Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Heath Care Workers Regarding Transmission and Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection, White Nile State, Sudan, 2013

Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is a serious blood borne disease. The objective was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of heath care workers regarding transmission and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection. Method: A cross‐sectional, hospital- based study carried out in White Nile State, Sudan. Three hundred eighty five health care workers were selected randomly from thirteen hospitals. Structured questionnaire was used for the interview. Knowledge was tested by 16 variables related to mode of transmission and prevention. Cronbach’s Alpha of 16 variables was 0.8. Quartile range was used to identify cutoff points for knowledge levels. Knowledge levels were determined as adequate, moderate and poor. Chi-Square test was used to test the knowledge against workers` characteristics. Result: Education of the workers was significantly associated with knowledge of health care workers about HBV transmission and prevention. Age, sex and marital status were not associated with the level of knowledge. Laboratory technicians and labors have poor knowledge compared to doctors, pharmacist, nurses, midwives and theater operators. More than 80% of health care workers were aware about the availability of protective measures in hospitals. They were significantly practicing sterilizing instruments, wearing gloves and screened the donated blood. The attitude of health care workers after suspicious of being infected had shown that 220 do nothing, 99 consider cautery and 57 believe in voluntary testing. Conclusion: Educated health care workers have adequate knowledge about HBV transmission and prevention and labors were having poor knowledge. Health care workers that aware of available protective measures were sterilizing instruments, wearing gloves and screening the donated blood. The majority of HCWs do nothing after suspicious of HBV infection. Health awareness about hepatitis B virus is needed to target labors, laboratory technicians and other para-medical staff.
Remedial Writing Courses: A Critique and a Proposal.

Many of our attempts to help college remedialI writers, attempts that are often well-intentioned and seemingly commonsensical, may, in fact, be ineffective, even counterproductive, for these attempts reduce, fragment, and possibly misrepresent the composing process. I believe we may be limiting growth in writing in five not unrelated ways. 1) Our remedial courses are self-contained; that is, they have little conceptual or practical connection to the larger academic writing environment in which our students find themselves. 2) The writing topics assigned in these courses-while meant to be personally relevant and motivating and, in their simplicity, to assist in the removal of error-in fact might not motivate and might not contribute to the production of a correct academic prose. 3) The writing teacher's vigilance for error most likely conveys to students a very restricted model of the composing process. 4) Our notion of "basic skills" has become so narrow that we attempt to separate the intimately related processes of reading and thinking from writing. 5) In some of our attempts to reform staid curricula we have inadvertently undercut the expressive and exploratory possibilities of academic writing and have perceived fundamental discourse strategies and structures as restricting rather than enhancing the production and comprehension of prose. At various places in my speculations I will offer potential solutions to the
The AlphaServer 8000 Series: High-end Server Platform Development

The AlphaServer 8400 and the AlphaServer 8200 are Digital's newest high-end server products. Both servers are based on the 300-MHz Alpha 21164 microprocessor and on the AlphaServer 8000-series platform architecture. The AlphaServer 8000 platform development team set aggressive system data bandwidth and memory read latency targets in order to achieve high-performance goals. The low-latency criterion was factored into design decisions made at each of the seven layers of platform development. The combination of industry-leading microprocessor technology and a system platform focused on low latency has resulted in a 12-processor server implementation--the AlphaServer 8400--capable of supercomputer levels of performance.
Climate, vegetation, introduced hosts and trade shape a global wildlife pandemic

Global factors, such as climate change, international trade and introductions of exotic species are often elicited as contributors to the unprecedented rate of disease emergence, but few studies have partitioned these factors for global pandemics. Although contemporary correlative species distribution models (SDMs) can be useful for predicting the spatial patterns of emerging diseases, they focus mainly on the fundamental niche (FN) predictors (i.e. abiotic climate and habitat factors), neglecting dispersal and propagule pressure predictors (PP, number of non-native individuals released into a region). Using a validated, predictive and global SDM, we show that both FN and PP accounted for significant, unique variation to the distribution of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), a pathogen implicated in the declines and extinctions of over 200 amphibian species worldwide. Bd was associated positively with vegetation, total trade and introduced amphibian hosts, nonlinearly with annual temperature range and non-significantly with amphibian leg trade or amphibian species richness. These findings provide a rare example where both FN and PP factors are predictive of a global pandemic. Our model should help guide management of this deadly pathogen and the development of other globally predictive models for species invasions and pathogen emergence influenced by FN and PP factors.
Antioxidant measurements

