Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grand Unified SU(8) Gauge Theory Based on Baryons which Are Yang-Mills Magnetic Monopoles

Based on the thesis that baryons including protons and neutrons are Yang-Mills magnetic monopoles which the author has previously developed and which has been confirmed by over half a dozen empirically-accurate predictions, we develop a GUT that is rooted in the SU(4) subgroups for the proton/electron and neutron/neutrino which were used as the basis for these predictions. The SU(8) GUT group so-developed leads following three stages of symmetry breaking to all known phenomenology including a neutrino that behaves differently from other fermions, lepto-quark separation, replication of fermions into exactly three generations, the Cabibbo mixing of those generations, weak interactions which are left-chiral, and all four of the gravitational, strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions. The next steps based on this development will be to calculate the masses and energies associated with the vacuum terms of the Lagrangian, to see if additional empirical confirmations can be achieved, especially for the proton and neutron and the fermion masses.
A Multi-National Study of Interparental Conflict, Parenting, and Adolescent Functioning

Abstract This study assessed the associations between interparental conflict (IPC), parenting, and individual functioning among data gathered from school-going adolescents in Bangladesh, China, India, Bosnia, Germany, Palestine, Colombia, United States and three ethnic groups within South Africa. Specifically, we tested the validity of the spillover dynamic found in much research in the U.S., whereby marital conflict spills over into parenting and into the psychological and social functioning of children and adolescents. Previous analyses of these same data showed complete invariance in the linkages between parenting and adolescent functioning. This study thus provided a meaningful extension to the substantive literature on family processes. We followed recommendations within cross-cultural psychology to “transport and test” models validated in one culture to other cultures as an initial step in systematic comparative research. The findings revealed substantial invariance across the samples in documenting significant direct and indirect associations. Similar to prior research in the U.S., IPC was associated with youth outcomes directly, and more often indirectly, via parenting.
Testing the Relationship between Nationalism and Racism: Greek-Cypriot Students' National/Ethnic Identities and Attitudes to Ethnic Out-groups

This article builds on a growing body of research that shows an intrinsic but complex relationship between the concepts and the ideologies of nationalism and racism. In doing so, it investigates how different, meaningful national and ethnic in-group identifications of a dominant national/ethnic group (Greek-Cypriots) within a given national context (Cyprus) influence their perceptions of different, meaningful ethnic and racial minority out-groups. Logistic regression analysis of quantitative survey data with secondary school children (N = 738) in Cyprus shows that the relationship between national/ethnic in-group identifications and out-group perceptions varies according to the social and political relationships between particular national/ethnic in- and out-groups. The findings show that future research on the relationship between nationalism and racism should consider the overlap between and context specific nature of national and ethnic in-group identification processes and the historical, political relationships between different in- and out-groups.
Evaluation of the soft tissue treatment simulation module of a computerized cephalometric program

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the accuracy of the treatment simulation module of Quick Ceph Studio (QCS) program to the actual treatment results in Class II Division 1 patients. Design: Retrospective study. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six skeletal Class II patients treated with functional appliances were included. T0 and T1 lateral cephalograms were digitized using QCS. Before applying treatment simulation to the digitized cephalograms, the actual T0-T1 difference was calculated for the SNA, SNB, ANB angles, maxillary incisor inclination, and protrusion and mandibular incisor inclination and protrusion values. Next, using the treatment simulation module, the aforementioned values for the T0 cephalograms were manually entered to match the actual T1 values taking into account the T0-T1 differences. Paired sample t-test were applied to determine the difference between actual and treatment simulation measurements. Results: No significant differences were found for the anteroposterior location of the landmarks. Upper lip, soft tissue A point, soft tissue pogonion, and soft tissue B point measurements showed statistically significant difference between actual and treatment simulation in the vertical plane. Conclusion: Quick Ceph program was reliable in terms of reflecting the sagittal changes that would probably occur with treatment and growth. However, vertical positions of the upper lip, soft tissue pogonion, soft tissue A point, and soft tissue B point were statistically different from actual results.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Hierarchical Processing in Music, Language, and Action: Lashley Revisited

