Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bias from gas inhomogeneities in the pressure profiles as measured from X-ray and Sunyaev–Zeldovich observations

X-ray observations of galaxy clusters provide emission measure weighted spectra, arising from a range of density and temperature fluctuations in the intra-cluster medium (ICM). This is fitted to a single temperature plasma emission model to provide an estimate of the gas density and temperature, which are sensitive to the gas inhomogeneities. Therefore, X-ray observations yield a potentially biased estimate of the thermal gas pressure, PX. At the same time Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) observations directly measure the integrated gas pressure, PSZ. If the X-ray pressure profiles are strongly biased with respect to the SZ, then one has the possibility to probe the gas inhomogeneities (their amplitude and physical nature), even at scales unresolved by the current generation of telescopes. At the same time, a weak bias has implications for the interchangeable use of mass proxies like YSZ and YX as cosmological probes. In this paper we investigate the dependence of the bias, defined as bP(r) ≡ PX(r)/PSZ(r)−1, on the characteristics of fluctuations in the ICM taking into account the correlation between temperature and density fluctuations. We made a simple prediction of the irreducible bias in idealised X-ray vs SZ observations using multi-temperature plasma emission model. We also provide a simple fitting form to estimate the bias given the distribution of fluctuations. In real observations there can be additional complications arising from instrumental background, insufficient photon statistics, asphericity, method of deprojection, etc. Analysing a sample of 16 clusters extracted from hydrodynamical simulations, we find that the median value of bias is within ±3% within R500, it decreases to −5% at R500 < r < 1.5 R500 and then rises back to ∼ 0% at r & 2 R500. The scatter of bP(r) between individual relaxed clusters is small – at the level of < 0.03 within R500, but turns significantly larger (0.25) and highly skewed (bP(r) ≫ 0) at r & 1.5 R500. For any relaxed cluster we find |bP(r)| < 15% within R500, across different implementations of input physics in the simulations. Unrelaxed clusters exhibit a larger scatter in bP(r) (both from radius to radius and from cluster to cluster).
On stochastic recursive equations and infinite server queues

The purpose of this paper is to investigate some performance measures of the discrete time infinite server queue under a general arrival process. We assume, more precisely, that at each time unit a batch with a random size may arrive, where the sequence of batch sizes need not be i.i. d. All we request is that it would be stationary ergodic and that the service duration has a phase type distribution. Our goal is to obtain explicit expressions for the first two moments of number of customers in steady state. We obtain this by computing the first two moments of some generic stochastic recursive equations that our system satisfies. We then show that this class of recursive equations allow to solve not only the G/PH//spl infin/ queue but also a network of such queues. We finally investigate the process of residual activity time in a G/G//spl infin/ queue under general stationary ergodic assumptions, obtain the unique stationary solution and establish coupling convergence to it from any initial state.
The Challenges of Inter-Organizational Business Process Design - A Research Agenda

Given the increasing importance of value chain collaboration, business processes need to be more closely aligned across organizational boundaries. Hence, business process modeling and design have to be enhanced and extended to cope with inter-organizational business relationships. Among the challenges that arise are interdependencies between internal and external processes, different process logic and terminology, missing clarification of responsibilities and confidentiality issues. This paper analyzes existing approaches to business process modeling, workflow management and B2B standardization with regard to the specific requirements concerning inter-organizational business process design. It extracts the relevant concepts addressing these requirements and draws up an agenda for further research.
GePaRD - A High-Level Generation Flow for Partially Reconfigurable Designs

This paper presents GePaRD, a novel approach to High-Level Synthesis of self-adaptive systems based on Partially Reconfigurable (PR) FPGAs. GePaRD combines Temporal Modularization and Temporal Placement in order to reduce the reconfiguration overhead at runtime by extracting Temporal Reusable Modules. We introduce the basics of High-Level PR design as well as the GePaRD design steps (transformations) and GePaRD descriptions (models). Moreover, we describe our approach to Temporal Modularization using Greedy Clique Partitioning and Temporal Placement using Simulated Annealing.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea as a Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease

Background and Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is frequent and in some degree it affects about 24% of male and 9% of female in middle age adults. This study aimed to assess the association between risk of OSA and CAD. Materials and Methods : This case-control study was performed among 184 patients with a history of coro- nary angiography in two catheter labs at hospitals in Qom, Iran. Control group had normal or minimal coronary stenosis (<50%) and case group had 1, 2 or 3 coronary vessel disease. All the patients completed demographic and Berlin questionnaires and then data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results : Mean (±SD) age of participants was 55.36 ± 10 years. A total of 119 (61.4%) patients were female. This study showed significant difference between risk of OSA in patients with CAD and those without CAD (OR=1.25), hypertension (OR=10.4) and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (OR=2.12), but there were no correlation between risk of OSA and ejection fraction less than 45% ( P value=0.582). Conclusions : OSA can be considered as one of the important risk factors for CAD.
Surface order scaling in stochastic geometry

Let Pλ := Pλκ denote a Poisson point process of intensity on [0; 1] d ;d ≥ 2, with a bounded density on [0; 1] d and ∈ (0; ∞). Given a closed subset M ⊂ [0; 1] d of Hausdorff dimension (d − 1), we consider general statistics ∑ x∈P (x; Pλ; M), where the score function vanishes unless the input x is close to M and where satisfies a weak spatial dependency condition. We give a rate of normal convergence for the re-scaled statistics ∑ x∈P ( 1/d x; 1/d Pλ; 1/d M) as → ∞. When M is of class C 2 we obtain weak laws of large numbers and variance asymptotics for these statistics, showing that growth is surface order, i.e. of order Vol( 1/d M). We use the general results to deduce variance asymptotics and central limit theorems for statistics arising in stochastic geometry, including Poisson-Voronoi volume and surface area estimators, answering questions in [17, 26]. The general results also yields the limit theory for the number of maximal points in a sample.
Three-dimensional Spectral Classification of Low-Metallicity Stars Using Artificial Neural Networks

We explore the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for the estimation of atmospheric parameters (Teff, log g, and [Fe/H]) for Galactic F- and G-type stars. The ANNs are fed with medium-resolution (Δλ ~ 1-2 Å) non-flux-calibrated spectroscopic observations. From a sample of 279 stars with previous high-resolution determinations of metallicity and a set of (external) estimates of temperature and surface gravity, our ANNs are able to predict Teff with an accuracy of σ(Teff) = 135-150 K over the range 4250 ≤ Teff ≤ 6500 K, log g with an accuracy of σ(log g) = 0.25-0.30 dex over the range 1.0 ≤ log g ≤ 5.0 dex, and [Fe/H] with an accuracy σ([Fe/H]) = 0.15-0.20 dex over the range -4.0 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ 0.3. Such accuracies are competitive with the results obtained by fine analysis of high-resolution spectra. It is noteworthy that the ANNs are able to obtain these results without consideration of photometric information for these stars. We have also explored the impact of the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) on the behavior of ANNs and conclude that, when analyzed with ANNs trained on spectra of commensurate S/N, it is possible to extract physical parameter estimates of similar accuracy with stellar spectra having S/N as low as 13. Taken together, these results indicate that the ANN approach should be of primary importance for use in present and future large-scale spectroscopic surveys.
Scheduling Parallel Iterative Applications on Volatile Resources

