Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The growth of supermassive black holes in pseudo-bulges, classical bulges and elliptical galaxies

Using results from structural analysis of a sample of nearly 1000 local galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we estimate how the mass in central black holes is distributed amongst elliptical galaxies, classical bulges and pseudo-bulges, and investigate the relation between their stellar masses and central stellar velocity dispersion σ. Assuming a single relation between elliptical galaxy/bulge mass, M Bulge , and central black hole mass, M BH , we find that 55 +8 -4 per cent of the mass in black holes in the local universe is in the centres of elliptical galaxies, 41 +4 - 2 per cent in classical bulges and 4 +0-9 -0.4 per cent in pseudo-bulges. We find that ellipticals, classical bulges and pseudo-bulges follow different relations between their stellar masses and σ, and the most significant offset occurs for pseudo-bulges in barred galaxies. This structural dissimilarity leads to discrepant black hole masses if single M BH -M Bulge and M BH -σ relations are used. Adopting relations from the literature, we find that the M BH -σ relation yields an estimate of the total mass density in black holes that is roughly 55 per cent larger than if the M BH -M Bulge relation is used.
Some Evidence on the Reliability and Validity of the Biggs Study Process Questionnaire with Filipino Children

An investigation of the high school version of Biggs's Study Process Questionnaire (SPQHS) with 275 Filipino secondary school children found satisfactory scale internal consistency reliability coefficients and significant correlations with school grades (but not IQ) for two of the three SPQHS scales. However, factor analysis failed to support Biggs's proposed structure of the SPQHS, perhaps because of the existence of an acquiescence response set.
Can an Increase in Celiac Disease Be Attributed to an Increase in the Gluten Content of Wheat as a Consequence of Wheat Breeding?

In response to the suggestion that an increase in the incidence of celiac disease might be attributable to an increase in the gluten content of wheat resulting from wheat breeding, a survey of data from the 20th and 21st centuries for the United States was carried out. The results do not support the likelihood that wheat breeding has increased the protein content (proportional to gluten content) of wheat in the United States. Possible roles for changes in the per capita consumption of wheat flour and the use of vital gluten as a food additive are discussed.
The kinesin-like protein TOP promotes Aurora localisation and induces mitochondrial, chloroplast and nuclear division

Summary The cell cycle usually refers to the mitotic cycle, but the cell-division cycle in the plant kingdom consists of not only nuclear but also mitochondrial and chloroplast division cycle. However, an integrated control system that initiates division of the three organelles has not been found. We report that a novel C-terminal kinesin-like protein, three-organelle division-inducing protein (TOP), controls nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast divisions in the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. A proteomics study revealed that TOP is a member of a complex of mitochondrial-dividing (MD) and plastid-dividing (PD) machineries (MD/PD machinery complex) just prior to constriction. After TOP localizes at the MD/PD machinery complex, mitochondrial and chloroplast divisions occur and the components of the MD/PD machinery complexes are phosphorylated. Furthermore, we found that TOP downregulation impaired both mitochondrial and chloroplast divisions. MD/PD machinery complexes were formed normally at each division site but they were neither phosphorylated nor constricted in these cells. Immunofluorescence signals of Aurora kinase (AUR) were localized around the MD machinery before constriction, whereas AUR was dispersed in the cytosol by TOP downregulation, suggesting that AUR is required for the constriction. Taken together our results suggest that TOP induces phosphorylation of MD/PD machinery components to accomplish mitochondrial and chloroplast divisions prior to nuclear division, by relocalization of AUR. In addition, given the presence of TOP homologs throughout the eukaryotes, and the involvement of TOP in mitochondrial and chloroplast division may illuminate the original function of C-terminal kinesin-like proteins.
Enabling the Interoperability of Large-Scale Legacy Systems

