Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do-not-resuscitate orders in acute stroke

Article abstract-Although the general guidelines for do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders apply to acute stroke patients, few data are available to aid decision-making. With a view to developing specific guidelines for use in patients with acute stroke, we decided to evaluate the clinical factors associated with DNR orders at our university teaching hospital. We prospectively studied 450 consecutive patients with acute hemispheric strokes (237 men and 213 women, mean age 75 +-\12 years). Thirty-six patients (8%) had intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and 414 (92%) had ischemic strokes. Overall inhospital mortality was 26%. DNR status was given to 31% of all patients at some time during their admission (83% of those died). DNR decision-making was closely associated with the severity of the neurologic deficit (Canadian Neurological Scale score <=5); the patient's incapacity for informed DNR decision-making; age (>60 years); and devastating ICH unsuitable for surgery (p < 0.001). Fifty-three percent of DNR orders were given on admission (first 24 hours of the hospital stay), 35% during the first week of the hospital stay, due to brain damage, and 12% at any time between days 8 and 44 due to systemic complications. Once DNR status was given, 53% of patients continued to receive normal nutrition and 60% still received medical or surgical treatment. Although the current practice of DNR orders in patients with acute stroke is generally satisfactory, some criteria (eg, age and operable ICH) need revision. Following the decision to withhold CPR, patients with severe stroke, irreversible brain damage, and/or significant comorbidities should receive DNR status whenever the prognosis has become clear for physicians and family. We suggest provisional disease-specific criteria for DNR decision-making in acute stroke. NEUROLOGY 1995;45: 634-640
The prevalence of lifetime and partial post-traumatic stress disorder in Vietnam theater veterans

A complete understanding of the consequences of service in a war zone includes examining the lifetime and current prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and of partial PTSD. Cases of partial PTSD are persons who have clinically significant symptoms of PTSD, but who do not meet the full diagnostic criteria. The National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study (NVVRS) estimated the lifetime prevalence of PTSD to be 30.9% among male theater veterans, 26. % among females; lifetime prevalence of partial PTSD was an additional 22.5% and 21.2%, respectively; current prevalence of partial PTSD was 11.1% in males and 7.8% in females. NVVRS findings indicate that of the 1.7 million veterans who ever experienced significant symptoms of PTSD after the Vietnam war, approximately 830,000 (49%) still experience clinically significant distress and disability from symptoms of PTSD. The contribution of partial PTSD represents an estimated additional 350,000 veterans.
Pediatric Metabolic Syndrome: Pathophysiology and Laboratory Assessment

Pediatric overweight and obesity is an emerging public health priority as rates have rapidly increased worldwide. Obesity is often clustered with other metabolic abnormalities including hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance, leading to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This cluster of risk factors, termed the metabolic syndrome, has traditionally been reported in adults. However, with the increased prevalence of pediatric obesity, the metabolic syndrome is now evident in children and adolescents. This complex cluster of risk factors is the result of the pathological interplay between several organs including adipose tissue, muscle, liver, and intestine with a common antecedent – insulin resistance. The association of the metabolic syndrome with several systemic alterations that involve numerous organs and tissues adds to the complexity and challenge of diagnosing the metabolic syndrome and identifying useful clinical indicators of the disease. The complex physiology of growing and developing children and adolescents further adds to the difficulties in standardizing laboratory assessment, diagnosis, and prognosis for the diverse pediatric population. However, establishing a consensus definition is critical to identifying and managing children and adolescents at high risk of developing the metabolic syndrome. As a result, the examination of novel metabolic syndrome biomarkers which can detect these metabolic abnormalities early with high specificity and sensitivity in the pediatric population has been of interest. Understanding this complex cluster of risk factors in the pediatric population is critical to ensure that this is not the first generation where children have a shorter life expectancy than their parents. This review will discuss the pathophysiology, consensus definitions and laboratory assessment of pediatric metabolic syndrome as well as potential novel biomarkers.
Factors affecting the involvement of teachers in guidance and counselling as a whole-school approach

ABSTRACT This study explores factors affecting the involvement of regular secondary school teachers in the whole-school approach to guidance and counselling by interviewing 12 secondary school teachers in Hong Kong. Emerging themes include teachers' ownership of their role in student guidance and counselling, the alignment of their disposition with education policies, school missions and culture, and their philosophy in education. Findings of what these teachers are actually doing in guidance and counselling are presented. Implications for policy-makers, administrators and leaders for comprehensive guidance and counselling programmes are drawn from constraints that limit interviewees' full potential in assisting students.
The many measurements of self-control: How re-operationalized self-control compares

Since Gottfredson and Hirschi’s A General Theory of Crime was published in 1990, self-control has become a major focus in criminological theory and research and the issue of measuring self-control has been the topic of many debates. Much of this research has used Grasmick and colleagues’ 1993 attitudinal scale. In 2004, Hirschi provided a new definition for self-control designed to spur new measurements of the concept. Despite this effort, only Piquero and Bouffard (2007) have provided an in-depth attempt to measure the redefined concept. This study replicates the Piquero and Bouffard measurement and a traditional measure of self-control in order to compare their effectiveness in predicting criminal or deviant behaviours. The data used come from a random sample of undergraduate students. Results indicate that the strength of the relationship between self-control and crime/deviance varies significantly based on the way self-control is measured.
What Key Skills do Employers Need?

