Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SWAT: A Tool for Stress Testing Session-based Web Applications

Stress testing is essential for effective sizing, capacity planning, and service level management exercises. Unfortunately such testing can be a difficult and time-consuming process. In particular, for session-based Web applications, it is difficult to create synthetic workload traces that simultaneously satisfy inter-request dependencies and match the parameter values of many other attributes of real workloads. This paper describes a workload modeling and generation tool for stress testing session-based Web applications. The Session-based Web Application Tester (SWAT) is a tool built on top of the open source httperf Web request generator. It has features to deduce a compact and flexible representation of complex session-based application workloads, to control the generation of synthetic workload traces for sensitivity analysis exercises, and to efficiently submit synthetic workload traces to a system under study. In this way, SWAT aims to facilitate the stress testing process. We demonstrate the use of SWAT with a case study involving a TPC-W compliant e-commerce system. Experiments show that the workload attributes request mix, session length distribution, and think time distribution can each affect client response time distribution as measured in a controlled environment. We show that SWAT can be used to simultaneously control the parameters of such attributes and therefore support studies that evaluate the sensitivity of system capacity to a range of workload conditions.
Self-esteem in adolescents with chronic physical illness vs. controls in Northern Russia

Abstract Objective: This work aims to study self-esteem in adolescents with diabetes, asthma and epilepsy; compare the results with those of the representative sample of healthy adolescents; and evaluate the predictive value of certain demographic, family-related, and disease-related factors on self-esteem. Methods: A total of 148 chronically ill adolescents and 301 matched healthy counterparts completed the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale and the “I think I am” questionnaire. Adolescents’ parents answered socio-economic status questions. Disease severity was evaluated by doctors of the outpatient clinic. Results: Comparison analysis of the three disease groups revealed highest self-esteem perception in adolescents with diabetes, and lowest in adolescents with epilepsy. Unexpectedly, adolescents with diabetes scored higher than their healthy counterparts. There were no significant differences between the reports of adolescents with asthma and controls. In the epilepsy group, self-esteem was predicted mostly by disease severity and socio-economic status in diabetes and asthma groups, as well as by age and gender. Conclusion: The maintenance of positive self-esteem in adolescents with diabetes and asthma is a very reassuring finding. The other results of our study provide support for recognizing adolescents with epilepsy as a vulnerable group in the society. A multidisciplinary professional approach targeted on adolescents with epilepsy is needed, with focus on factors connected with maturation and gender issues.
Modeling the industrial dynamics of the European metropolitan areas during the process of economic integration: a semiparametric approach

The specialization patterns of metropolitan areas are crucial in characterizing the effects of economic integration in Europe. This paper aims to provide and estimate an econometric model that explains both sectoral specialization and sectoral dissimilarity, measured with the GINI and the KRUGMAN indexes, respectively, for 35 European metro areas during the period 1980-2005. A semiparametric approach is proposed to address the issues of non-linearity and separability. The econometric analysis indicates how the deepening of the processes of development and integration occurred in the last decades affected both specialization and similarity of the sectoral metropolitan structure, finally supporting a "specializing alike hypothesis".
Mining and Planning Time-aware Routes from Check-in Data

Location-based services allow users to perform check-in actions, which not only record their geo-spatial activities, but also provide a plentiful source for data scientists to analyze and plan more accurate and useful geographical recommender system. In this paper, we present a novel Time-aware Route Planning (TRP) problem using location check-in data. The central idea is that the pleasure of staying at the locations along a route is significantly affected by their visiting time. Each location has its own proper visiting time due to the category, objective, and population. To consider the visiting time of locations into route planning, we develop a three-stage time-aware route planning framework. First, since there is usually either noise time on existing locations or no visiting information on new locations constructed, we devise an inference method, LocTimeInf, to predict and recover the location visiting time on routes. Second, we aim to find the representative and popular time-aware location-transition behaviors from user check-in data, and a Time-aware Transit Pattern Mining (TTPM) algorithm is proposed correspondingly. Third, based on the mined time-aware transit patterns, we develop a Proper Route Search (PR-Search) algorithm to construct the final time-aware routes for recommendation. Experiments on Gowalla check-in data exhibit the promising effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed methods, comparing to a series of competitors.
Domain model translation using graph transformations

