Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treatment of childhood arterial ischemic stroke

Traditional risk factors associated with adult arterial ischemic stroke (AIS; ie, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking, and atherosclerosis) are relatively rare in children. Childhood AIS is instead associated with a variety of conditions including cerebral arteriopathies, congenital heart disease, infection, head and neck trauma, sickle cell anemia, and prothrombotic abnormalities. Although the pathophysiology and outcomes of adult AIS differ significantly from those in childhood AIS, therapeutic management remains similar, largely because of the paucity of evidence from devoted pediatric observational studies and clinical trials. The purpose of this article is to review the current guidelines and evidence in the treatment of childhood AIS, within the context of that which exists in adult AIS. Medical management of hypoxia, hyperglycemia, fever, blood pressure, and increased intracranial pressure has been insufficiently investigated in childhood stroke, resulting in a lack of guidance in these areas. Although acute antithrombotic management in childhood AIS has received relatively greater attention in published recommendations, it is based almost exclusively on consensus and expert opinion, and differs considerably among existing pediatric guidelines. Rehabilitation therapy in childhood AIS has great potential for meaningful improvements in long‐term outcomes, especially given the plasticity of the young brain; however, little guidance for rehabilitative measures is provided by published recommendations. Ongoing and future multicenter cohort study efforts, and ultimately devoted pediatric clinical trials, will be essential to establish comprehensive evidence‐based guidelines for the treatment of childhood AIS. Ann Neurol 2008
A High-Performance, Scalable Infrastructure for Large-Scale Active DNS Measurements

The domain name system (DNS) is a core component of the Internet. It performs the vital task of mapping human readable names into machine readable data (such as IP addresses, which hosts handle e-mail, and so on). The content of the DNS reveals a lot about the technical operations of a domain. Thus, studying the state of large parts of the DNS over time reveals valuable information about the evolution of the Internet. We collect a unique long-term data set with daily DNS measurements for all the domains under the main top-level domains (TLDs) on the Internet (including .com, .net, and .org, comprising 50% of the global DNS name space). This paper discusses the challenges of performing such a large-scale active measurement. These challenges include scaling the daily measurement to collect data for the largest TLD (.com, with 123M names) and ensuring that a measurement of this scale does not impose an unacceptable burden on the global DNS infrastructure. The paper discusses the design choices we have made to meet these challenges and documents the design of the measurement system we implemented based on these choices. Two case studies related to cloud e-mail services illustrate the value of measuring the DNS at this scale. The data this system collects is valuable to the network research community. Therefore, we end this paper by discussing how we make the data accessible to other researchers.
The Team Climate Inventory (TCI) and group innovation: A psychometric test on a Swedish sample of work groups

The Team Climate Inventory (Anderson & West, 1994) was translated into Swedish and administered to a total of 16 work teams in different types of private enterprises. Independent observers rated each group's production in terms of innovativeness, quantity and quality of production. An item analysis indicated that all items should be retained in the questionnaire and further analyses yielded high overall coefficients for reliability (Cronbach's alpha = .95) and acceptable validity (r = .48). A factor analysis was also successful in extracting the four original factors, together accounting for 54 per cent of the total variance. It is concluded that the Swedish version of the Team Climate Inventory is a useful instrument to measure group climate dimensions that may facilitate work teams' innovative capacity. Differences in general work climate between Sweden and the United Kingdom are discussed.
Heterosubtypic Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies Cross-Protective against H5N1 and H1N1 Recovered from Human IgM+ Memory B Cells

Background The hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein is the principal target of protective humoral immune responses to influenza virus infections but such antibody responses only provide efficient protection against a narrow spectrum of HA antigenic variants within a given virus subtype. Avian influenza viruses such as H5N1 are currently panzootic and pose a pandemic threat. These viruses are antigenically diverse and protective strategies need to cross protect against diverse viral clades. Furthermore, there are 16 different HA subtypes and no certainty the next pandemic will be caused by an H5 subtype, thus it is important to develop prophylactic and therapeutic interventions that provide heterosubtypic protection. Methods and Findings Here we describe a panel of 13 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recovered from combinatorial display libraries that were constructed from human IgM+ memory B cells of recent (seasonal) influenza vaccinees. The mAbs have broad heterosubtypic neutralizing activity against antigenically diverse H1, H2, H5, H6, H8 and H9 influenza subtypes. Restriction to variable heavy chain gene IGHV1-69 in the high affinity mAb panel was associated with binding to a conserved hydrophobic pocket in the stem domain of HA. The most potent antibody (CR6261) was protective in mice when given before and after lethal H5N1 or H1N1 challenge. Conclusions The human monoclonal CR6261 described in this study could be developed for use as a broad spectrum agent for prophylaxis or treatment of human or avian influenza infections without prior strain characterization. Moreover, the CR6261 epitope could be applied in targeted vaccine strategies or in the design of novel antivirals. Finally our approach of screening the IgM+ memory repertoire could be applied to identify conserved and functionally relevant targets on other rapidly evolving pathogens.
Classifying exchange rate regimes : Deeds vs . words 3

