Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FINDIET 2007 Survey: energy and nutrient intakes

Abstract Objective The National FINDIET surveys are carried out every 5 years to monitor dietary habits and nutrient intake of the adult Finnish population. The latest survey was carried out in 2007. Design Cross-sectional population-based study. Dietary assessment was carried out using 48 h recall interviews. A picture book of food portions was used to estimate portion sizes and the national Food Composition Database Fineli® to calculate nutrient intakes. Setting A representative sample taken in five regions in Finland. Subjects A total of 730 men and 846 women aged 24–64 years. Results The percentage contribution of fat to the total energy intake was 33 % in men and 31 % in women. The respective percentages for SFA in men and women were 13 % and 12 %, respectively, and 0·4 % for trans fatty acids in both genders. The average intakes of folate, vitamin D and fibre fell below the recommended levels, whereas the average salt intake was somewhat higher than the recommendations. Women’s diet was higher in protein, dietary fibre and sucrose compared to that of men. Conclusions According to the FINDIET 2007 Survey, the dietary habits of the adult Finnish population have headed in a positive direction overall. However, although the quality of the fats consumed has continued to improve, and the intake of salt has decreased, they still do not meet the recommended levels of intake. Similarly, the average intakes of folate and vitamin D continue to fall below the recommendations. There is also a need to increase fibre intake and to cut down the intake of sucrose.
MALE RARITY OR NOVELTY, FEMALE CHOICE BEHAVIOR, AND SEXUAL SELECTION IN THE GUPPY, POECILIA RETICULATA PETERS (PISCES: POECILIIDAE)

Female choice of competing males is implicit in any discussion of sexual selection (Darwin, 1871). It is relatively easy to find evidence, either morphological or behavioral, of intermale competition, but establishing that female choice, and hence sexual selection, is operating, is usually a more difficult matter. Because females generally invest more in brood production, they are more conservative in mating, with males competing among themselves to mate with as many females as possible (Trivers, 1972). Among species, the greater the disparity in parental investment, the higher the tendency for males to be promiscuous. Hence, in species where males contribute very little to production and rearing of offspring, intermale competition and sexual selection become more intense, and behavioral and morphological manifestations of intrasexual competition are more apparent. It only remains to establish the role of the female in choosing among competing males. The number of species in which sexual selection has been shown or implicated is too great to be reviewed adequately here. The recent volume edited by Campbell (1972) will serve to acquaint the reader with examples from many taxonomic groups. One type of sexual selection, frequency-dependent mate selection (i.e. rare male advantage), will be considered since it has direct bearing on the present study. In frequency-dependent selection, females
A novel compact antenna design for secure eHealth wireless applications

Microstrip patch antennas are becoming essential component in many emerging medical applications. The increase use of these antennas in such devices is due to a number of attractive properties of these antennas. In this paper, we present a novel design of microstrip patch antenna which can be used in mobile devices for microwave, wireless and eHealth applications. The proposed design of the antenna is based on rectangular structured slots in order to operate at multiple frequency bands. The slots are designed on the rectangular patch and fed by a microstrip feeder line. The combination of the proposed design and quarter wave transformer feeding technique allow the antenna to operate at multiple frequencies in the range of 3 - 12 GHz which is used for most of the wireless applications. It is shown that five different operating frequency bands have VSWR ≤ 2 which is an acceptable range for short to medium range wireless communication. The operating bands of frequency are: 4.7 GHz, 6.7 GHz, 8.9 GHz, 9.8 GHz and 10.9 GHz with VSWR ≤ 2. It is also observed that the gain of proposed design is higher than the conventional patch antenna which makes it more attractive choice for many applications. The proposed design ensures secure and efficient transmission as well as better transmission of input power, i.e. low values of Return Loss.
Listening to the body? How phenomenological insights can be used to explore a golfer’s experience of the physicality of her body

Based on a single case study of a Danish elite golfer, this article focuses on describing the different ways in which the golfer experiences the physicality of her body during training. The aim of the article is to explore how phenomenological insights concerning self-consciousness can be used actively in the analyses of the golfer’s descriptions to better understand how the embodied expertise is practised in her training. The descriptions of the elite golfer’s daily practice were generated using a combination of participant observations and interviews. Drawing on phenomenological insights, we suggest that the golfer’s experience of the physicality of her body can be considered in relation to three possible dimensions of self-consciousness: a pre-reflective subject-related dimension, a reflective object-directed dimension and a pre-reflective performative dimension. The pre-reflective performative dimension is to be understood as a non-objectifying dimension of subjects experience and, in the present case, appears central to how the golfer adjusts and reshapes her technical skills. The golfer exemplifies how a possible pre-reflective performative dimension reflects the overall ‘feeling’ of the moving body. From a methodological perspective, the analysis of the single case study also exemplifies how phenomenological insights might concretely influence the analysis of an actual practice and how the achieved understanding can be important to the further development of elite athletes’ expert training.
Short Stature and School Performance ‐ the Wessex Growth Study

