Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The NH2 Terminus of Titin Spans the Z-Disc: Its Interaction with a Novel 19-kD Ligand (T-cap) Is Required for Sarcomeric Integrity

Titin is a giant elastic protein in vertebrate striated muscles with an unprecedented molecular mass of 3–4 megadaltons. Single molecules of titin extend from the Z-line to the M-line. Here, we define the molecular layout of titin within the Z-line; the most NH2-terminal 30 kD of titin is located at the periphery of the Z-line at the border of the adjacent sarcomere, whereas the subsequent 60 kD of titin spans the entire width of the Z-line. In vitro binding studies reveal that mammalian titins have at least four potential binding sites for α-actinin within their Z-line spanning region. Titin filaments may specify Z-line width and internal structure by varying the length of their NH2-terminal overlap and number of α-actinin binding sites that serve to cross-link the titin and thin filaments. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the NH2-terminal titin Ig repeats Z1 and Z2 in the periphery of the Z-line bind to a novel 19-kD protein, referred to as titin-cap. Using dominant-negative approaches in cardiac myocytes, both the titin Z1-Z2 domains and titin-cap are shown to be required for the structural integrity of sarcomeres, suggesting that their interaction is critical in titin filament–regulated sarcomeric assembly.
Structured Literature Review of Responses of Cattle to Viral and Bacterial Pathogens Causing Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an economically important disease of cattle and continues to be an intensely studied topic. However, literature summarizing the time between pathogen exposure and clinical signs, shedding, and seroconversion is minimal. A structured literature review of the published literature was performed to determine cattle responses (time from pathogen exposure to clinical signs, shedding, and seroconversion) in challenge models using common BRD viral and bacterial pathogens. After review a descriptive analysis of published studies using common BRD pathogen challenge studies was performed. Inclusion criteria were single pathogen challenge studies with no treatment or vaccination evaluating outcomes of interest: clinical signs, shedding, and seroconversion. Pathogens of interest included: bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV‐1), parainfluenza‐3 virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, Mannheimia haemolytica, Mycoplasma bovis, Pastuerella multocida, and Histophilus somni. Thirty‐five studies and 64 trials were included for analysis. The median days to the resolution of clinical signs after BVDV challenge was 15 and shedding was not detected on day 12 postchallenge. Resolution of BHV‐1 shedding resolved on day 12 and clinical signs on day 12 postchallenge. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus ceased shedding on day 9 and median time to resolution of clinical signs was on day 12 postchallenge. M. haemolytica resolved clinical signs 8 days postchallenge. This literature review and descriptive analysis can serve as a resource to assist in designing challenge model studies and potentially aid in estimation of duration of clinical disease and shedding after natural pathogen exposure.
A study on abrasive recycling and recharging in abrasive waterjet (AWJ) machining

This paper introduces a study on the recycling and recharging of GMA abrasive – the world's most popular abrasive for blasting cleaning and AWJ machining. In the study, the reusability of the abrasive after the first cut and after the second cut was investigated. Also, the reusability of the recharged abrasives was carried out. In addition, the cutting performance and the cutting quality of the recycled abrasive as well as of the recharged abrasive were studied. Moreover, the optimal particle size for the recycling and the recharging were pointed out.
Canine cardiac myosin with special reference to pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy. II. Myosin ATPase.

Normal canine cardiac myosin exhibits Ca”+ATPase of 0.13 pmol of Pi/min*mg and (K+,EDTA)-ATPase of 0.47 pm01 of Pi/min*mg. Specific activities are similar in myosin preparations from normal left and right ventricles, contrary to the prior report by Wikman-Coffelt et al. (Wikman-Coffelt, J., Fenner, C., Smith, A., and Mason, D. T. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250,1257-1262). At 5 weeks after aortic banding, (K+,EDTA)-ATPase of myosin is normal or slightly diminished in mild hypertrophy, and depressed approximately 50% in moderate hypertrophy, whereas Ca’+ATPase appears unaltered. Similar activities are obtained for left and right ventricles from the same heart. At 13 weeks after aortic banding, activities appear normal in left and right ventricle myosin. Provided that EDTA is present, rates of denaturation during storage of cardiac myosin are too slow to account for the differences observed in freshly prepared myosin. The changes in myosin ATPase during pressure overload hypertrophy may reflect denaturation or other modification of myosin in vivo, although changes in the heavy chains cannot be excluded. There is some evidence for reversible denaturation of myosin ATPase. When cardiac myosin is dialyzed against 10 mM pyrophosphate and then returned to original solvent conditions, ATPase activities are augmented with respect to control myosin; the effect is relatively greater in stored myosin than freshly prepared myosin. In addition, pyrophosphate treatment fractionates myosin into two solubility classes, with gradual conversion from a pyrophosphate soluble fraction to a pyrophosphate gel phase upon storage of myosin in 0.5 M KCl; both fractions exhibit augmented activities.
Kinesin-1 sorting in axons controls the differential retraction of arbor terminals

