Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of ionizing radiation on the life cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ty1 retrotransposon

Ty1 elements, LTR‐retrotransposons of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are known to be activated by genetic and environmental stress. Several DNA‐damaging agents have been shown to increase both Ty1 transcription and retrotransposition. To explore further the relationship between Ty1 mobility and DNA damage, we have studied the impact of ionizing radiation at different steps of the Ty1 life cycle. We have shown that Ty1 transposition is strongly activated by γ‐irradiation and we have analysed its effect on Ty1 transcription, TyA1 protein and Ty1 cDNA levels. The activation of transposition rises with increasing doses of γ‐rays and is stronger for Ty1 elements than for the related Ty2 elements. Ty1 RNA levels are markedly elevated upon irradiation; however, no significant increase of TyA1 protein was detected as measured by TYA1–lacZ fusions and by Western blot. A moderate increase in Ty1 cDNA levels was also observed, indicating that ionizing radiation can induce the synthesis of Ty1 cDNA. In diploid cells and ste12 mutants, where both Ty1 transcription and transposition are repressed, γ‐irradiation is able to activate Ty1 transposition and increases Ty1 RNA levels. These results suggest the existence of a specific regulatory pathway involved in Ty1 response to the γ‐irradiation that would be independent of Ste12 and mating‐type factors. Our findings also indicate that ionizing radiation acts on several steps of the Ty1 life cycle. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation intentions and efficient action initiation.

Implementation intentions ("If I encounter Situation X, then I'll perform Behavior Y! ") are postulated to instigate automatic action initiation. In 4 studies, the hypothesis was tested that implementation intentions lead to immediate action initiation once the specified situation is encountered, even under conditions of high cognitive load. First, individuals whose action control is known to be hampered by disruptive cognitive business, such as opiate addicts under withdrawal (Study 1) and schizophrenic patients (Study 2), benefited from forming implementation intentions. Second, the beneficial effect of implementation intentions was also found in 2 experiments with university students (Studies 3 and 4) in which cognitive load was experimentally induced by using dual task paradigms. Results of the 4 studies suggest that forming implementation intentions instigates immediate action initiation that is also efficient.
Leveraging Literacies Through Collaborative, Source-Based Planning and Teaching in Social Studies and Language Arts

The value of preparing students for college, careers, and civic life is a shared outcome of social studies and language arts teachers. This study explores how developing content and civic literacy to these ends can be fortified through language arts and social studies teacher collaboration in source-based planning and teaching. Although numerous studies of the positive impacts of coplanning have been conducted, there has been less focus on the actual implementation of the teachers’ collaborative plans and teachers’ perceptions of their impact. Through examination of teachers’ plans and follow-up interviews about implementation, researchers found that teachers both planned and implemented inquiry-based, collaborative plans using sources to promote various types of literacy and that the collaboration increased student interest and inquiry in social studies and integrated language arts. Teachers’ perceptions of the impacts of the collaboration on students’ literacy skills were positive.
Structural characterization of highly glucosylated crocins and regulation of their biosynthesis during flower development in Crocus

Crocin biosynthesis in Crocus has been proposed to proceed through a zeaxanthin cleavage pathway catalyzed by carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 2 (CCD2), and followed by glucosylation reactions catalyzed by CsGT2 (UGT74AD1). In Crocus ancyrensis flowers, crocins with eight (crocin-1), seven (crocin-2), and six glucose (crocin-3) moieties accumulated both in stigma and tepals. We have characterized the structure of these highly glucosylated crocins and follow up their accumulation by high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector along the development of both tissues, and coupled to the isolation and analysis of the expression of eighteen genes (PSY-I, PSY-II, PDS-(I-V), ISO-ZDS, ZDS, CtrISO, LYC-I and II, BCH, CaCCD2, UGT74AD2-5) related with the apocarotenoid metabolism in C. ancyrensis tepals and stigmas. Structure elucidation of crocin-1 and crocin-2 was done by the combined use of 1D and 2D [1H, 1H] (gCOSY and TOCSY and ROESY) and [1H-13C] NMR experiments, revealing that for crocin-1 was all-trans-crocetin O-[β-D- Glucopyranosyl)-(1→4)-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1→2)]-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl diester, while crocin-2 showed an identical structure except for the absence of one glucose residue in one end of the molecule. Crocins accumulation was not synchronically regulated in stigma and tepals, although in both cases crocins accumulation parallels tissue development, decreasing at anthesis. The expression of the carotenogenic genes PSY, ZDS-V, BCH, and LCY-II was correlated with crocins accumulation. In addition, CaCCD2 and only one of the four glucosyltransferase encoding genes, UGT74AD2, were highly expressed, and the expression was correlated with high levels of crocins accumulation in stigma and tepals.
The effect of glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 polymorphisms on blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid profiles following the supplementation of kale (Brassica oleracea acephala) juice in South Korean subclinical hypertensive patients

