Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COURAGE to change practice? Revascularisation in patients with stable coronary artery disease

The role of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is clear (European Society of Cardiology STEMI Guideline 2008). 1 Randomised trials comparing primary PCI with fibrinolytic therapy have consistently demonstrated better outcomes and reduced bleeding complications with primary PCI, although data on prehospital lysis versus primary PCI are still awaited (STREAM study). Similarly, non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes guidelines recommend the use of PCI.2 The guidance is based upon a pooled analysis of randomised trials and the evidence is most compelling in higher-risk patients, but there is no evidence of benefit, and perhaps harm, in low-risk patients.2 3 However, world wide, most PCIs are performed for patients without acute myocardial infarction (MI) and unassociated with a recent acute coronary syndrome. For example, data from the United States indicate that among more than 1–2 million PCI procedures, the majority were performed in patients with stable coronary artery disease.4 In stable coronary disease, as in other clinical conditions, it is appropriate that invasive interventions may be used to relieve symptoms. It is critical that the decision-making process is robust and transparent and that clinicians and patients have a reliable assessment of risks versus benefits of the treatment options. However, evidence suggests that clinicians are overoptimistic about the potential outcome benefits of PCI and overpessimistic about medical management.5 At least half of clinicians surveyed believed that with medical management the outcome for two- and three-vessel disease was worse than the lower 95% confidence boundary based on the evidence.5 Recent data from patients in the USA discloses serious misconceptions. Some patients believed that the PCI in stable angina was being performed as an emergency (33% of patients surveyed), that it would prevent MI (71%) and that it would extend life (66%). 6 The …
Distribution and prevalence of chloramphenicol-resistance gene in escherichia coli isolated from aquaculture and other enviroment

To date, aquaculture has become one of the fastest growing food production systems in the world. In Malaysia, the aquaculture industry, particularly the production of freshwater aquaculture fish, is growing very quickly. Nevertheless, the illegal use of banned antimicrobial agents, such as chloramphenicol in aquaculture has become a major concern regarding the safety of consumers and the development of drug-resistant strains in bacteria. Driven by the factor stated above, the main intention of this study were to detect the chloramphenicol-resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from both aquaculture and other environmental water, and to determine the prevalence and distribution of the chloramphenicol-resistance genes. E. coli isolated from aquaculture was grown on EMB agar and screened for antibiotic resistance by antibiotic susceptibility test using chloramphenicol disks. The respective chloramphenicol-resistance gene in the isolates was detected by multiplex PCR with the primers C-1, C-2, C-3, C-4, C-R for cat I, cat II, cat III, and cat IV, respectively, in a single reaction mixture. From all the 27 isolates of E. coli isolated, 19 were resistant to chloramphenicol. All the 19 isolates indicated the presence of cat II gene, 13 isolates indicated the presence of cat I gene, 10 isolates indicated the presence of cat III gene, and 6 isolates indicated the presence of cat IV gene.
Evaluation of Protein Kinase Inhibitors with PLK4 Cross-Over Potential in a Pre-Clinical Model of Cancer

Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is a cell cycle-regulated protein kinase (PK) recruited at the centrosome in dividing cells. Its overexpression triggers centrosome amplification, which is associated with genetic instability and carcinogenesis. In previous work, we established that PLK4 is overexpressed in pediatric embryonal brain tumors (EBT). We also demonstrated that PLK4 inhibition exerted a cytostatic effect in EBT cells. Here, we examined an array of PK inhibitors (CFI-400945, CFI-400437, centrinone, centrinone-B, R-1530, axitinib, KW-2449, and alisertib) for their potential crossover to PLK4 by comparative structural docking and activity inhibition in multiple established embryonal tumor cell lines (MON, BT-12, BT-16, DAOY, D283). Our analyses demonstrated that: (1) CFI-400437 had the greatest impact overall, but similar to CFI-400945, it is not optimal for brain exposure. Also, their phenotypic anti-cancer impact may, in part, be a consequence of the inhibition of Aurora kinases (AURKs). (2) Centrinone and centrinone B are the most selective PLK4 inhibitors but they are the least likely to penetrate the brain. (3) KW-2449, R-1530 and axitinib are the ones predicted to have moderate-to-good brain penetration. In conclusion, a new selective PLK4 inhibitor with favorable physiochemical properties for optimal brain exposure can be beneficial for the treatment of EBT.
Efficient rank based KNN query processing over uncertain data

