Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single-injection percutaneous peribulbar anesthesia with a short needle versus sub-Tenon's anesthesia for cataract extraction

Purpose: This study compared the efficacy of single-injection percutaneous peribulbar anesthesia (PBA) with a short needle with sub-Tenon's anesthesia (STA) to produce optimal operating conditions for cataract extraction in patients with complicated cataract. Methods: Two hundred patients with complicated cataract were enrolled in this prospective, double-blinded, randomized study. Adequate akinesia was a surgical requisite for all cases included in the study because of the expected difficult surgery. The patients were divided into two equal groups to receive either peribulbar anesthesia (PBA) with a 16-mm needle or sub-Tenon's anesthesia. Surgical akinesia (as a primary end point), analgesia, incidence of complications, as well as patient and surgeon satisfaction (as secondary end points) were assessed. Results: Both techniques provided similar analgesia during the operation and similar rates of incidence of chemosis with no serious complications; while the PBA group provided higher degree of akinesia 10 minutes after injection of the local anesthetic, a lower incidence of subconjunctival hemorrhage (SCH) and higher patient and surgeon satisfaction compared to the STA group. Conclusion: We concluded that when globe akinesia is necessary during surgery, the single-injection technique for percutaneous peribulbar anesthesia with a short needle proved to be more suitable than the STA in providing akinesia for cataract surgery. Also, this PBA technique demonstrated a lower incidence of SCH and was preferred to STA by the patients and surgeon.
Evidence Accumulation and Choice Maintenance Are Dissociated in Human Perceptual Decision Making

Perceptual decision making in monkeys relies on decision neurons, which accumulate evidence and maintain choices until a response is given. In humans, several brain regions have been proposed to accumulate evidence, but it is unknown if these regions also maintain choices. To test if accumulator regions in humans also maintain decisions we compared delayed and self-paced responses during a face/house discrimination decision making task. Computational modeling and fMRI results revealed dissociated processes of evidence accumulation and decision maintenance, with potential accumulator activations found in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, right inferior frontal gyrus and bilateral insula. Potential maintenance activation spanned the frontal pole, temporal gyri, precuneus and the lateral occipital and frontal orbital cortices. Results of a quantitative reverse inference meta-analysis performed to differentiate the functions associated with the identified regions did not narrow down potential accumulation regions, but suggested that response-maintenance might rely on a verbalization of the response.
Emotions in Organizations

Humor and laughter are emotion-involving activities that can be jointly constructed in interaction. This article analyzes instances of joint laughter in leader-member meetings where laughter may or may not be associated with humor. The method applied is conversation analysis in which the focus lies on laughter's role in the microlevel organization of interaction. The results show that the instances of laughter do not occur in accidental locations but are clearly connected to specific activities. First, humor and laughter can be strategically used by team leaders to create collegiality and a good working atmosphere in their teams. Second, laughing together is connected to closing down a topic or a phase in a meeting in a way that displays mutual understanding. Third, shared laughter initiated by team members appears to be a resource that can be used to reduce tension in challenging situations such as the accomplishment of difficult tasks or the treatment of delicate topics. Finally, laughing together can be used to do remedial work in problematic or conflicting situations. Ultimately, joint laughter appears to be a resource that can be used to improve the task performance and, through this, the achievement of the goals of the organization.
Die Wahrnehmung von Esser-Prototypen als Erklärung von Geschlechterunterschieden im Ernährungsverhalten unter Berücksichtigung des Alters

