Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RESEARCH: Situational and Denominational Differences in Religious Coping

This study examined situational and denominational differences in the use of religious coping activities. A sample of 153 members of Catholic (n = 75) and Disciples of Christ (n = 78) churches read hypothetical vignettes representing three types of stressful situations (the death of one's father, being in a sailboat during a storm, a job promotion) and were assessed on the types of religious coping strategies that they would employ in each situation. Both the type of stressful situation and religious denomination significantly influenced participants' ratings of the extent to which they would engage in various religious coping activities. Participants reported that they would use the majority of the coping strategies measured to a significantly greater extent in response to the death of their father as compared to the other two vignettes. Catholics reported that they would engage in significantly more coping activities involving pleading with God and experiencing feelings of discontent than Disciples of Christ members.
An ECG simulator for generating maternal-foetal activity mixtures on abdominal ECG recordings

Accurate foetal electrocardiogram (FECG) morphology extraction from non-invasive sensors remains an open problem. This is partly due to the paucity of available public databases. Even when gold standard information (i.e derived from the scalp electrode) is present, the collection of FECG can be problematic, particularly during stressful or clinically important events. In order to address this problem we have introduced an FECG simulator based on earlier work on foetal and adult ECG modelling. The open source foetal ECG synthetic simulator, fecgsyn, is able to generate maternal-foetal ECG mixtures with realistic amplitudes, morphology, beat-to-beat variability, heart rate changes and noise. Positional (rotation and translation-related) movements in the foetal and maternal heart due to respiration, foetal activity and uterine contractions were also added to the simulator. The simulator was used to generate some of the signals that were part of the 2013 PhysioNet Computing in Cardiology Challenge dataset and has been posted on Physionet.org (together with scripts to generate realistic scenarios) under an open source license. The toolbox enables further research in the field and provides part of a standard for industry and regulatory testing of rare pathological scenarios.
Comprehensive code stroke program to reduce reperfusion delay for in-hospital stroke patients

Background Stroke may occur during hospital admission (in-hospital stroke). Although patients with in-hospital stroke are potentially good candidates for reperfusion therapy, they often do not receive treatment as rapidly as expected. Aims We investigated the effect of a code stroke program for in-hospital stroke, which included the use of computerized physician order entry, specific evaluation and treatment protocols for in-hospital stroke patients, and regular education of medical staffs. Methods We implemented the program in the cardiology and cardiovascular surgery departments/wards (target-ward group) in November 2008. We compared time intervals from symptom onset to evaluation and reperfusion treatment before and after program implementation between the target-ward and other departments/wards (other-ward group). Results Among 70 consecutive in-hospital stroke patients who received reperfusion therapy between July 2002 and February 2015, 28 and 42 were treated before and after program implementation, respectively. After program implementation, time intervals from symptom onset to neurology notification (50 min vs. 28 min; P = 0.033), symptom onset to brain imaging (91 min vs. 41 min; P < 0.001), and symptom recognition to notification (22 min vs. 9 min; P = 0.011) were reduced in the target-ward group. Finally, times from symptom onset to intravenous tissue plasminogen activator administration and to arterial puncture were reduced by 55 min (120 min vs. 65 min; P < 0.001) and 130 min (295 min vs. 165 min; P < 0.001), respectively. However, time reductions in the other-ward group were not significant. Conclusions The comprehensive program for in-hospital stroke that included the use of computerized physician order entry was effective in reducing time intervals to evaluation and reperfusion therapy.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Oocyte Developmental Competence

Folliculogenesis is a complex process, in which multiple endocrine and intraovarian paracrine interactions create a changing intrafollicular microenvironment for appropriate oocyte development. Within this microenvironment, bidirectional cumulus cell-oocyte signaling governs the gradual acquisition of developmental competence by the oocyte, defined as the ability of the oocyte to complete meiosis and undergo fertilization, embryogenesis, and term development. These regulatory mechanisms of follicle growth, controlled in part by the oocyte itself, are susceptible to derangement in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a heterogeneous syndrome characterized by ovarian hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and paracrine dysregulation of follicle development. Consequently, only a subset of PCOS patients experience reduced pregnancy outcome after ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization. Recent data implicate functional associations between endocrine/paracrine abnormalities, metabolic dysfunction, and altered oocyte gene expression with impaired oocyte developmental competence in women with PCOS. Therefore, an understanding of how developmentally relevant endocrine/paracrine factors interact to promote optimal oocyte developmental is crucial to identify those PCOS patients who might benefit from long-term correction of follicle growth to improve fertility, optimize follicular responsiveness to gonadotropin therapy, and enhance pregnancy outcome by in vitro fertilization. Editor’s Note: Dr. Dumesic, the first author of the insightful and informative overview of the molecular and pathologic abnormalities underpinning the varying degrees of severity of polycystic ovary syndrome, presented a lecture on this topic at the annual meeting of the Endocrine Society in Toronto in June, 2007. I was so stimulated by his presentation that I asked him to write this review for the SURVEY. I hope that our readers find it as thoughtful and perceptive as I did—RBJ. (As a disclaimer: Dr. Dumesic was a postdoctoral reproductive endocrinology fellow in my laboratory from 1985 to 1987.) Target Audience: Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians Learning Objectives: After completion of this article, the reader should be able to explain that oocyte developmental competence in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is very complicated, with multiple interactions between endocrine, metabolic, and altered gene expression, and recall that it is related to a syndrome of ovarian hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and paracrine dysregulation of follicle development.
To drink or not to drink? Young Australians negotiating the social imperative to drink to intoxication

