Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proper functioning of the GINS complex is important for the fidelity of DNA replication in yeast

The role of replicative DNA polymerases in ensuring genome stability is intensively studied, but the role of other components of the replisome is still not fully understood. One of such component is the GINS complex (comprising the Psf1, Psf2, Psf3 and Sld5 subunits), which participates in both initiation and elongation of DNA replication. Until now, the understanding of the physiological role of GINS mostly originated from biochemical studies. In this article, we present genetic evidence for an essential role of GINS in the maintenance of replication fidelity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In our studies we employed the psf1‐1 allele (Takayama et al., 2003) and a novel psf1‐100 allele isolated in our laboratory. Analysis of the levels and specificity of mutations in the psf1 strains indicates that the destabilization of the GINS complex or its impaired interaction with DNA polymerase epsilon increases the level of spontaneous mutagenesis and the participation of the error‐prone DNA polymerase zeta. Additionally, a synergistic mutator effect was found for the defects in Psf1p and in the proofreading activity of Pol epsilon, suggesting that proper functioning of GINS is crucial for facilitating error‐free processing of terminal mismatches created by Pol epsilon.
Differential Gender and Ethnic Differences in Math Performance

The present research investigates the role of self-regulatory mechanisms in the context of gender and ethnic differences (between African Americans and Caucasians) in math test performance. Building on two basic notions proposed in regulatory focus theory, it is argued that gender and ethnic differences in math performance are particularly pronounced under conditions where prevention-focused self-regulation is activated (by emphasizing point deductions for mistakes). This assumption refers to a specific mechanism documented in previous research on regulatory focus theory: The differential-sensitivity mechanism according to which a prevention focus renders individuals particularly sensitive with regard to negative information (such as negative performance expectancies). Results of an archival data analysis document a substantial differential gender and ethnic gap in math performance as a function of test instruction (involving point deductions for mistakes or not) supporting the proposed differential gende.
Deep Supervised and Convolutional Generative Stochastic Network for Protein Secondary Structure Prediction

Predicting protein secondary structure is a fundamental problem in protein structure prediction. Here we present a new supervised generative stochastic network (GSN) based method to predict local secondary structure with deep hierarchical representations. GSN is a recently proposed deep learning technique (Bengio & Thibodeau-Laufer, 2013) to globally train deep generative model. We present the supervised extension of GSN, which learns a Markov chain to sample from a conditional distribution, and applied it to protein structure prediction. To scale the model to full-sized, high-dimensional data, like protein sequences with hundreds of amino acids, we introduce a convolutional architecture, which allows efficient learning across multiple layers of hierarchical representations. Our architecture uniquely focuses on predicting structured low-level labels informed with both low and high-level representations learned by the model. In our application this corresponds to labeling the secondary structure state of each amino-acid residue. We trained and tested the model on separate sets of non-homologous proteins sharing less than 30% sequence identity. Our model achieves 66.4% Q8 accuracy on the CB513 dataset, better than the previously reported best performance 64.9% (Wang et al., 2011) for this challenging secondary structure prediction problem.
Learning Deep Generative Models with Doubly Stochastic MCMC

We present doubly stochastic gradient MCMC, a simple and generic method for (approximate) Bayesian inference of deep generative models (DGMs) in a collapsed continuous parameter space. At each MCMC sampling step, the algorithm randomly draws a mini-batch of data samples to estimate the gradient of log-posterior and further estimates the intractable expectation over hidden variables via a neural adaptive importance sampler, where the proposal distribution is parameterized by a deep neural network and learnt jointly. We demonstrate the effectiveness on learning various DGMs in a wide range of tasks, including density estimation, data generation and missing data imputation. Our method outperforms many state-of-the-art competitors.
Using Spoken Language Benchmarks to Characterize the Expressive Language Skills of Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders.

PURPOSE Spoken language benchmarks proposed by Tager-Flusberg et al. (2009) were used to characterize communication profiles of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders and to investigate if there were differences in variables hypothesized to influence language development at different benchmark levels. METHOD The communication abilities of a large sample of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders (N = 105) were characterized in terms of spoken language benchmarks. The toddlers were grouped according to these benchmarks to investigate whether there were differences in selected variables across benchmark groups at a mean age of 2.5 years. RESULTS The majority of children in the sample presented with uneven communication profiles with relative strengths in phonology and significant weaknesses in pragmatics. When children were grouped according to one expressive language domain, across-group differences were observed in response to joint attention and gestures but not cognition or restricted and repetitive behaviors. CONCLUSION The spoken language benchmarks are useful for characterizing early communication profiles and investigating features that influence expressive language growth.
Trust Promoting Seals in Electronic Markets

Abstract In order to promote web sales, companies conducting electronic commerce are constantly seeking viable and efficient ways to increase web traffic. One approach is to build consumers' trust, and ultimately to increase web sales. Many business-to-consumer online merchants follow this approach and display trust-promoting seals on their websites. However, whether these seals really fulfill the tasks they have promised has remained unexplored. This study empirically examines the influence of trust-promoting seals on consumers' online purchasing decisions. The results show that the trust-promoting seals are generally effective in promoting web sales, and some seals enhance promotion better than others.
The Fault Lines of Recontextualisation: The Limits of Constructivism in Education.

