Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between fluid intelligence and ability to benefit from cognitive-behavioural therapy in older adults: a preliminary investigation.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to conduct a preliminary evaluation of the hypothesis that fluid intelligence in older adults is associated with the ability to benefit from cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), but unrelated to the ability to benefit from non-directive supportive counselling (SC). METHOD A sample of 32 older adults who had completed a randomized controlled trial course of either CBT (N = 16) or SC (N = 16) for anxiety disorders took part in the study. The Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM) test was used to assess fluid intelligence. The Beck Anxiety Inventory change scores between pre-treatment and post-treatment were used as an index of ability to benefit from therapy. A measure of depressive symptomatology was also administered to control statistically for the effects of depression on intellectual functioning. RESULTS The results for the SC group showed a significant and positive association between fluid intelligence scores and anxiety change scores, such that older adults with higher levels of fluid intelligence demonstrated the most benefit from this intervention. In contrast, there was no significant association between level of fluid intelligence and ability to benefit from therapy in the CBT group. CONCLUSION CBT for anxiety disorders is suitable for older adults, irrespective of their fluid intelligence, while the nature of SC may render it more sensitive to level of fluid intelligence.
Information entropy and the space of decoherence functions in generalized quantum theory

In standard quantum theory, the ideas of information-entropy and of pure states are closely linked. States are represented by density matriceson a Hilbert space and the information-entropy −tr(�log�) is minimised on pure states (pure states are the vertices of the boundary of the convex set of states). The space of decoherence functions in the consistent histories approach to gen- eralised quantum theory is also a convex set. However, by showing that every decoherence function can be written as a convex combination of two other
The plastic ear and perceptual relearning in auditory spatial perception

The auditory system of adult listeners has been shown to accommodate to altered spectral cues to sound location which presumably provides the basis for recalibration to changes in the shape of the ear over a life time. Here we review the role of auditory and non-auditory inputs to the perception of sound location and consider a range of recent experiments looking at the role of non-auditory inputs in the process of accommodation to these altered spectral cues. A number of studies have used small ear molds to modify the spectral cues that result in significant degradation in localization performance. Following chronic exposure (10–60 days) performance recovers to some extent and recent work has demonstrated that this occurs for both audio-visual and audio-only regions of space. This begs the questions as to the teacher signal for this remarkable functional plasticity in the adult nervous system. Following a brief review of influence of the motor state in auditory localization, we consider the potential role of auditory-motor learning in the perceptual recalibration of the spectral cues. Several recent studies have considered how multi-modal and sensory-motor feedback might influence accommodation to altered spectral cues produced by ear molds or through virtual auditory space stimulation using non-individualized spectral cues. The work with ear molds demonstrates that a relatively short period of training involving audio-motor feedback (5–10 days) significantly improved both the rate and extent of accommodation to altered spectral cues. This has significant implications not only for the mechanisms by which this complex sensory information is encoded to provide spatial cues but also for adaptive training to altered auditory inputs. The review concludes by considering the implications for rehabilitative training with hearing aids and cochlear prosthesis.
Jet maximization, axis minimization, and stable cone finding

Jet finding is a type of optimization problem, where hadrons from a high-energy collision event are grouped into jets based on a clustering criterion. As three interesting examples, one can form a jet cluster that (1) optimizes the overall jet four-vector, (2) optimizes the jet axis, or (3) aligns the jet axis with the jet four-vector. In this paper, we show that these three approaches to jet finding, despite being philosophically quite different, can be regarded as descendants of a mother optimization problem. For the special case of finding a single cone jet of fixed opening angle, the three approaches are genuinely identical when defined appropriately, and the result is a stable cone jet with the largest value of a quantity J. This relationship is only approximate for cone jets in the rapidity-azimuth plane, as used at the Large Hadron Collider, though the differences are mild for small radius jets.
Technical Correcspondence: Clarrification concerning modularization and McCabe's cyclomatic complexity

CORRESPONDENCE T he December 1999 issue of C o m m u n i c a t i o n s contains a technical correspondence by Brian Henderson-Sellers (pp. 17-19) that misinterprets McCabe's cyclomatic complexity. While raising some interesting issues, the article contradicts McCabe's "landmark" publication [5] and what has become a national [6] and international standard in software measurement. Since such misinterpretation may confuse a large number of programmers who have applied McCabe's metric manually or through the use of automated tools, we feel this clarilying response is warranted. We will point out the analytical flaws behind Henderson-Sellers' proposed modification of the cyclomatic complexity fornmla, and then relate the modification to the integration complexity measure of McCabe and Butler [7].
Import Demand Elasticities for Mauritius and South Africa: Evidence from two recent cointegration techniques

