Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subjetividad Adolescente: Tendiendo Puentes Entre la Ofertay Demanda de Apoyo Psicosocial Para Jóvenes

El presente articulo reflexiona en torno a la tension existente entre la oferta de programas y servicios para adolescentes y la demanda de apoyo y servicios de este grupo poblacional. Se plantea que dada la ausencia de la perspectiva adolescente en el desarrollo de programas y politicas dirigidas a dicha poblacion, la oferta programatica responde a creencias y expectativas del mundo adulto. Se propone que la subjetividad adolescente debe ser reconocida e integrada con el objeto de articular en mejor forma la oferta y demanda de programas y servicios para jovenes. A traves del analisis de las nociones de apoyo psicosocial (como oferta) y las conductas de busqueda de apoyo (desde la perspectiva de la demanda), el presente articulo pretende iluminar la discusion respecto de como enfocar el diseno e implementacion de programas y politicas que esten orientadas a promover el desarrollo juvenil.
Convergence Theorems for Some Layout Measures on Random Lattice and Random Geometric Graphs

This work deals with convergence theorems and bounds on the cost of several layout measures for lattice graphs, random lattice graphs and sparse random geometric graphs. Specifically, we consider the following problems: Minimum Linear Arrangement, Cutwidth, Sum Cut, Vertex Separation, Edge Bisection and Vertex Bisection. For full square lattices, we give optimal layouts for the problems still open. For arbitrary lattice graphs, we present best possible bounds disregarding a constant factor. We apply percolation theory to the study of lattice graphs in a probabilistic setting. In particular, we deal with the subcritical regime that this class of graphs exhibits and characterize the behaviour of several layout measures in this space of probability. We extend the results on random lattice graphs to random geometric graphs, which are graphs whose nodes are spread at random in the unit square and whose edges connect pairs of points which are within a given distance. We also characterize the behaviour of several layout measures on random geometric graphs in their subcritical regime. Our main results are convergence theorems that can be viewed as an analogue of the Beardwood, Halton and Hammersley theorem for the Euclidean TSP on random points in the unit square.
Brand Trust and Affect in the Luxury Brand-Customer Relationship

The influences of trust and affect on increasing likelihood to purchase luxury brands was examined. Because in most existing studies of luxury brand female customers have been targeted, in contrast a more comprehensive luxury brand loyalty building framework for male customers was demonstrated in this study. Results show a significant path from brand affect to brand trust, and from brand trust to brand risk and brand loyalty. The findings imply that brand affect, indirectly via brand trust, and brand trust directly, enhance brand loyalty behaviors and reduce perceived brand risk. The significant role of brand trust in building brand loyalty should be noted and more trust building oriented brand management strategies should be developed.
Massive Star Formation via High Accretion Rates and Early Disk-driven Outflows

We present an investigation of the massive star formation that results from the gravitational collapse of massive, magnetized molecular cloud cores. We investigate this by means of highly resolved, numerical simulations of initial magnetized Bonnor-Ebert-spheres that undergo collapse and cooling. By comparing three different cases—an isothermal collapse, a collapse with radiative cooling, and a magnetized collapse—we show that massive stars assemble quickly, with mass accretion rates exceeding 10-3 M☉ yr-1. We confirm that the mass accretion during the collapsing phase is much more efficient than predicted by self-similar collapse solutions, i.e., Ṁ ~ c3/G. We find that during protostellar assembly, the mass accretion reaches 20-100 times c3/G. Furthermore, we determined the self-consistent structure of the bipolar outflows produced in our three-dimensional magnetized collapse simulations. These outflows produce cavities out of which radiation pressure can be released, thereby reducing the limitations on the final mass of massive stars formed by gravitational collapse. Moreover, we argue that the extraction of angular momentum by disk-threaded magnetic fields and/or by the appearance of bars with spiral arms significantly enhances the mass accretion rate, thereby helping the massive protostar to assemble more quickly.
Oculomotor behaviour as a reflection of attention and memory processes: Neural mechanisms and applications to human factors

