Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COVERING “FINANCIAL TERRORISM”

The 2010 Greek financial crisis marks an important chapter in an era where the underlying maneuvers of private financial entities figure centrally in the wherewithal of Western nation states. Utilizing framing research, this study examines representation of the Greek crisis by US news media from December 2009 to July 2010. In contrast to the incident's coverage in the European and business press initially attributing the crisis to speculation and the manipulation of Greek debt, major US news media presented the event through specific event-driven frames that obscured knowledge of deeper causes. By drawing attention to dramatic events in Athens and the American stock markets, US outlets presented the financial crisis in narrow terms that blamed the event on alleged character flaws and ineptitudes of a nation and its people. This reportage legitimized proposals of economic austerity as reparation. In the midst of excessive business and financial-related information, the ability of US journalism to explain how and for whom transnational economic processes proceed remains provisional. Journalism prompting public discourse on such dynamics is crucial at present as the formulas hastening the Greek crisis now threaten industrialized countries throughout the West.
Unconditional Convergence in Manufacturing

Unlike economies as a whole, manufacturing industries exhibit strong unconditional convergence in labor productivity. The article documents this at various levels of disaggregation for a large sample covering more than 100 countries over recent decades. The result is highly robust to changes in the sample and specification. The coefficient of unconditional convergence is estimated quite precisely and is large, at between 2--3% in most specifications and 2.9% a year in the baseline specification covering 118 countries. The article also finds substantial sigma convergence at the two-digit level for a smaller sample of countries. Despite strong convergence within manufacturing, aggregate convergence fails due to the small share of manufacturing employment in low-income countries and the slow pace of industrialization. Because of data coverage, these findings should be as viewed as applying to the organized, formal parts of manufacturing. JEL Codes: O40, O14 Copyright 2013, Oxford University Press.
Multiple scales of selection influence the evolutionary emergence of novel pathogens

When pathogens encounter a novel environment, such as a new host species or treatment with an antimicrobial drug, their fitness may be reduced so that adaptation is necessary to avoid extinction. Evolutionary emergence is the process by which new pathogen strains arise in response to such selective pressures. Theoretical studies over the last decade have clarified some determinants of emergence risk, but have neglected the influence of fitness on evolutionary rates and have not accounted for the multiple scales at which pathogens must compete successfully. We present a cross-scale theory for evolutionary emergence, which embeds a mechanistic model of within-host selection into a stochastic model for emergence at the population scale. We explore how fitness landscapes at within-host and between-host scales can interact to influence the probability that a pathogen lineage will emerge successfully. Results show that positive correlations between fitnesses across scales can greatly facilitate emergence, while cross-scale conflicts in selection can lead to evolutionary dead ends. The local genotype space of the initial strain of a pathogen can have disproportionate influence on emergence probability. Our cross-scale model represents a step towards integrating laboratory experiments with field surveillance data to create a rational framework to assess emergence risk.
The poverty of postmodernism

Introduction: The Two Politics of Knowledge: Alterity and Mutuality Part I: The Politics of Disciplinary Knowledge 1. Postmodernism and (Post) Marxism 2. The Thereapeutic Disciplines: From Parsons to Foucault 3. The Disciplinary Society: From Weber to Foucault 4. The Penomenological Concept of Modern Knowledge and the Utopian Method of Marxist Economics 5. Orphic Marxism Part Two: The Politics of Mutual Knowledge 6. "Posting" Modernity: Bell and Jameson on the Social Bond - With An Allegory of the Body Politic 7. On the Regulative Idea of a Critical Social Science 8. Mutual Knowledge 9. The Mutuality of Science and Commonsense: An Essay on Political Trust Conclusion: The Commonsense Case Against Postrationalism
Suitability of Ti and Ni as diffusion barriers for III-V space solar cells

Experiments were performed in order to explore the potential of Ti and Ni as Cu diffusion barriers for III-V solar cells. Accelerated life testing with solar cells with 10 or 100nm thick Ti and Ni barriers at 300° C indicates that 10nm thick barriers show a better performance compared to 100nm thick barriers, but further experiments at a lower temperature are required to validate this conclusion. Accelerated life testing at 250° C with solar cells with various front contacts containing a Ti or Ni barrier shows that cells with Au/Ti/Cu, Ni/Cu and Au/Ni/Cu have a performance better than cells with Au/Cu contacts. The Au/Ti/Cu contact scheme appears to be most promising as cells with this contact scheme show degradation behaviour similar to that of cells with plain Au contacts.
Exposure Data 1 . 1 Identification of the agent 1

