Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Personality and Delinquency: A Multi-Variate Examination of Eysenck's Theory with Scottish Delinquent and Non-Delinquent Boys.

The Eysenck Junior P.I. questionnaire was administered to groups of institutionalized and non-institutionalized delinquents and to non-delinquents. Scores were evaluated at scale and item level by discriminant analysis. A further analysis of discriminant items produced new, empirically validated dimensions which, reapplied to a discriminant function program, allowed examination of their relative effectiveness in the (posterior) prediction of group membership. Additional hypotheses from Eysenck's theory concerning the behavior of items with more homogeneous subgroups within the larger delinquent sample were examined. Of 38 items discriminating delinquents from non-delinquents, 15 were found to define six discriminant factors called (i) Neuroticism/Depression; (ii) Social Adjustment/Sensitivity; (iii) Psychoticism; (iv) Impulsivity; (v) Social Extraversion; and (vi) Delinquency/Social Nonconformity. Two largely congruent "second order" factors were identified as Extraversion and Neuroticism. But a third second-order factor differed markedly between the two samples. Theoretical implications are discussed.
Can deep vein thrombosis be predicted after varicose vein operation in women in rural areas?

INTRODUCTION Chronic venous disease is a group of symptoms caused by functional and structural defects of the venous vessels. One of the most common aspects of this disease is the occurrence of varicose veins. There are many ways of prevention and treatment of varicose veins, but in Poland the leading one is still surgery. As in every medical procedure there is the possibility of some complications. One of them is deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The diagnosis of DVT can be difficult, especially when access to a specialist is limited, such as in case of rural patients. The aim of the study. The aim of the study was estimation of the influence of LMWH primary prophylaxis on the formation of postoperative DVT, as well as sensitivity and specificity of clinical examination and D-dimer value in diagnosis of postoperative DVT in women. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted in a group of 93 women operated on in the Department of General, Vascular Surgery and Angiology at the Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences in Poznań, Poland. The patients had undergone a varicose vein operation and were randomly divided into two groups: A - 48 women receiving LMWH during two days of the perioperative period, B - 45 women receiving LMWH during seven days of the perioperative period. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the postoperative DVT complications in both groups. The value of D-dimer > 0.987 mcg/ml and swelling > 1.5 cm of shin (in comparison to the preoperative period) plays a significant role in diagnosis of DVT. CONCLUSIONS The extended primary prophylaxis with LMWH does not affect the amount or quality of thrombotic complications after varicose vein operation. If the DVT occurs, the evaluation of the D - dimer and careful clinical examination can be a useful method for its diagnosis.
Laparoscopic cytoreductive nephrectomy: a three-center retrospective analysis.

INTRODUCTION Metastatic renal cell carcinoma is associated with a poor prognosis. Given the current lack of effective systemic therapies and data suggesting a survival benefit from cytoreductive nephrectomy (CRN) before systemic therapy, we have retrospectively analyzed the experience of laparoscopic cytoreductive nephrectomy (LCRN) in three U.K. centers. The focus of this study was to assess the peri- and postoperative safety and hence feasibility of LCRN in the United Kingdom. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-five patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma deemed suitable for systemic therapy underwent LCRN in three U.K. centers over a 4-year period. RESULTS The tumors ranged from 3.4 cm in diameter to 12 cm. Operating times ranged from 89 (minimum) to 310 minutes (maximum), median 175 minutes. The median amount of blood loss was 150 mL, and hence the transfusion rate was low with only one patient requiring on-table transfusion and two patients requiring additional blood before discharge. Hospital stay ranged between 2.5 and 11 days; median postoperative stay was 3 days. CONCLUSIONS In our initial experience, LCRN seems safe and feasible with low morbidity and a good perioperative outcome.
“There's a deeper level of meaning as to what suffering's all about”: experiences of religious and spiritual growth following trauma

Some survivors of trauma report experiencing beneficial changes in self-perception, relationships, and philosophy of life, and positive changes in the realm of existential, spiritual, or religious matters. The purpose of the present study was to examine participants’ phenomenological experiences of spiritual and religious posttraumatic growth (PTG). Transcribed data from semi-structured interviews with 10 women, self-identified as Christian, who had experienced spiritual or religious growth following various trauma were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results indicated how religion provided a framework that assisted participants to incorporate life changes, and to find meaning in their suffering. The most salient themes identified in relation to religious and spiritual PTG included: process of spiritual and religious growth, strengthening of religious and spiritual beliefs, and personal and spiritual growth and healing. Participants’ trauma and associated distress prompted a process of questioning and meaning-making that facilitated deeply experienced personal and spiritual growth, and was related to intrinsic religiosity.
Charismatic leadership, change and innovation in an R&D organization

