Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autonomous Trust Establishment 1

Trust establishment in networks is the essential foundation for follow-on security mechanisms, such as key management and secure transmission. In this paper, we concentrate on self-organized, distributed and resource-constraint networks which pose formidable challenges on trust establishment due to lack of infrastructure and centralized servers. We model our trust establishment strategy as a local voting scheme and discuss its long run behavior. More specifically, we investigate the dynamic evolution of trust within the network, i.e. how trust spreads among nodes, via analyzing its convergence behavior. By theoretical analysis based on graph theory, we also find the conditions under which trust spreads to a maximum set of nodes and parameters that speed up or slow down this transition. keywords: Network, Trust Establishment, Security, Graph Theory
Anal Carcinoma

Anal carcinoma accounts for less than 2% of all gastrointestinal malignancies. The incidence of anal cancer is increasing and may be associated with an increase in anal receptive intercourse or higher number of sexual partners. Such behaviors have also increased the risk of infection with both HIV and human papilloma virus (HPV). HPV appears to induce dysplasia in the anal mucosa, which is readily detectable and treatable. The strong association of HPV has even spurred research into primary prevention in high-risk patients. Models suggest that screening in the highest risk patients would not only confer a survival benefit but also be cost effective. While the overall prognosis is only a 55% survival at 5 years, survival for localized disease remains near 80%. Traditional staging by cross-sectional imaging may be giving way to endorectal ultrasound and sentinel node biopsy. The standard of care for anal canal carcinoma is now combined modality therapy (CMT) with chemoradiation therapy obtaining excellent oncologic results as well as organ preservation. Advances in intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and brachytherapy have significantly decreased toxicity. Surgery improves survival in patients with persistent or residual disease Within the next decade, anal cancer may emerge as a preventable form of cancer.
Universities and collaboration within complex, uncertain knowledge-based economies

Abstract I suggest that outstanding scholarship, within the university sector, will continue to rely on smooth integration between teaching, industry collaboration and research. As such, I question the likelihood of a wholesale change in the nature of the University due to the well-known pressures emanating from innovations in the information and communications technology sector. In the critical accounting literature, research into the implications for accounting practice of market and technology uncertainty is increasingly prominent. One effect of this uncertainty is to draw marketing and innovation activities together more closely, in a strictly spatial sense. To identify this and other sources of “proximity effects" in the innovation process, I examine three contrasting theoretical perspectives: evolutionary economics, the new growth theory and transaction cost theory. I then review these approaches through the critical lens of a Hegelian Marxist reading of political economy. In addition, I review Keynesian perspectives on uncertainty and innovation and draw on two Marshallian notions: on one hand, the significance of economies that are external to the firm but internal to the industry; and on the other hand, the importance of the industrial milieu in reducing uncertainty. At the same time, I demonstrate that all of the above schools of thought describe powerful transformative forces that are working to promote cluster formation, networking and inter-firm collaboration. My discussion of proximity effects requires of me that I engage in an extended Foucaldian critique of the burgeoning knowledge-management literature. Finally, I link my findings to the core issue of the future of university, arguing that university research and industrial collaboration will inevitably continue to exhibit a strong regional and site-specific dependency.
Why's Everyone White? Moving toward Critical Pedagogy in an Elementary Classroom.

This paper discusses challenges initiated by first and second generation Latino and Chinese American fourth graders in an urban elementary school, toward the perspective of California history in the mandated Social Studies curriculum. The required text highlighted significant moments in California and United States history with limited, if any, acknowledgement of the many contributions and hardships of nonEuropean people. Through authentic dialogue (Freire, 1970) generated from the readings of counter-narratives of history (Loewen, 1995; Zinn, 1995) students recognized the exclusion of marginalized groups and questioned the validity of the text. They developed a critical perspective and constantly sought alternative sources of information from their communities, the Internet, and other texts. The classroom became a site for discussion that problematized dominant historical narratives and eventually led to the teacher’s pedagogical transformation.
Diagnosing ADHD from fMRI Scans Using Hidden Markov Models

This paper applies a hidden Markov model to the problem of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnosis from resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Image (fMRI) scans of subjects. The proposed model considers the temporal evolution of fMRI voxel activations in the cortex, cingulate gyrus, and thalamus regions of the brain in order to make a diagnosis. Four feature dimen- sionality reduction methods are applied to the fMRI scan: voxel means, voxel weighted means, principal components analysis, and kernel principal components analysis. Using principal components analysis and kernel principal components analysis for dimensionality reduction, the proposed algorithm yielded an accu- racy of 63.01% and 62.06%, respectively, on the ADHD-200 competition dataset when differentiating between healthy control, ADHD innattentive, and ADHD combined types.
Noisy Constrained Capacity

