Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Spectrum Quality Assessment and Iterative Computational Analysis of Shotgun Proteomic Data

In mass spectrometry-based proteomics, frequently hundreds of thousands of MS/MS spectra are collected in a single experiment. Of these, a relatively small fraction is confidently assigned to peptide sequences, whereas the majority of the spectra are not further analyzed. Spectra are not assigned to peptides for diverse reasons. These include deficiencies of the scoring schemes implemented in the database search tools, sequence variations (e.g. single nucleotide polymorphisms) or omissions in the database searched, post-translational or chemical modifications of the peptide analyzed, or the observation of sequences that are not anticipated from the genomic sequence (e.g. splice forms, somatic rearrangement, and processed proteins). To increase the amount of information that can be extracted from proteomic MS/MS datasets we developed a robust method that detects high quality spectra within the fraction of spectra unassigned by conventional sequence database searching and computes a quality score for each spectrum. We also demonstrate that iterative search strategies applied to such detected unassigned high quality spectra significantly increase the number of spectra that can be assigned from datasets and that biologically interesting new insights can be gained from existing data.
Contextual aspects influencing mothers' placement considerations for their children with autism

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Resource Use and Cost of Diagnostic Workup of Women with Suspected Breast Cancer

Abstract: We estimated resource use and costs associated with a diagnostic workup for suspected breast cancer among Medicare beneficiaries. Using Medicare claims data, we found that the average cost of a diagnostic workup for suspected breast cancer—whether it eventuated in a breast cancer diagnosis or not—was $361, and did not vary by presentation (signs/symptoms or screening mammography). In the aggregate, we estimate that Medicare spends approximately $679 million annually on diagnostic workups for women with suspected breast cancer, and that false positive mammograms result in diagnostic costs of approximately $250 million.
Extracellular matrix of dental pulp stem cells: applications in pulp tissue engineering using somatic MSCs

Dental Caries affects approximately 90% of the world's population. At present, the clinical treatment for dental caries is root canal therapy. This treatment results in loss of tooth sensitivity and vitality. Tissue engineering can potentially solve this problem by enabling regeneration of a functional pulp tissue. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been shown to be an excellent source for pulp regeneration. However, limited availability of these cells hinders its potential for clinical translation. We have investigated the possibility of using somatic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from other sources for dental pulp tissue regeneration using a biomimetic dental pulp extracellular matrix (ECM) incorporated scaffold. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and human bone marrow stromal cells (HMSCs) were investigated for their ability to differentiate toward an odontogenic lineage. In vitro real-time PCR results coupled with histological and immunohistochemical examination of the explanted tissues confirmed the ability of PDLSCs and HMSCs to form a vascularized pulp-like tissue. These findings indicate that the dental pulp stem derived ECM scaffold stimulated odontogenic differentiation of PDLSCs and HMSCs without the need for exogenous addition of growth and differentiation factors. This study represents a translational perspective toward possible therapeutic application of using a combination of somatic stem cells and extracellular matrix for pulp regeneration.
Psychiatric hospital admission and long‐term care in patients with very‐late‐onset schizophrenia‐like psychosis

In this register‐based study the rates and durations of psychiatric hospitalizations were compared between patients with very‐late‐onset schizophrenia‐like psychosis (VLOSLP, n = 918) and elderly patients with illness onset before 60 years (n = 6142). The proportion of patients ending up in long‐term care (LTC) or long‐lasting psychiatric hospital care (LLP) was also studied.
Prevalence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Chennai, India

Introduction Acute viral respiratory diseases are most important health concerns in infants and children [1]. Many respiratory viruses have been found to be the causative agents for the respiratory infections. However, Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is considered to be one of the leading causes of acute respiratory infections in children in both developed and developing countries [2-6]. According to a report, 66 million global cases of RSV associated lower respiratory tract infection have been reported in children [7]. The RSV infection in children results in negative impact on their quality of life. The clinical presentation of RSV infection ranges from mild upper respiratory tract infection to severe bronchiolitis [8]. Hence, RSV infection is considered to be one of the important risk factor of wheezing and asthma in children [8]. Epidemiological studies on RSV have provided a crucial data on relationship between the prevalence and clinical features of the diseases, which played a significant role in developing policies to control RSV infection and designing the RSV vaccines [9, 10]. Despite the prevalence of RSV infection in children being recognized worldwide, only limited data on RSV infection in children is available in our region [11-13]. Hence, the present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of RSV infection in children with acute respiratory tract infections using Real time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (Real time RT-PCR).
Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Lowering With Evolocumab and Outcomes in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease: Insights From the FOURIER Trial (Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research With PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects With Elevated Risk)

