Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Altered neuronal excitability underlies impaired hippocampal function in an animal model of psychosis

Psychosis is accompanied by severe attentional deficits, and impairments in associational-memory processing and sensory information processing that are ascribed to dysfunctions in prefrontal and hippocampal function. Disruptions of glutamatergic signaling may underlie these alterations: Antagonism of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) results in similar molecular, cellular, cognitive and behavioral changes in rodents and/or humans as those that occur in psychosis, raising the question as to whether changes in glutamatergic transmission may be intrinsic to the pathophysiology of the disease. In an animal model of psychosis that comprises treatment with the irreversible NMDAR-antagonist, MK801, we explored the cellular mechanisms that may underlie hippocampal dysfunction in psychosis. MK801-treatment resulted in a profound loss of hippocampal LTP that was evident 4 weeks after treatment. Whereas neuronal expression of the immediate early gene, Arc, was enhanced in the hippocampus by spatial learning in controls, MK801-treated animals failed to show activity-dependent increases in Arc expression. By contrast, a significant increase in basal Arc expression in the absence of learning was evident compared to controls. Paired-pulse (PP) facilitation was increased at the 40 ms interval indicating that NMDAR and/or fast GABAergic-mediated neurotransmission was disrupted. In line with this, MK801-treatment resulted in a significant decrease in GABA(A), and increase in GABA(B)-receptor-expression in PFC, along with a significant increase of GABA(B)- and NMDAR-GluN2B expression in the dentate gyrus. NMDAR-GluN1 or GluN2A subunit expression was unchanged. These data suggest that in psychosis, deficits in hippocampus-dependent memory may be caused by a loss of hippocampal LTP that arises through enhanced hippocampal neuronal excitability, altered GluN2B and GABA receptor expression and an uncoupling of the hippocampus-prefrontal cortex circuitry.
The Role of Demand in the Adjustment of Employment to Trade

This article offers a new empirical explanation to the smooth adjustment of employment to openness at the industry level, observed in recent years in developing countries and some of the developed countries. In fact, we challenge the view through which trade is related to employment via a sole substitution effect. Using an oligopoly setting in international segmented markets, we show that each of both imports and exports, carry out an additional demand effect that is always positive on labor demand in a typical industry. We demonstrate that imports can be introduced into two alternative theoretical equations of labour demand that are easily testable and capable to discriminate between a (negative) substitution effect and a (positive) effect of demand. Empirical results seem to be robust to the existence of that 'double' effect for most of the industries in the OECD and developing countries.
Archaeogenomic analysis of the first steps of Neolithization in Anatolia and the Aegean

The Neolithic transition in west Eurasia occurred in two main steps: the gradual development of sedentism and plant cultivation in the Near East and the subsequent spread of Neolithic cultures into the Aegean and across Europe after 7000 cal BCE. Here, we use published ancient genomes to investigate gene flow events in west Eurasia during the Neolithic transition. We confirm that the Early Neolithic central Anatolians in the ninth millennium BCE were probably descendants of local hunter–gatherers, rather than immigrants from the Levant or Iran. We further study the emergence of post-7000 cal BCE north Aegean Neolithic communities. Although Aegean farmers have frequently been assumed to be colonists originating from either central Anatolia or from the Levant, our findings raise alternative possibilities: north Aegean Neolithic populations may have been the product of multiple westward migrations, including south Anatolian emigrants, or they may have been descendants of local Aegean Mesolithic groups who adopted farming. These scenarios are consistent with the diversity of material cultures among Aegean Neolithic communities and the inheritance of local forager know-how. The demographic and cultural dynamics behind the earliest spread of Neolithic culture in the Aegean could therefore be distinct from the subsequent Neolithization of mainland Europe.
A Meta-analysis of Pretest Sensitization Effects in Experimental Design

A meta-analysis of outcomes from 32 studies investigating pretest effects was conducted. All outcomes were computed as standardized differences between pretested and nonpretested groups. Eleven other variables were coded for each outcome. Initial descriptive statistics were indicative of differences between randomized and nonrandomized studies, so all further analyses were based on randomized group outcomes (n = 134). For all outcomes the average effect size was +. 22, indicating the general elevating effect of pretest on posttest. Cognitive outcomes were raised . 43, attitude outcomes . 29, personality . 48, and others about . 00 standard deviations. Sixty-four percent of all effects were positive, and 81 percent of the cognitive effects were positive. Duration of time between pre- and posttesting was related to effect size, with effect size generally being small for durations less than a day or over 1 month. Year of publication, sample size, presence of experimental treatment, and sameness or difference of pretest and posttest were not significantly related to effect size. Researchers must continue to include pretest as a design variable when it is present, and to estimate its effect.
The Lsktm1 Locus Modulates Lung and Skin Tumorigenesis in the Mouse

