Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Continuum thinking and the contexts of personal information management

Introduction. Recent personal information management literature has underlined the significance of the contextuality of personal information and its use. The present article discusses the applicability of the records continuum model and its generalisation, continuum thinking, as a theoretical framework for explicating the overlap and evolution of the diverse contexts of personal information and their implications for personal information management practices. Method. This article is based on three empirical case studies on 1) the personal information management practices of sound artists (qualitative semi-structured interviews), 2) graduate students' management of scholarly articles (web survey of Swedish students) and 3) the management of personal archives at Swedish archival institutions (qualitative semi-structured interviews). Analysis. The empirical material was analysed using the constant comparative method (case 1), nonparametric statistical tests including Friedman's test, Kruskal-Wallis analysis, Wilcoxon-Signed Rank test, Mann-Whitney-U test and Chi-square test in SPSS version 20.0 (case 2), and thematic analysis (case 3). Results. The continuum approach and the conceptualisation of diverse contextual aspects of personal information management as axes on a Giddensian spatio-temporal continuum can help to understand the contextual changes and continuities of personal information management and use. Conclusions. The records continuum model provides a useful theoretical basis for explicating personal information management as a process of Giddensian time-space structuration similarly to how Upward argued that the theory is useful in the context of explicating the record-keeping process and, in more general terms, providing a framework for theorising particular types of document-centric management processes.
Energy-Efficient Thread Assignment Optimization for Heterogeneous Multicore Systems

The current trend to move from homogeneous to heterogeneous multicore systems provides compelling opportunities for achieving performance and energy efficiency goals. Running multiple threads in multicore systems poses challenges on meeting limited shared resources, such as memory bandwidth. We propose an optimization approach that includes an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) optimization model and a scheme to dynamically determine thread-to-core assignment. We present simulation analysis that shows energy savings and performance gains for a variety of workloads compared to state-of-the-art schemes. We implemented and evaluated a prototype of our thread assignment approach at user level, leveraging Linux scheduling and performance-monitoring capabilities.
Sphingosine 1-phosphate stimulates Rho-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and paxillin in Swiss 3 T 3 fibroblasts

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (SPP), a sphingolipid second messenger implicated in the mitogenic action of platelet-derived growth factor [Olivera, A. and Spiegel, S. (1993) Nature (London) 365, 557–560], induced rapid reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton resulting in stress-fibre formation. SPP also induced transient tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (p125FAK), a cytosolic tyrosine kinase that localizes in focal adhesions, and of the cytoskeleton-associated protein paxillin. Exoenzyme C3 transferase, which ADP-ribosylates Rho (a Ras-related small GTPbinding protein) on asparagine-41 and renders it biologically inactive, inhibited both stress-fibre formation and protein tyrosine phosphorylation induced by SPP. Thus Rho may be an upstream regulator of both stress-fibre formation and tyrosine phosphorylation of p125FAK and paxillin. Pretreatment with
Navigating the "little brain": Comprehensive Mapping of Functional Organisation

i Acknowledgements . ii List of Tables . iv List of Figures . v 1.Introduction . 1 1.1 The Cerebellum is Functionally Heterogeneous . 1 1.2 Clinical Evidence . 1 1.3 Neuroimaging Evidence . 2 1.4 Cortical-Cerebellar Loops . 3 1.5 Gap in the Literature . 3 1.6 Comprehensive Map of Functional Organisation: A Novel Approach . 4 1.7 Summary of Results . 5 2. Methods. 6 2.1 Participants and Ethics Statement . 6 2.2 Behavioural Training . 6 2.3 Scanning Sessions . 6 2.4 Image Acquisition . 7 2.5 General Procedural Details . 7 . 10 2.6 Imaging analysis . 11 2.7 Evaluation of Task-Evoked Activity Patterns . 12 2.8 Evaluation of Representational Structure . 12 2.9 Estimating a Comprehensive Map of Functional Organisation . 13 3. Results . 15 3.1 Summary of Methods . 15 3.2 Activity Maps . 15 3.3 Understanding Task Structure in the Cerebellum . 19 3.4 Comprehensive Map of Functional Organisation . 24 . 26 3.5 Functional Boundaries Do Not Coincide with Lobular Assignment . 27 4. Discussion . 28 4.1 Summary of Approach and Results . 28 4.2 Functional Topography Relative to Previous Investigations . 28 4.3 Functional Boundaries of the Cerebellum . 31 4.5 Limitations of the Current Work . 31 4.4 Understanding the “What” and “Why” of Cerebellar Heterogeneity . 32 4.6 An Outlook to the Future of Cerebellar Neuroimaging . 33 5. Conclusion . 34 5.1 Two Main Contributions to the Field . 34 6. References . 35
Recursive algorithm , architectures and FPGA implementation of the 2-D DCT

