Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of the TIMI risk score in patients with chest pain in the emergency department: a meta-analysis

Background: The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score uses clinical data to predict the short-term risk of acute myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization or death from any cause. It was originally developed for use in patients with unstable angina or non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction. We sought to expand the clinical application of the TIMI risk score by assessing its prognostic accuracy in patients in the emergency department with potential acute coronary syndromes. Methods: We searched five electronic databases, hand-searched reference lists of included studies and contacted content experts to identify articles for review. We included prospective cohort studies that validated the TIMI risk score in emergency department patients. We performed a meta-regression to determine whether a linear relation exists between TIMI risk score and the cumulative incidence of cardiac events. Results: We included 10 prospective cohort studies (with a total of 17 265 patients) in our systematic review. Data were available for meta-analysis in 8 of the 10 studies. Of patients with a score of zero, 1.8% had a cardiac event within 30 days (sensitivity 97.2%, 95% CI 96.4–97.8; specificity 25.0%, 95% CI 24.3–25.7; positive likelihood ratio 1.30, 95% CI 1.28–1.31; negative likelihood ratio 0.11, 95% CI 0.09–0.15). Meta-regression analysis revealed a strong linear relation between TIMI risk score (p < 0.001) and the cumulative incidence of cardiac events. Interpretation: Although the TIMI risk score is an effective risk stratification tool for patients in the emergency department with potential acute coronary syndromes, it should not be used as the sole means of determining patient disposition.
[Assessment of the posttraumatic symptoms among survivors for three years following Wenchuan Earthquake].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its influencing factors for three years following the "5.12" Wenchuan Earthquake. METHODS A systematic sampling of 870 subjects who came from Beichuan (605 persons) and Jiangyou (265 persons) areas were investigated by adopting subscale of PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) and Social Demographic Questionnaire. RESULTS The incidence rate of PTSD was 8.5% (74/870), the incidence rates of PTSD for the area of Beichuan and Jiangyou were 11.2% (68/605) and 2.3% (6/265) respectively. Subjects from Beichuan had higher PTSD incidence rate compared to Jiangyou (P < 0.05). The prevalence of PTSD for female and male were 11.8% (55/465) and 4.7% (19/405) respectively, female had higher prevalence of PTSD compared to male (P < 0.05). The incidence rates of PTSD for victims who suffered from major property lost and those who lost less were 13.3% (62/466) and 3.0% (12/404) respectively, victims suffered major property lost had higher incidence rate of PTSD(P < 0.05). The incidence rates of PTSD for victims who lost family members and those did not were 13.4% (45/336) and 5.4% (29/534) respectively, victims who lost family members had higher incidence rates of PTSD (P < 0.05). The posttraumatic symptoms for survivors who suffered from PTSD mainly focused on the symptoms of reexpericement and over vigilance, the prevalence rate was 100% (74/74). Exaggerated startle response, intense psychological distress and physiological reactivity were higher than others in total 17 symptoms, accounting for 96% (71/74), 94% (70/74) and 90% (67/74). The logistic regression showed that being female, victims who suffered from major property lost, lost family member in this earthquake were the risk factors of PTSD, and the values of OR (95%CI) were 2.746 (1.580 - 4.772), 3.616 (1.871 - 6.988) and 1.805(1.057 - 3.084), respectively. CONCLUSION Posttraumatic symptoms were still common among survivors three years after "5.12" Wenchuan Earthquake. Survivors in Beichuan (heavy hit area), female victims, victims who suffered from major property lost, victims who lost family member need more social and economic support.
Smart grid communication network capacity planning for power utilities

A reliable communications network is essential for the future smart grid. As power utilities move toward smart grid by implementing smart metering, it is important to plan the communication network with adequate capacity to accommodate future utility growth and new applications. This paper introduces a bottom-ups method for wide area communication network capacity planning. With this method data traffic for all foreseeable future major applications are identified and their hourly traffic profiles are estimated for both “Blue Sky Day” and “Storm Day” scenarios. Forecasts for the number of customers and devices in each region of the utility's service territory are used to derive regional data traffic profiles so the regional capacity requirement can be planned. The traffic is also categorized into different applications such as smart metering; grid monitoring and control; and advanced applications. This allows the utility to develop flexible strategies for building a common communication network based on smart grid implementation plans.
Strong Oriented Chromatic Number of Planar Graphs without Short Cycles

