Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Education and Self-Rated Health

The cumulative advantage hypothesis predicts that the adulthood rate of decline in health differs across levels of education in a manner that progressively enlarges the health gap across most or all of adulthood. The rising importance hypothesis predicts that the differences across levels of education in the rate of health's decline have been growing for many decades. If both are correct, then each phenomenon tends to obscure the other when comparing the health gap across age groups in a particular year or period. The trend also can make it seem that health converges across levels of education in old age when it actually diverges. A latent-growth model of U.S. data from 1995, 1998, and 2001 supported both hypotheses. It also showed a trend toward lower age-specific self-rated health at all levels of education, but less so the higher the education. There was no significant convergence over time in older age groups.
A genetic algorithm based remaining lifetime prediction for a VLIW processor employing path delay and IDDX testing

In this paper, critical path-delay time, and quiescent and transient power-supply current testing have been applied to a 90nm VLIW processor, to predict the remaining lifetime of this processor. The test environment for validation, via implementing an accelerated test has been realized. The resulting delay and current measurement data is presented next, followed by applying a genetic algorithm (GA) to construct a lifetime prediction model for the processor. The calculated remaining lifetime predicted by power-supply testing is close to that of delay-time testing.
c-Met as a Prognostic Marker in Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background c-Met has been recognized as an important therapeutic target in gastric cancer, but the prognostic property of the c-Met status is still unclear. We aimed to characterize the prognostic effect of c-Met by systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We identified 15 studies assessing survival in gastric cancer by c-Met status. Effect measure of interest was hazard ratio (HR) for survival. Meta-regression was performed to estimate the relationship between HR and disease stage. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to account for heterogeneity. Results 15 eligible studies provided outcome data stratified by c-Met status in 2210 patients. Meta-analysis of the HRs indicated a significantly poorer Os in patients with high c-Met expression (average HR=2.112, 95%CI: 1.622–2.748). Subgroup analysis showed the prognostic effect of c-Met was identical in protein-level and gene-level based methodology. The same effect was also seen in Asian and Western ethnicity subgroup analysis. Meta-regression showed HR was not associated with disease stage. Conclusions Patients with tumors that harbor high c-Met expression are more likely to have a worse Os, with this prognostic effect independent of disease stage. c-Met status should be evaluated in clinical prognosis.
Fracture risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and possible risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Aim Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an increased risk of bone fractures. A variable increase in fracture risk has been reported depending on skeletal site, diabetes duration, study design, insulin use, and so on. The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between T2DM with fracture risk and possible risk factors. Methods Different databases including PubMed, Institute for Scientific Information, and Scopus were searched up to May 2016. All epidemiologic studies on the association between T2DM and fracture risk were included. The relevant data obtained from these papers were analyzed by a random effects model and publication bias was assessed by funnel plot. All analyses were done by R software (version 3.2.1) and STATA (version 11.1). Results Thirty eligible studies were selected for the meta-analysis. We found a statistically significant positive association between T2DM and hip, vertebral, or foot fractures and no association between T2DM and wrist, proximal humerus, or ankle fractures. Overall, T2DM was associated with an increased risk of any fracture (summary relative risk =1.05, 95% confidence interval: 1.04, 1.06) and increased with age, duration of diabetes, and insulin therapy. Conclusion Our findings strongly support an association between T2DM and increased risk of overall fracture. These findings emphasize the need for fracture prevention strategies in patients with diabetes.
The X-ray and radio connection in low-luminosity active nuclei

We present the results of the correlation between the nuclear 2–10 keV X-ray and radio (at 2 cm, 6 cm, and 20 cm) luminosities for a well-defined sample of local Seyfert galaxies. We use a sample of low luminosity radio galaxies (LLRGs) for comparison. In both Seyfert and LLRG samples, X-ray and radio luminosities are significantly correlated over 8 orders of magnitude, indicating that the X-ray and radio emission sources are strongly coupled. Moreover, both samples show a similar regression slope, LX ∝ L 0.97 R , but Seyfert galaxies are three orders of magnitude less luminous in the radio band than LLRGs. This suggests that either similar physical mechanisms are responsible for the observed emission or a combination of different mechanisms ends up producing a similar correlation slope. Indeed, the common belief for LLRG is that both the X-ray and radio emission are likely dominated by a relativistic jet component, while in Seyfert galaxies the X-ray emission probably arises from a disk-corona system and the radio emission is attributed to a jet/outflow component. We investigate the radio loudness issue in the two samples and find that the Seyfert galaxies and the LLRGs show a different distribution of the radio loudness parameters. No correlation is found between the luminosity and the radio loudness; however, the latter is related to the black hole mass and anti-correlated with the Eddington ratio. The dichotomy in the radio loudness between Seyfert and LLRG observed down to low Eddington ratios, L2−10 keV/LEdd ∼ 10 −8 , does not support the idea that the origin of the radio loudness is due to a switch in the accretion mode.
Assimilating IT Innovation: The Longitudinal Effects of Institutionalization and Resource Dependence

