Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Universal Glucose Models for Predicting Subcutaneous Glucose Concentration in Humans

This paper tests the hypothesis that a ¿universal,¿ data-driven model can be developed based on glucose data from one diabetic subject, and subsequently applied to predict subcutaneous glucose concentrations of other subjects, even of those with different types of diabetes. We employed three separate studies, each utilizing a different continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device, to verify the model's universality. Two out of the three studies involved subjects with type 1 diabetes and the other one with type 2 diabetes. We first filtered the subcutaneous glucose concentration data by imposing constraints on their rate of change. Then, using the filtered data, we developed data-driven autoregressive models of order 30, and used them to make short-term, 30-min-ahead glucose-concentration predictions. We used same-subject model predictions as a reference for comparisons against cross-subject and cross-study model predictions, which were evaluated using the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) and Clarke error grid analysis (EGA). We found that, for each studied subject, the average cross-subject and cross-study RMSEs of the predictions were small and indistinguishable from those obtained with the same-subject models. These observations were corroborated by EGA, where better than 99.0% of the paired sensor-predicted glucose concentrations lay in the clinically acceptable zone A. In addition, the predictive capability of the models was found not to be affected by diabetes type, subject age, CGM device, and interindividual differences. We conclude that it is feasible to develop universal glucose models that allow for clinical use of predictive algorithms and CGM devices for proactive therapy of diabetic patients.
Executive control and dimensions of problem behaviors in preschool children.

BACKGROUND Despite the widespread recognition of the importance of executive control (EC) in externalizing psychopathology, the relation between EC and problem behavior has not been well characterized, particularly in typically developing preschoolers. METHOD Using the sample, battery of laboratory tasks, and latent variable modeling methods described in Wiebe, Espy, and Charak (2008), systematic latent dimensions of parent-rated problem behavior, measured by integrating scales from developmental and clinical traditions, were determined empirically, and then were related to EC. RESULTS Substantial relations between EC and problem behaviors were revealed by extracting the common variance of interest and eliminating extraneous variance, which were robust to estimated child intelligence and differed somewhat in preschool boys and girls. CONCLUSION Preschool EC measured by laboratory tasks appears to tap abilities that strongly and robustly support broad control processes enabling behavioral regulation across cognitive and emotional domains.
It's Got You Covered

Fourteen years after its initial description, the nuclear factor k B (NFk B) signaling pathway endures as a prime example of rapidly responsive gene regulation (Sen and Baltimore, 1986). Even with the complexities revealed through the elucidation of converging activation pathways and diverging downstream effectors, a generalized scheme of NFk B signaling remains elegant in its logic: (a) external signals stimulate a kinase(s), such as NFk B–inducing kinase (NIK), MEKK1, Akt, or TBK1/NAK, which activates the inhibitor of NFk B protein kinase (IKK); (b) IKK then phosphorylates the inhibitor of NFk B protein (I k B) on two critical serine residues, which targets I k B for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the 26S proteasome; (c) previously held captive in the cytoplasm through its association with I k B, the Rel/NFk B dimeric transcription factor is now free to enter the nucleus, find its DNA sequence recognition motifs, and regulate transcription (reviewed in Mercurio and Manning, 1999; Ozes et al., 1999; Pomerantz and Baltimore, 1999; Romashkova and Makarov, 1999; Tojima et al., 2000). The ongoing examination of NFk B signaling has revealed its everexpanding role in stress responses, apoptosis, cell survival, oncogenesis, and development. The list of potent inducers of NFk B is also diverse and includes proinflammatory stimuli such as tumor necrosis factor a (TNF a ), cytokines and interleukin 1 b (IL-1 b ), bacterial and viral products, pro-apoptotic and necrotic stimuli ranging from ultraviolet light and g -irradiation to oxygen free radicals, and, most recently, cell survival factors, e.g., neurotrophins (reviewed by Gerondakis et al., 1998; Foo and Nolan, 1999; Li and Karin, 1999; Middleton et al., 2000). While first discovered as a key regulatory factor of the immune system, NFk B is now recognized as an important player in the functioning of many organs and cell types. In the past few years, compelling evidence has been accumulating to suggest that the diversity in the outcome of NFk B activation may be largely a reflection of the cell type and differentiation state of the cell (Ozes et al., 1999; Romashkova and Makarov, 1999; Ernfors, 2000). In the skin, NFk B plays a particularly central role in epidermal biology. Perpetually subjected to the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun, the proliferative cells of the epidermis may rely on NFk B activation for protection and survival (Fisher et al., 1996; Qin et al., 1999; Seitz et al., 2000). More recent gain or loss of function studies in mice suggest an equally important role in balancing growth and differentiation in the epidermis. If correct, this would add yet another provocative function for NFk B in signaling pathways.
Benchmarking and Comparison of Software Project Human Resource Allocation Optimization Approaches