Legacy system data models can interoperate only if their syntactic and semantic differences are resolved. To address this problem, we developed the Intelligent Mapping Toolkit (IMT), Which enables mixed-initiative mapping of metadata and instances between relational data models. IMT employs a distributed multi-agent architecture so that, unlike many other efforts, it can perform mapping tasks that involve thousands of schema elements. This architecture includes a novel federation of matching agents that leverage case-based reasoning methods. As part of our pre-deployment evaluation for USTRANSCOM and other DoD agencies, we evaluated IMT's mapping performance and scalability, We show that combinations of its matching agents are more effective than any that operate independently, and that they scale to realistic problems.
Narcissistic Fragility: Rethinking Its Links to Explicit and Implicit Self-esteem

Several studies have tested whether narcissism is a compensatory reaction to underlying ego fragility by examining narcissism's empirical links to both explicit self-esteem (ESE) and implicit self-esteem (ISE), under the general expectation that narcissists should exhibit an abundance of ESE but a dearth of ISE. However, not only have these studies yielded conflicting findings, they have also proceeded from divergent theoretical assumptions that shape the interpretation of their findings. Here, we draw out the implications of three prominent models of the interrelationships between narcissism, ESE, and ISE, before reassessing those interrelationships in a large multi-session study. Two (out of three) indices of ISE covaried negatively with narcissism, consistent with the view that ISE is a global marker for ego fragility. We contextualize our findings in terms of recent research and propose a new mechanism linking ISE to ego fragility.
Catching Herself In the Middle: How Chinese-American Adoptees and Their Parents Construct Narrative and Ethnic Identity

Since 1992, over 85,000 children have been adopted from China by U.S. citizens (MillerLoessi and Kilic 2001:246; U.S. Department of State 2013). Most of these adoptees are girls. They were abandoned as infants due the combined factors of patrilineal culture and to China's one-child per person policy. While a plethora of studies examine adoptive parents' experiences raising Chinese-American adoptees (CAAs), little research has been conducted on the lives of CAAs themselves. Utilizing previous literature on adoptive parents, I aim to uncover the beliefs and experiences of CAAs in regards to their narrative and ethnic identities. I conclude that adoptee identity is shaped by multiple factors, including parental approaches to birth/ethnic heritage, racism and bio-centrism from community members, and self-agency. Racism causes CAAs to question their ethnicities and family ties. From their parents, adoptees learn to seek out birth origins while still creating alternative adoptive beginnings; and to craft an ethnic identity from simplistic elements of Chinese culture. All the while, adoptees come up with novel and empowering interpretations of origins, race and Chinese society. They establish their own organizations to provide each other with support and pride. The conflicting and fluid beliefs of adoptees and their parents reflect the struggles of a diasporic population stuck
Incremental Management of Oversubscribed Vehicle Schedules in Dynamic Dial-A-Ride Problems

In this paper, we consider the problem of feasibly integrating new pick-up and delivery requests into existing vehicle itineraries in a dynamic, dial-a-ride problem (DARP) setting. Generalizing from previous work in oversubscribed task scheduling, we define a controlled iterative repair search procedure for finding an alternative set of vehicle itineraries in which the overall solution has been feasibly extended to include newly received requests. We first evaluate the performance of this technique on a set of DARP feasibility benchmark problems from the literature. We then consider its use on a real-world DARP problem, where it is necessary to accommodate all requests and constraints must be relaxed when a request cannot be feasibly integrated. For this latter analysis, we introduce a constraint relaxation post processing step and consider the performance impact of using our controlled iterative search over the current greedy search approach.
Nonlinear vibration analysis of an embedded multi-walled carbon nanotube

Based on the Reissner mixed variational theorem (RMVT), the authors present a nonlocal Timoshenko beam theory (TBT) for the nonlinear free vibration analysis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) embedded in an elastic medium. In this formulation, four different edge conditions of the embedded MWCNT are considered, two different models with regard to the van der Waals interaction between each pair of walls constituting the MWCNT are considered, and the interaction between the MWCNT and its surrounding medium is simulated using the Pasternak-type foundation. The motion equations of an individual wall and the associated boundary conditions are derived using Hamilton's principle, in which the von Karman geometrical nonlinearity is considered. Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory is used to account for the effects of the small length scale. Variations of the lowest frequency parameters with the maximum modal deflection of the embedded MWCNT are obtained using the differential quadrature method in conjunction with a direct iterative approach.
Synapse‐specific changes in serotonin signalling contribute to age‐related changes in the feeding behaviour of the pond snail, Lymnaea

