Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perceived Workplace Gender Discrimination and Employee Consequences: A Meta-Analysis and Complementary Studies Considering Country Context

We draw on relative deprivation theory to examine how the context influences the relationship between employees’ perceptions of gender discrimination and outcomes at work using a meta-analysis and two complementary empirical studies. Our meta-analysis includes 85 correlations from published and unpublished studies from around the world to assess correlates of perceived workplace gender discrimination that have significant implications for employees. We extend relative deprivation theory to identify national differences in labor laws and cultural norms as contextual factors that affect the threshold for feeling deprived and moderate the relationship between perceived workplace gender discrimination and employee outcomes. Findings show that perceived gender discrimination is negatively related to job attitudes, physical health outcomes and behaviors, psychological health, and work-related outcomes (job-based and relationship-based). Correlations between perceived workplace gender discrimination and physical health outcomes and behaviors were stronger in countries with more broadly integrated labor policies and stringently enforced labor practices focused on promoting gender equality. Correlations were also stronger in countries with more gender-egalitarian cultural practices across multiple employee outcomes of perceived workplace gender discrimination. Further, results from two complementary studies (one employee survey and one experiment) supported the meta-analytic findings and provided evidence of the relative deprivation rationale central to our theory. Implications for research and practice include the need to consider the influence of the country context in organizational decisions to prevent and address gender discrimination and its consequences for employees and ultimately, for employers.
Correlation between Anxiety and Willingness to Communicate in the Indonesian EFL Context

This present study probes the relationship between English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students’ language anxiety and their willingness to communicate. The research questions are threefold: a) What are the types of anxiety experienced by the students, b) What is the anxiety level of them, and c) What is the correlation between foreign language anxiety (FLA) and the willingness to communicate (WTC) of the students. Quantitative descriptive approach was employed and the data were collected from 98 participants in an English Department by making use of the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) and Likert-type WTC Scale. Pearson Correlation test was run to provide answers of the research questions. The results of this study indicated a strong positive correlation between learners’ foreign language classroom anxiety and their willingness to communicate. Fear of negative evaluation, test anxiety, and communication apprehension were the students’ types of anxiety. In addition, students had high level of anxiety, which in turn, made them difficult in dealing with language learning process and tend to have low desire to speak. Therefore, this study tries to highlight whether anxiety is a significant barrier to WTC, to determine the types and level of FLA, as well as to provide suggestions to help minimize the anxiety.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring IQ.

BACKGROUND Maternal smoking in pregnancy lowers birthweight. It is unclear, however, whether smoking during pregnancy lowers offspring IQ, and, if it does, whether it is through the smoking effect on fetal growth. METHOD Representative samples of low birthweight (<2500 g) and normal birthweight children born in 1983-85 from inner-city and suburban communities in southeast Michigan, USA were assessed at ages 6, 11, and 17, using Wechsler intelligence tests. Smoking during pregnancy was ascertained from mothers at the first assessment; and smoking at any time was ascertained at the first and second assessment. Generalized estimating equation models were used, with children's IQ at all three assessments as outcomes (n = 798). RESULTS Without adjustment, offspring of mothers who smoked during pregnancy scored 6.8 IQ points lower than offspring of mothers who never smoked, on average. Low birthweight children scored 5.4 IQ points lower than normal birthweight children, on average. The statistical association of maternal smoking with offspring IQ was confounded by maternal characteristics, chiefly, maternal cognitive ability as measured by IQ and education; adjustment for these factors eliminated the association. By contrast, adjustment for maternal IQ and education as well as smoking during pregnancy had a negligible effect on the low birthweight-related IQ deficit. Low birthweight did not mediate the association of smoking and lowered IQ in offspring. CONCLUSION Maternal smoking during pregnancy is a proxy for a matrix of vulnerabilities for adverse child cognitive development and has no direct causal effect on child's IQ. The relationship of low birthweight and IQ is independent of maternal smoking and maternal cognitive abilities.
Stereotype Threat May Not Impact Women’s Inhibitory Control or Mathematical Performance: Providing Support for the Null Hypothesis

