Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of vancomycin on intestinal flora of patients who previously received antimicrobial therapy.

To evaluate the ecological disturbances of peroral vancomycin administration following cephalosporin administration, 20 healthy volunteers received cefuroxime axetil tablets (250 mg) perorally twice a day for 1 week, and 10 of these volunteers subsequently received vancomycin capsules (125 mg) perorally four times daily for 7 days. The concentration of vancomycin in feces after 1 week of vancomycin administration was high (mean +/- SD, 520 +/- 197 mg/kg), which correlated with the ecological disturbances noted in the vancomycin recipients. Vancomycin administration resulted in a rapid decrease in the numbers of intestinal Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus durans (P < or = .05), while there was a significant emergence of motile enterococci with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin (Enterococcus gallinarum and Enterococcus casseliflavus; minimum inhibitory concentration, 4-16 mg/L) (P < or = .01). Because of vancomycin administration, there was also a significant overgrowth of vancomycin-resistant Pediococcus species and lactobacilli as well as of Klebsiella species, Citrobacter species, and Enterobacter species (P < or = .01). The numbers of bifidobacteria and Bacteroides species were significantly reduced during vancomycin administration. None of the enterococcal strains carried vanA or vanB. Twenty-two of the 27 motile enterococci carried the vanC-1 gene specific for E. gallinarum, whereas five strains carried the vanC-2(C-3) gene, thus implicating that they were E. casseliflavus or Enterococcus flavescens.
Entrepreneurs under Uncertainty: An Economic Experiment

This study reports findings from the first large scale experiment investigating whether entrepreneurs differ from other people in their willingness to expose themselves to various forms of uncertainty in decision tasks. A stratified random sample of 700 CEOs from the Yangzi delta region in China is compared to 200 control group members. Our findings suggest that entrepreneurs’ seem to be more willing to accept some forms of strategic uncertainty related to multilateral competition and trust. In contrast, entrepreneurs do not seem to differ from ordinary people when it comes to non-strategic forms of uncertainty, such as risk and ambiguity
Spell Checking in Spanish: The Case of Diacritic Accents

This article presents the problem of diacritic restoration (or diacritization) in the context of spell-checking, with the focus on an orthographically rich language such as Spanish. We argue that despite the large volume of work published on the topic of diacritization, currently available spell-checking tools have still not found a proper solution to the problem in those cases where both forms of a word are listed in the checker’s dictionary. This is the case, for instance, when a word form exists with and without diacritics, such as continuo ‘continuous’ and continu´ ‘he/she/it continued’, or when different diacritics make other word distinctions, as in contin´ uo ‘I continue’. We propose a very simple solution based on a word bigram model derived from correctly typed Spanish texts and evaluate the ability of this model to restore diacritics in artificial as well as real errors. The case of diacritics is only meant to be an example of the possible applications for this idea, yet we believe that the same method could be applied to other kinds of orthographic or even grammatical errors. Moreover, given that no explicit linguistic knowledge is required, the proposed model can be used with other languages provided that a large normative corpus is available.
Class I and IIa Histone Deacetylases Have Opposite Effects on Sclerostin Gene Regulation