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of the charismatic dimension of transformational leadership on team processes and innovative outcomes in research and development (R&D) teams.Design/methodology/approach – Data are collected by surveying 34 teams that totalled 178 participants. Surveys measured charismatic leadership style, team identity, cooperative strategies and team innovation.Findings – Results reveal the importance of managers assuming a charismatic style of leadership to encourage innovation. Charismatic leaders promote team innovation by supporting a sense of team identity and commitment, and encourage team members to cooperate through the expression of ideas and participation in decisions.Research limitations/implications – The study is conducted in a single R&D organization and future research should explore the influence of these factors in other settings. The measures of team innovation are based on the perceptions of the team members, and future research needs .
Variations on a Theme: The Professional Role Conceptions of Print and Online Newspaper Journalists

A national survey (N=655) examining the professional role conceptions of print and online newspaper journalists revealed the print group perceived the Interpretive/Investigative role as significantly more important than the online group. No significant differences were found between the groups in their perceptions of the Adversarial and Populist Mobilizer roles. Results were mixed for the Disseminator role. The online group rated getting information to the public as quickly as possible as significantly more important than the print group. William P. Cassidy is an assistant professor in the Department of Communication, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater.
Trust and Distrust: Cognitive Decisions or Social Relations?

The issue of consumer trust has repeatedly been raised in relation to food policy events in Europe over the last couple of decades. Based on the project ‘Consumer Trust in Food’ (funded by the European Commission, contract no. QLK1‐CT‐2001‐00291), the paper discusses explanations to variations and changes in trust. Representative population surveys were conducted in Denmark, Italy, Germany, Great Britain, Norway, and Portugal. Opinions on trust in food show large and consistent differences across the countries. While trust is high in Great Britain and Scandinavia, levels are generally much lower in Italy, Portugal and Germany. It may seem as if the considerable regulatory and market‐based reforms that came in the aftermath of the BSE crisis have had positive impacts on trust. But trust is based even on other issues than food safety, and people are generally more sceptical when it comes to ethical issues, quality or nutrition. It is argued that cognitive models, focussing on individual risk perception and communication, are insufficient to explain these variations. An alternative approach is outlined, where consumer trust is understood with reference to processes of institutionalisation, strongly linked to normative as well as organisational frames. By considering food consumption as the outcome of complex interrelations between consumers, the market, the state, and civil society, we can identify characteristically different types of conditions for trust. Trust seems to refer not only to shared norms and expectations, but also to the concrete organisation and performance of food institutions, regarding predictability, openness, etc. It is a matter of both organisations' capability and willingness to meet expectations. Historical and cultural conditions as well as rapid shifts may lead to discrepancies between expectations and performance – which may be expressed as distrust – politically and in the market. It is therefore suggested that institutionalising consumer distrust may represent an important way of building trust in modern food institutions.
Exploring the acceptance for e-learning using technology acceptance model among university students in India

This paper examines the acceptance and behaviour of students towards e-learning using the technology acceptance model (TAM), within the framework of a course. The instrument used in the current study adopts the scale developed by Davis (1989). This study is set against a lack of consistent, detailed research on the factors influencing the acceptance of e-learning by students in India. In line with previous research, results suggest that TAM is a strong theoretical model (Ronnie et al., 2011), where its validity can extend to the e-learning context. Significant relationships were observed between perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude, behavioural intention to use and actual use. Perceived usefulness strongly mediated perceived ease of use and attitude, while attitude mediated perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and behavioural intention to use e-learning.
The Ties that Blog: Examining the Relationship Between Social Ties and Continued Participation in the Wallop Weblogging System

Are people who remain active as webloggers more socially connected to other users? How are the number and nature of social ties related to people's willingness to continue contributing content to a weblog? This study uses longitudinal data taken from Wallop, a weblogging system developed by Microsoft Research, to explore patterns of user activity. In its year long operation Wallop hosted a naturally occurring opportunity for cultural comparison, as it developed a majority Chinese language using population (despite the English language focus of the system). This allows us to consider whether or not language communities have different social network characteristics that vary along different activity levels. Logistic regression models and network visualizations reveal two key findings. The first is that not all ties are equal. Although a count of incoming comments appears to be a significant predictor of retention, it loses its predictive strength when strong ties created by repeated, reciprocal interaction and ties from other dedicated webloggers are considered. Second, the higher rate of retention among the Chinese language users is partly explained by that population’s greater ability to draw in participants with pre-existing social ties. We conclude with considerations for weblogs and directions for future research.
A cultural sociology of religion: New directions

