Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Means-End Task Analysis and Context-Specific and Global Self-Efficacy in Emergency Certification Teachers: Exploring a New Model of Teacher Efficacy.

While consistently related to positive teacher behaviors and student outcomes, teacher efficacy as a construct is currently the subject of debate. The present study examined a new model of teacher efficacy (Tschannen-Moran, Woolfolk Uoy, & Hoy, 1998) that proposes to more clearly define important variables and integrate two theoretical traditions in the study of teacher efficacy. A new instrument was developed to assess a means-end task analysis and context specific efficacy, both important parts of the model. Task analysis and both global and context specific efficacy were measured in 109 emergency certification teachers since task analysis may be more explicit for novice teachers. Factor analyses of the global and context specific efficacy measures suggested subtle but important distinctions in constructs related to efficacy. Canonical correlation analysis indicated the importance of personal teaching competence to instructional efficacy judgments and external locus of control to classroom management efficacy. Although task analysis was not found to be a significant predictor of either global or context specific efficacy, exploratory results suggested potential value of task analysis in future assessments of teacher efficacy. General support was found for the Tschannen-Moral et al. model. (Contains 32 references.) (Author/SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
Is the use of insulin lispro safe in pregnancy?

Objective: To provide a review of the use and safety of insulin lispro during pregnancy. Methods: This is a review of the available literature on the use of insulin lispro in pregnancy. A MEDLINE search was performed which included published manuscripts and abstracts in the English language to June 2001. Results: The extensive search revealed that data on insulin lispro use during pregnancy are limited. Most of the reports on the use of insulin lispro during pregnancy demonstrated improvement of glycemic control, an increase in patient satisfaction, decreased hypoglycemic episodes, improved maternal and neonatal outcomes, and no deterioration in retinal status. However, there were two reports where it was suggested that there was an association with the use of insulin lispro in pregnancy and increased risk for the development of congenital anomalies and/or development or progression of diabetic retinopathy. Conclusions: Preliminary data suggest that insulin lispro does not have adverse maternal or fetal effects during pregnancy in women with diabetes. The use of insulin lispro during pregnancy results in improved glycemic control, fewer hypoglycemic episodes, improved patient satisfaction, improved maternal and neonatal outcomes and no deterioration in retinal status. There is no evidence that the use of insulin lispro during pregnancy results in an increased rate of congenital malformations. A prospective randomized clinical trial is imperative for further evaluation of any possible association with the use of insulin lispro during pregnancy and an increased rate of congenital malformations or change in retinal status.
ScanSim: A tool for simulating optical-CT imaging

A software tool has been developed that can simulate image formation in a variety of optical-CT scanning configurations. The formalism of the simulation is introduced, including two main modes: a diverging point source mode, and a converging broad beam mode. Preliminary results are presented for scanning Presage dosimeters in both modes and immersed in refractive media of widely varying refractive index (RI), including air, water, and a fully matched medium. Pronounced differences in the edge artifacts and accuracy of reconstructed coefficients is observed. The ScanSim software is shown to be a useful tool to investigate and quantify many aspects of optical-CT image formation, including reducing dependence on matching fluids.
Electrical Wiring of the Aldehyde Oxidoreductase PaoABC with a Polymer Containing Osmium Redox Centers: Biosensors for Benzaldehyde and GABA

