Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increased apoptosis, curtailed expansion and incomplete differentiation of CD8+ T cells combine to decrease clearance of L. monocytogenes in old mice

Aging is accompanied by altered immunity, resulting in a variable state of poorly understood immunodeficiency. While both the numbers and the functionality of naïve T cells are decreased by aging, the impact of these changes upon immune defense against bacterial pathogens in vivo remains understudied. Using a model of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), where the primary CD8+ T‐cell response is critically important for immune defense, we show that C57BL/6 (B6) mice exhibit an age‐dependent reduction in survival, with delayed bacterial clearance in old animals. Kinetic analysis of antigen‐specific CD8+ T‐cell expansion showed that CD8+ effectors begin dividing at the same time in old and adult mice, but that the proliferative burst remained incomplete during discrete windows of time and was coupled with increased effector apoptosis in old mice. Further, antilisterial CD8+ T cells in old mice showed altered expression of key phenotypic and effector molecules and diminished polyfunctionality, measured by the ability to simultaneously produce multiple effector molecules. These results suggest that defects in functional maturation of CD8+ cells in aged mice, compounded by (or perhaps coupled to) their reduced expansion in response to infection, yield effector CD8+ T‐cell populations insufficient in size and capability to effectively clear newly encountered intracellular pathogens.
Understanding How Prior Knowledge Influences Memory in Older Adults

Older adults have a harder time than younger adults remembering specific events and experiences (episodic memory), whereas the ability to use one’s general knowledge either improves or remains stable over the life span. Our focus is on the sometimes overlooked but critical possibility that this intact general knowledge can facilitate older adults’ episodic memory performance. After reviewing literature that shows how prior knowledge can support remembering in aging as well as lead it astray, we consider open questions including whether prior knowledge is used only to fill in the gaps after a memory failure and when older adults might need to be instructed to apply their prior knowledge. Overall, we situate our claims within theories of cognitive aging, arguing that prior knowledge is a key factor in understanding older adults’ memory performance, with the potential to serve as a compensatory mechanism.
A study on the prevalence of depression and its risk factors among adult population of Siliguri subdivision of Darjeeling district, West Bengal

Introduction: Considering morbidity and mortality, depression is a burning issue in the modern civilization. Early diagnosis and treatment significantly reduces the incidence of morbidity and mortality. In this context, the present study was conducted to find the prevalence and associated factors of depression among adult population of Siliguri subdivision, Darjeeling district, West Bengal. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adult population (≥18 years) of Siliguri subdivision of Darjeeling district, West Bengal. Thirty-cluster sampling method was used to identify the study participants. Beck's depression inventory–II was used as the screening tool. Binary logistic regression was done to find the associated factors of depression using IBM SPSS software Version 20.0 (Armonk, New York). Results: Overall, 36% of the study participants were depressed and 11% were significantly depressed. In binary logistic regression, female gender, rural resident, and lower educational status were found to be significantly associated with depression. Conclusion: Screening of depression and early identification of associated factors helps in reducing the adverse outcome of depression. More than one-third of the population depressed and there were some modifiable associated factors such as educational status and rural residence.
CONDITIONS OF HILLING HABITAT OF CHELONIA MYDAS (GREEN TURTLE) IN PANGUMBAHAN BEACH UJUNG GENTENG, SUKABUMI SELATAN

Research on the condition of the nesting habitat of Chelonia mydas (green turtle) in Pangumbahan Beach, Ujung Genteng, South Sukabumi has been carried out. Data retrieval is done 6 times for 2 days, 27-28 November 2017 at 3 observation stations. The abiotic parameters measured include surface temperature and depth of 50 cm, surface humidity and depth of 50 cm, beach width, beach slope, and the size of sand grains. While the biotic parameters measured were density, relative density, the frequency of attendance, and distribution patterns of Pandanus tectorius (sea pandanus) vegetation. Based on the results of data processing, the biophysical conditions in Pangumbahan Beach are still suitable for the Chelonia mydas nesting habitat. It also got clear evidence of the many Chelonia mydas landings during the data collection.
A Comparative Study of Minoxidil-Induced Myocardial Lesions in Beagle Dogs and Miniature Swine 1

