Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Academic Integrity and Distance Learning

The latest trend in academia has been the rapid and large growth of online or distance learning courses. There are numerous benefits both for students as well as for the institutions. Despite the increasing reliance on this pedagogy, little research attention has focused on the potential for academic dishonesty. This study surveyed 1,262 students at a large, state‐funded university and examined the prevalence of cheating in traditional lecture courses and online courses. The findings indicate that cheating was much more prevalent in online classes compared to traditional lecture courses. Moreover, results showed significant differences based on a number of demographic variables. The paper concludes with a discussion of policy suggestions and research recommendations. *The author is grateful to Eugene Paoline for his reading and reflective comments, to Jessica Stern for assistance and data entry, and for the constructive comments of two peer reviewers.
Nationalism and Modernism

Preface. Introduction. The Modernist Paradigm 1. The Rise of Classical Modernism Part I. Varieties of Modernism 2. The Culture of Industrialism 3. Capitalism and Nationalism 4. State and Nation 5. Political Messianism 6. Invention and Imagination Part II. Critics and Alternatives 7. Primordialism and Perennialism 8. Ethno-symbolism 9. Beyond Modernism? Conclusion Problems, Paradigms and Prospects
Decolonial pedagogies walking and asking. Notes to Paulo Freire from AbyaYala

Pedagogy—critical, political, insurgent, decolonizing, transformative pedagogy— has long been a defining force of my praxis as a militant intellectual, activist and educator. It is hard to say exactly when and where all this began. Was it in my early years of revolutionary activism, in my beginning years as a radical teacher in alternative schools, in the work with collectives struggling for racial, social, cultural and linguistic justice, in the experiences of popular education, or in other political moments and in all of this together combined? Certainly central was the time in the 1980s spent alongside Paulo Freire. Through an agreement made with Harvard University where Paulo, still in exile, had been invited for a three-year period, we were able to negotiate Paulo’s presence for a semester a year at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, where I was at the time. Over this period, I had the privilege of co-facilitating university seminars with Paulo and working together with him in the popular education spaces of the region’s Puerto Rican community. He was my teacher, my colleague, a compañero in struggle and friend. In 1986, several of us organized the First Working Conference on Critical Pedagogy at UMASS; Paulo, Myles Horton, Maxine Greene, Meyer Weinberg, Stanley Aronowitz, Henry Giroux, Peter McLaren, Ira Shor, Peter Park, Madeleine Grumet and many others including collectives of activists, educators, feminists, cultural workers and others from throughout the US and Canada, came together to debate, discuss and share perspectives, postures and experiences of transformative pedagogy and social struggle and/as praxis. Paulo’s thought, writings and dialogical presence served as the guiding force in what then began to be positioned as ‘critical pedagogy’, a movement of sorts with which I identified until my permanent move to Ecuador in the mid 90s.
Examination of Influenza Specific T Cell Responses after Influenza Virus Challenge in Individuals Vaccinated with MVA-NP+M1 Vaccine

Current influenza vaccines stimulate neutralising antibody to the haemagglutinin antigen but as there is antigenic drift in HA it is difficult to prepare a vaccine in advance against an emergent strain. A potential strategy is to induce CD8+ and CD4+ T cells that recognize epitopes within internal proteins that are less subject to antigenic drift. Augmenting humoral responses to HA with T cell responses to more conserved antigens may result in a more broadly protective vaccine. In this study, we evaluate the quality of influenza specific T cell responses in a clinical trial using MVA-NP+M1 vaccination followed by influenza virus challenge. In vaccinated volunteers, the expression of Granzyme A, Perforin and CD57 on influenza HLA A*02 M158–66 antigen specific cells was higher than non-vaccinated volunteers before and after challenge despite a similar frequency of antigen specific cells. BCL2 expression was lower in vaccinated volunteers. These data indicate that antigen specific T cells are a useful additional measure for use in human vaccination or immunization studies.
Myelin water measurement in the spinal cord

The desire to monitor the spatial–temporal characteristics of myelination in the spinal cord (SC), in the context of pathological change in demyelinating diseases or proposed neuroregenerative protocols, has led to an interest in noninvasive image‐based myelin measurement methods. We present one strategy: a magnetic resonance‐based measure that capitalizes on the characteristics of T2 relaxation of water compartmentalized within tissue. In this study, 32‐echo relaxation studies for measuring the myelin water fraction (MWF) were applied in healthy control SC in vivo using a sagittal inversion recovery multiecho sequence, and findings were supported with supplemental studies in bovine SC samples in vitro. Mean human MWF varied according the level of the SC examined: cervical, thoracic, and lumbar MWF was found to be 21.8 (SD = 2.1)%, 24.3 (3.6)%, and 11.4 (6.4)%, respectively. Noteworthy reductions were observed in areas consistent with the expected locations of the cervical and lumbar enlargements. Average bovine MWF was 30.0 (2.7)% in white matter and 8.2 (0.4)% in gray matter. The potential applications of T2 measurement in SC, both in characterizing disease processes like multiple sclerosis and in monitoring neuroregenerative therapies, should encourage future research in this area. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of current anxiety disorders in people with bipolar disorder during euthymia: a meta-analysis

