Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rewarding the Corrupt? Reelection and Scandal Involvement in the Brazilian 2006 Legislative Elections

Corruption was a central theme of the Brazilian 2006 elections, both at the Executive and Legislative levels. According to our data, more than 100 Federal Deputies, or 1 in 5 in the 52nd Legislature (2003-2007) were mentioned by the media in relation to some scandal. The focus of this paper is how Federal Deputies involved in corruption scandals fare during elections. Do voters punish allegedly corrupt politicians? We use a dataset of Brazilian Federal Deputies legislative and electoral performance to test how involvement in corruption is related to career choice and reelection success in the 2006 elections.
Epstein‐Barr virus (types 1 and 2) in the tear film in Sjogren's syndrome and HIV infection

Evidence of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) shedding in the saliva and tear film has been sought to explain the pathogenesis of the oral and ocular features of Sjogren's syndrome. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are purported to have a higher incidence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Twenty patients with definite Sjogren's syndrome (primary and secondary), 19 with HIV infection, and 15 normal controls were recruited and studied. Human herpes viruses (EBV 1 and 2, CMV, HZV, and HSV‐1) in tear film were detected by polymerase chain reaction of DNA extracted from Schirmer strips. HSV‐1, VZV, and CMV were not detected in any tear samples. EBV‐1 DNA was found in the tear film of 4 patients with Sjogren's syndrome, which was not significantly different from the control group (P = 0.18). Twelve patients with HIV infection had evidence of EBV‐1 in their tears, which was significantly different from controls (P = 0.0002) and patients with Sjogren's syndrome (P = 0.014). EBV‐2 was found in 3 patients with HIV and in 1 patient with secondary Sjogren's syndrome, and was always found as a co‐infection with EBV‐1 (P = 0.01). This represents the first report examining EBV types 1 and 2 in the tear film and also EBV in the tear film of patients with HIV. Shedding of EBV in the tear film was not related to the presence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in Sjogren's syndrome. EBV‐2 co‐infection with EBV‐1 has not been previously reported in the tear film. EBV infection is abnormally regulated in Sjogren's syndrome and HIV, and it is likely that the presence of EBV in the tear film is related to the patients' altered immune status. J. Med. Virol. 68:378–383, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FACTORS INFLUENCING STUDENTS' INTENTION TO ENROLL IN BACHELOR OF ACCOUNTING DEGREE: AN APPLICATION OF THEORY OF REASONED ACTION

The accounting profession in Malaysia is facing a dilemma. The demand for accountants in this country is higher than the number of accountants that can be produced. In order to attract more students to this field, factors influencing their intention to choose, must be identified. This study tries to identify the factors influencing student's intention to enroll into a Bachelor of Accounting degree. The Theory of Reasoned Action developed by Ajzen and Fishbein was used as the framework. One hundred and seventy three (173) students from public and private higher learning institutions in Penang and Kedah took part in this study. The results showed that personal beliefs of the students were the main influence his attitude to choose. Pressures from peers and lecturers were also seemed to be important factors that the student considers in making his or her decision
THE EFFECT OF FACILITY AESTHETICS AND MUSIC ON BEHAVIOURAL INTENTION THROUGH EMOTION IN THE UPSCALE RESTAURANT ENVIRONMENT

THE EFFECT OF FACILITY AESTHETICS AND MUSIC ON BEHAVIOURAL INTENTION THROUGH EMOTION IN THE UPSCALE RESTAURANT ENVIRONMENT Kevin Chang Advisor: Universtiy of Guelph, 2012 Dr. Karen Finlay This study examined the effects of facility aesthetics and music congruency on emotion and behavioural intention in the upscale restaurant environment. It followed a 3x2 between subjects design. Participants (n = 501) were exposed to a video of a particular restaurant environment and were asked to imagine themselves being in that environment. Then, the participants completed a short survey that measured their emotional state and behavioural intention. Using ANOVA and structural equation modeling, the present study showed that facility aesthetics work together with music congruency to influence behavioural intention. The results suggested that facility aesthetics was a main force driving behavioural intention. However, in the absence of a high level of facility aesthetics, music congruency can help overcome the effect of a moderate level of facility aesthetics. Furthermore, the findings showed that pleasure mediated the interaction effect of facility aesthetics and music congruency on behavioural intention. Restaurant managers may utilize facility aesthetics and music in restaurants to positively influence customers’ emotion and behavioural intention. Other practical implications and contributions are discussed as well.
The Galaxy Mass Function up to z=4 in the GOODS-MUSIC sample: into the epoch of formation of massive galaxies ⋆