In this paper, a new recursive algorithm and two types of circuit architectures are presented for the computation of the two dimensional discrete cosine transform (2-D DCT). The new algorithm permits to compute the 2-D DCT by a simple procedure of the 1-D recursive calculations involving only cosine coefficients. The recursive kernel for the proposed algorithm contains a small number of operations. Also, it requires a smaller number of pre-computed data compared to many of existing algorithms in the same category. The kernel can be easily implemented in a simple circuit block with a short critical delay path. In different functions, this architecture needs only approximately one half of the hardware that is required in the first architecture, which has been confirmed by a FPGA implementation.
Functions of Code Switching in Egypt: Evidence from Monologues

This book examines diglossia within the framework of code-switching through an analysis of negation, deixis, and mood marking in Arabic monologues. It reassesses theoretical approaches to diglossia and code-switching in the light of empirical data, and examines the discourse functions of code-switching and the factors that influence it.
Evolution of the Ionizing Background and the Epoch of Reionization from the Spectra of z ∼ 6 Quasars

We study the process of cosmic reionization and estimate the ionizing background in the intergalactic medium (IGM) using the Lyman series absorption in the spectra of the four quasars at 5.7 < z < 6.3 discovered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We derive the redshift evolution of the ionizing background at high redshifts, using both semianalytic techniques and cosmological simulations to model the density fluctuations in the IGM. The existence of the complete Lyα Gunn-Peterson (GP) trough in the spectrum of the z = 6.28 quasar SDSS 1030+0524 indicates a photoionization rate (Γ-12 in units of 10-12 s-1) at z ∼ 6 lower than 0.08, at least a factor of 6 smaller than the value at z ∼ 3. The Lyβ and Lyγ GP troughs give an even stronger limit Γ-12 ≲ 0.02 due to their smaller oscillator strengths, indicating that the ionizing background in the IGM at z ∼ 6 is more than 20 times lower than that at z ∼ 3. Meanwhile, the volume-averaged neutral hydrogen fraction increases from 10-5 at z ∼ 3 to greater than 10-3 at z ∼ 6. At this redshift, the mass-averaged neutral hydrogen fraction is larger than 1%; the mildly overdense regions (δ > 3) are still mostly neutral, and the comoving mean free path of ionizing photons is shorter than 8 Mpc. Comparison with simulations of cosmological reionization shows that the observed properties of the IGM at z ∼ 6 are typical of those in the era at the end of the overlap stage of reionization when the individual H II regions merge. Thus z ∼ 6 marks the end of the reionization epoch. The redshift of reionization constrains the small-scale power of the mass-density fluctuations and the star-forming efficiency of the first generation of objects.
The Roles of Phenotypic Plasticity and Genotypic Specialization in High Altitude Adaptation

ii Dedication iv Acknowledgements v Grant Information vi List of Tables and Figures ix Chapter I: Phenotypic Plasticity in Blood-Oxygen Transport in Highland and Lowland Deer Mice 1 Abstract 2 Introduction 3 Materials and Methods 7 Results 10 Discussion 11 Acknowledgements 17 References 18 Figures and Tables 29 Chapter II: Highland and lowland deer mice exhibit different hematological acclimation responses to chronic hypoxia 35 Abstract 36 Introduction 37
Regional cerebral blood flow during word and nonword reading

