Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teacher Clarifying Behaviors: Effects on Student Achievement and Perceptions.

AbstractHigh school social studies students (N = 448) were each assigned to one of 16 groups defined by possible combinations of two teacher uncertainty conditions (uncertainty vs. no uncertainty), two teacher “bluffing” conditions (bluffing vs. no bluffing), two lesson discontinuity conditions (discontinuity vs. no discontinuity), and two lecture notes conditions (notes handouts vs. no notes handouts). Each group was presented a lesson about the geography, politics, history, and economy of Botswana. The lessons were the same except for variations in the four conditions stated above. After the lesson, each group was tested on comprehension of the material, and then each group completed a lesson evaluation. Teacher uncertainty negatively affected achievement, and notes handouts positively affected achievement. Both teacher bluffing and lesson discontinuity negatively affected student evaluation of the lesson. Several significant interactions were obtained. These findings are discussed in relation to previo.
On the Sensible Application of Familywise Alpha Adjustment

This essay responds to Daniel O'Keefe's “Against Familywise Alpha Adjustment. ” Whereas O'Keefe maintains that one should never attempt to control Type I error introduced when many statistical tests are conducted, this essay argues that alpha adjustment should be applied only in the narrowly circumscribed instance when the researcher wants to make a strong claim that there is no Type I error in a specific collection of tests.
Acculturation and gambling in Asian Americans: when culture meets availability

Research shows that culture influences gambling behaviours. While there is anecdotal evidence about the pervasiveness of gambling and the seriousness of problems in Asian communities in the US, there is little information in the academic literature on acculturation and its effect on gambling behaviours in Asian populations. This study found that gambling prevalence in the Asian population is much lower, but the rate of problem gambling is higher than or equal to that in the general population of the US. Higher gambling availability in the US, combined with a gambling-permissive Asian culture, seems to contribute to an increase in gambling participation and problem gambling in Asians living in western countries. The results highlight the importance of investigating acculturation in gambling behaviours among diverse Asian American ethnic groups. In addition, measures should be developed that take into account gambling culture in order to design culturally responsive treatment/prevention programs for Asian Americans.
Ambulatory blood pressure parameters after canrenone addition to existing treatment regimens with maximum tolerated dose of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers plus hydrochlorothiazide in uncontrolled hypertensive patients

Background Blockade of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system is a cornerstone in cardiovascular disease prevention and hypertension treatment. The relevance of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) has been widely confirmed for both increasing the accuracy of blood pressure (BP) measurements, particularly in pharmacological trials, and focusing on 24 h BP prognostic parameters. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of canrenone addition on ambulatory BP in uncontrolled hypertensive patients already treated with the highest tolerated dose of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonists plus hydrochlorothiazide (HCT). Methods ABPM was performed at baseline and after 3 months of combination therapy in 158 outpatients with stage 1 or 2 hypertension who were randomized to add canrenone (50 or 100 mg) to the pre-existing therapy with ACE inhibitors or AT1R antagonists plus HCT. Twenty-four-hour systolic and diastolic BPs were considered normalized when the values were <130 and <80 mmHg, respectively. Results The addition of canrenone was associated with a reduction in systolic and diastolic BPs (24 h and daytime and nighttime; P<0.001), mean arterial pressures (P<0.001), and pulse pressures (P<0.01). The Δ 24 h systolic/diastolic BPs were −13.5±11.2/−8±8 mmHg and −16.1±13.5/−11.2±8.3 mmHg (50 and 100 mg/day, respectively). In the 50 mg arm, the 24 h systolic and diastolic BPs were normalized in 67.5% and 74% of the patients, respectively, and in 61.6% and 68.5% of the patients in the 100 mg arm, respectively (P<0.05; P= not significant for 50 vs 100 mg). The percentage of patients whose nocturnal decrease was >10% with respect to diurnal values did not change during combination therapy. Conclusion Canrenone addition to ACE inhibitors or AT1R antagonists plus HCT was associated with a significant reduction of 24 h BP and to an increased number of patients meeting 24 h ABPM targets in a clinical setting of uncontrolled stage 1 or 2 hypertension.
Insulin and glucose responses during bed rest with isotonic and isometric exercise.

