Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gravitomagnetism and Gravitational Waves

After extensively reviewing general relativistic gravitomagnetism, both historically and phenomenologically, we review in detail the so-called magnetic components of gravitational waves (GWs), which have to be taken into account in the context of the total response functions of interferometers for GWs propagating from arbitrary directions. Following the more recent approaches of this important issue, the analysis of such magnetic components will be reviewed in both of standard General Theory of Relativity (GTR) and Scalar Tensor Gravity. Thus, we show in detail that such a magnetic component becomes particularly important in the high-frequency portion of the range of ground based interferometers for GWs which arises from the two different theories of gravity. Our reviewed results show that if one neglects the magnetic contribution to the gravitational field of a GW, approximately 15% of the potential observable signal could, in principle, be lost.
Low cost test vector compression/decompression scheme for circuits with a reconfigurable serial multiplier

Many chip designs contain one or more serial multipliers. A scheme is proposed to exploit this to compress the amount of data that needs to be stored on the tester and transferred to the CUT during manufacturing test. The test vectors are stored on the tester in a compressed format by expressing each test vector as a product of two numbers. While performing multiplication on these stored seeds in the Galois field modulo 2, GF(2), the multiplier states (i.e. the partial products) are tapped to reproduce the test vectors and fill the scan chains. In contrast with other test vector decompression schemes that add significant test specific hardware to the chip, the proposed scheme reduces hardware overhead by making use of existing functional circuitry. Experimental results demonstrate that a high encoding efficiency can be achieved using the proposed scheme.
Semantics of Constraints in RDFS

We study constraints for RDF-Schema (RDFS) graphs. The syntax and semantics is defined for constraints in graphs that can contain RDFS properties and blank nodes. The proposal for constraint satisfaction closely resembles the possible world approach found in various contexts of incomplete databases and knowledge bases. Positive decidability results for checking satisfaction of RDFS constraints under blank nodes are given. In addition, we present deductive rules for different kinds of constraints and for several combination of them. Our approach resembles similar deductive rules of relational database contexts, but they are generalized and adapted to the RDFS data model using homomorphisms and embeddings.
Determinants of Long-Term Interest Rates in the United States and the Euro Area: A Multivariate Approach

This article looks at the factors explaining the level of US and European long-term interest rates between 1986 and 2005. We begin by selecting the structural determinants of long-term interest rates, dealing with the US and European cases separately. However, a univariate framework cannot capture market integration and suffers from a number of statistical limitations. Switching to a multivariate setting reveals spillover from US to euro area long-term yields, with no reciprocal effect. The model allows us to draw up a timeline of events affecting the level of US and European long-term interest rates. Accordingly, the bursting of the internet bubble, purchases by foreign agents, both official and private, and the increase in global liquidity all seemingly exerted downward pressure on US long-term interest rates and, indirectly, on euro area long rates.
A PROBIT ANALYSIS OF WOMEN FARMERS’ ACCESS TO FARM LAND AND CREDIT IN THE NORTHERN PROVINCE

Northern Province is predominantly a rural region where agriculture is the dominant sector and plays an important role in the provincial economy. Women are the majority of the poor living in these rural areas and depend heavily on farming. But their agricultural productivity is below potential as they donâ€™t have access to productive assets such as land and credit. This study based on a farm survey undertaken in the seven districts in the former Lebowa homeland in the Northern Province, attempts to identify factors which determine women farmersâ€™s access to more farming land and credit facilities. The results show that most of the women are not satisfied with the size of the land which they own and they have never used farming credit. The probit analysis results show that productivity of the staple crop (maize), more off-farm income and access to credit are the strong determinants of the desire to increase, the size of the farming land. Access to credit is influenced by the first two variables above and farmers membership to agricultural development projects. Better access to and security for farm land, targeted credit and agricultural support services are crucial in improving the quality of women farmers in the province.
The KaZaA Overlay : A Measurement Study

Both in terms of number of participating users and in traffic volume, KaZaA is one of the most important applications in the Internet today. Nevertheless, because KaZaA is proprietary and uses encryption, little is understood about KaZaA’s overlay structure and dynamics, its messaging protocol, and its index management. We have built two measurement apparatus the KaZaA Sniffing Platform and the KaZaA Probing Tool to unravel many of the mysteries behind KaZaA. We deploy the apparatus to study KaZaA’s overlay structure and dynamics, its neighbor selection, its use of dynamic port numbers to circumvent firewalls, and its index management. Although this study does not fully solve the KaZaA puzzle, it nevertheless leads to a coherent description of KaZaA and its overlay. Furthermore, we leverage the measurement results to set forth a number of key principles for the design of a successful unstructured P2P overlay. The measurement results and resulting design principles in this paper should be useful for future architects of P2P overlay networks as well as for engineers managing ISPs.
Multi-Level Cultures and Public Employee Work Motivation: Focusing on Executive Agency Policy in South Korea

