Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalent esophageal body motility disorders underlie aggravation of GERD symptoms in morbidly obese patients following adjustable gastric banding.

HYPOTHESIS Preexisting gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and esophageal motility disorders may affect the outcome of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (AGB). DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS Between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2002, AGB procedures were performed in 587 patients (mean body mass index, 46.7 [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters]). The study population was composed of patients with preoperative GERD (assessed by a symptom-score questionnaire) and was divided into group 1 (those with preoperative GERD symptoms only) and group 2 (those with preoperative and postoperative GERD symptoms). INTERVENTIONS Laparoscopic AGB was performed according to the pars-flaccida technique. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES All patients underwent preoperative and annual postoperative symptom scoring, endoscopy, esophageal barium swallow tests, esophageal manometry, and 24-hour pH monitoring. RESULTS Mean follow-up time was 33 months (range, 12-49 months). A total of 164 patients (27.9%) were diagnosed as having preoperative GERD symptoms. In 112 (68.3%) of these patients GERD symptoms vanished postoperatively (group 1), whereas 52 patients (31.7%) remained symptomatic after undergoing laparoscopic AGB implantation (group 2). Preoperatively, group 2 patients showed significantly poorer esophageal body motility compared with group 1 patients (20.8% vs 12.8% defective propagations; P = .007). In group 2 the mean symptom scores for dysphagia (0.4 vs 0.9) and regurgitation (0.6 vs 1.4) deteriorated significantly following laparoscopic AGB implantation, respectively. Eighteen patients (34.6%) in group 2 developed esophageal dilatation. CONCLUSIONS Adjustable gastric banding provides a sufficient antireflux barrier in most of the obese patients with GERD. However, in patients with preoperatively defective esophageal body motility, AGB may aggravate GERD symptoms and esophageal dilatation. Alternative bariatric surgical procedures should be considered in these patients.
Subjective and objective quality of life at first presentation with psychosis

Quality of life (QOL) in first‐episode psychosis (FEP) is impaired when compared to non‐clinical controls and several clinical factors including symptoms and untreated psychosis have been linked with poorer QOL. Measurement methods are varied, however, resulting in inconsistent findings and there is a need to simultaneously combine subjective and objective measures of QOL.
Classification of foods by transferring knowledge from ImageNet dataset

Automatic classification of foods is a way to control food intake and tackle with obesity. However, it is a challenging problem since foods are highly deformable and complex objects. Results on ImageNet dataset have revealed that Convolutional Neural Network has a great expressive power to model natural objects. Nonetheless, it is not trivial to train a ConvNet from scratch for classification of foods. This is due to the fact that ConvNets require large datasets and to our knowledge there is not a large public dataset of food for this purpose. Alternative solution is to transfer knowledge from trained ConvNets to the domain of foods. In this work, we study how transferable are state-of-art ConvNets to the task of food classification. We also propose a method for transferring knowledge from a bigger ConvNet to a smaller ConvNet by keeping its accuracy similar to the bigger ConvNet. Our experiments on UECFood256 datasets show that Googlenet, VGG and residual networks produce comparable results if we start transferring knowledge from appropriate layer. In addition, we show that our method is able to effectively transfer knowledge to the smaller ConvNet using unlabeled samples.
Mathematics of Topological Quantum Computing

In topological quantum computing, information is encoded in "knotted" quantum states of topological phases of matter, thus being locked into topology to prevent decay. Topological precision has been confirmed in quantum Hall liquids by experiments to an accuracy of $10^{-10}$, and harnessed to stabilize quantum memory. In this survey, we discuss the conceptual development of this interdisciplinary field at the juncture of mathematics, physics and computer science. Our focus is on computing and physical motivations, basic mathematical notions and results, open problems and future directions related to and/or inspired by topological quantum computing.
Evaluation of a Reflex Testing Algorithm for Suspected Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Objectives We implemented a policy of reflex serotonin-release assay (SRA) testing for all patients with a positive heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) immunoassay. Methods We identified all patients who had SRA testing sent as a consequence of a positive HIT immunoassay test. We reviewed charts of patients to calculate the 4Ts clinical score, determined the effect of testing on clinical management, and documented the change in utilization of direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs). Results The likelihood of a positive SRA varied with the optical density (OD) of the immunoassay. The performance of the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-specific and polytypic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was not statistically different. Both OD and 4Ts score correlated with the likelihood of a positive SRA but demonstrated poor specificity. Discontinuation of DTIs in patients with negative SRAs resulted in decreased drug utilization. Conclusions The IgG-specific HIT immunoassay OD correlates with the likelihood of a positive SRA but does not achieve high specificity. The reflex testing algorithm allows for definitive classification of patients, and the cost of such a reflex testing program may be offset by decreased utilization of DTIs.
Location, Location, Location: Characteristics and Services of Long-Stay Home Care Recipients in Retirement Homes Compared to Others in Private Homes and Long-Term Care Homes

