Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Kohonen Self Organizing Map for the Uncertainty Involved in Overlapping Clusters Using Simulated Annealing

The Kohonen self organizing map is widely used as a popular tool in the exploratory phase of data mining. The SOM (Self Organizing Maps) maps high dimensional space into a 2-dimensional grid by placing similar elements close together, forming clusters. Recently research experiments presented that to capture the uncertainty involved in cluster analysis, it is not necessary to have crisp boundaries in some clustering operations. In this paper to overcome the uncertainty, an optimized clustering algorithm based on SOM which employs the rough set theory and the Simulated Annealing as a general technique for optimization problems is proposed. The optimized two-level stage SA-Rough SOM (Simulated Annealing – Rough Self Organizing Map) (first using SOM to produce the prototypes that are then clustered in the second stage based on the combination of rough set and simulated annealing) is found to perform well and more accurate compared with the crisp clustering methods (i.e. Incremental SOM) and reduces the errors.
A Game of Cat's Cradle: Science Studies, Feminist Theory, Cultural Studies

"Nature" is a topos, or commonplace. Nature is a topic I . cannot avoid. It is the imploded, densely packed location for the simulta­ neously ethnospecific, cultural, political, and scientific conversa­ tions about what the allowable structures of action and the possible plots in the sacred secular dramas of technoscience-as well as in the analysis of technoscience-might be. This nature, this common place and topical commons, has possessed me sin.ce I was a child. To inhabit this nature has not been a choice, but a complex inheri­ tance. I was riveted by natural law and fixed in the time zones of the Christian liturgical year, and then set loose in the culture medi­ um of the molecular biological laboratory. For people nurtured in the worlds in which I grew up, whatever else it also is, nature is good to think with.
A Role for Nuclear Factor I in the Intrinsic Control of Cerebellar Granule Neuron Gene Expression*

Nervous system formation requires the elaboration of a complex series of differentiation events in both a spatially and maturation-regulated manner. A fundamental question is how neuronal subtype specification and developmental gene expression are controlled within maturing neurons. The α6 subunit of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor (GABRA6) is preferentially expressed in cerebellar granule neurons and is part of an intrinsic program directing their differentiation. We have employed a lentiviral approach to examine the transcriptional mechanisms controlling neuronal subtype-selective expression of this gene. These studies demonstrated that nuclear factor I (NFI) proteins are required for both transgenic GABRA6 promoter activity as well as endogenous expression of this gene in cerebellar granule neurons. Chromatin immunoprecipitation also showed that NFI proteins are bound to the GABRA6 promoter in these cells in vivo. Furthermore, analyses of gene knockout mice revealed that Nfia is specifically required for normal expression of the GABRA6 gene in cerebellar granule neurons. NFI expression and DNA binding activity are highly enriched in granule neurons, implicating this transcription factor family in the neuronal subtype-selective expression of the GABRA6 gene. These studies define a new role for NFI proteins as neuronal subtype-enriched transcriptional regulators that participate in an intrinsic transcriptional program directing the differentiation of cerebellar granule neurons.
Use of Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta in a Multidisciplinary Approach

The usage of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta, also known as aortic balloon occlusion, is an emerging method for bleeding control as a bridge to definitive treatment in trauma management. We describe a trauma case where resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta was used as part of the EndoVascular hybrid Trauma and bleeding Management concept to facilitate transient hemorrhage control and thereby to permit damage control surgery. The case is an illustration of the adoption of a multidisciplinary approach.
FINE STRUCTURE OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES

Edwards, Mercedes R. (New York State Department of Health, Albany) and Roy W. Stevens. Fine structure of Listeria monocytogenes. J. Bacteriol. 86:414–428. 1963. —Cells of Listeria monocytogenes, at different stages of growth, were fixed with osmium tetroxide and treated with uranyl acetate. The material was dehydrated in alcohol, embedded in prepolymerized methacrylate, and studied in thin sections. In most of the micrographs, the plasmalemma (or plasma membrane) showed a pattern of three dense lines, each ca. 25 A thick, alternating with two light zones, each ca. 30 A thick. The outer light zone was regularly bridged by strands of dense material, and the inner one was not. The dense line at the edge of the cytoplasm was not always discernible because of its similarity in density with the ground cytoplasm, although it could be easily demonstrated in lysed cells and in protoplasts. The latter were found to be limited by a pair of dense lines, each ca. 25 A thick, bounding a light core ca. 30 A thick. This structure corresponds to a “unit” membrane, but it represents only a part of the plasmalemma of the intact cell; it was therefore interpreted as being more complex than a single unit membrane. Intracytoplasmic membranes of various configurations were clearly shown to be extensions of the plasmalemma. They may branch repeatedly and anastomose to form a complicated honeycomb-like organelle or organelles of different appearances, sometimes lamellate. The lamellar bodies are envisioned as resulting from spiraled ingrowths. The various kinds of ingrowths of the plasmalemma were designated “plasmalemmosomes” to indicate their origin; however, some of these organelles in Listeria were similar to those described in different bacteria by other authors. Plasmalemmosomes have been found in both aerobically and anaerobically grown cells. Another outstanding feature in many micrographs was the nucleoid, which contains dense fibrils measuring 25 to 50 A in diameter. These fibrils frequently appeared to be coiled and were of the order of magnitude ascribed to deoxyribonucleic acid molecules.
The reliability and validity of self, peer and staff reports of bullying and victimisation in correctional and care institutions

Abstract Connell and Farrington (1997) carried out the first study of the reliability and validity of reports of bullying and victimisation in correctional institutions, using individual interviews. The present research describes the second study on this topic using questionnaire measures of self, peer and staff reports of bullying and victimisation in one Children's Home (N=16 residents, 15 peers, 6 staff, making up to 1440 comparisons) and one Correctional Home (N=19 residents, 18 peers, 6 staff, making up to 2052 comparisons) in Croatia. The present study improved on the Connell and Farrington study by examining the test–retest stability of the questionnaire and using relative improvement over chance coefficients in assessing inter-rater reliability. Unlike in the Connell and Farrington study, self-reports of bullying and victimisation were collected in small groups rather than in individual interviews. Generally, there was significant agreement between residents, peers and staff in identifying bullies and victims, and the test–retest stability of the questionnaire was high. In line with the findings of Connell and Farrington, it is concluded that self-reports provide the most reliable and valid data about bullying amongst institutionalised youth.
Risk Factors for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

An automatic fluid-flow control system is provided for controlling the quantity of fluid allowed to flow uninterrupted through a conduit. It is particularly useful in controlling potentially damaging floods caused by breakage in a branch plumbing line used to supply water to beverage dispensing appliances, ice-making machines and similar devices which repeatedly consume limited quantities of water in relatively short flow cycles. The fluid-flow control system includes a flow meter which emits a signal containing information about the flow of fluid and also indicating when fluid is flowing and when it is not. The preferred metering device emits pulses at a rate proportional to the flow rate. A counter accumulates a pulse count during each period of fluid flow. A separate pulse sensing network senses the beginning and end of each period of fluid flow and disables and initializes the counter whenever fluid is not flowing. The accumulated pulse count in the counter is proportional to the quantity of fluid passing through the meter. The counter is set to close a solenoid valve whenever a predetermined maximum pulse count is exceeded. A back-up protective circuit is also provided, employing a timer to measure the time interval of each fluid-flow cycle. When the time interval is exceeded, the timer closes the solenoid valve. In addition to the flood protector mode of operation, a configuration employing the same circuit as a dispenser control device is also disclosed.
Danish General Practitioners' Use of Prostate-Specific Antigen in Opportunistic Screening for Prostate Cancer: A Survey Comprising 174 GPs

