Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Position-Aided Large-Scale MIMO Channel Estimation for High-Speed Railway Communication Systems

We consider channel estimation for high-speed railway communication systems, where both the transmitter and the receiver are equipped with large-scale antenna arrays. It is known that the throughput of conventional training schemes monotonically decreases with the mobility. Assuming that the moving terminal employs a large linear antenna array, this paper proposes a position-aided channel estimation scheme whereby only a portion of the transmit antennas send pilot symbols and the full channel matrix can be well estimated by using these pilots together with the antenna position information based on the joint spatial-temporal correlation. The relationship between mobility and throughput/DoF is established. Furthermore, the optimal selections of transmit power and time interval partition between the training and data phases as well as the antenna size are presented accordingly. Both analytical and simulation results show that the system throughput with the position-aided channel estimator does not deteriorate appreciably as the mobility increases, which is sharply in contrast with the conventional one.
Partially melted, mica‐bearing crust in Central Tibet

Surface wave tomography shows that the central Tibetan Plateau (the Qiangtang block) is characterized by S wave speeds as slow as 3.3 km/s at depths from 20–25 km to 45–50 km and S wave radial anisotropy of at least 4% (VSH > VSV) that is stronger in the west than the east. The depth of the Curie temperature for magnetite inferred from satellite magnetic measurements, the depth of the α‐β quartz transition inferred from VP/VS ratios, and the equilibration pressures and temperatures of xenoliths erupted from the middle to deep crust indicate that the Qiangtang crust is hot, reaching 1000°C at the Moho. This inferred thermal gradient crosses the dehydration melting solidi for crustal rocks at 20–30 km depth, implying the presence or former presence of melt in the Tibetan middle to deep crust. These temperatures do not require the wholesale breakdown of mica at these depths, because F and Ti can stabilize mica to at least 1300°C. Petrology suggests, then, that the Qiangtang middle to deep crust consists of a mica‐bearing residue from which melt has been extracted or is being extracted. Wave speeds calculated for mica‐bearing rocks with a subhorizontal to gently dipping foliation and 2% silicate melt are a good match to the wave speeds and anisotropy observed by seismology.
Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Studies on the Adrenal Medullary Tumors in Egyptian Patients

The present study provides guide lines for the diagnosis of adrenal medullary tumors in Egyptian patients. This retrospective study included, 73 cases of adrenal medullary tumors (39 pheochromocytoma, 13 neuroblastoma, 12 ganglioneuroblastoma and 9 ganglioneuroma) admitted to Mansoura Urology and Nephrology Center, Egypt. All tumors were studied histologically and immunohistochemically. In pheochromocytomas, 33 patients became normal after 24 hours, the other 6 died from distant metastases. 6 patients with neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroblastoma were still living after adrenalectomy, while the other 19 patients received chemotherapy and were non-living after 24 months. Nine patients with ganglioneuroma were still living after adrenalectomy. All prepared slides were stained with periodic-acid Schiff’ reaction (PAS) and reticulin stains. Hyaline globules which were (PAS) positive were pheochromocytomas, while, they were not detected in neuroblastoma groups. All tumors were positive for reticulin stain. All cases of adrenal medulalry tumors were examined immunohistochemically using antibodies against chromogranin A, S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase . Chromogranin A was expressed in all cases (39/39) pheochromocytoma, 5/13 neuroblastoma, 7/12 ganglioneuroblastoma and 7/9 ganglioneuroma. S-100 protein was expressed in 32/39 pheochromocytoma, 9/13 neuroblastomas, and all cases of ganglioneuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma. Neuron-specific enolase was expressed in all cases of pheochromocytoma, neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma. The neuroendocrine tumors were stained with high specificity and sensetivity for the neuroendocrine markers; chromogranin A and neuron-specific enolase. Histomorphological features of benign and malignant pheochromocytomas may be similar. Neuroendocrine markers (chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase) are useful in diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Frequency of S100 protein positive sustentacular cells is high in benign pheochromocytomas and low in malignant pheochromocytoma (our results suggest that, S-100 immunostaining is a useful marker to predict malignant behavior in pheochromocytoma. Intensity of neuron-specific enolase may be similar in both benign and malignant pheochromocytoma). No significant correlation was observed between expression of chromogranin A and neuronspecific enolase in pheochromocytoma and survival. The features of histopathological changes are the most important basis to make diagnosis for neuroblastomas group. Immunohistochemical staining can verify it further and play an important role in its differential diagnosis. [Samia, M. Sanad, Mahmoud, A. El-Baz, Omar, I. Ghonemy and Hassan, F. Abo El-Nazar Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Studies on the Adrenal Medullary Tumors in Egyptian Patients. Life Science Journal 2011; 8(4):1043-1057]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 131
DPAGT1‐CDG: Report of a patient with fetal hypokinesia phenotype

