Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radiation Recall with Anticancer Agents

There is still much that needs to be understood about radiation recall, and it is not currently possible to predict which patients will be affected and to which drugs they will react. Furthermore, there are no clearly defined characteristics of drugs that cause radiation recall, and thus, it is a possibility that must be kept in mind with use of any drug after radiotherapy, including those from new drug classes. Although it is not yet possible to design treatment regimens to eliminate the risk of radiation recall, it seems likely that risks can be minimized by prolonging the interval between completion of radiotherapy and initiation of full-dose chemotherapy.
Localization Error: Accuracy and Precision of Auditory Localization

The act of localization is the estimation of the true location of an object in space and is characterized by a certain amount of inherent uncertainty and operational bias that results in estimation errors. The type and size of the estimation errors depend on the properties of the emitted sound, the characteristics of the surrounding environment, the specific localization task, and the abilities of the listener. While the general idea of localization error is straightforward, the specific concepts and measures of localization error encountered in the psychoacoustic literature are quite diverse and frequently poorly described, making generalizations and data comparison quite difficult. In addition, the same concept is sometimes described in different papers by different terms, and the same term is used by different authors to refer to different concepts. This variety of terms and metrics used with inconsistent semantics can easily be a source of confusion and may cause the reader to misinterpret the reported data and conclusions. A fundamental property of localization estimates is that in most cases they are angular and thus represent circular (spherical) variables, which in general cannot be described by a linear distribution as assumed in classical statistics. The azimuth and elevation of the sound source locations define an ambiguous conceptual sphere, which can only be fully analyzed with the methods of spherical statistics. However, these methods are seldom used in psychoacoustic studies, and it is not immediately clear to what degree they should be utilized. In many cases, localization estimates may, in fact, be correctly analyzed using linear methods, but neither the necessary conditions for nor the limitations of linear methods have been clearly stated. In sum, localization error is a widely used and intuitively simple measure of spatial uncertainty and spatial bias in the perception of sound source location, but both a common terminology for its description and a broad understanding of the implications of its circular character are lacking. Some of the issues related to these topics are discussed in the subsequent sections. The presented concepts and explanations are intended to clarify some existing terminological ambiguities and offer some guidance as to the statistical treatment of localization error data. The focus of the discussion is on issues related to localization judgments, with only marginal attention given to distance estimation judgments which deserve to be the object of a separate article.
An improved implementation of brain tumor detection using segmentation based on soft computing

Image segmentation is an important and challenging factor in the medical image segmentation. This paper describes segmentation method consisting of two phases. In the first phase, the MRI brain image is acquired from patients’ database, In that film, artifact and noise are removed after that HSom is applied for image segmentation. The HSom is the extension of the conventional self organizing map used to classify the image row by row. In this lowest level of weight vector, a higher value of tumor pixels, computation speed is achieved by the HSom with vector quantization.
Photopheresis therapy of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: the Yale-New Haven Hospital experience.

Over the past two years, the photopheresis treatment program at Yale-New Haven Hospital has treated 32 patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. There were 19 erythrodermic patients who had photopheresis as their first systemic therapy. Five of these cleared 75 percent of their skin and the majority of erythrodermics achieved an improved quality of life. Those with best responses were treated earlier in the course of their disease and had more normal proportions of CD4 and CD8 subsets when compared to patients with poor responses. In addition, patients with tumor stage disease and those patients in relapse after intensive radio- and chemotherapy were treated with photopheresis. These results demonstrate that photopheresis has a role in the management of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. ImagesFIG. 3
Power and Parenting Assessments: The Intersecting Levels of Culture, Race, Class and Gender

This article uses a case example to highlight some of the complexities of working with minority ethnic families. It addresses the dilemmas that exist for therapists and other professionals when carrying out cross-cultural assessments of parenting. In this article, we will examine how professionals’ constructions impacted on the assessment process with regard to family life, culture and mental health. We will draw out implications for clinical practice in this area.
Maternal Anaemia and Neonatal Outcome: A Prospective Study on Urban Pregnant Women.

