Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Male Body

Three meta-analytic reviews have concluded that physical activity is positively related to 6 body image. Historically, research regarding physical activity and body image has been 7 disproportionately focused on female samples. For example, the most recent meta-analysis 8 (2009) extracted 56 effect sizes for women and only 12 for men. The current paper provides an 9 update to the literature regarding the relationship between physical activity and body image 10 among men and boys across 84 individual effect sizes. The analysis also provides insight 11 regarding moderator variables including participant age, and physical activity type and intensity. 12 Overall, physical activity was positively related to body image among men and boys with 13 various moderator variables warranting further investigation. Pragmatic implications are 14 discussed as well as the limitations within existing research and need for additional research to 15 further understand moderator and mediator variables. 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
STRATEGIC NETWORKS 1

STRATEGIC NETWORKS Ranjay Gulati, Nitin Nohria, Akbar Zaheer Abstract This paper introduces the important role of strategic networks resulting from interfirm ties for fundamental issues in strategy research. It extends prior research, which has primarily viewed firms as autonomous entities striving for competitive advantage from either external industry sources or from internal resources and capabilities, and paid less attention to the networks of relationships in which firms are embedded in influencing their conduct and performance. It identifies five key issues in strategy research in which there is immense potential for incorporating strategic networks: (1) industry structure, (2) positioning within an industry, (3) inimitable firm resources and capabilities, (4) contracting and coordination costs, and (5) dynamic network constraints and benefits. For each of these issues, the paper outlines some of the new and important insights that result from introducing the role of strategic networks.
Converting frames into OWL : Preparing Mikrokosmos for Linguistic Creativity

Linguistic creativity requires a complex combination of explicitly declared knowledge and problem-specific inference processes. The COLIBRI CBR shell combines ontologies and description logics to develop CBR solutions to complex problems. The ontologies provide a number of ready-made resources that fulfill the need for explicit knowledge without the need to hand-craft it, whereas the description logics that underlie the shell can deal with complex inferences like instance classification or generalization. Currently there is a shortage of ontologies with sufficient linguistic coverage that can be formulated in the description logic formalism. The present paper describes an attempt to convert a frame-based lingusitic resource (Mikrokosmos) to the description logic formalism in order to make it available for further attempts at developing a language generation systems that can exhibit creative behaviour. This has been achieved for OIL and is currently in process for OWL, which is an evolution of hte standard. A description is provided of the structure of Mikrokosmos and its semantics. Then we provide a brief outline of the target resources (OIL and OWL) and the particular tools that we use to manipulate them (JCopernico, RACER, Prot éǵe). The mapping used is outlined, and the expected applications of this resource to linguistic creativity
Removal of artifacts from JPEG compressed document images

We present a segmentation-based post-processing method to remove compression artifacts from JPEG compressed document images. JPEG compressed images typically exhibit ringing and blocking artifacts, which can be objectionable to the viewer above certain compression levels. The ringing is more dominant around textual regions while the blocking is more visible in natural images. Despite extensive research, reducing these artifacts in an effective manner still remains challenging. Document images are often segmented for various reasons. As a result, the segmentation information in many instances is available without requiring additional computation. We have developed a low computational cost method to reduce ringing and blocking artifacts for segmented document images. The method assumes the textual parts and pictorial regions in the document have been separated from each other by an automatic segmentation technique. It performs simple image processing techniques to clean out ringing and blocking artifacts from these regions.
Web animation to communicate iterative development

eL-CID (e-Learning to Communicate Iterative Development) demonstrates computer programs' iterative design using computer animation. It translates descriptions of iterative editing into a dynamic visualisation of the changes, as if code was being edited in front of the user.A range of animations has been developed and the system evaluated through action research. The evaluation reveals a great diversity in the patterns of usage of the animations among students. It also identifies directions for further development and work that eL-CID enables in program development cognition.
A framework for comparing remotely sensed and in-situ CO 2 concentrations

