Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Comparison of Workshop-Training and Booklet-Offering on Knowledge, Health Beliefs and Behavior of Breastfeeding after Delivery

Introduction: Known benefits of breastfeeding have led to making health-policies based on promotion of breastfeeding. One of the appropriate ways of promoting breastfeeding seems to be providing appropriate and effective training. This study was done aimed on comparing workshops and booklets on knowledge, beliefs and behaviors of breastfeeding after delivery. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 90 pregnant women who were selected in quota sampling method from Gonabad health centers in 2010. Participants randomly divided into three groups of workshop training (30 people), booklet (30 people) and control group (30 people). All the participants filled demographic questionnaire, knowledge and health beliefs assessment form before intervention. In workshop group, a three-hour workshop was performed about breastfeeding. In the booklet group, a booklet about breastfeeding was given and in control group no special training was offered. During the first 24 hours after delivery, breastfeeding behavior was observed and breastfeeding-behavior check-list, as well as, knowledge and belief breastfeeding assessment form was completed. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software version19, chi-square test, t-student, ANOVA, and Scheffe tests. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Mean score of knowledge about breastfeeding after childbirth was higher in workshop training group than booklet group (13.10±1.62 vs. 8.33±2.73) and Schaffe test showed a significant difference in this case (p= 0.003). Mean score of health beliefs about postpartum breastfeeding was higher in workshop training group than control group (50.83±3.68 vs. 43.9±6.01) and Scheffe test showed a significant difference in this case (p=0.016). Mean score of breastfeeding behavior was higher in workshop group than booklet group (6.63±1.21 vs. 4.86±1.19) and Scheffe test showed a significant statistical difference in this case (p< 0.001). Conclusion: Training breastfeeding through workshop leads to higher consciousness, more desirable health beliefs and proper breastfeeding behavior right after childbirth than through booklet.
A tale of industrial stagnation from Africa

Many African economies have experienced rather dismal industrial development since the 1980s. The consensus is that African firms lack competitiveness in a world with increasing trade openness. What determines competitiveness? A well‐known explanation is that resource endowments in Africa favour land not labour, which results in high wages, especially in comparison with ‘labour abundant’ Asian economies. This paper examines the validity of this view on the basis of the case of Sudan. We demonstrate that the lack of competitiveness of manufacturing industries is not caused by high wages. Assuming a direct relationship between labour productivity and international competitiveness, we argue that acute capacity underutilisation, caused by supply‐side constraints, lowers manufacturing productivity, which in turn negatively influences competitiveness.
Active Visual Object Search in Unknown Environments Using Uncertain Semantics

In this paper, we study the problem of active visual search (AVS) in large, unknown, or partially known environments. We argue that by making use of uncertain semantics of the environment, a robot tasked with finding an object can devise efficient search strategies that can locate everyday objects at the scale of an entire building floor, which is previously unknown to the robot. To realize this, we present a probabilistic model of the search environment, which allows for prioritizing the search effort to those parts of the environment that are most promising for a specific object type. Further, we describe a method for reasoning about the unexplored part of the environment for goal-directed exploration with the purpose of object search. We demonstrate the validity of our approach by comparing it with two other search systems in terms of search trajectory length and time. First, we implement a greedy coverage-based search strategy that is found in previous work. Second, we let human participants search for objects as an alternative comparison for our method. Our results show that AVS strategies that exploit uncertain semantics of the environment are a very promising idea, and our method pushes the state-of-the-art forward in AVS.
Exploring the Stability-Energy Consumption-Delay-Network Lifetime Tradeoff of Mobile Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols

We present a detailed ns-2 based simulation analysis on four of the prominent mobile ad hoc network routing protocols: Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol, Associativity-Based Routing (ABR) protocol, Flow- Oriented Routing Protocol (FORP) and the Routelifetime Assessment Based Routing (RABR) protocol. The simulations were conducted with and without transmission power control. We define transmission power control for a hop comprising of a sender and receiver as the problem of choosing the transmission power at the sender depending on the distance to the intended receiver. Route stability is quantified using the number of route transitions (route discoveries) incurred for a source-destination session. We also define the network lifetime as the time of first node failure due to exhaustion of node battery power. Our simulation results indicate a stability versus {energy consumption-delay-network lifetime} tradeoff among the four routing protocols: FORP routes are more stable than RABR routes, which are more stable than ABR routes, which are more stable than DSR routes. With respect to the end-to-end delay per packet, network lifetime, the energy consumed per node and the energy consumed per packet, DSR is better than ABR, which is better than RABR, which is better than FORP. We observe this tradeoff for simulations conducted with and without transmission power control. Nevertheless, the crucial observation is that by using transmission power control, the tradeoff could be reduced: the higher the stability of the routing protocol, the larger is the magnitude of reduction in the energy consumption and improvement in the network lifetime.
survival in multiple myeloma Circulating proteasome levels are an independent prognostic factor for

