Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep Sequencing of RNA from Three Different Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Subtypes Released from the Human LIM1863 Colon Cancer Cell Line Uncovers Distinct Mirna-Enrichment Signatures

Secreted microRNAs (miRNAs) enclosed within extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a pivotal role in intercellular communication by regulating recipient cell gene expression and affecting target cell function. Here, we report the isolation of three distinct EV subtypes from the human colon carcinoma cell line LIM1863 – shed microvesicles (sMVs) and two exosome populations (immunoaffinity isolated A33-exosomes and EpCAM-exosomes). Deep sequencing of miRNA libraries prepared from parental LIM1863 cells/derived EV subtype RNA yielded 254 miRNA identifications, of which 63 are selectively enriched in the EVs - miR-19a/b-3p, miR-378a/c/d, and miR-577 and members of the let-7 and miR-8 families being the most prominent. Let-7a-3p*, let-7f-1-3p*, miR-451a, miR-574-5p*, miR-4454 and miR-7641 are common to all EV subtypes, and 6 miRNAs (miR-320a/b/c/d, miR-221-3p, and miR-200c-3p) discern LIM1863 exosomes from sMVs; miR-98-5p was selectively represented only in sMVs. Notably, A33-Exos contained the largest number (32) of exclusively-enriched miRNAs; 14 of these miRNAs have not been reported in the context of CRC tissue/biofluid analyses and warrant further examination as potential diagnostic markers of CRC. Surprisingly, miRNA passenger strands (star miRNAs) for miR-3613-3p*, -362-3p*, -625-3p*, -6842-3p* were the dominant strand in A33-Exos, the converse to that observed in parental cells. This finding suggests miRNA biogenesis may be interlinked with endosomal/exosomal processing.
Endogeneity in semiparametric binary response models

This paper develops and implements semiparametric methods for estimating binary response (binary choice) models with continuous endogenous regressors. It extends existing results on semiparametric estimation in single index binary response models to the case of endogenous regressors. It develops a control function approach to account for endogeneity in triangular and fully simulataneous binary response models. The proposed estimation method is applied to estimate the income effect in a labor market participation problem using a large micro data set from the British FES. The semiparametric estimator is found to perform well, detecting a significant attenuation bias. The proposed estimator is contrasted to the corresponding Probit and Linear Probability specifications. JEL: C14, C25, C35, J22.
Activation and Information in Working Memory Research

Recent studies applying multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data sets have called into question long-held assumptions about the importance of sustained, elevated activity for the short-term retention of information (i.e., short-term and working memory). Findings from these studies include the fact that delay-period activity in frontal and parietal cortex may not correspond to information storage, per se, and that information that is in short-term memory, but outside the focus of attention, may be retained in a transient structural code.
Results of the ROTOR-program II. The long-term photometric variability of weak-line T Tauri stars ⋆

Context. T Tauri stars exhibit variability on all timescales, whose origin is still debated. On WTTS the variability is fairly simple and attributed to long-lived, ubiquitous cool spots. Aims. We investigate the long term variability of WTTS, extending up to 20 years in some cases, characterize it statistically and discuss its implications for our understanding of these stars. Methods. We have obtained a unique, homogeneous database of photometric measurements for WTTS extending up to 20 years. It contains more than 9000 UBVR observations of 48 WTTS. All the data were collected at Mount Maidanak Observatory (Uzbekistan) and they constitute the longest homogeneous record of accurate WTTS photometry ever assembled. Results. Definitive rotation periods for 35 of the 48 stars are obtained. Phased light curves over 5 to 20 seasons are now available for analysis. Light curve shapes, amplitudes and colour variations are obtained for this sample and various behaviors exhibited, discussed and interpreted. Conclusions. Our main conclusion is that most WTTS have very stable long term variability with relatively small changes of amplitude or mean light level. The long term variability seen reflects modulation in the cold spot distributions. Photometric periods are stable over many years, and the phase of minimum light can be stable as well for several years. On the long term, spot properties do change in subtle ways, leading to secular variations in the shape and amplitudes of the light curves.
Nonparallel hyperplane classifiers for multi-category classification

