Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decision making under hypoxia: Oxygen depletion increases risk seeking for losses but not for gains

We report a preliminary study that compared decisions made in an oxygen depleted environment with those made in a normoxic environment. Participants were presented with a series of choices that involved either losses or gains. For each choice they were forced to choose between a sure thing and a gamble of the same expected value. For choices involving losses, participants were more risk seeking in the oxygen depleted environment; for those involving gains, no difference was found.
Investigation of Timescales for Channel, Rate, and Power Control in a Metropolitan Wireless Mesh Testbed 1

: We investigate the timescales for channel assignment, power control, and rate control in a metropolitan mesh network with links whose distances range from 1.6 to 5 Km. In particular, for channel assignment we consider a procedure that accounts for both intra-network and external interference, and investigate the timescale at which channels need to be re-assigned in order to achieve high performance. For rate control, we compare an auto-rate algorithm that adapts the transmission rate on a per-packet basis, with a fixed transmission rate scheme. For power control, we investigate the minimum transmission power required to achieve a high throughput, and how this power changes during the course of a day.
The Quest for Today's Totemic Psychology: A New Look at Wundt, Freud and Other Scientists

Totems are symbols or representations of human's affiliations with, and/or categorizations of, animals, plants and inanimate objects. Totemism is related to fundamental human belief systems based on totems. Investigating totems and totemism psychologically is a unique way to explore human minds. We have critically examined Wundt, Freud and many other scholars and scientists who made distinguished contributions to scientific research on totems and totemism almost in the past two centuries –i.e., totemic psychology, which is the study of our mind's categorization and affiliation in the human and natural world today. Understanding and appreciating their totemic psychology can help psychologists today enhance their understanding in other fields—e.g., ecological and environmental psychology, biological psychology, cognitive psychology, personality, social and ethnic psychology, clinical and counseling psychology, cultural psychology, and religious or spiritual psychology. Unfortunately, recent data from a content analysis via PsycInfo and a cross-cultural survey study (N=273) showed that well-trained psychologists around the world and psychology students in the United States and in China are unfamiliar with Wundt and Freud's totemic contributions to psychology today. The implications, benefits, and lessons of totems and today's totemic psychology are discussed here.
Incentives and Relative-Wealth Concerns: Theory and Evidence

In this paper I show that if risk-averse agents prefer both to be richer in absolute terms and to be richer than their peers (relative-wealth concerns), then 1) they will prefer positive correlation between their payoffs and the payoffs of other agents, and 2) they will be averse to negative correlation between payoffs. I test these theoretical predictions in a laboratory experiment. I find that subjects prefer positively correlated payoffs over risk-free and negatively correlated payoffs. Furthermore, subjects who by observing other participants' payoffs signal stronger relative-wealth concerns, also show stronger aversion to negatively correlated payoffs. Finally, women appear to be concerned about other agents' payoffs more than men. This novel evidence has implications that help explain why firms apparently use profit-sharing and broad-based incentives contracts too extensively, and why Relative Performance Evaluation (RPE) contracts are scarcely used in common compensation practice.The appendices for this paper are available at the following URL: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2492324
Application of Geochemistry and VNIR Spectroscopy in Mapping Heavy Metal Pollution of Stream Sediments in the Takab Mining Area, NW of Iran

This study considered the possibility of using visible and near infrared (VNIR) spectral absorption feature parameters (SAFPs) in predicting the concentration and mapping the distribution of heavy metals in sediments of the Takab area. In total, 60 sediment samples were collected along main streams draining from the mining districts and tailing sites, in order to measure the concentration of As, Co, V, Cu, Cr, Ni, Hg, Ti, Pb and Zn and the reflectance spectra (350–2500 nm). The quantitative relationship between SAFPs (Depth500nm, R610/500nm, R1344/778nm, Area500nm, Depth2200nm, Area2200nm, Asym2200nm) and geochemical data were assessed using stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) and enter multiple linear regression (EMLR) methods. The results showed a strong negative correlation between Ni and Cr with Area2200nm, a significant positive correlation between As and Asym2200nm, Ni and Co with Depth2200nm, as well as Co, V and total values with Depth500nm. The EMLR method eventuated in a significant prediction result for Ni, Cr, Co and As concentrations based on spectral parameters, whereas the prediction for Zn, V and total value was relatively weak. The spatial distribution pattern of geochemical data showed that mining activities, along with the natural weathering of base metal occurrences and rock units, has caused high concentrations of heavy metals in sediments of the Sarough River tributaries.
A Theory of Knowledge and Ignorance for Many Agents

