Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Background Subtraction with DirichletProcess Mixture Models

Video analysis often begins with background subtraction. This problem is often approached in two steps-a background model followed by a regularisation scheme. A model of the background allows it to be distinguished on a per-pixel basis from the foreground, whilst the regularisation combines information from adjacent pixels. We present a new method based on Dirichlet process Gaussian mixture models, which are used to estimate per-pixel background distributions. It is followed by probabilistic regularisation. Using a non-parametric Bayesian method allows per-pixel mode counts to be automatically inferred, avoiding over-/under- fitting. We also develop novel model learning algorithms for continuous update of the model in a principled fashion as the scene changes. These key advantages enable us to outperform the state-of-the-art alternatives on four benchmarks.
DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES AND THE EMERGENCE OF INTRAINDUSTRY DIFFERENTIAL FIRM PERFORMANCE: INSIGHTS FROM A SIMULATION STUDY

This paper explores how the dynamic capabilities of firms may be linked to differential firm performance within an industry. A formal model is presented in which dynamic capabilities are treated as a set of routines guiding the evolution of a firm's resource configuration. The model centers on the endogenous choice firms make between resource deployment through imitation and experimentation in order to generate alternative resource configurations. Three performance-relevant attributes of dynamic capabilities are proposed: timing, cost, and learning of resource deployment. Theoretical propositions are developed that suggest how these attributes contribute to the emergence of differential intraindustry firm performance. Simulation analysis offers insights into the trajectories of evolutionary change engendered by dynamic capability, and serves to refine the theoretical propositions. It is found that timing, cost, and learning effects foster the emergence of robust performance differences among firms with strikingly similar dynamic capabilities. Moreover, the results show that even small initial differences among firms can generate significant intraindustry differential firm performance, especially when the effects of timing, cost and learning are combined. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accounting Restatements and Auditor Accountability

This study extends the literature on the consequences of restatements by examining auditor turnover around restatement announcements. Similar to prior research on executive turnover surrounding restatements, we document a higher likelihood of auditor turnover for restating firms than for matched non-restating firms. In contrast to prior research that documents significantly higher executive turnover for restatements involving accounting irregularities than for those related to errors, we show that the overall auditor turnover rates for error and irregularity restatements are surprisingly similar. Looking closer, however, we find that when a restatement occurs, small auditors not only tend to turn over at much higher rates than their Big 4 competitors, but these small auditors are incrementally more likely to turn over in cases where an accounting irregularity is involved. Lastly, in instances where the firm does choose to dismiss the auditor around a restatement, we find that the market responds positively to the auditor change announcement, which is consistent with investors approving of the firms’ decision to dismiss underperforming auditors. We are grateful to Michael Willenborg for helpful comments and to Gennaro Bernile for data regarding the income statement effects of the restatement. We thank John Barrios, Cory Dowers, Ken House, and Xuerong Huang for research assistance.
The Influence of pCO2 and Temperature on Gene Expression of Carbon and Nitrogen Pathways in Trichodesmium IMS101

Growth, protein amount, and activity levels of metabolic pathways in Trichodesmium are influenced by environmental changes such as elevated pCO2 and temperature. This study examines changes in the expression of essential metabolic genes in Trichodesmium grown under a matrix of pCO2 (400 and 900 µatm) and temperature (25 and 31°C). Using RT-qPCR, we studied 21 genes related to four metabolic functional groups: CO2 concentrating mechanism (bicA1, bicA2, ccmM, ccmK2, ccmK3, ndhF4, ndhD4, ndhL, chpX), energy metabolism (atpB, sod, prx, glcD), nitrogen metabolism (glnA, hetR, nifH), and inorganic carbon fixation and photosynthesis (rbcL, rca, psaB, psaC, psbA). nifH and most photosynthetic genes exhibited relatively high abundance and their expression was influenced by both environmental parameters. A two to three orders of magnitude increase was observed for glnA and hetR only when both pCO2 and temperature were elevated. CO2 concentrating mechanism genes were not affected by pCO2 and temperature and their expression levels were markedly lower than that of the nitrogen metabolism and photosynthetic genes. Many of the CO2 concentrating mechanism genes were co-expressed throughout the day. Our results demonstrate that in Trichodesmium, CO2 concentrating mechanism genes are constitutively expressed. Co-expression of genes from different functional groups were frequently observed during the first half of the photoperiod when oxygenic photosynthesis and N2 fixation take place, pointing at the tight and complex regulation of gene expression in Trichodesmium. Here we provide new data linking environmental changes of pCO2 and temperature to gene expression in Trichodesmium. Although gene expression indicates an active metabolic pathway, there is often an uncoupling between transcription and enzyme activity, such that transcript level cannot usually be directly extrapolated to metabolic activity.
Growing up with parental substance use disorder: The struggle with complex emotions, regulation of contact, and lack of professional support

