Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preparing for Culturally Responsive Teaching

In this article, a case is made for improving the school success of ethnically diverse students through culturally responsive teaching and for preparing teachers in preservice education programs with the knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed to do this. The ideas presented here are brief sketches of more thorough explanations included in my recent book, Culturally Responsive Teaching: Theory, Research, and Practice (2000). The specific components of this approach to teaching are based on research findings, theoretical claims, practical experiences, and personal stories of educators researching and working with underachieving African, Asian, Latino, and Native American students. These data were produced by individuals from a wide variety of disciplinary backgrounds including anthropology, sociology, psychology, sociolinguistics, communications, multicultural education, K-college classroom teaching, and teacher education. Five essential elements of culturally responsive teaching are examined: developing a knowledge base about cultural diversity, including ethnic and cultural diversity content in the curriculum, demonstrating caring and building learning communities, communicating with ethnically diverse students, and responding to ethnic diversity in the delivery of instruction. Culturally responsive teaching is defined as using the cultural characteristics, experiences, and perspectives of ethnically diverse students as conduits for teaching them more effectively. It is based on the assumption that when academic knowledge and skills are situated within the lived experiences and frames of reference of students, they are more personally meaningful, have higher interest appeal, and are learned more easily and thoroughly (Gay, 2000). As a result, the academic achievement of ethnically diverse students will improve when they are taught through their own cultural and experiential filters (Au & Kawakami, 1994; Foster, 1995; Gay, 2000; Hollins, 1996; Kleinfeld, 1975; Ladson-Billings, 1994, 1995).
Turbo decoding for PR4: parallel versus serial concatenation

Recent work on the application of turbo decoding techniques to partial response class 4 (PR4) channels has focused on parallel concatenation systems that require three a posteriori (APP) detectors. A simplified serial concatenation system is presented that uses as its outer code a single convolutional code and as its inner code the partial response channel. An extension of this serial concatenation system is also presented that combines a second code with the channel, forming a more powerful inner code. Both proposed systems require only two APP detectors, offering significant savings in complexity and computation time. These serial concatenation systems are shown to perform as well as the more complicated parallel concatenation systems, offering substantial gains over uncoded systems. Additionally, the effect of precoding is investigated. Simulation results comparing the parallel and serial concatenation systems are also presented.
The relationship between school-work-family-conflict, subjective stress, and burnout

Purpose – School has been neglected as a source of stress and strain resulting from its inevitable conflict with work and family role demands among married, working students. The meager research available has examined only work-school (not school-work) conflict among adolescents and college students and only three studies (two unpublished) have developed measures of conflict involving work, family, and school without studying its antecedents and consequences. The purpose of this paper is to examine all six school-work-family interrole conflicts and their effects on subjective stress and burnout. It was hypothesized that the greater the conflict between family, work, and school roles, the greater the subjective stress and burnout and that women experience more work-family-school conflicts than do men. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 100 working married adult students completed self-report demographic questionnaire, school-work-family conflict, subjective stress, and burnout scales. Findings – Regre.
Diagnosing the stratosphere-to-troposphere flux of ozone in a chemistry transport model

[1] Events involving stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) of ozone, such as tropopause folds and westerly ducts, are readily identified in observations and models, but a quantitative flux specifying where and when stratospheric ozone is mixed into the troposphere is not readily discerned from either. This work presents a new diagnostic based on determining when stratospheric air is mixed and diluted down to tropospheric abundances (<100 ppb) and hence effectively participates in tropospheric chemistry. The method is applied to two years of high-resolution, global meteorological fields (1.9 degrees, 40 levels) from the ECMWF forecast model derived by U. Oslo for chemistry transport modeling and used in TRACE-P studies. The UCI CTM is run here with linearized stratospheric ozone chemistry (Linoz) and a parameterized tropospheric sink. In terms of events, the CTM accurately follows a March 2001 westerly duct stratospheric intrusion into the tropical eastern Pacific as observed by TOMS and calculates a 48-hour burst of STE O3 flux for that region. The influx associated with the event (0.3 Tg) is much less than the anomalous amount seen as an isolated island in column ozone (1.7 Tg). A climatology of monthly mean STE fluxes is similar for both years (January to December 1997 and May 2000 to April 2001), but the warm phase of ENSO December 1997 is distinctly different from the cold phase of ENSO month December 2000. Global ozone fluxes are about 515 Tg (year 1997) and 550 Tg (year 2000/2001) with an equal amount into each hemisphere, and larger springtime fluxes for both hemispheres. In terms of geographical distribution, Northern Hemisphere regions of high ozone flux follow the jet streams over the oceans in the winter and over the continents in the summer, in agreement with many previous studies. In contrast, we find the largest STE flux is located in the subtropics during late spring, particularly over the Tibetan Plateau in May. This hot spot of STE is not a numerical artifact, it occurs in both meteorological years, and it appears to be caused by the rapid erosion of the tropopause. Ozone fluxes in the Southern Hemisphere have less variability (either temporal or spatial), and they occur mainly in the subtropical region (25°S–35°S) regardless of season. The poles, throughout the year, show minimal STE O3 flux.
Applying viscoelastic contact modeling to grasping task: An experimental case study

