Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Concepts of Political Parties

Political parties are historically and logically connected to democracy. This article examines models of political parties and their relationship to democratic philosophy, with primary attention to normative rather than empirical models. Three dichotomous, analytical dimensions are developed: the parties' elite or mass focus, their collective or coalitional goals and their instrumental or expressive mode. Combining these dimensions results in eight abstract party concepts, each identified with particular theorists and practitioners. These concepts portray party, variously, as: governing caucus, cause advocate, ideological community, social movement, bureaucratic organization, rational team of office-seekers, urban machine and personal coalition. In an analysis of democratic theory, parallel dimensions are developed: the accessibility of leadership, voter goals and the character of popular participation. Particular kinds of parties are associated with these different concepts of democracy and with particular forms of government.
Rapid laboratory confirmation of human brucellosis by PCR analysis of a target sequence on the 31-kilodalton Brucella antigen DNA

We developed a PCR-based assay for the rapid and specific laboratory diagnosis of human brucellosis directly from whole blood. Specimens were collected in EDTA tubes from 17 patients with acute serologic brucellosis and 3 patients with chronic relapsing brucellosis as determined by serologic tests and the patient's clinical picture. DNA was extracted from peripheral mononuclear cells obtained from the blood of patients with brucellosis and control individuals. Specific primers for the PCR amplification of a 223-bp region on the sequence encoding the 31-kDa immunogenic Brucella abortus protein (BCSP 31) were used. All amplicons had the expected size of 223 bp. The specificity of amplification was determined by Southern hybridization and restriction endonuclease analysis. DNA extracted from blood taken from 30 healthy individuals as well as from 9 patients with typhoid fever did not show any amplification with the primers used. The test proved to be rapid and specific for the laboratory confirmation of acute human brucellosis. Further studies must be conducted to assess the utility of this test on additional patients with chronic relapsing brucellosis as well as patients under treatment.
Women Who Drink and Fight: A Discourse Analysis of Working-Class Women's Talk

More recent years have begun to see a shift in focus in academic writing towards the rather neglected topic of female aggression and violence (for example, Campbell, 1993, 1995; Burbank, 1994). Furthermore, some feminists have highlighted the benefits of drawing attention towards women's aggression for feminist agendas (for example, Campbell, 1993; White and Kowalski, 1994). However, much of the existing work in this area situates women's aggression in the context of normative heterosexual relationships and domestic domains, meaning that women's aggression and violence in other (more public) contexts is often overlooked. This omission is puzzling now given that women are entering into more public domains and spaces which have historically been dominated by men (for example, Kua, 1994) and reports that most incidents where women report being attacked by other women take place in the context of pubs or clubs (Home Office, 1993). As such, this study examines women's talk around aggression in the context of `nights out'. In sum, it is argued here that physical aggression can be understood as playing an important role in the construction of working-class femininities in ways that `make sense' in local classed contexts, thus emphasizing the importance of contextual understandings of women's aggression.
Robust exponential stability of time-varying linear systems

This paper investigates the robustness of time-varying linear systems under a large class of complex time-varying perturbations. Previous results8 which were restricted to bounded linear perturbations of output feedback type are generalized to unbounded and nonlinear perturbations of multi-output feedback type. We establish a lower bound for the stability radius of these systems and show how it may be possible to improve the bound using time-varying scalar transformations of the state, input and output variables. The results are applied to derive Gershgorin type stability criteria for time-varying linear systems.
I. Theory

A generalized microplane model 'or brittle-plastic heterogeneous materials such as concrete, which describes not only tensile cracking but also nonlinear triaxial response in compression and shear, is presented. The constitutive properties are characterized separately on plane.s of various orientations within' the material, called the microp lanes, on which there are only few stress and strain components and no tensorial requirements need to be observed. These requirements are satisfied automatically by integration over all spatial directions. The state of each microplane is characterized by normal deviatoric and volumetric strains and shear strain, which makes it possible to match any Poisson ratio. The microplane strains are assumed to ~ the resolved components of the macroscopic strain tensor. The central assumption is that on the microplane level the stress-strain diagrams for monotonic loading are path-independent and that aU the path dependence on the macrolevel is due to unloading, which happens selectively on microplanes of some orientations. The response on the microplane is assumed to depend on the lateral normal strain, which does no work. In consequence, the incremental elastic moduli tensor is nonsymmetric, which is necessary to model friction and dilatancy. This tensor is also generally anisotropic and fully populated (i.e., none of its elements can be prescribed as zero). The model involves many fewer free material parameters than the existing comprehensive macroscopic phenomenologic constitutive models for concrete.
University faculty members’ perceptions of their teaching efficacy

