Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Distributional and Knowledge-based Model of Lexical Semantics

A range of approaches to the representation of lexical semantics have been explored within Computational Linguistics. Two of the most popular are distributional and knowledgebased models. This paper proposes hybrid models of lexical semantics that combine the advantages of these two approaches. Our models provide robust representations of synonymous words derived from WordNet. We also make use of WordNet’s hierarcy to refine the synset vectors. The models are evaluated on two widely explored tasks involving lexical semantics: lexical similarity and Word Sense Disambiguation. The hybrid models are found to perform better than standard distributional models and have the additional benefit of modelling polysemy.
Emulating Membrane Protein Evolution by Rational Design

How do integral membrane proteins evolve in size and complexity? Using the small multidrug-resistance protein EmrE from Escherichia coli as a model, we experimentally demonstrated that the evolution of membrane proteins composed of two homologous but oppositely oriented domains can occur in a small number of steps: An original dual-topology protein evolves, through a gene-duplication event, to a heterodimer formed by two oppositely oriented monomers. This simple evolutionary pathway can explain the frequent occurrence of membrane proteins with an internal pseudo–two-fold symmetry axis in the plane of the membrane.
Calibration of probabilities: the state of the art to 1980

From the subjectivist point of view (de Finetti, 1937/1964), a probability is a degree of belief in a proposition. It expresses a purely internal state; there is no “right,” “correct,” or “objective” probability residing somewhere “in reality” against which one's degree of belief can be compared. In many circumstances, however, it may become possible to verify the truth or falsity of the proposition to which a probability was attached. Today, one assesses the probability of the proposition “it will rain tomorrow. ” Tomorrow, one looks at the rain gauge to see whether or not it has rained. When possible, such verification can be used to determine the adequacy of probability assessments. Winkler and Murphy (1968b) have identified two kinds of “goodness” in probability assessments: normative goodness, which reflects the degree to which assessments express the assessor's true beliefs and conform to the axioms of probability theory, and substantive goodness, which reflects the amount of knowledge of the topic area contained in the assessments. This chapter reviews the literature concerning yet another aspect of goodness, called calibration. If a person assesses the probability of a proposition being true as . 7 and later finds that the proposition is false, that in itself does not invalidate the assessment. However, if a judge assigns . 7 to 10,000 independent propositions, only 25 of which subsequently are found to be true, there is something wrong with these assessments.
Automatic recognition of speech emotion using long-term spectro-temporal features

This paper proposes a novel feature type for the recognition of emotion from speech. The features are derived from a long-term spectro-temporal representation of speech. They are compared to short-term spectral features as well as popular prosodic features. Experimental results with the Berlin emotional speech database show that the proposed features outperform both types of compared features. An average recognition accuracy of 88.6% is achieved by using a combined proposed & prosodic feature set for classifying 7 discrete emotions. Moreover, the proposed features are evaluated on the VAM corpus to recognize continuous emotion primitives. Estimation performance comparable to human evaluations is furnished.
Economic Influences on Child Migration Decisions: Evidence from Bihar and Uttar Pradesh

Why do young children migrate without a parent? We consider the economic components of the answer to this question by examining the correlates of out-migration for children under 15 whose mother's reside in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India. 1 million children appear to have migrated away from home in our data. On average 3 percent of living children 5-14 in our communities are away from home, but the fraction of out-migrant children ranges between 0 and 29 percent. We find that the data are consistent with a classical view of migration: children on average appear to migrate out of competitive, rural child labor markets for net financial gain. The costs of migration are important. Children are less likely to migrate from more remote locations. Children are less likely to migrate from locations where child wages are higher. Overall, patterns of child migration away from their mothers look similar to what other researchers have observed in adult populations in different social and economic contexts.
5-HT1A Receptor Agonist Promotes Retinal Ganglion Cell Function by Inhibiting OFF-Type Presynaptic Glutamatergic Activity in a Chronic Glaucoma Model