Jungen ernahren sich nachweislich ungunstiger als Madchen. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Prototypen-Wahrnehmung als Erklarung fur Geschlechterunterschiede im Ernahrungsverhalten von Jugendlichen unter Berucksichtigung des Alters. Angenommen wird, dass die Wahrnehmung des typischen ungesunden und gesunden Essers die Geschlechterunterschiede im Ernahrungsverhalten mediiert. Weiterhin wird im Sinne einer moderierten Mediation postuliert, dass das Alter den Zusammenhang zwischen Prototypen-Wahrnehmung und Ernahrungsverhalten moderiert. Befragt wurden 340 SchulerInnen an Haupt- und Werkrealschulen im Alter von 10 – 17 Jahren zu Ernahrungsverhalten und Wahrnehmung von Esser-Prototypen. Im Ergebnis hatten die Jungen ein signifikant ungunstigeres Ernahrungsmuster als die Madchen und sahen den ungesunden Esser positiver sowie den gesunden Esser negativer. Dieser Geschlechterunterschied im Ernahrungsverhalten wurde partiell durch die Prototypen-Wahrnehmung mediiert. Dabei wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen der.
The school and society ; and, The child and the curriculum

"The School and Society" and "The Child and the Curriculum" succinctly set forth John Dewey's revolutionary philosophy of education as an experimental, child-centered process. For years, educators have turned to this classic volume for insight and practical guidance. Yet Dewey's renown and his enduring readership raise a curious question: why haven't more of this important thinker's ideas been put into practice? Philip W. Jackson addresses this question in a new and substantial introduction in which he looks back on the history of the University of Chicago Lab Schools and discusses their transformation. This centennial edition also restores to the volume a "lost" chapter dropped by Dewey in 1915. In this essay, written three years after the inception of the Lab Schools, Dewey himself critiques the efforts to realize his theories in that institution. This edition brings Dewey's educational theory into sharper focus, framing his two classic works, "The School and Society" and "The Child and the Curriculum," by frank assessments, past and present, of the practical application of those remarkable ideas.
Bordetella Bronchiseptica Recurrent Bacteraemia in the Setting of a Patient with AIDS and Indwelling Broviac Catheter

Members of the genus Bordetella traverse phylogenetic strata in their pathogenic potential. While B. pertussis and B. parapertussis are restricted human pathogens, the remaining member, B. bronchiseptica, fluctuates in host range causing respiratory infection mainly among animal hosts and a rare but evolving spectrum of human infectionslvU. In the range of human infections, B. bronchiseptica bacteraemia is an extremely uncommon phenomenon having been reported on three previous occasions. In two instances the patients had an underlying liver disease7,10; the other had a mixed infection endocarditis superimposed on a pre-existing valvular disease", In these instances the source of the infecting microorganism was not established. In the present report, we describe a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who developed B. bronchoseptica bacteraemia. The portal of entry of this microbial species was thought to be through the patient's Broviac catheter as a consequence of contamination by his cat.
PREDICTORS OF PROFICIENCY IN CRITICAL THINKING FOR COLLEGE FRESHMEN

The problem of this study was twofold: (1) to determine if selected variables of college aptitude and demographic characteristics can be used as predictors of proficiency in critical thinking for beginning college freshmen, and (2) to determine if differences in levels of selected variables of college aptitude and demographic characteristics operate as predictors of proficiency in critical thinking for beginning college freshmen. The population of this study was composed of students entering Montana State University in the fall of 1987. The data were collected from 203 students by administering the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal and from the university's ACT College Reports for students. Multiple linear regression and stepwise regression were used to analyze the data to determine if the independent variables of ACT standard scores, high school GPA, anticipated college major, size of high school, and gender could be used as predictors of critical thinking proficiency for incoming college freshmen. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data to determine if significant relationships existed between mean WGCTA raw scores based on strata of the independent variables. All analyses were performed at the . 05 level of significance. The findings were that only ACT standard scores were significant predictors of critical thinking proficiency, accounting for 28.41% of the variance in WGCTA raw scores. It was also determined that significant relationships existed between mean WGCTA raw scores based on strata of the ACT national score intervals, high school GPA intervals, and gender. Recommendations for further study include: a study that would investigate the relationship between critical thinking proficiency and the Enhanced ACT (begun in 1989) subtest scores; a follow-up study that would investigate the differences between entry level and exit level proficiency in critical thinking; a study that would investigate the relationship between critical thinking proficiency and students' postsecondary choices; a study that would investigate the relationship between development of critical thinking proficiency and such variables as student participation in student government, extracurricular academic activities, athletic activities, and working at jobs while in school; and a study that would investigate how various styles of classroom instruction influence the critical thinking profieciency of students. PREDICTORS OF PROFICIENCY IN CRITICAL THINKING FOR COLLEGE FRESHMEN by Kenneth Dale Wilson A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana November 1989
Autobiographical memory in older adults with and without depressive symptoms

