Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic threshold pass-transistor logic for improved delay at lower power supply voltages

We have investigated circuit options to surpass the 1 V power-supply limitation predicted by traditional scaling guidelines. By modulating the body bias, we can dynamically adjust the threshold voltage to have different on- and off-state values. Several dynamic threshold voltage MOSFET (DTMOS) logic styles were analyzed for ultralow-power use-from 1.5 down to 0.5 V. Since ordinary pass-transistor logic degrades as the voltages are reduced, we investigated the effects that a dynamic threshold has on various styles of pass-transistor logic. Three different pass-transistor restoration schemes were simulated with the various DTMOS techniques. Results indicate that controlling the body bias can provide a substantial speed increase and that such techniques are useful over a large range of supply voltages. Process complexity and other tradeoffs associated with DTMOS logic variations are also discussed.
Cutting Gordian Knots

The positive role of secure attachment in reducing intergroup biases has been suggested in prior studies. We extend this work by testing the effects of secure attachment primes on negative emotions and aggressive behaviors toward outgroup members across four experiments. Results from Studies 1A and 1B reveal that secure attachment prime, relative to neutral, can reduce negative outgroup emotions. In addition, Studies 1B and 3 results rule out positive mood increase as an alternative explanation for the observed effects. Results from Studies 2 and 3 reveal that secure attachment primes can reduce aggressive behavior toward an outgroup member. The effect of secure attachment primes on outgroup harm was found to be fully mediated by negative emotions in Studies 2 and 3. An interaction between secure attachment primes and ingroup identification in Study 2 indicated that the positive effects of secure attachment in reducing outgroup harm may be especially beneficial for highly identified ingroup members.
Variations in colistin susceptibility among different species of the genus Acinetobacter.

nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol and sulfamethoxazole. 12 This study is the first report of a P. stutzeri isolate exhibiting fluoroquinolone resistance that was related at least to mutations in gyrA and parC topoisomerase genes. References 1 Grimaldi D, Podglajen I, Aubert A et al. Case of indolent endocarditis due to Pseudomonas stutzeri with genetic evidence of relapse after 4 years. 6 Mammeri H, Poirel L, Mangeney N et al. Chromosomal integration of a cephalosporinase gene from Acinetobacter baumannii into Oligella urethralis as a source of acquired resistance to b-lactams. 8 Poirel L, Rodriguez-Martinez JM, Al Naiemi N et al. Characterization of bla DIM-1 , a novel integron-located metallo-b-lactamase gene from a Pseudomonas stutzeri clinical isolate in the Netherlands. 9 Akasaka T, Tanaka M, Yamaguchi A et al. Type II topoisomerase mutations in fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in 1998 and 1999: role of target enzyme in mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance. 11 Miro E, Verges C, Garcia I et al. Resistance to quinolones and b-lactams in Salmonella enterica due to mutations in topoisomerase-encoding genes, altered cell permeability and expression of an active efflux system. 12 Jude F, Arpin C, Brachet-Castang C et al. TbtABM, a multidrug efflux pump associated with tributyltin resistance in Pseudomonas stutzeri. Sir, Bacteria of the genus Acinetobacter with Acinetobacter baumannii in particular have emerged as important nosocomial pathogens, especially for patients in intensive care. 1 A. baumannii has a remarkable capacity to develop resistance to all clinically relevant antimicrobial agents. Strains of this species resistant to most available agents are encountered in hospitals worldwide. The recent spread of carbapenem resistance has drastically narrowed options for treatment of A. baumannii infections and has led to the reintroduction of polymyxins with colistin in particular for the systemic treatment of infections caused by these bacteria. 1 Even though A. baumannii is clinically and epidemiologically the most important species of the genus, other Acinetobacter species have also been implicated in human infections and strains of some of these species may also be multidrug resistant combined with the ability to spread among hospitalized patients. 1 Currently, 22 species with valid names and at least 11 additional putative species are recognized within the genus with as many as 25 of them having been found in human specimens. 1,2 However, the identification of Acinetobacter species in diagnostic laboratories is cumbersome owing to the lack of practical diagnostic systems providing reliable identification of these …
Loitering of the retreating sea ice edge in the Arctic Seas

