Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Injection Grout for Deep Repositories- Low-pH Cementitious Grout for Larger Fractures: Testing Technical Performance of Materials

The object of the work was to design at least one cement based grout for the injection of ONKALO and the Finnish and Swedish repositories for nuclear waste that would meet given requirements listed below: Required properties: 1. pH ≤ 11 2. Penetration-ability bmin ≤ 80 μm 3. Penetration-ability bcrit ≤ 120 μm Desired properties: 4. Viscosity ≤ 50 mPas 5. Bleeding ≤ 10% 6. Workability time ≥ 60 min 7. Shear strength at 6 hours ≥ 500 Pa 8. Yield value ≤ 5 Pa 9. Compressive strength at 28 d ≥ 4 MPa In addition general requirements not expressed numerically were given. Those were durability as well as availability and known history in practical engineering. The four candidate grouting systems (binder material combinations) studied in this work were as follows: 1. Ordinary Portland Cement Silica Fume (OPC+SF) 2. Blast furnace slag (Slag) 3. Super sulphate cement (SSC) 4. Low Alkali Cement (LAC) LAC was cement product developed in Japan for low-pH concrete. Its suitability for grouting was tested without varying the product mineral composition. Mix modifications concerning only water to dry materials ratio as well as retarder dosage were made. Within those limits the product was not found suitable for grouting. As for the other systems, generally all the requirements were met in laboratory conditions except for the yield value (related to rheology). The compressive strength requirement was not included to the original requirements. It was set after the project had been proceeding for a few months. The compressive strength of the mixes that were selected to the pH tests before the strength requirement was set were slightly below the requirement.
Seagrass Canopy Photosynthetic Response Is a Function of Canopy Density and Light Environment: A Model for Amphibolis griffithii

A three-dimensional computer model of canopies of the seagrass Amphibolis griffithii was used to investigate the consequences of variations in canopy structure and benthic light environment on leaf-level photosynthetic saturation state. The model was constructed using empirical data of plant morphometrics from a previously conducted shading experiment and validated well to in-situ data on light attenuation in canopies of different densities. Using published values of the leaf-level saturating irradiance for photosynthesis, results show that the interaction of canopy density and canopy-scale photosynthetic response is complex and non-linear, due to the combination of self-shading and the non-linearity of photosynthesis versus irradiance (P-I) curves near saturating irradiance. Therefore studies of light limitation in seagrasses should consider variation in canopy structure and density. Based on empirical work, we propose a number of possible measures for canopy scale photosynthetic response that can be plotted to yield isoclines in the space of canopy density and light environment. These plots can be used to interpret the significance of canopy changes induced as a response to decreases in the benthic light environment: in some cases canopy thinning can lead to an equivalent leaf level light environment, in others physiological changes may also be required but these alone may be inadequate for canopy survival. By providing insight to these processes the methods developed here could be a valuable management tool for seagrass conservation during dredging or other coastal developments.
Fatigue Strength of Plain and Notched Specimens of Short Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone (In Comparison with Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone)

In this paper, rotating-bending fatigue tests for short carbon-fiber reinforced poly-ether-ether-ketone (CFRPEEK) were carried out to investigate the fatigue characteristics of plain and notched specimens at room temperature. The fatigue mechanism in the composite was clarified through successive surface observations using the plastic replica method. The results were compared with those of poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK). In the case of the PEEK, the fatigue crack growth rate was very high and the fatigue strength was very sensitive to a notch. In the case of the CFRPEEK, the fatigue crack growth rate was much lower than that of PEEK, and the fatigue strength was much more insensitive to a notch than that of PEEK. The fatigue crack initiated from near the fiber end, and propagated in the circumferential direction after it grew to some extent along the fiber.
Characteristics of lubrication at nano scale on the performance of transversely rough slider bearing

Efforts have been made within film lubrication at nano scale of a slider bearing. Bacally, the combination of the properties of surfalubricant and viscosity of the lubricant are red molecule dominate the fluid field. The rough-ness of the surfaces is characterized by a random variable with non zero mean, variance and skewness. The associ-ated Reynolds’ equation is then stochastically averaged and solved with suitable boundary conditions to get the pressure distributions which in turn, lead to the calculation of load carrying capacity. It is observed that the effect of transverse roughness is adverse in general. However, this negative effect is relatively less when considered with thin film lubrication for lower and moderate values of film thickness at maximum film pressure. The negatively skewed roughness increases the load carrying capacity substantially, which gets further increased in the case of negative variance. It is established that load carrying ca-pacity increases due to the thin film lubrication at nano scale. The existence of couple stress enhances the load carrying capacity. Besides, the characteristic length con-tributing to the couple stress increases the load carrying capacity considerably while the friction decreases. Size dependent effects are observed in the lubrication with cou-ple stress and the thinner the lubrication film is the more obvious becomes the effect.
SEPARATION OF L-TRYPTOPHAN PRESENT IN AN AROMATIC AMINO ACIDS MIXTURE IN A FOUR-COLUMN SIMULATED MOVING BED: EXPERIMENTAL AND SIMULATION STUDIES

