Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional eye-head coordination during gaze saccades in the primate.

The purpose of this investigation was to describe the neural constraints on three-dimensional (3-D) orientations of the eye in space (Es), head in space (Hs), and eye in head (Eh) during visual fixations in the monkey and the control strategies used to implement these constraints during head-free gaze saccades. Dual scleral search coil signals were used to compute 3-D orientation quaternions, two-dimensional (2-D) direction vectors, and 3-D angular velocity vectors for both the eye and head in three monkeys during the following visual tasks: radial to/from center, repetitive horizontal, nonrepetitive oblique, random (wide 2-D range), and random with pin-hole goggles. Although 2-D gaze direction (of Es) was controlled more tightly than the contributing 2-D Hs and Eh components, the torsional standard deviation of Es was greater (mean 3.55 degrees ) than Hs (3.10 degrees ), which in turn was greater than Eh (1.87 degrees ) during random fixations. Thus the 3-D Es range appeared to be the byproduct of Hs and Eh constraints, resulting in a pseudoplanar Es range that was twisted (in orthogonal coordinates) like the zero torsion range of Fick coordinates. The Hs fixation range was similarly Fick-like, whereas the Eh fixation range was quasiplanar. The latter Eh range was maintained through exquisite saccade/slow phase coordination, i.e., during each head movement, multiple anticipatory saccades drove the eye torsionally out of the planar range such that subsequent slow phases drove the eye back toward the fixation range. The Fick-like Hs constraint was maintained by the following strategies: first, during purely vertical/horizontal movements, the head rotated about constantly oriented axes that closely resembled physical Fick gimbals, i.e., about head-fixed horizontal axes and space-fixed vertical axes, respectively (although in 1 animal, the latter constraint was relaxed during repetitive horizontal movements, allowing for trajectory optimization). However, during large oblique movements, head orientation made transient but dramatic departures from the zero-torsion Fick surface, taking the shortest path between two torsionally eccentric fixation points on the surface. Moreover, in the pin-hole goggle task, the head-orientation range flattened significantly, suggesting a task-dependent default strategy similar to Listing's law. These and previous observations suggest two quasi-independent brain stem circuits: an oculomotor 2-D to 3-D transformation that coordinates anticipatory saccades with slow phases to uphold Listing's law, and a flexible "Fick operator" that selects head motor error; both nested within a dynamic gaze feedback loop.
Earnings and Consumption Dynamics: A Nonlinear Panel Data Framework

We develop a new quantile-based panel data framework to study the nature of income persistence and the transmission of income shocks to consumption. Log-earnings are the sum of a general Markovian persistent component and a transitory innovation. The persistence of past shocks to earnings is allowed to vary according to the size and sign of the current shock. Consumption is modeled as an age-dependent nonlinear function of assets and the two earnings components. We establish the nonparametric identification of the nonlinear earnings process and the consumption policy rule. Exploiting the enhanced consumption and asset data in recent waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we find nonlinear persistence and conditional skewness to be key features of the earnings process. We show that the impact of earnings shocks varies substantially across earnings histories, and that this nonlinearity drives heterogeneous consumption responses. The transmission of shocks is found to vary systematically with assets.
A Novel Role for Stat1 in Phagosome Acidification and Natural Host Resistance to Intracellular Infection by Leishmania major

Intracellular parasites of the genus Leishmania generate severe diseases in humans, which are associated with a failure of the infected host to induce a protective interferon γ (IFNγ)-mediated immune response. We tested the role of the JAK/STAT1 signaling pathway in Leishmania pathogenesis by utilizing knockout mice lacking the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1) and derived macrophages. Unexpectedly, infection of Stat1-deficient macrophages in vitro with promastigotes from Leishmania major and attenuated LPG1 knockout mutants (lpg −) specifically lacking lipophosphoglycan (LPG) resulted in a twofold increased intracellular growth, which was independent of IFNγ and associated with a substantial increase in phagosomal pH. Phagosomes in Stat1−/− macrophages showed normal maturation as judged by the accumulation of the lysosomal marker protein rab7, and provided normal vATPase activity, but were defective in the anion conductive pathway required for full vesicular acidification. Our results suggest a role of acidic pH in the control of intracellular Leishmania growth early during infection and identify for the first time an unexpected role of Stat1 in natural anti-microbial resistance independent from its function as IFNγ-induced signal transducer. This novel Stat1 function may have important implications to studies of other pathogens, as the acidic phagolysosomal pH plays an important role in antigen processing and the uncoating process of many viruses.
Benefits of providing an acute simulated learning environment to speech pathology students: An exploratory study

