Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glycemic Variability and Mortality in Critically 111 Patients: The Impact of Diabetes

Background: Glycemic variability (GV) has recently been associated with mortality in critically ill patients. The impact of diabetes or its absence on GV as a risk factor for mortality is unknown. Methods: A total of 4084 adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients admitted between October 15, 1999, and June 30, 2009, with at least three central laboratory measurements of venous glucose samples during ICU stay were studied retrospectively. The patients were analyzed according to treatment era and presence or absence of diabetes: 1460 admitted before February 1, 2003, when there was no specific treatment protocol for hyperglycemia (“PRE”) and 2624 patients admitted after a glycemic control protocol was instituted (“GC”). 3142 were patients without diabetes (“NON”), and 942 were patients with diabetes (“DM”). The coefficient of variation (CV) [standard deviation (SD)/mean glucose level (MGL)] of each patient was used as a measure of GV. Patients were grouped by MGL (mg/dl) during ICU stay (70–99, 100–119, 120–139, 140–179, and 180+) as well as by CV (<15%, 15–30%, 30–50%, and 50%+). Results: Patients with diabetes had higher MGL, SD, and CV than did NON (p < .0001 for all comparisons). Mean glucose level was lower among both GC groups compared to their corresponding PRE groups (p < .0001), but CV did not change significantly between eras. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that low CV was independently associated with decreased risk of mortality and high CV was independently associated with increased risk of mortality among NON PRE and GC patients, even after exclusion of patients with severe (<40 mg/dl) or moderate (40–59 mg/dl) hypoglycemia. There was no association between CV and mortality among DM using the same multivariable model. Mortality among NON from the entire cohort, with MGL 70–99 mg/dl during ICU stay, was 10.2% for patients with CV < 15% versus 58.3% for those with CV 50%+; for NON with MGL 100–119 mg/dl, corresponding rates were 10.6% and 55.6%. Conclusions: Low GV during ICU stay was associated with increased survival among NON, and high GV was associated with increased mortality, even after adjustment for severity of illness. There was no independent association of GV with mortality among DM. Attempts to minimize GV may have a significant beneficial impact on outcomes of critically ill patients without diabetes.
Effects of Social-Comparative Memory Feedback on Eyewitnesses' Identification Confidence, Suggestibility, and Retrospective Memory Reports

In 2 experiments, college students watched a videotaped theft and either recounted it orally or completed an objective memory test about it. Later, some eyewitnesses received either positive or negative feedback about these memory reports, suggesting a cowitness's report agreed or disagreed with theirs or that they had better or worse memory accuracy than most cowitnesses. Feedback influenced a number of subsequent memory-related responses. Witnesses who had received positive (vs. no) memory feedback later evinced heightened suggestibility in terms of accepting misinformation embedded in a memory interview and made identifications more confidently, quickly, and (in one condition) accurately. Witnesses who had received negative memory feedback evinced heightened suggestibility, made identifications less confidently, and recalled the witnessing and identification experience as involving poorer conditions for memory. Feedback appears to influence the overall self-credibility of memory, thereby altering confidence in both the feedback-specific memory and other aspects of memory for the event.
Outage Capacity of Rayleigh Product Channels: a Free Probability Approach

The Rayleigh product channel model is useful in capturing the performance degradation due to rank deficiency of MIMO channels. In this paper, such a performance degradation is investigated via the channel outage probability assuming slowly varying channel with delay-constrained decoding. Using techniques of free probability theory, the asymptotic variance of channel capacity is derived when the dimensions of the channel matrices approach infinity. In this asymptotic regime, the channel capacity is rigorously proven to be Gaussian distributed. Using the obtained results, a fundamental tradeoff between multiplexing gain and diversity gain of Rayleigh product channels can be characterized by closed-form expression at any finite signal-to-noise ratio. Numerical results are provided to compare the relative outage performance between Rayleigh product channels and conventional Rayleigh MIMO channels.
The benefits of positive illusions: Idealization and the construction of satisfaction in close relationships.

