Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Growth and Metastasis of Mouse Mammary Carcinoma by Selective Inhibitor of Transforming Growth Factor-β Type I Receptor Kinase In vivo

Purpose: Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) suppresses tumor development by inhibiting cellular proliferation, inducing differentiation and apoptosis, and maintaining genomic integrity. However, once tumor cells escape from the tumor-suppressive effects of TGF-β, they often constitutively overexpress and activate TGF-β, which may promote tumor progression by enhancing invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis and by suppressing antitumor immunity. The purpose of this study was to test this hypothesis using TGF-β pathway antagonists. Experimental Design: We examined the effects of selective TGF-β type I receptor kinase inhibitors, SD-093 and SD-208, on two murine mammary carcinoma cell lines (R3T and 4T1) in vitro and in vivo. Results: Both agents blocked TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of the receptor-associated Smads, Smad2 and Smad3, in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 between 20 and 80 nmol/L. TGF-β failed to inhibit growth of these cell lines but stimulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transdifferentiation, migration, and invasiveness into Matrigel in vitro. These effects were inhibited by SD-093, indicating that these processes are partly driven by TGF-β. Treatment of syngeneic R3T or 4T1 tumor-bearing mice with orally given SD-208 inhibited primary tumor growth as well as the number and size of metastases. In contrast, SD-208 failed to inhibit R3T tumor growth or metastasis in athymic nude mice. Moreover, in vitro anti-4T1 cell cytotoxic T-cell responses of splenocytes from drug-treated animals were enhanced compared with cells from control animals. In addition, SD-208 treatment resulted in a decrease in tumor angiogenesis. Conclusion: TGF-β type I receptor kinase inhibitors hold promise as novel therapeutic agents for metastatic breast cancer.
SEROLOGICAL SURVEY WITH PCR VALIDATION FOR CANINE VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS IN NORTHERN PALESTINE

Leishmania infantum is the causative agent of human and canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in the Mediterranean region. A seroprevalence study for CVL was conducted in northern Palestine. Domestic dogs (n = 148) were screened for antileishmanial antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ten dogs (6.8%) were seropositive. Promastigotes were isolated from one seropositive dog and identified as L. infantum by excreted factor (EF) serotyping, isozyme electrophoresis, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition to the ELISA, the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1)-, modified ITS1 (mITS1)-, and kinetoplast DNA (kDNA)-PCRs were used to validate this technique as a diagnostic tool for CVL using blood; each assay was performed on 60 blood samples. kDNA-PCR (13/60 positives, 21.7%) was the most sensitive of the assays examined followed by mITS1-PCR (9/60, 15.0%), ELISA (5/60, 8.3%), and ITS1-PCR (3/60, 5%). However, ITS1-PCR and mITS1-PCR were also capable of identifying the parasite species and indicated they belong to L. infantum. In view of its higher sensitivity, kDNA-PCR is recommended for the routine diagnosis of CVL.
Longitudinal evaluation of cognitive disorder in Huntington's disease

The study investigated longitudinal change in cognitive function in 87 patients with Huntington's disease (HD), using a range of neuropsychological tests, which tap mental manipulative abilities, memory, and frontal executive skills. Over a 1-year period the largest changes were noted in letter fluency, object recall, and Stroop Test performance, whereas no changes were noted over more than 3 years on the modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Contrary to expectation, greater change was evident over 1 year for tasks with low compared to high cognitive demands. The differential sensitivity of tasks was attributed in part to inherent characteristics of the tests themselves: their capacity to detect minor gradations of change and their vulnerability to practice effects. However, the greater change for relatively automatic, speed-based tasks with low cognitive demands was interpreted as reflecting the evolution of HD, with a greater magnitude of change occurring in basal ganglia than cortical function. One purpose of the study was to identify tasks sensitive to the progression of HD and hence most suitable for the evaluation of therapies. Despite reaching statistical significance by virtue of the large group size, numerical differences in test scores over 1 year were very small, suggesting that the use of such tests to evaluate change in individuals or small groups of subjects would be problematic. The data highlight the slow progression of HD, the limitations of standard cognitive tests in detecting change over short periods, and the need for therapeutic studies that encompass a relatively prolonged time frame. (JINS, 2001, 7, 33–44.)
Site Selection for DOE/JIP Gas Hydrate Drilling in the Northern Gulf of Mexico

