Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Insulin on the Resuscitation of Bupivacaine-Induced Severe Cardiovascular Toxicity in Dogs

Resuscitation after bupivacaine-induced cardiovascular collapse is difficult and often resistant to conventional treatment.Wetestedthehypothesisthatinsulintreatment would effectively reverse bupivacaine-induced cardiovascular collapse in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Bupivacaine was administered at 0.5 mg kg−1 min−1 until mean arterial blood pressure decreased to 40 mm Hg or less.Intheinsulin-glucose-potassium(IGK)group(n = 7), an IV bolus of regular insulin (2 U/kg) was given, followed by a glucose infusion (2 mL/kg of 50% dextrose in water) for 30 min and a potassium infusion (1–2 mmol kg−1 h−1). In the control group (n = 7), glucose infusion was given as in the IGK group. In contrast to the control group, all IGK dogs survived. Mean arterial blood pressure, heartrate, cardiac output, mixed venous oxygen saturation, and end tidal CO2 recovered toward baseline levels in the IGK group. In conclusion, severe bupivacaine-induced cardio vascular collapse in dogs was effectively reversed with the insulin treatment.
Coupling Rate-Independent and Rate-Dependent Processes: Existence Results

We address the analysis of an abstract system coupling a rate-independent process with a rate-dependent nonlinear evolution equation. We propose suitable weak solution concepts and obtain existence results by passing to the limit in carefully devised time-discretization schemes. Our arguments combine techniques from the theory of gradient systems with the toolbox for rate-independent evolution, thus reflecting the mixed character of the problem. Finally, we discuss applications to a class of rate-independent processes in viscoelastic solids with inertia, and to a recently proposed model for damage with plasticity.
Differential Roles of Postsynaptic Density-93 Isoforms in Regulating Synaptic Transmission

In the postsynaptic density of glutamatergic synapses, the discs large (DLG)-membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family of scaffolding proteins coordinates a multiplicity of signaling pathways to maintain and regulate synaptic transmission. Postsynaptic density-93 (PSD-93) is the most variable paralog in this family; it exists in six different N-terminal isoforms. Probably because of the structural and functional variability of these isoforms, the synaptic role of PSD-93 remains controversial. To accurately characterize the synaptic role of PSD-93, we quantified the expression of all six isoforms in the mouse hippocampus and examined them individually in hippocampal synapses. Using molecular manipulations, including overexpression, gene knockdown, PSD-93 knock-out mice combined with biochemical assays, and slice electrophysiology both in rat and mice, we demonstrate that PSD-93 is required at different developmental synaptic states to maintain the strength of excitatory synaptic transmission. This strength is differentially regulated by the six isoforms of PSD-93, including regulations of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptor-active and inactive synapses, and activity-dependent modulations. Collectively, these results demonstrate that alternative combinations of N-terminal PSD-93 isoforms and DLG-MAGUK paralogs can fine-tune signaling scaffolds to adjust synaptic needs to regulate synaptic transmission.
Will the financial crisis get under the skin and affect our health? Learning from the past to predict the future.

What will be the impact of the 2008–09 global financial crisis and consequent recession on the health of New Zealanders? In this viewpoint article we attempt to predict this health impact by reflecting on the lessons from the economic and social changes of the 1980s and 1990s in New Zealand, and using an epidemiological framework to discuss: what exposures or determinants of health (e.g. unemployment) are changing as a result of the financial crisis, and which social groups exposures are having the largest changes? ; what health outcomes are these exposures likely to affect? ; and what contextual factors (e.g. background disease rates) might influence these effects?
Differential Interplay Between Protein Kinase C and Rho-kinase in the Endothelin-1-induced and Pressure-induced Contractions of Rat Posterior Cerebral Artery

To clarify the involvement of protein kinase C and Rhokinase in the contractile activation of cerebral artery in response to endothelin-1 and pressurization, rat posterior cerebral artery (outer diameter, 100-200 μm) was mounted in arteriograph, and the changes in cytosolic Ca2+ and vessel diameter were measured by video-microscopy in connection with an Argus 50 system. Endothelin-1 (10 nM) induced a tonic contraction with a slight increase in cytosolic Ca2+, which was mostly dependent on protein kinase C (chelerythrine sensitive). Intraluminal pressurization (60 mmHg) also produced contraction with a low cytosolic Ca2+, which was myogenic in nature and dependent on both protein kinase C and Rho-kinase (Y-27632 sensitive). The results suggest differential interplay between protein kinase C and Rho-kinase in the endothelin-1-induced and pressure-induced tonic phase of contractions in the rat posterior cerebral artery.
Emotion regulation during social remembering: Differences between emotions elicited during an event and emotions elicited when talking about it

