Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INVASION AND DESTRUCTION OF HOMOLOGOUS KIDNEY BY LOCALLY INOCULATED LYMPHOID CELLS

When lymphoid cell suspensions from the spleen, lymph nodes, blood, and thoracic duct of parental strain adult rats were injected beneath the renal capsule of F1 hybrid hosts, the transferred cells and/or their progeny invaded the underlying renal cortex and destroyed most of the tubules which they surrounded. The immunogenetic conditions under which this reaction was observed defined it as a graft vs. host reaction (GVHR). On the 7th day the GVHRs were histologically similar to primary renal homografts undergoing rejection. Lymphoid cells from donors tolerant to the other parental strain were inactive after transfer to the hybrid, whereas cells from either normal or sensitized donors consistently produced reactions of about equal severity. Lewis lymphoma cells displayed malignant, invasive activity but did not destroy either isologous or homologous tissue, showing that the presence of an infiltrate was not per se sufficient to damage the parenchyma. These observations indicate that the GVHRs were manifestations of the ability of the transferred lymphocytes to enter into a homograft reaction with consequent destruction of renal parenchyma, and support the hypothesis that at least some of the lymphocytes which are seen infiltrating primary homografts are the agents which effect their destruction.
An accelerated communication-efficient primal-dual optimization framework for structured machine learning

Distributed optimization algorithms are essential for training machine learning models on very large-scale datasets. However, they often suffer from communication bottlenecks. Confronting this issue, a communication-efficient primal-dual coordinate ascent framework (CoCoA) and its improved variant CoCoA+ have been proposed, achieving a convergence rate of for solving empirical risk minimization problems with Lipschitz continuous losses. In this paper, an accelerated variant of CoCoA+ is proposed and shown to possess a convergence rate of in terms of reducing suboptimality. The analysis of this rate is also notable in that the convergence rate bounds involve constants that, except in extreme cases, are significantly reduced compared to those previously provided for CoCoA+. The results of numerical experiments are provided to show that acceleration can lead to significant performance gains.
Current intravitreal pharmacologic therapies for diabetic macular edema

Abstract Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of vision loss in working-age adults; it is a highly prevalent cause of vision loss overall and has a potent impact on the quality of life in those with diabetes mellitus and public health in general. Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the most common cause of vision loss from diabetic retinopathy. In patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic hyperglycemia leads to activation of the inflammatory cascade and retinal capillary damage that result in microaneurysm formation in the retina. In addition to the possibility of associated ischemia, microaneurysms are hyperpermeable; the resultant loss of the blood–retinal barrier leads to vision loss if consequent edema involves the center of the fovea. The standard of DME therapy for >25 years was focal laser photocoagulation applied to or near the microaneurysms. However, results from clinical trials of intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) blockers and corticosteroids for the treatment of DME have led to a dramatic paradigm shift away from laser therapy to primary treatment with these pharmacologic agents. Methods: Medline literature search of approaches for treating DME. Results: Intravitreal pharmacologic treatments with anti-VEGF agents and corticosteroids have recently been shown to be superior to laser treatment of DME. Conclusion: The existence of pharmacologic treatment of DME, shown to be superior to laser monotherapy, has created a seismic change in the approach of treatment of these patients. This review provides a summary of the therapies and the rationale regarding the current pharmacologic therapy of DME.
Complex-valueo adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system-canfis

This paper reports on a novel framework for Complex-valued Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Interference System. A hybrid of ANFIS and Complex Fuzzy Sets, the CANFIS promises Lo enjoy the strong features of its predecessors in complex domain. The proposed framework could have utility in distributed and time-delayed systems. The universal approximation property of CANFIS for complex domain of functions is also proved. Finally, CANFIS is used here to approximate a simple complex function.
Racial difference in histologic subtype of renal cell carcinoma

In the United States, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has rapidly increased in incidence for over two decades. The most common histologic subtypes of RCC, clear cell, papillary, and chromophobe have distinct genetic and clinical characteristics; however, epidemiologic features of these subtypes have not been well characterized, particularly regarding any associations between race, disease subtypes, and recent incidence trends. Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, we examined differences in the age‐adjusted incidence rates and trends of RCC subtypes, including analysis focusing on racial differences. Incidence rates increased over time (2001–2009) for all three subtypes. However, the proportion of white cases with clear cell histology was higher than among blacks (50% vs. 31%, respectively), whereas black cases were more likely than white cases to have papillary RCC (23% vs. 9%, respectively). Moreover, papillary RCC incidence increased more rapidly for blacks than whites (P < 0.01) over this period. We also observed that increased incidence of papillary histology among blacks is not limited to the smallest size strata. We observed racial differences in proportionate incidence of RCC subtypes, which appear to be increasing over time; this novel finding motivates further etiologic, clinical, molecular, and genetic studies.
Shifts in meaning, purpose, and values following a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (Hiv) infection among gay men

