Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ДИАГНОСТИКА И КОРРЕКЦИЯ КОГНИТИВНЫХ НАРУШЕНИЙ У ДЕТЕЙ С ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯМИ ЧЕРЕПНО-МОЗГОВОЙ ТРАВМЫ

The article is dedicated to the relevant aspects of complex diagnosis and treatment of cognitive disorders in children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury (TBI) sequelae in the long term. Traumatic brain injury is one of the most important issues of the modern neuroscience due to high incidence rate and incapacitation severity. A steady increase in TBI sequelae, many of which are cognitive disorders (cerebro-asthenic and psychoorganic syndromes, post‑traumatic dementia) accompanied by various symptoms of vegetative dysfunction syndrome, has been observed in children in the recent years. The factors affecting severity of TBI sequelae in children are severity of the injury, age at the injury, time elapsed since the injury and localization of the lesion. Disturbances of memory and attention (75%), hand-eye coordination, cerebro-asthenic disorders (88%) and chronic headaches (95%) are prevalent in the structure of cognitive disorders after a minor TBI. Severer cognitive dysfunctions accompanied by pathological neurological symptoms resulting in difficulties in learning, self‑service and negatively affecting social adaptation in general are observed in 94-100% of the children having suffered moderate or severe TBI. The article discusses the modern methods of complex diagnosis and pathogenetically substantiated techniques of drug therapy of cognitive disorders in patients with traumatic brain injury sequelae in detail.
Anonymous authentication and secure communication protocol for wireless mobile ad hoc networks

The main characteristic of a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is its infrastructure-less, highly dynamic topology, which is subject to malicious traffic analysis. Malicious intermediate nodes in MANETs are a threat concerning security as well as anonymity of exchanged information. In this paper, we propose an anonymous on-demand routing protocol, called RINOMO, to protect anonymity and achieve security of nodes in MANETs. After successful authentication of the legitimate nodes in the network they can use their pseudo IDs for secure communication. Pseudo IDs of the nodes are generated considering pairing-based cryptography. Nodes can generate their pseudo IDs independently and dynamically without consulting with system administrator. As a result, RINOMO reduces pseudo IDs maintenance costs. Only trust-worthy nodes are allowed to take part in routing to discover a route. To ensure trustiness each node has to make authentication to its neighbors through the designed anonymous authentication process. Thus, RINOMO safely communicates between nodes without disclosing node identities. It also provides different desirable anonymous properties such as identity privacy, location privacy, route anonymity, and robustness against several attacks. Mathematical analysis of privacy loss is also evaluated and it shows there is no loss of privacy with respect to time. Thus, RINOMO is an anonymous robust protocol in MANETs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correction for “ Regulation of bone remodeling by vasopressin explains the bone loss in hyponatremia

MEDICAL SCIENCES Correction for “Regulation of bone remodeling by vasopressin explains the bone loss in hyponatremia,” by Roberto Tamma, Li Sun, Concetta Cuscito, Ping Lu, Michelangelo Corcelli, Jianhua Li, Graziana Colaianni, Surinder S. Moonga, Adriana Di Benedetto, Maria Grano, Silvia Colucci, Tony Yuen, Maria I. New, Alberta Zallone, and Mone Zaidi, which appeared in issue 46, November 12, 2013, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (110:18644–18649; first published October 28, 2013; 10.1073/pnas.1318257110). The authors note that Fig. 1 appeared incorrectly. The corrected figure and its legend appear below.
Achievement goals and causal attributions of students with characteristics of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism

ACHIEVEMENT GOALS AND CAUSAL ATTRIBUTIONS OF STUDENTS WITH CHARACTERISTICS OF GRANDIOSE AND VULNERABLE NARCISSISM Matthew John Cardinale, PhD Fordham University, New York, 2014 Mentor: Abigail M. Harris, PhD Recent evidence suggests a rise in incidence of narcissistic traits in younger populations including traits associated with both grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Individuals exhibiting the traits associated with these two subtypes have been shown to react differently in specific situations and to specific outcomes. The current study compared the attributions for success and failure made by young individuals evidencing a range of traits associated with subclinical grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Two hundred and two participants, ranging in age from 18 to 23, were provided with a randomly assigned mastery or performance task and experienced success or failure outcomes. Results indicated that traits associated with subclinical grandiose and vulnerable narcissism were not related statistically to causal attributions of locus of causality or stability following success or failure. Mastery and performance tasks were also not predictive of different causal attributions for vulnerable and grandiose narcissistically organized individuals experiencing success or failure. A limitation of the current study included inadequate internal consistency of the Narcissism Personality Inventory-16 and the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale which may have contributed to the lack of significant findings. Further research is needed to determine the potential relationships between subtypes of narcissism, achievement goals, and causal attributions.
The Clinical Differences between Urgent Visits and Non-Urgent Visits in Emergency Department During the Neonatal Period

