Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Population-Based Study of the Incidence and Case Fatality of Intracerebral Hemorrhage of Undetermined Etiology.

BACKGROUND There is a paucity of reliable recent data regarding epidemiology of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) of undetermined etiology in population-based studies. OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence and case fatality of ICH of undetermined etiology using a population-based design. METHODS Medical records and neuroimaging data of all patients with ICH from Stearns and Benton Counties, Minnesota, between June 1st, 2012 and June 30th, 2014 were reviewed. Patients with a first-time diagnosis of ICH were categorized as of undetermined etiology if ICH was without features typical of hypertensive etiology with normal or no magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/angiograms. We calculated the incidences of [1] probable and possible hypertensive ICH; [2] related to arteriovenous malformation, cavernous malformation, or aneurysmal rupture (angiographic or MRI diagnoses); [3] secondary to anticoagulation; and [4] of undetermined etiology adjusted for age and sex based on the 2010 US census. RESULTS Of the 50 identified ICHs among 136,654 resident populations, seven were true incident cases of ICH of undetermined etiology in this population-based study. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence of ICH of undetermined etiology was 2.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7-4.9] per 100, 000 person-years, which was lower than probable and possible hypertensive ICH incidence of 12.8 [95% CI 8.4-17.2] per 100,000 person-years. The age-adjusted case fatality rate at 1 month was 8.14 and 0.4 per 100,000 persons for probable and possible hypertensive ICHs and ICHs of undetermined etiology, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results should prompt further studies into identification of causes in ICH patients presently classified as ICH of undetermined etiology to reduce the incidence and case fatality of such ICHs.
Predicting progression in glaucoma suspects with longitudinal estimates of retinal ganglion cell counts.

PURPOSE We evaluated the ability of baseline and longitudinal estimates of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) counts in predicting progression in eyes suspected of having glaucoma. METHODS The study included 288 glaucoma suspect eyes of 288 patients followed for an average of 3.8 ± 1.0 years. Participants had normal standard automated perimetry (SAP) at baseline. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness assessment was performed with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Progression was defined as development of repeatable abnormal SAP or glaucomatous progressive optic disc changes. Estimates of RGC counts were obtained by combining data from SAP and OCT according to a previously described method. Joint longitudinal survival models were used to evaluate the ability of baseline and rates of change in estimated RGC counts for predicting progression over time, adjusting for confounding variables. RESULTS A total of 48 eyes (17%) showed progression during follow-up. The mean rate of change in estimated RGC counts was -18,987 cells/y in progressors versus -8,808 cells/y for nonprogressors (P < 0.001). Baseline RGC counts and slopes of RGC loss were significantly predictive of progression, with HRs of 1.56 per 100,000 cells lower (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-2.08; P = 0.002) and 2.68 per 10,000 cells/y faster loss (95% CI, 1.22-5.90; P = 0.014), respectively. The longitudinal model including estimates of RGC counts performed significantly better than models including only structural or functional indexes separately. CONCLUSIONS Baseline and longitudinal estimates of RGC counts may be helpful in predicting progression and performed significantly better than conventional approaches for risk stratification of glaucoma suspects.
Percutaneous Posterior Instrumentation Followed by Direct Lateral Interbody Fusion for Lumbar Infectious Spondylitis

