Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attachment theory in adolescence and its relevance to developmental psychopathology

The relationship between the quality of early attachment and later psychological adaptation is frequently emphasized. To date, the significance of attachment during infancy and adulthood has been a central focus in the literature, with remarkably little attention being given to adolescence. The aim of this selective review is to introduce and critically consider the key concepts of attachment theory, and to then discuss the relevance of attachment to the period of adolescence. More specifically, an emphasis will be placed upon the importance of early attachment experiences in the development of adolescent psychopathology. Theoretical explanations for this relationship are considered alongside implications for clinical practice and research. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coordination between water-transport efficiency and photosynthetic capacity in canopy tree species at different growth irradiances.

Plasticity in hydraulic architecture of five dominant Atlantic forest species differing in light requirements and growth rates was evaluated in saplings grown at different irradiances to determine if hydraulic architecture changes in coordination with photosynthetic capacity. Saplings were grown in shade-houses at 10, 30, 45 and 65% of full solar irradiance for 4 months. In four of the five species, maximum relative growth rates were observed at intermediate irradiances (30 and 40% of full sun). Slow-growing species had lower maximum electron transport rates (ETR(max)) than fast-growing species. A positive correlation between ETR(max) and maximum leaf hydraulic conductivity (K(L)) was found across species, suggesting that species-specific stem hydraulic capacity and photosynthetic capacity were linked. Species with relatively high growth rates, such as Cedrela fissilis Vell. , Patagonula americana L. and Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arrab. Ex Stend, exhibited increased K(L) and specific hydraulic conductivity (K(S)) with increased growth irradiance. In contrast, K(S) and K(L) did not vary with irradiance in the slower-growing and more shade-tolerant species Balfourodendron riedelianum (Engl.) Engl. and Lonchocarpus leucanthus Burkart, despite a relatively large irradiance-induced variation in ETR(max). A correlation between K(S) and ETR(max) was observed in fast-growing species in different light regimes, suggesting that they are capable of plastic changes in hydraulic architecture and increased water-transport efficiency in response to changes in light availability resulting from the creation of canopy gaps, which makes them more competitive in gaps and open habitats.
An Alternative to Traditional Mirror Therapy: Illusory Touch Can Reduce Phantom Pain When Illusory Movement Does Not

Objectives:There is evidence that amputation leads to cortical reorganization, and it has been suggested that phantom pain might be related to a consequently emerging incongruence of motor intention, somatosensation and visual feedback. One therapeutic approach that has the potential to temporarily resolve this visuo-proprioceptive dissociation is mirror therapy, during which amputees typically move their intact limb while observing its reflection in a mirror, which in turn evokes the illusory perception of movement of their phantom limb. However, while the action of moving the phantom relieves pain for some patients, it can actually increase cramping sensations in others. In the current study we therefore implemented an alternative version of the mirror therapy involving a visuotactile illusion, to explore whether it might be effective with amputees for whom the action of moving the phantom increases phantom pain. Methods:We recruited six upper limb amputees who had been previously exposed to the classical mirror therapy with no or limited success, and exposed them to two differential experimental conditions involving visualization paired with either illusory movement or illusory touch of the phantom hand. Results:While none of the participants benefitted from the movement condition, five participants showed a significant pain reduction during the stroking condition. Discussion:Albeit preliminary, our results represent an encouraging finding of possible future clinical relevance, and indicate that the type of multisensory stimulation that most efficiently reduces phantom pain can vary in different sub-populations of amputees.
Immunological study of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type 1a (HMSN1a)

Objectives: Fifty three patients were studied to investigate whether autoimmune or inflammatory mechanisms could explain the phenotypic heterogeneity of patients with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type 1a (HMSN1a). Methods: Serum samples were examined for antibodies to peripheral nerve myelin protein 22 (PMP22), ganglioside GM1 and cauda equina homogenate, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNF R1) concentrations. Serological results were compared with those from patients with other neuropathies (ONPs, n=30) and with normal subjects (n=51). Results: In the group as a whole, no relation emerged between clinical severity and any immune parameters. Immunohistochemical examination of four sural nerve biopsies did not show significant inflammatory infiltration. In a subset of 12 patients who experienced stepwise progression of disease, there was a trend towards a higher proportion having anti-PMP22 antibodies (33% v 15% of those with gradual disease progression, 3% ONPs, and no normal controls) and complement fixing antibodies to human cauda equina (25% v 5% with gradual progression, 8.6% ONPs, 3.9% normal controls, p=0.07). Conclusions: Patients with HMSN1a and a stepwise disease progression may have an inflammatory, autoimmune component superimposed on the genetic condition.
Improving Outcomes for Workers with Mental Retardation

