Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognition and Capabilities: A Multi-Level Perspective

Research on managerial cognition and on organizational capabilities has essentially developed in two parallel tracks. We know much from the resource-based view about the relationship between capabilities and organizational performance. Separately, managerial cognition scholars have shown how interpretations of the environment shape organizational responses. Only recently have scholars begun to link the two sets of insights. These new links suggest that routines and capabilities are based in particular understandings about how things should be done, that the value of these capabilities is subject to interpretation, and that even the presence of capabilities may be useless without managerial interpretations of their match to the environment. This review organizes these emerging insights in a multi-level cognitive model of capability development and deployment. The model focuses on the recursive processes of constructing routines (capability building blocks), assembling routines into capabilities, and matching capabilities to perceived opportunities. To date, scholars have focused most attention on the organizational-level process of matching. Emerging research on the microfoundations of routines contributes to the micro-level of analysis. The lack of research on capability assembly leaves the field without a bridge connecting the macro and micro levels. The model offers suggestions for research directions to address these challenges.
Dopaminergic medication impairs feedback-based stimulus-response learning but not response selection in Parkinson's disease

Cognitive dysfunction is a feature of Parkinson's Disease (PD). Some cognitive functions are impaired by dopaminergic medications prescribed to address the movement symptoms that typify PD. Learning appears to be the cognitive function most frequently worsened by dopaminergic therapy. However, this result could reflect either impairments in learning (i.e., acquisition of associations among stimuli, responses, and outcomes) or deficits in performance based on learning (e.g., selecting responses). We sought to clarify the specific effects of dopaminergic medication on (a) stimulus-response association learning from outcome feedback and (b) response selection based on learning, in PD. We tested 28 PD patients on and/or off dopaminergic medication along with 32 healthy, age- and education-matched controls. In Session 1, participants learned to associate abstract images with specific key-press responses through trial and error via outcome feedback. In Session 2, participants provided specific responses to abstract images learned in Session 1, without feedback, precluding new feedback-based learning. By separating Sessions 1 and 2 by 24 h, we could distinguish the effect of dopaminergic medication on (a) feedback-based learning and response selection processes in Session 1 as well as on (b) response selection processes when feedback-based learning could not occur in Session 2. Accuracy achieved at the end of Session 1 were comparable across groups. PD patients on medication learned stimulus-response associations more poorly than PD patients off medication and controls. Medication did not influence decision performance in Session 2. We confirm that dopaminergic therapy impairs feedback-based learning in PD, discounting an alternative explanation that warranted consideration.
Truly Foreign Languages: Instructional Challenges

The teaching of a foreign language to any individual necessarily involves the bringing together of two languages and two cultures: the student's native language and culture—the base—and the language and culture being studied—the target. When these are in marked contrast, many special instructional challenges emerge. Students are confronted with totally unfamiliar linguistic patterns and cultural concepts, which require analysis that will be meaningful specifically to them. In the foreign language classroom, serious attention must be paid to the learners and their particular mind-set, through which they will inevitably filter the target language. A recommended approach to this pedagogical challenge is the use of a team of professionally trained instructors that includes targetnatives who, as authentic models of the target, actively and with linguistic sophistication, interact with the students in the target language—the act component—and base-natives, who concentrate on the analysis of the target—the fact component.
Reliability and validity of findings in ergonomics research

Evaluation of findings in ergonomics/human factors (E/HF) research suffers from misconceived assessments in terms of reliability and validity. Evaluation of E/HF studies published after 2000 confirms these observations. With an eye on these misconceived assessments, the present paper focuses on the consequences of various types of human involvement in (co-)shaping the phenomena to be evaluated. Issues addressed include the questionability of the inter-individual equivalence of findings, the defectiveness of the reliability coefficient as dispersion measure and the elusiveness of intended/presumed measurement as a validity criterion. These deficiencies are at odds with the zeal of E/HF authors to flag their findings as ‘reliable’ and ‘valid’. In particular, positive evaluations of findings may show off as rhetoric. An evaluation procedure of consecutive constituents in a flowchart is proposed as an aid for appropriate evaluations. Various conditions are discussed that may encourage the adoption of correct procedures.
Establishing Syva Methotrexate Assay on Siemens Dimension RxL Analyzer: Experience in a Tertiary Cancer Care Laboratory