Background: The PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) inhibitor evolocumab reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular events in the FOURIER trial (Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research With PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects With Elevated Risk). We investigated the efficacy and safety of evolocumab in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) as well as the effect on major adverse limb events. Methods: FOURIER was a randomized trial of evolocumab versus placebo in 27 564 patients with atherosclerotic disease on statin therapy followed for a median of 2.2 years. Patients were identified as having PAD at baseline if they had intermittent claudication and an ankle brachial index of <0.85, or if they had a prior peripheral vascular procedure. The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, hospital admission for unstable angina, or coronary revascularization. The key secondary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. An additional outcome of interest was major adverse limb events defined as acute limb ischemia, major amputation, or urgent peripheral revascularization for ischemia. Results: Three thousand six hundred forty-two patients (13.2%) had PAD (1505 with no prior myocardial infarction or stroke). Evolocumab significantly reduced the primary end point consistently in patients with PAD (hazard ratio [HR] 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66–0.94; P=0.0098) and without PAD (HR 0.86; 95% CI, 0.80–0.93; P=0.0003; Pinteraction=0.40). For the key secondary end point, the HRs were 0.73 (0.59–0.91; P=0.0040) for those with PAD and 0.81 (0.73–0.90; P<0.0001) for those without PAD (Pinteraction=0.41). Because of their higher risk, patients with PAD had larger absolute risk reductions for the primary end point (3.5% with PAD, 1.6% without PAD) and the key secondary end point (3.5% with PAD, 1.4% without PAD). Evolocumab reduced the risk of major adverse limb events in all patients (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.38–0.88; P=0.0093) with consistent effects in those with and without known PAD. There was a consistent relationship between lower achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lower risk of limb events (P=0.026 for the beta coefficient) that extended down to <10 mg/dL. Conclusions: Patients with PAD are at high risk of cardiovascular events, and PCSK9 inhibition with evolocumab significantly reduced that risk with large absolute risk reductions. Moreover, lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with evolocumab reduced the risk of major adverse limb events. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT01764633.
Goal Setting in Sport and Exercise: A Reaction to Locke

Over the past 25 years, goal setting as a motivational technique to enhance performance and productivity has received consistent, reliable, and robust support from the industrial/organizational literature with over 400 studies indicating that specific, challenging goals lead to higher levels of task performance than easy goals, no goals, or do-best goals (Locke & Latham, 1990a). Although sport and exercise professionals (coaches, teachers, exercise leaders) have long been using goal setting to enhance performance, little empirical research had been conducted prior to 1985 to test the effectiveness of goals for enhancing sport performance. However, in their seminal article, Locke and Latham (1985) state that "tasks performed in organizational settings and in the laboratory have much in common with sport activities in that both involve mental and physical actions directed toward some end" (p. 206). Thus, they argue that goal setting should work equally as well in sport settings. In fact, they feel that goal setting could work even better in sport settings since the measurement of an individual's performance is typically easier in sports than it is in organizational settings. With this in mind, they proposed 10 different hypotheses based on the findings in the organizational/ industrial literature which they felt would be applicable to sport environments. At the time of Locke and Latham's (1985) paper, there was a dearth of goal-setting research in sport and exercise settings with a few notable exceptions (e.g., Barnett, 1977; Barnett & Stanicek, 1979; Hollingsworth, 1975). Their paper helped spur a great deal of research in the late 1980s and into the 1990s that investigated the effects of goal setting in sport and exercise. However, unlike the consistent and replicable results found in organizational settings (see Locke & Latham, 1990b, for a review), the findings concerning the effectiveness of goals in sport and exercise settings have been equivocal and inconsistent (see Weinberg, 1992, for a review). Specifically, some studies have supported the effectiveness of goals in enhancing performance (e.g., Hall, Weinberg, & Jackson, 1987; Tenenbaurn, Weinberg, Pinchas, Elbaz, & Bar-Eli, 1991; Weinberg, Bruya, Longino, & Jackson, 1988) whereas others have found no differences between specific-goal groups and contxol/do-your-best groups (e.g., Weinberg, Bruya, Jackson, & Garland, 1987; Weinberg, Bruya, Garland, & Jackson, 1990; Weinberg, Bruya, & Jackson, 1985, 1990).
Ectopic osteogenesis and angiogenesis regulated by porous architecture of hydroxyapatite scaffolds with similar interconnecting structure in vivo