Aims. The goal of this work is to measure the evolution of the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function and of the resulting Stellar Mass Density up to redshift $\simeq$4, in order to study the assembly of massive galaxies in the high redshift Universe. Methods. We have used the GOODS-MUSIC catalog, containing ~3000 K s-selected galaxies with multi-wavelength coverage extending from the U band to the Spitzer $8~\mu$m band, of which 27% have spectroscopic redshifts and the remaining fraction have accurate photometric redshifts. On this sample we have applied a standard fitting procedure to measure stellar masses. We compute the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function and the resulting Stellar Mass Density up to redshift $\simeq$4, taking into proper account the biases and incompleteness effects. Results. Within the well known trend of global decline of the Stellar Mass Density with redshift, we show that the decline of the more massive galaxies may be described by an exponential timescale of $\simeq$6 Gyr up to $z\simeq 1.5$, and proceeds much faster thereafter, with an exponential timescale of $\simeq$0.6 Gyr. We also show that there is some evidence for a differential evolution of the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function, with low mass galaxies evolving faster than more massive ones up to $z\simeq 1{-}1.5$ and that the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function remains remarkably flat (i.e. with a slope close to the local one) up to $z\simeq 1{-}1.3$. Conclusions. The observed behaviour of the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function is consistent with a scenario where about 50% of present-day massive galaxies formed at a vigorous rate in the epoch between redshift 4 and 1.5, followed by a milder evolution until the present-day epoch.
Prognostic value of the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index score in marginal zone lymphoma

In marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), clinical and follow‐up data on large cohorts of patients are difficult to obtain. The objective of this single‐center, retrospective analysis of a large cohort of 144 patients with MZL was to elucidate the role of prognostic markers, treatments, and outcomes in this disease.
An Analysis of the Trait Anger and Anger Expression Styles of Preschool Teacher Candidates in Terms of Some Variables

The purpose of this research is to determine trait anger and anger control levels of trainee teachers who are studying preschool teaching and expression of their anger styles and to analyze their trait anger, their anger control levels and expression of their anger styles according to several variables. The research has been conducted with 356 students who are studying at preschool teaching department of Eregli Teaching Faculty of Bulent Ecevit University and Ataturk Teaching Faculty of Marmara University. As the data collection tool, The State Trait Anger Scale (STAS) which was developed by Spielberger and translated into Turkish language by Ozer and demographic data form were administered. Obtained data analyzed by SPSS 18.0 Analysis Program. Significant differences were found according to variable; gender, department preference, being happy with their department, high school graduation and number of siblings. It is seemed that the level of trait anger and anger styles don’t change much when age, class, where a graduate wants to work, the education of the parents, the parents’ being dead or alive / divorced or together, order of the birth, where he is now, where he was in the childhood, the geographical region and the parents’ economy are considered. The received results have been discussed.
The Dexter Hypertext Reference Model

This paper presents the Dexter hypertext reference model. The Dexter model is an attempt to capture, both formally and informally, the important abstractions found in a wide range of existing and future hypertext systems. The goal of the model is to provide a principled basis for comparing systems as well as for developing interchange and interoperability standards. The model is divided into three layers. The storage layer describes the network of nodes and links that is the essence of hypertext. The runtime layer describes mechanisms supporting the user’s interaction with the hypertext. The within-component layer covers the content and structures within hypertext nodes. The focus of the model is on the storage layer as well as on the mechanisms of anchoring and presentation specification that form the interfaces between the storage layer and the within-component and runtime layers, respectively. The model is formalized in the specification language Z, a specification language based on set theory. The paper briefly discusses the issues involved in comparing the characteristics of existing systems against the model.
The late-time radio spectrum of SN 1993J

We present VLA radio continuum measurements of SN 1993J in M 81 at the frequencies of 0.32 (P-band), 1.3 and 1.7 (L-band), 4.9 (C-band), 8.5 (X-band), and 14.9 (U-band) GHz carried out on December 17 and 21, 2000, about 2820 days after the supernova explosion. We find that a power-law spectrum, free-free absorbed by an homogeneous, or clumpy, distri- bution of ionized gas yields the best fit to the radio data. A combined homogeneous-clumpy model is not favored, but neither totally excluded. This result contrasts with the modeling of the early (t ∼ 230 days) radio emission from SN 1993J, where a mixture of homogeneous and clumpy absorbers appeared to be necessary to adequately describe the behavior of the light curves. The radio spectrum of supernova SN 1993J between 0.32 and 14.9 GHz is well characterized by α = −0.67 ± 0.02 (S ν ∝ ν α ), typical of an optically thin radio supernova. A fit to the radio spectra of SN 1993J from ∼70 up to 2820 days shows that the observed spectral index of SN 1993J has been slowly evolving since t ∼ 1000 days, with the observed spectral index changing from α ≈− 1t oα = −0.67. This spectral evolution seems to suggest that, in addition to the radiative (synchrotron) losses, adiabatic cooling and ionization (Coulomb) losses at the lowest frequencies might be contributing significantly to the integrated electron spectrum.
Endocarditis Prophylaxis in Cardiac Patients: Knowledge among General Dental Practitioners in Tabriz

