Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The political economy of state regulation: the case of the British Factory Acts

This paper examines the British Factory Acts (enacted 1833–78) to articulate a political economic theory of policy formation. It argues that the British Factory Acts stabilised conditions for both capital accumulation and social reproduction, while perpetuating patriarchal–capitalist relations. Through these Acts, the state intervened in industrial relations to address social coordination problems and overexploitation caused by the incentive structure of firms and households. Overexploitation posed three threats to social reproduction: the deterioration of the health of the working class, the destabilisation of gender norms and patriarchal structures and political mobilisation of the working and middle classes. By conceptualising protective policy as the solution to social coordination problems in the industrial capitalist labour market, this paper builds upon Polanyian insights into the ‘double movement’, with an explicit Marxian theory of exploitation, the classical theory of competition and insights from feminist theories of social reproduction, unwaged labour and the patriarchal–capitalist system.
Molecular diagnosis of lyssaviruses and sequence comparison of Australian bat lyssavirus samples.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate and implement molecular diagnostic tests for the detection of lyssaviruses in Australia. DESIGN A published hemi-nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of all lyssavirus genotypes was modified to a fully nested RT-PCR format and compared with the original assay. TaqMan assays for the detection of Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV) were compared with both the nested and hemi-nested RT-PCR assays. The sequences of RT-PCR products were determined to assess sequence variations of the target region (nucleocapsid gene) in samples of ABLV originating from different regions. RESULTS The nested RT-PCR assay was highly analytically specific, and at least as analytically sensitive as the hemi-nested assay. The TaqMan assays were highly analytically specific and more analytically sensitive than either RT-PCR assay, with a detection level of approximately 10 genome equivalents per microl. Sequence of the first 544 nucleotides of the nucleocapsid protein coding sequence was obtained from all samples of ABLV received at Australian Animal Health Laboratory during the study period. CONCLUSION The nested RT-PCR provided a means for molecular diagnosis of all tested genotypes of lyssavirus including classical rabies virus and Australian bat lyssavirus. The published TaqMan assay proved to be superior to the RT-PCR assays for the detection of ABLV in terms of analytical sensitivity. The TaqMan assay would also be faster and cross contamination is less likely. Nucleotide sequence analyses of samples of ABLV from a wide geographical range in Australia demonstrated the conserved nature of this region of the genome and therefore the suitability of this region for molecular diagnosis.
Feedback can reduce the specification complexity of motor programs

In this paper, we show that, when it is possible to use feedback in the specification of "motor programs" (symbolic strings of instructions that specify particular movements), the length of the descriptions of the instruction sequences for carrying out a given task can be reduced by a factor that reflects the richness of the available feedback signals. The model on which this work is based is that of a finite automaton, modified in such a way that instruction processing is akin to the way in which difference or differential equations "process" piecewise-constant inputs.
A computer-based procedure for assessing functional cognitive skills in patients with neurological injuries: The virtual street

Primary objective. The aim of the present investigation was to construct and pilot test a computer-based multi-tasking procedure that could be used to assess the ability of patients with neurological damage to remember instructions in the real world. Research design. A simulated street scene was constructed from a network of photographs and sounds that patients could move through using a touch screen. Three patients with severe, moderate or mild cognitive impairment were assessed on a range of neuropsychological tests and three multi-tasking procedures based in the street. The performance of each patient was compared with that of a matched control. Procedure. Three tests were administered, each of which involved ‘walking’ along the length of the street once. On the first test, participants were given up to five errands to remember while moving along the street. On the other two tests they were given three instructions to carry out repeatedly (e.g. ‘Record the name of the nearest shop when you hear a dog bark’). In one condition they were given the three instructions on a sheet they could consult and in the other they had no list. Outcomes and results. In each case the patient performed more poorly on the multi-tasking test than the matched control. The patients’ performance on the computer-based tests was consistent with clinical descriptions of their memory-related deficits. Conclusion. The results illustrate the way in which computer presentation of naturalistic stimuli can be used to construct flexible and standardized tests of memory functioning that have enhanced ecological validity.
Clinico-pathological study of adnexal tumors of skin -

