Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infantile Eosinophilic pustular “Folliculitis” in Infancy: A Non Follicular Desease

To the Editors: I read with interest the clinicopathologic conference (1993; 10:292-294) on a case of pruritic recurrent eruption in an Hispanic infant that is beautifully illustrated with color microphotographs. A folliculitis is not demonstrated, and only spongiosis of the hair follicle is shown. The presence of interstitial eosinophilic material together with recognizable eosinophils in the dermis is a more relevant finding in this disease, with a nonspecific perifollicular or perivascular topography as already noted (1). This disease should not be linked to Ofuji disease because it has nearly no clinical or pathologic similarity with it. We propose the term eosinophilic pustulosis of the scalp for this entity, which has some features in common with infantile acropustulosis.
Social implications arise in embodied music cognition research which can counter musicological “individualism”

The agenda in music research that is broadly recognized as embodied music cognition has arrived hand-in-hand with a social interpretation of music, focusing on the real-world basis of its performance, and fostering an empirical approach to musician movement regarding the communicative function and potential of those movements. However, embodied cognition emerged from traditional cognitivism, which produced a body of scientific explanation of music-theoretic concepts. The analytical object of this corpus is based on the particular imagined encounter of a listener responding to an idealized “work. ” Although this problem of essentialism has been identified within mainstream musicology, the lingering effects may spill over into interdisciplinary, empirical research. This paper defines the situation according to its legacy of individualism, and offers an alternative sketch of musical activity as performance event, a model that highlights the social interaction processes at the heart of musical behavior. I describe some recent empirical work based on interaction-oriented approaches, arguing that this particular focus – on the social interaction process itself – creates a distinctive and promising agenda for further research into embodied music cognition.
Effect of a specific combination of carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, and on the growth performance, carcass quality and gut integrity of broiler chickens Capsicum oleoresin

In view of rising concerns on the extensive use of antibiotics in animal production, there is an increasing interest for developing alternative disease control strategy to enhance animal health and to reduce the use of antimicrobials. One promising new possibility to achieve this goal is the use of natural herbal products to enhance feed efficiency, gut health, and innate immunity [1, 2]. The American Medical Association urged that the use of antimicrobial growth promoters (AGP) in animals should be terminated [3]. Consequently, many governments around the world are banning or severely limiting the use of antibiotics at non-therapeutic levels. All AGP have been banned in the European Union (EU) since the year 2006. Eventually, many other countries will have to follow these measures to export to the EU. Consequently, the poultry industry may be adversely affected by disease challenge and loss of production because of those restrictions [4]. The European ban on AGP use in animal and poultry nutrition has increased infections [5]. Raising poultry without antibiotics resulted in poor performance and enteritis that is economic problem [6] and animal welfare problem [7]. The challenge will be to fight microbial imbalances in young animals. Feed formulators need efficient alternatives to use as commodities. Consequently, natural alternatives concepts basedonnatural ingredients fornon-AGPandantibacterial action are highly commendable. These alternatives such as probiotics, prebiotics and acidifiers successfully been used by many investigators [8-11]. Herbal products and their oil extracts have been used for natural therapy as pharmaceuticals; however, only in recent years aromatic plants and their extracts were introduced to the animal feeding [12]. Further complications arise because herbal products and their oil extracts feed additives may vary widely with respect to botanical origin, processing, and composition. Most studies investigate blends of various active compounds and report the effects on production performance rather than the physiological impacts [13-15]. Several types of herbal products and their oil extracts have enhanced broiler performance and resulted in growth-promoting effects [13]. The proposed mode of action of herbal products is attributed to their antimicrobial properties [5, 14, 16, 17], antiviral [18], oxidative-resistant activity [15, 19], anti-inflammatory [5, 20], enhancement of the immune system [1, 2, 17] and other biological effects [14, 21, 22] and consequently, improvement in poultry performance. Veterinary World, EISSN: 2231-0916 Available at www.veterinaryworld. org/Vol.7/May-2014/3.pdf
DISSECTING THE GASEOUS HALOS OF z ∼ 2 DAMPED Lyα SYSTEMS WITH CLOSE QUASAR PAIRS

