Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the impact of fault tolerance tactics on architecture patterns

One important way that an architecture impacts fault tolerance is by making it easy or hard to implement tactics that improve fault tolerance. Information about how the implementation of fault tolerance tactics affects the architecture patterns of a system should be useful to architects during architectural design in selecting optimal fault tolerance tactics and architecture patterns. In order to understand more about how useful this information can be, we performed an informal study of teams designing fault tolerance tactics in an architecture. One group used information about the interaction of tactics and architecture patterns; the other did not. We observed that the group with the information produced better quality architectures, and were able to better estimate the difficulty of implementing the tactics. We recommend that information about the interaction of tactics and architecture patterns be made available to architects, particularly those with less familiarity about fault tolerance tactics.
DO THE CONSEQUENCES OF INCARCERATION PROBLEMATISE THE JUSTIFICATION FOR WOMEN'S INCARCERATION?

The aim of this study is to critically analyse whether imprisonment for women is a justifiable form of punishment, or whether alternative approaches are more appropriate. To gain a clear understanding of the question at hand, this essay is based on a theoretical stand point using sources from official research, feminist views and other critical thinkers, case studies, documentaries as well as charities/agencies and organisations.
One-copy serializability with snapshot isolation under the hood

This paper presents a method that allows a replicated database system to provide a global isolation level stronger than the isolation level provided on each individual database replica. We propose a new multi-version concurrency control algorithm called, serializable generalized snapshot isolation (SGSI), that targets middleware replicated database systems. Each replica runs snapshot isolation locally and the replication middleware guarantees global one-copy serializability. We introduce novel techniques to provide a stronger global isolation level, namely readset extraction and enhanced certification that prevents read-write and write-write conflicts in a replicated setting. We prove the correctness of the proposed algorithm, and build a prototype replicated database system to evaluate SGSI performance experimentally. Extensive experiments with an 8 replica database system under the TPC-W workload mixes demonstrate the practicality and low overhead of the algorithm.
Scattering and reflection of a quasi-periodic unit cell sequence for reflectarray and holographic applications

Scattering and reflection characteristics of quasi-periodic uni-cell combinations are investigated. The unit cells consist of a width-modulated microstrip line laying on a single layer grounded dielectric, where the modulation inside the unit cells is individually controllable. A sequential positioning of unit cells with different modulation parameters results in a quasi-periodic arrangement, allowing the control of the phase and scattering of fields from the resulting metasurface. A normally incident plane wave excitation is considered and results for different single unit cells and their quasi-periodic arrangements are presented. The possibility of effective control of the reflection phase with the order of sequence of the single unit cells is demonstrated. From application point of view, the analytic expression for the dispersion characteristics of single unit cells reduces the design time for large surfaces, such as as holographic planes and reflectarrays.
Cell Division: Direct Measurement of Maximum Tension Exerted by Furrow of Echinoderm Eggs

Tensions exerted by cleavage furrows in isometric contraction were measured by means of flexible glass needles whose characteristics of bending had already been determined. The tension of Astriclypeus manni furrows in second division is 3.04 x 10-3 � 0.95 x 10-3 dyne; that for Pseudocentrotus depressus eggs in first division is 2.00 X 10-3 � 0.43 x 10-3 dyne. The tension required for cleavage probably does not exceed 1.5 x 10-3 dyne. According to existing morphological evidence, these values can be accounted for by a substance whose capacity for exerting tension does not exceed that of an actomyosin thread.
A Bi-Threshold Model of Complex Contagion and its Application to the Spread of Smoking Behavior

We study the dynamics of a bi-threshold model of contagion, wherein each node can be in one of two states (0 or 1), and will only change state if a minimum number (specified by an up-threshold and a down-threshold at each node) of its neighbors are in the opposite state. This model applies to processes where peer pressure is a strong factor in behavior change in either direction, such as initiation and cessation of smoking among adolescents. We investigate this model both theoretically and experimentally. On the theoretical side, we establish results which show significant differences between simple contagions (where all thresholds are 1) and complex contagions (where one or more thresholds exceed 1) with respect to the complexity of determining several global properties of the system. On the experimental side, we apply this model to the data about adolescent smoking behavior from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) to analyze network dynamics such as the rate of spread and outbreak size.
Delayed Closure of the Hard Palate Leads to Speech Problems and Deleterious Maxillary Growth

