Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of the El Niño–southern Oscillation Event On the Distribution of Reef-associated Labrid Fishes In the Eastern Pacific Ocean

We surveyed the labrid fishes of the eastern Pacific ocean at multiple sites before, during, and after the 1997‐98 ENSO event. Our observations showed that reef fish communities in general did not appear to change markedly as a result of the ENSO. Recruitment of labrids at the Galapagos Islands, Clipperton Atoll and Baja California was generally high near the end of the ENSO, indicating no negative effect on populations. Two labrid species did extend their known range during the ENSO: Stethojulis bandanensis settled onto the tip of Baja California and to the Galapagos Islands, while Thalassoma virens recruited heavily to sites along the southern Sea of Cortez in Baja California. We discuss the oceanographic conditions during the ENSO that may have promoted the range extensions. Adults of these species were present in Baja California and Galapagos 2 yrs after the end of the ENSO. Our observations raise the question why these species do not colonize these sites in normal years, given the potential for long larval durations (up to a maximum of 104 d in T. virens) and rapid long-distance transport between islands in the region (recruits of S. bandanensis spent only about 32 d in the plankton). The recent El Nino‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event of 1997‐98 is considered to be one of the most intense of the past few centuries and has had a profound effect on the marine environment of the eastern Pacific Ocean (Glynn et al., this issue). The most significant and lasting result has been widespread mortality of reef-building corals throughout the region. The effect on reef-associated fishes is less dramatic and less well-documented, yet may be important to explaining the biogeography of fishes in the eastern Pacific Ocean. The epicenter of the temperature anomalies during the ENSO is near the Galapagos Islands, where the normal cool annual upwelling cycle disappears, the thermocline deepens, and a vast region of exceptionally warm surface water develops and persists for many months (reviewed in Enfield, this issue). In addition, the eastward flowing North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) speeds up considerably, and warm tropical water builds up in the eastern Pacific and flows towards more temperate regions (Wyrtki,
Kernel Sparse Subspace Clustering on Symmetric Positive Definite Manifolds

Sparse subspace clustering (SSC), as one of the most successful subspace clustering methods, has achieved notable clustering accuracy in computer vision tasks. However, SSC applies only 10 vector data in Euclidean space. Unfortunately there is still no satisfactory approach to solve subspace clustering by self-expressive principle f or symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrices which is very useful, in computer vision. In this paper, by embedding the SPD matrices into a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS), a kernel subspace clustering method is constructed un the SPD manifold through an appropriate Log-Euclidean kernel, termed as kernel sparse subspace clustering on the SPD Riemannian manifold(KSSCR). By exploiting the intrinsic Riemannian geometry within data, KSSCR can effectively characterize the geodesic distance between SPD matrices to uncover the underlying subspace structure. Experimental results Oft several famous datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieves better clustering results than the state-of-the-art approaches.
The role of 111indium-capromab pendetide imaging for assessing biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy.

PURPOSE Conventional imaging modalities, such as computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, lack sensitivity and specificity for detecting recurrent prostate cancer after radical surgery. We evaluated the role of the indium-capromab pendetide scan, otherwise known as the ProstaScint (Cytogen Corp., Princeton, New Jersey) scan, in this setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review was performed of 42 patients undergoing ProstaScint imaging for biochemical progression after radical prostatectomy. Of these patients 16 (38.1%) subsequently completed a course of salvage radiation therapy. RESULTS Median prostate specific antigen (PSA) immediately prior to ProstaScint imaging was 1.2 ng/ml (range 0.2 to 4.8). Abnormal accumulation on the ProstaScint scan was detected in 36 patients (85.7%). Of the 16 patients undergoing salvage radiation therapy 15 had uptake isolated to the prostatic fossa on ProstaScint imaging. Ten of these 15 patients (66.7%) achieved undetectable PSA after radiation therapy, while 5 (33.3%) had little or no response. Using American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology criteria 3 of 10 responders had relapse after an average of 9 months. The remaining 7 patients remained biochemically free of disease at last followup. CONCLUSIONS ProstaScint imaging is capable of detecting recurrent prostate cancer at low PSA levels. However, only 7 of 15 men (46.7%) with ProstaScint uptake isolated to the prostatic fossa showed a durable response to salvage radiation therapy. Based on these findings patients might be better treated based on the rate of increase in PSA rather than on routine scanning with this test.
The Interaction Between Group Processes and Personal Professional Trajectories in a Professional Development Community for Teacher Educators