Background: Gene regulation of the bone repressor sclerostin (SOST) is only poorly understood. Results: SOST gene suppression by parathyroid hormone is partially mediated by HDAC5 inhibiting MEF2, and SOST gene expression requires class I HDAC activity. Conclusion: SOST gene expression is negatively regulated by HDAC5 and positively by class I HDACs. Significance: Class I HDAC inhibitors represent a novel approach for bone forming osteoporosis therapies. Adult bone mass is controlled by the bone formation repressor sclerostin (SOST). Previously, we have shown that intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) bone anabolic therapy involves SOST expression reduction by inhibiting myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2), which activates a distant bone enhancer. Here, we extended our SOST gene regulation studies by analyzing a role of class I and IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs), which are known regulators of MEF2s. Expression analysis using quantitative PCR (qPCR) showed high expression of HDACs 1 and 2, lower amounts of HDACs 3, 5, and 7, low amounts of HDAC4, and no expression of HDACs 8 and 9 in constitutively SOST-expressing UMR106 osteocytic cells. PTH-induced Sost suppression was associated with specific rapid nuclear accumulation of HDAC5 and co-localization with MEF2s in nuclear speckles requiring serine residues 259 and 498, whose phosphorylations control nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. Increasing nuclear levels of HDAC5 in UMR106 by blocking nuclear export with leptomycin B (LepB) or overexpression in transient transfection assays inhibited endogenous Sost transcription and reporter gene expression, respectively. This repressor effect of HDAC5 did not require catalytic activity using specific HDAC inhibitors. In contrast, inhibition of class I HDAC activities and expression using RNA interference suppressed constitutive Sost expression in UMR106 cells. An unbiased comprehensive search for involved HDAC targets using an acetylome analysis revealed several non-histone proteins as candidates. These findings suggest that PTH-mediated Sost repression involves nuclear accumulation of HDAC inhibiting the MEF2-dependent Sost bone enhancer, and class I HDACs are required for constitutive Sost expression in osteocytes.
Corpora and discourse : The challenges of different settings

1. 1. The challenges of different settings: An overview (by Adel, Annelie) 2. Section I. Exploring discourse in academic settings 3. 2. '. post-colonialism, multi-culturalism, structuralism, feminism, post-modernism and so on and so forth': A comparative analysis of vague category markers in academic discourse (by Walsh, Steve) 4. 3. Emphatics in academic discourse: Integrating corpus and discourse tools in the study of cross-disciplinary variation (by Bondi, Marina) 5. 4. Interaction, identity and culture in academic writing: The case of German, British and American academics in the humanities (by Sanderson, Tamsin) 6. Section II. Exploring discourse in workplace settings 7. 5. 'Got a date or something? ': A corpus analysis of the role of humour and laughter in the workplace meetings of English language teachers (by Vaughan, Elaine) 8. 6. Determining discourse-based moves in professional reports (by Flowerdew, Lynne) 9. 7. // --> ONE country two SYStems //: The discourse intonation patterns of word associations (by Cheng, Winnie) 10. Section III. Exploring discourse in news and entertainment 11. 8. Who's speaking? : Evidentiality in US newspapers during the 2004 presidential campaign (by Garretson, Gregory) 12. 9. Television dialogue and natural conversation: Linguistic similarities and functional differences (by Quaglio, Paulo) 13. 10. A corpus approach to discursive construction of hip-hop identity (by Beers-Fagersten, Kristy) 14. Section IV. Exploring discourse through specific linguistic features 15. 11. The use of the it-cleft construction in 19th-century English (by Johansson, Christine) 16. 12. Place and time adverbials in native and non-native English student writing (by Crawford, William J.) 17. Author index 18. Corpus and tools index 19. Subject index
VO2: Peierls or Mott-Hubbard? A view from band theory.

The electronic and structural properties of ${\mathrm{VO}}_{2}$ across its metal-insulator transition are studied using the local-density approximation. Band theory finds a monoclinic distorted ground state in good agreement with experiment, and an almost open gap to charge excitations. Although rigid criteria for distinguishing correlated from band insulators are not available, these findings suggest that ${\mathrm{VO}}_{2}$ may be more bandlike than correlated.
Phorbol ester binding to chemotactically responding and nonresponding Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cells.