The purpose of this study was to examine changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using positron emission tomography (PET) during overt word and nonword reading tasks to determine structures involved in semantic processing. Ten young, healthy, right‐handed subjects were scanned 12 times, twice in each of six specific conditions. Blood flow was measured by 15O‐water using standard PET imaging technology. The rCBFs during different cognitive conditions were compared by using analysis of covariance (SPM94), which resulted in three‐dimensional maps of those brain regions more active in one condition relative to another. When the subjects read aloud words with difficult or unusual grapheme‐phoneme translations (i.e., third‐order approximation to English or irregularly spelled real words), increases in activation were seen in the inferior frontal cortex. When subjects were reading aloud regular and irregular words (which had important semantic components relative to nonwords), activation of the fusiform gyrus was seen. These data are broadly consistent with brain regions generally associated with reading based on other neuropsychological paradigms, and they emphasize the multicomponent aspects of this complex cognitive process. Hum. Brain Mapping 5:84–92, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Energy Efficient Power Allocation Schemes for a Two-User Network-Coded Cooperative Cognitive Radio Network

This paper investigates the outage behavior and power allocation problem in a two-user network-coded cooperative cognitive radio network over Rayleigh fading channels. First, we derive an exact expression for the outage probability of the secondary transmissions, and then we propose an approximate expression whose validity limits are later evaluated. To improve the power efficiency of the secondary network, two power allocation schemes are proposed. In the first scheme, the transmit power is adjusted as a function of the average channel gains and the power control is formulated as a convex optimization problem where the objective is to minimize the total transmit power subject to outage probability constraints. In the second scheme, the transmit power is adjusted as a function of the instantaneous channel gains to guarantee a target signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio at the receiver. We evaluate the performance of both schemes under cooperative and non-cooperative scenarios considering different network geometries. Our results indicate that the benefits of network coding cooperation are substantial for both power allocation schemes.
Mining problem-solving strategies from HCI data

Can we learn about users' problem-solving strategies by observing their actions? This article introduces a data mining system that extracts complex behavioral patterns from logged user actions to discover users' high-level strategies. Our application domain is an HCI study aimed at revealing users' strategies in an end-user debugging task and understanding how the strategies relate to gender and to success. We cast this problem as a sequential pattern discovery problem, where user strategies are manifested as sequential behavior patterns. Problematically, we found that the patterns discovered by standard data mining algorithms were difficult to interpret and provided limited information about high-level strategies. To help interpret the patterns as strategies, we examined multiple ways of clustering the patterns into meaningful groups. This collectively led to interesting findings about users' behavior in terms of both gender differences and debugging success. These common behavioral patterns were novel HCI findings about differences in males' and females' behavior with software, and were verified by a parallel study with an independent data set on strategies. As a research endeavor into the interpretability issues faced by data mining techniques, our work also highlights important research directions for making data mining more accessible to non-data-mining experts.
Artificial Science– a simulation test-bed for studying the social processes of science

it is likely that there are many different social processes occurring in different parts of science and at different times, and that these processes will impact upon the nature, quality and quantity of the knowledge that is produced in a multitude of ways and to different extents. It seems clear to me that sometimes the social processes act to increase the reliability of knowledge (such as when there is a tradition of independently reproducing experiments) but sometimes does the opposite (when a closed clique act to perpetuate itself by reducing opportunity for criticism). Simulation can perform a valuable role here by providing and refining possible linkages between the kinds of social processes and its results in terms of knowledge. Earlier simulations of this sort include Gilbert et al. in [10]. The simulation described herein aims to progress this work with a more structural and descriptive approach, that relates what is done by individuals and journals and what collectively results in terms of the overall process.
An appearance-based representation of action