Serotonin receptors are potential neuroprotective agents in degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. The protective effects of serotonin receptor (5-HT1A) agonists on the survival and function of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) by regulating the release of the presynaptic neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were confirmed in our previous study of a chronic glaucoma rat model. However, the roles of excitatory amino acids and their interactions with the 5-HT1A receptor in glaucoma remain unknown. Here, we found that ocular hypertension increased glutamine synthetase (GS) and excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) expression in rat retinas. In addition, the high expression of GS and EAAT2 induced by glaucoma was downregulated by the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT and the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100635, respectively. Patch-clamp techniques were used to record glutamate receptor-mediated spontaneous and miniature glutamatergic excitatory post-synaptic currents (sEPSCs and mEPSCs) as well as L-glutamate-induced current in OFF-type and ON-type RGCs in rat retinal slices. Although there were no significant differences in the frequency and amplitude of sEPSC and mEPSC release between normal and glaucoma OFF- and ON-type RGCs, exogenous 8-OH-DPAT administration specifically reduced the frequency, but not the amplitude, of sEPSC and mEPSC release in glaucoma OFF-type rather than ON-type RGCs; these effects were completely blocked by WAY-100635. In summary, 8-OH-DPAT decreases and increases GS and EAAT2 expression of glaucomatous retina, respectively, while decreasing sEPSC and mEPSC frequency. In contrast, WAY-100635 increases and decreases GS and EAAT2 expression of glaucomatous retina, respectively, while increasing sEPSC and mEPSC frequency. The reduction of glutamatergic presynaptic transmission by 8-OH-DPAT deactivates RGCs at the neural network level and reduces the excitotoxic damage in the pathological process of chronic glaucoma.
PERILAKU SEKSUAL PRANIKAH PADA MAHASISWA

Meningkatnya perilaku seksual pranikah berdampak pada kehamilan di luar nikah. Masalahpenelitian adalah faktor apakah yang berhubungan dengan perilaku seksual pranikahmahasiswa siswa di STIKes Medistra Indonesia Jakarta pada tahun 2011. Tujuan penelitianuntuk melihat pengaruh faktor predisposisi (karakter, konsep diri, pengetahuan, sikap, danreligiusitas), faktor reinforcing (peran teman sebaya, peran keluarga dan sikap PA dalamsiswa mentoring pribadi tentang kesehatan reproduksi remaja) dan faktor pemungkin(tinggal siswa) perilaku seksual pranikah mahasiswa. Metode penelitian kuantitatif dengandesain cross sectional. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa berusia ≤ 24 tahun dan belum menikahdi STIKes Medistra Indonesia Jakarta pada tahun 2011, berjumlah 582 responden. Tekniktotal sampling menggunakan analisis korelasi dan regresi dengan α = 0,05. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan ada tiga variabel dalam faktor predisposisi memiliki pengaruh yang signifi kanterhadap perilaku seksual pranikah siswa yaitu karakter, konsep diri dan sikap. Kekuatankarakter 2%, konsep diri 2%, dan sikap 15% terhadap perilaku seksual pranikah siswa.Simpulan penelitian, faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku seksual pranikah siswa di STIKesMedistra Indonesia termasuk karakter, konsep diri dan sikap. The increasing premarital sexual behavior impact on pregnancy outside marriage. Researchproblem was whether factors associated with premarital sexual behavior of college studentsSTIKes Medistra Indonesian in Jakarta in 2011. Research purpose to know the eff ect ofpredisposing factors (personality, self-concept, knowledge, attitudes, and religiosity), reinforcingfactors (the role of peers, family roles, and attitudes of students' teacher to personal mentoringon adolescent reproductive health) and enabling factors (student residence) behavior premaritalsexual students. Quantitative research methods with cross sectional design. Subjects were studentsaged ≤ 24 years old and not married in STIKes Medistra Indonesia Jakarta in 2011, totaling 582respondents. Total sampling technique using correlation and regression analysis with α=0.05. Th e results showed there were three variables in predisposing factors have a signifi cant infl uenceon premarital sexual behavior of students that character, self-concept, and attitude. 2% strengthcharacter, 2% self-concept, and 15% attitude toward students premarital sexual behavior. Th econclusions, the factors aff ecting premarital sexual behavior of students were character, selfconcept,and attitude.
Factors influencing the preference for purchasing generic drugs in a Southern Brazilian city

