Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of Oral Anticoagulants for Stroke Prevention in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Who Have a History of Intracranial Hemorrhage

Background— The risk of further intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and the benefit of stroke risk reduction with the use of oral anticoagulants for patients who have atrial fibrillation with a history of ICH remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the risks and benefits in patients who have atrial fibrillation with a previous ICH treated with warfarin or antiplatelet drugs in comparison with no antithrombotic therapies. Methods and Results— This study used the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Among 307 640 patients who have atrial fibrillation with a CHA2DS2-VASc score ≧2, 12 917 patients with a history of ICH were identified and were assigned to 1 of 3 groups, that is, no treatment, antiplatelet therapy, and warfarin. Among patients with previous ICH, the rate of ICH and ischemic stroke in untreated patients was 4.2 and 5.8 per 100 person-years, respectively. The annual ICH and ischemic stroke rates in warfarin users were 5.9% and 3.4%, respectively. Among users of antiplatelet agents, the rates were 5.3% per year and 5.2% per year, respectively. The number needed to treat for preventing 1 ischemic stroke was lower than the number needed to harm for producing 1 ICH with warfarin use for patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc score ≧6 (37 versus 56). The number needed to treat was higher than the number needed to harm for patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc score <6 (63 versus 53). Conclusions— Warfarin use may be beneficial for patients who have atrial fibrillation with a previous ICH having a CHA2DS2-VASc score ≧6. Whether the use of non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants could lower the threshold for treatment deserves further study.
A Fast Clustering Algorithm to Cluster Very Large Categorical Data Sets in Data Mining

Partitioning a large set of objects into homogeneous clusters is a fundamental operation in data mining. The k-means algorithm is best suited for implementing this operation because of its efficiency in clustering large data sets. However, working only on numeric values limits its use in data mining because data sets in data mining often contain categorical values. In this paper we present an algorithm, called k-modes, to extend the k-means paradigm to categorical domains. We introduce new dissimilarity measures to deal with categorical objects, replace means of clusters with modes, and use a frequency based method to update modes in the clustering process to minimise the clustering cost function. Tested with the well known soybean disease data set the algorithm has demonstrated a very good classification performance. Experiments on a very large health insurance data set consisting of half a million records and 34 categorical attributes show that the algorithm is scalable in terms of both the number of clusters and the number of records.
Embodiment and Emotional Memory in First vs. Second Language

Language and emotions are closely linked. However, previous research suggests that this link is stronger in a native language (L1) than in a second language (L2) that had been learned later in life. The present study investigates whether such reduced emotionality in L2 is reflected in changes in emotional memory and embodied responses to L2 in comparison to L1. Late Spanish/English bilinguals performed a memory task involving an encoding and a surprise retrieval phase. Facial motor resonance and skin conductance (SC) responses were recorded during encoding. The results give first indications that the enhanced memory for emotional vs. neutral content (EEM effect) is stronger in L1 and less present in L2. Furthermore, the results give partial support for decreased facial motor resonance and SC responses to emotional words in L2 as compared to L1. These findings suggest that embodied knowledge involved in emotional memory is associated to increased affective encoding and retrieval of L1 compared to L2.
Test generation and scheduling for layout-based detection of bridge faults in interconnects

This paper presents a new approach to detecting faults in interconnects; the novelty of the proposed approach is that test generation and scheduling are established using the physical characteristics of the layout of the interconnect under test. This includes critical area extraction and a realistic fault model for a structural methodology. Physical layout information is used to model the adjacencies in an interconnect and possible bridge faults with a weighted graph, which is then analyzed to appropriately compact the tests and schedule their execution for (early) detection of bridge faults. Generation and compaction of the test vectors are accomplished by calculating node and edge weight heuristics from the weighted adjacency graph. Simulation has been performed for unweighted and weighted fault models. Results on random interconnects and the local interconnect of a commercially available field-programmable gate array are provided. The advantage of the proposed approach is that, on average, early detection of faults is possible using significantly fewer tests than with previous approaches. A further advantage is that it represents a realistic alternative to adaptive testing because it avoids costly on-line test generation, while still having a small number of vectors.
Identification of glycoprotein IIb as the lipoprotein(a)-binding protein on platelets. Lipoprotein(a) binding is independent of an arginyl-glycyl-aspartate tripeptide located in apolipoprotein(a).