Background and aims Dental procedures injuring oral tissues may induce bacterial release to blood stream that can cause infective endocarditis in susceptible patients. The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge of general dental practitioners (GDPs) in Tabriz, Northwest of Iran, regarding endocarditis prophylaxis in cardiac pa-tients receiving dental treatments. Materials and methods This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical study that included 150 GDPs. All practitioners were given a self-administered questionnaire which consisted of three parts assessing their knowledge of cardiac diseases requiring prophylaxis, dental procedures requiring prophylaxis, and antibiotic regimen for endocarditis prophylaxis. Statistical analysis of data was carried out using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and chi-square test. Results The level of knowledge among GDPs in three areas of cardiac diseases requiring prophylax-is, dental procedures requiring prophylaxis, and antibiotic regimen for endocarditis prophylaxis were 63.7%, 66.8% and 47.7%, respectively. Their overall level of knowledge regarding endocarditis prophylaxis was 59%. Association of the level of knowledge with age and practice period was statis-tically significant (P < 0.05). However, the level of knowledge was not significantly associated with gender or university of graduation in either of three areas evaluated (P > 0.05). Conclusion According to our results, the knowledge of endocarditis prophylaxis among GDPs in Tabriz was in a moderate level. Regarding the importance of endocarditis prophylaxis in sus-ceptible patients, it should be more emphasized in the curriculum of dental schools and continuing dental education programs.
Absence of “Warm-Up” during Active Avoidance Learning in a Rat Model of Anxiety Vulnerability: Insights from Computational Modeling

Avoidance behaviors, in which a learned response causes omission of an upcoming punisher, are a core feature of many psychiatric disorders. While reinforcement learning (RL) models have been widely used to study the development of appetitive behaviors, less attention has been paid to avoidance. Here, we present a RL model of lever-press avoidance learning in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and in the inbred Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat, which has been proposed as a model of anxiety vulnerability. We focus on “warm-up,” transiently decreased avoidance responding at the start of a testing session, which is shown by SD but not WKY rats. We first show that a RL model can correctly simulate key aspects of acquisition, extinction, and warm-up in SD rats; we then show that WKY behavior can be simulated by altering three model parameters, which respectively govern the tendency to explore new behaviors vs. exploit previously reinforced ones, the tendency to repeat previous behaviors regardless of reinforcement, and the learning rate for predicting future outcomes. This suggests that several, dissociable mechanisms may contribute independently to strain differences in behavior. The model predicts that, if the “standard” inter-session interval is shortened from 48 to 24 h, SD rats (but not WKY) will continue to show warm-up; we confirm this prediction in an empirical study with SD and WKY rats. The model further predicts that SD rats will continue to show warm-up with inter-session intervals as short as a few minutes, while WKY rats will not show warm-up, even with inter-session intervals as long as a month. Together, the modeling and empirical data indicate that strain differences in warm-up are qualitative rather than just the result of differential sensitivity to task variables. Understanding the mechanisms that govern expression of warm-up behavior in avoidance may lead to better understanding of pathological avoidance, and potential pathways to modify these processes.
Matters of Suggestibility, Memory and Time: Child Witnesses in Court and What Really Happened

As a result of an increasing awareness of child abuse over the last few decades, children have been admitted as court witnesses more frequently, yet there has been persistent wariness about the reliability of their testimony. Examining the interaction of legal rationales and paradigms of developmental psychology, it would appear that children are still frequently positioned as deficient and passive witnesses. Three tropes can be distinguished: 1. Children are positioned as unreliable containers of facts. 2. Children have proved to be irritable dispensers of information. 3. Children are volatile interactants. In this paper I will examine how the English legal system employs special measures that are designed to manage children's apparent deficiencies while guaranteeing the accuracy and admissibility of their evidence. My analysis unfolds around the specific case of video recorded evidence. Using courtroom observations and data from interviews with legal professionals, I will follow the trajectory of the video from its planning and recording by the police to its presentation in court. Inspired by the work of Isabelle STENGERS and Bruno LATOUR, and drawing on discourse analytical tools, I will show that the collision of the different time zones of veridicality creates circumstances under which the video itself can become an ambiguous agent and ultimately a fanciful witness.
Women's political representation and crime in India

Using state-level variation in the timing of political reforms, we find that an increase in female representation in local government induces a large and significant rise in documented crimes against women in India. Our evidence suggests that this increase is good news, driven primarily by greater reporting rather than greater incidence of such crimes. In contrast, we find no increase in crimes against men or gender-neutral crimes. We also examine the effectiveness of alternative forms of political representation: large scale membership of women in local councils affects crime against them more than their presence in higher level leadership positions.
FARKLI ORTAÖĞRETİM KURUMLARINDA ÇALIŞAN ÖĞRETMENLERDE PSİKOLOJİK TACİZ (MOBBİNG): ANTALYA İLİ ÖRNEĞİ