This research presents an analysis of factors predicting job retention, job satisfaction, and job performance of workers with mental retardation. The findings highlight self-determination as a critical skill in predicting the three important employee outcomes. The study examined a hypothesized job retention model and the outcome of the three regression analyses used to test the model. The intent of the study was to develop job retention strategies that could offer rehabilitation and HR professionals a useful structure for understanding and implementing job retention interventions for people with mental retardation.
Idiopathic mucosal lesions of the arytenoid cartilages of 21 Thoroughbred yearlings: 1997-2001.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Mucosal ulcers and, occasionally, small granulomas on the axial surface of one or both arytenoid cartilages have been found in TB yearlings presented for post sale endoscopic examination. OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence, endoscopic characteristics and outcome of a group of Thoroughbred yearlings affected with mucosal ulcers and granulomas of the arytenoid cartilage. HYPOTHESIS The incidence of mucosal ulceration of the arytenoid cartilages of yearling Thoroughbreds is relatively high compared to other upper airway abnormalities; and that the majority of mucosal ulcers heal uneventfully, although a small percentage may progress to a granuloma and, less commonly, to arytenoid chondropathy. METHODS The findings of post sale, upper airway endoscopic examinations of 3312 Thoroughbred yearlings, during a 5 year period, were reviewed, including those abnormalities listed in the conditions of sale and others not listed but considered likely to cause airway obstruction. Information obtained from the medical record of horses that had mucosal ulceration or granuloma of the arytenoid cartilage included the location and size of the lesion(s), sex of the affected horse and the presence and nature of other concurrent abnormalities of the upper portion of the respiratory tract. Additional information included treatment and results of follow-up, endoscopic examination by the authors or attending veterinarian. RESULTS Mucosal lesions were seen in 0.63% of yearlings evaluated, which represented the most common, documented condition of the upper portion of the respiratory tract. The mucosal ulcers of 15 of 19 horses were considered to have healed without complication during follow-up examination; one of the 19 horses was lost to follow-up. Two horses affected with bilateral, arytenoid mucosal ulceration developed a granuloma at each site of ulceration. One horse developed a granuloma at a site of ulceration and, subsequently, arytenoid chondropathy. CONCLUSIONS Arytenoid mucosal ulceration in sales yearlings was a relatively commonly encountered abnormality and a small percentage progressed to granuloma or chondropathy. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE The mucosa of the arytenoid cartilage, particularly at the rostral margin of the vocal process, should be examined carefully during endoscopic examination of the upper portion of the respiratory tract of Thoroughbred yearlings presented for sale. Because a small percentage of mucosal ulcers may progress to granuloma or, less commonly, chondropathy, identification of mucosal ulcers of the arytenoid cartilage seen during post sale, endoscopic examination warrants notification to the purchaser and sales company. Medical therapy of affected horses should be considered and follow-up endoscopic examination performed to determine if the lesion has healed.
Outcomes of a Christian College Education: A Comparison of CCCU Students’ Gains to the National Aggregate

This study examined the patterns of college experiences and outcomes among 3,501 students attending colleges or universities that belong to the Council for Christian Colleges & Universities (CCCU). As part of the CCCU-sponsored Comprehensive Assessment Project (CAP), 25 member institutions collected data from their first-year students using the Freshman Survey from UCLA's Cooperative Institutional Research Project in 2004 and assessed those same students as seniors in 2008 using the College Senior Survey. The study analyzed the data and compared the findings with a national sample of private colleges during those same years. Although the results generally reflected gains over the four years of college in terms of students’ degree aspirations and social awareness, this positive change was more pronounced among the CCCU students compared to their national aggregate counterparts. In contrast, CCCU students appeared to have relatively fewer gains in their interpersonal abilities during college than did the national aggregate. In particular, CCCU students tended to be less engaged with their peers and less involved with diversity-related activities while in college than did the national aggregate. Additionally, while CCCU students had more informal and social interactions with faculty, they reported having lower levels of course- or research-related interaction with faculty than did their peers at other private institutions. A discussion of the association between specific college experiences and three college outcomes—academic self-esteem, interpersonal ability, and social awareness—concludes the article.
Aspects of Personality and Peer Relations of Extremely Talented Adolescents