Minoxidil, a long-acting vasodilating antihypertensive agent, reduces arterial blood pressure by a direct action on arteriolar smooth muscle. The present studies examined the gross anatomic, histologic and ultra-structural myocardial alterations produced by 2 daily doses of minoxidil in beagle dogs (0.5, 1, or 3 mg/kg) and miniature swine (1, 3, or 10 mg/kg). Both myocardial necroses and hemorrhages were observed in dogs and pigs 24 hr after the last dose of minoxidil. In both species, the necroses were most frequent in the left ventricular papillary muscles, particularly the posterior one, but were less severe in swine. An ischemic origin of the necroses was suggested by the location of the lesions and by the pharmacologic effects of minoxidil. Gross epicardial or endocardial hemorrhages involving the atria and, to a lesser extent, the ventricles were observed in both species but were more severe in dogs. The atrial lesions were manifested grossly by diffuse redness and microscopically by interstitial edema, extravasated erythrocytes and infiltration of mononuclear cells. Hemorrhages, occurring on the epicardial surfaces, were often associated with lesions that involved small arteries having 3–6 layers of medial smooth muscle cells and were characterized by endothelial injury, intramural accumulations of erythrocytes and platelets, periadventitial hemorrhage, fibrin deposits and an inflammatory cell reaction. These lesions preferentially involved the right atrium in dogs and the left atrium in pigs. Pretreatment of beagle dogs with pyribenzamine (3 doses of 6 mg/kg every 8 hr), cimetidine (3 doses of 15 mg/kg every 8 hr), or both, had no effect on the incidence or severity of minoxidil-induced hemorrhagic lesions. The hemorrhagic lesions may be caused by overstretching of the vascular walls due to excessive, prolonged vasodilatation.
Genetic Dissection of Vα14Jα18 Natural T Cell Number and Function in Autoimmune-Prone Mice1

Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, a model for type I diabetes (TID), have reduced numbers of invariant Vα14Jα18 TCR α-chain-positive natural T (iNKT) cells that do not release IL-4 in response to in vivo activation through their Ag receptor. The deficit in iNKT cell number and function is implicated in immune dysregulation and the etiology of TID. Therefore, we reasoned that the genetic determinant(s) that controls iNKT cell number and function might lie within Idd (insulin-dependent diabetes susceptibility locus) regions, which are known to contain TID resistance or susceptibility genes. A systematic analysis of iNKT cell number and function in Idd congenic mice revealed that neither iNKT cell number nor their inability to rapidly secrete IL-4 in response to acute in vivo activation by Ag underlies the mechanism of protection from diabetes in Idd congenic mice. Moreover, the regulation of iNKT cell number and function appears to be under the control of several genes. The most notable of these map to the Idd4, Idd5, Idd9.1, and Idd13 regions of the mouse genome. Together these findings provide a clue to the genetic mechanism(s) underlying iNKT cell deficiency in NOD mice.
Porous piezoceramics: theory, technology, and properties

A comprehensive review of porosity origin, microstructure peculiarities, fabrication methods, and mathematical models, as well as systematic experimental data for different porous piezoceramics with 3-0/3-3 connectivity is presented. New families of porous piezoceramics based on lead zirconate titanate (PZT), lead titanate, lead metaniobate, and sodium-potassium niobate compositions, with properties combining better parameters of PZT, PN-type ceramics, and 1-3 composites are introduced. Piezoelectric resonance analysis methods for automatic iterative evaluation of complex material parameters and the full sets of complex constants for different porous piezoceramics are presented. Numerical FEM calculations were critically compared with the results of various approximated formulas, unit cell models, and experimental data for different porous piezoceramics. Microstructural and physical mechanisms of losses and dispersion in porous piezoceramics, as well as technological aspects of their large-scale manufacture and application in ultrasonic devices were considered. The results of SEM microstructure analysis and microstructure-properties interrelations were discussed. Recent advances in fabrication methods for nano- and microporous piezoceramics and ceramic piezocomposites were discussed.
N-acetyltransferase 2 Phenotype, Occupation, and Bladder Cancer Risk: Results from the EPIC Cohort

