Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
XMM-Newton observations of the first unidentified TeV gamma-ray source
TeV J2032+4130

Context. The first unidentified very high energy gamma ray source (TeV J2032+4130) in the Cygnus region has been the subject of intensive search for a counterpart source at other wavelengths. In particular, observations in radio and X-rays are important to trace a population of non-thermal electrons. Aims. A deep ( ≈ 50 ks) exposure of TeV J2032+4130 with XMM-Newton has been obtained. The large collection area and the field of view of the X-ray telescopes on-board of XMM-Newton allow to search for faint extended X-ray emission possibly linked to TeV J2032+4130. Methods. The contribution of point sources to the observed X-ray emission from TeV J2032+4130 is subtracted from the data. The point-source subtracted X-ray data are analyzed using blank sky exposures and regions adjacent to the position of TeV J2032+4130 in the field of view covered by the XMM-Newton telescopes to search for diffuse X-ray emission. Results. An extended X-ray emission region with a full width half maximum ( FWHM ) size of ≈ 12 arcmin is found. The centroid of the emission is co-located with the position of TeV J2032+4130. The angular extension of the X-ray emission region is slightly smaller than the angular size of TeV J2032+4130 ( FWHM =14 ± 3 arcmin). The energy spectrum of the emission coinciding with the position and extension of TeV J2032+4130 can be modeled by a power-law model with a photon index Γ =1.5 ± 0.2 stat ± 0.3 sys and an energy flux integrated between 2 and 10 keV of $f_{2-10~{\rm keV}} \approx$ 7$\times$10 -13 erg/(cm 2 s) which is lower than the very high energy gamma-ray flux observed from TeV J2032+4130. The energy flux detected from the extended emission region is about a factor of two smaller than the summed contribution of the point sources present. The energy spectrum can also be fit with a thermal emission model from an ionized plasma with a temperature $k_{\rm B}T\approx$ 10 keV. Conclusions. We conclude that the faint extended X-ray emission discovered in this observation is the X-ray counterpart of TeV J2032+4130. Formally, it can not be excluded that the extended emission is due to an unrelated population of faint, hot ($k_{\rm B}T\approx$ 10 keV) unresolved point-sources which by chance coincides with the position and extension of TeV J2032+4130. We discuss our findings in the frame of both hadronic and leptonic gamma-ray production scenarios.
Bmp Induces Osteoblast Differentiation through both Smad4 and mTORC1 Signaling

ABSTRACT The bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) family of secreted molecules has been extensively studied in the context of osteoblast differentiation. However, the intracellular signaling cascades that mediate the osteoblastogenic function of Bmp have not been fully elucidated. By profiling mRNA expression in the bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor cell line ST2, we discover that BMP2 induces not only genes commonly associated with ossification and mineralization but also genes important for general protein synthesis. We define the two groups of genes as mineralization related versus protein anabolism signatures of osteoblasts. Although it induces the expression of several Wnt genes, BMP2 activates the osteogenic program largely independently of de novo Wnt secretion. Remarkably, although Smad4 is necessary for the activation of the mineralization-related genes, it is dispensable for BMP2 to induce the protein anabolism signature, which instead critically depends on the transcription factor Atf4. Upstream of Atf4, BMP2 activates mTORC1 to stimulate protein synthesis, resulting in an endoplasmic reticulum stress response mediated by Perk. Thus, Bmp signaling induces osteoblast differentiation through both Smad4- and mTORC1-dependent mechanisms.
Maintaining views incrementally

We present incremental evaluation algorithms to compute changes to materialized views in relational and deductive database systems, in response to changes (insertions, deletions, and updates) to the relations. The view definitions can be in SQL or Datalog, and may use UNION, negation, aggregation (e.g. SUM, MIN), linear recursion, and general recursion. We first present a counting algorithm that tracks the number of alternative derivations (counts) for each derived tuple in a view. The algorithm works with both set and duplicate semantics. We present the algorithm for nonrecursive views (with negation and aggregation), and show that the count for a tuple can be computed at little or no cost above the cost of deriving the tuple. The algorithm is optimal in that it computes exactly those view tuples that are inserted or deleted. Note that we store only the number of derivations, not the derivations themselves. We then present the Delete and Rederive algorithm, DRed, for incremental maintenance of recursive views (negation and aggregation are permitted). The algorithm works by first deleting a superset of the tuples that need to be deleted, and then rederiving some of them. The algorithm can also be used when the view definition is itself altered.
Highly Selective Bioconversion of Ginsenoside Rb1 to Compound K by the Mycelium of Cordyceps sinensis under Optimized Conditions