doi:10.1182/blood-2006-04-016360Prepublished online November 9, 2006;2007 109: 2100-2105€€€€Burmester, Peter-M. Kloetzel and Orhan SezerHeider, Martin Kaiser, Claudia Fleissner, Jan Sterz, Lorenz Kleeberg, Eugen Feist, Gerd-R. Christian Jakob, Karl Egerer, Peter Liebisch, Seval Turkmen, Ivana Zavrski, Ulrike Kuckelkorn, Ulrike€
Gerosuppression in confluent cells

The most physiological type of cell cycle arrest – namely, contact inhibition in dense culture - is the least densely studied. Despite cell cycle arrest, confluent cells do not become senescent. We recently described that mTOR (target of rapamycin) is inactive in contact-inhibited cells. Therefore, conversion from reversible arrest to senescence (geroconversion) is suppressed. I this Perspective, we further extended the gerosuppression model. While causing senescence in regular cell density, etoposide failed to cause senescence in contact-inhibited cells. A transient reactivation of mTOR favored geroconversion in etoposide-treated confluent cells. Like p21, p16 did not cause senescence in high cell density. We discuss that suppression of geroconversion in confluent and contact-inhibited cultures mimics gerosuppression in the organism. We confirmed that levels of p-S6 were low in murine tissues in the organism compared with mouse embryonic fibroblasts in cell culture, whereas p-Akt was reciprocally high in the organism.
L-NAME PREVENTS EEG AND BEHAVIORAL ALTERATIONS INDUCED BY MORPHINE AND DELTORPHIN II IN THE RABBIT.

The present study investigated the possible role of nitric oxide (NO) in the development of morphine- and Deltorphin II-induced elec-troencephalographic (EEG) seizures in rabbits. Central administration of morphine and Deltorphin II (100 μg/icv/toto) produces EEG seizure activity in rabbits, associated with wet-dog shakes, myoclonic twitches and convulsive activity. L-NG-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (300 μg/i.c.v./toto) did not induce significant EEG or behavioral changes whereas when injected 15 min before i.c. v. morphine or Deltorphin II (100 μg/icv/toto) dose dependently prevented the EEG ictal episodes, the spiking activity and the synchronized EEG pattern induced by morphine or Deltorphin II. The inhibitory effect of L-NAME on morphine or Deltorphin II seizures was dose-dependently reversed by L-arginine (300 μg/icv/toto) but not by D-arginine. Finally, glyceryl trinitrate on its own (300 μg/icv/toto) significantly increased morphine or Deltorphin II seizures in the rabbit and it was also able to reverse the inhibition on morphine or Deltorphin II seizures operated by L-NAME . These results provide evidence that NO may play a significant role in the development of opioids-EEG seizures
OpenFace: A general-purpose face recognition library with mobile applications

Cameras are becoming ubiquitous in the Internet of Things (IoT) and can use face recognition technology to improve context. There is a large accuracy gap between today’s publicly available face recognition systems and the state-of-the-art private face recognition systems. This paper presents our OpenFace face recognition library that bridges this accuracy gap. We show that OpenFace provides near-human accuracy on the LFW benchmark and present a new classification benchmark for mobile scenarios. This paper is intended for non-experts interested in using OpenFace and provides a light introduction to the deep neural network techniques we use. We released OpenFace in October 2015 as an open source library under the Apache 2.0 license. It is available at: http://cmusatyalab.github. io/openface/ This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant number CNS-1518865. Additional support was provided by Crown Castle, the Conklin Kistler family fund, Google, the Intel Corporation, and Vodafone. NVIDIA’s academic hardware grant provided the Tesla K40 GPU used in all of our experiments. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and should not be attributed to their employers or funding sources.
Work–life balance in media newsrooms

This research examined work–life balance in media newsrooms. A total of 50 in-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with individuals currently employed in US newsrooms of varying market sizes including small and medium market television stations, such as KCAU (Sioux City, IA), WHTM (Harrisburg, PA), WGAL (Lancaster County, PA), NBC12 (Richmond, VA), NY1 (News York, NY), and WNBC (New York, NY); regional newspapers, such as Lancaster Newspapers and the York Daily Record; and national news organizations, such as The New York Times, CNN, ABC, and FOX. Results indicate that males had more difficulty separating work and life than females. However, females reported more positive work-to-family spillover than males. Those working in both print and television newsrooms stated that digital technology further impeded their ability to adequately balance work and family life.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES LIQUIDITY TRAP AND EXCESSIVE LEVERAGE

