Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individual Differences in Personality Conducive to Engagement in Aggression and Violence

This paper examined empirically the value of a conceptual model in which emotional stability and agreeableness contribute to engagement in aggression and violence (EAV) indirectly through irritability, hostile rumination and moral disengagement. Three hundred and forty young adults (130 male and 190 female) participated in the study. The average age of participants was 21 at time 1 and 25 at time 2. Findings attested to the role of basic traits (i.e. agreeableness and emotional stability) and specific personality dispositions (i.e. irritability and hostile rumination) in predisposing to EAV and to the pivotal role of moral disengagement in giving access to aggressive and violent conduct. In particular, the mediational model attested to the pivotal role of emotional stability and agreeableness in contributing directly to both hostile rumination and irritability and indirectly to moral disengagement, and to EAV. Agreeableness and hostile rumination contribute to moral disengagement that plays a key role in mediating the relations of all examined variables with EAV. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The first 30 months of the MindSpot Clinic: Evaluation of a national e-mental health service against project objectives

Objective: The MindSpot Clinic provides online mental health services to Australian adults with anxiety and depression. This paper describes users of MindSpot between January 2013 and June 2015. Outcomes are considered against three key objectives: improving access to mental health services, improving public awareness of how to access services and providing evidence-based treatments. Method: Website traffic data were examined to determine patterns of use. Demographic characteristics, past service utilisation and reasons for contacting MindSpot were analysed. Outcomes for patients enrolled in a MindSpot treatment course were also analysed. Primary outcomes were scores on the 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-Item, Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist–Civilian Version, administered at assessment, post-treatment and 3-month follow-up. Results: The website was visited by almost 500,000 Australians, of which 33,990 adults started assessments, and 25,469 people completed assessment and were eligible for analysis. Mean age was 36.4 years (standard deviation = 13.3 years; range = 18–94 years), and 72% were female. The proportion living in rural or remote regions and who identified as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander closely matched national statistics. The majority (82%) reported that they were not currently in contact with mental health services. Most patients sought an assessment, information about treatment options, or referral to another service, and only 24% of those completing an assessment commenced a MindSpot treatment course. Of these, large clinical effects (d: 0.7–2.4; average symptom reductions: 25.5% to 61.6%) were found from assessment to follow-up on all outcome measures. Deterioration ranged from 1.0% to 4.3%. Conclusion: Based on the number of website visits, completed assessments and treatment outcomes, MindSpot achieved its three programme objectives. This model of service provision has considerable value as a complement to existing services, and is proving particularly important for improving access for people not using existing services.
PLACE AND IDENTITY PROCESSES

This paper examines the role of place and identity processes using Breakwell's model as a framework. This model suggests that there are four principles of identity which guide action: continuity, self-esteem, self-efficacy and distinctiveness. These principles are examined here in relation to attachment to a residential environment. It focuses on residents living in an area of the London Docklands, chosen because of the social, environmental and economic change in that area. It was hypothesized that attached respondents would discuss their relationship with the local environment in ways which supported or developed the identity principles whereas nonattached residents would not consider the local environment in this way. Twenty in-depth semi-structured interviews were carried out on a sample of residents from Rotherhithe in the London Docklands. The interviews were transcribed and content analysed. Results showed that there were differences between the attached and nonattached respondents in their discussion of their local environment. In addition, there were differences within the nonattached group such that some residents were not attached and neutral with regards to their residential environment, whereas others were not attached but had a negative evaluation of their residential environment. These results are discussed within the identity process model framework.
A Reduced Complexity Time-Domain Transmitter for UF-OFDM

Upcoming fifth generation (5G) cellular networks will demand more from the physical layer (PHY) than current- generation Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) can deliver. The 5G waveform candidate Universal Filtered OFDM (UF-OFDM) is designed to provide the flexibility required for future applications. However, the introduction of subband filters in UFMC can increase implementation complexity and low-complexity solutions need to be found. State-of-the-art technologies provide an algorithm that performs shorter-length FFTs that can reduce complexity to two to ten times that of OFDM (depending on the allocation sizes), at the cost of only approximating the exact UFMC signal. In this paper we propose a new approximation of the UFMC signal which bases on the similarity of adjacent subcarriers that can be implemented with reduced number of operations. Analysis show that the system can be implemented with only 20% more operations than standard OFDM when accepting some increase in the subband bandwidth. A more accurate solution can be implemented at roughly 3.6 times OFDM complexity. The results can reduce implementation costs for future mobile devices.
Impaired Innate Immunity in Tlr4 −/− Mice but Preserved CD8+ T Cell Responses against Trypanosoma cruzi in Tlr4-, Tlr2-, Tlr9- or Myd88-Deficient Mice

