Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Appendix F

s for each paper are included below. Topic #1: Funding for Freight Infrastructure and Clean Equipment Lead Authors: Will Kempton and Garth Hopkins, California Transportation Commission The white paper provides an overview of the need for additional funding for both continued development of California’s freight infrastructure and expansion of clean equipment for freight. The paper advocates for the continuation of the successful Trade Corridors Improvement Fund and the Goods Movement Emission Reduction Program. As additional funding for freight improvements is identified, both Trade Corridors Improvement Fund and Goods Movement Emission Reduction Program should be continued under a new program titled “Trade Corridors Improvement Fund / Goods Movement Emission Reduction Program -Phase II”. The white paper also lists suggested selection criteria and possible improvements for a new program. Topic #2: Strategies to Maximize Asset Utilization in the California Freight System: Part I – Background and General Recommendations Lead Author: Miguel Jaller, University of California, Davis This paper (Part I of a two-part series) provides a brief overview of the freight system, with an emphasis on key stakeholders, their roles and interactions, and implications associated with the types of freight movements and layers of the
Development of the Cyberbullying Experiences Survey

The majority of cyberbullying studies have examined middle and high school students. The purpose of the present study was to develop a multifactor cyberbullying victimization and perpetration survey for use with an emerging adult population. The initial 88-item preliminary survey (44 victimization and 44 perpetration items) was administered to 538 college students (421 females). Exploratory factor analyses revealed four-factor (i.e., malice, public humiliation, unwanted contact, and deception) victimization and perpetration scales. A confirmatory factor analysis was then performed on the Cyberbullying Experiences Survey (CES) factor structure with a separate sample of 638 college students (446 females). Results indicated a final 21-item victimization scale and 20-item perpetration scale consisting of the same four factors. The CES has adequate internal consistency and convergent validity with other measures of cyberbullying and Internet harassment and may provide a promising multifactor method of measuring cyberbullying victimization and perpetration.
Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ) for Parental Assessment of Adolescent Problematic Internet Use

Background and aims The surge of problematic Internet use in adolescents is a continuously growing problem across the globe. To our knowledge, to date valid questionnaire-based measurement of problematic Internet use is possible only by self-assessment. The objective for the present study was to adapt an established instrument for a parental assessment of adolescent problematic Internet use and to evaluate the psychometric properties of this questionnaire. Methods Data were collected from a representative German sample of 1,000 parents of adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years using a standardized questionnaire. To assess problematic Internet use, we adapted the established Young Diagnostic Questionnaire by rewording the items to survey a parental rating instead of a self-report (“Parental version of the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire,” PYDQ). Additionally, we assessed the Internet usage time, parental monitoring, family functioning, school performance of the adolescent, and parent–adolescent conflicts. We conducted a confirmatory factor analysis based on the 8 items of the PYDQ modeled as categorical indicators and one latent factor using a robust weighted least squares estimator. We also calculated a reliability coefficient, the acceptance of the instrument, and performed correlation analyses. Results The unidimensional model showed excellent global goodness-of-fit (χ2/df = 1.65, RMSEA = 0.03, CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99) and satisfactory factor loadings (standardized values ranged from 0.60 to 0.77). We observed a reliability coefficient of 0.70, a good acceptance of the instrument, and the correlation analyses indicated the construct validity of the PYDQ. Discussion and conclusion The proposed PYDQ is a suitable instrument for parental assessment of adolescent problematic Internet use.
Plasma profiles in active systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Biomarkers and biological implications

Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) is a chronic arthritis of children characterized by a combination of arthritis and systemic inflammation. There is usually non‐specific laboratory evidence of inflammation at diagnosis but no diagnostic test. Normalized volumes from 89/889 2‐D protein spots representing 26 proteins revealed a plasma pattern that distinguishes SJIA flare from quiescence. Highly discriminating spots derived from 15 proteins constitute a robust SJIA flare signature and show specificity for SJIA flare in comparison to active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis or acute febrile illness. We used 7 available ELISA assays, including one to the complex of S100A8/S100A9, to measure levels of 8 of the15 proteins. Validating our DIGE results, this ELISA panel correctly classified independent SJIA flare samples, and distinguished them from acute febrile illness. Notably, data using the panel suggest its ability to improve on erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C‐reactive protein or S100A8/S100A9, either alone or in combination in SJIA F/Q discriminations. Our results also support the panel's potential clinical utility as a predictor of incipient flare (within 9 wk) in SJIA subjects with clinically inactive disease. Pathway analyses of the 15 proteins in the SJIA flare versus quiescence signature corroborate growing evidence for a key role for IL‐1 at disease flare.
The Role of Nutritional Therapy in Alcoholic Liver Disease