The aim of this experiment was to examine the overgenerality of autobiographical memory in older adults with depressive symptoms in comparison to nondepressed older adults. 95 older adults with clinically significant depressive symptomatology and 90 nondepressed older adults were asked to generate specific memories in response to a series of positive, negative and neutral cue-words, using the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT). Evidence for greater overgenerality among those with depressive symptoms was only found for negative cues, while all participants provided far more general than specific memories. Latencies were greater for participants with depressive symptoms than for nondepressed participants, but this finding was not limited to specific memories. There was a strong positivity bias, with more positive memories than negative memories retrieved, across cues. Latency did not differ by valence, but negative cues were more likely than positive cues to lead to failure to retrieve any memory. These positivity effects were markedly stronger for nondepressed respondents than for those with depressive symptomatology. Aged related changes in memory function are suggested as a possible explanation for the overall pattern of findings.
Visual and Acoustic Course Control in the Cricket Gryllus Bimaculatus

T he influence of visual and acoustic stimuli on course control was studied in crickets walking on an air-supported sphere under open-loop conditions. The speed of walking elicited by a calling song was greater in the presence of visual targets than it was in the dark. The precision of phonotactic orientation was improved in the presence of visual cues. Visual and acoustic stimuli induced turning and when both stimuli were present at the same time their effects were additive. A further enhancement was observed when visual and acoustic stimuli were presented from the same direction. Optomotor stimuli also shifted the response to the calling song in an additive way.
Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among US children and adolescents, 1999-2010.

CONTEXT The prevalence of childhood obesity increased in the 1980s and 1990s but there were no significant changes in prevalence between 1999-2000 and 2007-2008 in the United States. OBJECTIVES To present the most recent estimates of obesity prevalence in US children and adolescents for 2009-2010 and to investigate trends in obesity prevalence and body mass index (BMI) among children and adolescents between 1999-2000 and 2009-2010. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional analyses of a representative sample (N = 4111) of the US child and adolescent population (birth through 19 years of age) with measured heights and weights from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2010. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of high weight-for-recumbent length (≥95th percentile on the growth charts) among infants and toddlers from birth to 2 years of age and obesity (BMI ≥95th percentile of the BMI-for-age growth charts) among children and adolescents aged 2 through 19 years. Analyses of trends in obesity by sex and race/ethnicity, and analyses of trends in BMI within sex-specific age groups for 6 survey periods (1999-2000, 2001-2002, 2003-2004, 2005-2006, 2007-2008, and 2009-2010) over 12 years. RESULTS In 2009-2010, 9.7% (95% CI, 7.6%-12.3%) of infants and toddlers had a high weight-for-recumbent length and 16.9% (95% CI, 15.4%-18.4%) of children and adolescents from 2 through 19 years of age were obese. There was no difference in obesity prevalence among males (P = .62) or females (P = .65) between 2007-2008 and 2009-2010. However, trend analyses over a 12-year period indicated a significant increase in obesity prevalence between 1999-2000 and 2009-2010 in males aged 2 through 19 years (odds ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.10) but not in females (odds ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.98-1.07) per 2-year survey cycle. There was a significant increase in BMI among adolescent males aged 12 through 19 years (P = .04) but not among any other age group or among females. CONCLUSION In 2009-2010, the prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents was 16.9%; this was not changed compared with 2007-2008.
Cellular Mechanisms of Contractile Dysfunction in Hibernating Myocardium

