Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Goal Orientation and Reading Strategy Use of Turkish Students of an English Language Teaching Department

This study aims to investigate qualitatively the role of goal orientation in reading comprehension both in native (L1) and second or foreign languages (L2), and the reading strategy use in L1 and L2 of the Turkish advanced students of an English Language Teaching (ELT) Department in order to understand the pedagogical aspects of reading. The data of this phenomenological study come from one-on-one, semi-structured interviews carried out with 8 Turkish ELT students; 4 preparatory class students, 4 firstyear students, who take a reading course. The results of the study demonstrated that the participants had a variety of goal orientations which lend support to the multiple goal approach that claims the reasons students have for engaging in the academic endeavours influence the goals they adopt. All the students perceive the reading strategies as helpful. The data of the study evidenced that mastery goal oriented, and high mastery and low performance-approach participants use more strategies than the performanceapproach (except for one) and work-avoidant participants. Mastery goal oriented students seemed to be more persistent when they confront a comprehension problem in English. All of them think that there is a necessity to teach reading strategies to the students both in their L1 and L2. Keywords: Goal Orientation, Reading Strategy Use in L1 and L2, Reading Motivation, Multiple Goals, Phenomenology Reading is a skill that human beings need both in their daily and academic lives. Among the four language skills, it has a key role in that it is a means to improve other language skills, and it is crucial in grammar and vocabulary learning. Grabe (2002) claims that reading ability, in a second language (L2), is one of the most important skills in academic settings, because it is through reading that people learn new information and have a chance to obtain alternative explanations and interpretations about certain information. However, it is a complex and multifaceted activity as the readers perform this activity through orchestrating cognitive, metacognitive, motivational, and social processes. Reading is a cognitive process in that it requires mental capacities such as attention, memory, ability to analyse, ability to make inferences, and visualization. Besides all this, the readers need to know and regulate their cognition which is referred to as metacognition (Baker & Brown, 1984). These two processes are carried out by the readers by employing reading strategies which are according to Afflerbach, Pearson, and Paris (2008) “deliberate, goal-directed attempts to control and modify reader’s efforts to decode text, understand words, and construct meanings of text” (p. 368). As these strategic processes are seen as inevitable elements to attain desired reading comprehension by the L1 and L2 reading researchers (Sheorey & Mokhtari, 2001), reading researchers have attempted to investigate and shed light on the reading strategies, and the issues related to them such as the relation between reading strategy use and reading
Transfer learning with deep networks for saliency prediction in natural video

The main purpose of transfer learning is to resolve the problem of different data distribution, generally, when the training samples of source domain are different from the training samples of the target domain. Prediction of salient areas in natural video suffers from the lack of large video benchmarks with human gaze fixations. Different databases only provide dozens up to one or two hundred of videos. The only public large database is HOLLYWOOD with 1707 videos available with gaze recordings. The main idea of this paper is to transfer the knowledge learned with the deep network on a large dataset to train the network on a small dataset to predict salient areas. The results show an improvement on two small publicly available video datasets.
Differential impact of GAD67 suppression in distinct GABA-ergic interneuron populations: Implications for mental illness

ii DEDICATION For all of the great teachers I have had the honor of learning from, both inside and outside of classrooms and laboratories. For the mice who were the brains of this operation. For the patients who will hopefully benefit from research based on these and other experiments. And for my family, without whom this would not have been possible. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I have been incredibly fortunate to have been able to learn from so many great teachers and mentors. I first have to thank Karoly Mirnics, my principle investigator, for giving me the opportunity to learn and develop into a productive scientist. I joined the Mirnics Lab as a behaviorist with a liberal arts psychology degree and was able to learn molecular biology through the coordinated efforts of Karoly, Sciences and the Neuroscience Graduate Program. I came to Vanderbilt with the intent of developing molecular knowledge and training and I could not have made a better choice in that regard. I also have to thank my dissertation committee who played a tremendous role in my development as well: Christine Konradi, my chair, Gregg Stanwood, and Liz Hammock. Their guidance challenged me to think beyond my comfort zone to develop my skills and knowledge and their support enabled me to complete the task. I cannot thank them and Karoly enough. I could not have been successful without each of them. I am well prepared to move forward in science thanks to everyone at Vanderbilt. I also want to thank Karoly, the Mirnics lab, and the Neuroscience Graduate Program for the opportunity and freedom to discover both personally and professionally. I had to face some difficult times in my personal life during graduate school and I can't thank them enough for providing me with the support to overcome and the freedom to find the answers I needed. I am well prepared to move forward in life thanks to everyone at iv Vanderbilt and I will be forever grateful for that. This work would not have been possible without financial support from the National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH067234) and the Vanderbilt Graduate Program Scholars Award. for teaching me so much about science, behavior, logic, and writing. Without their guidance and encouragement, I would not be where I am today. Finally, I would like to thank my family. My wife Alexandra for all of her encouragement and love, my mother …
Allocation of Control Rights to Customised Products: Empirical Analysis of Finnish SMEs

