Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial Predictors of Recent Drug Use Among Anglo and Hispanic Children and Adolescents

ABSTRACT Drug use among children and adolescents continues to be a source of considerable national concern. Despite declining trends over the past 15 years, drug use is fairly high among school-aged children and adolescents and is again on the rise. The present study evaluates a social development model of psychosocial predictors of drug use in Anglo and Hispanic children and adolescents. Participants in this longitudinal study include 392 parent-child pairs who completed questionnaires and interviews at 12-month intervals. Structural equation models reveal that patterns and predictors of drug use are distinct for each sub-group, by age and ethnicity. Later drug use was primarily associated with prior use, exposure to parental and peer models of drug use, and family disruption. These findings are partially consistent with Social Development theory in that strong links to conventional social institutions and behavior appear to protect children and adolescents from significant investment in drug-using behaviors. These effects are not, however, necessarily influenced by association with peers or peer groups.
Bmc Medical Genetics Lack of Association between the Chemokine Receptor 5 Polymorphism Ccr5delta32 in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Background: The chemokine receptor CCR5 has been detected at elevated levels on synovial T cells, and a 32 bp deletion in the CCR5 gene leads to a non-functional receptor. A negative association between the CCR5∆32 and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been reported, although with conflicting results. In juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), an association with CCR5 was recently reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate if the CCR5∆32 polymorphism is associated with RA or JIA in Norwegian cohorts.
The children's depression scale: Psychometric properties and factor structure

Abstract The Children's Depression Scale was administered to fifth and sixth grades of two primary schools, mean age 11 years 5 months, and records analysed of 256 children. Reliability estimates for the scale were high. Average depression scores in this school population were considerably higher than those reported in the test manual for the normal group. Girls scored higher than boys on average. A factor analysis of the responses yielded nine interpretable oblique factors. The first two support the major categorization of items as those assessing depressive ideation and behaviour and those assessing the inability to experience pleasure, but there is no support for the sub-scales designated by the authors of the CDS. Some validation of the factors obtained comes from their resemblance to those derived from adult depression measures and from diagnostic symptom listings. It is concluded that until the sub-scales are further developed and validated it is safest to rely mainly on the D-score as a measure of .
Identifiability as a deterrant to social loafing: Two cheering experiments.

Two experiments tested the extent to which the identifiability of one's individual output moderates social loafing—the reduction of individual efforts due to the social presence of others. In the first stage of Experiment 1, participants were asked to produce noise either alone, in groups of two and six, or in pseudogroups where the individuals actually shouted alone but believed that one or five other people were shouting with them. As in previous research, people exerted less effort when they thought that they were shouting in groups than when they shouted alone. In the second stage, the same people were led to believe that their outputs would be identifiable even when they cheered in groups. This manipulation eliminated social loafing. Experiment 2 demonstrated that when individual outputs are always identifiable (even in groups), people consistently exert high levels of effort, and if their outputs are never identifiable (even when alone), they consistently exert low levels of effort across all group sizes. In concert, these studies suggest that identifiability is an important mediator of social loafing.
Ch14.18 antibody produced in CHO cells in relapsed or refractory Stage 4 neuroblastoma patients

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the safety, pharmacokinetic and activity profiles of the human-mouse chimeric monoclonal anti-disialoganglioside GD2 antibody ch14.18 produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (ch14.18/CHO). Methods: Sixteen children with recurrent/refractory neuroblastoma (median age 7.6 y) were enrolled in this Phase 1 dose-finding study. Patients received ch14.18/CHO courses of 10, 20 or 30 mg/m2/day as an eight-hour infusion over five consecutive days. Three courses at the same dose level were allowed unless disease progressed. Clearance and biodistribution of radiolabelled ch14.18/CHO in Balb/c and A/J mice were analyzed. Results: A total of 41 ch14.18/CHO courses were given (10 × 3 courses, 5 × 2 courses, 1 × 1 course). Side effects were similar in expectedness, frequency and magnitude to those reported for ch14.18/SP2/0. The dose level of 20 mg/m2/day was confirmed. Toxicity was reversible and no treatment-related deaths occurred. In children, the peak plasma concentration was 16.51 µg/ml ± 5.9 µg/ml and the half-life was 76.91 h ± 52.5 h. A partial response following ch14.18/CHO was observed in 2/7 patients with residual disease. In mice, the half-lives were 22.7 h ± 1.9h for ch14.18/CHO and 25.0 h ± 1.9 h for ch14.18/SP2/0. The biodistribution of 125I-ch14.18/CHO in mice with neuroblastoma was identical to 125I-ch14.18/SP2/0, indicating GD2 targeting activity in vivo. Ch14.18 produced in CHO cells showed an unchanged toxicity profile and pharmacokinetics in neuroblastoma patients compared with ch14.18 produced in SP2/0 cells, and evidence of clinical activity was observed. In mice, analysis of pharmacokinetics and biodistribution showed comparable results between ch14.18/CHO and ch14.18/SP2/0. Based on these results, ch14.18/CHO was accepted for prospective clinical evaluation.
From phonological recoding to lexical reading: A longitudinal study on reading development in Italian