The implementation of computer based systems (CBSs) is commonly guided by constraints imposed by the particular domain of the CBS. Domain-specific programming is a convenient way to provide a domain expert with a language that is customized to the particular constraints and assumptions of the domain. The careful thought and design that precede the development of any domain-specific visual language restrict the programmer from illegal formalisms, and allow for the rapid determination of the validity of the "program". Usually, the domain-specific visual language is designed and produced using a metamodel of some sort. Occasionally, similar domains can benefit from models created according to the ontology of this original metamodel, but usually some amount of model-transformation is required to give validity of the transformed models. This paper presents a visual language for transforming domain-models that can express the mapping between the meta-models of the "input" (i.e. the "old" domain) and the "output" (i.e. the "new" domain), and uses graph-rewriting techniques to transform the "old" domain-models into the appropriate "new" form.
Unemployment, Underemployment, and Employment Opportunities: Results from a Correspondence Audit of the Labor Market for College Graduates

We conduct a resume audit to estimate the impact of unemployment and underemployment on the employment prospects facing recent college graduates. We find no evidence that employers use current or past unemployment spells, regardless of their length, to inform hiring decisions. By contrast, college graduates who became underemployed after graduation receive about 15-30 percent fewer interview requests than job seekers who became “adequately” employed after graduation. Internship experience obtained while completing one's degree reduces the negative effects of underemployment substantially.
Relationship Between Left Atrial Volume and Diastolic Dysfunction in 500 Brazilian Patients

Background Left atrial volume index (LAVI) increase has been associated to left ventricle (LV) diastolic dysfunction (DD), a marker of cardiovascular events (atrial fibrillation, stroke, heart failure, death). Objective To evaluate the relationship between LAVI and diferente grades od DD in Brazilian patients submitted to echocardiogram, studying LAVI increase determinants in this sample. Methods We have selected 500 outpatients submitted to echocardiography, after excluding arrhythmia, valvar or congenital cardiopathy, permanent pacemaker or inadequate ecocardiographic window. LAVI was obtained according to Simpson's method. DD was classified according to current guidelines. The clinical and echocardiographic variables were submitted to linear regression multivariate analysis. Results Mean age was 52 ± 15 years old, 53% were male, 55% had arterial hypertension, 9% had coronary artery disease, 8% were diabetic, 24% were obese, 47% had LV hypertrophy. The mean ejection fraction of the left ventricle was 69.6 ± 7,2%. The prevalence of DD in this sample was 33.8% (grade I: 66%, grade II: 29% e grade III: 5%). LAVI increased progressively according to DD grade: 21 ± 4 mL/m2 (absent), 26 ± 7 mL/m2 (grade I), 33 ± 5 mL/m2 (grade II), 50 ± 5 mL/m2 (grade III) (p < 0,001). In this sample, LAVI increase independent predictors were age, left ventricular mass, relative wall thickness, LV ejection fraction and E/e' ratio. Conclusion DD contributes to left atrial remodeling. LAVI increases as an expression of DD severity and is independently associated to age, left ventricle hypertrophy, systolic dysfunction and increased LV filling pressures.
Linear Logic for Meaning Assembly

Semantic theories of natural language associate meanings with utterances by providing meanings for lexical items and rules for determining the meaning of larger units given the meanings of their parts. Meanings are often assumed to combine via function application, which works well when constituent structure trees are used to guide semantic composition. However, we believe that the functional structure of Lexical-Functional Grammar is best used to provide the syntactic information necessary for constraining derivations of meaning in a cross-linguistically uniform format. It has been difficult, however, to reconcile this approach with the combination of meanings by function application. In contrast to compositional approaches, we present a deductive approach to assembling meanings, based on reasoning with constraints, which meshes well with the unordered nature of information in the functional structure. Our use of linear logic as a `glue' for assembling meanings allows for a coherent treatment of the LFG requirements of completeness and coherence as well as of modification and quantification.
Trait anxiety, cognitive control, and visual affect

High anxiety may relate to the enhanced processing of threat-related stimuli, enhanced cognitive distraction, and/or altered conflict resolution. It was the purpose of this thesis to carry out a series of behavioural experiments designed to tap into these neuro-cognitive functions. Facial stimuli were used in computerised reaction time experiments. Personality traits were assessed using psychometric measures. The primary aim of this thesis was to determine how trait anxiety (and social anxiety) relates to the recognition of emotional facial expressions, how trait anxiety relates to distraction by other emotional faces (or emotional words) when identifying emotional facial expressions, how trait anxiety relates to differences in how emotional conflict resolution is achieved, and to determine how trait anxiety relates to other personality traits. Moreover this work aimed to develop a novel emotional face conflict resolution paradigm that is grounded in neuroscientific theory. Results showed that high trait and social anxiety are (differentially) related to the enhanced processing of threat-related faces, but provided no evidence that trait anxiety is related to distraction caused by peripheral emotional faces (threat-related or otherwise). However, we found a very specific distracting effect of happy words that was related to trait anxiety. We found that trait anxiety was somewhat related to conflict resolution but further work is required before this relationship can be properly understood. These results are discussed in detail, in relation to established theories of anxiety. My original contribution to knowledge is a detailed analysis of how sub-clinical levels of anxiety relate to emotional face discrimination, emotional distraction (when emotional face discrimination is required), and emotional conflict resolution (when emotional face discrimination is required). My original contribution to knowledge is also a detailed examination of how sub-clinical anxiety relates to other personality constructs, and the development of a novel but scientifically grounded emotional face flanker task.
Fault tolerance in a layered architecture: a general specification pattern in B

