Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysing and Improving Embedded Markup of Learning Resources on the Web

Web-scale reuse and interoperability of learning resources have been major concerns for the technology-enhanced learning community. While work in this area traditionally focused on learning resource metadata, provided through learning resource repositories, the recent emergence of structured entity markup on the Web through standards such as RDFa and Microdata and initiatives such as schema.org, has provided new forms of entity-centric knowledge, which is so far under-investigated and hardly exploited. The Learning Resource Metadata Initiative (LRMI) provides a vocabulary for annotating learning resources through schema.org terms. Although recent studies have shown markup adoption by approximately 30% of all Web pages, understanding of the scope, distribution and quality of learning resources markup is limited. We provide the first public corpus of LRMI extracted from a representative Web crawl together with an analysis of LRMI adoption on the Web, with the goal to inform data consumers as well as future vocabulary refinements through a thorough understanding of the use as well as misuse of LRMI vocabulary terms. While errors and schema misuse are frequent, we also discuss a set of simple heuristics which significantly improve the accuracy of markup, a prerequisite for reusing learning resource metadata sourced from markup.
Benefits of integrated behavioral health services: The physician perspective.

INTRODUCTION There are benefits of integrating a behavioral health specialist in primary care; however, little is known about the physicians' perspectives. The purpose of this study was to explore primary care physicians' beliefs regarding the benefits of integrated care for both patients and themselves. METHOD Fifteen senior staff physicians and 78 residents completed surveys regarding their opinions of referring to a psychologist in a patient-centered medical home. RESULTS The top reasons that physicians believed their patients followed through with a visit with an integrated psychologist included that they recommended it (79.5%) and that patients can be seen in the same primary care clinic (76.9%). The overwhelming majority of physicians were satisfied with having access to an integrated psychologist (97.4%). Physicians believed that integrated care directly improves patient care (93.8%), is a needed service (90.3%), and helps provide better care to patients (80.9%). In addition, physicians reported that having an integrated psychologist reduces their personal stress level (90.1%). CONCLUSION Primary care physicians may be motivated to integrate behavioral health services into their clinics knowing that other physicians believe that it directly and indirectly improves patient care and physician stress.
The Effect of α-Phase Grains Morphology in Initial Microstructure on Superplasticity of Two-Phase Titanium Alloys

It is generally accepted that fine-grained and equiaxed microstructure enables superplastic deformation of two-phase titanium alloys. Appropriate microstructure is usually developed in the thermomechanical processing with careful selection of the parameters of plastic deformation and heat treatment. Based on results of own research in this area increased superplasticity was found in Ti6Al4V alloy having microstructure containing highly deformed and elongated α-grains – considerably different from equiaxed ones. It was found that during heating up and first stage of superplastic deformation fragmentation of elongated α-phase grains occurred, followed by formation and growth of globular grains of that phase. Particular role of quenching of the Ti6Al4V alloy from the stable β-phase temperature range in thermomechanical processing was identified. It leads to increase of elongation coefficient of α-phase grains after plastic deformation but also restrains nucleation of the precipitates of secondary α-phase in further stages of thermomechanical processing. It was established that developed phase morphology of the alloy determined its hot plasticity – especially in the range of low strain rates typical for superplastic deformation.
Foe or friend? Janus-faces of the neurovascular unit in the formation of brain metastases

Despite the potential obstacle represented by the blood–brain barrier for extravasating malignant cells, metastases are more frequent than primary tumors in the central nervous system. Not only tightly interconnected endothelial cells can hinder metastasis formation, other cells of the brain microenvironment (like astrocytes and microglia) can also be very hostile, destroying the large majority of metastatic cells. However, malignant cells that are able to overcome these harmful mechanisms may benefit from the shielding and even support provided by cerebral endothelial cells, astrocytes and microglia, rendering the brain a sanctuary site against anti-tumor strategies. Thus, cells of the neurovascular unit have a Janus-faced attitude towards brain metastatic cells, being both destructive and protective. In this review, we present the main mechanisms of brain metastasis formation, including those involved in extravasation through the brain vasculature and survival in the cerebral environment.
Conceptual Modeling for Business Analytics: A Framework and Potential Benefits