Background: Hard palate cleft closure has been associated with maxillary hypoplasia. The Schweckendiek procedure offers delayed hard palate closure to avoid early subperiosteal dissection and palatal scarring. This study sought to compare single-stage versus delayed hard palate closure for speech outcome and maxillary growth. Methods: A retrospective outcome study was performed of unilateral cleft lip and palate patients with either delayed hard palate repair with a pinned-retained speech prosthesis (Schweckendiek repair) (group 1, delayed hard palate repair, 1978 to 1983) or single-stage cleft palate repair (group 2, single-stage repair, 1983 to 1988). Patients with complete records to maturity at the University of Pittsburgh Cleft Palate Craniofacial Center (n = 82, two equal groups of 41 patients) were studied. Comparative data were collected from multidisciplinary evaluations, perceptual speech scores, speech tests, and cephalometric analysis. Results: Single-stage cleft palate repair had a lower fistulization rate (11 percent) compared with delayed hard palate repair (58 percent). It also had better speech outcomes compared with delayed hard palate repair: mean speech score, 3.1 versus 7.8; final speech score, 0.9 versus 2.9; velopharyngeal incompetency, 21 percent versus 66 percent; failed video fluoroscopy or nasoendoscopy, 18 percent versus 52 percent; and need for secondary speech procedure, 20 percent versus 63 percent. Single-stage repair showed less maxillary growth disturbance, with class III malocclusion, 31 percent versus 66 percent; cephalometric SNA, 78.2 versus 74.8; need for Le Fort I advancement, 24 percent versus 42 percent; and amount of maxillary advancement required, 6 mm versus 9 mm. Conclusion: The delayed cleft palate repair led to worse speech outcomes; thus, the authors’ center abandoned this technique in favor of single-stage repair. In addition, their data showed that the delayed cleft palate repair led to deleterious maxillary growth.
A Genetic Approach to the Development of New Therapeutic Phages to Fight Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in Wound Infections

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a frequent participant in wound infections. Emergence of multiple antibiotic resistant strains has created significant problems in the treatment of infected wounds. Phage therapy (PT) has been proposed as a possible alternative approach. Infected wounds are the perfect place for PT applications, since the basic condition for PT is ensured; namely, the direct contact of bacteria and their viruses. Plenty of virulent (“lytic”) and temperate (“lysogenic”) bacteriophages are known in P. aeruginosa. However, the number of virulent phage species acceptable for PT and their mutability are limited. Besides, there are different deviations in the behavior of virulent (and temperate) phages from their expected canonical models of development. We consider some examples of non-canonical phage-bacterium interactions and the possibility of their use in PT. In addition, some optimal approaches to the development of phage therapy will be discussed from the point of view of a biologist, considering the danger of phage-assisted horizontal gene transfer (HGT), and from the point of view of a surgeon who has accepted the Hippocrates Oath to cure patients by all possible means. It is also time now to discuss the possible approaches in international cooperation for the development of PT. We think it would be advantageous to make phage therapy a kind of personalized medicine.
Bound constrained optimization: Application to the dip estimation problem

The invention relates to a thermoplastic composition comprising at least a copolymer of ethylene and an alpha,beta-unsaturated C3-C8 carboxylic acid, from about 10 to 99.9% neutralized with Lithium, and at least from about 0.01 wt % to about 2 wt % of a migrating antistatic agent. The invention also relates to films, sheet and molded articles comprising the above composition. The composition, film, sheet or molded article of the invention show good antistatic properties and preferably have a surface resistivity equal or less than 10E11. The composition, film, sheet or molded article of the invention can in particular be used as a protective transparent coating or layer on abrasion and scratch-exposed objects.
Preschool nutrition education and influences on food neophobia

Food neophobia is a fear of new, unfamiliar foods that is inherent in young children, specifically of preschool age. Food neophobia has been studied in relation to its effects on dietary quality, dietary variety, food preferences, and to a smaller extent the prevention of childhood obesity. Certain factors such as personality traits, age, tactile sensitivity and feeding styles can contribute to the development of neophobia. Strategies such as multiple exposures to a wide variety of foods, social influences and behavior modeling may help to reduce the neophobic response in young children. Child care providers in particular have the opportunity to influence food acceptance, food preferences, and eating habits now more than ever due to the increasing percentage of children who attend full time child care. Some children consume a majority of their daily energy while in child care, emphasizing the responsibility that child care programs have to implement effective nutrition related interventions.
Folate, methionine, and alcohol intake and risk of colorectal adenoma.

