Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Opportunity recognition among migrant entrepreneurs

This article examines the decision-making process of Polish migrant entrepreneurs (MEs) using the theoretical lens of opportunity recognition, which has not yet been applied to MEs. First, the article provides empirical evidence on Polish MEs in Glasgow on the incremental nature of their entrepreneurial decisions, their ability to perceive opportunities in the community niche market located in the local opportunity structure and the role played by the household context, highlighting that starting-up is a household and not an individual decision. Second, building on the opportunity recognition literature, the article proposes the concept of haphazard entrepreneurship in the case of MEs. The concept encompasses notions of serendipity and mixed embeddedness and recognizes the importance of household migration and settlement strategies in entrepreneurial decision-making.
Exotic Plant Species as Problems and Solutions in Ecological Restoration: A Synthesis

Exotic species have become increasingly significant management problems in parks and reserves and frequently complicate restoration projects. At the same time there may be circumstances in which their removal may have unforeseen negative consequences or their use in restoration is desirable. We review the types of effects exotic species may have that are important during restoration and suggest research that could increase our ability to set realistic management goals. Their control and use may be controversial; therefore we advocate consideration of exotic species in the greater context of community structure and succession and emphasize areas where ecological research could bring insight to management dilemmas surrounding exotic species and restoration. For example, an understanding of the potential transience of exotics in a site and the role particular exotics might play in changing processes that influence the course of succession is essential to setting removal priorities and realistic management goals. Likewise, a greater understanding of the ecological role of introduced species might help to reduce controversy surrounding their purposeful use in restoration. Here we link generalizations emerging from the invasion ecology literature with practical restoration concerns, including circumstances when it is practical to use exotic species in restoration.
Rate and Predictors of Carotid Artery Intima Media Thickness Progression in Antiretroviral-Naive HIV-Infected and Uninfected Adults: A 48-Week Matched Prospective Cohort Study

Background Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) progresses faster in HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy (ART) than the general population. It is unclear if the rate of progression is similarly faster in ART-naive, HIV-infected adults. Methods This was a 48-week prospective cohort study to compare change in CIMT and inflammation markers in ART-naive, HIV-infected adults in no immediate need of ART (HIV-positive/ART-naive) and age/sex/body mass index (BMI)-matched controls (HIV-negative). Results A total of 85 HIV-positive/ART-naive and 45 HIV-negative participants were enrolled. In the HIV-positive/ ART-naive group, median baseline CD4+ T-cell count and HIV-1 RNA were 535 cells/mm3 and 6,916 copies/ml. Baseline common carotid artery (CCA) and bulb CIMTs were similar between groups. Changes in CIMT to 48 weeks at both sites were not different within- or between-groups (median [IQR] change in HIV-positive/ART-naive versus HIV-negative CCA CIMT -0.0071 mm [-0.0267–0.0233] versus 0.0113 mm [-0.0117–0.0306]; P=0.19 between-groups; and bulb CIMT 0.0017 mm [-0.0367–0.06167] versus 0.01 mm [-0.0383–0.0625]; P=0.54). After adjustment for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, change in CCA CIMT was greater in HIV-negative participants (-0.0046 versus 0.0177 mm for HIV-positive/ART-naive versus HIV-negative; P=0.01). In HIV-positive/ART-naive, interleukin (IL)-6, soluble tumour necrosis factor-α receptor (sTNFR)-II, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 were higher at both time points and D-dimer was higher at week 48 (P<0.01 for all). IL-6, sTNFR-I and D-dimer increased over 48 weeks in HIV-positive/ART-naive participants (P<0.01 for all). In HIV-positive/ART-naive participants, independent predictors of greater change in CCA CIMT were higher BMI (P=0.05) and family history of CVD (P<0.01) and of greater change in bulb CIMT were higher sTNFR-I (P=0.03) and higher diastolic blood pressure (P<0.01). Conclusions In ART-naive HIV-infected adults at low risk of HIV disease progression and low cardiovascular risk, CIMT progression rate was similar to matched controls. In addition to traditional CVD risk factors, higher levels of sTNFR-I predicted greater bulb CIMT changes.
Listening to young people with autism: learning from researcher experiences

