Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electric fields in the human body resulting from 60-Hz contact currents

Contact currents occur when a person touches conductive surfaces at different potentials and completes a path for current flow through the body. Such currents provide an additional coupling mechanism to that, due to the direct field effect between the human body and low-frequency external fields. The scalar potential finite difference method, with minor modifications, is applied to assess current density and electric field within excitable tissue and bone marrow due to contact current. An anatomically correct adult model is used, as well as a proportionally downsized child model. Three pathways of contact current are modeled: hand to opposite hand and both feet, hand to hand only, and hand to both feet. Because of its larger size relative to the child, the adult model has lower electric field and current-density values in tissues/unit of contact current. For a contact current of 1 mA [the occupational reference level set by the International Commission on Non-ionizing Protection (ICNIRP)], the current density in brain does not exceed the basic restriction of 10 mA/m/sup 2/. The restriction Is exceeded slightly in the spine, and by a factor of more than 2 in the heart. For a contact current of 0.5 mA (ICNIRP general public reference level), the basic restriction of 2 mA/m/sup 2/ is exceeded several-fold in the spine and heart. Several microamperes of contact current produces tens of mV/m within the child's lower arm bone marrow.
Network design requirements for disaster resilience in IaaS clouds

Many corporations rely on disaster recovery schemes to keep their computing and network services running after unexpected situations, such as natural disasters and attacks. As corporations migrate their infrastructure to the cloud using the infrastructure as a service model, cloud providers need to offer disaster-resilient services. This article provides guidelines to design a data center network infrastructure to support a disaster-resilient infrastructure as a service cloud. These guidelines describe design requirements, such as the time to recover from disasters, and allow the identification of important domains that deserve further research efforts, such as the choice of data center site locations and disaster-resilient virtual machine placement.
Associations Among Marital Qualities, Supportive and Undermining Coparenting, and Parenting Self-Efficacy

This study examined associations among marital quality, coparenting, and parenting self-efficacy in parents of young children. Of special interest were possible spillover and stress-buffering effects of the marital and coparenting relationships. The authors sampled 175 married and cohabiting couples. Participants were recruited via an online marketing company and completed surveys on the project’s website. Maintenance strategies were associated with higher parenting self-efficacy for mothers and fathers, and for mothers, their spouse’s reports of his own maintenance behaviors were associated with increased parenting self-efficacy. Undermining coparenting predicted lower parenting self-efficacy for mothers and fathers. There was support for the spillover and stress-buffering hypotheses as evidenced by significant interactions between marital qualities and coparenting predicting to parenting self-efficacy. Findings support a connection between marital and coparenting subsystems; whereby, positivity in one of these relationships can interact to buffer the effects of negativity in the other to maintain or increase parenting self-efficacy.
Mental probability logic

Abstract We discuss Oaksford & Chater's (O&C's) probabilistic approach from a probability logical point of view. Specifically, we comment on subjective probability, the indispensability of logic, the Ramsey test, the consequence relation, human nonmonotonic reasoning, intervals, generalized quantifiers, and rational analysis.
Exact distribution of deletion sizes for unavoidable strings

We constructively prove the exact distribution of deletion sizes for unavoidable strings, under the reductive decidability method of Zimin and Bean et al. Bounds such as these on the unique initial reductions of unavoidable strings were instrumental in proving the computational intractability of the reduction algorithm. We also provide the necessa y supporting results, including some useful approximations on the deletion sizes of individual strings. This work improves upon previous results that, although suficient to establish the desired exponential lower bound, were far from optimal.
Entwicklung und Validierung von Instrumenten zur Überprüfung der therapeutischen Adhärenz und Kompetenz bei der Behandlung der Panikstörung

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die Gute der Expositionsvorbereitung wird als wichtiger Faktor fur die erfolgreiche Behandlung der Panikstorung mit Agoraphobie gesehen. Jedoch fehlt es an geeigneten Instrumenten, um dies zu untersuchen. Fragestellung: Ziel der Studie ist die Konstruktion und Validierung von Skalen zur Erfassung der Adharenz und Kompetenz bei der Vorbereitung der Exposition. Methode: Vier Experten wurden zur Inhaltsvalidierung herangezogen. Die weitere Uberprufung der Reliabilitat und Validitat erfolgte auf der Basis von 84 psychotherapeutischen Behandlungen von Patienten mit Panikstorung und Agoraphobie. Ergebnisse: Die Adharenz- und Kompetenzskala wiesen eine hohe Interratereliabilitat auf und es zeigten sich deutliche Hinweise fur deren Validitat. Schlussfolgerungen: Die entwickelten Verfahren konnen sowohl in der klinischen Forschung, als auch in der Aus- und Weiterbildung von Therapeuten sinnvoll eingesetzt werden.
Phylogenetic relationships in Selaginellaceae based on RBCL sequences.

