Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary Drift and Equilibrium Selection

This paper develops an approach to equilibrium selection in game theory based on studying the equilibriating process through which equilibrium is achieved. The differential equations derived from models of interactive learning typically have stationary states that are not isolated. Instead, Nash equilibria that specify the same behavior on the equilibrium path, but different out-of-equilibrium behavior, appear in connected components of stationary states. The stability properties of these components often depend critically on the perturbations to which the system is subjected. We argue that it is then important to incorporate such drift into the model. A sufficient condition is provided for drift to create stationary states with strong stability properties near a component of equilibria. This result is used to derive comparative static predictions concerning common questions raised in the literature on refinements of Nash equlibrium.
Artificial Immune Systems for Classification : Some Issues

It has recently been shown that Artificial Immune Systems are not only capable of performing classification, but that AIRS, a resource limited Artificial Immune System, is competitive with some of the best classifiers in the world on a broad variety of classification problems. This paper explores some of the issues that affect the performance of AIRS. These include modifications to the algorithm for resource allocation, a policy for handling ties and approaches to ARB pool organization.
Changes in U.S. Family Finances from 2016 to 2019: Evidence from the Survey of Consumer Finances

The Federal Reserve Board’s Survey of Consumer Finances for 2019 provides insights into the evolution of family income and net worth since the previous time the survey was conducted in 2016. The survey shows that over the 2016–19 period, the median value of real (inflation-adjusted) family income before taxes rose 5 percent, and mean income decreased 3 percent. Real median net worth increased 18 percent, and mean net worth rose 2 percent. This survey marks the first in the aftermath of the Great Recession in which between-survey changes in the median outpaced changes in the mean for either measure, indicating that families in large parts of both distributions enjoyed gains in economic well-being. And, while the data also reveal some disparities in the evolution of income and net worth since 2016 across families differentiated by economic characteristics, such as income or wealth, and demographic characteristics, such as age, education, or race and ethnicity, many groups with historically lower income and net worth saw relatively large gains. This article reviews these and other changes in the financial condition of U.S. families, including developments in assets, liabilities, debt payments, and credit market experiences. The findings in this article do not reflect the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on family finances, as almost all of the data in the 2019 survey were collected before the onset of the pandemic.
Design of Radar Receive Filters Optimized According to $L_{p}$-Norm Based Criteria

This correspondence deals with the design of radar receive filters for pulse compression which optimize either the Lp-norm of the vector containing the filter sidelobe energies or the inverse signal-to-noise power ratio (ISNR) under an upper-bound constraint on the previously mentioned Lp-norm. In both the cases, we prove that the filter design can be formulated as a convex optimization second-order cone programming (SOCP) problem which can be efficiently solved with a polynomial time computational complexity resorting to interior point methods. At the analysis stage, we assess the performance of the receive filters in correspondence of different values of the parameter p highlighting the performance compromises between the integrated sidelobe level (ISL), the peak sidelobe level (PSL), and the ISNR. Finally, we study the effects of the filter length on the performance as well as the Doppler tolerance of the devised filters. The results show that the proposed technique leads to satisfactory performance levels and good Doppler tolerances.
MicroRNA-212 negatively regulates starvation induced autophagy in prostate cancer cells by inhibiting SIRT1 and is a modulator of angiogenesis and cellular senescence

Among a number of non-coding RNAs, role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer cell proliferation, cancer initiation, development and metastasis have been extensively studied and miRNA based therapeutic approaches are being pursued. Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major health concern and several deregulated miRNAs have been described in PCa. miR-212 is differentially modulated in multiple cancers however its function remains elusive. In this study, we found that miR-212 is downregulated in PCa tissues when compared with benign adjacent regions (n = 40). Also, we observed reduced levels of circulatory miR-212 in serum from PCa patients (n = 40) when compared with healthy controls (n = 32). Elucidating the functional role of miR-212, we demonstrate that miR-212 negatively modulates starvation induced autophagy in PCa cells by targeting sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Overexpression of miR-212 also leads to inhibition of angiogenesis and cellular senescence. In conclusion, our study indicates a functional role of miR-212 in PCa and suggests the development of miR-212 based therapies.
SOCIAL CAPITAL OF YOUNG TECHNOLOGY FIRMS AND THEIR IPO VALUES : THE COMPLEMENTARY ROLE OF RELEVANT ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY

The strategic importance of Business-to-Business (B2B) relationships is well recognized, but their financial impact remains equivocal. This study links social capital from three types of B2B networks of young technology firms with their Initial Public Offering (IPO) value. The authors identify three relevant types of absorptive capacity that facilitate the transformation of B2B social capital into IPO value. For the transformation to occur, the authors find that young firms need not only the opportunity to access the resources provided by B2B relationships, but also the ability to leverage them through the complementary capability, namely, absorptive capacity. The hypotheses are tested on a sample of 177 IPOs and the results are robust to endogeneity concerns and alternative measures. As one of the first studies in marketing-finance interface to focus on young firms, the findings provide novel insights such as the deleterious financial consequence of having marketing and R&D B2B relationships without the relevant absorptive capacity. Managerial implications regarding communicating the value of absorptive capacity, disclosure of marketing related information, and the importance of marketing for young technology firms are also provided.
The Protective Effect of MicroRNA-320 on Left Ventricular Remodeling after Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Rat Model

The primary objective of this study investigated the role of microRNA-320 (miR-320) on left ventricular remodeling in the rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, and we intended to explore the myocardial mechanism of miR-320-mediated myocardium protection. We collected 120 male Wistar rats (240–280 g) in this study and then randomly divided them into three groups: (1) sham surgery group (sham group: n = 40); (2) ischemia-reperfusion model group (I/R group: n = 40); and (3) I/R model with antagomir-320 group (I/R + antagomir-320 group: n = 40). Value changes of heart function in transesophageal echocardiography were recorded at various time points (day 1, day 3, day 7, day 15 and day 30) after surgery in each group. Myocardial sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and examined with optical microscope. The degree of myocardial fibrosis was assessed by Sirius Red staining. Terminal dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) and qRT-PCR methods were used to measure the apoptosis rate and to determine the miR-320 expression levels in myocardial tissues. Transesophageal echocardiography showed that the values of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and ±dp/dtmax in the I/R group were obviously lower than those in the sham group, while the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) value was higher than that in the sham group. The values of LVEF, LVFS, LVSP and ±dp/dtmax showed a gradual decrease in the I/R group, while the LVEDP value showed an up tendency along with the extension of reperfusion time. The H&E staining revealed that rat myocardial tissue in the I/R group presented extensive myocardial damage; for the I/R + antagomir-320 group, however, the degree of damage in myocardial cells was obviously better than that of the I/R group. The Sirius Red staining results showed that the degree of myocardial fibrosis in the I/R group was more severe along with the extension of the time of reperfusion. For the I/R + antagomir-320 group, the degree of myocardial fibrosis was less severe than that in the I/R group. Tissues samples in both the sham and I/R + antagomir-320 groups showed a lower apoptosis rate compared to I/R group. The qRT-PCR results indicated that miR-320 expression in the I/R group was significantly higher than that in both the sham and I/R + antagomir-320 groups. The expression level of miR-320 is significantly up-regulated in the rat model of myocardial I/R injury, and it may be implicated in the prevention of myocardial I/R injury-triggered left ventricular remodeling.
Maturation and Long-Term Hypoxia Alters Calcium-Induced Calcium Release in Sheep 1 Cerebrovascular Sympathetic Neurons 2 3

Maturation and Long-Term Hypoxia Alters Calcium-Induced Calcium Release in Sheep 1 Cerebrovascular Sympathetic Neurons 2 3 Erik J. Behringer, Laura D. Leite, Nickolaus E. Buchholz, Michael G. Keeney, William J. 4 Pearce, Conwin K. Vanterpool, Sean M. Wilsonand John N. Buchholz 5 6 1. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, 7 Loma Linda, CA 92350 8 9 2. Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, 10 Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina FlorianópolisSanta Catarina, CEP 88010-970, Brazil 11 12 3. Department of Biological Sciences, Carter Hall, Alabama A&M, 4900 Meridian Street, Normal, 13 Alabama 35762 14 15 Running Head 16 Postnatal Maturation and Hypoxia and Modulators of CICR 17 18 Correspondence 19 John N. Buchholz, Ph.D. 20 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology 21 Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350 22 e-Mail: jbuchholz@llu.edu, phone: 909-558-4800 ext. 47026 23 24 Articles in PresS. J Appl Physiol (July 30, 2009). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00363. 2009
The Micro Processes of Citizen Jury Deliberation: Implications for Deliberative Democracy

Despite the growing popularity of the citizen jury and other deliberative democratic approaches to public participation, there is no agreement on the method for evaluating them, nor even agreement on where evaluation should be applied, inputs, outputs or process. To evaluate its efficacy, this study convened a citizen jury to deliberate on waste management issues in a provincial Australian city. After considering the theory of deliberative democracy, the paper identifies six criteria and applies relevant analytical methods. The primary form of analysis is a sample of transcripts of jury deliberations used to examine the micro processes of the deliberative processes. This was supplemented by pre- and post-jury surveys as well as participant observation. The outcomes reveal that the micro-processes of jury deliberation were often characterised by unequal forms of interaction, poor focus on outcomes, and limited use of available knowledge. Nonetheless, the paper argues that deliberative processes do have a role to play in contemporary democracies.
Research article IMPACT OF HEAVY METALS ON ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN DIFFERENT TISSUE OF MILK FISH Chanos chanos.

