Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Travelling waves for the cane toads equation with bounded traits

In this paper, we study propagation in a non-local reaction–diffusion–mutation model describing the invasion of cane toads in Australia (Phillips et al 2006 Nature 439 803). The population of toads is structured by a space variable and a phenotypical trait and the space diffusivity depends on the trait. We use a Schauder topological degree argument for the construction of some travelling wave solutions of the model. The speed c* of the wave is obtained after solving a suitable spectral problem in the trait variable. An eigenvector arising from this eigenvalue problem gives the flavour of the profile at the edge of the front. The major difficulty is to obtain uniform L∞ bounds despite the combination of non-local terms and a heterogeneous diffusivity.
Far beyond the classical data models: symbolic data analysis

This paper introduces symbolic data analysis, explaining how it extends the classical data models to take into account more complete and complex information. Several examples motivate the approach, before the modeling of variables assuming new types of realizations are formally presented. Some methods for the (multivariate) analysis of symbolic data are presented and discussed. This is however far from being exhaustive, given the present dynamic development of this new field of research. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 4: 157–170, 2011
Heavy Fermions and Quantum Phase Transitions

From Simplicity to Complexity The relatively simple properties of isolated electrons become rich and complex when the particle-particle interactions are strong enough to form a correlated system. Emergence of complex behavior from relatively simple subunits is an intensely studied topic in condensed-matter physics and applies to many systems in superconductivity and magnetism. Si and Steglich (p. 1161) review the physics of heavy fermion intermetallic compounds. These make ideal materials for study because they can exhibit metallic, magnetic, and superconducting behavior showing novel quantum phases and unconventional quantum criticality. Quantum phase transitions arise in many-body systems because of competing interactions that promote rivaling ground states. Recent years have seen the identification of continuous quantum phase transitions, or quantum critical points, in a host of antiferromagnetic heavy-fermion compounds. Studies of the interplay between the various effects have revealed new classes of quantum critical points and are uncovering a plethora of new quantum phases. At the same time, quantum criticality has provided fresh insights into the electronic, magnetic, and superconducting properties of the heavy-fermion metals. We review these developments, discuss the open issues, and outline some directions for future research.
Estimation of temporal variation of sediment yield using GIS / Estimation de la variation temporelle de l'exportation sédimentaire grâce à un SIG

Abstract A GIS-based method is proposed for computation of temporal variation of sediment yield during isolated storm events. Data from three Indian catchments, namely Karso and Nagwa in Jharkhand and Kharkari in Rajasthan, have been used. The Integrated Land and Water Information System (ILWIS) GIS package was used for (a) catchment discretization into cell areas using grid networks, (b) evaluation of the spatial variation in catchment topographical characteristics and land use, and (c) presentation of the results obtained. The process of sediment delivery from grid cells to the catchment outlet is represented by the topographical characteristics of the cells. Unit sediment graphs for the catchments are derived by translation of the sediment yield from the grid cells and routing through a linear storage reservoir. The proposed method is found to provide satisfactory estimates of the temporal variation of sediment yield during isolated storm events. The total sediment yield of a storm event may also be computed using the proposed method.
Scaffolding Multidimensional Understanding and Rule Use in Preschoolers' DCCS Performance

ii Acknowledgments . iv List of Figures . vii List of Tables . viii List of Abbreviations . ix Chapter 1: General Introduction . 1 Executive Functioning Development . 2 The Dimensional Change Card Sort . 3 Theoretical Background . 4 Iterative Reprocessing . 4 Evidence . 5 Re-description . 6 Evidence . 7 Integrative View . 9 Summary . 10 EF Training . 10 Classroom Interventions . 11 Lab-based Training . 13 Training and Intervention Summary . 22 Summary . 23 Goals of the Present Research . 23 Chapter 2: Study 1 . 26 Methods . 27 Participants . 27 Design and Procedure . 28 Materials . 28 Results . 32 Discussion . 33 Chapter 3: Study 2 . 37
Differential Eligibility Vectors for Advantage Updating and Gradient Methods