Background. The use of prostate-specific antigen test has markedly increased in Danish general practice in the last decade. Despite the national guidelines advice against PSA screening, opportunistic screening is supposed to be the primary reason for this increased number of PSA tests performed. Aims. Based on the increase in the amount of PSA conducted, we aimed to analyse how GPs in Denmark use the PSA test. Methods. A self-administrated questionnaire concerning symptomatic and asymptomatic patient cases was developed based on the national and international guidelines and the extensive literature review, and an in-depth interview conducted with a GP was performed. Results. None of the GPs would do a PSA measurement for an asymptomatic 76-year-old man. For asymptomatic 55- and 42-year-old men, respectively, 21.9% and 18.6% of GPs would measure PSA. Patient request and concern could be potential reasons for measuring PSA for asymptomatic patients. Almost all GPs stated that a PSA measurement is indicated for symptomatic 49- and 78-year-old men, respectively, 98.9% and 93.8%. Conclusion. Opportunistic PC screening is being performed in general practice to a high degree. Hence, current guidelines are not followed, and intense focus should be on more effective implementation strategies in order to avoid overuse of PSA.
Stability and photochemical properties of vanadate-trapped nucleotide complexes of gizzard myosin in the 6S and 10S conformations: identification of an active-site serine.

The properties of divalent metal.ADP. vanadate (V(i)) complexes of the 6S extended and 10S folded conformations of gizzard myosin before and after UV irradiation have been studied. The half-lives of both 6S and 10S myosin.MgADP. V(i) complexes in the dark at 0 degrees C are on the order of 2 weeks. Brief irradiation with UV light, however, photomodified the enzyme as suggested by changes in the NH(4+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities, and destabilized the complexes. The 6S complex, when irradiated, released ADP and V(i) rapidly (t1/2 less than or equal to 1 min) as has been observed in comparable experiments with skeletal myosin subfragment 1 (S1) [Grammer et al. (1988) Biochemistry 27, 8408-8415]. The irradiated 10S complex released approximately 20% of the ADP and V(i) rapidly (t1/2 less than or equal to 1 min), but the remainder stayed trapped, possibly as the vanadyl (VO2+). ADP complex, for much longer times (t1/2 approximately 8 h). The site of photomodification was sought by reducing both photomodified 6S and 10S myosin with NaB3H4. Amino acid composition analyses identified [3H]serine as the only labeled residue(s), suggesting that the hydroxymethyl group of serine had been oxidized to an aldehyde as shown previously for photomodified skeletal myosin S1 [Cremo et al. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 6608-6611]. The 29-kDa NH2-terminal tryptic peptide from the heavy chain was found to contain essentially all of the [3H]serine. Preparations of 6S and 10S [3H]myosin were digested exhaustively with trypsin. An identical [3H]peptide was purified from each preparation and its sequence determined to be Glu169-Asp-Gln-Ser-Ile-Leu-(Cys)-Thr-Gly-[3H]Ser-Gly-Ala-Gly-Ly s183. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Substratum‐Associated Microbiota

This review of literature on substratumassociated microbiota from 2014 highlights topics on benthic algae and bacteria from a range of aquatic environments, but focuses on freshwater habitats. Advances in pollution and toxin detection, assessment methods, and applications of new technologies are highlighted as are updates in taxonomy and systematics. Aspects of general ecology, water quality, nutrient cycling, trophic interactions, land use changes, biofuels, biofouling, and environmental challenges such as climate change, pollutants, tar sands and fracking, oil spills and nuisance blooms are presented.
A Test of Revised Scales for the Meyer and Allen (1991) Three-Component Commitment Construct

Despite evidence that Allen and Meyer’s scales measure three-component commitment in a reliable and valid manner, the literature contains recurring criticism of several scale items. Criticisms refer to violations of content validity, poor reflection of the construct, and a measurement artifact in the form of a reverse-scoring method factor. This study surveyed five published sets of factor pattern coefficients from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, all of which corroborate the consistently weak performance of these items across study samples. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed with two samples, one new and one previously reported, to compare original and revised scales. Results showed that substantially improved construct measurement is achievable with relatively modest scale revisions.
The big five of personality and work involvement