ABSTRACT This study explores the opportunities and dilemmas that have been encountered by researchers seeking the views of young people with autism. Twelve researchers were interviewed about their experiences in this field. Through exploration of the complex methodological and ethical issues that they encountered, this study aims to better understand how researchers can improve the way they listen to, and engage with, the views of children and young people with autism. This article discusses four themes that emerged from the interviews: power dynamics; building rapport; communication; and meaningful processes and outputs.
Bkm sequences from the human X chromosome contain large clusters of GATA/GACA repeats

In order to determine whether the regional localizations of Bkm repeats detected on the human X chromosome consisted of typical GATA/GACA repeats, clones were isolated, mapped, and sequenced. Nine Bkm‐hybridizing clones from Kunkel's fluorescent‐activated, cell‐sorted X‐chromosome library were all unique. Five were mapped in detail with restriction enzymes and the Bkm‐hybridizing segments were localized. Confirmation of X chromosomal homology was obtained for 2 of the clones and Bkm segments from these 2 clones were sequenced. Seventeen contiguous GATA repeats were found in each clone and the overall repeat arrangement showed relatively few differences from previously sequenced Bkm sequences. These are the first sequences of human Bkm repeats. The results, when compared with previously published results, suggest that there may be significant differences between the organization of Bkm repeats on the human X and on the human Y chromosome.
How dictogloss can facilitate collocation learning in ELT

This instructional intervention investigated the potential for the text reconstruction task dictogloss to facilitate the learning of English verb–noun collocations, for example ‘carry a risk’. Research has shown that learners have difficulties in using such collocations, but few useful instructional techniques are on offer. Participants in the study were 64 L1 Swedish adolescent learners of English. The effectiveness of two modified versions of the dictogloss was compared in a within-subjects design. This implied that participants in pairs co-reconstructed two texts containing target collocations, where each co-reconstruction was preceded by a specific priming activity to induce learners to process collocations as intact wholes. Results showed that having learners elaborate on the meaning of collocations in a pre-task activity outperformed a form-oriented pre-task activity on all measures, notably for productive knowledge on delayed post-tests. The findings are discussed in relation to previous research and their implications for ELT.
ANOSOV DIFFEOMORPHISMS ON NILMANIFOLDS UP TO DIMENSION 8

After more than thirty years, the only known examples of Anosov diffeomorphisms are hyperbolic automorphisms of infranilmanifolds. It is also important to note that the existence of an Anosov automorphism is a really strong condition on an infranilmanifold. Any Anosov automorphism deter- mines an automorphism of the rational Lie algebra determined by the lattice, which is hyperbolic and unimodular (and conversely .). These two conditions together are strong enough to make of such rational nilpotent Lie algebras (called Anosov Lie algebras) very distinguished objects. In this paper, we classify Anosov Lie algebras of dimension less or equal than 8. As a corollary, we obtain that if an infranilmanifold of dimension n � 8 admits an Anosov diffeomorphism f and it is not a torus or a compact flat manifold (i.e. covered by a torus), then n=6 or 8 and the signature of f necessarily equals {3,3} or {4,4}, respectively. We had to study the set of all rational forms up to isomorphism of many real Lie algebras, which is a subject on its own and it is treated in a section completely independent of the rest of the paper.
Is Streptococcus pyogenes Resistant or Susceptible to Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole?