The aims of this work is to determine the spectrum of histopathological patterns of Adnexal tumors of skin, to characterise the tumors histologically according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification system for skin adnexal tumors and to analyse the tumor with regard to behaviour, anatomic location and sex of the patient. The study was conducted retrospectively at the department of Pathology; in a Tertiary care Hospital in South India. Study duration was 3 years from June 2009 to June 2012. All the Adnexal tumors received during this period were collected and Hematoxylin and Eosin and slides of special stains of the same were reviewed and lesion were characterised according to WHO classification system for Skin Adnexal Tumors. 40 cases of Adnexal tumors were diagnosed during the study period. 36 cases (90%) were benign, while 4 cases (10%) were malignant. Tumors were observed more commonly in females with M: F ratio of 1.5:2. Most tumors were localized to head and neck region (62.5%), followed by trunk and upper limb (27.5%), abdomen and lower limb (7.5%) and labia majora (2.5%). Most common tumors were Eccrine tumors 18 cases (45%), followed by 12cases (30%) of Pilar tumors, 7 cases (17.5%) of Apocrine tumors and least common being tumors with sebaceous differentiation 3 cases (7.5%). Practically adnexal tumors of Skin have been historically classified into 4 groups. However, in some cases, the diagnosis of Adnexal neoplasm presents unique difficulties. Although most of these tumors are benign, it is important to diagnose them accurately, if incompletely excised can recur and evaluation of margins is recommended.
Tropical-extratropical interactions with the MJO skeleton and climatological mean flow

AbstractSimplified asymptotic models are developed to investigate tropical–extratropical interactions. Two kinds of interactions are illustrated in the model: (i) MJO initiation through extraction of energy from barotropic Rossby waves and (ii) MJO termination via energy transfer to extratropical Rossby waves. A new feature, in comparison to previous simplified models, is that here these waves interact directly in the presence of a climatological mean flow given by the Walker circulation. The simplified models are systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) for the amplitudes of barotropic Rossby waves and the MJO, and they are systematically derived from the MJO skeleton model by using multiscale asymptotics. The simplified ODEs allow for rapid investigation of a wide range of model parameters, such as initial conditions and wind shear. Zonally uniform wind shear is shown to have only a minor effect on these interactions here, in contrast to the important role of the zonally varying wind shear asso.
Model Perilaku Penerimaan Teknologi Informasi:Pengaruh Variabel Prediktor, Moderating Effect,Dampak Penggunaan Teknologi InformasiTerhadap Produktivitas dan Kinerja Usaha Kecil

Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) mengetahui sejauh mana penggunaan teknologi informasi, terutama komputer, dalam proses operasi perusahaan; (2) mengetahui pengaruh langsung variabel prediktor, yang meliputi ekspektasi kinerja (performance expectance), ekspektasi usaha (effort expectance), pengaruh sosial (social influence), dan kondisi pendukung (facilitating condition), terhadap tingkat penggunaan teknologi informasi; (3) mengetahui pengaruh moderating effect, yang meliputi jenis kelamin, umur, pengalaman, dan kewajiban menggunakan suatu sistem informasi, terhadap hubungan antara prediktor dengan tingkat penggunaan teknologi informasi yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan UKM; serta (4) menganalisis dampak penggunaan teknologi informasi terhadap produktivitas dan kinerja usaha kecil. Faktor yang akan diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan model UTAUT (unified theory of acceptance and use of technology) faktor individual pemilik UKM yang mencakup performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, dan facilitating condition, daya inovasi individu; faktor organisasi dan intensitas penggunaan internet; serta faktor kinerja perusahaan yang meliputi pertumbuhan penjualan dan peningkatan keuntungan. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menggambarkan bahwa penggunaan komputer terlihat sudah cukup tinggi di kalangan pengelola UKM, khususnya untuk pembentukan laporan keuangan, namun rasanya perlu diimbangi dengan berbagai bentuk pelatihan dan tambahan perangkat lunak aplikasi.
EQuB-Ethernet quality of service using black bursts