In this paper I explain and utilise Bernstein's theory of recontextualisation as a means to consider the influence of constructivism as one of the key ‘rulers of consciousness’ or recontextualising principles that has become hegemonic within education. In considering this influence I draw on the literature to clarify some of the confusion surrounding constructivism that has been utilised as a central theory for the curriculum and pedagogy. I suggest that in New Zealand there is a largely doxic acceptance of a romanticised and often confused view of constructivism developed in response to the lurking spectre of education as transmission. By drawing on three examples of tensions between official discourses and teacher autonomy I explore the lack of clarity surrounding constructivism and the implications for the ‘play’ of ideology and agency. I conclude by suggesting that constructivism has much to offer in developing approaches to pedagogy but serious limitations when applied to matters of epistemology and ontology. It is particularly important to clarify the limitations of constructivism before it morphs into a new twenty-first century future focused version of itself.
Differential interferences with clinical chemistry assays by gold nanorods, and gold and silica nanospheres

Abstract Nanomaterials are known to cause interference with several standard toxicological assays. As part of an in vivo study of PEG-coated gold nanorods in mice, nanorods were added to reference serum, and results for standard clinical chemistry parameters were compared with serum analyzed without nanorods. PEG-coated gold nanorods produced several concentration-dependent interferences. Comparisons were then made with PEG-coated gold and silica nanospheres. Interferences were observed for both materials that differed from gold nanorods. Removal of the particles from serum by centrifugation prior to analysis resolved most, but not all of the interferences. Additional clinical chemistry analyzers were used to further investigate trends in assay interference. We conclude that PEG-coated gold and silica nanoparticles can interfere with standard clinical chemistry tests in ways that vary depending upon material, shape, and specific assay methodology employed. Assay interferences by nanomaterials cannot always be predicted, underscoring the need to verify that nanomaterials under study do not interfere with methods used to evaluate potential biological effects.
A deductive technique for diagnosis of bridging faults

A deductive technique is presented that uses voltage testing for the diagnosis of single bridging faults between two gate input or output lines and is applicable to combinational or full-scan sequential circuits. For defects in this class of faults the method is accurate by construction while making no assumptions about the logic-level wired-AND/OR behaviour. A path-trace procedure starting from failing outputs deduces potential lines associated with the bridge. The information obtained from the path-trace from failing outputs is combined using an intersection graph to make further deductions. All candidate faults are implicitly represented, thereby obviating the need to enumerate faults and hence allowing the exploration of the space of all faults. Results are provided for all large ISCAS89 benchmark circuits.
Assessing the Publication Productivity of Clinical Psychology Professors in Canadian Psychological Association-Accredited Canadian Psychology Departments

Canadian clinical psychology professors in programs accredited by the Canadian Psychological Association (CPA) are generally expected to perform in 3 major domains–research, teaching, and service. Measurement of performance in these domains is complicated. Research productivity, as measured by publication and citation counts, are often touted as objective metrics for evaluating professorial research performance; however, such quantifications can be problematic. Despite concerns, evaluators continue to use publication and citation counts for evaluating psychology professors. Use of these metrics without normative data is extremely problematic; moreover, without ceiling reference points or identification of outliers, new professors and those evaluating them have no perspective on reasonable expectations. The current study provides normative data and ceiling reference points using publically available data for the 255 professors currently in CPA-accredited Canadian clinical psychology programs, as well as submissions from an invited subset of those same professors. The data were stratified by professorial rank and sex, with the men and women having the highest publication and citation counts identified to create ceiling references. The results suggest that most CPA-accredited Canadian clinical psychology professors publish between 0 and 4 articles annually. Men publish significantly more than women at the Assistant and Full professorial ranks (p .05), but not at the Associate rank (p .10). Evidence also suggests that professors cannot be appropriately rank-ordered based on any single research index. Comprehensive results, implications, limitations, contextually based caveats, and directions for future research are discussed.
How Can Schools of Education Help to Build Educators’ Capacity to Use Data? A Systemic View of the Issue

