Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
American Journal of Epidemiology Original Contribution Cognitive Impairment: an Increasingly Important Complication of Type 2 Diabetes the Age, Gene/environment Susceptibility–reykjavik Study

Persons with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk of cognitive dysfunction. Less is known about which cognitive abilities are affected and how undiagnosed diabetes and impaired fasting glucose relate to cognitive performance. The authors explored this question using data from 1,917 nondemented men and women (average age ¼ 76 years) in the population-based Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility–Reykjavik Study (2002–2006). Glycemic status groups included diagnosed diabetes (self-reported diabetes or diabetic medication use; n ¼ 163 (8.5%)), undiagnosed diabetes (fasting blood glucose ! 7.0 mmol/L without diagnosed diabetes; n ¼ 55 (2.9%)), and impaired fasting glucose (fasting blood glucose 5.6–6.9 mmol/L; n ¼ 744 (38.8%)). Composites of memory, processing speed (PS), and executive function were constructed from a neuropsychological battery. Linear regression was used to investigate cross-sectional differences in cognitive performance between glycemic groups, adjusted for demographic and health factors. Persons with diagnosed diabetes had slower PS than normoglyce-mics (b ¼ À0.12; P < 0.05); diabetes duration of ! 15 years was associated with significantly poorer PS and executive function. Undiagnosed diabetics had slower PS (b ¼ À0.22; P < 0.01) and poorer memory performance (b ¼ À0.22; P < 0.05). Persons with type 2 diabetes have poorer cognitive performance than normoglycemics, particularly in PS. Those with undiagnosed diabetes have the lowest cognitive performance. The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide, and the disease, common in older adults, has become a significant public health problem (1). Persons with diabetes are at high risk for macro-and microvascular damage leading to retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Epidemio-logic studies suggest that cognitive impairment may be another complication experienced by older persons with diabetes (2–5). However, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) has not yet included cognitive impairment as a complication of type 2 diabetes in their 2008 treatment guidelines (6). Studies have suggested that duration of diabetes, use of glucose-lowering medications, and degree of glucose control may modulate the risk of cognitive impairment in older persons with type 2 diabetes (4, 7, 8). Consistent with other complications of type 2 diabetes (9, 10), cognitive impairment might also be present in persons with undiagnosed diabetes and impaired fasting glucose , conditions that are very prevalent in the population (11, 12). While global cognitive dysfunction has been reported in persons with type 2 diabetes (4, 13), there is no consensus on the specific domains of cognition that may be affected by type 2 diabetes …
Epidemic of diarrhoea caused by porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus in Italy

There was an epidemic of diarrhoea affecting pigs of all ages in Italy between May 2005 and June 2006. In 63 herds the cause was confirmed as porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus by electron microscopy, immunoelectron microscopy, pcr and serology. Watery diarrhoea without mucus and blood was usually associated with a reduction of feed consumption. In farrowing-to-weaning herds, diarrhoea affected the sows and suckling piglets, and the mortality in newborn piglets was up to 34 per cent. In growers and fatteners the morbidity ranged from 20 to 80 per cent, but there was either no mortality or it was very low. Depending on the size of the herd and the type of operation, the clinical disease lasted for weeks or months.
Substance Abuse Treatment Processes and Outcomes in Day/Outpatient Health Maintenance Organization Setting

AbstractPrevious research has determined that substance abuse treatment (SAT) is effective under managed care within residential treatment and outpatient treatment, but we have not followed patients after treatment completion. This study examined SAT in both an intensive day treatment and an outpatient treatment program in a large health maintenance organization, with mandatory 12-step participation. We conducted interviews (N = 72) at the beginning, upon completion, and 6 months after completion of treatment. Variables measured were substance use, quality of life, symptoms, functionality, and patient satisfaction as well as Drug Abuse Treatment and Assessment Resources (DATAR) score and treatment completion. Before treatment, DATAR scores were high: 7.68 on a scale of 1–9, indicating serious addictions. Patients showed significant improvement in all variables measured, upon completion of SAT, and additional improvement again 6 months later. Eighty-three percent of subjects completed treatment. Unique advantages of treatment in this setting were discussed, as well as the importance of referral and support from nurses and other healthcare professionals.
Relationships of High School Sdutent' Subjective Well-Being and School Burnout

