Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association between Self-Reported General and Mental Health and Adverse Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 19 625 Scottish Adults

Objective Self-reported general health and mental health are independent predictors of all-cause mortality. This study examines whether they are also independent predictors of incident cancer, coronary heart disease and psychiatric hospitalisation. Methods We conducted a retrospective, population cohort study by linking the 19 625 Scottish adults who participated in the Scottish Health Surveys 1995–2003, to hospital admissions, cancer registration and death certificate records. We conducted Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for potential confounders including age, sex, socioeconomic status, alcohol, smoking status, body mass index, hypertension and diabetes. Results Poor general health was reported by 1215 (6.2%) participants and was associated with cancer registrations (adjusted Hazard Ratio [HR] 1.30, 95% CI 1.10, 1.55), coronary heart disease events (adjusted HR 2.30, 95% CI 1.86, 2.84) and psychiatric hospitalisations (adjusted HR 2.42, 95% CI 1.65, 3.56). There was evidence of dose relationships and the associations remained significant after adjustment for mental health. 3172 (16%) participants had poor mental health (GHQ ≥4). After adjustment for general health, the associations between poor mental health and coronary heart disease events (adjusted HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.13, 1.63) and all-cause death (adjusted HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.23, 1.55) became non-significant, but mental health remained associated with psychiatric hospitalisations (fully adjusted HR 2.02, 95% CI 1.48, 2.75). Conclusion Self-reported general health is a significant predictor of a range of clinical outcomes independent of mental health. The association between mental health and non-psychiatric outcomes is mediated by general health but it is an independent predictor of psychiatric outcome. Individuals with poor general health or mental health warrant close attention.
The Relative and Incremental Validity of the Big Five and Maladaptive Personality Characteristics for Predicting Leadership Effectiveness

Although previous research has examined "bright" personality characteristics that impact leadership effectiveness through their presence, there is a growing recognition of the importance of factors that promote leadership effectiveness through their absence (e.g., Hogan & Hogan, 2001; McCall & Lombardo, 1983). These "dark" or maladaptive personality characteristics have been hypothesized to interact with the length of time that an observer has been exposed to a given manager (Hogan & Hogan, 1997, 2001). In the current study, the relative and incremental validity of the Big Five and maladaptive personality characteristics in predicting leadership effectiveness was examined, as well as the moderating effect of leader-subordinate relationship length. Although previous research has examined "bright" and "dark" personality characteristics in the prediction of leadership effectiveness (e.g., Facteau & Van Landuyt, 2005; Judge, Bono, Illies, & Gerhardt, 2003), this study was the first attempt to examine both types of personality characteristics in the prediction of leadership effectiveness, in addition to the moderating role of relationship length. Personality data were collected from a sample of supervisors (N = 134), and their direct reports (N = 330) provided concurrent ratings of their supervisors' effectiveness. The multiple regression analyses revealed that the Big Five and maladaptive personality characteristics did not predict leadership effectiveness. In addition, the Big Five personality dimensions did not demonstrate incremental validity over and above the maladaptive characteristics, nor did the maladaptive characteristics demonstrate incremental validity over and above the Big Five personality dimensions in the prediction of leadership effectiveness. Finally, the relation between the maladaptive personality characteristics and leadership effectiveness did not vary as a function of leader-subordinate relationship length, contrary to the predictions of previous theoretical work (Hogan & Hogan, 2001).
Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Transplantation: State of the Art

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive tumor that often occurs in chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. The incidence of HCC is growing worldwide. With respect to any other available treatment for liver cancer, liver transplantation (LT) has the highest potential to cure. LT allows for removal at once of both the tumor (“seed”) and the damaged-hepatic tissue (“soil”) where cancerogenesis and chronic liver disorders have progressed together. The Milan criteria (MC) have been applied worldwide to select patients with HCC for LT, yielding a 4-year survival rate of 75%. These criteria represent the benchmark for patient selection and are the basis for comparison with any other suggested criteria. However, MC are often considered to be too restrictive, and recent data show that between 25% and 50% of patients with HCC are currently transplanted beyond conventional indications. Consequently, any unrestricted expansion of selection criteria will increase the need for donor organs, lengthen waiting periods, increase drop-out rates, and impair outcomes on intention-to-treat analysis. Management of HCC recurrence after LT is challenging. There are a few reports available regarding the safety and efficacy of sorafenib for HCC recurrence after LT, but the data are heterogeneous. A multi-center prospective randomized controlled trial comparing placebo with sorafenib is advised. Alternatively, a meta-analysis of patient survival with sorafenib for HCC recurrence after LT could be helpful to characterize the therapeutic benefit and safety of sorafenib. Here, we review the use of LT for HCC, with particular emphasis on the selection criteria for transplantation in patients with HCC and management of HCC recurrence after LT.
An SOS-regulated operon involved in damage-inducible mutagenesis in Caulobacter crescentus

