Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Being cool is risky business: Young men’s within-peer-group status, heavy alcohol consumption and aggression in bars

Abstract Although research suggests that male peers play an important role in young men’s bar aggression, little is known about specific peer-related predictors of this behaviour. Both bar aggression and heavy alcohol consumption are associated with traditional masculinity and peer-acceptance among young men; thus, engagement in these behaviours may help young men maintain positive social standings within their male peer groups. Further, increased heavy alcohol consumption may, in turn, facilitate bar aggression. We conducted the first empirical analysis of the association between young men’s within-peer-group status and propensity to respond aggressively to provocation in bars. We also examined the mediating role of heavy episodic drinking in this relationship. In this study, male bar-going university students (N = 116; Mage = 19 years) completed self-reported measures of their within-peer-group status, frequency of heavy episodic drinking in the past month, and their likelihood to physically aggress in response to hypothetical provocation at a bar. As hypothesised, the higher participants’ within-peer-group status, the more likely they were to report that they would respond to provocation at a bar with physical aggression. Moreover, the positive association between status and bar aggression was explained by increased engagement in heavy alcohol consumption. Results suggest that future intervention efforts to prevent bar aggression and harmful drinking practices may benefit from addressing issues of status among young men.
The Europeanization of electoral politics

‘Nationalization’ theories have been used to explain the integration of electorates and party systems in democratizing and newly formed national polities. This article extends these theories to the ‘Europeanization’ of politics and to the European Union as an emerging supra-national democratic space. Analysing electoral data for national elections in 30 countries from 1970 to 2008, the article looks at the convergence of party systems in Europe. Results attest to increasingly homogeneous voting distributions for parties of a same family across national electorates, indicating an incipient party system institutionalization at the European level. The article shows that homogeneous patterns are stronger for parties belonging to the left–right dimension and less so for parties stemming from cultural cleavages. In the light of the debate on democratic deficit, the structuring of electoral alignments is interpreted as enhancing the democratic linkage between voters and representatives, and seen as a prerequisite for responsive and accountable politics in the EU.
The Relation of Mood and Behavior to Alcohol Use in Adolescent Suicide Attempters

ABSTRACT Background: Substance use has been shown to be an important risk factor for suicidal behavior in adolescence. In this study, rates of substance use in a sample of adolescents who had attempted suicide were examined as were the relationships of mood state and behavior problems to substance use. Method: Adolescents (N = 106) treated in an emergency department or pediatric inpatient unit following a suicide attempt were administered a standardized clinical assessment battery including detailed measures of alcohol involvement. Results: Seven percent of the sample reported alcohol or other drug use at the time of the attempt. About one third of the sample reported having been drunk at least once and one fifth reported at least one alcohol-related problem; 6% of the sample met diagnostic criteria for either alcohol abuse or dependence. Behavior problems were more strongly related to quantity and frequency of alcohol use than mood state. Hopelessness and behavior problems were both related to the severity of alcohol involvement. Conclusions: Results suggest that alcohol use among suicide attempters is more strongly related to conduct than mood disturbance.
Teacher- and Child-Managed Academic Activities in Preschool and Kindergarten and Their Influence on Children's Gains in Emergent Academic Skills

The aim of this study was to assess whether children's development benefited from teacher- and child-managed academic activities in the preschool and kindergarten classroom. Extensive systematic observations during four half-days in preschool (n = 8) and kindergarten (n = 8) classrooms revealed that classrooms differed in the amount of time spent on teacher-managed academic activities. The time teachers spent on math activities was remarkably low. Teacher-managed activities accelerated children's development, particularly for preschool children (n = 47); they showed larger gains in language, literacy, and math skills if their teacher devoted a relatively large proportion of classroom time to these topics. With regard to kindergarten children (n = 45), only their math skills seemed influenced by their teacher's engagement in academic activities; these children showed larger gains in math skills if their teacher initiated many language and literacy activities. Children's language and literacy development benefited from child-managed language and literacy activities. In contrast, child-managed math activities were not related to children's gains in math skills. The study provides insight into children's daily experiences in the preschool classroom and yields important implications for the professional development of teachers in early childhood education.
Gentlemen don't speak: communication norms and condom use in bathhouses

The theory of reasoned action (TRA) focuses on attitudes, norms, behavior, and intentions in explaining a behavior. This study provides a qualitative, detailed description of TRA components applied specifically to condom use for STD prevention among men who have sex with men (MSM) in bathhouses. Using a detailed, semi-structured interview guide, MSM acknowledged an existing norm for condom use for all anal intercourse and reported perceiving that bathhouse sexual partners were more likely to be infected with HIV and other STDs than men met in other settings. They also, however, reported a norm for silence in bathhouse public areas; this norm facilitated efficient and anonymous sexual encounters but precluded the ability to negotiate condom use verbally. Condom use lapses were generally attributed to this silence norm. Norms regarding silence appeared more strongly related to condom use than attitudes toward condom use. Implications for prevention, practical applications, and future research are discussed.
Virtual team interaction styles: assessment and effects

The virtual team is an increasingly common strategic work unit of many organizations. The virtual team, via various computer-based media (e.g. email, groupware) and noncomputer-based media (e.g. telephone), can interact and collaborate though separated by distance and time. One approach to their study is determining whether factors that drive conventional team performance also exist in the virtual environment. Interaction style has been shown to have a great effect on conventional teams' ability to achieve solution quality and solution acceptance on collaborative decision tasks (Hirokawa, 1985; Watson & Michaelsen 1988; Hirokawa & Gouran, 1989; Cooke & Szumal, 1994). Group interaction styles affect communication and thus team performance by facilitating or hindering the exchange of information among group members. These styles reflect an aggregation of behavioral traits of individual team members, rooted in their individual personalities. The interaction style of conventional teams can be reliably assessed, and from that assessment, performance on collaborative decision tasks can be predicted. This study investigated whether or not virtual teams who collaborate via computer-mediated communication also exhibit similar interaction styles, and whether the styles have the same effects on their decision performance and process outcomes as they do with conventional teams. Members of 42 virtual teams completed an intellective decision first individually and then collaboratively. Post-task measures captured individual and team performance data (e.g. solution quality) as well as process perceptions (individual acceptance of the team solution). An additional post-task tool was able to accurately capture the teams' interaction style. Results show that the interaction styles of virtual teams affect both performance and process outcomes in ways that are directionally consistent with those exhibited by conventional face-to-face teams. Implications include recommending the methodology for virtual team management, and suggestions for future research are offered.
UP FRONT AND BEYOND THE CENTRE LINE

Although there has been a substantial growth in the number of Aboriginal players in the Australian Football League over the past decade, issues of structural and institutional racism have not been explored. This investigation of the assignment of players by position revealed marked patterns of difference, which tend to reflect stereotypes about Aboriginal athletes. The results are similar to research conducted in the USA and the UK but suggest even stronger patterns of differentiation.
Comparison Between Dynamic Headspace and Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction for Gas Chromatography of Btex in Urine

Comparison Between Dynamic Headspace and Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction for Gas Chromatography of Btex in Urine The aim of this study was to compare two extraction procedures: dynamic headspace-purge and trap (PT) and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) for gas chromatographic determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and isomeric xylenes (BTEX) in urine with photoionization (PID) and mass spectrometric (MS) detection, respectively. Both methods showed linearity in the range of interest [(50-2000) ng L-1], good accuracy (80% to 100 %), and repeatability (RSD≤11 %). Detection limits were in the low ng L-1 level for both methods, although slightly greater sensitivity was found for the PT method. In comparison with PT, HS-SPME was simpler and required less time for analysis. Although the analytical features of both examined methods are appropriate for biomonitoring of environmental exposure to BTEX, only the HS-SPME-GC-MS method is recommended for routine analysis of BTEX in urine. The method was applied for the quantitative analysis of BTEX in urine samples collected from non-smokers (n=10) and smokers (n=10). Usporedba Dinamičke Analize Para Iznad Otopine I Mikroekstrakcije Analita Na Čvrstoj Fazi Za Plinskokromatografsko Određivanje Btex-a U Urinu Cilj ovog rada bio je usporediti dva postupka ekstrakcije za plinskokromatografsko određivanje benzena, toluena, etilbenzena i izomera ksilena u urinu. Uspoređene su dinamička analiza para iznad otopine (tzv. purge and trap) uz fotoionizacijski detektor i mikroekstrakcija analita na čvrstoj fazi uz detektor spektrometar masa. Rezultati upućuju na linearnost odziva detektora u ispitivanome koncentracijskom području [(50-2000) ng L-1], zadovoljavajuću točnost (80 %-100 %) i ponovljivost (RSD ≤11 %). Postignute su niske granice detekcije za obje metode. Mikroekstrakcija analita na čvrstoj fazi uz detektor spektrometar masa pokazala se jednostavnijom i bržom za izvođenje pa se preporučuje za rutinsko određivanje BTEX-a u urinu. Metoda je primijenjena za analizu tih spojeva u uzorcima urina nepušača (n=10) i pušača (n=10).
Selecting Texts and Tasks for Content Area Reading and Learning

earning about the physical, social, and biological world is an important aspect of the curriculum in elementary and middle school classrooms. Students are expected to read, write, and think about history and other social sciences, physical and life sciences, and a wide range of technical subjects. From the time they enter school until they transition into high school and college, students should be immersed in the world of information. That ’ s not to say that narrative texts should be neglected, but rather that informational texts are an important aspect of the curriculum. Unfortunately, in the push to increase students’ reading proficiency, some schools and districts have cut down, or entirely removed, blocks of time for social studies and science , Hg. ow . 20e. d( , )03arW e see this as wrongheaded because infor-mational texts, such as those used in history and science, facilitate students’ reading development, help shape their understanding of the world, and build their habits of inquiry (Maloch & Horsey, 2013 ) . Fortunately, helping students learn from i nformational texts, not just textbooks, has received a great deal of attention in the last decade. These efforts are intended to improve literacy skills by focusing on content area vocabulary knowledge, study skills, and the use of tools such as graphic organizers and note-t aking guides (Altieri, 201 1) . These are valuable and important ways to build students’ habits for interacting with, and un derstanding, informational texts.
Code-switching and establishing the power of a dominant language. Issues in the lives of multilingual children in Sweden

Uppsats: 40 hp/ects Program: EMEC; European Master in Early Childhood Education and Care Niva: Advanced level Termin/ar: HT 2009 Handledare: Elisabeth Mellgren Examinator: Biorn Hasselgren Rapport nr: HT09-IPKL-01 PDA583 Nyckelord: Mother tongue, perceive, code-switching, preschool, power In order to help children develop their mother tongue during preschool years, teachers need to have an understanding of how children perceive the function of their mother tongue in institutional settings. This study aims to explore what communicative function children assign the mother tongue. By listening to children this study allows their voices to be heard. The theoretical starting points are found in the socio-cultural perspectives and in variation theory. They both underpin the environmental and social settings for learning. The sociocultural perspectives have brought some important understandings of how knowledge is, primarily, shared learning among participants in a setting. Language, from this perspective, is viewed as an individual and collective tool for thinking. The variation theory emphasise the importance of perceiving since how we perceive a phenomenon will affect how we act in different situations. The data represent the voices of eight multilingual children that are about to turn, or have recently turned, 6 years of age. Data regarding the mother tongue were collected by participating in children’s culture and writing field notes. Additionally, interviews were conducted with children, and the field notes were used to facilitate the construction of the interview questions. The results show that children perceive that there are differences with regard to when to use the mother tongue and when to use the majority language. They were allowed to use their mother tongue in various settings, but not in preschool. The children stated that they did use their mother tongue in preschool but that only occurred when the teachers were not around and was associated with feelings of shyness. As for the Swedish language, it was used in all contexts and viewed as vital as a means of being or becoming an active member of Swedish society. Reading and writing skills in the Swedish language were stressed as key factors in educational success. When it came to the importance of speaking the mother tongue, the children pointed to the significance of culture, identity, and communication with others. Another finding was that none of the children had any difficulty speaking about language as an object or having meta-cognitive conversations about it.
A Synopsis of the Third International Federation of Societies of Toxicologic Pathologists Conference

A primary goal of the Third International Federation of Societies of Toxicologic Pathologists Conference was to review current scientific and regulatory thought on dThresholds for Genotoxic Carcinogens,d dEndocrine Modulators in the Environment,d dMolecular Pathology,d and dImmunotoxicology.d These topics were organized into four symposia. To provide a balanced view, speakers were invited from academia, industry, and gov-
An Examination of Psychotropic Drug Treatment for Children with Serious Emotional Disturbance

Psychotropic medication is an important factor in the care of children with serious emotional disturbance (SED) in community settings. In this article, we describe the use of medication in two sites that participated in the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Mental Health Services Program for Youth (MHSPY). Partaicipants included a total of 488 children and youth, enrolled at either the Cleveland, Ohio, or state of Vermont site. Forty percent of the study population received psychotropic medication during their enrollment in the program. Characteristics associated with use were analyzed using logistic regression. Although adolescent boys with conduct disorders appeared to be targeted by the MHSPY, younger children, girls, and those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or psychotic disorder diagnoses were more likely to receive medication. Stimulants, tricyclic antidepressants, and neuroleptics were the drug types most frequently prescribed. Rates of medication use in the MHSPY program were high but not unexpected, given the targeting of children with significant histories of emotional and behavioral challenges and imminent risk of restrictive placement. As new policies increasingly shift to community-based care for children with SED and to delivering such care through Medicaid managed care plans, careful evaluation of the risks and benefits of medication treatment is essential.
A cost analysis of inpatient compared with outpatient prostaglandin E2 cervical priming for induction of labour: results from the OPRA trial.

OBJECTIVE To compare the costs of inpatient (usual care) with outpatient (intervention) care for cervical priming for induction of labour in women with healthy, low-risk pregnancies who are being induced for prolonged pregnancies or for social reasons. METHODS Data from a randomised controlled trial at two hospitals in South Australia were matched with hospital financial data. A cost analysis comparing women randomised to inpatient care with those randomised to outpatient care was performed, with an additional analysis focusing on those who received the intervention. RESULTS Overall, 48% of women randomised into the trial did not receive the intervention. Women randomised to outpatient care had an overall cost saving of $319 per woman (95% CI -$104 to $742) as compared with women randomised to usual care. When restricted to women who actually received the intervention, in-hospital cost savings of $433 (95% CI -$282 to $1148) were demonstrated in the outpatient group. However, these savings were partially offset by the cost of an outpatient priming clinic, reducing the overall cost savings to $156 per woman. CONCLUSIONS Overall cost savings were not statistically significant in women who were randomised to or received the intervention. However, the trend in cost savings favoured outpatient priming.
FDI Architecture for Proprioceptive Sensors Using Analytical Redundancy and Road Signature

A fault detection and identification architecture, based on analytical redundancy is presented here, in order to detect faulty comportment from embedded proprioceptive sensors of intelligent vehicles. A road signature is then developed using the three dimensional behavior of the vehicle in order to discriminate sensors faults from environmental perturbation. Finally, some strategies are studied to verify the faulty behavior origin, and so ensure the decision process.
Reworking the Student Departure Puzzle

More than a quarter of the students who enter four-year institutions and half of those who enter two-year schools depart at the end of their first year. This phenomenon is known as the "departure puzzle," and for years, the most important body of work on student retention has come from sociologist Vincent Tinto. In Reworking the Student Departure Puzzle, leading scholars of the college student experience - including Tinto himself - reevaluate Tinto's interactionalist perspective, which holds that students unable to connect with either the academic or social subsystems of their institutions are likely to leave. Recent critiques of this theory have indicated the need for either its serious revision or the development of a new theory altogether. The contributors to this volume offer a variety of both theoretical and methodological perspectives on student departure, with additional chapters covering minority student retention, the link between college choice and student persistence, and the effect of the classroom experience on the student's choice. The recommendations made here will not only reinvigorate research on this important topic but will also lead administrators to better mana
Association of Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes Genetic Polymorphisms With Esophageal Cancer in Kashmir Valley and Influence of Environmental Factors

The Kashmir Valley has an elevated incidence rate of esophageal cancer (EC). Several environmental and genetic factors have been suspected for development of EC. A case-control study was performed in 135 EC patients and 195 healthy controls to analyze association of polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase (GST) mu (GSTM1), GST theta (GSTT1), GST pi (GSTP1), GSTM3, Cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A1, and CYP2E1 genes with susceptibility to EC as well as their interaction with environmental factors such as smoking and high consumption of salted tea in Kashmir valley. All subjects were genotyped through polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. Data was statistically analyzed using the chi-square test and logistic regression model. Results showed that GSTP1313 val/val and CYP2E1c1c2 genotypes imparted risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma [EADC; odds ratio (OR) = 3.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.30–8.05; OR = 4.20, 95% CI = 1.65–10.70], respectively. GSTM3AB genotype/B allele was found to be associated with low risk for EC. Tobacco smoking through hukka (water pipe) and consumption of salted tea itself were high risk factors for developing EC (OR = 21.44, 95% CI = 11.63–39.54; OR = 14.86, 95% CI = 8.41–26.24), and the risks were modulated through the interaction of GSTM3AB, GSTP1val/val genotypes. In conclusion, GSTP1val/val and CYP2E1c1c2 genotypes/c2 allele increased the risk of ESCC and EADC, respectively, in the Kashmiri population; whereas GSTM3AB genotype imparted lower risk for both ESCC and EADC.
Compensating Wage Differentials for Schooling Risk in Denmark

In this paper we analyse the association between wage differentials and risk using detailed information on length and type of education as seen in Danish administrative registers. Our contribution to the literature is that we distinguish between transitory (time-series) and permanent (cross-sectional) income shocks, and estimate the compensation for both sorts of risk. We find that wage risk in a given education cell is associated with higher wages, while skewness is associated with lower wages. As a robustness check, we see that ad hoc risk measures based on earnings-mobility indicators confirm these findings.