Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of subsampling techniques for random subspace ensembles

This paper presents the comparison of three subsampling techniques for random subspace ensemble classifiers through an empirical study. A version of random subspace ensemble designed to address the challenges of high dimensional classification, entitled random subsample ensemble, within the voting combiner framework was evaluated for its performance for three different sampling methods which entailed random sampling without replacement, random sampling with replacement, and random partitioning. The random subsample ensemble was instantiated using three different base learners including C4.5, k-nearest neighbor, and naïve Bayes, and tested on five high-dimensional benchmark data sets in machine learning. Simulation results helped ascertain the optimal sampling technique for the ensemble, which turned out to be the sampling without replacement.
Notice of RetractionP-O Fit as an Alternative Predictor of Employee Service Performance: Do Shared Cognitions Matter?

The present study argued that traditional customer behavior studies that focused on either organizational level (e.g. HRM policy, service climate) or individual level construct (e.g. customer orientation) cannot account for the variation of service performance adequately. Aiming to increase our theoretical understanding on prediction of service outcomes, we adopted a new research construct from organizational behavior field which combined the individual characteristics of service provider and organizational characteristics of the employee located; in the other word, person-organization fit was administrated to predict front-line employee's job performance in several service industries. The new predictor showed a promising effect on predicting service provider's performance; further, based on multiple regression analysis, person-organization fit showed that it account for significant incremental variance over the traditional predictor-customer orientation on prediction of service provider' performance. We argued that promoting and cultivating P-O fit in the organizational setting would be beneficial for service industry. Finally, theoretical prospect and practical implications were discussed.
Therapeutic potential and adverse events of everolimus for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma – systematic review and meta-analysis

Everolimus is an orally administrated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor. Several large‐scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the survival benefits of everolimus at the dose of 10 mg/day for solid cancers. Furthermore, mTOR‐inhibitor‐based immunosuppression is associated with survival benefits for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have received liver transplantation. However, a low rate of tumor reduction and some adverse events have been pointed out. This review summarizes the antitumor effects and adverse events of everolimus and evaluates its possible application in advanced HCC. For the meta‐analysis of adverse events, we used the RCTs for solid cancers. The odds ratios of adverse events were calculated using the Peto method. Manypreclinical studies demonstrated that everolimus had antitumor effects such as antiproliferation and antiangiogenesis. However, some differences in the effects were observed among in vivo animal studies for HCC treatment. Meanwhile, clinical studies demonstrated that the response rate of single‐agent everolimus was low, though survival benefits could be expected. The meta‐analysis revealed the odds ratios (95% confidence interval [CI]) of stomatitis: 5.42 [4.31–6.73], hyperglycemia: 3.22 [2.37–4.39], anemia: 3.34 [2.37–4.67], pneumonitis: 6.02 [3.95–9.16], aspartate aminotransferase levels: 2.22 [1.37–3.62], and serum alanine aminotransferase levels: 2.94 [1.72–5.02], respectively. Everolimus at the dose of 10 mg/day significantly increased the risk of the adverse events. In order to enable its application to the standard conventional therapies of HCC, further studies are required to enhance the antitumor effects and manage the adverse events of everolimus.
Statistical and Computational Guarantees of Lloyd's Algorithm and its Variants

Clustering is a fundamental problem in statistics and machine learning. Lloyd's algorithm, proposed in 1957, is still possibly the most widely used clustering algorithm in practice due to its simplicity and empirical performance. However, there has been little theoretical investigation on the statistical and computational guarantees of Lloyd's algorithm. This paper is an attempt to bridge this gap between practice and theory. We investigate the performance of Lloyd's algorithm on clustering sub-Gaussian mixtures. Under an appropriate initialization for labels or centers, we show that Lloyd's algorithm converges to an exponentially small clustering error after an order of $\log n$ iterations, where $n$ is the sample size. The error rate is shown to be minimax optimal. For the two-mixture case, we only require the initializer to be slightly better than random guess. In addition, we extend the Lloyd's algorithm and its analysis to community detection and crowdsourcing, two problems that have received a lot of attention recently in statistics and machine learning. Two variants of Lloyd's algorithm are proposed respectively for community detection and crowdsourcing. On the theoretical side, we provide statistical and computational guarantees of the two algorithms, and the results improve upon some previous signal-to-noise ratio conditions in literature for both problems. Experimental results on simulated and real data sets demonstrate competitive performance of our algorithms to the state-of-the-art methods.
APPLICATION OF ENERGY AND EXERGY ANALYSES TO A CI ENGINE USING BIODIESEL FUEL

