Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of the Use of Bloom's Taxonomy in Computer Science Education

Bloom's taxonomy is a model that allows characterizing students' learning achievements. It is frequently used in computer science education (CSE), but its use is not straightforward. We present a systematic review conducted to know actual use of the taxonomy in CSE. We found that it was mostly used in programming education and to assess students' performance. A more relevant contribution is a classification of authors' difficulties. In particular, the most often reported difficulty is determining the level of the taxonomy where an assessment task can be classified. In addition, we present authors' hypotheses about possible causes of the difficulties and the solutions they adopted.
Outage Performance Analysis for Wireless Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Systems

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a promising air-interface technology for its ability to support massive wireless mobile terminals. In this paper, the outage performance for uplink NOMA systems employing the dynamic ordered successive interference cancellation receiver is analyzed under the independent but not identically distributed (i.ni.d.) fading environment. We theoretically reveal the general approach to derive the closed-form outage probability expression for an arbitrary number of serving users. Under the i.ni. d. fading environment, the probability for each possible decoding order is derived respectively based on the observation of the time-varying received power strength for each user. Furthermore, encountering the challenge of solving the multidimensional integration, a recursive method is proposed to deal with the conditional outage probabilities under a certain decoding order as a joint probability problem with the linear constraints of the decoding order and the required data rate. Finally, we derive the closed-form outage probability expressions. The simulations are performed to validate the accuracy of the theoretical results and reveal the superiority of the dynamic mode over the fixed one.
Core Loss Analysis of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Generator Considering the 3-D Flux Path

This paper presents an analysis of the core loss observed in the stator of a permanent magnet linear synchronous generator. Core loss is usually calculated using the classical Steinmetz equation, but it leads to erroneous results. Consequently, several researchers have proposed modified versions of this equation, taking into account the hysteresis loss, eddy current loss, and excess loss. In this paper, we calculated all loss coefficients from the Epstein test data using a curve fitting method. Moreover, we separated the rotating and alternating fields based on the time harmonics observed with changes in the magnetic flux density. In addition, we considered the 2-D and 3-D plane flux paths that cause magnetic flux leakage. Finally, the core loss of the linear machine was calculated using a modified Steinmetz equation that considers the flux path.
Socio-economic disadvantage from childhood to adulthood and locomotor function in old age: a lifecourse analysis of the Boyd Orr and Caerphilly prospective studies

Background Socio-economic influences over a lifetime impact on health and may contribute to poor physical functioning in old age. Methods The authors examined the impact of both childhood and adulthood socio-economic factors on locomotor function at 63–86 years (measured with the get up and go timed walk and flamingo balance test) in the UK-based Boyd Orr (n=405) and Caerphilly (n=1196) prospective cohorts. Results There was a marked reduction in walking speed and balance time with increasing age. Each year of age was associated with a 1.7% slower walk time and a 14% increased odds of poor balance. Participants who moved from a low socio-economic position in childhood to a high socio-economic position in adulthood had 3% slower walking times (95% CI −2% to 8%) than people with a high socio-economic position in both periods. Participants who moved from a high socio-economic position in childhood to a low adulthood socio-economic position had 5% slower walking times (95% CI −2% to 12%). Participants with a low socio-economic position in both periods had 10% slower walking times (95% CI 5% to 16%; p for trend <0.001). In Boyd Orr, low socio-economic position in childhood was associated with poor balance in old age (OR per worsening category=1.26; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.57; p=0.043), as was socio-economic position in adulthood (OR=1.71; 95% CI 1.20 to 2.45; p=0.003). Similar associations were not observed in Caerphilly. Conclusion Accumulating socio-economic disadvantage from childhood to adulthood is associated with slower walking time in old age, with mixed results for balance ability.
Systematic review of strategies to increase access to health services among children over five in low‐ and middle‐income countries

The populations of many low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC) are young. Despite progress made towards achieving Universal Health Coverage and remarkable health gains, evidence suggests that many children in LMIC are still not accessing needed healthcare services. Delayed or lack of access to health services can lead to a worsening of health and can in turn negatively impact a child's ability to attend school, and future employment opportunities.
Restaurant Location and Price Fairness as Key Determinants of Brand Equity: A Study on Fast Food Restaurant Industry

