Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Researching Mental Health Disorders in the Era of Social Media: Systematic Review

Background Mental illness is quickly becoming one of the most prevalent public health problems worldwide. Social network platforms, where users can express their emotions, feelings, and thoughts, are a valuable source of data for researching mental health, and techniques based on machine learning are increasingly used for this purpose. Objective The objective of this review was to explore the scope and limits of cutting-edge techniques that researchers are using for predictive analytics in mental health and to review associated issues, such as ethical concerns, in this area of research. Methods We performed a systematic literature review in March 2017, using keywords to search articles on data mining of social network data in the context of common mental health disorders, published between 2010 and March 8, 2017 in medical and computer science journals. Results The initial search returned a total of 5386 articles. Following a careful analysis of the titles, abstracts, and main texts, we selected 48 articles for review. We coded the articles according to key characteristics, techniques used for data collection, data preprocessing, feature extraction, feature selection, model construction, and model verification. The most common analytical method was text analysis, with several studies using different flavors of image analysis and social interaction graph analysis. Conclusions Despite an increasing number of studies investigating mental health issues using social network data, some common problems persist. Assembling large, high-quality datasets of social media users with mental disorder is problematic, not only due to biases associated with the collection methods, but also with regard to managing consent and selecting appropriate analytics techniques.
Evaluation of Commercial Probes for On-Line Electrical Conductivity Measurements during Goat Gland Milking Process

The measurement of the milk electrical conductivity (EC) during mechanical milking has been widely studied for mastitis detection on cows because its improving of welfare and animal health, although research about small ruminants is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of three commercial conductimeters to be used during mechanical milking of small ruminant halves, especially Murciano-Granadina goats. The objective of this research was to integrate the probes on the milking unit and to check the suitability of the probe selected. The results presented in this research have guided authors to discard the commercial probes and to establish the requirements of a new probe design that is briefly outlined in the conclusions of this contribution.
Hot Forging of Ultra High-Strength TRIP-Aided Steel

Ultra high-strength TRIP-aided steel consisting of bainitic ferrite matrix and interlath retained austenite films (TBF steel) possesses high toughness and fatigue strength, as well as high resistance against hydrogen embrittlement. In this study, to improve further these mechanical properties, the effects of hot forging and subsequent isothermal transformation holding process (FIT process) on microstructure, retained austenite characteristics, tensile properties and toughness of the TBF steel with chemical composition of 0.4%C, 1.5%Si, 1.5%Mn, 0.5%Cr, 0.2%Mo, 0.05%Nb and 0.5%Al (mass%) were investigated. The FIT process brought on an excellent combination of tensile strength of 1350-1550 MPa and Charpy impact absorbed value of 100-110 J/cm2 in the developed TBF steel, exceeding so much that of SCM440 steel. The excellent combination was mainly caused by (i) refined mixed structure of bainitic ferrite and retained austenite and (ii) the increased mechanical stability of retained austenite due to the FIT process.
Differentiation of the effects of lethal pH and water activity: food safety implications

C. SHADBOLT, T. ROSS AND T.A. MCMEEKIN. 2001. The influence of a second lethal stress (SLS) was investigated when populations of Escherichia coli M23 OR.H– were exposed to either a low water activity (aw) of 0·90 or a pH of 3·50 after 24 h at 25°C. Regardless of the initial stress, E. coli M23 OR.H– populations initially demonstrated biphasic inactivation kinetics consisting of a rapid first phase of death followed by a slower second phase. When cultures initially exposed to aw 0·90 experienced an SLS of pH 3·50, a second rapid inactivation period was observed before a subpopulation of more resistant cells emerged. This subpopulation was able to persist for approximately 50 h after imposition of the SLS. In contrast, E. coli M23 OR.H– cells first exposed to a pH of 3·50 were inactivated rapidly to levels below the limits of detection upon imposition of an SLS of aw 0·90. It is hypothesized that pH stress constitutes a large energy drain on the cell and subsequently sensitizes it to other environmental constraints requiring expenditure of metabolic energy.
Diffusion-Weighted MRI for Lymphoma Restaging—Response