A framework has been developed that allows validating CO 2 column averaged volume mixing ratios (VMRs) retrieved from ground-based solar absorption measurements using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTS) against measurements made in-situ (such as from aircrafts and tall towers). Since in-situ measurements are done frequently and at high accuracy on the global calibration scale, linking this scale with FTS total column retrievals ultimately provides a calibration scale for remote sensing. FTS, tower and aircraft data were analyzed from measurements during the CarboEurope Regional Experiment Strategy (CERES) from May to June 2005 in Biscarrosse, France. Carbon dioxide VMRs from the MetAir Dimona aircraft, the TM3 global transport model and Observations of the Middle Stratosphere (OMS) balloon based experiments were combined and integrated to compare with the FTS measurements. The comparison allows for calibrating the retrieved carbon dioxide VMRs from the FTS. The Stochastic Time Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) model was then utilized to identify differences in surface influence regions or footprints between the FTS and the aircraft CO 2 concentrations. Additionally, the STILT model was used to compare carbon dioxide concentrations from a tall tower situated in close proximity to the FTS station. The STILT model was then modified to produce column concentrations of CO 2 to facilitate comparison with the FTS data. These comparisons were additionally verified by using the Weather Research and Forecasting – Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (WRF-VPRM). The differences between the model-tower and the model-FTS were then used to calculate an effective bias of approximately −2.5 ppm between the FTS and the tower. This bias is attributed to the scaling factor used in the FTS CO 2 data, which was to a large extent derived from the aircraft measurements made within a 50 km distance from the FTS station: spatial heterogeneity of carbon dioxide in the coastal area caused a low bias in the FTS calibration. Using STILT for comparing remotely sensed CO 2 data with tower measurements of carbon dioxide and quantifying this comparison by means of an effective bias, provided a framework or a "transfer standard" that allowed validating the FTS retrievals versus measurements made in-situ.
Sonographic diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome: a study in 200 hospital workers*

Objective To describe the prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in a sample of 200 healthy hospital workers, establishing the respective epidemiological associations. Materials and Methods Two hundred individuals were submitted to wrist ultrasonography to measure the median nerve area. They were questioned and examined for epidemiological data, body mass index, carpal tunnel syndrome signs and symptoms, and submitted to the Boston carpal tunnel questionnaire (BCTQ) to evaluate the carpal tunnel syndrome severity. A median nerve area ≥ 9 mm2 was considered to be diagnostic of carpal tunnel syndrome. Results Carpal tunnel syndrome was diagnosed by ultrasonography in 34% of the sample. It was observed the association of carpal tunnel syndrome with age (p < 0.0001), paresthesia (p < 0.0001), Tinel’s test (p < 0.0001), Phalen’s test (p < 0.0001), BCTQ score (p < 0.0001), and years of formal education (p < 0.0001). Years of formal education was the only variable identified as an independent risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome (95% CI = 1.03 to 1.24). Conclusion The prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in a population of hospital workers was of 34%. The number of years of formal education was the only independent risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome.
LTB spacetimes in terms of Dirac observables

The construction of Dirac observables, that is, gauge-invariant objects, in general relativity is technically more complicated than in other gauge theories such as the standard model due to its more complicated gauge group which is closely related to the group of spacetime diffeomorphisms. However, the explicit and usually cumbersome expression of Dirac observables in terms of gauge noninvariant quantities is irrelevant if their Poisson algebra is sufficiently simple. Precisely that can be achieved by employing the relational formalism and a specific type of matter proposed originally by Brown and Kuchař, namely pressureless dust fields. Moreover one is able to derive a compact expression for a physical Hamiltonian that drives their physical time evolution. The resulting gauge-invariant Hamiltonian system is obtained by Higgs-ing the dust scalar fields and has an infinite number of conserved charges which force the Goldstone bosons to decouple from the evolution. In previous publications we have shown that explicitly for cosmological perturbations. In this paper we analyse the spherically symmetric sector of the theory and it turns out that the solutions are in one-to-one correspondence with the class of Lemaître–Tolman–Bondi metrics. Therefore, the theory is capable of properly describing the whole class of gravitational experiments that rely on the assumption of spherical symmetry.
Combined heart rate and activity improve estimates of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production rates.

Oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) rates were measured by electronically recording heart rate (HR) and physical activity (PA). Mean daily VO2 and VCO2 measurements by HR and PA were validated in adults (n = 10 women and 10 men) with room calorimeters. Thirteen linear and nonlinear functions of HR alone and HR combined with PA were tested as models of 24-h VO2 and VCO2. Mean sleep VO2 and VCO2 were similar to basal metabolic rates and were accurately estimated from HR alone [respective mean errors were -0.2 +/- 0.8 (SD) and -0.4 +/- 0.6%]. The range of prediction errors for 24-h VO2 and VCO2 was smallest for a model that used PA to assign HR for each minute to separate active and inactive curves (VO2, -3.3 +/- 3.5%; VCO2, -4.6 +/- 3%). There were no significant correlations between VO2 or VCO2 errors and subject age, weight, fat mass, ration of daily to basal energy expenditure rate, or fitness. VO2, VCO2, and energy expenditure recorded for 3 free-living days were 5.6 +/- 0.9 ml.min-1.kg-1, 4.7 +/- 0.8 ml. min-1.kg-1, and 7.8 +/- 1.6 kJ/min, respectively. Combined HR and PA measured 24-h VO2 and VCO2 with a precision similar to alternative methods.
Study of DDO 68: nearest candidate young galaxy?

