Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Fluid-based Simulation Study : The Effect of Loss Synchronization on Sizing Buffers over 10 Gbps High Speed Networks

Router buffer size has been playing an important role in packet based networks. In particular, it has been argued that high speed optical networks of the order of 10Gbps demand for large buffer size according to rule of thumb. Because of inherent limitations (i.e., execution time and memory overhead) of a packet based simulator for high speed optical networks, there are few simulation studies available. Also, high speed network experimentation facilities (e.g., testbeds and real networks) are still scarce resources and therefore, a complete experimental study on this topic is not easy to perform. In this paper, a fluid-based model is introduced to accommodate the effect of packet loss synchronization on sizing intermediate buffers over 10Gbps optical networks. Our simulation approach is simple and easy to implement and above all provides some insight of the relation between synchronization level, buffer size and performance of different TCPs. Simulation results are presented to show the effect of loss synchronization/desynchronization on link utilization of popular transport protocols using different buffer sizes on 10Gbps optical networks. The proposed fluid-based method will promote principal understanding of the future high speed networks and accelerate protocol development process.
A Rising Tide Lifts All Boats: How Memory Error Prediction and Prevention Can Help with Virtualized System Longevity

Memory is the most frequently failing component that can cause system crash, which significantly affects the emerging data centers that are based on system virtualization (e.g., clouds). Such environment differs from previously studied large systems and thus poses renewed challenge to the reliability, availability, and serviceability (RAS) of today's production site that hosts a large population of commodity servers. The paper advocates addressing this problem by exploiting memory error characteristics and employing a cost-effective self-healing mechanism. Specifically, we propose a memory error prediction and prevention model, which takes as input error events and system utilization, assesses memory error risk, and manipulates memory mappings accordingly (by page/DIMM replacement or VM live migration) to avoid potential damage and loss.
Loading Patterns of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament in the Healthy Knee: A Systematic Review

Background The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is the strongest ligament of the knee, serving as one of the major passive stabilizers of the tibio-femoral joint. However, despite a number of experimental and modelling approaches to understand the kinematics and kinetics of the ligament, the normal loading conditions of the PCL and its functional bundles are still controversially discussed. Objectives This study aimed to generate science-based evidence for understanding the functional loading of the PCL, including the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles, in the healthy knee joint through systematic review and statistical analysis of the literature. Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Databases were searched for articles containing any numerical strain or force data on the healthy PCL and its functional bundles. Studied activities were as follows: passive flexion, flexion under 100N and 134N posterior tibial load, walking, stair ascent and descent, body-weight squatting and forward lunge. Method Statistical analysis was performed on the reported load data, which was weighted according to the number of knees tested to extract average strain and force trends of the PCL and identify deviations from the norms. Results From the 3577 articles retrieved by the initial electronic search, only 66 met all inclusion criteria. The results obtained by aggregating data reported in the eligible studies indicate that the loading patterns of the PCL vary with activity type, knee flexion angle, but importantly also the technique used for assessment. Moreover, different fibres of the PCL exhibit different strain patterns during knee flexion, with higher strain magnitudes reported in the anterolateral bundle. While during passive flexion the posteromedial bundle is either lax or very slightly elongated, it experiences higher strain levels during forward lunge and has a synergetic relationship with the anterolateral bundle. The strain patterns obtained for virtual fibres that connect the origin and insertion of the bundles in a straight line show similar trends to those of the real bundles but with different magnitudes. Conclusion This review represents what is now the best available understanding of the biomechanics of the PCL, and may help to improve programs for injury prevention, diagnosis methods as well as reconstruction and rehabilitation techniques.
Intra- and Extracellular Activities of Dicloxacillin and Linezolid against a Clinical Staphylococcus aureus Strain with a Small-Colony-Variant Phenotype in an In Vitro Model of THP-1 Macrophages and an In Vivo Mouse Peritonitis Model

