Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of desmin activity using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining of myocardial biopsies in patients with chronic heart failure. Comparison of the two methods.

BACKGROUND Desmin plays one of the key roles in cardiomyocytes. The protein protects the integration of the cell and has the following actions: mechanical, structural and regulatory. Observed abnormalities of its activity have been associated with worsening of heart failure (HF). AIM Evaluation of desmin activity detected with immunohistochemical (IHC) and immunofluorescent (IF) staining in cardiomyocytes in patients with chronic HF. METHODS The study population comprised 37 patients (mean age 46.5+/-15.28 years, 83.8% males) with diagnosed HF of unknown aetiology, who underwent myocardial biopsy. Coronary angiography was performed to exclude presence of significant coronary artery disease. Heart failure was diagnosed based on clinical assessment and echocardiography showing left ventricular ejection fraction below 45%. RESULTS The IHC and IF evaluation of cardiomyocyte desmin showed that these methods were consistent with respect to classification of 31 specimens (83.8%), while being discrepant in 6 (16.2%) cases. Desmin detection in myocardial biopsy specimens with IHC staining showed normal amounts of this protein in 11 (29.8%) cases, excess in 18 (48.6%) patients and deficiency in 8 (21.6%) cases, whereas in IF stained specimens respective values were 12 (32.4%), 15 (40.6%) and 10 (27%). No significant differences were found between all desmin groups (i.e. normal level, excessive and deficiency) evaluated with IHC and IF staining (p=0.39; p=0.25; p=0.31, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The IHC and IF methods allow evaluation of desmin activity in cardiomyocytes and division into three types of expression. Both methods have high consistency. The IHC, which is the more available method, seems to be a sufficient assay.
Tissue-intrinsic dysfunction of circadian clock confers transplant arteriosclerosis

The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain is the circadian center, relaying rhythmic environmental and behavioral information to peripheral tissues to control circadian physiology. As such, central clock dysfunction can alter systemic homeostasis to consequently impair peripheral physiology in a manner that is secondary to circadian malfunction. To determine the impact of circadian clock function in organ transplantation and dissect the influence of intrinsic tissue clocks versus extrinsic clocks, we implemented a blood vessel grafting approach to surgically assemble a chimeric mouse that was part wild-type (WT) and part circadian clock mutant. Arterial isografts from donor WT mice that had been anastamosed to common carotid arteries of recipient WT mice (WT:WT) exhibited no pathology in this syngeneic transplant strategy. Similarly, when WT grafts were anastamosed to mice with disrupted circadian clocks, the structural features of the WT grafts immersed in the milieu of circadian malfunction were normal and absent of lesions, comparable to WT:WT grafts. In contrast, aortic grafts from Bmal1 knockout (KO) or Period-2,3 double-KO mice transplanted into littermate control WT mice developed robust arteriosclerotic disease. These lesions observed in donor grafts of Bmal1-KO were associated with up-regulation in T-cell receptors, macrophages, and infiltrating cells in the vascular grafts, but were independent of hemodynamics and B and T cell-mediated immunity. These data demonstrate the significance of intrinsic tissue clocks as an autonomous influence in experimental models of arteriosclerotic disease, which may have implications with regard to the influence of circadian clock function in organ transplantation.
An Inductive Method to Select Simulation Points

The time for processor simulation can be drastically reduced by selecting simulation points, which are such dynamic sections from execution program that the overall behavior for the program can be estimated by simulating only for thoses sections. Existing methods to select simulation points such as SimPoint, are deductive, selects simulation points only from the program, based on the idea that executing the same static section of the program is the same phase. However, there are counterexamples for this idea. This paper proposes an inductive method, which does from the results of pre-simulation of several processors with distinctive microarchitectures, based on the idea that a section, all the distinctive processors, showed the similar IPC value is the same phase. We evaluated the first 100G instructions of SPEC 2006 programs. Our method achieves IPC estimation errors of about 0:1% by simulating about 0:05% of the 100G instructions.
A study of the adrenotropic receptors.

