Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
System-on-chip test scheduling with reconfigurable core wrappers

The problem with increasing test application time for testing core-based system-on-chip (SOC) designs is addressed with test architecture design and test scheduling. The scan-chains at each core are configured into a set of wrapper-chains, which by a core wrapper are connected to the test access mechanism (TAM), and the tests are scheduled in such a way that the test time is minimized. In this paper, we make use of reconfigurable core wrappers that, in contrast to standard wrappers, can dynamically change (reconfigure) the number of wrapper-chains during test application. We show that by using reconfigurable wrappers the test scheduling problem is equivalent to independent job scheduling on identical machines, and we make use of an existing preemptive scheduling algorithm that produces an optimal solution in linear time (O(n); n is the number of tests). We also show that the problem can be solved without preemption, and we extend the algorithm to handle: 1) test conflicts due to interconnection tests and 2) cases when the test time of a core limits an optimal usage of the TAM. The overhead in logic is given by the number of configurations, and we show that the upper-bound is three configurations per core. We compare the proposed approach with the existing technique and show, in comparison, that our technique is 2% less from lower bound.
The First Parish Placement: Stayers and Movers

This study was intended to identify a minimum time period for a worthwhile stay by a minister in his first parish and to help clarify factors which affect a decision to remain or to move. The total population consisted of 122 Missouri Synod Lutheran seminary graduates assigned in 1963 and 1964 to town and country parishes, 57 of whom were movers and 65 stayers after an initial 3? 2 year period. Questionnaires were sent to the ministers and to their respective district presidents. Both stayers and movers gained similar degrees of benefit during the minimum time period, but stayers seemed to provide more benefits for their people within the same period. Factors involved in the decision to stay or move were readily categorized into six areas (professional competence, personal development, personal interests, identification and fulfillment of the needs of the people, response of the people, and personal welfare). The customary practice in an individual career pattern has been to start on a lower rung of the ladder of experience and responsibility and then to advance to other levels of increased responsibility and higher status. This seems to have been the ordinary procedure in the ministry as well as in other professions. A seminary graduate may begin his service in a small congregation and, after having matured and become more experienced in the numerous professional skills and interpersonal relationships, he is likely to be called to a larger parish with its greater demands for professional and personal competence. What prompts a minister to leave one parish for nother, or, for that matter, to decide to remain where he is if given a choice to leave or remain? In investigating reasons given by ministers in connection with heir decision to leave a pastorate or, in some cases, the ministry itself, Mills (1969:13-15) identified ten themes: longange plan, attractive job, inability to relocate, church conflicts, restl ssness, a sense of hopelessness, acute marital crisis, acute family needs, health br akdown, and need for a moratorium. In his survey of a sampling of clergy of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod in 1959, Scherer (1963:12) categorized
The Intention-Behavior Relationship Among U.S. and Swedish Voters

The intention-behavior relationship is analyzed with data from 10 U.S. and seven Swedish national election surveys. As expected from Fishbein's theory of reasoned action, the level of consistency between intention and behavior is very high in both nations. Among those whose intention is not compatible with their self-identity and their prior behavior, however, the intention-behavior relationship weakens considerably
J ul 2 01 7 On User Pairing in NOMA Uplink

User pairing in Non-Orthogonal Multiple-Access (NOMA) uplink based on channel state information is investigated considering some predefined power allocation schemes. The base station divides the set of users into disjunct pairs and assigns the available resources to these pairs. The combinatorial problem of user pairing to achieve the maximum sum rate is analyzed in the large system limit for various scenarios, and some optimum and sub-optimum algorithms with a polynomial-time complexity are proposed. In the first scenario, 2M users and the base station have a single-antenna and communicate over M subcarriers. The performance of optimum pairing is derived for M → ∞ and shown to be superior to random pairing and orthogonal multiple access techniques. In the second setting, a novel NOMA scheme for a multi-antenna base station and single carrier communication is proposed. In this case, the users need not be aware of the pairing strategy. Furthermore, the proposed NOMA scheme is generalized to multi-antenna users. It is shown that random and optimum user pairing perform similarly in the large system limit, but optimum pairing is significantly better in finite dimensions. It is shown that the proposed NOMA scheme outperforms a previously proposed NOMA scheme with signal alignment.
Influence of dietary sodium bicarbonate on the potassium metabolism of growing dairy calves.