A new view-based approach to the representation of action is presented. Our underlying representations are view-based descriptions of the coarse image motion associated with viewing given actions from particular directions. Using these descriptions, we propose an appearance-based action-recognition strategy comprised of two stages: 1) a motion energy image (MEI) is computed that grossly describes the spatial distribution of motion energy for a given view of a given action, and the input MEI is matched against stored models which span the range of views of known actions; 2) any models that plausibly match the input are tested for a coarse, categorical agreement between a stored motion model of the action and a parametrization of the input motion. Using a "sitting" action as an example, and using a manually placed stick model, we develop a representation and verification technique that collapses the temporal variations of the motion parameters into a single, low-order vector.
Cherry Antioxidants: From Farm to Table

The dietary consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with a lower incidence of degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancers. Most recent interest has focused on the bioactive phenolic compounds found in vegetable products. Sweet and sour cherries contain several antioxidants and polyphenols that possess many biological activities, such as antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammation properties. The review describes the effect of environment and other factors (such as production, handling and storage) on the nutritional properties of cherries, with particular attention to polyphenol compounds. Moreover the health benefits of cherries and their polyphenols against human diseases such as heart disease, cancers, diabetes are reviewed.
An introduction to the local Langlands correspondence

In these notes, based on my lectures at the FRG workshop on “Characters, Liftings, and Types” at American University in June 2012, I give an introduction to the conjectural Local Langlands Correspondence (LLC), for split semisimple groups over a nonarchimedean local field. This conjecture has been evolving over the past 45 years (with roots going back much further) to the point that today’s statement of the LLC may at first sight seem mysterious, technically forbidding and perhaps even unnatural, when in fact the LLC has become a central touchstone in the representation theory of reductive groups, regardless of whether or not it is true.
L-Dopa Modulates Functional Connectivity in Striatal Cognitive and Motor Networks: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study

Functional connectivity (FC) analyses of resting-state fMRI data allow for the mapping of large-scale functional networks, and provide a novel means of examining the impact of dopaminergic challenge. Here, using a double-blind, placebo-controlled design, we examined the effect of l-dopa, a dopamine precursor, on striatal resting-state FC in 19 healthy young adults. We examined the FC of 6 striatal regions of interest (ROIs) previously shown to elicit networks known to be associated with motivational, cognitive and motor subdivisions of the caudate and putamen (Di Martino et al., 2008). In addition to replicating the previously demonstrated patterns of striatal FC, we observed robust effects of l-dopa. Specifically, l-dopa increased FC in motor pathways connecting the putamen ROIs with the cerebellum and brainstem. Although l-dopa also increased FC between the inferior ventral striatum and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, it disrupted ventral striatal and dorsal caudate FC with the default mode network. These alterations in FC are consistent with studies that have demonstrated dopaminergic modulation of cognitive and motor striatal networks in healthy participants. Recent studies have demonstrated altered resting state FC in several conditions believed to be characterized by abnormal dopaminergic neurotransmission. Our findings suggest that the application of similar experimental pharmacological manipulations in such populations may further our understanding of the role of dopaminergic neurotransmission in those conditions.
Genetic, Morphometric, and Behavioral Factors Linked to the Midsagittal Area of the Corpus Callosum

The corpus callosum is the main commissure connecting left and right cerebral hemispheres, and varies widely in size. Differences in the midsagittal area of the corpus callosum (MSACC) have been associated with a number of cognitive and behavioral phenotypes, including obsessive-compulsive disorders, psychopathy, suicidal tendencies, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, autism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Although there is evidence to suggest that MSACC is heritable in normal human populations, there is surprisingly little evidence concerning the genetic modulation of this variation. Mice provide a potentially ideal tool to dissect the genetic modulation of MSACC. Here, we use a large genetic reference panel – the BXD recombinant inbred line – to dissect the natural variation of the MSACC. We estimated the MSACC in over 300 individuals from nearly 80 strains. We found a 4-fold difference in MSACC between individual mice, and a 2.5-fold difference among strains. MSACC is a highly heritable trait (h2 = 0.60), and we mapped a suggestive QTL to the distal portion of Chr 14. Using sequence data and neocortical expression databases, we were able to identify eight positional and plausible biological candidate genes within this interval. Finally, we found that MSACC correlated with behavioral traits associated with anxiety and attention.
Rapid Nongenomic Effects of Aldosterone on the Renal Vasculature in Humans

