Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SINGLE MOTHERS' MOTIVATION TO WORK AND THEIR PARTICIPATION IN THE LABOUR MARKET IN THE NETHERLANDS*

Since the implementation of the new General Social Assistance Act (1996) in the Netherlands, single parents receiving welfare benefits are required to apply for full-time or part-time work as soon as their youngest child is five years old. This article presents a study of 763 Dutch single mothers, whose were either dependent on welfare benefits or economically independent. The factors influencing these single mothers' participation in the labour market are explored. The results indicate that less educated single mothers, more than well-educated single mothers, conceive of themselves primarily as mothers and not as (paid) employees. However, it is also evident that opting for caring rather than working may in a sense form an escape mechanism, in response to a lack of opportunities on the labour market due to poor or incomplete
Daptomycin plus fosfomycin versus daptomycin monotherapy in treating MRSA: protocol of a multicentre, randomised, phase III trial

Introduction Despite the availability of new antibiotics such as daptomycin, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia continues to be associated with high clinical failure rates. Combination therapy has been proposed as an alternative to improve outcomes but there is a lack of clinical studies. The study aims to demonstrate that combination of daptomycin plus fosfomycin achieves higher clinical success rates in the treatment of MRSA bacteraemia than daptomycin alone. Methods and analysis A multicentre open-label, randomised phase III study. Adult patients hospitalised with MRSA bacteraemia will be randomly assigned (1:1) to group 1: daptomycin 10 mg/kg/24 h intravenous; or group 2: daptomycin 10 mg/kg/24 h intravenous plus fosfomycin 2 gr/6 g intravenous. The main outcome will be treatment response at week 6 after stopping therapy (test-of-cure (TOC) visit). This is a composite variable with two values: Treatment success: resolution of clinical signs and symptoms (clinical success) and negative blood cultures (microbiological success) at the TOC visit. Treatment failure: if any of the following conditions apply: (1) lack of clinical improvement at 72 h or more after starting therapy; (2) persistent bacteraemia (positive blood cultures on day 7); (3) therapy is discontinued early due to adverse effects or for some other reason based on clinical judgement; (4) relapse of MRSA bacteraemia before the TOC visit; (5) death for any reason before the TOC visit. Assuming a 60% cure rate with daptomycin and a 20% difference in cure rates between the two groups, 103 patients will be needed for each group (α:0.05, ß: 0.2). Statistical analysis will be based on intention to treat, as well as per protocol and safety analysis. Ethics and dissemination The protocol was approved by the Spanish Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (AEMPS). The sponsor commits itself to publishing the data in first quartile peer-review journals within 12 months of the completion of the study. Trial registration number NCT01898338.
A Narrative Analysis of Climate Change Coverage in the New York Times, 1988-2008: Social Responsibility and Weight-of-Evidence Reporting

A NARRATIVE ANALYSIS OF CLIMATE CHANGE COVERAGE IN THE NEW YORK TIMES, 1988–2008: SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND WEIGHT-OF-EVIDENCE REPORTING Valerie Valentine Marquette University, 2010 Drawing on narrative analysis, this study uncovers the metanarrative that served to structure the coverage of global warming as it appeared in The New York Times over a 20-year period. This analysis indicates that The New York Times used weight-of-evidence reporting over time to underpin the architecture of the metastory, in contrast to traditional objective reporting. Weight-of-evidence reporting is recommended as a method of incorporating the majority voice of science by de-emphasizing what is considered untrue, rather than giving it the same merit, while also documenting growing evidence. This finding is situated within the context of journalism ethics. The study of The New York Times’ coverage is important because it is an opinion leader among press organizations, and because citizens use news to educate themselves, thus media have a duty to accurately inform the public. Understanding the story that The New York Times has told lays the groundwork for future studies related to how news coverage of climate change and other issues of risk has unfolded in this culture.
Changes in the etiology of sexually transmitted diseases in Botswana between 1993 and 2002: implications for the clinical management of genital ulcer disease.