Let M be an additive abelian group. An M-strong-oriented coloring of an oriented graph G is a mapping f from V(G) to M such that f(u) j(v) whenever uv is an arc in G and f(v)−f(u) −(f(t)−f(z)) whenever uv and zt are two arcs in G. The strong oriented chromatic number of an oriented graph is the minimal order of a group M such that G has an M-strong-oriented coloring. This notion was introduced by Nesetril and Raspaud [Ann. Inst. Fourier, 49(3):1037-1056, 1999]. We prove that the strong oriented chromatic number of oriented planar graphs without cycles of lengths 4 to 12 (resp. 4 or 6) is at most 7 (resp. 19). Moreover, for all i ≥ 4, we construct outerplanar graphs without cycles of lengths 4 to i whose oriented chromatic number is 7.
Methanol Oxidation on a Copper Catalyst Investigated Using in Situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy†

The surface and near-surface regions of an active catalyst and the adjacent gas-phase reactants were investigated simultaneously under reaction conditions using in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This investigation of methanol oxidation on a copper catalyst showed that there was a linear correlation between the catalytic activity of the sample and the presence of a subsurface oxygen species that can only be observed in situ. The concentration profile of the subsurface oxygen species within the first few nanometers below the surface was determined using photon-energy-dependent depth-profiling. The chemical composition of the surface and the near-surface regions varied strongly with the oxygen-to-methanol ratio in the reactant stream. The experiments show that the pure metal is not an active catalyst for the methanol oxidation reaction, but that a certain amount of oxygen has to be present in the subsurface region to activate the catalytic reaction. Oxide formation was found to be detrimental t.
Effects on the Asian Summer Monsoon of the Enhanced SST in the Northwestern Pacific : Intermediate Complexity GCM Simulations

The observed relationships between the Asian summer monsoon and the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the northwestern Pacific (NW Pacific) are verified using the intermediate complexity global climate model (GCM) (Planet Simulator: PLASIM). The climate responses over Asia for the monsoon season to forcing from NW Pacific SST anomalies are simulated in the GCM with the enhanced SST anomalies in the NW Pacific for the pre-monsoon season compared to climatological SST. During the pre-monsoon season, the enhanced SST anomalies result in an increase in lower-level convection and precipitation in the NW Pacific. A significantly weakened Indian summer monsoon is simulated for the enhanced SST experiment in the NW Pacific for the pre-monsoon season (p-value＜0.05). PLASIM dose a good job at representing the observed patterns of zonally averaged surface temperature, precipitation, and 850 hPa u-wind, although with some regional differences from observations (p-values of zonal correlation coefficients＜0.01).
Estimation of the complete stress tensor to 8 km depth in the KTB scientific drill holes: Implications for crustal strength

For many years, in situ stress in the brittle crust has been measured at relatively shallow depth and related to the mechanical behavior of the crust as inferred from laboratory studies and faulting theory. A continuous profile of the magnitudes and orientations of the three principal stresses has been estimated to depths of 7.7 km and 8.6 km in the German Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB). This was achieved by hydraulic fracturing tests at relatively shallow depth (1–3 km), estimates of the magnitude of the least horizontal principal stress provided by modified hydraulic fracturing experiments at 6 km and 9 km depths, and analysis of compressional (breakouts) and tensile (drilling-induced tensile wall fractures) failures of the borehole wall over nearly the entire depth of the KTB borehole. The orientation of the maximum horizontal principal stress was found to be uniform with depth with an orientation of N160°±10°E, which is consistent with the average orientation found throughout western Europe. The only significant change in stress orientation was observed directly below a major fault zone crosscutting the borehole. The profile of stress magnitudes we have obtained demonstrates that to a depth of 8 km, the state of stress in the brittle crust in southern Germany is in frictional equilibrium. That is, the ratio of shear to normal stress as resolved on preexisting faults which are well-oriented to the in situ stress field is comparable to their frictional strength based on predictions of Coulomb faulting theory for a coefficient of friction of about 0.7 and near-hydrostatic pore pressure.
Learning Obstacle Avoidance with an Operant Behavior Model