Underpinned by the findings of Jamieson and Harkins (2007; Experiment 3, Journal of Personality & Social Psychology), the current study pits the mere effort motivational account of stereotype threat against a working memory interference account. In Experiment 1, females were primed with a negative self- or group stereotype pertaining to their visuospatial ability and completed an anti-saccade eye-tracking task. In Experiment 2 they were primed with a negative or positive group stereotype and completed an anti-saccade and mental arithmetic task. Findings indicate that stereotype threat did not significantly impair women’s inhibitory control (Experiments 1 & 2) or mathematical performance (Experiment 2), with Bayesian analyses providing support for the null hypothesis. These findings are discussed in relation to potential moderating factors of stereotype threat, such as task difficulty and stereotype endorsement, as well as the possibility that effect sizes reported in the stereotype threat literature are inflated due to publication bias.
Building middleware for real-time dependable distributed services

We consider a real-time, distributed service to be dependable if it continues to have timely, predictable behavior even in the presence of partial failures. Services with this property are desirable in a host of real-time scenarios, including factory floor automation, medical monitoring equipment, and combat systems. Most distributed services built with contemporary fault-tolerance toolkits are not dependable; they exhibit unpredictable, albeit logically correct, behavioral patterns under failure conditions. We have designed and implemented middleware explicitly for real-time dependable services. We aimed at maintaining sub-second worst-case guarantees for failure detection and recovery, even when failures conspire with network load and CPU load to undermine determinism. The paper reports our experience in marrying software fault tolerance and real-time disciplines, from the definition of the requirements to the characterization of the resulting system.
Host-Associated Genomic Features of the Novel Uncultured Intracellular Pathogen Ca. Ichthyocystis Revealed by Direct Sequencing of Epitheliocysts

Advances in single-cell and mini-metagenome sequencing have enabled important investigations into uncultured bacteria. In this study, we applied the mini-metagenome sequencing method to assemble genome drafts of the uncultured causative agents of epitheliocystis, an emerging infectious disease in the Mediterranean aquaculture species gilthead seabream. We sequenced multiple cyst samples and constructed 11 genome drafts from a novel beta-proteobacterial lineage, Candidatus Ichthyocystis. The draft genomes demonstrate features typical of pathogenic bacteria with an obligate intracellular lifestyle: a reduced genome of up to 2.6 Mb, reduced G + C content, and reduced metabolic capacity. Reconstruction of metabolic pathways reveals that Ca. Ichthyocystis genomes lack all amino acid synthesis pathways, compelling them to scavenge from the fish host. All genomes encode type II, III, and IV secretion systems, a large repertoire of predicted effectors, and a type IV pilus. These are all considered to be virulence factors, required for adherence, invasion, and host manipulation. However, no evidence of lipopolysaccharide synthesis could be found. Beyond the core functions shared within the genus, alignments showed distinction into different species, characterized by alternative large gene families. These comprise up to a third of each genome, appear to have arisen through duplication and diversification, encode many effector proteins, and are seemingly critical for virulence. Thus, Ca. Ichthyocystis represents a novel obligatory intracellular pathogenic beta-proteobacterial lineage. The methods used: mini-metagenome analysis and manual annotation, have generated important insights into the lifestyle and evolution of the novel, uncultured pathogens, elucidating many putative virulence factors including an unprecedented array of novel gene families.
The Centre for Market and Public Organisation Reputation and Ownership of Public Goods Reputation and Ownership of Public Goods

The Centre for Market and Public Organisation (CMPO) is a leading research centre, combining expertise in economics, geography and law. Our objective is to study the intersection between the public and private sectors of the economy, and in particular to understand the right way to organise and deliver public services. The Centre aims to develop research, contribute to the public debate and inform policy-making. CMPO, now an ESRC Research Centre was established in 1998 with two large grants from The Leverhulme Trust. In 2004 we were awarded ESRC Research Centre status, and CMPO now combines core funding from both the ESRC and the Trust. Abstract This paper analyzes the effect of reputation on ownership of public goods in the Besley and Ghatak (2001) model. We show that in the dynamic setup the optimal ownership depends not only on the relative valuations for the public good but also on technology (elasticity of investment). We also show that joint ownership of public good can be optimal in both the static and repeated game but it emerges for a different parameter range. Our results are applied to the case of return of cultural goods to their country of origin.
A wearable sensing system for timing analysis in tennis

