Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HIV Seroconversion During Pregnancy and Risk for Mother‐to‐Infant Transmission

Summary: Pregnant women infected with HIV‐1 were enrolled in a prospective mother‐to‐infant transmission study from 1992 through 1994 in Bangkok. In participating hospitals, voluntary HIV testing was routinely offered at the beginning of antenatal care and again in the middle of the third trimester of pregnancy. Women who seroconverted to HIV during pregnancy were compared with women who had tested positive on their first antenatal test. Maternal HIV RNA levels were determined during pregnancy, at delivery, and postpartum using RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and infection status in infants was determined by DNA PCR. No infants were breastfed, but prophylactic antiretroviral therapy was not yet used in Thailand to prevent transmission from mother to infant. Among enrolled women, 16 who seroconverted during pregnancy and 279 who were HIV‐1‐seropositive at their first antenatal test gave birth. Median plasma RNA levels at delivery were similar for the two groups (17,505 and 20,845 copies/ml, respectively; p = .8). Two (13.3%) of 15 infants born to women who seroconverted and 66 (24.8%) of 266 infants born to previously HIVseropositive women were infected with HIV (p = .5). There was no increased risk for mother‐to‐infant HIV transmission and no significant difference in viral load at delivery between HIV‐infected women who seroconverted to HIV during pregnancy and those who were HIV‐seropositive when first tested.
Bombieri-Vinogradov Type Theorem for Sparse Sets of Moduli

In this paper, we establish theorems of Bombieri-Vinogradov type and Barban-Davenport-Halberstam type for sparse sets of moduli. As an application, we prove that there exist infinitely many primes of the form $p=am^2+1$ such that $a\leq p^{5/9+\epsilon}$.
Re-evaluation of liver stem/progenitor cells

Liver stem/progenitor cells (LPCs) are defined as cells that supply two types of liver epithelial cells, hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, during development, cellular turnover, and regeneration. Hepatoblasts, which are fetal LPCs derived from endoderm stem cells, robustly proliferate and differentiate into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes during fetal life. Between mid-gestation and the neonatal period, some cholangiocytes function as LPCs. Although LPCs in adult livers can be enriched in cells positive for cholangiocyte markers, their tissue localization and functions in cellular turnover remain obscure. On the other hand, it is well known that liver regeneration under conditions suppressing hepatocyte proliferation is supported by LPCs, though their origin has not been clearly identified. Recently many groups took advantage of new techniques including prospective isolation of LPCs by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and genetic lineage tracing to facilitate our understanding of epithelial supply in normal and injured livers. Those works suggest that, in normal livers, the turnover of hepatocytes mostly depends on duplication of hepatocytes. It is also demonstrated that liver epithelial cells as well as LPCs have great plasticity and flexible differentiation capability to respond to various types of injuries by protecting or repairing liver tissues.
On the Specification of Mincerian Wage Regressions with Heterogeneity, Non-Linearity, Non-Separability, and Heteroskedasticity

Using panel data taken from the NLSY, I perform the joint estimation of i) a reduced-form dynamic model of the transition from one grade level to the next with observed and unobserved heterogeneity, and ii) a flexible version of the celebrated Mincerian wage regression with skill heterogeneity, non-linearity in schooling, non-separability between the effects of schooling and experience and heteroskedasticity (after conditioning on unobserved skills). The model rejects all simplifying assumptions common in the empirical literature. In particular, the log wage regression is highly convex, even after conditioning on unobserved and observed skills. Skill heterogeneity is also found to be over-estimated when non-linearity is ignored. After conditioning on skill heterogeneity, schooling has a causal effect on wage growth. I find that estimates obtained in a standard framework (assuming separability) may underestimate the returns to schooling upon labor market entrance by as much as 15%. Finally, I find that the variance of the stochastic wage shock decreases with accumulated experience but is more or less independent of schooling.
Stepping into my shoes: generativity as a mediator of the relationship between business owners' age and family succession

ABSTRACT The authors investigated generativity – the concern in establishing and guiding the next generation – as a mediator of the relationship between family business owners' age and succession in family businesses. Data came from 155 family business owners in Germany from different industries between the ages of 26 and 83 years. Results showed that age was positively related to generativity, and that generativity, in turn, positively influenced an objective measure of family succession. Generativity fully mediated the positive relationship between age and family succession. The findings suggest that generativity is an important psycho-social construct for understanding ageing, careers and succession in family business settings.
Global Flows of Foreign Talent: Identity Anxieties in Singapore's Ethnoscape