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Glutathione S-transferase (GST) forms a multigene family of phase II detoxification enzymes which are involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species. This study examines whether daily supplementation of kale juice can modulate blood pressure (BP), levels of lipid profiles, and blood glucose, and whether this modulation could be affected by the GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms. SUBJECTS/METHODS 84 subclinical hypertensive patients showing systolic BP over 130 mmHg or diastolic BP over 85 mmHg received 300 ml/day of kale juice for 6 weeks, and blood samples were collected on 0-week and 6-week in order to evaluate plasma lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol) and blood glucose. RESULTS Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was significantly decreased in all patients regardless of their GSTM1 or GSTT1 polymorphisms after kale juice supplementation. Blood glucose level was decreased only in the GSTM1-present genotype, and plasma lipid profiles showed no difference in both the GSTM1-null and GSTM1-present genotypes. In the case of GSTT1, on the other hand, plasma HDL-C was increased and LDL-C was decreased only in the GSTT1-present type, while blood glucose was decreased only in the GSTT1-null genotype. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the supplementation of kale juice affected blood pressure, lipid profiles, and blood glucose in subclinical hypertensive patients depending on their GST genetic polymorphisms, and the improvement of lipid profiles was mainly greater in the GSTT1-present genotype and the decrease of blood glucose was greater in the GSTM1-present or GSTT1-null genotypes.
Experiments of Formation Control with Collisions Avoidance using the Null-Space-Based Behavioral Control

In this paper an approach to formation control with collisions avoidance of a multi-robot system is presented. The proposed technique, namely the null-space-based behavioral control, is a behavior based approach aimed at coordinating a platoon of mobile robots while performing different missions. The overall mission is firstly decomposed in elementary tasks and, for each of them; a motion reference command to each robot is elaborated referring to an inverse kinematic approach. The proposed technique is novel in the way it combines the output required by each task in order to obtain the final motion command for each robot; in details, it uses a hierarchy-based approach that uses the null-space projection to handle multiple, eventually conflicting, tasks. The proposed technique has been experimentally validated while performing a formation control mission with a platoon of 5 Khepera II mobile robots; during the mission a change of formation is commanded that requires the vehicles to avoid collisions among themselves and with external obstacles
The potentiation of grasp types during visual object categorization

The close integration between visual and motor processes suggests that some visuomotor transformations may proceed automatically and to an extent that permits observable effects on subsequent actions. A series of experiments investigated the effects of visual objects on motor responses during a categorisation task. In Experiment 1 participants responded according to an object's natural or manufactured category. The responses consisted in uni-manual precision or power grasps that could be compatible or incompatible with the viewed object. The data indicate that object grasp compatibility significantly affected participant response times and that this did not depend upon the object being viewed within the reaching space. The time course of this effect was investigated in Experiments 2–4b by using a go-nogo paradigm with responses cued by tones and go-nogo trials cued by object category. The compatibility effect was not present under advance response cueing and rapidly diminished following object extinction. A final experiment established that the compatibility effect did not depend on a within-hand response choice, but was at least as great with bi-manual responses where a full power grasp could be used. Distributional analyses suggest that the effect is not subject to rapid decay but increases linearly with RT whilst the object remains visible. The data are consistent with the view that components of the actions an object affords are integral to its representation.
Consumer Complaining Behavior: The Case of a South American Country, Chile

Complaining behaviour is a topic that has not been studied much in South America. Considering this, the aim of this investigation was to determine the customers complaining behaviour of a South American country, Chile. To do so, a survey was done, which was applied to a random sample of 498 Chileans. Results show that Chileans do not consider complaining as a right, they have a regular opinion of the way companies are handling complaints, and that the product characteristics is the dimension that has the biggest influence on their complaining behaviour. In addition those Chilean consumers who have complained in the past have a more positive attitude toward complaining than those who have never done it.
A Plea to University Researchers

