Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linear and Non-Linear Dimensional Reduction via Class Representatives for Text Classification

We address the problem of building fast and effective text classification tools. We describe a "representatives methodology" related to feature extraction and illustrate its performance using as vehicles a centroid based method and a method based on clustered LSI that were recently proposed as useful tools for low rank matrix approximation and cost effective alternatives to LSI. The methodology is very flexible, providing the means for accelerating existing algorithms. It is also combined with kernel techniques to enable the analysis of data for which linear techniques are insufficient. Numerous classification examples indicate that the proposed technique is effective and efficient with an overall performance superior than existing linear and nonlinear LSI-based approaches.
Level walking and stair climbing gait in above-knee amputees

To evaluate quantitatively the contribution of each muscle to amputee gait during level walking and stair climbing in transfemoral amputees and healthy individuals, gait analysis and electromyography with transfemoral amputees (n = 8) and healthy adults (n = 10) were performed to evaluate muscle balance during each ambulatory task. Time – distance and kinematic parameters by gait analysis were calculated, and the rms EMG of major muscles and hamstring and tibialis anterior coactivity were measured by electromyography. Most kinematic parameters showed no statistical difference between each task, excluding pelvic tilt, pelvic obliquity and hip abduction. Major muscle activities and coactivities of hamstring and tibialis anterior showed that the stair ascent task needed excessive muscle activity compared with the stair descent task and level walking, and that muscle activity and coactivity of amputees were greater than those of healthy individuals, excluding hamstring coactivity during stair ascent (p < 0.05).
Cell Death and Survival Bax D 2 Promotes Apoptosis through Caspase-8 Activation in Microsatellite-Unstable Colon Cancer

Loss of apoptotic Bax due to microsatellite mutation contributes to tumor development and chemoresistance. Recently, a Baxmicrosatellite mutation was uncovered in combination with a specific alternative splicing event that could generate a unique Bax isoform (BaxD2) in otherwise Bax-negative cells. Like the prototype Baxa, BaxD2 is a potent proapoptotic molecule. However, the proapoptotic mechanism and therapeutic implication of BaxD2 remain elusive. Here, the isolation and analysis of isogenic subcell lines are described that represent different Bax microsatellite statuses from colorectal cancer. Colon cancer cells harboring Bax microsatellite G7/G7 alleles are capable of producing low levels of endogenous BaxD2 transcripts and proteins. Interestingly, BaxD2-positive cells are selectively sensitive to a subgroup of chemotherapeutics compared with BaxD2-negative cells. Unlike other Bax isoforms, BaxD2 recruits caspase-8 into the proximity for activation, and the latter, in turn, activates caspase-3 and apoptosis independent of the mitochondrial pathway. These data suggest that the expression of BaxD2may provide alternative apoptotic and chemotherapeutic advantages for Bax-negative tumors. Implications: "Bax-negative" colorectal tumors expressing a Bax isoform are sensitive to selective chemotherapeutics. Mol Cancer Res; 12(9); 1225–32. 2014 AACR.
Radiological Safety of Water from Hadejia River

Water samples from Hadejia River in the north eastern part of Nigeria were studied in order to ascertain the suitability and radiological safety of water from the river for human consumption. Radioactive measurements, using a lead shielded sodium iodide detector coupled to a multichannel analyzer were used to estimate eight radiological parameters of water samples from Hadejia River. The results show that the values of all the parameters fall within the minimum universal standard, indicating that consuming the water pose no serious radiological hazard, especially for adults. The values of the Absorbed Dose Rate (50.10511 nGyh-1) and AEDE (12.458 mSvy-1) for the infant however portend that infant consumer could be susceptible to radiation hazard on consuming water from the River. It is however recommended that activities that are capable of enhancing the radiological content of the River be avoided within the area.
Influence of increasing temperature on the scorpion sting incidence by climatic regions