This paper examines emotion regulation as a function of autobiographical remembering in social contexts. Two studies (n = 38 and 123, respectively) are presented that provide evidence that autobiographical remembering in social settings can result in changes in the emotions associated with an experience. However, the results also suggest that whether changes occur depends on features of the recall context, including the gender of participants, and the responses of their listeners. Across both studies, men showed greater emotional benefits from talking about events than women. Moreover, greater listener agreement was associated with greater benefits for emotion. The results are discussed in terms of functions of autobiographical remembering, gender, social support, and emotion regulation.
Radiation Dry Bias of the Vaisala RS92 Humidity Sensor

The comparison of simultaneous humidity measurements by the Vaisala RS92 radiosonde and by the Cryogenic Frostpoint Hygrometer (CFH) launched at Alajuela, Costa Rica, during July 2005 reveals a large solar radiation dry bias of the Vaisala RS92 humidity sensor and a minor temperature-dependent calibration error. For soundings launched at solar zenith angles between 10° and 30°, the average dry bias is on the order of 9% at the surface and increases to 50% at 15 km. A simple pressure- and temperature-dependent correction based on the comparison with the CFH can reduce this error to less than 7% at all altitudes up to 15.2 km, which is 700 m below the tropical tropopause. The correction does not depend on relative humidity, but is able to reproduce the relative humidity distribution observed by the CFH.
Convolutional Neural Network for Humor Recognition

For the purpose of automatically evaluating speakers' humor usage, we build a presentation corpus containing humorous utterances based on TED talks. Compared to previous data resources supporting humor recognition research, ours has several advantages, including (a) both positive and negative instances coming from a homogeneous data set, (b) containing a large number of speakers, and (c) being open. Focusing on using lexical cues for humor recognition, we systematically compare a newly emerging text classification method based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with a well-established conventional method using linguistic knowledge. The CNN method shows its advantages on both higher recognition accuracies and being able to learn essential features automatically.
Detection of Weak Lensing by a Cluster of Galaxies at z = 0.83

We report the detection of weak gravitational lensing of faint, distant background galaxies by the rich, X-ray luminous cluster of galaxies MS 1054-03 at z = 0.83. This is the first measurement of weak lensing by a bona fide cluster at such a high redshift. We detect tangential shear at the 5%-10% level over a range of radii 50'' ≲ r ≲ 250'' centered on the optical position of the cluster. Two-dimensional mass reconstruction using galaxies with 21.5 < I < 25.5 shows a strong peak which coincides with the peak of the smoothed cluster light distribution. Splitting this sample by magnitude (at I = 23.5) and color (at R - I = 0.7), we find that the brighter and redder subsamples are only very weakly distorted, indicating that the faint blue galaxies (FBGs), which dominate the shear signal, are relatively more distant. The derived cluster mass is quite sensitive to the N(z) for the FBGs. At one extreme, if all the FBGs are at zs = 3, then the mass within a 0.5 h-1 Mpc aperture is (5.9 ± 1.24) × 1014 h-1 M☉, and the mass-to-light ratio is M/LV = 350 ± 70 h in solar units. For zs = 1.5 the derived mass is ~70% higher and M/L ≃ 580 h. If N(z) follows the no evolution model (in shape) then M/L ≃ 800 h, and if all the FBGs lie at zs ≲ 1 the required M/L exceeds 1600 h. These data provide clear evidence that large, dense mass concentrations existed at early epochs; that they can be weighed efficiently by weak lensing observations; and that, for a plausible cluster mass, most of the FBGs must lie at high redshift (z > 1).
Reuse Distance Based Circuit Replacement in Silicon Photonic Interconnection Networks for HPC

Optical interconnects, which support the transport of large bandwidths over warehouse-scale distance, can help to further scale data-movement capabilities in high performance computing (HPC) platforms. However, due to the circuit switching nature of optical systems and additional peculiarities, such as sensitivity to temperature and the need for wavelength channel locking, optical links generally show longer link initialization delays. These delays are a major obstacle in exploiting the high bandwidth of optics for application speedups, especially when low-latency remote direct memory access (RDMA) is required or small messages are used. These limitations can be overcome by maintaining a set of frequently used optical circuits based on the temporal locality of the application and by maximizing the number of reuses to amortize initialization overheads. However, since circuits cannot be simultaneously maintained between all source-destination pairs, the set of selected circuits must be carefully managed. This paper applies techniques inspired by cache optimizations to intelligently manage circuit resources with the goal of maximizing the circuit successful 'hit' rate. We propose the concept of "circuit reuse distance" and design circuit replacement policies based on this metric. We profile the reuse distance based on a group of representative HPC applications with different communications patterns and show the potential to amortize circuit setup delay over multiple circuit requests. We then develop a Markov transition matrix based reuse distance predictor and two circuit replacement policies. The proposed predictor provides significantly higher accuracy than traditional maximum likelihood prediction and the two replacement policies are shown to effectively increase the hit rate compared to the Least Recently Used policy. We further investigate the tradeoffs between the realized hit rate and energy consumption. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed concept is experimentally demonstrated using silicon photonic devices in an FPGA-controlled network test bed.
Sparse representation in Szegő kernels through reproducing kernel Hilbert space theory with applications