Twenty gay men who were HIV infecled were interviewed and a qualitative methodology was utilized to understand how they found meaning, purpose and value in their lives as they confronted a life-threatening illness. The authors examined six areas of potential meaning derived deductively from thanatology literature and inductively from piloting procedures: (1) relationships (intimacy with others); (2) self-discovery; (3) spiritual fulfillment; (4) acquiring knowledge; (5) aesthetic appreciation/iivolvernent; and (6) contributing to others or society. Nearly all of the participants (85%) reported that their overall sense of meaning, purpose and value had changed since being diagnosed seropositive. The greatest number of this subgroup reported that a positwe change had occurred. Three persons (15%) felt their HIV status adversely affected their sense of meaning of life. The factor most likely to account for the positive shifts in meaning came from the realization that their time of living was limited. Relatio.
Antidepressant Suppression of Non-REM Sleep Spindles and REM Sleep Impairs Hippocampus-Dependent Learning While Augmenting Striatum-Dependent Learning

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep enhances hippocampus-dependent associative memory, but REM deprivation has little impact on striatum-dependent procedural learning. Antidepressant medications are known to inhibit REM sleep, but it is not well understood if antidepressant treatments impact learning and memory. We explored antidepressant REM suppression effects on learning by training animals daily on a spatial task under familiar and novel conditions, followed by training on a procedural memory task. Daily treatment with the antidepressant and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor desipramine (DMI) strongly suppressed REM sleep in rats for several hours, as has been described in humans. We also found that DMI treatment reduced the spindle-rich transition-to-REM sleep state (TR), which has not been previously reported. DMI REM suppression gradually weakened performance on a once familiar hippocampus-dependent maze (reconsolidation error). DMI also impaired learning of the novel maze (consolidation error). Unexpectedly, learning of novel reward positions and memory of familiar positions were equally and oppositely correlated with amounts of TR sleep. Conversely, DMI treatment enhanced performance on a separate striatum-dependent, procedural T-maze task that was positively correlated with the amounts of slow-wave sleep (SWS). Our results suggest that learning strategy switches in patients taking REM sleep-suppressing antidepressants might serve to offset sleep-dependent hippocampal impairments to partially preserve performance. State–performance correlations support a model wherein reconsolidation of hippocampus-dependent familiar memories occurs during REM sleep, novel information is incorporated and consolidated during TR, and dorsal striatum-dependent procedural learning is augmented during SWS.
StopWasting My Gradients: Practical SVRG

We present and analyze several strategies for improving the performance of stochastic variance-reduced gradient (SVRG) methods. We first show that the convergence rate of these methods can be preserved under a decreasing sequence of errors in the control variate, and use this to derive variants of SVRG that use growing-batch strategies to reduce the number of gradient calculations required in the early iterations. We further (i) show how to exploit support vectors to reduce the number of gradient computations in the later iterations, (ii) prove that the commonly-used regularized SVRG iteration is justified and improves the convergence rate, (iii) consider alternate mini-batch selection strategies, and (iv) consider the generalization error of the method.
A second glance at SN 2002ap and the M 74 field with XMM-Newton

We have re-observed the field of M 74 in January 2003 with XMM-Newton , 11 months after the X-ray detection of SN 2002ap. From a comparison of the two XMM-Newton observations we obtain more accurate values for the X-ray luminosity and colours of the source five days after the event, and a limit on its decline rate. We compare its X-ray behaviour (prompt soft X-ray emission, relatively low luminosity) with that of other type Ic SNe, and speculate that SN 2002ap may share some physical properties (low mass-loss rate and high-velocity stellar wind from the progenitor star) with the candidate hypernova/gamma-ray-burst progenitor SN 1998bw, but with a lower (non-relativistic) speed of the ejecta. We suggest that the X-ray emission observed in 2002 is likely to come from the radiatively-cooling reverse shock, at a temperature $kT \approx 0.8$ keV, and that this soft component was already detected 5 d after the event because the absorbing column density of the cool shell between the forward and reverse shocks was only ∼ 10 20 cm -2 , i.e., the shell was optically thin in the soft X-ray band. The new XMM-Newton data also allowed us to continue monitoring two bright variable sources in M 74 that had reached peak luminosities >10 39 erg s -1 in previous XMM-Newton and Chandra observations. Finally, we used two Chandra observations from 2001 to investigate the luminosity and colour distribution of the X-ray source population of M 74, typical of moderately-active late-type spirals.
FS IV 01 – 11 Information in Conflicts

Information in Conflicts by Karl Wärneryd We consider a two-player contest for a prize of common but uncertain value. We show that less resources are spent in equilibrium if one party is privately informed about the value of a prize than if either both agents are informed or neither agent is informed. Furthermore, the uninformed agent is ex ante strictly more likely to win the prize than is the informed agent.
Implementation of structured inquiry based model learning toward students' understanding of geometry

