Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Different values, different skills? A comparison of essay writing by students from arts and science backgrounds

This article reports the findings of a 3 year research project which investigated disciplinary variation in student writing. Within an Open University course in the history of science, students from an arts background were found to achieve significantly higher grades than those from a science background. Textual and interview data suggest that differences in their essay writing may be related to differences in disciplinary culture and epistemology. The results thus support the hypothesis that students' writing is shaped by their disciplinary background, and call into question the extent to which communication skills are transferable across disciplinary contexts.
Intrinsic versus extrinsic cues as determinants of perceived product quality.

This study tested a portion of Olson's cue model which hypothesizes that, other things equal, intrinsic cues (e.g., physical product differences) will be stronger determinants of perceived-qua lity judgments than will extrinsic cues (e.g., price or store image). Ninety female undergraduates were randomly assigned to the conditions of a 2X3X3 (Price X Store Image X Hosiery Product Samples) analysis of variance with repeated measures on the intrinsic factor. Results supported the hypothesis; omega-square values revealed that 73% of the total variance was due to intrinsic product sample differences. Additionally, Shapiro's hypothesis that perceived worth would be more strongly related to stated purchase intentions than would perceived quality was supported. Purchase behavior in contemporary American society requires, among other things, that the consumer be able to make judgments and comparisons across products, brands, and services. Such judgments are arrived at by a process in which some or all of the various items of information (i.e., cues) associated with the product, brand, or service are identified, evaluated, and integrated to form a composite judgment. One judgment usually of considerable importance to the consumer is the product's quality, and more than a score of published studies have examined the effects of specific cues on the judgment of perceived quality (cf. Jacoby, Olson, & Haddock, 1971; Olson, 1972). Little thought, however, has been given to developing a conceptual framework for expressing how and when specific cues or types of cues operate to form the composite quality judgment. Until recently, the most notable exception has been Cox (1962), who developed a cue-processing model based upon the notions of predictive and confidence value. Other investigators (Jacoby et al., 1971; Valenzi & Andrews, 1971) have distinguished between intrinsic and extrinsic cues. The former refer to cues which, if changed, would produce a resultant change in the physical product itself (e.g., flavor and aroma cues for beer), while the latter refer to such factors
ERPs to orthographic, phonological, and semantic tasks in dyslexic children with auditory processing impairment

Event‐related potentials were recorded in 25 dyslexic children with auditory processing deficits and 25 normal children, 7 to 12 years old. Three tasks were run: orthographic, phonological, and semantic classification tasks. N2 and P3 latencies and P3 amplitude (P3amp) and reaction times (RT) to targets were measured. No significant RT differences were found between the groups although a group, age, and task interaction was seen. P3 latencies decreased with age across tasks, and N2 latencies decreased with the semantic and phonological tasks. P3 latencies were significantly longer in dyslexic than control children in the phonological and semantic tasks; for the latter task, dyslexics also had longer N2 latencies. In the phonological task, latencies decreased with age only for the control children; the dyslexic children showed no maturational changes. Across tasks, there were significant distributional group differences in the P3, due to a more posteriorly located P3, and marked frontal negativity in the d.
Identifying value hierarchies among indigenous women entrepreneurs in agriculture: a case of Iran

Personal value orientations were investigated among a sample of 60 rural indigenous women entrepreneurs in Iran, using the Schwartz Values Scale. The value dimensions were conformity, tradition, benevolence, universalism, self-direction, stimulation, hedonism, achievement, power, and security. Conformity was the value type rated most important, benevolence was second, security third, self-direction fourth, and universalism fifth. The five less important value types were, in order, tradition, stimulation, hedonism, achievement, and, power. Results imply that there are differences in values between indigenous and non-indigenous entrepreneurs. The paper concludes with practical and theoretical implications of the study's findings and recommendations for future research.
Sex role stereotypes: does business education make a difference?

Purpose – Studies indicate that a managerial pro‐male bias still exists. While managers and females have begun to view women as possessing managerial attributes, male students, on average, still tend to stereotype the managerial role using a pro‐male bias. Based on research by Heilman and by Lord and Maher, the purpose of this paper is to propose that business students, who are exposed to a curriculum that emphasizes the importance of diversity, as recommended by AACSB, will exhibit fewer gender stereotypes.Design/methodology/approach – Using the Schein Descriptive Index, three groups of university students were surveyed to determine whether individuals exposed to formal management education experience a reduction in “men as manager” stereotypes. The hypothesis was tested using interclass correlation coefficients (r′) from two randomized‐groups analysis of variance.Findings – The hypothesis was not supported and the findings indicate that students in the business administration program stereotyped the man.
Different principles of information integration in implicit and explicit attitude formation