Tuotekehitys on noussut merkittavaksi yhteistyoalueeksi yritystoiminnassa. Tuotantopanosten raatalointi ja kehittaminen asiakkaan erityistarpeisiin synnyttaa usein innovatiivisia ratkaisuja ja niihin liittyvia immateriaalioikeuksia (esim. patentteja, tekijanoikeuksia ja liikesalaisuuksia). Yhteistyossa syntyneiden immateriaalioikeuksien jakaminen onkin keskeinen kohta yritysten valisissa sopimuksissa. Immateriaalioikeudet mahdollistavat kehitystyon tulosten taloudellisen hyodyntamisen ja edelleen kehittamisen, ja nain ollen niiden omistus sisaltaa vahvan panostuskannustimen. Yritykset joutuvat tavallisesti sopimaan t&k-yhteistyosta epavarmuuden vallitessa, tavoiteltavaa lopputulosta kun on usein mahdoton ennalta taysin maaritella. Talousteorian nakokulmasta yritykset pyrkivat optimaaliseen lopputulokseen ja jakavat nain ollen innovaation omistusoikeuden sille osapuolelle, jonka panostus innovaation kehittamisessa on tarkeampi. Yritysten neuvotteluvoima on toinen teorian tunnistama omistusoikeuden jakoon vaikuttava tekija. Tassa artikkelissa tarkastellaan sellaisia suomalaisia asiakas-toimittajasuhteita, joissa immateriaalioikeuksia syntyy yhteistyota edellyttavan raataloinnin tuloksena. Useimmat toimialat kattavaa kyselyaineistoa hyodyntaen tutkimuksessa arvioidaan panostusten kriittisyyden ja neuvotteluaseman merkitysta immateriaalioikeuksien jakamisessa. Suomalaisaineiston perusteella voidaan paatella, etta yritysten toimintaa ohjaa laadun tavoittelu, koska osapuolten panostukset selittavat merkitsevasti immateriaalioikeuksien jakoa. Neuvotteluvoimalla sen sijaan nayttaa – joskin tietyin varauksin – olevan vahemman sijaa omistuskysymysten ratkaisussa.
Trajectories of interethnic contact and prejudice in a four-waves study of Romanian teenager–parent pairs

ABSTRACT This article investigated negatively valenced contact and the relationship between parental and teenagers’ outgroup negativity in a context of interethnic conflict based on the latent trajectory analysis of a four-wave study of teenager–parent pairs (N = 234). The analyses revealed that negative outgroup information prevailed both intra- and inter-generationally. On one hand, ascending trends of negative contact correlated positively and significantly with ascending trends of outgroup negativity and this relationship was stronger than the opposite association between change in positive contact and change in outgroup negativity. On the other hand, parental increases in outgroup negativity were associated with similar increases among teenagers, but there were no significant relationships between parental change in positive contact and teenagers’ positive contact and prejudice. The discussion focuses on the implications of the results for the positive–negative contact asymmetry and on the importance of social communication in conflicting contexts.
A Quantitative Study on the Aspectization of Exception Handling

It is usually assumed that the implementation of exception handling can be better modularized by the use of aspect-oriented programming (AOP). However, the trade-offs involved in using AOP with this goal are not yet well- understood. To the best of our knowledge, no work in the literature has attempted to assess whether AOP really promotes an enhancement in well-understood qual- ity attributes other than separation of concerns, when used for modulariz ing non- trivial exception handling code. This paper presents a quantitative study of the ad- equacy of aspects for modularizing exception handling code. The study consisted of refactoring part of a real object-oriented system so that the code re sponsible for handling exceptions was moved to aspects. We employed a suite of metrics to measure quality attributes of the original and refactored systems, includ ing coupling, cohesion, and conciseness. We found that AOP improved separation of concerns between exception handling code and normal application code. How- ever, contradicting the general intuition, the aspect-oriented version of th e system did not present significant gains for any of the four size metrics we emp loyed.
Two distinct functions of the carboxyl-terminal tail domain of NF-M upon neurofilament assembly: cross-bridge formation and longitudinal elongation of filaments