ABSTRACT Streptococcus pyogenes is commonly believed to be resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT), resulting in reservations about using SXT for skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) where S. pyogenes is involved. S. pyogenes' in vitro susceptibility to SXT depends on the medium's thymidine content. Thymidine allows S. pyogenes to bypass the sulfur-mediated inhibition of folate metabolism and, historically, has resulted in apparently reduced susceptibility of S. pyogenes to sulfur antibacterials. The low thymidine concentration in Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) is now regulated. We explored S. pyogenes susceptibility to SXT on various media. Using two sets of 100 clinical S. pyogenes isolates, we tested for susceptibility using SXT Etests on MHA containing defibrinated horse blood and 20 mg/liter β-NAD (MHF), MHA with sheep blood (MHS), MHA alone, MHA with horse blood (MHBA), and MHA with lysed horse blood (MHLHBA). European Committee on Antibacterial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints defined susceptibility (MIC, ≤1 mg/liter) and resistance (MIC, >2 mg/liter). In study 1, 99% of S. pyogenes isolates were susceptible to SXT on MHA, MHBA, and MHLHBA, with geometric mean MICs of 0.04, 0.04, and 0.05 mg/liter, respectively. In study 2, all 100 S. pyogenes isolates were susceptible to SXT on MHF, MHS, MHA, and MHLHBA with geometric mean MICs of 0.07, 0.16, 0.07, and 0.09 mg/liter, respectively. This study confirms the in vitro susceptibility of S. pyogenes to SXT, providing support for the use of SXT for SSTIs. A clinical trial using SXT for impetigo is ongoing.
numerical study of the flow of Bingham-like fluids in two-dimensional vane nd cylinder rheometers using a smoothed particle hydrodynamics SPH ) based method

In this paper, a Lagrangian formulation of the Navier–Stokes equations, based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) approach, was applied to determine how well rheological parameters such as plastic viscosity can be determined from vane rheometer measurements. First, to validate this approach, a Bingham/Papanastasiou constitutive model was implemented into the SPH model and tests comparing simulation results to well established theoretical predictions were conducted. Numerical simulations for the flow of fluids in vane and coaxial cylinder rheometers were then performed. A comparison to ane rheometer moothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) ingham fluid on-Newtonian fluid apanastasiou model experimental data was also made to verify the application of the SPH method in realistic flow geometries. Finally, results are presented from a parametric study of the flow of Bingham fluids with different yield stresses under various applied angular velocities of the outer cylindrical wall in the vane and coaxial cylinder rheometers. The stress, strain rate and velocity profiles, especially in the vicinity of the vane blades, were computed. By comparing the calculated stress and flow fields between the two rheometers, the validity of the assumption that the vane could be approximated as a cylinder for measuring the Bingh rheological properties of
Test Suite Reduction by Mutation Testing Mapped to Set Cover Problem

This paper presents a novel approach for reduction of test cases in a test suite using mutation testing. The proposed approach maps the problem of reduction of test cases to the set cover problem which is one of the Karp's originally proposed 21 NP hard problems. The solution to the problem uses a Greedy Approach to find the reduced test suite. Our preliminary evaluation on three programs (Triangle problem, Quadratic problem and TCAS) shows encouraging results.
Double-Sided Parallel-Strip Line With an Inserted Conductor Plane and Its Applications

In this paper, a novel multilayer structure using the double-sided parallel-strip line with an inserted conductor plane is investigated. A conductor plane is inserted into the middle of the substrate of the double-sided parallel-strip line in the proposed structure, which can function as virtual ground to isolate the nonidentical circuits on the top and bottom layers effectively. On the other hand, the conductor plane can be negligible for the identical circuits. Based on the new structure, a dual-band stub can be realized using the isolation characteristic of the conductor plane, where the stub can be treated as a combination of two back-to-back microstrip stubs operating at different frequencies. The common ground of the two microstrip stubs is provided by the inserted conductor plane. For demonstrating this idea, a bandpass filter with two transmission zeros is optimized, fabricated, and tested. The simulated and measured results are presented and show good agreement. The size of this filter is reduced approximately by half, as compared with that of the similar type of microstrip filters.
In Vitro Induction of Endothelial Apoptosis of the Post-Hypoxic Blood-Brain Barrier by Isoflurane but Not by Sevoflurane and Midazolam

