Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Latino Television in the United States and Latin America: Addressing Networks, Dynamics, and Alliances

The presence of Latino TV in the United States has been increasing during the first decades of the millennium. Many alliances and new players are emerging in this market. This article contributes to the discussion of the Latino media by addressing the dynamics and complexity of this changing U.S. media subsystem; in fact, I propose a characterization of the Latino media as a subsystem of the U.S. communication system. The research (a) analyzes the main ownership links and networks between the major U.S. media players with their Latino TV counterparts; (b) draws a map of the Latino TV subsystem with a concentric analysis and establishes the production and consumption particularities of the subsystem; (c) identifies the interaction of Latino TV companies with their partners in Latin America; and (d) establishes that the core of Latino national broadcasting networks can be divided into two levels according to their audiovisual industrial strategies and financial support.
Relationship between sexual behaviour and seminal attributes of young Sahiwal bulls

Relationship among various sexual behaviour traits as well as with seminal attributes found to be helpful for predicting reproductive performance of breeding bulls. Eighty eight ejaculates were collected from eight young Sahiwal bulls, having body weight of 170 to 280 kgs and age group of 17 to 36 months to study the relationship of various sexual behaviour traits and semen quality variables. The degree of association between different variables was estimated by calculating Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of the study revealed that, sexual aggressiveness (SA) and dismounting time (DT) showed significantly (P<0.01) high positive correlation with penile erection score (PES), penile protrusion score (PPS), libido score (LS), mating ability score (MAS), Sexual behavior score (SBS) as well as reaction time (RT) had significant (P<0.01) positive correlation with total time taken in mounts (TTTM) and PES. RT had significant (P<0.01) negative correlation with LS and SBS. Regarding seminal attributes the result depicted that ejaculate volume had positive significant (P<0.01) correlation with sperm concentration, mid-piece abnormality, tail abnormality and total abnormality whereas, mass activity (MA) had positive significant (P<0.01) correlation with initial progressive motility (IPM), sperm concentration, non-eosinophilic spermatozoa count (NESC), hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST), acrosomal integrity (AI) and significant (P<0.01) negative correlation with head abnormality. Among seminal attributes and sexual behavior traits, ejaculate volume had positive significant (P<0.05) correlation with RT, TTTM as well as MA had positive significant (P<0.05) correlation with ETS, LS, MAS, SBS, SA, PES and PPS. It can be concluded that the relationship of sexual behaviour and semen quality will be helpful in understanding the sexual behaviour of individual bulls to provide sufficient sexual preparation for proper stimulation and successful quality semen collection.
Enhanced Procedural Learning of Speech Sound Categories in a Genetic Variant of FOXP2

A mutation of the forkhead box protein P2 (FOXP2) gene is associated with severe deficits in human speech and language acquisition. In rodents, the humanized form of FOXP2 promotes faster switching from declarative to procedural learning strategies when the two learning systems compete. Here, we examined a polymorphism of FOXP2 (rs6980093) in humans (214 adults; 111 females) for associations with non-native speech category learning success. Neurocomputational modeling results showed that individuals with the GG genotype shifted faster to procedural learning strategies, which are optimal for the task. These findings support an adaptive role for the FOXP2 gene in modulating the function of neural learning systems that have a direct bearing on human speech category learning.
How Well Do Social Ratings Actually Measure Corporate Social Responsibility?