The effects of daily intensive isotonic (68% maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max)) and isometric (21% maximum extension force) leg exercise on plasma insulin and glucose responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) during 14-day bed-rest (BR) periods were investigated in seven young healthy men. The OGTT was given during ambulatory control and on day 10 of the no-exercise, isotonic, and isometric exercise BR periods during the 15-wk study. The subjects were placed on a controlled diet (mean +/- SD = 344 +/- 34 g CHO/day and 3,073 +/- 155 (SD) kcal/day) starting 10 days before each BR period. During BR, basal plasma glucose concentration remained unchanged with no exercise, but increased (P less than 0.05) to 87-89 mg/100 ml with both exercise regimens on day 2, and then fell slightly below control levels on day 13. The fall of glucose content (-11 to -15%) during BR was independent of the exercise regimen and was an adjustment for the loss of plasma vol. The intensity of the response of insulin and glucose to the OGTT (integrated area under the curves) was inversely proportional to the total daily energy expenditure during BR; i.e., the largest response with no exercise, then isometric, isotonic, and ambulatory exercise. It was estimated that at least 1,020 kcal/day must be provided by supplemental exercise to restore the hyperinsulinemia to control levels.
The long‐term consequences of periventricular brain damage on language and verbal memory

Sixty‐eight extremely low birthweight children, of whom 41 sustained damage to the periventricular region of the brain in the perinatal period, completed language and memory tasks at 6 years of age. Their performance was compared to that of 20 children, born at term, who were matched to the preterm children in terms of age and socioeconomic status as measured by annual household income. Category fluency, rate of learning, and the retention of a simple prose passage were not impaired after early periventricular damage. Deficits in sentence comprehension and working memory were associated with germinal layer hemorrhage or mild intraventricular hemorrhage plus or minus mild hypoxic‐ischemic damage. In addition to these impairments, a reduced receptive vocabulary and naming difficulties were observed in patients in whom the intraventricular hemorrhage included ventricular dilatation or invaded the parenchyma or in whom there was associated widespread periventricular leukomalacia.
Effects of leadership and leader‐member exchange on innovativeness

Purpose – The role of research and development (R&D) in a knowledge‐based economy like Singapore is of paramount importance to the sustenance of its competitive advantage. R&D not only requires huge investments in time and capital but also in a committed pool of talent. The present study attempts to integrate both behavioural and relational perspectives using Bass's Multi‐Factor Leadership Theory and Liden and Maslyn's Multi‐Dimensional Model of Leader‐Member Exchange (LMX) and test their applicability in determining employees' innovativeness.Design/methodology/approach – Using the responses from 201 R&D professionals in Singapore, it is found that R&D superiors demonstrate predominantly transformational leadership but at lower frequency than observed in past studies. Practical implications arising from the findings for R&D managers, human resource managers, and training and education are discussed.Findings – The findings from hierarchical regression analysis reveal that transformational leadership has po.
Impact of post-Born lensing on the CMB

Lensing of the CMB is affected by post-Born lensing, producing corrections to the convergence power spectrum and introducing field rotation. We show numerically that the lensing convergence power spectrum is affected at the ≲ 0.2% level on accessible scales, and that this correction and the field rotation are negligible for observations with arcminute beam and noise levels ≳ 1 μK arcmin. The field rotation generates ∼ 2.5% of the total lensing B-mode polarization amplitude (0.2% in power on small scales), but has a blue spectrum on large scales, making it highly subdominant to the convergence B modes on scales where they are a source of confusion for the signal from primordial gravitational waves. Since the post-Born signal is non-linear, it also generates a bispectrum with the convergence. We show that the post-Born contributions to the bispectrum substantially change the shape predicted from large-scale structure non-linearities alone, and hence must be included to estimate the expected total signal and impact of bispectrum biases on CMB lensing reconstruction quadratic estimators and other observables. The field-rotation power spectrum only becomes potentially detectable for noise levels ≪ 1 μK arcmin, but its bispectrum with the convergence may be observable at ∼ 3σ with Stage IV observations. Rotation-induced and convergence-induced B modes are slightly correlated by the bispectrum, and the bispectrum also produces additional contributions to the lensed BB power spectrum.
Community involvement and adolescent mental health: moderating effects of race/ethnicity and neighborhood disadvantage

