Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thrombectomy with Conscious Sedation Compared with General Anesthesia: A DEFUSE 3 Analysis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The optimal patient sedation during mechanical thrombectomy for ischemic stroke in the extended time window is unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of patient sedation on outcome in patients undergoing thrombectomy 6–16 hours from stroke onset. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Endovascular Therapy Following Imaging Evaluation for Ischemic Stroke 3 (DEFUSE 3) was a multicenter, randomized, open-label trial of thrombectomy for ICA and M1 occlusions in patients 6–16 hours from stroke onset. Subjects underwent thrombectomy with either general anesthesia or conscious sedation at the discretion of the treating institution. RESULTS: Of the 92 patients who were randomized to intervention, 26 (28%) underwent thrombectomy with general anesthesia and 66 (72%) underwent thrombectomy with conscious sedation. Baseline clinical and imaging characteristics were similar among all groups. Functional independence at 90 days was 23% for general anesthesia, 53% for conscious sedation, and 17% for medical management (P = .009 for general anesthesia versus conscious sedation). Conscious sedation was associated with a shorter time from arrival in the angiosuite to femoral puncture (median, 14 versus 18 minutes; P = 0.05) and a shorter time from femoral puncture to reperfusion (median, 36 versus 48 minutes; P = .004). Sixty-six patients were treated at sites that exclusively used general anesthesia (n = 14) or conscious sedation (n = 52). For these patients, functional independence at 90 days was significantly higher in the conscious sedation subgroup (58%) compared with the general anesthesia subgroup (21%) (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Patients who underwent thrombectomy with conscious sedation in the extended time window experienced a higher likelihood of functional independence at 90 days, a lower NIHSS score at 24 hours, and a shorter time from femoral puncture to reperfusion compared with those who had general anesthesia. This effect remained robust in institutions that only treated patients with a single anesthesia technique.
Bit-level scheduling of heterogeneous behavioural specifications

This paper presents a heuristic scheduling algorithm for heterogeneous specifications, those formed by operations of different types and widths. The algorithm extracts the common operative kernel of the operations, and binds afterwards operations to cycles with the aim of distributing uniformly the number of bits calculated per cycle. In consequence, operations may be fragmented and executed during a set of non-necessarily consecutive cycles, and over a set of several linked simple hardware resources. The proposed algorithm, in combination with allocation algorithms able to guarantee bit-level reuse of hardware resources, obtains considerably smaller datapaths than the ones proposed by conventional synthesis algorithms. In the datapaths produced, the type, number, and width of the hardware resources are independent of the type, number, and width of the specification operations and variables.
Anti-fungal resistance in candida isolated from oral and diaper rash candidiasis in neonates

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the sensitivity of Candida species isolated from oral candidiasis and diaper dermatitis infections in children. The children referring to private and public clinics in Ilam, Iran were exmined for oral candidiasis and diaper dermatitis. In this study, 248 oral candidiasis and diaper dermatitis samples were collected and cultured.Candida species were identified by using standard methods. Resistance and sensitivity to amphotericin B, nystatin, ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, clotrimazole, and posaconazole were determined using the CLSI M44-A standard disk diffusion method. From the 248 studied samples, 149 were positive for Candida, among which the Candida albicans was the most prevalent (64.4%). The resistance of different Candida species to nystatin, itraconazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole were 4, 43, 34.2, 34.9, 21.5, 6, and 6.7%, respectively. No resistance to amphotericin B was observed. Considering rather low resistance to nystatin, this drug is the best choice for oral candidiasis and diaper dermatitis.
Running head : SEPARATING DECISION AND ENCODING NOISE 1 Separating Decision and Encoding Noise in Signal Detection Tasks ( Psychological Review

In this paper we develop an extension to the Signal Detection Theory (SDT) framework to separately estimate internal noise arising from representational and decision processes. Our approach constrains SDT models with decision noise by combining a multi-pass external noise paradigm with confidence rating responses. In a simulation study we present evidence that representation and decision noise can be separately estimated over a range of representative underlying representational and decision noise level configurations. These results also hold across a number of decision rules and show resilience to rule miss-specification. The new theoretical framework is applied to a visual detection confidence-rating task with three and five response categories. This study compliments and extends the recent efforts of researchers (Benjamin, Diaz, & Wee, 2009; Mueller & Weidemann, 2008; Rosner & Kochanski, 2009, Kellen, Klauer, & Singmann, 2012) to separate and quantify underlying sources of response variability in signal detection tasks.
Third Grade Follow-up to the Head Start Impact Study Executive Summary

