Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuropsychological assessment of individuals with mild traumatic brain injury.

The cognitive sequelae of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) remain to be clearly delineated. Although the majority of studies have demonstrated deficits on tests of complex attention and working memory, the appropriate clinical tools to be used in an evaluation are still not clearly known. In this study 148 subjects who met the criteria for MTBI were assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, including a measure of personality. Subjects performed significantly worse than normative data on tests of time dependent attention, and on tests of verbal memory. Cognitive performance was found to be related to demographic variables of gender and age, but not to education, educational status, length of loss of consciousness, or length of time post injury. No emotional or personality variable was related to performance on cognitive neuropsychological measures.
Stereo on a budget

We propose an algorithm for recovering depth using less than two images. Instead of having both cameras send their entire image to the host computer, the left camera sends its image to the host while the right camera sends only a fraction $\epsilon$ of its image. The key aspect is that the cameras send the information without communicating at all. Hence, the required communication bandwidth is significantly reduced. While standard image compression techniques can reduce the communication bandwidth, this requires additional computational resources on the part of the encoder (camera). We aim at designing a light weight encoder that only touches a fraction of the pixels. The burden of decoding is placed on the decoder (host). We show that it is enough for the encoder to transmit a sparse set of pixels. Using only $1+\epsilon$ images, with $\epsilon$ as little as 2% of the image, the decoder can compute a depth map. The depth map's accuracy is comparable to traditional stereo matching algorithms that require both images as input. Using the depth map and the left image, the right image can be synthesized. No computations are required at the encoder, and the decoder's runtime is linear in the images' size.
Apply Fuzzy Decision Tree to Information Security Risk Assessment

As computer becomes popular and internet advances rapidly, information application systems are used extensively in organizations. Various information application systems such as attendance systems, accounting systems, and statistical systems have already replaced manual operations. In such a drastic change, the information security issue encountered by organizations becomes increasingly significant. Information security risk assessment is the core of information security. It focuses on the assessments of assets with confidentiality, integrity and availability. Moreover, vulnerability of information systems and threats to the outside are also included in the scope of consideration. This study adopts fuzzy decision tree to evaluate the information security risk assessment for decision-makers. There are 155 input-output data with 22 attributes used to measure the value at risk obtained from ISO/IEC 27001 information security management system standard and ISO/IEC27005: 2008 Information technology. Another zoo dataset collected from UCI repository is also used to test the performance for the proposed algorithm. From simulation results, the proposed approach outperforms other existing approaches.
Primary aldosteronism: an update on screening, diagnosis and treatment

Background Primary aldosteronism is much more common than previously held; it implies an excessive organ damage to the heart, vessels and kidney, which translates into an excess of cardiovascular events. These two features, along with the fact that the arterial hypertension and the hypokalemia can be corrected with a timely diagnosis and an appropriate therapy, warrant an aggressive diagnostic approach in hypertensive patients. Objectives To provide updated information on the screening and exclusion tests for primary aldosteronism and to illustrate the strategy that can be followed for primary aldosteronism subtype differentiation. Design Review of the literature and personal experience of the authors. Results The available evidence showed that a cost-effective strategy for the screening of patients with primary aldosteronism can be exploited at most centres. At variance, the identification of primary aldosteronism subtypes, for example, the differentiation of patients with an aldosterone-producing adenoma from those with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism should be undertaken at tertiary referral centres. Conclusion The identification of a curable form of primary aldosteronism can be much rewarding for the patient and the doctor. Thus, an aggressive diagnostic approach is mandatory at least in some subgroups of hypertensive patients who are at higher prior risk of primary aldosteronism or can benefit more from an accurate diagnosis.
Manifestaciones orales de la infección por VIH en la infancia : artículo de revisión

Manifestaciones orales de la infección por VIH en la infancia: artículo de revisión las categorías clínicas y las inmunológicas. ABSTRACT The vast majority of children with HIV infection present oral manifestations among the first signs of illness. These lesions are not produced directly by the virus, but are manifestations associated with HIV infection, and are not pathognomic of the infection itself. Some of these oral lesions have a prognostic value with regard to progression of the infection and the appearance of AIDS; independently of other, more commonly used markers. The essential risk factors that influence the development of such oral manifestations are the low number of CD4+ lymphocytes, xerostomia, and the lack of anti-retroviral therapy. Opportunist infections, such as mycoses-including pseudomembranous oral candidiasis, are found with higher frequency; followed by the herpetic viral infections. The oral lesions that appear in infected children differ in prevalence from those found in seropositive adults, some, such as parotid hypertrophy, present more exclusively in children, others, such as periodontal bacterial infections and Kaposiʼs Sarcoma, are lesions that predominate in the adult HIV-infected population. Given the current impact of the pandemic caused by HIV, it is the responsibility of dental professionals to prevent, detect, treat and control the oral lesions in those patients infected with HIV. All of which will be reflected in a reduction in transmission, lower mortality and greater long-term survival for infected children.
Male Facial Appearance and Offspring Mortality in Two Traditional Societies