Social development and stress process theories suggest that participation in one's community can function as a protective factor for mental health, especially for youth from socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. However, the effects of community involvement on adolescent mental health could vary across racial/ethnic groups and levels of neighborhood disadvantage. The objectives of this paper are to: (1) examine the effects of various types of community involvement on adolescent mental health, and (2) assess the extent to which race/ethnicity and neighborhood disadvantage moderate the effects of community involvement on adolescent mental health. Using data from two waves (1994/95 and 1996) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (“Add Health,” N=7,863), multilevel (hierarchical) linear models were estimated that tested for interaction effects of race/ethnicity and neighborhood disadvantage. The types of community participation that impacted adolescent mental health varied across racial/ethnic groups. Neighborhood interaction and religious participation were salient for both White and Hispanic teens, but the impact of religious participation for Whites was moderated by neighborhood disadvantage. Non-sport extracurricular activities and employment were the salient factors for Black teens, both of which were moderated by neighborhood disadvantage. The findings from this study have implications for community-level and clinical interventions to prevent and/or treat mental health problems among adolescents. Social integration interventions should take into account adolescents' cultural backgrounds and socioeconomic contexts in order to be effective. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Vanishing Intellectuals

Tom Adamowski's letter introduces ideas I would like to examine further: "that intellectuals are sealing themselves off from the educated public outside the universities . that the conditions of . [their] professional lives define their writing . [that the] gulf between the educated, non-academic public and the university intellectuals . is new (or widening). " For the most part these are the published views of 'older' intellectuals, but similar laments are made sotta voce by younger academics not committed to theory, the current opiate of university intellectuals; a single-minded attachment to theory marks the professionalization of the intellectuals who have set up academic banana republics—in literature, economics, sociology, history, philosophy, psychology, even the sciences —smart little empires dedicated to such good things as heterogeneity, contradiction, discordance, displacement, frictions, and collisions, and hostile to squishy doctrines, dangerous fallacies, and reactionary deviationisms.
Estimation of the Reliability Measures of a Three-component System with Human Errors and Common Cause Failures

present paper discusses the problem of estimating the reliability measures of a three-component identical system when the system is affected by Common Cause Shock (CCS) failures as well as human errors. The maximum likelihood estimators of the reliability measures like reliability function and mean time between failures of the present model are obtained. The performances of the proposed estimates have been developed in terms of mean square error, using simulated data.
Reliability and Validity of the D-48 with Mexican American College Students

The D-48, a nonverbal test of general intelligence, is widely used in Europe and other areas of the world, but virtually unknown in the United States. In this study, the D-48 and the School and College Ability Tests (SCAT) were administered to a sample of 250 community college students who were continuing their studies at a large state university. Of the 250 students, 145 were Mexican American and 105 were Anglo. The results indicate no significant mean differences due to ethnicity, gender, or the interaction of the two. Both internal consistency and test-retest reliability were adequate. A step-wise regression analysis indicated an R2 of . 36 with grade point average (GPA), with the D-48 entering as a second variable behind the SCAT Total. Finally, scores on the D-48 correlated modestly but significantly with GPA and with SCAT scores, indicating that the D-48 may be a useful adjunct to assess the capabilities of Mexican American students.
Professional Development That Addresses School Capacity: Lessons from Urban Elementary Schools

We argue that professional development should address five aspects of school capacity: teachers' knowledge, skills, and dispositions; professional community; program coherence; technical resources; and principal leadership. A two-year study of nine urban elementary schools in the United States found considerable variation in schools' use of professional development to address capacity. More comprehensive professional development occurred through both externally developed programs and school-based initiatives. Comprehensive professional development was most strongly related to the school's initial level of capacity and principal leadership, less related to per teacher funding, least related to external assistance and district/state policy. Implications are discussed.
Engaging with commonality and difference: Theoretical tensions in the analysis of working-class women's educational discourses

In this article the authors contribute to ongoing theoretical debates concerning the conceptualisation of multiple social identities and oppressions. The article begins by briefly tracing the path towards current critical/feminist/sociological positions 'between modernism and postmodernism', in which identities ('race', class, gender, etc.) are conceptualised as socially constructed, fluid, shifting and yet grounded in 'real' inequalities and oppressions. The article then builds upon, and contributes to, current theoretical dialogue by highlighting ongoing tensions and unresolved problematics within the theoretical approach, drawing out the particular implications of these for educational research. Issues are discussed with specific reference to recent work by Brah (1999) and illustrations are provided using examples from the authors' research with inner city, working-class women.
Nutrition and somatomedin. XIX. Molecular regulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

