Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Book reading interactions between African American and Puerto Rican Head Start children and their mothers

In keeping with a sociocultural view of children’s literacy development, this study investigated the book reading behaviors of African American and Puerto Rican mothers and their Head Start children. Ten African American and 10 Puerto Rican mothers and their children participated. The communicative behaviors of the mothers and children produced during book reading were analyzed and the book reading styles of the dyads were also identified. Results revealed that mothers read the text from the books, responded to their children and asked questions most frequently. The children responded to their mothers’ utterances, produced labels/comments, and asked questions most frequently. Puerto Rican mothers produced significantly more labels/comments than did African American mothers. Puerto Rican children had higher assertiveness ratios than their African American counterparts. Four book reading styles were identified in the two groups. Implications for developing interventions that incorporate families’ literacy practices are discussed.
Perceiving pervasive discrimination among African Americans: Implications for group identification and well-being.

The processes involved in well-being maintenance among African Americans who differed in their attributions to prejudice were examined. A rejection-iden tification model was proposed where stable attributions to prejudice represent rejection by the dominant group. This results in a direct and negative effect on well-being. The model also predicts a positive effect on well-being that is mediated by minority group identification. In other words, the generally negative consequences of perceiving oneself as a victim of racial prejudice can be somewhat alleviated by identification with the minority group. Structural equation analyses provided support for the model and ruled out alternative theoretical possibilities. Perceiving prejudice as pervasive produces effects on well-being that are fundamentally different from those that may arise from an unstable attribution to prejudice for a single negative outcome.
Nuclear Factor κB Activation in Pulmonary Leukocytes from Infants with Hyaline Membrane Disease: Associations with Chorioamnionitis and Ureaplasma urealyticum Colonization

Unresolved pulmonary inflammation in hyaline membrane disease (HMD) may be a precursor to the development of chronic lung disease of early infancy. We investigated whether nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a transcription factor that regulates the inflammatory process, is activated in pulmonary leukocytes in tracheal aspirates from premature infants with HMD. A total of 172 samples were obtained from 59 infants, two thirds of whom showed NF-κB activation in lung neutrophils and macrophages on at least one occasion. Infants who had activated NF-κB showed elevated tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations in their tracheal aspirates. These infants also required a longer period of mechanical ventilation support. Almost half of the infants with HMD had antenatal exposure to chorioamnionitis on the basis of placental histopathologic examination. These infants had evidence of activated NF-κB and elevated cytokines and were more likely to have Ureaplasma urealyticum colonization in their airways. Together, these observations suggest that NF-κB activation in pulmonary leukocytes may be involved in the lung inflammatory process in infants with HMD.
The concept of visual competence as seen from the perspective of the psychological and brain sciences

Visual competence in its most basic form relates to fundamental processes of visual perception. The analysis of neuropsychological impairments and recent advances in the brain sciences have led to considerable changes in how vision is understood in recent years. In this sense, vision is a mix of general and specific processes (e.g. face perception, motion perception). It is influenced by personal experience and thus cultural influences within the given biological constraints. Furthermore, there is evidence for an early interaction of vision with other perceptual modalities, particularly sound. The recent discovery of a neural ‘mirror system’ suggests a strong coupling between perception and action. Visual exploration is driven by volitional and automatic processes. The authors argue that applied concepts of visual competence are likely to benefit from considering basic research in the psychological and brain sciences.
Older Women's Perceptions of Successful Aging

ABSTRACT Little is known about the ways in which older adults view or define successful aging. This qualitative study, therefore, examined older women's perceptions of the characteristics and components of successful aging. Transitions are complex person–environment interactions that include the disruption of the individual's life and their responses to the disruption. Older adults experience many life transitions or changes in life situations, such as relocation or loss of spouse, that result in new life patterns and perhaps even changes in well-being. Because transition is theoretically a time of change that involves introspection and self-examination, older adults who are experiencing transition, such as the study sample, are expected to be able to express their views on successful aging. Acceptance of change, engagement, and comportment emerged as key components of successful aging. Findings from this study can contribute to the development of interventions for older women, in particular, and their families to promote and reinforce personal, social, and behavioral factors that lead to successful aging.
The Pre-exposure Technique: A Novel Method for Enhancing the Effects of Imagery in Face-name Association Learning