EQuB is an overlay mechanism to Ethernet's MAC protocol that provides QoS guarantees to real-time applications. In its basic form, EQuB relies on the sensing and collision detection abilities of standard network interface cards and, in addition, requires only that those cards be capable of sending jam signals-so called black bursts-of pre-specified durations. EQuB gives access priority to real-time traffic, provides round-robin service among real-time hosts and guarantees a small, bounded delay to real-time packets. We also discuss enhancements to the basic EQuB mechanism that improve its performance. Simulation results are presented that assess the performance of 10 and 100 BASE-T Ethernet LANs with a mixed population of data and real-time hosts. We conclude that, in spite of the priority, attained by real-time traffic, data packer delays are not significantly affected as data load is traded for real-time load, and this is because EQuB dispatches packets to the channel much more efficiently than Ethernet's MAC protocol.
Changing Body Image and Well-Being: Following the Experience of Massive Weight Loss and Body Contouring Surgery

This paper reports on the perception of changing body image and well-being for patients who had undergone plastic surgery following massive weight loss. The exploratory, qualitative study was undertaken with 20 patients from one teaching hospital in the south of England. Semi-structured interviews were carried out and a thematic analysis of the data undertaken. The results provide important insights regarding body contouring influencing body image change and the adjustment process involved. The ability to pursue self-esteem and the accruing social benefits is emphasized in the interrelated sub themes including social acceptance, undoing depression and sexual vitality. Body contouring surgery following massive weight loss appears to facilitate improvement in body image and well-being. Adjustment to the changing body image is both empowering and challenging. Supportive educational programmes need to be developed to assist this transition to a more positive body image and appreciation; these could usefully include access to and involvement with patient support groups.
Sonochemical coatings of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles inhibit Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation on teeth model.

Antibiotic resistance has prompted the search for new agents that can inhibit bacterial growth. We recently reported on the antibiofilm activities of nanosized ZnO and CuO nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by using sonochemical irradiation. In this study, we examined the antibacterial activity of ZnO and CuO NPs in a powder form and also examined the antibiofilm behavior of teeth surfaces that were coated with ZnO and CuO NPs using sonochemistry. Free ZnO and CuO NPs inhibited biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans . Furthermore, by using the sonochemical procedure, we were able to coat teeth surfaces that inhibited bacterial colonization.
Special Edition paper: Transition, self-regulation, independent learning and goal theory

This paper reflects upon findings from a qualitative study exploring the difficulties some students had when attempting to engage with the requirements of ‘Independent Learning’ following the transition to university. The paper considers ways in which the students’ prior learning experiences while studying for A-level may have established certain learning goals that would be difficult to continue to follow whilst also meeting the new HE requirements. These observations are set within the theoretical framework provided by motivational goal theory suggesting some future developments for that theory. These proposed changes include the development of our understanding of the goal of ‘performativity’.
Gene expression of the renin-angiotensin system in human tissues. Quantitative analysis by the polymerase chain reaction.

Activation of tissue-specific gene expression of the components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in humans may play an important role in cardiovascular regulation and pathophysiology. Studies of human tissue RAS expression, however, have been limited by the lack of availability of sufficient amounts of fresh human tissues and a sensitive method for detecting specific mRNAs. To demonstrate the presence of components of local RASs in humans we used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after reverse transcription to detect renin- angiotensinogen-, and angiotensin-converting enzyme-mRNA in small quantities of human tissues. Results indicated that all components of the RAS were widely expressed in human organ samples. In order to study changes of gene expression in small tissue samples (e.g., renal biopsies) obtained from patients, we established a competitive PCR assay for quantification of renin, using a 155-basepair deletion mutant of the human renin cDNA as an internal standard. Renin-mRNA concentration was quantitated in the kidney (1.74 +/- 0.2 pg renin/micrograms total RNA), adrenal gland (1.15 +/- 0.15 pg renin/micrograms total RNA), placenta (0.7 +/- 0.1 pg renin/micrograms total RNA), and saphenous vein (0.02 +/- 0.01 pg renin/micrograms total RNA). The method described here may serve as a highly sensitive tool to quantify alterations in gene expression in man under various pathophysiologic conditions. This study should provide the methodological basis for future studies of tissue RAS in human physiology and disease.
Visual Abilities in Individuals with Profound Deafness A Critical Review

