Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From Group-based Learning to Cooperative Learning: A Metacognitive Approach to Project-based Group Supervision

Group-based learning creates an environment in which students can practice, gain, and improve soft skills such as leadership, communication, social, and conflict resolution skills. However, simply placing students in groups and creating group-based assessment tasks will not necessarily result in students developing and practicing these skills. Instead, specific approaches, such as co-operative learning in this case, need to be followed to ensure students develop theses skills. Of the six principles of cooperative learning, the first four (positive interdependence, accountability, team formation, and team size) can be addressed in the manner in which the groups are formed, its size, group assessment tasks, and the way in which the tasks are assessed. The remaining two principles, cognitive development and social development, can be addressed through a metacognitive approach to group supervision, which are detailed in this paper.
Maximal compact normal subgroups and pro-Lie groups

We are concerned with conditions under which a locally compact group G has a maximal compact normal subgroup K and whether or not G/K is a Lie group. If G has small compact normal subgroups K such that G/K is a Lie group, then G is pro-Lie. If in G there is a collection of closed normal subgroups {Hot } such that nf Ho = e and G/HQ, is a Lie group for each a, then G is a residual Lie group. We determine conditions under which a residual Lie group is pro-Lie and give an example of a residual Lie group which is not embeddable in a pro-Lie group. DEFINITION 1. A locally compact topological group G is an L-group if, for each neighborhood U of the identity and compact subset C of G, there is a neighborhood V such that gHg-1 n C c U for every g E G and subgroup H C V. DEFINITION 2. A topological group G is pro-Lie if G has small compact normal subgroups K such that G/K is a Lie group. DEFINITION 3. A locally compact group G is a residual Lie group if there is a collection of closed normal subgroups {H, } such that nH H = e and G/HQ is a Lie group for each a. It is easy to see that a residual Lie group is an L-group [1, Theorem 1.3 and its Corollary]. In this paper we obtain the following: If G is an L-group and has an open normal subgroup G1 such that G1/Go is compact, then G is pro-Lie. There exists a locally compact group G with a maximal compact normal subgroup K such that G/K is not a Lie group. A residual Lie group is not necessarily embeddable by a continuous isomorphism in a pro-Lie group. A generalized FC-group has a maximal compact normal subgroup. PROPOSITION 1. For a locally compact group G, the following are equivalent: (1) G has a compact normal subgroup K such that G/K is a Lie group. (2) G has a compact normal subgroup K such that G/K is locally connected. (3) G has an open normal subgroup G1 such that Gi/Go is compact. We denote the connected component of the identity of G by Go. PROOF. Obviously (1) implies (2). We assume that K is compact normal and G/K is locally connected. Thus (G/K)o = Go/K is open in G/K. It follows that KGo = G1 is an open normal subgroup of G and G1/Go is compact. We complete the proof by showing that (3) implies (1). Assuming (3) we have a maximal compact normal subgroup K of G1 and G1/K is a Lie group [1, Proposition 2.6]. Since K is maximal in G1 and G1 is normal in G, K is normal in G. Since GIG1 is discrete and G1/K is a Lie group, G/K is a Lie group. Received by the editors January 11, 1984. 1980 Mathematics Subject lassification. Primary 22D05. (0)1985 American Mathematical Society 0002-9939/85 $1.00 + $. 25 per page
The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: power-spectrum analysis of the final data set and cosmological implications

We present a power-spectrum analysis of the final 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS), employing a direct Fourier method. The sample used comprises 221 414 galaxies with measured redshifts. We investigate in detail the modelling of the sample selection, improving on previous treatments in a number of respects. A new angular mask is derived, based on revisions to the photometric calibration. The redshift selection function is determined by dividing the survey according to rest-frame colour, and deducing a self-consistent treatment of k-corrections and evolution for each population. The covariance matrix for the power-spectrum estimates is determined using two different approaches to the construction of mock surveys, which are used to demonstrate that the input cosmological model can be correctly recovered. We discuss in detail the possible differences between the galaxy and mass power spectra, and treat these using simulations, analytic models and a hybrid empirical approach. Based on these investigations, we are confident that the 2dFGRS power spectrum can be used to infer the matter content of the universe. On large scales, our estimated power spectrum shows evidence for the ‘baryon oscillations’ that are predicted in cold dark matter (CDM) models. Fitting to a CDM model, assuming a primordial n s = 1 spectrum, h = 0.72 and negligible neutrino mass, the preferred
Prevalence and factors associated with Group A rotavirus infection among children with acute diarrhea in Mwanza, Tanzania.

