Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Near-Optimal Dynamic Learning Algorithm for Online Matching Problems with Concave Returns

We consider an online matching problem with concave returns. This problem is a significant generalization of the Adwords allocation problem and has vast applications in online advertising. In this problem, a sequence of items arrive sequentially and each has to be allocated to one of the bidders, who bid a certain value for each item. At each time, the decision maker has to allocate the current item to one of the bidders without knowing the future bids and the objective is to maximize the sum of some concave functions of each bidder's aggregate value. In this work, we propose an algorithm that achieves near-optimal performance for this problem when the bids arrive in a random order and the input data satisfies certain conditions. The key idea of our algorithm is to learn the input data pattern dynamically: we solve a sequence of carefully chosen partial allocation problems and use their optimal solutions to assist with the future decision. Our analysis belongs to the primal-dual paradigm, however, the absence of linearity of the objective function and the dynamic feature of the algorithm makes our analysis quite unique.
Real-time Accurate Facial Feature Corner Localization by Rule-Based Selection

We propose a coarse-to-fine approach for localizing eye and lip corners, which is accurate and robust, and can be executed in real-time. Given an image, we first detect the face and the rough initial positions of eyes and lip in the coarsest level. In the middle level, SUSAN corner detection is applied to obtain candidate corners, from which we select a best one as the facial feature corner. Finally, in the finest level, the corner is further refined by Normalized Cross-Correlation (NCC) template matching. We have tested our algorithm on the database containing over 5000 faces with various poses, expressions, occlusions and light conditions. The experimental results show that our method can successfully localize the facial feature corners with more than 20FPS, which is very appealing.
Comparative validity of measures of implicit exercise associations

v CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND AND THEORETICAL FOUNDATION . 1 Chapter Overview . 1 Background and Significance . 1 Current Theories and the Rationality Assumption . 3 Need for Radical New Theorizing . 6 Summary of Theoretical Framework . 16 Problem, Purpose, Assumptions and Hypotheses . 17 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 20 Chapter Overview . 20 On Attitudes versus Associations . 21 On Automaticity . 22 Measurement of Implicit Associations . 23 Comparison of Implicit Measures . 46 Manipulating Affective Responses to Exercise . 53 Chapter 2 Summary . 54 CHAPTER 3: METHODS AND PROCEDURES . 56 Participants . 56 Measures . 57 Procedures . 75 Data Processing . 80 Data Analysis . 82 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS . 87 Characteristics of the Individualized Exercise Intensity . 87 Characteristics of Experienced Pleasure . 88 Characteristics of Recalled Affect . 89 Implicit Measure Administration Time and Efficiency . 90 Implicit Measure Outlier and Timeout Percentage . 91 Implicit Measure Internal Consistency . 91 Comparative Validity of Implicit Measures in the Exercise Domain . 92 Moderation Analyses . 96
Genome‐Wide Analysis of Subependymomas Shows Underlying Chromosomal Copy Number Changes Involving Chromosomes 6, 7, 8 and 14 in a Proportion of Cases

Subependymomas (SE) are slow‐growing brain tumors that tend to occur within the ventricles of middle‐aged and elderly adults. The World Health Organization classifies these tumors within the ependymoma group. Previous limited analysis of this tumor type had not revealed significant underlying cytogenetic abnormalities.
Stability of Finite Population ALOHA with Variable Packets

ALOHA is one of the most basic Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols and represents a foundation for other more sophisticated distributed and asynchronous MAC protocols, e.g., CSMA. In this paper, unlike in the traditional work that focused on mean value analysis, we study the distributional properties of packet transmission delays over an ALOHA channel. We discover a new phenomenon showing that a basic finite population ALOHA model with variable size (exponential) packets is characterized by power law transmission delays, possibly even resulting in zero throughput. These results are in contrast to the classical work that shows exponential delays and positive throughput for finite population ALOHA with fixed packets. Furthermore, we characterize a new stability condition that is entirely derived from the tail behavior of the packet and backoff distributions that may not be determined by mean values. The power law effects and the possible instability might be diminished, or perhaps eliminated, by reducing the variability of packets. However, we show that even a slotted (synchronized) ALOHA with packets of constant size can exhibit power law delays when the number of active users is random. From an engineering perspective, our results imply that the variability of packet sizes and number of active users need to be taken into consideration when designing robust MAC protocols, especially for ad-hoc/sensor networks where other factors, such as link failures and mobility, might further compound the problem.
Comparison of ASCA and ROSAT Cluster Temperatures: A2256, A3558, and AWM 7