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of school burnout and subjective well-being for high school students. The study group included a total of 373 high school students [188 female (50.4 %) and 185 male (49.6 %)] aged from 14-17 in the 2010-2011 academic year in three regions of Ankara (Cebeci, Kecioren and Pursaklar). Secondary School Burnout Scale and Life Satisfaction Scale were used in the study. In addition to descriptive statistics, data analyzed with regressions. Findings indicated that as students’ loss of interest to school and burnout emanated from family increased, their subjective well-being levels were decreased. Regression results pointed out that the following variables were significantly related to motivation to class engagement: Loss of interest to school and burnout emanated from family.
Health information technology and health care activists: Where is the place of Iranians?

Background The level of knowledge and using health information technology by clinicians, students and staff has always been one of the essential issues in the field of health. Objective The objective of the present study was to evaluate HIT knowledge, attitude, and practice habits among health care professionals and students in educational hospitals in Iran. Methods This case study was carried out in 2016 on 539 personnel of 65 educational hospitals in Iran entailing three subgroups of physicians (n=128), medical students (n=97), and health record staff (n=314). A pretested self-administered questionnaire was designed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of health information technology. It was comprised of three parts of “baseline general characteristics”, “knowledge categories”, and “attitude and practice”. Results In total, 28.8% of participants had a good level of knowledge about computer science, whereas 37.7% had a poor level of knowledge. A total of 40% showed good attitude and practice, while 25.6% had poor attitude and practice. Furthermore, 16.4% of physicians, 32% of students and 33.1% of health record staff had good knowledge, while poor knowledge was reported in 45.3% of physicians, 25.8% of students, and 37.6% of staff (p=0.304). The trend of good attitude and practice habits were respectively 28.9%, 50.5%, and 40.8% in physicians, students, and staff, whereas these trends were respectively 30.5%, 4.1%, and 29.9% for poor attitude and practice (p=0.163). Generally, the knowledge level of participants was positively related to the rate of attitude and practice (r=0.847, p<0.001), so the higher knowledge level brought about the higher score in attitude and practice. Conclusion The level of knowledge and practice of HIT was low among the physicians, students, and staff. Our university can provide a plenary program to promote the level of knowledge and information on practice of HIT.
Explaining Voters' Defection from Labour over the 2005–10 Electoral Cycle: Leadership, Economics and the Rising Importance of Immigration

We examine the significance of leadership, economic problems and immigration for defection from voting Labour over the period 2005–10. Vote switching at different points throughout the electoral cycle is estimated using discrete-time event history analysis models. Contrary to established expectations about the impact of the financial crisis and weaknesses in Gordon Brown's premiership, political leadership and economic evaluations had similar effects on defection during the early part of the electoral cycle, when Tony Blair was still in place, and the economy was still growing. In contrast, during the later period the economic crisis failed to impact on vote switching, which derived more noticeably from concerns over immigration or dislike of Brown. The emergence of immigration as a source of electoral punishment for Labour appears to derive from a particular dissatisfaction with the government's performance on an issue of rising salience; by comparison the economic crisis may well have been sufficiently global to have weakened attributions of responsibility to the government.
A Comparative Study of Public Support for the Police

I use the data from the International Crime Victimization Survey and the World Values Survey to study the determinants of public support for the police in 28 countries. I find that the respondents' views of the police, both general confidence and specific ability to control crime, are affected by who the respondents are (gender, age) and by the quality of governance in the country in which they live. Their general views of the police also are related very strongly to what they think about other parts of the government (the armed forces, parliament, and the legal system). Their evaluations of the police ability to control crime are strongly colored by their individual experiences and contacts with the police (crime victimization, fear of crime, being asked to pay a bribe, frequency of seeing police patrols). In addition, police-related characteristics (police size, percentage of women as a measure of heterogeneity of the police, police structure) shape their opinions as well.
Mitochondrial DNA sequence polymorphism, VO2max, and response to endurance training.

Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation was determined in 46 sedentary young adult males who took part in ergocycle endurance training programs in two laboratories to assess whether mitochondrial DNA variants were associated with individual differences in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and its response to training. VO2max was obtained from a progressive ergocycle test to exhaustion. White blood cell mitochondrial DNA was characterized with the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique using 22 restriction enzymes and human mitochondrial DNA as a probe for hybridization. Multiple mitochondrial DNA variants were detected with 15 of the enzymes. Some subjects exhibited many RFLPs, while others showed no variation. These RFLPs (morphs) were generated by base substitutions located in gene regions coding for mitochondrial proteins as well as in the noncoding regions. Carriers of three mitochondrial DNA morphs, two in the subunit 5 of the NADH dehydrogenase gene and one in the tRNA for threonine, had a VO2max (ml.kg-1.min-1) in the untrained state significantly higher than noncarriers, while carriers of one mitochondrial DNA morph in subunit 2 of NADH dehydrogenase had a lower initial VO2max. Endurance training increased VO2max by a mean of 0.51 of O2, with individual differences ranging from gains of 0.06 to 1.03. After adjustment for training site and initial VO2max, a lower response was observed for three carriers of a variant in subunit 5 of the NADH dehydrogenase detected with HincII (mean gain of 0.28 I; P less than 0.05). These results suggest that sequence variation in mitochondrial DNA may contribute to individual difference in VO2max and its response to training.
THE EFFECTS OF INTERVIEWER CHARACTERISTICS ON ARRESTEES' RESPONSES TO DRUG-RELATED QUESTIONS

The Social Attribution Theory, which suggests that respondents respond in ways to meet the norms and expectations that they perceive are held by the interviewer, and the Social Distance Theory, which suggests that respondents provide more truthful answers when they share common characteristics with the interviewer, have been used by previous studies to explain differences in interviewees’ responses. Examining these two theories further, arrestees’ responses from seven quarters of data from the Charlotte, North Carolina Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) site were used to study the impact of interviewers’ characteristics and on-the-job experience on arrestees’ willingness to respond to the ADAM questionnaire and submit to a urine sample. Although experience does appear to impact consent, shared race, gender, and similar age have greater impact on gaining agreement to be interviewed. These results tend to more strongly suggest the applicability of Social Distance Theory.
Ex Vivo Drug Susceptibility of Ferroquine against Chloroquine-Resistant Isolates of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax

ABSTRACT Ferroquine (FQ; SSR97193), a ferrocene-containing 4-aminoquinoline derivate, has potent in vitro efficacy against chloroquine (CQ)-resistant Plasmodium falciparum and CQ-sensitive P. vivax. In the current study, ex vivo FQ activity was tested in multidrug-resistant P. falciparum and P. vivax field isolates using a schizont maturation assay. Although FQ showed excellent activity against CQ-sensitive and -resistant P. falciparum and P. vivax (median 50% inhibitory concentrations [IC50s], 9.6 nM and 18.8 nM, respectively), there was significant cross-susceptibility with the quinoline-based drugs chloroquine, amodiaquine, and piperaquine (for P. falciparum, r = 0.546 to 0.700, P < 0.001; for P. vivax, r = 0.677 to 0.821, P < 0.001). The observed ex vivo cross-susceptibility is likely to reflect similar mechanisms of drug uptake/efflux and modes of drug action of this drug class. However, the potent activity of FQ against resistant isolates of both P. falciparum and P. vivax highlights a promising role for FQ as a lead antimalarial against CQ-resistant Plasmodium and a useful partner drug for artemisinin-based combination therapy.
Mid‐trimester Abortion by Extraamniotic Emcredil Versus Normal Saline