Alleles derived from skin tumor−resistant Car-R mice provide resistance to both skin and lung tumorigenesis over the susceptibility of the SWR/J strain. In an effort to map tumor modifier loci affecting both tumor types, we carried out a genetic linkage analysis in backcross SWR/J x (SWR/J x Car-R) mice and identified a locus (Lsktm1) on chromosome 1 linked to both skin (LOD score = 3.93) and lung (LOD score = 8.74) tumorigenesis. Two genes, Igfbp5 and Igfbp2, residing in this locus and belonging to the insulin-like growth factor binding protein family were expressed at significantly greater levels in normal lung tissue from cancer-resistant Car-R mice than in cancer-susceptible SWR/J mice. Overexpression of the recombinant Igfbp5 and Igfbp2 genes in two lung cancer cell lines significantly inhibited clonogenicity (P < 0.0001). Collectively, we have identified a single polymorphic locus that affects skin and lung tumorigenesis and identify Igfbp5 and Igfbp2 as candidate modifier genes of lung tumorigenesis.
Inter-regional mating compatibility among Bactrocera dorsalis populations in Thailand (Diptera,Tephritidae)

Abstract Mating compatibility among recently colonized (wildish) populations of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) from different geographic origins in Thailand was assessed through inter-regional mating tests. Outdoor octagonal nylon screen field cages containing single potted mango trees (Mangifera indica L.) were used. Sexual compatibility was determined using the index of sexual isolation (ISI), the male relative performance index (MRPI), and the female relative performance index (FRPI). The ISI values indicated that the northern population of Bactrocera dorsalis from Chiang Mai province was sexually compatible with the southern population of Bactrocera dorsalis (previously Bactrocera papayae) from Nakhon Si Thammarat province. The MRPI values showed that the northern males had a slightly higher tendency to mate than southern males, while the FRPI data reflected that females of both origins participated equally in matings. In all combinations there were no differences between homotypic and heterotypic couples in mating latency. Southern males tended to mate first with southern females, followed by northern males mating with northern females, while the latest matings involved heterotypic couples, in particular northern males mating with southern females. Overall, more couples were collected from higher parts of the field cage and the upper tree canopy, while there were no differences between the origins of flies in terms of elevation of couples within the cage. Laboratory assessments of fecundity showed no differences in the average number of eggs resulting from inter-regional crosses. Development of immature stages was also equal in the two hybrid crosses, with no differences found in the number of pupae produced, percentage pupal recovery, and percent adult emergence. The practical implication of this study is that colony of Bactrocera dorsalis derived from any northern or southern region of Thailand can potentially be used in sterile insect technique programs against this pest.
Association of interleukin‐18 polymorphisms and plasma level with the outcome of chronic HCV infection

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the main cause of chronic liver disease throughout the world, and may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Immunological factors, especially cytokines and some host genetic variations, rather than direct HCV action, seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of HCV infection. Elevated levels of interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) were described previously for chronically (HCV)‐infected patients. This study is aimed at investigating IL‐18 promoter polymorphisms (−607C/A and −137G/C) in HCV‐infected patients with different disease severities (chronic hepatitis C, liver cirrhosis and HCC) and establishing an association between these polymorphisms and IL‐18 plasma concentration with the outcome of chronic HCV infection. The carriage of at least one C allele at position −607 (CC + CA) was associated with a higher risk of cirrhosis and HCC (P = 0.032). Compared with controls, HCV‐infected patients had significantly higher levels of IL‐18 (P = 0.0001) that correlate with disease severity (P = 0.01, P = 0.001, P = 0.0006, respectively). In conclusion, we supposed a possible implication of IL‐18 promoter polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of chronic HCV infection. J. Med. Virol. 80:607–614, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The crystal structure of bacteriophage GA and a comparison of bacteriophages belonging to the major groups of Escherichia coli leviviruses.