We study the classical problem of noisy constrained capacity in the case of the binary symmetric channel (BSC), namely, the capacity of a BSC whose input is a sequence from a constrained set. As stated in [4] ". while calculation of the noise-free capacity of constrained sequences is well known, the computation of the capacity of a constraint in the presence of noise . has been an unsolved problem in the half-century since Shannon's landmark paper . " We express the constrained capacity of a binary symmetric channel with (d, k)-constrained input as a limit of the top Lyapunov exponents of certain matrix random processes. We compute asymptotic approximations of the noisy constrained capacity for cases where the noise parameter epsiv is small. In particular, we show that when kles2d, the error term with respect to the constraint capacity is O(epsiv), whereas it is O(epsiv log epsiv) when k > 2d. In both cases, we compute the coefficient of the error term. We also extend previous results on the entropy of a hidden Markov process to higher-order finite memory processes.
Differential DNA Methylation in Umbilical Cord Blood of Infants Exposed to Low Levels of Arsenic in Utero

Background: There is increasing epidemiologic evidence that arsenic exposure in utero, even at low levels found throughout much of the world, is associated with adverse reproductive outcomes and may contribute to long-term health effects. Animal models, in vitro studies, and human cancer data suggest that arsenic may induce epigenetic alterations, specifically by altering patterns of DNA methylation. Objectives: In this study we aimed to identify differences in DNA methylation in cord blood samples of infants with in utero, low-level arsenic exposure. Methods: DNA methylation of cord-blood derived DNA from 134 infants involved in a prospective birth cohort in New Hampshire was profiled using the Illumina Infinium Methylation450K array. In utero arsenic exposure was estimated using maternal urine samples collected at 24–28 weeks gestation. We used a novel cell mixture deconvolution methodology for examining the association between inferred white blood cell mixtures in infant cord blood and in utero arsenic exposure; we also examined the association between methylation at individual CpG loci and arsenic exposure levels. Results: We found an association between urinary inorganic arsenic concentration and the estimated proportion of CD8+ T lymphocytes (1.18; 95% CI: 0.12, 2.23). Among the top 100 CpG loci with the lowest p-values based on their association with urinary arsenic levels, there was a statistically significant enrichment of these loci in CpG islands (p = 0.009). Of those in CpG islands (n = 44), most (75%) exhibited higher methylation levels in the highest exposed group compared with the lowest exposed group. Also, several CpG loci exhibited a linear dose-dependent relationship between methylation and arsenic exposure. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that in utero exposure to low levels of arsenic may affect the epigenome. Long-term follow-up is planned to determine whether the observed changes are associated with health outcomes.
Vitamin D Status and Its Association With Quality of Life, Physical Activity, and Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

BackgroundVitamin D deficiency is common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and may be related to disease activity. Population-based studies have shown the influence of vitamin D deficiency on quality of life (QoL), but it was not investigated in RA patients. ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to determine possible relationship between vitamin D deficiency, QoL, physical activity (PA), and disease activity in RA. MethodsIn 97 consecutive RA patients without vitamin D supplementation (86 women and 11 men, aged 59.4 ± 12 years), serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D), calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone were measured. The patients completed Short Form 36 (SF-36), Beck Depression Inventory, and Health Assessment Questionnaire, assessed the intensity of pain, fatigue, and PA. Disease Activity Score in 28 Joints was used to assess disease activity. A comparison control group consisted of 28 osteoarthritis patients (25 women and 3 men aged 56.2 ± 15 years). ResultsVitamin D deficiency was detected in 76.3% of RA and in 78.6% of osteoarthritis patients (P = 0.75). There was a negative correlation between 25(OH)D serum concentration and Disease Activity Score in 28 Joints in patients with active arthritis. There was a positive correlation between serum 25(OH)D and the level of PA and most aspects of SF-36, and negative correlation between serum 25(OH)D and Health Assessment Questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory in patients with disease duration of 1 year or longer. After inclusion of PA into multivariable analysis, only the correlations between 25(OH)D and SF-36 mental subscale (MCS) and pain remained significant. ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in RA patients and is associated with higher disease activity and worse QoL indices. Regular PA correlates with higher vitamin D titers and better QoL in RA. Further studies are needed to explain possible influence of vitamin D on RA activity.
Xerostomia, Xerogenic Medications and Food Avoidances in Selected Geriatric Groups