The purpose of this study was to investigate faculty members’ perceptions of teaching efficacy and their relation to faculty members’ backgrounds. A questionnaire measuring six dimensions of teaching efficacy was distributed to faculty members at 17 universities in Taiwan, yielding 513 complete sets of responses. Faculty members felt efficacious, from the greatest to the least, in the following dimensions: course design, class management, interpersonal relation, learning assessment, technology usage, and instructional strategy. Faculty members of public universities show higher perceptions of their efficacy than do those of private universities. Faculty members in education report a higher level of efficacy than faculty members in other disciplines. Females score higher than males in class management and learning assessment. Faculty members with less than six years of teaching experience indicate lower perceptions of teaching efficacy in course design than other faculty members. Faculty members teaching courses completely matching their specialties feel more confident in their teaching than those teaching partially‐matched courses. However, there is no significant difference between faculty members with teaching training and those without training experience.
Social Mobility and Intergroup Antagonism

This paper reevaluates certain aspects of Dahrendorf's conflict theory in relation to social mobility. Specifically, the relationship between the degree of openness or closedness of the mobility opportunity structure of society and the degree of intergroup antagonism is examined. A game simulation is initiated whereby the researcher is able to create simulated situations of varying mobility opportunity and observe, by means of pre- and posttest questionnaires, the relative antagonism between groups within the situation and the participants' latent antagonism outside the simulated situation. The findings provide support for Dahrendorf's hypothesis, but also indicate that further dynamics are involved in the structure of mobility systems.
The in Vivo Antithrombotic Effect of Wine Consumption on Human Blood Platelets and Hemostatic Factors

Abstract: We compared the in vivo effect of red vs. white wine consumption on platelet aggregation, responsiveness and membrane viscosity, plasma total antioxidant status, thromboxane B2 levels, and fibrinolysis. Diet and red wine had a synergistic effect in decreasing platelet aggregation. Red wine did not have a significantly more favorable effect on the fibrinolytic factors than white wine. The reduction in platelet membrane viscosity after red wine, which could contribute to the protective antithrombotic role of red wine, needs further explanation.
Equilibria in Dynamic Multicriteria Games

Mathematical models involving more than one objective seem more adherent to real problems. Often players have more than one goal which are often not comparable. These situations are typical for game-theoretic models in economic and ecology. In this paper, new approaches to construct equilibria in dynamic multicriteria games are constructed. We consider a dynamic, discrete-time, game model where the players use a common resource and have different criteria to optimize. First, we construct the guaranteed payoffs in a several ways. Then, we find an equilibrium as a solution of a Nash bargaining scheme with the guaranteed payoffs playing the role of status quo points. The obtained equilibrium, called a multicriteria Nash equilibrium, gives a possible solution concept for dynamic multicriteria games.
Novel Figurative Language and Patient Experiencing in Psychodynamic Therapy

Clinical and theoretical literature suggests that novel figures of speech are specially disposed both to uses that advance therapeutic progress (e.g., by facilitating a patient's and/or therapist's effort to verbalize inchoate aspects of the patient's experience) and to uses that block it (e.g., by allowing patient and/or therapist to avoid direct discussion of difficult material). However, the value of studying novel figures is a matter of some dispute in the research literature, perhaps because previous studies have focused mainly on their potential to advance therapeutic progress. In a sample of three sessions from each of seven psychodynamic therapy dyads, novel figures followed periods in which ratings on the Patient Experiencing Scale (EXP; Klein, Mathieu, Gendlin, & Kiesler, 1969) were significantly elevated from within-session baselines, and preceded periods in which EXP dropped significantly below baselines. Novel figures sometimes accompanied increasing EXP, but most often coincided with decreas.
A Weak Embrace: Popular and Scholarly Depictions of Single-Parent Families, 1900-1998

The growth of single-parent families constitutes one of the most dramatic and most studied social changes of the 20th century. Evolving attitudes toward these families have received less attention. This paper explores depictions of these families in representative samples of popular magazine (N = 474) and social science journal (N = 202) articles. Critical depictions of divorce plummeted between 1900 and 1998, a trend stemming not from any increase in favorable depictions but from the virtual disappearance of normative debate. Such de facto acceptance did not extend to nonmarital childbearing, however, depictions of which were almost as likely to be critical at the century’s end as at its beginning. These trends illustrate Americans’ ambivalent embrace of single-parent families as a reality but not an ideal.
Serotonergic function, behavioral disinhibition, and negative affect in children of alcoholics: the moderating effects of puberty.