Artificial intelligence researchers have been attracted by the idea of having robots learn how to accomplish a task, rather than being told explicitly. Reinforcement learning has been proposed as an appealing framework to be used in controlling mobile agents. Robot learning research, as well as research in biological systems, face many similar problems in order to display high flexibility in performing a variety of tasks. In this work, the controlling of a vehicle in an avoidance task by a previously developed operant learning model (a form of animal learning) is studied. An environment in which a mobile robot with proximity sensors has to minimize the punishment for colliding against obstacles is simulated. The results were compared with the Q-Learning algorithm, and the proposed model had better performance. In this way a new artificial intelligence agent inspired by neurobiology, psychology, and ethology research is proposed.
Assessing Bradykinesia in Parkinsonian Disorders

Objective: Bradykinesia is one of the clinical hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and atypical Parkinsonian syndromes. Clinical ratings scales and technology-based assessments have been developed to measure bradykinesia. We review the different tools that exist for measurement of bradykinesia and analyze their reliability and applicability to PD and atypical Parkinsonian syndromes. Methods: We summarize data on the factor structure of the two primary scales used to assess PD, the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Movement Disorder Society revision of the UPDRS, the MDS-UPDRS. We review how these scales have been used in atypical Parkinsonian syndromes, specifically Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP). Finally, we report on the different technology-based tools being used to assess bradykinesia. Results: The UPDRS is a useful measure of PD function and disability with six clinically distinct factors, three of which pertain to bradykinesia. The MDS-UPDRS has shown high internal consistency and correlation with the original UPDRS. Factor analysis of the UPDRS in PSP reveals five clinically distinct factors, two of which are independent bradykinesia factors. Thus the UPDRS and MDS-UPDRS are reliable and applicable scales for PD and the UPDRS can be used to assess bradykinesia in PSP. Technology-based tools for measuring bradykinesia include gyrosensors, Coordination Ability Test System, Brain Test, quantitative digitography, Motus motion analysis system, precision real-time image-based motion analysis, and the At-Home Testing Device. These tools have been compared to the UPDRS motor subscale and are effective in assessing bradykinesia. Conclusion: The UPDRS and MDS-UPDRS are well-established measures of bradykinesia that are applicable and useful in PD. The UPDRS is also been shown to be applicable to PSP. Different technologies exist to measure bradykinesia, though further work is needed to validate these assessment tools and bring them to clinical practice.
Possible Algal Origin and Life Cycle of Ediacaran Doushantuo Microfossils with Dextral Spiral Structure

Abstract In Ediacaran shallow-water dolomites of the Doushantuo Formation (ca. 570 Ma) of southern China, scarce phosphatized microfossils consisting of clusters of coil-like spheroids called Spiralicellula bulbifera and co-occurring spherical forms with helically arranged holes named Helicoforamina wenganica are interpreted to belong to the same taxon because both have a similar relative abundance and both, uniquely in the assemblage, exhibit a consistent dextral spiral feature—the oldest known fossil examples of fixed asymmetry. Thus, we interpret them as different stages of sexual and asexual life cycles in which the spiral structure was maintained throughout most of the developmental phases. While they can be placed with the acritarchs, we suggest they are a chlorophycean green alga, and like many Ediacaran macrofossils, may represent an extinct clade. This is compatible with the shoal-water marine depositional environment in which they lived, as it would have favored photosynthetic organisms over others kinds of encysting non-metazoan protists. This setting militates against their interpretation as putative embryos which has been put forward for a variety of forms co-occurring in the microfossil assemblage. The multiple affinities of the strikingly diverse biota remain far from resolved, but algal origins warrant further consideration.
Physics of greenhouse effect and convection in warm Oceans