In recent years, exergy analysis method has been widely used in the design, simulation and performance assessment of various types of engines for identifying losses and efficiencies. In this study, the first and second Laws of thermodynamics are employed to analyze the quantity and quality of energy in a four-cylinder, direct injection diesel engine using petroleum diesel fuel and biodiesel fuel. The experimental data were collected using steady-state tests which enable accurate measurements of air, fuel and cooling water flow rates, engine load, and all the relevant temperatures. Balances of energy and exergy rates for the engine were determined and then various performance parameters and energy and exergy efficiencies were calculated for each fuel operation and compared with each other. The results of tested biodiesel offer similar energetic performance as petroleum diesel fuel. In addition to this, the exergetic performance parameters usually follow similar trends according to the energetic performance parameters.
Poverty and Ethnicity: A Cross-Country Study of Roma Poverty in Central Europe. World Bank Technical Paper.

ROMA are the main poverty risk groups in many of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. However, information on their living conditions, and the characteristics of their poverty is scarce, fragmented, and often anecdotal. This paper analyzes data from a new cross-country household survey, conducted by the Center for Comparative Research, at Yale University. The survey is the first of its kind which addresses the ethnic dimension of poverty across countries, covering Roma in Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania. The paper finds that welfare among Roma households is significantly lower than that of non-Roma, in terms of both material deprivation (consumption and income), and other measures of deprivation, including housing status, education levels, and employment opportunities. Multivariate analysis confirm that, controlling for other household characteristics, there is a strong negative association between Roma ethnicity, and welfare. A large part of this association appears to be due to differences in endowments, and opportunities, but there is also an important component that is "structural". This component may reflect the influence of past, and present discrimination, exclusion, and cultural factors which may affect access to public services, e.g., through language barriers.
Ask a question! How Italian children with cochlear implants produce subject and object wh- questions

Syntax is impaired in individuals with cochlear implants (CIs). Several studies have shown that Italian speaking children fitted with CIs have troubles with relative clauses (Volpato and Adani 2009, Volpato 2010, Volpato 2012, Volpato and Vernice 2014), sentences containing clitic pronouns (Guasti et al. 2014), and wh-questions (Volpato and D’Ortenzio 2017). The aim of this study is to provide a detailed analysis of the production of wh-questions by a group of 13 Italian-speaking children fitted with CIs, and to compare their performance with a group of 13 typically developing children matched on comparable chronological age. Accuracy is lower in the group of children with CIs than in controls, but no significant difference was found between the two groups. However, much individual variability was observed. Some children with CIs showed good competence of Italian. Other children produce ungrammatical sentences, which is evidence of the linguistic delay associated to hearing impairment, even when they are fitted with CIs.
Mixed Low-precision Deep Learning Inference using Dynamic Fixed Point

We propose a cluster-based quantization method to convert pre-trained full precision weights into ternary weights with minimal impact on the accuracy. In addition, we also constrain the activations to 8-bits thus enabling sub 8-bit full integer inference pipeline. Our method uses smaller clusters of N filters with a common scaling factor to minimize the quantization loss, while also maximizing the number of ternary operations. We show that with a cluster size of N=4 on Resnet-101, can achieve 71.8% TOP-1 accuracy, within 6% of the best full precision results while replacing ~85% of all multiplications with 8-bit accumulations. Using the same method with 4-bit weights achieves 76.3% TOP-1 accuracy which within 2% of the full precision result. We also study the impact of the size of the cluster on both performance and accuracy, larger cluster sizes N=64 can replace ~98% of the multiplications with ternary operations but introduces significant drop in accuracy which necessitates fine tuning the parameters with retraining the network at lower precision. To address this we have also trained low-precision Resnet-50 with 8-bit activations and ternary weights by pre-initializing the network with full precision weights and achieve 68.9% TOP-1 accuracy within 4 additional epochs. Our final quantized model can run on a full 8-bit compute pipeline, with a potential 16x improvement in performance compared to baseline full-precision models.
Salient Object Detection via Weighted Low Rank Matrix Recovery