This study explores the interaction between transformative processes in which a group of teacher educators became a professional development community (PDC) and the individual progress of these instructors through the professional development course on the topic of thinking education. Twelve teacher educators who participated in one of three yearlong programs were each interviewed three times. Other data sources include reflective writing of the participants, field notes, and recordings of the PDC meetings. Findings show that both breaking of isolation in the group and talk about student learning were essential in promoting individual progression toward change that entailed developing awareness of the possibility of infusing thinking into college-level teaching and the development of dispositions to do so in their courses. Factors that enhanced and hindered dispositional change are explicated in the findings and discussion.
Factors that influence pre-service teachers’ ICT usage in education

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the role of internal factors (e.g. attitudes towards computers and internet, self-confidence, and knowledge) and external factors (perceived support) on the level of information and communication technology (ICT) usage. The participants were 1898 pre-service teachers in Turkey. The results revealed that Turkey, like many other developing countries in the world, is in the early phase of ICT integration in education. Most pre-service teachers reported that they use only basic ICT applications for educational purposes. Internal and external factors were found to be related to each other and to ICT usage level. In general, male pre-service teachers’ knowledge and usage levels of ICT were higher than that of female teachers.
Neural Correlates of Generic versus Gender-specific Face Adaptation

The perception of facial gender has been found to be adaptively recalibrated: adaptation to male faces causes participants to perceive subsequent faces as more feminine and vice versa [Webster, M. A. , Kaping, D. , Mizokami, Y. , & Duhamel, P. Adaptation to natural facial categories. Nature, 428, 557–561, 2004]. In an event-related brain potential (ERP) study, Kovács et al. [Kovács, G. , Zimmer, M. , Banko, E. , Harza, I. , Antal, A. , & Vidnyanszky, Z. Electrophysiological correlates of visual adaptation to faces and body parts in humans. Cerebral Cortex, 16, 742–753, 2006] reported reduced N170 amplitudes and increased latencies for test faces following female gender adaptation compared to control stimulus (a phase randomized face) adaptation. We examined whether this N170 attenuation to test faces was related to the adaptor's gender, or to adaptation to face exposure in general. We compared N170 effects after adaptation to either male or androgynous faces. Additionally, we investigated cross-modal adaptation for the same test faces following male or androgynous voice adaptors. Visual adaptation to face gender replicated previously reported aftereffects in classifying androgynous faces, and a similar trend was observed following adaptation to voice gender. Strikingly, N170 amplitudes were dramatically reduced for faces following face adaptors (relative to those following voice adaptors), whereas only minimal gender-specific adaptation effects were seen in the N170. By contrast, strong gender-specific adaptation effects appeared in a centroparietal P3-like component (∼400–600 msec), which in the context of adaptation may reflect a neural correlate of the detection of perceptual novelty.
Focus steering in open-ended waveguide sheet for efficient and safe two-dimensional waveguide power transfer

This paper addresses a steerable focus generation scheme for two-dimensional waveguide power transfer (2DWPT). In 2DWPT systems, a receiver coupler put on a waveguide sheet is powered wirelessly by capturing a microwave propagating across the sheet as its non-radiative guided mode. Generating a microwave focus in the waveguide sheet underneath the receiver is desirable for efficient and safe power transfer. In this paper, multiport feeding system for focusing in open-edged waveguide sheet is presented. Measurement results demonstrate that the available power at the focal point is more than 10 times as high as the median value of the available power measured in a 200-mm square region of a 600-mm square sheet.
Resistance to the Antimicrobial Peptide Polymyxin Requires Myristoylation of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium Lipid A*

Attachment of positively charged, amine-containing residues such as 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose (l-Ara4N) and phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) to Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium lipid A is required for resistance to the cationic antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin. In an attempt to discover additional lipid A modifications important for polymyxin resistance, we generated polymyxin-sensitive mutants of an E. coli pmrAC strain, WD101. A subset of polymyxin-sensitive mutants produced a lipid A that lacked both the 3′-acyloxyacyl-linked myristate (C14) and l-Ara4N, even though the necessary enzymatic machinery required to synthesize l-Ara4N-modified lipid A was present. Inactivation of lpxM in both E. coli and S. typhimurium resulted in the loss of l-Ara4N addition, as well as, increased sensitivity to polymyxin. However, decoration of the lipid A phosphate groups with pEtN residues was not effected in lpxM mutants. In summary, we demonstrate that attachment of l-Ara4N to the phosphate groups of lipid A and the subsequent resistance to polymyxin is dependent upon the presence of the secondary linked myristoyl group.
Simulation analysis of limit cycles of a perturbed integrable non-Hamiltonian system

