Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘It doesn’t speak to me’: understanding student of color resistance to critical race pedagogy

Abstract Scholars maintain that when race and racism are addressed as factors that continue to shape inequality in the classroom, white students often deny the validity of these claims, while Students of Color tend to feel empowered by them. However, drawing on open-ended interviews, focus group discussions, and survey data, we argue that some Students of Color resist critical race pedagogy and curriculum. Specifically, we identify and analyze how this push back is articulated through three triggers: (1) an entrenchment in majoritarian ideologies; (2) a disavowal of racialized oppression; and (3) a disinclination to scrutinize personal experiences marred by race. These dynamics illustrate what we call ‘resisting decolonization’ – a reluctance to grapple with pedagogies that destabilize dominant ideologies about race and racism in schools and disrupt mainstream ideas regarding ethnic or racial identity. We introduce this concept in an attempt to hone critical race pedagogy to better address the needs of Students of Color who sometimes unknowingly participate in the marginalization of Populations of Color through deficit thinking or through the denial of the continuing significance of race.
Person identification from heavily occluded face images

In numerous occasions there is need to identify subjects shown in heavily occluded face images. Typical examples include the recognition of criminals whose facial images are captured by surveillance cameras. In such cases a significant part of the subjects face is occluded making the process of identification extremely difficult, both for automatic face recognition systems and human observers. In this paper we propose a face recognition algorithm, which can be used for identifying individuals with hidden facial parts. During the face recognition procedure, occluded facial regions are detected so that the model-based face recognition algorithm implemented makes use of information only from the non-occluded facial regions. With our approach information from occluded facial regions is not utilized during the process of face recognition hence the occlusions do not destruct the recognition process and as a result the probability of achieving correct identification is improved.
Trade, Extent of the Market, and Economic Growth 1960-1996

We find that trade and domestic market size are robust determinants of economic growth over the 1960-1996 period when trade openness is measured as the US dollar value of imports and exports relative to GDP in PPP US$ ('real openness'). When trade openness is measured as the US dollar value of imports and exports relative to GDP in exchange rate US$ ('nominal openness') however, trade and the size of domestic markets are often non-robust determinants of growth. We argue that real openness is the more appropriate measure of trade and that our empirical results should be seen as evidence in favor of the extent-of-the-market hypothesis.
A Systematic Illustration on Reduction of N-body Problem with Application to Molecular Systems

6n 3n T 6n ≅ and * 3 6 n T n ≅ . This means that 6N possibly-nonlinear first order ODEs altogether describe the dynamics. It will be great if the dimension could be reduced. In fact, such idea was initiated by pioneer physicists ~400 years ago in solving Kepler problem [1, 2], in which the 2-body problem of sunearth-gravity is studied with the aid of conservations of total linear momentum and total angular momentum. Now, people could follow a systematic way to rigidly carry out reductions. Momentum maps are introduced to depict the essence of conserved quantities including total linear momentum and total angular momentum, and N-body problems could be studied by symplectic reduction theory which utilizes symmetries [3, 4, 5]. In this article, a geometrical reduction of 3-body problem will be described, with both the zero angular momentum and the non-zero angular momentum cases discussed. What follows is a discussion on the singularity issue associated with the reduction of 2body problem. Then Yanao et al. [6]’s work of a further decrease of dimension in 6-body problem will be introduced and discussed. Applications and future directions will conclude the article.
The importance of colour in visual image recognition

Colour is a striking aspect of our visual experience; despite this the influence colour has on cognition is, to date, somewhat unclear. The current study intended to test the role colour plays in terms of both perceptual encoding and memory and the extent to which the mediating influences of colour is governed by top-down or bottom up factors. Sixty participants completed a continuous recognition paradigm using natural/abstract images presented in either colour or in monochrome at memory and at test. This resulted in four recognition conditions. The results demonstrated a significant effect of congruency for abstract images, whereby recall for images presented in a congruent manner was superior. There was a significant effect of encoding in the natural condition (i.e. the way images were presented; either colour/ monochrome). Reaction time across both categories of images was faster for abstract images that were shown in monochrome. Accuracy for recognition of abstract images was greatest in the colour – colour condition; for the natural scenes, accuracy was greatest in the colour – monochrome condition. The findings support the idea that colour can facilitate scene recognition through the use of top down knowledge by prompting more accurate and faster responses.
Remodularization analysis using semantic clustering

In this paper, we report an experience on using and adapting Semantic Clustering to evaluate software remodularizations. Semantic Clustering is an approach that relies on information retrieval and clustering techniques to extract sets of similar classes in a system, according to their vocabularies. We adapted Semantic Clustering to support remodularization analysis. We evaluate our adaptation using six real-world remodularizations of four software systems. We report that Semantic Clustering and conceptual metrics can be used to express and explain the intention of the architects when performing common modularization operators, such as module decomposition.
Galaxy formation using halo merger histories taken from N‐body simulations