This study seeks to understand the longitudinal effects of external pressures on the assimilation of IT innovations in organizations, making the distinction between pressures from organizations' exchange partners and pressures from the institutional environment. Analyzing 11-year survey data on the adoption and usage of enterprise resource planning (ERP) in Fortune 1000 companies, I have found significant evidences for both sources of external pressures for ERP assimilation. Further, the effects of pressures from exchange partners depended on the extent to which ERP was legitimated as an appropriate organizational technology and practice. These findings not only resolve the long-time confounding of institutional theory and resource dependence theory, but also help delineate each theory's applicability in the operation of external factors on IT assimilation. Practically, this research helps guide practitioners to prioritize external pressures and align such pressures with their organizations' internal specifics.
Leadership Style, Policing and Perception of Corruption: A Comparative Preliminary Study within the Nigeria Police Force

The connection between leadership style, on the one hand, policing and perception of corruption, on the other hand, has received little attention in the literature on leadership theory and organizational processes. Hence, the aim of this study is to examine the relationship between transformational leadership and perception of corruption within the police institution, especially in this instance, the Nigeria Police Force. Based on a sampling process of cross sectional approach, the data were collected by administering questionnaires on 156 respondents in Alausa police district in Lagos State. The descriptive result shows that while transformational leadership is practiced in the Nigeria Police Force, the perceived level of corruption remains high. Though in varying degree, the results indicate a positive correlation between the attributes of transformational leadership (charisma, individualized consideration and intellectual stimulation) and the dimensions of corruption. While charisma consistently has a positive influence on the facets of corruption, individualized consideration and charisma influence the dimension of transparency within the police force. In addition, individualized consideration influences the facet of crime. Thus, transformational leadership seems to play an important, but complex role in the reduction of corrupt practices within the police institution. The findings were discussed in the specific contexts of transformational leadership theory, organizational practices and police corruption. The practical implications for organizational development, police reform and crusade against police deviances were also underscored.
Social networks and informal power in organizations

Onder welke omstandigheden verkrijgen individuen in een organisatie informele macht? En: onder welke omstandigheden beinvloedt informele macht de dynamiek van groepen (bijv. het ontstaan van vriendschappen) en heeft het gevolgen voor het individu (bijv. welzijn)? Daarover gaat het onderzoek van Alona Labun. Zij levert hiermee een theoretische bijdrage aan de introductie van een dynamische geintegreerde benadering van het onderzoek naar de oorzaken en gevolgen van informele invloed in organisaties. Labun combineert de verschillende theoretische perspectieven in een overkoepelend kader dat de aandacht vestigt op de cognitieve grondslagen van informele invloed. Door gebruik te maken van longitudinaal gemeten netwerkgegevens van twee contrasterende bestaande organisaties levert haar onderzoek nieuw inzicht in het belang van zichtbaarheid bij de ontwikkeling van informele invloed.
Self-Generated Emotions and Their Influence on Sprint Performance: An Investigation of Happiness and Anxiety

The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of self-generated emotions on sprinting times within the frameworks of Lazarus's (1991b, 2000b) cognitive-motivational-relational theory and Frederickson's (2001) broaden-and-build theory. Using self-generated emotions as an emotion induction method, 44 participants were asked to recall personal emotional episodes before sprinting and all participants took part in 3 emotion induction conditions: happiness, anxiety, and an emotion-neutral state. The results of 2 experiments indicated that the performance in the happiness condition was significantly greater compared to the anxiety condition and the emotion-neutral condition.
The Role of the Mass Media in the Integration of Migrants

The media have a profound effect on the worldview of their consumers and should be carefully considered in matters of immigration. Often, migrants are portrayed through a negative lens by the media and most usually as a homogenous group rather than as individuals. This article examines the portrayal of migrants in one particular context (Germany) and questions what the best ways would be for handling these negative images, especially but not only in education systems. The author concludes that perhaps the combination of viewing migrants as individual people, rather than as a homogenous group, as well as more positive media portrayal of migrant people, would lead to a more positive representation of migrants in society.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Bovine Host Genetic Variation Influences Rumen Microbial Methane Production with Best Selection Criterion for Low Methane Emitting and Efficiently Feed Converting Hosts Based on Metagenomic Gene Abundancebovine Host Genetic Variation Influences Rumen Microbial Methane Pro

