Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incoherent control and entanglement for two-dimensional coupled systems

We study a new approach to the control of a quantum system S, which uses the coupling of S with a quantum probe P. The external control affects only P, and the accessibility and controllability properties describe to what extent it is possible to drive the state of S by varying the initial state of P and using the interaction between the two systems. In particular, we study the case of two-dimensional system and probe. Two situations are considered: either the total system S + P is a closed one, or it is surrounded by a bath of decoupled harmonic oscillators. We give results on the controllability and accessibility properties of this scheme, and we discuss the relation of these properties with the entangling capability of the interaction between S and P. In particular, we show that the SWAP operator plays a special role.
Japanese Medaka: A Non-Mammalian Vertebrate Model for Studying Sex and Age-Related Bone Metabolism In Vivo

Background In human, a reduction in estrogen has been proposed as one of the key contributing factors for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Rodents are conventional models for studying postmenopausal osteoporosis, but the major limitation is that ovariectomy is needed to mimic the estrogen decline after menopause. Interestingly, in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes), we observed a natural drop in plasma estrogen profile in females during aging and abnormal spinal curvature was apparent in old fish, which are similar to postmenopausal women. It is hypothesized that estrogen associated disorders in bone metabolism might be predicted and prevented by estrogen supplement in aging O. latipes, which could be corresponding to postmenopausal osteoporosis in women. Principal findings In O. latipes, plasma estrogen was peaked at 8 months old and significantly declined after 10, 11 and 22 months in females. Spinal bone mineral density (BMD) and micro-architecture by microCT measurement progressively decreased and deteriorated from 8 to 10, 12 and 14 months old, which was more apparent in females than the male counterparts. After 10 months old, O. latipes were supplemented with 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2, a potent estrogen mimic) at 6 and 60 ng/mg fish weight/day for 4 weeks, both reduction in spinal BMD and deterioration in bone micro-architecture were significantly prevented. The estrogenic effect of EE2 in O. latipes was confirmed by significant up-regulation of four key estrogen responsive genes in the liver. In general, bone histomorphometric analyses indicated significantly lowered osteoblasts and osteoclasts numbers and surfaces on vertebrae of EE2-fed medaka. Significance We demonstrate osteoporosis development associated with natural drop in estrogen level during aging in female medaka, which could be attenuated by estrogen treatment. This small size fish is a unique alternative non-mammalian vertebrate model for studying estrogen-related molecular regulation in postmenopausal skeletal disorders in vivo without ovariectomy.
Modelling Temporal Information Using Discrete Fourier Transform for Video Classification

Recently, video classification attracts intensive research efforts. However, most existing works are based on framelevel visual features, which might fail to model the temporal information, e.g. characteristics accumulated along time. In order to capture video temporal information, we propose to analyse features in frequency domain transformed by discrete Fourier transform (DFT features). Frame-level features are firstly extract by a pre-trained deep convolutional neural network (CNN). Then, time domain features are transformed and interpolated into DFT features. CNN and DFT features are further encoded by using different pooling methods and fused for video classification. In this way, static image features extracted from a pre-trained deep CNN and temporal information represented by DFT features are jointly considered for video classification. We test our method for video emotion classification and action recognition. Experimental results demonstrate that combining DFT features can effectively capture temporal information and therefore improve the performance of both video emotion classification and action recognition. Our approach has achieved a state-of-the-art performance on the largest video emotion dataset (VideoEmotion-8 dataset) and competitive results on UCF-101.
The Paradox Role of Regulatory T Cells in Ischemic Stroke

The underlying mechanism of ischemic stroke is not completely known. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), a subset of T cells, play a pivotal role in the pathophysiological process of ischemic stroke. However, there is also controversy over the role of Tregs in stroke. Hence, the function of Tregs in ischemic stroke has triggered a heated discussion recently. In this paper, we reviewed the current lines of evidence to describe the full view of Tregs in stroke. We would like to introduce the basic concepts of Tregs and then discuss their paradox function in ischemic stroke. On one side, Tregs could protect brain against ischemic injury via modulating the inflammation process. On the other side, they exaggerated the insult by causing microvascular dysfunction. They also interfered with the neurological function recovery. In addition, the reasons for this paradox role would be discussed in the review and the prospective of the clinical application of Tregs was also included. In conclusion, Tregs contributed to the outcome of ischemic stroke, while more lines of evidence are needed to understand how Tregs regulate the immune system and influence the outcome of stroke.
Impact: Stanford University's Economic Impact via Innovation and Entrepreneurship

