Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Co-evolution of logical couplings and commits for defect estimation

Logical couplings between files in the commit history of a software repository are instances of files being changed together. The evolution of couplings over commits' history has been used for the localization and prediction of software defects in software reliability. Couplings have been represented in class graphs and change histories on the class-level have been used to identify defective modules. Our new approach inverts this perspective and constructs graphs of ordered commits coupled by common changed classes. These graphs, thus, represent the co-evolution of commits, structured by the change patterns among classes. We believe that co-evolutionary graphs are a promising new instrument for detecting defective software structures. As a first result, we have been able to correlate the history of logical couplings to the history of defects for every commit in the graph and to identify sub-structures of bug-fixing commits over sub-structures of normal commits.
Aerobic Endurance Exercise or Circuit-Type Resistance Training for Individuals with Impaired Glucose Tolerance?

The role of physical activity in the prevention of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is of utmost importance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the metabolic effects of aerobic endurance exercise and circuit-type resistance training in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Twenty-two individuals participated in the study. Fourteen subjects were enrolled in the aerobic endurance exercise part of the study; seven exercised regularly for six months, while seven served as controls. Maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) was measured and insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion were assessed by a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT). Eight subjects participated in a circuit-type resistance training program for three months. Insulin sensitivity and substrate oxidation were then assessed using the euglycemic insulin clamp technique combined with indirect calorimetry. The aerobic endurance exercise program caused in increase in VO2max (21.6 +/- 1.9 to 25.4 +/- 2.4 ml/kg.min; p < 0.05) and HDL-cholesterol (1.14 +/- 0.06 to 1.23 +/- 0.08 mmol/l; p < 0.05), but no change in insulin sensitivity nor insulin secretion occurred. However, comparing the changes between the intervention and control group, the differences disappeared. Circuit-type resistance training increased insulin sensitivity (glucose disposal) by 23% (p < 0.05), primarily due to a 27% increase in non-oxidative glucose metabolism. Both circuit-type resistance training and aerobic endurance exercise seem to have beneficial effects in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. However, by improving insulin sensitivity, circuit-type resistance training may postpone the manifestations of NIDDM in these high-risk individuals and should therefore be included in an exercise program for IGT subjects.
Reconstruction in the Round Using Photometric Normals and Silhouettes.

This paper addresses the problem of obtaining complete, detailed reconstructions of shiny textureless objects. We present an algorithm which uses silhouettes of the object, as well as images obtained under varying illumination conditions. In contrast with previous photometric stereo techniques, ours is not limited to a single viewpoint and produces accurate reconstructions in full 3D. A number of images of the object are obtained from multiple viewpoints, under varying lighting conditions. Starting from the silhouettes, the algorithm recovers camera motion and constructs the object’s visual hull. This is then used to recover the illumination and initialise a multi-view photometric stereo scheme to obtain a closed surface reconstruction. The contributions of the paper are twofold: Firstly we describe a robust technique to estimate light directions and intensities and secondly, we introduce a novel formulation of photometric stereo which combines multiple viewpoints and hence allows closed surface reconstructions. The algorithm has been implemented as a practical model acquisition system. Here, a quantitative evaluation of the algorithm on synthetic data is presented together with a complete reconstruction of a challenging real object.
Computation of Nonlinear Parameters of Heart Rhythm Using Short Time ECG Segments

We propose the method to compute the nonlinear parameters of heart rhythm (correlation dimension D 2 and correlation entropy K 2) using 5-minute ECG recordings preferred for screening of population. Conversion of RR intervals' time series into continuous function x(t) allows getting the new time series with different sampling rate dt. It has been shown that for all dt (250, 200, 125, and 100 ms) the cross-plots of D 2 and K 2 against embedding dimension m for phase-space reconstruction start to level off at m = 9. The sample size N at different sampling rates varied from 1200 at dt = 250 ms to 3000 at dt = 100 ms. Along with, the D 2 and K 2 means were not statistically different; that is, the sampling rate did not influence the results. We tested the feasibility of the method in two models: nonlinear heart rhythm dynamics in different states of autonomous nervous system and age-related characteristics of nonlinear parameters. According to the acquired data, the heart rhythm is more complex in childhood and adolescence with more influential parasympathetic influence against the background of elevated activity of sympathetic autonomous nervous system.
Improving Survival Rate of Patients with In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Five Years of Experience in a Single Center in Korea