This paper draws on Appadurai's (1996) concept of ethnoscapes — the global flow of people or what has become increasingly popularized as the global flow of talent. Singapore has initiated a foreign talent policy to compete for a global pool of talent to make up for its shortfall of indigenous work-force. The rationale for recruiting foreign talent is informed by a nationalist competitive ideology to sustain Singapore in the new knowledge-based economy. This paper examines the competing and dissenting discourses surrounding the foreign talent policy. It argues that the mobility of migratory flow has transformative and disruptive effects at the level of culture and the identity landscape of Singapore, where its discursive cultural boundaries are drawn according to a nationalist framework. Drawing on theories and concepts of "diaspora", "hybridity", and "third space", these are the political and cultural issues that this paper attempts to tease out.
The strict-sense nonblocking elastic optical switch

In this paper, we address the problem of the strict-sense nonblocking operation of an elastic optical switch. Elastic optical switches are used as nodes in elastic optical networks (EONs), where fine granular frequency slots or flexible grids are used in opposite to the traditional optical networks, where fixed grids are used. The switch architecture considered in this paper consists of waveband converting switches in input and output stages, while in the center stage there is only one wavelength selective space switch without wavelength conversion capabilities. We derive the number of frequency channels k needed in interstage links to ensure the nonblocking operation of the switch when input and output links have n frequency channels and a frequency slot of one connection is not greater than m frequency channels. Both, necessity and sufficient conditions are proved.
Decomposition and Enumeration of Triangulated Surfaces

We describe some theoretical results on triangulations of surfaces and we develop a theory on roots, decompositions, and genus surfaces. We apply this theory to describe an algorithm to list all triangulations of closed surfaces with at most a fixed number of vertices. We specialize the theory to the case that the number of vertices is at most 11, and we obtain theoretical restrictions on genus surfaces, allowing us to obtain a list of all triangulations of closed surfaces with at most 11 vertices.
Development and Evaluation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Raloxifene Hydrochloride for Enhanced Bioavailability

Raloxifene hydrochloride (RL-HCL) is an orally selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) with poor bioavailability of nearly 2% due to its poor aqueous solubility and extensive first pass metabolism. In order to improve the oral bioavailability of raloxifene, raloxifene loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) have been developed using Compritol 888 ATO as lipid carrier and Pluronic F68 as surfactant. Raloxifene loaded SLN were prepared by solvent emulsification/evaporation method, and different concentrations of surfactant, and homogenization speed were taken as process variables for optimization. SLN were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, surface morphology, and crystallinity of lipid and drug. In vitro drug release studies were performed in phosphate buffer of pH 6.8 using dialysis bag diffusion technique. Particle sizes of all the formulations were in the range of 250 to 1406 nm, and the entrapment efficiency ranges from 55 to 66%. FTIR and DSC studies indicated no interaction between drug and lipid, and the XRD spectrum showed that RL-HCL is in amorphous form in the formulation. In vitro release profiles were biphasic in nature and followed Higuchi model of release kinetics. Pharmacokinetics of raloxifene loaded solid lipid nanoparticles after oral administration to Wistar rats was studied. Bioavailability of RL-HCL loaded SLN was nearly five times than that of pure RL-HCL.
Desiring to Fit: Fostering the Success of Community College Transfer Students in STEM

The United States is experiencing a dire need for individuals who possess training and expertise in areas of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). With over half of the nation’s students entering university environments via community colleges coupled with a large portion of this population majoring in STEM areas, the successful transition and adjustment of community college transfer students is essential to the STEM workforce. This article uses an ex post facto survey research design to examine the socialization factors that impact the transition and adjustment experiences of community college transfer students in STEM disciplines. Two hierarchical regression models are employed to examine the factors that impact the academic and social adjustment of community college transfer students in STEM majors. This research was situated using an adaptation of Weidman’s (1987) Socialization Theoretical Framework. Implications, and recommendations for policy and practice will be provided based on the overall results of this study.
Learning a model of facial shape and expression from 4D scans

