Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Colorectal xanthomas with polypoid lesion: Report of 25 cases

Little attention has been paid to colorectal xanthoma. To clarify the clinical and pathological features of colorectal xanthoma, we report 28 colorectal xanthomas biopsied from 25 patients. All were composed of typical xanthoma cells and showed polypoid configuration. Median age of the patients was 64 years and there were 15 men and 10 women. Diabetes mellitus, constipation, and hyperlipidemia were found in two, one, and seven patients, respectively. Seventeen (60.7%) of the 28 polyps were located in the sigmoid colon and the remaining 11 in the rectum. Twenty‐three polyps (82.1%) were sessile. Twelve (60.0%) of twenty polyps that were recorded were reddish in color. Only two polyps revealed a yellowish tone. Microscopically, foamy cells were present in the lamina propria, but the submucosa did not contain foamy cells. Immunohistochemically, the foamy cells invariably expressed extensive positivity for CD68. The colonic glands showed a deformity in the case with moderate to intense density of the foamy cells. The surface epithelium showed a hyperplastic change in 22 (78.6%) xanthomas. The colonic glands in four xanthomas were also associated with hyperplastic changes. The basement membrane of the surface epithelium was often thickened. Cell debris and proliferation of the capillaries were observed just below the surface epithelium in 19 (67.9%) and 22 (78.6%) xanthomas, respectively. Previous mucosal minute injury was suggested as the pathogenesis of colorectal xanthomas. Colorectal xanthomas were not identical to gastric and esophageal xanthoma, endoscopically or microscopically. We prefer the term “xanthomatous polyp” rather than xanthoma in the colorectal region. They may be regarded as a novel type of colorectal non‐neoplastic polyp.
Special Educational Provision for Children with Language and Communication Difficulties: Does OFSTED Report?

This pilot study analysed OFSTED reports to identify characteristics of educational provision for children with language and communication difficulties and to explore features of inclusive education for these children. Visits were also made to three schools to interview staff about key features of the report that contributed to good provision. Themes from the reports and the interviews were compared with previously published criteria for effective provision. Many of the reports did not refer to these criteria and it is suggested that inspectors were largely unaware of the requirements of adequate support for children with language and communication difficulties.
Organization Task Environments: Have they Changed Fundamentally over Time?

Changes in three task environment dimensions—munificence, dynamism, and complexity—were assessed for manufacturing establishments in 45 established industries and 43 new industries. In analyses of both the established and new industries, all three environmental dimensions tended to decrease over time. Sample comparison, however, indicated that both dynamism and complexity tend to be greater in new industries than established ones. Although the latter finding is consistent with widespread perceptions that “the world” is getting more dynamic and complex over time, the former finding shows that this is not the tendency within individual task environments. Theoretical refinement is thus warranted.
Sensemaking and Identity

Based on the action research model of inquiry, this article is an interpretive ethnographic case study, exploring the power of narratives as a sensemaking device for members of a women's resource network in a large corporation during a time of significant organizational change, and the influence of storytelling on the networking practices of its members. Data are based on participant observation, formal and informal interviews, focus groups, and document analysis, including presentations, meeting notes, and e-mail correspondence. Drawing on the concepts of sensemaking, identity construction, and habitus, analysis of the members' stories suggests three key conclusions: reliance on collectively constructing stories; use of stories to deal with ambiguity and anxiety; and use of stories to construct and regulate identity. When viewed through a narrative lens, these results illuminate the interconnection of storytelling and networking strategies in a women's resource network that provides a hybrid of both expressive and instrumental benefits.
Short-term traffic flow forecasting with spatial-temporal correlation in a hybrid deep learning framework

Deep learning approaches have reached a celebrity status in artificial intelligence field, its success have mostly relied on Convolutional Networks (CNN) and Recurrent Networks. By exploiting fundamental spatial properties of images and videos, the CNN always achieves dominant performance on visual tasks. And the Recurrent Networks (RNN) especially long short-term memory methods (LSTM) can successfully characterize the temporal correlation, thus exhibits superior capability for time series tasks. Traffic flow data have plentiful characteristics on both time and space domain. However, applications of CNN and LSTM approaches on traffic flow are limited. In this paper, we propose a novel deep architecture combined CNN and LSTM to forecast future traffic flow (CLTFP). An 1-dimension CNN is exploited to capture spatial features of traffic flow, and two LSTMs are utilized to mine the short-term variability and periodicities of traffic flow. Given those meaningful features, the feature-level fusion is performed to achieve short-term forecasting. The proposed CLTFP is compared with other popular forecasting methods on an open datasets. Experimental results indicate that the CLTFP has considerable advantages in traffic flow forecasting. in additional, the proposed CLTFP is analyzed from the view of Granger Causality, and several interesting properties of CLTFP are discovered and discussed .
Statistics-Based Summarization - Step One: Sentence Compression

