Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF DRYING TEMPERATURE ON FUNCTIONAL AND DIGESTIVE PROPERTIES OF SWEET POTATO FLOUR

Proper drying of food products helps in extending shelf life and either maintaining or improving their quality. In this study, the effect of hot air drying temperature (at 55, 70 and 85C) in comparison to freeze drying on the functional and digestive properties of flours from sweet potato roots with orange flesh (OFSP) and purple flesh (PFSP) were investigated. The proximate compositions and amylose content (AC) were also analyzed. Results showed that flours obtained from hot air dried sweet potatoes had higher AC (12.36 to 18.95%db for OFSP and 16.45 to 19.31%db for PFSP) than that from freeze dried ones (11.44%db for OFSP and 13.09%db for PFSP). Drying possibly modified the structure of starch granules and consequently changes in pasting viscosity based on Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA). Overall pasting viscosities ranges include Peak viscosity (PV) 831.33 (freeze OFSP) to 2996 (85 PFSP), Trough viscosity (TV) 124.67 (55 OFSP) to 1398 (85 PFSP), Breakdown viscosity (BDV) 476.33 (freeze OFSP) to 1598 (85 PFSP), Final viscosity (FV) 167.33 (55 OFSP) to 1825 (85 PFSP) and Setbak viscosity (SBV) 42.67 (55 OFSP) to 427 (85 PFSP) all increased with increasing drying temperature. The exception was for freeze dried OFSP since it showed high swelling index, resulting in the high pasting viscosities. Drying showed less apparent effect on gelatinization temperatures at onset (To) range 77.35C (70 OFSP) to 78.24C (freeze OFSP), peak (Tp) range 80.92C (70 OFSP) to 82.21C (freeze PFSP) and conclusion (Tc) range 85.31C (70.OFSP) to 86.76C (freeze PFSP) based on Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) test results. However, positive correlations were observed between gelatinization enthalpy and AC (p<0.05). Drying under the temperature range of this study affected starch fractions including resistant starch (RS), non-resistant starch (NRS) and total starch (TS) only slightly. Results of this study suggested that high temperature drying could be applicable in modifying paste viscosities of sweet potato for use as thickening or stabilizing in food product.
The Reasons for Non-Use of Social Net - working Websites by University Students

Although social networking websites (SNSs, especially Facebook) have become highly popular with youths, some university students do not want to participate in such sites. This study explores the underlying reasons for high-tech university students’ non-use of social networking websites. The study group (n=20) consisted of 18 to 25-year-old undergraduate students, who were selected by the purposive sampling method. Data were collected from two large state universities in Turkey. Facebook, as one of the most popular social networking websites, was selected as a study context. Qualitative research methods were used in the data collection and analysis processes. The primary reasons for not using social networking websites were that they were perceived to be a waste of time, or an unnecessary tool; that they might lead to an addiction; that they might violate privacy concerns or share unnecessary information; and that they might invoke family concerns. Additionally, the findings indicated that most of the students did not trust virtual friendships, and did not like sharing photographs and political views online. This identification of non-user students’ attitudes about SNSs will help us to better understand individual perceptions and experiences relating to these social services. RESUMEN Aunque las redes sociales (los SRS, especialmente Facebook) se han popularizado entre la juventud, hay algunos alumnos universitarios que no desean participar en ellas. Esta investigación explora las razones subyacentes por las cuales los alumnos universitarios no utilizan las redes sociales. El grupo experimental (n=20) estuvo formado por alumnos de licenciatura de entre 18 y 25 años, seleccionados mediante muestreo intencional. Se recogieron los datos en dos grandes universidades estatales de Turquía. Facebook fue seleccionado para contextualizar esta investigación, por ser una de las redes sociales más populares. Los métodos de investigación cualitativa se emplearon en la recogida y análisis de los datos. Entre las razones principales por las que no utilizan las redes sociales se encuentran su percepción como una pérdida de tiempo, o una herramienta innecesaria; las posibilidades de poder conllevar una adicción; violar las normas de privacidad, compartir información excesiva; e invocar la preocupación parental. Adicionalmente, los resultados indicaron que la mayoría de los alumnos no confió en sus amistades virtuales y que no les gustaba compartir fotografías ni opiniones políticas en línea. El haber identificado las actitudes hacia los SRS de los alumnos no-usuarios nos ayudará a entender mejor las percepciones y experiencias individuales relacionadas con estos servicios sociales.
The influence of sport participation on quality of life perceptions among inmates in Nigerian prisons

