Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STRUCTURAL SOFTWARE TESTING: HYBRID ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMAL TEST SEQUENCE SELECTION DURING REGRESSION TESTING

Regression testing is one of the testing methods, which is done to assure that the changes made in fixes or other improvement changes does not affect the previously developed functionality of the software. Due to the reasons mentioned below, the regression testing posses a significant place in the software testing. Since it reduces the gaps of an application, modification has to be created and tested, test the new modifications to check that the modification did not change the any other part of the application, test coverage must be enhanced without conciliation of timelines. Thus, the test case generation and test case selection is the import role in the SUT (Software Under Test). More techniques are proposed to overcome these issues however those techniques could not be achieved complete code coverage with less time duration. In this paper proposed a hybrid algorithm which is used to resolve an optimal test case sequence selection as well as new test case generation for regression testing. The experimental results are shown our proposed approach is achieved better results rather than other approaches.
The prospect of domestic bioterrorism.

Would domestic terrorists use biological weapons? 1 The conventional wisdom among experts has been that terrorists want a lot of people watching, not a lot of people dead and are unlikely to turn to weapons of mass destruction.2 A new school of thought proposes that improved technology has made biological attacks resulting in hundreds of thousands or millions of deaths all but inevitable. While terrorists are increasingly interested in weapons of mass destruction, proponents of the latter view exaggerate the threat. Using biological weapons to create mass casualties would require more than having biological agents in hand. The terrorists would need to disseminate the agent, which presents technical and organizational obstacles that few domestic groups could surmount. In addition, relatively few terrorists would want to kill millions of people, even if they could. For most terrorists, the costs of escalation to biological weapons would seem to outweigh the benefits. Most modern terrorists have had substantively rational goals, such as attaining national autonomy or establishing a government purportedly more representative of the peoples will. Escalating to such frightening weapons would result in a massive government crackdown and could alienate the groups supporters. Biological weapons are also dangerous to produce. A number of Aum Shinrikyo members reportedly damaged their own health while working on biological agents. Additionally, some terrorists may perceive moral constraints.3 Candidates for successful use of biological weapons represent the intersection of three sets: groups that want to use these weapons despite formidable political risks; groups that can acquire the agent and a dissemination device (however crude); and groups whose organizational structure enables them to deliver or disseminate the agent covertly. The intersection of these sets is small but growing, especially for low-technology attacks such as contaminating food or disseminating biological agents in an enclosed space. Major attacks are also becoming more likely. In the sections that follow, we consider eroding motivational, technical, and organizational constraints.
Automatic error detection in non-native English

This thesis describes the development of Dapper (`Determiner And PrePosition Error Recogniser'), a system designed to automatically acquire models of occurrence for English prepositions and determiners to allow for the detection and correction of errors in their usage, especially in the writing of non-native speakers of the language. Prepositions and determiners are focused on because they are parts of speech whose usage is particularly challenging to acquire, both for students of the language and for natural language processing tools. The work presented in this thesis proposes to address this problem by developing a system which can acquire models of correct preposition and determiner occurrence, and can use this knowledge to identify divergences from these models as errors. The contexts of these parts of speech are represented by a sophisticated feature set, incorporating a variety of semantic and syntactic elements. DAPPER is found to perform well on preposition and determiner selection tasks in correct native English text. Results on each preposition and determiner are discussed in detail to understand the possible reasons for variations in performance, and whether these are due to problems with the structure of DAPPER or to deeper linguistic reasons. An in-depth analysis of all features used is also offered, quantifying the contribution of each feature individually. This can help establish if the decision to include complex semantic and syntactic features is justified in the context of this task. Finally, the performance of DAPPER on non-native English text is assessed. The system is found to be robust when applied to text which does not contain any preposition or determiner errors. On an error correction task, results are mixed: DAPPER shows promising results on preposition selection and determiner confusion (definite vs. indefinite) errors, but is less successful in detecting errors involving missing or extraneous determiners. Several characteristics of learner writing are described, to gain a clearer understanding of what problems arise when natural language processing tools are used with this kind of text. It is concluded that the construction of contextual models is a viable approach to the task of preposition and determiner selection, despite outstanding issues pertaining to the domain of non-native writing.
SRAM Assist Techniques for Operation in a Wide Voltage Range in 28-nm CMOS

Reducing static random-access memory (SRAM) operational voltage (Vmin) can greatly improve energy efficiency, yet SRAM Vmin does not scale with technology due to increased process variability. Assist techniques have been shown to improve the operation of SRAM, but previous investigations of assist techniques at design time have either relied on static metrics that do not account for important transient effects or make specific assumptions about failure distributions. This paper uses importance sampling of dynamic failure metrics to quantify and analyze the effect of different assist techniques, array organization, and timing on Vmin at design time. This approach demonstrates that the most effective technique for reducing SRAM Vmin is the negative bitline write assist, resulting in a Vmin of 600 mV for a 28-nm LP process in the typical corner.
The guarded brain: the role of P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier in major psychiatric disorders and antidepressant treatment