Compound K (CK), a highly active and bioavailable derivative obtained from protopanaxadiol ginsenosides, displays a wide variety of pharmacological properties, especially antitumor activity. However, the inadequacy of natural sources limits its application in the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, we firstly discovered that Cordyceps sinensis was a potent biocatalyst for the biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1 into CK. After a series of investigations on the biotransformation parameters, an optimal composition of the biotransformation culture was found to be lactose, soybean powder and MgSO4 without controlling the pH. Also, an optimum temperature of 30 °C for the biotransformation process was suggested in a range of 25 °C–50 °C. Then, a biotransformation pathway of Rb1 → Rd → F2 → CK was established using high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Our results demonstrated that the molar bioconversion rate of Rb1 to CK was more than 82% and the purity of CK produced by C. sinensis under the optimized conditions was more than 91%. In conclusion, the combination of C. sinensis and the optimized conditions is applicable for the industrial preparation of CK for medicinal purposes.
The return of the native: the blurred boundaries of insider/outsider research in an English secondary school

This paper outlines the methodological issues I faced during my research as a ‘returning native’ in an English secondary school. The empirical research took the form of a three‐year case study and used some ethnographic methods, as it comprised interviews carried out over a period of three academic years in the school in which I was once employed as a teacher. I was also given the opportunity to work in the school as a consultant in the lead‐up to and during its Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills (OfSTED) inspection. This enabled me to conduct interviews, observe, interact in informal conversations and participate in the inspection week. In this paper I explore the unique role of the insider‐researcher, or returning native. Not only was this a school in which I had previously worked, but actually participating in the inspection added new layers of complex loyalty.
Change and continuity in the functions of the American English modals

Une analyse des modaux dans la representation ecrite de l'anglais americain parle depuis 1824 montre des changements significatifs aussi bien en ce qui concerne l'usage des modaux que les fonctions des expressions modales. Le but de l'A. est de repondre a deux questions: 1)Dans quelle mesure les langues sont-elles semblables et stables par rapport aux fonctions qu'elles expriment? 2)Pourquoi la langue change-t-elle?
Bounds on the Permanent and Some Applications

We give new lower and upper bounds on the permanent of a doubly stochastic matrix. Combined with previous work, this improves on the deterministic approximation factor. We also give a combinatorial application of the lower bound, proving S. Friedland's "Asymptotic Lower Matching Conjecture"for the monomer-dimer problem.
Avaliação da satisfação do consumidor utilizando o método de equações estruturais: um modelo aplicado ao setor elétrico brasileiro

This article presents the Consumer Satisfaction Model for the Brazilian Electric Utility Industry, based on Structural Equations Method. There were used the evaluation of the Distribution Service Quality, and of the Perceived Value as Satisfaction antecedents. There was also created a latent variable representing the Global Satisfaction and it was used as the global score of each energy provider. Complementing the model, it also was inserted the loyalty construct, evaluated through some sceneries in which the consumer was exposed to some advantages and measured his intention to change to other option. The obtained results indicated a good model validity and internal consistency, as well as flexibility to measure the Satisfaction in several situations (for different companies, country regions, etc). In the same way, for the methodology replication in other Brazilian economic industries, it is allowed the performance comparison among them and with international benchmarks.
Controversial fluorescence in situ hybridization cytogenetic abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: new insights from a large cohort

The significance of rarer cytogenetic abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) remains controversial. We performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) prior to initial therapy on 618 CLL patients seen at our centre between 2005 and 2012. With a median follow‐up of 5·6 years, we found that 55 patients harbouring 14q32 rearrangements without t(14;18) had a shorter time to first treatment (TTFT) (median 26 months, P = 0·03) than patients with t(14;18) (median not reached). Patients with mono‐ or bi‐allelic del(13q) as a sole abnormality had a similarly long TTFT (median not reached). Those patients who harboured 3 or more FISH abnormalities without del(17p) had a short TTFT (4·6 months), comparable to patients with del(17p) (8 months); however, the overall survival for patients with 3 or more FISH abnormalities was longer than for patients with del(17p) with 0 or 1 additional abnormalities (median not reached vs. 54 months). FISH cytogenetics remains a useful genetic tool in the clinic, even in the era of next generation sequencing and, as such, our data provide valuable new insights for counselling patients.
Applying Markov Logic for Debugging Probabilistic Temporal Knowledge Bases

A probabilistic temporal knowledge base contains facts that are annotated with a time interval and a confidence score. The interval defines the time span for which it can be assumed that the fact is true with a probability that is expressed by the confidence score. Given a probabilistic temporal knowledge base, we propose the use of Markov Logic in combination with Allen’s interval calculus to select the most probable consistent subset of facts by computing the MAP state. We apply our approach on a specific domain of DBpedia, namely the domain of academics. We simulate a scenario of extending a knowledge base automatically in an open setting by adding erroneous facts to the facts stated in DBpedia. Our results in- dicate that we can eliminate a large fraction of these errors without removing too many correctly stated facts.
A THEORETICAL MODEL OF THE EVOLUTION OF MATERNAL EFFECTS UNDER PARENT–OFFSPRING CONFLICT