Sixty years ago, Karl Lashley suggested that complex action sequences, from simple motor acts to language and music, are a fundamental but neglected aspect of neural function. Lashley demonstrated the inadequacy of then-standard models of associative chaining, positing a more flexible and generalized " syntax of action " necessary to encompass key aspects of language and music. He suggested that hierarchy in language and music builds upon a more basic sequential action system, and provided several concrete hypotheses about the nature of this system. Here, we review a diverse set of modern data concerning musical, linguistic, and other action processing, finding them largely consistent with an updated neuroanatomical version of Lashley's hypotheses. In particular, the lateral premotor cortex, including Broca's area, plays important roles in hierarchical processing in language, music, and at least some action sequences. Although the precise computational function of the lateral prefrontal regions in action syntax remains debated, Lashley's notion—that this cortical region implements a working-memory buffer or stack scannable by posterior and subcortical brain regions—is consistent with considerable experimental data.
Neural Correlates of Impulsive Buying Tendencies during Perception of Product Packaging

Research has shown that people differ in their susceptibility to impulsive buying. The appeal of product packaging has the potential to trigger impulsive buying even for consumers with no intention to make a purchase. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether individual differences in consumers' impulsive buying tendencies affect unconscious neural responses during the perception of product packaging. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was applied to measure neural responses to the perception of product packages in participants with different impulsive buying tendencies. The results of the study support and expand prior research in impulsive and reflective information processing and behavior. First, attractive versus neutral packages evoked more intensive activity changes in brain regions associated with an impulsive system. Second, attractive and unattractive versus neutral packages led to less intensive activity changes in regions associated with a reflective system. Third, attractive packages activated regions associated with reward, whereas unattractive packages activated regions associated with negative emotions. The results suggest that there is indeed a corresponding relationship between stronger impulsive buying tendencies and activity in brain areas associated with impulsive and reflective processes.
Radio Channel Measurements at Street Intersections for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Safety Applications

This paper presents the results of an empirical study of wireless propagation channels for vehicle-to-vehicle communications in street intersections, a scenario especially important for collision avoidance applications. The results are derived from a channel measurement campaign performed at 5.6 GHz in four different types of urban intersections. We present results on typical power delay profiles, pathloss and delay spreads and discuss important propagation mechanisms. By comparing the results of the different intersections, we find that absence of line-of-sight is problematic for system coverage, especially when there are few other significant scattering objects in and around the intersection. Roadside buildings can create important propagation paths that account for a considerable part of the total received power.
ELLIPTIC CURVES AND PRIMALITY PROVING

This report describes the theory and implementation of the Elliptic Curve Primality Proving algorithm - ECPP - algorithm. This includes the relationships between representing primes by quadratic forms and the explicit construction of class fields of imaginary quadratic fields ; the theory of elliptic curves with complex multiplication over the field of complex numbers as well as over finite fields. We then use this theory to design a very powerful primality proving algorithm. Half of the paper is devoted to the description of its implementation. In particular, we give the currently best algorithms to speed up each part of the program. The resulting program is very fast. We can prove the primality of 100-digit numbers in less than five minutes on a SUN 3/60 workstation, and we can treat all numbers with less than 1000 digits in a reasonable amount of time using a distributed implementation.
Fluorescence Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer with New Water Soluble Hypericin Bound to Polyvinylpyrrolidone: PVP‐Hypericin