This study utilised the pond snail, Lymnaea to examine the contribution that alterations in serotonergic signalling make to age‐related changes in feeding. Age‐related decreases in 5‐HIAA levels in feeding ganglia were positively correlated with a decrease in the number of sucrose‐evoked bites and negatively correlated with an increase in inter‐bite interval, implicating alterations in serotonergic signalling in the aged phenotype. Analysis of the serotonergic cerebral giant cell (CGC) input to the protraction motor neurone (B1) demonstrated that fluoxetine (10–100 nM) increased the amplitude/duration of the evoked EPSP in both young and middle aged but not in old neurones, suggesting an age‐related attenuation of the serotonin transporter. 5‐HT evoked a concentration‐dependent increase in the amplitude/duration of B1 EPSP, which was greater in old neurones compared to both young and middle aged. Conversely, the 5‐HT‐evoked depolarisation and conditional bursting of the swallow motor neurone (B4) were attenuated in old neurones, functions critical for a full feeding rhythm. The CGCs’ ability to excite B1 was blocked by cinanserin but not by methysergide. Conversely, the CGC to B4 connection was completely blocked by methysergide and only partially by cinanserin suggesting that age‐related changes may be receptor‐specific. In summary, synapse‐specific attenuation of the CGC‐B4 connection and enhancement of the CGC‐B1 connection would slow the swallow phase and maintain protraction, consistent with behavioural observations.
Impact of a Community Health Workers–Led Structured Program on Blood Glucose Control Among Latinos With Type 2 Diabetes: The DIALBEST Trial

OBJECTIVE Latinos with type 2 diabetes (T2D) face major healthcare access and disease management disparities. We examined the impact of the Diabetes Among Latinos Best Practices Trial (DIALBEST), a community health worker (CHW)–led structured intervention for improving glycemic control among Latinos with T2D. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 211 adult Latinos with poorly controlled T2D were randomly assigned to a standard of healthcare (n = 106) or CHW (n = 105) group. The CHW intervention comprised 17 individual sessions delivered at home by CHWs over a 12-month period. Sessions addressed T2D complications, healthy lifestyles, nutrition, healthy food choices and diet for diabetes, blood glucose self-monitoring, and medication adherence. Demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, anthropometric, and biomarker (HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile) data were collected at baseline and 3, 6, 12, and 18 months (6 months postintervention). Groups were equivalent at baseline. RESULTS Participants had high HbA1c at baseline (mean 9.58% [81.2 mmol/mol]). Relative to participants in the control group, CHWs had a positive impact on net HbA1c improvements at 3 months (−0.42% [−4.62 mmol/mol]), 6 months (−0.47% [−5.10 mmol/mol]), 12 months (−0.57% [−6.18 mmol/mol]), and 18 months (−0.55% [−6.01 mmol/mol]). The overall repeated-measures group effect was statistically significant (mean difference −0.51% [−5.57 mmol/mol], 95% CI −0.83, −0.19% [−9.11, −2.03 mmol/mol], P = 0.002). CHWs had an overall significant effect on fasting glucose concentration that was more pronounced at the 12- and 18-month visits. There was no significant effect on blood lipid levels, hypertension, and weight. CONCLUSIONS DIALBEST is an effective intervention for improving blood glucose control among Latinos with T2D.
The Biology of Autoimmune Response in the Scurfy Mice that Lack the CD4+Foxp3+ Regulatory T-Cells