The three-dimensional structure of the small T=3 RNA bacteriophage GA has been determined at 3.4 A resolution. The structure was solved by molecular replacement, using the phage MS2 as an initial model. A comparison of the protein shells of the four related phages GA, MS2, fr and Qbeta was carried out in order to define structural features of particular importance for their assembly and specific RNA interaction. A high degree of similarity was found in the RNA binding sites, whereas larger structural differences are located in the loop regions of the coat proteins, especially in the FG loops forming 5-fold and quasi-6-fold contacts. The overall arrangement of the protein subunits in the shells of these phages is very similar, although the details of the interactions differ. The few conserved interactions are suggested to govern the subunit packing during assembly.
Pathway Linking Patient-Centered Communication to Emotional Well-Being: Taking into Account Patient Satisfaction and Emotion Management

In the United States, levels of emotional well-being remain low, with 40% of American adults reporting the experience of daily stress and excessive anxiety. The doctor–patient communication during medical encounters may play a significant role in improving people’s emotional well-being. Based on Street and his colleagues’ (2009) pathway mediation model linking communication to health outcomes, this paper illustrates a mechanism that underlies how patient-centered communication improves emotional well-being. The results showed that patient-centered communication had direct effects on emotional well-being. In addition to the direct effects, patient-centered communication also indirectly influenced emotional well-being, mediated by patient satisfaction and emotion management, supporting the partial mediation. The findings provide additional empirical evidence to the pathways from communication to health outcomes, one of the least developed areas of communication research, and also offer significant implications for the design of interventions to improve patients’ emotional well-being.
High-Level Expression of Wild-Type p53 in Melanoma Cells is Frequently Associated with Inactivity in p53 Reporter Gene Assays

Background Inactivation of the p53 pathway that controls cell cycle progression, apoptosis and senescence, has been proposed to occur in virtually all human tumors and p53 is the protein most frequently mutated in human cancer. However, the mutational status of p53 in melanoma is still controversial; to clarify this notion we analysed the largest series of melanoma samples reported to date. Methodology/Principal Findings Immunohistochemical analysis of more than 180 melanoma specimens demonstrated that high levels of p53 are expressed in the vast majority of cases. Subsequent sequencing of the p53 exons 5–8, however, revealed only in one case the presence of a mutation. Nevertheless, by means of two different p53 reporter constructs we demonstrate transcriptional inactivity of wild type p53 in 6 out of 10 melanoma cell lines; the 4 other p53 wild type melanoma cell lines exhibit p53 reporter gene activity, which can be blocked by shRNA knock down of p53. Conclusions/Significance In melanomas expressing high levels of wild type p53 this tumor suppressor is frequently inactivated at transcriptional level.
A New Theory of Deadlock-Free Adaptive Routing in Wormhole Networks

The theoretical background for the design of deadlock-free adaptive routing algorithms for wormhole networks is developed. The author proposes some basic definitions and two theorems. These create the conditions to verify that an adaptive algorithm is deadlock-free, even when there are cycles in the channel dependency graph. Two design methodologies are also proposed. The first supplies algorithms with a high degree of freedom, without increasing the number of physical channels. The second methodology is intended for the design of fault-tolerant algorithms. Some examples are given to show the application of the methodologies. Simulations show the performance improvement that can be achieved by designing the routing algorithms with the new theory. >
Note on the drawing power of crowds of different size.

This study reports on the relationship between the size of a stimulus crowd, standing on a busy city street looking up at a building, and the response of passersby. As the size of the stimulus crowd was increased a greater proportion of passersby adopted the behavior of the crowd. The results of this study suggest a modification of the Coleman and James model of the size of freeforming groups to include a contagion assumption. Ill a typical urban setting, when a group of people engage in an action simultaneously, they have the capacity to draw others into the crowd. The actions of the initial group may serve as a stimulus for others to imitate this action. A careful analysis of the details of crowd formation is of obvious interest to a society in which collective action plays an increasingly important part in social life. One theoretical formulation that bears on this problem is that of Coleman and James (1961). Coleman and James assumed that there is a "natural process" by which free-forming groups acquire and lose members and thus reach specific maximum sizes. They have developed a model that generates a size distribution that closely approximates the actually observed size distribution of many thousands of groups. The central assumption of their model of acquisition and loss are "a constant tendency of a group member to break away, independent of the group, thus producing a
Compression of inverted indexes For fast query evaluation

Compression reduces both the size of indexes and the time needed to evaluate queries. In this paper, we revisit the compression of inverted lists of document postings that store the position and frequency of indexed terms, considering two approaches to improving retrieval efficiency: better implementation and better choice of integer compression schemes. First, we propose several simple optimisations to well-known integer compression schemes, and show experimentally that these lead to significant reductions in time. Second, we explore the impact of choice of compression scheme on retrieval efficiency.In experiments on large collections of data, we show two surprising results: use of simple byte-aligned codes halves the query evaluation time compared to the most compact Golomb-Rice bitwise compression schemes; and, even when an index fits entirely in memory, byte-aligned codes result in faster query evaluation than does an uncompressed index, emphasising that the cost of transferring data from memory to the CPU cache is less for an appropriately compressed index than for an uncompressed index. Moreover, byte-aligned schemes have only a modest space overhead: the most compact schemes result in indexes that are around 10% of the size of the collection, while a byte-aligned scheme is around 13%. We conclude that fast byte-aligned codes should be used to store integers in inverted lists.
The Role of Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to Test Blood and Urine Samples for the Toxicological Investigation of Drug-Facilitated Crimes

