Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Redetermination of 2,2′-bipyridine-1,1′-diium dibromide

In the title molecular salt, C10H10N2 2+·2Br−, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 20.83 (14)° and the N—H groups have a transoid conformaton [N—C—C—N = 158.5 (3)°]. In the crystal, the cations are linked to the anions by two N—H⋯Br and five C—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds, generating corrugated sheets incorporating R 2 1(7), R 4 2(10), R 4 2(11) and two different R 4 2(12) loops. This structure was originally reported by Nakatsu et al. [Acta Cryst (1972), A28, S24], but no atomic coordinates are available.
OF CROSS-CORRELATION AND EUCLIDEAN DISTANCE TARGET MATCHING TECHNIQUES IN THE MPEF ENVIRONMENT

Cross-Correlation and Euclidean Distance are two of the most common statistical techniques used for target matching. Calculation of the Cross-Correlation can be carried out in both the spatial and Fourier domain. Significant performance benefits are achieved by computing the Fourier domain CrossCorrelation using the Mixed Radix Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). This paper provides further results of a comparison of these techniques undertaken in the Meteorological Product Extraction Facility (MPEF) environment, by comparing the displacement vectors derived from pseudo-real imagery data, including analysis of behaviour in different contrast regions. The results show that the two techniques are well matched. In assessing the relative benefits of alternative matching techniques, this paper additionally provides results for the Euclidean Distance method. It includes comparison with Cross-Correlation of the displacement vectors in different contrast regions and analyses where maximum discrepancy is observed between the two methods. The results indicate that differences between the two techniques are more apparent in lower contrast regions.
Functional Genomics Enables Identification of Genes of the Arginine Transaminase Pathway in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

ABSTRACT Arginine utilization in Pseudomonas aeruginosa with multiple catabolic pathways represents one of the best examples of the metabolic versatility of this organism. To identify genes involved in arginine catabolism, we have employed DNA microarrays to analyze the transcriptional profiles of this organism in response to l-arginine. While most of the genes involved in arginine uptake, regulation, and metabolism have been identified as members of the ArgR (arginine-responsive regulatory protein) regulon in our previous study, they did not include any genes of the arginine dehydrogenase (ADH) pathway. In this study, 18 putative transcriptional units of 38 genes, including the two known genes of the ADH pathway, kauB and gbuA, were found to be inducible by exogenous l-arginine in the absence of ArgR. To identify the missing genes that encode enzymes for the initial steps of the ADH pathway, the potential physiological functions of those candidate genes in arginine utilization were studied by growth phenotype analysis of knockout mutants. Expression of these genes was induced by l-arginine in an aruF mutant strain devoid of a functional arginine succinyltransferase pathway, the major route of arginine utilization. Disruption of dadA, a putative catabolic alanine dehydrogenase-encoding gene, in the aruF mutant produced no growth on l-arginine, suggesting the involvement of l-alanine in arginine catabolism. This hypothesis was further supported by the detection of an l-arginine-inducible arginine:pyruvate transaminase activity in the aruF mutant. Knockout of aruH and aruI, which encode an arginine:pyruvate transaminase and a 2-ketoarginine decarboxylase in an operon, also abolished the ability of the aruF mutant to grow on l-arginine. The results of high-performance liquid chromatography analysis demonstrated consumption of 2-ketoarginine and suggested that generation of 4-guanidinobutyraldehyde occurred in the aruF mutant but not in the aruF aruI mutant. These results led us to propose the arginine transaminase pathway that removes the α-amino group of l-arginine via transamination instead of oxidative deamination by dehydrogenase or oxidase as originally proposed. In the same genetic locus, we also identified a two-component system, AruRS, for the regulation of arginine-responsive induction of the arginine transaminase pathway. This work depicted a wider network of arginine metabolism than we previously recognized.
Seventeen and stressed – Do gender and class matter?