Advanced analytics solutions are becoming widespread in business organizations. While data scientists create, implement, or apply machine learning algorithms, business stakeholders need the ultimate solution to gain competitive advantage and performance improvement. How can one, systematically, elicit analytical requirements? How can one design the analytics system for addressing such requirement? How can one assure the alignment between data analytics solutions and business strategies? How can one codify and represent analytics know-how in terms of design patterns? This paper has two contributions. First, it introduces a conceptual modeling framework for addressing those challenges. Second, it assesses the potential use cases and limitations of the framework by applying it to two case studies.
An Amoebal Grazer of Cyanobacteria Requires Cobalamin Produced by Heterotrophic Bacteria

ABSTRACT Amoebae are unicellular eukaryotes that consume microbial prey through phagocytosis, playing a role in shaping microbial food webs. Many amoebal species can be cultivated axenically in rich media or monoxenically with a single bacterial prey species. Here, we characterize heterolobosean amoeba LPG3, a recent natural isolate, which is unable to grow on unicellular cyanobacteria, its primary food source, in the absence of a heterotrophic bacterium, a Pseudomonas species coisolate. To investigate the molecular basis of this requirement for heterotrophic bacteria, we performed a screen using the defined nonredundant transposon library of Vibrio cholerae, which implicated genes in corrinoid uptake and biosynthesis. Furthermore, cobalamin synthase deletion mutations in V. cholerae and the Pseudomonas species coisolate do not support the growth of amoeba LPG3 on cyanobacteria. While cyanobacteria are robust producers of a corrinoid variant called pseudocobalamin, this variant does not support the growth of amoeba LPG3. Instead, we show that it requires cobalamin that is produced by the Pseudomonas species coisolate. The diversity of eukaryotes utilizing corrinoids is poorly understood, and this amoebal corrinoid auxotroph serves as a model for examining predator-prey interactions and micronutrient transfer in bacterivores underpinning microbial food webs. IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria are important primary producers in aquatic environments, where they are grazed upon by a variety of phagotrophic protists and, hence, have an impact on nutrient flux at the base of microbial food webs. Here, we characterize amoebal isolate LPG3, which consumes cyanobacteria as its primary food source but also requires heterotrophic bacteria as a source of corrinoid vitamins. Amoeba LPG3 specifically requires the corrinoid variant produced by heterotrophic bacteria and cannot grow on cyanobacteria alone, as they produce a different corrinoid variant. This same corrinoid specificity is also exhibited by other eukaryotes, including humans and algae. This amoebal model system allows us to dissect predator-prey interactions to uncover factors that may shape microbial food webs while also providing insight into corrinoid specificity in eukaryotes.
Sofosbuvir-Ledipasvir with or without Ribavirin for Chronic Hepatitis C Genotype-1 and 6: Real-World Experience in Vietnam

Background Therapy with sofosbuvir–ledipasvir (SOF–LDV) has been very effective in chronic HCV genotype-1 in clinical trials and several real-world cohorts. However, the safety and efficacy data of SOF–LDV for HCV genotype-6 is quite limited. Methods This open-label, clinical experience evaluated the safety and efficacy of SOF–LDV with or without ribavirin (RBV) for 12–24 weeks in patients with HCV genotype-1 (n=356) and genotype-6 (n=175) in Vietnam between September 2015 and May 2017. Results Among 539 patients evaluated for therapy, 531 patients completed treatment with either SOF–LDV for 12 weeks (n=284); SOF–LDV + RBV for 12 weeks (n=109); SOF–LDV for 24 weeks (n=36); or SOF–LDV + RBV for 24 weeks (n=102). 45% were male with a mean age of 56.3 (range 20–87) years. The mean HCV RNA was 4,370,000 IU/ml and 72.7% had high viral load of >800,000 IU/ml. 17.3% failed prior interferon-based therapy and 52.5% had advanced fibrosis (F3–4) as noted by transient elastography. The overall sustained virological response (SVR12) rate was 99.6% (529/531). Virological relapses occurred in two patients with genotype-1 in the SOF–LDV for 12 weeks and SOF–LDV + RBV for 24 weeks treatment groups. There was no significant difference in demographic data and treatment outcomes between patients with genotype-1 versus 6. Adverse events were mild with all SOF–LDV regimens, but appeared to be more common with 24-week treatment groups. Conclusions SOF–LDV with or without RBV was highly effective and safe in Vietnamese patients with HCV genotype-1 and 6.
Computational biomechanics/biotribological modelling of natural and artificial hip joints

