Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do Loyalty Groups Differ in the Role of Trust in Online Tourism Shopping? A Process Perspective

ABSTRACT Today, Internet use is becoming increasingly prevalent, and people all over the world are shopping online with increasing frequency. While much of the current literature tends to focus on the dependent variable of loyalty on online tourism shopping, this study draws heavily on the moderating role of loyalty. In particular, this study aims to examine the relationships among perceived security, website properties, navigational functionality, trust, and satisfaction, as well as to use a process theory to investigate the differences in these constructs between low- and high-loyalty groups. The results of this study reveal that perceived security, website properties, and navigational functionality significantly and positively affected trust. In addition, loyalty was found to reinforce the relationships among perceived security, website properties, navigational functionality, and trust.
Shocks to Shocks: A Theoretical Foundation for the Information Content of Earnings

This paper rigorously develops and extends the Ball-Brown (1968) and Beaver (1968) measures of the information content of earnings from underlying primitives, using the asset pricing model of Vuolteenaho (2002). The standard Ball-Brown and Beaver measures of information content are obtained by assuming that the time series of (log deflated) earnings are AR(1) with drift and expected future discount rates are inter-temporally constant. The Ball-Brown and Beaver measures of information content are further generalized to the case of dynamic discount rates by assuming initially that (log) expected future discount rates have fixed and dynamic return components such that the dynamic return component is AR(1) with drift. These measures of information content are further generalized to two broad cases: (1) the time series of earnings and expected future discount rates are ARMA(p,q) processes; and (2) the time series of earnings and expected future discount rates follow a log-linear Vector Autoregressive (VAR) process. One of the more ubiquitous applications of Ball-Brown analysis - and recently of the Beaver approach - involves decomposing earnings into components (e.g., cash flows and accruals) in order to determine which earnings component has greater information content. Closed form solutions of the information content of earnings components are obtained for the standard Ball-Brown and Beaver measures and for the generalizations of these measures.
Projection Structure of P-glycoprotein by Electron Microscopy

The structure of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) from mouse has been studied by electron microscopy and image analysis. Two-dimensional crystals of Pgp in a lipid bilayer were generated by reconstituting pure, detergent-solubilized protein containing a C-terminal six-histidine tag using the lipid monolayer technique. The crystals belong to plane group P1 with a = b = 104 ± 2 Å and γ = 90 ± 4°. The projection structure of Pgp calculated at a resolution of 22 Å shows two closely interacting protein domains that can be interpreted as the N- and C-terminal halves of the protein. The projection structure of Pgp is consistent with the recently published x-ray structure of MsbA, a lipid A flippase from Escherichia coli with high sequence homology to Pgp but only when the two MsbA subunits are rotated to bring their nucleotide binding domains together.
Foreign Aid, Government Behaviour, and Fiscal Policy in Papua New Guinea

The paper explores a number of long standing questions surrounding how foreign aid has influenced the fiscal behaviour of the PNG Government. This includes whether grant aid has encouraged the PNG government to be less fiscally responsible and accumulate higher levels of foreign debt; whether grant aid has tended to lower the PNG government's domestic revenue raising efforts; whether grant aid has drawn government expenditures away from key service delivery sectors; and whether budget support and project and program aid have had differential effects with respect to any of the foregoing questions. The analysis reveals several important insights regarding the interplay between foreign aid and public sector fiscal behaviour including evidence that grant aid has been an important source of debt reduction during this period. However, grant aid has tended to erode the domestic tax base, which has limited the government's ability to increase aggregate expenditure levels. Evidence is also found that suggests a significant portion of budget support was spent on key development sectors, although it also undermined domestic revenue collection. A number of policy implications follow.
Work -family conflict and enrichment: A study of college coaches