The field of 3D face modeling has a large gap between high-end and low-end methods. At the high end, the best facial animation is indistinguishable from real humans, but this comes at the cost of extensive manual labor. At the low end, face capture from consumer depth sensors relies on 3D face models that are not expressive enough to capture the variability in natural facial shape and expression. We seek a middle ground by learning a facial model from thousands of accurately aligned 3D scans. Our FLAME model (Faces Learned with an Articulated Model and Expressions) is designed to work with existing graphics software and be easy to fit to data. FLAME uses a linear shape space trained from 3800 scans of human heads. FLAME combines this linear shape space with an articulated jaw, neck, and eyeballs, pose-dependent corrective blendshapes, and additional global expression blendshapes. The pose and expression dependent articulations are learned from 4D face sequences in the D3DFACS dataset along with additional 4D sequences. We accurately register a template mesh to the scan sequences and make the D3DFACS registrations available for research purposes. In total the model is trained from over 33, 000 scans. FLAME is low-dimensional but more expressive than the FaceWarehouse model and the Basel Face Model. We compare FLAME to these models by fitting them to static 3D scans and 4D sequences using the same optimization method. FLAME is significantly more accurate and is available for research purposes (http://flame.is.tue.mpg.de).
Geographical Scale, the ‘Feel‐Good Factor’ and Voting at the 1997 General Election in England and Wales

Many analysts associate voting patterns in Great Britain with electors' evaluations of the state of the economy, whereby those who think it has improved recently are likely to vote for the government's return to power, whereas those who think it has worsened are more likely to vote for an opposition party. Most of these studies consider the national economy only, but data derived from the 1997 British Election Study cross–sectional survey show strong relationships between votes and evaluations of recent changes in the electors' (self-defined) home areas. This paper relates those evaluations, and the resultant voting patterns, to the ‘objective circumstances’ in the respondents' home areas, using unemployment rates as an indicator of local economic well-being. Using specially devised data for ‘bespoke neighbourhoods’ around each respondent's home, we show that the probability of a vote against the government was a function of both ‘objective conditions’ and ‘subjective evaluations’, and that there were significant scale effects in this: people apparently reacted to very local variations when making their voting decisions.
A South Indian Subcaste: Social Organization and Religion of the Pramalai Kallar

This is the first English translation of the classic work by Louis Dumont, one of the premier anthropologists and social theorists of his generation. Dumont traces the history and distribution of the Pramalai Kallars of south India: their culture, agricultural practices, economic and political organization, and the collective representations embedded in their social organization and religion. This work is particularly noteworthy as a structuralist ethnography and as the first step in Dumont's construction of a comprehensive structuralist theory of traditional Indian society.
Interaction between voriconazole and flucloxacillin during treatment of disseminated Scedosporium apiospermum infection.

peak levels. Finally, the meropenem peak level during the second period of CytoSorb use was substantially lower than the peak level before use. The observed substantially lower linezolid peak levels during CytoSorb use might be due to adsorption by the cytokine filter. Indeed, different endogenous substances, apart from cytokines, are reported to be adsorbed by cytokine filters. Adsorption would also explain the lower peak level of meropenem during the second use of CytoSorb. However, blood samples were not collected at optimal timepoints for meropenem; hence, the information for this antibiotic is limited. It should be mentioned that the high intra-individual variability observed for both antibiotics might also be due to the effects of critical illness. However, because of the possible adsorption of antibiotics by cytokine filters, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) might be especially important for patients using such systems. Indeed, first guidelines already recommended the use of TDM in critically ill patients. If TDM is not available, high loading doses or shorter intervals between antibiotic administrations could be used to achieve adequate antibiotic levels. The results suggest that further studies are needed to understand the impact of cytokine filters on the concentrations of different antimicrobials.
ModuleBlast: identifying activated sub-networks within and across species

Identifying conserved and divergent response patterns in gene networks is becoming increasingly important. A common approach is integrating expression information with gene association networks in order to find groups of connected genes that are activated or repressed. In many cases, researchers are also interested in comparisons across species (or conditions). Finding an active sub-network is a hard problem and applying it across species requires further considerations (e.g. orthology information, expression data and networks from different sources). To address these challenges we devised ModuleBlast, which uses both expression and network topology to search for highly relevant sub-networks. We have applied ModuleBlast to expression and interaction data from mouse, macaque and human to study immune response and aging. The immune response analysis identified several relevant modules, consistent with recent findings on apoptosis and NFκB activation following infection. Temporal analysis of these data revealed cascades of modules that are dynamically activated within and across species. We have experimentally validated some of the novel hypotheses resulting from the analysis of the ModuleBlast results leading to new insights into the mechanisms used by a key mammalian aging protein.
Heart and Neural Crest Derivatives Expressed Transcript 2 (HAND2): A Novel Biomarker for the Identification of Atypical Hyperplasia and Type I Endometrial Carcinoma

