Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are Argumentative People Better or Worse at Seeing Both Sides?

This study investigated the relationship between argumentativeness and perspective taking in interpersonal conflicts. Previous research suggests that those high in argumentativeness may be more open-minded and able to see both sides of an argument than those low in argumentativeness. However, their chronic motivation to argue may lead them to respond less evenhandedly to arguments in which they possess a strong personal preference. Participants high and low in argumentativeness responded open-endedly to two conflicts differing in degree of personal preference. High argumentatives were more evenhanded in the low-preference conflict than were low argumentatives, but less evenhanded in the high-preference conflict. Results highlight the importance of underlying preferences and motivations in perspective taking, as well as the importance of underlying mechanisms for predicting situation–personality interactions.
Modeling malware propagation in complex networks based on cellular automata

In this paper, based on cellular automata, two models of malware propagation are proposed to evaluate the probabilistic behavior of malware propagation in complex networks. The proposed models can be applied to all kinds of topological networks, such as exponential networks and power law networks and can describe effectively the spatial-temporal process of malware propagation. Through the analysis and simulations, we obtain some useful results, which can better understand malware propagation and develop effective countermeasures in complex networks.
Child Sexual Abuse - a Study of Controversy and Construction

In this article we focus on the construction of and controversy surrounding child sexual abuse as a social problem in the Swedish context. Using concepts and approaches from the field of science studies, we investigate how the problem has been introduced to the public and by whom We identify what we call a knowledge-based controversy. The frequency of child sexual abuse, the methods of diagnosing it, and the role of the investigator are highly disputed It would appear that clinical child psychologists are especially engaged in this problem construction as well as in controversy with other professionals. Different strategies are chosen in order to increase professional legitimacy, and exclude others' claims to expertise on the subject. Our conclusion is that at present there is no indication that psychologists have reached a more comprehensive experience and/or unified knowledge of child sexual abuse than any competing professional group dealing with the issue
Loving-Kindness Meditation and the Broaden-and-Build Theory of Positive Emotions Among Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Background:Loving-kindness meditation (LKM) is a practice intended to enhance feelings of kindness and compassion for self and others. Objectives:To assess whether participation in a 12-week course of LKM for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with improved positive emotions, decentering, and personal resources. Research Design:In an open-pilot trial, veterans were assessed at baseline, after the course, and 3 months later. Effect sizes were calculated from baseline to each follow-up point for each construct of interest. Measures were chosen as an initial investigation of the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. Subjects:A total of 42 veterans with active PTSD (40% female) participated. Measures:Emotions, decentering, psychological wellbeing including autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations, purpose in life, self-acceptance, and sense of social support were measured at each time point. Results:Significant increases in unactivated pleasant (d=0.73), but not activated pleasant, emotions were found over time. Activated and unactivated unpleasant emotions decreased over time (d=−0.69 and −0.53, respectively). There were also increases in environmental mastery (d=0.61), personal growth (d=0.54), purpose in life (d=0.71), self-acceptance (d=0.68), and decentering (d=0.96) at 3-month follow-up. Conclusions:Overall, positive emotions increased, and enhancement of personal resources occurred over time. Further investigation of LKM for PTSD is warranted.
POSSIBLE EGGSAC DEFENSE BEHAVIORS IN THE SPIDER ULOBORUS GLOMOSUS (ARANEAE: ULOBORIDAE)*

