Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Child disaster mental health interventions, part I

This review of child disaster mental health intervention studies describes the techniques used in the interventions and the outcomes addressed, and it provides a preliminary evaluation of the field. The interventions reviewed here used a variety of strategies such as cognitive behavioral approaches, exposure and narrative techniques, relaxation, coping skill development, social support, psychoeducation, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, and debriefing. A diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or posttraumatic stress reactions were the most commonly addressed outcomes although other reactions such as depression, anxiety, behavior problems, fear, and/or traumatic grief also were examined. Recommendations for future research are outlined.
Anti-proliferative Effects of Ganoderma lucidum in Cell Culture on Vero

--There are studies showing anticancer effects of Ganoderma extract in herbal medicine literature. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Ganoderma lucidum on vero cancer cell line viability in cell culture. In this laboratory experimental study, we used MTT assay to determine cell viability following administration of different doses of Ganoderma lucidum in vero cell culture. The data were statically analyzed using ANOVA. The results showed that the administration of 10 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml of Ganoderma lucidum resulted in decreased viability of vero cells (P<0.05), however, 1 mg/ml of Ganoderma lucidum extract resulted in increased viability of vero cells (P<0.05). Our findings indicate that viability of vero cells in cell culture is influenced by administration of Ganoderma lucidum and based on the dose of extract the viability may be reduced or increased. Keywords--Ganoderma lucidum, Vero Cell Line, Viability.
Quantitative proteomics by amino acid labeling identifies novel NHR-49 regulated proteins in C. elegans

Stable isotope labeling by amino acids combined with mass spectrometry is a widely used methodology to quantitatively examine metabolic and signaling pathways in yeast, fruit flies, plants, cell cultures and mice. However, only metabolic labeling using 15N has been applied to examine such events in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We have recently shown that C. elegans can be completely labeled with heavy-labeled lysine by feeding worms on prelabeled lysine auxotroph Escherichia coli for just one generation. We applied this methodology to examine the organismal response to functional loss or RNAi mediated knock down of the transcription factor NHR-49, and found numerous proteins involved in lipid metabolism to be downregulated, which is consistent with its previously proposed function as a transcriptional regulator of fatty acid metabolism. The combined use of quantitative proteomics and selective gene knockdown by RNAi provides a powerful tool with broad implications for C. elegans biology.
Democratic and Inclusive Education in Iceland: Transgression and the Medical Gaze

‘Inclusive education’ and ‘democracy’ are more than buzzwords in education. They refer to official educational policy in much of the western world. Democracy as a school policy seems to be widely accepted while inclusive education is more controversial, sometimes fuelling lively public debates where parents and politicians are vocal. However, there seems to be little agreement on what ‘inclusive education’ means, although one can discern a certain core to the understanding of ‘inclusive education’ among many of those who participate in the public debate. Central to the above understanding of inclusive education and democracy are certain features that I want to draw attention to. First, what falls under the headings ‘democracy in schools’, ‘democratic education’ or ‘student democracy’, on the one hand, and ‘inclusive education’, on the other, have little to do with one another. I discuss how the medical gaze in the context of education belongs to the dominant ideology of the time and is thus prevailing without ever having to be argued for or defended. The consequence of this is, as I see it, that education (which sometimes is more training than growth) is being cast in pathological terms. I connect the idea of transgression to that of democratic school and character. Transgression is relevant in two ways here. The school has to be a place where transgression is encouraged and, secondly, it is a place where transgression is valued as a democratic virtue. Virtue here could, I think, be understood in Aristotelian terms – or even given a Socratic interpretation.
Perihematomal Diffusion Restriction in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Depends on Hematoma Volume, But Does Not Predict Outcome