Studies of geologic and geophysical data from the offshore of India have revealed two geologically distinct areas with inferred gas hydrate occurrences: the passive continental margins of the Indian Peninsula and along the Andaman convergent margin. The Indian National Gas Hydrate Program (NGHP) Expedition 01 was designed to study the occurrence of gas hydrate off the Indian Peninsula and along the Andaman convergent margin with special emphasis on understanding the geologic and geochemical controls on the occurrence of gas hydrate in these two diverse settings. NGHP Expedition 01 established the presence of gas hydrates in Krishna- Godavari, Mahanadi and Andaman basins. The expedition discovered one of the richest gas hydrate accumulations yet documented (Site 10 in the Krishna-Godavari Basin), documented the thickest and deepest gas hydrate stability zone yet known (Site 17 in Andaman Sea), and established the existence of a fully-developed gas hydrate system in the Mahanadi Basin (Site 19).
The Rise of Curation on GitHub

Recently, curation practices start to develop in GitHub, where developers systematically put efforts to select, evaluate, and organize existing artifacts for the purposes of preservation and future use in software development. Curation practices in social media sites, such as Twitter and Pinterest, have been investigated, raising questions about the nature of collaborative curation in a professional/product-oriented site. In this study, we identify and characterize curation projects hosted on GitHub, and compare curation projects with software projects to study how this practice takes place and how it is different from the original use of GitHub. We find that curation has emerged as a highly popular category of GitHub project, which is directed to learning and professional development, and curation practice leverages collaborative tools and practices native to GitHub. Although curation projects and software projects use the same set of activities for development, they are different from each other in terms of the quantity of each type of activity performed by developers.
Secrecy sum-rates with regularized channel inversion precoding under imperfect CSI at the transmitter

In this paper, we study the performance of regularized channel inversion precoding in MISO broadcast channels with confidential messages under imperfect channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). We obtain an approximation for the achievable secrecy sum-rate which is almost surely exact as the number of transmit antennas and the number of users grow to infinity in a fixed ratio. Simulations prove this anaylsis accurate even for finite-size systems. For FDD systems, we determine how the CSIT error must scale with the SNR, and we derive the number of feedback bits required to ensure a constant high-SNR rate gap to the case with perfect CSIT. For TDD systems, we study the optimum amount of channel training that maximizes the high-SNR secrecy sum-rate.
Adjustment to separation and divorce: evaluation of a community group intervention program

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a group intervention program offered by a community organization to people adjusting to separation and divorce. Adjustment outcomes were examined longitudinally using a pre-, post- and six-months post-intervention follow-up. The research sample comprised permanent and temporary residents of the Cairns region. Due to a high transient population, a high attrition rate was experienced post- and six-months post-intervention. Two studies were conducted. For study one, 29 participants were randomly assigned to the intervention or delayed intervention groups. Both groups participated in a six-week intervention program. The aim of this study was to investigate gender and group differences in adjustment to separation and divorce following group intervention. For study two, 15 participants were randomly assigned to the six-week intervention group, the two-day intervention group and the wait-list control group. The aim of this study was to use a clinically oriented applied investigation of psychological intervention to assess adjustment outcomes. The adjustment measures used to explore gender and group differences for both studies were Rosenberg's Self-Esteem scale, Social Support Appraisal scale, Levenson's Locus of Control scale and Fisher's Divorce Adjustment scale. Relationship status, relationship number and decider of separation and divorce helped to determine additional group differences. The social context variables: emotional, psychological, social, financial adjustment, property division and satisfaction provided an opportunity to address other aspects of adjustment. Most participants indicated some adjustment differences following intervention with reduced adjustment gains six-months post-intervention. The results indicate some benefits of group intervention. Furthermore, implications for future group intervention programs, gender and group specific information for the enhancement of future programs are discussed.
Shape manifold regression with spherical harmonics for hippocampus shape analysis

