Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Angle droop versus frequency droop in a voltage source converter based autonomous microgrid

This paper compares the performance of angle and frequency droops in an autonomous microgrid that only contains voltage source converter (VSC) interfaced distributed generators (DGs). As a VSC can instantaneously change output voltage waveform, power sharing in a microgrid is possible by controlling the output voltage angle of the DGs through droop. The angle droop is able to provide proper load sharing among the DGs without a significant steady state frequency drop in the system. It is shown that the frequency variation with the frequency droop controller is significantly higher than that with the angle droop controller. The angle droop controller is derived from DC load flow. Both the angle and frequency droop controllers are designed through eigenvalue analysis. The performance of these two controllers is then performed through PSCAD simulations.
Effect of Monthly, High-Dose, Long-Term Vitamin D on Lung Function: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Although observational studies suggest positive vitamin D-lung function associations, randomized trials are inconsistent. We examined effects of vitamin D supplementation on lung function. We recruited 442 adults (50–84 years, 58% male) into a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Participants received, for 1.1 years (median; range = 0.9–1.5 years), either (1) vitamin D3 200,000 IU, followed by monthly 100,000 IU doses (n = 226); or (2) placebo monthly (n = 216). At baseline and follow-up, spirometry yielded forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1; primary outcome). Mean (standard deviation) 25-hydroxyvitamin D increased from 61 (24) nmol/L at baseline to 119 (45) nmol/L at follow-up in the vitamin D group, but was unchanged in the placebo group. There were no significant lung function improvements (vitamin D versus placebo) in the total sample, vitamin D-deficient participants or asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) participants. However, among ever-smokers (n = 217), the mean (95% confidence interval) FEV1 increase in the vitamin D versus placebo was 57 (4, 109) mL (p = 0.03). FEV1 increases were larger among vitamin D-deficient ever-smokers (n = 54): 122 (8, 236) mL (p = 0.04). FEV1 improvements were largest among ever-smokers with asthma/COPD (n = 60): 160 (53, 268) mL (p = 0.004). Thus, vitamin D supplementation did not improve lung function among everyone, but benefited ever-smokers, especially those with vitamin D deficiency or asthma/COPD.
A species-specific primer pair for distinguishing between Paramisgurnus dabryanus and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus based on mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms

Abstract Paramisgurnus dabryanus and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (family Cobitidae) are loaches with high morphological similarity. In this study, we designed primers to distinguish between Paramisgurnus dabryanus and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus based on the length differences in the mitochondrial COXII to tRNALys gene region. Samples of P. dabryanus and M. anguillicaudatus from different geographical locations were collected and amplified to verify primer specificity. The results of electrophoresis revealed the successful amplification of all P. dabryanus and M. anguillicaudatus DNA samples, which had distinct, specific-specific sizes (214 bp for P. dabryanus and 285 bp for M. anguillicaudatus). In conclusion, the new primers provide fast, reliable, and accurate identification between P. dabryanus and M. anguillicaudatus.
Assessing Whether Black Uniforms Affect the Decisions of Turkish Soccer Referees: Is Finding of Frank and Gilovich's Study Valid for Turkish Culture?

Frank and Gilovich (1988) found that teams with black uniforms were penalized by referees more than other teams that did not wear black uniforms in the U.S. National Football League (NFL), and the U.S. National Hockey League (NHL). This finding was examined for the referees in the Turkish Premier Soccer League (TPSL) for the soccer teams wearing or not wearing black uniforms during actual games. 30 male referees' (ages 22–45 years, M = 34.8) decisions were analyzed in a total of 2,142 Turkish premier soccer league games played in 7 seasons. Using the number of red and yellow cards and penalty kicks teams drew as a penalty decision criteria, no significant differences were found between Turkish soccer teams wearing black uniforms or those not and the number of penalty kicks. This result, which was different from that of Frank and Gilovich's work, was discussed in relation to the social psychological point of view of different cultures and societies.
Rotavirus Serum IgA Immune Response in Children Receiving Rotarix Coadministered With bOPV or IPV

Background: Vaccine schedules including bivalent oral and inactivated poliovirus vaccines will replace trivalent oral poliovirus vaccines in 2016. Methods: We evaluated rotavirus immunoglobulin A seroresponses when the second dose of Rotarix at 16 weeks was given concomitantly with inactivated or bivalent oral poliovirus vaccines. Results: Rotavirus immunoglobulin A seroresponse rate at week 28 was 15% lower in recipients of bivalent oral poliovirus vaccines compared with inactivated poliovirus vaccines. Conclusion: Bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine decreases rotavirus IgA seroresponse rates when coadministered at 16 weeks of age.
Role of YAP-1 in Thyroid Tumor Progression and Outcome

