Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing moderated mediation in linear models requires fewer confounding assumptions than assessing mediation.

It is well known from the mediation analysis literature that the identification of direct and indirect effects relies on strong no unmeasured confounding assumptions of no unmeasured confounding. Even in randomized studies the mediator may still be correlated with unobserved prognostic variables that affect the outcome, in which case the mediator's role in the causal process may not be inferred without bias. In the behavioural and social science literature very little attention has been given so far to the causal assumptions required for moderated mediation analysis. In this paper we focus on the index for moderated mediation, which measures by how much the mediated effect is larger or smaller for varying levels of the moderator. We show that in linear models this index can be estimated without bias in the presence of unmeasured common causes of the moderator, mediator and outcome under certain conditions. Importantly, one can thus use the test for moderated mediation to support evidence for mediation under less stringent confounding conditions. We illustrate our findings with data from a randomized experiment assessing the impact of being primed with social deception upon observer responses to others' pain, and from an observational study of individuals who ended a romantic relationship assessing the effect of attachment anxiety during the relationship on mental distress 2 years after the break-up.
Performance of a Cooperative Relay-Based Auto-Rate MAC Protocol for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Cooperative communication is becoming a promising technology for wireless networks by exploiting multipath fading instead of mitigating its impact. To integrate cooperative diversity into practical systems, efficient protocols are needed across the entire protocol stack. This paper presents a Cooperative Relay-Based Auto-Rate MAC protocol (CRBAR) to enhance the multi-rate capability along a long link. By leveraging the broadcast nature of the wireless medium and spatial diversity, a low-rate hop can be replaced by two high-rate hops via adaptive MAC-layer cooperation. To adapt to dynamical channel variation and network topology, the relay candidates adaptively select themselves as the relay nodes and determine the relay scheme and transmission rates based on the instantaneous channel measurements. System-level simulation study shows that CRBAR significantly outperforms traditional rate adaptation schemes in realistic scenarios.
Mapping of interaction sites of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe protein Translin with nucleic acids and proteins: a combined molecular genetics and bioinformatics study

Translin is a single-stranded RNA- and DNA-binding protein, which has been highly conserved in eukaryotes, from man to Schizosaccharomyces pombe. TRAX is a Translin paralog associated with Translin, which has coevolved with it. We generated structural models of the S. pombe Translin (spTranslin), based on the solved 3D structure of the human ortholog. Using several bioinformatics computation tools, we identified in the equatorial part of the protein a putative nucleic acids interaction surface, which includes many polar and positively charged residues, mostly arginines, surrounding a shallow cavity. Experimental verification of the bioinformatics predictions was obtained by assays of nucleic acids binding to amino acid substitution variants made in this region. Bioinformatics combined with yeast two-hybrid assays and proteomic analyses of deletion variants, also identified at the top of the spTranslin structure a region required for interaction with spTRAX, and for spTranslin dimerization. In addition, bioinformatics predicted the presence of a second protein-protein interaction site at the bottom of the spTranslin structure. Similar nucleic acid and protein interaction sites were also predicted for the human Translin. Thus, our results appear to generally apply to the Translin family of proteins, and are expected to contribute to a further elucidation of their functions.
Model Kepemimpinan Modern di Program Pascasarjana Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

In the management of higher education, demand a change can be done effectively when the leadership and management are well developed. In general, internal conflicts in the education management occurred due to poor leadership. This study is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. The subject of the study is Graduate Program of University Ahmad Dahlan which manages five master programs. Determination of each of people which considers his/her competence, knowledge, experience and personal attributes will affect to performance and operational leadership roles, organizational, and public. Cross-departmental activities and external parties become a focus for leadership in achieving the vision and mission of the organization.
J protein cochaperone of the mitochondrial inner membrane required for protein import into the mitochondrial matrix

The major Hsp70 of the mitochondrial matrix (Ssc1 in yeast) is critically important for the translocation of proteins from the cytosol, across the mitochondrial inner membrane, and into the matrix. Tim44, a peripheral inner membrane protein with limited sequence similarity to the J domain of J-type cochaperones, tethers Ssc1 to the import channel. Here we report that, unlike a J protein, Tim44 does not stimulate the ATPase activity of Ssc1, nor does it affect the stimulation by either a known mitochondrial J protein or a peptide substrate. Thus, we conclude that Tim44 does not function as a J protein cochaperone of Ssc1; rather, it tethers Ssc1 to the import channel through interactions independent of those critical for J protein function. However, a previously unstudied essential gene, PAM18, encodes an 18-kDa protein that contains a J domain and is localized to the mitochondrial inner membrane. Pam18 stimulates the ATPase activity of Ssc1; depletion of Pam18 in vivo disrupts import of proteins into the mitochondrial matrix. We propose that Pam18 is the J protein partner for Ssc1 at the import channel and is critical for Ssc1's function in protein import.
Design Context and Nursing Roles

