Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Main Taste Effects on Swallowing Apnea Duration in Healthy Adults

Objective This study examined swallowing apnea duration (SAD) and respiratory phase patterns as a function of taste, tastes combined with barium, age, and genetic taste group. Study Design Prospective group design. Setting University medical center. Subjects and Methods Eighty healthy adult women were identified as nontasters and supertasters and equally comprised 2 age groups: 18 to 35 years (n = 40) and 60+ years (n = 40). The KayPentax Swallowing Signals Lab was used to acquire SAD and respiratory phase patterns via nasal cannula during randomized 5-mL swallows of water, 1.0 M sucrose (sweet), 1.0 M sodium chloride (salty), and 0.032 M caffeine (bitter) alone and mixed with barium. The SAD and respiratory patterns were analyzed in a linear mixed model and a binary logistic regression generalized estimating equation model, respectively. Results A significant main effect of age was found (P = .007). Older women demonstrated longer SAD than younger women. There were no significant effects of taste or genetic taste group on SAD. There was a significant interaction between barium and supertaster status; SAD was shorter in supertasters when barium was included. There were no significant differences in respiratory patterns between age groups, genetic taste groups, or among taste stimuli. Conclusion Advanced age elicited longer SAD, a robust finding in repeated investigations from multiple laboratories. Main tastes did not affect SAD or respiratory phase patterns. Genetic taste group altered SAD when barium was combined with the taste. That is, taste + barium shortened SAD in supertasters. This finding may affect clinical management of dysphagia patients and warrants further investigation.
High School Male and Female Learning-Style Similarities and Differences in Diverse Nations

Abstract The authors investigated gender differences among the learning styles of 1,637 adolescents from 5 countries—Bermuda, Brunei, Hungary, Sweden, and New Zealand. Statistical analyses included a multivariate analysis of variance with 22 dependent variables (learning-style elements) and 2 between-subjects variables (gender and country) and a discriminant analysis. The alpha level was established at the p < . 05 level. There were significant main effects for gender with medium effect sizes and statistically significant and large effect sizes for country main effects. There also were statistically significant and medium effect sizes for the interactions of country by gender. On the basis of these findings, the authors maintain that gender-based patterns of differences in learning styles are observable, and they encourage educators to consider all learners' learning-style strengths to maximize instructional outcomes.
Time–frequency analyses of reaction times and theta/beta EEG ratio in pediatric patients with traumatic brain injury: A preliminary study

ABSTRACT Purpose: The literature on patients with attention deficit reports peculiar reaction time (RT) oscillation at very low frequencies (VLFO=0.06–0.2 Hz). The data were explained as default mode network (DMN) intrusion in goal-oriented activity. The present study investigates whether a pattern of recurrent lapses in attention can be detected in TBI patients and whether VLFO can be generalized to the sustained attention deficit, regardless of etiology. Methods: Groups of pediatric TBIs and healthy controls performed four attentional tasks. RT and theta/beta timeseries were subjected to wavelet analyses. Results: Significant high-power VLFOs were recorded in patient group performances but not in those of controls, both for RTs and theta/beta in all the tasks. Conclusion: This preliminary study suggests that central-midline theta/beta ratio could be considered a neurophysiological correlate of RT variability and that the general continuous goal-oriented activity can be cross-etiologically affected by recurrent lapses in attention regardless of the specific cognitive component involved.
A Multifaceted Approach to Modeling Agent Trust for Effective Communication in the Application of Mobile Ad Hoc Vehicular Networks

An increasingly large number of cars are being equipped with global positioning system and Wi-Fi devices, enabling vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication with the goal of providing increased passenger and road safety. This technology actuates the need for agents that assist users by intelligently processing the received information. Some of these agents might become self-interested and try to maximize car owners' utility by sending out false information. Given the dire consequences of acting on false information in this context, there is a serious need to establish trust among agents. The main goal of this paper is then to develop a framework that models the trustworthiness of the agents of other vehicles, in order to receive the most effective information. We develop a multifaceted trust modeling approach that incorporates role-, experience-, priority-, and majority-based trust and this is able to restrict the number of reports that are received. We include an algorithm that proposes how to integrate these various dimensions of trust, along with experimentation to validate the benefit of our approach, emphasizing the importance of each of the different facets that are included. The result is an important methodology to enable effective V2V communication via intelligent agents.
Maternal stress and childhood migraine: a new perspective on management