The aim of this study was to describe the cause of the recent improvement in the outcomes of patients who experienced in-hospital cardiac arrest. We retrospectively analyzed the in-hospital arrest registry of a tertiary care university hospital in Korea between 2005 and 2009. Major changes to the in-hospital resuscitation policies occurred during the study period, which included the requirement of extensive education of basic life support and advanced cardiac life support, the reformation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) team with trained physicians, and the activation of a medical emergency team. A total of 958 patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest were enrolled. A significant annual trend in in-hospital survival improvement (odds ratio = 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.65-0.90) was observed in a multivariate model. The adjusted trend analysis of the return of spontaneous circulation, six-month survival, and survival with minimal neurologic impairment upon discharge and six-months afterward revealed similar results to the original analysis. These trends in outcome improvement throughout the study were apparent in non-ICU (Intensive Care Unit) areas. We report that the in-hospital survival of cardiac arrest patients gradually improved. Multidisciplinary hospital-based efforts that reinforce the Chain of Survival concept may have contributed to this improvement.
Adaptive rate-controlled scheduling for multimedia applications

We present a framework for integrated scheduling of continuous media (CM) and other applications. The framework consists of a rate-controlled on-line CPU scheduler, an admission control interface, a monitoring module and a rate adaptation interface. Rate-controlled scheduling allows processes to reserve CPU time to achieve progress guarantees. It provides firewall protection between processes such that the progress guarantee to a process is independent of how other processes actually make scheduling requests. Rate adaptation allows a CM application to adapt its rate to changes in its execution environment. We have implemented the scheduling framework as an extension to Solaris 2.3. We present experimental results which show that our framework is highly effective in scheduling CM and various other applications in a general purpose workstation environment,
Fatigue strength of hard-chromium-plated handlebars

Prototypes of handlebars for motorcycles were fabricated by rotary bending and hard-chromium electrodeposition. Fatigue tests were carried out on rough handlebars and hard-chromium plated handlebars; the former resisted over 200.000 cycles, the latter failed at about 50.000 cycles. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) allowed one to observe the presence of sub-surface cracks, which probably originated during the tube bending. Moreover numerical simulation permitted one to identify the occurrence of buckling during the bending process. The combination of buckling, cracks and residual stresses from the chromium electrodeposition results in a very poor behaviour of the handlebar under fatigue test.
Adoption of Mobile Payments in Kenyan Businesses: A Case Study of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) in Kenya

study focuses on adoption of mobile payment on business in Kenya. We employ Technology, Organization and Environment (TOE) to identify factors that motivate SME to adopt mobile payment methods in their businesses. To achieve this, we performed a cross-sectional survey and sampled 317 SMEs from three strata; hotels and restaurants, tours and travel and supermarkets. Structured Equation Model (SEM) analysis reveals a significant relationship between all indicators and latent variables; Technology, Organization and Environment. Based on these results, we then present a validated framework for the adoption of Mobile Payment platforms in SMEs.
Inhibition of biofouling by marine microorganisms and their metabolites

Abstract Development of microbial biofilms and the recruitment of propagules on the surfaces of man-made structures in the marine environment cause serious problems for the navies and for marine industries around the world. Current antifouling technology is based on the application of toxic substances that can be harmful to the natural environment. For this reason and the global ban of tributyl tin (TBT), there is a need for the development of “environmentally-friendly” antifoulants. Marine microbes are promising potential sources of non-toxic or less-toxic antifouling compounds as they can produce substances that inhibit not only the attachment and/or growth of microorganisms but also the settlement of invertebrate larvae and macroalgal spores. However, so far only few antilarval settlement compounds have been isolated and identified from bacteria. In this review knowledge about antifouling compounds produced by marine bacteria and diatoms are summarised and evaluated and future research directions are highlighted.
Community Size and Metabolic Rates of Psychrophilic Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Arctic Marine Sediments

ABSTRACT The numbers of sulfate reducers in two Arctic sediments with in situ temperatures of 2.6 and −1.7°C were determined. Most-probable-number counts were higher at 10°C than at 20°C, indicating the predominance of a psychrophilic community. Mean specific sulfate reduction rates of 19 isolated psychrophiles were compared to corresponding rates of 9 marine, mesophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria. The results indicate that, as a physiological adaptation to the permanently cold Arctic environment, psychrophilic sulfate reducers have considerably higher specific metabolic rates than their mesophilic counterparts at similarly low temperatures.
Killing the goose that laid the golden egg?

