Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Acid Adaptation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Efficacy of Acetic Acid Spray Washes To Decontaminate Beef Carcass Tissue

ABSTRACT Exposure to low pH and organic acids in the bovine gastrointestinal tract may result in the induced acid resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other pathogens that may subsequently contaminate beef carcasses. The effect of acid adaptation of E. coli O157:H7 on the ability of acetic acid spray washing to reduce populations of this organism on beef carcass tissue was examined. Stationary-phase acid resistance and the ability to induce acid tolerance were determined for a collection of E. coliO157:H7 strains by testing the survival of acid-adapted and unadapted cells in HCl-acidified tryptic soy broth (pH 2.5). Three E. coli O157:H7 strains that were categorized as acid resistant (ATCC 43895) or acid sensitive (ATCC 43890) or that demonstrated inducible acid tolerance (ATCC 43889) were used in spray wash studies. Prerigor beef carcass surface tissue was inoculated with bovine feces containing either acid-adapted or unadapted E. coliO157:H7. The beef tissue was subjected to spray washing treatments with water or 2% acetic acid or left untreated. For strains ATCC 43895 and 43889, larger populations of acid-adapted cells than of unadapted cells remained on beef tissue following 2% acetic acid treatments and these differences remained throughout 14 days of 4°C storage. For both strains, numbers of acid-adapted cells remaining on tissue following 2% acetic acid treatments were similar to numbers of both acid-adapted and unadapted cells remaining on tissue following water treatments. For strain ATCC 43890, there was no difference between populations of acid-adapted and unadapted cells remaining on beef tissue immediately following 2% acetic acid treatments. These data indicate that adaptation to acidic conditions by E. coli O157:H7 can negatively influence the effectiveness of 2% acetic acid spray washing in reducing the numbers of this organism on carcasses.
Enhanced Expression of WD Repeat-Containing Protein 35 via CaMKK/AMPK Activation in Bupivacaine-Treated Neuro2a Cells

We previously reported that bupivacaine induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and nuclear factor-kappa B activation, resulting in an increase in expression of WD repeat-containing protein 35 (WDR35) in mouse neuroblastoma Neuro2a cells. However, the identity of signaling upstream of p38 MAPK pathways to WDR35 expression remains unclear. It has been shown that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) can activate p38 MAPK through diverse mechanisms. In addition, several kinases acting upstream of AMPK have been identified including Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK). Recent studies reported that AMPK may be involved in bupivacaine-induced cytotoxicity in Schwann cells and in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. The present study was undertaken to test whether CaMKK and AMPK are involved in bupivacaine-induced WDR35 expression in Neuro2a cells. Our results showed that bupivacaine induced activation of AMPK and p38 MAPK in Neuro2a cells. The AMPK inhibitors, compound C and iodotubercidin, attenuated the bupivacaine-induced activation of AMPK and p38 MAPK, resulting in an inhibition of the bupivacaine-induced increase in WDR35 expression. Treatment with the CaMKK inhibitor STO-609 also attenuated the bupivacaine-induced activation of AMPK and p38 MAPK, resulting in an inhibition of the bupivacaine-induced increase in WDR35 expression. These results suggest that bupivacaine activates AMPK and p38 MAPK via CaMKK in Neuro2a cells, and that the CaMKK/AMPK/p38 MAPK pathway is involved in regulating WDR35 expression.
ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS BASED ON HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY IN INDIAN MUSTARD ( BRASSICA

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) is a naturally autogamous species, yet in this crop frequent out-crossing occurs which varies from 5 to 30% depending upon the environmental conditions and random variation of pollinating insects. Cytologically Indian mustard is an amphidiploid (2n=36), derived from interspecific cross of Brassica campestris (2n=20) and Brassica nigra (2n=16) followed by natural chromosome doubling. These relationships have been confirmed by the artificial synthesis of amphidiploids species by hybridizing basic diploid species and also by analysis of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA restriction pattern of basic and amphidiploid species. The improved mustard seeds contain 39-44% oil. For International acceptance, erucic acid content should be <2%. In India the area of rape and mustard 5.92Mha, Production 6.78MT and yield 1145kg/ha in 201112.
Hierarchical Extension Operators and Local Multigrid Methods in Domain Decomposition Preconditioners

