Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acetylcholinesterase Mediated Susceptibility of Soldiers and Workers of Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) to Chlorpyrifos

Abstract Target site studies were undertaken to examine the difference in susceptibility of Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, workers and soldiers to chlorpyrifos. Workers exhibited significantly greater acetylcholinesterase activity per insect than soldiers (118.63 ± 48.51 versus 47.98 ± 22.59 mOD/min/insect equivalent). Likewise, enzyme activity (mean ± SD) per milligram of protein was greater in workers than soldiers (440.30 ± 267.43 versus 311.53 ± 149.83 mOD/min/mg protein). The enzyme of soldiers was more sensitive to the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors eserine and chlorpyrifos-oxon than that of workers. The I50s of chlorpyrifos-oxon were 2.66 and 4.59 nM for soldiers and workers, respectively, whereas the I50s of eserine were 16.56 and 25.41 nM for soldiers and workers, respectively. The amount of protein was significantly higher in workers than in soldiers with mean values of 0.270 ± 0.102 and 0.154 ± 0.054 mg/insect equivalent, respectively. We suggest that the differential response of workers and soldiers to chlorpyrifos may be due to the difference in AChE sensitivity to inhibition and the amount of protein between them.
External Fixation using Acrylic versus Epoxy as a Connecting bar for Repair of Compound Fracture in Goat

The study was conducted on 10 goats, aged between 10 months to 5 years, brought to T.V. C.C, Jabalpur for the treatment of compound fracture in metacarpal and tibia. The animals were selected irrespective of their age, sex, breed and body weight. The animals were randomly divided into two equal groups. In group I, external skeletal fixation using Acrylic as the connecting bar was applied whereas in group II, Epoxy putty was used as the connecting bar. Wound area at fracture site decreased significantly at 30th day as compared to 0 day. The mean radiographic score increased significantly at 30th day and was highest at 60th day. Weight bearing score improved on 15th day and complete weight bearing was observed on 12th to 30th days in all goats. Pin loosening, pin tract drainage and inflammation were observed post-operatively.
STUDIES IN TRAUMATIC EPILEPSY A STUDY OF 85

When both focal and generalized epileptic attacks occur in the same patient it is not uncommon for the content of the focal attack to occur also as an aura to the generalized seizure. This probably indicates that in each case the site of initial cortical discharge is the same, but that it remains localized in one and spreads widely in the other to involve sub-cortical centres which seem to play an essential part in the spread of the epileptic process. For this reason we here consider together isolated focal fits and the
Designing social networking sites for older adults

The importance of older adults' social networks in providing practical, emotional and informational support is well documented. In this paper, we reflect on the personal social networks of older adults, and the shortcomings of existing online Social Networking Sites (SNSs) in supporting their needs. We report findings from ethnographic interviews, focus groups and hands-on demonstrations with older adults, where we find key themes affecting adoption of SNSs. We then consider design aspects that should be taken into account for future SNSs, if they are to meet the preferences of older users.
Fiber connections of the diencephalic nucleus tuberis anterior in the weakly electric fish, Gymnotus cf. carapo: An in vivo tract‐tracing study

Transport of biotinylated dextran amine shows the spatial segregation of mechanosensory afferents in the nucleus tuberis anterior (TA) of a gymnotiform fish, Gymnotus cf. carapo. Only the intermediate subdivision of this nucleus receives projections from the lateral region of the ventral torus semicircularis (TSv), which represents the principal midbrain center for mechanosensory information processing, and from the ventral nucleus praeeminentialis, which receives collaterals of ascending second order mechanosensory fibers that emerge from the mechanosensory lateral line lobe. Considering this aspect, a rostrocaudal subdivision of the TA is proposed. The TA also receives input from regions subserving other sensory modalities, suggesting a role in multisensory interaction. Another important finding of this work consisted in the demonstration of reciprocal connections between the TA and the inferior lobe of the hypothalamus, which is known to receive gustatory, visual, and electrosensory input and is therefore considered a multisensory integration center involved in feeding and aggressive behavior. Furthermore, reciprocal connections between the TA and the preelectromotor central‐posterior/prepacemaker complex may provide an access for the processed mechanosensory information to interact with the transient modulations of the electric organ discharge that accompany different behaviors. J. Comp. Neurol. 503:655–667, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Informational Picture Books in the Library: Do Young Children Find Them?

