Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variations of the water soluble organic carbon mass fraction of aerosol in two valleys of the French Alps

Abstract. Concentrations of Water Soluble Organic Carbon (WSOC) and WSOC fraction to Organic Carbon (OC) were measured at two urban sites in valleys of the French Alps during a period of two and a half years. Concentrations were as high as 10–15μg C/m3 in winter, but there is a clear seasonal cycle of the WSOC fraction, with minima occurring during winter. This reflects a marked dependency on temperature, with the average WSOC fraction being stable at 54.8±7.7% and 75.9±6.3% for temperatures in the ranges −10 to +3°C and 12 to 24°C, respectively. Several points are noteworthy in this evolution. First, there are limiting factors that prevent lower mass fractions in the low temperature range and higher mass fractions in the high temperature range. Second, the mass fraction at the lower temperature is rather high, in apparent contradiction with OC being mainly insoluble close to the emission sources. Third, the range of 20% for the change of the WSOC fraction between these extreme conditions is indeed rather narrow when compared to evaluations of the secondary (and supposedly water soluble) OC fraction proposed in the literature, with most of the published values being in the range 40 to 70%. A comparison of the evolution of WSOC concentrations with that of dicarboxylic acids (DCA) clearly indicates the influence of two regimes in the formation of WSOC: one at higher temperatures classically linked with the increase of DCA concentrations and associated with oxidation processes, and another at lower temperatures involving a much lower increase of DCA concentrations. We proposed several hypotheses involving processes that could be responsible for the large concentrations of WSOC in the particulate phase at our sites during winter time.
Movement control testing of older people in community settings: description of a screening tool and intra-rater reliability

Objective: To determine the intra-rater reliability of a newly developed movement screening tool; the ‘Movement control screen for older people in community settings’. The movement screening tool aims to identify movement control impairments which can potentially influence movement function. Method: Thirty one active female recreational golfers, aged 65-77 years, carried out three movement control tests included in the screening tool. Performance was videorecorded to enable repeated ratings. Each test was evaluated by criteria which were rated as pass or fail and ratings were carried out three weeks apart to examine intra-rater reliability. Reliability was assessed using percentage agreement and Cohen’s Kappa. Results: Percentage agreement for each test ranged from 93.0-97.3%, with an overall mean agreement of 95.5%. Kappa values for test scores ranged from 0.35-0.90. Percentage agreement for individual criteria ranged from 83.0-100.0%, with kappa values ranging from 0.00-1.00. Discussion: Acceptable intra-rater reliability was established for overall tests scores of the screening tool but certain criteria were identified as being less reliable than others. Recommendations are made for refinement of some criteria to improve reliability of the screening tool.
Supernatural agency and forgiveness

The present research examined the hypothesis that supernatural agency attributions underlie the relation between religion and forgiveness. In two experiments a priming procedure was used to make religious concepts temporarily more salient. In Experiment 1, a religion prime marginally enhanced forgiveness but did not enhance supernatural attributions, compared to a control group. However, correlational support was found for the hypothesis that supernatural attributions were associated with more forgiveness, less punishment and less attributions of responsibility to the offender. In Experiment 2, we attempted to enhance supernatural attributions by first manipulating participants' sense of control (high vs. low) before presenting a religion prime. As expected, in the low control condition, religious priming enhanced the perceived likelihood that a higher power had an influence on violent situations, and enhanced participants' forgiveness towards the offenders. Importantly, mediation analysis further supported the existence of a relation between supernatural agency attributions and participants' ability to forgive.
The Effects of Talking-Head with Various Realism Levels on Students’ Emotions in Learning

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various realistic levels of talking-head on students’ emotions in pronunciation learning. Four talking-head characters with varying levels of realism were developed and tested: a nonrealistic three-dimensional character, a realistic three-dimensional character, a two-dimensional character, and an actual human character. The student’s emotional level was measured with the learning component of Achievement Emotions Questionnaire following their exploration of the instructional material on a self-paced learning method. The research method was a quasi-experimental design, and the data were analyzed using ANCOVA test. The sample consisted of 150 Semester 1 students from four community colleges. The findings revealed significant differences (p < .05) in emotion test outcomes among groups who received different levels of realism for the talking-head in pronunciation learning app. In conclusion, this study recommends a nonrealistic three-dimensional, two-dimensional, or actual human character as the most suitable design for the talking-head in instructional materials.
Intelligibility and perceived quality of spectrally-impoverished speech sounds