Description: Yellowish crystals or powder with a characteristic sulfurous odour (IFA, 2015) Melting point: 180–182 °C (HSDB, 2015) Density (at 20 °C): 1.42 g/cm3 (HSDB, 2015) Octanol/water partition coefficient: log Kow, 2.41 (HSDB, 2015) Water solubility: Moderately soluble (100–1000 mg/L) (ECHA, 2015) Dissociation constant: pKa 7.0 at 20 °C (HSDB, 2015) Volatility: Vapour pressure, 2.25 × 10−8 mm Hg at 20 °C (HSDB, 2015) Flash point: 243 °C (GESTIS, 2015) Conversion factor: 1 ppm = 6.83 mg/m3 (HSDB, 2015).
Interprofessional education in practice

Background: Undergraduate interprofessional education (IPE) is perceived by many in health and social care education to reduce barriers between the professions. In Aberdeen there has been an IPE programme with Robert Gordon University and University of Aberdeen, and 10 health and social care courses since 2003. The steering groups reported to the Scottish Government in 2008. It was recommended that IPE should be extended from classroom‐based learning experiences to practice‐based learning experiences.
A quantitative in vitro study of the chromatographic distribution and immunoglobulin characteristics of human blocking antibody.

This report describes the immunoglobulin and chromatographic characteristics of human blocking antibody. Studies were carried out on a pool of serum from 20 allergic donors who had been immunized with ragweed antigen E as a form of therapy for ragweed hay fever. The serum and serum fractions were subjected to chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex, CM-cellulose, DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G 200. Blocking activity was assayed by an in vitro technique: the inhibition of antigen E induced histamine release from isolated human leukocytes. This technique is more than 10 times as precise as the usual skin assay. Immunoglobulins were determined qualitatively by immunodiffusion against specific antisera and quantitatively by the Preer technique. Recovery of blocking activity was about 70%. In each fractionation procedure blocking antibody and IgG eluted together. Purified IgA had less than 1% the activity of IgG preparations and IgM antibody contributed less than 1% to the activity of the whole serum. Absorption of the serum with anti-IgA and treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol did not decrease its blocking titer, while absorption with anti-IgG caused a decrement of more than 97%. Circulating reaginic antibody appeared to account for less than 1% of the total serum activity. It was concluded that blocking activity is essentially a function of IgG molecules.
Parallel Preconditioning with Sparse Approximate Inverses

A parallel preconditioner is presented for the solution of general sparse linear systems of equations. A sparse approximate inverse is computed explicitly and then applied as a preconditioner to an iterative method. The computation of the preconditioner is inherently parallel, and its application only requires a matrix-vector product. The sparsity pattern of the approximate inverse is not imposed a priori but captured automatically. This keeps the amount of work and the number of nonzero entries in the preconditioner to a minimum. Rigorous bounds on the clustering of the eigenvalues and the singular values are derived for the preconditioned system, and the proximity of the approximate to the true inverse is estimated. An extensive set of test problems from scientific and industrial applications provides convincing evidence of the effectiveness of this approach.
Using genetic programming to optimise pricing rules for a double auction market

The mechanism design problem in economics is about designing rules of interaction for market games so they yield a globally desirable result in the face of self-interested agents. This problem, which is of importance for ecommerce since much ecommerce is carried out through auctions, can be extremely complex. Traditionally, economists have tried using game theory and other formal methods to construct suitable mechanism rules. However, analytical methods typically oversimplify the problem and so the resulting rules are not necessarily robust. In this paper, we report on an alternative approach which we hope will eventually yield more robust solutions. Our methodology views mechanism design as a multi-objective optimisation problem and addresses the problem using genetic programming.
The Adolescent Stress Response to a Naturalistic Driving Stressor

The proposed study examined the role of anxiety and risk-taking in driving performance in adolescents. In addition to examining the sample as a whole, gender differences were assessed given earlier reports from our laboratory and others indicating that males and females differ with respect to risky behaviors to driving performance and anxiety. Adolescents' subjective and physiological responses to a driving simulator task were assessed. Anxiety was measured via self report and salivary cortisol. Participants provided a baseline saliva sample and 3 post-task samples for cortisol analysis. Subjective anxiety scores were obtained at both baseline and following the driving stressor. Information concerning impulsivity, as well as other psychological constructs was also collected at baseline. Unlike the pilot study, there were no relationships (with or without respect to gender) between salivary cortisol and both self-reported anxiety (state and trait) or impulsively measures for this sample. These results suggest that this group of adolescents may not have been anxious about the driving task. This discrepancy may stem from error introduced by the smaller sample size obtained from the initial findings or to other factors remaining outside the parameters of the current study. The task did, however, induce a slight hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis response indicating some physiological arousal. Males had significantly higher cortisol levels at baseline than females and at time point 3 while approaching significance at time points 2 and 4. Females possessed significantly higher trait anxiety than males and all post task cortisol levels were positively correlated to age while time points 2 and 4 (with time point 3 approaching significance, p=0.09) were inversely correlated with Self Depreciation scores. Additionally, females had Persecutory Ideas scores that were also negatively correlated with cortisol at time points 3 and 4. For both the entire sample and males only, the correlation between post-task cortisol and driving performance was positive and approached significance (p=0.07 and p=0.08, respectively), suggesting that some HPA activation may be facilitative for successful driving task performance. Correlations between driving performance and psychological constructs were explored and discussed with and without respect to gender.
Aerodynamic efficiency of flapping flight: analysis of a two-stroke model

SUMMARY To seek the simplest efficient flapping wing motions and understand their relation to steady flight, a two-stroke model in the quasi-steady limit was analyzed. It was found that a family of two-stroke flapping motions have aerodynamic efficiency close to, but slightly lower than, the optimal steady flight. These two-stroke motions share two common features: the downstroke is a gliding motion and the upstroke has an angle of attack close to the optimal of the steady flight of the same wing. With the reduced number of parameters, the aerodynamic cost function in the parameter space can be visualized. This was examined for wings of different lift and drag characteristics at Reynolds numbers between 102 and 106. The iso-surfaces of the cost function have a tube-like structure, implying that the solution is insensitive to a specific direction in the parameter space. Related questions in insect flight that motivated this work are discussed.
Investigative interviewing as a therapeutic jurisprudential approach

In the idea of therapeutic jurisprudence, law enforcement actors are seen as therapeutic agents promoting crime victims’ and suspects’ psychological well-being in legal procedures. Contrary to psychological well-being bad demeanour or behaviour of law enforcement actors may cause a secondary victimization and obstruct legal procedures, and as a consequence of such obstructions be anti-therapeutic. An overwhelming majority of the special squad police officers have perceived, during their entire career, high stress due to exposure to different events in patrol as well as investigative duty. Reactions from such exposure have serious negative impacts on the police officers’ psychological well-being, and may also affect the interviewing approach they adopt. This paper discusses the definition and measurement of psychological well-being in relation to the perspective of investigative interviewing. Three studies regarding crime victims’ and suspects’ experiences as well as police officers’ view of investigative interviewing in consideration of Antonovsky’s sense of coherence are presented. Interviewees’ and interviewers’ experiences and interview outcomes with respect to psychological well-being will be discussed.
Serum Pharmacochemistry Analysis Using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS after Oral Administration to Rats of Shenfu Decoction

The purpose of this study was to study the serum pharmacochemistry of SFD as well as the material basis through analyzing the constituents absorbed in blood. The SFD was orally administrated to Wistar rats at 20 g·kg−1, and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) fingerprints of SFD were created. Serum samples were collected for analysis, and further data processing used MarkerLynx XS software. 19 ginsenosides and 16 alkaloids were detected in SFD. The absorption of alkaloids (mainly monoester diterpenoid alkaloids) increased when Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. was combined with Panax ginseng, while the ginsenosides remained stable. Diester diterpenoid alkaloids were not present in the serum samples. A suitable serum pharmacochemistry method was successfully established to study pharmacological effects and potential improvements in formulation. This may also be useful for toxicity reduction. We suspect that the increased absorption of the monoester diterpenoid alkaloids from the mixture of Panax and Radix, compared to the Panax only extract, may be the reason for the combination of the two herbs in popular medicine formulas in China.
Characterization of Cell Scaffolds by Atomic Force Microscopy

This review reports on the use of the atomic force microscopy (AFM) in the investigation of cell scaffolds in recent years. It is shown how the technique is able to deliver information about the scaffold surface properties (e.g., topography), as well as about its mechanical behavior (Young’s modulus, viscosity, and adhesion). In addition, this short review also points out the utilization of the atomic force microscope technique beyond its usual employment in order to investigate another type of basic questions related to materials physics, chemistry, and biology. The final section discusses in detail the novel uses that those alternative measuring modes can bring to this field in the future.
Genetic Susceptibility to Goldthioglucose-Induced Obesity in Mice.∗

Summary Five inbred strains of mice (C58, CBA, RIII, DBA and BALB/C) and 5 F1 hybrid combinations were studied with respect to effects of single injections of various concentrations of goldthioglucose on body weight gain and lethal toxicity. Gain in body weight and mortality following a single injection of goldthioglucose was dependent on strain of mice and amount injected. In general, there was a greater increase in weight gain when larger doses of goldthioglucose were administered. The C58, RIII, DBA and BALB/C strains of mice showed a relatively variable weight gain and mortality as compared to the CBA strain over the dose range of administered goldthioglucose. Mice of the latter strain were unique in that they showed a uniform response with respect to these 2 parameters. The F1 hybrid mice showed a weight gain response and a LD/100 dose comparable to that of the CBA strain.
Comparing and combining measurement-based and driven-dissipative entanglement stabilization

