Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pruritus in primary myelofibrosis: Clinical and laboratory correlates

Recent clinical trials with JAK or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors in primary myelofibrosis (PMF) have identified pruritus as one of the most treatment‐responsive disease traits. However, little is known about the prevalence of pruritus in PMF or its clinical and laboratory correlates. Among 566 consecutive patients with PMF seen at our institution, the presence or absence of pruritus was documented in 90 (16%) and 146 (26%) patients, respectively. Patients with pruritus were less likely to express MPLW515 (0% vs. 10%; P = 0.02) or leukopenia (8% vs. 24%; P = 0.002). The latter association was more pronounced in the absence of JAK2 or MPL mutations. Pruritus also clustered with marked leukocytosis (23% vs. 11%; P = 0.01) and JAK2V617F (71% vs. 59%; P = 0.08). Pruritus did not correlate with karyotype (P = 0.33), risk category per the Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System (DIPSS)‐plus (P = 0.37), DIPSS‐plus‐adjusted survival (P = 0.41), or leukemic transformation (P = 0.13). Plasma levels of 20 cytokines, which are known to be abnormally expressed in PMF, including IL‐1b, IL‐2R, IL‐6, IL‐8, and VEGF, were measured in 63 informative cases and showed no correlations with history of pruritus. We conclude that pruritus is relatively frequent in PMF and is prognostically irrelevant. The pathogenesis of PMF‐associated pruritus is not necessarily linked to proinflammatory cytokines but may instead involve molecules that are either granulocyte‐derived or influence granulopoiesis. The apparently differential effect of MPL vs. JAK2 mutations on pruritus requires further investigation. Am. J. Hematol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A global evaluation of organizational fairness and its relationship to psychological contracts

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to examine whether the concepts of organizational politics, procedural justice, and psychological contract breach can serve as indicators of a global evaluation of the (un)fairness of the organization, and that this general fairness evaluation predicts attitudes and behaviors. Design/methodology/approach – The paper compares the model to one in which the concepts are considered in terms of both their unique effects and the interrelationships among them. In addition, the study examines how psychological contract types are related to each model. A survey of 311 bank employees in Israel was conducted. Findings – The findings show that neither model is strongly superior to the other. This suggests that the three exchange variables can be conceptualized, not only in terms of their unique effects and interrelationships, but also as aspects of one global concept of fairness. Originality/value – This study suggests that the concepts of organizational politics, procedural justice.
The construction and deconstruction of educational policy documents

This article begins with a critique of the traditional technical‐empiricist approach to policy analysis in which official documents issued by agencies of the state are interpreted as expressions of political intention, that is as proposed courses of action to be discussed by the public before being implemented as official policy. It is argued that this traditional approach to policy is based upon idealist assumptions about the nature of language itself which take it to be a transparent vehicle for the transmission of information, thoughts and values. An alternative approach to the analysis of policy documents is outlined based on theories of discourse that have been developed from within a materialist conception of language. It is suggested that some policy documents legitimate the power of the state and contribute fundamentally to the ‘engineering’ of consent. Such texts contain divergent meanings, contradictions and structured omissions, so that different effects are produced on different readers. An im.
Emotion regulation and relationship quality in mother–young adult child dyads

A functionalist approach to emotion regulation (ER) emphasizes the strategies people use to regulate their emotions and their goals for doing so. In the present work 90 mother–young adult child dyads (51 daughters; 39 sons) reported on their perceptions about relationship quality and the extent to which they employed one ER strategy (expressive suppression) and two ER goals (self- and other-oriented) when controlling anger toward the partner. Suppression and both ER goals predicted one’s own reports of relationship quality; however, only the two ER goals predicted partner reports of relationship satisfaction. Relations between ER processes and relationship quality were comparable for both generations. Results are discussed from a functionalist perspective in which ER is conceptualized as an integrated interpersonal system.
The influence of nano MgO and BaSO4 particle size additives on properties of PMMA bone cement

A common technique to aid in implant fixation into surrounding bone is to inject bone cement into the space between the implant and surrounding bone. The most common bone cement material used clinically today is poly(methyl methacrylate), or PMMA. Although promising, there are numerous disadvantages of using PMMA in bone fixation applications which has limited its wide spread use. Specifically, the PMMA polymerization reaction is highly exothermic in situ, thus, damaging surrounding bone tissue while curing. In addition, PMMA by itself is not visible using typical medical imaging techniques (such as X-rays required to assess new bone formation surrounding the implant). Lastly, although PMMA does support new bone growth, studies have highlighted decreased osteoblast (bone forming cell) functions on PMMA compared to other common orthopedic coating materials, such as calcium phosphates and hydroxyapatite. For these reasons, the goal of this study was to begin to investigate novel additives to PMMA which can enhance its cytocompatibility properties with osteoblasts, decrease its exothermic reaction when curing, and increase its radiopacity. Results of this study demonstrated that compared to conventional (or micron) equivalents, PMMA with nanoparticles of MgO and BaSO4 reduced harmful exothermic reactions of PMMA during solidification and increased radiopacity, respectively. Moreover, osteoblast adhesion increased on PMMA with nanoparticles of MgO and BaSO4 compared with PMMA alone. This study, thus, suggests that nanoparticles of MgO and BaSO4 should be further studied for improving properties of PMMA for orthopedic applications.
Sensing ‘performance anxiety’: Zhang Ziyi, Tang Wei, and female film stardom in the People’s Republic of China

