Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resources and Relationships: Social Networks and Mobility in the Workplace

This paper examines how the structure and content of individuals' networks on the job affect intraorganizational mobility. Consistent with prior research, we find that mobility is enhanced by having large, dense networks of informal ties for acquiring information and resources. However, studies of networks and organizational careers have overlooked the importance of informal ties in transmitting social identity and normative expectations within organizations, which is facilitated by networks with the opposite features: smaller size and greater density. We use this argument as the basis for developing a typology of network contents, and we document this interaction between network structure and content in analyses of mobility among employees of a high technology firm. We also show how the effects of tie duration on mobility vary across types of network ties. The implications of these findings for theory and research on networks and organizational mobility are discussed.
Between Euroscepticism and Eurosupport: The Attitudes of Urban and Rural Populations in Poland 2000–2008

Abstract Three main factors explain public support for EU membership: utilitarian expectations, the role of values and ideas, and class partisanship. In the Polish case, public opinion polls and issues more specific to Poland, such as the role of the Catholic Church, populist political parties and profound Euroscepticism among farmers, suggest that although these theoretical explanations overlap, each of them has a different explanatory value. The economic approach remains the best predictor of support for EU membership, and whereas values and identity are closely linked to and dependent upon economic expectations, the impact of national politics appears largely decoupled from Polish Euroscepticism.
Joint Effects of Low Body Mass Index and Alcohol Consumption on Developing Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer: a Korean Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

Objective: In Korea, 95% of esophageal cancer (EC) was the squamous cell-type. We sought to determine the combined risk of alcohol consumption on developing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in pre-diagnostic underweight subjects using Korean national data. Methods: We analyzed the clinical data from a total of 264,084 individuals aged 40 years or older, who received healthcare checkups arranged by the national insurance program, between 2003 and 2008 in Korea. Cox proportional hazards regression was used after adjusting confounding factors. Result: Newly diagnosed 278 EC was identified using the claims data during a median follow-up duration of 7.9 years. It was determined that underweight and obesity-compared with normal weight-were significantly associated with 73% increased risk and 30% decreased risk of EC, respectively. Weight gain reduced the risk of EC. Alcohol consumption increased risk for EC in a dose-dependent manner. Heavy alcohol consumption in individuals with underweight increased the risk of developing EC dramatically. Conclusion: Underweight was a risk factor for ESCC and alcohol consumption raised the risk synergistically with low BMI. Achieving normal range of BMI could reduce the risk of ESCC.
A critical and phenomenological genealogy of the question of the real in Western economics and management

Purpose – This paper aims to answer the following question: where does our capacity for epoche, for decentration, for suspending representations come from? This question is an important one if we accept, as phenomenology does, that this is how we can find the meaning of our life and our actions.Design/methodology/approach – In order to answer this question the paper undertakes a critical genealogy of what those in the Western world consider to be the real, stressing how much Western thought overestimates the reality of what can be seen, measured, and calculated, and underestimates the experience of interiority by silencing the real dynamic of development of each person's lives.Findings – Following on from Michel Henry's phenomenology the paper shows how epoche, decentring is precisely about paying attention to this very real dynamic of development of life with others. Suspending for a while the representations and calculations and allowing people to be guided by such dynamic is therefore totally justified.
Societal values and individual values in reward allocation preferences

Purpose – Prior research suggests that cultural values affect individuals’ preferences in whether work rewards (i.e. pay and benefits) are allocated according to rules based on equity, equality, or need. However, this research has focussed primarily on societal-level values or individual-level operationalizations of values originally conceptualized at the societal level. Drawing on equity and social exchange theories, the purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical model and nine propositions that incorporate both individual and societal values as determinants of these reward allocation rule preferences. Design/methodology/approach – The author briefly reviews of the relevant literature on values and reward allocation preferences and present arguments supported by prior research, leading to a model and nine propositions. Findings – The author proposes that societal values and individual values have main and interactive effects on reward allocation preferences and that the effects of societal values .
Corporal Punishment in U.S. Public Schools: A Continuing Challenge for School Social Workers.

Although corporal punishment has been banned in 29 states, more than a million cases of corporal punishment in U.S. schools continue to be reported annually, with states located in the southeastern and southwestern United States accounting for the vast majority of instances of corporal punishment. This article provides an overview of corporal punishment in U.S. public schools and includes a discussion of the influence of cultural and religious attitudes on the use of corporal punishment as a means of disciplining students. It offers several strategies designed to reduce the frequency of corporal punishment in general as well as strategies that specifically target those communities where strongly held religious and cultural beliefs reinforce the routine use of corporal punishment, and it calls on school social workers to advocate for effective alternatives to corporal punishment and to work to ban corporal punishment in those 21 states where it remains legal.
Experimental peri-implant tissue breakdown around different dental implant surfaces: clinical and radiographic evaluation in dogs.