Abstract Sea surface temperature (SST) in roughly 50% of the tropical Pacific Ocean is warm enough (SST > 300 K) to permit deep convection. This paper examines the effects of deep convection on the climatological mean vertical distributions of water vapor and its greenhouse effect over such warm oceans. The study, which uses a combination of satellite radiation budget observations, atmospheric soundings deployed from ships, and radiation model calculations, also examines the link between SST, vertical distribution of water vapor, and its greenhouse effect in the tropical oceans. Since the focus of the study is on the radiative effects of water vapor, the radiation model calculations do not include the effects of clouds. The data are grouped into nonconvective and convective categories using SST as an index for convective activity. On average, convective regions are more humid, trap significantly more longwave radiation, and emit more radiation to the sea surface. The greenhouse effect in regions of convec.
Validation of a Sham Acupuncture Procedure in a Randomised, Controlled Clinical Trial of Chronic Pelvic Pain Treatment

Background Acupuncture is an attractive treatment option for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) that has proved refractory to conventional medical treatments. Unfortunately, it is difficult to determine the benefit of acupuncture because few studies have employed controls or had physiological outcome measures. Objective To determine the feasibility of a sham, or minimally invasive, acupuncture as a control for studies evaluating the efficacy of acupuncture treatment for chronic pelvic pain. Methods Participants were recruited from a double-blind randomised trial comparing acupuncture with a sham procedure for patients with CP/CPPS. Acupuncture or sham procedures were performed over a 10-week period. Sham acupuncture involved placement of short needles at sites 0.5 cm away from true acupuncture points (CV1, CV4, SP6 and SP9). Participants were asked to determine their procedure allocation at the end of treatment. A total of 35participants also agreed to have blood analyses for cortisol, β-endorphin and leucine-enkephalin. Results Thirty-five (78%) of the 45 participants randomised to the sham treatment thought they had received acupuncture compared with 27 (61%) of the 44 participants randomised to acupuncture (p=0.11). Biochemical data showed no differences between the groups immediately after treatment. Thirty-two (73%) of 44 acupuncture participants met the predefined clinical response criterion compared with 21 (47%) of 45 sham acupuncture participants (p=0.017, relative risk 1.81, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.1). At the end of the study, β-endorphin and leucine-enkephalin levels were both higher in the acupuncture group (p<0.01). Conclusions Minimally penetrating acupuncture was found to be a valid sham control and may prove useful for evaluating the efficacy of acupuncture for other conditions. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00260637)
An index formula for simple graphs

Gauss-Bonnet for simple graphs G assures that the sum of curvatures K(x) over the vertex set V of G is the Euler characteristic X(G). Poincare-Hopf tells that for any injective function f on V the sum of i(f,x) is X(G). We also know that averaging the indices E[i(f,x)] over all functions gives curvature K(x). We explore here the situation when G is geometric of dimension d: that is if each unit sphere S(x) is geometric of dimension d-1 and that X(S(x))=0 for even d and X(S(x))=2 for odd d. The dimension of G is inductively defined as the average of 1+dim(S(x)) over all S(x) assuming the empty graph has dimension -1. We prove that any odd dimensional geometric graph G has zero curvature. This is done with the help of an index formula j(f,x) = 1-X(S(x))/2-X(B(f,x))/2, where j(x)=[i(f,x)+i(-f,x)]/2. The graph B(f,x) is the discrete level surface {y | f(y) = f(x)} intersected with S(x). It is a subgraph of the line graph of G and geometric if G is geometric. The index formula simplifies for geometric graphs: for even d it is j(f,x) = 1-X(B(f,x))/2, where B(f,x) is a (d-2)-dimensional graph. For odd d it becomes j(f,x) =-X(B(f,x))/2, where B(f,x) is an odd dimensional graph. Because by induction with respect to d, the X(B(f,x))=0 we know now that that j(f,x) is zero for all x and so, by taking expectation over f that curvature K(x) is zero for all x. We also point out that all these results hold almost verbatim for compact Riemannian manifolds and actually are much simpler there. The same integral geometric index formula is valid if f is a Morse function, i(f,x) is the index of the gradient vector field and if S(x) is a sufficiently small geodesic sphere around x and B(f,x) which is S(x) intersected with the level surface {y | f(y)=f(x)}. Also in the continuum, the symmetric index j(f,x) is constant zero everywhere if d is odd.
Appendix for : “ Trade in Intermediate Inputs and Business Cycle Comovement ”

