Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sildenafil can increase the response to inhaled nitric oxide.

INHALED nitric oxide (NO) reduces pulmonary artery pressure and increases arterial oxygen tension (Pao2) in many patients with pulmonary hypertension',* and acute respiratory failure. ' Not all patients, however, manifest an equally effective r e ~ p o n s e , ~ and investigators have sought to enhance the physiologic effects of inhaled NO.5 One possible strategy is to increase the availability of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), an intracellular messenger of NO, by blocking its degradation by cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE-5). Dipyridamole, a PDE-5 inhibitor, has been used in combination with inhaled NO to decrease pulmonary artery pressure in patients with pulmonary hypertension of various etiologies. "~' However, the results of these small series have been inconsistent, possibly because of the multiple pharmacologic actions of this drug. ' Sildenafil is a newer PDE-5 inhibitor used in the management of erectile dysfunction" that acts by increasing the local availability of endogenous NO. Sildenafil has a higher PDE-5 selectivity than dipyridamole and a predict-
Endogenous Market Participation and the General Equilibrium Value of Money

We study the monetary theory implications of fixed costs associated with trade in private assets. We show that with heterogeneous endowment profiles it is possible for an endogenous subset of agents to hold currency even when it is dominated in return by a competing asset. With respect to positive issues in monetary theory, the model implies that changes in the steady-state growth rate of the money supply have a negative effect on real interest rates because of endogenous market participation measures. On the normative side, we show that there may be an equity-efficiency trade-off from monetary deflation.
The Spatial Clustering Effect of Destination Distribution on Cognitive Distance Estimates and Its Impact on Tourists' Destination Choices

ABSTRACT. This study examines the role of cognitive distance measures in predicting tourists' destination visiting intentions. In addition, the study examines the stability of those roles across three distance ranges. A total of 1,020 Taichung residents in Taiwan were administered an on‐site questionnaire. The results indicated that, when considering all destinations, cognitive distance estimates did not directly predict tourists' visiting intentions; instead, cognitive distance estimates influenced the inaccuracy of cognitive distance which then predicted visiting intentions. Point pattern analysis revealed that respondents preferred destinations were spatially clustered; therefore, the stability of the proposed model was then tested across psychological, hybrid, and physical distance ranges. The complexity of the findings was then interpreted in the context of Taiwan's spatially clustered destinations; and theoretical, research, and practical implications are proposed.
An HTML5-Based Pure Website Solution for Rapidly Viewing and Processing Large-Scale 3D Medical Volume Reconstruction on Mobile Internet

This study aimed to propose a pure web-based solution to serve users to access large-scale 3D medical volume anywhere with good user experience and complete details. A novel solution of the Master-Slave interaction mode was proposed, which absorbed advantages of remote volume rendering and surface rendering. On server side, we designed a message-responding mechanism to listen to interactive requests from clients (Slave model) and to guide Master volume rendering. On client side, we used HTML5 to normalize user-interactive behaviors on Slave model and enhance the accuracy of behavior request and user-friendly experience. The results showed that more than four independent tasks (each with a data size of 249.4 MB) could be simultaneously carried out with a 100-KBps client bandwidth (extreme test); the first loading time was <12 s, and the response time of each behavior request for final high quality image remained at approximately 1 s, while the peak value of bandwidth was <50-KBps. Meanwhile, the FPS value for each client was ≥40. This solution could serve the users by rapidly accessing the application via one URL hyperlink without special software and hardware requirement in a diversified network environment and could be easily integrated into other telemedical systems seamlessly.
The effect of supplier manufacturing capabilities on buyer responsiveness: The role of collaboration

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between supplier capabilities, supply chain collaboration and buyer responsiveness.Design/methodology/approach – The sample is drawn from UK manufacturing firms across eight industry sectors. Data are analysed using a three‐step hierarchical regression model to investigate main, interaction and quadratic effects.Findings – The results indicate that suppliers' capabilities (flexibility, responsiveness and modularity) directly impact buyer responsiveness but that the level of buyer‐supplier collaboration moderates this relationship. Furthermore, the results show a curvilinear relationship directly between collaboration and buyer responsiveness, whereby there is an optimal point beyond which returns on the relationship decline.Research limitations/implications – The method adopted is a cross‐sectional design and therefore cannot imply causality. Nonetheless, the findings suggest a number of implications. The paper identifies empirical eviden.
Diagnostic discrepancy of early hepatocellular carcinoma between Japan and West

