Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leadership Styles, Change Context and Leader Performance in the Royal Navy

Abstract This paper presents the findings from a major study (Young, 2005a, Command, Leadership and Management Competencies predicting Superior Performance in the Royal Navy. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis: Henley Management College) into the competencies predicting superior performance in the Royal Navy (RN) and focuses on measures of leadership style and degree of change faced by the organization, as identified by the Leadership Dimensions Questionnaire (LDQ). The LDQ Model proposes that one of three leadership styles is appropriate for a specific degree of change faced within an organization. The results (from a sample of 261 Officers and Ratings) showed those individuals whose leadership styles were highly fitted, according to the Dulewicz and Higgs (2003, ‘Design of a new instrument to assess Leadership Dimensions and Styles’ Henley Working Paper Series HWP 0311) model, to the organizational context of change were rated significantly higher performers than those clearly not fitted. There was a significant preference for goal-oriented leadership among Officers and the LDQ measure of self-rated performance showed that those individuals with more accurate self-awareness of their own performance were also more likely to adopt a more suitable leadership style for the given organizational context of change.
The effects of Internet use on academic achievement and behavioral adjustment among South Korean adolescents: Mediating and moderating roles of parental factors

The purpose of this study was to investigate the interrelationships among adolescent Internet use, parent-adolescent relationships, and academic/ behavioral adjustment in South Korean families. Despite the significant numbers of Korean adolescents who use the Internet (98.7% of Korean children between the ages of 6 and 19 years use the Internet) for education, social, and recreational purposes, little is known about how adolescent Internet use impacts family interactions and youth outcomes. Most research studies on this subject have been descriptive and have provided inconsistent findings. To examine the impact of adolescent Internet use on youth outcomes in Korea, six hundred and nine adolescents (10 th and 11 th graders) and their parents were recruited from five high schools in Seoul, Korea. Compared to the general population in Korea, parents in this study were more educated and from higher socio-economic status backgrounds. Findings indicated that Korean boys and girls differed in the ways that they used the Internet. Girls were more likely to use the Internet to watch online education classes and blog more frequently and longer than boys, whereas boys were more likely to use the Internet for playing Internet games than girls. Results indicated that Internet use for educational purposes was associated with adolescent academic achievement. Social and recreational-Internet use of the Internet was associated with lower academic achievement. The pathways did not vary for boys and girls. Parent-child relationships (closeness and conflict) were found to be vital to youth adjustment and played a significant role in the association between adolescent Internet use and academic and behavioral outcomes. Future research studies should investigate how Koreans cope with the influx of this rapidly developing technology and its impact of family relationships. Additionally, parenting programs should incorporate strategies about how the Internet can be used as an educational tool to benefit adolescents. THE EFFECTS OF INTERNET USE ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND BEHAVIORAL ADJUSTMENT AMONG SOUTH KOREAN ADOLESCENTS: MEDIATING AND MODERATING ROLES OF PARENTAL FACTORS By Soohyun Kim B.F. A. Seoul National University, 1992 B.A. Ewah Womans University, 2000 M.A. Drexel University, 2003 DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Child and Family Studies in the David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics
SOME PITUITARY-OVARIAN RELATIONSHIPS IN THE PERIPARTURIENT COW.

Summary. An experiment involving twenty multiparous Holstein cows was designed to study the pituitary-ovarian relationship in periparturient cows. The cows were divided into four equal groups. One group was slaughtered between 260 and 265 days of gestation ; the second group was slaughtered within 18 hr following parturition; the third group was slaughtered 21 days post partum and the fourth group received 100 mg of progesterone daily for 20 days starting from the day of calving and was slaughtered on Day 21. There was no detectable amount of progesterone in the corpora lutea of pregnancy on the day of calving. An average of 26 pg/g progesterone was present in the corpora lutea ofante-partum cows. The corpora lutea were significantly larger in the ante-partum group than in the day-of-calving group. A significantly higher fsh level and lower lh level was found in the pituitaries of the day-of-calving group. Follicular size was significantly lower in the ante-partum and day-of-calving group as compared to both the post-partum groups. Injection of progesterone produced no significant alterations in fsh and lh levels of the pituitary glands. Neither did it depress ovarian follicular growth.
Principals' influence on instructional quality: insights from US schools

This article seeks to explain the ways in which leadership makes a difference to the quality of instruction in US schools by reviewing research published since 2000. The review of research is presented in three major sections, organised according to the methodology used in each study. The first section looks into quantitative studies that probe the structural relationships among members and activities related to teaching and learning. Primarily drawing on surveys completed by school stakeholders, these studies uncover patterns of influence using advanced statistical methods. The second section summarises findings from qualitative case study research, which provide specific examples of conditions that support the leadership patterns previously identified. The final section offers further explanations of how these patterns of influence operate by examining the alignment of formal and social components of interactions through network methodology.
Snapshots of What Matters Most: Using Resident-Employed Photography to Articulate Attachment to Place

