Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Marginalised, patronised and instrumentalised: Polish female fans in the ultras’ narratives

Since the 1990s there has been a growing number of female supporters following football clubs and there is little doubt that they have recently become an important part of the audience for both football authorities and clubs. The process of football’s feminisation is neither simple nor is it taking place in a social vacuum, and female fans are encountering well-institutionalised football fandom culture, which is deeply entrenched in stadium rituals. This paper offers an empirical study of roles assigned to women in football fandom culture and the way in which this has been done in order reproduce a “traditional” social order on the Polish football stands. In doing so, it examines the grass-roots ultras’ magazine To My Kibice (We are the fans) that belongs to an increasingly popular type of fan magazine, which was developed from popular homemade football fanzines in the 1980s. The analyses provide evidence that female supporters are either marginalised (not being counted as regular fans), patronised or instrumentalised by their male peers. These strategies are visible both in language and in the social contexts in which women on the stands are described.
Environmental changes bridge evolutionary valleys

Epistatic interactions and changes in the selection environment facilitate the experimental evolution of β-lactamase. In the basic fitness landscape metaphor for molecular evolution, evolutionary pathways are presumed to follow uphill steps of increasing fitness. How evolution can cross fitness valleys is an open question. One possibility is that environmental changes alter the fitness landscape such that low-fitness sequences reside on a hill in alternate environments. We experimentally test this hypothesis on the antibiotic resistance gene TEM-15 β-lactamase by comparing four evolutionary strategies shaped by environmental changes. The strategy that included initial steps of selecting for low antibiotic resistance (negative selection) produced superior alleles compared with the other three strategies. We comprehensively examined possible evolutionary pathways leading to one such high-fitness allele and found that an initially deleterious mutation is key to the allele’s evolutionary history. This mutation is an initial gateway to an otherwise relatively inaccessible area of sequence space and participates in higher-order, positive epistasis with a number of neutral to slightly beneficial mutations. The ability of negative selection and environmental changes to provide access to novel fitness peaks has important implications for natural evolutionary mechanisms and applied directed evolution.
Interspecific hybridization transfers a previously unknown glyphosate resistance mechanism in Amaranthus species

A previously unknown glyphosate resistance mechanism, amplification of the 5‐enolpyruvyl shikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase gene, was recently reported in Amaranthus palmeri. This evolved mechanism could introgress to other weedy Amaranthus species through interspecific hybridization, representing an avenue for acquisition of a novel adaptive trait. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for this glyphosate resistance trait to transfer via pollen from A. palmeri to five other weedy Amaranthus species (Amaranthus hybridus, Amaranthus powellii, Amaranthus retroflexus, Amaranthus spinosus, and Amaranthus tuberculatus). Field and greenhouse crosses were conducted using glyphosate‐resistant male A. palmeri as pollen donors and the other Amaranthus species as pollen recipients. Hybridization between A. palmeri and A. spinosus occurred with frequencies in the field studies ranging from <0.01% to 0.4%, and 1.4% in greenhouse crosses. A majority of the A. spinosus × A. palmeri hybrids grown to flowering were monoecious and produced viable seed. Hybridization occurred in the field study between A. palmeri and A. tuberculatus (<0.2%), and between A. palmeri and A. hybridus (<0.01%). This is the first documentation of hybridization between A. palmeri and both A. spinosus and A. hybridus.
Resampling Techniques for Estimating the Distribution of Descriptive Statistics of Functional Data

Resampling methods for estimating the distribution of descriptive statistics of functional data are considered. Through Monte-Carlo simulations, we compare the performance of several resampling methods commonly used for estimating the distribution of descriptive statistics. We introduce two resampling methods that rely on functional principal component analysis, where the scores were randomly drawn from multivariate normal distribution and Stiefel manifold. Illustrated by one-dimensional Canadian weather station data and two-dimensional bone shape data, the resampling methods provide a way of visualizing the distribution of descriptive statistics for functional data.
Misinformation and Polarization in a High-Choice Media Environment: How Effective Are Political Fact-Checkers?