It has been hypothesised that facial traits such as masculinity and a healthy appearance may indicate heritable qualities in males (e.g. immunocompetence) and that, consequently, female preferences for such traits may function to increase offspring viability and health. However, the putative link between paternal facial features and offspring health has not previously been tested empirically in humans. Here we present data from two traditional societies with little or no access to modern medicine and family planning technologies. Data on offspring number and offspring survival were analysed for the Agta of the Philippines and the Maya of Belize, and archive facial photographs were assessed by observers for attractiveness and masculinity. While there was no association between attractiveness and offspring survival in either population, a quadratic relationship was observed between masculinity and offspring survival in both populations, such that intermediate levels of masculinity were associated with the lowest offspring mortality, with both high and low levels of masculinity being associated with increased mortality. Neither attractiveness nor masculinity were related to fertility (offspring number) in either population. We consider how these data may or may not reconcile with current theories of female preferences for masculinity in male faces and argue that further research and replication in other traditional societies should be a key priority for the field.
Rehabilitation of Executive Functioning in Patients with Frontal Lobe Brain Damage with Goal Management Training

Executive functioning deficits due to brain disease affecting frontal lobe functions cause significant real-life disability, yet solid evidence in support of executive functioning interventions is lacking. Goal Management Training (GMT), an executive functioning intervention that draws upon theories concerning goal processing and sustained attention, has received empirical support in studies of patients with traumatic brain injury, normal aging, and case studies. GMT promotes a mindful approach to complex real-life tasks that pose problems for patients with executive functioning deficits, with a main goal of periodically stopping ongoing behavior to monitor and adjust goals. In this controlled trial, an expanded version of GMT was compared to an alternative intervention, Brain Health Workshop that was matched to GMT on non-specific characteristics that can affect intervention outcome. Participants included 19 individuals in the chronic phase of recovery from brain disease (predominantly stroke) affecting frontal lobe function. Outcome data indicated specific effects of GMT on the Sustained Attention to Response Task as well as the Tower Test, a visuospatial problem-solving measure that reflected far transfer of training effects. There were no significant effects on self-report questionnaires, likely owing to the complexity of these measures in this heterogeneous patient sample. Overall, these data support the efficacy of GMT in the rehabilitation of executive functioning deficits.
Can Decision Criteria Interchange Locations? Some Positive Evidence

Signal detection theory (SDT) explains decision making in the yes/no detection task by postulating a single fixed criterion that is used to select responses to the noisy sensory input (Green & Swets, 1966). It is accepted that the criterion may have its own variance, but since in this paradigm criterion variance is indistinguish able from that due to the sensory processes, it is lumped with the latter for purposes of analysis. But if we consider more complex paradigms in which more than one criterion must be maintained simultaneously, such as the rating procedure, the possibility of variation in the location of criteria—whether or not the criterion variance can be separately estimated— raises a new problem, because such variation may affect the interrelations between the criteria. This problem will be examined in the present article.
Hubbard-like Hamiltonians for interacting electrons in s, p, and d orbitals

Hubbard-like Hamiltonians are widely used to describe on-site Coulomb interactions in magnetic and strongly-correlated solids, but there is much confusion in the literature about the form these Hamiltonians should take for shells of p and d orbitals. This paper derives the most general s, p and d orbital Hubbard-like Hamiltonians consistent with the relevant symmetries, and presents them in ways convenient for practical calculations. We use the full configuration interaction method to study p and d orbital dimers and compare results obtained using the correct Hamiltonian and the collinear and vector Stoner Hamiltonians. The Stoner Hamiltonians can fail to describe properly the nature of the ground state, the time evolution of excited states, and the electronic heat capacity.
Exploitation and recovery of a sea urchin predator has implications for the resilience of southern California kelp forests