The relationship between the big five of personality and work involvement was investigated in a questionnaire study with a sample of 279 white‐collar workers, who were employed on a full‐time basis in clerical, administrative and managerial positions. Hypotheses were tested by means of hierarchical regressions that controlled for the effects of demographics and human capital. Scores on agreeableness were negatively related to scores on work involvement and to total hours worked per week; and the extroversion × openness interaction made a positive contribution to scores on work involvement. Overall, the findings suggest the existence of an, albeit not strong or extensive, relationship between the big five of personality and work involvement. The limitations of the study and its implications for practice are discussed.
Identifying low‐progress readers: Comparing teacher judgment with a curriculum‐based measurement procedure

Identifying low‐progress readers easily and quickly is an essential prerequisite for effective literacy intervention in schools. In this study, teacher judgment of reading performance is compared with a curriculum‐based measurement procedure. This study involved 33 teachers and their Year 3 to Year 5 classes. Twelve students were randomly selected from each class and their teachers were asked to rank them based on their judgments of student reading performance. All students were also assessed on a Passage Reading Test (PRT) based on the principles of curriculum‐based measurement. The obtained oral reading fluency measures for the students were ranked for each class and compared with teacher judgment rankings. The results indicated that only one‐half of the teachers identified the same poorest reader as did the curriculum‐based PRT. Moreover, only 15% of the teachers identified the same 3 lowest performing readers as the PRT. These findings suggest that over‐reliance on teacher judgment for identifying low‐progress readers may be misplaced and that curriculum‐based PRTs may provide a more objective and quick alternative procedure.
Bayesian Backprop in Action: Pruning, Committees, Error Bars and an Application to Spectroscopy

MacKay's Bayesian framework for backpropagation is conceptually appealing as well as practical. It automatically adjusts the weight decay parameters during training, and computes the evidence for each trained network. The evidence is proportional to our belief in the model. The networks with highest evidence turn out to generalise well. In this paper, the framework is extended to pruned nets, leading to an Ockham Factor for "tuning the architecture to the data". A committee of networks, selected by their high evidence, is a natural Bayesian construction. The evidence of a committee is computed. The framework is illustrated on real-world data from a near infrared spectrometer used to determine the fat content in minced meat. Error bars are computed, including the contribution from the dissent of the committee members.
Dangerous encounters? Boys' peer dynamics and neighbourhood risk

This article traces links between subjectivity, peer relations and neighbourhood risk for a group of boys living in an area of London with high levels of crime, gang activity and socio-economic inequality. Drawing on data from a qualitative study of young people and neighbourhood risk, we use a psycho-social approach to analyse how gendered subjectivities are shaped by the specific social context. We found that tough masculinities were performed by boys across different social arenas of school, neighbourhood and in the context of a weekly research group. But the boys were also troubled by these masculinities, and their own engagement in data analysis illuminated some of their fears. While the tough masculine ideal is revealed often to be a masquerade, it nevertheless exerts a powerful and pernicious influence over the subjectivities of young men trying to navigate safely through a context of everyday risks.
Surveying emotional prosody in the brain

Research has long supported a pivotal right hemisphere contribution to the decoding of emotional prosody, although a broader network of cortical and subcortical structures is now thought to support different components of this functional system during input processing. This paper highlights important work implicating the basal ganglia in emotional prosody decoding, especially in reinforcing key affective stimulus properties necessary for higher-order interpretative processes. The role of the right hemisphere in elaborating emotional-prosodic stimuli is then considered in reference to presumed ‘functional’ and ‘auditory-perceptual’ capacities of constituent regions. A broader description of the right hemisphere’s jurisdiction in social-emotive behaviour is advocated to advance future work in this area, and a new paradigm to tap on-line comprehension of emotional prosody in clinical populations is described.
The rules of the game: women and the leaderist turn in higher education

This paper engages with Diana Leonard's writing on how gender is constituted in the academy. It offers an international review of feminist knowledge on how gender and power interact with leadership in higher education. It interrogates the ‘leaderist turn’ or how leadership has developed into a popular descriptor and a dominant social and organisational technology in academia. It considers some of the explanatory frameworks that have been marshalled to analyse women's leadership aspirations and absences. In doing so, it attempts to unmask the ‘rules of the game’ that lurk beneath the surface rationality of academic meritocracy. It also poses questions about the relentless misrecognition of women's leadership capacities and suggests the need for an expanded lexicon of leadership with which to move into the university of the future.
Multicolour Discrepancies

