Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Dairy Products in Healthy Weight and Body Composition in Children and Adolescents

Overweight and obesity are major public health concerns with approximately 32% and 17% of U.S. children aged 2 – 19 being classified as overweight or obese, respectively. While the cause of overweight and obesity is multi-factorial, changes in eating habits and physical activity patterns have been proposed as contributing factors to the obesity epidemic. For example, the displacement of nutrient rich foods and beverages with non-nutrient dense items may be influencing childhood obesity. Many children do not consume the recommended servings of the Food Groups to Encourage, i.e. low-fat and fat-free dairy foods, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains identified by the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans which results in low intakes of calcium, potassium, fiber, magnesium, and vitamin E. While attention has focused primarily on reducing energy intake and/or increasing energy expenditure for weight maintenance, a promising beneficial role for dairy products in weight management has emerged. Most research has focused on adults, but there is evidence in children and adolescents indicating either a beneficial or neutral effect of dairy food consumption on body weight or body composition. The current review provides and assessment of the scientific evidence on the effects of dairy food consumption on body weight and body composition in children and adolescents.
How to get radical creative ideas into a leader’s mind? Leader’s achievement goals and subordinates’ voice of creative ideas

In the present research we investigated when and why leaders tend to oppose or adopt radical creative ideas voiced by their subordinates. In a field study (Study 1, N = 127) we showed that leaders’ performance goals were positively related to their tendency to oppose radical creative ideas, whereas leaders’ mastery goals were positively related to their tendency to adopt them. We replicated these findings in an experimental study (Study 2, N = 90), in which we showed that performance goal leaders were more likely to oppose radical creative ideas voiced by their subordinates than mastery goal leaders, whereas mastery goal leaders were more likely to adopt those ideas than performance goal leaders. In Study 2, we further showed that the effects of leaders’ achievement goals on their oppose and adopt responses were mediated by the leaders’ interest in exploration. Finally, in Study 3 (N = 91), we experimentally demonstrated that oppose and adopt responses of performance goal leaders, rather than mastery goal leaders, were sensitive to the behavioural mode by which subordinates voiced their radical creative ideas. That is, performance goal leaders were less likely to oppose and more likely to adopt radical creative ideas when subordinates voiced them in a considerate mode rather than an aggressive mode.
Researching the performance of international students in the UK

This article considers how well international students in the UK perform academically, seeking to identify factors which affect their ability to fulfil their potential. It provides a short survey of the literature and summarises the findings of a research project commissioned by UKCOSA: The Council for International Education. The research analysed data collected centrally by the Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) on the class of degree obtained by undergraduate students from different countries. Although there is some variation, the HESA data on which the analysis was based do not allow the causes of the differences to be identified confidently.
The Mexican American family : tradition and change

Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Traditional Life-cycle Rituals among Mexican Americans in Texas Chapter 3 Changes in Life-cycle Rituals and Family Life within the Working Class Chapter 4 Changes in Life-cycle Rituals and Family Life within the Business and Professional Class Chapter 5 Role Making and Decision Making within the Working Class Chapter 6 Role Making and Decision Making within the Professional Class Chapter 7 Conclusions and Implications
Online Scheduling with General Cost Functions

We consider a general online scheduling problem on a single machine with the objective of minimizing Σjwjg(Fj), where wj is the weight/importance of job Jj, Fj is the flow time of the job in the schedule, and g is an arbitrary non-decreasing cost function. Numerous natural scheduling objectives are special cases of this general objective. We show that the scheduling algorithm Highest Density First (HDF) is (2+e)-speed O(1)-competitive for all cost functions g simultaneously. We give lower bounds that show the HDF algorithm and this analysis are essentially optimal. Finally, we show scalable algorithms are achievable in some special cases.
An algorithm for decomposition of heart sounds based on S-method

Clinical experience has shown that heart sounds can be an effective tool to noninvasively diagnose some forms of heart disease. In this paper, an algorithm based on time-frequency analysis is used for the decomposition of the heart sounds. The decomposition algorithm is based on the S-method. The S-method is a time-frequency representation that can produce a distribution equal or close to the sum of the Wigner distributions of individual signal components. The decomposition algorithm is used for segmentation of the heart sound recordings that contain either of the two sounds: opening snap or third heart sound, which indicate distinct heart diseases. The results show that the algorithm effectively decomposes each heart beat into the corresponding components. Hence, they may be used in conjunction with a classification algorithm, allowing automatic decomposition and classification of the heart diseases associated with the opening snap and the third heart sound.
Is subordinate's loyalty a precondition of supervisor's benevolent leadership? The moderating effects of supervisor's altruistic personality and perceived organizational support

