Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Domain Adaptive Classification

We propose an unsupervised domain adaptation method that exploits intrinsic compact structures of categories across different domains using binary attributes. Our method directly optimizes for classification in the target domain. The key insight is finding attributes that are discriminative across categories and predictable across domains. We achieve a performance that significantly exceeds the state-of-the-art results on standard benchmarks. In fact, in many cases, our method reaches the same-domain performance, the upper bound, in unsupervised domain adaptation scenarios.
Agonistic support towards victims buffers aggression in geladas (Theropithecus gelada)

Agonistic support occurs when a bystander intervenes in an ongoing conflict. The consequences of agonistic support may differ when provided to victims or aggressors. Supporting victims may not only protect them, but also limit the escalation of aggression among group members. Our results on Theropithecus gelada showed that support was preferentially directed towards victims and high-ranking individuals provided the highest levels of support. Whereas the support towards the aggressor had no effect in reducing its renewed aggression, it increased the frequency of subsequent conflicts among fellows. The support towards victims significantly reduced subsequent aggression both towards the victim and among other group members. The support was biased towards victims who were unrelated and shared weak bonds with the aggressors. In conclusion, victim support may be a social tool, which intervenes when other mechanisms are less likely to occur such as the case when the opponents are not kin or friends.
Postprandial lipemia induces pancreatic α cell dysfunction characteristic of type 2 diabetes: studies in healthy subjects, mouse pancreatic islets, and cultured pancreatic α cells.

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is associated with pancreatic α cell dysfunction, characterized by elevated fasting plasma glucagon concentrations and inadequate postprandial glucose- and insulin-induced suppression of glucagon secretion. The cause and the underlying mechanisms of α cell dysfunction are unknown. OBJECTIVE Because Western dietary habits cause postprandial lipemia for a major part of a day and, moreover, increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, we tested the hypothesis that postprandial lipemia with its characteristic elevation of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs) might cause pancreatic α cell dysfunction. DESIGN In a crossover study with 7 healthy volunteers, 2 experiments using 2 fat-enriched meals were performed on each volunteer; meal 1 was designed to increase plasma concentrations of both TGRLs and nonesterified fatty acids and meal 2 to increase TGRLs only. Intravenous glucose boli were injected at 0800 after an overnight fast and postprandially at 1300, 3 h after ingestion of a fat-enriched meal. Glucagon concentrations were measured throughout the days of the experiments. In addition to the study in humans, in vitro experiments were performed with mouse pancreatic islets and cultured pancreatic alpha TC 1 clone 9 (αTC1c9) cells, which were incubated with highly purified TGRLs. RESULTS In humans, postprandial lipemia increased plasma glucagon concentrations and led to an inadequate glucose- and insulin-induced suppression of glucagon. There was no difference between the 2 meal types. In mouse pancreatic islets and cultured pancreatic αTC1c9 cells, purified postprandial TGRLs induced abnormalities in glucagon kinetics comparable with those observed in humans. The TGRL-induced α cell dysfunction was due to reduced γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor activation in pancreatic α cells. CONCLUSION We concluded that postprandial lipemia induces pancreatic α cell dysfunction characteristic of type 2 diabetes and, therefore, propose that pancreatic α cell dysfunction could be viewed, at least partly, as a postprandial phenomenon.
High-resolution radio observations of Seyfert galaxies in the extended 12-μm sample — I. The observations

We present 8.4 GHz VLA A–conﬁguration observations of 87 sources from the mid–infrared–selected AGN sample of Rush et al. (1993). These 0.25 arcsec resolution observations allow elongated radio structures tens of parsecs in size to be resolved and enable radio components smaller than 3.5 arcsec to be isolated from diﬀuse galactic disc emission. When combined with previous data, matched radio observations cover-ing ninety percent of the sample have been collected and these represent the largest sub–arcsecond–resolution radio imaging survey of a homogeneously–selected sample of Seyfert galaxies to date. We use our observations to identify 5 radio–loud AGN in the sample. The nature of the radio emission from Seyfert nuclei will be discussed in subsequent papers.
Architectural Patterns for Microservices: A Systematic Mapping Study

Microservices is an architectural style increasing in popularity. However, there is still a lack of understanding how to adopt a microservice-based architectural style. We aim at characterizing different microservice architectural style patterns and the principles that guide their definition. We conducted a systematic mapping study in order to identify reported usage of microservices and based on these use cases extract common patterns and principles. We present two key contributions. Firstly, we identified several agreed microservice architecture patterns that seem widely adopted and reported in the case studies identified. Secondly, we presented these as a catalogue in a common template format including a summary of the advantages, disadvantages, and lessons learned for each pattern from the case studies. We can conclude that different architecture patterns emerge for different migration, orchestration, storage and deployment settings for a set of agreed principles.
Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Neutralization Inhibits the Immune Adjuvant Effect of Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate in Balb/c Mouse Asthma Model

