Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Import of IκBα Is Accomplished by a Ran-Independent Transport Pathway

ABSTRACT The inhibitor of kappa B alpha (IκBα) protein is able to shuttle between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. We have utilized a combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches to provide mechanistic insight into nucleocytoplasmic shuttling by IκBα. IκBα contains multiple functional domains that contribute to shuttling of IκBα between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Nuclear import of IκBα is mediated by the central ankyrin repeat domain. Similar to previously described nuclear import pathways, nuclear import of IκBα is temperature and ATP dependent and is blocked by a dominant-negative mutant of importin β. However, in contrast to classical nuclear import pathways, nuclear import of IκBα is independent of soluble cytosolic factors and is not blocked by the dominant-negative RanQ69L protein. Nuclear export of IκBα is mediated by an N-terminal nuclear export sequence. Nuclear export of IκBα requires the CRM1 nuclear export receptor and is blocked by the dominant-negative RanQ69L protein. Our results are consistent with a model in which nuclear import of IκBα is mediated through direct interactions with components of the nuclear pore complex, while nuclear export of IκBα is mediated via a CRM1-dependent pathway.
Carotid baroreflex control of blood pressure and heart rate in men during dynamic exercise.

The degree of control of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) by arterial baroreflex during exercise is still controversial. We studied baroreflex control of BP and HR in seven normal young men by a noninvasive procedure employing a neck suction chamber that delivers pulsatile positive and negative pressures to the carotid sinus (CS). Pressures applied to the CS ranged from -80 to +60 Torr in steps of 20 Torr. Pressure stimuli were triggered by electrocardiogram R wave, and each pressure step was maintained for 20 s in a continuous sequence. One baroreflex-response curve was obtained during the last 3 min of each 6-min period of exercise. The four levels of upright (cycle) exercise were 60, 120, 180, and 240 W, the highest requiring approximately 75% of maximal O2 uptake. The sensitivity of the HR baroreflex response assessed by linear regression of HR vs. CS pressure (CSP) did not significantly decrease from rest (-0.09 +/- 0.053 beat/Torr) to 240 W (-0.06 +/- 0.025 beat/Torr). The BP above or below which CSP was increased or decreased by neck collar pressure was significantly increased from rest (76 +/- 6.5 Torr) to 240 W (111.2 +/- 4.0 Torr). The sensitivity of baroreflex response was assessed by linear regression of BP vs. CSP and was not significantly different from rest (-0.29 +/- 0.054 Torr/Torr) up to exercise at 240 W (-0.29 +/- 0.048 Torr/Torr). We conclude that mild to severe exercise does not reduce the gain of the CS reflex below resting values. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Prevalence and fate of giardia cysts in wastewater treatment plants

The present study was conducted to review factors affecting the prevalence and concentration of Giardia in raw wastewater. The removal and inactivation efficiency of Giardia by wastewater treatment technologies was also reviewed. Data published for the prevalence of Giardia in wastewater and the removal by wastewater treatment plants was reviewed. Giardia cysts are highly prevalent in wastewater in various parts of the world, which may reflect the infection rate in the population. In 23 of 30 (76·6%) studies, all of the tested raw wastewater samples were positive for Giardia cysts at concentrations ranging from 0·23 to 100 000 cysts l−1. The concentration of Giardia in raw wastewater was not affected by the geographical region or the socio‐economic status of the community. Discharge of raw wastewater or the application of raw wastewater for irrigation may result in Giardia transmission. Activated sludge treatment resulted in a one to two orders of magnitude reduction in Giardia, whereas a stabilization pond with a high retention time removed up to 100% of the cysts from wastewater. High‐rate sand filtration, ultrafiltration and UV disinfection were reported as the most efficient wastewater treatment methods for removal and disinfection of Giardia cysts. Wastewater treatment may not totally prevent the environmental transmission of Giardia cysts. The reviewed data show that a combination of wastewater treatment methods may results in efficient removal of Giardia cysts and prevent their environmental transmission.
Teacher Traits Students Find Helpful or Bothersome: Implications for the Inclusive Classroom.

MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. Behavior Problems; *Classroom Communication; Classroom Environment; Elementary Secondary Education; Emotional Response; *Inclusive Schools; Learning Experience; Learning Problems; *Mild Disabilities; *Student Attitudes; *Student Reaction; *Teacher Student Relationship The views of students with learning and behavior problems about how teachers can help them were investigated. The 40 students had mild cljsabilities and were in grades kindergarten through grade 12 in resource rooms, content mastery centers, and general education classes. Structured interviews addressed the following questions: What do you enjoy doing at school? What is the hardest thing for you at school? What kinds of things do teachers e) that help you? What kinds of things do teachers do that bother you? and What could we do at school to make things easier for you? Student responses are presented for each question. Results indicated that the major impact that teachers make on many students with learning problems is the personal relationship they develop with the student. The teacher who takes time to encourage or the teacher who gets frustrated because a student is slow in completing work has a major impact on how students feel about themselves and about their work :n general. It is suggested that if more students with disabilities are educated in inclusive settings, teachers need to be more aware of the way their tone of voice and quality of their interaction with students affects how well students learn and how frustrat. 'd they become with the entire educational system. (SW) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPAITTMENT EDUCATrLIN Office ol Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) erl'his document has been reproduced as rectaved from the person or organizahon originating it 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction Quality Points ol view or opinions stated inthis docu. ment do not necessarily represent official OERI posdion or policy TEACHER TRAITS STUDENTS FIND HELPFUL OR BOTHERSOME: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE INCLUSIVE CLASSROOM Dr. Sandra R. Lloyd University of Texas at El Paso Educational Psychology Department El Paso, TX 79968 Presented at the Annual Convention of International Council for Exceptional Children Indianapolis, Indiana April 6, 1995 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 2 'PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
NecroX-5 protects mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity and preserves PGC1α expression levels during hypoxia/reoxygenation injury

Although the antioxidant and cardioprotective effects of NecroX-5 on various in vitro and in vivo models have been demonstrated, the action of this compound on the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system remains unclear. Here we verify the role of NecroX-5 in protecting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity during hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR). Necrox-5 treatment (10 µM) and non-treatment were employed on isolated rat hearts during hypoxia/reoxygenation treatment using an ex vivo Langendorff system. Proteomic analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and non-labeling peptide count protein quantification. Real-time PCR, western blot, citrate synthases and mitochondrial complex activity assays were then performed to assess heart function. Treatment with NecroX-5 during hypoxia significantly preserved electron transport chain proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation and metabolic functions. NecroX-5 also improved mitochondrial complex I, II, and V function. Additionally, markedly higher peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC1α) expression levels were observed in NecroX-5-treated rat hearts. These novel results provide convincing evidence for the role of NecroX-5 in protecting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity and in preserving PGC1α during cardiac HR injuries.
Generalized Glycogenosis Type II (Pompe's Disease)

The characteristic clinical features of 2 cases of Pompe's disease are presented, namely, signs of a cardiomyopathy with skeletal hypotonia and a characteristic ECG with a short PR interval and high voltage QRS complexes. Glycogen storage disease is confirmed by staining tissue such as lymphocytes, liver, or skeletal muscle with PAS, and the same tissues may be examined for glycolytic enzyme activity in order to characterize the type of glycogen storage disease present.
Stem Cell Platforms for Regenerative Medicine