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Wangensteen, T. , Bramness, J.G. & Halsa, A. (2018). Growing up with parental substance use disorder: The struggle with complex emotions, regulation of contact, and lack of professional support. Child & Family Social Work, 24(2), 201-208, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12603. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.
PROBLEM DEPRESI LANSIA DAN SOLUSI DENGAN TERAPI SPRITUAL ( Literature review: Problem Depression of erderly and the solution with spiritual therapy)

Pendahuluan : Pada lanjut usia permasalahan yang menarik adalah kurangnya kemampuan dalam beradaptasi secara psikologis terhadap perubahan yang terjadi pada dirinya. Dikarenakan perubahan fisik maupun psikologis dari lansia banyak dari mereka menggalami depresi , dimana seharusnya lansia mendapat kualitas hidup yang baik dimasa tuanya, hal tersebut dapat diwujudkan dengan melihat masalah depresi lansia secara mendalam dan memberikan solusi penangannanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seluruh masalah yang terjadi sehubungan dengan geriatri dan problem depresi . Metode : Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Gau Mabaji Gowa pada tanggal 03 sampai 09 Desember 2017 dengan Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah literature review. Pencarian dilakukan antara lain pada database Sience Direct , dan Google Scholar yang dipublikasikan dari tahun 2011 sampai dengan tahun 2017. Kata kunci yang digunakan dalam literature review ini yaitu Depresi, Lansia, Terapi spiritual, Spiritual, Keperawatan . Hasil : Intervensi keperawatan dengan terapi spiritual dapat dijadikan sebagai intervensi yang mendukung untuk menurunkan tingkat depresi pada lansia. Pembahasan : Seluruh intervensi yang diterapkan untuk mengurangi tingkat depresi lansia dari kelima literature yang ditelaah semuanya menunjukkan hasil yang sama dan mendukung terhadap penurunan tingkat depresi lansia, yaitu dengan terapi spiritual dengan aspek pendekatan agama sebagai landasan intervensinya dalam penerapannya. Perawat dapat melakukan asuhan keperawatan spiritualitas atau religiusitas pada lansia yang dapat membantu mempertahankan serta memperbesar semangat hidup klien lansia termasuk kesehatan mental depresi. Kesimpulan: Kondisi spiritual lansia harus dikaji secara mendalam untukbmengetahui permasalahan yang sebenarnya, termasuk faktor penyebab permasalahan lansia mengingat tingkat permasalahan lansia beraneka ragam sehingga mudah untuk memberikan penanganan, termasuk pemberian Terapi Spiritual dapat menurunkan tingkat depresi lansia.
On the consistency of Reynolds stress turbulence closures with hydrodynamic stability theory

The consistency of second‐order closure models with results from hydrodynamic stability theory is analyzed for the simplified case of homogeneous turbulence. In a recent study, Speziale, Gatski, and Mac Giolla Mhuiris [Phys. Fluids A 2, 1678 (1990)] showed that second‐order closures are capable of yielding results that are consistent with linear stability theory for the case of homogeneous shear flow in a rotating frame. It is demonstrated in this paper that this success is due to the fact that the stability boundaries for rotating homogeneous shear flow are not dependent on the details of the spatial structure of the disturbances. For those instances where they are—such as in the case of elliptical flows where the instability mechanism is more subtle—the results are not so favorable. The origins and extent of this modeling problem are examined in detail along with a possible resolution based on Rapid Distortion Theory (RDT) and its implications for turbulence modeling.
Experimenting with Strategic Experimentation: Risk Taking, Neighborhood Size and Network Structure

This paper investigates the effects of neighborhood size and network structure on strategic experimentation. We analyze a multi-arm bandit game with one safe and two risky alternatives. In this setting, risk taking produces a learning externality and an opportunity for free riding. We conduct a laboratory experiment to investigate whether group size and the network structure affect risk taking. We find that group size has an effect on risk taking that is qualitatively in line with equilibrium predictions. Introducing an asymmetry among agents in the same network with respect to neighborhood size leads to substantial deviations from equilibrium play. Findings suggests that subjects react to changes in their direct neighborhood but fail to play a best-response to their position within the network.
Templates in Creative Sparks

We question whether creativity requires functions exclusive to the human mind or it can rather be obtained by the mere performance of well-defined prescribed operations. The natural thinking process involves a complexity of sensory inputs, psychological factors, cognitive background, social rules and constraints which interfere (constructively and at times, destructively) with the results and evaluation of the creative process. It is therefore desirable to study the intrinsic properties of the creative thought dynamics in contexts in which creativity represents a dominant factor. Among the domains in which creativity plays an essential role is advertising. By structural analysis of a large mass of past advertising ideas we isolated a set of conceptual structures which characterize generically creative ideas. In order to validate these findings, we constructed idea-generating routines that lead to these conceptual structures. To ensure that human creativity does not interfere with the performance of those routines, we implemented them by computer. The computer-generated ideas ranked significantly higher on a creativity scale than the ideas produced by the human subjects. In view of the fact that the computerized routine is not performing any complex creation, the focal question raised is why do human judges perceive its outcomes as superior to human ideas performing the same task? 3
Student’s perception on initial experience of flipped classroom in pharmacy education: Are we ready?

