Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Cognitive Development and Age on Elementary Students' Science Achievement for Structured Inductive and Semi-Deductive Inquiry Strategies.

This study explored Morine and Morine's (Discovery: A challenge to teachers. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1973) assumptions regarding age and cognitive development of learners successfully utilizing two types of inquiry, specifically structured inductive and semi-deductive. Two groups of elementary school students from grades one, three and five were individually assessed on six conservation tasks and a multiplicative classification task. The two groups were instructed on two different science topics utilizing different inquiry strategies. Achievement data from topic specific tests were analyzed by an ANOVA technique. The results indicated that age made a significant difference on achievement for both inquiry strategies. The significant contributions were due to the differences between grade one and grades three and five. The differences between grade three and grade five were not significant. The effect of cognitive development was more noticeable in the less structured semi-deductive strategy in which four conservation tasks and the multiplicative classification tasks were significant.
Inhibition of myogenesis by Notch: Evidence for multiple pathways

Notch signaling is critical for skeletal muscle development and regeneration, permitting the expansion of progenitor cells by preventing premature differentiation. We have interrogated the pathways through which ligand‐mediated signaling inhibits myogenesis by identifying Notch target genes and assessing their impact on differentiation in vitro. Notch activation led to the robust induction of the transcriptional repressors Hey1 and HeyL in myoblasts, but only constitutive expression of Hey1 blocked myogenesis. siRNA‐mediated knockdown of Hey1 had no effect on Notch's ability to inhibit differentiation, suggesting the existence of additional, possibly redundant pathways. We identified 82 genes whose expression was activated when C2C12 myoblasts were cultured in the presence of the Notch ligand Dll4. One of these, MyoR, is a novel Notch‐responsive gene, whose protein product is known to repress myogenesis in vitro. siRNA‐mediated knockdown of MyoR alone, or in combination with Hey1, was also ineffective at rescuing differentiation in the presence of Dll4. Our data support a model in which Notch signaling inhibits myogenesis through multiple pathways, two of which are defined by the Notch target genes Hey1 and MyoR. J. Cell. Physiol. 218: 84–93, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time‐course of changes in the myonuclear domain during denervation in young‐adult and old rat gastrocnemius muscle

If myonuclear loss initiates muscle wasting, it should precede the loss of muscle mass. As aging affects muscle plasticity, the time‐course of muscle atrophy during disuse may differ between young and old animals. To investigate this, gastrocnemius muscles of 5‐ and 25‐month‐old rats were exposed to 1, 2, or 4 weeks of denervation, whereas the contralateral gastrocnemius muscles served as controls. Muscle fibers of each type responded similarly to 4 weeks of denervation. For both ages most of the atrophy (36%; P < 0.001) occurred in the first 2 weeks. In young‐adult muscles, the myonuclear number remained constant, but in old muscles it decreased to below control level after 4 weeks of denervation (P < 0.05). Despite this differential response, myonuclear domain size decreased similarly at both ages (P < 0.001). In both young‐adult and old rats, denervation‐induced atrophy was not preceded by a loss of myonuclei. Muscle Nerve 43: 212–222, 2011
Differential Age and Sex Effects in Semantic Recognition of Odors and Words

This study examined the impact of age and sex on olfactory function as determined by a cued odor identification test and on semantic knowledge as indexed by a vocabulary test using a large population-based sample. 1497 healthy adults varying in age from 35 to 95 years were assessed in odor identification and in vocabulary proficiency. The results showed that aging exhibited negative repercussions on performance in both tests, although the age effect was stronger in the olfactory task. Corroborating previous observations, females identified more odors than men irrespective of age. The implications of the findings are discussed.
Historical Ontologies of Uncertainty and Money: Rethinking the Current Critique of Finance

