Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Think Globally, Embed Locally - Locally Linear Meta-embedding of Words

Distributed word embeddings have shown superior performances in numerous Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, their performances vary significantly across different tasks, implying that the word embeddings learnt by those methods capture complementary aspects of lexical semantics. Therefore, we believe that it is important to combine the existing word embeddings to produce more accurate and complete meta-embeddings of words. For this purpose, we propose an unsupervised locally linear meta-embedding learning method that takes pre-trained word embeddings as the input, and produces more accurate meta embeddings. Unlike previously proposed meta-embedding learning methods that learn a global projection over all words in a vocabulary, our proposed method is sensitive to the differences in local neighbourhoods of the individual source word embeddings. Moreover, we show that vector concatenation, a previously proposed highly competitive baseline approach for integrating word embeddings, can be derived as a special case of the proposed method. Experimental results on semantic similarity, word analogy, relation classification, and short-text classification tasks show that our meta-embeddings to significantly outperform prior methods in several benchmark datasets, establishing a new state of the art for meta-embeddings.
Estimating the potential of U.S. urban infrastructure albedo enhancement as climate mitigation in the face of climate variability

This work was supported by the Concrete Sustainability Hub at MIT, with sponsorship provided by the Portland Cement Association and the RMC Research & Education Foundation, and by the US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, under grant DE-FG02-94ER61937. The MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change is funded by a number of federal agencies and a consortium of 40 industrial and foundation sponsors. For a complete list of sponsors, see http://globalchange.mit. edu.
Relationship of severity of gastroesophageal reflux disease with gastric acid secretory profile and esophageal acid exposure during nocturnal acid breakthrough: A study using 24-h dual-channel pH-metry

Objective. In patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), refluxed gastric juice can damage the esophagus, and hence the more acidic the juice, the more the expected damage. Nocturnal acid breakthrough (NAB) is known to occur in GERD patients on treatment with proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs); however, whether this causes esophageal acidification and symptoms is controversial. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between gastric acid and the severity of GERD and the esophageal acidification and symptoms during NAB. Material and methods. Patients with GERD were evaluated using endoscopy (graded according to the Los Angeles (LA) classification), manometry and 24-h dual-channel pH-metry for esophageal and gastric acid profile and follow-up pH-metry while on PPIs for NAB. Results. In 61 patients (39.2±12.8 years, 40 M) the endoscopic grading was endoscopy negative (ENRD) in 19 (32%), endoscopic (ERD) in 40 (68%), (LA-A in 25, 42.4%, LA-B in12, 20.3%, peptic stricture in 2, 3.4%, and Barrett's esophagus in 1, 1.7%) and 2 patients were unclassified. Patients in the different groups had comparable gastric acid profiles, though esophageal acid exposure was different (LA-B and above versus ENRD, p=0.007; LA-B and above versus LA-A, p=0.003). Patients with NAB (7/18, 39%) had lower gastric pH than patients without NAB (p=0.003) though average esophageal pH and esophageal acid exposure were comparable. Frequency of nocturnal symptoms was comparable in patients with or without NAB (2/7 versus 3/11, p=NS). Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure was negatively correlated with average gastric pH. Conclusions. Although severity of GERD is related to esophageal acid exposure, it does not correlate to gastric acid. No difference was found in esophageal acid exposure and nocturnal symptoms in patients with or without NAB.
Low parathyroid hormone and pentosidine in hemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) has been linked to the severity of osteoarticular and cardiovascular damage in patients with end-stage renal disease. METHODS We studied the relationship between plasma pentosidine and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and bone turnover in a group of hemodialysis patients (n = 85) with minimal aluminum exposure. RESULTS Plasma pentosidine levels were greater than the upper limit of normal range (cutoff value, 2.46 pmol/mg protein) in all dialysis patients. When patients were divided into three tertiles according to plasma pentosidine levels, serum PTH levels were approximately six times lower in patients in the third pentosidine tertile than in those in the first tertile (P = 0.008), and a similar association (P = 0.009) was found between pentosidine and bone alkaline phosphatase levels. Multivariate analysis confirmed that these relationships were independent of established risk factors for low bone turnover. Forty patients (47%) had serum PTH levels less than 125 pg/mL (13.2 pmol/L). Of note, in a multiple logistic regression model, the relative risk for low PTH level was 4.02 (95% confidence interval, 1.30 to 12.40; P = 0.02) times greater in patients in the third pentosidine tertile than in the first tertile. CONCLUSION Pentosidine, a reliable indicator of AGEs, is related inversely to circulating PTH and bone alkaline phosphatase levels. These associations are in agreement with recent experimental data indicating that AGE accumulation may be a factor involved in low bone turnover in dialysis patients.
PMTCT Service Uptake Among Adolescents and Adult Women Attending Antenatal Care in Selected Health Facilities in Zimbabwe