Sense-of-place research has grown in recent years and has attracted interest from a diverse range of disciplines. Beckley (2003) suggests that it may be possible to disaggregate persons' attachment to biophysical versus sociocultural aspects of sense of place. Stedman (2003) and Beckley (2003) challenge researchers to experiment with new methods for examining the subject. This research addresses the challenges through the use of resident-employed photography. The method was used to elicit sense-of-place values in four communities across Canada. Participants took photographs of things that most attached them to their communities or region. Participants were interviewed about their photographs, and 937 photo-narrative data points were created and analyzed. The analysis involved ascribing photo-narratives to single response categories. Residents distributed their photographs fairly evenly between sociocultural and biophysical dimensions of their communities; however, many attachments involve both sociocultural and biophysical influences.
Associations between Cognitive Abilities and Scholastic Achievement: Genetic Overlap but Environmental Differences

Little is known about the genetic and environmental etiology of the association between specific cognitive abilities and scholastic achievement during the early school years. A multivariate genetic analysis of cognitive and achievement measures was conducted for 146 pairs of identical twins and 132 pairs of fraternal twins from 6 to 12 years of age. At the phenotypic level, measures of achievement were moderately correlated with specific cognitive abilities. A multivariate model including one general factor and specific factors in the genetic and environmental matrices indicated that the phenotypic relationship between achievement and cognition was mediated primarily by genetic influences. Genetic correlations among the cognitive and achievement tests ranged from . 57 to . 85, shared environment correlations were essentially zero, and specific environment correlations were low (.00 to .19). We conclude that there is substantial overlap between genetic effects on scholastic achievement and specific cognitive abilities. Performance on ability measures differs from that on achievement measures largely for environmental reasons.
Use of restraint in a general hospital psychiatric unit in Japan

Abstract Few analyses have been carried out in Japan concerning factors contributing to physical restraint of patients. We compared demographic data for 241 inpatients who were restrained during a 4‐year period with data for 1093 inpatients who were not restrained in a general hospital psychiatric unit in Japan. Increased likelihood of restraint use was associated with older age, male gender, off‐hours admission, involuntary hospitalization, transfer from other departments of the hospital, frequent hospitalization, absence of previous treatment, physical complications, history of suicide attempts, organic mental disorders, mental and behavioral disorders from psychoactive substance use, schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders. Importantly, physical complications not only were more prevalent among restrained than unrestrained patients, but additionally in restrained patients physical complications were associated with more prolonged hospitalization and periods under restraint than were associated with assaultive behavior or periods of unconsciousness. In conclusion, general hospital psychiatric units in Japan often treat patients with psychiatric disorders or symptoms that were associated with physical problems. Particular caution is needed in deciding whether such patients should be restrained since hospitalization may be prolonged or functional status compromised.
Explosions and periodic tremor at Karymsky volcano, Kamchatka, Russia

SUMMARY The explosions of Karymsky volcano often produce signals containing a sequence of repeating pulses recorded on acoustic and seismic sensors, known as chugging. The amplitudes of these pulses correlate with the time interval between pulses. For a given measured acoustic pressure, seismic amplitudes take on arbitrary values up to a specific, empirically determined threshold. Conversely, events with a small seismic amplitude yielded acoustic waves with large variations and large-amplitude seismic events corresponded to large acoustic waves. These observations are not consistent with a source modelled by a resonating conduit. Rather, a model consisting of a sequence of discrete pulses explains the data and provides a framework for understanding the dynamics of degassing at the vent. The physical model for chugging involves a time-varying narrowing vent where gasses are released in a series of oscillations which appear to be harmonic but instead are modelled as short-term transients, or discrete pulses, suggestive of choked flow.
Accountability in Government and Regulatory Policies: Theory and Evidence

A key market institution is the degree of accountability to which the officials involved in regulation are exposed. While elected officials strive for re-election, appointed ones are career-concerned. Provided that the effort exerted to uncover the firm’s unknown cost is sufficiently effective in swaying votes, elected officials produce more information than appointed ones do. As a result, when the demand is inelastic, appointment induces wider allocative distortions and higher profits which, in turn, yield stronger incentives to invest. Hence, appointment will prevail on election when investment inducement is sufficiently relevant and shareholders are sufficiently more powerful than consumers. Data on electricity rates and costs, and the methods of selecting regulators and appellate judges for a panel of forty-seven US states confirm these predictions.
In Black and White: Coverage of U.S. Slave Reparations by the Mainstream and Black Press