Dependable control systems are usually complex and prone to errors of various natures. Such systems are often built in a modular and layered fashion. To guarantee system dependability, we need to develop software that is not only fault-free but also is able to cope with faults of other system components. In this paper we propose a general formal specification pattern that can be recursively applied to specify fault tolerance mechanisms at each architectural layer. Iterative application of this pattern via stepwise refinement in the B method results in development of a layered fault tolerant system correct by construction. We demonstrate the proposed approach by an excerpt from a realistic case study - development of liquid handling workstation Fillwell.
A mathematical model for analysis of the cell cycle in human tumour

The growth of human cancers is characterised by long and variable cell cycle times that are controlled by stochastic events prior to DNA replication and cell division. Treatment with radiotherapy or chemotherapy induces a complex chain of events involving reversible cell cycle arrest and cell death. In this paper we have developed a mathematical model that has the potential to describe the growth of human tumour cells and their responses to therapy. We have used the model to predict the response of cells to mitotic arrest, and have compared the results to experimental data using a human melanoma cell line exposed to the anticancer drug paclitaxel. Cells were analysed for DNA content at multiple time points by flow cytometry. An excellent correspondence was obtained between predicted and experimental data. We discuss possible extensions to the model to describe the behaviour of cell populations in vivo.
On Life and Death Questions

Most of the recent discussion on the assessment of poverty and levels of living in India is based on evidence provided by household consumption data. It is usually made with reference to either some minimum nutritional norms for food consunzption or some general 'poverty line' defined in terms of a bare minimum level of private consumer expendituire. Seldom is the discussion related to the crucial question of disparities in the vital rates in Indiaparticularly in the rates of mortality and morbidity. Reliable information, on the disparities in these vital rates as between the variouis socio-economic groups or on their link with the specific health and nutrition status of these groups, is very scanty. The limited aim of this paper is to draw attention to some of these disparities particularly to their regional variations.
Time and Demand are Two Critical Dimensions of Immunometabolism: The Process of Macrophage Activation and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

A process is a function of time; in immunometabolism, this is reflected by the stepwise adaptation of metabolism to sustain the bio-energetic demand of an immune-response in its various states and shades. This perspective article starts by presenting an early attempt to investigate the physiology of inflammation, in order to illustrate one of the basic concepts of immunometabolism, wherein an adapted metabolism of infiltrating immune cells affects tissue function and inflammation. We then focus on the process of macrophage activation and aim to delineate the factor time within the current molecular context of metabolic-rewiring important for adapting primary carbohydrate metabolism. In the last section, we will provide information on how the pentose phosphate pathway may be of importance to provide both nucleotide precursors and redox-equivalents, and speculate how carbon-scrambling events in the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway might be regulated within cells by demand. We conclude that the adapted metabolism of inflammation is specific in respect to the effector-function and appears as a well-orchestrated event, dynamic by nature, and based on a functional interplay of signaling- and metabolic-pathways.
Network Effects in the Security Software Market ∗

The market for security software has witnessed an unprecedented growth in recent years. A closer examination of this market reveals certain idiosyncrasies that are not observed in a traditional software market. For example, it is a highly competitive market involving many vendors. Yet, the market coverage seems relatively low. Prior research has not attempted to explain what makes this market different. In this paper, we develop a quantitative model to find possible answers to this question. Our model identifies a possible reason behind this behavior—that of a negative network effect, a phenomenon that has received considerable attention in the recent literature on application software security. Overall, our results highlight the unique nature of the security software market, furnish rigorous explanations for several counter-intuitive observations in the real world, and provide managerial insights for vendors on market competition.
Gravitation Theory with Propagating Torsion

We present a review of some recent models of gravitation theory with propagating torsion based on the use of a torsion-dilaton field and propose one more model of this type which promises to be more realistic. A proper universal self-consistent minimal action principle yields the properties of this model and predicts the interactions of torsion-dilaton field with the real matter. The new model may be compatible with the string models with dilaton field and gives a novel interpretation of the dilaton as a part of the space-time torsion. A relation with some recent models of dilatonic gravity is also possible.
Maternal age and intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome in infertile couples at Khartoum, Sudan