Domain Decomposition (DD) is not only the basic tool for data partitioning but also a successful technique for constructing new parallel pde solvers. The eeciency of the solver essentially depends on the preconditioner. In the present paper, we consider nite element (f.e.) schemes approximating plane, symmetric, second-order elliptic boundary value problems (b.v.p.). We derive and analyse so-called Dirichlet DD preconditioners based on the non-overlapping DD, modiied Schur-complement preconditioners, local multigrid methods and hierarchical extension procedures. The crucial point is the combination of the almost norm-preserving and quite cheap hierarchical extension procedures with local multigrid. The symmetric multiplicative version of the preconditioning algorithm seems to be especially well suited for this approach. The numerical experiments carried out on various multiprocessor systems connrm the high eeciency of the parallel DD solvers proposed.
The Consultant-Client Relationship: A Systems-Theoretical Perspective

The aim of this paper is to explain consulting failure from a systems-theoretical perspective and to provide a new framework for analysing consultant–client relationships. By drawing on Luhmann’s systems theory, clients and consultants are conceptualised as two autopoietic communication systems that operate according to idiosyncratic logics. They are structurally coupled through a third system, the so-called “contact system”, which constitutes a separate discourse. Due to their different logics no transfer of meaning between the three discourses is possible. This contradicts the traditional notion of consulting as a means of providing solutions to the client’s problems: neither is the consultant able to understand the client’s problems nor is it possible to transfer any solutions into the client system. Instead, consulting interventions only cause perturbations in the client system. Consequently, the traditional functions of consulting are called into question. The paper discusses the implications of this analysis with relation to the traditional approach to consulting, and presents a tentative framework for a systemic concept of consulting.
NG 2 expressed by macrophages and oligodendrocyte precursor cells is dispensable in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Increased expression of the chondroitin proteoglycan NG2 is a prominent feature in central nervous system injury with unknown cellular source and biological relevance. Here, we describe the first detailed analysis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in NG2 knockout mice and NG2 knockout bone marrow chimeras. We show that both macrophages and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells express and secrete NG2 in response to transforming growth factor-b. A subpopulation of macrophages expresses NG2 within leucocyte infiltrates in the central nervous system, but only oligodendrocyte progenitor cells contribute to NG2 accumulation. Notably, NG2 plays no role in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis initiation, progression or recuperation. In concurrence, the immune response is unaltered in NG2-deficient mice as are the extent of central nervous system damage and degree of remyelination.
An Experimental Study on the Effect of Initial Ice Roughness on the Water / Ice Runback Behavior over a NACA 23012 Airfoil

In the present study, an experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effect of initial ice roughness on the transient water/ice run-back behavior during glaze icing process over a NACA 23012 airfoil. A digital image projection-correlation (DIPC) technique was applied to provide non-intrusive, temporally resolved, and full-field measurements of the dynamic water/ice thickness distributions over the airfoil surface. The instantaneous morphologies of the surface water/ice flow were reconstructed and quantified. Two typical surface morphologies were observed: wave-modulated-film (WMF) flow and stripe-molded-rivulets (SMR) flow. In the WMF flow, film with one primary wave and multiple secondary waves was presented; while in the SMR flow, upstream film flow with multiple downstream rivulets development was observed. The initial ice roughness was able to retard and shorten the primary wave formation in the WMF flow, while the wave velocity was not affected. The initial ice roughness was suggested to be able to trap and decelerate the water/ice film flow and decrease the inertia force in the film front, which essentially delayed the rivulets formation in the SMR flow. The roughness trapped SMR flow also presented a meandering behavior as the rivulets started to form, due to which, the initially formed narrow rivulets merged into wider rivulets. In this study, a new method in recognizing the film/rivulets boundary was proposed to quantify the dynamic process of rivulets formation, transition, and development. The characteristics of the steady-state rivulets flow were also extracted. The initial ice roughness was demonstrated to have a significant effect on the rivulet shape (e.g., rivulet width, spacing, and height).
Title: Tsunamigenic earthquake simulations using experimentally derived friction