The relationship between short stature and school performance was examined by comparing an unselected cohort of 140 ‘normal’ short children (below 3rd centile) aged between 7 and 9 years with 140 control children of normal height (10th–90th centiles). The short children had unimpaired self‐esteem and normal patterns of behaviour, but a tendency towards hyperactivity and poor concentration. Their IQ scores were normal, but attainment, especially in reading, was low. The underachievement observed in the short children is largely due to the low socio‐economic status of this group. All the children in the study were prepubertal and these data will serve as a baseline for further follow‐up during and after puberty.
Study on quantum thermalization from thermal initial states in a superconducting quantum computer

Quantum thermalization in contemporary quantum devices, in particular quantum computers, has recently attracted significant theoretical interest. Unusual thermalization processes, such as the Quantum Mpemba Effect (QME), have been explored theoretically. However, there is a shortage of experimental results due to the difficulty in preparing thermal states. In this paper, we propose a method to address this challenge. Moreover, we experimentally validate our approach using IBM quantum devices, providing results for unusal relaxation in equidistant quenches as predicted for the IBM qubit. We also assess the formalism introduced for the QME, obtaining results consistent with the theoretical predictions. This demonstration underscores that our method can streamline the investigation of thermal states and thermalization in quantum physics.
Smart Cities: Quality of Life, Productivity, and the Growth Effects of Human Capital

From 1940 to 1990, a 10% increase in a metropolitan area's concentration of college-educated residents was associated with a 0.8% increase in subsequent employment growth. Instrumental variables estimates support a causal relationship between college graduates and employment growth, but show no evidence of an effect of high school graduates. Using data on growth in wages, rents, and house values, I calibrate a neoclassical city growth model and find that roughly 60% of the employment growth effect of college graduates is due to enhanced productivity growth, the rest being caused by growth in the quality of life. This finding contrasts with the common argument that human capital generates employment growth in urban areas solely through changes in productivity.
Trait self-report as a “fill in” belief system: Categorization speed moderates the extraversion/life satisfaction relation

The present studies pursue the premise that self-reported traits such as extraversion can be viewed in terms of beliefs about the self that may be used as a default, particularly when encoding skills are poor. Encoding skills were measured by several choice reaction time tasks. Study 1 supported the hypothesis that individual differences in categorization speed predict abilities to assign self-relevant meaning to events as they occur. Studies 2 – 4, involving 213 undergraduates, sought to build on this foundation in the context of potential interactions between categorization speed and trait extraversion in the prediction of life satisfaction. As hypothesized, the trait of extraversion predicted reports of life satisfaction particularly among slow categorizers; among fast categorizers, such relations did not occur. The results in total suggest that individuals differ in their episodic encoding abilities and that trait/outcome relations (at least as measured by self-report) might be somewhat particular to those who lack an ability to assign meaning to events as they occur.
Patterns of Abuse Disclosure among Youth

Evaluation forms completed by youth following participation in abuse prevention programming by the Canadian Red Cross (RespectED) offer a unique opportunity to explore disclosure strategies among a diverse national sample of 1621 young people. The sample comprised all youth in 5 regions who made anonymous written disclosures of abuse on evaluation forms administered after workshops delivered between 2000 and 2003. Focus groups, interviews and observational data were used to ensure the trustworthiness of the data analysis. Findings show that youth who have been abused or witnesses to abuse employ five disclosure strategies: using self-harming behaviours to signal the abuse to others; not talking at all about the abuse to prevent intrusive interventions by others; seeking help from peers; seeking help from informal adult supports; and seeking help from mandated service providers (social workers and police). Findings highlight young people’s use of indirect and direct means of disclosure to ensure their safety.
The Effect of Experiential Analogies on Consumer Perceptions and Attitudes