BACKGROUND Reduced methylation of DNA may contribute to loss of the normal controls on proto-oncogene expression. In humans, hypomethylation of DNA has been observed in colorectal cancers and in their adenomatous polyp precursors. Accumulation of DNA methylation abnormalities, observed during progression of human colorectal neoplasia, may be influenced by certain dietary factors. The apparent protective effect of fresh fruits and vegetables, the major folate sources, on colorectal cancer incidence suggests that a methyl-deficient diet contributes to occurrence of this malignancy. Low dietary folate and methionine and high intake of alcohol may reduce levels of S-adenosylmethionine, which is required for DNA methylation. PURPOSE To determine if dietary factors that may influence methyl availability are related to colorectal adenomas, we prospectively examined the association of folate, methionine, and alcohol intakes and risk of colorectal adenoma. METHODS We assessed dietary intake for a 1-year period for women of the Nurses' Health Study, started in 1976, and for men of the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, started in 1986--using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Adenomatous polyps of the left colon or rectum were diagnosed in 564 of 15,984 women who had had an endoscopy between 1980 and 1990 and in 331 of 9490 men who had undergone an endoscopy between 1986 and 1990. RESULTS High dietary folate was inversely associated with risk of colorectal adenoma in women (multivariate relative risk [RR] = 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.46-0.95 between high and low quintiles of intake) and in men (RR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.41-0.98) after adjusting for age, family history, indications for endoscopy, history of previous endoscopy, total energy intake, saturated fat intake, dietary fiber, and body mass index. Relative to nondrinkers, drinkers of more than 30 g of alcohol daily (about two drinks) had an elevated risk of adenoma (in women, RR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.19-2.86; in men, RR = 1.64, 95% CI = 0.92-2.93). Methionine intake was inversely associated with risk of adenomas 1 cm or larger (RR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.46-0.85, combining men and women). CONCLUSIONS Folate, alcohol, and methionine could influence methyl group availability, and a methyl-deficient diet may be linked to early stages of colorectal neoplasia. A dietary pattern that increases methyl availability could reduce incidence of colorectal cancer. IMPLICATIONS These data support efforts to increase dietary folate in segments of the population having diets with low intakes of this nutrient.
Refinements in the Assessment of Dementia-Related Behaviors: Factor Structure of the Memory and Behavior Problem Checklist

This study explored the factor structure of Zarit's Memory and Behavior Problem Checklist (MBPC), a 29-item inventory that samples negative behavior changes associated with dementia (e.g., incontinence and destroying property). Family caregivers for 185 progressive-dementia patients provided information on their affected relatives. A principal-components factor analysis with an oblique (nonorthogonal) rotation produced an 8-factor solution that accounted for 62.9% of the variance. A second-order factor analysis of the first 5 factors produced a 3-factor solution that accounted for 74.7% of the variance. The 3 factors were (a) self-care and self-maintenance functions, (b) memory problems and psychiatric symptoms associated with dementia, and (c) communication problems and agitation. Correlations between MBPC frequency scores and measures of adaptive ability and level of dementia were high and positive. Potential clinical and research applications of the scale in other related populations are discussed. The changes that occur in caregivers for demented family members have received considerable empirical attention. Disruptive behavior problems are very prevalent in dementia (Swearer, Drachman, O'Donnell, & Mitchell, 1988), and there is growing evidence that these behavior problems have significant adverse effects on caregivers (Dura, Stukenberg, & KiecoltGlaser, in press; Kiecolt-Glaser et al., 1987; Light & Lebowitz, 1989). In addition to the more well-known dementias, such as Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type (DAT), there are increasing numbers of demented patients with etiologies such as AIDS or head injury who receive care from family members. For caregiving research to advance, devices capable of assessing the salient aspects of both patient impairment and caregivers' experience are critical. Adequate global measures of level of dementia are available, including the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS; Reisberg, Ferris, DeLeon, & Crook, 1982) and the Clinical Dementia Rating (Hughes, Berg, Danziger, Coben, & Martin, 1982). These measures and others provide criteria for assessing the stage of dementia. For example, the Blessed Dementia Scale (Blessed, Tomlinson, & Roth, 1968) documents the presence of personality changes secondary to dementia, as well as differentiating levels of dementia. However, only the Memory and Behavior Problem Checklist (MBPC; Zarit, Reever, & Bach-Peterson, 1980) attempts to broadly and diversely sample the frequency of dementia-related problem behaviors and, as such,
On distributed averaging algorithms and quantization effects

We consider distributed iterative algorithms for the averaging problem over time-varying topologies. Our focus is on the convergence time of such algorithms when complete (unquantized) information is available, and on the degradation of performance when only quantized information is available. We study a large and natural class of averaging algorithms, which includes the vast majority of algorithms proposed to date, and provide tight polynomial bounds on their convergence time. We then propose and analyze distributed averaging algorithms under the additional constraint that agents can only store and communicate quantized information. We show that these algorithms converge to the average of the initial values of the agents within some error. We establish bounds on the error and tight bounds on the convergence time, as a function of the number of quantization levels.
Environmental Friendly Drilling Fluid Additives: Can Food Waste Products be Used as Thinners and Fluid Loss Control Agents for Drilling Fluid?