Background Migraine without aura is a primary headache which is frequent and disabling in the developmental age group. No reports are available concerning the prevalence and impact of migraine in children on the degree of stress experienced by parents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of maternal stress in a large pediatric sample of individuals affected by migraine without aura. Methods The study population consisted of 218 children (112 boys, 106 girls) of mean age 8.32 ± 2.06 (range 6–13) years suffering from migraine without aura and a control group of 405 typical developing children (207 boys, 198 girls) of mean age 8.54 ± 2.47 years. Mothers of children in each group answered the Parent Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) questionnaire to assess parental stress levels. Results The two groups were matched for age (P = 0.262), gender (P = 0.983), and body mass index adjusted for age (P = 0.106). Mothers of children with migraine without aura reported higher mean PSI-SF scores related to the Parental Distress domain (P < 0.001), Dysfunctional Parent-Child Interaction domain (P < 0.001), Difficult Child subscale (P < 0.001), and Total Stress domain than mothers of controls (P < 0.001). No differences between the two groups were found for Defensive Responding subscale scores. Conclusion Our study may be the first to highlight the presence of high levels of stress in parents of children affected by migraine without aura.
A Spectral Masking Approach to Noise-Robust Speech Recognition Using Deep Neural Networks

Improving the noise robustness of automatic speech recognition systems has been a challenging task for many years. Recently, it was found that Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) yield large performance gains over conventional GMM-HMM systems, when used in both hybrid and tandem systems. However, they are still far from the level of human expectations especially under adverse environments. Motivated by the separation-prior-to-recognition process of the human auditory system, we propose a robust spectral masking system where power spectral domain masks are predicted using a DNN trained on the same filter-bank features used for acoustic modeling. To further improve performance, Linear Input Network (LIN) adaptation is applied to both the mask estimator and the acoustic model DNNs. Since the estimation of LINs for the mask estimator requires stereo data, which is not available during testing, we proposed using the LINs estimated for the acoustic model DNNs to adapt the mask estimators. Furthermore, we used the same set of weights obtained from pre-training for the input layers of both the mask estimator and the acoustic model DNNs to ensure a better consistency for sharing LINs. Experimental results on benchmark Aurora2 and Aurora4 tasks demonstrated the effectiveness of our system, which yielded Word Error Rates (WERs) of 4.6% and 11.8% respectively. Furthermore, the simple averaging of posteriors from systems with and without spectral masking can further reduce the WERs to 4.3% on Aurora2 and 11.4% on Aurora4.
Coping Strategies as Determinants of Quality of Life in Stroke Patients: A Longitudinal Study

Background: Quality of life (QoL) is reduced for stroke patients and coping strategies have been suggested as determinants of QoL. Thus far the relationship between coping and QoL has only been examined in small-scale cross-sectional designs. Therefore, the current study set out to examine this relationship in a longitudinal setting. Methods: Stroke patients who were discharged home were interviewed at 4 different time points; just before discharge (T1), and 2 months (T2), 5 months (T3) and 9–12 months after discharge (T4). QoL was measured by the EQ-5D index score and the SF-36 utility score and coping expressed in terms of tenacious goal pursuit and flexible goal adjustment. Modified Rankin scale was assessed as a measure of general functioning. Results: Eighty stroke patients were included. Coping was not predictive of QoL at T1 and T2 but rather at T3 and T4. At T4 both coping strategies determined the levels of QoL as measured with the EQ-5D index score; higher levels of tenacious goal pursuit as well as flexible goal adjustment were associated with higher levels of QoL. This regression model explained 44% of the variance. Conclusions: Coping is a powerful determinant of QoL, but only more than 5 months after discharge; before this time QoL is mainly determined by general functioning. Both coping strategies were important determinants of QoL.
Group Differences on US Air Force Pilot Selection Tests

Abstract : Sex and ethnic group differences were examined on the operational composites and tests used to select applicants for U. S. Air Force officer commissioning programs and for pilot training. Results showed that large mean score differences in applicant samples were substantially reduced among the pilot trainees. Despite differences in test performance, there was no evidence of differential validity for groups. When group differences in predicted pilot training completion rate were observed, performance was overestimated for the minority group relative to the majority group. When regression equations were adjusted for unreliability of the predictors, the observed differences in intercepts were reduced or eliminated. No prediction bias was observed against the minority groups.
Measurement of pessimism in Chinese adolescents: The Chinese Hopelessness Scale

The Chinese version of the Hopelessness Scale (C-HOPE) was administered to 500 Chinese university students, along with other instruments assessing psychiatric symptoms and positive mental health. The C-HOPE was found to have high internal consistency as a scale and factor analysis with a three-factor solution showed that three factors were abstracted from the scale, namely, Hopelessness, Certainty about the Future, and Future Expectation, and these three factors could reliably be reproduced in two random sub-samples. While the C-HOPE was found to correlate significantly with other measures of psychiatric symptoms and positive mental health, it correlated most highly with indices of purpose in life and existential well-being and it was specifically linked to depression rather than to anxiety.
Effect of Adopters' Lifestyles and Animal-Care Knowledge on Their Expectations Prior to Companion-Animal Guardianship

