Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Confronting Expectations: Women in the Legal Academy

A seemingly insurmountable barrier to women's success in legal academia is the way they are perceived. Numerous studies have shown that women are perceived as less competent than men and that the same work is evaluated more critically when it is thought to have been done by a woman than by a man. This problem exists in all aspects of life, but it is especially acute for women in professional roles, such as academics. Legal academia, however, seems to be particularly resistant to viewing women as equally competent. The article presents original empirical research that shows that student evaluations of women faculty tend to be more hostile than those of male faculty. Comments on their appearance, pieces of "advice," and vicious personal attacks are not uncommon. When women law professors do receive positive comments, they are much different in nature from the comments received by male professors. Whereas men are most often praised for their "mastery of the subject matter," women are usually praised for being enthusiastic and approachable. Furthermore, the same negative attributes in men and women may be interpreted differently by students. For example, what may pass as theoretical musings from men often is interpreted as confusion from women. Because women lack the presumption of competence, they are continuously being challenged, resulting in a hostile "prove it" atmosphere. Why can't women law faculty overcome the lingering skepticism about women's competence? Is the problem merely that women cannot seem to shake stereotypes that are produced elsewhere? Attempts to simply deny these stereotypes, expecting that they will disappear as more women enter the academy, will be unsuccessful because they fail to recognize the crux of the problem. The presumption that women lack authority is not simply replicated in legal academia, but is actively produced there as well. That is, legal academia constructs a social reality rather than mirroring one constructed elsewhere. The question then is, how does legal education reinforce this patriarchal organization?
Patient-Specific Implant for Residual Facial Asymmetry following Orthognathic Surgery in Unilateral Craniofacial Microsomia

Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a congenital anomaly with a variable phenotype. The most prominent feature of CFM is a predominantly unilateral hypoplasia of the mandible, leading to facial asymmetry. Even after correction of the midline, there is often a remaining hard- and soft-tissue deficiency over the body of the mandible and cheek on the affected side. This clinical report describes the skeletal augmentation of the mandible with a patient-specific implant to treat residual facial asymmetry in two female patients with unilateral CFM. Good aesthetic results were achieved in both patients treated with either a Medpor or polyetheretherketone implant without complications after a follow-up time of 55 and 30 months, respectively.
Autonomous Design in VLSI: Growing and Learning on Silicon

To-day no good solutions are known for the problem of a performing machine immersed within static or dynamic environments and meeting unexpected, unpredictable, unknown, new situations. Perhaps because no method can be found for the direct design of solutions that would meet this requirement, furthermore now in great demand. This paper presents the work we are developing to address that particular problem, of which abundant solutions ironically appear second nature to myriads of biological creatures.
The Inter-related Dynamics of Unemployment and Low-wage Employment

This paper examines the extent of state dependence in unemployment and the role played in this by intervening low-wage employment. A range of dynamic random and fixed effects estimators are compared. Low-wage employment is found to have almost as large an adverse effect as unemployment on future prospects and the difference in their effects is found to be insignificant. Evidence is presented that low-wage jobs act as the main conduit for repeat unemployment and considerably increases its probability. Obtaining a higher-wage job reduces the increased risk of repeat unemployment to insignificance.
Query Specific Rank Fusion for Image Retrieval

Recently two lines of image retrieval algorithms demonstrate excellent scalability: 1) local features indexed by a vocabulary tree, and 2) holistic features indexed by compact hashing codes. Although both of them are able to search visually similar images effectively, their retrieval precision may vary dramatically among queries. Therefore, combining these two types of methods is expected to further enhance the retrieval precision. However, the feature characteristics and the algorithmic procedures of these methods are dramatically different, which is very challenging for the feature-level fusion. This motivates us to investigate how to fuse the ordered retrieval sets, i.e., the ranks of images, given by multiple retrieval methods, to boost the retrieval precision without sacrificing their scalability. In this paper, we model retrieval ranks as graphs of candidate images and propose a graph-based query specific fusion approach, where multiple graphs are merged and reranked by conducting a link analysis on a fused graph. The retrieval quality of an individual method is measured on-the-fly by assessing the consistency of the top candidates' nearest neighborhoods. Hence, it is capable of adaptively integrating the strengths of the retrieval methods using local or holistic features for different query images. This proposed method does not need any supervision, has few parameters, and is easy to implement. Extensive and thorough experiments have been conducted on four public datasets, i.e., the UKbench, Corel-5K, Holidays and the large-scale San Francisco Landmarks datasets. Our proposed method has achieved very competitive performance, including state-of-the-art results on several data sets, e.g., the N-S score 3.83 for UKbench.
Translation in language teaching: insights from professional translator training