Exceptionally gifted students may be at risk for problems in social and emotional development. To discover if peer relations are affected by type and/or amount of giftedness, extremely mathematically or verbally talented 13 year-olds (top 1 in 10,000) were compared to modestly gifted students (top 1 in 20) of similar age on measures of popularity and peer acceptance, participation in group activities, and personality traits. The verbatly or mathematically talented students were also contrasted on the same measures. Virtually no differences in group activities or personality traits were found. In their ratings of peer perceptions, the modestly gifted group exceeded the extremely gifted, especially the verbally gifted, in being considered athletic and popular, and in social standing. The modestly gifted also rated themselves as more extroverted, socially adept, and uninhibited. Perceptions of peer ratings of importance and acceptance were higher for the mathematically than the verbally gifted. Thus, extremely precocious adolescents, especially the verbally precocious, may be at greater risk for developing problems in peer relations than modestly gifted youth.
Social Achievement Goals, Efficacious Beliefs, and Math Performance in a Predominately African American High School

The study is the first to examine the relationship among students’ social achievement goals, self-efficacy, collective efficacy of classmates and teachers, and math performance. In addition, the study examined homophily, or the tendency for peer group members to hold similar beliefs, for social achievement goals, efficacious beliefs, and math performance. Participants were 210 students from a predominately African American high school. Boys’ social achievement goals predicted twice as much collective efficacy than girls’ social achievement goals. In addition, self-efficacy positively predicted math performance for girls, but not so for boys. Social achievement goal homophily was only present for girls. Self-efficacy and math performance homophily was present for both boys and girls.
Comparison of influencing factors on outcomes of single and multiple road traffic injuries: A regional study in Shanghai, China (2011-2014)

Introduction To identify key intervention factors and reduce road traffic injury (RTI)-associated mortality, this study compared outcomes and influencing factors of single and multiple road traffic injuries (RTIs) in Shanghai. Methods Based on the design of National Trauma Data Bank, this study collected demographic, injury, and outcome data from RTI patients treated at the four largest trauma centers in Shanghai from January 2011 to January 2015. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, univariate analysis, and hierarchical logistic regression analysis. Results Among 2397 participants, 59.4% had a single injury, and 40.6% had multiple injuries. Most patients’ outcome was cure or improvement. For single-RTI patients, length of stay, body region, central nervous system injury, acute renal failure, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, bacterial infection, and coma were significantly related to outcome. For multiple-RTI patients, age, admission pathway, prehospital time, length of stay, number of body regions, body region, injury condition, injury severity score, and coma were significantly related to outcome. Conclusions Emergency rescue in road traffic accidents should focus on high-risk groups (the elderly), high-incidence body regions (head, thorax, pelvis) and number of injuries, injury condition (central nervous system injury, coma, complications, admission pathway), injury severity (critically injured patients), and time factors (particularly prehospital time).
Improved drinking behaviour improves quality of life: a follow-up in alcohol-dependent subjects 7 years after treatment.

AIM The present study relates alcohol-dependent patients' Quality of Life (QoL) 7 years after treatment to drinking status as the conventional endpoint of trials. Potential moderating factors such as patients' smoking status, additional healthcare usage and stressful life events were accounted for. METHODS Seven years after being treated for alcoholism, n = 127 alcohol-dependent patients filled out the Munich List of Quality of Life Dimensions (MLDL), a generic QoL questionnaire and were re-examined in telephone interviews. Patients' drinking and smoking behaviours during the previous year and additional healthcare usage and whether or not they had experienced stressful life events during the whole follow-up period were assessed. RESULTS Patients reporting abstinence or improved drinking showed significantly higher QoL ratings than patients whose drinking had not improved. Smoking status had no significant effect on QoL. Patients who used additional healthcare during the follow-up period reported lower QoL. The same was true of those who had experienced stressful life events. CONCLUSIONS Improved drinking after a 7-year follow-up is associated with improved QoL even when considering other factors such as additional healthcare use and stressful life events. We conclude that QoL can be an additional endpoint in treatment trials.
Simplified and expanded input in a focused stimulation program for a child with expressive language delay (ELD)

There is considerable debate regarding the simplification of adults’ language when talking to young children with expressive language delays (ELD). While simplified input, also called telegraphic speech, is used by many parents and clinicians working with young children, its use has been discouraged in much of the clinical literature. In addition to the grammatical complexity of the input, the vocabulary presented to children with ELD must be carefully considered. A growing literature has documented the power of focused stimulation, where children hear a limited number of target words presented repeatedly. After a critical review of the language input and focused stimulation literatures, the performance of a child with ELD who completed two types of focused stimulation was reported; the child completed focused stimulation in a simplified condition where the clinician produced target words in 1—2-word phrases and in an expanded condition where the clinician produced target words in naturalistic speech.While the child mastered new vocabulary in both conditions, he acquired slightly more words in the simplified input condition. The child produced more total expressive language in the expanded input condition, revealing that modifications to examiner input also impacted the child’s pragmatic language use. Clinical implications and future research directions are discussed.
Motor Control and Motor Learning: Implications for Treatment of Individuals Post Stroke