When humans produce summaries of documents, they do not simply extract sentences and concatenate them. Rather, they create new sentences that are grammatical, that cohere with one another, and that capture the most salient pieces of information in the original document. Given that large collections of text/abstract pairs are available online, it is now possible to envision algorithms that are trained to mimic this process. In this paper, we focus on sentence compression, a simpler version of this larger challenge. We aim to achieve two goals simultaneously:our compressions should be grammatical, and they should retain the most important pieces of information. These two goals can conflict. We devise both noisy-channel and decision-tree approaches to the problem, and we evaluate results against manual compressions and a simple baseline.
Translation of Patent Sentences with a Large Vocabulary of Technical Terms Using Neural Machine Translation

Neural machine translation (NMT), a new approach to machine translation, has achieved promising results comparable to those of traditional approaches such as statistical machine translation (SMT). Despite its recent success, NMT cannot handle a larger vocabulary because training complexity and decoding complexity proportionally increase with the number of target words. This problem becomes even more serious when translating patent documents, which contain many technical terms that are observed infrequently. In NMTs, words that are out of vocabulary are represented by a single unknown token. In this paper, we propose a method that enables NMT to translate patent sentences comprising a large vocabulary of technical terms. We train an NMT system on bilingual data wherein technical terms are replaced with technical term tokens; this allows it to translate most of the source sentences except technical terms. Further, we use it as a decoder to translate source sentences with technical term tokens and replace the tokens with technical term translations using SMT. We also use it to rerank the 1,000-best SMT translations on the basis of the average of the SMT score and that of the NMT rescoring of the translated sentences with technical term tokens. Our experiments on Japanese-Chinese patent sentences show that the proposed NMT system achieves a substantial improvement of up to 3.1 BLEU points and 2.3 RIBES points over traditional SMT systems and an improvement of approximately 0.6 BLEU points and 0.8 RIBES points over an equivalent NMT system without our proposed technique.
‘I want to come here to prove them wrong’: using a post-colonial feminist participatory action research (PFPAR) approach to studying sport, gender and development programmes for urban Indigenous young women

How do young urban Aboriginal women in Vancouver, British Columbia, understand their experiences of participating in a sport, gender and development (SGD) programme that aims to enhance their lives? In this paper, we consider this question through a post-colonial feminist participatory action research (PFPAR) study designed to examine the contradictions and challenges surrounding SGD programmes that target urban Aboriginal young women. To do this, we draw on empirical work that involved interviews and photovoice activities conducted with 11 Aboriginal young women who participated in the Vancouver Aboriginal Friendship Centre Society's (VAFCS') recreation programme. Our findings demonstrate how stereotyping, encountering racism and gender inequalities in day-to-day life – and in the programme – created challenging circumstances for these young women. Despite these obstacles, the young women used the programme as an opportunity to resist and challenge perceptions about their bodies, sporting abilities, lifestyles and Aboriginal stereotypes.
Differential expression of two cell surface proteins, neuropilin and plexin, in Xenopus olfactory axon subclasses

Immunohistochemistry by using monoclonal antibodies named A5 and B2, which specifically recognize cell surface proteins the neuropilin and the plexin, respectively, revealed that olfactory axons in Xenopus tadpoles were classified into several subgroups by virtue of the expression levels of these two cell surface molecules. The vomeronasal axons expressed the plexin but not the neuropilin. The plexin-positive and neuropilin-negative vomeronasal axons form a discrete fiber bundle, even after they joined with the principal olfactory axons. However, the principal olfactory axons were divided into at least two subclasses; the neuropilin-predominant axons which expressed high levels of the neuropilin and low levels of the plexin, and the plexin-predominant axons which expressed high levels of the plexin and low levels of the neuropilin. Within the olfactory nerve the pathways for these two principal olfactory axon subclasses were initially intermingled with each other, but were gradually segregated throughout their courses from the nose to the cerebrum. Eventually, the neuropilin-predominant and the plexin-predominant principal olfactory axon subclasses projected to specified glomeruli in topographically related regions within the main olfactory bulb. Neuroanatomical tracings of the olfactory projection also confirmed the gradual segregation of the pathways for the principal olfactory axons. These results allow us to speculate that both the neuropilin and the plexin are involved in axon interactions, and play roles in the organization of the precise patterns of the olfactory pathway and projection.
The politics of testing in South Africa

