Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification and estimation of mediational effects of longitudinal modified treatment policies

We demonstrate a comprehensive semiparametric approach to causal mediation analysis, addressing the complexities inherent in settings with longitudinal and continuous treatments, confounders, and mediators. Our methodology utilizes a nonparametric structural equation model and a cross-fitted sequential regression technique based on doubly robust pseudo-outcomes, yielding an efficient, asymptotically normal estimator without relying on restrictive parametric modeling assumptions. We are motivated by a recent scientific controversy regarding the effects of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) on the survival of COVID-19 patients, considering acute kidney injury (AKI) as a mediating factor. We highlight the possibility of"inconsistent mediation,"in which the direct and indirect effects of the exposure operate in opposite directions. We discuss the significance of mediation analysis for scientific understanding and its potential utility in treatment decisions.
Hypertangency of plane curves and the algebraic exceptional set

We investigate plane curves intersecting in at most two unibranched points to study the algebraic exceptional set appearing in standard conjectures of diophantine and hyperbolic geometry. Our first result compares the local geometry of two hypertangent curves, i.e. curves having maximal contact at one unibranched point. This is applied to fully describe the exceptional set and, more generally, the hyper-bitangency set, of a plane curve with three components.
Indexing recent trajectories of moving objects

The plethora of lacation-aware devices has led to countless location-based services in which huge amounts of spatio-temporal data get created everyday. Several applications requie efficient processing of queries on the locations of moving objects over time, i.e., the moving object trajectories. This calls for efficient trajectory-based indexing methods that capture both the spatial and temporal dimensions of the data in a way that minimizes the number of disk I/Os required for both updating and querying. Motivated by applications that require only the recent history of a moving object's trajectory, this paper introduces the trails-tree; a disk-based data structure for indexing recent trajectories. The trails-tree maintains a temporal-sliding window over the trajectories and uses: (1) an in-memory memo structure that reduces the I/O cost of updates using a lazy-update mechanism, and (2) a lazy vacuum-cleaning mechanism to delete parts of the trajectories that fall out of the sliding window. Experimental evaluation illustrates that the trails-tree outperforms the state-of-the-art index structures for indexing recent trajectory data by up to a factor of two.
Does a money-is-all attitude cause alienation? A cross-cultural comparison of Korea, the US and Sweden

Money is increasingly being attributed more value in society, although a money-is-all attitude decreases social relationships and increases alienation in modern, industrialized societies. This research investigated the influence of this money-is-all attitude on alienation based on a cross-cultural comparison of Korea, the US and Sweden. The money-is-all attitude was defined as a perspective in which money is regarded as an indicator of achievement or success. Self-administered online surveys were conducted with consumers ranging between the ages of 20 to 49 in Korea, the US and Sweden. The money-is-all attitude and alienation seemed to be more pervasive in Korea than in the US or Sweden. The money-is-all attitude was the factor with the strongest influence on alienation when controlling for socio-demographic factors. Furthermore, participation in sports activities was an important factor in decreasing alienation levels. The findings of this research imply that materialistic ways of thinking increase alienation and that money cannot contribute to human happiness and well-being. In addition, active participation in social activities can decrease alienation. The research results suggest that a materialistic, money-is-all attitude negatively influences alienation across cultures; in addition, in the US, an affluent consumption-based country, the money-is-all attitude had more explanatory power for alienation than in Sweden and Korea. A change in values to overcome the money-is-all attitude is required and the concepts of sufficiency and mindfulness are suggested as alternative life perspectives for the pursuit of well-being.
Strategies of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to acquire nutritional iron during host colonization

