Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in striatal dopamine neurotransmission assessed with microdialysis following recovery from a bilateral 6-OHDA lesion: variation as a function of lesion size

Intracerebral microdialysis was used to measure the extracellular concentration of striatal dopamine (DA) and its metabolites in freely moving rats depleted of DA by the bilateral infusion of 6- hydroxydopamine into the substantia nigra approximately 1 month earlier. It was found that the basal extracellular concentration of DA remained within the same range as seen in control animals until the size of the lesion exceeded 80% (estimated by the postmortem tissue concentration of DA). In animals with an 80–95% lesion there was only a modest decrease in basal extracellular DA, but as lesion size exceeded 95% there was a marked drop in the basal extracellular concentration of DA. In contrast, the basal extracellular concentration of the DA metabolites showed a more steady decline as a function of lesion size. To determine the ability of the residual population of DA terminals to further increase DA release upon increased demand, animals were given a challenge injection of 1.5 mg/kg of d-amphetamine. Amphetamine-evoked DA release remained within the control range until lesion size exceeded 95%. These results provide direct confirmation for the hypothesis that following recovery from partial bilateral damage to the nigrostriatal DA system in adulthood, there are presynaptic compensatory changes in the remaining population of DA neurons sufficient to “normalize” the extracellular concentration of striatal DA. It is suggested that this normalization of extracellular DA is responsible for the sparing of function seen following the loss of up to 80% of the DA innervation to the striatum and contributes to the recovery of function seen after even more extensive damage (80–95%). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Formation of cholesteryl ester-rich particulate lipid during metabolism of chylomicrons.

The metabolism of chylomicrons doubly labeled with cholesterol-(3)H and triglyceride-(14)C was studied in unanesthetized rats which were absorbing a fatty test meal. 10 min after intravenous injection, 80% of chylomicron cholesteryl ester, but only 20% of chylomicron triglyceride, was found in the liver. Treatment of recipient rats with puromycin to block hepatic triglyceride release did not increase the proportion of chylomicron triglyceride found in the liver. Rapid partition of chylomicron triglyceride from cholesterol ester also occurred in rats in which the liver had been excluded from the circulation. However, now the cholesteryl ester accumulated in the plasma, whereas triglyceride was cleared by peripheral tissues. Residual labeled cholesterol in the plasma of such rats was shown to be present in particulate form, together with some residual triglyceride. The remnant particles contained about 13% cholesteryl ester. When injected into other rats the remnant particles appeared in the liver more rapidly than did chylomicrons.These observations were consistent with the hypothesis that the first step in chylomicron metabolism occurred in extrahepatic tissues where a large portion of the triglyceride was removed by the action of lipoprotein lipase. The remnant particles so produced contained the chylomicron cholesteryl ester and residual triglyceride, and they were removed from the plasma by the liver.
Design of linear physical-layer network coding for MIMO two-way relay channels without transmitter CSI

In this paper, we propose a new linear physical-layer network coding scheme for spatial-multiplexing MIMO two-way relay channels (TWRCs), where the transmitters lack the channel state information (CSI). In the uplink, each user transmits independent signal streams from its multiple antennas, and the two users transmit simultaneously. The relay selects a finite-field coefficient matrix based on its receiver CSI. It then jointly computes the associated linear combinations of all messages. In the downlink, the resultant message-combinations are forwarded to the users, which recover their desired messages. We derive an asymptotic expression for the coefficient matrix used by the relay that minimizes the error probability. We show by numerical results that for Rayleigh fading channel, the proposed linear PNC scheme outperforms existing schemes by up to 4.5 dB and that the proposed scheme approaches an interference-free lower bound at a sufficiently high SNR.
Dare to Care: Exploring the Relationships between Socio-Moral Climate, Perceived Stress, and Work Engagement in a Social Service Agency

Abstract Human service professionals working in an interpersonal violence social service agency are at increased risk of experiencing emotional burnout, compassion fatigue, and high levels of stress, which may reduce work engagement, increase turnover, and ultimately negatively affect client outcomes. However, a positive organizational climate has the potential to buffer the negative effects of perceived stress on work engagement. Socio-moral climate is a behavioral-based organizational construct that assumes that workplace practices and procedures can impact employees’ attitudes and behaviors. This exploratory study (N = 41) investigates the relationships between perceived stress, work engagement, and socio-moral climate in a social service agency serving survivors of interpersonal violence, comparing employees with direct interactions with clients in a shelter to those with indirect contact at a different location. Results of moderation analyses show that socio-moral climate significantly predicts higher work engagement, while perceived stress is negatively associated with work engagement; however, the interaction effect was not significant and there were no differences in perceived stress between both employees. Further research should continue to investigate the role of socio-moral climate on employee work engagement in social service agencies, which could improve the quality of services for their clients.
Strongly Convex Programming for Exact Matrix Completion and Robust Principal Component Analysis