ABSTRACT This paper explores key skills required by potential employers of geography graduates. Academic ability combined with a variety of transferable skills such as communication, organisation and self-motivation appeal to many of the employers questioned. Graduates can face potential difficulties expressing these key skills in standard application forms and interviews. Extracurricular activities and previous employment can provide impressive ways to display skills relevant to the job. Key skills are dynamic; graduates need to keep pace with ever changing expectations particularly with regard to information technology.
Die verband tussen koherensiesin en werkstevredenheid by bestuurders

Job satisfaction is a complex variable and is influenced by situational factors of the job environment as well as dispositional characteristics of an individual. The aim of this study was to determine the possible relationship between sense of coherence and job satisfaction. The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire and Sense of Coherence Scale were administered on 81 members of the management of an organisation. The results showed that there is a moderate correlation between the sense of coherence and the job satisfaction of managers. Opsomming Werkstevredenheid is n komplekse veranderlike en word beinvloed deur situasionele faktore in die werksomgewing, asook disposisionele eienskappe van die individu. Die doel van hierdie ondersoek was om die moontlike verband tussen koherensiesin en werkstevredenheid te bepaal. Die Minnesota tevredenheidsvraelys en Koherensiesinvraelys is op 81 lede van die bestuurskorps van n organisasie afgeneem. Die resultate van die empiriese ondersoek dui aan dat daar wel n matige verband tussen koherensiesin en werkstevredenheid van bestuurders bestaan.
Three dimensional micro-mechanical and micro-optical devices fabricated by holographic two-photon lithography

Holographic two-photon lithography (HTPL) is a high speed parallel laser fabrication technique inside photosensitive materials based on spatial light modulation and two-photon polymerization. In this paper, a femtosecond HTPL system was built and femtosecond laser beam was modulated to multi beams with spatial light modulator (SLM). The quantity and the distribution of the multi foci can be well adjusted according to our design. On this basis, parallel fabrication of high precision micro-mechanical and micro-optical devices, which has promising application in MEMS, micro-optics, micro-sensors and so on, was demonstrated. This technique will contribute to the industrialization of femtosencd two-photon polymerization (FTPP) in the foreseeable future.
Correlation of Salivary Glucose Level with Blood Glucose Level in Diabetes Mellitus

ABSTRACT Objectives There is alarming rise in number of people with diabetes mellitus over these years. If glucose in saliva is linked to glucose in blood it can be used to detect diabetes mellitus at an early stage. The present study is undertaken with the aim to assess the correlation of salivary glucose level with blood glucose level in people with diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods For investigations, 2 sets of samples of people with diabetes and the age and sex matched non-diabetic subjects were recruited. The salivary glucose was analyzed in unstimulated whole saliva samples using glucose oxidase method. Pearson's correlation coefficient test was applied to assess the correlation between salivary glucose level and blood glucose level. Results The significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation of salivary glucose level and fasting blood glucose level was observed in people with uncontrolled diabetes in both the sets of samples. Conclusions Although study suggests some potential for saliva as a marker in monitoring of diabetes mellitus, there are many aspects that need clarification before we reach to a conclusion.
Two heads are better than one: the association between condom decision-making and condom use errors and problems

Objectives: This exploratory study compared the frequency of condom use errors and problems between men reporting that condom use for penile–vaginal sex was a mutual decision compared with men making the decision unilaterally. Methods: Nearly 2000 people completed a web-based questionnaire. A sub-sample of 660 men reporting that they last used a condom for penile–vaginal sex (within the past three months) was analysed. Nine condom use errors/problems were assessed. Multivariate analyses controlled for men’s age, marital status, and level of experience using condoms. Results: Men’s unilateral decision-making was associated with increased odds of removing condoms before sex ended (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.51, p = 0.002), breakage (AOR 3.90, p = 0.037), and slippage during withdrawal (AOR 2.04, p = 0.019). Men’s self-reported level of experience using condoms was significantly associated with seven out of nine errors/problems, with those indicating less experience consistently reporting more errors/problems. Conclusions: Findings suggest that female involvement in the decision to use condoms for penile–vaginal sex may be partly protective against some condom errors/problems. Men’s self-reported level of experience using condoms may be a useful indicator of the need for education designed to promote the correct use of condoms. Education programmes may benefit men by urging them to involve their female partner in condom use decisions.
Early Fixation of Cobalt-Chromium Based Alloy Surgical Implants to Bone Using a Tissue-engineering Approach

