Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proximal Tubular Dysfunction is Associated with Chronic Allograft Nephropathy and Decreased Long-Term Renal-Graft Survival

Background: Chronic allograft nephropathy is the major cause of graft loss after the first year of transplantation. Although many conditions are associated with its development, there is no method that can anticipate its risk in patients with good renal function. Methods: We prospectively studied 92 renal-transplant recipients with good and stable allograft function and correlated the development of chronic allograft nephropathy and graft loss with their levels of urinary retinol binding protein (uRBP). Patients were divided in two groups regarding the level of their tubular protein: high, above 0.400 mg/L, and normal levels, 0.400 mg/L or less. Results: Forty-eight (52%) patients had high levels of uRBP. At the enrollment time, patients with high and normal uRBP had comparable serum creatinine and cyclosporine trough levels. During a 5-year follow-up period, chronic allograft nephropathy was detected in 23 (25%) patients, 19 (82.6%) of whom had high levels of uRBP. Five-year chronic allograft nephropathy-free and graft survivals were significantly worse in patients with higher levels of uRBP than in patients with normal levels (57.5% vs. 89.9% P=0.0004; 70.7% vs. 100%, respectively, P=0.0002). High levels of uRBP were the strongest factor associated with the development of chronic allograft nephropathy (RR=5.3, 95% confidence interval 1.45–19.58, P=0.012). Conclusions: Among renal-transplant patients with good and stable graft function, high levels of uRBP identify those having a high risk of developing chronic allograft nephropathy.
Work Motivation and Productivity in Voluntarily Formed Work Teams: A Field Study in China

Abstract The effectiveness of regrouping through members′ mutual selection was examined in 14 experimental groups by comparison to control groups in different industrial settings in mainland China. Compared to work teams with assigned members, voluntarily formed work teams had higher work motivation and better performance. The results were interpreted in terms of cooperative expectations, self-determination, and specific cultural influences.
Early Intervention for Preschool-Age Children with ADHD

Preschool-age children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at-risk for expulsion from preschool settings due to disruptive, noncompliant behavior. Removal from preschool limits the child's exposure to preacademic instruction, socialization opportunities, and the structure of classrooms. In this review, the authors evaluate the efficacy of pharmacological, parent training, and behavioral interventions designed to manage the disruptive behavior of preschool children with ADHD. Twenty-six experimental articles were reviewed. Pharmacological intervention, which has received the most attention, was found to be generally effective, although not without problems due to side effects. Parent-training methods were found to be effective in the home setting, but minimal information has been collected on the generalization of these findings to the school setting. Very little research has been devoted to the use of behavior management in the school setting, but results from those studies that have been done appear promising. Issues regarding future research and the use of these interventions to prepare the preschool-age child with ADHD for kindergarten are discussed.
Optimizing the Pore Structure of Bio-Based ACFs through a Simple KOH–Steam Reactivation

Highly microporous bio-based activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were prepared through a simple reactivation method. Sawdust, as the starting material, was liquefied and melt-spun to produce the precursor fibers. Then, the precursor fibers were activated by KOH and reactivated by steam. By varying the conditions of the two activation processes, the formation mechanism of the pore structure was studied, and the result showed that steam reactivation has a positive effect on the development of microporosity. The sample with the optimal condition exhibited the highest specific surface area of 2578 m2·g−1 as well as the largest pore volume of 1.425 cm3·g−1, where micropores contributed 70.3%. Due to its excellent texture properties, the ACF exhibited a high adsorption capacity of 1934 mg/g for iodine.
Compact Metallic RFID Tag Antennas With a Loop-Fed Method

Several compact, low profile and metal-attachable RFID tag antennas with a loop-fed method are proposed for UHF RFID systems. The structure of the proposed antennas comprise of two parts: (1) The radiator part consists of two shorted patches, which can be treated as two quarter-wave patch antennas or a cavity. (2) A small loop printed on the paper serves as the feeding structure. The small loop provides the needed inductance for the tag and is connected to the RFID chip. The input impedance of the antenna can be easily adjusted by changing loop dimensions. The antenna has the compact size of 80 mm × 25 mm × 3.5 mm, and the realized gain about dB. The measured results show that these antennas have good performance when attached onto metallic surfaces.
Social Cognitive Predictors of Academic Interests and Goals in South Korean Engineering Students

The purpose of this study was to investigate the applicability of social cognitive career theory (SCCT) in a cross-cultural setting by examining the relationships between the social cognitive variables of South Korean engineering students and their engineering interests and major choice goals across university type and gender. Participants (N = 660) completed measures of academic self-efficacy, coping self-efficacy, outcome expectations, engineering interests, contextual supports and barriers, and major choice goals. The results of the study revealed that the SCCT interest and major choice model offered an adequate overall fit to the full sample. The findings also indicated that the SCCT interest and choice model provided an acceptable fit to the data across university type and gender. The implications of the findings on practice for counseling South Korean engineering college students are discussed.
Natural variation in phytochrome signaling.