The common task in matrix completion (MC) and robust principle component analysis (RPCA) is to recover a low-rank matrix from a given data matrix. These problems gained great attention from various areas in applied sciences recently, especially after the publication of the pioneering works of Cand`es et al. One fundamental result in MC and RPCA is that nuclear norm based convex optimizations lead to the exact low-rank matrix recovery under suitable conditions. In this paper, we extend this result by showing that strongly convex optimizations can guarantee the exact low-rank matrix recovery as well. The result in this paper not only provides sufficient conditions under which the strongly convex models lead to the exact low-rank matrix recovery, but also guides us on how to choose suitable parameters in practical algorithms.
A psychosocial study of guilt and shame in White South African migrants to Australia.

Despite recent research interest in migrant psychology, little attention has been paid to the emotional reactions of guilt and shame resulting from migrants’ decision to leave their homeland. Universalist theories have yielded to an understanding of emotions as culturally contextualised and interpersonally constituted phenomena. For reasons associated with South Africa’s racial history and the social dynamics following the 1994 transition to democracy, some white migrants from this country display specific manifestations of guilt and shame related to their migration decision. Using a psychosocial research approach, 14 in-depth interviews were conducted with white South Africans who migrated to Australia following the democratic transition. Explicit and implicit expressions of migration-induced guilt and shame were evident in many research participants. In addition to guilt associated with leaving loved ones to an uncertain future, participants reported complex admixtures of guilt and shame at having been apartheid beneficiaries, internalising racist attitudes, and ‘abandoning’ their motherland at a critical historical juncture. Disavowed guilt and shame was evident in some participants, indicating defensive efforts to avoid acknowledging and experiencing these painful emotional states.
Distinct Genetic Loci Control Plasma HIV-RNA and Cellular HIV-DNA Levels in HIV-1 Infection: The ANRS Genome Wide Association 01 Study

Previous studies of the HIV-1 disease have shown that HLA and Chemokine receptor genetic variants influence disease progression and early viral load. We performed a Genome Wide Association study in a cohort of 605 HIV-1-infected seroconverters for detection of novel genetic factors that influence plasma HIV-RNA and cellular HIV-DNA levels. Most of the SNPs strongly associated with HIV-RNA levels were localised in the 6p21 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region and were in the vicinity of class I and III genes. Moreover, protective alleles for four disease-associated SNPs in the MHC locus (rs2395029, rs13199524, rs12198173 and rs3093662) were strikingly over-represented among forty-five Long Term HIV controllers. Furthermore, we show that the HIV-DNA levels (reflecting the HIV reservoir) are associated with the same four SNPs, but also with two additional SNPs on chromosome 17 (rs6503919; intergenic region flanked by the DDX40 and YPEL2 genes) and chromosome 8 (rs2575735; within the Syndecan 2 gene). Our data provide evidence that the MHC controls both HIV replication and HIV reservoir. They also indicate that two additional genomic loci may influence the HIV reservoir.
Submission to Ieee Transactions on Software Engineering a Controlled Experiment for Validating the Personal Software Process Methodology

The Personal Software Process is a process improvement methodology aiming at individual software engineers. It claims to improve software quality (in particular defect content), effort estimation capability, and process adaptation and improvement capabilities. We have tested some of these claims in a controlled experiment comparing the performance of participants who had just previously received a PSP course to a control group of participants who had received other technical training instead. Each participant of both groups performed the same task. The results indicate that the PSP group estimated their productivity more accurately , produced more reliable programs, and showed smaller variability in performance than the control group. We conclude that PSP training reduces the risk in a software development eeort, although the improvements are smaller than some PSP proponents claim. 1 The Personal Software Process (PSP) methodology The Personal Software Process (PSP) methodology for improving the software process was introduced in 1995 by Watts Humphrey 4]. PSP is an application of the principles of the Capability Maturity Model (CMM, 3]) on the level of an individual software engineer. In contrast to the CMM, however, which allows only for assessment of process quality, the PSP makes concrete methodological and learning suggestions, down to the level of a 15-week course with rather speciic procedural content. The goals of the PSP are that an individual software engineer learns how to accurately estimate, plan, track, and re-plan the time required for individual software development eeorts, how to work according to a well-deened process, how to deene and reene the process, how to use reviews eeectively and ee-ciently for improving software quality and productivity (by nding defects early), how to avoid defects, how to analyze measurement data for improving estimation, defect removal, and defect prevention, how to identify and tackle other kinds of process deeciencies. The main basic techniques used are gathering objective measurement data on many aspects 1
Educating Future School Principals Regarding the Role of Professional School Counselors.