This article examines how the notion of uncertainty is used as a tool of critique in the context of financial crises. It counters the prevalent tendency to understand uncertainty solely in terms of an epistemological limit to knowledge. Uncertainty should rather be seen in the context of different historical ontologies of money and economic subjectivity. The article uses a historical analysis to make its point. It investigates two discourses on uncertainty in the context of financial crisis that are usually not properly distinguished: the role of uncertainty for debating the financial crisis in the 1930s and since 2008. While in the first case the financial future was defined in terms of a potential that needs to be seized and materialized by a subject that is able to posit its will through time, the current appeal to uncertainty depicts the future as a catastrophe that needs to be survived and feared by the subject. Each notion of uncertainty gives rise to very different regulatory responses. The article discusses these historical findings in regard to the critical hopes pinned on the notion of uncertainty.
Embodiment and Experience: The Existential Ground of Culture and Self

Introduction: the body as representation and being-in-the-world Thomas J. Csordas Part I. Paradigms and Polemics: 1. Bodies and anti-bodies: flesh and fetish in contemporary social theory Terence Turner 2. Society's body: emotion and the 'somatization' of social theory M. L. Lyon and J. M. Barbalet Part II. Form, Appearance and Movement: 3. The political economy of injury and compassion: amputees on the Thai-Cambodia border Lindsay French 4. Nurturing and negligence: working on others' bodies in Fiji Anne E. Becker 5. The silenced body - the expressive Leib: on the dialectic of mind and life in Chinese cathartic healing Thomas Ots Part III. Self, Sensibility, and Emotion: 6. Embodied metaphors: nerves as lived experience Setha M. Low 7. Bodily transactions of the passions: El Calor among Salvadoran women refugees Janis H. Jenkins and Martha Valiente 8. The embodiment of symbols and the acculturation of the anthropologist Carol Laderman Part IV. Pain and Meaning: 9. Chronic pain and the tension between the body as subject and object Jean Jackson 10. The individual in terror E. Valentine Daniel 11. Rape trauma: contexts of meaning Cathy Winkler 12. Words from the Holy People: a case study in cultural phenomenology Thomas J. Csordas.
A Decision-Support System that Helps Retailers Decide Order Quantities and Markdowns for Fashion Goods

We developed MARK, a stochastic dynamic-programming model-based decision-support system, specifically to help retail-store buyers of fashion goods decide on optimal merchandise order quantities and markdown prices. We implemented MARK as an interactive software program that runs on users' personal computers and can be integrated with the retailers' point-of-sale (POS) and other information systems. As we show in an actual-case illustration, MARK improved profitability and managers' understanding of the decision problems. MARK also provides valuable insights into the interplay between order-quantity and dynamic-pricing decisions. For example, higher markdown percentages do not necessarily mean lower profits.
Feedback Control Under Data Rate Constraints: An Overview

The emerging area of control with limited data rates incorporates ideas from both control and information theory. The data rate constraint introduces quantization into the feedback loop and gives the interconnected system a two-fold nature, continuous and symbolic. In this paper, we review the results available in the literature on data-rate-limited control. For linear systems, we show how fundamental tradeoffs between the data rate and control goals, such as stability, mean entry times, and asymptotic state norms, emerge naturally. While many classical tools from both control and information theory can still be used in this context, it turns out that the deepest results necessitate a novel, integrated view of both disciplines
Solving Unit Commitment by a Unit Decommitment Method

A problem that must be frequently solved by a power utility is to economically determine a schedule of what units will be used to meet the forecast demand, and operating constraints such as spinning reserve requirements, over a short time horizon. This problem is commonly referred to as the unit commitment (UC) problem. The UC problem is in the class of NP-hard problems. Many optimization methods have been proposed to solve the UC problem. Among them, the Lagrangian relaxation (LR) methods are the most widely used approaches for solving such a problem. In this paper, we present an alternative method for solving the UC problem, which can be regarded as an approximate implementation of the LR approach. The basic idea is to employ a unit decommitment method. This method starts with a solution having all available units on-line at all hours in the planning horizon and determines an optimal strategy for decommitting units, one at a time. We show that the number of iterations required by the method is bounded by the number of units. Empirical tests suggest that the proposed method is more efficient and robust than the LR approach.
The human tri-peptide GHK and tissue remodeling