INTRODUCTION Maternal anaemia is a major contributor of adverse neonatal outcomes, particularly compromised birth weight and head circumference. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between maternal anaemia and neonatal measures in a sample of low-middle income group urban mothers. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred pregnant women with population representative prevalence of anaemia were enrolled. Socio-demographic, anthropometry, obstetric profile (parity, abortion history, food habits, gap period with last pregnancy etc), and systolic/diastolic blood pressure were documented. Neonatal outcomes (gestational age and type of delivery), and birth anthropometry (weight, length, and head circumference) were measured at delivery. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis for associating maternal haemoglobin levels and neonatal outcomes were performed. RESULTS The anaemic and non-anaemic pregnant women differed significantly in interval between previous & index pregnancy (p=0.031), parity (p=0.009), systolic blood pressure (p=0.026), diastolic blood pressure (p=0.042), maternal Hb (p<0.01). The mean gestational age (p<0.01), weight (p<0.01), length (p<0.01) and head circumference (p<0.01) of the neonates differed significantly between the two groups. On using maternal haemoglobin as a continuous variable, these anthropometric birth outcomes were positively correlated with maternal haemoglobin (p<0.05). Further, univariate linear regression showed similar associations between maternal haemoglobin (g/dL) and birth weight (p=0.004), length (p=0.010) and head circumference (p=0.003). CONCLUSION Maternal haemoglobin has a positive relationship with the neonatal measures of weight, length and head circumference.
Factors Associated with HIV Infection in Married or Cohabitating Couples in Kenya: Results from a Nationally Representative Study

Background In order to inform prevention programming, we analyzed HIV discordance and concordance within couples in the Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey (KAIS) 2007. Methods KAIS was a nationally representative population-based sero-survey that examined demographic and behavioral indicators and serologic testing for HIV, HSV-2, syphilis, and CD4 cell counts in 15,853 consenting adults aged 15–64 years. We analyzed interview and blood testing data at the sexual partnership level from married or cohabitating couples. Multivariable regression models were used to identify factors independently associated with HIV discordant and concordant status. Results Of 3256 couples identified in the survey, 2748 (84.4%) had interview and blood testing data. Overall, 3.8% of couples were concordantly infected with HIV, and in 5.8% one partner was infected, translating to 338,000 discordant couples in Kenya. In 83.6% of HIV-infected Kenyans living in married or cohabitating couples neither partner knew their HIV status. Factors independently associated with HIV-discordance included young age in women (AOR 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2–1.8; p<0.0001), increasing number of lifetime sexual partners in women (AOR 1.5, 95% CI: 1.3–1.8; p<0.0001), HSV-2 infection in either or both partners (AOR 4.1, 95% CI: 2.3–7.2; p<0.0001), and lack of male circumcision (AOR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.0–2.5; p = 0.032). Independent factors for HIV-concordance included HSV-2 infection in both partners (AOR 6.5, 95% CI: 2.3–18.7; p = 0.001) and lack of male circumcision (AOR 1.8, 95% CI: 1.0–3.3; p = 0.043). Conclusions Couple prevention interventions should begin early in relationships and include mutual knowledge of HIV status, reduction of outside sexual partners, and promotion of male circumcision among HIV-uninfected men. Mechanisms for effective prevention or suppression of HSV-2 infection are also needed.
Increases Risk of Colorectal Cancer NAT 1 ( Polyadenylation Polymorphism in the Acetyltransferase 1 Gene Updated