Adult female Uloborus glomosus (Walckenaer) (Uloboridae) deposit their stellate eggsacs in a chain that grows inward along a radius from the perimeter of their horizontal orb-webs. Spiderlings emerge first from the most peripheral eggsac such that late in the reproductive season a female may tend a chain of several eggsacs, the outermost (oldest) two or three of which are vacant. Adult females without eggsacs often show active responses to disturbance (jumping from the web, shaking the web, or moving to the edge of the web), whereas those with eggsac chains in their webs remain aligned with their eggsacs throughout the day and remain in position next to the eggsacs when disturbed (Opell and Eberhard 1984, Cushing and Opell in press; Fig. 1). Cushing (1988) suggests that the stick-like appearance of a female aligned with an eggsac chain may protect a female from visually hunting predators. However, this tending behavior also places the female in a position to guard her eggsacs by warding off egg predators and parasitoids. The purpose of this study is to determine if, while tending eggsacs, female U. glomosus exhibit unique behaviors that actively deter egg parasitoids and predators. Uloboridae eggsacs are known to host three genera of hymenopteran parasitoids and predators: Idris (Scelionidae), Eurytoma (Eurytomidae), and Arachnopteromalus (Pteromalidae) (Austin 1985). Arachnopteromalus dasys Gordh was originally collected from the eggsacs of the uloborid Octonoba sinensis (Simon) (= Uloborus octonarius Muma) (Gordh 1976). I have since collected this species from the eggsacs of U. glomosus in Montgomery County, Virginia (Fig. 2). Therefore, the potential exists for the development of behavioral adaptations against eggsac parasitism.
Aberrant Synaptic Activation of N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptors Underlies Ethanol Withdrawal Hyperexcitability

Chronic ethanol exposure may induce neuroadaptive responses in N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which are thought to underlie a variety of alcohol-related brain disorders. Here, we demonstrate that hyperexcitability triggered by withdrawal from chronic ethanol exposure is associated with increases in both synaptic NMDA receptor expression and activation. Withdrawal from chronic ethanol exposure (75 mM ethanol, 5–9 days) elicited robust and prolonged epileptiform activity in CA1 pyramidal neurons from hippocampal explants, which was absolutely dependent upon NMDA receptor activation but independent of chronic inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA). Analysis of Sr2+-supported asynchronous NMDA receptor-mediated miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) was employed to assess changes in NMDA neurotransmission. After chronic exposure, ethanol withdrawal was associated with an increase in mEPSC amplitude 3.38-fold over that after withdrawal from acute ethanol exposure. Analysis of paired evoked α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid EPSCs and spontaneous mEPSCs indicated that withdrawal after chronic exposure was also associated with a selective increase in action potential evoked but not spontaneous transmitter release probability. Immunoblot analysis revealed significant increases in total NR1, NR2A, and NR2B subunit expression after chronic exposure and unaffected by PKA-inhibition manner. Confocal imaging studies indicate that increased NR1 subunit expression was associated with increased density of NR1 expression on dendrites in parallel with a selective increase in the size of NR1 puncta on dendritic spines. Therefore, neuroadaptation to chronic ethanol exposure in NMDA synaptic transmission is responsible for aberrant network excitability after withdrawal and results from changes in both postsynaptic function as well as presynaptic release.
What Concerns do Young Adults in Ireland Have about Attending Health Services for STD Testing?

Thirty Irish young adults (between eighteen and twenty-nine years of age) were interviewed about their experiences of accessing and attending healthcare settings for STD (sexually transmitted disease) testing. Four principle themes emerged: the risk of stigma as a result of seeking STD testing; the need to engage in impression management activities while accessing information about STD testing; the importance of using healthcare settings that supported rather than undermined impression management attempts; and identity risks experienced while waiting in clinic reception areas. Findings are discussed in relation to previous research on this topic.
K-Band Properties of Galaxy Clusters and Groups: Luminosity Function, Radial Distribution, and Halo Occupation Number