Although conventional white light endoscopy (WLE) is currently the gold standard for diagnosing bladder tumors, rates of false negative results and residual tumors after transurethral resection are relatively high. The goal of the present clinical study is to investigate whether using new water soluble hypericin (PVP‐hypericin) as a fluorescent dye improves bladder cancer detection and diagnosis. Following instillation of PVP‐hypericin (total amount of 0.25 mg hypericin bound to 25 mg polyvinylpoyrrolidone [PVP], reconstituted in 50 mL phys. sodium chloride solution), WLE and fluorescence cystoscopy (photodynamic diagnosis; PDD) were performed on patients with suspected primary or recurrent bladder malignancies (n = 57). Incubation time was 1–2 h and biopsies (n = 163) were taken from fluorescing regions and/or from regions which were suspicious under WLE. Histological investigations of the biopsies provided the final proof of malignancy (or the counterevidence). Results indicated that overall sensitivity with PVP‐hypericin and PDD is significantly higher (95%) than with WLE (85%). The sensitivity of PDD in the diagnosis of carcinoma in situ (n = 12) was 100% compared with 33% for WLE. In the diagnosis of dysplasia, the sensitivity of PDD was 85% compared with 31% for WLE. PDD has a positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.75% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.86%, in comparison to WLE PPV = 0.66% NPV = 0.58%. Biopsies were not taken from healthy tissues, thus specificity was markedly lower in our study (53%) than that reported in other studies (98–100%). As a conclusion, PDD using PVP‐hypericin is superior to WLE in terms of sensitivity in the diagnosis of malignancies of the bladder. Results suggest that PVP‐hypericin is a promising formulation for various diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
ETV6-NCOA2: A Novel Fusion Gene in Acute Leukemia Associated with Coexpression of T-Lymphoid and Myeloid Markers and Frequent NOTCH1 Mutations

Purpose: The ETV6 gene has been reported to be fused to a multitude of partner genes in various hematologic malignancies with 12p13 aberrations. Cytogenetic analysis of six cases of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia revealed a novel recurrent t(8;12)(q13;p13), suggesting involvement of ETV6. Experimental Design: Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to confirm the involvement of ETV6 in the t(8;12)(q13;p13) and reverse transcription-PCR was used to identify the ETV6 partner gene. Detailed immunologic characterization was done, and owing to their lineage promiscuity, the leukemic blast cells were analyzed for NOTCH1 mutations. Results: We have identified a novel recurrent t(8;12)(q13;p13), which results in a fusion between the transcriptional repressor ETV6 (TEL) and the transcriptional coactivator NCOA2 (TIF2) in six cases of childhood leukemia expressing both T-lymphoid and myeloid antigens. The ETV6-NCOA2 transcript encodes a chimeric protein that consists of the pointed protein interaction motif of ETV6 that is fused to the COOH terminus of NCOA2, including the cyclic AMP–responsive element binding protein–binding protein (CBP) interaction and the AD2 activation domains. The absence of the reciprocal NCOA2-ETV6 transcript in one of the cases suggests that the ETV6-NCOA2 chimeric protein and not the reciprocal NCOA2-ETV6 is responsible for leukemogenesis. In addition, ETV6-NCOA2 leukemia shows a high frequency of heterozygous activating NOTCH1 mutations, which disrupt the heterodimerization or the PEST domains. Conclusions: The ETV6-NCOA2 fusion may define a novel subgroup of acute leukemia with T-lymphoid and myeloid features, which is associated with a high prevalence of NOTCH1 mutations.
Phylogeography, Population Dynamics, and Molecular Evolution of European Bat Lyssaviruses