"Ratings of corporations' environmental activities and capabilities influence billions of dollars of "socially responsible" investments as well as some consumers, activists, and potential employees. In one of the first studies to assess these ratings, we examine how well the most widely used ratings-those of Kinder, Lydenberg, Domini Research & Analytics (KLD)-provide transparency about past and likely future environmental performance. We find KLD "concern" ratings to be fairly good summaries of past environmental performance. In addition, firms with more KLD concerns have slightly, but statistically significantly, more pollution and regulatory compliance violations in later years. KLD environmental strengths, in contrast, do not accurately predict pollution levels or compliance violations. Moreover, we find evidence that KLD's ratings are not optimally using publicly available data. We discuss the implications of our findings for advocates and skeptics of corporate social responsibility as well as for studies that relate social responsibility ratings to financial performance. " Copyright (c) 2009, The Author(s) Journal Compilation (c) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two-year outcome of a combination of weight loss therapies for type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects over 2 years of a weight loss program combining several weight loss strategies on weight loss and diabetes control in overweight subjects with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 59 overweight or obese individuals with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to either a combination therapy weight loss program for 2 years (C therapy) or a standard therapy weight loss program for 1 year followed by a combination therapy weight loss program in the 2nd year (S/C therapy). C therapy combined the use of meal replacement products, repetitive intermittent low-calorie-diet weeks, and pharmacologic therapy with sibutramine. Outcome measures included changes in weight, glycemic control, plasma lipids, blood pressure, and body composition over 2 years. RESULTS A total of 48 participants (23 in the C therapy group and 25 in the S/C therapy group) completed 2 years of study. After 2 years, the C therapy group had weight loss of 4.6 +/- 1.2 kg (P < 0.001) and a decrease in HbA(1c) of 0.5 +/- 0.3% (P = 0.08) from baseline. At 2 years, the C therapy group had significant reductions in BMI, fat mass, lean body mass, and systolic blood pressure. The S/C therapy group showed changes in weight and HbA(1c) in year 2 of the study that were similar to those demonstrated by the C therapy group in year 1. CONCLUSIONS This combination weight loss program resulted in significant weight loss and improved diabetes control over a 2-year period in overweight subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Understanding Dysregulated Behaviors and Compulsions: An Extension of the Emotional Cascade Model and the Mediating Role of Intrusive Thoughts

Objective: The Emotional Cascade Model (ECM) by Selby et al. (2008) proposes that people often engage in dysregulated behaviors to end extreme, aversive emotional states triggered by a self-perpetuating vicious cycle of (excessive) rumination, negative affect, and attempts to suppress negative thoughts. Method: Besides replicating the ECM, we introduced intrusions as a mediator between rumination and behavioral dysregulation and tested this extended ECM for compulsions as part of obsessive–compulsive disorders. A structural equation modeling approach was used to test this in a sample of N = 414, randomly recruited from the general population. Results: Intrusions were found to fully mediate the effect of rumination on a broad array of dysregulated behaviors and compulsions. This mediation endured when controlling for symptoms of depression. Conclusion: These findings support the idea that rumination fuels intrusions, which in turn foster dysregulated behaviors. Therefore, addressing rumination as well as intrusions may improve psychotherapeutic interventions for mental disorders characterized by dysregulated behaviors and/or extreme aversive emotional states.
Liquid-Assisted Grinding to Prepare a Cocrystal of Adefovir Dipivoxil Thermodynamically Less Stable than Its Neat Phase

Liquid-assisted grinding was employed to generate a cocrystal of adefovir dipivoxil (AD) and glutaric acid (GLU), which had not been successfully obtained through solution crystallization. The cocrystal formation was confirmed with powder X-ray diffraction, and its thermal stability and release behavior were studied through differential scanning calorimetry and dissolution experiments, respectively. The AD/GLU cocrystal was less stable than neat AD phase and the previously reported AD cocrystals with other dicarboxylic acids, such as suberic acid and succinic acid. This suggests that the intermolecular interactions of the AD/GLU cocrystal are probably weaker than the other crystal phases. The release behavior of the AD/GLU was comparable with the cocrystal with suberic acid. The current study verifies the effectiveness of the liquid-assisted grinding for the preparation of the thermodynamically less stable cocrystal phase.
Usefulness of altmetrics for measuring the broader impact of research: A case study using data from PLOS and F1000Prime