Tissue remodeling follows the initial phase of wound healing and stops inflammatory and scar-forming processes, then restores the normal tissue morphology. The human peptide Gly-(L-His)-(L-Lys) or GHK, has a copper 2+ (Cu2+) affinity similar to the copper transport site on albumin and forms GHK-Cu, a complex with Cu2+. These two molecules activate a plethora of remodeling related processes: (1) chemoattraction of repair cells such as macrophages, mast cells, capillary cells; (2) anti-inflammatory actions (suppression of free radicals, thromboxane formation, release of oxidizing iron, transforming growth factor beta-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha and protein glycation while increasing superoxide dismutase, vessel vasodilation, blocking ultraviolet damage to skin keratinocytes and improving fibroblast recovery after X-ray treatments); (3) increases protein synthesis of collagen, elastin, metalloproteinases, anti-proteases, vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 2, nerve growth factor, neutrotropins 3 and 4, and erythropoietin; (4) increases the proliferation of fibroblasts and keratinocytes; nerve outgrowth, angiogenesis, and hair follicle size. GHK-Cu stimulates wound healing in numerous models and in humans. Controlled studies on aged skin demonstrated that it tightens skin, improves elasticity and firmness, reduces fine lines, wrinkles, photodamage and hyperpigmentation. GHK-Cu also improves hair transplant success, protects hepatic tissue from tetrachloromethane poisoning, blocks stomach ulcer development, and heals intestinal ulcers and bone tissue. These results are beginning to define the complex biochemical processes that regulate tissue remodeling.
Developmental Changes During Their Supervisees' First Practicum

Little supervision research has tested a particular developmental model or employed a longitudinal design (Borders, 1986; Holloway, 1987; Worthington, 1987). This study investigated short-term changes along three dimensions postulated by Stoltenberg (1981): self-awareness, dependency/autonomy, and theory/skills acquisition. Supervisees (n = 44) completed the Supervisee Levels Questionnaire (SLQ; McNeill, Stoltenberg, & Pierce, 1985) at the beginning and end of first practicum. An analysis of covariance revealed supervisees reported statistically significant gains on all three developmental dimensions. Results provided additional support for a developmental perspective on supervision, but indicated a need to clarify the definition of developmental level.
SAFE SPACE: STUDENT PERSPECTIVES ON CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT

Based on data from a survey of 121 baccalaureate and master of social work students at a western university, this study explores students' perspectives of "safe" and "unsafe" classroom environments. The majority reported that being in a safe classroom changed both what and how much they learned. Students offered a wide range of instructor, fellow student, personal, and classroom characteristics that contribute to the creation of safe and unsafe spaces. Responses about such characteristics were relatively consistent across genders, race (measured as being White or of color), and program level. Implications for social work education and research are offered.
Revisiting transdermal scopolamine for postoperative nausea and vomiting

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and postdischarge nausea and vomiting (PDNV) in ambulatory patients remain serious problems that affect a substantial subset of surgical patients. Guidelines recommend that patients be stratified for risk, and patients at moderate-to-high risk be administered prophylactic PONV/PDNV therapy. Risk stratification on the four-point Apfel scale assigns one point for each of the following: female sex, nonsmoking status, history of PONV or motion sickness, and the use of postoperative opioids. Patients who score 2 or higher are considered to be at moderate-to-high risk. Other risk factors have been evaluated and discussed in the literature, such as type and duration of surgery. Surprisingly, although PONV/PDNV is more common in the first 24 hours after anesthesia, it may occur for days following surgery, and so, continuous treatment is advantageous. Transdermal scopolamine is a well-established agent with a history of safety and efficacy for PONV/PDNV prevention. Scopolamine is an anticholinergic agent that is generally well tolerated; side effects tend to be mild to moderate. The most frequently reported side effects with transdermal scopolamine are visual disturbances and dry mouth. Once adhered to the skin, the patch administers an initial dose and then a continuous dose of medication over 72 hours. Transdermal scopolamine is easy to administer, safe, effective, and relatively cost-effective, and it should be considered as an important tool to help prevent PONV/PDNV, whether administered as monotherapy or in combination with other agent(s).
National Trends in Statin Use by Coronary Heart Disease Risk Category