PURPOSE Tissue reactions to 4 different implant surfaces were evaluated in regard to the development and progression of ligature-induced peri-implantitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 6 male mongrel dogs, a total of 36 dental implants with different surfaces (9 titanium plasma-sprayed, 9 hydroxyapatite-coated, 9 acid-etched, and 9 commercially pure titanium) were placed 3 months after mandibular premolar extraction. After 3 months with optimal plaque control, abutment connection was performed. Forty-five days later, cotton ligatures were placed around the implants to induce peri-implantitis. At baseline and 20, 40, and 60 days after placement, the presence of plaque, peri-implant mucosal redness, bleeding on probing, probing depth, clinical attachment loss, mobility, vertical bone loss, and horizontal bone loss were assessed. RESULTS The results did not show significant differences among the surfaces for any parameter during the study (P > .05). All surfaces were equally susceptible to ligature-induced peri-implantitis over time (P < .001). Correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between width of keratinized tissue and vertical bone loss (r2 = 0.81; P = .014) and between mobility and vertical bone loss (r2 = 0.66; P = .04), both for the titanium plasma-sprayed surface. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The present data suggest that all surfaces were equally susceptible to experimental peri-implantitis after a 60-day period.
Indole-3-Acetic Acid Biosynthesis inColletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp.aeschynomene

ABSTRACT We characterized the biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid by the mycoherbicide Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp.aeschynomene. Auxin production was tryptophan dependent. Compounds from the indole-3-acetamide and indole-3-pyruvic acid pathways were detected in culture filtrates. Feeding experiments and in vitro assay confirmed the presence of both pathways. Indole-3-acetamide was the major pathway utilized by the fungus to produce indole-3-acetic acid in culture.
Toddlers' recognition of noise-vocoded speech.

Despite their remarkable clinical success, cochlear-implant listeners today still receive spectrally degraded information. Much research has examined normally hearing adult listeners' ability to interpret spectrally degraded signals, primarily using noise-vocoded speech to simulate cochlear implant processing. Far less research has explored infants' and toddlers' ability to interpret spectrally degraded signals, despite the fact that children in this age range are frequently implanted. This study examines 27-month-old typically developing toddlers' recognition of noise-vocoded speech in a language-guided looking study. Children saw two images on each trial and heard a voice instructing them to look at one item ("Find the cat! "). Full-spectrum sentences or their noise-vocoded versions were presented with varying numbers of spectral channels. Toddlers showed equivalent proportions of looking to the target object with full-speech and 24- or 8-channel noise-vocoded speech; they failed to look appropriately with 2-channel noise-vocoded speech and showed variable performance with 4-channel noise-vocoded speech. Despite accurate looking performance for speech with at least eight channels, children were slower to respond appropriately as the number of channels decreased. These results indicate that 2-yr-olds have developed the ability to interpret vocoded speech, even without practice, but that doing so requires additional processing. These findings have important implications for pediatric cochlear implantation.
Navigating Between a Rock and a Hard Place

The educational accountability movement in the United States under No Child Left Behind has negatively affected urban teachers because of high-stakes testing, narrowed curriculum, and scripted pedagogy. Such conditions have led to teacher stress, burnout, and attrition. Missing from the scholarly literature are the ways in which teachers work to overcome these conditions. This article offers a self-study that examines an urban elementary teacher’s journey as he navigated both within and against the structural mandates of No Child Left Behind. Using Anthony Giddens’s theory of structuration, the author elaborates on four key factors—strong teacher preparation, cultivation of caring relationships with students and families, collaboration with other teachers, and development of an informal contract with administration—that ultimately were responsible for his success and well-being.
Death, Anxiety, and Depression in Lebanese Undergraduates

A Lebanese sample of undergraduates (n = 228) responded to the Death Anxiety Scale (DAS), Death Depression Scale (DDS), general anxiety (Trait Anxiety; STAI-T), and general depression (Beck Depression Inventory; BDI). Administration of the psychometric instruments was carried out in March 1991, after the cessation of the civil war in Lebanon, which had lasted for sixteen years. Alpha reliabilities were either acceptable or high. The DDS has a meaningful factorial structure. All of the intercorrelations (r) between the four scales were statistically significant Foremost among them are the following: DAS and DDS r = . 709, STAI-T and BDI r = . 486, DAS and STAI-T r = . 198, DDS and BDI r = . 215. Two orthogonal factors were extracted: death distress and general neurotic disorder. The main results are in keeping with previous results on Egyptian and U.S. participants. There is a need to test the differences of the total scores of the aforementioned four scales between the Egyptian and Lebanese samples.
Transnationalizing the ‘Asian’ family: imaginaries, intimacies and strategic intents