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are due to either defects in the synthesis of the glycan moiety of glycoproteins or glycolipids and in the attachment of the glycans to proteins and lipids. Some 50 CDG have been identified. They represent a challenge for clinicians because most are multisystem diseases with a heterogeneous spectrum of clinical manifestations with involvement of any organ and system. We report on a patient with a mutation in the glycosyltransferase encoded by the DPAGT1 gene, an infrequent CDG. He showed severe fetal hypokinesia phenotype with decreased fetal movements and polyhydramnios. At birth he showed decreased facial expression, without nasolabial folds, soft long ears, U‐shaped vermilion of the upper lip, thick skin, hypertrichosis, camptodactyly, moderate multiple contractures, hypotonia and severe hypokinesia, no spontaneous movements, and very limited movements with stimuli; he died at 1½ months. Isoelectrofocusing of serum transferrin showed a type 1 pattern with increased asialo‐ and disialotransferrin. The study of the DPAGT1 gene showed he was a compound heterozygote for two novel point missense mutations [c.901C > T] + [c.1094T > G]. This phenotype expands the clinical features of the few DPATG1‐CDG patients reported. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High-Resolution Topographic Analyses of Mounds in Southern Acidalia Planitia, Mars: Implications for Possible Mud Volcanism in Submarine and Subaerial Environments

A northern ocean of Mars is still debated and, if it existed, it may have accompanied valley networks and/or outflow channels, which may have led to the emplacement of a large amount of water to the northern lowlands during the Noachian and/or Hesperian times. However, it is unclear how and under what conditions (submarine or subaerial) geologic features such as mounds and giant polygons formed in the northern lowlands. The densely-distributed mounds in Chryse and Acidalia Planitia, >1000 km-wide basins of the northern plains, were suggested to be ancient mud volcanoes formed in an aqueous setting, which is controversial (i.e., mud vs. igneous and submarine vs. subaerial). However, these mounds have not been quantitatively well characterized, particularly with respect to their detailed topography. Here we generated forty digital elevation models (DEMs) with resolution of up to 1 m/pixel from High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) stereo image pairs, and we accurately measured the morphometric parameters of ~1300 mounds within the southern part of the Acidalia basin. Their heights and diameters resulted in good accordance with those of mud and igneous volcanoes in submarine/subaerial settings on Earth. Maximum depths of their source reservoirs vary from ~30 to ~450 m for a subaqueous setting and from ~110 to ~860 m for a subaerial setting, both of which are consistent with fluid expulsion from the ~100–4500 m-thick flood deposits (Vastitas Borealis Formation, VBF). On the basis of the morphometric values, we estimated rheological properties of materials forming the mounds and found them consistent with a mud flow origin, which does not rule out an igneous origin. The conditions of possible submarine mud or igneous volcanoes may have harbored less hazardous environments for past life on Mars than those on an ocean-free surface.
Effectively Polynomial Simulations

We introduce a more general notion of efficient simulation between proof systems, which we call effectively-p simulation. We argue that this notion is more natural from a complexity-theoretic point of view, and by revisiting standard concepts in this light we obtain some surprising new results. First, we give several examples where effectively-p simulations are possible between different propositional proof systems, but where p-simulations are impossible (sometimes under complexity assumptions). Secondly, we prove that the rather weak proof system G0 for quantified propositional logic (QBF) can effectively-p simulate any proof system for QBF. Thus our definition sheds new light on the comparative power of proof systems. We also give some evidence that with respect to Frege and Extended Frege systems, an effectively-p simulation may not be possible. Lastly, we prove new relationships between effectively-p simulations, automatizability, and the P versus NP question.
Unique copper‐induced oligomers mediate alpha‐synuclein toxicity

