Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Who makes the pie bigger? An experimental study on co-opetition

The tension between cooperation and competition that characterizes many business relationships is experimentally studied in a ‘pie’-creation game; value is created and increased through cooperation in a repeated prisoner's dilemma game. At the end, the player with the greater stake in the joint pie decides on the division of the pie. Three treatments of the pie-creation game are considered: in the first treatment, rivals create the pie; in the second, non-rivals create the pie; finally, in the third, the pie is created by subjects who do not know about the future pie-division. The data show that the competition for the right to split the pie biases behaviors towards defection when subjects play with their rival.
Clinico‐electrophysiological findings and prognosis of Guillain‐Barré syndrome – 10 years’ experience

Soysal A, Aysal F, Calıskan B, Dogan Ak P, Mutluay B, Sakallı N, Baybas S, Arpacı B. Clinico‐electrophysiological findings and prognosis of Guillain‐Barré syndrome – 10 years’ experience. Acta Neurol Scand: 2011: 123: 181–186. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Limits for the Precision and Value of Information from Dependent Sources

In many inferential and decision-making situations, information is obtained from a number of information sources, and the separate pieces of information are often not independent. This paper investigates the impact of dependence on the precision and value of information. The results indicate that positive dependence among information sources can have a serious detrimental effect on the precision and value of the information. Differences in precision between the dependent and independent cases can be remarkably large. With dependence, the incremental value of information can decrease very rapidly, and the limiting value of information as more sources are considered can be considerably less than the expected value of perfect information. The results of this paper have implications for the acquisition and use of information in decision-making problems.
Formation of the Ascidian Epidermal Sensory Neurons: Insights into the Origin of the Chordate Peripheral Nervous System

The vertebrate peripheral nervous system (PNS) originates from neural crest and placodes. While its developmental origin is the object of intense studies, little is known concerning its evolutionary history. To address this question, we analyzed the formation of the larval tail PNS in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. The tail PNS of Ciona is made of sensory neurons located within the epidermis midlines and extending processes in the overlying tunic median fin. We show that each midline corresponds to a single longitudinal row of epidermal cells and neurons sharing common progenitors. This simple organization is observed throughout the tail epidermis, which is made of only eight single-cell rows, each expressing a specific genetic program. We next demonstrate that the epidermal neurons are specified in two consecutive steps. During cleavage and gastrula stages, the dorsal and ventral midlines are independently induced by FGF9/16/20 and the BMP ligand ADMP, respectively. Subsequently, Delta/Notch–mediated lateral inhibition controls the number of neurons formed within these neurogenic regions. These results provide a comprehensive overview of PNS formation in ascidian and uncover surprising similarities between the fate maps and embryological mechanisms underlying formation of ascidian neurogenic epidermis midlines and the vertebrate median fin.
Identifying the Correlates of Police Organizational Commitment in Ghana

The aim of this article is to examine empirically the factors that shape police organizational commitment. The data used in this study are drawn from a survey of 181 police officers in the Accra region of Ghana. The results of a multiple regression analysis show that officers’ assessments of the treatment they receive from their supervisors and the quality of relationships they have with their peers predict their organizational commitment. In addition, higher education, but not length of service, predicts lower levels of organizational commitment. Finally, the effects of the police officers’ perceptions of their own legitimacy are found to be embraced in treatment by supervisors and relationships with peers.
The production of space in metropolitan regions: A Lefebvrian analysis of governance and spatial change

The language of relational geography now permeates the field and literature of planning, with phrases such as ‘fuzzy boundaries’ and ‘flows and networks’ being commonly used to express the complexity of socio-economic and governance relations. However, recent research suggests the so-called ‘relational turn’ is not only far from complete, but is unable to account for the bounded reality of urban processes. Following from these debates, this article seeks to redirect the study of urban change away from relational and absolute interpretations of space in favour of a more robust consideration and critical reflection on the social production of city-regions. Towards this objective, the author introduces an approach situated within Lefebvre’s The Production of Space to examine strategies of metropolitan regionalism in the Capital District, New York (United States). Interpreting the city-region as a social product reflecting the co-constitutive relationship of conceived, perceived and lived space spatial elements, the paper argues that the silences of lived space within metropolitan regionalism are indicative of a post-political condition where hegemonic vision, discourse and ideology deny a robust urban democracy. It is this ability to engage with the dynamism of social change and the relationships between spaces which makes Lefebvre’s spatial theory immensely valuable for the study of emerging and shifting structures of governance.
Blind Image Deblurring Using Dark Channel Prior Supplemental Material

