Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accounting for Missing Correlation Coefficients in Fixed-Effects MASEM

ABSTRACT Meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) is increasingly applied to advance theories by synthesizing existing findings. MASEM essentially consists of two stages. In Stage 1, a pooled correlation matrix is estimated based on the reported correlation coefficients in the individual studies. In Stage 2, a structural model (such as a path model) is fitted to explain the pooled correlations. Frequently, the individual studies do not provide all the correlation coefficients between the research variables. In this study, we modify the currently optimal MASEM-method to deal with missing correlation coefficients, and compare its performance with existing methods. This study is the first to evaluate the performance of fixed-effects MASEM methods under different levels of missing correlation coefficients. We found that the often used univariate methods performed very poorly, while the multivariate methods performed well overall.
Abstractive News Summarization based on Event Semantic Link Network

This paper studies the abstractive multi-document summarization for event-oriented news texts through event information extraction and abstract representation. Fine-grained event mentions and semantic relations between them are extracted to build a unified and connected event semantic link network, an abstract representation of source texts. A network reduction algorithm is proposed to summarize the most salient and coherent event information. New sentences with good linguistic quality are automatically generated and selected through sentences over-generation and greedy-selection processes. Experimental results on DUC 2006 and DUC 2007 datasets show that our system significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art extractive and abstractive baselines under both pyramid and ROUGE evaluation metrics.
Comparing Political Communication: Political News Journalists: Partisanship, Professionalism, and Political Roles in Five Countries

Most empirical studies of journalists' thinking and decision-making processes have been conducted as case studies of individual countries. They suffer from a considerable shortcoming insofar as they lack a larger context for assessing the validity of their findings. However, the question of how significant these findings are can be answered by use of comparative analyses, which include a range of different countries. The relevance of international comparative studies is demonstrated, for instance, when we examine the influence that journalists' political beliefs exert on their professional actions. To be sure, case studies of a particular national context can provide a basis for describing the beliefs of journalists in the respective country and the impact of these beliefs on the daily work in newsrooms. Yet, such case studies give no clue as to how much their findings have been influenced by characteristics of the respective media and political systems. The national context must therefore be eliminated if we want to get a clear picture of the connection between the political views of journalists and their professional decisions. This can be achieved by conducting a systematic comparison of various countries with differing media systems and political situations. Apart from its cross-national perspective, this approach also provides a formidable basis for categorizing the state of each country on an international scale. Journalists in Western democratic societies operate under similar legal, political, economic, and cultural conditions. They enjoy formidable legal protections, have considerable access to those in power, and are backed by substantial news organizations.
Pre emptive analgesia for reducing pain after cholecystectomy: Oral tramadol vs. acetaminophen codeine

Background: Considering that protocols of postoperative pain management would be planned regarding the facilities of each center or region and the importance of its proper management to reduce its related complication and improve patient′s satisfaction, in this study we compared the effect of orally administrated tramadol and acetaminophen-codeine in this regard. Materials and Methods: In this prospective randomized double-blind clinical trial, 136 (68 in tramadol and 68 in acetaminophen codeine groups) ASA I and II patients scheduled for open cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia were enrolled. They randomly allocated to receive oral tramadol (50 mg capsule) or acetaminophen-codeine (325/10 mg) 1 hour before surgery. After surgery they evaluated for postoperative pain using VAS score, analgesic consumption and vomiting. Results: Mean of postoperative pain score during 24 hours after surgery was 2.1 ± 1.0 and 3.8 ± 2.0 in tramadol and acetaminophen-codeine groups, respectively (P < 0.05). Mean of analgesic consumption (morphine) during 24 hours after surgery was 6.2 ± 4.4 mg and 12.9 ± 5.7 mg in tramadol and acetaminophen-codeine groups, respectively (P < 0.05). Mean of vomiting during 24 hours after surgery was 1.2 ±0.9 and 0.4 ± 0.5 in tramadol and acetaminophen-codeine groups, respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of current study indicated that in lower dose of tramadol (50 mg) and acetaminophen/codeine (325 mg/10 mg) the analgesic effect of tramadol is better and its side effects are higher than acetaminophen/codeine, which limit its use for mentioned purpose. It seems that administration of each of studied agents it depends on patients′ tolerance and decision of the physician.
Shaping Environmental Justice: Applying Science, Technology, and Society Boundary Work

This article applies Gieryn’s two concepts of boundary-work, ‘expansion’ and ‘exclusion’, to observing ‘Environmental Justice’ (EJ) research. The application of boundary-work in the field of EJ science shows that similar phenomena noted in Gieryn’s case studies can also be found in EJ research. EJ scientists continue to shape and reshape the meaning of EJ. Meanwhile, activists also use rhetoric boundaries to discredit the legitimacy of EJ’s opponents. We suggest that the EJ movement is still dependent on scientists to provide a scientific way to foster equal distribution of environmental risks. However, to achieve a just distribution, science along is not enough. Public participation in the field of both EJ science and the political movement is necessary.
Spin dephasing under nonlinear gradients: Implications for imaging and field mapping