ABSTRACT Ten public libraries were surveyed to evaluate access for young children, aged 4 ½ to 6 years, to age appropriate informational picture books. Location of books, types of shelving, and displays were noted for both fiction and informational books, and unobtrusive observations of young children browsing were conducted in three of the libraries. The findings confirmed children's preference for books in eye level face front shelving in high traffic areas especially near the children's area seating; most children did not explore far from parents. Visits by children to hardcover fiction, paperback fiction, and paperback informational picture books, were balanced. However, hardcover informational picture books were missed due to less accessible locations, oversize shelving, and fewer displays. The role of accompanying parents in finding materials was pivotal. Improving access for young children to a wide variety of books in their public libraries supports both recreational and educational needs, and needs to be considered in library layout.
Abrupt climate changes of the last deglaciation detected in a Western Mediterranean forest record

Abrupt changes in Western Mediterranean climate during the last deglaciation (20 to 6 cal ka BP) are detected in marine core MD95-2043 (Alboran Sea) through the investigation of high-resolution pollen data and pollen-based climate reconstructions by the modern analogue technique (MAT) for annual precipitation (Pann) and mean temperatures of the coldest and warmest months (MTCO and MTWA). Changes in temperate Mediterranean forest development and composition and MAT reconstructions indicate major climatic shifts with parallel temperature and precipitation changes at the onsets of Heinrich stadial 1 (equivalent to the Oldest Dryas), the Bolling-Allerod (BA), and the Younger Dryas (YD). Multi-centennial-scale oscillations in forest development occurred throughout the BA, YD, and early Holocene. Shifts in vegetation composition and (Pann reconstructions indicate that forest declines occurred during dry, and generally cool, episodes centred at 14.0, 13.3, 12.9, 11.8, 10.7, 10.1, 9.2, 8.3 and 7.4 cal ka BP. The forest record also suggests multiple, low-amplitude Preboreal (PB) climate oscillations, and a marked increase in moisture availability for forest development at the end of the PB at 10.6 cal ka BP. Dry atmospheric conditions in the Western Mediterranean occurred in phase with Lateglacial events of high-latitude cooling including GI-1d (Older Dryas), GI-1b (Intra-Allerod Cold Period) and GS-1 (YD), and during Holocene events associated with high-latitude cooling, meltwater pulses and N. Atlantic ice-rafting. A possible climatic mechanism for the recurrence of dry intervals and an opposed regional precipitation pattern with respect to Western-central Europe relates to the dynamics of the westerlies and the prevalence of atmospheric blocking highs. Comparison of radiocarbon and ice-core ages for well-defined climatic transitions in the forest record suggests possible enhancement of marine reservoir ages in the Alboran Sea by 200 years (surface water age 600 years) during the Lateglacial.
ON A PARTIALLY DESCRIBED INVERSE QUADRATIC EIGENVALUE PROBLEM

The inverse eigenvalue problem of constructing square matrices M,C and K of size n for the quadratic pencil Q(λ) ≡ λM + λC +K so that Q(λ) has a prescribed subset of eigenvalues and eigenvectors is considered. This paper offers a constructive proof showing that, given any k ≤ n distinct eigenvalues and linearly independent eigenvectors, the problem is solvable even under the restriction that M,C and K are all real and symmetric, and that M and K are positive definite and semi-definite, respectively. The construction also allows additional optimization conditions to be built into the solution so as to better refine the approximate pencil. The eigenstructure of the resulting Q(λ) is completely analyzed.
High-yield synthesis of extremely high concentrated and few-layered boron nitride nanosheet dispersions