Uncertain data are inherent in many applications such as environmental surveillance and quantitative economics research. As an important problem in many applications, KNN query has been extensively investigated in the literature. In this paper, we study the problem of processing rank based KNN query against uncertain data. Besides applying the expected rank semantic to compute KNN, we also introduce the median rank which is less sensitive to the outliers. We show both ranking methods satisfy nice top-k properties such as exact-k, containment, unique ranking, value invariance, stability and fairfulness. For given query q, IO and CPU efficient algorithms are proposed in the paper to compute KNN based on expected (median) ranks of the uncertain objects. To tackle the correlations of the uncertain objects and high IO cost caused by large number of instances of the uncertain objects, randomized algorithms are proposed to approximately compute KNN with theoretical guarantees. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on both real and synthetic data to demonstrate the efficiency of our techniques.
Influence of Thiouracil on Carcinoma Induced by 2-Acetaminofiuorene*

Bielschowsky (2) reported the occurrence of carcinoma in the rat's thyroid gland made hyperplastic by administration of allyl thiourea when the carcinogen, 2-acetaminofluorene (AAF) was administered simultaneously. Applying a similar principle, we investigated the effects of administration of this carcinogen to rats in which hyperplasia of target organs was produced by injection of male and female sex hormones. No evidence of malignancy was observed in these organs under these circumstances, but it was found that simultaneous administration of sex hormones and AAF enhanced the development of carcinoma of the liver (4). At the same time, experiments were conducted designed to repeat the work of Bielschowsky, with minor variations. His observation regarding the development of thyroid malignancy was confirmed. It was noted also that the liver of rats receiving thiouracil was protected against the carcinogenic effect of AAF. The present communication reports (a) studies of the protective action of thiouracil against the hepatic lesions caused by AAF and (b) the effects on the thyroid gland of simultaneous administration of AAF and thiouracil. Inasmuch as thiouracil was found to protect the liver against carcinoma induced by AAF, and sex hormones enhanced the development of liver cancer, study of the protective action of thiouracil was extended to animals receiving AAF and sex hormones simultaneously. The effect of thiouracil on the development of liver cancer by p-dimethylaminoazobenzene was also investigated. In an attempt to study the mechanism by which thiouracil exerts its protective action, the effect of methionine was investigated, inasmuch as it has been suggested that thiouracil protects against dietary cirrhosis by lowering the requirement for methionine (6). The possible role of hypothyroidism in this protective mechanism was studied in experiments on thyroidectomized rats and on rats receiving thiouracil and thyroxin simultaneously.
Mismatch Repair Deficiency Does Not Mediate Clinical Resistance to Temozolomide in Malignant Glioma

Purpose: A major mechanism of resistance to methylating agents, including temozolomide, is the DNA repair protein O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT). Preclinical data indicates that defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR) results in tolerance to temozolomide regardless of AGT activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of MMR deficiency in mediating resistance in samples from patients with both newly diagnosed malignant gliomas and those who have failed temozolomide therapy. Experimental Design: The roles of AGT and MMR deficiency in mediating resistance in glioblastoma multiforme were assessed by immunohistochemistry and microsatellite instability (MSI), respectively. The mutation status of the MSH6 gene, a proposed correlate of temozolomide resistance, was determined by direct sequencing and compared with data from immunofluorescent detection of MSH6 protein and reverse transcription-PCR amplification of MSH6 RNA. Results: Seventy percent of newly diagnosed and 78% of failed-therapy glioblastoma multiforme samples expressed nuclear AGT protein in ≥20% of cells analyzed, suggesting alternate means of resistance in 20% to 30% of cases. Single loci MSI was observed in 3% of patient samples; no sample showed the presence of high MSI. MSI was not shown to correlate with MSH6 mutation or loss of MSH6 protein expression. Conclusions: Although high AGT levels may mediate resistance in a portion of these samples, MMR deficiency does not seem to be responsible for mediating temozolomide resistance in adult malignant glioma. Accordingly, the presence of a fraction of samples exhibiting both low AGT expression and MMR proficiency suggests that additional mechanisms of temozolomide resistance are operational in the clinic.
Reactive and Proactive Subtypes of Relational and Physical Aggression in Middle Childhood: Links to Concurrent and Longitudinal Adjustment