This work examines the prototypical MR echo that would be expected for a voxel of spins evolving in a strong nonlinear field, specifically focusing on the quadratic z2 − ½(x2 + y2) field. Dephasing under nonlinear gradients is increasingly relevant given the growing interest in nonlinear imaging, and here, we report several notable differences from the linear case. Most notably, in addition to signal loss, intravoxel dephasing under gradients creating a wide and asymmetric frequency distribution across the voxel can cause skewed and nonlinear phase evolution. After presenting the qualitative and analytical origins of this difference, we experimentally demonstrate that neglecting these dynamics can lead to significant errors in sequences that assume phase evolution is proportional to voxel frequency, such as those used for field mapping. Finally, simplifying approximations to the signal equations are presented, which not only provide more intuitive forms of the exact expression but also result in simple rules to predict key features of the nonlinear evolution. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Convolutional neural networks applied to house numbers digit classification

We classify digits of real-world house numbers using convolutional neural networks (ConvNets). Con-vNets are hierarchical feature learning neural networks whose structure is biologically inspired. Unlike many popular vision approaches that are hand-designed, ConvNets can automatically learn a unique set of features optimized for a given task. We augmented the traditional ConvNet architecture by learning multi-stage features and by using Lp pooling and establish a new state-of-the-art of 95.10% accuracy on the SVHN dataset (48% error improvement). Furthermore, we analyze the benefits of different pooling methods and multi-stage features in ConvNets. The source code and a tutorial are available at eblearn.sf. net.
Opening the Black Box of Deep Neural Networks via Information

Despite their great success, there is still no comprehensive theoretical understanding of learning with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) or their inner organization. Previous work proposed to analyze DNNs in the \textit{Information Plane}; i.e., the plane of the Mutual Information values that each layer preserves on the input and output variables. They suggested that the goal of the network is to optimize the Information Bottleneck (IB) tradeoff between compression and prediction, successively, for each layer. In this work we follow up on this idea and demonstrate the effectiveness of the Information-Plane visualization of DNNs. Our main results are: (i) most of the training epochs in standard DL are spent on {\emph compression} of the input to efficient representation and not on fitting the training labels. (ii) The representation compression phase begins when the training errors becomes small and the Stochastic Gradient Decent (SGD) epochs change from a fast drift to smaller training error into a stochastic relaxation, or random diffusion, constrained by the training error value. (iii) The converged layers lie on or very close to the Information Bottleneck (IB) theoretical bound, and the maps from the input to any hidden layer and from this hidden layer to the output satisfy the IB self-consistent equations. This generalization through noise mechanism is unique to Deep Neural Networks and absent in one layer networks. (iv) The training time is dramatically reduced when adding more hidden layers. Thus the main advantage of the hidden layers is computational. This can be explained by the reduced relaxation time, as this it scales super-linearly (exponentially for simple diffusion) with the information compression from the previous layer.
A Sticky HDP-HMM With Application to Speaker Diarization

We consider the problem of speaker diarization, the problem of segmenting an audio recording of a meeting into temporal segments corresponding to individual speakers. The problem is rendered particularly difficult by the fact that we are not allowed to assume knowledge of the number of people participating in the meeting. To address this problem, we take a Bayesian nonparametric approach to speaker diarization that builds on the hierarchical Dirichlet process hidden Markov model (HDP-HMM) of Teh et al. [J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 101 (2006) 1566--1581]. Although the basic HDP-HMM tends to over-segment the audio data---creating redundant states and rapidly switching among them---we describe an augmented HDP-HMM that provides effective control over the switching rate. We also show that this augmentation makes it possible to treat emission distributions nonparametrically. To scale the resulting architecture to realistic diarization problems, we develop a sampling algorithm that employs a truncated approximation of the Dirichlet process to jointly resample the full state sequence, greatly improving mixing rates. Working with a benchmark NIST data set, we show that our Bayesian nonparametric architecture yields state-of-the-art speaker diarization results.
An Efficient Constant Multiplier Architecture for Realizing Fixed Point Reconfigurable FIR filter