Sir, Methotrexate (MTX) is an antifolate drug, which is used in the treatment of neoplastic as well as some nonneoplastic diseases in varying doses. In high doses, it is used to treat malignant diseases such as systemic non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma, osteosarcoma, central nervous system metastases, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. While in low doses, it is used in the treatment of nonneoplastic diseases such as psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. [1] It acts by the mechanism of interfering with folate metabolism by inhibiting enzymes such as dihydrofolate reductase. Reduced folate is required for DNA synthesis by the cells. The multiplying malignant cells which require greater amount of this reduced folate are affected leading to cessation of DNA synthesis and eventual cell death. However, normal cell metabolism too gets affected due to the reduced folate levels. To counter this, supplementation of leucovorin which is a formulation of reduced folate is given to patients. This is also known as leucovorin rescue. [2] MTX toxicity is monitored using measurement of drug levels in the blood at timed intervals. The analytical range for the Syva EMIT MTX assay is 0.3–2 μMol/L; however, in clinical practice, the levels of MTX are frequently maintained below this limit for leucovorin rescue and need to be measured. This study was undertaken to establish the Syva EMIT MTX assay on Siemens Dimension RxL analyzer and to evaluate its linearity below 0.3 μMol/L.
The Effect of Microsaccades on the Correlation between Neural Activity and Behavior in Middle Temporal, Ventral Intraparietal, and Lateral Intraparietal Areas

It is widely reported that the activity of single neurons in visual cortex is correlated with the perceptual decision of the subject. The strength of this correlation has implications for the neuronal populations generating the percepts. Here we asked whether microsaccades, which are small, involuntary eye movements, contribute to the correlation between neural activity and behavior. We analyzed data from three different visual detection experiments, with neural recordings from the middle temporal (MT), lateral intraparietal (LIP), and ventral intraparietal (VIP) areas. All three experiments used random dot motion stimuli, with the animals required to detect a transient or sustained change in the speed or strength of motion. We found that microsaccades suppressed neural activity and inhibited detection of the motion stimulus, contributing to the correlation between neural activity and detection behavior. Microsaccades accounted for as much as 19% of the correlation for area MT, 21% for area LIP, and 17% for VIP. While microsaccades only explain part of the correlation between neural activity and behavior, their effect has implications when considering the neuronal populations underlying perceptual decisions.
The structure and function of the helical heart and its buttress wrapping. I. The normal macroscopic structure of the heart.

The Gordian knot of anatomy has been the architectural arrangement of ventricular muscle mass, which may have finally become understood. The description of Francisco Torrent-Guasp's model of the helical heart is presented, which includes the cardiac structures that produce 2 simple loops that start at the pulmonary artery and end in the aorta. An unscrolled ventricular band is shown, achieved by blunt dissection that extends between the points of origin of the right ventricle, at the pulmonary artery root, to termination at the aortic root, in the left ventricle. These components include a spiral horizontal basal loop that surrounds the right and left ventricular cavities, and changes direction to cause a second spiral, produced by almost vertically oriented fibers, giving rise to the helical configuration of the ventricular myocardial band. These anatomic structures are successively activated, as with a peristaltic wave, starting at the right ventricle (just below the pulmonary artery) and progressing toward the aorta to produce a sequence of narrowing, caused by the basal loop contraction, shortening (related predominantly to the descendant segment contraction), lengthening (produced by the ascendant segment contraction), and widening, as a consequence of several factors that act during ventricular myocardium relaxation. These sequences control the ventricular events responsible for ejection to empty and suction to fill. These mechanical interactions of structure and function are defined in relation to chronologic location of the successive cardiac functional events in the aortic, left ventricular, and left atrial recordings.
Chapter 2 Chemical Composition of Different Hair Types

Human hair consists of proteins, lipids, water, trace elements and pigments. The composition of the first four of these components is the focus of this Chapter. About two decades ago the emphasis on the proteins of hair was on its amino acid constituents which provided important information on the relative amounts of different functional groups in different types of hair and in different regions of the fiber. However, as a result of advances in the characterization and classification of the different proteins and genes of keratins and keratin associated proteins the focus today is on the proteins themselves. Several important new contributions to the composition of the surface layers of hair and the proteins of the cell membrane complex have been and are continuing and therefore are summarized in this Chapter. The current state of changes in the amino acids, proteins and lipids of hair by morphological region (including KAP and keratin proteins and where they reside), chemical and sunlight damage, diet, puberty and menopause, and other factors have been and are being made and are summarized here. An expanded section on metals in hair, where in the fiber these metals reside and the functional groups that they bind to and their effects on hair chemistry, toxicity and disorders are included.
Ethical leadership and employee behaviours: an empirical study of mediating factors

This paper examines the effects of ethical leadership on employee behaviour through the mediating role of ethical climate and employee attitudes. This study proposes that ethical leadership has an influence on organisational citizenship behaviour, specifically through ethical climate, job satisfaction and organisational commitment. The results based on a sample of 213 employees from four private universities in Bosnia and Herzegovina support the hypotheses. This study demonstrates that job satisfaction and organisational commitment, which are influenced by ethical leadership, are important mediating factors that affect employees’ organisational citizenship behaviour. The ethical climate that is shaped by ethical leadership also has a mediating impact on employees’ job satisfaction and organisational commitment, which in turn strengthen organisational citizenship behaviour at the private universities in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Being Better or Getting Better? Social and Temporal Comparisons as Coping Mechanisms in Close Relationships