Context: Yes-associated protein-1 (YAP-1) is a player of the Hippo pathway and is involved in regulating cell proliferation. YAP-1 is overexpressed in papillary and anaplastic thyroid cancers. However, a correlation between YAP-1 expression and outcome in thyroid carcinoma has not been conclusively demonstrated. Objective: This study was designed to clarify whether YAP-1 may be considered a marker of worse prognosis and outcome in thyroid cancer. Design: A large series of cases of thyroid cancer with a long follow-up were investigated for YAP-1 expression. Setting: The study was carried out in the Pathology section of a referral Italian center for Endocrine Surgery and Endocrinology. Patients or Other Participants: The study included a consecutive series of 105 patients who underwent thyroidectomy from 1985 to 1992. The mean follow-up was 15 years. For all patients, clinicopathologic features were considered. All patients completed the study. The study also included a consecutive series of 52 patients who underwent thyroidectomy from 2012 to 2013 in order to analyze more deeply the correlation of YAP-1expression with BRAF mutation. Intervention: The 105 thyroid tumors were immunohistochemically investigated for YAP-1 expression. Outcome Measures: We expected a correlation between YAP-1 expression and worse prognosis. Results: Among 105 tumors, 77 scored positive for YAP-1 expression, of which 68 papillary thyroid carcinomas and 9 anaplastic thyroid carcinomas were YAP-1 positive. The correlation of YAP-1 expression with clinicopathologic characteristics was significant for the absence of a tumoral capsule, gender, and extrathyroid invasion. Interestingly, significant correlations were found between YAP-1 and both persistence of disease and death from carcinoma. Conclusions: The data show an association of YAP-1 expression with worse clinicopathologic features of thyroid tumors that seem to have a specific impact on outcome.
PRICE DISCOVERY MECHANISMS AND ALTERNATIVES FOR CANADIAN AGRICULTURE; Part III: Applying Pricing Mechanisms

The general objective of this paper is to demonstrate the use of an innovative pricing mechanism observed from the literature in a context relevant to Canadian agriculture. The specific objectives are: · To select relevant pricing mechanisms from Parts I and II, and to select candidate applications · To describe the operation of the pricing mechanism in application · To describe the application in taxonomy developed in Part I.
EFFECTS OF THE EARNED INCOME TAX CREDIT ON INCOME AND WELFARE

This paper uses the familiar static labor supply model to estimate the effects of the earned income tax credit (EITC) on disposable money income and welfare for the recipient population. Since about two-thirds of recipients, and 84 percent of total earnings, are in the phase-out range of the program, the emphasis is on this group. Using average values for compensated wage elasticities and total income elasticities from the empirical literature, it is estimated that nearly half of recipients in the phase-out range will reduce earnings enough so that their total disposable money incomes decline. In addition, the marginal net benefit averages less than 50 cents per dollar of program cost for this group.
Diagnostic Accuracy of the FIGO and the 5-Tier Fetal Heart Rate Classification Systems in the Detection of Neonatal Acidemia

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to determine ability to detect neonatal acidemia and interobserver agreement with the FIGO 3-tier and 5-tier fetal heart rate (FHR) classification systems. Design This was a case–control study. Setting This study was set at the University Medical Center. Population A total of 202 FHR tracings of 102 women who delivered an acidemic fetus (umbilical arterial cord gas pH ≤ 7.10 and BE < − 8) and 100 who delivered a nonacidemic fetus (umbilical arterial cord gas pH > 7.10) were assessed. A subanalysis was performed for those fetuses who suffered severe metabolic acidemia (pH ≤ 7.0 and BE < − 12). Methods Two reviewers blind to clinical and outcome data classified tracings according to the new 3-tier system proposed by the FIGO and the 5-tier system proposed by Parer and Ikeda. Main Outcome Measures Sensitivity and specificity for detecting neonatal acidemia and interobserver agreement in classifying FHR tracings into categories of both systems were studied. Results The 3-tier system showed a greater sensitivity and lower specificity to detect neonatal acidemia (43.6% sensitivity, 82.5% specificity) and severe metabolic acidemia (71.4% sensitivity, 74.0% specificity) compared with the 5-tier system (36.3% sensitivity, 88% specificity and 61.9% sensitivity, 80.1% specificity, respectively). Both systems were compared by area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, with comparable predictive ability for detecting neonatal acidemia (FIGO—area under the curve [AUC]: 0.63 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57–0.68] and Parer—AUC: 0.62 [95% CI: 0.56–0.67]). Interobserver agreement was moderate for both systems, but performance at each specific category showed a better agreement for the 5-tier system identifying a pathological tracing (orange or red, κ: 0.625 vs. pathological category, κ: 0.538). Conclusion Both systems presented a comparable ability to predict neonatal acidemia, although the 5-tier system showed a better interobserver agreement identifying pathological tracings.
Recalling Sexual Partners: The Accuracy of Self-Reports