We develop a hybrid galaxy formation model that uses outputs from an N-body simulation to follow the merger histories (or ‘merger trees’) of dark matter haloes and treats baryonic processes, such as the cooling of gas within haloes and subsequent star formation, using the semi-analytic model of Cole et al. We compare this hybrid model with an otherwise identical model that utilizes merger-tree realizations generated using a Monte Carlo algorithm and find that, apart from the limited mass resolution imposed by the N-body particle mass, the only significant differences between the models are caused by the known discrepancy between the distribution of halo progenitor masses predicted by the extended Press—Schechter theory and that found in N-body simulations. We investigate the effect of limited mass resolution on the hybrid model by comparing with a purely semi-analytic model that has greatly improved mass resolution. We find that the mass resolution of the simulation we use, which has a particle mass of 1.4 × 1010h−1 M⊙, is insufficient to produce a reasonable luminosity function for galaxies with magnitudes in the bJ band fainter than −17.
Systemic Risk and Inefficient Debt Maturity

This paper analyzes private debt maturity choices in a dynamic macroeconomic model in which financial frictions give rise to systemic risk in the form of amplification effects, and shows that decentralized maturity decisions may result in a socially excessive reliance on short-term debt. Long-term liabilities provide insurance against shocks to the asset side of the balance sheet, but they come at an extra cost. The debt maturity structure therefore maps into an allocation of aggregate risk between lenders and leveraged borrowers, and fundamental shocks propagate more powerfully in the economy when the maturity is shorter. The market equilibrium is not constrained efficient as borrowers fail to internalize their contribution to systemic risk and take on too much short-term debt in a decentralized economy. Macroprudential policy in the form of a tax on short-term debt can lead to Pareto improvements and result in less volatile allocations and asset prices.
PROLIFERATIVE RESPONSE OF THE SPLEEN AND LIVER TO HEMOLYSIS

Combined chemical and autoradiographic studies in rats injected with tritiated thymidine indicate that acute red cell sequestration stimulates reticuloendothelial (RE) proliferation. In the spleen DNA synthesis is most markedly stimulated in the marginal zone which is also the initial site of red cell sequestration. This proliferative response involves several division steps and eventuates in a colonization of the red pulp with increased numbers of all cell lines native to the spleen. In both spleen and liver there occurs also a generalized stimulation of division in the macrophages and littoral cells which involves only 1 or 2 division steps. Chronic compensated hemolytic anemia achieved in rats by injections of phenylhydrazine caused functional overactivity of the RE system, including increased sequestering function and hypergammaglobulinemia. This splenic hyperplasia did not entirely regress after cessation of the injections. In man the splenomegaly of a chronic non-immunological hemolytic anemia, hereditary spherocytosis, was found to involve a marked (average: 8-fold) hyperplasia of all spleen cellular elements. Neither the acute nor chronic proliferative reaction appears to arise from immunological or "toxic" stimuli and the findings support the view that the size of the RE system is a function of its particulate "work load. " It is suggested that the cytoproliferative aspects of immune responses may depend upon non-specific, usually particulate stimulation. After prolonged stimulation, hyperplasia of the RES may become partly irreversible.
Design and Simulation of 2-D Photonic Crystal Based All-Optical AND Logic Gate

In this paper, All-optical AND logic gate with square cavity in 2-D (two dimensions) photonic crystal with GaAs have been demonstrated. The square cavity is created by removing rods from a rectangular lattice of dielectric cylinders in air substrate. Photonic crystal (PC) has periodic dielectric structure that has an important characteristic of PC and that is known as photonic band gap (PBG). The property of PBG is that, wavelength within the band gap cannot propagate through the crystal. In this research work, this property is used to design an All-optical AND logic gate. The operation of this logic gate is verified at third optical window i.e. 1550 nm, which is the most widely used window in present optical communication system.
Heme Induces Ubiquitination and Degradation of the Transcription Factor Bach1

