Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An aetiological & clinicopathological study on cutaneous vasculitis

Background & objectives: Cutaneous vasculitis has protean clinical manifestations. It may be idiopathic or associated with a spectrum of conditions such as infections, drugs, etc. Skin is involved in both small vessel vasculitis (SVV) and medium vessel vasculitis (MVV). Overlapping features are seen between SVV and MVV. The histopathological features may not always relate with the clinical lesions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the aetiological factors and clinicopathological association in patients with cutaneous vasculitis. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, detailed history and clinical examination were done on patients with biopsy proven cutaneous vasculitis. Two skin biopsies were taken from each patient for routine histopathology and direct immunofluorescence. Results: Of the 61 patients studied, hypersensitivity vasculitis (HSV) [23 (37.7%)] and Henoch Schonlein purpura (HSP) [16 (26.2%)] were the two most common forms. Systemic involvement was seen in 32 (52.45%) patients. Drugs were implicated in 12 (19.7%) cases, infections in 7 (11.4%) and connective tissue disorders in 4 (6.5%) cases. Histologically SVV was the most common pattern, seen in all the clinically diagnosed patients with SVV (47), and in 12 of the 14 clinically diagnosed patients with MVV. Direct immunofluorescence showed positivity for at least one immunoreactant in 62 per cent of the patients and the most common deposit was C3 followed by IgG, IgA and IgM. Interpretation & conclusions: Majority of our patients with cutaneous vasculitis were idiopathic. Histologically, SVV was seen in most of our patients. No association was seen between history of drug intake and tissue eosinophilia and also between histologically severe vasculitis and clinical severity. The presence of immunoreactant IgA was not specific for HSP.
Smoking and cognitive decline among middle-aged men and women: the Doetinchem Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVES We studied the effect of smoking on cognitive decline over a 5-year period at middle age (43 to 70 years). METHODS In the Doetinchem Cohort Study, 1964 men and women in the Netherlands were examined for cognitive function at baseline and 5 years later. The association between smoking status and memory function, speed of cognitive processes, cognitive flexibility, and global cognitive function were assessed. RESULTS At baseline, smokers scored lower than never smokers in global cognitive function, speed, and flexibility. At 5-year follow-up, decline among smokers was 1.9 times greater for memory function, 2.4 times greater for cognitive flexibility, and 1.7 times greater for global cognitive function than among never smokers. Among ever smokers, the declines in all cognitive domains were larger with increasing number of pack-years smoked. CONCLUSIONS Interventions to prevent or stop people from smoking may postpone cognitive decline in middle-aged persons.
The real relationship, therapist immediacy, and client experiencing level: A dyad study of psychotherapy process and connection

Title of Dissertation: THE REAL RELATIONSHIP, THERAPIST IMMEDIACY, AND CLIENT EXPERIENCING LEVEL: A DYAD STUDY OF PSYCHOTHERAPY PROCESS AND CONNECTION Tamara Tashiko Walden, Doctor of Philosophy, 2013 Dissertation directed by: Professor Charles J. Gelso, Department of Psychology The present study examined the strength of the real relationship (RR) in relation to session quality, therapist immediacy (T-IMM), and client experiencing level (C-EXP) in six psychotherapy dyads over the course of time-limited treatment. Six clients and three therapists completed measures of RR and session quality immediately after each session. Trained judges rated the amount, appropriateness, depth, quality and resolution of T-IMM and the peak and mode level of C-EXP using audio recordings and transcripts post-treatment. This study used the Actor Partner Interdependence Model (APIM; Kenny & Cook, 1999), Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), and Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) to analyze the data due to nesting and interdepence. No significant associations were detected between therapist or client ratings of RR and session quality, between therapist ratings of RR and T-IMM, or between therapist or client ratings of RR and CEXP. Client perceptions of RR were significantly related to T-IMM rating dimensions, though not significantly related to T-IMM amount or occurrence. The results indicate that regardless of the amount, when therapist immediacy is used appropriately, with depth, quality or resolution, clients perceive stronger real relationships with their therapists. Implications for practitioners and researchers regarding the findings are discussed. In addition, due to the unique racial/ethnic minority (REM) composition of the majority of the dyads, cultural implications for research and practice are considered. THE REAL RELATIONSHIP, THERAPIST IMMEDIACY, AND CLIENT EXPERIENCING LEVEL: A DYAD STUDY OF PSYCHOTHERAPY PROCESS AND CONNECTION
Expectations in the field of the Internet and health: an analysis of claims about social networking sites in clinical literature