BACKGROUND In recent years, increasing evidence has accumulated that suggests the majority of cases of genital ulcer disease in sub-Saharan Africa are due to viral and not bacterial infections. Although many cross-sectional studies support such a trend, few serial cross-sectional data are available to show the evolution of genital ulcer disease over time. METHODS We surveyed the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among patients with STD symptoms and women recruited from family planning clinics in 3 cities in Botswana in 2002 and compared our findings with those from a survey of a similar population conducted in 1993. RESULTS The observed proportion of cases of genital ulcer disease due to chancroid decreased from 25% in 1993 to 1% in 2002, whereas the proportion of ulcers due to herpes simplex virus increased from 23% in 1993 to 58% in 2002. Although the proportion of ulcers due to syphilis was similar for both surveys, the rate of positive serologic test results for syphilis among patients with genital ulcer disease decreased from 52% in 1993 to 5% in 2002. During this period, decreases in the prevalence of gonorrhea, syphilis-reactive serologic findings, chlamydial infection, and trichomoniasis were also detected among patients with STDs and women from family planning clinics. These changes remained significant after estimates were adjusted for the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a decrease in the prevalence of bacterial STDs and trichomoniasis, a reduction in the proportion of ulcers due to bacterial causes, and an increase in the proportion of ulcers due to herpes simplex virus during the period 1993-2002. These changes should be taken into consideration when defining new guidelines for the syndromic management of genital ulcer disease.
Motivating Annotation for Personal Digital Photo Libraries : Lowering Barriers While Raising Incentives

The value of personal digital photo libraries grows immensely when users invest effort to annotate their photos. Frameworks for understanding annotation requirements could guide improved strategies that would motivate more users to invest the necessary effort. We propose one framework for annotation techniques along with the strengths and weaknesses of each one, and a second framework for target user groups and their motivations. Several applications are described that provide useful and information-rich representations, but which require good annotations, in the hope of providing incentives for high quality annotation. We describe how annotations make possible four novel presentations of personal photo collections: (1) Birthday Collage to show growth of a child over several years, (2) FamiliarFace to show family trees of photos, (3) Kaleidoscope to show photos of related people in an appealing tableau, and (4) TripPics to show photos from a sequential story such as a vacation trip.
Physical education activity courses: an exploration of how enrollment influences student retention rates.

Nationally, student retention rates continue to be a problem, as the National Center for Education Statistics (2018) found the six-year undergraduate graduation rate for students who started college in fall 2010 was around 60%. An area not yet investigated is if any association exists between enrollment in a university physical education activity course (BIP) and academic success. The purpose of this study was to determine how enrollment in a BIP course affected undergraduate student retention rates. This study examined whether enrollment in BIP courses influenced student retention of all first-time, full-time, baccalaureate degree-seeking students enrolled at a public research university during the years of 2014 and 2015 (N=5,565). Results indicated minority students, students with lower high school GPAs, and students with lower ACT composite scores were more likely to enroll in BIP courses during their first or second year at the institution. Additionally, the Health and Sport Sciences Department requires BIP enrollment for degree completion, so students in HSS enrolled at a higher rate. A significant finding showed students enrolled in BIP courses during their first or second year had 1.65 greater odds of being retained after the second year. Additionally, students enrolled in BIP courses during their second year had 3.22 greater odds of second year retention. For each additional BIP course enrolled, students had 1.39 greater odds of being retained after the second year. There was a significant interaction between race and first or second year BIP enrollment, as White students enrolled in a BIP course had 1.73 greater odds of second year retention. Finally, there was significant interaction between race and second year BIP enrollment, as White students enrolled in a BIP course had 2.48 greater odds of second year retention. While most institutions no longer require BIP enrollment, the findings in the current study demonstrate an association between BIP enrollment and greater odds of student retention. As a result, schools need to reconsider the importance of BIP enrollment, especially during the second year. The findings also demonstrate value in enrollment in more than one BIP course early in the educational experience.
Pathophysiological Interference with Neurovascular Coupling – When Imaging Based on Hemoglobin Might Go Blind

Assessing neuronal activity by non-invasive functional brain imaging techniques which are based on the hemodynamic response depends totally on the physiological cascade of metabolism and blood flow. At present, functional brain imaging with near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) or BOLD-fMRI is widely used in cognitive neuroscience in healthy subjects where neurovascular coupling and cerebrovascular reactivity can be assumed to be intact. Local activation studies as well as studies investigating functional connectivity between brain regions of the resting brain provide a rapidly increasing body of knowledge on brain function in humans and animals. Furthermore, functional NIRS and MRI techniques are increasingly being used in patients with severe brain diseases and this use might gain more and more importance for establishing their use in the clinical routine. However, more and more experimental evidence shows that changes in baseline physiological parameters, pharmacological interventions, or disease-related vascular changes may significantly alter the normal response of blood flow and blood oxygenation and thus may lead to misinterpretation of neuronal activity. In this article we present examples of recent experimental findings on pathophysiological changes of neurovascular coupling parameters in animals and discuss their potential implications for functional imaging based on hemodynamic signals such as fNIRS or BOLD-fMRI. To enable correct interpretation of neuronal activity by vascular signals, future research needs to deepen our understanding of the basic mechanisms of neurovascular coupling and the specific characteristics of disturbed neurovascular coupling in the diseased brain.
Angiopoietin-1 Requires Oxidant Signaling through p47phox to Promote Endothelial Barrier Defense

