Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Docosahexaenoic acid for selective prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder among severely injured patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) might help prevent or attenuate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. We examined the efficacy and safety of DHA for preventing PTSD (DSM-IV) after severe accidental injury. METHOD From December 2008 to August 2013, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 110 accident-injured patients consecutively admitted to an intensive care unit of the National Disaster Medical Center in Tokyo, Japan. All patients were taught about their psychological reactions to accidental injury for 20 minutes and were randomly assigned to receive 1,470 mg/d of DHA plus 147 mg/d of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; n = 53) or placebo (n = 57) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was total score on the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) at 3-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes included PTSD diagnosis (full-blown or partial PTSD). Adherence to the interventions was assessed by erythrocyte fatty acid composition. RESULTS At 3 months, the CAPS total score revealed no differences between the 2 groups (10.78 in the DHA group vs 9.22 in the placebo group; n = 100; P = .572). We found that 11.1% of the DHA group and 5.5% of the placebo group developed PTSD. The erythrocyte level of DHA and EPA in the DHA group was significantly elevated compared to the placebo group (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation was not superior to placebo for the secondary prevention of PTSD symptoms at 3 months after severe accidental injury. The efficacy of a different ratio of DHA and EPA and higher doses of omega-3 fatty acids as secondary prevention of PTSD remains to be determined. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00671099.
Programmable Agents

We build deep RL agents that execute declarative programs expressed in formal language. The agents learn to ground the terms in this language in their environment, and can generalize their behavior at test time to execute new programs that refer to objects that were not referenced during training. The agents develop disentangled interpretable representations that allow them to generalize to a wide variety of zero-shot semantic tasks.
Investigation of Luminescence Properties of Lu$_{2}$SiO$_{5}$:Ce (LSO) Powder Scintillator in the X-Ray Radiography Energy Range

This paper investigates the light emission efficiency of Lu2SiO5:Ce (LSO) powder scintillator under conditions employed in projection X-ray imaging. Although single-crystal LSO has been thoroughly studied in medical imaging energies, the efficiency of powder LSO has not been previously investigated experimentally under X-ray medical radiography conditions. For this purpose, three scintillating screens with a coating thickness of 63.4, 108.4, and 172.5 mg/cm2 were prepared by sedimentation of LSO powder. Measurements of luminescence efficiency (emitted light energy flux over incident X-ray energy flux) were performed in the radiographic X-ray tube voltages range (40-140 kVp). Parameters related to X-ray detection, i.e., quantum detection efficiency, energy absorption efficiency and probability of K-fluorescence reabsorption were calculated. A theoretical model, describing radiation and light transfer, was employed to fit luminescence experimental data and to estimate values of the intrinsic conversion efficiency and of the light attenuation coefficients of the scintillating screens. The spectral compatibility of the LSO powder scintillator to various optical detectors used in digital radiography was also determined by performing light emission spectrum measurements and by taking into account the spectral sensitivity of electronic optical detectors. Maximum values of LSO luminescence efficiency were observed within the range from 40 to 60 kVp. The 172.5 mg/cm2 thick screen was found more efficient than the two thinner screens examined in our experiments. The intrinsic conversion efficiency of LSO (0.10) was found close to that of currently employed phosphors. Spectral compatibility data of LSO screens indicates that LSO may be efficiently coupled to optical detectors used in digital radiography imaging systems.
Ca2+‐activated non‐selective cation current in rabbit ventricular myocytes

Oscillatory currents (OCs) were studied in isolated rabbit ventricular myocytes with whole cell mode voltage clamp using Na+‐free intracellular and extracellular solutions under conditions where K+ currents were anticipated to be eliminated or minimized. All OCs were dependent on release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) because they were associated with intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) transients, and were suppressed by high concentrations of BAPTA (20 mmol l−1) or pretreatment with the SR antagonist agents ryanodine (10 μmol l−1) or thapsigargin (1 μmol l−1). The reversal potential (Vrev) for OCs shifted with changes in the calculated Vrev for Cl− (ECl) but was between ECl and the calculated Vrev for elemental monovalent cations (ECat), indicating that more than one Ca2+‐activated current contributed to OCs. Addition of the Ca2+‐activated Cl− current (ICl(Ca)) antagonist, niflumic acid, shifted the OC Vrev to ECat, suggesting that ICl(Ca) and a Ca2+‐activated non‐selective cation current (ICAN) contributed to the observed OCs. A reduced niflumic acid‐insensitive Ca2+‐activated OC persisted following marked symmetrical reduction of Cl− in the intracellular and extracellular solutions. Subsequent removal of all extracellular monovalent cations, by N‐methyl‐D‐glucamine (NMDG) substitution, eliminated OCs and the inward holding current suggesting that ICAN and ICl(Ca) accounted for all or most of the Ca2+‐activated OC in the absence of Na+. The OC Vrev was equal to ECl in the absence of monovalent elemental cations. Under these conditions niflumic acid eliminated all OCs. Macroscopic OC is partially due to ICAN in rabbit ventricular myocytes.
XML stream processing using tree-edit distance embeddings