DNA polymerases of the Y-family, such as Escherichia coli UmuC and DinB, are specialized enzymes induced by the SOS response, which bypass lesions allowing the continuation of DNA replication. umuDC orthologs are absent in Caulobacter crescentus and other bacteria, raising the question about the existence of SOS mutagenesis in these organisms. Here, we report that the C.crescentus dinB ortholog is not involved in damage-induced mutagenesis. However, an operon composed of two hypothetical genes and dnaE2, encoding a second copy of the catalytic subunit of Pol III, is damage inducible in a recA-dependent manner, and is responsible for most ultraviolet (UV) and mitomycin C-induced mutations in C.crescentus. The results demonstrate that the three genes are required for the error-prone processing of DNA lesions. The two hypothetical genes were named imuA and imuB, after inducible mutagenesis. ImuB is similar to proteins of the Y-family of polymerases, and possibly cooperates with DnaE2 in lesion bypass. The mutations arising as a consequence of the activity of the imuAB dnaE2 operon are rather unusual for UV irradiation, including G:C to C:G transversions.
Reduced Cortisol and Metabolic Responses of Thin Ewes to an Acute Cold Challenge in Mid-Pregnancy: Implications for Animal Physiology and Welfare

Background Low food availability leading to reductions in Body Condition Score (BCS; 0 indicates emaciation and 5 obesity) in sheep often coincides with low temperatures associated with the onset of winter in New Zealand. The ability to adapt to reductions in environmental temperature may be impaired in animals with low BCS, in particular during pregnancy when metabolic demand is higher. Here we assess whether BCS affects a pregnant animal's ability to cope with cold challenges. Methods Eighteen pregnant ewes with a BCS of 2.7±0.1 were fed to attain low (LBC: BCS2.3±0.1), medium (MBC: BCS3.2±0.2) or high BCS (HBC: BCS3.6±0.2). Shorn ewes were exposed to a 6-h acute cold challenge in a climate-controlled room (wet and windy conditions, 4.4±0.1°C) in mid-pregnancy. Blood samples were collected during the BCS change phase, acute cold challenge and recovery phase. Results During the BCS change phase, plasma glucose and leptin concentrations declined while free fatty acids (FFA) increased in LBC compared to MBC (P<0.01, P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively) and HBC ewes (P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.01, respectively). During the cold challenge, plasma cortisol concentrations were lower in LBC than MBC (P<0.05) and HBC ewes (P<0.05), and FFA and insulin concentrations were lower in LBC than HBC ewes (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively). Leptin concentrations declined in MBC and HBC ewes while remaining unchanged in LBC ewes (P<0.01). Glucose concentrations and internal body temperature (Tcore) increased in all treatments, although peak Tcore tended to be higher in HBC ewes (P<0.1). During the recovery phase, T4 concentrations were lower in LBC ewes (P<0.05). Conclusion Even though all ewes were able to increase Tcore and mobilize glucose, low BCS animals had considerably reduced cortisol and metabolic responses to a cold challenge in mid-pregnancy, suggesting that their ability to adapt to cold challenges through some of the expected pathways was reduced.
The Influence of Hair Color on Male Perception of Female Attractiveness

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of hair color, blonde and brown, on male rating of female attractiveness. The participants were 17 male first-year psychology students. The study used a within subjects design; the stimuli used were 20 female face images, ten different faces each shown with both blonde and brown hair. The images were presented to each participant using Cog Demos software on a laptop; participants rated attractiveness using a visual analogue scale (VAS) from “very unattractive” to “very attractive. ” The results showed that there was no significant difference between the males’ ratings of females with blonde and brown hair, i.e. women with brown hair were rated as being just as attractive as women with blonde hair.
THE KINEMATICS OF LATE-TYPE STARS IN THE SOLAR CYLINDER STUDIED WITH SDSS DATA