The purpose this study is implementation a structured inquiry learning model in instruction geometry. The model used is a model with a quasi-experimental study amounted to two classes of samples selected from the population of the ten classes with cluster random sampling technique. Data collection tool consists of a test item questionnaire understanding of geometry and geometric perception of students towards learning using interactive learning technology. Post test data analysis begins with understanding the concept of geometry such analysis prerequisite test for normality test using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and homogeneity test data using Levene test. Two mean difference test used was Kruskal Wallis k-independent samples of assisted program SPSS version 16. The results showed that students' understanding of the concept of geometry which acquire learning with structured inquiry model is significantly higher than the understanding of the concept of students who received conventional learning. Understanding the concept of geometry students with interactive learning technology is better than the understanding of the concept of students with conventional learning. There is a positive interaction between the application of structured inquiry learning model by using interactive learning technology for students' understanding of the concept of geometry.
Modeling of Osmotic Dehydration Kinetics of Banana Slices using Artificial Neural Network

Osmotic dehydration of fruits is one of the oldest forms of food preservation techniques known to man. Osmotic dehydration is affected by several factors such as osmotic agent, solute concentration, temperature, time, size, and shape and tissue compactness of the material, agitation and solution/sample ratio. The application of osmotic dehydration includes musk melon, banana, papaya, mango, onion slices cucumber and carrot. Artificial Neural Network is a black box tool for the modeling of processes involving multivariable non linear relationships. The present work is aimed at the study of effect of time, temperature and concentration of osmotic solution on the weight reduction for the process of osmotic dehydration of banana slices. The experimental data of osmotic dehydration kinetics generated have been used to develop a mathematical model using regression analysis. Artificial neural network models having different topologies are developed. The comparison between ANN models is carried out based on the relative error values of all the output data points. ANN model 1 is observed to be superior than model 2. The comparison is also carried out between the output values obtained by ANN model 1 and the mathematical model using regression analysis.
Iron Emission Lines on the Galactic Ridge Observed with Suzaku

In order to elucidate the origin of galactic ridge X-ray emission, we analyzed Suzaku data taken at various regions along the galactic plane, and studied their Fe-K emission line features. Suzaku resolved the Fe line complex into three narrow lines at � 6.4 keV, � 6.7 keV and � 6.97 keV, which are K-lines from neutral (or low-ionized), He-like, and H-like iron respectively. The 6.7 keV line is clearly seen in all of the observed regions, and its longitudinal distribution is consistent with that determined from previous observations. The 6.4 keV emission line was also found
Perceptions of Present and Future Capability among a Sample of Rural British Columbia Youth

A cross-sectional survey explored 96 rural adolescents’ perceptions of their rural context and how their self-concept is related to perceptions of capability regarding hopes and fears for the future. The youth surveyed, from the Kootenay Boundary region of British Columbia, indicated ambivalence about staying in their communities after leaving high school, although many generally liked living there. Findings reveal a positive correlation between a high estimation of capability for obtaining a future hoped-for self and a high self-concept rating. This result has implications for rural youth, including building self-esteem through fostering perceptions of capability and increasing community engagement.
Chloroplastic thioredoxin m functions as a major regulator of Calvin cycle enzymes during photosynthesis in vivo.

Thioredoxins (Trxs) regulate the activity of various chloroplastic proteins in a light-dependent manner. Five types of Trxs function in different physiological processes in the chloroplast of Arabidopsis thaliana. Previous in vitro experiments have suggested that the f-type Trx (Trx f) is the main redox regulator of chloroplast enzymes, including Calvin cycle enzymes. To investigate the in vivo contribution of each Trx isoform to the redox regulatory system, we first quantified the protein concentration of each Trx isoform in the chloroplast stroma. The m-type Trx (Trx m), which consists of four isoforms, was the most abundant type. Next, we analyzed several Arabidopsis Trx-m-deficient mutants to elucidate the physiological role of Trx m in vivo. Deficiency of Trx m impaired plant growth and decreased the CO2 assimilation rate. We also determined the redox state of Trx target enzymes to examine their photo-reduction, which is essential for enzyme activation. In the Trx-m-deficient mutants, the reduction level of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase was lower than that in the wild type. Inconsistently with the historical view, our in vivo study suggested that Trx m plays a more important role than Trx f in the activation of Calvin cycle enzymes.
Minimal number of singular fibers in a Lefschetz fibration