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to identify factors associated with the preference for purchasing generic drugs in a medium-sized municipality in Southern Brazil. METHODS We have analyzed data from a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in 2012 with a sample of 2,856 adults (≥ 20 years old). The preference for purchasing generic drugs was the main outcome. The explanatory variables were the demographic and socioeconomic variables. Statistical analyses included Poisson regressions. RESULTS The preference for purchasing generic drugs was 63.2% (95%CI 61.4–64.9). The variables correlated with this preference in the fully adjusted models were: male (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.08; 95%CI 1.03–1.14), age of 20–39 years (PR = 1.10; 95%CI 1.02–1.20), low socioeconomic status (PR = 1.15; 95%CI 1.03–1.28), and good knowledge about generic drugs (PR= 4.66; 95%CI 2.89–7.52). Among those who preferred to purchase generic drugs, 55.1% have reported accepting to replace the prescribed drug (if not a generic) with the equivalent generic drug. Another correlate of the preference for purchasing generic drugs was because individuals consider their quality equivalent to reference medicines (PR = 2.15; 95%CI 1.93–2.41). CONCLUSIONS Knowledge about generic drugs was the main correlate of the preference for purchasing generic drugs. The greater the knowledge or positive perception about generic drugs, the greater is the preference to purchase them. Therefore, educational campaigns for healthcare professionals and consumers appear to be the best strategy for expanding the use of generic drugs in Brazil.
Encounter and death

The locations at which each of 54 US serial killers, who had each killed at least ten people, first encountered their victims (PFE) and later dumped their bodies (BD) were examined in relation to the residence of the offender in order to test three hypotheses: the home tended to be a geographical focus for the crimes; the PFE is more a part of the offender’s daily activities than the BD; and over time the PFE and BD both become incorporated into the offender’s lifestyle. Uses smallest space analysis (SSA) and t‐tests to support all three hypotheses. The home is the center of a two‐dimensional SSA plot. The overall mean distance from home to PFE was 1.46 miles and to BD 14.3 miles. Further, while the means of these distances were significantly different for the first eight offenses they were not for the last two. Discusses implications of these results for police investigations.
A New Perspective on the Multidimensionality of Divergent Thinking Tasks

In the presented work, a shift of perspective with respect to the dimensionality of divergent thinking (DT) tasks is introduced moving from the question of multidimensionality across DT scores (i.e., fluency, flexibility, or originality) to the question of multidimensionality within one holistic score of DT performance (i.e., snapshot ratings of creative quality). We apply IRTree models to test whether unidimensionality assumptions hold in different task instructions for snapshot scoring of DT tests across Likert-scale points and varying levels of fluency. It was found that evidence for unidimensionality across scale points was stronger with be-creative instructions as compared to be-fluent instructions which suggests better psychometric quality of ratings when be-creative instructions are used. In addition, creative quality latent variables pertaining to low-fluency and high-fluency ideational pools shared around 50% of variance which suggests both strong overlap, and evidence for differentiation. The presented approach allows to further examine the psychometric quality of subjective ratings and to examine new questions with respect to within-item multidimensionality in DT.
Dietary Stress From Plant Secondary Metabolites Contributes to Grasshopper (Oedaleus asiaticus) Migration or Plague by Regulating Insect Insulin-Like Signaling Pathway