16 Seismological, tsunami and geodetic observations have shown that subduction 17 zones are complex systems where the properties of earthquake rupture vary with 18 depth as a result of different pre-stress and frictional conditions. A wealth of 19 earthquakes of different sizes and different source features (e.g. rupture duration) can 20 be generated in subduction zones, including tsunami earthquakes, some of which can 21 produce extreme tsunamigenic events. Here, we offer a geological perspective 22 principally accounting for depth-dependent frictional conditions, while adopting a 23 simplified distribution of on-fault tectonic pre-stress. We combine a with 2D elastodynamic rupture simulations for a Tohoku-like subduction zone cross- section. Subduction zone fault rocks are dominantly incohesive and clay-rich near the 27 surface, transitioning to cohesive and more crystalline at depth. By randomly shifting 28 along fault dip the location of the high shear stress regions ("asperities"), moderate to 29 great thrust earthquakes and tsunami earthquakes are produced that are quite 30 consistent with seismological, geodetic, and tsunami observations. As an effect of 31 depth-dependent friction in our model, slip is confined to the high stress asperity at 32 depth; near the surface rupture is impeded by the rock-clay transition constraining slip 33 to the clay-rich layer. However, when the high stress asperity is located in the clay-to- 34 crystalline rock transition, great thrust earthquakes can be generated similar to the w (2011) earthquake.
Influence of maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection on vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV): a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Maternal co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been implicated as a potentially important co-factor for enhanced vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV). In previous reports, however, methodological issues (notably small sample sizes) have limited accurate evaluation of the contribution of maternal co-infection with HIV on the risk of vertical transmission of HCV. METHODS A systematic review and subsequent meta-analysis of current published and unpublished reports was performed. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI for individual studies were calculated with maternal HIV serostatus as the exposure measure and HCV vertical transmission as the outcome measure. Overall summary estimates were then calculated using a random effects model that estimates a weighted average of OR from individual studies. RESULTS In total, 2382 infants from 10 studies were included in an analysis of HCV-infected mothers (defined by anti-HCV+ antibody assays) with and without concomitant HIV infection. The risk estimate (OR) of HCV vertical transmission was 2.82 (95% CI: 1.78-4.45; P = 0.00001) from anti-HCV+/HIV+ co-infected mothers compared with anti-HCV+/HIV- mothers. In a subanalysis of 1327 infants born to viraemic (HCV RNA+) mothers, the risk estimate of HCV vertical transmission was 1.97 (95% CI: 1.04-3.74; P = 0.04) from HCV viraemic/HIV+ co-infected mothers compared with HCV viraemic/HIV- mothers. CONCLUSIONS Results from this meta-analysis of observational studies suggest that the risk of HCV vertical transmission is higher in infants born to HIV co-infected mothers.
Determination of a shape and size independent material modulus for honeycomb structures in additive manufacturing

Most prior work on modeling cellular structures either assumes a continuum model or homogenizes “effective” cell behavior. The challenge with the former is that bulk properties do not always represent behavior at the scale of the cellular member, while homogenization results in models that are shape specific and offer little insight into practical design matters like transitions between shapes, partial cells or skin junction effects. This paper demonstrates the strong dependence of measured properties on the size of the honeycomb specimen used for experimental purposes and develops a methodology to extract a material modulus in the presence of this dependence for three different honeycomb shapes. The results in this paper show that the extracted modulus for each shape converges as the number of cells in the specimen increases and further, that the converging values of the material moduli derived from the three shapes are within 10% of each other. Introduction: The Role of Modeling It is well appreciated that cellular structures such as honeycombs and lattices are a particularly exciting research frontier in Additive Manufacturing (AM). Broadly speaking the research landscape in this space involves design, manufacturing, modeling and implementation into an application. Several software solutions enable design with cellular structures and the published literature on manufacturing them is rapidly growing. This work focuses on the modeling aspects of cellular structures produced with AM. Modeling in this context is the analytical representation of material behavior, primarily for use in predictive analysis. This is a critical aspect of enabling true simulation-driven design, where the design is the outcome of some objective such as stiffnessto-weight maximization relative to an allowable stress. From a more abstract point of view, modeling links up design and manufacturing capabilities to the application. Without models that describe cellular structure behavior, we have design tools that make structures that we can even manufacture, but we have little confidence in their ability to perform the desired function in the end-application, especially when these are critical to function. While it is possible to certify components with cellular structures through rigorous testing, valid models and robust simulation together can both drive down qualification costs and unlock untapped potential that a normal design-manufacture-test cycle fails to uncover. Approaches to develop predictive models for cellular materials fall into three broad categories depending on the level of discretization at which the property is modeled: at the level of the individual unit cell, at the level of the connecting member or finally, at the level of each material 2148 Solid Freeform Fabrication 2017: Proceedings of the 28th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium – An Additive Manufacturing Conference
A systematic characterization of factors that regulate Drosophila segmentation via a bacterial one-hybrid system

Specificity data for groups of transcription factors (TFs) in a common regulatory network can be used to computationally identify the location of cis-regulatory modules in a genome. The primary limitation for this type of analysis is the paucity of specificity data that is available for the majority of TFs. We describe an omega-based bacterial one-hybrid system that provides a rapid method for characterizing DNA-binding specificities on a genome-wide scale. Using this system, 35 members of the Drosophila melanogaster segmentation network have been characterized, including representative members of all of the major classes of DNA-binding domains. A suite of web-based tools was created that uses this binding site dataset and phylogenetic comparisons to identify cis-regulatory modules throughout the fly genome. These tools allow specificities for any combination of factors to be used to perform rapid local or genome-wide searches for cis-regulatory modules. The utility of these factor specificities and tools is demonstrated on the well-characterized segmentation network. By incorporating specificity data on an additional 66 factors that we have characterized, our tools utilize ∼14% of the predicted factors within the fly genome and provide an important new community resource for the identification of cis-regulatory modules.
Remuneration satisfaction to improve work motivation of nurses: A cross-sectional, descriptive analysis study

