Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential Explanatory Factors for Higher Incident Hip Fracture Risk in Older Diabetic Adults

Type 2 diabetes is associated with higher fracture risk. Diabetes-related conditions may account for this risk. Cardiovascular Health Study participants (N = 5641; 42.0% men; 15.5% black; 72.8±5.6 years) were followed 10.9 ± 4.6 years. Diabetes was defined as hypoglycemic medication use or fasting glucose (FG) ≥126 mg/dL. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) was defined as ankle-arm index <0.9. Incident hip fractures were from medical records. Crude hip fracture rates (/1000 person-years) were higher for diabetic vs. non-diabetic participants with BMI <25 (13.6, 95% CI: 8.9–20.2 versus 11.4, 95% CI: 10.1–12.9) and BMI ≥25 to <30 (8.3, 95% CI: 5.7–11.9 versus 6.6, 95% CI: 5.6–7.7), but similar for BMI ≥30. Adjusting for BMI, sex, race, and age, diabetes was related to fractures (HR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.01–1.78). PAD (HR = 1.25 (95% CI: 0.92–1.57)) and longer walk time (HR = 1.07 (95% CI: 1.04–1.10)) modified the fracture risk in diabetes (HR = 1.17 (95% CI: 0.87–1.57)). Diabetes was associated with higher hip fracture risk after adjusting for BMI though this association was modified by diabetes-related conditions.
A neurogenic element to urinary genuine stress incontinence

Summary. The motor unit fibre density in the external anal sphincter has been measured in 35 women with genuine stress incontinence and in 14 continent women. The mean (SD) fibre density in the normal women was 1.5 (0.15) and in the incontinent women it was 1.96 (0.34) (P<0.002). These data provide evidence of peripheral denervation of the external anal sphincter and imply synchronous denervation of the pelvic floor muscles. It is suggested that denervation is an aetiological factor in genuine stress incontinence.
Insiders and Outsiders: Comparing Urban Impressions between Population Groups

There is a growing interest in social and urban computing to employ crowdsourcing as means to gather impressions of urban perception for indoor and outdoor environments. Previous studies have established that reliable estimates of urban perception can be obtained using online crowdsourcing systems, but implicitly assumed that the judgments provided by the crowd are not dependent on the background knowledge of the observer. In this paper, we investigate how the impressions of outdoor urban spaces judged by online crowd annotators, compare with the impressions elicited by the local inhabitants, along six physical and psychological labels. We focus our study in a developing city where understanding and characterization of these socio-urban perceptions is of societal importance. We found statistically significant differences between the two population groups. Locals perceived places to be more dangerous and dirty, when compared with online crowd workers; while online annotators judged places to be more interesting in comparison to locals. Our results highlight the importance of the degree of familiarity with urban spaces and background knowledge while rating urban perceptions, which is lacking in some of the existing work in urban computing.
An Exploratory Study of Police Officers' Satisfaction in Marriage

Work as a police officer is said to place great strain on a marriage (Stratton, 1975). To explore what characteristics differentiated police officers who were satisfied with their marriages from those who were not, an anonymous questionnaire was completed voluntarily by 55 married police officers from several suburban departments: M,, = 45.6 yr. , SD = 7.1; mean years of police work = 8.0 yr. , SD = 4.9; mean years of present marriage = 10.2, SD = 7.5. Each officer rated his satisfaction wich his marriage on a six-point scale from very satisfied = 5 to very dissatisfied = 1: 30 men were very satisfied, 19 satisfied, 5 somewhat satisfied, and one somewhat dissatisfied. Police officers who were more satisfied with their marriages were more likely to have been police officers already when they married (coded as yes = 0, no = 1; product-moment = 0.30), were more in favor of the women's liberation movement (answered on a Likert-type scale; 7 = 0.20), had fewer children (7 = 0.28), and were more likely to spend time with their wives when off duty (coded as frequently = 1; sometimes = 2, never = 3; T = 0.43). Although the officers did not differ in whether cheir wives worked (coded as yes = 0, no = 1; r = 0.08), if their wives did work the more satisfied officers had wives who worked more hours (7 = 0.27, n = 42) . Police officers who were more satisfied with cheir marriages described their wives as more interesting to be with, affectionate, understanding of their problems, interested in them, someone they can confide in, fun to be with, sexually satisfying, and independent and less disagreeable, thoughtless, and lazy than those who were less satisfied. Also, they did not describe cheir wives differently in supportiveness, domineering, and dependency. The officers' satisfaction with their marriages was not related to age, rank, educational level, years of work experience as a policeman, whether the shift worked was rotating or not, whether work at other jobs was done, or the hours worked at such jobs, whether there had been prior marriages, number of years of present marriage, wives' age, or off-dury activities. Such data suggest that most of these police officers were satisfied with their marriages and that satisfaction was higher if the officers had been employed as police officers prior to marriage. Other work-related variables were not associated wich rated marital satisfaction for this sample.
Incorporating memory layout in the modeling of message passing programs