Background Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent in people with bipolar disorder, but it is not clear how many have anxiety disorders even at times when they are free of major mood episodes. We aimed to establish what proportion of euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder meet diagnostic criteria for anxiety disorders. Method We performed a random-effects meta-analysis of prevalence rates of current DSM-III- and DSM-IV-defined anxiety disorders (panic disorder, agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, obsessive–compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and anxiety disorder not otherwise specified) in euthymic adults with bipolar disorder in studies published by 31 December 2015. Results Across 10 samples with 2120 individuals with bipolar disorder, 34.7% met diagnostic criteria for one or more anxiety disorders during euthymia [95% confidence interval (CI) 23.9–45.5%]. Direct comparison of 189 euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder and 17 109 population controls across three studies showed a 4.6-fold increase (risk ratio 4.60, 95% CI 2.37–8.92, p < 0.001) in prevalence of anxiety disorders in those with bipolar disorder. Conclusions These findings suggest that anxiety disorders are common in people with bipolar disorder even when their mood is adequately controlled. Euthymic people with bipolar disorder should be routinely assessed for anxiety disorders and anxiety-focused treatment should be initiated if indicated.
Designing effective interventions for working parents: a web‐based survey of parents in the UK workforce

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine working parents' experiences and attitudes and to determine if these differ according to gender. Three areas were investigated: level of reported difficulties in parenting and balancing work and family; parental perceptions about the workplace as a context for the delivery of parenting support; and employee preferences for intervention features.Design/methodology/approach – In total, 721 employed parents in the UK were recruited via their organisation and completed a web‐based survey.Findings – A total of 41 percent of parents reported their children had significant behaviour problems and 85 percent stated that worksite parenting interventions should be made available. A clear preference was found for evidence‐based interventions delivered by trained practitioners. The vast majority of men (86 percent) and women (90 percent) reported they would attend a workplace parenting intervention if one were available.Originality/value – The need to tailor programmes.
Shell Filling and Spin Effects in a Few Electron Quantum Dot.

We study atomiclike properties of artificial atoms by measuring Coulomb oscillations in vertical quantum dots containing a tunable number of electrons starting from zero. At zero magnetic field the energy needed to add electrons to a dot reveals a shell structure for a two-dimensional harmonic potential. As a function of magnetic field the current peaks shift in pairs, due to the filling of electrons into spin-degenerate single-particle states. When the magnetic field is sufficiently small, however, the pairing is modified, as predicted by Hund’s rule, to favor the filling of parallel spins. [S00319007(96)01418-4]
Lidocaine may contribute to general anesthesia by different mechanisms in mammalian central nervous system

Background: Systemic administration of local anesthetics can produce systemic actions, but the details of these actions and mechanisms are still unclear. We evaluated the systemic actions of three local anesthetics and their underlying mechanisms in this study. Methods: Lidocaine, bupivacaine and ropivacaine were injected into C57BL/6 mice through tail vein, alone or together with hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels blocker ZD 7288 or N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor blocker MK-801, and hypnotic actions of these local anesthetics, were evaluated by the length of loss of righting reflex (LORR). Results: All of these three local anesthetics directly produced hypnotic actions with half effective dose (ED50) of 19.0±2.4, 4.3±0.2 and 4.2±0.4 mg/kg. The effects of lidocaine on LORR were enhanced by ZD 7288, ED50 from 19.0±2.4 mg/kg to 14.1±1.0 mg/ kg (P<0.01) or to 13.1±0.8 mg/kg (P<0.01) by MK-801, respectively. The effects of ropivacaine on LORR were weakened by ZD 7288 or MK-801, with ED50 from 4.2±0.4 mg/kg to 6.9±0.3 mg/kg (P<0.01) or to 6.7±0.2 mg/ kg (P<0.01). ZD 7288 could weaken the effects of bupivacaine on LORR with ED50 from 4.3±0.2 mg/kg to 5.6±0.4 mg/kg (P<0.01), while MK-801 had no influence on it with ED50 from 4.3±0.2 mg/kg to 4.5±0.5 mg/kg (P>0.05). Conclusion: HCN channels and NMDA receptor may play an important role in the systemic actions of local anesthetics. The mechanisms of effects of lidocaine on the mammalian central nervous system may be different from those of bupivacaine and ropivacaine.
Implementing Dialogic Reading with Culturally, Linguistically Diverse Preschool Children.