Neurofilaments are the major cytoskeletal elements in the axon that take highly ordered structures composed of parallel arrays of 10-nm filaments linked to each other with frequent cross-bridges, and they are believed to maintain a highly polarized neuronal cell shape. Here we report the function of rat NF-M in this characteristic neurofilament assembly. Transfection experiments were done in an insect Sf9 cell line lacking endogenous intermediate filaments. NF-L and NF-M coassemble to form bundles of 10-nm filaments packed in a parallel manner with frequent cross-bridges resembling the neurofilament domains in the axon when expressed together in Sf9 cells. Considering the fact that the expression of either NF-L or NF-M alone in these cells results in neither formation of any ordered network of 10-nm filaments nor cross- bridge structures, NF-M plays a crucial role in this parallel filament assembly. In the case of NF-H the carboxyl-tail domain has been shown to constitute the cross-bridge structures. The similarity in molecular architecture between NF-M and NF-H suggests that the carboxyl-terminal tail domain of NF-M also constitutes cross-bridges. To examine this and to further investigate the function of the carboxyl-terminal tail domain of NF-M, we made various deletion mutants that lacked part of their tail domains, and we expressed these with NF-L. From this deletion mutant analysis, we conclude that the carboxyl-terminal tail domain of NF-M has two distinct functions. First, it is the structural component of cross-bridges, and these cross-bridges serve to control the spacing between core filaments. Second, the portion of the carboxyl- terminal tail domain of NF-M that is directly involved in cross-bridge formation affects the core filament assembly by helping them to elongate longitudinally so that they become straight.
Quantifying the Quantified Self: A Study on the Motivations of Patients to Track Their Own Health

A new generation of patient-driven healthcare information systems (HIS) is emerging to advance traditional healthcare services and empower patient self-responsibility. Professional approaches to develop or improve HIS exist alongside evolving individual and community-shared approaches where patients take responsibility for their health data and health. Health Social Networks and the Quantified Self community are examples for such patient-driven initiatives. They inherently focus on empowering self-determination and responsibility. The success of future HIS relies – at least partially – on their engineers’ and developers’ capability to understand and use impulses from their respective target groups. The present study on self-tracking motivations aims to shed light on what drives people to track themselves. To this end, we conducted an exploratory survey with 150 self-trackers and developed a Five-Factor-Framework of Self-Tracking Motivations. The framework includes an inventory of five factors and a psychometrical scale of 19 items to measure individual drivers for self-tracking.
Feature Extraction and Pattern Recognition for Human Motion by a Deep Sparse Autoencoder

Human motion data is high-dimensional time-series data, and it usually contains measurement error and noise. Recognizing human motion on the basis of such high-dimensional measurement row data is often difficult and cannot be expected for high generalization performance. To increase generalization performance in a human motion pattern recognition task, we employ a deep sparse auto encoder to extract low-dimensional features, which can efficiently represent the characteristics of each motion, from the high-dimensional human motion data. After extracting low-dimensional features by using the deep sparse auto encoder, we employ random forests to classify low-dimensional features representing human motion. In experiments, we compared using the row data and three types of feature extraction methods - principal component analysis, a shallow sparse auto encoder, and a deep sparse auto encoder - for pattern recognition. The experimental results show that the deep sparse auto encoder outperformed the other methods with the highest average recognition accuracy, 75.1%, and the lowest standard deviation, ±3.30%. The proposed method, application of a deep sparse auto encoder, thus enabled higher recognition accuracy, better generalization and more stability than could be achieved with the other methods.
Pitfall of bispectral index during intraoperative seizure -a case report-

We report a case of a 42-year-old male who developed generalized tonic-clonic seizure with sudden, brief decrease in bispectral index (BIS) value while undergoing emergency kidney transplantation. Few reports have been made on intraoperative pitfall of BIS value associated with seizure. This case report suggests seizure should be taken into account as a reason for such brief fall of BIS, especially while under general anesthesia or in other specific cases in which clinical signs of seizure are unseen.
On a theorem of von Neumann

J. von Neumann pointed out in a recent talk at Harvard the need for an elementary proof of the following theorem, which was originally proved by him using the Brouwer fixed-point theorem.1'2 The present note supplies such a proof. THEOREM. Let a,} and b1j be two reckanguakr matrices (i = 1, .,;-n, j = 1, .,Im) such that a 1 > Ofor alli , j. Then there exists a uniue kand vectorsx = (xl, . ., Xm), y (yi . y) subject tox, O,yi2: O,Zx, = 1 and 27yt = 1, such that
CANDIDATE MICROLENSING EVENTS FROM M31 OBSERVATIONS WITH THE LOIANO TELESCOPE