Size-structured predator–prey interactions can be altered by the history of exploitation, if that exploitation is itself size-selective. For example, selective harvesting of larger sized predators can release prey populations in cases where only large individuals are capable of consuming a particular prey species. In this study, we examined how the history of exploitation and recovery (inside marine reserves and due to fisheries management) of California sheephead (Semicossyphus pulcher) has affected size-structured interactions with sea urchin prey in southern California. We show that fishing changes size structure by reducing sizes and alters life histories of sheephead, while management measures that lessen or remove fishing impacts (e.g. marine reserves, effort restrictions) reverse these effects and result in increases in density, size and biomass. We show that predation on sea urchins is size-dependent, such that the diet of larger sheephead is composed of more and larger sized urchins than the diet of smaller fish. These results have implications for kelp forest resilience, because urchins can overgraze kelp in the absence of top-down control. From surveys in a network of marine reserves, we report negative relationships between the abundance of sheephead and urchins and the abundance of urchins and fleshy macroalgae (including giant kelp), indicating the potential for cascading indirect positive effects of top predators on the abundance of primary producers. Management measures such as increased minimum size limits and marine reserves may serve to restore historical trophic roles of key predators and thereby enhance the resilience of marine ecosystems.
Three New Myrsinol Diterpenes from Euphorbia prolifera and Their Neuroprotective Activities

Three new myrsinol diterpenes were isolated from the roots of Euphorbia prolifera. Their structures were elucidated as 2α-O-isobutyryl-3β,5α,7β,10,15β-penta-O-acetyl-14α-O-benzoyl-10,18-dihydromyrsinol (1), 2α-O-isobutyryl-3β-O-propion-yl-5α,7β,10,15β-tetra-O-acetyl-10,18-dihydromyrsinol (2), and 2α,14α-di-O-benzoyl-3β,5α,7β,10,15β-penta-O-acetyl-10,18-dihydromyrsinol (3) on the basis of spectroscopic data analyses (IR, ESI-MS, HR-ESI-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR). Their neuroprotective activities were evaluated and compounds 1 and 2 showed neuroprotective effects against MPP+-induced neuronal cell death in SH-SY5Y cells.
Lessons Learned from Building and Deploying a Code Review Analytics Platform

Tool-based code review is growing in popularity and has become a standard part of the development process at Mi-crosoft. Adoption of these tools makes it possible to mine data from code reviews and provide access to it. In this paper, we pre-sent an experience report for CodeFlow Analytics, a system that collects code review data, generates metrics from this data, and provides a number of ways for development teams to access the metrics and data. We discuss the design, design decisions and chal-lenges that we encountered when building CodeFlow Analytics. We contacted teams that used CodeFlow Analytics over the past two years and discuss what prompted them to use CodeFlow Ana-lytics, how they have used it, and what the impact has been. Fur-ther, we survey research that has been enabled by using the Code-Flow Analytics platform. We provide a series of lessons learned from this experience to help others embarking on a task of building an analytics platform in an enterprise setting.
Flip-Flop Energy/Performance Versus Clock Slope and Impact on the Clock Network Design

In this paper, the influence of the clock slope on the speed of various classes of flip-flops (FFs) and on the overall energy dissipation of both FFs and clock domain buffers is analyzed. Analysis shows that an optimum clock slope exists, which minimizes the energy spent in a clock domain. Results show that the clock slope requirement can be relaxed with respect to traditional assumptions, leading up to 30 ÷40 % energy savings and at a very small speed performance penalty. The effectiveness of the clock slope optimization is discussed in detail for the existing classes of FFs. The impact of such an optimization in terms of additive skew and jitter contributions is discussed, together to the analysis of the impact of technology scaling. Extensive post-layout simulations on a 65-nm CMOS technology are performed to check the validity of the underlying assumptions and approximations.
Practical Deadlock-Free Fault-Tolerant Routing in Meshes Based on the Planar Network Fault Model

The number of virtual channels required for deadlock-free routing is important for cost-effective and high-performance system design. The planar adaptive routing scheme is an effective deadlock avoidance technique using only three virtual channels for each physical channel in 3D or higher dimensional mesh networks with a very simple deadlock avoidance scheme. However, there exist one idle virtual channel for all physical channels along the first dimension and two idle virtual channels for channels along the last dimension in a mesh network based on the planar adaptive routing algorithm. A new deadlock avoidance technique is proposed for 3D meshes using only two virtual channels by making full use of the idle channels. The deadlock-free adaptive routing scheme is then modified to a deadlock-free adaptive fault-tolerant routing scheme based on a planar network (PN) fault model. The proposed deadlock-free adaptive routing scheme is also extended to n-dimensional meshes still using two virtual channels. Sufficient simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Towards a Basic Theory to Model Model Driven Engineering