The murine model of T. cruzi infection has provided compelling evidence that development of host resistance against intracellular protozoans critically depends on the activation of members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family via the MyD88 adaptor molecule. However, the possibility that TLR/MyD88 signaling pathways also control the induction of immunoprotective CD8+ T cell-mediated effector functions has not been investigated to date. We addressed this question by measuring the frequencies of IFN-γ secreting CD8+ T cells specific for H-2Kb-restricted immunodominant peptides as well as the in vivo Ag-specific cytotoxic response in infected animals that are deficient either in TLR2, TLR4, TLR9 or MyD88 signaling pathways. Strikingly, we found that T. cruzi-infected Tlr2−/−, Tlr4−/−, Tlr9−/ − or Myd88−/− mice generated both specific cytotoxic responses and IFN-γ secreting CD8+ T cells at levels comparable to WT mice, although the frequency of IFN-γ+CD4+ cells was diminished in infected Myd88−/− mice. We also analyzed the efficiency of TLR4-driven immune responses against T. cruzi using TLR4-deficient mice on the C57BL genetic background (B6 and B10). Our studies demonstrated that TLR4 signaling is required for optimal production of IFN-γ, TNF-α and nitric oxide (NO) in the spleen of infected animals and, as a consequence, Tlr4−/− mice display higher parasitemia levels. Collectively, our results indicate that TLR4, as well as previously shown for TLR2, TLR9 and MyD88, contributes to the innate immune response and, consequently, resistance in the acute phase of infection, although each of these pathways is not individually essential for the generation of class I-restricted responses against T. cruzi.
Singapore Students’ and Teachers’ Perceptions of Computer-Supported Project Work Classroom Learning Environments

Abstract The computer-supported Project Work classroom learning environment discussed in this paper represents a paradigm shift from teacher-centered to student-centered teaching and learning in Singapore schools. Besides the face-to-face weekly lessons in existing Project Work classrooms, the students engaged in computer-supported online forum discussions. Two hundred and sixty students and 26 teachers from seven high schools participated in this study. Their perceptions of this new learning environment were assessed using a modified version of the Web-based Learning Environment Instrument (WEBLEI). In addition, the instrument was also validated. The WEBLEI exhibited satisfactory internal consistency reliability and discriminant validity. Comparing the actual and preferred perceptions of the students and teachers revealed that there were differences between the actual and preferred perceptions for both students and teachers. With these in mind, the implications for using technology to support the face-to-face teaching and learning in Project Work classrooms are discussed in this paper.
Modelling short-term choice behaviour of Danish fishermen in a mixed fishery

Studying short term choice behaviour in commercial fisheries has mainly been an economic discipline. In this study we apply a more multidisciplinary approach to improve the understanding of how the decision of the fishermen are made on where and how to fish. Information from questionnaires with fishermen is applied to identify important factors influencing short term decision making process. We present a random utility model including the findings from the questionnaires to analyse individual Danish gillnet vessel spatial effort allocation based on information from official logbooks. The model is used to predict the reallocation of fishing effort for the Danish North Sea gillnet fleet before, under and after an area closure.
An analysis of consultations with the crowd doctors at Glasgow Celtic football club, season 1999–2000

Objective—To analyse all clinical presentations to the crowd doctors at Scotland's largest football stadium over the course of one complete season. Methods—A standard clinical record form was used to document all consultations with the crowd doctors including treatment and subsequent referrals. The relevance of alcohol consumption was assessed. Results—A total of 127 casualties were seen at 26 matches, a mean of 4.88 per match. Twenty casualties were transferred to hospital, including one successfully defibrillated after a cardiac arrest. Alcohol excess was a major contributing factor in 26 cases. Conclusions—The workload of the crowd doctors was very variable and diverse. The social problem of excessive alcohol consumption contributed considerably to the workload. The provision of medical facilities at football grounds means that attendance there is now one of the least adverse circumstances in which to have a cardiac arrest. The study confirmed previous impressions that more casualties are seen at high profile matches.
Minority Concentration and Earnings Inequality: Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians Compared

