Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EventRadar: A Real-Time Local Event Detection Scheme Using Twitter Stream

Twitter has become popular among researchers as a means to detect various kinds of events. Several attempts were made to detect trends, real world events, news, earthquakes and others with satisfying results. However they do not perform well on finding local events such as release parties, musicians in a park, or art exhibitions. Many of the local events that were found by algorithms of existing work were not related to an event but to locations, global events, or just common words. In this paper, we introduce Event Radar, a novel local event detection method to improve the precision by analyzing seven day historic Tweet data. We estimate the average Tweet frequency of keywords per day in and around a potential event area and use these estimations to classify whether the keywords are related to a local event. The proposed scheme achieves a precision rate of 68% which is a significant improvement compared to related work that states a precision rate of 25.5%.
An Initial Study on Refactoring Tactics

Software refactoring might be done in two different tactics. The first one is XP-style small-step refactoring, also called floss refactoring. The other tactic, called root canal refactoring, is to set aside an extended period specially for refactoring. Floss refactoring, as one of the corner stones of XP, is well acknowledged. In contrast, root canal refactoring is doubted, especially by XP advocators. Despite the doubts, however, no large scale empirical study on refactoring tactics has been reported. In contrast to the doubts, cases of root canal refactoring have been reported from industry, e.g., Microsoft. Researchers from academe have also proposed various approaches to facilitating root canal refactoring. To this end, this paper would investigate the following questions. (1)How often are the two different tactics employed, respectively? (2) Is there any correlation between refactoring tactics and categories of refactorings? In other words, are some kinds of refactorings more likely than others to be done as floss refactorings or root canal refactorings? To answer these questions, we analyze refactoring histories collected by Eclipse Usage Data Collector (UDC). The data are collected from 753,367 engineers worldwide. Analysis results suggest that about 11.5 percent of refactorings collected by UDC are root canal refactorings, whereas others (88.5 percent) are floss refactorings. We also find that some kinds of refactorings, e.g., Introduce Parameter, are more likely than others to be performed as root canal refactorings.
Reintroducing Credal Networks under Epistemic Irrelevance

A credal network under epistemic irrelevance is a generalised version of a Bayesian network that loosens its two main building blocks. On the one hand, the local probabilities do not have to be specified exactly. On the other hand, the assumptions of independence do not have to hold exactly. Conceptually, these credal networks are elegant and useful. However, in practice, they have long remained very hard to work with, both theoretically and computationally. This paper provides a general introduction to this type of credal networks and presents some promising new theoretical developments that were recently proved using sets of desirable gambles and lower previsions. We explain these developments in terms of probabilities and expectations, thereby making them more easily accessible to the Bayesian network community.
West Antarctica's sensitivity to natural and human‐forced climate change over the Holocene

The location and intensity of the austral westerlies strongly influence southern hemisphere precipitation and heat transport with consequences for human society and ecosystems. With future warming, global climate models project increased aridity in southern mid‐latitudes related to continued poleward contraction of the austral westerlies. We utilize Antarctic ice cores to investigate past and to set the stage for the prediction of future behaviour of the westerlies. We show that Holocene West Antarctic ice core reconstructions of atmospheric circulation sensitively record naturally forced progressive as well as abrupt changes. We also show that recent poleward migration of the westerlies coincident with increased emission of greenhouse gases and the Antarctic ozone hole has led to unprecedented penetration, compared with >100,000 years ago, of air masses bringing warmth, extra‐Antarctic source dust and anthropogenic pollutants into West Antarctica. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Class modification in the GemStone object-oriented DBMS

We are currently designing a class modification methodology for GemStone. We describe the current status of the design. We choose from two basic approaches and then introduce those aspects of GemStone necessary for an understanding of the paper. After defining a set of invariants for GemStone databases, we discuss specific class modification operations in terms of maintaining these invariants. We next discuss several issues that impact class modification. These issues include concurrency and authorization, and lead to difficult choices.
Evaluation of different fungicides for control of fusarium head blight in wheat inoculated with 3ADON and 15ADON chemotypes of Fusarium graminearum in Canada