In this introductory article, we emphasize the significance of considering the politics and practices of transnationalism as they impinge on the social morphology of transnational ‘Asian’ families. Three strands of work in this arena are discussed. First, transnational families draw on ideologically laden imaginaries to give coherence to notions of belonging despite the physical dispersal of their members; these imaginaries may in turn act as a conservative force exerting control over particular female members, an increasing salient issue given the feminization of various streams of labour migration. Second, transnational families are also realized through lived experiences, where variants and degrees of intimacy are negotiated across transnational spaces with both ‘regular’ members and ‘irregular’ others. In the process, social identities may be reinforced or reconfigured. Third, families may assume transnational morphologies with the strategic intent of ensuring economic survival or maximizing social mobility. In this context, children's education has emerged as a particularly important project which provides strong impetus for families to go transnational.
Dynamics of a Transgene Expression in Acute Rat Brain Slices Transfected with Adenoviral Vectors

We present a quantitative account of the expression dynamics of a transgene (enhanced green fluorescent protein, EGFP) in acute brain slices transfected with an adenoviral vector (AVV) under control of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) promoter. Micromolar concentrations of EGFP could be detected in brainstem and hippocampal slices as early as 7 h after in vitro transfection with a viral titre of 4.4 × 109 plaque‐forming units (pfu) ml−1. Although initially EGFP appeared mainly in glia, it could be detected in neurones with longer incubation times of 10‐12 h. However, fluorescence was never detected within some populations of neurones, such as hippocampal pyramidal cells, or within the hypoglossal motor nucleus. The density of cells expressing EGFP peaked at 10 h and then decreased, possibly suggesting that high concentrations of EGFP are toxic. The age of the animal significantly affected the speed of EGFP accumulation: after 10 h of incubation in 30‐day‐old rats only 4.88 ± 0.51 cells/10 000 μm2 were fluorescent compared to 7.28 ± 0.39 cells/10 000 μm2 in 12‐day‐old rats (P < 0.05). HCMV promoter‐driven transgene expression depended on the activity of protein kinase A, and was depressed with a cAMP/protein kinase A antagonist (20 μM Rp‐cAMPS; P < 0.0005). This indicates that expression of HCMV‐driven constructs is likely to be skewed towards cellular populations where cAMP‐dependent signalling pathways are active. We conclude that acute transfection of brain slices with AVVs within hours causes EGFP expression in micromolar concentrations and that such transfected cells may remain viable for use in physiological experiments.
Recognizing Chinese Americans' Cultural Needs in Making End-of-Life Treatment Decisions

The Chinese American population has grown rapidly in the last two decades. In the context of American healthcare, Chinese Americans have reported difficulties in reconciling traditional cultural beliefs with expectations for advance care planning. Cultural elements that fundamentally shape Chinese Americans' decisions regarding life-sustaining treatment are introduced in this article, including: the influence of acculturation, Confucian ethics, collectivism, familialism, male paternalism, filial piety, Confucian propriety and physician paternalism, the importance of dying with a full stomach, death as a cultural taboo, and the Chinese view of a good death. Healthcare providers who recognize these traditional cultural beliefs are better able to assist Chinese American patients and families in making end-of-life decisions in accordance with their cultural needs.
Union Loyalty and Strike Propensity

Abstract Predictors of the propensity of union members to strike were examined by administering questionnaires to a group of 44 unionized university technologists and technicians in Canada. After union tenure was statistically controlled, union loyalty predicted strike propensity and inter-role conflict moderated this effect: Specifically, the relationship between union loyalty and strike propensity was significantly higher when inter-role conflict was low. Suggestions for future research on union commitment and on strike propensity are offered, and practical suggestions for enhancing union participation are identified.
Resistance to the Short Term Antiproliferative Activity of the G-quadruplex Ligand 12459 Is Associated with Telomerase Overexpression and Telomere Capping Alteration*