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Epidemiology of Stomach Cancer

With endocardial pacing and a catheter attached to an external unit serious local sepsis at the site of exit of the catheter in the neck has not been common. But since septicaemia with this method is a real hazard it should not be used if the patient has valvular disease of the heart, for there is then an -added risk of bacterial endocarditis. Detachment of the epicardial electrode from the heart may result from sepsis if this develops at the site of its attachment to the myocardium, with consequent intermittent or failure of pacing. Endocardial electrodes may become dislodged from their wedged position at the tip of the right ventricle, especially when dressings are being changed at the site of exit of the catheter in the neck. In contrast dislodgement of an endocardial electrode with implanted pacemaker is not commonly seen after the first week, though it is apt to occur if the implanted pacemaker has to be chanegd. Failure or intermittence of pacing results if the catheter lies free in the ventricular cavity. The electrode tip can be accurately repositioned under x-ray screening. A rare complication of this form of pacing is perforation of the heart by the tip of the catheter. Finally fractures anywhere along the course of the electrical wiring can occur at any time, and Dr. Bluestone and colleagues recommend replacement of all external wires every six months. Inherent in the principle of ventricular pacing is the possibility of competition between the sinus pacemaker and the artificial pacemaker if the heart block proves to be intermittent. E. Sowton' has emphasized that, when "parasystole" of this sort is present, the prognosis for patients on long-term pacing is considerably worse. He found that the death rate was five times higher among patients with parasystole than among those with paced rhythm only. This is because the stimulus from the pacemaker may fall in the vulnerable period of the cardiac cycle during sinus beats, with the result that the R wave of the paced beat may interrupt the T wave of the previous sinus beat, a moment when ventricular fibrillation may be easily triggered off. To overcome the dangers of parasystole and also to ensure that the atrium contributes properly to cardiac filling, C. W. Lillehei and colleagues4 and D. A. Nathan and colleagues5 introduced a method of pacing the ventricle using the atrium itself as the pacemaker. In effect this method supplies an artificial bridge between physiological electrical events in atria and ventricles, thus truly abolishing heart block. It seems likely that, when the device has proved itself electronically reliable, a unit of this design may well prove the ideal method of pacing the heart when stable atrial rhythm is present with complete heart block.
Soil Nutrient Content Influences the Abundance of Soil Microbes but Not Plant Biomass at the Small-Scale

Small-scale heterogeneity of abiotic and biotic factors is expected to play a crucial role in species coexistence. It is known that plants are able to concentrate their root biomass into areas with high nutrient content and also acquire nutrients via symbiotic microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. At the same time, little is known about the small-scale distribution of soil nutrients, microbes and plant biomass occurring in the same area. We examined small-scale temporal and spatial variation as well as covariation of soil nutrients, microbial biomass (using soil fatty acid biomarker content) and above- and belowground biomass of herbaceous plants in a natural herb-rich boreonemoral spruce forest. The abundance of AM fungi and bacteria decreased during the plant growing season while soil nutrient content rather increased. The abundance of all microbes studied also varied in space and was affected by soil nutrient content. In particular, the abundance of AM fungi was negatively related to soil phosphorus and positively influenced by soil nitrogen content. Neither shoot nor root biomass of herbaceous plants showed any significant relationship with variation in soil nutrient content or the abundance of soil microbes. Our study suggests that plants can compensate for low soil phosphorus concentration via interactions with soil microbes, most probably due to a more efficient symbiosis with AM fungi. This compensation results in relatively constant plant biomass despite variation in soil phosphorous content and in the abundance of AM fungi. Hence, it is crucial to consider both soil nutrient content and the abundance of soil microbes when exploring the mechanisms driving vegetation patterns.
Evaluation of EGR1 as a candidate gene for high myopia