Study Design: Retrospective study. Objectives: To investigate the clinical feasibility and outcomes from direct lateral interbody fusion (DLIF) using autogenous bone grafts and percutaneous posterior instrumentation (PPI) for infectious spondylitis. Summary of Background Data: As one of the minimally invasive techniques, PPI has been attempted for various degenerative lumbar spine disorders combined with anterior lumbar interbody fusion or transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. PPI has been played more roles recently as an internal fixation method for infectious spondylitis. However, the clinical outcomes of DLIF using an autogenous bone graft combined with PPI for infectious spondylitis have been rarely reported. Materials and Methods: Sixteen patients (mean age, 60.3±18.8 y) who suffered from pyogenic spondylitis underwent single-stage DLIF using an autogenous iliac bone graft combined with PPI. Clinical and radiologic outcomes were evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and eradication of primary disease. Radiologic outcomes were evaluated by changes of affected segmental lordosis and fusion status. Results: Bony fusion and eradication of primary disease were obtained in all patient except 1 case during the follow-up (mean, 31.3±13.1 mo; range 14–46 mo). Preoperative VAS (7±1.2) and ODI (61.3±5.4) scores improved significantly at the last follow-up (VAS, 3.4±1.5; ODI, 32.3±15.4). C-reactive protein normalized at postoperative 20.1±0.7 days (range, 15–28 d). Although height and lordosis in the affected segment were restored by surgery, all patients showed loss of the restored lordosis and height at the final follow-up. Loss of the restored lordosis and height were related to subsidence of the grafted bone. Conclusions: Minimally invasive PPI followed by debridement and DLIF was a feasible surgical alternative in our consecutive 16 cases of pyogenic spondylitis. In most cases, however the subsidence of anteriorly grafted fusion was inevitable despite successful fusion and eradication of the primary lesion.
Syzygies of Prym and paracanonical curves of genus 8

By analogy with Green's Conjecture on syzygies of canonical curves, the Prym-Green conjecture predicts that the resolution of a general level p paracanonical curve of genus g is natural. The Prym-Green Conjecture is known to hold in odd genus for almost all levels. Probabilistic arguments strongly suggested that the conjecture might fail for level 2 and genus 8 or 16. In this paper, we present three geometric proofs of the surprising failure of the Prym-Green Conjecture in genus 8, hoping that the methods introduced here will shed light on all the exceptions to the Prym-Green Conjecture for genera with high divisibility by 2.
Simplifying Neural Networks by Soft Weight-Sharing

One way of simplifying neural networks so they generalize better is to add an extra term to the error function that will penalize complexity. Simple versions of this approach include penalizing the sum of the squares of the weights or penalizing the number of nonzero weights. We propose a more complicated penalty term in which the distribution of weight values is modeled as a mixture of multiple gaussians. A set of weights is simple if the weights have high probability density under the mixture model. This can be achieved by clustering the weights into subsets with the weights in each cluster having very similar values. Since we do not know the appropriate means or variances of the clusters in advance, we allow the parameters of the mixture model to adapt at the same time as the network learns. Simulations on two different problems demonstrate that this complexity term is more effective than previous complexity terms.
Angiogenic growth factors in tissue homogenates of HNSCC: expression pattern, prognostic relevance, and interrelationships

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has still a poor prognosis. Since angiogenesis is crucial for tumor growth, a better understanding of the potential clinical relevance as well as the interactions between the numerous proangiogenic growth factors is essential to develop improved therapeutic strategies in these tumors. Expression levels of eight growth factors known to induce angiogenesis (HGF, bFGF, VEGF‐A, VEGF‐D, PDGF‐AB, PDGF‐BB, G‐CSF, and GM‐CSF) were quantitatively measured by ELISA in homogenates of 41 head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. In addition, microvessel density and protein localization of growth factors were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was performed to assess interrelationships between growth factors analyzed and to correlate protein levels with patient outcome. In 90% of the tissues at least 4/8 growth factors analyzed were detectable. Highest amounts and most frequent expression were found for HGF, bFGF and VEGF‐A while PDGF‐AB and PDGF‐BB were present in two‐thirds and G‐CSF and GM‐CSF in approximately half of the cases. Although there was no significant relation to microvessel density, we identified significant associations for bFGF with HGF and G‐CSF as well as of PDGF‐AB with those of VEGF‐A and PDGF‐BB. For the first time we demonstrate that expression levels of HGF as well as that of bFGF and G‐CSF in head and neck squamous tumors are negative prognostic factors for patient survival. Our data indicate a network of interrelated and prognostically relevant growth factors in these tumors that have to be taken into consideration when planning an antiangiogenic and antitumor therapy. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 1210–1218)
Effects of a Six-Month Local Vibration Training on Bone Density, Muscle Strength, Muscle Mass, and Physical Performance in Postmenopausal Women