We use spectroscopy of close pairs of quasars to study diffuse gas in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) surrounding a sample of 40 damped Lyα systems (DLAs). The primary sightline in each quasar pair probes an intervening DLA in the redshift range 1.6 < z DLA < 3.6 ? > , such that the second quasar sightline then probes Lyα, C ii, Si ii, and C iv absorption in the CGM transverse to the DLA to projected distances R ⊥ < 300 ? > kpc. Analysis of the Lyα profiles in these CGM sightlines constrains the covering fraction (fC) of optically thick H i (having column density NH i > 10 17.2 cm - 2 ? > ) to be ≳30% within R ⊥ < 200 ? > kpc. Strong Si ii λ 1526 ? > absorption with equivalent width W 1526 > 0.2 ? > Å occurs with an incidence f C ( W 1526 > 0.2 Å ) = 20 − 8 + 12 % ? > within R ⊥ < 100 ? > kpc, indicating that Si ii absorption associated with DLAs probes material within a physical distance R 3 D ≲ 30 ? > kpc. However, we find that strong C iv λ1548 absorption is ubiquitous in these environments ( f C ( W 1548 > 0.2 Å ) = 57 − 13 + 12 % ? > within R ⊥ < 100 ? > kpc), and in addition exhibits a high degree of kinematic coherence on scales up to ∼175 kpc. We infer that this high-ionization material arises predominantly in large, quiescent structures extending beyond the scale of the DLA host dark matter halos rather than in ongoing galactic winds. The Lyα equivalent width in the DLA-CGM is anticorrelated with R ⊥ ? > at > 98 % ? > confidence, suggesting that DLAs arise close to the centers of their host halos rather than on their outskirts. Finally, the average Lyα, and C ii and C iv equivalent widths measured as a function of R ⊥ ? > are consistent with those measured around z ∼ 2 Lyman break galaxies. Assuming that DLAs trace a galaxy population at lower masses and luminosities, this finding implies that the absorption strength of cool circumgalactic material has a weak dependence on dark matter halo mass at M h ≲ 10 12 M ⊙ ? > .
Characteristics of children with elevated symptoms of mania: the Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (LAMS) study.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (LAMS) study is to examine differences in psychiatric symptomatology, diagnoses, demographics, functioning, and psychotropic medication exposure in children with elevated symptoms of mania (ESM) compared to youth without ESM. This article describes the initial demographic information, diagnostic and symptom prevalence, and medication exposure for the LAMS cohort that will be followed longitudinally. METHOD Guardians of consecutively ascertained new outpatients 6 to 12 years of age presenting for treatment at one of 10 university-affiliated mental health centers were asked to complete the Parent General Behavior Inventory-10-Item Mania Scale (PGBI-10M). Patients with scores ≥ 12 on the PGBI-10M (ESM+) and a matched sample of patients who screened negative (ESM-) were invited to participate. Patients were enrolled from December 13, 2005, to December 18, 2008. RESULTS 707 children (621 ESM+, 86 ESM-; mean [SD] age = 9.4 [2.0] years) were evaluated. The ESM+ group, compared to the ESM- group, more frequently met DSM-IV criteria for a mood disorder (P < .001), bipolar spectrum disorders (BPSD; P < .001), and disruptive behavior disorders (P < .01). Furthermore, they showed poorer overall functioning and more severe manic, depressive, attention-deficit/hyperactivity, disruptive behavioral, and anxiety symptoms. Nevertheless, rates of BPSD were relatively low in the ESM+ group (25%), with almost half of these BPSD patients (12.1% of ESM+ patients) meeting DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder not otherwise specified. ESM+ children with BPSD had significantly more of the following: current prescriptions for antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and anticonvulsants (P < .001 for each); psychiatric hospitalizations (P < .001); and biological parents with elevated mood (P = .001 for mothers, P < .013 for fathers). ESM+ children with BPSD were also lower functioning compared to ESM+ children without BPSD. CONCLUSIONS Although ESM+ was associated with higher rates of BPSD than ESM-, 75% of ESM+ children did not meet criteria for BPSD. Results suggest that longitudinal assessment is needed to examine which factors are associated with diagnostic evolution to BPSD in children with elevated symptoms of mania.
Tracking in the Era of High-Stakes State Accountability Reform: Case Studies of Classroom Instruction in North Carolina