Abstract Despite concerns about stress levels in young people, research about stress and stressors among boys and girls that apply an intersectionality approach is scarce. This cross-sectional study explored gender, class (indicated by academic orientation) and multi-group (gender/class) patterning of perceived stress and reported stressors in a sample of 1,663 17-year-old Swedish students. The students, especially girls, were highly stressed. No class differences were found. Performance-related stressors were predominately indicated by students in academic programmes and girls (regardless of class). Looks-related stress was more common among girls than boys, whilst economic and relational stressors were mostly indicated by vocational programme students, particularly girls. There was a complex gender and class patterning of stress due to demands and lack of money. The interplay of gender and class should be acknowledged in identifying determinants of stress in young people. Possible implications for mental health are discussed.
Towards Time-Dependant Recommendation based on Implicit Feedback

Context-aware recommender systems (CARS) aim at improving users’ satisfaction by tailoring recommendations to each particular context. In this work we propose a contextual pre-ltering technique based on implicit user feedback. We introduce a new context-aware recommendation approach called user micro-proling . We split each single user prole into several possibly overlapping sub-proles, each representing users in particular contexts. The predictions are done using these micro-proles instead of a single user model. The users’ taste can depend on the exact partition of the contextual variable. The identication of a meaningful partition of the users’ prole and its evaluation is a non-trivial task, especially when using implicit feedback and a continuous contextual domain. We propose an o-line evaluation procedure for CARS in these conditions and evaluate our approach on a time-aware music recommendation sytem.
Residual pulmonary hypertension after retrograde pulmonary embolectomy: long-term follow-up of 30 patients with massive and submassive pulmonary embolism.

OBJECTIVES Pulmonary hypertension is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients following acute pulmonary embolism. Although thrombolytic therapy decreases pulmonary arterial pressure, compared with anticoagulation alone, it has the propensity for haemorrhagic complications, distal embolization and incomplete recanalization, with the potential risk of late pulmonary hypertension. Surgical embolectomy-once performed solely on critically-ill patients-has now gained favour in a wider range of patients. In this paper we present the outcomes of patients who underwent surgical embolectomy complemented with retrograde technique and follow-up systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (SPAP). METHODS From January 2004 to December 2010, 30 consecutive patients with a mean age of 58±15 years underwent pulmonary embolectomy at our centre. The patients were followed for a mean period of 30.5±12 months. Their New York Heart Association (NYHA) classifications were assessed and their SPAPs were measured by echocardiography. RESULTS The overall mortality rate was 13.2% (4/30). Of the remaining patients, 19 patients (73.1%) were in NYHA classes I and II, 7 patients (26.9%) in class III and no patient in class IV. The patients' preoperative and postoperative mean SPAPs were 44.9±5.7 and 34.9±7.1 mmHg, respectively, which showed a significant reduction (P<0.001). The mean SPAP in the follow-up was 29.4±11.5 mmHg, which again showed significant reduction compared with early postoperation values (P<0.001). No significant correlations were found between the level of SPAP reduction in patients' follow-up with age (P=0.727) and total days of ICU admission (P=0.700), but weak correlations with sex (P=0.016) and total intubation time were noticed (P=0.035). CONCLUSIONS This is the first series reporting the long-term outcome of patients undergoing surgical embolectomy complemented by retrograde embolectomy technique, demonstrating the safety and favourable long-term outcome of this technique. It is also a new element in the growing body of evidence regarding the relevance of surgical embolectomy in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. We concluded that, following surgery, not only does the pulmonary arterial pressure drop immediately, but also the trend toward normalization continues long after operation.
Household Context, Generational Status, and English Proficiency among the Children of African Immigrants in the United States 1