This article adopts a critical sociological perspective to examine the expectations surrounding the uses of social networking sites (SNSs) articulated in the domain of clinical literature. This emerging body of articles and commentaries responds to the recent significant growth in SNS use, and constitutes a venue in which the meanings of SNSs and their relation to health are negotiated. Our analysis indicates how clinical writing configures the role of SNSs in health care through a range of metaphorical constructions that frame SNSs as a tool, a conduit for information and a traversable space. The use of such metaphors serves not only to describe the new affordances offered by SNSs but also posits distinct lay and professional practices, while reviving a range of celebratory claims about the Internet and health critiqued in sociological literature. These metaphorical descriptions characterise SNS content as essentially controllable by autonomous users while reiterating existing arguments that e-health is both inherently empowering and risky. Our analysis calls for a close attention to these understandings of SNSs as they have the potential to shape future online initiatives, most notably by anticipating successful professional interventions while marginalising the factors that influence users’ online and offline practices and contexts.
REVCOM: a robust Bayesian method for evolutionary rate estimation

MOTIVATION Evolutionary conservation estimated from a multiple sequence alignment is a powerful indicator of the functional significance of a residue and helps to predict active sites, ligand binding sites, and protein interaction interfaces. Many algorithms that calculate conservation work well, provided an accurate and balanced alignment is used. However, such a strong dependence on the alignment makes the results highly variable. We attempted to improve the conservation prediction algorithm by making it more robust and less sensitive to (1) local alignment errors, (2) overrepresentation of sequences in some branches and (3) occasional presence of unrelated sequences. RESULTS A novel method is presented for robust constrained Bayesian estimation of evolutionary rates that avoids overfitting independent rates and satisfies the above requirements. The method is evaluated and compared with an entropy-based conservation measure on a set of 1494 protein interfaces. We demonstrated that approximately 62% of the analyzed protein interfaces are more conserved than the remaining surface at the 5% significance level. A consistent method to incorporate alignment reliability is proposed and demonstrated to reduce arbitrary variation of calculated rates upon inclusion of distantly related or unrelated sequences into the alignment.
Next best viewpoint (NBV) planning for active object modeling based on a learning-by-showing approach

The paper presents a method of creating a complete model of a curved object from a sequence of range images acquired by a fixed range finder. To accomplish the modeling fast and accurately in an optimal manner, we propose a new online viewpoint planning algorithm to choose the next best viewpoint (NBV) based on the already obtained partial model. The NBV is determined by evaluating factors such as possibility of merging new data, local shape changes, registration accuracy and control point distribution.
Fluid and cell behaviors along a 3D printed alginate/gelatin/fibrin channel

Three‐dimensional (3D) cell manipulation is available with the integration of microfluidic technology and rapid prototyping techniques. High‐Fidelity (Hi‐Fi) constructs hold enormous therapeutic potential for organ manufacturing and regenerative medicine. In the present paper we introduced a quasi‐three‐dimensional (Q3D) model with parallel biocompatible alginate/gelatin/fibrin hurdles. The behaviors of fluids and cells along the microfluidic channels with various widths were studied. Cells inside the newly designed microfluidic channels attached and grew well. Morphological changes of adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) in both two‐dimensional (2D) and 3D milieu were found on the printed constructs. Endothelialization occurred with the co‐cultures of ADSCs and hepatocytes. This study provides insights into the interactions among fluids, cells and biomaterials, the behaviors of fluids and cells along the microfluidic channels, and the applications of Q3D techniques. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1683–1695. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Seasonal ice and hydrologic controls on dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations in a boreal-rich fen