Exposure to carcinogens present in the diet, cigarette smoke, or the environment may be associated with increased risk of colorÃ©ela! cancer. Aromatic amines (aryland heterocyclic) are a class of carcinogens that are important in these exposures. These compounds can be Nor 0-acetylated by the NATI or NAT2 enzymes, resulting in activation or in some cases detoxification. Recent studies have shown that both NAT2 and NATI genes exhibit variation in human populations and that rapid acetylation by the NAT2 enzyme may be a risk factor for colorÃ©ela! cancer. In this study we have analyzed for genetic polymorphism in both At Tl and NAT2 in a group of 202 colorectal cancer patients and 112 control subjects from Staffordshire, England. We find significantly increased risk (odds ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-3.2; P = 0.009) associated with the NATl*10 alÃ-eleof NATI, an alÃ-elethat contains a variant polyadenylation signal. Individuals with higher stage tumors (Duke's C) were more likely to inherit this variant alÃ-ele(odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.3â€”4.7;P = 0.005). In contrast, rapid acetylation genotypes of NAT2 were not a significant risk factor in this English population. However, we found that the risk associated with the NATI variant alÃ-ele(NATI*10) was most apparent among NAT2 rapid acetylators (odds ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-5.7; /' = 0.003), suggesting a possible gene-gene interaction between NATI and NA T2 (test for interaction; P = 0.12). This is the first study to test for cancer risk associated with the NATI gene, and these positive findings suggest that VI77 alÃ-eles may be important genetic determinents of colorectal cancer risk.
QUANTITATIVE AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDY OF LABELED RNA IN RABBIT OPTIC NERVE AFTER INTRAOCULAR INJECTION OF [3H]URIDINE

The distribution of labeled RNA in the optic nerve of the rabbit was studied by quantitative ultrastructural autoradiography after the intraocular injection of [3H]uridine. The highest density of silver grains related to [3H]RNA (27–40 grains/100 µm2) was found in glial cell perikarya; a slightly lower density was present in the glial nuclei (19–20 grains/100 µm2). Axons (4–5 grains/100 µm2) and myelin (2–3 grains/100 µm2) had the lowest grain densities. 74–83% of all counted grains were located outside the axons. By comparing the grain density distribution over the axon with that expected in the case of an exclusive labeling of the surrounding myelin and glial cell processes, it was concluded that the axons contained a number of grains representing [3H]RNA significantly higher than that expected to scatter from myelin and glial processes. Most of these grains were concentrated at the periphery of the axon and were not related to axonal mitochondria.
Geometry of Hilbert modular varieties over totally ramified primes

Let L be a totally real field with ring of integers OL. Let N ≥ 4 be an integer and let M(μN) be the fine moduli scheme over Z of polarized abelian varieties with real multiplication (RM) and μN-level structure, satisfying the Deligne-Pappas condition. For every scheme S, we let M(S, μN) = M(μN) ×Z S be the moduli scheme over S; see Definition 2.1. Many aspects of the geometry of the modular varieties M(Fp, μN) are obtained via local deformation theory that factorizes according to the decomposition of p in OL. The unramified case was considered in [9] (see also [8]). Given that, one may restrict one’s attention to the case p = p in OL. We discuss here only the case e = g, that is, p is totally ramified in L. The ramified case was first treated by Deligne and Pappas in [6] (the case g = 2 was considered in [2]). We recall some of their results under the assumption that p is totally ramified. Let A/k be a polarized abelian variety with RM, defined over a field k of characteristic p. Fix an isomorphism OL⊗Zk ∼ = k[T ]/(T). One knows that HdR(A) is a free k[T ]/(T)-module of rank 2. The elementary divisors theorem furnishes us with k[T ]/(T)generators α and β for HdR(A) such that
Neurotransmitter signaling in the pathophysiology of microglia

