Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chrna2-Martinotti Cells Synchronize Layer 5 Type A Pyramidal Cells via Rebound Excitation

Martinotti cells are the most prominent distal dendrite–targeting interneurons in the cortex, but their role in controlling pyramidal cell (PC) activity is largely unknown. Here, we show that the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α2 subunit (Chrna2) specifically marks layer 5 (L5) Martinotti cells projecting to layer 1. Furthermore, we confirm that Chrna2-expressing Martinotti cells selectively target L5 thick-tufted type A PCs but not thin-tufted type B PCs. Using optogenetic activation and inhibition, we demonstrate how Chrna2-Martinotti cells robustly reset and synchronize type A PCs via slow rhythmic burst activity and rebound excitation. Moreover, using optical feedback inhibition, in which PC spikes controlled the firing of surrounding Chrna2-Martinotti cells, we found that neighboring PC spike trains became synchronized by Martinotti cell inhibition. Together, our results show that L5 Martinotti cells participate in defined cortical circuits and can synchronize PCs in a frequency-dependent manner. These findings suggest that Martinotti cells are pivotal for coordinated PC activity, which is involved in cortical information processing and cognitive control.
ON DIFFERENCE SETS OF SEQUENCES OF INTEGERS

To prove this theorem, we are going to use that version of the Hardy-Littlewood method which has been elaborated by K. F. ROTH in [2] and 131, Theroughout this paper, we use the following notations: We denote the distance of the real number x from the nearest integer by I,sjj, i.e. /jxlj =min (x[xl, [x] + 1 -x}. We write e(a) =e2nia where 01 is real. Li), Ll, . , XJ, Xl, . denote absolute constants. If a, b are real numbers and bz-0, then we define the symbol min a, $ by i 3
Aptidão física de idosos com doença de Parkinson submetidos à intervenção pelo método Pilates

A doenca de Parkinson (DP) e uma doenca neurodegenerativa que provoca deterioracao dos parâmetros fisicos dos idosos, resultando em limitacao funcional e reducao da aptidao fisica. O metodo Pilates e uma modalidade de exercicio fisico que promove beneficios para os idosos, porem, observa-se uma escassez de publicacoes cientificas sobre o impacto da tecnica nos parâmetros da aptidao fisica em idosos com DP. O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar a aptidao fisica de idosos com DP submetidos a intervencao pelo metodo Pilates. Trata-se de um ensaio clinico de braco unico, realizado com quatro idosos acompanhados no ambulatorio de fisioterapia de um centro de geriatria e gerontologia em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Participaram idosos (≥ 60 anos) com diagnostico de DP, em uso regular das medicacoes, que nao houvessem realizado atividade fisica nos dois meses anteriores a intervencao. Foram excluidos idosos com declinio cognitivo, com disfuncoes musculoesqueleticas que comprometessem a realizacao dos exercicios ou com frequencia irregular na intervencao (tres ausencias consecutivas). Os dados coletados foram: situacao clinica e sociodemografica, estado cognitivo, severidade da DP e aptidao fisica. Os idosos participaram de 30 sessoes do metodo Pilates (pre-Pilates, mat Pilates, treino de equilibrio e marcha, exercicios de relaxamento corporal). Apos a intervencao, foram observados valores superiores aos da avaliacao inicial nos parâmetros de forca e resistencia de membros superiores e inferiores, de flexibilidade de membros superiores e inferiores e de mobilidade fisica. Conclui-se que o metodo Pilates pode ser uma ferramenta eficaz no processo de reabilitacao desses idosos parkinsonianos.
Performance losses following threefold volume increases in soccer-specific training and in small-sided games

