Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Building pre-service teaching efficacy: a comparison of instructional models

Background: Cooperative Learning (CL) is an inclusive name for various models of teaching/learning methods, all of which emphasize the fundamental of meaningful collaboration among learners during their learning activities. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine whether the CL teaching model contributed to the teaching efficacy and planning skills of student teachers. Participants and settings: Forty-nine physical education student teachers were assigned to one of two groups: the Cooperative Learning Group (CLG) or the Direct Instruction Group (DIG). Research design: Each group was divided into small teaching groups of 3–5 students. Intervention in both groups included participation in a 15-week methods class. At the end of each lesson, the instructors checked off a list of criteria that indicated the model they used during the session. In addition, the student teachers also practiced their field experience teaching at the same school once a week throughout the year. During the second semester, 12 days of field experience were added. During these 12 additional days the pre-service teachers taught in the same school every day, supervised by the school's cooperating teachers and by their supervisors. Intervention relating to the CL model included: (1) Theoretical content knowledge about the essence of the model and its philosophical aspects, as well as basic principles of team-building procedures; (2) Practical experience of the pre-service teachers' (three lessons), focusing on ‘building a community of learners’ in the PE classes, ‘communication and trust’ between the students, and ‘problem-solving’ issues; and (3) Written assignments related to CL on: planning ‘ice-breaking’ activities for building a community of learners, setting up activities related to communication and trust in a group, and developing activities that emphasize problem-solving. In addition, all the participants were asked to plan one CL teaching unit consisting of four lessons of 45 minutes each. Criteria for evaluation of the unit and the lesson plan were explained by the instructors. Data collection: All participants filled out physical education teaching efficacy questionnaires before and after the intervention, at the end of the intervention, their unit plans were analyzed using rubrics determining planning abilities. Findings: Results demonstrated that at baseline, there were no differences between the two groups in the self-efficacy mean score (DIG pre = 7.6; CLG pre = 7.6), but a significant difference appeared between the groups over time (F(1, 47) = 16.467, p < 0.0001), where the DIG perceived their teaching efficacy to be higher than did the CLG, but the CLG included more cooperation principals in their planning compared to their counterparts. Conclusion: It is recommended that physical education teacher education programs focus on no more than two or three instructional models during the three-year program, and that they should be thoroughly practiced until they are mastered.
An ultra low-energy DAC for successive approximation ADCs

An ultra low-energy successive approximation (SA) Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) is presented. The proposed ADC uses an energy-efficient unit capacitor array having a new switching arrangement in DAC for passive charge re-distribution. Reference levels are generated sequentially to get successive bits. The proposed method is analyzed theoretically and compared with other methods. Mathematical analysis shows that energy dissipation per bit can be reduced to the minimum possible normalized level, which is approximately 200 times lower than reported theoretical values. Simulation results of the proposed DAC in 90nm UMC MM CMOS process are also presented.
Parenting and adolescents’ psychological adjustment: Longitudinal moderation by adolescents’ genetic sensitivity

Abstract We examined whether adolescents’ genetic sensitivity, measured by a polygenic index score, moderated the longitudinal associations between parenting and adolescents’ psychological adjustment. The sample included 323 mothers, fathers, and adolescents (177 female, 146 male; Time 1 [T1] average age = 12.61 years, SD = 0.54 years; Time 2 [T2] average age = 13.59 years, SD = 0.59 years). Parents’ warmth and hostility were rated by trained, independent observers using videotapes of family discussions. Adolescents reported their symptoms of anxiety, depressed mood, and hostility at T1 and T2. The results from autoregressive linear regression models showed that adolescents’ genetic sensitivity moderated associations between observations of both mothers’ and fathers’ T1 parenting and adolescents’ T2 composite maladjustment, depression, anxiety, and hostility. Compared to adolescents with low genetic sensitivity, adolescents with high genetic sensitivity had worse adjustment outcomes when parenting was low on warmth and high on hostility. When parenting was characterized by high warmth and low hostility, adolescents with high genetic sensitivity had better adjustment outcomes than their counterparts with low genetic sensitivity. The results support the differential susceptibility model and highlight the complex ways that genes and environment interact to influence development.
Independence of visuotopic representation and orientation map in the visual cortex of the cat