Abstract Tankisheva, E, Bogaerts, A, Boonen, S, Delecluse, C, Jansen, P, and Verschueren, SMP. Effects of a six-month local vibration training on bone density, muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical performance in postmenopausal women. J Strength Cond Res 29(9): 2613–2622, 2015—The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of 6 months' local vibration training on bone mineral density (BMD), muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical performance in postmenopausal women (66–88 years). The study was organized as a randomized controlled trial for postmenopausal women who lived in daily care service flats and rest homes. Thirty-five postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to either a vibration (n = 17) or a control group (n = 18). The vibration group received 6-month local vibration treatment with frequency between 30 and 45 Hz and acceleration between 1.71 and 3.58g. The vibration was applied on the midthigh and around the hip in supine-lying position once per day, 5 d·wk−1. The participants of the control group continued their usual activities and were not involved in any additional training program. The primary outcome variables were the isometric and dynamic quadriceps muscle strength and the BMD of the hip. We assessed the muscle mass of the quadriceps and physical performance. Additionally, the feasibility, side effects, and compliance were evaluated after 6 months of local vibration training. Overall, the results showed a net benefit of 13.84% in isometric muscle strength at 60° knee angle in favor of the vibration group compared with controls (p < 0.01). No changes in BMD, muscle mass, or physical performance were found in both groups (p > 0.05). Six months of local vibration training improved some aspects of muscle strength but had no effect on BMD, muscle mass, and physical performance in postmenopausal women. The specific vibration protocol used in this study can be considered as safe and suitable for a local vibration training program.
Predictive Validity of the MMPI–2 Among Female Offenders in a Residential Treatment Program

This study investigated the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 (MMPI–2) validity, clinical, restructured clinical, supplementary, and content scales in a female correctional population. The study used archival data for a final sample of 116 women who had been evaluated for acceptance into a residential rehabilitative treatment program for nonviolent female offenders in North Carolina. MMPI–2 scale elevations are reported and assessed for predictive validity in relation to treatment success, as measured by treatment attendance and graduation status. In relation to predictive validity, logistic regression analyses revealed that elevations on Scales FRS (Fears) and R (Repression) differentiated women who attended the program from women who did not. Elevations on Scales 4, DEP (Depression), Re (Responsibility), and AAS (Addiction Admission Scale) differentiated women who graduated the program from women who did not. Implications for the rehabilitation of female offenders, as well as limitations of this exploratory study, are discussed.
Intraoperative measurement of femoral antetorsion using the anterior cortical angle method: a novel use for smartphones

Malrotation after femoral nailing is a common problem, yet estimation of the correct rotation during nailing remains a technical challenge. In the current study, a novel technique was developed for determining femoral antetorsion, the anterior cortical angle (ACA) method. The ACA is the angle between a line along the anterior aspect of the femoral neck and the posterior condylar line of the distal femur. The principal advantage of this method is that it facilitates intra‐operative assessment of femoral antetorsion by utilizing the positional technology integrated in smartphones. This measurement is directly comparable to measurements made using computed tomography (CT) scans. The objective of the current study was to investigate the possibility and to validate the feasibility and accuracy of the new method and compare the results obtained with the traditional methods of antetorsion estimation via CT and surgical navigation technology.
Chinese Language Parsing with Maximum-Entropy-Inspired Parser

The Chinese language has many special characteristics that make parsing difficult. The performance of state-of-the-art parser is much worse than that for the English language, with an f-score about 10% below that of English. We present the result of a maximum-entropy-inspired parser [3] on Penn Chinese TreeBank 1.0 and 4.0, achieving precision/recall of 78.6/75.6 on CTB1.0 and 79.1/75.0 on CTB 4.0. We also apply the MaxEnt reranker [4] on the 50 best parses and get about 6% error reduction. The parser is also applied directly to unsegmented sentences and also achieves state-of-the-art performance.
Ultrastructure of adenoid cystic carcinoma