Background The effects of anesthetics on the injured brain continue to be the subject of controversial discussion. Since isoflurane has recently been shown to induce apoptosis of cerebral endothelial cells, this study compared different anesthetic compounds regarding their potential to induce cerebro-vascular apoptosis. Methods The in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier used in this study consisted of astrocyte-conditioned human umbilical vein endothelial cells (AC-HUVEC) has been used. After 24 h of deep hypoxia and reoxygenation or control treatment, AC-HUVEC were exposed to 0, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 times the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane or sevoflurane, or 0, 75, 150, or 300 nM of midazolam for 2 h. After 24 h, AC-HUVEC were harvested, and the degree of apoptosis was assessed by means of Western blots for the Bax and Bcl-2 ratio and, for controls and the highest concentration groups, terminal deoxynucleotidyl-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL). Results Without hypoxic pretreatment, 2.0 MAC of isoflurane slightly increased TUNEL intensity compared to control and sevoflurane, but without any significant changes in the Bax and Bcl-2 ratio. After hypoxic pretreatment, exposure to isoflurane led to a multifold increase in the Bax and Bcl-2 ratio in a dose dependent manner, which was also significantly higher than the ratio observed in the 2 MAC sevoflurane group. TUNEL intensity in the post-hypoxic 2 MAC isoflurane group was increased by a factor of 11 vs. control and by 40 vs. sevoflurane. Sevoflurane and midazolam did not significantly alter these markers of apoptosis, when compared to the control group. Conclusions Isoflurane administered after hypoxia elevates markers of apoptosis in endothelial cells transdifferentiated to the cerebro-vascular endothelium. Endothelial apoptosis may be a previously underestimated mechanism of anesthetic neurotoxicity. Administration of high concentrations of isoflurane in experimental settings may have negative effects on the blood-brain barrier.
Optimal Design of Composite Channels Under Slope Stability Criterion

Canals are major water conveyance systems used to deliver water to irrigation fields. Due to wide variability of local soil conditions, the stability of designed channel section may not be ensured while implementing the optimal canal sections in the real field. Hence, incorporation of slope stability condition is very helpful to provide stable irrigation channels. This paper presents Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based solutions for optimal design of composite trapezoidal channels after incorporating the slope stability criterion. The method is applied for different soil conditions to show its practical applicability. The solutions are compared with those obtained by a hybrid optimization procedure involving genetic algorithm (GA) and sequential quadratic programming (SQP). The solutions of PSO method are found to be competitive to the existing solutions. This study suggests that the proposed approach for stability constrained channel design is effective and can be used for field problems.
RELATIVE MOTION OF HURRICANE PAIRS

It is found that the observed rrlativc motion of Atlantic hnrricancs occurring si~nultanr~ously as pairs is related t)o the orientation of their line of centers, and that thc tendency to approach is more pronounced whcm the hurricane centers are positioned in an east-to-west through southeast-to-! lorthwest line. Ot,hrr orient,ations of hurricane pairs have been associated with a separation of the centcrs. The relative motion of cr:ntc,r. -; of pairs scqxtratcd more than 600 nautical miles is found to be predominantly clockwise. Most of the cases of counterclockwisc revolution of thcsc hurricane pairs occurred when the cmters were oriented in essentially an east,-to-wcst line. 1,irnitc.d data suggc~st relative, counterclockwisc: revolution existed in most cases with centers separated less thall BOO nautical miles. It is found that the predominant relative motion of Pacific tropical cpclonr pairs irl the viciuity of the Philippines is counterclockwise. It is suggested that this difference in relative motion of Pacific tropical cyclone pairs from that of Atlantic pairs may be due to differences in circulation patterlls rc,latcd to geographical fc~~t~~res.
Moral Wiggle Room Reverted: Information Avoidance is Myopic

