Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A wind tunnel study of organised and turbulent air motions in urban street canyons

High concentrations of car-exhaust gases in urban street canyons are typically associated with low wind velocities or situations when the wind blows perpendicular to the canyon axis. The latter flow configuration has been studied in a wind tunnel model of a street canyon. The mean flow and turbulence structure have both been investigated and comparisons have been carried out with results of full-scale flow measurements in urban street canyons. A qualitative similarity has been found between the results of atmospheric measurements and flow characteristics in the modelled street canyon. Data from all employed sources give evidence of a flow acceleration (in some cases, rather sharp) above roof level. Additionally, the effects of traffic on the organised and turbulent components of airflow in the canyon have been quantified. The experimental data show significant differences in flow and turbulence patterns corresponding to the model cases of one-way and two-way traffic. # 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Preparing IS professionals for a rapidly changing world: the challenge for IS educators

IS professionals must possess a broad range of skills in order to contribute to organizations experiencing rapid changes in both organizational structures and processes and information systems technologies. This paper considers the kinds of skills provided by traditional approaches to IS education and discusses the shortcomings of those approaches. It proposes a model for IS teaching to support the needs of future IS professionals, focusing on the process by which we deliver IS education.
Predictive Analytics for electricity prices using Feed-INS from renewables

Since the liberalization of European electricity markets, stakeholders can actively participate in the trading of electricity. Successful participation in such markets requires an accurate forecast of future electricity prices. However, as large volumes of energy from renewable sources are fed into the system, electricity prices are highly volatile. While recent approaches put a strong focus on models from time series analysis using merely historic prices, only a few study the influence of exogenous predictors. This paper includes both expected solar power generation and expected wind power generation as exogenous predictors and improves state of the art by assessing their beneficial impact when evaluating our forecasting models with a two-pronged approach. First, we show that these externals decrease root mean squared errors by between 3.37 % and 9.86 %. Second, we apply a Diebold-Mariano test to prove statistically that the forecasting accuracy of the models including exogenous predictors is superior.
Towards Automatic Generation of Short Summaries of Commits

Committing to a version control system means submitting a software change to the system. Each commit can have a message to describe the submission. Several approaches have been proposed to automatically generate the content of such messages. However, the quality of the automatically generated messages falls far short of what humans write. In studying the differences between auto-generated and human-written messages, we found that 82% of the human-written messages have only one sentence, while the automatically generated messages often have multiple lines. Furthermore, we found that the commit messages often begin with a verb followed by an direct object. This finding inspired us to use a "verb+object" format in this paper to generate short commit summaries. We split the approach into two parts: verb generation and object generation. As our first try, we trained a classifier to classify a diff to a verb. We are seeking feedback from the community before we continue to work on generating direct objects for the commits.
Dispersion hardening of copper single crystals

Abstract Pure copper single crystals of fixed orientation, containing dispersions of spherical particles of SiO2, were tested in tension. The crystals deform by single slip until the tensile axis reaches a symmetrical orientation, while the particles remain undeformed. The characteristic shear stresses, and rates of work hardening, of the crystals depend on particle size, spacing and volume fraction, on the temperature and strain rate of the test, and on the shear strength of the matrix material. The effect of particles on the critical shear stress is described, and it is shown that solution hardening and particle hardening are additive at the critical shear stress. The transition from the three stages of work-hardening characteristic of pure copper single crystals to the parabolic curve characteristic of dispersion hardened copper is described by analysing the effect of particles on each stage. Particles introduce a near-parabolic ‘stage α’ which occupies more and more of the stress-strain curve as the v.
Accelerated Evolution of Mitochondrial but Not Nuclear Genomes of Hymenoptera: New Evidence from Crabronid Wasps

