Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimum Strategies for Monitoring the Operational Status of a Spacecraft

The design of a spacecraft-monitoring system based on a Neyman–Pearson detection criterion is discussed. Each noncatastrophic state of the spacecraft is indicated by the transmission of a specific signal to the ground station. Complete failure of the spacecraft is indicated by the transmission of no signal. The set of signals chosen to represent the spacecraft states consists of a group of orthogonally spaced (in frequency) carriers each with unknown (random) phase. Receiver structures derived from maximum-likelihood considerations are proposed that provide suitable performance in the presence of frequency uncertainty (due to Doppler) and frequency rate uncertainty (due to oscillator drift). Numerical results are obtained from a combination of analysis and simulation and indicate the trade-offs among the various receiver structures between performance and implementation complexity.
Does age affect gastric emptying time? A model‐based meta‐analysis of data from premature neonates through to adults

Purpose. Gastric emptying (GE) is often reported to be slower and more irregular in premature neonates than in older children and adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of age and other covariates on the rate of GE. Methods. The effect of age on the mean gastric residence times (MGRT) of liquid and solid food was assessed by analysing 49 published studies of 1457 individuals, aged from 28 weeks gestation to adults. The data were modelled using the nonlinear mixed‐effects approach within NONMEM version 7.2 (ICON, Dublin, Ireland), with evaluation of postnatal age, gestational age and meal type as covariates. A double Weibull function was selected as a suitable model since it could account for the typical biphasic nature of GE. Results. Age was not a significant covariate for GE but meal type was. Aqueous solutions were associated with the fastest emptying time (mean simulated gastric residence time of 45 min) and solid food was associated with the slowest (98 min). Conclusions. These findings challenge the assertion that GE is different in neonates, as compared with older children and adults due to age, and they reinforce the significance of food type in modulating GE. © 2015 The Authors. Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Self-perceived effects of Internet pornography use, genital appearance satisfaction, and sexual self-esteem among young Scandinavian adults

This study examined the associations among the frequency of viewing Internet pornography, beliefs about how realistically pornography portrays sex, self-perceived effects of one’s pornography use, genital appearance satisfaction, and sexual self-esteem in young adults. Online data were collected from four convenience samples of university students from Norway and Sweden, members of a queer youth organization, and readers of an erotic magazine. Because of cultural similarities and the comparable magnitude and patterns of the bivariate correlations among the samples on the study variables, they were pooled into a single sample (N = 1,274). The majority of men (81.1%) and a minority of women (18.1%) reported at least weekly use of Internet pornography on their personal computers, whereas using a mobile phone or tablet was less common. Most of the participants had sought mainstream pornographic content. Those with a stronger belief in pornographic realism were more likely to perceive the effect of pornography use positively. A hypothesized relationship between self-perceived positive effects of pornography use and a higher level of sexual self-esteem was found for men but not for women. This result was partially due to higher satisfaction with genital appearance among the men who mainly watched mainstream pornography. Genital appearance satisfaction was linked to higher sexual self-esteem for women, but it was not related to the self-perceived effect of pornography use. The results indicate that pornography may expand personal sexual scripts for both men and women, and may have a positive, although modest, influence on the sexual self-esteem of young male adults.
Direct Injection of CRISPR/Cas9-Related mRNA into Cytoplasm of Parthenogenetically Activated Porcine Oocytes Causes Frequent Mosaicism for Indel Mutations

Some reports demonstrated successful genome editing in pigs by one-step zygote microinjection of mRNA of CRISPR/Cas9-related components. Given the relatively long gestation periods and the high cost of housing, the establishment of a single blastocyst-based assay for rapid optimization of the above system is required. As a proof-of-concept, we attempted to disrupt a gene (GGTA1) encoding the α-1,3-galactosyltransferase that synthesizes the α-Gal epitope using parthenogenetically activated porcine oocytes. The lack of α-Gal epitope expression can be monitored by staining with fluorescently labeled isolectin BS-I-B4 (IB4), which binds specifically to the α-Gal epitope. When oocytes were injected with guide RNA specific to GGTA1 together with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and human Cas9 mRNAs, 65% (24/37) of the developing blastocysts exhibited green fluorescence, although almost all (96%, 23/24) showed a mosaic fluorescent pattern. Staining with IB4 revealed that the green fluorescent area often had a reduced binding activity to IB4. Of the 16 samples tested, six (five fluorescent and one non-fluorescent blastocysts) had indel mutations, suggesting a correlation between EGFP expression and mutation induction. Furthermore, it is suggested that zygote microinjection of mRNAs might lead to the production of piglets with cells harboring various mutation types.
Model Theory with Applications to Algebra and Analysis: A survey on groups definable in o-minimal structures