We propose the first known solution to the problem of correlating, in small space, continuous streams of XML data through approximate (structure and content) matching, as defined by a general tree-edit distance metric. The key element of our solution is a novel algorithm for obliviously embedding tree-edit distance metrics into an L1 vector space while guaranteeing a (worst-case) upper bound of O(log2n log*n) on the distance distortion between any data trees with at most n nodes. We demonstrate how our embedding algorithm can be applied in conjunction with known random sketching techniques to (1) build a compact synopsis of a massive, streaming XML data tree that can be used as a concise surrogate for the full tree in approximate tree-edit distance computations; and (2) approximate the result of tree-edit-distance similarity joins over continuous XML document streams. Experimental results from an empirical study with both synthetic and real-life XML data trees validate our approach, demonstrating that the average-case behavior of our embedding techniques is much better than what would be predicted from our theoretical worst-case distortion bounds. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first algorithmic results on low-distortion embeddings for tree-edit distance metrics, and on correlating (e.g., through similarity joins) XML data in the streaming model.
Effect of repeated IOP challenge on rat retinal function.

PURPOSE To characterize the effect of repeated brief intraocular pressure (IOP) elevations and the effect of IOP fluctuation on retinal function. METHODS The effects of one, two, and four episodes (70 mm Hg, 15 minutes) are compared by defining the time course of functional recovery after insults. The effect of IOP variation is considered by comparing a constant with a varying insult, keeping a common IOP-time integral (one 60-minute vs. two 30-minute vs. four 15-minute insults; 70 mm Hg). IOP elevation is induced by anterior chamber cannulation in anesthetized, dark-adapted rats (n = 5-7 per group). Electroretinograms are recorded every 6 minutes throughout each event. Recovery time course is modeled using a logistic function, and time for 50% recovery is compared by nonparametric bootstrap. RESULTS Electroretinographic recovery becomes progressively slower with more IOP episodes for bipolar cell and ganglion cell response (P < 0.05) but not for photoreceptor response (P > 0.05). With regard to IOP variation, bipolar cell recovery after four 15-minute insults is faster than it is after two 30-minute insults (P < 0.05), which is faster than after one 60-minute insult (P < 0.05). Ganglion cell recovery after varying (four 15-minute and two 30-minute) insults is faster than after a constant (one 60-minute) insult (P < 0.05). This improved recovery with varying IOP challenge is greater for bipolar cell than for ganglion cell responses (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Repeated IOP insults lead to cumulative dysfunction in the inner retina. For the conditions used in this study, IOP variation per se is not detrimental but appears to be beneficial.
Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems Designed to Improve Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapy

Recent studies have demonstrated great therapeutic potential of educating and unleashing our own immune system for cancer treatment. However, there are still major challenges in cancer immunotherapy, including poor immunogenicity of cancer vaccines, off-target side effects of immunotherapeutics, as well as suboptimal outcomes of adoptive T cell transfer-based therapies. Nanomaterials with defined physico-biochemical properties are versatile drug delivery platforms that may address these key technical challenges facing cancer vaccines and immunotherapy. Nanoparticle systems have been shown to improve targeted delivery of tumor antigens and therapeutics against immune checkpoint molecules, amplify immune activation via the use of new stimuli-responsive or immunostimulatory materials, and augment the efficacy of adoptive cell therapies. Here, we review the current state-of-the-art in nanoparticle-based strategies designed to potentiate cancer immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines with subunit antigens (e.g., oncoproteins, mutated neo-antigens, DNA and mRNA antigens) and whole-cell tumor antigens, dendritic cell-based vaccines, artificial antigen-presenting cells, and immunotherapeutics based on immunogenic cell death, immune checkpoint blockade, and adoptive T-cell therapy.
Buffered Steiner tree construction with wire sizing for interconnect layout optimization