Mitochondrial genes in animals are especially useful as molecular markers for the reconstruction of phylogenies among closely related taxa, due to the generally high substitution rates. Several insect orders, notably Hymenoptera and Phthiraptera, show exceptionally high rates of mitochondrial molecular evolution, which has been attributed to the parasitic lifestyle of current or ancestral members of these taxa. Parasitism has been hypothesized to entail frequent population bottlenecks that increase rates of molecular evolution by reducing the efficiency of purifying selection. This effect should result in elevated substitution rates of both nuclear and mitochondrial genes, but to date no extensive comparative study has tested this hypothesis in insects. Here we report the mitochondrial genome of a crabronid wasp, the European beewolf (Philanthus triangulum, Hymenoptera, Crabronidae), and we use it to compare evolutionary rates among the four largest holometabolous insect orders (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera) based on phylogenies reconstructed with whole mitochondrial genomes as well as four single-copy nuclear genes (18S rRNA, arginine kinase, wingless, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase). The mt-genome of P. triangulum is 16,029 bp in size with a mean A+T content of 83.6%, and it encodes the 37 genes typically found in arthropod mt genomes (13 protein-coding, 22 tRNA, and two rRNA genes). Five translocations of tRNA genes were discovered relative to the putative ancestral genome arrangement in insects, and the unusual start codon TTG was predicted for cox2. Phylogenetic analyses revealed significantly longer branches leading to the apocritan Hymenoptera as well as the Orussoidea, to a lesser extent the Cephoidea, and, possibly, the Tenthredinoidea than any of the other holometabolous insect orders for all mitochondrial but none of the four nuclear genes tested. Thus, our results suggest that the ancestral parasitic lifestyle of Apocrita is unlikely to be the major cause for the elevated substitution rates observed in hymenopteran mitochondrial genomes.
Mesocolic Lymph Node Number, Size, and Density: An Anatomical Study

BACKGROUND: Lymph nodes play a critical role in the staging, treatment, and prognosis of colon cancer. However, the normal number and morphology of lymph nodes in the normal mesocolon is unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the number and size of lymph nodes in the ascending and sigmoid mesocolons. DESIGN: This is a descriptive anatomical cadaver study of 10 sigmoid mesocolons and 5 ascending mesocolons, resected in a standardized manner and examined systematically after serial histological sectioning. The number, maximum length, and appearance of lymph nodes were analyzed, and the 2 mesocolons were compared by using the Mann-Whitney U test, the Wilcoxon signed rank test, and the &khgr;2 test. PATIENTS: Ten cadavers (mean age, 82.9 years; 5 male) with no evidence of colorectal disease were examined. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The number, maximum length, and appearance of lymph nodes and fat-associated lymphoid clusters were the primary outcomes measured. RESULTS: The median number of lymph nodes in the sigmoid and ascending mesocolons was 71 (range, 24–116) and 61 (range, 33–71). More than 90% of lymph nodes were less than 5 mm in maximum length. Sigmoid mesocolic nodes were significantly smaller than ascending mesocolic nodes (median maximum lymph nodes length, 1.6 mm vs 2.1 mm; p < 0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference in the density of lymph nodes between the sigmoid and ascending mesocolon. Fatty replacement was seen in almost 30% of lymph nodes. A few fat-associated lymphoid clusters were observed in both mesocolons. LIMITATIONS: Only 15 mesocolic specimens could be examined because of the detailed labor-intensive methodology, and younger cadavers were not available for analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In this descriptive anatomical study, the median number of lymph nodes in the sigmoid and ascending mesocolon was 71 and 61. Ascending mesocolic nodes were significantly larger than sigmoid mesocolic nodes. These anatomical findings are relevant to the interpretation of lymph node yields after the surgical resection of colon cancer.
Role of vasopressin in response to intrarenal infusions of alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists.

Previous studies have indicated that the effects of renal alpha-2 adrenoceptor stimulation are mediated through the blockade of the renal effects of vasopressin. If this premise is correct then 1) specific antagonists of the antidiuretic effect of vasopressin (V2 antagonists) should mimic alpha-2 adrenoceptor stimulation and 2) in the presence of V2 antagonists, the diuretic and natriuretic effect of clonidine should be attenuated. The renal effects of [d(CH2)5,D-Ile2,Ile4]AVP, a specific V2 antagonist, were studied. On the day of the experiment, uninephrectomized rats were anesthetized, and the carotid artery and jugular vein were cannulated for recording blood pressure and saline infusion, respectively. The left kidney was exposed and the ureter cannulated. A 31-gauge needle was advanced into the renal artery to permit direct i.r. infusion of study drugs. Bolus doses of the V2 antagonist (0, 1, 3, 10, or 30 nmol/kg i.v.) produced a dose-related increase in urine volume and free water clearance at all doses tested. Sodium excretion increased only at the higher doses (10 and 30 nmol/kg). This dose-related dissociation in water and then sodium excretion is similar to that observed after i.r. clonidine infusions. In the presence of the V2 antagonist, clonidine (3 micrograms/kg/min) had no effect on urine volume or free water clearance but significantly decreased the excretion of sodium from control. These results demonstrate that V2 antagonists mimic the effects of i.r. clonidine. As well, in the absence of vasopressin (V2 antagonism), the effects of clonidine are attenuated. Moreover, they are also consistent with not only an antidiuretic role for endogenous vasopressin but also an antinatriuretic one.
Cyclic Incrementality in Competitive Coevolution: Evolvability through Pseudo-Baldwinian Switching-Genes