Background: An association between N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) slow acetylation and bladder cancer has been consistently observed in epidemiologic studies. However, evidence has been mainly derived from case–control studies and was sparse from cohort studies. We evaluated the association between NAT2 slow acetylation and bladder cancer in a case–control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Methods: Exposure to aromatic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) could be assessed for 754 cases and 833 controls for whom occupational information was documented. A semiquantitative job-exposure matrix was applied to at-risk occupations to estimate the exposure as low, medium, or high based on tertiles of the distribution of the exposure score in controls. Using a comprehensive genotyping, NAT2 acetylation status could be categorized from 6-single-nucleotide polymorphism genotypes as slow or fast in 607 cases and 695 controls with DNA from archived blood samples. Results: Occupational exposure to aromatic amines and PAH was associated with an increased bladder cancer risk [upper tertile of the distribution of the exposure score: OR = 1.37; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–1.84, and OR = 1.50; 95% CI, 1.09–2.05, respectively]. NAT2 slow acetylation did not modify these risk estimates and was not itself associated with bladder cancer risk (OR = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.81–1.29). Conclusions: These findings confirm established or suspected occupational risk factors but not the anticipated role of NAT2 slow acetylation in bladder cancer. No interaction was detected between NAT2 and any exposure of interest, including smoking. Impact: Genetic testing for NAT2 would be inappropriate in occupational settings. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(11); 2055–65. ©2013 AACR.
Effects of exenatide once weekly plus dapagliflozin, exenatide once weekly, or dapagliflozin, added to metformin monotherapy, on body weight, systolic blood pressure, and triglycerides in patients with type 2 diabetes in the DURATION‐8 study

This post hoc analysis assessed the effects on cardiovascular risk factors of body weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and triglycerides after 28 weeks’ treatment with exenatide once weekly plus dapagliflozin, as compared with exenatide once weekly or dapagliflozin, in patient subpopulations from the DURATION‐8 trial of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled with metformin alone. Subgroups of patients were stratified according to their baseline body weight, SBP and triglyceride levels. Body weight, SBP and triglyceride levels were reduced across most respective subgroups, with no significant subgroup‐by‐treatment interactions. For each treatment, weight loss was numerically greater as baseline body mass index increased. SBP reductions were greater among patients with SBP ≥140 vs <140 mm Hg for exenatide once weekly plus dapagliflozin and exenatide once weekly. Reductions in triglyceride levels were greater among patients with baseline triglycerides <1.69 vs ≥1.69 mmol/L for each treatment. The combination of exenatide once weekly plus dapagliflozin reduced cardiovascular risk factors across baseline subgroups for each variable to a greater extent than did either individual drug; the greatest effects were observed in the high baseline subgroups for body weight and SBP.
Demographic, Socio-Economic Factors and Physical Activity Affecting the Nutritional Status of Young Children Under Five Years

