Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A survey of hybridisation methods of GNSS and wireless LAN based positioning system

Self-localisation has become a matter of course in our daily life. The emerging market of mobile devices still boosts the demand for seamless, ubiquitous positioning. The repertoire of sensors serviceable for localisation provided by current mobile devices is large; however the main positioning systems used today are based on wireless local area networks (WLAN), cellular networks and certainly global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). Because of the accuracy, the vast deployment and the channel characteristics, researchers have been focused on WLAN based positioning systems (WPS) in particular, to achieve seamless positioning. This paper reviews the latest data fusion approaches to seamless positioning by GNSS and WPS. In accordance to the level of data fusion, several approaches are categorised and briefly presented, differences in performance of these approaches are highlighted and future challenges identified.
Beat-to-Beat Cycle Length Variability of Spontaneously Beating Guinea Pig Sinoatrial Cells: Relative Contributions of the Membrane and Calcium Clocks

The heartbeat arises rhythmically in the sino-atrial node (SAN) and then spreads regularly throughout the heart. The molecular mechanism underlying SAN rhythm has been attributed by recent studies to the interplay between two clocks, one involving the hyperpolarization activated cation current If (the membrane clock), and the second attributable to activation of the electrogenic NaCa exchanger by spontaneous sarcoplasmic releases of calcium (the calcium clock). Both mechanisms contain, in principle, sources of beat-to-beat cycle length variability, which can determine the intrinsic variability of SAN firing and, in turn, contribute to the heart rate variability. In this work we have recorded long sequences of action potentials from patch clamped guinea pig SAN cells (SANCs) perfused, in turn, with normal Tyrode solution, with the If inhibitor ivabradine (3 µM), then back to normal Tyrode, and again with the ryanodine channels inhibitor ryanodine (3 µM). We have found that, together with the expected increase in beating cycle length (+25%), the application of ivabradine brought about a significant and dramatic increase in beat-to-beat cycle length variability (+50%). Despite the similar effect on firing rate, ryanodine did not modify significantly beat-to-beat cycle length variability. Acetylcholine was also applied and led to a 131% increase of beating cycle length, with only a 70% increase in beat-to-beat cycle length variability. We conclude that the main source of inter-beat variability of SANCs firing rate is related to the mechanism of the calcium clock, whereas the membrane clock seems to act in stabilizing rate. Accordingly, when the membrane clock is silenced by application of ivabradine, stochastic variations of the calcium clock are free to make SANCs beating rhythm more variable.
Predictors of Default from Treatment for Tuberculosis: a Single Center Case–Control Study in Korea

Default from tuberculosis (TB) treatment could exacerbate the disease and result in the emergence of drug resistance. This study identified the risk factors for default from TB treatment in Korea. This single-center case–control study analyzed 46 default cases and 100 controls. Default was defined as interrupting treatment for 2 or more consecutive months. The reasons for default were mainly incorrect perception or information about TB (41.3%) and experience of adverse events due to TB drugs (41.3%). In univariate analysis, low income (< 2,000 US dollars/month, 88.1% vs. 68.4%, P = 0.015), absence of TB stigma (4.3% vs. 61.3%, P < 0.001), treatment by a non-pulmonologist (74.1% vs. 25.9%, P < 0.001), history of previous treatment (37.0% vs. 19.0%, P = 0.019), former defaulter (15.2% vs. 2.0%, P = 0.005), and combined extrapulmonary TB (54.3% vs. 34.0%, P = 0.020) were significant risk factors for default. In multivariate analysis, the absence of TB stigma (adjusted odd ratio [aOR]: 46.299, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.078–265.365, P < 0.001), treatment by a non-pulmonologist (aOR: 14.567, 95% CI: 3.260–65.089, P < 0.001), former defaulters (aOR: 33.226, 95% CI: 2.658–415.309, P = 0.007), and low income (aOR: 5.246, 95% CI: 1.249–22.029, P = 0.024) were independent predictors of default from TB treatment. In conclusion, patients with absence of disease stigma, treated by a non-pulmonologist, who were former defaulters, and with low income should be carefully monitored during TB treatment in Korea to avoid treatment default.
Properties of Two Hypernovae Entering the Nebular Phase: SN 1997ef and SN 1997dq

