Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantified stress : toward data-driven stress awareness

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Brain region-specific gene expression profiles in freshly isolated rat microglia

Microglia are important cells in the brain that can acquire different morphological and functional phenotypes dependent on the local situation they encounter. Knowledge on the region-specific gene signature of microglia may hold valuable clues for microglial functioning in health and disease, e.g., Parkinson’s disease (PD) in which microglial phenotypes differ between affected brain regions. Therefore, we here investigated whether regional differences exist in gene expression profiles of microglia that are isolated from healthy rat brain regions relevant for PD. We used an optimized isolation protocol based on a rapid isolation of microglia from discrete rat gray matter regions using density gradients and fluorescent-activated cell sorting. Application of the present protocol followed by gene expression analysis enabled us to identify subtle differences in region-specific microglial expression profiles and show that the genetic profile of microglia already differs between different brain regions when studied under control conditions. As such, these novel findings imply that brain region-specific microglial gene expression profiles exist that may contribute to the region-specific differences in microglia responsivity during disease conditions, such as seen in, e.g., PD.
Making by making strange: Defamiliarization and the design of domestic technologies

This article argues that because the home is so familiar, it is necessary to make it strange, or defamiliarize it, in order to open its design space. Critical approaches to technology design are of both practical and social importance in the home. Home appliances are loaded with cultural associations such as the gendered division of domestic labor that are easy to overlook. Further, homes are not the same everywhere---even within a country. Peoples' aspirations and desires differ greatly across and between cultures. The target of western domestic technology design is often not the user, but the consumer. Web refrigerators that create shopping lists, garbage cans that let advertisers know what is thrown away, cabinets that monitor their contents and order more when supplies are low are central to current images of the wireless, digital home of the future. Drawing from our research in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Asia, we provide three different narratives of defamiliarization. A historical reading of American kitchens provides a lens with which to scrutinize new technologies of domesticity, an ethnographic account of an extended social unit in England problematizes taken-for-granted domestic technologies, and a comparative ethnography of the role of information and communication technologies in the daily lives of urban Asia's middle classes reveals the ways in which new technologies can be captured and domesticated in unexpected ways. In the final section of the article, we build on these moments of defamiliarization to suggest a broad set of challenges and strategies for design in the home.
Correspondence-Less Non-rigid Registration of Triangular Surface Meshes

A novel correspondence-less approach is proposed to find a thin plate spline map between a pair of deformable 3D objects represented by triangular surface meshes. The proposed method works without landmark extraction and feature correspondences. The aligning transformation is found simply by solving a system of nonlinear equations. Each equation is generated by integrating a nonlinear function over the object's domains. We derive recursive formulas for the efficient computation of these integrals. Based on a series of comparative tests on a large synthetic dataset, our triangular mesh-based algorithm outperforms state of the art methods both in terms of computing time and accuracy. The applicability of the proposed approach has been demonstrated on the registration of 3D lung CT volumes.
Search Based Training Data Selection For Cross Project Defect Prediction

Context: Previous studies have shown that steered training data or dataset selection can lead to better performance for cross project defect prediction (CPDP). On the other hand, data quality is an issue to consider in CPDP. Aim: We aim at utilising the Nearest Neighbor (NN)-Filter, embedded in a genetic algorithm, for generating evolving training datasets to tackle CPDP, while accounting for potential noise in defect labels. Method: We propose a new search based training data (i.e., instance) selection approach for CPDP called GIS (Genetic Instance Selection) that looks for solutions to optimize a combined measure of F-Measure and GMean, on a validation set generated by (NN)-filter. The genetic operations consider the similarities in features and address possible noise in assigned defect labels. We use 13 datasets from PROMISE repository in order to compare the performance of GIS with benchmark CPDP methods, namely (NN)-filter and naive CPDP, as well as with within project defect prediction (WPDP). Results: Our results show that GIS is significantly better than (NN)-Filter in terms of F-Measure (p -- value ≪ 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.697) and GMean (p -- value ≪ 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.946). It also outperforms the naive CPDP approach in terms of F-Measure (p -- value ≪ 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.753) and GMean (p -- value ≪ 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.994). In addition, the performance of our approach is better than that of WPDP, again considering F-Measure (p -- value ≪ 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.227) and GMean (p -- value ≪ 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.595) values. Conclusions: We conclude that search based instance selection is a promising way to tackle CPDP. Especially, the performance comparison with the within project scenario encourages further investigation of our approach. However, the performance of GIS is based on high recall in the expense of low precision. Using different optimization goals, e.g. targeting high precision, would be a future direction to investigate.
Accuracy of MR imaging of the knee in adolescents.