This paper discusses generalization bounds for complex data learning which serve as a theoretical foundation for complex support vector machine (SVM). Drawn on the generalization bounds, a complex SVM approach based on the Szegő kernel of the Hardy space H2(𝔻) is formulated. It is applied to the frequency-domain identification problem of discrete linear time-invariant system (LTIS). Experiments show that the proposed algorithm is effective in applications.
Control of malaria: a successful experience from Viet Nam.

OBJECTIVE To follow malaria prospectively in an ethnic minority commune in the south of Viet Nam with high malaria transmission and seasonal fluctuation, during malaria control interventions using insecticide-treated bednets (ITBNs) and early diagnosis and treatment (EDT) of symptomatic patients. METHODS From 1994 onwards the following interventions were used: distribution of ITBNs to all households with biannual reimpregnation; construction of a health post and appointment of staff trained in microscopic diagnosis and treatment of malaria; regular supply of materials and drugs; annual cross-sectional malaria surveys with treatment of all parasitaemic subjects, and a programme of community involvement and health education. Surveys were held yearly at the end of the rainy season. During the surveys, demographic data were updated. Diagnosis and treatment of malaria were free of charge. Plasmodium falciparum infection was treated with artesunate and P. vivax infection with chloroquine plus primaquine. FINDINGS The baseline survey in 1994 recorded 716 inhabitants. Of the children under 2 years of age, 37% were parasitaemic; 56% of children aged 2-10 years, and 35% of the remaining population were parasitaemic. P. falciparum accounted for 73-79% of these infections. The respective splenomegaly rates for the above-mentioned age groups were 20%, 56%, and 32%. In 1999, the proportion of parasitaemic subjects was 4%, 7% and 1%, respectively, of which P.falciparum contributed 56%. The splenomegaly rate was 0%, 5% and 2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A combination of ITBNs and EDT, provided free of charge, complemented by annual diagnosis and treatment during malaria surveys and community involvement with health education successfully brought malaria under control. This approach could be applied to other regions in the south of Viet Nam and provides a sound basis for further studies in other areas with different epidemiological patterns of malaria.
Reduced MIR130A is involved in primary immune thrombocytopenia via targeting TGFB1 and IL18

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in the regulation of immunological functions and prevention of autoimmune disease. The abnormal expressions of several miRNAs in patients with the acquired autoimmune disease, immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), have been reported. However, the exact mechanism of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of ITP is currently not well understood. This study examined the miRNA expression profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in ITP patients by miRNA array and TaqMan real‐time polymerase chain reaction. MIR130A expression was found to be significantly decreased in PBMCs from patients with active chronic ITP compared with that of normal controls. Subsequently, dual‐luciferase reporter gene analysis was used to validate that MIR130A targeted the transforming growth factor‐beta1 (TGFB1) and interleukin 18 (IL18) genes. In addition, we also monitored the dynamic expression of MIR130A and its targeted genes pre‐ and post‐treatment of ITP patients and determined that the expression of MIR130A and TGFB1 was up‐regulated, whereas IL18 expression was down‐regulated after effective treatment. In conclusion, this study suggests that reduced MIR130A is involved in ITP via targeting of TGFB1 and IL18 expression.
Sediment contaminants in Casco Bay, Maine: inventories, sources, and potential for biological impact.

An inventory-based approach to environmental assessment that determines concentrations of sedimentary contaminants, defines their origins, and assesses the potential for biological impact is illustrated in Casco Bay, ME. The most widespread contaminants in Casco Bay are petroleum and petroleum byproducts. The highest concentrations of contaminants are associated with population centers, effluent outfalls, and spills. The majority of PAH in sediments are the product of high-temperature combustion processes. PAH concentrations at sites in close proximity to Portland exceed values believed to produce toxic responses in marine benthic organisms. In contrast, PCB, DDTs, and chlordane concentrations in the sediments are below concentrations thought to produce toxic effects in marine organisms. Metal concentrations in sediments are also below those that elicit biological responses. The geographic distribution of contaminants is initially controlled by the proximity to sources, and the regional differences in concentrations are the result of sediment accumulation patterns. Detrital (terrestrial), autochthonous marine, pyrogenic, and petroleum sources for PAH, alkanes, and trace metals are defined. 21 refs., 10 figs., 6 tabs.
Reliability and Lifetime Prediction for IGBT Modules in Railway Traction Chains