Chemical reactions, including oxidation and reduction of molecules, occur in every cell. These reactions can lead to the production of free radicals. Free radicals react with organic substrates such as lipids, proteins, and DNA. Through oxidation free radicals cause damage to these molecules, disturbing their normal function, and may therefore contribute to a variety of diseases. The anti-oxidation system, which consists of enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic antioxidants, defends against oxidative stress. The aim of this review is to summarize general aspects of methods to measure the antioxidant defence system all in one (total antioxidant capacity) and discuss a number of methods which are currently used for detection of antioxidant properties.
Distinct P 2 Y Receptor Subtypes Regulate Calcium Signaling in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

PURPOSE. Nucleotide signaling plays a role in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) function, and receptors for nucleotides are potential therapeutic targets for various ocular diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of P2Y receptor subtypes in native and cultured human RPE cells. METHODS. Intracellular Ca levels were monitored using realtime fluorescence imaging in cultured human RPE cells loaded with Fura-2. Expression of P2Y receptors in native and cultured RPE cells was determined by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis.
Momentum Strategies: Evidence from the Pacific Basin Stock Markets

In this paper, we investigate the profitability of momentum investment strategy in six Asian stock markets. Unrestricted momentum investment strategies do not yield significant momentum profits. Although we find that a diversified country-neutral strategy generates small but statistically significant returns in the 1981-1994 period, additional analyses show that the country-neutral profits dissipate when we control for size and turnover effects. The evidence suggests that the factors that contribute to the momentum phenomenon in the U.S. are not pervasive in the Asian markets.
The Role of Religiousness on Substance-Use Disorder Treatment Outcomes: A Comparison of Black and White Adolescents

This study compares 41 Black and 124 White adolescents at intake and discharge from a residential treatment program for substance-use disorders. Study data were obtained as part of a larger study (N = 195) that sought to assess the relationship of helping behavior and addiction recovery. This post-hoc analysis aims to identify cultural strengths that may be associated with recovery from substance-use disorders among Black adolescents. Using regression analyses and controlling for the severity of substance use and background variables that distinguish racial groups, religious practices and behaviors at intake were examined. Specifically, Black youth and White youth were compared on treatment outcomes, including alcohol or drug use during treatment, drug craving, 12-Step work, and 12-Step helping. The burden of health and socioeconomic disparities at intake did not disproportionately disfavor Black adolescents. Outcomes related to 12-Step measures were similar between Black and White youth. White adolescents reported higher craving scores at discharge, and Black adolescents were more likely to use drugs during treatment. High levels of religiousness at treatment intake were linked to greater 12-Step work and greater 12-Step helping at discharge. High levels of religiousness at intake were not related to drug use during treatment or to craving scores at discharge. The relationship between intake levels of religiousness and treatment-related outcomes did not differ by race.
Patient beliefs predict response to paroxetine among primary care patients with dysthymia and minor depression.

BACKGROUND Dysthymia and minor depression are common problems in primary care, but it is not known how patient health beliefs shape response to antidepressant treatment of these less severe forms of depression. METHODS Three hundred thirty-three primary care patients with dysthymia or minor depression received at least 4 weeks of paroxetine or placebo in a multicenter, randomized controlled 11-week trial. Patient health beliefs and other characteristics were examined as predictors of treatment adherence and depression remission. RESULTS Patient beliefs were not predictive of adherence to paroxetine or placebo. Patients with less endorsement of biological beliefs about their condition (odds ratio [OR] = 3.40), higher perceived general health (OR = 3.38), meeting criteria for dysthymia (OR = 2.37), and age younger than 60 years (OR = 2.68) were more likely to achieve remission on paroxetine. Patient beliefs did not predict remission on placebo. Those with lower severity of depression symptoms at baseline (OR = 2.70) and women (OR = 2.18) were most likely to achieve remission on placebo. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that patients with dysthymia or minor depression are more likely to respond to antidepressant medication if they do not see their depression as a biological illness and see themselves as generally healthy. It is clearly not necessary for patients to believe that their dysthymia or minor depression is biological to respond to antidepressant medication.
Perceived clutter in advanced cockpit displays: measurement and modeling with experienced pilots.