Support vector machines (SVMs) are benchmark developments in the field of machine learning. Recently, various nonparallel hyperplanes classification algorithms (NHCAs) have been proposed, which are comparable in terms of classification accuracy when compared with SVM but are computationally more efficient. All these NHCAs are originally proposed for binary classification problems. Since, most of the real world classification problems deal with multiple classes, these algorithms are extended in multi-category scenario. We present a comparative study of four NHCAs - Twin SVM (TWSVM), Generalized eigenvalue proximal SVM (GEPSVM), Regularized GEPSVM (RegGEPSVM) and Improved GEPSVM (IGEPSVM) for multi-category classification. The multi-category classification algorithms for NHCA classifiers are implemented using One-Against-All (OAA), binary tree-based (BT) and ternary decision structure (TDS) approaches and the experiments are performed on benchmark UCI datasets. The experimental results show that TDS-TWSVM outperforms other algorithms concerning classification accuracy and BT-RegGEPSVM takes minimum time for building the classifier.
Self Organizing Maps and bit signature: A study applied on signal language recognition

Self organizing map (SOM) is a kind of artificial neural network with a competitive and unsupervised learning. This technique is commonly used to dataset clustering tasks and can be useful in patterns recognition problems. This paper presents an artificial neural network application to signals language recognition problem, where the image representation is given by bit signatures. The recognition results are promising and are presented in this paper. More, some analysis about the combination ldquoSOM + bit signaturerdquo improved our understanding about the characteristics of the LIBRAS signals and the conclusions are also listed in this paper.
New membership determination and proper motions of NGC 1817. Parametric and non-parametric approach

We have calculated proper motions and re-evaluated the membership probabilities of 810 stars in the area of two NGC objects, NGC 1817 and NGC 1807. We have obtained absolute proper motions from 25 plates in the reference system of the Tycho-2 Catalogue. The plates have a maximum epoch difference of 81 years; and they were taken with the double astrograph at Zo-Se station of Shanghai Observatory, which has an aperture of 40 cm and a plate scale of 30 �� mm −1 . T he average proper motion precision is 1.55 mas yr −1 . These proper motions are used to determine the membership probabilities of stars in the region, based on there being only one very extended physical cluster: NGC 1817. With that aim, we have applied and compared parametric and non-parametric approaches to cluster/field segregation. We have obtained a list of 169 probable member stars.
Does Intellectual Capital Really Create Value?

This study empirically examines the relationship between intellectual capital and corporate value in Chinese high-tech industry. Skandia navigator system is employed to select the indicators for IC. The Ohlson model is employed as the research framework. The results show that human capital and custom capital create value for Chinese high-tech industry. In order to sustain the competitive advantage in the long term, it is important to enhance R&D investment and improve employees' all-round development for Chinese high-tech industry.
Are there differences in injury mortality among refugees and immigrants compared with native-born?

Background The authors studied injury mortality in Denmark among refugees and immigrants compared with that among native Danes. Method A register-based, historical prospective cohort design. All refugees (n=29 139) and family reunited immigrants (n=27 134) who between 1 January 1993 and 31 December 1999 received residence permission were included and matched 1:4 on age and sex with native Danes. Civil registration numbers were cross-linked to the Register of Causes of Death, and fatalities due to unintentional and intentional injuries were identified based on ICD-10 diagnosis. Sex-specific mortality ratios were estimated by migrant status and region of birth, adjusting for age and income and using a Cox regression model after a median follow-up of 11–12 years. Results Compared with native Danes, both female (RR=0.44; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.83) and male (RR=0.40; 95% CI 0.29 to 0.56) refugees as well as female (RR=0.40; 95% CI 0.21 to 0.76) and male (RR=0.22; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.42) immigrants had significantly lower mortality from unintentional injuries. Suicide rates were significantly lower for male refugees (RR=0.38; 95% CI 0.24 to 0.61) and male immigrants (RR=0.24; 95% CI 0.10 to 0.59), whereas their female counterparts showed no significant differences. Only immigrant women had a significantly higher homicide rate (RR=3.09; 95% CI 1.11 to 8.60) compared with native Danes. Conclusions Overall results were advantageous to migrant groups. Research efforts should concentrate on investigating protective factors among migrants, which may benefit injury prevention in the majority population.
The Influence of Age and Gender on the Students ’ Achievement in Mathematics

The purpose of this study was to determine if age and gender influence the achievement in high school mathematics. This study utilized the student’s grade point average (GPA) for mathematics during high school years to measure achievement. The data for this study came from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) High School Transcript Study (HSTS) 2005. The study described the graduating high school students in the U.S. by age, gender and their academic achievement in mathematics. The study compared the mathematics achievement between age groups and gender. The comparison revealed that there were statistically significant differences in mathematics GPA scores between age groups and gender; however the effect sizes were small. Keywords-component: achievement; age; demographic factors; mathematics; gender;
A Rare Case of Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Stomach and a Review of the 56 Cases Reported in Japan