Microlensing observations toward M31 are a powerful tool for the study of the dark matter population in the form of MACHOs both in the Galaxy and the M31 halos, a still unresolved issue, as well as for the analysis of the characteristics of the M31 luminous populations. In this work, we present the second-year results of our pixel lensing campaign carried out toward M31 using the 152 cm Cassini telescope in Loiano. We have established an automatic pipeline for the detection and the characterization of microlensing variations. We have carried out a complete simulation of the experiment and evaluated the expected signal, including an analysis of the efficiency of our pipeline. As a result, we select 1–2 candidate microlensing events (according to different selection criteria). This output is in agreement with the expected rate of M31 self-lensing events. However, the statistics are still too low to draw definitive conclusions on MACHO lensing.
The Disk-Jet Connection in Microquasars and Active Galactic Nuclei

We propose a new model for the disk-jet connection in black hole X-ray transients and active galactic nuclei. In our model, the inner part of the accretion disk around the central black hole switches between two states. In one state, the accretion energy is dissipated locally (some within the disk, some within a corona) to produce the observed disk luminosity. In the second state, the accretion energy is deposited into the bulk flow of a relativistic jet. We associate the transition between the two states with the generation of a global, poloidal magnetic field. We show that this model can explain the observed behavior of black hole accretors.
Interleaved Parallel Schemes: improving memory throughput on supercomputers

On many commercial supercomputers, several vector register processors share a global highly interleaved memory in a MIMD mode. When all the processors are working on a single vector loop, a significant part of the potential memory throughput may be wasted due to the asynchronism of the processors. In order to limit this loss of memory throughput, a SIMD synchronization mode for vector accesses to memory may be used. But an important part of the memory bandwidth may be wasted when accessing vectors with an even stride. In this paper, we present IPS, a interleaved parallel scheme, which ensures an equitable distribution of elements on a highly interleaved memory for a wide range a vector strides. We show how to organize access to memory, such that unscrambling of vectors from memory to the vector register processors requires a minimum number of passes through the interconnection network.
Daily discrimination and binge eating among lesbians: a pilot study

ABSTRACT Cross-sectional research has shown that discrimination is associated with increased negative affect and binge eating among lesbian women. However, the relation between discrimination and binge eating on a daily basis has received limited empirical examination. We posit that discrimination can represent a form of aversive self-awareness such that after experiencing discrimination, individuals may become more conscious of society’s negative feelings towards sexual minorities. Participants were recruited through Facebook and LGBT organisations. A sample of 30 lesbian women aged 18–30 who reported binge eating in the past week completed daily measures of discrimination, negative affect, self-awareness and binge eating for 10 days. Hierarchical linear modelling showed that daily discrimination was associated with greater daily negative affect and lowered daily self-awareness. Daily negative affect was associated with reduced self-awareness, which in turn was associated with more binge eating. These results are consistent with escape theory and demonstrate the negative impact that daily discrimination has on binge eating in daily life among lesbian women via negative affect and lowered self-awareness. This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of using a daily diary approach to examine discrimination as a risk factor for disordered eating behaviour among lesbian women.
Simultaneous Neutralization and Innate Immune Detection of a Replicating Virus by TRIM21

ABSTRACT Tripartite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21) is a cytosolic immunoglobulin receptor that mediates antibody-dependent intracellular neutralization (ADIN). Here we show that TRIM21 potently inhibits the spreading infection of a replicating cytopathic virus and activates innate immunity. We used a quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based assay to measure in vitro replication of mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1), a virus that causes dose-dependent hemorrhagic encephalitis in mice. Using this assay, we show that genetic ablation of TRIM21 or chemical inhibition of either the AAA ATPase p97/valosin-containing protein (VCP) or the proteasome results in a >1,000-fold increase in the relative level of infection in the presence of immune serum. Moreover, the TRIM21-mediated ability of antisera to block replication was a consistent feature of the humoral immune response in immunized mice. In the presence of immune sera and upon infection, TRIM21 also activates a proinflammatory response, resulting in secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). These results demonstrate that TRIM21 provides a potent block to spreading infection and induces an antiviral state.
From curricular justice to educational improvement: What is the role of schools’ self-evaluation?

This article presents a study that aimed to understand the contributions of self-evaluation (SE) processes towards the development of curricular and social justice and educational improvement. The study focuses on data collected from the schools’ external evaluation (SEE) process and from the TEIP programme (Educational Territories of Priority Intervention) implemented in Portugal, namely, 144 SEE reports from 2012/2013 and 3 interviews to the responsible people for the educational project from a TEIP school. The collected data were analysed by content analysis using NVivo software, showing that the external evaluation of education systems can be one of the pillars in achieving justice when it causes a pedagogical intervention which reaffirms the links between curriculum, teaching and students’ learning. It also shows that SEE processes can have empowering potential when social justice and equity principles are present throughout its development and with the support of critical friends.