The two peculiar Type Ic supernovae (SNe) 1997ef and 1997dq are shown to have very similar photometric and spectral evolution in the epochs when both SNe are observed (i.e., beyond ~80 days after the explosion). The early light curves and spectra of SN 1997ef suggested that this was a "hypernova," or "SN 1998bw-like Type Ic supernova. " The fact that the two SNe are very similar allows us to extend the time coverage of this type of event, since SN 1997dq, unlike SN 1997ef, was observed well into the nebular phase. In contrast to SN 1998bw, the spectra of these two SNe did not become fully nebular until almost 1 yr after the explosion. During a long transition phase, lasting at least 6 months, the SNe developed nebular emission in lines of [O I] and [Ca II], but at the same time they retained an underlying, photospheric-type spectrum, originating at very low velocities. Spectral synthesis techniques are used to model the spectrum of SN 1997dq, suggesting that it produced ~0.16 M☉ of 56Ni, and that a significant fraction of this is located in a dense, low-velocity inner region.
Joint Image GMM and Shading MAP Estimation ( Version 0 . 8 )

We consider a simple statistical model of the image, in which the image is represented as a sum of two parts: one part is explained by an i.i. d. color Gaussian mixture and the other part is a (piecewise-)smoothly varying grayscale shading function. The smoothness is ensured by a quadratic (Tikhonov) or total variation regularization. We derive an EM algorithm to estimate simultaneously the parameters of the mixture model and the shading. Our algorithms solve for shading and mean parameters of the mixture model jointly for both kinds of the regularization.
Fair Wages and Effort Provision: Combining Evidence from a Choice Experiment and a Field Experiment

The presence of workers who reciprocate higher wages with greater effort can have important consequences for firms and labor markets. Knowledge about the extent and determinants of reciprocal effort choices is, however, incomplete. We investigate the role of fairness perceptions and social preferences in a field experiment in which workers were hired for a one-time job. We show that workers who perceive being underpaid at the base wage increase their performance if the hourly wage increases, whereas those who feel adequately paid or overpaid at the base wage do not change their performance. Moreover, we find that only the workers who display reciprocity in a choice experiment show reciprocal effort responses in the field. The workers who lack reciprocity in the choice experiment do not respond to the wage increase, even if they feel underpaid at the base wage. Our findings suggest that fairness perceptions and social preferences are key in workers' performance response to wage increases. In our study, the wage increase affects effort mainly through the removal of perceived unfairness, i.e., the elimination of negative reciprocity toward the firm, rather than positive reciprocity. These results are the first direct evidence of the fair-wage effort hypothesis in the field and also help interpret previous contradictory findings in the literature. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi. org/10.1287/mnsc.2014. 1970 . This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Knowledge management in agile innovative organisations

Technology and innovation processes are formed by knowledge bases and continuous flows of information. Their intangibility and the actual trend to support the competitiveness of the firm in the synergetic relations of its intangible assets have led to a new form of analysis of the technological innovation processes. Technology management also requires assuming new activities to manage effectively the flow of information and the knowledge reservoirs which are necessary to provide a quick answer to the uncertainty and dynamism of technological evolution. The firm should also create knowledge milieus, common shared environments or bas and a clear knowledge culture. In this paper, we review the importance of the knowledge consideration of technology and its incidence on the innovation process, and then we analyse which are the main charactersitics of knowledge management and how it should be put into practice in the innovating firm, where knowledge managers are an essential component.
Send Orders of Reprints at Bspsaif@emirates.net.ae a Decade of Global Mrna and Mirna Profiling of Hpv-positive Cell Lines and Clinical Specimens