Abstract Fusarium head blight (FHB) continues to threaten the economic sustainability of many small grain producers in Manitoba by causing losses in grain yield and quality. In this 2-year study, four fungicides were tested on two spring wheat cultivars with different levels of resistance to FHB inoculated with 3ADON and 15ADON chemotypes of Fusarium graminearum. All fungicides (prothioconazole, tebuconazole, metconazole and prothioconazole+ tebuconazole) reduced FHB index, per cent Fusarium-damaged kernels (% FDK) and deoxynivalenol (DON) levels and increased yield compared with the non-sprayed control in the moderately resistant cultivar ‘Glenn’. In the highly susceptible cultivar ‘Roblin’, all fungicides reduced FHB index and increased yield compared with the non-sprayed control; however, inconsistent results were observed for FDK and DON. Differences were observed between the two chemotypes for all variables in both years except for FDK and yield in 2010. This study confirmed that host resistance plays an important role in host–pathogen–fungicide interaction. Therefore, the combined effect of growing moderately resistant cultivars with fungicide application can reduce damage caused by FHB even under high FHB severity.
A sparse voxel selection approach for fMRI data analysis with multi-dimensional derivative constraints

Voxel selection techniques can reveal important brain regions in 3-dimensional functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data analysis. In order to counteract the contamination of noise and find meaningful voxels for fMRI analysis, the sparse representation methods like Lasso have been recently proved to be efficient for voxel selection in fMRI data. However, the voxels selected by these methods generally lose the clustering property of activated brain regions. In this work, we consider a sparse representation approach with multi-dimensional derivative constraints to detect a small portion of fMRI voxels with task relevant information. The proposed method takes into account the correlation and smoothness of activation amplitudes among neighboring voxels in cortex. Preliminary data analysis results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Gender, Age and Body Mass Differences Influencing the Motivation for Physical Activity among Polish Youths

The aim of this study was to analyze motives for engaging in physical activity and to determine and describe motivational differences related to gender, age and body mass index in adolescents and young adults. For health promotion, it is necessary to understand the factors that serve as motivators of physical activity for these age groups. Eight hundred and fourteen participants aged 14-26 years (mean age = 19.83) participated in the study's survey and completed the MPAM-R (motives for physical activity Measure-Revised) scale to measure five different motives that were posited to lead youth to engage in physical activity. The most important and the most frequently mentioned motive for participation in females' favorite physical activity was fitness, followed by appearance. For male participants, the most frequently cited and important motivational factor for engaging in physical activity was fitness, followed by interest and enjoyment. For young females as well as for young males, the motive of fitness was more important than it was for adolescent girls and boys. For overweight participants, the motive of maintaining a certain appearance was very important. Understanding motivation is a key in persuading students to engage in physical activity. Although intrinsic motivation is not the most frequently mentioned motive, physical education teachers should stress appearance as a benefit of regular physical activity participation.
Synthesis and Characterization of Silver-Doped Mesoporous Bioactive Glass and Its Applications in Conjunction with Electrospinning

Since they were first developed in 2004, mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) rapidly captured the interest of the scientific community thanks to their numerous beneficial properties. MBGs are synthesised by a combination of the sol–gel method with the chemistry of surfactants to obtain highly mesoporous (pore size from 5 to 20 nm) materials that, owing to their high surface area and ordered structure, are optimal candidates for controlled drug-delivery systems. In this work, we synthesised and characterised a silver-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Ag-MBG). It was found that Ag-MBG is a suitable candidate for controlled drug delivery, showing a perfectly ordered mesoporous structure ideal for the loading of drugs together with optimal bioactivity, sustained release of silver from the matrix, and fast and strong bacterial inhibition against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Silver-doped mesoporous glass particles were used in three electrospinning-based techniques to produce PCL/Ag-MBG composite fibres, to coat bioactive glass scaffolds (via electrospraying), and for direct sol electrospinning. The results obtained in this study highlight the versatility and efficacy of Ag-substituted mesoporous bioactive glass and encourage further studies to characterize the biological response to Ag-MBG-based antibacterial controlled-delivery systems for tissue-engineering applications.
Efficient Adaptive Nonlinear ECHO Cancellation, Using Sub-band Implementation of the Adaptive Volterra Filter

The adaptive Volterra filter has been successfully applied in nonlinear acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) systems and nonlinear line echo cancellation systems, but its applications are limited by its required computational complexity and slow convergence rate, especially for systems with long memory length. In this paper, by leveraging a multi-channel configuration of the Volterra filter and the sampling theory for nonlinear systems, we extend linear subband delay-less adaptive filter techniques to develop an efficient sub-band implementation of the adaptive Volterra filter. The developed sub-band configuration of the adaptive Volterra filter can greatly improve the convergence rate and reduce the computational complexity of nonlinear echo cancellers, which is shown by analyses and simulations
Query and Predicate Emptiness in Description Logics

