Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FAMILIES WITH LIMITED RESOURCES SUPPORTING EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION

This research addressed the problem that children who live in low-income or poverty situations are exposed to numerous risk factors that contribute to their poor performance in school. Due to this exposure to poverty, families living with limited resources may not be aware of how to give their children access to a future with the most potential. Two surveys were given to families with children in kindergarten at four Title I schools in central Montana. The surveys collected demographic information, open ended response to questions related to parent support for early childhood learning, and ranking scales determining the frequency with which children participated in various academic and non-academic activities with their parents. Ranking scales were also used to quantify parents‟ understanding of the school system, their involvement with the public school, participation in Parent Teacher Association, and what areas of parent involvement they wish to learn more about. This research indicated that parents with limited resources have been, and continue to be supportive of early education through the use of preschool and interacting with their children in academic activities. They have expressed interest in learning about free community events and youth sporting events. Parents in this study prefer methods of passive communication such as newsletters and pamphlets when learning about something new. Limited resource parents indicated that they understand the learning community and are involved in their child‟s education, but they are less involved in the PTA and helping in the classroom than non-limited resource parents. To support learning and academic growth, parents with limited resources are reading, helping with homework, and playing educational games with their children. This research did not indicate any barriers preventing parents from being more involved in the learning community. Parents with limited resources are supportive of early education, but there are still opportunities to get them more involved in their child‟s education.
How Team Identification and Expertise Identification Affect R&D Employees' Creativity

The relationship between team identification and expertise identification in the R&D context and the mechanism by which these variables influence R&D creativity is not yet clear. We present and empirically test a theoretical framework proposing that knowledge sharing mediates the relationship between identification and creativity in R&D teams. Based on 120 paired‐sample survey data of 30 R&D teams, we show that knowledge sharing mediates the relationship between team identification (but not expertise identification) and R&D team members' creativity. Contributions to the literature and the practice of innovation and R&D management, knowledge and creativity management, and team management are discussed.
Collaborative Model-based Development of a Remote Train Monitoring System

The model-based engineering technique Reactive Blocks supports the development of reactive systems by UML-based graphic modeling of control and data flows, model checker supported analysis, and automated code generation. Moreover, it facilitates the cooperation of teams of engineers by enabling the definition of formally precise behavioral interfaces that make the separation of the modelling process into various work packages easy. In this paper, we illustrate the use of Reactive Blocks for a joint student project that realized the monitoring and control of Lego Mindstormsbased trains in Norway through a control center in Australia. In particular, we explain how the Reactive Blocks interfaces and the applied communication protocols were used to split the project into work packages separately handled by the students involved.
The Conditional Relation between Beta and Returns

Abstract Unlike previous studies, this paper finds a consistent and highly significant relationship between beta and cross-sectional portfolio returns. The key distinction between our tests and previous tests is the recognition that the positive relationship between returns and beta predicted by the Sharpe-Lintner-Black model is based on expected rather than realized returns. In periods where excess market returns are negative, an inverse relationship between beta and portfolio returns should exist. When we adjust for the expectations concerning negative market excess returns, we find a consistent and significant relationship between beta and returns for the entire sample, for subsample periods, and for data divided by months in a year. Separately, we find support for a positive payment for beta risk.
Forecasting the Size Premium Over Different Time Horizons

In this paper, we provide evidence that the small stock premium is predictable both in-sample and out-of-sample through the use of a set of lagged macroeconomic variables. We find that it is possible to forecast the size premium over time horizons that range from one month to one year. We demonstrate that the predictability of the size premium allows a portfolio manager to generate an economically and statistically significant active alpha.
Influence of physician communication on newly diagnosed breast patients' psychologic adjustment and decision‐making