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between complaints of xerostomia and salivary performance and food avoidances in four geriatric groups chosen to reflect a broad spectrum of individuals along the health‐disease continuum. To determine whether xerogenic medications taken by these individuals could be associated with either complaints of xerostomia or with food avoidances.
Supervised and Unsupervised Ensembling for Knowledge Base Population

We present results on combining supervised and unsupervised methods to ensemble multiple systems for two popular Knowledge Base Population (KBP) tasks, Cold Start Slot Filling (CSSF) and Tri-lingual Entity Discovery and Linking (TEDL). We demonstrate that our combined system along with auxiliary features outperforms the best performing system for both tasks in the 2015 competition, several ensembling baselines, as well as the state-of-the-art stacking approach to ensembling KBP systems. The success of our technique on two different and challenging problems demonstrates the power and generality of our combined approach to ensembling.
A Personal Investigation into Strategies for Healthy and Effective Musical Practice

In today’s world there is a high incidence of playing-related injury among musicians. A study conducted in 2012 found that over 80% of surveyed professional orchestral musicians in Australia had experienced a musculoskeletal injury that interfered with their work (Ackermann, Driscoll, & Kenny, 2012, p. 183). One of the potential causal factors in the development of a playing-related injury is an inefficient and unhealthy practice routine. Fortunately, healthy and effective practice habits can be learned. The inclusion of information about practice strategies in the curriculum of young musicians working towards a performance career could be very beneficial in reducing the risk of injury for those musicians throughout their careers. Although there has been an increase in the attention given to music health research over the last 40 years, many educational institutions still do not adequately teach their students skills for developing a healthy and effective practice routine, nor do they provide sufficient information about injury prevention and management techniques. This research aims to add to the literature surrounding the development of a healthy and effective practice routine by investigating the author’s own experience of injury and recovery as a young musician training for a career in music. It also aims to share evidence about the potential for effective practice techniques to reduce or resolve physical and psychological challenges for musicians. This study begins with an examination of the author’s experience before and during her period of injury in order to determine the nature of the physical and psychological challenges that led to the breakdown of her general well-being. The main body of this research concerns the author’s attempts to overcome these challenges through the use of techniques for effective practice, and documents the results of their implementation. Although professional medical advice played a role in determining recovery strategies, the major focus investigated is the significant improvements to the researcher’s physical and psychological well-being resulting from self-guided changes to her practice approach. The last chapter of this research discusses recommendations for a sustainable career model, drawing together information from the literature and from the researcher’s own experience of injury and recovery.
Search with index replication in power-law like peer-to-peer networks

Many unstructured peer-to-peer applications exhibit a characteristic of complex networks, such as power-law degree distribution. We are motivated by the fact that the high degree nodes are well connected each other and design a novel cluster-based search protocol to take advantage of cluster-based index replication. The search success rate is improved by one order of magnitude and the index storage cost is reduced by almost one order of magnitude either. We also study the search performance through theoretical model and give the mathematical relationship between search performance and cluster threshold c. We further evaluate the cluster-based techniques by simulator-based experiments and the results prove the rightness of our mathematic analysis.
Sodium channels in normal and regenerated feline ventral spinal roots

Regenerated and remyelinated nerve fibers have shorter internodes and thus more nodes than normal mature fibers. This requires either a decrease in the number of sodium channels per node or an increase in the number of channels per fiber or both. The purpose of this investigation was to determine what happens to sodium channel number, as estimated by 3H-saxitonin (STX) binding, in regenerated fibers and to relate this to nodal number. Five adult cats underwent cryoaxotomy of ventral root levels L5, L6, L7, and S1 on the left side. After regeneration for 16–45 weeks, binding parameters were determined. On the right (control) side, binding was consistent with that in unoperated animals (b = 1.3, Bmax = 10.2 +/- 0.4 fmol/mg wet, Kd = 0.6 +/- 0.1 nM). However, the regenerated nerves showed a 3.5-fold increase in maximal binding (b = 1.3, Bmax = 36.1 +/- 0.5, Kd = 0.45 +/- 0.4). Computer-aided histologic analysis of the regenerated roots revealed a decrease in fiber size; a significant decrease in internodal length for fibers in a given size class; and a 1.35-fold increase in total fibers per root. These factors account for a 2.36-fold increase in nodes per milligram (wet). The number of STX binding sites per regenerated node was calculated to be 1.95 X 10(6) (1.31, 3.07, 95% confidence limits), whereas it was 1.26 X 10(6) (0.78, 2.02) for the control roots. The difference was not significant (p greater than 0.05). It is concluded that, in regeneration, the increase in nodal number is accompanied by an increase in sodium channels, so that the number of channels per node is normal or slightly increased. There is a marked increase in channels per fiber and an even greater increase in channels per anterior horn cell. The implications of these data for nodal reorganization in remyelination are discussed.
ERROR MODEL STRUCTURES