As neonates are brought to the emergency department (ED) for various complaints, it is challenging for emergency physicians to clinically determine the urgency of the visit. We sought to explore clinical characteristics associated with urgent visits to the ED. We conducted a retrospective study by reviewing medical records of neonatal visits to a tertiary pediatric regional emergency center for 5 years. Cases of patients who were discharged after checking only chest or abdominal X-ray or discharged without workup, were classified as non-urgent visits. Cases where more examinations were performed, or when the patient was hospitalized, were classified as urgent visits. Various clinical features and process in the ED were compared between the groups. Of the 1,008 cases enrolled in this study, 856 (84.9%) were urgent and 152 (15.1%) were non-urgent visits. After adjustment by multiple logistic regression analysis, non-urgent visits were associated with self-referrals rather than physician-referrals (odds ratio [OR], 5.96), visits in the evening rather than at night or daytime (OR, 2.51), patient visits from home rather than from medical facilities (OR, 2.19; 95). Fever and jaundice were the most common complaints (25.7% and 24.5%, respectively), and their OR of non-urgent visit was relatively low (adjusted OR 0.03 and 0.03, respectively). However, other common complaints, such as vomiting and cough (7.4% and 7.1%, respectively), were more likely to be non-urgent visits (adjusted OR 2.96 and 9.83, respectively). For suspected non-urgent visits, emergency physicians need to try to reduce unnecessary workup and shorten length of stay in ED.
Hyperbolicity and kinematic waves of a class of multi-population partial differential equations

This paper studies many fundamental aspects of a newly proposed multi-class traffic flow model. For the first time it presents a complete discussion on the hyperbolicity of the system; and based upon this, the admissible waves of the Riemann problem are deeply investigated. Many important conclusions are made in discussions, and the related physical meanings are interpreted. For the confirmation of main conclusions, numerical examples are given at the end.
Behaviour of human osteoblastic cells cultured on plasma-sprayed titanium implants in the presence of nicotine.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to analyse the behaviour of human bone marrow osteoblastic cells cultured on the surface of routinely used plasma-sprayed titanium implants in the presence of plasmatic and salivary nicotine levels reported in smokers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human bone marrow cells (first subculture) were seeded on titanium implants and cultured for 35 days in alpha-minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum, 50 microg/ml ascorbic acid, 10 mM beta-glycerophosphate and 10 nM dexamethasone. Seeded implants were exposed to nicotine, 10-1 mg/ml, from days 1 to 35, and characterized for cell morphology, viability/proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and matrix mineralization. RESULTS Low levels of nicotine, 10 and 50 ng/ml, representative of the plasma concentrations reported in smokers, did not cause significant effects in the cell behaviour, although a small induction in cell growth and functional activity appeared to occur. Higher nicotine levels, 0.01-1 mg/ml, within those attained in saliva through tobacco use, caused evident dose-dependent effects in osteoblastic cell behaviour, i.e., a stimulatory effect in cell growth, ALP activity and matrix mineralization, at concentrations up to 0.2 mg/ml, and a deleterious effect at higher levels. CONCLUSIONS Considering the high tissue diffusion potential of nicotine, the results suggest the possibility of a direct modulation of the osteoblast activity as a contributing factor to the overall effect of nicotine in the bone microenvironment around dental implants.
Main and Interaction Effects of Metallic Pollutants on Cognitive Functioning

The present study investigated possible relationships of metal levels and metal combinations with children's cognitive functioning. Hair-metal concentrations of lead, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, and aluminum were determined in 69 randomly selected elementary age children. They were also administered the Wide Range Achievement Test reading and spelling tests and the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test. Parents of subjects were interviewed to control for confounding variables that may affect cognitive development. Regression data indicated that increases in arsenic and the interaction of arsenic with lead were significantly related to decreased reading and spelling achievement, and increases in aluminum and the interaction of aluminum with lead were significantly related to decreased visual-motor performance. A continuing reexamination of metal poisoning concentrations is needed, because metal levels and metal combinations previously thought harmless may be associated with cognitive deficits.
Cosine Efficiency Distribution of Heliostats Field of Solar Thermal Power Tower Plants