The excellent hip function and potential degeneration are closely linked with the unique structure of the joint cartilage that is principally composed of a solid phase and a fluid phase. Once damaged, the joint may need to be replaced by prosthesis in order to restore function in hip kinematics and kinetics. However, to what extent this can be achieved has yet to be quantified. On the other hand, the role of fluid pressurisation which plays in hip function has been poorly understood. The aim of this thesis was to address these issues. To evaluate the gait abnormality, particularly in terms of hip contact forces, a musculoskeletal model of lower extremity was constructed in a rigid-body dynamics frame, and the hip kinematics and kinetics were determined and cross-compared for a group of asymptomatic total hip replacement (THR) patients, THR patients with symptoms of symptomatic leg length inequality (LLI) and normal healthy people. Significant abnormal patterns in gait kinetics were observed for the asymptomatic THR patients, and this abnormality was greater for the LLI patients. To understand contact mechanics and the associated fluid pressurisation within the hip cartilage, a three dimensional finite element (FE) hip model with biphasic cartilage layers were developed. The protocol was compared to other solvers. A set of sensitivity studies were undertaken to evaluate the influence of model parameters, and then the model was evaluated under a range of loads with different activities. In all the cases, the fluid supported over 90% of the load for a prolonged period, potentially providing excellent hip function and lubrication. The musculoskeletal model and FE joint were combined to investigate the performance of the non-operated joint of the THR / LLI patients during gait which was found to function in a mechanically abnormal but not adverse environment. Lastly, the methodology of the biphasic hip modelling was validated using an experimental porcine hip of hemiarthroplasty. Good agreement was achieved between the FE predictions and the experimental measurement of the contact area.
A Multicenter Investigation of Factors Influencing Women's Participation in Clinical Trials.

OBJECTIVE To identify factors that influence women's participation in clinical research. METHODS We administered a survey in outpatient and inpatient populations of Obstetrics and Gynecology facilities of six institutions located in four states. The survey included questions regarding any of the participant's past experiences in clinical research and the factors that would influence their participation in clinical research. Analyses included descriptive statistics and a Principal Component Analysis. RESULTS The analysis included 3,773 respondents; 2,477 (68.1%) were pregnant. The majority of participants were Caucasian (1,453, 40.2%), followed by Hispanic (933, 25.8%), African American/black (744, 20.6%), other minorities (270, 7.5%), and multiracial (212, 5.9%). Ten potential motivating factors and 10 potential barriers were assessed. The greatest motivating factor was "how well research is explained" (mean = 2.87) while "risk of unknown side effects" was the greatest barrier (mean = 3.07) for women's participation in clinical trials. Among six helpful resources assessed, "material in my own language" was scored as the highest (mean = 2.8) in facilitating women's decision to participate. For "risk to the fetus/future fertility" as a barrier, pregnant women's score (mean = 3.25) was significantly higher than nonpregnant women's score (mean = 2.37). CONCLUSIONS Overall, the risk of unknown side effects discourages women in general, and the risk to the fetus/future fertility discourages pregnant women the most from participating in clinical trials. However, explaining a study well and providing written material in the patients' own language may increase their willingness to participate.
Serveur Académique Lausannois SERVAL serval.unil.ch