In this longitudinal study we analyse the early phases of reading development in Italian and explore the transition from phonological to lexical reading. A group of 28 Italian children was tested in four phases. Language and cognitive skills were first assessed in the preschool. Reading performance was then tested in three different sessions, in grade 1 and 2, using off-line naming tasks. To identify lexical reading we included in our test Italian words that have atypical stress assignment and can be pronounced with fluent prosody only by using lexical look up. Our findings show that phonological reading develops from aloud conversion of small orthographic units (e.g., single graphemes) to aloud conversion of whole strings. Such development underlies a systematic expansion of lexical reading. Children who deployed lexical reading for a low percentage of words at the end of grade 2 were likely to rely on grapheme by grapheme conversion still at the end of grade 1. Phonological, lexical, visual attention, and orthographic memory skills contribute to the systematic development of lexical reading.
An Investigation of Detect, Practice, and Repair to Remedy Math-Fact Deficits in a Group of Third-Grade Students.

A multiple-probe-across-problem-sets (tasks) design was used to evaluate the effects of the Detect, Practice, and Repair (DPR) on multiplication-fact fluency development in seven third-grade students nominated by their teacher as needing remediation. DPR is a multicomponent intervention and begins with a group-administered, metronome-paced assessment used to identify specific facts in need of repair. Next, Cover, Copy, and Compare (CCC) procedures are used to enhance automaticity with those specific facts. Lastly, students complete a 1-min speed drill and self-graph their fluency performance. Results showed large level and trend increases in fact fluency after DPR was applied across all three sets of multiplication problems. Discussion focuses on the importance of developing effective and efficient basic-skill-remediation procedures and directions for future research. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural Analysis of Technical-Tactical Elements in Table Tennis and their Role in Different Playing Zones

Abstract For the purpose of determining the overall structure of technical-tactical elements in table tennis and evaluating their role in different playing zones around the table, a new measuring instrument (a questionnaire) was formulated that took advantage of the expert knowledge of top, world class table tennis coaches. The results of the hierarchical taxonomic (cluster) analysis showed that the overall structure of the technical-tactical elements forming the table tennis technique could be divided into three basic groups; a group of technical-tactical elements (A) used in the phase of preparing one’s own and disabling the opponent’s attack; a group of technical-tactical elements (B) used in the phase of attack and counterattack; and a group of technical-tactical elements (C) used in the phase of defense. The differences among the obtained groups of table tennis elements were determined by applying the Kruskal-Wallis test, while relations between the groups and their role in different playing zones around the table were analyzed by comparing the average values of the experts’ scores.
Maternal State of Mind and Expressed Emotion: Impact of Mothers’ Mental Health, Stress, and Family Satisfaction

BACKGROUND Little is known about the relationship of mothers’ psychological distress to the emotions they express toward their children. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which mothers’ mental health status, perceived stress, and satisfaction with family relationships contribute to their expressed emotion with high-risk children. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional, correlational design was employed involving analysis of expressed emotion in videotaped mother-child interactions, self-report measures of stress and family satisfaction, and assessments of mothers’ mental health status. RESULTS A mother’s family satisfaction was significantly related to less criticism and more positive comments about the child. Perceived stress was associated with mother’s emotional overinvolvement and less hostility. Mother’s mental health was not a significant predictor of her expressed emotion. CONCLUSIONS Interventions to enhance a mother’s family interactions and her ability to cope with stress may improve the quality of a mother’s affective communication with her high-risk child.
Noncoding 3′ sequences of the transferrin receptor gene are required for mRNA regulation by iron.

