Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Crisis of Trust and Planning

Trust, it has been argued, has been declining in government, institutions and professions. For some, this has become significant enough to diagnose a “crisis of trust”. Planning systems and planners have not been immune from this growing sense of mistrust which not only has implications for planners as professionals, but also for planning as an activity. This article explores the consequences of the “crisis of trust” for planning and planners. In doing so, it sets out to understand why this crisis has arisen, and identifies four main theses (the rise of the risk society, the rise of the pluralistic society, the rise of the rights-based society and the rise of advanced liberalism). Each thesis is discussed in relation to general changes in society and the implications for planning and planners. It is concluded that whilst narrow views of trust may help us focus on individual and community relationships, a wider notion of trust may be valuable for its focus on values and common goals. Furthermore, problems of the rise of auditing and systems of control especially within the context of advanced liberalism and the rise of the pluralistic society are identified as having particular purchase on both the decline of trust in planning and how we might seek to restore trust.
Pointwise dimension and ergodic decompositions

We study the Hausdorff dimension and the pointwise dimension of measures that are not necessarily ergodic. In particular, for conformal expanding maps and hyperbolic diffeomorphisms on surfaces we establish explicit formulas for the pointwise dimension of an arbitrary invariant measure in terms of the local entropy and of the Lyapunov exponents. These formulas are obtained with a direct approach, pertaining to the fundamentals of ergodic theory, which in particular does not require Pesin theory. This allows us to show, for those systems, that the Hausdorff dimension of a (non-ergodic) invariant measure is equal to the essential supremum of the Hausdorff dimensions of the measures in an ergodic decomposition. We also establish corresponding results for non-uniformly hyperbolic diffeomorphisms on surfaces, now using Pesin theory. To the best of our knowledge, the formula for the Hausdorff dimension of an invariant measure along an ergodic decomposition is new even in the case of uniformly hyperbolic dynamics.
Evaporation in different liquids: secondary students’ conceptions

This study explores secondary school students’ understanding of evaporation and investigates whether students associate the concept of evaporation with only water as a liquid. An open‐ended written test was developed using three different words (water, liquid or alcohol) to state the question phrases. The test was implemented on a sample of 313 students at different levels of schooling. Clinical interviews, in which ethyl alcohol was used as an example of liquids, were also undertaken with 12 students, either individually or as a group. From the collected data, it was found that most of the students at different levels lack understanding of the concept and have several misconceptions. Various misconceptions of the evaporation concept that differ from those cited in the related literature were determined. The most important result was that students’ written responses showed some specific misconceptions when they were presented with the questions using three different words; liquid, water and alcohol.
The effects of socioeconomic heterogamy and changes on marital dissolution for first marriages.

National Longitudinal Surveys are used to investigate the patterns and determinants of marital dissolution for first marriages [in the United States]. The focus of this paper is to examine the associations between socioeconomic status differences and changes within marriage of marital partners and marital instability. Based on a discrete hazard model the results indicate the risk of marital instability is highest among couples who have heterogamous education and who do not follow the most traditional working arrangement where only the husband is employed full-time in the labor market. Those couples who do equalize their original education and conventionalize employment status enjoy higher marital stability. However marriages in which couples change to educational heterogamy and unconventional employment statuses are less likely to survive. (EXCERPT)
Sectarianism and conflict in Syria

This article challenges the sectarian narrative of Syria’s current civil war, which relies on several false assumptions about the nature of political identity. It first questions how sectarian the uprising and civil war actually are, suggesting that the conflict is ‘semi-sectarian’, given the multiple other fault lines of contention, notably class, ideology and other non-sect, sub-state ties. It then draws on the theoretical debates between primordialists, ethno-symbolists and modernists to historicise political identity development in Syria. In doing so, it reasserts the modernist case, emphasising how political identities in Syria, both national and sectarian, have developed in a complex interrelated manner in the modern era and how the recent violent mobilisation of sectarian identity is the result of long- and short-term structural, economic, socio-cultural and political factors rather than unchanging ancient animosities. Of these, the most vital remain structural changes and elite reactions to them, with the prospect of state collapse in Syria’s future the most likely cause of a descent into further sectarian chaos.
Impact of moderate aerobic exercise training on insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic men treated with oral hypoglycemic agents: is insulin sensitivity enhanced only in nonobese subjects?