INTRODUCTION Rotavirus infections frequently cause acute gastroenteritis in humans and are the most important cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea in young children in both developed and developing countries. METHODOLOGY This was a prospective cross-sectional, hospital-based study on 300 children ≤ 5 years with acute watery diarrhea who attended Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) and Nyamagana District hospital between May and November 2009. Stool specimens were tested for rotavirus infection using latex agglutination test. Data were cleaned and analyzed using SPSS 11.0. RESULTS Of 300 children with acute watery diarrhea, 136 (45.3%) were female and the mean age was 12.63 months (SD = 10.4). Sixty-two (20.7%) children were found to have rotavirus infection. Of children with severe malnutrition three (37.5%) were infected with rotavirus. Fifty-two (84%) of children with rotavirus infection were below two years of age. Severe dehydration was present in 48 (16%) children of whom 12 (25%) were infected with rotavirus compared to 18 (16.6%) of 109 children with no dehydration. Living next door to a child with diarrhea was highly associated with rotavirus infection (43% versus 19%; p = 0.036). The mean hospital stay among children with rotavirus infection was 3.66 days versus 2.5 days for those without rotavirus (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION Rotavirus infection is prevalent in Mwanza region and contributes to prolonged hospital stay. Proper education on hygiene to control diarrheal diseases among children should be emphasized. Extensive studies to determine the serotypes of rotavirus are warranted in the region before rotavirus vaccine is introduced.
Safety and retention rate of rufinamide in 300 patients: A single pediatric epilepsy center experience

Reports of studies evaluating rufinamide as an add‐on therapy in children and adolescents with refractory epilepsy are restricted to a few publications. Prospective multicenter studies including children and adults have yielded important information about several types of epilepsies and syndromes. We evaluated the use of rufinamide in a single pediatric center with a large cohort and long‐term follow‐up period.
Vermis-cingulate cortex interconnections: A cerebro-cerebellar circuit in the rat.

Classic observations suggest that the cerebellum is involved in affect and its expression. The neural substrate that mediates this behavior has been unclear. Recently, Sacchetti and his colleagues demonstrated that lesions involving portions of lobules V and VI in the rat cerebellar vermis abolish the consolidation of fear conditioning (Sacchetti et al., 2002). To gain some insight into the circuitry that mediates this effect, we used retrograde transneuronal transport of rabies virus (RV) to examine inputs to and outputs from vermal lobule VI. We found that the cingulate cortex (Cg) is the origin of a substantial disynaptic projection to lobule VI. In addition, we found that the fastigial nucleus and portions of vermal lobule VI are the origin of substantial disynaptic and trisynaptic projections to Cg. These observations suggest that a closed-loop circuit exists between vermal lobule VI and Cg. Furthermore, our results raise the possibility that aspects of fear conditioning, in particular, and emotion, in general may be influenced by this cerebro-cerebellar circuit.
A Survey of Keystroke Dynamics Biometrics

Research on keystroke dynamics biometrics has been increasing, especially in the last decade. The main motivation behind this effort is due to the fact that keystroke dynamics biometrics is economical and can be easily integrated into the existing computer security systems with minimal alteration and user intervention. Numerous studies have been conducted in terms of data acquisition devices, feature representations, classification methods, experimental protocols, and evaluations. However, an up-to-date extensive survey and evaluation is not yet available. The objective of this paper is to provide an insightful survey and comparison on keystroke dynamics biometrics research performed throughout the last three decades, as well as offering suggestions and possible future research directions.
Role of Fermentation in Improving Nutritional Quality of Soybean Meal — A Review

Soybean meal (SBM), a commonly used protein source for animal feed, contains anti-nutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitor, phytate, oligosaccharides among others, which limit its utilization. Microbial fermentation using bacteria or fungi has the capability to improve nutritional value of SBM by altering the native composition. Both submerged and solid state fermentation processes can be used for this purpose. Bacterial and fungal fermentations result in degradation of various anti-nutritional factors, an increase in amount of small-sized peptides and improved content of both essential and non-essential amino acids. However, the resulting fermented products vary in levels of nutritional components as the two species used for fermentation differ in their metabolic activities. Compared to SBM, feeding non-ruminants with fermented SBM has several beneficial effects including increased average daily gain, improved growth performance, better protein digestibility, decreased immunological reactivity and undesirable morphological changes like absence of granulated pinocytotic vacuoles.
Critical Importance of Long-Term Adherence to Care in HIV Infected Patients in the cART Era: New Insights from Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia Cases over 2004–2011 in the FHDH-ANRS CO4 Cohort