Introduction: Technology-enhanced simulation is being increasingly identified as a viable option for developing clinical experience and competency across all allied health disciplines. The need for simulation is being driven by increasing student numbers, reduced client hospital stays and reduced clinical educator availability. However, simulation is rarely used in existing speech pathology programmes in Australia. This study aimed to explore the impact of simulation on speech pathology students’ knowledge, experience, confidence and behaviour change when conducting a repeated initial consultation in a simulated acute-care environment. Methods: Twelve speech pathology students enrolled in the third year of a 4-year undergraduate programme took part in this embedded mixed-methods study. The study comprised two half-day simulated learning workshops, with workshops consisting of participation in one of three clinical scenarios in a simulated acute hospital setting. Students’ perceptions of their knowledge, experience and confidence were measured prior to and following the simulated experience, in addition to their actual performance being rated. Outcome measures used in this study included the Participant Perception Indicator (PPI), an observer checklist, the Satisfaction with Simulation Experience Scale (SSES) and qualitative feedback. Results: Statistically significant increases in students’ self-reported levels of knowledge, experience and confidence related to acute-care speech pathology practice were captured using the PPI. Positive behaviour change was recorded through repeated practice of the simulation scenario, and all students reported that the simulated learning experience was highly valued. Conclusion: Findings from this pilot study provide important insights into the benefits of simulated learning for speech pathology students, especially within the context of an acute-care setting.
Creating sustainable value

Executive Overview Just as the creation of shareholder value requires performance on multiple dimensions, the global challenges associated with sustainable development are also multifaceted, involving economic, social, and environmental concerns. Indeed, these challenges have implications for virtually every aspect of a firm's strategy and business model. Yet, most managers frame sustainable development not as a multidimensional opportunity, but rather as a one-dimensional nuisance, involving regulations, added cost, and liability. This approach leaves firms ill-equipped to deal with the issue in a strategic manner. Accordingly, we develop a sustainable-value framework that links the challenges of global sustainability to the creation of shareholder value by the firm. Specifically, we show how the global challenges associated with sustainable development, viewed through the appropriate set of business lenses, can help to identify strategies and practices that contribute to a more sustainable world while s.
Coarse-layer stripping of vertically variable azimuthal anisotropy from shear-wave data

Alford rotation analysis of 2C × 2C shear‐wave data (two source components, two receiver components) for azimuthal anisotropy is valid only when the orientation of that azimuthal anisotropy is invariant with depth. The Winterstein and Meadows method of layer stripping vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data relaxes this restriction for coarse‐layer variation of the orientation of the anisotropy. Here we present a tensor generalization of the conventional convolutional model of scalar wave propagation and use it to derive generalizations of Winterstein and Meadows layer stripping, valid for 2C × 2C data and for the restricted 2C-only case, in the VSP and reflection contexts. In the 2C × 2C VSP application, the result reduces to that of Winterstein and Meadows in the case where both fast and slow shear modes have the same attenuation and dispersion; otherwise, a balancing of mode spectra and amplitudes is required. The 2C × 2C reflection result differs from the 2C × 2C VSP result since two applications of the.
Theory of Cross Sectionally Contoured Distributions and Its Applications

We discuss generalization of elliptically contoured distributions to densities whose contours are arbitrary cross sections in the framework of group invariance. This generalization leads to much richer family of distributions compared to the elliptically contoured distributions. The basic property of the elliptically contoured distribution is the independence of the \length" and the \direction" of the random vector. We show that in our generalized framework this independence still holds if we dene the length appropriately. Our examples include \star-shaped distributions" and their generalization to random matrices.
Studies on the Quality of Grapevine Berries Sprayed With Copper Fungicide

Studies were carried out by the grapevine berries sprayed with copper hydroxide (Kocide 3000) to assess its quality in terms of reducing sugars, non reducing sugars, total sugars and acidity. The total, reducing and non reducing sugars were higher in the grapevine berries sprayed with Copper hydroxide comparing with that of control plots. Fruit quality was improved in Copper hydroxide (Kocide 3000) treated plots when compared to control. The plots receiving 450 g a.i ha -1 recorded 25.43 per cent increase in total sugar over control. It attributes that copper hydroxide apart from managing downy mildew pathogen, it improves quality of grapevine berries fetching higher market rate.
Temporal integration of bodies and faces: united we stand, divided we fall?