Phorbol esters induce, in the chemotactically responsive Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cells, functional responses that are similar to those induced by peptide chemotactic factors. These responses are presumed to result from ligand binding to cellular receptors, although this has not been formally demonstrated. In this study, it was shown that tritium-labeled phorbol dibutyrate [( 3H]PDB) bound to the Walker cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Binding was inhibited by excess unlabeled PDB and was reversible. Half-maximal binding was achieved with a 31 nM concentration of [3H]PDB and occurred within 15 min after addition of the ligand. This is in accord with biological activity (i.e., cell-to-substrate adherence). Half-maximal cell adherence was observed with 25 nM PDB. Increased adhesiveness was detected as early as 15 min after exposure of the cells to the ligand. The response peaked at 30 to 45 min after exposure and fell off rapidly thereafter. A number of phorbol esters successfully competed with [3H]PDB binding to the cells. There was a direct relationship between the ability of these agents to compete for binding and their ability to induce biological activity. Using cell-to-substrate adherence as an indicator of biological activity allowed separation of responding and nonresponding populations. The biologically responsive cells and the nonresponsive cells both bound high levels of [3H]PDB. This suggests that receptor occupancy is, by itself, not sufficient for biological activity and that, in Walker cells, one or more points of control exist subsequent to ligand binding.
The development of malignant tumors of the face in rats after prolonged treatment with thiourea.

Summary Malignant tumors of the face were observed in five out of six rats treated for more than a year with thiourea. The treatment consisted of intermittent intraperitoneal injections of large doses of thiourea for 6 months followed by continuous administration of 0.2 per cent thiourea in the drinking water. The pathogenesis of the tumors is discussed.
An exploratory study of leader-member exchange in China, and the role of Guanxi in the LMX process

This thesis investigated how guanxi was related to exchange relationships between supervisors and subordinates in China. Since guanxi is a relationship-based phenomenon and extends into all levels and domains of Chinese society, it was argued that it would be associated with the relationships that were established between supervisors and subordinates. This thesis used a model of both 'supervisors and subordinates' perspectives of leader member exchange (LMX) and the impact of guanxi on those relationships. The thesis replicated some established relationships, and then added to the literature by providing an elaboration of how guanxi is related to LMX through its different dimensions. A multi-dimensional approach to LMX and a differential behaviours approach to guanxi were used to test hypotheses. In order to establish guanxi's influence on leadership relations in China, this thesis used LMX as the dependent variable, which was measured using the multi-dimensional LMX-MDM scale. The thesis first tested the variables of perceived similarity, perceived liking and perceived subordinate performance as antecedents of LMX, since previous research in western countries had found them to be predictors of LMX (Engle & Lord 1997; Kacmar et al. 2009; Liden et al. 1993). Guanxi was introduced as a moderating variable, since it was hypothesized that it would influence the relationships between the three predictor variables and LMX-MDM.
Evaluating School Impairment With Adolescents Using the Classroom Performance Survey

Abstract. School impairment is often defined in terms of impairment in academic progress (i.e., poor grades). Poor academic performance can occur for several reasons, including poor homework completion, being off task during class lectures, and inefficient study habits. However, school impairment can include other factors such as a student's inability to interact with teachers and peers and the inability to ask for help when needed. The current study evaluates the Classroom Performance Survey, a measure that includes items pertaining to areas of strengths and weakness for students and specifically designed to assess functioning in secondary schools. Using data from 875 high school students, results from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed two factors, Academic Competence and Interpersonal Competence. Normative data on the measure for adolescents are presented and implications for practice and intervention development are discussed.
Fragmentation characteristics of hydroxycinnamic acids in ESI-MSn by density functional theory.