The main purpose of this study was to examine the direct effects of restaurant location and price fairness on brand equity in Malaysian market. The data were collected from several customers of international fast food restaurants in East Coast Malaysia. Convenience sampling methodology was utilized to obtain the responses from 384 customers during different times of data collection period. The collected data were coded into SPSS and analysed using structural equation modelling through AMOS 18. The findings indicated that restaurant location has significant positive effect on brand equity and its dimensions namely, brand image, brand loyalty, brand preference, and brand leadership. Moreover, it was found that price fairness has significant positive effect on overall brand equity and its dimensions. These results suggest that a restaurant location that is visible and accessible to customers seems to be an important factor in determining business success. Moreover, consumers tend to evaluate a restaurant brand based on price fairness that is matched with the quality of the offering. Therefore, this study urges policy makers in fast food restaurant industry to consider restaurant location and price fairness when designing their branding strategies.
Smac mimetic induces cell death in a large proportion of primary acute myeloid leukemia samples, which correlates with defined molecular markers

Apoptosis is deregulated in most, if not all, cancers, including hematological malignancies. Smac mimetics that antagonize Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) proteins have so far largely been investigated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines; however, little is yet known on the therapeutic potential of Smac mimetics in primary AML samples. In this study, we therefore investigated the antileukemic activity of the Smac mimetic BV6 in diagnostic samples of 67 adult AML patients and correlated the response to clinical, cytogenetic and molecular markers and gene expression profiles. Treatment with cytarabine (ara-C) was used as a standard chemotherapeutic agent. Interestingly, about half (51%) of primary AML samples are sensitive to BV6 and 21% intermediate responsive, while 28% are resistant. Notably, 69% of ara-C-resistant samples show a good to fair response to BV6. Furthermore, combination treatment with ara-C and BV6 exerts additive effects in most samples. Whole-genome gene expression profiling identifies cell death, TNFR1 and NF-κB signaling among the top pathways that are activated by BV6 in BV6-sensitive, but not in BV6-resistant cases. Furthermore, sensitivity of primary AML blasts to BV6 correlates with significantly elevated expression levels of TNF and lower levels of XIAP in diagnostic samples, as well as with NPM1 mutation. In a large set of primary AML samples, these data provide novel insights into factors regulating Smac mimetic response in AML and have important implications for the development of Smac mimetic-based therapies and related diagnostics in AML.
RGMb protects against acute kidney injury by inhibiting tubular cell necroptosis via an MLKL-dependent mechanism

Significance Necroptosis is critically involved in the development of acute kidney injury (AKI), but it has not been well demonstrated that necroptosis occurs in renal tubular epithelial cells in vivo during AKI. Now, we provide evidence that renal proximal tubular cells undergo necroptosis during ischemia/reperfusion injury or oxalate nephropathy. Repulsive guidance molecule-b protects against AKI by inhibiting mixed lineage kinase domain-like membrane association and necroptosis in proximal tubular cells. Tubular cell necrosis is a key histological feature of acute kidney injury (AKI). Necroptosis is a type of programed necrosis, which is executed by mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) upon its binding to the plasma membrane. Emerging evidence indicates that necroptosis plays a critical role in the development of AKI. However, it is unclear whether renal tubular cells undergo necroptosis in vivo and how the necroptotic pathway is regulated during AKI. Repulsive guidance molecule (RGM)-b is a member of the RGM family. Our previous study demonstrated that RGMb is highly expressed in kidney tubular epithelial cells, but its biological role in the kidney has not been well characterized. In the present study, we found that RGMb reduced membrane-associated MLKL levels and inhibited necroptosis in cultured cells. During ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) or oxalate nephropathy, MLKL was induced to express on the apical membrane of proximal tubular (PT) cells. Specific knockout of Rgmb in tubular cells (Rgmb cKO) increased MLKL expression at the apical membrane of PT cells and induced more tubular cell death and more severe renal dysfunction compared with wild-type mice. Treatment with the necroptosis inhibitor Necrostatin-1 or GSK′963 reduced MLKL expression on the apical membrane of PT cells and ameliorated renal function impairment after IRI in both wild-type and Rgmb cKO mice. Taken together, our results suggest that proximal tubular cell necroptosis plays an important role in AKI, and that RGMb protects against AKI by inhibiting MLKL membrane association and necroptosis in proximal tubular cells.
CA-NEAT: Evolved Compositional Pattern Producing Networks for Cellular Automata Morphogenesis and Replication

