Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Activity-Based Patterns of Everyday Mobility: The Potential for Long-Term Behaviour Change Across Five Groups of Travellers

Abstract Significant differences in our mobility patterns can be found in relation to both range/distance and form. While some people travel on multiple occasions to global destinations over the course of a year, others travel mainly locally, that is, by bicycle or on foot. Policymakers and planners need to have a clear conception of the different mobility patterns if they are to develop valid and precise measures promoting more sustainable forms of mobility. This paper points to five key mobility types based on an exploratory cluster analysis of approximately 20,000 Norwegian travel diaries. Three of the defined groups are dominated by the private car, while two are oriented towards the use of public transport, bicycling and walking. The key differences and similarities between the mobility types are discussed and the relationship between everyday travel patterns and long-distance travel is analysed. Opportunities and challenges for transformations in the everyday travel habits of the five groups are discussed in the final section.
Efficiency of various anthropometric measurements in determining low birth weight babies.

Anthropometric measurements were applied to 119 healthy, singleton, full-term infants born during June 1993-January 1994 in the obstetric ward of the community medicine department of SKIMS in Srinagar, Kashmir, India. Researchers aimed to identify an alternative simple and accurate measurement to birth weight for field conditions. The anthropometric measurements included weight, crown-heel length, mid-arm circumference, head circumference, thigh circumference, calf circumference, and chest circumference. The researchers applied their findings to a separate cohort of 250 newborns at the child health clinic of the same department to determine specificity, sensitivity, and predictive values. The mean birth weight was 2.8 kg. Mean mid-arm, calf, thigh, chest, and head circumferences were 10.45, 10.15, 015.73, 32.18, and 34.96 cm, respectively. Mean crown-heel length was 49.78 cm. Birth weight had a very significant correlation with calf circumference (r = 0.87), thigh circumference (r = 0.7), mid-arm circumference (r = 0.7), and chest circumference (r = 0.40). Calf circumference accounted for 75.69% of the total variance. Thigh circumference and mid-arm circumference accounted for 49% and 46.24%, respectively. The critical level value of birth weight to 2.5 kg was 9.78 cm for calf circumference, 14.8 cm for thigh circumference, 9.94 cm for mid-arm circumference, 32.23 cm for chest circumference, 34.72 cm for head circumference, and 49.58 cm for chest circumference. Calf circumference had the highest sensitivity and specificity (93.55% and 98.92%, respectively), compared to 77.42% and 92.63%, respectively, for thigh circumference and 64.52% and 93.55%, respectively, for mid-arm circumference. The likelihood of missing low birth weight infants was lowest for calf circumference (7-8% vs. 22-23% for thigh circumference and 30-35% for mid-arm circumference). These findings show that calf circumference is the most effective alternative anthropometric measurement to birth weight for identifying low birth weight newborns.
Measuring the business and societal benefits of corporate responsibility

Purpose – The economic crisis has more than ever revealed the necessity for companies to extend their focus from the maximization of shareholder returns to the management of their complex stakeholder relationships including societal stakeholders. Although companies and scholars alike have been searching for adequate performance measurement systems that allow them to evaluate their relations with society, practical approaches to measure the benefits of CSR are still missing. This paper aims at filling this research gap. It proposes a measurement and a governance model to evaluate and manage the business as well as the societal benefits of CSR.Design/methodology/approach – The research follows a two‐step approach. First, a measurement model is developed based on a sound theoretical analysis. It is then applied in an in‐depth case study to test its applicability to business practice.Findings – The research finds that current measurement approaches fail to provide a practicable measurement framework, especial.
Cancer incidence in a kidney‐transplanted population

Abstract A study on cancer incidence after kidney transplantation was performed using data of national transplant and cancer registries. Since 1964 up to 30 June 1997, 3440 kidney transplantations were performed on 2890 patients. From 1967 to 1997, 230 posttransplantation malignancies were found in 20 817 patient‐years of follow up. The standardised incidence ratio (SIR) was 3.33 compared to the general population. The SIR was highest in skin cancer (39.2). The SIRs were high in cancers of the lip (23.0), thyroid (8.08), kidney (8.0), lower urinary tract (3.2), non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (4.8), ovary (3.9) and colon (3.9). Skin cancer and lymphomas had much higher SIRs in men than in women whereas lower urinary tract cancer had a higher SIR in women. During the first 10 follow up years, life‐table analysis indicates a higher cancer risk in cyclosporine‐treated patients, but this may be biased by their shorter follow up as the overall SIR was equal in both groups. This population study shows the increased incidence of cancer in the transplant population and points out the importance of cancer surveillance in the years following kidney transplantation.
Turbulent Flow of Viscoelastic Fluid Through Complicated Geometry