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] plays an important role in atherosclerosis. The amino acid sequence of apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] reveals an arginyl-glycyl-aspartate (RGD) tripeptide that is the consensus sequence for binding of adhesive plasma proteins of the fibrinolytic system, such as fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor, to the platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb-IIIa (GPIIb-IIIa) complex. Therefore, we undertook the present study to further investigate the role of Lp(a) in hemostasis. Binding of 125I-Lp(a) to a single platelet membrane-associated protein (137 +/- 6 kD) comigrating with platelet GPIIb (140 kD) was found to be specific, saturable, and Ca2+ independent. Binding of 125I-Lp(a) to resting human blood platelets was saturable, insensitive to temperature, and independent of the apo(a) isoform (B, S1 through S3). Scatchard analysis revealed a Kd of 7.2 +/- 1.8 x 10(-9) mol/L, with 729 +/- 313 Lp(a) molecules bound per platelet. Monoclonal anti-GPIIb IgG diminished Lp(a) binding by approximately 80%, monoclonal anti-GPIIb-IIIa IgG by 60%, and anti-GPIIIa IgG by just 15%. 125I-Lp(a) binding was competitively inhibited to the same extent by either unlabeled Lp(a) or fibrinogen. Low- and high-density lipoproteins were much weaker competitors. A polyclonal antibody raised against the RGDGQSYRGT sequence of apo(a) was used to verify the presence of an RGD sequence in the different Lp(a) preparations investigated. However, two lines of evidence indicated that the RGD sequence is not the binding domain mediating Lp(a) binding to platelets. First, incubation of platelets with isolated RGD tripeptide did not influence Lp(a) binding. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Completely bounded maps into certain Hilbertian operator spaces

We prove a factorization of completely bounded maps from a C*-algebra A (or an exact operator space E ⊂ A) to l 2 equipped with the operator space structure of (C,R) θ (0 0 such that for all a ∈ A, ‖ua‖2≤Cf(a*a)1−θg(aa*)θ. This extends the case θ = 1/2 treated in a recent paper with Shlyakhtenko (2002). The constants we obtain tend to 1 when θ → 0 or θ→ 1, so that we recover, when θ = 0 (or θ = 1), the case of mappings into C (or into R), due to Effros and Ruan. We use analogs of “free Gaussian” families in nonsemifinite von Neumann algebras. As an application, we obtain that, if 0 < θ < 1, (C,R) θ does not embed completely isomorphically into the predual of a semifinite von Neumann algebra. Moreover, we characterize the subspaces S ⊂ R ⊕ C such that the dual operator space S* embeds (completely isomorphically) into M* for some semifinite von Neumann algebra M: the only possibilities are S = R, S = C, S = R ∩ C and direct sums built out of these three spaces. We also discuss when S ⊂ R ⊕ C is injective, and give a simpler proof of a result due to Oikhberg on this question. In the appendix, we present a proof of Junge's theorem that OH embeds completely isomorphically into a noncommutative L 1 -space. The main idea is similar to Junge's, but we base the argument on complex interpolation and Shlyakhtenko's generalized circular systems (or “generalized free Gaussian”), which somewhat unifies Junge's ideas with those of our work with Shlyakhtenko (2002).
Decision , Risk and Operations Working Papers Series The cost of moral hazard and limited liability in the principal-agent problem

In this paper we quantify the potential social-welfare loss due to the existence of limited liability in the principal-agent problem. The worst-case welfare loss is defined as the largest possible ratio between the social welfare when the agent chooses the effort that is optimal for the system and that of the sub-game perfect equilibrium of the game. Our main result establishes that under the monotone likelihood-ratio property and a limited liability constraint, the worst-case welfare loss (also known as the Price of Anarchy) is exactly equal to the number of efforts available.
Multiple Detection-Aided Low-Observable Track Initialization Using ML-PDA

In low signal-to-noise ratio or heavy clutter environments, target track initialization is a challenging task. The maximum likelihood probabilistic data association (ML-PDA) algorithm has been demonstrated to be effective in dealing with this issue. In practical scenarios, multiple signals from one target via different propagation paths can be detected in a scan. Signals from different propagation paths convey useful information and can improve track initialization performance. However, the conventional ML-PDA algorithm assumes that a target can generate at most one detection per scan. That is, it cannot handle multiple target-originated measurements per scan correctly, nor take full advantage of the additional information contained in those seemingly extraneous returns. In this paper, a multiple-detection ML-PDA (MD-ML-PDA) estimator is proposed to rectify this shortcoming. The proposed estimator exploits the additional information available in all measurements by considering the combinatorial events of association that are formed from MD patterns. It is capable of handling the possibility of multiple target-originated measurements per scan with less-than-unity detection probability for various paths in the presence of clutter. The proposed MD-ML-PDA estimator is applied to a simulated sonar target tracking scenario. The same algorithm can be used on other angle-only tracking problems as well. Results show that MD-ML-PDA can effectively handle multiple target-originated measurements and yield improved track initialization performance over the traditional single detection ML-PDA. The Cramer–Rao lower bound for MD track initialization is also derived.
Study of system performance in a 107-km dispersion-managed recirculating loop due to polarization effects

