Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dealing with the Demands: Strategies Healthcare Communication Professionals Use to Cope with Workplace Stress

This study examines how healthcare communication professionals (HCPs) cope with workplace stress while working in an inherently stressful industry. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 HCPs (14 females, 3 males) from seven nonprofit and for-profit hospitals in the midwestern and eastern regions of the United States. Communication positions held by participants included marketing, media/community relations, public information, public relations, corporate communication, and social media. Interviews revealed HCPs use four strategies to cope with workplace stress: prioritizing, seeking colleague support, keeping perspective, and being active. HCPs primarily relied on employee-centered coping strategies, even though all sources of stress were organizationally-based (i.e., workload, lack of resources, client confidentiality). The majority of HCPs emphasized the benefits of using problem-centered (i.e., prioritizing) and emotion-centered (i.e., seeking colleague support) coping strategies. Although mentioned less often, HCPs utilized more avoidance-centered coping strategies (i.e., keeping perspective, being active). More importantly, they highlighted the benefits of using avoidance-centered strategies to help them mentally and physically disengage from workplace stress. Hospital administration should reassess if, and how, they help HCPs effectively cope with workplace stress (i.e., outlets, programs, professional development opportunities) in order to improve the well-being of HCPs and increase the likelihood of organizational success.
Strong Evidence for Pattern Separation in Human Dentate Gyrus

The hippocampus is proposed to be critical in distinguishing between similar experiences by performing pattern separation computations that create orthogonalized representations for related episodes. Previous neuroimaging studies have provided indirect evidence that the dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 hippocampal subregions support pattern separation by inferring the nature of underlying representations from the observation of novelty signals. Here, we use ultra-high-resolution fMRI at 7 T and multivariate pattern analysis to provide compelling evidence that the DG subregion specifically sustains representations of similar scenes that are less overlapping than in other hippocampal (e.g., CA3) and medial temporal lobe regions (e.g., entorhinal cortex). Further, we provide evidence that novelty signals within the DG are stimulus specific rather than generic in nature. Our study, in providing a mechanistic link between novelty signals and the underlying representations, constitutes the first demonstration that the human DG performs pattern separation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A fundamental property of an episodic memory system is the ability to minimize interference between similar episodes. The dentate gyrus (DG) subregion of the hippocampus is widely viewed to realize this function through a computation referred to as pattern separation, which creates distinct nonoverlapping neural codes for individual events. Here, we leveraged 7 T fMRI to test the hypothesis that this region supports pattern separation. Our results demonstrate that the DG supports representations of similar scenes that are less overlapping than those in neighboring subregions. The current study therefore is the first to offer compelling evidence that the human DG supports pattern separation by obtaining critical empirical data at the representational level: the level where this computation is defined.
An experience using a spatial hypertext Wiki

Most wikis do not allow users to collaboratively organize relations among wiki pages, nor ways to visualize them because such relations are hard to express using hyperlinks. The Spatial Hypertext Wiki (ShyWiki) is a wiki that uses Spatial Hypertext to represent visual and spatial implicit relations. This paper reports an experience about the use of ShyWiki features and its spatial hypertext model. Four groups, consisting of 3 members each, were asked to use ShyWiki for creating, sharing and brainstorming knowledge during the design and documentation of a software architecture. We present the evaluation of a questionnaire that users answered about their perceived usefulness and easiness of use of the spatial and visual properties of ShyWiki, and several of its features. We have also asked the users if they would find the visual and spatial properties useful in a wiki such as Wikipedia. In addition, we have analyzed the visual and spatial structures used in the wiki pages, and which features have been used.
The Presidential-Economic Dance : Are “ New ” Economic Variables “ In Rhythm ” with Traditional Economic Indicators and Presidential Approval ?

