Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Duration of Maternal Antibodies against Canine Distemper Virus and Hendra Virus in Pteropid Bats

Old World frugivorous bats have been identified as natural hosts for emerging zoonotic viruses of significant public health concern, including henipaviruses (Nipah and Hendra virus), Ebola virus, and Marburg virus. Epidemiological studies of these viruses in bats often utilize serology to describe viral dynamics, with particular attention paid to juveniles, whose birth increases the overall susceptibility of the population to a viral outbreak once maternal immunity wanes. However, little is understood about bat immunology, including the duration of maternal antibodies in neonates. Understanding duration of maternally derived immunity is critical for characterizing viral dynamics in bat populations, which may help assess the risk of spillover to humans. We conducted two separate studies of pregnant Pteropus bat species and their offspring to measure the half-life and duration of antibodies to 1) canine distemper virus antigen in vaccinated captive Pteropus hypomelanus; and 2) Hendra virus in wild-caught, naturally infected Pteropus alecto. Both of these pteropid bat species are known reservoirs for henipaviruses. We found that in both species, antibodies were transferred from dam to pup. In P. hypomelanus pups, titers against CDV waned over a mean period of 228.6 days (95% CI: 185.4–271.8) and had a mean terminal phase half-life of 96.0 days (CI 95%: 30.7–299.7). In P. alecto pups, antibodies waned over 255.13 days (95% CI: 221.0–289.3) and had a mean terminal phase half-life of 52.24 days (CI 95%: 33.76–80.83). Each species showed a duration of transferred maternal immunity of between 7.5 and 8.5 months, which was longer than has been previously estimated. These data will allow for more accurate interpretation of age-related Henipavirus serological data collected from wild pteropid bats.
Synaptic input of ON‐bipolar cells onto the dopaminergic neurons of the mouse retina

In the retina, dopamine fulfills a crucial role in neural adaptation to photopic illumination, but the pathway that carries cone signals to the dopaminergic amacrine (DA) cells was controversial. We identified the site of ON‐cone bipolar input onto DA cells in transgenic mice in which both types of catecholaminergic amacrine (CA) cells were labeled with green fluorescent protein or human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP). In confocal Z series of retinal whole mounts stained with antibodies to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), DA cells gave rise to varicose processes that descended obliquely through the scleral half of the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and formed a loose, tangential plexus in the middle of this layer. Comparison with the distribution of the dendrites of type 2 CA cells and examination of neurobiotin‐injected DA cells proved that their vitreal processes were situated in stratum S3 of the IPL. Electron microscope demonstration of PLAP activity showed that bipolar cell endings in S3 established ribbon synapses onto a postsynaptic dyad in which one or both processes were labeled by a precipitate of lead phosphate and therefore belonged to DA cells. In places, the postsynaptic DA cell processes returned a reciprocal synapse onto the bipolar endings. Confocal images of sections stained with antibodies to TH, kinesin Kif3a, which labels synaptic ribbons, and glutamate or GABAA receptors, confirmed that ribbon‐containing endings made glutamatergic synapses onto DA cells processes in S3 and received from them GABAergic synapses. The presynaptic ON‐bipolar cells most likely belonged to the CB3 (type 5) variety. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:2035–2050, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incorporating the results of co-word analyses to increase search variety for information retrieval

This research aims to incorporate the results of co-word analysis into information retrieval as a means to increase search variety for end users in the domain of information retrieval. Relevant data were first collected from Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index for the period 1987-1997. The results of co-word analysis on the data were compared with similar data obtained from three thesauri: Library and Information Science Abstracts thesaurus, Library of Congress Subject Headings and Thesaurus of Information Technology Terms . The differences detected between them indicate that the search variety may be increased by combining co-word analysis with the use of traditional thesauri. Subsequently, the results of co-word analysis were compared with each other for two different periods (1987-1991 and 1992-1997). The changes among them were identified, implying that co-word analysis may be used directly to identify dynamic changes in its chosen domain area, thereby providing better up-to-date information to aid the information search process.
Monoclonal antibody with hemagglutination, immobilization, and neutralization activities defines an immunodominant, 47,000 mol wt, surface-exposed immunogen of Treponema pallidum (Nichols)

Radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) analyses performed on 125I-surface- labeled Treponema pallidum cells using various immune sera revealed the presence of six major surface antigens (immunogens) with apparent molecular weights of 47 K, 36 K, 34 K, 32 K, 29 K, and 13 K. Among these, the 47 K surface antigen was most abundant. Radioimmunoprecipitation assays using 125I-labeled T. phagedenis biotype Reiter or immunoblot analyses using the same strain, failed to reveal the presence of the 47 K mol wt antigen in the representative nonpathogenic treponeme. Preabsorption of anti-T. pallidum immune rabbit serum (IRS) with the Reiter organism did not remove anti-T. pallidum antibodies from immune serum that reacted with the 47 K mol wt immunogen or other immunogens of T. pallidum present in the characteristic antigenic profile. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed specifically against the 47 K mol wt immunogen of T. pallidum also failed to react with an analogous 47 K mol wt component in Treponema phagedenis biotype Reiter, further suggesting the unique presence of this antigen in pathogenic treponemes. The presence of the 47 K mol wt surface immunogen in pathogenic treponemes other than T. pallidum subspecies pallidum was also observed (43). Anti-47 K immunogen mAb was nonreactive against rabbit IgG or IgM. mAb directed specifically against the 47 K mol wt immunogen of T. pallidum was examined for strategic functional activities. It was found to be reactive in the microhemagglutination assay for T. pallidum antibodies, the T. pallidum immobilization test, and was found to be capable of significant blockage of attachment of virulent T. pallidum to host cells in tissue culture. Additional significant biological activity for the anti-47 K mol wt immunogen mAb was revealed through results of the in vitro-in vivo neutralization test of Bishop and Miller, in which a 99% or 100% neutralizing activity was demonstrated. The combined data of this study suggest that the 47 K mol wt immunogen of T. pallidum represents an abundant, immunodominant, surface-exposed immunogen possessing potential biological importance in the pathogenesis and immunology of T. pallidum infection. These studies serve to establish the first functionally defined immunogen for T. pallidum, which may represent the major immunogen of the organism.
Land subsidence analysis in Bandar Lampung City based on InSAR

Bandar Lampung is one of the cities in Indonesia, which has the potential to land subsidence due to human activities or natural phenomena. However, it is still lack of information and the study of land subsidence that was ever made. This research used 15 SARs data in the intervening years from 2006 to 2011 and was combined to produce the interferogram, and then, it was inverted by using SBAS algorithm. Based on data analysis, SBAS technique was reliable enough to determine the deformation symptoms quickly and accurately. However, some locations had indications of subsidence more than 5 mm/year, even the highest reaches more than 30 mm/year which is identified in the Campang Raya, Camang, Kangkung, Sukaraja, Bakung, and Beringin Raya. Subsidence that occurred is suspected caused by tectonic and human activities and is more likely to occur in the new area suffered by land conversion. Subsidence that occurred implies on damage to the building structure, the occurrence of tidal flooding in coastal areas, and landslides in hilly areas.
Use of Glucose Rate of Change Arrows to Adjust Insulin Therapy Among Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Who Use Continuous Glucose Monitoring.