We thankAdams and colleagues (1) for their continued interest in our research.We feel that discussionswithin the community are a main source of innovation and vital for scientific advancement. Unfortunately, the core of Adams and colleagues' criticism of our publication is, obviously, basedon an incorrect use ofmedical terminology. Adams and colleagues criticize our use of F-fluoro-2-deoxy-Dglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) as reference standard for treatment response assessment in lymphoma (2), because previously "the value of both interim and end-of-treatment FDG-PET/CT in predicting outcome was demonstrated to be unsatisfactory. " This statement suggests that Adams and colleagues are mixing up two oncological terms, and thus aremisinterpreting our study, by substituting (i) treatment response assessment with (ii) treatment outcome prediction. "Treatment response assessment" describes the assessment of changes in tumor burden at predefined time points after treatment initiation/completion, or after a predefined number of therapeutic interventions. This is the definition of treatment response on which the Lugano classification of the International Conference on Malignant Lymphoma (ICML; ref. [3]), and the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST), rely. FDG-PET/CT is the standard for response assessment in FDGavid lymphoma (3), and, hence, its use as reference standard is justifiable. "Treatment outcome prediction," on the other hand, refers to the ability of qualitative/quantitative measures to predict the future clinical course of a patient—here, overall, or progression-free, survival serves as endpoint. Nowhere in our article do we claim that diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) predicts treatment outcome/survival—this is an entirely different topic. We would also like to emphasize that our DWI criteria for lymphoma involvement are consistent with those recommended in the literature—for instance, see the recent publication by Toledano-Massiah and colleagues (4). Furthermore, a body of published evidence supports the observation that apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) can differentiate between normal and malignant lymph nodes; lymphomatous nodes even show particularly low ADCs (5). These publications also contain cases that illustrate the visually assessable differences between benign and lymphomatous nodes on DWI (4, 5). Nevertheless, the 12 false-positive nodal regions observed in our study (2) suggest an overlap of DWI features between benign/ reactive and lymphomatous lymph nodes. This tendency for disease overestimation by DWI is mentioned several times throughout our article—most prominently, in the conclusive paragraph. In view of the above, we feel that the conclusions drawn from our article remain perfectly valid, as published, with actually little room for misinterpretation: DWI-MRI may be an alternative to FDG-PET/CT for treatment response assessment in lymphoma; nevertheless, size criteria or reference tissues may need to be incorporated to reduce falsepositive DWI results.
Human Cancer Biology ETS 2 Mediated Tumor Suppressive Function and MET Oncogene Inhibition in Human Non – Small Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose: The ETS2 transcription factor is an evolutionarily conserved gene that is deregulated in cancer. We analyzed the transcriptomeof lung adenocarcinomas andnormal lung tissue by expressionprofiling and found that ETS2 was significantly downregulated in adenocarcinomas. In this study, we probed the yet unknown functional role of ETS2 in lung cancer pathogenesis. Experimental Design: Lung adenocarcinomas (n1⁄4 80) and normal lung tissues (n1⁄4 30) were profiled using the AffymetrixHumanGene 1.0 ST platform. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was conducted to determine ETS2 protein expression in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) histologic tissue specimens (n1⁄4 201). Patient clinical outcome, based on ETS2 IHC expression, was statistically assessed using the log-rank and Kaplan–Meier tests. RNA interference and overexpression strategies were used to assess the effects of ETS2 expression on the transcriptome and on various malignant phenotypes. Results: ETS2 expression was significantly reduced in lung adenocarcinomas compared with normal lung (P < 0.001). Low ETS2 IHC expression was a significant predictor of shorter time to recurrence in NSCLC (P 1⁄4 0.009, HR 1⁄4 1.89) and adenocarcinoma (P 1⁄4 0.03, HR 1⁄4 1.86). Moreover, ETS2 was found to significantly inhibit lung cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion (P < 0.05), and microarray and pathways analysis revealed significant (P < 0.001) activation of the HGF pathway following ETS2 knockdown. In addition, ETS2 was found to suppress MET phosphorylation and knockdown of MET expression significantly attenuated (P < 0.05) cell invasion mediated by ETS2-specific siRNA. Furthermore, knockdown of ETS2 augmented HGF-induced MET phosphorylation, cell migration, and
State of the Art Free Stall Designs: Do They Allow Lame Cows to Maintain Normal Patterns of Stall Use?