This paper establishes that when using a least squares crite rion to estimate an output error type model structure, then the measurement noi se induced variability of the frequency response estimate depends on the estimated (and h ence also on the true) pole positions. This dependence on pole position is perhaps coun ter to prevailing wisdom that for any ‘shift invariant’ model structure, the variability depends only on model order, data length, and input and noise spectral densities. That is, it i counter to the belief that variance error is model-structure independent.
Highly accurate maximum likelihood laser mapping by jointly optimizing laser points and robot poses

In this paper we describe an algorithm for learning highly accurate laser-based maps that treats the overall mapping problem as a joint optimization problem over robot poses and laser points. We assume that a laser range finder senses points sampled from a regular surface and we utilize an improved likelihood function that accounts for two phenomena affecting the laser measurements that are often neglected: the conic shape of the laser beam and the incidence angle. To solve the entire problem we apply an optimization procedure that jointly adjusts the position of all the robot poses and all points in the scans. As a result, we obtain highly accurate maps. We evaluated our approach using simulated and real-world data and we show that utilizing the estimated maps greatly improves the localization accuracy of robots. The results furthermore suggest that the accuracy of the resulting map can exceed the resolution of the laser sensors used.
Minimum-Delay Service Provisioning in Opportunistic Networks

Opportunistic networks are created dynamically by exploiting contacts between pairs of mobile devices that come within communication range. While forwarding in opportunistic networking has been explored, investigations into asynchronous service provisioning on top of opportunistic networks are unique contributions of this paper. Mobile devices are typically heterogeneous, possess disparate physical resources, and can provide a variety of services. During opportunistic contacts, the pairing peers can cooperatively provide (avail of) their (other peer's) services. This service provisioning paradigm is a key feature of the emerging opportunistic computing paradigm. We develop an analytical model to study the behaviors of service seeking nodes (seekers) and service providing nodes (providers) that spawn and execute service requests, respectively. The model considers the case in which seekers can spawn parallel executions on multiple providers for any given request, and determines: 1) the delays at different stages of service provisioning; and 2) the optimal number of parallel executions that minimizes the expected execution time. The analytical model is validated through simulations, and exploited to investigate the performance of service provisioning over a wide range of parameters.
Gamificación en Educación Física: un análisis sistemático de fuentes documentales

Una Educación Física de calidad debe ofrecer experiencias motrices auténticas, valiosas y relevantes para la vida de las personas. Esto exige que los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje sean progresivos y significativos, con una orientación formativa clara, apoyados en estrategias metodológicas de carácter lúdico. Es necesario que estos procesos estén conectados con las necesidades actuales de los jóvenes y que conlleve la creación de un bagaje motriz amplio y diverso, transferible a su vida cotidiana y con efectos positivos sobre su salud. Conseguir estos retos exige revisar los procedimientos con los que se enseña y aprende. El presente artículo se centra en revisar el estado de la cuestión sobre las estrategias de aprendizaje en Educación Física, en particular sobre la gamificación, con la finalidad de comprender su significado y sus posibles aplicaciones en la EF escolar, así como la repercusión en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Para alcanzar este objetivo se ha procedido a hacer un análisis bibliométrico sobre el estado de la cuestión, mediante la revisión de diferentes bases de datos de acceso restringido y de libre acceso. Los resultados muestran la consideración de nuevas metodologías para la enseñanza de la Educación Física, en las que el juego aparece como un eje de interés en todos los ámbitos educativos. El estudio realizado revela la emergencia de nuevas o “reformadas” estrategias metodológicas lúdico-motrices como es la de gamificación, siendo considerada como una potente herramienta para aprender competencias.