Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Far-Infrared and Submillimeter Emission from Galactic and Extragalactic Photodissociation Regions

Photodissociation region (PDR) models are computed over a wide range of physical conditions, from those appropriate to giant molecular clouds illuminated by the interstellar radiation field to the conditions experienced by circumstellar disks very close to hot massive stars. These models use the most up-to-date values of atomic and molecular data, the most current chemical rate coefficients, and the newest grain photoelectric heating rates, which include treatments of small grains and large molecules. In addition, we examine the effects of metallicity and cloud extinction on the predicted line intensities. Results are presented for PDR models with densities over the range n = 101-107 cm-3 and for incident far-ultraviolet radiation fields over the range G0 = 10-0.5-106.5 (where G0 is the far-ultravioliet [FUV] flux in units of the local interstellar value), for metallicities Z = 1 and 0.1 times the local Galactic value, and for a range of PDR cloud sizes. We present line strength and/or line ratio plots for a variety of useful PDR diagnostics: [C II] 158 μm, [O I] 63 μm and 145 μm, [C I] 370 μm and 609 μm, CO J = 1-0, J = 2-1, J = 3-2, J = 6-5, and J = 15-14, as well as the strength of the far-infrared continuum. These plots will be useful for the interpretation of Galactic and extragalactic far-infrared and submillimeter spectra observable with the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO), the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, the Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite, the Far Infrared and Submillimeter Telescope, and other orbital and suborbital platforms. As examples, we apply our results to ISO and ground-based observations of M82, NGC 278, and the Large Magellanic Cloud. Our comparison of the conditions in M82 and NGC 278 show that both the gas density and FUV flux are enhanced in the starburst nucleus of M82 compared with those in the normal spiral NGC 278. We model the high [C II]/CO ratio observed in the 30 Doradus region of the LMC and find that it can be explained either by lowering the average extinction through molecular clouds or by enhancing the density contrast between the atomic layers of PDRs and the CO-emitting cloud cores. The ratio L[CO]/M[H2] implied by the low extinction model gives cloud masses too high for gravitational stability. We therefore rule out low-extinction clouds as an explanation for the high [C II]/CO ratio and instead appeal to density contrast in AV = 10 clouds.
Prevalence of Osteoporosis and Its Risk Factors in Men with COPD in Qazvin

Introduction. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Proper diagnosis of osteoporosis as a systemic adverse effect of COPD is of significant importance. The present study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of osteoporosis and its risk factors in men suffering from COPD in Qazvin (2014). Methods. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 90 patients with COPD using random sampling. Anthropometric data and results from physical examination were collected. Pulmonary function test and bone mineral densitometry were done for all participants as well. Results. The prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in COPD patients was 31.5 and 52.8 percent, respectively. Bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck was associated significantly with body mass index (BMI), increased severity of COPD, and use of oral corticosteroid (P < 0.05). Conclusion. The results showed that patients' BMI and severity of COPD are two valuable risk factors for osteoporosis screening in COPD patients.
[Transurethral resection of the prostate in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) represents a method of choice in surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate TURP mortality and morbidity rates. PATIENTS AND METHODS In 1998 184 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) indicating the presence of BPH underwent one of the following surgeries: TURP 149 (81%), transurethral incision of the prostate 19 (10.3%), and open surgery (suprapubic transvesical prostatectomy) 16 (8.7%). From the group of 149 patients treated by TURP the following patients were withdrawn from the study: 7 (4.7%) patients with a finding of incidental carcinoma of the prostate and 14 (9.4%) patients who did not attend the postoperative follow-ups. RESULTS 64 (50%) patients were treated for LUTS syndrome before TURP. TURP was applied in 69 (53.9%) cases for absolute indications. During the surgery and within one year after it, no mortality was recorded. Complications during the surgery were present in 13 (10.2%) patients, and within 24 h after the surgery in 38 (29.7%) patients. Early postoperative complications (up to 4 postoperative weeks) were recorded in 49 (38.3%) patients. Late postoperative complications within 3 month after the surgery occurred in 16 (12.5%) patients, within 6 months in 17 (13.3%) patients, and after 12 months in 17 (13.3%) patients. CONCLUSIONS Although complications occur almost in 58% of patients, TURP still represents the standard treatment of LUTS indicating the presence of BPH. (Tab. 5, Fig. 2, Ref. 15.).
Combining State-Level Spotting and Posterior-Based Acoustic Match for Improved Query-by-Example Spoken Term Detection