Sales of herbal, homoeopathic, and other complementary remedies are growing fast, and increasing numbers of people are visiting complementary practitioners.1 The international market for complementary and alternative medicine is now worth a considerable amount of money—an estimated $21.2bn in the United States in 1997, more than half of which was paid directly by patients,2 and £450m in Britain in 1998, with 90% purchased privately.3 Two articles in this issue illustrate the suspicion of complementary medicine that still exists among many medical practitioners and the potential for integrating complementary and orthodox treatments.4 5 Complementary medicine is marginalised in the healthcare systems of many countries, but calls for a more integrated approach are growing louder and seem to be having an effect.6–8 Hostility to complementary medicine among doctors is starting to erode. Basic courses in various complementary therapies are now available in many medical schools in Britain9 and the United States,10 albeit on an optional basis. Some doctors go on to do more advanced training, enabling them to …
A High‐Efficiency Solution‐Deposited Thin‐Film Photovoltaic Device

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was conductedon theCIGS ﬁlms, which werecleaved prior to the SEM analyses and coated with a thin Pd–Au ﬁlm to prevent charging effects. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) was performed using an NEC 3UH Pelletron, with a beam current of 20 nA @ 2.3 MeV. PIXE was performed using the same machine with 1.1 MeV protons. The SIMS measurements were obtained using a Cameca SC-Ultra instrument. Cesium primary ion bombardment at 3 keV and 30 nA provided the sputtering, and Cs attached positive secondary ions were detected. The
Influence of listening conditions and listener characteristics on intelligibility of dysarthric speech

Little is known about the effects of listener characteristics or listening conditions on intelligibility scores. This study compared intelligibility scores of dysarthric speech achieved under a standard listening condition with those obtained in non‐standard conditions and investigated the effect of listener age, gender and familiarity with speaker accent on intelligibility scores. No differences were observed in the mean intelligibility scores across standard and non‐standard listening conditions. However, mean range of scores in the standard condition was lower than in the non‐standard condition (t = 3.07, df 90, p<.003; 95% CI 2.04–9.76). No main effects of listener age, gender or familiarity of accent were observed. When composite effects were examined increased age in male listeners was associated with reduced intelligibility scores. Results from the current study suggest that when conducting intelligibility research listening conditions should be standardised and that adult listeners of either gender and any age may be used to test intelligibility outcomes providing hearing acuity is taken into consideration.
Immunoglobulin G antibodies in human vaginal secretions after parenteral vaccination

The induction of antibodies in vaginal secretions by systemic (intramuscular) immunization in humans was investigated by using the tetanus toxoid vaccine. Five women, 30 to 40 years old, were injected with a currently used dose of toxoid (40 IU), and serum, saliva, and vaginal secretion samples were collected on day 0 and on day 6 or day 10. All of these subjects had been previously vaccinated at least 5 years before; four were in good health, whereas one suffered from AIDS in clinical category B3. In most cases, analysis of specific antibodies in the vaginal wash showed a dramatic rise after boosting. These antibodies were primarily of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype. The specific activity (ratio of antibody titer to IgG concentration) was shown to increase after the booster injection, irrespective of variations in the IgG level during the menstrual cycle. Comparison between serum and genital antibodies showed no difference in terms of both specific activity and level of avidity. These results demonstrate that parenteral injections can induce a systemic-derived antibody release in the vaginal fluid. Hence, systemic vaccinations can be efficient at the genital level and thus could reinforce or even replace a local vaccine.
Block-time of arrival/leaving estimation to enhance local spectrum sensing under the practical traffic of primary user

With a long sensing period, the inter-frame spectrum sensing in IEEE 802.22 standard is vulnerable to the effect of the traffic of the primary user (PU). In this article, we address the two degrading factors that affect the inter-frame sensing performance with respect to the random arrival/leaving of the PU traffic. They are the noise-only samples under the random arrival traffic, and the PU-signal-contained samples under the random leaving traffic. We propose the model in which the intra-frame sensing cooperates with the inter-frame one, and the inter-frame sensing uses the time-of-arrival (ToA), and time-of-leave (ToL) detectors to reduce the two degrading factors in the inter-frame sensing time. These ToA and ToL detectors are used to search for the sample which contains either the ToA or ToL of the PU traffic, respectively, which allows the partial cancelation of the unnecessary samples. At the final stage, the remaining samples are input into a primary user detector, which is based on the energy detection scheme, to determine the status of PU traffic in the inter-frame sensing time. The analysis and the simulation results show that the proposed scheme enhances the spectrum-sensing performance compared to the conventional counter-part.
Association of 5-HTTLPR Polymorphism with the Nursing Diagnoses and the Achievement of Nursing Outcomes in Patients with Major Depression