INTRODUCTION Synthetic and enhanced vision systems (SVS and EVS) are being introduced into the cockpit to promote safety under workload conditions. Integration of existing iconic imagery with SVS and EVS displays may lead to perceptions of clutter. This research evaluated head-up display (HUD) features, including SVS, EVS, traffic collision avoidance system symbology, flight pathway (TUNNEL) guidance, and different primary flight display symbol sets, on pilot perceptions of clutter. A perceptual decomposition of the construct of clutter was also conducted. METHOD During a simulated landing, 4 expert pilots viewed images of 16 HUD configurations. Pilots rated clutter for each image and the utility of pairs of terms for describing clutter. RESULTS Results revealed all HUD features and two-way interactions to be significant in perceived clutter. Ratings increased with additional features. The presence of EVS, TUNNEL, and an expanded symbol set contributed the most. Regression models were developed to predict the likelihood of clutter ratings based on pilot perceptions of display characteristics. Pairs of terms found to have the greatest use for describing clutter included "redundant/orthogonal," "monochromatic/colorful," "salient/not salient," "safe/unsafe," and "dense/sparse" (in that order). A factor analysis revealed underlying display qualities explaining approximately 78% of variability in perceived clutter, including global density, feature similarity, feature clarity, and the dynamic nature of displays. These qualities corresponded with the display descriptor terms plus the terms "static/dynamic. " DISCUSSION The study provided information on the relationship of display features and pilot perceptions of clutter. We identified terminology pilots use to describe clutter and latent display variables that drive perceived clutter.
Persepsi Mahasiswa Akuntansi dan Akuntan Pendidik terhadap Kompetensi yang Dibutuhkan Lulusan Akuntansi

This study investigates what competencies accounting students and accounting academics perceive have been developed during an undergraduate course, and compare this to competencies that they believe need for career success. The questionnaire in this study is a questionnaire that has been used previously by Kavanagh (2008), which was adapted from Albrecht and Sack (2000). The questionnaire used was tested validity and reliability. The method of analysis used is paired sample t-test. The results showed that there is a large discrepancy between the two.
Exploration and Visualization in the Web of Big Linked Data: A Survey of the State of the Art

Data exploration and visualization systems are of great importance in the Big Data era. Exploring and visualizing very large datasets has become a major research challenge, of which scalability is a vital requirement. In this survey, we describe the major prerequisites and challenges that should be addressed by the modern exploration and visualization systems. Considering these challenges, we present how state-of-the-art approaches from the Database and Information Visualization communities attempt to handle them. Finally, we survey the systems developed by Semantic Web community in the context of the Web of Linked Data, and discuss to which extent these satisfy the contemporary requirements.
Ethics of teaching critical

Identifies critical accounting researchers′ apparent indifference to the transformatory needs, wants and entitlements of accounting students. After expressing a lack of understanding about this phenomenon, reconstructs a variety of responses from researchers, as well as possible subtexts, to tease out a feminist ethical perspective. Believes this perspective to be useful in exposing some of the silences, inconsistencies and contradictions that need to be addressed in accounting education and research. Offers an explanation for accounting researchers′ reticence in transferring their critical research skills to their teaching – the superficial adoption of the tenets of critical practice, which in turn reproduces phallocratic models of moral philosophy. Students are seen as “generalized others”, and “an ethic of care” necessarily regarding students as fully sensate human beings as “concrete others” is silenced. Concludes that this is consistent with the silencing of emotion exposed by feminist theorists, and.
Sputtered tellurite glass thin films for planar optical devices

Tellurium oxide is a promising optical material, conjugating transparency in the infrared with high refractive index, low chromatic dispersion with strong nonlinear response, elevated acousto-optic figure of merit and rare earth doping capability. Reactive sputtering is a suitable technique to obtain thin films of pure TeO2 glass, with tunable stoichiometry, without the need for added components to help vitrification. We report on the growth of tellurite thin films, on the linear and non-linear optical characterization and on the process technology to implement high-contrast planar optics.
Therapieakzeptanz und Therapiebeziehung in der frühen Phase der Verhaltenstherapie bei Negativsymptomatik der Schizophrenie

Zusammenfassung Gegenstand und Ziel: Die Studie überprüfte die Durchführbarkeit und Akzeptanz einer ambulanten kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie bei Negativsymptomatik der Schizophrenie. Ein zusätzlicher Fokus lag auf der Analyse der therapeutischen Beziehung (TB) und deren Vorhersage aus klinisch- psychopathologischen Merkmalen. Material und Methoden: 49 Patienten mit Schizophrenie wurden randomisiert entweder einer kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie (KVT; Experimentalgruppe) oder einer kognitiven Remediation (KR; Kontrollgruppe) zugewiesen. Die Sitzungen wurden anhand von Stundenprotokollen und Patienten- bzw. Therapeutenstundenbögen dokumentiert. Analysiert wurde die frühe Therapiephase. Ergebnisse: Die Stundenprotokolle zeigten, dass die Therapeuten die KVT manualgetreu durchführen konnten. Die Analysen der Stundenbögen erbrachten, dass die Patienten die TB in der KVT als positiv und besser als in der KR beurteilten. Patienten- und Therapeuteneinschätzungen der TB zeigten keine Korrelation. Eine mildere Positivsymptomatik war mit einer besseren Beurteilung der TB durch den Patienten assoziiert. Eine stärkere Negativsymptomatik prädizierte eine ungünstigere Beurteilung der TB durch den Therapeuten. Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Relevanz: Die Studie ist ein erster Indikator für die Durchführbarkeit und Akzeptanz der KVT bei Negativsymptomatik. Positiv- und Negativsymptomatik bergen Implikationen für die Entwicklung der TB.
Time course of deficits in open field behavior after unilateral neostriatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesions

In this study, the degree and time course of deficits in open field behavior was analyzed in male Wistar rats (aged 1 year) which had received unilateral neostriatal lesions with 6-OHDA. The post-mortem neurochemical analysis showed that dopamine was partly depleted in the lateral (to 45%), and in the medial neostriatum (65%). In spontaneous (i.e. undrugged) open field behavior, lesion-dependent asymmetries were observed in turning and scanning. The time courses of asymmetry differed between the two measures, since pronounced ipsiversive asymmetries in turning were observed within the first days after lesion placement and persisted throughout the postoperative testing period of 30 days, whereas the ipsilateral asymmetry in scanning appeared during the first week and remained stable thereafter. Systemic treatment with the dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine reversed the asymmetry in turning, indicating supersensitivity of postsynaptic neostriatal dopamine receptors. Furthermore, an enhanced grooming response to apomorphine was measured; however, only in those animals with the more severe 6-OHDA lesions. These findings are discussed in comparison to those obtained with 6-OHDA lesions placed at the level of dopamine cell bodies or fibers, the role of neostriatal dopamine depletion, and the possible relationships with progressive neurodegeneration.
Postoperative Outcome of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy-Related Lobar Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Case Series and Systematic Review

BACKGROUND Despite its accessible superficial location, the indication for surgical evacuation in cases of lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (LICH) suspected to be related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is controversial because of advanced patient age and concerns about postoperative hemostasis. OBJECTIVE To examine factors associated with postoperative outcome in CAA-related LICH. METHODS Review of consecutive patients with pathologically proven CAA who underwent LICH evacuation at Saint Marys Hospital, Rochester, Minnesota, between 1987 and 2006. End points were length of stay and postoperative outcome at discharge and last follow-up using the Glasgow Outcome Scale. We also performed a systematic review of all published studies evaluating the outcome of surgically treated CCA-related LICH published between 1984 and 2010. RESULTS We identified 23 patients with CAA-related LICH treated surgically. Favorable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale >3) at discharge was noted in 5 patients (22%), and at 6- to 12-month follow-up (n = 15) in 7 patients (47%). Three (13%) died in the hospital, including 1 of 4 patients with postoperative hemorrhage. Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) was associated with poor outcome at discharge. Older age (≥75 years), history of hypertension, and degree of preoperative midline shift were associated with more prolonged length of stay. In our systematic review, we identified 14 studies including 278 cases. Overall mortality rate was 25%, and poor postoperative outcome was associated with older age, IVH, and preoperative dementia. CONCLUSION Neurosurgical evacuation may be performed with acceptable safety in patients with CAA-related LICH. A systematic literature review indicates that older age, preexistent dementia, and presurgical IVH portend poor postoperative outcome.
Tetrameric Orai1 Is a Teardrop-shaped Molecule with a Long, Tapered Cytoplasmic Domain*

The Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel is a principal regulator of intracellular Ca2+ rise, which conducts various biological functions, including immune responses. This channel, involved in store-operated Ca2+ influx, is believed to be composed of at least two major components. Orai1 has a putative channel pore and locates in the plasma membrane, and STIM1 is a sensor for luminal Ca2+ store depletion in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Here we have purified the FLAG-fused Orai1 protein, determined its tetrameric stoichiometry, and reconstructed its three-dimensional structure at 21-Å resolution from 3681 automatically selected particle images, taken with an electron microscope. This first structural depiction of a member of the Orai family shows an elongated teardrop-shape 150Å in height and 95Å in width. Antibody decoration and volume estimation from the amino acid sequence indicate that the widest transmembrane domain is located between the round extracellular domain and the tapered cytoplasmic domain. The cytoplasmic length of 100Å is sufficient for direct association with STIM1. Orifices close to the extracellular and intracellular membrane surfaces of Orai1 seem to connect outside the molecule to large internal cavities.
Diagnostic utility of calretinin immunohistochemistry in cytologic cell block preparations

Calretinin (CR) is a valuable marker in the immunohistochemical distinction between malignant mesothelioma (MM) and adenocarcinoma (ACA) in tissue sections. However, there is limited and conflicting data regarding the utility of CR in this differential diagnosis on cytologic material, especially cell block preparations. Also, the possible role of CR in the distinction of papillary serous borderline tumor (SBT) cells from reactive mesothelial cells in peritoneal washings has not been examined.