Purpose EGR1 (OMIM 128990) is an early growth response gene that has been shown to be related to myopia by upregulation and down-regulation of axial eye growth in experimentally induced chicken myopia and knockout mice. The purpose of this study was to test whether variations in the human EGR1 gene are related to high myopia. Methods Genomic DNA was prepared from leukocytes of peripheral blood. Cycle sequencing was used to detect sequence variations in EGR1. Results No pathological mutations were detected upon sequencing of the coding regions and the adjacent intronic regions of EGR1 in 96 unrelated Chinese subjects with high myopia. Only one silent variation, c.1026G>A (p.V342V), was detected in one patients with high myopia, which would not affect the encoded protein. For all 96 subjects, only one allele was detected in each of the three known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in EGR1. Conclusions We found no evidence that EGR1 is responsible for high myopia in these patients.
APPROXIMATIVE SYSTEMS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNERS

Sous sä forme actuelle, l'analyse contrastive essaie de predire et d'expliquer le comportement de l'eleve a la base d'une confrontation des deux langues en cause et d'une constatation des ressemblances et des differences. Elle pretend pouvoir ainsi arriver a une Strategie adequate a l'enseignement des langues. Dans l'article suivant on exige en plus une analyse systematique du Systeme que l'eleve a construit de la langue qu'il apprend (= un Systeme approximatif par rapport a celui de la langue cible). Un tel Systeme differe d'un niveau a l'autre de l'apprentissage et offre, contrairement aux systemes de la langue maternelle et de la langue cible, un caractere de passage. C'est justement pour cette raison que l'analyse en est d'une importance capitale pour les situations concretes d'apprentissage et d'enseignement.
Subject reduction in a Curry-style polymorphic type system with a vectorial structure

We describe a type system for the linear-algebraic lambda-calculus. The type system accounts for the part of the language emulating linear operators and vectors, i.e. it is able to statically describe the linear combinations of terms resulting from the reduction of programs. This gives rise to an original type theory where types, in the same way as terms, can be superposed into linear combinations. We show that the resulting typed lambda-calculus is strongly normalizing and features a weak subject-reduction.
Kognitive Einschränkungen bei erwachsenen Patienten mit Neurofibromatose Typ 1

: Cognitive impairment is a common phenomenon in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), but only little is known about its nature and frequency in adult NF1-patients. Using a comprehensive psychometric test battery, we investigated 20 patients with NF1 and 20 age and gender matched control subjects without neurological diseases. Results showed slightly lowered test scores in patients compared with controls but no specific intellectual impairment. On a computerized test of selective attention, the NF1-group had significant slower reaction times. Also, three out of four memory tests and a test of visuoconstructive abilities showed poorer test results in the NF1-patients. Executive functions however were not affected. The findings agreed well with the test profile in NF1-children and supported the idea of a continuum between childhood and adulthood. Observations are discussed in the context of studies investigating the association of cognitive deficits with either intracranial lesions or alterations in the neurofibromin expression.
Global processing of compound lettersin a patient with Balint's syndrome

We report data on the ability of a patient with Balint's syndrome (GK) to process global information from compound letters. As with other patients with Balint's syndrome, GK was impaired at respond-ing to large, global letters. In Experiment 1 we show that this was due to local capture rather than the absolute size of the stimuli. Also, despite his impairment with global letters, GK showed global inter-ference on local judgements, indicating that some implicit processing took place at the global level. Interestingly, the inability to perceive large global letters was overcome when GK identified a solid, large prime letter prior to the onset of the compound figure (Experiment 2). This priming effect was temporary, and decreased as the interval between the prime and the compound letter increased (Experiment 3). When the prime was an English letter, the effect was maintained even when GK only had to identify the prime's colour, provided a colour-identification block of trials followed rather than preceded a block of trials where prime shapes had to be identified (Experiment 4). In contrast, there was no priming when GK had to identify the colour of English letter primes in a trial block following a block where the task was to identify the colour of Hebrew letter primes (Experiment 5). Overall the data indicate that local capture in Balint's syndrome can be overcome by actively priming a wide attentional window. The results can be interpreted in terms of an interaction between spatial attention and grouping processes that subserves the perception of global compound letters.
Theory Into Practice: Framing, the News Media, and Collective Action

The concept of framing applied to the interaction between social movements and the news media, including local television news, is evident in the experience of the Media Research and Action Project (MRAP). MRAP employs frame analysis to assist social movement and community groups in advancing their goals through the news media. The paper presents the important lessons derived from the applied work of MRAF
Synthetic review spamming and defense

