Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does bug prediction support human developers? Findings from a Google case study

While many bug prediction algorithms have been developed by academia, they're often only tested and verified in the lab using automated means. We do not have a strong idea about whether such algorithms are useful to guide human developers. We deployed a bug prediction algorithm across Google, and found no identifiable change in developer behavior. Using our experience, we provide several characteristics that bug prediction algorithms need to meet in order to be accepted by human developers and truly change how developers evaluate their code.
ABO Blood Group and the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

Background Studies have observed an association between the ABO blood group and risk of certain malignancies. However, no studies of the association with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk are available. We conducted this hospital-based case-control study to examine the association with HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods From January 2004 to December 2008, a total of 6275 consecutive eligible patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were recruited. 1105 of them were patients with HBV-related HCC and 5,170 patients were CHB without HCC. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between the ABO blood group and HCC risk. Results Compared with subjects with blood type O, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for the association of those with blood type A and HCC risk was 1.39 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05–1.83] after adjusting for age, sex, type 2 diabetes, cirrhosis, hepatitis B e antigen, and HBV DNA. The associations were only statistically significant [AOR (95%CI) = 1.56(1.14–2.13)] for men, for being hepatitis B e antigen positive [AOR (95%CI) = 4.92(2.83–8.57)], for those with cirrhosis [AOR (95%CI), 1.57(1.12–2.20)], and for those with HBV DNA≤105copies/mL [AOR (95%CI), 1.58(1.04–2.42)]. Stratified analysis by sex indicated that compared with those with blood type O, those with blood type B also had a significantly high risk of HCC among men, whereas, those with blood type AB or B had a low risk of HCC among women. Conclusions The ABO blood type was associated with the risk of HCC in Chinese patients with CHB. The association was gender-related.
Postmortem Internal Gas Reservoir Monitoring Using GC×GC-HRTOF-MS

Forensic investigations often require postmortem examination of a body. However, the collection of evidence during autopsy is often destructive, meaning that the body can no longer be examined in its original state. In order to obtain an internal image of the body, whole body postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) has proven to be a valuable non-destructive tool and is currently used in medicolegal centers. PMCT can also be used to visually locate gas reservoirs inside a cadaver, which upon analysis can provide useful information regarding very volatile compounds that are produced after death. However, the non-targeted profiling of all potential volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in these reservoirs has never been attempted. The aim of this study was to investigate the VOC profile of these reservoirs and to evaluate potential uses of such information to document circumstances surrounding death, cause of death and body taphonomy. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC×GC-HRTOF-MS) was used for VOC measurements. This study demonstrated that the chemical composition of VOCs within the gas reservoirs differed between locations within a single body but also between individuals. In the future, this work could be expanded to investigate a novel, non-destructive cadaver screening approach prior to full autopsy procedures.
Occupancy Grids: A Stochastic Spatial Representation for Active Robot Perception

In this paper we provide an overview of a new framework for robot perception, real-world modelling, and navigation that uses a stochastic tesselated representation of spatial information called the Occupancy Grid. The Occupancy Grid is a multi-dimensional random field model that maintains probabilistic estimates of the occupancy state of each cell in a spatial lattice. Bayesian estimation mechanisms employing stochastic sensor models allow incremental updating of the Occupancy Grid using multi-view, multi-sensor data, composition of multiple maps, decision-making, and incorporation of robot and sensor position uncertainty. We present the underlying stochastic formulation of the Occupancy Grid framework, and discuss its application to a variety of robotic tusks. These include range-based mapping, multi-sensor integration, path-planning and obstacle avoidance, handling of robot position uncertainty, incorporation of pre-compiled maps, recovery of geometric representations, and other related problems. The experimental results show that the Occupancy Grid approach generates dense world models, is robust under sensor uncertainty and errors, and allows explicit handling of uncertainty. It supports the development of robust and agile sensor interpretation methods, incremental discovery procedures, and composition of information from multiple sources. Furthermore, the results illustrate that robotic tasks can be addressed through operations performed di- rectly on the Occupancy Grid, and that these operations have strong parallels to operations performed in the image processing domain.
The Epeak-Eiso plane of long Gamma Ray Bursts and selection effects

