Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between perception of malocclusion and the psychological impact of dental aesthetics in university students

Introduction and Objectives: The objectives were to assess the relationship between perceived smile aesthetics and perceived psychological impact as measured by the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ), and their own perception of it using the Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN-AC) and a Visual Analog Scale (VAS); relate the IOTN-AC and VAS to the PIDAQ; and study the predictive capacity of the scales for psychological impact. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 447 college students in Spain and Portugal (average age 20.4 years, 33.1% men and 66.9% women). The online self-completed surveys used the recently-validated Spanish and Portuguese versions of the PIDAQ to assess the self–reported psychological impact of the students’ dental aesthetics and IOTN-AC and an ad hoc 100 mm VAS for their perception of their dental aesthetics. Results: PIDAQ was linearly correlated with IOTN AC and VAS. Pearson’s coefficient was 0.55 for PIDAQ and IOTN-AC (CI 95% 0.48-0.61) and -0.72 for PIDAQ and VAS (CI 95% -0.66 - -0.76). VAS and IOTN-AC were predictive variables in a linear regression model of the total PIDAQ score. The VAS diagnosed individuals whose dental aesthetics had a self-perceived psychological impact (area under the curve 0.827, CI 95% 0.787-0.868) more precisely than the IOTN-AC (area under the curve 0.742, CI 95% 0. 696-0.788). Conclusions: In adults patients, there is a significant linear relationship between perceived smile aesthetics and self-perceived psychological impact. Key words:Visual Analog Scale, Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need, malocclusion, psychological, aesthetics.
A Modeling Framework for Computing Lifetime and Information Capacity in Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper we investigate the expected lifetime and information capacity, defined as the maximum amount of data (bits) transferred before the first sensor node death due to energy depletion, of a data-gathering wireless sensor network. We develop a fluidflow based computational framework that extends the existing approach, which requires precise knowledge of the layout/deployment of the network, i.e., exact sensor positions. Our method, on the other hand, views a specific network deployment as a particular instance (sample path) from an underlying distribution of sensor node layouts and sensor data rates. To compute the expected information capacity under this distribution-based viewpoint, we model parameters such as the node density, the energy density and the sensed data rate as continuous spatial functions. This continuous-space flow model is then discretized into grids and solved using a linear programming approach. Numerical studies show that this model produces very accurate results, compared to averaging over results from random instances of deployment, with significantly less computation. Moreover, we develop a robust version of the linear program, which generates robust solutions that apply not just to a specific deployment, but also to topologies that are appropriately perturbed versions.
Non-Intrusive Device for Real-Time Circulatory System Assessment with Advanced Signal Processing Capabilities

Non-Intrusive Device for Real-Time Circulatory System Assessment with Advanced Signal Processing Capabilities This paper presents a device that uses three cardiography signals to characterize several important parameters of a subject's circulatory system. Using electrocardiogram, finger photoplethysmogram, and ballistocardiogram, three heart rate estimates are acquired from beat-to-beat time interval extraction. Furthermore, pre-ejection period, pulse transit time (PTT), and pulse arrival time (PAT) are computed, and their long-term evolution is analyzed. The system estimates heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV) from the heart rate and PAT time series, to infer the activity of the cardiac autonomic system. The software component of the device evaluates the frequency content of HRV and BPV, and also their fractal dimension and entropy, thus providing a detailed analysis of the time series' regularity and complexity evolution, to allow personalized subject evaluation.
Does the 'silent cockpit' reduce pilot workload?

The introduction of a digital data link between air traffic control and the aircraft cockpit is likely to have an effect of crew situation awareness through the absence of 'party line' information. On the other hand, eliminating the pilots' exposure to background speech may have a positive effect on their workload since speech, by its very nature, has the potential of significantly disrupting other tasks. Whilst the first effect is comparatively well documented in the literature, potential positive effects of the absence of party line information have to date not been studied. This paper reports on an experiment, carried out in a fixed-base flight simulator in order to investigate the effects of the absence of background radiotelephony (R/T) on pilot workload. The experiment involved 24 approaches at a major European airport, which were carried out by four flight crews with and without background party line communication. To be able to assess the impact of the background speech for high levels of workload, all non-precision approaches were flown manually. The analysis was carried out along a number of axes: a variety of psycho-physiological indicators of pilot workload were measured and analyzed, such as heart rate and heart rate variability, eye blink rate, blood oxygen saturation, electro-dermal activity, and electro encephalography (EEG). Performance criteria included checklist completion times, missed ATC calls, and deviations from the approach path. Subjective workload ratings and pilot debriefings provided an additional source of information. The analysis was carried out for the different flight phases encountered during the extended approach, and the respective pilot roles (pilot flying, pilot non-flying). Results suggest that the absence of background speech does in fact have the potential to reduce pilot workload. This effect was observed from performance data and subjective data, and was stronger for the pilot non-flying than for the pilot flying.
Determination of Silver(I) by Differential Pulse Voltammetry Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Synthesized N-(2-Aminoethyl)-4,4′-Bipyridine