It is proposed that satisfaction is associated with idealistic, rather than realistic, perceptions of one's partner. To provide baselines for assessing relationship illusions, both members of married and dating heterosexual couples were asked to rate themselves and their partners on a variety of interpersonal attributes. Participants also rated the typical and ideal partner on these attributes. Path analyses revealed that individuals' impressions of their partners were more a mirror of their self-images and ideals than a reflection of their partners' self-reported attributes. Overall, intimates saw their partners in a more positive light than their partners saw themselves. Furthermore, these idealized constructions predicted greater satisfaction. Individuals were happier in their relationships when they idealized their partners and their partners idealized them. Taken together, these results suggest that a certain degree of idealization or illusion may be a critical feature of satisfying dating and even marital relationships. In the case of love, realities model themselves enthusiastically on one's desires. it is the passion in which violent desire is most completely satisfied. (Beyle Stendhal, De L'Amour) As Stendhal's musings in De L'Amour illustrate, people immersed in the experience of romantic love often appear to bend reality to the will of their hopes and desires. Rather than being constrained by the sometimes-disappointing reality of their partners' actual attributes, individuals may view their partners through the rosy niters provided by images of ideal partners. Within such idealized constructions, intimates may even see virtues in one another's apparent faults. For example, individuals may preserve feelings of confidence in their romantic relationships—in the face of the doubts posed by a partner's failings—by weaving stories that depict such faults in the best possible light (Murray & Holmes, 1993,1994).
Sports-events, tourism and destination marketing strategies: an Australian case study of Athens 2004 and its media telecast

Abstract The focus of this study was the media telecast of the Athens 2004 Summer Olympic Games. The study explored the efficacy of the Australian telecast in developing positive perceptions and attitudes of Greece as a tourist destination and was origin-based—in that a survey was undertaken of a sample of Australian residents (n = 350). Participants were segmented based on their post-consumption perceptions of Greece. Four segments were identified and labelled—‘extremely positive’ (n = 75), ‘highly positive’ (n = 153), ‘positive’ (n = 83) and ‘negative’ (n = 29). Statistical differences were found between the segments based on whether attitudes towards Greece had improved as a result of their consumption of the media telecast of the Athens 2004 Olympic Games (Athens 2004). To gain insights into this phenomenon, open-ended responses provided by segment members were then analysed. Across the sample, 38.7% of respondents indicated that their overall attitude towards Greece as tourist destination changed as a result of their consumption of the telecast of Athens 2004. Considering that the attitudes of participants in the current study improved, not as a result of first-hand experiences at the destination, but as a result of their vicarious experiences of the destination through consumption of a media telecast of a special event, the results provide insights to the efficacy of this particular telecast in developing positive attitudes with regard to Greece as a tourist destination. The results of this study could be used a benchmark for future event-related destination marketing strategies. Similarities and differences emerged between the segments with regard to the reasons as to why members of each of the clusters attitudes towards Greece as a tourist destination had improved as a result of their consumption of the telecast. While their responses appeared to be similar, the frequency in which the concepts emerged for each of the segments varied intensity. The key issues that emerged for the four clusters were the appearance of Greece; culture and history of Greece; capacity, or ‘hostability’, of Greece to stage the Athens 2004; and infrastructure in Greece.
Development of a Strategy for Selective Collection of a Parasitoid Attacking One Member of a Large Herbivore Guild

Abstract Selectively collecting a single natural enemy species that parasitizes one member of a guild of herbivores that attack the same host plants can be a challenging problem during development of biological control programs. We present here a successful strategy for the collection of a strain of the egg parasitoid Avetianella longoi Siscaro (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), that parasitizes eggs of the longhorned borer Phoracantha recurva Newman (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). This cerambycid is one member of a large guild of woodborers that simultaneously infest dying and fallen Eucalyptus in Australia, and it has become a major pest of Eucalyptus in many areas of the world where Eucalyptus has been introduced. Adult P. recurva of both sexes were caged on freshly cut Eucalyptus logs, and the resulting egg masses were marked and then left exposed to natural parasitization in the field. Parasitized egg masses were then harvested and held in the laboratory until adult parasitoids emerged. Parasitoids were identified as A. longoi by morphological comparisons with reference specimens, and with molecular markers. This strain of A. longoi readily accepted and had high survival rates in eggs of P. recurva. In contrast, the strain of A. longoi that has been used for biological control of P. semipunctata in California since the 1990s strongly prefers eggs of eucalyptus longhorned borer, Phoracantha semipunctata (F.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), and has relatively low rates of survival to adulthood in eggs of P. recurva. The causes of these behavioral and physiological differences between the two strains are not yet known.
Eating disorders in white and black women.

OBJECTIVE Epidemiological studies of eating disorders in the United States have focused on white women and girls, and the prevalence of eating disorders in ethnic minority groups is unknown. This study examined the prevalence of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder in a geographically and economically diverse community sample of young white and black women who previously participated in the 10-year National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Growth and Health Study. METHOD All NHLBI Growth and Health Study participants were recruited for this study. A two-stage case finding method was used, consisting of a telephone screening (sensitivity=0.90, specificity=0.98) and an in-person confirmatory diagnostic interview. RESULTS A total of 86.0% of the original NHLBI Growth and Health Study cohort participated, including 985 white women (mean age=21.3) and 1,061 black women (mean age=21.5). Fifteen white (1.5%) and no black women met lifetime criteria for anorexia nervosa; more white women (N=23, 2.3%) than black women (N=4, 0.4%) met criteria for bulimia nervosa; binge eating disorder also was more common among white women (N=27, 2.7%) than black women (N=15, 1.4%). Few women (white: N=16, 28.1%; black: N=1, 5.3%) ever had received treatment for an eating disorder. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that eating disorders, especially anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, are more common among white women than among black women. The low treatment rates in both groups suggest that health professionals need to be more alert to the possibility of eating disorders in women.
Hantaviruses in Estonia