Viscoelastic liquids with very small amounts of polymer/surfactant additives can, as well known since B.A. Toms’ observation in 1948, provide substantial reductions in frictional drag of wall-bounded turbulence relative to the corresponding Newtonian fluid flow. Friction reductions of up to 80% compared to the pure water flow can be occasionally achieved with smooth channel/pipe flow of viscoelastic surfactant solution [11, 54]. This friction-reducing effect, referred to as turbulent drag reduction (DR) or Toms effect, has been identified as an efficient technology for a large variety of applications, e.g. oil pipelines [25] and heating/cooling systems for buildings [43], because of major benefits in reducing energy consumption.
Toxicity of Fatty Acid Ester Hydroperoxides

Summary Intraperitoneal injection of concentrates of methyl linoleate hydroperoxide into adult rats was lethal at a level of about 150 μm per 100 g. Previous injection of equal amounts of tocopherol or ethoxyquin did not change the LD50 level. Sixteen hundred but not 800 μm per 100 g were lethal when administered by stomach tube.
Measuring Housing Price Growth – Using Stratification to Improve Median-based Measures

Developments in housing prices are of interest to households, policy-makers and those involved in the housing industry. This has been the case both in Australia and in other countries where house price developments are having significant macroeconomic impacts. However, the construction of measures of city-wide or nationwide average housing prices is not a straightforward exercise. One problem is that the sample of dwellings transacted in any period may be far from random and the characteristics of the sample may change from period to period. As a result, widely used measures of growth in mean or median housing prices will reflect changes in the composition of dwellings sold as well as changes in demand and supply conditions. We demonstrate that median price measures in most major Australian capitals are significantly affected by such compositional change. In this paper, we propose a simple measure of house price growth that addresses the problem of compositional change by stratifying individual transactions into different groups. Our measure differs from those commonly used internationally in that we group small geographic regions (suburbs) according to the long-term average price level of dwellings in those regions, rather than just clustering smaller geographic regions into larger geographic regions. This produces a measure of price growth that substantially improves upon median price measures, and one that is highly correlated with more sophisticated (but more computationally intensive) measures. While we focus on providing a basic framework for measuring house price growth, the stratification techniques contained in this paper have broader applications for dealing with datasets that are affected by compositional change.
Keepin’ It R.E.A.L.!: Program Description and Results of Baseline Assessment

In this article, the authors present the results of the analysis of the baseline data from Keepin’it R.E. A.L. , an HIV prevention project developed for mothers and their adolescents. Six hundred twelve mostly male (60.6%) and African American (98.2%) adolescents completed baseline assessments. Eleven percent of the adolescent participants reported initiating sexual intercourse. Adolescent participants expressing higher levels of self-efficacy to resist peer pressure, more favorable outcome expectancies, less communication about sex with their mothers, higherlevels of self-concept related to theirbehavior, lowerlevels of self-concept related to popularity, and less stress reported fewer types of intimate sexual behaviors. Adolescent participants who reported higher self-efficacy to resist peer pressure to have sex and lower levels of stress were less likely to have initiated sexual inter-course. Selected characteristics of mothers did not contribute to understanding factors associated with intimate sexual behaviors or initiation of sexual intercourse among adolescent participants.
The Encroaching Forest: Struggles Over Land and Resources on the Boundary of Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda

The expansion of outside, particularly state, control into rural areas through policies designed to protect and serve endangered wildlife has found increasing significance within studies on human–wildlife conflicts. This article expands the scope of these investigations by forwarding a case study from Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, in southwest Uganda, of a thriving protected area whose continued success has necessitated its expansion into privately owned land. I argue that such encroachment represents a new form of control, namely, through the dispossession of private property via conservation policies that not only restrict rural farmers from responding to incidents of crop raiding but also prevent local communities from accessing their own land.
Contribution of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets to the cytokine secretion patterns induced in mice during sensitization to contact and respiratory chemical allergens