In spoken term detection (STD) systems, automatic speech recognition (ASR) frontend is often employed for its reasonable accuracy and efficiency. However, out-of-vocabulary (OOV) problem at ASR stage has a great impact on the STD performance for spoken query. In this paper, we propose combining feature-based acoustic match which is often employed in the STD systems for low resource languages, along with the other ASR-derived features. First, automatic transcripts for spoken document and spoken query are decomposed into corresponding acoustic model state sequences and used for spotting plausible speech segments. Second, DTW-based acoustic match between the query and candidate segment is performed using the posterior features derived from a monophone-state DNN. Finally, an integrated score is obtained by a logistic regression model, which is trained with a large spoken document and automatically generated spoken queries as development data. The experimental results on NTCIR-12 SpokenQuery&Doc-2 task showed that the proposed method significantly outperforms the baseline systems which use the subword-level or state-level spotting alone. Also, our universal scoring model trained with a separate set of development data could achieve the best STD performance, and showed the effectiveness of additional ASRderived features regarding the confidence measure and query length.
Biomechanical analysis to determine the external power output on an immersible ergocycle

Abstract The external power output (Pext) is unknown during chest-level immersion exercise on water immersible ergocycles (IE). This knowledge will allow the practitioner to prescribe accurately exercise on an IE to the same workload on dryland ergocycle (DE). To develop a mathematical model to calculate Pext during chest-level immersion exercise on IE at different pedalling rates (rpm) taking into account the water external force exerted on the legs and pedalling mechanism. Thirty healthy participants (age: 33 ± 10 years) performed a maximal incremental exercise test on IE (chest-level immersion) and on a DE. Pedalling rate was increased by 10 rpm every minute beginning at 40 till 120 rpm. Pext was calculated by applying the general fluid equation on all elements exposed to water external force exertions (legs and pedalling system). Regression analysis yielded the following equations to determine (1) IE Pext (W) based on pedalling rate (rpm): Pext (W) = 0.0004 (rpm)2.993 (r2 = 0.99, SEE = 7.6 W, p < 0.0001) and (2) when DE Pext (W) is known, IE pedalling rate (rpm) = 13.91 × DE Pext (W)0.329 (r2 = 0.99, SEE = 1.5 W, p < 0.0001). This study provides a mathematical model based on the general fluid equation to calculate IE Pext during chest-level immersion exercise using pedalling rate (rpm), IE pedalling system physical characteristics and lower limb size. This model can be used to determine Pext for any IE type for exercise training prescription.
Monitoring Psychotherapy With Performance-Based Measures of Personality Functioning

In this commentary, I review a meta-analysis and three original research reports concerning the Rorschach (Exner, 2003; Rorschach, 1921/1942) and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT; Murray, 1943) assessment in psychological treatment planning and outcome evaluation. The information in these four articles bears witness to the potential utility of performance-based personality assessment measures for this purpose. The strengths and limitations of the articles suggest several guidelines for future research designed to examine this Rorschach and TAT application including an emphasis on effectiveness studies, longitudinal data, integrated independent variables, observable dependent variables, sophisticated data analysis combining nomothetic and idiographic presentation, and the incremental contribution of performance-based measures to psychotherapy-related personality assessment.
Size and Ionic Currents of Unexcitable Cells Coupled to Cardiomyocytes Distinctly Modulate Cardiac Action Potential Shape and Pacemaking Activity in Micropatterned Cell Pairs

Background— Cardiac cell therapies can yield electric coupling of unexcitable donor cells to host cardiomyocytes with functional consequences that remain unexplored. Methods and Results— We micropatterned cell pairs consisting of a neonatal rat ventricular myocyte (NRVM) coupled to an engineered human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cell expressing either connexin-43 (Cx43 HEK) or inward rectifier potassium channel 2.1 (Kir2.1) and Cx43 (Kir2.1+Cx43 HEK). The NRVM–HEK contact length was fixed yielding a coupling strength of 68.9±9.7 nS, whereas HEK size was systematically varied. With increase in Cx43 HEK size, NRVM maximal diastolic potential was reduced from −71.7±0.6 mV in single NRVMs to −35.1±1.3 mV in pairs with an HEK:NRVM cell surface area ratio of 1.7±0.1, whereas the action potential upstroke ([dV m/dt]max) and duration decreased to 1.6±0.7% and increased to 177±32% in single NRVM values, respectively (n=21 cell pairs). Pacemaking occurred in all NRVM–Cx43 HEK pairs with cell surface area ratios of 1.1 to 1.9. In contrast, NRVMs, coupled with Kir2.1+Cx43 HEKs of increasing size, had similar maximal diastolic potentials, exhibited no spontaneous activity, and showed a gradual decrease in action potential duration (n=23). Furthermore, coupling single NRVMs to a dynamic clamp model of HEK cell ionic current reproduced the cardiac maximal diastolic potentials and pacemaking rates recorded in cell pairs, whereas reproducing changes in (dV m/dt)max and action potential duration required coupling to an HEK model that also included cell membrane capacitance. Conclusions— Size and ionic currents of unexcitable cells electrically coupled to cardiomyocytes distinctly affect cardiac action potential shape and initiation with important implications for the safety of cardiac cell and gene therapies.
The Demographic Basis of Population Regulation in Columbian Ground Squirrels