ABSTRACT Objectives: The present study analyzes the effects of volume increase on physical performances in soccer-specific exercises performed at high intensity. Methods: 12 young professional players performed three types of soccer-specific exercise: one small-sided game (SSG) and two soccer-specific training (SST: repeated sprints and aerobic runs). Each type of exercise was performed twice, at low and high training volume. Acute and delayed sessions’ effects were assessed by changes in exercise heart-rate (HR) and blood lactate, counter-movement jumps (CMJ), speed and distance achieved during a final game performed after the soccer-specific exercises. Results: In SSG, the volume increase enhanced the time spent in the highest HR zone (P=0.027) and blood lactate concentration (P=0.018). Speed and distance achieved in the final game were lower after SSG than after aerobic-SST exercise (P<0.05). The next morning CMJ decreased after SST exercises (P<0.001). Sessions’ HR was correlated with running distance (r=0.65, P=0.006) and the next morning changes in sprint density was correlated with CMJ performance (r=0.56, P=0.01). Conclusion: Acute negative effects of volume increase appeared after SSG while delayed negative effects appeared after SST. The present study focused on short terms exercise-induced effects; more studies remain required for controlling the full range of needed recovery durations.
Computers and other interactive technologies for the home

DESPITE THE RECENT DRAMATIC TRENDS IN THE DIFfusion of information technology, the significance of these developments is still not clear. Also lacking is a critical understanding of these developments and a sound theoretical and empirical base from which to observe and analyze them. Supporting such an analysis, this article raises both empirical and theoretical concerns in an attempt to capture the structure and dynamics of computer adoption and use in the home. Computers and Other Interactive Technologies for the Home A l l a d i V e n k a t e s h
Tarasov, Alexander: Per Capita Income, Market Access Costs, and Trade Volumes

There is strong empirical evidence that countries with lower per capita income tend to have smaller trade volumes even after controlling for aggregate income. Furthermore, poorer countries do not just trade less, but have a lower number of trading partners. In this paper, I construct and estimate a general equilibrium model of trade that captures both these features of the trade data. There are two novelties in the paper. First, I introduce an association between market access costs and countries(cid:146) development levels, which can account for the e⁄ect of per capita income on trade volumes and explain many zeros in bilateral trade (cid:135)ows. Secondly, I develop an estimation procedure, which allows me to estimate both variable and (cid:133)xed costs of trade. I (cid:133)nd that given the estimated parameters, the model performs well in matching the data. In particular, the predicted trade elasticity with respect to income per capita is close to that in the data.
Occupational therapy using a sensory integrative approach: a case study of effectiveness.

OBJECTIVE This article presents a case report of a child with poor sensory processing and describes the disorders impact on the child's occupational behavior and the changes in occupational performance during 10 months of occupational therapy using a sensory integrative approach (OT-SI). METHOD Retrospective chart review of assessment data and analysis of parent interview data are reviewed. Progress toward goals and objectives is measured using goal attainment scaling. Themes from parent interview regarding past and present occupational challenges are presented. RESULTS Notable improvements in occupational performance are noted on goal attainment scales, and these are consistent with improvements in behavior. Parent interview data indicate noteworthy progress in the child's ability to participate in home, school, and family activities. CONCLUSION This case report demonstrates a model for OT-SI. The findings support the theoretical underpinnings of sensory integration theory: that improvement in the ability to process and integrate sensory input will influence adaptive behavior and occupational performance. Although these findings cannot be generalized, they provide preliminary evidence supporting the theory and the effectiveness of this approach.
The classroom and the language learner : ethnography and second Language classroom research

1. The second-language classroom in context 2. The aims of second-language classroom research 3. The methods of classroom research 4. The subject matter of second-language classroom research 5. In and out of turn - interaction in the second-language classroom 6. Topic and activity - the structure of participation 7. The organization of repair in second-language classrooms 8. Connections
A novel direct activator of AMPK inhibits prostate cancer growth by blocking lipogenesis

