Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brain responses of explicit and implicit memory: an event-related potential study

Implicit memory is acquired by an unintentional or unconscious learning. Recognition memory involves either automatic knowing or consciously controlled remembering. We provided an event-related potential paradigm capable of differentiating memory for the explicitly learned, implicitly learned and unstudied materials. In the explicit memory, we obtained both frontal (controlled retrieval) and parietal (recollection) old/new effects. In the implicit memory, we found persistent occipitotemporal activation (visual priming) and late attenuation in the temporoparietooccipital (repetition suppression). Event-related potential provides an insight into the dissociable mechanism of memory function that supports the dual process model with an enhanced temporal resolution on the dynamic process of both explicit perceptual learning and implicit perceptual priming.
Robust and fast similarity search for moving object trajectories

An important consideration in similarity-based retrieval of moving object trajectories is the definition of a distance function. The existing distance functions are usually sensitive to noise, shifts and scaling of data that commonly occur due to sensor failures, errors in detection techniques, disturbance signals, and different sampling rates. Cleaning data to eliminate these is not always possible. In this paper, we introduce a novel distance function, Edit Distance on Real sequence (EDR) which is robust against these data imperfections. Analysis and comparison of EDR with other popular distance functions, such as Euclidean distance, Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), Edit distance with Real Penalty (ERP), and Longest Common Subsequences (LCSS), indicate that EDR is more robust than Euclidean distance, DTW and ERP, and it is on average 50% more accurate than LCSS. We also develop three pruning techniques to improve the retrieval efficiency of EDR and show that these techniques can be combined effectively in a search, increasing the pruning power significantly. The experimental results confirm the superior efficiency of the combined methods.
Area law corrections from state counting and supergravity

Modifications of the Bekenstein-Hawking area law for black holes are crucial in order to find agreement between the microscopic entropy based on state counting and the macroscopic entropy based on an effective field theory computation. We discuss this and related issues for the case of four-dimensional N = 2 supersymmetric black holes. We also briefly comment on the state counting for N = 4 and 8 black holes.
Rethinking spatial planning

In South Africa, broad spatial frameworks have become a standard form of planning, but have been critiqued on various grounds. This paper focuses on three lines along which spatial planning may be reconsidered. First, it argues that it is important for planners to engage with the complexity of the socio-spatial dynamics of the city. Secondly, it suggests that planners need a deeper understanding of urban economic space and a more conscious consideration of the way in which planning relates to markets. Thirdly, spatial planning could be enhanced by a stronger link to infrastructure planning. Herdink ruimtelike beplanning Bree ruimtelike raamwerke het 'n standaard vorm van beplanning in Suid-Afrika geword, maar hierdie is op verskeie gronde gekritiseer. Hierdie artikel fokus op drie lyne waarvolgens ruimtelike beplanning oorweeg mag word. Eerstens, word geargumenteer dat dit belangrik is vir beplanners om die kompleksiteit van die sosio-ruimtelike dinamiek van die stad te hanteer. Tweedens, word voorgestel dat beplanners 'n sterker begrip van stedelike ekonomiese ruimte en 'n meer bewustelike oorweging van die manier waarop beplanning met markte geassosieer word, benodig. Derdens, kan ruimtelike beplanning versterk word deur 'n sterker band met infrastruktuurbeplanning te he. Moralo wa tikoloho wa tekolobotjha Meralo e pharalletseng ya tikoloho Afrika Borwa e bile mokgwa o amohelehang wa ho rala, empa hona ho ile ha sehollwa mabakeng a mmalwa. Pampiri ena e itshetlehile hodima mela e meraro eo moralo wa tikoloho o lokelang ho shejwa ka yona. Ntlheng ya pele, e leka ho bontsha bohlokwa ba diradi ho tshwarahana le ho rarahana ho pharalletseng ha tikoloho ya boahi ya motsemoholo. Ntlha ya bobedi, e sisinya hore diradi di hloka kutlwisiso e batsi ya sebaka sa moruo wa toropong le ho ela hloko ka moo ho rala ho amanang le mebaraka ka teng. Ntlha ya boraro, moralo wa tikoloho o ka matlafatswa ke kgokahano e matla ho boradi ba infrastratjha.
Physical properties of Hickson compact groups and of the loose groups within which they are embedded

