Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cultural Standards of Attractiveness: A Thirty-Year Look at Changes in Male Images in Magazines

This study examined images of male bodies in the popular magazines GQ, Rolling Stone, and Sports Illustrated, from 1967 to 1997. A sample of images was analyzed using an eight-point scale measuring levels of body fat and muscularity. Findings suggest that the male bodies featured in these magazines became more lean, muscular, and V-shaped (featuring a broad chest tapering to a narrow waist) over the years. Leanness and V-shape increased dramatically from the 1960s and 1970s to the 1980s, declining slightly in the 1990s. Muscularity increased progressively over the years, reaching its highest level in the 1990s.
Stress, Burnout, and Job Satisfaction

Basic-level police work in China is regarded as highly stressful. The purpose of this article is to examine the relationship between stress, job satisfaction, job burnout, and locus of control as related to the police work. The article consists of an empirical study with a sample of 521 basic-level policemen and policewomen in an autonomous region of China. Participants completed a series of questionnaires that included Police Stress Questionnaire, the Overall Job Satisfaction Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Internality, Powerful Others, and Chance Scale. The results indicated that police stress was negatively related to job satisfaction, whereas it was positively related to job burnout. The relationship between police stress and job satisfaction was mediated by job burnout. Locus of control acted as a moderator in the stress–burnout relationship as well as in the burnout–satisfaction relationship. The findings had certain practical implications for mental health, police management, and personnel recruitment of police in China.
Compound words and structure in the lexicon

The structure of lexical entries and the status of lexical decomposition remain controversial. In the psycholinguistic literature, one aspect of this debate concerns the psychological reality of the morphological complexity difference between compound words (teacup) and single words (crescent). The present study investigates morphological decomposition in compound words using visual lexical decision with simultaneous magnetoencephalography (MEG), comparing compounds, single words, and pseudomorphemic foils. The results support an account of lexical processing which includes early decomposition of morphologically complex words into constituents. The behavioural differences suggest internally structured representations for compound words, and the early effects of constituents in the electrophysiological signal support the hypothesis of early morphological parsing. These findings add to a growing literature suggesting that the lexicon includes structured representations, consistent with previous findings supporting early morphological parsing using other tasks. The results do not favour two putative constraints, word length and lexicalisation, on early morphological-structure based computation.
The Selective Perception of Managers Revisited

Results of a systematic replication of studies by Dearborn and Simon and by Walsh suggest that differences in their conclusions resulted from differences in their experimental procedures. Managers are broader perceivers when they are encouraged to identify more problems. Also, contrary to Walsh's and others' theories, in this replication belief structure did not mediate the relationship between functional experience and selective perception. In addition, predominantly negative relationships were found between areas of experience and perceptions, indicating that functional experience may produce selective imperception as well as selective perception.
The Influence of Social Class Behavior Upon Adult Education Participation

This paper discusses theoretical bases of methodology and the concept of social class as used in participation studies; and a descriptive study and analytic survey of adult education programs of a middle sized city. The goal of the study was to ascertain what parts of the population are most likely to participate; what factors are influential to participation; and what barriers keep those individuals from participating in an adult education activity. The study describes the subjects, modes of instruction, agencies, clientele, and the interconnections between these elements. The analytic survey using matched sample of male middle class and working class participants and non-participants traces connections of adult education participation and other facets in social life, i.e. vocations, jobs, leisure pursuits, etc. Emphasis is on differ ences between higher/lower socio-economic groups. Findings and implications of working class adults are presented; methodological suggestion are given for further adult education participation research.
Power Flow Control for Efficiency Improvement in a Forward-Flyback Mixed Converter

A novel DC-DC converter have been proposed in the previous paper where both the forward and the flyback actions are mixed. This novel converter has some prominent features of the voltage reduction for the main switch, the current-ripple reduction of output inductor, the size reduction, and the power loss reduction. This converter is named "forward-flyback-mixed converter" and is abbreviated as "FFB converter". And, this paper is clarified that the efficiency improvement is achieved with power flow control for efficiency improvement, moreover it is experimentally analyzed that the efficiency of FFB changes compared with the third winding.
Justifying Actions by Accruing Arguments

This paper offers a logical formalisation of an argument-based account of reasoning about action, taking seriously the abductive nature of this form of reasoning. The particular question addressed is what is the best way to achieve a specified goal? Given a set of final goals and a set of rules on the effects of actions, the formation of subgoals for a goal is formalised as the application of an inference rule corresponding to the practical syllogism well-known from practical philosophy. Positive and negative applications of the practical syllogism are then accrued as a way to capture the positive and negative side effects of an action. Positive accruals can be attacked by negative accruals and by arguments for alternative ways to achieve the same goal. Defeat relations between accrued action arguments are determined in terms of the values promoted and demoted by the actions considered in the arguments. Applying preferred semantics to the result then yields the admissible ways to achieve the desired goal.
Randomized, Placebo-controlled Crossover Study of Dalfampridine Extended-release in Transverse Myelitis