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) evolves through various stages, and malnutrition correlates with the severity of ALD. Poor nutrition is caused both by the substitution of calories from alcohol for calories from food and by the malabsorption and maldigestion of various nutrients attributed to ALD. The only established therapy for ALD consists of abstinence from alcohol. Sufficient nutritional repletion coupled with appropriate supportive treatment modalities may be effective in reducing complications associated with ALD—particularly infection. Nutrition makes a significant positive contribution in the treatment of ALD, especially in selected malnourished patients.
Electrical Stimulation of the Heart in Patients with Ventricular Tachycardia

The initiation and termination of tachycardias were studied in five patients who suffered from recurrent attacks of ventricular tachycardia. In four, coronary artery disease with old myocardial infarction was present. A ventricular tachycardia could be initiated in all patients by a single right ventricular premature beat given during regular driving of the right ventricle. The tachycardia could be terminated by a single right ventricular premature beat, or two right ventricular premature beats given in close succession. In four of our patients an early right ventricular premature beat was followed by the next QRS complex of the tachycardia after an interval shorter than compensatory. Our results favor reentry as the causal mechanism for the tachycardias in our patients. Possible pathways for circus reentry leading to ventricular tachycardia can theoretically be composed of (1) the bundle branches, (2) Purkinje fibers with or without adjacent ventricular myocardium, (3) infarcted or fibrotic ventricular tissue, and (4) combinations of (1), (2), and (3).
Prognostic factors in advanced prostatic carcinoma treated with total androgen blockade. Flutamide with orchiectomy or with LHRH analogues. A Belgian multicentric study of 546 patients.

Prognostic factors were evaluated in advanced loco-regional (M0) or distant metastatic (M1) prostatic carcinoma treated with total androgen blockade (flutamide with either orchiectomy of LHRH-analogues), in 546 patients from a Belgian multicentric study. After a mean follow-up of 16.5 months (maximum 37 months) 113 (21%) patients had progressed (90 were patients with M1 disease (31%)). The estimated median progression-free survival exceeded 37.5 months. The results of a univariate analysis show that the following parameters are important prognostic factors with respect to progression-free survival in these patients: M stage, G grade, ECOG performance status, weight loss, concomitant disease, pain, dysuria and haemoglobin (Lee-Desu test, p < or = 0.01). From a multivariate analysis (Cox regression) the following prognostic factors were indicative of a decrease in progression-free survival: M1 stage, high initial G grade, ECOG performance status > I, high serum PSA, presence of concomitant disease, presence of pain and absence of dysuria. Age did not appear to be a statistically significant prognostic factor.
Tailored vs. Standardized Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Depression and Comorbid Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background and Aims Major depression can be treated by means of cognitive behavior therapy, delivered via the Internet as guided self-help. Individually tailored guided self-help treatments have shown promising results in the treatment of anxiety disorders. This randomized controlled trial tested the efficacy of an Internet-based individually tailored guided self-help treatment which specifically targeted depression with comorbid symptoms. The treatment was compared both to standardized (non-tailored) Internet-based treatment and to an active control group in the form of a monitored online discussion group. Both guided self-help treatments were based on cognitive behavior therapy and lasted for 10 weeks. The discussion group consisted of weekly discussion themes related to depression and the treatment of depression. Methods A total of 121 participants with diagnosed major depressive disorder and with a range of comorbid symptoms were randomized to three groups. The tailored treatment consisted of a prescribed set of modules targeting depression as well as comorbid problems. The standardized treatment was a previously tested guided self-help program for depression. Results From pre-treatment to post-treatment, both treatment groups improved on measures of depression, anxiety and quality of life. The results were maintained at a 6-month follow-up. Subgroup analyses showed that the tailored treatment was more effective than the standardized treatment among participants with higher levels of depression at baseline and more comorbidity, both in terms of reduction of depressive symptoms and on recovery rates. In the subgroup with lower baseline scores of depression, few differences were seen between treatments and the discussion group. Conclusions This study shows that tailored Internet-based treatment for depression is effective and that addressing comorbidity by tailoring may be one way of making guided self-help treatments more effective than standardized approaches in the treatment of more severe depression. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01181583
Mesenchymal stem cells conditioned with glucose depletion augments their ability to repair-infarcted myocardium