For the Staffing and Scheduling a Software Project (SSSP), one has to find an allocation of resources to tasks while considering parameters such skills and availability to identify the optimal delivery of the project. Many approaches have been proposed that solve SSSP tasks by representing them as optimization problems and applying optimization techniques and heuristics. However, these approaches tend to vary in the parameters they consider, such as skill and availability, as well as the optimization techniques, which means their accuracy, performance, and applicability can vastly differ, making it difficult to select the most suitable approach for the problem at hand. The fundamental reason for this lack of comparative material lies in the absence of a systematic evaluation method that uses a validation dataset to benchmark SSSP approaches. We introduce an evaluation process for SSSP approaches together with benchmark data to address this problem. In addition, we present the initial evaluation of five SSSP approaches. The results show that SSSP approaches solving identical challenges can differ in their computational time, preciseness of results and that our approach is capable of quantifying these differences. In addition, the results highlight that focused approaches generally outperform more sophisticated approaches for identical SSSP problems
Cross-sectional study on the prevalence of HPV antibodies in the general population of the Czech Republic

Objectives The assessment of the prevalence of antibodies to human papillomaviruses (HPV) in the healthy population is essential for effective planning of HPV vaccine implementation into the preventive programmes for HPV-associated diseases and for the prospective monitoring of the impact of HPV vaccines in the Czech population. Methods The seropositivity for HPV-6, 11, 16, 18, 31 and 33 virus-like particles was determined in sera from 3150 healthy individuals (age range 6–76 years) by means of enzyme-linked immunoassay. Results The seroprevalences for HPV-6, 11, 16, 18, 31 and 33 were 23.8%, 15.2%, 14.5%, 9.9%, 16.4% and 9.6% in women and 18.4%, 13.7%, 6.5%, 5.4%, 6.1% and 4.3% in men. For both genders, except for HPV11, these rates were age dependent. The prevalence of antibodies to HPV-16 and/or 18 reached the maximum of 27.0% in women 30–39 years of age and of 14.4% in men 50–59 years of age. The highest proportion of individuals' seropositive for any of the vaccine types HPV-6/11/16/18 was in 30- to 39-year-old women (50.0%) and in ≥60-year-old men (37.6%). Antibodies specific for vaccine HPV types were detected in 18.0% of children 6- to 14-year-old but in 26.4%, those older than 14 years. Conclusions The data reveal age-specific differences in the HPV seropositivity rates between healthy women and men and support the implementation of HPV vaccination in the Czech Republic before the age of 13.
Gradient damage models and their use in brittle fracture

The paper is devoted to gradient damage models which allow us to describe all the process of degradation of a body including the nucleation of cracks and their propagation. The construction of such model follows the variational approach to fracture and proceeds into two stages: (i) definition of the energy; (ii) formulation of the damage evolution problem. The total energy of the body is defined in terms of the state variables which are the displacement field and the damage field in the case of quasi-brittle materials. That energy contains in particular gradient damage terms in order to avoid too strong damage localizations. The formulation of the damage evolution problem is then based on the concepts of irreversibility, stability and energy balance. That allows us to construct homogeneous as well as localized damage solutions in a closed form and to illustrate the concepts of loss of stability, of scale effects, of damage localization, and of structural failure. Moreover, the variational formulation leads to a natural numerical method based on an alternate minimization algorithm. Several numerical examples illustrate the ability of this approach to account for all the process of fracture including a 3D thermal shock problem where the crack evolution is very complex.
Pitch pattern alternation in goshogawara Japanese: evidence for a prosodic phrase above the domain for downstep

The lexically accented words in Goshogawara Japanese can be realized in either of the two surface pitch patterns. The pitch pattern is said to alternate regularly, depending on the phrasing structure of an utterance. The organization of prosodic phrasing of this dialect, however, has been little investigated and thus it remains unclear what prosodic phrase functions as the domain for the alternation. This work determines the level of the phrase serving as the domain for the pitch pattern alternation. Is it hierarchically higher or lower than the domain for downstep? The experimental results reveal that the alternation does not take place at the prosodic boundary where downstep effect is blocked. The results provide evidence for the phrasing onelevel above the downstep domain, whose existence was not evident in the model proposed for Tokyo Japanese.
Brain-wide mapping of neural activity controlling zebrafish exploratory locomotion