Time budgets for 59 mature Holstein cows were obtained using video analysis over a single 48 h period in 4 two-row free stall housed dairy herds, milked twice a day. Stall design differed only in stall base type with 2 herds with Pasture Mat® rubber crumb filled mattress stalls and 2 herds with Pack Mat™ stalls – consisting of 2 inches of sand over a mattress. Both stall base and locomotion score significantly influenced stall standing behavior. Lame cows on Pasture Mats lay for less than 12 h/d and stood in the stall in excess of 4 h/d. In contrast, while lame cows on Pack Mats maintained lying times at 13.1 h/d and stood in the stall for less than 2 h/d. The Pack Mat design appears to be very beneficial for lame cows, while Pasture Mat failed to allow lame cows to maintain normal patterns of stall usage. However, the addition of foam to improve surface cushion of the Pasture Mat appeared to improve stall use by both lame and non-lame cows in one herd.
The Acute and Chronic Effects of Isometric Contraction Conditioning on Baseball Bat Velocity

Abstract Higuchi, T, Nagami, T, Mizuguchi, N, and Anderson, T. The acute and chronic effects of isometric contraction conditioning on baseball bat velocity. J Strength Cond Res 27(1): 216–222, 2013—The purpose of this study was to examine (a) the acute change in bat velocity (BV) following three types of warm-up procedures for baseball hitting (experiment 1), and (b) the effect of an 8-week training program of isometric contraction conditioning (ISO) on BV (experiment 2). In experiment 1, the BV of 24 collegiate baseball players was measured before and after one of the three warm-up procedures; five standard bat (mass = 850.5 g) dry swings (SBS), five weighted bat (mass = 850.5 g + 680.4 g) dry swings (WBS), and four sets of 5-second maximal voluntary isometric contractions mimicking the bat swing movement pattern (ISO). BV was measured just before ball–bat impact. Experiment 2 followed experiment 1 and used only the ISO warm-up. Twelve of the 24 subjects formed the experimental group and underwent an 8-week training program (3 days per week) of ISO training. Results of experiment 1 indicated (a) no significant change in post-SBS BV (−0.33 m·s−1), (b) a significant decrease in post-WBS BV (−0.89 m·s−1; p < 0.05), and (c) a significant increase in post-ISO BV (+0.39 m·s−1; p < 0.05). In experiment 2, there was a significant increase in baseline BV after the 8-week training period (30.21 ± 1.83 m·s−1 to 31.15 ± 1.57 m·s−1). A comparison of BV before and after ISO warm-up revealed that change was significantly greater after the training period (100.17 ± 3.18% vs. 103.75 ± 1.91%). Our results suggest that warm-up with WBS does not increase BV and that using the ISO has both acute and chronic positive effects on BV as a warm-up procedure to improve BV.
A Survey of Text Similarity Approaches