Bifurcation of limit cycles of a perturbed integrable non-Hamiltonian system is investigated by using both qualitative analysis and numerical exploration. The investigation is based on detection functions which are particularly effective for the perturbed integrable non-Hamiltonian system. The study reveals that the system has 4 limit cycles. By using method of numerical simulation, the distributed orderliness of the 4 limit cycles is observed, and their nicety places are determined. The study also indicates that each of the 4 limit cycles passes the corresponding nicety point.
Precise Voronoi Cell Extraction of Free-Form Planar Piecewise C1-Continuous Closed Rational Curves

We present an algorithm for generating Voronoi cells for a set of planar piecewise C1-continuous closed rational curves, which is precise up to machine precision. The algorithm starts with the symbolically generated bisectors for pairs of C1-continuous curve segments (C(t),Ci(r)). The bisectors are represented implicitly in the tr-parameter space. Then, they are properly trimmed after being split into monotone pieces. The trimming procedure uses the orientation of the original curves as well as their curvature fields, resulting in a set of trimmed-bisector segments represented as implicit curves in a parameter space. A lower-envelope algorithm is then used in the parameter space of the curve whose Voronoi cell is sought. The lower envelope represents the exact boundary of the Voronoi cell. The algorithm also supports piecewise C1-continuous curves and generates the Voronoi cell of such input curves using additional point/curve bisector segments.
Improving the School Learning Environment to Reduce Bullying: An Experimental Study

A framework based on research on bullying and on educational effectiveness was offered to schools to assist them in developing strategies and actions to improve their learning environment, their policy for teaching, and their evaluation mechanisms in order to reduce bullying. At the beginning and end of the intervention, the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire and a teacher questionnaire measuring three school factors (school policy for teaching, school learning environment, and school evaluation) were administered to the experimental and control groups. This experimental study reveals that the intervention had both a direct impact on the reduction of bullying and an indirect impact through improving the school factors. Implications for research into supporting schools to reduce bullying are given.
A Typology of Organizational Membership: Understanding Different Membership Relationships Through the Lens of Social Exchange

Using a social exchange perspective and responding to prior calls to separate resources exchanged from the relationship between parties, we develop a relationship typology based on rights and responsibilities arguments. We begin with the idea that various levels and types of rights and responsibilities are the exchange currency utilized by the employer and employee, respectively. Further, the degree to which an organization grants rights to an individual and the degree to which the individual voluntarily accepts responsibilities results in four distinct organizational membership profiles (i.e., peripheral, associate, detached, and full). We believe this membership typology is an important theoretical mechanism that may be used to link the exchange between the employee and employer (as represented by psychological contracts) to psychological attachment (as represented by perceived membership) between these two parties. Specifically, members in each profile will tend to have certain kinds of psychological attachments to the organization, causing them to (i) perceive membership in certain ways and (ii) behave in a manner consistent with that perception. The article concludes by discussing the implications of the propositions for both researchers and practitioners, as well as making suggestions for future research efforts.
Child Care and Employed Parents of Children With Emotional or Behavioral Disorders

Lack of appropriate child care is frequently reported by parents of children with disabilities as a major obstacle to finding and maintaining their employment. Care for children with emotional or behavioral disorders is particularly difficult to locate because child care providers often lack adequate training. Findings are presented from interviews with 60 parents employed a minimum of 30 hr per week and caring for at least one school-age child with an emotional or behavioral disorder. Child care arrangements were varied and complex, with parents often making adjustments daily to design suitable care plans for all children in the family. Parental stress levels and work limitations because of child care were associated with levels of work—family fit, flexibility, child care difficulty, and child care satisfaction. We suggest that availability and access to child care options and supports specific to the needs of their children may be essential for employed parents of children with emotional or behavioral disorders to reduce stress and promote work—life integration.
Death by Overlaying and Wedging: A 15-Year Retrospective Study

Overlaying, the accidental death by smothering caused by a larger individual sleeping on top of an infant, is a cause of death that has been documented for centuries. The hazard of death has been reported to be greater in infants less than 5 months of age but may occur in children up to the age of 2 years. When an adult or older child rolls on top of an infant, mechanical asphyxia results. The face may be pressed into the mattress or into the body of the sleeping adult or older child. The infant’s air may be expressed, and he or she is unable to cry due to pressure on the thorax and the inability to inhale. Some pathologists and investigators believe that the victims of overlaying have no pertinent physical findings at autopsy and that any injury is indicative of inflicted trauma. Others believe that one may see contusions and abrasions from overlaying in and of itself. Wedging is another form of accidental mechanical asphyxia that may have negative autopsy findings. The prevalence of bruising, contusions, or facial and ocular petechiae is not clear.The author reviewed all pediatric forensic cases referred for autopsy to the Forensic Section of the Medical University of South Carolina/Medical Examiners’ Office over the past 15 years, from 1985 to 1999. Of these, all cases of overlaying, cases listed as undetermined sudden infant death syndrome versus overlaying, and wedging were included. The cases were analyzed as to victims’ age, sex, race, location/bedding, bed-sharer, and whether the bed-sharer was known to have ingested drugs or alcohol before sleep. Postmortem physical findings were also reviewed, particularly for documentation of contusions, abrasions, or facial or ocular petechiae. By clarifying not only the victim, bed-sharer, and scenario but also the presence or absence of physical findings in cases of overlaying, wedging, and other accidental asphyxia, we can better categorize these cases.
Social support messages and the management of uncertainty in the experience of breast cancer: An application of problematic integration theory