Purpose – The purpose of this case study is to investigate the usefulness of altmetrics for measuring the broader impact of research. Design/methodology/approach – This case study is based on a sample of 1,082 the Public Library of Science (PLOS) journal articles recommended in F1000. The data set includes altmetrics which were provided by PLOS. The F1000 data set contains tags on papers which were assigned by experts to characterise them. Findings – The most relevant tag for altmetric research is “good for teaching”, as it is assigned to papers which could be of interest to a wider circle of readers than the peers in a specialised area. One could expect papers with this tag to be mentioned more often on Facebook and Twitter than those without this tag. The results from regression models were able to confirm these expectations: papers with this tag show significantly higher Facebook and Twitter counts than papers without this tag. This clear association could not be seen with Mendeley or Figshare counts (.
A Microcomputer-Based Self-Tuning IP Controller for DC Machines

The problem of designing an adaptive controller for dc drives operating under varying load conditions is addressed. A robust self-tuning controller that can track a constant reference and reject constant load disturbances is developed. The controller is shown to have an adaptive integral-proportional (IP) structure. The proposed controller is implemented in a microcomputer and a dc motor is controlled under varying load and operating conditions. Experimental results show that the controller possesses excellent adaptation capability as well as transient recovery under load changes.
Disability and Labor Market Earnings

Over one million Americans aged 15 years and older are deaf or hard of hearing. These individuals may face barriers to and within the labor market, leading to lower employment rates and reduced earnings compared with their counterparts without a hearing disability. Our study contributes to the sparse literature on the relationship between hearing disability and labor market outcomes by examining “hearing earnings gaps,” namely, earnings gaps between individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing and their counterparts without a hearing disability. Using a sample of 25- to 40-year-old full-time year-round workers from the 2011 American Community Survey, we estimate separate earnings equations by hearing ability and gender using generalized estimating equations. For both men and women, Blinder–Oaxaca decompositions indicate that roughly 40% of the overall hearing earnings gap is attributable to differences in educational attainment, potential experience, race/ethnicity, and marital status. The remaining 60% may reflect differences in communication skills and other unobservable characteristics, occupational segregation, labor market discrimination, and stigma.
Statistical methods for retrieving most significant paragraphs in newspaper articles

Retrieving a most stgulficant paragraph m a newspaper arUcle can act as a kind of surnmanzatmn It can gwe the human reader some hints on the contents of the arucle and help him to decide whether It deseei'ves a full readmg or not It may also act as a filter for a robust natural language understanding system, to extract relevant mformatton from that paragraph m order to enable conceptual mformauon retrieval Talang a newspaper arUcle and a base corpus, word co-occurrences w3th higher resolving power are ~dent~fied These co-occurrences are used to estabhsh hnks between the paragraphs of the arUcle The paragraph which presents the larger number of hnks tO other paragraphs ~s considered a most slgmficant one Though designed and tested for the Portuguese language, the staUshcal nature of our proposal should ensure ns portabtlny to other languages
Impact of randomized clinical trial results in the national comprehensive cancer network on the use of tamoxifen after breast surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ.

PURPOSE The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-24 trial, published in June 1999, demonstrated that tamoxifen after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and radiotherapy for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) reduced the absolute occurrence of ipsilateral and contralateral breast cancer. We assessed the impact of B-24 on practice patterns at selected National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) centers. PATIENTS AND METHODS Tamoxifen use after surgery was examined among 1,622 patients presenting for treatment of unilateral DCIS between July 1997 and December 2003 at eight NCCN centers. Associations of clinicopathologic and treatment factors with tamoxifen use were assessed in univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Overall, 41% of patients (665 of 1,622) received tamoxifen. The proportion increased from 24% before July 1, 1999, to 46% on or after July 1, 1999. Factors significantly associated with receipt of tamoxifen included diagnosis on or after July 1, 1999 (odds ratio [OR], 3.85; P < .0001), BCS in patients younger than 70 years (OR, 3.21; P = .0073), no history of cerebrovascular or peripheral vascular disease (OR, 3.13; P = .0071), receipt of radiotherapy (OR, 1.82; P = .0009), and previous hysterectomy (OR, 1.34; P = .0459). Tamoxifen use varied significantly by center, from 34% to 74% after BCS and 17% to 53% after mastectomy (P < .0001). CONCLUSION Tamoxifen use after surgery for DCIS at NCCN centers increased after presentation of the B-24 results. Rates varied substantially by institution, suggesting that physicians differ in how they weigh the modest reduction in breast cancer risk with tamoxifen against its potential adverse effects in this population.
Linear conditions imposed on flag varieties