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a commonly used plasticizer, has an adjuvant effect in combination with ovalbumin (OVA). The adjuvant effect of DEHP has already been verified in our previous studies. In this study, to further investigate whether thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) was involved in the DEHP-adjuvant effect, DEHP was administered through a daily gavage exposure route. Mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) to trigger allergic responses, and an anti-TSLP monoclonal antibody was used to neutralize the effect of TSLP. Biomarkers including cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), serum total IgE and TSLP content in the lung were detected. In addition, airway hyperreactivity and lung sections were examined. Collectively, these data indicated a salient Th2 response which was characterized by the upregulation of Th2-type cytokines, such as interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-5 and IL-13. Moreover, the eosinophil number in BALF and the eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in the lung were seen to have increased significantly. However, neutralization of TSLP with an anti-TSLP mAb reversed the adjuvant effect of DEHP on airway inflammation, structural alterations in the airway wall and increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine induced by the OVA allergen, suggesting that TSLP was an effective target site for suppressing the adjuvant effect of DEHP co-exposure.
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Gene T-786C Polymorphism and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Korean Population

We aimed to elucidate whether the eNOS T-786C mutant allele is implicated in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) susceptibility or vasospasm after SAH, and whether the mutant allele is differentially expressed in those with small and large ruptured aneurysms in Korean population. 136 consecutive patients diagnosed with aneurismal SAH and 113 controls were recruited. Polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing of both strands were performed to determine genotypes with respect to the eNOS T-786C mutation. No significant difference was found between cases and controls with respect to the distributions of the two eNOS T-786C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes. No significant differences in the distributions of the eNOS T-786C SNP genotypes were found with regard to the sizes of ruptured aneurysms or the occurrence of vasospasm after SAH. Multiple logistic regression analysis after controlling for age and sex showed the eNOS T-786C SNP T/C genotype was independently associated with an unfavorable outcome (GOS grade 3-5) of SAH (Exp (β)=4.27, 95% CI 1.131-16.108, p=0.032). In conclusion, the eNOS T-786C mutation was not found to be associated with either a susceptibility to SAH or vasospasm after SAH, or with aneurysm size in Korean population. The eNOS T-786C SNP T/C genotype could be used as a prognostic marker in individuals with SAH.
Positive Thinking, Coping with Daily Stressors And Health A Comparison of Male And Female Faculty Members, at University of Education

Present study is an effort to explore relationship between positive thinking, coping with daily stressors and health outcomes.The researcher hypothesized that those who have positive thinking will appraise stressors less threatening, use problem focused coping strategies and will have better health as compared to the negative thinkers.Research was divided into two parts Study I and Study II.In study I, the researcher developed and validated a Daily Stressor Scale (DSS) for university teachers.In order to develop the scale, countrywide data was collected from the university teachers.To make the data representative, 264 university teachers from the major universities of all provinces of Pakistan, Federal area and Azad Jammu & Kashmir were included in the study.A 27 items Daily Stressor Scale (DSS), having four subscales, was validated by factor analysis.The psychometric property of DSS was established by convergent validly.Separate norms were developed for total scale, subscales and for males and females.In study II, relationships among positive thinking, coping with DSS and health were analyzed in a sample of 182 faculty members, selected randomly, from University of Education. Positive thinking, operationalized as optimism, was measured through Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R, Scheier, Carver & Brigades, 1994), coping with Brief Cope (Carver, 1997) and health with General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg, 1972). The results indicated significant relationships between positive thinking, daily stressors, and problem focused coping and health.Positive thinking accounted for 42% of variance in stress reduction, 12% in effective coping and 20% in health and wellbeing.Optimism and gender were the significant predictors of stress,coping and health.The findings were congruent with Fredrickson’s Broaden and Build Theory of Positive Emotions and Lazarus Model of Transactional Approach to Stress. Implications for clinical, counseling and educational settings, institutions, family and community are discussed.
Testing the blazar spectral sequence: X-ray-selected blazars

