro and in vivo. These antibodies were also useful for isolating cells from the murine embryonic day 14.5 brain that efficiently formed neurospheres. In contrast, there was no distinct difference in neurosphere formation efficiency between Hoechst 33342‐stained side population cells and main population cells, although the former are known to have a stem cell phenotype in various tissues. These results indicate the usefulness of syndecan‐1, Notch‐1, and integrin‐β1 as NSC markers. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Online Algorithms for Basestation Allocation

Design of online algorithms for assigning mobile users to basestations is considered with the objective of maximizing the sum-rate, when all users associated to any one basestation equally share each basestation's resources. Each user on its arrival reveals the rates it can obtain if connected to each of the basestations, and the problem is to assign each user to any one basestation irrevocably and without delay so that the sum-rate is maximized at the end of all user arrivals. In online algorithms, at each user arrival, the rates of future users are assumed to be unknown, and no assumptions are made about their statistics. Online algorithms with constant factor loss in comparison to offline algorithms (that know both the user arrival and user rates profile in advance) are derived. The proposed online algorithms are motivated from the famous online k-secretary problem and online maximum weight matching problem.
Interrogative suggestibility: The role of interviewer behaviour

Purpose. Interrogative suggestibility may vary as a function of interviewer behaviour. The present study assessed the e Vect of two interviewer styles on measures of interrogative suggestibility obtained using the e rst of the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scales (GSS1). It was hypothesized that a generally abrupt demeanour adopted by the interviewer would produce greater psychological distance, and therefore higher GSS1 scores, than a friendly demeanour. Methods. The study had a single factor between participants design. Participants were tested on the GSS1 by an interviewer whose behaviour was either ‘ friendly’ or ‘ abrupt’ . One female experimenter conducted all of the interviews. Fifty-e ve participants took part in the study. Most participants were e rst year undergraduate psychology students. Others were university administrative sta V. Results. Two of the GSS1 measures appeared to be biased signie cantly by interviewer style. Participants tested in the ‘ abrupt’ condition gained higher scores for Shift and Total Suggestibility than those in the ‘ friendly’ condition. Conclusions. These results are consistent with the view that the GSS1 provides measures of two di Verent types of suggestibility. However, this e nding may also mean that whilst initial responses to leading questions are mediated by more stable cognitive factors that are relatively una Vected by interviewer demeanour, post-feedback scores may be more sensitive to the social aspects of suggestibility. Implications of the results for the objectivity and administration of the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scales are discussed.
"Blood Relatives" or Uneasy Neighbors? Kinh Migrant and Ethnic Minority Interactions in the Trường Sơn Mountains

At the beginning of the twentieth century, Vietnam was largely divided between lowland-dwelling Vietnamese [Kinh] and a variety of ethnic groups living in the highlands. Yet by the close of the century, these ethnic minorities were far outnumbered by Kinh in most upland areas, thanks to extensive migration programs. This article looks at Kinh migrant and ethnic minority relations in the Annamite [Trường Sơn] uplands, with a focus on social, cultural, environmental, and economic interactions between migrants and local indigenous peoples.
The Role of the Community College in Baccalaureate Attainment at a Private Liberal Arts College

Degree audits on 1,188 graduates of a private liberal arts college revealed that 49% had earned credit hours toward completing the baccalaureate at a community college. After defining the different roles that community colleges play in baccalaureate attainment (traditional, occasional needs, returning, traditional/continuing needs, other), the author presents data on the 577 graduates in this study who used a community college by roles defined and number of credit hours completed. The findings support the contention that aggregate data mask institutional variations on community college contributions to baccalaureate education.
Frontal lobe hypoperfusion and depressive symptoms in Alzheimer disease.

BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms of varying severity are prevalent in up to 63% of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients and often result in greater cognitive decline and increased caregiver burden. The current study aimed to determine the neural correlates of depressive symptoms in a sample of AD patients. METHODS Using the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, we assessed 56 patients who met criteria for probable AD. Data obtained from Technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were analyzed with the use of a magnetic resonance imaging-derived region of interest (ROI) anatomic template before and after atrophy correction and statistical parametric mapping (SPM). The following 4 frontal ROIs were investigated bilaterally: middle frontal gyrus (Brodmann's area [BA] 46), orbitofrontal cortex (BA 11), superior prefrontal (BA 8/9) and anterior cingulate (BA 24/25/32/33). RESULTS Depressive symptoms were present in 27 of the AD patients (48%). Patients with depressive symptoms showed less perfusion in the right superior and bilateral middle frontal gyri (p < 0.005), left superior frontal (p < 0.05) and anterior cingulate gyri (p < 0.005) before atrophy correction. SPM analyses revealed significantly lower perfusion in bilateral dorsolateral and superior prefrontal cortex of patients with depressive symptoms (right, p < 0.005; left, p < 0.05). SPECT ROI analyses with atrophy correction revealed trends similar to data without atrophy correction but did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION In this study, depressive symptoms in AD patients were associated with relative hypoperfusion in the prefrontal cortex when they were compared with AD patients without depressive symptoms. These findings are consistent with previous reports in studies of primary depression suggesting that these regions are involved in affect and emotional regulation.
Phonological Awareness Abilities of 6-Year-Old Children With Mild to Moderate Phonological Impairments