Background Dalfampridine has the potential to be effective in patients with transverse myelitis (TM) as this rare disorder shares some clinical and pathogenic similarities with multiple sclerosis. Methods This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of dalfampridine extended-release (D-ER, Ampyra®). Sixteen adult study participants with monophasic TM confirmed by MRI were enrolled if their baseline timed 25-foot walking speed was between 5 and 60 seconds. Participants were randomized to receive 10 mg twice-daily doses of either D-ER or placebo control for eight weeks, then crossed over to the second arm of placebo or dalfampridine for eight weeks. The primary outcome measure was the timed 25-foot walk. Results Of 16 enrolled participants, three withdrew and 13 completed the trial. Among the 13 completers, nine individuals showed an average timed walk that was faster in the D-ER arm compared to the placebo arm, but only four participants met the stricter statistical threshold to be classified as a responder. Analyses of secondary clinical outcome measures including strength, balance assessments, spasticity, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score showed trends toward improvement with D-ER. Conclusions D-ER may be beneficial in TM to improve walking speed and other neurological functions.
Biological control of Culicidae with the copepod Mesocyclops aspericornis and larvivorous fish (Poeciliidae) in a village of French Polynesia

Abstract. The copepod Mesocyclops aspericornis Daday and the larvivorous fishes Gambusia affinis (B. & G.) and Poecilia reticulata R. & B. , were released into mosquito breeding sites in Tuherahera village, Tikehau atoll, French Polynesia, to control larvae of Aedes aegypti (L.), Ae.polynesiensis Marks, Culex annulirostris Skuse and Cx quinquefasciatus Say. Treatments were completed within a week, in January 1990.
Chaos: A Statistical Perspective

and 5 continue with material investigating the comparison and monotonicity of stochastic models and processes. In the concluding chapters (6–8), the authors turn their attention to applications of stochastic orders. Chapter 6 focuses on queuing theory. In particular, the application of stochastic orders to single-server and multiserver systems is considered. Chapter 7 pursues applications to some stochastic models. Applications in reliability, PERT and scheduling, and statistical physics are developed. Chapter 8 concludes the book by addressing applications to comparison of risks. The authors consider applications to  nance (portfolio optimization) and actuarial risks (investigation of the dependencies between individual claims on the riskiness of portfolios). It should be said that the book requires a considerable background in stochastic models in some places. However, the authors provide a very logical organization, and their eye is always toward application.
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor during embryonic angiogenesis and endothelial cell differentiation.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a secreted angiogenic mitogen whose target cell specificity appears to be restricted to vascular endothelial cells. Such factors are likely candidates for regulatory molecules involved in endothelial growth control. We have characterized the murine VEGF gene and have analysed its expression pattern in embryogenesis, particularly during brain angiogenesis. Analysis of cDNA clones predicted the existence of three molecular forms of VEGF which differ in size due to heterogeneity at the carboxy terminus of the protein. The predicted mature proteins consist of 120, 164 or 188 amino acid residues. Homodimers of the two lower molecular weight forms, but not of the higher molecular weight form, were secreted by COS cells transfected with the corresponding cDNAs and were equally potent in stimulating the growth of endothelial cells. During brain development, VEGF transcript levels were abundant in the ventricular neuroectoderm of embryonic and postnatal brain when endothelial cells proliferate rapidly but were reduced in the adult when endothelial cell proliferation has ceased. The temporal and spatial expression of VEGF is consistent with the hypothesis that VEGF is synthesized and released by the ventricular neuroectoderm and may induce the ingrowth of capillaries from the perineural vascular plexus. In addition to the transient expression during brain development, a persistent expression of VEGF was observed in epithelial cells adjacent to fenestrated endothelium, e.g. in choroid plexus and in kidney glomeruli. The data are consistent with a role of VEGF as a multifunctional regulator of endothelial cell growth and differentiation.
Anti-rotavirus G type-specific and isotype-specific antibodies in children with natural rotavirus infections.