One of the most fundamental changes in today’s political information environment is an increasing lack of communicative truthfulness. To explore this worrisome phenomenon, this study aims to investigate the effects of political misinformation by integrating three theoretical approaches: (1) misinformation, (2) polarization, and (3) selective exposure. In this article, we examine the role of fact-checkers in discrediting polarized misinformation in a fragmented media environment. We rely on two experiments (N = 1,117) in which we vary exposure to attitudinal-congruent or incongruent political news and a follow-up fact-check article debunking the information. Participants were either forced to see or free to select a fact-checker. Results show that fact-checkers can be successful as they (1) lower agreement with attitudinally congruent political misinformation and (2) can overcome political polarization. Moreover, dependent on the issue, fact-checkers are most likely to be selected when they confirm prior attitudes and avoided when they are incongruent, indicating a confirmation bias for selecting corrective information. The freedom to select or avoid fact-checkers does not have an impact on political beliefs.
Scalable deterministic replay in a parallel full-system emulator

Full-system emulation has been an extremely useful tool in developing and debugging systems software like operating systems and hypervisors. However, current full-system emulators lack the support for deterministic replay, which limits the reproducibility of concurrency bugs that is indispensable for analyzing and debugging the essentially multi-threaded systems software. This paper analyzes the challenges in supporting deterministic replay in parallel full-system emulators and makes a comprehensive study on the sources of non-determinism. Unlike application-level replay systems, our system, called ReEmu, needs to log sources of non-determinism in both the guest software stack and the dynamic binary translator for faithful replay. To provide scalable and efficient record and replay on multicore machines, ReEmu makes several notable refinements to the CREW protocol that replays shared memory systems. First, being aware of the performance bottlenecks in frequent lock operations in the CREW protocol, ReEmu refines the CREW protocol with a seqlock-like design, to avoid serious contention and possible starvation in instrumentation code tracking dependence of racy accesses on a shared memory object. Second, to minimize the required log files, ReEmu only logs minimal local information regarding accesses to a shared memory location, but instead relies on an offline log processing tool to derive precise shared memory dependence for faithful replay. Third, ReEmu adopts an automatic lock clustering mechanism that clusters a set of uncontended memory objects to a bulk to reduce the frequencies of lock operations, which noticeably boost performance. Our prototype ReEmu is based on our open-source COREMU system and supports scalable and efficient record and replay of full-system environments (both x64 and ARM). Performance evaluation shows that ReEmu has very good performance scalability on an Intel multicore machine. It incurs only 68.9% performance overhead on average (ranging from 51.8% to 94.7%) over vanilla COREMU to record five PARSEC benchmarks running on a 16-core emulated system.
Shell Structure in the Fornax Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy

We present initial results from a wide-field photometric survey of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy. The focus here is on a small overdensity of stars located approximately 17′ (670 pc in projection) from the center of Fornax. Based on imaging data in both V and I bands down to V ≈ 21, the dimensions of the feature are ∼1. ′7 × 3. ′2 (68 × 128 pc) with an average surface brightness of 25.8 mag arcsec-2 in V. A follow-up analysis using the deep B- and R-band data obtained by Stetson, Hesser, & Smecker-Hane indicates that the overdensity is apparently dominated by a relatively young stellar population with an age of ≈2 Gyr, though the current data do not rule out the presence of older stars. Our preferred interpretation is that the overdensity represents shell structure in the Fornax dSph galaxy, a phenomenon previously unseen in dwarf galaxies. The shell may be the remnant of a merger with Fornax of a smaller, gas-rich system that occurred approximately 2 Gyr ago. The comparatively recent star formation seen in some dSph and dE galaxies may then also be the result of infall of small relatively gas-rich systems.
Incremental Solid Modeling from Sparse and Omnidirectional Structure-from-Motion Data