A phylogenetic framework is developed for the clubmoss family Selaginellaceae based on maximum parsimony analyses of molecular data. The chloroplast gene rbcL was sequenced for 62 species, which represent nearly 10% of living species diversity in the family. Taxa were chosen to reflect morphological, geographical, and ecological diversity. The analyses provide support for monophyly of subgenera Selaginella and Tetragonostachys. Stachygynandrum and Heterostachys are polyphyletic. Monophyly of Ericetorum is uncertain. Results also indicate a large number of new groupings not previously recognized on morphological grounds. Some of these new groups seem to have corresponding morphological synapomorphies, such as the presence of rhizophores (distinctive root-like structures), aspects of rhizophore development, and leaf and stem morphology. Others share distinctive ecological traits (e.g., xerophytism). For many groups, however, no morphological, ecological, or physiological markers are known. This could reflect patchy sampling and a lack of detailed knowledge about many species. Despite a lengthy fossil record dating from the Carboniferous Period, cladogram topology indicates that most of the living tropical species are probably the products of more recent diversifications. Resurrection plants, extreme xerophytes characterized by aridity-driven inrolling of branches and rapid revival on rehydration, have evolved at least three times in quite different clades.
Population Snapshot of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 19A Isolates before and after Introduction of Seven-Valent Pneumococcal Vaccination for French Children

Serotype 19A Streptococcus pneumoniae strains are now more frequent in French children than before the introduction of a seven-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV7). By applying multilocus sequence typing to 144 serotype 19A isolates collected before and after beginning PCV7 vaccination, we detected clonal expansion of the preexisting penicillin-intermediate sequence type 276.
The game within the game: girls' underperforming position in Physical Education

Since 1980 the Swedish compulsory school curriculum has stipulated that Physical Education (PE) should be taught co-ed and schools are legally required to promote gender equality. The latest evaluation of PE in Sweden shows that more boys than girls ranked the subject highly and that they had a higher level of activity during the PE lessons. Drawing on a case study, the aim of this article is to illuminate how games placed girls and boys in different subject positions. The logic governing the observed lessons was ‘proper game’, i.e. playing according to the official rules. Combined with hegemonic masculinity and the passivity of the teacher, this kind of logic resulted in the game being dominated by several dominant boys and by the ball-playing girls either being positioned or allowing themselves to be placed in situations in which they consistently underperformed. A gender category in late modernity, resting on hegemonic masculinity, can be seen as a cultural flashpoint that reflects problems in society rather than problems in the gym.
Perceived Social Support from Family, Participation in Recreational Sport Activities, Leisure Negotiation and Life Satisfaction in University Students

The aim of this study was to analyse the perceived support from family, participation in recreational sport activities, leisure negotiation and life satisfaction in university students. Population of the study consisted of 3625 students from Akdeniz University who were attending elective physical education lectures. Sample of the study was 468 individuals with a mean age of 20.90±2.20. The questionnaire used for data collection consisted of demographic information, information about participation in recreational activities, “Measures of Perceived Social Support From Family“, “Leisure Negotiation Strategies Scale” and “Satisfaction with Life Scale”. In statistical analyses, Mann Whitney-U Test, Spearman Correlation Analysis and Logistic Regression were used. Positive significant correlations were obtained between perceived social support from family, skill acquisition strategies, physical fitness strategies, leisure negotiation strategies total scores and life satisfaction. Meanwhile perceived social support from family did not have any contribution to duration or frequency of participation in recreational sport activities. Recommendations of future research in social support and leisure topics will be a comparison according to gender and including the variables of social support from friends and society
Developing Common Measures in Evaluation Capacity Building

A fundamental reason for doing evaluation capacity building (ECB) is to improve program outcomes. Developing common measures of outcomes and the activities, processes, and factors that lead to these outcomes is an important step in moving the science and the practice of ECB forward. This article identifies a number of existing ECB measurement tools and maps their concepts onto a common framework. This mapping clarifies consensus as well as facilitates selection of instruments and indicators for researchers and practitioners. The framework is an updated version of the Integrated ECB Model (IECB) that was developed from the ECB literature and used in a research synthesis of ECB empirical literature by the author and colleagues. The convergence of concepts revealed by the mapping understates the convergence with other models and literature as the mapping is limited to instruments and does not include concepts from other frameworks or the broader literature. ECB readiness and causal sequencing of activities and outcomes are explored by the use of factor analysis using data from the research synthesis. The findings suggest that the organizational outcomes of ECB include doing and using evaluations, planning future evaluations, and evaluating as part of staff jobs. Mainstreaming indicators were routinizing evaluation, providing opportunities to learn about evaluation, creating new relationships with other organizations and planning future ECB efforts. The results confirm that building evaluation capacity can be distinguished from mainstreaming and suggest that other factors such as evaluative and general organizational capacity, culture, leadership and funding are ECB readiness factors that can enhance ECB outcomes.
Students' Personality Traits and Academic Performance: A Five-Factor Model Perspective.

