Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parasagittal Lesions and Ulegyria in Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: Neuroimaging Findings and Review of the Pathogenesis

Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is a very important neurological problem of the perinatal period and a major cause of chronic disability later in childhood. The subsequent neurological deficits are a variety of motor defects—especially spasticity but also choreoathetosis, dystonia and ataxia, often grouped together as “cerebral palsy,” mental retardation, and seizures. The gestational age determines the neuropathology of the brain injury. One of the patterns of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, typically affecting full-term infants, consists of parasagittal lesions and ulegyria. The aim of this study is to describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and discuss the “suggested” pathogenetic mechanisms of this pattern, which affects the cortex and the white matter in a mainly parasagittal distribution; in this type of brain injury, the damage usually involves the deeper sulcal portion while sparing the apex, thus resulting in the so-called mushroom gyri characteristic ulegyric pattern. We discuss the MRI findings of parasagittal lesions and ulegyria in the brain examinations of 14 patients with a clinical history of perinatal hypoxia/anoxia presenting with mental retardation, seizures, and cerebral palsy. Differential diagnosis from polymicrogyria is discussed.
CROSS-CULTURAL UNDERSTANDING OF METAPHORS IN INTERFACE DESIGN

Current cross-cultural interface research addresses cross-cultural attitudes towards computers and some cross-cultural interface design issues. However, it does not address cross-cultural perception and understanding. Much of this work is based on surveys and self reported evidence which does not provide the empirical data that is needed to understand this area of research. This paper outlines the main literature and proposes a study that aims to evaluate users' perception of interface metaphors. This will be done by observing users working with an interface in their everyday environment. The research seeks to provide evidence for the fact that understanding of metaphors differs cross-culturally and hopes to provide better insight into cross-cultural user perception and understanding.
Benchmarking for routines and organizational knowledge: a managerial accounting approach with performance feedback

This study proposes a managerial accounting research design that bridges a gap between firm productivity based on frontier techniques and strategic management. In doing so, it operationalizes the theoretical frameworks based on the endogenous components of across-firms heterogeneous resources and routines, which are fundamental for firm performance. The design focuses on industry-level benchmarking to analyze changes in performance and organizational knowledge investments, and proposes some indicators for firm-level strategic benchmarking. An analysis of a 12-year panel of the U.S. technology hardware and equipment industry illustrates the usefulness of the proposals. Findings reveal wider gaps between better and worse performers following economic distress. Increasing intangibles stocks is positively associated with changes in frontier benchmarking, while enhancing R&D spending is linked to frontier shifts. The discussion develops managerial interpretations suitable for control and reward systems.
Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: A Review of Current Research for Family Medicine and Primary Care Physicians

Self-injury is a dangerous behavior that is different from suicidal behavior but is associated with increased risk of suicide attempts. Some effective psychological treatments for self-injury exist. Physicians in family medicine and primary care settings play a vital role as a first step in the treatment process for those who self-injure. Physicians can enhance the care provided to those who self-injure via the accurate assessment of risk, the understanding of the functions of the behavior, assisting the patient in identifying motivations for treatment and treatment options, and provision of long-term behavioral and risk monitoring. This article summarizes the current scientific knowledge regarding the clinical features, epidemiology, assessment methods, and existing treatments of self-injury. The role of the primary care physician in the treatment of patients who self-injure is specifically outlined.
Goal Profiles in Sport Motivation: A Cluster Analysis

This investigation compared cluster analysis with the mean-split procedure for examining goal-orientation profiles and examined whether the goal-profile groups revealed differences in athletes’ perceptions of their physical abilities. Rugby players (N = 257, mean age = 20.62 years, SD = 3.64) completed a questionnaire assessing goal orientation, perceived rugby ability and competence, and self-concept of physical ability. Unlike the mean-split procedure, in which scores are forced into high/high, high/low, low/high, or low/low groups, cluster analysis revealed groups that varied in low-, moderate-, and high-task and -ego goals. Moreover, no extreme group profiles (high-ego/high-task or low-ego/low-task) emerged when cluster analysis was used. Multivariate results from the cluster analysis revealed that Cluster 4 (low-ego/moderate-task) reported significantly lower levels of perceived rugby ability/competence than did Cluster 3 (high-ego/moderate-task), indicating that ego might be the determining orientat.
Mass Higher Education and the English: Wherein the Colleges?