Mathematical model of cosine efficiency of heliostats field of solar thermal power tower plants was established, while the distribution of cosine efficiency of traditional and rotating heliostats field for latitude of 40.4deg in the northern hemisphere defined by essential staggering layout with no blocking radial spacing was analyzed. The results show that, at given condition, the incident angles for traditional tracking heliostats during equinox are comparatively smaller, and from 8 a.m. to 16 p.m. , the zone of higher cosine efficiency moves from northwest side to northeast side, and the distribution at 12 o'clock is quite similar to that of the average level of whole working hours, choosing equinox noon as layout point for the traditional heliostats field is therefore a good first choice. However, the rotating heliostats field is more powerful in concentrating solar energy for higher cosine efficiency at almost any individual hours than that of the traditional field. While in common, the average cosine efficiency distribution of the traditional and rotational field is symmetrical along the north direction to the tower, while the collective performance is better for those heliostats with less azimuthal angles and with shorter distance to the receiver. Based on this principle, placement and maintenance strategy of heliostats should be made so as to collect more solar energy.
Mechanism of antifoaming action of simethicone

The mechanism of the foam‐inhibiting action of simethicone, mainly used against flatulence, has been studied. Its effect on foaming systems containing synthetic gastric juice and a surface‐active substance (anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, soap solution) was quantitated by measuring the surface tension, foam stability and initial foam density. The effect of simethicone on each of the examined systems was the result of the combination of two actions: the drainage of liquid from foam films and the rupture of relatively thick liquid films. The mechanism of these actions may be described as the liquid drainage followed by bridging of the liquid film by polydimethylsiloxane droplets, helped by hydrophobic silica particles also present in the antifoaming agent, leading to the rupture of the film surface and air escape.
Video Fill In the Blank Using LR/RL LSTMs with Spatial-Temporal Attentions

Given a video and a description sentence with one missing word, “source sentence”, Video-Fill-In-the-Blank (VFIB) problem is to find the missing word automatically. The contextual information of the sentence, as well as visual cues from the video, are important to infer the missing word accurately. Since the source sentence is broken into two fragments: the sentence’s left fragment (before the blank) and the sentence’s right fragment (after the blank), traditional Recurrent Neural Networks cannot encode this structure accurately because of many possible variations of the missing word in terms of the location and type of the word in the source sentence. For example, a missing word can be the first word or be in the middle of the sentence and it can be a verb or an adjective. In this paper, we propose a framework to tackle the textual encoding: Two separate LSTMs (the LR and RL LSTMs) are employed to encode the left and right sentence fragments and a novel structure is introduced to combine each fragment with an external memory corresponding to the opposite fragments. For the visual encoding, end-to-end spatial and temporal attention models are employed to select discriminative visual representations to find the missing word. In the experiments, we demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method on challenging VFIB problem. Furthermore, we introduce an extended and more generalized version of VFIB, which is not limited to a single blank. Our experiments indicate the generalization capability of our method in dealing with such more realistic scenarios.
Nutrition and prevention of Alzheimer’s dementia

A nutritional approach to prevent, slow, or halt the progression of disease is a promising strategy that has been widely investigated. Much epidemiologic data suggests that nutritional intake may influence the development and progression of Alzheimer’s dementia (AD). Modifiable, environmental causes of AD include potential metabolic derangements caused by dietary insufficiency and or excess that may be corrected by nutritional supplementation and or dietary modification. Many nutritional supplements contain a myriad of health promoting constituents (anti-oxidants, vitamins, trace minerals, flavonoids, lipids, …etc.) that may have novel mechanisms of action affecting cellular health and regeneration, the aging process itself, or may specifically disrupt pathogenic pathways in the development of AD. Nutritional modifications have the advantage of being cost effective, easy to implement, socially acceptable and generally safe and devoid of significant adverse events in most cases. Many nutritional interventions have been studied and continue to be evaluated in hopes of finding a successful agent, combination of agents, or dietary modifications that can be used for the prevention and or treatment of AD. The current review focuses on several key nutritional compounds and dietary modifications that have been studied in humans, and further discusses the rationale underlying their potential utility for the prevention and treatment of AD.
Changes in Bone Mineral Density After 96 Weeks of Treatment With Atazanavir/Ritonavir or Lopinavir/Ritonavir Plus Tenofovir DF/Emtricitabine in Treatment-Naive Patients With HIV-1 Infection: The CASTLE Body Composition Substudy

