Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A brief survey on deep belief networks and introducing a new object oriented MATLAB toolbox (DeeBNet)

Nowadays, this is very popular to use the deep architectures in machine learning. Deep Belief Networks (DBNs) are deep architectures that use stack of Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM) to create a powerful generative model using training data. DBNs have many ability like feature extraction and classification that are used in many applications like image processing, speech processing and etc. This paper introduces a new object oriented MATLAB toolbox with most of abilities needed for the implementation of DBNs. In the new version, the toolbox can be used in Octave. According to the results of the experiments conducted on MNIST (image), ISOLET (speech), and 20 Newsgroups (text) datasets, it was shown that the toolbox can learn automatically a good representation of the input from unlabeled data with better discrimination between different classes. Also on all datasets, the obtained classification errors are comparable to those of state of the art classifiers. In addition, the toolbox supports different sampling methods (e.g. Gibbs, CD, PCD and our new FEPCD method), different sparsity methods (quadratic, rate distortion and our new normal method), different RBM types (generative and discriminative), using GPU, etc. The toolbox is a user-friendly open source software and is freely available on the website this http URL .
Exceptional Loci on $\bar M_{0,n}$ and Hypergraph Curves

We give a myriad of examples of extremal divisors, rigid curves, and birational morphisms with unexpected properties for the Grothendieck--Knudsen moduli space $\bar M_{0,n}$ of stable rational curves. The basic tool is an isomorphism between $M_{0,n}$ and the Brill--Noether locus of a very special reducible curve corresponding to a hypergraph.
Effect of sensory conditions on postural control in children aged 4 to 7 years

Introduction: Maintaining stability and body balance are key aspects of motor development during childhood. These are functions of the postural control system, which is linked to the sensory and motor nervous systems. Material and Methods: We studied the effect of sensory conditions of different tasks on postural control in 66 children aged 4 to 7 years. Three tests were passed: visual alteration test, vestibular alteration test and proprioceptive alteration test. Three mixed model MANOVA tests were performed, one for each test, in order to verify the effect of age (x4) and block (x6) on the 3 study variables. Results: The results show that age and block had a main effect on the dependent variables in the 3 tests performed, as well as an effect of age-block interaction on the vestibular test. In addition, the proprioceptive alteration generates a greater postural imbalance and, afterwards, there was a greater sensory reweighting. Conclusions: an effect of the sensorial condition was found in all tests on the postural control in all the ages studied. Moreover, it was observed that the alteration of the vestibular information affects the youngest children to a greater extent.
Mastery and Minorities: Sense of Personal Control among Ethno-racial Groups in Canada

Abstract:This paper uses the 2008 General Social Survey to assess differences in mastery or sense of personal control among Canada’s ethno-racial groups. Findings reveal that Canadians express considerable mastery, but the three principal minority communities–the French, Indigenous Peoples, and especially visible minorities–exhibit the lowest levels. Multivariate analyses show that socioeconomic factors are primarily responsible for the somewhat lower mastery of French and Indigenous Canadians. In contrast, much of the lower mastery among visible minorities is attributable to ethno-cultural influences: visible minorities are more likely to be recent immigrants, Allophones, and practicing non-Christians and these factors are associated with lower mastery. Even with controls, visible minorities report the lowest mastery of all groups. Résumé:Les analyses utilisant l’Enquête sociale générale de 2008 révèlent que, bien que les Canadiens expriment généralement une maîtrise personnelle considérable, les trois minorités les plus distinctives- les minorités francophones, les peuples autochtones, et les minorités visibles - affichent toutes une maîtrise inférieure au groupe de référence britannique. Les analyses multivariées montrent que, de différentes manières pour chaque groupe, la maîtrise plus faible des minorités s’explique en grande partie par: le contexte socioéconomique, mesuré par l’éducation de la mère et du père; le statut socioéconomique actuel, tel qu’indiqué par l’éducation et le revenu du répondant; et des corrélations culturelles qui comprennent la langue, la religion / religiosité et le statut d’immigration. La maîtrise légèrement inférieure des répondants français provient presque entièrement de mères ayant un niveau de scolarité relativement faible. La maîtrise quelque peu inférieure des peuples autochtones est entièrement attribuable aux facteurs socio-économiques, en particulier le faible revenu, le faible niveau d’éducation et la faible éducation de la mère. En revanche, la faible maîtrise des minorités visibles est principalement attribuable aux influences culturelles: comparativement aux autres Canadiens, les minorités visibles sont plus susceptibles d’être des immigrants récents, des allophones et des non-chrétiens pratiquants. Cependant, même avec des contrôles, les minorités visibles signalent la plus faible maîtrise de tous les groupes considérés. L’âge est un autre facteur clé, reflétant la maîtrise relativement élevée exprimée par les jeunes. L’article conclut en expliquant comment l’analyse améliore de façon significative notre compréhension des différences ethniques dans la maîtrise personnelle au Canada.
Superplastic Air‐Dryable Graphene Hydrogels for Wet‐Press Assembly of Ultrastrong Superelastic Aerogels with Infinite Macroscale