Background: Age-disaggregated analyses of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) program data to assess the uptake of HIV services by pregnant adolescent women are limited but are critical to understanding the unique needs of this vulnerable high-risk population. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patient-level PMTCT data collected from 2011 to 2013 in 36 health facilities in 5 districts of Zimbabwe using an electronic database. We compared uptake proportions for PMTCT services between adolescent (⩽19 years) and adult (>19 years) women. Multivariable binomial regression analysis was used to estimate the association of the women's age group with each PMTCT service indicator. Results: The study analyzed data from 22,215 women aged 12–50 years (22.5% adolescents). Adolescents were more likely to present to antenatal care (ANC) before 14 weeks of gestational age compared with older women [adjusted relative risk (aRR) = 1.34; 95% confidence interval: 1.22 to 1.47] with equally low rates of completion of 4 ANC visits. Adolescents were less likely to present with known HIV status (aRR = 0.34; 95% confidence interval: 0.29 to 0.41) but equally likely to be HIV tested in ANC. HIV prevalence was 5.5% in adolescents vs 20.1% in adults. While >84% of both HIV-positive groups received antiretroviral drugs for PMTCT, 44% of eligible adolescents were initiated on antiretroviral therapy vs 51.3% of eligible adults, though not statistically significant. Conclusions: Pregnant adolescents must be a priority for primary HIV prevention services and expanded HIV treatment services among pregnant women to achieve an AIDS-free generation in Zimbabwe and similar high HIV burden countries.
How Managers and Workers See Their World: Perceptions of the Relationship Between Organizational Capabilities and Absorptive Capacity in U.S. State Information Systems Departments

Despite the recognition that information is a strategic asset to any state government, there is a relative dearth of research on the information systems (IS) function in state government. This stands in contrast to the number of articles devoted to e-government initiatives. IS departments however are central to state agencies’ efforts to develop optimal responses to demands from their internal and external constituents. The authors examine the connections between perceptions of critical agency capabilities (socialization, coordination, and systems) and the absorptive capacity of state IS departments from the perspective of IS workers and IS managers. Findings indicate that two critical capabilities (socialization and coordination) explained 62.5% of the variation in absorptive capacity for IS workers and 47% of the variation for IS managers. In addition, the influence of the relevant knowledge of IS workers and managers is found to have differing influences on agency capabilities.
Magnitude and Variability of Oral Pressure in Tracheoesophageal Speech

The purpose of this study was to compare mean oral pressure (Po) and Po variability: (1) between tracheoesophageal (TE) and laryngeal speakers, and (2) between TE speakers’ voiced and voiceless phonemes. Sixteen TE and 10 laryngeal speakers produced stops and fricatives in a phrase while Po was recorded. The TE group produced greater mean Po and Po variability than the control group. TE speakers did maintain a Po difference between cognate members with greater pressure on voiceless consonants. A number of possible explanations for the findings are reviewed, although clearer delineation of the issue will require further study.
Corrosion behaviour of selected power plant materials under oxyfuel combustion conditions

To ensure effective power generation more plant operations have to be more economical with increased availability, improved efficiency and the lowest possible operating costs. The technologies to be implemented must meet energy policy frameworks, have available resource and capital. For the implementation of efficient and climate-friendly power plant technologies two research and development directions are pursued. These include; increasing efficiency in conventional power plant technologies by raising process parameters and the use of innovative materials for the development of low CO2 ⎯ emitting power plant technologies [1]. Within the framework of ongoing research projects at the BTU Cottbus, the Chair of Power Plant Technology concentrates on process-related investigations, development and evaluation of oxyfuel processes as well as further low CO2 ⎯ emitting power plant technologies. The implementation of oxyfuel processes is achieved by upgrading the plant, including the modification of systems engineering as well as alteration of the associated combustion characteristics. In comparison to conventional combustion conditions, the modified flue gas composition in oxyfuel combustion as a result of the recirculation of the flue gas and the associated high concentrations of the gas species are particularly instrumental for the corrosion process. The prevention and minimisation of possibly damaging processes present a significant challenge for plant operators. To meet this challenge the corrosion mechanisms occurring as a result of the modified process conditions must be analysed and explained.
Experimental Investigation of Phase Distributions of Two-phase Air-silicone Oil Flow in a Vertical Pipe