According to its mission statement, the Journal of Trauma & Dissociation (JTD) is “dedicated to publishing peer-reviewed scientific literature on dissociation, the dissociative disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, psychological trauma and its sequelae, and on aspects of memory associated with psychological trauma and dissociation. ” The journal seeks to publish the best science and scholarship in the field. This includes a variety of types of articles, although without question the mainstay has been and is likely to continue to be empirical reports. In this editorial I discuss a crucial issue of science for our field: threats to the external validity of empirical studies due to self-selection in university human subject pools (HSPs). I make two pleas to university researchers (and JTD authors): (a) Be clear and thorough about the recruitment process so that self-selection bias can be evaluated, and (b) try to find ways to help your institution reduce self-selection bias so that the research conducted will be of more value and so that the participants will learn good science. In the last section of this editorial I change topic and provide my annual report on the state of JTD.
Nuclear (in)security in the everyday: Peace campers as everyday security practitioners

This article extends the emergent focus on ‘the everyday’ in critical security studies to the topic of nuclear (in)security, through an empirical study of anti-nuclear peace activists understood as ‘everyday security practitioners’. In the first part of the article, I elaborate on the notion of everyday security practitioners, drawing particularly on feminist scholarship, while in the second I apply this framework to a case study of Faslane Peace Camp in Scotland. I show that campers emphasize the everyday insecurities of people living close to the state’s nuclear weapons, the blurred boundaries between ‘us’ and ‘them’, and the inevitability of insecurity in daily life. Moreover, campers’ security practices confront the everyday reproduction of nuclear weapons and prefigure alternative modes of everyday life. In so doing, I argue, they offer a distinctive challenge to dominant deterrence discourse, one that is not only politically significant, but also expands understanding of the everyday in critical security studies.
Analysis of Autonomous Opportunistic Spectrum Access Strategies for Cognitive Radios : Benefits of Adaptive Strategies

We investigate autonomous opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) strategies for a distributed CR network, wheretwo or more distributed CRs sense the channels sequentially in s ome sensing order until they find a free channel to transmit on, if one exists. First, we evaluate the performance of a traditio nal OSA strategy in terms of probability of success (probabilit y that a given cognitive radio finds a channel free), mean time of success (if successful, mean time to find a channel) and throughput achievable by a CR. We find that the performance of the traditional OSA strategy is limited by the collisions among the distributed uncoordinated CRs. Then to reduce the likel ihood of collisions among the distributed CRs we propose adaptive OSA strategies. We show that when the number of CRs is less than or equal to the number of potential channels the propose d adaptive OSA strategies enable the CRs to arrive at collisio n-free channel sensing orders. We also show that a γ-persistent strategy, in which a CR maintains information regarding past successe s (and failures) of accessing the channel, converges quickly to collision-free sensing orders. We compare such a strategy a g inst a randomize after every collision strategy, in which a new ch annel sensing order is randomly selected whenever a CR experience s a collision. Moreover, the implementation ofγ-persistent strategy is not complex since it requires only two binary flags for maintaining state information at an individual CR.
Stabilization and performance over a Gaussian communication channel for a plant with time delay

Two problems that have received much attention are those of finding the minimum channel signal to noise ratio compatible with closed loop stability, and of finding the optimal performance, in terms of disturbance attenuation, for a channel with specified signal to noise ratio. In this paper, we study these problems for the case in which the plant has relative degree greater than one, and thus introduces a delay greater than one time step. We show that, unlike the relative degree one case, for the problem of stabilization linear time varying control and communication strategies may have advantages over linear time invariant strategies. We derive a lower bound on optimal disturbance response at a fixed terminal time. If the encoder has access to the state of the plant, then this bound is achievable using linear time varying communication and control.
Kaitan antara Gaya Belajar, Kemandirian Belajar, dan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa SMP dalam Pelajaran Matematika

