Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IRAP attitudes and alcohol.

This research project aims to explore the relationship between the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) as a measure of implicit attitude to alcohol and a number of other variables comprising the Alcohol Attitudes Scale (AAS), the Frequency of participant Alcohol Use (FAU), the Quantity of participant Alcohol Use (QAU), the Temptation and Restraint Inventory (TRI), transgenerational problem alcohol use (Gen) and participant willingness to abstain from alcohol use (Abstain) over three research studies. In Study 1, the IRAP was used to determine a) if participant responding (n= 60) demonstrated a pro-alcohol bias, b) if participant responding demonstrated a pro-alcohol bias between participants when controlling for QAU, c) if Spearman’s Rho correlation tests showed a relationship between any of the variables used, d) if Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests show gender impacts self-reported alcohol use behaviour and e) if there is convergence or divergence between implicit attitudes to alcohol (IRAP) and explicit self-reported attitudes to alcohol (AAS) . A brief ACT-based intervention was delivered and participants (n=48) returned thirty days later for repeated measures testing in Study 2 using paired sample t-tests and repeated measures ANOVAs to determine f) if there was any variation in participant responding in measures that may be attributable to the intervention and g) if participants reported behaviour change they attributed to taking part in the research project. Study 3 (n=35) participants completed all measures as in Study 1 and Study 2, but with revised IRAP target images to ensure construct validity and experimental reliability. Overall the research highlights the complex relationship between Brief Implicit Relational Responding (BIRR) and Elaborate Extended Relational Responding (EERR) and the important role BIRRs play in alcohol use behaviour. Partial replication of research by Ostafin, Kassman, deJong, van Hemel-Ruiter (2014) demonstrates the advantage of the availability of IRAP trial type DIRAP data as well as overall DIRAP scores in results analysis.
The Reversing Number of a Digraph; A Disjoint Union of Directed Stars

A minimum feedback arc set of a digraph is a smallest sized set of arcs that when reversed makes the resulting digraph acyclic. Given an acyclic digraph D, we seek a smallest sized tournament T that has D as a minimum feedback arc set. The reversing number of a digraph was defined by Barthélemy et. al. to be r(D) = |V (T )| − |V (D)|. We will completely determine the reversing number for a disjoint union of directed stars and begin to investigate the problem for the general class of arborescences. AMS Classification: Primary: 05C20, Secondary: 90C47
A 77-GHz CMOS Power Amplifier With a Parallel Power Combiner Based on Transmission-Line Transformer

This paper presents a 77-GHz CMOS power amplifier (PA) with a parallel power combiner based on a transmission-line transformer (TLT). An inter-stage matched cascode power cell structure is applied to obtain high output power and efficiency, where a simple matching network between the common-gate and common-source stage is introduced. The parallel power combiner based on a broadside-coupled TLT is analyzed and compared with a series power combiner. The PA is fabricated using a 65-nm RF CMOS process. It achieves the saturated output power of 15.8 dBm, the power-added efficiency of 15.2%, and the power gain of 20.9 dB with a supply voltage of 2.0 V at 77 GHz.
Instance Convert force to displacement Hooke ' s Law Spring Rectangular Wire Helical Spring Detail Drawing or Catalog

This paper presents a model for conceptual design based on an explicit behavioral reasoning step to guide the design process. Rather than mapping directly from function to form, we treat conceptual design as a two-step process, first transforming functional requirements to a behavioral description and then matching physical artifacts to this behavior. We believe that behavior, in terms of physical principles and phenomena, provides a natural bridge between functional requirements and physical artifacts. Behavioral reasoning breaks preconceived links between functions and artifacts, allowing for innovative solutions to be Jbund. A new representation called behavior graphs (derived from bond graphs) has been developed to facilitate behavioral reasoning. This paper discusses behavior graphs and their use in a design synthesis model that generates systems of pre-defined embodiments (e.g., motor, spring, valve) to meet functional requirements given in terms of input and output parameters (e.g., .force, pressure, displacement, voltage). An experimental computer program implementing this model is discussed and illustrative examples presented.
High dose caffeine citrate for extubation of preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial

Objective: To compare two dosing regimens for caffeine citrate in the periextubation period for neonates born at less than 30 weeks gestation in terms of successful extubation and adverse effects. Design: A multicentre, randomised, double blind, clinical trial. Setting: Four tertiary neonatal units within Australia. Patients: Infants born less than 30 weeks gestation ventilated for more than 48 hours. Interventions: Two dosing regimens of caffeine citrate (20 v 5 mg/kg/day) for periextubation management. Treatment started 24 hours before a planned extubation or within six hours of an unplanned extubation. Main outcome measure: Failure to extubate within 48 hours of caffeine loading or reintubation and ventilation or doxapram within seven days of caffeine loading. Results: A total of 234 neonates were enrolled. A significant reduction in failure to extubate was shown for the 20 mg/kg/day dosing group (15.0% v 29.8%; relative risk 0.51; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31 to 0.85; number needed to treat 7 (95% CI 4 to 24)). A significant difference in duration of mechanical ventilation was shown for infants of less than 28 weeks gestation receiving the high dose of caffeine (mean (SD) days 14.4 (11.1) v 22.1 (17.1); p = 0.01). No difference in adverse effects was detected in terms of mortality, major neonatal morbidity, death, or severe disability or general quotient at 12 months. Conclusions: This trial shows short term benefits for a 20 mg/kg/day dosing regimen of caffeine citrate for neonates born at less than 30 weeks gestation in the periextubation period, without evidence of harm in the first year of life.
Multiple Hypothesis Evaluation in Auditing

In many audit tasks, auditors evaluate multiple hypotheses to diagnose the situation. Research suggests this is a complex task that individuals have difficulty performing. Further, there is little guidance in professional standards or literature dealing with the many complexities present in the audit environment. Using probability theory, this study derives the appropriate revision of likelihoods for multiple hypotheses given different realistic audit conditions. The analysis shows that the relationships among the hypotheses dramatically impact the use of audit evidence and the resulting pattern of probability revisions. We also identify testable hypotheses to guide future research and discuss practice implications regarding ways to improve the effectiveness of analytical procedures.
Validation of the β-amy1 Transcription Profiling Assay and Selection of Reference Genes Suited for a RT-qPCR Assay in Developing Barley Caryopsis

Reverse transcription coupled with real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is a frequently used method for gene expression profiling. Reference genes (RGs) are commonly employed to normalize gene expression data. A limited information exist on the gene expression and profiling in developing barley caryopsis. Expression stability was assessed by measuring the cycle threshold (Ct) range and applying both the GeNorm (pair-wise comparison of geometric means) and Normfinder (model-based approach) principles for the calculation. Here, we have identified a set of four RGs suitable for studying gene expression in the developing barley caryopsis. These encode the proteins GAPDH, HSP90, HSP70 and ubiquitin. We found a correlation between the frequency of occurrence of a transcript in silico and its suitability as an RG. This set of RGs was tested by comparing the normalized level of β-amylase (β-amy1) transcript with directly measured quantities of the BMY1 gene product in the developing barley caryopsis. This panel of genes could be used for other gene expression studies, as well as to optimize β-amy1 analysis for study of the impact of β-amy1 expression upon barley end-use quality.
Central Role of the Holliday Junction Helicase RuvAB in vlsE Recombination and Infectivity of Borrelia burgdorferi

Antigenic variation plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of many infectious bacteria and protozoa including Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. VlsE, a 35 kDa surface-exposed lipoprotein, undergoes antigenic variation during B. burgdorferi infection of mammalian hosts, and is believed to be a critical mechanism by which the spirochetes evade immune clearance. Random, segmental recombination between the expressed vlsE gene and adjacent vls silent cassettes generates a large number of different VlsE variants within the infected host. Although the occurrence and importance of vlsE sequence variation is well established, little is known about the biological mechanism of vlsE recombination. To identify factors important in antigenic variation and vlsE recombination, we screened transposon mutants of genes known to be involved in DNA recombination and repair for their effects on infectivity and vlsE recombination. Several mutants, including those in BB0023 (ruvA), BB0022 (ruvB), BB0797 (mutS), and BB0098 (mutS-II), showed reduced infectivity in immunocompetent C3H/HeN mice. Mutants in ruvA and ruvB exhibited greatly reduced rates of vlsE recombination in C3H/HeN mice, as determined by restriction fragment polymorphism (RFLP) screening and DNA sequence analysis. In severe combined immunodeficiency (C3H/scid) mice, the ruvA mutant retained full infectivity; however, all recovered clones retained the ‘parental’ vlsE sequence, consistent with low rates of vlsE recombination. These results suggest that the reduced infectivity of ruvA and ruvB mutants is the result of ineffective vlsE recombination and underscores the important role that vlsE recombination plays in immune evasion. Based on functional studies in other organisms, the RuvAB complex of B. burgdorferi may promote branch migration of Holliday junctions during vlsE recombination. Our findings are consistent with those in the accompanying article by Dresser et al., and together these studies provide the first examples of trans-acting factors involved in vlsE recombination.
A small‐angle X‐ray scattering study of the effect of chain architecture on the shear‐induced crystallization of branched and linear poly(ethylene terephthalate)