ABSTRACT The small-colony-variant (SCV) phenotype of Staphylococcus aureus has been associated with difficult-to-treat infections, reduced antimicrobial susceptibility, and intracellular persistence. This study represents a detailed intra- and extracellular investigation of a clinical wild-type (WT) S. aureus strain and its counterpart with an SCV phenotype both in vitro and in vivo, using the THP-1 cell line model and the mouse peritonitis model, respectively. Bacteria of both phenotypes infected the mouse peritoneum intra- and extracellularly. The SCV phenotype was less virulent and showed distinct bacterial clearance, a reduced multiplication capacity, and a reduced internalization ability. However, some of the SCV-infected mice were still culture positive up to 96 h postinfection, and bacteria of this phenotype could spread to the mouse kidney and furthermore revert to the more virulent WT phenotype in both the mouse peritoneum and kidney. The SCV phenotype is therefore, despite reduced virulence, an important player in S. aureus pathogenesis. In the THP-1 cell line model, both dicloxacillin (DCX) and linezolid (LZD) reduced the intracellular inocula of bacteria of both phenotypes by approximately 1 to 1.5 log10 in vitro, while DCX was considerably more effective against extracellular bacteria. In the mouse peritonitis model, DCX and LZD were also able to control both intra- and extracellular infections caused by either phenotype. Treatment with a single dose of DCX and LZD was, however, insufficient to clear the SCVs in the kidneys, and the risk of recurrent infection remained. This stresses the importance of an optimal dosing of the antibiotic when SCVs are present.
The Effect of Combining Different Feature Selection Methods on Arabic Text Classification

Feature selection is one of several factors affecting text classification systems. Feature selection aims to choose a representative subset of all features to reduce the complexity of classification problems. Usually a single method is used for feature selection. For English, several attempts were reported examining the combination of different feature selection methods. To the best of our knowledge no such attempts were reported for Arabic text classification. In this study, we examined the effect of combining five feature selection methods, namely CHI, IG, GSS, NGL and RS, on Arabic text classification accuracy. Two approaches of combination were used, intersection (AND) and union (OR). The NB classification algorithm was used to classify a Saudi Press Agency dataset which comprised 6,300 texts divided evenly into six classes. Three feature representation schemas were used, namely Boolean, TFiDF and LTC. The experiments show slight improvement in classification accuracy for combining two and three feature selection methods. No improvement on classification accuracy was seen when four or all five feature selection methods were combined.
Marital disruption and economic well‐being: a comparative analysis

Summary. Though there is a considerable literature concerned with the economic consequences of marital breakdown, there is still substantial disagreement in terms of its magnitude. One of the major problems underlying this debate is how economic well‐being is defined. We implement several measures of well‐being of monetary and multidimensional nature by using data from the European Community Household Panel. Another issue in this literature concerns selection bias of divorcing couples. We tackle this issue by using a propensity score matching technique combined with a difference‐in‐differences estimator. Results confirm the importance of the definition of well‐being. We find a strong gender bias when using monetary measures but a considerably lower bias, and for some countries non‐existent, when using non‐monetary indices.
How do Range Names Hinder Novice Spreadsheet Debugging Performance?

Although experts diverge on how best to improve spreadsheet quality, it is generally agreed that more time needs to be spent testing spreadsheets. Ideally, experienced and trained spreadsheet engineers would carry this out, but quite often this is neither practical nor possible. Many spreadsheets are a legacy, developed by staff that have since moved on, or indeed modified by many staff no longer employed by the organisation. When such spreadsheets fall into the hands of inexperienced, non-experts, any features that reduce error visibility may become a risk. Range names are one such feature, and this paper, building on previous research, investigates in a more structured and controlled manner the effect they have on the debugging performance of novice spreadsheet users.
KONSTRUKSI SOSIAL MEDIA MASSA

Reality is a social construct created by individuals. However, the truth of a social reality is relative, which applies appropriate specific context assessed by the relevant social actors. This scientific study was about to expose some analysis on the theory of social construction by humans subjectively through the mass media, as Berger and Luckman in the 1960s. Similarly, application of the theory presented in several studies done by some researchers. In this study note that media was very substance in the process of externalization, subjektivasi, and internalization in constructing social reality. The position of the social construction of the mass media is correct weaknesses and complement the social construction of reality, by putting all the advantages of mass media and the effects of media on the benefits of the social construction of the mass media on the social construction of reality.
Authentically Phosphorylated α-Synuclein at Ser129 Accelerates Neurodegeneration in a Rat Model of Familial Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and the appearance of fibrillar aggregates of insoluble α-synuclein (α-syn) called Lewy bodies (LBs). Approximately 90% of α-syn deposited in LBs is phosphorylated at serine 129 (Ser129). In contrast, only 4% of total α-syn is phosphorylated in normal brain, suggesting that accumulation of Ser129-phosphorylated α-syn is involved in the pathogenesis of PD. However, the role of Ser129 phosphorylation in α-syn neurotoxicity remains unclear. In this study, we coexpressed familial PD-linked A53T α-syn and G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6) in the rat SN pars compacta using recombinant adeno-associated virus 2. Coexpression of these proteins yielded abundant Ser129-phosphorylated α-syn and significantly exacerbated degeneration of dopaminergic neurons when compared with coexpression of A53T α-syn and GFP. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Ser129-phosphorylated α-syn was preferentially distributed to swollen neurites. However, biochemical analysis showed that the increased expression of Ser129-phosphorylated α-syn did not promote accumulation of detergent-insoluble α-syn. Coexpression of catalytically inactive K215R mutant GRK6 failed to accelerate A53T α-syn-induced degeneration. Furthermore, introducing a phosphorylation-incompetent mutation, S129A, into A53T α-syn did not alter the pace of degeneration, even when GRK6 was coexpressed. Our study demonstrates that authentically Ser129-phosphorylated α-syn accelerates A53T α-syn neurotoxicity without the formation of detergent-insoluble α-syn, and suggests that the degenerative process could be constrained by inhibiting the kinase that phosphorylates α-syn at Ser129.
Some Electrical Properties of Single Renal Tubule Cells