The evolution of maternal effects on offspring phenotype should depend on the extent of parent–offspring conflict and costs and constraints associated with maternal and offspring strategies. Here, we develop a model of maternal effects on offspring dispersal phenotype under parent–offspring conflict to evaluate such dependence. In the absence of evolutionary constraints and costs, offspring evolve dispersal rates from different patch types that reflect their own, rather than the maternal, optima. This result also holds true when offspring are unable to assess their own environment because the maternal phenotype provides an additional source of information. Consequently, maternal effects on offspring diapause, dispersal, and other traits that do not necessarily represent costly resource investment are more likely to maximize offspring than maternal fitness. However, when trait expression was costly, the evolutionarily stable dispersal rates tended to deviate from those under both maternal and offspring control. We use our results to (re)interpret some recent work on maternal effects and their adaptive value and provide suggestions for future work.
Assessing the Influence of Journal of Consumer Research: A Citation Analysis

This article employs citation analysis to investigate empirically the influence of the "Journal of Consumer Research" (JCR) on the social science literature. Some 7,166 citations from the Social Science Citation Index (1974-89) were made to 537 articles published in JCR between 1974 and 1986. The results show that most research appearing in JCR is used and that research in the journal has an influence on other disciplines. Consumer research, marketing, and psychology were the largest users of JCR. Empirical articles have the single largest influence on the literature, although review and theory articles have a disproportionate influence. Copyright 1991 by the University of Chicago.
Cohabiting unions, repartnering and mental health

Background. A considerable body of research has established that transitions out of marriage are generally deleterious for mental health and some have examined transitions out of cohabitation. In this study we depart from these established areas to investigate the effects of poor mental health on the duration and outcome of cohabitations and on the time to, and likelihood of, repartnering after both cohabitation and marriage. Method. Samples came from the British Household Panel Survey, 1991–2001. These were: (1) 447 cohabiting spells; (2) 5571 paired person-years during cohabitation; (3) 508 spells after cohabitation; (4) 1197 person-year observations within those spells; (5) 869 spells after marriage; and (6) 2736 person-year observations within those spells. Life tables, log-rank tests, multinomial logit and proportional hazard models were used. Mental health was measured by the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Results. Poor mental health increased the risk of dissolving a cohabiting union for both men and women. Poor mental health reduced the risk of repartnering after a cohabiting union but had no effect on the risk of repartnering after a marriage. Other factors such as past marital status, age and parental status also had significant effects. Conclusions. This study provides evidence that poor mental health during a cohabiting union increases the chances of that union dissolving instead of turning into marriage and poorer mental health immediately after a transition out of a cohabiting union is associated with reduced chances of repartnering.
Human Langerhans cells are immature in melanoma sentinel lymph nodes.

To the editor: The specific function of Langerhans cells (LCs) in the skin immune system is controversial and a matter of intense debate. [1][1] As epidermal LCs are potential targets for cancer immunotherapy, the topic is of primary importance. [2][2] Recently, van de Ven et al showed that LCs are
Challenging data sets for point cloud registration algorithms

The number of registration solutions in the literature has bloomed recently. The iterative closest point, for example, could be considered as the backbone of many laser-based localization and mapping systems. Although they are widely used, it is a common challenge to compare registration solutions on a fair base. The main limitation is to overcome the lack of accurate ground truth in current data sets, which usually cover environments only over a small range of organization levels. In computer vision, the Stanford 3D Scanning Repository pushed forward point cloud registration algorithms and object modeling fields by providing high-quality scanned objects with precise localization. We aim to provide similar high-caliber working material to the robotic and computer vision communities but with sceneries instead of objects. We propose eight point cloud sequences acquired in locations covering the environment diversity that modern robots are susceptible to encounter, ranging from inside an apartment to a woodland area. The core of the data sets consists of 3D laser point clouds for which supporting data (Gravity, Magnetic North and GPS) are given for each pose. A special effort has been made to ensure global positioning of the scanner within mm-range precision, independent of environmental conditions. This will allow for the development of improved registration algorithms when mapping challenging environments, such as those found in real-world situations.1
Boundaries and Quandaries: How Professors Negotiate Market Relations

Closer university-market relations are evidenced in increased university patenting, the formation of start-up companies, and partnerships with industry. They are part of a state and policy effort to link science and engineering to the market, thereby developing new technologies, stimulating economic growth, and creating new jobs. Yet the blurring of boundaries between the two institutions creates quandaries for faculty and administrators. Using a National Science Foundation database and interviews, this article explores the effects of redrawn boundaries, the need to negotiate disputed boundaries, and the role of start-up companies in the new academic environment.
MODELING VOCAL-TRACT INFLUENCE IN REED WIND INSTRUMENTS