We demonstrate and contrast two approaches to the stabilization of qubit entanglement by feedback. Our demonstration is built on a feedback platform consisting of two superconducting qubits coupled to a cavity which are measured by a nearly-quantum-limited measurement chain and controlled by high-speed classical logic circuits. This platform is used to stabilize entanglement by two nominally distinct schemes: a "passive" reservoir engineering method and an "active" correction based on conditional parity measurements. In view of the instrumental roles that these two feedback paradigms play in quantum error-correction and quantum control, we directly compare them on the same experimental setup. Further, we show that a second layer of feedback can be added to each of these schemes, which heralds the presence of a high-fidelity entangled state in realtime. This "nested" feedback brings about a marked entanglement fidelity improvement without sacrificing success probability.
Effectiveness and safety of tolvaptan in liver cirrhosis patients with edema: Interim results of post‐marketing surveillance of tolvaptan in liver cirrhosis (START study)

Loop diuretics and spironolactone are used in patients with hepatic edema, but they are sometimes associated with insufficient responses as well as adverse events. Tolvaptan, a vasopressin type 2 receptor antagonist, was approved for hepatic edema in 2013. A large‐scale post‐marketing surveillance study has been carried out to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of tolvaptan in real‐world clinical settings.
Affective climate, organizational creativity, and knowledge creation: case study of an automotive company

This exploratory study investigates the relationship between affective climate and creativity as contributing factors to knowledge creation in organizations. Organizational creativity represents a source of new task-related ideas, implemented in the form of innovation. We argue that creativity is inherently linked to the process of knowledge creation embedded in the organizational context and related to social interaction. Our study identified several affective conditions that appear to be present when the professional environment supports creativity. These findings suggest that affective climate does influence the organizational setting, fostering or inhibiting organizational creativity.
Memories of Parent Behaviors and Adult Attachment in Childhood Cancer Survivors.

PURPOSE Childhood cancer is stressful for the entire family. Preoccupation and anxiety surrounding the child's illness may result in parents of children with cancer being overprotective or less emotionally responsive toward their children. Such parenting in response to a negative life event like childhood cancer may cause survivors to be more insecurely attached than healthy peers, which could have downstream effects on survivors' romantic relationships later in life. Therefore, we examined survivors' perspectives on parent behaviors, adult attachment, and marital status among adult survivors of childhood cancer relative to controls. METHODS One hundred forty-nine young adult survivors and 149 matched controls (Mage = 28, range 20-40) indicated their relationship status (single vs. partnered) and completed standardized questionnaires assessing memories of upbringing (warmth, overprotection, rejection) and adult attachment (avoidance, anxiety). RESULTS Adult survivors of childhood cancer remembered mothers and fathers as emotionally warmer (d = 0.53/0.30), and mothers as less rejecting than controls (d = 0.30). Adult attachment was overall similar between survivors and controls, but partnered survivors reported particularly low attachment-related anxiety. Childhood cancer was related to higher mother and father warmth, which were associated with lower attachment-related avoidance and in turn with a greater likelihood of being in a relationship. CONCLUSION Adult childhood cancer survivors did not remember their parents as overprotective, but reported more positive parenting relative to controls; and similar adult attachment and relationship status. The results were unexpected, but offer novel insights for future prospective studies, which are necessary to better understand psychosocial late effects of childhood cancer.
Mitogen‐activated protein kinases activated by lipopolysaccharide and β‐amyloid in cultured rat microglia

TO test whether mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are involved in microglial activation, pure microglia prepared from 1- to 3-day-old rat brains were activated with either 10 0 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or 5 nM synthetic β-amyloid (Aβ) (25-35). The patterns of MAPK activation following LPS and Aβ treatment were very similar. Three MAPK subtypes, p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N- terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK) were activated within 1 5 min and the activities of p38 and ERK were rapidly reduced to background level within 3 0 min while that of JNK was maintained for over 1 h. Both inhibitors of p38 (SB203580) and ERK pathway (PD098059) reduced LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) release and A β-induced tumor necrosis factor α-(TNF-α) release. Furthermore, co-treatment of SB203580 and PD098059 additively reduced NO and TNF α-release. These results suggest that MAPK, at least p38 and ERK, mediate LPS-, and Aβ-induced microglial activation.