Disclaimer The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Office of Introduction Since its beginning in 1965 as a part of the War on Poverty, Head Start's goal has been to boost the school readiness of low-income children. Based on a " whole child " model, the program provides comprehensive services that include preschool education; medical, dental, and mental health care; nutrition services; and efforts to help parents foster their child's development. Head Start services are designed to be responsive to each child's and family's ethnic, cultural, and linguistic heritage. In the 1998 reauthorization of Head Start, Congress mandated that the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) determine, on a national level, the impact of Head Start on the children it serves. As noted by the Advisory Committee on Head Start Research, this legislative mandate required that the impact study address two main research questions: 1  " What difference does Head Start make to key outcomes of development and learning (and in particular, the multiple domains of school readiness) for low-income children? What difference does Head Start make to parental practices that contribute to children's school readiness? "  " Under what circumstances does Head Start achieve the greatest impact? What works for which children? What Head Start services are most related to impact? " The Head Start Impact Study Final Report 2 addressed these questions by reporting on the impacts of Head Start on children and families during the children's preschool, kindergarten, and 1 st grade years. This Third Grade Follow-up to the Head Start Impact Study Final Report addresses these same questions by looking at longer-term effects through the end of 3 rd grade. 1) Determine the impact of Head Start on:  Children's school readiness, and  Parental practices that support children's development. 2) Determine under what circumstances Head Start achieves its greatest impact and for which children.
Chromatin remodeling by the SWI/SNF complex is essential for transcription mediated by the yeast cell wall integrity MAPK pathway

The SWI/SNF complex is a key element of the yeast CWI MAPK pathway, which mediates the chromatin remodeling necessary for an adequate transcriptional response to cell wall stress. The MAPK Slt2 mediates, through Rlm1, nucleosome rearrangements at cell wall stress–responsive genes by targeting the SWI/SNF complex.
Distinct muscle-tendon interaction during running at different speeds and in different loading conditions.

The interaction between the Achilles tendon and the triceps surae muscles seems to be modulated differently with various task configurations. Here we tested the hypothesis that the increased forces and ankle joint work during running under contrasting conditions (altered speed or load) would be met by different, time-dependent adjustments at the muscle-tendon level. Ultrasonography, electromyography, kinematics and ground reaction force measurements were used to examine Achilles tendon, gastrocnemius and soleus muscle mechanics in sixteen runners in four different running conditions, consisting of a combination of two different speeds (preferred and +20% of preferred speed) and two loading conditions (unloaded and +20% of body mass). Positive ankle joint work increased similarly (+13%) with speed and load. Gastrocnemius and soleus muscle fascicle length and peak velocity were not altered by either condition, suggesting that contractile conditions are mostly preserved despite the constraints imposed in this experimental design. However, at higher running speed, tendon length changes were unaltered but mean muscle electromyographic activity increased in gastrocnemius (+10%, P<0.01) and soleus (+14%, P<0.01). Conversely, when loading was increased, mean muscle activity remained similar to unloaded conditions but the mean velocity of gastrocnemius fascicles was reduced and tendon recoil increased (+29%, P<0.01). Collectively, these results suggest that the neuromuscular system meets increased mechanical demands by favoring economical force production when enough time is available.
TURKOISE: a Mechanical Turk-based Tailor-made Metric for Spoken Language Translation Systems in the Medical Domain

In this paper, we will focus on the evaluation of MedSLT, a medium-vocabulary hybrid speech translation system intended to support medical diagnosis dialogues between a physician and a patient who do not share a common language (Bouillon et al, 2005). How can the developers be sure of delivering good translation quality to their users, in a domain where reliability is of the highest importance? With MedSLT sentences are usually translated freely and, as a consequence of spoken input, they are often short. These characteristics entail low BLEU scores (Starlander and Estrella, 2011) as well as poor correlation when using human judgments. In the present paper we will describe the path that led us to using Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) as an alternative to more classical automatic or human evaluation, and introduce task-specific human metric, TURKOISE, designed to be used by unskilled AMT evaluators while guaranteeing reasonable level of coherence between the evaluators.
Gut bacteria in children with autism spectrum disorders: challenges and promise of studying how a complex community influences a complex disease

Recent studies suggest a role for the microbiota in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), potentially arising from their role in modulating the immune system and gastrointestinal (GI) function or from gut–brain interactions dependent or independent from the immune system. GI problems such as chronic constipation and/or diarrhea are common in children with ASD, and significantly worsen their behavior and their quality of life. Here we first summarize previously published data supporting that GI dysfunction is common in individuals with ASD and the role of the microbiota in ASD. Second, by comparing with other publically available microbiome datasets, we provide some evidence that the shifted microbiota can be a result of westernization and that this shift could also be framing an altered immune system. Third, we explore the possibility that gut–brain interactions could also be a direct result of microbially produced metabolites.
The Mortality-to-Incidence Ratio Is Not a Valid Proxy for Cancer Survival