For more than a decade, global gene expression profiling has been extensively used to elucidate the biology of human papillomaviruses (HPV) and their role in cervical-and head-and-neck cancers. Since 2008, the expression profiling of miRNAs has been reported in multiple HPV studies. Two major strategies have been employed in the gene and miRNA profiling studies: In the first approach, HPV positive tumors were compared to normal tissues or to HPV negative tumors. The second strategy relied on analysis of cell cultures transfected with single HPV oncogenes or with HPV genomes compared to untransfected cells considered as models for the development of premalignant and malignant transformations. In this review, we summarize what we have learned from a decade of global expression profiling studies. We performed comprehensive analysis of the overlap of the lists of differentially expressed genes and microRNAs, in both tissue samples and cell culture based studies. The review focuses mainly on HPV16, however reports from other HPV species are used as references. We discuss the low degree of consensus among different studies and the limitation of differential expression analysis as well as the fragmented miRNA-mRNA target correlation evidence. Furthermore, we propose an approach for future research to include more comprehensive miRNA-mRNA target correlation analysis and to apply systems biology/gene networks methodology.
Social Relationships and Trust

While social relationships play an important role for individuals to cope with missing market institutions, they also limit individuals' range of trading partners. This paper aims at understanding the determinants of trust at various social distances when information asymmetries are present. Among participants from an informal housing area in Cairo we find that the increase in trust following a reduction in social distance comes from the fact that trustors are much more inclined to follow their beliefs when interacting with their friend. When interacting with an ex-ante unknown agent instead, the decision to trust is mainly driven by social preferences. Nevertheless, trustors underestimate their friend's intrinsic motivation to cooperate, leading to a loss in social welfare. We relate this to the agents' inability to signal their trustworthiness in an environment characterized by strong social norms.
Predicting someone's true identity: Linguistic norms and cues in online personal advertisements

4 Introduction 5 Hypothesis 7 Research Questions 7 Rationale 7 Literature Review 10 Online Dating 10 Social Penetration Theory 13 Uncertainty Reduction 16 Symbolic Convergence Theory 19 Self-Presentation Theory 23 Social Identity Theory 27 Method 29 Results 35 Narrative Content Analysis 35 Picture Content Analysis Results 41 Discussion 57 Limitations 58 Future Research 59 References 61 Appendix 69 LINGUISTIC NORMS IN PERSONAL ADVERTISEMENTS 4 Predicting Someone’s True Identity: Linguistic Norms and Cues in Online Personal Advertisements Name: Lindsay Elliott Department: Communication College: Liberal Arts Degree: Master of Science in Communication and Media Technologies Term Degree Awarded: Winter (20102)
A Journal of the American Heart Association Alterations in Numbers of Circulating Platelets Following Surgical Operation and Administration of Adrenocorticotropic Hor .

The factors influencing alterations in circulating platelets following surgical operations are anal ! yzed. There is probably no bone marrow depression following surgery which might be responsible for the early thrombocytopenia, nor is operative hemorrhage sufficient to do so. Evidence procured from administration of adrenocorticotropic hormone suggests that adrenal hyperactivity, a result of the stress of operation, may play an important part in the early postoperative thrombo-cvtopenia. The later thrombocvtosis was, however, not observed following administration of this (Irug. N UMEROUS studies on postoperative venous thrombosis indicate that it may be in part due to alterations in the coagulation mechanism induced by the operation rather than entirely to the more commonly incriminated factors of venous stasis or roughened endothelium. Of the coagulation factors affected by a surgical operation the platelets have shown the most consistent changes.' A thrombocytopenia during the first three or four postoperative days followed by a thrombocytosis during the second post-operative week is the characteristic response to a major operation of the magnitude of partial gastrectomy or pulmonary resection. What part, if any, this platelet tide plays in causing postoperative thrombosis is not kown. It is possible, however, that examination of the factors influencing it would point the way to more rational prophylaxis against postopera-tive thrombosis. A fall in circulating platelets could be caused From the Veterans Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, M\Lass. 481 by decreased platelet production or by "periph-eral" loss. A study by Kerhulas and co-work-ers2 of the activity of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow failed to show valid evidence of depression of activity three days after operations. Further work performed in this laboratory has shown no alteration in platelet ad-hesiveness during that part of the postoperative period (fig. 1). Since Wright3 has produced evidence which suggests that increased ad-hesiveness of platelets is indicative of platelet regeneration, this serves as further testimony against a change in bone marrow activity as the cause of the early thrombocytopenia. In further attempts to explain it we have, therefore , directed our attention to a search for possible causes of peripheral platelet losses. Observations on two of them, hemorrhage and the endocrine response of the body to stress, are reported in this communication.
Extracting a Robust U.S. Business Cycle Using a Time-Varying Multivariate Model-Based Bandpass Filter