We study the velocity distribution of Milky Way disk stars in a kiloparsec-sized region around the Sun, based on ∼2 million M-type stars from DR7 of SDSS, which have newly re-calibrated absolute proper motions from combining SDSS positions with the USNO-B catalogue. We estimate photometric distances to all stars, accurate to ∼20%, and combine them with the proper motions to derive tangential velocities for this kinematically unbiased sample of stars. Based on a statistical deprojection method we then derive the vertical profiles (to heights of Z = 800 pc above the disk plane) for the first and second moments of the three-dimensional stellar velocity distribution. We find that 〈W〉 = −7 ± 1 km s−1 and 〈U〉 = −9 ± 1 km s−1, independent of height above the mid-plane, reflecting the Sun's motion with respect to the local standard of rest. In contrast, 〈V〉 changes distinctly from −20 ± 2 km s−1 in the mid-plane to 〈V〉 = −32 km s−1 at Z = 800 pc, reflecting an asymmetric drift of the stellar mean velocity that increases with height. All three components of the M-star velocity dispersion show a strong linear rise away from the mid-plane, most notably σZZ, which grows from 18 km s−1 (Z = 0) to 40 km s−1 (at Z = 800 pc). We determine the orientation of the velocity ellipsoid, and find a significant vertex deviation of 20°–25°, which decreases only slightly to heights of Z = 800 pc. Away from the mid-plane, our sample exhibits a remarkably large tilt of the velocity ellipsoid toward the Galactic plane, which reaches 20° at Z = 800 pc and which is not easily explained. Finally, we determine the ratio σ2ϕϕ/σ2RR near the mid-plane, which in the epicyclic approximation implies an almost perfectly flat rotation curve at the solar radius.
Force-Directed Methods for Generic Placement

This paper describes the implementation of a wire length-driven force-directed placer named FDP for generic placement. Specifically, it describes efficient force computation for cell spreading, numerical instabilities during force-directed placement, a means to avoid instabilities, and metrics for proper assessment of cell distribution throughout the placement region. It demonstrates that one of the greatest impediments to achieving high-quality placements using a force-directed placer lies in the large amount of cell overlap present in initial placements. This overlap makes the determination of cell ordering difficult and can lead to the inadvertent separation of highly connected cells. It is shown that median improvement and multilevel clustering improve cell ordering and aid in wire length minimization. Numerical results are presented for both standard cell and mixed-size placement problems. For standard cell problems, the tool generates placements that are, on average, 3% better than Capo9.0, but 5% worse than FengShui2.6. For mixed-size problems, FDP generated placements that are, on average, 2%-5% better than Capo9.0 and -5%--2% better than Fengshui2.6, depending on the presence (or absence) of pin offsets. Run times for FDP are higher than both Capo9.0 and FengShu2.6, although reasonable
Decimal floating-point support on the IBM System z10 processor

The latest IBM zSeries® processor, the IBM System z10™ processor, provides hardware support for the decimal floating-point (DFP) facility that was introduced on the IBM System z9® processor. The z9® processor implements the facility with a mixture of low-level software and hardware assists. Recently, the IBM POWER6™ processor-based System p™ 570 server introduced a hardware implementation of the DFP facility. The latest zSeries processor includes a decimal floating-point unit based on the POWER6 processor DFP unit that has been enhanced to also support the traditional zSeries decimal fixed-point instruction set. This paper explains the hardware implementation to support both decimal fixed point and DFP and the new software support for the DFP facility, including IBM z/OS®, Java™ JIT, and C/C++ compilers, as well as support in IBM DB2® and middleware.
How management innovations are successfully implemented? An organizational routines’ perspective

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address how management innovations are implemented deeply at the most micro level of organizations, namely, organizational routines, or to investigate the process through which organizational routines evolve in implementing management innovations, with existing routines overturned and new routines created and solidified. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts an interpretive and exploratory case study on the case of Day-Definite (DD) innovation which has successfully brought Arima World Group Company Limited (HOAU) into a new value-added arena, in terms of timing, security and high service quality. Considering that DD innovation reflects a systematic innovation of the whole organization, this paper focuses on it to explore the complex implementation mechanism of management innovation. Multiple approaches were utilized during data collection to meet criteria for trustworthiness, including semi-structured interviews, archival data and observation; and the data analysis went through a five-step process. Findings The results confirm management innovation as a complex project concerning organizational routines which represent a central and fundamental element of organizations. Also, it finds that organizational routines evolve in innovation implementation through a three-phase process consisting of the existing-routine-domination phase, the new-routine-creation phase and -solidification phases, each exhibiting different innovation activities and characteristics of participants’ cognition and behaviors; recreation of new routines is the key for routine evolution, thus for success of management innovations. Research limitations/implications This research is constrained by several limitations. The set-up framework of organizational routine evolution in innovation implementation needs a further confirmation in more organizations; other elements, such as cognition of managers, resource orchestration, environmental elements or organizational culture, should be considered for the success of innovation implementation; and more attention should be paid to the potential power asymmetries among participants and its potential influence on forming shared schemata and subsequent new routines, besides interactions and role taking. Originality/value The findings offer some valuable insights for further research on management innovation and organizational routines and hold important implications for management practices. This research extends research on management innovation and the Kurt Lewin Change Theory and Change Model to explore innovation implementation at a most micro level; furthers research on organizational routines, especially routine dynamic theory, by holding the two-component view and exploring the process through which organizational routines evolve; and contributes to research on the relationship between organizational routines and innovations by taking an organizational routines’ perspective. It reminds managers of the depth and complication of innovation implementation.
Finger Nail Plate : A New Biometric Identifier

