Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of cutting force and vibro-acoustic signals in tool wear monitoring based on multiple regression technique for compreg milling

This study focused on a computerised TCM (tool condition monitoring) system as a part of automated monitoring of the machining processes in the wood industry. The system’s principal task was to evaluate the actual state of tool wear without disrupting the normal course of machine tool exploitation for cutting force and vibro-acoustic signals analysis. During the experiment, five physical quantities that are generated during machining were measured and recorded: cutting forces in two directions (Fx, Fy), ultrasonic stress waves (acoustic emission – AE), acoustic pressure in the range of audible frequencies (noise – N), and acceleration of mechanical vibrations (V). Six pairs of tools were used in the experiment. One tool from each pair was experimental, the other was a control tool. Out of the five physical quantities generated during machining that were tested as an indirect source of information on the tool condition, signals of cutting forces and mechanical vibrations proved the most useful. Both acoustic emission and noise signals emerged as wholly inadequate as evidence to predict tool wear.
Sex-Related Differences in School and IQ Performance for Children with Low Birth Weight at Ages 10 and 13

This study was based on data from a longitudinal research program. The cohort consisted of normal children in an entire school grade, born in 1955, in a Swedish community. The aim of the present study was to investigate if the differences in long-term intellectual development for low versus normal birth weight (LBW/NBW) children, documented in earlier reports, was found for both boys and girls. Birth weight above and below 2,500 grams was compared with intellectual performance and school achievement (intelligence test scores, achievement test scores, and school grades) at ages 10 and 13 for LBW/NBW boys and girls separately. Differences in grades and scores reached statistical significance on most variables, but only for LBW/NBW girls. Thus, it appeared that LBW girls, but not LBW boys, suffered in their school performance.
The influence of eating behaviour traits on cognitive processing of obesity causes and food pictures.

Research has indicated an effect of obesity on cognitive performance but there has been limited research considering how individual differences in eating behaviour are related to variation in cognitive processes. Differences in cognitive performance influence an individual’s ability to undertake behaviour change or maintain healthy behaviours. This thesis addressed a current gap in the literature by assessing the effect of Restraint, Emotional and External eating behaviour on the cognitive processes involved in undertaking causal reasoning judgements and the inhibition of distraction by food images. Study 1 (N=176) examined how individual’s causal conditional reasoning (CCR) performance varied dependant on whether the reasoning tasks was based on general or obesity causal relationships. Participants made more accurate, logical reasoning decisions when undertaking obesity CCR tasks compared to general CCR tasks. However, individuals high in restraint did not show the same increase in reasoning ability for obesity tasks, but their performance for general tasks did not differ. Study 2 (N=110) replicated key findings however, increased levels of restraint were associated with detrimental CCR performance across both conditions. Study 3 (N=83) confirmed that a participants automatic belief in the causal relationships drove their CCR responses more than controlled, logical processing. Study 4 (N=31) was the first of three flanker studies examining ability to inhibit distraction by food pictures. Results showed emotional eaters were slower to respond to target pictures, with external eaters displaying a significant reduction in distraction for palatable flanking pictures. Study 5 (N=47) compared individual differences in cognitive control modulation (CCM) for food and non-food pictures. Results showed emotional and external eaters slower to respond to food pictures, with emotional eaters demonstrating significantly greater levels of CCM for food pictures only. Study 6 (N=48) found when required to simultaneously process food and non-food pictures, participants respond more strongly to differences in valence of target stimuli. In addition participants were more distracted when responding to sweet targets foods. In summary, the thesis suggest a relationship between eating behaviour traits and cognitive processing when undertaking causal reasoning and inhibiting distraction by food pictures. The synthesis of results indicates emotional and external eating behaviour influences automatic cognitive processes more strongly, with increased levels of restraint influential on controlled cognitive processes. The implications of findings on the design and implementation of behaviour change or maintenance programs is apparent.
Phonology in Second Language Reading: Not an Optional Extra