It is commonly argued that many young people in Australia inhabit a culture of intoxication. There has been little research on how young people find resistances within this culture. In this article we document how young people above the legal drinking age negotiate the dominant cultural logic of drinking to intoxication and explore how they conceptualise options of not drinking. The analysis draws from 60 semi-structured, mixed-method interviews about alcohol use conducted in 2007–8 in Victoria, Australia. We document the strong social imperative for young people to drink to intoxication at social events. Our results suggest that choosing not to drink carries the risk of social exclusion. To manage these pressures young people adopt specific socially legitimate subject positions for not drinking. Understanding the limited social possibilities and modes of resistance to intoxication is important for understanding the apparent hegemony of the culture of intoxication in mainstream youth cultures.
The methodology of economics: Frontmatter

This book is an examination of the nature of economic explanation. The opening chapters introduce current thinking in the philosophy of science and review the literature on methodology. Professor Blaug then turns to the troublesome question of the logical status of welfare economics, giving the reader an understanding of the outstanding issues in the methodology of economics. This is followed by a series of case studies of leading economic controversies, which shows how controversies in economics may be illuminated by paying attention to questions of methodology. A final chapter draws the strands together and gives the author's view of what is wrong with modern economics. This book is a revised and updated edition of a classic work on the methodology of economics, in which Professor Blaug develops his discussion of the latest developments in macroeconomics, general equilibrium theory and international trade theory. A new section on the rationality postulate is also added.
Dating, sex, and substance use predict increases in adolescents' subjective age across two years

This study examined the nature of the relationship between adolescents' subjective age (how old they feel) and chronological age, and explored whether dating, sex, and substance use predicted increases in adolescents' subjective age across a two-year period. The participants were 570 adolescents who were interviewed when they were first ages 12—19 and again two years later (ages 14—21). Results were that a quadratic function characterized the relationship between chronological and subjective age: subjective age increased from age 14 to 18.25 years, and then declined. Adolescents who dated, reported having sex, used alcohol, and used drugs at time 1 experienced an increased subjective age, that is, they felt older than less experienced adolescents by time 2. An older subjective age at time 1 did not predict increases in dating, sex, and substance use behaviors, with one exception: smoking. The results are consistent with theories assuming that self-perceptions of maturity may arise from engaging in “adult-like” behaviors.
A Note on Permutation Tests for Variance Components in Multilevel Generalized Linear Mixed Models

Summary In many applications of generalized linear mixed models to multilevel data, it is of interest to test whether a random effects variance component is zero. It is well known that the usual asymptotic chi‐square distribution of the likelihood ratio and score statistics under the null does not necessarily hold. In this note we propose a permutation test, based on randomly permuting the indices associated with a given level of the model, that has the correct Type I error rate under the null. Results from a simulation study suggest that it is more powerful than tests based on mixtures of chi‐square distributions. The proposed test is illustrated using data on the familial aggregation of sleep disturbance.
Enhancing the Gene-Environment Interaction Framework Through a Quasi-Experimental Research Design: Evidence from Differential Responses to September 11

This article uses a gene-environment interaction framework to examine the differential responses to an objective external stressor based on genetic variation in the production of depressive symptoms. This article advances the literature by utilizing a quasi-experimental environmental exposure design, as well as a regression discontinuity design, to control for seasonal trends, which limit the potential for gene-environment correlation and allow stronger causal claims. Replications are attempted for two prominent genes (5-HTT and MAOA), and three additional genes are explored (DRD2, DRD4, and DAT1). This article provides evidence of a main effect of 9/11 on reports of feelings of sadness and fails to replicate a common finding of interaction using 5-HTT but does show support for interaction with MAOA in men. It also provides new evidence that variation in the DRD4 gene modifies an individual’s response to the exposure, with individuals with no 7-repeats found to have a muted response.
Unsupervised Word Usage Similarity in Social Media Texts