We report the effects of stimulus pre-exposure in combination with either non-specific or imagery instructions on face-name learning in 15 memory-impaired subjects. Pre-exposure involved viewing the face alone (for 6 seconds) and making various judgements about the person depicted (e.g. honesty), prior to being shown the face-name pair for learning (for 4 seconds). When the face-name pairs were shown for 4 seconds accompanied by non-specific instructions, pre-exposure to the faces alone led to performance levels as good as when face-name pairs were shown for 10 seconds, and significantly greater performance than when the face-name pairs were shown for just 4 seconds. In line with the results of previous studies, imagery was found significantly to enhance face-name association learning, compared to non-specific instructions. However, performance was increased still further by combining imagery with pre-exposure: Under these conditions, subjects were able to remember almostdouble the number of names on the .
Fatal thrombocytopenia: A rare case with possible explanation

A 22 year old male presented with breathlessness on exertion, ecchymosis, jaundice and features of worsening right heart failure for the last fifteen days. On physical examination, he had a mid diastolic murmur in the tricuspid area and an ejection systolic murmur in the pulmonary area. Bone marrow histopathology report showed an increased in megakaryocytes count. Routine investigations reports were normal. Echocardiography and computerized tomography (CT) revealed a single mobile large intra cardiac mass originating from the right atrium and causing dynamic obstruction of the right ventricular inflow and outflow tract. Associated fatal thrombocytopenia did not respond to intravenous steroids or platelet transfusion. Patient could not be operated because of very low platelet count, and died during hospital stay before excision biopsy could be done. Pathological autopsy was not done. This is a rare case, as the fatal thrombocytopenia observed here was the result of mechanical effects like frictional and shear force, which can be attributed to the physical presence of a large intra cardiac mass resulting in obstruction to flow.
Emirati pre-service teachers' perceptions of Europe and Europeans and their teaching implications

In our increasingly globalised world, it is very important to see how Europe is perceived by non-Europeans and especially from people who have for a long time been considered the ‘Other’. In the study reported here, the image of Europe and Europeans is explored based on the perceptions of 478 Emirati (United Arab Emirates citizens) prospective teachers. In general, the results reveal that the respondents’ perceptions of Europe and Europeans are mainly negative, although there are also some positive and neutral perceptions. Emirati perceptions of Europe and Europeans confer to one major point that Europe represents economic, scientific and technological development but Europeans lack moral values. The findings have to be understood as reflecting the socio-cultural, political and historical milieu to which the subjects of the present study have been exposed. Suggestions to teaching methods, school curricula and study programs are made.
Late Oligodendrocyte Progenitors Coincide with the Developmental Window of Vulnerability for Human Perinatal White Matter Injury

Hypoxic-ischemic injury to the periventricular cerebral white matter [periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)] results in cerebral palsy and is the leading cause of brain injury in premature infants. The principal feature of PVL is a chronic disturbance of myelination and suggests that oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage progression is disrupted by ischemic injury. We determined the OL lineage stages at risk for injury during the developmental window of vulnerability for PVL (23–32 weeks, postconceptional age). In 26 normal control autopsy human brains, OL lineage progression was defined in parietal white matter, a region of predilection for PVL. Three successive OL stages, the late OL progenitor, the immature OL, and the mature OL, were characterized between 18 and 41 weeks with anti-NG2 proteoglycan, O4, O1, and anti-myelin basic protein (anti-MBP) antibodies. NG2+O4+ late OL progenitors were the predominant stage throughout the latter half of gestation. Between 18 and 27 weeks, O4+O1+ immature OLs were a minor population (9.9 ± 2.1% of total OLs; n = 9). Between 28 and 41 weeks, an increase in immature OLs to 30.9 ± 2.1% of total OLs (n = 9) was accompanied by a progressive increase in MBP+ myelin sheaths that were restricted to the periventricular white matter. The developmental window of high risk for PVL thus precedes the onset of myelination and identifies the late OL progenitor as the major potential target. Moreover, the decline in incidence of PVL at ∼32 weeks coincides with the onset of myelination in the periventricular white matter and suggests that the risk for PVL is related to the presence of late OL progenitors in the periventricular white matter.
Grammatical errors in specific language impairment: Competence or performance limitations?