We investigate the polarization evolution for both signal and noise in two 107-km recirculating loops with polarization-dependent loss per round-trip of 0.35 dB and less than 0.1 dB, respectively. When the system is optimized, in the first case, both signal and noise are polarized, while in the second case, the signal tends to depolarize due to the noise. We experimentally measured and theoretically simulated the Q factor distribution, which is far from what is expected for straight-line systems, after 5000 km in the second case. We also suggest a simple method for obtaining the same Q distribution in recirculating loop experiments as expected in straight-line experiments.
Role of the primate basal ganglia in saccadic eye movements

The basal ganglia are critical for motor behavior, and a well-known deficit of basal ganglia disorders is the loss of voluntary control over movements. Many studies on the role of basal ganglia in saccadic eye movements have focused on the caudate and substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr). It has remained unclear, however, whether neurons in other nuclei of the basal ganglia are active during oculomotor behavior and, if they are, whether their activity is preferential for voluntary saccades. We ventured beyond the caudate-SNr pathway to study the globus pallidus externa (GPe) and interna (GPi). First we recorded from neurons in GPe and GPi (and for comparison, in SNr) in monkeys that made memory-guided saccades. Neurons in all three structures had activity synchronized with saccade generation, visual stimulation, or reward. GPe activity was strongly visual-related while GPi activity was more reward-related. The distribution of signals in GPe, but not GPi, resembled that found in SNr. Response fields of neurons in all three structures were more spatially tuned early in trials (during visual and saccadic events) than later in trials (during reward). In our second study, we examined whether saccade-related activity in GPe and GPi was preferentially active for voluntary saccades as defined in two ways: made in the absence of visual stimulation and made in the absence of instructions. We designed tasks that covered all four permutations of presence or absence of visual stimulation and instruction, and analyzed neuronal activity associated with the same vectors of saccades across all the tasks. For about half of the saccade-related neurons in all three structures, saccade-related activity varied with task context. The most prominent factor accounting for differential saccade-related activity was instructional context. Surprisingly, we found higher activity for instructed saccades. Preferential activity for non-instructed (highly voluntary) tasks was rare in individual neurons and absent at the population level.We conclude that GPe and GPi, in addition to SNr, may contribute to oculomotor behavior, and that none of these structures are preferentially active for voluntary saccades. Both of these results provide new views on the role of basal ganglia in eye movements.
Possibilities of the Positive Following Violence and Trauma

The effects of trauma and violence may be better understood by taking a broader perspective that includes resilience and recovery as well as damage and symptomatology. Based on this broader view, this article describes three interrelated, cutting-edge trends in mental health research: (a) the positive psychology movement, (b) the recognition of the role of spirituality and religion in health and well-being, and (c) stress-related growth. The integration of these trends into mainstream studies of trauma and violence will provide a counterbalance to the predominant orientation of victimization and pathology currently evidenced in the literature. All three have important implications for survivors of violence and trauma.
DECOMPOSITION OF THE HRTF FROM A SPHERE WITH NECK AND HAIR

Sphere scattering models are commonly used with binaural synthesis as they provide a convenient approximation of the acoustic characteristics of the human head. However these models suffer from being an over simplification of human geometry, and if used in isolation provide ambiguous source location cues. Such models also over exemplify the lobe of increased pressure (bright spot) that occurs at the rear of the sphere due to symmetrically diffracted waves arriving in phase. This paper uses decomposition to examine how the addition of a cylindrical neck and hemispherical hair covering alters the azimuthal head-related transfer function (HRTF) from a rigid sphere (up to 5 kHz). Neither anthropometric feature provides a major perturbation of the sphere HRTF. The neck produces a reduction in the bright spot magnitude in the order of 2-4 dB. The hair produces asymmetrical changes to the HRTF for ipsilateral angles in the order of 1-2 dB. Additional asymmetric reductions in the order of 2-4 dB are seen for contralateral angles when the source is near the interaural axis.
Identification and In Vivo Functional Analysis of a Virginiamycin S Resistance Gene (varS) from Streptomyces virginiae

ABSTRACT BarA of Streptomyces virginiae is a specific receptor protein for virginiae butanolide (VB), one of the γ-butyrolactone autoregulators of the Streptomyces species, and acts as a transcriptional regulator controlling both virginiamycin production and VB biosynthesis. The downstream gene barB, the transcription of which is under the tight control of the VB-BarA system, was found to be transcribed as a polycistronic mRNA with its downstream region, and DNA sequencing revealed a 1,554-bp open reading frame (ORF) beginning at 161 bp downstream of the barBtermination codon. The ORF product showed high homology (68 to 73%) to drug efflux proteins having 14 transmembrane segments and was namedvarS (for S. virginiae antibiotic resistance). Heterologous expression of varS with S. lividans as a host resulted in virginiamycin S-specific resistance, suggesting that varS encoded a virginiamycin S-specific transport protein. Northern blot analysis indicated that the bicistronic transcript of barB-varS appeared 1 to 2 h before the onset of virginiamycin M1 and S production, at which time VB was produced, while exogenously added virginiamycin S apparently induced the monocistronic varS transcript.
High-Level Expression, Purification and Large-Scale Production of l-Methionine γ-Lyase from Idiomarina as a Novel Anti-Leukemic Drug