The diagnoses for a range of hepatocellular neoplastic lesions amongst Japanese and Western pathologists show a striking lack of consistency, especially in distinguishing dysplastic nodules (DN) from very well‐differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Namely, very well‐differentiated HCC showing a vaguely nodular appearance diagnosed by Japanese pathologists tends to be diagnosed as high‐grade DN by Western pathologists. Both Japanese and Western pathologists agreed that “stromal invasion”, which is tumor cell invasion into the intra‐tumoral portal tracts, is considered the most helpful morphologic clue to distinguish high‐grade DN from well‐differentiated HCC.
The European sovereign debt crisis: contagion across European real estate markets

This paper aims to investigate the contagion across European securitised real estate markets during the European sovereign debt crisis by the Forbes–Rigobon test, the coskewness test and the cokurtosis test. The new cokurtosis test is constructed by extending the method of constructing the coskewness test to further higher order moments. The results reveal that the cokurtosis test can show additional channels of contagion of which the other tests fail to show, and hence can provide more information on the direction of contagion, and reflect a more complete picture of the contagion pattern. This study has implications to investors and policy-makers. During a crisis, investors should reallocate their portfolio to reduce their loss. Policy-makers should cooperate with other authorities and act accordingly in order to stabilise the economy.
Transport, Housing and Urban Form: The Life Cycle Energy Consumption and Emissions of City Centre Apartments Compared with Suburban Dwellings

Buildings in cities and the activities carried out therein use a significant proportion of a nation's energy consumption and produce substantial quantities of greenhouse gases in the process. Residential buildings are a large contributor, partially as a result of the transport and housing activities of households. In this study, life cycle analysis is used to calculate the total transport and housing energy and emissions from a sample of 41 households in apartment buildings in the city centre of Adelaide, Australia and compare them with suburban households. The purpose of this is to determine whether the urban density option of higher rise dwellings offers a lower environmental impact than conventional housing. The analysis includes delivered energy and greenhouse gas emissions generated by motorised travel and activities within the dwellings, and the energy and emissions embodied in household motor vehicles and the apartment buildings. The total delivered energy consumption of apartment households was found to be lower than suburban households due mainly to higher car usage, particularly in the outer suburbs. However, the analysis of total greenhouse gas emissions provided a somewhat different comparison especially when they were considered on a per capita basis. The total per capita emissions for apartment households varied considerably but, on average, exceeded those of both the inner and outer suburban households. This resulted from lower occupancy rates and higher emissions arising from higher dwelling operational and embodied energy consumption. Overall, it cannot be assumed that centralised, higher density living will deliver per capita emission reductions for residents, once the combined per capita life cycle emissions from housing and transport have been accounted for. A more vigorous educational, promotional and regulatory approach is required to achieve greater operational and embodied energy efficiency in apartment buildings to fully realise the emissions-reducing potential of such buildings in centralised locations.
A glyS T-box riboswitch with species-specific structural features responding to both proteinogenic and nonproteinogenic tRNAGly isoacceptors

In Staphylococcus aureus, a T-box riboswitch exists upstream of the glyS gene to regulate transcription of the sole glycyl-tRNA synthetase, which aminoacylates five tRNAGly isoacceptors bearing GCC or UCC anticodons. Subsequently, the glycylated tRNAs serve as substrates for decoding glycine codons during translation, and also as glycine donors for exoribosomal synthesis of pentaglycine peptides during cell wall formation. Probing of the predicted T-box structure revealed a long stem I, lacking features previously described for similar T-boxes. Moreover, the antiterminator stem includes a 42-nt long intervening sequence, which is staphylococci-specific. Finally, the terminator conformation adopts a rigid two-stem structure, where the intervening sequence forms the first stem followed by the second stem, which includes the more conserved residues. Interestingly, all five tRNAGly isoacceptors interact with S. aureus glyS T-box with different binding affinities and they all induce transcription readthrough at different levels. The ability of both GCC and UCC anticodons to interact with the specifier loop indicates ambiguity during the specifier triplet reading, similar to the unconventional reading of glycine codons during protein synthesis. The S. aureus glyS T-box structure is consistent with the recent crystallographic and NMR studies, despite apparent differences, and highlights the phylogenetic variability of T-boxes when studied in a genome-dependent context. Our data suggest that the S. aureus glyS T-box exhibits differential tRNA selectivity, which possibly contributes toward the regulation and synchronization of ribosomal and exoribosomal peptide synthesis, two essential but metabolically unrelated pathways.
Customer Knowledge and Requirements Engineering in Customization Projects: A Multi-Method Case Study