Abstract. Peer aggression in children is a serious issue that school psychologists often encounter on a daily basis. To develop a better understanding of aggression, it is important to look at specific subtypes of aggression and how they are related to adjustment difficulties. Past research has examined the links between reactive and proactive physical aggression and adjustment difficulties, but fewer studies have examined functional subtypes of relational aggression. Furthermore, little research has examined the associations between reactive and proactive relational aggression and adjustment difficulties in middle childhood. This study examined how reactive and proactive subtypes of both physical aggression and relational aggression were associated with adjustment difficulties (internalizing and externalizing problems) at Time 1 (third grade) and Time 2 (fourth grade) in a sample (n = 125) of children. Regression analyses showed that reactive relational aggression was associated with concurrent internalizing problems. Associations between aggression and externalizing difficulties varied by gender. These data suggest the importance of taking into account functional subtypes of both relational aggression and physical aggression when studying adjustment difficulties. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Autonomous initialization of robot formations

Real life deployment of robot formation cannot assume that robots are going to be correctly positioned to move in a particular configuration. To do so, we propose an approach that allows the group to determine autonomously the most appropriate assignment of positions in the formation. Our approach is distributed and uses directional visual perception to localize robots. Inter-robot communication allows them to share information on which robots are nearby, so that each can evaluate it ability to be the conductor of the group and assign formation positions to the other robots by minimizing repositioning. The assignment search is done using a distributed bounded depth-first with pruning search. The robot with the best score is selected as the conductor, and the other robots receive from the conductor their assignment in the formation. Validation of our work is done in simulation and with Pioneer 2 robots.
Excellent threshold switching device (Ioff ∼ 1 pA) with atom-scale metal filament for steep slope (< 5 mV/dec), ultra low voltage (Vdd = 0.25 V) FET applications

To realize a steep-slope-FET with low leakage current and low operating bias, we engineered two types of atom-switch devices and integrated them with a silicon MOSFET. The integrated atom-switch-FET exhibits extremely low leakage current (10<sup>−7</sup> μA/μm), high I<inf>on</inf>/I<inf>off</inf> ratio (> 10<sup>7</sup>), low operating bias (< 1 V) and sub-5 mV/dec subthreshold swing with abrupt transition range of 10<sup>4</sup>. Furthermore, through the comprehensive understanding on the steep-slope-transition phenomenon, control parameters of atom-switch devices such as R<inf>off</inf> and Vth, as for optimal performances of atom-switch-FET were investigated at various operating bias conditions.
The Ethics of Care and Treatment of Sex Offenders

The ethics of care acknowledges the importance of establishing and maintaining practices that help people to meet their needs, develop and protect basic capabilities for problem solving, emotional functioning, and social interaction, and avoid pain and suffering. In this article, we explore the contribution an ethics of care perspective can make to work with sex offenders. First, we briefly describe five classes of ethical problems evident in work with sex offenders. Second, the concept of care is defined and a justification for a version of care theory provided. Third, we apply the care ethical theory to ethical issues with sex offenders and demonstrate its value in responding to the five classes of problems outlined earlier.
Programmed cell death of T lymphocytes during acute viral infection: a mechanism for virus-induced immune deficiency