OBJECTIVE This study was performed to understand and to compare differences in utilization of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and the rate of change (ROC) arrow to adjust insulin therapy among individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D), comparing those treated with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) with those treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We surveyed 222 T1D individuals who regularly used real-time CGM to obtain information about general CGM use and response to glucose ROC arrows in managing their diabetes. RESULTS The survey was completed by 222 T1D individuals. Respondents included CSII (n = 166) and MDI (n = 56) users. MDI and CSII respondents reported similar substantial increases in correction dosages (from 220 mg/dL to 120 mg/dL) in response to increasing glucose (one ROC arrow up: rising 2-3 mg/dL/min): +120% and +108%, respectively (P = 0.13). MDI and CSII respondents reported similar substantial increases in correction dosages in response to rapidly increasing glucose (two arrows up: rising >3 mg/dL/min): +146% and +138%, respectively (P = 0.72). When correcting from 220 mg/dL to 120 mg/dL, MDI respondents reported larger correction dosage reductions than CSII respondents in response to decreasing glucose (one ROC down arrow: decreasing 2-3 mg/dL/min) and rapidly decreasing glucose (two ROC down arrows: decreasing >3 mg/dL/min): -50% versus -37%, respectively (P = .024) and -52% versus 38%, respectively (P = 0.034). Similar between-group differences were observed in mealtime dosage adjustments. CONCLUSIONS CGM users often rely on ROC information when determining insulin doses and tend to make larger changes than current recommendations suggest regardless of insulin delivery method.
Costs differences among monoclonal antibodies-based first-line oncology cancer protocols for breast cancer, colorectal carcinoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PURPOSE To assess and compare the costs of first-line monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) treatment protocols in breast cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and colorectal carcinoma in South-Eastern Europe. METHODS A retrospective, bottom-up case series study design was implemented with one-year time horizon and payer's perspective. The study sample size was 265 patients (breast cancer, N=137; colorectal cancer, N=44; and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, N=84), while treatment protocols included adjuvant mAbs: trastuzumab (N=137), bevacizumab (N=28), rituximab (N=16) and cetuximab (N=84). ICD-10 related resources use included history of medical services utilization, chronology (time out of service provision) and unit consumption of examinations, drugs prescribed, imaging, radiotherapy and surgical procedures provided etc., direct medical and lost productivity costs (€) across treatment groups during 2010-2013. RESULTS The average length of observation was 125+97 days per patient. Total mean direct and indirect costs of care were: trastuzumab for breast cancer group € 17,740 per patient; bevacizumab for colorectal carcinoma group €8,775 per patient; cetuximab for colorectal carcinoma group € 27,181 per patient; and rituximab for non-Hodgkin lymphoma group €19,431 per patient. An average mAbs-treated patient incurred €17,897 costs of medical care. The total combined budget of these 330 patients was €4,742,775. CONCLUSIONS The use of mAbs strongly correlated with high costs in first-line cancer medical care and dominated other cost domains. Cetuximab-based treatment protocols in colorectal carcinoma patients was substantially more expensive compared to trastuzumab (C50), bevacizumab (C20), and rituximab (C80) alternatives. Extremely high costs of mAbs are the key-issue for Eastern European policy makers by crossing the upper limits of affordability in middle-income economies.
Online TSV health monitoring and built-in self-repair to overcome aging

TSV redundancy and reconfiguration in 3D-ICs is a well-known method for overcoming TSV manufacturing faults. However, additional post-manufacturing faults can manifest over the lifetime of the chip due to aging effects such as electromigration and thermal cycling. This paper presents a scheme which leverages the existing reconfiguration infrastructure and unused redundant TSVs to overcome runtime faults caused by aging. Failures due to aging faults are predicted by tracking the degree of degradation on each TSV over time, allowing reconfiguration to occur before failure actually occurs. The experimental results reported in this paper indicate that the proposed tracking scheme presented in this work can lead to a 13.8% increase in MTTF of the simulated circuit, while maintaining a sampling rate of less than one sample per week.
Phenotypic plasticity in evolutionary rescue experiments

