Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced VIP Algorithms for Forwarding, Caching, and Congestion Control in Named Data Networks

Emerging Information-Centric Networking (ICN) architectures seek to optimally utilize both bandwidth and storage for efficient content distribution over the network. The Virtual Interest Packet (VIP) framework has been proposed to enable joint design of forwarding, caching, and congestion control strategies within the Named Data Networking (NDN) architecture. While the existing VIP algorithms exhibit good performance, they are primarily focused on maximizing network throughput and utility, and do not explicitly consider user delay. In this paper, we develop a new class of enhanced algorithms for joint dynamic forwarding, caching and congestion control within the VIP framework. These enhanced VIP algorithms adaptively stabilize the network and maximize network utility, while improving the delay performance by intelligently making use of VIP information beyond one hop. Generalizing Lyapunov drift techniques, we prove the throughput optimality and characterize the utility-delay tradeoff of the enhanced VIP algorithms. Numerical experiments demonstrate the superior performance of the resulting enhanced algorithms for handling Interest Packets and Data Packets within the actual plane, in terms of low network delay and high network utility.
The association of body mass index with mortality in the California Teachers Study

Although underweight and obesity have been associated with increased risk of mortality, it remains unclear whether the associations differ by hormone therapy (HT) use and smoking. The authors examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mortality within the California Teachers Study (CTS), specifically considering the impact of HT and smoking. The authors examined the associations of underweight and obesity with risks of all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality, among 115,433 women participating in the CTS, and specifically examined whether HT use or smoking modifies the effects of obesity. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression provided estimates of relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During follow up, 10,574 deaths occurred. All‐cause mortality was increased for underweight (BMI <18.5; adjusted RR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.20–1.47) and obese participants (BMI ≥ 30: RR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.19–1.37) relative to BMI of 18.5–24.9). Respiratory disease mortality was increased for underweight and obese participants. Death from any cancer, and breast cancer specifically, and cardiovascular disease was observed only for obese participants. The obesity and mortality association remained after stratification on HT and smoking. Obese participants remained at greater risk for mortality after stratification on menopausal HT and smoking. Obesity was associated with increased all‐cause mortality, as well as death from any cancer (including breast), and cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. These findings help to identify groups at risk for BMI‐related poor health outcomes.
End of Life: A Family Narrative

This paper is based on ethnographic research that examines family reaction to an elderly husband and father's end of life. From a group of 30 families in our study (family defined as a widow aged 70 and over and two adult biological children between the ages of 40 and 60), we offer an extreme case example of family bereavement. We report our findings through the open-ended responses of a widow and two children who were interviewed ten months after the death of the husband and father. Three general themes emerged: (1) how the family imputes meaning to the end of life, (2) changes in the roles of family members, and (3) the family's ways of coping with the death, particularly through their belief system. A key finding is that the meaning family members find in their loved one's death is tied to the context of his death (how and where he died), their perception of his quality of life as a whole, and their philosophical, religious, and spiritual beliefs about life, death, and the afterlife that are already in place.
Effets des incendies de forêt sur la végétation au Sud des Alpes suisses

Effets des incendies de foret sur la vegetation au Sud des Alpes suisses L'etude presentee porte sur ! es effets du feu sur la vegetation, dans les principales associations vegetales touchees par ! es incendies au Sud des Alpes suisses. Des releves botaniques et des mesures dendrologiques, effectues dans des sites soumis a differents regimes de feu, ont ete traites a l'aide de diverses methodes d'analyse statistique, afin d'etablir ! es effets du feu sur chaque association etudiee. Nos resultats indiquent que ! es incendies ont un effet sur Ja physionomie de Ja vegetation, quelles que soient l'association Oll Ja Station touchee. La repetition des incendies semble entralner a long terme un appauvrissement et une acidification du so! La dynamique de Ja vegetation apres l'incendie depend vraisemblablement de la composition floristique initiale, ainsi que des strategies de survie des differentes especes vegetales concernees. Pour l'evaluation des consequences des incendies, un indice base sur ! es degäts visibles sur ! es troncs d'arbre ablmes par Je feu n'est utilisable qu'en foret de chätaignier, cette essence etant pyrotolerante. En effet, en foret de feuillus mixte, ! es especes ! es plus sensibles au feu sont progressivement eliminees, ce qui ne permet pas l'utilisation d'un tel type d'indice.
Heat-induced disaggregation of a multifunctional enzyme complex catalyzing the first steps in pyrimidine biosynthesis in bakers' yeast.