This paper investigates the influence of the racial and ethnic composition of labor markets on earnings inequality among black, Hispanic, Asian, and white men to determine whether the influence on earnings of minority labor-market concentration differs by educational level. Consistent with other studies, the results, based on the 1980 5% Public Use Microdata Sample, show that Hispanic and nonwhite workers, compared with their white counterparts, lost earnings from residence and work in labor markets with a large share of monority residents and that this relationship was especially pronounced for black men. Further refinement of these results reveals additional differentation by educational groups: the earnings losses of black, Hispanic, and Asian men associated with residence in areas of high minority concentration are greatest among workers with college education and lowest among those who have not completed high school. That college-educated whites gained most from minority concentration emphasizes how both ascribed (race) and achieved (education) identifiers must coincide to generate white earnings advantages. Considered by themselves, neither racial nor educational divisions explain fully how earnings disparties are accentuated by the ethnic composition of labor markets.
Stress, Conflict, Elder Abuse and Neglect in German Nursing Homes: A Pilot Study Among Professional Caregivers

ABSTRACT A questionnaire survey on elder abuse and neglect in residential settings was conducted among a convenience sample of 80 people working in German nursing homes. Data on nursing staff's experiences of stress and conflict at their workplaces, self-reported incidents of abuse and neglect of nursing home residents, incidents observed as witnesses and subjective theories about causes and motives underlying violence in nursing homes are reported. Whereas 59% report physical or verbal aggression by residents during the previous 2 months, 79% indicate having abused or neglected a resident at least once during that period; 66% witnessed victimizations of residents by colleagues. Different types of neglect and verbal/psychological abuse are most common. Subtypes of elder abuse and neglect show differential correlation patterns with measures of work stress. Subjects attribute abuse and neglect not only to staff shortage and work overload but also to a number of factors in the offender's personality on the one hand and at the political and social level on the other. From a motivational point of view, abuse and neglect are regarded as instrumental acts to reduce workload and as effects of pent-up aggression and inner tensions.
The Toomre Sequence Revisited with HST NICMOS: Nuclear Brightness Profiles and Colors of Interacting and Merging Galaxies

We discuss the near-infrared (NIR) properties of the nuclei in the 11 merging galaxies of the Toomre sequence, based on high spatial resolution J, H, and K imaging data using NICMOS on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The observations are less affected by dust extinction than our previous HST WFPC2 observations and offer higher spatial resolution than existing ground-based NIR data. Nuclear positions are generally found to be consistent with those reported from data in other wave bands. In NGC 7764A we detect for the first time two nuclei with a separation of about 260 pc, consistent with its placement in the middle of the merging sequence. We see a marginal trend for the nuclei to become bluer with advancing merger stage, which we attribute to a dispersal of dust at late times in the merging process. Our data also indicate a statistically significant trend for the nuclei in the sequence to become more luminous, within an aperture of fixed physical size and after correcting for dust extinction, with advancing merger stage. We derive K-band surface brightness profiles for those nuclei for which the morphology allows a meaningful isophotal analysis, and fit the profiles with a "Nuker" law for comparison with other samples of galaxies observed with HST. The majority of the nuclei have steep profiles that can be characterized as power-law type. In general, the Toomre-sequence galaxies tend to have steeper profiles and higher central luminosity surface densities than E/S0 galaxies. Our findings can be explained if the Toomre-sequence galaxies have newly formed stars that are concentrated toward their centers. We derive V - K color profiles for the nuclei to further address this possibility, but find that the large amounts of dust extinction complicate their interpretation. Overall, our results are consistent with the generic predictions of N-body simulations of spiral galaxy mergers. If left to evolve and fade for several gigayears, it is possible that the properties of the Toomre-sequence nuclei would resemble the properties of the nuclei of normal E/S0 galaxies. Our results therefore support the view that mergers of spiral galaxies can lead to the formation of early-type galaxies.
Emerging and Emerged Pathogenic Candida Species: Beyond the Candida albicans Paradigm

Many ascomycete yeast species from the Candida genus are widely distributed in nature and act as common saprophytic constituents of the normal human microflora. However, some of these fungal species can also become opportunistic pathogens following a transition from a commensal to a pathogenic phase, induced by alterations in the host environment. Candida species thereby rarely trigger infection in healthy people, but take advantage of a locally or systematically impaired immune system to proliferate in the host and cause diseases termed ‘‘candidiasis. ’’ Such fungal infections can be subdivided into three major groups: cutaneous (skin and its appendages), mucosal (oropharyngeal, esophageal, and vulvovaginal) and systemic (bloodstream infections, i.e., candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis [IC]). While superficial candidiasis (cutaneous and mucosal) is often observed in AIDS patients, oropharyngeal thrush and vaginitis are more frequently seen in immunocompetent infants and adult women, respectively. Candidemia and IC are common in cancer patients or in transplant individuals following immunosuppression. Candidiasis currently represents the fourth leading cause of nosocomial infections, at 8% to 10%, and mortality due to systemic candidiasis remains high, ranging from 15% to 35% depending on the infecting Candida species [1]. Although Candida albicans remains the most frequently isolated agent of candidiasis, non-albicans Candida (NAC) species now account for a substantial part of clinical isolates collected worldwide in hospitals. NAC species of particular clinical importance include Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida krusei (synonym: Issatchenkia orientalis), as well as the less-prominent species Candida guilliermondii, Candida lusitaniae, Candida kefyr, Candida famata (synonym: Debaryomyces hansenii), Candida inconspicua, Candida rugosa, Candida dubliniensis, and Candida norvegensis (Table 1). A complementary set of about 20 opportunistic NAC species is also known, but exhibits lower isolation rates [2].
Are Executive Function Tests Dependent on Working Memory Capacity?