Conventional chemical additives used in controlling drilling fluid properties have a severe drawback on the environment and personnel safety. The commercially available additives are non-biodegradable materials and have negative impacts when released to the environment. Thus, there is a great need for new environmental friendly biodegradable drilling fluid additives that can help to control the drilling fluid properties with the least effects on the environment and the workers’ health. This study investigates the introduction of biodegradable food waste product, which is Potato Peels Powder (PPP) to be used as environmental friendly drilling fluid additive. The effects of adding various concentrations of PPP on the chemical and the physical properties of the drilling mud (e.g. mud weight (MW), plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP), the filtration characteristics, and pH) were evaluated. The evaluation included conducting lab experiments with full-set measurements following the specifications of the American Petroleum Institute (API), such as filtration loss and corrosion control rate The effects of adding different concentrations of the bio-enhancer additive (PPP) were measured and recorded using mud balance, a standard API viscometer, a standard low-pressure and temperature (LPLT) filter press, chemical titration, and other drilling lab equipment. Then, all results of PPP were compared with the properties of the reference water-based mud (spud mud) in order to assess and validate the effects of biodegradable additives and their effectiveness in optimizing the performance of water-based mud. The results showed that PPP had a negligible effect on mud weight and solid content. However, PPP tangibly influenced the rheological properties in terms of maximizing plastic viscosity and minimizing yield point and gel strength. Also, PPP significantly improved the filtration characteristics by reducing the fluid loss and mud cake thickness, suggesting their applicability to be used as an excellent fluid loss control agent. Moreover, PPP additives resulted in increasing sodium chloride (NaCl); consequently, resistivity was reduced. Finally, PPP additives resulted in a reduction in alkalinity and calcium ions content (Ca++). These experimental results show that Potato Peels Powder (PPP) has the potential to be used as an alternative to some of the conventional chemical additives, and hence reducing the amount of non-biodegradable waste disposed to the environment, avoiding the personnel safety, and minimizing the drilling cost.
RELATIONSHIP OF PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT

The aim of current study is to test the impact of perceived organizational support (POS) on employee engagement in banking sector of Pakistan. For this purpose, this study has proposed the single hypothesis. A finding of the current research has confirmed the result of previous researches about the relationship of perceived organizational support and employee engagement. This study also confirms that perceived organizational support is the stronger predictor of employee engagement. Primary data was collected with the help of structured questionnaire. Questionnaire was composed of 21statements.In future researches some important predictors of employee engagement like perceived supervisor support, Job autonomy and job security maybe included.
Longitudinal Associations Between Clique Membership Status and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems During Late Childhood

This study examined the longitudinal link between clique membership status and the development of psychopathology in 451 children followed annually from age 9 to 12 years. Classroom clique membership status was identified through social network analysis, and internalizing and externalizing problems were assessed using peer nominations. Controlling for concurrent experiences of social preference and dyadic friendships, a high clique membership probability was found to be related to low levels of internalizing problems and to an increase in externalizing problems across 4 years. This link between clique membership and an increase in externalizing problems was found for boys only.
Comparative proteomic analysis of casein and whey as prepared by chymosin-induced separation, isoelectric precipitation or ultracentrifugation

Fractionation of bovine milk was performed using chymosin-induced separation, isoelectric precipitation or ultracentrifugation as separation techniques prior to gel-based proteomic analysis. This approach allowed for comparative display and identification of proteins partitioned into casein and whey, respectively. Initially, three different staining methods (silver staining, colloidal Coomassie Blue G-250 or fluorescent Flamingo Pink staining) for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) analysis were compared for their suitability as staining agent, especially in relation to their suitability to reveal differences in the casein fractions. Fluorescent staining proved to be the most appropriate for this purpose, giving a high sensitivity, and using this staining method, characteristic 2-DGE fingerprints were obtained for each casein and whey fraction from each separation method. A number of protein spots in both casein and whey fractions varied with separation method and these spots were subsequently identified using tandem mass spectrometry (MS). In rennet casein, proteolytic fragmentation of caseins (αs1-, αs2,-, β- and κ-) was identified as a result of chymosin hydrolysis, whereas the 2-DGE profile of acid and ultracentrifuged casein was dominated by the presence of multiple isoforms of κ-caseins. Furthermore, casein remnants were identified in milk serum after ultracentrifugation. This study shows that gel-based proteomic analysis is suitable for characterisation of subtle variations in protein composition of milk fractions that occur as a consequence of different milk fractionation strategies.