Biosensors for the detection of benzaldehyde and γ−aminobutyric acid (GABA) are reported using aldehyde oxidoreductase PaoABC from Escherichia coli immobilized in a polymer containing bound low potential osmium redox complexes. The electrically connected enzyme already electrooxidizes benzaldehyde at potentials below −0.15 V (vs. Ag|AgCl, 1 M KCl). The pH-dependence of benzaldehyde oxidation can be strongly influenced by the ionic strength. The effect is similar with the soluble osmium redox complex and therefore indicates a clear electrostatic effect on the bioelectrocatalytic efficiency of PaoABC in the osmium containing redox polymer. At lower ionic strength, the pH-optimum is high and can be switched to low pH-values at high ionic strength. This offers biosensing at high and low pH-values. A “reagentless” biosensor has been formed with enzyme wired onto a screen-printed electrode in a flow cell device. The response time to addition of benzaldehyde is 30 s, and the measuring range is between 10–150 µM and the detection limit of 5 µM (signal to noise ratio 3:1) of benzaldehyde. The relative standard deviation in a series (n = 13) for 200 µM benzaldehyde is 1.9%. For the biosensor, a response to succinic semialdehyde was also identified. Based on this response and the ability to work at high pH a biosensor for GABA is proposed by coimmobilizing GABA-aminotransferase (GABA-T) and PaoABC in the osmium containing redox polymer.
The thalamic reticular nucleus is activated by cortical spreading depression in freely moving rats: prevention by acute valproate administration

This study investigated the effect of repetitive cortical spreading depression (CSD) on behaviour and the anatomical and physiological patterns of cellular activation of cortical and subcortical areas in awake, moving rats. Rat behaviours in response to repetitive CSD events evoked by the application of KCl were quantified with electrophysiological recording. Immunohistochemistry was used to quantify anatomical regions of cellular activation. The effects of acute valproic acid administration on the behavioural parameters and cellular activation were evaluated. CSD significantly decreased locomotor activity and induced freezing in awake, moving rats, and stimulated c‐Fos expression in the cortex, trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC), and amygdala. CSD also resulted in a prominent increase in c‐Fos expression in the ipsilateral thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) visual sector. Electrophysiological recordings revealed propagation of CSD into the TRN. Valproic acid pretreatment decreased the duration of CSD‐induced freezing episodes and reversed the CSD‐induced reduction in locomotor activity. Acute valproic acid administration also significantly blocked CSD‐induced c‐Fos expression in the TNC and TRN. These findings show that CSD events cause consistent behavioural responses and activate specific brain regions in awake, freely moving rats. Selective activation of TRN by CSD and the suppression of this activation by valproic acid suggest that this brain region may play an important role in migraine pathogenesis and may represent a novel target for migraine therapy.
Human detection using geometrical pixel value structures

We propose a statistical method to detect human(s) in images by using geometrical structures that are common to the appearances of the target objects (human figures). Most appearance-based methods focus on pixel values directly, because the same classes of objects usually have similar pixel value distributions. However, this is not true for some particular objects. Humans are a good example. Human figures have a variety of different clothes, and their pixel values (color, brightness) can vary significantly from person to person. In this case, geometrical structures observed as pixel-value distances are essential for the successful recognition of objects. In this paper, we propose a method to describe and recognize the appearances of objects based on geometrical structures. The representation is based on a statistical analysis of Mahalanobis distances among parts of images. Using our method, objects having pixel value variety can be recognized using a small number of appearance models. Experimental results for human figures demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Dietary protein intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study and a meta-analysis of prospective studies.

BACKGROUND Reported associations between protein intake from different sources and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE We prospectively examined the relations of total, animal, and plant protein intakes with incident T2D. DESIGN We followed 21,523 participants (women: 61.7%) between 1990 and 2007 from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study who were free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and kidney stones at baseline. We also conducted a meta-analysis that included the results from our cohort and from 10 previous prospective studies. RESULTS A total of 929 new cases (4.3%) of T2D were documented during a mean of 11.7 y of follow-up. Multivariate-adjusted ORs for incident T2D in the highest compared with lowest quintiles of total and animal protein intakes as percentages of energy were 1.23 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.56; P-trend = 0.029) and 1.29 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.67; P-trend = 0.014), respectively. These associations appeared to be greater in men and in participants with normal baseline plasma glucose, body mass index, or blood pressure. Plant protein intake was inversely associated with incident T2D in women only (OR; 0.60; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.99). In the meta-analysis of 11 prospective cohort studies with 505,624 participants and 37,918 T2D cases (follow-up range: 5-24 y), pooled RRs for the comparison of the highest with lowest categories of total, animal, and plant protein intakes were 1.09 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.13), 1.19 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.28), and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.02), respectively. Associations between animal protein intake and T2D were similar across sex, geographic region, length of follow-up, study quality, and method of expressing protein intake. An inverse association between plant protein intake and T2D was observed in women (RR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.00) and in US populations (RR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.97). CONCLUSION Higher intakes of total and animal protein were both associated with increased risks of T2D, whereas higher plant protein intake tended to be associated with lower risk of T2D.
Packet Reordering Inside the Sprint Backbone

