Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The military health system's personal health record pilot with Microsoft HealthVault and Google Health

OBJECTIVE To design, build, implement, and evaluate a personal health record (PHR), tethered to the Military Health System, that leverages Microsoft® HealthVault and Google® Health infrastructure based on user preference. MATERIALS AND METHODS A pilot project was conducted in 2008-2009 at Madigan Army Medical Center in Tacoma, Washington. Our PHR was architected to a flexible platform that incorporated standards-based models of Continuity of Document and Continuity of Care Record to map Department of Defense-sourced health data, via a secure Veterans Administration data broker, to Microsoft® HealthVault and Google® Health based on user preference. The project design and implementation were guided by provider and patient advisory panels with formal user evaluation. RESULTS The pilot project included 250 beneficiary users. Approximately 73.2% of users were < 65 years of age, and 38.4% were female. Of the users, 169 (67.6%) selected Microsoft® HealthVault, and 81 (32.4%) selected Google® Health as their PHR of preference. Sample evaluation of users reflected 100% (n = 60) satisfied with convenience of record access and 91.7% (n = 55) satisfied with overall functionality of PHR. DISCUSSION Key lessons learned related to data-transfer decisions (push vs pull), purposeful delays in reporting sensitive information, understanding and mapping PHR use and clinical workflow, and decisions on information patients may choose to share with their provider. CONCLUSION Currently PHRs are being viewed as empowering tools for patient activation. Design and implementation issues (eg, technical, organizational, information security) are substantial and must be thoughtfully approached. Adopting standards into design can enhance the national goal of portability and interoperability.
Influence of bone marrow on osseointegration in long bones: an experimental study in sheep.

AIM To evaluate the influence of yellow bone marrow on osseointegration of titanium oral implants using a long bone model. MATERIAL AND METHODS The two tibiae of eight sheep were used as experimental sites. Two osteotomies for implant installation were prepared in each tibia. At the control sites, no further treatments were performed while, at the test sites, bone marrow was removed from the osteotomy site with a curette to an extent that exceeded the implant dimensions. As a result, the apical portion of the implants at the control sites was in contact with bone marrow while, at the test sites, it was in contact with the blood clot. After 2 months, the same procedures were performed in the contralateral side. After another month, the animal was sacrificed. Ground sections were obtained for histological analysis. RESULTS After 1 month of healing, no differences between test and control sites were found in the apical extension of osseointegration and the percentage of new bone-to-implant contact. However, after 3 months of healing, a higher percentage of new bone-to-implant contact was found at the test compared to the control sites in the marrow compartment. The apical extension of osseointegration, however, was similar to that found at the 1-month healing period both for test and control sites. CONCLUSIONS Osseointegration appeared to be favored by the presence of a blood clot when compared to the presence of yellow fatty bone marrow. Moreover, the contact with cortical bone appeared to be a prerequisite for the osseointegration process in the long bone model.
A Temporal Analysis of Earnings Surprises: Profits Versus Losses

type="main" xml:lang="en"> I show that median earnings surprise has shifted rightward from small negative (miss analyst estimates by a small amount) to zero (meet analyst estimates exactly) to small positive (beat analyst estimates by a small amount) during the 16 years, 1984 to 1999. I show that a rightward temporal shift in median surprise from negative to positive describes earnings, but neither profits nor losses. Median profit surprise shifts within the positive quadrant, from zero to one cent per share. Median loss surprise shifts within the negative quadrant from extreme negative (about -33 cents per share) to zero. I show that the median surprise for profits exceeds that for losses in every year. I document significant positive temporal trends in both meet and beat analyst estimates for both profits and losses, but I find a greater frequency of profits that either meet or beat analyst estimates in every year. I find a significant positive temporal trend in positive profits that are “a little bit of good news,” and a significant negative temporal trend in managers who report losses that are an “extreme amount of bad news. ” My results are robust to the four internal validity threats I consider—namely temporal changes in: (1) analyst forecast accuracy, (2) the mix of earnings of one sign preceded by earnings of another sign four quarters ago, (3) the timeliness of the most recent analyst forecast, and (4) the I/B/E/S definition of actual earnings. I find that managers of growth firms are relatively more likely than managers of value firms to report good news profits. I show that when they do report positive profit surprises, managers of growth firms are more likely to report “a little bit of good news” in every year.
Severe hypercholesterolaemia: unusual inheritance in an Italian pedigree