This report focuses on data gathered from a large-scale, systematic survey of Stanford alumni, faculty and selected staff in 2011 to assess the universityâ€™s economic impact based on its involvement in entrepreneurship. The report describes Stanfordâ€™s role in fostering entrepreneurship, discusses how the Stanford environment encourages creativity and entrepreneurship and details best practices for creating an entrepreneurial ecosystem. The report on the 2011 survey, estimates that 39,900 active companies can trace their roots to Stanford. If these companies collectively formed an independent nation, its estimated economy would be the worldâ€™s 10th largest. Extrapolating from survey results, those companies have created an estimated 5.4 million jobs and generate annual world revenues of $2.7 trillion.
Satellite kinematics – II. The halo mass–luminosity relation of central galaxies in SDSS

The kinematics of satellite galaxies reflect the masses of the extended dark matter haloes in which they orbit, and thus shed light on the mass-luminosity relation (MLR) of their corresponding central galaxies. In this paper, we select a large sample of centrals and satellites from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and measure the kinematics (velocity dispersions) of the satellite galaxies as a function of the r-band luminosity of the central galaxies. Using the analytical framework presented in More, van den Bosch & Cacciato, we use these data to infer both the mean and the scatter of the MLR of central galaxies, carefully taking account of selection effects and biases introduced by the stacking procedure. As expected, brighter centrals on average reside in more massive haloes. In addition, we find that the scatter in halo masses for centrals of a given luminosity, sigma(log) (M), also increases with increasing luminosity. As we demonstrate, this is consistent with sigma(log L), which reflects the scatter in the conditional probability function P(L(c)|M), being independent of halo mass. Our analysis of the satellite kinematics yields sigma(log L) = 0.16 +/- 0.04, in excellent agreement with constraints from clustering and group catalogues, and with predictions from a semi- analytical model of galaxy formation. We thus conclude that the amount of stochasticity in galaxy formation, which is characterized by sigma(log L) , is well constrained, independent of halo mass and in a good agreement with current models of galaxy formation.
Accelerated Stokesian Dynamics simulations

A new implementation of the conventional Stokesian Dynamics (SD) algorithm, called accelerated Stokesian Dynamics (ASD), is presented. The equations governing the motion of N particles suspended in a viscous fluid at low particle Reynolds number are solved accurately and efficiently, including all hydrodynamic interactions, but with a significantly lower computational cost of O(N lnN). The main differences from the conventional SD method lie in the calculation of the many-body longrange interactions, where the Ewald-summed wave-space contribution is calculated as a Fourier transform sum and in the iterative inversion of the now sparse resistance matrix. The new method is applied to problems in the rheology of both structured and random suspensions, and accurate results are obtained with much larger numbers of particles. With access to larger N, the high-frequency dynamic viscosities and short-time self-diffusivities of random suspensions for volume fractions above the freezing point are now studied. The ASD method opens up an entire new class of suspension problems that can be investigated, including particles of non-spherical shape and a distribution of sizes, and the method can readily be extended to other low-Reynolds-number-flow problems.
Cultural Competence in School Social Work: A Personal and Professional Learning Curve

As the nation grows more diverse and the numbers of American youth with mental illness climb, the importance of culturally responsive school social work practice is critical. Research suggests cultural competence is a fluid concept but one that improves service and client outcomes. Studies link cultural competence to licensure levels and practice experience, as well as primary social work competencies. Studies also indicate practitioners consider professional development and a supportive school environment to aid in cultural competency efforts, while societal influences and personal lack of knowledge and self-awareness can impede the process. This study obtained primary data from a purposive sample (n = 7) of licensed school social workers in an urban school district. A semi-structured interview afforded quantitative and qualitative data regarding demographics and perceptions on knowledge, skills, influences, and evaluative measures deemed relevant to cultural competence. The findings echo previous research that suggests cultural competence involves adopting key social work principles and therapeutic skills in the aim to meet individual client needs, rather than those assumed to belong to an overt cultural group. Supports were seen as generally stemming from more immediate factors, while barriers were seen as stemming from larger, more removed influences; this also supports previous research. This study suggests social workers’ abilities to model cultural responsiveness and a willingness to assess their own competencies in diverse ways are important practice components. It also highlights the need for more balanced, behaviorally based cultural competency measures. Future research to explore clients’ perspectives of practitioners’ cultural competence and relevant case studies is recommended. While this study’s qualitative nature allowed for personal insight and experiences, it remains highly exploratory. CULTURAL COMPETENCE IN SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK ii
Child Culture - Play Culture