Dedication To my dear Amy Jo and our sons v Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge the many individuals who have contributed to this dissertation and the completion of my doctoral studies. I am grateful to the members of my dissertation committee: To Dr. Alexandra Loukas, for her suggestions and enthusiasm in serving on the committee; To Dr. Tiffany Whittaker, for her advice and guidance in statistical analysis, making it possible for me to begin to understand it much more than any who came before; To Dr. Christine Green, for her pleasant personality, support, and her sport finance class-because of her instruction, one of the most beneficial classes for me; To Dr. Jan Todd, for her encouragement and influence, making it possible for me to come to Texas, for her kindness towards my family, for her efforts to always ensure gainful employment, and for her influence within the field-which helped begin my academic career at Marshall University; To Dr. Marlene Dixon, for encouraging me to continue, for sharing late nights on my behalf, for agreeing to be my adviser, for opening up the area of work family studies to me, and ultimately, for saving and enhancing my academic career. In addition to my committee members, I wish to acknowledge Professor Charlie Craven and Amanda Gammage, both of whom allowed me to further develop my teaching skills as a graduate instructor in the physical education program. Having this opportunity brought me great joy. I am most grateful for their willingness to share their expertise and experience. I am grateful to Dr. Laurence Chalip for the class, Sport Policy, which broadened my perspectives on the use of sport in society. His leadership has helped develop the sport management program at Texas into the rigorous program which it is, a great benefit that has increased my ability to influence sport management programs in which I may be associated with in the future. The current work-family literature strongly emphasizes the conflict between the multiple roles that workers and parents assume. This conflict literature leaves readers with the impression that individuals are experiencing stress to a level that detracts from balanced perspective recognizes both the disadvantages and the potential advantages of engaging in multiple roles. Recent evidence indicates that occupying the roles of worker and spouse/parent may also produce positive outcomes such as greater satisfaction in (2006) offer one theory that explains the positive interaction …
The Employer Size-Wage Effect

We consider six explanations for the positive relationship between employer size and wages: large employers (1) hire higher-quality workers, (2) offer inferior working conditions, (3) make more use of high wages to forestall unionization, (4) have more ability to pay high wages, (5) face smaller pools of applicants relative to vacancies, and (6) are less able to monitor their workers. We find some support for the first of these, but there remains a significant wage premium for those working for large employers.
Market Underreaction and Predictability in the Cross-Section of Japanese Stock Returns

In this paper, I analyze the relationship between financial statements information and stock returns for firms listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. Firm-specific information is captured by way of score indicative of the firm's cash flow generating potential. The results show that score-based portfolio strategies can produce significant abnormal returns over a 10-year sample period. The excess return of high-score portfolios does not appear to result from a higher exposure to risk factors. The predictability of cross-section returns does not derive either from price momentum. I find that large stocks offer little profits to score-based portfolio strategies. Most of the abnormal returns are concentrated on small firms. The evidence is strongly supportive of a market underreaction to the financial information released by smaller lightly researched firms.
Civil liberty and economic growth in the world: a long-run perspective, 1850–2010

The objective of this paper is to study the relationship between economic growth and civil liberty across the globe in the long run. To fulfill this aim, we use an unbalanced panel of 149 countries for the period 1850â€“2010 with data on gross domestic product (GDP) from Maddison, and data on civil liberties from Polity IV. The dynamics of both variables are investigated. Once country and time effects are accounted for in a dynamic panel data model, our results show that movements toward higher levels of civil liberty are associated with higher economic growth rates. Therefore, we find that civil liberties are a relevant factor to explain economic growth. We perform some sensitivity tests that confirm the robustness of our results.
The Relationship between Education and Child Work

Millions of children throughout the developing world work. Not all child work should be cause for concern. Some work activities develop practical knowledge and skills and reinforce children's sense of self-esteem and unity with their families. It is children's work that is exploitative and dangerous ('child labour') that poses a major human rights and socio-economic challenge. Universal primary education may be the single most effective instrument for meeting this challenge, but because of research inadequacies and the multiplicity of factors involved, a neat causal relationship cannot be established. Drawing on case studies from different countries and exploring the many different ways child work and education are interconnected, this paper seeks to pinpoint concerns that need to be addressed in order to eliminate child labour.
Farmers' Preference for Farming: Evidence From a Nationally Representative Farm Survey in India

type="main"> Using data from a nationally representative farm survey in India, we have analyzed Indian farmers' stated preference for farming as a profession. Findings show that more than 40% of farmers dislike farming as a profession because of low profits, high risk, and lack of social status, yet they continue with it owing to a lack of opportunities outside agriculture. Farmers who express a preference for moving out of agriculture are mostly those with small landholdings, poor irrigation facilities, fewer productive assets including livestock, and follow a cereal-centric cropping pattern. They also have relatively lower access to credit, insurance, and information, and are weakly integrated with social networks such as self-help groups and farmers' organizations. Importantly, the disinclination for farming, conditional on other covariates, is not significantly differentiated by caste, an important indicator of social status in rural India. Yet, within a caste group, the dislike for farming moderates with larger landholdings.
Oxidative status in testis and epididymal sperm parameters after acute and chronic stress by cold-water immersion in the adult rat