Acute viral infections induce immune deficiencies, as shown by unresponsiveness to mitogens and unrelated antigens. T lymphocytes isolated from mice acutely infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) were found in this study to undergo activation-induced apoptosis upon signalling through the T-cell receptor (TcR)-CD3 complex. Kinetic studies demonstrated that this sensitivity to apoptosis directly correlated with the induction of immune deficiency, as measured by impaired proliferation in response to anti-CD3 antibody or to concanavalin A. Cell cycling in interleukin-2 (IL-2) alone stimulated proliferation of LCMV-induced T cells without inducing apoptosis, but preculturing of T cells from acutely infected mice in IL-2 accelerated apoptosis upon subsequent TcR-CD3 cross-linking. T lymphocytes isolated from mice after the acute infection were less responsive to IL-2, but those T cells, presumably memory T cells, responding to IL-2 were primed in each case to die a rapid apoptotic death upon TcR-CD3 cross-linking. These results indicate that virus infection-induced unresponsiveness to T-cell mitogens is due to apoptosis of the activated lymphocytes and suggest that the sensitization of memory cells by IL-2 induced during infection will cause them to die upon antigen recognition, thereby impairing specific responses to nonviral antigens.
FLUORESCENCE CINEANGIOGRAPHIC AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE RABBIT EYE DURING EXPERIMENTAL HYPERCHOLESTEREMIA

In early works on experimental hypercholesteremia of the rabbit, no changes in the arteries of the brain or retina had been recorded (for review, see Duff 1935, Hueper 1945 and Duff and McMillan 1951) until in 1946 Altschul, by the application of a new modification of the induction of hypercholesteremia, brought about changes in some vessels in the brain; he also studied the retina and its vessels, and did not discern any changes. In 1964, two works particularly concerned with changes in the eye during experimental hypercholesteremia were published (Fransois and Neetens 1964, Janes 1964). In both of these works, changes in the retina were reported. Janes remarked an increase in the lipid material in the layer of rods and cones, and in the myelinated nerve fibres. The retinal artery appeared to have little lipid in its wall; there was a reduction in size of the retinal vessels, and in the number of visible branches when studied by funduscopy. Fransois and Neetens observed an increase in the tortuousness of the vessels already during the second month of hypercholesteremia, and in several animals a detachment of the retina. In histological stridies, they found a cystic degeneration of the internal plexiform layer, fascicular layer and optic nerve; moreover, foam cells were observable below the endothelium of the retinal arterioles, along with the infiltration of neutral fat around the vessels. The vasculature and circulation in the fundus of the normal rabbit eye have
Translation Elicitation Techniques and Mother-Tongue Interference: Any Significant Connection?.

This paper is based on a research project carried out at the University of Bahrain the purpose of which was to examine the validity of Dulay, Burt and Krashen's Hypothesis that the use of translation as an elicitation technique in FL/SL research artificially increases the L2 learner's reliance on the MT, and accordingly, the proportion of interference errors (1982:258). In order to examine the validity of this assumption, two elicitation tasks were constructed, one a translation of Arabic sentences into English and the other a series of English sentences with blanks for the students to fill with the definite article the, if necessary. In both tasks, the subjects' interference errors in the use of the English definite article were examined in order to find out whether or not interference errors in the translation task significantly outnumbered those in the blank-filling task. The subjects were 60 Arabic-speaking university students at different language levels, but with fairly similar sociocultural and educational backgrounds. Error analysis was performed and the interference errors were isolated. Following that, a statistical analysis was carried out on the L1 related errors made by the subjects in the two tasks. The results indicate that Dulay, Burt and Krashen's hypothesis, which links translation elicitation techniques to learners' resort to the mother tongue, is not valid. What the results reveal is that the subjects of this study made consistently, but not significantly more interference errors in the blank-filling task than in the translation task. Interestingly enough, however, with two groups of the subjects there were significantly more interference errors in the blank-filling task than in the translation task
Modulation of prefrontal cortex activation by emotional words in recognition memory