Accuracy of recall of the number of sexual partners individuals had over a period of one month, three months, six months and one year was studied in a group of 285 young, single, heterosexual adults. Self-reports of the number of partners were obtained on a weekly basis and then compared with recall of behavior over longer time periods that overlapped the weekly measures. For individuals who claimed abstinence or who claimed to be monogamous, accuracy of recall was relatively high, especially at the shorter time frames. Level of education was related to accuracy for claimed abstainers, such that lower levels of education were associated with lower accuracy of recall. Accuracy rates for individuals who reported having multiple sexual partners tended to be lower and were found to be related to one’s propensity to engage in casual sex.
Post-deployment family violence among UK military personnel

Abstract Background Research into violence among military personnel has not differentiated between stranger- and family-directed violence. While military factors (combat exposure and post-deployment mental health problems) are risk factors for general violence, there has been limited research on their impact on violence within the family environment. This study aims to compare the prevalence of family-directed and stranger-directed violence among a deployed sample of UK military personnel and to explore risk factors associated with both family- and stranger-directed violence. Method This study utilised data from a large cohort study which collected information by questionnaire from a representative sample of randomly selected deployed UK military personnel (n = 6711). Results The prevalence of family violence immediately following return from deployment was 3.6% and 7.8% for stranger violence. Family violence was significantly associated with having left service, while stranger violence was associated with younger age, male gender, being single, having a history of antisocial behaviour as well as having left service. Deployment in a combat role was significantly associated with both family and stranger violence after adjustment for confounders [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.92 (1.25–2.94), p = 0.003 and aOR = 1.77 (1.31–2.40), p < 0.001, respectively], as was the presence of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, common mental disorders and aggression. Conclusions Exposure to combat and post-deployment mental health problems are risk factors for violence both inside and outside the family environment and should be considered in violence reduction programmes for military personnel. Further research using a validated measurement tool for family violence would improve comparability with other research.
Metabolite pools and carbon flow during C4 photosynthesis in maize: 13CO2 labeling kinetics and cell type fractionation

Abstract Worldwide efforts to engineer C4 photosynthesis into C3 crops require a deep understanding of how this complex pathway operates. CO2 is incorporated into four‐carbon metabolites in the mesophyll, which move to the bundle sheath where they are decarboxylated to concentrate CO2 around RuBisCO. We performed dynamic 13CO2 labeling in maize to analyze C flow in C4 photosynthesis. The overall labeling kinetics reflected the topology of C4 photosynthesis. Analyses of cell‐specific labeling patterns after fractionation to enrich bundle sheath and mesophyll cells revealed concentration gradients to drive intercellular diffusion of malate, but not pyruvate, in the major CO2‐concentrating shuttle. They also revealed intercellular concentration gradients of aspartate, alanine, and phosphenolpyruvate to drive a second phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)‐type shuttle, which carries 10‐14% of the carbon into the bundle sheath. Gradients also exist to drive intercellular exchange of 3‐phosphoglycerate and triose‐phosphate. There is rapid carbon exchange between the Calvin‐Benson cycle and the CO2‐concentrating shuttle, equivalent to ˜10% of carbon gain. In contrast, very little C leaks from the large pools of metabolites in the C concentration shuttle into respiratory metabolism. We postulate that the presence of multiple shuttles, alongside carbon transfer between them and the Calvin‐Benson cycle, confers great flexibility in C4 photosynthesis.
Neural Networks for the Prediction of Species-Specific Plot Volumes Using Airborne Laser Scanning and Aerial Photographs

Parametric and nonparametric modeling methods have been widely used for the estimation of forest attributes from airborne laser-scanning data and aerial photographs. However, the methods adopted suffered from complex remote-sensed data structures involving high dimensions, nonlinear relationships, different statistical distributions, and outliers. In this context, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are of interest as they have many clear benefits over conventional modeling methods and could then enhance the accuracy of current forest-inventory methods. This paper examines the ability of common ANN modeling techniques for the prediction of species-specific forest attributes, as exemplified here with the prediction stem volumes (cubic meters per hectare) at the field plot and forest stand levels. Three modeling methods were evaluated, namely, the multilayer perceptron (MLP), support vector regression (SVR), and self-organizing map, and intercompared with the corresponding nonparametric k most similar neighbor method using cross-validated statistical performance indexes. To decrease the number of model-input variables, a multiobjective input-selection method based on genetic algorithm is adopted. The numerical results obtained in the study suggest that ANNs are appropriate and accurate methods for the assessment of species-specific forest attributes, which can be used as alternatives to multivariate linear regression and nonparametric nearest neighbor models. Among the ANN models, SVR and MLP provide the best choices for prediction purposes as they yielded high prediction accuracies for species-specific tree volumes throughout.
Multiple-contact representation for the real-time volume haptic rendering of a non-rigid object

