Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of State Departments of Education in School/College Collaborations.

Public schools and higher education in the United States have become inextricably linked; as many studies and national commissions have reported, the actions and problems of each affect the other [2, 5, 14, 19]. Colleges spend substantial resources providing remedial education to college students in subjects that the students should have learned in high school. Elementary and secondary schools hire teachers who have too often been inadequately prepared by colleges and universities for today's culturally diverse classrooms. In many urban school districts the loss of the talents of half or more of our AfricanAmerican and Latino youth, who drop out of school without graduating and without skills, directly affects not only our schools but our colleges and our society as well. For higher education, student attrition at each stage of the educational pipeline is a significant factor in what is expected to be a substantial shortage of college and university faculty in the next few years. Today, there is growing recognition that public schools and higher education institutions share responsibility for these problems and that neither has the ability or the resources to solve them alone. One response to this situation is that schools and colleges have turned increasingly to collaborative approaches in trying to solve their common problems [2, 15, 32]. Earlier research on collaborations has focused primarily on collaborations between individual schools or school districts and one or two col-
Depressive symptoms and physical activity in adolescent girls.

PURPOSE To evaluate the relationship between depressive symptoms and physical activity in a geographically and ethnically diverse sample of sixth-grade adolescent girls. METHODS The Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG) baseline measurement included a random sample (N = 1721) of sixth-grade girls in 36 schools at six field sites. Measurements were accelerometry and the 3-d Physical Activity Recall (3DPAR) for physical activity, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D) for depressive symptoms. RESULTS Girls with complete data (N = 1397), mean age 12 yr, had an average CES-D score of 14.7 (SD = 9.25) and engaged in an average of about 460 min of sedentary activity, < 24 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and < 6 min of vigorous physical activity (VPA) in an 18-h day. Thirty-minute segments of MVPA ranged in number from 3.9 to 1.2, and METS for these segments ranged from > 3.0 to > 6.5. Mixed-model regression indicated no relationship between depressive symptoms and physical activity; however, a significant but modest inverse relationship between sedentary activity and depressive symptoms was observed. CONCLUSION A sufficient sample size, standardized procedures, and validated instruments characterized this study; however, a relationship between depressive symptoms and physical activity was not observed for sixth-grade girls from diverse geographic locations. The average CES-D score was lower than is considered clinically meaningful for either adolescents or adults, and MET-minutes of sedentary activity were high. This combination of data may be different from other studies and could have contributed to the unexpected finding. This unexpected finding is informative, however, because it shows the need for additional research that includes a wider range of possible combinations of data, especially with young adolescent girls.
Persistent competition among stem cells and their daughters in the Drosophila ovary germline niche

Cell competition is a short-range cell-cell interaction leading to the proliferation of winner cells at the expense of losers, although either cell type shows normal growth in homotypic environments. Drosophila Myc (dMyc; Dm – FlyBase) is a potent inducer of cell competition in wing epithelia, but its role in the ovary germline stem cell niche is unknown. Here, we show that germline stem cells (GSCs) with relative lower levels of dMyc are replaced by GSCs with higher levels of dMyc. By contrast, dMyc-overexpressing GSCs outcompete wild-type stem cells without affecting total stem cell numbers. We also provide evidence for a naturally occurring cell competition border formed by high dMyc-expressing stem cells and low dMyc-expressing progeny, which may facilitate the concentration of the niche-provided self-renewal factor BMP/Dpp in metabolically active high dMyc stem cells. Genetic manipulations that impose uniform dMyc levels across the germline produce an extended Dpp signaling domain and cause uncoordinated differentiation events. We propose that dMyc-induced competition plays a dual role in regulating optimal stem cell pools and sharp differentiation boundaries, but is potentially harmful in the case of emerging dmyc duplications that facilitate niche occupancy by pre-cancerous stem cells. Moreover, competitive interactions among stem cells may be relevant for the successful application of stem cell therapies in humans.
A Cross‐Cultural Test of the Value–Attitude–Behavior Hierarchy

According to Homer and Kahle's (1988) cognitive hierarchy model, values indirectly influence behavior through attitudes. The model posits that the influence theoretically flows from more abstract cognitions to mid-range cognitions to specific behaviors. This paper tests the cross-cultural validity of the model across samples from Brazil, New Zealand, and South Africa. The paper specifically tests whether environmental attitudes would completely mediate the influence of both altruistic and self-enhancement values on ecological behavior. This study also extended the model by including perceived threats from environmental problems. Supporting the expanded model, environmental attitudes fully mediated the influence of both values and perceived environmental threat on ecological behavior. This article provides empirical support for using the cognitive hierarchy model across cultures.
Estimation of the dynamics and rate of transmission of classical swine fever (hog cholera) in wild pigs