PURPOSE The ratio of cancer mortality and cancer incidence rates in a population has conventionally been used as an indicator of the completeness of cancer registration. More recently, the complement of the mortality-to-incidence ratio (1-M/I) has increasingly been presented as a surrogate for cancer survival. We discuss why this is mistaken in principle and misleading in practice. METHODS We provide an empirical assessment of the extent to which trends in the 1-M/I ratio reflect trends in cancer survival. We used national cancer incidence, mortality and survival data in England to compare trends in both the 1-M/I ratio and net survival at 1, 5, and 10 years for 19 cancers in men and 20 cancers in women over the 29-year period from 1981 to 2009. RESULTS The absolute difference between the 1-M/I ratio and 5-year net survival for 2009 was less than 5% for only 12 of the 39 cancer/sex combinations examined. For an additional 12, the 1-M/I ratio differed from 5-year net survival by at least 15%. The comparison is also unstable over time; thus, even when differences were small for 2009, the difference between 5-year net survival and the 1-M/I ratio had changed dramatically for most cancers between 1981 and 2009. CONCLUSION The 1-M/I ratio lacks any theoretical basis as a proxy for cancer survival. It is not a valid proxy for cancer survival in practice, either, whether at 5 years or at any other time interval since diagnosis. It has none of the useful properties of a population-based survival estimate. It should not be used as a surrogate for cancer survival.
Redirected walking to explore virtual environments

Redirected walking has gained popularity in recent years as a way of enhancing the safety of users immersed in a virtual reality simulation and of extending the amount of space that can be simulated in a virtual environment (VE). Limits imposed by the available physical space and functional tracking area are overcome by inducing immersed users to veer imperceptibly in a way that prevents them from leaving the confines of the tracking space. Redirected walking has been shown to be feasible at levels below noticeable thresholds and to function without increasing the incidence of simulator sickness. The present studies demonstrate that redirected walking can function without negatively impacting memory for spatial locations of landmarks in a VE, despite introducing discrepancies between various spatial senses and distorting the spatial mapping of movement onto the environment. Additionally, the present studies implement what, to our knowledge, is the first generalized redirected walking algorithm that is independent of any task or environment structure, and can adaptively steer users in real time as they engage in spontaneous, unconstrained navigation. The studies also demonstrate that such an algorithm can be implemented successfully in a gymnasium-sized space.
Cultural factors and the circadian rhythm of ST elevation myocardial infarction in patients in a Mediterranean island

Introduction: The circadian rhythm of onset of myocardial infarction shows an increased risk during the morning hours. However, it is not clear whether habits, culture and sunshine hours differentiate circadian rhythm. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of cultural factors on the circadian rhythm of acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation in a Mediterranean island. Method: The study was a retrospective correlational survey. It included 123 patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (mean age 60.7±12.6; 82% men). The 24 h of a day were divided into four six-hour periods of time for study purposes (00:01–06:00; 06:01–12:00; 12:01–18:00; and 18:01–24:00) and the chi-square test was used for the analysis. Results: A morning peak of symptoms onset of ST-elevation myocardial infarction was detected during the period 06:01–12:00 (p=0.044). In patients who were smokers, a bimodal pattern involving a morning (06:01–12:00) and an afternoon-to-night peak (18:01–24:00) (p=0.005) was detected. For patients with a history of hypertension, a morning peak of their symptoms was also detected (p=0.028). Different circadian variations were found between patients over the age of 60 years old and patients under the age of 60 years old (p=0.025). Conclusions: Patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction seem to follow a circadian rhythm with a peak of onset of symptoms in the morning. In the smokers’ subgroup, a different circadian pattern was found. The habit of smoking is likely to affect the circadian rhythm of the onset of ST elevation myocardial infarction in the Mediterranean area and culture.
Effects of Maturation on Lower Limb Neuromuscular Asymmetries in Elite Youth Tennis Players

Neuromuscular asymmetries have been previously associated with reduced performance. Similarly, maturation has shown that youth athletes may experience a loss of motor control, which could also lead to compromised physical performance. The present study aimed to evaluate and quantify the level of asymmetry among chronological and maturational groups. Forty-one youth tennis players performed the single leg countermovement jump (SLCMJ), star excursion balance test (SEBT) and a change of direction speed (CODS) test. Differences were found between the strongest and weakest limbs across all tests (p < 0.001), and also for SEBT in the posteromedial direction (p = 0.02), SEBT composite score (p < 0.01) in maturation groups, and for SEBT posterolateral direction (p = 0.03) and SEBT composite score (p = 0.01) in chronological groups. The SLCMJ showed the largest inter-limb asymmetries for the circa peak height velocity (PHV) group (19.31 ± 12.19%) and under-14 (U14) group (17.55 ± 9.90%). Chronological and maturation groups followed similar trends for inter-limb asymmetries, but the biological index showed larger asymmetry scores in the jumping test at PHV compared to that found in the chronological group (U14). These results show that inter-limb differences may be heightened during PHV. Practitioners can use this information to inform the decision-making process when prescribing training interventions in youth tennis players.
Favoritism Under Social Pressure