To establish the methods of demonstrating early fixation of metal implants to bone, one side of a Cobalt-Chromium (CoCr) based alloy implant surface was seeded with rabbit marrow mesenchymal cells and the other side was left unseeded. The mesenchymal cells were further cultured in the presence of ascorbic acid, β-glycerophosphate and dexamethasone, resulting in the appearance of osteoblasts and bone matrix on the implant surface. Thus, we succeeded in generating tissue-engineered bone on one side of the CoCr implant. The CoCr implants were then implanted in rabbit bone defects. Three weeks after the implantation, evaluations of mechanical test, undecalcified histological section and electron microscope analysis were performed. Histological and electron microscope images of the tissue engineered surface exhibited abundant new bone formation. However, newly formed bone tissue was difficult to detect on the side without cell seeding. In the mechanical test, the mean values of pull-out forces were 77.15 N and 44.94 N for the tissue-engineered and non-cell-seeded surfaces, respectively. These findings indicate early bone fixation of the tissue-engineered CoCr surface just three weeks after implantation.
An outbreak of scabies: a forgotten parasitic disease still present in Switzerland.

INTRODUCTION Scabies, a contagious parasitic dermatosis, has a worldwide distribution but is considered a "disease of the poor" in resourcerich countries. However, it can cause major public health problems following outbreaks in industrialised countries. The following study describes a large outbreak of scabies involving several health care institutions in the canton of Neuchâtel, Switzerland. PATIENTS AND METHODS After reporting a case of crusted scabies hospitalised for several months (for other comorbidities) in various health care institutions, a "scabies task force" was created in order to detect further cases by contact tracing. Suspected cases were reported to public health authorities, with notification of the health care institutions where cases or exposed patients had been transferred, and information to general practitioners and dermatologists of the entire area (100,000 inhabitants), RESULTS Three health care institutions (a rehabilitation clinic, a 200-bed acute care hospital, a small hospital with a haemodialysis unit) were involved. Overall, 24 cases of scabies were detected, 12 among inpatients after exposure within the health care institutions, and 12 among household or other close contacts. 116 health care providers exposed to cases within the health care institutions were investigated with negative results for scabies. After the creation of the task force, no further transmission of scabies was observed. Prolonged misdiagnosis of crusted scabies as well as frequent transfers of cases between various health care institutions facilitated the outbreak. Barrier precautions for health care workers caring for patients with skin lesions even in the absence of a diagnosis of transmissible disease appeared to be efficacious since no transmission to health care workers could be detected. CONCLUSIONS This is the first reported observation of a large scabies outbreak involving health care institutions in Switzerland. Our outbreak demonstrates that it is not an obsolete disease and that a high index of suspicion must be maintained in order to promptly detect difficult cases and to curb potential outbreaks.
Clinical and Laboratory Investigations A simple clinical scoring system to improve the sensitivity and standardization of the diagnosis of mycosis fungoides type cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: logistic regression of clinical and laboratory data

Background The diagnosis of mycosis fungoides (MF) is notoriously difficult to establish because in the early stages, histological features may be nonspecific or merely suggestive. Objectives To standardize the diagnosis of MF. Methods We studied 138 patients with suspected MF referred over a 7-year period to a university department of a dermatology-based cutaneous lymphoma clinic. Six diagnostic criteria were evaluated: clinical morphology, clinical distribution, skin biopsy T-cell receptor gene rearrangement (TCR-GR), skin biopsy pan T-cell marker loss ‡ 2, skin biopsy CD4 ⁄ CD8 ratio ‡ 6, and skin biopsy diffuse epidermal HLA-DR expression. These six clinical and laboratory criteria were compared by logistic regression analysis in patients with histologically diagnosed MF and those with benign disease. Results Of the 138 patients, 74 had histology of MF, 47 of benign dermatoses and 17 were indeterminate. Close associations were found between a histological diagnosis of MF and TCR-GR (odds ratio 14Æ4), classical morphology (7Æ5), classical distribution (2Æ5) and diffuse epidermal HLA-DR expression (2Æ8). Logistic regression models were developed depending on the availability of data (either TCR-GR or HLA-DR). Probabilities for correctly diagnosing MF compared with histology as the gold standard were derived from these logistic regression models. A scoring system assigning point values based on these probabilities was then created in order to assist the clinician in making the diagnosis. If using TCR-GR data, a positive TCR-GR 1⁄4 2Æ5 points, the presence of classical morphology 1⁄4 2Æ0 points, and the presence of classical distribution 1⁄4 1Æ5 points. A total score of ‡ 3Æ5 points assigns a high probability (> 85%) of having MF. If using HLA-DR expression, then the presence of classical morphology 1⁄4 2Æ5 points, a positive diffuse epidermal HLA-DR expression 1⁄4 2Æ0 points, and the presence of classical distribution 1⁄4 1Æ5 points. In this case, a total score of ‡ 4Æ0 points assigns a high probability (> 85%) of MF. Conclusions The logistic regression models and scoring systems integrate clinical and laboratory assessments, allow rapid probability estimation, and provide a threshold for the diagnosis of MF in an objective, standardized manner.
All change? Managers' experience of organizational change in theory and practice