Image-based salient object detection is a useful and important technique, which can promote the efficiency of several applications such as object detection, image classification/retrieval, object co-segmentation, and content-based image editing. In this letter, we present a novel weighted low-rank matrix recovery (WLRR) model for salient object detection. In order to facilitate efficient salient objects-background separation, a high-level background prior map is estimated by employing the property of the color, location, and boundary connectivity, and then this prior map is ensembled into a weighting matrix which indicates the likelihood that each image region belongs to the background. The final salient object detection task is formulated as the WLRR model with the weighting matrix. Both quantitative and qualitative experimental results on three challenging datasets show competitive results as compared with 24 state-of-the-art methods.
Characterization of Transcriptome Remodeling during Cambium Formation Identifies MOL1 and RUL1 As Opposing Regulators of Secondary Growth

Cell-to-cell communication is crucial for the development of multicellular organisms, especially during the generation of new tissues and organs. Secondary growth—the lateral expansion of plant growth axes—is a highly dynamic process that depends on the activity of the cambium. The cambium is a stem cell–like tissue whose activity is responsible for wood production and, thus, for the establishment of extended shoot and root systems. Attempts to study cambium regulation at the molecular level have been hampered by the limitations of performing genetic analyses in trees and by the difficulty of accessing this tissue in model systems such as Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we describe the roles of two receptor-like kinases, REDUCED IN LATERAL GROWTH1 (RUL1) and MORE LATERAL GROWTH1 (MOL1), as opposing regulators of cambium activity. Their identification was facilitated by a novel in vitro system in which cambium formation is induced in isolated Arabidopsis stem fragments. By combining this system with laser capture microdissection, we characterized transcriptome remodeling in a tissue- and stage-specific manner and identified series of genes induced during different phases of cambium formation. In summary, we provide a means for investigating cambium regulation in unprecedented depth and present two signaling components that control a process responsible for the accumulation of a large proportion of terrestrial biomass.
The first second of SN1987A neutrino emission

A large fraction of SN1987A electron antineutrino events has been recorded in the first second. We study how this observation fits into the conventional paradigm for neutrino emission, and show that there is a 3.2 sigma hint for an initial accretion phase. This phase involves a large fraction of the energy emitted in neutrinos and antineutrinos, about 20 % or larger. The occurrence of neutrino oscillations strengthens these inferences. We discuss why three flavor oscillations with normal mass hierarchy are completely acceptable, whereas oscillations with inverted mass hierarchy require more troublesome interpretations, if theta(13) is above 0.5-1 degrees.
Examining the Relationships Between Gratitude and Spiritual and Religious Identification Among Collegiate Athletes

Salient aspects of an athlete’s identity hold implications for how sport psychology practitioners conceptualize and intervene on both the mental health and performance realms of the athlete person. Given that spirituality, religiosity, and gratitude have been associated in previous literature, the current study examined whether athletes differed in dispositional gratitude based on their spiritual and religious identification. Results indicated that among 331 NCAA Division I-III athletes, those who identified as both spiritual and religious scored significantly higher in dispositional gratitude than self-identified spiritual/non-religious and non-spiritual/non-religious athletes. Non-spiritual/non-religious and spiritual/non-religious athletes did not significantly differ in levels of gratitude. Findings and limitations of the current study warrant further investigation on this topic, and recommendations for future research and practice are provided.
Experimental fault characterization of doubly fed induction machines for wind power generation

For modern large wind farms, it is interesting to design an efficient diagnosis system oriented to wind turbine generators based on doubly-fed induction machine (DFIM). Intensive research effort has been focused on the signature analysis to predict or detect electrical and mechanical faults in induction machines. Different signals can be used, voltage, current, stray flux. In the case of wind generators, considering that both the machine signals and the control signals are accessible, for diagnostic purposes, there are interesting additional possibilities, for example the use of the converter modulating voltages. In this paper, a complete system is analyzed by suitable simulations and experimentations to deeply study fault influence and to identify the best diagnostic procedure to perform predictive maintenance
The Costs of Teenage Out-of-Wedlock Childbearing : Analysis with a Fixed-Effect Propensity Score Matching Estimator