This brief proposes one new algorithm called Vertical-Horizontal Binary Common Sub-expression Elimination (VHBCSE) algorithm for designing an efficient constant multiplier architecture for fixed point reconfigurable Finite Impulse Response filter. In a reconfigurable FIR filter, the coefficients can dynamically change in real time and are thus inevitable in multistandard wireless communication systems. In the proposed algorithm, the filter coefficients are first pre-analyzed using BCSE algorithm to avoid complete redundancy in coefficient multiplication and then different lengths of Binary Common Sub-expression Elimination algorithms are applied in different layers of Multiplier adder tree to eliminate redundant computations for common sub-expressions in producing the multiplication result and hence reduce the hardware and power consumption. The use of carry save adders for much faster operation and the use of signed decimal format data representation make the design most appropriate for designing any order efficient reconfigurable systems. The Efficiency of the proposed design is shown by comparing ASIC and FPGA implementation results of the present design viz., power, area and speed with the best existing reconfigurable FIR filter implementations in the literature. Xilinx 9.2i ISE, MATLAB Filter Visualization tool and Cadence tool with Faraday 90nm CMOS technology library are used for the synthesizing purposes.
Cemented Hemiarthroplasties for Elderly Patients With Intertrochanteric Fractures

The results of 55 consecutive hemiarthroplasties in 54 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures were reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 84.2 years (range, 73-99 years). Standard cemented hemiarthroplasty was used and the fractured posteromedial fragment was retained. Two patients were lost to followup and 12 patients died within 6 months of their fractures. The mean length of followup was 13.6 months (range, 6-24.6 months) for the remaining 40 patients (41 hips). Nineteen patients maintained the same walking category as before fracture and eight of these patients had no increase in the dependency on walking aids. The greatest deterioration of walking function occurred in the subgroup of six patients who had a history of confusion and frequent falls. The medical complications are comparable with those described in other series. There were few surgical complications. The authors of this study think that the use of standard cemented hemiarthroplasty is a reasonable alternative to a sliding screw device for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures. Longer-term studies with larger numbers of patients are required to address the issues of late complications and whether the reconstructions are durable enough for the long-surviving patients.
A preliminary model of enduring positive change in professionals working with trauma survivors.

It has been suggested that professionals working with trauma survivors can experience positive change and growth, but there is a dearth of research evidence. Therefore this study aimed to develop a preliminary model, grounded in data, encapsulating the processes and outcomes involved in positive change in a sample of these professionals. Twelve professionals (clinical psychologists, psychotherapists, a psychiatrist, and a solicitor) with experience of working with trauma survivors were interviewed about their experiences of positive change in relation to their work. Semi-structured interviews were audio taped, transcribed and analysed using a grounded theory approach. A model was developed for an episode of positive change, based upon four main processes that seemed to follow on from each other: key experiences in the work, emotional disruption, coping, and enduring positive changes. Conditions that influenced the intensity of emotional disruption experienced by professionals were also identified. The model of enduring positive change provides a fuller account of the growth processes and outcomes than previous literature to date. The main implication is that experiencing an emotional disruption as a consequence of the work can be a normal reaction to the work, and it may eventually lead to enduring positive change. This has further implications for training, supervision and continued professional development.
The impact of gender diversity on performance in services and manufacturing organizations

We present three competing predictions of the organizational gender diversity-performance relationship: a positive linear prediction, a negative linear prediction, and an inverted U-shaped curvilinear prediction. The paper also proposes a moderating effect of industry type (services vs. manufacturing). The predictions were tested using archival quantitative data with a longitudinal design. The results show partial support for the positive linear and inverted U-shaped curvilinear predictions as well as for the proposed moderating effect of industry type. The results help reconcile the inconsistent findings of past research. The findings also show that industry context can strengthen or weaken gender diversity effects.
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in tubercular meningitis with hydrocephalus.

BACKGROUND Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is increasingly being used as an alternative treatment in tubercular meningitis (TBM) hydrocephalus. This study is aimed to evaluate the role of ETV in TBM hydrocephalus. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a prospective study of 59 patients with TBM and obstructive hydrocephalus. The diagnosis was confirmed by a computed tomography scan and/or magnetic resonance imaging scan preoperatively. The procedure was performed using the standard technique or water jet dissection. RESULTS Three (5.1%) patients had blocked stoma, 31 (53%) had associated malnutrition, and 13 (22%) had complex hydrocephalus. Clinical improvement was seen in 34 (58%) after ETV and in 47 (80%) patients after ETV with lumber peritoneal shunt. Thirteen patients with patent stoma and complex hydrocephalus did not improve after ETV alone; an additional lumber peritoneal shunt was required. Clinical outcome was significantly better in good grade. Early recovery was observed in 81%. Results of ETV were better in patients without cisternal exudates, good nutritional status, thin and identifiable floor of third ventricle compared to cases with cisternal exudates, malnourished, thick and unidentifiable floor respectively, although the difference was statistically insignificant. There was no operative death. Three patients with normal ICP did not show any improvement. The radiological recovery after 3 weeks of surgery was 52%; follow-up ranged between 7 and 54 months. Six patients developed CSF leak. CONCLUSION Endoscopic third ventriculostomy was safe and effective in TBM hydrocephalus. Complex hydrocephalus and associated cerebral infarcts were the major causes of failure to improve. Good results were observed in better grades.
A Mechanism for the Evolution of Altruism among Nonkin: Positive Assortment through Environmental Feedback

