Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Head Colour and Age Relate to Personality Traits in Gouldian Finches

Colour polymorphism is a widespread phenomenon in vertebrates and has often been linked with differences in behaviour such as aggression or boldness, behaviours that are often part of personality traits in monomorphic species. However, up to now, very few studies have looked whether colour morphs just differ in average behaviour or whether specific combinations of behaviours are favoured in relation to a particular morph therefore signalling personality traits. This was tested in the highly social and polymorphic Gouldian finch (Erythrura gouldiae). Tests were performed in pairs of a red-headed and a black-headed individual of same sex and size but different age. Capture rank in the aviary as well as latency to feed beside a novel object (neophobia) and to approach and touch a novel object on a perch (neophilia) were measured. For neophobia and neophilia, ranks of latencies calculated across all individuals were used and general and within-pair comparisons were made. Neophobia and approach neophilia were consistent over time (2 mo), and approach neophilia was positively correlated with capture rank and neophobia indicating that the behaviours are part of personality traits. Moreover, black-headed birds generally approached the novel object earlier than red-headed birds. Similarly, within pairs, black-headed birds were first to approach the novel object and were also captured first. Relative age (younger or older than the partner) was related to neophobia and tactile neophilia ranks; older birds reacted faster. The results indicate that colour morphs not only differ in average behaviour but that specific combinations of behaviours are related to colour morphs suggesting that head colours signal personality traits. Furthermore, depending on age individuals may have different roles in a social network.
Subordinates' observations: Feedback for management development

How can managers receive realistic feedback about the consequences of their behavior? One undervalued source of feedback is subordinates' observations. This article describes a study of subordinates' observations that were used to evaluate managers' skills. This source is compared with other sources of feedback, and methods of collecting and using subordinates' observations to improve managerial skills are presented. The study further illustrates how subordinates' observations can provide a realistic, positive method for gathering information about managers' long-term behavior so that the company, subordinates, and managers all benefit from the skills assessment.
Predictive validity of the Trauma Screening Questionnaire in detecting post-traumatic stress disorder in patients with psychotic disorders

Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highly prevalent in patients with a psychotic disorder. Because a PTSD diagnosis is often missed in patients with psychosis in routine care, a valid screening instrument could be helpful. Aims To determine the validity of the Trauma Screening Questionnaire (TSQ) as a screening tool for PTSD among individuals with psychotic disorders. Method Among 2608 patients with a psychotic disorder, the rate of trauma exposure was determined and the TSQ was administered to screen for PTSD. PTSD status was verified in 455 patients using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (trial registration: [ISRCTN 79584912][1]). Results Trauma exposure was reported by 78.2% of the 2608 patients. PTSD prevalence was estimated at 16% (95% CI 14.6–17.4%) compared with 0.5% reported in the patients’ clinical charts. A TSQ cut-off score of six predicted PTSD with 78.8% sensitivity, 75.6% specificity, 44.5% correct positives and 93.6% correct negatives. Conclusions The TSQ seems to be a valid screening tool for PTSD in patients with a psychotic disorder. [1]: /external-ref? link_type=ISRCTN&access_num=ISRCTN79584912
Instructional Design and Powerful Learning

Skillfully executed, instructional design can result in effective and efficient means to meet learning goals. However, more powerful learning experiences seem to go beyond effectiveness, efficiency, appeal, and even predetermined goals. This study sought to identify the key features of instructional design, to determine the nature of powerful learning experiences, and to explore how the two might relate. A survey of experts and a series of interviews with adult learners revealed overlap in some areas, for example, in the perceived importance of active engagement in authentic situations, and clear differences in others, most significantly the importance placed by learners on continual face-to-face personal interaction with a mentor/expert teacher. Speculations are offered on what similar results from additional studies might imply with regard to design actions and choices, and questions for further research are posed.
Introduction to special issue on the aesthetics of interaction