Increasingly heterogeneous customer demands in software development have led to growing research into the effectiveness of customization projects. Despite the widespread assumption of a positive relationship between customer involvement and project success, there is limited empirical research on the mechanism that translates customer knowledge into project success and other positive customer outcomes. This research explores how customer-enabled market knowledge, clarity of requirements and frequency of requirements changes affect the success of software customization projects as well as customer satisfaction and loyalty. The authors employ a multimethod case study design that consists of qualitative and quantitative elements. The results indicate that customer knowledge differently affects the clarity of requirements and the frequency of requirements change. In addition, the authors found support for a positive association between the clarity of requirements and customer loyalty. The authors end with delineating the next steps of this research and possible general future research directions.
Tests of Rational Expectations in the Forward Exchange Market

This paper presents tests of the hypothesis that, during the current period of floating exchange rates, the forward rate has been equal to the expected future spot rate. These are tests of rational expectations if there are no transactions costs or risk premia. Progressively broader definitions of the information set (upon which expectations are conditional) are taken. When the sample period is started in mid-1974, rather than in early 1973, the deutsche mark passes all tests. Other currencies, such as the seth thpound, fail one or more tests. A statistical rationale for this finding, involving the possibility of discontinuously large errors, is suggested.
The Distribution of Antigen in Lymphoid Tissues following Its Injection into the Anterior Chamber of the Rat Eye1

Injection of Ag into the anterior chamber (AC) of the eye induces deviant immune responses. It has been proposed that Ag internalized by ocular APCs is presented in a tolerogenic fashion in the spleen. However, the nature and distribution of the Ag-bearing cells in the lymphoid organs remain unclear. Fluorescent-labeled Ag (dextran, BSA) injected into the AC of Lewis rats was detected in the subcapsular sinus of the right submandibular lymph nodes (LNs) and cervical LNs, the marginal zone of the spleen, and the medulla of the mesenteric LNs. In the spleen, Ag-bearing cells were CD1+, CD11b+, ED1+, ED2low, ED3+, CD86low, OX6+, CD11c−, ED5− and in the LNs were CD4+, CD8+, CD80+, and OX41+ suggesting these were lymphoid organ resident macrophages. These Ag-bearing macrophages were located adjacent to CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells, and NK cells in the LNs and spleen and to marginal zone B cells in the spleen. No interaction with γδ T cells was observed. The data demonstrates that Ag derived from the AC of the eye is mainly internalized by resident macrophages in the LNs and spleen which are ideally placed to interact with cells involved in the induction of deviant ocular immune responses. The extensive distribution of Ag in LNs draining the upper airway and gastrointestinal tracts, together with the phenotype of Ag-bearing cells in the lymphoid organs, suggests that Ag leaves the eye predominantly in a soluble form and implies other mechanisms of tolerance may contribute to ocular-specific immune responses.
The Work of Families: The Provision of Market and Household Labor and the Role of Public Policy

This paper examines the ability of the family to perform both its economic and institutional functions in today's economy. We argue that individual and family choice with respect to paid and unpaid labor is severely limited. This lack of alternatives in work is generated by three social forces that shape the economic landscape: (1) a tradition rooted in patriarchy; (2) the market system; and (3) the social policies of the state. We create a framework within which the work of families can be analyzed over the past two decades. The analysis is based on data from three waves of the PSID: 1972, 1983, and 1992. Three family types—dual-earner, male-earner, and female-earner family structures—are examined for the nature and intensity of the work effort, the change in labor commitment over time, changes in real income and hourly earnings, and the effect of the increasing encroachment of the market on the family's distribution of labor between the two spheres. Finally, the work of families is examined within the context of the social policies of government, including a review of the institutional difficulties of providing family friendly policies in the current social environment.
Self-Construal Priming Modulates Self-Evaluation under Social Threat

Previous studies have shown that Westerners evaluate themselves in an especially flattering way when faced with a social-evaluative threat. The current study first investigated whether East Asians also have a similar pattern by recruiting Chinese participants and using social-evaluative threat manipulations in which participants perform self-evaluation tasks while adopting different social-evaluative feedbacks (Experiment 1). Then further examined whether the different response patterns can be modulated by different types of self-construal by using social-evaluative threat manipulations in conjunction with a self-construal priming task (Experiment 2). The results showed that, as opposed to Westerners' pattern, Chinese participants rated themselves as having significantly greater above-average effect only when faced with the nonthreatening feedback but not the social-evaluative threat. More importantly, we found that self-construal modulated the self-evaluation under social-evaluative threat: following independent self-construal priming, participants tended to show a greater above-average effect when faced with a social-evaluative threat. However, this pattern in conjunction with a social threat disappeared after participants received interdependent self-construal priming or neutral priming. These findings suggest that the effects of social-evaluative threat on self-evaluation are not culturally universal and is strongly modulated by self-construal priming.
Policy Impact under Credit Rationing: A Real and Financial CGE of Rwanda