Due to a mutation in the Foxp3 transcription factor, Scurfy mice lack regulatory T-cells that maintain self-tolerance of the immune system. They develop multi-organ inflammation (MOI) and die around four weeks old. The affected organs are skin, tail, lungs and liver. In humans, endocrine and gastrointestinal inflammation are also observed, hence the disease is termed IPEX (Immunodysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, Enteropathy, X-linked) syndrome. The three week period of fatal MOI offers a useful autoimmune model in which the controls by genetics, T-cell subsets, cytokines, and effector mechanisms could be efficiently investigated. In this report, we will review published work, summarize our recent studies of Scurfy double mutants lacking specific autoimmune-related genes, discuss the cellular and cytokine controls by these genes on MOI, the organ-specificities of the MOI controlled by environments, and the effector mechanisms regulated by specific Th cytokines, including several newly identified control mechanisms for organ-specific autoimmune response.
Medical Management of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States. In 2008, an estimated 34,290 people died from pancreatic cancer and 37,680 new cases were diagnosed. Despite modern treatment, 90% of patients die within 1 year of diagnosis. Pancreatectomy is still the only potentially curative approach, but most patients have incurable disease by the time they are diagnosed, and fewer than 20% are candidates for surgery. In the present paper the English-language literature addressing the medical management in pancreatic cancer was reviewed. Based on these data we will discuss the role of currently used chemotherapy and target therapy in pancreatic cancer, as well as perspectives of the emerging strategies that are arising in order to improve the outcomes of this complex disease.
Self-Reported Snoring Frequency and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease: The Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS)

Background Although associations between snoring and cardiovascular disease have been reported in several prospective studies, there is limited evidence from Asian populations. The objective of this study was to determine if there is an association between self-reported snoring frequency and the incidence of cardiovascular disease in Japanese. Methods The subjects were 2350 men and 4163 women aged 40 to 69 years who lived in 3 communities in Japan. All subjects were participants in the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS) and were followed for 6 years. Incidence of cardiovascular disease during the follow-up period comprised events of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, sudden cardiac death and stroke. Results During the 6-year follow-up period, 97 participants (56 men and 41 women) had cardiovascular events. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, self-reported snoring frequency was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events among women but not men. The hazard ratios (95% CI) for cardiovascular events were 0.9 (0.4–2.0) for sometimes snoring and 2.5 (1.0–6.1) for everyday snoring in women and 0.7 (0.3–1.3) and 1.0 (0.5–2.1), respectively, in men. Further adjustment for body mass index attenuated the association in women; the respective hazard ratios for cardiovascular events were 0.9 (0.4–1.9) and 2.1 (0.9–5.4). Conclusions Self-reported habitual snoring was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events among Japanese women. Overweight may partly mediate this association.
Diverging Mechanisms of Activation of Chemokine Receptors Revealed by Novel Chemokine Agonists

CXCL8/interleukin-8 is a pro-inflammatory chemokine that triggers pleiotropic responses, including inflammation, angiogenesis, wound healing and tumorigenesis. We engineered the first selective CXCR1 agonists on the basis of residue substitutions in the conserved ELR triad and CXC motif of CXCL8. Our data reveal that the molecular mechanisms of activation of CXCR1 and CXCR2 are distinct: the N-loop of CXCL8 is the major determinant for CXCR1 activation, whereas the N-terminus of CXCL8 (ELR and CXC) is essential for CXCR2 activation. We also found that activation of CXCR1 cross-desensitized CXCR2 responses in human neutrophils co-expressing both receptors, indicating that these novel CXCR1 agonists represent a new class of anti-inflammatory agents. Further, these selective CXCR1 agonists will aid at elucidating the functional significance of CXCR1 in vivo under pathophysiological conditions.
Using Wireless EEG Signals to Assess Memory Workload in the  $n$-Back Task