Human expectations can greatly affect the human–companion animal relationship, sometimes putting nonhuman animals at risk for relinquishment. At 20 animal shelters in Southern Ontario, Canada, potential adopters (N = 234) completed a questionnaire regarding their lifestyle, companion animal-care knowledge, and preadoption expectations of their adopted companion animals. Linear mixed models were used to assess the associations of adopters' lifestyles and companion animal-care knowledge with their expectations for animal behavior, the human–companion animal relationship, and the effort required in companion-animal guardianship. Dog adopters had higher expectations than cat adopters for their companion animal's behavior (p < .001), the human–companion animal relationship (p < .001), and the effort required in companion-animal guardianship (p < .001). Adopters' human relationship statuses were also associated with expectations for the human–companion animal relationship (p = .002). As adopters' companion animal-care knowledge increased, so did their expectations for the effort required in companion-animal guardianship (p < .001). An understanding of adopters' expectations prior to adoption will help animal shelters better match, educate, and prepare adopters for their lives with companion animals.
Immunocytochemistry of calciosomes in liver and pancreas

Calciosomes are small cytoplasmic vacuoles identified in various nonmuscle cell types by their content of protein(s) similar to calsequestrin (CS), the Ca2+ storage protein of the muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). These entities have been interpreted as the "primitive" counterpart of the SR, and suggested to be the organelle target of inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate action (Volpe, P., K. H. Krause, S. Hashimoto, F. Zorzato, T. Pozzan, J. Meldolesi, and D. P. Lew. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 85:1091-1095). Immunoperoxidase and immunogold experiments carried out in both thick and ultrathin cryosections of rat hepatocytes and pancreatic acinar cells by using antimuscle CS antibodies revealed a specific labeling widely distributed in the entire cytoplasm, while nuclei were negative. Individual calciosomes appeared as small (105 nm) membrane-bound vacuoles intermingled with, and often apposed to ER cisternae and mitochondria. Other calciosomes were scattered in the Golgi area, in between zymogen granules and beneath the plasma membrane. The cumulative volume of the CS-positive organelles was measured to account for the 0.8 and 0.45% of the cytoplasm in liver and pancreas cells, respectively. The real total volume of the calciosome compartment is expected to be approximately twice as large. In hepatocytes, structures similar to CS-positive calciosomes were decorated by antibodies against the Ca2+ ATPase of muscle SR, while ER cisternae were not. By dual labeling, colocalization was revealed in 53.6% of the organelles, with 37.6% positive for the ATPase only. CS appeared preferentially confined to the content, and the Ca2+ ATPase to the contour of the organelle. The results suggested a partial segregation of the two antigens, reminiscent of their well-known segregation in muscle SR. Additional dual-label experiments demonstrated that hepatic calciosomes express neither two ER markers (cytochrome-P450 and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase) nor the endolysosome marker, luminal acidity (revealed by 3- [2,4-dinitroanilino]-3'-amino-N-methyl dipropylamine). Calciosomes appear as unique cytological entities, ideally equipped to play a role in the rapid-scale control of the cytosolic-free Ca2+ in nonmuscle cells.
Marriage migration in India : Vast , varied , and misunderstood

Two thirds of all Indian women have migrated for marriage, around 300 million women, but not much is known about this vast migration. This paper provides a detailed accounting of this large migration and evaluates some of its potential causes. Marriage migration varies substantially across India, and appears to have changed little over the previous 40 years. Contrary to conventional wisdom, marriage migration does not contribute to risk sharing or consumption smoothing. Nor is it driven by sex ratio imbalances. Instead, this paper introduces a simple model in which parents must search for a spouse for their daughter geographically. The model helps rationalize the correlations between migration, age of marriage, and literacy across districts in India. It suggests that marriage migration is part of the larger puzzle of low workforce participation, education, and bargaining power of women in India, rather than an independent phenomenon. JEL classification: O15; J12; J16
Trade-off in short- and long-distance communication in tungara (Physalaemus pustulosus) and cricket (Acris crepitans) frogs