The transmission channel between monetary instruments and the supply side of the economy via credit financing of working capital needs has been theoretically shown to be a crucial link in the evaluation of the effects of stabilization policies in financially repressed economies. We consider that this link must be taken into account in the evaluation not only of monetary policies but also of any other non-monetary policies likely to modify the cost and/or the availability of credit. In addition, the influence of this link on the effects of policies would depend on the structure of the real and financial sectors. To verify these hypotheses, we construct a real and financial Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model, which is calibrated with the 1987 data of Rwanda. This model is composed of two versions of which only one introduces the use of bank credit by firms to finance their working capital needs. The comparison of the results obtained from simulations of alternative policies with these two versions allows us to assess the importance of the working capital transmission channel. Our results show that the sign and level of the effects of economic policies on real micro/macro variables do, in fact, differ between the two versions. We also obtain that the instruments of quantitative and selective credit control in force, the banks' behaviour and the relative size of non-structured production units in all sectors, determine the influence of that link on the results of economic policies.
Prognostic value of intact and cleaved forms of the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in a retrospective study of 518 colorectal cancer patients

Abstract Background. The levels of the soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in blood have been shown to correlate with prognosis in various cancers. Plasma levels of the combined suPAR forms have previously shown to be a strong prognostic marker in the present cohort of CRC patients and could potentially identify high-risk patients among those with early stage disease. In order to investigate whether the individual suPAR forms are stronger prognostic markers than the combined amount we measured the different uPAR forms in serum from the same cohort and evaluated their prognostic significance. Material and methods. The different suPAR forms were measured in serum preoperatively collected from 518 patients. Patients were followed up to nine years (median 7.9 years) and the primary endpoint was overall survival. The different suPAR forms were measured using Time Resolved Fluorescence Immunoassays(TR-FIAs): Intact, suPAR(I–III) by TR-FIA 1; intact and cleaved, suPAR(I–III)+(II–III) by TR-FIA 2; and liberated uPAR(I) by TR-FIA 3. Results. All three uPAR variants demonstrated prognostic significance when evaluated individually. In a multivariable analysis suPAR(I–III)+(II–III) and the liberated uPAR(I) were shown to be independent markers of prognosis (HR=1.74, CI:1.33–2.26; p <0.0001 and HR=1.32; CI:1.02–1.71; p=0.036 respectively), and independent of the clinical baseline variables: age, gender, tumor stage and localization. Conclusion. This study demonstrated that suPAR(I–III)+(II–III) and the liberated uPAR(I) in serum are independent prognostic markers in CRC.
Aligning Branding Strategies and Governance of Vertical Transactions in Agri-Food Chains

This article looks at the interactions between branding strategies and governance of vertical transactions. Branding strategy refers to the choice of information provided to consumers through a brand name. Governance refers to contractual agreements organizing transactions in vertical chains. We build on the logic of transaction costs economics to analyze these interactions. We provide an empirical analysis based on case studies to illustrate how governance structures are aligned with branding strategies. We show that the governance will depend on the salience of transactions. Critical or quality-relevant transactions are more tightly controlled than the others. We also explore the consequences of our results for the alignment principle described in Oliver Williamson's work.
How Much Does Absenteeism Cost

This paper presents evidence on the output loss resulting from absenteeism. Hedonic wage equations are estimated over two different data sets-the 1972-1973 Quality of Employment Survey and the pooled May 1973-1975 Current Population Survey-to calculate the cost in terms of reduced output and increased labor costs per payroll hour. Also, a manufacturing production function is estimated to directly compute the productivity loss. The results indicate that the effect of absenteeism on output is quite small: a 10 percentage point increase in the absence rate is associated with at most a 2.1 percent decrease in the wage.
Opportunity Recognition Differences between Black and White Nascent Entrepreneurs: A Test of Bhave's Model

Examining the opportunity recognition processes of black and white entrepreneurs may help improve the lagging rate of black entrepreneurship. Based on the framework provided by Bhave's (1994) model of new venture creation, and using data collected through the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics, we found significant differences between the percentage of black and white nascent entrepreneurs who recognized externally-stimulated versus internally-stimulated opportunities and their projected firm revenues. As predicted, black nascent entrepreneurs were more likely to pursue externally-stimulated opportunities with significantly lower expected revenues than their white counterparts. Academic and practical implications are discussed and future research directions are offered.