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive candidate for autologous cell therapy, but their ability to repair damaged myocardium is severely compromised with advanced age. Development of viable autologous cell therapy for treatment of heart failure in the elderly requires the need to address MSC ageing. In this study, MSCs from young (2 months) and aged (24 months) C57BL/6 mice were characterized for gene expression of IGF‐1, FGF‐2, VEGF, SIRT‐1, AKT, p16INK4a, p21 and p53 along with measurements of population doubling (PD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and apoptosis. Aged MSCs displayed senescent features compared with cells isolated from young animals and therefore were pre‐conditioned with glucose depletion to enhance age affected function. Pre‐conditioning of aged MSCs led to an increase in expression of IGF‐1, AKT and SIRT‐1 concomitant with enhanced viability, proliferation and delayed senescence. To determine the myocardial repair capability of pre‐conditioned aged MSCs, myocardial infarction (MI) was induced in 24 months old C57BL/6 wild type mice and GFP expressing untreated and pre‐conditioned aged MSCs were transplanted. Hearts transplanted with pre‐conditioned aged MSCs showed increased expression of paracrine factors, such as IGF‐1, FGF‐2, VEGF and SDF‐1α. This was associated with significantly improved cardiac performance as measured by dp/dtmax, dp/dtmin, LVEDP and LVDP, declined left ventricle (LV) fibrosis and apoptosis as measured by Masson's Trichrome and TUNEL assays, respectively, after 30 days of transplantation. In conclusion, pre‐conditioning of aged MSCs with glucose depletion can enhance proliferation, delay senescence and restore the ability of aged cells to repair senescent infarcted myocardium.
RegNetwork: an integrated database of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory networks in human and mouse

Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression is of fundamental importance to numerous biological processes. Nowadays, an increasing amount of gene regulatory relationships have been documented in various databases and literature. However, to more efficiently exploit such knowledge for biomedical research and applications, it is necessary to construct a genome-wide regulatory network database to integrate the information on gene regulatory relationships that are widely scattered in many different places. Therefore, in this work, we build a knowledge-based database, named ‘RegNetwork’, of gene regulatory networks for human and mouse by collecting and integrating the documented regulatory interactions among transcription factors (TFs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and target genes from 25 selected databases. Moreover, we also inferred and incorporated potential regulatory relationships based on transcription factor binding site (TFBS) motifs into RegNetwork. As a result, RegNetwork contains a comprehensive set of experimentally observed or predicted transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory relationships, and the database framework is flexibly designed for potential extensions to include gene regulatory networks for other organisms in the future. Based on RegNetwork, we characterized the statistical and topological properties of genome-wide regulatory networks for human and mouse, we also extracted and interpreted simple yet important network motifs that involve the interplays between TF-miRNA and their targets. In summary, RegNetwork provides an integrated resource on the prior information for gene regulatory relationships, and it enables us to further investigate context-specific transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory interactions based on domain-specific experimental data. Database URL: http://www.regnetworkweb. org
INSTABILITY AND FORMATION OF CLUSTERING SOLUTIONS OF TRAFFIC FLOW

We review recent results on traffic instabilities. An innovative approach to traffic dynamics is proposed. The self-organized oscillatory and chaotic behavior of traffic flow are identified and formulated. The results agree with the empirical findings for freeway traffic and with the previous numerical simulations. Thus the work gives a justification for observed and simulated traffic instabilities and some insight into their meanings.
Seismological Constraints on Core Composition from Fe-O-S Liquid Immiscibility

Earth's core is composed primarily of iron (Fe) with about 10% by weight of lighter elements. The lighter elements are progressively enriched in the liquid outer core as the core cools and the inner core crystallizes. Thermodynamic modeling of Fe-O-S liquids shows that immiscible liquids can exist at outer-core pressures (136 to 330 gigapascals) at temperatures below 5200 kelvin and lead to layering in the outer core if the concentrations of the lighter elements are high enough. We found no evidence for layering in the outer core in the travel times and wave forms of P4KP seismic waves that reflect internally in the core. The absence of layers therefore constrains outer-core compositions in the Fe-O-S system to be no richer than 6 ± 1 weight % (wt %) O and 2 to 15 wt % S. A single core liquid composition of 10.5 ± 3.5 wt % S and 1.5 ± 1.5 wt % O is compatible with wave speeds and densities throughout the outer core.
Searching for the Best Mix of Strategies: Delinquency Prevention and the Transformation of Juvenile Justice in the “Get Tough” Era and Beyond

At the same time as politicians were calling for and legislating “get tough” policies that led to mass incarceration and increased rates of imprisonment for juvenile offenders in the 1990s, many states and jurisdictions began adopting an array of evidence-based therapeutic programs. Beginning with the Chicago Area Project of the 1930s, we examine the historical development of delinquency prevention in the context of broader shifts in the politics of crime and punishment. We focus on the recent cases of Pennsylvania and Washington State in particular to illustrate that prevention, beginning in the 1990s and continuing into the 2000s, is now a formidable part of a mix of strategies for reducing delinquency. In spite of the seeming transformation of the social and political context surrounding delinquency prevention in the “get tough” era, we argue that there is more continuity than change in the role of prevention in our society’s response to delinquency.
Interstellar Dust Models and Evolutionary Implications