General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact openaccess@ed.ac. uk providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract Methane produced by methanogenic archaea in ruminants contributes significantly to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The host genetic link controlling microbial methane production is unknown and appropriate genetic selection strategies are not developed. We used sire progeny group differences to estimate the host genetic influence on rumen microbial methane production in a factorial experiment consisting of crossbred breed types and diets. Rumen metagenomic profiling was undertaken to investigate links between microbial genes and methane emissions or feed conversion efficiency. Sire progeny groups differed significantly in their methane emissions measured in respiration chambers. Ranking of the sire progeny groups based on methane emissions or relative archaeal abundance was consistent overall and within diet, suggesting that archaeal abundance in ruminal digesta is under host genetic control and can be used to genetically select animals without measuring methane directly. In the metagenomic analysis of rumen contents, we identified 3970 microbial genes of which 20 and 49 genes were significantly associated with methane emissions and feed conversion efficiency respectively. These explained 81% and 86% of the respective variation and were clustered in distinct functional gene networks. Methano-genesis genes (e.g. mcrA and fmdB) were associated with methane emissions, whilst host-microbiome cross talk genes (e.g. TSTA3 and FucI) were associated with feed conversion efficiency. These results strengthen the idea that the host animal controls its own microbiota to a significant extent and open up the implementation of effective breeding strategies using rumen microbial gene abundance as a predictor for difficult-to-measure traits on a large Copyright: © 2016 Roehe et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. number of hosts. Generally, the …
Rrp 1 b , a New Candidate Susceptibility Gene for Breast Cancer Progression and Metastasis

A novel candidate metastasis modifier, ribosomal RNA processing 1 homolog B (Rrp1b), was identified through two independent approaches. First, yeast two-hybrid, immunoprecipitation, and functional assays demonstrated a physical and functional interaction between Rrp1b and the previous identified metastasis modifier Sipa1. In parallel, using mouse and human metastasis gene expression data it was observed that extracellular matrix (ECM) genes are common components of metastasis predictive signatures, suggesting that ECM genes are either important markers or causal factors in metastasis. To investigate the relationship between ECM genes and poor prognosis in breast cancer, expression quantitative trait locus analysis of polyoma middle-T transgene-induced mammary tumor was performed. ECM gene expression was found to be consistently associated with Rrp1b expression. In vitro expression of Rrp1b significantly altered ECM gene expression, tumor growth, and dissemination in metastasis assays. Furthermore, a gene signature induced by ectopic expression of Rrp1b in tumor cells predicted survival in a human breast cancer gene expression dataset. Finally, constitutional polymorphism within RRP1B was found to be significantly associated with tumor progression in two independent breast cancer cohorts. These data suggest that RRP1B may be a novel susceptibility gene for breast cancer progression and metastasis.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Sociotechnical Interventions: Antidote or Fad?

In spite of an official record of success, much uncertainty surrounds the mean effect of sociotechnical interventions on organizational effectiveness. A new technique, a meta-analysis, is used to estimate both this mean effect and its variation across 17 sociotechnical studies. Several contingency variables which may have moderated this mean effect are also examined. Results indicate that interventions that (1) involved the formation of autonomous instead of semi- or non-autonomous workgroups, (2) included an increase in monetary incentives, and (3) occurred in a non-U.S. country rather than in the U.S. led to greater increases in productivity. Conversely, sociotechnical interventions that also included a change in technology resulted in a smaller improvement in productivity and a smaller drop in escape behavior than interventions without a technological change. More importantly, a curvilinear relationship was uncovered between the duration of an intervention and productivity. This curvilinear relationship rejects the hypothesis that the positive outcomes of sociotechnical interventions are temporary and indicative of a “Hawthorne Effect. ”
Leadership Style, Confidence in Management, and Job Satisfaction

A sample of persons drawn from all functions and from all levels of two companies in the United Kingdom were invited to express a preference for one of four leadership styles-the tells, the sells, the consults, and the joins. Each respondent was then asked to state which style most closely described his own immediate manager. (Alternatively, he could reply that his own manager did not correspond at all closely to any of the styles.) These answers were then related to replies to other questions concerned with describing managerial behaviour and with measuring job satisfaction, satisfaction with the employing organisation, and confidence in management. The results indicate that the four descriptions of leadership styles are meaningful to people. The consultative style was the one most consistently preferred. Most people were able to see their own managers as fitting one of the four descriptions. Those who felt that their own managers did not correspond at all closely to any one of the four styles showed least confidence in management and relatively low job satisfaction. Their descriptions of managerial behaviour show that they regard their bosses as weak, indecisive, inconsistent, incompetent, and lacking in human relations skills.
Sibling Ties in Later Life