We report an extremely rare case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach. A 69-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a 2-month history of dysphagia and tarry stools. Endoscopic examination revealed a cauliflower-shaped protruding mass along the lesser curvature of the gastric cardia. Biopsy of the lesion revealed squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach. Computed tomography revealed a thickened stomach wall and a mass protruding into the gastric lumen. Total gastrectomy with splenectomy, distal pancreatectomy, and Roux-en-Y reconstruction was performed, together with a lower thoracic esophagectomy via a left thoracotomy. Histopathological examination of the specimen revealed well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach. Postoperative follow-up was uneventful for the first 18 months. However, multiple liver metastases and para-aortic lymph node metastasis developed subsequently. Despite systemic combination chemotherapy, the patient died because of progression of the recurrent tumors. Here, we review the characteristics of 56 cases of gastric squamous cell carcinoma reported in Japan.
ROLE OF PREDATION IN THE DECLINE OF KIWI, APTERYX SPP., IN NEW ZEALAND

Summary: Kiwi have declined markedly in abundance and range since human settlement of New Zealand. Three of the four species are still extant in mainland forests, despite decades of co-existence with various introduced mammals. Little spotted kiwi is now probably confined to offshore islands. The role of introduced mammals in these population declines was evaluated by measuring the survival rates of adults, eggs and chicks of brown kiwi (A. mantelli) and great spotted kiwi (A. haastii) in mainland forests. Mortality rates of adults ranged from 5%-16% and did not differ significantly between species or sexes. Overall, 14 out of 209 adult kiwi died during 159.6 radio-tracking years. Predators definitely caused five of these deaths. Sixty-nine (68%) of 102 eggs from 77 nesting attempts by 48 pairs failed to hatch. Predators probably caused about 10% of egg failures. Only three of 49 chicks probably survived to adulthood, indicating a juvenile mortality rate of about 94%. Predators killed at least 8% of chicks, 45% of juveniles, and possibly as many as 60% of all young kiwi. Ferrets and dogs were the main predators of adult kiwi, possums and mustelids were the main egg predators, while stoats and cats were largely responsible for the deaths of young kiwi. Population models show that northern brown kiwi are currently declining at 5.8% per annum. This decline could be halted by cutting the current predation rates on young kiwi by about 34% to 33%.
Crash of '87 - Was it Expected? Aggregate Market Fears and Long Range Dependence

We develop a dynamic framework to identify aggregate market fears ahead of a major market crash through the skewness premium of European options. Our methodology is based on measuring the distribution of a skewness premium through a q-Gaussian density and a maximum entropy principle. Our findings indicate that the October 19th, 1987 crash was predictable from the study of the skewness premium of deepest out-of-the-money options about two months prior to the crash.
Secrecy Types for Asymmetric CommunicationMart

We develop a typed process calculus for security protocols in which types convey secrecy properties. We focus on asymmetric communication primitives, especially on public-key encryption. These present special diiculties, partly because they rely on related capabilities (e.g., \public" and \private" keys) with diierent levels of secrecy and scopes.
Coding of stimulus strength via analog calcium signals in Purkinje cell dendrites of awake mice

The climbing fiber input to Purkinje cells acts as a teaching signal by triggering a massive influx of dendritic calcium that marks the occurrence of instructive stimuli during cerebellar learning. Here, we challenge the view that these calcium spikes are all-or-none and only signal whether the instructive stimulus has occurred, without providing parametric information about its features. We imaged ensembles of Purkinje cell dendrites in awake mice and measured their calcium responses to periocular airpuffs that serve as instructive stimuli during cerebellar-dependent eyeblink conditioning. Information about airpuff duration and pressure was encoded probabilistically across repeated trials, and in two additional signals in single trials: the synchrony of calcium spikes in the Purkinje cell population, and the amplitude of the calcium spikes, which was modulated by a non-climbing fiber pathway. These results indicate that calcium-based teaching signals in Purkinje cells contain analog information that encodes the strength of instructive stimuli trial-by-trial. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.03663. 001
Parameterised floating-point arithmetic on FPGAs

This paper describes the parameterisation, implementation and evaluation of floating-point adders and multipliers for FPGAs. We have developed a method, based on the Handel-C language, for producing technology-independent pipelined designs that allow compile-time parameterisation of design precision and range, and optional inclusion of features such as overflow protection, gradual underflow and rounding modes of the IEEE floating-point format. The resulting designs, when implemented in a Xilinx XCV1000 device, achieve 28 MFLOPs with IEEE single precision floating-point numbers. These designs are used in an optimised implementation for computing the two-dimensional fast Hartley transform. Preliminary results suggest that our implementation is faster than many programmable DSP processors and supercomputers.
Mindfulness in Individuals at Risk for Depression: The Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies

A major aim of depression research is to study vulnerability factors for the onset and reoccurrence of the disorder. One area of research has investigated how mindfulness meditation can be used to prevent depression relapse in those with chronic recurrent depression; however, major gaps still exist in our understanding of how mindfulness may relate to depression risk and what role trait mindfulness may play in depression onset and reoccurrence. The goal of the current study was to explore whether cognitive emotion regulation strategies (rumination, cognitive reappraisal, and thought suppression) mediate associations between trait levels of mindfulness and positive and negative affect in at-risk populations, defined as having at least one previous episode of depression or having a parental history of depression. Participants were assessed using an online questionnaire format, and mediation models were tested using structural equation modeling. Both rumination and cognitive reappraisal mediated the relationship between trait mindfulness and positive and negative affect. The current study provides evidence for how mindfulness relates to depression risk through specific cognitive emotion regulation strategies and has implications for the role mindfulness plays in depression vulnerability and resilience.
Rehabilitating prisoners: The place of basic life skills programmes

Purpose Tackling high reoffending rates in England and Wales is of significant political interest, with education and training being viewed as an important mechanism to achieve change. The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of a small empirical study examining a life skills programme delivered in a Category C prison in the West Midlands. Design/methodology/approach The study used a multi-method approach incorporating observations of two modules, four focus groups with prisoners enrolled on the programme, questionnaires with programme completers, and semi-structured interviews with staff. Findings The findings indicate that life skills are an important component in rehabilitation. More specifically, developing the necessary tools to assist prisoners in everyday life, such as recognition, interpretation, reflection, response, and planning is fundamental to rehabilitation. Research limitations/implications A limitation of this study was that only prisoners currently at this Category C prison were included. This could be complemented by the inclusion of more participants who had completed the programme; however, access and data protection considerations limited the study to one location. Practical implications The key message of this study is that without addressing basic life skills, education and vocational rehabilitation is severely limited. Social implications To reduce reoffending rates, it is important to conceive rehabilitation in broader terms, not simply in relation to education and vocational training. Originality/value This paper offers insight into an unreported area of good practice in prison rehabilitation provision.
Explicit Knowledge-based Reasoning for Visual Question Answering

We describe a method for visual question answering which is capable of reasoning about contents of an image on the basis of information extracted from a large-scale knowledge base. The method not only answers natural language questions using concepts not contained in the image, but can provide an explanation of the reasoning by which it developed its answer. The method is capable of answering far more complex questions than the predominant long short-term memory-based approach, and outperforms it significantly in the testing. We also provide a dataset and a protocol by which to evaluate such methods, thus addressing one of the key issues in general visual ques- tion answering.
Canadian adolescent perspectives on self-criticism and self-compassion: The role of parent-youth relationships and culture

This study explored the family context, the parent-adolescent relationship, and the ways in which Canadian adolescent youths conceptualized, understood, and viewed self-criticism and self-compassion in their everyday lives. Ten immigrant youths (five Filipinos and five Africans) aged 12-18 years old, were interviewed about feeling down, disappointment, failure, as well as the ways in which they felt or experienced positivity and their relationships with their parents. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to analyze the youths’ responses. The youths discussed a broad range of concepts, views, and ideas connected to self-criticism, self-compassion, and parent-adolescent relationships including re-focusing to an optimistic perspective during tough times, negative states of laziness and overthinking, conflicts with peers and parents and how these stresses are internalized and felt, feeling consumed by sadness and mistakes, anger and regret from mistakes, acknowledging distresses as temporary, feeling heard and understood by their mothers, and speaking to fathers only when permission was required.
Biorthogonal bases with local support and approximation properties

We construct locally supported basis functions which are biorthogonal to conforming nodal finite element basis functions of degree p in one dimension. In contrast to earlier approaches, these basis functions have the same support as the nodal finite element basis functions and reproduce the conforming finite element space of degree p - 1. Working with Gaus-Lobatto nodes, we find an interesting connection between biorthogonality and quadrature formulas. One important application of these newly constructed biorthogonal basis functions are two-dimensional mortar finite elements. The weak continuity condition of the constrained mortar space is realized in terms of our new dual bases. As a result, local static condensation can be applied which is very attractive from the numerical point of view. Numerical results are presented for cubic mortar finite elements.