Rehabilitation therapists are involved in teaching motor skills to clients after a stroke. Motor control and motor learning theories have contributed to the way rehabilitation therapists work with people who have experienced a stroke. This paper will review implications of motor control and motor learning on the treatment of individuals following a stroke. There has been a shift in the research away from reflex and hierarchical theories of motor control to a systems approach to therapy. As well, there are four factors that contribute to motor learning, including stages of learning, types of task, practice, and feedback. These factors as well as the environment must be considered for generalization of skills when treating clients post stroke.
Work-Family Conflict And Coping Strategies Adopted By Women In Academia

Work- family conflict and integration has been examined quite often in human resource management and industrial/organizational psychology literature. As employees attempt to balance work demands and family responsibilities, organizations will have to decide to what extent they will go to minimize this conflict. This study examined the kinds of work-family conflict experienced by female married professionals with children in both the academia and banking sector, and the coping strategies they had adopted. The academia and banking sector are traditionally known as a “male” field; hence women are not usually welcomed with open arms. The approach taken in this study was to conduct in-depth interviews with two hundred (200) female professionals in both the academia and banking sector. Six (6) universities (state, federal and private) were selected on one hand, and on the other hand, four (4) banks (both old and new generation) were also selected. The study focused especially on the experiences of academic women at both the junior and senior faculty levels of their careers on one hand, and women bankers at both the middle and top levels of their managerial cadres on the other hand. Several unsettled issues related to the day-to-day experience of work and family roles were investigated. How multiple role juggling, task demands, personal control, and goal progress affected mood in work and family roles. A ground theory analysis disclosed the centrality of conflicts between work and home roles in participants‟ account.
Sport Education: A Retrospective

Note: Presented at the 1998 AIESEP World Congress held at Adelphi University, Garden City, NY. My purpose is to provide a personal history of the development of the curriculum and instruction model I call Sport Education, to review some theoretical and practical connections of Sport Education to other curricular and instructional models, and to explore a few issues related to the continued development of the model. I’m grateful to the Adelphi AIESEP organizers for providing me the opportunity to do this. It was at the Adelphi AIESEP Congress in 1985 that I was first able to show what the Sport Education model looked like, using sides of 5thand 6th-grade children in a soccer season as the exemplar, so it is fitting that this personal retrospective is presented at this Congress.
Comparison of the Antibody Repertoire Generated in Healthy Volunteers following Immunization with a Monomeric Recombinant gp120 Construct Derived from a CCR5/CXCR4-Using Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolate with Sera from Naturally Infected Individuals

ABSTRACT We have characterized sera from healthy volunteers immunized with a monomeric recombinant gp120 (rgp120) derived from a CCR5/CXCR4 (R5X4)-using subtype B isolate of human immunodeficiency virus type (HIV-1), HIV-1W61D, in comparison to sera from long-term HIV-1-infected individuals, using homologous reagents. Sera from vaccinees and HIV-1 positive subjects had similar binding titers to native monomeric rgp120W61D and showed a similar titer of antibodies inhibiting the binding of soluble CD4 (sCD4) to rgp120W61D. However, extensive peptide binding studies showed that the overall pattern of recognition of vaccinee and HIV-1-positive sera is different, with vaccinee sera displaying a wider and more potent recognition of linear V1/V2 and V3 domain epitopes. Neutralization of homologous HIV-1W61D or heterologous HIV-1M2424/4 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived virus lines by vaccinee sera could be achieved, but only after adaptation of the viruses to T-cell lines and was quickly lost on readaptation to growth in PBMC. Sera from HIV-positive individuals were able to neutralize both PBMC-grown and T-cell line-adapted viruses. Interestingly, rgp120W61D was recognized by monoclonal antibodies previously shown to neutralize primary HIV-1 isolates. The use of very potent adjuvants and R5X4 rgp120 led to an antibody response equivalent in binding activity and inhibition of binding of sCD4 to gp120 to that of HIV-positive individuals but did not lead to the induction of antibodies capable of neutralizing PBMC-grown virus.