This paper is concerned with the effect of nonmonetary incentives on behavior, in particular with the study of social pressure as a determinant of corruption. We offer empirical evidence that shows how professional soccer referees favor home teams in order to satisfy the crowds in the stadium. Referees have discretion over the addition of extra time at the end of a soccer game to compensate for lost time due to unusual stoppages. We find that referees systematically favor home teams by shortening close games where the home team is ahead, and lengthening close games where the home team is behind. They show no such bias for games that are not close. We further find that when the rewards for winning games increase, referees change their bias accordingly. Lastly, we identify that the mechanism through which bias operates is to satisfy the crowd, by documenting how the size and composition of the crowd affect referee favoritism.
Association of Age With Short-term and Long-term Mortality Among Patients Discharged From Intensive Care Units in France

Key Points Question What is the association of age with long-term mortality after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge? Findings In this cohort study that included 133 966 patients admitted to French ICUs, mortality at 3 years after discharge was 25.8%. Risk of mortality increased across all age strata after age 35 years but with a sharp increase in those 80 years and older; however, the mortality risk was close to the general population risk among elderly patients. Meaning Aging was associated with an increased risk of mortality in the 3 years after hospital ICU discharge, while excess long-term mortality was highest in young surviving patients but not in elderly patients.
Vulnerability to re-entry arising from LPC-induced alterations of cardiac sodium current kinetics: A simulation study

Myocardial ischemia (MI) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the industrialized world. The Gautier et al reported that late sodium current (INaL) kinetics was remodelled by Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and provided some new insights into the underlying mechanisms of MI. In this simulation study, the kinetics of LPC-induced sodium channels was incorporated into human ventricular cell models and into 1D and 2D transmural tissue model. The simulations found that the increased heterogeneity of repolarisation by LPC significantly prolonged QT interval and might be anticipated to be proarrhythmic. Meanwhile, LPC would be anticipated to decrease refractoriness of cells, increase temporal width of vulnerable window (VW) and reduce the wavelength necessary for re-entrant circuits causing an increase susceptibility to arrhythmogenesis. Hence, the INaL regulated by LPC can be a potential therapeutic target in patients with ischemic heart disease.
Energy transfer in Hall-MHD turbulence: cascades, backscatter, and dynamo action

Abstract Scale interactions in Hall magnetohydrodynamics (MHDs) are studied using both the mean field theory derivation of transport coefficients, and direct numerical simulations in three space dimensions. In the magnetically dominated regime, the eddy resistivity is found to be negative definite, leading to large-scale instabilities. A direct cascade of the total energy is observed, although as the amplitude of the Hall effect is increased, backscatter of magnetic energy to large scales is found, a feature not present in MHD flows. The coupling between the magnetic and velocity fields is different than in the MHD case, and backscatter of energy from small-scale magnetic fields to large-scale flows is also observed. For the magnetic helicity, a strong quenching of its transfer is found. We also discuss non-helical magnetically forced Hall-MHD simulations where growth of a large-scale magnetic field is observed.
The combined forecasting method of GM(1,1) with linear regression and its application

Linear regression analysis could get better results in a short-term forecast. However, when some aberrant points exist in a given raw data sequence, it will be difficult for the linear regression function to accurately predict the changing tendency of the data sequence. To solve the problem, firstly, the raw data sequence with some abnormal data is classified into two parts: aberrant data and normal data; then, applying the principle of grey disaster, we can make use of GM (1,1) to forecast the possible aberrant date points in the future based on the aberrant data, and for other normal data points, linear regression function can be applied to get a forecast value. By applying the combined method to the prediction of the gross domestic production of Henan province, it showed that the new method could achieve better forecasting results compared with other forecasting models, and make up for some deficiencies in GM (1,1) model and linear regression model in a sense.
A fibre channel-based architecture for Internet multimedia server clusters

In this paper, we present a cluster architecture for Internet multimedia servers, which uses the Fibre Channel (FC) technology to overcome some of the shortcomings of existing architectures. We also explore the design issues of an FC-based multimedia server cluster. A significant advantage of the FC-based cluster is that it allows physical storage attachment to the interconnect. Because of this feature, FC-based clusters will change the fundamental data-sharing paradigm of existing clusters by eliminating remote data accesses in a cluster. Many aspects of this architecture are critical to real-time multimedia applications, such as audio and video services.