Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Minding the gap: exploring differences in perceptions of ethical business cultures among executives, mid-level managers and non-managers

This study explored whether perceptions of organizational business ethics differ by hierarchical levels. The study sample included more than 40,000 executives, mid-level managers and non-managerial employees from business organizations in six countries: Brazil, China, Germany, India, the UK and the US. We found that executives provided the most positive assessment of ethical business culture within their respective organizations. Employees’ assessments were less positive, and mid-level managers’ assessments fell in the middle. Organizational size and respondents’ age were not related to differences in responses. Statistically significant differences among hierarchical levels were found in Brazil, the US, Germany, the UK and China. Differences were not significant in India. Executives with longer tenure at the same organization tended to provide higher ratings of organizations’ ethical cultures, while managers’ and employees’ ratings tended to decrease with time.
TRANSVERSELY PROJECTIVE FOLIATIONS ON SURFACES: EXISTENCE OF MINIMAL FORM AND PRESCRIPTION OF MONODROMY

We introduce a notion of minimal form for transversely projective structures of singular foliations on complex manifolds. Our first main result says that this minimal form exists and is unique when ambient space is two-dimensional. From this result, one obtains a natural way to produce invariants for transversely projective foliations on surfaces. Our second main result says that on projective surfaces one can construct singular transversely projective foliations with prescribed monodromy.
Ethical Aspects in Active Ownership

3 Sammanfattning 4 Acknowledgements 5 Introduction 6 Objective of the Study 6 Delimitation 6 Active Ownership  an Overview 7 What is Active Ownership? 7 What is ethics? 8 Background 8 Why Focus on Institutional Investors? 9 What are the Purposes of Active Ownership? 10 How does Active Ownership Work? 11 International Overview 12 The US 12 The UK 15 Status in Sweden  five cases 18 About the Case Studies 18 AMF 19 Folksam 21 Nordea funds 23 Robur 25 SEB 28 Summary of the Case Studies 31 Consequences of Active Ownership 33 Active ownership and performance 33 CSR and performance 34 Discussion 35 Conclusions 37 Further Research 38 References 39 Appendix A 42 Questions at interviews (Swedish only) 42 Ethical Aspects in Active Ownership IVL Report B1545
Assessment of unassisted recovery from repeated general isoflurane anesthesia in horses following post-anesthetic administration of xylazine or acepromazine or a combination of xylazine and ketamine.

OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of sedative doses of acepromazine, xylazine or xylazine/ketamine administered to horses after isoflurane anesthesia on the quality of recovery and anesthesia recovery times. To determine if recovery scores improve after repeated consecutive anesthetic episodes. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized, crossover study. ANIMALS Fifteen adult research horses, 6.5±3.4 years old and weighing 499±40 kg. METHODS Horses undergoing three anesthetic episodes with isoflurane for magnetic resonance of the forelimbs were administered acepromazine (0.02 mg kg(-1) i.v. ) or xylazine (0.3 mg kg(-1) i.v. ) or xylazine (0.15 mg kg(-1) i.v. ) combined with ketamine (0.3 mg kg(-1) i.v. ) in random order upon arrival in recovery. The quality of recovery was compared between the three treatments using a composite numerical rating and a general descriptive scoring system. RESULTS Horses administered xylazine had better recovery scores than horses administered xylazine/ketamine, associated with better scores during their move to sternal, strength and number of attempts to standing. Horses administered acepromazine had similar recovery scores to horses administered xylazine and to horses administered xylazine/ketamine. Time to sternal recumbency and time to extubation were statistically longer for the xylazine treatment. Time to standing was similar between treatments. Horses had better recovery scores during the third anesthetic episode, regardless of the sedative drug administered, associated with better scores for strength and number of attempts to standing. CONCLUSIONS Xylazine administration was superior to xylazine/ketamine but similar to acepromazine. This study also indicates that horses improve the quality of recovery during consecutive anesthetics associated with longer time to sternal and to standing, regardless of the sedative used. CLINICAL RELEVANCE All treatments provided good quality recoveries. The experience of the individual horse gained during recent previous anesthetic episodes may have a positive effect in facilitating a better recovery.
Effects of Growth Temperature on Fatty Acid and Alk-1-Enyl Group Compositions of Veillonella parvula and Megasphaera elsdenii Phospholipids

