Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A novel Hybrid Wavelet Neural Network and its performance evaluation

In this paper, we propose a novel single neural net-based classifier called hybrid wavelet neural networks (HWNN). HWNN makes good use of the characteristics of wavelet neural networks (WNN) and back-propagation neural networks (BPN), so that it inherits WNNpsilas capability in learning efficiency and BPNpsilas performance consistency in classification problems. We conducted k-fold cross validation (CV) to compare the performance of this single neural net classifier with some of the other existing multiple classifier systems (MCS) including logiboost Bayesian classifier (LBC), multistage neural networks ensemble (MNNE), and self-organizing neural Grove (SONG). The results show that HWNN achieves higher classification accuracy than the three methods being compared. Besides, HWNN is faster than SONG in terms of computation time. Furthermore, we augment HWNN by introducing an extra moment term in the learning process to further speed up the convergence of the learning. Both experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that this improved HWNN (iHWNN) actually outperforms HWNN in terms of classification accuracy and computation time.
Plastid signalling under multiple conditions is accompanied by a common defect in RNA editing in plastids

Retrograde signalling from the plastid to the nucleus, also known as plastid signalling, plays a key role in coordinating nuclear gene expression with the functional state of plastids. Inhibitors that cause plastid dysfunction have been suggested to generate specific plastid signals related to their modes of action. However, the molecules involved in plastid signalling remain to be identified. Genetic studies indicate that the plastid-localized pentatricopeptide repeat protein GUN1 mediates signalling under several plastid signalling-related conditions. To elucidate further the nature of plastid signals, investigations were carried out to determine whether different plastid signal-inducing treatments had similar effects on plastids and on nuclear gene expression. It is demonstrated that norflurazon and lincomycin treatments and the plastid protein import2-2 (ppi2-2) mutation, which causes a defect in plastid protein import, all resulted in similar changes at the gene expression level. Furthermore, it was observed that these three treatments resulted in defective RNA editing in plastids. This defect in RNA editing was not a secondary effect of down-regulation of pentatricopeptide repeat protein gene expression in the nucleus. The results indicate that these three treatments, which are known to induce plastid signals, affect RNA editing in plastids, suggesting an unprecedented link between plastid signalling and RNA editing.
Modelové sebeobranné situace ve školní tělesné výchově

Skolni tělesna výchova ma mit přesah přes vice vyucovacich předmětů. Sebeobrana nema být pouze tělesným cvicenim. Důležite je i hrani modelových sebeobranných situaci. Žaci se uci hrat nejenom roli obrance, ale i utocnika.
Pengaruh pembelajaran kewirausahan melalui business center, prakerin, dan latar belakang keluarga terhadap kompetensi berwirausaha

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh: (1) pembelajaran kewirausahaan melalui business center, (2) prakerin, (3) latar belakang keluarga, dan (4) pembelajaran kewirausahaan melalui business center, prakerin, dan latar belakang keluarga secara bersama-sama terhadap kompetensi berwirausaha. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian asosiatif kausal. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI SMK Negeri kelompok bismen di Kota Yogyakarta. Sampel sebanyak 221 siswa ditentukan menggunakan teknik random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan dokumentasi dan angket. Data variabel dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif. Pengaruh setiap variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat dianalisis dengan statistik regresi sederhana dan regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) pembelajaran kewirausahaan melalui business center berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kompetensi berwirausaha siswa SMK (0,000<0,05); (2) prakerin berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kompetensi berwirausaha siswa SMK (0,000<0,05); (3) latar belakang keluarga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kompetensi berwirausaha siswa SMK (0,000<0,05); (4) pembelajaran kewirausahaan melalui business center, prakerin, dan latar belakang keluarga secara besama-sama berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kompetensi berwirausaha siswa SMK (0,000<0,05). THE EFFECT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP TEACHING THROUGH A BUSINESS CENTRE, PRATICAL WORK, AND FAMILY BACKGROUND ON THE ENTREPRENEURSHIP COMPETENCE Abstract This research is aimed to reveal the effect of: (1) entrepreneurship teaching through business centre; (2) practical work; (3) family background; (4) entrepreneurship teaching through a business centre, practical work, and family background on the entrepreneurship competence. This is an associative causal research. The population was all graduate XI students of state vocational high school of business and management group in Yogyakarta City. A sample of 221 students was established using the proportional random sampling technique. The data were collected through documentation and questionnaire. The variable data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics. The effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable was analyzed using the simple and multiple regression statistics. The result of the research shows that: (1) entrepreneurship teaching through business centre gives a positive and significant effect on vocational high school students’ entrepreneurship competence (0.000<0.05); (2) practical work gives a positive and significant effect on vocational high school students’ entrepreneurship competence (0.000<0.05); (3) family background gives a positive and significant effect on vocational high school students’ entrepreneurship competence (0.000<0.05); (4) entrepreneurship teaching through business centre, practical work, and family background provide a positive and significant effect on vocational high school students’ entrepreneurship competence (0.000 < 0.05).
A Perspective on the Field of Organization Development and Change