In this paper, we employ Fungpsilas viscoelastic model discussed by Tiezzi and Kao to study the experimental data presented by Sakamoto et al. for grasping viscoelastic objects using a parallel-jaw gripper. The viscoelastic contact modeling presented in this paper is characterized by two separate responses: elastic response and temporal response. Two main and intriguing results were found in the modeling and analysis of experimental data. The first is the consistency on the normalized coefficients for the curve fitting of the temporal response during the relaxation period of the grasping. Such consistency suggests that the proposed model is applicable to the grasping task at hand. The other result is the generic pattern of the elastic response deduced from the experimental data. The pattern of elastic response represents different physical significance of grasping which involves viscoelastic contact interface.
A cross-cultural comparison of english and Japanese linguistic assumptions influencing pupils' learning of science

Abstract nouns are essential for scientific thought. Because the Japanese language has never contained abstract nouns in contrast to languages in the West, and because people tend to see the world in terms of the language they use, Japanese science pupils likely develop different science concepts from their counterparts in Western countries. As a natural consequence of language-laden cognition, this article proposes a theoretical framework linguistic mode of science education to remind science educators of varying worldviews in language-culture units. The framework serves science educators in accomplishing equitable treatment of the Japanese culture where people have a different worldview from the Western scientific one, and may be applicable to all non-Western countries, with appropriate linguistic interpretation. The article also describes linguistic features of Standard Average European languages used in developing scientific thoughts. These fundamental features, contrasted with different features of the Japanese language, lead to the proposed framework linguistic mode of science education. Awareness by science educators of linguistic conceptual incommensurabilities is the first step toward overcoming them. Identifying science education with foreign language education is the second step.
Meeting the substance abuse treatment needs of lesbian, bisexual and transgender women: implications from research to practice

Research on the incidence, etiology and substance abuse treatment needs of lesbian, bisexual and transgender (LBT) women is limited. Most research indicates higher levels of alcohol and drug abuse among these populations compared to their heterosexual counterparts, with recent research indicating that substance abuse is a particular concern for transgender individuals and an increasing problem among younger LBT individuals. Risk factors and reasons for substance abuse among sexual minority women are similar to those of heterosexual women, yet are substantially complicated by issues of family rejection and lack of social support, stigma and minority stress, as well as abuse and harassment. Historically, substance abuse prevention, early intervention, and clinical treatment programs were designed to meet the needs of the sexual majority population with relatively few programs designed to incorporate the specific needs of sexual minorities. This article reviews findings from previous studies and utilizes new data collected from community-based and residential substance abuse treatment programs to (1) examine issues relevant to LBT women and substance use, and (2) make recommendations for tailoring substance abuse treatment programs to meet the needs of these populations.
Emotional intelligence and the Occupational Personality Questionnaire (OPQ)

This study explores the relationship between the Bar-on EQ-I and the Occupational Personality Questionnaire OPQ32i to determine if there is a link between self- and other-reported Emotional Intelligence and personality traits. Data was obtained from 329 managers working in the IT and Finance sectors and included multi-source (360°) measures of Emotional Intelligence. Results indicated construct overlap and correlations between some elements of Emotional Intelligence and the OPQ32i with a stronger relationship between 360 measures of Emotional Intelligence and personality. On both the self-report measure of EQ-I and the 360 measure the mood scale showed a strongest link with personality factors. Measures of Emotional Intelligence which include a 360 component may thus provide a more useful indicator of an individual's ability to manage their own feelings and those of others.
Rescue of Holoprosencephaly in Fetal Alcohol-Exposed Cdon Mutant Mice by Reduced Gene Dosage of Ptch1

Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a commonly occurring developmental defect in which midline patterning of the forebrain and midface is disrupted. Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling is required during multiple stages of rostroventral midline development, and heterozygous mutations in SHH pathway components are associated with HPE. However, clinical presentation of HPE is highly variable, and carriers of heterozygous mutations often lack apparent defects. It is therefore thought that such mutations must interact with more common modifiers, genetic and/or environmental. We have modeled this scenario in mice. Cdon mutant mice have a largely subthreshold defect in SHH signaling, rendering them sensitive to a wide spectrum of HPE phenotypes by additional hits that are themselves insufficient to produce HPE, including transient in utero exposure to ethanol. These variable HPE phenotypes may arise in embryos that fail to reach a threshold level of SHH signaling at a specific developmental stage. To provide evidence for this possibility, here we tested the effect of removing one copy of the negative regulator Ptch1 from Cdon−/− embryos and compared their response to ethanol with that of Cdon−/−;Ptch1+/+ embryos. Ptch1 heterozygosity decreased the penetrance of HPE in this system by >75%. The major effect of reduced Ptch1 gene dosage was on penetrance, as those Cdon−/−;Ptch1+/− embryos that displayed HPE did not show major differences in phenotype from Cdon−/−;Ptch1+/+ embryos with ethanol-induced HPE. Our findings are consistent with the notion that even in an etiologically complex model of HPE, the level of SHH pathway activity is rate-limiting. Furthermore, the clinical outcome of an individual carrying a SHH pathway mutation will likely reflect the sum effect of both deleterious and protective modifier alleles and their interaction with non-genetic risk factors like fetal alcohol exposure.
CHAPTER-3 Final

In the industrialized world, only 10% of the raw ma terials convert into the final products and the remaining 90% ends up a wast e, sometimes effluents from which toxic heavy metals such as nickel, copper, le ad, zinc, iron, mercury, chromium, tin or cadmium are released as pollutants into the environment [1]. The oxides and salts of metal from the atmosphere are w shed down to the surface of the earth by rain. Many rivers, streams or lakes are co ntaminated with the hazardous heavy metals like lead or nickel. This metal contam ination can come from the mine tailings or industrial wastewater runoff.
Rescue robots at earthquake-hit Mirandola, Italy: A field report

In May 2012, two major earthquakes occurred in the Emilia-Romagna region, Northern Italy, followed by further aftershocks and earthquakes in June 2012. This sequence of earthquakes and shocks caused multiple casualties, and widespread damage to numerous historical buildings in the region. The Italian National Fire Corps deployed disaster response and recovery of people and buildings. In June 2012, they requested the aid of the EU-funded project NIFTi, to assess damage to historical buildings, and cultural artifacts located therein. To this end, NIFTi deployed a team of humans and robots (UGV, UAV) in the red-area of Mirandola, Emilia-Romagna, from Tuesday July 24 until Friday July 27, 2012. The team worked closely together with the members of the Italian National Fire Corps involved in the red area. This paper describes the deployment, and experience.
The role of exemplar typicality and encoding strategies in category retrieval-induced forgetting

Selective retrieval practice of category exemplars often impairs the recall of related items, a phenomenon known as retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF). In Experiment 1 the role of item typicality (high, low) and presentation format of category exemplars (random, grouped) were analysed, while in Experiment 2 two encoding strategies (inter and intracategory) to modulate RIF were tested. Exemplar typicality was the critical factor underlying RIF. Competition during retrieval practice rendered RIF in the typical exemplars, but RIF did not appear when the exemplars were low typicality. The greater impairment of strong exemplars is in line with the inhibitory account of RIF and the notion of interference dependence. Inhibition appeared with random and grouped presentations suggesting that presentation format of the exemplars is not a critical factor in modulating RIF in a category-cued recall task. Distinctive processing instructions using sentences that connected items from different categories (intercategory strategy) and integration instructions by using size to organise the exemplars within categories (intracategory strategy) easily avoided competition and the need of inhibition processes in recall.
Photometric study of the IC 65 group of galaxies

Context. A large fraction of stellar mass is found to be located in groups the size of the Local Group. The evolutionary status of poor groups is not yet clear and many groups could still be at an early dynamical stage or even still forming, especially the groups only containing spiral and irregular galaxies. Aims. We carried out a photometric study of a poor group of late-type galaxies around IC 65 (a) to search for new dwarf members and to measure their photometric characteristics, (b) to search for possible effects of mutual interactions on the morphology and star-formation characteristics of luminous and faint group members, and (c) to evaluate the evolutionary status of this particular group. Methods. We made use of our BRI CCD observations, DPOSS blue and red frames, and the 2MASS JHK frames. In addition, we used the $\ion{H}{i}$ imaging data, the far-infrared, and radio data from the literature. A search for dwarf galaxies was made using the SExtractor software. Detailed surface photometry was performed with the MIDAS package. Results. Four LSB galaxies were classified as probable dwarf members of the group and the BRI physical and model parameters were derived for the first time for all true and probable group members. Newly-found dIrr galaxies around the IC 65 contain a number of $\ion{H}{ii}$ regions, which show a range of ages and propagating star-formation. Mildly disturbed gaseous and/or stellar morphology is found in several group members. Conclusions. Various structural, dynamical, and star-forming characteristics lead us to conclude that the IC 65 group is a typical poor assembly of late-type galaxies at an early stage of its dynamical evolution with some evidence of intragroup (tidal) interactions.
Osteoradionecrosis contains a wide variety of cultivable and non-cultivable bacteria