OBJECTIVE A report in the orthopedics literature states that MR imaging for internal derangement of the knee has a lower accuracy in adolescents than in adults and may even provide spurious information that alters clinical management. This assertion has not been specifically addressed in the radiology literature. The purpose of our study was to determine the accuracy of MR imaging in adolescents with regard to injury of the cruciate ligaments and menisci. MATERIALS AND METHODS A database search of our institution's records from January 1998 to July 2000 yielded 2140 MR examinations of the knee, all of which had been performed with a standard knee protocol on a 1.5-T magnet. Of these 2140 examinations, 156 included patients younger than 18 years. Fifty-nine of these patients underwent surgery, and the orthopedic surgeons' operative reports were used as the gold standard with which the MR imaging results were compared. Thirty-four boys and 25 girls who ranged in age from 11 to 17 years (mean age, 15 years) were examined. The clinical notes for the remaining 97 patients were evaluated for information about management and clinical improvement. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity values for MR imaging of the menisci and cruciate ligaments in adolescents were as follows: medial meniscus, 92% sensitivity and 87% specificity; lateral meniscus, 93% sensitivity and 95% specificity; anterior cruciate ligament, 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity; and posterior cruciate ligament, 0% sensitivity and 100% specificity. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that MR imaging of the knee in adolescents is sensitive, specific, and accurate.
The topological derivative in anisotropic elasticity

A comprehensive treatment of the topological derivative for anisotropic elasticity is presented, with both the background material and the trial small inhomogeneity assumed to have arbitrary anisotropic elastic properties. A formula for the topological derivative of any cost functional defined in terms of regular volume or surface densities depending on the displacement is established, by combining small-inhomogeneity asymptotics and the adjoint solution approach. The latter feature makes the proposed result simple to implement and computationally efficient. Both three-dimensional and plane-strain settings are treated; they differ mostly on details in the elastic moment tensor (EMT). Moreover, the main properties of the EMT, a critical component of the topological derivative, are studied for the fully anisotropic case. Then, the topological derivative of strain energy-based quadratic cost functionals is derived, which requires a distinct treatment. Finally, numerical experiments on the numerical evaluation of the EMT and the topological derivative of the compliance cost functional are reported.
Tualang Honey Protects the Rat Midbrain and Lung against Repeated Paraquat Exposure

Paraquat (PQ) is a dopaminergic neurotoxin and a well-known pneumotoxicant that exerts its toxic effect via oxidative stress-mediated cellular injuries. This study investigated the protective effects of Tualang honey against PQ-induced toxicity in the midbrain and lungs of rats. The rats were orally treated with distilled water (2 mL/kg/day), Tualang honey (1.0 g/kg/day), or ubiquinol (0.2 g/kg/day) throughout the experimental period. Two weeks after the respective treatments, the rats were injected intraperitoneally with saline (1 mL/kg/week) or PQ (10 mg/kg/week) once per week for four consecutive weeks. After four weekly exposures to PQ, the glutathione peroxidase activity and the number of tyrosine-hydroxylase immunopositive neurons in the midbrain were significantly decreased in animals from group PQ (p < 0.05). The lungs of animals from group PQ showed significantly decreased activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase. Treatment with Tualang honey ameliorated the toxic effects observed in the midbrain and lungs. The beneficial effects of Tualang honey were comparable to those of ubiquinol, which was used as a positive control. These findings suggest that treatment with Tualang honey may protect against PQ-induced toxicity in the rat midbrain and lung.
CaCo-2 Cells Treated with Clostridium perfringensEnterotoxin Form Multiple Large Complex Species, One of Which Contains the Tight Junction Protein Occludin*