The pandemic of chronic degenerative diseases associated with aging demographics mandates development of effective approaches for tissue repair. As diverse stem cells directly contribute to innate healing, the capacity for de novo tissue reconstruction harbors a promising role for regenerative medicine. Indeed, a spectrum of natural stem cell sources ranging from embryonic to adult progenitors has been recently identified with unique characteristics for regeneration. The accessibility and applicability of the regenerative armamentarium has been further expanded with stem cells engineered by nuclear reprogramming. Through strategies of replacement to implant functional tissues, regeneration to transplant progenitor cells or rejuvenation to activate endogenous self‐repair mechanisms, the overarching goal of regenerative medicine is to translate stem cell platforms into practice and achieve cures for diseases limited to palliative interventions. Harnessing the full potential of each platform will optimize matching stem cell‐based biologics with the disease‐specific niche environment of individual patients to maximize the quality of long‐term management, while minimizing the needs for adjunctive therapy. Emerging discovery science with feedback from clinical translation is therefore poised to transform medicine offering safe and effective stem cell biotherapeutics to enable personalized solutions for incurable diseases.
Analyzing Flickr groups

There is an explosion of community-generated multimedia content available online. In particular, Flickr constitutes a 200-million photo sharing system where users participate following a variety of social motivations and themes. Flickr groups are increasingly used to facilitate the explicit definition of communities sharing common interests, which translates into large amounts of content (e.g. pictures and associated tags) about specific subjects. However, to our knowledge, an in-depth analysis of user behavior in Flickr groups remains open, as does the existence of effective tools to find relevant groups. Using a sample of about 7 million user-photos and about 51000 Flickr groups, we present a novel statistical group analysis that highlights relevant patterns of photo-to-group sharing practices. Furthermore, we propose a novel topic-based representation model for groups, computed from aggregated group tags. Groups are represented as multinomial distributions over semantically meaningful latent topics learned via unsupervised probabilistic topic modeling. We show this representation to be useful for automatically discovering groups of groups and topic expert-groups, for designing new group-search strategies, and for obtaining new insights of the semantic structure of Flickr groups.
The Beneficial Effect of Transversus Abdominis Plane Block After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Day-Case Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with postoperative pain of moderate intensity in the early postoperative period. Recent randomized trials have demonstrated the efficacy of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in providing postoperative analgesia after abdominal surgery. We hypothesized that a TAP block may reduce pain while coughing and at rest for the first 24 postoperative hours, opioid consumption, and opioid side effects in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in day-case surgery. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind study, 80 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in our day-case surgery unit were allocated to receive either bilateral ultrasound-guided posterior TAP blocks (20 mL 0.5% ropivacaine) or placebo blocks. Postoperative pain treatment consisted of oral acetaminophen 1000 mg × 4, oral ibuprofen 400 mg × 3, IV morphine (0–2 hours postoperatively), and oral ketobemidone (2–24 hours postoperatively). The primary outcome was postoperative pain scores while coughing calculated as area under the curve for the first 24 postoperative hours (AUC/24 h). Secondary outcomes were pain scores at rest (AUC/24 h), opioid consumption, and side effects. Patients were assessed 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours postoperatively. Group-wise comparisons of visual analog scale (VAS) pain (AUC/24 h) were performed with the 2-sample t test. Morphine and ketobemidone consumption were compared with the Mann-Whitney test for unpaired data. Categorical data were analyzed using the &khgr;2 test. RESULTS: The primary outcome variable, VAS pain scores while coughing (AUC/24 h), was significantly reduced in the TAP versus the placebo group (P = 0.04); group TAP: 26 mm (SD 13) (weighted average level) versus group placebo: 34 (18) (95% confidence interval): 0.5–15 mm). VAS pain scores at rest (AUC/24 h) showed no significant difference between groups. Median morphine consumption (0–2 hours postoperatively) was 7.5 mg (interquartile range: 5–10 mg) in the placebo group compared with 5 mg (interquartile range: 0–5 mg) in the TAP group (P < 0.001). The odds ratio of a random patient in group TAP having less morphine consumption than a random patient in group placebo was P (group TAP < group placebo) = 0.26 (confidence interval: 0.15, 0.37) where 0.5 represents no difference between groups. There were no between-group differences in total ketobemidone consumption, levels of nausea and sedation, number of patients vomiting, or consumption of ondansetron. CONCLUSIONS: TAP block after laparoscopic cholecystectomy may have some beneficial effect in reducing pain while coughing and on opioid requirements, but this effect is probably rather small.
Low complexity Linear Programming decoding of nonbinary linear codes