Adequate remuneration is an effort to attain nurses' retention and enhance the work motivation, which, in turn, can exert a positive impact on the nurses' performance, enabling them to deliver quality services. This study aims to determine the correlation between the remuneration satisfaction and motivation of nurses in the hospital setting. We conducted a descriptive, quantitative study using the cross-sectional approach on 74 nurses, who were enrolled using the total sampling method, at one hospital in Depok (West Java, Indonesia). Although the remuneration satisfaction was measured using a questionnaire developed by us, the work motivation was measured using the Herzberg questionnaire. A significant correlation was observed between the remuneration satisfaction and work motivation (P=.019; =0.05). Nurses satisfied with the remuneration had 3 times the chance of displaying high work motivation. This study recommends hospitals to apply the remuneration system based on the Minister of Health Decree Number 652 of 2010. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2019; 12(1): 291-298)
Conservation and Divergence of Light-Regulated Genome Expression Patterns during Seedling Development in Rice and Arabidopsis[W]

Genome-wide 70-mer oligonucleotide microarrays of rice (Oryza sativa) and Arabidopsis thaliana were used to profile genome expression changes during light-regulated seedling development. We estimate that the expression of ∼20% of the genome in both rice and Arabidopsis seedlings is regulated by white light. Qualitatively similar expression profiles from seedlings grown under different light qualities were observed in both species; however, a quantitatively weaker effect on genome expression was observed in rice. Most metabolic pathways exhibited qualitatively similar light regulation in both species with a few species-specific differences. Global comparison of expression profiles between rice and Arabidopsis reciprocal best-matched gene pairs revealed a higher correlation of genome expression patterns in constant light than in darkness, suggesting that the genome expression profile of photomorphogenesis is more conserved. Transcription factor gene expression under constant light exposure was poorly conserved between the two species, implying a faster-evolving rate of transcription factor gene expression in light-grown plants. Organ-specific expression profiles during seedling photomorphogenesis provide genome-level evidence for divergent light effects in different higher plant organs. Finally, overrepresentation of specific promoter motifs in root- and leaf-specific light-regulated genes in both species suggests that these cis-elements are important for gene expression responses to light.
Solid-like ordering of imidazolium-based ionic liquids at rough nanostructured oxidized silicon surfaces.

The investigation of ionic liquids (ILs) confined in a solid porous matrix is of particular interest considering that these substances are increasingly used as electrolyte in devices employing nanostructured nanoporous materials for the electrodes. Furthermore, the confinement of the ILs into a porous matrix would allow overcoming the difficulties of its packaging, leakage and portability. In order to support applications, a deeper understanding of the interaction of ILs with the nanoporous solid material and its increased interface is required. In this work, we report on the modification of morphological and mechanical properties of the imidazolium-based [Bmim][NTf2] ionic liquid upon surface spatial confinement on a cluster-assembled nanostructured rough oxidized silicon (ns-SiOx) surface. An atomic force microscopy investigation revealed that upon the interaction with the ns-SiOx film, [Bmim][NTf2] locally rearranges into ordered, layered, stiff and poorly conducting solid-like domains, coexisting with, and embedded into, the liquid IL film. The observed interfacial layering of [Bmim][NTf2] deposited on ns-SiOx suggests that the behavior of the IL-electrode interface in photoelectrochemical devices employing nanostructured nanoporous materials can be far more complex than expected under the hypothesis of an IL-based electrolyte in the stable liquid phase. The observed effects reported in this work could in principle take place also inside the bulk nanoporous matrix, where they could be further amplified by the extreme spatial confinement.
Retrieval features for online databases: common, unique, and expected

The aims of this study were to identify the retrieval features for online databases; difficulties faced by users; and retrieval features expected by users. A total of 25 databases were surveyed and 40 users were interviewed after the training sessions. Common retrieval features included Boolean operators, phrase searching, match of exact words or phrases, field specific and limit fields searches, truncation, and wildcard. Even though features are offered in many systems, their interpretation and implementation are different. Unique features included lateral searching, density and frequency of terms, reference link, and searching via table of content. The expected features included relevance feedback and term weighting other than those already offered by ACM Digital Library and IEEE Xplore. Such expectations were influenced by the users' background in ICT. Difficulties included application of the retrieval features in searching. Database providers must include the expected features, synonyms linked to terms in the thesaurus, and extensive search examples.