The macro-pore sizes of porous scaffold play a key role for regulating ectopic osteogenesis and angiogenesis but many researches ignored the influence of interconnection between macro-pores with different sizes. In order to accurately reveal the relationship between ectopic osteogenesis and macro-pore sizes in dorsal muscle and abdominal cavities of dogs, hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds with three different macro-pore sizes of 500–650, 750–900 and 1100–1250 µm were prepared via sugar spheres-leaching process, which also had similar interconnecting structure determined by keeping the d/s ratio of interconnecting window diameter to macro-pore size constant. The permeability test showed that the seepage flow of fluid through the porous scaffolds increased with the increase of macro-pore sizes. The cell growth in three scaffolds was not affected by the macro-pore sizes. The in vivo ectopic implantation results indicated that the macro-pore sizes of HA scaffolds with the similar interconnecting structure have impact not only the speed of osteogenesis and angiogenesis but also the space distribution of newly formed bone. The scaffold with macro-pore sizes of 750–900 µm exhibited much faster angiogenesis and osteogenesis, and much more uniformly distribution of new bone than those with other macro-pore sizes. This work illustrates the importance of a suitable macro-pore sizes in HA scaffolds with the similar interconnecting structure which provides the environment for ectopic osteogenesis and angiogenesis.
Analyzing Chroma Feature Types for Automated Chord Recognition

The computer-based harmonic analysis of music recordings with the goal to automatically extract chord labels directly from the given audio data constitutes a major task in music information retrieval. In most automated chord recognition procedures, the given music recording is first converted into a sequence of chroma-based audio features and then pattern matching techniques are applied to map the chroma features to chord labels. In this paper, we analyze the role of the feature extraction step within the recognition pipeline of various chord recognition procedures based on template matching strategies and hidden Markov models. In particular, we report on numerous experiments which show how the various procedures depend on the type of the underlying chroma feature as well as on parameters that control temporal and spectral aspects.
Cognitive Load and Mixed Strategies: On Brains and Minimax

It is well-known that laboratory subjects often do not play mixed strategy equilibrium games according to the equilibrium predictions. In particular, subjects often mix with the incorrect proportions and their actions often exhibit serial correlation. However, little is known about the role of cognition in these observations. We conduct an experiment where subjects play a repeated hide and seek game against a computer opponent programmed to play either a strategy that can be exploited by the subject (a naive strategy) or designed to exploit suboptimal play of the subject (an exploitative strategy). The subjects play with either fewer available cognitive resources (under a high cognitive load) or with more available cognitive resources (under a low cognitive load). While we observe that subjects do not mix in the predicted proportions and their actions exhibit serial correlation, we do not find strong evidence these are related to their available cognitive resources. This suggests that the standard laboratory results on mixed strategies are not associated with the availability of cognitive resources. Surprisingly, we find evidence that subjects under a high load earn more than subjects under a low load. However, we also find that subjects under a low cognitive load exhibit a greater rate of increase in earnings across rounds than subjects under a high load.
The development of albendazole for lymphatic filariasis

Abstract The history of the development of ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine for the treatment of human filarial infections is relatively well known and documented. The story of how albendazole became involved in the global elimination programmes is, however, less well known. This review examines the thinking and the processes behind the development of albendazole, from the first ideas in the mid 1980s to the establishment of the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis. Throughout, the approaches were essentially different from those of traditional drug development and, in the end, there was a recommendation for a particular public-health use that was not formally approved by the regulatory authorities. While there is no doubt about the efficacy of albendazole for the treatment of many helminth diseases, as a single agent it could never be recommended for filariasis.
AUTOFIB REDSHIFT SURVEY : II. EVOLUTION OF THE GALAXY LUMINOSITY FUNCTION BY SPECTRAL TYPE

We determine the evolution of the galaxy luminosity function (LF) as a function of spectral type using the Autofib redshift survey, a compendium of over 1700 galaxy redshifts in various magnitude-limited samples spanning b_J=11.5-24.0. To carry out this analysis we have developed a cross-correlation technique which classifies faint galaxy spectra into one of six types based on local galaxy templates. Tests and simulations show that this technique yields classifications correct to within one type for more than 90% of the galaxies in our sample. We have also developed extensions of the step-wise maximum likelihood method and the STY parametric method for estimating LFs which are applicable to recovering an evolving LF from multiple samples. We find that: (i) The spectra and LF of E/S0 galaxies show no appreciable evolution out to at least z ~ 0.5. (ii) Early-type spirals show modest evolution, characterised by a gradual steepening of the faint end of their LF with redshift. (iii) Out to z ~ 0.5, the overall evolution of the galaxy population is dominated by changes seen in late-type spirals. The characteristic luminosity (L^*) of these galaxies appears to brighten with redshift and there are signs of strong density evolution (a rapid increase in \phi^*). These effects appear to be luminosity dependent so that the LF steepens at higher redshift. These trends are accompanied by a steep increase in the median [OII] equivalent width, implying a rapid increase in the star-formation rate with redshift at fixed luminosity---a given star-formation rate is found at higher redshift in galaxies of higher luminosity. We find that these conclusions are robust with respect to spectral classification errors and the luminosity function estimator.
The Antecedents of Employee Commitment in Hospitality Industry: Evidence from China