Environmental factors influence the dynamics and regulation of biological populations through their influences on demographic variables, but demographic mechanisms of population regulation have received little attention. We investigated the demographic basis of regulation of Columbian ground squirrel (Spermophilus columbianus) populations under natural and experimentally food‐supplemented conditions. Food supplementation caused substantial increases in population density, and population densities returned to pretreatment levels when the supplementation ended. Control (untreated) populations remained relatively stable throughout the study period (1981–1986). Because food resources regulated the size of the ground squirrel populations, we used life‐table response experiment (LTRE) analyses to examine the demographic basis of changes in population growth rate and thus also demographic influences on population regulation. LTRE analyses of two foodmanipulated populations revealed that changes in age at maturity and fertility rate of females generally made the largest contributions to observed changes in population growth rate. Thus, our results suggested that abundance of food resources regulated the size of our study populations through the effects of food resources on age at maturity and fertility rates. Our results also indicated that different demographic mechanisms can underlie population regulation under different environmental conditions, because lower juvenile survival substantially contributed to population decline, but in only one of the populations. Demographic analyses of experimental data, such as those presented here, offer a rigorous and unambiguous means to elucidate the demographic basis of population regulation and to help identify environmental factors that underlie dynamics and regulation of biological populations.
Validation of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool in Critically Ill Patients With Delirium: A Prospective Cohort Study

ObjectivesThe 2013 clinical practice guidelines for the management of pain, agitation, and delirium in adult patients in the ICU suggest that pain be routinely assessed using a validated pain assessment tool. Currently available tools have only been evaluated in nondelirious critically ill patients, yet delirium can affect as many as 80% of ICU patients. The validated pain assessment tool adopted by our institution is the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool, and the objective of this study was to investigate the validity of this tool in patients with evidence of delirium. Design:Prospective cohort study. Setting:Two ICUs within a Canadian tertiary healthcare center. Patients:Forty consecutive adult patients deemed delirious on the day of enrollment using the Confusion Assessment Method for ICU. Measurements and Main Results:Serial Critical Care Pain Observation Tool assessments were conducted simultaneously by study personnel and objective nurses at baseline and after nonpainful and painful stimuli. Subjective opinions about pain and objective physical variables (including mean arterial pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation) were collected at the same time points. Discriminant validity was described using paired t tests, whereas internal consistency was described using the Cronbach &agr; statistic. Responsiveness of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool was measured by effect size, and reliability was described as the agreement between raters. Comparisons between the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool and the subjective assessments and objective measurements were based on positive and negative percent agreement. Critical Care Pain Observation Tool demonstrated excellent discriminant validity as evidenced by a highly statistically and clinically significant change in mean Critical Care Pain Observation Tool scores between baseline and painful procedures (mean difference, 3.13 ± 1.56; p < 0.001; Cohen D, 2.0). Interrater agreement was also excellent (&kgr; > 0.6), and scores between raters were highly correlated (r = 0.957). The Critical Care Pain Observation Tool possessed a high level of internal consistency (overall Cronbach &agr;, 0.778). Percent agreement was found to be greater between the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool and the nurse’s subjective opinion of the presence or absence of pain when compared with that between the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool and physiologic variables (80.5% vs 67.5%, respectively). Conclusions:The Critical Care Pain Observation Tool is a valid pain assessment tool in noncomatose, delirious adult ICU patients who are unable to reliably self-report the presence or absence of pain.
Genotypic Analysis of Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus from Patients with Kaposi’s Sarcoma in Xinjiang, China

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causal agent of all forms of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), including AIDS-KS, endemic KS, classic KS and iatrogenic KS. Based on Open reading frame (ORF) K1 sequence analysis, KSHV has been classified into seven major molecular subtypes (A, B, C, D, E, F and Z). The distribution of KSHV strains varies according to geography and ethnicity. Xinjiang is a unique region where the seroprevalence of KSHV is significantly higher than other parts of China. The genotyping of KSHV strains in this region has not been thoroughly studied. The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of KSHV genotypes isolated from KS tissues in Classical KS and AIDS KS patients from Xinjiang, China. ORF-K1 of KSHV from tissue samples of 28 KS patients was amplified and sequenced. Two subtypes of KSHV were identified according to K1 genotyping. Twenty-three of them belonged to subtype A, while five of them were subtype C. More genotype A than genotype C strains were found in both Classical KS and AIDS KS. No significant difference was found in the prevalence of different genotype between Classical KS and AIDS KS.
Cell Transplantation as a Pain Therapy Targets Both Analgesia and Neural Repair