Iron is an essential element for the growth and development of virtually all living organisms. As iron acquisition is critical for the pathogenesis, a host defense strategy during infection is to sequester iron to restrict the growth of invading pathogens. To counteract this strategy, bacteria such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus have adapted to such an environment by developing mechanisms to obtain iron from human hosts. This review focuses on the multiple strategies employed by V. parahaemolyticus to obtain nutritional iron from host sources. In these strategies are included the use of siderophores and xenosiderophores, proteases and iron-protein receptor. The host sources used by V. parahaemolyticus are the iron-containing proteins transferrin, hemoglobin, and hemin. The implications of iron acquisition systems in the virulence of V. parahaemolyticus are also discussed.
Dualities of type 0 strings

It is conjectured that the two closed bosonic string theories, type 0A and type 0B, correspond to certain supersymmetry breaking orbifold compactifications of M-theory. Various implications of this conjecture are discussed, in particular the behaviour of the tachyon at strong coupling and the existence of non-perturbative fermionic states in type 0A. The latter are shown to correspond to bound states of type 0A D-particles, thus providing further evidence for the conjecture. We also give a comprehensive description of the various type 0 closed and open string theories.
Quantum measurements and entropic bounds on information transmission

While a positive operator valued measure gives the probabilities in a quantum measurement,an instrument gives both the probabilities and the a posteriori states. Byinterpreting the instrument as a quantum channel and by using the monotonicity theoremfor relative entropies many bounds on the classical information extracted in aquantum measurement are obtained in a unified manner. In particular, it is shown thatsuch bounds can all be stated as inequalities between mutual entropies. This approachbased on channels gives rise to a unified picture of known and new bounds on the classicalinformation (Holevo's, Shumacher-Westmoreland-Wootters', Hall's, Scutaru's bounds, anew upper bound and a new lower one). Some examples clarify the mutual relationshipsamong the various bounds.
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: Ductile Targets in Disease

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells with major regulatory functions and rise during pathological conditions, including cancer, infections and autoimmune conditions. MDSC expansion is generally linked to inflammatory processes that emerge in response to stable immunological stress, which alter both magnitude and quality of the myelopoietic output. Inability to reinstate physiological myelopoiesis would fall in an “emergency state” that perpetually reprograms myeloid cells toward suppressive functions. While differentiation and reprogramming of myeloid cells toward an immunosuppressive phenotype can be considered the result of a multistep process that originates in the bone marrow and culminates in the tumor microenvironment, the identification of its driving events may offer potential therapeutic approaches in different pathologies. Indeed, whereas expansion of MDSCs, in both murine and human tumor bearers, results in reduced immune surveillance and antitumor cytotoxicity, placing an obstacle to the effectiveness of anticancer therapies, adoptive transfer of MDSCs has shown therapeutic benefits in autoimmune disorders. Here, we describe relevant mechanisms of myeloid cell reprogramming leading to generation of suppressive MDSCs and discuss their therapeutic ductility in disease.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA MOTIVASI BELAJAR, KEMANDIRIANBELAJAR DAN BIMBINGAN AKADEMIK TERHADAP PRESTASIBELAJAR MAHASISWADI STIKES A. YANI YOGYAKARTA