This paper introduces a sparse and incremental 2-manifold surface reconstruction method. It uses a sparse 3D point cloud generated by a Structure-from-Motion algorithm (SfM) as its main input as opposed to the more common dense algorithms. Furthermore, our method is incremental: the surface is updated for every new camera pose computed by SfM, and the update occurs in a small neighborhood of the new camera pose. Compared to the other surface reconstruction methods, our method has the advantage to have all these properties at the same time. The quality and execution time of the proposed algorithm is evaluated on a large scale (2.5 km.) real sequence taken in an urban environment, and the method is quantitatively evaluated on a synthetic urban scene.
Platelet-rich plasma, plasma rich in growth factors and simvastatin in the regeneration and repair of alveolar bone

Platelet preparations promote bone regeneration by inducing cell migration, proliferation and differentiation in the area of the injury, which are essential processes for regeneration. In addition, several studies have indicated that simvastatin (SIMV), widely used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, stimulates osteogenesis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of treatment with either platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) in combination with SIMV in the regeneration and repair of alveolar bone. The jaws of Sprague Dawley rats (n=18) were subjected to rotary instrument-induced bone damage (BD). Animals were divided into six groups: BD/H2O (n=3), distilled water without the drug and alveolar bone damage; BD/H2O/PRP (n=3), BD and PRP; BD/H2O/PRGF (n=3), BD and PRGF; BD/SIMV (n=3), BD and water with SIMV; BD/SIMV/PRP (n=3), BD, PRP and SIMV; and BD/SIMV/PRGF (n=3), BD, PRGF and SIMV. Conventional histological analysis (hematoxylin and eosin staining) revealed that the BD/SIMV group showed indicators for mature bone tissue, while the BD/SIMV/PRP and BD/SIMV/PRGF groups showed the coexistence of indicators for mature and immature bone tissue, with no statistical differences between the platelet preparations. Simvastatin did not improve the effect of platelet-rich plasma and plasma rich in growth factors. It was not possible to determine which platelet preparation produced superior effects.
Identifying the gap between need and intervention for alcohol use disorders in Europe.

AIMS A literature review of existing research on the prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and availability of alcohol interventions in Europe was conducted. The review also explored what is known about the gap between need and provision of alcohol interventions in Europe. METHODS The review search strategy included: (i) descriptive studies of alcohol intervention systems in Europe; (ii) studies of alcohol service provision in Europe; and (iii) studies of prevalence of AUD and alcohol needs assessment in Europe. RESULTS Europe has a relatively high level of alcohol consumption and the resulting disabilities are the highest in the world. Most research on implementation of alcohol interventions in Europe has been restricted to screening and brief interventions. Alcohol needs assessment methodology has been developed but has not been applied in comparative studies across countries in Europe. CONCLUSIONS This review points to key gaps in knowledge related to alcohol interventions in Europe. There is a lack of comparative data on variations in alcohol treatment systems across European countries and there is also a lack of comparative data on the prevalence of alcohol use disorders across European countries and the relative gap between need and access to treatment. The forthcoming Alcohol Measures for Public Health Research Alliance (AMPHORA) research project work package on 'Early identification and treatment' aims to address these gaps.
Changes in sensory dominance during childhood: converging evidence from the colavita effect and the sound-induced flash illusion.