Background. Physician‐patient communication is of critical importance when a breast cancer diagnosis is made, because the emotionally overwhelmed patient must be educated about her disease and available treatments so she can participate in decisions about her care. A research study addressed the hypothesis that patients whose surgeons used psychotherapeutic techniques during the cancer diagnostic interview would have better psychologic adjustment to their cancer.
WELFARE NORMS FOR BROILER PRODUCTION

Protecting farm animals in production systems is nowadays a goal of most civil societies. Meat producing countries are seeking the development of norms and directives to assist standardizing broilers’ farm conditions, which facilitate auditing. This research aimed to compare the rearing and welfare aspects of demands in poultry rearing manuals of good practices and norms. Scores were given to the items within the manuals, and the mean values were calculated and compared. The Analytic Hierarchic Process (AHP) was used for selecting the most appropriate set of rules with respect to welfare issues. Results indicated that GLOBALGAP and RSPCA present the most appropriate set of norms. They also pointed the RSPCA as the most adequate set of rules related to animal welfare.
The credibility of advertising vs publicity for new FMCGs in Turkey

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the credibility of advertising vs publicity; to examine the credibility of advertising including a promotional endorser (APE) and publicity including a promotional endorser (PPE); to compare the credibility of advertising across the different demographic segments; and to explore the important factors affecting consumers' shopping considerations of new fast moving consumer goods (FMCGs) in Turkey.Design/methodology/approach – The data was gathered by a telephone survey from a sample of 717 of which 348 respondents wanted to participate from three of Turkey's largest cities, Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir. The systematic sampling was exercised to select the sample. χ2 and t‐tests were computed and the results of them were significant at 0.05 level.Findings – For announcing new FMCGs in Turkey, advertising was found to be more credible by the participants with higher income. Respondents' shopping decisions of new FMCGs were affected by price and quality more.
Employment Quotas for Minorities

Reactions to employment quotas are seldom mild. Protagonists argue that they create incentives for minority-majority convergence in skill distributions. In their view, quotas, unlike simple transfers, promote income equality via equality of worker productivities. Antagonists argue that quotas are socially costly; they result in both sacrificing standards and inefficient use of resources. My objective is to present an analytical framework showing that, in this as in most cases, effects are not necessarily what they seem. I assume that quotas are target minority-majority employment ratios for skilled or highly paid occupations. I also assume that in covered occupations firms must pay the same wage to all workers who have the same job title. The presumption is that target ratios are not easily satisfied with available supplies of skilled minority workers, so that quotas create an effective shortage of these workers. Associated with this shortage is the incentive to distinguish between demographic (color or sex) and skill
The Laser Line Detection for Autonomous Mapping Based on Color Segmentation

— Laser projection or laser footprint detection is today widely used in many fields of robotics, measurement or electronics. The system accuracy strictly depends on precise laser footprint detection on target objects. This article deals with the laser line detection based on the RGB segmentation and the component labeling. As a measurement device was used the developed optical rangefinder. The optical rangefinder is equipped with vertical sweeping of the laser beam and high quality camera. This system was developed mainly for automatic exploration and mapping of unknown spaces. In the first section is presented a new detection algorithm. In the second section are presented measurements results. The measurements were performed in variable light conditions in interiors. The last part of the article present achieved results and their differences between day and night measurements.
Family-supportive organizations and supervisors: how do they influence employee outcomes and for whom?

In the present study, we examine a model which seeks to specify the process through which work-family supportive organizations and supervisors influence important organizational outcomes, including commitment and performance. Findings indicated that family-supportive organization perceptions are best conceptualized as influencing family-supportive supervisor behaviors, which in turn influence subordinate self-efficacy, subordinate affective commitment to the organization and subordinate perceptions of supervisor work effort. Subordinate self-efficacy and affective commitment were also both found to independently mediate the relationship between family-supportive supervisor behaviors and self-rated performance. Interestingly, the model functioned similarly for employees with and without dependent care responsibilities, indicating that work-family policies and support are important for all employees, regardless of their familial status. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations and future research directions are discussed.
Topical tacrolimus in dermatology