Abstract. A family presenting several cases of severe primary hypercholesterolaemia and/or premature sudden death was studied. This family is characterized by consanguinity, absence of vertical transmission, bimodal distribution of plasma cholesterol values, and reduction of reproductive fitness in affected individuals. The probands have clinical traits of homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia, including hypercholesterolaemia, xanthomas and early coronary atherosclerosis, while the parents and grandparents are clinically normal. Eight relatives on the mother's side experienced premature sudden death, and in four cases hypercholesterolaemia was diagnosed. Haplotype segregation analysis of the inheritance of the LDL receptor and apo B genes in the probands' family excluded the involvement of these two genes in the pathogenesis of the disease. LDL receptor activity, as well as the ability of LDL to bind to the LDL receptor, and plasma vegetal sterols were within normal limits both in probands and in their relatives. The study of this pedigree suggests that hypercholesterolaemia is not produced by defects in the LDL receptor or LDL particles, and disease inheritance is consistent with an autosomal recessive trait.
The processing of contradictory and non-contradictory negative sentences

Negative sentences implicitly refer to two states of affairs: the negated state of affairs and the actual state of affairs. The present study investigated whether the negated state of affairs was represented when processing negative sentences. By exploring the effects of the types of negation (contradictory and non-contradictory) and delays (250 and 1,500 ms) on the processing of negative sentences in a sentence–picture verification task, two experiments indicated that the negated state of affairs of negation was not always represented unconditionally. In addition, types of negation, rather than time delays, had a significant influence on the processing of negative sentences. For contradictory negations, the actual state of affairs rather than the negated state of affairs was available, even when the delay between the sentence and picture was short. In contrast, the negated state of affairs was represented for non-contradictory negations, even with a long delay.
Genotype × Environment Interaction and Stability Analysis in Mungbean

Mungbean is an important grain legume widely grown in India. Thirty genotypes of mungbean developed through mutation breeding from three parents namely B1, B105 and SML32 were evaluated on seven environments of West Bengal, India. Stability parameters were computed to know genotype x environment interaction and genotypic performance for yield per plant and its components. Wide range of variation was observed for seed yield and components across environments. Genotypes were grown best in sandy-loam textured soil coupled with low pH (5.7), indicating acidity and moderate water holding capacity, accompanied with higher proportion of available nitrogen percentage, moderate P2O5 and organic C. The analysis of variance showed highly significant variance for genotypes, environments and genotype x environment interaction. The significance of genotype x environment interaction accentuated the implication of stability analysis in crop improvement programme. The analysis of variance exhibited comparatively higher magnitudes of linear components than the non linear components and thus the characters were predictable in nature. Identification of stable genotypes over environments was done by stability analysis following model of Eberhart and Russell. Sustainability index was also estimated for searching the stable genotypes. In most of the cases, the stability for yield components was concomitant with stability for seed yield per plant. Four mutant genotypes namely CUM1, CUM4, CUM10 and CUM13 registered average stability coupled with high mean performance for seed yield per plant and components consistently, based on regression parameters and sustainability index. Keywords: Genotype x environment interaction, Mungbean, Stability, Sustainability index
Fretting Behavior of SPR Joining Dissimilar Sheets of Titanium and Copper Alloys

The fretting performance of self-piercing riveting joining dissimilar sheets in TA1 titanium alloy and H62 copper alloy was studied in this paper. Load-controlled cyclic fatigue tests were carried out using a sine waveform and in tension-tension mode. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray techniques were employed to analyze the fretting failure mechanisms of the joints. The experimental results showed that there was extremely severe fretting at the contact interfaces of rivet and sheet materials for the joints at relatively high loads levels. Moreover, the severe fretting in the region on the locked sheet in contact with the rivet was the major cause of the broken locked sheet for the joints at low load level.
Missions statements in Wales: the impact of markets and policy on congruence between institutions

This study seeks to compare the mission statements of higher education institutions in Wales as well as to compare these with regional level policy statements and demands from the market. The underlying idea is to reveal the extent to which mission statements actually differ and are (or are not) in line with such regional policies and market demands. The importance of the study is that it highlights the extent to which expectations from either government or the market are actually taken on board by institutions and the extent to which this could threaten institutional diversity. The study shows that congruence of missions is expressed in elements relating to excellence, research and a commitment to Wales and its economy. At the same time, missions are very diverse, with no two institutions stressing the same set of mission elements. The findings do not indicate that mission diversity is threatened by policy or market forces.
Are we improving after 10 years of humanitarian paediatric cardiac assistance?

