Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of ablations in the central nervous system on arrhythmias induced by coronary occlusion in the rat

1 The role of the central nervous system (CNS) in arrhythmogenesis in the 4 h period following occlusion of a coronary artery was investigated in rats by use of CNS ablations and other procedures. 2 Ablations in the CNS included pithing, spinalization and decerebration combined with acute and chronic surgical preparation and noradrenaline/adrenaline infusions. 3 All procedures involving acute surgery reduced the incidence and severity of the arrhythmias induced by occlusion. Such reductions were most marked in the second (0.5‐4 h post‐occlusion) arrhythmic period. 4 The observed reductions in arrhythmias could not be explained in terms of involvement of the CNS or adrenoceptor activation. 5 When circulating leucocytes, platelets and serum potassium were measured in a group of pithed rats before and after occlusion, reduced levels (20–50%) of both leucocytes and platelets occurred while serum potassium levels rose by 50–100%. 6 Arrhythmias following coronary occlusion may depend in part on factors in the blood such as leucocytes, platelets and serum potassium and these factors may be altered by acute surgery.
Adaptors for disorders of the brain? The cancer signaling proteins NEDD9, CASS4, and PTK2B in Alzheimer's disease

No treatment strategies effectively limit the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a common and debilitating neurodegenerative disorder. The absence of viable treatment options reflects the fact that the pathophysiology and genotypic causes of the disease are not well understood. The advent of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has made it possible to broadly investigate genotypic alterations driving phenotypic occurrences. Recent studies have associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in two paralogous scaffolding proteins, NEDD9 and CASS4, and the kinase PTK2B, with susceptibility to late-onset AD (LOAD). Intriguingly, NEDD9, CASS4, and PTK2B have been much studied as interacting partners regulating oncogenesis and metastasis, and all three are known to be active in the brain during development and in cancer. However, to date, the majority of studies of these proteins have emphasized their roles in the directly cancer relevant processes of migration and survival signaling. We here discuss evidence for roles of NEDD9, CASS4 and PTK2B in additional processes, including hypoxia, vascular changes, inflammation, microtubule stabilization and calcium signaling, as potentially relevant to the pathogenesis of LOAD. Reciprocally, these functions can better inform our understanding of the action of NEDD9, CASS4 and PTK2B in cancer.
Overcoming HMM time independence assumption using N-gram based modelling for continuous speech recognition

The development of new acoustical models that overcome traditional HMM restrictions is an active field of research in automatic speech recognition. One possible approach to achieve this goal is to work with N-gram based augmented HMM. In this paper, we propose to deal with time independence assumption of HMM using N-gram based modelling. For this, the temporal dependencies of each acoustic feature are explicitly modelled. Results obtained in this work testing this approach in continuous speech recognition show the suitability of adding long span information for ASR performance. Moreover, we are improving previous results obtained using this modelling scheme in connected digit recognition experiments.
Adaptive Estimation for Varying 1 Coefficient Models 2

4 In this article, a novel adaptive estimation is proposed for varying coefficient 5 models. Unlike the traditional least squares based methods, the proposed approach 6 can adapt to different error distributions. An efficient EM algorithm is provided 7 to implement the proposed estimation. The asymptotic properties of the resulting 8 estimator are established. Both simulation studies and real data examples are used 9 to illustrate the finite sample performance of the new estimation procedure. The 10 numerical results show that the gain of the new procedure over the least squares 11 estimation can be quite substantial for non-Gaussian errors. 12
Filming “The Closet”

This article explores the potential of video diaries in capturing identity performances. Through selected excerpts of video diaries by “queer” subjects, the methodological issues that the video diaries raise and the kinds of data made available through them are explored. This article argues that identities are constructed as a “text” on the surface of bodies and that the participant’s experience of “comfort” or “discomfort” relates to the extent to which they are read with or against authorial intention. Identity reading is complicated in a heterosexist culture structured by “the closet” in which “misreading” has been developed into a powerful normalizing mechanism.
Tolerance for 8-oxoguanine but not thymine glycol in alignment-based gap filling of partially complementary double-strand break ends by DNA polymerase λ in human nuclear extracts