Background Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was considered as the mainstay of treatment for male infertility. Nowadays, the scope of ICSI has been widened to include other causes of infertility. There are few published data on ICSI in countries with low incomes. Aims A cross-sectional study was conducted at Saad AbuAlla and Banoun Centers, Khartoum, Sudan to investigate outcomes of ICSI and to determine the parameters that might predict pregnancy success rate following ICSI. Methods The study included 191 infertile couples who underwent 296 ICSI cycles between 1st April 2013 and 31 March 2014. Results One hundred and ninety one couples (comprising 296 cycles of ICSI) were enrolled to the study. The mean (SD) number of retrieved oocytes was 9.7 (7.5). The mean (SD) number of transferred embryos was 2.9 (1.0). Out of these, 50 (26.2%) and 40 (20.9%) had chemical and clinical pregnancy, respectively. Thirty–six couples (18.8%) and five couples (2.6%) had miscarriage and had ectopic pregnancy, respectively. Under logistic regression, younger age (OR = 0.8, 95% CI= 0.81 ─ 0.96, P = 0.004) and endometrial thickness (OR = 1.3, 95% CI= 1.07─1.60, P = 0.009) were the significant predictors for the success of ICSI in inducing pregnancy. Conclusion The rates of successful fertilisation and pregnancy-to-term rates in this setting depend mainly on the maternal age.
Graph Theoretic Techniques for Pruning Data and Their Applications

— The correspondence addresses the intriguing question of which random models are equivalent to the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and discrete sine transform (DST). Common knowledge states that these transforms are asymptotically equivalent to ﬁrst-order Gauss causal Markov random processes. We establish that the DCT and the DST are exactly equivalent to homogeneous one-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional (2–D) Gauss noncausal Markov random ﬁelds deﬁned on ﬁnite lattices with appropriate boundary conditions.
PERAN MEDIASI KEPUASAN KERJA PADA PENGARUH KEADILAN ORGANISASIONAL TERHADAP ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR (OCB)

ABSTRAK Semakin meningkatnya kebutuhan masyarakat akan jasa perhotelan memicu berkembangnya bisnis perhotelan di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran kepuasan kerja dalam memediasi pengaruh keadilan organisasional terhadap OCB. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Princess Keisha Hotel, Denpasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel jenuh (sensus), dimana menggunakan keseluruhan populasi yaitu 40 orang sebagai unit analisis. Data di analisis menggunakan teknik analisis jalur (Path Analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keadilan organisasional berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja, keadilan organisasional berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), kepuasan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), serta kepuasan kerja secara positif dan signifikan memediasi keadilan organisasional terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB).
Update on the optimal use of voriconazole for invasive fungal infections

Correspondence: George R Thompson III University of California-Davis, Coccidioidomycosis Serology Laboratory, One Shields Avenue, Rm 3134, Davis, CA 95616, USA Tel +1 530 752 1757 Fax +1 530 752 8692 email grthompson@ucdavis.edu Abstract: Voriconazole is an extended-spectrum triazole with excellent bioavailability that has now become the treatment of choice for aspergillosis. It has a unique side effect profile compared with other azoles, as well as a number of clinically important drug–drug interactions. These factors, along with a correlation between increased serum levels and improved outcomes, have prompted an interest in therapeutic drug monitoring of this agent. The pharmacology and clinical outcomes data of voriconazole are presented in this review.
Efficacy of Early Infliximab Treatment for Pediatric Crohn's Disease: A Three-year Follow-up

Purpose To investigate the efficacy of early infliximab use and to follow the progress of pediatric cases of Crohn's disease for 3 years. Methods We reviewed the medical records of 28 pediatric patients who had been treated with infliximab for Crohn's disease. Eighteen patients (the 'top-down' group) received infliximab and azathioprine for induction and maintenance therapy for the first year, and then were treated with azathioprine for 2 additional years. Ten patients who were refractory to conventional therapy were categorized in the 'step-up' group. All patients were followed for at least 36 months. Treatment efficacy was assessed by the relapse rate using the pediatric Crohn's disease activity index (PCDAI) score in each group at 12, 24, and 36 months. Blood samples were available from 10 patients, and were used to assess antibody to infliximab (ATI). Results The relapse rate in 'top-down' group was lower than that in 'step-up' group at 1, 2, and 3 years. But, just the relapse rate at the 2 years was significantly different. At 3 years, the relapse rate according to different characteristic variables (sex, age at diagnosis, involvement, PCDAI at diagnosis) was not significantly different. Only one patient treated with infliximab had an adverse event, consisting of dyspnea and tachycardia. ATI was not detected in the blood samples from 10 patients. Conclusion Early induction with infliximab at diagnosis ('top-down' therapy) is effective for reducing the relapse rate compared to conventional therapies in pediatric Crohn's disease possibly for up to 3 years.