BACKGROUND Serotonergic (5-HT) dysfunction has been implicated in both behavioral disinhibition and negative affect in adults. Although our group's previous work found decreased whole blood 5-HT in high versus low behavior problem children of alcoholics, some child/adolescent studies report conflicting results, and 5-HT's role in negative affect has been largely unexamined. Age-related developmental factors may play a role in these relationships. METHODS This report is from an ongoing prospective study of the development of risk for alcohol abuse/dependence and other problematic outcomes in a sample of families subtyped by father's alcoholism classification. The present study extends previous work and examines relationships between whole blood 5-HT and both child behavioral disinhibition (an aggression index from the Child Behavior Checklist) and negative affect (Child Behavior Checklist Anxious/Depressed scale) in offspring from 47 families (N = 45 boys and 17 girls; mean age = 10.88+/-2.03 yr). RESULTS The most important finding was that puberty moderated relationships between 5-HT and both behavioral disinhibition and negative affect with a relationship for pubescent children (n = 14, r = -0.54, p = 0.05: r = -0.57,p = 0.04, respectively) but no relationship for prepubescent children (n = 48, r = 0.05, p = 0.75; r = -0.15, p = 0.31, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The moderating effects of puberty may help clarify inconsistencies in child/adolescent literature. Furthermore, there appears to be a relationship between 5-HT and negative affect which parallels that between 5-HT and behavioral disinhibition. Pubertal status may be an important variable to evaluate as a moderator in relation to the developmental context of the role 5-HT dysfunction may play in various models of behavior related to alcoholism over the early life course.
New Right students?: exploring high achieving British university students’ discourses of learning

This article describes the discourses working‐class students at a university in Britain have about learning. The discourses include ideas about who is a good student, education as an investment, and marking. Students incorporate, in part, both neo‐liberal and neo‐conservative economic and political views into their perceptions of who should succeed or fail in higher education, but these notions sit contradictorily alongside their more social democratic principles of social justice.
Meeting Literacy Needs of Pre‐service Cohorts: Ethical dilemmas for socially just teacher educators

Australian teacher education, like the rest of the university sector in Australia, is under significant pressure and highly politicised. In this paper, we examine ethical dilemmas facing teacher educators who, in a context of difficult and eroding work conditions, grapple with literacy needs of pre‐service students. We focus particularly on building an analysis and a broad framework for improving university literacy work, encompassing ethical commitments to our students, our employing institutions and, most importantly, to children and youth from families less powerfully positioned in the social structure and in Australian schools. Our analysis is informed by the conceptual framework of Pierre Bourdieu and by critical literacy work, especially that of African‐American educator Lisa Delpit. The paper concludes with suggestions for framing literacy work within a teacher education programme designed explicitly around social justice ethics.
An improved detection method for different types of jamming attacks in wireless networks

In this paper, a detection method is improved for different types of jamming attacks in wireless networks. Based on the open nature of wireless networks, wireless networks are susceptible to jamming attacks. Most detection methods cannot provide effective protection against different types of jamming attacks. In order to effectively improve the defense capability of the wireless network, to identify the precise type of network attack is quite necessary. First, it will roughly classify the types of jamming attacks by existing detection methods. Then based on the statistics of Packet Send Rate (PSR) and Packet Delivery Rate (PDR), it will improve the existing detection mechanism and further precisely identify the specific type of jamming attacks when using different types of MAC protocols. Finally, this detection mechanism will be simulated by ns-2 simulation platform.
Haven Charter Schools: Separate by Design and Legally Questionable

This article examines the legal and policy complexities involved with students who are self-selecting into haven charter schools. Haven charter schools are those that intend to create a safe place for students with complex histories who may have been intimidated by a dominant group in their former schools. For the purpose of this study, haven charter schools are grouped into the following three categories: (1) ability-focused charters schools (e.g., specials needs); (2) culture-focused charter schools (e.g., Native-American, Hawaiian, Hebrew, Latino); and (3) gender- or sexual orientation based charter schools. After providing relevant background information and examining related literature, this article analyzes how recent courts have addressed legal challenges to this form of de facto segregation in charter schools and how these court opinions may inform policy debates about haven charter schools.
On the Nonlinear Statistics of Range Image Patches