A new modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) based on a synthesized N-(2-aminoethyl)-4,4′-bipyridine (ABP) was developed for the determination of Ag(I) by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). ABP was covalently immobilized on GC electrodes surface using 4-nitrobenzendiazonium (4-NBD) and glutaraldehyde (GA). The Ag(I) ions were preconcentrated by chemical interaction with bipyridine under a negative potential (−0.6 V); then the reduced ions were oxidized by differential pulse voltammetry and a peak was observed at 0.34 V. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range from 0.05 μM to 1 μM Ag(I) with a detection limit of 0.025 μM and RSD = 3.6%, for 0.4 μM Ag(I). The presence of several common ions in more than 125-fold excess had no effect on the determination of Ag(I). The developed sensor was applied to the determination of Ag(I) in water samples using a standard addition method.
Star Formation in Distant Red Galaxies: Spitzer Observations in the Hubble Deep Field-South

We present Spitzer 24 μm imaging of 1.5 < z < 2.5 distant red galaxies (DRGs) in the 10′ × 10′ extended Hubble Deep Field-South of the Multiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile. We detect 65% of the DRGs with KAB < 23.2 mag at S24 μm ≳ 40 μJy and conclude that the bulk of the DRG population is dusty active galaxies. A mid-infrared (MIR) color analysis with IRAC data suggests that the MIR fluxes are not dominated by buried AGNs, and we interpret the high detection rate as evidence for a high average star formation rate of ⟨SFR⟩ = 130 ± 30 M☉ yr-1. From this, we infer that DRGs are important contributors to the cosmic star formation rate density at z ~ 2, at a level of ~0.02 M☉ yr-1 Mpc-3 to our completeness limit of KAB = 22.9 mag.
Motion Pattern Analysis for Modeling and Recognition of Complex Human Activities

1 Abstract Activity recognition is a ﬁeld of computer vision which has shown great progress in the past decade. Starting from simple single person activities, research in activity recognition is moving towards more complex scenes involving multiple objects and natural environments. The main challenges in the task include being able to localize and recognize events in a video and deal with the large amount of variation in viewpoint, speed of movement and scale. This chapter gives the reader an overview of the work that has taken place in activity recognition, especially in the domain of complex activities involving multiple interacting objects. We begin with a description of the challenges in activity recognition and give a broad overview of the different approaches. We go into the details of some of the feature descriptors and classiﬁcation strategies commonly recognized as being the state of the art in this ﬁeld. We then move to more complex recognition systems, discussing the challenges in complex activity recognition and some of the work which has taken place in this respect. Finally, we provide some examples of recent work in complex activity recognition. The ability to recognize complex behaviors involving multiple
Potential Use of Plectranthus amboinicus in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Plectranthus amboinicus (P. amboinicus) is a folk herb that is used to treat inflammatory diseases or swelling symptoms in Taiwan. We investigated therapeutic efficacy of P. amboinicus in treating Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) using collagen-induced arthritis animal model. Arthritis was induced in Lewis rats by immunization with bovine type II collagen. Serum anti-collagen IgG, IgM and C-reactive protein (CRP) were analyzed. To understand the inflammation condition of treated animals, production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β from peritoneal exudates cells (PEC) were also analyzed. P. amboinicus significantly inhibited the footpad swelling and arthritic symptoms in collagen-induced arthritic rats, while the serum anti-collagen IgM and CRP levels were consistently decreased. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were also decreased in the high dosage of P. amboinicus group. Here, we demonstrate the potential anti-arthritic effect of P. amboinicus for treating RA, which might confer its anti-rheumatic activity. This differs the pharmacological action mode of indomethacin.
New Methods in Exploring Old Topics: Case Studying Brittle Diabetes in the Family Context