A highly purified enzyme complex (from bakers' yeast), which possesses carbamylphosphate synthetase (CPSase) and aspartate transcarbamylase (ATCase) activities and a regulatory site for both activities at which feedback inhibition is exerted by UTP, was subjected to heat at 50 °C, and all three of the above parameters were followed. A treatment of 5 min was sufficient to cause disaggregation of the complex (original molecular weight 600 000) and appearance of subunits of approximately one-quarter the size of the unheated material. These subunits possessed only the ATCase activity, which was insensitive to uridine triphosphate; no component possessing CPSase activity was found in the sucrose density gradient. The ATCase was relatively resistant to heat, but there was a rapid and roughly parallel decline in the CPSase and in the sensitivity of the ATCase to inhibition by UTP. However, the residual CPSase activity, at any duration of heating, remained fully sensitive to inhibition by uridine triphosphate. CP.
International historical statistics : the Americas, 1750-2005

Contents The Pack contains these three volumes: INTERNATIONAL HISTORICAL STATISTICS 1750-2005: AMERICAS HB GBP275.00 9780230005136 INTERNATIONAL HISTORICAL STATISTICS 1750-2005: EUROPE HB GBP275.00 9780230005143 INTERNATIONAL HISTORICAL STATISTICS 1750-2005: AFRICA, ASIA AND OCEANIA HB GBP275.00 9780230005150 Provides statistical data in easy to use tables, for the last 254 years (where available) covering: Population& Vital Statistics Labour Force Agriculture Industry External Trade Transport& Communication Prices Education National Accounts These are provided in a detailed series of subsets: eg unemployment figures, coal production figures etc. In addition, Mitchell provides a useful guide to primary statistical sources worldwide.
Effect of feeding silages or carrots as supplements to laying hens on production performance, nutrient digestibility, gut structure, gut microflora and feather pecking behaviour

1. An experiment was carried out to examine the suitability of using maize silage, barley–pea silage and carrots as foraging materials for egg-laying hens. Production performance, nutrient digestibility, gastrointestinal characteristics, including the composition of the intestinal microflora as well as feather pecking behaviour were the outcome variables. 2. The protein content of the foraging material (g/kg DM) was on average 69 g in carrots, 94 g in maize silage and 125 g in barley–pea silage. The starch content was highest in the maize silage (312 g/kg DM), and the content of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) varied from 196 to 390 g/kg, being lowest in carrots. Sugars were just traceable in the silages, whereas carrots contained on average 496 g/kg DM. 3. Egg production was highest in hens fed either carrots or maize silage, whereas hens fed barley–pea silage produced less (219 vs. 208). Although the consumption of foraging material was high (33, 35 and 48% of the total feed intake on ‘as fed’ basis for maize silage, barley–pea silage and carrots, respectively) only a minor effect on nitrogen corrected apparent metabolisable energy (AMEn) and apparent digestibility was seen. At 53 weeks of age, hens fed maize silage had AMEn and apparent digestibility values close to the control group (12·61 and 12·82, respectively), whereas access to barley–pea silage and carrots resulted in slightly lower values (12·36 and 12·42, respectively). Mortality was reduced dramatically in the three groups given supplements (0·5 to 2·5%) compared to the control group (15·2%). 4. Hens receiving silage had greater relative gizzard weights than the control or carrot-fed groups. At 53 weeks of age, the gizzard-content pH of hens receiving silage was about 0·7 to 0·9 units lower than that of the control or carrot-fed hens. Hens fed both types of silage had higher concentrations of lactic acid (15·6 vs. 3·2 µmoles/g) and acetic acid (3·6 vs. 6·1 µmoles/g) in the gizzard contents than the other two groups. The dietary supplements had a minor effect on the composition of the intestinal microflora of the hens. 5. Access to all three types of supplements decreased damaging pecking in general (to feathers as well as skin/cloaca), reduced severe feather pecking behaviour and improved the quality of the plumage at 54 weeks of age. 6. In conclusion, access to different types of foraging material such as silages and carrots improved animal welfare.
A Hybrid Projection{proximal Point Algorithm

