Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Mesocycle‐Length Weight Training Programs Involving Periodization and Partially Equated Volumes on Upper and Lower Body Strength

The present investigation compared the effects of three selected mesocycle-length weight training programs using partially equated volumes on upper and lower body strength. Ninety-two previously weight-trained males were tested at five intervals (T1 through T5) on freeweight bench press and parallel back squat strength before, during, and after 16 weeks of training. Groups 1 and 2 trained with programs consisting of 5×10-RM at 78.9% of 1-RM and 6×8-RM at 83.3% of 1-RM, respectively, while keeping the amount of sets, repetitions, and training resistance (relative intensity) constant. Group 3 trained with a periodization program involving 4 weeks of 5×10-RM at 78.9% of 1-RM, 4 weeks of 6×8-RM with 83.3% of 1-RM, 4 weeks of 3×6-RM with 87.6% of 1-RM, and 4 weeks of 3×4-RM with 92.4% of 1-RM. Group 4 served as a non-weight-training control group. A 4×5 (Group × Test) MANOVA with repeated measures on test revealed that pretest normalized bench press and squat strength values were statistically equal when the study began. For the bench press at T2, results revealed that Groups 1, 2, and 3 were significantly different from Group 4 but not from each other. At T3, T4, and T5, Group 3 demonstrated significantly different strength levels in the bench press from Groups 1, 2, and 4. Groups 1 and 2 were not significantly different from Group 4. For the squat exercise at T2, T3, and T4, Groups 2 and 3 were significantly different from Groups 1 and 2 but not from each other. At T5, Group 3 was significantly different from Groups 1, 2, and 4. Group 2 was significantly different from Groups 1 and 4, and Group 1 was only significantly different from Group 4. It was concluded that a mesocycle-length weight training program. incorporating periodization is superior in eliciting upper and lower body strength gains when compared to programs with partially equated volumes.
Genetic and environmental determinants of temperament: a comparative study based on Polish and German samples

This study of 1555 adult mono‐ and dizygotic twins reared together estimates the heritability of temperament traits in a Polish and a German sample. We test whether the etiology of temperament traits differs between the two cultures and between different temperament traits. We assessed temperament traits with the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour–Temperament Inventory (FCB‐TI), the Pavlovian Temperament Survey (PTS), the Revised Dimensions of Temperament Survey (DOTS‐R), and the Emotionality–Activity–Sociability Temperament Survey (EAS‐TS). Taking error of measurement into account, genetic sources of variance explained about 50% of the variance of temperament traits. We found neither reliable cultural differences nor robust differences in the etiology of the traits. However, the four questionnaires differed systematically with respect to the proportion of genetic and environmental influences on their scales. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Results of intertrochanteric femur fractures treated with a 135-degree sliding screw with a two-hole side plate.

OBJECTIVE To observe and report the clinical results of the treatment of intertrochanteric hip fractures treated with a 135-degree hip screw with a two-hole side plate. DESIGN Prospective consecutive. SETTING Community private practice. PATIENTS A consecutive series of seventy primarily older patients with intertrochanteric hip fractures treated in a community hospital setting. INTERVENTION Surgical treatment with a 135-degree sliding hip screw and a two-hole side plate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Healing rate and time, operative blood loss and time, incidence of hardware failure, and complications including loss of side plate fixation and amount of collapse. RESULTS Sixty-nine patients, with seventy intertrochanteric hip fractures, underwent surgical treatment with a 135-degree sliding hip screw and a two-hole side plate. There were twenty-one (30 percent) A1.1, sixteen (23 percent) A1.2, twenty-one (30 percent) A2.1, and twelve (17 percent) A2.2 fractures in twenty-three (33 percent) men and forty-six (67 percent) women. Average age was seventy-nine years. The average estimated blood loss was seventy-seven cubic centimeters (range 10 to 300 cubic centimeters), and the average surgical time was thirty-one minutes (range 8 to 90 minutes). The average time to union was fifteen weeks (range 8 to 17 weeks). There were three failures: two from screw cut-out and one from screw plate dissociation. No cases failed due to loss of fixation of the two-hole side plate. Collapse was minimum in fifty-five patients (79 percent), moderate in twelve patients (17 percent), and severe in two patients (3 percent). CONCLUSIONS Use of the 135-degree sliding hip screw with a two-hole side plate produces satisfactory healing and results in relatively low blood loss and short surgical times without the loss of side plate fixation.
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Hong Kong Chinese People's View of Creativity