Abstract— Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of chronic heart failure. Hibernation (ie, a chronic reduction of myocardial contractility distal to a severe coronary stenosis and reversible on revascularization) is an important contributing factor. The underlying cellular mechanisms remain however poorly understood. In young pigs (n=13, ISCH), an acquired coronary stenosis >90% (4 to 6 weeks) resulted in the development of hibernating myocardium. Single cardiac myocytes from the ISCH area were compared with cells from the same area obtained from matched normal pigs (n=12, CTRL). Myocytes from ISCH were larger than from CTRL. In field stimulation, unloaded cell shortening was reduced and slower in ISCH; relaxation was not significantly different. The amplitude of the [Ca2+]i transient was not significantly reduced, but reducing [Ca2+]o for CTRL cells could mimic the properties of ISCH, inducing a significant reduction of contraction, but not of [Ca2+]i. Action potentials were longer in ISCH. With square voltage-clamp pulses of equal duration in ISCH and CTRL, the amplitude of the [Ca2+]i transient was significantly smaller in ISCH, as was the Ca2+ current. Near-maximal activation of the myofilaments resulted in smaller contractions of ISCH than of CTRL cells. There was no evidence for increased degradation of Troponin I. In conclusion, cellular remodeling is a major factor in the contractile dysfunction of the hibernating myocardium. Myocytes are hypertrophied, action potentials are prolonged, and L-type Ca2+ currents and Ca2+ release are decreased. The steep [Ca2+]i dependence of contraction and possibly a reduction of maximal myofilament responsiveness further enhance the contractile deficit.
Construct- and criterion-related validity of the German Core Self-Evaluations Scale: A multi-study investigation

This research presents an in-depth investigation of the core self-evaluations (CSE) construct in several German samples. The English language (U.S.-American) version of the Core Self-Evaluations Scale (CSES; see Judge, Erez, Bono, &Thoresen, 2003) was adapted and translated into German. The study expands knowledge of CSE relationships with work-relevant experience constructs by providing the first reports of relationships with professional experience and job tenure. Criterion-related validities were examined for grade point average, organizational citizenship behaviors, and turnover intentions, extending English language based findings to a new language and cultural context (German) for the first time. The explicit examinations of the German CSES and other demographic (age, gender) and experience variables (organizational tenure) also provide the first investigations of these relationships, advancing the knowledge about the nomological network of the CSE construct. A constructive discussion of CSE measurement issues (frame of reference and item-specific response styles) is provided in order to improve future CSE measurement.
Adiponectin and Bariatric Surgery: Associations With Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in the Swedish Obese Subjects Study

OBJECTIVE Adiponectin has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, but its role for incident diabetes, myocardial infarction, or stroke in obesity is unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the associations between systemic levels of adiponectin and the aforementioned outcomes in a population with severe obesity at high risk of diabetes and cardiovascular events. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We measured serum concentrations of total adiponectin in 3,299 participants of the prospective controlled Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) Study (bariatric surgery group, n = 1,570; control group given usual care, n = 1,729). Median follow-up periods ranged between 10 and 13 years for different outcomes. RESULTS In models containing both baseline adiponectin and 2-year changes in adiponectin, high baseline adiponectin and 2-year increases in adiponectin were associated with decreased risk of diabetes and myocardial infarction among controls. In the surgery group, the 2-year weight loss was paralleled by substantial increase in circulating adiponectin (1,807–1,958 ng/mL per 10-kg weight loss). However, neither baseline adiponectin nor 2-year increases in adiponectin were associated with risk of diabetes or myocardial infarction in the fully adjusted models in the surgery group. No associations were found for stroke in either group. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, baseline adiponectin and 2-year changes were associated with incident diabetes and myocardial infarction in the control group but not in the surgery group. Baseline adiponectin did not predict treatment benefit of bariatric surgery.
Semaphorin3D Guides Retinal Axons along the Dorsoventral Axis of the Tectum