We address the consistency between ASCA and ROSAT spatially resolved cluster temperature measurements, which is of significant and immediate interest given the recent ASCA reports of temperature gradients in several hot clusters. We reanalyze ROSAT PSPC data on A2256 (originally analyzed by Briel & Henry) using the newer calibration and a technique less sensitive to the calibration uncertainties. We find a temperature decline with radius in good agreement with that of ASCA, although with much larger errors than those of ASCA. We also present ASCA temperature maps and radial profiles of two cooler clusters, A3558 and AWM 7. These are compared to the ROSAT results of Bardelli et al. and Neumann & Böhringer. In A3558, our analysis detects an asymmetric temperature pattern and a slight radial temperature decline at r ~ 0.5 h-1 Mpc, in addition to the spectral complexity of the cD galaxy region. We do not detect any significant spatial temperature variations in AWM 7, except around the cD galaxy, in agreement with the earlier ASCA analysis of this cluster. Radial temperature profiles of these two clusters are in a qualitative agreement with those from ROSAT. However, while ASCA average temperatures (5.5 and 3.9 keV, respectively) agree with those from other high-energy instruments (Ginga and EXOSAT for A3558 and Einstein MPC and EXOSAT for AWM 7), ROSAT temperatures are lower by factors of 1.7 and 1.25, respectively. We find that including realistic estimates of the current ROSAT systematic uncertainties enlarges the temperature confidence intervals so that ROSAT measurements are consistent with others for these two clusters as well. Because of the limited energy coverage of ROSAT PSPC, its results for the hotter clusters are highly sensitive to calibration uncertainties. We conclude that within the present calibration accuracy, there is no disagreement between ASCA and other instruments. This adds confidence to the ASCA results on the hotter clusters which can at present be studied with precision only with this instrument. On the scientific side, a ROSAT temperature underestimate for A3558 may be responsible for the anomalously high gas to total mass fraction found by Bardelli et al. Our spatially resolved temperature measurement may indicate a recent or ongoing subcluster merger in this core member of the Shapley supercluster.
Purity results for $p$-divisible groups and Abelian schemes over regular bases of mixed characteristic

Let p be a prime. Let (R;m) be a regular local ring of mixed characteristic (0;p) and absolute index of ramication e. We provide general criteria of when each abelian scheme over SpecRnfmg extends to an abelian scheme over SpecR. We show that such extensions always exist ife p 1, exist in most cases if p e 2p 3, and do not exist in general if e 2p 2. The case e p 1 implies the uniqueness of integral canonical models of Shimura varieties over a discrete valuation ring O of mixed characteristic (0;p) and index of ramication e p 1. This leads to large classes of examples of N eron models over O. If p > 2 and e = p 1, the examples are new.
A Comparative Study on Linguistic Feature Selection in Sentiment Polarity Classification

Sentiment polarity classification is perhaps the most widely studied topic. It classifies an opinionated document as expressing a positive or negative opinion. In this paper, using movie review dataset, we perform a comparative study with different single kind linguistic features and the combinations of these features. We find that the classic topic-based classifier(Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machine) do not perform as well on sentiment polarity classification. And we find that with some combination of different linguistic features, the classification accuracy can be boosted a lot. We give some reasonable explanations about these boosting outcomes.
On the calibration of hydrological models in ungauged basins: A framework for integrating hard and soft hydrological information

This paper presents a calibration framework based on the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) that can be used to condition hydrological model parameter distributions in scarcely gauged river basins, where data is uncertain, intermittent or nonconcomitant. At the heart of this framework is the conditioning of the model parameters such as to reproduce key signatures of the observed data within some limits of acceptability. These signatures are either based on hard or on soft information. Hard information signatures are defined as signatures for which the limits of acceptability may be objectively derived from the distribution of long series of observed values, and which effectively constrain the model parameters. Soft signatures are less effective in parameter conditioning or their limits of acceptability cannot be objectively derived. During random parameter sampling, parameter sets are accepted as equally likely if they meet all the hard limits of acceptability. This results in an intermediate parameter distribution, which can be used to reduce the sampling limits. Then, the soft information may be introduced in a second constraining step to reach a final parameter distribution. The modeler can use the final results as a guideline for a further search for information, possibly from new observations yet to collect. In an application of the framework to the Luangwa catchment in Zambia, three information signatures are retrieved from a data set of old discharge time series and used to condition the parameters of a daily conceptual rainfall‐runoff model. We performed two independent calibration experiments with two significantly different satellite rainfall estimates as model input. The results show consistent parameter distributions and considerable reduction of the prior parameter space and corresponding output realizations. These results illustrate the potential of the proposed calibration framework for predictions in scarcely gauged catchments.
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) operations support system for maintaining process integration