We read with interest the recent article in Nature Medicine describing the influence of variation in CCL3L1 copy number and CCR5 genotype on immune recovery during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV-1 infected individuals 1 . The chemotactic cytokine CCL3L1 (encoding the MIP-1 α P protein) is a potent for the HIV-1 coreceptor CCR5, is for viral entry into human host cells 2 . The recent study is part of a that began 2005 with a paper reporting effects of CCL3L1 copy number variation on HIV-1 acquisiton, viral load, and disease progression 3 , followed by several publications investigating clinically correlated phenotypes in a largely overlapping set of HIV + individuals 1 , 4 , 5 . role of CCL3L1 to the effect of CCL3L1 on viral control in a large group of HIV-infected patients with known date of seroconversion enrolled in one of the nine cohorts of the Euro-CHAVI Consortium 6
Effect of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage by respiratory pathogens among Greenlandic children

ABSTRACT Background: In 2010, Greenland introduced the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (Prevnar 13®– PCV-13) in the childhood immunisation program. The authors aimed to evaluate the impact of PCV-13 on nasopharyngeal carriage of bacteria frequently associated with respiratory infections in children. Method: In 2013 a cross-sectional population-based study of nasopharyngeal carriage was conducted among Greenlandic children aged 0–6 years and results were compared with an equivalent study from 2011. Nasopharyngeal swab samples were tested for Streptococcus pneumoniae, non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Staphylococcus aureus. Pneumococcal serotyping was performed by Quellung reaction and serotype-specific antisera. Statistical analysis included logistic regression models, adjusting for known risk factors. Result: A total of 377 nasopharyngeal samples were collected. Overall carriage rate of S. pneumoniae remained unchanged from 2011 to 2013 (51% and 56%, p=0.13), but significant serotype shifts were observed among both vaccinated and unvaccinated children with marked reductions in carriage of vaccine-type pneumococci, counterbalanced by increasing carriage of non-vaccine types. Carriage rate of S. aureus decreased significantly among vaccinated children whereas that of M. catarrhalis increased. Conclusion: PCV-13 introduction in Greenland is associated with significant changes in nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage. Continued surveillance is warranted to clarify whether these changes are persistent, and affect the pattern of respiratory and invasive diseases in Greenland.
MRP2 Inhibition by HIV Protease Inhibitors in Rat and Human Hepatocytes: A Quantitative Confocal Microscopy Study

Hepatic drug transporters play a pivotal role in the excretion of drugs from the body, in drug-drug interactions, as well as in drug-induced liver toxicity. Hepatocytes cultured in sandwich configuration are an advantageous model to investigate the interactions of drug candidates with apical efflux transporters in a biorelevant manner. However, the commonly used “offline” assays (i.e., that rely on measuring intracellular accumulated amounts after cell lysis) are time- and resource-consuming, and the data output is often highly variable. In the present study, we used confocal microscopy to investigate the inhibitory effect of all marketed HIV protease inhibitors (10 μM) on the apical efflux transporter multidrug resistance–associated protein 2 (MRP2; ABCC2) by visualizing the biliary accumulation of the fluorescent substrate 5(6)-carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (CDF). This method was applied with sandwich-cultured human and rat hepatocytes. Alterations in the biliary excretion index of CDF were calculated on the basis of quantitative analysis of fluorescence intensities in the confocal images. In human hepatocytes, lopinavir followed by tipranavir, saquinavir, atazanavir, and darunavir were the most potent inhibitors of MRP2-mediated efflux of CDF. In rat hepatocytes, tipranavir inhibited Mrp2-mediated CDF efflux most potently, followed by lopinavir and nelfinavir. In conclusion, a comparison of these findings with previously published data generated in offline transporter inhibition assays indicates that this microscopy-based approach enables investigation of the inhibitory effect of drugs on efflux transporters in a very sensitive but nondestructive manner.
Fracture of Reduced-Diameter Zirconia Dental Implants Following Repeated Insertion.