We propose a modiication of the classical proximal point algorithm for nding zeroes of a maximal monotone operator in a Hilbert space. In particular, an approximate proximal point iteration is used to construct a hyperplane which strictly separates the current iterate from the solution set of the problem. This step is then followed by a projection of the current iterate onto the separating hyperplane. All information required for this projection operation is readily available at the end of the approximate proximal step, and therefore this projection entails no additional computational cost. The new algorithm allows signiicant relaxation of tolerance requirements imposed on the solution of proximal point subproblems, which yields a more practical framework. Weak global convergence and local linear rate of convergence are established under suitable assumptions. Additionally, presented analysis yields an alternative proof of convergence for the exact proximal point method, which allows a nice geometric interpretation, and is somewhat more intuitive than the classical proof.
Size at birth, infant, early and later childhood growth and adult body composition: a prospective study in a stunted population.

BACKGROUND Pre-natal and post-natal growth are associated with adult body composition, but the relative importance of growth in different periods of childhood is still unclear, particularly in stunted populations. METHODS We studied 358 women and 352 men measured as children in 1969-77 in four villages in Guatemala, and re-measured as adults in 2002-04 (mean age 32.7 years). We determined the associations of body mass index (BMI) and length at birth, and changes in BMI and length during infancy (0-1.0 year) and early (1.0-3.0 years) and later (3.0-7.0 years) childhood, with adult BMI ((a)BMI), percentage of body fat ((a)PBF), abdominal circumference ((a)AC) and fat-free mass ((a)FFM). RESULTS Prevalence of stunting was high (64% at 3 years; HAZ < -2SD). Obesity (WHZ > 2SD) prevalence in childhood was <2%, while overweight prevalence in adulthood was 52%. BMI at birth was positively associated with (a)BMI and (a)FFM while length at birth was positively associated with (a)AC and (a)FFM. Increased BMI in infancy and later childhood were positively associated with all four adult body composition measures; associations in later childhood with fatness and abdominal fatness were stronger than those with (a)FFM. Change in length during infancy and early childhood was positively associated with all four adult body composition outcomes; the associations with (a)FFM were stronger than those with fat mass. CONCLUSIONS Increases in BMI between 3.0 and 7.0 years had stronger associations with adult fat mass and abdominal fat than with (a)FFM; increases in length prior to age 3.0 years were most strongly associated with increases in (a)FFM.
Guided Signal Reconstruction Theory

An axiomatic approach to signal reconstruction is formulated, involving a sample consistent set and a guiding set, describing desired reconstructions. New frame-less reconstruction methods are proposed, based on a novel concept of a reconstruction set, defined as a shortest pathway between the sample consistent set and the guiding set. Existence and uniqueness of the reconstruction set are investigated in a Hilbert space, where the guiding set is a closed subspace and the sample consistent set is a closed plane, formed by a sampling subspace. Connections to earlier known consistent, generalized, and regularized reconstructions are clarified. New stability and reconstruction error bounds are derived, using the largest nontrivial angle between the sampling and guiding subspaces. Conjugate gradient iterative reconstruction algorithms are proposed and illustrated numerically for image magnification.
Patient Perspectives on Participation in Cognitive Functional Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain

Background Cognitive functional therapy (CFT) has been shown to reduce pain and disability in people with chronic low back pain. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate participants' experience of CFT by comparing participants who reported differing levels of improvement after participation in CFT, potentially yielding insight into the implementation of this approach. Design This was a noninterventional, cross-sectional, qualitative study with an interpretive description framework. Methods Individuals who had participated in CFT in 2 physical therapy settings (in Ireland and Australia) were recruited through purposive sampling based on disability outcomes postintervention (n=9), and theoretical sampling (n=5). This sampling strategy was used to capture a range of participant experiences but was not used to define the final qualitative groupings. Semistructured interviews were conducted 3 to 6 months postintervention. Results Three groups emerged from the qualitative analysis: large improvers, small improvers, and unchanged. Two themes encapsulating the key requirements in achieving a successful outcome through CFT were identified: (1) changing pain beliefs and (2) achieving independence. Changing pain beliefs to a more biopsychosocial perspective required a strong therapeutic alliance, development of body awareness, and the experience of control over pain. Independence was achieved by large improvers through newly cultivated problem-solving skills, self-efficacy, decreased fear of pain, and improved stress coping. Residual fear and poor stress coping meant that small improvers were easily distressed and lacked independence. Those who were unchanged continued to feel defined by their pain and retained a biomedical perspective. Conclusions A successful outcome after CFT is dependent on instilling biopsychosocial pain beliefs and developing independence among participants. Small improvers may require ongoing support to maintain results. Further study is needed to elucidate the optimal approach for those who were unchanged.
2-Aminobenzoyl-CoA monooxygenase/reductase, a novel type of flavoenzyme. Studies on the stoichiometry and the course of the reaction.

The reaction catalyzed by 2-aminobenzoyl-coenzyme-A monooxygenase/reductase from a denitrifying Pseudomonas sp. has been investigated. 2-Aminobenzoyl-CoA and 2-amino[carboxy-14C]benzoyl-CoA were synthesized enzymatically using 2-aminobenzoyl-CoA synthetase from the same organism. The product was purified by chromatography and characterized by ultraviolet/visible and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The conversion of 2-aminobenzoyl-CoA catalyzed by the monooxygenase/reductase requires NADH and oxygen, and yields at least two different products depending on the relative concentration of NADH. At [NADH] less than Km (40 microM), i.e. [NADH]/[2-aminobenzoyl-CoA] approximately 0.02-0.05, the main product is probably a hydroxylated derivative of 2-aminobenzoyl-CoA, which is characterized by an absorbance maximum around 375 nm. When [NADH]/[2-aminobenzoyl-CoA] approximately 2-5, the predominant product is a non-aromatic coenzyme A thioester (lambda max approximately 320 nm). The stoichiometry in this case is 2.1-2.4 mol NADH oxidized (mol oxygen consumed)-1 (mol 2-aminobenzoyl-CoA metabolized)-1. The product is extremely unstable in the acidic pH range and undergoes decarboxylation in a few minutes at pH less than 5. Some degree of stabilisation is obtained upon reduction with sodium borohydride, probably resulting in a further reduced non-aromatic coenzyme-A thioester.
The pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension in haemodialysis patients via arterio-venous access.