We evaluated the influence of supplemental dietary NaHCO3 on K metabolism of young dairy calves. Thirty-two Holstein and Jersey male and female calves were blocked at 56 to 70 d after birth according to breed, sex, and age and assigned randomly to a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments for 8 wk: . 4% K with 0% NaHCO3, . 4% K with 2% NaHCO3, . 6% K with 0% NaHCO3, and . 6% K with 2% NaHCO3. Feed intake was not affected by dietary KCl or NaHCO3 supplementation, but average daily gain increased with increased K and tended to be reduced by dietary NaHCO3. Plasma K was elevated by increased dietary K but generally was unaffected by NaHCO3. Urinary Ca excretion appeared to be reduced by NaHCO3; urine pH increased with supplemental NaHCO3. Results indicate 1) the K requirement of the growing calf is between . 40 and . 55% of diet DM, 2) because urinary K excretion was elevated by dietary NaHCO3, the K requirement may be increased when the diet is supplemented with NaHCO3, and 3) average daily gain and plasma K are sensitive indicators of dietary K in the growing calf.
Inferences on ultralow‐velocity zone structure from a global analysis of SPdKS waves

[1] Anomalous boundary layer structure at the core-mantle boundary (CMB) is investigated using a global set of broadband SKS and SPdKS waves from permanent and portable broadband seismometer arrays. SPdKS is an SKS wave that intersects the CMB at the critical angle for ScP, thus initiating a diffracted P wave (Pdiff) along the CMB at the core entry and exit locations. The waveshape and timing of SPdKS data are analyzed relative to SKS, with some SPdKS data showing significant delays and broadening. Broadband data from several hundred deep focus earthquakes were analyzed; retaining data with simple sources and high signal-to-noise ratios resulted in 53 high-quality earthquakes. For each earthquake an empirical source was constructed by stacking pre-SPdKS distance range SKS pulses (∼90°–100°). These were utilized in our synthetic modeling process, whereby reflectivity synthetic seismograms are produced for three classes of models: (1) mantle-side ultralow-velocity zones (UVLZ), (2) underside CMB core rigidity zones, and (3) core-mantle transition zones. For ULVZ structures, ratios of P-to-S velocity reductions of 1:1 and 1:3 are explored, where 1:3 is appropriate for a partial melt origin of ULVZ. Over 330 unique CMB boundary layer models have been constructed and tested, corroborating previous work suggesting strong trade-offs between the three model spaces. We produce maps of inferred boundary layer structure from the global data and find evidence for extremely fine-scale heterogeneity where our wave path sampling is the densest. While uncertainties are present relating to the source versus receiver sides of the SPdKS wave path geometry, our data are consistent with the hypothesis that ULVZ presence (or absence) correlates with reduced (or average) heterogeneity in the overlying mantle.
Are international differences in the outcomes of acute coronary syndromes apparent or real? A multilevel analysis

Study objective: International variation in the outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) has been well reported. The relative contributions of patient, hospital, and country level factors on clinical outcomes, however, remain unclear, and thus, was the objective of this study. Design: Multilevel logistic regression models were developed for death/(re)infarction (MI) at 30 days and death in one year, with patients (1st level) nested in hospitals (2nd level) and hospitals in countries (3rd level). Settings: The GUSTO IV ACS clinical trial was carried out at 458 hospital sites in 24 countries. Patients: 7800 non-ST segment elevation (NSTE) ACS patients. Main results: There were substantial variations among countries in the processes and outcomes of care at 30 days, ranging from 5.4% to 50.0% for percutaneous coronary intervention, 4.3% to 21.2% for coronary artery bypass graft surgery, 5.0% to 13.9% for 30 day death/(re)MI, and 4.9% to 14.8% for one year mortality. However, the residual inter-country variations in 30 day death/(re)MI and one year mortality became non-significant and nearly disappeared (p>0.500 for both) after adjusting for key baseline patient characteristics and hospital factors, which became significant (p<0.01 for both). Patient level factors accounted for 96%–99% of total variation in these end points, leaving the remaining 1% and 4% of variance attributable to hospital level factors. Conclusion: The international differences in clinical outcomes in this study of NSTE ACS are primarily accounted for by the patient level factors, with hospital level factors playing a minor part, and the country level factors a negligible one. These findings have significant policy and research implications involving international collaboration and comparisons.
High Shikimate Production from Quinate with Two Enzymatic Systems of Acetic Acid Bacteria