At a considerable rate of metabolic expenditure, the renal tubules transfer large amounts of ions across their epithelial cell layer. Recently, a better characterization of the nature of individual ionic transport processes at the single nephron level has become possible through an assessment of some electrical characteristics of tubule cells. The response of either transmembrane or transepithelial potential differences to changes in the ionic environment, as well as measurements of the current-voltage relationship across various tubular structures, have served to clarify certain ionic conductance characteristics. In addition, insight into the functional organization of adjacent tubule cells is provided by recent inquiries into the nature of the current distribution along renal tubular structures.
Race/ethnicity and telomere length in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Telomere length has emerged as a marker of exposure to oxidative stress and aging. Race/ethnic differences in telomere length have been infrequently investigated. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) was assessed 981 white, black and Hispanic men and women aged 45–84 years participating in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Direct measurement and questionnaire were used to assess covariates. Linear regression was used to estimate associations of LTL with race/ethnicity and age after adjustment for sex, income, education, smoking, physical activity, diet and body mass index. On average blacks and Hispanics had shorter telomeres than whites [adjusted mean differences (standard error) in T/S ratio compared to whites: −0.041 (0.018) for blacks and −0.044 (0.018) for Hispanics]. Blacks and Hispanics showed greater differences in telomere length associated with age than whites (adjusted mean differences in T/S ratio per 1 year increase in age −0.0018, −0.0047 and −0.0055 in whites, blacks and Hispanics respectively). Differences in age associations were more pronounced and only statistically significant in women. Race/ethnic differences in LTL may reflect the cumulative burden of differential exposure to oxidative stress (and its predictors) over the lifecourse.
Complementary Observer for Body Segments Motion Capturing by Inertial and Magnetic Sensors

This paper presents a viable quaternion-based complementary observer (CO) that is designed for rigid body attitude estimation. We claim that this approach is an alternative one to overcome the limitations of the extended Kalman filter. The CO processes data from a small inertial/magnetic sensor module containing triaxial angular rate sensors, accelerometers, and magnetometers, without resorting to GPS data. The proposed algorithm incorporates a motion kinematic model and adopts a two-layer filter architecture. In the latter, the Levenberg Marquardt algorithm preprocesses acceleration and local magnetic field measurements, to produce what will be called the system's output. The system's output together with the angular rate measurements will become measurement signals for the CO. In this way, the overall CO design is greatly simplified. The efficiency of the CO is experimentally investigated through an industrial robot and a commercial IMU during human segment motion exercises. These results are promising for human motion applications, in particular future ambulatory monitoring.
Training counsellors in low and middle income countries in single session counselling: helping mental health and psychosocial workers to get on top of feelings of powerlessness

This article describes an approach to training mental health and psychosocial support workers in post disaster areas and areas of armed con£ict in single session counselling, also known as Single Session Therapy.This ¢eld report also adds further information to earlier publications on the reasonsforpracticing Single Session Therapy. The training here described o¡ers the participants a systematic approach, as well as a theoretical explanation of the interdependency of three core activities ofa Single SessionTherapy therapist: o¡ering recognition, psycho-education and reframing. Single Session Therapy is not only helpful for mental health and psychosocial support workers as it can be e¡ective in restarting the development of people who have become stuck in their problems. Practicing the approach also helps workers make the best of desperate situations and enable them to continue when surrounded by hopelessness.Thus, providing training in Single SessionTherapy can also work as a form of sta¡ care.
From Actemes to Action: A Strongly-Supervised Representation for Detailed Action Understanding