The past three decades have seen vast changes in attitudes towards translation, both as an academic discipline and as a profession. The insights we have gained in recent years, in particular in the area of professional translator training, call for a reassessment of the role of translation in language teaching. Drawing on research and practices in the field of translation pedagogy and on our own experience in using translation in the language classroom, our article aims to map the interface between translator training and language teaching, with particular reference to a task-based approach in the context of a communicative framework. After a brief account of the controversy surrounding the role of translation in language learning, we begin by setting out the reasons why we believe language teaching can benefit from engaging in dialogue with the discipline of translator training. In the second section, we examine the recent application of a task-based approach to translator training and how this can, in turn, inform our practice in the language classroom. Finally we provide some sample translation-based tasks used in language undergraduate degree classes to illustrate the discussion.
Effects of histatin-1 peptide on human corneal epithelial cells

Purpose Ocular surface and corneal epithelial wounds are common and potentially debilitating problems. Ideal treatments for these injuries would promote epithelial healing without inflammation, infection and scarring. In addition the best treatments would be cost-efficient, effective, non-toxic and easily applied. Histatin-1 peptides have been shown to be safe and effective enhancers of epithelial wound healing in other model systems. We sought to determine whether histatin-1 peptides could enhance human corneal epithelial wound healing in vitro. Methods Histatin-1 peptides were applied to human corneal epithelial cells and compared over useful dose ranges in scratch assays using time-lapse microscopy. In addition, path finding analysis, cell spreading assays, toxicity and proliferation assays were performed to further characterize the effects of histatin-1 peptide on human corneal limbal epithelial (HCLE). Results Histatin-1 enhanced human corneal epithelial wound healing in typical wound healing models. There was minimal toxicity and no significant enhancement of proliferation of corneal epithelium in response to histatin-1 application. Corneal epithelial spreading and pathfinding appeared to be enhanced by the application of histatin-1 peptides. Conclusions Histatin -1 peptide may enhance migration of HCLE cells and wound healing in vitro. These peptides may have benefit in corneal epithelial wounds and need to be investigated further.
The Power of Everyday Politics: How Vietnamese Peasants Transformed National Policy

The Power of Everyday Politics: How Vietnamese Peasants Transformed National Policy. By Benedict J. Tria Kerkvliet. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2005. 320p. $39.95. Short of rebelling, how do powerless peasants under a domineering Stalinist state influence policy? Benedict J. Tria Kerkvliet's book offers not only a persuasive answer to this question but also a useful theoretical framework for understanding the power of “everyday politics. ”
Phase‐Contrast Magnetic Resonance Angiography for the Determination of Cerebrovascular Reserve

Cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) is the potential for cerebral arteriolar dilatation to occur, in response to decreased cerebral perfusion pressure, in order to maintain constant cerebral blood flow. Diminution or absence of CVR is considered a risk factor for stroke. Current methods for determining CVR include singlephoton emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography and transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography. However, significant advantages could derive from the utilization of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) based on the concurrent acquisition of hemodynamic information (CVR and collateral flow) with phase‒contrast (PC) techniques and vascular morphology with three‒dimensional, time‒of‒flight methods. With a 1.5‒T scanner and acetazolamide (AZM), an arteriolar dilator, CVR was determined in 7 normal subjects. Mean flow velocity in the middle cerebral arteries was determined by PC MRA before and after AZM administration. For comparative purposes, mean flow velocities in the same middle cerebral arteries were determined by TCD before and after AZM administration. The mean flow velocities were as follows (mean ± standard deviation, n = 7): 40 ± 8 (PC MRA) versus 61 ±10 cm/sec (TCD) before AZM treatment and 58 ±11 (PC MRA) versus 85 ±15 cm/sec (TCD) after AZM administration. The increase in mean flow velocity (before vs after AZM), that is, the CVR, was 45 ±11 % as shown by PC MRA and 39 ± 14% as shown by TCD. Although significant differences were present between the mean flow velocities measured before and those after AZM administration, as determined by PC MRA and TCD, the CVR was not significantly different (45 vs 39%, respectively). These preliminary results suggest that PC MRA may be a method for determining CVR.
Amniotic graft in the management of severe epistaxis due to hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia

In selected cases of Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectesia with severe, life-threatening epistaxis, a new surgical procedure has been performed. It consists of a thorough, near total excision of the diseased nasal mucosa and its replacement by an amniotic memebrane graft. The surgical details dealing with preparation of the amniotic graft are described. Surgery has been performed by this technique in six cases. During 9 to 30 min months of follow-up, no nasal bleeding has occurred and the haemoglobin level has remained normal. The aminiotic membrane has served as an adequate grafting material for the lining of the nasal chambers.
Coaxial all cavity extraction in the Recirculating Planar Magnetron