5′AMP‐activated kinase (AMPK) constitutes a hub for cellular metabolic and growth control, thus representing an ideal therapeutic target for prostate cancers (PCas) characterized by increased lipogenesis and activation of mTORC1 pathway. However, whether AMPK activation itself is sufficient to block cancer cell growth remains to be determined. A small molecule screening was performed and identified MT 63–78, a specific and potent direct AMPK activator. Here, we show that direct activation of AMPK inhibits PCa cell growth in androgen sensitive and castration resistant PCa (CRPC) models, induces mitotic arrest, and apoptosis. In vivo, AMPK activation is sufficient to reduce PCa growth, whereas the allelic loss of its catalytic subunits fosters PCa development. Importantly, despite mTORC1 blockade, the suppression of de novo lipogenesis is the underpinning mechanism responsible for AMPK‐mediated PCa growth inhibition, suggesting AMPK as a therapeutic target especially for lipogenesis‐driven PCas. Finally, we demonstrate that MT 63–78 enhances the growth inhibitory effect of AR signaling inhibitors MDV3100 and abiraterone. This study thus provides a rationale for their combined use in CRPC treatment.
Decline in ICU adverse events, nosocomial infections and cost through a quality improvement initiative focusing on teamwork and culture change

Background: Nosocomial infections occur in approximately 10% of patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Several studies have shown that a quality improvement initiative can reduce nosocomial infections, mortality, and cost. Context: Our hospital is located in Northern Mississippi and has a 28 bed Medical-Surgical ICU unit with 95% occupancy. We joined the ICU collaborative with the IMPACT initiative of the Institute of Healthcare Improvement (IHI) in October 2002. A preliminary prospective before (fiscal year (FY) 2001–2) and after (FY 2003) hypothesis generating study was conducted of outcomes resulting from small tests of change in the management of ICU patients. Key measures for improvement: Nosocomial infection rates, adverse events per ICU day, average length of stay, and average cost per ICU episode. Strategy for change: Four changes were implemented: (1) physician led multidisciplinary rounds; (2) daily “flow” meeting to assess bed availability; (3) “bundles” (sets of evidence based best practices); and (4) culture changes with a focus on the team decision making process. Effects of change: Between baseline and re-measurement periods, nosocomial infection rates declined for ventilator associated pneumonia (from 7.5 to 3.2 per 1000 ventilator days, p = 0.04) and bloodstream infections (from 5.9 to 3.1 per 1000 line days, p = 0.03), with a downward trend in the rate of urinary tract infections (from 3.8 to 2.4 per 1000 catheter days, p = 0.17). There was a strong downward trend in the rates of adverse events in the ICU as well as the average length of stay per episode. From FY 2002 to FY 2003 the cost per ICU episode fell from $3406 to $2973. Lessons learned: A systematic approach through collaboration with IHI’s IMPACT initiative may have contributed to significant improvements in care in the ICU setting. Multidisciplinary teams appeared to improve communication, and bundles provided consistency of evidence based practices. The flow meetings allowed for rapid prioritization of activity and a new decision making culture empowered team members. The impact of these changes needs to be assessed more widely using rigorous study designs.
Effect of Large-Scale Structure on Multiply Imaged Sources

We study the effects of large-scale density fluctuations on strong gravitational lensing. Previous studies have focused mostly on weak lensing, since large-scale structure alone cannot produce multiple images. When a galaxy or cluster acts as a primary lens, however, we find that large-scale structure can produce asymmetric shear of the same order as the lens itself. Indeed, this may explain the origin of the large shear found in lens models in conflict with the small ellipticity of the observed galaxy light distributions. We show that large-scale structure changes the lens equation to the form of a generalized quadrupole lens, which affects lens reconstruction. Large-scale structure also changes the angular diameter distance at a given redshift. The precise value depends on the lens and source redshifts and on the large-scale structure power spectrum, but the induced $1\sigma$ uncertainty in determinations of the Hubble constant from measurements of time delays is of order $5-10 \%$. If observations of lensing can constrain the magnitude of the shear which is due to large-scale structure, it would provide a direct probe of the overall amplitude of mass fluctuations.
Improving patient motivation in game development for motor deficit rehabilitation

