Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perspectives of People with Dementia: Experiencing Shame.An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

Background People with dementia who have participated in research have reported experiencing shame (Cheston, in press; Mitchell, McCollum & Monaghan, 2013), and other uncomfortable self-conscious experiences, such as self-criticism (Langdon, Eagle & Warner, 2006), embarrassment (Imhof, Wallhagen, Mahrer-Imhof & Monsch, 2006), and fears of stigma (Harman & Clare, 2006). Public Health guidance has emphasised the importance of addressing the stigma and marginalisation of people with dementia (Department of Health, 2009; World Health Organisation & Alzheimer’s Disease International, 2012). Methodology This study uses Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to explore experiences of shame for six people in the early stages of dementia, living independently in the community. Data was collected through the use of individual, semi-structured interviews conducted within participants’ homes. The interviews were transcribed by the primary researcher and analysed through an in-depth, interpretive examination. Results Four superordinate themes emerged from the data. Firstly, Avoidance reveals how the participants made several levels of attempts to hide and distance themselves from shaming experiences. Secondly, the participants’ accounts highlight Negative Self-Perceptions, including a weakening sense of self, a loss of value, and meaninglessness. Thirdly, Relationship Matters involve issues around trust, feeling a burden, and the impact of past relationships on current levels of shame. Fourthly, Uncertainty and loss of control highlights the participants’ search for an understanding of their experiences, and fears about an unknown future and losing control. Conclusion The study contributes ideas for developing both public and professional awareness for promoting non-shaming experiences for people with dementia. In particular, suggestions are provided for improving communication during the assessment and diagnosis process, as well as options for responding to shame through psychological therapies.
Snow Grain-Size Estimation Over Mountainous Areas From MODIS Imagery

Snow in mountainous areas is a major source of surface water and groundwater recharge in the world. The water balance in mountainous regions is controlled by the interactions between the climate, cryospheric, and hydrological systems. Surface snow grain is a sensitive thermodynamic indicator of snowpack and plays an important role in the snow albedo. In mountainous regions, the complicated terrain conditions may introduce errors in the snow grain size estimated from satellite imagery. In this letter, an effective method based on the Snow Grain-Size and Pollution (SGSP) amount algorithm is proposed to estimate the surface snow grain size with careful topographic correction, using spectral reflectance data in Channel 5 (1.24 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer. The SGSP-estimated snow grain size was validated with <italic>in situ</italic> measurements collected from field campaigns in mountainous areas of Manasi River Basin, China, during the periods of snow accumulation and ablation from 2011 to 2015. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> value of 0.90 and root mean squared error of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$80.42~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> were obtained.
Comparison of Cotinine Salivary Levels in Hookah Smokers, Passive Smokers, and Non-Smokers

Background At present smoking is considered a great health-related problem. Smoking cigarettes and use of tobacco are on the rise in the Middle East countries; therefore, the number of people exposed to passive cigarette smoke is increasing, too. The aim of the present study was to determine and compare salivary cotinine levels in hookah smokers, individuals exposed to passive cigarette smoke and non-smoker (passive smokers). Methods In the present cross-sectional study, unstimulated salivary samples were collected from 150 subjects, including 50 hookah smokers, 50 passive smokers, and 50 non-smokers. Bioassay Technology Laboratory cotinine kit was used to determine salivary levels of cotinine using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique at a sensitivity rate of 0.019 pg/ml. Data were analyzed with SPSS software using t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Findings The highest salivary cotinine levels were recorded in hookah users (20.24 ± 5.62 ng/ml), followed by passive smokers (16.09 ± 3.51 ng/ml), in descending order. No detectable cotinine levels were observed in non-smokers. Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed a strong and positive correlation between use of hookah and salivary cotinine levels (r = 0.932, P = 0.001). Conclusion Based on the results of the present study, salivary cotinine levels were higher in hookah smokers compared with passive smokers and non-smokers, in descending order.
Of Mice and Meth

This article describes an innovative neuropsychopharmacology laboratory that can be incorporated into any research methods class. The lab consists of a set of interconnected modules centered on observations of methamphetamine-induced behavioral changes in mice and is designed to provide students with an opportunity to acquire basic skills necessary for conducting research. To assess the practical utility of this new laboratory, an empirical study was conducted to determine whether different formats of the lab produce similar learning gains. The results suggest that both the live and the media-based variations of this lab are similarly effective. Thus, to facilitate the adoption of the lab, especially in its media-based format, all necessary materials are made available on a dedicated website.
Effect of refractive surgery on binocular vision and ocular alignment in patients with manifest or intermittent strabismus