Ontologies can be used to provide an enriched vocabulary for the formulation of queries over instance data. We identify query emptiness and predicate emptiness as two central reasoning services in this context. Query emptiness asks whether a given query has an empty answer over all data sets formulated in a given signature. Predicate emptiness is defined analogously, but quantifies universally over all queries that contain a given predicate. In this paper, we determine the computational complexity of query emptiness and predicate emptiness in the EL, DL-Lite, and ALC-families of description logics, investigate the connection to ontology modules, and perform a practical case study to evaluate the new reasoning services.
Memantine as adjunctive treatment to risperidone in children with autistic disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that causes significant impairment in socialization and communication. It is also associated with ritualistic and stereotypical behaviour. Recent studies propose both hyper-and hypoglutamatergic ideologies for autism. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of memantine plus risperidone in the treatment of children with autism. Children with autism were randomly allocated to risperidone plus memantine or placebo plus risperidone for a 10-wk, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The dose of risperidone was titrated up to 3 mg/d and memantine was titrated to 20 mg/d. Children were assessed at baseline and after 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 wk of starting medication protocol. The primary outcome measure was the irritability subscale of Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community (ABC-C). Difference between the two treatment arms was significant as the group that received memantine had greater reduction in ABC-C subscale scores for irritability, stereotypic behaviour and hyperactivity. Eight side-effects were observed over the trial, out of the 25 side-effects that the checklist included. The difference between the two groups in the frequency of side-effects was not significant. The present study suggests that memantine may be a potential adjunctive treatment strategy for autism and it was generally well tolerated. This trial is registered with the Iranian Clinical Trials Registry (IRCT1138901151556N10; www.irct.ir).
Chapter 1. Defining and measuring lexical diversity

Most existing measures of lexical diversity are either direct or indirect measures of the proportion of repeated words in a language sample, and they tend to be validated in accordance with how well they avoid sample-size effects and/or how strongly they correlate with measures of knowledge and proficiency. The present paper argues that such measures suffer from the lack of construct validity in two ways: (a) They are not grounded in an adequate or clearly articulated theoretical account of the nature of the construct of lexical diversity, and (b) they are not validated in relation to how well they measure lexical diversity itself, but rather in relation to how well they do or do not correlate with other constructs. The present paper proposes solutions to both of these problems by defining lexical diversity as a perception-based phenomenon with six measurable properties, and by calibrating the six objective properties against human judgments of lexical diversity. The purpose of the empirical portion of the paper is to determine how well a statistical model constructed on the basis of the proposed six objective properties is able to account for nine human raters’ judgments of the lexical diversity found in 50 narratives written by adolescent learners and native speakers of English. The results support the proposed six-dimensional construct of lexical diversity, but also suggest the need for further refinements to how the six properties are measured.
Huge populations and old species of Costa Rican and Panamanian dirt frogs inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences

Molecular genetic data were used to investigate population sizes and ages of Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae), a species‐rich group of small leaf‐litter frogs endemic to Central America. Population genetic structure and divergence was investigated for four closely related species surveyed across nine localities in Costa Rica and Panama. DNA sequence data were collected from a mitochondrial gene (ND2) and a nuclear gene (c‐myc). Phylogenetic analyses yielded concordant results between loci, with reciprocal monophyly of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes for all species and of c‐myc haplotypes for three of the four species. Estimates of genetic differentiation among populations (FST) based upon mitochondrial data were always higher than nuclear‐based FST estimates, even after correcting for the expected fourfold lower effective population size (Ne) of the mitochondrial genome. Comparing within‐population variation and the relative mutation rates of the two genes revealed that the Ne of the mitochondrial genome was 15‐fold lower than the estimate of the nuclear genome based on c‐myc. Nuclear FST estimates were ≈ 0 for the most proximal pairs of populations, but ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 for all other pairs, even within the same nominal species. The nuclear locus yielded estimates of Ne within localities on the order of 105. This value is two to three orders of magnitude larger than any previous Ne estimate from frogs, but is nonetheless consistent with published demographic data. Applying a molecular clock model suggested that morphologically indistinguishable populations within one species may be 107 years old. These results demonstrate that even a geologically young and dynamic region of the tropics can support very old lineages that harbour great levels of genetic diversity within populations. The association of high nucleotide diversity within populations, large divergence between populations, and high species diversity is also discussed in light of neutral community models.
Cell membrane disruption by vertical nanopillars: the role of membrane bending and traction forces