Ultrastructural examinations of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) have revealed that the tumor cells are classified into 2 types, i.e., type A cells (myoepithelial cells) and type B cells (secretory type cells). In ultrastructure, the neoplastic myoepithelial cells are very similar to normal ones of intercalated duct type, and more resistant against irradiation than the secretory type cells. Type B cells, polyhedral in shape, are undifferentiated, and high in nucleocytoplasmic ratio. Some of them show differentiations into glandular, lining epithelia, and secretory activities. Transitions between both cell types are noted. It is suggested that ACC originates from the intercalated duct, and the recurrence results from proliferation of the remaining myoepithelial cells against irradiation. Furthermore, the ultrastructural evidences showing the continuity between the interstitium and the cystic space are documented. This phenomenon may be responsible for formation of the characteristic interstitium of ACC.
Grain refinement and strengthening of austenitic stainless steels during large strain cold rolling

ABSTRACT The microstructure/texture evolution and strengthening of 316 L-type and 304 L-type austenitic stainless steels during cold rolling were studied. The cold rolling was accompanied by the deformation twinning and micro-shear banding followed by the strain-induced martensitic transformation, leading to nanocrystalline microstructures consisting of flattened austenite and martensite grains. The fraction of ultrafine grains can be expressed by a modified Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov equation, while inverse exponential function holds as a first approximation between the mean grain size (austenite or martensite) and the total strain. The deformation austenite was characterised by the texture components of Brass, {011}<211>, Goss, {011}<100>, and S, {123}<634>, whereas the deformation martensite exhibited a strong {223}<110> texture component along with remarkable γ-fibre, <111>∥ND, with a maximum at {111}<211>. The grain refinement during cold rolling led to substantial strengthening, which could be expressed by a summation of the austenite and martensite strengthening contributions.
GPU accelerated sparse matrix‐vector multiplication and sparse matrix‐transpose vector multiplication

Many high performance computing applications require computing both sparse matrix‐vector product (SMVP) and sparse matrix‐transpose vector product (SMTVP) for better overall performance. Under such a circumstance, it is critical to maintain a similarly high throughput for these two computing patterns with the underlying sparse matrix encoded in a single storage format. The compressed sparse block (CSB) format proposed by Buluç et al. allows computing both problems on multi‐core CPUs with nearly identical throughputs. On the other hand, a direct porting of CSB to graphics processing units (GPUs), which have been recently recognized as a powerful general purpose computing platform, turns out to be inefficient. In this work, we propose a new data structure, designated as expanded CSB (eCSB), to minimize the throughput gap between SMVP and SMTVP computations on GPUs, while at the same time enable a high computing throughput. We also use a hybrid storage format to store elements in each block, which can be selected dynamically at runtime. Experimental results show that the proposed techniques implemented on a Kepler GPU delivers similar throughput on both SMVP and SMTVP and the throughput is up to 13 times faster than that of the CPU‐based CSB implementation. In addition, our eCSB procedure outperforms the previous GPU results by up to 188% and 914% in computing SMVP and SMTVP, and we validate the effectiveness of eCSB by means of wall‐clock time of bi‐conjugate gradient algorithm; our eCSB is 25% faster than Compressed Sparse Rows (CSR) and 6% faster than HYB, respectively. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of passive storage of thermal energy at different temperatures

ii Acknowledgement . iv Introduction . 1 Background. 1 Aim and Research Objectives . 3 Thesis Overview . 4 Literature Review . 6 Thermal Energy Storage (TES) System in Room Temperature Applications . 6 Introduction . 6 Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage (LHTES) . 6 Phase Change Material (PCM) . 6 Types of Phase Change . 7 Selection Criteria of PCM . 8 Types of PCM . 9 Methods of PCM introduction in Building . 15 Classification of PCM Application . 20 Heat Transfer Enhancement of PCM. 46 Numerical Methods for Modelling PCM . 48 Numerical Study on PCM Applications . 51 Sensible Heat Thermal Energy Storage . 64 Hollow Core Slab TES System. 64 TES System in High Temperature Applications . 72 Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage . 72 Sensible Heat Thermal Energy Storage . 75 Liquid Thermal Energy Storage . 75 Solid Thermal Energy Storage . 77
Intergenerational Hazardous Alcohol Use and Area Factors: The HUNT Study, Norway