In contrast to the decline of New Public Management (NPM) in many countries, reports on executive agency policy in Korea point to its success. To explore why it has been successful, this study investigates the relationship between multi-level culture and work motivation (i.e., job satisfaction and organizational commitment). This study develops a multi-level framework and examines direct, moderating, and varying contextual effects in the relationships among organizational cultures (clan, adhocracy, market, and hierarchy), individual perceptions of organizational culture, and work motivation, using survey data from 1,535 public employees in 46 executive agencies in Korea and hierarchical linear modeling (HLM). Key findings include, first, clan, adhocracy, market, and hierarchy organizational cultures all have positive associations with organizational commitment; however, individual perceptions of organizational market and hierarchy cultures are negatively related to organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Second, market and hierarchy cultures have positive varying contextual effects in relationships with organizational commitment. Third, organizational culture has more explanatory power than individual perceptions of organizational culture. Finally, efforts to develop and sustain balanced organizational culture evidently led to the success of the executive agency system in Korea. The findings support the argument that NPM reforms need to be examined through the lens of a multi-level culture and balanced culture perspective.
Internal Color Properties of Resolved Spheroids in the Deep Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys Field of UGC 10214

We study the internal color properties of a morphologically selected sample of spheroidal galaxies taken from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) Early Release Observation program of UGC 10214 ("the Tadpole"). By taking advantage of the unprecedented high resolution of the ACS in this very deep data set, we are able to characterize spheroids at subarcsecond scales. Using the V606 and I814 bands, we construct V - I color maps and extract color gradients for a sample of spheroids at I814 < 24 mag. We assess the ability of the ACS to make resolved color studies of galaxies by comparing its results with the multicolor data from the Hubble Deep Fields (HDFs). Here we report that with ACS WFC data using less than ~1/10 the exposure of the WFPC2 HDFs, it is possible to confidently carry out resolved studies of faint galaxies at similar magnitude limits. We also investigate the existence of a population of morphologically classified spheroids that show extreme variation in their internal color properties, similar to the ones reported in the HDFs. These are displayed as blue cores and inverse color gradients with respect to those accounted for from metallicity variations. Following the same analysis, we find a similar fraction of early-type systems (~30%-40%) that show nonhomologous internal colors, suggestive of recent star formation activity. We present two statistics for quantifying the internal color variation in galaxies and tracing blue cores, from which we estimate the ratio of nonhomogeneous to homogeneous internal colors as a function of redshift up to z ≲ 1.2. We find that it can be described as about constant as a function of redshift, with a small increase with redshift for the fraction of spheroids that present strong color dispersions. The implications of a constant fraction at all redshifts suggests the existence of a relatively permanent population of evolving spheroids up to z ≲ 1. We discuss the implications of this in the context of spheroidal formation.
CD4:CD8 ratio as a frontier marker for clinical outcome, immune dysfunction and viral reservoir size in virologically suppressed HIV-positive patients

Absolute CD4 T cell count and plasma viral load have been established as predictors of HIV disease progression, and CD4 T cell count is used as an indicator for initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Following long‐term therapy, patients generally present with significant CD4 T cell recovery contrasting with persistently elevated CD8 T cell counts, which leads to a partial restoration of CD4:CD8 ratio. This review focuses on the relevance of the CD4:CD8 ratio on clinical outcomes, immune dysfunction and HIV reservoir size in long‐term treated patients.
Everyday Literacies: Students, Discourse, and Social Practice

This book is - in part - an introduction to research procedures that enable researchers and educators to identify and examine complex language and social practices enacted in young people's everyday lives. In the process, the actual lived experiences of four young adolescents in their final year of primary school are narrated, generating substantive content that speaks directly to the issues that lie behind this book: namely, what is the relationship between school learning and students' everyday lives, and what might an effective relationship between them look like? These questions are asked against a backdrop of national government pushes for literacy standards-setting and benchmarking in Australia and elsewhere.
Evidence on the Incremental Information Contained in the Components of Restructuring Charges

Among the new disclosures required by "EITF 94-3" is the requirement that firms disclose the nature and amounts of the material components of a restructuring charge. The objective of this paper is to assess whether these components provide information to financial statement users beyond that contained in the aggregate charge. The evidence is consistent with the decomposition of the charge providing incremental information that would be lost if only the aggregate number is reported. The results also appear to suggest that analysts interpret restructurings as bad news and that inventory writedowns and employee terminations are interpreted as the most negative restructuring components. Copyright Blackwell Publishers Ltd 2002.
A nationwide assessment of asthma-mental health nexus among veterans