The present paper provides a review of the current state of knowledge on the neuroanatomical circuits underlying different types of eye movements, including prosaccades, antisaccades and memory-driven saccades. This is accomplished through a review of human lesion, neuroimaging and psychophysical studies. Research which has focused on the explication of the role of attentional and memory processes in oculomotor control is also reviewed and discussed. Finally, it is suggested how this knowledge might be applied in the study of a variety of different issues of relevance to human factors including display design, workload assessment, training and selection.
Establishment of the primary imprint of the HYMAI/PLAGL1 imprint control region during oogenesis

Imprinting within domains occurs through epigenetic alterations to imprinting centers (ICs) that result in the establishment of parental-specific differences in gene expression. One candidate IC lies within the imprinted domain on human chromosome region 6q24. This domain contains two paternally expressed genes, the zinc finger protein gene PLAGL1 (ZAC/LOT1) and an untranslated mRNAcalled HYMAI. The putative IC overlaps exon 1 of HYMAI and is differentially methylated in somatic tissues. In humans, loss of methylation within this region is seen in some patients with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus, and hypermethylation of this region is found in ovarian cancer and is associated with changes in expression of PLAGL1, suggesting that it plays a key role in regulating gene expression. Differential methylation within this region is conserved in the homologous region on mouse chromosome 10A and is present on the maternal allele. In this paper, we report that DNA methylation is established during the growth phase of oogenesis and that this coincides with the establishment of monoallelic expression from this region lending further support to the hypothesis that this region functions as an IC.
Geochemical Assessment of the Impact of Mine Tailings Reclamation on the Quality of Soils at AngloGold Concession, Obuasi, Ghana

This study assessed the geochemical impact of mine tailings reclamation on the quality of soils from the AngloGold Concession, Obuasi, Ghana. Soil samples from mine tailings reclamation sites were evaluated for the concentrations of plant nutrients and trace metals. Contaminations of trace metals, using geochemical pollution indices were used to assess possible effects on agriculture and livelihoods. The average pH ranges from 7.6 to 8.4 at the ex-tailing sites whiles the control site is 6.0. Organic carbon and nitrogen levels at the ex- tailings site are low due to topsoil loss. Average available P and K levels were low or very low; i.e., <20 and <40 mg/kg, respectively at both ex-tailing and control sites. Average EC values as well as individual values of all the soils were less than 2 dS/m, while average ESP and individual soil values were less than 15%, indicating that the soils are non saline. Average ECEC levels, contributed by Ca and Mg, are medium at the ex-tailing sites but low at the control sites. The concentrations of arsenic (As), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) were compared to their respective background concentrations to calculate their contamination factors and geo-accumulation indices at all the examined areas. Average concentration values for As are consistently high; presenting the highest value of 426.67 mg/kg at Area 3 and the least of 72.03 mg/kg at the control site, above the Netherlands soil/sediment intervention guideline value of 55 mg/kg for remediation. Furthermore, estimates from the geochemical evaluations indicated that As contamination was very high and therefore poses a threat to agricultural land use as well as general environmental quality.
Abnormal lysosomal trafficking and enhanced exosomal export of cisplatin in drug-resistant human ovarian carcinoma cells

Previous work has shown that cisplatin (CDDP) becomes concentrated in lysosomes, and that acquired resistance to CDDP is associated with abnormalities of protein trafficking and secretion. The lysosomal compartment in CDDP-sensitive 2008 human ovarian carcinoma cells was compared with that in CDDP-resistant 2008/C13*5.25 subline using deconvoluting imaging and specific dyes and antibodies. The lysosomal compartment in CDDP-resistant cells was reduced to just 40% of that in the parental CDDP-sensitive cells (P < 0.002). This was accompanied by a reduced expression of the lysosome-associated proteins 1 and 2 (LAMP1 and LAMP2) as determined by both microscopy and Western blot analysis. The CDDP-resistant cells released more protein as exosomes and Western blot analysis revealed that these exosomes contained substantially more LAMP1 than those released by the CDDP-sensitive cells. Following loading of the whole cell with CDDP, the exosomes released from 2008/C13*5.25 cells contained 2.6-fold more platinum than those released from sensitive cells. Enhanced exosomal export was accompanied by higher exosomal levels of the putative CDDP export transporters MRP2, ATP7A, and ATP7B. Expression profiling identified significant increases in the expression of several genes whose products function in membrane fusion and vesicle trafficking. This study shows that the lysosomal compartment of human ovarian carcinoma cells selected for stable resistance to CDDP is markedly reduced in size, and that these cells abnormally sort some lysosomal proteins and the putative CDDP transporters into an exosomal pathway that also exports CDDP.
Disaster Risk and Business Cycles