Standardized and nonstandardized assessments of phonological awareness skills were administered to two groups of 6-year-old children. Group 1 passed a language screening but exhibited mild or moderate phonological impairments on the Assessment of Phonological Processes—Revised. Group 2 passed a language screening and exhibited no phonological errors. Results indicated that the children with phonological errors performed significantly more poorly on both the standardized and the nonstandardized tests of phonological awareness. This study provides further evidence that children with relatively mild phonological problems independent of concomitant language disorders should be considered at risk for phonological awareness problems.
Stromal cells of the mouse spleen

The composition and function of stromal cells in the white pulp of the spleen resemble to a large extent the situation in other secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes. The stromal cells play an important role in the support and guidance of lymphocytes and myeloid cells in the T and B cell zones of the spleen. Major differences of the spleen are found in the way cells enter the white pulp and the composition of stromal cells in the red pulp. In this review, the features of stromal cells of both white and red pulp will be described in light of the function of the spleen.
Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Effects of Diterpenes Isolated from the Marine Alga, Dictyota menstrualis

Cardiovascular diseases represent a major cause of disability and death worldwide. Therapeutics are available, but they often have unsatisfactory results and may produce side effects. Alternative treatments based on the use of natural products have been extensively investigated, because of their low toxicity and side effects. Marine organisms are prime candidates for such products, as they are sources of numerous and complex substances with ecological and pharmacological effects. In this work, we investigated, through in vitro experiments, the effects of three diterpenes (pachydictyol A, isopachydictyol A and dichotomanol) from the Brazilian marine alga, Dictyota menstrualis, on platelet aggregation and plasma coagulation. Results showed that dichotomanol inhibited ADP- or collagen-induced aggregation of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), but failed to inhibit washed platelets (WP). In contrast, pachydictyol A and isopachydictyol A failed to inhibit the aggregation of PRP, but inhibited WP aggregation induced by collagen or thrombin. These diterpenes also inhibited coagulation analyzed by the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time and on commercial fibrinogen. Moreover, diterpenes inhibited the catalytic activity of thrombin. Theoretical studies using the Osiris Property Explorer software showed that diterpenes have low theoretical toxicity profiles and a drug-score similar to commercial anticoagulant drugs. In conclusion, these diterpenes are promising candidates for use in anticoagulant therapy, and this study also highlights the biotechnological potential of oceans and the importance of bioprospecting to develop medicines.
Occurrence of antennal glands in ants

A previous report of the discovery of exocrine glands in the antennal club of queens and workers of Solenopsis invicta Buren, 1972 left open the question of the extent to which similar glands occur in the Formicidae family. We wanted to know if these antennal glands are unique to Solenopsis, or they are found in a wider taxonomic group. Using scanning electron microscopy, we examined the antennae of 41 ant species. Presence of the antennal glands was indicated by a characteristic circumferential ring of pores in a distal antennal segment of workers. Pores were found in the 9th antennal segment of all 26 species of Solenopsis examined. Pores were absent in the following: Monomorium minimum, M. pharaonis, Pheidole sp. , Crematogaster sp. , Linepithema humile, Forelius sp. , Dorymyrmex sp. , Paratrechina sp. , Oecophylla smaragdina, Campanotus sp. , Ectatomma ruidum, E. tuberlatum, and Pseudomyrmex ferruginea. However, pores were found in the antennal club of Tetramorium bicarinatum workers and queens. After KOH digestion of T. bicarinatum antennae, internal canals were observed in both workers and queens, and the canals are connected to spherical reservoirs in queens. T. bicarinatum was the only non‐Solenopsis species examined, which showed evidence for antennal glands in the distal funiculus. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Associations Between Teacher-Rated Versus Self-Rated Student Temperament and School Achievement

This study examined whether teacher-rated versus self-rated student temperaments are different in relation to the school grades in Maths and Mother language (ML) instruction in a nationally representative sample of Finnish Secondary School students (n = 1,063, mean age 15.1 years). The results indicated that teacher-rated temperament was more strongly associated with students' Maths and ML grades than self-rated temperament. All the teacher-rated temperament traits were associated with school grades, accounting for 38% and 45% of the variance in Maths and ML, respectively. Of the self-rated temperaments, high task orientation and its components, high persistence and low distractibility, were associated with better school grades both in Maths and ML. Low reactivity and low negative emotionality were associated only with better ML grades, whereas high inhibition was associated only with better Maths grades. A temperament-conscious education needs to be taken into account in future teacher training.
Window Flow Control Systems with Random Service

We present an extension of the window flow control analysis by R. Agrawal et.al. (Reference [1]), C. -S. Chang (Reference [6]), and C. -S. Chang et. al. (Reference [8]) to a system with random service time and fixed feedback delay. We consider two network service models. In the first model, the network service process itself has no time correlations. The second model addresses a two-state Markov-modulated service.
Alterations in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and its oxytocin neurons (putative satiety cells) in Prader-Willi syndrome: a study of five cases.