This paper presents an efficient algorithm for buffered Steiner tree construction with wire sizing. Given a source and n sinks of a signal net, with given positions and a required arrival time associated with each sink, the algorithm finds a Steiner tree with buffer insertion and wire sizing so that the required arrival time (or timing slack) at the source is maximized. The unique contribution of our algorithm is that it performs Steiner tree construction buffer insertion, and wire sizing simultaneously with consideration of both critical delay and total capacitance minimization by combining the performance-driven A-tree construction and dynamic programming based buffer insertion and wire sizing, while tree construction and the other delay minimization techniques were carried out independently in the past. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our approach.
Distribution and compositional variations of plasma ions in Mercury's space environment: The first three Mercury years of MESSENGER observations

We have analyzed measurements of planetary ions near Mercury made by the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) Fast Imaging Plasma Spectrometer (FIPS) over the first three Mercury years of orbital observations (25 March 2011 through 31 December 2011). We determined the composition and spatial distributions of the most abundant species in the regions sampled by the MESSENGER spacecraft during that period. In particular, we here focus on altitude dependence and relative abundances of species in a variety of spatial domains. We used observed density as a proxy for ambient plasma density, because of limitations to the FIPS field of view. We find that the average observed density is 3.9 × 10–2 cm–3 for He2+, 3.4 × 10–4 cm–3 for He+, 8.0 × 10–4 cm–3 for O+‐group ions, and 5.1 × 10–3 cm–3 for Na+‐group ions. Na+‐group ions are particularly enhanced over other planetary ions (He+ and O+ group) in the northern magnetospheric cusp (by a factor of ~2.0) and in the premidnight sector on the nightside (by a factor of ~1.6). Within 30° of the equator, the average densities of all planetary ions are depressed at the subsolar point relative to the dawn and dusk terminators. The effect is largest for Na+‐group ions, which are 49% lower in density at the subsolar point than at the terminators. This depression could be an effect of the FIPS energy threshold. The three planetary ion species considered show distinct dependences on altitude and local time. The Na+ group has the smallest e‐folding height at all dayside local times, whereas He+ has the largest. At the subsolar point, the e‐folding height for Na+‐group ions is 590 km, and that for the O+ group and He+ is 1100 km. On the nightside and within 750 km of the geographic equator, Na+‐group ions are enhanced in the premidnight sector. This enhancement is consistent with nonadiabatic motion and may be observational evidence that nonadiabatic effects are important in Mercury's magnetosphere.
Scaling of Folding Properties in Simple Models of Proteins

Scaling of folding properties of proteins is studied in a toy system — the lattice Go model with various two- and three-dimensional geometries of the maximally compact native states. Characteristic folding times grow as power laws with the system size. The corresponding exponents are not universal. Scaling of the thermodynamic stability also indicates size-related deterioration of the folding properties.
A server for automated performance analysis of benchmarking data

As part of Performance World, we describe an automation server (PAVER: http://www.gamsworld.org/performance/paver ) to help facilitate reproducible performance analysis of benchmarking data for optimization software. Although PAVER does not solve optimization problems, it automates the task of performance data analysis and visualization, taking into account various performance metrics. These include not only robustness and efficiency, but also quality of solution. This paper discusses the tools and the performance metrics used, as well as the design of the server. We give examples of performance data analysis using an instance of the COPS test case for nonlinear programming to illustrate the features of the server.
Prediction of PKCθ Inhibitory Activity Using the Random Forest Algorithm

This work is devoted to the prediction of a series of 208 structurally diverse PKCθ inhibitors using the Random Forest (RF) based on the Mold2 molecular descriptors. The RF model was established and identified as a robust predictor of the experimental pIC50 values, producing good external R2pred of 0.72, a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 0.45, for an external prediction set of 51 inhibitors which were not used in the development of QSAR models. By using the RF built-in measure of the relative importance of the descriptors, an important predictor—the number of group donor atoms for H-bonds (with N and O)—has been identified to play a crucial role in PKCθ inhibitory activity. We hope that the developed RF model will be helpful in the screening and prediction of novel unknown PKCθ inhibitory activity.
Lived Experience of Survivors of Leukemia or Malignant Lymphoma

