Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A qualitative study on the use of the care programme approach with individuals with borderline personality disorder: a service user perspective.

A newly developed specialist personality disorder service in the United Kingdom arranged a focus group with seven service users with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) to explore their experiences of the Care Programme Approach (CPA) while under the care of a community mental health team. A thematic analysis generated seven themes. Understanding Borderline Personality Disorder and Understanding Recovery were highlighted as difficulties service users face, with a lack of staff understanding. They also spoke about the struggle of having a voice in their CPA meetings and the lack of information they received in the CPA process. They discussed the deliberation between progression versus consistency and moving on from services. Service users discussed the challenges of accessing treatment and lack of follow up in the CPA process. Greater service user involvement in the process would help address the dissatisfaction and disempowerment in care planning experienced by individuals diagnosed with BPD. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 51(10), 38-45. ].
Performance Analysis of Mixed-ADC Massive MIMO Systems Over Rician Fading Channels

The practical deployment of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) in the future fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems is challenging due to its high-hardware cost and power consumption. One promising solution to address this challenge is to adopt the low-resolution analog-to-digital converter (ADC) architecture. However, the practical implementation of such architecture is challenging due to the required complex signal processing to compensate the coarse quantization caused by low-resolution ADCs. Therefore, few high-resolution ADCs are reserved in the recently proposed mixed-ADC architecture to enable low-complexity transceiver algorithms. In contrast to previous works over Rayleigh fading channels, we investigate the performance of mixed-ADC massive MIMO systems over the Rician fading channel, which is more general for the 5G scenarios like Internet of Things. Specially, novel closed-form approximate expressions for the uplink achievable rate are derived for both cases of perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI). With the increasing Rician $K$ -factor, the derived results show that the achievable rate will converge to a fixed value. We also obtain the power-scaling law that the transmit power of each user can be scaled down proportionally to the inverse of the number of base station (BS) antennas for both perfect and imperfect CSI. Moreover, we reveal the tradeoff between the achievable rate and the energy efficiency with respect to key system parameters, including the quantization bits, number of BS antennas, Rician $K$ -factor, user transmit power, and CSI quality. Finally, numerical results are provided to show that the mixed-ADC architecture can achieve a better energy-rate tradeoff compared with the ideal infinite-resolution and low-resolution ADC architectures.
Reinforcement Parameters of Aligned Ellipsoidal Inclusions by the Generalized Mechanics-of-materials (GMM) Approach

The aligned ellipsoidal inclusion composite is of particular interest as the shape of the inclusion can be manipulated to conform to various reinforcing geometry, such as long fiber, short fiber, particulate, flake, lamina, continuous ribbon and discontinuous ribbon. This paper demonstrates how the Young’s Modulus of such an orthotropic material can be approximated based upon combinations of the age-old mechanics-of-materials approach. By writing the Young’s Modulus in all three principal orthogonal directions in a nondimensionalized form, the indices of the inclusion volume fraction reveals the existence of a reinforcement parameter, which ranges from zero (for minimum reinforcing shape) to unity (for maximum reinforcing shape). The reinforcement parameters are independent from material behavior of the individual phases and the inclusion concentration. Semiempirical relationships between reinforcement parameters in these three orthogonal directions and the inclusion shape are obtained by curve-fitting at special conditions. This simplified method is conveniently executable and hence suitable for design of composite products that consist of ellipsoidal, or nearly ellipsoidal inclusions.
Sensitivity of polyamine-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae to elevated temperatures

Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells that cannot synthesize spermidine or spermine because of a deletion in the gene coding for S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase are very sensitive to elevated temperatures when incubated in a polyamine-deficient medium; i.e., growth is inhibited and the cells are killed. This sensitivity is very pronounced at 39 degrees C, but a moderate effect is noted even at 33 to 34 degrees C. These findings support findings from other studies from our laboratory on the importance of polyamines in protecting cell components against damage. The sensitivity of spermidine-deficient cells to the temperature 39 degrees C provides a useful method for screening for polyamine auxotrophs.
Intraspecific competition reduces niche width in experimental populations

Intraspecific competition is believed to drive niche expansion, because otherwise suboptimal resources can provide a refuge from competition for preferred resources. Competitive niche expansion is well supported by empirical observations, experiments, and theory, and is often invoked to explain phenotypic diversification within populations, some forms of speciation, and adaptive radiation. However, some foraging models predict the opposite outcome, and it therefore remains unclear whether competition will promote or inhibit niche expansion. We conducted experiments to test whether competition changes the fitness landscape to favor niche expansion, and if competition indeed drives niche expansion as expected. Using Tribolium castaneum flour beetles fed either wheat (their ancestral resource), corn (a novel resource) or mixtures of both resources, we show that fitness is maximized on a mixed diet. Next, we show that at higher population density, the optimal diet shifts toward greater use of corn, favoring niche expansion. In stark contrast, when beetles were given a choice of resources, we found that competition caused niche contraction onto the ancestral resource. This presents a puzzling mismatch between how competition alters the fitness landscape, versus competition's effects on resource use. We discuss several explanations for this mismatch, highlighting potential reasons why optimality models might be misleading.
An Assessment of the Repeatability of Automatic Forest Inventory Metrics Derived From UAV-Borne Laser Scanning Data