We present the results of optical spectroscopy and imaging with the SAO 6 m telescope for the dwarf galaxy DDO 68 (UGC 5340 = VV 542), falling into the region of very low density of luminous ($L > L_{*}$) galaxies (Lynx-Cancer void). Its deep images in $V,R$ bands and in the narrow H α -filter show that this galaxy has the very irregular morphology, with a long curved tail on the South and a ring-like structure at the Northern edge. The latter consists of 5 separate regions, in three of which we could measure O/H by the classical T e method. Their weighted mean oxygen abundance corresponds to $12+\log\, ({\rm O/H})=7.21 \pm 0.03$, coincident within uncertainties with those for I Zw 18. The $(V-R)$ colour of DDO 68 is rather blue all over the galaxy, indicating the youth of its stellar populations. Comparing the $(V-R)^{0}$ colour of the underlying exponential disk of 0$\fm$$12\pm0.04$ with the PEGASE.2 models for the evolving stellar clusters, we give the first estimate of the ages of the oldest stellar population, which needs confirmation by the other colours and the photometry of resolved stars. These ages are in the range of 200–900 Myr for continuous star formation law, and ~100–115 Myr for the instantaneous starburst. We discuss the properties and the possible youth of this nearby object (~2.3 times closer than the famous young galaxy I Zw 18) in the context of its atypical environment.
Experimental Assessment of NoSQL Databases Dependability

NoSQL databases are the response to the sheer volume of data being generated, stored, and analysed by modern users and applications. They are extremely scalable horizontally and store data with less rigid structures than the relational ones. NoSQL databases are known to compromise consistency in favour of availability, partition tolerance, and performance. Several studies evaluated the performance of these databases, but the users also need to understand how they behave in the presence of faults and quantify the impact of those faults. This paper presents an experimental evaluation of NoSQL databases' dependability using fault injection, which compares three widely used NoSQL engines based on how they perform in the presence of operator faults. The results show clearly that many times the integrity of the data is affected, even in the presence of simple faults. It is also shown how different databases handle the workloads and the faults differently, evidencing that users must carefully select the solution to use in their systems.
Network compression: Worst-case analysis

We consider the problem of communicating a distributed correlated memoryless source over a memoryless network, from source nodes to destination nodes, under quadratic distortion constraints. We show the following two complementary results: (a) for an arbitrary memoryless network, among all distributed memoryless sources with a particular correlation, Gaussian sources are the worst compressible, that is, they admit the smallest set of achievable distortion tuples, and (b) for any arbitrarily distributed memoryless source to be communicated over a memoryless additive noise network, among all noise processes with a fixed correlation, Gaussian noise admits the smallest achievable set of distortion tuples. In each case, given a coding scheme for the corresponding Gaussian problem, we provide a technique for the construction of a new coding scheme that achieves the same distortion at the destination nodes in a non-Gaussian scenario with the same correlation structure.
predation risk Phenotypically plastic neophobia : a response to variable

Supplementary data tml http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/suppl/2013/02/05/rspb.2012. 2712.DC1. h "Data Supplement" References http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/280/1756/20122712.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 43 articles, 8 of which can be accessed free Subject collections (914 articles) behaviour  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections Email alerting service here right-hand corner of the article or click Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box at the top
Preservice Teachers’ Perspective Transformations as Social Change Agents

In this article, we investigate whether, and in what ways, the learning experiences in a capstone course in reflective teaching impact the perspective transformations (PT) of preservice teachers toward a diverse K-12 student population and the plans of preservice teachers to take future action as change agents. Using an adaptation of the Learning Activities Survey as a measure of PT and as a way to identify those learning experiences that may contribute to such transformations as well as textual analysis of participants’ reflective writing, we connect personal transformation and local and limited agency. Developing significant praxis may require additional learning experiences and time. Transformative learning theory is presented as a possible frame for developing meaningful learning experiences that impact a change in perspective of preservice teachers in their preparation programs.
Optimal finite difference grids for direct and inverse Sturm–Liouville problems

We study finite difference approximations of solutions of direct and inverse Sturm–Liouville problems, in a finite or infinite interval on the real line. The discretization is done on optimal grids, with a three-point finite difference stencil. The optimal location of the grid points is calculated via a rational approximation of the Neumann-to-Dirichlet map and the latter converges exponentially fast. We prove that optimal grids obtained for constant coefficients are asymptotically optimal for variable coefficient direct problems. We also show that optimal grids, together with methods of inverse spectral problems for Jacobi matrices, can be used for the solution of continuous inverse Sturm–Liouville problems. In particular, we formulate and analyse a new inversion algorithm, where the unknown coefficients that we image are optimally discretized. We prove that optimal grids provide necessary conditions for convergence of the discrete inverse problem and we demonstrate the effectiveness of our imaging approach through numerical simulations.
MODELLING THE RETIREMENT DECISION: A MARTINGALE DUALITY APPROACH