We study the distribution of long gamma-ray bursts in the Epeak‐Eiso and in the E obs ‐fluence planes through an updated sample of 76 bursts, with measured redshift and spectral parameters, detected up to 2007 September. We confirm the existence of a strong rest-frame correlation Epeak ∝ E 0.54±0.01 iso . Contrary to previous studies, no sign of evolution with redshift of the Epeak‐Eiso correlation (either its slope and its normalization) is found. The 76 bursts define a strong E obs ‐fluence correlation in the observer frame (E obs ∝ F 0.32±0.05 bol ) with redshifts evenly distributed along this correlation. We study possible instrumental selection effects in the observer frame E obs ‐fluence plane. In particular, we concentrate on the minimum peak flux necessary to trigger a given gamma-ray burst (GRB) detector (trigger threshold) and the minimum fluence a burst must have to determine the value of E obs (spectral analysis threshold). We find that the latter dominates in the E obs‐fluence plane over the former. Our analysis shows, however, that these instrumental selection effects do not dominate for bursts detected before the launch of the Swift satellite, while the spectral analysis threshold is the dominant truncation effect of the Swift GRB sample (27 out of 76 events). This suggests that the E obs ‐fluence correlation defined by the pre-Swift sample could be affected by other, still not understood, selection effects. Besides, we caution about the conclusions on the existence of the E obs ‐fluence correlation based on our Swift sample alone.
Exemplar-Based Sense Modulation

A great deal of psycholinguistic findings reveal that context highlights or obscures certain aspects in the meaning of a word (viz., word sense modulation). Computational models of lexicon, however, are mostly concerned with the ways context selects a meaning for a word (word sense selection). In this paper, we propose a model that combines sense selection with sense modulation. Word senses in this proposal consist of a sense-concept and a sense-view. Furthermore, we outline an exemplar-based approach in which se~se-views are developed gradually and incrementally. A prototype implementation of this model for sentential context is also briefly discussed.
Critical Thinking: Its Representation in Indonesian ELT Textbooks and Education

My original contribution to knowledge consists in generating a new critical thinking framework that can be used to investigate the elements of critical thinking in textbooks. The framework, however, can also be used as a guideline for teachers who are concerned with the development of learners’ critical thinking skills. Critical thinking has been included in an Indonesian government document as an educational objective; however, it is currently neglected and not seriously disseminated in schools. This study attempts to investigate to what extent critical thinking has been manifested in textbooks in Indonesia and to what extent Indonesian senior secondary school students are ready for the teaching of critical thinking skills. To this end, the study investigates the elements of critical thinking contained in Indonesian ELT textbooks and students’ responses to modified materials containing elements of critical thinking. Three methods are adopted: content analysis, qualitative analysis of students’ written responses, and interviews. Predetermined analytic categories are used to analyse nine Indonesian ELT textbooks used by senior secondary schools. The categories have been created as a result of evaluating, examining, and synthesising Bloom’s and Freeman’s critical thinking taxonomies, critical thinking strategies from empirical studies, critical thinking programmes created by critical thinking authorities and critical thinking tests. The findings of the content analysis show that the textbooks examined do contain a few elements of critical thinking. Critical thinking questions occupy 15.81% of all of the questions analysed. As the literature has stated that facilitating students’ critical thinking needs to be progressive, the findings suggest that most activities in the textbooks can be used at a basic level in scaffolding to promote students’ critical thinking skills and that more critical thinking activities must be developed by teachers. Promoting Indonesian students’ critical thinking skills is possible as the findings of materials implementation and interviews indicate that the students have the potential to be critical. The findings also show that students are ready to accept the teaching of critical thinking skills.
Digital Image Correlation combined with Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometery for 3 D Deformation Measurement in Small Samples

The small size of mesoand microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices presents several challenges for full-field deformation measurements. A hybrid system combining Digital Image Correlation (DIC) for in-plane deformation and Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) for out-of-plane deformation measurements has been developed for working with these small size scales. Measurement of the full-field 3D deformation is useful for material characterization including tensile and performance testing of the samples. The combination of the two techniques yields a 3D deformation field of the component under test. For this paper, simple tensile test specimens of 0.76 mm × 10 mm were deformed to create simultaneous in-plane and out-of-plane deformations. The experimental system will be described in detail with a discussion of the results. A comparison between ESPI and DIC results will be briefly discussed, and compared to a conventional point-to-point shadowgraph measurement.
Dopamine Mediates Circadian Rhythms of Rod–Cone Dominance in the Japanese Quail Retina