Groups definable in o-minimal structures have been studied for the last twenty years. The starting point of all the development is Pillay’s theorem that a definable group is a definable group manifold (see Section 2). This implies that when the group has the order type of the reals, we have a real Lie group. The main lines of research in the subject so far have been the following: (1) Interpretability, motivated by an o-minimal version of Cherlin’s conjecture on groups of finite Morley rank (see Sections 4 and 3). (2) The study of the Euler characteristic and the torsion, motivated by a question of Y.Peterzil and C.Steinhorn and results of A.Strzebonski (see Sections 6 and 5). (3) Pillay’s conjectures (see Sections 8 and 7). On interpretability, we have a clear view, with final results in Theorems 4.1 and 4.3 below. Lines of research (2) and (3) can be seen as a way of comparing definable groups with real Lie groups (see Section 2). The best results on the Euler characteristic are those of Theorems 6.3 and 6.5. The study of the torsion begins the study of the algebraic properties of definable groups, and the best result about the algebraic structure of the torsion
CBS: A New Classification Method by Using Sequential Patterns

Data classification is an important topic in data mining field due to the wide applications. A number of related methods have been proposed based on the wellknown learning models like decision tree or neural network. However, these kinds of classification methods may not perform well in mining time sequence datasets like time-series gene expression data. In this paper, we propose a new data mining method, namely Classify-BySequence (CBS), for classifying large time-series datasets. The main methodology of CBS method is to integrate the sequential pattern mining with the probabilistic induction such that the inherent sequential patterns can be extracted efficiently and the classification task be done more accurately. Meanwhile, CBS method has the merit of simplicity in implementation. Through experimental evaluation, the CBS method is shown to outperform other methods greatly in the classification accuracy.
A Notch-independent function of Suppressor of Hairless during the development of the bristle sensory organ precursor cell of Drosophila

Su(H)/CBF1 is a key component of the evolutionary conserved Notch signalling pathway. It is a transcription factor that acts as a repressor in the absence of the Notch signal. If Notch signalling is activated, it associates with the released intracellular domain of the Notch receptor and acts as an activator of transcription. During the development of the mechanosensory bristles of Drosophila, a selection process called lateral inhibition assures that only a few cells are selected out of a group to become sensory organ precursors (SOP). During this process, the SOP cell is thought to suppress the same fate in its surrounding neighbours via the activation of the Notch/Su(H) pathway in these cells. We show that, although Su(H) is required to prevent the SOP fate during lateral inhibition, it is also required to promote the further development of the SOP once it is selected. Importantly, in this situation Su(H) appears to act independently of the Notch signalling pathway. We find that loss of Su(H) function leads to an arrest of SOP development because of the loss of sens expression in the SOP. Our results suggest that Su(H) acts as a repressor that suppresses the activity of one or more negative regulator(s) of sens expression. We show that this repressor activity is encoded by one or several genes of the E(spl)-complex. Our results further suggest that the position of the SOP in a proneural cluster is determined by very precise positional cues, which render the SOP insensitive to Dl.
Evidence for Inhibition Mediated by Coassembly of GABAA and GABAC Receptor Subunits in Native Central Neurons

Fast inhibition in the nervous system is commonly mediated by GABAA receptors comprised of 2α/2β/1γ subunits. In contrast, GABAC receptors containing onlyρ subunits (ρ1-ρ3) have been predominantly detected in the retina. However, here using reverse transcription-PCR and in situ hybridization we show that mRNA encoding the ρ1 subunit is highly expressed in brainstem neurons. Immunohistochemistry localized the ρ1 subunit to neurons at light and electron microscopic levels, where it was detected at synaptic junctions. Application of the GABAC receptor agonist cis-4-aminocrotonic acid (100-800 μM) requires the ρ1 subunit to elicit responses, which surprisingly are blocked independently by antagonists to GABAA (bicuculline, 10 μM) and GABAC [(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid (TPMPA); 40-160 μM] receptors. Responses to GABAC agonists were also enhanced by the GABAA receptor modulator pentobarbitone (300 μM). Spontaneous and evoked IPSPs were reduced in amplitude but never abolished by TPMPA, but were completely blocked by bicuculline. We therefore tested the hypothesis that GABAA and GABAC subunits formed a heteromeric receptor. Immunohistochemistry indicated that ρ1 and α1 subunits were colocalized at light and electron microscopic levels. Electrophysiology revealed that responses to GABAC receptor agonists were enhanced by the GABAA receptor modulator zolpidem (500 nm), which acts on the α1 subunit when the γ2 subunit is also present. Finally, coimmunoprecipitation indicated that the ρ1 subunit formed complexes that also containedα1 and γ2 subunits. Taken together these separate lines of evidence suggest that the effects of GABA in central neurons can be mediated by heteromeric complexes of GABAA and GABAC receptor subunits.
Alignment Between Business and IS Strategies: A Study of Prospectors, Analyzers, and Defenders