Based on Cheng's differential leadership theory, we investigated the relationship between a subordinate's loyalty to a supervisor (SLS) and the supervisor's benevolent leadership in Chinese organizations. We also explored two moderators of this relationship, the supervisor's altruistic personality and perceived organizational support (POS). Using survey research, we collected data from supervisor-subordinate dyads in Taiwan and made 167 valid observations. The results showed that SLS positively relates to the supervisor's benevolent behaviours; however, this relationship is diminished by the supervisor's altruistic personality and POS. That is, when the supervisor has a high level of altruistic personality or POS, the association of SLS with the supervisor's benevolent leadership is weaker.
Upstream congestion control in wireless sensor networks through cross-layer optimization

Congestion in wireless sensor networks not only causes packet loss, but also leads to excessive energy consumption. Therefore congestion in WSNs needs to be controlled in order to prolong system lifetime. In addition, this is also necessary to improve fairness and provide better quality of service (QoS), which is required by multimedia applications in wireless multimedia sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a novel upstream congestion control protocol for WSNs, called priority-based congestion control protocol (PCCP). Unlike existing work, PCCP innovatively measures congestion degree as the ratio of packet inter-arrival time along over packet service time. PCCP still introduced node priority index to reflect the importance of each sensor node. Based on the introduced congestion degree and node priority index, PCCP utilizes a cross-layer optimization and imposes a hop-by-hop approach to control congestion. We have demonstrated that PCCP achieves efficient congestion control and flexible weighted fairness for both single-path and multi-path routing, as a result this leads to higher energy efficiency and better QoS in terms of both packet loss rate and delay.
Rush, Rachel, and Rx: Modeling Partisan Media's Influence on Structural Knowledge of Healthcare Policy

Examining the impact of various media sources on knowledge has a long tradition in political communication. Although much of the extant research focuses on the impact of traditional media on factual knowledge, research is expanding to include a variety of media sources and multiple dimensions of knowledge, in addition to understanding processes that better explain these relationships. Using a nationwide, opt-in online survey (n = 993), we examine the relationship between partisan media and structural knowledge, which assess how interconnected people see political concepts. Utilizing understanding of the Affordable Care Act as the content area of interest, we examine whether exposure to partisan media has differential effects on attitudinal ambivalence—holding both positive and negative attitudes toward an object—based on the political ideology of the respondent, and whether this impact of ambivalence influenced structural knowledge. Our results show that exposure to attitude-consistent media decreased attitudinal ambivalence. This exposure to attitude-consistent media results in a positive indirect effect on structural knowledge through this decrease in ambivalence. We find the reverse effect for use of attitude-inconsistent media.
Choice of animal feed can alter fetal steroid levels and mask developmental effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals

Exposure of fetuses to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as the estrogenic drug diethylstilbestrol (DES), disrupts development of the reproductive system and affects other aspects of adult phenotype including diseases, consistent with the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis. To determine whether diet could influence the effects of DES, we compared mice fed a commonly used combination of soy-based Purina 5008 (breeding and lactation) and 5001 (post-weaning) with mice fed soy-based Purina 5002 throughout life. We exposed fetal CD-1 mice (F1) in utero on different feeds to a 0 (controls), low (0.1 μg/kg/day) or high (50 μg/kg/day) dose of DES via feeding the dam (F0) on gestation days 11–17. Compared to 5008, 5002 feed significantly increased serum estradiol in control fetuses. On 5008 (but not 5002) feed, DES significantly increased fetal serum estradiol at a low dose and reduced it at a high dose. Diet influenced the effects of in utero DES on F1 female onset of puberty and the uterine response to estradiol (an inverted-U dose–response relationship seen for DES on uterine weight with 5008/5001 feed was not observed with 5002). Both low- and high-dose DES reduced daily sperm production (DSP) in adult F1 males on 5008/5001 feed, whereas males fed 5002 showed no DES-induced reduction in DSP. Thus, we observed a number of low-dose effects of in utero DES exposure on Purina 5008/5001 feed that were not observed using Purina 5002, a feed commonly used in industry-funded toxicological studies conducted for regulatory purposes.
Variation in the hexanic extract composition of Lippia graveolens in an arid zone from Mexico: environmental influence or true chemotypes?