The synchrotron-based small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) technique was used to investigate the shear-induced crystallization kinetics of branched/unbranched poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Reactive extrusion of bottle-grade PET with the branching and chain-extension agents pyromellitic dianhydride and pentaerythritol results in enhanced rheological properties, such as higher melt strength and higher viscosity. In this study, six samples of PET were investigated: linear PET [intrinsic viscosity (IV) ≃ 0.76 dm3 g−1]; four branched PETs produced from linear PET by a reactive extrusion technique (IV ≃ 0.86–1.06 dm3 g−1); and a control PET (IV ≃ 0.73 dm3 g−1) extruded under the same conditions without reactive agents. SAXS data were recorded for the PET at the melt temperature and time-resolved SAXS data were recorded following the application of a step shear (53 s−1 for 2 s). As the PET IV was increased, the extent of shear-induced orientation increased, whilst the time taken for the polymer to initiate and complete crystallization decreased.
Improving Outcomes for Students with Disabilities: Identifying Characteristics of Successful Districts.

The common characteristics among Arizona districts and charters with high academic outcomes for student disabilities were identified in a qualitative study involving site visits and interviews. In 2014, the Arizona Department of Education examined over three years of state testing data to identify districts and charter schools that closed the academic achievement gap between students with disabilities and their non-disabled peers. These local education agencies (LEAs) had 30% higher proficiency rates for students with disabilities than the state average. Six clearly identifiable systemic trends were detected to increase academic achievement for all students. These LEAs were implementing systemic frameworks to improve schools not only for students with disabilities but for all children. The good news is that these systems can be replicated at other sites to improve outcomes for all students and provide evidence that every student can succeed academically.
Subcortical neglect is not always a transient phenomenon: Evidence from a 1-year follow-up study

Compared to cortical lesions, spatial neglect following subcortical stroke is most frequently seen as a mild and transient phenomenon. Since this assumption is based on only few observations, we reexamined the prognosis and severity of spatial neglect in patients with circumscribed right-sided basal ganglia or thalamic lesions in the acute and in the chronic phase of the stroke. On average, 1.15 years after stroke, spatial neglect had persisted in about 40% of the patients with subcortical lesions. The severity was reduced to about one third. The results argue against the view that spatial neglect following subcortical lesions typically has a favorable prognosis.
A low-cost approach to training-based MIMO channel estimation in interference-limited environments

The problem of optimizing the training signal for the estimation of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fading channels has been of a great interest in the last few years, due to its central role in combining accuracy in estimation with bandwidth efficiency. The general case of correlated channels and colored interference was recently addressed (Katselis, 2007). It was shown that the optimal training for the linear minimum mean squared error (LMMSE) estimator, in the sense of minimizing the channel estimation MSE subject to a constraint on the total transmit power, consists of a joint water-filling along the eigenmodes of the desired channel and interference covariance matrices. Thus, the resulting scheme relies on the assumption of the availability of these matrices at the transmitter, which is, in practice, realized via a feedback path. In this paper, that scheme is revisited, with the aim of reducing its requirements for side information and transmit beamforming as well as exploring efficient ways of achieving improvements on its performance. Inspired by an interpretation of the LMMSE estimator as a two-step procedure, we investigate possible gains (and tradeoffs) from an alternative scheme, in which the processing of the received data is performed on both of its dimensions, temporal and spatial. The simulation results demonstrate that this approach provides a good trade-off between estimation performance and low feedback communication and beamforming overheads.
A novel optical microscope for imaging large embryos and tissue volumes with sub-cellular resolution throughout

Current optical microscope objectives of low magnification have low numerical aperture and therefore have too little depth resolution and discrimination to perform well in confocal and nonlinear microscopy. This is a serious limitation in important areas, including the phenotypic screening of human genes in transgenic mice by study of embryos undergoing advanced organogenesis. We have built an optical lens system for 3D imaging of objects up to 6 mm wide and 3 mm thick with depth resolution of only a few microns instead of the tens of microns currently attained, allowing sub-cellular detail to be resolved throughout the volume. We present this lens, called the Mesolens, with performance data and images from biological specimens including confocal images of whole fixed and intact fluorescently-stained 12.5-day old mouse embryos. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.18659. 001
The Strong Story Hypothesis and the Directed Perception Hypothesis

I ask why humans are smarter than other primates, and I hypothesize that an important part of the answer lies in what I call the Strong Story Hypothesis, which holds that story telling and understanding have a central role in human intelligence. Next, I introduce another hypothesis, the Directed Perception Hypothesis, which holds that we derive much of our commonsense, including the commonsense required in story understanding, by deploying our perceptual apparatus on real and imagined events. Then, after discussing methodology, I describe the representations and methods embodied in the Genesis system, a story-understanding system that analyzes stories ranging
Steady-State Anderson Accelerated Coupling of Lattice Boltzmann and Navier-Stokes Solvers