What is a model? What is a metamodel? What is a language? What is a transformation? How are these concepts related? It is striking to see that, though MDE is supposed to be about precise modelling, MDE core concepts are usually described in natural language or at best, using sketchy UML diagrams. When precise descriptions are provided, it is only to describe a specific technology. But Model Driven Engineering is about supporting multiple Technological Spaces (TS). The concepts of model, metamodel, and transformation must be understood, not only in the context of the MDA TS, but also in the Grammarware TS, the Documentware TS, the Dataware TS, etc. This paper shows how the set theory and language theory could help in understanding essential MDE concepts. A first version of a very rudimentary theory for reasoning about MDE concepts is provided in the form of a megamodel.
A Bayesian Reliability Growth Model for Computer Software

A Bayesian reliability growth model is presented which includes special features designed to reproduce special properties of the growth in reliability of an item of computer software (program). The model treats the situation where the program is sufficiently complete to work for continuous time periods between failures, and gives a repair rule for the action of the programmer at such failures. Analysis is based entirely upon the length of the periods of working between repairs and failures, and does not attempt to take account of the internal structure of the program. Methods of inference about the parameters of the model are discussed.
Legitimate vs. illegitimate restrictions – a motivational and physiological approach investigating reactance processes

Threats to our freedom are part of our daily social interactions. They are accompanied by an aversive state of motivational arousal, called reactance, which leads people to strive to reestablish their threatened freedom. This is especially the case if the threat seems to be illegitimate in nature. However, reactance theory suggests that reactance should also be aroused when people are exposed to legitimate freedom threats. In this article we first aim to show that both illegitimate and legitimate freedom threats evoke reactance. Second, we aim to extend past work on reactance by exploring the underlying process of experiencing a legitimate vs. an illegitimate restriction. In the current study (N= 57) participants were restricted in an illegitimate (unexpected and inappropriate) or legitimate (unexpected but appropriate) way, or were not restricted at all. We assessed participants’ experience of reactance, their behavioral intentions to restore their freedom, their approach motivational states, as well as their physiological arousal (heart rate). Results indicated that when restricted in an illegitimate or a legitimate way, participants indicated the same amount of reactance as well as anger. However, when looking at people’s physiological reactions, important differences between illegitimate and legitimate restrictions become apparent. Illegitimate restrictions led to an immediate arousal, whereas legitimate restrictions led to a time delayed arousal. This suggests that illegitimate restrictions lead to a sudden increase in aversive arousal. Legitimate restrictions, however, seem to be associated with a more cognitive process in which people first need to structure their thoughts and reflect upon the situation before getting into the feeling of reactance in a physiologically arousing sense. Moreover a mediation analysis could show that behavioral intentions to regain one’s freedom result in positive and negative approach motivation. In sum we propose a combined dual-process and intertwined-process model explaining people’s reactions to legitimate vs. illegitimate restrictions.
Sex‐specific alterations in NOS regulation of vascular function in aorta and mesenteric arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats compared to Wistar Kyoto rats

The present study tested the hypothesis that spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) have impaired nitric oxide synthase (NOS)‐mediated regulation of vascular function versus Wistar‐Kyoto rats (WKY). Aorta and small mesenteric arteries were studied from male and female SHR (M SHR and F SHR) and WKY (M WKY and F WKY). Phenylephrine (PE)‐induced vasoconstriction was greater in aorta of M SHR versus all others (P < 0.05); there were neither sex nor strain differences in PE contraction in mesenteric arteries. The NOS inhibitor l‐Nitro‐Arginine Methyl Ester (l‐NAME) increased PE‐induced vasoconstriction in all rats, although the increase was the least in male SHR (P < 0.05), revealing a blunted vasoconstrictor buffering capacity of NOS. l‐NAME increased sensitivity to PE‐induced constriction only in mesenteric arteries of SHR, although, the maximal percent increase in contraction was comparable among groups. ACh‐induced relaxation was also less in aorta from M SHR versus all others (P < 0.05). ACh relaxation was comparable among groups in mesenteric arteries, although SHR exhibited a greater NOS component to ACh‐induced relaxation than WKY. To gain mechanistic insight into sex and strain differences in vascular function, NOS activity and NOS3 protein expression were measured. Aortic NOS activity was comparable between groups and M SHR had greater NOS3 expression than M WKY. In contrast, although vascular function was largely maintained in mesenteric arteries of SHR, NOS activity was less in SHR versus WKY. In conclusion, M SHR exhibit a decrease in NOS regulation of vascular function compared to F SHR and WKY, although this is not mediated by decreases in NOS activity and/or expression.