This article considers the politics of adoption of a testing regime in South Africa. While the broad features of this regime are similar to those in developed countries, there are features specific to the South African context. These emerge from a combination of external and internal pressures. External pressures derive from international testing results and target-setting regimes of international agencies. Internal pressures arise from the arrival of the ‘evaluative state’ and ‘quasi-market’ in schooling in South Africa, the abandonment of outcomes-based education which created the space for reintroduction of traditional forms of testing, public political pressure as well as teacher, teacher union and education NGO support for testing. To date the result has been the emergence of a hybrid system in which the purposes of standardized tests at primary levels are primarily informative and diagnostic, providing a rationale for teacher development and textual resource interventions. Information is considered as enhancing the public right to know rather than competition between schools. Multiple forms of assessment are retained and have not been displaced by standardized tests. The jury is out on whether the interventions introduced will have the desired results or not.
Freed from Illiteracy? A Closer Look at Venezuela’s Misión Robinson Literacy Campaign

We evaluate the success of the Venezuelan government’s latest nationwide literacy program, Misión Robinson, using official Venezuelan government survey data. Controlling for existing trends in literacy rates by age groups over the period 1975–2005, we find at most a small positive effect of Misión Robinson on literacy rates, and in many specifications the program's impact is statistically indistinguishable from zero. This main result is robust to time series analysis by birth cohort and to state‐level difference‐in‐differences estimation. The results appear to be inconsistent with recent official claims of the complete eradication of illiteracy in Venezuela, but they resonate with existing research on other adult literacy programs, which have usually been expensive failures.
Does HBOC-201 (Hemopure) Affect Platelet Function in Orthopedic Surgery: A Single-Site Analysis from a Multicenter Study

HBOC-201, Hemoglobin glutamer-250 (bovine), (Biopure Corp., Cambridge, MA) has been studied in an international, multicenter, pivotal Phase III trial. A subset analysis of use of blood products indicated that the HBOC-201 group required no more than the packed red blood cell (PRBC) group and was limited to less than 6% in both treatment groups. In a subset analysis from one site, platelet function using PFA-100 was assessed before and after transfusion, and compared those receiving HBOC-201 versus PRBC. After initial IRB approval, patient consent for the Phase III trial and blood draws for PFA-100, an additional IRB exemption for retrospective chart review was obtained. cEPI and cADP means were compared at seven time periods: true baseline(before starting surgery and anesthesia), before transfusion, after transfusion, 1 day, 2 days, 3 to 9 days and 21 or more days after transfusion. Twenty-seven (HBOC: n = 12, PRBC: n = 15) subjects were studied. Comparing data from before transfusion and baseline did not show statistically significant differences in any of cEPI or cADP measurements. cEPI means for the HBOC-201 group increased after transfusion compared to the true baseline (P = 0.01), before transfusion (P = 0.0004) and day 1 after transfusion (P = 0.002). cADP means for the HBOC-201 group were greater after transfusion compared to the true baseline (P = 0.05) and before transfusion (P = 0.005). In the PRBC group there were no significant difference in cEPI and cADP means between all of the time periods. Our study shows that HBOC-201 causes mild platelet dysfunction. Although there were significant changes after HBOC infusion and cEPI and cADP mean values were above the upper normal limit, they did not reach the non-closure time. Further controlled studies are needed to establish definitively the effects that HBOC-201 has on platelet function in patients.
Resistances to Feminist Analysis.

colleges to feminist analysis in terms of the students' life experiences. Real changes resulting from Title IX, the possibility that the relative status of males and females in college is more equal than any other point in their lives, and the attempt to portray a nonsexist world in textbooks all help to produce an understanding of the world that is incongruent with the analysis of structural inequality that feminist sociologists present. Rather than dismissing students 'perceptions as naive it is important to apply afeminist methodology to their experiences. Some suggestions are made for doing so.
Treating unawareness after stroke 1 Running Head : MANAGING UNAWARENESS AFTER STROKE

How should stroke patients with poor motor awareness be managed? This question is important because unawareness (or anosognosia) is related to poor rehabilitation and prognosis. This narrative review provides a guide for clinicians and (applied) academics to understanding, assessing and managing anosognosia. Questions addressed are: What is anosognosia? What causes anosognosia? How can anosognosia be assessed? And how can anosognosia be managed? We suggest that anosognosia is a multifaceted disorder, with diverse neuroanatomical and psychopathological origins. Assessment should measure various aspects of awareness, and management should be multidimensional to address problems with motor function, awareness, and emotional / motivational disturbance. Treating unawareness after stroke 3 Unawareness after stroke: A review and practical guide to understanding, assessing, and managing anosognosia for hemiplegia.
The adaptive value of personality differences revealed by small island population dynamics