We propose an unsupervised method for automatically calculating word usage similarity in social media data based on topic modelling, which we contrast with a baseline distributional method and Weighted Textual Matrix Factorization. We evaluate these methods against a novel dataset made up of human ratings over 550 Twitter message pairs annotated for usage similarity for a set of 10 nouns. The results show that our topic modelling approach outperforms the other two methods.
The Minimally Important Difference for the Fatigue Visual Analog Scale in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Followed in an Academic Clinical Practice

Objective To estimate the minimally important difference (MID) for a fatigue visual analog scale (VAS) using patient-reported anchors (fatigue, pain, and overall health). Methods Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA; n = 307) had 2 clinic visits at a median of 5.9 months apart. They completed a fatigue VAS (0–10 scale) and the retrospective anchor items, “How would you describe your overall fatigue/pain/overall health since the last visit? ” with response options: Much worsened, Somewhat worsened, Same, Somewhat better, or Much better. The fatigue anchor was used for primary analysis and the pain/overall health anchors for sensitivity analyses. The minimally changed group was defined by those reporting they were somewhat better or somewhat worsened. Results The mean [standard deviation (SD)] age was 59.4 (13.2) years, disease duration was 14.1 (11.5) years, and 83% of patients were women. The baseline mean (SD) Health Assessment Questionnaire–Disability Index score was 0.84 (0.75). The baseline fatigue VAS score was 4.2 (2.9) and at followup was 4.3 (2.8) [mean change of −0.07 (2.5); p = not significant]. The fatigue change score (0–10 scale) for Somewhat better and Somewhat worsened for the fatigue anchor averaged −1.12 and 1.26, respectively. Using the pain anchor, the fatigue change score for Somewhat better and Somewhat worsened averaged −0.87 and 1.13; and using the global anchor, the fatigue change score for Somewhat better and Somewhat worsened averaged −0.82 and 1.17, respectively. Effect size estimates using 3 anchors were small for the Somewhat better (range 0.27–0.39) and Somewhat worsened (0.40–0.44) groups, but larger than for the no-change group (0.03–0.08). Conclusion The MID for fatigue VAS is between −0.82 for −1.12 for improvement and is 1.13 to 1.26 for worsening on a 0–10 scale in a large RA clinical practice, and is similar to that seen in RA clinical trials. This information can aid in interpreting fatigue VAS in day-to-day care in clinical practice
Visual working memory retains movement information within an allocentric reference frame

What frame of reference do we use to remember observed movements? One possibility is that visual working memory (VWM) retains movement information using a retinotopic frame of reference: A coordinate system with respect to the retina that retains view-dependent information. Alternatively, VWM might retain movement information using an allocentric frame of reference: A coordinate system with respect to the scene that retains view-invariant information. To address this question, I examined whether VWM retains view-dependent or view-invariant movement information. Results show that (1) observers have considerable difficulty remembering from which viewpoints they observed movements after a few seconds' delay, and (2) the same number of movements can be retained in VWM whether the movements are encoded and tested from the same viewpoint or from different viewpoints. Thus, movement representations contain little to no view-dependent information, which suggests that VWM uses an allocentric reference frame to retain movement information.
Organizational Injustice as an Occupational Health Risk

Abstract Content to conceive of inequity distress as a hypothetical construct instead of an intervening variable, a half century of research inspired by equity theory has paid little attention to measuring inequity distress. At the turn of the twenty‐first century, however, European epidemiologists, interested in determinants of ill health, found that injustice is a source of adverse emotional reactions that put people at risk for mental and physical morbidity (e.g., depression and coronary heart disease). This research is reviewed here, along with studies identifying pathways accounting for these connections. Specifically, perceived injustices lead to negative emotional reactions and to unhealthy behaviors (e.g., being sedentary, smoking, and drinking excessively), both of which trigger various negative bodily reactions (e.g., elevated serum lipids). These, in turn, subsequently put people at risk of illness. Research has found that such effects are mitigated by organizational interventions that promote .
Cultural diversity in the curriculum: perceptions and attitudes of Irish hospitality and tourism academics

Academics are facing significant challenges in preparing indigenous students for employment in the multicultural working environment of hospitality and tourism organisations. In dealing with the impact of the new skills and flexibilities demanded by increasing globalisation, the indigenous workforce needs to possess a multicultural perspective and the adaptive skills and mindsets to integrate more inclusively in diverse work settings. This article explores the nature of cultural diversity within the Irish hospitality and tourism workforce (in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland). An attempt is made to identify the challenges that hospitality and tourism educators face in implementing education for cultural diversity within the curriculum in order to prepare indigenous students (and indeed local industry staff) for employment within a multicultural workforce. The main themes analysed include: training requirements; educators’ requirements; programme content and learning outcomes; assessment methods; and methods of programme delivery.
A comprehensive investigation of gate oxide breakdown of P+Poly/PFETs under inversion mode