Serum VP7 (G) type- and isotype-specific anti-rotavirus antibodies were assessed among children monitored longitudinally over one or two rotavirus seasons in day care centers. Seventy-five pairs of blood specimens from 63 children were tested for anti-rotavirus antibodies. Stool specimens were collected weekly and tested for rotavirus antigen. G typing of detected rotaviruses showed that seven outbreaks of G1 and one of G3 occurred during the two seasons. G type-specific responses to the outbreak strain occurred among 79% of infected children and 9% of children with infection not detected (P < .001). Of children infected with G1, 54% had a heterotypic response; they were older (P = .048) and had higher preexisting G1 antibody levels than children who had only homotypic responses (P = .012). Higher IgA, IgG, and homotypic antibody levels to the antigenic site C of the G1 and G3 VP7s correlated with protection against infection and illness, homotypic antibody independently of IgA or IgG titers.
The effect of static magnetic fields on the rate of calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of myosin light chain.

This study reports an attempt to confirm a published and well-defined biological effect of magnetic fields. The biological model investigated was the phosphorylation of myosin light chain in a cell free system. The rate of phosphorylation has been reported to be affected in an approximately linear manner by static magnetic field strengths in the range 0-200 microT. We performed three series of experiments, two to test the general hypothesis and a third that was a direct replication of published work. We found no effect of static magnetic field strength on the rate of phosphorylation. Hence, we were unable to confirm that weak static magnetic fields affect the binding of calcium to calmodulin. In view of the difficulty we and other authors have had making independent verifications of claimed biological effects of magnetic fields, we would urge caution in the interpretation of published data until they have been independently confirmed. There are still few well defined biological effects of low level magnetic fields that have been successfully transferred to an independent laboratory.
The National Curriculum: Is it working?

1. Introduction 2. Sue Butterfield - assessment, progression and breadth 3. Duncan Graham - examines changes in subject range, content and in particular breadth 4. Clyde Chitty - explores the position that has been reached in curriculum planning. Martin Mac an Ghaill - explores the implications of the introduction of the National Curriculum 6. Conclusions.
Learning and Assessment: exposing the inconsistencies of theory and practice

Abstract The arguments presented in this article are based on the assumption that those involved in education hold particular views about the nature of learning and its relation to assessment. This article uses the insights that can be gained from recent research into students’ learning approaches and concepts of learning to identify inconsistencies between espoused theories of learning expressed in many policy statements and the theory that actually informs assessment practice. Specific areas of inconsistency are identified such as that between reproductive learning and a search for meaning and perceptions of the learner as a passive absorber of pre‐existing information as opposed to being the active agent for change. The article concludes by arguing that the rhetoric of curriculum reform with its references to the development of understanding, and life long learning is meaningless. Those objectives are unlikely to be achieved unless the accompanying assessment reflects the same theoretical principles.
Estimating the relationship between disease progression and cost of care in dementia

Background Previous studies have shown a positive relationship between disease severity and cost. Aims To explore the factors affecting time to institutionalisation and estimate the relationship between the costs of care and disease progression. Method Retrospective analysis of a longitudinal data-set for a cohort of 100 patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia. Results Changes in both Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Barthel scores have independent and significant marginal effects on costs. Each one-point decline in the MMSE score is associated with a £56 increase in the four-monthly costs, whereas each one-point fall in the Barthel index is associated with a £586 increase in costs. Conclusions It may be inappropriate for economic models of disease progression in dementia to be based solely on measures of cognitive change. MMSE and the Barthel index are independent significant predictors of time to institutionalisation and cost of care, but changes in the Barthel index are particularly important in predicting costs outside institutional care.
Coping with sexual assault: The roles of account-making and confiding

A study was conducted to evaluate the roles of account-making (i.e., story-like constructions involving explanations, reported memories, description, and emotional expression) and confiding in empathic others as facilitators of recovery for survivors of sexual assault. Twenty-five women and one man anonymously participated in a questionnaire study that asked them to provide accounts of instances of sexual assault, their own and other's reactions to the assault, and their perceptions of the impact of the assault on aspects of their lives. Respondents' reactions were coded and classified by independent raters. Consistent with parts of the theoretical conception, included among the findings were the following: (1) account-making was positively associated with successful coping and with helpful confidant reactions; (2) empathic confidant reactions occurring early after the assault led to more successful coping than did nonempathic reactions occurring either in the first twelve months or later after the assault; and (3) incest survivors indicated that they had more difficulty in coping and in their close relationships than did nonincest survivors. The data are discussed in terms of the value of story-construction activities and confiding as vital to the recovery process.
Personality Correlates of Workplace Anti-Social Behavior.