The representations of visual space and stimulus orientation were mapped in the cat primary visual cortex using electrophysiological recordings supplemented with intrinsic signal optical imaging. The majority of units displaced up to 600 µm laterally had overlapping RFs both in orientation domains and around singularities of the orientation map. Quantitative comparison of these units revealed only a weak, positive correlation between the difference in their preferred orientations and RF separations (area 17: r = 0.09; area 18: r = 0.15). The occurrence of nonoverlapping RFs could be accounted for by random RF position scatter rather than by orientation difference between the units. Monte Carlo analysis showed that our findings are compatible with a locally smooth and linear representation of visual space that is not coupled to the representation of stimulus orientation. An important functional implication of the above map relationships is that positional information captured by the retina is faithfully transmitted into the cortex.
β2-adrenergic receptor Thr164Ile polymorphism, obesity, and diabetes: comparison with FTO, MC4R, and TMEM18 polymorphisms in more than 64,000 individuals.

CONTEXT The β(2)-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) influences regulation of energy balance by stimulating catecholamine-induced lipolysis in adipose tissue. The rare functional ADRB2rs1800888(Thr164Ile) polymorphism could therefore influence risk of obesity and subsequently diabetes. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that the ADRB2rs1800888(Thr164Ile) polymorphism associates with risk of obesity and diabetes and compared effect sizes with those of FTO(rs9939609), MC4R(rs17782313), and TMEM18(rs6548238). DESIGN AND SETTING We conducted a population-based cohort study in Copenhagen, Denmark. PARTICIPANTS We genotyped more than 64,000 individuals from the Danish general population. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We evaluated body mass index (BMI), obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m(2)), and diabetes. RESULTS Rare allele frequencies were 0.02 for T for ADRB2rs1800888(Thr164Ile), 0.40 for A for FTOrs9939609, 0.25 for C for MC4Rrs17782313, and 0.20 for T for TMEM18rs6548238. For rare vs. common homozygotes, odds ratio for obesity was 3.32 (95% confidence interval = 1.08-10.19) for ADRB2rs1800888(Thr164Ile), 1.42 (1.35-1.52) for FTOrs9939609, 1.18 (1.06-1.30) for MC4Rrs17782313, and 1.28 (1.10-1.50) for TMEM18rs6548238 (common vs. rare). Corresponding odds ratios for diabetes were 1.85 (0.24-14.29), 1.22 (1.07-1.39), 0.96 (0.80-1.16), and 1.61 (1.17-2.22), respectively. After adjustment for BMI, only TMEM18rs6548238 remained associated with diabetes. BMI was increased in rare vs. common homozygotes in FTOrs9939609, MC4Rrs17782313, and TMEM18rs6548238 (common vs. rare) but not in ADRB2rs1800888(Thr164Ile). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that ADRB2rs1800888(Thr164Ile) rare vs. common homozygotes are not significantly associated with an increase in BMI measured continuously but may be associated with an increased risk of obesity. Also, TMEM18rs6548238 associated with risk of diabetes after adjustment for BMI. These findings need confirmation in other studies.
CD 14 Influences Host Immune Responses and Alternative Activation of Macrophages during Schistosoma mansoni Infection

