Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entwicklungsgefährdungen im Bereich sozialer Kompetenzen bei 3- bis 6-jährigen Kindern in Kindertageseinrichtungen

12 % der Einschuler in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (M-V) weisen sozial-emotionale Entwicklungsverzogerungen auf. Die Ermittlung des individuellen Forderbedarfs und des Einflusses potentieller Risikofaktoren auf die Auspragung sozialer Kompetenzen sind Voraussetzungen fur die Entwicklung kindspezifischer Praventionsmasnahmen fur Kindertageseinrichtungen (KiTas) in M-V. Daten wurden mittels „Dortmunder Entwicklungsscreening fur den Kindergarten” und einem auf dem Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurvey (KiGGS) basierenden Elternfragebogen erhoben. An der Studie nahmen 870 drei- bis sechsjahrige Kinder teil (Response: 92.4 %). 599 Kinder wurden in die Analysen aufgenommen. 15.4 % der Kinder sind in ihrer sozialen Entwicklung gefahrdet, 7.7 % fraglich gefahrdet. Als statistisch signifikante Risikofaktoren wurden sprachlich-kognitive Entwicklungsgefahrdungen, mannliches Geschlecht und niedriger/mittlerer Sozialstatus identifiziert. Unregelmasiger Kindergartenbesuch, Alter, unvollstandige Teilnahme an Fruherkennungsunte.
Explaining politics: An empirical test of competing value measures

Values have long played a major role both in the analysis of political culture and as an explanatory concept relating to human attitudes and action: in fact, their scientific significance depends crucially on their explanatory function. After more than three decades of debate about the rise of postmaterialism and Inglehart's particular value measure, this rationale appears at times to be lost. This article examines the crucial issue of value's potential to explain political phenomena. How much can the postmaterialism-materialism instrument explain? Are there alternative operationalisations of values that have greater utility? The empirical analysis, based upon a representative survey conducted in Germany in 1992, leads to the surprisingly unambiguous result that among different value measures, Inglehart's variant explains the least.
Zeroing In on Mindfulness Facets: Similarities, Validity, and Dimensionality across Three Independent Measures

The field of mindfulness has seen a proliferation of psychometric measures, characterised by differences in operationalisation and conceptualisation. To illuminate the scope of, and offer insights into, the diversity apparent in the burgeoning literature, two distinct samples were used to examine the similarities, validity, and dimensionality of mindfulness facets and subscales across three independent measures: the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS), and Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS). Results revealed problematic associations of FFMQ Observe with the other FFMQ facets and supported a four-factor structure (omitting this facet), while disputing the originally envisaged five-factor model; thus, solidifying a pattern in the literature. Results also confirmed the bidimensional nature of the PHLMS and TMS subscales, respectively. A joint Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed that PHLMS Acceptance could be assimilated within the FFMQ’s four-factor model (as a distinct factor). The study offers a way of understanding interrelationships between the available mindfulness scales, so as to help practitioners and researchers make a more informed choice when conceptualising and operationalising mindfulness.
Theory of mind ability in children with specific language impairment

Whilst evidence of theory of mind impairments in children with autism is well established, possible impairments in children with language disorder have only recently been investigated. Children with specific language impairment aged between eight and 12 years were matched by age and gender to high functioning children with autism and normally developing peers. The theory of mind abilities of the groups were compared using the strange stories task. Both the children with specific language impairment and the children with autism gave fewer correct mental state answers than normally developing children, but whereas the children with autism gave more inappropriate mental state answers than the children who were developing normally, the children who were developing normally and the children with language disorders did not differ in this respect. These findings are discussed within the context of theory of mind issues in autism and the classification of language disorders.
Bovine Herpesviral Encephalitis: A Retrospective Study on Archived Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Brain Tissue

1. Binn LN, Lazar EC, Eddy GA, et al.: 1970, Recovery and characterization of a minute virus of canines. Infect Immun 1:503508. 2. Carmichael LE, Binn LN: 1981, New enteric viruses in the dog. In: Advances in veterinary science and comparative medicine, ed. Cornelius CE, Simpson CF, pp. 1-37. Academic Press, New York, NY. 3. Carmichael LE, Schlafer DH, Hashimoto A: 1991, Pathogenicity of minute virus of canines (MVC) for the canine fetus. Cornell Vet 81:151-171. 4. Carmichael LE, Schlafer DH, Hashimoto A: 1994, Minute virus of canines (MVC, canine parvovirus type-1): pathogenicity for pups and Seroprevalence estimate. J Vet Diagn Invest 6:165-174. 5. Eugster AK, Nairn C: 1977, Diarrhea in puppies: parvoviruslike particles demonstrated in their feces. Southwest Vet 30:5960. 6. Harrison LR, Styer EL, Pursell AR, et al.: 1992, Fatal disease in nursing puppies associated with minute virus of canines. J Vet Diagn Invest 4:19-22. 7. Jonsson L, Magnusson C, Book M, et al.: 1988, Monoclonal antibodies applied in an immunoperoxidase method for detection of parvovirus in specimens of small intestine from dog and mink. Acta Vet Scand 29:263-264. 8. Macartney L, McCandlish IAP, Thompson H, et al.: 1984, Canine parvovirus enteritis 1: clinical, haematological and pathological features of experimental infection. Vet Rec 115:201-210.
The Teacher and Classmate Support Scale