Background: Paediatric cardiovascular services are frequently absent or poorly developed in many countries around the world. Our foundation made 83 trips in support of cardiovascular services between April 1993 and March 2003 to help alleviate this problem. In this study, we present an analysis of our results over these period of 10 years. Methods: We performed a review of all available records relating to the trips, including patient databases, audited financial statements, donated product inventory lists, lists of team members, and follow-up data from the host sites concerning the state of the patients treated. Results: We made 83 trips to 14 countries, 40 of these being in Central Europe, 5 in Eastern Europe, 10 in Caribbean, and Central America, 18 in South America, 9 in Asia, and 1 in the Middle East. In the first 5 years, we made 23, as opposed to 60 in the second 5 years, this difference being significant (p less than 0.01). The total number of primary operations performed over 10 years was 1,580. The number of procedures performed yearly increased over the two intervals from 97.0 plus or minus 32.7 to 219.0 plus or minus 41.7, p less than 0.002. The probability of survival between the periods increased from 84.6 to 93.3 per cent, and this was also significantly different (p less than 0.001). Overall, the rate of survival for the period of 10 years was 90.5 per cent. Moreover, the value of services donated to support each trip also differed significantly, decreasing from 105,900 dollars plus or minus 14,581 dollars for the first period to 54,617 dollars plus or minus 11,425 dollars for the second period (p less than 0.001). Conclusions: Improving paediatric cardiac services in under-served countries requires significant financial and personnel commitments, but can produce reasonable outcomes.
Économies d'agglomération et productivité des entreprises : estimation sur données individuelles françaises

La concentration spatiale persistante de certains secteurs d'activite s'explique difficilement sans admettre l'existence d'economies d'agglomeration. L'estimation quantitative de l'ampleur de ces economies d'agglomeration a recemment connu un regain d'interet du fait de la disponibilite croissante de donnees fines au niveau des entreprises. En utilisant trois fichiers administratifs concernant la comptabilite et l'emploi des entreprises francaises, nous mesurons dans cet article l'impact sur la productivite globale des facteurs de ces entreprises des externalites d'urbanisation, a savoir celles liees a la taille globale, a l'accessibilite et a la diversite industrielle de la zone d'implantation, et des externalites de localisation, qui se rapportent au niveau de specialisation d'une zone d'activite. Notre etude souligne tout d'abord la pregnance des premieres : nous concluons a l'existence d'un impact positif et significatif de l'accessibilite d'une zone au reste du marche national ainsi que de la densite de son tissu economique sur la productivite moyenne des entreprises. A ces externalites d'urbanisation, s'ajoutent des effets locaux tres significatifs de la specialisation, suggerant l'existence d'externalites de localisation. Ainsi les entreprises sont, en moyenne, plus productives dans les zones ou leur industrie est relativement plus concentree. En revanche, la diversite des activites economiques locales n'influerait que tres peu sur la productivite. De meme, le degre de concurrence locale n'aurait, en moyenne, pas d'effets sur la productivite des entreprises d'un cluster. L'etude fine des voies de production, de diffusion et de captation de ces externalites constituerait certainement une extension utile a la notre ; nous suggerons un premier element de reponse sans toutefois pouvoir conclure. Nous trouvons en effet que les agents qualifies semblent jouer un role essentiel dans ces trois processus : une fois que l'on a tenu compte de la qualite de leur mai
Examining the Association Between Education Level and Physical Activity Changes During Early Old Age

Objective: This study examined the relationship between aging and regular physical activity. The moderating effects of education and the extent to which employment and health status influence physical activity were also examined. Method: Multilevel logistic regression was conducted using longitudinal data from a national sample of 7,595 adults aged 54 to 72. Results: An age-related decline in physical activity was observed, steeper among low-education individuals. Lack of physical activity was predicted by worsening health and reduced workforce participation, but these associations varied by education level. For low-education individuals, not working and job losses were associated with reduced physical activity, whereas for highly educated individuals the reverse was true. Health problems were associated more strongly with reduced physical activity in high-education individuals. Discussion: Early old age is a critical period for promoting physical activity. Different intervention strategies for groups of different socioeconomic status may be needed.
Sharī‘ah risk and corporate governance of Islamic banks

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to help directors, senior management, and stakeholders of Islamic banks understand sharī‘ah risk, a crucial consideration in the corporate governance of Islamic banks, and its impact on these banks. Design/methodology/approach – This conceptual paper links dispersed insights drawn from the emerging body of sharī‘ah governance literature, and the guidance issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS), the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB), and the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) with new insights to clarify the sharī‘ah risk that Islamic banks face. Findings – Sharī‘ah risk, an operational risk, poses a credible hazard to Islamic banks and their stakeholders. Possible consequences of sharī‘ah non-compliance include higher costs, financial losses, liquidity problems, bank runs, bank failure, industry smearing and financial instability. This study defines shariah risk, identifies credit, legal, complia.
Making climate change governable: accounting for carbon as sinks, credits and personal budgets

This article explores how climate governance is accomplished in practical terms. To that end we develop an ‘analytics of carbon accounting’ that draws attention to the calculative practices that turn stocks and flows of carbon into objects of governance. Carbon accounting as a rationality of government is primarily concerned with the ways in which carbon can be measured, quantified, demarcated and statistically aggregated; but the concept also alludes to questions about (political) accountability in relation to emissions of greenhouse gases. The paper outlines three different regimes of carbon accounting – ‘the national carbon sink’, ‘the carbon credit’ and ‘the personal carbon budget’ – to illustrate how stocks and flows of carbon are constructed as administrative domains amenable to certain forms of political and economic rationality, such as government regulation, market exchanges and self-governance by responsible individual subjects.
Creatine for treating muscle disorders.