This paper explores the influence of upstream vocal tract res onances in reed wind instrument performance and modeling. Vocal tract manipulations are a common, though sometimes subtle, performance practice exploited by experienced musicians to produce a variety of important acoustic effects, in cluding contemporary performance techniques such as multiphonics and extended range playing. Several previous acoustic studies have been conducted and most agree that the upstream system can have significant influence under certain circumstances. There is less agreement regarding the importance of this mechanism in “traditional” playing ranges and conditions. Several digital waveguide structures are proposed to implement this element of the performer-instrument system. The simplest approach involves modeling the oral cavity with a single resonance peak which can be easily controlled to test coupling and reed entrainment, as well as upstream-downstream interactions. The model verifies upstream influence and demo nstrates real-time behavior very similar to that experience d in reed wind instrument playing. Multi-resonance vocal tract models are briefly considered and issues of real-time control ar e discussed.
Is policing domestic violence institutionally racist? A case study of south Asian Women

This article examines the relationship between police services offered to Asian women as victims of domestic violence and institutional racism. Interviews with officers and women belonging to the minority ethnic communities in two police force areas in England showed that black and minority ethnic (BME) women victims of domestic violence suffer a double disadvantage in terms of the poor service that victims of domestic violence receive in general and because their special needs on account of their ethnicity are not taken into account. The article identifies various problem areas in the way domestic violence incidents in the Asian community are policed, and argues that discussing this issue as an outcome of institutionally racist practices would give it a higher profile and perhaps provide a stronger impetus for introducing necessary reforms and changes in police policy, practice, and training.
Visual Abilities in Older Adults Explain Age-Differences in Stroop and Fluid Intelligence but Not Face Recognition: Implications for the Vision-Cognition Connection

The associations among age, visual abilities and cognitive abilities were investigated using structural equation modeling. Measures of Visual Acuity, Colour Vision, Contrast Sensitivity, Stroop, Face Recognition and Fluid intelligence (Gf) were administered to a volunteer sample (n = 90) aged 60-87. Visual Acuity was associated with Gf even after controlling for chronological age. Age differences in Stroop were explained entirely by Colour Vision performance. However, neither Visual Acuity nor Colour Vision explained age-differences in Face Recognition. The results show that performance on some neuropsychological tests is influenced by visual ability and challenge the conventional identification of ageing effects on the Stroop task with deficits in frontal executive functioning. Visual abilities do not, however, contribute to age-differences in all cognitive domains suggesting that sensory and cognitive performance declines are not necessarily due to common biological ageing processes.
Are bryophytes shade plants? Photosynthetic light responses and proportions of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total carotenoids.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Data are presented from 39 species of mosses and 16 liverworts for ratios of chlorophylls and total carotenoids, and light saturation of photosynthetic electron flow or photosynthetic CO2 uptake, in relation to the postulate that bryophyte cells in general show shade-plant characteristics. METHODS Pigment concentrations were measured by spectrophotometer in 80 % acetone extracts. Light-saturation curves were constructed by (modulated) chlorophyll florescence and for some species by infra-red gas analysis. KEY RESULTS The pigment measurements were widely variable but broadly in line with the findings of previous authors. Median values (mosses/liverworts) were: total chlorophyll, 1.64/3.76 mg g(-1); chlorophyll a : b, 2.29/1.99; chlorophylls : carotenoids, 4.74/6.75). The PPFD values at 95 % saturation (estimated from fitted curves) also ranged widely, but were almost all <1000 micromol m(-2) s(-1); the median for mosses was 583 and for liverworts 214 micromol m(-2) s(-1). The two highest PPFD95% values were from Polytrichum species with lamella systems forming a ventilated photosynthetic tissue. Total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a : b and chlorophylls : carotenoids all correlated significantly with PPFD95%. CONCLUSIONS Bryophytes include but are not inherently shade plants. Light-saturation levels for species of open sun-exposed habitats are lower than for vascular sun plants and are probably limited by CO2 diffusion into unistratose leaves; this limit can only be exceeded by bryophytes with ventilated photosynthetic tissues which provide increased area for CO2 uptake.
Black-White Differences in Self-Esteem: Are They Affected by Response Styles?

Blacks are more likely than whites to use the extreme response categories in Likert-type questionnaire items. This general tendency has important implications for black-white comparisons along self-esteem dimensions. Analyses of several large-scale nationally representative surveys of high school students reveal that (1) blacks score significantly higher than whites when the full-scale range is used in computing self-esteem scores, but (2) the black-white discrepancy disappears when a truncated scoring method is employed to control differences in the use of extreme response categories.