Parkinson's disease and a number of other neurodegenerative diseases have been linked to either genetic mutations in the alpha‐synuclein gene or show evidence of aggregates of the alpha‐synuclein protein, sometimes in the form of Lewy bodies. There currently is no clear evidence of a distinct neurotoxic species of alpha‐synuclein to explain the death of neurons in these diseases. We undertook to assess the toxicity of alpha‐synuclein via exogenous application in cell culture. Initially, we showed that only aggregated alpha‐synuclein is neurotoxic and requires the presence copper but not iron. Other members of the synuclein family showed no toxicity in any form and inherited point mutations did not alter the effective toxic concentration of alpha‐synuclein. Through protein fractionation techniques, we were able to isolate an oligomeric species responsible for the toxicity of alpha‐synuclein. This oligomeric species has a unique stellate appearance under EM and again, requires association with copper to induce cell death. The results allow us to suggest that the toxic species of alpha‐synuclein in vivo could possibly be these stellate oligomers and not fibrils. Our data provide a link between the recently noted association of copper and alpha‐synuclein and a potential role for the combination in causing neurodegeneration. — Wright, J. A. , Wang, X. , Brown, D. R. Unique copper‐induced oligomers mediate alpha‐synuclein toxicity. FASEB J. 23, 2384–2393 (2009)
Reducing spray drift by adapting the spraying equipment to the canopy shape in olive orchards with isolated trees

The lack of specificity of the spraying equipment commonly used in olive orchards is a remarkable problem, for not allowing farmers to apply adjusted pesticide doses to their trees, making necessary to spray very high liquid volumes that increase the environmental pollution risk. In this context, three prototypes were specially developed to increase the application efficiency in olive orchards with isolated trees, which represent 98% of the olive harvested area in Spain.
Application of Tuned Mass Dampers To Control Vibrations of Composite Floor Systems

SUMMARY—CONCLUSIONS The TMD implementation described in this paperdemonstrates their successful use in substantially reducingthe vibrations of an existing composite floor system. Thecritical reasons for the success of the system are: itstunability, which helped ensure that the theoreticallypredicted performance could be approximated by the actualas-built system; and the cost of the system, which was aboutan order of magnitude less than the cost of recommendedstructural corrective measures.Although the methods used to analyze the case-studyfloor system and design its TMDs are very general, and canbe applied in principle to many composite floor systems, theeffective use of TMDs in structures with higher dampingvalues and lower maximum floor displacements may provetroublesome. It has been claimed that it is generally difficultto make TMDs useful in structures with high naturaldamping. The adjustable viscous dashpots used in this case-study perform marginally at small strokes, suggesting theywould not perform adequately in floors whose amplitudes aresmall. However, other types of damping, which are fieldtunable and
American Urological Association ( AUA ) Guideline DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS / BLADDER PAIN SYNDROME

Methods: A systematic review of the literature using the MEDLINE database (search dates 1/1/83-7/22/09) was conducted to identify peerreviewed publications relevant to the diagnosis and treatment of IC/BPS. Insufficient evidence was retrieved regarding diagnosis; this portion of the guideline, therefore, is based on Clinical Principles and Expert Opinion. The review yielded an evidence base of 86 treatment articles after application of inclusion/exclusion criteria. These publications were used to create the majority of the treatment portion of the guideline. When sufficient evidence existed, the body of evidence for a particular treatment was assigned a strength rating of A (high), B (moderate), or C (low). Additional treatment information is provided as Clinical Principles and Expert Opinion when insufficient evidence existed. See text and algorithm for definitions and detailed diagnostic, management, and treatment frameworks.
Satisfaction with Appearance and the Desired Treatment to Improve Aesthetics