How do partners in close relationships evaluate the broader implications of their specific problems? Prior research suggests that partners evaluate their relationships through social and temporal comparisons. The current study expanded on this work in two ways. First, within-subject analyses examined whether partners use comparisons strategically, engaging in more favorable comparisons with respect to more threatening problems. Results confirmed that spouses generally perceive themselves to be better off than other couples and generally expect their problems to remain stable over time. However, within-subject analyses revealed that, with respect to more severe problems, spouses were less likely to perceive themselves as superior but more likely to perceive those problems as improving over time. Second, sample and longitudinal data were used to examine the accuracy of partners’ comparisons. Consistent with predictions, social comparisons were associated with actual standing within the sample, whereas temporal comparisons were not associated with actual change over time.
Disfluency Rates in Conversation: Effects of Age, Relationship, Topic, Role, and Gender

After reviewing situational and demographic factors that have been argued to affect speakers' disfluency rates, we examined disfluency rates in a corpus of task-oriented conversations ( Schober & Carstensen, 2001) with variables that might affect fluency rates. These factors included: speakers' ages (young, middle-aged, and older), task roles (director vs. matcher in a referential communication task), difficulty of topic domain (abstract geometric figures vs. photographs of children), relationships between speakers (married vs. strangers), and gender(each pair consisted of a man and a woman). Older speakers produced only slightly $higher disfluency rates than young and middle-aged speakers. Overall, disfluency rates were higher both when speakers acted as directors and when they discussed abstract figures, confirming that disfluencies are associated with an increase in planning difficulty. However, fillers (such as uh) were distributed somewhat differently than repeats or restarts, supporting the idea that fillers may be a resource for or a consequence of interpersonal coordination.
Physiological regulation in high-risk infants: A model for assessment and potential intervention

Abstract The model presented identifies the importance of neural regulation of autonomic state as an antecedent substrate for emotional, cognitive, and behavioral regulation. It is proposed that individual differences in neural regulation of autonomic state are related to normal and abnormal development. Establishing nervous system regulation of autonomic state is the infant's initial task of self-regulation. Survival for the high-risk infant is based primarily on physiological self-regulation. Although the methods described focus on the high-risk neonate, the model provides insight into normal development and may be generalized to the study of older children and adults with behavioral and psychological problems. Moreover, the model may contribute to assessment and intervention strategics for normal and abnormal development.
The effect of self-construals on perceptions of organizational events

This empirical research examines the effect of culture on the way people perceive and assign causes to events in organizations. It explores the idea that attributional biases and errors are moderated by a person’s culture. Results supported proposed hypotheses; they showed that Indonesians, New Zealanders, and Canadians perceived their interdependent self-construal as salient, moderately salient, and least salient, respectively. Furthermore, self-construals moderated and mediated people’s perceptions of organizational events. High-interdependents attributed negative organizational events to factors that are external, less controllable, thus had a more fatalistic outlook compared to Moderate-interdependents and Low-interdependents, respectively. In contrast, Low-interdependents attributed positive organizational events to more internal and stable factors compared to Moderate- and High-interdependents, respectively; they also perceived positive events as being controllable and caused by their own actions compared to High-interdependents. Implications for management practices in multinational organizations are discussed.
From Zero Tolerance to Student Success in Ontario, Canada

Since 2003, Ontario, Canada’s high school graduation rates have increased 13% while suspensions and expulsion rates have simultaneously decreased. This article examines relationships between the province’s safe school policy and Student Success/Learning to 18 (SS/L18), a policy designed to increase graduation rates. Analyses of teachers’ perceptions, policy texts, provincial data, and an external evaluation of SS/L18 suggest that efforts to increase graduation rates through SS/L18 may also be helping to reduce suspensions and expulsions—perhaps to a greater extent than recent changes to Ontario’s safe schools policy, including the elimination of zero tolerance and adoption of a progressive discipline approach.
Characterization of components of Z-bands in the fibrillar flight muscle of Drosophila melanogaster