Tacrolimus and cyclosporin A are potent immunosuppressants that are used systemically to treat several inflammatory skin conditions successfully. They differ in their structure and tacrolimus is 10–100 times more potent than cyclosporin A. They have similar side‐effects. They have been used topically in various clinical studies. Topical cyclosporin A is largely ineffective whereas topical tacrolimus is effective in treating atopic dermatitis. Topical tacrolimus has not been studied sufficiently in treating psoriasis although it has been used successfully in allergic contact dermatitis, erosive mucosal lichen planus and pyoderma gangrenosum.
The authors reply.

Critical Care Medicine www.ccmjournal. org e179 REFERENCES 1. Riha HM, Erdman MJ, Vandigo JE, et al: Impact of Moderate Hyperchloremia on Clinical Outcomes in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients Treated With Continuous Infusion Hypertonic Saline: A Pilot Study. Crit Care Med 2017; 45:e947–e953 2. Roquilly A, Mahe PJ, Latte DD, et al: Continuous controlled-infusion of hypertonic saline solution in traumatic brain-injured patients: A 9-year retrospective study. Crit Care 2011; 15:R260 3. Qureshi AI, Suarez JI, Castro A, et al: Use of hypertonic saline/acetate infusion in treatment of cerebral edema in patients with head trauma: Experience at a single center. J Trauma 1999; 47:659–665 4. Li M, Hu YH, Chen G: Hypernatremia severity and the risk of death after traumatic brain injury. Injury 2013; 44:1213–1218 5. Ichai C, Payen JF, Orban JC, et al: Half-molar sodium lactate infusion to prevent intracranial hypertensive episodes in severe traumatic brain injured patients: A randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Med 2013; 39:1413–1422 DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002794
Research on Accounting in Family Firms: Past Accomplishments and Future Challenges

Accounting practices in family firms, although displaying evident unique features, have received relatively little attention as distinct from their equivalents in publicly held firms. This may have hampered conceptual advancements in both the accounting and the family business literatures. In this article the authors first assess accounting areas in which the “family entity” plays a distinct role and elaborate on important characteristics of these phenomena. They also report evidence suggesting that additional research efforts may illuminate both unresolved issues in the accounting literature and so-far-neglected dimensions of the family business entity. Finally, the authors examine several different avenues for research at the accounting—family business interface and identify common themes among them.
[Placental transfer of vecuronium administered with priming principle regimen in patients undergoing cesarean section].

Eight women having cesarean section under general anesthesia received vecuronium (VCB) 0.01 mg.kg-1 as a priming dose, followed 180 s later by 0.11 mg.kg-1 as an intubation dose. Subsequently, VCB concentrations of umbilical venous and maternal arterial blood at delivery were assayed. The time from the injection of intubation dose to delivery was 283 +/- 55 (mean +/- SD) s. Umbilical and maternal VCB concentrations at delivery were 79.4 +/-36.1 1ng.ml-1 (UV) and 1258.3 +/- 464.1 ng.ml-1 (MA). respectively. Thus, the umbilical venous to maternal arterial VCB concentration ratio (UV.MA-1) was 0.07 +/- 0.02. One-min and 5-min Apgar scores were 8-9 and 9-10, respectively. Judging from previous reports concerning VCB administration during cesarean section, total of VCB 0.12 mg.kg-1 may be an overdose. We concluded therefore that of total VCB 0.10 mg.kg-1 seems to be an appropriate dose for cesarean section.
Exports, Returns to Scale, and Total Factor Productivity: The Case of Taiwanese Manufacturing Industries

The paper examines the relevance of international scale economies and international market efficiency of trade based on the firm-level data of Taiwanese manufacturing industries. The author first constructs a simple analytical framework to measure the extent of scale economies and total factor productivity for each firm. The measurements of scale economies and total factor productivity are then used to investigate the relationships among exports, scale economies, and productivity. Significant external scale economies associated with exports and a strong positive relationship between the individual firm's productivity and its own export intensity are observed.
Relation between shapes of post‐synaptic potentials and changes in firing probability of cat motoneurones