EDITORIAL COMMENT: Midtrimester abortion using hypertonic saline (20% sodium chloride) was used extensively in the I950's‐1960's and was abandoned because of maternal deaths associated with seizures, hypernatraemia and coagulation failure, presumably due to accidental intravenous injection of the solution (or its rapid absorption into the intravascular space) resulting in cerebral infarction or haemorrhage (1,2). Intraamniotic instillation of 20% NaCl or 50% glucose was advocated as late as 1966–1969 for induction of labour in cases of intrauterine death, missed abortion, or therapeutic abortion beyond 14 weeks' gestation (3,4). It should be emphasized that normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) is a physiological, isotonic solution which should have no such ill‐effects. It is always difficult to judge 2 solutions such as described in this paper when the regimens are complicated by use of Syntocinon infusion, which was commenced in both study groups 2 hours after extraamniotic instillation of the 2 solutions whose abortificient actions were being compared. Nonetheless the authors achieved acceptable results with the normal saline‐Syntocinon regimen described here, which justify continued evaluation of the method in a larger series of patients. Second trimester abortion is unfortunately necessary in modern obstetrics and the great variation of published methods indicate that none is entirely satisfactory.
Particulate Matter and Subclinical Atherosclerosis: Associations between Different Particle Sizes and Sources with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in the SAPALDIA Study

Background: Subclinical atherosclerosis has been associated with long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM), but the relevance of particle size and sources of exposure remains unclear. Objectives: We investigated the association of long-term exposure to PM10 (≤ 10 μm), PM2.5 (≤ 2.5 μm: total mass, vehicular, and crustal sources), and ultrafine particles [UFP < 0.1 μm: particle number concentration (PNC) and lung-deposited surface area (LDSA)] with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). Methods: We used data from 1,503 participants ≥ 50 years old who participated in the third examination of the Swiss SAPALDIA cohort. Exposures were obtained from dispersion models and land-use regression models. Covariate information, including previous cardiovascular risk factors, was obtained from the second and third SAPALDIA examinations. Results: The adjusted percent difference in CIMT associated with an exposure contrast between the 10th and 90th percentile was 1.58% (95% CI: –0.30, 3.47%) for PM10, 2.10% (95% CI: 0.04, 4.16%) for PM2.5, 1.67% (95% CI: –0.13, 3.48%) for the vehicular source of PM2.5, –0.58% (95% CI: –3.95, 2.79%) for the crustal source of PM2.5, 2.06% (95% CI: 0.03, 4.10%) for PNC, and 2.32% (95% CI: 0.23, 4.40%) for LDSA. Stronger associations were observed among diabetics, subjects with low-educational level, and those at higher cardiovascular risk. Conclusions: CIMT was associated with exposure to PM10, PM2.5, and UFP. The PM2.5 source-specific analysis showed a positive association for the vehicular source but not for the crustal source. Although the effects of PNC and LDSA were similar in magnitude, two-pollutant and residual-based models suggested that LDSA may be a better marker for the health relevance of UFP. Citation: Aguilera I, Dratva J, Caviezel S, Burdet L, de Groot E, Ducret-Stich RE, Eeftens M, Keidel D, Meier R, Perez L, Rothe T, Schaffner E, Schmit-Trucksäss A, Tsai MY, Schindler C, Künzli N, Probst-Hensch N. 2016. Particulate matter and subclinical atherosclerosis: associations between different particle sizes and sources with carotid intima-media thickness in the SAPALDIA study. Environ Health Perspect 124:1700–1706; http://dx.doi. org/10.1289/EHP161
The factor structure of the revised illness perception questionnaire (IPQ-R) in end-stage renal disease patients