This study was aimed at attaining some sense of implicit concepts of creativity among Hong Kong Chinese across different populations of participants and finding out how these implicit concepts compare to explicit concepts grounded in Western culture and tradition. Three stages of investigation are reported. In the first stage, 370 persons at railway and subway stations were asked to give their views on creativity and nominate Hong Kong person(s) outstanding for creativity, They were also asked to provide some demographic data and rate themselves on the creativity scale. In the second stage, 34 persons nominated in the first stage as outstanding for creativity were given the same task as the general public. In the third stage, local academics working in the area of creativity were asked to assign the categories of answers generated in the first and second stages of the study into one of the creativity strands: process, product, person or press. It was found that some core parts of the implicit concepts of creativity were overlapped highly across sex, age, education and occupational status variables. In other parts of the concept, how-ever, differences were found between males and females, teachers and laypersons, persons with tertiary education and other groups. Points of agreement between the implicit concepts of Hong Kong Chinese and explicit ones in the Western literature of creativity were these which linked creativity with something new, unique, leading to change and based on the independent thinking initiated by internal power and energy. However, originality, self expression as well as aesthetic and artistic elements were almost invisible in the Hong Kong implicit concepts of creativity.
Equivalence of system F and λ2 in Coq based on context morphism lemmas

We give a machine-checked proof of the equivalence of the usual, two-sorted presentation of System F and its single-sorted pure type system variant λ2. This is established by reducing the typability problem of F to λ2 and vice versa. The difficulty lies in aligning different binding-structures and different contexts (dependent vs. non-dependent). The use of de Bruijn syntax, parallel substitutions, and context morphism lemmas leads to an elegant proof. We use the Coq proof assistant and the substitution library Autosubst.
Automated crater detection, a new tool for Mars cartography and chronology

An automated crater detection algorithm is presented which exploits image data. The algorithm is briefly described and its application demonstrated on a variety of different Martian geomorphological areas and sensors (Viking Orbiter Camera, Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC), Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA), and High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC)). We show assessment results through both an intercomparison of automated crater locations with those from the manually-derived Mars Crater Consortium (MCC) catalogue and the manually-derived craters. The detection algorithm attains an accuracy of 70 to 90 percent and a quality factor of 60 to 80 percent depending on target sensor type and geomorphology. We also present crater detection results derived from HRSC images onboard the ESA Mars Express on a comparison between manually-determined Size-Frequency Distributions (SFDs) and those derived fully automatically. The approach described appears to offer great potential for chronological research, geomatic and geological analysis and for other purposes of extra-terrestrial planetary surface mapping.
Nonresponse In Household Interview Surveys

An Introduction to Survey Participation. A Conceptual Framework for Survey Participation. Data Resources for Testing Theories of Survey Participation. Influences on the Likelihood of Contact. Influences of Household Characteristics on Survey Cooperation. Social Environmental Influences on Survey Participation. Influences of the Interviewers. When Interviewers Meet Householders: The Nature of Initial Interactions. Influences of Householder-Interviewer Interactions on Survey Cooperation. How Survey Design Features Affect Participation. Practical Survey Design Acknowledging Nonresponse. References. Index.
Implicit Theories of Ability and Self-regulation Strategies in Physical Education Classes

Previous research has shown that cognitive processing and achievement strategies are important for motor learning and achievement. Despite this, there are few studies identifying the role of motivational beliefs in the cognitive self-regulation of students' learning in physical education classes. This study reports the results of multivariate analyses of the relationships between thirteen to fourteen-year-old secondary school pupils' (n=343) implicit theories of ability and their self-regulated learning in PE. Self-regulation measures included metacognitive/elaboration strategies, effort regulation and adaptive help seeking. Results revealed consistent relationships between motivational beliefs and pupils' use of self-regulation strategies. The results underscore the educational value of reappraising pupils' implicit theories of ability, making them believe in the modifiability of ability through effort and hard work and learning. The results illustrate the importance of linking pupils' motivational and cognitive characteristics to provide a fuller understanding of their self-regulation of learning in physical education.
Individual differences in gains from computer-assisted remedial reading.

Two hundred second- to fifth-grade students (aged approximately 7 to 11 years) spent 29 h in a computer-assisted remedial reading program that compared benefits from accurate, speech-supported reading in context, with and without explicit phonological training. Children in the "accurate-reading-in-context" condition spent 22 individualized computer hours reading stories and 7 small-group hours learning comprehension strategies. Children in the "phonological-analysis" condition learned phonological strategies in 7 small-group hours, and divided their computer time between phonological exercises and story reading. Phonologically trained children gained more in phonological skills and untimed word reading; children with more contextual reading gained more in time-limited word reading. Lower level readers gained more, and benefited more from phonological training, than higher level readers. In follow-up testing, most children maintained or improved their levels, but not their rates, of training gains. Phonologically trained children scored higher on phonological decoding, but children in both conditions scored equivalently on word reading.
Multileveled citizenship and citizenship education: experiences of students in China's Beijing