1. The shapes of post‐synaptic potentials (p.s.p.s) in cat motoneurones were compared with the time course of changes in firing probability during repetitive firing. Excitatory and inhibitory post‐synaptic potentials (e.p.s.p.s and i.p.s.p.s) were evoked by electrical stimulation of peripheral nerve filaments. With the motoneurone quiescent, the shape of each p.s.p. was obtained by compiling post‐stimulus averages of the membrane potential. Depolarizing current was then injected to evoke repetitive firing, and the post‐stimulus time histogram of motoneurone spikes was obtained; this histogram reveals the primary features (peak and/or trough) of the cross‐correlogram between stimulus and spike trains. The time course of the correlogram features produced by each p.s.p. was compared with the p.s.p. shape and its temporal derivative.
PI3K-Akt Signal Transduction Molecules Maybe Involved in Downregulation of Erythroblasts Apoptosis and Perifosine Increased Its Apoptosis in Chronic Mountain Sickness

Background Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) has a higher incidence in the plateau region. The one of its principal characters is excessive erythrocytosis. The PI3K-Akt pathway plays an important role in the process of erythropoiesis, and could downregulate apoptosis by regulating apoptosis-related molecules. In this paper, we explored the change in apoptosis of erythroblasts and the effect of the PI3K-Akt signal pathway on erythroblasts apoptosis in CMS. Material/Methods A total of 22 CMS and 20 non-CMS participants were involved in this study. Bone marrow mononuclear cells were cultured and treated with celecoxib and perifosine in vitro for 72 hours. The apoptotic rate, the mRNA expressions of Akt, Bcl-xl, and caspase-9, and the protein expressions of Akt, p-Akt, Bcl-xl, and caspase-9 were determined by flow cytometry, quantitative RT-PCR, and western-blot technique. Results The apoptotic rate of cultured erythroblasts was lower in the CMS group than in the non-CMS group. It was increased after perifosine intervention. The mRNA and protein expressions of Akt and Bcl-xl were higher and caspase-9 was lower in the CMS group than the non-CMS group. Perifosine induced decreased Bcl-xl mRNA and proteins and p-Akt proteins, and increased caspase-9 mRNA and proteins in vitro. In the CMS group, the hemoglobin concentration was correlated with apoptotic rate negatively and with Bcl-xl mRNA positively in erythroblasts; the erythroblasts apoptotic rate was negatively associated with the Akt mRNA and Bcl-xl mRNA. Conclusion The erythroblasts apoptosis was downregulated and the PI3K-Akt signal pathway appeared to be involved in the mechanism of decreased erythroblasts apoptosis in CMS.
Efficiency of the Natural Rate

During the sixties a cornerstone of economic policy was that permanent inflation results in high levels of economic activity. This was based in large part on the observation that prices and output, when measured as deviations from trend, are highly correlated-that is, the Phillips curve. Phelps and others showed that this apparent trade-off could not be explained in modern theoretical terms except possibly as a monetary and transient phenomenon. Inevitably, such an analysis implied a natural rate of unemployment or employment. The path-breaking book, The New Microeconomics in Employment Theory (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1970), by Edmund S. Phelps et al., contains most of these studies. In the first part of the book under review (Edmund S. Phelps, Inflation Policy and Unemployment Theory: The Cost Benefit Approach to Monetary Planning [London: Macmillan Co., 1972]), these and related developments in unemployment theory are synthesized and presented in a lucid and elegant manner. I recommend this book to all economists interested in understanding the new theory. Within the framework of modern unemployment theory, each of the three basic definitions employed treats unemployment as a private investment: (1) Search unemployment is a sacrifice of present wage earnings in return for the expectations of an improvement in future earnings. (2) Precautionary unemployment is an act of waiting in order to be available for better use later. (3) In the neoclassical speculative labor supply model, unemployment is an intended intertemporal trade of present leisure for an expected improvement in leisure cost of future consumption and future leisure. To this list I would add layoff unemployThe author thanks Robert E. Lucas, Jr., and Edmund S. Phelps for commenting on
The 'externalisation' of local public service delivery: experience in Italy and Sweden