This study examines how household and parental-level determinants affect English proficiency among the children of African immigrants in the United States. Within immigrant families, the study finds that children's level of proficiency has a stronger positive association with the proficiency of their mothers than with that of their fathers. Children's level of English proficiency significantly increases as the number of other English-proficient children within their household increases. These impacts are stronger on the proficiency levels of first compared to second-generation children. Levels of proficiency are, however, lowest among children in families from Portuguese-speaking countries followed by their counterparts in families from countries where indigenous languages and Arabic are dominant. Although proficiency levels generally improve with increasing generational status, these improvements are smallest for children in families from Portuguese-speaking countries. Except for children in families from English-speaking countries, the largest improvements to proficiency with increasing generational status were observed among children in families from indigenous language backgrounds.
Diagnostic potential of acoustic startle reflex, acoustic blink reflex, and electro‐oculography in progressive supranuclear palsy: A prospective study

We carried out a prospective study to analyze the diagnostic potential of acoustic startle reflex (ASR), acoustic blink reflex (ABR) and electro‐oculography (EOG) in early stages of atypical parkinsonian syndrome. The study was carried out in a consecutive series of 41 patients clinically diagnosed as atypical parkinsonism (mean time from first symptoms of 38 months and follow‐up of 26 months). The three procedures were carried out immediately after the first clinical evaluation. ASR and ABR were elicited by auditory stimuli while the patient was attending to a simple reaction time task. Outcome measures were: ASR (absence/presence, latency), ABR (absence/presence, latency) and EOG (suggestive/not suggestive of progressive supranuclear palsy [PSP]). Final clinical diagnosis was carried out by two neurologists blind to the neurophysiological results. A study of diagnostic sensitivity and odds ratio (OR) calculation for the PSP diagnosis was carried out. Neurophysiological examination showed the following sensitivity/specificity (%) for the diagnosis of PSP: ASR: 100/89; ABR 85/89; EOG 100/72. OR values were: ASR: 0.011; ABR: 0.037; EOG: 0.038. The three tests taken simultaneously showed a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 95%. The three neurophysiological tests investigated provided sensitive and specific measures with predictor value in early stages of atypical parkinsonian syndrome. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Loss of Nonhomologous End Joining Confers Camptothecin Resistance in DT40 Cells

DNA topoisomerase I (Top1) generates transient DNA single-strand breaks via the formation of cleavage complexes in which the enzyme is linked to the 3′-phosphate of the cleavage strand. The anticancer drug camptothecin (CPT) poisons Top1 by trapping cleavage complexes, thereby inducing Top1-linked single-strand breaks. Such DNA lesions are converted into DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) upon collision with replication forks, implying that DSB repair pathways could be involved in the processing/repair of Top1-mediated DNA damage. Here we report that Top1-mediated DNA damage is repaired primarily by homologous recombination, a major pathway of DSB repair. Unexpectedly, however, we found that nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), another DSB repair pathway, has no positive role in the relevant repair; notably, DT40 cell mutants lacking either of the NHEJ factors (namely, Ku70, DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, and DNA ligase IV) were resistant to killing by CPT. In addition, we showed that the absence of NHEJ alleviates the requirement of homologous recombination in the repair of CPT-induced DNA damage. Our results indicate that NHEJ can be a cytotoxic pathway in the presence of CPT, shedding new light on the molecular mechanisms for the formation and repair of Top1-mediated DNA damage in vertebrates. Thus, our data have significant implications for cancer chemotherapy involving Top1 inhibitors.
THE OBJECT SORTING TEST AND CONCEPTUAL THINKING IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

Abstract A theory of the physiological processes underlying schizophrenic thinking disturbance is outlined and a system of analysing responses to the Object Sorting Test is developed. A comparison is made between Sorting Test performance and an independent clinical assessment of thinking disturbance in 32 schizophrenic patients. The clinical usefulness of the Object Sorting Test is discussed and experimental tests of hypotheses deriving from the proposed theory of schizophrenic thinking disturbance are suggested.
Membrane-Associated Molecules Guide Limbic and Nonlimbic Thalamocortical Projections