Due to the strong ‘lip–lip’ interactions between neighboring nanosheets layers, the scalable exfoliated fabrication of few-layer-thick boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) from the bulk hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is more challenging than these graphene nanosheets. In this work, few-layer (generally less than 10 layers) BNNSs were efficiently synthesized through a simple ball milling technique with the 2-furoic acid (FA) as a modifier. The BNNSs as-prepared with a average thickness of about 2.0 nm and an extremely high production yield (~98%) as well as unprecedentedly high dispersed concentration (~35 mg ml−1) in water. The stable aqueous dispersions of BNNSs can be directly used to fabricate ultralight aerogels with a low density of 2.0 mg cm−3 and thermally conductive film with a highly thermal conductivity of 25.2 W m−1 K−1. This approach provided us with an environmentally friendly agent with high efficiency for few-layer BNNSs synthesis and demonstrated promising applications for ultralight aerogels and heat dissipation in electronic components.
Medial prefrontal theta phase coupling during spatial memory retrieval

Memory retrieval is believed to involve a disparate network of areas, including medial prefrontal and medial temporal cortices, but the mechanisms underlying their coordination remain elusive. One suggestion is that oscillatory coherence mediates inter‐regional communication, implicating theta phase and theta‐gamma phase‐amplitude coupling in mnemonic function across species. To examine this hypothesis, we used non‐invasive whole‐head magnetoencephalography (MEG) as participants retrieved the location of objects encountered within a virtual environment. We demonstrate that, when participants are cued with the image of an object whose location they must subsequently navigate to, there is a significant increase in 4–8 Hz theta power in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and the phase of this oscillation is coupled both with ongoing theta phase in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and perceptually induced 65–85 Hz gamma amplitude in medial parietal cortex. These results suggest that theta phase coupling between mPFC and MTL and theta‐gamma phase‐amplitude coupling between mPFC and neocortical regions may play a role in human spatial memory retrieval. © 2014 The Authors. Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The serum protein and lipoprotein response to tuberculosis in chicks fed various levels of dietary fat.

In mammals, the serum proteins and constituent fractions, separated by electrophoresis, are significantly altered by a wide variety of physiologic and pathologic factors. Among these, the effects of experimental infection with 111 ycobacterium tuberculosis have been studied in the rabbit (1), the guinea pig (2), the mouse (3), and the rat (4). Although the serum proteins of birds have been the subject of several investigations by free (5-7) and zone (8) electrophoresis, these studies have dealt primarily with factors other than pathologic states. Reports are available concerning the effects of vitamin E deficiency (9) and of erythroblastosis (10) on the electrophoretic distribution of serum proteins in the chick. Since dietary fat level has been reported (11) to influence resistance to experimental infection with M. tuberculosis in mice, the present investigation was designed to study the serum protein response in the chick to infection with avian tubercle bacilli; and to assess the possible effects of dietary fat level on this response. Data regarding mortality and tissue reactions to infection are the subjects of other reports (12); those presented here concern the serum protein and lipoprotein responses to infection studied by paper electrophoresis.
Aflatoxin B1 Degradation by a Pseudomonas Strain

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), one of the most potent naturally occurring mutagens and carcinogens, causes significant threats to the food industry and animal production. In this study, 25 bacteria isolates were collected from grain kernels and soils displaying AFB1 reduction activity. Based on its degradation effectiveness, isolate N17-1 was selected for further characterization and identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa N17-1 could degrade AFB1, AFB2 and AFM1 by 82.8%, 46.8% and 31.9% after incubation in Nutrient Broth (NB) medium at 37 °C for 72 h, respectively. The culture supernatant of isolate N17-1 degraded AFB1 effectively, whereas the viable cells and intra cell extracts were far less effective. Factors influencing AFB1 degradation by the culture supernatant were investigated. Maximum degradation was observed at 55 °C. Ions Mn2+ and Cu2+ were activators for AFB1 degradation, however, ions Mg2+, Li+, Zn2+, Se2+, Fe3+ were strong inhibitors. Treatments with proteinase K and proteinase K plus SDS significantly reduced the degradation activity of the culture supernatant. No degradation products were observed based on preliminary LC-QTOF/MS analysis, indicating AFB1 was metabolized to degradation products with chemical properties different from that of AFB1. The results indicated that the degradation of AFB1 by P. aeruginosa N17-1 was enzymatic and could have a great potential in industrial applications. This is the first report indicating that the isolate of P. aeruginosa possesses the ability to degrade aflatoxin.
Extremal Problems for Independent Set Enumeration