This article presents results on the factor structure, testretest reliability and external validity of the Teacher and Classmate Support scale, a brief self-report measure on perceived support from teachers and classmates. The main study included 315 13-year-olds and 366 15-year-olds. At 7-10 days after the main study, a subsample of 57 13-year-olds and 51 15-year-olds took part in a retest study. A confirmatory factor analysis of the scale showed that a correlated 2-factor model fitted the data well in both age groups, indicating that the division into a teacher and a classmate subscale is a valid measurement model. Both subscales correlated moderately with school motivation, but weakly with a measure on subjective health complaints. Convergent validity was indicated by moderate to strong relationships between the teacher subscale and an independent measure on teacher support, and by moderate relationships between the classmate subscale and an independent measure on friend support. Test-retest correlations were 0.69 for the teacher subscale and 0.74 for the classmate subscale. The scale offers promise as a parsimonious self-report measure on classmate and teacher support, but more evidence is needed before the scale can be recommended for wider research purposes.
Helminth antigen‐based strategy to ameliorate inflammation in an experimental model of colitis

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the most common and serious chronic inflammatory condition of the gut. Among the distinct T helper (Th) cell subsets, a Th1 type response is associated predominantly with Crohn's disease (CD) while helminth infections generate a strong Th2 type response. IBD is most prevalent in developed countries but rare in countries where infections with helminths are common. Thus, it has been hypothesized that infection with helminth infection influence the development of CD and recent clinical and experimental studies suggest strongly a beneficial role of helminth infection in IBD. In the present study we examined the effects of rectal submucosal administration of helminth antigens on subsequent experimental colitis. Mice were treated with Trichinella spiralis antigens prior to the induction of dinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (DNBS)‐induced colitis and were killed 3 days post‐DNBS to assess colonic damage macroscopically, histologically and by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cytokine levels. Previous treatment with T. spiralis antigens reduced the severity of colitis significantly, as assessed macroscopically and histologically, and reduced the mortality rate. This benefit was correlated with a down‐regulation of MPO activity, interleukin (IL)‐1β production and iNOS expression and an up‐regulation of IL‐13 and transforming growth factor‐β production in colon. These results clearly show a beneficial role of local treatment with helminth antigens for experimental colitis and prompt consideration of helminth antigen‐based therapy for IBD instead of infection with live parasites.
Level of Specialization and Place Attachment: An Exploratory Study of Whitewater Recreationists

Level of specialization among whitewater recreationists and their attachment to a popular whitewater recreation river in the western United States, the South Fork of the American River, were investigated. Level of specialization was based on individuals' response to a specialization index consisting of 21 different items theoretically linked to level of specialization. Three levels of specialists were identified. Further, dimensions within level of specialization were analyzed to determine their relationship to each place attachment dimension. Attachment was measured by means of a place attachment scale (Moore & Graefe, 1994; Williams & Roggenbuck, 1989). Using principal-components analysis, three place attachment dimensions were identified and named: place dependence, place identity, and lifestyle. A relationship was noted between level of specialization, subsequent dimensions, and place attachment dimensions (i.e., experience level, centrality to lifestyle, involvement, skill level, and expenditure leve.
Nelfinavir Induces Liposarcoma Apoptosis through Inhibition of Regulated Intramembrane Proteolysis of SREBP-1 and ATF6