This paper presents a novel approach for analyzing human actions in non-scripted, unconstrained video settings based on volumetric, x-y-t, patch classifiers, termed actemes. Unlike previous action-related work, the discovery of patch classifiers is posed as a strongly-supervised process. Specifically, key point labels (e.g., position) across space time are used in a data-driven training process to discover patches that are highly clustered in the space time key point configuration space. To support this process, a new human action dataset consisting of challenging consumer videos is introduced, where notably the action label, the 2D position of a set of key points and their visibilities are provided for each video frame. On a novel input video, each acteme is used in a sliding volume scheme to yield a set of sparse, non-overlapping detections. These detections provide the intermediate substrate for segmenting out the action. For action classification, the proposed representation shows significant improvement over state-of-the-art low-level features, while providing spatiotemporal localization as additional output, which sheds further light into detailed action understanding.
Reconceptualizing online free spaces: a case study of the Sunflower movement

Using the Sunflower movement as a case study, this article seeks to articulate a theoretical framework to evaluate online "free spaces" as tools for political mobilization. To this end, this article conducts a thematic and content analysis of 151 posts on the official Facebook page of the Sunflower movement. Key results uncover four thematic functions among posts - expressive, informative, informative-support, and promotional - that overlap, in which the expressive theme prevails, and two thematic topics discussed by posts - damages by protesters and their ideology of freedom. I conclude that: (1) combining the logistic and thematic dimensions of posts enables a specific understanding of an online free space`s political viability and anticipates the campaigns it will connect itself to; (2) the networked nature of the Sunflower movement page prompts the reconceptualization of (i) online free spaces as nodes through which various political campaigns and struggles are thematically connected by a political ideology; (ii) inactivity as a strategy where protest capital and followers accumulate to prepare and empower future mobilizations.
Discrete Double Auctions with Artificial Adaptive Agents: A Case Study of an Electricity Market Using a Double Auction Simulator

A key issue raised by previous researchers is the extent to which learning versus market structure is responsible for the high efficiency regularly observed for the double auction in human-subject experiments. In this study, a computational discrete double auction with discriminatory pricing is tested regarding the importance of learning agents for ensuring market efficiency. Agents use a Roth-Erev reinforcement learning algorithm to determine their bid and ask prices. The experimental design focuses on two treatment factors: market capacity; and a key Roth? Erev learning parameter that controls that degree of agent experimentation. For each capacity setting, it is shown that changes in the learning parameter have a substantial systematic effect on market efficiency.
Not Aggressive or Just Faking It? Examining Faking and Faking Detection on the Conditional Reasoning Test of Aggression

Substantial research has been dedicated to examining and combating respondent misrepresentation (i.e., “faking”) on personality assessments. Two approaches to combat faking that have garnered particular attention include: (a) designing systems to identify likely fakers and (b) developing difficult-to-fake measures. Consistent with suggestions to combine these strategies, the present article examines a new faking detection system specifically designed for a difficult-to-fake measure (i.e., the Conditional Reasoning Test for Aggression; CRT-A). Four studies (a) help elucidate the conditions under which the CRT-A is fakeable, (b) provide initial construct validity evidence for the faking detection system developed here, (c) examine the effects of faking and faking detection on the CRT-A’s criterion-oriented validity, and (d) show that participants identify CRT-based faking detection items at worse-than-chance levels even when they are fully informed about how these items work. Taken together, these studies reinforce the importance of maintaining the indirect nature of CRTs but also show that the faking detection system developed here represents a promising method of identifying those who may have used inside information to manipulate their scores.
Faith bias or religious expression: the real religious diversity challenge?

Abstract In light of mixed results surrounding religion’s influence on work-related outcomes, we explore theoretical and design alternatives in an effort to better understand and explain outcomes surrounding religious diversity. We integrate theory on social norms into the religious diversity literature in an effort to explain previous mixed findings and negative reactions toward religious group identity members in a work context. Using an experimental design that allows for the distinct treatment of workplace religious expression and religious identity, our results suggest that negative reactions are exhibited toward both in-group religious identities (i.e., Christians) and out-group religious identities (i.e., Muslims) when individuals are described as engaging in workplace religious expression. We identify perceived inappropriateness of workplace religious expression as a significant mechanism through which negative reactions toward workplace religious expressions emerge. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.