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to investigate whether a 44-base-pair insertion/deletion polymorphism in the upstream regulatory region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) is associated with the nursing diagnoses and the achievement of the desired nursing outcomes in inpatients with major depression. Thirty five patients were evaluated. The nursing diagnoses of risk for suicide and imbalanced nutrition are reported less often in homozygotes of the high-expressing gene (LA). Carriers of the low-expressing genes (LG or S) have a worse response to interventions which aim to increase low self-esteem, indicating that they may need more intensive care in order to achieve the desired outcome. Genetics in psychiatric nursing could help refine personalized care, however further studies with large sample sizes and multiple gene evaluations are needed.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of equine assisted activities and therapies on gross motor outcome in children with cerebral palsy

Purpose: To evaluate the literature on the efficacy of equine assisted activities and therapies (EAAT) on gross motor outcomes representing the ICF component of body functions and activity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies of hippotherapy (HPOT) and therapeutic horseback riding (TR) for children with spastic CP. Gross motor outcomes, assessed via muscle activity and muscle tone, gait, posture and Gross Motor Function Measures (GMFM) were evaluated. Results: Five TR studies and nine HPOT studies were included. Our meta-analysis indicated that short-term HPOT (total riding time 8–10 min) significantly reduced asymmetrical activity of the hip adductor muscles. HPOT could improve postural control in children with spastic CP, GMFCS level < 5. However, the evidence did not show a statistically significant effect on GMFM after long-term HPOT or TR (total riding time, 8–22 h) in children with spastic CP. Conclusions: This systematic review found insufficient evidence to support the claim that long-term TR or HPOT provide a significant benefit to children with spastic CP. We found no statistically significant evidence of either therapeutic effect or maintenance effects on the gross motor activity status in CP children. Implications for Rehabilitation Children with cerebral palsy (CP) suffer various degrees of lifelong impairment of movement and posture. Equine assisted activities and therapies (EAAT) have been used in this group. The systematic review found insufficient evidence that long-term EAAT provide a significant benefit to children with spastic CP.
Deficits in hippocampal‐dependent transfer generalization learning accompany synaptic dysfunction in a mouse model of amyloidosis

Elevated β‐amyloid and impaired synaptic function in hippocampus are among the earliest manifestations of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Most cognitive assessments employed in both humans and animal models, however, are insensitive to this early disease pathology. One critical aspect of hippocampal function is its role in episodic memory, which involves the binding of temporally coincident sensory information (e.g., sights, smells, and sounds) to create a representation of a specific learning epoch. Flexible associations can be formed among these distinct sensory stimuli that enable the “transfer” of new learning across a wide variety of contexts. The current studies employed a mouse analog of an associative “transfer learning” task that has previously been used to identify risk for prodromal AD in humans. The rodent version of the task assesses the transfer of learning about stimulus features relevant to a food reward across a series of compound discrimination problems. The relevant feature that predicts the food reward is unchanged across problems, but an irrelevant feature (i.e., the context) is altered. Experiment 1 demonstrated that C57BL6/J mice with bilateral ibotenic acid lesions of hippocampus were able to discriminate between two stimuli on par with control mice; however, lesioned mice were unable to transfer or apply this learning to new problem configurations. Experiment 2 used the APPswePS1 mouse model of amyloidosis to show that robust impairments in transfer learning are evident in mice with subtle β‐amyloid‐induced synaptic deficits in the hippocampus. Finally, Experiment 3 confirmed that the same transfer learning impairments observed in APPswePS1 mice were also evident in the Tg‐SwDI mouse, a second model of amyloidosis. Together, these data show that the ability to generalize learned associations to new contexts is disrupted even in the presence of subtle hippocampal dysfunction and suggest that, across species, this aspect of hippocampal‐dependent learning may be useful for early identification of AD‐like pathology. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conductance versus bias voltage characteristics of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

High-field electron transport in multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) is studied employing a mechanically controllable break junction (MCBJ) technique. Bridging of MWNTs over Au electrodes is accomplished by repeatedly breaking Au contacts in a nanotube-dispersed solution. Observed conductance versus bias voltage (G–V) characteristics show that the conductance of MWNTs linearly increases with the bias up to 3 V. Also, the important role of the nanotube/electrode contact resistance on the electron transport through MWNTs is pointed out from measurements of G–V characteristics at various electrode distances.