In the absence of salient sensory cues to guide behavior, animals must still execute sequences of motor actions in order to forage and explore. How such successive motor actions are coordinated to form global locomotion trajectories is unknown. We mapped the structure of larval zebrafish swim trajectories in homogeneous environments and found that trajectories were characterized by alternating sequences of repeated turns to the left and to the right. Using whole-brain light-sheet imaging, we identified activity relating to the behavior in specific neural populations that we termed the anterior rhombencephalic turning region (ARTR). ARTR perturbations biased swim direction and reduced the dependence of turn direction on turn history, indicating that the ARTR is part of a network generating the temporal correlations in turn direction. We also find suggestive evidence for ARTR mutual inhibition and ARTR projections to premotor neurons. Finally, simulations suggest the observed turn sequences may underlie efficient exploration of local environments. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.12741. 001
Linear-time encodable and decodable error-correcting codes

Ab,stract-We present a new class of asymptotically good, linear error-correcting codes. These codes can be both encoded and decoded in linear time. They can also be encoded by logarithmicdepth circuits of linear size and decoded by logarithmic depth circuits of size 0 (n log n) . We present both randomized and explicit constructions of these codes. Zndex Terms- Asymptotically good error-correcting code, linear-time, expander graph, superconcentrators.
Nano Random Forests to mine protein complexes and their relationships in quantitative proteomics data

The large and ever-increasing numbers of quantitative proteomics datasets constitute a currently underexploited resource for drawing biological insights on proteins and their functions. Multiple observations by different laboratories indicate that protein complexes often follow consistent trends. However, proteomic data is often noisy and incomplete–members of a complex may correlate only in a fraction of all experiments, or may not be always observed. Inclusion of potentially uninformative data hence imposes the risk of weakening such biological signals. We have previously used the Random Forest (RF) machine-learning algorithm to distinguish functional chromosomal proteins from ‘hitchhikers’ in an analysis of mitotic chromosomes. Even though it is assumed that RFs need large training sets, in this technical note we show that RFs also are able to detect small high-covariance groups, like protein complexes, and relationships between them. We use artificial datasets to demonstrate the robustness of RFs to identify small groups even when working with mixes of noisy and apparently uninformative experiments. We then use our procedure to retrieve a number of chromosomal complexes from real quantitative proteomics results, which compare wild-type and multiple different knock-out mitotic chromosomes. The procedure also revealed other proteins that covary strongly with these complexes suggesting novel functional links. Integrating the RF analysis for several complexes revealed the known interdependency of kinetochore subcomplexes, as well as an unexpected dependency between the Constitutive-Centromere-Associated Network (CCAN) and the condensin (SMC 2/4) complex. Serving as negative control, ribosomal proteins remained independent of kinetochore complexes. Together, these results show that this complex-oriented RF (nanoRF) can uncover subtle protein relationships and higher-order dependencies in integrated proteomics data. Abbreviations: RF Random Forest MCCP Multi-Classifier Combinatorial Proteomics nanoRF Random forests trained with small training sets MVP Multivariate proteomic profiling FP Fractionation profiling ICP interphase chromatin probability CCAN Constitutive Centromere-Associated Network Nup Nucleoporin SMC Structural Maintainance of Chromosomes SILAC Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino acids in Cell culture
Fueling the engine and releasing the break: combinational therapy of cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly drawing much attention in the therapeutic development for cancer treatment. However, many cancer patients do not respond to treatments with immune checkpoint inhibitors, partly because of the lack of tumor-infiltrating effector T cells. Cancer vaccines may prime patients for treatments with immune checkpoint inhibitors by inducing effector T-cell infiltration into the tumors and immune checkpoint signals. The combination of cancer vaccine and an immune checkpoint inhibitor may function synergistically to induce more effective antitumor immune responses, and clinical trials to test the combination are currently ongoing.
Recombinant Factor VIIa concentrate versus plasma derived concentrates for the treatment of acute bleeding episodes in people with Haemophilia A and inhibitors.