Membrane-associated signals expressed in restricted domains of the developing cerebral cortex may mediate axon target recognition during the establishment of thalamocortical projections, which form in a highly precise manner during development. To test this hypothesis, we first analyzed the outgrowth of thalamic explants from limbic and nonlimbic nuclei on membrane substrates prepared from limbic cortex and neocortex. The results show that different thalamic fiber populations are able to discriminate between membrane substrates prepared from target and nontarget cortical regions. A candidate molecule that could mediate selective choice in the thalamocortical system is the limbic system-associated membrane protein (LAMP), which is an early marker of cortical and subcortical limbic regions (Pimenta et al., 1995) that can promote outgrowth of limbic axons. Limbic thalamic and cortical axons showed preferences for recombinant LAMP (rLAMP) in a stripe assay. Incubation of cortical membranes with an antibody against LAMP prevented the ability of limbic thalamic fibers to distinguish between membranes from limbic cortex and neocortex. Strikingly, nonlimbic thalamic fibers also responded to LAMP, but in contrast to limbic thalamic fibers, rLAMP inhibited branch formation and acted as a repulsive axonal guidance signal for nonlimbic thalamic axons. The present studies indicate that LAMP fulfills a role as a selective guidance cue in the developing thalamocortical system.
Identification of Cpgp40/15 Type Ib as the Predominant Allele in Isolates of Cryptosporidium spp. from a Waterborne Outbreak of Gastroenteritis in South Burgundy, France

ABSTRACT Cryptosporidium sp. isolates from a waterborne outbreak of diarrhea in France were analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing of the Cpgp40/15 locus. Ninety-one percent of the isolates were Cryptosporidium hominis type Ib. The results of this study and those of studies of other outbreaks suggest that the type Ib allele is the predominant allele associated with waterborne cryptosporidiosis.
The Good Behavior Game: A classroom-behavior intervention effective across cultures

Few classroom behavioral interventions have been thoroughly studied using culturally and linguistically diverse populations, international student populations, or those from diverse socio-economic backgrounds. Yet, having such tools for school psychologists and teachers is critical for behavior management in the classroom. One important exception is the Good Behavior Game, which has been extensively studied both in the United States and international settings. Because this intervention is based on well-tested principles of behavior theory, it has proven to be a useful tool across cultural, linguistic, socio-economic traditions, with long lasting positive longitudinal behavior change. This article presents a review of the literature on the Good Behavior Game as it applies to international and diverse student populations.
Development of [11C]erlotinib Positron Emission Tomography for In Vivo Evaluation of EGF Receptor Mutational Status

Purpose: To evaluate whether, in patients with non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), tumor uptake of [11C]erlotinib can be quantified and imaged using positron emission tomography and to assess whether the level of tracer uptake corresponds with the presence of activating tumor EGF receptor (EGFR) mutations. Experimental Design: Ten patients with NSCLCs, five with an EGFR exon 19 deletion, and five without were scanned twice (test retest) on the same day with an interval of at least 4 hours. Each scanning procedure included a low-dose computed tomographic scan, a 10-minute dynamic [15O]H2O scan, and a 1-hour dynamic [11C]erlotinib scan. Data were analyzed using full tracer kinetic modeling. EGFR expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Results: The quantitative measure of [11C]erlotinib uptake, that is, volume of distribution (VT), was significantly higher in tumors with activating mutations, that is, all with exon 19 deletions (median VT, 1.76; range, 1.25–2.93), than in those without activating mutations (median VT, 1.06; range, 0.67–1.22) for both test and retest data (P = 0.014 and P = 0.009, respectively). Good reproducibility of [11C]erlotinib VT was seen (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.88). Intergroup differences in [11C]erlotinib uptake were not correlated with EGFR expression levels, nor tumor blood flow. Conclusion: [11C]erlotinib VT was significantly higher in NSCLCs tumors with EGFR exon 19 deletions. Clin Cancer Res; 19(1); 183–93. ©2012 AACR.
Module Development Through Peer-assisted Student Support: An initial evaluation