In this paper we propose differential eligibility vectors (DEV) for temporal-difference (TD) learning, a new class of eligibility vectors designed to bring out the contribution of each action in the TD-error at each state. Specifically, we use DEV in TD-Q(lambda) to more accurately learn the relative value of the actions, rather than their absolute value. We identify conditions that ensure convergence w.p.1 of TD-Q(lambda) with DEV and show that this algorithm can also be used to directly approximate the advantage function associated with a given policy, without the need to compute an auxiliary function - something that, to the extent of our knowledge, was not known possible. Finally, we discuss the integration of DEV in LSTDQ and actor-critic algorithms.
Histoplasma capsulatum Heat-Shock 60 Orchestrates the Adaptation of the Fungus to Temperature Stress

Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are among the most widely distributed and evolutionary conserved proteins. Hsps are essential regulators of diverse constitutive metabolic processes and are markedly upregulated during stress. A 62 kDa Hsp (Hsp60) of Histoplasma capsulatum (Hc) is an immunodominant antigen and the major surface ligand to CR3 receptors on macrophages. However little is known about the function of this protein within the fungus. We characterized Hc Hsp60-protein interactions under different temperature to gain insights of its additional functions oncell wall dynamism, heat stress and pathogenesis. We conducted co-immunoprecipitations with antibodies to Hc Hsp60 using cytoplasmic and cell wall extracts. Interacting proteins were identified by shotgun proteomics. For the cell wall, 84 common interactions were identified among the 3 growth conditions, including proteins involved in heat-shock response, sugar and amino acid/protein metabolism and cell signaling. Unique interactions were found at each temperature [30°C (81 proteins), 37°C (14) and 37/40°C (47)]. There were fewer unique interactions in cytoplasm [30°C (6), 37°C (25) and 37/40°C (39)] and four common interactions, including additional Hsps and other known virulence factors. These results show the complexity of Hsp60 function and provide insights into Hc biology, which may lead to new avenues for the management of histoplasmosis.
Nsk1 ensures accurate chromosome segregation by promoting association of kinetochores to spindle poles during anaphase B

Nsk1 is a novel fission yeast protein that binds the nucleolus during interphase and the nucleoplasm during early mitosis. After anaphase and following dephosphorylation by Clp1, Nsk1 binds the kinetochore–spindle pole junction and maintains accurate chromosome segregation by promoting the association of kinetochores to spindle poles during anaphase B.
Informational Losses in Rational Trading Panics

I consider a sequential trading model with both trade timing and information acquisition decisions. Traders benefit from waiting to acquire additional information before trading, but waiting is costly because others may then trade before them. I determine the conditions under which traders rationally panic, rushing to trade to avoid adverse price movements. When panics occur, information is forgone, causing asset prices to aggregate only weak information. Counter-intuitively, better quality information can result in less information being aggregated. Panics are shown to occur during times of uncertainty so that, perversely, information is forgone precisely when it is most valuable. Strategic complementarity in timing decisions induces a multiplicity of equilibria, allowing expectations of panic to become self-fulfilling. I present several testable predictions, some of which are consistent with existing empirical evidence.
Intervocalic fortis and lenis stops in a Norwegian dialect

This study looks into the realization of intervocalic fortis and lenis stop consonants produced by a group of subjects from the Trøndelag region in Norway. The speech material consisted of isolated words containing fortis and lenis stops occurring after phonologically long and short vowels. Three different places of articulation were included: bilabial, alveolar and velar. The results of acoustic measurements show that the fortis stops are characterized by long durations, voicelessness and often some degree of preaspiration. The lenis stops have shorter durations and are often fully voiced. For the male speakers a somewhat larger degree of voicing was found than for the females. The relative amount of voicing was found to be inversely proportional to closure duration.
Green Leaf Volatile Emissions during High Temperature and Drought Stress in a Central Amazon Rainforest