The relationship between working memory (WM) capacity and three executive function tests, which were adopted from clinical neuropsychology, was studied. The subjects were normal 15–16-year-old students. A large set of WM measures included digit and word span, a modified memory-updating task, and five different complex WM span tasks. The complex span measures and the memory-updating task showed high intercorrelations. Of the three executive function tests, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) correlated significantly with WM tasks, the storage function of WM probably being a limiting factor in card sorting. The global performance measures of the WCST were more dependent on WM capacity than the number of perseverations. The two other executive function tests-the Tower of Hanoi and Goal Search Task-did not correlate with WM tasks. None of the executive function tests exhibited any significant intercorrelations. The results are in agreement with earlier studies, which have found separate executive functions. The present results and evidence from earlier studies suggest that there does not exist a unitary, limited-capacity central executive.
Individual differences and social norms: the distinction between reciprocators and prosocials

Reciprocity is in this contribution compared with cooperation, hostility, and prosociality, in order to distinguish its peculiar theoretical and empirical characteristics. Two studies are presented. Study 1 (n = 166) is based on the distinction between the mechanism of reciprocity and the consequent behaviour that this mechanism produces. It is shown that participants have a clear implicit theory of the personality traits underlying reciprocal behaviour, and these traits are well differentiated with respect to traits underlying cooperation and hostility. Study 2 (n = 134) is based on the distinction between reciprocity as a goal and reciprocity as a strategy to achieve equality. Results show that individuals with high internalization of the norm of reciprocity allocate payoffs as a function of the valence of other's past behaviour, whereas this feature is irrelevant for individuals with high prosocial orientation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CFD-based aeroservoelastic predictions with comparisons to benchmark experimental data

This study demonstrates the use of an Euler-based, unsteady CFD flow solver to model the aeroservoelastic behavior of the Benchmark Active Controls Technology (BACT) wing. For the steady case, results illustrate that a control surface deflection as large as 5° may be modeled without loss of accuracy due to viscous effects. Secondly, the unsteady characteristics of a benchmark wing are addressed showing that flutter prediction agrees well with experimental data over a wide Mach number range. Finally, as a combination of the latter, the development and implementation of a control law into the CFD-based aeroservoelastic model for the purpose of flutter suppression is addressed.
Family stress: Integrating theory and measurement.

Family stress theory and family stress measurement were critically reviewed. After Hill's (1949) original formulation, 4 factors in family stress were examined: the stressor, family resources, family perceptions, and stress outcomes. The research findings clearly indicated that change per se can no longer be viewed as the essence of family stress and that the focus should be on negative changes and, in particular, loss. Family resources, such as cohesiveness, flexibility, social support, and shared family values, were evaluated as key stress-resistance attributes.
Coping with Stress: Social Work Students and Humour

In social work, humour is being increasingly accepted as a strategy for coping with stress. The literature does not indicate whether humour is acquired on the job or is a characteristic of people entering the social work profession. This study examined sense of humour in 32 undergraduate social work students and its relationship with self‐ratings of stress and stress‐related physical symptoms. In contrast with other research findings, the measure ‘liking humour’ correlated positively with stress and symptoms, indicating that liking humour was associated with poorer well‐being. On the other hand, the tendency to use humour socially correlated with low levels of stress. Using humour socially may help people obtain social support, which is responsible for reducing the effects of stress. That is, the support engendered by humour may be more important in reducing stress than humour itself. Seeing supervisors use humour gives students permission to laugh and focus away from the serious side for a while. While accepting the complexity of humour and caution necessary in some circumstances, we recommend that the topic of humour is formally included in the social work curriculum. Teaching about humour may bring humour itself into the classroom, which in turn enhances other aspects of learning.