An experimental and theoretical study is presented for the fractionation of L-Tryptophan (Trp) from L-phenylalanine (Phe) and L-tyrosine (Tyr). A Simulated-Moving Bed (SMB) with four-column system was tested, and the results are presented as effluent histories of the raffinate and extract ports. L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine were recovered as major products in the raffinate, while L-Tryptophan was recovered at the extract. To simulate the L-Tryptophan separation, a general rate model was used to represent the mass transfer phenomena that occur in each individual column of the SMB, for each solute present in the multicomponent system. A hybrid method was used to solve the model. An analytic solution was used for the intra-particle concentration, and was correlated to the liquid bed concentration by Duhamel's theorem. The results from simulation are compared with the experimental data presented in this work.
Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Kenyan Adolescents With the Sickle Cell Trait

Abstract The potential association between sickle cell trait (SCT) and increased arterial stiffness/blood pressure (BP) has not been evaluated in detail despite its association with stroke, sudden death, and renal disease. We performed 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring and arterial stiffness measurements in adolescents raised in a malaria-free environment in Kenya. Between December 2015 and June 2016, 938 randomly selected adolescents (ages 11–17 years) who had been continuous residents of Nairobi from birth were invited to participate in the study. Standard clinic BP measurement was performed, followed by 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring and arterial stiffness measurement using an Arteriograph24 (TensioMed Ltd., Budapest, Hungary) device. SCT status was determined using DNA genotyping in contemporaneously collected blood samples. Of the 938 adolescents invited to participate, 609 (65%) provided complete data for analysis. SCT was present in 103 (15%). Mean 24-hour systolic and diastolic BPs were 116 (standard deviation (SD), 11.5) mm Hg and 64 (SD, 7) mm Hg, respectively, in children with SCT and 117 (SD, 11.4) mm Hg and 64 (SD, 6.8) mm Hg, respectively, in non-SCT children. Mean pulse wave velocity (PWV) was 7.1 (SD, 0.8) m/second and 7.0 (SD, 0.8) m/second in SCT and non-SCT children, respectively. We observed no differences in PWV or in any clinic or ambulatory BP-derived measures between adolescents with and without SCT. These data suggest that SCT does not independently influence BP or PWV.
The Crystal Structures of Ti2Cu, Ti2Ni, Ti4Ni2O, and Ti4Cu2O

The crystal structures of Ti2Cu, Ti2Ni, Ti4Ni2O, and Ti4Cu2O were determined using powder specimens examined by x-ray and neutron diffraction. Lattice constants were determined for all four phases using x-ray powder diffraction films. Atom positional parameters of all four phases were determined from observed neutron intensities. X-ray diffraction calculated intensity data were presented also for the phase Ti/sub 2/Cu to point out the particular suitability of neutron diffraction in this case. Interatomic distances were determined using the positional parameters obtained from neutron diffraction.
oint effects of sensory feedback and interoceptive awareness on onscious error detection : Evidence from event related brain

Error awareness has been argued to depend on sensory feedback and interoceptive awareness (IA) (Ullsperger, Harsay, Wessel, & Ridderinkhof, 2010). We recorded EEG while participants performed a speeded Go/No-Go task in which they signaled error commission. Visibility of the effector was manipulated, while IA was measured with a heartbeat perception task. The late Pe was larger for aware than unaware errors. The ERN was also found to be modulated by error awareness, but only when the hand was visible, suggesting that its sensitivity to error awareness depends on the availability of visual sensory
Rotation-Insensitive and Context-Augmented Object Detection in Remote Sensing Images

Most of the existing deep-learning-based methods are difficult to effectively deal with the challenges faced for geospatial object detection such as rotation variations and appearance ambiguity. To address these problems, this paper proposes a novel deep-learning-based object detection framework including region proposal network (RPN) and local-contextual feature fusion network designed for remote sensing images. Specifically, the RPN includes additional multiangle anchors besides the conventional multiscale and multiaspect-ratio ones, and thus can deal with the multiangle and multiscale characteristics of geospatial objects. To address the appearance ambiguity problem, we propose a double-channel feature fusion network that can learn local and contextual properties along two independent pathways. The two kinds of features are later combined in the final layers of processing in order to form a powerful joint representation. Comprehensive evaluations on a publicly available ten-class object detection data set demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Processing and characterization of fire-retardant modified polystyrene/functional graphite composites