This paper reports the results of an experimental study conducted to characterise the gas-liquid multiphase flows experienced within a vertical riser transporting a range of gas-liquid flow rates. The scale experiments were performed using an air/silicone oil mixture within a 6 m long riser. The superficial air velocities studied ranged from 0.047 to 2.836 m/ s, whilst maintaining a liquid superficial velocity at 0.047 m/ s. Measurements of the mean cross-sectional and time average radial void fraction were obtained using a wire mesh sensor (WMS). The data were recorded at an acquisition frequency of 1000 Hz over an interval of 60 seconds. For the range of flow conditions studied, the average void fraction was observed to vary between 0.1 and 0.9. An analysis of the data collected concluded that the observed void fraction was strongly affected by the superficial gas velocity, whereby the higher the superficial gas velocity, the higher was the observed average void fraction. The average void fraction distributions observed were in good agreement with the results obtained by other researchers. When the air-silicone oil flows were fully developed reasonably symmetric profiles were observed, with the shape of the symmetry profile being strongly dependent on the superficial gas velocity. Keywords—WMS, phase distribution, silicone-oil, riser
On the Structure of the Spreading Models of a Banach Space

Abstract We study some questions concerning the structure of the set of spreading models of a separable infinite-dimensional Banach space $X$ . In particular we give an example of a reflexive $X$ so that all spreading models of $X$ contain ${{\ell }_{1}}$ but none of them is isomorphic to ${{\ell }_{1}}$ . We also prove that for any countable set $C$ of spreading models generated by weakly null sequences there is a spreading model generated by a weakly null sequence which dominates each element of $C$ . In certain cases this ensures that $X$ admits, for each $\alpha \,<\,{{\omega }_{1}}$ , a spreading model ${{\left( \tilde{x}_{i}^{\left( \alpha \right)} \right)}_{i}}$ such that if $\alpha \,<\,\beta $ then ${{\left( \tilde{x}_{i}^{\left( \alpha \right)} \right)}_{i}}$ is dominated by (and not equivalent to) ${{\left( \tilde{x}_{i}^{\left( \beta \right)} \right)}_{i}}$ . Some applications of these ideas are used to give sufficient conditions on a Banach space for the existence of a subspace and an operator defined on the subspace, which is not a compact perturbation of a multiple of the inclusion map.
Parallel Structured Duplicate Detection

We describe a novel approach to parallelizing graph search using structured duplicate detection. Structured duplicate detection was originally developed as an approach to external-memory graph search that reduces the number of expensive disk I/O operations needed to check stored nodes for duplicates, by using an abstraction of the search graph to localize memory references. In this paper, we show that this approach can also be used to reduce the number of slow synchronization operations needed in parallel graph search. In addition, we describe several techniques for integrating parallel and external-memory graph search in an efficient way. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these techniques in a graph-search algorithm for domain-independent STRIPS planning.
Does use of the optokinetic chart stimulation based OKCSIB protocol improve recovery of upper and lower limb movements, function and quality of life at 3 year follow up in dense strokes? A retrospective case control series.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The aim was to compare follow up impairment, function and quality of life outcomes between dense parietal centred strokes treated by the optokinetic chart based OKCSIB protocol and those treated by conventional neuro-physiotherapy. DESIGN AND SETTING Follow up retrospective case control series in the community. METHOD AND MATERIALS 643 persons with stroke were eligible for initial screening to see if they met inclusion criteria. Only 37 potential participants were eligible, with 18 of them still alive. From the 18 only 8 consented to participate in the follow up study. RESULTS Sixteen mortalities that occurred post discharge were all from the conventional group. The OKCSIB group had statistically significant improved upper limb STREAM scores (p < 0.05). The OKCSIB group had statistically significant reduction in hand spasticity with none of the OKCSIB participants developing hand spasticity (p < 0.05). The OKCSIB group also had better lower limb STREAM scores although these were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Barthel Index, and quality of Life improvements were non-significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The OKCSIB protocol led to better recovery of voluntary movements at 3 year follow up. However lack of randomisation and the small number of participants, necessitate further research to be carried out.
Experimental determination of the BOLD field strength dependence in vessels and tissue

High resolution functional MRI (fMRI) experiments were performed in human visual cortex at 0.5, 1.5, and 4 T to determine the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) field strength response within regions of obvious venous vessels and cortical gray matter (“tissue”). T2*‐weighted FLASH images were collected in single‐ and multi‐echo mode and used to determine the intrinsic BOLD parameters, namely, signal‐to‐noise ratio (Ψ), the apparent transverse relaxation rate (R2*) and the change in R2* (ΔR2*) between the activated and baseline states. The authors find the average percentage signal change (ΔS/S, measured at TE = T2*) to be large in vessels (13.3 ± 2.3%, 18.4 ± 4.0%, and 15.1 ± 1.2%) compared with that in tissue (1.4 ± 0.7%, 1.9 ± 0.7%, and 3.3 ± 0.2%) at 0.5, 1.5, and 4 T, respectively. The signal‐to‐noise ratio in optimized, fully relaxed proton density weighted gradient echo images was found to increase linearly with respect to the static magnetic field strength (B0). The predicted upper bound on BOLD contrast‐to‐noise ratio (ΔS/R)max as a function of field strength was calculated and found to behave less than linearly in voxels containing vessels larger than the voxel itself and greater than linearly in voxels containing a mixture of capillaries and veins/venules with a diameter less than that of the voxel.
Buckling and Postbuckling Characteristics of the Superelastic SMA Columns – Numerical Simulation