ABSTRACT In Malaysia, the new teaching model of a flipped classroom is emerging in higher education with the aim of promoting student-centred learning. Hence the main purpose of this study is to identify the students’ acceptance level, their perceptions, and the impact of their initial exposures to the flipped classroom model. With this in mind, a survey on undergraduate students’ perceptions of the flipped classroom was evaluated at the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia. Surprisingly, there was a low degree of acceptance and unfavourable impressions of flipped classrooms among students. The reasons were identified to be the inappropriate use of the flipped methodology and the increase of student workload. In conclusion, the implementation of the flipped classroom method was not straightforward in Malaysia with a tradition of more didactic teaching methods.
Transformational Leadership, High-Performance Work System Consensus, and Customer Satisfaction

We use human resources (HR) system strength theory to argue that transformational leadership leads to employee consensus on a unit’s high-performance work system (HPWS), that consensus helps align employee attitudes, and that a compression in attitudes facilitates strategy execution and unit-level outcomes. Empirical tests based on a 4-year linked employee–customer panel data set, involving 255 do-it-yourself stores, support our predictions. Transformational leadership is positively related to HPWS consensus. Consensus is negatively associated with unit-level job satisfaction dispersion, which in turn relates positively to unit-level customer satisfaction. Our study makes important contributions to the strategic HR and HR system strength literatures, highlighting the roles of leadership and employee consensus in strategy execution.
A shameful affair? A figurational study of the change room and showering culture connected to physical education in Danish upper secondary schools

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to explore the clothes changing and showering situation related to PE in upper secondary schools in Denmark. We strive to understand why many young Danish people choose not to shower in relation to PE. Traditionally, Denmark has had a quite liberal attitude towards the naked body, which has affected the clothes changing and showering culture related to sport and leisure. However, young people in the Danish schools today are very reluctant about changing clothes and showering in the same room as their fellow students, and many choose to skip the shower all together. This paper draws on a research study of young Danish upper secondary school students’ (1st year, age 15–17) experiences of the clothes changing and showering situation related to PE. The data material comprises a six-month observation study of gender integrated PE lessons in two different schools in the Copenhagen area (high and low socio-economic areas) and 8 focus group interviews (N = 64) with male and female students from these schools. Theoretically, the research draws on figurational sociology as introduced by Norbert Elias We argue that the critical attitude towards the youth generation’s body cultural practices is perhaps misplaced. This is a development in accordance with the civilizing processes of the Western world. An approach to this issue should perhaps be a change in the structure around PE in schools, finding solutions that meet contemporary youth culture.
Edit wear and read wear

We describe two applications that illustrate the idea of computational wear in the domain of document processing. By graphically depicting the history of author and reader interactions with documents, these applications offer otherwise unavailable information to guide work. We discuss how their design accords with a theory of professional work and an informational physics perspective on interface design.
Response: Natural Course of Cytologically Benign Thyroid Nodules: Observation of Ultrasonographic Changes (Endocrinol Metab 2013;28:110-8, Dong Jun Lim et al.)

We have read Dr. Cho's letter regarding our article on the observation of ultrasonographic (US) changes in cytologically benign thyroid nodules [1] and are happy to respond to it. We see many patients with benign nodules in daily clinical practice both before and after initial confirmation of benign cytology by fine needle aspiration (FNA), and usually follow-up with US. The most notable point is that, the more effort we invest in finding thyroid cancer in nodules, the more benign nodules were left behind in our clinics afterwards. One time benign cytologic results by FNA cannot be considered to safely eliminate the possibility of malignancy because false negativity is an inherent characteristic of FNA. Besides, it isn't clear whether or when we should perform repeat FNA on nodules with initially benign cytologic results. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the natural course of benign thyroid nodules is needed to establish an appropriate follow-up scheme. In this sense, our study showed US changes of benign nodules with suspicious features over a short-term period. Partially concordant with our results, one article by Kwak et al. [2] indicated that repeat FNA of thyroid nodules with initial benign cytology is valuable only in growing nodules with suspicious US features, not in completely benign-appearing nodules. A more recent paper suggested that long-term follow-up of patients with cytologically-confirmed benign nodules is asassociated with increased repeat FNA and US without improvement in the malignancy detection rate, discouraging unlimited follow-up of benign nodules [3]. Derived from the above viewpoints, follow-up procedures for nodules with suspicious US features should be different from benign-looking nodules without suspicious US features, whether this includes more US or repeat FNA. However, this kind of protocol should be validated first with a long-term, well-designed prospective study. Regarding the question of the age factor in our study raised by Dr Cho, the fact that younger age is associated with nodule growth in women may be more supported by the recent basic research of Xu et al. [4]. Our study used a more than 50% increase in nodule volume as a cut off, which varied from previous studies and might widen the differences of the effects of younger and older ages on nodule growth.
The Clinical Characteristics of Steroid Responsive Nephrotic Syndrome of Children according to the Serum Immunoglobulin E Levels and Cytokines