— In this paper we study the magnitude and causes of packet reordering in the Internet using data collected at a POP on the Sprint IP Backbone. We develop a methodology that uses TCP packet-level traces to infer the cause for reordering without the need of the complete TCP connection information (i.e. both data and acknowledgement paths). We classify reordering in two classes depending on the cause of reordering: i) router design or routing changes and ii) retransmission due to the fast retransmit algorithm or to the retransmit timeout. In contrast with what has been reported in previous studies, our analysis shows that reordering occurs in the backbone with a relatively low frequency.
Resazurin as a “smart” tracer for quantifying metabolically active transient storage in stream ecosystems

[1] We propose the experimental use of resazurin (Raz) and develop a metabolically active transient storage (MATS) model to include processes that may provide additional information on transient storage from a biogeochemical perspective in stream ecosystems. Raz is a phenoxazine compound that reduces irreversibly to resorufin (Rru) in the presence of aerobic bacteria. Raz was added as a stream tracer to a 128-m reach of the forested second-order Riera de Santa Fe del Montseny (Catalonia, NE Spain), along with a conservative tracer, NaCl. Raz was transformed to Rru at a rate of 0.81 h � 1 in the hyporheic zone and only at a rate of 9.9 � 10 � 4 h � 1 in the stream surface channel. Raz transformation and decay and Rru production and decay were both correlated with O2 consumption measured at wells. The ratio of Raz to Rru concentration at the bottom of the reach was moderately correlated with instantaneous rates of net ecosystem production (NEP) measured over the whole reach. Data for Raz, Rru, and chloride were well fitted with the MATS model. The results from this study suggest that Raz transformation to Rru can be used as a ‘‘smart’’ tracer to detect metabolic activity, specifically aerobic respiration, associated with transient storage zones in stream ecosystems. Therefore, the Raz-Rru system can provide an assessment of the amount of transient storage that is metabolically active, an assessment that complements the physical characterization of transient storage obtained from conventional hydrologic tracers. The use of both physical and metabolic parameters of transient storage obtained with these tracers may increase our understanding of the relevance of transient storage on stream biogeochemical processes at whole reach scale, as well as the contribution of the different transient storage compartments to these processes.
The ontogenetic origins of mirror neurons: evidence from ‘tool-use’ and ‘audiovisual’ mirror neurons

Since their discovery, mirror neurons—units in the macaque brain that discharge both during action observation and execution—have attracted considerable interest. Whether mirror neurons are an innate endowment or acquire their sensorimotor matching properties ontogenetically has been the subject of intense debate. It is widely believed that these units are an innate trait; that we are born with a set of mature mirror neurons because their matching properties conveyed upon our ancestors an evolutionary advantage. However, an alternative view is that mirror neurons acquire their matching properties during ontogeny, through correlated experience of observing and performing actions. The present article re-examines frequently overlooked neurophysiological reports of ‘tool-use’ and ‘audiovisual’ mirror neurons within the context of this debate. It is argued that these findings represent compelling evidence that mirror neurons are a product of sensorimotor experience, and not an innate endowment.
Traditional Herbal Medicine-Derived Sulforaphene LFS-01 Reverses Colitis in Mice by Selectively Altering the Gut Microbiota and Promoting Intestinal Gamma-Delta T Cells

