Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is maternal nutrition knowledge more strongly associated with the diets of mothers or their school-aged children?

Abstract Objective Maternal nutrition knowledge has frequently been identified as an important target for nutrition promotion interventions. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether maternal nutrition knowledge is more strongly associated with the mother's own diet or that of her child. Design Cross-sectional multivariate linear regression with interactions analyses of survey data. Setting Socio-economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Victoria, Australia. Subjects Five hundred and twenty-three mothers and their children who participated in the Resilience for Eating and Physical Activity Despite Inequality (READI) study, a cross-sectional survey study conducted in 2009 among women and their children residing in socio-economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Results In adjusted models, for three (vegetable, chocolate/lollies and soft drink consumption) out of the seven dietary outcomes assessed, there was a significant association between maternal nutrition knowledge and maternal diet, whereas for the children's diets none of the seven outcomes were associated with maternal nutrition knowledge. Statistical comparison of regression coefficients showed no difference between the maternal nutrition knowledge–maternal diet association and the maternal nutrition knowledge–child diet association. Conclusions Promoting maternal nutrition knowledge may represent an important avenue for improving diet in mothers from socio-economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods, but more information is needed on how and when this knowledge is translated to benefits for their children's diet.
Versatile Catalytic Hydrogenation Using A Simple Tin(IV) Lewis Acid

Abstract Despite the rapid development of frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry over the last ten years, its application in catalytic hydrogenations remains dependent on a narrow family of structurally similar early main‐group Lewis acids (LAs), inevitably placing limitations on reactivity, sensitivity and substrate scope. Herein we describe the FLP‐mediated H2 activation and catalytic hydrogenation activity of the alternative LA iPr3SnOTf, which acts as a surrogate for the trialkylstannylium ion iPr3Sn+, and is rapidly and easily prepared from simple, inexpensive starting materials. This highly thermally robust LA is found to be competent in the hydrogenation of a number of different unsaturated functional groups (which is unique to date for main‐group FLP LAs not based on boron), and also displays a remarkable tolerance to moisture.
An ecological study on the geographic patterns of ischaemic heart disease in Portugal and its association with demography, economic factors and health resources distribution

Objectives Being one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries, ischaemic heart disease's (IHD) incidence and mortality present clear differences between and within countries. Several authors already proposed possible explanations based on the demography, environmental factors, diet and level of urbanisation. This study reflects the Portuguese reality concerning IHD, by analysing the geographical distribution of hospital admissions and mortality due to this condition, in Portugal, and its association with demography, economical factors and the distribution of healthcare resources at the regional level. Design Ecological study. Setting Data from all Portuguese Public Hospitals were obtained using the National Registry of Hospital Admissions, between 2000 and 2007, and data on demography, economical factors and health resources distribution were obtained from the National Institute of Statistics. Participants Aggregated statistics on hospital admissions and mortality were computed for 278 counties based on almost 200 000 admissions. Primary and secondary outcome measures Mortality rate; hospital admissions rate. Results The geographical distribution of non-adjusted mortality and hospital admission showed an inner/coastal pattern but no North/South gradient was clear. Counties with higher economical development had significantly higher mortality and admission rates. However, healthcare resources distribution was not significantly associated with IHD hospital admission and mortality. When adjusted for age, gender, economic development and health resources distribution, there was still unexplained geographical variation both in hospital admissions and mortality rates. Conclusion A pattern in the geographic distribution of incidence and mortality of IHD was clear even after the adjustment for age and gender. Economical variables were the ones presenting the strongest association. These types of analysis may be very helpful for the definition of health policies, in particular to identify priority regions for disease prevention and guidelines for healthcare resources distribution.
Identity in Adolescents Born From Genocidal Rape

ABSTRACT This research was inspired by an observation that some adolescents born from genocidal rapes became identity achievers, despite the fact that they did not benefit from significant support from family and community members. This article investigates factors orienting such adolescents toward a mature, foreclosed, or a diffused status. As existing research did not sufficiently explore identity formation in such atypical circumstances, a new analysis model is proposed. Field investigations were conducted in the form of an in-depth case study involving 20 adolescents born from genocidal rape. Key findings show that identity assumed through identity formation processes emerges as a negotiated outcome of the confrontation of subjective and attributed identities. Four scenarios emerging from this confrontation are explored and illustrated.
Consumer Perception of Organic Milk