Human serum samples collected from healthy individuals in 14 counties were screened by ELISA in order to investigate the presence of hantavirus infections in Estonia. Out of 1,234 serum samples, 124 were found positive for hantavirus‐specific IgG and were subsequently serotyped by a focus reduction neutralization test. A total of 112 samples neutralized at least one of the examined hantaviruses—Puumala (PUUV), Saaremaa (SAAV), Dobrava (DOBV), Hantaan, and Seoul viruses—and thereby, the focus reduction neutralization test confirmed the overall hantavirus seroprevalence rate in Estonia to be 9.1%. Most of the sera showed a specific reaction (at least 4‐fold higher endpoint titer) of neutralizing antibodies to PUUV (5.1%), while 3.4% showed a SAAV‐ or SAAV/DOBV‐specific reaction. The fact that seven sera (0.6%) could not be serotyped may indicate the presence of an unknown hantavirus serotype. Hantavirus infections were confirmed in 13 of 14 investigated counties, with highly varying seroprevalence rates (1.0–28.4%). The sex ratio was 1.8:1.0 (M:F), and the antibody prevalence peaked in the age group 45–54 years. A total of 513 rodents of seven species trapped in seven counties were examined for the presence of hantavirus antigen, in order to study the distribution of hantavirus natural carriers. Two species, Clethrionomys glareolus and Apodemus agrarius, were found positive for hantaviral antigen in 13.7% and 4.5% of the investigated rodents, respectively. Analyses of viral sequences recovered from infected C. glareolus tissue samples showed that the infecting virus belonged to the PUUV genotype, confirming that PUUV circulates in mainland Estonia. The Estonian PUUV strains were placed in the closest proximity to Russian PUUV strains in phylogenetic trees, suggesting a common evolutionary history. Together with earlier data on SAAV in A. agrarius, the results revealed that two hantaviruses, PUUV and SAAV, are common in Estonia and that the incidence of human infection is high in both cases. J. Med. Virol. 68:589–598, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What Should Intelligence Tests Test? Implications of a Triarchic Theory of Intelligence for Intelligence Testing

IQ tests work only for some people some of the time. This assertion is an inescapable conclusion of the fact that "it is unusual for a validity coefficient to rise above . 60, though that is far from perfect prediction" (Cronbach, 1970, p. 135). This situation has not really changed over many years: In reviewing the literature on test validities, Ghiselli (1966) found validities had changed little over the years in which aptitude tests had been used as predictors of academic and job performance. And the value of . 60 is
c‐Maf interacts with c‐Myb to down‐regulate Bcl‐2 expression and increase apoptosis in peripheral CD4 cells

The transcription factor c‐Maf is critical for IL‐4 production and the development of Th2 cells, which promote humoral immunity and protect against extracellular parasites. Yet, little else is known of c‐Maf function in CD4 cells. Here, we identify a novel role for c‐Maf in regulating susceptibility to apoptosis. Overexpression of c‐Maf results in increased susceptibility of CD4 cells to apoptosis induced by multiple stimuli, including growth factor withdrawal, dexamethasone, irradiation, and TCR engagement. This effect is independent of Fas or p53; however, Bcl‐2 expression is reduced in c‐Maf Tg CD4 cells. Immunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses demonstrate that c‐Maf–c‐Myb complex formation is enhanced among T cells from c‐Maf Tg mice compared to non‐Tg littermates following TCR engagement. Unlike non‐Tg T cells, c‐Myb binding to the Bcl‐2 promoter is not detectable in c‐Maf Tg T cells by chromatin immunoprecipitation. In reporter assays, Bcl‐2 promoter activity is reduced by c‐Maf in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, transgene‐mediated Bcl‐2 expression corrects the apoptosis defect observed among c‐Maf Tg CD4 cells. These data suggest that c‐Maf can interact with c‐Myb to reduce Bcl‐2 expression, thereby limiting CD4 cell survival following TCR engagement.
Outreach to Multiethnic, Multicultural, and Multilingual Women for Breast Cancer and Cervical Cancer Education and Screening: A Model Using Professional and Volunteer Staffing