ABSTRACT The issue of reparations being awarded to descendants of U.S. slaves has appeared on both the media and policy agendas; this study examines differences in how four mainstream and four Black newspapers covered this issue. A content analysis revealed that the majority of the slavery reparations articles were printed in the Black press, and a larger percentage of Black press articles were pro-slavery reparations. Both mainstream and Black newspapers most often covered the issue in a legislative context rather than moral or legal one, and both rarely addressed slavery reparations in the context of its potential positive or negative effect on relations between U.S. Blacks and Whites. A larger percentage of mainstream press articles compared slavery reparations with other reparations such as those paid to Japanese internment survivors, Holocaust survivors, and American Indians than did the Black press. In short, the results of this study indicate that Black press coverage of slavery reparations differed from that of the mainstream press during the 20-year period examined.
Risky Business

Objective: A multistage, mixed-methods study using grounded theory with descriptive data was conducted to examine factors in disclosure of intimate partner violence (IPV). Method: In-depth interviews with individuals and focus groups were undertaken to collect data from 98 IPV survivors and service providers to identify influential factors. Quantitative data were also collected on adult trauma levels and child concerns from 20 women. Results: An ecological analysis revealed that IPV disclosure occurs within a complex interplay of distinct individual and environmental considerations. Specific system level factors of the ecological framework—ontogenic, micro, exo, and macro—emerged as influencing disclosure and ultimately shaped womens’ disclosure processes. Conclusion: IPV disclosure remains a “risky business” with perceived negative outcomes outweighing benefits. Results reinforce that social work interventions need to occur at all levels of the human ecology in order to provide effective responses.
Emerging Blockininfectious Blockindiseases Blockin@bullet Blockin Lack of Protection against Ebola Virus from Chloroquine in Mice and Hamsters

The antimalarial drug chloroquine has been suggested as a treatment for Ebola virus infection. Chloroquine inhibited virus BLOCKINreplication BLOCKINin BLOCKINvitro, BLOCKINbut BLOCKINonly BLOCKINat BLOCKINcytotoxic BLOCKINconcentrations. In mouse and hamster models, treatment did not improve survival. Chloroquine is not a promising treatment for Ebola. Efforts should be directed toward other drug classes. C hloroquine was first used as an antimalarial drug until widespread resistance in Plasmodium falciparum strains emerged. However, for >30 years this drug also has been recognized as having broad-spectrum antiviral properties (1), including activity against HIV-1 (2); the human coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coro-navirus (3) and OC43 (4); dengue virus (5); chikungunya virus (6); and influenza virus (7) in cell culture. Despite these data, chloroquine is not approved for use against any viral infections. Previous in vitro data state a half maximal effective concentration (EC 50) and EC 90 of 16 and 25 μmol/L for chloroquine against Ebola virus (EBOV), respectively (8). Twice daily dosing at 90 mg/kg intraperitoneally rapidly achieved a steady-state concentration of 2.5 μg/mL in the blood of mice. This dosing regimen resulted in survival of 85% of mice after infection with mouse-adapted (MA) EBOV (8). These data have led to the suggestion that chlo-roquine and its derivatives be used in persons with EBOV infection because this drug is approved for use in humans, has an extensive safety profile, and is inexpensive (1,9). To determine whether protection would extend to the EBOV hamster model, during 2013–2014 we investigated chloro-quine treatment in this model and attempted to repeat previous in vitro findings and findings in the mouse model. The Study Vero E6 cells were infected with 100 focus-forming units of EBOV expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein. After a 1-h incubation, the inoculum was removed and replaced with media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with 2% fetal bovine serum, Penn/Strep, l-glutamine) containing chloroquine (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA). The supernatant was collected on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 after infection and media replaced with fresh drug. Viral RNA was extracted from the supernatant and quantified by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR as previously described (10). Concurrently, cell viability was assayed by using Cell Titer96 Aqueous One Solution (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. EC was determined by using Prism6 When added 1 h after infection, chloroquine at 5 μg/ mL and 25 μg/mL reduced the viral loads by 0.61 and 1.07 logs, …
The concept of integration. Theoretical concerns and practical meaning