ABSTRACT European bat lyssaviruses types 1 and 2 (EBLV-1 and EBLV-2) are widespread in Europe, although little is known of their evolutionary history. We undertook a comprehensive sequence analysis to infer the selection pressures, rates of nucleotide substitution, age of genetic diversity, geographical origin, and population growth rates of EBLV-1. Our study encompassed data from 12 countries collected over a time span of 35 years and focused on the glycoprotein (G) and nucleoprotein (N) genes. We show that although the two subtypes of EBLV-1—EBLV-1a and EBLV-1b—have both grown at a low exponential rate since their introduction into Europe, they have differing population structures and dispersal patterns. Furthermore, there were strong constraints against amino acid change in both EBLV-1 and EBLV-2, as reflected in a low ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions per site, particularly in EBLV-1b. Our inferred rate of nucleotide substitution in EBLV-1, approximately 5 × 10−5 substitutions per site per year, was also one of the lowest recorded for RNA viruses and implied that the current genetic diversity in the virus arose 500 to 750 years ago. We propose that the slow evolution of EBLVs reflects their distinctive epidemiology in bats, where they occupy a relatively stable fitness peak.
Structure of Hexameric DnaB Helicase and Its Complex with a Domain of DnaG Primase

3′-protrusion and orient the synapsis of the ends (Fig. 2D). The 3′-overhangs of the opposing template strands are brought together via a number of base-pairing and stacking interactions (Fig. 2E and fig. S6) (18). Each PolDom mono-mer makes intimate contact with the 5′-P on the downstream strand, which is bound in a positively charged pocket formed by Lys 16 and Lys 26 (Fig. 3A), two residues absolutely conserved in NHEJ AEPs (fig. S4). Notably, the N-terminal PolDom region containing Lys 16 is absent in AEPs from Archaea and Eukarya (fig. S4). The Mt-PolDom mutant (Lys 16 → Ala) was unable to bind to DNA and had very reduced polymerase activity (fig. S5), whereas gap filling was normal. Other interactions with DNA are indicated in figs. S4 and S6. The PolDom-DNA interactions are reminiscent of the contacts observed in the structure of the evolutionary unrelated NHEJ polymerase, Pol l–gapped DNA complex (18, 19) (Fig. 3). The apical loop 1 (b5-b6) interacts with the 3′-protruding strand, thus constituting a potentially important element for maintaining the syn-apsis between two 3′-protruding DNA ends (Fig. 2, C and D). To analyze the functional importance of these interactions, we mutated loop 1 residues (83 to 85) to alanine and evaluated the DNA binding and polymerization capacity of the resulting mutant (mut-loop). On a gapped DNA substrate, the DNA binding potential of mut-loop was equivalent to that of wild-type PolDom (fig. S7). Therefore, the presence of a 5′-P appears to be enough to ensure enzyme-DNA stability in a gap, and loop 1 is dispensable when the primer terminus, the template, and the 5′-P are physically connected and not discontinuous. However, the integrity of loop 1 was critical to forming a synaptic complex of two 3′-protruding DNAs. Electrophoretic mobility shift and 3′-extension assays showed that mut-loop was very inefficient at forming a synaptic complex (fig. S8). An analogous loop-like structure may play a related role in eukaryotic NHEJ polymerases (20, 21). The importance of PolDom, and loop 1 in particular, in mediating DNA synapsis was further probed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) using DNA with a 3′-overhang identical to that present in the crystal structure. The steady-state fluorescence spectra of doubly labeled 3′-protruding DNA (3′-fluorescein donor and 3′-rhodamine acceptor) with increasing amounts of wild-type Mt-PolDom showed a marked concentration-dependent increase in emission of the rhodamine fluorophore at 605 nm (Fig. 4) due to FRET from fluorescein. The …
To click or not to click? A study of the innovation resistance of political emails

As a novel technology in the age of information, the Internet has become a fancy vehicle through which campaign messages can be delivered to prospective voters via multiple paths such as websites and emails. However, despite the effort put into making campaign messages as appealing as possible, studies show that the click-through rate of campaign emails remains relatively low. In the past, many studies concerning technology adaptation have focused on the aspect of “innovation diffusion” rather than “innovation resistance”. The aim of this study is to integrate ideas derived from the Technology Acceptance Model, the concepts of innovation resistance and the theory of ad avoidance to find the factors that influence voters' resistance of reading political emails. An online survey was conducted, in which a sample of 1012 voters in the 2009 local election in Taiwan was studied. The results showed that negative impression and perceived interruption were the factors behind people's resistance of politically-related emails. In addition, both of the above factors affected people's attitudes toward opening future political emails.
On Sequential Strategies in Developmental Research. Description or Explanation.