Using new data and an enlarged group sample we verify some of our previously published results and present a number of new facts that suggest that compact groups could be casual concentrations in prolate-like looser groups, and thus the nature of compact and ordinary poor groups is probably the same. To this end we used the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) redshift catalogue to look for galaxies with accordant redshifts in the nearby environment (up to ∼2 Mpc) of 15 Hickson compact groups (HCG). We also used known member redshifts of looser groups in the environment of 7 other HCGs. From this sample of 22 HCGs we find that: (a) HCG's tend to be aligned with the overall galaxy distribution in their ∼1 Mpc environment; (b) the well-established orientation effect by which the group velocity dispersion σ v correlates with group axial ratio q is present and particularly strong also in the HCG + environment systems; (c) the velocity dispersion σ v of the HCG +environment systems as well as of ordinary poor groups, depends only weakly on the group richness, i.e. on the mass; (d) the mean absolute K-band magnitude of E/S0 galaxies in HCGs is similar to the corresponding one in ordinary poor groups and is brighter than that of isolated E/SO's, indicating that they were formed by the merging of two galaxies of similar luminosity; (e) the fraction of E/S0 galaxies in these HCGs depends, albeit weakly, on the group's richness and on σ v ; (f) the fraction of AGNs is similar in the HCGs and their close environment, while the fraction of starburst galaxies is significantly higher in the HCGs; (g) the fraction of active galaxies (AGNs and starbursts) is anti-correlated with the velocity dispersion of the HCG + environment systems. The combination of all the above facts constitutes a picture in which compact groups are condensations within looser prolate-like, elongated systems, and they appear to be compact when their member galaxies, moving in radial orbits along the group elongation, happen to come close to each other (in which case dynamical interactions among these galaxies become even more probable) or when the group is oriented close to the line of sight, so that many of its members are projected over a small solid angle. The probability of either case is small, so the number of CGs should be much smaller than that of ordinary groups, as observed. Furthermore, the observed fractions of early-type and active galaxies, as well as their correlations with the group velocity dispersion suggests a picture by which nuclear activity and galaxy transformation by merging is instigated by effective gravitational interactions in the low-velocity dispersion groups, which then dynamically evolve via virialization processes to higher velocity dispersion groups, which thus have a higher fraction of early-type galaxies.
The Self-Access Form: Development and Validation in the Context of Personality Functioning and Health

Different lines of research suggest that individuals differ in accessing self-referential information, that is, to know who they are, what they think, want, need, or feel, and that this construct is positively associated with emotion regulation, adaptive functioning, well-being, and meaning in life. We developed a brief scale of five items, the Self-Access Form (SAF) and conducted four studies to approve its validity with respect to markers of adaptive personality functioning and health. Study 1 shows a clear, unidimensional factor structure for the SAF. Self-access correlates positively with adaptive self- and emotion regulation, as well as with psychological and physical health, but does not correlate with private self-consciousness (Study 2). Additionally, self-access is positively related to self-complexity and self-integration as two markers of adaptive self-development (Study 3). It is also inversely related to self-infiltration, that is, the misconception of other individuals’ expectations as own goals (Study 4). We conclude that self-access can validly be measured by a brief scale and positively relates to adaptive functioning and health.
Increased Expression of Complement Regulators CD55 and CD59 on Peripheral Blood Cells in Patients with EAHEC O104:H4 Infection

