Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The “Possessed Noun Suffix” and Possession in Two Northern Dene (Athabaskan) Languages

This paper documents and analyzes the possessive construction in the Northern Dene (Athabaskan) languages Dënesųłıné and Tłı̨chǫ. The construction occurs not only when one noun is related to another (whether the relation is one of literal possession or not) but also with subsets of relative clauses and compounds, and when a numeral precedes a unit noun. We give a syntactic account of the possessive construction which addresses its diverse uses while maintaining a single core function and configuration. At the heart of our analysis is the proposal that the hallmark of the construction, the “possessed noun suffix,” is an overt manifestation of the functional head n.
The benefits and challenges of enterprise education: results from an action research project in the third grade in Finnish basic education

Abstract This article is the result of an action research project conducted in 2014 in a primary school in the city of Vaasa in Finland. The project focused on developing the practice of integrating enterprise education as a part of everyday teaching in Grade Three. The project involved three class teachers, the headmaster and a university researcher. This article focuses on the teachers’ perceptions of the benefits and the challenges of the project. The teachers viewed the project as beneficial to their own professional development as well as to the students’ learning. The process, however, also revealed several challenges associated with applying enterprise education in Grade Three, such as time or different personalities. Based on the experiences from this particular project, the article broadens the understanding of how enterprise education can be realised in Grade Three, as well as its benefits and challenges.
Risk factors for elbow pain in Little League baseball players: a cross-sectional study focusing on developmental factors.

AIM The incidence of Little League elbow is increasing. However, the risk factors for Little League elbow, especially those related to development have not previously been investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors for elbow pain in Little League baseball players while focusing on the developmental factors. METHODS A total of 654 baseball players aged 6-12 years, all male, participated in this study. Participants completed an original questionnaire that included items assessing demographic data, developmental factors (increase in height and increase in weight over the preceding 12 months), and baseball-related factors. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for elbow pain during the 12 months prior to the study. RESULTS The data collected for 392 players without omissions or blank answers were submitted to statistical analysis. We found that 19.1% of Little League baseball players had experienced elbow pain in the 12 months leading up to the study. The analysis revealed that height (Odds Ratio [OR], 1.10; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 1.03-1.17) and increase in height (OR, 1.16; 95%CI, 1.00-1.34) were risk factors that increased the risk of elbow pain after adjustment for demographic data, developmental data, and baseball-related factors. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that an increase over height in the last 12 months may predispose young baseball players to elbow pain.
On the Application of Viscoelastic & Viscoplastic Constitutive Relations in the CFD Bio-Fluid Simulations

Considerations on implementation of the stress-strain constitutive relations applied in Computational Fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of cardiovascular flows have been addressed extensively in the literature. However, the matter is yet controversial. The author suggests that the choice of non-Newtonian models and the consideration of non-Newtonian assumption versus the Newtonian assumption is very application oriented and cannot be solely dependent on the vessel size. In the presented work, where a renal disease patient-specific geometry is used, the non-Newtonian effects manifest insignificant, while the vessel is considered to be medium to small which, according to the literature, suggest a strict use of non-Newtonian formulation. The insignificance of the non-Newtonian effects specially manifests in Wall Shear Stress (WSS) along the walls of the numerical domain, where the differences between Newtonian calculated WSS and non-Newtonian calculated WSS is barely visible.
Identifying dominant factor of imbalance component and EM radiation from differential-paired lines with serpentine equi-length routing

For actual differential-signaling system, the ideal balance or symmetrical topology cannot be established, and hence, an imbalance component is excited. To provide the basic considerations for establishment of predicting the EM radiation from practical differential-paired lines, this paper attempts to identify the dominant factor of imbalance component and EM radiation from asymmetrical differential-paired line with equi-length routing.
Cyclopeptide RA‐V inhibits angiogenesis by down‐regulating ERK1/2 phosphorylation in HUVEC and HMEC‐1 endothelial cells

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Anti‐angiogenic agents have recently become one of the major adjuvants for cancer therapy. A cyclopeptide, RA‐V, has been shown to have anti‐tumour activities. Its in vitro anti‐angiogenic activities were evaluated in the present study, and the underlying mechanisms were also assessed.
MONETARY POLICY IN A DSGE MODEL WITH “ CHINESE CHARACTERISTICS ”