ABSTRACT Speech samples from twelve 8- to 12-year-old children with specific language impairment (SLI) were analyzed. The feature deficit hypothesis maintains that SLI children may produce morphological markers (e.g., plural -s) correctly, but they do not appreciate their role in marking grammatical features. Rather, they treat them as meaningless phonological variants. Findings from the present study were incompatible with this hypothesis: (a) production of morphological markers was not random; errors were unidirectional, in almost all cases involving omission of an inflection in an obligatory context; (b) overregularization errors were sometimes observed; (c) grammatical features differed in difficulty; (d) substitution of stems for inflected forms occurred with irregular as well as regular verbs; and (e) errors of pronoun case marking were common and always involved producing an accusative form in a context demanding the nominative. Children who used a specific inflectional form correctly in some utterances omitted it in others, suggesting a limitation of performance rather than competence. There were few obvious differences between utterances that did and did not include correctly inflected forms, though there was a trend for grammatical errors to occur on words that occurred later in an utterance. It is suggested that slowed processing in a limited capacity system that is handling several operations in parallel may lead to the omission of grammatical morphemes.
An Exploration of Strength of Ethnic Identity, Acculturation and Experiences of Bullying and Victimisation in Australian School Children

School bullying and victimisation is a pervasive problem within schools. Research within Australian schools has not considered the relationship that ethnicity, strength of ethnic identity or acculturation orientation may have with bullying and victimisation. A self-report measure was completed by 421 children (Mean age = 11.8 years, SD = 0.6). Ethnic majority children reported experiencing more direct and indirect victimisation than ethnic minority children. For ethnic minority children, weaker ethnic identity was associated with direct victimisation. Ethnic minority children who adopted an assimilation acculturation orientation experienced more direct victimisation in comparison with ethnic minority children who adopted an integration acculturation orientation. Ethnicity and acculturation are important aspects to consider when understanding bullying and victimisation in Australian schools and although ethnic majority children were more likely to report victimisation, weak ethnic identity and assimilation acculturation orientation leaves ethnic minority children particularly vulnerable to direct victimisation. This should be considered in the application of anti-bullying programmes within schools.
Factors related to abnormal neuroimaging in children with first unprovoked seizure

Objective The first attack of unprovoked seizure is more frequent than recurrent one and neuroimaging is one of the main parts of the evaluation of these attacks in order to demonstrate the cause and predict the prognosis. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of abnormal neuroimaging and related factors in children with the first unprovoked seizure. Materials & Methods A 7-year retrospective chart review was done on all children who were visited at Ali-Asghar Children's Hospital with the first unprovoked seizure and underwent neuroimaging including brain computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The diagnostic criteria for the first unprovoked seizure in this study were based on the absence of any immediate or acute cause for the first seizure such as fever, head trauma, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, electrolyte imbalance and etc. We compared the rate of abnormal neuroimaging in patients according to different clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) parameters. Results One hundred and forty two patients (63 females, 79 males) were included in the study. Twenty eight patients (20%) had abnormal neuroimaging. CT scan and MRI were done in 63% and 37% of the patients, respectively. The most common abnormalities were cerebral dysgenesis (n=9) and cortical brain atrophy (n=6). Patients who were abnormal on neurologic examination had a higher rate of abnormal imaging in comparison with neurologically normal children (51% vs. 10%) (p Conclusion Neuroimaging should be considered in any child with the first episode of unprovoked seizure, especially those with an abnormal neurologic examination or abnormal EEG. Key word: Children; first unprovoked seizure; neuroimaging
Postcolonial Interventions Within Science Education: Using postcolonial ideas to reconsider cultural diversity scholarship

In this paper, I utilise key postcolonial perspectives on multiculturalism and boundaries to reconsider some of science education's scholarship on cultural diversity in order to extend the discourses and methodologies of science education. I begin with a brief overview of postcolonialism that argues its ability to offer theoretical insights to help revise science education's philosophical frameworks in the face of the newly intercivilisational encounters of contemporaneity. I then describe the constructs of multiculturalism, and borders and ‘border thinking’ (after ) that become useful to develop postcolonial readings as an active methodology of critique able to intervene and develops more revealing interpretations of some of science education's scholarship and differentiated experiences. As the focus of these interventions, I have selected ) ‘Defining “Science” in a Multicultural World: Implications for science education’ and ) ‘Multiculturalism, Universalism and Science Education: In search of common ground’ from the ongoing discussion on multiculturalism and cultural diversity within the journal Science Education. Finally, I conclude this paper with some general comments regarding postcolonialism and the science education scholarship on cultural diversity.
The Holocaust, the legacy of 1789 and the birth of international human rights law: revisiting the foundation myth

This study revisits the place of the Holocaust and the French revolutionary tradition in the birth of international human rights law, with particular reference to the genesis of the Universal Declaration and European Convention. It argues against conceptualizing the drafting of the Universal Declaration as an exceptional moment of Holocaust remembrance in the immediate aftermath of the war, positing instead that the framers' silence on the Jewish identity of the victims of Nazi genocidal acts functioned as an instrument of consensus politics. The article also examines how figures on the French far right practiced their own form of consensus politics by recasting their counterrevolutionary corporatist agenda in the idiom of human rights.
Forkhead class O transcription factor 3a activation and Sirtuin1 overexpression in the hypertrophied myocardium of the diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat

Background Ventricular remodeling in type 2 diabetes predisposes to fatal coronary heart disease. The proapoptotic forkhead class O transcription factor 3a (FOXO3a) and its modulator, the cardioprotective longevity factor and class III histone deacetylase Sirtuin1 (Sirt1), have been implicated in the regulation of the cardiomyocyte lifespan and hypertrophy. Objective To examine whether FOXO3a–Sirt1 activation is involved in diabetes-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ventricular hypertrophy. Methods The blood pressure, cardiac functions, cardiomyocyte size, neurohumoral markers, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, nuclear binding of FOXO3a, and Sirt1 expression were determined for 12-week-old spontaneously diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats and the nondiabetic Wistar control rats. Results Goto-Kakizaki rats showed a modest increase in blood pressure, pronounced cardiac hypertrophy, impaired systolic function, and increased plasma brain natriuretic peptide level without changes in plasma renin activity, serum aldosterone or urinary noradrenaline excretion. The cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area was increased by 22%. Phosphorylation of FOXO3a was decreased with a concomitant increase in its nuclear translocation. The myocardial expression of the antiapoptotic FOXO3a modulator Sirt1 was increased two-fold. Acetylation of p53 at the Sirt1-specific lysine 373/382 site was markedly decreased. Myocardial caspase-3 and Bax expression were increased, indicating increased apoptotic signaling; however, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling staining did not reveal any significant increase in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Conclusions Diabetes-induced cardiac remodeling in Goto-Kakizaki rats is associated with cardiac hypertrophy, systolic dysfunction, increased apoptotic signaling and activation of the FOXO3a pathway. The present study also suggests that antiapoptotic Sirt1 protects against cardiomyocyte apoptosis and acts as a novel regulator of cardiomyocyte growth.
Fluency and Cognitive Effort During First- and Second-Language Notetaking and Writing by Undergraduate Students

This study concerns the cognitive effort expended and the difficulties experienced by undergraduate students as they took notes and wrote a text based on a lecture given in French, their primary language (L1), and in English (L2). The 21 participants had studied English (L2) for 7 years before attending the university and they had taken 3 years of intensive courses at the university in order to obtain their first diploma in English ("license"). Participants were first trained on a secondary task that allowed us to measure their cognitive effort while they performed two other main tasks in both languages, namely (1) listening and taking notes on the main ideas of the lecture, and (2) writing a text based on their notes. Participants also answered a questionnaire about their difficulties with comprehension, taking notes, making use of their notes, and writing in both languages. The results indicated that writing processes were more effortful than notetaking. Students' performance on the writing task did not vary across languages. In contrast, the cognitive effort associated with taking notes was greater for L2 than for L1, and writing speed was slower. More difficulty was also experienced for notetaking, especially in L2, than in writing.
Human hormone-sensitive lipase: expression and large-scale purification from a baculovirus/insect cell system.

Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is a key enzyme in lipid metabolism and overall energy homeostasis in mammals. It catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the hydrolysis of triglyceride stores in the adipocytes, delivering free fatty acids for their use as energy substrates. HSL activity is under acute hormonal and neural control, mediated through reversible phosphorylation of the enzyme. Emerging data from clinical studies indicate that HSL deficiency or malfunction is associated with several pathological situations in humans. In order to perform a biochemical characterization of human HSL, and to elucidate its molecular properties, purification of homogeneous protein in large amounts is required. Here, we describe the expression and purification of a catalytically active recombinant human HSL. The process allows the purification of milligram amounts of homogeneous protein, and should provide a valuable tool for a thorough molecular characterization of the enzyme.
Access Rights and Access Wrongs: Ethical Issues and Ethical Solutions for Service Dog Use

Individuals with a variety of disabilities benefit greatly from the ADA provision of easy public access with their service dogs. However, the growing problem of non-disabled individuals passing off their pets as service dogs both threatens public safety and can result in denial of access for legitimate service dog teams. We argue that requiring certification of service dog teams and furnishing qualified teams with state-issued ID tags, following a process similar to that for obtaining accessible-parking placards, is the least intrusive way to protect access for legitimate teams and protect public safety. While some consider a certification requirement for service dog teams to be burdensome, balanced against the harms posed by easy public access for untrained or inappropriate dogs, the mild burden is justified.