In human adults, visual dominance emerges in several multisensory tasks. In children, auditory dominance has been reported up to 4 years of age. To establish when sensory dominance changes during development, 41 children (6-7, 9-10, and 11-12 years) were tested on the Colavita task (Experiment 1) and 32 children (6-7, 9-10, and 11-12 years) were tested on the sound-induced flash illusion (Experiment 2). In both experiments, an auditory dominance emerged in 6- to 7-year-old children compared to older children. Adult-like visual dominance started to emerge from 9 to 10 years of age, and consolidated in 11- to 12-year-old children. These findings show that auditory dominance persists up to 6 years, but switches to visual dominance during the first school years.
VLSI architecture design and implementation of a LDPC encoder for the IEEE 802.22 WRAN standard

This paper presents two architectures for the Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder, the first one based on a fully serial approach and the second one in a mixed way, as well as their respective realizations in ASIC. The proposed designs are capable of operating in 84 combinations of code rate and word size, according to the IEEE 802.22 Wireless Regional Area Network (WRAN) standard, aiming low power and small area. Although the proposed architectures are primarily designed for the mentioned standard, they can be easily adapted to other wireless broadband standards.
Bayesian Estimation of Random-Coefficients Choice Models Using Aggregate Data

This article discusses the use of Bayesian methods for estimating logit demand models using aggregate data, i.e. information solely on how many consumers chose each product. We analyze two different demand systems: independent samples and consumer panel. Under the first system, there is a different and independent random sample of N consumers in each period and each consumer makes only a single purchase decision. Under the second system, the same N consumers make a purchase decision in each of T periods. The proposed methods are illustrated using simulated and real data, and managerial insights available via data augmentation are discussed in detail.
The Efficacy and Safety of a Combined Alendronate and Calcitriol Agent (Maxmarvil): A Postmarketing Surveillance Study in Korean Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis

Background Combined therapy with alendronate and calcitriol may have additive effects on bone density. An observational study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Maxmarvil, a combinative agent of alendronate (5 mg) and calcitriol (0.5 µg), and to identify factors associated with efficacy. Methods A total of 568 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were enrolled by family physicians in 12 hospitals. The study subjects took Maxmarvil daily for 12 months. Questionnaires about baseline characteristics, socioeconomic status, and daily calcium intake were completed at the first visit. Adverse events were recorded every 3 months and bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar spine was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after 12 months. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of Maxmarvil, and the factors related to BMD improvement. Results A total of 370 patients were included in final analysis. The median BMD was 0.81 ± 0.12 g/cm2 at pre-treatment and 0.84 ± 0.13 g/cm2 after one year. The average BMD improvement was 3.4% ± 6.4% (P < 0.05), and 167 (45.1%) patients showed improvement. Factors associated with improved BMD were continuation of treatment (odds ratio [OR], 2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15 to 5.07) and good compliance (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.29 to 5.00). Adverse events were reported by 35 of the 568 patients, with the most common being abdominal pain and dyspepsia. Conclusion Maxmarvil was found to be safe, well tolerated and effective in osteoporosis treatment. Continuation of treatment and good compliance were the factors associated with efficacy.
UnitBox: An Advanced Object Detection Network

In present object detection systems, the deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are utilized to predict bounding boxes of object candidates, and have gained performance advantages over the traditional region proposal methods. However, existing deep CNN methods assume the object bounds to be four independent variables, which could be regressed by the l2 loss separately. Such an oversimplified assumption is contrary to the well-received observation, that those variables are correlated, resulting to less accurate localization. To address the issue, we firstly introduce a novel Intersection over Union (IoU) loss function for bounding box prediction, which regresses the four bounds of a predicted box as a whole unit. By taking the advantages of IoU loss and deep fully convolutional networks, the UnitBox is introduced, which performs accurate and efficient localization, shows robust to objects of varied shapes and scales, and converges fast. We apply UnitBox on face detection task and achieve the best performance among all published methods on the FDDB benchmark.
Impact of nozzle opening pressure on the performance and emission behaviours of the CI engine using yellow oleander biodiesel