Coevolving systems are notoriously difficult to understand. This is largely due to the Red Queen effect that dictates heterospecific fitness interdependence. In simulation studies of coevolving systems, master tournaments are often used to obtain more informed fitness measures by testing evolved individuals against past and future opponents. However, such tournaments still contain certain ambiguities. We introduce the use of a phenotypic cluster analysis to examine the distribution of opponent categories throughout an evolutionary sequence. This analysis, adopted from widespread usage in the bioinformatics community, can be applied to master tournament data. This allows us to construct behavior-based category trees, obtaining a hierarchical classification of phenotypes that are suspected to interleave during cyclic evolution. We use the cluster data to establish the existence of switching-genes that control opponent specialization, suggesting the retention of dormant genetic adaptations, that is, genetic memory. Our overarching goal is to reiterate how computer simulations may have importance to the broader understanding of evolutionary dynamics in general. We emphasize a further shift from a component-driven to an interaction-driven perspective in understanding coevolving systems. As yet, it is unclear how the sudden development of switching-genes relates to the gradual emergence of genetic adaptability. Likely, context genes gradually provide the appropriate genetic environment wherein the switching-gene effect can be exploited.
Early Drinking and Its Association With Adolescents’ Participation in Risky Behaviors

BACKGROUND: Adolescent alcohol use is a significant public health problem. Drinking before 13 years of age is correlated to the use of illicit drugs and other risky behaviors, such as cigarette smoking. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between adolescents’ early alcohol use and participation in risky behaviors such as smoking marijuana and cigarettes, as well as risky sexual behaviors. STUDY DESIGN: Respondents for this cross-sectional secondary analysis came from a sample of 809 racially diverse adolescents in a community-based study examining familial influences on offspring outcomes. RESULTS: Early-onset drinking, compared with nondrinking, was significantly related to participating in many of the risky behaviors. Many of the relationships persisted in the multivariable models that adjusted for demographic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Early drinking was associated with participation in various risky behaviors (e.g., multiple sexual partners, unprotected intercourse), which may negatively alter an adolescent’s future. Screening should focus on the co-occurrence of such behaviors.
Advances in the Treatment of Syndromic Midface Hypoplasia Using Monobloc and Facial Bipartition Distraction Osteogenesis

Abstract Midface hypoplasia or retrusion remains a persistent feature of syndromic craniosynostosis years after successful treatment of the cranium. Although expansion of the cranial vault in infancy by traditional fronto-orbital advancement, posterior expansion, or both, can treat the immediate intracranial constriction, midface hypoplasia and its stigmata of exorbitism, sleep apnea, central face concavity, and malocclusion remain suboptimally treated. Initial enthusiasm for the procedures was tempered due to a high rate of infectious complications; timing and indications for surgery continue to stir controversy. During the last decade renewed interest with the monobloc and facial bipartition procedure using distraction osteogenesis with either an internal or external distraction system has decreased morbidity significantly. These procedures have re-emerged as powerful and comprehensive tools in the treatment of syndromic midface hypoplasia.
Joint optimization of TCP congestion control and distributed CSMA scheduling

Relying on a design-space oriented cross-layer optimization approach, we develop joint TCP congestion control and CSMA scheduling schemes for mobile applications over Internet with distributed multi-hop wireless links. Different from the existing solutions, the proposed schemes can be asynchronously implemented without message passing among network nodes. Confined to the design space of TCP and CSMA, they are readily deployed with current Internet infrastructure. Moreover, global convergence/stability of the proposed schemes to optimal equilibrium is established by using the Lyapunov method in an idealized network fluid model. Simulation results are provided to evaluate the proposed schemes in practical networks.
Investigating Retrieval-Induced Forgetting During Information Requirements Determination

Radha Appan Nance College of Business Administration Cleveland State University radha.appan@gmail.com Glenn J. Browne McIntire School of Commerce University of Virginia gbrowne@virginia.edu Successful systems development requires that appropriate and accurate information be gathered from people who use or will use the system. One critical issue in information gathering is the recall of relevant information by users and other stakeholders. Prior research has shown that users do not recall all the relevant information they have about the requirements for systems, and we suggest that this problem is exacerbated by current systems development practice, in which the same users are often interviewed multiple times by analysts. A potential theoretical explanation for recall failure in requirements determination is the psychological phenomenon known as Retrieval-Induced Forgetting. Retrieval-Induced Forgetting (RIF) theory and empirical findings show that when people are asked to recall information about a situation multiple times, they are likely to recall the same information on subsequent attempts as they recalled on the first attempt (to the exclusion of other relevant information). Although the RIF phenomenon has been investigated in several contexts, such as eyewitness testimony, there have been no studies that have examined the issue in applied contexts such as systems development, in which prior domain knowledge exists and has been learned over a period of time by users and other stakeholders. In the current study, experimental results showed the presence of RIF in both short-term and longer-term information requirements determination (IRD) contexts, thereby providing a memory-based explanation for missing requirements in IRD. Our results have strong implications for the type and sequencing of requirements elicitation techniques and demonstrate threats to both traditional and iterative development methodologies.
Adenovirus Vector-Induced Immune Responses in Nonhuman Primates: Responses to Prime Boost Regimens1