Population persistence in a new and stressful environment can be influenced by the plastic phenotypic responses of individuals to this environment, and by the genetic evolution of plasticity itself. This process has recently been investigated theoretically, but testing the quantitative predictions in the wild is challenging because (i) there are usually not enough population replicates to deal with the stochasticity of the evolutionary process, (ii) environmental conditions are not controlled, and (iii) measuring selection and the inheritance of traits affecting fitness is difficult in natural populations. As an alternative, predictions from theory can be tested in the laboratory with controlled experiments. To illustrate the feasibility of this approach, we briefly review the literature on the experimental evolution of plasticity, and on evolutionary rescue in the laboratory, paying particular attention to differences and similarities between microbes and multicellular eukaryotes. We then highlight a set of questions that could be addressed using this framework, which would enable testing the robustness of theoretical predictions, and provide new insights into areas that have received little theoretical attention to date.
Multi-Market Direction-of-Change Modeling Using Dependence Ratios

We consider a multivariate dynamic model for the joint distribution of binary outcomes associated with directions-of-change for several markets or assets. The marginal distribution of each binary outcome follows a dynamic binary choice model, while the association structure is parameterized via possibly time varying dependence ratios. We illustrate the technique using daily stock index returns from three European markets, from three Baltic markets, and from two Chinese exchanges.
A machine learning based spectrum-sensing algorithm using sample covariance matrix

In this paper, we propose a machine learning based spectrum sensing method using the sample covariance matrix of the received signal vector from multiple antennas. Before sensing, the cognitive radio (CR) will first apply the unsupervised learning algorithm (e.g., K-means Clustering) to discover primary user's (PU) transmission patterns. Then, the supervised learning algorithm (e.g., Support Vector Machine) is used to train CR to distinguish PU's status. These two learning phases are implemented using the feature vector that is formed by two parameters of the sample covariance matrix. One parameter is the ratio between the maximum eigenvalue and the minimum eigenvalue; the other is the ratio between the absolute sum of all matrix elements and absolute sum of the diagonal elements. The proposed method does not need any information about the signal, channel, and the noise power a priori. Simulations clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The hglm Package ( version 1 . 2 )

This vignette describes the R hglm package via a series of applications that may be of interest to applied scientists. The hglm package implements the estimation algorithm for hierarchical generalized linear models. The package fits generalized linear models with random effects, where the random effect may come from a conjugate exponential-family distribution (Gaussian, Gamma, Beta or inverse-Gamma). The design matrices both for the fixed and random effects can be explicitly specified, which allows fitting correlated random effects as well as random regression models. Fixed effects may also be modeled in the dispersion parameter. The hglm package produces estimates of fixed effects, random effects, variance components as well as their standard errors. Model diagnostics such as deviances and leverages can be visualized. At the end of this vignette, estimates from the hglm package are compared to the ones from GenStat for several examples previously published by Lee and Nelder.
Cerrados in Argentina? Structure, diversity and biogeography of the woody component of a savanna in the Misiones Province

Abstract The Teyú Cuaré field, in Misiones province, Argentina, has been renowned for its flora and physiognomy, which led researchers to indicate that it could be a relict of Cerrado biome. We analyzed the floristic structure of the woody component of a savanna community in this site, and discussed the processes that could contribute to the permanence of this vegetation type over time. Perimeter and height of all woody individuals ≥ 10 cm of perimeter at soil height were collected in 12 square plots (400 m2 each one). We found 15 families and 17 species in our site and compared the woody flora surveyed at this site with the flora of other Cerrado áreas from Brazil and Paraguay. Leptolobium elegans had the highest importance value. The woody flora of the área is closely related to the Cerrado areas from Paraná state in Brazil and Canindeyú and Amambay in Paraguay. This site probably reflects old open physiognomies which were predominant in Misiones and Southern of Brazil in the late Pleistocene and middle Holocene. We inferred that the permanence of open physiognomies at Teyú Cuaré is probably related to mechanisms that act at different levels, such as geological, edaphic, anthropic, and fire disturbance.
Child Negative Emotionality and Parental Harsh Discipline in Chinese Preschoolers: The Different Mediating Roles of Maternal and Paternal Anxiety