Reaching low-income women from diverse ethnic and cultural communities for the purpose of breast and cervical cancer education and screening is a challenge. This article describes an approach used by Center for Healthy Aging in Santa Monica, California, to implement three projects aimed at Hispanic and African American women to encourage early intervention behaviors. Hispanic and African American volunteers and professional staff work together to establish trusting relationships, join forces with community leaders and develop collaborative approaches to achieve the goal of screening about 1,000 underserved women annually and providing education for an additional 5,000 women. Incorporated in the article are lessons learned about working with this population, the communities in which they live and the use of volunteers for these and other projects.
A Holistic Self-Calibration Algorithm for $xy$  Precision Metrology Systems

Self-calibration technology is an important approach with the utilization of an artifact plate with mark positions that are not precisely known to calibrate the precision metrology system. In this paper, we study the self-calibration of xy precision metrology systems and present a holistic self-calibration algorithm based on the least squares method. The proposed strategy utilizes three traditional measurement views of an artifact plate on the xy metrology stage and provides relevant symmetry, transitivity, and redundancy. The misalignment errors of all measurement views, particularly errors of the translation view, are totally determined by detailed mathematical manipulations. Consequently, a least-squares-based robust estimation law is synthesized to calculate the stage error even under the existence of random measurement noise. Computer simulation validates that the proposed method can accurately realize the stage error when there is no random measurement noise. Furthermore, the calculation accuracy of the proposed scheme under various random measurement noises is studied, and the results verify that the proposed algorithm can effectively attenuate the effects of random measurement noise. The proposed strategy, in fact, provides a well-understood solution to the xy self-calibration problem for engineers in practical applications.
Student‐Faculty Research: Collaboration in a Liberal Arts College

Doing field research as an undergraduate, mentored by my professor, sold me on anthropology as a career. Consequently, I have been convinced that the experience of field research is nearly essential for learning to use anthropology, whether in an academic or non-academic context. My purpose in this essay is three-fold: (1) to sketch a narrative of some of the ways I have encountered and developed opportunities for research collaboration with my students and former students, (2) to outline the differences I see between the role relations of student-teacher and research collaborator-mentor and (3) to elaborate on some of the roles of the researcher in relation to the wider community.
Trends of Suicidal Poisoning in Ahmadabad - A Retrospective Study

The suicide rate in India is 10.3. In the last three decades, the suicide rate has increased by 43% but the male female ratio has been stable at 1.4: 1. Majority (71%) of suicide in India are by persons below the age of 44 years which imposes a huge social, emotional and economic burden. Several studies reveal that suicidal behaviours are much more prevalent than what is officially reported. (1) Poisoning, hanging and self immolation (particularly women) were the methods to commit suicide. Physical and mental illness, disturbed interpersonal relationships and economic difficulties were the major reasons for suicide. The vulnerable population was found to be women, students, farmers etc. A social and public health response in addition to a mental health response is crucial to prevent suicidal behaviour in India.
The evolution of the technological ecosystems: an architectural proposal to enhancing learning processes

Currently, there exist very powerful Open Source software applications that cover most of the ICT needs of any institution, both for its operation and internal processes management. In this context, the technological effort of companies and institutions is not in the development of new software tools but to create their own technological ecosystem using available software components. This paper presents an architectural pattern to implement learning technological ecosystems with the ability to adapt to the changing requirements of the organizations.
Life History and Identity

This article uses the life history method to chronicle the challenges of a low-income, first-generation student en route to college. The paper addresses three questions: how Manuel navigates college and related topics such as roommates, family, and money; how he creates social networks; and how he works with adults such as teachers and administrators. These questions help demonstrate how a student’s identity changes during the first year of college and how social capital functions in his life. The goal of the article is to further our understanding about social capital and the role it plays in the identity formation of an adolescent.
[Application of vestibular autorotation test in diagnosis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo].

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of vestibular autorotation test in the diagnosis of BPPV. METHOD VAT and caloric test were performed on 41 patients with BPPV. VAT results were analyzed according to the affected semicircular canal. RESULT Results of VAT were abnormal in 34 (82.93%) patients with BPPV. Fourteen cases were found with abnormal vertical phase, 1 case with abnormal vertical gain in a total of 21 vertical semicircular canal BPPV patients. Six cases with abnormal horizontal phase lead, 5 cases with abnormal horizontal gain, 2 cases with asymmetry were found in 12 patients with horizontal semicircular canal BPPV. Phase lead was abnormal in all frequencies in 4 patients, and in 2-3 Hz in 21 patients. 24 (58.54%) patients showed abnormal canal paresis (CP) and direction preference (DP) in caloric test. CONCLUSION VAT can indicate information of vestibular function in both vertical and horizontal semicircular canal. Phase of VAT is constantly enhanced in BPPV, especially in 2-3 Hz. As the supplement of caloric test, VAT may prove helpful in assessment of semicircular canal function.