The cell‐surface receptor for transferrin mediates cellular uptake of iron from serum. Transferrin receptor protein and mRNA levels are increased in cells treated with iron chelating agents, and are decreased by treatment with iron salts or hemin. Here we report that expression of human transferrin receptor cDNA constructions in stably transfected mouse fibroblasts is regulated both by the iron chelator, desferrioxamine, and by hemin. We found that sequences within the 3′ noncoding region are required for the iron‐dependent feed‐back regulation of receptor expression, whereas the presence of the transferrin receptor promoter region is not necessary. Regulation by iron is observed when transcription is initiated at either the SV‐40 early promoter or the transferrin receptor promoter, but deletion of a 2.3 kb fragment within the 2.6 kb 3′ noncoding region of the cDNA abolishes regulation and increases the constitutive level of receptor expression. Furthermore, the 3′ deletion does not affect the decrease in receptors which is observed in response to growth arrest, indicating that transferrin receptor expression is controlled by at least two distinct mechanisms.
Salt Acclimation of Cyanobacteria and Their Application in Biotechnology

The long evolutionary history and photo-autotrophic lifestyle of cyanobacteria has allowed them to colonize almost all photic habitats on Earth, including environments with high or fluctuating salinity. Their basal salt acclimation strategy includes two principal reactions, the active export of ions and the accumulation of compatible solutes. Cyanobacterial salt acclimation has been characterized in much detail using selected model cyanobacteria, but their salt sensing and regulatory mechanisms are less well understood. Here, we briefly review recent advances in the identification of salt acclimation processes and the essential genes/proteins involved in acclimation to high salt. This knowledge is of increasing importance because the necessary mass cultivation of cyanobacteria for future use in biotechnology will be performed in sea water. In addition, cyanobacterial salt resistance genes also can be applied to improve the salt tolerance of salt sensitive organisms, such as crop plants.
Breach Begets Breach: Trickle-Down Effects of Psychological Contract Breach on Customer Service

Adopting a multifoci approach to psychological contract breach (i.e., breach by the organization referent and breach by the supervisor referent), the authors propose a trickle-down model of breach. Results from three studies show that supervisor perceptions of organizational breach are negatively related to supervisor citizenship behaviors toward the subordinate, resulting in subordinate perceptions of supervisory breach. Subordinate breach perceptions are, in turn, negatively related to subordinate citizenship behaviors toward the customer and, ultimately, customer satisfaction. The findings demonstrate the interconnected nature of social exchange relationships at work and draw attention to the effects of breach for other employees and customers.
The tetraspanin CD9 modulates epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in cancer cells

CD9 is a member of the tetraspanins, and has been shown to be involved in a variety of cellular activities such as migration, proliferation, and adhesion. In addition, it has been known that CD9 can associate with other proteins. Here we demonstrated the physical and functional association of CD9 with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on MKN‐28 cells. Double‐immunofluorescent staining and immunoprecipitation demonstrated the complex formation of CD9‐EGFR and CD9‐β1 integrin, and that both complexes are colocalized on the cell surface especially at the cell–cell contact site. Anti‐CD9 monoclonal antibody ALB6 induced a dotted or patch‐like aggregation pattern of both CD9‐EGFR and CD9‐β1 integrin. The internalization of EGFR after EGF‐stimulation was significantly enhanced by the treatment with ALB6. CD9 can associate with EGFR in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2/CD9) and Chinese hamster ovary cancer cells (CHO‐HER/CD9), which were transfected with pTJ/human EGFR/CD9. Furthermore expression of CD9 specifically attenuated EGFR signaling in CHO‐HER/CD9 cells through the down regulation of surface expression of EGFR. These results suggest that CD9 might have an important role that attenuates EGFR signaling. Therefore, CD9 not only associates EGFR but also a new regulator, which may affect EGF‐induced signaling in cancer cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 216: 135–143, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple nuclear pseudogenes of mitochondrial cytochrome b in Ctenomys (Caviomorpha, Rodentia) with either great similarity to or high divergence from the true mitochondrial sequence

A fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was studied in 13 species of the South American fossorial rodent Ctenomys using PCR with ‘universal’ primers and DNA sequencing after cloning. Five different groups of sequences were found, one of which corresponds to the functional mitochondrial gene (mt). The other four groups (A, B, C and D) were believed to be nuclear pseudogenes. Sequences A–C were highly divergent from the mt sequences and included substitutions, deletions and insertions such that they could not possibly have coded a functional protein. They all shared a common insertion between positions 15055 and 15056 suggestive of a common origin, although the A, B and C sequences otherwise differed greatly from each other. The D sequences also could not have been functional on the basis of nucleotide sequence, but the differences with the mt sequences were far more subtle and in a more limited study the D sequences could easily have been classified as a true mtDNA sequence. It is suggested that there were two transfers of the cytochrome b gene from the mitochondrion to the nucleus; the first leading to sequences A–C and the second to the D sequence. Subsequent to transfer, a sequence of duplications within the nucleus appears to have generated the full range of pseudogenes that are observed. This study adds to other recent observations suggesting the frequent transfer of mtDNA sequences to the nucleus and reinforces the necessity of great care in interpreting PCR-generated sequences, particularly those produced with universal primers. There are now data from several species of mammals and birds relating to PCR-generated nuclear copies of cytochrome b, which we review.
Monsters, ghosts and witches: Testing the limits of the fantasy-reality distinction in young children.