Essentially, and perhaps arguably, there has been no innovation in the social technology of organization development (OD) since appreciative inquiry originated in 1987. It is as if the creative work of OD is done. Moreover, it is as if the mission of OD—to loosen tightly coupled systems, think large bureaucracies—has largely been achieved. Decentralization, involvement, and autonomy on the job are commonplace in many organizations. There is a paradox, however. The need for expertise in organization change has never been greater, and OD has so much to contribute, yet the failure rate for organization change efforts is around 70%, and for mergers and acquisitions the failure rate is even larger. The premise of this article is that there is much work yet to be done. We who identify ourselves with the field of OD have unfinished business. As research on the Zeigarnik effect showed, we tend to remember things undone more than we remember things that have been completed. A purpose of this article is to create a Zeigarnik effect. Four domains of unfinished business in the field are identified and explored. There are no doubt many other domains, but these four definitely need attention. We need to know much more than we now know about how to (a) work with loosely coupled systems, (b) change the culture of an organization, (c) identify and deal with perceived resistance to change more effectively, and (d) get leadership development right—it is not about training.
TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA2, a Trichome and Seed Coat Development Gene of Arabidopsis, Encodes a WRKY Transcription Factor Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.001404.

Mutants of a new gene, TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA2 (TTG2), show disruptions to trichome development and to tannin and mucilage production in the seed coat. The gene was tagged by the endogenous transposon Tag1 and shown to encode a WRKY transcription factor. It is the first member of this large, plant-specific family known to control morphogenesis. The functions of all other WRKY genes revealed to date involve responses to pathogen attack, mechanical stress, and senescence. TTG2 is strongly expressed in trichomes throughout their development, in the endothelium of developing seeds (in which tannin is later generated) and subsequently in other layers of the seed coat, and in the atrichoblasts of developing roots. TTG2 acts downstream of the trichome initiation genes TTG1 and GLABROUS1, although trichome expression of TTG2 continues to occur if they are inactivated. Later, TTG2 shares functions with GLABRA2 in controlling trichome outgrowth. In the seed coat, TTG2 expression requires TTG1 function in the production of tannin. Finally, TTG2 also may be involved in specifying atrichoblasts in roots redundantly with other gene(s) but independently of TTG1 and GLABRA2.
Countering Adversarial Images using Input Transformations

This paper investigates strategies that defend against adversarial-example attacks on image-classification systems by transforming the inputs before feeding them to the system. Specifically, we study applying image transformations such as bit-depth reduction, JPEG compression, total variance minimization, and image quilting before feeding the image to a convolutional network classifier. Our experiments on ImageNet show that total variance minimization and image quilting are very effective defenses in practice, in particular, when the network is trained on transformed images. The strength of those defenses lies in their non-differentiable nature and their inherent randomness, which makes it difficult for an adversary to circumvent the defenses. Our best defense eliminates 60% of strong gray-box and 90% of strong black-box attacks by a variety of major attack methods
[Epidemiological study on developmental delay of 18-month-old children from four districts/counties in Beijing].

OBJECTIVE To investigate epidemiological characteristics of prevalence, impact factors and etiology on developmental delay of 18-month-old children from four districts/counties in Beijing. METHODS An epidemiological study on developmental delay was designed to investigate all the 18-month-old children enrolled from Shunyi,Daxing,Miyun and Yanqing districts/counties in Beijing from May to September, 2011. Combining the tertiary network of child health with hospital clinical study was used. Child developmental questionnaires were completed by doctors in communities of the first network of child health. Gesell Developmental Schedules for children with Denver developmental screening test (DDST) screening positive results were assessed by doctors in districts/counties hospitals of the second network of child health. The children diagnosed as developmental delay were transferred to the tertiary hospitals of the third network of child health for further etiological diagnosis, follow-up and developmental evaluation. The case-control study compared between children with/without developmental delay were performed in accordance with the 1:4 ratios by gender and residence community matched. SPSS 16.0 was adopted for data analysis of the case-control study. RESULTS A total of 3 182 children were screened among the 4 037 children fitting the criteria,and the coverage rate was 78.8% (3 182/4 037). Of the 3 182 screened children, 22 children were diagnosed as developmental delay. The prevalence rate was 6.91 ‰ (22/3 182). Out of the 22 children with developmental delay, 15 were boys and 7 were girls. The sex ratio was 2.1:1. The prevalence rates of the children with developmental delay in Shunyi, Daxing, Miyun and Yanqing were 3.45 ‰ (4/1 160), 4.50 ‰(5/1 111), 15.87 ‰(7/441) and 12.77 ‰ (6/479), respectively. The results from one-way ANOVA analysis showed the main risk factors in children with developmental delay included low-income families, mothers' low educational level, small size for gestational age infant, multiple fetuses, serious diseases after birth, congenital malformations and physical retardation (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The screening coverage rate of this study is 78.8%. The prevalence rate of children with developmental delay is 6.91 ‰, which is significantly different in sex ratio and districts of the subjects. The etiology of developmental delay might be associated with social-economic and biological factors.
The Tropical Marine Boundary Layer Under a Deep Convection System: a Large‐Eddy Simulation Study