Previous research has suggested that harsh discipline is still prevalent in modern Chinese families and it is necessary to explore the cause and the potential mechanisms of Chinese parental use of harsh discipline. This study examined the mediating effects of parental anxiety in the relations between child negative emotionality and parental harsh discipline in China. Using a sample of 328 Chinese father-mother dyads with their young children, findings revealed that maternal anxiety mediated the relations between child negative emotionality and maternal psychological aggression and corporal punishment, but the mediating effects of paternal anxiety on the relations between child negative emotionality and paternal harsh discipline was not significant. The findings provide an important supplement and extension to previous examinations of the factors associated with Chinese parental use of harsh discipline and its mechanisms.
Wavelength Translation in WDM Networks: Optimization Models and Solution Procedures

Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) is the best technology currently available to handle the rapidly increasing demand for bandwidth in fiber-optical telecommunications networks. In a WDM wavelength-routed network, end users communicate with one another using all-optical channels calledlightpaths. Such lightpaths are used to support point-to-point connections and may span multiple fiber links. In the absence of wavelength translators, a lightpath must use the same wavelengths from origin to destination along each fiber span. Translators located at nodes permit wavelength translation within a lightpath. This investigation presents an empirical study comparing solutions that forbid translation with those that permit translation. For our 20 test problems, the extreme cases of no translation and translation at every node are solvable using CPLEX. For the more difficult intermediate cases, a special tabu search heuristic was developed. For those difficult cases, the tabu search procedure ran approximately 25 times faster than CPLEX using the default settings and in 78% of the problem instances found solutions that were as good as or better than those found by CPLEX.
New Improved Algorithms for Compressive Sensing Based on  $\ell_{p}$ Norm

A new algorithm for the reconstruction of sparse signals, which is referred to as the ℓp-regularized least squares ( ℓp-RLS) algorithm, is proposed. The new algorithm is based on the minimization of a smoothed ℓp-norm regularized square error with p <; 1 . It uses a conjugate-gradient (CG) optimization method in a sequential minimization strategy that involves a two-parameter continuation technique. An improved version of the new algorithm is also proposed, which entails a bisection technique that optimizes an inherent regularization parameter. Extensive simulation results show that the new algorithm offers improved signal reconstruction performance and requires reduced computational effort relative to several state-of-the-art competing algorithms. The improved version of the ℓp-RLS algorithm offers better performance than the basic version, although this is achieved at the cost of increased computational effort.
Planting Time and Pesticide Application on the Agronomic Performance of Chickpea in Semi-arid Zone, South Western Uganda

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an under-utilised food legume in Uganda with great potential to contribute to household food, nutrition and income security. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of planting time on the agronomic performance of Desi and Kabuli chickpea genotypes. The study was conducted on-station in Mbarara district during the 2011A, B and 2012A seasons. In the 2011A season, the unusual shorter rainfall and high temperatures favoured high pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) infestation that resulted in low grain yields (347-521 kg ha-1). In the excessively rainy and cool long 2011B season, chickpea planted before and at the onset of rainfall had high Ascochyta blight plant infection. The highly wet and dry conditions significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced the grain yields (400 t ha-1) of chickpea, to below its potential of 1000-3000 kg ha-1. Crops that coincided with well distributed rains alternating with sufficient sunshine (planted in late March 2012A) had higher yields (> 1200 kg ha-1). Yield losses associated with pests and diseases were managed when sowing was done after the peak of the rain season (end of March and October). Therefore, chickpea requires moderately low well distributed rains, with adequate sunny days during the vegetative and reproduction stages for higher grain yields. Integration proper planting time, variety and judicial pesticide application constituted the appropriate strategy for pod borer and Ascochyta blight management for the enhanced chickpea agronomic performance in the South Western Agro Ecological Zone of Uganda.