Cell transplantation is a potentially powerful approach for the alleviation of chronic pain. The strategy of cell transplantation for the treatment of pain is focused on cell-based analgesia and neural repair. (1) Adrenal medullary chromaffin cells and the PC12 cell line have been used to treat cancer pain and neuropathic pain in both animal models and human cases. As biological or living minipumps, these cells produce and secrete pain-reducing neuroactive substances if administered directly into the spinal subarachnoid space. (2) Cell implantation for pain neurorestorative therapy is a new concept and an emerging research field for pain control along with neural repair. Possible neurorestorative mechanisms include neuroprotective, neurotrophic, neuroreparative, neuroregenerative, neuromodulation, or neuroconstructive interventions, as well as immunomodulation and enhancing the microcirculation. These factors may ultimately restore the damaged or irritated condition of the lesioned nerves. The growing preclinical and clinical data show that neural stem/progenitor cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, and CD34+ cells have the capacity to manage intractable pain and improve neurological functions. Cell delivery routes include local, intrathecal, or intravascular implants. Although these strategies are still in their infancy phase for pain neurorestoratology, cell-based therapies could open up new avenues for the relief of pain. In this review, these aspects are critically analyzed based on our own investigations. This manuscript is published as part of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) supplement issue of Cell Transplantation.
The development of kaupapa Maori : theory and praxis

: This thesis examines educational and schooling resistance initiatives of 'Kaupapa Maori' which have emerged in the New Zealand context.Of significance in this work is the central organising concept of 'Kaupapa Maori' which has developed from within organic community contexts in response to the reproduction of state: dominant: Pakeha interests both 'within' and 'through' schooling and education. The arguments in this thesis position 'Kaupapa Maori' as a theory and transformative praxis and suggests that these new formations of resistance mark a significant shift within Maori transformative strategies. While these arguments are generally situated within the broad field of critical theory, they are also concerned with contested, multiple relations of power. In the New Zealand context these complex relations can be represented as a struggle between 'dominant: Pakeha: state interests and subordinate(d): Maori: iwi interests'. Gramsci's notions of 'intellectuals', 'hegemony' and 'war of position' provide key insights which are used in this thesis to develop arguments around the making of intellectual space for 'Kaupapa Maori'. This work develops critical insights into 'what counts' as meaningful educational transformation for Maori. Beyond this, it also provides critical interrogation of the notions of conscientisation, resistance and transformative praxis; it invokes 'war of position' in developing educational resistance against dominant: state: Pakeha interests; it argues for the notion of 'utopian' idealism within emancipatory practice; it tests critical theory understandings against the practical circumstances derived from the lived experience of Maori; finally this thesis repositions
The Two-Step Flow of Communication: An Up-To-Date Report on an Hypothesis

The hypothesis that "ideas often flow from radio and print to opinion leaders and from these to the less active sections of the population" has been tested in several successive studies. Each study has attempted a different solution to the problem of how to take account of interpersonal relations in the traditional design of survey research. As a result, the original hypothesis is largely corroborated and considerably refined. A former staff member of the Bureau of Applied Social Research at Columbia University, the author is now on leave from his post as assistant professor of sociology at the University of Chicago and is currently guest lecturer in sociology at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. A NALYSIS OF THE PROCESS of decision-making during the course of an election campaign led the authors of The People's Choice to suggest that the flow of mass communications may be less direct than was commonly supposed. It may be, they proposed, that influences stemming from the mass media first reach "opinion leaders" who, in turn, pass on what they read and hear to those of their every-day associates for whom they are influential. This hypothesis was called "the two-step flow of communication. "1 The hypothesis aroused considerable interest. The authors themselves were intrigued by its implications for democratic society. It was a healthy sign, they felt, that people were still most successfully persuaded by give-andtake with other people and that the influence of the mass media was less automatic and less potent than had been assumed. For social theory, and for the design of communications research, the hypothesis suggested that the image of modern urban society needed revision. The image of the audience as a mass of disconnected individuals hooked up to the media but not to each other could not be reconciled with the idea of a two-step flow of communication implying, as it did, networks of interconnected individuals through which mass communications are channeled.
Brain mechanisms of executive control: Event-related potentials and oscillations in schizophrenic patients and healthy controls during task-switching

El text dels capitols "Study II" i "Study III" ha estat retirat seguint instruccions de l’autora de la tesi, en existir participacio d’empreses, existir conveni de confidencialitat o existeix la possibilitat de generar patents / El texto de los capitulos "Study II" y "Study III" ha sido retirado siguiendo instrucciones de la autora, al existir participacion de empresas, convenio de confidencialidad o la posibilidad de generar patentes / The text of chapters "Study II" and "Study III" has been withdrawn on the instructions of the author, as there is participation of undertakings, confidentiality agreement or the ability to generate patent