Consumers desire products that provide meaningful experiences. Therefore, a marketer's success often depends on familiarizing consumers with the unique experience a product offers. Marketers recognize the value in communicating about a product experience through analogy, but little research has investigated if and why these analogies are persuasive. By comparing a product to a familiar but disparate experience, an analogy has the power to focus consumers on the evaluative, emotional, and multisensory information associated with the product experience. This focus on subjective product experience enables the identification of base preference (i.e., a consumer's liking for the comparison experience) as an important moderator of analogical persuasiveness. In addition, the emotional knowledge transfer perspective applied in this research contributes to a better understanding of the role of emotional knowledge and experienced emotion in analogical thinking.
Optimal pants decompositions and shortest homotopic cycles on an orientable surface

We consider the problem of finding a shortest cycle (freely) homotopic to a given simple cycle on a compact, orientable surface. For this purpose, we use a pants decomposition of the surface: a set of disjoint simple cycles that cut the surface into pairs of pants (spheres with three holes). We solve this problem in a framework where the cycles are closed walks on the vertex-edge graph of a combinatorial surface that may overlap but do not cross. We give an algorithm that transforms an input pants decomposition into another homotopic pants decomposition that is optimal: each cycle is as short as possible in its homotopy class. As a consequence, finding a shortest cycle homotopic to a given simple cycle amounts to extending the cycle into a pants decomposition and to optimizing it: the resulting pants decomposition contains the desired cycle. We describe two algorithms for extending a cycle to a pants decomposition. All algorithms in this article are polynomial, assuming uniformity of the weights of the vertex-edge graph of the surface.
AVT2-DWF: Improving Deepfake Detection with Audio-Visual Fusion and Dynamic Weighting Strategies

With the continuous improvements of deepfake methods, forgery messages have transitioned from single-modality to multi-modal fusion, posing new challenges for existing forgery detection algorithms. In this paper, we propose AVT2-DWF, the Audio-Visual dual Transformers grounded in Dynamic Weight Fusion, which aims to amplify both intra- and cross-modal forgery cues, thereby enhancing detection capabilities. AVT2-DWF adopts a dual-stage approach to capture both spatial characteristics and temporal dynamics of facial expressions. This is achieved through a face transformer with an n-frame-wise tokenization strategy encoder and an audio transformer encoder. Subsequently, it uses multi-modal conversion with dynamic weight fusion to address the challenge of heterogeneous information fusion between audio and visual modalities. Experiments on DeepfakeTIMIT, FakeAVCeleb, and DFDC datasets indicate that AVT2-DWF achieves state-of-the-art performance intra- and cross-dataset Deepfake detection. Code is available at https://github.com/raining-dev/AVT2-DWF.
Collaboration and Memory: Effects of Dyadic Retrieval on Different Memory Tasks

Collaborative retrieval was investigated in two experiments. The experiments were explicitly designed to investigate how different types of memory tasks were affected by two individuals working together compared to individuals working on their own. A nominal group score was treated as the predicted potential a dyad could attain. In Experiment 1, semantic and episodic retrieval were employed. The episodic task was to encode and retrieve a story and the semantic task was to answer, without any encoding, 20 questions from the same history domain as the episodic task. In Experiment 2, explicit recognition and implicit retrieval of dot patterns were employed. The explicit recognition task was forced-choice, and in the implicit task, subjects were instructed to complete a pattern they saw from an incomplete pattern. The results suggest that: (1) dyads suffer from collaboration relative to the predicted potential, (2) the reduction of productivity for dyads was limited to explicit and episodic memory tasks, and (3) friends as opposed to non-friends reduced the negative effect of collaboration. The results replicate and extend the results from a previous study.
Motor Activity Log-Brazil: reliability and relationships with motor impairments in individuals with chronic stroke.

UNLABELLED The Motor Activity Log (MAL) assesses the spontaneous use of the most affected upper limb with the amount of use (AOU) and quality of movement (QOM) scales during daily activities in real environments in individuals with chronic stroke. OBJECTIVES This study translated the testing manual into Portuguese and assessed the inter-rater and test-retest reliabilities of the MAL, based upon the Brazilian manual version. METHODS The inter-rater reliability was evaluated by comparing the results of two examiners, and the test-retest reliability was tested by comparing the results of two evaluations, repeated one-week apart with 30 individuals with chronic hemiparesis (55.8±15.1 years). RESULTS The intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the total scores were adequate for both the inter-rater (0.98 for the AOU and 0.91 for QOM) and test-retest reliabilities (0.99 for both scales). CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that the MAL was reliable to evaluate the spontaneous use of the most affected upper limb after stroke.
Conceptual Errors and Social Externalism