We extend the notion of \only knowing" introduced by Halpern and Moses 11] to many agents and to a number of modal logics. In this approach, \all an agent knows is " is true in a structure M if, in M, the agent knows and has a maximum set of \possibilities". To extend this approach, we need to make precise what counts as a \possibility". In the single-agent case, we can identify a possibility with a truth assignment. In the multi-agent case, things are more complicated. We consider three notions of possibility (all related). We argue that the rst is most appropriate for non-introspective logics, such as Kn, Tn, and S4n, the second is most appropriate for K45n and KD45n, and the last is most appropriate for S5n. With the appropriate notion of possibility, we show that are reasonable extensions in all cases. Our results also shed light on the single-agent case. It was always assumed that one of the key aspects of Halpern-Moses approach in the single-agent case was its use of S5, rather than K45 or KD45. Our results show that the notion is better understood in the context of K45 (or KD45). In the single-agent case, the notion remains unchanged if we use K45 instead of S5. However, in the multi-agent case, there are signiicant diierences between K45 and S5. Moreover, in some sense, the K45 variants behave better: all results proved for the single-agent case extend more naturally to the multi-agent case of K45 than to the multi-agent case of S5. This paper is essentially identical to one that will appear in Journal of Logic and Computation. The United States Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes. Some of the material in this paper appeared in preliminary form in a paper entitled \Reasoning about only knowing with many agents" that appeared
Honest Databases That Can Keep Secrets

Polyinstantiation has generated a great deal of controversy lately. Some have argued that polyinstantiation and integrity are fundamentally incompatible, and have proposed alternatives to polyinstantiation. Others have argued about the correct de nition of polyinstantiation and its operational semantics. In this paper we provide a fresh analysis of the basic problem that we are trying to solve, i.e., how can a honest database keep secrets? Our analysis leads us to the concept of restricted polyinstantiation wherein we show how to solve this problem without compromising on any of the following requirements: secrecy, integrity, availability-of-service, element-level labeling and high assurance. This is the rst solution to meet all these requirements simultaneously.
Complementary subicular pathways to the anterior thalamic nuclei and mammillary bodies in the rat and macaque monkey brain

The origins of the hippocampal (subicular) projections to the anterior thalamic nuclei and mammillary bodies were compared in rats and macaque monkeys using retrograde tracers. These projections form core components of the Papez circuit, which is vital for normal memory. The study revealed a complex pattern of subicular efferents, consistent with the presence of different, parallel information streams, whose segregation appears more marked in the rat brain. In both species, the cells projecting to the mammillary bodies and anterior thalamic nuclei showed laminar separation but also differed along other hippocampal axes. In the rat, these diencephalic inputs showed complementary topographies in the proximal–distal (columnar) plane, consistent with differential involvement in object‐based (proximal subiculum) and context‐based (distal subiculum) information. The medial mammillary inputs, which arose along the anterior–posterior extent of the rat subiculum, favoured the central subiculum (septal hippocampus) and the more proximal subiculum (temporal hippocampus). In contrast, anterior thalamic inputs were largely confined to the dorsal (i.e. septal and intermediate) subiculum, where projections to the anteromedial nucleus favoured the proximal subiculum while those to the anteroventral nucleus predominantly arose in the distal subiculum. In the macaque, the corresponding diencephalic inputs were again distinguished by anterior–posterior topographies, as subicular inputs to the medial mammillary bodies predominantly arose from the posterior hippocampus while subicular inputs to the anteromedial thalamic nucleus predominantly arose from the anterior hippocampus. Unlike the rat, there was no clear evidence of proximal–distal separation as all of these medial diencephalic projections preferentially arose from the more distal subiculum.
Racism and xenophobia experienced by Polish migrants in the UK before and after Brexit vote

ABSTRACT In recent years the public discourses on Polish migration in the UK have rapidly turned hostile, especially in the context of economic crisis in 2008, and subsequently after the EU referendum in 2016. While initially Poles have been perceived as a ‘desirable’ migrant group and labelled as ‘invisible’ due to their whiteness, this perception shifted to the representation of these migrants as taking jobs from British workers, putting a strain on public services and welfare. While racist and xenophobic violence has been particularly noted following the Brexit vote, Polish migrants experienced various forms of racist abuse before that. This paper draws on narrative interviews with Polish migrant women illustrating their experiences of racism and xenophobia in Greater Manchester before and after the Brexit vote, and how they make sense of anti-Polish discourses and attitudes. This paper illustrates the importance of the interplay between the media and political discourses, class, race and the local context in shaping relations between Polish migrants and the local population.
Relationship Between English Proficiency and Academic Achievement of Nigerian Secondary School Students

Relationship Between English Proficiency and Academic Achievement of Nigerian Secondary School Students by Goldlyn Ugonna Ozowuba MS, Stockholm University, 2014 MEd, Imo State University, 2005 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Walden University April 2018
Prediktor Kualitas Pernikahan: Penyesuaian Pernikahan dan Nilai Personal