A successfully adopted and implemented enterprise resource planning (ERP) system does not automatically guarantee full benefits. It is important that ERP is operated as planned and thus provides the real-time information with a desired level of process integration. Any ERP system pushes a company toward full process integration and solves the fragmentation of information. However, the tight process integration involves operational issues that must be carefully managed. Thus, a conjecture can be made that a centrally coordinated support system is required to assist ERP users and administrators find problems, perform tedious validation and verification, and maintain the process integration of ERP with great consistency. This paper proposes an ERP operations support system (EOSS) that aims to achieve and maintain the process integration of ERP. EOSS monitors the operational status of process integration, prevents anomalies as early as possible and conducts repairs as soon as possible.
Physiological and behavioral risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural India

Background The dynamics of physiological and behavioral risk factors of diabetes in rural India is poorly understood. Using data from a health and demographic surveillance site of Birbhum district in West Bengal, India, this study aims to assess the risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Research design and methods A total of 7674 individuals aged ≥18 years participated in a cross-sectional study. Venous plasma glucose method was used for measuring and reporting glucose concentrations in blood, categorized as individuals with diabetes, pre-diabetes or impaired, and normoglycemic. Aside from a set of physiological and behavioral risk factors, a range of socioeconomic confounders of diabetes was computed. Bivariate analysis with χ2 test, and multivariate ordered logit regression methods were deployed to attain the study's objective. Results Overall 2.95% and 3.34% of study participants were diagnosed as individuals with diabetes and pre-diabetes or impaired, respectively. Compared to the poorest, the richest have higher probability (β: 0.730; 95% CI 0.378 to 1.083) of being diagnosed with diabetes. As compared to people with normal body mass index, overweight/obese people are more prone to being diagnosed with diabetes (β: 0.388; 95% CI 0.147 to 0.628). With a decreasing level of physical activity, people are more likely to be diagnosed with diabetes. Conclusions To curb the level of diabetes, this study recommends a culturally sensitive, focused intervention for the adoption of physical activity with more traditional dietary practices, to control the level of overweight/obesity. Attention should be paid to relatively older patients with diabetes or adults with pre-diabetes.
SEMANTIC FIELDS AND EFL/ESL TEACHING

The vocabulary of a language is a system of interrelated lexical networks but not a collection of independent items. Vocabulary of a language is organised into fields within which words interrelate and define each other in various ways. Sense relations are not enough to explain the relation between some lexical items. For example, we cannot explain the relation between patient and hospital through synonymy, antonym, hyponymy, polysemy or homonymy, but we can say that they belong to the same semantic field which we can label as ‘health’. In this paper, semantic field also known as word field, lexical field, field of meaning, and semantic system is explained by giving supporting examples. Besides, some implications for Teaching English as a Foreign Language/Teaching English as a Second Language (TEFL/TESL) are suggested. Key words: Semantic fields, structural semantics, lexical network, lexical field, semantic system
Does Antenatal Care Translate into Skilled Birth Attendance? Analysis of 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey

Background. Despite the high antenatal care attendance rate in Ghana, skilled birth attendance is relatively low. There is limited evidence on whether antenatal care attendance translates into skilled birth attendance in the Ghanaian research discourse. This study investigates whether antenatal care attendance translates into skilled birth. Methods. We extracted data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. Data were analysed using descriptive and binary logistic regression analyses at 5% confidence interval. Results. The descriptive findings indicated a vast variation between antenatal care attendance and skilled birth attendance. Skilled birth attendance was consistently low across almost all sociodemographic characteristics as compared to antenatal care attendance. The binary logistic regression analysis however indicated higher inclination toward skilled birth attendance among women who had at least four antenatal care visits [OR=5.87, CI=4.86-7.08]. The category of women noted to have higher tendencies of skilled birth attendance was those with higher/tertiary education [OR=9.13, CI=2.19-37.93], the rich [OR=4.27, CI=3.02-6.06], urban residents [OR=2.35, CI=1.88-2.93], women with maximum of four children [OR=1.36, CI=1.08-1.72], and those using modern contraceptives [OR=1.24, CI=1.03-1.50]. Conclusion. We recommend that interventions to enhance skilled birth attendance must target women who do not achieve at least four antenatal visits, those with low wealth standing, those not using contraceptives, and women without formal education. Again, an in-depth qualitative study is envisaged to deepen the understanding of these dynamics in the rural setting.
Funny Cats and Politics: Do Humorous Context Posts Impede or Foster the Elaboration of News Posts on Social Media?