The phytochromes, photoreceptors sensitive to red and far-red light, are critical for sensing foliage shade, canopy breaks, and neighbor proximity. A combination of molecular genetic, evolutionary, and ecological techniques are being used to understand how phytochromes function in the natural environment. We discuss studies on the adaptive value of phytochrome mediated plasticity, as well as the role that variation in phytochrome expression and function might play in allowing plants to adapt to unique light environments. Continued study of phytochrome signaling variation may reveal how natural selection acts at the molecular level.
The Annual Meeting of the Nutrition Society and the British Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Was Held at the Hilton Brighton Metropole, Brighton on 1– Glucose Control in the Intensive Care Unit: How It Is Done

Hyperglycaemia occurs in the majority of critically-ill patients, partly because patients are hypercatabolic and consequently have increased glucose levels and partly because of insulin resistance. Hyperglycaemia is associated with increased mortality in critical illness. In 2001 it was shown that mortality and other complications of critical illness can be decreased by adopting 'tight' glycaemic control (4. 1–6. 4 mmol/l). The critical care world adopted tight glycaemic control enthusiastically, until it became apparent that profound life-threatening hypoglycaemia could result. Most clinicians, currently, have adopted regimens aiming to control glucose between 4 and 8 mmol/l. Practising this regimen safely requires attention to detail. Patients must be provided with energy as well as insulin; preferably via the enteral route, but parenterally if necessary. Insulin is administered according to a relatively simple scale that is adjustable by nursing staff according to patients' glucose results. Frequent glucose measurement is essential to success, along with using visual charting that makes sudden changes in blood glucose levels obvious. There are several 'champions' of safe implementation of glucose control in the intensive care unit at the Royal Liverpool University Hospital who are educators and who feed results back to staff regularly. Further studies will clarify the ultimate role of tight glycaemic control, but it can be done safely with meticulous attention to detail. One of the most important changes that has occurred in the practice of critical care over the past 5 years has been the introduction of 'tight' glycaemic control for patients in the intensive care unit; i.e. keeping blood glucose between 4. 1 and 6. 4 mmol/l (Van Den Berghe et al. 2001, 2006; Krinsley, 2004) to improve outcome. Tight glycaemic control is part of the 'Surviving Sepsis' campaign targets (Dellinger et al. 2004) and has been adopted as a marker of quality delivery in critical care. The present paper will review the evidence that being hyperglycaemic is bad for critically ill patients, and that glucose control might be good. The problems and pitfalls standing in the way of implementing a strategy for tight glycaemic control in critical care will also be discussed, and a description will be given of how it has been implemented at the Royal Liverpool University Hospital intensive care unit. Why do critically-ill patients become hyperglycaemic? Hyperglycaemia (i.e. blood glucose levels >6. 4 mmol/l) occurs in as many as 75 % of critically-ill patients (Van Den Berghe et al. 2001; Marik & …
Teachers’ Analyses of Classroom Video Predict Student Learning of Mathematics: Further Explorations of a Novel Measure of Teacher Knowledge

This study explores the relationship between teacher knowledge and student learning in the area of mathematics by developing and evaluating an innovative approach to assessing teacher knowledge. This approach is based on teachers’ analyses of classroom video clips. Teachers watched 13 video clips of classroom instruction and then provided written comments on the interactions of the teacher, students, and content. The quality of teachers’ analyses, coded using an objective rubric, are shown to be reliable and valid, relating both to another widely used measure of teacher knowledge and to teachers’ own students’ learning (from pre- to posttest).
How do Motor Systems Deal with the Problems of Controlling Three-Dimensional Rotations?

Abstract Rotations are fundamental to motor control, not only for orienting to stimuli but also in the joint articulations that underlie translational movements. Studying three-dimensional (3-D) rotations of the simplest joint system, the eye, has provided general insights into the neural control of movement. First, in selecting one 3-D eye orientation for each two-dimensional (2-D) gaze direction, the oculomotor system generates a behavior called Listing's law that constrains eye position to a 2-D plane, Listing's plane. This selection is made internally by an inverse kinematic transformation called the Listing's law operator. Second, the oculomotor system incorporates the inherent multiplicative relationship between rotational velocity and position to generate the 3-D movement and position commands required by Listing's law. Finally, the coordinate systems for these commands appear to align with Listing's plane rather than with anatomic structures. Recent investigations have revealed similar behavioral .
Kindergarten teachers adjust their teaching practices in accordance with children’s academic pre‐skills