Progesterone inhibits the proliferative growth effects of estrogen in the endometrium and prevents the development of endometrial hyperplasia and Type I adenocarcinoma. The exact mechanism of this action is unknown. The progesterone-induced helix-loop-helix transcription factor Heart and Neural Crest Derivatives Expressed 2 (Hand2) was recently shown to suppress production of growth factors in the endometrium. In Hand2 knockout mice, continuous proliferation of the endometrium was observed. In this study, archival paraffin-embedded tissue from 56 hysterectomy specimens was examined by immunohistochemistry for the expression and localization of Hand2, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Ki-67. Diagnoses included disordered proliferative endometrium, simple and complex hyperplasia with or without atypia, and endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Hand2 expression is localized to endometrial stromal nuclei. In benign endometrium, Hand2 expression was moderate to strong (10/11; 91%), with weak Hand2 expression in only 1 case (1/11; 9%). Similar Hand2 expression patterns were observed in disordered proliferative endometrium and simple hyperplasia without atypia, with moderate to strong expression in 91% of cases (10/11) and weak expression in 9% of cases (1/11). In contrast, simple and complex hyperplasia with atypia exhibited moderate to strong Hand2 expression in 8% of cases (1/12) and a loss of expression or weak expression in 92% of cases (11/12). In endometrioid adenocarcinomas, Hand2 expression was absent in all cases (22/22). Hand2 is expressed in the stroma of benign endometrium, but expression is significantly reduced or lost in atypical hyperplasia and endometrioid carcinoma. Thus, the absence of Hand2 expression may be a useful biomarker for atypical hyperplasia and endometrioid carcinoma.
Experiential learning, Cases, and Simulations in Business Communication

The inclusion of cases and simulations in our curricula may reflect a funda mental paradigm shift in American higher education. Now, colleges must do more than instruct; they must also prove that learning takes place. While the movement toward experiential learning has grown, surprisingly little mention has been made in the literature of the need to ground the use of cases and simulations in experiential learning theory. A basic understanding of the experiential learning process and the nature of cases and simulations as expe riential activities will help instructors of business communication develop, evaluate, and use these tools more effectively.
When is Homework Worth the Time?: Evaluating the Association Between Homework and Achievement in High School Science and Math

Even with the history of debate over the merits of homework, there are significant gaps in the research record regarding its benefit to students. The focus of this study is on the association between time spent on homework and academic performance in science and math by assessing survey and transcript data from two nationally representative samples of high school students collected in 1990 and 2002. Using multiple linear regressions and controlling for students’ background, motivation, and prior achievement, we investigated how much variance in science and math course grades and achievement test scores could be explained by time spent on homework in those classes. The results indicate that there is no consistent significant relationship between time spent on homework and grades, but a consistently positive significant relationship between homework and performance on standardized exams.
Green's relations and their generalizations on semigroups

Green’s relations and their generalizations on semigroups are useful in studying regular semigroups and their generalizations. In this paper, we first give a brief survey of this topic. We then give some examples to illustrate some special properties of generalized Green’s relations which are related to completely regular semigroups and abundant semigroups. ∗The research of the third author is partially supported by a NSF grant, China #10871161.
Intercarrier interference cancellation of OFDM for time-varying channels

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is the projected modulation of choice for fourth-generation broadband multimedia wireless systems. However, for mobile applications, channel variations during one OFDM symbol introduce intercarrier interference (ICI), which degrades the performance. This gets more severe as mobile speed, carrier frequency or OFDM symbol duration increases. In this paper, we first analyze the ICI caused by time-variant channel in terms of the complex weighting coefficients, which give the contribution of each transmitter subcarrier to each demodulated subcarrier. Then, we propose a high efficiency intercarrier interference cancellation scheme to reduce the effects of Doppler frequency shift. Finally we derive the signal-to interference power ratio (SIR) for the proposed OFDM system. From the comparison between the normal OFDM and the proposed system, we can see that such an ICI cancellation scheme gives more than 5 dB SIR improvement. The simulation results confirm the analysis and show the SIR improvement.
Perceived Social Support from Counselors and Client Sobriety During Aftercare: A Pilot Study of Emotional and Functional Support

In an empirical study, we asked whether client perceptions of the degree of emotional support and functional support provided by counselors during treatment are related to client sobriety during the aftercare phase of clients' recovery. Functional support was assessed using a scale that tapped the degree to which clients felt encouraged to become actively involved in six key components of Alcoholics Anonymous. Results derived from 76 former inpatients showed associations linking abstinence at the point of 2-year follow-up to counselor provision of both kinds of social support in early-stage recovery. Mental health service providers may be able to strengthen their client's long-term ability to maintain sobriety by providing them, in the short term, with high levels of esteem support and abstinence-focused “instrumental” support.