Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Job-related stress, social support, and burnout among classroom teachers.

In this study we examined the effects of job-related stressful events and social support on burnout among teachers. We conducted a mail survey of a random sample of public school teachers in Iowa. Consistent with findings in previous research, teacher characteristics such as age, sex, and grade level taught were predictive of burnout. We also found that the number of stressful events experienced and social support were predictive of teacher burnout. Some evidence of the stress-moderating role of social support was also found. Teachers who reported that they had supportive supervisors and indicated that they received positive feedback concerning their skills and abilities from others were less vulnerable to burnout. We discuss the implications of these findings for programs aimed at preventing teacher bumouL
Improving employees' work centrality improves organizational performance: work events and work centrality relationships

High work centrality is related to positive performance and behaviour of employees. This unique paper discusses a longitudinal study, comparing change in work centrality among individuals who experienced meaningful work events to individuals who did not experience these events, over the course of twelve years. The findings indicate that not experiencing expressive work events (which leads to an improvement in autonomy, interest, variety, and responsibility) reduces work centrality, whereas work events such as promotion, advancement (including to a managerial position) and qualifications, are effected by high work centrality. Work events, such as improvement in pay, working conditions, and interpersonal relations at work, had no effect on those who experienced them and those who did not. The theoretical and practical implications for Human Resources Development (HRD) are discussed.
Day labourers as entrepreneurs?

The literature on entrepreneurship is primarily elitist, placing a large emphasis on rm size and location, innovation, proprietorship, and capital start-up. Missing from this body of literature are the temporary, low-wage self-employed. Using day labourers as a case study, I challenge the narrow and conceptually problematic de nitions of entrepreneurship while also countering popular perceptions of day labour. Drawing upon 481 randomly surveyed day labourers, ethnographic eld notes and in-depth interviews, I empirically show that a significant segment of the day labour population comprises an entrepreneurial class. I argue that day labourers t into the class of entrepreneurs known as survivalist entrepreneurs. Day labourers show characteristics of both value and disadvantaged survivalist entrepreneurs in their day-to-day search for employment. I conclude that a larger number of day labourers fall under the 'disadvantaged' rubric of survivalist entrepreneurs, with the remainder undertaking this form of employment for reasons of choice and other attributes congruent with their labour market and personal values related to autonomy and exibility.
Fixed-Sequence and Circular-Causal Models of Relationship Development: Divergent Views on the Role of Communication in Intimacy.

This study examines fixed-sequence and circular-causal models of relationship development. Fixed-sequence models view beliefs, attitudes, and values as relatively static and enduring traits of individuals and view the function of communication as primarily expressive. Circular-causal models, by contrast, emphasize that beliefs, attitudes, and values are dynamic elements subject to transformation within the context of intimacy and view communication as a medium for reality construction. A longitudinal study of 104 couples tested predictions from a circular-causal conception of relationship development. A repeated measures analysis of covariance indicated that, after controlling for changes in relationship commitment and satisfaction, couples became significantly more similar in their beliefs, attitudes, and values over a six-month period.
Effect of nutrient limitation on adhesion characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes a variety of diseases in humans including lung and ocular infections. Infections of the cornea are usually associated with wearing contact lenses and can result in loss of vision. This study aimed to determine the effect of carbon or nitrogen limitation on the adhesion to contact lenses of a strain of Ps. aeruginosa isolated from contact lens‐related corneal inflammation. Cells were grown in a continuous culture apparatus in varying levels of glucose or ammonia to effect nutrient limitation. Adhesion to contact lenses was measured as total counts and viable counts. The cell surface hydrophobicity and charge were measured using adhesion to surface‐modified Sepharose. Changes in lipopolysaccharide were determined using 1D SDS‐PAGE and changes in cell‐surface proteins were measured using 2D gel electrophoresis. The more the cultures were nitrogen limited, the greater the increase in adhesion to unworn hydrogel contact lenses 0·3 × 103–2·2 × 103 cells/mm2 on Etafilon A lenses. Cells that were carbon limited showed a greater increase in adhesion to contact lenses when the lenses had been coated in artificial tears. It appeared that lipopolysccharide may have been involved in the constitutive adhesion to unworn lenses that occurred during C‐limitation, whereas changes in the outer membrane proteins contributed to the increased adhesion under nitrogen limitation, or the change in adhesion that occurred to carbon‐limited cells using contact lenses coated in artificial tears. Nine cell‐surface proteins appeared during nitrogen limitation with kDa/pI of 75/4·8, 4·9, 5·0; 62/5·6; 89/6·5; 38/6·4; 28/1·5; 18/6·4; 12/4·5. Any or all of these may have been involved in the increased adhesion and further experiments are underway to examine this possibility.
Liability as a function of plaintiff and defendant fault.