This work aims to analyze the electrospray ionization multistage mass spectrometry (ESI-MSn ) fragmentation characteristics of hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) in negative ion mode. The geometric parameters, energies, natural bond orbitals and frontier orbitals of fragments were calculated by density functional theory (DFT) to investigate mass spectral fragmentation mechanisms. The results showed that proton transfer always occurred during fragmentation of HCAs; their quasi-molecular ions ([M - H]- ) existed in more than one form and were mainly with the lowest energy. The fragmentation characteristics included the followings: (1) according to the different substitution position of phenolic hydroxyl group, the ring contraction reaction by CO elimination from benzene was in an increasingly difficult order: m-phenolic hydroxyl > p-phenolic hydroxyl > o-phenolic hydroxyl; and (2) ortho effect always occurred in o-dihydroxycinnamic acids (o-diHCAs), i.e. one phenolic hydroxyl group offered H+ , which combined with the other one to lose H2 O. In addition, there was a nucleophilic reaction during ring contraction in diHCAs that oxygen atom attacked the carbon atom binding with the other phenolic hydroxyl to lose CO2 . The fragmentation characteristics and mechanism of HCAs could be used for analysis and identification of such compounds quickly and effectively, and as reference for structural analogues by ESI-MS. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Able and gifted: judging by appearances?

In this article I reflect upon an aspect of my research involving Year 6 pupils identified by their teachers as ‘able’ or ‘gifted’ in mathematics, using ‘able’ to refer to high achievers and ‘gifted’ to exceptionally high achievers. I discuss the differences I observed between the able and gifted when solving mathematical tasks, and consider what these differences may mean for professionals involved in identifying gifted pupils. I speculate that teachers’ judgements are highly influenced by those aspects of achievement that are readily visible, such as answering questions quickly, and discuss the potential problems associated with judging by appearances.
Rates and Determinants of Coronary and Abdominal Aortic Artery Calcium Progression in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT)

OBJECTIVE To determine the predictors of progression of calcified atherosclerosis and the effect of intensive glycemic control on this process in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS As part of the Risk Factors, Atherosclerosis, and Clinical Events in Diabetes (RACED) substudy of the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT), 197 and 189 individuals with type 2 diabetes received baseline and follow-up computed tomographic scans for measurement of coronary and abdominal artery calcium, respectively. Standard and novel risk factors were assessed at baseline, and progression of calcified atherosclerosis was determined by several methods. Progression was defined both as a categorical (square root increase of volumetric scores ≥2.5 mm3) and continuous variable. In addition, annualized percent change of volume scores was determined. RESULTS After an average follow-up of 4.6 years, >75% of individuals demonstrated coronary (CAC) and abdominal artery calcification (AAC) progression. Progression increased with higher baseline calcium categories but was not influenced by standard risk factors. However, the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) (P = 0.02) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) (P = 0.01) predicted progression of CAC, and these results were not altered by adjustment for age and other traditional risk factors. Treatment assignment (intensive versus standard) within the VADT did not influence CAC or AAC progression, irrespective of baseline calcium category. CONCLUSIONS In patients with long-standing type 2 diabetes, baseline CAC, Lp-PLA2, and ACR predicted progression of CAC. Intensive glycemic control during the VADT did not reduce progression of calcified atherosclerosis.
Stochastic Joint Optimization of Wind Generation and Pumped-Storage Units in an Electricity Market

One of the main characteristics of wind power is the inherent variability and unpredictability of the generation source, even in the short-term. To cope with this drawback, hydro pumped-storage units have been proposed in the literature as a good complement to wind generation due to their ability to manage positive and negative energy imbalances over time. This paper investigates the combined optimization of a wind farm and a pumped-storage facility from the point of view of a generation company in a market environment. The optimization model is formulated as a two-stage stochastic programming problem with two random parameters: market prices and wind generation. The optimal bids for the day-ahead spot market are the ldquohere and nowrdquo decisions while the optimal operation of the facilities are the recourse variables. A joint configuration is modeled and compared with an uncoordinated operation. A realistic example case is presented where the developed models are tested with satisfactory results.
Annulus Fibrosus Cell Characteristics Are a Potential Source of Intervertebral Disc Pathogenesis