Background. In questing for a more refined quantitative research approach, we revisited vector autoregressive (VAR) modeling for the analysis of time series data in the context of the so far poorly explored concept of family dynamics surrounding instable diabetes type 1 (or brittle diabetes). Method. We adopted a new approach to VAR analysis from econometrics referred to as the optimized multivariate lag selection process and applied it to a set of raw data previously analyzed through standard approaches. Results. We illustrated recurring psychosomatic circles of cause and effect relationships between emotional and somatic parameters surrounding glycemic control of the child's diabetes and the affective states of all family members. Conclusion. The optimized multivariate lag selection process allowed for more specific, dynamic, and statistically reliable results (increasing R 2 tenfold in explaining glycemic variability), which were derived from a larger window of past explanatory variables (lags). Such highly quantitative versus historic more qualitative approaches to case study analysis of psychosomatics surrounding diabetes in adolescents were reflected critically.
Quantifying surface water–groundwater interactions using time series analysis of streambed thermal records: Method development

We present a method for determining streambed seepage rates using time series thermal data. The new method is based on quantifying changes in phase and amplitude of temperature variations between pairs of subsurface sensors. For a reasonable range of streambed thermal properties and sensor spacings the time series method should allow reliable estimation of seepage rates for a range of at least ±10 m d−1 (±1.2 × 10−2 m s−1), with amplitude variations being most sensitive at low flow rates and phase variations retaining sensitivity out to much higher rates. Compared to forward modeling, the new method requires less observational data and less setup and data handling and is faster, particularly when interpreting many long data sets. The time series method is insensitive to streambed scour and sedimentation, which allows for application under a wide range of flow conditions and allows time series estimation of variable streambed hydraulic conductivity. This new approach should facilitate wider use of thermal methods and improve understanding of the complex spatial and temporal dynamics of surface water–groundwater interactions.
Oil for Fish: An Energy Return on Investment Analysis of Selected European Union Fishing Fleets

World food production has increased substantially in the past century, thanks mostly to the increase in the use of oil as input in the production processes. This growing use of fossil fuels has negative effects, both on the environment and the production costs. Fishing is a fuel consuming food production activity, and its energy efficiency performance has worsened over time. World‐wide fisheries are also suffering from overexploitation, which contributes to the poor efficiency performance, adding more pressure and criticism on this economic activity. In this paper we analyzed the energy efficiency performance of more than 20,000 European Union (EU) fishing vessels for the period 2002–2008, using the edible energy return on investment (EROI) indicator. The vessels analyzed, grouped in 49 different fleets, represented 25% of the vessels and 33% of the landings of the EU fishing sector. These EU fishing fleets’ average EROI for 2008 was 0.11, which translates to an energy content of the fuel burned that is 9 times greater than the edible energy content of the catch. Hence, the significance of this study arises from the use of time‐series data on a relevant part of the EU fleet that showed stable or even slight improvements on the EROI over time. Moreover, results showed that the energy efficiency of the different fleets varied significantly (from 0.02 to 1.12), mainly depending on the fishing gear and the vessel length. The performance of the most efficient fleets, such as large pelagic trawlers and seiners, was comparable to many agricultural production activities. The plausible drivers behind these trends are further considered.
Genetic Evidence for Multiple Sources of the Non-Native Fish Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Günther; Mayan Cichlids) in Southern Florida

The number and diversity of source populations may influence the genetic diversity of newly introduced populations and affect the likelihood of their establishment and spread. We used the cytochrome b mitochondrial gene and nuclear microsatellite loci to identify the sources of a successful invader in southern Florida, USA, Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Mayan cichlid). Our cytochrome b data supported an introduction from Guatemala, while our microsatellite data suggested movement of Mayan Cichlids from the upper Yucatán Peninsula to Guatemala and introductions from Guatemala and Belize to Florida. The mismatch between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes suggests admixture of a female lineage from Guatemala, where all individuals were fixed for the mitochondrial haplotype found in the introduced population, and a more diverse but also relatively small number of individuals from Belize. The Florida cytochrome b haplotype appears to be absent from Belize (0 out of 136 fish screened from Belize had this haplotype). Genetic structure within the Florida population was minimal, indicating a panmictic population, while Mexican and Central American samples displayed more genetic subdivision. Individuals from the Upper Yucatán Peninsula and the Petén region of Guatemala were more genetically similar to each other than to fish from nearby sites and movement of Mayan Cichlids between these regions occurred thousands of generations ago, suggestive of pre-Columbian human transportation of Mayan Cichlids through this region. Mayan Cichlids present a rare example of cytonuclear disequilibrium and reduced genetic diversity in the introduced population that persists more than 30 years (at least 7–8 generations) after introduction. We suggest that hybridization occurred in ornamental fish farms in Florida and may contribute their establishment in the novel habitat. Hybridization prior to release may contribute to other successful invasions.
Multivendor Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Dataset, Observer Annotation Performance Evaluation, and Standardized Evaluation Framework for Intraretinal Cystoid Fluid Segmentation