Scorpion stings are a major public health concern representing a frequent cause of intoxication in many countries. The present study aims to examine the impact of climate variability in different climatic regions of the state of Morelos in Mexico on the incidence of scorpion stings. An ecological study was conducted using a retrospective time‐series analysis. Weekly reported scorpion sting cases from the Unique System of Information for Epidemiological Surveillance (SUIVE) and daily temperature and precipitation from the National Meteorological Service were obtained from 1999 to 2007. The geographical region of study was divided according three climatic conditions into Hot region (HR), Warm region (WR) and Cold region (CR). Generalized Linear Models were used to estimate the percent change [95% confidence intervals (CI)] of scorpion sting cases associated to an increase of 1 °C of temperature and 1 cm of precipitation in each climatic region. During the period of study there were 281 076 scorpion sting cases reported in the State of Morelos, Mexico. Positive correlations among temperature and scorpion sting cases were found (R = 0.59 and 0.70 in the HR and WR, respectively). Regions with the hottest temperatures had the greatest effect, showing a 9.8% (CI 95%: 8.30–11.30) increase in scorpion sting cases per 1 °C increased in temperature. Increase in minimum and maximum temperatures have a delayed effect on scorpion stings cases and these may vary by climatic region.
A Simple Approach to Determine Power System Delay Margin

Since there exist significant time delays in the information of phasor measurement unit (PMU) and wide area measurement system (WAMS), it is an important issue to properly evaluate the influence of time delay in power system stability study and controller design. In this paper, we mainly focus on the determination of the maximum time delay that system can sustain without losing small signal stability. Here we denote the maximum time delay as delay margin. Based on Rekasius substitution and Routh stability criterion, a simple approach to determine power system delay margin is introduced in this paper. Rekasius substitution is first used to transfer the system transcendental characteristic equation into a polynomial equation. Then Routh stability criterion is applied to determine the critical eigenvalue, the corresponding oscillation frequency and the system delay margin. Finally, a single-machine-infinite- bus system is employed to do some verification studies. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed approach are proved. Further, impacts of the exciter gain, generator mechanical output and generator damping to the system delay margin are deeply discussed. It is found that when the value of generation output and exciter gain increase, system delay margin will decrease. While relationship of generator damping and the delay margin is somewhat complex. Smaller generator damping does not mean smaller delay margin. Since time delays widely exist in the WAMS measurement, more studies should be done to properly consider their influence in future.
On the Parameterized and Approximation Hardness of Metric Dimension

The NP-hard Metric Dimension problem is to decide for a given graph G and a positive integer k whether there is a vertex subset of size at most k that separates all vertex pairs in G. Herein, a vertex v separates a pair {u, w} if the distance (length of a shortest path) between v and u is different from the distance of v and w. We give a polynomial-time computable reduction from the Bipartite Dominating Set problem to Metric Dimension on maximum degree three graphs such that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the solution sets of both problems. There are two main consequences of this: First, it proves that Metric Dimension on maximum degree three graphs is W[2]-hard with respect to the parameter k. This answers an open question concerning the parameterized complexity of Metric Dimension posed by Lokshtanov [Dagstuhl seminar, 2009] and also by Diaz et al. [ESA'12]. Additionally, it implies that a trivial nO(k)-time algorithm cannot be improved to an no(k)-time algorithm, unless the assumption FPT≠W[1] fails. Second, as Bipartite Dominating Set is inapproximable within o(log n), it follows that Metric Dimension on maximum degree three graphs is also inapproximable by a factor of o(log n), unless NP=P. This strengthens the result of Hauptmann et al. [JDA'12] who proved APX-hardness on bounded-degree graphs.
The total antioxidant power of semen and its correlation with the fertility potential of human male subjects.