Highly compressible graphene‐based monoliths with excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties hold great potential as multifunctional structural materials to realize the targets of energy‐efficiency, comfort, and safety for buildings, vehicles, aircrafts, etc. Unfortunately, the ultralow mechanical strength and limited macroscale have hampered their practical applications. Herein, ultrastrong superelastic graphene aerogel with infinite macroscale is obtained by a facile wet‐press assembly strategy based on the novel superplastic air‐dryable graphene hydrogel (SAGH). The SAGH with isotropic, open‐cell, and highly porous microstructure is carefully designed by a dual‐template sol–gel method. Countless SAGH “bricks” can be assembled together orderly by press to form the strongly combined wet‐press assembled graphene aerogel (WAGA) “wall” after air‐drying. The WAGA with highly oriented, dense, multiple‐arch microstructure possesses arbitrary macroscale, outstanding compressive strength (47 MPa, over 10 times higher than the best ever reported), super elasticity (>97% strain), and high conductivity (378 S m−1). The strong adhesion is attributed to the tightly face‐to‐face contacted graphene interfaces caused by wet‐press and air‐drying. The WAGAs prove to be excellent multifunctional structural materials in the fields of high pressure/strain sensor, tunable mechanical energy absorber, high‐performance fire‐resistance, and thermal insulation. This facile strategy is easily extended to fabricate other similar metamaterials.
CHEILOSCOPY: A SCIENTIFIC APPROACH FOR PERSONAL IDENTI- FICATION

Introduction: Cheiloscopy is derived from Greek word “Cheiloswhich” meaning lips.It is the study of characteristic pattern of elevations and depressions on labial mucosa. It is unique for every individual like fingerprints and hence can be used to determine the sex and for personal identity. Aim: This study is undertaken to evaluate the uniqueness of lip prints for sexual and personal identification of an individual. Materials and Methods: lipsticks, brush, cellophane tape, bond paper and magnifying lens. 50 male and 50 female students were selected from Yenepoya University. Lipstick was applied on their lips evenly and the prints were taken on folded bond paper. The cellophane tape was stuck on the paper to preserve it as permanent records. The prints were analysed using magnifying lens and Tsuchihashi’s classification of lip prints was used for to determine the most common pattern of lip prints found in males and females and to study any similarity of lip prints between two individuals. Observations and Results: Our study showed in males the predominant pattern was of type III pattern (40%), followed by type IV (22%), type I (18%), type I’ (12%) type II (6%) and type V(4%) respectively. This hierarchy is different for females, where type I was more predominant(54%),next was type I’ (28%), type III (10%), type IV (4%), type II (1%)and type V(2%) . Hence these results confirm the uniqueness of lip prints for every individual and show its variation according to gender. Conclusion: The data obtained from the above study shows promising results and indicates the uniqueness of lip prints like fingerprints for every individual. They hold a possible potential to determine the sex of an individual and hence can be used as records for personal identification.
Instrument, Method, Brightness and Polarization Maps from the 2003 flight of BOOMERanG