We examined the role of Sema3D, a semaphorin of previously unknown function, in guiding retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons to the optic tectum in the developing zebrafish. Sema3D is expressed more strongly in the ventral versus dorsal tectum, suggesting that it may participate in guiding RGC axons along the dorsoventral axis of the tectum. Ubiquitous misexpression of Sema3D in transgenic zebrafish inhibits ventral but not dorsal RGC axon growth. In addition, ventral RGC axons avoid or stop at individual cells misexpressing Sema3D along their pathway. Sema3D ubiquitous misexpression at later stages also causes ventral RGC axon arbors to spread more widely along the dorsoventral axis of the tectum. Knock-down of Sema3D with morpholino antisense causes ventral RGC axons to extend aberrantly into the ventral tectum. These results suggest that Sema3D in the ventral tectum normally acts to inhibit ventral RGCs from extending into ventral tectum, ensuring their correct innervation of dorsal tectum.
Passion, Trait Self-Control, and Wellbeing: Comparing Two Mediation Models Predicting Wellbeing

Research has found that passion and trait self-control represented key determinants of wellbeing. Yet, no study to date has attempted to investigate the mediating influences of trait self-control and passion for accounting for the relationships between passion, trait self-control, and wellbeing (dependent variable). Using different frameworks, such as the dualistic model of passion and the neo-socioanalytic theory, the present study proposed two mediation models, considering either trait self-control (model 1) or passion (model 2) as the mediating variable. Five hundred nine volunteers from the United States (326 females and 183 males; Mage = 31.74, SDage = 11.05, from 18 to 70 years old), who reported being passionate about a specific activity (e.g., fishing, swimming, blogging; Mpassion = 5.94, SDpassion = 0.89), answered questionnaires assessing harmonious and obsessive passion, trait self-control, and wellbeing (measured through hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing scales). Preliminary analyses revealed that both models were significant (model 1: absolute GoF = 0.366, relative GoF = 0.971, outer model GoF = 0.997, inner model GoF = 0.973, R2 = 18.300%, p < 0.001; model 2: absolute GoF = 0.298; relative GoF = 0.980; outer model GoF = 0.997; inner model GoF = 0.982; R2 = 12.111%, p < 0.001). Correlational analyses revealed positive relationships between harmonious passion, trait self-control, and wellbeing, and no relationships of obsessive passion with trait self-control and wellbeing. Mediation analyses revealed that trait self-control significantly mediated the relationship between harmonious passion and wellbeing (i.e., partial mediation, VAF = 33.136%). Harmonious passion appeared to significantly mediate the positive effect of trait self-control on wellbeing; however, the size of the mediating effect indicated that (almost) no mediation would take place (i.e., VAF = 11.144%). The present study is the first to examine the relationships between passion, trait self-control, and wellbeing, and supports the view that trait self-control and harmonious passion represent not only adaptive and powerful constructs, but also key determinants of wellbeing. Implications for the study of passion, trait self-control and wellbeing are discussed.
Homework – is there a connection with classroom assessment? A review from Sweden

Background: The growing interest among researchers concerning how to use assessment to enhance students’ learning as well as to improve instruction provided the impetus for this review of teachers’ assessment activities related to homework.Purpose and method: The purpose was to bring together and critically examine the evidence in a way that illuminates research findings firstly on homework related to formative assessment, and secondly to relate research findings on homework to teachers’ classroom work to formative assessment, and finally to complement existing international research by examining findings from Sweden. International peer-reviewed articles as well as doctoral theses, reviewed anthologies, encyclopaedias, international reports, and handbooks were used.Findings and conclusions: Findings show a gap in the research field of homework, especially in relation to formative assessment. Various research findings point to the importance of exploring the quality of homework. Research on how to assign and assess homework must consider the problems and conflicts that homework causes students, parents and teachers. Research is also needed to illuminate issues related to conditions for equity in relation to homework and feedback.