Background An outbreak of Shiga Toxin 2 (Stx-2) producing enterohemorrhagic and enteroaggregative E.coli (EAHEC) O104H4 infection in May 2011 caused enterocolitis and an unprecedented high 22% rate of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The monoclonal anti-C5 antibody Eculizumab (ECU) has been used experimentally in EAHEC patients with HUS but treatment efficacy is uncertain. ECU can effectively prevent hemolysis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) caused by a lack of complement-regulating CD55 and CD59 on blood cells. We hypothesized a low expression of CD55 and CD59, as seen in PNH, might correlate with HUS development in EAHEC patients. Methods 76 EAHEC patients (34 only gastrointestinal symptoms [GI], 23: HUS, 19: HUS and neurological symptoms [HUS/N]) and 12 healthy controls (HC) were tested for the expression of CD55 and CD59 on erythrocytes and leukocytes retrospectively. Additionally, the effect of Stx-2 on CD55 and CD59 expression on erythrocytes and leukocytes was studied ex vivo. Results CD55 expression on erythrocytes was similar in all patient groups and HC while CD59 showed a significantly higher expression in HUS and HUS/N patients compared to HC and the GI group. CD55 and CD59 expression on leukocytes and their subsets was significantly higher in all patient groups compared to HC regardless of treatment type. However, CD59 expression on erythrocytes was significantly higher in HUS and HUS/N patients treated combined with plasma separation (PS) and ECU compared to HC. Adding Stx-2 ex vivo had no effect on CD55 and CD59 expression on leukocytes from HC or patients. Conclusion HUS evolved independently from CD55 and CD59 expression on peripheral blood cells in EAHEC O104:H4 infected patients. Our data do not support a role for CD55 and CD59 in HUS development during EAHEC O104:H4 infection and point to a different mechanism within the complement system for HUS development in EAHEC patients.
A unified framework for frequency control and congestion management

The existing frequency control framework in power systems is challenged by lower inertia and more volatile power injections. We propose a new framework for frequency control and congestion management. We formulate an optimization problem that rebalances power, restores the nominal frequency, restores inter-area flows and maintains line flows below their limits in a way that minimizes the control cost. The cost can be squared deviations from the reference generations, minimizing the disruption from the last optimal dispatch. Our control thus maintains system security without interfering with the market operation. By deriving a primal-dual algorithm to solve this optimization, we design a completely decentralized primary frequency control without the need for explicit communication among the participating agents, and a distributed unified control which integrates primary and secondary frequency control and congestion management. Simulations show that the unified control not only achieves all the desired control goals in system equilibrium, but also improves the transient compared to traditional control schemes.
Teaching and assessing programming strategies explicitly

This paper describes how programming strategies were explicitly instructed and assessed in an introductory programming course and describes the impact of this curricular change. A description is given of how strategies were explicitly integrated into teaching materials and assessed in assignments and examinations. Comparisons are made between the outcomes of novices under the new curriculum and results of novices' learning under the previous implicit-only strategy curriculum, measured in an earlier study. This comparison shows improvement in novices' strategy application under the new curriculum.
Gendered-Racial Stereotypic Beliefs about African American Women and Relationship Quality

There is limited research examining factors that impact the quality of African American heterosexual intimate relationships. While scholars have theorized that the endorsement of stereotypes negatively impact these relationships, no previous studies have examined this claim. This study aimed to fill a gap in the literature by exploring the effect of gendered-racial stereotypes of African American women on relationship satisfaction. Using a community sample of 137 African Americans, who were married or in a committed dating relationship, it was found that for both African American men and women higher levels of endorsement of the Jezebel stereotype predicted lower levels of relationship satisfaction. The researchers discuss the implications of this finding and provide suggestions for future research.
Synchronous handshake circuits

We present the synchronous implementation of handshake circuits as an extra feature in the otherwise asynchronous design flow based on Tangram. This synchronous option can be used in the mapping onto FPGAs or as a fallback option to provide a circuit that is easier to test and integrate in a synchronous environment. When single-rail and synchronous realizations of the same handshake circuit are compared, the synchronous versions typically require fewer state-holding elements, occupy less area, have similar performance, but consume significantly more power (in the examples studied up to a factor four). Synchronous handshake circuits provide a means to study clock-gating techniques based on the synthesis starting from a behavioral-level specification. In addition, the study provides hints as to where the asynchronous handshake circuits may be optimized further.
Cytogenetic Effect of Allelochemicals Brassica nigra L. Extracts on Pisum sativum L.