We study subvarieties of the flag variety called Hessenberg varieties, defined by certain linear conditions. These subvarieties arise naturally in applications including geometric representation theory, number theory, and numerical analysis. We describe completely the homology of Hessenberg varieties over GL n (C) and show that they have no odd-dimensional homology. We provide an explicit geometric construction which partitions each Hessenberg variety into pieces homeomorphic to affine space. We characterize these affine pieces by fillings of Young tableaux and show that the dimension of the affine piece can be computed by combinatorial rules generalizing the Eulerian numbers. We give an equivalent formulation of this result in terms of roots. We conclude with a section on open questions.
Using Coulombian Approach for Modeling Scalar Potential and Magnetic Field of a Permanent Magnet With Radial Polarization

New compact semianalytical expressions of the scalar potential and magnetic fields produced by a radially polarized permanent magnet are described in this paper by using Coulombian approach. It uses fictitious magnetic charge to model the magnetic field intensity. With this fast model, we can compute the demagnetization field in each point inside the permanent magnet and the magnetic fields outside it
An approach to integrating an interactive guide robot with ubiquitous sensors

An interactive exhibition guide robot has been developed, that is integrated with ubiquitous sensors. The robot utilizes its human-like body properties to perform human-like gestures such as eye-contact and pointing. The ubiquitous sensors are embedded in an exhibition room or attached to people in the room, and they provide information not only for the robot's interactive guide but also for the development of the robot. The results of a two-days exhibition experiment show that the robot attracted visitors and successfully guided them in the environment. Moreover, the obtained interaction statistics, including video from the ubiquitous sensors, prove to be useful for analyzing the interaction between the robot and visitors, and this implies that the use of such interaction data is a promising approach for developing interactive robots.
Measuring subversions: security and legal risk in reused software artifacts

A software system often includes a set of library dependencies and other software artifacts necessary for the system's proper operation. However, long-term maintenance problems related to reused software can gradually emerge over the lifetime of the deployed system. In our exploratory study we propose a manual technique to locate documented security and legal problems in a set of reused software artifacts. We evaluate our technique with a case study of 81 Java libraries found in a proprietary e-commerce web application. Using our approach we discovered both a potential legal problem with one library, and a second library that was affected by a known security vulnerability. These results support our larger thesis: software reuse entails long-term maintenance costs. In future work we strive to develop automated techniques by which developers, managers, and other software stakeholders can measure, address, and minimize these costs over the lifetimes of their software assets.
Conditioned Sounds Enhance Visual Processing

This psychophysics study investigated whether prior auditory conditioning influences how a sound interacts with visual perception. In the conditioning phase, subjects were presented with three pure tones ( = conditioned stimuli, CS) that were paired with positive, negative or neutral unconditioned stimuli. As unconditioned reinforcers we employed pictures (highly pleasant, unpleasant and neutral) or monetary outcomes (+50 euro cents, −50 cents, 0 cents). In the subsequent visual selective attention paradigm, subjects were presented with near-threshold Gabors displayed in their left or right hemifield. Critically, the Gabors were presented in synchrony with one of the conditioned sounds. Subjects discriminated whether the Gabors were presented in their left or right hemifields. Participants determined the location more accurately when the Gabors were presented in synchrony with positive relative to neutral sounds irrespective of reinforcer type. Thus, previously rewarded relative to neutral sounds increased the bottom-up salience of the visual Gabors. Our results are the first demonstration that prior auditory conditioning is a potent mechanism to modulate the effect of sounds on visual perception.
The Social Costs of Electricity Generation—Categorising Different Types of Costs and Evaluating Their Respective Relevance