Animal experiments have shown that the parvocellular oxytocin (OXT) neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) inhibit food intake. In the present study, the PVN and its OXT neurons have been investigated in an extreme human eating disorder, i.e. the Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). PWS patients are characterized by gross obesity, insatiable hunger, hypotonia, hypogonadism, and mental retardation. The PVN of 5 PWS patients (2 males and 3 females), varying in age between 22-64 yr, and 27 controls (14 males and 13 females) without any primary neurological or psychiatric diseases was morphometrically investigated after conventional staining with thionine and immunocytochemical staining for OXT and vasopressin (AVP). The thionine-stained volume of the PVN was 28% smaller in PWS patients (P = 0.028), and the total cell number was 38% lower (P = 0.009). The immunoreactivity for OXT and AVP was decreased in PWS patients, although the variability within the groups was high. A strong and highly significant decrease (42%; P = 0.016) was found in the number of OXT-expressing neurons of the PWS patients. The volume of the PVN-containing OXT-expressing neurons decreased by 54% (P = 0.028) in PWS. The number of AVP-expressing neurons in the PVN did not change significantly. The OXT neurons of the PVN seem to be good candidates for playing a physiological role in ingestive behavior as "satiety neurons" in the human hypothalamus.
Segmenting Bank Customers by Resistance to Mobile Banking

The objective of the study is to explore bank customers' varying reasons for resisting mobile banking services. Today mobile communications technologies offer vast additional value for consumers' banking transactions due to their always-on functionality and the option to bank virtually any time and anywhere. However, before being adopted, all innovations face various types of resistance that may paralyse customers' desire to adopt an innovation. Following Ram and Sheth [1], resistance was measured with five barriers namely usage barrier, value barrier, risk barrier, tradition barrier and image barrier. An Internet questionnaire was developed and 1,540 responses from the non-users of mobile banking were collected. The results of the cluster analysis showed that different bank customers do indeed have different reasons for resisting mobile banking. The results indicate that older and less educated people and those who are entrepreneurs, farmers or retired are significantly more opposed to banking innovations than the other members of a social system. Moreover, younger people who are working in a good, well-paid profession do not perceive mobile banking to be as risky as do other online customers. The study provides academics and bank managers with an enhanced understanding of the different reasons inhibiting mobile banking adoption and the consumer demographics that determine such resistance.
Menstrual management and women who have intellectual disabilities: Service providers and decision-making

As part of a study about menstrual management decision-making for women who have an intellectual disability and high support needs, 63 service providers were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule. The interview participants included school staff, residential staff, ”resource” staff, managers, and medical practitioners. The interview schedule sought information about decision-making bases, such as relevant personal experiences and observations, attitudes to menstruation, knowledge of management approaches, and practical support networks accessed by the participants. In addition, participants were asked their opinions about decision-making processes such as what choices they perceive as practicable and preferable, who should be involved in decision-making processes and criteria upon which decisions should be made. Participants were also asked for their suggestions about how to access information and enhance practical support for the young women and their families. This paper summarises the .
GaBoDS: The Garching-Bonn Deep Survey VIII. Lyman-break galaxies in the ESO Deep Public Survey

Aims. The clustering properties of a large sample of U-dropouts are investigated and compared to very precise results for B-dropouts from other studies to identify a possible evolution from z=4 to z=3. Methods. A population of ~8800 candidates for star-forming galaxies at z=3 is selected via the well-known Lyman-break technique from a large optical multicolour survey (the ESO Deep Public Survey). The selection efficiency, contamination rate, and redshift distribution of this population are investigated by means of extensive simulations. Photometric redshifts are estimated for every Lyman-break galaxy (LBG) candidate from its UBVRI photometry yielding an empirical redshift distribution. The measured angular correlation function is deprojected and the resulting spatial correlation lengths and slopes of the correlation function of different subsamples are compared to previous studies. Results. By fitting a simple power law to the correlation function we do not see an evolution in the correlation length and the slope from other studies at z=4 to our study at z=3. In particular, the dependence of the slope on UV-luminosity similar to that recently detected for a sample of B-dropouts is confirmed also for our U-dropouts. For the first time number statistics for U-dropouts are sufficient to clearly detect a departure from a pure power law on small scales down to ~2" reported by other groups for B-dropouts.
Testing and Training Anticipation Skills in Softball Fielders

This study investigated whether a video-based perceptual training stimulus could improve anticipatory skill in softball fielders. Elite softball players (mean ± SE age, 19 ± 1 yr) were randomly allocated into a video-based perceptual training group (n = 9), a placebo group (n = 8), or a control group (n = 8). The athlete's decision accuracy and decision time were measured in the laboratory using a ‘life-like’ video-based test of a batter from the perspective of the in-fielder. Following four weeks of training, the video-based perceptual training group had superior decision accuracy and faster decision times than both the placebo and control groups. Importantly these improvements in anticipatory skill transferred to the field environment. The improvements in anticipatory skill were retained after a four week, non-training period. These findings suggest that video-based perceptual training should be used in conjunction with field training to enhance the anticipatory skill of softball fielders.