Allelopathic potential of mustard extracts (Brassica nigra L.) was studied. Aqueous extract of mustard (Brassica nigra L.) at 0.25, 0.50 and 1% concentrations were applied to determine their effect on storage pea seeds germination, mitotic division, meiotic division and cell cycle. Increasing concentration of mustard extracts inhibited seeds germination. The data showed that mustard extract inhibited the cell division and increased the percentage of chromosomal aberrations in both mitotic and meiotic cell divisions of Pisum sativum plants. The lower percentage of mitotic index (MI) reached 7.44 and 7.99 % with 1% mustard extract after pea storage for 3&6 months compared to control (9.73 and 9.08%), respectively. Also, mustard extracts increased the percentage of chromosomal aberrations in mitoses which reached 14.92 and 12.94 % with higher concentration (1%) and storage for 3&6 months compared with control 0.98, 0.48%. The value of the meiotic abnormalities in pollen mother cells (PMCs) was 4.68 and 3.98 % after treated with 1% for storage 3&6 months as compared with the control 0.74 and 0.54 %. The types of abnormalities in both divisions were disturbed chromosome, stickiness, lagging chromosome and bridges. The cytomertic analysis revealed marked inhibition in the DNA synthesis in S phase and G especially at treated with the highest concentrations of 2 mustard extracts and storage for 3&6 months. Cytomertic measurement showed accumulation of cells in the G /G phase and 4C-DNA. The percentages of cells having 2C-DNA content decreased while the cells having 01 4C-DNA increased.
Self-Esteem in People with Physical Disabilities: Differences between Active and Inactive Individuals

Summary The aim of the study was to determine the status of SE in people with physical disabilities (PwPD) and compare SE scores between active and inactive individuals. The sample of PwPD (n = 186) was divided into two groups of those who are regularly participating in sport (active; n = 88) and those who are not participating in any sport in their leisure (inactive; n = 98). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) was used as a primary research method. 10-item scale measures global self-worth by measuring positive and negative feelings about the self. Higher scores (from 10 to 40 points) indicate higher SE. The Pearson chi-square test was used to determine the differences of 10 RSES items and total scores between active and inactive PwPD. We found that the mean score of RSES in PwPD was 28.83 points; active PwPD observed total score of RSES 30.01 points and group of inactive PwPD showed the lowest SE by achieving 27.76 points. Mean scores comparison of each RSES item between active and inactive PwPD revealed higher SE in the group of active PwPD. Significantly higher SE was presented by 4 from 10 RSES items and by total score in the group of active PwPD. The results of our study confirmed that actively living PwPD have significantly higher SE comparing those PwPD who are living sedentary life style.
Expectation of life at old age predicted from a single death rate: Models and applications

This paper introduces empirical relations between the death rate at a given age and the remaining life expectancy at that same age. The relations prove to be of prediction accuracy exceeding that of the common alternative, extrapolation of the death rates into older ages based on data at younger ages. Being close in accuracy to models by Horiuchi, Coale and Mitra, the proposed models may be of use in cases when the latter models may not be applied because of either lack of data on old-age mortality or violation of the underlying assumptions, such as population stability. Combining the proposed models with constrained extrapolations of old-age mortality will be a useful tool in estimating and projecting old-age mortality, completing life tables for young cohorts and extending model and empirical life tables to old age.
Prognostic value of pathological characteristics of invasive margins in early-stage squamous cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix.