The authors present an overview of the drug-facilitated crime (DFC) phenomenon, especially in France. Recently, there has been an increase in reports of incidents (mainly sexual assaults and robbery) as well as in scientific publications and congress presentations on the topic. From enquiries conducted nationally, a list of drugs reportedly associated with DFC was established and includes benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-like drugs (zolpidem, zopiclone), minor tranquilizers and neuroleptics, barbiturates, narcotics, hallucinogens, and anaesthetics. Some of these molecules are specific to France in DFC cases. A study using healthy volunteers who had taken benzodiazepines (lorazepam, bromazepam, flunitrazepam, clonazepam), zolpidem and zopiclone, showed that the only way to increase the duration of detection of these drugs is to use liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to test blood and urine samples. The very high sensitivity of this method appears to be an essential condition to document the cases, because the drugs tested were still detectable in urine at least 6 days after the ingestion of one therapeutic dose. Limits of detection were always lower than 0.5 ng/mL in urine. The actual list of molecules and metabolites the authors screened for in urine and blood by LC-MS/MS, in every DFC, is given in detail: 25 benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-like drugs, 11 minor tranquilizers and neuroleptics, 2 barbiturates, 12 narcotics, 4 hallucinogens, and 1 anaesthetic. However, the distinction between continual therapeutic use of a psychotropic drug or illegal narcotic and a single ingestion has to be documented by sequential analysis of hair, again with LC-MS/MS.
Development of the Maternal-fetal Relationship in Women Who Use Substances: Understanding the Influence of Intersecting Variables on Maternal-fetal Attachment and Health Behaviours

Healthy maternal–infant attachment is the foundation on which a child’s physical, cognitive, psychological, and emotional development rests. This relationship between the dyad does not begin at birth but rather prior to conception or any time throughout pregnancy. Our understanding of how this relationship develops between a mother and her fetus remains largely intangible for researchers and clinicians alike as it is a highly complex process with many variables influencing the evolving bond. Situated within a poststructural critical feminist framework, the purpose of this qualitative study using a grounded theory approach was to gain a better understanding of how women who use substances during pregnancy experience the process of a developing relationship with their fetuses, and to identify intersecting variables that may influence their health behaviours. Five main categories emerged including choosing the mothering path, balancing the risks, needing safe passage, breaking the cycle, and mothering against all odds. All of the women in the study described feeling an increase in maternal–fetal attachment as the pregnancy progressed and demonstrated efforts to reduce substance use, engage with the health care system, and improve dietary choices to limit negative consequences for their developing fetuses. Barriers to changing health behaviours were identified by the participants as well as by health care providers working with this population. In gaining a deeper understanding of the variables that influence maternal–fetal attachment in women who use substances and development of a substantive theory, nursing practice may be informed by providing direction around how best to support harm reduction approaches in this population.
Organizational culture and personality type: relationship with person-organization fit and turnover intention

In the past two decades, researchers have implied organizational success was contingent on the compatibility between employees and organizations, known as person-organization (PO) fit. The lack of congruence between employees and their organizations may result in employee turnover. Although the body of literature in the human resources management and organizational development is vast, the hospitality literature demonstrates a need for further research in PO fit and employee turnover intention. The purpose of this research study was to assess several relationships pertaining to hotel organizational culture, employee personality types, PO fit, and turnover intention. Data were collected by using items from Dawson, Abbott and Shoemaker’s (2011) hospitality culture scale, Edward (1991), Cable and Judge (1996) and Piasentin and Chapman (2006) PO fit items, Roodt’s (2004) turnover intention scale and Porter’s (2005) strength deployment inventory. Lastly, demographic characteristic items were included. A response rate of 34% (N = 231) was received on a paper questionnaire sent to hourly and non-hourly employees from 14 upper-upscale hotels located throughout the southern region of California. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s coefficient correlation analysis, regression analysis, independent samples t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to answer five research questions. A correlation was found between hotel organizational culture and employee personality type [r (226) = . 301, p < . 001]. Multiple regression showed hotel organizational culture [t (225) = 15.448, p < . 001] statistically significantly predicted PO Fit [F (1,224) = 238.635, p < . 001]. Regression showed personality type [t (225) = 5.189, p < . 001] statistically significantly predicted PO fit [F (1, 227) = 26.930, p < . 001]. An inverse relationship was found between PO fit and employee turnover intention [r (226) = -. 759, p <