Asa Maria Wikforss has proposed a response to Burge's thought experiments in favour of social externalism, one which allows the individualist to maintain that narrow content is truth? conditional without being idiosyncratic. The narrow aim of this paper is to show that Wikforss's argument against social externalism fails, and hence that the individualist position she endorses is inadequate. The more general aim is to attain clarity on the social externalist thesis. Social externalism need not rest, as is typically thought, on the possibility of incomplete linguistic understanding or conceptual error. I identify the unifying principle that underlies the various externalist thought-experiments.
Why are the poor always with us? Explanations for poverty in Britain

Psychological studies on poverty have taken two forms: an investigation into the psychological processes characteristic of the poor, and the nature and range of lay explanations for poverty. This study concerns aspects of the latter research area from an attribution theory viewpoint. Previous research in America and Australia has indicated that people tend to attribute poverty to societal influences, personal responsibility and personal misfortune, and that various demographic factors are associated with different patterns of explanations of poverty. Sex differences and voting patterns were investigated in the explanation of poverty in general, and also among certain groups in particular, which were distinguished by race and class. Voting pattern but not sex differences led to a clearly different and predicted pattern of explanations arising. Conservatives found individualistic explanations for poverty more important than Labour voters, who in turn found societal explanations more important than did Conservatives. Fatalistic explanations showed no difference between groups and were not rated as important in explaining poverty. Results were discussed in terms of the psychology of explanations; political socialization and implications for education were also noted. The limitations and difficulties in research of this kind were discussed. 1982 The British Psychological Society
Association of sleep time with diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance.

BACKGROUND Experimental sleep restriction causes impaired glucose tolerance (IGT); however, little is known about the metabolic effects of habitual sleep restriction. We assessed the cross-sectional relation of usual sleep time to diabetes mellitus (DM) and IGT among participants in the Sleep Heart Health Study, a community-based prospective study of the cardiovascular consequences of sleep-disordered breathing. METHODS Participants were 722 men and 764 women, aged 53 to 93 years. Usual sleep time was obtained by standardized questionnaire. Diabetes mellitus was defined as a serum glucose level of 126 mg/dL or more (> or =7.0 mmol/L) fasting or 200 mg/dL or more (> or =11.1 mmol/L) 2 hours following standard oral glucose challenge or medication use for DM. Impaired glucose tolerance was defined as a 2-hour postchallenge glucose level of 140 mg/dL or more (> or =7.8 mmol/L) and less than 200 mg/dL. The relation of sleep time to DM and IGT was examined using categorical logistic regression with adjustment for age, sex, race, body habitus, and apnea-hypopnea index. RESULTS The median sleep time was 7 hours per night, with 27.1% of subjects sleeping 6 hours or less per night. Compared with those sleeping 7 to 8 hours per night, subjects sleeping 5 hours or less and 6 hours per night had adjusted odds ratios for DM of 2.51 (95% confidence interval, 1.57-4.02) and 1.66 (95% confidence interval, 1.15-2.39), respectively. Adjusted odds ratios for IGT were 1.33 (95% confidence interval, 0.83-2.15) and 1.58 (95% confidence interval, 1.15-2.18), respectively. Subjects sleeping 9 hours or more per night also had increased odds ratios for DM and IGT. These associations persisted when subjects with insomnia symptoms were excluded. CONCLUSIONS A sleep duration of 6 hours or less or 9 hours or more is associated with increased prevalence of DM and IGT. Because this effect was present in subjects without insomnia, voluntary sleep restriction may contribute to the large public health burden of DM.
Building Groups and Independence

This article, based on an ethnographic study, examines the role of food in the social interaction of 11- to 17-year-old youths in sports centres in Denmark. The sports centres serve as a free space where young people receive no adult supervision. This is underlined by their understanding and use of food in this environment. Food serves as a medium that introduces occasions for getting together. The article analyses the social significance and symbolic meaning of food in children's and adolescents' peer culture. As everywhere in social life, rules of food choice and eating signal the meaning of social relations and social contexts.
Bipedal walking control based on Capture Point dynamics

This paper builds up on the Capture Point concept and exploits the simple form of the dynamical equations of the Linear Inverted Pendulum model when formulated in terms of the center of mass and the Capture Point. The presented methods include (i) the derivation of a Capture Point (CP) control principle based on the natural dynamics of the linear inverted pendulum (LIP), which stabilizes the walking robot and motivates (ii) the design of a CP tracking and a CP end-of-step controller. The exponential stability of the CP control law is proven. Tilting is avoided by proper projection of the commanded zero moment point. The robustness of the derived control algorithms is analyzed analytically and verified in simulation and experiments.