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of participation in football activities on quality of life perception among randomized inmates of Nigerian prisons, in Ile-Ife and Ilesa in Osun State, Nigeria. The study participants were 180 inmates of Ilesa and Ile-Ife Prisons in Osun State, Nigeria who are within the ages of 21 to 35 years old. Each participant was selected and randomly assigned to experimental (n=90) or control subjects (n=90). The subjects were administered with pre-test instruments through the football participation assessment and Quality of Life (QOL) test after which only subjects in experimental groups participated in football sessions for a period of eight weeks. Subsequently, all respondents were administered with post-test instruments (football proficiency selfassessment, game experience and QOL tests). QOL was measured using the adapted version of World Health Organization’s Quality of LifeBref (WHOQOL-BREF). Results show that inmates who participated in football activities have higher general quality of life perception than those who did not. However, social wellbeing is improved for both active and passive (spectators) participants. Sport skills acquisition and participation positively affect physical health, psychological and social wellbeing of inmates. Participation therefore affects the general QOL of inmates of Federal prisons in Osun State, Nigeria.
Explorer Artemisinin resistance in rodent malaria-mutation in the AP 2 adaptor-chain suggests involvement of endocytosis and membrane protein trafficking

Background: The control of malaria, caused by Plasmodium falciparum, is hampered by the relentless evolution of drug resistance. Because artemisinin derivatives are now used in the most effective anti-malarial therapy, resistance to artemisinin would be catastrophic. Indeed, studies suggest that artemisinin resistance has already appeared in natural infections. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance would help to prolong the effective lifetime of these drugs. Genetic markers of resistance are therefore required urgently. Previously, a mutation in a de-ubiquitinating enzyme was shown to confer artemisinin resistance in the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium chabaudi. Methods: Here, for a mutant P. chabaudi malaria parasite and its immediate progenitor, the in vivo artemisinin resistance phenotypes and the mutations arising using Illumina whole-genome re-sequencing were compared. Results: An increased artemisinin resistance phenotype is accompanied by one non-synonymous substitution. The mutated gene encodes the μ-chain of the AP2 adaptor complex, a component of the endocytic machinery. Homology models indicate that the mutated residue interacts with a cargo recognition sequence. In natural infections of the human malaria parasite P. falciparum, 12 polymorphisms (nine SNPs and three indels) were identified in the orthologous gene. Conclusion: An increased artemisinin-resistant phenotype occurs along with a mutation in a functional element of the AP2 adaptor protein complex. This suggests that endocytosis and trafficking of membrane proteins may be involved, generating new insights into possible mechanisms of resistance. The genotypes of this adaptor protein can be evaluated for its role in artemisinin responses in human infections of P. falciparum.
Regularized matrix regression

Modern technologies are producing a wealth of data with complex structures. For instance, in two‐dimensional digital imaging, flow cytometry and electroencephalography, matrix‐type covariates frequently arise when measurements are obtained for each combination of two underlying variables. To address scientific questions arising from those data, new regression methods that take matrices as covariates are needed, and sparsity or other forms of regularization are crucial owing to the ultrahigh dimensionality and complex structure of the matrix data. The popular lasso and related regularization methods hinge on the sparsity of the true signal in terms of the number of its non‐zero coefficients. However, for the matrix data, the true signal is often of, or can be well approximated by, a low rank structure. As such, the sparsity is frequently in the form of low rank of the matrix parameters, which may seriously violate the assumption of the classical lasso. We propose a class of regularized matrix regression methods based on spectral regularization. A highly efficient and scalable estimation algorithm is developed, and a degrees‐of‐freedom formula is derived to facilitate model selection along the regularization path. Superior performance of the method proposed is demonstrated on both synthetic and real examples.
A New Framework to Evaluate Urban Design Using Urban Microclimatic Modeling in Future Climatic Conditions

Building more energy-efficient and sustainable urban areas that will both mitigate the effects of climate change and anticipate living conditions in future climate scenarios requires the development of new tools and methods that can help urban planners, architects and communities achieve this goal. In the current study, we designed a workflow that links different methodologies developed separately, to derive the energy consumption of a university school campus for the future. Three different scenarios for typical future years (2039, 2069, 2099) were run, as well as a renovation scenario (Minergie-P). We analyzed the impact of climate change on the heating and cooling demand of buildings and determined the relevance of taking into account the local climate in this particular context. The results from the simulations confirmed that in the future, there will be a constant decrease in the heating demand, while the cooling demand will substantially increase. Significantly, it was further demonstrated that when the local urban climate was taken into account, there was an even higher rise in the cooling demand, but also that a set of proposed Minergie-P renovations were not sufficient to achieve resilient buildings. We discuss the implication of this work for the simulation of building energy consumption at the neighborhood scale and the impact of future local climate on energy system design. We finally give a few perspectives regarding improved urban design and possible pathways for future urban areas.
Safety evaluation of shear capacity of reinforced concrete bridges