In examining reading comprehension in a second language (L2), I have demonstrated that the prevailing metaphor of transfer of skills is misleading, and that what happens is access to an already existing general cognitive skill. There is evidence in first language (L1) and in L2 that accessing this skill when reading in an alphabetic language involves efficient use of verbal working memory (VWM). This article reports a study of a component of VWM, the phonological loop, which serves to hold recently read material available in a phonological form. The study investigated whether the unreliability of learners' mental L2 phonological inventories contributed to reading comprehension problems. Lower intermediate learners with L2 reading comprehension problems attempted to recall similar and dissimilar sequences of words in L1 (French) and L2 (English). Their performance was consistent with their having unreliable L2 phonological inventories; their upper intermediate counterparts, who had no L2 reading comprehension problems, had significantly more reliable L2 phonological inventories. This finding has important implications for the classroom: Rather than attempting to teach components of a cognitive skill that learners already possess, teachers would do better to spend the equivalent time increasing exposure to the spoken language, and improving receptive and productive phonology.
Job satisfaction, blat and intentions to leave among blue-collar employees in contemporary Russia

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine antecedents of intentions to leave among blue-collar employees in domestic Russian organizations. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on a sample of 1,210 blue-collar employees in 80 domestic organizations across 14 industries and eight regions in Russia. Findings – The analysis shows that wage satisfaction is the strongest negative predictor of Russian employees’ intentions to leave compared to core job-related and interpersonal relations satisfaction. For non-blat employees, the relationships with intentions to leave are negative and significant for all three types of satisfactions, whereas for employees with blat only the relationship between core job-related satisfaction and intentions to leave is significant. Originality/value – The present study, first, reveals that wage satisfaction is the most important but not the only way to retain blue-collar employees in Russia and, second, points toward the complex nature of blat’s influence on em.
Comparison of forearm and upper arm blood pressures.

OBJECTIVE In the prehospital setting it is not always feasible to obtain blood pressure (BP) readings from the upper arm. This study was performed to compare BPs obtained from subjects' forearms and upper arms in order to assess the utility of forearm BP as a surrogate for standard BP. METHODS The authors performed a prospective, cross-sectional, convenience study in a sample of ambulatory university ED patients, where each subject had sequential determinations of left upper arm and forearm BPs with an automated monitor at ED triage. The order of measurement was determined by the day of the week. Demographic and clinical data were also recorded. The main outcome measure was the correlation between upper arm and forearm systolic and diastolic BPs. Pearson's correlation coefficient and Student's t-test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS 151 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 35.3+/-15.7 years; 40% were female and 78% were white. The mean forearm and upper arm systolic BPs were 129.8+/-20.7 mm Hg and 126.2+/-17.6 mm Hg (p = 0.002). The mean forearm and upper arm diastolic BPs were 80.7+/-14.5 mm Hg and 76.8+/-13.4 mm Hg (p<0.001). The correlations between forearm and upper arm systolic and diastolic BPs were 0.75 (p<0.001) and 0.72 (p<0.001). The differences between forearm and upper arm systolic and diastolic BPs were within 20 mm Hg in 86% and 94% of patients, respectively. CONCLUSION Forearm BP is a fairly good predictor of standard upper arm BP in most patients. Forearm BP may be used when measurement of upper arm BP is not feasible.
In Vitro Evaluation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Adipose Tissue as Potential Angiogenic Cell Sources for Bladder Angiogenesis

