Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stable Introduction of a Life-Shortening Wolbachia Infection into the Mosquito Aedes aegypti

Most pathogens require a relatively long period of development in their mosquito vector before they can be transmitted to a new human host; hence, only older insects are of epidemiological importance. The successful transfer of a life-shortening strain of the inherited bacterial symbiont, Wolbachia, into the major mosquito vector of dengue, Aedes aegypti, halved adult life span under laboratory conditions. The association is stable, and the Wolbachia strain is maternally inherited at high frequency. It is capable of inducing complete cytoplasmic incompatibility, which should facilitate its invasion into natural field populations and its persistence over time. Our data suggest that targeting mosquito age with inherited Wolbachia infections may be a viable strategy to reduce the transmission of pathogens such as dengue viruses.
A top-down analysis of Xa- and Xi-territories reveals differences of higher order structure at ≥ 20 Mb genomic length scales

The active and inactive X (Xa;Xi) territory with its seemingly highly compacted Barr body in nuclei of female mammalian cells provide a key example for studies of structure/function relationships in homologous chromosomes with different functional properties. Here we used about 300 human X-specific large insert clones to generate probe sets, which target physically or functionally defined sub-chromosomal segments. We combined 3D multicolor FISH with quantitative 3D image analysis in order to compare the higher order organization in Xi-and Xa-territories in human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs) at various length scales ranging from about 50 Mb down to 1 Mb. Xi-territories were characterized by a rounder shape as compared to the flatter and more extended shape of Xa-territories. The overall compaction of the entire Xi-territory, including the Barr body, was only 1.2-fold higher than the Xa-territory. Significant differences, however, were noted between distinct subchromosomal segments: At 20 Mb length scales higher compaction in Xi-territories was restricted to specific segments, but higher compaction in these segments was not correlated with gene density, transcriptional activity, LINE content or histone markers locally enriched in Xi-territories. Notably, higher compaction in Xi-territories observed for 20 Mb segments was not reflected accordingly by inclosed segments of 1-4 Mb. We conclude that compaction differences result mainly from a regrouping of ~1 Mb chromatin domains rather than from an increased condensation of individual domains. In contrast to a previous report, genes subject to inactivation as well as escaping from inactivation were not excluded from the interior of the Barr body.
Moulded calculus of common bile duct mimicking a stenosis

Bile duct stenosis, in most cases, appears to be the consequence of pancreatic head, ampulla of Vater and bile duct tumours, cholangitis sclerosans, as well as iatrogenic damages, which may all be diagnosed during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). In very rare cases the restriction may result from an atypically shaped wedged stone. This situation creates many diagnostic problems, which in the majority of cases can be solved using imaging studies. However, in some patients even a significant extension of diagnostic procedures may not lead to a correct diagnosis. We present a diagnostically difficult case of a deposit imitating restriction. We present a 70-year-old woman with common bile duct restriction undiagnosed despite several ultrasound examinations (USG), computed tomography (CT), double magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Only after the third ERCP examination a fragmented, by formerly introduced prosthesis, deposit, imitating narrowing, was revealed. Identification of bile duct deposits depends on their composition, localisation and the imaging techniques used. Pigment calculi with atypical shape, bile density, air density or surrounding tissue density are very difficult to diagnose. Thus, the sensitivity of common bile duct stone detection in USG, CT, MRCP and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is 5–88%; 6–88%; 73–97%; and 84–98%, respectively. Moreover, ERCP may not diagnose the character of the restriction even in 5.2% up to 30% of the patients. Consequently, assessment of diagnosis in a number of patients is difficult. A deposit imitating common bile duct (CBD) restriction is a rare, difficult to diagnose phenomenon, which should be taken into account during differential diagnosis of CBD restrictions.
Differentiating between Child Maltreatment Experiences

Australian Institute of Family Studies 50 and impact of childhood experiences of sexual abuse (Rind, Bauserman and Tromovitch 1998) and, to a lesser extent, physical abuse and physical neglect (Malinosky-Rummell and Hansen 1993). More recently, attention has been directed to understanding the nature, prevalence, and consequences of psychological maltreatment (Briere and Runtz 1990; O’Hagan 1995) and of witnessing family violence during childhood (Parkinson and Humphreys 1998). Researchers have typically examined each of the maltreatment sub-types in isolation, with little attempt to evaluate their coexistence or the long-term correlates of experiencing multiple types of maltreatment (Rosenberg 1987). From the many thousands of studies that have been published on childhood experiences of maltreatment, in a 2001 review, only 29 studies were identified of adult retrospective reports in which hildren are particularly vulnerable to different kinds of victimisation due to their developmental immaturity: physically, cognitively and emotionally (Finkelhor and Dziuba-Leatherman 1994). Researchers have identified a range of different maltreatment types (or sub-types) to which children are subjected. These behaviours are defined either by perpetrator behaviour or by the type of harm that results to the child (Bromfield and Higgins 2004). Child maltreatment research has developed considerably in the past 40 years since the issue came to public recognition with the publication of the first paper on physical abuse in 1962 (Kempe, Silverman, Steele, Droegemueller and Silver 1962). In the past two decades in particular, extensive attention has been given to evaluating the prevalence C Differentiating between child maltreatment experiences Is differentiating between maltreatment sub-types helpful in explaining outcomes for victim/survivors of child maltreatment? Results from an analysis of parent-report and adult self-report data suggest that the degree (frequency a n d s e ve r i t y ) to w h i c h young people experience abusive/neglectful behaviours is more important than the particular subtype of maltreatment in explaining subsequent psychological problems.
Raw potato starch and short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides affect the composition and metabolic activity of rat intestinal microbiota differently depending on the caecocolonic segment involved.

