Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Parainfluenza Virus-Associated Respiratory Tract Infection among Children and Genetic Analysis of HPIV-3 Strains in Beijing, China

The relevance of human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) to the epidemiology of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in China is unclear. From May 2008 to September 2010, 443 nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) from hospitalized pediatric patients (age from 1 to 93 months) in Beijing were collected and screened for HPIVs and other common respiratory viruses by real-time RT-PCR. Sixty-two of 443 samples were positive for HPIVs with 4 positive for HPIV-2 and 58 positive for HPIV-3, indicating that HPIV-3 was the predominant virus present during the study period. A phylogenetic tree based on all the available HN (hemagglutinin-neuraminidase) sequences of HPIV-3 indicated that three distinct clusters (A,B, and C) were circulating with some temporal and regional clustering. Cluster C was further divided into sub-clusters, C1, C2, C3 and C4. HPIV-3 from Beijing isolates belonged to sub-cluster C3, and were grouped with the isolates from two Provinces of China and the neighboring country of Japan. Genetic analysis based on entire HN gene revealed that the HPIV-3 isolates from Beijing were highly similar with 97.2%–100% identity at the nucleotide level and these could be divided into two closely related lineages, C3a and C3b. These findings suggested that there was co-circulation of multiple lineages of HPIV-3 in the Beijing region during the study period. This is the first study to describe the epidemiology and molecular characterization of HPIVs in China.
Does Risk Seeking Drive Asset Prices? A Stochastic Dominance Analysis of Aggregate Investor Preferences

We investigate whether risk seeking or non-concave utility functions can help to explain the cross-sectional pattern of stock returns. For this purpose, we analyze the stochastic dominance efficiency classification of the value-weighted market portfolio relative to benchmark portfolios based on market capitalization, book-to-market equity ratio and momentum. We use various existing and novel stochastic dominance criteria that account for the possibility that investors exhibit local risk seeking behavior. Our results suggest that Markowitz type utility functions, with risk aversion for losses and risk seeking for gains, can capture the cross-sectional pattern of stock returns. The low average yield on big caps, growth stocks and past losers may reflect investors' twin desire for downside protection in bear markets and upside potential in bull markets.
Topological mixing and Hypercyclicity Criterion for sequences of operators

For a sequence {T n } of continuous linear operators on a separable Frechet space X, we discuss necessary conditions and sufficient conditions for {T n } to be topologically mixing, and the relations between topological mixing and the Hypercyclicity Criterion. Among them are: 1) topological mixing is equivalent to being hereditarily densely hypercyclic; 2) the Hypercyclicity Criterion with respect to the full sequence N implies topological mixing; 3) topological mixing implies the Hypercyclicity Criterion with respect to some sequence {n k } C N that cannot be syndetic in general, and also implies condition (b) of the Hypercyclicity Criterion with respect to the full sequence. Applications to two examples of operators on the Frechet space H(C) of entire functions are also discussed.
Influence of Parents’ Involvement on Children’s Education: A Study of Tertiary Education in European Countries

This Master Thesis analyzes how beneficial parental involvement is for third level education of an individual. Effects derived from parental behavior are measured based on new data on a larger scale compared to previous research, and by exploiting so far unused involvement variables. For the measurement a logit regression is applied to European Value Study data, for a selection of thirteen countries across Europe. Through this approach with micro level data, evidence for different effects regarding magnitude and direction, in various countries and between the parents, has been found. It can be concluded that while involvement of the parents has a positive impact on the attainment of third level education, the effect varies between countries due to country specific differences.
Women in the world's legal professions