The evolution of altruism often requires genetic similarity among interactors. For structured populations in which a social trait affects all group members, this entails positive assortment, meaning that cooperators and noncooperators tend to be segregated into different groups. Several authors have claimed that mechanisms other than common descent can produce positive assortment, but this claim has not been generally accepted. Here, we describe one such mechanism. The process of “environmental feedback” requires only that the cooperative trait affects the quality of the local environment and that individuals are more likely to leave low‐quality than high‐quality environments. We illustrate this dynamic using an agent‐based spatial model of feeding restraint. Depending on parameter settings, results included both positive assortment (required for the evolution of altruism) and negative assortment (required for the evolution of spite). The mechanism of environmental feedback appears to be a general one that could play a role in the evolution of many forms of cooperation.
More than words: Experimental evidence on the negative effects of red tape on quality and procedural justice

Red tape is one of the most important concepts in public management. However, it is still unclear if red tape influences crucial procedural characteristics, or that it is mostly rhetorical in nature. In fields such as social psychology, the importance of (perceived) procedural quality and procedural justice has been established. We aim to contribute to the literature by analyzing the impact of red tape on these procedural characteristics. To test these relationships, we use an online experiment conducted in MTurk (n=141). In so doing, we move beyond correlational analysis and are able to show cause-and-effect relationships. We find that higher red tape levels result in lower perceived quality and lower procedural justice, thereby supporting our premise that red tape is more than just words. Implications for scholars and practitioners are discussed.
Modulation of cell surface fibronectin assembly sites by lysophosphatidic acid

Lysophosphatidic acid is a product of activated platelets and has diverse actions on cells. We have characterized the effect of lysophosphatidic acid on cell-mediated binding and assembly of fibronectin, an extracellular matrix protein. Serum made from whole blood, but neither platelet-poor plasma nor serum made from platelet- poor plasma, caused enhanced binding of fibronectin to cultured fibroblastic cells. The ability of whole blood serum to enhance binding of fibronectin was abolished by phospholipase B. These results indicate that lysophosphatidic acid derived from platelets is the principal component in whole blood serum that is active in the fibronectin binding assay. 1-oleoyl lysophosphatidic acid, 20-200 nM, was as active as 0.1-0.2% whole blood serum. The stimulatory effect of lysophosphatidic acid on the binding of fibronectin or the amino- terminal 70-kD fragment of fibronectin was rapid, sustained, and lost upon removal of lysophosphatidic acid. The stimulatory effect on binding could not be duplicated by bradykinin, platelet-activating factor, bombesin, or a peptide agonist of the thrombin receptor. Enhanced binding of the 70-kD fragment was due to increases in both the number and affinity of binding sites. Enhanced binding and assembly of fibronectin correlated with changes in cell shape and actin-containing cytoskeleton. The binding sites for fibronectin on lysophosphatidic acid-stimulated cells, as assessed by fluorescence, video, and scanning electron microscopy, were on areas of cell membrane containing numerous filopodia that extended between cells or between cells and substratum. These observations suggest that lysophosphatidic acid functions as a powerful and specific modulator of cell shape and early matrix assembly during wound healing.
COMPACT EMBEDDED HYPERSURFACES WITH CONSTANT HIGHER ORDER ANISOTROPIC MEAN CURVATURES

Given a positive function $F$ on $S^n$ which satisfies a convexity condition, for $1\leq r\leq n$, we define the $r$-th anisotropic mean curvature function $H^F_r$ for hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$ which is a generalization of the usual $r$-th mean curvature function. We prove that a compact embedded hypersurface without boundary in $\R^{n+1}$ with $H^F_r={constant}$ is the Wulff shape, up to translations and homotheties. In case $r=1$, our result is the anisotropic version of Alexandrov Theorem, which gives an affirmative answer to an open problem of F. Morgan.
Automated Deep Lexical Acquisition for Robust Open Texts Processing

In this paper, we report on methods to detect and repair lexical errors for deep grammars. The lack of coverage has for long been the major problem for deep processing. The existence of various errors in the hand-crafted large grammars prevents their usage in real applications. The manual detection and repair of errors requires asignificant amount of human effort. An experiment with the British National Corpus shows about 70% of the sentences contain unknownword(s) for the English Resource Grammar. With the help of error mining methods, many lexical errors are discovered, which cause a large part of the parsing failures. Moreover, with a lexical type predictor based on a maximum entropy model, new lexical entries are automatically generated. The contribution of various features for the model is evaluated. With the disambiguated full parsing results, the precision of the predictor is enhanced significantly.