Sulforaphene (LFS-01) is a natural compound derived from traditional herbal medicine. Here, we show that oral administration of LFS-01 is able to dramatically alter the skewed gut microbiota and reverse colitis in model mice associated with an increase of intestinal γδT cells. Through 16S rDNA sequencing, we showed that LFS-01 can selectively suppress enteric pathogens such as Escherichia–Shigella and Helicobacter whereas the protective strains including Lactobacillus and Lachnospiraceae were significantly expanded after LFS-01 treatment. Interestingly, we demonstrated that LFS-01 administration can significantly promote the IL-17+γδT cells in model mice in response to the expanded Lactobacillus. We verified that the intracellular components of Lactobacillus can stimulate the growth of IL-17+γδT cells upon preincubation. The increased IL-17A after LFS-01 treatment in turn recovers the disrupted occludin subcellular location and protects the epithelial barrier in the colon of model mice. Remarkably, LFS-01 does not show apparent toxicity to animals and we demonstrated that LFS-01 also exerts strong protective effects in TNBS-induced colitis rats. Therefore, LFS-01 holds great promise for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and warrants translation for use in clinical trials. Our work provided a new avenue for the treatment of IBD based on the strategy of harnessing intestinal symbiosis.
Morozov's discrepancy principle for Tikhonov-type functionals with nonlinear operators

In this paper we deal with Morozov's discrepancy principle as an a posteriori parameter choice rule for Tikhonov regularization with general convex penalty terms Ψ for nonlinear inverse problems. It is shown that a regularization parameter α fulfilling the discprepancy principle exists, whenever the operator F satisfies some basic conditions, and that for suitable penalty terms the regularized solutions converge to the true solution in the topology induced by Ψ. It is illustrated that for this parameter choice rule it holds α → 0, δq/α → 0 as the noise level δ goes to 0. Finally, we establish convergence rates with respect to the generalized Bregman distance and a numerical example is presented.
Estrategias para la enseñanza de la célula aplicadas por docentes de Educación Básica

The teaching strategies have been defined as the procedures used to promote the achievement of significant learning in students. The objective of this research was to identify the strategies for the teaching of the cell applied by teachers of the 9th grade of basic education. This qualitative research approach followed the pattern of case studies, in which two teachers were involved. The data was collected by applying the non-participant observation, the interview and the devices analysis techniques. The methodological triangulation was used for the analysis of data. The categories were established according to the teaching strategies proposed by Diaz and Hernandez (2004). The predominant strategy found was the use of oral speech, in which the use of signs and questions stood out. The results revealed inconsistencies among the strategies proposed by the curriculum, those proposed by the teachers in the interviews, and those observed in the classroom.
Customer satisfaction should not be the only goal

The authors address the nature of the relationship between evaluative satisfaction and loyalty. Recent research suggests that this relationship is not linear and uni-directional but curvilinear, mediated by several interacting situational and psychological variables (Oliver, 1999). If, however, both attitudinal loyalty and satisfaction are conceptualized as latent, internal constructs, then it may be that they are formed simultaneously, not sequentially. While there is some evidence for divergence between emotion-laden satisfaction and loyalty, there is little evidence in the literature on the divergence of evaluative satisfaction from loyalty. The authors address and resolve questions raised by prior research by examining empirically, within a business-to-business context, that evaluative-satisfaction and loyalty are associated but different constructs. The results of structural equation modeling indicate that satisfaction and loyalty have divergent validity. Thus, the relationship between satisfaction and loyalty is not necessary, but dependent upon situational and psychological factors.
Genotype distribution of Candida albicans strains associated with different conditions of vulvovaginal candidiasis, as revealed by microsatellite typing