Ionizing radiation induces various clustered DNA lesions, including double-strand breaks (DSBs) accompanied by nearby oxidative base damage. Previous work showed that, in HeLa nuclear extracts, DSBs with partially complementary 3′ overhangs and a one-base gap in each strand are accurately rejoined, with the gaps being filled by DNA polymerase λ. To determine the possible effect of oxidative base damage on this process, plasmid substrates were constructed containing overhangs with 8-oxoguanine or thymine glycol in base-pairing positions of 3-base (-ACG or -GTA) 3′ overhangs. In this context, 8-oxoguanine was well tolerated by the end-joining machinery when present at one end of the break, but not when present at both ends. Thymine glycol was less well tolerated than 8-oxoguanine, reducing gap filling and accurate rejoining by at least 10-fold. The results suggest that complex DSBs can be accurately rejoined despite the presence of accompanying base damage, but that nonplanar bases constitute a major barrier to this process and promote error-prone joining. A chimeric DNA polymerase, in which the catalytic domain of polymerase λ was replaced with that of polymerase β, could not substitute for polymerase λ in these assays, suggesting that this domain is specifically adapted for gap filling on aligned DSB ends.
Development and hardware-in-the-loop testing of an Extended Kalman Filter for attitude estimation

This paper describes the development and hardware-in-the-loop testing of an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for attitude estimation. After literature review, a multi-mode solution to the estimation problem is introduced. It uses the sensor measurements optimally relying on the magnetic and acceleration data on the ground, and magnetic and GPS data in the air. An emergency aerial mode dealing with lost GPS data is also developed. The quaternion dynamic equations are chosen to represent system dynamics. Their special structure makes it possible to perform continuous-discrete transformation with a closed form solution of the Heun scheme. This can improve the prediction performance of the EKF. The observability of the system was examined using gridding of the state space in every modes of the filter. The computing steps of the new filter are summarized before presenting issues of implementation and testing. This article presents hardware-in-the-loop test results with simulated GPS losses. Comparison to another filter is also presented. The estimator was tested in real flights and performed as expected.
Analyzing arguments in science classroom discourse: Can teachers' questions distort scientific authority?

Teaching commonly involves asking questions, in sequences that enable a teacher to control the direction and duration of subject-matter discussion, while also maintaining attention and order. The form of questions and their role as means of instruction have received more study and discussion than the function of questions and their role in achieving particular ends of instruction. This study examines qualitatively the function of questions in developing arguments that establish scientific knowledge claims on the basis of reasons and evidence, and thereby suggest a rational attitude toward authority. Peters' (1966) distinction between a teacher's (rational) authority of knowledge and (traditional) authority of position is linked with Toulmin's (1958) pattern for rational arguments to establish a qualitative framework for judging the function of questions in arguments. Episodes from three science lessons are presented in verbatim transcription and analyzed to reveal three different ways in which teachers did not achieve the standard of suggesting a rational attitude toward authority. Question sequences such as these have a clear potential for distorting student understanding of the nature of scientific authority, with possible negative consequences for students' attitudes toward science.
Role of glucocorticoids in the molecular regulation of muscle wasting

Objective:To review glucocorticoid-regulated molecular mechanisms of muscle wasting. Design:Review of recent literature describing the role of glucocorticoids in the regulation of proteolytic mechanisms, transcription factors, and nuclear cofactors in skeletal muscle during various catabolic conditions. Main Results:Catabolic doses of glucocorticoids induce muscle atrophy both in vivo and in vitro by stimulating protein breakdown and inhibiting protein synthesis. Signaling pathways that regulate muscle protein synthesis at the translational level are inhibited by glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids increase the expression and activity of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, a major proteolytic mechanism of muscle atrophy. The expression and activity of muscle wasting-related transcription factors, including C/EBP&bgr; and &dgr; and Forkhead box O 1, 3, and 4, as well as the nuclear cofactor p300, are up-regulated by glucocorticoid excess. Conclusions:Muscle wasting in various catabolic conditions is, at least in part, regulated by glucocorticoids. The role of glucocorticoids in muscle wasting is complex and reflects regulation at the molecular level of multiple mechanisms influencing both synthesis and degradation of muscle proteins.
The Relationship between Personality Characteristics and Academic Success in Law School

This study focuses on the relationship between the personality characteristics of entering law students and academic success in law school. The subjects (137) were entering law school students at Pepperdine University School of Law. Students were administered the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) as a measure of their temperament and character. The subjects' Law School Admissions Test (LSAT) scores and first-year law school grade point average were also obtained. On the CPI, subjects scored highest on the Self-acceptance, Flexibility, and Dominance scales and they scored lowest on the Self-control, Sense of Well-being, and Good Impression scales. The study found a non-significant positive relationship between LSAT scores and first-year grade point average. The study found a significant relationship between Achievement via Independence, Capacity for Status, and Psychological-mindedness scales on the CPI and first-year grade point average. The implications of these results for law school admission policies are discussed.
Clustering teachers' motivations for teaching