7 Most of the empirical literature on exchange rate regimes uses the IMF de jure classi cation based on the regime announced by the governments, despite the recognized inconsistencies 9 between reported and actual policies in many cases. To address this problem, we construct a de facto classi cation based on data on exchange rates and international reserves from all 11 IMF-reporting countries over the period 1974–2000, which we believe provides a meaningful alternative for future empirical work on the topic. The classi cation sheds new light on several 13 stylized facts previously reported in the literature. In particular, we nd that the de facto pegs have remained stable throughout the last decade, although an increasing number of them shy 15 away from an explicit commitment to a xed regime (“hidden pegs”). We con rm the hollowing out hypothesis but show that it does not apply to countries with limited access to capital markets. 17 We also nd that pure oats are associated with only relatively minor nominal exchange rate volatility and that the recent increase in the number of de jure oats goes hand in hand with an 19 increase in the number of de facto dirty oats (“fear of oating”). c © 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. 21 JEL classi cation: F30; F33
Studies on the induction, specificity, prevention and breaking of immunologic paralysis and immunity to pneumococcal polysaccharide.

Immunologic paralysis against the soluble specific substance of type III Diplococcus pneumoniae (SIII) has been studied using an in vitro technique for determining antibodies and a specific depolymerase (D3) for removing persistent antigen from the circulation. When mice were injected with small quantities of SIII, circulating antibodies were detectable 48 hr later and the titers persisted for several months. Subsequent injection of the homologous antigen gave a booster response. Mice could be paralyzed after the onset of immunity by the injection of relatively large quantities of antigen. On the other hand, once paralysis is induced it is long-lasting, and paralyzed mice cannot be immunized by subsequent injections of immunogenic doses of the homologous antigen. Paralysis is type specific: mice paralyzed against SIII can be immunized against SVIII and mice paralyzed against SVIII can be immunized against SIII. Attempts to prevent paralysis by the injection of spleen cells or peritoneal exudates from mice of the same strain, together with the antigen, were unsuccessful. Attempts to break paralysis by injection of the homologous vaccine in Freund's adjuvant, by vaccine alone or by irradiation were also unsuccessful.
STRALCP—structure alignment-based clustering of proteins

Protein structural annotation and classification is an important and challenging problem in bioinformatics. Research towards analysis of sequence–structure correspondences is critical for better understanding of a protein's structure, function, and its interaction with other molecules. Clustering of protein domains based on their structural similarities provides valuable information for protein classification schemes. In this article, we attempt to determine whether structure information alone is sufficient to adequately classify protein structures. We present an algorithm that identifies regions of structural similarity within a given set of protein structures, and uses those regions for clustering. In our approach, called STRALCP (STRucture ALignment-based Clustering of Proteins), we generate detailed information about global and local similarities between pairs of protein structures, identify fragments (spans) that are structurally conserved among proteins, and use these spans to group the structures accordingly. We also provide a web server at http://as2ts.llnl. gov/AS2TS/STRALCP/ for selecting protein structures, calculating structurally conserved regions and performing automated clustering.
Behaviorally‐based management training: linking behaviors to employee satisfaction

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify behaviorally‐based training for management trainees with a foundation in employees' beliefs about effective managerial behaviors, and the relationship of these behaviors to employees' satisfaction with supervision, company as employer, and job assignments.Design/methodology/approach – Manufacturing organization and social services agency employees (N=134) were surveyed by questionnaire and asked “How important do you think it is that managers exhibit the following behaviors? ” and “How well does your manager exhibit the following behaviors? ” Factor analysis produced three factors: Connection with employees, Vision, Autonomy. Employee satisfaction questions were included.Findings – Vision and Autonomy scales for “How well does your manager exhibit the following behaviors? ” showed significant, positive correlations for satisfaction with quality of supervision, and with company/agency as an employer. Connection with employees scale for “How important do you t.
Multiple organizational identities and legitimacy: The rhetoric of police websites