Background/Context Considerable controversy surrounds the issue of whether high-stakes statewide accountability programs have led to more equitable educational opportunities for all students. Some researchers suggest that these programs have focused attention on improving the achievement of students of color from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Critics of accountability programs, however, raise concerns that high-stakes standardized tests have lowered the quality of instruction in inner-city schools, where students of color from lower socioeconomic backgrounds have traditionally not tested well, as these students do more out-of-context math and reading drill in preparation for the exams. A central question remains: What is the nature of curriculum and instruction for different groups of students in the new school reform context of high-stakes, statewide accountability programs, and what are the implications for equity? Purpose of the Study This account of classroom instruction delves into the instructional opportunities afforded students across different academic tracks under North Carolina's accountability program. The author focuses on the nature of classroom instruction for students in the “regular” classes, which are disproportionately populated by students of color from low socioeconomic backgrounds, with that of their peers in “academically gifted” classes and considers the implications for equity in this new policy context. While previous tracking literature suggests that teacher expectations of students, material available to students and skills emphasized in instruction differ across tracks, the research community has conducted little empirical research to support or refute claims on differential learning opportunities for different groups of students in the new context of high-stakes statewide accountability programs. Research Design This research used an ethnographic case study approach with theoretical sampling to select participants. Data Collection/Analysis This research was based on the following data: 1) 68 hours of classroom observations in two focal language arts teachers’ classrooms, 2) six interviews with each of the two focal teachers, 3) student work from two focal teachers’ classrooms and 4) interviews with eleven other teachers teaching at other schools. Conclusions/Recommendations The analysis reveals five key differences in instruction across tracks that favored students in the “academically gifted” classes. The article discusses the extent to which the high-stakes accountability policies influenced teachers to make bifurcated curricular decisions for their students across tracks. The author argues that despite calls to close the achievement gap through high-stakes accountability programs, the gap will persist unless policymakers and educators consider ways in which school organization can perpetuate or equalize instructional opportunities for students.
DNA sequences required for serum-responsive regulation of expression from the mouse thymidine kinase promoter.

We have used site-specific mutagenesis and thymidine kinase (TK) promoter/reporter gene transfection experiments to investigate DNA sequences required for serum-responsive regulation of expression from the mouse thymidine kinase promoter. Mutations were targeted to each of three previously described protein binding domains (MT1, MT2, and MT3) upstream of the TK translation initiation site, as well as to sequences within the TK first exon in order to address each of the following three questions: (a) Do these sequences play any role in regulation? (b) Do all of these sites play the same role? and (c) If any controls are observed, do they act positively or negatively on gene expression? The results of these experiments indicated that, in the wild-type TK promoter, at least some of these sequences do play a role in regulation, that not all of these sites appear to play the same role, and that some of the targeted elements act positively on gene expression, whereas others appear to act negatively. In particular, mutagenesis of the Sp1 site within MT1 virtually eliminated promoter function, whereas mutations in either the MT2 site or the TK first exon rendered reporter gene expression nearly constitutive with respect to serum. Thus, both MT2 and sequences within the TK first exon appear to contain negatively acting elements. In contrast, mutation or deletion of the MT3 site produced a much less pronounced effect on reporter gene regulation. These results support recent observations from our laboratory (Q-P. Dou et al., manuscript in preparation) indicating that although the protein complexes that bind to these various sites are similar, they are not identical. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Rapid and Efficient Functionalized Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Aldol Condensation Reactions Associated with Microwave Irradiation

Five quaternary ammonium ionic liquid (IL) and two tetrabutylphosphonium ILs were prepared and characterized. An environmentally benign and convenient functionalized ionic liquid catalytic system was thus explored in the aldol condensation reactions of aromatic aldehydes with acetone. The aldol reactions proceeded more efficiently through microwave-assisted heating than through conventional thermal heating. The yield of products obtained under microwave heating for 30 min was approximately 90%, and the ILs can be recovered and reused at least five times without apparent loss of activity. In addition, this catalytic system can be successfully extended to the Henry reactions.
Topology control meets SINR: the scheduling complexity of arbitrary topologies

To date, topology control in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks--the study of how to compute from the given communication network a subgraph with certain beneficial properties . has been considered as a static problem only; the time required to actually schedule the links of a computed topology without message collision was generally ignored. In this paper we analyze topology control in the context of the physical Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise-Ratio (SINR) model, focusing on the question of how and how fast the links of a resulting topology can actually be realized over time.For this purpose, we define and study a generalized version of the SINR model and obtain theoretical upper bounds on the scheduling complexity of arbitrary topologies in wireless networks. Specifically, we prove that even in worst-case networks, if the signals are transmitted with correctly assigned transmission power levels, the number of time slots required to successfully schedule all links of an arbitrary topology is proportional to the squared logarithm of the number of network nodes times a previously defined static interference measure Interestingly, although originally considered without explicit accounting for signal collision in the SINR model, this static interference measure plays an important role in the analysis of link scheduling with physical link interference. Our result thus bridges the gap between static graph-based interference models and the physical SINR model. Based on these results, we also show that when it comes to scheduling, requiring the communication links to be symmetric may imply significantly higher costs as opposed to topologies allowing unidirectional links.
Cultural Variation in the Clinical Presentation of Sleep Paralysis