Background Only limited research tracks United States trends in the use of statins recorded during outpatient visits, particularly use by patients at moderate to high cardiovascular risk. Methods and Findings Data collected between 1992 and 2002 in two federally administered surveys provided national estimates of statin use among ambulatory patients, stratified by coronary heart disease risk based on risk factor counting and clinical diagnoses. Statin use grew from 47% of all lipid-lowering medications in 1992 to 87% in 2002, with atorvastatin being the leading medication in 2002. Statin use by patients with hyperlipidemia, as recorded by the number of patient visits, increased significantly from 9% of patient visits in 1992 to 49% in 2000 but then declined to 36% in 2002. Absolute increases in the rate of statin use were greatest for high-risk patients, from 4% of patient visits in 1992 to 19% in 2002. Use among moderate-risk patients increased from 2% of patient visits in 1992 to 14% in 1999 but showed no continued growth subsequently. In 2002, 1 y after the release of the Adult Treatment Panel III recommendations, treatment gaps in statin use were detected for more than 50% of outpatient visits by moderate- and high-risk patients with reported hyperlipidemia. Lower statin use was independently associated with younger patient age, female gender, African American race (versus non-Hispanic white), and non-cardiologist care. Conclusion Despite notable improvements in the past decade, clinical practice fails to institute recommended statin therapy during many ambulatory visits of patients at moderate-to-high cardiovascular risk. Innovative approaches are needed to promote appropriate, more aggressive statin use for eligible patients.
Metastatic Carcinoma of Unknown Primary: Diagnostic Approach Using Immunohistochemistry

Carcinoma of unknown primary origin (CUP) is one of the 10 most prevalent malignancies. CUP patients in whom a site of origin can be ascribed have better outcomes than those in which the primary tumor remains unidentified. Among the tools available to pathologists in approaching these lesions, immunohistochemistry is a reliable, inexpensive, and widely available resource. New markers continue to emerge, which, in combination with other historically useful antibodies, allow rapid and accurate identification of primary site in an increasing number of cases. This review discusses the approach to the diagnosis of CUP using immunohistochemistry and outlines some of the most useful markers with a particular focus on the utility of lineage-restricted transcription factors, including CDX2, NKX3-1, PAX8, SATB2, TTF-1, and SF1.
Strategies for vitamin B6 biofortification of plants: a dual role as a micronutrient and a stress protectant

Vitamin B6 has an essential role in cells as a cofactor for several metabolic enzymes. It has also been shown to function as a potent antioxidant molecule. The recent elucidation of the vitamin B6 biosynthesis pathways in plants provides opportunities for characterizing their importance during developmental processes and exposure to stress. Humans and animals must acquire vitamin B6 with their diet, with plants being a major source, because they cannot biosynthesize it de novo. However, the abundance of the vitamin in the edible portions of the most commonly consumed plants is not sufficient to meet daily requirements. Genetic engineering has proven successful in increasing the vitamin B6 content in the model plant Arabidopsis. The added benefits associated with the enhanced vitamin B6 content, such as higher biomass and resistance to abiotic stress, suggest that increasing this essential micronutrient could be a valuable option to improve the nutritional quality and stress tolerance of crop plants. This review summarizes current achievements in vitamin B6 biofortification and considers strategies for increasing vitamin B6 levels in crop plants for human health and nutrition.
Psychological Contracts and Student-Athlete Retention