Prolonged drought stress combined with high leaf temperatures can induce programmed leaf senescence involving lipid peroxidation, and the loss of net carbon assimilation during early stages of tree mortality. Periodic droughts are known to induce widespread tree mortality in the Amazon rainforest, but little is known about the role of lipid peroxidation during drought-induced leaf senescence. In this study, we present observations of green leaf volatile (GLV) emissions during membrane peroxidation processes associated with the combined effects of high leaf temperatures and drought-induced leaf senescence from individual detached leaves and a rainforest ecosystem in the central Amazon. Temperature-dependent leaf emissions of volatile terpenoids were observed during the morning, and together with transpiration and net photosynthesis, showed a post-midday depression. This post-midday depression was associated with a stimulation of C5 and C6 GLV emissions, which continued to increase throughout the late afternoon in a temperature-independent fashion. During the 2010 drought in the Amazon Basin, which resulted in widespread tree mortality, green leaf volatile emissions (C6 GLVs) were observed to build up within the forest canopy atmosphere, likely associated with high leaf temperatures and enhanced drought-induced leaf senescence processes. The results suggest that observations of GLVs in the tropical boundary layer could be used as a chemical sensor of reduced ecosystem productivity associated with drought stress.
Immigration and Status Exchange in Australia and the United States

This paper evaluates the status exchange hypothesis for Australia and the United States, two Anglophone nations with long immigration traditions whose admission regimes place different emphases on skills. Using log-linear methods, we demonstrate that foreign-born spouses trade educational credentials via marriage with natives in both Australian and U.S. marriage markets and, moreover, that nativity is a more salient marriage barrier for men than for women. With some exceptions, immigrant spouses in mixed nativity couples are better educated than native spouses in same nativity couples, but status exchange is more prevalent among the less-educated spouses in both countries. Support for the status exchange hypothesis is somewhat weaker in Australia partly because of lower average levels of education compared with the United States and partly because of less sharply defined educational hierarchy at the postsecondary level.
Motives for the Acceptance of the Social Sharing of Positive and Negative Emotions and Perceived Motives of the Narrator for Sharing the Emotional Episode

This study aimed to highlight the individual’s motives for accepting the social sharing of emotions of a person as well as the motives perceived by the individual for the other’s sharing. The 81 participants first retrieved an actual situation from their memory in which they had listened to a person who had experienced a negative or positive emotional episode and, secondly, they freely described these motives. A semantic categorization showed that the motives for accepting a person’s social sharing are mainly the desire to provide the narrator with proof of social links and support; the perceived motives for the other’s social sharing are mainly a supposed need to vent and to strengthen social links. The discussion makes suggestions for future studies in the field of emotion communication.
Complex dynamics in a short annular container with rotating bottom and inner cylinder

The nonlinear dynamics of the flow in a short annulus driven by the rotation of the inner cylinder and bottom endwall is considered. The shortness of the annulus enhances the role of mode competition. For aspect ratios greater than about 3, the flow dynamics are dominated by a centrifugal instability as the rotating inner cylinder imparts angular momentum to the adjacent fluid, resulting in a three-cell state; the cells are analoguous to Taylor–Couette vortices. For aspect ratios less than about 2.8, the dynamics are dominated by the boundary layer on the bottom rotating endwall that is turned by the stationary outer cylinder to produce an internal shear layer that is azimuthally unstable via Hopf bifurcations. For intermediate aspect ratios, the competition between these instability mechanisms leads to very complicated dynamics, including homoclinic and heteroclinic phenomena. The dynamics are organized by a codimension-two fold-Hopf bifurcation, where modes due to both instability mechanisms bifurcate simultaneously. The dynamics are explored using a three-dimensional Navier–Stokes solver, which is also implemented in a number of invariant subspaces in order to follow some unstable solution branches and obtain a fairly complete bifurcation diagram of the mode competitions.
Detection of extended very-high-energy $\gamma$-ray emission towards the young stellar cluster Westerlund 2