We explore the near-infrared (NIR) K-band properties of galaxies within 93 galaxy clusters and groups using data from the Two Micron All Sky Survey. We use X-ray properties of these clusters to pinpoint cluster centers and estimate cluster masses. By stacking all these systems, we study the shape of the cluster luminosity function and the galaxy distribution within the clusters. We find that the galaxy profile is well described by the Navarro, Frenk, & White (NFW) profile with a concentration parameter c ~ 3, with no evidence for cluster mass dependence of the concentration. Using this sample, whose masses span the range from 3 × 1013 to 2 × 1015 M☉, we confirm the existence of a tight correlation between total galaxy NIR luminosity and cluster binding mass, which indicates that NIR light can serve as a cluster mass indicator. From the observed galaxy profile, together with cluster mass profile measurements from the literature, we find that the mass-to-light ratio is a weakly decreasing function of cluster radius and that it increases with cluster mass. We also derive the mean number of galaxies within halos of a given mass, the halo occupation number. We find that the mean number scales as N ∝ M0.84±0.04 for galaxies brighter than MK = -21, indicating that high-mass clusters have fewer galaxies per unit mass than low-mass clusters. Using published observations at high redshift, we show that higher redshift clusters have higher mean occupation numbers than nearby systems of the same mass. By comparing the luminosity function and radial distribution of galaxies in low-mass and high-mass clusters, we show that there is a marked decrease in the number density of galaxies fainter than M* as one moves to higher mass clusters; in addition, extremely luminous galaxies are more probable in high-mass clusters. We explore several processes, including tidal interactions and merging, as a way of explaining the variation in galaxy population with cluster mass.
Familial Young-Onset Diabetes, Pre-Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Are Associated with Genetic Variants of DACH1 in Chinese

In Asia, young-onset type 2 diabetes (YOD) is characterized by obesity and increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). In a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 99 Chinese obese subjects with familial YOD diagnosed before 40-year-old and 101 controls, the T allele of rs1408888 in intron 1 of DACH1(Dachshund homolog 1) was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.49(95% confidence intervals:1.57–3.96, P = 8.4×10−5). Amongst these subjects, we found reduced expression of DACH1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 63 cases compared to 65 controls (P = 0.02). In a random cohort of 1468 cases and 1485 controls, amongst top 19 SNPs from GWAS, rs1408888 was associated with type 2 diabetes with a global P value of 0.0176 and confirmation in a multiethnic Asian case-control cohort (7370/7802) with an OR of 1.07(1.02–1.12, Pmeta = 0.012). In 599 Chinese non-diabetic subjects, rs1408888 was linearly associated with systolic blood pressure and insulin resistance. In a case-control cohort (n = 953/953), rs1408888 was associated with an OR of 1.54(1.07–2.22, P = 0.019) for CVD in type 2 diabetes. In an autopsy series of 173 non-diabetic cases, TT genotype of rs1408888 was associated with an OR of 3.31(1.19–9.19, P = 0.0214) and 3.27(1.25–11.07, P = 0.0184) for coronary heart disease (CHD) and coronary arteriosclerosis. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that rs1408888 lies within regulatory elements of DACH1 implicated in islet development and insulin secretion. The T allele of rs1408888 of DACH1 was associated with YOD, prediabetes and CVD in Chinese.
Emotion and Management Learning

This article argues that what and how learning takes place for managers is inextricably emotional, or of emotions. The traditional cognitive approach to management learning has obscured the presence and role of emotion. The conceptual positioning of emotion is reviewed, illustrated though `competencies' and `business ethics'. It is concluded that we need more explicit frameworks, derived from the wider organizational literature on emotion, to place emotion as both a product and process of learning. Special attention is required to the growth of corporate emotion engineering, flexible' work structures and `virtual' managing. These areas raise challenging technical and moral questions for `learning' theorists and practitioners.
Self-Trust: A Study of Reason, Knowledge, and Autonomy

Keith Lehrer offers an original philosophical view of principal aspects of the human condition, such as reason, knowledge, wisdom, autonomy, love, consensus, and consciousness. Three unifying ideas run through the book. The first is that what is uniquely human is the capacity for metamental ascent, the ability to consider and evaluate first-order mental states (such as beliefs and desires) that arise naturally within us. A primary function of this metamental ascent is the resolution of personal and interpersonal conflict, essential to such central human goods as wisdom, autonomy, and consensus. The second unifying idea is that we have a system for such reflective evaluation which yields acceptance (in relation to beliefs) or preference (in relation to the objects of desires). The third unifying idea is that there are 'keystones' of evaluation in this system: loops of trustworthiness that are themselves supported by the structure that they hold together. Self-trust is the basis of our trustworthiness, on which reason, knowledge, and wisdom are grounded.
Bi Now, Gay Later: Implicit and Explicit Binegativity Among Irish University Students