With reference to three secondary schools in Beijing, this study investigates students' perceptions of multiple identities at four levels – self, local, national, and global – and the ways in which students form multiple identities. The study uses a mixed methodology of questionnaires and interview surveys to collect data, and identifies four patterns of Beijing students' multiple identities: a high value on self-identity, a strong affective orientation toward local and national identity, minimal distinction between local and national identities, and an imagined global identity. This study provides empirical data that both supplements and challenges the existing literature on citizenship and citizenship education in the context of globalization.
Cortical activations associated with auditorily paced finger tapping

We investigated neuromagnetic responses during an auditorily paced synchronization task using a 122-channel whole-head neuromagnetometer. Eight healthy right handed subjects were asked to synchronize left and right unilateral finger taps to a regular binaural pacing signal. Synchronization of the right hand with an auditory pacing signal is known to be associated with three tap-related neuromagnetic sources localized in the contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex. While the first source represents the neuromagnetic correlate of the motor command the second one reflects somatosensory feedback due to the finger movement. The functional meaning of the third source, which is also localized in the primary somatosensory cortex is still unclear. On the one hand this source represents a neuromagnetic correlate of somatosensory feedback due to the finger tap. On the other hand it has been suggested that the function of this source could additionally represent a cognitive process, which enables the subject to monitor the time distance between taps and clicks. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the function of this source, which would fundamentally reform the meaning of the primary somatosensory cortex in the timing of movements with respect to external events. The data of the present study demonstrate that the three sources in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex are stronger related to the tap than to the click. This result contradicts the assumption of a cognitive process localized in the primary somatosensory cortex. Thus, activation in the primary somatosensory cortex most likely represents exclusively somatosensory feedback and no further cognitive processes.
Debreu’s social equilibrium existence theorem

Game theory is the study of strategic interaction: how a person should and will behave if her actions affect others and their actions affect her. (We use the term “person” here, but “agent” might be more appropriate, because, in the literature, game theory applies to firms, nations, or even genes, as well as to individual people.) Among fields of application, the theory has had its biggest influence on economics (but has also had considerable sway over political science, evolutionary biology, and computer science, among other disciplines).
Comparison of outcomes of trabeculectomy with mitomycin C vs. ologen implant in primary glaucoma

Purpose: To compare the safety and efficacy of trabeculectomy with Ologen implant vs. trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C (MMC). Materials and Methods: In a prospective, randomized, pilot study, 39 eyes of 33 subjects with medically uncontrolled primary glaucoma, aged 18 years or above underwent trabeculectomy either with MMC (20 eyes) or with Ologen implant (19 eyes). The primary outcome measure was cumulative success probability, defined as complete if the intraocular pressure (IOP) was > 5 and ≤ 21 mm Hg without anti-glaucoma medications or additional surgery and qualified if an IOP was > 5 and ≤ 21 mm Hg with or without anti-glaucoma medications. Results: Mean (± standard deviation) follow-up in Ologen group was 19.1 ± 8.1 months, and in MMC group was 18.0 ± 8.4 months. Mean IOP reduction at 6 months was significantly lower (P = 0.01) in the MMC group (11.9 ± 2.9 mm Hg) as compared to Ologen group (14.6 ± 2.7 mm Hg). However, at 12 months (P = 0.81) and 24 months (P = 0.32), the mean IOP was similar between the 2 groups. Complete success probability at the end of 6 months in Ologen group was 100% (95% confidence interval: 59.1 - 99.0) was similar (P = 0.53) to that in MMC group (93.8%, 95% CI: 63.2 - 99.1). The incidences of early post-operative complications were similar in the 2 groups, except hyphema, which was significantly more in Ologen group (P = 0.02). Conclusion: In this pilot study, the success of trabeculectomy and complications were similar in both Ologen and MMC groups at the end of 6 months.
Chronic effects of central and systemic administration of losartan on blood pressure and baroreceptor reflex in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

To clarify the role of endogenous angiotensin II (AngII) in the hypertension of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), we examined the chronic effects of central and systemic administration of losartan, an angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist, on blood pressure and arterial baroreceptor reflex. The SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), aged 12 to 16 weeks, received subcutaneous infusions of losartan at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day, or intracerebroventricular infusions of losartan at doses of 1 or 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days. Control groups received either isotonic saline solution subcutaneously or intracerebroventricular artificial cerebrospinal fluid. On day 14, baroreflex control of heart rate was determined by intravenous phenylephrine, and pressor response to intravenous AngII (100 ng/kg) was investigated in conscious rats. Blood pressure was higher and the sensitivity of the baroreflex control of heart rate was lower in vehicle-treated SHR than in WKY. Chronic subcutaneous administration of losartan lowered the blood pressure throughout the infusion period in both SHR and WKY, but the hypotensive effects were significantly greater in SHR. Losartan also sensitized the impaired baroreflex in SHR. Chronic intracerebroventricular losartan at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day did not alter the blood pressure or the baroreflex control of the heart rate in either strain. The effects of 10 mg/kg/day of intracerebroventricular losartan on blood pressure and the baroreflex were similar to those of the same dose administered subcutaneously. The pressor response to intravenous AngII was similarly inhibited by intracerebroventricular and subcutaneous losartan doses of 10 mg/kg/day. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cooperative binding of AP-1 and TEAD4 modulates the balance between vascular smooth muscle and hemogenic cell fate

The transmission of extracellular signals into the nucleus involves inducible transcription factors, but how different signalling pathways act in a cell type-specific fashion is poorly understood. Here, we studied the regulatory role of the AP-1 transcription factor family in blood development using embryonic stem cell differentiation coupled with genome-wide transcription factor binding and gene expression analyses. AP-1 factors respond to MAP kinase signalling and comprise dimers of FOS, ATF and JUN proteins. To examine genes regulated by AP-1 and to examine how it interacts with other inducible transcription factors, we abrogated its global DNA-binding activity using a dominant-negative FOS peptide. We show that FOS and JUN bind to and activate a specific set of vascular genes and that AP-1 inhibition shifts the balance between smooth muscle and hematopoietic differentiation towards blood. Furthermore, AP-1 is required for de novo binding of TEAD4, a transcription factor connected to Hippo signalling. Our bottom-up approach demonstrates that AP-1- and TEAD4-associated cis-regulatory elements form hubs for multiple signalling-responsive transcription factors and define the cistrome that regulates vascular and hematopoietic development by extrinsic signals. Highlighted article: AP-1 activates the expression of vascular genes in hemogenic endothelial cells and is required for de novo binding of the Hippo signaling transcription factor TEAD4.
Cultural Activism, Hegemony, and the Search for Urban Autonomy in the City of Puebla, Mexico

In Mexico communal autonomy is a political concept that animates multiple forms of political mobilization at the margins of the state. While strongly associated with the Zapatista movement and indigenous rights, political struggles in favor of autonomy can be found in multiple settings and periods of Mexican history, rural and urban alike. In light of long-standing multiscaled patterns of state violence and impunity, the defense of autonomy as a political goal seems both morally justifiable and politically logical. We contend, nonetheless, that when examined in context, the project of autonomy is more ambivalent than it first appears. We build this argument through a critical examination of the spatialized practices of groups of cultural activists who have been very active in the city of Puebla, Mexico, over the last decade. The political actions of these cultural activists are anchored in two primary spatial strategies: the establishment of permanent yet semiprivate locations (cafeterias, workshops) coupled with the ephemeral political activities (meetings and protests) in public squares. Cultural activists have enacted these strategies almost exclusively in and around the historic center of Puebla. We suggest that this exclusive engagement with central spaces in the city of Puebla signals has complicated entanglements with power that may contribute to the reinscription and reproduction of power and space in the neoliberal city.
A retrospective study (2004-2008) of poultry diseases diagnosed in Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Vth), Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto (Udus) and Sokoto Veterinary Centre (Svc), Sokoto State, Nigeria.

A retrospective study of clinical records in the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto (VTH-UDUS) and Sokoto Veterinary Centre (SVC) was carried out to establish the occurrence and distribution of poultry diseases over the period of five years (2004-2008). A total of 1,034 cases were recorded out of which 337 (32.9%) was Infectious bursal disease (IBD), 147 (14.0%) was coccidiosis, while 128 (12.4%) and 102 (9.9%) were Newcastle disease (NCD) and Fowl typhoid (FT) respectively. Other diseases/conditions with lower occurrences include Fowl cholera (FC), Malnutrition/starvation and the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) with 33 (3.2%), 17 (1.6%) and 2 (0.26%) cases respectively. The highest prevalence of 50% (515 cases) was indicated in viral diseases and the least was from malnutrition/starvation with only 1.6 % (17 cases) recoded. Dry period represented the period of increased disease occurrence of 71% (788 cases) which on comparison to that of dry season 29 % (246 cases) revealed statistically a significant difference (p＜0.05) by the Chi-square analysis. The years 2005 and 2008 recorded the highest 272 (26%) and the lowest 127 (12.3%) disease occurrences respectively. Poor management, inappropriate vaccine handling and self medication practices by the poultry farmers in conjunction with lack of facilities and awareness on diagnostic laboratory services may be associated with the distribution pattern of cases recorded in the clinics.