Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interdependence of episodic and semantic memory: Evidence from neuropsychology

Abstract Tulving’s (1972) theory of memory draws a distinction between general knowledge (semantic memory) and memory for events (episodic memory). Neuropsychological studies have generally examined each type of memory in isolation, but theorists have long argued that these two forms of memory are interdependent. Here we review several lines of neuropsychological research that have explored the interdependence of episodic and semantic memory. The studies show that these forms of memory can affect each other both at encoding and at retrieval. We suggest that theories of memory should be revised to account for all of the interdependencies between episodic and semantic memory; they should also incorporate forms of memory that do not fit neatly into either category. (JINS, 2010, 16, 748–753.)
From Demand Response in Smart Grid Toward Integrated Demand Response in Smart Energy Hub

The proliferation of technologies such as combine heat and power systems has accelerated the integration of energy resources in energy hubs. Besides, the advances in smart grid technologies motivate the electricity utility companies toward developing demand response (DR) programs to influence the electricity usage behavior of the customers. In this paper, we modify the conventional DR programs in smart grid to develop an integrated DR (IDR) program for multiple energy carriers fed into an energy hub in smart grid, namely a smart energy (S. E.) hub. In our model, the IDR program is formulated for the electricity and natural gas networks. The interaction among the S. E. hubs is modeled as an ordinal potential game with unique Nash equilibrium. Besides, a distributed algorithm is developed to determine the equilibrium. Simulation results show that in addition to load shifting, the customers in the S. E. hubs can participate in the IDR program by switching the energy resources (e.g., from the electricity to the natural gas) during the peak hours. Moreover, the IDR program can increase the S. E. hubs' daily payoff and the utility companies' daily profit.
T cell receptor gene recombination patterns and mechanisms: cell death, rescue, and T cell production

The antigen-specific receptors of T and B lymphocytes are generated by somatic recombination between noncontiguous gene segments encoding the variable portions of these molecules. The semirandom nature of this process, while desirable for the generation of diversity, has been thought to exact a high price in terms of sterile (out-of-frame) products. Historically, the majority of T lymphocytes generated in mammals were thought to be useless, either because they generated such sterile rearrangements or because the receptors generated did not appropriately recognize self-molecules (i.e., positive and negative selection). In the studies described here, we characterize the onset of T cell receptor (TCR) alpha and beta chain gene rearrangements and quantitate their progression throughout T cell development. The results show that T cell production efficiency is enhanced through (a) rearrangement of TCR-beta chain genes early during T cell development, with selective expansion of those cells possessing in-frame rearrangements; (b) deletion of sterile rearrangements at the TCR-alpha chain locus through ordered (proximal to distal) sequential recombination; and (c) modification of nonselectable alpha/beta heterodimer specificities through generation and expression of new TCR- alpha chains. In addition, we demonstrate strict correlations between successful TCR-beta gene rearrangement, the onset of TCR-alpha gene rearrangement, rapid cell division, and programmed cell death, which together serve to maintain cell turnover and homeostasis during T cell development.
Polyhedral Conic Classifiers for Visual Object Detection and Classification

We propose a family of quasi-linear discriminants that outperform current large-margin methods in sliding window visual object detection and open set recognition tasks. In these tasks the classification problems are both numerically imbalanced &#x2013; positive (object class) training and test windows are much rarer than negative (non-class) ones &#x2013; and geometrically asymmetric &#x2013; the positive samples typically form compact, visually-coherent groups while negatives are much more diverse, including anything at all that is not a well-centred sample from the target class. It is difficult to cover such negative classes using training samples, and doubly so in open set applications where run-time negatives may stem from classes that were not seen at all during training. So there is a need for discriminants whose decision regions focus on tightly circumscribing the positive class, while still taking account of negatives in zones where the two classes overlap. This paper introduces a family of quasi-linear polyhedral conic discriminants whose positive regions are distorted L1 balls. The methods have properties and run-time complexities comparable to linear Support Vector Machines (SVMs), and they can be trained from either binary or positive-only samples using constrained quadratic programs related to SVMs. Our experiments show that they significantly outperform both linear SVMs and existing one-class discriminants on a wide range of object detection, open set recognition and conventional closed-set classification tasks.
Use of mathematical modeling to inform Chlamydia screening policy decisions.