Ligands that stabilize the telomeric G-rich single-stranded DNA overhang into G-quadruplex can be considered as potential antitumor agents that block telomere replication. Ligand 12459, a potent G-quadruplex ligand that belongs to the triazine series, has been previously shown to induce both telomere shortening and apoptosis in the human A549 cell line as a function of its concentration and time exposure. We show here that A549 clones obtained after mutagenesis and selected for resistance to the short term effect of ligand 12459 frequently displayed hTERT transcript overexpression (2–6-fold). Overexpression of hTERT was also characterized in two resistant clones (JFD10 and JFD18) as an increase in telomerase activity, leading to an increase in telomere length. An increased frequency of anaphase bridges was also detected in JFD10 and JFD18, suggesting an alteration of telomere capping functions. Transfection of either hTERT or DN-hTERT cDNAs into A549 cells did not confer resistance or hypersensitivity to the short term effect of ligand 12459, indicating that telomerase expression is not the main determinant of the antiproliferative effect of ligand 12459. In contrast, transfection of DN-hTERT cDNA into resistant JFD18 cells restored sensitivity to apoptotic concentrations of ligand 12459, suggesting that telomerase does participate in the resistance to this G-quadruplex ligand. This work provides evidence that telomerase activity is not the main target for the 12459 G-quadruplex ligand but that hTERT functions contribute to the resistance phenotype to this class of agents.
The Outcomes of Home‐based Education: employment and other issues

Aspects of the adult lives of wholly or partly home‐educated people who took part in a study carried out from 1982‐88 are examined. The experience of ex‐Summerhill students, about whom more information exists due to the longer time‐span involved, is used to discuss some of the issues common to both types of non‐compulsory education. All those who attempted entry to further and higher education courses were successful in achieving this: there is no evidence of prejudice against the home‐educated. In the area of employment the same seems to be true; the importance of personality attributes gained through home‐based education is apparent. The socialisation of home‐educated students is often regarded as a problem by the uninvolved: the study shows that, on the contrary, home‐educated people may be much better prepared socially than some of their schooled peers.
Consequences of the Black Sense of Self

In this study, the authors proposed that African Americans, unlike their European American counterparts, fashion a sense of self with a more collectivistic focus. Moreover, it was hypothesized that Black self-constructs should have a marked influence on a range of outcomes. Using a sample of African American adults, the influence of a multifaceted Black self-construct (African self-consciousness, ethnic identity, and Black identity) was examined on specific social and political orientations. Separating these self-constructs into African-centered and non-African-centered, the authors were able to show that the separate facets of the self-construct are correlated, reflect a strong sense of self, indicate a collectivist orientation, and tend to affect a number of important social and political orientations. African self-consciousness, as an example of African-centered theorizing of the concept of self, had an effect on almost all the outcomes in predictable ways and, in a comparative sense, was a more significant construct than the other facets.
Integrity at a Distance: A Study of Academic Misconduct among University Students on and off Campus

Academic integrity and misconduct have been the subject of increased interest in universities and for the public at large. Many studies have examined cheating behaviours to determine which forms of misconduct are most prevalent, which students perceive to be most serious, which academic disciplines have higher cheating rates, and what factors influence a student's propensity to cheat. Such research has taken place in traditional colleges and universities where students study on campus and have regular contact with other students and educators. However, the increasing popularity of distance education has raised new concerns over academic integrity among students not on campus. This paper reports on a study that explored academic misconduct amongst the student cohort at an Australian university with an extensive distance education program. Using a survey instrument previously developed in the USA, students were asked about a number of types of academic misconduct, their prevalence, and their seriousness. The study found that distance students are far less likely to engage in academic misconduct. Reasons for this finding are explored within the paper.
Violence in Families: The Development of a Program to Enable Clergy to Provide Support

The responsibility of the religious community to take proactive measures to face up to the issue of violence in the family was addressed by the Anglican Church in Western Australia. This paper describes a survey of clergy which indicated the nature and incidence of abuse as a pastoral concern for clergy, the extent to which they were equipped to deal with it, and their perceived needs with regard to training. Analysis of this descriptive data provided the framework for the development of a training program. Trialling and evaluation of the program resulted in the publication of a curriculum package to equip clergy and church workers to respond appropriately to the pastoral needs of the abused, and to take the opportunity to reflect on their related beliefs and values. A similar approach is recommended for community or professional groups wishing to become familiar with the characteristics, causes, and outcomes of domestic violence.
Reflecting on the Use of IPA with Focus Groups: Pitfalls and Potentials

Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) is a phenomenological, hermeneutic method for analysing semi-structured interview data, supported by a robust theoretical foundation and detailed practical procedures. The use of IPA with focus group data does not yet have the same status, and it should not be assumed that either theory or practice can remain unchanged when applied to focus groups. Two core features of IPA are discussed and problematized in the context of focus group work: the negotiation of part-whole relationships and the management of the interplay between real-time discursive and post-hoc thematic sense-making. With both these issues, practical solutions are offered from our own research on care. Although it is possible to adjust the IPA method for group data, there remain some profound theoretical and epistemological questions about whether the resultant focus on the group-individual dynamic and the discursive construction of experience represents too fundamental a shift from the idiographic and the psychological to be considered “true IPA. ” However, working through these issues and attempting to move from either/ors to both/ands are seen as being true to the spirit of phenomenological enquiry.