INTRODUCTION The penetration of interactive technology in everyday life fundamentally challenges the way we understand and design for human-computer interaction. As computer systems change from being very specific tools for work to computational things present as just ordinary everyday things, the meaning of human-computer interaction also changes as exemplified by the interactive pillow Johan Redström refers to in his article in this issue: Interactive Pillow is a reinterpretation of what it means to hug a pillow when longing for someone, and a transformation of this act into an act of communication . These pillows come in pairs that are wirelessly connected to each other (through the Internet), and when one of them is hugged, the other will light up. We are dealing with new devices and new qualities of use which are not necessarily related to efficiency but rather related to emotional qualities, to ex-periential qualities, and to aesthetic qualities as illustrated by the case of the pillow. New conferences and workshops that explore various aspects of the consequences of the integration of computing into everyday life are emerging. New terms are entering the HCI vocabulary such as emotion, pleasure, experience, expression, and indeed aesthetics. Work by Dunne, Gaver, Raby and others at The Royal College of Art in London and the work on tangible media at the MIT Media Lab are examples of pioneering work in this area that has been particularly influential—not to forget the importance of the work on ubiquitous computing done by Weiser and others at Xerox PARC. Aesthetics is increasingly viewed as a key issue with respect to interactive technology and we see this as a useful reference for digging into the new land of HCI. To some extent, it is a perspective and an area of research and development that has been hidden or forgotten for a rather long time. There are many reasons for this but an important one is the distinction between HCI as empirical science and HCI as design practice. There is often a gap between interaction design as a subject in the design schools and computer-human interaction as a behavioral science. Expressing functionality in the process of designing necessarily involves aesthetic considerations, whereas aesthetic experience is but one possible aspect of human-computer-interaction we might study. Another aspect is the distance we have to walk between both of these places and the engineering schools hosting computer science where HCI sometimes …
SOCIOECONOMIC POSITION AND HEALTH: The Independent Contribution of Community Socioeconomic Context1

▪ Abstract Is living in a relatively poor community bad for your health; is living in a relatively affluent community good for your health; or is it only your own socioeconomic position that matters to your health no matter where you live? This article (a) presents a conceptual model suggesting the basic pathways that may link community socioeconomic context to individual health, (b) reviews recent research that has examined whether the socioeconomic context of communities impacts the health of individual residents, over and above their own socioeconomic position, (c) discusses conceptual and methodological challenges of current research, and (d) suggests new directions for future research such as the importance of more closely examining how age, race, gender, and individual socioeconomic position may moderate the impact of community socioeconomic context on individual health and mortality.
TITLE Lifetime physical activity , neuromuscular performance and body composition in healthy young men AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS

The purpose of the current study was to determine the relationships between lifetime physical activity participation, neuromuscular performance and body composition in men at musculoskeletal maturity. Fifty healthy men (age 25.2 ±4.5 years) volunteered to participate. Lifetime physical activity was determined from the Bone-specific Physical Activity Questionnaire. Impulse generated during a maximal vertical jump was calculated as an index of neuromuscular performance. Bone mineral density (BMD), lean and fat mass were determined from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (XR800, Norland). A subsample of participants (n=13) additionally underwent peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT, XCT3000, Stratec) measures. Results demonstrated that those in the highest tertile for lifetime physical activity exhibited the greatest lumbar spine BMD (μdiff = 0.12 g/cm 2 p=0.005) and lean body mass index (LBMI) (p=0.04). Those in the highest tertile for impulse also exhibited the highest whole body (μdiff = 0.08 g/cm 2 ), lumbar spine (μdiff = 0.14 g/cm 2 ), and femoral neck BMD (μdiff = 0.15 g/cm 2 ) (p≤0.05). All BMD differences exceeded the least significant change. Childhood physical activity was positively related to LBMI (r=0.28, p=0.05) whereas sedentary activity was inversely related to femoral neck BMD (r=-0.33, p=0.02). Results support recommendations for sustained physical activity participation during
Lateralization of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Learning Disabilities, as Defined by Disability‐related Civil Rights Law

Summary: Purpose: Epilepsy research has identified higher rates of learning disorders in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, most studies have not adequately assessed complex functional adult learning skills, such as reading comprehension and written language. We designed this study to evaluate our predictions that higher rates of reading comprehension, written language, and calculation disabilities would be associated with left TLE versus right TLE.
Intrathecal Ropivacaine for Labor Analgesia: A Comparison with Bupivacaine

Ropivacaine has less potential for central nervous system and cardiovascular toxicity than bupivacaine; in pregnant patients and volunteers, it produces less motor block in equianalgesic doses than bupivacaine.We compared two doses of intrathecal ropivacaine combined with sufentanil with a standard dose of intrathecal bupivacaine plus sufentanil for labor analgesia using a combined spinal-epidural (CSE) technique. In a prospective, randomized, double-blind fashion, 48 patients requesting labor analgesia received either 2.5 mg of intrathecal bupivacaine plus sufentanil 10 [micro sign]g (B), 2 mg of intrathecal ropivacaine plus sufentanil 10 [micro sign]g (R2), or 4 mg of intrathecal ropivacaine plus sufentanil 10 [micro sign]g (R4). Duration of analgesia and side effects, such as motor block, pruritus, hypotension, ephedrine requirements and fetal bradycardia, were recorded. Duration of analgesia (mean +/- SD) was 79 +/- 30 min for R2, 98 +/- 19 min for R4, and 92 +/- 38 min for B (P = not significant). No differences in motor block or side effects were detected among the groups. We conclude that ropivacaine, when combined with sufentanil, is effective for providing CSE labor analgesia and offers no advantage over bupivacaine in the studied doses. Implications: In this study, we compared a standard dose of intrathecal bupivacaine with sufentanil for combined spinal epidural analgesia with two doses of the new local anesthetic ropivacaine. Both local anesthetics provided similar labor analgesia duration with equivalent side effect profiles in the doses studied. (Anesth Analg 1998;87:624-7)
Dynamic Receptive Fields of Reconstructed Pyramidal Cells in Layers 3 and 2 of Rat Somatosensory Barrel Cortex