In the phase IIb STEP trial an HIV-1 vaccine based on adenovirus (Ad) vectors of the human serotype 5 (AdHu5) not only failed to induce protection but also increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in individuals with preexisting neutralizing Abs against AdHu5. The mechanisms underlying the increased HIV-1 acquisition rates have not yet been elucidated. Furthermore, it remains unclear if the lack of the vaccine’s efficacy reflects a failure of the concept of T cell-mediated protection against HIV-1 or a product failure of the vaccine. Here, we compared two vaccine regimens based on sequential use of AdHu5 vectors or two different chimpanzee-derived Ad vectors in rhesus macaques that were AdHu5 seropositive or seronegative at the onset of vaccination. Our results show that heterologous booster immunizations with the chimpanzee-derived Ad vectors induced higher T and B cell responses than did repeated immunizations with the AdHu5 vector, especially in AdHu5-preexposed macaques.
Asymptotically Optimal Lower Bounds on the NIH-Multi-Party Information Complexity of the AND-Function and Disjointness

Here we prove an asymptotically optimal lower bound on the information complexity of the $k$-party disjointness function with the unique intersection promise, an important special case of the well known disjointness problem, and the AND$_k$-function in the number in the hand model. Our $\Omega(n/k)$ bound for disjointness improves on an earlier $\Omega(n/(k \log k))$ bound by Chakrabarti {\it et al.}~(2003), who obtained an asymptotically tight lower bound for one-way protocols, but failed to do so for the general case. Our result eliminates both the gap between the upper and the lower bound for unrestricted protocols and the gap between the lower bounds for one-way protocols and unrestricted protocols.
A class of Petri nets for manufacturing system integration

This paper introduces a class of Petri nets which are reversible, live, and can be kept bounded. Furthermore, these Petri nets have output transitions that can be fired independently from each other. These properties are required when modeling manufacturing systems. Another important property is that the integration of models which belong to this class of Petri nets still belongs to the same class, assuming that the integration is performed following rules which reflect common manufacturing practice. As a result, the qualitative properties of the module models are preserved. The results obtained in this paper are expected to shed light on the design, management and control of large scale manufacturing systems since modular approach is a way to cope with complexity.
Lack of Sex Differences in High Density Lipoproteins in Pima Indians: Studies of Obesity, Lipase Activities, and Steroid Hormones

To Investigate the reasons for the lack of sex differences In high density llpoprotelns (HDL) observed In population studies of the Plma Indians, we selected 18 lean (9 men, 9 women, body mass Index (BMI) < 27) and 22 obese (12 men, 10 women, BMI > 27) Plma Indians for an Inpatlent study of HDL composition. We measured lipase activities and steroid hormone concentrations, both of which have previously been Implicated In the control of HDL. The lean women had higher concentrations of HDL and HDL2 than did either the obese women or the lean or obese men. Lean women had significantly lower hepatic lipase activities and significantly higher concentrations of estradlol compared to obese women. Lean women also had different HDL2 composition, as Indicated by the molar ratio of HDL2 cholesterol/A-l. Significant negative correlations between HDL and obesity measured by either BMI or percent body fat were observed In both sexes, but the slope of the relationship was steeper In women. Significant negative associations were observed between HDL or HDL2 concentrations and hepatic lipase In both sexes, and there were significant positive associations between HDL2 and plasma estradlol In women. The data suggest that obesity In this population has a stronger negative Influence on HDL concentrations In women, possibly through changes In estradlol and hepatic lipase activities. Since there are so few lean women In the Plma population, the net result Is that HDL levels In women In the population as a whole do not differ from those of men.
Analysis of French electric market using heteroscedastic models of time series

A dynamic long memory regression model with autoregressive errors is considered for the analysis of hourly electricity spot prices. The method provides reliable and accurate forecasts of hourly prices in the electricity market of France, Powernext day-ahead. The presence of significant autocorrelation in squared residual recommends to fit a conditional heteroscedastic time series model. These models together have appealing economic and statistical implications.