Assessment of mental workload using physiological measures, especially electroencephalography (EEG) signals, is an active area. Recently, a number of wireless acquisition systems to measure EEG and other physiological signals have become available. Few studies have applied such wireless systems to assess cognitive workload and evaluate their performance. This paper presents an initial step to explore the feasibility of a popular wireless system (Emotiv EPOC headset) to assess memory workload levels in a well-known n-back task. We developed a signal processing and classification framework, which integrated an automatic artifact removal algorithm, a broad spectrum of feature extraction techniques, a personalized feature scaling method, an information-theory-based feature selection approach, and a proximal-support-vector-machine-based classification model. The experimental results show that the wirelessly collected EEG signals can be used to classify different memory workload levels for nine participants. The classification accuracies between the lowest workload level (0-back) and active workload levels (1-, 2-, 3-back) were close to 100%. The best classification accuracy for 1- versus 2-back was 80%, and 1- versus 3-back was 84%. This study indicates that the wireless acquisition system and the advanced data analytics and pattern recognition techniques are promising to achieve real-time monitoring and identification of mental workload levels for humans engaged in a wide variety of cognitive activities in the modern society.
Efficient discriminative learning of parts-based models

Supervised learning of a parts-based model can be formulated as an optimization problem with a large (exponential in the number of parts) set of constraints. We show how this seemingly difficult problem can be solved by (i) reducing it to an equivalent convex problem with a small, polynomial number of constraints (taking advantage of the fact that the model is tree-structured and the potentials have a special form); and (ii) obtaining the globally optimal model using an efficient dual decomposition strategy. Each component of the dual decomposition is solved by a modified version of the highly optimized SVM-Light algorithm. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, we learn human upper body models using two challenging, publicly available datasets. Our model accounts for the articulation of humans as well as the occlusion of parts. We compare our method with a baseline iterative strategy as well as a state of the art algorithm and show significant efficiency improvements.
Declining frequency of summertime local‐scale precipitation over eastern China from 1970 to 2010 and its potential link to aerosols

Summer precipitation plays critical roles in the energy balance and the availability of fresh water over eastern China. However, little is known regarding the trend in local‐scale precipitation (LSP). Here we developed a novel method to determine LSP events in the summer afternoon throughout eastern China from 1970 to 2010 based on hourly gauge measurements. The LSP occurrence hours decrease at an annual rate of 0.25%, which varies considerably by region, ranging from 0.14% over the Yangtze River Delta to 0.56% over the Pearl River Delta. This declining frequency of LSP is generally accompanied by an increase in rain rate of LSP but a decrease in visibility, whose linkage to LSP events was investigated. In particular, more LSP events tended to form when the atmosphere was slightly polluted. Afterward, LSP was suppressed. These findings have important implications for improving our understanding of the climatology of daytime precipitation at local scales.
Superstars Need Social Benefits: An Experiment on Network Formation

We investigate contributions to the provision of public goods on a network when efficient provision requires the formation of a star network. We provide a theoretical analysis and study behavior in a controlled laboratory experiment. In a 2x2 design, we examine the effects of group size and the presence of (social) benefits for incoming links. We find that social benefits are highly important. They facilitate convergence to equilibrium networks and enhance the stability and efficiency of the outcome. Moreover, in large groups social benefits encourage the formation of superstars: star networks in which the core contributes more than expected in the stage-game equilibrium. We show that this result is predicted by a repeated game equilibrium.
ADHD : "because you're worth it" : the marketisation of ADHD to adult women

Drawing on the traditions of discursive psychology and critical discourse analysis this study examined the marketisation of ‘Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder’ (ADHD) to women in a small sample of online YouTube videos. Of specific interest was the constructed and constructive nature of discourse at a ‘micro’ level, with a particular focus on the reification and commodification of the ‘ADHD-product’; and the discursive strategies used to persuade women of the potential benefits of ‘ADHD’ diagnosis and ‘treatment’. The video material analysed represented a combination of first person testimonies from the ‘sufferer’, and the sharing of ‘expertise’ by ‘professionals’, and comprised of both verbal and visual aspects. The analytic categories generated told a ‘story’ of the construction and commodification of the ‘ADHD-product’, unproblematically positioned within the biomedical discourse; followed by the active promotion of ‘ADHD’ to women, with strong endorsements for the use of stimulant medication to ‘enhance performance’ and ‘increase one’s potential’. Attention was also paid to the possibility that this diagnosis might threaten women’s selfhood and undermine personal authenticity. Implications for research and professional practice are discussed in light of the analysis.