T HE adrenotropic receptors are those hypothetical structures or systems located in, on or near the muscle or gland cells affected by epinephrine. The concept of a receptive mechanism was introduced by Langley (I, 2) to explain the action of curare on skeletal muscle. Dale was probably the first to make significant use of the receptor concept in connection with the sympathetic nervous system. In his classical paper (3) on the sympatholytic action of the ergot alkaloids, he recognized that what he called the sympathetic myoneural junction could also be called 'the receptive mechanism for adrenaline'; and he used this mechanism to explain the fact that the ergot alkaloids prevented only the motor (excitatory) actions of epinephrine and had no effect on the inhibitory actions of epinephrine or on the excitatory actions of barium or pituitrin. The adrenotropic receptors have been considered to be of two classes, those whose action results in excitation and those whose action results in inhibition of the eff ector cells. Experiments described in this paper indicate that although there are two kinds of adrenotropic receptors they cannot be classified simply as excitatory or inhibitory since each kind of receptor may have either action depending upon where it is found. The evidence for these conclusions is, in brief, that a series of six sympa-thomimetic amines has one order of potency-r, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-on the following functions: vasoconstriction, excitation of the uterus and ureters, contraction of the nictitating membrane, dilation of the pupil and inhibition of the gut. In contrast, this same series of amines has an entirely different order of potency-z, 4, 6, 5, 3, Ion the following functions: vasodilation, inhibition of the uterus and myocardial stimulation. The variations in activity could be due to any or all of three factors: a) quantitative differences in potency, b) qualitatively different effects or c) differences due entirely to the experimental methods used. If the last Tao factors are controlled as much as possible by the selection of the amines and by using suitable experimental techniques, then the variations in activity are presumably due to actual differences in the receptors involved. Tentatively the first kind of receptor has been called the alpha adrenotropic receptor and the second kind the beta receptor. This concept of two fundamental types of receptors is directly opposed to the concept of two mediator substances (sympathin E and sympathin I) as propounded by …
Fractography: Observing, Measuring and Interpreting Fracture Surface Topography

1. Introduction to the concepts used in the observation, measurement and interpretation of fracture surface topography 2. Observing, describing and measuring fracture surface topography: some basics using Ketton stone as an example 3. Tilting cracks 4. River line patterns 5. Mirror, mist and hackle: surface roughness, crack velocity and dynamic stress intensity 6. Cleavage of crystalline solids 7. Fracture at interfaces 8. Aspects of ductile fracture 9. Crack dynamic effects 10. Applications of fractography Appendix.
Calcaneocuboid joint involvement in calcaneal fractures.

BACKGROUND The reported incidence of calcaneocuboid joint (CCJ) involvement in calcaneal fractures varies considerably. It is largely unknown to what extent CCJ involvement accounts for outcome in these fractures. Therefore, the goal of this study was to analyze the incidence and effects of CCJ involvement in calcaneal fractures. METHODS The clinical records of 106 patients, treated between 2000 and 2004, were reviewed for fracture classification, injury mechanism, surgical treatment, and complications. In a prospective cross-sectional study, 44 patients were assessed clinically (SF-36 American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score) and radiographically. Gait analysis was performed using dynamic pedography. RESULTS Sixty-eight percent of all fractures had involvement of the CCJ. Fractures with CCJ involvement were caused by a more severe injury than fractures without CCJ involvement (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.03); this is reflected by a strong association between CCJ involvement and fracture classification (Spearman, p < 0.006). Patients with involvement of the CCJ-especially those with a postoperative step in the CCJ-achieved a lower SF-36 score as well as a lower American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score than patients without CCJ involvement. CCJ involvement was associated with more difficulties in walking on rough surface (Spearman, p = 0.020). Limitations during gait were confirmed by dynamic pedography. Grading of posttraumatic osteoarthritis was associated with fracture classification (chi test p < 0.02) and quality of reduction (chi test p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that calcaneal fractures with involvement of the CCJ are associated with more severe trauma and worse outcome. Thus, the CCJ should be given more credit during surgery and in our research efforts.
BinaryConnect: Training Deep Neural Networks with binary weights during propagations