Cellular Automata (CA) are a remarkable example of morphogenetic system, where cells grow and self-organize through local interactions. CA have been used as abstractions of biological development and artificial life. Such systems have been able to show properties that are often desirable but difficult to achieve in engineered systems, e.g., morphogenesis and replication of regular patterns without any form of centralized coordination. However, cellular systems are hard to program (i.e., evolve) and control, especially when the number of cell states and neighborhood increase. In this paper, we propose a new principle of morphogenesis based on compositional pattern producing networks (CPPNs), an abstraction of development that has been able to produce complex structural motifs without local interactions. CPPNs are used as CA genotypes and evolved with a neuroevolution of augmenting topologies (NEATs) algorithm. This allows complexification of genomes throughout evolution with phenotypes emerging from self-organization through development based on local interactions. In this paper, the problems of 2-D pattern morphogenesis and replication are investigated. Results show that CA-NEAT is an appropriate means of approaching cellular systems engineering, especially for future applications where natural levels of complexity are targeted. We argue that CA-NEAT could provide a valuable mapping for morphogenetic systems, beyond CA systems, where development through local interactions is desired.
Fitness heart rate measurement using face videos

Recent studies showed that subtle changes in human's face color due to the heartbeat can be captured by digital video recorders. Most existing work focused on still/rest cases or those with relatively small motions. In this work, we propose a heart-rate monitoring method for fitness exercise videos. We focus on designing a highly precise motion compensation scheme with the help of the optical flow, and use motion information as a cue to adaptively remove ambiguous frequency components for improving the heart rates estimates. Experimental results show that our proposed method can achieve highly precise estimation with an average error of 1.1 beats per minute (BPM) or 0.58% in relative error.
Relationship between accurate auscultation of a clinically useful third heart sound and level of experience.

BACKGROUND Poor performance by physicians-in-training and interobserver variability between physicians have diminished clinicians' confidence in the value of the third heart sound (S3). METHODS To determine whether auscultation of a clinically useful S3 improves with advancing levels of experience, we performed a prospective, blinded, observational study of 100 patients undergoing left-sided heart catheterization. Patients underwent blinded auscultation by 4 physicians (each from 1 of 4 different levels of experience), phonocardiography, measurement of blood B-type natriuretic peptide levels, echocardiography for measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction, and cardiac catheterization for measurement of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. RESULTS Whereas residents' and interns' auscultatory findings demonstrated no significant agreement with phonocardiographic findings, an S3 auscultated by cardiology fellows (kappa = 0.37; P<.001) and cardiology attendings (kappa = 0.29; P = .003) agreed with phonocardiographic findings. Although the sensitivities of the S3 were low (13%-52%) for identifying patients with abnormal measures of left ventricular function, the specificities were high (85%-95%), with the best test characteristics exhibited by phonocardiography and more experienced physicians. The S3 detected by attendings and fellows was superior in distinguishing an elevated B-type natriuretic peptide level, a depressed left ventricular ejection fraction, or an elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (P = .002-.02 for attendings and .02-.03 for fellows) compared with residents (P = .02-.47) or interns (P = .09-.64). CONCLUSIONS The S3 auscultated by more experienced physicians demonstrated fair agreement with phonocardiographic findings. Although correlations were superior for phonocardiography, the associations between the S3 and abnormal markers of left ventricular function improved with each level of auscultator experience.
Evolutionary multi-objective optimization for multi-view clustering

In some real-world applications, multiple measuring methods are often employed to extract multiple feature groups of data, yielding multi-view data. The main challenge of multiview clustering is to find a suitable way of simultaneously exploiting the complementary information of all views, considering the view conflicts arose by different measures. For perspective of optimization, previous multi-view clustering studies applied weighted sum method to represent degree of conflict and treated it as a weighted sum single-objective optimization problem. In this work, we formatted multi-view clustering as a multi-objective optimization problem, in which each view is regarded as a totally independent feature subset. The clustering objective function in each view is one of the multiple objectives. Five popular multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs), i.e., NSGA-II, SPEA2, MOEA/D, SMS-EMOA and NSGA-III, were used to solve the induced multi-objective problem. Six real-world multi-view datasets were used to evaluate the proposed method and the experimental results showed that SPEA2 significantly outperformed the other MOEAs according to three performance evaluation indices.
Strukturumwandlungen von Halogeniden des Typus AX2 unter höheren Drücken