The motivation to teach is a powerful, yet neglected, force in teaching at institutes of higher education. A better understanding of academics' motivations for teaching is necessary. The aim of this mixed-method study was to identify groups with distinctively different motivations for teaching. Six clusters were identified: expertise, duty, subject, passion, reluctance and incompetence. The teachers in these groups differed in perceived personal effectiveness, interest and effort towards teaching. Interview data revealed the competitive function of research and the importance of the subject matter taught. The clusters containing teachers who prioritise the teaching process over the teaching content were the ones with the highest overall motivation scores.
An interpretative phenomenological analysis of how professional dance teachers implement psychological skills training in practice

The aim of this study was to examine how dance teachers work with psychological skills with their students in class. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six female professional teachers in jazz, ballet and contemporary dance. The interview transcripts were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (Smith 1996). Results revealed that all teachers used psychological skills training techniques such as goal setting and imagery and worked toward the following outcomes: group cohesion, self-confidence, and anxiety management. They strove to create a task-involving climate in their classes and the students were encouraged to participate in, for instance, the goal setting process and imagery applications. The teachers also placed significant emphasis on performance preparation, evaluation, and feedback, although some found it difficult to give positive feedback. Many of the findings can be associated with contemporary theories in sport psychology. However, the dance teachers had almost no formal training in performance psychology, but had instead developed their teaching methodology through their own experiences. Further skills development and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Gain scheduled state feedback control of discrete-time systems with time-varying uncertainties: an LMI approach

This paper addresses the problems of stabilization and H∞control by means of state feedback parameter-dependent gains applied to discrete-time linear systems whose matrices are affected by arbitrarily time-varying parameters belonging to a polytope. The solution of the proposed design conditions, written as a finite set of linear matrix inequalities at the polytope vertices, allows to obtain a parameter-dependent gain (i.e. a gain scheduled controller) as an analytical function of the parameters. The proposed strategy is different from similar approaches in the literature, that are based on discretizations of the space of parameters to determine interpolated control gains, or that assume special structures for the time-varying parameters or even suppose that some of the system matrices are fixed and time-invariant in order to have a convex design problem. Numerical examples illustrate the efficiency of the conditions given in the paper.
Identification of Nine Sucrose Nonfermenting 1-related Protein Kinases 2 Activated by Hyperosmotic and Saline Stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana*

Several calcium-independent protein kinases were activated by hyperosmotic and saline stresses in Arabidopsis cell suspension. Similar activation profiles were also observed in seedlings exposed to hyperosmotic stress. One of them was identified to AtMPK6 (Droillard, M. J., Boudsocq, M., Barbier-Brygoo, H., and Laurière, C. (2002) FEBS Lett. 527, 43–50) but the others remained to be identified. They were assumed to belong to the SNF1 (sucrose nonfermenting 1)-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) family, which constitutes a plant-specific kinase group. The 10 Arabidopsis SnRK2 were expressed both in cells and seedlings, making the whole SnRK2 family a suitable candidate. Using a family-specific antibody raised against the 10 SnRK2, we demonstrated that these non-MAPK protein kinases activated by hyperosmolarity in cell suspension were SnRK2 proteins. Then, the molecular identification of the involved SnRK2 was investigated by transient expression assays. Nine of the 10 SnRK2 were activated by hyperosmolarity induced by mannitol, as well as NaCl, indicating an important role of the SnRK2 family in osmotic signaling. In contrast, none of the SnRK2 were activated by cold treatment, whereas abscisic acid only activated five of the nine SnRK2. The probable involvement of the different Arabidopsis SnRK2 in several abiotic transduction pathways is discussed.
A model of unsteady-state transvascular fluid and protein transport in the lung.

Models of steady-state fluid and solute transport in the microcirculation are used primarily to characterize filtration and permeability properties of the transport barrier. Important transient relationships, such as the rate of fluid accumulation in the tissue, cannot be predicted with steady-state models. In this paper we present three simple models of unsteady-state fluid and protein exchange between blood plasma and interstitial fluid. The first treats the interstitium as a homogeneous well-mixed compliant compartment, the second includes an interstitial gel, and the third allows for both gel and free fluid in the interstitium. Because we are primarily interested in lung transvascular exchange we used the multiple-pore model and pore sizes described by Harris and Roselli (J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat . Environ. Exercise Physiol. 50: 1-14, 1981) to characterize the microvascular barrier. However, the unsteady-state transport theory presented here should apply to other organ systems and can be used with different conceptual models of the blood-lymph barrier. For a step increase in microvascular pressure we found good agreement between theoretical and experimental lymph flow and lymph concentrations in the sheep lung when the following parameter ranges were used: base-line interstitial volume, 150-190 ml; interstitial compliance, 7-10 ml/Torr; initial interstitial fluid pressure, -1 Torr; pressure in initial lymphatics, -5 to -6 Torr; and conductivity of the interstitium and lymphatic barrier, 4.25 X 10(-4) ml X s-1 X Torr-1. Based on these values the model predicts 50% of the total change in interstitial water volume occurs in the first 45 min after a step change in microvascular pressure. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Epstein Barr Virus and Helicobacter pylori Co-Infection Are Positively Associated with Severe Gastritis in Pediatric Patients