Shape regression analysis is a powerful tool to study local shape changes as a function of an independent regressor variable. In this paper, we introduce spherical harmonic(SPHARM) representation to surface manifold learning and shape regression. Here, we use root mean square distance(RMSD) to measure the deformation degree of the surface, and find out that the hippocampus’ deformation degree is increased over age. We also investigate the particular changing area, and discover that the hippocampus have significant changes in the frontal area and tail area, especially in CA1 subfield.
Meta-analyses of interest-personality convergence using the Strong Interest Inventory and the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire

ix INTRODUCTION 1 Historical Debate: Does Meaningful I-P Convergence Exist? 1 Heritability of Interests and Personality 3 Heritability of Personality 3 Heritability of Interests 4 Shared Heritability and Underlying Dimensions 4 Summary and Directions 6 Personality Theory and Assessment 7 The FFM/NEO-PI-R 7 The MPQ 9 Scale Comparisons of the MPQ, EPQ, CPI, and NEO-PI-R 17 Interest Theory and Assessment 22 The Strong Interest Inventory (SII) 23 Call for Theory Development and Integration 26 Empirical Studies of I-P Convergence 26 Empirical Studies of RIASEC and FFM Factors 26 Larson et al. (2002) Big Five/Big Six Meta-Analyses 26 Barrick et al. (2003) Big Five/Big Six Meta-Analyses 29 Blake and Sackett' s (1999) Rational-Empirical Analyses 31 Empirical Studies of Interest and MPQ Factors 33 Waller et al.'s (1995) Heritability Study 34 Blake and Sackett's (1999) Select SII-MPQ Correlations 36 Morfitt's (1998) SII-MPQ Correlations 36 Larson and Borgen's (2002) Seminal I-P Study 37 Synthesis of Larson and Borgen (2002) and Staggs et al. (2003) Findings 39 Summary and Synthesis of Meaningful Interest-MPQ Correlates 49 Summary of I-P Empirical Studies 55 The Present Study 56 METHOD 58 Literature Search Procedure 58 Excluded Studies 58 Included Studies 60 Forms of the Strong Interest Inventory (SII) 62 Combined Sample Demographics 63 Age 63 Ethnicity 63
Testing the Assumption of Behavioural Consistency in a New Zealand Sample of Serial Rapists

One of the assumptions that underlies the profiling process is that criminals are behaviourally consistent from one offence to another. To date, however, this is an assumption that has not been scientifically validated. The present study therefore tested the assumption of behavioural consistency in serial rape offences. The author collected dichotomous data on 30 behavioural variables for a total of 439 offences committed by 121 serial rapists in New Zealand. There were two main research aims of the study. The first aim was to test the behavioural consistency of a range of individual behaviours. It was hypothesised that higher consistency would be found for behaviours that reflected a degree of planning or that prioritised control of the victim and the offence environment, because these behaviours might be less affected by environmental factors. In contrast, many sexual behaviours arise directly out of offender-victim interactions and therefore are most affected by environmental factors such as victim resistance. It was therefore also hypothesised that sexual behaviours would display lower consistency. A consistency measure was used that compared behaviour in consecutive offences. Consistency for each behaviour was defined as present-present or absent-absent matches of that behaviour in consecutive offences. The degree of consistency for any behaviour will be reflected in the consistency score received by that variable based on the number of matches for that behaviour across the offence series. The consistency analysis found moderate to high levels of consistency for the majority of individual behaviours. As predicted, higher consistency was exhibited for behaviours that prioritised control of the victim and the offence environment, and lower consistency was exhibited for the sexual behaviours. The second research aim was that if behavioural consistency was found in the results of the consistency analysis, to explore whether there were any underlying patterns to the consistency of offending behaviour. A factor analysis of the consistency scores established that there are clear patterns to the behavioural consistency of offenders consistent with previous analysis of offence characteristics. The factor analysis resulted in three themes or domains to behaviour: hostility, involvement and control. These findings have theoretical implications for the assumption of behavioural consistency in serial rapists, for the concepts of modus operandi and signature in offence behaviour, and for the theoretical understanding of the profiling process. The findings also have practical implications for the practice of profiling and case linkage in New Zealand, and raise possibilities for future directions in research.
Usability evaluation of modeling notations for software engineering in machine and plant automation