One of the most fundamental tasks of an automatic parallelization tool is to find an optimal domain decomposition for a given application. For regular domain problems (such as simple matrix manipulations) this task may seem trivial. However, communication costs in message passing programs often significantly depend on the memory layout of data blocks to be transmitted. As a consequence, straightforward domain decompositions may be non-optimal. In this paper we introduce a new point-to-point communication model (called P-3PC) that is specifically designed to overcome this problem. In comparison with related models (e.g., LogGP) P-3PC is similar in complexity, but more accurate in many situations. Although the model is aimed at MPI's standard point-to-point operations, it is applicable to similar message passing definitions as well. The effectiveness of the model is tested in a framework for automatic parallelization of imaging applications. Experiments are performed on two Beowulf-type systems, each having a different interconnection network, and a different MPI implementation. Results show that, where other models frequently fail, P-3PC correctly predicts the communication costs related to any type of domain decomposition.
The Frontal Cortex and Exogenous Attentional Orienting

Normal functioning of the attentional orienting system is critical for effective behavior and is predicated on a balanced interaction between goal-directed (endogenous) processes and stimulus-driven (exogenous) processes. Although both systems have been subject to much investigation, little is known about the neural underpinnings of exogenous orienting. In the present study, we examined the early facilitatory effects and later inhibition of return effects of exogenous cues in patients with frontal and parietal lesions. Three novel findings emerged from this study. First, unilateral frontoparietal damage appears not to affect the early facilitation effects of exogenous cues. Second, dorsolateral prefrontal damage, especially lesions involving the inferior frontal gyrus, produces an exogenous disengage deficit (i.e., the sluggish withdrawal of attention from the ipsilesional to the contralesional field). Third, a subset of patients with dorsolateral prefrontal damage, with lesions involving the middle frontal gyrus, have a reorienting deficit that extends in duration well beyond established boundaries of the normal reflexive orienting system. These results suggest that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex plays an important role in exogenous orienting and that component processes of this system may be differentially impaired by damage to different parts of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
Differential information in large games with strategic complementarities

We study equilibrium in large games of strategic complementarities (GSC) with differential information. We define an appropriate notion of distributional Bayesian Nash equilibrium and prove its existence. Furthermore, we characterize order-theoretic properties of the equilibrium set, provide monotone comparative statics for ordered perturbations of the space of games, and provide explicit algorithms for computing extremal equilibria. We complement the paper with new results on the existence of Bayesian Nash equilibrium in the sense of Balder and Rustichini (J Econ Theory 62(2):385–393, 1994) or Kim and Yannelis (J Econ Theory 77(2):330–353, 1997) for large GSC and provide an analogous characterization of the equilibrium set as in the case of distributional Bayesian Nash equilibrium. Finally, we apply our results to riot games, beauty contests, and common value auctions. In all cases, standard existence and comparative statics tools in the theory of supermodular games for finite numbers of agents do not apply in general, and new constructions are required.
Effects of two cations on gastrointestinal absorption of ofloxacin