BACKGROUND There are growing evidences that the damage which is caused to the spermatozoa by the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) plays a key role in the male infertility. The seminal plasma is endowed with many enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants which protect the spermatozoa against oxidative stress.The present study was undertaken by using a simple, colourimetric, ferric reducing, antioxidant power for assessing the total antioxidant power rather than the individual antioxidants. The measurement of the individual antioxidants in the seminal plasma, such as Superoxide Dismutase, Vitamin E, etc. is time consuming, which often requires sophisticated and expensive techniques and these measurements may not correlate with the quality of semen. AIM To evaluate the total antioxidant capacity of seminal plasma by estimating the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) of semen in different groups of subjects and to correlate it with the different seminogram parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS The semen samples were obtained from 150 male partners of infertile couples who attended the Reproductive Biology Unit (Infertility Clinic) of the Department of Physiology, MGIMS, Sevagram, who were aged 20-58 years and they were analyzed for the routine seminogram parameters. All the subjects were categorized into two main groups, A. The subjects with abnormal ejaculates, who were further sub classified into the following groups i) Asthenoteratozoospermics (n=25) ii) Oligoasthenoteratozoospermics (n=26) and iii) Azoospermics (n=19) and B. The subjects with normal ejaculates (n=80). The total antioxidant power was measured spectrophotometrically by using the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. RESULTS The Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) was found to be significantly lower in the abnormal ejaculates than in the normal ejaculates. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the TAC and all the seminogram parameters such as the sperm concentration, sperm motility and sperm morphology (p<0.05). CONCLUSION A decreased seminal plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC) could have significant role in the aetiology of impaired sperm functions. So, the tac may be used as specific biomarker for assessing the oxidative stress in sperms.
Etiology of Childhood Bacteremia and Timely Antibiotics Administration in the Emergency Department

BACKGROUND: Bacteremia is now an uncommon presentation to the children’s emergency department (ED) but is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Its evolving etiology may affect the ability of clinicians to initiate timely, appropriate antimicrobial therapy. METHODS: A retrospective time series analysis of bacteremia was conducted in the Alder Hey Children’s Hospital ED between 2001 and 2011. Data on significant comorbidities, time to empirical therapy, and antibiotic susceptibility were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 575 clinical episodes were identified, and Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 109), Neisseria meningitidis (n = 96), and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 89) were commonly isolated. The rate of bacteremia was 1.42 per 1000 ED attendances (95% confidence interval: 1.31–1.53). There was an annual reduction of 10.6% (6.6%–14.5%) in vaccine-preventable infections, and an annual increase of 6.7% (1.2%–12.5%) in Gram-negative infections. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was associated with a 49% (32%–74%) reduction in pneumococcal bacteremia. The rate of health care–associated bacteremia increased from 0.17 to 0.43 per 1000 ED attendances (P = .002). Susceptibility to empirical antibiotics was reduced (96.3%–82.6%; P < .001). Health care–associated bacteremia was associated with an increased length of stay of 3.9 days (95% confidence interval: 2.3–5.8). Median time to antibiotics was 184 minutes (interquartile range: 63–331) and 57 (interquartile range: 27–97) minutes longer in Gram-negative bacteremia than in vaccine-preventable bacteremia. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in the etiology of pediatric bacteremia have implications for prompt, appropriate empirical treatment. Increasingly, pediatric bacteremia in the ED is health care associated, which increases length of inpatient stay. Prompt, effective antimicrobial administration requires new tools to improve recognition, in addition to continued etiological surveillance.
Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV) Infection Alters the Expression of Cellular MicroRNA Species That Affect Transcription of TGEV Gene 7

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is a member of Coronaviridae family. TGEV infection has emerged as a major cause of severe gastroenteritis and leads to alterations of many cellular processes. Meanwhile, the pathogenic mechanism of TGEV is still unclear. microRNAs (miRNAs) are a novel class of small non-coding RNAs which are involved in the regulation of numerous biological processes such as viral infection and cell apoptosis. Accumulating data show that miRNAs are involved in the process of coronavirus infection such as replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). However, the link between miRNAs and TGEV infection is unknown. In this study, we performed microRNA microarray assay and predicted targets of altered miRNAs. The results showed TGEV infection caused the change of miRNAs profile. Then we selected miR-4331 for further analysis and subsequently identified cell division cycle-associated protein 7 (CDCA7) as the target of miR-4331. Moreover, miR-4331 showed the ability to inhibit transcription of TGEV gene 7 (a non-structure gene) via directly targeting CDCA7. In conclusion, differentially expressed miR-4331 that is caused by TGEV infection can suppress transcription of TGEV gene 7 via targeting cellular CDCA7. Our key finding is that TGEV selectively manipulates the expression of some cellular miRNAs to regulate its subgenomic transcription.
Article Status Summary Referee Responses the Perinatal Adverse Events and Special Trends in Cognitive