The wavelength dependences of interstellar extinction and polarization, supplemented by observed elemental abundances and the spectrum of infrared emission from dust heated by starlight, strongly constrain dust models. One dust model that appears to be consistent with observations is presented. To reproduce the observed extinction, the model consumes the bulk of interstellar Mg, Si, and Fe (in amorphous silicates), and a substantial fraction of C (in carbonaceous material), with size distributions and alignment adjusted to match observations. The composition, structure, and size distribution of interstellar grains is the result of injection of dust from stellar outflows into the interstellar medium (ISM), followed by destruction, growth, coagulation, and photoprocessing of interstellar grains. The balance among these poorly-understood processes is responsible for the mix of solid material present in the ISM. Most interstellar grain material present in the diffuse ISM must be grown in the ISM. The amorphous silicate and carbonaceous materials that form the bulk of interstellar dust must therefore be the result of grain growth in the presence of ultraviolet radiation. Dust in high-z systems such as J1148+5251 is also produced primarily in the ISM, with supernova-produced dust contributing only a small fraction of the total dust mass.
A new hybrid binarization method based on Kmeans

The document binarization is a fundamental processing step toward Optical Character Recognition (OCR). It aims to separate the foreground text from the document background. In this article, we propose a novel binarization technique combining local and global approaches using the clustering algorithm Kmeans. The proposed Hybrid Binarization, based on Kmeans (HBK), performs a robust binarization on scanned documents. According to several experiments, we demonstrate that the HBK method improves the binarization quality while minimizing the amount of distortion. Moreover, it outperforms several well-known state of the art methods in the OCR evaluation.
An Analysis of Delay-Constrained Opportunistic Scheduling for Cellular Wireless Systems

Base station schedulers in 3G and evolving 4G cellular systems use knowledge of the time-varying channel conditions of mobile users to exploit the multiuser diversity inherent in wireless networks. Although such opportunistic schedulers significantly improve the system throughput by scheduling users when their channel conditions are most favorable, they could degrade the user experience as a result of unfair resource allocation and increased variability in the scheduled rate and delay. The growing need to provide service differentiation between delay-sensitive multimedia traffic and non real-time data traffic over packet switched air-interfaces underscores the need for these schedulers to incorporate delay constraints. In this work, we focus primarily on the trade-off between the realization of multiuser diversity gain and the provision of delay guarantees. Our main contribution is an analytical characterization of the distributions of the delay and rate offered by an opportunistic scheduler. The scheduling metric used in the algorithm combines the rate requested by the user and scheduling delay in a general form. Our analysis of a wireless system with a finite number of users in discrete time is strongly supported by system simulations of a time-slotted cellular downlink shared by multiple mobile users with independent, fading channels. We also compute closed form expressions for the scheduler statistics using a continuous approximation. The results in this paper can be used to evaluate system performance and provision resources to support Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees in broadband wireless networks.
Serving first for the benefit of others: preliminary evidence for a hierarchical conceptualization of servant leadership

In this paper, we examine servant leadership as a promising leadership style for today's dynamic sales environments. Conceptual and empirical literature points to servant leadership's strong potential in facilitating benefits to salespeople and the organization. Yet that same literature evidences a problematic lack of consensus regarding components that distinctly reflect servant leadership. Existing conceptualizations include dimensions like humility and providing direction, which clearly overlap with various other leadership styles. In this paper, we first consider unique distinctives of servant leadership. We then propose an extension of the augmentation hypothesis from the transactional and transformational leadership literature. Specifically, we posit that servant leadership distinctives are hierarchically built on transformational characteristics, which themselves are built on transactional characteristics. Using secondary data from a sample of professional salespeople, we apply Guttman scaling and show this hierarchical conceptualization to be empirically tenable. We demonstrate that sales leadership at higher levels on the hierarchy produces incremental gains in salesperson satisfaction, salesperson performance, organizational citizenship behaviors, and corporate social responsibility. We confirm our findings in a validation sample and demonstrate an additional relationship with customer-directed extra-role behaviors. Our results imply that sales organizations can reap enhanced multi-faceted benefits through higher levels of servant leadership.
Using Social Tagging to Improve Social Navigation

In this paper, we explore the increasingly popular social bookmarking services. These services powerfully combine personal tagging of information sources with interactive browsing, which allows for improved social navigation. We examine the use of a social bookmarking service, deployed in a large organization, to understand how social navigation is supported. We conclude that social tags used in the context of a social bookmarking service are an important way to improve social navigation.