In this article we introduce combinatorial multicolour discrepancies and generalize several classical results from $2$-colour discrepancy theory to $c$ colours ($c \geq 2$). We give a recursive method that constructs $c$-colourings from approximations of $2$-colour discrepancies. This method works for a large class of theorems, such as the ‘six standard deviations’ theorem of Spencer (1985), the Beck–Fiala (1981) theorem, the results of Matoušek, Wernisch and Welzl (1994) and Matoušek (1995) for bounded VC-dimension, and Matoušek and Spencer's (1996) upper bound for the arithmetic progressions. In particular, the $c$-colour discrepancy of an arbitrary hypergraph ($n$ vertices, $m$ hyperedges) is \[ \OO\Bigl(\sqrt{\tfrac n c\,\log m}\Bigr). \] If $m = \OO(n)$, then this bound improves to \[ \OO\Bigl(\sqrt{\tfrac n c\,\log c}\Bigr). \] On the other hand there are examples showing that discrepancy in $c$ colours can not be bounded in terms of two-colour discrepancies in general, even if $c$ is a power of 2. For the linear discrepancy version of the Beck–Fiala theorem, the recursive approach also fails. Here we extend the method of floating colours via tensor products of matrices to multicolourings, and prove multicolour versions of the Beck–Fiala theorem and the Bárány–Grinberg theorem. Using properties of the tensor product we derive a lower bound for the $c$-colour discrepancy of general hypergraphs. For the hypergraph of arithmetic progressions in $\{1, \ldots, n\}$ this yields a lower bound of $\frac{1}{25 \sqrt c} \sqrt[4]{n}$ for the discrepancy in $c$ colours. The recursive method shows an upper bound of $\OO(c^{-0.16} \sqrt[4]{n})$
Comparison of continuously infused 5‐fluorouracil with bolus injection in treatment of patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma

In a randomized series of 70 patients with with colo rectal adenocarcinoma, a comparison of systemic 5‐fluorouracil chemotherapy administered as a continuous 120‐hours infusion vs. intravenous bolus injection daily for 5 days demonstrated superiority of prolonged intravenous infusion. The most striking advantage of prolonged infusion of 5‐FU was the absence of myelotoxicity. Fifteen of the 34 patients treated with infusion and 8 of the 36 patients treated by bolus injection developed objective tumor responses. The difference in response rate at least in part is explainable by unequal distribution of patients with different characteristics between the two treatment groups.
Recombinant Measles Viruses Expressing Altered Hemagglutinin (H) Genes: Functional Separation of Mutations Determining H Antibody Escape from Neurovirulence

ABSTRACT Measles virus (MV) strain CAM/RB, which was adapted to growth in the brain of newborn rodents, is highly neurovirulent. It has been reported earlier that experimentally selected virus variants escaping from the monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) Nc32 and L77 to hemagglutinin (H) preserved their neurovirulence, whereas mutants escaping MAbs K71 and K29 were found to be strongly attenuated (U. G. Liebert et al., J. Virol. 68:1486–1493, 1994). To investigate the molecular basis of these findings, we have generated a panel of recombinant MVs expressing the H protein from CAM/RB and introduced the amino acid substitutions thought to be responsible for antibody escape and/or neurovirulence. Using these recombinant viruses, we identified the amino acid changes conferring escape from the MAbs L77 (377R→Q and 378M→K), Nc32 (388G→S), K71 (492E→K and 550S→P), and K29 (535E→G). When the corresponding recombinant viruses were tested in brains of newborn rodents, we found that the mutations mediating antibody escape did not confer differential neurovirulence. In contrast, however, replacement of two different amino acids, at positions 195G→R and 200S→N, which had been described for the escape mutant set, caused the change in neurovirulence. Thus, antibody escape and neurovirulence appear not to be associated with the same structural alterations of the MV H protein.