One of the distinctive features of the English encounter with mass higher education has been the uncertain and ambiguous role of further education colleges as providers of undergraduate education. Both before and during the major expansion that marked the shift to a mass scale of higher education in England, the higher education offered by colleges in the further education sector was commonly regarded as a residual or ancillary activity; its courses mostly at levels below the first degree and its growth in numbers among the slowest in higher education. In the period that followed, these same colleges were accorded a special mission in the delivery of short-cycle undergraduate education and, through their involvement in foundation degrees, were expected to lead a large part of the expansion in future years. The elevation of this provision, from a zone of ‘low’ or no policy to one of ‘high’ policy, has coincided with a radical reform of the planning, funding and quality arrangements for post-compulsory education. Under conditions less than favourable to the achievement of their higher education goals, colleges remain the responsibility of one administrative sector and higher education institutions the responsibility of another.
The expression of histone demethylase JMJD1A in renal cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α has been shown to play a central role in RCC tumorigenesis by acting as a transcription factor. Histone demethylase JMJD1A is an iron- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase which catalyze the demethylation of mono- and dimethylated H3K9. JMJD1A can be upregulated by hypoxia via HIF-1 and associated with cancer. The expression of JMJD1A was determined in 10 kidney cancer tissue and adjacent tissue by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the expression of JMJD1A was investigated in cell line 786-0 through adding nickle or cobalt ion to mimic hypoxic environment. The expression of JMJD1A was higher in cancer tissue than adjacent tissue, and in hypoxic environment than normal environment. In cancer tissue, the JMJD1A mainly located around blood vessels which indicated that JMJD1A is involved tumor angiogenesis. CONCLUSION the increased expression of JMJD1A might be associated with the progression of kidney cancer. KEYWORDS renal cell carcinoma, histone demethylase, JMJD1A, hypoxia-inducible factor, iron.
A Clearer Picture: The Contribution of Visuals and Text to Framing Effects

Visuals in news media help define, or frame issues, but less is known about how they influence opinions and behavior. The authors use an experiment to present image and text exemplars of frames from war and conflict news in isolation and in image–text congruent and incongruent pairs. Results show that, when presented alone, images generate stronger framing effects on opinions and behavioral intentions than text. When images and text are presented together, as in a typical news report, the frame carried by the text influences opinions regardless of the accompanying image, whereas the frame carried by the image drives behavioral intentions irrespective of the linked text. These effects are explained by the salience enhancing and emotional consequences of visuals.
The Elections of the Great Recession in Portugal: Performance Voting under a Blurred Responsibility for the Economy

Abstract This article discusses the basic patterns of voting behaviour in the most recent elections in Portugal. These elections were fought under one of the most profound economic crises in the country's four decades of democracy, after a bailout agreement with the EU and the IMF, and under an unusually high level of campaign polarization around the issues of economic austerity and liberalization. First, the article examines whether this context ended up being favourable to “performance” voting or, instead, to an enhanced importance of position issues, particularly those related to the role of the state in the economy and welfare provision. Second, it examines how the context of the Great Recession and the European sovereign debt crisis created opportunities for incumbents to use blame-shifting and blame-sharing strategies, and the extent to which voters' ambivalence about who to hold responsible for the sorry state of the economy was consequential for vote choices, either by directly affecting them or by moderating the relationship between economic perceptions and the vote.
Preventing Postpartum Smoking Relapse: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