This appendix includes supplemental results that are referenced in the main text. The supplemental results include: (1) stylized facts concerning gross output and value added correlations in the data (referenced in Section 4.1), and (2) robustness checks for the main trade-comovement regressions, in which I vary both the data and model simulations used to estimate trade-comovement regression coefficients, and (3) figures underlying the discussion of model mechanics in Section 4.3. 3.
20th International Symposium on Shiftwork and Working Time: Biological Mechanisms, Recovery, and Risk Management in the 24-h Society

This dedicated issue of Chronobiology International is devoted to the selected proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Shift Work and Working Time held in Stockholm, Sweden, 28 June to 1 July 2011. It constitutes the fifth such issue of the journal since 2004 dedicated to the selected proceedings to the meetings of the Working Time Society. The key theme of the 20th Symposium was “Biological Mechanisms, Recovery, and Risk Management in the 24-h Society. ” The collection of papers of this dedicated issue represents the best of contemporary research on the effects of night and rotating shift schedules on worker health and safety. The contents cover such topics as sleep restriction, injuries, health, and performance of night work and rotating shiftwork, plus light treatment as a countermeasure against the circadian disruption of shiftwork. The majority of the papers are observational field studies, including some of large sample size, and three studies are well-designed laboratory experiments. (Author correspondence: goran.kecklund@stress.su.se)
Safety and tolerability of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: unresolved and emerging issues

ABSTRACT Introduction: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are a mainstay of treatment options for type 2 diabetes. They contribute to lowering blood glucose levels, generally have a favorable tolerability profile, and can be used alone or in combination with other antidiabetic agents. Based on the duration of their effects, GLP-1 RAs can be divided into two classes: short-acting and long-acting. Differences exist between these sub-classes, and between each drug, in terms of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. Therefore, prescribers cannot necessarily assume GLP-1 RA ‘class effects’, especially in terms of tolerability. Areas covered: This article reviews the published data on the safety and tolerability of currently available GLP-1 RAs and, recognizing the importance of safety profiles when selecting the appropriate treatment for each patient, examines the clinical implications of the differences between the drugs in this class. Cardiovascular safety, gastrointestinal tolerability, and tolerability in elderly patients are discussed as specific areas of interest to prescribers selecting between GLP-1 RAs for their patients. Expert opinion: Although further research is needed, the current evidence offers the potential to tailor treatment more accurately to each patient. Ultimately, this may improve adherence and persistence, thereby improving glycemic control and, in turn, reducing the risk of macro- and micro-vascular complications.
On the GPU-CPU Performance Portability of OpenCL for 3D Stencil Computations

Although OpenCL programming provides full code portability between different hardware platforms, performance portability can be far from satisfactory. In this work, we use a set of representative 3D stencil computations to study OpenCL's performance portability between GPUs and CPUs. For each stencil computation, we have devised different implementations of the computational kernel function, all being 100% code-portable between the two architectures. The most straightforward and compact implementation gives satisfactory CPU performance but performs poorly on GPUs, because such an implementation hampers effective use of the GPU hardware. By injecting code complexity into the involved loop nests, we can create kernel functions that still have full code portability but with increased performance portability. It is found that spatial data blocking and register reuse can be beneficial for performance on both GPUs and CPUs, whereas use of OpenCL's local memory (and subsequent temporal blocking) may only have positive effects on GPUs.