Background: Modern lifestyle extends the umbrella of social responsibility for provision of appropria te nutritionally balanced foods to children of all age groups in particular the children under 5 years of age of all socio-economic groups of civil society which starts from home leads to the health professionals at all health outlets, Nutritionists, Dieticians, schools and the food ind ustry. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study perfor med to investigate the relation between demographic , Socio-Economic Factors and physical activity affect ing the nutritional status of young children under five Years of Age. One hundred twenty one young children, anthropometric data were taken using standard methods. Physical activities and other socioeconomic family parameter s were assessed using validated questionnaire from Kindergarten children's and young children mothers by direct contact or by telephone. Logistic regress ion analyses were performed to estimate the influence of various parameters. SPSS computer software ver.10 was used in data analysis. Results: This study revealed that the impact of fam ily size on nutritional status of children was sign ificantly different. Birth order was a highly significant factor in rela tion to nutritional status in WAZ and WHZ P + 2SD). (Thanaa. A. Elkholy; Naglaa, H. M. Hassanen and Rasha, M.SC. Demographic, Socio-Economic Factors and Physical Activity Affecting the Nutritional Status of Young Children Under Five Years) Journal of American Science 2011; 7(X): X -X). (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience. org .
The diagnostic utility of intraoperative cytology in the management of ovarian tumours.

BACKGROUND The present study was done to evaluate the status of intraoperative cytology as a diagnostic and supportive investigation for ovarian tumours. MATERIAL AND METHODS The present study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India during a time span of 13 months (June 2011 to June 2012). A prospective investigation was performed on 50 cases of suspected ovarian neoplasms. Imprint smears were made intraoperatively from fresh samples from various representative areas, and they were immediately fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol and stained with the haematoxylin and eosin stain. The results were compared with the final histopathological diagnoses in each case. RESULTS There were 20 benign lesions, 4 borderline epithelial neoplasms and 26 malignant tumours according to the final histopathological diagnosis. The overall diagnostic accuracy of imprint cytology has been satisfactory, with those of 90% of the cases correlating with the final diagnoses. Characteristic cytological patterns were noted in various surface epithelial, sex cord stromal and germ cell tumours. CONCLUSION Imprint cytology can be used as an adjunct to histopathology for a rapid and an early diagnosis in the operation theatre, particularly in developing countries like ours, where the facility of frozen sections is often not available, since a rapid preliminary diagnosis may help in the surgical management planning.
Temporal Integration in Sensorimotor Synchronization

The concept of a temporal integration process in the timing mechanisms in the brain, postulated on the basis of experimental observations from various paradigms (for a review see P$oUppel, 1978), has been explored in a sensorimotor synchronization task. Subjects synchronized their finger taps to sequences of auditory stimuli with interstimulus-onset intervals (ISIs) between 300 and 4800 msec in different trials. Each tonal sequence consisted of 110 stimuli; the tones had a frequency of 500 Hz and a duration of 100 msec. As observed previously, response onsets preceded onsets of the stimuli by some tens of milliseconcls for ISIs in the range from about 600 to 1800 msec. For ISIs longer than or equal to 2400 msec, the ability to time the response sequence in such a way that the response 5 were placed right ahead of the stimuli started to break clown, i.e., the task was fulfilled by reactions to the stimuli rather than by advanced responses. This observation can he understood within the general framework of a temporal integration puce 55 that is supposed to have a maximal capacity (integration interval) of approximately 3 sec. Only if successive stimuli fall within one integration period, can motor programs be initiated properly by a prior stimulus and thus lead to an appropriate synchronization between the stimulus sequence and corresponding motor acts.
Taylor – Couette flow with axial oscillations of the inner cylinder : Floquet analysis of the basic flow

The linear stability of the flow in the annular gap between two infinitely long cylinders, driven by the constant rotation and harmonic oscillation in the axial direction of the inner cylinder, is analysed using Floquet theory. Closed form solutions for the basic flow are derived, both with and without the presence of endwalls. Recent experiments and theory using the narrow gap approximation have shown that the axial oscillations significantly stabilize the flow with respect to centrifugal instabilities. However, the agreement has only been qualitative. The present analysis reproduces the experimental results to well within experimental uncertainty. We have identified the major source of discrepency with the previous theory to be due to the lack of global endwall effects enforcing a net zero axial mass flux. Analysis of the basic flow indicates that the stabilization is primarily due to waves of azimuthal vorticity propagating inwards from the cylinder boundary layers due to the axial oscillations.
Re-Examining the Relationship Between Principal’s Instructional/Educational Leadership and Student Achievement