This paper applies two new tests for cointegration to re-estimate the import demand elasticities for Mauritius and South Africa. The data for Mauritius are for the period 1963 to 1995 while those for South Africa are for the period 1960 to 1996. Stability of the cointegration space is examined using the Hansen stability tests. Based on the bounds testing procedure for cointegration - the autoregressive distributed lag and the error correction test approaches - we find evidence of cointegration for both countries. Domestic income and relative prices have significant implications on import demands of the two countries in the long run, with the former having the most impact. The cointegration space appears stable for both countries. The dynamic relationship in the import demand model is also apparent from the results; this suggests that any shock to imports takes Mauritius three years and South Africa eight years away from the equilibrium level.
A Node-to-Node Location Verification Method

In this paper, we study the problem of location claim verification of a mobile node in a wireless network. Existing verification methods rely primarily on cooperative approaches, which require the cooperation of several detecting nodes for the verification of a location claim from a target node. These methods all suffer from one or both of the drawbacks: 1) not able to cope with a sparse network situation and 2) the design being based on a particular measurement technique. To remedy the drawbacks, we propose a general location verification scheme. It employs a node-to-node approach for location verification and could use different measurement techniques; moreover, it supports location verification in sparse networks. The proposed verification scheme has been shown to be able to achieve satisfactory performance via extensive real-world Global-Positioning-System-based wireless sensor network experiments.
A New Empirical Method for Estimating the Far-Infrared Flux of Galaxies

We propose a new empirical method to estimate the total far-infrared flux of galaxies from the spectral energy distribution (SED) at wavelengths lambda shorter than 100 microns. It is difficult to derive the total far-infrared luminosity from only the IRAS data, though it is one of the most important properties of galaxies. Observations by Infrared Telescope in Space (IRTS) indicate that the SED of the diffuse emission from the Galactic plane in this wavelength region can be derived from the 60 microns to 100 microns color. This empirical SED relation was improved in order to obtain a better fit to the Galactic plane data for I(60 microns)/I(100 microns) > 0.6, and applied to 96 IRAS galaxies for which ISOPHOT and KAO data are available at lambda > 100 microns. As a result, the empirical relation describes well the far-infrared (FIR) SED for a majority of the galaxies. Additionally, the total FIR flux for lambda longer than 40 microns is derived from the flux densities at 60 and 100 microns by using this model. For the 96 IRAS galaxies, the uncertainty in the total far-infrared flux of the present method is 26%. The present method is more accurate than the previous one widely used to derive the total infrared flux from the IRAS 60 and 100 microns data.
Dynamical friction in dwarf galaxies

A B STR A CT We present a simplified analytic approach to the problem of the spiralling of a massive body orbiting within the dark halo of a dwarf galaxy. This dark halo is treated as the core region of a King distribution of dark matter particles, in consistency with the observational result of dwarf galaxies having solid-body rotation curves. Thus we derive a simple formula which provides a reliable and general first-order solution to the problem, totally analogous to the one corresponding to the dynamical friction problem in an isothermal halo. This analytic approach allows a clear handling and a transparent understanding of the physics and the scaling of the problem. A comparison with the isothermal case shows that in the core regions of a King sphere, dynamical friction proceeds at a different rate, and is sensitive to the total core radius. Thus, in principle, observable consequences may result. In order to illustrate the possible effects, we apply this formula to the spiralling of globular cluster orbits in dwarf galaxies, and show how present-day globular cluster systems could, in principle, be used to derive better limits on the structure of dark haloes around dwarf galaxies, when the observational situation improves. As a second application, we study the way a massive black hole population forming a fraction of these dark haloes would gradually concentrate towards the centre, with a consequent deformation of an originally solid-body rotation curve. This effect allows us to set limits on the fraction/mass of any massive black hole minority component of the dark haloes of dwarf galaxies. In essence, we take advantage of the way the global matter distribution fixes the local distribution function for the dark matter particles, which in turn determines the dynamical friction problem.
Dysfunctional Policy Transfer in National Tax Blacklists

Common sense and much of the policy transfer literature suggests that learning from abroad delivers better policy at lower cost. In contrast, this article argues that policy transfer in tax blacklists has been a dysfunctional process tending to replicate errors. Rather than reflecting learning, normative mimicry, or market pressures, over-committed policymakers have responded to complexity and crisis by unreflectively cutting and pasting from foreign models. Facing a short-term political imperative to "do something" about tax evasion in an environment of fiscal crisis, many policy makers have compiled blacklists of tax havens by copying lists of "the usual suspects" from abroad. Evidence for both the process of transfer and the dysfunctional nature of resulting policy is provided by tracking recurring errors in these lists that are unlikely to have arisen independently.
Internet Purchases, Cross-Border Shopping, and Sales Taxes