The impact of heavy metal accumulation on antioxidant activity in Chanos chanos, (Milk fish) was studied in two different locations polluted sites (Kaattuppalli Island) and less polluted sites (Kovalam estuary). Accumulation of heavy metals in the gills, liver and muscles were observed Zn >Fe >Cu >Pb >Mn >Cd >Ni. The results reveal that highest concentration of metals in muscle, gills and liver were observed in Kaattuppalli Island when compared to Kovalam estuary. The antioxidant activity showed significant increased in lipid peroxidase (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-tranferese (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in different tissues of Chanos chanos collected Kaattuppalli Island. Among the studied enzymes, total glutathione peroxidase, catalase and glutathione S- transferase appeared to be the most responsive biomarkers of oxidative stress biomarkers and membrane disruption as the sensitive parameters of environmental pollutant contamination and their importance in biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems. This is also the first such attempt reported at the tissue level from South India stressing the importance of biomarkers in biomonitoring programmes using fish muscle, gills and liver as the model system.
Policing in Nonhuman Primates: Partial Interventions Serve a Prosocial Conflict Management Function in Rhesus Macaques

Studies of prosocial policing in nonhuman societies traditionally focus on impartial interventions because of an underlying assumption that partial support implies a direct benefit to the intervener, thereby negating the potential for being prosocial in maintaining social stability for the benefit of the group. However, certain types of partial interventions have significant potential to be prosocial in controlling conflict, e.g. support of non-kin subordinates. Here, we propose a policing support hypothesis that some types of agonistic support serve a prosocial policing function that maintains group stability. Using seven large captive groups of rhesus macaques, we investigated the relationship between intervention type and group-level costs and benefits (rates of trauma, severe aggression, social relocation) and individual level costs and benefits (preferential sex-dyad targeting, dominance ambiguity reduction, access to mates, and return aggression). Our results show that impartial interventions and support of subordinate non-kin represent prosocial policing as both (1) were negatively associated with group-level rates of trauma and severe aggression, respectively, (2) showed no potential to confer individual dominance benefits, (3) when performed outside the mating season, they did not increase chances of mating with the beneficiary, and (4) were low-cost for the highest-ranking interveners. We recommend expanding the definition of ‘policing’ in nonhumans to include these ‘policing support interventions’.
Publishing in the Majors: A Comparison of Accounting, Finance, Management, and Marketing

Publication in top-tier journals is the primary criterion for promotion at many business schools and a strong influence on salary, teaching load, and research support. Business schools evaluate publication records by comparing the quality and quantity of top-tier research articles to those of peers within the same discipline (intradisciplinary) and to those of academics from other business disciplines (interdisciplinary). An analytical model of the research review process (the q-r model) predicts that interdisciplinary differences exist in the standards that top-tier journals use for accepting articles. If true, decision makers should consider these differences. I examine the period from 1980 to 1999 and, consistent with the model's predictions, find that significant differences exist in the number of articles and proportion of faculty who published in the "major" journals in accounting, finance, management, and marketing. Most notably, top-tier accounting journals publish substantially fewer major articles than journals in the other three business disciplines. In addition, I find the proportion of doctoral faculty publishing a major article has declined in all four disciplines over the 1980 to 1999 period.
Structural and effective connectivity reveals potential network-based influences on category-sensitive visual areas

Visual category perception is thought to depend on brain areas that respond specifically when certain categories are viewed. These category-sensitive areas are often assumed to be “modules” (with some degree of processing autonomy) and to act predominantly on feedforward visual input. This modular view can be complemented by a view that treats brain areas as elements within more complex networks and as influenced by network properties. This network-oriented viewpoint is emerging from studies using either diffusion tensor imaging to map structural connections or effective connectivity analyses to measure how their functional responses influence each other. This literature motivates several hypotheses that predict category-sensitive activity based on network properties. Large, long-range fiber bundles such as inferior fronto-occipital, arcuate and inferior longitudinal fasciculi are associated with behavioral recognition and could play crucial roles in conveying backward influences on visual cortex from anterior temporal and frontal areas. Such backward influences could support top-down functions such as visual search and emotion-based visual modulation. Within visual cortex itself, areas sensitive to different categories appear well-connected (e.g., face areas connect to object- and motion sensitive areas) and their responses can be predicted by backward modulation. Evidence supporting these propositions remains incomplete and underscores the need for better integration of DTI and functional imaging.
What's to Know About Laboratory Experimentation in Economics?