Ten listeners were asked to identify and rate the quality of speech sounds processed in such a way that only the most energetic spectral components were retained. The influence of both the number of retained spectral components and of the width of the frequency bands surrounding these components was studied. The sounds consisted of vowel-consonant-vowel stimuli produced by two male and two female speakers. Retaining five channels containing the most energetic spectral components was generally sufficient for the sounds to be correctly identified, and twenty frequency channels with a 20-Hz width proved sufficient to produce a “correct” sound quality.
Similarity Overlap Metric and Greedy String Tiling at PAN 2012 : Plagiarism Detection Notebook for PAN at CLEF 2012

This paper reports the best performed approach followed for the candidate document retrieval task and the approach used for the detailed comparison task of the Plagiarism detection track in PAN 2012. The aim of the participation was to understand a few of the computer-assisted approaches used for plagiarism detection. The plagiarism detection is dependent on two broad tasks, (1) the candidate document retrieval task and (2) the detailed comparison task. The N-gram similarity overlap metric was used for candidate document retrieval task and the greedy string tiling algorithm for detailed comparison task. The evaluation results suggested that the approach used for the candidate document retrieval task was highly competitive, but the approach used for detailed comparison task need much more improvement.
Practice wisdom in social work: an uncommon sense in the intersubjective encounter

ABSTRACT Social work is not, and should not be, a practice of common sense. The author revisited a vast array of literature on practice wisdom in social work and parallel conceptions in cognate disciplines. For better or worse, the idea of practice wisdom has been revitalized in standing against the deprofessionalization of social work. However, its ambiguity in meaning has somehow overridden its reputation. Practice wisdom is intuitive, tacit, and spontaneous in nature. It is an embodied phronesis of experienced practitioners. The author argues that practice wisdom in social work is not only the wisdom of analytical experience, but it is also the wisdom or a quality characterized by courtesy, kindness, consideration, compassion, and benevolence. It is uniquely uncommonsensical and has to be cultivated through the intersubjective encounter between the practitioner and service user.
Multiple Peptides Converge to Activate the Same Voltage-Dependent Current in a Central Pattern-Generating Circuit

The stomatogastric ganglion of the crab, Cancer borealis, is modulated by >20 different substances, including numerous neuropeptides. One of these peptides, proctolin, activates an inward current that shows strong outward rectification (Golowasch and Marder, 1992). Decreasing the extracellular Ca2+concentration linearizes the current–voltage curve of the proctolin-induced current. We used voltage clamp to study the currents evoked by proctolin and five additional modulators [C. borealis tachykinin-related peptide Ia (CabTRP Ia), crustacean cardioactive peptide, red pigment-concentrating hormone, TNRNFLRFamide, and the muscarinic agonist pilocarpine] in stomatogastric ganglion neurons, both in the intact ganglion and in dissociated cell culture. Subtraction currents yielded proctolin-like current–voltage relationships for all six substances, and the current–voltage curves of all six substances showed linearization in low external Ca2+. The lateral pyloric neuron responded to all six modulators, but the ventricular dilator neuron only responded to a subset of them. Bath application of saturating concentrations of proctolin occluded the response to CabTRP and vice versa.N-(6-Aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-napthalensulfonamide, a calmodulin inhibitor, increased the amplitude and altered the voltage dependence of the responses elicited by CabTRP and proctolin. Together, these data indicate that all six substances converge onto the same voltage-dependent current, although they activate different receptors. Therefore, differential network responses evoked by these substances may primarily depend on the receptor distribution on network neurons.
NUMERICAL COLOR–MAGNITUDE DIAGRAM ANALYSIS OF SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY DATA AND APPLICATION TO THE NEW MILKY WAY SATELLITES

We have tested the application to Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data of the software package MATCH, which fits color–magnitude diagrams (CMDs) to estimate stellar population parameters and distances. These tests on a set of six globular clusters show that these techniques recover their known properties. New ways of using the CMD-fitting software enable us to deal with an extended distribution of stars along the line-of-sight, to constrain the overall properties of sparsely populated objects, and to detect the presence of stellar overdensities in wide-area surveys. We then also apply MATCH to CMDs for 12 recently discovered Milky Way satellites to derive in a uniform fashion their distances, ages, and metallicities. While the majority of them appear consistent with a single stellar population, CVn I, UMa II, and Leo T exhibit (from SDSS data alone) a more complex history with multiple epochs of star formation.
The Parkes multibeam pulsar survey – IV. Discovery of 180 pulsars and parameters for 281 previously known pulsars

The Parkes multibeam pulsar survey has led to the discovery of more than 700 pulsars. In this paper, we provide timing solutions, flux densities and pulse profiles for 180 of these new discoveries. Two pulsars, PSRs J1736−2843 and J1847−0130, have rotational periods P > 6 s and are therefore among the slowest rotating radio pulsars known. Conversely, with P = 1.8 ms, PSR J1843−1113 has the third-shortest period of pulsars currently known. This pulsar and PSR J1905+0400 (P = 3.8 ms) are both solitary. We also provide orbital parameters for a new binary system, PSR J1420−5625, which has P = 34 ms, an orbital period of 40 d and a minimum companion mass of 0.4 solar masses. The 10 ◦ -wide strip along the Galactic plane that was surveyed is known to contain 264 radio pulsars that were discovered prior to the multibeam pulsar survey. We have redetected almost all of these pulsars and provide new dispersion measure values and flux densities at 20 cm for the redetected pulsars.
Inclination-Dependent Extinction Effects in Disk Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