The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure of the Revised Illness Perceptions Questionnaire (IPQ-R) in a sample of 374 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. A confirmatory factor analysis of the IPQ-R, including the illness identity subscale, demonstrated adequate model fit for the factor structure as originally defined by (Moss-Morris, R., Weinman, J., Petrie, K. J., Horne, R., Cameron, L. D., & Buick, D. (2002). The revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R). Psychology & Health, 17 (1), 1–16. ) Modifying the a-priori IPQ-R factor structure by removing two items with low factor loadings and specifying a path between personal control and item 23 had marginally better fit. A separate exploratory factor analysis of the causal items indicated three factors relating to Biological, Psychological and Behavioural causes. These findings provide evidence towards the validity and reliability of the IPQ-R as a suitable measure of illness perceptions in the context of ESRD.
Motion coaching with emphatic motions and adverbial expressions for human beings by robotic system -Method for controlling motions and expressions with sole parameter-

Whole-body gestures and verbal expressions should be bound according to given tasks and the current situation in intelligent human-robot interaction systems. Moreover, modification of expressions, such as emphasis of motions and change in verbal expressions, plays an important roll for successfully completing tasks according to user reaction. Slight differences in motions can be conveyed by binding an emphasized motions and an verbal expression. In robotics, however, even though the synthesis of gestures and speech has been discussed, how to bind synthesized emphatic motions and verbal expressions from an engineering point of view has not been adequately discussed. Synthesis of motion and speech requires recognition of user reaction, we therefor should integrate 1) recognizing reaction, 2) planning to complete tasks, 3) modification of motions and speech, and 4) maintaining a bi-directional interaction loop consisting of processes 1)–3). Thus, using a phase space, we propose a method for binding emphatic motions and adverbial expressions, and for evaluating and controlling these four required processes by using a sole scalar parameter. In the phase space, variety of motion patterns and verbal expressions can be expressed as static points. To evaluate the feasibility of the proposed method, we also propose a bi-directional motion coaching system using the method. We show the feasibility and effectiveness of robotic motion coaching systems through experiments of actual sport coaching tasks for beginners. From the results of participants' improvements in motion learning, we discuss and conclude the factors affecting such motion coaching systems that realizes binding and controlling emphatic motions and adverbial expressions using a sole scalar parameter in a phase space.
THE BREXIT VOTE, INFLATION AND U.K. LIVING STANDARDS

This article studies how voting for Brexit affected living standards in the United Kingdom. Using hetero- geneity in exposure to import costs across product groups, we analyze how the depreciation of sterling caused by the referendum affected consumer prices. We ﬁnd that the Brexit depreciation led to higher inﬂation in product groups with greater import shares in consumer expenditure. Our results are consistent with complete pass-through of import costs to consumer prices and imply aggregate exchange rate pass-through of 0.29. We estimate the Brexit depreciation increased consumer prices by 2.9%, costing the average household £870 per year.
Home literacy beliefs and practices among low-income Latino families

The aim of this study was to explore within-group patterns of variability in the home literacy environments (HLEs) of low-income Latino families using latent profile analysis. Participants were (N = 193) families of Latino preschoolers enrolled in a larger study. In the fall of 2012, mothers filled out a family literacy practices inventory, a literacy beliefs inventory, and a socio-demographic questionnaire. Results revealed three psychometrically distinct HLE profiles. Profile 1 (37%), labelled Low Beliefs, Low Practices (LBLP), was characterized by very low incomes, low caregiver education, reading infrequently to children, primarily speaking Spanish and reported lowest literacy beliefs and practices. Profile 2 (16%), labelled Moderate Beliefs, Moderate Practices (MBMP), was also low income, had few books in the home, read in both English and Spanish to their children, and held moderately facilitative literacy beliefs and practices. Profile 3 (47%), labelled High Beliefs, High Practices (HBHP), reported the highest literacy beliefs and practices, highest percentage English-speaking, read more often to children, and had more books in the home. These findings highlight considerable variability in terms of literacy beliefs and practices among Latino families. The profiles have practical relevance in terms of children's readiness at school entry and working with their families.