ABSTRACT The ability of neurons to generate multiple arbor terminals from a single axon is crucial for establishing proper neuronal wiring. Although growth and retraction of arbor terminals are differentially regulated within the axon, the mechanisms by which neurons locally control their structure remain largely unknown. In the present study, we found that the kinesin-1 (Kif5 proteins) head domain (K5H) preferentially marks a subset of arbor terminals. Time-lapse imaging clarified that these arbor terminals were more stable than others, because of a low retraction rate. Local inhibition of kinesin-1 in the arbor terminal by chromophore-assisted light inactivation (CALI) enhanced the retraction rate. The microtubule turnover was locally regulated depending on the length from the branching point to the terminal end, but did not directly correlate with the presence of K5H. By contrast, F-actin signal values in arbor terminals correlated spatiotemporally with K5H, and inhibition of actin turnover prevented retraction. Results from the present study reveal a new system mediated by kinesin-1 sorting in axons that differentially controls stability of arbor terminals. Summary: Axonal transport of kinesin-1 and microtubule dynamics are differentially regulated between terminals in a single axon, and contribute to shaping the axonal arbor by differentially regulating retraction of terminals.
Carbon Plain-Weave Fabric Low-Temperature Vacuum Cure Epoxy Composite: Static and Fatigue Strength at Room and High Temperatures and Practicality Evaluation

The high cost of carbon fiber composite materials is a large barrier to their increased application. Low-temperature vacuum cure epoxy resins were developed as one way to break through this barrier. This kind of epoxy is initially cured at low-temperature in a vacuum bag and post-cured at high temperature in an air-circulating oven. This study investigated the static and fatigue mechanical properties of a low-price CFRP of this kind and evaluated its practical utility. The material tested was TRK180M carbon plain-weave-fabric/1053 low-temperature vacuum cure epoxy laminate with quasi-isotropic lay up. Static tests provided tensile and compressive strength of non-hole and open-hole specimens at room and high temperatures up to 110°C. Tension, compression, and tension—compression fatigue tests determined S—N relationships of open-hole specimens at room temperature and 110°C. Static tensile and compressive damage in non-hole specimens and fatigue damage in open-hole specimens for three kinds of fatigue tests were observed with a CCD microscope and a micro X-ray CT scanner. Test results are compared with other published results and discussed from a practical viewpoint. The tests pointed out the evaluation of the strength related to compression loading and sensitive to matrix damage to be very important and demonstrated the sufficient practical utility of this material.
QRS Duration and QT Interval Predict Mortality in Hypertensive Patients With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: The Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension Study

Abstract—Left ventricular hypertrophy is a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality, including sudden cardiac death. Experimentally, left ventricular hypertrophy delays ventricular conduction and prolongs action potential duration. Electrocardiographic QRS duration and QT interval measures reflect these changes, but whether these measures can further stratify risk in patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy is unknown. We measured the QRS duration and QT intervals from the baseline 12-lead electrocardiograms in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) study, which included hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy randomized to either losartan-based or atenolol-based treatment to lower blood pressure. In the present study, we related study baseline electrocardiographic measures to cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. There were 5429 patients (male 45.8%; mean age 66±7 years) included in the present analyses. After a mean follow-up of 4.9±0.8 years, there were 417 deaths from all causes, including 214 cardiovascular deaths. In separate univariate Cox regression analyses, QRS duration and several QT measures were significant predictors of cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality. However, in multivariate Cox analyses including all electrocardiographic measures and adjusting for other risk factors as well as treatment strategy, only QRS duration and maximum rate-adjusted QTapex interval remained as significant independent predictors of cardiovascular (P =0.022 and P =0.037, respectively) and all-cause mortality (P =0.038 and P =0.002, respectively). In conclusion, in a hypertensive risk population identified by electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy, increased QRS duration and maximum QTapex interval can further stratify mortality risk even in the setting of effective blood pressure-lowering treatment.
A Study on Detection of Anti-Patterns in Object-Oriented Systems