During the last eight years we investigated the benefit of modeling notations, e.g. UML and domain specific UML profiles as well as specialized modeling languages (Idiomatic Control Language - ICL) in software engineering (IEC 61131-3) in machine and plant automation with three different experiments and approximately more than 120 participants. The results of the conducted experiments revealed the benefits and the shortcomings of UML in the field of supporting control programming. Furthermore we can show the impact of different modeling notations on software quality (IEC 61131-3) and time consumption for the software development process as well as some results on how to evaluate model driven engineering under usability aspects.
The History of Management Thought

About the Author. Preface. PART I: EARLY MANAGEMENT THOUGHT. Chapter 1. A Prologue to the Past. Chapter 2. Management Before Industrialization. Chapter 3. The Industrial Revolution: Problems and Perspective. Chapter 4. Management Pioneers in the Early Factory. Chapter 5. The Industrial Revolution in the United States. Chapter 6. Industrial Growth and Systematic Management. PART II: THE SCIENNTIFIC MANAGEMENT ERA. Chapter 7. The Advent of Scientific Management. Chapter 8. Spreading the Gospel of Efficiency. Chapter 9. The Human Factor: Preparing the Way. Chapter 10. The Emergence of Management and Organization Theory. Chapter 11. Scientific Management in Theory and Practice. Chapter 12. Scientific Management in Retrospect. PART III: THE SOCIAL PERSON ERA. Chapter 13. The Hawthorne Studies. Chapter 14. The Search for Organization Integration. Chapter 15. People and Organizations. Chapter 16. Organizations and People. Chapter 17. Human Relations in Concept and Practice. Chapter 18. The Social Person Era in Retrospect. PART IV: THE MODERN ERA. Chapter 19. Management Theory and Practice. Chapter 20. Organizational Behavior and Theory. Chapter 21. Science and Systems in Management. Chapter 22. Obligations and Opportunities. Chapter 23. Epilogue. Name Index. Subject Index.
Osteoporosis in a North American adult population with celiac disease

OBJECTIVE:Osteoporosis, common in European and South American adults with celiac disease, has not been reported in those patients with celiac disease residing in North America. We therefore evaluated bone density in a group of patients from the United States.METHODS:Patients (105 women and 23 men) with celiac disease, who had completed a questionnaire and had bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, were evaluated. The patients were an average age of 56 yr old (range 21–83 yr) and had been on a gluten-free diet from 0 months to 46 yr (mean 7.5 yr). RESULTS:Osteoporosis (T score <−2.5) was present in 34% of the patients at the lumbar spine, 27% at the femoral neck, and 36% at the radius. Low bone mass (T score between −1.0 and −2.5) was present in 38% at the lumbar spine, 44% at the femoral neck, and 32% at the radius. When compared to age-matched controls, men were more severely affected than women. BMD did not differ between those on a gluten-free diet and those who had not begun therapy. BMD was remeasured 16 ± 2 months after beginning a gluten-free diet in 5 patients; it increased by 7.5% at the femoral neck (p < 0.02). In 16 patients who had followed a gluten-free diet for an average of 12 yr, BMD remained stable over an additional 2 yr of observation.CONCLUSIONS:Osteoporosis and low bone mass often affect North American adults with celiac disease, whether or not they are on dietary therapy. Routine screening for osteoporosis is indicated in patients with celiac disease.
Bounding Box Accuracy in Pedestrian Detection for Intelligent Transportation Systems