Predicting the load carrying capacity of concrete bridges often calls for a conservative approach which leads to high costs, especially in the maintenance of existing structures. The need for conservativeness arises not only from natural variations but also from inconsistency of available calculation models and safety formats. This master thesis presents a probabilistic evaluation of analysis methods and safety formats used to establish design shear capacity of reinforced concrete bridge girders. An assessment is made of the relative favorableness of using either the shear analysis procedure described in the European construction code (CEN, 2004) or the sectional analysis tool Response-2000 (Bentz, 2000). The accuracy of the EC2 partial safety factor format is compared to a safety format proposed by Schlune et al. (2010). The performed evaluations are founded on a parametric study of standard beam cross sections and the probabilistic model used in the evaluations is prepared in accordance with the JCSS Probabilistic model code (2001) along with relevant guidance given by the CEN (2002).
Social Support and Health-Related Quality of Life among Mental Health Service Users in Japan

Aim: This study aimed to describe supporters (social support providers) of mental health service users living in the community, and to determine how the number of supporters affects healthrelated quality of life (HRQOL). Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a selfreported questionnaire administered to persons with mental health challenges living in the community. The study was performed in psychiatric social rehabilitation facilities in Japan. Overall, 246 individuals were asked to participate, and 197 responses (80.1% of recruited people, 87.6% of people who gave consent) were analyzed in this study. Short Form-8 (SF-8) was used to assess physical and mental HRQOL. Participants were asked to mark “all the people who support your current community life” from a list consisting of 20 attributions, and to provide the number of people “who support you when you are in real trouble. ” Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the physical HRQOL (physical component summary score) and mental HRQOL (mental component summary score) in relation to numbers of supporters, controlling for gender, age, diagnosis, psychosocial functioning (Global Assessment of Functioning: GAF score), service satisfaction (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire: CSQ-8 score), and living situation. Results: The mean number of total marked attritions as current community life supporters was 4.9 (SD=2.7) and mean number of people who support the participant when in real trouble was 3.0 (SD=0.9). Number of current supporters was not associated with physical HRQOL, and number of current supporters was negatively associated with mental HRQOL in multiple linear regression analysis. Age was significantly negatively associated with physical HRQOL, and significantly positively associated with mental HRQOL.
Mats of psychrophilic thiotrophic bacteria associated with cold seeps of the Barents Sea

This study investigated the bacterial diversity associated with microbial mats of polar deep-sea cold seeps. The mats were associated with high upward fluxes of sulfide produced by anaerobic oxidation of methane, and grew at temperatures close to the freezing point of seawater. They ranged from small patches of 0.2–5 m in diameter (gray mats) to extensive fields covering up to 850 m2 of seafloor (white mats) and were formed by diverse sulfide-oxidizing bacteria differing in color and size. Overall, both the dominant mat-forming thiotrophs as well as the associated bacterial communities inhabiting the mats differed in composition for each mat type as determined by microscopy, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis. While the smaller gray mats were associated with a highly diverse composition of sulfide oxidizers, the larger white mats were composed of only 1–2 types of gliding Beggiatoa filaments. Molecular analyses showed that most of the dominant mat-forming sulfide oxidizers were phylogenetically different from, but still closely related to, thiotrophs known from warmer ocean realms. The psychrophilic nature of the polar mat-forming thiotrophs was tested by visual observation of active mats at in situ temperature compared to their warming to >4 °C. The temperature range of mat habitats and the variation of sulfide and oxygen fluxes appear to be the main factors supporting the diversity of mat-forming thiotrophs in cold seeps at continental margins.
Wild-caught rodents retain a majority of their natural gut microbiota upon entrance into captivity.

Experiments conducted on captive animals allow scientists to control many variables; however, these settings are highly unnatural. Previous research has documented a large difference in microbial communities between wild animals and captive-bred individuals. However, wild-caught animals brought into captivity might retain their natural microbiota and thus provide a better study system in which to investigate the ecology of the gut microbiome. We collected individuals of the desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida) from nature and investigated changes in the microbial community over 6 months in captivity. Additionally, we inventoried potential environmental sources of microbes (food, bedding) from the wild and captivity. We found that environmental sources do not make large contributions to the woodrat gut microbial community. We documented a slight decrease in several biodiversity metrics over 6 months in captivity, yet the magnitude of change was small compared with other studies. Wild and captive animals shared 64% of their microbial species, almost twice that observed in other studies of wild and captive-bred individuals (≤ 37% shared). We conclude that wild-caught animals brought into captivity retain a substantial proportion of their natural microbiota and represent an acceptable system in which to study the gut microbiome.
Analyzing reviews and code of mobile apps for better release planning