ABSTRACT This research investigates the effect of nozzle opening pressure (NOP) on the diesel engine’s overall performance, emission and combustion characteristics using the 20% yellow oleander biodiesel (YOBD20) blend with different operating conditions. Initially, the engine test was conducted using diesel and YOBD20 at standard NOP of 200 bar, and then the experiment was repeated with YOBD20 at different NOPs of 200, 220, 240 and 260 bar. The obtained results were compared with diesel and the YOBD20 blend at recommended NOP of 200 bar. The results showed that BTE, CO, HC and smoke emissions were decreased, while the NOx emissions were increased with an increase in NOPs. The combustion parameters such as cylinder pressure, heat release rate and the rate of pressure rise were enhanced with an increase in NOPs at full load. It is found the YOBD20 with 240 bar NOP gave better performance and drastic reduction in all emissions except NOx emissions. Abbreviations: BP, brake power; BSFC, brake-specific fuel consumption; BTE, brake thermal efficiency; CO, carbon monoxide; CI engine, compression ignition engine; CO2, carbon dioxide; DI, direct injection; HC, hydrocarbon; HRR, heat release rate; ID, ignition delay; IT, injection timing; kWh, kilo Watt hour; NOP, nozzle opening pressure; NOx, oxides of nitrogen; ppm, parts per million; YOBD, yellow oleander biodiesel; YOBD20, 20% yellow oleander biodiesel + 80% diesel
Orthodox Core–Heterodox Periphery? Contrasting Citation Networks of Economics Departments in Vienna

ABSTRACT The notion of an ‘orthodox core–heterodox periphery’ structure and the extent of interdisciplinary links have been widely discussed, and partially investigated bibliometrically, within economic discourse. We extend this research by applying tools from social network analysis to citation data of three economics departments located in Vienna, two mainstream and one non-mainstream, to assess their relative citation patterns. We show that both mainstream economics departments follow the asserted core–periphery pattern and have a mono-disciplinary research focus, while the citation network of the non-mainstream department has a polycentric structure and is both more heterodox and interdisciplinary. These findings suggest that discussions about the future of heterodox economics should pay more attention to the organizational level and seek allies from other disciplines.
OPTIMASI LAMA WAKTU FERMENTASI LIMBAH SAYUR DENGAN CAIRAN RUMEN TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KANDUNGAN NUTRISI PAKAN IKAN NILA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS)

The purpose of this study was to determine the length of time vegetable waste fermentation with rumen fluid effective in improving the nutritional quality of tilapia fish feed . Fermentation is carried out in rumen fluid after fermentation is complete , the fermented vegetable waste is dried and subsequently roasted proximate analysis and total sugars . In this study , there were four treatments, three days ( treatment A ) , 4 days ( treatment B ) , 5 days ( treatment C ) , and 6 days ( treatment D ) . The results obtained during the study showed that the use of rumen fluid in the fermentation process of vegetable waste was not significant ( P > 0.05 ) on the content of moisture, crude protein , fat , crude fiber , ash and extract materials without nitrogen ( BETN ) and the content of total sugars
Public Pension Reforms and Private Savings

The 1999 reforms of the Korea National Pension Scheme resulted in a very unique situation in which those who are insured by the pension scheme and those who are not coexist. Exploiting this situation, this paper evaluates the effect of public pension on private savings comparing outcomes of two groups without estimating expected pension wealth. Instead of using the standard Difference-in-Difference estimator, this paper uses the Changes-inChanges estimator by Athey and Imbens (2006) in order to accommodate treatment effect heterogeneity. The estimation results show that the mean effect of pension is close to zero. Households with low or very high saving rates were little affected, while for the households with around mean saving rates the introduction of public pension reduced private wealth by about 25 percentages.
Inside the Black Box: What Explains Differences in the Efficiencies of Financial Institutions?

Over the past several years, substantial research effort has gone into measuring the efficiency of financial institutions. Many studies have found that inefficiencies are quite large, on the order of 20 percent or more of total banking industry costs and about half of the industry's potential profits. There is no consensus on the sources of the differences in measured efficiency. This paper examines several possible sources, including differences in efficiency concepts, measurement method, and a number of bank, market, and regulatory characteristics. We review the existing literature and provide new evidency using data on U.S. banks over the period 1990-5.