This study has investigated the impact of personality traits on students’ academic achievement in an undergraduate marketing course taught by the same professor. All personality traits except extraversion positively and significantly predicted students’ overall grade. Extraversion was positively related (r =. 140) but not statistically significant. Openness (r =. 279) and Neuroticism (r = .341) were positively related to students’ academic achievement and were more important predictors of overall grade of the students than agreeableness (r = .245) and conscientiousness (.237). Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Long-term maintenance therapy using rituximab-induced continuous B-cell depletion in patients with ANCA vasculitis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Remission in the majority of ANCA vasculitis patients is not sustained after a single course of rituximab, and risk of relapse warrants development of a successful strategy to ensure durable remission. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS A retrospective analysis of ANCA vasculitis patients who underwent maintenance therapy using rituximab-induced continuous B-cell depletion for up to 7 years was performed. Maintenance therapy with rituximab was initiated after achieving remission or converting from other prior maintenance therapy. Continuous B-cell depletion was achieved in all patients by scheduled rituximab administration every 4 months. Disease activity, serologic parameters, adverse events, and survival were examined. RESULTS In the study, 172 patients (mean age=60 years, 55% women, 57% myeloperoxidase-ANCA) treated from April of 2006 to March of 2013 underwent continuous B-cell depletion with rituximab. Median remission maintenance follow-up time was 2.1 years. Complete remission (Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score [BVAS] = 0) was achieved in all patients. Major relapse (BVAS ≥ 3) occurred in 5% of patients and was associated with weaning of other immunosuppression drugs. Remission was reinduced in all patients. Survival mirrored survival of a general age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched United States population. CONCLUSION This analysis provides evidence for long-term disease control using continuous B-cell depletion. This treatment strategy in ANCA vasculitis patients also seems to result in survival rates comparable with rates in a matched reference population. These findings suggest that prospective remission maintenance treatment trials using continuous B-cell depletion are warranted.
Deception Detection in Italian Court testimonies

Effective methods for evaluating the reliability of statements issued by witnesses and defendants in hearings would be extremely valuable to decision-making in Court and other legal settings. In recent years, methods relying on stylometric techniques have proven most successful for this task; but few such methods have been tested with language collected in real-life situations of high-stakes deception, and therefore their usefulness outside laboratory conditions still has to be properly assessed. DeCour - DEception in COURt corpus - has been built with the aim of training models suitable to discriminate, from a stylometric point of view, between sincere and deceptive statements. DeCour is a collection of hearings held in four Italian Courts, in which the speakers lie in front of the judge. These hearings become the object of a specific criminal proceeding for calumny or false testimony, in which the deceptiveness of the statements of the defendant is ascertained. Thanks to the final Court judgment, that points out which lies are told, each utterance of the corpus has been annotated as true, uncertain or false, according to its degree of truthfulness. Since the judgment of deceptiveness follows a judicial inquiry, the annotation has been realized with a greater degree of confidence than ever before. In Italy this is the first corpus of deceptive texts not relying on ‘mock’ lies created in laboratory conditions, but which has been collected in a natural environment. In this dissertation we replicated the methods used in previous studies but never before applied to high-stakes data, and tested new methods. Among the best known proposals in this direction are methods proposed by Pennebaker and colleagues, who employed their lexicon - the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (liwc) - to analyze different texts or transcriptions of spoken language, in which deception could have been used, but collected in an artificial way. In our experiments, we trained machine learning models relying both on lexical features belonging to liwc and on surface features. The surface features were selected calculating their Information Gain, or simply according to the frequency they appear in the texts. We also considered the effect of a number of variables including the degree of certainty the utterances were annotated as truthful or not and the homogeneity of the dataset. In particular, the classification task of false utterances was carried out against the only utterances annotated as true, or against the utterances annotated as true and as uncertain together. Moreover subsets of DeCour were analysed, in which the statements were issued by homogeneous categories of subject, e.g. speakers of the same gender, age or native language. Our results suggest that accuracy at deception detection clearly above chance level can be obtained with real-life data as well.
Role of two common SNPs of superoxide dismutase 2 gene in the development of primary open angle glaucoma