BACKGROUND Few studies have evaluated the effect of aerobic physical training on insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes treated with oral hypoglycemic agents. Most studies that involved nonobese subjects showed enhanced insulin sensitivity whereas studies involving obese subjects with type 2 diabetes are inconsistent because of concomitant fat loss. MATERIAL/METHODS Thirteen men with type 2 diabetes (6 nonobese and 7 obese) treated with oral hypoglycemic agents carried out a 12-week ergocycle program at 60% VO2 peak, one hour thrice a week. Diet and medications were maintained throughout the study. Insulin sensitivity was assessed with the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique. RESULTS VO2 peak (ml/kg/min) increased with exercise training. There were no significant changes in fat mass, percent body fat, fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels, glycated hemoglobin levels, or insulin sensitivity. However, when the subjects were separated into two groups, they showed different insulin sensitivity adaptation to training. In fact, nonobese subjects with type 2 diabetes showed an increase in insulin sensitivity, whereas no change was observed in the obese subjects. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that moderate aerobic exercise training of 3 months duration enhanced insulin sensitivity only in nonobese men with type 2 diabetes. Obese men with type 2 diabetes showed no benefit. Thus, adiposity per se may be a determining factor in the exercise-induced metabolic benefit of exercise training in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
The Aizenman-Sims-Starr and Guerras schemes for the SK model with multidimensional spins

We prove upper and lower bounds on the free energy of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model with multidimensional spins in terms of variational inequalities. The bounds are based on a multidimensional extension of the Parisi functional. We generalise and unify the comparison scheme of Aizenman, Sims and Starr and the one of Guerra involving the GREM-inspired processes and Ruelle's probability cascades. For this purpose, an abstract quenched large deviations principle of the Gartner-Ellis type is obtained. We derive Talagrand's representation of Guerra's remainder term for the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model with multidimensional spins. The derivation is based on well-known properties of Ruelle's probability cascades and the Bolthausen-Sznitman coalescent. We study the properties of the multidimensional Parisi functional by establishing a link with a certain class of semi-linear partial differential equations. We embed the problem of strict convexity of the Parisi functional in a more general setting and prove the convexity in some particular cases which shed some light on the original convexity problem of Talagrand. Finally, we prove the Parisi formula for the local free energy in the case of multidimensional Gaussian a priori distribution of spins using Talagrand's methodology of a priori estimates.
Young children's metacognition in the context of telling a written story

This study examines young children's metacognition in the context of telling a written story. The participants were 36 children: 12 preschoolers, 12 kindergarteners, and 12 first graders in a kindergarten and a nearby elementary school in a northwestern city in Taiwan. Each child was asked to ‘read’ a 13-page wordless picture book and tell a story that will be transcribed for others to read. Once each child finished telling the story, the scribe asked whether the child wished to revise it; the children's revisions were taken as indicative of metacognitive abilities. Results indicate that 33 out of 36 children demonstrated metacognition as they revised their stories. A significant difference with regards to the accuracy of the revisions was found among the three groups of children, with first graders producing significantly more accurate revisions than did the preschoolers. The implications for future research and practices for teachers are discussed.
Using electronic medical records to enable large-scale studies in psychiatry: treatment resistant depression as a model

Background Electronic medical records (EMR) provide a unique opportunity for efficient, large-scale clinical investigation in psychiatry. However, such studies will require development of tools to define treatment outcome. Method Natural language processing (NLP) was applied to classify notes from 127 504 patients with a billing diagnosis of major depressive disorder, drawn from out-patient psychiatry practices affiliated with multiple, large New England hospitals. Classifications were compared with results using billing data (ICD-9 codes) alone and to a clinical gold standard based on chart review by a panel of senior clinicians. These cross-sectional classifications were then used to define longitudinal treatment outcomes, which were compared with a clinician-rated gold standard. Results Models incorporating NLP were superior to those relying on billing data alone for classifying current mood state (area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.85–0.88 v. 0.54–0.55). When these cross-sectional visits were integrated to define longitudinal outcomes and incorporate treatment data, 15% of the cohort remitted with a single antidepressant treatment, while 13% were identified as failing to remit despite at least two antidepressant trials. Non-remitting patients were more likely to be non-Caucasian (p<0.001). Conclusions The application of bioinformatics tools such as NLP should enable accurate and efficient determination of longitudinal outcomes, enabling existing EMR data to be applied to clinical research, including biomarker investigations. Continued development will be required to better address moderators of outcome such as adherence and co-morbidity.
Parallel Incomplete-LU and Cholesky Factorization in the Preconditioned Iterative Methods on the GPU