Trajectory (PLASTICITY)-pre-protocol for a prospective longitudinal follow-up cohort study [v1; ref status: indexed, Abstract Prospective follow-up studies on long term effects of pre-and perinatal adverse conditions in adulthood are rare. We will continue to follow the prospective cohort of initially 1196 subjects with predefined at-delivery risk factors out of 22,359 consecutive deliveries during 1971-74 at a single maternity hospital. The risk cohort and 93 controls have been followed up with a comprehensive clinical program at 5, 9, and 16 years of age and by questionnaire at the age of 30 years. Major medical events known to affect the development and growth of the brain, or cognitive functions and personality have been documented. Here we present a pre-protocol for the project, which we will call PLASTICITY, whose aim is to follow consenting subjects and controls into mid-adulthood and beyond, and to explore how the neonatal risk factors modulate neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative processes such as learning disabilities, ADHD, aging, early onset mild cognitive impairment and even dementia. Our first focus is on the neurological and cognitive outcomes at age 40 years, using detailed neurological, neuropsychological, neuroimaging, genetic, blood chemistry and registry based methods. Results will be expected to offer information on the risk of neurological, psychiatric, metabolic and other medical consequences as well as the need for health and social services at the brink of middle age, when new degenerative phenomena are known to emerge. The evaluation at age 40 years will serve as a baseline for later aging studies. We welcome all comments and suggestions, which we will apply in finalizing details and inviting collaboration.
Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology A Bayes Regression Approach to Array-CGH Data

This paper develops a Bayes regression model having change points for the analysis of arrayCGH data by utilizing not only the underlying spatial structure of the genomic alterations but also the observation that the noise associated with the ratio of the fluorescence intensities is bigger when the intensities get smaller. We show that this Bayes regression approach is particularly suitable for the analysis of cDNA microarray-CGH data, which are generally noisier than those using genomic clones. A simulation study and a real data analysis are included to illustrate this approach.
The Clinical Outcome of Small (<20 mm) Arterially Enhancing Nodules on MRI in the Cirrhotic Liver

OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the outcome of arterially enhancing nodules (AENs) measuring <20 mm detected on MRI in patients with cirrhosis.METHODS:Prospective analysis of 54 patients with a total of 161 AENs <20 mm on MRI. Inclusion criteria included a minimum of 12 months of MRI follow-up or histological evaluation of the AEN. Key exclusions were patients with an AEN >20 mm or prior diagnosis of HCC. Two radiologists blinded to the clinical and pathological data reviewed serial MRIs and classified the AENs as no longer visible, stable, increasing, or decreasing in size.RESULTS:A total of 161 AENs were identified and were followed by serial MRI for a mean of 24 months. Eighty (50%) AENs were no longer visible on repeat imaging, 42 (26%) remained stable, 1 of which was diagnosed as HCC on short-term follow-up, 8 (5%) increased in size and were subsequently diagnosed as HCC, and 24 (15%) decreased in size. In addition, 7 AENs (4%) were diagnosed on biopsy immediately following the initial MRI. Overall MR characteristics diagnostic of HCC were growth ≥2 mm and peripheral rim enhancement on initial MRI.CONCLUSIONS:The majority (90%) of AENs <20 mm in cirrhosis are benign. The presence of rim enhancement or interval growth of an AEN are suggestive of HCC.
A hybrid G-quadruplex structure formed between RNA and DNA explains the extraordinary stability of the mitochondrial R-loop

In human mitochondria the transcription machinery generates the RNA primers needed for initiation of DNA replication. A critical feature of the leading-strand origin of mitochondrial DNA replication is a CG-rich element denoted conserved sequence block II (CSB II). During transcription of CSB II, a G-quadruplex structure forms in the nascent RNA, which stimulates transcription termination and primer formation. Previous studies have shown that the newly synthesized primers form a stable and persistent RNA–DNA hybrid, a R-loop, near the leading-strand origin of DNA replication. We here demonstrate that the unusual behavior of the RNA primer is explained by the formation of a stable G-quadruplex structure, involving the CSB II region in both the nascent RNA and the non-template DNA strand. Based on our data, we suggest that G-quadruplex formation between nascent RNA and the non-template DNA strand may be a regulated event, which decides the fate of RNA primers and ultimately the rate of initiation of DNA synthesis in human mitochondria.
Different Vasculoprotective Roles of NO Synthase Isoforms in Vascular Lesion Formation in Mice