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.iii TABLE OF CONTENTS.iv LIST OF FIGURES.v INTRODUCTION.1 LITERATURE REVIEW Consumer Beliefs about Organic Milk vs. Reality.3 Growth of Organics.10 Differences in Packaging.12 rBST Free Labeling in Conventional Milk.14 Public Education.16 Recommendations for Further Public Education.22 MATERIALS AND METHODS.25 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.27 CONCLUSIONS.34 REFERENCES.38 APPENDIX.42
Structuring, Pricing and Hedging Double-Barrier Step Options

of time the underlying asset price spends outside of a pre-specified price range (occupation time). Proportional and simple double-barrier step options are gradual knockout options with the principal amortized based on the occupation time outside of the range. Delayed double-barrier options are extinguished when the occupation time outside of the range exceeds a prespecified knock-out window (delayed knockout). These contract designs are proposed as alternatives to the currently traded double-barrier options. They alleviate discrete “barrier event” risk and are easier to hedge.
Capturing a College Education ’ s Impact on Industry Wages Across Time : An Analysis of Academic Factors that Affect Earnings

Low 2 Acknowledgements First, I would like to thank my advisor, Professor Peter Arcidiacono. Not only has been tremendously helpful this past year with my thesis, he has also been a great mentor, counselor, and teacher for the past 4 years here at Duke University. His guidance throughout this process was an integral part of my enthusiasm for writing this thesis. In addition, I would like to thank Professor Kent Kimbrough and the rest of the Econ 198S/199S class for providing insightful commentary and assistance throughout the year. They truly made my thesis an engaging and exhilarating experience. Abstract Studying how a college education can impact one's wages has always been an area of interest amongst labor and education economists. While previous studies have stressed using single academic factors (i.e. college major choice, performance, or college prestige) to determine the effect on wages, there has not been a focus on predicting wages given industries and a combination of these academic factors across time. Therefore, the crux of my thesis seeks to provide a new model which incorporates college major choice, GPA, industry selection across time, college type (private or public), natural ability (standardized test scores), and several demographic variables in order to predict percent increase/decrease in wages. My results show that college major choice, academic performance, natural ability, and industry selection (together) do have a significant impact on earnings, and they are appropriate measures to predict post-graduation wages.
Reflective Assessment, Feedback and Academic Achievement in High School Mathematics

Reflective Assessment, Feedback and Academic Achievement in High School Mathematics by Nalline Baliram Chairperson of Dissertation Committee: Arthur K. Ellis School of Education The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of metacognitive strategies and content-specific feedback on student achievement in high school mathematics. Participants in the study consisted of a convenience sample of honors geometry students in grades 9 and 10 in a private high school located in Daytona Beach, Florida. Beyond answering the specific research questions raised in the study, an additional aim was to contribute to the growing body of knowledge pertaining to effective ways to use metacognitive instruction and provide effective content-specific feedback to improve student achievement and learning. A quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control-group design with repeatedmeasures was employed in the study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed to address the research questions. Specifically, an ANOVA with repeated measures, two-tailed test, was performed. For this purpose, a single within-subject factor, termed Assessment, was defined. Three levels were allocated to this factor, Pretest, Post-test and Retention Test. Group was defined as a between-subjects factor and the two levels allocated to this factor were Comparison and Experimental. Tests of statistical significance were analyzed at the . 05 level. There was a statistically significant main effect of the variable Group (F(1, 73) = 7.27, p = . 009, p 2 = . 091). Students in the experimental group outperformed the students in the comparison group. According to the effect size estimate, about 9% of variance in the Testing variable was attributable to the Group variable. Specifically, there was a statistically significant difference in the post-test (p = .02, Cohen’s d = .57). This effect size calculated using Cohen’s d formula is considered medium in magnitude (Cohen, 1988, 1992). There was statistically significant time effect (F(1, 73) = 1185, p = . 000, p 2 = . 942). The retention test scores were lower than the post-test scores, however, students in the experimental group significantly outperformed the students in the comparison group in the retention test scores (p = .00, Cohen’s d = .69). The findings of this study offer a modest contribution to the body of empirical research on the impact of metacognitive practice and content-specific feedback on academic achievement at the high school level. Further studies are warranted to add to the body of literature and more specifically to provide great clarity regarding the magnitude of the current investigation.
Encrypted? Randomised? Compromised? (When Cryptographically Secured Data is Not Secure)