On Social Network Sites (SNS), citizens are frequently exposed to political news posts embedded in humorous context posts, such as funny videos or pictures. Using data from two experimental studies and a two-wave panel study, we test the effect of exposure to humorous context posts on message elaboration, and the consequences for political participation and knowledge. Results from the experimental studies indicated that incidental exposure to political posts in the context of humorous posts can increase message elaboration and in turn knowledge and participation. In line with these findings, results from the panel analysis revealed that exposure to humorous posts boosted message elaboration only among individuals who rarely used SNS for news. However, for citizens who use SNS for news more frequently, the effect of humor exposure on elaboration turned negative. While the panel data suggest that message elaboration positively affected political participation, there was no positive effect on knowledge.
Accuracy of Deception Judgments

We analyze the accuracy of deception judgments, synthesizing research results from 206 documents and 24,483 judges. In relevant studies, people attempt to discriminate lies from truths in real time with no special aids or training. In these circumstances, people achieve an average of 54% correct lie-truth judgments, correctly classifying 47% of lies as deceptive and 61% of truths as nondeceptive. Relative to cross-judge differences in accuracy, mean lie-truth discrimination abilities are nontrivial, with a mean accuracy d of roughly . 40. This produces an effect that is at roughly the 60th percentile in size, relative to others that have been meta-analyzed by social psychologists. Alternative indexes of lie-truth discrimination accuracy correlate highly with percentage correct, and rates of lie detection vary little from study to study. Our meta-analyses reveal that people are more accurate in judging audible than visible lies, that people appear deceptive when motivated to be believed, and that individuals regard their interaction partners as honest. We propose that people judge others' deceptions more harshly than their own and that this double standard in evaluating deceit can explain much of the accumulated literature.
Pregnancy, fertility, and recurrence risk in corrected tetralogy of Fallot

Objective: To determine in women with surgically corrected tetralogy of Fallot the risk of pregnancy for mother and fetus, whether fertility was compromised, and the recurrence risk of congenital heart disease. Design: Data were collected from 83 patients through interviews and review of medical records. Results: In 29 patients 63 pregnancies were observed, of which 13 ended in an abortion. Fifty successful pregnancies were observed in 26 patients. During six successful pregnancies (12%) complications (symptomatic right sided heart failure, arrhythmias, or both) occurred. Both patients who developed symptomatic heart failure had severe pulmonary regurgitation. No clear relation between offspring mortality, premature birth or being small for gestational age, and cardiac characteristics of the mother was identified. Fifty seven patients were childless (41 (72%) voluntarily). Recurrence risk for congenital heart disease was 2.2%. Infertility was uncommon. Conclusions: Although complications did occur in five of 26 (19%) of the patients with a corrected tetralogy of Fallot, pregnancy was generally well tolerated in this largest report so far. No obvious predictors for maternal events or child outcome were determined, except for a possible relation between severe pulmonary regurgitation and symptomatic heart failure.
Comparison of Bar Strengths and Fractions of Bars in Active and Nonactive Galaxies

Gravitational perturbation strengths and bar fractions in active and nonactive galaxies are compared using the Ohio State University Bright Galaxy Survey, which forms a statistically well defined sample of 180 disk galaxies. Bar fractions are studied using (1) the optical and near-IR classification of bars made by Eskridge and coworkers in 2002 and (2) our own bar classification based on Fourier decomposition of near-IR images (Fourier bars). The gravitational perturbation strengths are calculated using the bar torque method, taking the maximum ratio Qg of the tangential force to the mean background radial force as a measure of the nonaxisymmetric perturbation. In addition, two-dimensional bulge-disk-bar decomposition is used to study the properties of bulges of the sample galaxies. In the near-IR, Seyfert galaxies, LINERs, and H II/starburst galaxies were found to have a similar fraction, 72%, of Fourier bars (or SB-type bars), compared to 55% in the nonactive galaxies. However, if SAB-type bars are also included, practically all (95%) H II/starburst galaxies have bars. In addition, a large fraction (34%) of bars in LINERs are obscured by dust in the optical region. We find that bars in early-type galaxies are at the same time long and massive and have weak perturbation strengths. Weak perturbation strengths can be explained by dilution of the nonaxisymmetric forces by the massive bulges: for a bulge-to-disk mass ratio B/D ranging from 0 to 1, the dilution may reduce Qg from as high as 0.6 to as low as 0.1. On the other hand, bar length (relative to disk scale length) is not correlated with B/D, contrary to expectation. Seyfert- or LINER-type nuclear activity is present in most galaxies that have thin and thick planar bar components, whereas nuclear activity does not appear in those late-type galaxies that have extremely massive bars and strong perturbation strengths.