Microglial cells are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system. In the resting state, microglia are highly dynamic and control the environment by rapidly extending and retracting motile processes. Microglia are closely associated with astrocytes and neurons, particularly at the synapses, and more recent data indicate that neurotransmission plays a role in regulating the morphology and function of surveying/resting microglia, as they are endowed with receptors for most known neurotransmitters. In particular, microglia express receptors for ATP and glutamate, which regulate microglial motility. After local damage, the release of ATP induces microgliosis and activated microglial cells migrate to the site of injury, proliferate, and phagocytose cells, and cellular compartments. However, excessive activation of microglia could contribute to the progression of chronic neurodegenerative diseases, though the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Microglia have the capacity to release a large number of substances that can be detrimental to the surrounding neurons, including glutamate, ATP, and reactive oxygen species. However, how altered neurotransmission following acute insults or chronic neurodegenerative conditions modulates microglial functions is still poorly understood. This review summarizes the relevant data regarding the role of neurotransmitter receptors in microglial physiology and pathology.
A Novel Germline Mutation in BAP1 Predisposes to Familial Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) clusters in some families. Familial RCC arises from mutations in several genes, including the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor, which is also mutated in sporadic RCC. However, a significant percentage of familial RCC remains unexplained. Recently, we discovered that the BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) gene is mutated in sporadic RCC. The BAP1 gene encodes a nuclear deubiquitinase and appears to be a classic two-hit tumor suppressor gene. Somatic BAP1 mutations are associated with high-grade, clear-cell RCC (ccRCC) and poor patient outcomes. To determine whether BAP1 predisposes to familial RCC, the BAP1 gene was sequenced in 83 unrelated probands with unexplained familial RCC. Interestingly, a novel variant (c.41T>A; p.L14H) was uncovered that cosegregated with the RCC phenotype. The p.L14H variant targets a highly conserved residue in the catalytic domain, which is frequently targeted by missense mutations. The family with the novel BAP1 variant was characterized by early-onset ccRCC, occasionally of high Fuhrman grade, and lacked other features that typify VHL syndrome. These findings suggest that BAP1 is an early-onset familial RCC predisposing gene. Implications: BAP1 mutations may drive tumor development in a subset of patients with inherited renal cell cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 11(9); 1061–71. ©2013 AACR.
FANCM-associated proteins MHF1 and MHF2, but not the other Fanconi anemia factors, limit meiotic crossovers

Genetic recombination is important for generating diversity and to ensure faithful segregation of chromosomes at meiosis. However, few crossovers (COs) are formed per meiosis despite an excess of DNA double-strand break precursors. This reflects the existence of active mechanisms that limit CO formation. We previously showed that AtFANCM is a meiotic anti-CO factor. The same genetic screen now identified AtMHF2 as another player of the same anti-CO pathway. FANCM and MHF2 are both Fanconi Anemia (FA) associated proteins, prompting us to test the other FA genes conserved in Arabidopsis for a role in CO control at meiosis. This revealed that among the FA proteins tested, only FANCM and its two DNA-binding co-factors MHF1 and MHF2 limit CO formation at meiosis.
Evaluating cluster alarms: a space-time scan statistic and brain cancer in Los Alamos, New Mexico.

OBJECTIVES This article presents a space-time scan statistic, useful for evaluating space-time cluster alarms, and illustrates the method on a recent brain cancer cluster alarms in Los Alamos, NM. METHODS The space-time scan statistic accounts for the preselection bias and multiple testing inherent in a cluster alarm. Confounders and time trends can be adjusted for. RESULTS The observed excess of brain cancer in Los Alamos was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The space-time scan statistic is useful as a screening tool for evaluating which cluster alarms merit further investigation and which clusters are probably chance occurrences.
Comparison of Clinical Outcome between High and Low Baseline Anti-ABO Antibody Titers in ABO-Incompatible Kidney Transplantation