This study examined the extent to which kindergarten children’s academic pre‐skills are associated with their teachers’ subsequent teaching practices. The pre‐skills in reading and math of 1268 children (655 boys, 613 girls) were measured in kindergarten in the fall. A pair of trained observers used the Classroom Assessment Scoring System instrument to observe 49 kindergarten teachers on their emotional support, classroom organisation and instructional support in kindergarten in the spring. The results of the multilevel modelling showed that low levels of academic pre‐skills in kindergarten classrooms in the fall predicted high classroom quality in the classrooms later on. The results suggest that the overall level of children’s academic pre‐skills in the classroom plays an important role in the ways in which teachers adapt their instructional practices to the needs of a particular classroom.
The dwarf-1 (dt) Mutant of Zea mays blocks three steps in the gibberellin-biosynthetic pathway.

In plants, gibberellin (GA)-responding mutants have been used as tools to identify the genes that control specific steps in the GA-biosynthetic pathway. They have also been used to determine which native GAs are active per se, i.e., further metabolism is not necessary for bioactivity. We present metabolic evidence that the D1 gene of maize (Zea mays L.) controls the three biosynthetic steps: GA20 to GA1, Ga20 to GA5, and GA5 to GA3. We also present evidence that three gibberellins, GA1, GA5, and GA3, have per se activity in stimulating shoot elongation in maize. The metabolic evidence comes from the injection of [17-13C,3H]GA20 and [17-13C,3H]GA5 into seedlings of d1 and controls (normal and d5), followed by isolation and identification of the 13C-labeled metabolites by full-scan GC-MS and Kovats retention index. For the controls, GA20 was metabolized to GA1,GA3, and GA5; GA5 was metabolized to GA3. For the d1 mutant, GA20 was not metabolized to GA1, GA3, or to GA5, and GA5 was not metabolized to GA3. The bioassay evidence is based on dosage response curves using d1 seedlings for assay. GA1, GA3, and GA5 had similar bioactivities, and they were 10-times more active than GA20.
Art, Ideology, and Everyday Space: Subversive Tendencies from Dada to Postmodernism

This is a paper about the transgression of the boundary between art and everyday space. It traces the development of a practical and theoretical critique of this divide from Dada and surrealism to situationism and postmodernism, whilst showing how these movements have themselves often perpetuated a specialized notion of cultural production. The ultimate failure of these movements, with the exception of situationism, to develop a coherent and effective challenge to the dualism art—everyday space is related to their reliance upon the artistic ideologies of antiart, indifference, and spontaneism.
The Development of an Actuarial Model for Arson Recidivism

To develop an actuarial model for arson recidivism, we studied individuals who were convicted of an arson-related offence between 1985 and 1994 in New Zealand (N = 1250). Over a 10-year follow-up, recidivism rates for arson, violent and general offending were 6.2, 48.5 and 79.3%, respectively. A cross-validation strategy was used in which predictive models for arson, violent and non-violent recidivism were developed with Cox regression on a random half of cases, while the other half was used to test the models. Results showed that the model significantly predicted arson recidivism in the validation sample (AUC = .68): Offenders who were under 18 years old, had multiple arsons at the criterion hearing date, and more prior vandalism offences were more likely to commit another arson. Results suggest that different variables predict arson compared with violent and general recidivism, and support the use of actuarial models to identify high-risk arson offenders.
JORGE ARANGO | ARCHITECTURES

We live in strange times. Governments are being brought down by people congregating in “virtual space”, while century-old media empires are crumbling as their traditional business is decimated by “digital editions”. We meet with friends in Facebook, as opposed to face-to-face, and “log in” to our bank in order to pay our bills. In short, it’s become clear that digital space is taking over from physical space as the container for ever more of our day-today interactions with our institutions and with other people.
Social Service Staffing in U.S. Nursing Homes

Using data from the 2003 national Online Survey Certification and Reporting System, this study examines how the structure of social service staffing in nursing homes is affected by organizational and contextual factors. The results suggest that, although federal regulations impose minimal obligation, requiring only facilities with more than 120 beds to employ qualified social service providers, nearly 12 percent of these facilities failed to meet this staffing requirement in 2003. Results further suggest that the skill mix of social service providers in nursing homes is influenced by market competition, market demand, facility ownership, aggregate resident acuity, and the proportion of facility residents funded by Medicare.
Brain Activation Induced by Estimation of Duration: A PET Study