We present simultaneous optical and X-ray data from Swift for a sample of radio-loud flat-spectrum quasars selected from the Einstein Medium Sensitivity Survey (EMSS). We present also a complete analysis of Swift and INTEGRAL data on four blazars recently discussed as possibly challenging the trends of the hypothesized ‘blazar spectral sequence’. The spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of all these objects are modelled in terms of a general theoretical scheme, applicable to all blazars, leading to an estimate of the jets’ physical parameters. Our results show that, in the case of the EMSS broad line blazars, X-ray selection does not lead to find sources with synchrotron peaks in the UV/X-ray range, as was the case for X-ray-selected BL Lacs. Instead, for a wide range of radio powers all the sources with broad emission lines show similar SEDs, with synchrotron components peaking below the optical/UV range. The SED models suggest that the associated inverse Compton (IC) emission should peak below the GeV range, but could be detectable in some cases by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Of the remaining four ‘anomalous’ blazars, two highly luminous sources with broad lines, claimed to possibly emit synchrotron X-rays, are shown to be better described with IC models for their X-ray emission. For one source with weak emission lines (a BL Lac object) a synchrotron peak in the soft X-ray range is confirmed, while for the fourth source, exhibiting narrow emission lines typical of narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies, no evidence of X-ray emission from a relativistic jet is found. We re-examine the standing and interpretation of the original ‘blazar spectral sequence’ and suggest that the photon ambient, in which the particle acceleration and emission occur, is likely the main factor determining the shape of the blazar SED. A connection between SED shape and jet power/luminosity can however result through the link between the mass and accretion rate of the central black hole and the radiative efficiency of the resulting accretion flow, thus involving at least two parameters.
Decreased mRNA Expression of the PTH/PTHrP Receptor and Type II Sodium-Dependent Phosphate Transporter in the Kidney of Rats Fed a High Phosphorus Diet Accompanied with a Decrease in Serum Calcium Concentration

This study investigates the phosphorus (P) homeostasis in the process of an altered parathyroid hormone (PTH) action in the kidney of rats fed a high P diet. Four-week-old male Wistar strain rats were fed diets containing five different P levels (0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 and 1.5%) for 21 days. The serum PTH concentration and urinary excretion of P were elevated with increasing dietary P level. Compared to rats fed the 0.3% P diet, the serum calcium (Ca) concentration remained unchanged, while the serum 1,25(OH)2D3 concentration and urinary excretion of cAMP were elevated with increasing dietary P level in rats fed the high P diets containing 0.6–0.9% P. On the other hand, a lower serum Ca concentration was observed in rats fed the high P diets containing 1.2% or greater P. The serum 1,25(OH)2D3 concentration remained unchanged in rats fed the high P diets containing 1.2% or greater P, comparison with rats fed the 0.3% P diet. The urinary excretion of cAMP and PTH/PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) receptor and type II sodium-dependent phosphate transporter (NaPi-2) mRNA in the kidney were both decreased in rats fed the high P diets containing 1.2% or greater P. In conclusion, a high P diet with subsequent decrease in serum Ca concentration suppressed the PTH action in the kidney due to PTH/PTHrP receptor mRNA down-regulation. Furthermore, an increase in the urinary excretion of P might have been caused by decreased NaPi-2 mRNA expression without the effects of PTH and 1,25(OH)2D3.
Melatonin alleviates lipopolysaccharide‐compromised integrity of blood–brain barrier through activating AMP‐activated protein kinase in old mice

Blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is considered to be an early event in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurological diseases in old patients, and this could occur in old people even when facing common stress. However, the mechanism remains to be defined. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that decreased melatonin levels may account for the BBB disruption in old mice challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which mimicked the common stress of sepsis. Mice (24–28 months of age) received melatonin (10 mg kg−1 day−1, intraperitoneally, i.p.) or saline for one week before exposing to LPS (1 mg kg−1, i.p.). Evan's blue dye (EB) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) leakage were used to assess BBB permeability. Immunostaining and Western blot were used to detect protein expression and distribution. Our results showed that LPS significantly increased BBB permeability in old mice accompanied by the degradation of tight junction proteins occludin and claudin‐5, suppressed AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, and elevated gp91phox protein expression. Interestingly, administration of melatonin for one week significantly decreased LPS‐induced BBB disruption, AMPK suppression, and gp91phox upregualtion. Moreover, activation of AMPK with metformin significantly inhibited LPS‐induced gp91phox upregualtion in endothelial cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that melatonin alleviates LPS‐induced BBB disruption through activating AMPK and inhibiting gp91phox upregulation in old mice.
Bayesian Survival Analysis Using A Mars Model

Summary. A Bayesian multivariate adaptive regression spline fitting approach is used to model univariate and multivariate survival data with censoring. The possible models contain the proportional hazards model as a subclass and automatically detect departures from this. A reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is described to obtain the estimate of the hazard function as well as the survival curve.
Pre-service Science and Primary School Teachers' Identification of Scientific Process Skills