Abstract:Antiretroviral therapy initiation is associated with declines in bone mineral density (BMD), which seem greatest with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF)–containing regimens. Data comparing protease inhibitors are limited. This CASTLE substudy compared paired baseline with week 96 BMD in patients initiating tenofovir DF/emtricitabine plus atazanavir/ritonavir (n = 106) vs lopinavir/ritonavir (n = 70). In both groups, week 96 BMD declined significantly in arm, leg, trunk, and total body regions. Atazanavir/ritonavir was associated with smaller 96-week trunk and total body BMD declines compared with lopinavir/ritonavir [multivariate-adjusted least squares mean difference +2.00% (95% confidence interval: 0.52 to 3.45; P = 0.008) and +1.24% (95% confidence interval: 0.13 to 2.35; P = 0.029), respectively]. In addition, low baseline CD4 cell count (<50 cells per microliter) and increasing age were associated with larger declines in BMD.
The re-assessment of the Australian Perceived Discrimination Scale : confirmatory factor analysis testing and between scale comparisons

With the recent formulation of a three factor Perceived Discrimination Scale (PDS) by Bodkin-Andrews, Craven and Marsh (2004) revealing an unacceptably high correlation between individual and institutional discrimination factors; this paper will present a rationale for a new two-factor understanding of perceived discrimination that will consist of measures of perceived discrimination at the individual (e.g. name calling) and macro (e.g. wider social attitudes) levels. Thirdly, by including the Personal/Group Discrimination Scale (PGDS) by Operario and Fiske (2001), an opportunity will be provided to examine the external validity of the PDS in comparison to a previously utilized discrimination measure. Finally, what relation perceived discrimination might have with multiple motivational constructs, as captured by Martin’s (2004) Student Motivation and Engagement Scale (SMES) will be examined. It is hoped that the re-development of this scale will provide a robust measure for future perceived discrimination research within the Australian educational setting.
Quercetin ameliorates tunicamycin‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in endothelial cells

Endothelial dysfunction highlights that it is a potential contributor in the pathogenesis of vascular complications arising from endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and has been emerging as a main causative factor in vascular failure. Here, we hypothesize that the natural flavonoid, quercetin plays an effective role in reducing ER stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Recognizing Image Style

The style of an image plays a significant role in how it is viewed, but style has received little attention in computer vision research. We describe an approach to predicting style of images, and perform a thorough evaluation of different image features for these tasks. We find that features learned in a multi-layer network generally perform best -- even when trained with object class (not style) labels. Our large-scale learning methods results in the best published performance on an existing dataset of aesthetic ratings and photographic style annotations. We present two novel datasets: 80K Flickr photographs annotated with 20 curated style labels, and 85K paintings annotated with 25 style/genre labels. Our approach shows excellent classification performance on both datasets. We use the learned classifiers to extend traditional tag-based image search to consider stylistic constraints, and demonstrate cross-dataset understanding of style.
Community Shifts in the Surface Microbiomes of the Coral Porites astreoides with Unusual Lesions

Apical lesions on Porites astreoides were characterized by the appearance of a thin yellow band, which was preceded by bleaching of the coral tissues and followed by a completely denuded coral skeleton, which often harbored secondary macroalgal colonizers. These characteristics have not been previously described in Porites and do not match common Caribbean coral diseases. The lesions were observed only in warmer months and at shallow depths on the fore reef in Belize. Analysis of the microbial community composition based on the V4 hypervariable region of 16S ribosomal RNA genes revealed that the surface microbiomes associated with nonsymptomatic corals were dominated by the members of the genus Endozoicomonas, consistent with other studies. Comparison of the microbiomes of nonsymptomatic and lesioned coral colonies sampled in July and September revealed two distinct groups, inconsistently related to the disease state of the coral, but showing some temporal signal. The loss of Endozoicomonas was characteristic of lesioned corals, which also harbored potential opportunistic pathogens such as Alternaria, Stenotrophomonas, and Achromobacter. The presence of lesions in P. astreoides coincided with a decrease in the relative abundance of Endozoicomonas, rather than the appearance of specific pathogenic taxa.
Random Pairwise Gossip on Hadamard manifolds

In the context of sensor networks, the consensus problem is an important problem. The goal is to find a distributed algorithm to reach a consensus, i.e. some common value shared by all the agents in the network. Such a well known algorithm is the so-called Random Pairwise Gossip (RPG) [BGPS06]. This algorithm relies on pairwise arithmetic averages. Therefore, it does not apply to some situations of interest where computing arithmetic averages is meaningless. For instance, consensus on axis orientation, or subspace tracking, or camera position, cannot be addressed by RPG. However, all these cases exhibit a common underlying structure: the data belong to some Riemannian manifold [DC92]. The goal of this paper is to adapt the RPG algorithm to the Riemannian manifolds framework. Replacing arithmetic average by midpoints for the metric is a natural idea, promoted in this paper. However, due to curvature, and contrarily to the Euclidean case, convergence is no more guaranteed. However, we show that under suitable curvature assumptions - namely, nonpositive curvature - convergence can still be ensured. Numerical experiments validate our approach.