Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ethical issues in anatomic pathology.

To the Editor: Bravo to William Murphy for his editorial addressing ethical issues in anatomic pathology. It is nice to know that there are still people in our field who are practical, thoughtful, and willing to convey their opinions. As a practicing pathologist for 15 years, I continually find myself wishing for the old days, where hematoxylin and eosin morphology was the gold standard, even though I trained in the era when immunochemistry was the most promising new tool in surgical pathology. I have welltrained junior associates who cannot diagnose classic, textbook, benign soft-tissue lesions without the use of multiple brown stains. I am increasingly irritated by clinical colleagues who want to “order” (ie, dictate) ancillary stains that will add nothing to my interpretation. Recently, an oncologist asked me to perform C-kit on a locally recurrent, now aggressive pleomorphic adenoma because the patient refused surgery! (I refused.) The amount of pathology literature is overwhelming. I cannot deal with the proliferation of mediocre-to-poor pathology journals. How many times can we replay the immunohistochemistry of a rare tumor, and do we need any more papers on keratin 903 and prostate cancer? I have only rarely used that immunostain, and I am tired of seeing those articles. What we need are articles on new technology, unusual lesions that present diagnostic challenges, insights into pathogenesis, and practical issues such as grading/reporting schemes that make sense (which was greatly welcomed for breast cancer). I am a “private practice” pathologist at a tertiary care hospital in a major medical center, where I am continually put to the test against a well-known cancer center and two different academic institutions. Without compromising my ethical and practical approach, I have somehow managed to keep up with them and, in many instances, to stay ahead of them diagnostically, initiating new diagnostic terminology or ancillary studies when appropriate. I applaud and support Dr. Murphy not only for his candor, but also for his excellent suggestions on how we as a profession may respond to the current challenges.
Selected Factors Determining the Content of Lactoferrin, Lysozyme and Immunoglobulins G in Bovine Milk

According to the statement "prevention is better than cure" the consumers’ concern about their health increases, which is reflected in the sales of products supporting the immune system. Such products are made of milk and colostrum, especially the immune proteins isolated from them. These proteins are increasingly used to enrich baby food, dietary medications or high-protein formulas recommended for convalescents and athletes. Furthermore, these proteins are used in pharmacology and cosmetology. They play a major role in the transmission of passive immunity to the offspring and protect the host mammary gland (Gapper et al., 2007; Stelwagen et al., 2009). This group of proteins include immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase and lysozyme. Increasingly, these milk components are used by humans for the prophylactic or therapeutic aims.
iFogSim: A toolkit for modeling and simulation of resource management techniques in the Internet of Things, Edge and Fog computing environments

Internet of Things (IoT) aims to bring every object (eg, smart cameras, wearable, environmental sensors, home appliances, and vehicles) online, hence generating massive volume of data that can overwhelm storage systems and data analytics applications. Cloud computing offers services at the infrastructure level that can scale to IoT storage and processing requirements. However, there are applications such as health monitoring and emergency response that require low latency, and delay that is caused by transferring data to the cloud and then back to the application can seriously impact their performances. To overcome this limitation, Fog computing paradigm has been proposed, where cloud services are extended to the edge of the network to decrease the latency and network congestion. To realize the full potential of Fog and IoT paradigms for real‐time analytics, several challenges need to be addressed. The first and most critical problem is designing resource management techniques that determine which modules of analytics applications are pushed to each edge device to minimize the latency and maximize the throughput. To this end, we need an evaluation platform that enables the quantification of performance of resource management policies on an IoT or Fog computing infrastructure in a repeatable manner. In this paper we propose a simulator, called iFogSim, to model IoT and Fog environments and measure the impact of resource management techniques in latency, network congestion, energy consumption, and cost. We describe two case studies to demonstrate modeling of an IoT environment and comparison of resource management policies. Moreover, scalability of the simulation toolkit of RAM consumption and execution time is verified under different circumstances.
Virucidal Efficacy of Soap and Water against Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Genital Secretions

ABSTRACT A common bar soap and tap water solution was able to demonstrate a 30-fold human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) inactivation and a 57 to 87% reduction in viable peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a mixture of cervicovaginal lavage fluid and seminal fluid. These observations indicate that soap and water might be used to inactivate HIV and HIV-infected cells in genital secretions.
Porcine Brain Microvessel Endothelial Cells (PBMEC) as an In Vitro Model to Predict In Vivo Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) Permeability