In the current endeavor, polystyrene (PS) was first functionalized to get nitro-substituted polystyrene (PS-NO2) and then the matrix was further modified into an amino-functional polystyrene (PS-NH2). Later the effect of addition of acid functional graphite (F-G) on the mechanical, thermal, morphological, and non-flammability properties of composite series (PS/F-G 0.01–0.5, PS-NO2/F-G 0.01–0.5, and PS-NH2/F-G 0.01–0.5) was scrutinized. The composites were prepared using solution processing and melt blending. According to FESEM, the solution mixing of graphite prevented the nano-filler aggregation in the matrix relative to melt-processed hybrids. There was considerable augment in the tensile strength and tensile modulus of solution-processed amino-functional material (32.8–39.6 MPa and 3.8–5.7 GPa, respectively) with functional graphite loading relative to PS/F-G 0.01–0.5 and PS-NO2/F-G 0.01–0.5 prepared. Adding up of F-G also improved the thermal stability of solution-processed composites, and the enhancement was maximum in the case of PS-NH2/F-G 0.01–0.5 with 10% weight loss in the range 446–477 °C. In solution system, cone calorimetry results show a decrease in the PHHR values of the composites relative to pure PS and nitro-functional matrix. PS-NH2/F-G 0.5 had PHHR value of 462 kW/m2, and the reduction of HRR values was also escorted by decrease in ignition time. Thermal, mechanical, and non-flammability results of solution-processed systems were found to be enhanced compared with melt-blended system depicting the advantage of the technique used.
Effect of Carrot Powder on the Quality Attributes of Fibre-Enriched Spent Hen Meat Cutlets

The present study was envisaged to develop fibre-enriched chicken meat cutlets with the incorporation of carrot powder. Chicken meat cutlets incorporating four levels of carrot powder viz. 0% (control), 2.0% (T1), 4.0% (T2) and 6.0% (T3), were prepared by replacing lean meat with carrot powder in the basic formulation of chicken meat cutlets. The developed cutlets were evaluated for various parameters such as proximate, physicochemical, instrumental texture and colour profile, and sensory attributes. The moisture, dietary fibre, cooking yield increased significantly (P<0.05) whereas fat content decreased significantly with the increasing levels of carrot powder. The dimensional parameters were better maintained in the treated groups than control. Hardness value of the cutlet increased significantly (P<0.05) upon the incorporation of carrot powder and the values for T2 and T3 were significantly higher (P<0.05) than T1. Increasing trend was also observed in a* values with increase in the incorporation level of carrot powder which might be due to red colour of carrot powder. The overall acceptability scores of the chicken meat cutlet with 4% carrot powder was significantly (P<0.05) higher than control and other treatment products.
Response of Potato (Solanum Tuberosum) to Foliar Application of Iron , Manganese, Copper and Zinc

In order to study the influence of foliar application of Zinc , Manganese,Copper and Iron on yield and dry matter percentage of potato crop, an experiment was conducted at AL-Qaam Agriculture research station, AL-Anbar province , Iraq. The experiment was a factorial in randomized complete block design whit four replication in 2011. Treatments were foliar application of micronutrients : control (no foliar application) , half concentration and full concentration . Solutions were sprayed 10 days before flowering , during flowering and 20 days after flowering. Plants were harvested after ripened and plant characteristics including tuber weight, number of tuber per plant, tuber yield, and percent of dry matter, were measured. Results showed that Zn , Mn, Fe and Cu application increased all plant characteristics relating to yield components , yield and dry matter percentage of potato crop. Application of full micronutrients mixture increased yield to 22.89 ton ha - 1 which, was 8.74% higher compare with control. However application of half concentration decreased yield of potato tuber to 20.01 ton ha -1 . Results of ANOVA showed significant effect of Application date on mean weight of tuber and tuber yield. application of micronutrients mixture during flowering increased tuber yield in compare with application of of micronutrient mixture at 10 days before flowering and 20 days after flowering up to 13.74 and 16.18% ,respectively. The interaction(concentration x application date ) was significant , Foliar application of full concentration during flowering increased number of tuber per plant ,mean weight of tuber ,tuber yield and dry matter percentage . In conclusion, we can improve the yield of tubers by application of micronutrients mixture during flowering.
The ICP-based controllability criterion and its application to bipedal walking control

In this paper, we define n-step controllability based on the concept of Instantaneous Capture Point (ICP). First, we analyze the underlying constraints of the controllability. A closed-form expression of the controllable region is then derived, providing a concise controllability criterion. This criterion also indicates the upper bound of ICP controller's performance. Furthermore, we introduce an objective function and propose new ICP controllers, which can approach the upper bound, with the analytical solution of the constrained optimization. Simulations are conducted to verify the proposed criterion and ICP controllers.
Damage identification in carbon fiber reinforced polymer plates using electrical resistance tomography mapping