Overview In this supplemental material, we provide the proofs of Property 1 and Property 2 in Sections 1 and 2 respectively. We analyze the properties of the dark channel prior in image deblurring and demonstrate its effectiveness on natural images, text images and low-illumination images in Section 3. Section 4 provides detailed analysis of the proposed algorithm The algorithm details for solving (10) in the manuscript and the proposed non-uniform deblurring algorithm are presented in Sections 5 and 6, respectively. We qualitatively evaluate the proposed method and compare it against existing deblurring methods on the publicly available datasets by Köhler et al. [10], Levin et al. [13], and Sun et al. [18] in Section 7. Finally, we show more visual comparisons in Section 8.
The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ODA3 Gene Encodes a Protein of the Outer Dynein Arm Docking Complex

We have used an insertional mutagenesis/ gene tagging technique to generate new Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutants that are defective in assembly of the outer dynein arm. Among 39 insertional oda mutants characterized, two are alleles of the previously uncloned ODA3 gene, one is an allele of the uncloned ODA10 gene, and one represents a novel ODA gene (termed ODA12). ODA3 is of particular interest because it is essential for assembly of both the outer dynein arm and the outer dynein arm docking complex (ODA-DC) onto flagellar doublet microtubules (Takada, S., and R. Kamiya. 1994. J. Cell Biol. 126:737– 745). Beginning with the inserted DNA as a tag, the ODA3 gene and a full-length cDNA were cloned. The cloned gene rescues the phenotype of oda3 mutants. The cDNA sequence predicts a novel 83.4-kD protein with extensive coiled-coil domains. The ODA-DC contains three polypeptides; direct amino acid sequencing indicates that the largest of these polypeptides corresponds to ODA3. This protein is likely to have an important role in the precise positioning of the outer dynein arms on the flagellar axoneme.
Quantitative Online Student Profiling to Forecast Academic Outcome from Learning Styles Using Dendrogram Decision Models.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to inform international student study strategies as well as course design and instructional approach.Design/methodology/approach – Multiple research methods are applied, starting with exploratory data analysis, principal component analysis, confirmatory ordinal factor analysis, then recursive regression.Findings – The meta‐cognitive impacts of international learning styles on academic performance over two courses are proven.Research limitations/implications – The learning styles of multicultural university students are assessed using an online a priori instrument to determine predictive impact on academic performance across different courses.Practical implications – The implications of the dendrogram models are briefly explained with respect to student counselling, student study strategies and teaching approaches. The findings are discussed with respect to rival learning style theories and to appease criticisms of meta‐analysis reviews.Originality/value – Several sta.
Examining the stress response and recovery among children with migraine.

OBJECTIVE This study compared physiological differences between children diagnosed with migraine and their healthy peers. METHOD Physiological measures were obtained at baseline, after discussing an emotional stressor, and after a 5-min recovery period in 21 children with pediatric migraine and 32 healthy peers. Comparisons were also made on psychological measures investigating anxiety. RESULTS Children with migraine exhibited a significantly higher pulse rate compared to comparison children at rest, and higher diastolic blood pressure and higher low-frequency/high-frequency ratio after a 5-min recovery from an emotional stressor. Additionally, when anxiety was entered as a covariate, group differences after the 5-min recovery period were no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that relative to comparison children, children with migraine exhibit some physiological elevation at rest, as well as a prolonged physiological recovery period after an emotional stressor. Group differences after the 5-min recovery period suggest that children with migraine experience delayed sympathetic hyperarousal and prolonged sympathovagal imbalance. The treatment implications of these findings are discussed.
Relation of Depression and Anxiety to Personal and Academic Problems among Iranian College Students

This study investigated the role of anxiety and depression in students' adjustment to family and campus life. The Cognition Checklist and a problem questionnaire were given to 1,452 college students (998 men, 454 women). Analysis showed that off-campus students were significantly less depressed and anxious. These college students were worried about jobs and marriage. Feelings of anxiousness and worry were reported; sex differences on depression scores were not significant.
The Winged-Helix Protein Brain Factor 1 Interacts with Groucho and Hes Proteins To Repress Transcription

ABSTRACT Brain factor 1 (BF-1) is a winged-helix transcriptional repressor that plays important roles in both progenitor cell differentiation and regional patterning in the mammalian telencephalon. The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying BF-1 functions. It is shown here that BF-1 interacts in vivo with global transcriptional corepressors of the Groucho family and also associates with the histone deacetylase 1 protein. The ability of BF-1 to mediate transcriptional repression is promoted by Groucho and inhibited by the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A, suggesting that BF-1 recruits Groucho and histone deacetylase activities to repress transcription. Our studies also provide the first demonstration that Groucho mediates a specific interaction between BF-1 and the basic helix-loop-helix protein Hes1 and that BF-1 potentiates transcriptional repression by Hes1 in a Groucho-dependent manner. These findings suggest that Groucho participates in the transcriptional functions of BF-1 by acting as both a corepressor and an adapter between BF-1 and Hes1. Taken together with the demonstration that these proteins are coexpressed in telencephalic neural progenitor cells, these results also suggest that complexes of BF-1, Groucho, and Hes factors may be involved in the regulation of progenitor cell differentiation in the telencephalon.
ROCK Inhibitor Enhances Adhesion and Wound Healing of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells

Maintenance of corneal transparency is crucial for vision and depends mainly on the endothelium, a non-proliferative monolayer of cells covering the inner part of the cornea. When endothelial cell density falls below a critical threshold, the barrier and “pump” functions of the endothelium are compromised which results in corneal oedema and loss of visual acuity. The conventional treatment for such severe disorder is corneal graft. Unfortunately, there is a worldwide shortage of donor corneas, necessitating amelioration of tissue survival and storage after harvesting. Recently it was reported that the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 promotes adhesion, inhibits apoptosis, increases the number of proliferating monkey corneal endothelial cells in vitro and enhance corneal endothelial wound healing both in vitro and in vivo in animal models. Using organ culture human cornea (N = 34), the effect of ROCK inhibitor was evaluated in vitro and ex vivo. Toxicity, corneal endothelial cell density, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell morphometry, adhesion and wound healing process were evaluated by live/dead assay standard cell counting method, EdU labelling, Ki67, Caspase3, Zo-1 and Actin immunostaining. We demonstrated for the first time in human corneal endothelial cells ex vivo and in vitro, that ROCK inhibitor did not induce any toxicity effect and did not alter cell viability. ROCK inhibitor treatment did not induce human corneal endothelial cells proliferation. However, ROCK inhibitor significantly enhanced adhesion and wound healing. The present study shows that the selective ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 has no effect on human corneal endothelial cells proliferative capacities, but alters cellular behaviours. It induces changes in cell shape, increases cell adhesion and enhances wound healing ex vivo and in vitro. Its absence of toxicity, as demonstrated herein, is relevant for its use in human therapy.
Comparative safety of anesthetic type for hip fracture surgery in adults: retrospective cohort study

Objective To evaluate the effect of anesthesia type on the risk of in-hospital mortality among adults undergoing hip fracture surgery in the United States. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Premier research database, United States. Participants 73 284 adults undergoing hip fracture surgery on hospital day 2 or greater between 2007 and 2011. Of those, 61 554 (84.0%) received general anesthesia, 6939 (9.5%) regional anesthesia, and 4791 (6.5%) combined general and regional anesthesia. Main outcome measure In-hospital all cause mortality. Results In-hospital deaths occurred in 1362 (2.2%) patients receiving general anesthesia, 144 (2.1%) receiving regional anesthesia, and 115 (2.4%) receiving combined anesthesia. In the multivariable adjusted analysis, when compared with general anesthesia the mortality risk did not differ significantly between regional anesthesia (risk ratio 0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.78 to 1.11) or combined anesthesia (1.00, 0.82 to 1.22). A mixed effects analysis accounting for differences between hospitals produced similar results: compared with general anesthesia the risk from regional anesthesia was 0.91 (0.75 to 1.10) and from combined anesthesia was 0.98 (0.79 to 1.21). Findings were also consistent in subgroup analyses. Conclusions In this large nationwide sample of hospital admissions, mortality risk did not differ significantly by anesthesia type among patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Our results suggest that if the previously posited beneficial effect of regional anesthesia on short term mortality exists, it is likely to be more modest than previously reported.
The World at Her Fingertips?: Examining the Empowerment Potential of Mobile Phones among Poor Housewives in Sri Lanka

Abstract Over the past couple of decades, mobile phones have penetrated Sri Lanka at an unprecedented rate. The rate of adoption of cell phones in the country has been remarkably fast, and not gradual as in other nations. Yet, examination of the developmental impact of mobile phones has drawn surprisingly little attention in Sri Lanka. Therefore, this article attempts to investigate the empowering effect of mobile phones on dependent housewives in poor households of the country by using a mixed research method. Our research found that access to mobile phones was certainly empowering for these women: mobile phones unequivocally strengthened and expanded their social circle and support networks; they led them to domesticate technology, thus challenging negative societal attitudes toward women as technologically incompetent and timid; they reduced women’s information poverty; and opened them up to a newer, non-traditional fun space, which was a clear manifestation of choice and power. However, the women’s use of mobile phones was largely controlled within the household, mainly because they did not have their own income to maintain the phones, thus underlining the need for their financial autonomy. Those women who owned their mobile phones had more control over them than those who lacked legal ownership. To conclude, mobile phones can play a significant role in empowering poor women in Sri Lanka, and can be considered as a tool in the policy agenda for women’s empowerment by the government.
On the nature of corporate capital structure persistence and convergence *