Autologous endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) might be alternative angiogenic cell sources for vascularization of tissue-engineered bladder, while isolation and culture of EPCs from peripheral blood in adult are usually time-consuming and highly inefficient. Recent evidence has shown that EPCs also exist in the adipose tissue. As adipose tissue is plentiful in the human body and can be easily harvested through a minimally invasive method, the aim of this study was to culture and characterize EPCs from adipose tissue (ADEPCs) and investigate their potential for the neovascularization of tissue-engineered bladder. Adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF) was isolated and used for the culture of ADEPCs and adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs). After SVF was cultured for one week, ADEPCs with typical cobblestone morphology emerged and could be isolated from ADSCs according to their different responses to trypsinization. Rat bladder smooth muscle cells (RBSMCs) were isolated and cultured from rat bladder. RBSMCs exhibited typical spindle-shaped morphology. ADEPCs had higher proliferative potential than ADSCs and RBSMCs. ADEPCs stained positive for CD34, Stro-1, VEGFR-2, eNOS and CD31 but negative for α-SMA, CD14 and CD45. ADSCs stained positive for CD34, Stro-1 and α-SMA but negative for VEGFR-2, eNOS, CD31, CD14 and CD45. RBSMCs stained only positive for α-SMA. ADEPCs could be expanded from a single cell at an early passage to a cell cluster containing more than 10,000 cells. ADEPCs were able to uptake DiI-Ac-LDL, bind UEA-1 and form capillary-like structures in three-dimensional scaffolds (Matrigel and bladder acellular matrix). ADEPCs were also able to enhance the human umbilical vein endothelial cells’ capability of capillary-like tube formation on Matrigel. Additionally, significantly higher levels of mRNA and protein of vascular endothelial growth factor were found in ADEPCs than in RBSMCs. These results suggest the potential use of ADEPCs as angiogenic cell sources for engineering bladder tissue.
Fuzzy framework for joint segmentation and registration of brain MRI with prior information

This paper introduces a fuzzy framework for the simultaneous segmentation and registration of MRI datasets. The framework utilizes prior information which may be available about the class center and class's pixels distribution through the datasets. The algorithm is evaluated using phantom and real medical MRI brain volume. The results show that the algorithm has considerable accuracy for segmentation and affine registration. The algorithm needs a small number of iterations to reach convergence compared with other similar algorithms.
Prognostic factors in victims of falls from height*

Objective:Falls from height cause significant mortality in the urban environment, but reliable prognostic factors have not been identified. Even the intuitive relation between the distance fallen and mortality rate has been questioned. Our objective was to determine factors predictive of increased mortality rate in victims of falls from height. Design:Clinical observational study, retrospective for January 1998 to May 1999 and prospective from June 1999 to September 2000. Setting:The study population was drawn from Seine-Saint-Denis, an urban region near Paris with 1.3 million inhabitants treated by a French out-of-hospital medical emergencies unit. Patients:Patients were victims of falls from height >3 m, age >12 yrs. Study entry was performed on the scene by an emergency physician from the medical emergencies unit. Interventions:None. Measurements and Main Results:Studied data included age, gender, circumstances of fall, height of fall, nature of the impact surface (soft or hard), transient impact preceding final impact, and part of the body touching the ground first. The primary end point was mortality. The study included 287 patients, 116 (40%) during the retrospective phase and 171 (60%) during the prospective phase. Ninety-seven patients (34%) ultimately died. In multivariate analysis, age (mean, 41.6 ± 16.6 yrs in patients who died vs. 34.9 ± 14.9 in survivors; odds ratio, 1.05; p < .0005); height of fall (median, 5.0; 3.8–8.0 vs. 2.0; 1.2–3.0 floors; odds ratio, 1.24; p < .0001); nature of the impact surface (hard in 39% vs. soft in 22%; odds ratio, 2.7; p < .05); and head, anterior, and lateral body surfaces touching the ground first (with respectively mortality rates of 44%, odds ratio, 16.7, p = .0001; 57%, odds ratio, 10.6, p < 0.005; 32%, odds ratio, 11.1, p < .001) were independently correlated with the final mortality rate. Conclusions:Patient age, height of fall, impact surface nature, and body part first touching the ground are independent prognostic factors in victims of falls from height.
Crystal structure and antiferromagnetic order in NdFeAsO1-xFx (x=0.0 and 0.2) superconducting compounds from neutron diffraction measurements.