This paper develops an explicit model of retirement under uncertainty. A duality method based on the martingale representation methodology is used to obtain a tractable solution in a continuous–time framework. The paper also unifies the retirement models adopted in economics and finance by incorporating portfolio allocation problem as well as utility maximization problem. We also provide a framework for the valuation of the pension wealth.
Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation Quality

Any scientific endeavour must be evaluated in order to assess its correctness. In many applied sciences it is necessary to check that the theory adequately matches actual observations. In Machine Translation (MT), evaluation serves two purposes: relative evaluation allows us to check whether one MT technique is better than another, while absolute evaluation gives an absolute measure of performance, eg a score of 1 may mean a perfect translation.
Learning Deep Features via Congenerous Cosine Loss for Person Recognition

Person recognition aims at recognizing the same identity across time and space with complicated scenes and similar appearance. In this paper, we propose a novel method to address this task by training a network to obtain robust and representative features. The intuition is that we directly compare and optimize the cosine distance between two features - enlarging inter-class distinction as well as alleviating inner-class variance. We propose a congenerous cosine loss by minimizing the cosine distance between samples and their cluster centroid in a cooperative way. Such a design reduces the complexity and could be implemented via softmax with normalized inputs. Our method also differs from previous work in person recognition that we do not conduct a second training on the test subset. The identity of a person is determined by measuring the similarity from several body regions in the reference set. Experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves better classification accuracy against previous state-of-the-arts.
Positive psychology on the college campus

Preface Chapter 1: Positive Psychology and Higher Education: The Contribution of Positive Psychology to Student Success and Institutional Effectiveness Laurie A. Schreiner Chapter 2: Millennials in Higher Education: As Students Change, Much about Them Remains the Same Frank Shushok Jr. and Vera Kidd Chapter 3: Positive Psychology 101 Jeana L. Magyar-Moe Chapter 4: Cultural Competence in Positive Psychology: History, Research, and Practice Jennifer Teramoto Pedrotti Chapter 5: Enhancing Intellectual Development and Academic Success in College: Insights and Strategies from Positive Psychology Michelle C. Louis Chapter 6: Positive Psychology in the Classroom Jeana L. Magyar-Moe Chapter 7: Positive Career Counseling John C. Wade Chapter 8: Positive Supervision and Training Janice E. Jones and John C. Wade Chapter 9: Personal Growth and Development Christine Robitschek and Megan A. Thoen Chapter 10: Social Development and Relationship Enhancement Sarah L. Hastings and Tracy J. Cohn Chapter 11: The Role of Positive Psychology in Fostering Spiritual Development and a Sense of Calling in College Bruce W. Smith, Belinda Vicuna, and Glory Emmanuel Chapter 12: The Intersection of Positive Psychology and Leadership Development Sharra Hynes Chapter 13: Positive Psychology in College Sport and Exercise Lisa M. Miller Chapter 14: Life Coaching for Students Lawrence I. Marks Chapter 15: Creating a Positive Campus Culture Tim Hodges and Jessica Kennedy Index
Grain Alignment by Radiation in Dark Clouds and Cores

We study alignment of grains by radiative torques. We found a steep rise in radiative torque efficiency as grain size increases. This allows the larger grains that are known to exist within molecular clouds to be aligned by the attenuated and reddened interstellar radiation field. In particular, we found that, even deep inside giant molecular clouds, e.g., at optical depths corresponding to AV ≲ 10, large grains can still be aligned by radiative torques. This means that, contrary to earlier claims, far-infrared/submillimeter polarimetry provides a reliable tool to study magnetic fields of prestellar cores. Our results show that the grain size distribution is important for determining the relation between the degree of polarization and intensity.
Mechanisms Underlying Neonatal Hypoxia Ischemia

Neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a common health problem and occurs in approximately 1- 6 in 1000 term infants every year. After the initial hypoxic ischemic insult, brain injury evolves for days and possibly even weeks. The severity of the injury depends on the gestational age and duration of the insult. The exact underlying mechanisms of neonatal HIE remain undefined and many differences exist between adult and neonatal brain injury. In order to better understand the mechanisms underlying hypoxic ischemic injury and develop more effective therapies for HIE, different animal models of neonatal brain injury was developed. The proposed mechanisms include excitotoxicity, necrotic and apoptotic neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, inflammation and non-NMDA dependent pathways. New evidence suggests that non-NMDA-dependent pathways, such as the Na + /H + exchangers and non-selective Ca 2+ -activated ATP-sensitive cation channels, may also be involved in HIE. Activation of these mechanisms after the hypoxic and ischemic insult contributes to pathogenesis simultaneously or sequentially. This review summarizes the different models of neonatal HIE, major cellular and molecular mechanisms, potential therapies that are currently investigated either in preclinical experimental animal models or in clinical trials in hypoxic ischemic brain injury in neonates.