To construct a business cycle model consistent with the observed behavior of asset prices, and study the effect of shocks to aggregate uncertainty, I introduce a small, time-varying risk of economic disaster in a standard real business cycle model. The paper establishes two simple theoretical results: first, when the probability of disaster is constant, the risk of disaster does not affect the path of macroeconomic aggregates - a "separation theorem" between macroeconomic quantities and asset prices in the spirit of Tallarini (2000). Second, shocks to the probability of disaster, which generate variation in risk premia over time, are observationally equivalent to preference shocks. An increase in the perceived probability of disaster leads to a collapse of investment and a recession, an increase in risk spreads, and a decrease in the yield on safe assets. To assess the empirical validity of the model, I infer the probability of disaster from observed asset prices and feed it into the model. The variation over time in this probability appears to account for a significant fraction of business cycle dynamics, especially sharp downturns in investment and output such as 2008-IV.
A RISK THEORETICAL MODEL

A risk theoretical simulation model is here applied in order to assess the default risk of a general insurer along a medium-term time horizon. Different ruin barriers are regarded and by the results of the simulation model is then built up a Risk vs Return trade-off to analyse the most appropriate strategies in order to satisfy the insurer targets. Clearly not only profitability level but also risk measures must be taken into account, with special reference to minimum capital levels required by the insurance regulators. At this regard different suitable strategies may be pursued and, among these, reinsurance is one of the most relevant for the insurance risk management. To increase the volume of business is a natural target for the management of an insurance company, but that may cause a need of either new capital or/and reinsurance for solvency requirements and consequently a reduction in profitability for stockholders is likely to occur. Only conventional coverages as quota share and excess of loss reinsurance are here regarded, but it is emphasized how effective they can be on the risk/return profile of a general insurer.
Strategic Differences in Mental Rotation Tasks Based on Gaze Durations

The objective of this study is to investigate whether strategy differences in mental rotation performance can be explained using gaze durations collected from an eye tracker. To investigate this, 36 participants were administered an electronic version of the Purdue Spatial Visual Test: Rotation. Three questions (out of 30) were selected based on the overall response accuracy to represent an easy, moderately difficult, and difficult question. Participants were then segmented into two groups (high accuracy and low accuracy) based on test scores. Significant interaction effects between the groups and the five possible choices were observed for the gaze durations of each question (easy: F(4,170) = 9.05, p < 0.0001; moderately difficult: F(4,170) = 41.12, p < 0.0001; difficult: F(4,170) = 2.89, p< 0.05). The gaze durations of the high accuracy group were primarily skewed towards one of the five potential response choices suggesting a holistic approach. For the low accuracy group, an analytic approach appears likely with gaze durations more evenly distributed across all choices.
Learning Local Image Descriptors with Deep Siamese and Triplet Convolutional Networks by Minimizing Global Loss Functions