Numerical simulation has been carried out to analyze several unique buckling and postbuckling behaviors of superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) columns observed from experimental evidences. Comparison of the experimental critical load with analytical predictions verifies the fact that physical nonlinearity should be taken into account to comprehensively analyze the buckling behaviors of SMA columns. Thus, based on the nonlinear stress–strain relations as well as the large deformation theory, the load–deformation curves of the columns during a complete loading–unloading cycle have been predicted by using the FEM code ANSYS. Simulation has also been performed for the stainless steel (SUS304) columns. The total strain distributions in the column materials have been calculated at different states of loading. Precise and quantitative analyses of the results verify that the unique behaviors of the SMA columns could be attributed to the special nature of the stress–strain curves. It is found that the slender SMA column buckles in the austenite phase. Due to SMA's high strength for large strains, the slender columns can sustain the load with a very small change in magnitude for the postbuckling compression. A special method has been devised to simulate the unique unloading path of the slender superelastic SMA columns and its usefulness has been demonstrated. It has been found that defining a few intermediate unloading curves between the actual loading and unloading curves can help to minimize the stress discontinuity at the beginning of unloading. Simulation results also verify that because of the elastic shape recovery of the buckled slender SMA columns, the load increases when they are unloaded.
New Insights into the Evolution of Entomopoxvirinae from the Complete Genome Sequences of Four Entomopoxviruses Infecting

Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7261, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université François-Rabelais, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Tours, France; Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan; Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Sainte Marie, Ontario, Canada; Department of Applied Biological Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
Age, Gender, and Self-Esteem Differences in Adolescent Coping Styles

ADOLESCENT COPING involves the cognitive and behavioral means used to deal with stress, both emotionally and instrumentally, during early and later adolescence (Compas, 1987; Lazarus & Folkman, 1984). According to Spivak and Shure (1983, the problem-solving skills of adolescents change and improve with age and as a function of cognitive development and social experience. Developmental differences in coping notwithstanding, some researchers have argued that adolescents’ gender and self-esteem may also affect their coping styles. Stark, Spirito, Williams, and Guevremont (1989) found that male adolescents used more wishful thinking in their coping strategies than did female adolescents, who tended to rely more on social supports as a coping strategy. Moos ( 1990) reported that adolescents with low self-esteem relied on emotion-based strategies (e.g., ventilation of feelings) in coping, whereas adolescents with high self-esteem relied on strategies directed at solving problems. Assessing coping among adolescents with a standardized instrument and examining the relations
A new memoryless and low-latency FFT rotator architecture

This paper presents new rotator architecture for FFT computation. The proposed architecture consists of cascaded multiplier-less cells, and each cell stage performs partial twiddle factor multiplications with low-complexity adders and multiplexers. Besides, for further area reduction, each cell is optimized with the technique of common subexpression sharing. Since those twiddle factors involved in computation are realized with multipliers generated on-the-fly by a scheme of coefficient selection, the proposed architecture doesn't require memory space to store any twiddle factors. Variable FFT lengths ranging from 64 ~ 32768 points can be supported by flexibly adding or removing some cell stages, depends on FFT length. Compared to CORDIC-based architectures, the proposed architecture has lower latency. The implementation results show that the proposed architecture is area-efficient and is suitable for either pipelined or memory based FFT architectures.
Relationship between Magnetic Properties and External Stresses during In Situ Tensile Testing

A magnetic probe containing a Hall sensor and pickup coil was developed, and its accuracy was confirmed by comparison with standard ring sample results under zero stress. The magnetic minor hysteresis loops of a lowcarbon steel plate sample were measured by using this probe under uniaxial tensile stresses. It was found that both the coercivity Hc and hysteresis loss WF can be measured accurately by means of a magnetic probe. In the perfectly elastic region, from 0 to 90 MPa, Hc and WF decrease with increasing external stresses due to domain re-orientation, and they start to increase a little in the micro-plastic range. In the plastic stage, Hc and WF increase almost linearly with external stresses as a result of dislocation pinning effects. This clear relationship between magnetic properties and external stresses is also valid for NDE applications.