IMPORTANCE Most women who quit smoking during pregnancy will relapse postpartum. Previous efforts to prevent postpartum relapse have been unsuccessful at increasing rates of sustained abstinence. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relative efficacy of 2 different approaches to prevent postpartum smoking relapse. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Pregnant women who recently had quit smoking were recruited before the end of pregnancy. Intervention sessions were conducted through a combination of telephone calls and in-person visits beginning at delivery and continuing through 24 weeks postpartum. Participants completed assessments at the prenatal baseline and at 12, 24, and 52 weeks postpartum. Participants were recruited between March 2008 and December 2012. The dates of the analysis were April 2014 to February 2015. INTERVENTIONS Women received postpartum-adapted, behavioral smoking relapse prevention intervention and were randomly assigned to an enhanced cognitive behavioral intervention that included additional specialized strategies and content focused on women's postpartum concerns about mood, stress, and weight (Strategies to Avoid Returning to Smoking [STARTS]) or a supportive, time and attention-controlled comparison (SUPPORT). Intervention began before delivery and continued through 24 weeks postpartum. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was biochemically confirmed sustained tobacco abstinence at 52 weeks postpartum. Secondary outcomes were self-reported mood, levels of perceived stress, and degree of concern about smoking-related weight gain. RESULTS The study cohort comprised 300 participants (150 randomly assigned to each group). Their mean (SD) age was 24.99 (5.65) years. Overall, 38.0% (114 of 300), 33.7% (101 of 300), and 24.0% (72 of 300) of the sample maintained abstinence at 12, 24, and 52 weeks' postpartum, respectively. There were no differences between the intervention groups in abstinence or time to relapse. Self-reported depressive symptoms and perceived stress significantly improved over time, and improvements were similar for both intervention groups. Women with more depressive symptoms and higher levels of perceived stress were more likely to relapse (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.04; P = .04 for depressive symptoms and hazard ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.07; P = .003 for stress). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE An intervention designed to address women's concerns about mood, stress, and weight did not differentially improve rates of sustained tobacco abstinence postpartum compared with a time and attention-controlled comparison. Women in STARTS and SUPPORT reported postpartum improvements in mood and stress, and the experience of fewer depressive symptoms and less perceived stress was related to sustained abstinence. Given that most pregnant quitters will relapse within 1 year postpartum and that postpartum smoking has negative health consequences for women and children, effective interventions that target postpartum mood and stress are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00757068.
Clinical outcomes of a cardiac rehabilitation and maintenance program for Chinese patients with congestive heart failure

Purpose. To investigate the effectiveness of a standard Cardiac Rehabilitation Programme (CRP) and an Extended Maintenance Programme (EMP) for patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Method. Subjects with CHF discharged from hospitalization were invited to participate in a 6-week CRP followed by a 12-week EMP. Outcome variables included New York Heart Association functional classification, distance covered in a 6 minute-walk distance (6MWD), health-related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaire and rate of hospital re-admission. Results. Of 58 invited subjects, 26 completed the CRP and 18 continued with EMP. Subjects who participated in CRP and EMP showed superior improvement in 6MWT and HRQOL scores (p < 0.05) compared with those who did not participate in either program (control). Subjects who continued with the EMP demonstrated further improved performance compared with those who participated in CRP only. Of those re-admitted to hospital with symptoms associated with CHF, 73% were patients from the control group; 21% were those who completed the CRP and 6% were patients who completed the EMP. Conclusion. CRP is effective in improving functional capacity, HRQOL and reduces hospital readmission for patients with CHF. An EMP provides opportunities for further improvement in outcome. However there is a need to improve the patient participation rate of the programme in the Chinese community.
FPGA implementation of efficient vedic multiplier

Multipliers play a major role in todays digital signal processing and various other applications. Both signed and unsigned multiplications are required in many computing applications. This work proposes the design of efficient signed multiplier using Vedic mathematics in which the calculation of partial product is done using carry select adder (CSeA), which results in less combinational path delay. Signed multiplier architecture is based on two's complement circuit and unsigned Vedic multiplier. In this work, Urdhva Triyakbhyam sutra is used for binary multiplication. To prove the effectiveness of proposed method, the results obtained with conventional multiplier is compared with proposed work in terms of combinational path delay. From the results presented, it is observed that the proposed method gives less path delay as compared to existing methods. Further, the VHDL coding of signed multiplier is done in Xilinx Synthesis Tool (v14.1) and simulated using Modelsim simulator also FPGA implementation of the same is done on Spartan 6 (XC6SLX150T device, FGG900 package, -2 speed grade) and output is displayed on LCD of Spartan 6.
Designing Effective Projects: Decision Options for Maximizing Learning and Project Success

In recent years, more and more business schools have introduced team-based projects into their curricula as a means of addressing corporate, small business, and community-service issues while teaching students a variety of project management skills (technical and sociocultural). In designing a project-oriented course, an instructor has a number of options available with respect to project identification, project focus and scope, team size, composition and leadership, course content, content delivery, and student project evaluation. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these various options, as well as the factors that are most likely to moderate an instructor’s choices in seeking to maximize student learning and project success.
Molecular features of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 prevalent in Mexico during winter seasons 2012-2014