3-Dehydroshikimate was formed with a yield of 57–77% from quinate via 3-dehydroquinate by two successive enzyme reactions, quinoprotein quinate dehydrogenase (QDH) and 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase, in the cytoplasmic membranes of acetic acid bacteria. 3-Dehydroshikimate was then reduced to shikimate (SKA) with NADP-dependent SKA dehydrogenase (SKDH) from the same organism. When SKDH was coupled with NADP-dependent D-glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) in the presence of excess D-glucose as an NADPH re-generating system, SKDH continued to produce SKA until 3-dehydroshikimate added initially in the reaction mixture was completely converted to SKA. Based on the data presented, a strategy for high SKA production was proposed.
Is HTTP/2 really faster than HTTP/1.1?

HTTP/2 is the next generation of the HTTP protocol, and as such, it is supposed to solve past issues and to bring improved performances. Through thorough experiments, we try to bring reliable figures on this new version of the protocol. To do this, we adopt a methodological approach, taking newly introduced features into consideration: compression, multiplexing, server push and priority. Previous studies have shown the SPDY protocol to behave worse than HTTP on cellular networks. Similarly, in this paper, we highlight that HTTP/2 is negatively impacted by packet loss which is characteristic of cellular networks. We also experimented on server push and priority to understand their behavior. Because these mechanisms leave a lot of freedom to implementers, they have high potential; and right now they are under-exploited. Overall, we get practical information on how much one can gain by switching their services to HTTP/2.
Local Entrainment and Suppression of Low-Frequency Oscillations Deep Brain Stimulation of the Globus Pallidus Internus in the Parkinsonian Primate

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , October 1, 2007; 98 (4): 2232-2243. J Neurophysiol A. Nevet, G. Morris, G. Saban, D. Arkadir and H. Bergman Despite Overlap of Neural Responses Lack of Spike-Count and Spike-Time Correlations in the Substantia Nigra Reticulata [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , November 1, 2008; 100 (5): 2515-2524. J Neurophysiol Volkmann F. Steigerwald, M. Potter, J. Herzog, M. Pinsker, F. Kopper, H. Mehdorn, G. Deuschl and J. Nonparkinsonian State Neuronal Activity of the Human Subthalamic Nucleus in the Parkinsonian and [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , February 1, 2009; 101 (2): 789-802. J Neurophysiol M. Weinberger, W. D. Hutchison, A. M. Lozano, M. Hodaie and J. O. Dostrovsky Parkinson's Disease Patients Increased Gamma Oscillatory Activity in the Subthalamic Nucleus During Tremor in [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , April 1, 2009; 101 (4): 1941-1960. J Neurophysiol K. W. McCairn and R. S. Turner Local Entrainment and Suppression of Low-Frequency Oscillations Deep Brain Stimulation of the Globus Pallidus Internus in the Parkinsonian Primate: [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , April 8, 2009; 29 (14): 4571-4585. J. Neurosci. A. Sharott, C. K. E. Moll, G. Engler, M. Denker, S. Grun and A. K. Engel Oscillations Different Subtypes of Striatal Neurons Are Selectively Modulated by Cortical
Heart Rate Variability Responses in Vertical Jump Performance of Basketball Players