The objective of the study was to establish primary cultured porcine brain microvessel endothelial cells (PBMEC) as an in vitro model to predict the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in vivo . The intercellular tight junction formation of PBMEC was examined by electron microscopy and measured by Transendothelial Electrical Resistance (TEER). The mRNA expression of several BBB transporters in PBMEC was determined by RT-PCR analysis. The in vitro permeability of 16 structurally diverse compounds, representing a range of passive diffusion and transporter-mediated mechanisms of brain penetration, was determined in PBMEC. Except for the perfusion flow rate marker diazepam, the BBB permeability of these compounds was determined either in our laboratory or reported in literature using in situ brain perfusion technique in rats. Results in the present study showed that PBMEC had a high endothelium homogeneity, an mRNA expression of several BBB transporters, and high TEER values. Culturing with rat astrocyte-conditioned medium increased the TEER of PBMEC, but had no effect on the permeability of sucrose, a paracellular diffusion marker. The PBMEC permeability of lipophilic compounds measured under stirred conditions was greatly increased compared to measured under unstirred conditions. The PBMEC permeability of the 15 test compounds, determined under the optimized study conditions, correlated with the in situ BBB permeability with an r 2 of 0.60. Removal of the three system L substrates increased the r 2 to 0.89. In conclusion, the present PBMEC model may be used to predict or rank the in vivo BBB permeability of new chemical entities (NCEs) in a drug discovery setting.
Further results in carrier frequency estimation for transmissions over flat fading channels

A data-aided feedforward algorithm has been proposed by Kuo and Fitz (see IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.45, p.1412-26, 1997) for carrier frequency estimation in M-ary phase-shift keying (PSK) transmissions over frequency-flat Rayleigh fading channels. Its accuracy is very good but the estimation range may be limited under certain operating conditions. Also, its application requires a knowledge of the Doppler bandwidth. We show that the estimation range can be greatly extended without sacrificing the estimation accuracy and a simple technique is indicated to measure the Doppler bandwidth. This allows the algorithm to operate in an adaptive manner in a time-varying environment.
Conformational energy and configurational statistics of poly-L-proline.

Two distinctly different forms of poly-L-proline designated I and II, respectively, have been investigated in the solid state'-I and in solution.4' I In form I the imide group is in the cis configuration;3 in form II it is trans." 2 Hydrogen bonds of the kind usually occurring in polypeptides are precluded by the absence of an amido hydrogen. Hence, the helical structures occurring in the solid state' must be dictated by other factors, predominantly steric in origin. The conformational energies of internal alanyl and glycyl residues were estimated previously by use of semiempirical potential functions for intrinsic bond torsional potentials, for interactions between nonbonded atoms, and for dipole-dipole interactions.6' 7 Energies were calculated for various values of the angles of rotation so and 41 about the N-Ca and Ca C bonds, respectively. The partition function, average chain dimensions, and other average quantities were obtained by assigning a Boltzmann factor, e-Ei/RT, for suitably chosen values of (pi and /'i for each residue i and summing over all "states" wO,4' so defined, and over all residues.6-8 Good agreement was established between theoretical and experimental values of the mean-square unperturbed end-to-end distance6-9 and the mean-square dipole moment10 for polypeptide chains of varying amino acid composition and sequence.6-'0 The configuration of the poly-L-proline chain with all units trans is the main concern of the present paper. The rotation angle (p is taken to be fixed by the rigid geometry of the pyrrolidine ring; hence, the conformational energy of a residue depends on t,' alone. Further studies" dealing with poly-L-proline I and the cooperative I ;# II transition are reported in brief. Calculation of the Conformational Energy and Chain Dimensions.-Two units of a poly-L-proline II chain are displayed in Figure 1. All bond lengths and bond angles are taken from Sasisekharan's X-ray and optical diffraction investigation of poly-L-proline II.2 The imide group is assigned to the planar trans configuration. The distance between consecutive a-carbon atoms is then fixed at lu = 3.80 A. A poly-L-proline chain consisting of x + 1 residues may be treated, therefore, as a sequence of x virtual bonds of length llu joining the consecutive a-carbon atoms of x + 1 residues. Conformational energies of a trans L-prolyl residue in a poly-Lproline II chain were calculated by summing over all van der Waals repulsive (VR,,k) and London attractive (VLJk) interactions between atoms separated by one rotation angle VI. The semiempirical potential functions and parameters obtained by Brant et al.7 were used. Dipolar interactions between adjacent imide groups and the intrinsic torsional potential about the Cot C bond were legitimately neglected; these contributions to the energy are of minor importance in this chain which is subject to stringent steric hindrances (cf. Discussion). The potential associated with rotations about the Ca-C bond, accordingly, is taken to be
Nucleoside transporter proteins as biomarkers of drug responsiveness and drug targets