This article analyses how multiple organizational identities are constructed through rhetoric to maintain and enhance the legitimacy claims made by organizations. Our theorizing is founded on an investigation of the 43 geographically based English and Welsh constabularies. The research contribution of our study is threefold. First, we show that officially sanctioned web-based organizational identity claims are multiple and discuss their implications for identity theory. Second, we consider how these multiple identity claims are constituted using particular rhetorical strategies. Third, we argue that the multiple identity claims constituted aspects of constabularies’ selfpresentation strategies by which they attempted to exert control over stakeholders’ perceptions and establish pragmatic, cognitive and moral claims to legitimacy. This is contrary to some previous research that has suggested that organizations seek to reconcile or redefine multiple claims, and that has ignored them as a resource for satisfying sceptical audiences. The principal argument we make is that organizational identities are often multiple, are phrased using specific rhetorical schemes, and that identity multiplicity supports claims for legitimacy.
A Pilot Study of Quantitative Aspiration in Patients with Symptoms of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Comparison to a Historic Control Group

Objective: It has been shown that many healthy people aspirate secretions at night. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have frequent episodes of gasping at night that may predispose them to aspiration. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with symptoms of OSA are predisposed to pharyngeal aspiration.
Temporal Aspects of Eye Movement When Viewing Multiple Targets.

Abstract : A technique of eye position measurement and analysis was used to investigate the time necessary for processing visual information by comparing the mean response latency time of single targets to the response means of other novel stimuli. In all cases, stimuli were visual, context-free, point source targets, randomized for type, order of appearance, and time course. The separation of the visual fields is exploited to selectively present targets to either or both hemispheres. An asymmetry in single target left-right response latency time was observed in nearly all subjects. In all cases, there was a significant increase in response latency time when targets were presented to each hemisphere simultaneously. Delayed bihemispheric stimulation produced changes in response latency that were similar in both directions and the response latency increased still further when targets were presented sequentially. These studies helped to determine the timing of events prior to the execution of a saccade. The single and bihemispheric paradigms have also proven useful in studying the mechanisms and organization of visual information processing. (Author)
Severe Reading Difficulties—Can They Be Prevented? A Comparison of Prevention and Intervention Approaches

This study evaluated the efficacy of a preventative program delivered in kindergarten to children who were identified as being at risk for experiencing reading difficulties. It also examined the effects of two1st-grade intervention programs delivered to children who demonstrated substantial difficulty with reading development at the beginning of 1st grade. The 1st-grade programs differed in the amount of emphasis placed on helping the children to develop phonological skills versus providing the children with the opportunity to read connected text with guidance. These kindergarten and 1st-grade intervention approaches were instituted in an effort to identify instructional approaches that would reduce the incidence of reading difficulties among at-risk children. Of particular interest was reduction in the incidence of treatment resisters—children who continue to experience serious reading difficulties despite being provided with early and intensive intervention services to alleviate their early difficulties. The results indicated that the kindergarten intervention program was effective in reducing the number of children who qualified as poor readers in 1st grade and in reducing the incidence of treatment resistance at the end of 1st grade regardless of the type of intervention provided in 1st grade. The data further suggested that the 1st-grade intervention approach that emphasized the development of phonological skills was more effective in reducing the incidence of treatment resistance than the program that emphasized engaging the children in reading connected text.
Helping the Progress of Disadvantaged Students in Higher Education: The Federal Student Support Services Program

Student Support Services (SSS) is one of the largest federal TRIO programs designed to help disadvantaged students stay in and complete college. Through a longitudinal study of participants and comparable non participants, we examined the impact of SSS on retention. Data were collected through student questionnaires, institutional and program data, and students’ postsecondary transcripts. We found that SSS had a positive impact for all three measures of retention that were used, but the impact varied depending on which services students used and how much they participated. The results confirm that retention programs should address both academic and social integration on campus.
Being Chinese or being Scottish: National identification and intergroup attitudes of British born Chinese children

This study explored the age differences in national identification, and intergroup attitudes among British born Chinese (BBC) living in Scotland. Participants comprised 70 children in three age groups (8, 11 and 14 years). The study included three tasks: task 1 investigated children's national self-categorization; task 2 examined children's national self-identification; task 3 explored children's perception of the positive and negative traits of Chinese and Scottish people across the age groups (using card-sorting tasks). The results indicated that BBC children identified their national identity as Scottish, however, it varied with age and national contexts. Most BBC children identified themselves as both Chinese and Scottish but they attributed significantly more positive traits to Chinese than to Scottish people and showed significantly more liking for Chinese people than Scottish. The study concludes that BBC children experience a dual identity in which different components are integrated.
Ellipsis redundancy and reduction redundancy