Background With the growing emphasis for educators to use data to inform their practice, little has been done to consider the means by which the educators can acquire the requisite data literacy skills. This article provides a context for why schools of education can and must play an important role in preparing teachers to use data. Purpose This article sought to understand if and how schools of education are preparing teacher candidates to use data effectively or responsibly. The study examined the extent to which schools of education teach stand-alone courses on data-driven decision making or integrate data use concepts into existing courses. It also examined state licensure and certification requirements to determine if and how data use is included in documentation. Population A stratified randomized sample of schools of education was drawn with 208 institutions responding, representing a 25.7% response rate. Research Design The survey portion of the study consisted of a stratified randomized sample of all schools or departments of education in the United States. The syllabus review was a voluntary part of the survey. The licensure review was a descriptive analysis of every state's documentation for teacher licensure and certification. Findings/Results The survey results indicated that a vast majority of the schools of education reported that they offered a stand-alone data course, and even more integrated data use into existing courses. The syllabus review provided a deeper dive into the course offerings and indicated that the courses were more about assessment literacy than data literacy. The licensure review yielded a plethora of skills and knowledge related to data that are included in state requirements. However, there was wide variation across states in their requirements. Conclusions Even though schools of education reported that they are teaching about data-driven decision making in their teacher preparation programs, the results indicate that the content is more about assessment literacy than data literacy. This finding is consistent with the often observed conflation of the two constructs. Licensure requirements include both data literacy and assessment literacy, but the emphasis is more on assessment than data. With the increasing emphasis by policy makers on the importance of educators using data, it is essential that schools of education begin to incorporate data concepts into their curricula and that states make explicit the data-related skills and knowledge required for teachers for licensure and certification.
Massively Parallel Multiview Stereopsis by Surface Normal Diffusion

We present a new, massively parallel method for high-quality multiview matching. Our work builds on the Patchmatch idea: starting from randomly generated 3D planes in scene space, the best-fitting planes are iteratively propagated and refined to obtain a 3D depth and normal field per view, such that a robust photo-consistency measure over all images is maximized. Our main novelties are on the one hand to formulate Patchmatch in scene space, which makes it possible to aggregate image similarity across multiple views and obtain more accurate depth maps. And on the other hand a modified, diffusion-like propagation scheme that can be massively parallelized and delivers dense multiview correspondence over ten 1.9-Megapixel images in 3 seconds, on a consumer-grade GPU. Our method uses a slanted support window and thus has no fronto-parallel bias, it is completely local and parallel, such that computation time scales linearly with image size, and inversely proportional to the number of parallel threads. Furthermore, it has low memory footprint (four values per pixel, independent of the depth range). It therefore scales exceptionally well and can handle multiple large images at high depth resolution. Experiments on the DTU and Middlebury multiview datasets as well as oblique aerial images show that our method achieves very competitive results with high accuracy and completeness, across a range of different scenarios.
Outcome of acute idiosyncratic drug‐induced liver injury: Long‐term follow‐up in a hepatotoxicity registry

A chronic adverse reaction may occur in some instances of drug‐induced liver injury (DILI), even despite drug cessation. In our study, we obtained records from a Spanish registry and evaluated cases of DILI with biochemical evidence of long‐term damage. Chronic outcome was defined as a persistent biochemical abnormality of hepatocellular pattern of damage more than 3 months after drug withdrawal or more than 6 months after cholestatic/mixed damage. Data on 28 patients with a chronic clinical evolution (mean follow‐up 20 months) between November 1995 and October 2005 were retrieved (18 female; overall mean age 55 yr) and accounted for 5.7% of total idiosyncratic DILI cases (n = 493) submitted to the registry. The main drug classes were cardiovascular and central nervous system (28.5% and 25%, respectively), which, in contrast, represented only 9.8% and 13%, respectively, of all DILI cases. The most frequent causative drugs were amoxicillin–clavulanate (4 of 69 cases), bentazepam (3 of 7 cases), atorvastatin (2 of 7 cases), and captopril (2 of 5 cases). Patients with cholestatic/mixed injury (18 of 194 cases [9%]) were more prone to chronicity than patients with hepatocellular injury (10 of 240 cases; P < .031). In the case of chronic hepatocellular injury, 3 patients progressed to cirrhosis and 2 to chronic hepatitis. In the cholestatic/mixed group, liver biopsy indicated cirrhosis in 1 patient and ductal lesions in 3 patients. In conclusion, cholestatic/mixed type of damage is more prone to become chronic while, in the hepatocellular pattern, the severity is greater. Cardiovascular and central nervous system drugs are the main groups leading to chronic liver damage. (HEPATOLOGY 2006;44:1581–1588.)
Bilingual Vocabulary Development of Turkish Preschoolers in the Netherlands