This paper examines the relationship between the state of the economy and the popular approval of the president. Although inflation and unemployment should impact the population in the aggregate, it is unclear exactly why individuals should attribute blame to the president when inflation and/or unemployment are high. We hypothesize that while aggregate economic indicators are important determinants of presidential popularity, variables that have a more direct link or “personal” link to individuals will have the most influence. Therefore, individuals will condition their opinion of the president’s job performance primarily on these “personal” economic variables. While expanding upon the work of other scholars, our paper provides a new assessment of presidential approval from a macroeconomic perspective. In addition, our theory also suggests that fiscal variations and financial changes (measured through loan rates) will have a greater individual impact on consumer spending and thus will affect consumer opinions of the president’s job performance. We also consider non-economic variables such as partisanship and temporal variables (such as rallies) that may help explain and predict the dynamics of postwar presidential approval. We hypothesize that our improved measurement of macroeconomic performance, will improve the performance of our model, and our appropriate treatment of the dynamics of presidential popularity, will enable us to more accurately explain short-term and long-term trends in presidential approval. Additionally, our improved model should provide insight into the basis of the long “boom” periods of widespread presidential approval during the Eisenhower and Clinton administrations. An earlier version of this paper was first presented at the Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, Illinois, April 25-28, 2002. The authors would like to thank Joe BaFumi, Roger Carlsson, Michael Colaresci, Christina Corduneanu-Hucci, Tom Durkin, Susan Hammond, William Jacoby, Susan Johnson, Bill Keech, Stephen Weatherford, and John Williams for helpful comments and advice on this paper. The authors especially thank William Jacoby for his thoughtful comments, assistance with conversion of the data and last but not least, his advice and encouragement throughout the writing of this paper. The paper could not have been completed without his help! The analyses presented within this paper are based on presidential approval data compiled by George C. Edwards III and Alec M. Gallup (1990), and was supplemented by data archived in the Roper Polling Organization
Genome Sequence of Vibrio campbellii Strain UMTGB204, a Marine Bacterium Isolated from a Green Barrel Tunicate

ABSTRACT Vibrio campbellii strain UMTGB204 was isolated from a green barrel tunicate. The genome of this strain comprises 5,652,224 bp with 5,014 open reading frames, 9 rRNAs, and 116 tRNAs. It contains genes related to virulence and environmental tolerance. Gene clusters for the biosynthesis of nonribosomal peptides and bacteriocin were also identified.
Time to Get Out ? How Sentence Reductions Affect Recidivism After Prison

Does shorter incarceration promote successful reentry or lead to recidivism ? In this paper, I propose a new theory to reconcile these two competing views, which both have solid empirical and theoretical grounding. My reference-dependent model of criminal decision-making incorporates the concrete design of sentence reductions, in terms of timing, anticipation and adaptation by prisoners. The model has several testable implications, which are generally supported by the data. Exploiting a collective pardon in France in July 1996, I show that sentence reductions have very differential effects on prisoners’ propensity to reoffend, depending on their ability to anticipate the pardon and their capacity to adapt to the news before release, both psychologically and materially. Overall, these results suggest that sentence reductions may neither be good or bad per se in terms of recidivism, and that prisoners’ expectations and adaptation are key. JEL : K42
Efficient Genome Editing in Chicken DF-1 Cells Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System

In recent years, genome engineering technology has provided unprecedented opportunities for site-specific modification of biological genomes. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) 9 is one such means that can target a specific genome locus. It has been applied in human cells and many other organisms. Meanwhile, to efficiently enrich targeted cells, several surrogate systems have also been developed. However, very limited information exists on the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in chickens. In this study, we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 system to induce mutations in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), ATP synthase epsilon subunit (ATP5E), and ovalbumin (OVA) genes in chicken DF-1 cells. The results of T7E1 assays showed that the mutation rate at the three different loci was 0.75%, 0.5%, and 3.0%, respectively. In order to improve the mutation efficiency, we used the PuroR gene for efficient enrichment of genetically modified cells with the surrogate reporter system. The mutation rate, as assessed via the T7E1 assay, increased to 60.7%, 61.3%, and 47.3%, and subsequent sequence analysis showed that the mutation efficiency increased to 94.7%, 95%, and 95%, respectively. In addition, there were no detectable off-target mutations in three potential off-target sites using the T7E1 assay. As noted above, the CRISPR/Cas9 system is a robust tool for chicken genome editing.
Organization, Structure, and Variability of the rRNA Operon of the Whipple's Disease Bacterium (Tropheryma whippelii)