Sleep paralysis is one of the lesser-known and more benign forms of parasomnias. The primary or idiopathic form, also called isolated sleep paralysis, is illustrated by showing how patients from different cultures weave the phenomenology of sleep paralysis into their clinical narratives. Clinical case examples are presented of patients from Guinea Bissau, the Netherlands, Morocco, and Surinam with different types of psychopathology, but all accompanied by sleep paralysis. Depending on the meaning given to and etiological interpretations of the sleep paralysis, which is largely culturally determined, patients react to the event in specific ways.
Goals in agent systems: a unifying framework

In the literature on agent systems, the proactive behavior of agents is often modeled in terms of goals that the agents pursue. We review a number of commonly-used existing goal types and propose a simple and general definition of goal, which unifies these goal types. We then give a formal and generic operationalization of goals by defining an abstract goal architecture, which describes the adoption, pursuit, and dropping of goals in a generic way. This operationalization is used to characterize the discussed goal types.
Cross-lingual syntactic variation over age and gender

Most computational sociolinguistics studies have focused on phonological and lexical variation. We present the first large-scale study of syntactic variation among demographic groups (age and gender) across several languages. We harvest data from online user-review sites and parse it with universal dependencies. We show that several age and gender-specific variations hold across languages, for example that women are more likely to use VP conjunctions.
A Four-Stage Hybrid Model for Hydrological Time Series Forecasting

Hydrological time series forecasting remains a difficult task due to its complicated nonlinear, non-stationary and multi-scale characteristics. To solve this difficulty and improve the prediction accuracy, a novel four-stage hybrid model is proposed for hydrological time series forecasting based on the principle of ‘denoising, decomposition and ensemble’. The proposed model has four stages, i.e., denoising, decomposition, components prediction and ensemble. In the denoising stage, the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method is utilized to reduce the noises in the hydrological time series. Then, an improved method of EMD, the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), is applied to decompose the denoised series into a number of intrinsic mode function (IMF) components and one residual component. Next, the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is adopted to predict the trend of all of the components obtained in the decomposition stage. In the final ensemble prediction stage, the forecasting results of all of the IMF and residual components obtained in the third stage are combined to generate the final prediction results, using a linear neural network (LNN) model. For illustration and verification, six hydrological cases with different characteristics are used to test the effectiveness of the proposed model. The proposed hybrid model performs better than conventional single models, the hybrid models without denoising or decomposition and the hybrid models based on other methods, such as the wavelet analysis (WA)-based hybrid models. In addition, the denoising and decomposition strategies decrease the complexity of the series and reduce the difficulties of the forecasting. With its effective denoising and accurate decomposition ability, high prediction precision and wide applicability, the new model is very promising for complex time series forecasting. This new forecast model is an extension of nonlinear prediction models.
Review: Finding the Culprit: A Review of the Influences of Proteases on the Chronic Wound Environment

Chronic leg ulcers are a complex medical condition with varied underlying causes and requiring diverse treatment strategies. It is generally accepted that chronic ulcers occur when the normal wound healing process is interrupted. These wounds are characterized by excessive protease activity, abundant granulation tissue, and decreased levels of growth factors, resulting in an overall poor prognosis for the patient. Many studies have focused on identifying the key proteases, specifically matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), responsible for an ulcer's chronicity. Of note, the results of these studies are often conflicting. This report therefore focuses on a review of this literature to identify which MMPs are important in terms of ulcer prognosis and healing outcome. This has revealed that MMPs are clearly important in many biological processes in wound healing, hence are critical to consider when developing improved therapies to enhance both ulcer healing times and ulcer healing outcomes.
Application of Acoustic Telemetry to Assess Residency and Movements of Rockfish and Lingcod at Created and Natural Habitats in Prince William Sound

Loss and/or degradation of nearshore habitats have led to increased efforts to restore or enhance many of these habitats, particularly those that are deemed essential for marine fishes. Copper rockfish (Sebastes caurinus) and lingcod (Ophiodon enlongatus) are dominant members of the typical reef fish community that inhabit rocky and high-relief substrates along the Pacific Northwest. We used acoustic telemetry to document their residency and movements in the nearshore waters of Prince William Sound, Alaska in order to assess use of created reef habitat in an individual-based manner. A total of 57 fish were surgically implanted with acoustic transmitters. Forty-five fish were captured and monitored in three habitats: artificial reef, low-relief natural reef, and patchy high-relief natural reef. Within each habitat, both rockfish and lingcod exhibited long periods of residency with limited movements. Twelve rockfish were captured at the natural reefs and displaced a distance of 4.0 km to the artificial reef. Five of the 12 rockfish returned within 10 d of their release to their initial capture site. Another five of the 12 displaced fish established residency at the artificial reef through the duration of our study. Our results suggest the potential for artificial reefs to provide rockfish habitat in the event of disturbances to natural habitat.