Recent experiments on the first Recirculating Planar Magnetron (RPM) prototype, the L-band RPM-12a, have demonstrated successful generation of microwave power in the vicinity of pi-mode at 1 GHz using a -300 kV pulsed voltage and 0.2 T axial magnetic field. However, these initial experiments were designed primarily to demonstrate feasibility and validate the RF dispersion relationship. This prototype has not demonstrated the efficient extraction of microwave power into waveguides. A novel approach to power extraction using a coaxial adaptation of the “all cavity extractor” is currently under development at the University of Michigan. The Coaxial All Cavity Extractor (CACE) is a highly compact axial extraction technique that is specifically designed to accommodate the planar slow wave structures of the RPM. Concepts and design of the extractor are presented as well as a new experimental prototype RPM-CACE, a 12-cavity device simulated to yield 450 MW with 60% efficiency at 1.9 GHz.
A Sensory Neuron Subpopulation with Unique Sequential Survival Dependence on Nerve Growth Factor and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor during Development

We characterized a subpopulation of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons that were previously identified as preferential targets of enkephalins. This group, termed P-neurons after their “pear” shape, sequentially required nerve growth factor (NGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) for survival in vitroduring different developmental stages. Embryonic P-neurons required NGF, but not bFGF. NGF continued to promote their survival, although less potently, up to postnatal day 2 (P2). Conversely, at P5, they needed bFGF but not NGF, with either factor having similar effects at P2. This trophic switch was unique to that DRG neuronal group. In addition, neither neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) nor brain-derived neurotrophic factor influenced their survival during embryonic and postnatal stages, respectively. The expression of NGF (Trk-A) and bFGF (flg) receptors paralleled the switch in trophic requirement. No single P-neuron appeared to coexpress bothTrk-A and flg. In contrast, all of them coexpressed flg and substance P, providing a specific marker of these cells. Immunosuppression of bFGF in newborn animals greatly reduced their number, suggesting that the factor was requiredin vivo. bFGF was present in the DRG and spinal cord, as well as in skeletal muscle, the peripheral projection site of P-neurons, as revealed by tracer DiIC183. The lack of requirement of NT-3 for survival and immunoreactivity for the neurofilament of 200 kDa distinguished them from muscle proprioceptors, suggesting that they are likely to be unmyelinated muscle fibers. Collectively, their properties indicate that P-neurons constitute a distinct subpopulation of sensory neurons for which the function may be modulated by enkephalins.
Turning the tide: a socio-critical model and framework for improving student success in open distance learning at the University of South Africa

The article presents a socio-critical model and framework for understanding, predicting, and enhancing student success developed at the University of South Africa. An extensive literature review indicated that predominant models from international contact institutions were of partial application in this context. Integrating socio-critical, anthropological, and cultural theoretical perspectives, the model applies the key constructs of situated agency, capital, habitus, attribution, locus of control, and self-efficacy to both students and institutions in understanding success at each step of the student’s journey. The model and framework, to be implemented incrementally during 2011, provide useful pointers for open distance learning and other institutions in pursuing greater student success.
How Children of Immigrants Use Media to Connect Their Families to the Community

Past research on children and media exploring embedded patterns of domestic media connections has generally been limited to majority culture, middle-class families. This study explored how these dynamics are different in immigrant families, with particular focus on ways these children “broker” new and traditional media forms to connect their families to local resources and ultimately, contribute to their families' settlement. Utilizing Livingstone's domestic infrastructure as a heuristic tool, interviews with forty-two parents and children in an immigrant Latino community in Los Angeles revealed how families connect with and make sense of information about community resources and services, as a precursor to deciding where to go and who to trust in their local area. Understanding how children's media brokering activities link their families to their communities has wider application to the study of children, family, and media practices in other urban centers as population diversity continues to increase worldwide.
Incorporation of Ni(II)-dimethylglyoxime ion-imprinted polymer into electrospun polysulphone nanofibre for the determination of Ni(II) ions from aqueous samples

Ni(II)-dimethylglyoxime ion-imprinted polymer (Ni(II)-DMG IIP) was encapsulated in polysulphone and electrospun into nanofibres with diameters ranging from 406 to 854 nm. The structures of the Ni(II)-DMG encapsulated-IIP nanofibre, non-imprinted encapsulated-polymer nanofibre and polysulphone nanofibre mats were observed by scanning electron microscopy and evaluated by infrared spectroscopy. Electrospinning increased the specific surface area of the Ni(II)-DMG encapsulated-IIP nanofibre mats, as was evidenced by the low masses of the Ni(II)-DMG encapsulated-IIP nanofibre mats used. The accuracy of the method was validated by analysing a custom solution of certified reference material (SEP-3); the concentration of Ni(II) obtained was close to the certified one. The limit of detection was found to be 4.0x10 -4 μg∙ml −1 while the limit of quantification was found to be 1.2x10 -3 μg∙ml −1 . The recovery of Ni(II) achieved using the Ni(II)-DMG imprinted nanofibre mats in water samples was found to range from 83 to 89%, while that of non-imprinted nanofibre mats was found to range from 59 to 65%, and that of polysulphone from 55 to 62%. Keywords: electrospun encapsulated imprinted polymer nanofibres, aqueous samples, recovery
Thinking about Eating Food Activates Visual Cortex with Reduced Bilateral Cerebellar Activation in Females with Anorexia Nervosa: An fMRI Study