The key objective of this paper is to investigate a new biometric identifier for forensic and civilian applications. We propose a novel biometric authentication system based on low resolution finger nail plate images. Despite the uniqueness and high stability of the nail plate, its usage as a biometric identifier has not been extensively investigated for personal authentication. This paper implements a convenient and computationally efficient approach on low resolution nail plate images acquired with a contactless and unconstrained imaging setup. It exploits the local shape and texture of the nail plate by employing appearance based and texture based feature descriptors. Scorelevel fusion rules are utilized for integrating the nail plates from mainly three fingers of the hand. Extensive experimentation in both the biometric verification and recognition scenarios is carried out and the results validate the finger nail plates as a potential biometric identifier. KeywordsBiometric Authentication, Finer Nail plate surface, Independent component analysis, and Haar wavelet.
Lemony Liz and likable Leslie: audience understandings of feminism, comedy, and gender in women-led television comedies

ABSTRACT In this paper, I discuss audience understandings of Tina Fey’s 30 Rock, Amy Poehler’s Parks and Recreation, Mindy Kaling’s The Mindy Project, and Lena Dunham’s Girls. While these women and their shows have been written about and analyzed in the popular press and to a lesser extent in scholarly circles, there is a notable absence of research exploring how audiences understand these shows. Through focus group interviews, I explore audience interpretations of these shows that engage—in some form—with feminist discourses and ideas, paying particular attention to how audience members think these women showrunners impact these shows, and how they see feminism playing a role (or not) in these shows. I argue that while these audience members enjoyed the shows, ambivalence permeated their understanding of and relationship to the shows, not only in their perceptions of the shows as feminist, but also resulting from their interpretation of the humor and gender dynamics of the shows. Ultimately, the audience members’ conflicted interpretations of the shows reflect larger trends in the post-feminist media environment. Further, their readings of the shows point to the potential limits of feminist humor for post-feminist audience members.
Genomic Bayesian Prediction Model for Count Data with Genotype × Environment Interaction

Genomic tools allow the study of the whole genome, and facilitate the study of genotype-environment combinations and their relationship with phenotype. However, most genomic prediction models developed so far are appropriate for Gaussian phenotypes. For this reason, appropriate genomic prediction models are needed for count data, since the conventional regression models used on count data with a large sample size (nT) and a small number of parameters (p) cannot be used for genomic-enabled prediction where the number of parameters (p) is larger than the sample size (nT). Here, we propose a Bayesian mixed-negative binomial (BMNB) genomic regression model for counts that takes into account genotype by environment (G×E) interaction. We also provide all the full conditional distributions to implement a Gibbs sampler. We evaluated the proposed model using a simulated data set, and a real wheat data set from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) and collaborators. Results indicate that our BMNB model provides a viable option for analyzing count data.
Structure of Supergiant Shells in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Nine supergiant shells (SGSs) have been identified in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) based on Hα images, and 23 SGSs have been reported based on H I 21 cm line observations, but these sets do not always identify the same structures. We have examined the physical structure of the optically identified SGSs using H I channel maps and P-V diagrams to analyze the gas kinematics. There is good evidence for seven of the nine optically identified SGSs to be true shells. Of these seven Hα SGSs, four are the ionized inner walls of H I SGSs, while three are an ionized portion of a larger and more complex H I structure. All of the Hα SGSs are identified as such because they have OB associations along the periphery or in the center, with younger OB associations more often found along the periphery. After roughly 12 Myr, if no new OB associations have been formed, a SGS will cease to be identifiable at visible wavelengths. Thus, the presence and location of ionizing sources is the main distinction between shells seen only in H I and those also seen in Hα. Based on our analysis, Hα observations alone cannot unambiguously identify SGSs, especially in distant galaxies.
Associative memory in damaged neural networks

The content-addressability of random patterns stored in neural networks trained with iterative learning rules is studied numerically under the effects of synaptic damage. The model of damage is random dilution of couplings with some probability lambda after learning. A simple model based on the distribution of stabilities rho (K) is proposed, which allows for the calculation of the storage and retrieval properties of the networks as a function of damage lambda . Simulations of random sparse connected networks show that the basins of attraction are indeed optimal at storage ratios alpha <or=0.42.