To date, no assessment of explicit attitudes toward bisexual men and women has occurred in the Republic of Ireland. Further, there are no published studies examining implicit attitudes toward this group. The current research addressed these omissions by investigating bi-negativity, at explicit and implicit levels, within an Irish context. Various pen-and-paper measures were administered to 208 undergraduate students (170 females) enrolled in 2nd- and 3rd-year psychology courses at a large university in Western Ireland. Among the most pertinent findings: explicit binegativity was somewhat prevalent within the sample, overall implicit attitudes reflected a bias toward heterosexuals and against bisexuals, men evidenced greater levels of explicit bi-negativity than women and no support was obtained for a model of cognitive consistency, which aims to articulate the various conditions in which implicit and explicit attitudes are intercorrelated. Limitations of the current study and directions for future research are discussed.
Motivations and Decision-Making Processes of Mainland Chinese Students for Undertaking Master’s Programs Abroad

Mobility of mainland Chinese students across national borders has become common worldwide; however, the underlying reasons that motivate these students to pursue postgraduation abroad and why these factors are influential are not sufficiently studied. By analyzing the results of a case study performed at three British universities, we examine the motivations of mainland Chinese students for choosing courses and study locations in the United Kingdom. Based on data we collected via questionnaires and interviews, we compare demographic differences to explore the diversity among this cohort. Our findings show that motivations for overseas education are related to conditions in China and abroad. In addition, older students and those in MA programs are more strongly influenced by a need to experience different cultures; younger students and those in MSc programs are more strongly driven by academics-related factors. Our findings have important implications for universities to develop more effective selection policies particularly for target mainland Chinese students.
International Capital Mobility in an Era of Globalisation: Adding a Political Dimension to the ‘Feldstein—Horioka Puzzle’

The debate about the scope of feasible policy-making in an era of globalisation continues to be set within the context of an assumption that national capital markets are now perfectly integrated at the international level. However, the empirical evidence on international capital mobility contradicts such an assumption. As a consequence, a significant puzzle remains. Why is it, in a world in which the observed pattern of capital flows is indicative of a far from globalised reality, that public policy continues to be constructed in line with more extreme variants of the globalisation hypothesis? I attempt to solve this puzzle by arguing that ideas about global capital market integration have an independent causal impact on political outcomes which extends beyond that which can be attributed to the extent of their actual integration.
Prognostic value of tissue Doppler E/e' ratio in hypertension patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction

ABSTRACT Objectives: This study aims to investigate the association of tissue Doppler E/e' with cardiac events in hypertension patients, independent of and incremental to clinical and left ventricular geometric patterns. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 222 asymptomatic nonischemic patients with hypertension who had echocardiogram in 2012 to evaluate tissue Doppler E/e'. Patients were followed up for cardiac events (cardiac events were defined as myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization procedures, new-onset angina (stable or unstable), heart failure). A cox regression was used to assess the association of the ratio of transmitral Doppler early filling velocity to tissue Doppler early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E/e') with cardiac events. Results: A total of 222 patients were included in analysis. There were 10 primary cardiac events during 3.2 ± 0.4 years follow-up. The E/e' ratio was the strongest predictor of cardiac events in Cox-proportional hazards models. Following adjustment for covariates, a unit rise in the E/e' ratio was associated with a 26% increment in risk of a cardiac event (HR 1.26, CI 1.06–1.50, p = 0.008). When E/e' ＞14 the hazard ratio of cardiac event was significantly increased compared with E/e' ≤ 14 in Kaplan–Meier analysis (log-rank ratio, 16.26; p ＜ 0.001). Conclusions: E/e', a non-invasive estimate of left ventricular filling pressure, predicts cardiac events in hypertensive population with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, independent of and incremental to clinical and left ventricular geometric patterns. E/e' represents an early, effective tool for cardiovascular risk stratification in hypertension population.
The development of science process skills in authentic contexts