Received 28 March 2010; revised 27 June 2010; accepted 7 July 2010; published 14 October 2010. [1] Boreal wetland carbon cycling is vulnerable to climate change in part because hydrology and the extent of frozen ground have strong influences on plant and microbial functions. We examined the response of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) across an experimental manipulation of water table position (both raised and lowered water table treatments) in a boreal‐rich fen in interior Alaska. DOC and TDN responses to water table manipulation exhibited an interaction with seasonal ice dynamics. We observed consistently higher DOC and TDN concentrations in the lowered water table treatment (71.7 ± 6.5 and 3.0 ± 0.3 mg −L ) than in both the control (55.6 ± 5.1 and 2.3 ± 0.2 mg −L ) and raised (49.1 ± 4.3 and 1.9 ± 0.1 mg L −1 , respectively) water table treatments. Across all plots, pore water DOC concentrations at 20 cm increased as the depth to water table increased (R 2 = 0.43, p < 0.001). DOC concentrations also increased as the seasonal thaw depth increased, with solutes increasing most rapidly in the drained plot (R 2 = 0.62, p < 0.001). About half of the TDN pool was composed of dissolved organic N (DON). Inorganic N and DON were both highly correlated with changes in DOC, and their respective constraints to mineralization are discussed. These results demonstrate that a declining water table position and dryer conditions affect thaw depth and peat temperatures, and interactions among these ecosystem properties will likely increase DOC and TDN loading and potential for export in these systems.
Tuning in to the Verb-Particle Construction in English

The present work investigates English verb particle combinations (e.g., put on) and argues that item-specific and general information are needed and should be related within a default inheritance hierarchy. When verb particle combinations appear within verb phrases, a tripartite phrasal syntax is defended, whether or not the V and P are adjacent (e.g., She put on the wrong shoes; she put the wrong shoes on ). The order is motivated as the default word order by explicitly relating a verb-particle construction to the caused-motion construction (e.g., she put the shoes on her feet). Well-known and independently needed processing considerations related to complement length, information status, and semantics motivate system-wide generalizations that can serve to override the default word order. Lexical verb-particle combinations (e.g., a pickup truck; a showdown ) and an idiomatic case, V-off are also briefly discussed as providing further evidence for the need for both item-specific and more general constructions.
The association between pain, low mood and challenging behaviour in intellectual disability

Both volume I and II of this thesis are submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Clinical Psychology (ClinPsyD) at the University of Birmingham. Volume I includes the research component, comprising of three papers; a literature review, empirical paper and public domain briefing document. Both the literature review and empirical paper were prepared for submission to the American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, although contrary to journal requirements (see Appendix A for author’s guidelines), tables and figures have been integrated into the text. Volume II includes the clinical component, comprising of five papers; a formulation of one client from two psychological perspectives, a service evaluation, a single case experimental design and two case studies. Client anonymity is ensured throughout through the use of pseudonyms which have been applied to all individuals included within each report.
GF Wide-coverage English-Finnish MT system for WMT 2015