This article explores the intersection of affective-sensorial and politico-cultural dimensions involved in female film star-gazing in present-day China. Case studies of two controversial female film stars (Zhang Ziyi and Tang Wei) reveal that the actresses’ on-screen and off-screen sexual performances incited expressions of public ‘performance anxiety’. Through an analysis of each star’s reception vis-à-vis interviews, newspaper articles, and online user comments, this article proposes that certain structures of affect related to shame, anxiety, and arousal are also connected to sensorial experiences of taste, smell, touch, and sight.
Climate Change and the Emergence of New Organizational Landscapes

There is general agreement across the world that human-made climate change is a serious global problem, although there are still some sceptics who challenge this view. Research in organization studies on the topic is relatively new. Much of this research, however, is instrumental and managerialist in its focus on ‘win-win’ opportunities for business or its treatment of climate change as just another corporate social responsibility (CSR) exercise. In this paper, we suggest that climate change is not just an environmental problem requiring technical and managerial solutions; it is a political issue where a variety of organizations – state agencies, firms, industry associations, NGOs and multilateral organizations – engage in contestation as well as collaboration over the issue. We discuss the strategic, institutional and political economy dimensions of climate change and develop a socioeconomic regimes approach as a synthesis of these different theoretical perspectives. Given the urgency of the problem and the need for a rapid transition to a low-carbon economy, there is a pressing need for organization scholars to develop a better understanding of apathy and inertia in the face of the current crisis and to identify paths toward transformative change. The seven papers in this special issue address these areas of research and examine strategies, discourses, identities and practices in relation to climate change at multiple levels.
Career progression of young female accountants: evidence from the accountancy profession in Ireland

nvestigates the career progression of young female Certified Public Accountants in Ireland. Focuses on generation X accountants. A total of 12 male and 12 female accountants were interviewed. All were under the age of 30 and qualified as within the past five years. Aims to examine: whether the young generation of female accountants has encountered the “glass ceiling”; if there is a tendency for male dominance in professional accountancy practices or in industry; whether gender affects one’s ability to network socially; and the ability of the young accountants to balance their home and work lives. This study is particularly relevant, as previous research studies conducted with accountants have focused on older generations. The results of the study show that young female accountants encounter obstacles in their careers because of their gender. The female accountants in this study suggest that male dominance will persist in accountancy practices. Our findings also suggest that an important challenge for managers today is managing generation Xers, who work to live and do not live to work. Finally, the research findings from this study contribute primarily to the extant research on women in the accountancy profession. Also contributes to the corpus of knowledge on women in management, career development, and the development and management of generation X.
Gnotobiotic mouse model of phage–bacterial host dynamics in the human gut

Significance A consortium of sequenced human gut bacteria was introduced into germ-free mice followed by a “staged” phage attack with virus-like particles purified from the fecal microbiota of five healthy adult humans. Unique phages were identified attacking microbiota members in nonsimultaneous fashion. Some host bacterial species acquired resistance to phage attack through ecological or epigenetic mechanisms. Changes in community structure observed after attack were transient. Spontaneous induction of prophages present in seven bacterial taxa was modest, occurring independently of the phage attack. Together, these results reveal a largely temperate phage–bacterial host dynamic and illustrate how gnotobiotic mouse models can help characterize ecological relationships in the gut by taking into account its most abundant but least understood component, viruses. Bacterial viruses (phages) are the most abundant biological group on Earth and are more genetically diverse than their bacterial prey/hosts. To characterize their role as agents shaping gut microbial community structure, adult germ-free mice were colonized with a consortium of 15 sequenced human bacterial symbionts, 13 of which harbored one or more predicted prophages. One member, Bacteroides cellulosilyticus WH2, was represented by a library of isogenic transposon mutants that covered 90% of its genes. Once assembled, the community was subjected to a staged phage attack with a pool of live or heat-killed virus-like particles (VLPs) purified from the fecal microbiota of five healthy humans. Shotgun sequencing of DNA from the input pooled VLP preparation plus shotgun sequencing of gut microbiota samples and purified fecal VLPs from the gnotobiotic mice revealed a reproducible nonsimultaneous pattern of attack extending over a 25-d period that involved five phages, none described previously. This system allowed us to (i) correlate increases in specific phages present in the pooled VLPs with reductions in the representation of particular bacterial taxa, (ii) provide evidence that phage resistance occurred because of ecological or epigenetic factors, (iii) track the origin of each of the five phages among the five human donors plus the extent of their genome variation between and within recipient mice, and (iv) establish the dramatic in vivo fitness advantage that a locus within a B. cellulosilyticus prophage confers upon its host. Together, these results provide a defined community-wide view of phage–bacterial host dynamics in the gut.
Motivation and Attribution at Secondary School: the role of gender