Abstract This study was designed to re-examine the effect of the school principal’s instructional/educational behavior on student achievement in secondary schools. Previous studies found the school principal to play a pivotal role in school effectiveness measured by students’ achievement. However, there is a considerable vagueness concerning the specific principals behaviors that influence students’ achievements. Therefore, research questions were formulated in order to look for the effect of different domains of the principal instructional leadership behaviors on students’ achievement. The research sample included 256 teachers from 32 secondary schools in Israel, who filled out the Instructional Leadership Behavior (ILB) for their school principals. Data about school features, such as, school size, average class size, teacher education and experience were collected. Theses variables were regressed on school students’ achievements in the matriculation exams. The results indicate that 49% of the variance in students’ achievement is explained by the following variables: Students’ SES, class size, and only one leadership behavior, framing goals and communicating to staff.
Comprar Tell Me What Happened: Structured Investigative Interviews of Child Victims and Witnesses | Michael E. Lamb | 9780470518656 | Wiley

Tienda online donde Comprar Tell Me What Happened: Structured Investigative Interviews of Child Victims and Witnesses al precio 120,96 € de Michael E. Lamb | Irit Hershkowitz | Yael Orbach | Phillip W. Esplin, tienda de Libros de Medicina, Libros de Psicologia - Psicologia General
Exploring dynamic Bayesian belief networks for intelligent fault management systems

Systems that are subject to uncertainty in their behaviour are often modelled by Bayesian belief networks (BBNs). These are probabilistic models of the system in which the independence relations between the variables of interest are represented explicitly. A directed graph is used, in which two nodes are connected by an edge if one is a 'direct cause' of the other. However the Bayesian paradigm does not provide any direct means for modelling dynamic systems. There has been a considerable amount of research effort in recent years to address this. We review these approaches and propose a new dynamic extension to the BBN. Our discussion then focuses on fault management of complex telecommunications and how the dynamic Bayesian models can assist in the prediction of faults.
Iranian Secondary School EFL Teachers' Assessment Beliefs and Roles

Issues of assessment design and implementation in Iran have recently attracted the attention of researchers and educators. But teachers" beliefs about assessment as well as their assessment roles have remained unexplored. The current study delineates the findings of a qualitative study on the assessment roles and beliefs of a group of teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in secondary schools in Iran. 35 Iranian EFL teachers from different secondary schools all over the country took part in this study. Based on an open-ended questionnaire, the study showed that teachers" beliefs about the nature of assessment were informed by their knowledge of the field of language teaching and learning and by contextual background and sociopolitical factors that rule their employment conditions. This study also indicated that teachers did not play a significant role in assessment because of top-down managerial approaches to assessment and education system. The participants accentuated that teachers" assessment beliefs and their key role in assessment should not be neglected. (Mohd Rashid Bin Mohd Saad, Sedigheh Abbasnasab Sardareh, Evi Karlina Ambarwati. Iranian Secondary School EFL Teachers' Assessment Beliefs and Roles. Life Sci J 2013; 10(3): 1638-1647). (ISSN: 1097-8135) http://www.lifesciencesite. com 246
New Experimental Results on the Solidarity Game

This paper revisits and extends the experiment on the solidarity game by Selten and Ockenfels (1998). We replicate the basic design of the solidarity game and extend it in order to t test the robustness of the ‘fixed total sacrifice’ effect and the applied strategy method. Our results only partially confirm the validity of the fixed total sacrifice effect. In a treatment with constant group-endowment rather than constant winner-endowment the predominance of the ‘fixed total sacrifice’ behavior is replaced by ‘fixed relative gift’ behavior. We additionally introduce a measure of personality characteristics and compare its specific components with pro-social gift behavior in our experiments. We don’t find correlations between actual gift behavior and measures of empathy-driven pro-social behavior used in social science.