Purpose: We previously reported that nelfinavir (NFV) induces G1 cell-cycle block and apoptosis selectively in liposarcoma cell lines due to increased SREBP-1 (sterol regulatory element binding protein-1) expression in the absence of increased transcription. We postulate that NFV interferes with regulated intramembrane proteolysis of SREBP-1 and ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6). Experimental Design: Time-lapse, confocal microscopic studies show that NFV inhibits the nuclear translocation of full-length SREBP-1–EGFP and ATF6–EGFP fusion proteins. siRNA-mediated knockdown of site-1 protease (S1P) and/or site-2 protease (S2P) leads to inhibition of SREBP-1 intracellular trafficking to the nucleus and reduces liposarcoma cell proliferation. Treatment of LiSa-2 liposarcoma cells with 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin, a serine protease inhibitor of S1P, did not affect SREBP-1 processing. In contrast, 1,10-phenanthroline, an S2P-specific inhibitor, reproduces the molecular and biological phenotypes observed in NFV-treated cells, which implicates S2P as a target of NFV. In vivo evaluation of NFV in a murine liposarcoma xenograft model leads to inhibition of tumor growth without significant toxicity. Results: NFV-induced upregulation of SREBP-1 and ATF6 results from inhibition of S2P, which together with S1P mediates regulated intramembrane proteolysis from their precursor to their transcriptionally active forms. The resulting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and concurrent inhibition of the unfolded protein response induce caspase-mediated apoptosis. Conclusions: These results provide new insight into the mechanism of NFV-mediated induction of ER stress and cell death in liposarcomas and are the first to report targeting S2P for cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 17(7); 1796–806. ©2011 AACR.
Qualidade de vida em estudantes de Medicina no início e final do curso: avaliação pelo Whoqol-bref

The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life of first and last-year medical students. A cross-sectional study was performed using the brief format of the World Health Organization instrument for evaluating quality of life (Whoqol-bref) in a sample of 370 medical students from Recife, Pernambuco State Brazil (229 first-year and 141 last-year students). According to the findings, scores from the psychological health domain were lower for last-year as compared to first-year students (p < 0,005). This difference remained after covariance analysis (Ancova). As for scores in the physical health domain, social relationships, and the environment, there were no significant differences between first and last-year students. For self-rated quality of life, first-year students showed better results (3,87 vs. 3,39; p < 0,001). There was no statistically significant difference in health-related self-satisfaction; 3,94 vs. 3,62 (p = 0,099). In conclusion, medical students' quality of life declines during medical school as measured by the Whoqol-bref psychological health domain. Further research is needed to identify the factors leading to these changes in quality of life among medical students during their undergraduate training.
Hematological values for adult free-ranging pronghorns.

Hematological parameters for 112 free-ranging, adult pronghorns (Antilocapra amcricana) trapped in southeastern Alberta were obtained in 1973 and 1974. Mean erythrocyte, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate values were 11.46 × 106/mm3. 51.66%, 18.32 g/dl. and 12.28 mm/24 h. respectively. Mean leukocyte number in pronghorns was 5.02 × 103/mm3. of which 65.8% were neutrophils; lymphocytes comprised 31.5% of while cells. Mean monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil numbers, collectively, represented less than 3% of total leukocytes. Hematocrit and hemoglobin values were significantly greater in females than in males. Significant (P < 0.05) differences in hematological values were associated with year of sampling, duration of capture time before blood sampling, and rectal temperature.
Studies in subjective probability III: The unimportance of alternatives

In four experiments, student subjects were asked to estimate probabilities for a list of two to ten exhaustive, non-chance events, covering a variety of situations, both of prediction and diagnosis. Only in the two-alternative case a majority gave estimates which add up to unity (or 100%). As the number of alternatives increased, the total probability increased far beyond 100%, indicating a non-distributional probability concept. For instance, the probability that a person has committed murder was considered to be quite independent of his being one of three or one of five suspects. Even when subjects were told that the list should be extended with two additional alternatives and were allowed to correct their earlier estimates, few thought it necessary to do so, and corrections went equally in both directions.
Graduating towards marriage? Attitudes towards marriage and relationships among university-educated British Muslim women

This paper examines educated British South Asian Muslim women's conceptualisations, experiences of, and attitudes towards relationships and contemporary Muslim matrimonial practices, and notions of love and ‘Islamic’ or ‘halal’ relationships. Following a brief critique of representations of ‘arranged marriages’, this paper explores the shift from parentally arranged matrimonial matches to the highly individualised and commercialised matrimonial events that now characterise the British Muslim matrimonial scene. The paper highlights tensions between beliefs that the possession of a degree for Muslim women confers greater choice in matrimony and is thus highly beneficial in order to ‘secure’ an appropriate matrimonial match, and lived realities around difficulties in meeting suitable partners as factors such as increased age or being ‘over-qualified’ become significant. I argue that static terminologies such as ‘arranged marriage’ are no longer useful when describing processes of social change that are fluid and subject to continual negotiation and renegotiation and are contingent instead, upon localised, personalised, religious and transnational interpretations and influences.
“I Think It's a Communal Thing”: Men's Friendships in Later Life