Development of image analysis and machine learning methods for segmentation of clinically significant pathology in retinal spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), used in disease detection and prediction, is limited due to the availability of expertly annotated reference data. Retinal segmentation methods use datasets that either are not publicly available, come from only one device, or use different evaluation methodologies making them difficult to compare. Thus we present and evaluate a multiple expert annotated reference dataset for the problem of intraretinal cystoid fluid (IRF) segmentation, a key indicator in exudative macular disease. In addition, a standardized framework for segmentation accuracy evaluation, applicable to other pathological structures, is presented. Integral to this work is the dataset used which must be fit for purpose for IRF segmentation algorithm training and testing. We describe here a multivendor dataset comprised of 30 scans. Each OCT scan for system training has been annotated by multiple graders using a proprietary system. Evaluation of the intergrader annotations shows a good correlation, thus making the reproducibly annotated scans suitable for the training and validation of image processing and machine learning based segmentation methods. The dataset will be made publicly available in the form of a segmentation Grand Challenge.
Coordination and Governance in Geographically Distributed Enterprise Architecting: An Empirical Research Design

Previous research examining the effective implementation and management of enterprise architecture (EA) has typically used a governance perspective. However, this perspective does not consider the challenges associated with the "architecting" effort-. e. , the processes involved in generating and managing the EA. This requires the coordinated action of many stakeholders and architects, especially when they are geographically dispersed because distance and time barriers need to be bridged to coordinate their efforts. In this paper we adapt a previously suggested architecting coordination framework to develop a research model that integrates the coordination and governance perspectives in order to examine the development and implementation of effective geographically dispersed EAs. We use data obtained from two practitioner workshops on EA and follow up interviews with two participants to do some preliminary analysis. We then propose an empirical research design to study our proposed research framework in greater detail.
The Consequences of Legal Minimum Wages in Honduras

Minimum wage policies are implemented in most developing countries, so understanding their consequences is critical to determine their effectiveness. This paper quantifies the labor market and poverty effects of Honduran minimum wages from 2005 to 2012. Using 13 household surveys as repeated cross-sections, I estimate the net effects of minimum wage hikes using variation from annual reforms to multiple minimum wages, a 60% increase, and changes in the number of minimum wage categories. Evidence shows that employers are partially complying with minimum wage laws, and respond to hikes by increasing their level of non-compliance. Higher minimum wages reduce covered (formal) employment and increase uncovered (informal) employment. Formal sector wages increase but greater labor supply in the informal sector leads to a negative net effect on wages. This last result is often empirically ambiguous, although consistent with the dual-sector minimum wage model. I find no evidence that minimum wages reduce extreme or moderate poverty.
International Transmission of Stock Returns and Volatility : Empirical Comparison Between Friends and Foes

This paper investigates stock market mean returns and volatility spillover between stock markets of political and friendly countries. The potential foes and friends are selected according to the political situations in the past ten years. The three pairs of foes tested are Israel-Jordan, India-Pakistan, and Greece-Turkey. The United States has been historically and traditionally friendly toward these six countries. Spillover between the United States and these countries is also investigated. The empirical tests are conducted by means of a nonlinear GARCH-t model. Results indicate bidirectional mean and volatility spillover between two countries not on friendly terms. Results also provide ample evidence that mean and volatility spillover takes place from a larger distant friendly country (the United States) to these smaller emerging markets, but not much the other way around.
Location-Aware Mobile Eye-Tracking for the Explanation of Wayfinding Behavior

This paper proposes location-aware mobile eye-tracking as a new method for the explanation of wayfinding behavior. We argue that the recording and analysis of an individual’s visual attention during wayfinding can provide insights into her spatial abilities and employed wayfinding strategies. Examples from an explorative pilot study with a pedestrian audio guide in an urban context illustrate that mobile eyetracking data provide new possibilities to analyze map usage, landmark identification, and orientation strategies.