ABSTRACT Whipple's disease is a systemic disorder associated with a cultivation-resistant, poorly characterized actinomycete,Tropheryma whippelii. We determined a nearly complete rRNA operon sequence of T. whippelii from specimens from 3 patients with Whipple's disease, as well as partial operon sequences from 43 patients. Variability was observed in the 16S-23S rRNA spacer sequences, leading to the description of five distinct sequence types. One specimen contained two spacer sequence types, raising the possibility of a double infection. Secondary structure models for the primary rRNA transcript and mature rRNAs revealed rare or unique features.
Position tracking controller based on transformed equations of horizontal motion for a class of vehicles

This paper proposes an approach to the design of trajectory tracking controller for a class of vehicles, moving in the horizontal plane, that takes into account dynamical couplings in the inertia matrix. To this aim the equations of motion are transformed to the form which arises from the inertia matrix decomposition. The main feature of this approach is that the mechanical couplings are included in the control algorithm. It results from the fact that dynamics of the vehicle is taken into account in the velocity gain matrix. The stability of the designed control scheme is shown using the Lyapunov method. Effectiveness of the strategy is given via simulation on a 3-DOF hovercraft model.
Proangiogenic Effect of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Is Mediated by the Bradykinin B2 Receptor Pathway

Recent studies have suggested a proangiogenic effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. We hypothesized that such a proangiogenic effect of ACE inhibition may be mediated, in part, by bradykinin (BK) B2-receptor pathway. This study therefore examined the neovascularization induced by ACE inhibitor treatment in B2 receptor–deficient mice (B2−/−) in a model of surgically induced hindlimb ischemia. After artery femoral occlusion, wild-type and B2−/− mice were treated with or without ACE inhibitor (perindopril, 3 mg/kg/d) for 28 days. Angiogenesis was then quantitated by microangiography, capillary density measurement, and laser Doppler perfusion imaging. The protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were determined by Western blot. In wild-type animals, vessel density and capillary number in the ischemic leg were raised by 1.8- and 1.4-fold, respectively, in mice treated with ACE inhibitor when compared with the nontreated animals (P <0.01). This corresponded to an improved ischemic/nonischemic leg perfusion ratio by 1.5-fold in ACE inhibitor–treated animals when compared with the untreated ones (0.87±0.07 versus 0.59±0.05, respectively, P <0.01). Activation of the angiogenic process was also associated with a 1.7-fold increase in tissue eNOS protein level in mice treated with ACE inhibitor (P <0.05 versus control) but not with changes in VEGF protein level. Conversely, ACE inhibition did not affect vessel density, blood flow, and eNOS protein level in ischemic hindlimb of B2−/− mice. Therefore, proangiogenic effect of ACE inhibition is mediated by B2-receptor signaling and was associated with upregulation of eNOS content, independently of VEGF expression.
Design diagnosis using Boolean satisfiability

Recent advances in Boolean satisfiability have made it an attractive engine for solving many digital VLSI design problems such as verification, model checking, optimization and test generation. Fault diagnosis and logic debugging have not been addressed by existing satisfiability-based solutions. We attempt to bridge this gap by proposing a satisfiability-based solution to these problems. The proposed formulation is intuitive and easy to implement. It shows that satisfiability captures significant problem characteristics and it offers different trade-offs. It also provides new opportunities for satisfiability-based diagnosis tools and diagnosis-specific satisfiability algorithms. Theory and experiments validate the claims and demonstrate its potential.
RFID Tracking of Sublethal Effects of Two Neonicotinoid Insecticides on the Foraging Behavior of Apis mellifera