Objective: To evaluate the effect of refractive surgery on binocular vision and ocular alignment in patients with manifest or intermittent strabismus, with or without vertical component. Setting: University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium. Patients and methods: 13 patients (22 eyes) with strabismus underwent refractive surgery. Five of these patients presented with an esotropia and four of them with a small vertical deviation. Five patients had a manifest exotropia, of whom two presented with a small vertical deviation. Two patients had an intermittent exotropia with binocular vision, of whom one patient had a vertical deviation. One patient had a hypertropia with a dissociated vertical deviation. Results: Ocular alignment and binocular function remained unchanged postoperatively in all except two patients with high anisometropia who experienced an improvement in binocular function. In these patients, the preoperative manifest deviation became intermittent or latent after surgery, allowing fusion and stereopsis. Vertical deviation was found preoperatively in 8 of the 13 patients. This vertical deviation remained unchanged postoperatively, but improved in one patient with anisometropia. Conclusion: Preoperative intermittent or manifest strabismus is not a contraindication for refractive surgery provided some specific recommendations are taken into account, such as an adequate preoperative orthoptic examination and aiming at emmetropia for both eyes.
Concurrent Multiscale Computing of Deformation Microstructure by Relaxation and Local Enrichment with Application to Single-Crystal Plasticity

This paper is concerned with the effective modeling of deformation microstructures within a concurrent multiscale computing framework. We present a rigorous formulation of concurrent multiscale computing based on relaxation; we establish the connection between concurrent multiscale computing and enhanced-strain elements; and we illustrate the approach in an important area of application, namely, single-crystal plasticity, for which the explicit relaxation of the problem is derived analytically. This example demonstrates the vast effect of microstructure formation on the macroscopic behavior of the sample, e.g., on the force/travel curve of a rigid indentor. Thus, whereas the unrelaxed model results in an overly stiff response, the relaxed model exhibits a proper limit load, as expected. Our numerical examples additionally illustrate that ad hoc element enhancements, e.g., based on polynomial, trigonometric, or similar representations, are unlikely to result in any significant relaxation in general.
An Equilibrium Model of Rare Event Premia

In this paper, we study the asset pricing implication of imprecise knowledge about rare events. Modeling rare events as jumps in the aggregate endowment, we explicitly solve the equilibrium asset prices in a pure-exchange economy with a representative agent who is averse not only to risk but also to model uncertainty with respect to rare events. Our results show that there are three components in the equity premium: the diffusive-risk premium, the jump-risk premium, and the "rare event premium. " While the first two premia are generated by risk aversion, the last one is driven exclusively by uncertainty aversion. To dis-entangle the "rare event premium" from the standard risk-based premia, we examine the equilibrium prices of options with varying degree of moneyness. We consider models with different levels of uncertainty aversion -- including the one with zero uncertainty aversion, and calibrate all models to the same level of equity premium. Although observationally equivalent with respect to the equity market, these models provide distinctly different predictions on the option market. Without incorporating uncertainty aversion, the standard model cannot explain the extent of the premia implicit in options, particularly the prevalent "smirk" patterns documented in the index options market. In contrast, the models incorporating uncertainty aversion can generate significant premia for at-the-money option prices, as well as pronounced "smirk" patterns for options with different degrees of moneyness.
Multiple Frequencies in the Basal Ganglia in Parkinson's Disease

In recent years, the authors have developed what appears to be a very successful phenomenological model for analyzing the role of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in alleviating the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. In this paper, we extend the scope of the model by using it to predict the generation of new frequencies from networks tuned to a specific frequency, or indeed not self-oscillatory at all. We have discussed two principal cases: firstly where the constituent systems are coupled in an excitatory-excitatory fashion, which we designate by ``+/+''; and secondly where the constituent systems are coupled in an excitatory-inhibitory fashion, which we designate ``+/-''. The model predicts that from a basic system tuned to tremor frequency we can generate an unlimited range of frequencies. We illustrate in particular, starting from systems which are initially non-oscillatory, that when the coupling coefficient exceeds a certain value, the system begins to oscillate at an amplitude which increases with the coupling strength. Another very interesting feature, which has been shown by colleagues of ours to arise through the coupling of complicated networks based on the physiology of the basal ganglia, can be illustrated by the root locus method which shows that increasing and decreasing frequencies of oscillation, existing simultaneously, have the property that their geometric mean remains substantially constant as the coupling strength is varied. We feel that with the present approach, we have provided another tool for understanding the existence and interaction of pathological oscillations which underlie, not only Parkinson's disease, but other conditions such as Tourette's syndrome, depression and epilepsy.
Hepatitis C virus envelope proteins bind lactoferrin