De bloed-hersen barriere (BHB) is een zeer gespecialiseerde selectieve barriere, die het zenuwstelsel beschermt door de passage van bijna alle stoffen te verhinderen, terwijl het tegelijk moet garanderen dat het altijd voorziet in de enorme metabole behoefte van het brein. Voor de uitvoer van deze taak beschikt de BHB over verschillende transportsystemen (op het oppervlak van de capillairen). Met betrekking tot de bescherming van het brein is P-glycoproteine (P-gp) een belangrijke ‘efflux’pomp in de wand van het capillair. P-gp is in staat om de vele, qua structuur zeer verschillende moleculen, terug naar ‘buiten’ (van brein naar bloed) te transporteren, nadat zij de endotheelcel zijn binnengedrongen. In celstudies is aangetoond dat het transport langs de BHB, van stoffen als cortisol en inflammatoire eiwitten, onder invloed staat van P-gp. Bovendien blijkt uit celstudies dat het transport van antidepressiva en antipsychotica ook afhankelijk is van P-gp activiteit. In dit proefschrift beschrijven we verapamil-PET studies, waarin in vivo wordt aangetoond dat de activiteit van P-gp verandert in 2 psychiatrische stoornissen en na chronische toediening van een antidepressivum. We beschrijven ook de relatie van varianten van het ‘P-gp gen’ (ABCB1) met het optreden van bijwerkingen op SSRI’s (, d.w.z. die substraat zijn voor de P-gp pomp). Varianten van ABCB1 kunnen ook geassocieerd zijn met factoren die het optreden of het beloop van depressie bepalen. Samenvattend, P-gp kan een rol spelen in depressie (als kwetsbaarheidfactor) en het kan een belangrijke rol spelen als in de farmacokinetiek van antidepressiva en antipsychotica.
Plantlet regeneration enhances solasodine productivity in hairy root cultures of Solanum khasianum Clarke

SummaryShoot regeneration in hairy root cultures of Solanum khasianum Clarke influences root growth, solasodine production. and permeabilization of solasodine into the medium. These parameters are dependent on exogenously supplied auxin and cytokinin: the effect being both concentration-and clone-dependent. Hairy root cultures with no shoot regeneration showed high permeabilization of solasodine into the medium by the sixth week of incubation, suggesting the medium acts as a sink for the solasodine synthesized by the roots. Solasodine in the culture medium was toxic to the transformed roots and caused browning of root tips. In a separate set of experiments, the hairy root cultures showed regeneration of approximately 50–70 mm long shoots after treatment with indole-3-acetic acid and kinetin. These hairy root cultures had inereased levels of solasodine production, compared to cultures without shoot regeneration. The plantlets formed in the hairy root cultures accumulated some of the solasodine, thereby reducing its permcabilization into the medium. Transport of solasodine from root to shoot reduced the toxic effect of solasodine in the root zone and extended the exponential growth phase by 8-10d.
Autoregulation of Cerebral Blood Flow: Studies During Drug‐Induced Hypertension in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Cerebral Vascular Diseases

Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (constant perfusion despite variations in blood pressure) was studied in 15 control subjects and in 24 patients with cerebral vascular lesions. Thirteen patients were studied within the first 2 days of an episode of cerebral ischemia ("acute" group); 11 were studied from 15 days to several months after an ischemic episode ("chronic" group). Measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were made by recording extracranially in four to six locations the clearance of 85Kr dissolved in saline and injected into the internal carotid artery. Blood flow values were calculated with a digital computer, using a compartmental analysis of the clearance curves. After measuring rCBF in the resting state, the blood pressure was increased by 30 to 40 mm Hg by the intravenous infusion of angiotensin amide (Hypertensin, Ciba). While the blood pressure was kept constant at the new level, a second series of measurements was made. Autoregulation was present in all normal subjects: no significant differences were found in average or compartmental flow rates between values obtained at normal and at hypertensive levels of blood pressure.Loss of autoregulation was demonstrated in 10 of 13 patients of the "acute" group and in two of 11 patients of the "chronic" group. These data support previous observations that autoregulation is impaired during the first few days after an ischemic episode. The three patients of the "acute" group with a preserved autoregulatory response to hypertension had only transient ischemic attacks. In each of the other subjects of this group loss of autoregulation was found in one to three different regions of the brain. Our results suggest that regional loss of autoregulation is found frequently near the periphery of the ischemic brain. Impairment of autoregulation is one of the types of derangement of cerebral circulation that occurs after an ischemic episode.
Experiences following a suicide attempt