An BaF2 und SrF2 konnte bei 200 °C oberhalb 50 kbar eine Hochdruckphase gefunden werden, die nach plötzlicher Druckentlastung bei Atmosphärendruck metastabil haltbar ist. Aus Röntgenpulveraufnahmen wird Isotypie zur Raumtemperaturform des PbF2 mit PbCl2‐Struktur erschlossen. ‐ Die zu PbCl2 isotype Hochdruckmodifikation von CaF2 wurde bei 100 kbar und 300 °C erhalten. Die Struktur einer Hochdruckphase des HgBr2 konnte noch nicht aufgeklärt werden.
Size-dependent variation in the functional role of the parrotfish Scarus rivulatus on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Biodiversity loss and fishing-induced changes in the size distributions of fishes can impact ecosystem function on coral reefs. These changes have led to an urgent need for studies on the particular roles of species to underpin effective coral reef management. The present study focuses on the feeding ecology of 6 size classes (from 2.5 to 30 cm total length) of Scarus rivulatus (family Labridae), one of the most abundant parrotfishes on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Individuals in all 6 size classes strongly selected the epilithic algal matrix for foraging and rejected other substratum types, including coral, macroalgae and sand. The 6 size classes also had similar feeding rates (bites min–1) and diel feeding patterns, with higher feeding activity during the afternoon. However, the size of grazing scars by S. rivualtus differed significantly among the 6 size classes, with small individuals scraping a greater substratum area per unit biomass and larger individuals taking a greater volume of material per unit biomass. Thus, biomass cannot be not be viewed as a proxy for ecosystem impact; different sized individuals of S. rivulatus, and probably other parrotfish species, have a markedly different impact on the reef substratum. Selective harvesting of large individuals will therefore change the functional role of this species. These results emphasize the importance of considering the size of individuals when evaluating the role of reef species in ecosystem process. These intraspecific functional differences will be critical when formulating reef management strategies and evaluating the impact of fishing activity on reef ecosystems.
Using Predictability for Lexical Segmentation

This study investigates a strategy based on predictability of consecutive sub-lexical units in learning to segment a continuous speech stream into lexical units using computational modeling and simulations. Lexical segmentation is one of the early challenges during language acquisition, and it has been studied extensively through psycholinguistic experiments as well as computational methods. However, despite strong empirical evidence, the explicit use of predictability of basic sub-lexical units in models of segmentation is underexplored. This paper presents an incremental computational model of lexical segmentation for exploring the usefulness of predictability for lexical segmentation. We show that the predictability cue is a strong cue for segmentation. Contrary to earlier reports in the literature, the strategy yields state-of-the-art segmentation performance with an incremental computational model that uses only this particular cue in a cognitively plausible setting. The paper also reports an in-depth analysis of the model, investigating the conditions affecting the usefulness of the strategy.
The use of emotional intelligence capabilities in clinical reasoning and decision‐making: A qualitative, exploratory study

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore clinical nurses' experiences of using emotional intelligence capabilities during clinical reasoning and decision-making. BACKGROUND There has been little research exploring whether, or how, nurses employ emotional intelligence (EI) in clinical reasoning and decision-making. DESIGN Qualitative phase of a larger mixed-methods study. METHODS Semistructured qualitative interviews with a purposive sample of registered nurses (n = 12) following EI training and coaching. Constructivist thematic analysis was employed to analyse the narrative transcripts. RESULTS Three themes emerged: the sensibility to engage EI capabilities in clinical contexts, motivation to actively engage with emotions in clinical decision-making and incorporating emotional and technical perspectives in decision-making. CONCLUSION Continuing to separate cognition and emotion in research, theorising and scholarship on clinical reasoning is counterproductive. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Understanding more about nurses' use of EI has the potential to improve the calibre of decisions, and the safety and quality of care delivered.
Likelihood ratios of clinical, laboratory and image data of pancreatic cancer: Bayesian approach.

PURPOSE The diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) is most frequently established in advanced stages. The aim of this study is to estimate the likelihood ratios (LRs) of diagnostic data with regards to PC that could be used to approach an earlier diagnosis. METHODS A case-control study of 300 patients - 150 histological diagnosed cases of PC and 150 age-matched controls hospitalized for study of jaundice, abdominal pain, weight loss and/or chronic pancreatitis - was conducted. Bayesian probabilities in the form of LRs were estimated for PC predictions. RESULTS Probability of PC was associated with jaundice [odds ratio (OR) 2.89; confidence interval (CI) 1.71-4.85], glycemic disturbance (OR 5.64; CI 2.36-13.46), tobacco index >20 (OR 2.11; CI 1.08-4.09) and tumour marker CA 19-9 (OR 9.33; CI 1.36-63.95). Computed tomography showed the highest test performance with regards to PC when comparing with other diagnostic tests. LRs for variables relevant to PC were estimated, among the most relevant: jaundice LR + 1.92, CA 19-9 LR + 5.36 and computed tomography LR + 4.15. The prediction model with an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography at a tertiary referral hospital determined a 67% probability of detecting PC. CONCLUSIONS Through a Bayesian approach we can combine clinical, laboratory and imaging data to approximate to an earlier diagnosis of PC.