A novel algorithm for computing the incomplete-LU and Cholesky factorization with 0 ll-in on a graphics processing unit (GPU) is proposed. It implements the incomplete factorization of the given matrix in two phases. First, the symbolic analysis phase builds a dependency graph based on the matrix sparsity pattern and groups the independent rows into levels. Second, the numerical factorization phase obtains the resulting lower and upper sparse triangular factors by iterating sequentially across the constructed levels. The Gaussian elimination of the elements below the main diagonal in the rows corresponding to each single level is performed in parallel. The numerical experiments are also presented and it is shown that the numerical factorization phase can achieve on average more than 2:8 speedup over MKL, while the incomplete-LU and Cholesky preconditioned iterative methods can achieve an average of 2 speedup on GPU over their CPU implementation.
15-Month-Old Infants Fast Map Words but Not Representational Gestures of Multimodal Labels

This study investigated whether 15-month-old infants fast map multimodal labels, and, when given the choice of two modalities, whether they preferentially fast map one better than the other. Sixty 15-month-old infants watched films where an actress repeatedly and ostensively labeled two novel objects using a spoken word along with a representational gesture. In the test phase, infants were assigned to one of three conditions: Word, Word + Gesture, or Gesture. The objects appeared in a shelf next to the experimenter and, depending on the condition, infants were prompted with either a word, a gesture, or a multimodal word–gesture combination. Using an infant eye tracker, we determined whether infants made the correct mappings. Results revealed that only infants in the Word condition had learned the novel object labels. When the representational gesture was presented alone or when the verbal label was accompanied by a representational gesture, infants did not succeed in making the correct mappings. Results reveal that 15-month-old infants do not benefit from multimodal labeling and that they prefer words over representational gestures as object labels in multimodal utterances. Findings put into question the role of multimodal labeling in early language development.
Granulocyte-Monocyte Apheresis in Steroid-Dependent, Azathioprine-Intolerant/Resistant Moderate Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Multicenter Study

Background Granulocyte-monocyte apheresis has been proposed for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, although it is limited by costs and variability of results. Aim To assess effectiveness of granulocyte-monocyte apheresis in patients with steroid-dependent, azathioprine-intolerant/resistant moderate ulcerative colitis. Methods Consecutive patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were prospectively enrolled, treated by apheresis, and followed up for 12 months. The primary end point of the study was steroid-free clinical remission at 12 months, with no need for biologic therapy or surgery. Results From January to December 2013, 33 patients were enrolled. After one year of follow-up, 12 (36%) patients had clinical remission, were steroid-free, and had no need for biological therapy or surgery; 3 (9%) cases showed a clinical response (but not clinical remission). Moreover, 12 (36%) patients required biologic therapy, 4 (12%) underwent colectomy, and in the other 2 (6%) a reduction, but not withdrawal, of steroid dose was achieved. Conclusions Our study shows that a standard course of granulocyte-monocyte apheresis is associated with a 36% steroid-free clinical remission in patients with steroid-dependent, azathioprine-intolerant or resistant moderate ulcerative colitis. Apheresis might represent an alternative to biologic therapy or surgery in this specific subgroup of patients. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrial.gov NCT03189888.
Therapeutic Effects of Procainamide on Endotoxin-Induced Rhabdomyolysis in Rats

Overt systemic inflammatory response is a predisposing mechanism for infection-induced skeletal muscle damage and rhabdomyolysis. Aberrant DNA methylation plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of excessive inflammatory response. The antiarrhythmic drug procainamide is a non-nucleoside inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) used to alleviate DNA hypermethylation. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of procainamide on the syndromes and complications of rhabdomyolysis rats induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Rhabdomyolysis animal model was established by intravenous infusion of LPS (5 mg/kg) accompanied by procainamide therapy (50 mg/kg). During the experimental period, the changes of hemodynamics, muscle injury index, kidney function, blood gas, blood electrolytes, blood glucose, and plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were examined. Kidneys and lungs were exercised to analyze superoxide production, neutrophil infiltration, and DNMTs expression. The rats in this model showed similar clinical syndromes and complications of rhabdomyolysis including high levels of plasma creatine kinase, acute kidney injury, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, metabolic acidosis, hypotension, tachycardia, and hypoglycemia. The increases of lung DNMT1 expression and plasma IL-6 concentration were also observed in rhabdomyolysis animals induced by LPS. Treatment with procainamide not only inhibited the overexpression of DNMT1 but also diminished the overproduction of IL-6 in rhabdomyolysis rats. In addition, procainamide improved muscle damage, renal dysfunction, electrolytes disturbance, metabolic acidosis, hypotension, and hypoglycemia in the rats with rhabdomyolysis. Moreover, another DNMT inhibitor hydralazine mitigated hypoglycemia, muscle damage, and renal dysfunction in rhabdomyolysis rats. These findings reveal that therapeutic effects of procainamide could be based on the suppression of DNMT1 and pro-inflammatory cytokine in endotoxin-induced rhabdomyolysis.
Re-Examining Evelyn Hooker: Setting the Record Straight with Comments on Schumm's (2012) Reanalysis