Duration information about a visual stimulus requires processing as do other visual features such as size or intensity. Using positron emission tomography, iterative H215O infusions, and statistical parametric mapping, we investigated the neural correlates of time processing. Nine normal subjects underwent six serial rCBF. Three tasks were studied: (a) A temporal generalization task (D task) in which the subjects had to judge (by pressing one of two keys) whether the duration of the illumination of a green LED was equal to or different from that of a previously presented standard; (b) An intensity generalization task (I task) in which the judgment concerned the intensity of the LED; and (c) A control task (C task) in which the subjects had to press one of the two keys at random in response to LED illumination. A significant increase in rCBF during the D task, compared to that during the C task, was observed in right prefontal cortex, right inferior parietal lobule, anterior cingulate cortex, vermis, and a region corresponding to the left fusiform gyrus. A significant increase in rCBF during the I task, compared to that during the C task, was observed in right prefontal cortex, right inferior parietal lobule, right extrastriate cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, left inferior parietal lobule, vermis, and two symmetrical regions corresponding to the fusiform gyri. No significant activation was observed in the D task when compared to that in the I task. We propose that these cortical maps are best explained by the recruitment of visual attention and memory structures, which play a major role in prospective time judgements as indicated by behavioral studies. The data also suggest that the temporal dimension of a visual stimulus is processed in the same areas as other visual attributes.
Asch fails again

The social conformity paradigm of Asch (1956) was modified to make the test stimuli more ambiguous, and thus to increase the likelihood of obtaining conformity. With the same aim, both anonymous and individuated conditions were used. As with a previous attempt to replicate Asch (Perrin & Spencer, 1981), no conformity was observed. The Asch effect appears to be an unpredictable phenomenon rather than a stable tendency of human behavior.
Building Reading Fluency in a Learning-Disabled Middle School Reader

This case study describes a year-long, tutorial intervention with a disfluent eighth-grade reader. Focused instruction, including guided reading at the appropriate instructional level (4th grade), repeated readings, and home tape-recorder readings, led the student to improve his reading rate by 33% (75 wpm to 100 wpm). Formative and summative evidence is provided, along with both pedagogical and process-related explanations for the intervention's success. Finally, the student's improvement is contextualized in the reality of him entering ninth-grade reading at a fourth-grade level.
Restructuring Effects of Deregulation: The Case of the New Zealand Taxi Industry

In most countries the taxi industry is highly regulated and in cases where deregulation has been attempted, positive outcomes have not always been evident. The taxi industry was one of the very last to be deregulated by the New Zealand government as part of its sweeping restructuring of the country's industry in the 1980s. The author looks at the impact of that 1989 Act. The 1989 legislation, which removed the quantitative controls (deregulation), has been followed by a tripling of the number of companies in the metropolitan centres and a massive increase in the number of taxi cabs. A much wider range of taxi services now exploit different market segments and offer a wider geographic coverage. These changes have been accompanied by a decline in fares in real, if not nominal, terms. As expected, the influx of new players has necessitated the imposition of additional quality controls. Customers have benefited from greater numbers of cabs, shorter waiting times, and a greater range of services. Many more driving jobs have been opened up, although this is widely believed to have been accompanied by reduced incomes and longer hours until the market expanded. The larger firms which existed prior to deregulation have attempted to consolidate their market share in the face of increased competition from newer taxi organisations. There has also been increased competition between taxi and public transport operations as a variety of taxi companies tender for selected routes.
The impact of student learning styles on interviewing skills and academic performance

Background: Many U.S. medical schools struggle to identify how to teach students the content and skills needed to communicate effectively with patients. Some schools have developed predoctoral curricula emphasizing both biomedical and psychosocial dimensions of patient care. It is important to identify whether this approach has a measurable impact on doctor‐patient communication. Purpose: This study examined the impact of learning styles on 200 Ist‐year medical students’ academic performance and interviewing skills. Methods: Analysis of variance were conducted comparing academic performance and interviewing skills across 4 learning styles in Kolb ‘s Learning Style Inventory. Results: Findings revealed statistically significant differences in academic performance (p < .05) and interviewing skills (p < .05) by students’ learning styles. Conclusions: Students possess different learning styles that influence their success in medical school. Educators can vary their teaching methods to ensure that students, re.
How Well Does the U.S. Social Insurance System Provide Social Insurance?

We analyze the insurance provided by the U.S. social security and income tax system within a model in which agents receive idiosyncratic, wage rate shocks that are privately observed. We consider two reforms: a piecemeal reform that optimally chooses the social security benefit function and a radical reform that eliminates the entire social insurance system and replaces it with an optimal tax on lifetime earnings. The radical reform outperforms the piecemeal reform and achieves nearly all of the maximum possible welfare gain when wages differ permanently over the lifetime. When wage shocks match properties in U.S. data, the piecemeal reform outperforms the radical reform.