Since the emergence of the pandemic H1N1pdm09 virus in Mexico and California, biannual increases in the number of cases have been detected in Mexico. As observed in previous seasons, pandemic A/H1N1 09 virus was detected in severe cases during the 2011–2012 winter season and finally, during the 2013–2014 winter season it became the most prevalent influenza virus. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of the whole viral genome are necessary to determine the antigenic and pathogenic characteristics of influenza viruses that cause severe outcomes of the disease. In this paper, we analyzed the evolution, antigenic and genetic drift of Mexican isolates from 2009, at the beginning of the pandemic, to 2014. We found a clear variation of the virus in Mexico from the 2011–2014 season due to different markers and in accordance with previous reports. In this study, we identified 13 novel substitutions with important biological effects, including virulence, T cell epitope presented by MHC and host specificity shift and some others substitutions might have more than one biological function. The systematic monitoring of mutations on whole genome of influenza A pH1N1 (2009) virus circulating at INER in Mexico City might provide valuable information to predict the emergence of new pathogenic influenza virus
Factors relating to smoking and pregnancy in the North Western Region.

BACKGROUND One of the targets for the Health of the nation is to increase the proportion of women smokers who give up smoking at the start of their pregnancy, from a quarter to at least one-third, by the year 2000. This study uses a regional lifestyle survey to look at the characteristics of pregnant women who smoke. METHODS The lifestyle survey was based on a structured questionnaire which was sent by post to a systematic random sample of 60,000 adults across the North Western Region. A total of 513 respondents were pregnant; of these, 150 (29 per cent) reported that they smoked. The responses of pregnant smokers and non-smokers were compared to identify differences in age, demographic and social characteristics, mental distress and attitudes to lifestyle variables. RESULTS Women in the North Western Region who smoked tended not to give up during pregnancy, but they did tend to smoke less. Smokers were more likely to be under 25 than non-smokers, less likely to be home-owners, and less likely to be living with a husband or partner. There was no difference in mental distress between smokers and ex-smokers, but they both experienced significantly greater mental distress than those who had never smoked. The difference between smokers and ex-smokers was in their type of occupation, housing tenure and whether they were living with a partner, ex-smokers being much more similar to non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS More work needs to be done to improve the design of smoking cessation programmes, to make them more culturally appropriate for pregnant women who appear to be socially disadvantaged, have poor housing and lack a stable relationship.
Dissent Expression as an Indicator of Work Engagement and Intention to Leave

This study examined how dissent expression related to employees’ self reports of work engagement and intention to leave. A sample of full-time employees completed a multi-instrument questionnaire. Findings indicated that dissent expression related to both employees’ work engagement and their intention to leave. In particular, dissent expressed to management and coworkers associated with work engagement, whereas dissent expressed to nonmanagement audiences associated with intention to leave. Additional analysis revealed that for managers, work engagement was primarily a function of refraining from expressing dissent.
TRIGONOMETRIC PARALLAXES OF MASSIVE STAR-FORMING REGIONS. VI. GALACTIC STRUCTURE, FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS, AND NONCIRCULAR MOTIONS

We are using the Very Long Baseline Array and the Japanese VLBI Exploration of Radio Astronomy project to measure trigonometric parallaxes and proper motions of masers found in high-mass star-forming regions across the Milky Way. Early results from 18 sources locate several spiral arms. The Perseus spiral arm has a pitch angle of 16° ± 3°, which favors four rather than two spiral arms for the Galaxy. Combining positions, distances, proper motions, and radial velocities yields complete three-dimensional kinematic information. We find that star-forming regions on average are orbiting the Galaxy ≈15 km s−1 slower than expected for circular orbits. By fitting the measurements to a model of the Galaxy, we estimate the distance to the Galactic center R0 = 8.4 ± 0.6 kpc and a circular rotation speed Θ0 = 254 ± 16 km s−1. The ratio Θ0/R0 can be determined to higher accuracy than either parameter individually, and we find it to be 30.3 ± 0.9 km s−1 kpc−1, in good agreement with the angular rotation rate determined from the proper motion of Sgr A*. The data favor a rotation curve for the Galaxy that is nearly flat or slightly rising with Galactocentric distance. Kinematic distances are generally too large, sometimes by factors greater than 2; they can be brought into better agreement with the trigonometric parallaxes by increasing Θ0/R0 from the IAU recommended value of 25.9 km s−1 kpc−1 to a value near 30 km s−1 kpc−1. We offer a “revised” prescription for calculating kinematic distances and their uncertainties, as well as a new approach for defining Galactic coordinates. Finally, our estimates of Θ0 and Θ0/R0, when coupled with direct estimates of R0, provide evidence that the rotation curve of the Milky Way is similar to that of the Andromeda galaxy, suggesting that the dark matter halos of these two dominant Local Group galaxy are comparably massive.