We examine optimal monetary policy under prevailing Chinese policy – including capital controls and nominal exchange rate targets – in a DSGE model calibrated to Chinese and global data. Under the closed capital account, domestic citizens are prohibited from holding foreign assets. Foreign currency revenues are sold to the central bank, which then sterilizes these purchases by issuing domestic debt. Uncovered interest parity conditions do not hold, so sterilization results in transfers between the private sector and the government. Given a negative shock to relative foreign interest rates, similar to that which occurred during the global financial crisis, sterilization costs increase and optimal policy calls for a reduction in sterilization activity, resulting in an easing of monetary policy and an increase in Chinese inflation. We then compare these dynamics to three alternative liberalizations: A partial opening of the capital account, removing the exchange rate peg, or doing both simultaneously. The regime with liberalized capital accounts and floating exchange rate yields the lowest losses to the central bank under the foreign interest rate shock. However, intermediate reforms do less well. In particular, letting the exchange rate float without opening the capital account results in higher losses following the interest rate shock than the benchmark case of no liberalization. Date: September 25, 2012.
Income Security in the On-Demand Economy: Findings and Policy Lessons from a Survey of Crowdworkers

This article assesses the validity of many of the assumptions made about work in the on-demand economy and analyses whether proposals advanced for improving workers' income security are sufficient for remedying current shortcomings. It draws on findings from a survey of crowdworkers conducted in late 2015 on the Amazon Mechanical Turk and Crowdflower platforms on workers' employment patterns, work histories, and financial security. Based on this information, it provides an analysis of crowdworkers' economic dependence on the platform, including the share of workers who depend on crowdwork as their main source of income, as well as their working conditions, the problems they encounter while crowdworking and their overall income security. Drawing on these findings, the article recommends an alternative way of organizing work that can improve the income security of crowdworkers as well as the overall efficiency and productivity of crowdwork.
Re-Examining the Bilingual Advantage on Interference-Control and Task-Switching Tasks: A Meta-Analysis

RE-EXAMINING THE BILINGUAL ADVANTAGE ON INTERFERENCE-CONTROL AND TASK-SWITCHING TASKS: A META-ANALYSIS by Seamus Donnelly Advisor: Professor Bruce Homer A much-debated topic in psycholinguistics is whether lifelong bilingualism enhances executive functions (EF), the set of higher-order cognitive processes involved in the control of thought and action. Several researchers have predicted bilingual advantages on various EF tasks, especially interference-control and task-switching tasks. Many studies have tested these predictions, but results have proven unreliable. As a complementary approach to recent quantitative syntheses on this topic, the present dissertation tests whether the bilingual advantage is moderated by a number of theoretically significant variables: dependent variable (DV), task, age, age of L2 acquisition and lab. Two meta-analyses were conducted. Study 1 considered interference-control tasks. It synthesized 168 effect sizes from 43 studies. There was a significant interaction between age and dependent variable: the bilingual advantage was larger for children than young adults on global reaction times (global RTs), and larger for older adults than younger adults on both dependent variables. There was also a significant interaction between age of acquisition and dependent variable: samples with bilinguals that learned their second language early exhibited larger effect sizes on global RTs than samples with bilinguals that learned their second language later. However, both of these interactions could be explained in terms of differential publication bias. There was also a strong lab effect. Study 2 considered task-switching tasks. It synthesized 30
The use of sibutramine in the management of obesity and related disorders: An update

Aims: To review the major trials that evaluated the efficacy and safety of the use of sibutramine for weight loss and the impact of this agent on obesity-related disorders. Methods and results: The most important articles on sibutramine up to January 2009 were located by a PubMed and Medline search. Sibutramine reduces food intake and body weight more than placebo and has positive effects on the lipid profile (mainly triglycerides and high density lipoprotein cholesterol), glycemic control and inflammatory markers in studies for up to one year. Preliminary studies showed that sibutramine may also improve other obesity-associated disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome, left ventricular hypertrophy, binge eating disorder and adolescent obesity. The high discontinuation rates and some safety issues mainly due to the increase in blood pressure and pulse rate have to be considered. Additionally, it has not yet been established that treatment with sibutramine will reduce cardiovascular events and total mortality. Conclusions: Sibutramine, in conjunction with lifestyle measures, is a useful drug for reducing body weight and improving associated cardiometabolic risk factors and obesity-related disorders. Studies of longer duration are required to determine the precise indications of the drug, to evaluate safety issues and to assess its efficacy on cardiovascular mortality.
Parental history and venous thromboembolism: a nationwide study of age‐specific and sex‐specific familial risks in Sweden