BACKGROUND Progressive muscle weakness is a main symptom of most hereditary and acquired muscle diseases. Creatine improves muscle performance in healthy individuals. This is an update of our 2007 Cochrane review that evaluated creatine treatment in muscle disorders. Previous updates were in 2009 and 2011. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of creatine compared to placebo for the treatment of muscle weakness in muscle diseases. SEARCH METHODS On 11 September 2012, we searched the Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL (2012, Issue 9 in The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE (January 1966 to September 2012) and EMBASE (January 1980 to September 2012) for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of creatine used to treat muscle diseases. SELECTION CRITERIA RCTs or quasi-RCTs of creatine treatment compared to placebo in hereditary muscle diseases or idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently applied the selection criteria, assessed trial quality and extracted data. We obtained missing data from investigators. MAIN RESULTS A total of 14 trials, including 364 randomised participants, met the selection criteria. The risk of bias was low in most studies. Only one trial had a high risk of selection, performance and detection bias. No new studies were identified at this update.Meta-analysis of six trials in muscular dystrophies including 192 participants revealed a significant increase in muscle strength in the creatine group compared to placebo, with a mean difference of 8.47%; (95% confidence intervals (CI) 3.55 to 13.38). Pooled data of four trials including 115 participants showed that a significantly higher number of participants felt better during creatine treatment compared to placebo with a risk ratio of 4.51 (95% CI 2.33 to 8.74). One trial in 37 participants with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies also showed a significant improvement in functional performance. No trial reported any clinically relevant adverse event.In metabolic myopathies, meta-analyses of three cross-over trials including 33 participants revealed no significant difference in muscle strength. One trial reported a significant deterioration of activities of daily living (mean difference 0.54 on a 1 to 10 scale; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.93) and an increase in muscle pain during high-dose creatine treatment in McArdle disease. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS High quality evidence from RCTs shows that short- and medium-term creatine treatment increases muscle strength in muscular dystrophies. There is also evidence that creatine improves functional performance in muscular dystrophy and idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Creatine is well tolerated in these people. High quality but limited evidence from RCTs does not show significant improvement in muscle strength in metabolic myopathies. High-dose creatine treatment impaired activities of daily living and increased muscle pain in McArdle disease.
Assessment of Chlamydia suis Infection in Pig Farmers

Chlamydia suis infections are endemic in domestic pigs in Europe and can lead to conjunctivitis, pneumonia, enteritis and reproductive failure. Currently, the knowledge on the zoonotic potential of C. suis is limited. Moreover, the last decades, porcine tetracycline resistant C. suis strains have been isolated, which interfere with treatment of chlamydial infections. In this study, the presence of C. suis was examined on nine Belgian pig farms, using Chlamydia culture and a C. suis specific real-time PCR in both pigs and farmers. In addition to diagnosis for C. suis, the farmers' samples were examined using a Chlamydia trachomatis PCR. Additionally, the Chlamydia isolates were tested for the presence of the tet(C) resistance gene. C. DNA was demonstrated in pigs on all farms, and eight of nine farmers were positive in at least one anatomical site. None of the farmers tested positive for C. trachomatis. Chlamydia suis isolates were obtained from pigs of eight farms. Nine porcine C. suis isolates possessing a tet(C) gene were retrieved, originating from three farms. Moreover, C. suis isolates were identified in three human samples, including one pharyngeal and two rectal samples. These findings suggest further research on the zoonotic transfer of C. suis from pigs to humans is needed.
CEO Compensation Risk and Timely Loss Recognition

Prior studies demonstrate that high CEO compensation risk encourages managers to engage in risk-seeking behavior, thus intensifying agency conflicts between creditors and borrowers. We argue and document that accounting conservatism plays an important role in mitigating debt holder and shareholder conflicts over asset substitution arising from high CEO compensation risk. Our empirical results show that firms with high CEO compensation risk tend to use more timely loss recognition and this positive relationship is more pronounced for firms with high leverage. Additional results show that the positive relationship between CEO compensation risk and borrowing costs is reduced for firms using timely loss recognition, suggesting that creditors perceive timely loss recognition as a risk-reducing mechanism. Using the passage of FAS 123R as a quasi-natural experiment on managerial compensation risk, we find a significant reduction in the use of timely loss recognition for firms experiencing a decrease in CEO compensation risk after the passage of FAS 123R. Lastly, we show that timely loss recognition is positively associated only with the compensation risk of the firm's primary decision maker (i.e., its CEO) and not with the compensation risk of subordinates.