Wearables find in sports one of their main applications. In recent years, many wearable devices have been commercially released such as the Babolat Play or Sony Smart Tennis Sensor that detect and classify different types of tennis shots and provide a performance analysis to the player. However, available devices focus on a single technical element of tennis only - the shot. As tennis performance is the result of a full body coordination and timing of the movement, the present work wants to take a broader view at the tennis player performance and include the simultaneous work of legs and arms with the goal to time elements of movement. We design a sensor system with three inertial measurement units, one attached to each foot as well as one at the racket. We develop a pipeline to detect and classify leg and arm movement and implement a gesture recognition for the shooting arm based on LCSS (longest common subsequence). The algorithm distinguishes between forehand and backhand (with topspin and slice, respectively) as well as a smash. Footwork is first segmented into potential steps and then classified by a support vector machine between shot and side steps. In the person-dependent case the algorithm achieved 87% recall and 89% precision. The step recognition algorithm has been able to detect 76% of the steps with a classification accuracy of 95%. Based on these results timing information within the shooting state can be robustly obtained which is crucial for a thorough analysis of the whole shot.
Discovery of a Peculiar Pulsar in the Small Magellanic Cloud

We report on a peculiar X-ray binary pulsar, IKT 1 = RX J0047.3−7312, observed with XMM-Newton in 2000 October. The X-ray spectrum is described by a two-component spectrum. The hard component has a broken power-law with respective photon indices of 0.2 and 1.8, below and above the break energy at 5.8keV. The soft component can be modeled by a blackbody of kT =0 . 6keV. The X-ray flux shows a gradual decrease and periodic variations of about 4000s. The averaged flux in 0.7–10.0keV is 2.9 × 10 −12 ergcm −2 s −1 ,w hich is∼ 10-times brighter than that in a ROSAT observation in 1999 November. In addition to the 4000-s variation, we found coherent pulsations of 263 ±1s. These discoveries strengthen the Be/X-ray binary scenario proposed by the ROSAT and ASCA observations on this source, and confirm that most of the hard sources in the Small Magellanic Cloud are X-ray binary pulsars. A peculiar property of this XBP is that the coherent pulsations are found only in the soft component, and the folded light curve shows a flat top shape with a sharp dip. We discuss the nature of this XBP focusing on the peculiar soft component.
Planting the Seeds for Success: Why Women in STEM Do Not Stick in the Field

Women are underrepresented in both STEM college degrees and STEM jobs. Even with a STEM college degree, women are signifcantly less likely to work in a STEM occupation than their male counterparts. This paper investigates whether men and women possess different ability distributions and examines how much the gender gap in major choice and job choice can be explained by gender differences in sorting on abilities. I use Purdue University's administrative data that contains every Purdue student's academic records linked to their first job information. I apply an extended Roy model of unobserved heterogeneity allowing for endogenous choice with two sequential optimizing decisions: the choice between a STEM and non-STEM major and the choice between a STEM and non-STEM job. I find that both abilities are significantly weaker determinants of major choice for women than for men. High-ability women give up $13,000 - $20,000 in annual salary by choosing non-STEM majors. Those non-STEM high-ability women only make up 5.6% of the female sample, but their total gains - had they made the same decision as men - explain about 9.4% of the gender wage gap. Furthermore, the fact that female STEM graduates are less likely to stay in STEM is unrelated to the differences in ability sorting. Instead, home region may be important in women's job decisions; female STEM graduates who return to their home state are more likely to opt out of STEM.
The Understanding and Use of Reflection in Family Support Social Work

ABSTRACT Previous research emphasizes the need for reflection in complex, dynamic practices, like social work. However, increased governance of the public sector and welfare state has caused a reform, which in turn has affected the layout and conditions of work. Private sector control ideals and ideas from the auditing system have led to a new focus. It is argued that we should subordinate practice approaches – characterized by reflection, proven experience, and tacit knowledge – to manual-based treatment, evaluations, and assessments. This study aims at understanding the role of reflection in social work by investigating its use and valuation by family support social workers. Opportunities and resources for reflection are another focus. Focus group interviews (n = 40) were used to produce data. The need for reflection to conduct highly qualitative social work became evident. The question is not whether to reflect or not, rather how this best can be done, given current time constraints. Reflection was considered a coping mechanism, offering a sense of professional legitimacy. Organizational changes seem to impact on time for reflection. However, when enabling process, learning, and development, it can be argued that reflection is beneficial for several parties. Therefore, reflection requires continued emphasis, highlighting its potential benefits.
The Affective Variant Hypothesis: How Is Bulimia Nervosa Related to Depression?