Objective. To identify participants' satisfaction with appearance and the desired treatment to improve aesthetics. Materials and Methods. 220 participants (127 males and 93 females, mean age = 21.4 ± 1.5 years) were recruited into the study. A structured questionnaire was used to assess patients' satisfaction with appearance and what treatment they desire to improve aesthetics. Participants scored the level of satisfaction with appearance using visual analogue scale. Results. The VAS mean score of satisfaction with general appearance was 6.8 ± 2.3. Half participants were dissatisfied with tooth appearance and 65.9% were dissatisfied with tooth colour. Higher VAS scores were associated with higher desire for all treatments that improve tooth appearance (P < .05). Dissatisfaction with tooth appearance increased with increased dissatisfaction with teeth colour, feeling of poor tooth alignment, presence of fractured anterior teeth, and increased desire for orthodontic, crowns, and dentures treatments (P < .05). Dissatisfaction with tooth colour was associated with increased desire for tooth whitening and tooth coloured fillings (P < .05). Conclusions. Participants had high levels of dissatisfaction with tooth appearance and tooth colour. Dissatisfaction with tooth colour contributed to the increased dissatisfaction with tooth appearance. Dissatisfaction with tooth appearance, colour, alignment, and condition was significantly related to high desire for aesthetic treatments.
Universal ε-approximators for integrals

Let <i>X</i> be a space and <i>F</i> a family of 0, 1-valued functions on <i>X</i>. Vapnik and Chervonenkis showed that if <i>F</i> is "simple" (finite VC dimension), then for every probability measure μ on <i>X</i> and ε > 0 there is a finite set <i>S</i> such that for all <i>f</i> ε <i>F</i>, Σ<sub><i>x</i>ε<i>s</i></sub> <i>f(x</i>)/|<i>S</i>| = |<i>f f(x)d</i>μ(<i>x</i>)] ± ε. Think of <i>S</i> as a "universal ε-approximator" for integration in <i>F. S</i> can actually be obtained w.h. p. just by sampling a few points from μ. This is a mainstay of computational learning theory. It was later extended by other authors to families of bounded (e.g., [0, 1]-valued) real functions. In this work we establish similar "universal ε-approximators" for families of unbounded nonnegative real functions --- in particular, for the families over which one optimizes when performing data classification. (In this case the ε-approximation should be multiplicative.) Specifically, let <i>F</i> be the family of "<i>k</i>-median functions" (or <i>k</i>-means, etc.) on <i>R</i><sup><i>d</i></sup> with an arbitrary norm ϱ. That is, any set <i>u</i><sub>1</sub>,. , <i>u</i><sub><i>k</i></sub> ε <i>R</i><sup><i>d</i></sup> determines an <i>f</i> by <i>f(x</i>) = (min<sub><i>i</i></sub> ϱ(<i>x</i> - <i>u</i><sub><i>i</i></sub>))<sup>α</sup>. (Here α ≥ 0.) Then for every measure μ on <i>R</i><sup><i>d</i></sup> there exists a set <i>S</i> of cardinality poly(<i>k, d</i>, 1/ε) and a measure <i>v</i> supported on <i>S</i> such that for every <i>f</i> ε <i>F</i>, Σ<sub><i>x</i>ε<i>s</i></sub> <i>f(x)v(x)</i> ε (1 ± ε) · (<i>f f (x)d</i>μ(<i>x</i>)).
An Analysis of Factors Affecting Genotyping Success from Museum Specimens Reveals an Increase of Genetic and Morphological Variation during a Historical Range Expansion of a European Spider

Natural history collections house an enormous amount of plant and animal specimens, which constitute a promising source for molecular analyses. Storage conditions differ among taxa and can have a dramatic effect on the success of DNA work. Here, we analyze the feasibility of DNA extraction from ethanol preserved spiders (Araneae). We tested genotyping success using several hundred specimens of the wasp spider, Argiope bruennichi, deposited in two large German natural history collections. We tested the influence of different factors on the utility of specimens for genotyping. Our results show that not the specimen’s age, but the museum collection is a major predictor of genotyping success. These results indicate that long term storage conditions should be optimized in natural history museums to assure the utility of collections for DNA work. Using historical material, we also traced historical genetic and morphological variation in the course of a poleward range expansion of A. bruennichi by comparing contemporary and historical specimens from a native and an invasive population in Germany. We show that the invasion of A. bruennichi is tightly correlated with an historical increase of genetic and phenotypic variation in the invasive population.
Individuals Diagnosed with Schizophrenia Assign Emotional Importance to Neutral Stimuli: An fMRI Study