ABSTRACT Measuring the similarity between words, sentences, paragraphs and documents is an important component in various tasks such as information retrieval, document clustering, word-sense disambiguation, automatic essay scoring, short answer grading, machine translation and text summarization. This survey discusses the existing works on text similarity through partitioning them into three approaches; String-based, Corpus-based and Knowledge-based similarities. Furthermore, samples of combination between these similarities are presented. General Terms Text Mining, Natural Language Processing. Keywords BasedText Similarity, Semantic Similarity, String-Based Similarity, Corpus-Based Similarity, Knowledge-Based Similarity. NeedlemanWunsch 1. INTRODUCTION Text similarity measures play an increasingly important role in text related research and applications in tasks Nsuch as information retrieval, text classification, document clustering, topic detection, topic tracking, questions generation, question answering, essay scoring, short answer scoring, machine translation, text summarization and others. Finding similarity between words is a fundamental part of text similarity which is then used as a primary stage for sentence, paragraph and document similarities. Words can be similar in two ways lexically and semantically. Words are similar lexically if they have a similar character sequence. Words are similar semantically if they have the same thing, are opposite of each other, used in the same way, used in the same context and one is a type of another. DistanceLexical similarity is introduced in this survey though different String-Based algorithms, Semantic similarity is introduced through Corpus-Based and Knowledge-Based algorithms. String-Based measures operate on string sequences and character composition. A string metric is a metric that measures similarity or dissimilarity (distance) between two text strings for approximate string matching or comparison. Corpus-Based similarity is a semantic similarity measure that determines the similarity between words according to information gained from large corpora. Knowledge-Based similarity is a semantic similarity measure that determines the degree of similarity between words using information derived from semantic networks. The most popular for each type will be presented briefly. This paper is organized as follows: Section two presents String-Based algorithms by partitioning them into two types character-based and term-based measures. Sections three and four introduce Corpus-Based and knowledge-Based algorithms respectively. Samples of combinations between similarity algorithms are introduced in section five and finally section six presents conclusion of the survey.
Unsedated Peroral Endoscopy With a Video Ultrathin Endoscope: Patient Acceptance, Tolerance, and Diagnostic Accuracy

Objective:The aim of this study was to assess patient tolerance of unsedated routine upper endoscopy using a 6-mm ultrathin (UT) video endoscope (Olympus XGIF-N200H) and to compare its optical quality to a standard endoscope (Olympus GIF100). Methods:A total of 62 outpatients were recruited for unsedated UT endoscopy using topical spray followed by sedated endoscopy using a standard endoscope. After unsedated endoscopy, patients were asked to complete a questionnaire assessing tolerance. When both endoscopies were completed, the endoscopist recorded findings and optical quality of the UT.Results:Of 62 patients, 19 refused unsedated endoscopy because of anxiety (12), fear of gagging (3), and unwillingness to be study patients (4). Tolerance: Of 43 patients, 37 (86%) had a complete, unsedated UT exam (five patients did not have a GIF100 exam). During insertion, 60% of the patients reported none/mild discomfort, whereas, during the remainder of the examination, 73% had none/mild discomfort. Of 37 patients, 30 (81%) were willing to undergo future unsedated endoscopy with the UT and they tolerated UT endoscopy better than the patients who were unwilling (none/mild discomfort: 83%vs 29%). Of 43 patients, six (14%) failed UT endoscopy because of severe gagging (all were male, mean age 44 yr). Optics: Optical quality was rated as good 84%, 65%, and 78% of the time in the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, respectively. Optical quality was diminished by excessive fluid and tenacious secretions. The UT missed five of 59 lesions: three hiatal hernias and two gastric erosions.Conclusion:A total of 69% of outpatients agreed to undergo peroral unsedated endoscopy with a UT endoscope. A total of 86% of patients tolerated a complete unsedated examination, and 81% of these were willing to undergo future unsedated examinations. Diagnostic accuracy of this ultrathin video endoscope was good, with 92% of lesions discovered when compared with a standard instrument.
A Pilot Study of CTLA-4 Blockade after Cancer Vaccine Failure in Patients with Advanced Malignancy

Purpose: Eleven patients with progressive advanced malignancy after administration of a cancer vaccine received a fully human anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody (ipilimumab). The primary end point was to determine drug toxicity. Tumor response, tumor-specific CD8+ T-cell immune responses, and modulation of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T-cell (Treg) numbers were secondary end points. Experimental Design: Three patients with colon cancer, four with non–Hodgkin's lymphoma, and four with prostate cancer were treated. The first dose was given at 3 mg/kg and subsequent doses were administered monthly at 1.5 mg/kg for a total of four cycles. Results: Tumor regression was observed in two patients with lymphoma; one of which obtained a partial response of 14-month duration. Ipilimumab was well tolerated with predominantly grade 1/2 toxicities. One drug-related grade 3 toxicity was observed. One patient died within 30 days of treatment due to progressive colon cancer. No increase in vaccine-specific T-cell responses was observed after therapy. Tregs as detected by expression of CD4+CD25 +CD62L + declined at early time points but rebounded to levels at or above baseline values at the time of the next infusion. Conclusions: Ipilimumab treatment depressed Treg numbers at early time points in the treatment cycle but was not accompanied by an increase in vaccine-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in these patients previously treated with a variety of investigational anticancer vaccines. A partial response was observed in one patient with follicular lymphoma. A phase I/II trial evaluating ipilimumab in patients with follicular lymphoma is currently ongoing.
The noisy edge of traveling waves