In a small-scale longitudinal study, the development of receptive and productive Dutch and Turkish vocabulary of 31 Turkish immigrant preschool children from age three to four was assessed and compared with Dutch vocabulary development of 77 same-age Dutch children. Using multivariate analysis of variance for repeated measurements, main and interaction effects of group (Turkish, Dutch working class and Dutch middle class) and time were tested. Turkish preschoolers' development of Turkish vocabulary appeared to be rather similar to Dutch lower-class children's Dutch vocabulary development. However, Turkish preschoolers' Dutch vocabulary development was further behind. Significant interaction effects of group and age furthermore indicated that the acceleration of Dutch vocabulary growth in Turkish children, due to increased use of day-care and preschool centres and, from the fourth birthday onward, introduction into kindergarten, wasnot paralleled by a similar acceleration of Turkish vocabulary growth. A correlational analysis with home characteristics provided further clues as to the possible determinants of Dutch and Turkish language development of the Turkish preschoolers in this study. The results are interpreted within the framework of Cummins' interdependency hypothesis.
Comparison of maximum lactate between Course Navette Test and Hoff Test in soccer players at 2600 meters above sea level

Introduction: Nowadays football (soccer) requires a high aerobic capacity and for its assessment the Test of Course Navette (TCN) has been widely used. However, other tests closer to the current conditions like the Test of Hoff (TH) have also been applied. The study assessed the maximum production of lactate using both tests in similar conditions. Materials and Methods: 17 male soccer players were evaluated twice. One time using the TCN and the other time using the TH. At both times lactate was assessed at rest and at the end of maximum heart rate and lactate. The differences were statistically evaluated by Wilcoxon T and its correlation via a linear regression. Results: The initial lactate values ​​were: TCN 4.9 ± 2.1 mmol/L and TH 4.2 ± 2.4 mmol/L, (p =0.162) Final lactate values: 11.6 ± TCN 3.3 mmol / L and TH 12.4 ± 3.8 mmol/L, (p =0.325), maximum heart rate 193.8 ± 9.3 beats TCN and TH: 188.1 ± 7.6 beats (p <0.05), the maximum speed reached at the TCN compared to the distance achieved by the TH, has a R 2 =0.55. Conclusion: TH is a test given under conditions closer to those of the game, and it has a strong relation with the TCN in the assessment of the aerobic capacity, without significant differences in the results of maximal lactate.
Thirty‐year gravity change at Mount Baker Volcano, Washington, USA: Extracting the signal from under the ice

Mount Baker in the Cascade Volcanic Arc displayed an unexplained period of increased fumarolic activity in 1975 and has since been quiescently degassing. We reoccupied gravity stations near the active crater and on the south flank of the volcano, initially measured in 1975–1981. We observe 1800 ± 300 μGal gravity increase at the crater since 1977. Estimates of snow and ice volume change suggest these environmental factors significantly mask gravity change due to magmatic and hydrothermal sources; correcting for environmental factors could double the observed gravity increase. Hydrothermal recharge, magma intrusion, and significant deflation are rejected as explanations for the source of the gravity change. Densification of a magma body emplaced in 1975 is consistent with our gravity observations and with deformation and degassing data. Shallow pyrite precipitation may also contribute to the gravity increase.
Evolution of tRNAPhe:imG2 methyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of wyosine derivatives in Archaea

Tricyclic wyosine derivatives are found at position 37 of eukaryotic and archaeal tRNAPhe. In Archaea, the intermediate imG-14 is targeted by three different enzymes that catalyze the formation of yW-86, imG, and imG2. We have suggested previously that a peculiar methyltransferase (aTrm5a/Taw22) likely catalyzes two distinct reactions: N1-methylation of guanosine to yield m1G; and C7-methylation of imG-14 to yield imG2. Here we show that the recombinant aTrm5a/Taw22-like enzymes from both Pyrococcus abyssi and Nanoarchaeum equitans indeed possess such dual specificity. We also show that substitutions of individual conservative amino acids of P. abyssi Taw22 (P260N, E173A, and R174A) have a differential effect on the formation of m1G/imG2, while replacement of R134, F165, E213, and P262 with alanine abolishes the formation of both derivatives of G37. We further demonstrate that aTrm5a-type enzyme SSO2439 from Sulfolobus solfataricus, which has no N1-methyltransferase activity, exhibits C7-methyltransferase activity, thereby producing imG2 from imG-14. We thus suggest renaming such aTrm5a methyltransferases as Taw21 to distinguish between monofunctional and bifunctional aTrm5a enzymes.
Computation of coherent optical flow by using multiple constraints

The optical flow constitutes one of the most widely adopted representations to define and characterize the evolution of image features over time. In order to compute the velocity field, it is necessary to define a set of constraints on the temporal change of image features. We consider the implications in using multiple constraints arising from multiple data points. The first step is the analysis of differential constraints and how they can be applied, locally, to compute the image velocity. This analysis allows to relate each constraint to a particular gray level pattern. This approach is extended to multiple image points, allowing also the characterization of the temporal behaviour of the image features and to detect erroneous measurements due to occlusions, depth discontinuities or shadows. Several experiments are presented from real image sequences. <<ETX>>