This paper presents a fast haptic rendering method providing the sense of touch from a virtual volumetric non-rigid object when a human operator interacts with the object at multiple points. Previously, we have proposed a fast volume haptic rendering method based on the shape-retaining chain linked model (or the S-chain model) that can handle the deformation of a volumetric non-rigid object and its haptic feedback in real time. One of the key differences between the S-chain model and a traditional FEM or mass-spring model is that the computation of the deformation and its reflected force is performed at a local level. When there are more than one interaction points with the object, it is necessary to consider a modeling framework that can handle human operator's all inputs together. In this paper, we propose a modeling framework in which forces generated at interaction points are vectorially summed to deal with the multiple contact points. Our experiments demonstrate that our proposed method is suitable for the real-time volume haptic rendering of a volumetric non-rigid object with multiple-contact points.
On the value of deferred taxes

Abstract The value of the deferred tax liability or asset (DTL or DTA) has been questioned ever since inter-period tax allocation became generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Opponents of inter-period tax allocation argue that in a growing firm most components of the DTL, most notably depreciation, will never reverse or will reverse only in the far future, which reduces their present value to zero or very close to zero. In recent papers, Sansing (1998) and Guenther and Sansing (2000) claim that DTL and DTA have value, though the value does not depend on whether or when it reverses. In this study, I demonstrate that while certain components of the DTL (DTA) have value, the depreciation-related and similar components of the DTL (DTA) have no value whatsoever, irrespective of the reversal period of these temporary differences. I reconcile my results with those of Sansing (1998) and show that once the asset is properly valued at its value to the firm, the DTL becomes redundant. Finally, I show that for those deferred taxes that have value, it is the timing of tax cashflows rather than the timing of their reversal that affects their value. © City University of Hong Kong.
Who Develops Acute Stress Disorder after Accidental Injuries?

Background: Acute stress disorder (ASD) is still a much discussed diagnosis, and research on predictors of ASD is sparse. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of ASD in a random sample of accident victims and to investigate the associations between different independent variables and ASD symptomatology with the objective to find a regression model best explaining the variance in ASD symptom level. Methods: We collected a randomized sample of hospitalized accident victims (n = 323). ASD was assessed using the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire and the Clinician-Administered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale. Correlations and multiple regression analyses were computed with four groups of variables. This yielded the variables entered into a final multiple regression analysis. Results: Thirteen patients (4.0%) met all criteria for a diagnosis of ASD. Thirty-two patients (9.9%) met the criteria for a diagnosis of subsyndromal ASD. Thirty-eight percent of the variance in ASD symptom level was explained with a regression model including stay at the intensive care unit, preexisting psychiatric disorder, sense of coherence, sense of death threat, appraisal of accident severity, preventability of the accident by others, pain and appraisal of coping ability regarding physical recovery. Conclusions: This study furthers the discussion about the requirements for the ASD diagnosis. It also points to the importance of not only assessing objective accident-related variables in the aftermath of an accident but also of giving more consideration to the subjective experience and appraisal of the accident in the prevention of ASD.
An observational study of hand hygiene compliance in paediatric wards.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To measure healthcare workers', children's and visitors' hand hygiene compliance in a paediatric oncology ward and a paediatric respiratory ward in an English hospital. BACKGROUND Children are especially vulnerable to healthcare-associated infections, yet few studies have reported on hand hygiene compliance in paediatric clinical areas. DESIGN This was an observational study. METHOD We measured hand hygiene compliance over an eight-hour period in two hospital wards using the 'five moments of hand hygiene' observation tool. We monitored a total of 407 hand hygiene opportunities. RESULTS Overall opportunities for compliance were 74% for healthcare workers (n = 315) and children and visitors 23% (n = 92). Compliance was 84% for allied health professionals, 81% for doctors, 75% for nurses and 73% for ancillary and other staff. Hand hygiene compliance varied depending on which of the five moments of hygiene healthcare workers were undertaking (p < 0·001), with compliance before child contact 90% (140/155); after child contact 78% (89/114); after body fluid exposure 75% (3/4); and after surroundings contact 36% (15/42). For healthcare workers and visitors, there was no evidence of an association between time of day and their hand hygiene compliance, and for visitors to the oncology ward, hand hygiene compliance was higher (p < 0·05). CONCLUSION Owing to the nature of the clinical environments, we are unable to draw conclusions about children's hand hygiene compliance; however, visitors' compliance was low. Among healthcare workers, levels of compliance were higher compared with previous reported estimates. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Visitors had the lowest level of compliance yet owing to the nature of the clinical environments, nearly a quarter of care is delivered by them rather than healthcare workers, and so, this offers opportunities for specific future interventions aimed at families and carers.