Estes, Wellman & Woolley (1989) have shown that children as young as 3 years of age can distinguish between mental entities such as an image or dream of an object and a real object. Nevertheless, children often show persistent fear of imaginary creatures, particularly monsters (Jersild, 1943). To find out what conception children have of such imaginary creatures, 4- and 6-year-olds were questioned about three types of item: real items (e.g. a cup), ordinary imagined items (e.g. an image of a cup) and supernatural imagined items (e.g. an image of a monster). In two experiments, both age groups sharply differentiated the real items from both types of imagined item. Despite this apparently firm grasp of the distinction between fantasy and reality, two further experiments showed that 4- and 6-year-olds are not always certain that a creature that they have imagined cannot become real. Having imagined a creature inside a box, they show apprehension or curiosity about what is inside the box, and often admit to wondering whether the creature is actually inside. The experiments suggest that children systematically distinguish fantasy from reality, but are tempted to believe in the existence of what they have merely imagined.
Women's Adaptation to the IT Culture

This research study investigated the possible cultural conflicts faced by women during the socialization process to the IT occupational culture. In particular, the differences of perceptions by gender were examined. This study presents a sequential mixed methodology approach composed of two linked phases: the initial qualitative phase included 27 interviews conducted with students in the IT field in order to obtain their impressions of the IT occupational culture. Verbatim quotes from interviews suggested that only the initial work experiences had given these students a realistic preview of IT occupational culture. In the subsequent quantitative phase, students' impressions from the interviews were transformed into a survey instrument that included evaluative dimensions relevant to the characteristics of IT occupational culture derived from the interviews, and another set of survey items from previously validated instruments. The survey instrument was developed and then administered to N = 215 participants to see if there were any differences of perceptions towards the IT culture by gender. Finally, the measures of these evaluative dimensions were used to predict occupational commitment. Results showed that women's adaptation to IT occupational culture predicts occupational commitment and that some cultural features are more difficult to adapt to for female IT newcomers.
Novel Risk Score to Predict Pneumonia After Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose— To develop and validate a risk score (acute ischemic stroke-associated pneumonia score [AIS-APS]) for predicting in-hospital stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) after AIS. Methods— The AIS-APS was developed based on the China National Stroke Registry, in which eligible patients were randomly classified into derivation (60%) and internal validation cohort (40%). External validation was performed using the prospective Chinese Intracranial Atherosclerosis Study. Independent predictors of in-hospital SAP after AIS were obtained using multivariable logistic regression, and &bgr;-coefficients were used to generate point scoring system of the AIS-APS. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test were used to assess model discrimination and calibration, respectively. Results— The overall in-hospital SAP after AIS was 11.4%, 11.3%, and 7.3% in the derivation (n=8820), internal (n=5882) and external (n=3037) validation cohort, respectively. A 34-point AIS-APS was developed from the set of independent predictors including age, history of atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and current smoking, prestroke dependence, dysphagia, admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, Glasgow Coma Scale score, stroke subtype (Oxfordshire), and blood glucose. The AIS-APS showed good discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) in the internal (0.785; 95% confidence interval, 0.766–0.803) and external (0.792; 95% confidence interval, 0.761–0.823) validation cohort. The AIS-APS was well calibrated (Hosmer–Lemeshow test) in the internal (P=0.22) and external (P=0.30) validation cohort. When compared with 3 prior scores, the AIS-APS showed significantly better discrimination with regard to in-hospital SAP after AIS (all P<0.0001). Conclusions— The AIS-APS is a valid risk score for predicting in-hospital SAP after AIS.
Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies: Making Classrooms More Responsive to Diversity

The primary focus of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a classwide peer tutoring program in reading for three learner types: low achievers with and without disabilities and average achievers. Twelve schools, stratified on student achievement and family income, were assigned randomly to experimental and control groups. Twenty teachers implemented the peer tutoring program for 15 weeks; 20 did not implement it. In each of the 40 classrooms, data were collected systematically on three students representing the three learner types. Pre- and posttreatment reading achievement data were collected on three measures of the Comprehensive Reading Assessment Battery. Findings indicated that, irrespective of type of measure and type of learner, students in peer tutoring classrooms demonstrated greater reading progress. Implications for policymaking are discussed.