ABSTRAKPada umumnya kemandirian belajar dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa SMP masih rendah. Guru sebagai pelaksana kegiatan belajar mengajar, menjadi faktor utama yang menjadi penyebab masalah tersebut terjadi. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan guru adalah menciptakan suasana belajar yang cocok dengan jenis gaya belajar siswa (auditorial, visual, ataupun kinestetik), sehingga diharapkan tujuan pembelajaran dapat dicapai secara efektif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 2 Tarogong Kidul kelas IX pada tahun ajaran 2015-2016 semester ganjil. Metode penelitian yang digunakan berupa penelitian eksplanatif komparatif-asosatif. Dari hasil penelitian terungkap bahwa: 1) Tidak terdapat perbedaan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematik, antar siswa ditinjau dari jenis gaya belajarnya. 2) Tidak terdapat perbedaan tingkat kemandirian belajar matematika antar siswa ditinjau dari gaya belajarnya. 3) Kemandirian belajar siswa mempengaruhi tingkat kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa setiap siswa, baik yang mempunyai gaya belajar auditorial, visual, ataupun kinestetik mempunyai tingkat kemandirian belajar dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematik yang sama. Selain itu, diketahui pula bahwa semakin tinggi tingkat kemandirian belajar siswa, maka semakin tinggi pula kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa.ABSTRACTIn general, independent learning and problem solving ability mathematics junior high school students is still low. Teachers practice teaching and learning activities, the main factor that causes the problem from happening. One of the efforts that teachers can do is to create a learning environment that matches the kind of student learning styles (auditory, visual, or kinesthetic), so hopefully learning objectives can be achieved effectively. This research was conducted in Tarogong South Junior High School 2 class IX in odd semester of school year 2015-2016. The method used in the form of comparative research explanation-associative. From the results of the study revealed that: 1) There is no difference in mathematical problem solving skills, among students in terms of the type of learning style. 2) There is no difference in the level of independence of learning mathematics among students in terms of learning styles. 3) Independence of student learning affects the level of students' mathematical problem solving ability. From the results of these studies indicate that each student, both of which have auditory learning style, visual, or kinesthetic have this level of independent learning and problem solving skills the same mathematical. In addition, it is also known that the higher the level of independence of student learning, the higher the students' mathematical problem solving ability.
A modified fuzzy c-means algorithm with adaptive spatial information for color image segmentation

Though FCM has long been widely used in image segmentation, it yet faces several challenges. Traditional FCM needs a laborious process to decide cluster center number by repetitive tests. Moreover, random initialization of cluster centers can let the algorithm easily fall onto local minimum, causing the segmentation results to be suboptimal. Traditional FCM is also sensitive to noise due to the reason that the pixel partitioning process goes completely in the feature space, ignoring some necessary spatial information. In this paper we introduce a modified FCM algorithm for color image segmentation. The proposed algorithm adopts an adaptive and robust initialization method which automatically decides initial cluster center values and center number according to the input image. In addition, by deciding the window size of pixel neighbor and the weights of neighbor memberships according to local color variance, the proposed approach adaptively incorporates spatial information to the clustering process and increases the algorithm robustness to noise pixels and drastic color variance. Experimental results have shown the superiority of modified FCM over traditional FCM algorithm.
Examining growth patterns in Hawaiʻi's public school children's reading skill development, kindergarten through grade 3 : a multilevel approach

A convergence of evidence supports the notion that a growing number of students enter kindergarten significantly behind their more advantaged peers, and this disparity widens over time. Research demonstrates that the trajectory of reading growth is established early, and performance disparities between strong and weak readers are difficult to close. This early growth pattern is indicative of their future academic success and has important lifelong implications. Thus, early identification of children who are at-risk for reading difficulties is critical to student success. Statewide assessments lack the analytic power to measure growth and map developmental patterns on foundational reading skills. Thus, reliable measures and methods are essential to identify children’s early literacy skill development across primary grades. This study examined Hawaiʻi students’ developmental trajectories over four years on two Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Skills (DIBELS) measures, Nonsense Word Fluency (NWF) and Oral Reading Fluency (ORF), designed to monitor acquisition of fundamental reading skills. It examined individualand school-level factors that may influence students’ acquisition of reading fluency, including the extent to which student demographic backgrounds contribute to interindividual and intra-individual differences in initial status and whether differences increase or decrease in subsequent grades. The findings indicated that kindergartners demonstrated a wide disparity in initial reading skills, and these gaps persisted over time. Differences due to demographic backgrounds explained variability in students’ acquisition of early reading skills more than differences in their school settings. The findings also showed that initial performance predicted rate of growth and that resultant growth patterns, whether cumulative or compensatory, generally differed in terms
Using Behavioral Economics to Advance Deterrence Research and Improve Crime Policy: Some Illustrative Experiments

Recent experiments show that offender decision making is characterized by the use of cognitive heuristics. Questions remain about what this means for deterrence research and policy. I argue that the primary task is to identify ways to leverage decision-making biases to reduce crime. I outline three avenues for future research on deterrence, and discuss their relevance for crime policy. To illustrate these lines of inquiry and stimulate additional studies, I provide initial experimental results for each topic. I report evidence that (a) pseudocertainty publicity can increase perceived arrest risk and deterrent fear, (b) the availability heuristic can help explain how target characteristics affect situational perceptions of crime benefits and costs, and (c) individuals experience declining sensitivity to increases in sanction severity.