A suicide attempt is a very significant and usually disturbing event for the person who makes the attempt, for his or her family, and for clinicians who respond. Moreover, epidemiological studies have established that a suicide attempt is associated with an increased risk of subsequent attempt or suicide, suggesting that understanding more about experiences following a suicide attempt may have implications for prevention. Yet, despite calls for more qualitative research in the field, there have been few studies investigating these experiences. This thesis reports on a qualitative research study in which adults who had made a suicide attempt were interviewed about their experiences following the attempt. Lethality of suicide attempts varied but was within the moderate to severe range of medical seriousness. Ten participants (eight women and two men, aged 28 to 52) were asked about the nature of the suicide attempt, their personal experiences in the period that followed, their interactions with family and friends, and their experiences of clinical services. Findings support theorising a suicide attempt as trauma, with core experiences of loss of control, helplessness, disconnection from others, shame, guilt and humiliation. Movement from helplessness and disempowerment toward a sense of agency and control, and from disconnection and aloneness to repaired relationships were crucial aspects of the recovery process,. Analysis of interactions with family and friends noted the significance of sustained relationships and support, while also identifying a pattern of reciprocal recoil from the horror of the suicidal crisis and mutual silences aimed at protection of self and other, followed by efforts to repair ruptures in relationships. Experience of significant losses characterised the period following the suicide attempt. Respect and being taken seriously vs humiliation, blame or indifference was the overarching theme in relation to experiences with clinical services. Collaborative decision-making in the clinical setting was experienced as central to overcoming helplessness and regaining a sense of agency. Psychotherapy was valued for containing distress and/or working through underlying issues. Recommendations for practice are presented, while acknowledging the limitations of the study.
Complications from Injectable Polyacrylamide Gel, a New Nonbiodegradable Soft Tissue Filler

BACKGROUND Polyacrylamide gels, containing a hydrogel composed of polyacrylamide and water, are used for soft tissue augmentation and contour correction. There are no reports of significant complications after injection of this material into the face. OBJECTIVE We report an inflammatory reaction after injection of polyacrylamide gels for zygomatic facial augmentation. METHODS A retrospective chart review of single case is presented. RESULTS An inflammatory reaction at the sites of polyacrylamide gels injection was noted at 1 month after initial injection. Despite two ensuing courses of broad-spectrum antibiotics, the patient presented to us with persistent draining nodules. Intralesional steroid injections resulted in prompt resolution and no recurrence. CONCLUSION Inflammatory reactions have been noted in patients receiving polyacrylamide gels for breast augmentation. Facial polyacrylamide gels injections may also be associated with an inflammatory reaction that responds to intralesional steroids. With increasing availability of a variety of soft tissue fillers, dermatologists should be aware of this delayed complication from polyacrylamide gels.
Acoustical Nonlinearities in Aircraft Flyover Data

Numerous analyses techniques have been proposed as means of characterizing acoustical nonlinearities in high-thrust engine noise. These include probability distributions for the pressure and the time derivative of the pressure (i.e., the gradient), the skewness and kurtosis coefficients of the pressure and its time derivative, and Howell-Morfey nonlinear indicators. In this paper, a number of these analyses techniques are applied to acoustic data recorded during a series of military jet flyovers. The analysis examines these different measures as a function of microphone height above the ground. This analysis provides strong indications that microphone should be mounted well above the ground to properly measure nonlinearities in high-thrust engine noise.
Leveraging Tacit Organisational Knowledge

Although tacit knowledge constitutes the major part of what we know, it is difficult for organisations to fully benefit from this valuable asset. This is because tacit knowledge is inherently elusive, and in order to capture, store, and disseminate it, it is argued that it first has to be made explicit. However, such a process is difficult, and often fails due to three reasons: (1) we are not necessarily aware of our tacit knowledge, (2) on a personal level we do not need to make it explicit in order to use it, and (3) we may not want to give up a valuable competitive advantage. During an empirical study of recommender system usage, it was noticed how such technology could be used to circumvent these problems, and make tacit knowledge, in form of our professional interests, available to the organisation as a whole. Using Polanyi’s theories it will be showed how intranet documents can be used to make tacit knowledge tangible without becoming explicit, suggesting that tacitly expressed entities not necessarily are beyond the reach of information technology.
The Neural Basis of Interindividual Variability in Inhibitory Efficiency after Sleep Deprivation