Recent innovations in training deep convolutional neural network (ConvNet) models have motivated the design of new methods to automatically learn local image descriptors. The latest deep ConvNets proposed for this task consist of a siamese network that is trained by penalising misclassification of pairs of local image patches. Current results from machine learning show that replacing this siamese by a triplet network can improve the classification accuracy in several problems, but this has yet to be demonstrated for local image descriptor learning. Moreover, current siamese and triplet networks have been trained with stochastic gradient descent that computes the gradient from individual pairs or triplets of local image patches, which can make them prone to overfitting. In this paper, we first propose the use of triplet networks for the problem of local image descriptor learning. Furthermore, we also propose the use of a global loss that minimises the overall classification error in the training set, which can improve the generalisation capability of the model. Using the UBC benchmark dataset for comparing local image descriptors, we show that the triplet network produces a more accurate embedding than the siamese network in terms of the UBC dataset errors. Moreover, we also demonstrate that a combination of the triplet and global losses produces the best embedding in the field, using this triplet network. Finally, we also show that the use of the central-surround siamese network trained with the global loss produces the best result of the field on the UBC dataset.
Sore Losers: News Frames, Policy Debates, and Emotions

This study examined whether news framing of policy debates shapes audience members’ emotions. An experiment revolving around the issue of campaign finance reform tested the effects of conflict and substance coverage on anger and disgust among participants. Conflict coverage produced a conditional effect on these emotions, whereas substance coverage did not. Specifically, the extent to which conflict coverage provoked anger and disgust increased with prior support for the losing side of the debate (in this case, the pro-campaign finance reform side). Such effects may carry implications for political journalism and democratic politics.
Anomalous hall effect

We present a review of experimental and theoretical studies of the anomalous Hall effect (AHE), focusing on recent developments that have provided a more complete framework for understanding this subtle phenomenon and have, in many instances, replaced controversy by clarity. Synergy between experimental and theoretical work, both playing a crucial role, has been at the heart of these advances. On the theoretical front, the adoption of Berry-phase concepts has established a link between the AHE and the topological nature of the Hall currents which originate from spin-orbit coupling. On the experimental front, new experimental studies of the AHE in transition metals, transition-metal oxides, spinels, pyrochlores, and metallic dilute magnetic semiconductors, have more clearly established systematic trends. These two developments in concert with first-principles electronic structure calculations, strongly favor the dominance of an intrinsic Berry-phase-related AHE mechanism in metallic ferromagnets with moderate conductivity. The intrinsic AHE can be expressed in terms of Berry-phase curvatures and it is therefore an intrinsic quantum mechanical property of a perfect cyrstal. An extrinsic mechanism, skew scattering from disorder, tends to dominate the AHE in highly conductive ferromagnets. We review the full modern semiclassical treatment of the AHE together with the more rigorous quantum-mechanical treatments based on the Kubo and Keldysh formalisms, taking into account multiband effects, and demonstrate the equivalence of all three linear response theories in the metallic regime. Finally we discuss outstanding issues and avenues for future investigation.
Treatment Provisions: Proposals for Reform of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990

The regulation of assisted reproduction requires political, social, moral and ethical choices to be made about the beginnings of human life. Since it is an area characterised by fast-moving scientific advancement and by much media and popular interest, it is unsurprising that the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act of 1990 is proving to be merely the first marker in policy-making in this area. The 1990 Act is currently under review. The purpose of this article is to examine the regulation of assisted conception under the 1990 Act, the need for the review of the Act and the proposals under the draft Bill insofar as they relate to treatment provision for the infertile. Therefore, embryo research is beyond the scope of the article.
How to Allocate Network Centers

This paper deals with the issue of allocating and utilizing centers in a distributed network, in its various forms. The paper discusses the significant parameters of center allocation, defines the resulting optimization problems, and proposes several approximation algorithms for selecting centers and for distributing the users among them. We concentrate mainly on balanced versions of the problem, i.e., in which it is required that the assignment of clients to centers be as balanced as possible. The main results are constant ratio approximation algorithms for the balanced ? -centers and balanced ? -weighted centers problems, and logarithmic ratio approximation algorithms for the ? -dominating set and the k-tolerant set problems.
A phase I study of BIBF 1120, an orally active triple angiokinase inhibitor (VEGFR, PDGFR, FGFR) given continuously to patients with advanced solid tumours, incorporating dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI).