It has been stated repeatedly that active participation in rehabilitation programs increases the benefit and effectiveness of therapy. In developing robotic devices for stroke rehabilitation, the existing use of boring task interfaces produces a significant reduction in elderly patient motivation. To combine robot-aided therapy with appealing games, then, is not only a matter of creating entertainment, but a real necessity for motor recovery. Besides emphasizing a lack of attention to elderly patients in conceiving games for post-stroke rehabilitation, this paper launches a challenge to two fields with tremendous collaborative potential. As a precursor to this collaboration, the following research consolidates the gaming scenario criteria for both rehabilitation and elderly entertainment. Conclusions are then formed from the adaptability of existing games to identify the direction of future game development.
Interference leakage minimization for convolutive MIMO interference channels

An alternating optimization algorithm was recently proposed for the K-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) interference channel. For flat-fading channels and feasible problems, this algorithm successfully aligns the interfering signals exploiting the spatial dimensions. In this paper, we consider the case in which all pairwise MIMO channels are frequency-selective (convolutive), and the users transmit broadband signals using a single-carrier scheme. Unlike the flat-fading case, for frequency-selective channels it is necessary to add a spectral mask in the frequency response of the precoders and decoders to avoid trivial solutions. We show in the paper that each step of the alternating minimization algorithm can be reformulated as a convex optimization problem in which the autocorrelation function of the precoders or decoders is obtained. Upon convergence, a final spectral factorization stage must be applied to obtain the precoders and decoders from their autocorrelation functions. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Nociceptive-Evoked Potentials Are Sensitive to Behaviorally Relevant Stimulus Displacements in Egocentric Coordinates

Abstract Feature selection has been extensively studied in the context of goal-directed behavior, where it is heavily driven by top-down factors. A more primitive version of this function is the detection of bottom-up changes in stimulus features in the environment. Indeed, the nervous system is tuned to detect fast-rising, intense stimuli that are likely to reflect threats, such as nociceptive somatosensory stimuli. These stimuli elicit large brain potentials maximal at the scalp vertex. When elicited by nociceptive laser stimuli, these responses are labeled laser-evoked potentials (LEPs). Although it has been shown that changes in stimulus modality and increases in stimulus intensity evoke large LEPs, it has yet to be determined whether stimulus displacements affect the amplitude of the main LEP waves (N1, N2, and P2). Here, in three experiments, we identified a set of rules that the human nervous system obeys to identify changes in the spatial location of a nociceptive stimulus. We showed that the N2 wave is sensitive to: (1) large displacements between consecutive stimuli in egocentric, but not somatotopic coordinates; and (2) displacements that entail a behaviorally relevant change in the stimulus location. These findings indicate that nociceptive-evoked vertex potentials are sensitive to behaviorally relevant changes in the location of a nociceptive stimulus with respect to the body, and that the hand is a particularly behaviorally important site.
Electromagnetic diffraction on a moving half-plane

A problem of electromagnetic (EM) plane wave diffraction on a moving half-plane in a homogeneous and isotropic medium is considered. It is shown, that unlike the stationary case, the shadow boundaries of the incident and reflected wave are not parallel to propagation directions of those waves. Other diffraction phenomena reported earlier for objects with moving edges, are also observed here.
The Subpopulation of CD4+CD25+ Splenocytes That Delays Adoptive Transfer of Diabetes Expresses L-Selectin and High Levels of CCR71

Recently, CD4+CD25+ T cells have been implicated in the control of diabetes, suggesting that the inflamed islets of Langerhans in prediabetic NOD mice are under peripheral immune surveillance. Here we show that CD4+CD25+ splenocytes inhibit diabetes in cotransfer with islet-infiltrating cells. Furthermore, CD62L expression is necessary for this disease-delaying effect of CD4+CD25+ cells in vivo, but not for their suppressor function in vitro. We demonstrate that the CD4+CD25+CD62L+ splenocytes express CCR7 at high levels and migrate toward secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine and ELC (macrophage-inflammatory protein-3β), lymphoid chemokines, whereas CD4+CD25+CD62L− splenocytes preferentially express CCR2, CCR4, and CXCR3 and migrate toward the corresponding inflammatory chemokines. These data demonstrate that CD4+CD25+CD62L+, but not CD4+CD25+CD62L−, splenocytes delay diabetes transfer, and that CD4+CD25+ suppressor T cells are comprised of at least two subpopulations that behave differently in cotransfer in vivo and express distinct chemokine receptor and chemotactic response profiles despite demonstrating equivalent suppressor functions in vitro.
Lidocaine Protects from Myocardial Damage due to Ischemia and Reperfusion in Mice by Its Antiapoptotic Effects