Chemical allergens of different types, those that cause in humans allergic contact dermatitis or occupational asthma, induce in mice divergent immune responses characteristic, respectively, of T‐helper 1 (Th1)‐ and Th2‐type cell activation. Such responses are associated with the development of different cytokine secretion patterns by draining lymph node cells (LNC), such that contact allergens stimulate vigorous interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) production, but little secretion of the Th2 cytokines interleukin‐4 and interleukin‐10 (IL‐4 and IL‐10), whereas the converse pattern is provoked by respiratory allergens. Using selective depletion with antibody and complement we have here examined the relative contribution of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes to the cytokine secretion patterns of draining LNC isolated from mice sensitized to chemical allergens. Mice received repeated topical applications of respiratory allergens, trimellitic anhydride (TMA) or diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), or of contact allergens 2,4‐dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) or formaldehyde. Thirteen days following the initiation of exposure the production by draining LNC of IL‐10, IFN‐γ and mitogen (concanavalin A)‐inducible IL‐4 was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after various periods of culture. It was found that the high levels of IL‐4 and IL‐10 secretion stimulated by TMA or MDI, and the lower levels of these cytokines induced by DNCB or formaldehyde, were in all cases dependent upon the presence of CD4+ cells. In contrast, the comparatively high concentrations of IFN‐γ observed following exposure to contact allergens were found to be derived from CD4+ cells, and in the case of DNCB from CD8+ cells also. The low levels of IFN‐γ induced by treatment with TMA or MDI were associated largely or wholly with CD8+ cells. These data indicate that the type 2 cytokine responses induced to different extents by both contact and respiratory chemical allergens are almost exclusively a function of CD4+ cells, but that IFN‐γ is produced by either CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the case of contact allergens or largely by CD8+ cells in the case of chemical respiratory allergens.
INVESTIGATION OF VISITOR MOTIVATION OF THE EXIT MUSIC FESTIVAL (THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA)

The decision to visit a festival or an event is a directed activity initiated by a wish to fulfil certain cultural need. Although motives only represent one of the variables describing visitor behaviour (besides learning, cultural conditioning and social influences), they form a crucial point that initiates decision making. The purpose of this study was to develop a measurement instrument that can be used to measure the most significant festival motivators for visitors’ travels to music festivals. The paper delivers the results of a questionnaire research conducted during the 11th EXIT festival (Petrovaradin Fortress, Novi Sad, The Republic of Serbia) in July 2011. The results were based on 566 questionnaires. The factor analysis generated three items: socialization; exploration of the festival programme and atmosphere; and perception of the festival and learning.
Oculomotor evidence for neocortical systems but not cerebellar dysfunction in autism

Objective: To investigate the functional integrity of cerebellar and frontal systems in autism using oculomotor paradigms. Background: Cerebellar and neocortical systems models of autism have been proposed. Courchesne and colleagues have argued that cognitive deficits such as shifting attention disturbances result from dysfunction of vermal lobules VI and VII. Such a vermal deficit should be associated with dysmetric saccadic eye movements because of the major role these areas play in guiding the motor precision of saccades. In contrast, neocortical models of autism predict intact saccade metrics, but impairments on tasks requiring the higher cognitive control of saccades. Methods: A total of 26 rigorously diagnosed nonmentally retarded autistic subjects and 26 matched healthy control subjects were assessed with a visually guided saccade task and two volitional saccade tasks, the oculomotor delayed-response task and the antisaccade task. Results: Metrics and dynamics of the visually guided saccades were normal in autistic subjects, documenting the absence of disturbances in cerebellar vermal lobules VI and VII and in automatic shifts of visual attention. Deficits were demonstrated on both volitional saccade tasks, indicating dysfunction in the circuitry of prefrontal cortex and its connections with the parietal cortex, and associated cognitive impairments in spatial working memory and in the ability to voluntarily suppress context-inappropriate responses. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate intrinsic neocortical, not cerebellar, dysfunction in autism, and parallel deficits in higher order cognitive mechanisms and not in elementary attentional and sensorimotor systems in autism.
The marginal benefits of invasive treatments for acute myocardial infarction: does insurance coverage matter?

This paper applies instrumental variable (IV) techniques and estimates the average benefits of invasive surgical treatments for marginal acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients by insurance coverage. The study uses data from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), State Inpatient Databases for the state of Washington, for years 1988-1993. We observed differences in average benefits for marginal patients across insurance subpopulations that cannot be explained by differences in measured clinical circumstances. Our empirical results show that the insurance subpopulations with the greatest estimated marginal benefits are those with the lowest expected payment generosity to providers. Because of the relatively weak explanatory power of our instruments for three insurance subpopulations, and because many of the parameter estimates across the insurance subpopulations are not statistically different from each other, policy recommendations should be approached cautiously. However, our application of IV techniques to AMI patients demonstrates the usefulness of this approach to estimate treatment effects across patient populations (e.g., across types of insurance coverage) for medical conditions of interest to policymakers. These estimates may help determine whether treatments are overutilized or underutilized.
Renaissance of realism, a new stage of Europeanization, or both? Estonia, Finland and EU foreign policy