BACKGROUND In some people with haemophilia, therapeutic clotting agents are recognised as a foreign protein and anti-FVIII antibodies, known as 'inhibitors', are produced. This review investigates which treatment most effectively arrests acute bleeding in people with haemophilia A and inhibitors. OBJECTIVES To determine the clinical effectiveness of recombinant FVIIa concentrate in comparison to plasma-derived concentrates for the treatment of acute bleeding episodes in people with haemophilia A and inhibitors. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group trials register which comprises of references identified from comprehensive electronic database searches and handsearching of relevant journals and abstract books of conference proceedings. Date of the most recent search of the Group's trials register: September 2003. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised (RCTs) and quasi-randomised controlled clinical trials comparing Recombinant FVIIa concentrate to human plasma-derived concentrates (high-dose human or recombinant FVIII concentrate; prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs); activated prothrombin complex concentrate (aPCC)) in people with haemophilia A. Comparisons with animal derived products were excluded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS No studies were found that were eligible for inclusion in this review. MAIN RESULTS A total of four studies were identified by the searches, however, none of these were eligible for inclusion in this review. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS No RCTs on the relative effectiveness of Recombinant FVIIa concentrate compared to human plasma-derived concentrates in people with haemophilia A and inhibitors were identified for inclusion in this review. The research evidence on which to base clinical decisions is therefore limited to case reports, and other less robust evidence. There is need for a well-designed, adequately-powered randomised controlled trial to assess the relative benefits and risks of using Recombinant FVIIa concentrate compared to human plasma-derived concentrates in people with haemophilia A and inhibitors.
Concise Review: Cell Therapies for Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury: Targeting Microglia

We present a model hypothesis of how several types of cell therapies may target microglia as one of the principal cell types contributing to the inflammatory response after brain injury and discuss how imaging of brain inflammation could potentially be applied to develop biomarkers in patients with stroke and TBI enrolled into stem cell clinical trials. Stem Cells 2016;34:537–542
Early correction of cell cycle perturbations predicts the immunological response to therapy in HIV-infected patients

Objective: To determine whether changes in the indices of HIV-associated cell cycle dysregulation (i.e., increased expression of cyclin B1 and abnormal nucleolar structure) may predict the level of immunological reconstitution in HIV-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of viral load, CD4 T cell counts, cyclin B1 expression, and AgNOR number and area of distribution in 30 HIV-infected patients who were studied before and up to 6 months after initiation of HAART. Results: In HIV-infected individuals, the level of cell cycle dysregulation correlated with the type of response to HAART. While low levels of dysregulation were present in patients with complete (both virological and immunological) response to HAART, high levels were present in HAART-treated patients with limited CD4 T cell increases despite persistent viral suppression (immunological non-responders). Importantly, the level of correction of cell cycle dysregulation after 60 days of therapy predicted the level of immune reconstitution after 6 months. Conclusion: These observations suggest that correction of cell cycle dysregulation predicts a good immunological response to HAART and that sequential analysis of cell cycle dysregulation might help to identify patients that could benefit from alternative, immune-based interventions in addition to standard HAART.
Assessing Global Ocean Wind Energy Resources Using Multiple Satellite Data

Wind energy, as a vital renewable energy source, also plays a significant role in reducing carbon emissions and mitigating climate change. It is therefore of utmost necessity to evaluate ocean wind energy resources for electricity generation and environmental management. Ocean wind distribution around the globe can be obtained from satellite observations to compensate for limited in situ measurements. However, previous studies have largely ignored uncertainties in ocean wind energy resources assessment with multiple satellite data. It is against this background that the current study compares mean wind speeds (MWS) and wind power densities (WPD) retrieved from scatterometers (QuikSCAT, ASCAT) and radiometers (WindSAT) and their different combinations with National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoy measurements at heights of 10 m and 100 m (wind turbine hub height) above sea level. Our results show an improvement in the accuracy of wind resources estimation with the use of multiple satellite observations. This has implications for the acquisition of reliable data on ocean wind energy in support of management policies.
Impact of Cold Ischemia Time on Graft Survival Among ECD Transplant Recipients: A Paired Kidney Analysis

Delays in expanded criteria donor (ECD) kidney placement increases cold ischemia times (CIT) potentially leading to discard. The effect of increased CIT on ECD kidney transplant outcomes is unknown. We evaluated paired ECD kidneys (derived from the same donor transplanted to different recipients) from the SRTR registry transplanted between 1995 and 2009 (n = 17 514). To test the effect of CIT, we excluded paired transplants with the same CIT (n = 3286). Of 14 230 recipients (7115 donors) the median difference in CIT was 5 h (Q1 = 3 h, Q3 = 9 h). Delayed graft function (DGF) was significantly more likely between pairs with greater CIT (35% vs. 31%, p < 0.001) including substantially higher rates for CIT differences ≥15 h (42%). Overall graft loss was not significantly different between recipients with higher CIT relative to paired donor recipients with lower CIT (p = 0.47) or for pairs with differences of 1–3 h (p = 0.90), 4–9 h (p = 0.41), 10–14 h (p = 0.36) or ≥15 h (p = 0.10). Results were consistent in multivariable models adjusted for recipient factors. Although increasing cold ischemia time is a risk factor for DGF among ECD kidney transplants, there is no effect on graft survival which may suggest an important utility for donor kidneys that may not currently be considered viable.