Tri Sunarsih, An Analysis on the Relation Between Learning Motivation, Learning Independence, and Academic Counseling on The Student’s Learning Achievement in Stikes A. Yani Yogyakarta. Main Interest of Health Profession Education. Family Medical Study Program, Thesis, Sebelas Maret University, 2010. The campus academic life lies in the keywords of learning motivation, learning independence, and academic counseling on the students’ learning achievement, so that the student can be independent, critical, and creative in achieving the good learning achievement. The objective of research is to find out the relation between learning motivation, learning independence, and academic counseling on the student’s learning achievement in STIKES A. Yani Yogyakarta. This research employed a cross sectional approach and used the correlational technique, used questionnaire instrument with Likert model and documentation. From the population it was taken 464 respondents as the sample using the proportional stratified random sampling technique. The instrument validity test used was Product Moment correlation coefficient, and reliability test used was Alpha Cronbach. The result of research was analyzed using the Product Moment corelational coefficient and Linear Regression, N = 98 at significance level of 5%, the acceptance limit rhotable = 0.195 and significance level of 5%. From the result of analysis on learning motivation, learning independence and academic counseling, and the learning achievement, it is obtained the rhoresult = 0.457, therefore the rhoresult value is higher than the rhotable. Thus, the learning motivation, learning independence and academic counseling has significant relation to the learning achievement. The conclusion of research is that there is a significant relation between learning independence, and academic counseling, and the learning achievement variable. Keywords: Learning independence and learning achievement.
Effects of Initial Dose on Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus Dependent Mortality in Intrathoracically Inoculated Culiseta melanura (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abstract Viral growth characteristics that favor rapid and prodigious virion production may increase virus transmission but be detrimental to infected hosts. Several arboviruses, including eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus, negatively affect the survival of their infected mosquito vectors. To test the hypothesis that the mosquito virulent properties of EEE virus are caused by the presence of intrinsic viral growth properties, we investigated the effects of infecting dose on the survival of intrathoracically inoculated Culiseta melanura (Coquillett). Daily survival of age-matched females inoculated with either a low initial dose of 101.5 plaque-forming units (PFUs) per mosquito or a high initial dose of 105.5 PFUs per mosquito was monitored for 8 wk. Compared with diluent inoculated controls, mosquitoes from both dosage groups displayed highly significant decreases in survival. No significant differences in daily survival were detected between the two infected groups. Virus production within inoculated mosquitoes was assessed by sampling mosquitoes every 12 h for 96 h after inoculation. Rapid virus amplification occurred in both dosage groups, and by 24 h after exposure the mean viral loads in mosquitoes inoculated with the low dose were comparable to those inoculated with the high dose. Likewise, although detectable virions appeared sooner in the saliva of high dosage mosquitoes, by 72 h after inoculation no significant differences in virus transmission were detected between the two exposure groups. These results indicate that the virulence of EEE virus for its enzootic North American mosquito vector is not dosage dependent and likely reflects the inherent growth properties of this virus within infected mosquitoes.
Giant Spin Splitting and its Origin in Methylhydrazinium Lead Halide Perovskites

Spin splitting, or removal of spin degeneracy in the electronic energy band/level is often a measure of spin-orbit coupling strength and a way to manipulate spin degrees of freedom. We use first-principles simulations to predict giant spin splitting in methylhydrazinium lead halide (MHyPbX$_3$, MHy = CH$_3$NH$_2$NH$_2$, X = Br and Cl) hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites. The values can reach up to 408.0~meV at zero Kelvin and 281.6~meV at room temperature. The origin of the effect is traced to the large distortion of PbX$_3$ framework, driven primarily by Pb ions in the ferroelectric $\Gamma^{3-}$ mode. The Pb displacements consist of combination of polar and antipolar arrangements and result in up to 39.2~meV/atom enhancement of the spin-orbit coupling energy in the polar phase of the materials. The spin-orbit coupling gives origin to highly persistent spin textures in MHyPbX$_3$, which are desirable for applications in spintronics and quantum computing. Our findings reveal an additional functionality for hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite and open a way for the design of more materials with giant spin splitting.
Isolated Human Pulmonary Artery Structure and Function Pre‐ and Post‐Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery

Background Pulmonary dysfunction is a known complication after cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass, ranging from subclinical functional changes to prolonged postoperative ventilation, acute lung injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Whether human pulmonary arterial function is compromised is unknown. The aim of the present study was to compare the structure and function of isolated and cannulated human pulmonary arteries obtained from lung biopsies after the chest was opened (pre–cardiopulmonary bypass) to those obtained at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass (post–cardiopulmonary bypass) from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Methods and Results Pre‐ and post–cardiopulmonary bypass lung biopsies were received from 12 patients undergoing elective surgery. Intralobular small arteries were dissected, cannulated, pressurized, and imaged using confocal microscopy. Functionally, the thromboxane mimetic U46619 produced concentration‐dependent vasoconstriction in 100% and 75% of pre‐ and post–cardiopulmonary bypass arteries, respectively. The endothelium‐dependent agonist bradykinin stimulated vasodilation in 45% and 33% of arteries pre‐ and post–cardiopulmonary bypass, respectively. Structurally, in most arteries smooth muscle cells aligned circumferentially; live cell viability revealed that although 100% of smooth muscle and 90% of endothelial cells from pre–cardiopulmonary bypass biopsies had intact membranes and were considered viable, only 60% and 58%, respectively, were viable from post–cardiopulmonary bypass biopsies. Conclusions We successfully investigated isolated pulmonary artery structure and function in fresh lung biopsies from patients undergoing heart surgery. Pulmonary artery contractile tone and endothelium‐dependent dilation were significantly reduced in post–cardiopulmonary bypass biopsies. The decreased functional responses were associated with reduced cell viability. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.isrctn. com/ISRCTN34428459. Unique identifier: ISRCTN 34428459.
Guessing Facets: Polytope Structure and Improved LP Decoder

A new approach for decoding binary linear codes by solving a linear program (LP) over a relaxed codeword polytope was recently proposed by Feldman et al. In this paper we investigate the structure of the polytope used in the LP relaxation decoding. We begin by showing that for expander codes, every fractional pseudocodeword always has at least a constant fraction of non-integral bits. We then prove that for expander codes, the active set of any fractional pseudocodeword is smaller by a constant fraction than the active set of any codeword. We exploit this fact to devise a decoding algorithm that provably outperforms the LP decoder for finite blocklengths. It proceeds by guessing facets of the polytope, and resolving the linear program on these facets. While the LP decoder succeeds only if the ML codeword has the highest likelihood over all pseudocodewords, we prove that for expander codes the proposed algorithm succeeds even with a constant number of pseudocodewords of higher likelihood. Moreover, the complexity of the proposed algorithm is only a constant factor larger than that of the LP decoder
THE POWER OF SOCIAL AND MOTIVATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS FOR TEST‐ANXIOUS ADOLESCENTS’ ACADEMIC SELF‐REGULATION

Based on cognitive evaluation theory (CET) and organismic integration theory (OIT) – both sub-theories of self-determination theory (SDT) – the present study examined whether the academic self-regulation of youth with test anxiety can be strengthened through social and motivational relationships with peers and teachers. This study employed a large sample (N = 1088; MAge = 13.7) of early adolescents from secondary schools in Brandenburg, Germany. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the proposed associations. The results revealed a negative association between test anxiety and intrinsic motivation as well as test anxiety and identified regulation, which was fully mediated by teachers as positive motivators. Furthermore, both teachers as positive motivators as well as the teacher-student relationship were found to be strong predictors of the self-determined aspects of academic self-regulation. Additionally, both peers as positive motivators and the student-student relationship are essential for external self-regulation.
Social Identity Threat in Response to Stereotypic Film Portrayals: Effects on Self‐Conscious Emotion and Implicit Ingroup Attitudes

Disadvantaged ethnic groups are often portrayed stereotypically in film, but little is known about how such portrayals affect members of those groups. Two experiments examined the affective and attitudinal reactions of Mexican and European Americans to stereotypic film clips of Latinos. Results of Study 1 revealed that stereotypic films cue negative affect among Mexican Americans, regardless of the realism of the portrayals. In Study 2, both Mexican and European Americans felt more self-conscious when another ingroup member openly laughed at negative Latino stereotypes in a comedy. Across both studies, the importance of ethnic identity exacerbated negative reactions to stereotypic clips and predicted somewhat more negative implicit group attitudes among Mexican Americans. In contrast, group pride mitigated affective costs and predicted greater enjoyment of stereotypical film clips among European Americans. The implications for the role of mass media in creating social identity threat for disadvantaged ethnic groups are discussed.
Characterization of osteoarthritis in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2