Antigen-presenting cell (APC) plasticity is critical for controlling inflammation in metabolic diseases and infections. The roles that pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play in regulating APC phenotypes are just now being defined. We evaluated the expression of PRRs on APCs in mice infected with the helminth parasite Schistosoma mansoni and observed an upregulation of CD14 expression on macrophages. Schistosome-infected Cd14 / mice showed significantly increased alternative activation of (M2) macrophages in the livers compared to infected wild-type (wt) mice. In addition, splenocytes from infected Cd14 / mice exhibited increased production of CD4 -specific interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13 and CD4 Foxp3 IL-10 regulatory T cells compared to cells from infected wt mice. S. mansoni-infected Cd14 / mice also presented with smaller liver egg granulomas associated with increased collagen deposition compared to granulomas in infected wt mice. The highest expression of CD14 was found on liver macrophages in infected mice. To determine if the Cd14 / phenotype was in part due to increased M2 macrophages, we adoptively transferred wt macrophages into Cd14 / mice and normalized the M2 and CD4 Th cell balance close to that observed in infected wt mice. Finally, we demonstrated that CD14 regulates STAT6 activation, as Cd14 / mice had increased STAT6 activation in vivo, suggesting that lack of CD14 impacts the IL-4R -STAT6 pathway, altering macrophage polarization during parasite infection. Collectively, these data identify a previously unrecognized role for CD14 in regulating macrophage plasticity and CD4 T cell biasing during helminth infection.
The Effect of a Combined High-Intensity Plyometric and Speed Training Program on the Running and Jumping Ability of Male Handball Players

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a combined program including sprint repetitions and drop jump training in the same session on male handball players. Methods Twenty-two male handball players aged more than 20 years were assigned into 2 groups: experimental group (n=11) and control group (n=11). Selection was based on variables “axis” and “lines”, goalkeepers were not included. The experimental group was subjected to 2 testing periods (test and retest) separated by 12 weeks of an additional combined plyometric and running speed training program. The control group performed the usual handball training. The testing period comprised, at the first day, a medical checking, anthropometric measurements and an incremental exercise test called yo-yo intermittent recovery test. 2 days later, participants performed the Repeated Sprint Ability test (RSA), and performed the Jumping Performance using 3 different events: Squat jump (SJ), Countermovement jump without (CMJ) and with arms (CMJA), and Drop jump (DJ). At the end of the training period, participants performed again the repeated sprint ability test, and the jumping performance. Results The conventional combined program improved the explosive force ability of handball players in CMJ (P=0.01), CMJA (P=0.01) and DJR (P=0.03). The change was 2.78, 2.42 and 2.62% respectively. No significant changes were noted in performances of the experimental group at the squat jump test and the drop jump with the left leg test. The training intervention also improved the running speed ability of the experimental group (P=0.003). No statistical differences were observed between lines or axes. Conclusion Additional combined training program between sprint repetition and vertical jump in the same training session positively influence the jumping ability and the sprint ability of handball players.
The ethics of prophylactic antibiotics for neurosurgical procedures

The prophylactic use of antibiotics has become a routine procedure in many areas of medicine. In neurosurgery, however, there is considerable debate over their use in the prevention of postoperative infection. We pose several ethical questions about antibiotic prophylaxis in a neurosurgical setting. These questions are discussed under the following categories: responsible usage of antibiotics; the ethical dilemmas of controlled, antibiotic clinical trials, and some problems inherent in not using prophylactic antibiotics.
Leitura de histórias e evocação de estados mentais por pré-escolares

This work is an investigation of the mental terms evoked by preschool children from 5 and 6 years old during the reading of an illustrated children book. (Truks - Publisher Atica). The individual stories of the children, selected according to their age, had been recorded, transcribed and analyzed. It was possible to identify words and expressions related to mental states through four categories: cognitive and emotional terms, wishes/intention and perceptions. The results indicated that the children of both ages used terms concerning to mental states in the reading of narrative with image. The most evoked terms were the wishes/intention and perceptions, followed emotional, cognitive. There were significant difference between the total numbers of terms evoked by those of 6 years (264) and those of 5 years old (183). The predominance of perceptive terms indicates that the children focused on their narratives terms that denote more physical behaviours and actions of the characters than subjective states. Words key: Philosophy of mind, early chilhood education, infantile literature.
A Report Card on Latina/o Leadership in California’s Public Universities

The article examines the status of leadership in two California public higher education systems: California State University (CSU) and the University of California (UC) from 2001 to 2009. Findings reveal that the representation of Latina/o faculty and administrators does not reflect the density in the Latina/o undergraduate student and general population. The level of success in hiring faculty and administrators within the two California public higher education systems is analyzed.
Crisis Modeler: A Tool for Exploring Crisis Predictions