Results from gamma-ray observations by the H.E. S.S. telescope array in the direction of the young stellar cluster Westerlund 2 are presented. Stereoscopic imaging of Cherenkov light emission of gamma-ray induced showers in the atmosphere is used to study the celestial region around the massive Wolf-Rayet (WR) binary WR 20a. Spectral and positional analysis is performed using standard event reconstruction techniques and parameter cuts. The detection of a new gamma-ray source is reported from H.E. S.S. observations in 2006. HESS J1023-575 is found to be coincident with the young stellar cluster Westerlund 2 in the well-known HII complex RCW 49. The source is detected with a statistical significance of more than 9 sigma, and shows extension beyond a point-like object within the H.E. S.S. point-spread function. The differential gamma-ray spectrum of the emission region is measured over approximately two orders of magnitude in flux. The spatial coincidence between HESS J1023-575 and the young open cluster Westerlund 2, hosting e.g. the massive WR binary WR 20a, requires a look into a variety of potential models to account for the observed very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission. Considered emission scenarios include emission from the colliding wind zone of WR 20a, collective stellar winds from the extraordinary ensemble of hot and massive stars in the stellar cluster Westerlund 2, diffusive shock acceleration in the wind-blown bubble itself, and supersonic winds breaking out into the interstellar medium (ISM). The observed source extension argues against a single star origin of the observed VHE emission.
THE THEORY OF GLOBAL GAMES ON TEST: EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF COORDINATION GAMES WITH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INFORMATION

The theory of global games has shown that coordination games with multiple equilibria may have a unique equilibrium if certain parameters of the payoff function are private information instead of common knowledge. We report the results of an experiment designed to test the predictions of this theory. Comparing sessions with common and private information, we observe only small differences in behavior. For common information, subjects coordinate on threshold strategies that deviate from the global game solution towards the payoff-dominant equilibrium. For private information, thresholds are closer to the global game solution than for common information. Variations in the payoff function affect behavior as predicted by comparative statics of the global game solution. Predictability of coordination points is about the same for both information conditions.
Platelet GpIbα Binding to von Willebrand Factor Under Fluid Shear: Contributions of the D'D3‐Domain, A1‐Domain Flanking Peptide and O‐Linked Glycans

Background Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) A1‐domain binding to platelet receptor GpIbα is an important fluid‐shear dependent interaction that regulates both soluble VWF binding to platelets, and platelet tethering onto immobilized VWF. We evaluated the roles of different structural elements at the N‐terminus of the A1‐domain in regulating shear dependent platelet binding. Specifically, the focus was on the VWF D′D3‐domain, A1‐domain N‐terminal flanking peptide (NFP), and O‐glycans on this peptide. Methods and Results Full‐length dimeric VWF (ΔPro‐VWF), dimeric VWF lacking the D′D3 domain (ΔD′D3‐VWF), and ΔD′D3‐VWF variants lacking either the NFP (ΔD′D3NFP─‐VWF) or just O‐glycans on this peptide (ΔD′D3OG─‐VWF) were expressed. Monomeric VWF‐A1 and D′D3‐A1 were also produced. In ELISA, the apparent dissociation constant (KD) of soluble ΔPro‐VWF binding to immobilized GpIbα (KD≈100 nmol/L) was 50‐ to 100‐fold higher than other proteins lacking the D′D3 domain (KD~0.7 to 2.5 nmol/L). Additionally, in surface plasmon resonance studies, the on‐rate of D′D3‐A1 binding to immobilized GpIbα (kon=1.8±0.4×104 (mol/L)−1·s−1; KD=1.7 μmol/L) was reduced compared with the single VWF‐A1 domain (kon=5.1±0.4×104 (mol/L)−1·s−1; KD=1.2 μmol/L). Thus, VWF‐D′D3 primarily controls soluble VWF binding to GpIbα. In contrast, upon VWF immobilization, all molecular features regulated A1‐GpIbα binding. Here, in ELISA, the number of apparent A1‐domain sites available for binding GpIbα on ΔPro‐VWF was ≈50% that of the ΔD′D3‐VWF variants. In microfluidics based platelet adhesion measurements on immobilized VWF and thrombus formation assays on collagen, human platelet recruitment varied as ΔPro‐VWF<ΔD′D3‐VWF<ΔD′D3NFP─‐VWF<ΔD′D3OG─‐VWF. Conclusions Whereas VWF‐D′D3 is the major regulator of soluble VWF binding to platelet GpIbα, both the D′D3‐domain and N‐terminal peptide regulate platelet translocation and thrombus formation.
A curved multi-component aerosol hygroscopicity model framework: 2 Including organics