1. Dooley KE, Flexner C, Andrade AS. Drug interactions involving combination antiretroviral therapy and other anti-infective agents: repercussions for resource-limited countries. J Infect Dis 2008; 198:948 – 61. 2. Benet LZ, Cummins CL, Wu CY. Unmasking the dynamic interplay between efflux transporters and metabolic enzymes. Int J Pharm 2004; 277:3–9. 3. Dixit V, Hariprasad N, Li F, Desai P, Thummel KE, Unadkat JD. Cytochrome P450 enzymes and transporters induced by antihuman immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors in human hepatocytes: implications for predicting clinical drug interactions. Drug Metab Dispos 2007; 35:1853–9. 4. Lau YY, Huang Y, Frassetto L, Benet LZ. Effect of OATP1B transporter inhibition on the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007; 81:194–204. 5. Treiber A, Schneiter R, Häusler S, Stieger B. Bosentan is a substrate of human OATP1B1 and OATP1B3: inhibition of hepatic uptake as the common mechanism of its interactions with cyclosporin A, rifampicin, and sildenafil. Drug Metab Dispos 2007; 35:1400 –7. 6. Weiss M, Hung DY, Poenicke K, Roberts MS. Kinetic analysis of saturable hepatic uptake of digoxin and its inhibition by rifampicin. Eur J Pharm Sci 2008; 34:345–50. 7. Burgess G, Hoogkamer H, Collings L, Dingermanse J. Mutual pharmacokinetic interactions between steady-state bosentan and sildenafil. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2008; 64:43–50. 8. Oswald S, Giessmann T, Luetjohann D. Disposition and sterol-lowering effect of ezetimibe are influenced by single-dose coadministration of rifampin, an inhibitor of multidrug transport proteins. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2006; 80: 477–85. 9. Naesens M, Kuypers DR, Streit F, et al. Rifampin induces alterations in mycophenolic acid glucuronidation and elimination: implications for drug exposure in renal allograft recipients. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2006; 80:509–21. 10. Hirani VN, Raucy JL, Lasker JM. Conversion of the HIV protease inhibitor nelfinavir to a bioactive metabolite by human liver CYP2C19. Drug Metab Dispos 2004; 32:1462–7.
A Tripole Pattern of Summertime Rainfall and the Teleconnections Linking Northern China to the Indian Subcontinent

Because of the interactive margin between the East Asian summer monsoon and westerly circulation, summer rainfall in northern China (NC) exhibits high variability. By employing reanalysis data and geostationary satellite data from the Fengyun-2G (FY-2G) satellite and using the linear baroclinic model (LBM) and Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model, this study suggests a tripole pattern in summer rainfall over NC and the Indian subcontinent (IS) that is related to the Indian summer monsoon. The distributions of atmospheric circulation indicate three teleconnections: one is from the IS via the Indo-China Peninsula (ICP) and NC, enhancing the Pacific–Japan (PJ) pattern; another is from the IS via west-central Asia and NC, arousing a Eurasian wave pattern; and the third is an IS–TP–NC pattern via the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Those teleconnections modulate vorticity and atmospheric stability over NC. In addition, along with the circulation distribution related to those teleconnections, two pathways of moisture transport related to the IS rainfall are suggested, except for moisture transport via the Bay of Bengal: one is from the Indo-Pacific to NC due to enhancing cyclones over the Indo-Pacific and a PJ-like pattern; and another is from the IS to NC via the TP within the midtroposphere, which modulates midtroposphere moisture fluxes and atmospheric stability over NC. Both teleconnections and moisture transport result in anomalous rainfall over NC. This study reveals a new mechanism and pathway of the Indian summer monsoon impacting NC rainfall, possibly explaining the reason behind the high variability in NC rainfall.
Regulation of Nanog Expression by Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-dependent Signaling in Murine Embryonic Stem Cells*

Embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency is regulated by a combination of extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Previously we have demonstrated that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent signaling is required for efficient self-renewal of murine ES cells. In the study presented here, we have investigated the downstream molecular mechanisms that contribute to the ability of PI3Ks to regulate pluripotency. We show that inhibition of PI3K activity with either pharmacological or genetic tools results in decreased expression of RNA for the homeodomain transcription factor Nanog and decreased Nanog protein levels. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) activity by PI3Ks plays a key role in regulation of Nanog expression, because blockade of GSK-3 activity effectively reversed the effects of PI3K inhibition on Nanog RNA, and protein expression and self-renewal under these circumstances were restored. Furthermore, GSK-3 mutants mimicked the effects of PI3K or GSK-3 inhibition on Nanog expression. Importantly, expression of an inducible form of Nanog prevented the loss of self-renewal observed upon inhibition of PI3Ks, supporting a functional relationship between PI3Ks and Nanog expression. In addition, expression of a number of putative Nanog target genes was sensitive to PI3K inhibition. Thus, the new evidence provided in this study shows that PI3K-dependent regulation of ES cell self-renewal is mediated, at least in part, by the ability of PI3K signaling to maintain Nanog expression. Regulation of GSK-3 activity by PI3Ks appears to play a key role in this process.
The Rocky Reality of Roadways and Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus): An Intersection of Spatial, Thermal, and Road Ecology

SISSON, GARRETT P., M.S., August 2017, Biological Sciences The Rocky Reality of Roadways and Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus): An Intersection of Spatial, Thermal, and Road Ecology Directors of Thesis: Willem M. Roosenburg and Shawn R. Kuchta A major challenge in conservation biology is balancing human transportation needs with biodiversity. I studied a remnant population of Ohio-endangered Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) in a forested landscape recently fragmented by a fourlane highway that featured crossing structures and exclusion fencing. I evaluated the success of mitigation structures for reptiles while also quantifying the impacts of the road on rattlesnake spatial and thermal ecology using a combination of radio telemetry, markrecapture, mortality surveys, camera traps, operative temperature modeling, and resource selection functions. Fencing was not successful in excluding reptiles from the right-ofway due to structural and design failings, and reptiles did not use the crossing structures to maintain connectivity across the road. Gravid rattlesnakes used habitats within the road corridor throughout gestation, while conspecifics avoided open canopy areas beyond the forest edge. The road corridor provided warmer temperatures for more hours of the day compared with the forest, but also exceeded voluntary maximum temperatures at the surface. My models indicated that most of the available gestation habitat was predicted to be concentrated within the road corridor. The placement of exclusion fencing should be adjusted to allow access to favorable habitats within the road corridor while also preventing road mortality.
Specificity of the Acute Tryptophan and Tyrosine Plus Phenylalanine Depletion and Loading Tests Part II: Normalisation of the Tryptophan and the Tyrosine Plus Phenylalanine to Competing Amino Acid Ratios in a New Control Formulation

Current formulations for acute tryptophan (Trp) or tyrosine (Tyr) plus phenylalanine (Phe) depletion and loading cause undesirable decreases in ratios of Trp or Tyr + Phe to competing amino acids (CAA), thus undermining the specificities of these tests. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) cause these unintended decreases, and lowering their content in a new balanced control formulation in the present study led to normalization of all ratios. Four groups (n = 12 each) of adults each received one of four 50 g control formulations, with 0% (traditional), 20%, 30%, or 40% less of the BCAA. The free and total [Trp]/[CAA] and [Phe + Tyr]/[BCAA+ Trp] ratios all decreased significantly during the first 5 h following the traditional formulation, but were fully normalized by the formulation containing 40% less of the BCAA. We recommend the latter as a balanced control formulation and propose adjustments in the depletion and loading formulations to enhance their specificities for 5-HT and the catecholamines.
A Survey of Large Molecules toward the Proto-Planetary Nebula CRL 618