Instructional strategies and curriculum sequences aimed at teaching process skills have received considerable attention in science education. On the other hand, the teaching of domain-independent, context-free skills has been subject to criticism on the ground that important aspects of cognitive activities are functions of meaningful contexts. The intent of this study was to examine the development of integrated process skills in the context of open-inquiry laboratory sessions. The data-collection approach was qualitative and included videotapes of laboratory sessions, laboratory reports of students, and the reflective journals kept by the two teachers involved in the study. Forty-eight students from the Grade 11 introductory physics course, 29 students from the Grade 12 physics course, and 60 students from the Grade 8 general science course from an all-boys private school participated in the study. An interpretive research methodology was adopted for construction of meaning from the data. Students worked in collaborative groups during all of the open-inquiry laboratory sessions. Findings from the study indicate that students develop higher-order process skills through nontraditional laboratory experiences that provided the students with freedom to perform experiments of personal relevance in authentic contexts. Students learned to (a) identify and define pertinent variables, (b) interpret, transform, and analyze data, (c) plan and design an experiment, and (d) formulate hypotheses. Findings of this study suggest that process skills need not be taught separately. Integrated process skills develop gradually and reach a high level of sophistication when experiments are performed in meaningful context.
Role of Endothelial Cell Cytoskeleton in Control of Endothelial Permeability

Increased permeability of the pulmonary microvasculature is felt to cause acute noncardiogenic lung edema, and histological studies of edematous lungs show gaps between apparently healthy endothelial cells. To determine whether alterations in endothelial cell cytoskeletons would alter endothelial permeability, we exposed monolayers of pulmonary artery endothelial cells grown on micropore filters to cytochalasin B or D. Cytochalasin exposed monolayers demonstrated a 2- to 3-fold increase in endothelial permeability that was readily reversible by washing the monolayers free of cytochalasins. Parallel phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy demonstrated retraction of cell cytoplasm and disruption of bundles of microfilaments in cytochalasin exposed cells. These changes also were readily reversed after washing the cells free of cytochalasins. To test the relevance of these findings to an in situ microvasculature, we added cytochalasin B to the perfusate of isolated rabbit lungs and observed that cytochalasin B caused a high permeability lung edema. These studies suggest that endothelial cell cytoskeletons may be important determinants of endothelial permeability.
GTP drives myosin light chain 1 interaction with the class V myosin Myo2 IQ motifs via a Sec2 RabGEF‐mediated pathway

The yeast myosin light chain 1 (Mlc1p) belongs to a branch of the calmodulin superfamily and is essential for vesicle delivery at the mother‐bud neck during cytokinesis due to is ability to bind to the IQ motifs of the class V myosin Myo2p. While calcium binding to calmodulin promotes binding/release from the MyoV IQ motifs, Mlc1p is unable to bind calcium and the mechanism of its interaction with target motifs has not been clarified. The presence of Mlc1p in a complex with the Rab/Ypt Sec4p and with Myo2p suggests a role for Mlc1p in regulating Myo2p cargo binding/release by responding to the activation of Rab/Ypt proteins. Here we show that GTP or GTPγS potently stimulate Mlc1p interaction with Myo2p IQ motifs. The C‐terminus of the Rab/Ypt GEF Sec2p, but not Sec4p activation, is essential for this interaction. Interestingly, overexpression of constitutively activated Ypt32p, a Rab/Ypt protein that acts upstream of Sec4p, stimulates Mlc1p/Myo2p interaction similarly to GTP although a block of Ypt32 GTP binding does not completely abolish the GTP‐mediated Mlc1p/Myo2p interaction. We propose that Mlc1p/Myo2p interaction is stimulated by a signal that requires Sec2p and activation of Ypt32p.