Recent research provides evidence that implicit attitude formation is guided by a summation principle (Betsch, Plessner, Schwieren, & Gutig, 2001). This finding contradicts models claiming that attitudes form from the average value of stimulus information (e.g., Anderson, 1981). In this paper, we show that the application of an integration rule depends on the mode of processing (implicit vs. explicit). In three experiments, participants encode sequences of return values produced by shares on the stock market. Results jointly indicate that evaluative judgments follow an averaging principle when attitudes were formed explicitly, either on memory content (Exp. 1) or the relevant sample of information (Exp. 2). In Experiment 3, we varied the processing mode within participants. An attitude reversal effect was found by varying the mode of processing for the same set of stimuli. After implicit attitude formation, participants evaluated the share with a higher sum of return values more positively than the share with a higher average value. This pattern reversed when participants explicitly evaluated the same shares. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discourse and Manipulation T E U N a . Va N D I J K

A B S T R A C T. 'Manipulation' is one of the crucial notions of Critical Discourse Analysis that requires further theoretical analysis. This article offers a triangulated approach to manipulation as a form of social power abuse, cognitive mind control and discursive interaction. Socially, manipulation is defined as illegitimate domination confirming social inequality. Cognitively, manipulation as mind control involves the interference with processes of understanding, the formation of biased mental models and social representations such as knowledge and ideologies. Discursively, manipulation generally involves the usual forms and formats of ideological discourse, such as emphasizing Our good things, and emphasizing Their bad things. At all these levels of analysis it is shown how manipulation is different from legitimate mind control, for instance in persuasion and providing information, for instance by stipulating that manipulation is in the best interest of the dominated group and against the best interests of dominated groups. Finally, this theory is illustrated by a partial analysis of a speech by Tony Blair in the House of Commons legitimating the participation of the UK in the US-led war against Iraq in 2003.
Neuropsychological Assessment of a New Computerized Cognitive Task that Was Developed to Train Several Cognitive Functions Simultaneously

Recent studies have indicated that computerized cognitive training is effective as therapy for reducing the cognitive decline with aging and the dysfunction associated with neuropsychiatric illness. Although cognitive trainings that targets a specific function and multi-domain cognitive training have both been shown to have significant effects, we need one simple behavioral training paradigm to improve multiple domains of cognitive functions easily and simultaneously. We had developed a new computerized task that seeks to engage the cognitive functions of planning, mental calculation, and divergent thinking based on a working memory task in a single task. The purpose of this study was to assess the cognitive features of our new task by comparing the scores of seven known neuropsychological batteries in healthy elderly subjects. The relationships between performance in our task and the scores obtained by the neuropsychological batteries were examined. The percentage of correct performance on our task was correlated with the scores on the category fluency test, the digit span backward task, and the Trail making test B. Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that the scores on the category fluency test and the Trail making test B showed significant positive correlations with the percentage of correct performance on our task. Although the present study did not show high correlations between the percentage of correct performance on our task and working memory functions as a primary target, we observed mid-level correlations between the percentage of correct performance on our task and functions for divided attention and word fluency. Our new task requires not only working memory, but also attention and divergent thinking. Thus, this task might be a useful tool for training multiple cognitive functions simultaneously.
A Metrosexual Eye on Queer Guy

There are several ways we can understand Queer Eye for the Straight Guy. The program can be seen as 1. the culmination of a surge of U.S. television programming that presents a sanitary, white, middle-class queer urban world in which queerness is fun and gays and lesbians are to be laughed with, not at; 2. an indication of the degree to which queer difference is a new commodity of pleasure that is safely distant from, but compatible with, heteronormativity; 3. a sign that queerness is, indeed, a lifestyle of practices that can be adopted, discarded, and redisposed promiscuously—in this case, disarticulated from its referent and resignified as metrosexuality; 4. the professionalization of queerness as a form of management consultancy for conventional masculinity, something that can be brought in to improve efficiency and effectiveness, like time-and-motion expertise, total-quality management, and just-in-time techniques; and 5. an endorsement of the spread of self-fashioning as a requirement of personal and professional achievement through the U.S. middle-class labor force.
Supersymmetry breaking and moduli stabilization in AdS

We study the one loop effective potential for the radion superfield in the supersymmetric Randall-Sundrum scenario with detuned brane tensions. At the classical level the distance between the branes is stabilized while the VEV of the fifth component of the graviphoton is a flat direction which breaks supersymmetry. At the quantum level a potential is generated. This leads to a toy model of a supersymmetric compactification with all the moduli stabilized perturbatively.
The Limits of Beauty: Effects of Physician Attractiveness and Biological Sex on Patient Trust, Satisfaction, and Disclosure