3015 Background: BIBF 1120 is a potent inhibitor of VEGFR, PDGFR, FGFR kinases, and of members of the Src family of tyrosine kinases (Src, Lck, Lyn). METHODS Patients (Pts) with advanced solid tumours were enrolled. BIBF 1120 was administered orally once daily (q.d.) continuously, starting at 100 mg/day. Dosing was later amended to twice daily (b.i.d.) in view of transaminitis seen with q.d. dosing. DCE-MRI studies were performed at baseline, days 2 and 28. All pts underwent pharmacokinetic (PK) sampling. RESULTS 51 pts (26M/25F; median age 57 y, range 22-78 y; ECOG PS 0/1 = 22/27) were treated at: 100 mg q.d. (n = 6), 200 mg q.d. (n = 6), 300 mg q.d. (n = 7), 400 mg q.d. (n = 16), 450 mg q.d. (n = 5); 250 mg b.i. d. (n = 11). Median treatment duration was 57 days (range: 1 day- 22 m). The most common toxicities were nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and fatigue, all ≤ grade (G)2. Asymptomatic, reversible elevation of liver enzymes which was dose limiting in 2/5 pts at 450 mg q.d. defined the MTD at 400 mg q.d. At 250 mg b.i. d. , 2/11 pts had DLT (G3 elevation in liver enzymes: n = 1; G3 abdominal pain: n = 1). 44 pts treated for ≥2 m were assessable for response: 13 pts had SD for ≥3 m (median 7m, range 3-22 m; renal, prostate, colorectal, chondrosarcoma, leiomyomatosis, fibromatosis). 3 pts with renal cancer had SD for 8, 14+ and 22 m respectively. PK evaluations generally showed increasing gMean Cmax and AUC values with increasing doses, with high inter-patient variability. Tmax was ∼2h post-dosing. gMean t1/2 values ranged from 6.8-26.4h. DCE-MRI of target lesions in 35 pts showed significant antivascular/antiangiogenic effects in some patients and dose cohorts, particularly at 200 mg q.d. and ≥400 mg q.d. DCE-MRI effects were most pronounced at 28 days, especially in metastatic liver lesions. CONCLUSIONS BIBF 1120 is well-tolerated in patients with advanced solid malignancies and induces in vivo antiangiogenic effects detectable by DCE-MRI. Some patients experienced clinically meaningful disease stabilisation. The recommended dose for future Phase II studies was determined to be 250 mg b.i. d. [Table: see text].
Ubiquitous expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in meningiomas and decrease in cell growth following in vitro treatment with the inhibitor celecoxib: potential therapeutic application.

OBJECT Meningiomas are the second most common symptomatic primary central nervous system tumor in adults. Findings of epidemiological studies link meningiomas with a history of head trauma, indicating a causal relationship between the inflammatory response and meningioma tumorigenesis. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an inducible inflammatory enzyme, converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, which have angiogenic, cell-proliferative, and antiapoptotic effects. The authors investigated COX-2 expression in meningiomas and the effects of celecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor, on meningioma cell growth in vitro. METHODS Four meningioma surgical specimens were immunohistochemically stained and graded (0 to 4) for COX-2. In addition, a Western blot analysis was performed to detect the presence of COX-2. Human meningioma cells grown in cell culture were treated with vehicle or celecoxib (0.25-1 mM). An immunohistochemical analysis of COX-2, a methylthiotetrazole cell proliferation assay, a TUNEL apoptosis assay, and a Western blot analysis for the proapoptotic protein BAX were performed in vitro. One hundred eleven (87%) of 128 benign meningiomas and six (86%) of seven atypical meningiomas displayed a high COX-2 immunoreactivity (Grade 4 staining). In the Western blot analysis all four surgical specimens (100%) stained positive for a 70-kD band consistent with COX-2. Celecoxib inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent fashion and induced apoptosis by Day 2, with no change noted in the expression of the BAX protein. CONCLUSIONS The COX-2 enzyme is universally expressed in meningiomas. Celecoxib inhibits meningioma growth in vitro in a dose-dependent fashion, with evidence of apoptosis. Inhibitors of COX-2 may have a role in the treatment of recurrent meningiomas.