The concept Childrens Culture refers to two different types of cultural manifestation. 1. The cultural products made for children mainly by adults in different classical and medias, such as childrens literature, toys, TV and computergames. 2. Childrens oral culture and play culture produced and performed by children and transmitted within the frames of a special type of social network. This culture includes aesthetic expressions such as games, tales, songs and a variety of other activities which play an important role in childrens lives and development. The paper describes these two types of child culture and their interplay and has its focus in outlining the field and establishing a framework for the understanding of play culture, childrens lore and other symbolic aesthetic forms of expression. Child Culture Play Culture
The influence of the entrepreneur’s background on the behaviour and development of born globals’ internationalisation processes

While much of the research on small firm internationalisation has concentrated on export strategies, little attention has been paid to understanding the process and conditions under which the entrepreneur identifies and exploits an opportunity. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between the entrepreneur’s prior life story and the development and behaviour of his or her born global firm. Six years of intense qualitative field research, including 108 interviews from three entrepreneurial ‘born global’ firms are compared and contrasted within our theoretical framework. In this study empirical evidence suggests that a person’s childhood and prior life story directly influences the behaviour of the entrepreneur. We propose that different types of entrepreneurs are important factors to understand firms’ different internationalisation patterns. Depending on the backgrounds of the entrepreneurs, they developed preferences, skills, and especially desires that will affect the total behaviour of their future organisations.
Pertechnegas lung clearance in different forms of interstitial lung disease

Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are characterized by an acute or chronic inflammation of the alveolar capillary membrane, which affects the permeability of this membrane. A possible way to measure the permeability of the membrane is by radionuclide aerosol imaging. Pertechnegas, a gas composed of technetium-labelled carbon particles, has recently been proposed as a new ventilation agent to measure this lung clearance. The clearance by pertechnegas in the four most common forms of ILD (eight patients with connective tissue disease, 10 with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, nine with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and 10 with sarcoidosis) was measured and compared with 10 nonactive smoking controls. Because forced vital capacity (FVC), total lung capacity (TLC) and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity of the lung (DL,CO) are used in the assessment of functional severity of the ILD, the pertechnegas clearance was correlated with these lung-function indices. It was found that the time to half clearance of pertechnegas of the lung is significantly decreased in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (p<0.0001), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (p=0.0005) and connective tissue disease (p=0.002) but not in sarcoidosis when compared with 10 nonsmoking controls. A significant correlation is also found between time to half clearance and FVC (r=0.76; p<0.0001), TLC (r=0.63; p<0.0001) and DL,CO (r=0.75; p<0.0001) for all groups together. For all subjects as a group, the time to half clearance is shorter in the upper lung zones than in the lower zones (p<0.0001) and the ratio between both zones is not significantly different between the different types of disease. These results indicate that pertechnegas clearance is increased in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, hypersensitivity pneumonitis and connective tissue disease, but not in sarcoidosis and is related to the functional severity of the disease.
The Issue of Statistical Power for Overall Model Fit in Evaluating Structural Equation Models: Examples from Industrial-Organizational Psychology Research

Statistical power is an important concept for psychological research. However, examining the power of a structural equation model (SEM) is rare in practice. This article provides an accessible review of the concept of statistical power for the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) index of overall model fit in structural equation modeling. By way of example, we examine the current state of power in the literature by reviewing studies in top Industrial-Organizational (I/O) Psychology journals using SEMs. Results indicate that in many studies, power is very low, which implies acceptance of invalid models. Additionally, we examined methodological situations which may have an influence on statistical power of SEMs. Results showed that power varies significantly as a function of model type and whether or not the model is the main model for the study. Finally, results indicated that power is significantly related to model fit statistics used in evaluating SEMs. The results from this quantitative review imply that researchers should be more vigilant with respect to power in structural equation modeling. We therefore conclude by offering methodological best practices to increase confidence in the interpretation of structural equation modeling results with respect to statistical power issues.
Blocking Transferability of Adversarial Examples in Black-Box Learning Systems