SUMMARY Infectious diseases establish in a population of wildlife hosts when the number of secondary infections is greater than or equal to one. To estimate whether establishment will occur requires extensive experience or a mathematical model of disease dynamics and estimates of the parameters of the disease model. The latter approach is explored here. Methods for estimating key model parameters, the transmission coefficient (β) and the basic reproductive rate (RDRS), are described using classical swine fever (hog cholera) in wild pigs as an example. The tentative results indicate that an acute infection of classical swine fever will establish in a small population of wild pigs. Data required for estimation of disease transmission rates are reviewed and sources of bias and alternative methods discussed. A comprehensive evaluation of the biases and efficiencies of the methods is needed.
Urinary Phthalate Metabolites Are Associated with Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in Chinese School Children

Background Lab studies have suggested that ubiquitous phthalate exposures are related to obesity, but relevant epidemiological studies are scarce, especially for children. Objective To investigate the association of phthalate exposures with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in Chinese school children. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in three primary and three middle schools randomly selected from Changning District of Shanghai City of China in 2011–2012. According to the physical examination data in October, 2011, 124 normal weight, 53 overweight, and 82 obese students 8–15 years of age were randomly chosen from these schools on the basis of BMI-based age- and sex-specific criterion. First morning urine was collected in January, 2012, and fourteen urine phthalate metabolites (free plus conjugated) were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Multiple linear regression was used to explore the associations between naturally log-transformed urine phthalate metabolites and BMI or WC. Results The urine specific gravity-corrected concentrations of nine urine phthalate metabolites and five molar sums were positively associated with BMI or WC in Chinese school children after adjustment for age and sex. However, when other urine phthalate metabolites were included in the models together with age and sex as covariables, most of these significant associations disappeared except for mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and monoethyl phthalate (MEP). Additionally, some associations showed sex- or age-specific differences. Conclusions Some phthalate exposures were associated with BMI or WC in Chinese school children. Given the cross-sectional nature of this study and lack of some important obesity-related covariables, further studies are needed to confirm the associations.
Time of Deterministic Broadcasting in Radio Networks with Local Knowledge

We consider broadcasting in radio networks, modeled as undirected graphs, whose nodes know only their own label and labels of their neighbors. In every step every node acts either as a transmitter or as a receiver. A node acting as a transmitter sends a message which can potentially reach all of its neighbors. A node acting as a receiver in a given step gets a message if and only if exactly one of its neighbors transmits in this step. Bar-Yehuda, Goldreich, and Itai [J. Comput. System Sci., 45 (1992), pp. 104--126] considered broadcasting in this model. They claimed a linear lower bound on the time of deterministic broadcasting in such radio networks of diameter 3. This claim turns out to be incorrect in this model (although it is valid in a more pessimistic model [R. Bar-Yehuda, O. Goldreich, and A. Itai, Errata Regarding "On the time complexity of broadcast in radio networks: An exponential gap between determinism and randomization," http://www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/mathusers/oded/p\_bgi.html, 2002]). We construct an algorithm that broadcasts in logarithmic time on all graphs from the Bar-Yehuda, Goldreich, and Itai paper (BGI). Moreover, we show how to broadcast in sublinear time on all n-node graphs of diameter $o(\log \log n)$. On the other hand, we construct a class of graphs of diameter 4, such that every broadcasting algorithm requires time $\Omega(\sqrt[4]{n})$ on these graphs. In view of the randomized algorithm from BGI, running in expected time ${\cal O}(D \log n + \log ^2 n)$ on all $n$-node graphs of diameter D (cf. also a recent ${\cal O}(D \log (n/D) + \log ^2 n)$-time algorithm from [D. Kowalski and A. Pelc, Proceedings of the 22nd Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, Boston, 2003, pp. 73--82; A. Czumaj and W. Rytter, Proceedings of the 44th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, Cambridge, MA, 2003, pp. 492--501]), our lower bound gives the first correct proof of an exponential gap between determinism and randomization in the time of radio broadcasting, under the considered model of radio communication.
The effect of short vowelization on curriculum-based measurement of reading fluency and comprehension in Arabic

This study facilitates the use of Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM) to investigate the effect of short vowels on oral reading fluency (ORF) and silent reading comprehension in Arabic orthography. A total sample of 131 fifth-grade students (89 skilled readers and 42 poor readers) participated in the study. Two kinds of CBM probes were administered: CBM ORF and CBM Maze. Nine texts of each kind were presented in three reading conditions: fully vowelized, partially vowelized and unvowelized. Results indicated that CBM ORF and CBM Maze tests distinguished between skilled and poor readers in all vowelization conditions. In addition, vowels were a good facilitator of oral reading fluency and silent reading comprehension for both types of readers. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed in this study as well.
Prasugrel plus bivalirudin vs. clopidogrel plus heparin in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