Objective: To compare genotypes of Candida albicans strains causing different conditions of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in Chinese women. Methods: C albicans strains were isolated from the vaginas of patients with different conditions of VVC. The genotypes of the strains were investigated based on single-strand conformation polymorphisms (SSCP) of the PCR amplified microsatellite locus CAI. Results: A total of 93 independent C albicans strains was isolated from patients with mild-to-moderate (n = 37) or severe (n = 56) VVC. Thirty of the patients enrolled suffered recurrent VVC. Twenty-six distinct genotypes tentatively designated as A to Z were identified from the 93 C albicans strains compared on the basis of their CAI SSCP patterns. The majority (72.0%) of the strains possessed genotypes A to D, which were similar in the CAI SSCP profiles and were designated as the dominant genotypes. The overall frequencies of the four dominant genotypes were 87.5% (49/56) and 48.6% (18/37; p<0.001) in the C albicans strains from patients with severe and mild-to-moderate VVC, respectively. The strains with the dominant genotypes occupied 83.3% (25/30) and 66.7% (42/63; p = 0.094) in the C albicans strains from patients with recurrent VVC and sporadic VVC, respectively. Conclusion: The frequency of C albicans strains with the dominant genotypes (A to D) from patients with severe VVC was significantly higher than that from patients with mild-to-moderate VVC, implying that the CAI genotype distribution of C albicans strains correlates with the severity of VVC.
Brand Love is in the Heart: Physiological Responding to Advertised Brands

ABSTRACT Advertising executive Kevin Roberts proposed that premium proﬁts lie in strong emotionalconnections with brands that engender “loyalty beyond reason. ” This study uses psychophysiologicalmeasures to empirically investigate the basic premises asserted by Roberts (2005): consumers’connections with brands are rooted in emotion, and that consumers connect with their ownidiosyncratic set of brands. Data support this conceptualization of brand love. Individuals’ unique setof more-loved brands elicited characteristically positive emotional responses. This was not the casefor category preferences. The notion of brand love, which varies at an individual level, is compatiblewith the current trend toward targeted advertising. C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Brands are an inescapable part of everyday life. Withnew media opening new venues for advertisers to ex-ploreandwithguerillaadvertisementsﬁllinganyavail-able space, advertisers understand that brands mustbreak through the clutter and ﬁnd a way to com-pete for consumers’ overwrought attention. Despite theonslaught of advertising, brands have been success-ful at engaging the consumer. Consumers have as-signed human characteristics to brands (Levy, 1985),considered brands as their counterpart in an interper-sonal relationship (Fournier, 1998), and built commu-nities around brands (Schouten & McAlexander, 1995). This research suggests that consumers have estab-lished emotional relationships with the brands theybuy. Some, like Saatchi & Saatchi CEO Kevin Roberts(2005), propose that this relationship is one of “loyaltybeyond reason” (p. 66), or one of deep emotional con-nection similar to love. Roberts’ emotional connectionto a product that a consumer has encourages brandloyalty despite the presence of other, more logical al-ternatives. Roberts does not advocate for separatingemotion and rationality, but instead suggests that theemotional attachment individuals have to brands isstrong enough to be considered love. Likewise, Robertsdoes not make assertions about psychological scienceor how emotion is conceptualized. He does make as-sertions about the emotional connection people have tobrands, and testing those assertions is the purpose ofthis study.Previous research substantiates Roberts’ assump-tion that consumers forge emotional connections withbrands (for reviews, see Poels & Dewitte, 2006; Wiles& Cornwell, 1990). However, these studies used printor television advertisements as stimulus material. Be-cause individuals also respond to structural and con-textual cues presented in advertisements (Lang, 1990),their responses to brands alone are confounded. Thecurrent study isolates individuals’ responses to thebrand by presenting only brand logos as stimuli. Logosare a static representation of a brand that are sufﬁ-cient for brand identiﬁcation. Thus, without the visualand aural cues present in advertisements, logos allowfor the measurement of responses to a brand, not to anadvertisement’s contextual cues.