Alignment between business strategy and IS strategy is widely believed to improve business performance. This paper examines the impact of alignment on perceived business performance using Miles and Snow's popular classification of Defender, Analyzer, and Prospector business strategies. A priori theoretical profiles for these business strategies are developed using Venkatraman's (1989a) measure of business strategy. Theoretical profiles for IS strategies are developed in terms of four types of systems--operational support systems, market information systems, strategic decision-support systems, and interorganizational systems. Empirical data from two multirespondent surveys of 164 and 62 companies, respectively, are analyzed. Results indicate that alignment affects perceived business performance but only insome organizations. Alignment seems to influence overall business success in Prospectors and Analyzers but not in Defenders. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
A multicenter, non-interventional study to evaluate patient-reported experiences of living with psoriasis

Abstract Background: Moderate to severe plaque psoriasis (with or without psoriatic arthritis) places significant burden on patients’ lives. Objective: Explore and document patients’ experiences of living with psoriasis, including symptoms, treatments, impact on daily lives and patient-reported functioning. Methods: In a US-based, non-interventional study, narrative interviews were conducted at baseline and again within 16 weeks. In interviews, patients with moderate to severe psoriasis indicated symptoms, ranked symptoms according to level of bother and indicated areas of their lives affected by psoriasis. Transcripts of interviews were coded for themes. Measurements of psoriasis severity including BSA, PGA and PASI were recorded. Results: Symptoms reported most frequently included flaking/scaling (non-scalp areas), itching/scratching and rash, while the most bothersome symptoms were itching/scratching, flaking/scaling (non-scalp areas) and skin pain. Frequently reported impact areas were social and emotional. Conclusion: Broad-reaching interviews with patients with psoriasis show that these patients suffer in many aspects of their lives and in ways not indicated by typical psoriasis severity measures. Patients with psoriatic arthritis reported symptoms and disease-related complications at higher rates than those without arthritis. Physicians’ explorations of the effect of psoriasis on patients’ life events could aid in managing these patients.
Theory-based models enhancing the understanding of four types of elder maltreatment

Notwithstanding that elder abuse has existed since antiquity, it was only during the 1990s that society began to recognize that elder abuse is a pervasive and pernicious problem needing a systematic response. Despite this emerging attention to elder abuse and society’s dedicated efforts to address it, little attention has been given to articulating a theory-based foundation to explain the occurrence of elder maltreatment, which in turn may explain why society’s efforts have had limited success. Using the results of our research as the foundation, we present here distinct models that encapsulate four types of elder maltreatment, including one model that focuses on what transpires when two relatively distinct forms of abuse co-occur. We assert that elder maltreatment should be divided into distinct subtypes reflecting their different etiologies, risk factors, interpersonal dynamics, correlates, and consequences, and which in turn necessitate distinct societal responses. Without recognizing that this abuse occurs in the context of a relationship, understanding of elder abuse and the building of relevant models will be significantly limited. Although the application of these models has not yet been empirically tested, their articulation should enhance the understanding of elder maltreatment and promote new lines of related research and societal responses.
Targeted Ablation of Oligodendrocytes Triggers Axonal Damage

Glial dysfunction has been implicated in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study we investigated the consequences of glial and oligodendrocyte ablation on neuronal integrity and survival in Drosophila and adult mice, respectively. Targeted genetic ablation of glia was achieved in the adult Drosophila nervous system using the GAL80-GAL4 system. In mice, oligodendrocytes were depleted by the injection of diphtheria toxin in MOGi-Cre/iDTR double transgenic animals. Acute depletion of oligodendrocytes induced axonal injury, but did not cause neuronal cell death in mice. Ablation of glia in adult flies triggered neuronal apoptosis and resulted in a marked reduction in motor performance and lifespan. Our study shows that the targeted depletion of glia triggers secondary neurotoxicity and underscores the central contribution of glia to neuronal homeostasis. The models used in this study provide valuable systems for the investigation of therapeutic strategies to prevent axonal or neuronal damage.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LAW OF ARMED CONFLICT THROUGH THE JURISPRUDENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA

The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) was established by Security Council Resolution 827 of 25 May 1993. Article 1 of the ICTY Statute states: "[t]he International Tribunal shall have the power to prosecute persons responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of the former Yugoslavia since 1991 in accordance with the provisions of the present Statute. " The provisions mat follow in the ICTY Statute give the Tribunal specific subject matter jurisdiction over grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 (Article 2), violations of the laws or customs of war (Article 3), genocide (Article 4), and crimes against humanity (Article 5). The decisions and practice of the ICTY and of its sister tribunal, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) will have a significant impact on the development of the law of armed conflict Judicial decisions are a subsidiary means for die determination of rules of international law, not a source of law equivalent to treaties, custom or general principles of law. Further, there is no rule of precedent in international law as such. The decisions and practice of the ICTY, to have a positive impact on the development of the law of armed conflict, must persuade external decision makers such as foreign ministry officials, officials in international organizations, other judges, military officers, and also academic critics of their relevance and utility. Judicial decisions affect the development of the law of armed conflict insofar as they address legal lacunae (treaty negotiators can and do accept gaps in the law, judges cannot), as they add flesh to the bare bones of treaty provisions or to skeletal legal concepts such as military necessity or proportionality, and as they identify and give legitimacy to new legal developments such as emergent custom. The ICTY applies its own statute and some of its decisions will be statute dependent and of limited relevance to die general development of die law of armed conflict The ICTY has developed its own approach to procedural and evidentiary issues, topics essentially unaddressed in the law of armed conflict Further, die Tribunal is concerned exclusively with offences occurring in the territory of die former Yugoslavia. At times one might regard the various factual scenarios as having been drafted for an exceptionally difficult Jessup moot competition. One is, however,
Tasmanian Knowledge and Skill: Maladaptive Imitation or Adequate Technology?

A recent article has suggested that maintenance of complex tools and associated tasks in a group depends on the presence of skilled individuals to serve as targets for imitation. The expected number of skilled target individuals, it is argued, relates to the population size. It is predicted that population size and maximum complexity of tools and/or tasks should correlate, hence a decrease in population size could lead to maladaptive loss of skills. Data from Tasmania are said to support the argument. However, the argument neither agrees with the archaeological data from Tasmania nor ethnographic observations on hunter-gatherer societies. Instead of being an example of a group that underwent maladaptive loss, the indigenous people of Tasmania appear to have used tools sufficient for the tasks at hand. An alternative model is proposed that distinguishes between motor skills and knowledge needed to do tasks effectively and takes into account assessment of the time cost for developing skills. Loss of skills more likely relates to change in the mode of resource procurement or change in technology rather than a shortage of skilled, target individuals due to decrease in population size.
Pharmacokinetics of Caspofungin in Critically Ill Patients on Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

ABSTRACT Caspofungin pharmacokinetics was assessed in 27 critically ill patients, including 7 on continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH), 8 on continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD), and 13 not requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Caspofungin exposure during CRRT was very similar to that of the control group and comparable to that in healthy volunteers. Caspofungin clearance by CRRT was very low. Therefore, the standard dosage of caspofungin is probably adequate for critically ill patients undergoing CVVH or CVVHD.
Real-time flocking of multiple-quadrotor system of systems

The subject of this paper is a real-time flocking control of multiple quadrotors in the context of system of systems. We believe that the most challenging aspect in multiple-quadrotor control is the interaction between quadrotors through sensing and preserving safe interdistances. The final objective is a collision-free flock of multiple quadrotors while navigating to a predefined destination. For this purpose, we develop control laws that are based on the consensus theory introduced by Olfati-Saber in [1]. Our control laws are designed in order to be compatible with experimental implementation and nonlinear model of quadrotors. Simulations and experiments using four quadrotors validate the performance of the proposed control laws. The convergence of interdistances between quadrotors to a desired value are maintained while navigating to a destination point.
Effects of Note-Taking on Self-Disclosure Among Prisoners

The effects of note-taking on self-disclosure during a clinical interview among prisoners were investigated. Participants consisted of 60 male and female inmates incarcerated in a minimum security prison. Subjects within each gender were randomly assigned to either high note-taking, low note-taking or no note-taking conditions. Subjects were asked to discuss intimate information during an interview while varying levels of notes were taken. Self-disclosure was assessed using items from the Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank. A 3 x 2 ANOVA was conducted. No significant main effects were found. However, a significant interaction was found. Further analysis revealed that females in the high note-taking condition disclosed less than females in the no note-taking condition. Some theoretical and clinical implications are suggested.