Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phase-corrected RASTA for automatic speech recognition over the phone

In this paper we propose an extension to the classical RASTA technique. The new method consists of classical RASTA filtering followed by an all-pass phase correction filter. In this manner, the influence of the communication channel is as effectively removed as with classical RASTA. However, our proposal does not introduce a left-context dependency like classical RASTA. Therefore the new method is better suited for automatic speech recognition based on context-independent modeling with Gaussian mixture hidden Markov models. We tested this in the context of connected digit recognition over the phone. In case we used context-dependent hidden Markov models (i.e., word models), we found that classical RASTA and phase-corrected RASTA performed equally well. For context-independent phone-based models, we found that phase-corrected RASTA can outperform classical RASTA depending on the acoustic resolution of the models.
Ecological Variables in the Origin and Evolution of African States: the Buganda Example

Anthropologists have been interested in African societies and cultures for several decades. Few will dispute the contributions which British social anthropologists and others have made to the understanding of African institutions, especially in the domains of kinship and marriage, political organization, and most recently in urban studies. Many of these studies, however, have been avowedly synchronic; they are intended as descriptions of societies at a single time level. Even in those cases where the anthropo- logist has been privileged to conduct research within the same society over an extended period of time, the problems of social and cultural change which he documents generally involve modifications of ‘traditional’ institutions and behavior in the context of colonialism, postcolonialism, and world capitalism. While such studies are extremely important, the processes they describe do not exhaust the limits of the study of change in African society.
Fast and Sweet: Nutritional Attributes of Television Food Advertisements With and Without Black Characters

This study describes a content analysis of food advertisements featured in television programming popular with children. Advertisements featuring no Black primary characters were compared on the basis of character and food attributes with ads featuring at least one Black primary character. Advertised foods were then analyzed for the compliance of their nutritional content with the federal government's recommended daily values (RDVs) of select nutrients. Analyses revealed notable differences between ads depicting Black characters and ads without Black characters. Compared with ads without Black characters, ads with Black characters were more likely to sell convenience foods, especially fast foods, yet less likely to feature overweight characters. Ads without Black characters, in contrast, were more likely to sell foods high in sugar. Overall there were few differences in the nutritional breakdown of foods advertised in ads with and without Black characters, mainly because both types of ads tended to sell nutritionally unbalanced foods. A 2,000-calorie diet of foods advertised in both types of ads would exceed RDVs of total fat, saturated fat, and sodium, yet fail to provide RDVs of fiber and certain vitamins and minerals.
Sporothrix brasiliensis, S. globosa, and S. mexicana, Three New Sporothrix Species of Clinical Interest

ABSTRACT Sporothrix schenckii is the species responsible for sporotrichosis, a fungal infection caused by the traumatic implantation of this dimorphic fungus. Recent molecular studies have demonstrated that this species constitutes a complex of numerous phylogenetic species. Since the delineation of such species could be of extreme importance from a clinical point of view, we have studied a total of 127 isolates, most of which were received as S. schenckii, including the available type strains of species currently considered synonyms, and also some close morphological species. We have phenotypically characterized all these isolates using different culture media, growth rates at different temperatures, and numerous nutritional tests and compared their calmodulin gene sequences. The molecular analysis revealed that Sporothrix albicans, S. inflata, and S. schenckii var. luriei are species that are clearly different from S. schenckii. The combination of these phenetic and genetic approaches allowed us to propose the new species Sporothrix brasiliensis, S. globosa, and S. mexicana. The key phenotypic features for recognizing these species are the morphology of the sessile pigmented conidia, growth at 30, 35, and 37°C, and the assimilation of sucrose, raffinose, and ribitol.
Judgement and memory of a criminal act: the effects of stereotypes and cognitive load

The study investigated participants' judgements of the defendant's guilt, severity of punishment and memory of information concerning a crime presented earlier, as a function of activated stereotype (positive versus negative) and cognitive load (i.e. self-paced versus quick processing pace). As hypothesized, it was found that judgement of guilt, punishment and memory were affected by the activated stereotype only under high-load conditions. Under these conditions, a negative stereotype of the defendant evoked higher estimates of guilt, harsher punishment and better memory of incriminating evidence than a positive stereotype, while there was no effect of stereotype valence in the low-load condition. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
(A)telicity and intentionality

Abstract This article argues for a treatment of telicity that gives due space to intentionality, i.e., that recognizes the role intentionality may play in establishing the mutually manifest inherent or natural endpoint crucial to the definition of telicity. Sentences with numerical NP objects and for adverbials are shown not to be automatically telic. It is only if the constituents in question are contextually given as inherent endpoints that they are [+telic], intentionality being one of the extralinguistic factors that may bring about telicity.
Adiponectin is sufficient, but not required, for exercise‐induced increases in the expression of skeletal muscle mitochondrial enzymes