Pernikahan yang membahagiakan dan berkualitas merupakan dambaan setiap orang, termasuk mahasiswa yang sudah menikah. Penelitian ini menguji faktor penyesuaian pernikahan dan nilai-nilai personal sebagai faktor yang dapat memprediksi kualitas pernikahan. Subjek penelitian ini terdiri dari 45 mahasiswa suatu perguruan tinggi di Kota bandung yang sudah menikah yang dipilih dengan menggunakan metode snowball sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan Perceived Relationship Quality untuk mengukur kualitas pernikahan, Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale untuk mengukur penyesuaian pernikahan, dan Potrait Value Questionnare untuk mengukur nilai personal, dan kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji regresi berganda. Analisis data menunjukkan bahwa penyesuaian diri dapat memprediksi kualitas pernikahan, sedangkan nilai-nilai personal tidak. Hasil analisis data juga menunjukkan bahwa dimensi penyesuaian pernikahan yang paling berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kualitas pernikahan adalah kepuasan dyadic satisfaction .
p-ANCAs in autoimmune liver disorders recognise human β-tubulin isotype 5 and cross-react with microbial protein FtsZ

Objective Autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis are chronic inflammatory disorders of unknown aetiology, frequently associated with the presence of perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (p-ANCAs) directed against an unknown antigen of myeloid cells. Methods and Results Here, it is reported that p-ANCAs in autoimmune liver disorders react with β-tubulin isotype 5 (TBB-5) as autoantigen as well as with its evolutionary bacterial precursor protein FtsZ. Both proteins were confirmed as antigens of p-ANCAs in autoimmune liver disorders by demonstrating reactivity of ANCA-positive sera with recombinant TBB-5 (72–88%) and FtsZ (64–82%) on immunoblots and antigen-specific abrogation of ANCA immunofluorescence when sera had been preabsorbed with tubulin and FtsZ. Using sera from interleukin 10-deficient mice (Il10–/–), an animal model of inflammatory bowel disease, it was also demonstrated that antibodies against TBB-5 are generated in response to intestinal microorganisms. However, unlike autoimmune liver disorders, human antibodies to FtsZ in the absence of TBB-5 antibodies were also a frequent finding in non-autoimmune liver diseases (up to 95%). Reactivity to TBB-5 without the presence of FtsZ antibodies was found in very few cases (<1%) in autoimmune liver disorders. Conclusions Thus, p-ANCAs in autoimmune liver diseases are directed against human TBB-5 cross-reacting with the bacterial protein FtsZ, probably reflecting an abnormal immune response to intestinal microorganisms in susceptible, possibly genetically predisposed individuals.
Differences in vitamin D status may account for unexplained disparities in cancer survival rates between African and white Americans

Considerable disparities in cancer survival rates exist between African Americans (AAs) and white Americans (WAs). Various factors such as differences in socioeconomic status (SES), cancer stage at time of diagnosis, and treatment—which this analysis considers primary explanatory factors—have accounted for many of these differences. An additional factor not usually considered is vitamin D. Previous studies have inversely correlated higher solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) doses and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations with incidence and/or mortality rates for about 20 types of cancer and improved survival rates for eight types of cancer. Because of darker skin pigmentation, AAs have 40% lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations than WAs. This study reviews the literature on disparities in cancer survival between AAs and WAs. The journal literature indicates that there are disparities for 13 types of cancer after consideration of SES, stage at diagnosis and treatment: bladder, breast, colon, endometrial, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, rectal, testicular, and vaginal cancer; Hodgkin lymphoma and melanoma. Solar UVB doses and/or serum 25(OH)D concentrations have been reported inversely correlated with incidence and/or mortality rates for all of these cancers. This finding suggests that future studies should consider serum 25(OH)D concentrations in addressing cancer survival disparities through both measurements of serum 25(OH)D concentrations and increasing serum 25(OH)D concentrations of those diagnosed with cancer, leading to improved survival rates and reduced disparities.
Molar and molecular mobilities: The politics of perceptible and imperceptible movements

In this paper, I examine the processes through which movements emerge and are rendered perceptible or imperceptible, building upon the writings of geographers, mobility scholars and philosophers who have sought to overcome or efface the binary of mobility/stasis without flattening differences or overlooking questions of ‘the political’. The paper does this by distinguishing between ‘molar’ and ‘molecular’ movements, drawing upon Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s A Thousand Plateaus to trace how perceptions of movement and stasis emerge in a world that is in process and becoming. The molar and molecular are not presented as opposed terms in binary tension, but as overlapping tendencies or ‘segmentations’. I argue that a focus on movements and political forces that are becoming-molar and becoming-molecular requires mobility scholars and political theorists to move beyond narrow definitions founded upon binaries of mobility/stasis, the political/apolitical, and micro/macro. In doing this, the paper seeks to advance debates in geography, mobility studies and contemporary philosophy on processual thinking, vibrant matter, micropolitics and the politics of affect. Drawing upon the example of the Israeli separation wall in the West Bank, I then examine how molecular movements and affects are important for understanding the multiple movements and complex materialities of seemingly static molar entities.
Title: a Longitudinal Study of Policy Effect (smoke-free Legislation) On