Veillonella parvula ATCC 10790, an anaerobic gram-negative coccus, contains diacyl and alk-1-enyl acyl (plasmalogen) forms of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine. We studied the effect of growth temperature on the lipid composition of this strain. There was a small increase in the phosphatidylethanolamine content but no change in the content of plasmalogens at the lower growth temperatures tested. The total acyl chains and the plasmalogen acyl chains contained between 73 and 80% mono-unsaturated fatty acids at all growth temperatures. The plasmalogen alk-1-enyl chains were significantly more unsaturated in cells grown at 30 and 25°C than in cells grown at 37°C. Differential scanning calorimetry of the hydrated phospholipids showed lower phase transition temperatures for the lipids from the cells grown at the lower temperatures. In Megasphaera elsdenii lipids, which are similar in composition to the lipids of V. parvula, the proportion of phosphatidylethanolamine also increased slightly at lower growth temperatures, with no significant change in the content of plasmalogens. M. elsdenii contained cyclopropane fatty acyl and alk-1-enyl chains in addition to the mono-unsaturated and saturated chains previously reported. As cells entered the stationary phase of growth at 30 and 42.5°C, there was a reciprocal increase in the proportion of cyclopropane acyl chains and decrease in the unsaturated moieties. The total proportion of cyclopropane and unsaturated acyl and alk-1-enyl chains was more than 65% at all growth temperatures studied, and there was no discernible increase in the sum of these moieties at the lower growth temperatures.
The Decline of Community College Transfer Rates: Evidence from National Longitudinal Surveys.

For at least a decade, concern has mounted about the transfer function of community colleges [19, 18, 24]. Scattered evidence from different states suggests that the absolute numbers of transfer students have declined and that the proportion of community college students successfully transferring to four-year colleges has decreased. In response, many programs to improve the articulation between twoand four-year colleges have developed, and strengthening the transfer function has become one of the principal concerns of community college leaders and policy makers [17, 25, 5, 23, 24, 26]. Given the other purposes of community colleges particularly their vocational and remedial functions and their various forms of community service and the many "nontraditional" students they serve, it isn't always clear why maintaining transfer programs at previous levels remains so important. Indeed, given the multiple purposes of community colleges and the varied goals of their students, one might expect a decrease in transfers. However, there are at least three substantial reasons for the continued importance of the transfer function, even after the community college has become a very different institution from what it was prior to the 1960s when it expanded so rapidly. The first is partly
“The Female May Feel Male:” Defending Against the Adverse Consequences of Exposure to Idealized Media Images

Whereas a host of findings suggest that people find ways to deal with threatening comparison information, such defense mechanisms are not typically reported in research on the effects of exposure to idealized media images. The present research considers some of the reasons for this void and proposes that also methodological reasons might play an important role. In particular, we suggest that the framing and content of the dependent variables used to assess body satisfaction may have consequences for the direction of underlying social comparison processes. In line with this assumption, we show in Experiment 1 that asking specific questions about a salient dimension of comparison (i.e., femininity) triggers contrast on general body satisfaction, whereas asking a specific question about a nonsalient and potentially reparative part of the self (e.g., athletic ability) helps to avoid such adverse consequences. Experiments 2 and 3 take the idea of defensive comparisons a step further by showing that such proces.
Serum adipokines in inflammatory bowel disease.

AIM To investigate serum adipokine levels in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients before treatment and after achieving clinical remission. METHODS Serum concentrations of six adipokines (tissue growth factor-β1, adiponectin, leptin, chemerin, resistin, and visfatin) were studied in 40 subjects with active IBD [24 subjects with Crohn's disease (CD) and in 16 subjects with ulcerative colitis (UC)] before and after three months of therapy with corticosteroids and/or azathioprine. Clinical diagnoses were based on ileocolonoscopy, computed tomography or magnetic resonance enterography and histological examination of mucosal biopsies sampled during endoscopy. Serum levels of adipokines were assessed by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The control group was comprised of 16 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. RESULTS Baseline leptin concentrations were significantly decreased in both types of IBD compared to controls (8.0 ± 9.1 in CD and 8.6 ± 6.3 in UC vs 16.5 ± 10.1 ng/mL in controls; P < 0.05), and significantly increased after treatment only in subjects with CD (14.9 ± 15.1 ng/mL; P < 0.05). Baseline serum resistin concentrations were significantly higher in CD (19.3 ± 12.5 ng/mL; P < 0.05) and UC subjects (23.2 ± 11.0 ng/mL; P < 0.05) than in healthy controls (10.7 ± 1.1 ng/mL). Treatment induced a decrease in the serum resistin concentration only in UC subjects (14.5 ± 4.0 ng/mL; P < 0.05). Baseline serum concentrations of visfatin were significantly higher in subjects with CD (23.2 ± 3.2 ng/mL; P < 0.05) and UC (18.8 ± 5.3 ng/mL; P < 0.05) than in healthy controls (14.1 ± 5.3 ng/mL). Treatment induced a decrease in the serum visfatin concentrations only in CD subjects (20.4 ± 4.8 ng/mL; P < 0.05). Serum levels of adiponectin, chemerin and tissue growth factor-β1 did not differ between CD and UC subjects compared to healthy controls and also were not altered by anti-inflammatory therapy. Clinical indices of IBD activity did not correlate with adipokine levels. CONCLUSION IBD modulates serum adipokine levels by increasing resistin and visfatin release and suppressing leptin production.
University teachers’ perceptions of Online Informal Learning of English (OILE)