Female phonotaxis in tungara (Physalaemus pustulosus) and cricket (Acris crepitans) frogs is biased toward male advertisement calls or call components of lower frequency. This behavioral bias might result in part from a mismatch between the spectral characteristics of the advertisement call and the most sensitive frequency of the peripheral end organ implicated in reception of these sounds. In both species, females are tuned to frequencies lower than average for the calls in their population. This mismatch, however, represents the situation during short-distance communication. Female frogs can also use the call to detect choruses at long distances, and the spectral distribution of call energy can vary with transmission distance. We used computer simulations to test the hypothesis that there is a better match between tuning and call spectral energy at long distances from the calling male than at short distances by comparing the performance (sound energy received) of the natural tuning curve relative to an optimal tuning curve (i.e., one centered at the call's dominant frequency). The relative performance of the natural tuning curve increased with distance in tungara frogs. For the two subspecies of cricket frogs, however, the relative performance decreased at longer distances. The performance did not equal the optimal tuning curve at the distances tested. The results indicate that the relationship between calls and auditory tuning cannot be optimal for both long and short distance reception. The relationship between female tuning and call dominant frequency may represent a compromise between short and long distance communication, and the bias toward short or long distances may vary among species. Key words: Acris crepitans, auditory system, communication, cricket frogs, Physalaemus pustulosus, sensory biases, sexual selection, tungara frogs. (Behav Ecol 11:102-109 (2000))
Organizational embeddedness, turnover intentions, and voluntary turnover: The moderating effects of employee demographic characteristics and value orientations

To explain why some employees who experience high embeddedness contemplate leaving their organizations and others do not, we examined the moderating effects of employee demographic characteristics (age and gender) and value orientations (individualism and risk aversion) between organizational embeddedness and turnover intentions. Turnover intentions were further expected to increase voluntary turnover. Data were collected from 643 full-time employees at three points in time over a 12-month time period in a wide range of organizations in Japan, a relatively low turnover context with little prior embeddedness research. Findings show that gender and risk aversion moderate the relationship between organizational embeddedness and turnover intentions, which in turn predict voluntary turnover.
Aquaporin 1a Expression in Gill, Intestine, and Kidney of the Euryhaline Silver Sea Bream

This study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic salinity acclimation, abrupt salinity transfer, and cortisol administration on aquaporin 1 (AQP1) expression in gill, intestine, and kidney of silver sea bream (Sparus sarba). An AQP1a cDNA was cloned and found to share 83–96% amino acid sequence identity with AQP1 genes from several fish species. Tissue distribution studies of AQP1a mRNA demonstrated that it was expressed in gill, liver, intestine, rectum, kidney, heart, urinary bladder, and whole blood. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis was used to measure AQP1a transcript abundance in sea bream that were acclimated to salinity conditions of 0, 6, 12, 33, 50, and 70 ppt for 1 month. The abundance of gill AQP1a transcript was highest in sea bream acclimated to 0 ppt whereas no differences were found among 0–50 ppt groups. For intestine, the highest AQP1a transcript amounts were found in sea bream acclimated to 12 and 70 ppt whereas the transcript abundance of kidney AQP1a was found to be unchanged amongst the different salinity groups. To investigate the effects of acute salinity alterations on AQP1a expression, sea bream were abruptly transferred from 33 to 6 ppt. For intestine AQP1a levels were altered at different times, post transfer, but remained unchanged in gill and kidney. To study the effects of cortisol on AQP1a expression, sea bream were administered a single dose of cortisol followed by a 3-day acclimation to either 33 or 6 ppt. The findings from this experiment demonstrated that cortisol administration resulted in alterations of AQP1a transcript in gill and intestine but not in kidney.
Parental Efficacy and Role Responsibility for Assisting in Child’s Healthful Behaviors

The epidemic of childhood obesity, and its subsequent impact on negative health outcomes, continues to plague the United States. Better health outcomes have been linked to increased child achievement in school. Due to the strong influence parents have on children’s healthful behaviors particularly in younger years, it’s imperative to examine the social cognitive impact parents have on this aspect of children’s development. The objective of this study was to determine the impact parental self-efficacy and parental role responsibility have on child’s nutritional, physical activity, and weight categories. Parents (N = 820) responded to a questionnaire after participating in a child health screening project. Parental self-efficacy for assisting in their child’s healthful behaviors has a strong association with the child’s weight status, nutrition and physical activity. In order to make an effective change on child health behaviors, which lead to increased child academic test scores, these results suggest that school health interventionists and clinicians need to target basic psychological motivators of parental involvement.
Extracting Software Product Lines: A Case Study Using Conditional Compilation

Software Product Line (SPL) is a development paradigm that targets the creation of variable software systems. Despite the increasing interest in product lines, research in the area usually relies on small systems implemented in the laboratories of the authors involved in the investigative work. This characteristic hampers broader conclusions about industry-strength product lines. Therefore, in order to address the unavailability of public and realistic product lines, this paper describes an experiment involving the extraction of a SPL for ArgoUML, an open source tool widely used for designing systems in UML. Using conditional compilation we have extracted eight complex and relevant features from ArgoUML, resulting in a product line called ArgoUML-SPL. By making the extracted SPL publicly available, we hope it can be used to evaluate the various flavors of techniques, tools, and languages that have been proposed to implement product lines. Moreover, we have characterized the implementation of the features considered in our experiment relying on a set of product-line specific metrics. Using the results of this characterization, it was possible to shed light on the major challenges involved in extracting features from real-world systems.