ABSTRACT Although most research in the field of emotion perception has focused on the isolated face, recent studies have highlighted the integration of emotional faces and bodies. Regardless of instructions to ignore it, incongruent emotional body context can automatically alter the categorization of distinct and prototypical facial expressions. Previous work suggested that face–body integration is rapid, automatic, and persists even after spatial misalignment of the two. However, the temporal dynamics of face–body integration were never explored. Using a novel measure of temporal visual integration, the current report examines the effect of introducing a temporal gap between the body and face. When presented simultaneously, faces and bodies showed robust integration: the face was strongly influenced by the information conveyed by the task-irrelevant body. By contrast, when faces and bodies were presented with even the briefest temporal lag, we failed to find evidence for integration of bodily and facial emotion cues. These main findings were replicated across three experiments, and suggest that the integration between emotional faces and bodies may be more fragile than previously assumed.
Homophily in Social Networks and Labor Market Outcomes

We develop a labor matching model where information about vacant jobs is partly obtained through contacts. From this framework we study the correlation between some charateristics of the structure of social networks and labor market outcomes. Workers are embeded in di¤erent network structures according to their type -or origin. Following recent theoretical and empirical ndings, we consider that two characteristics of network composition are endogenous for each type: homophily -the tendency to associate with individuals of the same typeand network size. These two characteristics are a¤ected by changes in three key elements, the relative size of each group in the population, average preferences for same-type ties and biases in meetings. Our numerical simulations suggest a positive relation between network size and labor market outcomes, which is in line with the literature. Simulations however suggest something less expected, a positive correlation between homophily and labor market outcomes for members of the minority group. The relation is reversed for the majority group. We discuss conditions and explainations for this correlation. We furthermore notice that the way the three key elements we mentioned above a¤ect labor market outcomes for each group is in line with the growing empirical literature on the subject.
Infrastructure Financing with Unbundled Mechanisms

This paper discusses the radical change of the role of the public sector in the financing of infrastructure projects during the nineties. The generalized response to the new environment has taken the form of arrangements in which private initiative is empowered to construct and finance the projects, retaining their ownership temporarily. These arrangements, which are referred to as Build-Lease-Transfer (BLT) and Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT), respectively, have proved to be an efficient approach to develop infrastructure that the public sector by itself could not undertake. The authors argue that a generalized use of BOT schemes, whose main characteristic is the concentration of all responsibilities (building, management and financing) in a unique private agent (or a joint venture of private agents), could be challenged on the grounds that the unbundling of these responsibilities is a more efficient alternative.
A model of the euro-area yield curve with discrete policy rates

Abstract This paper presents a no-arbitrage yield-curve model that explicitly incorporates the central-bank policy rate. This model is consistent with the existence of a lower bound for nominal interest rates, which makes it particularly relevant in the current context of extremely low interest rates. Changes in the policy rates depend on the monetary-policy phase, that can be either in an easing, status quo or tightening mode. The estimation of the model, based on daily euro-area yield data, reveals the strong influence of the monetary-policy phases on the shape of the yield curve. This relationship can, in turn, be exploited to estimate the probabilities of being in the different monetary-policy phases. The model is also used to compute term premiums, that are the parts of the yields reflecting the aversion of investors to interest rate risk. The results point to the existence of statistically significant premiums for many dates, even for short horizons.
Bulletin on the effectiveness of health service interventions for decision makers NHS

The contents of this bulletin are likely to be valid for around one year, by which time significant new research evidence may have become available. s Child health screening focuses on the early detection of childhood disorders in order to reduce disability. This includes screening for hearing, speech and language and vision problems in preschool children. s Screening for permanent childhood hearing impairment is usually carried out by health visitors using the infant distraction test (HVDT) at 6–9 months. This test fails to detect a significant number of hearing problems sufficiently early. s There is good evidence that universal neonatal hearing screening is more effective and cost-effective than HVDT at detecting significant congenital hearing loss. s A significant number of preschool children show signs of speech and language delay at some point. Delay which would not spontaneously improve can be effectively treated. However, it is not yet clear how to identify children who will fail to progress without treatment. s Preschool vision screening for refractive errors and non-obvious squints may not be beneficial because these minor conditions, by themselves, do not appear to be problematic and because the advantages of treating them have not been demonstrated. Major defects are identified without screening. s The direct research evidence that amblyopia in young children is disabling and can be effectively treated is weak. However, there is strong clinical opinion that identifying and treating amblyopia at an early age produces benefits. Better research is required to provide a clearer picture of the likely benefits, harms and costs of preschool vision screening.
A High Spatial Resolution Analysis of the MAXIMA-1 Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy Data

We extend the analysis of the MAXIMA-1 cosmic microwave background data to smaller angular scales. MAXIMA, a bolometric balloon-borne experiment, mapped a 124 deg2 region of the sky with 10' resolution at frequencies of 150, 240, and 410 GHz during its first flight. The original analysis, which covered the multipole range 36 ≤ l ≤ 785 using a 100 deg2 map, is extended to l = 1235 using a subset of the data from three 150 GHz photometers in the fully cross-linked central 60 deg2 of the map. The main improvement over the original analysis is the use of 3' square pixels in the calculation of the map. The new analysis is consistent with the original for l < 785. For l > 785, where inflationary models predict a third acoustic peak, the new analysis shows power with an amplitude of 56 ± 7 μK at l ≃ 850 in excess to the average power of 42 ± 3 μK in the range 441 < l < 785.
Green Tea Catechins Reduce Invasive Potential of Human Melanoma Cells by Targeting COX-2, PGE2 Receptors and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition

Melanoma is the most serious type of skin disease and a leading cause of death from skin disease due to its highly metastatic ability. To develop more effective chemopreventive agents for the prevention of melanoma, we have determined the effect of green tea catechins on the invasive potential of human melanoma cells and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects using A375 (BRAF-mutated) and Hs294t (Non-BRAF-mutated) melanoma cell lines as an in vitro model. Employing cell invasion assays, we found that the inhibitory effects of green tea catechins on the cell migration were in the order of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)>(-)-epigallocatechin>(-)-epicatechin-3-gallate>(-)-gallocatechin>(-)-epicatechin. Treatment of A375 and Hs294t cells with EGCG resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell migration or invasion of these cells, which was associated with a reduction in the levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, prostaglandin (PG) E2 and PGE2 receptors (EP2 and EP4). Treatment of cells with celecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor, also inhibited melanoma cell migration. EGCG inhibits 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-, an inducer of COX-2, and PGE2-induced cell migration of cells. EGCG decreased EP2 agonist (butaprost)- and EP4 agonist (Cay10580)-induced cell migration ability. Moreover, EGCG inhibited the activation of NF-κB/p65, an upstream regulator of COX-2, in A375 melanoma cells, and treatment of cells with caffeic acid phenethyl ester, an inhibitor of NF-κB, also inhibited cell migration. Inhibition of melanoma cell migration by EGCG was associated with transition of mesenchymal stage to epithelial stage, which resulted in an increase in the levels of epithelial biomarkers (E-cadherin, cytokeratin and desmoglein 2) and a reduction in the levels of mesenchymal biomarkers (vimentin, fibronectin and N-cadherin) in A375 melanoma cells. Together, these results indicate that EGCG, a major green tea catechin, has the ability to inhibit melanoma cell invasion/migration, an essential step of metastasis, by targeting the endogenous expression of COX-2, PGE2 receptors and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
Atrial fibrillation and microRNAs

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia, especially in the elderly, and has a significant genetic component. Recently, several independent investigators have demonstrated a functional role for small non-coding RNAs (microRNAs) in the pathophysiology of this cardiac arrhythmia. This report represents a systematic and updated appraisal of the main studies that established a mechanistic association between specific microRNAs and AF, focusing both on the regulation of electrical and structural remodeling of cardiac tissue.
Basic Characteristics of Glutamates and Umami Sensing in the Oral Cavity and Gut The Representation of Umami Taste in the Taste Cortex 1 , 2

To investigate the neural encoding of glutamate (umami) taste in the primate, recordings were made from taste-responsive neurons in the cortical taste areas in macaques. Most of the neurons were in the orbitofrontal cortex (secondary) taste area. First, it was shown that there is a representation of the taste of glutamate that is separate from the representation of the other prototypical tastants, sweet (glucose), salt (NaCl), bitter (quinine) and sour (HCl). Second, it was shown that single neurons that had their best responses to sodium glutamate also had good responses to glutamic acid. Third, it was shown that the responses of these neurons to the nucleotide umami tastant inosine 59-monophosphate were more correlated with their responses to monosodium glutamate than to any prototypical tastant. Fourth, concentration-response curves showed that concentrations of monosodium glutamate as low as 0.001 mol/L were just above threshold for some of these neurons. Fifth, some neurons in the orbitofrontal region which responded to monosodium glutamate and other food tastes, decreased their responses after feeding with monosodium glutamate to behavioral satiety, revealing a mechanism of satiety. In some cases, this reduction was sensory-specific. Sixth, it was shown in psychophysical experiments in humans that the flavor of umami is strongest with a combination of corresponding taste and olfactory stimuli (e.g., monosodium glutamate and garlic odor). The hypothesis is proposed that part of the way in which glutamate works as a flavor enhancer is by acting in combination with corresponding food odors. The appropriate associations between the odor and the glutamate taste may be learned at least in part by olfactory to taste association learning in the primate orbitofrontal cortex. J. Nutr. 130: 960S–965S, 2000.
Modified Discrete Binary PSO Based Sensor Placement in WSN Networks

In this article we applied modified binary particle swarm optimization algorithm for solving the sensor placement in distributed sensor networks. PSO is a real value algorithm, and the discrete PSO is proposed to be adapted to discrete binary space. In the distributed sensor networks, the sensor placement is NP-complete for arbitrary sensor fields and it is one of the most important issues in the research fields, so the proposed algorithms are going to solve this problem by considering two factors: one is the complete coverage and the second one is the minimum costs. The proposed method on sensors surrounding is examined in different area. The results not only confirmed the successes of using new method in sensor replacement, but also they showed that the new method performs more efficiently compared to the Simulated Annealing Algorithm.