Linear Programming (LP) decoding of Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes has attracted much attention in the research community in the past few years. The aim of LP decoding is to develop an algorithm which has error-correcting performance similar to that of the Sum-Product (SP) decoding algorithm, while at the same time it should be amenable to mathematical analysis. The LP decoding algorithm has been derived for both binary and nonbinary decoding frameworks. However, the most important problem with LP decoding for both binary and nonbinary linear codes is that the complexity of standard LP solvers such as the simplex algorithm remain prohibitively large for codes of moderate to large block length. To address this problem, Vontobel et al. proposed a low complexity LP decoding algorithm for binary linear codes which has complexity linear in the block length. In this paper, we extend the latter work and propose a low-complexity LP decoding algorithm for nonbinary linear codes. We use the LP formulation for the nonbinary codes as a basis and derive a pair of primal-dual LP formulations. The dual LP is then used to develop the low-complexity LP decoding algorithm for nonbinary linear codes. The complexity of the proposed algorithm is linear in the block length and is limited mainly by the maximum check node degree. As a proof of concept, we also present a simulation result for a [80, 48] LDPC code defined over ℤ4 using quaternary phase-shift keying over the AWGN channel, and we show that the error-correcting performance of the proposed LP decoding algorithm is similar to that of the standard LP decoding using the simplex solver.
Plasma Testosterone and Testosterone Binding Affinities in Men with Impotence, Oligospermia, Azoospermia, and Hypogonadism

Mean plasma testosterone levels (± S.D.), using Sephadex LH-20 and competitive protein binding, were 629 ± 160 ng/100 ml for a group of 27 normal adult men, 650 ± 205 ng/100 ml for 27 impotent men with normal secondary sex characteristics, 644 ± 178 ng/100 ml for 20 men with oligospermia, and 563 ± 125 ng/100 ml for 16 azoospermic men. None of these values differ significantly. For 21 men with clinical evidence of hypogonadism the mean plasma testosterone (± S.D.), at 177 ± 122 ng/100 ml, differed significantly (P < 0·001) from that of the normal men. The mean testosterone binding affinities (as measured by the reciprocal of the quantity of plasma needed to bind 50% of 3H-testosterone tracer) were similar for normal, impotent, and oligospermic men. Though lower for azoospermic men the difference was not significant (P >0·1). For 12 of the 16 hypogonadal males the testosterone binding affinity was normal, but raised binding affinities, similar to those found in normal adult females or prepubertal boys (about twice normal adult male levels), were found in four cases of delayed puberty. These findings help to explain why androgen therapy is usually useless in the treatment of impotence.
Learning Disabilities in Arithmetic : Problem-Solving Differences and Cognitive Deficits

The complexity of the field of mathematics makes the study of any associated learning disability daunting. In theory, a mathematical learning disability can result from deficits in the ability to represent or process information used in one or all of the many areas of mathematics (e.g., arithmetic and geometry), or in one or a set of individual domains (e.g., theorems vs. graphing) within each of these areas (Russell & Ginsburg, 1984). One approach that can be used to focus the search for any such learning disability (LD) is to apply the models and methods used to study mathematical development in academically normal children to the study of children with poor achievement in mathematics (e.g., Geary & Brown, 1991). Unfortunately, for most mathematical domains, such as geometry and algebra, not enough is known about the normal development of the associated competencies to provide a systematic framework for the study of LD. Theoretical models and experimental methods are, however, sufficiently well developed in the areas of number, counting, and simple arithmetic to provide such a framework {Briars & Siegler, 1984; Geary, 1994; Gelman & Meck, 1983; Siegler, 1996; Siegler & Shrager,1984). The use of these models and methods to guide the study of children with LD has revealed a consistent pattern of cognitive strengths and weaknesses. These studies suggest that most children with LD are normal (i.e., performance is similar to academically normal peers) or only slightly delayed in the development of number concepts (Geary, Hamson, & Hoard, 2000; GrossTsur, Manor, & Shalev, 1996). At the same time, several studies have shown that many children with LD do not understand certain counting concepts (Geary, Bow-Thomas, & Yao, 1992; Geary, Hoard, & Hamson, 1999), and many studies have revealed that these children have a variety of deficits in simple arithmetic (Ackerman & Dykman, 1995; Barrouillet, Fayol, & Lathuli (re, 1997; Bull & Johnston, 1997; Garnett, & Fleischner, 1983; Geary, Brown, & Samaranayake, 1991; Geary, Widaman, Little, & Cormier, 1987; Jordan & Hanich, 2000; Jordan, Levine, & Huttenlocher, 1995; Jordan & Montani, 1997; Ostad, 1997, 1998a; Rasanen & Ahonen, 1995; Rourke, 1993; Svenson & Broquist, 1975). The deficits in the basic arithmetical competencies of children with LD (hereafter, arithmetical disability, or AD) have been found
Pulse-inversion-based fundamental imaging for contrast detection