We present the results of our survey toward the proto-planetary nebula CRL 618 for several large, highly saturated, oxygen-bearing organic molecules of biological importance including acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), acetic acid (CH3COOH), dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3), ethanol (CH3CH2OH), formic acid (HCOOH) and methyl formate (HCOOCH3); large carbon chain molecules including methyl cyanide (CH3CN), methylcyanoacetylene (CH3C3N), cyanoacetylene (HC3N), cyanodiacetylene (HC5N), and C6H; and, finally, smaller molecules including 34SO, SO2, OC34S, and MgNC. No biologically important organic molecules were detected. However, we report the first interferometric detections of CH3CN and vibrationally excited HC3N and HC5N toward this source. The temperature and distribution of CH3CN toward CRL 618 indicates that it is formed in the outer envelope surrounding the ultracompact H II region. Furthermore, the P Cygni line profile and corresponding channel maps of vibrationally excited HC5N support its distribution in the extended envelope expanding radially from the central star. The detection of vibrationally excited HC3N confirmed the temperature structure and column density of HC3N in the inner envelope found by Wyrowski and colleagues. Finally, our observations clearly indicate that CRL 618 is a good source of large carbon chain species but a very poor source for detecting or producing organic species of biological importance.
Price-Quoting Strategies of a Tier-Two Supplier

This paper studies the price-quoting strategies used by a tier-two supplier, whose tier-one customers compete for an OEM’s indivisible contract. At most one of the tier-two supplier’s quotes will ultimately result in downstream contracting and hence produce revenue for her. We characterize the tier-two supplier’s optimal price-quoting strategies and show that she will use one of two possible types of strategies, with her choice depending on the tier-one suppliers’ profit potentials: secure, whereby she will always have business; or risky, whereby she may not have business. Addressing potential fairness concerns, we also study pricequoting strategies in which all tier-one suppliers receive equal quotes. Finally, we show that a tier-two supplier’s optimal mechanism resembles auctioning a single quote among the tierone suppliers. This paper can assist tier-two suppliers in their pricing decisions, and provides general insights into multi-tier supply chains’ pricing dynamics.
Effect of variation in the COPD breathing flow pattern on end-tidal CO2 tension: An in vitro study

Aim: The goal of this work was to find out if the variation in breathing flow pattern alone (without change in tidal volume and respiratory rate) changes the end-tidal CO2 tension (EtCO2) enough to affect the health of a patient. The influence of I:E ratio on EtCO2 was also investigated. Method: Four breathing flow patterns belonging to different individuals diagnosed with COPD were collected from the literature. These were scaled to the same tidal volume, respiratory rate and I:E ratio, leaving shape as the only varying parameter. A programmable piston pump was used to reproduce the breathing flow patterns in an anatomically correct adult upper airway model (3D printed in acrylic, Visijet Ex200). CO2 was simultaneously bled into the pump chamber at steady rate to mimic metabolic CO2 production, followed by the measurement of EtCO2 with and without 30 L/min of nasal high flow therapy. Results: Breathing flow patterns varying in shape but not in tidal volume, respiratory rate and I:E ratio can produce statistically significant differences in EtCO2. The variability in EtCO2 was however found to be small (1 2%) and unlikely to be physiologically relevant. A 35% fall in I:E ratio corresponded to a 2% rise in EtCO2. 30 L/min of NHF reduced EtCO2 by approximately 20%. Conclusion: Shape alone can cause a statistically significant difference in EtCO2 however the difference in EtCO2 is small. A 35% reduction in I:E ratio results in a 2% rise in EtCO2. Correspondence to: Mark C. Jermy, Centre for Bioengineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, New Zealand, E-mail: mark. jermy@canterbury.ac. nz
Robustly Solvable Constraint Satisfaction Problems

An algorithm for a constraint satisfaction problem is called robust if it outputs an assignment satisfying at least $(1-g(\varepsilon))$-fraction of the constraints given a $(1-\varepsilon)$-satisfiable instance, where $g(\varepsilon) \rightarrow 0$ as $\varepsilon \rightarrow 0$. Guruswami and Zhou conjectured a characterization of constraint languages for which the corresponding constraint satisfaction problem admits an efficient robust algorithm. This paper confirms their conjecture.
Aberrant NF-KappaB Expression in Autism Spectrum Condition: A Mechanism for Neuroinflammation