Introduction: Women in the World's Legal Professions: Overview and Synthesis - Ulrike Schultz PART 1. WOMEN LAWYERS IN THE COMMON LAW WORLD 1. Gender and the Profession: An American Perspective - Deborah Rhode 2. The Effect of Lawyer Gender on Client Perceptions of Lawyer Behaviour - William Felstiner et al 3. Gender in Context: Women in Family Law - Lynn Mather 4. Barriers to Gender Equality in the Canadian Legal Establishment - Fiona M Kay and Joan Brockman 5. Engendering the Legal Profession: The Education Strategy - Mary Jane Mossman 6. Women in the Legal Profession: The Australian Profile - Rosemary Hunter 7. Women Barristers and Gender Difference in Australia - Rosemary Hunter 8. New Zealand Women Lawyers at the End of the Twentieth Century - Georgina Murray 9. The Status of Women Lawyers in the United Kingdom - Clare MS McGlynn 10. Strategies for Reforming the English Solicitors' Profession: An Analysis of the Business Case for Sex Equality - Clare MS McGlynn 11. Prospects for Parity: The Position of Women in the Judiciary in England and Wales - Kate Malleson 12. Can Women Lawyer Differently? A Perspective from the UK - Hilary Sommerlad 13. The Remains of the Day: The Women Law Professors Project - Celia Wells 14. Lawyers in the Courtroom: Gender,Trials and Professional Performance in Israel - Bryna Bogoch PART 2. WOMEN LAWYERS IN THE CIVIL LAW WORLD 15. The Status of Women Lawyers in Germany - Ulrike Schultz 16. Women Lawyers in Germany: Perception and Construction of Femininity - Ulrike Schultz 17. Women Lawyers in the New Federal States of Germany: From Quantity to Quality? - Gisela Shaw 18. Women in the Dutch Legal Profession (1950-2000) - Leny E de Groot-van Leuwen 19. Choices in Context: Life Histories of Women Lawyers in the Netherlands - Heleen FP Ietswaart 20. Women Lawyers in Poland under the Impact of Post-1989 Transformation - Ma? gorzata Fuszara 21. Women Jurists in Finland at the Turn of the Century: Breakthrough or Intermezzo? - Harriet Silius 22. Male Strategies in the Face of the Feminisation of a Profession: The Case of the French Judiciary - Anne Boigeol 23. Professional Body and Gender Difference in Court: The Case of the First (Failed) Woman Lawyer in Modern Italy - Vittorio Olgiati 24. Women in the Judiciary: A Perspective from Brazil - Eliane Botelho Junqueira 25. Lee Tai-Young (1914-1998): The Pioneer Woman Lawyer of South Korea - Haesook Kim 26. Women Lawyers in Japan: Contradictory Factors in Status - Yuriko Kaminaga and Jorn Westhoff
Composition Methods, Maxwell's Equations, and Source Terms

This paper is devoted to high-order numerical time integration of first-order wave equation systems originating from spatial discretization of Maxwell's equations. The focus lies on the accuracy of high-order composition in the presence of source functions. Source functions are known to generate order reduction, and this is most severe for high-order methods. For two methods based on two well-known fourth-order symmetric compositions, convergence results are given assuming simultaneous space-time grid refinement. Herewith physical sources and source functions emanating from Dirichlet boundary conditions are distinguished. Among other things it is shown that the reduction can cost two orders. On the other hand, when a certain perturbation of a source function is used, the reduction is generally diminished by one order. In that case, reduction is absent for physical sources and for Dirichlet sources the order is equal to at least three under stable simultaneous space-time grid refinement.
Security Analysts and Market Reaction: Caveat for Monitoring

Security analysts, analyst forecast and market reaction are anecdotal in restructuring transactions, sometime conflicting and some other time imperative to the process of transaction. This article attempts to highlight a consistent association between analyst, market reaction and corporate restructuring. A close intermediation between those themes is analysed in this article, implying the relationship is contiguous. However issues of delayed price adjustment, conglomerate stock break-ups and negative earnings surprises are not discussed in this paper, though such factors are ingeniously important and crucial to the process of corporate restructuring.
Price Transmission Channels of Energy and Exchange Rate on Food Sector: A Disaggregated Approach based on Stage of Process

The recent concurrent surges of food and energy prices renew our interest on the vulnerability of food system to sudden changes in the energy sector. Unlike previous studies focusing on the impacts of a single energy price on food sector, this study explores such dependency utilizing various food and energy prices classified by stage of processing. Based on the method proposed by Toda and Yamamoto (1995) and Dolado and Lutkepohl (1996) of Granger causality tests, we identify how the movements of the exchange rate and the various energy prices affect on the food prices from farmers to consumers. INTRODUCTION The United States (U.S.) economy heavily depends on energy consumption. The overall food system, from farmers to consumers, is not an exception. According to the Earth Policy Institute, the U.S. food system uses over 10 quadrillion Btu (10,551 quadrillion Joules) of energy each year, which is as much as France’s annual energy consumption and comprises about 10% of the total U.S. energy consumption (Murray, 2005). In addition to the agricultural production, the overall food processing and distribution systems also heavily rely on the energy sector. For example, Heller and Keoleian (2000) suggest that almost 41% is used in the processing and distribution system (14% goes to food transport, 16% to processing, 7% to packing, and 4% to
Evolutionary Phylodynamics of Korean Noroviruses Reveals a Novel GII.2/GII.10 Recombination Event