Evelyn Hooker's research comparing the mental health of 30 male homosexuals to 30 male heterosexuals may be the most influential study in the history of social science. The American Psychological Association (APA) claims her work was the major reason it began advocating for acceptance of homosexuality. It led the American Psychiatric Association in 1973 to eliminate homosexuality from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. And it impacted the U.S. Supreme Court's 2003 legalization of sodomy in Lawrence v Texas. Hooker reportedly believed experts would be unable to distinguish homosexuals from heterosexuals on psychological tests. Re-examination of her work indicates that Hooker's study was neither rigorous nor reliable. Among other problems, homosexual subjects were easily identified on test protocols; her reports of how she obtained her samples were incomplete and contradictory; and her study generated results supportive of obsession/compulsivity in homosexuals. Thus Hooker's study was seriously flawed. Moreover, because it was marketed by the APA as central in transforming homosexual activity from an illness/crime into acceptable behavior—yet Hooker did not correct those who mischaracterized her work—APA misrepresentations of Hooker over the past 40 years appear to be more in line with ideology than science.
Sex differences in sociopolitical attitudes: A replication and extension

Sex differences in various aspects of sociopolitical ideology were studied with a sample of 783 Swedish high school students (median age = 18 years) from metropolitan Stockholm by use of the S6 Conservatism Scale. Males and females were compared with respect to six ideological dimensions: (1) general conservatism, (2) politicaleconomic conservatism, (3) religion, (4) punitiveness, (5) social inequality and (6) racism. The resuk revealed statistically significant differences on all six dimensions showing females to be less generally conservative, less 'capitalist' oriented, less punitive, more egalitarian and less racist than males. However, in line with previous findings, females were found to be more religious than males. Furthermore, the results showed females to be more ideologically homogeneous than males. Despite these differences the attitude profiles and attitude structures were quite similar for both sexes. There were no significant sex by social class interactions with respect to the sociopolitical attitude dimensions. In line with previous findings, females were found to be somewhat less interested in politics than males. The popular belief that women are more sociopolitically conservative than men was systematically analysed in a recent empirical study by the present authors (Sidanius & Ekehammar, 1980). Based on a sociopolitical attitude scale sex differences were found with respect to (a) social attitude statements, (6) general ideological dimensions, and (c) political party choice. Contrary to popular belief, and to the general impression given by some earlier empirical studies on the subject (Doverger, 1955; Stouffer, 1055; Holter, 1970; Eysenck, 1971; Boshier, 1973), women were not found to be more conservative than men with respect to party choice, social attitudes or ideological dimensions. The only clear exception was for the ideological dimension of religion, which traditionally has been regarded as being positively associated with conservatism, where females were found to be clearly more religious than males. accumulation of a body of unreplicated findings which often makes the picture within a research area uncertain or even confusing. In order to try to overcome this drawback for the present problem this study aims at replication and further systematic analysis of sex differences in sociopolitical attitudes. Compared to our earlier study (Sidanius & Ekehammar, 1980) the present one is based on several indicators of sociopolitical attitudes, uses some additional methodological tools, and introduces social class as a moderator variable in order to test possible interactions between sex and social class with respect to sociopolitical ideology. One of the problems with much social and behavioural science research is an
Effect of zidovudine on transplacental pharmacokinetics of ddI in the pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina)

Since zidovudine and ddI may be used in combination in the future to treat pregnant women who are human immunodeficiency virus positive, we conducted a study to determine whether zidovudine affects the transfer of ddI across the placenta. Zidovudine and ddI were infused simultaneously to three near-term pregnant macaques (Macaca nemestrina) at 156 +/- 1.5 days of gestation. Samples of maternal and fetal blood and amniotic fluid were drawn at intervals for 30 h. The steady-state dideoxyinosine concentrations in the plasma of the dam (Cssd), the fetus (Cssf), and the amniotic fluid (Cssa) and the ratios Cssf/Cssd and Cssa/Cssf were found to be not significantly different from the values previously determined after the administration of ddI alone during the same pregnancy. We conclude that concurrent zidovudine administration does not affect the transfer of ddI across the placenta in near-term Macaca nemestrina.