Sleep deprivation results in the loss of our ability to suppress a prepotent response. The extent of decline in this executive function varies across individuals. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study the neural correlates of sleep deprivation-induced differences in inhibitory efficiency. Participants performed a go/no-go task after normal sleep and after 24 h of total sleep deprivation. Regardless of the extent of change in inhibitory efficiency, sleep deprivation lowered go/no-go sustained, task-related activation of the ventral and anterior prefrontal (PFC) regions bilaterally. However, individuals better able to maintain inhibitory efficiency after sleep deprivation could be distinguished by lower stop-related, phasic activation of the right ventral PFC during rested wakefulness. These persons also showed a larger rise in such activation both here and in the right insula after sleep deprivation relative to those whose inhibitory efficiency declined.
Envelope Level Crossing Rate and Average Fade Duration of Nonisotropic Vehicle-to-Vehicle Ricean Fading Channels

This paper proposes a generic geometry-based stochastic model for nonisotropic scattering vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) Ricean fading channels. With the proposed model, the level crossing rate (LCR) and average fade duration (AFD) are derived. The resultant expressions are sufficiently general and subsume many well-known existing LCRs and AFDs as special cases. The derived LCR and AFD are further investigated in terms of some important parameters, e.g., the shape of the scattering region (two-ring or ellipse), mean angle, angle spread, and directions of movement of the Tx and Rx (same or opposite direction). More importantly, in this paper, the impact of the vehicular traffic density on the LCR and AFD for nonisotropic scattering V2V Ricean fading channels is investigated for the first time. Excellent agreement is observed between the theoretical LCRs/AFDs and corresponding measured data, thus demonstrating the validity and utility of the proposed model.
Prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) with grossly normal mesenteric lymph nodes

AIM: To estimate the prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) in farmed deer with no gross post-mortem evidence of Map infection slaughtered in New Zealand, and to assess predictors of infection. METHODS: Mesenteric lymph node (MLN) samples (n = 251) were collected from 60 lines of deer presented at two slaughterhouses in the North and two in the South Island of New Zealand between October 2008 and January 2009 and cultured for Map. Estimates of individual animal prevalence for each island were adjusted to account for the clustering of individual observations within herds. The national herd prevalence estimate was calculated as a weighted mean, with weights being the proportion of herds from which deer were slaughtered at North and South Island slaughterhouses among all herds slaughtering deer throughout New Zealand. Age, gender, and the presence of other carcasses with enlarged and/or granulomatous MLN in the same line (line status) were assessed as predictors of infection using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: A national cluster-adjusted individual animal prevalence of 45 (95% CI = 30–60)% was estimated, with North and South Island prevalences of 29 (95% CI = 16–45)% and 51 (95% CI = 36–66)%, respectively. Line status was a strong predictor of infection in young deer (OR 7.1, 95% CI = 2.4–21.5), but not in older deer. Herd-level prevalence was 44 (95% CI = 24–64)% in the North Island and 67 (95% CI = 49–85)% in the South Island. Weighted adjustment resulted in a national herd-level prevalence estimate of 59 (95% CI = 41–78)%. CONCLUSIONS: This study has provided a national baseline prevalence estimate for Map infection at the individual and herd-level, showing a contrast between the North and South Islands. More research to investigate the factors contributing to the difference in infection prevalence seen between the islands may help to identify suitable control measures for Map in deer herds.
Mutations to Less-Preferred Synonymous Codons in a Highly Expressed Gene of Escherichia coli: Fitness and Epistatic Interactions

Codon-tRNA coevolution to maximize protein production has been, until recently, the dominant hypothesis to explain codon-usage bias in highly expressed bacterial genes. Two predictions of this hypothesis are 1) selection is weak; and 2) similar silent replacements at different codons should have similar fitness consequence. We used an allele-replacement strategy to change five specific 3rd-codon-position (silent) sites in the highly expressed Escherichia coli ribosomal protein gene rplQ from the wild type to a less-preferred alternative. We introduced the five mutations within a 10-codon region. Four of the silent sites were chosen to test the second prediction, with a CTG to CTA mutation being introduced at two closely linked leucine codons and an AAA to AAG mutation being introduced at two closely linked lysine codons. We also introduced a fifth silent mutation, a GTG to GTA mutation at a valine codon in the same genic region. We measured the fitness effect of the individual mutations by competing each single-mutant strain against the parental wild-type strain, using a disrupted form of the araA gene as a selectively neutral phenotypic marker to distinguish between strains in direct competition experiments. Three of the silent mutations had a fitness effect of |s| > 0.02, which is contradictory to the prediction that selection will be weak. The two leucine mutations had significantly different fitness effects, as did the two lysine mutations, contradictory to the prediction that similar mutations at different codons should have similar fitness effects. We also constructed a strain carrying all five silent mutations in combination. Its fitness effect was greater than that predicted from the individual fitness values, suggesting that negative synergistic epistasis acts on the combination allele.