There is increasing evidence for the importance of rapid nongenomic effects of aldosterone on the human vasculature. In vitro animal experiments in renal arterioles also suggest the presence of such effects on the renal vasculature. We conducted a clinical study to explore these effects in vivo in humans. Thirteen healthy male volunteers were examined. Aldosterone (500 &mgr;g) or placebo was injected intravenously with or without coinfusion of N(G) monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA) in a randomized, double-blinded 4-fold crossover design. Renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate were measured by constant infusion clearance technique using inulin and para-aminohippuric acid. Injection of aldosterone without concomitant infusion of l-NMMA changed the renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate not statistically significant compared with placebo. Coinfusion of l-NMMA unmasked the effect of aldosterone: aldosterone with l-NMMA decreased the glomerular filtration rate slightly (−1.4±6.2 mL/min), whereas infusion of l-NMMA alone increased the glomerular filtration rate (8.3±9.8 mL/min; P=0.004). l-NMMA alone decreased renal plasma flow by 58.2±97.5 mL/min, and aldosterone with l-NMMA decreased renal plasma flow by 190.0±213.7 mL/min (P=0.074). Accordingly, Aldosterone with l-NMMA increased renal vascular resistance much more than l-NMMA alone (1588±237 versus 614±240 dyn×s×cm−5; P=0.014). These data indicate that aldosterone acts via rapid nongenomic effects in vivo in humans at the renal vasculature. Antagonizing the endothelial NO synthase unmasks these effects. Therefore, rapid nongenomic aldosterone effects increase renal vascular resistance and thereby mediate arterial hypertension if endothelial dysfunction is present.
The Monetary Benefits and Costs of Community Supervision

In 2014, nearly 5 million people were supervised in the community on probation or parole; yet, little research evidence exists indicating whether supervision is a cost-effective strategy to reduce recidivism. Using a meta-analytic framework, this article presents findings from the Washington State Institute for Public Policy (WSIPP) on the cost-effectiveness of four community supervision strategies including intensive supervision programs both with and without a focus on treatment, supervision with risk–need–responsivity training for officers, and swift, certain, and fair supervision policies to address violation behavior. Results from the systematic review of the rigorous research evidence indicates that three of the four supervision strategies are effective at reducing recidivism and produce long-term financial benefits that outweigh the costs with a high degree of certainty. The implications of these findings are discussed as well as suggestions for future research.
Leveraging Crowd Knowledge for Software Comprehension and Development

Question and Answer (Q&A) services, such as Stack Overflow, rely on a community of programmers who post questions, provide and rate answers, to create what is termed "crowd knowledge". As a consequence, these services archive voluminous and potentially useful information to help developers to solve programming-specific issues. Programmers tap into this crowd knowledge through web browsers. This requires them to step out of their integrated development environments (IDE), formulate a query, inspect the returned results and manually port the solution back to the IDE. We present an integrated and largely automated approach to assist programmers who want to leverage the crowd knowledge of Q&A services. We give a form to our approach by implementing Seahawk, an Eclipse plugin. Seahawk automatically formulates queries from the current context in the IDE, and presents a ranked and interactive list of results. Seahawk lets users identify individual discussion pieces and import code samples through simple drag & drop. Users can also link Stack Overflow discussions and source code persistently. We performed an evaluation of Seahawk, with promising results.
The Erdős-Ginzburg-Ziv theorem in Abelian non-cyclic groups.

A theorem by Caro states that every sequence of elements in an abelian non cyclic group of order n, not of the form Z2 ⊕ Z2m, with length 4n 3 + 1 contains an n-subsequence (subsequence of length n) with a zero-sum. In this paper, we obtain a more precise result by showing that in an abelian non cyclic group, not of the form Z2 ⊕ Z2m or Z3⊕Z3m, every sequence of length 5n 4 +2 contains an n-subsequence with a zero-sum.