Investigation of the clinical and pathogenesis aspects of osteoarthritis in combinations with diabetes mellitus type 2. Were studied 80 patients with osteoarthritis, 52 of them has a comorbidity disease such as diabetes mellitus type 2. Were investigated the clinical and radiological signs of disease severity, the levels of cytokines, NO, leptin, and CRP in serum, and levels of blood glucose, and levels of glycated hemoglobin, and SSE. Were found significant differences in body weight, data of ESR, features functional status of the joints and the quality of life in patients with osteoarthritis in combination with type 2 diabetes compared with those without the metabolic disturbance. Moreover, in patients with osteoarthritis of comorbidity for T2DM was established elevated level of IL-6, IL-18, NO and leptin in serum. Were determined differences in the features of the clinical symptoms of osteoarthritis in patients with type 2 diabetes based on blood glucose level, and data of glycated hemoglobin. Were obtained some correlations between of the levels of cytokines in the blood serum with the parameters of the functional status of the joints, and with the quality of life in patients with osteoarthritis in combination with type 2 diabetes. Osteoarthritis in combinations with diabetes mellitus type 2 characterized by a more pronounced severity of clinical symptoms, and functions impairment. Abbreviations: OA: osteoarthritis; T2DM: diabetes mellitus type 2; IL-1β: interleukin 1 beta; IL-6: interleukin 6; IL-10: interleukin 10; IL-18: interleukin 18; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; NO: nitrite oxide; CRP: C-reactive protein; SSE: subsidence of erythrocytes; BWI: body weight index
Effect of Organic Solvents and Biologically Relevant Ions on the Light-Induced DNA Cleavage by Pyrene and Its Amino and Hydroxy Derivatives

Abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH s) are a class of carcinogenic compounds that are both naturally and artificially produced. Many PAHs are pro-carcinogens that re-quire metabolic activation. Recently, it has been shown that PAH can induce DNA single strand cleavage and formation of PAH-DNA covalent adduct upon irradiation with UVA light. The light-induced DNA cleavage parallels phototoxicity in one instance. The DNA photocleavage efficiency depends on the structure of the PAHs. This article reports the ef-fect of both organic solvents and the presence of biologically relevant ions, Na + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , K + , Fe 3+ , Cu 2+ , Zn +2 , Mn 2+ , and I - , on the light-induced DNA cleavage by pyrene, 1-hydroxypyrene and 1-aminopyrene. Since both 1-hydroxypyrene (0.6 µM) and 1-aminopyrene (6 µM) dissolve well in the minimum organic solvents used (2% methanol, dimethylsulfoxide, and dimethylformamide), increasing the amount of the organic solvent resulted in the decrease of the amount of DNA single strand cleavage caused by the combi-nation effect of 1-hydroxy or 1-aminopyrene and UVA light. The result with the less water-soluble pyrene shows that increase of the amount of the organic solvent can increase the amount of DNA single strand DNA photocleavage cause by the combination of pyrene and UVA light. Therefore, there are two effects by the organic solvents: (i) to dissolve PAH and (ii) to quench DNA photocleavage. The presence of Fe
Pimarane-type Diterpenes: Antimicrobial Activity against Oral Pathogens

Seven pimarane type-diterpenes re-isolated from Viguiera arenaria Baker and two semi-synthetic pimarane derivatives were evaluated in vitro against the following main microorganisms responsible for dental caries: Streptococcus salivarius, S. sobrinus, S. mutans, S. mitis, S. sanguinis and Lactobacillus casei. The compounds ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid (PA); ent-8(14),15-pimaradien-3b-ol; ent-15-pimarene-8b,19-diol; ent-8(14),15-pimaradien-3b-acetoxy and the sodium salt derivative of PA were the most active compounds, displaying MIC values ranging from 2 to 8 μg∙mL-1. Thus, this class of compounds seems promising as a class of new effective anticariogenic agents. Furthermore, our results also allow us to conclude that minor structural differences among these diterpenes significantly influence their antimicrobial activity, bringing new perspectives to the discovery of new natural compounds that could be employed in the development of oral care products.