Our objectives were to investigate the acute responses of the heart rate variability (HRV) before, during and after the execution of different Vertical Jump (VJ) protocols and correlate the levels of sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation after the VJ execution with the performance variables in VJ. Eight male athletes (29±4.9 years; 186±8.6 cm; 24.8±2.1 kg.m-2; 12±1.2% body fat) of a team participating in the first division of the National Basketball League (NBL), from Brazil, were evaluated. For the HRV analysis, each subject was instructed to stand in a orthostatic position on the jump platform System Optical (Cefise®, Sao Paulo) for a period of 10 minutes of rest before (R1) and after the VJ executions (R2). Right after the R1 period, athletes performed 5VJ with five seconds intervals (total time ~ 30 seconds) between VJ (5VJ) and then underwent 60 seconds of maximum continuous VJ (60SVJ). The HRV were automatically transferred and analyzed by the softwares "Polar ProTrainer5™" (version 5.41.002., Kempele, Finland) and HRV analisys (version 2.1., Kuopio, Finland), respectively. The HFnu was used to represent the parasympathetic modulation, whereas LFnu represented the sympathetic modulation. The ratio LF:HF was used to represent the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic modulations. The one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Tukey test was used to compare differences in HRV during the execution of the experimental protocol. Linear regression and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used between the VJ performance variables (mean of 5VJ and 60SVJ, jumpsnumber and fatigue index) and the sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation LF:HF R2 (p< 0.05). The following comparisons of the HRV were found between the different protocols: 5VJ (LF 93.9±5.4 nu) versus R1 (LF 64.2±19.9 nu); 5VJ (HF 6.0±5,4 nu) versus R1 (HF 35.6±19,9 nu); 5VJ (LF:HF 40.1±37.4) versus R1 (LF:HF 2.6±1.9 nu) (p < 0.001); 60SVJ (LF:HF 8.3±13.8 ms²) versus 5VJ (LF:HF 40.1±7.7 ms²); R2 (LF:HF 6.5±5.7 ms²) versus 5VJ (LF:HF 40.1±7.7 ms²) (p < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between the average height of 5VJ with the sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation LF:HF R2 (r = 0.7942 , p = 0.01 ) and fatigue index 60SVJ with the sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation LF:HF R2 (r = 0.7206 , p = 0.04). It is concluded that the 5VJ test characterized by intermittent high intensity loads, showed high significant responses of sympathetic modulation (LF; LF:HF) compared to the 60SVJ protocol. The 5 min recovery was not sufficient for the onset of vagal tone (parasympathetic modulation), which was accompanied by higher fatigue index presented by basketball athletes.
Handover management in dense cellular networks: A stochastic geometry approach

Cellular operators are continuously densifying their networks to cope with the ever-increasing capacity demand. Furthermore, an extreme densification phase for cellular networks is foreseen to fulfill the ambitious fifth generation (5G) performance requirements. Network densification improves spectrum utilization and network capacity by shrinking base stations' (BSs) footprints and reusing the same spectrum more frequently over the spatial domain. However, network densification also increases the handover (HO) rate, which may diminish the capacity gains for mobile users due to HO delays. In highly dense 5G cellular networks, HO delays may neutralize or even negate the gains offered by network densification. In this paper, we present an analytical paradigm, based on stochastic geometry, to quantify the effect of HO delay on the average user rate in cellular networks. To this end, we propose a flexible handover scheme to reduce HO delay in case of highly dense cellular networks. This scheme allows skipping the HO procedure with some BSs along users' trajectories. The performance evaluation and testing of this scheme for only single HO skipping shows considerable gains in many practical scenarios.
Ionizing Photon Emission Rates from O- and Early B-Type Stars and Clusters