We investigate the role of macroprudential policies in mitigating liquidity traps driven by deleveraging, using a simple Keynesian model. When constrained agents engage in deleveraging, the interest rate needs to fall to induce unconstrained agents to pick up the decline in aggregate demand. However, if the fall in the interest rate is limited by the zero lower bound, aggregate demand is insufficient and the economy enters a liquidity trap. In such an environment, agents' ex-ante leverage and insurance decisions are associated with aggregate demand externalities. The competitive equilibrium allocation is constrained inefficient. Welfare can be improved by ex-ante macroprudential policies such as debt limits and mandatory insurance requirements. The size of the required intervention depends on the differences in marginal propensity to consume between borrowers and lenders during the deleveraging episode. In our model, contractionary monetary policy is inferior to macroprudential policy in addressing excessive leverage, and it can even have the unintended consequence of increasing leverage. Anton Korinek Department of Economics Johns Hopkins University 440 Mergenthaler Hall 3400 N. Charles Street Baltimore, MD 21218 and NBER akorinek@jhu.edu Alp Simsek Department of Economics, E17-244 MIT 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, Ma. 02139 and NBER asimsek@mit.edu
Single-Microphone Speech Dereverberation: Modulation Domain Processing and Quality Assessment

In a reverberant enclosure, acoustic speech signals are degraded by reflections from walls, ceilings, and objects. Restoring speech quality and intelligibility from reverberated speech has received increasing interest over the past few years. Although multiple channel dereverberation methods provide some improvements in speech quality/intelligibility, single-channel dereverberation remains an open challenge. Two types of advanced single-channel dereverberation methods, namely acoustic domain spectral subtraction and modulation domain filtering, provide small improvement in speech quality and intelligibility. In this thesis, we study single-channel dereverberation algorithms. Firstly, an upper bound of time-frequency masking (TFM) performance for dereverberation is obtained using ideal time-frequency masking (ITFM). ITFM has access to both the clean and reverberated speech signals in estimating the binary-mask matrix. ITFM implements binary masking in the short time Fourier transform (STFT) domain, preserving only those spectral components less corrupted by reverberation. The experiment results show that single-channel ITFM outperforms four existing multi-channel dereverberation methods and suggest that large potential improvements could be obtained using TFM for speech dereverberation. Secondly, a novel modulation domain spectral subtraction method is proposed i for dereverberation. This method estimates modulation domain long reverberation spectral variance (LRSV) from time domain LRSV using a statistical room impulse response (RIR) model and implements spectral subtraction in the modulation domain. On one hand, different from acoustic domain spectral subtraction, our method implements spectral subtraction in the modulation domain, which has been shown to play an important role in speech perception. On the other hand, different from modulation domain filtering which uses a time-invariant filter, our method takes the changes of reverberated speech spectral variance along time into account and implements spectral subtraction adaptively. Objective and informal subjective tests show that our proposed method outperforms two existing state-of-the-art single-channel dereverberation algorithms.
Estimating the Returns to Insider Trading: A Performance-Evaluation Perspective

This paper uses performance-evaluation methodology to estimate the returns earned by insiders when they trade their company's stock. Our methods are designed to estimate the returns earned by insiders themselves and thereby differ from the previous insider-trading literature, which focuses on the informativeness of insider trades for other investors. We find that insider purchases earn abnormal returns of more than 6 per year, and insider sales do not earn significant abnormal returns. We compute that the expected costs of insider trading to noninsiders are about 10 cents for a 10,000 transaction.
The Principal and Instructional Leadership.

Effective-schools research has determined that successful schools are invariably led by a principal who is recognized as an instructional leader. This paper synthesizes and attempts to clarify the most recent perspectives on instructional leadership. Data sources included professional educational journals, trade books on leadership, and anthologies of articles written by professional educators. The paper defines instructional leadership and identifies the personal and professional characteristics of instructional leaders and the tasks in which they engage themselves and others. The paper also discusses strategies for implementing instructional leadership at the school site, the role of the central office in enhancing instructional leadership, the effects of effective instructional leadership on student achievement, and transformational leadership. The paper recommends restructuring the principal's role so that the principal focuses on performing administrative functions and delegates instructional/curricular responsibilities to a curriculum director who works with lead teachers. (LMI) AAAAAAA-AAAAAAA*7%**************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. :r :. THE PRINCIPAL AND INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP by Dr. Paul M. Terry Indiana-Purdue University Fort Wayne Presented at the Annual Conference National Council of Professors of Educational Administration
Extremism in Education in Pakistan: University Teachers’ Thoughts