Software quality is an important issue in the development of software systems. The extent to which the software possesses a desired set of quality attributes such as testability, performance, maintainability, and manageability indicates the success of the design and the overall quality of the software system. These attributes are adversely affected by antipatterns. These design smells, the symptoms of code smells, are introduced during software development that constrains the evolution of system by making it difficult for engineers to bring changes. Researchers and practitioners put a great effort to detect these anti-patterns to reduce costs, effort and resources. Their detection is important because it allows refactoring or removing them from systems. Consequently, it improves software quality and usability. This paper discusses various manual, semi-automated and SVM based anti-pattern detection techniques for object-oriented systems, so that researchers can get a clear and concise view about them. The limitations and advantages (over previous approaches) of some detection techniques are also compared in this paper.
Formal verification of distributed controllers using Time-Stamped Event Count Automata

We study distributed controllers where sensor, controller, and actuator tasks are mapped onto different processors or Electronic Control Units (ECUs) in a distributed automotive architecture, communicating via a shared bus. Controllers in such setups are designed with a sampling period equal to the worst-case sensor-to-actuator message delay. However, this assumption of all messages having to meet their deadlines is too pessimistic. The inherent robustness of most controllers allows some of the messages to miss their deadlines, while still meeting specified control performance constraints. Given a controller, in this paper we first quantify the frequency of its acceptable deadline misses and represent this as a Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) formula. Further, we model the distributed architecture as a network of Time-Stamped Event Count Automata (TS-ECAs). Such a network of TS-ECAs is then model-checked to verify whether it satisfies the LTL formula. The verification ensures that the controller may be mapped onto the architecture and the control performance constraints will be satisfied. We have implemented this methodology in Symbolic Analysis Laboratory (SAL), which is a well-known framework combining different tools for system verification. Our implementation and case studies using standard controller design shows the applicability of our proposed controller/architecture co-verification. It represents a significant improvement in current design flows where, although controller models are formally verified, their implementation on a distributed architecture is done in an ad hoc fashion with extensive testing and integration effort.
Cordycepin Induces S Phase Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Gallbladder Cancer Cells

Gallbladder cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the biliary tract, and this condition has a rather dismal prognosis, with an extremely low five-year survival rate. To improve the outcome of unresectable and recurrent gallbladder cancer, it is necessary to develop new effective treatments and drugs. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cordycepin on human gallbladder cells and uncover the molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays revealed that cordycepin affected the viability and proliferation of human gallbladder cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis showed that cordycepin induced S phase arrest in human gallbladder cancer cell lines(NOZ and GBC-SD cells). Cordycepin-induced apoptosis was observed using an Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double-staining assay, and the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, western blot analysis revealed the upregulation of cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-9, cleaved-PARP and Bax and the downregulation of Bcl-2, cyclin A and Cdk-2 in cordycepin-treated cells. Moreover, cordycepin inhibited tumor growth in nude mice bearing NOZ tumors. Our results indicate that this drug may represent an effective treatment for gallbladder carcinoma.
EXPERIMENTS AND MODELLING OF MICRO-JET ASSISTED FLUIDIZATION OF NANOPARTICLES

The fluidization of nanoparticle agglomerates can be largely improved by using downward pointing micronozzles, creating a high-velocity jet, as experimentally shown. By discrete particle simulations – treating the agglomerates as single particles – we show that the main reason is probably the reduction of the agglomerate size by agglomerate-agglomerate collisions.
Tumor necrosis factor primes hepatocytes for DNA replication in the rat

Signaling through tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (TNFR‐1) using a pathway that involves nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and STAT3 is required for the initiation of liver regeneration. We have proposed that TNF primes hepatocytes to respond to the mitogenic effect of growth factors, but so far, there has been no experimental demonstration that TNF enhances growth factor responses of hepatocytes. To test this hypothesis, we infused hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and transforming growth factor α (TGF‐α) (40 μg/24 h) directly into the portal vein of rats for 24 hours using osmotic pumps and determined whether TNF injection (5 μg per rat) would significantly increase hepatocyte DNA labeling in these animals. All rats received 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) by intraperitoneal delivery during a 48‐hour period (i.e., BrdU infusion continued for 24 hours after the end of growth factor administration). BrdU labeling in the liver was measured by both immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, and the results obtained by these methods showed excellent concordance. The results demonstrate that TNF transiently activates NF‐κB and STAT3 and increases the proliferative response of hepatocytes to HGF or TGF‐α by fourfold. Priming effects on hepatocyte DNA replication were also obtained with injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and gadolinium chloride (GdCl3), agents that release TNF in the liver. Similarly to TNF, GdCl3 injection caused the activation of NF‐κB and STAT3, reaching a maximum 8 to 12 hours after the injection. The results show that TNF acts as a primer to sensitize hepatocytes to the proliferative effects of growth factors and offers a mechanism to explain the initiation and progression phases of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH).
Dual-channel Haptic Synthesis of Viscoelastic Tissue Properties using Programmable Eddy Current Brakes