Abstract Objective: In this study, we evaluated the association between both current and lifetime asthma to that of mental illness among veterans in the USA. Methods: We utilized the 2005–2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data, a national population-based survey in the USA. Mental illness was defined as past year major depressive episode and doctor diagnosis of depression. Survey-weighted univariate and multivariable regression analyses were utilized. A total of 20 581 veterans were included in the study. Results: A 4.00% and 7.50% prevalence of current and lifetime asthma were noted among veterans, respectively. A significantly higher prevalence of major depressive episode was noted among veterans with current asthma (8.23%), as compared to those without (4.68%), with a similar trend noted among those with lifetime asthma versus those without (7.84% vs. 4.58%). Doctor diagnosis of depression among veterans was higher among those with current asthma (11.83% vs. 5.86%) and lifetime asthma (10.32% vs. 5.76%), as compared to those without asthma. Upon adjusting for confounders, current asthma was significantly associated with past year major depressive episode [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.65) and depression diagnosis (aOR = 1.88). Similarly, veterans with lifetime asthma, as compared to those without, had higher odds of past year major depressive episode (aOR = 1.56) and depression diagnosis (aOR = 1.66). Conclusion: The asthma/mental health nexus is significant among the US veterans. Such results warrant the need for integrated care to address mental health burden among veterans with asthma.
Dynamic Volume-Return Relation of Individual Stocks

We examine the dynamic relation between return and volume of individual stocks. Using a simple model in which investors trade to share risk or speculate on private information, we show that returns generated by risk-sharing trades tend to reverse themselves while returns generated by speculative trades tend to continue themselves. We test this theoretical prediction by analyzing the relation between daily volume and first-order return autocorrelation for individual stocks listed on the NYSE and AMEX. We find that the cross-sectional variation in the relation between volume and return autocorrelation is related to the extent of informed trading in a manner consistent with the theoretical prediction.
Estimating Ratings of Computer Players by the Evaluation Scores and Principal Variations in Shogi

Rating systems are widely used to represent the players' strengths or skills in playing major games such as chess, go, and shogi. We present an alternative method for estimating a player's strength by using the moves played. While popular rating systems including Elo rating are based only on the results of games, i.e., wins, losses, and draws, there are substantial demands for evaluating the quality of the moves themselves instead of the game results. Several studies have been presented that use the evaluation scores obtained via game tree searches using a reference program for just this purpose. However, they incur some problems in terms of the computational costs of running the reference program and also the possible bias of a single or a small number of specific programs. Several weak estimations are integrated in our approach, where the estimations are made by focusing on a reference player playing against a target player, instead of using a few reliable programs as references. We assume a reference player is an ordinary program that can produce an evaluation score and a principal variation for each move. If a target player plays against various kinds of computer players, we can integrate the estimations made by each program in order to yield a stable estimation of the skill set of the target player. Our experiments demonstrated that the proposed method yields a reasonable estimation that represents the average of five estimations, each of which was computed using a hundred randomly selected game records.
Minimum spanning trees for gene expression data clustering.

This paper describes a new framework for microarray gene-expression data clustering. The foundation of this framework is a minimum spanning tree (MST) representation of a set of multi-dimensional gene expression data. A key property of this representation is that each cluster of the expression data corresponds to one subtree of the MST, which rigorously converts a multi-dimensional clustering problem to a tree partitioning problem. We have demonstrated that though the inter-data relationship is greatly simplified in the MST representation, no essential information is lost for the purpose of clustering. Two key advantages in representing a set of multi-dimensional data as an MST are: (1) the simple structure of a tree facilitates efficient implementations of rigorous clustering algorithms, which otherwise are highly computationally challenging; and (2) as an MST-based clustering does not depend on detailed geometric shape of a cluster, it can overcome many of the problems faced by classical clustering algorithms. Based on the MST representation, we have developed a number of rigorous and efficient clustering algorithms, including two with guaranteed global optimality. We have implemented these algorithms as a computer software EXCAVATOR. To demonstrate its effectiveness, we have tested it on two data sets, i.e., expression data from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Arabidopsis expression data in response to chitin elicitation.
Fault diagnosis of modular multilevel converters based on extended state observer

A fault diagnosis strategy for open-circuit failure of semiconductor switching device in modular multilevel converters is proposed in this paper. Fault detection and location are both included in this strategy. An extended state observer based on arm current equation is put forward and designed. The inputs of the observer are the arm current, ac voltage, and the dc link voltage. The observer is used to track the arm current and output the observed value of the extended state. The theoretical calculated value of the extended state can be acquired by the sub-module operation states and the capacitor voltages. The deviation between the observed and calculated value can be used to detect and locate the fault switching device. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified in Matlab/Simulink.
Informality and credit constraints: evidence from Sub-Saharan African MSEs