Objective To describe characteristics and outcomes of HIV-infected patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) over 2004–2011 in France, in particular in those previously enrolled (PE) in the French Hospital Database on HIV (FHDH). Methods PE patients with an incident PCP were compared with patients with an inaugural PCP revealing HIV infection (reference). Adequate adherence to care was defined as a CD4 measurement at least every 6 months. Immune reconstitution (CD4≥200/mm3) and risk of death were studied using Kaplan-Meier estimates and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Results In a context of a decreasing incidence of PCP, 1259 HIV-infected patients had a PCP diagnosis, and 593 (47%) were PE patients of whom 161 (27%) have had a prior history of AIDS-defining clinical illness (prior ADI). Median time since enrolment was 8 years for PE patients; 74% had received cART. Median proportion of time with adequate adherence to care was 85% (IQR, 66–96) for all FHDH enrollees, but only 45% (IQR, 1–81) for PE patients during the 2 years before PCP. Median CD4 cell count (38/mm3) and HIV viral load (5.2 log10 copies/ml) at PCP diagnosis did not differ between PE patients and the reference group. Three year mortality rate of 25% was observed for PE prior ADI group, higher than in PE non-prior ADI group (8%) and the reference group (9%) (p<0.0001). In the PE prior ADI group, poor prognosis remained even after adjustment for virological control and immune reconstitution (HR, 2.4 [95%CI, 1.5–3.7]). Conclusion Almost 50% of PCP diagnoses in HIV-infected patients occurred presently in patients already in care, mainly with a previous cART prescription but with waning adherence to care. Having repeated ADI is contributing to the risk of death beyond its impact on immune reconstitution and viral suppression: special efforts must be undertaken to maintain those patients in care.
Randomized broadcasting in wireless mobile sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks are a new generation of networks that need specific models and algorithms. We are interested specifically in mobile wireless sensor networks that are considered as anonymous asynchronous distributed mobile systems. As broadcast is one of the most important applications for such networks, and as it depends on the communication model, we tried to find the most suitable one to make a distributed broadcast algorithm. We adopted the population protocols, the Angluin's model of pairwise interactions of anonymous finite‐state agents, to broadcast an information. We tried to modify this model to avoid the information duplication and then calculated the complexity of the algorithm. Then, we extended the model with the rendezvous one that made the stabilization of the algorithm faster. The implementation, the simulation, and the validation of these algorithms and results have been done with Visidia. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why Roma Do Not Like Mainstream Schools: Voices of a People without Territory.

In this article, Julio Vargas Claveria and Jesus Gomez Alonso argue that educational researchers have long ignored the Roma people and that this lack of attention has contributed to the persistence of educational inequity that the Roma endure throughout the world. The authors propose a new approach to Romani educational research based on intersubjective dialogue, and the emergence of an egalitarian relationship between the researcher and the researched. This communicative approach considers the reflections of those researched and safeguards the voices of those studied. The authors contextualize their methodological and ideological discussion within a framework of Romani history.
Restoration of catalytic functions in Cre recombinase mutants by electrostatic compensation between active site and DNA substrate

Two conserved catalytic arginines, Arg-173 and Arg-292, of the tyrosine site-specific recombinase Cre are essential for the transesterification steps of strand cleavage and joining in native DNA substrates containing scissile phosphate groups. The active site tyrosine (Tyr-324) provides the nucleophile for the cleavage reaction, and forms a covalent 3′-phosphotyrosyl intermediate. The 5′-hydroxyl group formed during cleavage provides the nucleophile for the joining reaction between DNA partners, yielding strand exchange. Previous work showed that substitution of the scissile phosphate (P) by methylphosphonate (MeP) permits strand cleavage by a Cre variant lacking Arg-292. We now demonstrate that MeP activation and cleavage are not blocked by substitution of Arg-173 or even simultaneous substitutions of Arg-173 and Arg-292 by alanine. Furthermore, Cre(R173A) and Cre(R292A) are competent in strand joining, Cre(R173A) being less efficient. No joining activity is detected with Cre(R173A, R292A). Consistent with their ability to cleave and join strands, Cre(R173A) and Cre(R292A) can promote recombination between two MeP-full-site DNA partners. These findings shed light on the overall contribution of active site electrostatics, and tease apart distinctive contributions of the individual arginines, to the chemical steps of recombination. They have general implications in active site mechanisms that promote important phosphoryl transfer reactions in nucleic acids.
Ketamine for rapid reduction of suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial

Background. Suicide is a devastating public health problem and very few biological treatments have been found to be effective for quickly reducing the intensity of suicidal ideation (SI). We have previously shown that a single dose of ketamine, a glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, is associated with a rapid reduction in depressive symptom severity and SI in patients with treatment-resistant depression. Method. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of ketamine in patients with mood and anxiety spectrum disorders who presented with clinically significant SI (n = 24). Patients received a single infusion of ketamine or midazolam (as an active placebo) in addition to standard of care. SI measured using the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSI) 24 h post-treatment represented the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale – Suicidal Ideation (MADRS-SI) score at 24 h and additional measures beyond the 24-h time-point. Results. The intervention was well tolerated and no dropouts occurred during the primary 7-day assessment period. BSI score was not different between the treatment groups at 24 h (p = 0.32); however, a significant difference emerged at 48 h (p = 0.047). MADRS-SI score was lower in the ketamine group compared to midazolam group at 24 h (p = 0.05). The treatment effect was no longer significant at the end of the 7-day assessment period. Conclusions. The current findings provide initial support for the safety and tolerability of ketamine as an intervention for SI in patients who are at elevated risk for suicidal behavior. Larger, well-powered studies are warranted.
LOW PRETERM BIRTH RATE WITH DECREASING EARLY NEONATAL MORTALITY IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA DURING 2007-2014