Aims.We present the BOOMERanG-03 experiment, and the maps of the Stokes parameters I, Q, U of the microwave sky obtained during a 14 day balloon flight in 2003. Methods.Using a balloon-borne mm-wave telescope with polarization sensitive bolometers, three regions of the southern sky were surveyed: a deep survey (~90 square degrees) and a shallow survey (~750 square degrees) at high Galactic latitudes (both centered at , Dec ~ −45°) and a survey of ~300 square degrees across the Galactic plane at , dec ~ −47° . All three surveys were carried out in three wide frequency bands centered at 145, 245 and 345 GHz, with an angular resolution of ~ . Results.The 145 GHz maps of Stokes I are dominated by Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature anisotropy, which is mapped with high signal to noise ratio. The measured anisotropy pattern is consistent with the pattern measured in the same region by BOOMERanG-98 and by WMAP. The 145 GHz maps of Stokes Q and U provide a robust statistical detection of polarization of the CMB when subjected to a power spectrum analysis. The amplitude of the detected polarization is consistent with that of the CMB in the CDM cosmological scenario. At 145 GHz, in the CMB surveys, the intensity and polarization of the astrophysical foregrounds are found to be negligible with respect to the cosmological signal. At 245 and 345 GHz we detect ISD emission correlated to the 3000 GHz IRAS/DIRBE maps, and give upper limits for any other non-CMB component. When compared to monitors of different interstellar components, the intensity maps of the surveyed section of the Galactic plane show that a variety of emission mechanisms is present in that region.
The role of organizational justice to develop organizational citizenship behavior: moderating effect of islamic work ethics

This paper aims to examine and test the role of organizational justice (distributive, procedural & interactional) to develop and promote organizational citizenship in Pakistani financial institutions under moderation effect of Islamic work ethics on the concepts of social exchange, equity and meta/normative ethics theories. In order to pledge the riven opinion on the relationship of organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior in the existing literature, Islamic work ethics has been inducted as a moderator. The population of the study is the 19 Financial Institutions of Pakistan and data were collected through a survey based 230 questionnaires. PLS was employed to analyze the data and post analysis; it has been established that all three forms of organizational justice are playing a role in the development of organizational citizenship behavior with varying level of impact and interestingly interactional justice is more dominating. Islamic work ethics has no moderation part in the relationship of organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior. Islamic work ethics is autonomous character for organizational citizenship behavior development. The study has significant contribution to the existing literature available on all the constructs. The imminent studies may expand its scope.
Positive Allosteric Modulation of Kv Channels by Sevoflurane: Insights into the Structural Basis of Inhaled Anesthetic Action

Inhalational general anesthesia results from the poorly understood interactions of haloethers with multiple protein targets, which prominently includes ion channels in the nervous system. Previously, we reported that the commonly used inhaled anesthetic sevoflurane potentiates the activity of voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channels, specifically, several mammalian Kv1 channels and the Drosophila K-Shaw2 channel. Also, previous work suggested that the S4-S5 linker of K-Shaw2 plays a role in the inhibition of this Kv channel by n-alcohols and inhaled anesthetics. Here, we hypothesized that the S4-S5 linker is also a determinant of the potentiation of Kv1.2 and K-Shaw2 by sevoflurane. Following functional expression of these Kv channels in Xenopus oocytes, we found that converse mutations in Kv1.2 (G329T) and K-Shaw2 (T330G) dramatically enhance and inhibit the potentiation of the corresponding conductances by sevoflurane, respectively. Additionally, Kv1.2-G329T impairs voltage-dependent gating, which suggests that Kv1.2 modulation by sevoflurane is tied to gating in a state-dependent manner. Toward creating a minimal Kv1.2 structural model displaying the putative sevoflurane binding sites, we also found that the positive modulations of Kv1.2 and Kv1.2-G329T by sevoflurane and other general anesthetics are T1-independent. In contrast, the positive sevoflurane modulation of K-Shaw2 is T1-dependent. In silico docking and molecular dynamics-based free-energy calculations suggest that sevoflurane occupies distinct sites near the S4-S5 linker, the pore domain and around the external selectivity filter. We conclude that the positive allosteric modulation of the Kv channels by sevoflurane involves separable processes and multiple sites within regions intimately involved in channel gating.
An Adaptive and Book-Oriented Mobile Touch Screen User Interface Concept for Novice Senior Users