We assessed the reproducibility of forest inventory metrics derived from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) laser scanning (UAVLS) system. A total of 82 merged point clouds were captured over six 500-m2 plots within a Eucalyptus globulus plantation forest in Tasmania, Australia. Terrain and understory height, together with plot- and tree-level metrics, were extracted from the UAVLS point clouds using automated methods and compared across the multiple point clouds. The results show that measurements of terrain and understory height and plot-level metrics can be reproduced with adequate repeatability for change detection purposes. At the tree level, the high-density data collected by the UAV provided estimates of tree location (mean deviation (MD) of less than 0.48 m) and tree height (MD of 0.35 m) with high precision. This precision is comparable to that of ground-based field measurement techniques. The estimates of crown area and crown volume were found to be dependent on the segmentation routine and, as such, were measured with lower repeatability. The precision of the metrics found within this paper demonstrates the applicability of UAVs as a platform for performing sample-based forest inventories.
Hyaluronan and Hyaluronan Binding Proteins Are Normal Components of Mouse Pancreatic Islets and Are Differentially Expressed by Islet Endocrine Cell Types

The pancreatic islet comprises endocrine, vascular, and neuronal cells. Signaling among these cell types is critical for islet function. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key regulator of cell-cell signals, and while some islet ECM components have been identified, much remains unknown regarding its composition. We investigated whether hyaluronan, a common ECM component that may mediate inflammatory events, and molecules that bind hyaluronan such as versican, tumor necrosis factor–stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6), and components of inter-α-trypsin inhibitor (IαI), heavy chains 1 and 2 (ITIH1/ITIH2), and bikunin, are normally produced in the pancreatic islet. Mouse pancreata and isolated islets were obtained for microscopy (with both paraformaldehyde and Carnoy’s fixation) and mRNA. Hyaluronan was present predominantly in the peri-islet ECM, and hyaluronan synthase isoforms 1 and 3 were also expressed in islets. Versican was produced in α cells; TSG-6 in α and β cells; bikunin in α, β, and δ cells; and ITIH1/ITIH2 predominantly in β cells. Our findings demonstrate that hyaluronan, versican, TSG-6, and IαI are normal islet components and that different islet endocrine cell types contribute these ECM components. Thus, dysfunction of either α or β cells likely alters islet ECM composition and could thereby further disrupt islet function.
Dysplasticity, metaplasticity, and schizophrenia: Implications for risk, illness, and novel interventions

Abstract In this paper, we review the history of the concept of neuroplasticity as it relates to the understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders, using schizophrenia as a case in point. We briefly review the myriad meanings of the term neuroplasticity, and its neuroscientific basis. We then review the evidence for aberrant neuroplasticity and metaplasticity associated with schizophrenia as well as the risk for developing this illness, and discuss the implications of such understanding for prevention and therapeutic interventions. We argue that the failure and/or altered timing of plasticity of critical brain circuits might underlie cognitive and deficit symptoms, and may also lead to aberrant plastic reorganization in other circuits, leading to affective dysregulation and eventually psychosis. This “dysplastic” model of schizophrenia can suggest testable etiology and treatment-relevant questions for the future.
ANALYSIS OF INBREEDING DEPRESSION IN MIXED‐MATING PLANTS PROVIDES EVIDENCE FOR SELECTIVE INTERFERENCE AND STABLE MIXED MATING

Hermaphroditic individuals can produce both selfed and outcrossed progeny, termed mixed mating. General theory predicts that mixed‐mating populations should evolve quickly toward high rates of selfing, driven by rapid purging of genetic load and loss of inbreeding depression (ID), but the substantial number of mixed‐mating species observed in nature calls this prediction into question. Lower average ID reported for selfing than for outcrossing populations is consistent with purging and suggests that mixed‐mating taxa in evolutionary transition will have intermediate ID. We compared the magnitude of ID from published estimates for highly selfing (r > 0.8), mixed‐mating (0.2 ≤r≥ 0.8), and highly outcrossing (r < 0.2) plant populations across 58 species. We found that mixed‐mating and outcrossing taxa have equally high average lifetime ID (δ= 0.58 and 0.54, respectively) and similar ID at each of four life‐cycle stages. These results are not consistent with evolution toward selfing in most mixed‐mating taxa. We suggest that prevention of purging by selective interference could explain stable mixed mating in many natural populations. We identify critical gaps in the empirical data on ID and outline key approaches to filling them.
Trade Liberalization and Industrial Restructuring through Mergers and Acquisitions ( JOB MARKET PAPER )