Using data from a study of 678 adults aged 55 and older, this article examines the role of siblings in four social support networks: confidants, companions, emotional support, and instrumental support, with a particular focus on the impact of gender and marital status on their role. Two types of analyses are used: probability analysis to determine the likelihood of specifying a given tie as a network member and compositional analysis of network membership. Three models of support (hierarchical compensatory, task specificity, functional specificity of relationships) are used to discuss the significant results regarding the probability of including a sibling in each network and the dominance of siblings in the overall composition of each network. The single, especially women, the childless, and widowed women stand out as having particularly involved sibling ties. Greatest support is found for the functional specificity model and for the value of combining probability and compositional analyses.
ON THE ACT OF BLINKING

1. It is shown, by an investigation of the movements of blinking in the normal individual, that the distribution of interblink periods (intervals between successive blinks measured in seconds) is remarkably constant for the individual under constant experimental conditions. 2 The movements are not reflex, and do not depend on the integrity of the second, third, fourth, fifth, or sixth cranial nerves. They are centrally controlled, and dependent on intermittent impulses passing from the region of the basal ganglia. 3. The rate of blinking is closely related to the “mental tension” of the subject at the time, and in all probability the movements constitute a kind of relief mechanism, whereby nervous energy, otherwise unutilised, passes into a highly facilitated path.
A Case for Coach Garfinkel: Decision Making and What We Already Know

The purpose of this article is to deconstruct the decision-making processes of sports coaches through the writings of the sociologist Harold Garfinkel. Specifically, the authors draw upon Garfinkel’s (1967) writings on jurors’ decision making to challenge current cognitivist bound conceptualization to better interpret coaches’ sense-making–why and how they make their decisions. The significance of the work lies in further deciphering the meaningful structures of daily coaching lives; within whose limits coaching decisions unfold. Following a brief review of literature related to coaches’ decision making, the principal tenets of Garfinkel’s work are outlined. This gives way to an examination of Erving Goffman’s (1974) work of “frames of reference” in terms of how coaches’ decision making can be developed and improved before a reflective conclusion summarizes the main points made and their implications for future coach education.
Arbutus unedo L.: Chemical and Biological Properties

Arbutus unedo L. (strawberry tree) has a circum-Mediterranean distribution, being found in western, central and southern Europe, north-eastern Africa (excluding Egypt and Libya) and the Canary Islands and western Asia. Fruits of the strawberry tree are generally used for preparing alcoholic drinks (wines, liqueurs and brandies), jams, jellies and marmalades, and less frequently eaten as fresh fruit, despite their pleasing appearance. An overview of the chemical composition of different parts of the plant, strawberry tree honey and strawberry tree brandy will be presented. The biological properties of the different parts of A. unedo and strawberry tree honey will be also overviewed.
Specific 12β-Hydroxylation of Cinobufagin by Filamentous Fungi

ABSTRACT Biotransformation of natural products has great potential for producing new drugs and could provide in vitro models of mammalian metabolism. Microbial transformation of the cytotoxic steroid cinobufagin was investigated. Cinobufagin could be specifically hydroxylated at the 12β-position by the fungus Alternaria alternata. Six products from a scaled-up fermentation were obtained by silica gel column chromatography and reversed-phase liquid chromatography and were identified as 12β-hydroxyl cinobufagin, 12β-hydroxyl desacetylcinobufagin, 3-oxo-12β-hydroxyl cinobufagin, 3-oxo-12β-hydroxyl desacetylcinobufagin, 12-oxo-cinobufagin, and 3-oxo-12α-hydroxyl cinobufagin. The last five products are new compounds. 12β-Hydroxylation of cinobufagin by A. alternata is a fast catalytic reaction and was complete within 8 h of growth with the substrate. This reaction was followed by dehydrogenation of the 3-hydroxyl group and then deacetylation at C-16. Hydroxylation at C-12β also was the first step in the metabolism of cinobufagin by a variety of fungal strains. In vitro cytotoxicity assays suggest that 12β-hydroxyl cinobufagin and 3-oxo-12α-hydroxyl cinobufagin exhibit somewhat decreased but still significant cytotoxic activities. The 12β-hydroxylated bufadienolides produced by microbial transformation are difficult to obtain by chemical synthesis.