This study addresses the issue of structural damage identification and location in carbon fiber reinforced polymer plates using electrical measurements. Electrical resistance tomography is presented as a method for structural damage localization in composite parts. A set of electrodes is fixed on the edges of the part and combinations of DC current injections and voltage measurements are applied to the system. The change of voltage between different times in the part’s service life (e.g. start and degraded) are monitored. These sets of measurements are used as input to inversely calculate conductivity maps for the complete composite part and thus indirectly assess its structural health. Such processes are inherently ill-posed. Data post-processing approaches are proposed here to diminish this uncertainty and to conclude to an optimally converge solution of the inverse problem. To assist the process, a material-originating mathematical constraint is introduced. The method is applied on carbon fiber reinforced polymer plates for different damage modes. Experimental recordings show that the analysis of electrical fields allows detecting the presence of damage. Discontinuities as small as 0.1% of the inspected area can be sensed. The proposed data post-processing techniques were applied and conductivity maps were calculated. The results show that using these techniques locating damage is possible with less than 10% error. Material-based constraints greatly enhance the prediction of the data post-processing techniques. It is believed that by overcoming certain implementation issues, electrical resistance tomography could evolve in the direction of a non-destructive evaluation or a structural health monitoring technique for composite structures.
Impacts of the substrate medium on tomato yield and fruit quality in soilless cultivation

The performance and suitability of different substrates for the soilless culture of tomato plants ( Lycopersi- cum esculentum Mill., cv. Belladona) were studied over a 5-month period in a closed soilless culture system employing five different substrates (perlite, pumice or maize and their mixtures with 50% shredded maize stems in an unheated glasshouse). Plants grown in a maize stem-containing medium produced earlier fruits, followed by pumice. Plants grown in pumice and perlite substrates obtained lower total yield; a higher yield was associated with the addition of maize shredded stems. Pumice + 50% maize and 100% maize produced higher total number of fruits per plant. Fruit quality parameters such as mean fruit weight, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and carotenoids were influenced by the treatment, while EC, pH and dry matter content were not. The results suggest that the addition of maize in perlite and pumice could improve inorganic substrates properties for tomato soilless culture, leading to higher yields and better fruit quality.
Understanding the Layperson's Perception of Prayer: A Prototype Analysis of Prayer

The objective of the current studies was to utilize prototype analysis to foster a better understanding of lay concepts of prayer. In four studies, we found evidence that concepts of prayer are indeed prototypically organized. In Study 1, participants listed features of prayer. In Study 2, participants reliably rated the centrality of these features. In Study 3, participants perceived behaviors described in a scenario as better characterizing prayer when central, as opposed to peripheral, features were used in the description. In Study 4, participants remembered, both correctly and falsely, more central than peripheral features in a narrative describing the use of prayer. The practical implications of these results are discussed.
Metabolism and the Evolution of Social Behavior

Abstract How does metabolism influence social behavior? This fundamental question at the interface of molecular biology and social evolution is hard to address with experiments in animals, and therefore, we turned to a simple microbial system: swarming in the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using genetic engineering, we excised a locus encoding a key metabolic regulator and disrupted P. aeruginosa’s metabolic prudence, the regulatory mechanism that controls expression of swarming public goods and protects this social behavior from exploitation by cheaters. Then, using experimental evolution, we followed the joint evolution of the genome, the metabolome and the social behavior as swarming re-evolved. New variants emerged spontaneously with mutations that reorganized the metabolome and compensated in distinct ways for the disrupted metabolic prudence. These experiments with a unicellular organism provide a detailed view of how metabolism—currency of all physiological processes—can determine the costs and benefits of a social behavior and ultimately influence how an organism behaves towards other organisms of the same species.
Website-Targeted False Content Injection by Network Operators

It is known that some network operators inject false content into users' network traffic. Yet all previous works that investigate this practice focus on edge ISPs (Internet Service Providers), namely, those that provide Internet access to end users. Edge ISPs that inject false content affect their customers only. However, in this work we show that not only edge ISPs may inject false content, but also core network operators. These operators can potentially alter the traffic of \emph{all} Internet users who visit predetermined websites. We expose this practice by inspecting a large amount of traffic originating from several networks. Our study is based on the observation that the forged traffic is injected in an out-of-band manner: the network operators do not update the network packets in-path, but rather send the forged packets \emph{without} dropping the legitimate ones. This creates a race between the forged and the legitimate packets as they arrive to the end user. This race can be identified and analyzed. Our analysis shows that the main purpose of content injection is to increase the network operators' revenue by inserting advertisements to websites. Nonetheless, surprisingly, we have also observed numerous cases of injected malicious content. We publish representative samples of the injections to facilitate continued analysis of this practice by the security community.