A circadian clock modulates the functional organization of the Japanese quail retina. Under conditions of constant darkness, rods dominate electroretinogram (ERG) b-wave responses at night, and cones dominate them during the day, yielding a circadian rhythm in retinal sensitivity and rod–cone dominance. The activity of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis, also exhibits a circadian rhythm in the retina with approximately threefold higher levels during the day than at night. The rhythm of tyrosine hydroxylase activity is opposite in phase to the circadian activity of tryptophan hydroxylase, the first enzyme in the melatonin biosynthetic pathway. We tested whether dopamine may be related to the physiological rhythms of the retina by examining the actions of pharmacological agents that effect dopamine receptors. We found that blocking dopamine D2 receptors in the retina during the day mimics the nighttime state by increasing the amplitude of the b-wave and shifting the retina to rod dominance. Conversely, activating D2 receptors at night mimics the daytime state by decreasing the amplitude of the b-wave and shifting the retina to cone dominance. A selective antagonist for D1 dopamine receptors has no effect on retinal sensitivity or rod–cone dominance. Reducing retinal dopamine partially abolishes rhythms in sensitivity and yields a rod-dominated retina regardless of the time of day. These results suggest that dopamine, under the control of a circadian oscillator, has a key role in modulating sensitivity and rod–cone dominance in the Japanese quail retina.
Fabio Verona Lumpy investment in sticky information general equilibrium

In this paper, I introduce lumpy micro-level capital adjustment into a sticky information general equilibrium model. Lumpy adjustment arises because of inattentiveness in capital investment decisions instead of the more common assumption of non-convex adjustment costs. The model features inattentiveness as the only source of stickiness. I find that the model with lumpy investment yields business cycle dynamics which differ substantially from those of an otherwise identical model with frictionless investment and are much more consistent with the empirical evidence. These results therefore strengthen the case in favour of the relevance of microeconomic investment lumpiness for the business cycle.
Delay-dependent stability analysis of linear systems with time-varying delay

Stability analysis of linear systems with time- varying delay is investigated. In order to highlight the relations between the variation of the delay and the states, redundant equations are introduced to construct a new modeling of the delay system. New types of Lyapunov Krasovskii functionals are then proposed allowing to reduce the conservatism of the stability criterion. Delay dependent stability conditions are then formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMI). Finally, an example shows the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Traffic characterization for traffic engineering purposes: analysis of Funet data

For Internet traffic engineering purposes, it is important to characterize traffic volumes typically over 5-minute intervals. Based on measurements made in a local network at Lucent in winter 1999, Cao et al., (2000) proposed a moving IID Gaussian model for the characterization of 5-minute traffic volumes, with a power-law relationship between the mean and the variance. In this paper we analyze novel measurements gathered from a 2.5 Gbps link in the Finnish university network (Funet) in summer 2004. We investigate the validity of the moving IID Gaussian model and the proposed mean-variance relationship when the measurement interval is varying from 1 second to 5 minutes. As a result, we find that the Gaussian assumption is much more justified with current core link rates. The mean-variance relationship seems, indeed, to follow a power-law with exponent approximately equal to 1.3 in our data set. However, the IID assumption concerning the standardized residual is not verified, but we find a clear positive correlation between adjacent 5-minute volumes, and only slightly weaker negative correlation for traffic volumes with distance 20-30 minutes. In addition, we demonstrate that the same phenomenon is already prevailing in the Lucent data set.
In situ measurements of aerosol mass concentration and radiative properties in Xianghe, southeast of Beijing

measurements showed an average concentration of 120 mg/m 3 in the coarse mode and an average concentration of 25 mg/m 3 in the fine mode. To determine how representative ground-based measurements are of the total column, the mass concentration data was compared with AERONET AOT at 500 nm and AERONET size distribution data. The vertical distribution of the aerosols were studied with a micropulse lidar and in the cases where the vertical column was found to be fairly homogenous, the comparisons of the filter results with AERONET agreed favorably, while in the cases of inhomogeneity, the comparisons have larger disagreement. For fine mode aerosols, the average spectral absorption efficiency equates well to a l 1 model, while the coarse mode shows a much flatter spectral dependence, consistent with large particle models. The coarse mode absorption efficiency was compatible with that of the fine mode in the NIR region, indicating the much stronger absorption of the coarse mode due to its composition and sizable mass. Single scattering albedo results are presented from a combination between absorption coefficients derived from the filter measurements, from a PSAP and from a three-wavelength Nephelometer.
A CLUSTERING TECHNIQUE FOR EMAIL CONTENT MINING

In today’s world of internet, with whole lot of e-documents such, as html pages, digital libraries etc. occupying considerable amount of cyber space, organizing these documents has become a practical need. Clustering is an important technique that organizes large number of objects into smaller coherent groups. This helps in efficient and effective use of these documents for information retrieval and other NLP tasks. Email is one of the most frequently used e-document by individual or organization. Email categorization is one of the major tasks of email mining. Categorizing emails into different groups help easy retrieval and maintenance. Like other e-documents, emails can also be classified using clustering algorithms. In this paper a similarity measure called Similarity Measure for Text Processing is suggested for email clustering. The suggested similarity measure takes into account three situations: feature appears in both emails, feature appears in only one email and feature appears in none of the emails. The potency of suggested similarity measure is analyzed on Enron email data set to categorize emails. The outcome indicates that the efficiency acquired by the suggested similarity measure is better than that acquired by other measures.
Screening Chronic Pain Consumers for Potential Prescription Opiod Misuse by Medical Professionals