Men's friendships have traditionally been described as being activity-based but little research has examined older men's friendships. The current study aimed to explore meanings of friendship with older men who belonged to formal men's groups or not. A thematic analysis of focus group data identified three manifest themes (constructing friendship: friends, mates or acquaintances; the dynamic nature of friendship; and the importance or beneficence of friendship) and one latent theme (community of men). Friendship was constructed as a multifaceted concept contingent on context. The importance of maintaining friendships were discussed as either self-driven or the responsibility of the other. Talking to like-minded men, regardless of group membership, was valued not just for doing activities but for the emotional support it provided.
In Search of the Older Audience: Adult Age Differences in Television Viewing

General Social Survey data were used to test the claims that (a) older adults watch more television than younger adults and (b) they do so because of poor health, retirement, and widowhood. Older adults did watch more television on average than other age groups. This effect was not explained by birth cohort or altered by time of measurement. However, the age effect was small (despite striking mean differences), because variability within the youngest and oldest groups was large. Overall, traditional explanations of older adults' viewing were largely unsupported. Demographic and social variables explained younger adults' viewing better than older adults'.
Targeted Disruption of the CXCL12/CXCR4 Axis Inhibits Osteolysis in a Murine Model of Myeloma‐Associated Bone Loss

The plasma cell (PC) malignancy, multiple myeloma (MM), is unique among hematological malignancies in its capacity to cause osteoclast (OC)‐mediated skeletal destruction. We have previously shown that elevated plasma levels of PC‐derived CXCL12 are associated with presence of X‐ray detectable osteolytic lesions in MM patients. To further investigate this relationship, plasma levels of CXCL12 and βCrossLaps, a marker of bone loss, were measured. A strong correlation between levels of CXCL12 and OC‐mediated bone resorption was identified. To confirm the OC‐activating potential of MM PC‐derived CXCL12 in vivo, we established a model of MM‐mediated focal osteolysis, wherein MM PC lines, such as RPMI‐8226, were injected into the tibias of nude mice. Implanting RPMI‐8226 gave rise to osteolytic lesions proximal to the tumor, resulting in a 5% decrease in bone volume (BV) compared with vehicle control. Importantly, bone loss was significantly inhibited with systemic administration of the CXCL12/CXCR4 antagonist T140. Furthermore, implanting CXCL12‐overexpressing RPMI‐8226 cells resulted in a 13% decrease in BV and was associated with increased OC recruitment proximal to the tumor, increased serum matrix metalloproteinase activity, and increased levels of collagen I degradation products. These findings confirm our hypothesis that MM PC‐derived CXCL12 stimulates the recruitment and activity of OC, thereby contributing to the formation of MM osteolytic lesions.
Structure, Identity, and Solidarity

Here we propose an account of the link between exchange structure and the emergence of solidarity capable of accounting for the conflicting evidence social scientists have found regarding the relationship between social exchange structures and the emergence of intangible, affectively laden group sentiments. We argue that benefits received through exchange foster group identification and solidarity but that this effect is stronger in generalized exchange systems—in which giving and receiving of resources occurs unilaterally among three or more individuals—than direct exchange systems—which feature reciprocal transfers of resources between two people. At low levels of benefit to recipients, generalized and direct exchange systems will produce similarly low levels of group identification. At high levels of benefit, however, generalized exchange will result in relatively higher levels of identification. Higher levels of identification leads individual members in turn to view the group as higher in solidarity. We find support for this mediated moderation model in two survey-based case studies of organizations designed to facilitate these forms of exchange: one of Freecycle, a large-scale, online generalized exchange system, the other of Craigslist, a comparable direct exchange system. The results further suggest that generalized exchange is likely to emerge where a critical mass of exchange benefits creates positive sentiments toward the group, sentiments that help fuel further contributions in the exchange system.
Beyond Risk Factors: Towards a Holistic Prevention Paradigm for Children and Young People

Since the mid 1990s early intervention and prevention has become a central feature of public policy across the western world. This development has had a major impact on re-constructing the prevention paradigm in children and youth services. It has been underpinned by the emergence of the science of risk factor analysis (RFA). This paradigm has had mixed success in prevention work but has gained significant political credence and support. While RFA has reshaped prevention approaches it does have methodological and practice limitations. This paper argues for a more holistic approach to prevention policy and social work practice, one that recognises risk but does not allow it to dominate. We explore the growing body of evidence for RFA, outlining both its strengths and weaknesses and show how a more holistic approach can be adopted. We argue that the fundamental focus for analysis and intervention needs to recognise the social and cultural context of developmental pathways, and emphasises needs to be on relations between levels of organisation in a child's or young person's developmental process . We draw on the Australian Pathways to Prevention Programme to illustrate how social work can and should be developed to create more holistic approaches to prevention.