Background: Perihematomal diffusion restriction (PDR) is a frequent finding in primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) on diffusion-weighted MRI. Its frequency, associated clinical and imaging findings and impact on clinical outcome are not well understood. Methods: This is a retrospective single-center analysis of 172 patients with primary ICH who received MRI within 24 h from symptom onset. PDR was defined as a reduction of apparent diffusion coefficient below 550 × 10-6 mm2/s. Multivariate regression analyses were used to assess independent imaging and clinical predictors of PDR. Clinical outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at discharge. Results: PDR was present in 88 patients (51.2%). Median PDR volume was 1.1 ml (interquartile range 0.2-4.2). Multivariate analyses identified hematoma volume as the key independent predictor of PDR. The volume of perihematomal edema, lobar hematoma location and low diastolic blood pressure at admission were further predictors. Although the occurrence of PDR correlated with in-hospital mortality (75.0 vs. 43.4%, p < 0.001) and moderately severe to severe disability or death at discharge (mRS ≥4; 56.4 vs. 27.8%, p = 0.002), PDR was not an independent predictor of clinical outcome. In contrast, hematoma volume, ventricular extension of hemorrhage and higher age independently predicted an adverse clinical outcome. Conclusions: PDR is common after primary ICH within 24 h of symptom onset. Hematoma volume was identified as the key predictor of PDR. Although PDR was associated with mortality and severe disability, this effect was confounded by established risk factors. These results do not support a role of early PDR as prognostic factor after ICH independent of hematoma volume.
The role of potential protective factors in the relationship between anger and aggression: A cross-cultural investigation

In the United States, those of Asian decent have been perceived by many as members of a non-aggressive “model minority” (Paciotti, 2005). As a result, little research has been conducted examining the Asian experiences of anger and aggression. Much of the research that has been conducted has been based upon the assumptions that: 1) Asian cultural values include the belief that aggression is unacceptable and results in serious negative consequences and 2) that these beliefs consequently serve as a protective factors against aggression in this population (e.g., Nagayama Hall, Sue, Narang, & Lilly, 2000; Nagayama Hall et al., 2005). However, the validity of these assumptions has not been examined empirically. In the present study, Caucasian and Asian/Asian American participants were asked to rate their tendencies to experience anger, their perceptions of the acceptability of and consequences for aggressing, and their engagement in aggression. The results revealed that, contrary to the predominant stereotypes, Asians/Asian Americans reported engaging in greater direct aggression and found aggression to be more acceptable than Caucasians. Furthermore, endorsement of Asian American values was related to greater reports of engagement in indirect aggression in the Asian sample; however, the belief that aggression is unacceptable served as a protective factor in the relationship between anger and indirect aggression in this group. Finally, whereas these beliefs protected those of Asian decent from engaging in direct aggression when their trait-anger was low, the anticipation of severe consequences for aggression did so when their trait-anger was high. The implications of these findings with respect our understanding of the Asian/Asian American experience, future research and clinical approaches are discussed.
Standard Compliant Hazard and Threat Analysis for the Automotive Domain

The automotive industry has successfully collaborated to release the ISO 26262 standard for developing safe software for cars. The standard describes in detail how to conduct hazard analysis and risk assessments to determine the necessary safety measures for each feature. However, the standard does not concern threat analysis for malicious attackers or how to select appropriate security countermeasures. We propose the application of ISO 27001 for this purpose and show how it can be applied together with ISO 26262. We show how ISO 26262 documentation can be re-used and enhanced to satisfy the analysis and documentation demands of the ISO 27001 standard. We illustrate our approach based on an electronic steering column lock system.
Associations between Dietary Intake and Academic Achievement in College Students: A Systematic Review

The impact of diet on academic achievement is a growing area of research. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the current evidence examining dietary intake and academic achievement in college/university students. Eight electronic databases were searched for studies published in English to January 2016. To be included, studies must have been conducted in higher education (i.e., college, university) students, reported measures of dietary intake and academic achievement, and reported the association between these. Data were extracted using a standardised tool, and studies were assessed for methodological quality. Seven studies were included, with four rated as positive quality, and the remaining three rated as neutral. Most studies were cross-sectional (n = 4), and conducted in America (n = 5). The most common dietary outcomes were fruit and vegetable (n = 3), and breakfast consumption (n = 3). Standardised grade point average (GPA) was the most common measure of academic achievement (n = 4). Five studies reported small to moderate significant positive associations between diet and academic achievement, including for breakfast, regular meal consumption, and meeting national recommendations for fruit intake. This review examines the current evidence regarding diet and academic achievement in college/university students. The results demonstrate that few studies exist in this population group. Future studies should consider the use of validated dietary assessment methods, comprehensive measures of overall diet, and use standardised assessment and reporting of academic outcomes.
Exploring the Borderlands: Elementary School Teachers’ Navigation of Immigration Practices in a New Latino Diaspora Community