The previous model for the action ofClostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) proposed that (i) CPE binds to host cell receptor(s), forming a small (∼90 kDa) complex, (ii) the small complex interacts with other eucaryotic protein(s), forming a large (∼160 kDa) complex, and (iii) the large complex triggers massive permeability changes, thereby inducing enterocyte death. In the current study, Western immunoblot analysis demonstrated that CPE bound to CaCo-2 human intestinal cells at 37 °C forms multiple large complex species, with apparent sizes of ∼200, ∼155, and ∼135 kDa. These immunoblot experiments also revealed that occludin, an ∼65-kDa tight junction protein, is present in the ∼200-kDa large complex but absent from the other large complex species. Immunoprecipitation studies confirmed that occludin physically associates with CPE in large complex material and also indicated that occludin is absent from small complex. These results strongly suggest that occludin becomes associated with CPE during formation of the ∼200-kDa large complex. A postbinding association between CPE and occludin is consistent with the failure of rat fibroblast transfectants expressing occludin to bind CPE in the current study. Those occludin transfectants were also insensitive to CPE, strongly suggesting that occludin expression is not sufficient to confer CPE sensitivity. However, the occludin-containing, ∼200-kDa large complex may contribute to CPE-induced cytotoxicity, because nontoxic CPE point mutants did not form any large complex species. By showing that large complex material is comprised of several species (one containing occludin), the current studies indicate that CPE action is more complicated than previously appreciated and also provide additional evidence for CPE interactions with tight junction proteins, which could be important for CPE-induced pathophysiology.
TUBE: time-dependent pricing for mobile data

The two largest U.S. wireless ISPs have recently moved towards usage-based pricing to better manage the growing demand on their networks. Yet usage-based pricing still requires ISPs to over-provision capacity for demand at peak times of the day. Time-dependent pricing (TDP) addresses this problem by considering when a user consumes data, in addition to how much is used. We present the architecture, implementation, and a user trial of an end-to-end TDP system called TUBE. TUBE creates a price-based feedback control loop between an ISP and its end users. On the ISP side, it computes TDP prices so as to balance the cost of congestion during peak periods with that of offering lower prices in less congested periods. On mobile devices, it provides a graphical user interface that allows users to respond to the offered prices either by themselves or using an "autopilot" mode. We conducted a pilot TUBE trial with 50 iPhone or iPad 3G data users, who were charged according to our TDP algorithms. Our results show that TDP benefits both operators and customers, flattening the temporal fluctuation of demand while allowing users to save money by choosing the time and volume of their usage.
Components of Blood Pressure and Risk of Atherothrombotic Brain Infarction: The Framingham Study

From a study of the evolution of atherothrombotic brain infarction (ABI) in the Framingham cohort of 5,209 men and women over 18 years of follow-up, it has been ascertained that hypertension is the most common and most powerful precursor. Atherothrombotic brain infarction developed in hypertensive patients seven times more often than in normotensive patients, and the risk was proportional to the blood pressure throughout its range. Various components of blood pressure, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, lability of pressure, mean arterial pressure and tension-time index, were analyzed in relation to ABI incidence. While all measures were associated with ABI incidence, the simple casual systolic pressure emerged as good a predictor of ABI incidence as any other component of the pressure. The other measures added very little to risk.
Naturally Occurring Incompatibilities between Different Culex pipiens pallens Populations as the Basis of Potential Mosquito Control Measures