The world is inherently multisensory, and our ability to interact with it largely depends on the capability of our cognitive system to coherently use and integrate such variety of sensory inputs. Consider, for instance, the way in which we monitor the environment. In humans, vision plays a crucial role in informing the cognitive system about the spatial layout of the scene, and in recognizing objects and events. However, during steady fixation of gaze in one direction, the visual field typically extends 100° laterally on either side, 60° upward, and 75° downward (Harrington 1971). This leaves a large portion of the surrounding environment unexplored to vision, unless constant eye, head, and trunk movements are performed. Other distal senses, such as hearing or smell, can overcome this visual field limitation, providing inputs about regions of the environment beyond the boundaries of current visual perception. These additional sensory modalities can inform our cognitive system about stimuli that occur behind our body, are hidden by visual obstacles, or occur
Beyond block I/O: Rethinking traditional storage primitives

Over the last twenty years the interfaces for accessing persistent storage within a computer system have remained essentially unchanged. Simply put, seek, read and write have defined the fundamental operations that can be performed against storage devices. These three interfaces have endured because the devices within storage subsystems have not fundamentally changed since the invention of magnetic disks. Non-volatile (flash) memory (NVM) has recently become a viable enterprise grade storage medium. Initial implementations of NVM storage devices have chosen to export these same disk-based seek/read/write interfaces because they provide compatibility for legacy applications. We propose there is a new class of higher order storage primitives beyond simple block I/O that high performance solid state storage should support. One such primitive, atomic-write, batches multiple I/O operations into a single logical group that will be persisted as a whole or rolled back upon failure. By moving write-atomicity down the stack into the storage device, it is possible to significantly reduce the amount of work required at the application, filesystem, or operating system layers to guarantee the consistency and integrity of data. In this work we provide a proof of concept implementation of atomic-write on a modern solid state device that leverages the underlying log-based flash translation layer (FTL). We present an example of how database management systems can benefit from atomic-write by modifying the MySQL InnoDB transactional storage engine. Using this new atomic-write primitive we are able to increase system throughput by 33%, improve the 90th percentile transaction response time by 20%, and reduce the volume of data written from MySQL to the storage subsystem by as much as 43% on industry standard benchmarks, while maintaining ACID transaction semantics.
Psychoses, Income, and Occupational Prestige

A study of 12,168 male first admissions from Chicago to public and private mental hospitals shows that the age-adjusted commitment rates by occupational groups are negatively correlated with the factors of occupational income and prestige. These results are tentatively explained by occupational selection and the differential experiences which men have as direct and indirect results of their occupation.
Territorial Policy Communities and the Scottish Policy Style: the Case of Compulsary Education

Devolu t ion in Scot land has p roduced the potent ial for major changes to publ ic pol icy and pol icymaking . It has p rompted academic at tention to the 'Scot t ish pol icy s ty le ' , wh ich refers to the n e w ways in which the Scott ish Governmen t ( 'Scot t i sh Execu t ive ' from 1999-2007) makes pol icy fol lowing consul ta t ion and negot ia t ion with 'pressure pa r t i c ipan t s ' 1 such as interest g roups , local government organisat ions and unions . Devolu t ion has also p rompted m a n y pressure part icipants , and interest groups in part icular , to change their organisations (devolving lobbying functions to Scott ish branches) and/ or lobbying strategies (shifting their at tention from the U K to the Scott ish Government ) . The overal l picture is posi t ive: n e w 'pol icy communi t i e s ' have developed, reflecting the general ly open and consul tat ive approach of the Scott ish Governmen t and the increased wi l l ingness and ability of groups to engage construct ively in po l icymaking in Scot land (Keat ing and Stevenson, 2 0 0 1 ; Keat ing , 2005 ; 2010 ; Cairney, 2008 ; 2009a; M c G a r v e y and Cairney,
Visions of Compassion: Western Scientists and Tibetan Buddhists Examine Human Nature