ABSTRACT Drawing primarily on interview data from a 5-year ethnography on the school experiences of Mexican immigrant children in a New Latino Diaspora community, we explore how their teachers understood and responded to increasing deportation-based immigration practices affecting children’s lives. We illustrate how teachers fell along a continuum regarding their desire and success in pushing beyond their comfort zones to create spaces in which they learned from, and built on, students’ immigration experiences. We argue for teacher education that prepares educators to become border crossers who engage with aspects of difference, such as immigration status, that are rarely discussed in schools.
Association of Benign Recurrent Vertigo and Migraine in 208 Patients

The aim of this study was to determine the association of benign recurrent vertigo (BRV) and migraine, using standardized questionnaire-based interview of 208 patients with BRV recruited through a University Neurotology clinic. Of 208 patients with BRV, 180 (87%) met the International Classification of Headache Disorders 2004 criteria for migraine: 112 migraine with aura (62%) and 68 without aura (38%). Twenty-eight (13%) did not meet criteria for migraine. Among patients with migraine, 70% experienced headache, one or more auras, photophobia, or auditory symptoms with some or all of their vertigo attacks, meeting the criteria for definite migrainous vertigo. Thirty per cent never experienced migraine symptoms concurrent with vertigo attacks. These met criteria for probable migrainous vertigo. Among patients without migraine, 21% experienced either photophobia or auditory symptoms with some or all of their vertigo attacks; 79% experienced only isolated vertigo. The age of onset and duration of vertigo attacks did not differ significantly between patients with (34 ± 1.2 years) and patients without migraine (31 ± 3.0 years). In patients with migraine, the age of onset of migraine headache preceded the onset of vertigo attacks by an average of 14 years and aura preceded vertigo by 8 years. The most frequent duration of vertigo attacks was between 1 h and 1 day. Benign recurrent vertigo is highly associated with migraine, but a high proportion of patients with BRV and migraine never have migraine symptoms during their vertigo attacks. Other features such as age of onset and duration of vertigo are similar between patients with or without migraine.
Comparing syndromic surveillance detection methods: EARS' versus a CUSUM‐based methodology

This paper compares the performance of three detection methods, entitled C1, C2, and C3, that are implemented in the early aberration reporting system (EARS) and other syndromic surveillance systems versus the CUSUM applied to model‐based prediction errors. The cumulative sum (CUSUM) performed significantly better than the EARS' methods across all of the scenarios we evaluated. These scenarios consisted of various combinations of large and small background disease incidence rates, seasonal cycles from large to small (as well as no cycle), daily effects, and various types and levels of random daily variation. This leads us to recommend replacing the C1, C2, and C3 methods in existing syndromic surveillance systems with an appropriately implemented CUSUM method. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of preoperative statin therapy on postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing major surgery: Systemic review and meta‐analysis

We aimed to examine the association between preoperative use of statins and postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major surgery by performing a systemic review and meta‐analysis. MEDLINE and EMBASE, from inception to April 2013, and the reference lists of related articles were searched for relevant studies. Trials comparing preoperative statin therapy with no preoperative statin in patients undergoing major surgery were included. Outcome measures of interest were the risk of cumulative postoperative AKI and postoperative AKI requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT). Fixed or random effect meta‐analysis was performed to derive summary effect estimates. In five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 19 observational studies, comprising a total of 989 173 patients undergoing major surgery, 112 840 patients (11.41%) received preoperative statin therapy. The specific type, dosage, and duration of statin therapy were not available in most studies. Preoperative statin therapy was associated with a significant risk reduction for cumulative postoperative AKI (weighted summary odds ratio (OR) 0.87, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.95). The effect of risk reduction was also significant when considering postoperative AKI requiring RRT (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.90). When restricting the analysis to the five RCTs, preoperative statin therapy did not show significant protective effect on postoperative AKI (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.22 to 1.09). In patients undergoing major surgery, preoperative statin therapy could associate with a reduced risk for postoperative AKI. However, considerable heterogeneity existed among included studies. Future randomized trials were warranted for this critical clinical question.
A prospective study of insulin‐like growth factor‐I, IGF‐binding proteins‐1, ‐2 and ‐3 and lung cancer risk in women

Insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) has mitogenic and anti‐apoptotic properties and has been implicated in the development of breast, colorectum, prostate and lung cancer. IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) are not only carrier proteins for IGFs but also hold a central position in IGF ligand‐receptor interactions through influences on the bioavailability and distribution of IGFs in the extracellular environment. A case‐control study nested within the New York University Women's Health Study Cohort included 93 women diagnosed with lung cancer at least 6 months after recruitment into the study. Two controls (n = 186) were matched to each case on age, date of blood sampling, menopausal status, day of menstrual cycle and questionnaire data of smoking status at the time of blood donation. Serum IGF‐I, IGFBP‐1, ‐2 and ‐3, insulin and cotinine were measured. Mean serum levels of IGF‐I, IGFBP‐1, ‐2 and ‐3 were not significantly different between the case and control groups. Univariate logistic regression analyses showed no association of lung cancer risk with serum levels of IGF‐I or any of the IGFBPs. These results remained virtually the same in multivariate analyses, including adjustment for cotinine, time since last meal, BMI, IGF‐I or IGFBP‐3, respectively. Exclusion of cases diagnosed within 3 years of recruitment in the cohort, or restriction of the analyses to adenocarcinomas only, did not alter these results. Our study does not offer evidence in support of an association between prediagnostic serum levels of IGF‐I or IGFBP‐1, ‐2 and ‐3 and lung cancer risk in women. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Economics of Teacher Supply

This book was originally published in 1979 and deals with the contentious subject of teacher's pay. There were a number of key issues. First, and most crucial, how salary levels were affecting the aggregate supply or teachers. In other words, where teaching is a vocation so salaries make no difference, or whether pay matters. The second issue is how much difference do administered pay scales make? Lastly, could the system manage to adjust within this framework to the underlying pattern of shortage and surplus? All these questions above are subjected to systematic analysis using the complete tapes of the teachers' record for 1963â€“1972 from the Department of Education and Science. The analysis is approached with an awareness of the educational context within which the market is situated. It remains of value to anyone with an interest in education and economics.
2-Alkyl-4-hydroxymethylfuran-3-carboxylic acids, antibiotic production inducers discovered by Streptomyces coelicolor genome mining

All of the genetic elements necessary for the production of the antibiotic methylenomycin (Mm) and its regulation are contained within the 22-kb mmy-mmf gene cluster, which is located on the 356-kb linear plasmid SCP1 of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). A putative operon of 3 genes within this gene cluster, mmfLHP, was proposed to direct the biosynthesis of an A-factor-like signaling molecule, which could play a role in the regulation of Mm biosynthesis. The mmfLHP operon was expressed under the control of its native promoter in S. coelicolor M512, a host lacking the SCP1 plasmid, and the ability to produce prodiginine and actinorhodin antibiotics. Comparative metabolic profiling led to the identification and structure elucidation of a family of 5 new 2-alkyl-4-hydroxymethylfuran-3-carboxylic acids (AHFCAs), collectively termed Mm furans (MMFs), as the products of the mmfLHP genes. MMFs specifically induce the production of the Mm antibiotics in S. coelicolor. Comparative genomics analyses and searches of the natural product chemistry literature indicated that other streptomycetes may produce AHFCAs, suggesting that they could form a general class of antibiotic biosynthesis inducers in Streptomyces species, with analogous functions to the better known γ-butyrolactone regulatory molecules.
General practitioners' adherence to evidence-based guidelines: a multilevel analysis.

BACKGROUND The growing burden of chronic diseases encourages health care systems to shift services and resources toward primary care. In this sector, general practitioners (GPs) play a key role, and several collaborative organizational models have been implemented in the attempt to improve the clinical effectiveness of GPs, their adherence to evidence-based guidelines, and their capacity to work in multiprofessional teams. However, evidence of the impact of different organizational models is sparse, and little is known about the contribution of these models to the good management of chronic diseases. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of individual sociodemographic characteristics of GPs and collaborative organizational models with the adherence of physicians to evidence-based guidelines for four major chronic diseases (diabetes, heart failure, stroke, and post-acute myocardial infarction). METHODOLOGY Evidence-based indicators for the management of the selected chronic diseases were identified on the basis of the most recent international guidelines. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to identify the correlates of adherence to guidelines, taking into account patient characteristics and comorbidities. FINDINGS Participation in group practice was associated with different indicators of adherence to guidelines for the management of diabetes and one indicator of post-acute myocardial infarction, whereas other organizational arrangements were linked to GPs' clinical behavior to a lesser degree. Female gender and younger age of GPs were associated with good management of diabetes. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The relative impact of efforts at organizational design in primary care should be evaluated in more detail before further investments are made in this direction. Our findings suggest that the professional attitude of GPs (of which gender and age can be considered proxies) is equally, if not more, important than their organizational arrangement. Hence, attention should be paid to how organizations and managerial tools can support the consolidation and spread of this attitude.