We use a range of dictator game experiments to investigate why people avoid information. Dictators in our experiment know their own payoffs and can choose whether to learn the payoffs of the recipient. We vary whether dictators can learn the recipient's payoff before or after they are presented with their self-interested action. We find that dictators are more likely to avoid information when they do not yet know their self-interested action, and consequently act more selfishly in this case. These results go against two popular explanations of information avoidance: self-image and default effects. We study and test alternative explanations such as wishful thinking, cognitive dissonance, and attention and find support for the latter.
No large-angle correlations on the non-Galactic microwave sky

We investigate the angular two-point correlation function of temperature in the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) maps. Updating and extending earlier results, we confirm firm the lack of correlations outside the Galaxy on angular scales greater than about 600 at a level that would occur in 0.025 per cent of realizations of the concordance model. This represents a dramatic increase in significance from the original observations by the Cosmic Background Explorer Differential Microwave Radiometer (COBE-DMR) and a marked increase in significance from the first-year WMAP maps. Given the rest of the reported angular power spectrum C-l, the lack of large-angle correlations that one infers outside the plane of the Galaxy requires covariance among the C-l up to l = 5. Alternately, it requires both the unusually small (5 per cent of realizations) full-sky large-angle correlations and an Unusual coincidence of alignment of the Galaxy with the pattern of cosmological fluctuations (less than 2 per cent of those 5 per cent). We argue that unless there is Some undiscovered systematic error in their collection or reduction, the data point towards a violation of statistical isotropy. The near-vanishing of the large-angle correlations in the cut-sky maps, together with their disagreement with results inferred from full-sky maps, remains open problems, and are very difficult to understand within the concordance model.
Use of scenario evaluation in preparation for deployment of a collaborative system for knowledge transfer - the case of KiMERA

This paper presented an approach for the evaluation of a collaborative system, after the completion of system development and software testing but before its deployment. Scenario and collaborative episodes were designed and data collected from users role-playing. This was found to be a useful step in refining the user training, in setting the right level of user expectation when the system started to roll-out to real users and in providing feedback to the development team.
Computing in Spiral Rule Reaction-Diffusion Hexagonal Cellular Automaton

A hexagonal ternary-state two-dimensional cellular automaton is de-signed which imitates an activator-inhibitor reaction-diffusion system,where the activator is self-inhibited in particular concentrations and theinhibitor dissociates in the absence of the activator. The automaton ex-hibits both stationary and mobile localizations (eaters and gliders), andgenerators of mobile localizations (glider-guns). A remarkable feature ofthe automaton is the existence of spiral glider-guns, a discrete analog of aspiral wave that splits intolocalizedwave-fragments (gliders) at some dis-tance from the spiral tip. It is demonstrated that the rich spatio-temporaldynamics of interacting traveling localizations and their generators canbe used to implement computation, namely manipulation with signals,binary logical operations, multiple-value operations, and ﬁnite-state ma-chines.
Scale-by-scale budget and similarity laws for shear turbulence

Turbulent shear flows, such as those occurring in the wall region of turbulent boundary layers, show a substantial increase of intermittency in comparison with isotropic conditions. This suggests a close link between anisotropy and intermittency. However, a rigorous statistical description of anisotropic flows is, in most cases, hampered by the inhomogeneity of the field. This difficulty is absent for homogeneous shear flow. For this flow the scale-by-scale budget is discussed here by using the appropriate form of the Kámán–Howarth equation, to determine the range of scales where the shear is dominant. The resulting generalization of the four-fifths law is then used to extend to shear-dominated flows the Kolmogorov–Oboukhov theory of intermittency. The procedure leads naturally to the formulation of generalized structure functions, and the description of intermittency thus obtained reduces to the K62 theory for vanishing shear. The intermittency corrections to the scaling exponents are related to the moments of the coarse-grained energy dissipation field. Numerical experiments give indications that the dissipation field is statistically unaffected by the shear, supporting the conjecture that the intermittency corrections are universal. This observation together with the present reformulation of the theory gives a reason for the increased intermittency observed in the classical longitudinal velocity increments.