Lemmon, Roberts, and Zender (2008) provide evidence suggesting that corporate capital structures are surprisingly persistent; that firm fixed effects account for a significant portion of the observed variation in corporate capital structures; and that there is a pattern of convergence of corporate capital structures over event time. We argue that Lemmon, Roberts, and Zender’s evidence is consistent with corporate capital structures following a nonlinear process, dictated in part by the definition of capital structure and in part by the growth pattern of firms. We find evidence consistent with these arguments. Specifically, we provide evidence that corporate capital structures follow a nonlinear process that is also followed by their determinants and that unobserved firm heterogeneity (fixed effects) is less important and prior explanatory variables are more important than suggested by Lemmon, Roberts, and Zender’s evidence.
Haloferax volcanii twin‐arginine translocation substates include secreted soluble, C‐terminally anchored and lipoproteins

Recent in silico and in vivo studies have suggested that the majority of proteins destined for secretion in the haloarchaea are trafficked through the twin‐arginine translocation (Tat) pathway. The presence of lipobox motifs in most haloarchaeal Tat signal sequences is intriguing as: (i) bioinformatic searches of archaeal genomes have not identified lipoprotein biogenesis enzymes and (ii) there are no known Tat substrates containing both a twin‐arginine and a bona fide lipobox. We have examined six computationally designated Tat substrates in the haloarchaeon Haloferax volcanii to verify previous computational predictions and to initiate studies of lipoprotein biogenesis via the Tat pathway. Our results confirmed that the six candidate proteins were not only Tat substrates, but also belonged to diverse classes of secretory proteins. Analysis of predicted lipoprotein Tat substrates revealed that they are anchored to the archaeal membrane in a cysteine‐dependent manner. Interestingly, despite the absence of an archaeal lipoprotein signal peptidase II (SPase II) homologue, the SPase II inhibitor globomycin impeded cell growth and specifically prevented maturation of lipoproteins. Together, this work not only represents the first experimental demonstration of a lipoprotein Tat substrate, but also indicates the presence of an unidentified lipoprotein biogenesis pathway in archaea.
Characteristics of Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), Infestation and Dispersal in a High-Rise Apartment Building

ABSTRACT Bed bugs, Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), are a fast-growing urban pest of significant public health importance in the United States and many other countries. Yet, there is very little field research on the ecology of this pest due to its near absence in the United States and most developed nations for several decades. We investigated characteristics of the bed bug infestation and dispersal in a 223-unit high-rise apartment building through visual inspections, intercepting devices, and resident and staff interviews between December 2008 and April 2009. The following results were obtained: 1) 101 apartments (45% of the high-rise building complex) experienced bed bug infestations (within 41 mo of the first confirmed introduction), 2) 78% of the bed bugs trapped were nymphs, 3) an average of six bed bugs were detected dispersing through apartment entry doors every 4 wk, 4) adult bed bugs were 9 times more likely to disperse than nymphs, 5) 53% of apartments adjacent to infested apartments also were infested, and 6) 50% of the interviewed residents who had infestations were unaware of the bed bugs in their apartments. In addition to active dispersal, several passive bed bug dispersal mechanisms were observed: bringing bed bug-infested furniture into the building, travel, resident turnover, resident visits, and use of a bed bug-infested wheelchair in building common areas. These findings validate an urgent need for public education, early detection, and adoption of more effective bed bug monitoring and intervention programs to curb the exploding problem of bed bug infestations.
Hypoxia promotes oxidative base modifications in the pulmonary artery endothelial cell VEGF gene

Hypoxia, a stimulus for angiogenesis and vascular remodeling, has been proposed to use reactive oxygen species as second messengers in signal transduction. This contention remains controversial, in part because of vagaries associated with fluorescence‐based methods of free‐radical detection. We took a different approach. Rat main pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) were cultured in hypoxia for up to 48 h, and, with dichlorofluorescein fluorescence to detect free‐radical production, we used quantitative Southern blot and ligation‐mediated PCR analyses to search for oxidative modifications in the mitochondrial genome and in the nuclear vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) gene. In accord with previous studies in other cell types, we found that acute hypoxic exposure promoted time‐dependent dichlorofluorescein fluorescence in PAECs. Quantitative Southern blot analysis showed that although hypoxia failed to alter mitochondrial DNA integrity, prominent oxidative lesions occurred in a 5.0‐kb sequence of the VEGF promoter. Using ligation‐mediated PCR to map the modifications at single nucleotide resolution, we found clusters of oxidized bases in a VEGF promoter sequence that included the AP‐1 and HIF‐1 response elements. These actions of hypoxia differed from exogenous xanthine oxidase, which obliterated the mitochondrial genome but failed to erode integrity of the VEGF promoter. Our observations indicate that hypoxia promotes an oxidant stress in main PAECs as detected by oxidative base modifications in the nuclear VEGF gene. The presence of hypoxia‐induced, oxidative base modifications in functionally significant sequences within the VEGF promoter suggests new concepts for mechanisms by which reactive oxygen species participate in hypoxic signal transduction.