ABSTRACT The transcription repressor Bach1 is a sensor and effector of heme that regulates the expression of heme oxygenase 1 and globin genes. Heme binds to Bach1, inhibiting its DNA binding activity and inducing its nuclear export. We found that hemin further induced the degradation of endogenous Bach1 in NIH 3T3 cells, murine embryonic fibroblasts, and murine erythroleukemia cells. In contrast, succinylacetone, an inhibitor of heme synthesis, caused accumulation of Bach1 in murine embryonic fibroblasts, indicating that physiological levels of heme regulated the Bach1 turnover. Polyubiquitination and rapid degradation of overexpressed Bach1 were induced by hemin treatment. HOIL-1, an ubiquitin-protein ligase which recognizes heme-bound, oxidized iron regulatory protein 2, was found to bind with Bach1 when both were overexpressed in NIH 3T3 cells. HOIL-1 stimulated the polyubiquitination of Bach1 in a purified in vitro ubiquitination system depending on the intact heme binding motifs of Bach1. Expression of dominant-negative HOIL-1 in murine erythroleukemia cells resulted in higher stability of endogenous Bach1, raising the possibility that the heme-regulated degradation involved HOIL-1 in murine erythroleukemia cells. These results suggest that heme within a cell regulates the polyubiquitination and degradation of Bach1.
Herbig Ae/Be Stars in nearby OB Associations

We have carried out a study of the early-type stars in nearby OB associations spanning an age range of ∼3–16 Myr, with the aim of determining the fraction of stars that belong to the Herbig Ae/Be class. We studied the B, A, and F stars in the nearby (≤500 pc) OB associations Upper Scorpius, Perseus OB2, Lacerta OB1, and Orion OB1, with membership determined from Hipparcos data. We also included in our study the early-type stars in the Trumpler 37 cluster, part of the Cep OB2 association. We obtained spectra for 440 Hipparcos stars in these associations, from which we determined accurate spectral types, visual extinctions, effective temperatures, luminosities and masses, using Hipparcos photometry. Using colors corrected for reddening, we find that the Herbig Ae/Be stars and the classical Be (CBe) stars occupy clearly different regions in the JHK diagram. Thus, we use the location on the JHK diagram, as well as the presence of emission lines and of strong 12 μm flux relative to the visual, to identify the Herbig Ae/Be stars in the associations. We find that the Herbig Ae/Be stars constitute a small fraction of the early-type stellar population even in the younger associations. Comparing the data from associations with different ages and assuming that the near-infrared excess in the Herbig Ae/Be stars arises from optically thick dusty inner disks, we determined the evolution of the inner disk frequency with age. We find that the inner disk frequency in the age range 3–10 Myr in intermediate-mass stars is lower than that in the low-mass stars (<1 M⊙); in particular, it is a factor of ∼10 lower at ∼3 Myr. This indicates that the timescales for disk evolution are much shorter in the intermediate-mass stars, which could be a consequence of more efficient mechanisms of inner disk dispersal (viscous evolution, dust growth, and settling toward the midplane).
Changes in fibrinogen levels, plasma viscosity and insulin resistance after 4 weeks of combined sit-up and walking training

Introduction: Reports concerning the association of physical activity with markers of inflammation, coagulation, and fibrinolysis are ambiguous. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of 4 weeks of combined decomposedsit-up and walking training with two different volumes onfibrinogen, plasma viscosity and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in college, young men. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 18 subjects with age range 19 to 25 years selected as research subjects and were randomly divided into two groups including; group 1 (15 min sit-up -30 min run) and group 2 (30 min sit-up -15 min run). The study sit-up training included 25 types of training for abdominal muscles and the walking intensity was 130-140 steps per minute. Blood samples were collected before and after 4 weeks (16 sessions) and the levels of fibrinogen, plasma viscosity and HOMA-IR were measured. Data analyzed by two ways ANOVA (Between-group changes) and paired T-test. Correspondence: Abbas Ghanbari-Niaki, PhD. Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Siences, Mazandaran University. Babolsar, Iran Tel:+98 9111256292 Email: ghanbara@umz.ac. ir Results: Compared with the pre-test, both groups demonstrated a significant reduction in body weight over the course of the study (P<0.05). BMI for the group 2 (30 minute sit-up +15 minute walking) in the post-test decreased significantly compared with the pre-test (P=0.037). In the post-test fibrinogen levels (P=0.008) and plasma viscosity (P=0.008) decreased significantly only in the group 2. The two-way ANOVA showed a significant difference between the two groups only in the levels of fibrinogen (P=0.024). Conclusion: The current research findings indicate that fibrinogen and plasma viscosity levels in group 2 (30 minute sit-up +15 minute walking) decreased compared with the pre-test after 4 week of training; but fibrinogen and plasma viscosity levels in the group 1 (15 minute sit-up +30 minute walking) did not change significant
POX 186: A Dwarf Galaxy in the Process of Formation?