Protecting data is not simply a case of encrypt and forget: even data with full cryptographic confidentiality and integrity protection can still be subject to information leakage. We consider the issue of information leakage through side channels in protocols. Previous work by Bond and Clulow identified multiple vulnerabilities in APIs for financial PIN processing systems, and suggested remedies; however our work here shows that the fixes do not work, and that the problem of information leakage in these APIs has still not been adequately addressed. We argue that information flow and leakage analysis will play an important role in the security of encrypted databases in the future.
Different Types of PWM Techniques analysis for Z-Source Inverter

This paper presents a recent popular power inverter which is impedance source or Z-source inverter (ZSI) and the comparison and analysis of two conventional PWM techniques of Z-source inverter. Due to the impedance network it couples inverter main circuit to the power source thus providing special features that can overcome the limitations of traditional voltage source inverter (VSI) and current source inverter(CSI). In this paper we discussed and analyzed about the different conventional PWM techniques like Simple Boost Control, Maximum Boost Control, Maximum Boost Control with third harmonic injection, Maximum Boost Control with triplen injection where it is observed that the Maximum Boost Control with triplen injection is much better than other techniques in respect of load current ripple, inductor current ripple and capacitor voltage ripple for different modulation index and same switching frequency.
An Empirical Examination of Individual Traits as Antecedents to Computer Anxiety and Computer Self-Efficacy

To better understand how individual differences influence the use of information technology (IT), this study models and tests relationships among dynamic, IT-specific individual differences (i.e., computer self-efficacy and computer anxiety), stable, situation-specific traits (i.e., personal innovativeness in IT) and stable, broad traits (i.e., trait anxiety and negative affectivity). When compared to broad traits, the model suggests that situation-specific traits exert a more pervasive influence on IT situation-specific individual differences. Further, the model suggests that computer anxiety mediates the influence of situation-specific traits (i.e., personal innovativeness) on computer self-efficacy. Results provide support for many of the hypothesized relationships. From a theoretical perspective, the findings help to further our understanding of the nomological network among individual differences that lead to computer self-efficacy. From a practical perspective, the findings may help IT managers design training programs that more effectively increase the computer self-efficacy of users with different dispositional characteristics.
Mate choice for neutral and MHC genetic characteristics in Alpine marmots: different targets in different contexts?

Abstract Sexual selection through female mate choice for genetic characteristics has been suggested to be an important evolutionary force maintaining genetic variation in animal populations. However, the genetic targets of female mate choice are not clearly identified and whether female mate choice is based on neutral genetic characteristics or on particular functional loci remains an open question. Here, we investigated the genetic targets of female mate choice in Alpine marmots (Marmota marmota), a socially monogamous mammal where extra‐pair paternity (EPP) occurs. We used 16 microsatellites to describe neutral genetic characteristics and two MHC loci belonging to MHC class I and II as functional genetic characteristics. Our results reveal that (1) neutral and MHC genetic characteristics convey different information in this species, (2) social pairs show a higher MHC class II dissimilarity than expected under random mate choice, and (3) the occurrence of EPP increases when social pairs present a high neutral genetic similarity or dissimilarity but also when they present low MHC class II dissimilarity. Thus, female mate choice is based on both neutral and MHC genetic characteristics, and the genetic characteristics targeted seem to be context dependent (i.e., the genes involved in social mate choice and genetic mate choice differ). We emphasize the need for empirical studies of mate choice in the wild using both neutral and MHC genetic characteristics because whether neutral and functional genetic characteristics convey similar information is not universal.
Segmental targets versus lexical interference: Production of second-language targets on first exposure and the result of minimal training

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Evaluating an Artifact in Design Science Research

In this paper, we describe the iterative evaluation of an artifact developed through the application of Design Science Research (DSR) methodology in a resource constrained environment. In the DSR process the aspect of evaluation is often done insouciantly. There are multiple reasons for this, one being the dearth in available practice based examples. The purpose of this paper is then to contribute to a broader understanding of evaluation as part of the DSR process through the presentation of the practical application of evaluation activities based on program theory in the DSR process of Peffers et al. The evaluation and iterative improvement of the Teacher Professional Development Course as part of the ICT for Rural Education is presented as the artifact which was evaluated. This example from practice can contribute towards an enhanced understanding of the evaluation of DSR artifacts and the contribution of program theory during both the ex ante and ex post part of the development.
Kinetic and Electronic Energy Dependence of the Reactions of Sc+ and Ti+ with D2O