A study was performed to establish the effect of Al3+ and Fe2+ cations on the absorption of ofloxacin when it is administered orally at a dose of 200 mg. The study was carried out with nine volunteers, who each received three treatments (A [200 mg of ofloxacin], B [200 mg of ofloxacin plus 11 g of colloidal aluminum phosphate], and C [200 mg of ofloxacin plus 1,050 mg of FeSO4]) according to a Latin square design; the washout period was 1 week. The analytical technique was a microbiological diffusion method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the cumulative urinary excretion data and from a sigma-minus plot. The total amount of ofloxacin excreted in urine had a mean value of 163.59 +/- 22.13 mg when ofloxacin was administered alone, 152.41 +/- 18.76 mg when it was administered with Al3+, and 146.49 +/- 14.85 mg when it was administered with Fe2+. No statistically significant differences were found in the F values (fractions of dose absorbed) obtained with ofloxacin alone and ofloxacin plus Al3+ (P = 0.341). When ofloxacin alone was compared with joint administration with Fe2+ the value of F decreased 10.85%; this difference is statistically significant (P = 2.623 x 10(-2)).
Diagnostic procedures for Parkinson's disease dementia: Recommendations from the movement disorder society task force

A preceding article described the clinical features of Parkinson's disease dementia (PD‐D) and proposed clinical diagnostic criteria for “probable” and “possible” PD‐D. The main focus of this article is to operationalize the diagnosis of PD‐D and to propose pratical guidelines based on a two level process depending upon the clinical scenario and the expertise of the evaluator involved in the assessment. Level I is aimed primarily at the clinician with no particular expertise in neuropsychological methods, but who requires a simple, pragmatic set of tests that are not excessively time‐consuming. Level I can be used alone or in concert with Level II, which is more suitable when there is the need to specify the pattern and the severity on the dementia of PD‐D for clinical monitoring, research studies or pharmacological trials. Level II tests can also be proposed when the diagnosis of PD‐D remains uncertain or equivocal at the end of a Level I evaluation. Given the lack of evidence‐based standards for some tests when applied in this clinical context, we have tried to make practical and unambiguous recommendations, based upon the available literature and the collective experience of the Task Force. We accept, however, that further validation of certain tests and modifications in the recommended cut off values will be required through future studies. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism in Sturge-Weber Disease

A 50-year-old man with Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) and left cerebral hemisphere atrophy was studied using PET with O-15 oxygen and O-15 water in order to evaluate regional cerebral blood flow and energy metabolism in this condition. PET demonstrated decreased perfusion and increased oxygen extraction fraction in the affected left cerebral hemisphere and ipsilateral cerebellum. These findings suggest that a chronic state of reduced perfusion may be the etiology for the cerebral hemiatrophy seen in some patients with SWS.
Rapid synthesis of titanium(IV)‐immobilized magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles for endogenous phosphopeptides enrichment

The MALDI‐TOF MS has already been a main platform for phosphoproteome analysis. However, there are some weaknesses in direct analysis of endogenous phosphopeptides by MALDI‐TOF MS because of the serious suppression effect and poor ionization efficiency, which is brought by the excess of nonphosphopeptides and protein. It is essential to enrich endogenous phosphopeptides from complex biosamples efficiently prior to MALDI‐TOF MS analysis. Herein, we present a time‐saving and detailed protocol for the synthesis of titanium(iv)‐immobilized magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (denoted as Fe3O4@mSiO2‐Ti4+), the subsequent enrichment process, and MALDI‐TOF MS analysis. We tested the LOD, size‐exclusive effect, reproducibility, and stability of Fe3O4@mSiO2‐Ti4+ nanoparticles. Furthermore, the ability of this protocol for identifying endogenous phosphopeptides in healthy human serum and saliva was investigated.
Conditioned reinforcing value of the sample stimulus and resistance to change of delayed matching -to -sample performance in pigeons