We present an Anderson acceleration-based approach to spatially couple three-dimensional Lattice Boltzmann and Navier–Stokes (LBNS) flow simulations. This allows to locally exploit the computational features of both fluid flow solver approaches to the fullest extent and yields enhanced control to match the LB and NS degrees of freedom within the LBNS overlap layer. Designed for parallel Schwarz coupling, the Anderson acceleration allows for the simultaneous execution of both Lattice Boltzmann and Navier–Stokes solver. We detail our coupling methodology, validate it, and study convergence and accuracy of the Anderson accelerated coupling, considering three steady-state scenarios: plane channel flow, flow around a sphere and channel flow across a porous structure. We find that the Anderson accelerated coupling yields a speed-up (in terms of iteration steps) of up to 40% in the considered scenarios, compared to strictly sequential Schwarz coupling.
The contributions of sleep-related consolidation to emotional item and associative memory.

Extant empirical evidence of the past two decades suggests a pivotal role of sleep in system consolidation of episodic memory. Models of active system consolidation (Diekelmann & Born, 2010; Rasch & Born, 2013) propose that periods of restricted sensory processing that are pervasive during slow wave sleep (SWS) provide the opportunity of coordinated reactivations. These reactivations are assumed to result in subsequent redistribution of memory representations from intermediate maintenance in the hippocampus toward long-term storage in neocortical networks. However, newly emerging evidence (Genzel, Spoormaker, Konrad, & Dresler, 2015; Hutchison & Rathore, 2015) indicates that a consolidation process, which is highly distinct from the former framework, unfolds across periods of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, fostering the selective enhancement of emotional memory retrieval. Critically, the interactions of both processes with regard to emotional associative memory have remained largely unexplored at present. This motivated the objectives of the present thesis, which aimed to generate a more comprehensive understanding of the differential contributions of consolidation processes during SWS and REM sleep to (non-)emotional item and associative memory retention. This was addressed in two consecutive experiments, which examined behavioral performance changes across different intervals of sleep, and aimed to link these to specific oscillatory features of SWS (sleep spindle activity) and REM sleep (right-frontal theta lateralization). In experiment 1 consolidation processes were studied in a split-night-design, which contrasts the effects of early night sleep (entailing high amounts of SWS) with those of late night sleep (which is predominated by REM sleep episodes). In order to dissociate item memory from distinct retrieval of contextual features, participants performed a source memory task that ascertained the accurate recognition of (non-)emotional images, as well as the accurate retrieval of the initial screen location (right or left) during encoding. Analyses revealed a significant consolidation benefit for emotional images with regard to item recognition, irrespective of sleep. Source memory performance was differentially modulated across early and late night sleep as a function of stimulus valence. While early night sleep was associated with a selective retention benefit for neutral source memory, late night sleep yielded a selective benefit to emotional source recognition across sleep. This dissociation was further substantiated on a neurophysiological level, by means of selective correlations between spindle power (SWS) and neutral memory
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF SUPERCAVITATION FLOW REGIMES AT SUBSONIC AND TRANSONIC SPEEDS

Procedure and results of experimental investigations of hydrodynamics of bodies moving in water in supercavitating flow regime at velocities from several tens and hundreds meters per second up to velocities compared with sound speed in water a = 1430 m/sec are stated. Results of registering the parameters of stationary vapor and ventilated supercavities at motion velocities in water V ≈ 30 ÷ 140 m/c are given. Qualitative features of the high-speed supercavities are described, the water compressibility effects in the zone in front of the cavitator are registered at motion regimes with Mach numbers in the range M = 0.54 ÷ 0.77. The empirical formula to calculate the shape and dimensions of axisymmetric supercavities is obtained. It is valid in the velocity range V ≈ 40 ÷ 1300 m/c.
Habitat and social factors shape individual decisions and emergent group structure during baboon collective movement

For group-living animals traveling through heterogeneous landscapes, collective movement can be influenced by both habitat structure and social interactions. Yet research in collective behavior has largely neglected habitat influences on movement. Here we integrate simultaneous, high-resolution, tracking of wild baboons within a troop with a 3-dimensional reconstruction of their habitat to identify key drivers of baboon movement. A previously unexplored social influence – baboons’ preference for locations that other troop members have recently traversed – is the most important predictor of individual movement decisions. Habitat is shown to influence movement over multiple spatial scales, from long-range attraction and repulsion from the troop’s sleeping site, to relatively local influences including road-following and a short-range avoidance of dense vegetation. Scaling to the collective level reveals a clear association between habitat features and the emergent structure of the group, highlighting the importance of habitat heterogeneity in shaping group coordination. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.19505. 001