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the impact that perceived breaches of psychological contracts have on student-athletes’ affective outcomes. Based on a sample of 258 NCAA Division I student-athletes at a large, Midwestern university, the results reveal that coaches and student-athletes do form transactional and relational psychological contracts. Coaches and student-athletes also form psychological contracts related to training obligations. Breaches of psychological contracts related to training obligations were found to have significantly lower student-athletes’ trust in their coaches and affective commitment to their teams. Breaches were also found to increase student-athletes’ intentions to leave their schools.
Campaign Mixed-Message Flows and Timing of Vote Decision

The impact of a campaign on voters’ decisions depends, in part, on when voters make their decisions. Voters who decide at the start of a campaign will be much less influenced by the campaign than those who decide at the end. But what explains when voters make their decisions? We address this question by focusing on two key factors: (a) the nature of the campaign information environment - that is, the extent to which it is one-sided or partial to one candidate as opposed to mixed with equally favorable information for both candidates, and (b) individual openness to persuasion - specifically, the extent to which individuals are ambivalent about the candidates. We find that mixed information delays the decisions of voters who are the most ambivalent, above and beyond voters’ demographics, political knowledge, interest, and partisan strength. In short, timing of vote decisions depends on an interaction between the competitive nature of the campaign and individual susceptibility to persuasion.
Student engagement and departure intention: an Australian university perspective

This study addresses the departure intentions of an Australian university business student cohort that is characterised by high levels of diversity in pre-entry attributes. The study investigates the level of student engagement using the academic and social integration components of the Student Engagement Questionnaire (SEQ) based on Tinto’s model of institutional departure. The results showed that the pre-entry attributes of students such as gender and low socio-economic status, together with first year of study, were not significant in determining student engagement. There were, however, significant differences in departure intention based on student engagement, particularly in terms of interaction with administrative support services and satisfaction with the educational experience. Overall, the findings support the view that institutional efforts to engage business students in the early stages of their studies minimise the risk of departure.
Targeting Inflammation in Cancer-Related-Fatigue: A Rationale for Mistletoe Therapy as Supportive Care in Colorectal Cancer Patients

Background: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) affects a majority of patients (pts) with symptoms lasting up to several years after finishing therapy. These symptoms lead to decreased health related quality of life. Fatigue during treatment for colorectal cancer is common, but poorly understood and can affect compliance with post-surgical cancer therapy. We examined the fatigue levels during first-line chemo- or radio-chemotherapy protocols, which were supported by a pharmaceutical mistletoe preparation (Iscador®Qu) (181patients). We compared the outcome to a parallel control group (143 patients), which did not receive this supportive care treatment. Methods: The medical records of 324 patients with non-metastasized colorectal cancer (UICC stage I - III), which were obtained from hospitals and resident physicians, were assessed. The documented treatment decision by chemo- or radio-chemotherapy supported by mistletoe interventions was followed for a median treatment period of 8.6 months. During the post-surgical treatment period the patients were diagnosed twice for the presence of fatigue symptoms by structural interviews carried out by physicians. Results: At the end of the median treatment period, 16/181 patients (8.8%) were diagnosed with CRF in the supportive care group and 86/143 (60.1%) in the chemo – or radio-chemotherapy group without supportive mistletoe medication. Multivariable-adjusted ORs provided evidence for a chance to improve CRF by supportive mistletoe medication compared to chemo- or radio-chemotherapy alone over the time of treatment. The OR = 10.651 (95% CI 5.09-22.28; p < 0.001) declined from the first visit to OR = 0.054 (95 CI 0.02-0.13; p < 0.001) at the end of therapy. Furthermore, 14 confounding factors for risk assessment of CRF were compared by means of forest plots. It turned out that the hospital versus office-based treatment and the co-morbidity/inflammation represent independent but important determinants for fatigue levels. Conclusion: The clinically used mistletoe medication (Iscador®Qu) is the first candidate to be included in a supportive care modus into chemo- or chemo-radiotherapy protocols for colorectal patients to improve CRF without discernable toxicities.