The study of the number of independent sets in a graph has a rich history. Recently, Kahn proved that disjoint unions of $K_{r,r}$'s have the maximum number of independent sets amongst $r$-regular bipartite graphs. Zhao extended this to all $r$-regular graphs. If we instead restrict the class of graphs to those on a fixed number of vertices and edges, then the Kruskal-Katona theorem implies that the graph with the maximum number of independent sets is the lex graph, where edges form an initial segment of the lexicographic ordering. In this paper, we study three related questions. Firstly, we prove that the lex graph has the maximum number of weighted independent sets for any appropriate weighting. Secondly, we solve the problem of maximizing the number of independents sets in graphs with specified independence number or clique number. Finally, for $m\leq n$, we find the graphs with the minimum number of independent sets for graphs with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges.
Ecosystem recharge by volcanic dust drives broad-scale variation in bird abundance

Across the globe, deserts and volcanic eruptions produce large volumes of atmospheric dust, and the amount of dust is predicted to increase with global warming. The effects of long-distance airborne dust inputs on ecosystem productivity are potentially far-reaching but have primarily been measured in soil and plants. Airborne dust could also drive distribution and abundance at higher trophic levels, but opportunities to explore these relationships are rare. Here we use Iceland's steep dust deposition gradients to assess the influence of dust on the distribution and abundance of internationally important ground-nesting bird populations. Surveys of the abundance of breeding birds at 729 locations throughout lowland Iceland were used to explore the influence of dust deposition on bird abundance in agricultural, dry, and wet habitats. Dust deposition had a strong positive effect on bird abundance across Iceland in dry and wet habitats, but not in agricultural land where nutrient levels are managed. The abundance of breeding waders, the dominant group of terrestrial birds in Iceland, tripled on average between the lowest and highest dust deposition classes in both wet and dry habitats. The deposition and redistribution of volcanic materials can have powerful impacts in terrestrial ecosystems and can be a major driver of the abundance of higher trophic-level organisms at broad spatial scales. The impacts of volcanic ash deposition during eruptions and subsequent redistribution of unstable volcanic materials are strong enough to override effects of underlying variation in organic matter and clay content on ecosystem fertility. Global rates of atmospheric dust deposition are likely to increase with increasing desertification and glacier retreat, and this study demonstrates that the effects on ecosystems are likely to be far-reaching, both in terms of spatial scales and ecosystem components.
The heat shock protein 90 inhibitor IPI‐504 induces apoptosis of AKT‐dependent diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a molecular chaperone that stabilizes critical client proteins in multiple cancers. Gene expression profiling was utilized to characterize HSP90 isoform expression in primary human diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). HSP90 α and β isoforms were differentially expressed in subsets of tumours defined by their transcriptional profiles. Thereafter, we assessed the activity of the HSP90 inhibitor, IPI‐504, in an extensive panel of DLBCL cell lines. IPI‐504, which interacts with the conserved ATP‐binding site in both HSP90 isoforms, inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in the majority of DLBCL cell lines at low micromolar concentrations. IPI‐504‐sensitive cell lines expressed high levels of the HSP90 client protein, pAKT, and exhibited dose‐dependent decreases in pAKT levels following IPI‐504 treatment and significantly reduced proliferation following AKT RNAi. Furthermore, the combination of low‐dose (<1 μmol/l) IPI‐504 and the AKT/Pi3K pathway inhibitor, LY24009, was synergistic in IPI‐504‐sensitive DLBCL cell lines. Low‐dose IPI‐504 was also synergistic with the chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin. The HSP90 inhibitor IPI‐504 warrants further investigation in DLBCL alone and in combination with identified client protein inhibitors and active chemotherapeutic agents.
Release of IL-1β via IL-1β-Converting Enzyme in a Skin Dendritic Cell Line Exposed to 2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene

We used a mouse fetal skin dendritic cell line (FSDC) to study the effect of the strong allergen 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) on interleukin (IL)-1β release and IL-1β receptor immunoreactivity. Stimulation with DNFB (30 minutes) increased IL-1β release without changing the mRNA levels of the protein. Furthermore, DNFB increased transiently the interleukin-1β-converting enzyme (ICE) activity, as measured with its fluorogenic substrate Z-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-AFC. The ICE inhibitor Z-YVAD-FMK prevented the release of IL-1β evoked by DNFB. Incubation of the cells with DNFB (30 minutes) strongly increased IL-1β receptor immunoreactivity. The rapid effect of DNFB on the release of mature IL-1β, without inducing an increase of IL-1β mRNA in FSDC, suggests a posttranslational modification of pro-IL-1β by ICE activity.
Chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia patients with low OCT-1 activity randomized to high-dose imatinib achieve better responses and have lower failure rates than those randomized to standard-dose imatinib

Background The functional activity of the organic cation transporter 1 (OCT-1) protein (OCT-1 activity) is an excellent predictor of molecular response and progression-free survival in patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia treated with imatinib as front-line therapy. Design and Methods In this study the predictive value of OCT-1 activity in patients treated with imatinib 400 mg/day or 800 mg/day was evaluated in relation to trough imatinib plasma levels assessed in 100 patients enrolled in the Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Optimization and Selectivity (TOPS) trial. Results The rate of major molecular responses by 24 months in patients on imatinib 400 mg/day was significantly higher in those with high OCT-1 activity than in those with low OCT-1 activity (low OCT-1 activity, 57% of patients; high OCT-1 activity, 100%; P<0.001); the corresponding difference in patients treated with imatinib 800 mg/day did not reach statistical significance (low OCT-1 activity, 68%; high OCT-1 activity, 95%; P=0.073). In addition, the combination of low trough imatinib levels (<1200 ng/mL) and low OCT-1 activity defined a group of patients who had the lowest rates of major molecular response (47%) by 24 months compared to all other patients (81%, P=0.009). These patients were also at the highest risk of failed imatinib therapy when compared to all other patients (P<0.001). Conclusions High-dose imatinib leads to superior molecular responses in patients with low OCT-1 activity. In this group trough imatinib levels may define a group with inferior outcomes. Among patients with high OCT-1 activity, neither higher imatinib dose nor monitoring imatinib trough levels was found to be of significant clinical value. Hence OCT-1 activity determined prior to the start of therapy in newly diagnosed CML patients provides a valuable prognostic tool to determine the optimal up-front dose of imatinib in patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia.
Inverting a canopy re ̄ ectance model using a neural network

An o-nadir canopy re¯ ectance model, the Liang and Strahler algorithm for the Coupled Atmosphere and Canopy (CAC) model, was used to simulate multi-angle re¯ ectances based on various combinations of canopy bio-physical parameters. Biophysical parameters such as leaf angle distribution (LAD) and leaf area index (LAI) were input to the CAC model along with re¯ ectances of leaf and soil and aerosol optical depth. The CAC model, however, can only be inverted through numerical iterations and it is extremely di cult to use for retrieval of those biophysical parameters with ordinary inversion methods. In order to retrieve those biophysical parameters, we employed an error back-propagation feed-forward neural network program. We constructed a number of neural network models based on the simulated results from the CAC model. In this paper, we report the results obtained from retrieving any individual parameter from multi-angle re¯ ectances and results obtained from simultaneously retrieving some combinations of two parameters and ® ve parameters. We tested the use of a di erent number of multi-angle re¯ ectances as input to the neural networks. This number varied in the range 1± 64. The test results showed that a relative error between 1 and 5% or better was achievable for retrieving one parameter at a time or two parameters simultaneously. The relative errors for two of the ® ve simultaneously retrieved parameters were less than 17%. The amount of computation required by simultaneous retrieval of ® ve parameters was prohibitively high for a regular workstation.