1 Focus and anaphoric destressing Consider a pronunciation of (1) with prominence on the capitalized noun phrases. In terms of a relational notion of prominence, the subject NP she] is prominent within the clause S she beats me], and NP Sue] is prominent within the clause S Sue beats me]. This prosody seems to have the pragmatic function of putting the two clauses into opposition, with prominences indicating where they diier, and prosodic reduction of the remaining parts indicating where the clauses are invariant. (1) She beats me more often than Sue beats me Car84], Roc86] and Roo92] propose theories of focus interpretation which formalize the idea just outlined. Under my assumptions, the prominences are the correlates of a syntactic focus features on the two prominent NPs, written as F subscripts. Further, the grammatical representation of (1) includes operators which interpret the focus features at the level of the minimal dominating S nodes. In the logical form below, each focus feature is interpreted by an operator written .
A gaze independent hybrid-BCI based on visual spatial attention

Objective. Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) use measures of brain activity to convey a user’s intent without the need for muscle movement. Hybrid designs, which use multiple measures of brain activity, have been shown to increase the accuracy of BCIs, including those based on EEG signals reflecting covert attention. Our study examined whether incorporating a measure of the P3 response improved the performance of a previously reported attention-based BCI design that incorporates measures of steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) and alpha band modulations. Approach. Subjects viewed stimuli consisting of two bi-laterally located flashing white boxes on a black background. Streams of letters were presented sequentially within the boxes, in random order. Subjects were cued to attend to one of the boxes without moving their eyes, and they were tasked with counting the number of target-letters that appeared within. P3 components evoked by target appearance, SSVEPs evoked by the flashing boxes, and power in the alpha band are modulated by covert attention, and the modulations can be used to classify trials as left-attended or right-attended. Main Results. We showed that classification accuracy was improved by including a P3 feature along with the SSVEP and alpha features (the inclusion of a P3 feature lead to a 9% increase in accuracy compared to the use of SSVEP and Alpha features alone). We also showed that the design improves the robustness of BCI performance to individual subject differences. Significance. These results demonstrate that incorporating multiple neurophysiological indices of covert attention can improve performance in a gaze-independent BCI.
Etiquette Books and Emotion Management in The 20th Century: Part One—The Integration of Social Classes

This is a first report on a larger comparative study of changes in twentieth-century American, Dutch, English and German etiquette books. A central hypothesis is that major directional trends in dominant codes and ideals of behaviour and feeling, as reflected by changes in etiquette books, are closely connected with trends in power relationships and emotion management. In this century, an important common trend in all four countries has been the diminishing of differences in power and behaviour among all social groups; workers and women came to be represented in the centres of power and further integrated into society as national states became welfare states. This expansion and further integration of interdependency networks implied a diminishing of institutionalized as well as internalized power differences-that is, in social stratification and ranking. Inequalities, together with more extreme forms of social and psychic distance between people, have diminished, without losing importance. In the course of the twentieth century, direct references to differences in class, status and gender have diminished or even vanished from the codes and ideals of behaviour and feeling. Extremes in these codes and ideals, expressing large differences in power and respect, came to provoke moral indignation and were eliminated; within the subsequent narrower limits the codes have become more lenient, more differentiated and varied for a wider and more differentiated public: a process of informalization.l To what extent can this overall twentieth-century trend be specified for the relationships among the classes and between the sexes in the four countries under consideration? This has been the leading question for this study of etiquette books, which focuses on connections between changes in ranking and formality, and changes in emotion management, particularly with regard to feelings of superiority and inferiority. My reading and collecting of Dutch etiquette books began in the late 1960s, but for this international study I have had to develop an overview of the literature with the help of existing bibliographies, bringing them up-to-date where necessary.2 I then selected my sample of etiquette books, the main criterion being whether a book had gained wider recognition, that is, whether it was reprinted. From these and other books,3 I compared what was written on relationships between people of different rank (or class) and sex. The first two parts of this study will focus mainly on similarities since their central hypothesis covers broad developments and common trends, leaving a fuller description of differences between countries and periods to a later date. Questions regarding national and temporal differences, for instance why the English are more formal in informal