Recent discussions of the Schaie-Baltes controversy regarding the adequacy of various developmental designs are misleading because they fail to distinguish between description and explanation of developmental change. This distinction is reflected in the use of the General Developmental Model for the formulation of descriptive data collection strategies a la Baltes (cross-sectional versus longitudinal sequences) versus the formulation of explanatory data interpretation models a la Schaie (time-sequential, cohort-sequential, cross-sequential) which are aimed at identifying developmental origins for observed change patterns. When the objective is one of descriptive identification of individual-developmental change (but not necessarily of socio-cultural change), the age-cohort model is preferred with age-time and time-cohort models being approximations. A complete combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal sequences a la Baltes provides all data points needed both for descriptive and explanatory analyses. The distinction between descriptive and explanatory functions of Schaie’s model, prior to a given research project, helps to sharpen the issues, resolve the Schaie-Baltes controversy, and provides guidelines for applicative decisions.
Phosphorylated Non-Phosphorylating Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from Heterotrophic Cells of Wheat Interacts with 14-3-3 Proteins1

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases catalyze key steps in energy and reducing power partitioning in cells of higher plants. Phosphorylated non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPN) present in heterotrophic cells of wheat (Triticum aestivum) was activated up to 3-fold by MgCl2. The effect was not observed with the non-phosphorylated enzyme found in leaves. The divalent cation also affected the response of the enzyme from endosperm and shoots to adenine nucleotides and inorganic pyrophosphate. Gel filtration chromatography, co-immunoprecipitation followed by immunostaining, and the use of a phosphopeptide containing a canonical binding motif showed that MgCl2 actually disrupted the interaction between GAPN and a 14-3-3 regulatory protein. After interaction with 14-3-3, phosphorylated GAPN exhibits a 3-fold lower Vmax and higher sensitivity to inhibition by ATP and pyrophosphate. Results suggest that GAPN is a target for regulation by phosphorylation, levels of divalent cations, and 14-3-3 proteins. The regulatory mechanism could be critical to maintain levels of energy and reductants in the cytoplasm of heterotrophic plant cells.
Galaxy populations in the Antlia cluster – I. Photometric properties of early-type galaxies★

We present the first colour‐magnitude relation (CMR) of early-type galaxies in the central region of the Antlia cluster, obtained from CCD wide-field photometry in the Washington photometric system. Integrated (C − T1) colours, T1 magnitudes, and effective radii have been measured for 93 galaxies (i.e. the largest galaxies sample in the Washington system till now) from the FS90 Antlia Group catalogue. Membership of 37 objects can be confirmed through new radial velocities and data collected from the literature. The resulting colour‐ magnitude diagram shows that early-type FS90 galaxies that are spectroscopically confirmed Antlia members or that were considered as definite members by FS90, follow a well-defined CMR [σ(C−T1) ∼ 0.07 mag] that spans 9 mag in brightness with no apparent change of slope. This relation is very tight for the whole magnitude range but S0 galaxies show a larger dispersion, apparently due to a separation of ellipticals and S0s. Antlia displays a slope of −13.6 in a T1 versus (C − T1) diagram, in agreement with results for clusters like Fornax, Virgo, Coma and Perseus, which are dynamically different to Antlia. This fact might indicate that the build-up of the CMR in cluster of galaxies is more related to galaxies internal processes than to the influence of the environment. Interpreting the CMR as a luminosity‐metallicity relation of old stellar systems, the metallicities of the Antlia galaxies define a global relation down to MV ≈− 13. We also find, for early-type dwarfs, no clear relation between luminosity and effective radius, indicating a nearly constant mean effective radius of ∼1 kpc. This value is also found in several samples of dwarf galaxies in Virgo and Coma.