This paper describes the GF Widecoverage MT system submitted to WMT 2015 for translation from English to Finnish. Our system uses a interlingua based approach, in which the interlingua is a shared formal representation, that abstracts syntactic structures over multiple languages. Our final submission is a reranked system in which we combine this baseline MT system with a factored LM model.
Nosocomial pneumonia in a pediatric intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND Nosocomial pneumonia (NP) is the second most common hospital acquired infection. Understanding the pattern of occurrence, risk factors and etiological agents of NP in a PICU, is essential for developing effective infection control measures. This prospective observational study was conducted in a PICU of a tertiary care teaching hospital, to determine the incidence, etiology and risk factors for NP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients admitted to the PICU, over a period of 1 year who had endotracheal (ET) intubation, were enrolled consecutively into the study. Demographic details were recorded at the time of inclusion. Diagnosis of NP was based on CDC criteria (1988). Semiquantiative assay of endotracheal aspirate (ETA) with a colony count of > 10(5) cfu/mL was taken as evidence of infection. Colonisation was defined as isolation of organism with <10(5) cfu/mL. Age, nutritional status, number and duration of intubations, duration of mechanical ventilation, sedation, nasogastric feeding were the risk factors studied for development of NP. Intubation attempts of more than one were defined as reintubation. Risk factors found significant on univariate analysis, were subjected to multiple regression analysis to determine the most important predictors of NP. RESULTS The study group comprised of 72 children with a median age of 3.7 years and boys: girls ratio of 1.9:1. Twenty two of 72 (30.5%) developed NP; the predominant isolates from ETA were Acinetobacter anitratus(12), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5), Klebsiella sp(3) and Staphylococcus aureus and E.coli(1) each. Additionally 18(39%) had evidence of ET colonization, with Acinetobacter sp being the commonest 9(50%). Re-intubation, prolonged duration of intubation and mechanical ventilation were the significant risk factors on univariate analysis for development of NP. On multiple regression analysis, reintubation was the only independent risk factor for NP(OR 0.72, 95%CI 0.55-0.94). Overall mortality was 21%(15/72);7(47%)of these deaths were secondary to NP. CONCLUSIONS NP developed in nearly one third of the intubated patients; Gram negative organisms were the predominant etiological agents and associated with high mortality. Re-intubation, prolonged duration of intubation and mechanical ventilation were the significant risk factors on univariate analysis for development of NP. On multiple regression analysis, reintubation was the only independent risk factor for NP.
2-[(E)-2-(4-Chlorophenyl)ethenyl]-1-methylpyridinium 4-bromobenzenesulfonate

In the title compound, C14H13ClN+·C6H4BrO3S−, the cation exists in an E configuration with respect to the ethenyl bond and is almost planar, the dihedral angle between the pyridinium and the benzene rings being 2.80 (7)°. The dihedral angles between the benzene ring of the anion and the pyridinium and benzene rings of the cation are 80.88 (7) and 79.05 (7)°, respectively. In the crystal, the cations are stacked into columns along the a axis as a result of π–π interactions between the pyridinium and chlorobenzene rings with a Cg⋯Cg distance of 3.6976 (8) Å. The anions are linked into chains along the a axis by weak C—H⋯O interactions. These anion chains are linked to adjacent cations by additional weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯Br interactions, forming a two-dimensional network parallel to the ab plane. There are also short O⋯Br [3.2567 (11) Å] and C⋯O [2.9917 (18) Å] contacts. The crystal structure is further stabilized by C—H⋯π interactions involving the aromatic ring of the anion.
TROPICAL CYCLONE TORNADOES : DOCUMENTATION , CLASSIFICATION AND UNCERTAINTIES

An ingredients-based approach (e.g., Johns and Doswell 1992) is used in the operational prediction of tornado threat, regardless of whether the favorable environment results from midlatitude or tropical perturbations. Since the majority of tropical cyclone (TC) tornadoes are associated with supercells (Edwards et al. 2012a; hereafter E12), the forecaster typically can focus on the same ingredients known to favor midlatitude supercells—moisture, instability, (sources for) lift, and vertical wind shear. As in midlatitude settings (e.g., Markowski et al. 1998; Garner 2012), supercellular tornado potential may be focused further by the presence of baroclinic and/or kinematic boundaries within the TC envelope (Edwards and Pietrycha 2006).
Assessment of left ventricular hemodynamic forces in healthy subjects and patients with dilated cardiomyopathy using 4D flow MRI