The development of insecticides requires valid risk assessment procedures to avoid causing harm to beneficial insects and especially to pollinators such as the honeybee Apis mellifera. In addition to testing according to current guidelines designed to detect bee mortality, tests are needed to determine possible sublethal effects interfering with the animal's vitality and behavioral performance. Several methods have been used to detect sublethal effects of different insecticides under laboratory conditions using olfactory conditioning. Furthermore, studies have been conducted on the influence insecticides have on foraging activity and homing ability which require time-consuming visual observation. We tested an experimental design using the radiofrequency identification (RFID) method to monitor the influence of sublethal doses of insecticides on individual honeybee foragers on an automated basis. With electronic readers positioned at the hive entrance and at an artificial food source, we obtained quantifiable data on honeybee foraging behavior. This enabled us to efficiently retrieve detailed information on flight parameters. We compared several groups of bees, fed simultaneously with different dosages of a tested substance. With this experimental approach we monitored the acute effects of sublethal doses of the neonicotinoids imidacloprid (0.15–6 ng/bee) and clothianidin (0.05–2 ng/bee) under field-like circumstances. At field-relevant doses for nectar and pollen no adverse effects were observed for either substance. Both substances led to a significant reduction of foraging activity and to longer foraging flights at doses of ≥0.5 ng/bee (clothianidin) and ≥1.5 ng/bee (imidacloprid) during the first three hours after treatment. This study demonstrates that the RFID-method is an effective way to record short-term alterations in foraging activity after insecticides have been administered once, orally, to individual bees. We contribute further information on the understanding of how honeybees are affected by sublethal doses of insecticides.
Global Gene Expression Profiling of Myeloid Immune Cell Subsets in Response to In Vitro Challenge with Porcine Circovirus 2b

Compelling evidence suggests that the early interaction between porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) and the innate immune system is the key event in the pathogenesis of Post-Weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS). Furthermore, PCV2 has been detected in bone-marrow samples, potentially enabling an easy spread and reservoir for the virus. To assess the gene-expression differences induced by an in-vitro PCV2b infection in different three different myeloid innate immune cell subsets generated from the same animal, we used the Agilent Porcine Gene Expression Microarray (V2). Alveolar macrophages (AMØs), monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) and bone-marrow cells (BMCs) were generated from each animal, and challenged with a UK-isolate of a PCV2 genotype b-strain at a MOI of 0.5. Remarkably, analysis showed a highly distinct and cell-type dependent response to PCV2b challenge. Overall, MoDCs showed the most marked response to PCV2b challenge in vitro and revealed a key role for TNF in the interaction with PCV2b, whereas only few genes were affected in BMCs and AMØs. These observations were further supported by an enrichment of genes in the downstream NF-κB Signalling pathway as well as an up regulation of genes with pro-apoptotic functions post-challenge. PCV2b challenge increases the expression of a large number of immune-related and pro-apoptotic genes mainly in MoDC, which possibly explain the increased inflammation, granulomatous inflammation and lymphocyte depletion seen in PMWS-affected pigs.
GAMBLING OF ADOLESCENTS IN ZAGREB – ROLE OF PSYCHOPATHIC TRAITS, RISK AND DELINQUENT BEHAVIOUR

U radu je prikazan dio rezultata pilot istraživanja kockanja adolescenata iz Grada Zagreba. Istraživanje je provedeno tijekom ožujka 2010. godine u tri zagrebacke srednje skole: (1) III. gimnazija, (2) III. ekonomska skola, te (3) Skola za cestovni promet. Ukupno je sudjelovao 261 ucenik (M=58, 2%, Ž=41, 8%) od prvog do zavrsnog razreda svojeg srednjoskolskog obrazovanja. Raspon dobi ispitanika krece se od 13 do 19 godina (Mdob=16, 51 ; SDdob=1, 15). Cilj ovog rada je utvrditi doprinos psihopatskih osobina licnosti, te rizicnog i delinkventnog ponasanja u objasnjenju rizicnosti kockanja. U istraživanju su koristeni (1) Upitnik o osnovnim sociodemografskim obilježjima, (2) South Oaks skala kockanja - verzija za adolescente (South Oaks Gambling Screen - SOGS-RA ; Winters, Stinchfield i Fulkerson, 1993), (3) Inventar psihopatskih osobina mladih (Andershed, Kerr, Stattin i Levander, 2002) te (4) Upitnik samoiskaza rizicnog i delinkventnog ponasanja (Rucevic, Ajdukovic i Sincek, 2009). Hijerarhijska regresijska analiza provedena je samo na uzorku mladica (N=150) buduci da djevojke nisu znacajno zastupljene u skupini rizicnih/problematicnih kockara. Rezultati pokazuju kako su najbolji prediktori rizicnosti kockanja mladica krađe i razbojnistva, te rizicna spolna ponasanja, odnosno da se drugim rizicnim ponasanjem dobro može objasniti rizicnost kockanja. Zanimljivo je da faktor Impulzivnost- Neodgovornost prestaje biti znacajan prediktor kada se u model uvrsti ponasajni aspekt tj. rizicna/delinkventna ponasanja. Ovakvi su nalazi u skladu s inozemnim istraživanjima koja govore u prilog tezi da kockanje, iako po svojim obilježjima specificno ponasanje, ne trebamo promatrati iskljucivo zasebno, vec kao dio „sindroma problematicnog ponasanja“.
The Job Rating Game: Revolving Doors and Analyst Incentives