In this study, the effects of an intervention designed to educate future school principals regarding the role of professional school counselors was examined. After a brief face-toface presentation covering the ASCA National Model, future principals rated schedulingregistration, enforcement of school policies and rules, discipline, and administrative duties as less appropriate, and interpreting student records/test results as a more appropriate school counselor activity. Implications of the findings for school counselors and counselor educators are presented.
A SUSTAINABLE URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM: THE "SURFACE METRO" IN CURITIBA, BRAZIL

This analysis examines an innovative approach to transportation policy in Curitiba, Brazil. Curitiba is a city of 1.6 million residents that has grown fourfold in the last 30 years. Unlike many cities, quality of life and transportation has not been a casualty of growth. Curitiba's transportation system actively helps residents obtain the benefits of growth, including access to jobs, homes, recreation, and other elements of the urban community. Curitiba's transportation planning process is practical. It recognizes financial and social constraints. Curitiba began with buses because it had buses. It began with a series of small improvements guided by a long-term plan. It first added a modest express route system with dedicated bus lanes. It sought out ways to improve and extend the system. The result is a surface system that provides the high quality service of well-known underground systems at a much lower capital cost. These low costs mean that mass transit is entirely financed by passenger fares. The present system provides a range of benefits. The systematic approach to urban transportation has reduced travel times and increased convenience. Curitiba's buses now attract more passengers per operating kilometer than in any other Brazilian city. This intensive use occurs even though Curitiba also has one of the highest automobile ownership rates in Brazil. Rider surveys suggest that at least 20% of these new passengers previously used automobiles to commute. With less automobile congestion, the city has replaced several downtown streets with broad pedestrian malls and shopping areas. Reduced traffic appears to result in substantial fuel savings as well as reduced pollutant emissions. Calculations suggest that the reduction in automobile traffic saves 27 million liters of fuel/year.
A Challenging Giant Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans on the Face

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a malignant fibrohistiocytic tumor that appears exclusively on the skin. It is a low-grade malignant soft tissue tumor of subcutaneous tissues that has a propensity for local recurrence but seldom metastasizes. It may rarely occur on the head and neck accounting for less than one percent of total head and neck malignancies. We present a man with a giant DFSP on the face. Oncological, functional, and aesthetic aspects are set forth.
Forms of Address in Clerics’ Communication: A Comparative Study

Forms of address are among the most significant markers of social relations in a society. They are in fact complicated indicators of power relationships and politeness criteria in a community. Having such significance as its source of inspiration, this study investigates the influence of social context, level of intimacy and age of the addressee on the choice of address forms in Iranian clerics' speech community. In other words, the present paper first tries to show how these factors affect subjects' choice between familiar you, /to/, and differential you, /soma/, in Persian. The findings of the study is then compared with those of Keshavarz(2001) to see if clerics speech community show different patterns for using address forms from those of Persian speakers at large. The results of the study indicated that these variables, although influential to some extent, were not noticeably so especially when the findings of this study were compared with those of Keshavarz. In fact, there were noticeable differences between clerics and non-clerics in their pattern of using address forms.
Coordinated Multilevel Buffer Cache Management with Consistent Access Locality Quantification

This paper proposes a protocol for effective coordinated buffer cache management in a multilevel cache hierarchy typical of a client/server system. Currently, such cache hierarchies are managed suboptimally-decisions about block placement and replacement are made locally at each level of the hierarchy without coordination between levels. Though straightforward, this approach has several weaknesses: 1) Blocks may be redundantly cached, reducing the effective total cache size, 2) weakened locality at lower-level caches makes recency-based replacement algorithms such as LRU less effective, and 3) high-level caches cannot effectively identify blocks with strong locality and may place them in low-level caches, The fundamental reason for these weaknesses is that the locality information embedded in the streams of access requests from clients is not consistently analyzed and exploited, resulting in globally nonsystematic, and therefore suboptimal, placement and replacement of cached blocks across the hierarchy. To address this problem, we propose a coordinated multilevel cache management protocol based on consistent access-locality quantification. In this protocol, locality is dynamically quantified at the client level to direct servers to place or replace blocks appropriately at each level of the cache hierarchy. The result is that the block layout in the entirely hierarchy dynamically matches the locality of block accesses. Our simulation experiments on both synthetic and real-life traces show that the protocol effectively ameliorates these caching problems. As anecdotal evidence, our protocol achieves a reduction of block accesses of 11 percent to 71 percent, with an average of 35 percent, over uniLRU, a unified multilevel cache scheme
Selection on plasticity of seasonal life-history traits using random regression mixed model analysis