Background Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are largely considered to be pathogenic to normal endothelial function in disease states such as sepsis. We hypothesized that Angiopoietin-1 (Angpt-1), an endogenous agonist of the endothelial-specific receptor, Tie-2, promotes barrier defense by activating NADPH oxidase (NOX) signaling. Methods and Findings Using primary human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs), we found that Angpt-1 stimulation induces phosphorylation of p47phox and a brief oxidative burst that is lost when chemical inhibitors of NOX activity or siRNA against the NOX component p47phox were applied. As a result, there was attenuated ROS activity, disrupted junctional contacts, enhanced actin stress fiber accumulation, and induced gap formation between confluent HMVECs. All of these changes were associated with weakened barrier function. The ability of Angpt-1 to prevent identical changes induced by inflammatory permeability mediators, thrombin and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), was abrogated by p47phox knockdown. P47phox was required for Angpt-1 to activate Rac1 and inhibit mediator-induced activation of the small GTPase RhoA. Finally, Angpt-1 gene transfer prevented vascular leakage in wildtype mice exposed to systemically administered LPS, but not in p47phox knock out (p47−/−) littermates. Conclusions These results suggest an essential role for NOX signaling in Angpt-1-mediated endothelial barrier defense against mediators of systemic inflammation. More broadly, oxidants generated for signal transduction may have a barrier-promoting role in vascular endothelium.
Evaluating a colour morphological scale-space

Scale-spaces are usually associated with the diffusion equation operating on greyscale images. This paper presents a scale-space that is based on graph morphology and works in colour. The system is shown to be a natural extension of the existing greyscale graph-morphology scale-spaces. The system is evaluated by comparing it to a specially collected database of ground-truth images created by human subjects.
Phonon Engineering in Hetero- and Nanostructures

Phonons, i.e., quanta of lattice vibrations, manifest themselves practically in all electrical, thermal, optical, and noise phenomena in semiconductors and other material systems. Reduction of the size of electronic devices below the acoustic phonon mean free path creates a new situation for the phonons propagation and interaction. From one side, it may complicate heat removal from the downscaled devices. From the other side, it opens up an opportunity for engineering phonon spectrum in nanostructured materials, and achieving enhanced operation of nanoscale devices. This chapter reviews the development of the nanoscale phonon engineering concept and discusses possible device applications. The focus of this review is on tuning the phonon spectrum in the acoustically mismatched nanoand heterostructures in order to change the ability of semiconductors to conduct heat or electric current. New approaches for the electron–phonon scattering rates suppression and improvement of the carrier mobility as well as for formation of the phonon stop-bands are discussed. The phonon engineering concept can be potentially as powerful as the band gap engineering, which led to some ground-breaking developments in the electronics.
Miniature slotted RFID tag antenna for metallic objects

Designing RFID tag antenna for metallic objects is a challenging task as antenna parameters are highly affected by metallic surface. This paper presents a miniaturized slotted RFID tag antenna with overall dimensions of 33 mm × 16 mm × 3.2 mm for metallic objects. The proposed design contains two coplanar metallic patches which are electrically connected to the ground plane through a copper via. Multiple slots are created on metallic patches which help in improving overall antenna inductance. A non-connected metallic plate is present between the ground and the patches. The proposed antenna design is simulated and fabricated, and its parameters are analyzed. It is concluded that this design can be reused for different tag chips having different input impedances simply by varying slot length without changing any other antenna dimensions. The read range of the proposed design, when the tag antenna is mounted on the metallic surface, is approximately 80 cm.
Other-regarding preferences and the decision behaviour of autistic people in the Ultimatum Game