BACKGROUND We recently have shown a high incidence of unexplained pulmonary hypertension (PHT) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on chronic haemodialysis (HD) therapy via arterio-venous (A-V) access. This study evaluated the possibility that PHT in these patients is triggered or aggravated by chronic HD via surgical A-V access, and the role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) in this syndrome. METHODS Forty-two HD patients underwent clinical evaluation. Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) was evaluated using Doppler echocardiography. Levels of ET-1 and NO metabolites in plasma were determined before and after the HD procedure and were compared between subgroups of patients with and without PHT. RESULTS Out of 42 HD patients studied, 20 patients (48%) had PHT (PAP = 46+/-2; range 36-82 mmHg) while the rest had a normal PAP (29+/-1 mmHg) (P<0.0001). HD patients with PHT had higher cardiac output compared with those with normal PAP (6.0+/-1.2 vs 5.2+/-0.9 l/min, P<0.034). HD patients, with or without PHT, had elevated plasma ET-1 levels compared with controls (1.6+/-0.7 and 2.4+/-0.8 fmol/ml vs 1.0+/-0.2, P<0.05) that remained unchanged after the HD procedure. HD patients without PHT and control subjects showed similar basal plasma levels of NO2 + NO3 (24.2+/-5.2 vs 19.7+/-3.1 microM, P>0.05) that was significantly higher compared with HD patients with PHT (14.3+/-2.3 microM, P<0.05). HD therapy caused a significant increase in plasma NO metabolites that was greater in patients without PHT (from 24.2+/-5.2 to 77.1+/-9.6 microM, P<0.0001, and from 14.3+/-2.3 to 39.9+/-11.4 microM, P<0.0074, respectively). Significant declines in PAP (from 49.8+/-2.8 to 38.6+/-2.2 mmHg, P<0.004) and cardiac output (CO) (from 7.6+/-0.6 to 6.1+/-0.3 l/min, P<0.03) were found in 11 HD patients with PHT that underwent successful transplantation. Similarly, temporary closure of the A-V access by a sphygmomanometer in eight patients with PHT resulted in a transient decrease in CO (from 6.4+/-0.6 to 5.3+/- 0.5 l/min, P = 0.18) and systolic PAP (from 47.2+/-3.8 to 34.6+/-2.8 mmHg, P<0.028). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a high prevalence of PHT among patients with ESRD on chronic HD via a surgical A-V fistula. In view of the vasodilatory and antimitogenic properties of NO, it is possible that the attenuated basal and HD-induced NO production in patients with PHT contributes to the increased pulmonary vascular tone. Furthermore, the partial restoration of normal PAP and CO in HD patients that underwent either temporal A-V shunt closure or successful transplantation indicates that excessive pulmonary blood flow is involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Nurse–Patient Ratios as a Patient Safety Strategy

A small percentage of patients die during hospitalization or shortly thereafter, and it is widely believed that more or better nursing care could prevent some of these deaths. The author systematically reviewed the evidence about nurse staffing ratios and in-hospital death through September 2012. From 550 titles, 87 articles were reviewed and 15 new studies that augmented the 2 existing reviews were selected. The strongest evidence supporting a causal relationship between higher nurse staffing levels and decreased inpatient mortality comes from a longitudinal study in a single hospital that carefully accounted for nurse staffing and patient comorbid conditions and a meta-analysis that found a "dose-response relationship" in observational studies of nurse staffing and death. No studies reported any serious harms associated with an increase in nurse staffing. Limiting any stronger conclusions is the lack of an evaluation of an intervention to increase nurse staffing ratios. The formal costs of increasing the nurse-patient ratio cannot be calculated because there has been no evaluation of an intentional change in nurse staffing to improve patient outcomes.
Does the pay-for-performance programme reduce the emergency department visits for hypoglycaemia in type 2 diabetic patients?

OBJECTIVE The pay-for-performance (P4P) programme for diabetes care was implemented in Taiwan to promote holistic care for diabetic patients. This study investigated the effect of P4P on the need for emergency care for diabetic hypoglycaemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database was used to gather nationwide data on patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes in 2001-09. Using the propensity score matching method, diabetes patients in the P4P programme and those not in P4P were matched, resulting in 199 626 people in each group. A Cox proportional hazards model was applied to analyse the risk of requiring emergency care for diabetic hypoglycaemia in P4P patients. RESULTS A total of 5519 patients sought emergency care for diabetic hypoglycaemia. Of them, 2097 (1.97%) were enrolled in regular P4P treatment, 1671 (1.79%) were enrolled in P4P and irregular treatment, whereas 1751 (0.88%) were not. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed that the risk of seeking emergency care for diabetic hypoglycaemia was higher in P4P patients, with an hazard ratio of 1.90 (95% CI: 1.73-2.08) for regular treatment and 1.32 (95% CI: 1.20-1.45) for irregular treatment. Others with a higher risk of diabetic hypoglycaemia included those older than 25 years, those with lower salaries, those living in less urban areas, those with catastrophic illness and those with a higher comorbidity or higher diabetes complication. Those treated in a non-public hospital were at a higher risk of diabetic hypoglycaemia than those in a public hospital. Patients treated in the higher service volume hospital were at a higher risk as well. Emergency visits due to diabetic hypoglycaemia after P4P were significantly higher than those before P4P. CONCLUSION When treating P4P patients, special care should be taken to help them avoid diabetic hypoglycaemia severe enough to require emergency care.