Whole‐cell voltage recordings were made in vivo from subsequently reconstructed pyramidal neurons (n= 30) in layer 3 (L3) and layer 2 (L2) of the barrel cortex of urethane‐anaesthetised rats. Average resting membrane potentials were well below (15−40 mV) action potential (AP) initiation threshold. The average spontaneous AP activity (0.068 ± 0.22 APs s−1) was low. Principal whisker (PW) deflections evoked postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) in almost all cells of a PW column but evoked AP activity (0.031 ± 0.056 APs per PW stimulus 6 deg deflection) was low indicating ‘sparse’ coding by APs. Barrel‐related cells (n= 16) have their soma located above a barrel and project their main axon through the barrel whereas septum‐related cells (n= 8) are located above and project their main axon through the septum between barrels. Both classes of cell had broad subthreshold receptive fields (RFs) which comprised a PW and several (> 8) surround whiskers (SuW). Barrel‐related cells had shorter PSP onset latencies (9.6 ± 4.6 ms) and larger amplitude PW stimulus responses (9.1 ± 4.5 mV) than septum‐related cells (23.3 ± 16.5 ms and 5.0 ± 2.8 mV, respectively). The dendritic fields of barrel‐related cells were restricted, in the horizontal plane, to the PW column width. Their axonal arbors projected horizontally into several SuW columns, preferentially those representing whiskers of the same row, suggesting that they are the major anatomical substrate for the broad subthreshold RFs. In barrel‐related cells the response time course varied with whisker position and subthreshold RFs were highly dynamic, expanding in size from narrow single‐whisker to broad multi‐whisker RFs, elongated along rows within 10‐150 ms following a deflection. The response time course in septum‐related cells was much longer and almost independent of whisker position. Their broad subthreshold RF suggests that L2/3 cells integrate PSPs from several barrel columns. We conclude that the lemniscal (barrel‐related) and paralemniscal (septum‐related) afferent inputs remain anatomically and functionally segregated in L2/3.
Talking Past Each Other? Cultural Framing of Skeptical and Convinced Logics in the Climate Change Debate

This article analyzes the extent to which two institutional logics around climate change—the climate change “convinced” and the climate change “skeptical” logics—are truly competing or talking past each other in a way that can be described as a logic schism. Drawing on the concept of framing from social movement theory, it uses qualitative field observations from the largest climate deniers conference in the United States and a data set of almost 800 op-eds from major news outlets over a 2-year period to examine how convinced and skeptical arguments of opposing logics employ frames and issue categories to make arguments about climate change. This article finds that the two logics are engaging in different debates on similar issues with the former focusing on solutions while the latter debates the definition of the problem. It concludes that the debate appears to be reaching a level of polarization where one might begin to question whether meaningful dialogue and problem solving has become unavailable to participants. The implications of such a logic schism is a shift from an integrative debate focused on addressing interests, to a distributive battle over concessionary agreements with each side pursuing its goals by demonizing the other. Avoiding such an outcome requires the activation of, as yet, dormant “broker” categories (technology, religion, and national security), the redefinition of existing ones (science, economics, risk, ideology), and the engagement of effective “climate brokers” to deliver them.
Exchange Ideology as a moderator of Knowledge Sharing in virtual teams: a social exchange theory perspective

The objective of this study is to examine how individual Exchange Ideology (EI) influences the relationship between perceived economic and social benefits and Knowledge Sharing (KS) behaviour in the context of virtual teams. It draws on social exchange theory to test whether EI would positively moderate the relationship between three perceived benefits (i.e., extrinsic rewards, reciprocity, and reputation) and virtual team members' KS behaviour. Contrary to the theory of team-member social exchange, the findings suggest that in virtual KS contexts, EI negatively moderates the relationships between extrinsic rewards, reciprocity and KS, but has no effect on reputation and KS.
Excessive daytime sleepiness in Parkinson disease: a SPECT study.