Bulimia nervosa patients frequently score from mild to severe on measures of depressive symptoms. This association between bulimia nervosa and depression led some researchers to hypothesize that bulimia nervosa is a variant of the affective disorder of depression. The main purpose of this study was to provide further evaluation of the affective variant hypothesis of bulimia nervosa. It was postulated that bulimia nervosa patients with and without depression would differ from each other and from depressives without eating disorders on specific measures of cognitive, behavioral, and somatic symptoms associated with depression. Secondly, it was hypothesized that the nondepressed and depressed bulimic patients would differ from depressives but not from each other on measures of anxiety and obsessiveness which would lend support to the anxiety model of bulimia nervosa. The results did not support either the affective variant hypothesis or the anxiety model of bulimia nervosa. The depressed bulimia nervosa patients evidenced higher levels of somatic symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, state anxiety, and obsessiveness than nondepressed bulimics. These two groups were similar in severity only in trait anxiety and anhedonia. The bulimic and nonbulimic depressed patients did not statistically differ on any measure when the bulimic was also clinically depressed. The dually diagnosed patients were more disturbed than either the nondepressed bulimics or the nonbulimic depressed patients. The nonbulimic depressed patients' scores were more severe than the normals' on four of the six significant measures (somatic symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, state anxiety, trait anxiety), the depressed bulimics' more severe on all six, and the nondepressed bulimics' more severe on only three measures (cognitive dysfunction, anhedonia, trait anxiety). While no measure was associated with bulimia nervosa, several measures were highly associated with depression. The Affective Variant Hypothesis: How is Bulimia Nervosa Related to Depression? Introduction This dissertation presents an overview of bulimia nervosa and depression as well as a review of the research literature addressing the affective variant hypothesis of bulimia nervosa. The affective variant hypothesis explains bulimia nervosa as a variant of affective disorder and not distinct from the disorder of depression. An association between the two disorders has repeatedly been demonstrated, but the nature of the relationship has been unclear. This investigation was undertaken to identify variables that would be useful in defining the relationship between bulimia nervosa and depression. Bulimia and Bulimia Nervosa Bulimia nervosa first emerged as a subclinical variant of anorexia nervosa and since then has carried various labels as well as different diagnostic criteria. The disorder has been known as dysorexia (Guiora, 1967), bulimarexia (Boskind-Lodahl & White, 1978), subclinical anorexia (Crisp, Kalucy, Lacey, &
Multiphase Genetic Programming: A Case Study In Sumo Maneuver Evolution

In this paper, we describe a new evolutionary computation approach, called multiphase genetic programming (MPGP). The special features of this approach lie in its variable-granularity representations of chromosomes and their corresponding genetic operations. In the paper, we provide an overview of the MPGP approach as well as details on how the sumo maneuver evolution experiments are carried out and how the MPGP-based case study differs from others.
FAKTOR FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEJADIAN KEHAMILAN TIDAK DIINGINKAN PADA REMAJA

Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the factors influencing the incidence of unwanted pregnancy in adolescents in Puskesmas Pakem that occurred in 2014-2016. The research method used descriptive qualitative with case study approach. The data collection technique was in-depth interview. The data were analyzed using Open Code. The results show that the influencing factors of unwanted pregnancy incidence in adolescents are the low knowledge of reproductive health, social permissiveness, easy access to pornographic media, the influence of close friends in the association and the parents’ parenting that tend to apply Permissive-indifferent. Keywords: unwanted pregnancy, adolescents, open code
Reexploring the Effects of Relative Pitch Cues on Perceived Sadness in an Unconventionally Tuned Musical Scale

In this study, we reassessed the hypothesis that musical scales take on a sadder expressive character when they include one or more scale degrees that are lower in pitch than “normal. ” Two conceptual replications of a previous study by Yim (2014; Huron, Yim, & Chordia, 2010) were conducted, incorporating modifications meant to bolster statistical power, enhance internal and external validity, and refine measurement of perceived emotional expression. In both experiments, participants were exposed to a set of melodies based on a single, highly unconventional scale, the Bohlen–Pierce Scale. In the high versus low exposure conditions, participants were exposed to melodies based on a Bohlen–Pierce Scale variant in which selected scale degrees had been raised versus lowered relative to a comparison scale. Following the exposure phase, all participants rated the perceived sadness/happiness of the exact same test melodies, in this case based on the “intermediate” comparison scale. Results confirmed that lowering selected degrees of an exposure scale causes melodies based on the comparison scale to be perceived as sadder/less happy (Experiment 1). However, altering these scale degrees did not independently affect perceptions of sadness/happiness after controlling for the average pitch height of the scale variants (Experiment 2). As such, the findings provide qualified support for the contention that “lower than normal” scales are perceived as expressively sadder.