This paper presents CrisisModeler as a tool for exploring financial crisis predictions. Despite wide interest in crisis prediction, little attention has been given to generalizable modeling solutions, real-time implementations, thorough comparisons among methods and interactive interfaces to explore models and their output. CrisisModeler combines many approaches used in predicting financial crises within a fullyfledged framework for modeling and evaluation, and provides an implementation of a general-purpose tool with a web-based interactive interface to explore model output. We present the underlying framework behind CrisisModeler and illustrate the use of it with a case study on European banks, including a horse race of methods and investigations of different specifications. The case study illustrates the versatility and suitability of the tool for supporting exploration and communication of models for crisis prediction.
Immune Response to Chlamydial 60-Kilodalton Heat Shock Protein in Tears from Nepali Trachoma Patients

ABSTRACT Although the host immune response to the 60-kDa chlamydial heat shock protein (hsp60) has been implicated in trachoma pathogenesis, no studies have examined mucosal immune responses to hsp60 in populations for which chlamydia is endemic. Tears and sera from Nepali villagers were reacted against hsp60 fusion proteins, whole hsp60, and the major outer membrane protein (MOMP). Tears from villagers without disease were anti-hsp60 immunoglobulin G (IgG) reactive in 6 (38%) of 16 villagers compared with 36 (90%) of 40 with follicular trachoma (TF) (P < 0.001); 47 (89%) of 53 with inflammatory trachoma (TI) (P < 0.001); and 31 (84%) of 37 with conjunctival scarring (TS) (P = 0.002). By multivariate analysis, odds ratios for tear hsp60 IgG immunoreactivity in villagers with TF, TI, and TS were 49.2 (confidence interval [CI], 2.7 to 898), 22.6 (CI, 3 to 170), and 13.6 (CI, 1.4 to 133), respectively. There were no significant differences for tear IgA or secretory IgA (sIgA) reactivity to hsp60 or for tear sIgA and IgG reactivity to MOMP. Serum anti-hsp60 IgG immunoreactivity was associated with TI only. These data suggest that anti-hsp60 IgG immunoreactivity represents largely locally derived antibodies, which may promote disease pathology. In contrast, nonspecific high rates of anti-hsp60 sIgA antibodies suggest chronic or repeat stimulation from an endemic source of organisms.
The Health Consequences of Speaking Out

People who speak out in the public interest, known as whistleblowers, often threaten vested interests. When whistleblowers suffer reprisals, as frequently occurs, the consequences for their health can be serious. Interviews with members of Whistleblowers Australia reveal that whistleblowers can experience a range of adverse psychological and physical effects, some of them quite serious. Whistleblowers use various methods to cope with these consequences, including telling their stories and seeking support from counsellors and others. Key words whistleblowing; health; coping; well-being
Incorporating Computation Time Measures During Heterogeneous Features Selection in a Boosted Cascade People Detector

In this paper, we investigate the notion of incorporating feature computation time measures during feature selection in a boosted cascade people detector utilizing heterogeneous pool of features. We present various approaches based on pareto-front analysis, computation time weighted Adaboost, and Binary Integer Programming (BIP) with comparative evaluations. The novel feature selection method proposed based on BIP – the main contribution – mines heterogeneous features taking both detection performance and computation time explicitly into consideration. The results demonstrate that the detector using this feature selection scheme exhibits low miss rates with significant boost in frame rate. For example, it achieves a 2.6% less miss rate at 10e−4 FPPW compared to Dalal and Triggs HOG detector with a 9.22x speed improvement. The presented extensive experimental results clearly highlight the improvements the proposed framework brings to the table.
Rhodiola Rosea L.- An Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy in the Context of a Neurological Disorder, Alzheimer Disease

ii RÉSUMÉ . iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv TABLE OF CONTENTS . ix LIST OF FIGURES . xi LIST OF TABLES . xiv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xvi CHAPTER 1General Introduction . 1 1.
Gene frequencies of human platelet alloantigens in Bahraini Arabs