Electric railway traction chains (ERTCs) emerged at the end of the nineteenth century. Over the years, they have been consolidated as a better solution than their counterparts, i.e., the traction systems with generating power on board (e.g., diesel or steam-based systems). In terms of performances, ERTCs show the highest power-to-weight ratio, fastest acceleration and highest traction effort on steep gradients of the railway traction scenario. They also offer other advantages; such as: less noise, lower maintenance requirements of the traction units, and a higher rational use of energy respecting and preserving the environment (e.g., energy harvesting systems as regenerative brakes or no greenhouse gasses’ emissions). However, their drawback is the electrification line cost, which always entails an economical viability study according to a trade-off between line distance and volume traffic. When this investment is not economically profitable, the optimum solution is a hybrid approach combining generating power on board (based on fossil fuels) and electric engines.
Genetic Susceptibility Loci for Subtypes of Breast Cancer in an African American Population

Background: Most genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been carried out in European ancestry populations; no risk variants for breast cancer have been identified solely from African ancestry GWAS data. Few GWAS hits have replicated in African ancestry populations. Methods: In a nested case–control study of breast cancer in the Black Women's Health Study (1,199 cases/1,948 controls), we evaluated index single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 21 loci from GWAS of European or Asian ancestry populations, overall, in subtypes defined by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status (ER+/PR+, n = 336; ER−/PR−, n = 229), and in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC, N = 81). To evaluate the contribution of genetic factors to population differences in breast cancer subtype, we also examined global percent African ancestry. Results: Index SNPs in five loci were replicated, including three associated with ER−/PR− breast cancer (TERT rs10069690 in 5p15.33, rs704010 in 10q22.3, and rs8170 in 19p13.11): per allele ORs were 1.29 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.59], P = 0.02, 1.52 (95% CI 1.12–2.08), P = 0.01, and 1.30 (95% CI 1.01–1.68), P = 0.04, respectively. Stronger associations were observed for TNBC. Furthermore, cases in the highest quintile of percent African ancestry were three times more likely to have TNBC than ER+/PR+ cancer. Conclusions: These findings provide the first confirmation of the TNBC SNP rs8170 in an African ancestry population, and independent confirmation of the TERT ER− SNP. Furthermore, the risk of developing ER− breast cancer, particularly TNBC, increased with increasing proportion of global African ancestry. Impact: The findings illustrate the importance of genetic factors in the disproportionately high occurrence of TNBC in African American women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(1); 127–34. ©2012 AACR.
Improved cognitive functions after treatment with an oral appliance in obstructive sleep apnea

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral appliance (OA) treatment on cognitive functions in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Materials and methods In a prospective study, 50 male patients with verified moderate-to-severe OSA received an OA with mandibular advancement. The cognitive functions assessed included working memory, vigilance, executive functioning, and mental pace, measured before as well as after 6 months of treatment. Somnography was used to measure physiological treatment effects. Forty-three patients completed the 6-month follow-up study. Results All domains of cognitive functioning measured improved after 6 months of treatment with an OA (P <; 0.001). The apnea/hypopnea- and oxygen desaturation-indices decreased significantly after treatment (P <; 0.01). An obvious treatment response was reached in 60% of the patients, and 54% of the patients had recovered ie, had normalized breathing during sleep. Conclusion OA with mandibular advancement is a treatment modality for the physiological symptoms of OSA, and may have a positive impact on cognitive functions, after only 6 months of treatment.
Effects of air pollution on changes in lung function induced by exercise in children with chronic respiratory symptoms

Objective: To investigate how daily variations in ambient air pollution, especially in particles, during the cold of winter affect repeated measurements of baseline lung function and exercise induced bronchial responsiveness among primary school children with chronic respiratory symptoms. Methods: During alternate school weeks (mamimum five) from February to April 1994, 33 children took part in exercise challenge tests (n=141 tests). The exercise challenges were conducted outdoors in a school yard in the centre of Kuopio, Finland. Spirometric lung functions were measured indoors before the exercise, and 3 and 10 minutes after. Daily mean concentrations of PM10, black smoke (BS), NO2, CO, SO2, and particle size and numbers were monitored at a nearby fixed monitoring site. Results: Daily variations in ambient air pollution were not associated with enhanced bronchial responsiveness. However, increased concentrations of BS, PM10, particle numbers, NO2, and CO were consistently associated with an impairment of baseline lung functions. The reductions in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) were 0.5% and 0.6%, respectively, for each 10 μg/m3 increase in BS (lag 2). Conclusion: Particles derived from combustion affect baseline lung function rather than bronchial responsiveness among children with chronic respiratory symptoms.