Five groups of fictitious case outlines were prepared about a plaintiff who sued a defendant for damages. Within each group of cases, we independently manipulated evidence about the apparent fault (here labeled the propensity to fault) in the plaintiffs conduct and in the defendant's conduct, as well as evidence about the severity of the harm. Subjects rated the responsibility of the plaintiff and the defendant for the harm and assessed the liability against the defendant. The data were consistent with a hierarchical model of identification and attributional processes in which propensity influences responsibility, which in turn, influences liability. Analyses based on a measure of relative responsibility suggested that the rule, liability should be proportional to fault, was an inadequate description of the data. This finding is discussed in the context of the legal doctrines of contributory and comparative negligence.
Gender differences in adolescents' self-concepts of assertion and affiliation

In order to assess gender differences and developmental changes in self-perceptions of affiliation, negative affiliation, and assertiveness in adolescence, 55 American 7th graders (13-year-olds) and 35 American 10th graders (16-year-olds) were interviewed annually for four and three years, respectively. Rating themselves in 11 different roles, girls perceived themselves as more affiliative and less negatively affiliative in many roles than boys did, but gender differences in assertion were not reliable and girls' assertiveness did not decline over time. These results contrast with popular claims regarding girls' “loss of voice” in adolescence. Gender differences were context-specific, and were most pronounced in ratings of “myself as a boy/girl” and “myself with a close same-sex peer. ”
Retinotopic Organization of Human Ventral Visual Cortex

Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown that human ventral visual cortex anterior to human visual area V4 contains two visual field maps, VO-1 and VO-2, that together form the ventral occipital (VO) cluster (Brewer et al., 2005). This cluster is characterized by common functional response properties and responds preferentially to color and object stimuli. Here, we confirm the topographic and functional characteristics of the VO cluster and describe two new visual field maps that are located anterior to VO-2 extending across the collateral sulcus into the posterior parahippocampal cortex (PHC). We refer to these visual field maps as parahippocampal areas PHC-1 and PHC-2. Each PHC map contains a topographic representation of contralateral visual space. The polar angle representation in PHC-1 extends from regions near the lower vertical meridian (that is the shared border with VO-2) to those close to the upper vertical meridian (that is the shared border with PHC-2). The polar angle representation in PHC-2 is a mirror reversal of the PHC-1 representation. PHC-1 and PHC-2 share a foveal representation and show a strong bias toward representations of peripheral eccentricities. Both the foveal and peripheral representations of PHC-1 and PHC-2 respond more strongly to scenes than to objects or faces, with greater scene preference in PHC-2 than PHC-1. Importantly, both areas heavily overlap with the functionally defined parahippocampal place area. Our results suggest that ventral visual cortex can be subdivided on the basis of topographic criteria into a greater number of discrete maps than previously thought.
Improving the uptake of predictive testing and colorectal screening in Lynch syndrome: a regional primary care survey