Conditioned Reinforcing Value of the Sample Stimulus and Resistance to Change of Delayed Matching-to-Sample Performance in Pigeons Yusuke Hayashi Pigeons were trained on a two-component multiple schedule with a chain schedule in each component. According to a variable-interval schedule in the initial link, pecks on a center key produced a terminal link with a delayed matching-to-sample trial. A trial began with the onset of a red or green (Experiment 1) or green or blue (Experiment 2) light as a sample stimulus on the center key. The sample stimulus was followed by a retention interval during which all keys were dark, and then by comparison stimuli on the side keys. A response to the comparison stimulus that matched the sample stimulus was reinforced by access to food. The multiple-schedule components differed in terms of parameters that theoretically affect the conditioned reinforcing value of the sample stimulus. In Experiment 1, the value of the sample stimulus in one component was altered by increasing the length of the variable-interval schedule in the initial link of the chain schedule. In Experiment 2, the value was altered by superimposing responseindependent food deliveries during the initial link. The conditioned reinforcing value of the sample stimulus was assessed on occasional probes composed of a concurrent-chains schedule. The initial links were equal variable-interval schedules. The terminal links composed of the presentation of the sample stimuli associated with different delays to food reinforcement. To measure resistance to change of delayed matching-to-sample accuracy, stable performance was disrupted by prefeeding and extinction. In both experiments, results showed that there was no systematic relation between the conditioned reinforcing value of the sample stimuli and the resistance to change. Instead, the resistance to change was somewhat greater in the component with the higher rate of primary reinforcement in Experiment 2. This may suggest that, in accord with behavioral momentum theory, the resistance to change of delayed matching-to-sample accuracy is governed by rate of primary reinforcement.
Value co-creation with customers and its impact on capabilities

Value co-creation with customers is a new source to gain competitive advantage. However, the research in this area is still in its early stage. The link between co-creation activities and firm¿s capabilities is not clear. Using empirical study, this paper presents a new mechanism of value co-creation with customers. Such mechanism is governed by two principles: (1) customers are the integral part of such a co-creation system; (2) through value co-creation with customers, firms may not only gain new capability, but also enhance traditional capabilities.
An idealistic view of teaching: teacher students’ personal practical theories

Abstract Personal practical theories (PPTs) are built based on underlying beliefs, experiences, values and conceptions regarding ‘good teaching’. Having a vision of teaching and valuing the work may have a strong effect on one’s sense of identity, resilience and commitment. This study focused on Finnish teacher students’ (N = 84) PPTs constructed during the middle or at the end of their studies, on average during their fourth year of a five-year MA programme. All of the PPTs, written as statements (N = 647), were combined, and a unified conception of the theories was formed using inductive content analysis. The three main categories found were the foundations of good teaching, the teacher and the teacher’s daily work. The analysis of the statements shows that the notions of good teaching are very idealistic: they emphasise abstract ideologies and high standards for the teacher, but also everyday matters of teaching, although also here the ideology of the pupil’s individuality is at the centre. The paper concludes by arguing that it is good to have high aims and values for teaching, although in reality some of them might be difficult to achieve.
The assembly of developing motor neurons depends on an interplay between spontaneous activity, type II cadherins and gap junctions

A core structural and functional motif of the vertebrate central nervous system is discrete clusters of neurons or ‘nuclei’. Yet the developmental mechanisms underlying this fundamental mode of organisation are largely unknown. We have previously shown that the assembly of motor neurons into nuclei depends on cadherin-mediated adhesion. Here, we demonstrate that the emergence of mature topography among motor nuclei involves a novel interplay between spontaneous activity, cadherin expression and gap junction communication. We report that nuclei display spontaneous calcium transients, and that changes in the activity patterns coincide with the course of nucleogenesis. We also find that these activity patterns are disrupted by manipulating cadherin or gap junction expression. Furthermore, inhibition of activity disrupts nucleogenesis, suggesting that activity feeds back to maintain integrity among motor neurons within a nucleus. Our study suggests that a network of interactions between cadherins, gap junctions and spontaneous activity governs neuron assembly, presaging circuit formation. Highlighted article: A network of interactions between cadherins, gap junctions and spontaneous activity governs the assembly of cranial motor neurons into functional groups in the chick brainstem.
An alternative access to the frontal sinus alongside a rare orbital finding in chronic sinusitis