The transition temperature T{C} approximately 26 K of the recently discovered superconductor LaFeAsO1-xFx is extremely sensitive to the lanthanide ion, reaching 55 K for the Sm containing oxypnictides. Therefore, it is important to determine how the moment on the lanthanide affects the overall magnetism in these systems. Here we report a neutron diffraction study of the Nd oxypnictides. Long-ranged antiferromagnetic order is apparent in NdFeAsO below 1.96 K. Rietveld refinement shows that both Fe and Nd magnetic ordering are required to describe the observed data with the staggered moment 1.55(4)micro{B}/Nd and 0.9(1)micro{B}/Fe at 0.3 K. The other structural properties such as the tetragonal-orthorhombic distortion are found to be very similar to those in LaFeAsO. Neither the magnetic ordering nor the structural distortion occur in the superconducting sample NdFeAsO0.80F0. 20 at any temperatures down to 1.5 K.
Na,K-ATPase Overexpression Improves Alveolar Fluid Clearance in a Rat Model of Elevated Left Atrial Pressure

Background—Acute elevation of left atrial pressure (LAP) increases extravascular water and impairs active Na+ transport in rat lungs. We have reported that overexpression of Na,K-ATPase subunit genes in the alveolar epithelium increases alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) in normal and injured rat lungs with normal LAP. We reasoned that adenovirus-mediated transfer of an Na,K-ATPase &bgr;-subunit gene to the alveolar epithelium could improve AFC in rat lungs in the presence of acutely elevated LAP. Methods and Results—Normal rats were infected with 4×109 plaque-forming units of E1a−/E3− recombinant adenoviruses that contained a cytomegalovirus promoter coupled to a rat Na,K-ATPase &bgr;1-subunit cDNA (ad&bgr;1) or no cDNA (adNull) 7 days before study. Na,K-ATPase &agr;1- and &bgr;1-subunit abundance in basolateral cell membranes isolated from the peripheral lung was significantly increased in ad&bgr;1-infected lungs compared with sham and adNull-infected controls. In all groups, elevation of LAP reduced membrane-bound Na,K-ATPase abundance; however, abundance in ad&bgr;1-infected lungs remained greater than in controls. AFC, measured with a fluid-filled isolated lung preparation in the presence of elevated LAP (15 cmH2O), in Na,K-ATPase &bgr;1-subunit-overexpressing lungs was up to 100% greater than in controls and was not different from rats studied at normal LAP (0 cmH2O). Conclusions—These data suggest that alveolar overexpression of an Na,K-ATPase &bgr;1-subunit can counteract downregulation of membrane-bound solute transporters owing to elevated pulmonary vascular pressures and can restore active Na+ transport and AFC in this rat model of acute hydrostatic pulmonary edema.
On the inverse problem for a size-structured population model

We consider a size-structured model for cell division and address the question of determining the division (birth) rate from the measured stable size distribution of the population. We formulate such a question as an inverse problem for an integro-differential equation posed on the half line. We develop firstly a regular dependence theory for the solution in terms of the coefficients and, secondly, a novel regularization technique for tackling this inverse problem which takes into account the specific nature of the equation. Our results also rely on generalized relative entropy estimates and related Poincaré inequalities.
The Isoflavone Equol Mediates Rapid Vascular Relaxation

We recently reported that soy isoflavones increase gene expression of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) and antioxidant defense enzymes, resulting in improved endothelial function and lower blood pressure in vivo. In this study, we establish that equol (1-100 nm) causes acute endothelium- and nitric oxide (NO)-dependent relaxation of aortic rings and rapidly (2 min) activates eNOS in human aortic and umbilical vein endothelial cells. Intracellular Ca2+ and cyclic AMP levels were unaffected by treatment (100 nm, 2 min) with equol, daidzein, or genistein. Rapid phosphorylation of ERK1/2, protein kinase B/Akt, and eNOS serine 1177 by equol was paralleled by association of eNOS with heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and NO synthesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, expressing estrogen receptors (ER)α and ERβ. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and ERK1/2 inhibited eNOS activity, whereas pertussis toxin and the ER antagonists ICI 182,750 and tamoxifen had negligible effects. Our findings provide the first evidence that nutritionally relevant plasma concentrations of equol (and other soy protein isoflavones) rapidly stimulate phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, leading to the activation of NOS and increased NO production at resting cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Identification of the nongenomic mechanisms by which equol mediates vascular relaxation provides a basis for evaluating potential benefits of equol in the treatment of postmenopausal women and patients at risk of cardiovascular disease.
Evaluation of Three Immunoassays Used for Detection of Anti-Rubella Virus Immunoglobulin M Antibodies