Using data from the Current Population Survey for 1997 and 2001, we estimate the probability that a consumer engages in online shopping. We use variation in sales-tax rates by county to identify the effects of the sales-tax rate in the home county and adjacent counties. We also control for the sales-tax base. The estimates are consistent with the interpretation that consumers use Internet shopping to avoid sales taxes. In addition, consumers who live adjacent to counties with lower sales-tax rates are less likely to shop via the Internet, all else equal. We interpret this as evidence of cross-border shopping.
The Policy Determinants of Hours Worked Across OECD Countries

The author is especially grateful to Catherine Chapuis for outstanding research assistance, to Sven Blöndal, Jean-Marc Burniaux, Jørgen Elmeskov, Jean-Luc Schneider, Caroline Abettan, Véronique Henriksson, Herwig Immervoll, Paul Swaim, John Martin, Christian Gianella, Stefano Scarpetta and Flavio Padrini for their help and comments, as well as several OECD colleagues for comments. Introduction. 2 Background and motivation . 3 Cross-country analysis of average hours worked . 3 Microeconomic analysis of individual hours worked: main findings . 8 Contributions and limitations of the present analysis . 9 The issue: analyse the determinants of the intensive margin of labour supply . 9 The approach: from aggregate to semi-aggregate data. 11 Frontiers and limitations of the analysis . 11 Assessing the role of taxes and other policies on hours worked: a semi-aggregate analysis . 12 Empirical approach. 12 The results: the differential impact of taxes and policies by gender . 17 Country-fixed effects and omitted variables . 28 Conclusion . 32
Geometric correlations mitigate the extreme vulnerability of multiplex networks against targeted attacks

We show that real multiplex networks are unexpectedly robust against targeted attacks on high-degree nodes and that hidden interlayer geometric correlations predict this robustness. Without geometric correlations, multiplexes exhibit an abrupt breakdown of mutual connectivity, even with interlayer degree correlations. With geometric correlations, we instead observe a multistep cascading process leading into a continuous transition, which apparently becomes fully continuous in the thermodynamic limit. Our results are important for the design of efficient protection strategies and of robust interacting networks in many domains.
Cross-Linguistically Shared and Language-Specific Sound Symbolism for Motion: An Exploratory Data Mining Approach

This paper demonstrates a new quantitative approach to identify what is behind universally sensed sound symbolism and sound symbolism detected only by speakers of a particular language. We presented 70 locomotion videos to Japanese and English speakers and asked them to create a word that would sound-symbolically match each action, then to rate the action on five semantic dimensions. Multivariate analyses revealed that certain sound-meaning links (e.g., voicing and speed) were more consistent than others within and across languages. Language-specific sound symbolism was also found for some sound-meaning links (e.g., the affricate manner of articulation was associated with light motions in Japanese, but with heavy motions in English). This implies that cross-linguistically shared and language-specific parts of sound symbolism are intricately intertwined within each language. This research underscores the importance of a bottom-up approach which can exploratorily investigate the complex sound-symbolic systems as a whole.
Perceived likelihood of activity-based costing to succeed in a university setting

The study provides exploratory empirical evidence on the likelihood of Activity Based Costing (ABC) to succeed in a university setting and the association of this success with specific behavioral implementation factors. The study examined perceptions of Edith Cowan University's ABC users and preparers of the likelihood of the system to succeed in the University and their perceptions of eleven behavioral implementation factors identified by previous studies to have significant association with ABC implementation success. Results were analyzed so as to determine the significance of the correlation between the users' and preparers' perceptions of each of the eleven factors and their perception of the likelihood of ABC implementation to succeed in ECU. Results were then analyzed independently for the user group as well as for the preparer group to test the ability of the study model to explain the ABC success likelihood from each group's perspective. Results also were analyzed to detect differences, if found, between users and preparers in their perceptions of the ABC success likelihood as well as their perceptions of each of the eleven implementation factors. The study has four primary results. First, results indicate the existence of significant positive correlations between the study participants' perceptions of the likelihood of ABC success and their perceptions of top management involvement and support to the implementation project, the linkage of the ABC system with the University's competitive strategies and continuous improvement programs, the training provided to employees at all levels concerning designing, implementing and using the ABC system, the likelihood to take ABC ownership by non-accountants as well as by accountants, and the existence of an organizational culture within the University that allows the embracement of the ABC change. Second, the study confirmed that the study' s eleven behavioural factors altogether explains significantly the users' perceptions of the likelihood of ABC to succeed in the University. Third, the theoretical framework predicting the effect of the study's eleven implementation behavioural variables on the likelihood of ABC to succeed fails to explain significantly preparers' perceptions of the
Liver kinase B1 enhances chemoresistance to gemcitabine in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells

Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is a well-known tumor suppressor gene in a variety of human cancers, including breast cancer. However, its role in gemcitabine resistance is unclear. Since gemcitabine in combination with other chemotherapeutic reagents is the first-line treatment in advanced breast cancer, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of ectopic expression of LKB1 on chemosensitivity to gemcitabine in the breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line. Increasing the expression of LKB1 was found to directly correlate with gemcitabine chemoresistance. Although LKB1 suppressed the cell proliferation rate and clonogenicity in the absence of gemcitabine, it increased the median inhibitory concentration of gemcitabine and clonogenicity of cells in the presence of gemcitabine. Mechanistic analysis indicated that LKB1 was able to protect cells from DNA damage caused by gemcitabine. Furthermore, it was found that LKB1 induced a significant upregulation of cytidine deaminase expression, an important enzyme that accelerates gemcitabine catabolization. Overall, dual characteristics of LKB1 were identified: Suppressing cell growth in normal conditions and enhancing chemoresisitance to gemcitabine, possibly by accelerating degradation of gemcitabine, and protecting cells from DNA damage caused by gemcitabine.
Synergy and Group Size in Microbial Cooperation

Microbes produce many molecules that are important for their growth and development, and the exploitation of these secretions by nonproducers has recently become an important paradigm in microbial social evolution. Although the production of these public-goods molecules has been studied intensely, little is known of how the benefits accrued and the costs incurred depend on the quantity of public-goods molecules produced. We focus here on the relationship between the shape of the benefit curve and cellular density, using a model assuming three types of benefit functions: diminishing, accelerating, and sigmoidal (accelerating and then diminishing). We classify the latter two as being synergistic and argue that sigmoidal curves are common in microbial systems. Synergistic benefit curves interact with group sizes to give very different expected evolutionary dynamics. In particular, we show that whether and to what extent microbes evolve to produce public goods depends strongly on group size. We show that synergy can create an “evolutionary trap” that can stymie the establishment and maintenance of cooperation. By allowing density-dependent regulation of production (quorum sensing), we show how this trap may be avoided. We discuss the implications of our results on experimental design.
Injective modules and linear growth of primary decompositions

The purposes of this paper are to generalize, and to provide a short proof of, I. Swanson's Theorem that each proper ideal a in a commutative Noetherian ring R has linear growth of primary decompositions, that is, there exists a positive integer h such that, for every positive integer n, there exists a minimal primary decomposition an = qnln. fnqnkn with +/hn C qni for all i = 1,. , kn. The generalization involves a finitely generated R-module and several ideals; the short proof is based on the theory of injective R-modules.
Ultrastructural localization of the high molecular weight proteins associated with in vitro-assembled brain microtubules

Microtubules isolated from brain extracts by in vitro assembly (1, 19, 23) are composed principally of two tubulins and two high molecular weight proteins (microtubule-associated proteins [MAPS] 1 and 2) (2,5,7,20). Recently, it was demonstrated that in vitro-assembled brain microtubules (neurotubules) are coated with filaments (5, 7) which are similar to the filaments attached to neurotubules in situ (4, 15, 21, 24, 25), and it was suggested that the filaments are composed of the higher molecular weight MAPs (5, 7, 12). In this study, microtubules were assembled in the presence and absence of the MAPs, and thin sections of the microtubules were examined by electron microscopy. The results show that the filaments only occur on microtubules assembled in the presence of the MAPs and it is therefore concluded that the filaments are composed of the high molecular weight MAP's.
Verification of Remotely Sensed Sea Surface Winds in Hurricanes

Abstract Surface winds in hurricanes have been estimated remotely using the Stepped-Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) from the NOAA WP-3D aircraft for the past 15 years. Since the use of the GPS dropwindsonde system in hurricanes was first initiated in 1997, routine collocated SFMR and GPS surface wind estimates have been made. During the 1998, 1999, and 2001 hurricane seasons, a total of 249 paired samples were acquired and compared. The SFMR equivalent 1-min mean, 10-m level neutral stability winds were found to be biased high by 2.3 m s−1 relative to the 10-m GPS winds computed from an estimate of the mean boundary layer wind. Across the range of wind speeds from 10 to 60 m s−1, the rmse was 3.3 m s−1. The bias was found to be dependent on storm quadrant and independent of wind speed, a result that suggests a possible relationship between microwave brightness temperatures and surface wave properties. Tests of retrieved winds' sensitivities to sea surface temperature, salinity, atmospheric thermodyn.