Abstract Stress is associated with detrimental effects on male reproductive function. It is known that stress increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the male reproductive tract. High ROS levels may be linked to low sperm quality and male infertility. However, it is still not clear if ROS are generated by stress in the testis. The objective of this study was to characterize the role of oxidative stress induced by cold-water immersion stress in the testis of adult male rats and its relation with alterations in cauda epididymal sperm. Adult male rats were exposed to acute stress or chronic stress by cold-water immersion. Rats were sacrificed at 0, 6, 12, and 24 hours immediately following acute stress exposure, and after 20, 40, and 50 days of chronic stress. ROS production increased only at 6 hours post-stress, while the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and sperm parameters were not modified in the testis. Corticosterone increased immediately after acute stress, whereas testosterone was not modified. After chronic stress, testicular absolute weight decreased; in addition, ROS production and LPO increased at 20, 40, and 50 days. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) decreased throughout the duration of chronic stress and the activity of catalase (CAT) decreased at 40 and 50 days, and increased at 20 days. The expression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and CAT were not modified, but the expression of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (GPx-4) decreased at 20 days. Motility, viability, and sperm count decreased, while abnormal sperm increased with chronic stress. These results suggest that during acute stress there is a redox state regulation in the testis since no deleterious effect was observed. In contrast, equilibrium redox is lost during chronic stress, with low enzyme activity but without modifying their expression. In addition, corticosterone increased while testosterone decreased, this decrease is related to the negative effects seen in sperm.
n the differences in degree of renewal produced by the different enewal designs

This paper addresses sources contributing to the differences in the degree of recovery from extinction observed with different renewal paradigms. In two lick suppression experiments with rats, we assessed the role of the associative status of the acquisition context in both the weakness of AAC renewal and the sometimes observed weaker renewal resulting from an ABC design relative to an ABA design. In Experiment 1, we observed that AAC renewal relative to an AAA control group was small unless Context A had undergone associative deflation (i.e., extinction of Context A). Deflation of Context A not only decreased behavioral control by the CS in the AAA condition, but increased it in the AAC condition, thereby implicating a comparator process in addition to associative summation between the CS and test context. In Experiment 2, an excitatory acquisition context was found to enhance the difference between ABC and ABA renewal. Associative deflation of the acquisition context decreased ABA renewal more than ABC renewal. Thus, the associative value of the acquisition context (A) was more positively related to the level of renewal when the target CS (X) was tested in this context than when it was tested in a neutral but equally familiar context (C), consistent with the frequently observed greater renewal in an ABA condition than an ABC condition arising from associative summation of the CS and test context. These findings demonstrate that the excitatory status of the acquisition context influences the observed
Influenza pneumonia in a paediatric lung transplant recipient

Abstract Although a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the general population, influenza infections are uncommon in lung transplant recipients and, to date, have only been associated with transient declines in pulmonary function and a relatively benign clinical course. This paper describes severe influenza pneumonia in a 13-year-old paediatric lung transplant recipient (5 months after double lung transplantation). Influenza pneumonia was diagnosed by direct fluorescent antibody testing and viral culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The patient required mechanical ventilation for 2 days due to respiratory failure and fatigue. Since his recovery from this pneumonia, he has developed obliterative bronchiolitis and currently awaits re-transplantation.
How transformational leadership fuels employees’ service innovation behavior

Although there is a consensus that transformational leadership (TFL) is critical to successful service innovation behavior, the relationship between the two remains inconclusive. This study adopts a dual perspective approach that considers both motivational and social-political perspectives to further elicit the influence of TFL on the service innovation behavior of frontline employees. Using multiphase and multisource data from 269 employees and 1396 customers of hair salons, the results show that the perceived organizational climate for innovation, creative self-efficacy, and expected image gains fully mediate the relationship between TFL and employees’ service innovation behavior. TFL positively influences employees’ perceived organizational climate for innovation, which in turn enhances the service innovation behavior of employees through both motivational (i.e. creative self-efficacy) and social-political (i.e. expected image gains) mediating mechanisms. Surprisingly, expected image risks are found to have a non-significant relationship with service innovation behavior. We discuss implications of these findings with respect to innovation literature and management practice, as well as offer suggestions for further research.
Smoking is Associated with Osteoporosis Development in Primary Care Population