Experimental economics has grown as a discipline from near non-existence 50 years ago to a full-fledged field within economics in the present. Much of experimental economics research involves experimental methods as a tool, applied to problems in other fields of economics. However, some of this research is inward looking, focusing on questions of the methodology of experimental economics. In this note, I briefly discuss two methodological issues in experimental economics that might benefit from meta-analysis: the pool from which experimental participants are drawn (university undergraduate students versus other populations) and the scale of monetary incentives faced by participants (large, small or hypothetical).
Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Risiko Bisnis, Pertumbuhan Aset, Profitabilitas Dan Tingkat Likuiditas Pada Struktur Modal

The purpose of this study was to determine empirically the effect of firm size, business risk, asset growth, profitability and liquidity on capital structure partially (Uj t). The sampling method with precision Slovin formula in this study was 5%, 300 samples obtained from 965 manufacturing companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) the period of 2008-2012. This study used multiple linear regression analysis. Partial results of the study showed that the size of the company, growth in assets, profitability and liquidity and significant positive effect on the capital structure of the business risks, while significant negative effect on capital structure.
Phasic and Tonic mGlu7 Receptor Activity Modulates the Thalamocortical Network

Mutation of the metabotropic glutamate receptor type 7 (mGlu7) induces absence-like epileptic seizures, but its precise role in the somatosensory thalamocortical network remains unknown. By combining electrophysiological recordings, optogenetics, and pharmacology, we dissected the contribution of the mGlu7 receptor at mouse thalamic synapses. We found that mGlu7 is functionally expressed at both glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses, where it can inhibit neurotransmission and regulate short-term plasticity. These effects depend on the PDZ-ligand of the receptor, as they are lost in mutant mice. Interestingly, the very low affinity of mGlu7 receptors for glutamate raises the question of how it can be activated, namely at GABAergic synapses and in basal conditions. Inactivation of the receptor activity with the mGlu7 negative allosteric modulator (NAM), ADX71743, enhances thalamic synaptic transmission. In vivo administration of the NAM induces a lethargic state with spindle and/or spike-and-wave discharges accompanied by a behavioral arrest typical of absence epileptic seizures. This provides evidence for mGlu7 receptor-mediated tonic modulation of a physiological function in vivo preventing synchronous and potentially pathological oscillations.
Optimal Design of Rating-Trigger Step-Up Bonds: Agency Conflicts versus Asymmetric Information

Agency conflicts and asymmetric information are two possible explanations that may rationalize the use of a step-up provision in the bond indenture. Within a continuous-time framework with bankruptcy costs and tax benefits, we analyze the optimal step-up bond design with respect to both frictions. We find that (i) contrary to existing results, step-up bonds are indeed able to mitigate the asset substitution problem, (ii) the use of a step-up feature can be a credible signal to overcome asymmetric information problems, and (iii) the optimal design as well as the conditions for the optimal use of step-up bonds is considerably different for the two explanations. This outcome implies that, based on observable firm and bond characteristics, it is possible to discriminate between the two motives underlying the use of step-up bonds.
Constrained output feedback control of a multivariable polymerization reactor

A multivariable, nonlinear control strategy which accounts for unmeasured state variables and input constraints is developed for the free-radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate. Monomer concentration and reactor temperature are controlled using a technique which combines input-output decoupling and linear model predictive control. Input constraints are handled explicitly by applying linear model predictive control to the feedback linearized system. Unmeasured initiator and solvent concentrations are accounted for by treating the live polymer concentration as an unknown parameter which is estimated online. The performance of the control strategy is evaluated through closed-loop simulations.
Canadian Consumers' Preferences for Food Safety and Agricultural Environment Safety

This project applies statistical models to analyse the relative importance ratings for selected food risk issues given in January 2003 by a representative cross-Canada sample of consumers. Ratings for environmental risks that may be associated with agriculture are also assessed. Results of ordered probit econometric models that analyze the influence of respondent's socio-economic and demographic characteristics on food and environmental risk ratings indicate that these are influenced by gender, age, income, employment and location of residence. Males tended to choose lower risk ratings; residents of Quebec tended to give higher risk ratings to most of the queried food and environmental safety issues. The results suggest that measures of trust in institutions associated with the regulation and marketing of food also influence individuals' risk assessments associated with food and agriculture.