Deep Neural Networks (DNN) have achieved state-of-the-art results in a wide range of tasks, with the best results obtained with large training sets and large models. In the past, GPUs enabled these breakthroughs because of their greater computational speed. In the future, faster computation at both training and test time is likely to be crucial for further progress and for consumer applications on low-power devices. As a result, there is much interest in research and development of dedicated hardware for Deep Learning (DL). Binary weights, i.e., weights which are constrained to only two possible values (e.g. -1 or 1), would bring great benefits to specialized DL hardware by replacing many multiply-accumulate operations by simple accumulations, as multipliers are the most space and power-hungry components of the digital implementation of neural networks. We introduce BinaryConnect, a method which consists in training a DNN with binary weights during the forward and backward propagations, while retaining precision of the stored weights in which gradients are accumulated. Like other dropout schemes, we show that BinaryConnect acts as regularizer and we obtain near state-of-the-art results with BinaryConnect on the permutation-invariant MNIST, CIFAR-10 and SVHN.
Central and carboxy‐terminal regions of human p53 protein are essential for interaction and complex formation with PARP‐1

It has been previously described by different groups that poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (PARP‐1) and the product of the tumor suppressor gene p53 form tight complexes. We investigated which domains of human PARP‐1 and of human wild‐type p53 were involved in this protein–protein interaction. We generated baculoviral constructs encoding full length protein or distinct functional domains of both proteins. Baculovirally expressed wild‐type p53 was posttranslationally modified. Full length PARP‐1 was simultaneously coexpressed in insect cells with full length wt p53 protein or its distinct truncated fragments and vice versa. Reciprocal immunoprecipitation of Sf9 cell lysates revealed that the central and carboxy‐terminal fragments of p53 were sufficient to confer binding to PARP‐1. The amino‐terminal part harboring the transactivation functional domain of p53 was dispensable. On the other hand, the amino‐terminal and central fragments of PARP‐1 were necessary for complex formation with p53 protein. Finally, we explored the functional significance of the interaction between both proteins. Inactivation of PARP‐1 resulted in the reduction of p53 steady‐state levels. Inhibition of nuclear export by leptomycin B prevented accelerated degradation of p53 in PARP‐1 KO cells and led to accumulation of p53 protein. Considering the fact that the accelerated p53 nuclear export in the absence of PARP‐1 contributes to enhanced p53 degradation, we conclude that PARP‐1 may mask the NES of p53 through complex formation with its carboxy‐terminal part, thereby preventing the export. J. Cell. Biochem. 89: 220–232, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence-based stroke r-ehabilitation: an expanded guidance document from the european stroke organisation (ESO) guidelines for management of ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack 2008.

OBJECTIVE Despite recent high-profile advances in our understanding of rehabilitation post-stroke, the evidence base remains weaker than in other areas of stroke management. Under the aegis of the European Stroke Organisation a select committee was assembled to collate and appraise the evidence base for rehabilitation interventions. METHODS Following systematic literature searching, relevant abstracts were screened for data quality and relevance. These data were summarized and presented to the members of the expert panel, who, both individually and across group discussions, modified the content. The process was repeated until a final document was produced that all members of the panel and the European Stroke Organisation editorial group were happy with. RESULTS The final guidelines offer a comprehensive review of post-stroke rehabilitation, incorporating discussion of optimal timing, setting and duration of therapy as well as individual sections on the role of professions allied to medicine; use of assistive technologies and dealing with the common complications encountered during the rehabilitation period. CONCLUSION There is a lack of robust evidence for many of the prevalent post-stroke rehabilitation interventions. Available data are discussed and presented as key points; more importantly, specific areas that require further study are also highlighted. METHODS Following systematic literature searching, relevant abstracts were screened for data quality and relevance. These data were summarized and presented to the members of the expert panel, who, both individually and across group discussions, modified the content. The process was repeated until a final document was produced that all members of the panel and the European Stroke Organisation editorial group were happy with. RESULTS The final guidelines offer a comprehensive review of post-stroke rehabilitation, incorporating discussion of optimal timing, setting and duration of therapy as well as individual sections on the role of professions allied to medicine; use of assistive technologies and dealing with the common complications encountered during the rehabilitation period. CONCLUSION There is a lack of robust evidence for many of the prevalent post-stroke rehabilitation interventions. Available data are discussed and presented as key points; more importantly, specific areas that require further study are also highlighted.
Substrate requirements of hepatitis C virus serine proteinase for intermolecular polypeptide cleavage in Escherichia coli