Oxidative stress is considered as risk factors for the development of POAG. SOD2 plays an important role in many biological processes caused by ROS. We performed a study to investigate the association of two common SNPs in SOD2 (rs2842980 and rs4880) with the risk of POAG, and the interaction between SOD2 polymorphisms and environmental factors. 170 patients with POAG and 340 matched healthy controls were collected into this study without blood relationship. Genotyping of SOD2 rs2842980 and rs4880 was conducted in a 384-well plate format on the sequenom MassARRAY platform. The association between SOD2 rs2842980 and rs4880 and risk of POAG was analyzed by logistic regression analyses. Compared with the TT individuals, individuals with the TC and CC genotypes have a substantial increased susceptibility for POAG incidence, and adjusted ORs (95% CI) were 1.63 (1.03-2.58) and 6.92 (2.12-22.62), respectively. Moreover, the C allele displayed a 2.09 folds risk of POAG in comparison to the T allele (adjusted OR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.43-3.06). We found that the rs4880 showed interaction with age. In conclusion, our study suggests a significant association between rs4880 polymorphism and risk of POAG in the Chinese population. SOD2 rs4880 polymorphism could be a susceptibility biomarker for POAG.
The Role of Self-Monitoring and Gender on Leader Emergence: A Laboratory and Field Study

Two studies were conducted to investigate the influence of self-monitoring ability and gender on leader emergence. In Study I, groups composed of a male high self-monitor, male low self-monitor, female high self-monitor, andfemale low self-monitor worked on a salary allocation task. At the end of the task, subjects completed questionnaires that asked them to select one group member as their leader. The amount of influence each group member exerted during the discussion was also assessed. Analyses indicated that high self-monitors emerged as leaders more frequently than did low self-monitors and men emerged as leaders more frequently than did women. Study II replicated these results in 9 volunteer organizations. Implications of the findings for managerial practice and future research are discussed.
Constructivism Meets Technology Integration: The CUFA Technology Guidelines in an Elementary Social Studies Methods Course

Abstract Schools and colleges of education have been criticized for not adequately preparing preservice teachers to integrate technology in their future classrooms. It has been proposed that a central component in the preparation of preservice teachers is for the instructors of content methods courses to model strategies for integrating technology that enhance learning. Mason et al's (2000) “Guidelines for Using Technology to Prepare Social Studies Teachers” (CUFA Technology Guidelines) were developed specifically for social studies educators and are premised on the belief that one role of social studies educators is to model appropriate uses of technology for preservice teachers. This article presents results of a research study that investigated the characteristics of a social studies methods instructor whose practice was guided by the CUFA Technology Guidelines. In particular, this article describes how the instructor's constructivist philosophical beliefs influenced her integration of technology as encouraged by the CUFA Technology Guidelines.
The Behavioral Economics of the Labor Market : Central Findings and Their Policy Implications

Many labor markets are characterized by long-term employment relations and incomplete labor contracts. The employees’ effort, in particular, is typically not contractible so that effort needs to be enforced endogenously in repeated interactions. Theory and evidence shows that under these conditions fairness concerns play an important role in affecting effort choices and wage setting, rendering wage levels and wages’ responsiveness to shocks rather rigid. In addition, loss aversion and money illusion interact with fairness concerns to generate downwards nominal wage rigidity and in case of strong unions downwards real wage rigidity. Thus, key structural features of labor markets such and long-term relations and contractual incompleteness and the psychological forces of fairness concerns, loss aversion and money illusion lead to substantial departures from the predictions of the standard competitive model, rendering this model problematic for policy prescriptions. We illustrate this claim for two policy domains monetary policy and minimum wage legislation. ∗We thank Tyler Williams for excellent research assistance. The views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston or the Federal Reserve System. †University of Zurich, Institute for Empirical Research in Economics. Email: efehr@iew.uzh. ch ‡Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Center for Behavioral Economics and Decision Making. Email: lorenz.goette@bos.frb. org §Harvard Business School and Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Center for Behavioral Economics and Decision Making. Email: czehnder@hbs.edu
A cross‐level study of procedural justice perceptions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between supervisor‐perceived procedural justice and subordinate‐perceived procedural justice. The moderating roles of the subordinate‐perceived interactional justice and power‐distance value are also to be examined.Design/methodology/approach – Survey data were obtained from 509 supervisor‐subordinate dyads in mainland China. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to test the research hypotheses.Findings – Results revealed that: supervisor‐perceived procedural justice is positively related to subordinate‐perceived procedural justice; the direct relationship is stronger when the subordinate perceives higher rather than lower interactional justice from the supervisor; and the direct relationship is stronger when the subordinate holds a higher rather than lower power‐distance value.Research limitations/implications – The data collected in the present study reside at two hierarchical levels, namely, the employee level and the supervisor level, .