Summary A total of 1068 secondary school pupils completed a questionnaire concerned with enjoyment of school, enjoyment of subjects and what they attributed academic success to. Gender differences were shown in the overall enjoyment of school (girls expressing greater enjoyment). Girls also reported liking friends, teachers, outings and lessons more than boys, while boys reported liking sports and school clubs more. Enjoyment of school subjects reflected traditional sex stereotyping: girls reported more liking than did boys for English, French, German, history, drama, music and home economics while boys reported more liking for science. craft and design technology, physical education and information technology. Some gender differences were shown in rating factors contributing to academic success (girls rating hard work and teachers’ liking for you as more important than boys, and boys rating cleverness, talent and luck as more important than girls) but attributions with respect to academic success varied .
Flow-Erleben in Arbeit und Freizeit

Zusammenfassung. Das flowpsychologische “Paradox der Arbeit” besagt, dass im modernen Alltag die Berufsarbeit die Hauptquelle von Flow-Erlebnissen darstelle, trotzdem aber die Freizeit der Arbeit vorgezogen werde. Dies sei nur durch ein kulturelles Vorurteil erklarbar, das den Blick auf die Realitat des Erlebens verstelle. Ziel der vorgestellten Studie ist es, die empirischen Befunde, die zur Formulierung dieses Paradoxes Anlass gaben, in einer Weise zu replizieren, die die angesprochenen Phanomene theoretisch pragnanter sichtbar werden lasst. Zu diesem Zwecke wurde eine soziookonomisch heterogene Stichprobe von 46 berufstatigen Erwachsenen wahrend einer Woche (Montag bis Sonntag) mit der Experience Sampling Method untersucht. Als Bezugsrahmen diente die Theorie Positiver und Negativer Aktivierung. Es zeigt sich, dass sich die mit dem Flow-Konzept angezielte Erlebnisqualitat weitgehend mit Zustanden hoher Positiver Aktivierung deckt und dass in dieser Dimension Arbeit tatsachlich positiver erlebt wird als.
Phasic Vagal Sensory Feedback Transforms Respiratory Neuron Activity In Vitro

The isolated neonatal rat medulla generates respiratory-related rhythms recorded from cervical spinal cord ventral roots. When lungs and their vagal innervation are retained, respiratory activity is modulated by lung mechanoreceptor feedback: transient lung inflation triggered off inspiratory onset (phasic inflation) shortens inspiration and increases respiratory frequency. In this study, the activity of six respiratory neuron classes before and during phasic inflation was studied. Type 1 and 2 inspiratory neurons, identified in the transverse slice, were distinguished by the presence of a transient outward current or a hyperpolarization-activated inward current, respectively. Cell types only identified in the en bloc medulla included type II and III inspiratory neurons, distinguished by delayed onset and peri-inspiratory inhibition, respectively, and preinspiratory neurons, active before and after but silent during inspiration. Biphasic neurons, identified in the preparation used here, fired briskly during lung inflation but are otherwise quiescent. During phasic inflation, biphasic neurons showed a decrementing expiratory pattern of activity, matched by augmented postinspiratory hyperpolarization in type 1 neurons only, suggesting that biphasic neurons inhibit type 1 neurons, removing drive to other inspiratory neurons and terminating the inspiratory burst. This mechanism could account for a phasic inflation-induced increase in respiratory frequency via resetting effects. Alternatively, the phasic inflation-induced respiratory frequency increase may be attributable to slow facilitation. Slow modulation consistent with facilitation was apparent in the earlier onset of pre-I firing before inspiration and loss of postinspiratory firing and in the earlier onset of depolarization in type 2 neurons. On the basis of relative onset times and responses to phasic inflation, connectivity between these cell types is proposed.
A Unified Approach to Measurement Error and Missing Data: Overview and Applications