We develop a flexible business cycle indicator that accounts for potential time variation in macroeconomic variables. The coincident economic indicator is based on a multivariate trend cycle decomposition model and is constructed from a moderate set of US macroeconomic time series. In particular, we consider an unobserved components time series model with a common cycle that is shared across different time series but adjusted for phase shift and amplitude. The extracted cycle can be interpreted as a model-based bandpass filter and is designed to emphasize the business cycle frequencies that are of interest to applied researchers and policymakers. Stochastic volatility processes and mixture distributions for the irregular components and the common cycle disturbances enable us to account for the heteroskedasticity present in the data. Forecasting results are presented for a set of different specifications. Point forecasts from the preferred model indicate a future recession with the uncertainty over the business cycle growing quickly as the forecast horizon increases. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Limited expression of slow tonic myosin heavy chain in human cranial muscles

Recent reports of slow tonic myosin heavy chain (MHCst) in human masticatory and laryngeal muscles suggest that MHCst may have a wider distribution in humans than previously thought. Because of the novelty of this finding, we sought to confirm the presence of MHCst in human masticatory and laryngeal muscles by reacting tissue from these muscles and controls from extraocular, intrafusal, cardiac, appendicular, and developmental muscle with antibodies (Abs) ALD‐58 and S46, considered highly specific for MHCst. At Ab dilutions producing minimal reaction to muscle fibers positive for MHCI, only extraocular, intrafusal, and fetal tongue tissue reacted with Ab S46 had strong immunoreaction in an appreciable number of muscle fibers. In immunoblots, Ab S46, but not Ab ALD‐58, labeled adult extraocular muscles; no other muscles were labeled with either Ab. We conclude that, in humans, Ab S46 has greater specificity for MHCst than does Ab ALD‐58. We suggest that reports of MHCst in human masticatory and laryngeal muscles reflect false‐positive identification of MHCst due to cross‐reactivity of Ab ALD‐58 with another MHC isoform. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Does Managerial Sentiment Affect Accrual Estimates ? Evidence from the Banking Industry

Defining managerial sentiment as managers’ beliefs about future firm outcomes that are unjustified by the information available to them, we hypothesize and find that managerial sentiment is associated with unintentional errors in accrual estimates. Using a sample of public banks, we find that: (1) managerial sentiment is negatively correlated with loan loss provision estimates; (2) loan loss provision estimates made in periods of higher (lower) sentiment are associated with more (less) future charge-offs; and (3) the effects of sentiment are greater for firms with more “uncertain” or more “difficult-to-predict” charge-offs. We find the same results using a sample of private banks, suggesting that the bias in the provision estimates is unintentional, as opposed to strategic. These results are robust to firm-level determinants of loan loss provisions, macroeconomic variables found to affect either loan loss provisions or measures of sentiment, and multiple proxies for managerial sentiment. We contribute to the literature by documenting evidence on how unintentional biases linked with managerial sentiment influence financial reporting decisions.
Reengineering based change in the further education sector in Northern Ireland - A qualitative study