Abstract Background: Direct microscopy, 1 1The chief editor, Ingar Olsen, has had no part in the review and decision process of this paper.anaerobic culture and DNA–DNA hybridization have previously demonstrated an association between microorganisms and osteoradionecrosis (ORN). The purpose of our study was to use culture independent molecular techniques to detect bacteria in necrotic bone lesions of the mandible after radiation therapy. Design: Bacterial DNA was extracted from eight deep medullar specimens from resected mandibles (six cases), including one patient with relapse. 16S rRNA genes were PCR amplified, cloned, transformed into Escherichia coli and sequenced to determine species identity and closest relatives. Results: From the analysis of 438 clones, 59 predominant species were detected, 27% of which have not been cultivated. The predominant species detected from radionecrotic mandibles were Campylobacter gracilis, Streptococcus intermedius, Peptostreptococcus sp. oral clone FG014, uncultured bacterium clone RL178, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella spp. The study demonstrated intersubject variability of the bacteria present in ORN. In contrast to the diverse bacterial profile detected in primary infection, only a few members of the oral indigenous flora were identified from the relapse case. Conclusions: Diverse bacterial profiles in specimens of ORN in marrow spaces of the mandible were detected by culture independent molecular techniques. To better understand the pathogenesis and to improve the therapy of the infection, detection of all members of the complex bacterial flora associated with ORN is necessary.
Supplementary Material for : Spin excitations in a single La 2 CuO 4 layer

The films were synthesized using a unique atomic layer-by-layer molecular-beam epitaxy (ALL-MBE) system at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) [1]. The system features sixteen elemental metal sources (thermal effusion Knudsen cells). The source rates were calibrated using a quartz crystal oscillator and measured in real-time using a custom-built 16channel atomic absorption spectroscopy system [2]. Each source is provided with a computercontrolled pneumatic shutter; the updated rates are used to calculate the shuttering times that correspond to the desired sequence of atomic monolayers. To double-check the absolute deposition rates the film thickness was measured after growth using x-ray reflectivity. The seventeenth source is a custom-built ozone distiller system which supplies pure ozone gas. Since its oxidation power is much higher than that of O2, ozone can fully oxidize copper even at very low partial pressure (p = 10−6 to 10−5 Torr, depending on the temperature). This allows synthesis of high-quality cuprate films under high vacuum conditions, which in turn enables one to use surface-science tools such as reflection high-energy-electron diffraction (RHEED) and time-of-flight ion-scattering and recoil spectroscopy, both of which are implemented in the BNL MBE system. These tools provide information about the surface crystalline structure and chemical composition, in-situ and during the film growth, which facilitates further fine-tuning of the film stoichiometry and morphology [1]. Using the ALL-MBE technique and the above suite of analytical tools, we reproducibly fabricate single-crystal films of cuprate superconductors and other complex oxides, with atomically smooth surfaces and interfaces. We have also synthesized a large variety of precise heterostructures, multilayers and superlattices. Many of these contain layers that are just one unit cell (1 UC) thick; indeed, we have demonstrated the capability to fabricate Spin excitations in a single La2CuO4 layer SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NMAT3409
Extrasynaptic Glutamate Diffusion in the Hippocampus: Ultrastructural Constraints, Uptake, and Receptor Activation

Fast excitatory synapses are generally thought to act as private communication channels between presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. Some recent findings, however, suggest that glutamate may diffuse out of the synaptic cleft and bind to several subtypes of receptors, either in the perisynaptic membrane or at neighboring synapses. It is not known whether activation of these receptors can occur in response to the release of a single vesicle of glutamate. Here we estimate the spatiotemporal profile of glutamate in the extrasynaptic space after vesicle exocytosis, guided by detailed ultrastructural measurements of the CA1 neuropil in the adult rat. We argue that the vicinity of the synapse can be treated as an isotropic porous medium, in which diffusion is determined by the extracellular volume fraction and the tortuosity factor, and develop novel stereological methods to estimate these parameters. We also estimate the spatial separation between synapses, to ask whether glutamate released at one synapse can activate NMDA and other high-affinity receptors at a neighboring synapse. Kinetic simulations of extrasynaptic glutamate uptake show that transporters rapidly reduce the free concentration of transmitter. Exocytosis of a single vesicle is, however, sufficient to bind to high-affinity receptors situated in the immediate perisynaptic space. The distance separating a typical synapse from its nearest neighbor is ∼465 nm. Whether glutamate can reach a sufficient concentration to activate NMDA receptors at this distance depends critically on the diffusion coefficient in the extracellular space. If diffusion is much slower than in free aqueous solution, NMDA receptors could mediate crosstalk between neighboring synapses.