Investment banks frequently hire credit analysts from rating agencies. A widely held view is that this “revolving door” undermines analysts’ incentives to issue accurate ratings. Using a hand-collected dataset of the performance and career paths of 229 credit rating analysts between 2000 and 2010, I provide new evidence on the effects of revolving doors on analyst incentives. Analysts who eventually move to investment banks are on average more accurate than other analysts rating similar securities at the same point in time. A notable exception is the small fraction of securities underwritten by their future employers, where revolving analysts do not outperform. My empirical design ensures that the results are not driven by selection of smart individuals into investment banking jobs, or by endogenous matching of revolving analysts to securities. My findings suggest that investment banks are able to identify and systematically hire more accurate analysts, thereby strengthening their incentives to issue accurate ratings. This positive incentive effect may explain why revolving doors have remained open in many professions, despite the public criticism they have attracted.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis

The illness began fifteen months ago, with pain in the right side. The pain first appeared in the kidney region behind and radiated along the course of the ureter to the right groin. The onset was sudden; several severe and -a number of milder attacks took place over a period of two months or more. The patient thinks that he passed a stone per urethram, The attacks then ceased completely until three months before admission. Again there was a sudden onset and the pain was still more severe. The pain had been of the same radiating character. The attacks -occurred every few days and lasted about eight hours, with scalding on micturition and frequency. An X-ray examination about this time disclosed a shadow in the region of the lower end of the right ureter, with two small -ones below it. In the skiagram it is seen that the shadow is very definite and round. About four days after this 'examination, the patient had another attack of renal colic, exactly similar to the previous attacks. Several days after this attack he was again examined by X-rays. In the sklagram there were the same shadows, apparently unaltered. A physical examination -of the patient disclosed no abnormality beyond tenderness to pressure over the ureter.
Neuroprotective Role of Haptoglobin after Intracerebral Hemorrhage

After intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the brain parenchyma is exposed to blood containing red blood cells (RBCs) and consequently to its lysis products. Iron-rich hemoglobin (Hb) is the most abundant protein in RBCs. When released into the brain parenchyma during hemolysis, Hb becomes a central mediator of cytotoxicity. Our study indicates that haptoglobin (Hp), an acute-phase response protein primarily synthesized in the liver and known to bind and neutralize Hb in the bloodstream, is also expressed in brain in which it plays an important role in defending neurons from damage induced by hemolytic products after ICH. We demonstrate that the Hb-induced hypohaptoglobinemia aggravates ICH-induced brain damage while pharmacologic intervention with sulforaphane to induce brain Hp is linked to a reduction in brain damage. In agreement with these findings, Hp deficiency worsens whereas Hp overexpression alleviates ICH-mediated brain injury. We also identified that oligodendroglia are the primary source of brain-derived Hp among brain cells and that oligodendroglia-released Hp plays protective roles against Hb-mediated toxicity to neurons and oligodendrocytes. We conclude that Hp, particularly the brain-derived Hp, plays cytoprotective roles and represents a potential therapeutic target for ICH treatment.