NO is known to have several important vasculoprotective actions. Although NO is synthesized by 3 different NO synthase (NOS) isoforms, the vasculoprotective action of individual NOS isoforms remains to be clarified. Permanent ligation of the left common carotid artery was performed in control, endothelial NOS (eNOS) knockout (eNOS-KO), and inducible NOS (iNOS) knockout (iNOS-KO) mice. Four weeks after the procedure, neointimal formation and reduction of cross-sectional vascular area (constrictive remodeling) were noted in the left carotid artery. In the eNOS-KO mice, the extent of neointimal formation was significantly larger than in the control or iNOS-KO mice, whereas the extent of vascular remodeling was the highest in the iNOS-KO mice compared with other 2 strains. Antiplatelet therapy with aspirin or antihypertensive treatment with bunazosin failed to inhibit the accelerated neointimal formation in the eNOS-KO mice. These results indicate that eNOS and iNOS have different vasculoprotective actions against the vascular lesion formation caused by blood flow disruption in vivo: NO derived from eNOS inhibits neointimal formation, whereas NO derived from iNOS suppresses the development of constrictive remodeling. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000;20:e96-e100.)
The Range of Spinel Compositions in Terrestrial Mafic and Ultramafic Rocks

Compositional fields for spinels from a wide variety of mafic– a wide range of conditions from mafic and ultramafic ultramafic igneous rock types and tectonic environments have been magmas and, in the case of chromites, are often among determined from a global database of over 26 000 analyses. the first phases to crystallize. They also exhibit a wide These fields are defined using contoured data density plots based range of solid solution, the thermodynamics of which has on the spinel prism, and plots of TiO2 vs ferric iron, for mantle been studied extensively (O’Neill & Wall, 1987; Mattioli xenoliths, ophiolitic rocks, continental layered intrusions, alkalic & Wood, 1988; Wood, 1990; Sack & Ghiorso, 1991; and lamprophyric rocks, tholeiitic basalts, Alaskan ultramafic Poustovetov, 2000). They are relatively refractory and complexes and komatiites. Several trends appear regularly in the resistant to alteration, particularly compared with other various environments: a trend of widely variable Cr/(Cr + Al) high-temperature igneous minerals such as olivine. They at low Fe/(Mg + Fe) (the Cr–Al trend); increasing Fe, occur in a high proportion of terrestrial mafic and ultraFe/(Mg + Fe) and TiO2 at constant Cr/(Cr + Al) mafic rocks, and a very large volume of microprobe data (Fe–Ti trend); a trend found primarily in kimberlites, similar is available on their compositions. to Fe–Ti but at constant Fe/(Mg + Fe); and an unusual Publications on spinels (particularly chromites) have trend of increasing Al found only in layered intrusions. The routinely used compositional fields based on the spinel Cr–Al and Fe–Ti trends are both found to varying degrees in prism to compare populations of analyses. Some of tholeiitic basalts. The Cr–Al trend is prevalent in rocks that these fields have remarkable longevity, particularly those have equilibrated over a range of pressures, whereas the Fe–Ti defined for layered intrusions and Alpine peridotites by trend is dominantly due to low-pressure fractionation. The most Irvine (1967, 1977). Many new data have become availCr-rich chromites found in nature occur in boninites, diamondable in the last 20 years, however, and it has become bearing kimberlites, some komatiites and ophiolitic chromitites. apparent that a new compilation of data is necessary to Exceptionally reduced chromites are found in some komatiites reflect this. The prime purpose of this paper is to analyse and in ophiolitic chromitites. Detrital chromites from the a global database of about 26 000 spinel analyses from Witwatersrand conglomerates are of komatiitic provenance. terrestrial igneous and metamorphosed igneous rocks, and to extract from this database the characteristic compositional fields of spinels from the wide variety of magma types and tectonic environments in which they occur.