Various electricity generation technologies using different primary energy sources are available. Many published studies compare the costs of these technologies. However, most of those studies only consider plant-level costs and do not fully take into account additional costs that societies may face in using these technologies. This article reviews the literature on the costs of electricity generation technologies, aiming to determine which types of costs are relevant from a societal point of view when comparing generation technologies. The paper categorises the relevant types of costs, differentiating between plant-level, system and external costs as the main categories. It discusses the relevance of each type of cost for each generation technology. The findings suggest that several low-carbon electricity generation technologies exhibit lower social costs per kWh than the currently dominant technologies using fossil fuels. More generally, the findings emphasise the importance of taking not only plant-level costs, but also system and external costs, into account when comparing electricity generation technologies from a societal point of view. The article intends to inform both policymakers and energy system modellers, the latter who may strive to include all relevant types of costs in their models.
Concurrent engagement of CD40 and the antigen receptor protects naive and memory human B cells from APO-1/Fas-mediated apoptosis

Naive and memory B cells were isolated from human tonsils and examined for expression of APO-1/Fas and for their sensitivity to the APO-1- dependent apoptosis. APO-1 was found to be constitutively expressed on memory but not on naive B cells. The susceptibility of both cell types to the APO-1 apoptotic pathway was acquired upon CD40 triggering and was correlated with increased expression of the APO-1 receptor. Both naive and memory B cells were protected from the APO-1-mediated death signal after dual ligation of the Ag receptor adn CD40. Our findings suggest that the APO-1 pathway controls the specificity of B cell responses to T-dependent Ags and that occupancy of the Ag receptor dictates the outcome of APO-1-ligation on B cell survival.
Genotype/Phenotype Analyses for 53 Crohn’s Disease Associated Genetic Polymorphisms

Background & Aims Recent studies reported a role for more than 70 genes or loci in the susceptibility to Crohn’s disease (CD). However, the impact of these associations in clinical practice remains to be defined. The aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes for the main 53 CD-associated polymorphisms. Method A cohort of 798 CD patients with a median follow up of 7 years was recruited by tertiary adult and paediatric gastroenterological centres. A detailed phenotypic description of the disease was recorded, including clinical presentation, response to treatments and complications. The participants were genotyped for 53 CD-associated variants previously reported in the literature and correlations with clinical sub-phenotypes were searched for. A replication cohort consisting of 722 CD patients was used to further explore the putative associations. Results The NOD2 rare variants were associated with an earlier age at diagnosis (p = 0.0001) and an ileal involvement (OR = 2.25[1.49–3.41] and 2.77 [1.71–4.50] for rs2066844 and rs2066847, respectively). Colonic lesions were positively associated with the risk alleles of IL23R rs11209026 (OR = 2.25 [1.13–4.51]) and 6q21 rs7746082 (OR = 1.60 [1.10–2.34] and negatively associated with the risk alleles of IRGM rs13361189 (OR = 0.29 [0.11–0.74]) and DEFB1 rs11362 (OR = 0.50 [0.30–0.80]). The ATG16L1 and IRGM variants were associated with a non-inflammatory behaviour (OR = 1.75 [1.22–2.53] and OR = 1.50 [1.04–2.16] respectively). However, these associations lost significance after multiple testing corrections. The protective effect of the IRGM risk allele on colonic lesions was the only association replicated in the second cohort (p = 0.03). Conclusions It is not recommended to genotype the studied polymorphisms in routine practice.