Background Women with anorexia nervosa (AN) have aberrant cognitions about food and altered activity in prefrontal cortical and somatosensory regions to food images. However, differential effects on the brain when thinking about eating food between healthy women and those with AN is unknown. Methods Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) examined neural activation when 42 women thought about eating the food shown in images: 18 with AN (11 RAN, 7 BPAN) and 24 age-matched controls (HC). Results Group contrasts between HC and AN revealed reduced activation in AN in the bilateral cerebellar vermis, and increased activation in the right visual cortex. Preliminary comparisons between AN subtypes and healthy controls suggest differences in cortical and limbic regions. Conclusions These preliminary data suggest that thinking about eating food shown in images increases visual and prefrontal cortical neural responses in females with AN, which may underlie cognitive biases towards food stimuli and ruminations about controlling food intake. Future studies are needed to explicitly test how thinking about eating activates restraint cognitions, specifically in those with restricting vs. binge-purging AN subtypes.
Post-materialism Versus the Welfare State?

Theories of contemporary social democracy suggest parties of the left may have to alter their views on the welfare state and shift their emphases in policy priorities to remain electorally competitive. In this article, we examine the structure of opinion within the New Democratic Party with regard to conventional welfare state policies, ideas on equity and post-materialist issues. We find no evidence of a muted egalitarianism or increasingly selective support for the redistributive agenda of the welfare state, and little evidence of internal party divisions rooted in a middle-class defection from the traditional programs of the welfare state. Nor is there a materialist-post-materialist division within the party. Our data show that post-materialist inclinations increase with support for a class redistributionist, materialist policy agenda. Our findings cast doubt on the `new politics' thesis that post-materialist agendas will crowd out materialist policy issues and add to skepticism concerning an imminent post-materialist redefinition of social democratic strategic and policy choices.
An unscented model predictive control approach to the formation control of nonholonomic mobile robots

Formation control of nonholonomic robots in dynamic unstructured environments is a challenging task yet to be met. This paper presents the unscented model predictive control (UMPC) approach to tackle the formation control of multiple nonholonomic robots in unstructured environments. In unscented predictive control, the uncertainty propagation in the nonholonomic nonlinear motion model is approximated using the unscented transform. The collision avoidance constraints have been introduced as the chance constraints to model predictive control. The UMPC approach enables us to find a closed form of the collision avoidance probabilistic constraints. The desired pose of each robot in the formation is introduced through the local objective function of UMPC of each robot. The simulation results indicate the effective and robust performance of UMPC in unstructured environment in the presence of action disturbance and communication signal noise.
Tsunami generation in Stromboli island and impact on the south-east Tyrrhenian coasts

Abstract. Stromboli is one of the most active volcanoes in the Aeolian island arc in south Tyrrhenian sea, Italy. In the last 100 years the most relevant volcanic eruptions have beenaccompanied by local tsunamis, that have caused damage and casualties. In some cases the direct mechanism of local tsunami generation is clear, i.e. pyroclastic flows entering the sea. In some others it is uncertain and some speculation concerning the collapse of the eruptive column on the sea surface or the failure of some underwater mass can be made. But the ordinary activity is unlikely to generate large regional tsunamis. These can be produced by the lateral collapse of the volcanic cone that geomorphological and volcanological investigations have proven to have occurred repeatedly in the recent history of the volcano, with return period in the order of some thousands of years. The last episode is dated to less than 5 ka BP, and left the Sciara del Fuoco scar on the north-west flank of Stromboli. Based on previous studies, the possible collapse of the nortwestern sector of Stromboli and the consequent generation and propagation of a tsunami are explored. The impact on Stromboli and on the other islands of the Aeolian archipelago is estimated, as well as the impact on the coast of Sicily and the Tyrrhenian coasts of Calabria. The simulation is carried out by means of a double model: a Lagrangian block model to compute the motion of the collapsing mass, and a finite-element hydrodynamic model to compute the evolution of the tsunami. Two distinct tsunami simulations are carried out, one on a very fine grid around the source region to evaluate the tsunami near Stromboli, and one utilising a coarser grid covering the whole south-east Tyrrhenian sea to compute the tsunami propagation toward Sicily and Calabria. It is found that a huge-volume collapse of the north-western flank of the Stromboli cone is capable of producing a regional tsunami which is catastrophic at the source and devastating on long stretches of Tyrrhenian coasts, but particularly in the neighbouring islands of Panarea and Salina, and along the Calabria coasts around Capo Vaticano.