AIMS In vitro studies have suggested that fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and resistant starch (two fermentable non-digestible carbohydrates) display different fermentation kinetics. This study investigated whether these substrates affect the metabolic activity and bacterial composition of the intestinal microflora differently depending on the caecocolonic segment involved. METHODS AND RESULTS Eighteen rats were fed a low-fibre diet (Basal) or the same diet containing raw potato starch (RPS) (9%) or short-chain FOS (9%) for 14 days. Changes in wet-content weights, bacterial populations and metabolites were investigated in the caecum, proximal and distal colon and faeces. Both substrates exerted a prebiotic effect compared with the Basal diet. However, FOS increased lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAPB) throughout the caecocolon and in faeces, whereas the effect of RPS was limited to the caecum and proximal colon. As compared with RPS, FOS doubled the pool of caecal fermentation products, while the situation was just the opposite distally. This difference was mainly because of the anatomical distribution of lactate, which accumulated in the caecum with FOS and in the distal colon with RPS. Faeces reflected these impacts only partly, showing the prebiotic effect of FOS and the metabolite increase induced by RPS. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that FOS and RPS exert complementary caecocolonic effects. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The RPS and FOS combined ingestion could be beneficial by providing health-promoting effects throughout the caecocolon.
Hemostatic Markers in Acute Transient Ischemic Attacks

Background and Purpose Hemostatic abnormalities have been shown previously in stroke patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the activity of selected parameters of the coagulation system in acute reversible cerebral ischemia. Methods We measured fibrinopeptide A, thrombin-anti-thrombin III, and D-dimer in 36 patients in both the acute (<7 days) and postacute stage (1 and 3 months) after a transient ischemic attack (TIA). The results were compared with those of 20 asymptomatic patients with a history of remote TIA and 65 age- and sex-matched controls. Results Mean fibrinopeptide A and thrombin-antithrombin III values were elevated in the acute stage after a TIA (P<.02) compared with levels at 1 month. In contrast, D-dimer was significantly increased at all three time points after the event when compared with remote TIA (p<.05) or control subjects (P<.001). No association could be found between marker levels and clinical outcome or the degree of cervical atherosclerosis as assessed by duplex ultrasonography. Conclusions These findings suggest that after acute reversible cerebral ischemia, there is early transient activation of thrombogenesis and ongoing fibrinolysis. (Stroke. 1994;25: 282-286.)
The Effects of a Smartphone Addiction Education Program for Young Adult Females

This study investigated the development of an educational prevention program for smartphone addiction and how it can affect smartphone addiction, knowledge and attitudes after education for nursing students and staff comprising of experimental groups (26 nursing students) and control group (27 nursing students) in a university. The experimental group was given prevention education, while the control group was given nothing. SPSS 21.0 program was used to compare the before and after smartphone addiction, knowledge and attitude scores along with the t-test to analyze the differences. The average smartphone addiction (t=-2.41, p=.016) and knowledge scores (t=4.56, p=0.002) of the experimental group statistically significantly increased, while the attitude score (t=1.24, p=.321) of experimental group did not significantly increase. This study demonstrates that a prevention education program can be effective for smartphone addiction and knowledge of nursing students and staff in a university.
The Painful Accessory Navicular: A Clinical and Histopathological Study

Twenty-two skeletally immature patients with 39 accessory tarsal navicular bones were seen over a 4-yr period. Twenty-five of the feet with accessory naviculars were symptomatic and, after failure of conservative treatment, were treated by excision of the accessory bone, the synchondrosis, and the prominent portion of the main navicular ossification process. No attempt was made to reroute the posterior tibial tendon. All 25 operative feet were completely relieved of the preoperative pain. The external oblique view was found to be the best radiographic view to demonstrate the accessory navicular. Histological findings in the surgical specimens included areas of microfracture through the cartilaginous synchondrosis, acute and chronic inflammation, and cellular proliferation indicative of attempted repair. These changes are consistent with the theory that chronic chondro-osseous tensile failure can occur in this condition and is responsible for the clinical findings.
Many-state relaxation model for the Mössbauer spectra of superparamagnets.

The stochastic relaxation theory of Anderson and Sack is applied to the M\"ossbauer spectra superparamagnetic particles with uniaxial anisotropy by including all possible values of the component of the magnetization along the quantization axis explicitly in the calculation. It is shown that for particles with a large number of states the M\"ossbauer line shape can be expressed directly in terms of the solution of a differential equation. Explicit solution of this equation in the low-temperature (high anisotropy barrier) approximation leads to effective relaxation rates between the two discrete allowed orientations of the magnetization. These rates are equivalent to those derived by Brown only if the relaxation matrix elements are assumed to have a certain rather arbitrary dependence on the temperature and magnetization.
Novel Preclinical and Radiopharmaceutical Aspects of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC: A New PET Tracer for Imaging of Prostate Cancer

The detection of prostate cancer lesions by PET imaging of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has gained highest clinical impact during the last years. 68Ga-labelled Glu-urea-Lys(Ahx)-HBED-CC ([68Ga]Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC) represents a successful novel PSMA inhibitor radiotracer which has recently demonstrated its suitability in individual first-in-man studies. The radiometal chelator HBED-CC used in this molecule represents a rather rarely used acyclic complexing agent with chemical characteristics favourably influencing the biological functionality of the PSMA inhibitor. The simple replacement of HBED-CC by the prominent radiometal chelator DOTA was shown to dramatically reduce the in vivo imaging quality of the respective 68Ga-labelled PSMA-targeted tracer proving that HBED-CC contributes intrinsically to the PSMA binding of the Glu-urea-Lys(Ahx) pharmacophore. Owing to the obvious growing clinical impact, this work aims to reflect the properties of HBED-CC as acyclic radiometal chelator and presents novel preclinical data and relevant aspects of the radiopharmaceutical production process of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC.
Distribution of Auditory and Visual Naming Sites in Nonlesional Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients and Patients with Space‐Occupying Temporal Lobe Lesions

Summary: Purpose: Current knowledge regarding the topography of essential language cortex is based primarily on stimulation mapping studies of nonlesional epilepsy patients. We sought to determine whether space‐occupying temporal lobe lesions are associated with a similar topography of language sites, as this information would be useful in surgical planning.
The relationship between satisfaction, motivation, and caseload and teacher retention

Teacher retention has long been a major issue in the educational sector. In today’s schools, effective teachers are a necessity for meeting the fluctuating needs of society. The purpose of this quantitative, correlational, predictive study was to examine the relationship between satisfaction, motivation, and caseload in relation to teacher retention for elementary special education teachers in southwest Virginia. This study incorporates the Three C’s of Education theory (Sher, 1983) and the influence of characteristics, conditions, and compensation. Non-experimental research with a correlational design was implemented along with the criterion variable (retention) and the predictor variables (satisfaction, motivation, and caseload). Participants included 151 elementary special education teachers from six public school districts located in southwest Virginia during the 2015-2016 school year. A multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data collected. Instrumentation used in this study included the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) and the Work Motivation Scale for Teachers (WTMST) to measure job satisfaction, motivation, and caseload as factors that contribute to the attrition and retention of special education teachers. No significant relationship was found between satisfaction, motivation, and caseload in relation to teacher retention between elementary special education teachers in southwest Virginia.
The Inhibition of Stuttering Via the Perceptions and Production of Syllable Repetitions

ABSTRACT In contrast to most therapeutic protocols for stuttering that induce fluency while producing speech targets, we investigated the possibility of inducing “carry-over” fluency prior to normal speech production. Ten adults who stutter read 7–12 syllable phrases after actively producing (via shadowing) or passively listening to: (a) repeating syllables, matched to the initial syllable of the target utterance; (b) repeating syllables, not matched to the initial syllable of the target; (c) nonrepeating syllables; and (d) fricative /noise-like acoustic signals. Relative to baseline, all active syllabic conditions produced ∼70% inhibition (reduction) of stuttering in the ensuing target utterances, which is attributed to carry-over from fluent shadowing. The most robust passive inhibition (56%) resulted from listening to matched repeating syllables. These findings further sustain that a perception-production link in speech, possibly resulting from mirror neuron activity, can facilitate the inhibition of stuttering. However, in this study we further demonstrate gestural and temporal flexibility of this mechanism, showing that this inhibitory strategy may be enacted prior to producing speech targets. We discuss possible clinical implications and draw comparisons between core stuttering behaviors (i.e., repetitions and prolongations) and behavioral therapeutic strategies (e.g., slowed speech, preparatory sets) used to inhibit or eliminate stuttering.
Genetic and environmental effects on the morphological asymmetry in the scale‐eating cichlid fish, Perissodus microlepis