Purpose - This paper aims to examine the usefulness of organizational change theory for management practice. Design/methodology/approach - The authors present an exploratory, empirical study of managers who were taught organizational change theory as part of a postgraduate degree. Building on the study findings, they analyse managers' subsequent experiences of organizational change; of how they use change theory in practice and the impact on their practice of their earlier formal study. Findings - The paper finds that the complexities of managing change in practice reflect distinctive organizational environments and cultures. The skills and knowledge which managers found most useful were those that enabled them to "make sense" of the organizational change they subsequently experienced. The main impact of their earlier studies was to prompt informative, discursive and reflective approaches to change management. Practical implications - The paper discusses the implications for future teaching of organizational change and the development of organizational change theory. Originality/value - The qualitative findings of the study add to, and help to explain, earlier research findings on the questions of how managers' experience change, how they use organizational change theory and its impact on their practice.
Text type and discourse framework

The classification of text types frequently involves linking the purpose or function of a discourse with the linguistic features which realize that purpose in the text a method typically associated with 'functional' theories of linguistics. This paper investigates the ways in which linguistic features realize discourse purpose in the four different types of monologic discourse posited in one functional theory, Longacre 's version of tagmemics. In investigating samples of approximately 1000 words drawn from eight scientific texts, it is found that while some text types may not be dominated by a single set of linguistic features, nevertheless each text type does seem to be dominated by an overall purpose. This dominance is ascribed to the function of the discourse framework in which each text occurs. Analysis of the various levels at which a discourse framework operates suggests that linguistic features may be helpful in identifying the purpose of a particular text, but are not necessarily the chief indices of the purpose ofthat text.
The availability of purine nucleotides regulates natural competence by controlling translation of the competence activator Sxy

Many bacteria are naturally competent, able to bind and take up DNA from their extracellular environment. This DNA can serve as a significant source of nutrients, in addition to providing genetic material for recombination. The regulation of competence in several model organisms highlights the importance of this nutritional function, although it has often been overlooked. Natural competence is induced by starvation in Haemophilus influenzae, the model for competence regulation in the gamma‐proteobacteria. This induction depends on the activation of the global metabolic regulator CRP, which occurs upon depletion of phosphotransferase sugars. In this work, we show that the depletion of purine nucleotides under competence‐inducing conditions activates the CRP‐dependent competence‐specific regulator Sxy. Depletion of extra‐ or intra‐cellular purine nucleotides activates Sxy translation, while high levels inhibit it. This is modulated by the stem structure formed by sxy mRNA. The exact mechanism by which the nucleotide depletion signal is transduced is unclear, but it does not involve direct binding of purine intermediates to the sxy stem, and does not require Hfq or competence proteins. Similar regulation occurs in the relatives of H. influenzae, Actinobacillus pneumoniae and A. suis, confirming the importance of processes enabling competent bacteria to exploit the abundant DNA in their environments.
Silk Fibroin of Bombyx mori Is Secreted, Assembling a High Molecular Mass Elementary Unit Consisting of H-chain, L-chain, and P25, with a 6:6:1 Molar Ratio*

Silk fibroin produced by the silkwormBombyx mori consists of a heavy chain, a light chain, and a glycoprotein, P25. The heavy and light chains are linked by a disulfide bond, and P25 associates with disulfide-linked heavy and light chains by noncovalent interactions. Quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that molar ratios of the heavy chain, light chain, and P25 were 6:6:1, both in cocoons and in fibroin secreted into the lumen of posterior silk gland. Trace amounts of fibroin produced by three “naked pupa” mutants of B. mori lacked the light chain, but the molar ratio of heavy chain and P25 was also 6:1. Gel filtration chromatography and sedimentation equilibrium analysis demonstrated that a large protein complex of approximately 2.3 MDa, designated an elementary unit of fibroin having 6:6:1 molar ratios of the heavy chain, light chain, and P25, existed in posterior silk gland cells. Inaccessibility of biotinylated concanavalin A to the native elementary unit and partial dissociation of the elementary unit after incubation with excess N-glycosidase F or endoglycosidase H suggest that a single molecule of P25 is located internally and plays an important role in maintaining integrity of the complex.