Significance: Advances in minimally invasive techniques have provided new strategies in the management of chronic frontal sinusitis. Surgical access to the frontal sinuses remains essential for treatment. Findings: Retrograde atraumatic cannulation of the frontal recess serves an adjunctive role to the external trephine approach to frontal recess stenosis. Conclusion: Chronic inflammation of the frontal sinuses may further coexist with orbital neoplasia. Retrograde access of the frontal recess is a useful technique in such challenging refractory cases. A 68yo Caucasian female nurse with a history of hypertension and chronic rhinosinusitis with polyposis requiring multiple (eight) previous endoscopic sinus surgeries 10-weeks status-post revision frontal sinus surgery presented with complaints of right frontal headache and right periorbital swelling during the preceding week. These symptoms were preceded by bilateral epiphora for eight weeks due to 100% bilateral nasolacrimal duct obstruction. She denied fever, change in vision, photophobia or purulent nasal drainage. Ongoing medical management of chronic sinusitis included daily 0.25mg/mL budesonide topical sinus irrigation and 200mg oral itraconazole therapy for the past four-years in addition to daily 2% mupirocen topical sinus irrigation during the preceding one-year. She is a nonsmoker and denied use of alcohol or illicit drugs. Her family history was notable for her father who is deceased secondary to complications of leukemia. On examination, there was right forehead tenderness to palpation with ptosis and a palpable two-centimeter subdermal mass of the right upper eyelid that was superficial to the tarsal plate. Pupils were equal, round and reactive to light and extra-ocular movements were intake in all cardinal directions. There were no external nasal deformities. Nasal endoscopic examination revealed healthy nasal mucosa of the nasal cavities without evidence of purulent drainage or polyps obstructing the sinus ostia despite partial obstruction of the right frontal recess secondary to mucosal thickening. Cranial nerves II-XII were tested and intact. The patient was evaluated by the Ophthalmology service and examination revealed 20/25 (OD) and 20/20 (OS). Confrontation fields were full bilaterally and slit lamp exam demonstrated normal conjunctiva, anterior chamber, lens, and cornea. Lacrimal examination demonstrated puncta in good position and without stenosis, however 100% obstruction on probing/irrigation of the nasolacrimal ducts bilaterally. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 CT imaging of the paranasal sinuses demonstrated complete opacification of the frontal sinuses bilaterally with internal debris (orange arrow) seen in the left maxillary sinus and additional osteoneogenesis of the frontal bone (orange arrow) compatible with chronic inflammatory change (Figures 1 6).
Iron-Sulfur Cluster Biogenesis in Chloroplasts. Involvement of the Scaffold Protein CpIscA1

The chloroplast contains many iron (Fe)-sulfur (S) proteins for the processes of photosynthesis and nitrogen and S assimilation. Although isolated chloroplasts are known to be able to synthesize their own Fe-S clusters, the machinery involved is largely unknown. Recently, a cysteine desulfurase was reported in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; AtCpNifS) that likely provides the S for Fe-S clusters. Here, we describe an additional putative component of the plastid Fe-S cluster assembly machinery in Arabidopsis: CpIscA, which has homology to bacterial IscA and SufA proteins that have a scaffold function during Fe-S cluster formation. CpIscA mRNA was shown to be expressed in all tissues tested, with higher expression level in green, photosynthetic tissues. The plastid localization of CpIscA was confirmed by green fluorescent protein fusions, in vitro import, and immunoblotting experiments. CpIscA was cloned and purified after expression in Escherichia coli. Addition of CpIscA significantly enhanced CpNifS-mediated in vitro reconstitution of the 2Fe-2S cluster in apo-ferredoxin. During incubation with CpNifS in a reconstitution mix, CpIscA was shown to acquire a transient Fe-S cluster. The Fe-S cluster could subsequently be transferred by CpIscA to apo-ferredoxin. We propose that the CpIscA protein serves as a scaffold in chloroplast Fe-S cluster assembly.