Traveling waves are ubiquitous in nature and control the speed of many important dynamical processes, including chemical reactions, epidemic outbreaks, and biological evolution. Despite their fundamental role in complex systems, traveling waves remain elusive because they are often dominated by rare fluctuations in the wave tip, which have defied any rigorous analysis so far. Here, we show that by adjusting nonlinear model details, noisy traveling waves can be solved exactly. The moment equations of these tuned models are closed and have a simple analytical structure resembling the deterministic approximation supplemented by a nonlocal cutoff term. The peculiar form of the cutoff shapes the noisy edge of traveling waves and is critical for the correct prediction of the wave speed and its fluctuations. Our approach is illustrated and benchmarked using the example of fitness waves arising in simple models of microbial evolution, which are highly sensitive to number fluctuations. We demonstrate explicitly how these models can be tuned to account for finite population sizes and determine how quickly populations adapt as a function of population size and mutation rates. More generally, our method is shown to apply to a broad class of models, in which number fluctuations are generated by branching processes. Because of this versatility, the method of model tuning may serve as a promising route toward unraveling universal properties of complex discrete particle systems.
Influence of Mechanical, Cellular, and Molecular Factors on Collateral Artery Growth (Arteriogenesis)

Growth of collateral blood vessels (arteriogenesis) is potentially able to preserve structure and function of limbs and organs after occlusion of a major artery. The success of the remodeling process depends on the following conditions: (1) existence of an arteriolar network that connects the preocclusive with the postocclusive microcirculation; (2) activation of the arteriolar endothelium by elevated fluid shear stress; (3) invasion (but not incorporation) of bone marrow-derived cells; and (4) proliferation of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Most organs of most mammals including man can rely on the existence of interconnecting arterioles in most organs and tissues with heart being the exception in rodents and pigs. Arterial occlusion lowers the pressure in the distal vasculature thereby creating a pressure gradient favoring increased flow through preexisting collaterals. This increases fluid shear stress leading to endothelial activation with cellular edema, upregulation of adhesion molecules, mitogenic-, thrombogenic-, and fibrinolytic factors, leading to monocyte invasion with matrix digestion. Smooth muscle cells migrate and proliferate and the vessel enlarges under the influence of increasing circumferential wall stress. Growth factors involved belong to the FGF family and signaling proceeds via the Ras/Raf- and the Rho cascades. Increases in vascular radius and wall thickness restore fluid shear stress and circumferential wall stress to normal levels and growth stops. Although increases in collateral vessel size are very substantial their maximal conductance amounts to only 40% of normal. Forced increases in FSS can reach almost 100%.
Model-checking for successor-invariant first-order formulas on graph classes of bounded expansion

A successor-invariant first-order formula is a formula that has access to an auxiliary successor relation on a structure's universe, but the model relation is independent of the particular interpretation of this relation. It is well known that successor-invariant formulas are more expressive on finite structures than plain first-order formulas without a successor relation. This naturally raises the question whether this increase in expressive power comes at an extra cost to solve the model-checking problem, that is, the problem to decide whether a given structure together with some (and hence every) successor relation is a model of a given formula. It was shown earlier that adding successor-invariance to first-order logic essentially comes at no extra cost for the model-checking problem on classes of finite structures whose underlying Gaifman graph is planar [1], excludes a fixed minor [2] or a fixed topological minor [3], [4]. In this work we show that the model-checking problem for successor-invariant formulas is fixed-parameter tractable on any class of finite structures whose underlying Gaifman graphs form a class of bounded expansion. Our result generalises all earlier results and comes close to the best tractability results on nowhere dense classes of graphs currently known for plain first-order logic.