We present deep U-, V-, and I-band images of the "ultracompact" blue dwarf galaxy POX 186 obtained with the Planetary Camera 2 of the Hubble Space Telescope. We have also obtained a near-ultraviolet spectrum of the object with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph and combine this with a new ground-based optical spectrum. The images confirm the galaxy to be extremely small, with a maximum extent of only 300 pc, a luminosity of ~10-4L*, and an estimated mass of ~107 M☉. Its morphology is highly asymmetric, with a tail of material on its western side that may be tidal in origin. The U-band image shows this tail to be part of a stream of material in which stars have recently formed. Most of the star formation in the galaxy is, however, concentrated in a central, compact (d ~ 10-15 pc) star cluster. We estimate this cluster to have a total mass of ~105 M☉, to be forming stars at a rate of less than 0.05 yr-1, and to have a maximum age of a few million years. The outer regions of the galaxy are significantly redder than the cluster, with V-I colors consistent with a population dominated by K and M stars. From our analysis of the optical spectrum we find the galaxy to have a metallicity Z ≃ 0.06 Z☉ and to contain a significant amount of internal dust [E(B-V) ≃ 0.28]; both values agree with previous estimates. While these results rule out earlier speculation that POX 186 is a protogalaxy, its morphology, mass, and active star formation suggest that it represents a recent (within ~108 yr) collision between two clumps of stars of subgalactic size (~100 pc). POX 186 may thus be a very small dwarf galaxy that, dynamically speaking, is still in the process of formation. This interpretation is supported by the fact that it resides in a void, so its morphology cannot be explained as the result of an encounter with a more massive galaxy. Clumps of stars this small may represent the building blocks required by hierarchical models of galaxy formation, and these results also support the recent "downsizing" picture of galaxy formation in which the least massive objects are the last to form.
Control Over Emergence

This paper explains and demonstrates emergence of organizational behavior as a social cognitive mechanism, i.e. ones own behavior at the cognitive level is inﬂuenced by interaction with others at the social level.Besides the importance of understanding how behavior evolves, it is probably more crucial to control emergence or enforce desired behavior. In our research we demonstrate this by implementing social constructs as regulators or stimuli of behavior.The paper discusses a social cognitive architecture ACT-RBot or in short RBot4 which is based on ACT-R. RBot inherits the cognitive architecture (production system) of ACT-R but provides also a mechanism of social constructs as meta-productions that operates as a social (control) layer. The architecture is implemented in software agents who 'live' in a discrete event simulation environment allowing them to interact and exchange signs.The combination of RBot and a simulation environment provides observation of behavior between agents (at the social level), but also introspection of the experiences of the individual agent stored in memory of its cognitive architecture. We describe two simulation experiments that demonstrate the working of the social cognitive architecture. The ﬁrst experiment shows that emergence is present at the cognitive (individual) and social level (interaction). The second experiment adds social constructs and authority that allows for (more) control over emergence.
Nuclear matrix: isolation and characterization of a framework structure from rat liver nuclei

A nuclear framework structure termed the nuclear matrix has been isolated and characterized. This matrix forms the major residual structure of isolated nuclei and consists largely of protein with smaller amounts of RNA, DNA, carbohydrate, and phospholipid. The nuclear matrix can be further resolved by combined treatment with DNase and RNase. The remaining nuclear protein structure, after extraction of 90 percent of the nuclear protein, 99.9 percent of the DNA, and 98 percent of the RNA and phospholipid, is termed the nuclear protein matrix. Electron microscopy of this final nuclear protein matrix reveals an interior framework structure composed of residual nucleolar structures associated with a granular and fibrous internal matrix structure. The internal matrix framework is derived from the interchromatinic structures of the nucleus, and is connected to a surrounding residual nuclear envelope layer containing residual nuclear pore complex structures. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis of the nuclear matrix proteins demonstrates three major polypeptide fractions, P-1, P-2, and P-3, with average molecular weights of approximately 69,000, 66,000 and 62,000, as well as several minor polypeptides which migrate at approximately 50,000 and at higher molecular weights (>100,000). Polypeptides with molecular weights identical to those of P-1, P-2 and P-3 are also components of isolated nuclear envelopes and nucleoli, whereas isolated chromatin contains no detectable matrix polypeptides. This suggests that the major matrix polypeptides are localized in specific structural regions of the nucleus, i.e., nuclear envelope, nucleoli, and interchromatinic structures. The presence of cytochrome oxidase activity in the isolated nuclear matrix indicates that at least some integral proteins of the nuclear membrane are associated with the matrix.
The molecular machines that mediate microRNA maturation

• Introduction • miRNAs originate from primary RNA transcripts • The Microprocessor initiates miRNA processing • Nuclear proteins regulate activity of the Microprocessor • Intronic pre‐miRNAs can bypass the Microprocessor • The Exportin‐5 Complex transports pre‐miRNA to the cytoplasm • The RISC‐Loading Complex completes miRNA maturation • Mature miRNAs silence target genes from within RISC • Discussion and future directions