PART 1: HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL BACKGROUND 1. Training the Mind: First Steps in a Cross-Cultural Collaboration in Neuroscientific Research 2. A Science of Compassion or a Compassionate Science? What Do We Expect from a Cross-Cultural Dialogue with Buddhism? 3. Is Compassion an Emotion? A Cross-Cultural Exploration of Mental Typologies 4. Kindness and Cruelty in Evolution 5. Understanding Our Fundamental Nature DIALOGUES, PART 1: FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS PART 2: SOCIAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND BIOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS OF ALTRUISM, COMPASSION, AND RELATED CONSTRUCTS 6. Toward a Biology of Positive Affect and Compassion 7. Empathy-Related Emotional Responses, Altruism, and Their Socialization 8. Emergency Helping, Genocidal Violence, and the Evolution of Responsibility and Altruism 9. Altruism in Competitive Environments DIALOGUES, PART 2: PRAGMATIC EXTENSIONS AND APPLICATIONS ABOUT THE MIND AND LIFE INSTITUTE
A new population of extended, luminous star clusters in the halo of M31

We present three new clusters discovered in the halo of M31 which, although having globularlike colours and luminosities, have unusually large half-light radii, ∼30 pc. They lie at projected galactocentric distances of ≈15 to ≈35 kpc. These objects begin to fill the gap in parameter space between globular clusters and dwarf spheroidals, and are unlike any clusters found in the Milky Way, or elsewhere to date. Colour‐magnitude diagrams, integrated photometric properties and derived King profile fit parameters are given, and we discuss possible origins of these clusters and their relationships to other populations. Ke yw ords: galaxies: individual: M31 ‐ galaxies: star clusters.
Any Nonincreasing Convergence Curve is Possible for GMRES

Given a nonincreasing positive sequence $f(0) \geq f(1) \geq \cdots \geq f(n-1) > 0$, it is shown that there exists an $n$ by $n$ matrix $A$ and a vector $r^0$ with $\| r^0 \| = f(0)$ such that $f(k) = \| r^k \|$, $k=1, \ldots , n-1$, where $r^k$ is the residual at step $k$ of the GMRES algorithm applied to the linear system $Ax=b$, with initial residual $r^0 = b - A x^0$. Moreover, the matrix $A$ can be chosen to have any desired eigenvalues.
Enteric motor and interneuronal circuits controlling motility

The enteric nervous system regulates intestinal motility. It contains intrinsic sensory neurones, several types of interneurones and excitatory and inhibitory motor neurones. This review summarizes our knowledge of motor neurones and interneurones in simple motility reflex pathways (ascending and descending excitation, descending inhibition) and it focuses on guinea‐pig ileum. Excitatory circular muscle motor neurones contain choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and tachykinins and project orally 0.5–10 mm. They transmit via muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and tachykinins acting at NK1 and NK2 receptors. Inhibitory circular muscle motor neurones contain nitric oxide synthase (NOS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating peptide (PACAP), project anally up to 25 mm and transmit via ATP, nitric oxide and/or VIP. Ascending interneurones project up to 10 mm orally and contain ChAT and tachykinins. They transmit to each other via ACh at nicotinic receptors (nAChR), but to excitatory motor neurones via both nAChR and NK3 receptors. There are at least three types of descending interneurones and one transmits to inhibitory motor neurones via ATP acting at P2X receptors. NOS‐containing descending interneurones receive input via P2Y receptors from other interneurones. Transmission to and from the other descending interneurones (ChAT/5‐HT, ChAT/somatostatin) is yet to be characterized.