We examine recipients of publicly funded ongoing care in a single Ontario jurisdiction who reside in three different settings: long-stay home care patients in private homes and apartments, other patients in retirement homes and residents of long-term care homes, using interRAI assessment instruments. Among home care patients, those in retirement homes have higher proportions of dementia and moderate cognitive impairment, less supportive informal care systems as well as more personal care and nursing services above those provided by the public home care system, more frequent but shorter home support visits and lower than expected public home care expenditures. These lower expenditures may be because of efficiency of care delivery or by retirement homes providing some services otherwise provided by the public home care system. Although persons in each setting are mostly older adults with high degrees of frailty and medical complexity, long-term care home residents show distinctly higher needs. We estimate that 40% of retirement home residents are long-stay home care patients, and they comprise about one in six of this Community Care Access Centre's long-stay patients.
Variations of the Circle of Willis at the End of the Human Embryonic Period

Variations of the circle of Willis (CW) influence blood supply to the brain and adjacent structures in adults. We examined the formation of the CW in 20 human embryo samples at the end of the embryonic period using 3‐D reconstructions of serial histological sections. The CW was closed in all samples, and did not form in a single plane, but was composed of multiple stair‐like planes. The artery acutely curved at the caudal part of the CW, namely, at the inlet of the basilar artery and bifurcation of the P1 segment of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA), reflecting flexure of the mesencephalon and diencephalon at this stage. Variations were observed in 17 of 20 samples—only anterior parts (anterior communicating artery [Acom] and anterior cerebral artery [ACA]) in 10 samples, only posterior parts (posterior communicating artery [Pcom]) in one sample, and both anterior and posterior parts in six samples. Variations included the Acom formed as partially duplicated in three samples, duplicated in four, plexiform in three, and no channel as a result of a single azygos ACA in one. The ACA formed as duplicated in two, median ACA in two, and right hypoplasia in one. The Pcom formed in hypoplasia of either side in six samples. Variations observed in this study are similar to those observed in fetuses, neonates, and adults. The P1 segment of PCA was very large in all samples. The present observations indicate that variations in the CW are present from the initiation of CW formation. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Designing oil palm architectural ideotypes for optimal light interception and carbon assimilation through a sensitivity analysis of leaf traits

Background and Aims Enhancement of light harvesting in annual crops has successfully led to yield increases since the green revolution. Such an improvement has mainly been achieved by selecting plants with optimal canopy architecture for specific agronomic practices. For perennials such as oil palm, breeding programmes were focused more on fruit yield, but now aim at exploring more complex traits. The aim of the present study is to investigate potential improvements in light interception and carbon assimilation in the study case of oil palm, by manipulating leaf traits and proposing architectural ideotypes. Methods Sensitivity analyses (Morris method and metamodel) were performed on a functional-structural plant model recently developed for oil palm which takes into account genetic variability, in order to virtually assess the impact of plant architecture on light interception efficiency and potential carbon acquisition. Key Results The most sensitive parameters found over plant development were those related to leaf area (rachis length, number of leaflets, leaflet morphology), although fine attributes related to leaf geometry showed increasing influence when the canopy became closed. In adult stands, optimized carbon assimilation was estimated on plants with a leaf area index between 3.2 and 5.5 m2 m-2 (corresponding to usual agronomic conditions), with erect leaves, short rachis and petiole, and high number of leaflets on the rachis. Four architectural ideotypes for carbon assimilation are proposed based on specific combinations of organ dimensions and arrangement that limit mutual shading and optimize light distribution within the plant crown. Conclusions A rapid set-up of leaf area is critical at young age to optimize light interception and subsequently carbon acquisition. At the adult stage, optimization of carbon assimilation could be achieved through specific combinations of architectural traits. The proposition of multiple morphotypes with comparable level of carbon assimilation opens the way to further investigate ideotypes carrying an optimal trade-off between carbon assimilation, plant transpiration and biomass partitioning.
Evolution and Stress Responses of Gossypium hirsutum SWEET Genes