Lynch syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant cancer predisposition syndrome with a 60–80% lifetime risk of colorectal cancer. We assessed the uptake of predictive testing and colorectal screening among first‐degree relatives (FDRs) in LS families and explored novel methods for informing and engaging at‐risk relatives. Uptake of predictive testing was explored using Kaplan–Meier analysis and engagement with colorectal screening was ascertained. A questionnaire was distributed to 216 general practitioners (GPs) of registered LS family members to determine their prior experience and opinion of an enhanced role. Of 591, 329 (55.7%) FDRs had undergone predictive testing. Uptake was significantly lower in males (p = 0.012) and individuals <25 years (p < 0.001). Mutation carriers were more likely to undergo colorectal screening than untested FDRs (97.2% vs 34.9%; P ≤ 0.0001). Of 216, 63 (29.2%) questionnaires were returned. Most GPs (55/63; 87.3%) were not confident to discuss the details of LS with patients and relatives. The main barriers were lack of knowledge and concerns about confidentiality. Compliance with colorectal screening is excellent following a mutation positive predictive test. Uptake of predictive testing could be substantially improved, particularly among males and younger age groups. GPs are unlikely to actively participate in communication with at‐risk relatives without considerable support.
Characteristics, Management, and Outcomes of Acute Heart Failure in the Emergency Department: A Multicenter Registry Study with 1-year Follow-up in a Chinese Cohort in Beijing

Background: The emergency department (ED) has a pivotal influence on the management of acute heart failure (AHF), but data concerning current ED management are scarce. This Beijing AHF Registry Study investigated the characteristics, ED management, and short- and long-term clinical outcomes of AHF. Methods: This prospective, multicenter, observational study consecutively enrolled 3335 AHF patients who visited 14 EDs in Beijing from January 1, 2011, to September 23, 2012. Baseline data on characteristics and management were collected in the EDs. Follow-up data on death and readmissions were collected until November 31, 2013, with a response rate of 92.80%. The data were reported as median (interquartile range) for the continuous variables, or as number (percentage) for the categorical variables. Results: The median age of the enrolled patients was 71 (58–79) years, and 46.84% were women. In patients with AHF, coronary heart disease (43.27%) was the most common etiology, and myocardium ischemia (30.22%) was the main precipitant. Most of the patients in the ED received intravenous treatments, including diuretics (79.28%) and vasodilators (74.90%). Fewer patients in the ED received neurohormonal antagonists, and 25.94%, 31.12%, and 33.73% of patients received angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers, and spironolactone, respectively. The proportions of patients who were admitted, discharged, left against medical advice, and died were 55.53%, 33.58%, 7.08%, and 3.81%, respectively. All-cause mortalities at 30 days and 1 year were 15.30% and 32.27%, respectively. Conclusions: Substantial details on characteristics and ED management of AHF were investigated. The clinical outcomes of AHF patients were dismal. Thus, further investigations of ED-based therapeutic approaches for AHF are needed.
Discretization-free Knowledge Gradient Methods for Bayesian Optimization

This paper studies Bayesian ranking and selection (RS (ii) the setting where derivative information is available in the optimization process (derivative-enabled knowledge gradient). In numerical experiments, we demonstrate that the discretization-free knowledge gradient method finds global optima significantly faster than previous Bayesian optimization algorithms on both synthetic test functions and real-world applications, especially when function evaluations are noisy; and derivative-enabled knowledge gradient can further improve the performances, even outperforming the gradient-based optimizer such as BFGS when derivative information is available.
Bar-Driven Mass Build-Up within the Central 50pc of NGC6946

We have used the new extended A configuration of the IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer to study the dense molecular gas in the nucleus of the nearby spiral galaxy NGC6946 at unprecedented spatial resolution in the HCN(1-0) and CO(2-1) lines. The gas distribution in the central 50pc has been resolved and is consistent with a gas ring or spiral driven by the inner 400pc long stellar bar. For the first time, it is possible to directly compare the location of (dense) giant molecular clouds with that of (optically) visible HII regions in space-based images. We use the 3mm continuum and the HCN emission to estimate in the central 50pc the star formation rates in young clusters that are still embedded in their parent clouds and hence are missed in optical and near-IR surveys of star formation. The amount of embedded star formation is about 1.6 times as high as that measured from HII regions alone, and appears roughly evenly split between ongoing dust-obscured star formation and very young giant molecular cloud cores that are just beginning to form stars. The build-up of central mass seems to have continued over the past > 10 Myrs, to have occurred in an extended (albeit small) volume around the nucleus, and to be closely related to the presence of an inner bar.
Effect of commercially available PMSG on maturation, fertilization and embryo development of buffalo oocytes in vitro.