Online Informal Learning of English (OILE) involves the many different types of language practices that non-specialist EFL students of English are involved in on the Internet. This article reviews previous studies in the area and summarises the specific outcomes that OILE is thought to produce. It then presents an analysis of a survey of teachers’ cognitions concerning OILE from a sample of 30 professors of English working in French universities. It analyses survey data in various manners, offering insight into teachers’ awareness of the OILE phenomenon amongst students, the perceived or imagined effects of these practices on their students’ English and the ways they do or do not integrate these cognitions into their own teaching. Results indicate that many professors are aware of the types of input that their learners may be exposed to, but that they know little of the specifics and few make use of this knowledge in their English courses. In the discussion some questions are raised as to future forms for English language teaching to specialists of other disciplines.
Generalised PP-attachment Disambiguation Using Corpus-based Linguistic Diagnostics

We propose a new formulation of the PP attachment problem as a 4-way classification which takes into account the argument or adjunct status of the PP. Based on linguistic diagnostics, we train a 4-way classifier that reaches an average accuracy of 73.9% (baseline 66.2%). Compared to a sequence of binary classifiers, the 4-way classifier reaches better performance and individuates a verb's arguments more accurately, thus improving the acquisition of a crucial piece of information for many NLP applications.
The Influence of Adaptation on Absolute Threshold Measurements for Olfactory Stimuli

A group-test method of determining the mean absolute olfactory threshold to a test stimulus for a group of subjects is described. Probit analysis is employed to evaluate the results. This technique is utilized to measure the change in sensitivity to the test stimulus due to adaptation to the masking stimulus. When the values of the logarithm of the threshold concentration of the test stimulus are plotted against the logarithm of the concentration of the masking stimulus for a pair of odorous materials, a straight line is obtained. It is suggested that the gradient of this line may be used as a measure of the degree of community of odour-property between the pair of substances.
Beginning Secondary Science Teachers in Different Induction Programmes: The first year of teaching

While it is generally acknowledged that the first years of teaching are the most difficult, little is known about the development of subject matter specialists during this period. In order to add to the knowledge in this area, the present study explores the first year of 114 secondary science teachers as they participate in one of four different induction programmes. The data collected in this study consist of observations of practice, and of interviews about beliefs, pedagogical content knowledge and experiences throughout the year. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data revealed that, as a group, the beginning teachers held teacher‐centred practices, beliefs, and pedagogical content knowledge. Analysis by induction programme, however, revealed that teachers who participated in science‐specific induction programmes significantly changed their beliefs and used more investigations in their classroom lessons than did their peers in the other induction programmes. Moreover, the physical proximity of colleagues was also important to the well‐being of beginning teachers. This study supports the development of science‐specific induction programmes, and provides evidence that the composition of the programme and the assigned location of the new teacher are important factors during a teacher's first year.
What is living on your dog's skin? Characterization of the canine cutaneous mycobiota and fungal dysbiosis in canine allergic dermatitis

To characterize the skin-associated fungal microbiota (mycobiota) in dogs, and to evaluate the influence of body site, individual dog or health status on the distribution of fungi, next-generation sequencing was performed targeting the internal transcribed spacer region. A total of 10 dogs with no history of skin disease were sampled at 10 distinct body sites consisting of haired and mucosal skin, and 8 dogs with diagnosed skin allergies were sampled at six body sites commonly affected by allergic disease. Analysis of similarities revealed that body site was not an influencing factor on membership or structure of fungal communities in healthy skin; however, the mucosal sites were significantly reduced in fungal richness. The mycobiota from body sites in healthy dogs tended to be similar within a dog, which was visualized in principle coordinates analysis (PCoA) by clustering of all sites from one dog separate from other dogs. The mycobiota of allergic skin was significantly less rich than that of healthy skin, and all sites sampled clustered by health status in PCoA. Interestingly, the most abundant fungi present on canine skin, across all body sites and health statuses, were Alternaria and Cladosporium—two of the most common fungal allergens in human environmental allergies.
What Student Affairs Professionals Need to Know About Student Engagement