Summary. Background: The value of parental history as a risk indicator for venous thromboembolism (VTE) has not been determined in a nationwide setting. Objectives: To perform the first nationwide study of age‐specific and sex‐specific familial VTE risks in offspring of parents hospitalized for VTE. Patients/Methods: The Swedish Multigeneration Register of 0–75‐year‐old subjects was linked to the Hospital Discharge Register for 1987–2007. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for individuals whose parents were hospitalized for VTE as compared with those whose parents were unaffected. Results: Among 45 362 hospitalized offspring cases with VTE, 4865 offspring of affected parents were identified with a familial SIR of 2.00 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.94–2.05). Familial SIR was slightly higher for male offspring than for female offspring (2.08, 95% CI 2.00–2.16 vs. 1.91, 95% CI 1.84–1.99). The risk in offspring was further increased when both parents were affected (3.97, 95% CI 3.40–4.61), with high familial risks at ages 20–29 years (10.00, 95% CI 5.91–15.84). The familial risks for VTE among offspring were increased from the age of 10 years up to 75 years, with familial SIRs of 3.96 (95% CI 3.13–4.94) at age 10–19 years and 1.48 (95% CI 1.17–1.84) at ages 70–75 years. However, the absolute incidence rate increased with age. Conclusions: Parental history is potentially useful for risk assessments of VTE, although age needs to be considered. Our results support the use of an age‐dependent multicausal model to estimate the risk of VTE.
The effect of transformational leadership on the profitability of Finnish firms

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to find the effect of transformational leadership in profitability in different contexts. Design/methodology/approach – Data are gathered of 200 Finnish firms. Profitability is measured by profitability ratios one to two years after the survey to take account of lagged effects. The sample is split into sub-samples with respect to four context variables indicated by prior research to be important for transformational leadership: size, competition, perceived environmental uncertainty (PEU) and research and development (R & D) effort. The effect of leadership dimensions on lagged profitability was assessed by partial least squares analysis. Findings – Factor analysis gave a five-factor solution for transformational leadership variables indicating dimensions as: challenging, enabling, visioning, rewarding and contesting. Results did show that transformational leadership has a weak general effect on profitability. Results also offer some support for hypotheses for the strong effects of transformational leadership in different contexts. Enabling has an effect in low competition context; rewarding has an effect in low PEU, low competition and high R & D contexts; and contesting has an effect in large companies and in high PEU context. Research limitations/implications – The commonly used Bass’ measurement of transformational leadership was not used here; instead, Kouzes and Posners’ modified version was in use. Factor analysis of this version resulted to the three factors only in a few loadings, even if high. Practical implications – The importance of rewarding behavior of leaders is even stronger than previously thought. Thus, managers should concentrate more on the positive feedback of followers. Originality/value – This paper fulfills a gap of research on leadership and profitability and also stresses the importance of situational variables which may affect the usefulness of different leadership styles.
Beneficial effects of intramyocardial mesenchymal stem cells and VEGF165 plasmid injection in rats with furazolidone induced dilated cardiomyopathy

To explore the impact of myocardial injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and specific recombinant human VEGF165 (hVEGF165) plasmid on collagen remodelling in rats with furazolidone induced dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). DCM was induced by furazolidone (0.3 mg/bodyweight (g)/day per gavage for 8 weeks). Rats were then divided into four groups: (i) PBS group (n = 18): rats received equal volume myocardial PBS injection; (ii) MSCs group (n = 17): 100 μl culture medium containing 105 MSCs were injected into four sites of left ventricular free wall (25 μl per site); (iii) GENE group (n = 18): pCMVen‐MLC2v‐EGFP‐VEGF165 plasmid [5 × 109 pfu (0.2 ml)] were injected into four sites of left ventricular free wall (0.05 ml per site)] and (iv) MSCs+GENE group (n = 17): rats received both myocardial MSCs and pCMVen‐MLC2v‐EGFP‐VEGF165 plasmid injections. After 4 weeks, cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Myocardial mRNA expressions of type I, type III collagen and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 were detected by RT‐PCR. The protein expression of hVEGF165 was determined by Western blot. Myocardial protein expression of hVEGF165 was demonstrated in GENE and MSCs+GENE groups. Cardiac function was improved in MSCs, GENE and MSCs+GENE groups. Collagen volume fraction was significantly reduced and myocardial TGF‐β1 mRNA expression significantly down‐regulated in both GENE and MSCs+GENE groups, collagen type I/III ratio reduction was more significant in MSCs+GENE group than in MSCs or GENE group. Myocardial MSCs and hVEGF165 plasmid injection improves cardiac function possibly through down‐regulating myocardial TGF‐β1 expression and reducing the type I/III collagen ratio in this DCM rat model.
The Sheffield Search and Rescue corpus

As part of an ongoing research into extracting mission-critical information from Search and Rescue speech communications, a corpus of unscripted, goal-oriented, two-party spoken conversations has been designed and collected. The Sheffield Search and Rescue (SSAR) corpus comprises about 12 hours of data from 96 conversations by 24 native speakers of British English with a southern accent. Each conversation is about a collaborative task of exploring and estimating a simulated indoor environment. The task has carefully been designed to have a quantitative measure for the amount of exchanged information about the discourse subject. SSAR includes different layers of annotations which should be of interest to researchers in a wide range of human/human conversation understanding as well as automatic speech recognition. It also provides an amount of data for analysis of multiple parallel conversations around a single subject. The SSAR corpus is available for research purposes.
Jet-driving protostars identified from infrared observations of the Carina Nebula complex