In the end stage of intervertebral disc degeneration, cartilage, bone, endothelial cells, and neurons appear in association with the worsening condition. The origin of the abnormal cells is not clear. This study investigated the properties of progenitor cells in the annulus fibrosus (AF) using one in vitro and two in vivo models. Cultivation of rabbit AF cells with chondrogenic media significantly increased expressions of collagen and aggrecan. Upon exposure to osteogenic conditions, the cultures showed increased mineralization and expression of osteopontin, runx2, and bmp2 genes. Two models were used in the in vivo subcutaneous implantation experiments: 1) rabbit AF tissue in a demineralized bone matrix (DBM) cylinder (DBM/AF), and, 2) rat intact and needle punctured lumbar discs. Bone formation in the AF tissue was detected and hypertrophic chondrocytes and osteoblasts were present 1 month after implantation of the DBM/AF to nude mice. In addition to collagen I and II, immunostaining shows collagen X and osteocalcin expression in DBM/AF specimens 4 months after implantation. Similar changes were detected in the injured discs. Almost the entire needle punctured disc had ossified at 6 months. The results suggest that AF cells have characteristics of progenitor cells and, under appropriate stimuli, are capable of differentiating into chondrocytes and osteoblasts in vitro as well as in vivo. Importantly, these cells may be a target for biological treatment of disc degeneration.
Digital information support for concept design

This paper outlines the issues in effective utilisation of digital resources in conceptual design. Access to appropriate information acts as a stimulus and can lead to better substantiated concepts. The issues of presenting such information in a digital form for effective use are addressed in a review of digital libraries and groupware, with improved integration of these two technologies advocated to better support the concept generation task. The development of the LauLima learning environment and digital library is consequently outlined. Despite its attempts to integrate the designers' working space and digital resources, continuing issues in library utilisation and the migration of information to design concepts are highlighted through a project study. In light of this, new approaches to interaction for increased information use are outlined.
Faceplant: Impression (Mis)management in Facebook Status Updates

While recent research examined the impressions projected by users of Social Network Sites through their relatively static online profiles, the addition of status updates to Facebook offers the opportunity to study a more fluid type of impression management. In this paper, we take a first look at data collected with a custom application designed to capture the impressions both “given” and “given off” by a user’s status updates. We show that while users generally succeed at presenting a positive image of themselves, they are only partially aware of how they are coming across and tend to underestimate the strength of the impressions they foster. This is particularly prevalent in the case of self-importance, giving credence to the notion that projecting an inflated sense of self can be a risk in a world where impressions are formed based on “micro updates. ”
Neuroligin 2 R215H Mutant Mice Manifest Anxiety, Increased Prepulse Inhibition, and Impaired Spatial Learning and Memory

Neuroligin 2 (NLGN2) is a postsynaptic adhesion protein that plays an essential role in synaptogenesis and function of inhibitory neuron. We previously identified a missense mutation R215H of the NLGN2 in a patient with schizophrenia. This missense mutation was shown to be pathogenic in several cell-based assays. The objective of this study was to better understand the behavioral consequences of this mutation in vivo. We generated a line of transgenic mice carrying this mutation using a recombinant-based method. The mice were subjected to a battery of behavioral tests including open field locomotor activity assay, prepulse inhibition (PPI) assay, accelerated rotarod test, novel location and novel recognition tests, elevated plus-maze (EPM) test, and Morris water maze test. The transgenic animals were viable and fertile, but the Nlgn2 R215H knock-in (KI) homozygous mice showed growth retardation, anxiety-like behavior, increased PPI, and impaired spatial learning and memory. There was no significant interaction between sex and genotype in most behavioral tests; however, we observed a significant interaction between sex and genotype in EPM test in this study. Also, we found that the Nlgn2 R215H homozygous KI mice did not express the NLGN2 protein, resembling Nlgn2 knockout mice. Our results demonstrate that Nlgn2 R215H KI homozygous mice manifest several behavioral abnormalities similar to those found in psychiatric patients carrying NLGN2 mutations, indicating that dysfunction of NLGN2 contributes to the pathogenesis of certain psychiatric symptoms commonly present in various mental disorders, not limited to schizophrenia.