Abstract The scale‐eating cichlid fish, Perissodus microlepis, from Lake Tanganyika are a well‐known example of an asymmetry dimorphism because the mouth/head is either left‐bending or right‐bending. However, how strongly its pronounced morphological laterality is affected by genetic and environmental factors remains unclear. Using quantitative assessments of mouth asymmetry, we investigated its origin by estimating narrow‐sense heritability (h 2) using midparent–offspring regression. The heritability estimates [field estimate: h 2 = 0.22 ± 0.06, P = 0.013; laboratory estimate: h 2 = 0.18 ± 0.05, P = 0.004] suggest that although variation in laterality has some additive genetic component, it is strongly environmentally influenced. Family‐level association analyses of a putative microsatellite marker that was claimed to be linked to gene(s) for laterality revealed no association of this locus with laterality. Moreover, the observed phenotype frequencies in offspring from parents of different phenotype combinations were not consistent with a previously suggested single‐locus two‐allele model, but they neither were able to reject with confidence a random asymmetry model. These results reconcile the disputed mechanisms for this textbook case of mouth asymmetry where both genetic and environmental factors contribute to this remarkable case of morphological asymmetry.
Increase in GAP‐43 and GFAP immunoreactivity int the rat hippocampus subsequent to perforant path kindling

Kindling is an animal model of epilepsy which is accompanied by morphological and biochemical changes in the brain, including sprouting of fibers and increased transmitter release. Here we have examined the immunocytochemical expression of (1) GAP‐43, a growth‐associated protein, which is a neuron‐specific PKC substrate, particularly expressed in development and regeneration and (2) glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), part of the astrocytic cytoskeleton, after perforant path kiraling. Subsequent to kindling, GAP‐43 imimunoreacliviiy was increased in CAI stratum lacunosum‐moleculare and the inner and outer molecular layer of the fascia dentata. Other hippocampal subregions showed a lower increase. GFAP immunoreactivity was increased in the entire hippocampus, but especially in stratum lacunosum‐moleculare of the CAI and the hilus of fascia dentata. The difference between the number of GFAP‐positive profiles in the hippocampus of control rats and in fully kindled rats was found to be non‐significant. We interpret these findings as being related to both plastic neuronal changes and possible neuronal degeneration. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Online learning of timeout policies for dynamic power management

Dynamic power management (DPM) refers to strategies which selectively change the operational states of a device during runtime to reduce the power consumption based on the past usage pattern, the current workload, and the given performance constraint. The power management problem becomes more challenging when the workload exhibits nonstationary behavior which may degrade the performance of any single or static DPM policy. This article presents a reinforcement learning (RL)-based DPM technique for optimal selection of timeout values in the different device states. Each timeout period determines how long the device will remain in a particular state before the transition decision is taken. The timeout selection is based on workload estimates derived from a Multilayer Artificial Neural Network (ML-ANN) and an objective function given by weighted performance and power parameters. Our DPM approach is further able to adapt the power-performance weights online to meet user-specified power and performance constraints, respectively. We have completely implemented our DPM algorithm on our embedded traffic surveillance platform and performed long-term experiments using real traffic data to demonstrate the effectiveness of the DPM. Our results show that the proposed learning algorithm not only adequately explores the power-performance trade-off with nonstationary workload but can also successfully perform online adjustment of the trade-off parameter in order to meet the user-specified constraint.
An Evaluation Framework for Lossy Compression of Genome Sequencing Quality Values

This paper provides the specification and an initial validation of an evaluation framework for the comparison of lossy compressors of genome sequencing quality values. The goal is to define reference data, test sets, tools and metrics that shall be used to evaluate the impact of lossy compression of quality values on human genome variant calling. The functionality of the framework is validated referring to two state-of-the-art genomic compressors. This work has been spurred by the current activity within the ISO/IEC SC29/WG11 technical committee (a.k.a. MPEG), which is investigating the possibility of starting a standardization activity for genomic information representation.
Evidence‐based review of treatment options for patients with glottic cancer

Evidence‐based medicine integrates the best available data in decision making, with the goal of minimizing physicians' and patients' subjectivity. In 2006, the American Society of Clinical Oncology edited clinical practice guidelines for the use of larynx preservation strategies. The objective of this review was to evaluate the current levels of evidence for glottic squamous cell carcinoma. Current guidelines for early stage glottic cancer are based on low‐level evidence. Conservation surgery (open or transoral) and radiation therapy are all valid options for T1 and selected T2 lesions. For advanced lesions, surgery and combined chemotherapy and radiation are options. High‐level evidence favors combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy or altered fractionation radiation therapy as nonsurgical strategies for organ preservation, compared with radiation therapy alone. The optimal combination of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and radiation therapy remains to be demonstrated, however, and for high‐volume tumors, total laryngectomy may still be warranted. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011