This research study was conducted to explore the teachers’ thoughts on extremism in education in Pakistan. The idea of research in this aspect was inspired by the recent acts of terrorism in some leading educational institutions of Pakistan. University teachers were interviewed by the researcher. Questions asked by the researcher were developed from the relevant factors taken from respective literature. The researcher validated these questions with the expert opinion of his supervisor. After validation of questions of interview, data were collected from nine university teachers including three female and six male teachers, belonging to different universities of Pakistan. The sample was purpose drawn from teachers who belonged to different sects, castes, environment and culture, so that a comprehensive opinion come. The interview protocol followed all ethical considerations. The interviews recorded were translated into English with especial focus on the meanings. The collected data were then analyzed according to thematic description approach. The themes were identified and coded and then interpreted into meaningful answers to the research questions. Teachers believed that there were different types and nature of extremism in educational institutions. The major factors identified by the teachers were financial, power politics, deprivation of rights, over-ruling of merit, straying away from the true path of Islam and lack of economic opportunities. Teachers also suggested some recommendations for controlling extremism in universities of Pakistan
SecY and SecA interact to allow SecA insertion and protein translocation across the Escherichia coli plasma membrane

SecA, the preprotein‐driving ATPase in Escherichia coli, was shown previously to insert deeply into the plasma membrane in the presence of ATP and a preprotein; this movement of SecA was proposed to be mechanistically coupled with preprotein translocation. We now address the role played by SecY, the central subunit of the membrane‐embedded heterotrimeric complex, in the SecA insertion reaction. We identified a secY mutation (secY205), affecting the most carboxy‐terminal cytoplasmic domain, that did not allow ATP and preprotein‐dependent productive SecA insertion, while allowing idling insertion without the preprotein. Thus, the secY205 mutation might affect the SecYEG ‘channel’ structure in accepting the preprotein‐SecA complex or its opening by the complex. We isolated secA mutations that allele‐specifically suppressed the secY205 translocation defect in vivo. One mutant protein, SecA36, with an amino acid alteration near the high‐affinity ATP‐binding site, was purified and suppressed the in vitro translocation defect of the inverted membrane vesicles carrying the SecY205 protein. The SecA36 protein could also insert into the mutant membrane vesicles in vitro. These results provide genetic evidence that SecA and SecY specifically interact, and show that SecY plays an essential role in insertion of SecA in response to a preprotein and ATP and suggest that SecA drives protein translocation by inserting into the membrane in vivo.
Optical depth for VHE gamma-rays from distant sources from a generic EBL density

Very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) γ-rays from distant sources suffer attenuation through pair-production with low energy photons from the diffuse extragalactic photon fields in the ultraviolet (UV) to far-infrared (FIR) (commonly referred to as extragalactic background light; EBL). When modeling the intrinsic spectra of the VHE γ-ray sources it is crucial to correctly account for the attenuation. Unfortunately, direct measurements of the EBL are difficult and the knowledge about the EBL over certain wavelength ranges is poor. To calculate the EBL attenuation, usually predictions from theoretical models are used. Recently, the limits on the EBL from direct and indirect methods have narrowed down the possible EBL range and many of the previous models are in conflict with these limits. We propose a new generic EBL density (not a complete model), which is in compliance with the new EBL limits. EBL evolution with redshift is included in the calculation in a very simple but effective ad hoc way. Properties of this generic EBL are discussed.
Simulation-Based Study of Common Issues in VANET Routing Protocols

Vehicular communications have been one of the hottest research topics for the last few years. Many routing protocols have been proposed for such kind of networks. Most of them try to exploit the information which may be available at the vehicle by the time that a routing decision must be made. In addition, some solutions are designed taking into account the particular, highly partitioned, network connectivity in vehicular settings. To do so, they embrace the store-carry- forward paradigm of delay-tolerant networks. Despite the great variety of approaches which have been proposed, we found that there is a set of issues which are common to many vehicular ad hoc routing protocols in the literature. In this paper, we perform a simulation-based analysis of five of those protocols, which are representative of the various categories of vehicular routing. We describe in detail every problem and show simulation results which support our reasonings. Moreover, solutions to solve every presented problem are outlined. The paper is concluded with some guidelines which may be helpful to prospective VANET routing protocol designers.