This paper analyzes mergers and acquisitions (M&A) as a previously neglected channel of industrial restructuring in the face of trade liberalization. Using the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement of 1989 as a natural experiment, I show that trade liberalization leads to a signi cant increase in M&A activity. I also provide evidence that resources are transferred from less to more productive rms in the process and that the magnitude of the overall transfer is quantitatively important. Taken together, these results suggest that M&A is an important alternative to the previously studied adjustment channels of rm and establishment closure and contraction. This has strong implications for the design of competition policy in the wake of trade liberalizations since M&A may o¤er a more e¢ cient way of transferring resources than contraction and closure of low productivity rms combined with internal growth of more e¢ cient rms.
Distributed Methods for Constrained Nonconvex Multi-Agent Optimization-Part I: Theory

In this two-part paper, we propose a general algorithmic framework for the minimization of a nonconvex smooth function subject to nonconvex smooth constraints. The algorithm solves a sequence of (separable) strongly convex problems and mantains feasibility at each iteration. Convergence to a stationary solution of the original nonconvex optimization is established. Our framework is very general and flexible; it unifies several existing Successive Convex Approximation (SCA)-based algorithms such as (proximal) gradient or Newton type methods, block coordinate (parallel) descent schemes, difference of convex functions methods, and improves on their convergence properties. More importantly, and differently from current SCA approaches, it naturally leads to distributed and parallelizable implementations for a large class of nonconvex problems. This Part I is devoted to the description of the framework in its generality. In Part II we customize our general methods to several multi-agent optimization problems, mainly in communications and networking; the result is a new class of (distributed) algorithms that compare favorably to existing ad-hoc (centralized) schemes (when they exist).
Resolution of inflammation: an integrated view

Resolution of inflammation is a coordinated and active process aimed at restoration of tissue integrity and function. This review integrates the key molecular and cellular mechanisms of resolution. We describe how abrogation of chemokine signalling blocks continued neutrophil tissue infiltration and how apoptotic neutrophils attract monocytes and macrophages to induce their clearance. Uptake of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages reprograms macrophages towards a resolving phenotype, a key event to restore tissue homeostasis. Finally, we highlight the therapeutic potential that derives from understanding the mechanisms of resolution.
Broad and fine-scale genetic analysis of white-tailed deer populations: estimating the relative risk of chronic wasting disease spread

Chronic wasting disease is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of cervids, similar to sheep scrapie that has only recently been detected in wild populations of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) in western Canada. Relatively little is known about local transmission dynamics of the disease or the potential for long‐distance spread. We analysed the population genetic structure of over 2000 white‐tailed deer sampled from Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan using microsatellite profiles and mtDNA sequencing to assess the relative risk of disease spread. There was very little differentiation among subpopulations and a weak trend of increasing differentiation with geographic distance. This suggests that the potential for long‐distance disease spread through the dispersal of infected individuals is possible, yet the risk of spread should gradually diminish with distance from infection foci. Within subpopulations, females were more related than expected by chance (R > 0) within a radius of approximately 500 m. Sex‐biased philopatry and social interactions among related females may facilitate local disease transmission within social groups. Local herd reduction may therefore be an effective tool for reducing the disease prevalence when implemented at the appropriate spatial scale.
Social dimensions of adolescent substance use.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore in detail the relationship between various social aspects of young people's lives and substance use and differences in the degree of influence exerted by the different social factors as a function of age. Design, setting, participants. The study was a survey of pupils aged 11-16 in a stratified sample of five English schools. Data from 4516 participants were obtained in relation to their cigarette, alcohol and illicit drug use and their contact with the police, perceived academic achievements and future expectations, religious beliefs, family structure, the importance of family versus peer opinions and suspension from school. MEASURES Cumulative, age-specific preferences of substance misuse were compared. Logistic regression was used to rank the various risk factors. RESULTS Substantial differences were found between substance users and non-users and the various risk factors being examined. For example, of those who had only been in trouble with the police, 18.8% used illegal drugs compared with 1.6% of those who had not had a police contact and who had no other risk factors. Many of these relationships were age-sensitive. For instance, the negative relationship between belief in God and illicit drug use became stronger as age increased (non-believers: y = 8.1886x - 9.16 R(2) = 0.9484; believers: y = 5.1514x - 8.08 R(2) = 0.9247). These results suggest that, within this sample of English adolescents, there was a strong relationship between substance use and the social factors examined. Although there were differences depending upon whether cigarette, alcohol or illicit drug use was being modelled, logistic regression indicated that the social factors could be ranked in the following order of importance: concurrent use of the second and third substances, having been in trouble with the police, perceived poor academic performance and low future academic expectations, a lack of religious belief, coming from a non-intact family, favouring peer over family opinion and having been suspended from school. Many of these relationships were age-sensitive with substance use peaking at age 15. CONCLUSION The models and relationships presented in this paper show that a constellation of behaviours are related to adolescent substance use. Also demonstrated is that behaviours cannot be considered in isolation, but need to be examined from an holistic or biopsychosocial standpoint. These relationships are complex and future research should consider not only causality of adolescent substance use, but also of the aetiology of the satellite behaviours.
Women's expectations and experience of birth