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a disease of bones and it has been associated with various risk factors such as female gender, advanced age and smoking habit. However, evidence has shown that the true figures between osteoporosis and smoking are conflicted. Aim: This study was aimed to screen individuals for potential risk factors related to osteoporosis and to assess whether smoking habit is associated with osteoporosis development in Primary care population aged 45 years and over. Materials and Methods: A screening program for osteoporosis was conducted in two Primary care settings in the island of Crete – Greece, during a 3-month period (April to June 2013). We studied 400 participants aged 45 years old and over for risk-factors associated with osteoporosis development using the ONE Minute Osteoporosis Risk Test. Participants were screened for to 19 risk-factors related to osteoporosis such as fracture, diagnosis of Thyroid, Alcohol Consumption and smoking responding to Yes or No. Statistically, chi square and/or Variance analysis were used for the descriptive characteristics of the study participants and the significance of association among demographic characteristics. The method of variance analysis was applied to determine associations between risk factors and demographic characteristics. Bivariate associations were described using Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). P-values≤0.05 was considered significant using the SPSS version 21.0. Results: The mean age of participants (50% males) was 61.94 ± 11.6. Males were smoked significantly more often (75.5% vs. 43%, p<0.001) than females and, current smokers both females (OR=1.12; 95%CI: 0.25-1.99, p=0.012) and, males (OR=0.85; 95%CI: 0.10-1.59, p=0.027) were significantly more likely to report an increased number of risk-factors for osteoporosis compared to never smokers. We also found that obese participants were less likely to report an increased number of risk-factors (OR=-1.87; 95%CI: -3.54, -0.20, p=0.029) compared to reference category suggesting that obesity was a protective factor for osteoporosis, but this association was significant only for males. Conclusion: Although a number of risk-factors did not differ among non-smokers, former and current smokers, current smokers had a greater likelihood of reporting a number of risk-factors related to osteoporosis, suggesting that smoking is an important risk factor for osteoporosis development.
The Effects of Management Accounting Systems and Environmental Uncertainty on Small Business Managers' Performance

Abstract This study examines the interacting effects of management accounting systems (MAS) and perceived environmental uncertainty on small business managers' perceptions of their performance. Results obtained from using a multiple regression and partial derivative analyses of responses to questionnaires distributed to a sample of 42 managers/owners of light engineering manufacturing firms in Australia, confirmed the hypothesis that the effects of MAS on performance were dependent on environmental uncertainty. Under high levels of uncertainty, sophisticated MAS had a positive effect on performance but under low levels it had a negative effect.
External Actors, State‐Building, and Service Provision in Areas of Limited Statehood: Introduction

This article introduces the themes and arguments of the special issue. While virtually all polities enjoy uncontested international legal sovereignty, there are wide variations in statehood, that is, the monopoly over the means of violence and the ability of the state to make and implement policies. Areas of limited statehood are not, however, ungoverned spaces where anarchy and chaos prevail. The provision of collective goods and services is possible even under extremely adverse conditions of fragile or failed statehood. We specify the conditions under which external efforts at state-building and service provision by state and nonstate actors can achieve their goals. We focus on the extent to which external actors enhance the capacity (statehood) of authority structures in weak states, or directly contribute to the provision of collective goods and services, such as public health, clean environment, social security, and infrastructure. We argue that three factors determine success: legitimacy, task complexity, and institutionalization, including the provision of adequate resources.
Environmental orientation and ecotourism awareness among pilgrims, adventure tourists, and leisure tourists.

For the sustainable development of tourism in destination areas, it is important to have responsible visitors with high pro-environmental orientation and a critical minimum knowledge of ecotourism. Most of the pilgrimage, adventurous, and leisure destinations in India are in ecologically sensitive locations with bountiful environmental resources. Th us, understanding tourists’ environmental orientation is critical for destination management. In this context, the present study investigates the environmental orientation and ecotourism awareness of tourists visiting some of the key environmental hotspots of northern India. A comparative analysis of the environmental orientations of pilgrims, adventurists, and leisure tourists is presented. Th e fi ndings generally reveal that there exist signifi cant diff erences among these categories in terms of environmental orientation and awareness about ecotourism. Pilgrims and adventurists exhibit superior environmental orientation compared to leisure tourists. Yet, when it comes to the awareness of ecotourism, none of the groups under study show great awareness, except that adventurists stand better compared to the other two groups. Th us, the study implies that the transformation of general environmental orientation in to awareness of ecotourism is not linear and is much more problematic than is expected. Th e paper is concluded with a discussion of the implications for future research and managerial practice.