We describe a novel method for haptic synthesis of viscoelastic responses which employs a dual-channel haptic interface. It has motors that generate torque independently of velocity and brakes that generate viscous torque independently of position. In this way, twice as many states are directly accessible, which reduces reliance on observation and feedback. Torque-generating actuators, e.g. DC motors, are well known. For the viscous actuators, we use eddy current brakes as programmable, linear, non-contact, physical dampers. By decomposing a mechanical impedance to be realized into viscous and elastic components, we can dedicate each actuator to that component it is ideally suited to synthesize, dampers for the viscous component, and motors for the elastic component. The decomposition is in general not unique so it is possible to select the option that takes the best advantage of the hardware. Experimental results show that this technique can render a variety of viscoelastic models without the artifacts that can occur when synthesizing viscous components on conventional haptic interfaces. The synthesized mechanical impedances have guaranteed passivity, and can have arbitrarily high or low viscous and elastic components.
A sub-electron readout noise CMOS image sensor with pixel-level open-loop voltage amplification

State-of-the-art low-noise CMOS image sensors use source-followers for pixel-level buffering of the sense node voltage. Due to the near-unity gain of such pixel-level circuits and the typical values of the column conductor's load capacitance the thermal noise on the column conductor generated by the pixel-level source-follower reaches amplitudes that are far from single-electron resolution. Conventional image sensors reduce the bandwidth of the source-follower's noise by employing column-level low-pass filters [1], commonly implemented using switched-capacitor amplifiers [2,3]. Given the near-unity gain of the pixel, the criteria applying to the input-referred noise voltage of the column-level amplifier are as demanding as those applying to the pixel-level circuit. As a consequence, the conventionally used column-level amplifiers contribute a significant part of the overall noise budget in conventional image sensors [4].
Wage Shocks and Consumption Variability in Mexico During the 1990s

This paper presents evidence on the relationship between economic shocks to relative male wages and changes in household consumption in Mexico during the 1990s, which is a period characterized by high volatility. In addition to performing this type of analysis for Mexico for the first time, the paper makes two main contributions. The first is the use of alternative data sources to construct instrumental variables for wages. The second is to examine differences across four consumption categories: non-durable goods, durable goods, education and health. Our results for non-durable goods consumption reject the hypothesis that Mexican households are able to insure idiosyncratic risk. For the comparisons across consumption categories, the conclusion is that households in Mexico tend to react to temporary shocks by contracting the consumption of goods that represent longer-run investment in human capital, which makes them more vulnerable in the future.
Stochastic Ordering of Exponential Family Distributions and Their Mixturesxk

We investigate stochastic comparisons between exponential family distributions and their mixtures with respect to the usual stochastic order, the hazard rate order, the reversed hazard rate order, and the likelihood ratio order. A general theorem based on the notion of relative log-concavity is shown to unify various specific results for the Poisson, binomial, negative binomial, and gamma distributions in recent literature. By expressing a convolution of gamma distributions with arbitrary scale and shape parameters as a scale mixture of gamma distributions, we obtain comparison theorems concerning such convolutions that generalize some known results. Analogous results on convolutions of negative binomial distributions are also discussed.
Contextual tag inference

This article examines the use of two kinds of context to improve the results of content-based music taggers: the relationships between tags and between the clips of songs that are tagged. We show that users agree more on tags applied to clips temporally “closer” to one another; that conditional restricted Boltzmann machine models of tags can more accurately predict related tags when they take context into account; and that when training data is “smoothed” using context, support vector machines can better rank these clips according to the original, unsmoothed tags and do this more accurately than three standard multi-label classifiers.
First Case Report of Fatal Sepsis Due to Campylobacter upsaliensis

ABSTRACT We encountered a rare case of severe fatal infection in a 70-year-old woman due to Campylobacter upsaliensis, identified by PCR amplification and sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene using DNA extracted from the isolates. To our knowledge, fatal sepsis due to this organism has never been described to date.