We hypothesized that the direction of global left ventricular (LV) hemodynamic forces during diastolic filling are concordant with the main flow axes in normal LVs, but that this pattern would be altered in dilated and dysfunctional LVs. Therefore, we aimed to assess the LV hemodynamic filling forces in a group of healthy subjects and compare them to the results from a group of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Ten healthy subjects and 10 DCM patients were enrolled. Morphological short‐ (SAx) and long‐axis (LAx) images and 4D flow MRI data were acquired at 1.5T. The LV pressure gradients were computed from the 4D flow data using the Navier–Stokes equations. By integrating the pressure gradients over the LV volume at each time frame, the magnitude and direction of the global hemodynamic force was calculated over the cardiac cycle. The hemodynamic forces acting in the SAx‐ and LAx‐directions were used to calculate the “SAx‐max/LAx‐max”‐ratio for the early (E‐wave) and late (A‐wave) diastolic filling. In the LAx‐plane, the temporal progression of the hemodynamic force followed a consistent pattern in the healthy subjects. The “SAx‐max/LAx‐max”‐ratio was significantly larger at both E‐wave (0.53 ± 0.15 vs. 0.23 ± 0.12, P < 0.0001) and A‐wave (0.44 ± 0.21 vs. 0.26 ± 0.09, P < 0.03) in the DCM patients compared to the healthy subjects. 4D flow MRI data allow quantification of LV hemodynamic forces acting on the LV myocardial wall. The LV hemodynamic filling forces showed a similar temporal progression among healthy subjects, whereas DCM patients had forces that were more heterogeneous in their direction and magnitude during diastole.
The Effect of Guilt on Altruism in the One-Shot Anonymous Prisoner's Dilemma Game

There exists a wide body of literature suggesting that individuals behave more altruistically in situations that 1) provide an opportunity for reciprocation and 2) are not anonymous. Past research investigating the altruistic functions of induced social emotions have been conducted solely in the context of either iterative and/or face-to-face interactions. As a result, the altruistic behaviors found in these studies cannot be solely attributed to these induced emotions. In light of these past works, the current study compared cooperation rates of individuals following either a guilt or neutral mood induction procedure in an anonymous, one-shot social dilemma (i.e. the prisoner's dilemma). Participants were 120 female undergraduates (60 engaged in a guilt induction procedure and 60 engaged in a neutral mood induction procedure) enrolled at a large university asked to participate in a one-shot social dilemma with a partner that they would never meet. Primary analyses found no evidence regarding group differences in rates of cooperation. Secondary analyses of subjective emotions ratings (i.e. guilt, happiness, sadness, anger, and fear) suggest that generalized negative affect may be associated with decreased rates of cooperation while positive affect may be associated with increase rates of cooperation. Future research investigating the effects of generalized negative and positive affect as well as specifically induced emotions needs to be conducted to further evaluate this suggestion.
A multi‐allergen standard for the calibration of immunoassays: CREATE principles applied to eight purified allergens

To cite this article: Filep S, Tsay A, Vailes L, Gadermaier G, Ferreira F, Matsui E, King EM, Chapman MD. A multi‐allergen standard for the calibration of immunoassays: CREATE principles applied to eight purified allergens. Allergy 2012; 67: 235–241.
Comprehensive analysis of karyotypic mosaicism between trophectoderm and inner cell mass

Aneuploidy has been well-documented in blastocyst embryos, but prior studies have been limited in scale and/or lack mechanistic data. We previously reported preclinical validation of microarray 24-chromosome preimplantation genetic screening in a 24-h protocol. The method diagnoses chromosome copy number, structural chromosome aberrations, parental source of aneuploidy and distinguishes certain meiotic from mitotic errors. In this study, our objective was to examine aneuploidy in human blastocysts and determine correspondence of karyotypes between trophectoderm (TE) and inner cell mass (ICM). We disaggregated 51 blastocysts from 17 couples into ICM and one or two TE fractions. The average maternal age was 31. Next, we ran 24-chromosome microarray molecular karyotyping on all of the samples, and then performed a retrospective analysis of the data. The average per-chromosome confidence was 99.95%. Approximately 80% of blastocysts were euploid. The majority of aneuploid embryos were simple aneuploid, i.e. one or two whole-chromosome imbalances. Structural chromosome aberrations, which are common in cleavage stage embryos, occurred in only three blastocysts (5.8%). All TE biopsies derived from the same embryos were concordant. Forty-nine of 51 (96.1%) ICM samples were concordant with TE biopsies derived from the same embryos. Discordance between TE and ICM occurred only in the two embryos with structural chromosome aberration. We conclude that TE karyotype is an excellent predictor of ICM karyotype. Discordance between TE and ICM occurred only in embryos with structural chromosome aberrations.