We analyze the r-band absolute magnitude and u − r color of low-redshift (z < 0.06) galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 6. Galaxies with nearly exponential profiles (Sloan parameter fracDeV < 0.1) fall on the blue sequence of the color-magnitude diagram; if, in addition, these exponential galaxies have Mr≲ − 19, they show a dependence of u − r color on apparent axis ratio q expected for a dusty disk galaxy. We create a subsample of bright exponential galaxies, with typical Hubble types Sbc and Sc; then, by comparing the normalized luminosity functions for galaxies with different values of q, we measure how the high-luminosity cutoff of the luminosity function depends on apparent axis ratio. In this way, we measure a dependence of dimming on apparent axis ratio well fit by the relation Δ Mr = 1.27(log q)2, rather than the Δ M ∝ log q law that is frequently assumed. When the absolute magnitudes of bright exponential galaxies are corrected to their “face-on” value, M fr = Mr − Δ Mr, the average u − r color is linearly dependent on M fr for a given value of q; the value of d(u − r)/dM fr ranges from ~0.10 for nearly face-on galaxies (q > 0.9) to ~0.26 for nearly edge-on galaxies (q < 0.3). When the dimming law Δ Mr ∝ (log q)2 is used to create an inclination-corrected sample of bright exponential galaxies, their apparent shapes are consistent with a distribution of mildly noncircular disks, with median short-to-long axis ratio γ ≈ 0.22 and median disk ellipticity ϵ ≈ 0.08.
Manin Triples for Lie Bialgebroids

In his study of Dirac structures, a notion which includes both Poisson structures and closed 2-forms, T. Courant introduced a bracket on the direct sum of vector fields and 1-forms. This bracket does not satisfy the Jacobi identity except on certain subspaces. In this paper we systematize the properties of this bracket in the definition of a Courant algebroid. This structure on a vector bundle $E\rightarrow M$, consists of an antisymmetric bracket on the sections of $E$ whose ``Jacobi anomaly'' has an explicit expression in terms of a bundle map $E\rightarrow TM$ and a field of symmetric bilinear forms on $E$. When $M$ is a point, the definition reduces to that of a Lie algebra carrying an invariant nondegenerate symmetric bilinear form. For any Lie bialgebroid $(A,A^{*})$ over $M$ (a notion defined by Mackenzie and Xu), there is a natural Courant algebroid structure on $A\oplus A^{*}$ which is the Drinfel'd double of a Lie bialgebra when $M$ is a point. Conversely, if $A$ and $A^*$ are complementary isotropic subbundles of a Courant algebroid $E$, closed under the bracket (such a bundle, with dimension half that of $E$, is called a Dirac structure), there is a natural Lie bialgebroid structure on $(A,A^{*})$ whose double is isomorphic to $E$. The theory of Manin triples is thereby extended from Lie algebras to Lie algebroids. Our work gives a new approach to bihamiltonian structures and a new way of combining two Poisson structures to obtain a third one. We also take some tentative steps toward generalizing Drinfel'd's theory of Poisson homogeneous spaces from groups to groupoids.
A Possible Origin of the Mass–Metallicity Relation of Galaxies

Abstract Previous attempts to explain the observed mass–metallicity relation of galaxies invoked selective outflows that need to be tuned to the particular cases. Here we demonstrate that the simple concept of a star-formation history (SFH) dependent galaxy-wide integrated galactic initial stellar mass function (the IGIMF) can easily and naturally explain the mass–metallicity relation. The idea relies on the simple fact that stars form in clusters. So to construct the IGIMF one needs to add all the stellar IMFs in the clusters formed in one epoch. The SFH enters because a galaxy with a high SFR can form more-massive clusters than a galaxy with a low SFR. Dwarf galaxies therefore have, per unit stellar mass formed, far fewer if any supernovae of type II than massive galaxies. This work rests on the recent paper by Köppen, Weidner & Kroupa (2007).
Band-limited signal concentration in time-frequency

This paper studies signal concentration in time-frequency using the general constrained variational method of Franks. We apply this method to formulate the minimum fourth-moment time-duration measure in the time interval [—T/2, T/2] for band-limited signals. An orthonormal basis of band-limited functions with the minimum fourth-moment time-duration measure is obtained. Comparing our optimal band-limited signals with Gabor's function with the minimum second-moment time-duration measure, simulation results show that our function has better properties: 1) faster decaying rate; 2) larger main lobe; and 3) higher energy concentration measure.
Vertebral and Intraspinal Anomalies in Indian Population with Congenital Scoliosis: A Study of 119 Consecutive Patients