In vitro fertilization (IVF) technology provides an opportunity to produce embryos for genetic manipulation, embryo transfer and basic research in developmental physiology, and can be exploited for emerging biotechnologies such as transgenesis and cloning. In the present study, the effects of different concentrations of commercially available pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) (Folligon; Intervet, International B.V, Boxmeer, Holland) in oocyte culture media, on maturation, fertilization and embryonic development of buffalo oocytes in vitro were investigated. Oocytes aspirated from abattoir-derived ovaries were cultured in media containing TCM-199 + PMSG at 0, 2.5, 20, 30, 40 and 50 IU mL(-1) in presence or absence of steer serum (10%) for 24 h in a CO2 incubator. The maturation rate was assessed on the basis of degree of expansion of cumulus cells. The matured oocytes were inseminated with 9-10 x 10(6) spermatozoa mL(-1) in Brackett and Oliphant medium and the cleavage rate was recorded 40-42 h after insemination. Uncleaved oocytes were stained with aceto-orcein for evaluation of fertilization rates. The cleaved embryos were further cultured in TCM-199 + 10% steer serum on buffalo oviducal cell monolayer for 7 days. Maturation, fertilization, cleavage and embryonic development were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in oocytes cultured in TCM-199 + 10% steer serum supplemented with 40 and 50 IU PMSG mL(-1). It is concluded that commercially available PMSG can effectively be used in place of pure follicle-stimulating hormone for in vitro maturation of buffalo oocytes, making it cost effective for IVF studies.
Military occupation and deployment: descriptive epidemiology of active duty U.S. Army men evaluated for a disability discharge.

OBJECTIVE Physically demanding jobs and history of deployment put Soldiers at increased risk for injury, hospitalizations, and disability. Characterizing differences in disability outcomes by occupation and deployment history may identify specific military populations for targeted prevention and intervention programs as well as potential areas of future research. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on U.S. Army enlisted men evaluated in the Department of Defense's Disability Evaluation System (DES) between fiscal years 2005 and 2011, comparing those assigned a Combat Arms military occupational specialty (MOS) to individuals with any other MOS (Other). RESULTS Among deployed Soldiers, those with Combat Arms MOS were substantially and significantly more likely to receive medical disability retirement than Other MOS and were more likely to be evaluated for conditions compatible with combat exposures, including post-traumatic stress disorder, residuals of traumatic brain injury, and paralysis. Among nondeployed Soldiers, Combat Arms MOS were only slightly more likely to receive medical disability than Other MOS, and no substantial differences in medical conditions were noted between the two MOS groups. CONCLUSIONS Combat Arms MOS is a significant risk factor for disability retirement primarily among deployed men. Further research is needed to identify specific military occupations most at risk for disability retirement.
Induction of Interferon-γ-Inducible Protein 10 by SARS-CoV Infection, Interferon Alfacon 1 and Interferon Inducer in Human Bronchial Epithelial Calu-3 Cells and BALB/c Mice