In [A. B. Lee, K. S. Pedersen, and D. Mumford, Int. J. Comput. Vis. , 54 (2003), pp. 83-103], the authors study the distributions of $3\times3$ patches from optical images and from range images. In [G. Carlsson, T. Ishkanov, V. de Silva, and A. Zomorodian, Int. J. Comput. Vis. , 76 (2008), pp. 1-12], the authors apply computational topological tools to the data set of optical patches studied by Lee, Pedersen, and Mumford and find geometric structures for high density subsets. One high density subset is called the primary circle and essentially consists of patches with a line separating a light and a dark region. In this paper, we apply the techniques of Carlsson et al. to range patches. By enlarging to $5\times5$ and $7\times7$ patches, we find core subsets that have the topology of the primary circle, suggesting a stronger connection between optical patches and range patches than was found by Lee, Pedersen, and Mumford.
Captive-Taking Incidents in the Context of Domestic Violence: A Descriptive Analysis

Abstract Captive-taking events in the context of domestic violence have received increased attention from law enforcement and mental health professionals. However, despite the high lethality risk of these situations, for both the partners involved as well as first responders (police officers, crisis negotiators), only a modicum of investigative activity has been directed to these incidents. Further, the few extant reports in this area are primarily clinical case studies or anecdotal accounts. The purpose of the present investigation was to expand on previous work by providing more descriptive analyses of these events in order to garner data potentially useful in crisis negotiators' efforts to resolve these critical incidents in a peaceful, nonviolent manner. Specifically, three categories of variables (demographic, situational, and outcome) were examined in cases obtained from the Hostage/Barricade Database System (HOBAS) maintained by the Crisis Negotiation Unit of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Results showed that (1) these incidents tend to be unplanned, (2) they occur in private residences, (3) third party intermediaries are judged to have minimal impact on the negotiated outcome, and (4) subjects tend to be white in their mid-30s or 40s with prior violent arrest and substance abuse histories. Further, white females are more likely to be victims. Extended family members and children are increasingly becoming involved in these situations. Additionally, five cases were chosen to reflect the primary categories of variables. Limitations of the study and implications for future research in this area are also discussed.
An Empirical Study on Recommendation with Multiple Types of Feedback

User feedback like clicks and ratings on recommended items provides important information for recommender systems to predict users' interests in unseen items. Most systems rely on models trained using a single type of feedback, e.g., ratings for movie recommendation and clicks for online news recommendation. However, in addition to the primary feedback, many systems also allow users to provide other types of feedback, e.g., liking or sharing an article, or hiding all articles from a source. These additional feedback potentially provides extra information for the recommendation models. To optimize user experience and business objectives, it is important for a recommender system to use both the primary feedback and additional feedback. This paper presents an empirical study on various training methods for incorporating multiple user feedback types based on LinkedIn recommendation products. We study three important problems that we face at LinkedIn: (1) Whether to send an email based on clicks and complaints, (2) how to rank updates in LinkedIn feeds based on clicks and hides and (3) how jointly optimize for viral actions and clicks in LinkedIn feeds. Extensive offline experiments on historical data show the effectiveness of these methods in different situations. Online A/B testing results further demonstrate the impact of these methods on LinkedIn production systems.
Sex differences and their relevance to primary prevention of adolescent suicide

Abstract Sex differences exist in suicide. Males kill themselves more often than females, although not in childhood. Females attempt suicide more frequently. Males also respond differently to prevention programs. Female students are consistently found to display higher levels of knowledge, attitudes, and behavior before the introduction of a suicide prevention curriculum, and they are more likely to benefit from the curriculum when it is provided. It is concluded that (a) in comparison to males, females appear more sensitive to suicide and its management, and (b) males may require suicide prevention programs that differ from the kind generally provided. It is concluded that prevention programs need to teach males to learn about and respond to a suicidal cry, not to deny it.
‘Without stones there is no arch’: a study of professional development of teacher educators as a team

In this work we study the meaning of professional development as a participative process within a community of practice. In this collaborative narrative self‐study we look at the development of ourselves as a professional group working together in an intensive program. The study is based on personal career stories, each told by its author, but once told becoming a chapter in the group’s story, to be further analyzed and interpreted by its members. This process revealed four themes that contribute to professional learning experiences constructed within the context of being in the team: group diversity, interwoven work, the novice stance and collaborative research. In this paper we discuss our emerging understanding of the significance of the collaborative engagement of teacher educators for the generation of a theory of practice and suggest situating this understanding within a broader ecological perspective using the metaphor of the ‘edge’, a fertile ground for sustainable change and development.