The reactions of Sc[sup +] and Ti[sup +] with D[sub 2]O are studied as a function of translational energy in a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer. Both ions react to form three ionic products. MD[sup +], MO[sup +], and MOD[sup +]. MO[sup +] formation occurs exothermically by dehydrogenation of D[sub 2]O, even though this reaction is spin forbidden for reaction of ground state M[sup 1] in both systems. In the titanium system, the effect of electronic energy on product formation is probed by varying the conditions used for forming Ti[sup +]. The a[sup 2]F state of Ti[sup +] reacts much more efficiently than the a[sup 4]F ground state at forming all three product ions. The relative reaction efficiencies are consistent with a recent study of the reverse reactions of MO[sup +] + D[sub 2]. State-specific cross sections and the competition between the various products indicate that the reactions occur primarily through a low-spin state of a D-M[sup +]-OD intermediate. Thresholds of the cross sections for endothermic formation of all three product ions are consistent with values calculated by using previously measured bond energies. 44 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.
Inertia, Aspirations, and Response to Attainment Discrepancy in Design Contests

The process of evaluating performance relative to aspirations is widely used by many studies of organizational and technological change. The standard performance feedback model argues that decision makers act in function of attainment discrepancy between performance and aspirations. The theory also states that response to attainment discrepancy is influenced by inertia. Organizational research suggests that there are two types of inertia that we identify in this paper as performance-based inertia, and non-performance-based inertia. We examine the influence of these two types of inertia on the two types of attainment discrepancy as identified by standard performance feedback theory: attainment discrepancy that is based on historical aspirations and attainment discrepancy based on social aspirations. We examine mechanisms that account for the influence of both types of inertia, and derive hypotheses that predict their moderating effect on attainment discrepancy. We test these hypotheses using data on 112 teams that participated in “Robot Wars”, a tournament organized as a contest between teams that field machines specifically designed for the event. Our dependent variable is the magnitude of design change prior to participating in each tournament. Our results show, as predicted, that: performance-based inertia negatively moderates design change in response to attainment discrepancy that is based on social aspirations and; nonperformance-based inertia negatively moderates design change in response to attainment discrepancy that is based on social aspirations. However, contrary to our predictions, our results show no relationship between non-performance-based inertia and design change in response to attainment discrepancy based on historical aspirations. We find a positive and significant result for the relationship between performance-based inertia and design change in response to attainment discrepancy based on historical aspirations. Our study contributes to research on the relationship between performance feedback and technological decision making in contexts where inertia can alter assessment of new product introduction risks.
Location-Dependent Throughput and Delay in Wireless Mesh Networks

In this paper, we model the location-dependent throughput and delay in wireless mesh networks. We analyze the packet-arrival and the packet-departure rates for the forwarding queues at relaying nodes and then derive the per-user throughputs and packet delays experienced by nodes at different hop-count distances from the gateway. Based on this analytical model, we propose two network design strategies to provide fair resource sharing and minimize the end-to-end delay in wireless mesh networks. We then conduct simulations to validate the correctness of our analytical model and evaluate the performance of the proposed network design strategies. The results show that our analytical framework can accurately model the location-dependent throughput and delay in wireless mesh networks and that our proposed strategies effectively and efficiently provide fair throughputs for nodes and reduce the end-to-end packet delay. This paper not only provides a framework for studying the performance of wireless mesh networks but also gives insights into the network design strategy for wireless mesh networks.
The social economy of rhino poaching: Of economic freedom fighters, professional hunters and marginalized local people

In light of the high incidence of rhino poaching in southern Africa, the African rhinoceros might become extinct in the wild in the near future. Scholars from a variety of disciplines have analysed drivers of illegal hunting and poaching behaviour in general terms. Existing scholarship on rhino poaching proffers a simplistic concurrence of interlinked drivers, including the entry of transnational organized crime into wildlife crime, opportunity structures and the endemic poverty facing people living close to protected areas. By engaging with the lived experiences and social worlds of poachers and rural communities, this article reflects on empirical evidence gathered during ethnographic fieldwork with poachers, prisoners and local people living near the Kruger National Park. It is argued that the socio-political and historical context and continued marginalization of local people are significant factors facilitating poaching decisions at the grassroots level. Green land grabs and the systematic exclusion of local people from protected areas, as well as the growing securitization of anti-poaching responses, are aiding the perception that the wild animal is valued more highly than black rural lives. As a consequence, conservationists and law enforcers are viewed with disdain and struggle to obtain cooperation. The article critiques the current fortress conservation paradigm, which assumes conflict-laden relationships between local people and wildlife.