AIMS Whether prasugrel plus bivalirudin is a superior strategy to unfractionated heparin plus clopidogrel in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has never been assessed in specifically designed randomized trials. METHODS AND RESULTS The Bavarian Reperfusion Alternatives Evaluation (BRAVE) 4 study is an investigator-initiated, randomized, open-label, multicentre trial, designed to test the hypothesis that in STEMI patients with planned primary PCI a strategy based on prasugrel plus bivalirudin is superior to a strategy based on clopidogrel plus heparin in terms of net clinical outcome. Owing to slow recruitment, the trial was stopped prematurely after enrolment of 548 of 1240 planned patients. At 30 days, the primary composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, unplanned revascularization of the infarct related artery, stent thrombosis, stroke, or bleeding was observed in 42 patients (15.6%) randomized to prasugrel plus bivalirudin and 40 patients (14.5%) randomized to clopidogrel plus heparin [relative risk, 1.09; one-sided 97.5% confidence interval (CI) 0-1.79, P = 0.680]. The composite ischaemic endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, unplanned revascularization of the infarct-related artery, stent thrombosis, or stroke occurred in 13 patients (4.8%) in the prasugrel plus bivalirudin group and 15 patients (5.5%) in the clopidogrel plus heparin group (relative risk, 0.89; 95% CI 0.40-1.96, P = 0.894). Bleeding according to the HORIZONS-AMI definition was observed in 38 patients (14.1%) in the prasugrel plus bivalirudin group and 33 patients (12.0%) in the clopidogrel plus heparin group (relative risk, 1.18; 95% CI 0.74-1.88, P = 0.543). Results were consistent across various subgroups of patients. CONCLUSION In this randomized trial of STEMI patients, we were unable to demonstrate significant differences in net clinical outcome between prasugrel plus bivalirudin and clopidogrel plus heparin. Neither the composite of ischaemic complications nor bleeding were favourably affected by prasugrel plus bivalirudin compared with a regimen of clopidogrel plus unfractionated heparin. However, the results must be interpreted in view of the premature termination of the trial. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION Unique identifier NCT00976092 (www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Norma Perversa: transgresión como modelado de legitimidad

Las normas regulan el comportamiento humano principalmente para mantener el orden social. Hay diversos recursos institucionales para poder generar control; Tyler (2006) plantea que una estrategia eficaz para el cumplimiento de las normas es la legitimidad. En este trabajo se presenta la caracterizacion que jovenes universitarios realizaron sobre la norma, a partir de un estudio exploratorio. En particular, que entienden estos por norma, como evaluan la relacion de los argentinos con ella y su percepcion del sistema normativo argentino en general. A partir de grupos focales, se evidencio en los participantes una atribucion negativa de la norma en el contexto argentino, una baja confianza institucional, una percepcion generalizada de la corrupcion y un doble funcionamiento normativo.
Examining relationships between emotional intelligence and coaching efficacy

Abstract The study examined the relationship between emotional intelligence and coaching efficacy. Ninety‐nine coaches completed the Emotional Intelligence Scale and the Coaching Efficacy Scale with the results of the canonical correlation suggesting significant relationships between the two sets of variables. Regression analyses suggested motivation efficacy to be significantly associated with the regulation of emotions and social skills, whereas character‐building efficacy was associated with optimism. Teaching technique efficacy was significantly associated with appraisal of own emotions with no significant predictors for game strategy efficacy. When viewed collectively, results provide an insight to how emotional intelligence relates to coaching efficacy and gives an indication to where applied work with coaches may be directed. Future research suggestions are also provided in reference to coach‐related psychology.
Reproducibility of macular thickness measurements using Cirrus SD-OCT in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

PURPOSE To assess the test-retest variability of central and sectorial macular thickness measurements obtained by Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). METHODS Macular thickness measurements of nine standard ETDRS subfields were obtained and analyzed. The repeatability of macular thickness measurements by Cirrus HD-OCT was assessed by examining the intrasession within subject standard deviation (Sw), coefficient of repeatability (CR), and coefficient of variation (CV), before and after eyes with retinal segmentation errors were excluded. RESULTS Forty-nine nAMD eyes of 49 consecutive patients were included in the study. The CR for the central macular subfield was 42.4 microm (10.5%) and ranged from 12.1 microm (3.7%) for the outer nasal to 41.8 microm (11.4%) for the inner nasal subfields. In a secondary analysis, eyes affected by erroneous detection of inner and outer retinal boundaries (6/49, 12.24%) were excluded. The revised coefficient of repeatability for the central macular subfield was 26.1 microm (8.1%) and ranged from 10.3 microm (3.8%) for the outer superior to 30.2 microm (8.3%) for the inner nasal subfields. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the test-retest variability of Cirrus HD-OCT is good for the central and sectorial macular subfields, with a low incidence of scan artifacts.
Measurement of DNA Damage and Apoptosis in Molt-4 Cells after In Vitro Exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation

Abstract Hook, G. J., Zhang, P., Lagroye, I. , Li, L. , Higashikubo, R. , Moros, E. G. , Straube, W. L. , Pickard, W. F. , Baty, J. D. and Roti Roti, J. L. Measurement of DNA Damage and Apoptosis in Molt-4 Cells after In Vitro Exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation. Radiat. Res. 161, 193–200 (2004). To determine whether exposure to radiofrequency (RF) radiation can induce DNA damage or apoptosis, Molt-4 T lymphoblastoid cells were exposed with RF fields at frequencies and modulations of the type used by wireless communication devices. Four types of frequency/modulation forms were studied: 847.74 MHz code-division multiple-access (CDMA), 835.62 MHz frequency-division multiple-access (FDMA), 813.56 MHz iDEN® (iDEN), and 836.55 MHz time-division multiple-access (TDMA). Exponentially growing cells were exposed to RF radiation for periods up to 24 h using a radial transmission line (RTL) exposure system. The specific absorption rates used were 3.2 W/kg for CDMA and FDMA, 2.4 or 24 mW/kg for iDEN, and 2.6 or 26 mW/kg for TDMA. The temperature in the RTLs was maintained at 37°C ± 0.3°C. DNA damage was measured using the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay. The annexin V affinity assay was used to detect apoptosis. No statistically significant difference in the level of DNA damage or apoptosis was observed between sham-treated cells and cells exposed to RF radiation for any frequency, modulation or exposure time. Our results show that exposure of Molt-4 cells to CDMA, FDMA, iDEN or TDMA modulated RF radiation does not induce alterations in level of DNA damage or induce apoptosis.
Comparison of Different Outcome Instruments Following Foot and Ankle Trauma

Background: Identifying optimal treatment strategies in patients with traumatic foot and ankle injuries has been hampered by the use of multiple available outcome measures with unproven reliability and validity. This prospective observational study aimed to measure the correlation between six functional outcome measures in patients with traumatic foot and ankle injuries. Materials and Methods: Patients 18 years of age or older with a traumatic foot or ankle injury completed the Short Form-12 (SF-12), Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment (SMFA), Foot Function Index (FFI), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS), Foot and Ankle Questionnaire and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Scale at a single followup visit. Raw scores for each of the outcome measures were calculated. Fifty-two patients were enrolled in our study. Pearson correlation coefficients provided measures of correlation. Results: Moderate to strong correlations were found for most pairwise comparisons of raw scores and functional categorical rankings (ρ = |0.5243 to 0.92|, p < 0.002). The strongest correlations were found between the SMFA, FFI, FAAM and AAOS Foot and Ankle Questionnaire. Conclusion: High correlations between scores on six commonly used functional outcome instruments suggest it is likely unnecessary to use more than one instrument when examining functional outcome in patients with traumatic foot and ankle injuries. However, inconsistencies between measures in the same patient population suggest a need for further validation and scrutiny. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Different Cranial Ontogeny in Europeans and Southern Africans

Modern human populations differ in developmental processes and in several phenotypic traits. However, the link between ontogenetic variation and human diversification has not been frequently addressed. Here, we analysed craniofacial ontogenies by means of geometric-morphometrics of Europeans and Southern Africans, according to dental and chronological ages. Results suggest that different adult cranial morphologies between Southern Africans and Europeans arise by a combination of processes that involve traits modified during the prenatal life and others that diverge during early postnatal ontogeny. Main craniofacial changes indicate that Europeans differ from Southern Africans by increasing facial developmental rates and extending the attainment of adult size and shape. Since other studies have suggested that native subsaharan populations attain adulthood earlier than Europeans, it is probable that facial ontogeny is linked with other developmental mechanisms that control the timing of maturation in other variables. Southern Africans appear as retaining young features in adulthood. Facial ontogeny in Europeans produces taller and narrower noses, which seems as an adaptation to colder environments. The lack of these morphological traits in Neanderthals, who lived in cold environments, seems a paradox, but it is probably the consequence of a warm-adapted faces together with precocious maturation. When modern Homo sapiens migrated into Asia and Europe, colder environments might establish pressures that constrained facial growth and development in order to depart from the warm-adapted morphology. Our results provide some answers about how cranial growth and development occur in two human populations and when developmental shifts take place providing a better adaptation to environmental constraints.