The relationship between EU foreign policy and national foreign policies of the member states is changing due to various factors: the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009 and subsequent creation of the European External Action Service (EEAS); the economic crisis in Europe; and shifts in the global balance of power. The article explores these new dynamics in light of two cases, Estonia and Finland. It examines why the two countries support further integration in the area of foreign policy and what determines the limits of their support, applying rationalist and constructivist approaches. From a rationalist perspective, Finland and Estonia view the EU and the EEAS as a means to pursue national interests and make diplomacy more cost-effective; these aspects have become more important due to the economic crisis and changes in the international context. At the same time both countries value the EU as a security community and a source of solidarity, which points to the importance of socialization, as conceptualized by constructivists. However, the predominance of national foreign policy identity and an instrumental approach to the EU leaves limited space for deeper socialization, in spite of the new mechanisms of socialization introduced by the EEAS.
Using the Survey of Consumer Finances: Some Methodological Considerations and Issues

We identify and present original analyses of four methodological issues related to using Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) datasets and illustrate these issues with recent articles published in this journal. The issues are: recognizing that the respondent is not necessarily the household head, reporting race and ethnicity in conformity with SCF and federal standards, using the Repeated-Imputation Inference method to combine the five implicates in each survey year's dataset, and discussing the use of weighted or unweighted data in multivariate analysis. We found considerable variation in how authors dealt with these issues, which could hinder replication or comparison of research results. Authors and reviewers should consider methodological issues related to the SCF more carefully.
Congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia with novel intra‐erythroblastic and intra‐erythrocytic inclusions

Summary A hitherto undescribed form of congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia is reported. The patient was severely anaemic and hydropic at birth and is now 8 years old. She has a moderate normochromic normocytic anaemia, HbF level of 50%, reticulocyte count of 5‐12% and hyperbilirubinaemia. Bone marrow smears showed intense normoblastic erythroid hyperplasia with morphological evidence of dyserythropoiesis; the most common dysplastic features were basophilic stippling of polychromatic erythroblasts and of erythrocytes and marked abnormalities of nuclear shape in polychromatic erythroblasts. Electron microscope studies showed that some polychromatic erythroblasts and several erythrocytes contained inclusions which were rounded, elongated or irregular in outline or were doughnut‐shaped. These inclusions consisted of compact masses of tubules and saccules which may represent smooth endoplasmic reticulum together with Golgi cisternae. The ultrastructural studies also revealed peculiar membrane‐bound cylindrical structures in a rare late erythroblast, and phagocytosed erythroblasts within some macrophages. The technique of combined Feulgen micro‐spectrophotometry and 3H‐thymidine autoradiography demonstrated a pile‐up of early polychromatic erythroblasts in the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle, indicating a prolongation of, or an arrest at, these phases. Furthermore, nearly a quarter of all erythroblasts failed to incorporate 3H‐leucine into protein. Thus the anaemia appeared to be due to a combination of disordered erythroblast function, increased ineffectiveness of erythropoiesis and peripheral haemolysis. The primary defect may be an excessive synthesis or impaired degradation of intracytoplasmic membranes.
COMPARISON OF TWO LEG PHANTOMS CONTAINING 241AM IN BONE

Three facilities (CIEMAT, HMGU and HML) have used their in vivo counters to compare two leg phantoms. One was commercially produced with 241Am activity artificially added to the bone inserts. The other, the United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries' (USTUR) leg phantom, was manufactured from 241Am-contaminated bones resulting from an intake. The comparison of the two types of leg phantoms showed that the two phantoms are not similar in their activity distributions. An error in a bone activity estimate could be quite large if the commercial leg phantom is used to estimate what is contained in the USTUR leg phantom and, consequently, a real person. As the latter phantom was created as a result of a real contamination, it is deemed to be the more representative of what would actually happen if a person were internally contaminated with 241Am.
The impact of home health length of stay and number of skilled nursing visits on hospitalization among Medicare-reimbursed skilled home health beneficiaries.

The implementation of the Home Health Prospective Payment System in 2000 led to a dramatic reduction in home health length of stay and number of skilled nursing visits among Medicare beneficiaries. While policy leaders have focused on the rising costs of home health care, its potential underutilization, and the relationship between service use and patient outcomes including hospitalization rates have not been rigorously examined. A secondary analysis of five Medicare-owned assessment and claims data sets for the year 2009 was conducted among two independently randomly selected samples of Medicare-reimbursed home health recipients (each n = 31,485) to examine the relationship between home health length of stay or number of skilled nursing visits and hospitalization rates within 90 days of discharge from home health. Patients who had a home health length of stay of at least 22 days or received at least four skilled nursing visits had significantly lower odds of hospitalization than patients with shorter home health stays and fewer skilled nursing visits. Additional study is needed to clarify the best way to structure home health services and determine readiness for discharge to reduce hospitalization among this chronically ill population. In the mean time, the findings of this study suggest that home health providers should consider the benefits of at least four SNV and/or a home health LOS of 22 days or longer.