In a 1992 Calvin and Hobbs cartoon (Watterson), 6-year-old Calvin asks his teacher whether he is being adequately prepared for the challenges of the 21st century. He wants to know if he will have the skills and competencies that will allow him to succeed in a tough, global economy. In response, the teacher suggests he start working harder because what he will get out of school depends on how much effort he puts into it. Calvin ponders this advice for a moment and says, “Then forget it. ” The exchange between Calvin and his teacher gets right to the point about what matters to student learning and personal development. Indeed, one of the few unequivocal conclusions from How College Affects Students (Pascarella & Terenzini, 2005) is that the amount of time and energy students put forth—student engagement—is positively linked with the desired outcomes of undergraduate education. Unfortunately, Calvin’s response is all too common, if not according to what students say, then by what they do or do not do. In this paper, I summarize the role and contributions of the scholarship and institutional research about student engagement and its relevance for student development professionals and others committed to enhancing the quality of the undergraduate experience. The presentation is organized into four major sections. First, I briefly describe the evolution of the student engagement concept and explain its importance to student development. Then, I summarize findings from research studies about the relationships between student engagement and selected activities including participation in high-impact practices, employment, and some other experiences of relevant a relevance to the current generation of undergraduates. Next, I discuss some topics that warrant additional investigation to better understand how to further potential and utility of student engagement research and institutional policies and practices that the findings suggest. I close with some observations about the implications of student engagement research for student affairs professionals and others on campus committed to improving the quality of undergraduate education.
Identification of Informal Reasoning Fallacies as a Function of Epistemological Level, Grade Level, and Cognitive Ability.

Informal reasoning fallacies are violations of critical discussion norms. As epistemological understanding of knowledge justification appears to underlie the informal reasoning skills of argument construction and evaluation, it was hypothesized that adolescents with greater epistemological sophistication would be more able to identify informal reasoning fallacies. It was hypothesized that 11th graders would be more epistemologically sophisticated than 7th or 9th graders and, thus, would more likely identify fallacies. Students responded to questions regarding argument scenarios that did or did not contain fallacies. More 11th graders identified fallacies. Epistemological level predicted only identification of one type of fallacy that might be described as epistemological in nature. Cognitive ability also seemed to contribute to the increased ability with grade to identify fallacies.
Affect and Sexual Responsivity in Men With and Without a History of Sexual Aggression

Despite increased attention to understanding risk factors for sexual aggression, knowledge regarding the emotional and sexual arousal patterns of sexually aggressive men remains limited. The current study examined whether sexually aggressive men exhibit unique profiles of affective responsivity, in particular to negatively valenced stimuli, as well as sexual arousal patterns that differentiate them from nonaggressive men. We presented 78 young men (38 sexually aggressive; 40 nonaggressive) with a series of videos designed to induce positive, sad, or anxious affect. Affect and subjective sexual arousal were assessed following each film and erectile responses were measured continuously. Sexually aggressive men reported significantly higher levels of sexual arousal following both the positive and negative conditions as compared to nonaggressive men. Erectile responses of sexually aggressive men were significantly greater than nonaggressive men’s following the positive affect induction. Self-reported positive affect, but not negative affect, was a significant predictor of subjective sexual arousal for both groups of men. Compared to nonaggressive men, sexually aggressive men showed significantly weaker correlations between subjective and physiological sexual arousal. Findings suggest that generalized heightened propensity for sexual arousal may be a risk factor for sexually aggressive behavior.
Young Children with Challenging Behavior

The critical importance of intervening early to promote the social and emotional development of young children is a recurring theme in several reports commissioned by national organizations and leaders (i.e., Child Mental Health Foundations and Agencies Network; National Research Council of the Institute of Medicine; U.S. Surgeon General). There is an increasing awareness that social—emotional difficulties and problem behaviors in young children are highly likely to continue in school. In addition, young children who show the most chronicity and stability of problem behavior are more likely to be members of families who experience marital distress, parental depression, and poverty. Young children in urban environments who have problem behavior are likely to also face challenges in health, poverty, and access to quality childcare and other services. In this article, the complexity of the urban context is described with a focus on the lives of young children and their families. The authors present a discussion of appropriate practices and research that provides a foundation for the development of effective early intervention programs for young children affected by environmental and developmental challenges. The emphasis of program recommendations is on comprehensiveness in the design of family-centered behavioral support options.