Adiponectin is a regulator of skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis. Previous research using the ob/ob mouse (leptin deficient, low adiponectin) has suggested that the presence of adipokines, including adiponectin, is necessary for exercise‐induced increases in mitochondrial content. In the current study, we examined the importance of adiponectin as a regulator of skeletal muscle mitochondrial content in response to exercise by comparing wildtype and adiponectin deficient mice. Adiponectin deficient mice showed no differences in resting VO2 , RER, or time to exhaustion during exercise when compared to wildtype mice. There were no differences in various protein markers of mitochondrial content. A single bout of treadmill running increased the mRNA expression of mitochondrial proteins similarly in wildtype and adiponectin deficient mice. Chronic exercise (8 weeks) also increased the protein content of mitochondrial markers similarly in wildtype and adiponectin deficient mice. We conclude that Ad is not required for exercise‐induced increases in muscle mitochondrial proteins.
Effects of Leader Role, Team-Set Goal Difficulty, Efficacy, and Tactics on Team Effectiveness

Abstract Concepts from the domains of leadership theory, goal setting theory and social cognitive theory were used to identify factors influencing team effectiveness. Seventy-two three-person teams performed a computerized tank battle simulation (BOLO) in a 2 × 2 design. Teams were assigned difficult or easy goals and were led by commanders or team coordinators. Commanders were preselected based on personality. Both types of leaders were instructed in their roles. Gender ratios of the teams were balanced. Controlling for ability, teams with team coordinators implemented better tactics than teams with commanders, and the quality of the tactics discovered and implemented by the teams strongly affected team performance. Assigned goal difficulty affected both team efficacy and team-set goal difficulty. Team efficacy influenced team-set goal difficulty, which in conjunction with team tactics influenced performance. Team tactics were more strongly related to team performance than was team-set goal difficulty. Additionally, an interaction effect on performance was found between team tactics and team-set goal difficulty.
Cranial pachymeningitis: an unusual manifestation of Wegener's granulomatosis.

We describe a patient with limited Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) presenting with saddle-nose deformity, pachymeningitis with prominent visual symptoms due to constriction of ophthalmic arteries at their transdural course, and positive for perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody. Early diagnosis of this rare presentation of WG can facilitate appropriate treatment to avoid irreversible neurologic dysfunction.
Entrepreneurial efficiency : an analysis based on UK and German data

In this paper, we employ modern frontier efficiency analysis to investigate the ability of British and German entrepreneurs to use their age, education and experience to earn money in the period from 2000 to 2003. We find that the efficiency of selfemployed individuals has deteriorated from 79 in 2000 to 73 percent in 2003. Division into sub-groups provides several remarkable insights: (i) statistically viewed, German and British entrepreneurs are on average equally efficient; (ii) in all observed years male business owners outperform their female counterparts, nonetheless, there is a clear tendency to reduce this gap within period under consideration; and (iii) receiving windfall gains does not affect entrepreneurs’ efficiency in the next year.
PENYEBAB TURNOVER INTENTION PADA PEGAWAI INSTALASI GIZI RUMAH SAKIT PHC SURABAYA

ABSTRACT Turnover data on 2010 until 2012 showed that there were high numbers of employee turnover in nutrition division of PHC Hospital. This research aimed to search the cause of turnover intention on employee of nutrition division PHC Hospital. This was analytical study with cross sectional approach. Sample was taken by simple random sampling with sample size 43 respondents that has been proportionate on each profession. The result of this research used regression logistic test showed that variables on structural factors showed significant influence towards job satisfaction (p 0,05). The conclusion from this research is most of respondents showed good score on structural factor, jab satisfaction, and organizational commitment. However, most of respondents also claimed that they have intention to turnover from PHC Hospital. All of the variables on structural factor showed significant influence towards job satisfaction. But variables on the steps towards turnover intention did not showed significant influence. Keywords job satisfaction, organizational commitment, structural factors, turnover intention
Increased Risk of Incident Chronic Kidney Disease, Cardiovascular Disease, and Mortality in Patients With Diabetes With Comorbid Depression