Online reviews have been popularly adopted in many applications. Since they can either promote or harm the reputation of a product or a service, buying and selling fake reviews becomes a profitable business and a big threat. In this paper, we introduce a very simple, but powerful review spamming technique that could fail the existing feature-based detection algorithms easily. It uses one truthful review as a template, and replaces its sentences with those from other reviews in a repository. Fake reviews generated by this mechanism are extremely hard to detect: Both the state-of-the-art computational approaches and human readers acquire an error rate of 35%-48%, just slightly better than a random guess. While it is challenging to detect such fake reviews, we have made solid progress in suppressing them. A novel defense method that leverages the difference of semantic flows between synthetic and truthful reviews is developed, which is able to reduce the detection error rate to approximately 22%, a significant improvement over the performance of existing approaches. Nevertheless, it is still a challenging research task to further decrease the error rate. Synthetic Review Spamming Demo: www.cs. ucsb.edu/~alex_morales/reviewspam/
Two New Eimeria Species Parasitic in Corncrakes (Crex crex) (Gruiformes: Rallidae) in the United Kingdom

Abstract: In this study we describe 2 new species of coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) parasites isolated from the feces of corncrake (Crex crex) (Gruiformes: Rallidae), bred in captivity in the U.K. Oocysts of Eimeria crecis n. sp. were approximately spherical and measured 15.3 μm (13–18) × 14.3 (12–16), providing an oocyst shape index of 1.1. A micropyle and oocyst residuum were absent, but a polar granule was present. Oocysts of Eimeria nenei n. sp. were ellipsoidal and measured 23.6 (21–26) × 18.1 (17–20), providing an oocyst shape index of 1.3. A micropyle and polar granule were present. Surveying free-living, wild adult corncrakes in Scotland (U.K.) demonstrated both parasite species to be widespread. These are the first species described to infect the corncrake, and they are distinct from those previously found to infect members of the closely related crane family (Gruiformes: Gruidae). Partial amplification and sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer 2 indicated a close relationship between the 2 proposed new species as a group distinct from the Eimeria species known to infect cranes. These newly identified parasite species have been associated with enteric disease in corncrakes being prepared for reproduction in captivity and reintroduction into England (U.K.).
The Expression of p-STAT3 in Stage IV Melanoma: Risk of CNS Metastasis and Survival

Purpose The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a key molecular hub of tumorigenesis and immune suppression. The expression of phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) has been shown to be higher in melanoma metastasis to the central nervous system (CNS) relative to distant metastasis in the rest of the body (systemic). We sought to determine whether the increased expression of p-STAT3 in non-CNS systemic melanoma metastasis is associated with an increased risk of developing CNS metastasis and is a negative prognostic factor for overall survival time. Methods We retrospectively identified 299 patients with stage IV melanoma. In a tissue microarray of systemic non-CNS metastasis specimens from these patients, we used immunohistochemical analysis to measure the percentage of cells with p-STAT3 expression and Kaplan–Meier survival estimates to analyze the association of p-STAT3 expression with median survival time, time to first CNS metastasis, and development of CNS metastasis. Results Lung metastases exhibited the highest level of p-STAT3 expression while spleen lesions had the lowest. The p-STAT3 expression was not associated with an increased risk of developing CNS metastasis or time to CNS metastasis. However, p-STAT3 expression was a negative prognostic factor for overall survival time in patients that did not develop CNS metastasis. Conclusions Stage IV melanoma patients without CNS metastasis treated with p-STAT3 inhibitors in efficacy studies should be stratified based on tumor expression of p-STAT3; however since p-STAT3 expression is not associated with the risk of CNS disease, increased MRI surveillance of the brain is not likely necessary.
Accident or intent? The U.S. policy response to the crisis in Venezuela

Abstract ‘Latin America often remains an afterthought of American foreign policy’, candidate George W. Bush declared, but as president he promised to ‘look south, not as an afterthought, but as a fundamental commitment’. 1 While he never specified the nature of this commitment, his administration initially did seem to give the region unusual priority. The president met with a number of Latin American leaders, supported the Free Trade of the Americas Agreement in Quebec City, devoted his first state dinner to Mexico's President Fox, and later visited the region. For a time, it seemed as if policy towards Latin America might actually playa significant role in the U.S. vision of the world and that a genuine policy for the region might be crafted. But September 11 quickly demonstrated that U.S.-Latin America policy would be business as usual. As Argentina imploded, the war on drugs in Colombia crumbled, trade policy stalled, and the special relationship with President Fox failed to produce the promised ‘grand bargain’ over immigration, Latin America seemed condemned to return to its low priority profile and the relative policy continuity of the past two decades. Any significant changes in U.S. policy also seemed destined for the back burner given the focus on events in the Middle East and elsewhere.