PURPOSE Achievement of high insertion torque values indicating good primary stability is a goal during dental implant placement. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether or not two-piece implants made from zirconia ceramic may be damaged as a result of torque application. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 10 two-piece zirconia implants were repeatedly inserted into polyurethane foam material with increasing density and decreasing osteotomy size. The insertion torque applied was measured, and implants were checked for fractures by applying the fluorescent penetrant method. Weibull probability of failure was calculated based on the recorded insertion torque values. RESULTS Catastrophic failures could be seen in five of the implants from two different batches at insertion torques ranging from 46.0 to 70.5 Ncm, while the remaining implants (all belonging to one batch) survived. Weibull probability of failure seems to be low at the manufacturer-recommended maximum insertion torque of 35 Ncm. Chipping fractures at the thread tips as well as tool marks were the only otherwise observed irregularities. CONCLUSION While high insertion torques may be desirable for immediate loading protocols, zirconia implants may fracture when manufacturer-recommended insertion torques are exceeded. Evaluating bone quality prior to implant insertion may be useful.
Emergence of Ceftazidime-Avibactam Resistance and Restoration of Carbapenem Susceptibility in Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase-Producing K pneumoniae: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Abstract We used meropenem to successfully treat a patient with bacteremia due to ceftazidime-avibactam-resistant, meropenem- susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae that carried mutant blaKPC-3. Meropenem was bactericidal against ceftazidime-avibactam- resistant K pneumoniae isolates in vitro. Nevertheless, the role of carbapenems in treating such infections remains uncertain, because meropenem resistance is selected readily during passage experiments.
The rate of country-level improvements of the infant mortality rate is mainly determined by previous history.

BACKGROUND Studies of country-level determinants of health have produced conflicting results even when the analyses have been restricted to high-income counties. Yet, most of these studies have not taken historical, country-specific developments into account. Thus, it is appropriate to separate the influence of current exposures from historical aspects. METHODS Determinants of the infant mortality rate (IMR) were studied in 28 OECD countries over the period 1990-2012. Twelve determinants were selected. They refer to the level of general resources, resources that specifically address child health and characteristics that affect knowledge dissemination, including level of trust, and a health related behaviour: the rate of female smoking. RESULTS Bivariate analyses with the IMR in year 2000 as outcome and the 12 determinants produced six statistically significant models. In multivariate analyses, the rate of decrease in the IMR was investigated as outcome and a history variable (IMR in 1990) was included in the models. The history variable alone explained 95% of the variation. None of the multivariate models, with the 12 determinants included, explained significantly more variation. CONCLUSION Taking into account the historical development of the IMR will critically affect correlations between country-level determinants and the IMR.
Risk of End‐Stage Renal Disease in HIV‐Positive Potential Live Kidney Donors

New federal regulations allow HIV‐positive individuals to be live kidney donors; however, potential candidacy for donation is poorly understood given the increased risk of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) associated with HIV infection. To better understand this risk, we compared the incidence of ESRD among 41 968 HIV‐positive participants of North America AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design followed for a median of 5 years with the incidence of ESRD among comparable HIV‐negative participants of National Health and Nutrition Examination III followed for a median of 14 years. We used risk associations from multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to derive cumulative incidence estimates for selected HIV‐positive scenarios (no history of diabetes, hypertension, AIDS, or hepatitis C virus coinfection) and compared these estimates with those from similarly selected HIV‐negative scenarios. For 40‐year‐old HIV‐positive individuals with health characteristics that were similar to those of age‐matched kidney donors, viral load <400 copies/mL, and CD4+ count ≥500 cells/μL, the 9‐year cumulative incidence of ESRD was higher than that of their HIV‐negative peers, yet still low: 2.5 versus 1.1 per 10 000 among white women, 3.0 versus 1.3 per 10 000 among white men, 13.2 versus 3.6 per 10 000 among black women, and 15.8 versus 4.4 per 10 000 among black men. HIV‐positive individuals with no comorbidities and well‐controlled disease may be considered low‐risk kidney donor candidates.