Employee commitment is an important issue for both practitioners and academicians. This paper focuses on exploring the relationships among organizational support, affective commitment and normative commitment, based on data from the hospitality industry of China. The results indicate that affective commitment had significant positive effect on normative commitment. Among the three dimensions of organizational support, managerial support had the greatest influence on employee commitment, compared with co-worker relationship and role ambiguity. Theoretical discussions and practical implications have also been provided.
Visuwell Reagin, a non-treponemal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the serodiagnosis of syphilis

A urease-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed for the detection of reagin antibodies in serum. Visuwell Reagin (ADI Diagnostics Inc., Rexdale, Ontario, Canada) is a non-treponemal screening test for the serodiagnosis of syphilis which has the benefits of large batch testing, automatability, and objective interpretation of results. Unheated, undiluted sera are incubated in 96-well microtiter plates coated with a modified cardiolipin-lecithin-cholesterol antigen. Antibody bound to the plate is detected by an anti-human immunoglobulin G-urease conjugate. The procedure consists of three steps, with a total test time of 60 min. Visuwell Reagin ELISA was compared with the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test and the reagin screening test (RST) with the following results. For ELISA versus the VDRL test, the sensitivities for untreated syphilis (n = 37) were 97.3% for both ELISA and the VDRL test, the confirmatory positive values (n = 79) were 84.8% for ELISA and 72.2% for the VDRL test, and the specificities for normal samples (n = 1,327) were 98.8% for ELISA and 99.5% for the VDRL test. For ELISA versus RST, the sensitivities for untreated syphilis (n = 57) were 94.7% for ELISA and 87.7% for RST, the confirmatory positive values (n = 26) were 96.2% for ELISA and 92.3% for RST, and the specificities for normal samples (n = 1,891) were 99.6% for ELISA and 99.3% for RST. The overall concordance values of ELISA with VDRL test and RST were 96.7 and 97.9%, respectively. The specificity of ELISA compared with that of RST may be underestimated, since confirmatory data were not available for all apparent false-positive samples. Visuwell Reagin had increased sensitivity and similar specificity compared with flocculation tests.
Strength after bouts of eccentric or concentric actions.

This study examined the influence of an initial bout of eccentric or concentric actions and a subsequent bout of eccentric actions on muscular strength. Twenty-four healthy males, 24-45 yr old, were placed in three groups that performed eccentric actions in bouts 1 and 2 (ECC/ECC, N = 8), concentric actions in bout 1, and eccentric actions in bout 2 (CON/ECC, N = 8) or served as controls (N = 8). Bouts involved unilateral actions with the left and right quadriceps femoris. Ten sets of 10 repetitions with an initial resistance equal to 85% of the eccentric or concentric one repetition maximum (1 RM) were performed for each bout. Three minutes of rest were given between sets and 3 wk between bouts. Two weeks before bout 1 and 1, 4, 7, and 10 d after bouts 1 and 2, eccentric and concentric 1 RM were measured for the right quadriceps femoris and a speed-torque relation established for the left quadriceps femoris. Eccentric and concentric 1 RM decreased (P less than 0.05) 32% 1 d after bout 1 for group ECC/ECC. The speed-torque relation was down-shifted (P less than 0.05) 38%. Eccentric 1 RM and eccentric and isometric torque returned to normal 6 d later. Concentric 1 RM and torque at 3.14 rad.s-1 had not recovered on day 10 (-7% for both, P less than 0.05). Decreases in strength after bout 2 for group ECC/ECC only occurred on day (-9% for concentric 1 RM and 16% downshift of the speed-torque relation). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Visual excitement: analyzing the effects of three Norwegian tourism films on emotions and behavioral intentions

ABSTRACT Commercial films are important for deciding where to travel. Nonetheless, surprisingly little is known scientifically about which emotions tourist commercials trigger while watching them and how similarly or differently online vs. post hoc self-reported emotions affect travel intentions. In an experimental study, 142 tourists were randomly allocated into one of three groups. The first group was exposed to a tourist commercial film, the second group watched a different tourist commercial film and the third group saw a short amateur ski film. A subsample was also shown a popular comedy film. Online emotions were captured using FaceReader software that analyzed facial expressions. Self-reported emotions were measured with a questionnaire distributed immediately after each film. Results showed that tourist films elicited hardly any facial expressions at all, and that there was no correlation between those elicited and the same emotions measured with the post-film questionnaire. In contrast, the comedy film elicited higher levels of facial expressions and many of those emotions correlated significantly with those reported in the questionnaire afterwards. Finally, online more than self-reported emotions predicted future intentions to visit.