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has two envelope proteins, E1 and E2, which form a heterooligomer. During dissection of interacting regions of HCV E1 and E2, we found the presence of an interfering compound or compounds in skim milk. Here we report that human as well as bovine lactoferrin, a multifunctional immunomodulator, binds two HCV envelope proteins. As determined by far-Western blotting, the bacterially expressed E1 and E2 could bind lactoferrin in human milk directly separated or immunopurified and separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The bindings of lactoferrin and HCV envelope proteins in vitro were confirmed by another method, the pull-down assay, with immunoprecipitated lactoferrin-bound protein A resin. By the same assay, mammal-expressed recombinant E1 and E2 were also demonstrated to bind human lactoferrin efficiently in vitro. Direct interaction between E2 and lactoferrin was proved in vivo, since anti-human lactoferrin antibody efficiently coimmunoprecipitated with secreted and intracellular forms of the E2 protein, but not glutathione S-transferase (GST), from lysates of HepG2 cells transiently cotransfected with the expression plasmids of human lactoferrin and gE2t-GST (the N-terminal two-thirds of E2 fused to GST) or GST. The N-terminal loop of lactoferrin, the region important for the antibacterial activity, has only a little role in the binding ability to HCV E2 but affected the secretion or stability of lactoferrin. Taken together, these results indicate the specific interaction between lactoferrin and HCV envelope proteins in vivo and in vitro.
Positive Youth Development Processes , Philosophies , and Programs

PYD AS A DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESS 365 THE STUDY OF ADOLESCENCE WITHIN THE RELATIONAL DEVELOPMENTAL SYSTEM 366 APPROACHES TO PYD AS A DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESS 367 RICHARD M. LERNER, JACQUELINE V. LERNER, AND COLLEAGUES AND THE STUDY OF INDIVIDUAL ←→ CONTEXT RELATIONAL PROCESSES AND PYD 373 PYD AS A PHILOSOPHY OR APPROACH TO YOUTH PROGRAMMING 379 PYD AS INSTANCES OF YOUTH PROGRAMS AND ORGANIZATIONS 381 PROBLEMS IN INTEGRATING THE THREE FACETS OF PYD SCHOLARSHIP 385 THE INTEGRATION OF PREVENTIVE AND PROMOTIVE APPROACHES TO YOUTH DEVELOPMENT 386 CONCLUSIONS 387 REFERENCES 387
How and When Does Emotional Intelligence Influence Salesperson Adaptive and Proactive Performance?

Salesperson adaptivity and proactivity are two emergent forms of sales performance that are particularly important when work requirements cannot be clearly anticipated and employees need to address complex situations. This study attempts to contribute to the existing literature by exploring the underlying mechanism that links emotional intelligence (EI), an ability that is considered fundamental in customer interactions, to adaptive and proactive performance. A dyadic sample of industrial salespeople and their immediate supervisors reveals that EI has a positive influence on salesperson adaptivity and proactivity through its effect on their perceived self‐efficacy and intrinsic motivation. Additionally, the indirect effect of self‐efficacy on adaptive and proactive sales performance is found to depend on a salesperson's perceived organizational support and ability to bounce back. Certain implications of this study, as well as suggestions for future research, are also addressed.
Pre-primary education and long-term education performance: Evidence from Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) Thailand

Several research papers have assessed the long-term benefits of pre-primary education in terms of academic performance and labor market outcomes. This study analyzes data obtained from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) to estimate the effects of preschool enrollment of Thai students on producing long-term benefits in their academic performance. Results show that a mother’s educational attainment has a significant impact on the decision to enroll her child in preschool. Regarding the long-term benefits, our findings show that pre-primary education bears a significant and positive association with cognitive skills in all three areas of literacy tested under PISA, namely, reading, mathematics, and sciences. Regarding the economic status of students’ families, results indicate that the benefits of pre-primary education in cognitive skill improvement tend to be greatest in the case of students from low- to middle-income families. Evidence supports the promotion of long-term benefits of pre-primary education and, thus, the universal early childhood education policy. In particular, support should be given to childhood education programmes that specifically target children from disadvantaged groups and low-income households.
Organisational communication and its relationships with job satisfaction and organisational commitment of primary school staff in Western Australia

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between aspects of organisational communication and dimensions of job satisfaction and general organisational commitment. Participants were 358 staff members from 35 government primary schools in the state of Western Australia, who completed a survey comprising the Organisational Communication in Primary Schools Questionnaire, the Teacher Job Satisfaction Questionnaire and a five item general organisational commitment scale. Factor analyses established 13 aspects of job satisfaction and 9 dimensions of job satisfaction. Multiple regression analyses were used to investigate interrelationships. The findings suggest several aspects of organisational communication were related to job satisfaction and organisational commitment. This article concludes with implications for future research with regard to communication and for the maintenance of optimal levels of job satisfaction and commitment in schools.
Experience of using the bioresorbable copolyester poly(DL-lactide-ε-caprolactone) nerve conduit guide Neurolac™ for nerve repair in peripheral nerve defects: Report on a series of 28 lesions