Abstract Each year, the arctic sea ice edge retreats from its winter maximum extent through the Seasonal Ice Zone (SIZ) to its summer minimum extent. On some days, this retreat happens at a rapid pace, while on other days, parts of the pan‐arctic ice edge hardly move for periods of days up to 1.5 weeks. We term this stationary behavior “ice edge loitering,” and identify areas that are more prone to loitering than others. Generally, about 20–25% of the SIZ area experiences loitering, most often only one time at any one location during the retreat season, but sometimes two or more times. The main mechanism controlling loitering is an interaction between surface winds and warm sea surface temperatures in areas from which the ice has already retreated. When retreat happens early enough to allow atmospheric warming of this open water, winds that force ice floes into this water cause melting. Thus, while individual ice floes are moving, the ice edge as a whole appears to loiter. The time scale of loitering is then naturally tied to the synoptic time scale of wind forcing. Perhaps surprisingly, the area of loitering in the arctic seas has not changed over the past 25 years, even as the SIZ area has grown. This is because rapid ice retreat happens most commonly late in the summer, when atmospheric warming of open water is weak. We speculate that loitering may have profound effects on both physical and biological conditions at the ice edge during the retreat season.
Raltegravir with optimized background therapy for resistant HIV-1 infection.

BACKGROUND Raltegravir (MK-0518) is an inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase active against HIV-1 susceptible or resistant to older antiretroviral drugs. METHODS We conducted two identical trials in different geographic regions to evaluate the safety and efficacy of raltegravir, as compared with placebo, in combination with optimized background therapy, in patients infected with HIV-1 that has triple-class drug resistance in whom antiretroviral therapy had failed. Patients were randomly assigned to raltegravir or placebo in a 2:1 ratio. RESULTS In the combined studies, 699 of 703 randomized patients (462 and 237 in the raltegravir and placebo groups, respectively) received the study drug. Seventeen of the 699 patients (2.4%) discontinued the study before week 16. Discontinuation was related to the study treatment in 13 of these 17 patients: 7 of the 462 raltegravir recipients (1.5%) and 6 of the 237 placebo recipients (2.5%). The results of the two studies were consistent. At week 16, counting noncompletion as treatment failure, 355 of 458 raltegravir recipients (77.5%) had HIV-1 RNA levels below 400 copies per milliliter, as compared with 99 of 236 placebo recipients (41.9%, P<0.001). Suppression of HIV-1 RNA to a level below 50 copies per milliliter was achieved at week 16 in 61.8% of the raltegravir recipients, as compared with 34.7% of placebo recipients, and at week 48 in 62.1% as compared with 32.9% (P<0.001 for both comparisons). Without adjustment for the length of follow-up, cancers were detected in 3.5% of raltegravir recipients and in 1.7% of placebo recipients. The overall frequencies of drug-related adverse events were similar in the raltegravir and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS In HIV-infected patients with limited treatment options, raltegravir plus optimized background therapy provided better viral suppression than optimized background therapy alone for at least 48 weeks. (ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00293267 and NCT00293254.)
Visual Landmark Information Gains Control of the Head Direction Signal at the Lateral Mammillary Nuclei