The aim: of the study was to determine the situation of preterm births and early neonatal mortality during 2007-2014 in Tuzla Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods: The study covers a 8-year period and is based on the protocols at the Tuzla Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics that covers all birth in Tuzla Canton area. We analyzed the gestational age of all newborns and recorded the number of neonatal deaths in the first week after birth. Demographics, pregnancy and birth characteristics were collected from the maternal records. Results: The total number of births in the period was 32738. Preterm birth was identified in 2401 (7.3%) cases with 12,5% occurring before 32 gestational weeks and 64% in 35-36 gestational weeks. The mothers of the 24-31 gws preterm group were significantly younger that those in the 32-36 group. In the 32-36 group there were significantly greater proportions of mothers with assisted reproductive technology and pre-eclampsia and 16.7% was medical induced preterm births versus 11.4 % in the 24-31 PTB group, p<0.05. The incidence of PTB did no vary significantly during the period, the lowest rate was found in 2010 (6.4%). A total of 221 children died giving a early mortality rate of 6.8 per 1000 live born over the 8 years. The majority 156 dying infants (70.6%) were preterm, only 5.7% died being born in the 35-36 gestational week (5.9 per 1000). Overall the preterm early mortality (7.3 per 1000) has shown a decreasing tendency during the latter years. Conclusion: During the last 8 years there have been no significant decline in preterm birth in the Tuzla region while a decline in early neonatal death has been registered.
Aggregation in dynamic networks

The aggregation problem assumes that every process starts an execution with a unique token (an abstraction for data). The goal is to collect these tokens at a minimum number of processes by the end of the execution. This problem is particularly relevant to mobile networks where peer-to-peer communication is cheap (e.g., using 802.11 or Bluetooth), but uploading data to a central server can be costly (e.g., using 3G/4G). With this in mind, we study this problem in a dynamic network model, in which the communication graph can change arbitrarily from round to round. We start by exploring global bounds. First we prove a negative result that shows that in general dynamic graphs no algorithm can achieve any measure of competitiveness against the optimal offline algorithm. Guided by this impossibility result, we focus our attention to dynamic graphs where every node interacts, at some point in the execution, with at least a p-fraction of the total number of nodes in the graph. We call these graphs p-clusters. We describe a distributed algorithm that in p-clusters aggregates the tokens to O(log n) processes with high probability. We then turn our attention to local bounds. Specifically we ask whether its possible to aggregate to O(log n) processes in parts of the graph that locally form a p-cluster. Here we prove a negative result: this is only possible if the local p-clusters are sufficiently isolated from the rest of the graph. We then match this result with an algorithm that achieves the desired aggregation given (close to) the minimal required p-cluster isolation. Together, these results imply a "paradox of connectivity": in some graphs, increasing connectivity can lead to inherently worse aggregation performance. We conclude by considering what seems to be a promising performance metric to circumvent our lower bounds for local aggregation algorithms. However, perhaps surprisingly, we show that no aggregation algorithm can perform well with respect to this metric, even in very well connected and very well isolated clusters.
Complications, Urinary Continence, and Oncologic Outcomes of Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy: Single-Surgeon Experience for the First 100 Cases

Objective. The aim of the present study was to evaluate initial learning curves of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) with regard to complications, urinary continence, and oncologic outcome. Materials and Methods. We retrospectively reviewed 100 consecutive patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. All 100 patients underwent LRP performed by the same urologist at one institution. Results: Mean operating time (208.4 ± 48.6 min), estimated blood loss (495.8 ± 436.5 mL), allogeneic blood transfusion rate (0%), and intraoperative complications diminished with surgical experience. Positive margin rate varied greatly among pathological stage (positive margin rates: pT2 = 20.5%; pT3 = 63.0%). A trend towards reduction of positive surgical margins in pT2 cases was apparent with increasing experience. Intraoperative and early complications occurred in 2.0% of patients. In all patients, 85.9% used none or no more than one pad per 24 h at 6 months postoperatively. Prostate-specific antigen recurrence was seen in only 2 patients. Conclusions. In the present series of 100 patients, our retrospective evaluation confirms that LRP provides satisfactory results.