Teen out-of-wedlock mothers have lower education and earnings than peers who have children later. This study uses the National Educational Longitudinal Survey of 1988 (NELS) to examine the extent to which the apparent effects of out-of-wedlock teen fertility are not causal, but are due to pre-existing disadvantages of the young women and their families. We use a novel fixed-effect matching method to study this problem. We find that mothers-to-be were substantially disadvantaged before their teen out-of-wedlock fertility. At the same time, we cannot rule out that out-of-wedlock fertility reduces education substantially, although far less than the cross-sectional comparisons of means suggest. Acknowledgment: Paul Gertler and Bryan Lincoln were quite helpful. The second author will make code available to interested replicators. 1 Our most serious social problem [is] the epidemic of teen pregnancies and births where there is no marriage. -President Clinton, 1995 State of the Union Address While teen mothers are very likely to live in poverty and experience other forms of adversity, our results imply that little of this would be changed just by getting teen mothers to delay their childbearing into adulthood. -Hotz, Sanders and McElroy, 1999 As the authors of both of the quotations above agree, teen mothers have lower average education and earnings than peers who have children later. At the same time, several studies find that much of the apparent bad effects of teen parenthood are not causal (Geronimus and Korenman, 1992 and 1993; Hotz, Mullin, and Sanders, 1997, Hoffman, et al., 1993a, b; Hotz, Sanders and McElroy, 1999). That is, most teen mothers were disadvantaged before motherhood. On average, if these young mothers had delayed childbearing, it would not have avoided all the poor outcomes for themselves or their children. A key question is how much (if any) of the correlations are causal. Surprisingly, some analyses cannot reject that none of the disadvantage of teen mothers is due to young motherhood; it is perfectly possible that all the many disadvantages appear to be due to pre-existing disadvantages. This study uses the National Education Longitudinal Survey (NELS) of 1988 to examine how much of the links between teen out-of-wedlock fertility and the young mothers= poor outcomes could have been predicted using pre-motherhood characteristics of the young women. We examine these issues using both parametric methods and a novel fixed-effects semi-nonparametric method based on matching. Theory and Methods The vast literature on teen pregnancies, as well as previous research with the NELS dataset we examine here, leads us to believe that young women who will become teen out-of-wedlock mothers had low observable predictors of their outcomes prior to their first childbirth. Moreover, in part due to these
A novel relaxase homologue is involved in chromosomal DNA processing for type IV secretion in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

The Neisseria gonorrhoeae type IV secretion system secretes chromosomal DNA that acts in natural transformation. To examine the mechanism of DNA processing for secretion, we made mutations in the putative relaxase gene traI and used nucleases to characterize the secreted DNA. The nuclease experiments demonstrated that the secreted DNA is single‐stranded and blocked at the 5′ end. Mutation of traI identified Tyr93 as required for DNA secretion, while substitution of Tyr201 resulted in intermediate levels of DNA secretion. TraI exhibits features of relaxases, but also has features that are absent in previously characterized relaxases, including an HD phosphohydrolase domain and an N‐terminal hydrophobic region. The HD domain residue Asp120 was required for wild‐type levels of DNA secretion. Subcellular localization studies demonstrated that the TraI N‐terminal region promotes membrane interaction. We propose that Tyr93 initiates DNA processing and Tyr201 is required for termination or acts in DNA binding. Disruption of an inverted‐repeat sequence eliminated DNA secretion, suggesting that this sequence may serve as the origin of transfer for chromosomal DNA secretion. The TraI domain architecture, although not previously described, is present in 53 uncharacterized proteins, suggesting that the mechanism of TraI function is a widespread process for DNA donation.
Framework for using grocery data for early detection of bio-terrorism attacksa

Early detection of epidemics and bio-terrorism attacks is of great concern to public health. There are many sources of data that might be used for early detection. The main goal of this project is to investigate the possibility of detecting epidemics and bio-terrorism early by analyzing trends in consumer grocery purchases. This type of data has two main advantages: rst, we expect grocery data to have an earlier signal of an outbreak, since people tend to seek self treatment of symptoms before they reach a doctor or a hospital. Second, grocery data are much richer and are available on a more re ned scale than epidemiological data, that were previously the main source of information used for detection purposes. This paper introduces a framework that combines techniques from signal processing, forecasting and quality control to increase the sensitivity of the system and the rate of detection. Over-thecounter medication purchases were extracted from grocery data and used for experiments. This paper shows that grocery data can be used for the timely detection of epidemics and bio-terrorism attacks. The automated framework developed here is a rst step towards a new generation of systems based on non-speci c syndrome data, i.e. data collected for purposes other than medical analysis. There is a hope that this work will have signi cant impact on the evolution of early detection and consequently on computer-based surveillance (CBS) systems. aMatlab code for Automated Framework is available at http://cs.cmu. edu/~anya/BTproject/code/