l-Methionine γ-lyase (MGL), a pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-dependent enzyme, possesses anti-tumor activity. However, the low activity of MGL blocks the anti-tumor effect. This study describes an efficient production process for the recombinant MGL (rMGL) from Idiomarina constructed using the overexpression plasmid in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), purification, and large-scale production. The enzyme produced by the transformants accounted for 53% of the total proteins and accumulated at 1.95 mg/mL using a 500 L fermentor. The enzyme was purified to approximately 99% purity using a high-pressure mechanical homogenizer and nickel (Ni) Sepharose 6 Fast Flow (FF) chromatography. Then, the enzyme was polished by gel filtration, the endotoxins were removed using diethyl-aminoethanol (DEAE) Sepharose FF, and the final product was lyophilized with a vacuum freeze dryer at −35 °C. The specific activity of rMGL in the lyophilized powder was up to 108 U/mg. Compared to the control, the enzyme significantly inhibited cellular proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner as tested using the MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay and induced cellular apoptosis as analyzed by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) in leukemia cells. This paper demonstrated the cloning, overexpression, and large-scale production protocols for rMGL, which enabled rMGL to be used as a novel anti-leukemic drug.
Computing Sparse Representations of Multidimensional Signals Using Kronecker Bases

Recently there has been great interest in sparse representations of signals under the assumption that signals (data sets) can be well approximated by a linear combination of few elements of a known basis (dictionary). Many algorithms have been developed to find such representations for one-dimensional signals (vectors), which requires finding the sparsest solution of an underdetermined linear system of algebraic equations. In this letter, we generalize the theory of sparse representations of vectors to multiway arrays (tensors)—signals with a multidimensional structure—by using the Tucker model. Thus, the problem is reduced to solving a large-scale underdetermined linear system of equations possessing a Kronecker structure, for which we have developed a greedy algorithm, Kronecker-OMP, as a generalization of the classical orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm for vectors. We also introduce the concept of multiway block-sparse representation of N-way arrays and develop a new greedy algorithm that exploits not only the Kronecker structure but also block sparsity. This allows us to derive a very fast and memory-efficient algorithm called N-BOMP (N-way block OMP). We theoretically demonstrate that under the block-sparsity assumption, our N-BOMP algorithm not only has a considerably lower complexity but is also more precise than the classic OMP algorithm. Moreover, our algorithms can be used for very large-scale problems, which are intractable using standard approaches. We provide several simulations illustrating our results and comparing our algorithms to classical algorithms such as OMP and BP (basis pursuit) algorithms. We also apply the N-BOMP algorithm as a fast solution for the compressed sensing (CS) problem with large-scale data sets, in particular, for 2D compressive imaging (CI) and 3D hyperspectral CI, and we show examples with real-world multidimensional signals.
The Genetic-environmental Architecture of Proactive and Reactive Aggression Throughout Childhood

Proactive aggression (PA) describes an instrumental behavior that is goal-oriented, whereas reactive aggression (RA) refers to an angry or frustrated aggressive response to a real or perceived threat. Little is known about the respective roles of genetic (G) and environmental (E) factors associated with PA and RA during childhood. The objectives of this study were to investigate a) the G-E etiology of the commonality between PA and RA and b) the presence of G or E components specific to PA or RA throughout childhood (i.e., from 6 to 12 years of age). Participants were 254 monozygotic and 413 dizygotic pairs. Teacher reports of PA and RA were obtained at 6, 7, 9, 10 and 12 years of age. Throughout childhood, genetic factors accounted for most of the common variance between PA and RA, as well as their specificity. Shared environment played no role. Specifically, genetic factors common to PA and RA explained between 39% and 45% of the variance in PA, and between 27% and 42% of the variance in RA. Genetic factor also uniquely accounted for only but a small percentage (9% at 6 years and 3% at 9 years old) of the variation in PA. As for RA, three distinctive genetic factors contributed to phenotypic variation throughout childhood and explained between 12% and 22% of variance. Dynamic genetic factors accounted for the commonality in PA and RA, and for the specificity of RA. Few genetic factors were unique to PA; in contrast, for RA, an early, specific and persistent genetic factor was found alongside new genetic factors that appeared at later ages. These results challenge theoretical models that focus primarily on the effects of environmental factors in the etiology of reactive and proactive aggression.