ABSTRACT The attributes of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) influencing access to credit, in particular the level and role of firm informality, are analysed in the article. The puzzle is the push for MSEs to join the formal sector and the tug to avoid the extra burden it places on the firm. It is important to know more clearly what forces are at work and the sources of the causal effects. This study uses data from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys for five low-income countries (LICs) in Sub-Saharan Africa. The method is empirical and as we find informality to be endogenous to credit constraints, an instrumental variable approach is estimated. Further, to address the possibility of reverse causality, an instrument for the informality variable is required; not registered with Inland Revenue (tax office) is the chosen instrument variable. The findings reveal that as the probability of a firm operating in the formal sector increases, there is greater access to external credit. The causality relationships are tested providing a strong platform for the formalization of polices to reduce the informality of the MSE sector. These are discussed in the context of the research findings.
Constraints on Vesta's elemental composition: Fast neutron measurements by Dawn's gamma ray and neutron detector

Surface composition information from Vesta is reported using fast neutron data collected by the gamma ray and neutron detector on the Dawn spacecraft. After correcting for variations due to hydrogen, fast neutrons show a compositional dynamic range and spatial variability that is consistent with variations in average atomic mass from howardite, eucrite, and diogenite (HED) meteorites. These data provide additional compositional evidence that Vesta is the parent body to HED meteorites. A subset of fast neutron data having lower statistical precision show spatial variations that are consistent with a 400 ppm variability in hydrogen concentrations across Vesta and supports the idea that Vesta's hydrogen is due to long‐term delivery of carbonaceous chondrite material.
Wettbewerb im deutschen Mobilfunkmarkt

Abstract This paper studies competition in the German market for mobile telecommunications, motivated by recent suggestions that T-Mobile and Vodafone possess a position of collective dominance. Allegedly, their position of joint dominance is secured through a combination of first-mover advantages and discrimination between on-net and off-net prices. While our qualitative analysis remains inconclusive, as some factors tend to favour collusion while others make collusion more difficult to sustain, our empirical analysis suggests that T-Mobile and Vodafone cannot act independently of their smaller rivals, but that they are disciplined by their smaller competitors’ offerings
P21-dependent G 1 arrest with downregulation of cyclin D1 and upregulation of cyclin E by the histone deacetylase inhibitor FR901228

Depsipeptide, FR901228, a novel cyclic peptide inhibitor of histone deacetylase with a unique cytotoxicity profile is currently in phase I clinical trials. Here we demonstrate that, in addition to G2/M arrest, FR901228 causes G1 arrest with Rb hypophosphorylation. In vitro kinase assays demonstrated no direct inhibition of CDK activity, however, an inhibition was observed in CDKs extracted from cells exposed to FR901228. Cyclin D1 protein disappeared between 6 and 12 hours after treatment with FR901228, whereas cyclin E was upregulated. While it did not induce wt p53, FR901228 did induce p21WAF1/CIP1in a p53-independent manner. Cell clones lacking p21 were not arrested in G1 phase, but continued DNA synthesis and were arrested in G2/M phase following FR901228 treatment. Finally, FR901228 blunted ERK-2/MAPK activation by EGF whereas early signal transduction events remained intact since overall cellular tyrosine phosphorylation after EGF stimulation was unaffected. Thus, FR901228, while not directly inhibiting kinase activity, causes cyclin D1 downregulation and a p53-independent p21 induction, leading to inhibition of CDK and dephosphorylation of Rb resulting in growth arrest in the early G1 phase. In contrast to the G1 arrest, the G2/M arrest is p21-independent, but is associated with significant cytotoxicity. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign
Lookahead Pairs and Full Sequences : A Tale of Two Anomaly Detection Methods

Sequence-based analysis has been both a widely imitated and widely criticized approach to anomaly detection. In virtually all of the follow-up work to Forrest et al. (1996), though, the distinction between the initially proposed “lookahead pairs” and the follow-on “full sequence” analysis methods has been overlooked. We have discovered that this oversight is significant: specifically, here we demonstrate that, on previously published and well-studied datasets, lookahead pairs produce significantly fewer false positives. Although lower false positive rates make lookahead pairs an attractive system call modeling technique, their usefulness may be compromised by an increased vulnerability to mimicry attacks. This threat can be mitigated through the use of larger sequences. Here we show that lookahead pairs produce relatively few false alarms even with longer sequences (n > 10); we also demonstrate a new technique, random schema masks, which permits the use of even longer sequences. With these new results and techniques, we conclude that the lookahead pair method should be considered as one of the benchmark techniques for modeling system calls.