OBJECTIVE It is not known if patients with diabetes with depression have an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We examined the association between depression and incident CKD, mortality, and incident cardiovascular events in U.S. veterans with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Among a nationally representative prospective cohort of >3 million U.S. veterans with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2, we identified 933,211 patients with diabetes. Diabetes was ascertained by an ICD-9-CM code for diabetes, an HbA1c >6.4%, or receiving antidiabetes medication during the inclusion period. Depression was defined by an ICD-9-CM code for depression or by antidepressant use during the inclusion period. Incident CKD was defined as two eGFR levels <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 separated by ≥90 days and a >25% decline in baseline eGFR. The associations between depression and outcomes were assessed using Cox proportional regression. RESULTS Depression was present in 340,806 patients at enrollment. Depressed patients were younger (61 ± 11 vs. 65 ± 11 years), had higher eGFR (84 ± 15 vs. 81 ± 14 mL/min/1.73 m2), but had more comorbidities. Incident CKD developed in 180,343 patients. Depression was associated with 20% higher risk of incident CKD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] and 95% CI: 1.20 [1.19–1.21]). Similarly, depression was associated with increased all-cause mortality (aHR and 95% CI: 1.25 [1.24–1.26]). CONCLUSIONS The presence of depression in patients with diabetes is associated with higher risk of developing CKD compared with nondepressed patients. Intervention studies should determine if effective treatment of depression in patients with diabetes would prevent major renal and cardiovascular complications.
Interventions to Reduce Distress in Adult Victims of Rape and Sexual Violence

Objectives: This article presents a systematic evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing distress in adult victims of rape and sexual violence. Method: Studies were eligible for the review if the assignment of study participants to experimental or control groups was by random allocation or parallel cohort design. Results: Six studies including 405 participants met eligibility criteria. Meta-analyses revealed that specific cognitive and behavioral interventions (cognitive-processing therapy, prolonged exposure therapy, and eye movement desensitization reprocessing) had a statistically significant effect on posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms in comparison to the control groups. Other outcomes that had demonstrated improvement included anxiety, guilt, and dissociation. Conclusion: Many studies assessing the effectiveness of interventions for decreasing trauma symptoms combine victims of sexual violence in adulthood with other trauma-based samples despite the profound differences in these experiences. This review again points to the need for increased research that focuses specifically on the effectiveness of treatment models for adult victims of sexual violence.
Discriminating External and Internal Causes for Heading Changes in Freely Flying Drosophila

As animals move through the world in search of resources, they change course in reaction to both external sensory cues and internally-generated programs. Elucidating the functional logic of complex search algorithms is challenging because the observable actions of the animal cannot be unambiguously assigned to externally- or internally-triggered events. We present a technique that addresses this challenge by assessing quantitatively the contribution of external stimuli and internal processes. We apply this technique to the analysis of rapid turns (“saccades”) of freely flying Drosophila melanogaster. We show that a single scalar feature computed from the visual stimulus experienced by the animal is sufficient to explain a majority (93%) of the turning decisions. We automatically estimate this scalar value from the observable trajectory, without any assumption regarding the sensory processing. A posteriori, we show that the estimated feature field is consistent with previous results measured in other experimental conditions. The remaining turning decisions, not explained by this feature of the visual input, may be attributed to a combination of deterministic processes based on unobservable internal states and purely stochastic behavior. We cannot distinguish these contributions using external observations alone, but we are able to provide a quantitative bound of their relative importance with respect to stimulus-triggered decisions. Our results suggest that comparatively few saccades in free-flying conditions are a result of an intrinsic spontaneous process, contrary to previous suggestions. We discuss how this technique could be generalized for use in other systems and employed as a tool for classifying effects into sensory, decision, and motor categories when used to analyze data from genetic behavioral screens.
Cognitive ability × emotional stability interactions on adjustment

Cognitive ability has been shown to moderate the relations between emotional stability and self‐reports of well being. The present study examined whether this interaction effect generalizes to non‐self‐report measures of well being. Male conscripts (N = 152) completed an emotional stability scale and a cognitive ability test. Several indicators of their general adjustment and competence were derived from self‐ and superior‐ratings, a psychiatric interview and from military archives. Cognitive ability moderated the association of emotional stability with both self‐report and non‐self‐report indicators of adjustment and competence. Low emotional stability was related to adverse outcomes only among low cognitive ability individuals. The results support the idea that cognitive ability buffers the influence of emotional stability on well being. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bub1 and aurora B cooperate to maintain BubR1-mediated inhibition of APC/CCdc20