ABSTRACT Three automated assays (Abbott AxSYM, Bayer ADVIA Centaur, and bioMerieux VIDAS) used for the detection of rubella virus-specific immunoglobulin M were evaluated. A total of 57 samples from individuals with evidence of infection with rubella virus were used to estimate sensitivity, and 220 samples from blood donors and individuals attending an antenatal clinic who had no evidence of recent infection were used to estimate specificity. Seroconversion panels comprising an additional 31 samples from four individuals were used to determine clinical sensitivity. Samples containing potentially cross-reacting substances were also tested. The sensitivities of the three assays ranged from 84.2 to 96.5%, and the specificities ranged from 96.8 to 99.9%. The Abbott AxSYM assay detected more reactive samples than the other two assays when a panel of 57 positive samples was tested. Bayer ADVIA Centaur detected more reactive samples in the seroconversion panels than the other two assays. All three assays evaluated reported a reactive result in 1 or more of the 48 samples containing potentially cross-reacting analytes. The assays demonstrated comparable performance in testing of a well-characterized panel of samples.
Equilibrium Analysis of Markup Pricing Strategies Under Power Imbalance and Supply Chain Competition

This study uses a game-theory-based analytical model to examine the consequences of two markup pricing schemes, fixed-dollar markup and percentage markup, in a supply chain-to-chain competition setting with power imbalance between dominant retailers. Our results show that the equilibrium pricing strategy depends on the level of supply chain-to-chain competition. Specifically, if the level of supply chain competition is not sufficiently high, the equilibrium pricing strategy for the two retailers will be the one in which both retailers choose to adopt the percentage markup pricing policy, i.e., the [PP] strategy. Unfortunately, this equilibrium will lead the retailers into the prisoner's dilemma in some common situations. However, if the level of competition is extremely high, the equilibrium pricing strategy will be that where the leader (Retailer 1) chooses the percentage markup pricing policy and the follower (Retailer 2) selects the fixed-dollar markup pricing policy, i.e., the [PF] strategy. This equilibrium pricing strategy always hurts Manufacturer 1, but might benefit Manufacturer 2 when the level of competition exceeds a certain threshold. From the perspective of the end-consumers, they prefer the level of competition to be kept below a certain threshold such that the [PP] strategy becomes the equilibrium pricing strategy because this equilibrium leads to the lowest retail prices. Furthermore, our results show that Retailer 1 suffers a first-mover disadvantage even under a linear demand curve, and this situation cannot be alleviated by abandoning its price-leader position to share power equally with Retailer 2.
THE ECONOMIC SOCIOLOGY OF CONVENTIONS: Habit, Custom, Practice, and Routine in Market Order

▪ Abstract Economic sociology and economics have tried to explain the organization and stability of market capitalism mostly by arguing for the effects of social structure on the patterning of relations, or for the role of the price system in balancing the demands of individual economic actors. In North America, the primary alternative to structural and individualist theories of market order has been network theory, a meso-level attempt to bridge over- and undersocialized views of actors. In Europe, the primary attempt to develop more realistic economics has centered on the role of conventions in shaping economic activity. We describe theories of market order, show how convention theory and related approaches represent a novel alternative, and suggest how convention theory can supplement network theory and institutional approaches to understanding market order.