The majority of functional neuroimaging studies investigating neural correlates of emotion processing in schizophrenia report a significant deficit in limbic structures activation in patients relative to control participants. Recently it has been suggested that this apparent “deficit” could be due to an enhanced sensitivity of the neutral material in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, rather than due to their inefficiency in emotion processing. The purpose of the present study was to test this supposition and verify if the potential effect is present in both men and women diagnosed with schizophrenia. In order to do that we examined the pattern of cerebral activation associated with processing of neutral stimuli in schizophrenia. Thirty-seven schizophrenia patients and 37 healthy controls viewed neutral and emotional images while in a functional magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Schizophrenia patients rated the neutral images as more emotionally salient than controls. Additionally, patients showed significant activation during processing of neutral images in limbic and prefrontal regions; similar areas were underactivated in patients relative to controls during processing of emotional information. Investigation of sex differences revealed that the enhanced responsiveness to the emotionally neutral material was attributed primarily to men with schizophrenia.
Deep Multilingual Correlation for Improved Word Embeddings

Word embeddings have been found useful for many NLP tasks, including part-of-speech tagging, named entity recognition, and parsing. Adding multilingual context when learning embeddings can improve their quality, for example via canonical correlation analysis (CCA) on embeddingsfromtwo languages. In this paper, we extend this idea to learn deep non-linear transformations of word embeddings of the two languages, using the recently proposed deep canonical correlation analysis. The resulting embeddings, when evaluated on multiple word and bigram similarity tasks, consistently improve over monolingual embeddings and over embeddings transformed with linear CCA.
Gender disparity in the secular trends for obesity prevalence in Korea: analyses based on the KNHANES 1998-2009

Background/Aims A similar gender-associated trend in obesity is observed worldwide. Nevertheless, systematic analyses of gender-specific characteristics in the general Korean population are rare. Methods We analyzed the prevalence of obesity in Korean adults aged ≥ 19 years based on data collected from the Korea Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys I to IV, and verified the obesity prevalence characteristics by gender. Results The prevalence of obesity in Korean males increased during the past 12 years from 25.1% to 35.7%, and the trend for an increase in obesity was significant in all age groups (p < 0.001). In contrast, no significant trend over the past 12 years was identified for females, but the prevalence of obesity in the 30- to 39-year, 40- to 49-year, and 50- to 59-year subgroups decreased significantly (p < 0.05). However, the obesity prevalence in the 60- to 69-year and > 70-year female subgroups increased significantly (p < 0.05). Conclusions We observed a gradually widening gender disparity due to an increase in the prevalence of male obesity and a decrease in the obesity prevalence among young and middle-aged women.
Spider Diversity in Kavvayi River Basin, Kerala, Southern India

Kavvayi river basin is a typical lateritic biotope situated in the Northern part of Kerala, which holds various ecological units such as lateritic vegetation, agro-ecosystems, seasonal pools, Grass lands, Kanams, Sacred groves, Mangrove-marsh and riparian vegetation. Many of these microhabitats are unique in character and poorly documented. A preliminary study was conducted to document the diversity of spider fauna inhabiting in the different ecosystems of Kavvayi river basins.India is having 1,686 species of spiders belonging to 60 families and 438 genera, which constitutes 3.6% of world’s spider population. The present study resulted in the documentation of 112 species of spiders belonging to 81 genera and 21 families. Araneidae was the most dominant family which constitutes 21.5% of the total spider species collected. The second dominant family was Salticidae which constitutes 19.5% of total spider population. Guild structure analysis of the collected spiders revealed seven feeding guilds, namely stalkers, orb web builders, ambushers, foliage runners, space web builders, ground runners and wandering sheet weavers. The spider fauna of this ecosystem is qualitatively rich due to varied microhabitats, which supports high floral and faunal diversity. The present study suggests a detailed investigation at ecosystem level to understand the role of spiders in ecosystem function. Current World environment Journal Website: www.cwejournal. org ISSN: 0973-4929, Vol. 13, No. (1) 2018, Pg. 100-112 ContACt Ashtamoorthy Sreejith dr.sreejithnamboodiri@gmail.com Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala