Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infant Health and Longevity: Evidence from A Historical Intervention in Sweden

This paper investigates the potential of an infant intervention to improve life expectancy, contributing to emerging interest in the early life origins of chronic disease. We track individuals from birth to death, and are able to identify age and cause of death. The intervention was pioneered in Sweden in 1931–1933, and appears to have been pivotal in the emergence of universal infant care programmes in the Scandinavian countries during the creation of the Welfare State. It provided information and support to mothers, with an emphasis on nutrition and sanitation, while monitoring infant care through home visits and clinics. We estimate that the average duration of programme exposure in infancy led to a 1.56% point decline in the risk of infant death (24% of baseline risk) and a 2.56% point decline in the risk of dying by age 75 (7.0% of baseline risk), and these impacts are much larger for children born out of wedlock. Intervention-led declines in the risk of dying after the age of 50 are dominated by reductions in cancer and cardiovascular mortality. We find no evidence of selective utilisation, and the estimates are similar when we exploit within-mother variation in outcomes. (Less)
GLOBAL EXISTENCE THEORY FOR A GENERAL CLASS OF HYPERBOLIC BALANCE LAWS

We consider a general system of hyperbolic balance laws in m space dimensions (m ≥ 1). Under a set of conditions we establish the existence of global solutions for the Cauchy problem when initial data are small perturbations of a constant equilibrium state. The proposed assumptions in this paper are different from those in literature for the system. Instead, our assumptions are parallel to those used in the study of hyperbolicparabolic systems. In one space dimension our assumptions are natural extensions of those used in the study of the Green’s function of the linearized system. They are also sufficient to the study of large time behavior in the pointwise sense for the nonlinear system, carried out in a different paper.
Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems ( PACIS ) 2014 ANTECEDENTS TO THE USER ADOPTION OF ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD

One of the main applications of information and communication technologies in healthcare sector is Electronic Medical Record (EMR). EMR systems are expected to make benefits for healthcare providers, professionals and the health population as a whole. Actually, the EMR benefits cannot be achieved without the adoption of the system by users in the healthcare. There has been much research suggested that EMR has not been adopted as expected. To the best of our knowledge, there is a lack in research which provides a comprehensive taxonomy of the factors affecting EMR user adoption. The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic literature review to extract factors impacting EMR user adoption and to clarify them into meaningful categories. We searched in nine scientific databases and 9684 papers found as initial screening. We excluded papers based on their title, abstract and full text and finally we had 89 relevant papers which focus on factors impacting EMR adoption. We extracted factors and identified 8 main categories: individual, psychological, behavioural, environmental, organizational, financial, legal, and technical. Our results have important implications for researchers and practitioners, including policy makers, marketers, information technology (IT) professionals, and EMR system developers.
Feedback between deglaciation and volcanic emissions of CO 2

The concentration of atmospheric CO2 has varied in near lock-step with glaciation over the course of at least the late Pleistocene. These glacial/interglacial variations in CO2 are generally attributed to oceanic mechanisms, but here we present evidence that the vast carbon reservoir associated with the solid Earth also plays an important role. A global reconstruction of volcanic activity between 12 ka to 7 ka shows that the frequency of eruptions increases by a factor of two to six, relative to background eruption rates during the glacial and interglacial. This change is statistically highly significant. Furthermore, the spatial pattern of the increased volcanism coincides with the pattern of ice loss coming out of the last glacial. We estimate that the magnitude of the ice unloading associated with mountain glaciers and ice caps could cause decompressional melting of the mantle well in excess of that need to sustain a factor of six increase in volcanic output for 5 ky. In addition to increased melt production, glacial variability may also pace the timing of low-frequency eruptions so as to coincide with deglaciation, a scenario we illustrate
Biochar Decelerates Soil Organic Nitrogen Cycling but Stimulates Soil Nitrification in a Temperate Arable Field Trial

Biochar production and subsequent soil incorporation could provide carbon farming solutions to global climate change and escalating food demand. There is evidence that biochar amendment causes fundamental changes in soil nutrient cycles, often resulting in marked increases in crop production, particularly in acidic and in infertile soils with low soil organic matter contents, although comparable outcomes in temperate soils are variable. We offer insight into the mechanisms underlying these findings by focusing attention on the soil nitrogen (N) cycle, specifically on hitherto unmeasured processes of organic N cycling in arable soils. We here investigated the impacts of biochar addition on soil organic and inorganic N pools and on gross transformation rates of both pools in a biochar field trial on arable land (Chernozem) in Traismauer, Lower Austria. We found that biochar increased total soil organic carbon but decreased the extractable organic C pool and soil nitrate. While gross rates of organic N transformation processes were reduced by 50–80%, gross N mineralization of organic N was not affected. In contrast, biochar promoted soil ammonia-oxidizer populations (bacterial and archaeal nitrifiers) and accelerated gross nitrification rates more than two-fold. Our findings indicate a de-coupling of the soil organic and inorganic N cycles, with a build-up of organic N, and deceleration of inorganic N release from this pool. The results therefore suggest that addition of inorganic fertilizer-N in combination with biochar could compensate for the reduction in organic N mineralization, with plants and microbes drawing on fertilizer-N for growth, in turn fuelling the belowground build-up of organic N. We conclude that combined addition of biochar with fertilizer-N may increase soil organic N in turn enhancing soil carbon sequestration and thereby could play a fundamental role in future soil management strategies.
Street rabies virus causes dendritic injury and F-actin depolymerization in the hippocampus

Rabies is an acute viral infection of the central nervous system and is typically fatal in humans and animals; however, its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. In this study, the morphological changes of dendrites and dendritic spines in the CA1 region of the hippocampus were investigated in mice that were infected intracerebrally with an MRV strain of the street rabies virus. Haematoxylin and eosin and fluorescence staining analysis of brain sections from the infected mice showed very few morphological changes in the neuronal bodies and neuronal processes. However, we found a significant decrease in the number of dendritic spines. Primary neuronal cultures derived from the hippocampus of mice (embryonic day 16.5) that were infected with the virus also showed an obvious decrease in the number of dendritic spines. Furthermore, the decrease in the number of dendritic spines was related to the depolymerization of actin filaments (F-actin). We propose that the observed structural changes can partially explain the severe clinical disease that was found in experimental models of street rabies virus infections.
Ga-substituted Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 : An investigation based on grain coarsening in garnet-type lithium ion conductors

Gallium substituted garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 has been synthesized via a sol-gel (SG) and solid-state reaction (SSR) routes. The results of scanning electron spectroscopy measurements showed that the SG process produced statistically smaller powder particles than the SSR route. A structural transformation from tetragonal to cubic phase occurs at an elevated level of Gallium doping, resulting in a cubic structure for Li5.5La3Zr2Ga0. 5O12 (0.5Ga-LLZO). To facilitate the comparison of sintering procedures, powders of Ga-doped LLZO were sintered by both a conventional sintering process and a spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. For pellets sintered by SPS at 950 ! C for 5 min, grain coarsening was limited due to the short sintering duration. However, grain coarsening was observed in the SPS pellets sintered at 950 ! C, 1000 ! C, and 1100 ! C for 5 h in air. The ionic conductivity was determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at temperatures in the range of 20 ! Ce100 ! C. The total ionic conductivity was found to increase with increased relative density and larger grain size. The highest total ionic conductivity at room temperature was found to be in the range of 5.81 " 10#5 S/cm (Ea 1⁄4 0.41 eV) in this work. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Recent observations on cavitation and cavitation noise

This paper is primarily concerned with the acoustics of traveling bubble cavitation around foils or headforms. We begin with observations of individual bubbles and the acoustic signals they emit, our purpose being to identify areas of research which would enhance our understanding of the history of individual bubbles. Then we present some numerical integrations of the Rayleigh/Plesset equation for the same flows. The comparison is encouraging in terms of future synthesis of the noise by analytical means. Finally, bubble interaction effects which were omitted earlier are discussed and some recent analytical results including these effects are presented.
THE MANUFACTURE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPONENTS BY THE POWDER METALLURGY PROCESS

The powder metallurgy process provides the ability to manufacture net shape parts from a variety of materials in a cost effective manner. A market segment that has exhibited the ability to take advantage of powder metallurgy's flexibility has been in electromagnetic applications. This area has shown significant growth in the past decade that should continue for the foreseeable future. This paper will discuss materials and processes that have proven successful in several electromagnetic applications. Both sintered materials for DC type applications and insulated materials for AC applications will be reviewed along with appropriate processing techniques for each. Specific applications for both materials will be presented.
Evaluation of the accuracy of gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MR imaging in the detection and characterization of focal liver lesions.

OBJECTIVE We evaluated the extent to which hepatic lesion characterization and detection is improved by using gadobenate dimeglumine for enhancement of MR images. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-six patients were imaged before gadobenate dimeglumine administration, immediately after the 2 mL/sec bolus administration of a 0.05 mmol/kg dose (dynamic imaging), and at 60-120 min after the IV infusion at 10 mL/min of a further 0.05 nmol/kg dose (delayed imaging). The accuracy for lesion characterization was assessed for a total of 107 lesions. Sensitivity for lesion detection was assessed for a total of 149 lesions detected on either intra-operative sonography, iodized oil CT, CT during arterial portography, or follow-up contrast-enhanced CT as the gold standard. RESULTS The accuracy in differentiating benign from malignant liver lesions increased from 75% and 82% (the findings of two observers) on unenhanced images alone, to 89% and 80% on dynamic images alone (p<0.001, p = 0.8), and to 90.7% when combining the unenhanced and dynamic image sets (p<0.001, p = 0.023). Delayed images did not further improve accuracy (90% and 91%; p = 0.002, p< 0.05). A similar trend was apparent in terms of accuracy for specific diagnosis: values ranged from 49% and 62% on unenhanced images alone, to 76% and 70% on combined unenhanced and dynamic images (p<0.001, p = 0.06), and to 75% and 70% on inclusion of delayed images (p<0.001, p = 0.12). The sensitivity for lesion detection increased from 77% and 81% on unenhanced images alone, to 87% and 85% on combined unenhanced and dynamic images (p = 0.001, p = 0.267), and to 92% and 89% when all images were considered (p<0.001, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Contrast-enhanced dynamic MR imaging with gadobenate dimeglumine significantly increases sensitivity and accuracy over unenhanced imaging for the characterization of focal hepatic lesions, and delayed MR imaging contributes to the improved detection of lesions.
Correlation and path analysis in sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L . Moench )

An investigation was carried out with 126 genotypes of forage sorghum at instructional farm of Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur during summer 2013 to asses association of fodder yield components and their direct and indirect effects on green fodder yield per plant conducted. It was observed that the green fodder yield I cut was significant and positively correlated with dry fodder yield I cut both at genotypic (0.89) and phenotypic (0.66) level. The phenotypic correlation of green fodder yield I cut was also significant with dry fodder yield per day (0.66), leaf: stem ratio (0.28) and leaf breadth (0.26) in positive direction and with protein percent (-0.26) and total soluble solids (-0.24) in negative direction. The green fodder yield II cut was significant and positively correlated with dry fodder yield per day II cut at both genotypic (0.99) and phenotypic (0.99) level. The phenotypic correlation of green fodder yield II cut was positively correlated with leaf: stem ratio (0.30) and significant negatively correlated with early vigor (-0.20). Correlation between these characters was also in same direction. Path coefficients for green fodder yield at I and II cut were computed using genotypic correlation between characters recorded independently and having significant difference between genotypes. The 14.15 % variability of green fodder yield I cut and 8.86 % variability of green fodder yield at II cut was explained by these 4 and 9 characters respectively. Maximum direct effect was leaf stem ratio followed by total soluble solids, leaf breadth and protein per cent towards green fodder yield I cut and leaf: stem ratio, regeneration ability, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant and total soluble solids towards green fodder yield II cut. Hence these characters may be considered as selection indices in sorghum breeding programme.
Pinch-to-zoom-plus: an enhanced pinch-to-zoom that reduces clutching and panning

Despite its popularity, the classic pinch-to-zoom gesture used in modern multi-touch interfaces has drawbacks: specifically, the need to support an extended range of scales and the need to keep content within the view window on the display can result in the need to clutch and pan. In two formative studies of unimanual and bimanual pinch-to-zoom, we found patterns: zooming actions follows a predictable ballistic velocity curve, and users tend to pan the point-of-interest towards the center of the screen. We apply these results to design an enhanced zooming technique called Pinch-to-Zoom-Plus (PZP) that reduces clutching and panning operations compared to standard pinch-to-zoom behaviour.
Nardosinone Improves the Proliferation, Migration and Selective Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Neural Stem Cells

In this study, we investigated the impact of Nardosinone, a bioactive component in Nardostachys root, on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. The neural stem cells were isolated from cerebrums of embryonic day 14 CD1 mice. The proliferation of cells was monitored using the cell counting kit-8 assay, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and cell cycle analysis. Cell migration and differentiation were investigated with the neurosphere assay and cell specific markers, respectively. The results showed that Nardosinone promotes cells proliferation and increases cells migration distance in a dose-dependent manner. Nardosinone also induces the selective differentiation of neural stem cells to neurons and oligodendrocytes, as indicated by the expression of microtubule-associated protein-2 and myelin basic protein, respectively. Nardosinone also increases the expression of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phospho-cAMP response element binding protein during proliferation and differentiation. In conclusion, this study reveals the regulatory effects of Nardosinone on neural stem cells, which may have significant implications for the treatment of brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases.
Fuzzy Rough Set Based Web Query Expansion

Fuzzy rough set theory is a candidate framework for query refinement. Indeed, a thesaurus defines an approximation space in which the query, which is a set of terms, can be approximated from the upper and the lower side. The upper approximation turns out to be too flexible however, resulting in query explosion, while the lower approximation is too strict, resulting in the empty query. Therefore we advocate the use of the lower approximation of the upper approximation, which differs from the upper approximation itself when the thesaurus is not transitive. The resulting technique seems especially useful in the presence of ambiguous query terms.
Working Paper Education, Aspirations and Life Satisfaction Education, Aspirations and Life Satisfaction

The idea that expanding work and consumption opportunities always increases people’s wellbeing is well established in economics but finds no support in psychology. Instead, there is evidence in both economics and psychology that people’s life satisfaction depends on how experienced utility compares with expectations of life satisfaction or decision utility. In this paper I suggest that expanding work and consumption opportunities is a good thing for decision utility but may not be so for experienced utility. On this premise, I argue that people may overrate their socioeconomic prospects relative to real life chances and I discuss how systematic frustration over unfulfilled expectations can be connected to people’s educational achievement. I test the model’s predictions on Italian data and find preliminary support for the idea that education and access to stimulating environments may have a perverse impact on life satisfaction. I also find evidence that the latter effect is mediated by factors such as gender and age. Indeed, the model seeks to go beyond the Italian case and provide more general insights into how age/life satisfaction relationships can be modelled and explained. JEL Classification: A13; D1, D60; H11; I2, J13, J24, I38.
MC-LR Exposure Leads to Subfertility of Female Mice and Induces Oxidative Stress in Granulosa Cells

Health risk of human exposure to microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) has aroused more and more attention over the past few decades. In the present study, MC-LR was orally administered to female mice at 0, 1, 10 and 40 μg/L for three and six months. We found that chronic exposure to MC-LR at environmental levels could stimulate follicle atresia and lead to decreased developmental follicles, accompanied by a reduction of gonadosomatic index (GSI). In line with the irregular gonadal hormone level and estrus cycles, subfertility of female mice was also confirmed by analyzing numbers of litters and pups. The in vitro study suggested that granulosa cells could uptake MC-LR and should be the target of the toxicant. Oxidative stress in granulose cells induced by MC-LR promoted follicle atresia and eventually leads to female subfertility.
Antibiotic use in 530 French hospitals: results from a surveillance network at hospital and ward levels in 2007.

OBJECTIVES Antibiotic use in French hospitals is among the highest in Europe. A study was carried out to describe antibiotic consumption for inpatients at hospital and at ward levels. METHODS Data were voluntarily collected retrospectively by 530 hospitals accounting for approximately 40 million patient-days (PD) on the following: antibacterials for systemic use [J01 class of the WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification, defined daily doses (DDD) system, 2007], rifampicin and oral imidazole derivatives, expressed in number of DDD and number of PD in 2007. Consumption was expressed in DDD/1000 PD. RESULTS Median antibiotic use ranged from 60 DDD/1000 PD in long-term care (LTC) and psychiatric hospitals to 633 DDD/1000 PD in teaching hospitals. Penicillins and beta-lactamase inhibitors combinations were the most frequently used antibiotics, accounting for 26% of total use in cancer hospitals to 40% in LTC/psychiatric hospitals. Glycopeptides and carbapenems were mostly used in cancer and teaching hospitals. Level of consumption and pattern of use differed according to clinical ward from 60 DDD/1000 PD in psychiatric wards up to 1466 DDD/1000 PD in intensive care units (ICUs). In medicine, surgery, ICU and rehabilitation wards, fluoroquinolones accounted for 13%-19% of the total use. CONCLUSIONS This multicentre survey provided detailed information on antibiotic use in a large sample of hospitals and wards, allowing relevant comparisons and benchmarking. Analysis of consumption at the ward level should help hospitals to target practice audits to improve antibiotic use.
Determinants of Intrauterine Device Use in Indonesia : Analysis of the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey for 2002-2012

The Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey has shown decreasing trends in intrauterine device use from 6.2% in 2002–2003 to 3.9% in 2012. In this study, the aim was to identify the determinants of intrauterine device use at the individual level in Indonesia. This was a crosssectional study using data from the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey for the years 20022003, 2007, and 2012. We used the multivariate binomial logistic regression to analyze the data for women aged 15-49 years using modern contraceptive methods. The total sample included 13,289 women. Among these, intrauterine device use was 11.6% in 2002, 8.1% in 2007, and 7.2% in 2012. The multivariate analysis revealed age, parity, educational level, urban/rural living, and exposure to information media to be the main determinants of intrauterine device use. Compared with women younger than 20 years, use was 3.1 times more likely in those aged 20-35 years (95% confidence intervals = 1.3-7.5) and was 9.8 times more likely in those older than 35 years (95% confidence intervals = 3.9-23.95). Moreover, use was 2.3 times more likely among women with higher educational statuses than among women with no schooling (95% confidence intervals = 1.6-3.3), and information media exposure made women 1.4 times more likely to use those devices (95% confidence intervals = 1.2-1.6). Compared with women who had a parity of 1-2, those with parities of 3-4 and >4 had odds of 0.5 and 0.4 for intrauterine device use, respectively. Finally, women living in rural areas had odds of 0.6 for intrauterine device use compared with women living in urban areas. Although our data indicate that continued efforts are needed to improve the overall educational statuses of women, it seems that a practical shortto medium-term solution might be to improve exposure in the various information media, such as radio, television, pamphlet, etc. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2019; 12(1): 344-347)