Whether differences in personality among populations really exist and, if so, whether they are only due to cultural and linguistic differences or have a genetically selected adaptive value, is a controversial issue. In this research, we compared three Italian populations living on three small archipelagos in the Tyrrhenian Sea (n = 993), with their corresponding neighbouring mainlanders (n = 598), i.e. sharing the same geographical origin, culture and language. We used an adjective‐based Big Five questionnaire in order to measure personality traits in four categories of individuals for each archipelago/mainland population: (1) original islanders; (2) non‐original islanders; (3) mainlanders and (4) immigrants to the islands. We further analysed original and non‐original islanders who had or had not emigrated from the islands. We found that islanders had different personality traits from mainlanders, the former being more conscientious and emotionally stable and less extraverted and open to experience. We also found that the subgroup of islanders whose ancestors had inhabited their island for about 20 generations in isolation (original islanders, n = 624) were less extraverted and open to experience than immigrants (n = 193). In contrast, immigrants retained the typical personality profile of the mainland populations. Lastly, emigrants from the islands (n = 209) were significantly more extraverted and open to experience than original and non‐original islanders who had never left their island (n = 741). We hypothesise that population differences in extraversion and openness to experience are more probably related to genetic differences which evolved rapidly, presumably through an active gene flow produced by selective emigration from the islands. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct electrochemical oxidation of S-captopril using gold electrodes modified with graphene-AuAg nanocomposites

In this paper, we present a novel approach for the electrochemical detection of S-captopril based on graphene AuAg nanostructures used to modify an Au electrode. Multi-layer graphene (Gr) sheets decorated with embedded bimetallic AuAg nanoparticles were successfully synthesized catalytically with methane as the carbon source. The two catalytic systems contained 1.0 wt% Ag and 1.0 wt% Au, while the second had a larger concentration of metals (1.5 wt% Ag and 1.5 wt% Au) and was used for the synthesis of the Gr-AuAg-1 and Gr-AuAg-1.5 multicomponent samples. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis indicated the presence of graphene flakes that had regular shapes (square or rectangular) and dimensions in the tens to hundreds of nanometers. We found that the size of the embedded AuAg nanoparticles varied between 5 and 100 nm, with the majority being smaller than 20 nm. Advanced scanning transmission electron microscopy studies indicated a bimetallic characteristic of the metallic clusters. The resulting Gr-AuAg-1 and Gr-AuAg-1.5 samples were used to modify the surface of commonly used Au substrates and subsequently employed for the direct electrochemical oxidation of S-captopril. By comparing the differential pulse voltammograms recorded with the two modified electrodes at various concentrations of captopril, the peak current was determined to be well-defined, even at relatively low concentration (10−5 M), for the Au/Gr-AuAg-1.5 electrode. In contrast, the signals recorded with the Au/Gr-AuAg-1 electrode were poorly defined within a 5×10−6 to 5×10−3 M concentration range, and many of them overlapped with the background. Such composite materials could find significant applications in nanotechnology, sensing, or nanomedicine.
Tracking uncertainties in the causal chain from human activities to climate

Attribution of climate change to individual countries is a part of ongoing policy discussions, e.g., the Brazil proposal, and requires a quantifiable link between emissions and climate change. We present a constrained propagation of errors that tracks uncertainties from human activities to greenhouse gas emissions, to increasing abundances of greenhouse gases, to radiative forcing of climate, and finally to climate change, thus following the causal chain for greenhouse gases emitted by developed nations since national reporting began in 1990. Errors combine uncertainties in the forward modeling at each step with top‐down constraints on the observed changes in greenhouse gases and temperatures. Global surface temperature increased by +0.11 °C in 2003 due to the developed nations' emissions of Kyoto greenhouse gases from 1990 to 2002. The uncertainty range, +0.08 °C to +0.14 °C (68% confidence), is large considering that the developed countries emissions are well known for this period and climate system modeling uncertainties are constrained by observations.
Employees' Adoption of Enterprise Web 2.0: The Role of Technological Attributes

Although the adoption of Enterprise Web 2.0 within organisations is beneficial, it could meet with employees’ resistance and the adoption process can be lengthy. The successful implementation of Enterprise Web 2.0 is based on employee involvement and adoption of such social technology. This paper is part of a larger research project that explored the adoption of Web 2.0 by individuals within enterprises. Using a qualitative study, the findings show that there are number of adoption influences including technological, individual and contextual issues. This paper presents Web 2.0 technological attributes that influence its adoption. The found attributes are: friendliness, reliability, mobility, technical compatibility, discoverability, transparency and Web 2.0 type.