Nucleoside and nucleobase analogs are currently used in the treatment of solid tumors, lymphoproliferative diseases, viral infections such as hepatitis and AIDS, and some inflammatory diseases such as Crohn. Two gene families are implicated in the uptake of nucleosides and nucleoside analogs into cells, SCL28 and SLC29. The former encodes hCNT1, hCNT2, and hCNT3 proteins. They translocate nucleosides in a Na+ coupled manner with high affinity and some substrate selectivity, being hCNT1 and hCNT2 pyrimidine- and purine-preferring, respectively, and hCNT3 a broad selectivity transporter. SLC29 genes encode four members, being hENT1 and hENT2 the only two which are unequivocally implicated in the translocation of nucleosides and nucleobases (the latter mostly via hENT2) at the cell plasma membrane. Some nucleoside-derived drugs can also interact with and be translocated by members of the SLC22 gene family, particularly hOCT and hOAT proteins. Inter-individual differences in transporter function and perhaps, more importantly, altered expression associated with the disease itself might modulate the transporter profile of target cells, thereby determining drug bioavailability and action. Drug transporter pharmacology has been periodically reviewed. Thus, with this contribution we aim at providing a state-of-the-art overview of the clinical evidence generated so far supporting the concept that these membrane proteins can indeed be biomarkers suitable for diagnosis and/or prognosis. Last but not least, some of these transporter proteins can also be envisaged as drug targets, as long as they can show “transceptor” functions, in some cases related to their role as modulators of extracellular adenosine levels, thereby providing a functional link between P1 receptors and transporters.
A Single-Chip WCDMA Envelope Reconstruction LDMOS PA with 130MHz Switched-Mode Power Supply

This paper presents a single-chip ER circuit for cellular applications. It includes a high-band PA and its switched-mode supply modulator on the same silicon die, which avoids the need for an external GaAs chip. The differential PA reaches 60% PAE at 31dBm with a 1.95GHz carrier. The supply modulator is a single- coil SMPS with no additional linear amplifier. It features a 15MHz AC bandwidth without pre-distortion thanks to its 130MHz PWM and achieves 83% peak efficiency at 2W output power. The overall transmitter peak PAE with a WCDMA signal is 49% at 27dBm and at 3.6V supply voltage. Careful PCB implementation keeps switching harmonics below -60dBc. The ER system achieves -39/-47dBc 1st/2nd ACLR and rms EVM below 4% at 27dBm without pre-distortion, in compliance with WCDMA requirements.
Differences in the ingestion mechanisms of IgG and C3b particles in phagocytosis by neutrophils.

A prominent feature of the surface interaction between the phagocyte and particles coated with IgG and C3b is its remarkably discriminatory character. IgG primarily promotes ingestion whereas C3b primarily promotes attachment. However, in several systems the C3b molecule is reported to cause membrane pertubation as efficiently as the IgG molecule. In this study we have used yeast particles coated with specific IgG or C3b as preys in a newly developed phagocytic assay. The number of particles interacting with polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) was correlated with effector responses monitored as percentage ingested particles, superoxide anion production, and sensitivity of the ingestion process to cytochalasin B. During phagocytosis only 60% of PMN-associated yeast-C3b particles were ingested compared with 95% of yeast IgG. In cytochalasin B treated PMN, where ingestion was virtually abolished, attached yeast IgG-induced superoxide anion production whereas the same number of attached yeast C3b did not. Attempts to induce superoxide anion production in the C3b system failed by increasing incubation time, number of added particles or by increasing the concentration of the opsonizing protein. A low concentration of cytochalasin B (1 μg/ml) decreased the IgG-dependent ingestion to 65% without affecting the C3b-dependent ingestion. The results indicate the existence of different ingestion processes in PMN—one more `basal' ingestion process represented by the C3b-promoted ingestion independent of membrane activation and another `active' ingestion process represented by the IgG-promoted ingestion dependent on membrane activation and an active response of the PMN.
Do Public Disclosures Increase or Decrease Information Asymmetry ? New Evidence from Analyst Forecast Announcements

Prior literature provides evidence that public information releases such as earnings announcements and management forecasts increase information asymmetry around the announcement. This study is the first to suggest and find evidence that the opposite is true in a release of public information by analysts. We illustrate the general insight that the announcement of public information can either increase or decrease information asymmetry at the announcement date. In particular, the direction of the effect depends upon the extent to which the information is already known by sophisticated investors, and the processing time of new information by market participants. We show that in contrast to earnings announcements and management earnings forecasts, analyst forecasts decrease information asymmetry. Further, we show that the effect of analyst forecasts on information asymmetry is mitigated after exogenous decreases in analysts’ ability to obtain private information, which reduces the plausibility of alternative explanations of our main findings. Our analyses provide evidence that while firminitiated information releases introduce frictions at the release date, analyst forecasts have the opposite effect. These findings enhance our understanding of effects of public release of information in capital markets. We thank Ann Beyer, Edwige Cheynel, Trevor Harris, Alon Kalay, Wayne Landsman, Nahum Melamud, Gil Sadka, Steve Stubben and Jerry Zimmerman for helpful comments and suggestions. * Corresponding author. Tel. : +15852751079; fax: +15852731140. E-mail address: edward.owens@simon.rochester. edu
A Virtual Network Allocation Algorithm for Reliability Negotiation