This paper describes a stereo-vision-based pedestrian detection system for intelligent transportation systems. The basic components of pedestrians are first located in the image and then combined with a SVM-based classifier. Generic obstacles are located using a subtractive clustering attention mechanism based on stereo vision. A by-components learning approach is proposed and different feature extraction methods are tested in order to better deal with pedestrian variability and justify what features are better to be learnt for pedestrian detection. Candidate selection mechanisms usually yield pedestrians with inaccurate bounding boxes. Then a decrease in detection rate takes place if the SVM classifier is trained only with well-fitted pedestrians. Using several off-line databases containing thousands of pedestrians samples the effect of bounding box accuracy is studied. A multi-candidate generation mechanism is also developed in order to enhance the single frame performance, decreasing the number of false positives due to inaccurate bounding boxes
A redox‐based mechanism for the contractile and relaxing effects of NO in the guinea‐pig gall bladder

1 The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), 2,2′‐(hydroxynitrosohydrazino)bis‐ethanamine (DETA/NO) and 3‐morpholinosydnonimine (SIN‐1), NO donors which yield different NO reactive species (NO+, NO. and peroxynitrite, respectively), as well as exogenous peroxynitrite, on gall bladder contractility. 2 Under resting tone conditions, SNP induced a dose‐dependent contraction with a maximal effect (10.3 ± 0.7 mN, s.e.m.) at 1 mm. Consistent with these findings, SNP caused a concentration‐dependent depolarization of gall bladder smooth muscle. The excitatory effects of SNP were dependent on extracellular calcium entry through L‐type Ca2+ channels. Furthermore, the contraction and depolarization were sensitive to tyrosine kinase blockade, and an associated increase in tyrosine phosphorylation was detected in Western blot studies. 3 DETA/NO induced dose‐dependent relaxing effects. These relaxations were sensitive to the guanylyl cyclase inhibitor 1H‐[1,2,4]oxidiazolo[4,3‐a]quinoxaline‐1‐one (ODQ, 2 μm) but they were not altered by treatment with the potassium channel blockers tetraethylammoniun (TEA, 5 mm) and 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP, 5 mm). 4 When tested in a reducing environment (created by 2.5 mm 1,4‐dithiothreitol, DTT), SNP caused a relaxation of gall bladder muscle strips. Similarly, the SNP‐induced contraction was converted to a relaxation, and associated hyperpolarization, when DTT was added during the steady state of an SNP‐induced response. 5 SIN‐1 (0.1 mm), which has been shown to release peroxynitrite, induced relaxing effects that were enhanced by superoxide dismutase (SOD, 50 U ml−1). The relaxations induced by either SIN‐1 alone or SIN‐1 in the presence of SOD were strengthened by catalase (1000 U ml−1) and abolished by ODQ pretreatment. However, exogenous peroxynitrite induced a concentration‐dependent contraction, which was dependent on activation of leukotriene (LT) metabolism and extracellular calcium. The peroxynitrite‐induced contraction was abolished in the presence of the peroxynitrite scavenger melatonin. These results suggest that SIN‐1 behaves as an NO. rather than a peroxynitrite source. 6 We conclude that, depending on the redox state, NO has opposing effects on the motility of the gall bladder, being a relaxing agent when in NO. form and a contracting agent when in NO+ or peroxynitrite redox species form. Knowledge of the contrasting effects of the different redox forms of NO can clarify our understanding of the effects of NO donors on gall bladder and other smooth muscle cell types.
Combining Word-Level and Character-Level Models for Machine Translation Between Closely-Related Languages

We propose several techniques for improving statistical machine translation between closely-related languages with scarce resources. We use character-level translation trained on n-gram-character-aligned bitexts and tuned using word-level BLEU, which we further augment with character-based transliteration at the word level and combine with a word-level translation model. The evaluation on Macedonian-Bulgarian movie subtitles shows an improvement of 2.84 BLEU points over a phrase-based word-level baseline.