In recent years, the local government sector in European countries has undergone important changes involving, among other things, the externalisation of local public service provision through various forms of corporatisation, public-public collaboration, public-private partnerships and contracting out. An important consequence of these institutional changes has been the recasting of local governance systems through the need for increased cooperation between public and private actors. This article addresses these matters with comparative reference to the experience in Italy and Sweden. In doing so, it considers local governments in their constitutional and legal contexts, leading to more detailed discussions of their externalisation initiatives and resultant organisational forms and governance arrangements. Issues of ownership have been important concerning the significance of 'community' and 'place' in the management of public affairs.
Investment in Electricity Infrastructure in a Small Isolated Market: The Case of Ireland

Climate policy is driving an extensive deployment of wind generation in the Irish electricity market. This study evaluates the cost of increasing wind generation both to the system as a whole and to consumers for 2020. We consider different scenarios on fuel and carbon-dioxide permit prices and the extent of electricity interconnection with Great Britain. For a small and isolated electricity system such as Ireland, a high penetration of wind is economically sound only with increased interconnection to Great Britain, since wind generation would otherwise be curtailed. Not surprisingly, for low fuel prices the least-cost scenario contains low levels of wind generation whereas the opposite is true for high fuel prices. The findings highlight the importance of interconnection and its operation and governance. Copyright 2009, Oxford University Press.
Association of a functional polymorphism in the CYP4A11 gene with systolic blood pressure in survivors of myocardial infarction

Objective Survivors of myocardial infarction (MI) are known to have a high prevalence of arterial hypertension which, at the same time, imposes a major risk to such patients. Genetic variants of the arachidonic acid monooxygenase CYP4A11 may result in decreased synthesis of 20-hydroxyeicostatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), experimental hypertension and elevated blood pressure levels in humans. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of the functionally relevant T8590C polymorphism of this gene on blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension in MI patients. Methods Survivors of MI from the MONICA Augsburg MI registry (n = 560) were studied after a mean of 5.6 years after the acute event. Participants were examined by standardized anthropometric and echocardiographic measurements, as well as genotyping for CYP4A11 T8590C allele status. Results Genotype frequencies in MI patients (TT = 71.8%, CT = 26.2%, CC = 2.0%) did not differ from those in population-based controls (n = 1363; TT = 75.4%, CT = 22.5% and CC = 2.1%, P = 0.22). MI survivors with the CC genotype displayed higher systolic blood pressure levels (CC: 143.4 ± 4.9 mmHg versus CT: 134.5 ± 1.3 mmHg and TT: 131.1 ± 0.8 mmHg; P = 0.02) and a non-significant trend towards higher diastolic blood pressure levels (CC: 88.4 ± 3.0 mmHg versus CT: 84.9 ± 0.8 mmHg and TT: 83.9 ± 0.5 mmHg; P = 0.17) in multivariate models. Accordingly, the C allele was related to elevated odds ratios for hypertension in a recessive [4.14; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07–15.96, P = 0.04] and in a dominant model (1.50; 95% CI = 1.03–2.20, P = 0.04), respectively. No blood pressure-independent association of the T8590C polymorphism with echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular function and/or geometry was found. Conclusion The data obtained in the present study strengthen the evidence of an association of the CYP4A11 T8590C polymorphism with blood pressure levels and hypertension prevalence. Particularly, the risk of arterial hypertension is substantially higher in MI patients homozygous for the CC allele. By contrast, no evidence was obtained for an association between this genotype and MI.