The tropical marine PBL under the influence of a deep convection system is investigated using a large‐domain LES that resolves a wide range of scales, from mesoscale cloud clusters down to energy‐containing turbulence. The simulated PBL is dominated by both turbulence and cloud‐induced cold‐pools. The variance of vertical velocity in the PBL resides mostly in the turbulence scales while that of water vapor mixing ratio resides mostly at the cold‐pool scales; however, both turbulence and cold‐pool scales contribute about equally to their covariance. The broad scale range of the LES flow field is decomposed into the filtered (i.e., cloud system) and the subfilter (i.e., small convection and turbulence) components using a Gaussian filter with various filter widths. Such decomposed flow fields are used to retrieve information of spatial distribution of the subfilter‐scale fluxes and their relationship to the filtered field. This information is then used to evaluate the performance of an eddy‐viscosity model commonly used in cloud‐resolving models. The subfilter‐scale fluxes computed from the eddy‐viscosity model correlate reasonably with those retrieved from the LES in the lower cloud layer but not in the PBL; the correlation coefficients between the modeled and the retrieved fluxes are about 0.5 in the lower cloud layer but smaller than 0.2 in the PBL.
Sex‐specific disruptions in spatial memory and anhedonia in a “two hit” rat model correspond with alterations in hippocampal brain‐derived neurotrophic factor expression and signaling

Post‐mortem studies have demonstrated reduced expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus of schizophrenia and major depression patients. The “two hit” hypothesis proposes that two or more major disruptions at specific time points during development are involved in the pathophysiology of these mental illnesses. However, the role of BDNF in these “two hit” effects is unclear. Our aim was to behaviorally characterize a “two hit” rat model of developmental stress accompanied by an in‐depth assessment of BDNF expression and signalling. Wistar rats were exposed to neonatal maternal separation (MS) stress and/or adolescent/young‐adult corticosterone (CORT) treatment. In adulthood, models of cognitive and negative symptoms of mental illness were analyzed. The hippocampus was then dissected into dorsal (DHP) and ventral (VHP) regions and analyzed by qPCR for exon‐specific BDNF gene expression or by Western blot for BDNF protein expression and downstream signaling. Male “two hit” rats showed marked disruptions in short‐term spatial memory (Y‐maze) which were absent in females. However, female “two hit” rats showed signs of anhedonia (sucrose preference test), which were absent in males. Novel object recognition and anxiety (elevated plus maze) were unchanged by either of the two “hits”. In the DHP, MS caused a male‐specific increase in BDNF Exons I, II, IV, VII, and IX mRNA but a decrease in mature BDNF and phosphorylated TrkB (pTrkB) protein expression in adulthood. In the VHP, BDNF transcript expression was unchanged; however, in female rats only, MS significantly decreased mature BDNF and pTrkB protein expression in adulthood. These data demonstrate that MS causes region‐specific and sex‐specific long‐term effects on BDNF expression and signaling and, importantly, mRNA expression does not always infer protein expression. Alterations to BDNF signaling may mediate the sex‐specific effects of developmental stress on anhedonic behaviors. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Judgments of the Features of Friendship among Early Adolescent Boys and Girls

Sex differences in children's impressions of the features of friendship were examined in a study of 201 fourth-grade and seventh-grade boys and girls. The subjects read descriptions of hypothetical pairs of boys and hypothetical pairs of girls, and rated each pair on a five-point scale according to the likelihood that they were friends. The characters in each dyad were described as being either similar or not similar to each other, helpful or not helpful to one another, and intimate or not intimate with each other. Both boys and girls made judgements about dyads of each sex, thus making it possible to assess differences between boys' and girls' friendship conceptions in general, and to consider differences in the ratings of the hypothetical boy dyads versus hypothetical girl dyads made by raters of both sexes. An examination of the subjects' ratings revealed (a) differences between the ratings of the similar and nonsimilar pairs, the helpful and nonhelpful pairs, and the intimate and nonintimate pairs, (b) stronger effects for intimacy among older subjects than the younger subjects, (c) stronger effects for intimacy in the ratings of the sentences with girl characters relative to those with boy characters, (d) stronger effects for similarity with the boy dyads than the girl dyads among the older subjects, and (e) interactions among the friendship features. These results are discussed in regard to the relation between social cognition and social behavior, and according to the nature of sex differences in friendship during early adolescence.
Climate and Behavior: A Biocultural Study