La relation entre le comportement antisocial au travail (ASB) et des traits de personnalite generaux a eteetudiee sur un echantillon compose de 267 salaries coreens. L’ASB au travail a ete conceptualisea partir de deux dimensions, l’ASB dirigee contre les individues (ASBI) et l’ASB dirigee contre l’organisation (ASBO). La personnalite a eteevaluee grâce au Big Five et a un sixieme facteur ≪honnetete-humilite≫ (Ashton & Lee, 2001). Les analyses de regression multiple indiquerent que l’honnetete-humilite et l’extraversion jouaient un role essentiel dans la prediction de l’ASBI et de l’ASBO. De plus, Agreeablenessetait reliee a l’ASBI tandis que Conscientiousness l’etait a l’ASBO. On parle aussi de la necessite d’adopter un modele optimal des traits de personnalite. The relationship between workplace Anti-Social Behavior (ASB) and higher-order personality traits was investigated using a sample of 267 Korean employees. Workplace ASB was conceptualized as having two dimensions: ASB directed against individuals (ASBI) and ASB directed against the organization (ASBO). Personality was assessed using adjective measures of the Big Five factors and of a sixth factor, Honesty-Humility (Ashton & Lee, 2001). Multiple regression analyses indicated that Honesty-Humility and Extraversion played prominent roles in predicting both ASBI and ASBO. Also, Agreeableness was related to ASBI, whereas Conscientiousness was related to ASBO. The importance of adopting an optimal framework of personality traits was discussed.
Prefrontal cortex dysfunction and depression in atypical parkinsonian syndromes

Depressive symptoms are common in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Imaging studies suggest that a disruption of frontal–subcortical pathways may underlie depression associated with basal ganglia disease. This pilot study tested the hypothesis that frontal dysfunction contributes to depression associated with multiple system atrophy (MSA) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Depressed patients with MSA (n = 11), PSP (n = 9), and age‐matched controls (n = 25) underwent measures of cerebral glucose metabolism applying positron emission tomography with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose. Regional metabolism in the patient groups was compared to the normal subjects using the voxel‐based statistical parametric mapping. Depressive symptom severity (Hamilton Depression Rating) and degree of locomotor disability (Hoehn & Yahr) were assessed in the patient groups. The association between prefrontal metabolism and the occurrence of depressive symptoms and the degree of locomotor disability was investigated. When compared to controls, MSA patients revealed significant metabolic decreases in bilateral frontal, parietal, and cerebellar cortex and in the left putamen. In PSP patients, significant hypometabolism was demonstrated in bilateral frontal cortex, right thalamus, and midbrain. Depression severity but not the patients' functional condition was significantly associated with dorsolateral prefrontal glucose metabolism in both patient groups. The findings of this pilot study support the hypothesis that depressive symptoms in MSA and PSP are associated with prefrontal dysfunction. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Enhancing buffer dimensioning for Multipath TCP

Multipath transport communication solutions gain traction in the communication networks industry. In particular, Multipath Transport Control Protocol (MPTCP) emerges as a viable transport protocol, as it is conceived as a TCP extension, incrementally deployable in the legacy Internet. MPTCP might improve throughput provided that the TCP buffers are big enough, otherwise the opposite may happen. When facing a situation with many paths available, it might be efficient for MPTCP not to use all of them to prevent throughput degradation because of head-of-line blocking. How many paths should be used remains an open question. Depending on the use case, it may be important to keep a path alive for confidentiality reasons or because of the financial cost associated with transmitting over the other paths. We document the MPTCP-NUMERICS tool we developed to manage MPTCP buffers. MPTCP-NUMERICS tries to take into account the MPTCP flow control constraints as well as policy-based constraints in order to answer such questions.
Conflict Resolution in Families With Adolescents

Conflict resolution was examined in a 26-min seminaturalistic Family Social Interaction Task in 93 families with 5th through 12th graders. Families were consistent in their success in resolving conflicts but not in the particular solutions achieved. Adolescent concession declined from preadolescence to mid-adolescence, and conflicts were left unresolved more in families with boys than girls. Families compromised more over regulating the adolescent's behavior than over the adolescents' personal style (appearances, personality, health, and hygiene) and homework; conflicts over chores and interpersonal relations were more difficult to resolve than conflicts over personal style. In families with boys, compromise was predicted by less constraining interactions, whereas in families with girls, compromise was predicted by low ratings of the importance of the conflictual issues and fewer maternal conventional justifications for disputes. Findings are discussed in terms of research on adolescent development and fa.
Real-time garbage collection for Java

Automatic memory management or garbage collection greatly simplifies the development of large systems. However, garbage collection is usually not used in real-time systems due to the unpredictable temporal behavior of current implementations of a garbage collector. In this paper we propose a concurrent collector that is scheduled periodically in the same way as ordinary application threads. We provide an upper bound for the collector period so that the application threads never run out of memory