The importance of effective module development in terms of content and delivery is becoming increasingly significant within higher education. The majority of evaluation exercises are relatively static and reactive, predominantly utilising standardised evaluation questionnaires. This paper examines the effectiveness of utilising peer-assisted student support, a form of student-centred learning to provide module feedback that cannot be easily identified through traditional methods. Data from meeting logs, observations, interviews and questionnaires demonstrates that student-centred learning feedback can enhance module development, identifying and prompting effective remedial action in shorter timescales. The paper therefore concludes that feedback from student-centred learning initiatives is a viable and dynamic alternative to traditional modes of module development that requires further consideration .
Peer Group Mentoring Programmes in Finnish Higher Education––Mentors’ Perspectives

Peer mentoring is one of the most important guidance practices for first-year students entering higher education and academic life. We are interested in mentors’ roles and apply the ideas of group counseling in order to increase the understanding of peer mentoring. Other aspects of guidance––content, methods, and collaboration––are approached on the basis of the holistic career guidance model. The data were gathered via an online questionnaire (n = 784) from 20 Finnish HE institutions. The results show that peer mentoring is a positive experience. The main emphasis is on the personal, psychosocial aspects of the student’s life. We identified four mentor types based on used activities. The experience of mentoring can vary according to the mentor type.
The Body: Social Process and Cultural Theory

Preface - Mike Featherstone, Mike Hepworth and Bryan S Turner Recent Developments in the Theory of the Body - Bryan S Turner Bringing Bodies Back In - Arthur Frank On Human Beings and Their Emotions - Norbert Elias a Process-Sociological Essay On the Civilizing of Appetite - Stephen Mennell The Discourse of Diet - Bryan S Turner The Body in Consumer Culture - Mike Featherstone The Midlifestyle of 'George and Lynne' - Mike Featherstone and Mike Hepworth Martial Arts as a Resource for Liberal Education - Donald N Levine The Case of Aikido Bio-politics and Social Policy - Martin Hewitt Foucault's Account of Welfare Genealogy and The Body - Scott Lash Foucault/Deleuze/Nietzsche The Art of The Body in The Discourse of Postmodernity - Roy Boyne Love's Labour Lost? A Sociological View - Margareta Bertilsson Biographical Boundaries - Graham McCann Sociology and Marilyn Monroe Carmen - or The Invention of a New Feminine Myth - Dick Pels and Aya Crebas The Mask of Ageing - Mike Featherstone and Mike Hepworth Sociological Discourse and The Body - J M Berthelot
Alva Myrdal: Making the Private Public

Alva Myrdal (1902-86). the Swedish feminist social scientist, is shown here to be a sociologist of honour. Her contribution to sociology is that she analysed the women's perspective of the societal division of labour, and made that private sector an important issue on the public political agenda. If women were to come out as citizens men must play their part in the care work of society and institutions had to be reorganized to accommodate women. men and children. She therefore studied family sociology, sexual politics, education and child care. She also researched peace and conflicts. Her main books are The Crisis in the Population Question (in Swedish with G. Myrdal 1934), Nation and Family (1941), Women's Two Roles (with V. Klein 1956) and The Game of Disarmament (1976).
Toward an empirical conceptualisation of resilience in young adult offenders

As the risk assessment field develops, a growing trend to consider protective factors as well as risk factors of individuals involved with the justice system has emerged. Resilience is one purported protective factor that has been highlighted as being of potential importance. However, conceptualisation of the construct of resilience has been unclear, and little related research has been undertaken with offender populations. This study sought to address these shortcomings by examining a range of factors thought to comprise resilience and determining whether these factors were associated with resilience in a sample of young adult and youth offenders. Initial analyses showed that an absence of a likely mental health diagnosis was the only factor significantly correlated with resilience, with alcohol and/or drug problems and psychopathy approaching statistical significance. Subsequent multivariate analysis found absence of a likely mental health diagnosis to be the only significant contributing factor to resilience, explaining only a small (approximately 6%) amount of total variance, as measured by the Resilience Scale. The results suggest refinement of the resilience construct is necessary, and that risk assessment measures incorporating assessments of resilience may need to reconceptualise and redefine resilience.