It is try to determine in this research that the level of the mobbing on high school teachers who work different schools. The research was carried on 105 teachers who work in four different types of high schools (Anatolian High Schools, General High School, Religious High School, Industrial Vocational High School). The Negative Acts Questionarrie which is developed by Einarsen and Raknes (1997) and transtaled into Turkish by Cemaloglu (2007) is used in this research. According to the result; while the average of the scores of mobbing according to school type and gender variable is not significated, it is determinated that mobbing, the attack to the life quality and vocational position and the sub dimensions of the attack of dignity is significated according to vocational position for 21 years or over seniority teachers higher than the other teachers.
Communication and Collective Actions: A Survey Experiment on Motivating Energy Conservation in the U.S.

Abstract When do citizens take action to benefit the public good, even when individual benefits are scant or non-existent? We address this question with a focus on an area of critical importance when it comes to environmental sustainability—specifically, we examine citizens' actions in the domain of energy conservation. We do so by using a survey experiment to evaluate the impact of exposure to communications posited to shape collective action behavior. We find that communications shape behavior depending on two primary factors not previously studied in concert: to whom responsibility is attributed for collective outcomes; and, what effects, or consequences, are associated with one's actions. We find that communications emphasizing individual responsibility and collective environmental benefits can stimulate collective action.
Optimal feed-forward neural networks based on the combination of constructing and pruning by genetic algorithms

The determination of the proper size of an artificial neural network (ANN) is recognized to be crucial, especially for its practical implementation in important issues such as learning and generalization. In the paper, an effective design method of neural network architectures is presented. The network is firstly trained by a dynamic constructive method until the error is satisfied. The trained network is then pruned by genetic algorithm (GA). The simulation results demonstrate the advantages in generalization and expandability of the proposed method.
Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I in a Sydney Olympic gold medallist

An Italian athlete who won a gold medal at the Sydney Olympic Games was studied. She was accused of doping after the finding of high levels of plasma growth hormone (GH) before the Games. She was studied firstly under stressed and then under unstressed conditions. In the first study, GH was measured every 20 minutes for one hour; it was above the normal range in all blood samples, whereas insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) was normal. In the second study, GH progressively returned to accepted normal levels; IGF-I was again normal. It was concluded that the normal range for GH in athletes must be reconsidered for doping purposes, because athletes are subject to stress and thus to wide variations in GH levels.
Spoken argumentation in the adult ESOL classroom

This thesis is a discourse analysis of spoken argumentation in the Adult ESOL classroom. It investigates the ways in which it emerges and unfolds and also how teachers and students position themselves and each other in argumentation and how they are positioned by pedagogy and policy as well as by their histories. The principal focus is on verbal argumentation but some attention is also given to a more multimodal analysis. Argumentation is conceptualized in terms of competing and consensual voices (Costello and Mitchell, 1995). These voices are further conceptualized as situated speaking positions and, therefore, as identity positions. The study explores the ways in which argumentation unfolds, the ways it seeks to persuade and the identity work this involves. Argumentation is connected to wider questions of citizenship and democracy, with the Adult ESOL classroom seen as the agora for the wider enactment and modelling of full democratic citizenship.
Youth Studies, Comparative Inquiry, and the Local/Global Problematic

The field of youth studies appears to have increasingly taken on a self-consciously ‘‘international’’ orientation, characterized by grappling with how to represent local youth identities and social practices within international, transnational, or global contexts. This challenge is repeated across many different types of study and worked through in a variety of ways. A common thread, however, is that young people’s identities and lives today must or should be understood with reference to global phenomena and frameworks, and in terms of how they negotiate and are formed in the intersection of local and global contexts. One starting point for this essay is an attempt to understand the ‘‘systems of reason’’ (Popkewitz 2001) and lines of thinking that underpin how young people are researched, reported, and represented. The local=global global binary has quite strikingly become one of the main lenses for exploring questions about ‘‘youth identities’’ today and one of the key problematics constituting contemporary youth studies scholarship. A more specific starting point, then, is to reflect on what the growing and widespread interest in the local=global relation offers youth researchers—what are the features, the gains, and the losses associated with this construct? And what are the implications of this binary in terms of the intellectual history and truth claims of youth studies? A third and related starting point is the important, yet not always analytically addressed, role of comparative inquiry in youth studies scholarship, particularly in relation to the ascendency of the local=global comparison. The Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies, 31:270–292, 2009 Copyright # Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1071-4413 print=1556-3022 online DOI: 10.1080/10714410903132840