Gaining access to the cell interior is fundamental for many applications, such as electrical recording, drug and biomolecular delivery. A very promising technique consists of culturing cells on nano/micro pillars. The tight adhesion and high local deformation of cells in contact with nanostructures can promote the permeabilization of lipids at the plasma membrane, providing access to the internal compartment. However, there is still much experimental controversy regarding when and how the intracellular environment is targeted and the role of the geometry and interactions with surfaces. Consequently, we investigated, by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of the cell membrane, the mechanical properties of the lipid bilayer under high strain and bending conditions. We found out that a high curvature of the lipid bilayer dramatically lowers the traction force necessary to achieve membrane rupture. Afterwards, we experimentally studied the permeabilization rate of cell membrane by pillars with comparable aspect ratios but different sharpness values at the edges. The experimental data support the simulation results: even pillars with diameters in the micron range may cause local membrane disruption when their edges are sufficiently sharp. Therefore, the permeabilization likelihood is connected to the local geometric features of the pillars rather than diameter or aspect ratio. The present study can also provide significant contributions to the design of 3D biointerfaces for tissue engineering and cellular growth.
Muscle‐derived interleukin‐6: mechanisms for activation and possible biological roles

It has recently been demonstrated that the marked increase in the systemic concentration of cytokine interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) seen with exercise originates from the contracting limb and that skeletal muscle cells per se are the likely source of the production. This review summarizes the possible mechanisms for activation and biological consequences of muscle‐derived IL‐6. It appears that intramuscular IL‐6 is stimulated by complex signaling cascades initiated by both calcium (Ca2+) ‐dependent and ‐independent stimuli. It also seems likely that skeletal muscle produces IL‐6 to aid in maintaining metabolic homeostasis during periods of altered metabolic demand such as muscular exercise or insulin stimulation. It may do so via local and/or systemic effects. This review also explores the efficacy that IL‐6 may be used as a therapeutic drug in treating metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. —Febbraio, M. A. , Pedersen, B. K. Muscle‐derived interleukin 6: mechanisms for activation and possible biological roles. FASEB J. 16, 1335–1347 (2002)
Energy Requirements in Critically Ill Patients

During the management of critical illness, optimal nutritional support is an important key for achieving positive clinical outcomes. Compared to healthy people, critically ill patients have higher energy expenditure, thereby their energy requirements and risk of malnutrition being increased. Assessing individual nutritional requirement is essential for a successful nutritional support, including the adequate energy supply. Methods to assess energy requirements include indirect calorimetry (IC) which is considered as a reference method, and the predictive equations which are commonly used due to the difficulty of using IC in certain conditions. In this study, a literature review was conducted on the energy metabolic changes in critically ill patients, and the implications for the estimation of energy requirements in this population. In addition, the issue of optimal caloric goal during nutrition support is discussed, as well as the accuracy of selected resting energy expenditure predictive equations, commonly used in critically ill patients.
An inverse problem of the flux for minimal surfaces

For a complete minimal surface in the Euclidean 3-space, the so-called flux vector corresponds to each end. The flux vectors are balanced, i.e., the sum of those over all ends are zero. Consider the following inverse problem: For each balanced n vectors, find an n-end catenoid which attains given vectors as flux. Here, an n-end catenoid is a complete minimal surface of genus 0 with ends asymptotic to the catenoids. In this paper, the problem is reduced to solving algebraic equation. Using this reduction, it is shown that, when n=4, the inverse problem for 4-end catenoid has solutions for almost all balanced 4 vectors. Further obstructions for n-end catenoids with parallel flux vectors are also discussed.
68 and FX2149 Attenuate Mutant LRRK2-R1441C-Induced Neural Transport Impairment

Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 is a large protein with implications in genetic and sporadic causes of Parkinson's disease. The physiological functions of LRRK2 are largely unknown. In this report, we investigated whether LRRK2 alters neural transport using live-cell imaging techniques and human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Our results demonstrated that expression of the PD-linked mutant, LRRK2-R1441C, induced mitochondrial, and lysosomal transport defects in neurites of SH-SY5Y cells. Most importantly, recently identified GTP-binding inhibitors, 68 and FX2149, can reduce LRRK2 GTP-binding activity and attenuates R1441C-induced mitochondrial and lysosomal transport impairments. These results provide direct evidence and an early mechanism for neurite injury underlying LRRK2-induced neurodegeneration. This is the first report to show that LRRK2 GTP-binding activity plays a critical role during neurite transport, suggesting inhibition of LRRK2 GTP-binding could be a potential novel strategy for PD intervention.