Pulse-inversion-based fundamental imaging was experimentally investigated for the enhancement of contrast detection. The pulse-inversion technique involves two firings with inverted waveforms. When the returning echoes from the two firings are summed, the residue signal is limited to even-order harmonics for tissue. However, when the returning echoes are from microbubbles, the fundamental signal is not completely cancelled because the reaction of the bubbles under compression is different from that under rarefaction. Thus, with the application of pulse-inversion technique, the fundamental signal can be used to enhance the contrast-to-tissue ratio. In this paper, B-mode, pulse-inversion-based fundamental images were constructed with various transmit waveforms. Motion artifacts also were studied. The results indicate that the contrast-to-tissue ratio was significantly enhanced compared to that obtained using either conventional, fundamental imaging or second-harmonic imaging. Longer transmit pulses resulted in a better signal-to-noise ratio, but did not noticeably affect the nonlinear response of the bubbles. In addition, the optimal ratio of the magnitude of the positive pulse to that of the negative pulse was unity, in terms of avoiding the uncancelled, third-order response in the fundamental frequency range. It also was found that the pulse-inversion fundamental technique is highly sensitive to tissue motion because the fundamental tissue signal is not cancelled when motion is present.
Absence of HER2/neu gene expression in osteosarcoma and skeletal Ewing's sarcoma.

PURPOSE Osteosarcoma (OS) and skeletal Ewing's sarcoma (EWS), the most common pediatric primary bone tumors, are aggressive malignancies with a tendency for early pulmonary metastasis. Advances in therapy have increased the overall 5-year survival to approximately 70%; however, patients who relapse often fail to respond to salvage therapy. Thus, more effective adjuvant chemotherapy is needed for these patients. Several reports have claimed expression of the HER2/neu (c-erbB-2) gene in a high percentage of OSs and that its expression is a poor prognostic factor and have advocated monoclonal antibody therapy in those cases. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND RESULTS To validate the expression of HER2/neu in these tumors, archival cases of OS (n = 66) and EWS (n = 11) from 44 patients were assessed for HER2/neu gene expression by immunohistochemistry (DAKO rabbit polyclonal antibody A0485). Thirty-four cases (44%) demonstrated granular cytoplasmic staining, but none showed the distinct membranous staining characteristic of expression exhibited by breast carcinomas. To validate these immunohistochemical results, reverse transcription-PCR using RNA derived from archival material (n = 48) and several different primer pairs also failed to demonstrate the presence of amplifiable HER2/neu mRNA, although a known HER2/neu-positive breast carcinoma showed amplifiable mRNA. CONCLUSIONS Thus, in contrast to previous reports, our results demonstrate an absence of HER2/neu expression in OSs and EWSs. Our results show that HER2/neu is not expressed by these sarcomas, and we conclude that HER2/neu is therefore not an important prognostic factor and that anti-HER2/neu monoclonal antibody therapy is not appropriate for these patients.