Viral gastroenteritis is the most common causal agent of public health problems worldwide. Noroviruses cause nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis in humans of all ages. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of norovirus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis admitted to university hospitals in South Korea. We also analyzed the genetic diversity of the viruses and identified novel recombination events among the identified viral strains. Of 502 children with acute gastroenteritis admitted to our three hospitals between January 2011 and March 2012, genotyping of human noroviruses was performed in 171 (34%) norovirus-positive samples. Of these samples, 170 (99.5%) were in genogroup II (GII), while only one (0.5%) was in genogroup I (GI). The most common GII strain was the GII.4-2006b variant (n = 96, 56.5%), followed by GII.6 (n = 23, 13.5%), GII.12 (n = 22, 12.9%), GII.3 (n = 20, 11.8%), GII.2 (n = 6, 3.5%), GII.b (n = 2, 1.2%), and GII.10 (n = 1, 0.6%). Potential recombination events (polymerase/capsid) were detected in 39 GII strains (22.9%), and the most frequent genotypes were GII.4/GII.12 (n = 12, 30.8%), GII.4/GII.6 (n = 12, 30.8%), GII.4/GII.3 (n = 8, 20.5%), GII.b/GII.3 (n = 3, 7.7%), GII.16/GII.2 (n = 2, 5.1%), GII.4/GII.2 (n = 1, 2.6%), and GII.2/GII.10 (n = 1, 2.6%). For the first time, a novel GII.2/GII.10 recombination was detected; we also identified the GII.16/GII.2 strain for the first time in South Korea. Our data provided important insights into new recombination events, which may prove valuable for predicting the emergence of circulating norovirus strains with global epidemic potential.
Synchrotron radiation induced gas desorption from a Prototype Large Hadron Collider beam screen at cryogenic temperatures

The performance of the vacuum system of the Large Hadron Collider will depend critically on the synchrotron radiation induced gas desorption and on the readsorption of molecules on the cold surfaces. The present design of the system is based on a so‐called beam screen inserted in the 1.9 K cold bore of the magnets. Gas molecules desorbed will therefore readsorb on the beam screen which is held at a temperature between 5 and 20 K. Pumping slots in the beam screen enable some of the desorbed gas to be pumped onto the 1.9 K surface of the cold bore.
NLTE Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer: I. The Thermal Properties of Keplerian Disks around Classical Be Stars

We present a 3-D NLTE Monte Carlo radiative transfer code that we use to study the temperature and ionization structure of Keplerian disks around Classical Be stars. The method we employ is largely similiar to the Monte Carlo transition probability method developed by Lucy. Here we present a simplification of his method that avoids the use of the macro atom concept. Our investigations of the temperature structure of Be star disks show that the disk temperature behavior is a hybrid between the behavior of Young Stellar Object (YSO) disks and Hot Star winds. The optically thick inner parts of Be star disks have temperatures that are similar to YSO disks, while the optically thin outer parts are like stellar winds. Thus, the temperature at the disk midplane initially drops, reaching a minimum at 3--5 stellar radii, after which it rises back to the optically thin radiative equilibrium temperature at large distances. On the other hand, the optically thin upper layers of the disk are approximately isothermal -- a behavior that is analogous to the hot upper layers of YSO disks. We also find that the disks are fully ionized, as expected, but there is an ionization minimum in the vicinity of the temperature minimum. Finally, we find that, despite the complex temperature structure, the infrared excess is well-approximated by an equivalent isothermal disk model whose temperature is about 60% of the stellar temperature. This is largely because, at long wavelengths, the effective photosphere of the disk is located in its isothermal regions.
Negotiation of Form, Recasts, and Explicit Correction in Relation to Error Types and Learner Repair in Immersion Classrooms

This article presents a study of the relationships among error types, feedback types, and immediate learner repair in 4 French immersion classrooms at the elementary level. The database is drawn from transcripts of audio-recordings of 13 French language arts lessons and 14 subject-matter lessons totaling 18.3 hours and including 921 error sequences. Wecoded the 921 learner errors initiating each sequence as grammatical, lexical, or phonological, or as unsolicited uses of L1 (English) and corrective feedback moves as negotiation of form (i.e., elicitation, metalinguistic clues, clarification requests, or repetition of error), recasts, or explicit correction. Findings indicate that lexical errors favoured the negotiation of form; grammatical and phonological errors invited recasts, but with differential effects in terms of learner repair. Overall, the negotiation of form proved more effective at leading to immediate repair than did recasts or explicit correction, particularly for lexical and grammatical errors, but not for phonological errors. Phonological repairs resulted primarily from recasts.
Community Education, Lifelong Learning and Social Inclusion:

Lynn Tett has updated and expanded her discussion about community education. The book provides a clear account of the development of community education. It illustrates the conceptual as well as political debates about the role, purpose and practice of community education. She moves behind the policy rhetoric to recognise and explore some of the tensions in current policy trends, particularly the danger of seeing social marginalisation as an individual problem rather than as a result of structured inequalities. A number of community education projects are examined giving a real sense of the approach being advocated and making the case for a model of lifelong learning focusing on democratic renewal. The task of community educators is not an easy one: recognising competing interests but still enabling voices to be heard and, at the same time, seeking ways of building mutual understandings and cooperation. The challenge for community education is considerable but this book provides a real sense of its possibilities. The book is an established text used on CPD and teacher training courses throughout the UK.
Brahmanical Idealism, Anarchical Individualism, and the Dynamics of Indian Negotiating Behavior

can be found at: International Journal of Cross Cultural Management Additional services and information for http://ccm.sagepub. com/cgi/alerts Email Alerts: http://ccm.sagepub. com/subscriptions Subscriptions: http://www.sagepub. com/journalsReprints.nav Reprints: http://www.sagepub. com/journalsPermissions.nav Permissions: http://ccm.sagepub. com/cgi/content/refs/4/1/39 SAGE Journals Online and HighWire Press platforms): (this article cites 32 articles hosted on the Citations
Financial decision making in incomplete markets

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication
Conceptual Level Design of Object Oriented Data Warehouse: Graph Semantic Based Model

This paper proposes a Graph semantic based Object Oriented Multidimensional Data Model (GOOMD). The model deﬁnes a set of graph based formal constructs that are used to specify the conceptual level design of data warehouses (DW). Besides offering a novel graph based semantic for multidimensional data representation, the proposed GOOMD model renders a uniﬁed realization of different logical structures of DW like star, snowﬂake, constellation, etc. The proposed simple but powerful algebra for GOOMD provides an efﬁcient operational model for Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) to realize different OLAP operations like roll-up, drill-down, slicing, dicing, drill-across and drill-through. The proposed GOOMD model also supports a formal representation of advanced concepts like parallel hierarchies, many-to-many associations, additivity constraints etc .
Early Exposure to Intermediate-Frequency Magnetic Fields Alters Brain Biomarkers without Histopathological Changes in Adult Mice

Recently we have reported that intermediate-frequency magnetic field (IF-MF) exposure transiently altered the mRNA expression levels of memory function-related genes in the hippocampi of adult male mice. However, the effects of IF-MF exposure during brain development on neurological biomarkers have not yet been clarified. In the present study, we investigated the effect of IF-MF exposure during development on neurological and immunological markers in the mouse hippocampus in 3- and 7-week-old male mice. Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were exposed to IF-MF (21 kHz, 3.8 mT) for one hour per day from organogenesis period day 7 to 17. At adolescence, some IF-MF-exposed mice were further divided into exposure, recovery, and sham-exposure groups. The adolescent-exposure groups were exposed again to IF-MF from postnatal day 27 to 48. The expression of mRNA in the hippocampi was examined using a real-time RT-PCR method, and microglia activation was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. The expression levels of NR1 and NR2B as well as transcription factors (CaMKIV, CREB1), inflammatory mediators (COX2, IL-1 β,TNF-α), and the oxidative stress marker heme-oxygenase (HO)-1 were significantly increased in the IF-MF-exposed mice, compared with the control group, in the 7-week-old mice, but not in the 3-week-old mice. Microglia activation was not different between the control and other groups. This study provides the first evidence that early exposure to IF-MF reversibly affects the NMDA receptor, its related signaling pathways, and inflammatory mediators in the hippocampus of young adult mice; these changes are transient and recover after termination of exposure without histopathological changes.
AN ANALYSIS OF MOBILE BANKING ACCEPTANCE BY MALAYSIAN CUSTOMERS

Today, the advancement of mobile technologies has provided an opportunity for financial providers in introducing new financial innovations. One of the emerging financial innovations introduced by financial providers is mobile banking. This study adopts a technology acceptance model (TAM) to investigate factors that determine an individual’s intention to use mobile banking among bank customers in Labuan and Kota Kinabalu. The TAM includes perceived credibility, perceived self-efficacy and normative pressure. Our results support the extended TAM in predicting bank customers’ behavioural intention to use mobile banking. Determinants are perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived credibility and perceived self-efficacy. Normative pressure was found to be a weak determinant in explaining bank customers’ intention to use mobile banking. The study also demonstrates the significant effect of perceived ease of use on behavioural intention through perceived usefulness.
Tachyon vacuum solution in open string field theory with a constant B field

We show that Schnabl's tachyon vacuum solution is an exact solution of the equation of motion of Witten's open bosonic string field theory in the background of a constant antisymmetric two-form field. The action computed at the vacuum solution is given by the Dirac–Born–Infeld factor multiplied to that without the antisymmetric tensor field.