Background:Perioperative myocardial ischemia poses a vital threat to surgical patients. Means to protect postischemic myocardium are clinically not available. Lidocaine has been demonstrated to exert antiinflammatory pleiotropic effects. The authors set out to test if lidocaine protects ischemic myocardium from reperfusion injury. Method:A mouse model of transient coronary artery ligation (30 min) and reperfusion (24 h) was used with animal care committee approval. Infarct size and area-at-risk were determined. Leukocyte recruitment was quantified on immunohistochemical stainings. Apoptosis was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect histone modifications and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assays. Lidocaine effects on leukocyte-endothelial interactions were assessed in vitro by using a parallel-plate flow chamber or static adhesion assays. Results:Infarct size per area-at-risk was reduced by 27% in mice treated with a lidocaine bolus (1 mg/kg) before a continuous infusion (0.6 mg · kg–1 · h–1) during ischemia (P < 0.005). Neutrophil density in the infarct and periinfarct zone was not reduced by lidocaine, although the size of the infiltrated area was. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling–positive cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells were significantly reduced in the periinfarct zone by lidocaine. In vitro, no effect on leukocyte rolling or firm adhesion to resting or activated endothelium was demonstrable. In vitro, lidocaine reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by hypoxia and reoxygenation (3h/1h) significantly. Infarct size and in vitro cardiomyocyte apoptosis were likewise reduced when lidocaine bolus and infusion were administered after the ischemic insult. Conclusion:Lidocaine exerts cardioprotective effects when administered before or after the ischemic insult. This effect is mediated through an antiapoptotic and not through an antiinflammatory pathway and may be therapeutically exploitable.
Non-rotating BTZ black hole area spectrum from quasi-normal modes

In this paper, by using the quasi-normal frequencies for a non-rotating BTZ black hole derived by Cardos and Lemos, also via Bohr–Sommerfeld quantization for an adiabatic invariant, , where E is the energy of system and ω(E) is vibrational frequency, we are led to an equally spaced mass spectrum. The result for the area of the event horizon is which is not equally spaced, in contrast with the area spectrum of a black hole in higher dimension.
Hylomorphic Vortices in Abelian Gauge Theories

We consider an Abelian Gauge Theory in R4 equipped with the Minkowski metric. This theory leads to a system of equations, the Klein-Gordon- Maxwell equations, which provide models for the interaction between the electromagnetic field and matter. We assume that the nonlinear term is such that the energy functional is positive; this fact makes the theory more suitable for physical models. A three dimensional vortex is a finite energy, stationary solution of these equations such that the matter field has nontrivial angular momen- tum and the magnetic field looks like the field created by a finite solenoid. Under suitable assumptions, we prove the existence of three dimensional vortex-solutions.
Parsing and Working Memory in Bilingual Sentence Processing

A growing body of research has investigated bilingual sentence processing. How to account for differences in native (L1) and non-native (L2) processing is controversial. Some explain L1/L2 differences in terms of different parsing mechanisms, and the hypothesis that L2 learners adopt ‘shallow’ parsing has received considerable attention. Others assume L1/L2 processing is similar, and explain L1/L2 differences in terms of capacity-based limitations being exceeded during L2 processing. More generally, the role that working memory plays in language acquisition and processing has garnered increasing interest. Based on research investigating L2 sentence processing, I claim that a primary source of L1/L2 differences lies in the ability to retrieve information constructed during sentence processing from memory. In contrast to describing L1/L2 differences in terms of shallow parsing or capacity limitations, I argue that L2 speakers are more susceptible to retrieval interference when successful comprehension requires access to information from memory.