Advances in Machine Learning (ML) have led to its adoption as an integral component in many applications, including banking, medical diagnosis, and driverless cars. To further broaden the use of ML models, cloud-based services offered by Microsoft, Amazon, Google, and others have developed ML-as-a-service tools as black-box systems. However, ML classifiers are vulnerable to adversarial examples: inputs that are maliciously modified can cause the classifier to provide adversary-desired outputs. Moreover, it is known that adversarial examples generated on one classifier are likely to cause another classifier to make the same mistake, even if the classifiers have different architectures or are trained on disjoint datasets. This property, which is known as transferability, opens up the possibility of attacking black-box systems by generating adversarial examples on a substitute classifier and transferring the examples to the target classifier. Therefore, the key to protect black-box learning systems against the adversarial examples is to block their transferability. To this end, we propose a training method that, as the input is more perturbed, the classifier smoothly outputs lower confidence on the original label and instead predicts that the input is "invalid". In essence, we augment the output class set with a NULL label and train the classifier to reject the adversarial examples by classifying them as NULL. In experiments, we apply a wide range of attacks based on adversarial examples on the black-box systems. We show that a classifier trained with the proposed method effectively resists against the adversarial examples, while maintaining the accuracy on clean data.
The influence of leisure and travel experiences on the school enjoyment of adolescents: a panel analysis

ABSTRACT This research note examines the influence of experiential activities and family travel experiences on the school enjoyment of adolescents by applying a panel regression analysis. The authors used data from the Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) for data analysis and performed a one-way fixed effect regression and a feasible generalized least square (FGLS) regression analyses. The findings reveal that 1) higher levels of satisfaction in experiential activities could enable adolescents to better enjoy their school lives and 2) the frequency of family and group trips had a positive impact on adolescents’ school enjoyment. However, the frequency of experiential activities was negatively associated with adolescents’ school enjoyment. This research discusses the implications with regard to the influence of leisure and family travel experiences on the school enjoyment of adolescents based on the findings.
THE INITIAL STRUCTURAL LESION OF PENICILLIN ACTION IN BACILLUS MEGATERIUM

The effect of penicillin on the structure of Bacillus megaterium cells was followed in media with and without osmotic stabilization. In peptone without osmotic support the cells showed a distortion of the normal membrane-wall relationship by 20 minutes. This appeared to be a combination of both membrane distortion and cytoplasmic leakage. Lytic changes quickly followed. With osmotic support a clean-cut lesion at the transverse-septal site developed by 10 minutes' growth in penicillin. The membrane lost its normal relationship to the cell wall and formed a pocket which was filled with a fibrous material which appeared to be unorganized wall mucopeptide. The pocket of fibers enlarged until the cell either lysed or formed a protoplast.
International Monetary Policy Transmission

In this paper we investigate how monetary policy in advanced economies affects financial conditions in emerging market economies (EMEs). We find evidence for the working of several international transmission channels. In particular, advanced economy monetary policy, as proxied by US monetary conditions, seems to drive EME policy rates beyond what domestic factors would suggest. Furthermore, US long-term interest rates also affect EME long-term interest rates significantly. Finally, our results suggest that while the impact of US monetary policy has weakened, the co-movement of long-term rates became stronger after the financial crisis in 2008.Full publication: The Transmission of Unconventional Monetary Policy to the Emerging Markets
The validity of a sore throat score in family practice.

BACKGROUND Reducing the number of antibiotic prescriptions given for common respiratory infections has been recommended as a way to limit bacterial resistance. This study assessed the validity of a previously published clinical score for the management of infections of the upper respiratory tract accompanied by sore throat. The study also examined the potential impact of this clinical score on the prescribing of antibiotics in community-based family practice. METHODS A total of 97 family physicians in 49 Ontario communities assessed 621 children and adults with a new infection of the upper respiratory tract accompanied by sore throat and recorded their prescribing decisions. A throat swab was obtained for culture. The sensitivity and specificity of the score approach in this population were compared with previously published results for patients seen at an academic family medicine centre. In addition, physicians' prescribing practices and their recommendations for obtaining throat swabs were compared with score-based recommendations. RESULTS Of the 621 cases of new upper respiratory tract infection and sore throat, information about prescriptions given was available for only 619; physicians prescribed antibiotics in 173 (27.9%) of these cases. Of the 173 prescriptions, 109 (63.0%) were given to patients with culture-negative results for group A Streptococcus. Using the score to determine management would have reduced prescriptions to culture-negative patients by 63.7% and overall antibiotic prescriptions by 52.3% (both p < 0.01). Culturing of throat samples would have been reduced by 35.8% (p < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the sensitivity or specificity of the score approach between this community-based population (sensitivity 85.0%, specificity 92.1%) and an academic family medicine centre (sensitivity 83.1%, specificity 94.3%). INTERPRETATION An explicit clinical score approach to the management of patients presenting with an upper respiratory tract infection and sore throat is valid in community-based family practice and could substantially reduce the unnecessary prescribing of antibiotics for these conditions.