Autism spectrum condition (ASC) is recognized as having an inflammatory component. Post-mortem brain samples from patients with ASC display neuroglial activation and inflammatory markers in cerebrospinal fluid, although little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is a protein found in almost all cell types and mediates regulation of immune response by inducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, establishing a feedback mechanism that can produce chronic or excessive inflammation. This article describes immunodetection and immunofluorescence measurements of NF-κB in human post-mortem samples of orbitofrontal cortex tissue donated to two independent centers: London Brain Bank, Kings College London, UK (ASC: n = 3, controls: n = 4) and Autism Tissue Program, Harvard Brain Bank, USA (ASC: n = 6, controls: n = 5). The hypothesis was that concentrations of NF-κB would be elevated, especially in activated microglia in ASC, and pH would be concomitantly reduced (i.e., acidification). Neurons, astrocytes, and microglia all demonstrated increased extranuclear and nuclear translocated NF-κB p65 expression in brain tissue from ASC donors relative to samples from matched controls. These between-groups differences were increased in astrocytes and microglia relative to neurons, but particularly pronounced for highly mature microglia. Measurement of pH in homogenized samples demonstrated a 0.98-unit difference in means and a strong (F = 98.3; p = 0.00018) linear relationship to the expression of nuclear translocated NF-κB in mature microglia. Acridine orange staining localized pH reductions to lysosomal compartments. In summary, NF-κB is aberrantly expressed in orbitofrontal cortex in patients with ASC, as part of a putative molecular cascade leading to inflammation, especially of resident immune cells in brain regions associated with the behavioral and clinical symptoms of ASC.
Send Orders of Reprints at Reprints@benthamscience.net Acute Infection in Total Knee Arthroplasty: Diagnosis and Treatment

Infection is one of the most serious complications after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The current incidence of prosthetic knee infection is 1-3%, depending on the series. For treatment and control to be more cost effective, multidisciplinary groups made up of professionals from different specialities who can work together to eradicate these kinds of infections need to be assembled. About the microbiology, Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococcus were among the most frequent microorganisms involved (74%). Anamnesis and clinical examination are of primary importance in order to determine whether the problem may point to a possible acute septic complication. The first diagnosis may then be supported by increased CRP and ESR levels. The surgical treatment for a chronic prosthetic knee infection has been perfectly defined and standardized, and consists in a two-stage implant revision process. In contrast, the treatment for acute prosthetic knee infection is currently under debate. Considering the different surgical techniques that already exist, surgical debridement with conservation of the prosthesis and polythene revision appears to be an attractive option for both surgeon and patient, as it is less aggressive than the two-stage revision process and has lower initial costs. The different results obtained from this technique, along with prognosis factors and conclusions to keep in mind when it is indicated for an acute prosthetic infection, whether post-operative or haematogenous, will be analysed by the authors.
Loss of proteolytically processed filaggrin caused by epidermal deletion of Matriptase/MT-SP1

Profilaggrin is a large epidermal polyprotein that is proteolytically processed during keratinocyte differentiation to release multiple filaggrin monomer units as well as a calcium-binding regulatory NH2-terminal filaggrin S-100 protein. We show that epidermal deficiency of the transmembrane serine protease Matriptase/MT-SP1 perturbs lipid matrix formation, cornified envelope morphogenesis, and stratum corneum desquamation. Surprisingly, proteomic analysis of Matriptase/MT-SP1–deficient epidermis revealed the selective loss of both proteolytically processed filaggrin monomer units and the NH2-terminal filaggrin S-100 regulatory protein. This was associated with a profound accumulation of profilaggrin and aberrant profilaggrin-processing products in the stratum corneum. The data identify keratinocyte Matriptase/MT-SP1 as an essential component of the profilaggrin-processing pathway and a key regulator of terminal epidermal differentiation.