In this article, I review three contemporary streams of scholarship that are revitalizing the cultural analysis of religion, an approach that dates to the discipline's founding. Research from an institutional field perspective focuses on the institutions that shape religious belief, practice, and mobilization. Work on lived religion, including neo-Durkheimian approaches, focuses on religious experience and contested practices of sacralization. Scholarship on religious cultural tools and symbolic boundaries analyzes religion as symbolic legitimation. These three approaches avoid serious problems associated with both market and secularization accounts, in part because of the way they conceptualize religious authority and religious identity, and in part because of their broader scope of inquiry. In the conclusion, I combine the insights from these approaches to articulate a promising agenda for future research, offering a set of focus questions that are relevant to both classical and contemporary concerns ab.
When Tempo Changes Rhythm: The Effect of Tempo on Nonmusicians' Perception of Rhythm

The present study assessed the effects of tempo differences on listeners' ability to recognize previously heard rhythm phrases. The effect of audible beat on subjects' response accuracy also was examined. Three hundred twenty third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade students and nonmusic-major undergraduates heard one of two versions of a 20-item paired-comparison test and indicated whether the second rhythm in each pair was the same or not the same as the first rhythm in the pair. In one test version, a second “voice” accompanied each rhythm at the rate of the steady beat. Rhythm performances at the rate of 100 beats per minute (bpm) were compared to performances at 50, 75, 125, and 150 bpm. The mean number of correct responses for undergraduates was significantly higher than the corresponding means for the third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade subjects, which were not significantly different from one another. Response accuracy across all groups was affected significantly both by the comparison tempo and by the direction of tempo change between the first and second rhythms in the test item. The mean number of correct responses for items with a 50-bpm comparison tempo was significantly lower than the correct response means for items with 75-, 125-, and 150-bpm comparison tempos, which did not differ significantly from one another. Subjects were better able to identify paired rhythms as identical when the tempo of the second rhythm was the faster of the two examples in the pair than when the second example was the slower of the two examples. There were no differences in response accuracy attributable to the presence (or absence) of an audible steady beat in the stimulus, and there were no significant interactions between main effects.
The Measurement and Predictive Ability of Metacognition in Middle School Learners

ABSTRACT The authors examined relations among components of metacognition from varying theoretical perspectives, explored the psychometric characteristics of known measures of metacognition, and examined the predictive strength of measures of metacognition for both science and overall academic achievement in 97 seventh-grade students. Findings indicated expected significant correlations between 2 measures of metacognition, the Junior Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (Sperling, Howard, Miller, & Murphy, 2002) and an open-ended version of Swanson's (1990) metacognition measure and a significant correlation between the Swanson measure and general science teacher ratings of students’ metacognition. Student measures demonstrated sound psychometric properties and both were significant predictors of science achievement. Additional analyses, recommendations for future research, and suggestions for practitioners and educators interested in measuring and promoting metacognition are provided.
Phonological development of a Putonghua-speaking child with prelingual hearing impairment: a longitudinal case study

Abstract The phonological ability and development of a Putonghua-speaking child with severe prelingual hearing impairment between the age of 3;5 and 4;5 was described using the measures of MLU, MLVV, MaxLU, TTR, PCE, inconsistency rating, phonological processes, and phonetic and phonemic inventory. Comparison of the developmental patterns identified in the child and that of children speaking English and Cantonese revealed both cross-linguistic similarities and the influence of the ambient language on the phonological acquisition of children with hearing impairment. The effect of hearing impairment on phonological acquisition is discussed.
ASSESSING AND STRUCTURING ATTITUDES TOWARD THE USE OF GENE TECHNOLOGY IN FOOD-PRODUCTION - THE ROLE OF PERCEIVED ETHICAL OBLIGATION

Public attitudes toward applications of gene technology are believed to be a major factor influencing the extent of the future development of the technology. Although survey research has shown that people often profess little knowledge about the technology, they nevertheless frequently indicate considerable concern about it. Ethical issues feature strongly both in the literature and in public opinion. In a study (N = 334) of attitudes toward the use of the technology in food production using the basic structure of the theory of reasoned action (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980) but incorporating additional model components compatible with recent theorizing, it was found that there is a strong predictive link between behavioral beliefs/outcome evaluations, attitudes, and expectations for two behavioral themes linked to the technology. Measures of perceived ethical obligation produced only a marginally significant independent contribution to the prediction of expectations; however, they did provide a significant cont.
Women reporting sport: Still a man’s game?