Background: The pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is poorly understood. Several mechanisms involving both direct effects on target cells and indirect effects via the immune system might exist. SARS-CoV has been shown in vitro to induce changes of cytokines and chemokines in various human and animal cells. We previously reported that interferon (IFN) alfacon-1 was more active against SARS-CoV infection in human bronchial epithelial Calu-3 cells than in African green monkey kidney epithelial cells on day 3 post-infection. Methods: In the current study, we first evaluated the efficacy of IFN-alfacon 1 in Calu-3 cells during the first 7 days of virus infection. We then used the two-antibody sandwich ELISA method to detect IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10). We further evaluated the efficacy of antivirals directed against SARS-CoV infection in BALB/c mice. Results: A potent, prolonged inhibition of SARS-CoV replication in Calu-3 cells with IFN-alfacon 1 was observed. Furthermore, IP-10, an IFN-inducible leukocyte chemoattractant, was detected in Calu-3 cells after SARS-CoV infection. Interestingly, IP-10 expression was shown to be significantly increased when SARS-CoV-infected Calu-3 cells were treated with IFN alfacon-1. IP-10 expression was detected in the lungs of SARS-CoV-infected BALB/c mice. Significantly high levels of mouse IP-10 in BALB/c mice was also detected when SARS-CoV-infected mice were treated with the interferon inducer, polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid stabilized with poly-L-lysine and carboxymethyl cellulose (poly IC:LC). Treatment with poly IC:LC by intranasal route were effective in protecting mice against a lethal infection with mouse-adapted SARS-CoV and reduced the viral lung titres. Conclusion: Our data might provide an important insight into the mechanism of pathogenesis of SARS-CoV and these properties might be therapeutically advantageous.
Patients’ Privacy of the Person and Human Rights

The UK Government published various circulars to indicate the importance of respecting the privacy and dignity of NHS patients following the implementation of the Human Rights Act, 1998. This research used an ethnographic method to determine the extent to which health professionals had in fact upheld the philosophy of these documents. Fieldwork using nonparticipant observation, and unstructured and semistructured interviews with patients and staff, took place over six months in three acute care wards in a large district NHS trust hospital. Applying the principles of phenomenology and grounded theory, the data were analysed and the contents organized into 11 key categories, leading to the formulation of a privacy model. The level of intrusion into patients’ privacy by health professionals was measured against the benchmarking of the ‘dignity and privacy’ factors contained in the Department of Health’s The essence of care document and Article 8(2) of the Human Rights Act. The findings established that patients had little privacy in the wards, and that the terms ‘privacy of the person’ and ‘dignity’ are interrelated.
Transcriptional Cross Talk within the mar-sox-rob Regulon in Escherichia coli Is Limited to the rob and marRAB Operons

ABSTRACT Bacteria possess multiple mechanisms to survive exposure to various chemical stresses and antimicrobial compounds. In the enteric bacterium Escherichia coli, three homologous transcription factors—MarA, SoxS, and Rob—play a central role in coordinating this response. Three separate systems are known to regulate the expression and activities of MarA, SoxS, and Rob. However, a number of studies have shown that the three do not function in isolation but rather are coregulated through transcriptional cross talk. In this work, we systematically investigated the extent of transcriptional cross talk in the mar-sox-rob regulon. While the three transcription factors were found to have the potential to regulate each other's expression when ectopically expressed, the only significant interactions observed under physiological conditions were between mar and rob systems. MarA, SoxS, and Rob all activate the marRAB promoter, more so when they are induced by their respective inducers: salicylate, paraquat, and decanoate. None of the three proteins affects the soxS promoter, though unexpectedly, it was mildly repressed by decanoate by an unknown mechanism. SoxS is the only one of the three proteins to repress the rob promoter. Surprisingly, salicylate somewhat activates transcription of rob, while decanoate represses it a bit. Rob, in turn, activates not only its downstream promoters in response to salicylate but also the marRAB promoter. These results demonstrate that the mar and rob systems function together in response to salicylate.
Privacy in Social Network Sites (SNS): the threats from Data Mining

This paper explores the potential of data mining as a technique that could be used by malicious data miners to threaten the privacy of SNS users and makes a moral case for the users’ right to privacy. It applies a data mining algorithm to a hypothetical dataset of a sample of individuals from Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Yemen to show the ease at which characteristics about the SNS users can be discovered and used in a way that could invade their privacy. It is hoped by exploring the threats from data mining on individuals’ privacy and arguing for users’ right to privacy, the study will raise SNS users’ awareness about the ways in which information that they reveal online can be used by malevolent data miners to harm them and how to operate in SNS safely