Although social scientists devote considerable effort to mitigating measurement error during data collection, they often ignore the issue during data analysis. And although many statistical methods have been proposed for reducing measurement error-induced biases, few have been widely used because of implausible assumptions, high levels of model dependence, difficult computation, or inapplicability with multiple mismeasured variables. We develop an easy-to-use alternative without these problems; it generalizes the popular multiple imputation (MI) framework by treating missing data problems as a limiting special case of extreme measurement error and corrects for both. Like MI, the proposed framework is a simple two-step procedure, so that in the second step researchers can use whatever statistical method they would have if there had been no problem in the first place. We also offer empirical illustrations, open source software that implements all the methods described herein, and a companion article with technical details and extensions.
Max Weber on Law and the Rise of Capitalism

The common tendency to think of "law and development" as the study of problems unique to the 20th century often results in our neglect of the groundwork already established by scholars of an earlier age facing similar problems. Professor Trubek's concise distillation of Max Weber's contribution to law and development theory demonstrates the continued viability of Weber's analysis for contemporary use.
Intravenously injected sialidase inactivates attachment sites for lymphocytes on high endothelial venules.

Blood-borne lymphocytes initiate entry into secondary lymphoid organs, such as peripheral lymph nodes (PN) and gut-associated Peyer's patches (PP), by a highly specific adhesive interaction between the lymphocytes and the endothelium of specialized blood vessels known as a high endothelial venules (HEV). The selectivity with which functional subpopulations of lymphocytes migrate into particular lymphoid organs is believed to be regulated by the expression of cell adhesion receptors and complementary ligands on lymphocytes and HEV, respectively. The entry of lymphocytes into PN and PP has clearly been shown to involve distinct receptor-ligand pairs. Employing the Stamper-Woodruff in vitro adhesion assay, which measures lymphocyte attachment to HEV in cryostat-cut sections of lymphoid organs, we have previously shown that treatment of PN sections with two different sialidases inactivates HEV-adhesive ligands, whereas treatment of PP tissue sections has no effect on HEV-adhesive function. We now report that in vivo exposure of HEV to sialidase (after i.v. injection of the enzyme) also selectively prevents subsequent in vitro attachment of lymphocytes to PN HEV but not to PP HEV. Consistent with this organ-selective impairment of HEV-adhesive function by sialidase, i.v. injection of the enzyme is shown to prevent short term lymphocyte accumulation within peripheral lymph nodes while having no significant effect on accumulation in PP, blood, or nonlymphoid organs. Histologic examination with the sialic acid-specific lectin from Limax flavus verified that i.v. injected sialidase effectively removes stainable sialic acid moieties from HEV in both PN and PP. This study confirms that sialic acid is required for the adhesive function of PN HEV-ligands. A role for sialic acid as either a recognition determinant or as a regulatory molecule can be envisioned. In view of the fact that many pathogens release sialidase and cause substantially elevated serum levels of this enzyme, the present observations may have pathophysiologic significance. One mechanism by which such pathogens may avoid destruction is to inactivate susceptible HEV-ligands and disrupt the entry of lymphocytes into lymphoid organs where immune responses against the pathogens would normally be initiated.
'I wanna tell you a story': Exploring the application of vignettes in qualitative research with children and young people

Few methodological papers exist which examine the use of vignettes within qualitative research and more specifically, with children and young people. The paper will briefly discuss the application of vignettes within quantitative and qualitative research traditions derived from the available literature before outlining the major theoretical and methodological issues relating to the use of this technique in social research. Using empirical examples of young people's responses to a selected vignette, we then go on to explore the various benefits of vignettes that can ensue when employing this technique in isolation or as part of a multi-method approach. This discussion concludes with an exploration of how vignettes can be harnessed to engage young people, particularly in the discussion of sensitive topics, whilst enabling them to retain a high level of control over the research process.
The effects of job stressors on marital satisfaction in Finnish dual-earner couples

The focus on the present study was to test a mediational model appropriate for explaining the effects of psychosocial job stressors, i.e., job insecurity, job autonomy, time pressures at work, leadership relations and work–family conflict, on marital satisfaction via job exhaustion and psychosomatic health. The study was carried out among 215 married or cohabiting dual-earner couples. The proposed model was tested through structural equation analysis (LISREL). The results indicated that the job stressors, except for job autonomy, spilled over into marital satisfaction via job exhaustion and psychosomatic health for both men and women. However, no empirical support was found for the crossover of job stressors between partners, signifying that job stressors experienced by one partner did not influence the marital well-being of the other. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysing the Organizational Culture of Universities: Two Models

This article presents the findings of two research projects, examining organizational culture by means of two different models of analysis – one at university level and one at department level – which were carried out over the last four years at Catalonian public universities (Spain). Theoretical and methodological approaches for the two investigations are also considered with remarks both on positive and negative aspects of each work. The authors eventually point to the two different research methodologies that identify common and divergent features in the two contexts, and to the results of this analysis that could be used as a methodological tool for future research on organizational culture in educational contexts.