While it is generally known that sports journalism is an area of gender disparity, no major academic study has established the proportion of women sports writers in the UK press. Although female sports broadcasters have increased their visibility in the United Kingdom, the same is not true in the print media. This research first examines the current visibility of women sports journalists in the national UK press, by counting by-lines according to gender. Second, a study explores if the 2012 London Olympic Games had any effect on the proportion of female sports writers in the UK press, by comparing sports by-lines in a sample 6 months before and after the games. Furthermore, these results are compared to a decade earlier to see if the situation has improved. The findings indicate that the proportion of female sports writers in the UK press is lower than in comparable countries, with little improvement over time.
Principles of Neurodynamics. Perceptrons and the Theory of Brain Mechanisms.

In recent years, there have been a number of engineering projects concerned with the design of brain models for pattern recognition and artificial intelligence. The basic assumption, underlying these projects is that the brain operates by built-in algorithmic methods similar to those employed in modern digital computers. Hence, nervous activity can be simulated by these computers. The value of such a program has been challenged by Lashley and others on the grounds that computer-simulated behavior is artificial, that the model is an invention operating on extrabiological principles. In this formidable book, Rosenblatt has offered a somewhat different program involving the design and testing of brain models described as perceptrons. His program is concerned not with devices for artificial intelligence, but, rather, with "the physical structures and neurodynamics principles which underly "natural intelligence. " A perceptron consists of a set of signal generating units ("neuro-mimes") connected together to form a network.
Challenges of Sentiment Analysis for Dynamic Events

Efforts to assess people’s sentiments on Twitter have suggested that Twitter could be a valuable resource for studying political sentiment and that it reflects the offline political landscape. Many opinion mining systems and tools provide users with people’s attitudes toward products, people, or topics and their attributes/aspects. However, although it may appear simple, using sentiment analysis to predict election results is difficult, since it is empirically challenging to train a successful model to conduct sentiment analysis on tweet streams for a dynamic event such as an election. This article highlights some of the challenges related to sentiment analysis encountered during monitoring of the presidential election using Kno.e. sis’s Twitris system.
Effective verification of confidentiality for multi-threaded programs

This paper studies how confidentiality properties of multi-threaded programs can be verified efficiently by a combination of newly developed and existing model checking algorithms. In particular, we study the verification of scheduler-specific observational determinism SSOD, a property that characterizes secure information flow for multi-threaded programs under a given scheduler. Scheduler-specificness allows us to reason about refinement attacks, an important and tricky class of attacks that are notorious in practice. SSOD imposes two conditions: SSOD-1 all individual public variables have to evolve deterministically, expressed by requiring stuttering equivalence between the traces of each individual public variable, and SSOD-2 the relative order of updates of public variables is coincidental, i.e., there always exists a matching trace.We verify the first condition by reducing it to the question whether all traces of each public variable are stuttering equivalent. To verify the second condition, we show how the condition can be translated, via a series of steps, into a standard strong bisimulation problem. Our verification techniques can be easily adapted to verify other formalizations of similar information flow properties.We also exploit counter example generation techniques to synthesize attacks for insecure programs that fail either SSOD-1 or SSOD-2, i.e., showing how confidentiality of programs can be broken.
Success and Failure, Fear of Failure, and Coping Responses of Adolescent Academy Football Players

The study examined fear of failure among 81 male adolescent football players (age 16–18 years) in English football academies. Four players who reported high fear of failure were interviewed. They perceived the consequences of failure to be both interpersonal and intrapersonal. Fear of failure affected their sporting performance and interpersonal behavior. They employed predominantly ineffective coping strategies to deal with fear of failure, and both effective and ineffective strategies to deal with failure experiences. The findings of this study enhance understanding of the fear of failure construct in sport, contributing both to research and practice.
Evaluating USOC Sport Psychology Consultant Effectiveness: A Philosophical and Practical Imperative at the Olympic Games

This article describes the rationale, the process, and the tools used by the sport psychology staff of the United States Olympic Committee to evaluate our efforts as applied sport psychologists working with Olympic athletes and coaches. We discuss how we use a modified version of the Consultant Evaluation Form at the end of an Olympic cycle, and regular workshop evaluations, single-session evaluations, and peer consulting to document effectiveness, facilitate improvement, strive for excellence, and reinvigorate purpose and status within the organization. We end with reflections on our evaluation efforts and their benefits for our work and professional development. [Supplemental material is available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of the Journal of Sport Psychology in Action for the following free supplemental resources: the modified Consultant Evaluation Form—Athlete Version, the modified Consultant Evaluation Form—Coach Version, and The Sport Psychology Seminar Evaluation Form. ]