The Internet has become a primary means of communication, even though it currently does not guarantee Quality of Service (QoS). In order to tackle with this problem, companies establish Service Level Agreements (SLA) with their providers, including the reliability of services. This paper shows an algorithm for virtual network allocation in a reliability context, where some techniques of disjoint path and reliability calculation are used to deploy the virtual network according to the client's specification. Simulations using real network topologies show the capacity of the algorithm to deploy the virtual network according to the client requirements.
Dynamic assessment and prediction of learning potential in clients with unilateral neglect.

OBJECTIVE We investigated the application of dynamic assessment in examining learning potential for adults with right hemisphere stroke and unilateral neglect. METHODS Forty adults with right cerebrovascular accident were randomly assigned to a control or dynamic group. Both groups were administered standard pretests and posttests of unilateral neglect. The dynamic group received cues, strategy training, and feedback during an object search task. RESULTS Multivariate analysis of covariance indicated significant differences between groups on the object search task, with reduced unilateral neglect in the dynamic group. Greater initiation of left-sided search, strategy use, and near and intermediate transfer of learning were observed in the dynamic group. CONCLUSIONS The brief dynamic assessment, developed for this study, provided an opportunity to observe the client's ability to incorporate strategy training and feedback across visual search tasks. This assessment approach has the potential to characterize learning profiles and to guide intervention decisions.
User interface design with matrix algebra

It is usually very hard, both for designers and users, to reason reliably about user interfaces. This article shows that 'push button' and 'point and click' user interfaces are algebraic structures. Users effectively do algebra when they interact, and therefore we can be precise about some important design issues and issues of usability. Matrix algebra, in particular, is useful for explicit calculation and for proof of various user interface properties.With matrix algebra, we are able to undertake with ease unusally thorough reviews of real user interfaces: this article examines a mobile phone, a handheld calculator and a digital multimeter as case studies, and draws general conclusions about the approach and its relevance to design.
Discriminating Down Syndrome and Fragile X Syndrome based on language ability*

ABSTRACT This study compared the receptive and expressive language profiles of verbally expressive children and adolescents with Down Syndrome (DS) and those with Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and examined the extent to which these profiles reliably differentiate the diagnostic groups. A total of twenty-four verbal participants with DS (mean age: 12 years), twenty-two verbal participants with FXS (mean age: 12 years), and twenty-seven participants with typical development (TD; mean age = 4 years) completed standardized measures of receptive and expressive vocabulary and grammar, as well as a conversational language sample. Study results indicate that there are distinct DS and FXS language profiles, which are characterized by differences in grammatical ability. The diagnostic groups were not differentiated based on vocabulary performance. This study supports the existence of unique language profiles associated with DS and FXS.
Optimal Timing of a Single Dose of Zoledronic Acid to Increase Strength in Rat Fracture Repair

We hypothesized that ZA treatment would bolster fracture repair. In a rat model for closed fracture healing, a single dose of ZA at 0, 1, or 2 wk after fracture significantly increased BMC and strength of the healed fracture. Delaying the dose (1 or 2 wk after fracture) displayed superior results compared with dosing at the time of fracture.
Teaching, learning and assessing HRD: Findings from a BMAF/UFHRD research project

Purpose – This paper seeks to analyse and explore the results of a research project, which aimed to identify recent and current research on TLA within HRD programmes. From that base the project also intended to identify areas for future research and a basis for establishing a Special Interest Group.Design/methodology/approach – A comprehensive review of the literature was undertaken and an electronic questionnaire survey was conducted of academic members of the UFHRD, EHRHD and AHRD databases. This provided coverage of widespread international population.Findings – Findings suggest that while research into HRD as a subject and academic discipline is very healthy, there is a dearth of research into the TLA of HRD educational programmes or at least research that is published. They also suggest that academics involved in delivering HRD programmes would welcome support in TLA through additional and new resources as well as ideas on innovative approaches and methods of TLA. TLA in HRD, though, is subject to so.
Propagation Channel Characteristics of Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks [Wireless Corner]

The wireless channel in an industrial environment behaves much differently when compared with wave propagation in home and office environments. This is due to the presence of significant noise and interference caused by large machinery and heavy multipath propagation effects induced by highly reflective structures. In this article, a comprehensive review of radio wave propagation in an industrial environment is presented. The reported channel models and measurement results, at different frequencies and link configurations, of path loss, noise, interference, multipath propagation, and time-varying channel conditions are discussed, and the factors that influence them are highlighted. In addition, open research issues on the propagation of radio waves in an industrial environment are identified.