When humans interact with one another, the decisions they make often appear to be irrational in a purely economic sense. People are willing to sacrifice resources in order to affect positive outcomes for others and they often forgo opportunities to maximise benefits for themselves in order to avoid disadvantaging others. Explanations for such phenomena remain contested. The current thesis seeks to shed light on some of the factors that contribute to social-decision making by comparing decision making in typically developing individuals and individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder – a condition characterised by difficulties in many of the domains that are suspected to play a role in guiding social-decision behaviour. In four experiments, variants of a paradigm known as the Ultimatum Game were implemented, which requires individuals to decide whether or not to accept or reject fair or unfair monetary offers. In Experiment 1, a one-shot UG was implemented in which participants provided one response as proposer and one as responder. In experiment 2, as responders, participants were asked to decide over intentionally vs randomly made unfair offers while skin conductance response was measured. In experiment 3, a cognitive manipulation was implemented, and participants were asked to respond with and without time pressure to fair and unfair offers made by human proposers. Finally, in experiment 4 participants played as proposers and responders a multi trial Mini UG. Here, participants decide over an unfair offer which is presented four times along with an alternative offer that varies in levels of fairness each time. In addition, across all experiments a number of traits, that are thought to play a role in regulating decision behaviour in this scenario were assessed through self-report and performance measures, including theory of mind, inhibition, empathising and systemising. The results from the Ultimatum Game task showed that there are no substantial behavioural differences between ASD and control participants (TD). However, in two of the experiments, differences emerged which suggested that the two groups differed in the cognitive processes recruited to respond to levels of fairness. Specifically, in experiment 2 ASD participants were less influenced by whether or not unfair offers were proposed by a human or computer counterpart and in experiment 3 rejection rates were more strongly associated with a measure of theory of mind than in the TD group. These results are discussed in the framework of cognitive theories of ASD and models of economic exchange suggesting that inequity aversion, e.g. Cultural norms, and fairness reciprocity are not stable preferences but differently motivate decision behaviour depending on the context. Further research needs to be undertaken to identify how executive control and dual theories of moral judgements affect decision behaviour in repeated interactions.
Appraising UMLS Coverage for Summarizing Medical Evidence

When making clinical decisions, practitioners need to rely on the most relevant evidence available. However, accessing a vast body of medical evidence and confronting with the issue of information overload can be challenging and time consuming. This paper proposes an effective summarizer for medical evidence by utilizing both UMLS and WordNet. Given a clinical query and a set of relevant abstracts, our aim is to generate a fluent, well-organized, and compact summary that answers the query. Analysis via ROUGE metrics shows that using WordNet as a general-purpose lexicon helps to capture the concepts not covered by the UMLS Metathesaurus, and hence significantly increases the performance. The effectiveness of our proposed approach is demonstrated by conducting a set of experiments over a specialized evidence-based medicine (EBM) corpus - which has been gathered and annotated for the purpose of biomedical text summarization.
The Distribution of Personal Wealth in South Australia

In a radar transmitting system including a charge and discharge circuit and a pulse generating circuit which is initiated by discharging of the charge and discharging circuit, a semiconductor switching device such as, for example, a thyristor is employed to discharge the charge and discharge circuit. An inductive element is provided between the charge and discharge circuit and the semiconductor switching device so that the discharging of the charge and discharge circuit may be delayed until the semiconductor switching device is turned on completely.
Blade Fault Diagnosis in Small Wind Power Systems Using MPPT with Optimized Control Parameters

A systematic experiment verification of Chaos Embedded Sliding Mode Extremum Seeking Control for maximum power point tracking and a method for detecting possible faults in small wind turbine systems in advance are proposed in this paper. The chaotic logistic map is used to replace the random function in the particle swarm optimization algorithm for faster searching the optimal control parameter . From the experimental results, it is verified that the Chaos Embedded Sliding Mode Extremum Seeking Control scheme has a better dynamic response than traditional Extremum Seeking Control scheme and Hill-Climbing Search scheme for maximum power point tracking. In the proposed scheme for fault detection, a chaotic synchronization method is used to transform the maximum power point tracking signal into a chaos synchronization error distribution diagram. It is then taken as the characteristic for fault diagnosis purposes. Finally, an extension theory pattern recognition technique is applied to diagnose the fault. Notably, the use of the chaotic dynamic errors as the fault diagnosis characteristic reduces the number of extracted features required, and therefore greatly reduces both the computation time and the hardware implementation cost. From the experimental results, it is shown that the fault diagnosis rate of the proposed method exceeds 98% not only in non-real-time but also in real-time of faults detection of the blades.
Impact of localization on Dyson's circular ensemble

A wide variety of complex physical systems described by unitary matrices have been shown numerically to satisfy level statistics predicted by Dyson's circular ensemble. We argue that the impact of localization in such systems is to impose certain restrictions on the eigenvalues. We consider a solvable model which takes into account such restrictions qualitatively and find that within the model a gap is created in the spectrum, and there is a transition from the universal Wigner distribution towards a Poisson distribution with increasing localization.