We employed event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine emotional valence effects on verbal recognition memory. Using a yes/no recognition task, we focussed on prefrontal cortex responses to positive, negative and neutral words. Behavioral data confirmed enhanced processing of emotional items and functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed different subregions in the prefrontal cortex supporting retrieval of emotional words. Activations in the right mid-ventrolateral prefrontal cortex correlated with the correct retrieval conditions for negative words, whereas the right ventromedial and orbitofrontal prefrontal cortex showed enhanced responses to positive words. Additionally, differences between old and new items mainly affected bilateral orbitofrontal regions when processing positive words. The results are discussed in terms of higher monitoring demands owing to familiarity-based recognition bias for emotional words.
A Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Double Masked Phase IB Study Evaluating the Safety and Antiviral Activity of Aprepitant, a Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist in HIV-1 Infected Adults

Background Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) antagonists have anti-HIV activity in monocyte-derived macrophages, decrease CCR5 expression and improve natural killer cell function ex vivo. Aprepitant is a NK1R antagonist approved by FDA as an antiemetic. Methods We conducted a phase IB randomized, placebo controlled, double masked study to evaluate the safety, antiviral activity, pharmacokinetics and immune-modulatory effects of aprepitant in HIV-infected adults not receiving antiretroviral therapy, with CD4+ cell count ≥350 cells/mm3 and plasma viral load ≥2,000 copies/ml. Subjects were stratified by viral load (< vs. ≥20,000 copies/ml) and randomized within each stratum to receive aprepitant at 125 mg QD(Low), or 250 mg QD(High), or placebo(PL) for 14 days, and followed for 42 days. Results Thirty subjects were randomized and 27 completed treatment (9, 8, 10 subjects in 125 (Low), 250 (High), and PL groups). 63% were male; 37% white; mean (SD) age 43 (9.3) years. Geometric mean baseline viral load (copies/ml) for Low, High, and PL was 15,709, 33,013, and 19,450, respectively. Mean (95%CI) change in log10 viral load at day 14 for Low, High, and PL was −0.02(−0.24,+0.20), −0.05(−0.21,+0.10), and +0.04(−0.08,+0.16), respectively. The number of subjects with AEs was 4(44.4%), 5(62.5%), and 1(10%) for Low, High, and PL. No Grade 4 AEs occurred. Conclusions Adverse events of aprepitant were more common in the treated groups. At the dose used in this two-week phase IB study, aprepitant showed biological activity, but no significant antiviral activity. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00428519
High-Performance Coplanar Waveguide to Empty Substrate Integrated Coaxial Line Transition

Recently, a new empty coaxial structure, entirely built with printed circuit boards, has been proposed. The resulting coaxial line has low radiation, low losses, high-quality factor, and is nondispersive. Up to now, this coaxial line has not been completely integrated in a planar substrate, since a working transition to a traditional planar line has not been defined yet. Therefore, in this paper, a high-quality transition from coplanar waveguide to this new empty coaxial line is proposed. With this transition, the coaxial line is completely integrated in a planar circuit board, so that it truly becomes an empty substrate-integrated coaxial line. The proposed transition has been fabricated. Both full-wave simulated and measured results show an excellent agreement. Therefore, the proposed transition is suitable to develop completely substrate-integrated components for applications in wideband communication systems that require very high quality responses and protection from external interferences. To show this fact, this new transition has been applied to integrate a high-performance empty coaxial filter in a planar substrate. The measured response of this filter is excellent, and proves the goodness of the proposed transition that has enabled, for the first time, the complete integration of an empty coaxial line in a planar substrate.
An Integrative Review of Material Possession Attachment

Susan Schultz Kleine is Associate Professor, Department of Marketing, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, (410) 354-8070, skleine@bgsu.edu. Stacey Menzel Baker is Assistant Professor, Department of Management and Marketing, College of Business Administration, University of Wyoming, P.O. Box 3275, Laramie, WY 82071, smbaker@uwyo.edu. Direct correspondence to either author. The authors would like to thank Russ Belk for his personal insights, Rob Kleine for his insights and feedback about the manuscript, and the editor and three reviewers for their many helpful suggestions.