Using as substrates a series of chimeric proteins containing various fragments of the hepatitis C virus precursor polyprotein between Escherichia coli maltose binding protein and dihydrofolate reductase, we analyzed the substrate requirements of hepatitis C viral serine proteinase (Cpro-2) for intermolecular polypeptide cleavage in E. coli. Cpro-2-dependent substrate cleavage was observed in E. coli cells simultaneously transformed with expression plasmids for the Cpro-2 molecule and substrate protein. The cleavage sites were estimated by determining the amino (N)-terminal amino acid sequences of dihydrofolate reductase-fused processed products purified partially by affinity chromatography from the lysates, indicating that cleavage occurred at sites identical to those observed in eukaryotic cells. Mutation analysis using the chimeric substrate indicated that the presence of cysteine and small uncharged residues at positions P1 and P1', respectively, of the putative cleavage site is necessary for cleavage and that acidic residues in the region upstream of the cleavage site are required for efficient cleavage.
Homeplug-AV CSMA/CA Evaluation in a Real In-Building Scenario

This letter proposes an extension of the HomePlug-AV CSMA/CA mathematical model. The existing models do not take into account the existence of different transmission rates between each transmitter-receiver pair. These differences are due to the modulation and coding used by the transmitter to overcome the channel limitations. The proposed model is evaluated by means of simulation in an in-building scenario.
Adaptor protein p62 promotes skin tumor growth and metastasis and is induced by UVA radiation

Skin cancer is the most common cancer, and exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, namely UVA and UVB, is the major risk factor for skin cancer development. UVA is significantly less effective in causing direct DNA damage than UVB, but UVA has been shown to increase skin cancer risk. The mechanism by which UVA contributes to skin cancer remains unclear. Here, using RNA-Seq, we show that UVA induces autophagy and lysosomal gene expression, including the autophagy receptor and substrate p62. We found that UVA activates transcription factor EB (TFEB), a known regulator of autophagy and lysosomal gene expression, which, in turn, induces p62 transcription. Next, we identified a novel relationship between p62 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a prostaglandin synthase critical for skin cancer development. COX-2 expression was up-regulated by UVA-induced p62, suggesting that p62 plays a role in UVA-induced skin cancer. Moreover, we found that p62 stabilizes COX-2 protein through the p62 ubiquitin-associated domain and that p62 regulates prostaglandin E2 production in vitro. In a syngeneic squamous cell carcinoma mouse model, p62 knockdown inhibited tumor growth and metastasis. Furthermore, p62-deficient tumors exhibited reduced immune cell infiltration and increased cell differentiation. Because prostaglandin E2 is known to promote pro-tumorigenic immune cell infiltration, increase proliferation, and inhibit keratinocyte differentiation in vivo, this work suggests that UVA-induced p62 acts through COX-2 to promote skin tumor growth and progression. These findings expand our understanding of UVA-induced skin tumorigenesis and tumor progression and suggest that targeting p62 can help prevent or treat UVA-associated skin cancer.
Hippocampal GABA and glutamate transporter immunoreactivity in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy

Objective: Sodium-coupled transporters remove extracellular neurotransmitters and alterations in their function could enhance or suppress synaptic transmission and seizures. This study determined hippocampal gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate transporter immunoreactivity (IR) in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients. Methods: Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) patients (n = 25) and non-HS cases (mass lesion and cryptogenic; n = 20) were compared with nonseizure autopsies (n = 8). Hippocampal sections were studied for neuron densities along with IR for glutamate decarboxylase (GAD; presynaptic GABA terminals), GABA transporter-1 (GAT-1; presynaptic GABA transporter), GAT-3 (astrocytic GABA transporter), excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3; postsynaptic glutamate transporter), and EAAT2-1 (glial glutamate transporters). Results: Compared with autopsies, non-HS cases with similar neuron counts showed: 1) increased GAD IR gray values (GV) in the fascia dentata outer molecular layer (OML), hilus, and stratum radiatum; 2) increased GAT-1 OML GVs; 3) increased astrocytic GAT-3 GVs in the hilus and Ammon’s horn; and 4) no IR differences for EAAT3-1. HS patients with decreased neuron densities demonstrated: 1) increased OML and inner molecular layer GAD puncta; 2) decreased GAT-1 puncta relative to GAD in the stratum granulosum and pyramidale; 3) increased GAT-1 OML GVs; 4) decreased GAT-3 GVs; 5) increased EAAT3 IR on remaining granule cells and pyramids; 6) decreased glial EAAT2 GVs in the hilus and CA1 stratum radiatum associated with neuron loss; and 7) increased glial EAAT1 GVs in CA2/3 stratum radiatum. Conclusions: Hippocampal GABA and glutamate transporter IR differ in TLE patients compared with autopsies. These data support the hypothesis that excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission and seizure susceptibility could be altered by neuronal and glial transporters in TLE patients.
Large Arachnoid Granulations Involving the Dorsal Superior Sagittal Sinus: Findings on MR Imaging and MR Venography

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Large arachnoid granulations (AG) within the dorsal superior sagittal sinus (SSS) have been incompletely characterized and can be confused with pathology. This report reviews the characteristics of these anatomic structures to establish common imaging features that allow differentiation from pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve cases of large AG in the dorsal SSS are presented, identified by MR imaging. Signal intensity characteristics, size, location, venographic appearance, and association with adjacent venous and osseous structures were documented. RESULTS: A defect in the dura of the SSS was seen in all of the cases communicating with the subjacent subarachnoid space. The average size of the AG was 8.1 × 9.4 × 10.0 mm (range, 4–19 mm). Ten produced calvarial remodeling, and 11 were in the direct vicinity of the lambda. On T2-weighted images, all were hyperintense to the brain. On T1-weighted images, 8 were hypointense and 4 were hypointense with mixed areas of isointense signal intensity. All of the AGs were associated with cortical venous structures entering the sinus. On MR venography, AGs appeared as focal protrusions into the sinus, displacing, distorting, and narrowing the sinus lumen. Seven patients had headache without other visible cause on MR imaging, and 4 were initially interpreted as thrombosis or tumor. CONCLUSION: Large AGs can occur in the dorsal SSS. They are well-defined projections of the subarachnoid space into the sinus, can cause luminal narrowing and calvarial remodeling, and have typical signal intensity characteristics, position, and morphology differentiating them from other pathology. Association with patient symptoms is uncertain.
Learning Monolingual Compositional Representations via Bilingual Supervision

Bilingual models that capture the semantics of sentences are typically only evaluated on cross-lingual transfer tasks such as cross-lingual document categorization or machine translation. In this work, we evaluate the quality of the monolingual representations learned with a variant of the bilingual compositional model of Hermann and Blunsom (2014), when viewing translations in a second language as a semantic annotation as the original language text. We show that compositional objectives based on phrase translation pairs outperform compositional objectives based on bilingual sentences and on monolingual paraphrases.