The penetration rate of smart phones is increasing rapidly and therefore these mobile devices become more and more dominating in daily life. Within an extremely short period of time the way of communication, reading books, listening music, viewing images e.g. has changed dramatically. For elderly people definitively too little time to adapt to this new type of interaction paradigm accordingly. But the number of senior people is growing worldwide and therefore the user experience of these mobile devices has to be adapted to the needs of the elderly. In this paper we introduce a touch screen based UI concept for senior users. This concept is based on two different interface layers: the integrated scalable help system and the book-oriented application design which uses the metaphor of books for menu selection and a flat navigation tree for reducing short-term memory load.
Metaproteogenomics Reveals Taxonomic and Functional Changes between Cecal and Fecal Microbiota in Mouse

Previous studies on mouse models report that cecal and fecal microbial communities may differ in the taxonomic structure, but little is known about their respective functional activities. Here, we employed a metaproteogenomic approach, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, shotgun metagenomics and shotgun metaproteomics, to analyze the microbiota of paired mouse cecal contents (CCs) and feces, with the aim of identifying changes in taxon-specific functions. As a result, Gram-positive anaerobes were observed as considerably higher in CCs, while several key enzymes, involved in oxalate degradation, glutamate/glutamine metabolism, and redox homeostasis, and most actively expressed by Bacteroidetes, were clearly more represented in feces. On the whole, taxon and function abundance appeared to vary consistently with environmental changes expected to occur throughout the transit from the cecum to outside the intestine, especially when considering metaproteomic data. The results of this study indicate that functional and metabolic differences exist between CC and stool samples, paving the way to further metaproteogenomic investigations aimed at elucidating the functional dynamics of the intestinal microbiota.
Towards a Capacitive Enzyme Sensor for Direct Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides: Fundamental Studies and Aspects of Development

The realisation of a miniaturised potentiometric enzyme biosensor is presented. The biosensor chip utilises the enzyme organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) for the direct determination of pesticides. The transducer structure of the sensor chip consists of a pH- sensitive capacitive electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) structure that reacts towards pH changes caused by the OPH-catalysed hydrolysis of the organophosphate compounds. The biosensor is operated versus a conventional Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Measurements were performed in the capacitance/voltage (C/V) and constant capacitance (ConCap) mode for the two different pesticides paraoxon and parathion. For the development of this new type of biosensor, different immobilisation strategies, influence of buffer composition and concentration, transducer material, detection limit, long-term stability and selectivity have been studied.
A Role for Gene Duplication and Natural Variation of Gene Expression in the Evolution of Metabolism