The neural representation of directional heading is conveyed by head direction (HD) cells located in an ascending circuit that includes projections from the lateral mammillary nuclei (LMN) to the anterodorsal thalamus (ADN) to the postsubiculum (PoS). The PoS provides return projections to LMN and ADN and is responsible for the landmark control of HD cells in ADN. However, the functional role of the PoS projection to LMN has not been tested. The present study recorded HD cells from LMN after bilateral PoS lesions to determine whether the PoS provides landmark control to LMN HD cells. After the lesion and implantation of electrodes, HD cell activity was recorded while rats navigated within a cylindrical arena containing a single visual landmark or while they navigated between familiar and novel arenas of a dual-chamber apparatus. PoS lesions disrupted the landmark control of HD cells and also disrupted the stability of the preferred firing direction of the cells in darkness. Furthermore, PoS lesions impaired the stable HD cell representation maintained by path integration mechanisms when the rat walked between familiar and novel arenas. These results suggest that visual information first gains control of the HD cell signal in the LMN, presumably via the direct PoS → LMN projection. This visual landmark information then controls HD cells throughout the HD cell circuit.
Technology Adoption by Groups: A Valence Perspective

While past research has contributed to an understanding of how organizations or individuals adopt technologies, little is known about how such adoption occurs in groups. Given the widespread acknowledgment that organizations are moving to group-based structures and that groups often utilize technologies for performing their tasks, it is critical that we understand how such collective social entities adopt technologies. Such an understanding can better guide investment and implementation decisions. In this paper, we draw on existing literature about groups, technology characteristics, and valence to conceptualize a model of technology adoption by groups (referred to as the TAG model). We view the TAG phenomenon as a process of communication and negotiation in which analytically distinct factors-such as the individual members’ a priori attitudes toward the technology, the majority subgroup’s opinion, high-status members’ opinions, substantive conflict, and relevant characteristics of the technology play an important role. We develop several theoretical propositions regarding the nature of the contribution of these factors toward an adoption decision and discuss measurement tradeoffs and guidelines.
Neonatal Heart-Enriched miR-708 Promotes Differentiation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells in Rats

Cardiovascular disease is becoming the leading cause of death throughout the world. However, adult hearts have limited potential for regeneration after pathological injury, partly due to the quiescent status of stem/progenitor cells. Reactivation of cardiac stem/progenitor cells to create more myocyte progeny is one of the key steps in the regeneration of a damaged heart. In this study, miR-708 was identified to be enriched in the neonatal cardiomyocytes of rats, but this has not yet been proven in adult humans. A lower level of miR-708 in c-kit(+) stem/progenitor cells was detected compared to non-progenitors. Overexpression of miR-708 induced cardiomyocyte differentiation of cardiac stem/progenitor cells. This finding strengthened the potential of applying miRNAs in the regeneration of injured hearts, and this indicates that miR-708 could be a novel candidate for treatment of heart diseases.
A non-blocking internal binary search tree

Recent work on concurrent search trees has yielded solutions which either rely on locking parts of the data structure or exhibit suboptimal memory use. Trees are typically non-trivial to parallelise due to having multiple mutable fields per node but their average search time relative to simpler structures like linked-lists makes them desirable. We present a parallel binary search tree algorithm built using single-word reads, writes, and compare-and-swap. In this algorithm, operations will only contend if concurrent updates affect the same node(s). Updates are non-blocking as threads can complete each other's operations if necessary and each operation is linearisable. Experimental evidence shows it to be fast when compared with alternative solutions and scalable to large numbers of concurrently executing threads. It outperforms concurrent skip lists in the majority of scenarios tested; showing 65% more throughput when the performance difference of every experiment is averaged, and its memory footprint is significantly smaller than that of the other structures tested.
A Simple, Fast and Highly-Accurate Algorithm to Recover 3D Shape from 2D Landmarks on a Single Image

Three-dimensional shape reconstruction of 2D landmark points on a single image is a hallmark of human vision, but is a task that has been proven difficult for computer vision algorithms. We define a feed-forward deep neural network algorithm that can reconstruct 3D shapes from 2D landmark points almost perfectly (i.e., with extremely small reconstruction errors), even when these 2D landmarks are from a single image. Our experimental results show an improvement of up to two-fold over state-of-the-art computer vision algorithms; 3D shape reconstruction error (measured as the Procrustes distance between the reconstructed shape and the ground-truth) of human faces is <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$<. 004$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="martinez-ieq1-2772922.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, cars is . 0022, human bodies is . 022, and highly-deformable flags is . 0004. Our algorithm was also a top performer at the 2016 3D Face Alignment in the Wild Challenge competition (done in conjunction with the European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV) that required the reconstruction of 3D face shape from a single image. The derived algorithm can be trained in a couple hours and testing runs at more than 1,000 frames/s on an i7 desktop. We also present an innovative data augmentation approach that allows us to train the system efficiently with small number of samples. And the system is robust to noise (e.g., imprecise landmark points) and missing data (e.g., occluded or undetected landmark points).
Atypical Social Development in Vasopressin-Deficient Brattleboro Rats123