Purpose The nephrotic syndrome (NS) is characterized by the favorable response to glucocorticoid therapy and the development of NS may be associated with dysfunctional immune systems. In order to investigate the serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and cytokines activity in pediatric NS, the total of 32 steroid responsive NS patients and 5 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Materials and Methods All patients were divided into two groups according to the initial serum IgE levels, such as normal and high IgE group, and their clinical characteristics were evaluated. In addition, serum levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β were compared and correlated with serum albumin, proteinuria by means of disease severity, and cytokines. Results In the high IgE group, the higher comorbidity of allergic diseases and relapsing rate, the longer duration of steroid therapy before initial remission, and the higher serum IL-4 and IL-5 levels were found. In all patients, initially higher serum levels of IL-4 and IL-5 declined to normal levels after steroid therapy, whereas the serum IL-10 levels showed no significant difference between nephrotic phase (heavy proteinuria) and remission phase (no proteinuria) of NS. The serum TGF-β levels of the nephrotic phase were significantly lower than those of remission phase or control group, and returned to normal control levels after steroid therapy. Conclusion This study indicates that initial IgE level is associated with steroid responsiveness and disease severity, and cytokine activities may also be related to the pathogenesis of pediatric steroid responsive NS.
Privatization in Colombia: A Plant Performance Analysis

El articulo describe el programa de privatizacion en el sector real de la economia Colombiana durante los anos noventa y ubica esta politica en un contexto de desregulacion de mercados y promocion de la inversion privada en la oferta de infraestructura publica y servicios publicos domiciliarios. El articulo evalua el programa de privatizacion en los sectores manufacturero y de generacion de energia electrica. Se hacen mediciones ex - post y analisis econometrico del desempeno de las firmas privatizadas. En el sector manufacturero la muestra analizada esta compuesta por 30 firmas manufactureras de gran tamano, donde el Instituto de Fomento Industrial era socio fundador. Los principales resultados sugieren que estas firmas mantuvieron un comportamiento pro - ciclico relativo a su principal competidor privado y desestimaron planes drasticos de reestructuracion operativa. Para el grupo de firmas de generacion de energia el articulo estudia el impacto de la reforma regulatoria en el proceso de entrada al mercado, estructura de propiedad, competencia de mercado y eficiencia productiva. La medicion de eficiencia productiva usa la tecnica de Data Envelope Analisis para 33 plantas que representan el 85% de la capacidad instalada en la generacion termica de energia electrica. La muestra esta compuesta por plantas que estaban en funcionamiento antes de la reforma y las entrantes que comenzaron su operacion comercial despues de la reforma. Los resultados sugieren que los niveles de evidencia en la generacion termica a mejorado despues de la reforma y que la politica regulatoria ha tenido un efecto positivo en la eficiencia productiva.
ON PERFORMANCE OF LINEAR ADAPTIVE FILTERING ALGORITHMS IN ACOUSTIC ECHO CONTROL IN PRESENCE OF DISTORTING LOUDSPEAKERS

Echo attenuation obtained using linear adaptive filtering algorithms in the presence of distorting loudspeaker is discussed. Experimental evidence is given that, when the acoustic echo path is almost linear, computationally complicated algorithms (such as RLSor APA) give considerable better echo attenuation than normalized LMS, but this is not the case when there are considerable nonlinearities (i.e. acoustic distortion) in the echo path. However, it is illustrated that when a suitable nonlinear preprocessor is added to produce acoustic distortion to adaptive linear filter input then the more complicated algorithms give better overall echo attenuation than normalized LMS. Finally, it is shown that if there is acoustic distortion but no preprocessor the parameters of linear adaptive filter are the closest to the parameters of acoustic echo path that follows the nonlinearity in normalized LMSadaptation.
A Music Retrieval System Based on User Driven Similarity and Its Evaluation

Large music collections require new ways to let users interact with their music. The concept of finding ‘similar’ songs, albums, or artists provides handles to users for easy navigation and instant retrieval. This paper presents the realization and user evaluation of a music retrieval music that sorts songs on the basis of similarity to a given seed song. Similarity is based on a userweighted combination of timbre, genre, tempo, year, and mood. A conclusive user evaluation assessed the usability of the system in comparison to two control systems in which the user control of defining the similarity measure was diminished.