The purpose of this research-to-practice article is to describe dialogic reading (DR) as a professional development intervention that took place in a state-funded public universal prekindergarten program, partnering with a university. Our goals were to use a research-based literacy program to measure child outcomes related to vocabulary development in English and Spanish. Through our professional development, faculty at our university provided in-service workshops, consultations, and reflections within community of practice meetings. Children varied in their home language experiences and we used a few data sources to provide insights about children's home language abilities. We categorized children's language exposure as English only, bilingual, and Spanish dominant. Teachers’ fidelity of implementation of weekly DR lessons learned during in-service training was monitored by university faculty. Practical implications of the findings to replicate this research with diverse populations are provided for earl.
The impact of a values education programme for adolescent Romanies in Spain on their feelings of self‐realisation

This study analysed the effects a values education programme can have on the feelings of self‐realisation, self‐concept and self‐esteem of Romany adolescents in southern Spain. To do this, an experimental group received a values education intervention but a control group did not. The intervention programme was adapted to the Romany culture. The self‐realisation, self‐concept and self‐esteem of both groups were evaluated using the Self‐Concept and Realisation Questionnaire. Statistical analyses showed the existence of significant differences between the experimental and control groups on the variables studied. Based on the results, we suggest that a values education programme like this, that has been culturally adapted, can make a positive impact on the self‐realisation of young people from a marginalised community.
Facilitating and inhibiting effects of job control and social support on stress outcomes and role behavior: a contingency model

High levels of job control and social support are often related to effective job performance and coping with work stressors. However, support may have more positive effects on role behavior when job control is low. In addition, despite theoretical expectations, simple demands–control and demands–support interactions are infrequently found to predict health and psychological strain outcomes. The ‘demands–control–support’ model (Johnson and Hall, 1988) of stress coping integrates these ‘stress buffering’ and ‘decision latitude’ models and observes more consistent findings. This model posits that social support buffers the adverse effects of high demand, low control jobs. However, explicit tests of the interaction of these variables suggest that control can have positive or negative effects on strain, depending on the level of social support. In this study, supervisor consideration was positively related to subordinate job performance, extra-role behavior, and in-role prosocial behavior (conscientiousness) among subordinates perceiving low job control. The relationship between consideration and performance and extra-role behavior was negative among high control subordinates. The demands×control×support interaction predicted health symptoms, organizational commitment, supervisor satisfaction, and absence due to illness, but the interaction plots do not support the prevailing perspective that support buffers the effects of ‘high strain’ (i.e. low control, high demand) jobs. Patterns were similar for different demands and different social support loci (i.e. supervisor, co-workers). An alternative theoretical process of the demands–control–support interaction is proffered, and implications for organizational intervention are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simple Sari Cloth Filtration of Water Is Sustainable and Continues To Protect Villagers from Cholera in Matlab, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT A simple method for filtering water to reduce the incidence of cholera was tested in a field trial in Matlab, Bangladesh, and proved effective. A follow-up study was conducted 5 years later to determine whether the filtration method continued to be employed by villagers and its impact on the incidence of cholera. A total of 7,233 village women collecting water daily for their households in Bangladesh were selected from the same study population of the original field trial for interviewing. Analysis of the data showed that 31% of the women used a filter of which 60% used sari filters for household water. Results showed that sari filtration not only was accepted and sustained by the villagers and benefited them, including their neighbors not filtering water, in reducing the incidence of cholera, the latter being an unexpected benefit. IMPORTANCE A simple method for filtering pond and river water to reduce the incidence of cholera, field tested in Matlab, Bangladesh, proved effective in reducing the incidence of cholera by 48%. A follow-up study conducted 5 years later showed that 31% of the village women continued to filter water for their households, with both an expected and an unexpected benefit that filtration had both a direct and indirect effect in reducing cholera (chi-square statistic of 1,591.94; P = <0.0001). Results of the study showed that the practice of filtration not only was accepted and sustained by the villagers but also benefited those who filtered their water as well as neighbors not filtering water for household use in reducing the incidence of cholera. A simple method for filtering pond and river water to reduce the incidence of cholera, field tested in Matlab, Bangladesh, proved effective in reducing the incidence of cholera by 48%. A follow-up study conducted 5 years later showed that 31% of the village women continued to filter water for their households, with both an expected and an unexpected benefit that filtration had both a direct and indirect effect in reducing cholera (chi-square statistic of 1,591.94; P = <0.0001). Results of the study showed that the practice of filtration not only was accepted and sustained by the villagers but also benefited those who filtered their water as well as neighbors not filtering water for household use in reducing the incidence of cholera.
Tourist Motivation with Sun and Sand Destinations: Satisfaction and the Wom-Effect