Relatively neglected in the growing number of human ecological studies is the consideration of direct environmental effects on the behavioral and psychological adaptations of individuals. This paper presents some tentative cross-cultural and cross-national evidence relating one environmental variable--climate--to both behavioral and psychocultural processes. Some support for the hypothesis that the amount of emotional expression or "level of arousal? co-varies predictably with climate and weather is offered, and alternative explanations and discussions of this hypothesis are explored.
The Effects of Music Tempo on Driver Risk Taking

The effect of music tempo was investigated to determine its effects on risk taking on roadways and performance in a driving simulator. Eighty participants completed a demographic questionnaire about driving history and then were put into 1 of 4 music conditions: no music (control), slow tempo, medium tempo and high tempo. Participants were then tested using two measures of risky driving behaviour: the Vienna Risk-Taking Test Traffic (WRBTV, a subtest of the Vienna Test System (a computer based driving program that measure’s risk taking based on reaction times) and DriveSim, a computerbased driving simulator. As predicted on the WRBTV, significant differences between the control group of no music and some of the tempo conditions were obtained with risktaking increasing as music tempo increased. The DriveSim simulator found significant differences indicating that speeding was lower in the slower tempo group compared to the medium tempo condition.
DAG-Recurrent Neural Networks for Scene Labeling

In image labeling, local representations for image units are usually generated from their surrounding image patches, thus long-range contextual information is not effectively encoded. In this paper, we introduce recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to address this issue. Specifically, directed acyclic graph RNNs (DAG-RNNs) are proposed to process DAG-structured images, which enables the network to model long-range semantic dependencies among image units. Our DAG-RNNs are capable of tremendously enhancing the discriminative power of local representations, which significantly benefits the local classification. Meanwhile, we propose a novel class weighting function that attends to rare classes, which phenomenally boosts the recognition accuracy for non-frequent classes. Integrating with convolution and deconvolution layers, our DAG-RNNs achieve new state-of-the-art results on the challenging SiftFlow, CamVid and Barcelona benchmarks.
Robust joint precoder/receive filter designs for multiuser MIMO downlink

In this paper, we consider robust joint linear precoder/receive filter designs for multiuser multi-input multi-output (MIMO) downlink that minimize the sum mean square error (SMSE) in the presence of imperfect channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). The base station (BS) is equipped with multiple transmit antennas, and each user terminal is equipped with one or more receive antennas. We consider a stochastic error (SE) model and a norm-bounded error (NBE) model for the CSIT error. In the case of CSIT error following SE model, we compute the desired downlink precoder/receive filter matrices by solving the simpler uplink problem by exploiting the uplink-downlink duality for the MSE region. In the case of the CSIT error following the NBE model, we consider the worst-case SMSE as the objective function, and propose an iterative algorithm for the robust transceiver design. The robustness of the proposed algorithms to imperfections in CSIT is illustrated through simulations.
Uveal melanoma expression of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors and susceptibility to TRAIL-induced apoptosis.

PURPOSE The study had two purposes: to examine the expression of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors on uveal melanoma cells and metastases arising from uveal melanoma and to determine the susceptibility of uveal melanoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. METHODS Nine human uveal melanoma cell lines and three cell lines derived from uveal melanoma metastases were examined for TRAIL receptor expression by flow cytometry. In vitro apoptosis assays were performed to determine the relative susceptibility of uveal melanoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Annexin V staining was also used to determine the capacity of either cycloheximide or interferon-beta to enhance TRAIL-induced apoptosis. RESULTS Five of the nine uveal melanoma cell lines expressed TRAIL-R2 on more than 60% of the cells. All three of the cell lines derived from uveal melanoma metastases expressed TRAIL-R2 on more than 50% of the cells. Cycloheximide exerted a profound effect in enhancing TRAIL-induced apoptosis in all but two of the uveal melanoma cell lines and in all three of the metastases cell lines. Interferon-beta produced a similar enhancement of TRAIL-induced apoptosis, even in cell lines that were previously shown to be resistant. CONCLUSIONS TRAIL is a potentially useful therapeutic modality for the management of uveal melanomas and their metastases. Moreover, pharmacological agents and biological response modifiers that independently display antineoplastic properties can enhance TRAIL-induced apoptosis in resistant uveal melanoma cells.