Synthetic nerve guides are occasionally used to repair nerve defects. The aim of the present work was to analyse the results of Neurolac™ use in a series of 23 patients. We operated on 28 nerve lesions located on various sites: arm (n = 1), elbow (n = 5), forearm (n = 4), wrist (n = 2), palm (n = 5), fingers (n = 11). Defects averaged 11.03 mm and were repaired using Neurolac™. After an average of 21.9 months’ follow up (3–45 months), subjective criteria (pain, cold intolerance, Quick DASH) and objective criteria (strength, Weber and Semmes–Weinstein sensitivity tests) were compared with the contralateral side. Average pain score was 2.17/10. Cold intolerance was reported in fifteen cases. Quick DASH averaged 35.37/100. Grip strength averaged 64.62% of the contralateral side. As regards sensitivity, the difference between the two sides was 18.89 on Weber’s test, and 46.92 on Semmes–Weinstein. Defect size did not affect the outcomes. We observed eight complications the most serious being two fistulizations of the Neurolac™ device close to a joint and one neuroma. Neurolac™ presents some advantages (resorption, semi-permeability, emergency use, tenseless repair) like other synthetic guides used for nerve regeneration and its transparency constitutes an added benefit. However, some difficulty in its handling and its expensiveness represent real disadvantages. Our results are not in favour of its use in repairing hand nerve defects.
The effects of morphological priming on spelling accuracy and the age of acquisition

This study aims to test whether morphological priming aids spelling accuracy; by comparing the scores of four different measures of spelling accuracy from priming and non-priming groups. An opportunity sample of two hundred and seven children aged between five and thirteen years were randomly allocated to either a priming or non-priming group. The priming groups outperformed control groups across all Key Stages in the different measures of spelling accuracy. The benefits of explicitly teaching morphology from the beginning of literacy instruction are discussed.
Factors influencing disclosure of HIV positive status in Mityana district of Uganda.

BACKGROUND Disclosure of HIV positive sero-status to sexual partners, friends or relatives is useful for prevention and care. Identifying factors associated with disclosure is a research priority as a high proportion of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PHA) never disclose. OBJECTIVE To identify factors associated with disclosure among PHAs in Mityana district of Uganda. METHODS Using a case control design, we compared 139 PHAs who had disclosed to 139 PHA who had not disclosed regarding socio demographic characteristics, sexual behaviour, individual experiences and perceptions about disclosure, as well as on health facility/community correlates of disclosure. RESULTS The independent factors that favour disclosure are not fearing negative outcomes of disclosure adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 7.00, 95 % confidence interval (95% CI) 3.03-16.95, having communication skills to disclose (AOR 12.08, 95% CI 4.94-29.51), having initiated anti-retroviral therapy (AOR 7.51, 95% CI 3.42-16.49), not having tested for HIV during ante-natal clinic (AOR 5.07, 95% CI 1.95-13.10), receiving ongoing counselling (AOR 4.33, 95% CI 1.50-12.51) and having ever seen a PHA publicly disclose his/her HIV status AOR 2.73, 95% CI 1.24-6.02). CONCLUSIONS PHAs that have not initiated anti-retroviral therapy (ART), test for HIV in ante-natal clinic and fear negative outcomes need more help in disclosure. Measures that empower PHA to disclose such as those that lead to improved communication skills should be reinforced during ongoing counselling.
Learning to Monitor Machine Health with Convolutional Bi-Directional LSTM Networks

In modern manufacturing systems and industries, more and more research efforts have been made in developing effective machine health monitoring systems. Among various machine health monitoring approaches, data-driven methods are gaining in popularity due to the development of advanced sensing and data analytic techniques. However, considering the noise, varying length and irregular sampling behind sensory data, this kind of sequential data cannot be fed into classification and regression models directly. Therefore, previous work focuses on feature extraction/fusion methods requiring expensive human labor and high quality expert knowledge. With the development of deep learning methods in the last few years, which redefine representation learning from raw data, a deep neural network structure named Convolutional Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory networks (CBLSTM) has been designed here to address raw sensory data. CBLSTM firstly uses CNN to extract local features that are robust and informative from the sequential input. Then, bi-directional LSTM is introduced to encode temporal information. Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTMs) are able to capture long-term dependencies and model sequential data, and the bi-directional structure enables the capture of past and future contexts. Stacked, fully-connected layers and the linear regression layer are built on top of bi-directional LSTMs to predict the target value. Here, a real-life tool wear test is introduced, and our proposed CBLSTM is able to predict the actual tool wear based on raw sensory data. The experimental results have shown that our model is able to outperform several state-of-the-art baseline methods.