Breakdown (BD) characteristics and electron transport across thin SiO<sub>2</sub> films has been thoroughly investigated for P+Poly-Si gate/PFET devices stressed under inversion mode. We resolve the anomalies in T<sub>BD</sub>/Q<sub>BD</sub> polarity dependence and shallower Weibull slopes commonly observed in PFET for T<sub>OX</sub>>2nm. For thin oxides (1.8nm<T<sub>OX</sub><2.9nm), Q<sub>BD</sub> data and Weibull slopes are found to be in excellent agreement with those of NFETs by considering valence-band electron tunneling. For ultra-thin oxides (T <sub>OX</sub><1.8nm), using an improved new BD detection methodology, the derived Q<sub>BD</sub> results show reasonable agreement with those of thick oxides
Intraperitoneal bupivacaine or lidocaine does not provide analgesia after total abdominal hysterectomy.

We have compared pain scores at rest and on standardized movement, and morphine consumption using patient-controlled analgesia in 60 patients who had undergone total abdominal hysterectomy. Patients were allocated randomly to one of three groups: in the saline group, 0.9% sodium chloride 50 ml was administered into the pelvic cavity before closure of the peritoneum; in the second group, the solution administered was 20 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine solution with epinephrine 1:200,000 diluted with saline to a final volume of 50 ml; in the third group, the solution used was 20 ml [corrected] of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:200,000 diluted with saline to a final volume of 50 ml. We found that there was no significant difference between the three groups in visual analogue pain scores at 8, 12, 36 or 48 h after operation at rest or on movement, and no significant difference in sedation or dose of antiemetic administered. Mean morphine consumption in the first 24 h was 54.6 (SEM 5.9) mg in the saline group, 55.5 (6.4) mg in the bupivacaine group and 52.5 (5.3) mg in the lidocaine group. In the second 24 h, morphine consumption was 34.9 (6.6) mg, 28.1 (3.5) mg and 28.0 (3.5) mg in the three groups, respectively. We conclude that i.p. administration of local anaesthetic solution into the pelvic cavity did not confer appreciable analgesia in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy.
An experimental evaluation to determine if port scans are precursors to an attack

This paper describes an experimental approach to determine the correlation between port scans and attacks. Discussions in the security community often state that port scans should be considered as precursors to an attack. However, very few studies have been conducted to quantify the validity of this hypothesis. In this paper, attack data were collected using a test-bed dedicated to monitoring attackers. The data collected consist of port scans, ICMP scans, vulnerability scans, successful attacks and management traffic. Two experiments were performed to validate the hypothesis of linking port scans and vulnerability scans to the number of packets observed per connection. Customized scripts were then developed to filter the collected data and group them on the basis of scans and attacks between a source and destination IP address pair. The correlation of the filtered data groups was assessed. The analyzed data consists of forty-eight days of data collection for two target computers on a heavily utilized subnet.
My Fair Physicist? Feminine Math and Science Role Models Demotivate Young Girls

Women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) are labeled unfeminine, a costly social label that may discourage female students from pursuing these fields. Challenges to this stereotype include feminine STEM role models, but their counterstereotypic-yet-feminine success may actually be demotivating, particularly to young girls. Study 1 showed that feminine STEM role models reduced middle school girls’ current math interest, self-rated ability, and success expectations relative to gender-neutral STEM role models and depressed future plans to study math among STEM-disidentified girls. These results did not extend to feminine role models displaying general (not STEM-specific) school success, indicating that feminine cues were not driving negative outcomes. Study 2 suggested that feminine STEM role models’ combination of femininity and success seemed particularly unattainable to STEM-disidentified girls. The results call for a better understanding of feminine STEM figures aimed at motivating young girls.
Infant sleep problems and emotional health: a review of two behavioural approaches

Background: Infant sleep problems (ISP) are among the most common reasons for which parents seek advice from health professionals. A substantial literature supports the efficacy and effectiveness of behavioural approaches, based on the principal of extinction, in treating ISP. Questions have been raised, however, about the potential negative effects of temporarily withholding responding to infant crying during sleep‐time to infant mental health. Critics of this strategy have advocated an alternative approach where parents are immediately responsive to signs of infant distress. Aims: To evaluate critically the evidence for and against these approaches in infants aged 6–24 months, with particular reference to issues of clinical effectiveness and infant mental health. Discussion is included of clinical implications and cultural and attachment factors impacting on parents’ preferences for settling methods. Results: The weight of clinical effectiveness empirical support is with extinction‐based interventions. Moreover, the core arguments against this approach regarding disruption to the infant’s mental health do not have empirical support, with available studies indicating either no change or modest improvements to the infant’s mental health. At this stage the onus is on proponents of the immediate‐responding approach to undertake effectiveness research. Well‐designed comparative studies would also help to advance this debate.