Background Most eukaryotic genomes have undergone whole genome duplications during their evolutionary history. Recent studies have shown that the function of these duplicated genes can diverge from the ancestral gene via neo- or sub-functionalization within single genotypes. An additional possibility is that gene duplicates may also undergo partitioning of function among different genotypes of a species leading to genetic differentiation. Finally, the ability of gene duplicates to diverge may be limited by their biological function. Methodology/Principal Findings To test these hypotheses, I estimated the impact of gene duplication and metabolic function upon intraspecific gene expression variation of segmental and tandem duplicated genes within Arabidopsis thaliana. In all instances, the younger tandem duplicated genes showed higher intraspecific gene expression variation than the average Arabidopsis gene. Surprisingly, the older segmental duplicates also showed evidence of elevated intraspecific gene expression variation albeit typically lower than for the tandem duplicates. The specific biological function of the gene as defined by metabolic pathway also modulated the level of intraspecific gene expression variation. The major energy metabolism and biosynthetic pathways showed decreased variation, suggesting that they are constrained in their ability to accumulate gene expression variation. In contrast, a major herbivory defense pathway showed significantly elevated intraspecific variation suggesting that it may be under pressure to maintain and/or generate diversity in response to fluctuating insect herbivory pressures. Conclusion These data show that intraspecific variation in gene expression is facilitated by an interaction of gene duplication and biological activity. Further, this plays a role in controlling diversity of plant metabolism.
Transposon Disruption of the Complex I NADH Oxidoreductase Gene (snoD) in Staphylococcus aureus Is Associated with Reduced Susceptibility to the Microbicidal Activity of Thrombin-Induced Platelet Microbicidal Protein 1

ABSTRACT The cationic molecule thrombin-induced platelet microbicidal protein 1 (tPMP-1) exerts potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus. We previously reported that a Tn551 S. aureus transposon mutant, ISP479R, and two bacteriophage back-transductants, TxA and TxB, exhibit reduced in vitro susceptibility to tPMP-1 (tPMP-1r) compared to the parental strain, ISP479C (V. Dhawan, M. R. Yeaman, A. L. Cheung, E. Kim, P. M. Sullam, and A. S. Bayer, Infect. Immun. 65:3293-3299, 1997). In the current study, the genetic basis for tPMP-1r in these mutants was identified. GenBank homology searches using sequence corresponding to chromosomal DNA flanking Tn551 mutant strains showed that the fourth gene in the staphylococcal mnh operon (mnhABCDEFG) was insertionally inactivated. This operon was previously reported to encode a Na+/H+ antiporter involved in pH tolerance and halotolerance. However, the capacity of ISP479R to grow at pH extremes and in high NaCl concentrations (1 to 3 M), coupled with its loss of transmembrane potential (ΔΨ) during postexponential growth, suggested that the mnh gene products are not functioning as a secondary (i.e., passive) Na+/H+ antiporter. Moreover, we identified protein homologies between mnhD and the nuo genes of Escherichia coli that encode components of a complex I NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase. Consistent with these data, exposures of tPMP-1-susceptible (tPMP-1s) parental strains (both clinical and laboratory derived) with either CCCP (a proton ionophore which collapses the proton motive force) or pieracidin A (a specific complex I enzyme inhibitor) significantly reduced tPMP-induced killing to levels seen in the tPMP-1r mutants. To reflect the energization of the gene products encoded by the mnh operon, we have renamed the locus sno (S. aureus nuo orthologue). These novel findings indicate that disruption of a complex I enzyme locus can confer reduced in vitro susceptibility to tPMP-1 in S. aureus.
A taste of compressed sensing

The usual paradigm for signal processing is to model a signal as a bandlimited function and capture the signal by means of its time samples. The Shannon-Nyquist theory says that the sampling rate needs to be at least twice the bandwidth. For broadbanded signals, such high sampling rates may be impossible to implement in circuitry. Compressed Sensing is a new area of signal processing whose aim is to circumvent this dilemma by sampling signals closer to their information rate instead of their bandwidth. Rather than model the signal as bandlimited, Compressed Sensing, assumes the signal can be represented or approximated by a few suitably chosen terms from a basis expansion of the signal. It also enlarges the concept of sample to include the application of any linear functional applied to the signal. In this paper, we shall give a brief introduction to compressed sensing that centers on the effectiveness and implementation of random sampling.