Background Vector-borne diseases remain a threat to public health, especially in tropical countries. The incompatible insect technique has been explored as a potential control strategy for several important insect vectors. However, this strategy has not been tested in Culex pipiens pallens, the most prevalent mosquito species in China. Previous works used introgression to generate new strains that matched the genetic backgrounds of target populations while harboring a new Wolbachia endosymbiont, resulting in mating competitiveness and cytoplasmic incompatibility. The generation of these incompatible insects is often time-consuming, and the long-term stability of the newly created insect-Wolbachia symbiosis is uncertain. Considering the wide distribution of Cx. pipiens pallens and hence possible isolation of different populations, we sought to test for incompatibilities between natural populations and the possibility of exploiting these incompatibilities as a control strategy. Methodology/Principal Findings Three field populations were collected from three geographic locations in eastern China. Reciprocal cross results showed that bi-directional patterns of incompatibility existed between some populations. Mating competition experiments indicated that incompatible males could compete with cognate males in mating with females, leading to reduced overall fecundity. F1 offspring from incompatible crosses maintained their maternal crossing types. All three populations tested positive for Wolbachia. Removal of Wolbachia by tetracycline rendered matings between these populations fully compatible. Conclusions/Significance Our findings indicate that naturally occurring patterns of cytoplasmic incompatibility between Cx. pipiens pallens populations can be the basis of a control strategy for this important vector species. The observed incompatibilities are caused by Wolbachia. More tests including field trials are warranted to evaluate the feasibility of this strategy as a supplement to other control measures.
Nonlinear Dynamics of Livestock Assets: Evidence from Ethiopia

Recent research on the intertemporal dynamics of poverty using microeconomic data often hints at the existence of poverty traps, where some find themselves trapped at a low-level stable equilibrium while others enjoy a higher stable equilibrium. Without a sizable positive shock to well-being, those trapped at the low equilibrium will not automatically outgrow destitution, but merely fluctuate around that low-level equilibrium. Given the dramatic policy consequences implied by such a theory, knowledge about the location of the different equilibria would be extremely helpful. In this paper, we explore the possibilities of threshold-type models to identify those crucial parameters. We illustrate the method by searching for traps in the dynamics of livestock asset holdings in rural Ethiopia. We find evidence of distribution-dependent dynamics and multiple equilibria for tropical livestock units.
Genetic control and combining ability of flag leaf area and relative water content traits of bread wheat cultivars under drought stress condition

In order to compare mode of inheritance, combining ability, heterosis and gene action in genetic control of traits flag leaf area, relative water content and grain filling rate of bread wheat under drought stress, a study was conducted on 8 cultivars using of Griffing’s method2 in fixed model. Mean square of general combining ability was significant also for all traits and mean square of specific combining ability was significant also for all traits except relative water content of leaf which show importance of both additive and dominant effects of genes in heredity of these traits under stress. GCA to SCA mean square ratio was significant for none of traits. Results of this study showed that non additive effects of genes were more important than additive effect for all traits. According to results we can understand that genetic improvement of mentioned traits will have low genetic efficiency by selection from the best crosses of early generations. Then it is better to delay selection until advanced generations and increase in heritability of these traits.
Prospective Association of Common Eating Disorders and Adverse Outcomes

OBJECTIVE: Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa (BN) are rare, but eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS) are relatively common among female participants. Our objective was to evaluate whether BN and subtypes of EDNOS are predictive of developing adverse outcomes. METHODS: This study comprised a prospective analysis of 8594 female participants from the ongoing Growing Up Today Study. Questionnaires were sent annually from 1996 through 2001, then biennially through 2007 and 2008. Participants who were 9 to 15 years of age in 1996 and completed at least 2 consecutive questionnaires between 1996 and 2008 were included in the analyses. Participants were classified as having BN (≥weekly binge eating and purging), binge eating disorder (BED; ≥weekly binge eating, infrequent purging), purging disorder (PD; ≥weekly purging, infrequent binge eating), other EDNOS (binge eating and/or purging monthly), or nondisordered. RESULTS: BN affected ∼1% of adolescent girls; 2% to 3% had PD and another 2% to 3% had BED. Girls with BED were almost twice as likely as their nondisordered peers to become overweight or obese (odds ratio [OR]: 1.9 [95% confidence interval: 1.0–3.5]) or develop high depressive symptoms (OR: 2.3 [95% confidence interval: 1.0–5.0]). Female participants with PD had a significantly increased risk of starting to use drugs (OR: 1.7) and starting to binge drink frequently (OR: 1.8). CONCLUSIONS: PD and BED are common and predict a range of adverse outcomes. Primary care clinicians should be made aware of these disorders, which may be underrepresented in eating disorder clinic samples. Efforts to prevent eating disorders should focus on cases of subthreshold severity.