The aim of this paper is to investigate the role of a large scale change approach, namely Reengineering, as a method of implementing change in the further education (FE) sector in Northern Ireland (NI). Case studies on 17 FE colleges in NI provided a valuable source of material on how a process‐based Reengineering project can be applied to an FE college. A comparative analysis of the key change issues facing FE colleges and the key elements of business process reengineering (BPR), revealed a commonality in key areas namely: customer focus – a key element of BPR and an imperative for the FE sector; an emphasis on designing and improving key business processes – a key element of BPR and a goal for FE colleges due to internal restructuring caused by incorporation; fundamental change – an essential key tenet of BPR and a key requirement in the FE sector; critical success factors – a key BPR implementation issue covering factors unique to the FE sector that must be addressed for the successful implementation of change.
A study exploring the perceived experiences of women who dropped out of GED preparation programs

Significant numbers of women drop out of GED preparation programs. This phenomenological study used interviews and demographic surveys to learn how 12 women perceived their experiences of dropping out of GED programs. Possible selves theory and McClusky’s theory of margin provided the theoretical framework for this research. Possible selves theory examined how women’s past, present, and future selves were considered in their experience of the phenomenon, while theory of margin was used to look at the network of challenges and supports present in their lives. This study found that at the time the women dropped out of GED programs: (a) they no longer believed they could achieve their desired future selves, (b) past choices continued to adversely affect them, (c) their burdens far exceeded their resources, (d) they identified the status quo as their feared possible selves, and (e) they believed that having a tutor would have enabled them stay in GED classes. The study recommends: (a) introducing theory of margin and possible selves to students as tools for taking stock and planning for educational success, (b) forming community volunteer tutoring networks, and (c) recording dropout numbers within GED programs to illustrate the need for additional funds. This population is marginalized because they become invisible to society and GED preparation programs when they stop attending. A STUDY EXPLORING THE PERCEIVED EXPERIENCES OF WOMEN WHO DROPPED OUT OF GED PREPARATION PROGRAMS
The Endothelial Cell-Specific Antibody PAL-E Identifies a Secreted Form of Vimentin in the Blood Vasculature

ABSTRACT During mammalian vascular development, endothelial cells form a complex array of vessels that differ markedly in structure and function, but the molecular basis for this vascular complexity is poorly understood. Recent insights into endothelial diversity have come from the identification of molecular markers expressed on distinct endothelial cell populations. One such marker, the PAL-E antibody, has been used for almost 20 years to distinguish blood and lymphatic vessels, but the identity of the protein recognized by PAL-E has been unknown. In the present study we have used protein purification and tandem mass spectrometry analysis of tryptic peptides to identify the PAL-E antigen as a secreted form of vimentin. Vimentin has been well characterized as an intracellular intermediate filament protein expressed broadly in mesenchymal cells. In contrast, PAL-E-reactive vimentin is secreted extracellularly, its synthesis is restricted to a distinct population of blood endothelial cells and activated macrophages, and PAL-E-reactive vimentin is found in circulating human blood. PAL-E-reactive vimentin does not arise from an endothelial cell-specific mRNA transcript but is the product of cell-specific posttranslational modification. The PAL-E antibody therefore defines secretion of vimentin as a molecular distinction among endothelial cells and exposes a novel, extracellular role for vimentin in the blood vasculature.
The Experience of Being Obese and the Many Consequences of Stigma

The present qualitative study aimed to explore how people experience their obesity and to explore the impact of this on their motivations to lose weight. Participants (n = 46) were either currently obese or had been obese and were interviewed about their experiences. Participants described the impact of obesity on aspects of their self-identity and used language such as “ugly”, “freak”, “hate”, “blob”, and “disgust” which reflected the pervasively negative impact of their weight. They highlighted a complex and often contradictory relationship with food and described how such negative experiences were created out of the dynamic between their obesity and a stigmatising social context. Some, however, suggested that such stigma could also have positive consequences by promoting and encouraging behaviour change. Many obese people, therefore, experience their weight in profoundly negative ways as a result of existing within a social context which stigmatises their condition. The results are discussed in terms of the costs and benefits of stigma and a balance between support, tolerance, and collusion in promoting weight loss.