We present new computations of the ionizing spectral energy distributions (SEDs), and Lyman continuum (Lyc) and He I continuum photon emission rates, for hot O-type and early B-type stars. We consider solar-metallicity stars, with effective temperatures ranging from 25,000 to 55,000 K and surface gravities (cm s-2) log g ranging from 3 to 4, covering the full range of spectral types and luminosity classes for hot stars. We use our updated (WM-basic) code to construct radiation-driven wind atmosphere models for hot stars. Our models include the coupled effects of hydrodynamics and non-LTE radiative transfer in spherically outflowing winds, including the detailed effects of metal line blocking and line blanketing on the radiative transfer and energy balance. Our grid of model atmospheres is available on the World Wide Web. We incorporate our hot-star models into our population synthesis code (STARS), and we compute the time-dependent SEDs and resulting Lyc and He I emission rates for evolving star clusters. We present results for continuous and impulsive star formation for a range of assumed stellar initial mass functions.
Differential effects of prenatal testosterone on lateralization of handedness and language.

OBJECTIVE Handedness is the most noticeable functional expression of cerebral lateralization in humans. However, its developmental process and plasticity remain elusive. It has been postulated that prenatal testosterone (pT) has an effect on human lateralization development. In the present study we examined the relationship between pT and handedness and compared the outcome to previously published data on language lateralization in the same children. METHOD pT was assessed from amniotic fluid of healthy pregnant women using radioimmunoassay. Strength and direction of handedness of the children (n = 65 [31 girls, 34 boys], mean age [years]: 6.43, range: 5.97-7.53) was assessed based on hand choice during performance of age appropriate tasks. Regression procedures and the Olkin & Siotani Z-statistic were used. RESULTS Results demonstrate that higher pT exposure was related to a decrease in strength of handedness (R² = .11, p = .01). The analysis shows that pT has quite stronger explanatory power than sex by itself, although there may be an additional effect of sex independent from pT. In a subgroup of these children we recently reported that higher levels of pT are related to increased left hemisphere dominance for language. Analyses show that pT is differentially related to handedness and language lateralization in these children (Z > 2.75, p < .003). CONCLUSIONS Results imply a differential effect of pT on language lateralization and handedness. This may be explained by differential sensitivity of different areas of the corpus callosum or hemispheres for androgens, fuelling the ongoing debate about the relationship between prenatal exposure to testosterone and lateralization of brain and behavior.
Computer anxiety levels of Virginia Cooperative Extension field personnel

Vocational and Technical Education (ABSTRACT) Extension professionals must have easy access to and knowledge of emerging technologies to deliver programs more efficiently and effectively. With the increasing use of computer technology comes an increasing number of individuals who have computer anxiety. This study examined selected variables as predictors of computer anxiety. Data were collected from 402 Virginia Cooperative Extension field personnel. The personnel included Agricultural and Natural Resources agents, Family and Consumer Sciences agents, 4-H agents, technicians, and secretaries. A modified version of Oetting's 1983 Computer Anxiety Scale (COMPAS) was used to determine the computer anxiety levels. For this instrument, an internal consistency reliability of Cronbach's alpha r = . 95 resulted from this study. The survey results were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The overall mean score for the respondents to this study was 101.68, on a 200 point scale, which was interpreted using the COMPAS manual to iii indicate that only 20% of the Virginia Cooperative Extension personnel were " anxious " or " very anxious. " Regression analysis indicated that time per day using a computer, years with Extension, and age were the significant variables related to anxiety. Increased computer use reduced but did not entirely eliminate computer anxiety. A profile of a respondent who was relaxed about computer use included being age 20 to 29, a secretary, and using a computer more than two hours per day. A person anxious about computer use was middle aged (40 and over), a technician, and used the computer less than two hours per day. The results indicated that the more a respondent used the computer per day the less anxious they were. A large number of personnel used the computer to compile and produce educational material and to communicate with colleagues. The Virginia Cooperative Extension administration should direct their attention regarding computer training to respondents who are 40 years of age and older and are technicians. To reduce computer anxiety, personnel should be provided with in-service training emphasizing computer applications. Additional research could identify why technicians have higher levels of computer anxiety. Further study could identify other variables that may be related to computer anxiety. committee member, without whose support this project could not have been completed. First and foremost, I give thanks to my mother who supported me and endured so many hardships and sacrifices for this degree. Second, I want to remember the …