Diets essentially affect the ecological distribution of insects, and may contribute to or even accelerate pest plague outbreaks. The grasshopper, Oedaleus asiaticus B-Bienko (OA), is a persistent pest occurring in northern Asian grasslands. Migration and plague of this grasshopper is tightly related to two specific food plants, Stipa krylovii Roshev and Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. However, how these diets regulate and contribute to plague is not clearly understood. Ecological studies have shown that L. chinensis is detrimental to OA growth due to the presence of high secondary metabolites, and that S. krylovii is beneficial because of the low levels of secondary metabolites. Moreover, in field habitats consisting mainly of these two grasses, OA density has negative correlation to high secondary metabolites and a positive correlation to nutrition content for high energy demand. These two grasses act as a ‘push-pull,’ thus enabling the grasshopper plague. Molecular analysis showed that gene expression and protein phosphorylation level of the IGF → FOXO cascade in the insulin-like signaling pathway (ILP) of OA negatively correlated to dietary secondary metabolites. High secondary metabolites in L. chinensis down-regulates the ILP pathway that generally is detrimental to insect survival and growth, and benefits insect detoxification with high energy cost. The changed ILP could explain the poor growth of grasshoppers and fewer distributions in the presence of L. chinensis. Plants can substantially affect grasshopper gene expression, protein function, growth, and ecological distribution. Down-regulation of grasshopper ILP due to diet stress caused by high secondary metabolites containing plants, such as L. chinensis, results in poor grasshopper growth and consequently drives grasshopper migration to preferable diet, such as S. krylovii, thus contributing to grasshopper plague outbreaks.
Pancreatic Cancer Prediction Through an Artificial Neural Network

Early detection of pancreatic cancer is challenging because cancer-specific symptoms occur only at an advanced stage, and a reliable screening tool to identify high-risk patients is lacking. To address this challenge, an artificial neural network (ANN) was developed, trained, and tested using the health data of 800,114 respondents captured in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and Pancreatic, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian cancer (PLCO) datasets, together containing 898 patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Prediction of pancreatic cancer risk was assessed at an individual level by incorporating 18 features into the neural network. The established ANN model achieved a sensitivity of 87.3 and 80.7%, a specificity of 80.8 and 80.7%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.86 and 0.85 for the training and testing cohorts, respectively. These results indicate that our ANN can be used to predict pancreatic cancer risk with high discriminatory power and may provide a novel approach to identify patients at higher risk for pancreatic cancer who may benefit from more tailored screening and intervention.
ApoE enhances nanodisk-mediated curcumin delivery to glioblastoma multiforme cells.

AIM To evaluate the effect of incorporating the polyphenol, curcumin, into nanodisk (ND) particles on its biological activity. MATERIALS & METHODS Curcumin-NDs formulated with different scaffold proteins were incubated with cultured glioblastoma multiforme cells. RESULTS When ApoE was employed as the ND scaffold protein, enhanced curcumin uptake was observed. Furthermore, ApoE curcumin-NDs induced greater cell death than either free curcumin or ApoAI curcumin-NDs. A total of 1 h after exposure of glioblastoma multiforme cells to ApoE curcumin-NDs, significant curcumin uptake was detected while ApoE was localized at the cell surface. After 2 h, a portion of the curcumin had migrated to the nucleus, giving rise to enhanced fluorescence intensity in discrete intranuclear sites. CONCLUSION ApoE-mediated interaction of curcumin-NDs with glioblastoma multiforme cells leads to enhanced curcumin uptake and increased biological activity.
Lack of Decay of HIV-1 in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Reservoirs in Maximally Suppressed Individuals

Summary: Although peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and lymph nodes represent a principal reservoir, the contribution of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) has not been evaluated. In 15 HIV-1-infected subjects with maximal suppression of HIV replication by highly active antiretroviral therapy, we quantified HIV-1 DNA and RNA in mucosal biopsy specimens, PBMCs, and plasma with ultrasensitive assays. We also calculated compartmental burdens of HIV-1 DNA-positive cells and characterized the temporal decay of these reservoirs in a period of 1 year (with projections to >50 years). HIV-1 RNA was detected in 20% of the subjects' mucosal biopsy specimens and in 80% of the PBMC samples. Mucosal HIV-1 DNA was detected in 80% of the subjects and in 100% of the PBMC samples. Calculated numbers of lymphoid cells containing "potentially replication-competent" HIV-1 DNA showed that the PBMC compartment contained approximately 70,000 such cells, and GALT contained approximately 160,000 cells. Rates of decay slopes for all 15 subjects in both compartments were not statistically significantly different when compared with each other or with zero slope. Our data indicate that GALT is a quantitatively important reservoir of potentially replicative cells containing HIV-1 DNA, harboring at least as many or more of such cells as the PBMC compartment. In well-suppressed patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy, the GALT compartment showed no clear pattern of HIV-1 decay, similar to that in the PBMCs.
A qualitative analysis into children’s experience of living with cerebral palsy