High baseline anti-ABO antibody titer is still an important obstacle for successful ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation (ABO IKT). This study aims to investigate the clinical outcome of ABO IKT in patients with a high baseline titer in comparison with patients with a low baseline titer. Fourteen patients who received ABO IKT at our center were classified as the high-titer group (≥1:256, n = 8) or the low-titer group (≤1:128, n = 6). We used a protocol composed of rituximab, plasmapheresis, and intravenous immunoglobulin (RTX/PP/IVIG). We compared the intensity of preparation, complications, and clinical outcome between the two groups. The high-titer group required more sessions of pretransplant (10.5 ± 3.5 vs. 6.0 ± 1.3 times, p = 0.01) and posttransplant (1.6 ± 1.8 vs. 0 ± 0 times) PP/IVIG than the low-titer group did. All patients from both groups showed immediate recovery of graft function. The antibody titer and allograft function in the high-titer group were stable and did not differ significantly from those of the low-titer group up to 1 year after kidney transplantation. There was no antibody-mediated rejection in either group during follow-up, but three cases of acute cellular rejection developed in the high-titer group. The high-titer group showed two cases of opportunistic viral infection (herpes gingivitis and cytomegalovirus viremia) and one case of graft loss due to postoperative bleeding. ABO IKT can be safely performed even in patients with a high baseline anti-ABO antibody titer, but the risk for infection and bleeding should be considered before transplantation.
Antidepressant-Resistant Depression and Antidepressant-Associated Suicidal Behaviour: The Role of Underlying Bipolarity

The complex relationship between the use of antidepressants and suicidal behaviour is one of the hottest topics of our contemporary psychiatry. Based on the literature, this paper summarizes the author's view on antidepressant-resistant depression and antidepressant-associated suicidal behaviour. Antidepressant-resistance, antidepressant-induced worsening of depression, antidepressant-associated (hypo)manic switches, mixed depressive episode, and antidepressant-associated suicidality among depressed patients are relatively most frequent in bipolar/bipolar spectrum depression and in children and adolescents. As early age at onset of major depressive episode and mixed depression are powerful clinical markers of bipolarity and the manic component of bipolar disorder (and possible its biological background) shows a declining tendency with age antidepressant-resistance/worsening, antidepressant-induced (hypo)manic switches and “suicide-inducing” potential of antidepressants seem to be related to the underlying bipolarity.
Investigation of the staggered herringbone mixer with a simple analytical model

An analytical model is presented for the three-dimensional flow in the recently introduced staggered herringbone mixer for microchannels. In this model, the flow in the cross-section of the channel is treated as a lid-driven cavity flow. The model is shown to reproduce the advection patterns that were observed experimentally in the staggered herringbone mixer. The model is then used to study the quality of mixing in this flow as a function of geometry. Analysis is performed with Poincaré maps, mixing simulations, and residence time distributions. A range of optimal geometries is identified.
Children's understanding of internal conflicting desires: Developmental changes, cultural influences and links with socioemotional development

Having internal conflicting desires is a frequent life experience. Despite the abundant literature on children's understanding of simple mental states, little is known about their reasoning about conflicting desires. Across six studies, from developmental, social-cognitive and cross-cultural perspectives, the present dissertation investigates the development of understanding internal conflicts, sociocultural influences in its development, as well as its links with children's socioemotional development. In Part 1, to examine the development of understanding conflicting desires, 4to 7-year-old U.S. children were told stories in which the character had an overall goal (e.g., lose weight) and a conflicting immediate preference (e.g., like chocolate but not broccoli). When asked to predict the character's action, 6to 7-year-olds predicted she would act according to the main goal, whereas younger children predicted she would act to satisfy the immediate desire. In Part 2, to investigate cultural influence on the development, Chinese children's understanding was examined. Five-yearold Chinese children gave goal-oriented responses to the conflicting desire stories, at least one year earlier than their American counterparts. Part 3 explored links between understanding of conflicting desires and social-emotional development. U.S. and Chinese children's key socioemotional characteristics were measured by peer nominations, teacher-ratings and self-reports. Associations between understanding of conflicting desires and positive socioemotional adjustments were found among Chinese children, but not among U.S. children. The present findings suggest that an understanding of internal conflicting desires develops during childhood, facilitated by relevant sociocultural input. In the context where dealing with internal conflicts is emphasized early in life, better understanding of internal conflicts is related with positive socioemotional development. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Education First Advisor Douglas A. Frye