Human platelet antigens (HPA) are implicated in the pathophysiology of certain hematological disorders, and as varied distribution of HPA‐1 alleles and genotypes were reported fordifferent countries and ethnic populations, we determined the distribution of HPA‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐4, and ‐5 alleles, genotypes and haplotypes for 194 healthy Bahraini subjects by polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers. The distribution of the HPA polymorphisms was in Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium. Allele frequencies of 0.76 and 0.24 (HPA‐1a and ‐1b), 0.77 and 0.23 (HPA‐2a and ‐2b), 0.57 and 0.43 (HPA‐3a and ‐3b), 0.93 and 0.07 (HPA‐4a and ‐4b), and 0.86 and 0.13 (HPA‐5a and ‐5b) were seen. With the exception of HPA‐3a/a (30.4%), the frequencies of homozygous HPA‐1a/a (56.8%), 2a/a (60.1%), 4a/a (87.2%), and 5a/a (75.7%) were higher than those of heterozygous (a/b) or homozygous (b/b) variants. Our results provide basic information for further studies of the HPA system polymorphism, which in turn will be instrumental in understanding and treating immune‐mediated platelet disorders. Am. J. Hematol 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physical and Statistical Behavior of Multifault Earthquakes: Darfield Earthquake Case Study, New Zealand

We use Coulomb stress change (CSC) analyses and seismicity data to model the physical and statistical behavior of the multifault source of the 4 September 2010 Mw 7.1 Darfield earthquake in New Zealand. Geodetic and seismologic data indicate this earthquake initiated on a severely misoriented reverse fault and propagated across a structurally complex fault network including optimally oriented faults. The observed rupture sequence is most successfully modeled if maximum CSC imposed by rupture of the hypocentral fault on to receiver faults exceeds theoretical threshold values of 1 to 5 MPa that are assigned based on fault slip tendency and stress drop analyses. CSC modeling using the same criteria but initiating the earthquake on other faults in the network results in a multifault rupture cascade for five of seven scenarios. Analysis of earthquake frequency‐magnitude distributions indicates that a Gutenberg‐Richter frequency‐magnitude distribution for the near‐source region cannot be rejected in favor of a characteristic earthquake distribution. However, characteristic behavior is more favored probabilistically because ruptures initiating on individual source faults in the system are statistically more likely to cascade into multifault ruptures with larger amalgamated Mw (Mwmax = 7.1) than to remain confined to the hypocentral source fault (Mw = 6.3 to 6.8). Our favored hypothesis is that system rupture behavior is regulated by misoriented faults that occupy critical geometric positions within the network, as previously proposed for the 2010 El Mayor‐Cucapah earthquake in Baja California. Other fault networks globally may exhibit similar physical and statistical behaviors.
Self-Management of Heart Disease by Older Adults

A randomized, controlled trial involving 636 older individuals was conducted to evaluate an intervention to enhance self-management of heart disease. Program participants experienced less impact of illness on their psychosocial functioning (p <.05), especially their emotional behavior (p < .05) and alertness (p < .01). Compared to controls, male program participants experienced improvements in their physical functioning, specifically their ability to ambulate (p < .05) and the frequency and severity of their symptoms. Female program participants did not experience gains in physical functioning. Most group differences emerged by 12 months and decayed by the 18-month final evaluation. To accurately assess the pattern of change associated with a program of this type, evaluation over at least 18 months following program completion may be needed. Separate interventions for older men and women with heart disease appear warranted, as do follow-up activities at strategic points in time to sustain program effects.
Developmental changes in infant brain activity during naturalistic social experiences.

Between 6 and 12 months, typically developing infants undergo a socio-cognitive "revolution. " The Interactive Specialization (IS) theory of brain development predicts that these behavioral changes will be underpinned by developmental increases in the power and topographic extent of socially selective cortical responses. To test this hypothesis, we used EEG to examine developmental changes in cortical selectivity for ecologically valid dynamic social versus non-social stimuli in a large cohort of 6- and 12-month-old infants. Consistent with the Interactive Specialization model, results showed that differences in EEG Θ activity between social and non-social stimuli became more pronounced and widespread with age. Differences in EEG activity were most clearly elicited by a live naturalistic interaction, suggesting that measuring brain activity in ecologically valid contexts is central to mapping social brain development in infancy.