The hexanic extract composition of two populations of Lippia graveolens growing in an arid zone in the Tehuacan-Cuicatlan Valley (Zapotitlan Salinas, Puebla), Central Mexico, in different seasons of the year, and in contrast- ing conditions of ecological disturbance has been studied by GC and GC-MS. Regarding to the composition of these extracts, qualitative differences among the two populations were found. Thus, 9 compounds were identified from the extracts of the Zone A (the less disturbed) and 10 from the ones of Zone B (the most disturbed). Thymol was detected as the major compound in most of the individuals sampled, while at the season level, September was the more productive month for zone B (higher content of identified compounds) and the only one that presents antibacterial activity. Lippia graveolens displays quantitative and qualitative variations both within and between natural plant populations.
Factors Influencing Middle School Mathematics Teachers' Beliefs about ELLs in Mainstream Classrooms.

The purpose of this study was to explore the factors influencing the beliefs middle school mathematics teachers have about English Language Learners (ELLs) in mainstream classrooms. One hundred forty-nine middle school mathematics teachers from 11 school systems in Georgia completed the “Middle School Mathematics Teachers’ Beliefs about English Language Learners Questionnaire. ” Teachers who had received training felt significantly more prepared to teach ELLs and to help them understand class materials than did teachers who had not received training. In addition, females believed significantly more than males that teachers should modify assignments for ELLs. Teachers need more training in ELL pedagogy to successfully meet the needs of the ELLs they are likely to encounter.
Absorbing German Immigration: Wages and Employment

Many European countries restrict immigration from new EU member countries. The rationale is to avoid adverse wage and employment effects. We quantify these effects for Germany. Following Borjas (2003), we estimate a structural model of labor demand, based on elasticities of substitution between workers with different experience levels and education. We allow for unemployment which we model in a price-wage-setting framework. Simulating a counterfactual scenario without restrictions for migration from new EU members countries, we find moderate negative wage effects, combined with increased unemployment for some types of workers. Wage-setting mitigates wage cuts.
Out-of-Wedlock Abortion and Delivery: The Importance of The Male Partner

When a single pregnant woman has an abortion, it is often assumed that her relationship to her male partner will break up, either before the abortion or afterwards. This study compares the relationships of 139 single women who had abortions with those of 109 single women who chose to have their babies. Women who abort, while less strongly tied to their partners before becoming pregnant, are no more likely to end their relationships six weeks or one year after the abortion than are women who deliver. However, abortion recipients who have strong, loving relationships with their partners after the abortion experience greater adverse emotional reactions and dissatisfaction with their abortion than do abortion recipients with weaker relationships. Compared with single women who choose not to abort, the forces acting to separate an abortion recipient from her partner are present before pregnancy and abortion, and not necessarily triggered by the experience. A loving relationship may increase a single woman's ambivalence about having an abortion.
Evaluation of a Workplace Treadmill Desk Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a 3-month treadmill desk intervention in eliciting changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior among overweight/obese office workers. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted among overweight/obese office workers (n = 41; mean age = 40.1 ± 10.1 years) at a private workplace. Participants were randomly assigned to a shared-treadmill desk intervention (n = 21) or a usual working condition control group (n = 20). Accelerometer-determined physical activity and sedentary behavior were measured before and after the intervention. Results: Compared with the control group, the intervention group increased daily steps (1622 steps/day; P = 0.013) and light physical activity (1.6 minutes/hour; P = 0.008), and decreased sedentary time (−3.6 minutes/hour; P = 0.047) during working hours. Conclusions: Shared-treadmill desks in the workplace can be effective at promoting favorable changes in light physical activity (specifically 40 to 99 steps/minute) and sedentary behavior among overweight/obese office workers.
Design Tradeoffs of Vertical RRAM-Based 3-D Cross-Point Array

The 3-D integration of resistive switching random access memory (RRAM) array is attractive for low-cost and high-density nonvolatile memory application. In this paper, the design tradeoffs of select transistor drivability, RRAM device characteristics, such as switching current (IW), ON/OFF-state resistance (RON/ROFF), and I-V nonlinearity ratio, interconnect material, and write/read scheme are systematically analyzed using a 3-D circuit simulation. The simulation results show that insufficient current drivability of the vertical transistor severely limits the number of 3-D layers. A low switching current (high RON) or a high nonlinearity is beneficial for improving the write margin, while it degrades the read current sense margin. To alleviate this conflict, the read voltage needs to be boosted to the half write voltage. The common RRAM electrode material TiN is not suitable for the interconnect material due to a high resistivity. To improve write energy efficiency, a multiple-bit write scheme is proposed to reduce the write energy consumption per bit and enable a high bandwidth. With RON = 500 kΩ (IW = 6 μA) and nonlinearity ratio = 10, 1-Mb 3-D vertical RRAM subarray is feasible to meet the specified write/read margin with ~2-pJ/bit energy consumption.
Training Self Explanation and Reading Strategies