Twelve monoclonal antibodies have been raised against proteins in preparations of Z-disks isolated from Drosophila melanogaster flight muscle. The monoclonal antibodies that recognized Z-band components were identified by immunofluorescence microscopy of flight muscle myofibrils. These antibodies have identified three Z-disk antigens on immunoblots of myofibrillar proteins. Monoclonal antibodies alpha:1-4 recognize a 90-100-kD protein which we identify as alpha-actinin on the basis of cross-reactivity with antibodies raised against honeybee and vertebrate alpha-actinins. Monoclonal antibodies P:1-4 bind to the high molecular mass protein, projectin, a component of connecting filaments that link the ends of thick filaments to the Z-band in insect asynchronous flight muscles. The anti-projectin antibodies also stain synchronous muscle, but, surprisingly, the epitopes here are within the A-bands, not between the A- and Z-bands, as in flight muscle. Monoclonal antibodies Z(210):1-4 recognize a 210-kD protein that has not been previously shown to be a Z-band structural component. A fourth antigen, resolved as a doublet (approximately 400/600 kD) on immunoblots of Drosophila fibrillar proteins, is detected by a cross reacting antibody, Z(400):2, raised against a protein in isolated honeybee Z-disks. On Lowicryl sections of asynchronous flight muscle, indirect immunogold staining has localized alpha-actinin and the 210-kD protein throughout the matrix of the Z-band, projectin between the Z- and A-bands, and the 400/600-kD components at the I-band/Z-band junction. Drosophila alpha-actinin, projectin, and the 400/600-kD components share some antigenic determinants with corresponding honeybee proteins, but no honeybee protein interacts with any of the Z(210) antibodies.
Heterogeneity of lower airway inflammation in children with severe‐persistent asthma

The treatment of children with severe‐persistent asthma remains problematic. Recent studies suggest that stratification of this cohort by inflammatory type may be useful in designing effective treatment strategies. In this study, we examined the inflammatory profile in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from children with severe‐persistent asthma and compared this profile with serum IgE levels.
Concealed CFRP Vehicle Chassis Antenna Cavity

A concealed vehicular carbon fiber reinforced polymer cavity in the roof that contains antennas is proposed, prototyped, and measured. Compared to state-of-the-art roof-mounted shark-fin modules, this offers significantly more room for antennas and radio frequency hardware, thus enabling a smooth transition of vehicular connectivity towards 5G. Three antennas were prototyped and embedded in the cavity: two laser direct structured antennas (inverted-F antenna for 2 GHz, monopole for 5.9 GHz), as well as a broadband conical monopole antenna milled from brass that characterizes the feasible frequency range from 2 to 6 GHz by measurement. It is shown that near-omnidirectional radiation from the concealed automotive antenna cavity is achievable.
O perfil dos ingressantes de um programa de educação física para idosos e os motivos da adesão inicial

Numa sociedade em pleno envelhecimento, a Educacao Fisica devera desempenhar um importante papel. A cada ano, cresce a procura por programas supervisionados, como e o caso do Programa Autonomia para Atividade Fisica do Idoso - PAAF. Conhecer o idoso e fundamental para orientar as acoes pedagogicas e atender suas expectativas. Assim, este trabalho destina-se a conhecer o perfil socio-demografico, a atividade fisica pregressa, verificar a saude percebida e entender quais foram os motivos de adesao ao programa. Participaram desse estudo 54 pessoas (14 homens e 40 mulheres), com idade acima de 60 anos (66,45 ± 5,176 anos de idade), que ingressaram no PAAF-2002. Foram utilizados questionarios, em que foram consideradas as seguintes variaveis: genero, idade, nivel de escolaridade, estado civil; saude percebida do ingressante; a atividade profissional e a atividade fisica pregressa e o nivel socio-economico. Para verificar os motivos da adesao inicial utilizamos tabela tipo Liekert e aplicamos o Indice de Consistencia Interna de Liekert. Utilizamos o Coeficiente de Concordância de Kendall (W) e o Teste de Friedman (Xr²), com nivel de significância (p = 0,05). A maioria dos alunos tinha entre 60 a 70 anos de idade, pertencia aos niveis socio-economico A e B e possuia alto nivel de escolaridade. A maioria tinha pelo menos uma doenca, porem, a saude percebida era positiva. Os motivos de adesao relatados foram: aprender fazer exercicios fisicos, melhorar condicionamento fisico e prevenir problemas de saude. Ja, ocupar o tempo livre e fazer amigos foram motivos considerados menos importantes.
Testing the direct and indirect relationship between organizational justice and work outcomes in a non‐Western context of the UAE

Purpose – This study has three objectives: to examine the impact of organizational justice on work outcomes in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), to test the mediating impact of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on the justice‐turnover intention relationship, and to test distributive justice as a mediator of the relationship between procedural justice and work outcomes.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 350 employees working in five large organizations operating in Dubai. A structured questionnaire containing standard scales of distributive and procedural justice, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intentions, and some demographic variables was used. After testing the scales' reliability and validity, the proposed linear relationships were tested using a series of separate hierarchical regression analyses. Proposed mediation hypotheses were tested using Baron and Kenny's recommendations.Findings – Consistent with Western studies, the study revealed that pro.