ABSTRACT To study the tourist consumption process, the present work suggests a new conceptual framework of tourist motivation. This framework for tourist motivation proposes causal relationships for important constructs in the consumption process: between motivations to travel, tourists' satisfaction, and intentions to communicate with others by word-of-mouth (WOM). A review of current tourism and marketing literature suggests two body-related dimensions (i.e., sun and warmth, fitness and health) and two mind-related dimensions (i.e., culture and nature, escapism). The study tests an instrument to measure the dimensions of tourist motivation. A research model investigates the relevant relationships among the constructs and uses a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Analysis of 1,222 outbound charter tourists from Norway tests the model. The results confirm that body and mind are useful as a framework to assess tourist motivations. People have many motives for visiting sun and sand destinations. Satisfaction was, as expected, found to impact WOM. However, only mind-related motives affect satisfaction with the destination, and tourists prefer to talk about culture and nature motivations, in particular, to others. These findings are of great importance due to the great influence of WOM in tourism marketing. The findings point to the importance of recognizing the differences in tourist motivation for traveling and what tourists are inclined to tell others when arriving back home.
Deduplicating a places database

We consider the problem of resolving duplicates in a database of places, where a place is defined as any entity that has a name and a physical location. When other auxiliary attributes like phone and full address are not available, deduplication based solely on names and approximate location becomes an exceptionally challenging problem that requires both domain knowledge as well an local geographical knowledge. For example, the pairs "Newpark Mall Gap Outlet" and "Newpark Mall Sears Outlet" have a high string similarity, but determining that they are different requires the domain knowledge that they represent two different store names in the same mall. Similarly, in most parts of the world, a local business called "Central Park Cafe" might simply be referred to by "Central Park", except in New York, where the keyword "Cafe" in the name becomes important to differentiate it from the famous park in the city. In this paper, we present a language model that can encapsulate both domain knowledge as well as local geographical knowledge. We also present unsupervised techniques that can learn such a model from a database of places. Finally, we present deduplication techniques based on such a model, and we demonstrate, using real datasets, that our techniques are much more effective than simple TF-IDF based models in resolving duplicates. Our techniques are used in production at Facebook for deduplicating the Places database.
Building a successful Olympic team selection protocol in women’s handball: a case study examining the benefits of employing reflective practice

The sharing of applied practice offered in the current paper affords an opportunity to view how the use of reflective practice can serve as a problem-solving catalyst to a variety of issues raised during support provided to GB women’s handball within an Olympic setting. The first author was faced with a number of scenarios during her applied experiences with this team, and made use of reflective practice (RP) at various points during the support process to help make crucial decisions about what actions to take regarding her involvement in, and support with, team selection. The main scenario presented focuses on the request for the practitioner to advise on the development of an Olympic team selection protocol. The current paper presents how RP was used as a mechanism for supporting the final decisions about how best to design and execute this very sensitive process, resulting in the development of an effective protocol for Olympic team selection. The paper aims to highlight how RP can be used as a tool for practitioners to problem-solve and make sense of the information provided to them when supporting athletes in the field.
Inter-annotator Agreement for a German Newspaper Corpus

This paper presents the results of an investigation on inter-annotator agreement for the NEGRA corpus, consisting of German newspaper texts. The corpus is syntactically annotated with part-of-speech and structural information. Agreement for part-of-speech is 98.6%, the labeled F-score for structures is 92.4%. The two annotations are used to create a common final version by discussing differences and by several iterations of cleaning. Initial and final versions are compared. We identify categories causing large numbers of differences and categories that are handled inconsistently.
Candidate Perception in an Ambiguous World: Campaigns, Cues, and Inference Processes

Much theory and research shows that information about candidates' issue positions is often difficult for members of the public to obtain: candidates typically do not go out of their way to make their positions clear; the media devote little time to covering candidates' stands on the issues; and many voters have little interest or motivation to search out information about the candidates' positions. Despite this, by election day a substantial number of voters are willing to identify the issue positions of the candidates, and these perceived positions are often good predictors of vote choice. In this paper we consider the question of how voters perceive candidates' issue positions given limited information and high information costs. Our model posits that voters use previously acquired information to infer where candidates stand on the issues. In addition, characteristics of the candidates serve as cues that allow voters to make inferences from specific categories of people and politicians. Our analysis of panel data from the 1976 presidential election demonstrates the influence of these cues in the perception of the candidates and the role of the campaign in structuring the cues that voters use.