This was an exploratory study with three aims: (1) to examine the relationship during pregnancy between expectations of birth and symptoms of anxiety; (2) to examine the relationship between expectations and subsequent experience of birth; (3) to examine the effect of parity on expectations and experience. A prospective postal questionnaire study was carried out among 289 pregnant women who completed the measures of expectations of birth (e.g., expectations of obstetric events, emotions, control, support, pain etc.), trait and state anxiety during the 36th week of pregnancy. One week after birth, these women completed a questionnaire about their birth experience. The results found that anxiety in pregnancy was associated with expecting less positive emotion during birth, more negative emotion during birth, less control and less support during birth. Expectations were positively related to the birth experience. For example, women who expected high levels of control also experienced high levels of control during birth, although in general the correlation coefficients were low. Some aspects of women's experience were significantly different to their expectations, although these differences were no longer significant when trait anxiety was controlled for. Finally, some differences were observed between nulliparas and multiparas in both expectations and experience of birth, although primiparas were not always more ‘inaccurate’ in their expectations. These results are discussed here and suggestions for future research are made.
Habitat Mapping of the Leopard Cat ( Prionailurus bengalensis ) in South Korea Using GIS

The purpose of this study was to create maps of potentially sustainable leopard cat ( Prionailurus bengalensis ) habitats for all of South Korea. The leopard cat, which is on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, is the only member of the Felidae family in Korea. To create habitat potential maps, we selected various environmental factors potentially affecting the species’ distribution from a spatial database derived from geographic information system (GIS) data: elevation, slope, distance from a forest stand, road, or drainage, timber type, age, and land cover. We analyzed the spatial relationships between the distribution of the leopard cat and the environmental factors using a frequency ratio model and a logistic regression model. We then overlaid these relationships to produce a habitat potential map with a species potential index (SPI) value. Of the total number of known leopard cat locations, we used 50% for mapping and the remaining 50% for model validation. Our models were relatively successful and showed a high level of accuracy during model validation with existing locations (frequency ratio model 82.15%; logistic regression model 81.48%). The maps can be used to manage and monitor the habitat of mammal species and top predators.
Unraveling the Links Between the Initiation of Ventilation and Brain Injury in Preterm Infants

The initiation of ventilation in the delivery room is one of the most important but least controlled interventions a preterm infant will face. Tidal volumes (V T) used in the neonatal intensive care unit are carefully measured and adjusted. However, the V Ts that an infant receives during resuscitation are usually unmonitored and highly variable. Inappropriate V Ts delivered to preterm infants during respiratory support substantially increase the risk of injury and inflammation to the lungs and brain. These may cause cerebral blood flow instability and initiate a cerebral inflammatory cascade. The two pathways increase the risk of brain injury and potential life-long adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. The employment of new technologies, including respiratory function monitors, can improve and guide the optimal delivery of V Ts and reduce confounders, such as leak. Better respiratory support in the delivery room has the potential to improve both respiratory and neurological outcomes in this vulnerable population.
MAC Performance Analysis for Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Communication

The newly emerged vehicular ad hoc network adopts the contention based IEEE 802.11 DCF as its MAC. While it has been extensively studied in the stationary indoor environment (e.g., WLAN), the performance of DCF in the highly mobile vehicular environment is still unclear. On addressing this issue, we propose a simple but accurate analytical model to evaluate the throughput performance of DCF in the high speed vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications. We unveil the impacts of nodes mobility (velocity and moving directions) on the system throughput. Particularly, we show that with node velocity increasing, the throughput of DCF decreases monotonically, which demonstrates the inefficiency of DCF in the highly mobile environment. Via extensive simulations, we validate the accuracy of the developed analytical model and finally discuss the method to optimize DCF towards the maximal throughput.