The spindle checkpoint maintains genome stability by inhibiting Cdc20-mediated activation of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) until all the chromosomes correctly align on the microtubule spindle apparatus via their kinetochores. BubR1, an essential component of this checkpoint, localises to kinetochores and its kinase activity is regulated by the kinesin-related motor protein Cenp-E. BubR1 also inhibits APC/CCdc20 in vitro, thus providing a molecular link between kinetochore-microtubule interactions and the proteolytic machinery that regulates mitotic progression. Several other protein kinases, including Bub1 and members of the Ipl1/aurora family, also regulate anaphase onset. However, in human somatic cells Bub1 and aurora B kinase activity do not appear to be essential for spindle checkpoint function. Specifically, when Bub1 is inhibited by RNA interference, or aurora kinase activity is inhibited with the small molecule ZM447439, cells arrest transiently in mitosis following exposure to spindle toxins that prevent microtubule polymerisation. Here, we show that mitotic arrest of Bub1-deficient cells is dependent on aurora kinase activity, and vice versa. We suggest therefore that the checkpoint is composed of two arms, one dependent on Bub1, the other on aurora B. Analysis of BubR1 complexes suggests that both of these arms converge on the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), which includes BubR1, Bub3, Mad2 and Cdc20. Although it is known that MCC components can bind and inhibit the APC/C, we show here for the first time that the binding of the MCC to the APC/C is dependent on an active checkpoint signal. Furthermore, we show that both Bub1 and aurora kinase activity are required to promote binding of the MCC to the APC/C. These observations provide a simple explanation of why BubR1 and Mad2 are essential for checkpoint function following spindle destruction, yet Bub1 and aurora B kinase activity are not. Taken together with other observations, we suggest that these two arms respond to different spindle cues: whereas the Bub1 arm monitors kinetochore-microtubule attachment, the aurora B arm monitors biorientation. This bifurcation in the signalling mechanism may help explain why many tumour cells mount a robust checkpoint response following spindle damage, despite exhibiting chromosome instability.
Is stage-matched process-use associated with the transition from the preparation to action stage among smokers? A longitudinal test of the transtheoretical model

This longitudinal study tested the predictions of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) regarding process-use and progressive stage-transition from the preparation stage to the action stage in relation to smoking behavior. We provided a secondary data-analysis of a longitudinal study of callers to a smoking-cessation hotline (Segan C, Borland R, Greenwood KM. 2002. Do transtheoretical model measures predict the transition from preparation to action in smoking cessation? Psychology and Health, 17:417–435). The results did not support the predictions of the TTM. In comparison to individuals who remained in the preparation stage over the course of the study, individuals making a transition to the action stage manifested: a similar pattern of stage-matched behavioral processes-of-change and a statistically significant decrease in stage-matched experiential process-use. Given the lack of support for the predicted longitudinal relations between process-use and forward transition from the preparation stage to the action stage, the results undermine the TTMs central tenet that stage-matched processes-of-change stand as the primary mechanisms of stage-progression.
Coping with Cross-Cultural Transition

This exploratory study examined the relationship between coping styles and psychological adjustment with 113 British expatriates living in Singapore. The Coping Humor and COPE scales were used to measure coping styles and to predict psychological adjustment. Higher order factor analysis of the COPE resulted in four factors: Approach, Avoidance, Acceptance and Social Support. Stepwise regression revealed that Avoidance (β = .40), Coping Humor (β = -.24) and Approach (β = -.19) emerged as significant predictors of depression (R = .33). Limitations of the study are mentioned, and avenues for future research are suggested.
Personality in teams: Its relationship to social cohesion, task cohesion, and team performance

This study continued past research on the relationship between personality composition in teams and social cohesion and team performance (Barrick, Stewart, Neubert, & Mount, 1998). Results from the Barrick et al. sample (N = 50) were compared with data from two new samples, one comprising drilling teams in the US (N = 24), and the other comprising student teams in The Netherlands (N = 25). Furthermore, this study examined the relationship between personality composition and task cohesion, usually considered to be a stronger predictor of team performance than social cohesion. Results partly confirmed the relationships between personality composition, cohesion, and team performance that were found previously. Minimum levels of conscientiousness and agreeableness contributed positively to both task cohesion and team performance. High mean levels of extraversion and emotional stability contributed positively to social cohesion. Some results differed across the three samples, stressing the importance of task c.
Examining the Effects of Gifted Programming in Mathematics and Reading Using the ECLS-K

This study examined the average effects of schools’ third through fifth grade gifted programming policy in mathematics and reading on overall school achievement, on gifted students’ achievement and academic attitudes and on nongifted students’ achievement and academic attitudes. Data and results represent a broad, national look at school personnel–reported programming without distinction as to type, length, or degree of programming. No detrimental effects were found at the overall school level or for nongifted students. However, the results also indicated that, on average, the diverse programs reported in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1988-1989 (ECLS-K) database had no effect on gifted students’ achievement or academic attitudes. Considered in light of prior research indicating benefits of specific programs and existing inconsistent policies and programs, this suggests the need for future research to determine effective program characteristics and suggests that policy makers, educators, and parents actively must seek research-based practices to use with gifted children.