Background: Alcohol use among adolescents has been found to be associated with parental alcohol abuse, but it's relation to more prevalent forms of hazardous drinking patterns among parents has been less explored. Few studies have included area factors when investigating alcohol use across generations. Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate whether adolescent intoxication was associated with parental heavy episodic drinking (HED) and intoxication, area-level socioeconomic status (SES), and rates of area-level HED. Methods: General Estimation Equations (GEE) was applied to analyze data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (2006–08) including 2,306 adolescents. Adolescent alcohol use was defined by self-reported frequency of intoxication. Parental alcohol use was defined by parental self-reports of drinking five glasses of alcohol at one occasion (HED), whether they had been strongly intoxicated, and adolescent reports of seeing parents intoxicated. Area-level SES and HED were based on data from HUNT3 and Statistics Norway. Results: Parental and offspring alcohol use were associated, although this varied to some extent with gender and exposures. The strongest associations were found between offspring intoxication and offspring reports of seeing their parent intoxicated (girls: OR 3.3, 95% CI 2.3–4.7; boys: OR 3.4, 95% CI 2.4–4.7). Intoxication was more common among girls, who lived in areas with a higher level of adult HED. Living in areas with higher SES was associated with less intoxication among adolescents. Conclusion: Intoxication in adolescence was associated with factors at both family and area level, which emphasize the need of both population and high risk preventive approaches.
A usability evaluation of multimodal metaphors for customer knowledge management

Many factors explain why customers are reluctant to exchange knowledge, but this paper places emphasis on the influence of designing interactive interfaces. The paper describes an empirical investigation carried out to evaluate the usability of incorporating multimodal interaction metaphors into Electronic Customer Knowledge Management Systems (E-CKMS) interfaces. To address this aim, a comparative evaluation was conducted on three E-CKMS interaction modes designed for this study. The control condition was text with graphics E-CKMS (VCKMS), and the experimental conditions were both multimodal. The multimodal platforms used a combination of speech, earcons, and auditory icons (MCKMS), and another combination of speech, earcons, and avatars with facial expressions (ACKMS). Three independent groups of users (n=20 for each group) evaluated the three platforms by performing eight common tasks of three different types and increasing complexity. Results suggested that the experimental conditions were more usable than the control in terms of efficiency and user satisfaction.
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Percutaneous Biopsy of Lung

Introduction: Percutanous needle biopsy of the lung (PNBL), under image guidance, has established itself as a safe and effective minimally-invasive method of obtaining a tissue diagnosis of pulmonary lesions, for selected patients with suspected pathologic processes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield and safety of percutaneous core biopsy of the lung (PCBL) without Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB), with specific attention to potential risk factors that may predict post-biopsy pneumothorax. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 75 consecutive PCBL procedures between January 2006 to March 2008 involving 72 patients with a documented pulmonary nodule or mass lesion on CT scan of Thorax. The study population included 38 males (52.8%) and 34 females (47.2%) aged 20-85 years (mean age 63.6 years). A co-axial cutting system with a 19-gauge outer needle and a 20-gauge inner automated cutting needle (Temno, Allegiance Healthcare Corporation, Ohio, USA) was used in all patients. Results: Lesions varied in size from 0.7cm to 10.7cm (mean maximum trans-axial diameter 3.1cm). The mean number of core biopsy samples obtained was 3.1 (range 1-5). Of the 75 PCBL procedures, 71 yielded specimens adequate for histopathologic evaluation, consistent with a technical success rate of 95%. Malignancy was detected in 48 specimens (64%) and benign diagnoses were identified in 23 specimens (31%). As mentioned, 4 specimens (5%) were nondiagnostic. The most common biopsy-induced complication was pneumothorax, occurring in 15 patients (20%), with 4 (5.3%) requiring thoracostomy tube placement. Conclusion: PCBL without FNAB, under CT fluoroscopy guidance, has an excellent diagnostic accuracy in obtaining a conclusive histologic diagnosis of thoracic lesions and is comparable to FNAB in terms of safety and rates of occurence of complications.