A longitudinal study of policy effect (smoke-free legislation) on smoking norms: ITC Scotland/UK Authors: Abraham Brown, Crawford Moodie, Gerard Hastings. Authors affiliations: Abraham Brown MSc, Centre for Tobacco Control Research, Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling, UK. Crawford Moodie PhD, Centre for Tobacco Control Research, Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling, UK. Gerard Hastings PhD, Director, Institute for Social Marketing and Centre for Tobacco Control Research, University of Stirling, UK.
The Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen

The long quest for a measurement of the Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen is over. Last year we measured the 2S1/2F=1–2P3/2F=2 energy splitting (Pohl et al., Nature, 466, 213 (2010)) in μp with an experimental accuracy of 15 ppm, twice better than our proposed goal. Using current QED calculations of the fine, hyperfine, QED, and finite size contributions, we obtain a root-mean-square proton charge radius of rp = 0.841 84 (67) fm. This value is 10 times more precise, but 5 standard deviations smaller, than the 2006 CODATA value of rp. The origin of this discrepancy is not known. Our measurement, together with precise measurements of the 1S–2S transition in regular hydrogen and deuterium, gives improved values of the Rydberg constant, R∞ = 10 973 731.568 160 (16) m–1 and the rms charge radius of the deuteron rd = 2.128 09 (31) fm.
Representation independence and data abstraction

One purpose of type checking in programming languages is to guarantee a degree of "representation independence:" programs should not depend on the way stacks are represented, only on the behavior of stacks with respect to push and pop operations. In languages with abstract data type declarations, representation independence should hold for user-defined types as well as built-in types. We study the representation independence properties of a typed functional language (second-order lambda calculus) with polymorphic functions and abstract data type declarations in which data type implementations (packages) may be passed as function parameters and returned as results. The type checking rules of the language guarantee that two data type implementations P and Q are equivalence whenever there is a correspondence between the behavior of the operations of P and the behavior of the operations of Q.
Phosphodiesterase 4D acts downstream of Neuropilin to control Hedgehog signal transduction and the growth of medulloblastoma

Alterations in Hedgehog (Hh) signaling lead to birth defects and cancers including medulloblastoma, the most common pediatric brain tumor. Although inhibitors targeting the membrane protein Smoothened suppress Hh signaling, acquired drug resistance and tumor relapse call for additional therapeutic targets. Here we show that phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) acts downstream of Neuropilins to control Hh transduction and medulloblastoma growth. PDE4D interacts directly with Neuropilins, positive regulators of Hh pathway. The Neuropilin ligand Semaphorin3 enhances this interaction, promoting PDE4D translocation to the plasma membrane and cAMP degradation. The consequent inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) enhances Hh transduction. In the developing cerebellum, genetic removal of Neuropilins reduces Hh signaling activity and suppresses proliferation of granule neuron precursors. In mouse medulloblastoma allografts, PDE4D inhibitors suppress Hh transduction and inhibit tumor growth. Our findings reveal a new regulatory mechanism of Hh transduction, and highlight PDE4D as a promising target to treat Hh-related tumors. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.07068. 001
The Specificity of the Link Between Alexithymia, Interoception, and Imitation

Alexithymia is a subclinical condition traditionally characterized by difficulties identifying and describing one’s own emotions. Recent formulations of alexithymia, however, suggest that the condition may result from a generalized impairment in the perception of all bodily signals (“interoception”). Interoceptive accuracy has been associated with a variety of deficits in social cognition, but recently with an improved ability to inhibit the automatic tendency to imitate the actions of others. The current study tested the consequences for social cognition of the hypothesized association between alexithymia and impaired interoception by examining the relationship between alexithymia and the ability to inhibit imitation. If alexithymia is best characterized as a general interoceptive impairment, then one would predict that alexithymia would have the same relationship with the ability to control imitation as does interoceptive accuracy. Forty-three healthy adults completed measures of alexithymia, imitation-inhibition, and as a control, inhibition of nonimitative spatial compatibility. Results revealed the predicted relationship, such that increasing alexithymia was associated with an improved ability to inhibit imitation, and that this relationship was specific to imitation-inhibition. These results support the characterization of alexithymia as a general interoceptive impairment and shed light on the social ability of alexithymic individuals—with implications for the multitude of psychiatric, neurological, and neurodevelopmental disorders associated with high rates of alexithymia.