The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of pre-service primary school and science teachers' identification of scientific process skills. The study employed the survey method, and the sample included 95 pre-service science teachers and 95 pre-service primary school teachers from the Faculty of Education at Recep Tayyip Erdogan University in Turkey. All participating students were in their third year. A 24-question Scientific Process Skills Test was employed as the data collection tool. Students were asked to choose the correct answer for each question and specify which scientific process skills were measured with the answer. The analysis of the students' answers involved tabulating the correct answers given for each question and students' answers concerning the scientific process skill measured by the answer along with their frequencies. The analysis indicated that pre-service science teachers gave more correct answers than pre-service primary school teachers in the first section of the study, which made them more successful overall. Considering that the second section of the test included questions about acquisitions, the pre-service teachers, who were from two different departments, provided similar answers, and no significant difference was found. Furthermore, the pre-service teachers from both departments used many skills interchangeably.
Cardiovascular Adaptive Homeostasis in Exercise

Adaptive Homeostasis has been defined as, “The transient expansion or contraction of the homeostatic range in response to exposure to sub-toxic, non-damaging, signaling molecules or events, or the removal or cessation of such molecules or events. ” (Davies, 2016). I propose that one of the most significant examples of adaptive homeostasis may be the adaptation of the cardiovascular system to exercise training. In particular, endurance type training involves the generation of increased levels of free radicals such as ubisemiquinone, superoxide, nitric oxide, and other (non-radical) reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), in a repetitive manner, typically several times per week. As long as the training intensity and duration are sub-maximal and not exhaustive these reactive species do not cause damage, but rather activate signal transduction pathways to induce mitochondrial biogenesis—the foundation of increased exercise endurance. Particularly important are the NFκB and Nrf2 signal transduction pathways which respond to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generated during exercise. As with other examples of adaptive homeostasis the effects are transient, lasting only as long as the training is maintained. Unfortunately, the ability to adapt to exercise training declines with age, perhaps as a result of impaired Nrf2 and NFκB signaling, as does adaptive homeostasis capacity in general. Since this is an Hypothesis/Theory Paper and not a review, I have not tried to provide a comprehensive discussion of all the literature relating to exercise adaptation and the cardiovascular system. Rather, I have attempted to develop the Hypothesis or Theory that adaptive homeostasis is the foundation for adaptation of the cardiovascular system to exercise training, largely based on work from my own laboratory, that of close collaborators, and that of key contributors over a period of almost 40 years.
Exploring Correlation Between Perceived Parenting Styles, Early Maladaptive Schemas, and Depression Among Women With Depressive Symptoms in Iran and India- Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas as Mediators and Moderatos

Background: Many studies have reported that inadequate parental styles can contribute to depressive symptoms through dysfunctional cognitive styles. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association of dysfunctional schemas and parenting style with depression, as well as the role of maladaptive schemas such as moderators and mediators in Iran and India. Patients and Methods:: The study sample was selected randomly and consisted of 200 (age group 16-60 y) depressed females (mild to moderate); 100 from Tehran (Iran) and another 100 from Pune (India). The type of the research was causal-comparative. The data collection took place in hospitals and clinics in the targeted cities. Descriptive statistic tests and hierarchical multiple regression were executed (for the purpose of analyzing data) by SPSS 17. Results: It was demonstrated that the association between parenting and depression was not moderated by early maladaptive schemas. On the contrary, the results supported meditational models in which parenting styles are associated with the cognitive schemas, and these in turn are related to depressive symptoms. It was also found that abandonment mediates the impacts of maternal style on depression in Iran. On the other hand, abandonment and punitiveness schemas mediated the relation between paternal style and depression in India. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the correlation between childhood experiences and depression in adulthood are mediated by dysfunctional schemas.
Sequential learning , predictive regressions , and optimal p ortfolio returns PRELIMINARY

This paper analyzes sequential learning in the context of predictive regression models. To do this, we develop new particle based methods for sequential learning about parameters, state variables, hypotheses, and models. This sequential perspective allows us to quantify how investor’s views about predictability and models varies over time, and naturally mimics the learning problem encountered in practice. We consider learning about predictability using dividend/payout data and models that incorporate drifting coefficients and stochastic volatility. We analyze the time-variation of parameter estimates and model probabilities, using both the traditional cash dividends measure and a measure taking into account share repurchases and issuances. We also analyze the economic benefits of using these models by considering optimal portfolio allocation problems. ∗Johannes is at the Graduate School of Business, Columbia University, mj335@columbia.edu. Korteweg is at the Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, korteweg@stanford.edu. Polson is at the Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago, ngp@chicagogsb.edu. We thank Martijn Cremers, Darrell Duffie, Stefan Nagel, and seminar participants at Duke University, the University of North Carolina, Yale School of Management, the University of Chicago, the 2009 AFA meetings, and the 2008 Conference on Modeling and Forecasting Economic and Financial Time Series with State Space models at the Sveriges Riksbank for helpful comments. All errors are our own. 1 USC FBE FINANCE SEMINAR presented by: Arthur Korteweg THURSDAY, Nov. 19, 2009 2:00 pm 3:30 pm, Room: ACC-303