Aims: Jets are excellent signposts for very young embedded protostars, so we want to identify jet-driving protostars as a tracer of the currently forming generation of stars in the Carina Nebula, which is one of the most massive galactic star-forming regions and which is characterised by particularly high levels of massive-star feedback on the surrounding clouds. Methods: We used archive data to construct large (> 2 deg x 2 deg) Spitzer IRAC mosaics of the Carina Nebula and performed a spatially complete search for objects with excesses in the 4.5 micron band, typical of shock-excited molecular hydrogen emission. We also identified the mid-infrared point sources that are the likely drivers of previously discovered Herbig-Haro jets and molecular hydrogen emission line objects. We combined the Spitzer photometry with our recent Herschel far-infrared data to construct the spectral energy distributions, and used the Robitaille radiative-transfer modelling tool to infer the properties of the objects. Results: The radiative-transfer modelling suggests that the jet sources are protostars with masses between ~1 M_sol and ~10 M_sol that are surrounded by circumstellar disks and embedded in circumstellar envelopes. Conclusions: The estimated protostar masses < 10 M_sol suggest that the current star-formation activity in the Carina Nebula is restricted to low- and intermediate-mass stars. More optical than infrared jets can be observed, indicating that star formation predominantly takes place close to the surfaces of clouds.
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Revised Sense of Coherence Scale

The present study introduces a revised Sense of Coherence (SOC) scale, a new conceptualization and operationalization of the resilience indicator SOC. It outlines the scale development and aims for testing its reliability, factor structure, and validity. Literature on Antonovsky’s SOC (SOC-A) was critically reviewed to identify needs for improving the scale. The scale was investigated in two samples. Sample 1 consisted of 334 bereaved participants, Sample 2 of 157 healthy controls. The revised SOC Scale, SOC-A, and theoretically relevant questionnaires were applied. Explorative and confirmatory factor analyses established a three-factor structure in both samples. The revised SOC Scale showed significant but discriminative associations with related constructs, including self-efficacy, posttraumatic growth, and neuroticism. The revised measure was significantly associated with psychological health indicators, including persistent grief, depression, and anxiety, but not to the extent as the previous SOC-A. Stability over time was sufficient. The study provides psychometric support for the revised SOC conceptualization and scale. It has several advantages over the previous SOC-A scale (unique variance, distinct factor structure, stability). The scale could be used for clinical and health psychological testing or research into the growing field of studies on resilience over the life span.
Presenting a Combinatorial Feature to Estimate Depth of Anesthesia

Determining depth of anesthesia is a challenging problem in the context of biomedical signal processing. Various methods have been suggested to determine a quantitative index as depth of anesthesia, but most of these methods suffer from high sensitivity during the surgery. A novel method based on energy scattering of samples in the wavelet domain is suggested to represent the basic content of electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. In this method, first EEG signal is decomposed into different sub-bands, then samples are squared and energy of samples sequence is constructed through each scale and time, which is normalized and finally entropy of the resulted sequences is suggested as a reliable index. Empirical Results showed that applying the proposed method to the EEG signals can classify the awake, moderate and deep anesthesia states similar to BIS. Keywords—Depth of anesthesia, EEG, BIS, Wavelet transforms.
Normal blood D‐dimer concentrations: do they exclude pulmonary embolism?

Background Although pulmonary embolism (PE) with normal blood D‐dimer (DD) concentrations is considered rare, in practice the incidence may be greater than is generally believed. Overlooking PE is potentially dangerous. The aim of this study was to explore the incidence and clinical features of PE with normal DD concentrations. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the records of 29 patients with PE and normal DD concentrations from the past seven years. We here compare relevant clinical characteristics of these patients with those of patients with PE and abnormal DD concentrations. We evaluated the probabilities of differences by computing pretest probability scores (Wells score and revised Geneva score). Results The frequency of normal DD concentrations in patients with PE was 4%. Previous episode(s) of PE were more common in patients with normal DD concentrations than in those with abnormal DD concentrations (P=0.001). Fever, tachycardia, and tachypnea occurred less frequently in the former group (P<0.05) and time between onset of symptoms and DD testing was longer (P=0.001). The diagnosis of PE was delayed in 22 of the 29 cases. Nineteen and seven cases with normal DD concentrations were classified according to pretest scores as intermediate and low risk, respectively. Conclusions PE with normal DD concentrations is uncommon. Although most diagnoses of PE are ruled out by normal DD values, a small number of cases with PE are missed. A combination of pretest probability score and normal DD concentration increases the probability of making the correct diagnosis, but cannot completely exclude patients with suspected PE. When the clinical manifestations cannot be otherwise explained, clinicians should be alert to the possibility of PE with normal DD concentrations in patients with previous episode(s) of PE or a long interval between onset of symptoms and DD testing.