This paper describes the inclusion of organic particulate material within the Aerosol Diameter Dependent Equilibrium Model (ADDEM) framework described in the companion paper applied to inorganic aerosol components. The performance of ADDEM is analysed in terms of its capability to reproduce the behaviour of various organic and mixed inorganic/organic systems using recently published bulk data. Within the modelling architecture already described two separate thermodynamic models are coupled in an additive approach and combined with a method for solving the Kohler equation in order to develop a tool for predicting the water content associated with an aerosol of known inorganic/organic composition and dry size. For development of the organic module, the widely used group contribution method UNIFAC is employed to explicitly deal with the non-ideality in solution. The UNIFAC predictions for components of atmospheric importance were improved considerably by using revised interaction parameters derived from electro-dynamic balance studies. Using such parameters, the model was found to adequately describe mixed systems including 5? 6 dicarboxylic acids, down to low relative humidity conditions. The additive approach for modelling mixed inorganic/organic systems worked well for a variety of mixtures. As expected, deviations between predicted and measured data increase with increasing concentration. Available surface tension models, used in evaluating the Kelvin term, were found to reproduce measured data with varying success. Deviations from experimental data increased with increased organic compound complexity. For components only slightly soluble in water, significant deviations from measured surface tension depression behaviour were predicted with both model formalisms tested. A Sensitivity analysis showed that such variation is likely to lead to predicted growth factors within the measurement uncertainty for growth factor taken in the sub-saturated regime. Greater sensitivity was found for the value of dry density used in the assumed form of the dried out aerosol. Comparison with a coupled thermodynamic approach showed that assumed values for interactions parameters may lead to erroneous results where a simple additive approach may provide more accurate results. However, where available, the use of coupled thermodynamics can better reproduce measured behaviour. Further work (and laboratory data) is required to assess whether this difference lies within the experimental uncertainty of observed hygroscopic behaviour for a variety of systems.
Awareness and attitudes regarding breast cancer and breast self-examination among female Jordanian students

Background: Despite huge efforts to increase the level of breast cancer awareness, breast self-examination (BSE) is still poorly practiced across Jordan. This baseline study aimed to assess the awareness of female Jordanian students about breast cancer and their practice of BSE. Materials and Methods: Using a cross-sectional research design, a self-administered survey was used, via a pre-validated pre-piloted questionnaire was distributed to 900 female students aged between 18 and 37 years recruited from the University of Jordan in Amman. The questionnaire was divided into four domains: Socio-demographic characteristics; the respondent's knowledge of breast cancer and BSE; their attitude towards risk factors for breast cancer; their experience of breast cancer screening and BSE. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi-Info version 6.4 statistical Software. Results: The overall response rate was 93.3%. Approximately half of the respondents 435 (51.8%) were aware of breast cancer. Of these, 99 (22.7%) believed that it was caused by a medical condition, followed by old age (71; 16.4%), lack of breastfeeding (58; 13.3%), heredity (56; 12.8%), late marriage (44; 10.3%), pregnancies in older women (33; 7.5%), the use of brassieres (18; 4.1%), excessive breastfeeding (17; 3.9%), being unmarried (14; 3.2%), and spirituality (11; 2.6%). Overall, 152 participants (34.9%) were aware of BSE, but only 93 (11%) had performed it. Conclusions: The current status of awareness of breast cancer in Jordanian students and their use of BSE are insufficient. Women need to be encouraged to self-monitor in order to detect abnormalities in their breasts. Appropriate educational interventions are urgently required to encourage women to engage in regular BSE.