Abstract Over the past 3 decades, a large body of evidence has accumulated demonstrating that the neuropeptide arginine vasopressin (AVP) plays a critical role in regulating social behavior. The overwhelming majority of this evidence comes from adults, leaving a gap in our understanding of the role of AVP during development. Here, we investigated the effect of chronic AVP deficiency on a suite of juvenile social behaviors using Brattleboro rats, which lack AVP due to a mutation in the Avp gene. Social play behavior, huddling, social investigation & allogrooming, and ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) of male and female rats homozygous for the Brattleboro mutation (Hom) were compared with their wild-type (WT) and heterozygous (Het) littermates during same-sex, same-genotype social interactions. Male and female Hom juveniles exhibited less social play than their Het and WT littermates throughout the rise, peak, and decline of the developmental profile of play. Hom juveniles also emitted fewer prosocial 50 kHz USVs, and spectrotemporal characteristics (call frequency and call duration) of individual call types differed from those of WT and Het juveniles. However, huddling behavior was increased in Hom juveniles, and social investigation and 22 kHz USVs did not differ across genotypes, demonstrating that not all social interactions were affected in the same manner. Collectively, these data suggest that the Avp gene plays a critical role in juvenile social development.
Variation in male gaze patterns: Do gaze patterns generalize between sexually relevant and non-relevant stimuli?

Preliminary eye-tracking studies have identified two distinct gazing strategies which males employ when assessing the attractiveness of female images (Melnyk, McCord, & Vaske, 2014). It has been hypothesized that differences in male gazing strategy reflect differences in their mating strategy. Conversely it is possible that differences in gazing strategy simply reflect a difference in cognitive processing style. To explore these possibilities the current study examined the degree to which gaze patterns did or did not generalize between assessing the attractiveness of sexually relevant images, (females) and sexually irrelevant images (pre-pubescent or post menarche females, males, chimps, and neutral images). The model was partially supported as latent class analyses revealed a two class solution existed for one of the sexually relevant females, but for all other images gazing behaviors were best represented by single class solutions. For the female with two distinct groups of gazers a MANOVA was used to determine differences on gazing variables. Results revealed significant differences in the amount of time spent on the face F (1,75) = 7.191, p = . 009; n2 = . 087, and hair (1, 75) = 157.328, p = . 000; n2 = . 677. Priming effects and the implications for future studies are explored.
An Extension on "Statistical Comparisons of Classifiers over Multiple Data Sets" for all Pairwise Comparisons

In a recently published paper in JMLR, Demˇ sar (2006) recommends a set of non-parametric statistical tests and procedures which can be safely used for comparing the performance of classifiers over multiple data sets. After studying the paper, we realize that the paper correctly introduces the basic procedures and some of the most advanced ones when comparing a control method. However, it does not deal with some advanced topics in depth. Regarding these topics, we focus on more powerful proposals of statistical procedures for comparing n n classifiers. Moreover, we illustrate an easy way of obtaining adjusted and comparable p-values in multiple comparison procedures.
Long-term measurement of anti-adalimumab using pH-shift-anti-idiotype antigen binding test shows predictive value and transient antibody formation