Poor growth in diabetes involves low circulating levels of somatomedins/insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), largely reflecting decreased growth factor release by the liver. To define regulatory mechanisms, circulating IGF-1 was compared with levels of a high mol wt putative hepatic IGF-1 precursor and hepatic IGF-1 mRNA in a model of progressive severity of diabetes in rats. Streptozotocin administered at 36, 72, 144, and 288 mg/kg produced graded metabolic decompensation 2 days later, from minimal hyperglycemia with continued weight gain at 36 mg/kg, to marked hyperglycemia, ketonemia, and weight loss at 288 mg/kg (all P less than 0.001). Total serum IGF-1 measured by RIA was unchanged with the 36 and 72 mg/kg doses of streptozotocin (471 +/- 19 and 439 +/- 27 ng/ml, respectively, vs. 517 +/- 27 ng/ml in controls) despite serum glucose greater than 400 mg/dl. With streptozotocin 144 and 288 mg/kg, serum IGF-1 fell to 131 +/- 27 and 142 +/- 10 ng/ml, respectively (both P less than 0.005 vs. controls). Serum IGF-1 was correlated strongly with serum beta-hydroxybutyrate and body weight (r = -0.88 and 0.91, respectively, P less than 0.0001), and less strongly with serum glucose (r = -0.59, P less than 0.0002). Extractable hepatic content of a high mol wt form of immunoreactive IGF-1 (a putative precursor) was unchanged at the two lowest doses of streptozotocin (68 +/- 4 and 83 +/- 9 ngeq/g vs. 67 +/- 4 in controls), but decreased to 16 +/- 3 and 29 +/- 4 ng/g at the two highest doses (both P less than 0.001 vs. controls). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pupil's opportunities to influence activities: a study of everyday practice at a Swedish leisure-time centre

The focal point of this article is a discussion of pupils' opportunities to make their voices heard and influence the activity in a Swedish leisure-time centre. The study comprises six weeks of ethnographically inspired field work including data from participating observations and walk-and-talk conversations. Two voluntary activities, referred to here as ‘free play' and ‘thematic activity', are discussed. The study shows that free play can be described as an activity where the staff take their point of departure based on the children's perspectives and the enhancement of democratic values and decision-making. The thematic activity can, as with free play, be described as a stimulating activity which is also in line with relevant steering documents. However, staff members’ points of departure are grounded in an adult perspective, a perspective that focuses on affording ‘good' activities. This results in an activity where the pupils’ opportunities to take part in democratic decision-making differ compared to that in free play.
Spatial-region classification by Min-Connected algorithm for unsupervised segmentation

This work lies within the scope of color image segmentation by spatial-region classification. The spatial distribution of objects in each region of image is difficult to be identified when the region are non-connected clusters. A standard of color identification by conventional methods of segmentation remains weak for capturing the spatial dispersion of the various objects of the same color region. We propose to apply a spatial classification to characterize geographical connected sets that represent the same regions. The originality of this paper lies in our new min-connected algorithm which is derived from a spatial-color compactness model. Our work is a hybrid segmentation that takes into account the distribution of colors in the color space and the spatial location of colors in the image plane. Experimental tests on synthetic and real images show that our technique leads to promising results for segmentation.
Synthesis and in vitro investigation of halogenated 1,3‐bis(4‐nitrophenyl)triazenide salts as antitubercular compounds

The diverse pharmacological properties of the diaryltriazenes have sparked the interest to investigate their potential to be repurposed as antitubercular drug candidates. In an attempt to improve the antitubercular activity of a previously constructed diaryltriazene library, eight new halogenated nitroaromatic triazenides were synthesized and underwent biological evaluation. The potency of the series was confirmed against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis lab strain H37Ra, and for the most potent derivative, we observed a minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.85 μm. The potency of the triazenide derivatives against M. tuberculosis H37Ra was found to be highly dependent on the nature of the halogenated phenyl substituent and less dependent on cationic species used for the preparation of the salts. Although the inhibitory concentration against J774A.1 macrophages was observed at 3.08 μm, the cellular toxicity was not mediated by the generation of nitroxide intermediate as confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, whereas no in vitro mutagenicity could be observed for the new halogenated nitroaromatic triazenides when a trifluoromethyl substituent was present on both the aryl moieties.
Moving Toward Justice for Female Juvenile Offenders in the New Millennium

This article presents an overview of national and state efforts to address gender-specific programming and summarizes findings from a statewide assessment in California in 1997 and 1998. Review of the literature and results of data analyses of a cross-sectional survey of program providers and agency representatives, along with information from focus group interviews with program participants and providers, show that the needs of girls and young women in the juvenile justice system are tied to specific, identifiable risk and protective factors, from which it is possible to model gender-appropriate interventions. The results indicate that the family is the most important risk and protective factor for young women. Respondents indicated a wide range of barriers to program services and the need for more information and gender-specific program models or best practices. It would appear that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention's Challenge Activity E grant has provided the initial momentum toward shaping the policies and programs for the new millennium in California and other states, but there is still much to be done to meet this challenge.