Introduction Opioids have been viewed for centuries as the most effective treatment for chronic pain, yet in the past decade the misuse of prescription opioids has become a The number of prescriptions filled for opioid pain relievers—some of the most powerful medications available—has increased dramatically in recent years. From 1997 to 2007, the milligram per person use of prescription opioids in the U.S. increased from 74 milligrams to 369 milligrams, an increase of 402 percent. In addition, in 2000, retail pharmacies dispensed 174 million prescriptions for opioids; by 2009, 257 million prescriptions were dispensed, an increase of 48 2011), 17.3% reported pain relievers as the initial drug of illicit drug use. In addition, the non-medical use of prescription pain relievers is the second most common form of illicit report, an estimated 5.2 million people had reported non-medical prescription opioid misuse (SAMHSA, 2009b). On the other hand, according to the Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS), a mere 7.1% of individuals that were admitted into a substance abuse treatment facility report other opioids as his or her primary substance of abuse 2 (SAMHSA, 2009b). Moreover, these statistics indicate that although a substantial number of individuals report non-medical prescription opioid misuse, only a small percentage are undergoing the necessary treatment. stating prescription opioid misuse overdose incidents have been increasingly surpassing those individuals overdosing from heroin by approximately 5.38 times. (See Figure 1) In addition, the lack of individuals receiving substance abuse treatment has facilitated a need to address prescription opioid misuse in individuals with non-malignant chronic pain through the implementation from a multidisplinary team approach with the purpose of providing the adequate education to consumers for this widespread epidemic (ONDCP, 2011).
ighly sensitive and selective hydrogen single-nanowire nanosensor

Metal oxides such as ZnO have been used as hydrogen sensors for a number of years. Through doping, the gas response of zinc oxide to hydrogen has been improved. Cadmium-doped ZnO nanowires (NWs) with high aspect ratio have been grown by electrodeposition. Single doped ZnO NWs have been isolated and contacted to form a nanodevice. Such nanosystem demonstrates an enhanced gas response and selectivity for the detection of hydrogen at room temperature compared to previously reported H2 nanosensors based on pure single-ZnO NWs or multiple NWs. A dependence of the gas response of a single Cd–ZnO nanowire on the NW diameter and Cd content was observed. It is shown that cadmium-doping in single-crystal zinc oxide NWs can be used to optimize their response to gases without the requirement of external heaters. The sensing mechanisms responsible for such improved response to hydrogen are
Free will perceptions and religion in patients with schizophrenia and their caregivers

This manuscript explores how free will perceptions relate to religious beliefs and values and psychological functioning in patients with schizophrenia and their family members. The paper begins with a discussion of what free will means and where laypeople stand on the question of itsexistence (from the literature, it appears that the overwhelming majority of the general public do subscribe to a free will perspective). Next we review psychological research on free will. Studies suggest that belief in free will has benefits to both the individual (e.g., greater self-esteem)and to society (e.g., lower rates of aggression and crime). Next we discuss components of free will and our premise that free will subsumes the following constructs: locus of control, self-efficacy, motivation, and meaning-making coping. We then turn to an overview of how free will and religion interact. We contend that a free will perspective is compatible with most Western religious views because most of these religions are founded on the premise that free will exists. The second section of the paper addresses how free will relates to functioning in patients with schizophrenia and their caregivers. Two case examples are presented.Drawing from the literature, our own empirical studies, and the numerous patients and caregivers we have treated as part of our Schizophrenia Family Project, we propose the following hypotheses: For both patients and their relatives, those who endorse greater free will beliefs (toward self) will experience greater psychological wellbeing and greater quality of life. For patients, we also propose that the severity of their psychiatric symptoms will be less severe.Finally, this paper will examine how free will perceptions may relate to religious beliefs and values to impact mental health in schizophrenia patients and their relatives.Implications from this review suggest that mental health practitioners in contact with individuals with schizophrenia and their caregivers may better serve them by fostering the notion that, despite the illness, they are still free to assume an active, autonomous role in the course of their lives. More empirical research in this area is clearly needed. Correspondence: Amy Weisman de Mamani, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Dept of Psychology. University of Miami. 5665 Ponce de LeonBlvd. Coral Gables, FL 33146. Phone: (305)284-3477. Fax: (305)284-3402 E-mail: aweisman@miami.edu Amy Weisman de Mamani, Michael Mejia, Kayla Gurak et al. 38