Theory considers the covariation of seasonal life-history traits as an optimal reaction norm, implying that deviating from this reaction norm reduces fitness. However, the estimation of reaction-norm properties (i.e., elevation, linear slope, and higher order slope terms) and the selection on these is statistically challenging. We here advocate the use of random regression mixed models to estimate reaction-norm properties and the use of bivariate random regression to estimate selection on these properties within a single model. We illustrate the approach by random regression mixed models on 1115 observations of clutch sizes and laying dates of 361 female Ural owl Strix uralensis collected over 31 years to show that (1) there is variation across individuals in the slope of their clutch size–laying date relationship, and that (2) there is selection on the slope of the reaction norm between these two traits. Hence, natural selection potentially drives the negative covariance in clutch size and laying date in this species. The random-regression approach is hampered by inability to estimate nonlinear selection, but avoids a number of disadvantages (stats-on-stats, connecting reaction-norm properties to fitness). The approach is of value in describing and studying selection on behavioral reaction norms (behavioral syndromes) or life-history reaction norms. The approach can also be extended to consider the genetic underpinning of reaction-norm properties.
"our Government is in Bwa kayiman:" a Vodou ceremony in 1791 and its contemporary Significations

Stockholm REVIEW oF latIn amERIcan StudIES Issue no. 4, march 2009 73 La religión haitiana del vodú ha evolucionado paralelamente con el estado-nación haitiano. Las interpretaciones locales de una relación estrecha entre la identidad nacional y el vodú están también presentes en otras religiones afroamericanas. Este artículo investiga las representaciones del papel del vodú durante la Revolución de esclavos que tuvo como resultado la declaración de independencia de Haití en 1804. Como ejemplo se puede tomar la ceremonia que supuestamente tuvo lugar en el bosque del Caimán, en el norte de Haití, en 1791. El artículo investiga también los usos y las repercusiones contemporáneos de la historiografía del vodú y la Revolución, así como sus consecuencias para dicha religión.
Induction of Metamorphosis in the Marine Gastropod Ilyanassa Obsoleta: 5HT, No and Programmed Cell Death

The central nervous system (CNS) of a metamorphically competent larva of the caenogastropod Ilyanassa obsoleta contains a medial, unpaired apical ganglion (AG) of approximately 25 neurons that lies above the commissure connecting the paired cerebral ganglia. The AG, also known as the cephalic or apical sensory organ (ASO), contains numerous sensory neurons and innervates the ciliated velar lobes, the larval swimming and feeding structures. Before metamorphosis, the AG contains 5 serotonergic neurons and exogenous serotonin can induce metamorphosis in competent larvae. The AG appears to be a purely larval structure as it disappears within 3 days of metamorphic induction. In competent larvae, most neurons of the AG display nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like immunoreactivity and inhibition of NOS activity can induce larval metamorphose. Because nitric oxide (NO) can prevent cells from undergoing apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death (PCD), we hypothesize that inhibition of NOS activity triggers the loss of the AG at the beginning of the metamorphic process. Within 24 hours of metamorphic induction, cellular changes that are typical of the early stages of PCD are visible in histological sections and results of a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay in metamorphosing larvae show AG nuclei containing fragmented DNA, supporting our hypothesis.
Expressive modular fine-grained concurrency specification

Compared to coarse-grained external synchronization of operations on data structures shared between concurrent threads, fine-grained, internal synchronization can offer stronger progress guarantees and better performance. However, fully specifying operations that perform internal synchronization modularly is a hard, open problem. The state of the art approaches, based on linearizability or on concurrent abstract predicates, have important limitations on the expressiveness of specifications. Linearizability does not support ownership transfer, and the concurrent abstract predicates-based specification approach requires hardcoding a particular usage protocol. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that lifts these limitations and enables fully general specification of fine-grained concurrent data structures. The basic idea is that clients pass the ghost code required to instantiate an operation's specification for a specific client scenario into the operation in a simple form of higher-order programming. We machine-checked the theory of the paper using the Coq proof assistant. Furthermore, we implemented the approach in our program verifier VeriFast and used it to verify two challenging fine-grained concurrent data structures from the literature: a multiple-compare-and-swap algorithm and a lock-coupling list.