Background and objectives Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are effective drugs for many different diseases. However, the formation of anti-drug antibodies (ADA) against a biological can result in reduced clinical response in some patients. Measurement of ADA in the presence of (high) drug levels is difficult due to drug interference in most assays, including the commonly used antigen binding test (ABT). Methods We recently published a novel method which enables the measurement of complexed antibodies against adalimumab (an anti-TNF antibody) in the presence of drug. Here we use this pH-shift-anti-idiotype ABT (PIA) to measure anti-adalimumab antibodies (AAA) in 99 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated for up to 3 years with adalimumab. Results 53 out of 99 RA patients produced AAA. In 50 of these PIA positive patients, AAA could be detected within the first 28 weeks of treatment. Patients in which AAA could be detected in the PIA after 28 weeks of treatment were more prone to declining adalimumab levels (<5 µg/ml) (p<0.01) and high AAA levels which could be detected in the ABT (p<0.05) at later time points. We observed transient AAA formation in 17/53 patients. Conclusions Results show that AAA develop early in treatment. However, levels that completely neutralise the drug may be reached much later in treatment. Furthermore, the patients positive for PIA at 28 weeks have an increased chance to develop clinical non-response due to immunogenicity. In some of the patients, AAA formation is transient.
The Differential Impact of Video-Stimulated Recall and Concurrent Questioning Methods on Beginning Readers' Verbalization About Self-Monitoring During Oral Reading

This pilot study explored two methods of eliciting beginning readers' verbalizations of their thinking when self-monitoring oral reading: video-stimulated recall and concurrent questioning. First and second graders (N = 11) were asked to explain their thinking about repetitions, attempts to self-correct, and successful self-corrects, in order to determine affordances and constraints of these two methods. Data analysis revealed the concurrent questioning method enabled students to recall their thinking and did not hinder comprehension. Video-stimulated recall method elicited fewer explanations due to a higher cognitive load from successive questioning and from an extended time interval between the oral reading and discussion.
Simulation of forceps extraction on a childbirth simulator

This paper presents a new available feature on the childbirth simulator BirthSIM. This feature offers a risk- free training for novice obstetricians to proceed to forceps extractions. The different forces involved during deliveries are described and modeled. The choice of a control strategy in order to reproduce all these forces is explained and argued. This paper also introduces the concepts of simple and double synchronization during deliveries. Its application allows to minimize the amount of forces exerted with forceps during an instrumental delivery to make it as safe as possible. Simulations of forceps extraction carried out by two junior obstetricians are provided and analyzed. The corresponding results are compared to the literature and to the results obtained by an expert.
Compliance of X.509 Certification Standard in the Implementation of Third Party Certification in Malaysian E-Commerce Websites

The concept of trusted services forms a key issue for any kind of electronic services. Third Party Certification (TPC) endorsement has been used as one of the methods to instill consumers’ trust. Creating initial trust through implementation of TPC is very important because the consumer has a tendency to trust brand names. This paper looked closely at the implementation of the TPC in Malaysia which reveals that there are many problems related to the implementation of these seals. Problems like the awareness of merchants on the important of third party seals to their business, unverifiable endorsement, misleading link, unauthorized use of logos and no endorsement at all are still there in Malaysian environment. Based on this fact, the paper will focus on how far the implementation of third TPC is complied with X.509 certification standard. The output of this study can give an important background on the current implementation of TPC and be used as a basis of initial evaluation for business opportunity as a service provider for this kind of certification in Malaysia
1 1 Fe b 20 04 All Electromagnetic Form Factors

All electromagnetic moments (form factors) of spin-1 2 fermions are, in principle , well known but unfortunately only to a specialized audience. Due to historical reasons usually only half of them find their entry into the textbooks. This is a slightly surprising state of affairs given the importance of the general result, its model independence, its connection to discrete symmetries and their violations and last but not least the fact that the derivation of the general result requires only the knowledge of the Dirac equation. In this paper we attempt in a pedagogical way to derive all four electromagnetic moments of a spin-1 2 fermion. We discuss the rich phenomenology connected directly with these form-factors, and among others spin precession in external fields and spin-synchrotron radiation.