In this paper we study the execution of iterative applications on volatile processors such as those found on desktop grids. We develop master-worker scheduling schemes that attempt to achieve good trade-offs between worker speed and worker availability. A key feature of our approach is that we consider a communication model where the bandwidth capacity of the master for sending application data to workers is limited. This limitation makes the scheduling problem more difficult both in a theoretical sense and in a practical sense. Furthermore, we consider that a processor can be in one of three states: available, down, or temporarily preempted by its owner. This preempted state also complicates the scheduling problem. In practical settings, e.g., desktop grids, master bandwidth is limited and processors are temporarily reclaimed. Consequently, addressing the aforementioned difficulties is necessary for successfully deploying master-worker applications on volatile platforms. Our first contribution is to determine the complexity of the scheduling problem in its off-line version, i.e., when processor availability behaviors are known in advance. Even with this knowledge, the problem is NP-hard, and cannot be approximated within a factor $8/7$. Our second contribution is a closed-form formula for the expectation of the time needed by a worker to complete a set of tasks. This formula relies on a Markovian assumption for the temporal availability of processors, and is at the heart of some heuristics that aim at favoring "reliable'' processors in a sensible manner. Our third contribution is a set of heuristics, which we evaluate in simulation. Our results provide guidance to selecting the best strategy as a function of processor state availability versus average task duration.
Unifying Software Engineering Methods and Tools : Principles and Patterns from Information Foraging

Theories of human behavior are an important but largely untapped resource for software engineering research. They are important because lack of understanding of human software developers’ needs and activities can mean that important software engineering breakthroughs never get used outside the lab. Furthermore, theory abstracts beyond specific methods and tools to fundamental principles that can be applied to new situations. However, there is a caveat: to be an effective foundation for software engineering research, a human behavioral theory must not only be applicable to the field, but also be useful to researchers without backgrounds in psychology. Toward filling this gap, we investigate the applicability and utility of Information Foraging Theory (IFT) for understanding information-intensive software engineering tasks, drawing upon literature in three areas—debugging, refactoring, and reuse. We abstract from this literature to IFT constructs, showing that IFT can describe information-intensive software engineering activities in ways that explain why many tools and related methods succeeded; that IFT can unify information-intensive activities of software developers under a common theoretical framework; that IFT can uncover new research opportunities in multiple areas; and that IFT can reveal design patterns enabling software engineering researchers without backgrounds in psychology to take practical advantage of this theory.
Low avalanche noise characteristics in thin InP p/sup +/-i-n/sup +/ diodes with electron initiated multiplication

We have performed electron initiated avalanche noise measurements on a range of homojunction InP p/sup +/-i-n/sup +/ diodes with "i" region widths, w ranging from 2.40 to 0.24 /spl mu/m. In contrast to McIntyre's noise model a significant reduction in the excess noise factor is observed with decreasing w at a constant multiplication in spite of /spl alpha/, the electron ionization coefficient being less than /spl beta/, the hole ionization coefficient. In the w=0.24 /spl mu/m structure an effective /spl beta///spl alpha/ ratio of approximately 0.4 is deduced from the excess noise factor even when electrons initiate multiplication, suggesting that hole initiated multiplication is not always necessary for the lowest avalanche noise in InP-based avalanche photodiodes.
Control study of lithium carbonate combined with sodium valproate in the treatment of acute manic episode

Objective:To explore the efficacy and side effects of lithium carbonate with sodium valproate in the treatment of acute manic episode.Method:Fifty-six patients with acute manic episode were randomly assigned into two groups,lithium carbonate combined with sodium valproate and lithium carbonate alone for 6 weeks.Efficacy and side effects were assessed with Bech-Rafaelsen mania rating scale(BRMS)and treatment emergant symptom scale(TESS)before treatment and after treatment for 1,2,4,6 weeks.Results:As compared with the baseline scores,BRMS scores decreased significantly in both groups after 6 weeks' treatment,and the scores decreased more markedly in combined group(lithium carbonate and sodium valproate)than in alone group(lithium carbonate). Conclusion:The lithium carbonate combined with sodium valproate to treat acute manic episode has better efficacy and fewer adverse events,and taking effect more quickly.
UNIVERSITY STAFF ADOPTION OF IPADS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY USING AN EXTENDED TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL

The adoption of iPads in the university sector has been widespread, with attention predominantly being directed to students’ adoption and use of iPads. However, there is a lack of empirical research which has critically examined the key factors influencing university staff adoption of iPads. The main objective of this research is to empirically examine key factors influencing adoption of iPads by university staff. An online survey was used to collect quantitative data to validate the measurement model and test hypothesised relationships in an extended TAM. The findings from the results of the data analyses show that university staff consider iPads to be easy to use and useful, with a high level of compatibility with their work. Social status had no influence on the attitude of university staff to using an iPad in their workplace. However, older university staff and/or university staff with no previous experience in using a similar technology such as an iPhone or smartphone found iPads less easy to use. Furthermore, a lack of formal university ICT support for end-users impacted negatively on the use of iPads by university staff. This research contributes to theory by validating and establishing support for an extended TAM which is contextualized for iPad adoption by university staff. This model has practical application because it is generalisable for a range of mobile computing devices and can be used to evaluate the adoption and use of mobile computing devices in a range of industries beyond the university sector.
Geodynamically active areas in Central Europe determined on the bases of GPS measurements : kinematic models

The region of Central Europe, Adriatic region and Balkan Peninsula were subjects of geo-kinematical monitoring in several projects performed since 1992. Independent GPS epoch-wise observing campaigns took place in several regions and the whole territory is now covered by tens of permanent stations. The long-term observational series from permanent stations generally yield reliable site velocities, however distribution of such stations is not dense enough to provide velocity field with sufficient resolution all over the monitored region. On the other side the epoch-wise campaigns sites are much denser than the permanent ones, however the repeated epoch observations are not very frequent and their referencing is
Determinants of psychological resistance and recovery among women exposed to assaultive trauma

Women exposed to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) are at high risk for developing psychiatric disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), general anxiety disorder (GAD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and substance‐related disorders. However, this risk is not universal. Most women are resistant (i.e., remain asymptomatic), or recover following a brief symptomatic period. This study examined the psychological factors associated with resistant and recovered outcomes in a sample of high‐risk women exposed to assault‐related PTEs.
New Metrics for Newsblog Credibility

The blogosphere is an invaluable source of insight into attitudes towards significant world and local events. Traditional measures of topical relevance, timeliness, specificity and credibility are inadequate when it comes to blogs, however, due to their short length, high degree of quotation, exophoricity, and the short life cycle of blog postings. In this paper, we motivate a novel metric for blog credibility that is one of the metrics underlying a blog search and analytics engine we are constructing.
PREDICTABILITY OF STRONG GROUND MOTION IN THE IMPERIAL VALLEY: MODELING THE M4.9, NOVEMBER 4, 1976 BRAWLEY EARTHQUAKE

Strong-motion displacements, recorded at 33 km (IVC) and 36 km (ELC) from the November 4, 1976 Brawley earthquake, are modeled using the Cagniard-deHoop technique. The IVC record consists almost entirely of transversely polarized motion, whereas the ELC record contains an approximately equal proportion of transversely and radially polarized motion. A simplified shear-wave velocity model was determined from the compressional wave refraction studies of Biehler, Kovach, and Allen (1964). The epicentral location and focal mechanism computed from P-wave first-arrival studies were used to locate and orient a double-couple point source within the layered half-space. The far-field time function and source depth were the only parameters without good independent constraints. A triangular far-field time function with a duration of 1.5 sec and a source depth of 7 km were sufficient to model the first 25 sec of tangential ground motion. It appears that the effects of velocity structure on the propagation of long-period SH waves are predictable in the Imperial Valley. A study of the synthetic Fourier amplitude spectra indicates that wave propagation effects should be included in studies of source spectra and seismic wave attenuation.
DETERMINATION OF ANTIBODY CLASS IN A SYSTEM OF COOPERATING ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS

19S and 7S memory is analyzed in a system of cooperating antigenic determinants. Cooperation occurs in the induction of both 19S and 7S secondary antibodies, and for both responses carrier specificity can be entirely accounted for by presensitization of the animal to carrier determinants. The class distribution of secondary anti-hapten antibody depends on the dose of the hapten primary-carrier conjugate used for priming, and on the time interval between priming with the hapten primary-carrier conjugate and secondary injection. The conditions of priming with the secondary carrier influence the extent of the secondary response but not the class distribution of secondary antibody. The data confirm the cooperation hypothesis of antibody induction. Specifically, we interpret them to mean that in hapten-carrier cooperation, the hapten-specific memory cells are predetermined for the class of the emerging antibodies. Together with the hapten-specific memory cells, the carrier-specific helpers are responsible for the extent of the secondary response.
Temporal evolution of the pulse width in GRBs

Many cosmological models of GRBs envision the energy source to be a cataclysmic stellar event leading to a relativistically expanding fireball. Particles are thought to be accelerated at shocks and produce nonthermal radiation. The highly variable temporal structure observed in most GRBs has significantly constrained models. By using different methods of statistical analysis in the time domain we show that the width of the pulses in GRBs time histories remain remarkably constant throughout the classic GRB phase. If the emission sites lie on a relativistically expanding shell, we determine both the amount of deceleration and the angular spread of the emitting region from the time dependency of the pulse width. We find no deceleration over at least 2/3 of the burst duration and angular spreads of the complete emitting shell that are substancially smaller than . The lack of temporal evolution of the pulse width should be explained by any fireball shock scenario.
Bmc Molecular Biology Characterization of the Transcripts and Protein Isoforms for Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation Element Binding Protein-3 (cpeb3) in the Mouse Retina

Background: Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding proteins (CPEBs) regulate translation by binding to regulatory motifs of defined mRNA targets. This translational mechanism has been shown to play a critical role in oocyte maturation, early development, and memory formation in the hippocampus. Little is known about the presence or functions of CPEBs in the retina. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the alternative splicing isoforms of a particular CPEB, CPEB3, based on current databases, and to characterize the expression of CPEB3 in the retina.
Market Structure, Internal Capital Markets, and the Boundaries of the Firm

We study how the creation of an internal capital market (ICM) can invite strategic responses in product markets that, in turn, shape firm boundaries. ICMs provide ex post resource flexibility, but come with ex ante commitment costs. Alternatively, stand‐alones possess commitment ability but lack flexibility. By creating flexibility, integration can sometimes deter a rival's entry, but commitment problems can also invite predatory capital raising. These forces drive different organizational equilibria depending on the integrator's relation to the product market. Hybrid organizational forms like strategic alliances can sometimes dominate integration by offering some of its benefits with fewer strategic costs.
Developments in Plant-Based Vaccines Against Diseases of Concern inDeveloping Countries

Vaccination has been extensively used to prevent, eradicate and control infectious diseases. However, the development and implementation of new vaccines remains prohibitively expensive for middle and low income countries where such measures are surely needed most. The production of plant-based vaccines provides a promising alternative to create affordable biological products. In the past decade, a growing number of research groups worldwide have studied plant expression and parenteral or oral delivery of vaccine antigens, some showing promising potential. Here, we describe the basis of the system and the state of the art of developments regarding diseases of concern in developing countries.
What Drives Investors' Behaviour in Different FX Market Segments? A Var-Based Return Decomposition Analysis

We apply the Campbell-Shiller return decomposition to exchange rate returns and fundamentals in a stationary panel vector autoregression framework. The return decomposition is then used to analyse how different investor segments react to news as captured by the different return components. The results suggest that intrinsic value news are dominating for equity investors and speculative money market investors while investors in currency option markets react strongly to expected return news. The equity and speculative money market investors seem able to distinguish between transitory and permanent FX movements while options investors mainly focus on transitory movements. We also find evidence that offsetting impact on the various return components can blur the effect of macroeconomic data releases on aggregate FX excess returns. JEL Classification: C23, F31, F32, G15