The SWEET (sugars will eventually be exported transporters) proteins are sugar efflux transporters containing the MtN3_saliva domain, which affects plant development as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. These proteins have not been functionally characterized in the tetraploid cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, which is a widely cultivated cotton species. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the cotton SWEET gene family. A total of 55 putative G. hirsutum SWEET genes were identified. The GhSWEET genes were classified into four clades based on a phylogenetic analysis and on the examination of gene structural features. Moreover, chromosomal localization and an analysis of homologous genes in Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii, and G. hirsutum suggested that a whole-genome duplication, several tandem duplications, and a polyploidy event contributed to the expansion of the cotton SWEET gene family, especially in Clade III and IV. Analyses of cis-acting regulatory elements in the promoter regions, expression profiles, and artificial selection revealed that the GhSWEET genes were likely involved in cotton developmental processes and responses to diverse stresses. These findings may clarify the evolution of G. hirsutum SWEET gene family and may provide a foundation for future functional studies of SWEET proteins regarding cotton development and responses to abiotic stresses.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT AMOUNT OF MINERAL NITROGEN AND BIOLOGICAL FERTILIZER ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF CORN

To evaluate the effects of different amount of mineral nitrogen and biosuper fertilizer on yield and yield components of corn, a research was conducted in Tabriz Islamic Azad University research field in 2011 based on factorial experiment in completely randomized block design in three replications. Mineral nitrogen fertilizer (N) levels (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg/ha) and two levels of Biosuper fertilizer (B) application (control and biosuper) and collective application was considered as (NB). The results showed that using mineral nitrogen fertilizer had positive effect on 100 Kernel weight, Row in ear, Number of leaves, Ear weight, Leaf area index and Grain yield. Also, using Biosuper fertilizer (once application treatment) led to increase Grain yield. Most of the grain yield obtained from application of Biosuper fertilizer equal to 295.051gr/m 2 and application of 180 kg/ha of mineral nitrogen equal to 445.547 gr/m 2 . Application of Biosuper fertilizer led to increase of Grain yield by 16% and application of Nitrogen fertilizer led to increase of Grain yield by 61% CV. 504 of corn.
Development of the testis in pre-pubertal boys with cancer after biopsy for fertility preservation

STUDY QUESTION Is testicular growth affected by a testicular biopsy intended for fertility preservation in pre-pubertal boys with cancer? SUMMARY ANSWER Testicular growth of the biopsied testis is not impeded in comparison to the non-biopsied contralateral testis up until 1 year after surgery. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Fertility preservation in pre-pubertal boys by means of testicular biopsy has been conducted for more than 15 years. Although immediate adverse effects of testicular biopsy are rare (1%), no data exist on the effect of biopsy on testicular growth. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION In this prospective cohort study, between March 2011 and February 2017, 93 parents of pre-pubertal boys were offered cryopreservation of testicular tissue of their son, of whom 78 consented. Sixty-four boys were included in this follow-up study. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS All boys with cancer at the paediatric oncology department of the Academic Medical Center (AMC) who needed gonadotoxic therapy and were unable to ejaculate were offered cryopreservation of testicular tissue prior to treatment. By testicular ultrasound before and after biopsy (1, 6 and 12 months after biopsy), volume and parenchymal abnormalities were assessed. Data were analysed using mixed-effects modelling. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Of the 64 included boys all were followed up at 1 month, 58 at 6 months and 55 at 12 months. Mean testicular volumes after 1, 6 and 12 months after biopsy were 1.7 ± 2.1, 1.7 ± 2.2 and 1.9 ± 2.4 for the biopsied testis and 1.8 ± 2.2, 1.8 ± 2.3 and 2.0 ± 2.2 for the non-biopsied testis, respectively. Biopsy of the testis did not have a significant impact on testicular growth. Immediate adverse effects of the biopsy, i.e. wound infections, were seen in 3/78 boys (3.8%). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Although it is the largest cohort available to date, the number of patients included in our follow-up is still relatively small. A larger cohort would be able to evaluate growth more precisely. Follow-up was discontinued in a significant portion of boys, 12/76 (15.8%), mainly because of death due to primary illness but also because they could not be reached or declined further follow-up. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These reassuring data may be used in counselling future boys who are eligible for fertility preservation and their parents. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Study funded by KIKA Foundation (Kika 86), Grant from the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMW TAS-116003002). The authors declare no conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CCMO-register: NL27690.000. 09.
Circulating tumour cells and pathological complete response: independent prognostic factors in inflammatory breast cancer in a pooled analysis of two multicentre phase II trials (BEVERLY-1 and -2) of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab

Background We present a pooled analysis of predictive and prognostic values of circulating tumour cells (CTC) and circulating endothelial cells (CEC) in two prospective trials of patients with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with neoadjuvant and adjuvant bevacizumab. Patients and methods Nonmetastatic T4d patients were enrolled in two phase II multicentre trials, evaluating bevacizumab in combination with sequential neoadjuvant chemotherapy of four cycles of FEC followed by four cycles of docetaxel in HER2-negative tumour (BEVERLY-1) or docetaxel and trastuzumab in HER2-positive tumour (BEVERLY-2). CTC and CEC were detected in 7.5 and 4 ml of blood, respectively, with the CellSearch System. Results From October 2008 to September 2010, 152 patients were included and 137 were evaluable for CTC and CEC. At baseline, 55 patients had detectable CTC (39%). After four cycles of chemotherapy, a dramatic drop in CTC to a rate of 9% was observed (P < 0.01). Pathological complete response (pCR) rate was 40%. No correlation was found between CTC or CEC levels and pCR rate. Median follow-up was 43 months. CTC detection (≥1 CTC/7.5 ml) at baseline was associated with shorter 3-year disease-free survival (39% versus 70% for patients without CTC, P < 0.01, HR 2.80) and shorter 3-year overall survival (OS) (P < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, independent prognostic parameters for shorter survival were absence of hormonal receptors, no pCR and CTC detection at baseline. CEC level at baseline or variations during treatment had no prognostic value. Conclusion In this pooled analysis of two prospective trials in nonmetastatic IBC, detection rate of CTC was 39% with a strong and independent prognostic value for survival. Combination of pCR after neoadjuvant treatment with no CTC detection at baseline isolated a subgroup of IBC with excellent OS (94% 3-year OS), suggesting that CTC count could be part of IBC stratification in prospective trials.
TLR4 stimulation by LPS enhances angiogenesis in a co‐culture system consisting of primary human osteoblasts and outgrowth endothelial cells

The development of new approaches leading to fast and successful vascularization of tissue‐engineered constructs is one of the most intensively studied subjects in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Recently, TLR4 activation and LPS stimulation of endothelial cells have been reported to promote angiogenesis in a variety of settings. In this study, we demonstrate that TLR4 activation by Ultrapure LPS Escherichia coli 0111:B4 (LPS‐EB) significantly enhances microvessel formation in a co‐culture system consisting of outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) and primary human osteoblasts (pOBs). The precise modes of TLR4 action on the process of angiogenesis have also been investigated in this study. Using quantitative fluorescence microscopy in monocultures of OECs and pOBs, it was found that TLR4 activation through LPS‐EB upregulates the expression level of TLR4/MYD88 and enhances both angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Furthermore, ELISA and qRT–PCR have shown that the level of two adhesion molecules (ICAM‐1 and E‐selectin), two cytokines (IL‐6 and IL‐8) and two growth factors (VEGF and PDGF‐BB) related to angiogenesis increase significantly after LPS‐EB treatment. This increased understanding of the role of TLR4 in angiogenesis could be of value in various settings related to tissue repair and tissue engineering. Moreover, since LPS and TLR4 agonists improve angiogenesis and osteogenesis, TLR4 agonists (endogenous or synthetic) could be used for angiogenesis intervention in vivo and therefore could be tested for their potential clinical applications in promoting angiogenesis in bone tissue engineering. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparedness for delivering non-communicable disease services in primary care: access to medicines for diabetes and hypertension in a district in south India

Introduction Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become a major public health challenge worldwide; they account for 28 million deaths per year in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). Like many other LMICs, India is struggling to organise quality care for a large NCD-affected population especially at the primary healthcare level. The aim of this study was to assess local health system preparedness in a south Indian primary healthcare setting for addressing diabetes and hypertension. Methods This paper draws on a mixed-methods research study on access to medicines conducted in Tumkur, Karnataka, India. We used quantitative data from household and health facility surveys, and qualitative data from focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with health workers and patients. We identified systemic drivers that influence utilisation of services at government primary health centres (PHCs) using thematic analysis of qualitative data and a systems framework on access to medicines to assess supply and demand side factors. Results Majority of households depend on private facilities for diabetes and hypertension care because of the lack of laboratory facilities and frequent medicine stockouts at PHCs. Financial and managerial resource allocation for NCDs and prioritisation of care and processes related to NCDs was suboptimal compared to the prominence of this agenda at global and national levels. Primary healthcare has a limited role even in the activities under the national programme that addresses diabetes and hypertension. Discussion The study finds critical gaps in the preparedness of PHCs and district health systems in organising and managing care for diabetes and hypertension. Due to the lack of continuous care organised through PHCs, patients depend on expensive and often episodic care in the private sector. There is a need to improve managerial and financial resource allocation towards diabetes and hypertension (and other NCDs) at the district level. Trial registration number CTRI/2015/03/005640; Pre-results.