This research examines the effectiveness of a training intervention program designed to improve strategies for learning from texts and to determine whether the success of this intervention depends on readers' individual differences. Previous research has shown that readers who self-explain text aloud understand more from a text and construct better mental models of the content. However, some readers are poor self-explainers and gain little from the self-explanation process. This study examined the benefits of providing training in the use of self-explanation to undergraduate college students. Effects of prior knowledge, reading skill, and working memory capacity were also examined in relation to the benefits of self-explaining and self-explanation training. We found that comprehension and the benefits of self-explanation depended largely on prior knowledge. Training was more effective for low-knowledge readers, but only in terms of improving memory for the text. Training did not improve the low-knowledge readers' understanding of the text at a conceptual level.
Structure of Type IIL Restriction-Modification Enzyme MmeI in Complex with DNA Has Implications for Engineering New Specificities

The creation of restriction enzymes with programmable DNA-binding and -cleavage specificities has long been a goal of modern biology. The recently discovered Type IIL MmeI family of restriction-and-modification (RM) enzymes that possess a shared target recognition domain provides a framework for engineering such new specificities. However, a lack of structural information on Type IIL enzymes has limited the repertoire that can be rationally engineered. We report here a crystal structure of MmeI in complex with its DNA substrate and an S-adenosylmethionine analog (Sinefungin). The structure uncovers for the first time the interactions that underlie MmeI-DNA recognition and methylation (5’-TCCRAC-3’; R = purine) and provides a molecular basis for changing specificity at four of the six base pairs of the recognition sequence (5’-TCCRAC-3’). Surprisingly, the enzyme is resilient to specificity changes at the first position of the recognition sequence (5’-TCCRAC-3’). Collectively, the structure provides a basis for engineering further derivatives of MmeI and delineates which base pairs of the recognition sequence are more amenable to alterations than others.
Children's and Families' Use of Computers in Australian Homes

Children's approaches to learning may be changing as a result of their interactions with modern technologies. In Australian society there have been quantum leaps in the use of and reliance upon computers and information and communications technologies. An understanding of the lived experiences and interactions of children of various ages with computer technologies in their homes is the focus of this article. Such an understanding informs the work of educators who wish to provide effective instructional environments that draw on children's starting points and the positive aspects of their home computing environments. The research found that children's family computer resources, patterns of use and sociocultural contexts combined to affect children's computing experiences. Several discourses exist surrounding the use of computers by families. These discourses are the importance of computers for education, for the future and as productivity tools. From children's discussions emerged a comfortable co-existence of ‘toy use’ (for playing games) and ‘tool use’ (for purposeful work and leisure tasks) when using the computer and a preference for an exploratory mode of learning. A number of key elements present in domestic computing environments were identified as contributing significantly to children's learning. Implications for teachers are discussed.
Verbal Response Modes in Action: Microrelationships as the Building Blocks of Relationship Role Dimensions

Dimensions of interpersonal relationships, such as attentiveness, directiveness, and presumptuousness, have typically been assessed through impressionistic ratings or by aggregate scores derived from coding of specific (e.g., verbal) behaviors. However, the meanings of these dimensions rest on the interpersonal microrelationships that are actually observed by the raters or coders. In this qualitative study, the way these global relationship qualities were built from microrelationships at the utterance level was examined in passages from one medical interaction. Applications of microrelationships to future communications research are suggested.
Europe in Search of Legitimacy: Strategies of Legitimation Assessed

In this article, we assess three explicit strategies (based on three logics of political integration) as possible solutions to the European Union’s legitimacy problems. The first strategy amounts to a scaling down of the ambitions of the polity-makers in the European Union (EU). The second strategy emphasizes the need to deepen the collective self-understanding of Europeans. These two modes of legitimation figure strongly in the debate on aspects of the EU, but both have become problematic. The third strategy concentrates on the need to readjust and heighten the ambitions of the polity-makers so as to make the EU into a federal multicultural union founded on basic rights and democratic decision-making procedures. Taking stock of the ongoing constitution-making process, the authors ask how robust such an alternative is and how salient it is, as opposed to the other two strategies.
Engagement and Disengagement between Special and General Educators: An Application of Miles and Huberman's Cross-Case Analysis

This article reports on a cross-case analysis using Miles and Huberman's framework to examine and describe issues related to teacher engagement and disengagement with receiving “coaching,” or expert consultation, on effective teaching strategies. Results were gleaned from two research studies that implemented a coaching model and a series of earlier data analyses. The focus of the current analysis was to identify factors that led to high levels of impact on teaching as well as high levels of engagement on the part of general education teachers working with special educators.