The mobile applications industry experiences an unprecedented high growth, developers working in this context face a fierce competition in acquiring and retaining users. They have to quickly implement new features and fix bugs, or risks losing their users to the competition. To achieve this goal they must closely monitor and analyze the user feedback they receive in form of reviews. However, successful apps can receive up to several thousands of reviews per day, manually analysing each of them is a time consuming task. To help developers deal with the large amount of available data, we manually analyzed the text of 1566 user reviews and defined a high and low level taxonomy containing mobile specific categories (e.g. performance, resources, battery, memory, etc.) highly relevant for developers during the planning of maintenance and evolution activities. Then we built the User Request Referencer (URR) prototype, using Machine Learning and Information Retrieval techniques, to automatically classify reviews according to our taxonomy and recommend for a particular review what are the source code files that need to be modified to handle the issue described in the user review. We evaluated our approach through an empirical study involving the reviews and code of 39 mobile applications. Our results show a high precision and recall of URR in organising reviews according to the defined taxonomy.
Emotional Regulation in Young Adults with Internet Gaming Disorder

People diagnosed with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) have been frequently reported to experience depression, anxiety, and hostility. Emotional regulation contributes to these mood symptoms. This study evaluated emotional regulation in subjects with IGD and examined relationships between emotional regulation, depression, anxiety, and hostility in young adults with IGD. We recruited 87 people with IGD and a control group of 87 people without a history of IGD. All participants underwent a diagnostic interview based on the IGD criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and they completed a questionnaire on emotional regulation, depression, anxiety, and hostility. We found that subjects with IGD were less likely to practice cognitive reappraisal and were more likely to suppress their emotions. Linear regression revealed the higher cognitive reappraisal and lower expressive suppression associated with depression, anxiety, and hostility among subjects with IGD. The emotional regulation strategies that characterize those with IGD could be contributing factors to the depression and hostility tendencies of these people. When treating patients with IGD, in addition to providing appropriate interventions to relieve depression and hostility, practitioners should effectively assess emotional regulation strategies and provide emotional regulation therapy to prevent a vicious cycle of negative emotions.
Effects of Lead-Zinc Mining on Crayfish ( Orconectes hylas) in the Black River Watershed, Missouri, USA

Mining has occurred in the New Lead Belt of southeast Missouri, one of the largest producers of lead ore in the world, since the 1960s. We studied populations of the crayfish Orconectes hylas at 13 sites to assess the ecological effects of mining-derived metals in the Black River watershed, which drains much of the New Lead Belt. Crayfish density, physical habitat, and water quality were examined at one reference site with no known upstream mining activities and at sites downstream of mining areas. Metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Co) were analyzed in sediment pore water and whole crayfish. Mean crayfish densities were significantly greater ( P < 0.05) at the reference site compared to mining and downstream sites. Crayfish densities were negatively correlated ( P < 0.05) with sediment pore-water metal concentrations, Cd concentrations in whole crayfish, and temperature, but not with any measured physical habitat variable. These findings indicate that metals associated with current mining activities in the New Lead Belt have negative impacts on crayfish populations in Ozark streams. ( Keywords.— crayfish; density; lead mining; metals; Orconectes hylas; toxicity)
Dynamic hysteresis model derivated from lugre model

This paper presents a dynamic hysteresis model; which is a modification of the well known LuGre model. This model has been based on a modification to the LuGre model dynamic, which could be seen as a forward and backward displacement in the steady state solution of the dynamic LuGre model. The LuGre friction model is based on the average deflection of the bristles; implicitly, it is based on the relationship between stress and strain of the bristles under deformation. From the friction model point of view, this dynamic hysteresis model can capture the deformation behaviour between stress and strain beyond the elasticity region for the material (the bristles), a region where the relationship between stress and strain is no longer linear. So, our model can capture the friction phenomena of the original LuGre model and presents a new behaviour in the pre-sliding regime. Simulation results are presented to support our contribution.
Cultural Reflections on Restrained Eating

Restrained eating refers to the intention to restrict food intake deliberately in order to prevent weight gain or to promote weight loss (Tuschl, 1990). There are several self-report instruments for the assessment of restrained eating, of which the three most commonly used are the Restraint Scale (RS; Herman andMack, 1975; Herman and Polivy, 1975; Polivy et al., 1978), and the restraint subscales of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ, also Eating Inventory; Stunkard and Messick, 1985) and theDutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ; Van Strien et al., 1986). Scores on these scales, however, do not necessarily reflect actual restriction of food intake or at least do this in a complex fashion (Stice et al., 2004, 2007, 2010; Van Strien et al., 2006). Asmost restrained eaters are not currently on a diet, they may be “best characterized as ‘weight watchers’ who are concerned about their food intake and try to limit intake, particularly of energy dense foods” (Lowe et al., 2013, p. 5).