Introduction: Research suggests that children with disabilities are at increased risk of experiencing psychological difficulties. Cerebral palsy is the most common cause of physical disability in childhood and one that has been investigated mostly from the stance of the parent. Given this, the current study aimed to investigate the experience of living with cerebral palsy from the perspective of the child. Design: Eight children (aged 9-12 years) diagnosed with cerebral palsy and attending mainstream schools were recruited. A qualitative cross-sectional design was adopted and data were collected via a series of semi-structured interviews. Transcripts were coded using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results: Four super-ordinate themes were identified: sense of self, participation, autonomy versus dependency, and dealing with others. Themes are discussed in relation to relevant literature. Discussion: Issues raised by participants suggest that children with cerebral palsy encounter both attitudinal and structural barriers to achieving similar developmental tasks as their peers. The impact of which may result in feelings of being different from peers, of rejection and hopelessness, all of which may impact on their sense of self and lead to psychological difficulties. Children with cerebral palsy should be supported in achieving independence and professionals should be aware that males and females may differ in both the issues they face and the methods through which they cope. Screening for the early identification of psychological difficulties is strongly recommended. Parents and professionals also need to be informed of the impact that the school environment may have on children with cerebral palsy.
Motivations of social entrepreneurs: Blurring the social contribution and profits dichotomy

Purpose – The aim of this study is to empirically investigate the additional motives, aside from the social interests that motivate social entrepreneurs. This paper does so by using an inductive approach and specifically carrying out a re-examination of two pieces of research examining social entrepreneurship that were carried out independently by the two researchers in South Africa and Ireland. Design/methodology/approach – The method used for the paper is content analysis. Research using qualitative content analysis focuses on the characteristics of language, talk and conversation (Sarantakos, 2005) with attention paid to the content or contextual meaning of the text. Thus, a qualitative content analysis is concerned with an examination of the uses of language. According to Downe-Wambolt (1992, p. 314), the aim of content analysis is “to provide knowledge and understanding of the phenomenon under study”. Findings – The findings indicate that the informants do have additional motivations with respect to .
Modes of Practice and the Dual Mission of Social Work

Abstract This study examines the commitment of social work in various countries to its declared dual missionenhancing individual well-being and promoting social justice. It does so by examining the mode of practice preferences of graduating BSW students from seven countries. Based on cluster analysis, three distinct subgroups of students with particular patterns of preferences were found: a generic group, a direct/micro group, and a macro group. The distribution of students among these groups differs between country cohorts. While each of the clusters was to be found in all the countries studied, in three country cohorts, a majority of students belonged to the generic group and a considerable number sought to engage in macro practice, reflecting a commitment to the profession's dual focus. The majority of the students within the remaining country cohorts preferred micro practice and were far less willing to adopt macro level practices.
Modeling complex flows for worst-case execution time analysis

Knowing the worst-case execution time (WCET) of a program is necessary when designing and verifying real-time systems. The WCET depends both on the program flow (like loop iterations and function calls), and on hardware factors like caches and pipelines. In this paper, we present a method for representing program flow information that is compact while still being strong enough to handle the types of flow previously considered in WCET research. We also extend the set of representable flows compared to previous research. We give an algorithm for converting the flow information to the linear constraints used in calculating a WCET estimate in our WCET analysis tool. We demonstrate the practicality of the representation by modeling the flow of a number of programs, and show that execution time estimates can be made tighter by using flow information.