There exists a (relatively minimal) genus g Lefschetz fibration with only one singular fiber over a closed (Riemann) surface of genus h iff g ≥ 3 and h ≥ 2. The singular fiber can be chosen to be reducible or irreducible. Other results are that every Dehn twist on a closed surface of genus at least three is a product of two commutators and no Dehn twist on any closed surface is equal to a single commutator.
Gastrostomy use in motor neurone disease (MND): A review, meta-analysis and survey of current practice

Abstract Gastrostomy feeding is commonly used to support MND patients with dysphagia. In this paper we review three main methods of gastrostomy insertion (PEG, RIG, PIG); conduct a meta-analysis of mortality data following gastrostomy; and present a survey of current practice. A review of the literature revealed a lack of high quality evidence to indicate the optimal method and timing for gastrostomy insertion in patients with MND. A survey of 20 MND clinics demonstrated a clinic-based variability of gastrostomy practices due to factors such as clinician preference, availability of method, and patient respiratory function. The meta-analysis demonstrated that the estimate of the absolute difference in mortality rates was 2.1% higher for PEG (− 6.3%, + 11.2%), suggesting that RIG and PIG methods may be safer than PEG. These results and observations highlight the need for more research to evaluate and compare the safety of the differerent gastrostomy insertion methods in MND care.
Deformation Quantization of a Class of Open Systems

We give an approach to open quantum systems based on well-known results of formal deformation quantization. It is shown that a certain class of classical open systems can be systematically quantized (in the sense of formal deformation quantization) into a quantum open system preserving the complete positivity of the open time evolution. The usual example of linearly coupled harmonic oscillators shows that some convergent models are included.
Molecular Insights into the pH-Dependent Adsorption and Removal of Ionizable Antibiotic Oxytetracycline by Adsorbent Cyclodextrin Polymers

Effects of pH on adsorption and removal efficiency of ionizable organic compounds (IOCs) by environmental adsorbents are an area of debate, because of its dual mediation towards adsorbents and adsorbate. Here, we probe the pH-dependent adsorption of ionizable antibiotic oxytetracycline (comprising OTCH2 +, OTCH±, OTC−, and OTC2−) onto cyclodextrin polymers (CDPs) with the nature of molecular recognition and pH inertness. OTCH± commonly has high adsorption affinity, OTC− exhibits moderate affinity, and the other two species have negligible affinity. These species are evidenced to selectively interact with structural units (e.g., CD cavity, pore channel, and network) of the polymers and thus immobilized onto the adsorbents to different extents. The differences in adsorption affinity and mechanisms of the species account for the pH-dependent adsorption of OTC. The mathematical equations are derived from the multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis of quantitatively relating adsorption affinity of OTC at varying pH to adsorbent properties. A combination of the MLR analysis for OTC and molecular recognition of adsorption of the species illustrates the nature of the pH-dependent adsorption of OTC. Based on this finding, γ-HP-CDP is chosen to adsorb and remove OTC at pH 5.0 and 7.0, showing high removal efficiency and strong resistance to the interference of coexisting components.
“I am” versus “we are”: Effects of distinctive variants of self-talk on efficacy beliefs and motor performance

Abstract Before completing a team-based dart-throwing activity, 80 undergraduates were randomly assigned to one of three pre-performance self-talk conditions: (a) self-talk statements that focused upon one's personal capabilities, (b) self-talk statements emphasizing the group's capabilities, or (c) a control condition where neutral statements were implemented. Participants in all conditions subsequently rated their confidence in their own (i.e. self-efficacy) as well as their team's (i.e. collective efficacy) capabilities, before carrying out the task. Overall, self-efficacy, collective efficacy, and performance indicators were all greatest for individuals who practised self-talk focusing on the group's capabilities, as opposed to individual-focused and neutral conditions. Findings are considered with respect to their novel theoretical contribution to the social cognition literature and their implications for fostering efficacy perceptions and team performance.
Model-based classification and novelty detection for point pattern data

Point patterns are sets or multi-sets of unordered elements that can be found in numerous data sources. However, in data analysis tasks such as classification and novelty detection, appropriate statistical models for point pattern data have not received much attention. This paper proposes the modelling of point pattern data via random finite sets (RFS). In particular, we propose appropriate likelihood functions, and a maximum likelihood estimator for learning a tractable family of RFS models. In novelty detection, we propose novel ranking functions based on RFS models, which substantially improve performance.
Syntax-Driven Sentence Revision for Broadcast News Summarization

We propose a method of revising lead sentences in a news broadcast. Unlike many other methods proposed so far, this method does not use the coreference relation of noun phrases (NPs) but rather, insertion and substitution of the phrases modifying the same head chunk in lead and other sentences. The method borrows an idea from the sentence fusion methods and is more general than those using NP coreferencing as ours includes them. We show in experiments the method was able to find semantically appropriate revisions thus demonstrating its basic feasibility. We also show that that parsing errors mainly degraded the sentential completeness such as grammaticality and redundancy.