Study Design Retrospective case study by clinical and radiological data analysis. Purpose To analyze different types of vertebral anomalies and the incidence of associated intraspinal anomalies in the Indian population. Overview of Literature This is the largest study of congenital scoliosis and associated intraspinal anomalies in Indian population. Incidence of intraspinal anomaly in this series is 47% which is higher than previous literature. Hemivertebra was the most common anomaly as seen in previous studies. Methods A total of 119 patients with congenital scoliosis who underwent surgery between December 2006 and December 2012 were studied. Data was reviewed with medical records, plain radiographs, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Results Thoracolumbar curve was most common, seen in 43.6% of patients. In addition to scoliotic deformity, kyphosis was seen in 26% of patients. Failure of formation, the most common vertebral anomaly, was seen in 51.2% of patients, failure of segmentation was seen in 19.3% of patients, and there were 29.4% patients having both formation and segmentation anomalies. Hemivertebra was the most common vertebral anomaly seen in 66.3% of patients and for whom 63.2% were in thoracic spine. Intraspinal anomalies were associated with 47% of patients with congenital scoliosis. Tethered cord was the most common intraspinal abnormality and was found in 48.2% patients with intraspinal anomalies. The patients with failure of segmentation and mixed deformities were found to have a significantly higher incidence of intraspinal anomalies (65% and 57%, respectively) than those with failure of formation (34%). Out of 31 patients with kyphotic deformity 29% had intraspinal anomalies, and amongst them tethered cord was the most common anomaly seen in 66% patients. Out of 12 patients with neurocutaneous markers, 83% patients had intraspinal anomaly. Conclusions Intraspinal anomalies were seen in 47% of patients with congenital scoliosis in the Indian population. Tethered cord was the most common intraspinal anomaly, seen in 48% cases of congenital scoliosis. Hemivertebra was seen in 66% cases and was the most common vertebral defect. Hence MRI imaging of whole spine should be done in all cases of congenital scoliosis before any surgical intervention. Special attention should be given to physical examination and visualization of any neurocutaneous markers, which are associated with a higher incidence of intraspinal anomalies; absence of a neurocutaneous marker, however, does not rule out intraspinal anomaly.
Particle concentration and flux dynamics in the atmospheric boundary layer as the indicator of formation mechanism

Abstract. We carried out column model simulations to study particle fluxes and deposition and to evaluate different particle formation mechanisms at a boreal forest site in Finland. We show that kinetic nucleation of sulphuric acid cannot be responsible for new particle formation alone as the simulated vertical profile of particle number concentration does not correspond to observations. Instead organic induced nucleation leads to good agreement confirming the relevance of the aerosol formation mechanism including organic compounds emitted by the biosphere. The simulation of aerosol concentration within the atmospheric boundary layer during nucleation event days shows a highly dynamical picture, where particle formation is coupled with chemistry and turbulent transport. We have demonstrated the suitability of our turbulent mixing scheme in reproducing the most important characteristics of particle dynamics within the boundary layer. Deposition and particle flux simulations show that deposition affects noticeably only the smallest particles in the lowest part of the atmospheric boundary layer.
An approximate message passing algorithm for robust face recognition

This paper focuses on algorithmic approaches to solve the robust face recognition problem where the test face image can be corrupted. The standard approach is to formulate the problem as a sparse recovery problem and solve it using ℓ1-minimization. As an alternative, the approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm had been tested but resulted in pessimistic results. Our contribution is to successfully solve this problem using the AMP framework. Recently developed adaptive damping technique has been adopted to address the issue that AMP normally only works well with Gaussian matrices. Statistical models are designed to capture the nature of the signal more authentically. Expectation maximization (EM) method has been used to learn the unknown hyper-parameters of the statistical model in an online fashion. Simulations demonstrate that our method achieves better recognition performance than the impressive benchmark ℓ1-minimization, is robust to the initial values of hyper-parameters, and exhibits low computational cost.
On Balancing Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) require protocols that make judicious use of the limited energy capacity of the sensor nodes. In this paper, the potential performance improvement gained by balancing the traffic throughout the WSN is investigated. We show that sending the traffic generated by each sensor node through multiple paths, instead of a single path, allows significant energy conservation. A new analytical model for load-balanced systems is complemented by simulation to quantitatively evaluate the benefits of the proposed load-balancing technique. Specifically, we derive the set of paths to be used by each sensor node and the associated weights (i.e., the proportion of utilization) that maximize the network lifetime.