STUDY OBJECTIVES The underlying pathologic mechanism of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in Parkinson disease and the relative contributions of brain function to this process are poorly understood. We compared brain perfusion images between patients with Parkinson disease and EDS and those without EDS using n-isopropyl-p-1231 iodoamphetamine single photon emission computed tomography. DESIGN Clinical study. SETTING Sumitomo Hospital. PATIENTS Thirteen patients with Parkinson disease with EDS (EDS group) and 27 patients with Parkinson disease without EDS (no-EDS group) were studied. Whether or not each case had EDS was determined according to the response to the Epworth Sleepiness Scale: patients with an Epworth Sleepiness Scale score > or = 10 were included in the EDS group, and patients with an Epworth Sleepiness Scale score < or = 9 were included in the no-EDS group. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS There were significant hypoperfusions in the left parietal and temporal association cortex in the EDS group. In the multivariable logistic regression model, attention and decreased regional cerebral blood flow of the left parietal association cortex and right caudate and increased regional cerebral blood flow of the right thalamus were the independent and significant factors. CONCLUSIONS The cortical hypofunction relative to hyperfunction of the brain stem may relate to EDS in Parkinson disease. This is the first imaging study about EDS in Parkinson disease, and further studies are required.
Renal transplantation studies in genetic hypertension.

Renal cross-transplantation experiments revealed that the kidney plays a key role in primary hypertension. Advanced animal breeding strategies leading to the generation of congenic and consomic rat strains combined with renal transplantation experiments will allow researchers to quantify the contribution of renal and extrarenal mechanisms to the development of genetic forms of hypertension.
Emotional Development across Adulthood: Differential Age-Related Emotional Reactivity and Emotion Regulation in a Negative Mood Induction Procedure

The present study examines the hypothesis that older adults might differentially react to a negative versus neutral mood induction procedure than younger adults. The rationale for this expectation was derived from Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (SST), which postulates differential salience of emotional information and ability to regulate emotions across adulthood. The present data support a view of differential age-related effects of negative mood inductions with greater and more heterogeneous emotional reactivity among older adults, who showed a substantially greater decrease in self-rated pleasantness, calmness, and wakefulness than younger adults. Moreover, relative to the younger adults, emotion regulation in terms of mood repair was more effective among the older adults. The age-related mood effects are discussed in terms of SST and have practical implications for the study of emotion and cognition across adulthood.
The Politics of Relocation: Gender, Nationality, and Value in a Mexican Maquiladora

In this paper, I combine a Marxist critique of the labor theory of value with poststructuralist feminist theories of subjectivity to illustrate how the decision to transfer a manufacturing operation out of Mexico revolves around the culturally constructed meanings of identity internal to the firm. I attempt to illustrate how the managers of a maquiladora establish patterns for designating national and sex differences among their employees to support an argument that the production of valuable commodities is a social process interwoven with the social construction of differential values in people. And I endeavor to show how these complicated processes for identifying value in things, and in the people who make them, have an impact upon the internal structure of the firm. The paper is based upon several months of ethnographic research conducted in a multinational maquiladora located in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua.
A Longitudinal Study of Early Adolescent Precursors to Running Away

Although previous research has examined correlates of running away among samples of currently homeless and runaway adolescents, little is known about what factors will predict the likelihood that a housed adolescent with no prior history of running away will leave home. As such, the current study uses the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to examine predictors of running away among a diverse sample of housed adolescents ages 12 through 13. Results indicate that socioeconomic status, being African American or Hispanic, and monitoring were significantly predictive of a decrease in the mean rate of running away in midadolescence. In contrast, being female, neighborhood victimization, personal victimization, school suspension, and delinquency all significantly increased the expected frequency of running away. Although findings provide some support for previous cross-sectional studies, they also point to the importance of young people's community environment as a risk factor for leaving home.
The effects of taboo-related distraction on driving performance

Driver distraction is an important risk factor in motor vehicle crashes. Roadside billboards containing negative and positive emotional content have been shown to have differential effects on driving, however, little is known about the impact of taboo information. Taboo information more reliably evokes emotional arousal than other emotional information and can lead to greater attentional capture due to its inherent ‘shock value. ’ We examined the potential for driver distraction from four different types of information presented on roadside billboards: highly arousing taboo words, moderately arousing positive and negative words, and non-arousing neutral words. Results showed that taboo words were associated with better lane control and memory recall compared to the other word types. Our findings suggest that taboo words captured the most attention, but also led to a more careful driving style. One possible explanation is that drivers may be narrowing their attention to the driving task when highly aroused.