This article synthesizes past studies of illness, stress, coping, and social support and offers a model of communicative support, based on problematic integration theory, that emphasizes two major dimensions of meaning in the breast cancer experience. The model suggests that supportive messages are designed to help the breast cancer patient manage both perceptions of the likelihood (e.g., uncertainty) of various illness experiences and evaluations of those experiences. Support messages are designed to facilitate coping by reducing, maintaining, or increasing the supportee's level of uncertainty; variations in message design are expected to be related to perceptions of the supportee's pre‐message uncertainty about and evaluation of the potential experience. These expectations were tested by asking breast cancer patients to formulate supportive messages in response to several hypothetical scenarios. The same patients were then asked to judge the likely junction of their messages. These judgments were assess.
Characteristics and Correlates of Cigarette Use Among Recent U.S. Veterans

Little is known about the smoking habits and cessation efforts of veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan, many of whom will seek health care services in the public sector. This project documents rates of smoking and quit attempts among veterans receiving Veteran's Health Administration (VHA) health care and describes the relationship between current smoking use/cessation and demographic characteristics, quality of life, and potential alcohol misuse. A large representative sample of Iraq/Afghanistan era veterans was surveyed using the VA Survey of Healthcare Experiences of Patients (Wright, Craig, Campbell, Schafer, & Humble, 2006). One third of respondents reported smoking during the past year and 24% reported currently smoking. Current smoking status was more prevalent among those who reported less education and lower household income. Current smoking status was also related to lower mental and physical health quality of life and higher potential alcohol misuse scores. Quit attempts were significantly less common among reserve component veterans and quitters reported higher incomes and were slightly older. The frequency of cigarette smoking among recent veterans underscores the importance of addressing smoking cessation efforts within this population. Individual characteristics associated with current smoking, cessation efforts, and relapse may help tailor cessation treatment for this growing cohort of new veterans.
Seen but Not Heard: Young Children, Improvised Singing and Educational Practice

In this article the author suggests that the persistence of a ‘performance model’ of early childhood music education has detracted attention from children's spontaneous musical activity. The article focuses on one dimension of children's spontaneous musicality: improvised singing. Descriptions of short episodes taken from two periods of observation, the first in a day-care setting among two- and three-year-olds and the second in a nursery among three-year-olds, provide examples of different kinds of improvised singing and how they are integrated into physical movement, and play with objects and malleable substances such as sand and water. The descriptions move into detailed discussion which draws attention to the way in which, as they play, the children's singing represents one mode blended among many and gives insight into time-based processes. The author goes on to suggest that these time-based processes support ways of engaging, either with material things or in interacting with others. The article contains a number of propositions for the benefits which might accrue from a reconsideration of singing in early childhood education.
Youth Action for Health Through Youth-Led Research

SUMMARY Youth participation in social action can contribute to healthier, more just communities and more effective youth serving institutions. Reflecting on youth-led research projects conducted in seven school-based health centers, this article presents specific youth engagement strategies, the benefits of youth participation in health research, and the lessons learned for improving adolescent health and other outcomes.
A Meta-Level Analysis of the Conduit in Lives Lived and Stories Told

This work begins with reflections on the conduit, and then presents the conduit metaphor as a philosophical and linguistic concept and as an educational idea. Research studies with two teachers and two principals over a sustained period of time are presented, and re-cast in terms of what each reveals about the qualities of the conduit. In the process, each educator's knowledge is featured in its own terms and each school situation is worked through in its own terms. The attributes of the conduit are then distilled through meta-level narrative analysis, and possibilities for the future are imagined.
A Simple Robust Link between American Puts and Credit Protection

We develop a simple robust link between deep out-of-the-money American put options on a company's stock and a credit insurance contract on the company's bond. We assume that the stock price stays above a barrier B before default but drops below a lower barrier A after default, thus generating a default corridor [A,B] that the stock price can never enter. Given the presence of this default corridor, a spread between two co-terminal American put options struck within the corridor replicates a pure credit contract, paying off when and only when default occurs prior to the option expiry. The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. , Oxford University Press.