1.1 Introduction We will start with a summary historical overview of how the concept of integration and its cognate notions, like assimilation, acculturation and accommodation, have been and are used in the social sciences when dealing with the phenomenon of immigration and immigrant settlement and inclusion. The proper approach would be a sociology-of-knowledge perspective, in that we start from the proposition that social scientific thought is not an autonomous process determined by internal developments within the social sciences only, but a product of the time and the social context from which it emerges as well. Lack of space, however, precludes that we pay much attention to the shifting historical contexts of the different theories and notions discussed here. We should nonetheless keep in mind that the cognitive and normative domains of migration theorising are strongly interwoven. Theories of integration especially are influenced by, for instance, normative notions as the homogenous nation state, the classless society, or the multicultural society. Hopefully, our perspective will help us to focus on disentangling normative views from theorising on the basis of empirical observations. Following on this outline, we will discuss the notion of integration as a general sociological concept. We will propose to use the social environment, in which individuals and groups form interdependencies, as unit of reference for the concept, which, used in this way, is sometimes specified in the literature as systemic integration or system integration. We will, however, use these generic terms only in an alluding sense, by way of an introduction to specifying three levels (the micro, median and macro level) and discerning four dimensions, departing from a classification by Hartmut Esser (2001)
Using Habermas to Evaluate Two Approaches to Negotiated Assessment

Recent discussions about learning and teaching have been strongly influenced by phenomenographic theories which focus on students' experience of learning. This theoretical orientation underestimates the importance of the tutor/student relationship. Habermas's theory of communicative action provides a model of student-tutor interaction which holds out the prospect of an 'emancipatory' adult education. By comparing two courses, both aimed at HE staff and both using forms of negotiated assessment, this paper examines the possibility of approaching the Habermassian 'ideal speech situation'. The course participants' experience of negotiated assessment is evaluated against the declared philosophy of the tutors. Although many of the ideals of the tutors found confirmation in the experience of the participants, the paper explores the factors which influenced the greater success achieved by one of the courses in approaching the Habermassian ideal than the other.
Feminism and Islam, Legal and Literary Perspectives

In an age when Western feminism is continuously undergoing redefinition, the struggles of women in Muslim countries are often overlooked. This volume illustrates how women in Islamic societies have become more actively involved not only in learning their rights under the sharia (Islamic law) but in rereading this law to improve their status and gain increased equality and freedom. Surveying Iran, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Egypt and Arab societies in general, the essays in feminism and Islam focus on such subjects as crimes of honor and the construction of gender in Arab societies; law and the desire for social control; women ad entrepreneurship; family legislation; and the political strategies of feminists in the Islam world.
Increasing the PV hosting capacity of LV networks: OLTC-fitted transformers vs. reinforcements

The increasing adoption of domestic-scale photovoltaic (PV) systems in the UK is likely to bring significant technical voltage rise issues in low voltage (LV) networks. This work investigates the techno-economic benefits from using onload tap changers (OLTC)-fitted transformers to cope with high penetrations of PV. Two voltage regulation approaches are considered: local (busbar) and remote (furthest point). Results are contrasted with traditional network reinforcements. High resolution profiles for residential load and PV systems are used on a real UK LV network. The findings show that the OLTC-fitted transformer increases the hosting capacity of the network. The remote approach combined with adequate OLTC design performs better than the local one but the former is only needed for high penetration levels (from 70%). Finally, it is shown that the reinforcement alternative is more cost-effective for smaller penetration levels (up to 60%) in the network studied and for current prices.
Australasian sky islands act as a diversity pump facilitating peripheral speciation and complex reversal from narrow endemic to widespread ecological supertramp

The Australasian archipelago is biologically extremely diverse as a result of a highly puzzling geological and biological evolution. Unveiling the underlying mechanisms has never been more attainable as molecular phylogenetic and geological methods improve, and has become a research priority considering increasing human-mediated loss of biodiversity. However, studies of finer scaled evolutionary patterns remain rare particularly for megadiverse Melanesian biota. While oceanic islands have received some attention in the region, likewise insular mountain blocks that serve as species pumps remain understudied, even though Australasia, for example, features some of the most spectacular tropical alpine habitats in the World. Here, we sequenced almost 2 kb of mitochondrial DNA from the widespread diving beetle Rhantus suturalis from across Australasia and the Indomalayan Archipelago, including remote New Guinean highlands. Based on expert taxonomy with a multigene phylogenetic backbone study, and combining molecular phylogenetics, phylogeography, divergence time estimation, and historical demography, we recover comparably low geographic signal, but complex phylogenetic relationships and population structure within R. suturalis. Four narrowly endemic New Guinea highland species are subordinated and two populations (New Guinea, New Zealand) seem to constitute cases of ongoing speciation. We reveal repeated colonization of remote mountain chains where haplotypes out of a core clade of very widespread haplotypes syntopically might occur with well-isolated ones. These results are corroborated by a Pleistocene origin approximately 2.4 Ma ago, followed by a sudden demographic expansion 600,000 years ago that may have been initiated through climatic adaptations. This study is a snapshot of the early stages of lineage diversification by peripatric speciation in Australasia, and supports New Guinea sky islands as cradles of evolution, in line with geological evidence suggesting very recent origin of high altitudes in the region.