Individuals (n = 18) in remission from acute leukemia or highly malignant lymphoma were asked to narrate their lived experience of falling ill, of being under treatment, and life following this event. The transcribed texts were analyzed from a phenomenological-hermeneutic perspective, expanded by their medical and social history as related in interviews. The analysis revealed 3 themes: (I) Believed in life, fought for it and came through stronger; (II) Life went on, adapted and found a balance in the new life; (III) Life was over, felt out of control and lost belief in life. Participants in the first 2 groups viewed their quality of life as improved and stated that the struggle had been meaningful and that the experience had made them grow, as a person, related to the experience of gaining new insight or strength. The third group of survivors viewed their quality of life as worse. They found no meaning in their experience and evaluated the situation with bitterness. Thus the core of living through having acute leukemia or highly malignant lymphoma seemed to be to find meaning with it and the profound crisis it meant to them. To help people retell their experiences may be one way of processing this life-threatening disease and treatment and may be one way to developing a sense of meaning and to regain balance in life.
Transient Thermal Performance of IGBT Power Modules Attached by Low-Temperature Sintered Nanosilver

Recently, to accurately study the transient thermal behavior of power modules, a transient thermal measurement system was developed to investigate the transient thermal behavior of insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules attached by nanosilver paste and two kinds of lead-free solders. We found that the transient thermal impedance of IGBT modules attached by nanosilver paste was 9% lower than that of the modules using SAC305 and SN100C with 40-ms heating pulse. In addition, finite-element analysis is employed to simulate thermal performance of the IGBT devices. The simulation shows that the transient thermal impedance of IGBT modules attached by nanosilver paste was also lower than that of the modules using lead-free solders. A convenient way was introduced to well predict the transient thermal behavior of IGBT power module. The calculated results agreed well with the measured one. The interface thermal impedance of sintered nanosilver and SNC100C are calculated to be 0.011 ~ 0.031 K/W and 0.022 ~ 0.042 K/W, respectively.
Towards Transparent AI Systems: Interpreting Visual Question Answering Models

Deep neural networks have shown striking progress and obtained state-of-the-art results in many AI research fields in the recent years. However, it is often unsatisfying to not know why they predict what they do. In this paper, we address the problem of interpreting Visual Question Answering (VQA) models. Specifically, we are interested in finding what part of the input (pixels in images or words in questions) the VQA model focuses on while answering the question. To tackle this problem, we use two visualization techniques -- guided backpropagation and occlusion -- to find important words in the question and important regions in the image. We then present qualitative and quantitative analyses of these importance maps. We found that even without explicit attention mechanisms, VQA models may sometimes be implicitly attending to relevant regions in the image, and often to appropriate words in the question.
Tracking Code Clones in Evolving Software

Code clones are generally considered harmful in software development, and the predominant approach is to try to eliminate them through refactoring. However, recent research has provided evidence that it may not always be practical, feasible, or cost-effective to eliminate certain clone groups. We propose a technique for tracking clones in evolving software. Our technique relies on the concept of abstract clone region descriptors (CRD), which describe clone regions within methods in a robust way that is independent from the exact text of the clone region or its location in a file. We present our definition of CRDs, and describe a complete clone tracking system capable of producing CRDs from the output of a clone detection tool, notify developers of modifications to clone regions, and support the simultaneous editing of clone regions. We report on two experiments and a case study conducted to assess the performance and usefulness of our approach.
College Students Define Binge Drinking and Estimate Its Prevalence: Results of a National Survey

Abstract Data from the 1999 College Alcohol Study were used to examine how students define the term binge drinking, to determine how much binge drinking the students think exists on their campuses, and to analyze how students' estimates compare with aggregated self-reports of student drinking. The findings indicate that the median of the students' definitions of binge drinking is 6 drinks in a row for men and 5 for women, 1 drink higher than the definition used by researchers. Students' definitions of binge drinking vary with their own drinking levels, suggesting that dissenting views of the research definition may represent voices of the heaviest drinkers. At the median, students estimated that 35% of all students were binge drinkers. Half (47%) of the students underestimated the binge drinking rate at their school, 29% over-estimated it, and 13% were accurate. Although programs designed to reduce the frequency or prevalence of binge drinking by emphasizing healthier norms would be most useful in addressing binge drinkers who overestimate drinking norms, this group includes only 13% of college students.
The potential clinical impact of the release of two drafts of the human proteome

The authors have carried out an investigation of the two “draft maps of the human proteome” published in 2014 in Nature. The findings include an abundance of poor spectra, low-scoring peptide-spectrum matches and incorrectly identified proteins in both these studies, highlighting clear issues with the application of false discovery rates. This noise means that the claims made by the two papers – the identification of high numbers of protein coding genes, the detection of novel coding regions and the draft tissue maps themselves – should be treated with considerable caution. The authors recommend that clinicians and researchers do not use the unfiltered data from these studies. Despite this these studies will inspire further investigation into tissue-based proteomics. As long as this future work has proper quality controls, it could help produce a consensus map of the human proteome and improve our understanding of the processes that underlie health and disease.