BACKGROUND To evaluate the pathological characteristics of invasive margins in early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinomas and their association with other clinicopathological features including clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with FIGO stage IB-IIA cervical squamous cell carcinomas who received surgical treatment and had available follow-up information were identified. Their histological slides were reviewed for prognostic variables including tumor size, grade, extent of invasion, lymphovascular invasion, involvement of vaginal margin or parametrium, and lymph node metastasis. The characteristics of invasive margins including invasive pattern (closed, finger-like, or spray-like type), degree of stromal desmoplasia, and degree of peritumoral inflammatory reaction were evaluated along the entire invasive fronts of tumours. Associations between the characteristics of invasive margins and other clinicopathological variables and disease-free survival were assessed. RESULTS A total of 190 patients were included in the study with a median follow-up duration of 73 months. Tumour recurrence was observed in 18 patients (9%). Spray-like invasive pattern was significantly more associated as compared with closed or finger-like invasive pattern (p=0.005), whereas the degree of stromal desmoplasia or peritumoral inflammatory reaction was not. Low degree of peritumoral inflammatory reaction appeared linked with lymph node metastasis (p=0.021). In multivariate analysis, a spray-like invasive pattern was independently associated with marked stromal desmoplasia (p=0.013), whilst marked desmoplasia was also independently associated with low inflammatory reactions (p=0.009). Furthermore, low inflammatory reactions were independently associated with positive margins (p=0.022) and lymphovascular invasion (p=0.034). The patients with spray-like invasive pattern had a significantly lower disease-free survival compared with those with closed or finger-like pattern (p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS There is a complex interaction between cancer tissue at the invasive margin and changes in surrounding stroma. A spray-like invasive pattern has a prognostic value in patients with early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma.
SymDroid: Symbolic Execution for Dalvik Bytecode

Apps on Google’s Android mobile device platform are written in Java, but are compiled to a special bytecode language called Dalvik. In this paper, we introduce SymDroid, a symbolic executor that operates directly on Dalvik bytecode. SymDroid begins by first translating Dalvik into μ-Dalvik, a simpler language that has only 16 instructions, in contrast to Dalvik’s more than 200 instructions. We present a formalism for SymDroid’s symbolic executor, which can be described with a small number of operational semantics rules; this semantics may be of independent interest. In addition to modeling bytecode instructions, SymDroid also contains models of some key portions of the Android platform, including libraries and the platform’s lifecycle control code. We evaluated SymDroid in two ways. First, we ran it on the Android Compatibility Test Suite, and found it passed all tests except ones that used library or system routines we have not yet implemented. On this test suite, SymDroid runs about twice as slow as the Dalvik VM, and about twice as fast as the Java VM. Second, we used SymDroid to discover the (path) conditions under which contacts may be accessed on an Android app, and found it was able to do so successfully. These results suggest that SymDroid, while still a prototype, is a promising first step in enabling direct, precise analysis of Android apps.
Variability of Coefficient Alpha: An Empirical Investigation of the Scales of Psychological Wellbeing

Using reliability generalization analysis, the purpose of this study was to characterize the average score reliability, the variability of the score reliability estimates, and explore possible characteristics (e.g., sample size) that influence the reliability of scores across studies using the Scales of Psychological Wellbeing (PWB; Ryff, 1989, 2014). Published studies were included in this investigation if they appeared in a peer-reviewed journal, used 1 or more PWB subscales, estimated coefficient alpha value(s) for the PWB subscale(s), and were written in English. Of the 924 articles generated by the search strategy, a total of 264 were included in the final sample for meta-analysis. The average value reported for coefficient alpha referencing the composite PWB Scale was 0.858, with mean coefficient alphas ranging from 0.722 for the autonomy subscale to 0.801 for the self-acceptance subscale. The 95% prediction intervals ranged from [. 653, . 996] for the composite PWB. The lower bound of the prediction intervals for specific subscales were >. 350. Moderator analyses revealed significant differences in score reliability estimates across select sample and test characteristics. Most notably, R2 values linked with test length ranged from 40% to 71%. Concerns were identified with the use of the 3-item per PWB subscale which reinforces claims advanced by Ryff (2014). Suggestions for researchers using the PWB are advanced which span measurement considerations and standards of reporting. Psychological researchers who calculate score reliability estimates within their own work should recognize the implications of alpha coefficient values on validity, null hypothesis significant testing, and effect sizes.