This study examines whether high physician attractiveness negatively affects patient perceptions and willingness to disclose and whether the effect of attractiveness interacts with the physician–patient sex combination. With a sample of 135 college-aged participants, results indicated that overly high physician attractiveness led to decreased patient trust, satisfaction, and willingness to disclose; the effect was more evident for highly attractive female physicians. The overly attractive female sex-concordant condition (i.e., female provider and female patient) received the lowest ratings, and the male sex-concordant condition suffered also, although not as badly. These findings suggest that where high physical attractiveness detracts from perceived physician professionalism, female physicians are the most influenced group.
The pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of lupus nephritis

Purpose of reviewRenal involvement is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus. In this review, we provide an update on recent discoveries in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of lupus nephritis. Recent findingsLocalized long-lived plasma cells have been identified as playing an important role in lupus nephritis. In addition, the roles of aberrant expression of microRNAs and proinflammatory cytokines have been explored. Early diagnosis is important for effective treatment and multiple biomarkers have been identified; however, none has been yet validated for clinical use. Biomarker panels may turn out to be more accurate than each individual component. Biologic agents for the treatment of lupus nephritis are being studied, including belimumab which was recently approved for nonrenal systemic lupus erythematosus. Rituximab has not proven itself in large, placebo-controlled trials, although it is still being used in refractory cases of lupus nephritis. SummaryLupus nephritis is a potentially devastating complication of systemic lupus erythematosus. Immune cells, cytokines, and epigenetic factors have all been recently implicated in lupus nephritis pathogenesis. These recent discoveries may enable a paradigm shift in the treatment of this complex disease, allowing the tailoring of treatment to target specific pathogenic mediators at specific points in time in the progression of disease. Video abstracthttp://links.lww. com/COR/A20
Managing the Privacy and Security of eHealth Data

The large scale adoption of mobile medicine, supported by an increasing number of medical devices and remote access to health services, correlated with the continuous involvement of the patients in their own healthcare, led to the emergence of tremendous amounts of clinical data. They need to be securely transferred, archived and accessed. This paper refers to a new approach for protecting the privacy and security of clinical data through the use of a state of the art encryption scheme and attribute-based access control authorization framework. As personal medical records are often used by different entities (e.g. Doctors, pharmacists, nurses, etc.), there is a need for different degrees of authorization access for specific parts of the personal dossier. Appropriate cryptographic tools are presented for allowing partial visibility and valid protection on authorized parts for hierarchical privacy protection of eHealth data. The encryption process relies on ARCANA, a security platform developed at ERISCS research laboratory from University Aix-Marseille. It provides the appropriate cryptographic tools for secure hierarchical access to healthcare data. This ensures that the access of various entities to the healthcare data is accurately and hierarchically controlled. The access control framework used in this research is based on XACML, a standard access control decision model specified by OASIS. The applicability and feasibility of XACML-based policies to regulate the access to patient data are demonstrated through SAFAX. SAFAX is a new public authorization framework developed by the Eindhoven University of Technology tested among others on eHealth case studies, in cooperation with Munich University of Applied Sciences. It is envisioned that the usage of data encryption and public authorization solutions to regulate access control on patients clinical data will have a big impact on the patient's trust in electronic healthcare systems and will speed up their large scale adoption.
In-Group Distinctiveness and Self-Affirmation as Dual Components of Prejudice Reduction

Hypotheses drawn from Tajfel and Turner's (1986) Social Identity Theory and a hypothesized “need for distinctiveness” predict that attention to how two groups differ, as opposed to how they are similar, should reduce prejudice. Previous research, however, indicates that a self-awareness manipulation is needed for prejudice reduction to occur (Zárate et al., 2000). It is possible, however, that the previous self-awareness manipulations acted as self-affirmation procedures, which may complicate any interpretations. Research by Fein and Spencer (1997) based on Self-Affirmation Theory show that self-affirmation procedures enhance self-concept, which acts to reduce expressed prejudice. The present studies test hypotheses concerning a need for distinctiveness and the role of the self in prejudice reduction. Participants were asked to focus on between-group similarities or between-group differences, after which participants performed a self-affirmation task (Experiment 1) or a negative self-awareness task (Experiment 2). Results demonstrate that attention to group differences, in conjunction with a self-awareness manipulation, reduces prejudice. The findings are discussed for the relevance to various theories of prejudice and for models of cultural pluralism.
Epitope-specific Evolution of Human CD8+ T Cell Responses from Primary to Persistent Phases of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection

Primary virus infection often elicits a large CD8+ T cell response which subsequently contracts to a smaller memory T cell pool; the relationship between these two virus-specific populations is not well understood. Here we follow the human CD8+ T cell response to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) from its primary phase in infectious mononucleosis (IM) through to the persistent carrier state. Using HLA-A2.1 or B8 tetramers specific for four lytic cycle and three latent cycle epitopes, we find marked differences in the epitope-specific composition of the T cell populations between the two phases of infection. The primary response is dominated by lytic epitope specificities which are severely culled (and in one case extinguished) with resolution of the acute infection; in contrast latent epitope specificities are less abundant, if present at all, in acute IM but often then increase their percentage representation in the CD8 pool. Even comparing epitopes of the same type, the relative size of responses seen in primary infection does not necessarily correlate with that seen in the longer term. We also follow the evolution of phenotypic change in these populations and show that, from a uniform CD45RA−RO+CCR7− phenotype in IM, lytic epitope responses show greater reversion to a CD45RA+RO− phenotype whereas latent epitope responses remain CD45RA−RO+ with a greater tendency to acquire CCR7. Interestingly these phenotypic distinctions reflect the source of the epitope as lytic or latent, and not the extent to which the response has been amplified in vivo.
Modulation of Ca 2 1 transient decay by tension and Ca 2 1 removal in hyperthyroid myocardium

Ishikawa, Tetsuya, Hidetoshi Kajiwara, and Satoshi Kurihara. Modulation of Ca21 transient decay by tension and Ca21 removal in hyperthyroid myocardium. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 45): H289–H299, 1999. —We investigated the contribution of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and Na1/Ca21 exchanger in the tension-dependent change in the decay of the Ca21 transients (CaT) in euthyroid (Eu) and hyperthyroid (Hy) myocardium. Hy was induced by thyroxine treatment to enhance the rate of SR Ca21 uptake. With the use of the aequorin method, CaT and tension in twitch contraction were simultaneously measured under various conditions (changing muscle length and Ca21 concentration in solution). In both groups, the decay time of CaT (DT) showed a significant dependence on the developed tension, but the tension dependence of DT in Hy was significantly less than in Eu. In the presence of caffeine (3 mM), the tension dependence of DT in Hy became apparent as in Eu. Inhibition of Na1/Ca21 exchanger by replacing Na1 with Li1 did not affect the dependence in Hy. The normalized extra Ca21, which is the Ca21 concentration change in response to a quick length change, in Hy was similar to that in Eu. pCa-tension relations of skinned trabeculae measured at different lengths (1.9 and 2.3 μm) were nearly identical in both groups. These results indicate that the tension-dependent change in the affinity of troponin C for Ca21 works in both Eu and Hy myocardium and that the tension-dependent change in DT is influenced by the Ca21 uptake rate of SR.
“Why Is This Happening to Me?:” The Attributional Make-Up of Negative Emotions Experienced in Emotional Support Encounters

Weiner's (2000) attributional model of intrapersonal motivations suggests that attributions influence not only people's emotional experiences, but also their behavioral responses to the events that caused these emotions. The current study investigates the causal dimensions (i.e., stability, controllability, locus) of five emotions (i.e., sadness, helplessness, hurt, fear, anger) people commonly experience when they are distressed and in need of emotional support. Participants (N = 258) were asked to identify an upsetting event and subsequently talk about it with a confederate helper in a five-minute conversation. After the conversation, participants completed attribution and emotion indices scales. The events discussed were coded into nine categories (e.g., death of a relative, college performance/job problems, break-ups). Results suggested that the five emotions possess a unique attributional make-up and are uniquely tied to specific events that were discussed by participants. Implications of the results are discussed in the context of providing emotional support to people who experience distress.
Ethnicity and Entrepreneurship in America: Toward an Explanation of Racial and Ethnic Group Variations in Self-Employment

Using data from the 1983–1987 General Social Surveys, this paper investigates the degree to which being self-employed is more prevalent within certain racial and ethnic groups than others. Those of Jewish ancestry were more likely than others to be self-employed; those from “racial” ethnic groups were generally less likely than white ethnics to be self-employed. In addition, being older, more educated, from a higher-income family, male, from the South, non-Catholic, and having a self-employed father also increased one's likelihood of being self-employed. A stratified analysis separately examining the effects among the offspring of the self-employed and others revealed that, among the progeny of the self-employed, those of African, English, Hispanic, and Asian descent were less likely to be self-employed. Among those whose fathers were not self-employed, only Jewish respondents were significantly more likely be self-employed, and those of African descent and Polish descent were less likely to be self-employed. The implications of these findings for research on ethnic entrepreneurship are discussed.