Background H. pylori infection is acquired during childhood and causes a chronic inflammatory response in the gastric mucosa, which is considered the main risk factor to acquire gastric cancer (GC) later in life. More recently, infection by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) have also been associated with GC. The role of EBV in early inflammatory responses and its relationship with H. pylori infection remains poorly studied. Here, we assessed whether EBV infection in children correlated with the stage of gastritis and whether co-infection with H. pylori affected the severity of inflammation. Methodology/Principal Findings 333 pediatric patients with chronic abdominal pain were studied. From them, gastric biopsies were taken and inflammation graded according to the Sydney system; peripheral blood was drawn and antibodies against EBV (IgG and IgM anti-VCA) and H. pylori (IgG anti-whole bacteria and anti-CagA) were measured in sera. We found that children infected only by EBV presented mild mononuclear (MN) and none polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell infiltration, while those infected by H. pylori presented moderate MN and mild PMN. In contrast, patients co-infected with both pathogens were significantly associated with severe gastritis. Importantly, co-infection of H. pylori CagA+/EBV+ had a stronger association with severe MN (PR 3.0) and PMN (PR 7.2) cells than cases with single H. pylori CagA+ infection. Conclusions/Significance Co-infection with EBV and H. pylori in pediatric patients is associated with severe gastritis. Even single infections with H. pylori CagA+ strains are associated with mild to moderate infiltration arguing for a cooperative effect of H. pylori and EBV in the gastric mucosa and revealing a critical role for EBV previously un-appreciated. This study points out the need to study both pathogens to understand the mechanism behind severe damage of the gastric mucosa, which could identified children with increased risk to present more serious lesions later in life.
Bridge over troubled waters: policy development for Canadian music in higher education

Canadian music composed in the Western European tradition does not have a high profile in Canadian education. Composers, music educators and media representatives, councillors of the Canadian Music Centre (CMC), collaborated with the author of this article to develop policies that would promote Canadian music content in post-secondary music and education institutions by employing a multiple measures methodology called Integrated Inquiry. Data from a Canadian music questionnaire, commentaries on the results by university representatives, and a visioning exercise by councillors was integrated to formulate policy recommendations. Participating universities recommended that the CMC circulate Canadian music catalogues and guide lists to university libraries, develop program partnerships among universities, foundations and professional arts organizations, promote and disseminate research on Canadian music, recognize student achievement in Canadian music research and performance, and develop guidelines for implementing Canadian music content in post-secondary music and education programs. Councillors advocated that post-secondary institutions ensure the inclusion of Canadian music content in recitals and performances, in theory, history, composition and music certification courses, in juries for admitting and evaluating students and offering scholarships, in practice-teaching and in library holdings. Furthermore, visiting artists and university staff should be encouraged to include Canadian music within their personal repertoire and libraries.
Police officers' trust beliefs in the police and their psychological adjustment

The public's trust in the police has been the focus of extensive investigation. By contrast, there is a scarcity of research examining police officers' trust in the police. The purpose of the current study was to fill that gap in our knowledge. This study examined police officers' own trust in the police (i.e., personal trust beliefs) and how much they perceived that the public trust the police (i.e., public-ascribed trust beliefs). This study examined whether these two types of trust beliefs differed and whether each statistically accounted for police officers' psychological adjustment. Trust beliefs comprise expectations that police officers kept promises (reliability basis), told the truth (honesty basis) and kept information confidential and supportive of it (emotional basis). One hundred and eighty-three (142 male) police officers completed measures of personal trust beliefs in the police, public-ascribed trust beliefs in the police, psychological well-being and workplace stress. It was found that the police officers held higher personal honesty-based and emotional-based trust beliefs in the police than they ascribed to the public. Police officers' reliability-based personal trust beliefs in the police were positively associated with their psychological well-being and negatively associated with their stress in the workplace. Police officers' emotional-based public-ascribed trust beliefs in the police were positively associated with their psychological well-being and tended to be negatively associated with their stress in the workplace. The findings confirmed that police officers' personal and public-ascribed trust beliefs in the police differed and each statistically accounted for psychological adjustment.