Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The association between cycling to school and being overweight in Rotterdam (The Netherlands) and Kristiansand (Norway)

Active transportation is a behavior that might contribute to energy balance. However, no clear association between active commuting to school and weight status has been reported in the international literature. Also, new studies indicate that cycling to school might have a greater health potential than walking to school. The purpose of the present study is to assess the potential association between cycling to school and weight status in two European cities, Rotterdam and Kristiansand, where cycling to school remains common. Data from two studies, ENDORSE (Rotterdam) and Youth in Balance (Kristiansand), were used including, respectively, 1361 and 1197 adolescents with mean ages of 14.1 and 14.4 years. The adolescents were categorized as cyclist or non‐cyclist based on questionnaires on the usual mode of transportation to school. A total of 25% and 18% were categorized as overweight, and 35% and 31% were categorized as cyclists, in Rotterdam and Kristiansand, respectively. In multilevel logistic analyses, after adjusting for potential moderators, the odds ratios for cyclists being overweight compared with non‐cyclists were, respectively, 0.63 (95% CI=0.45–0.89) and 0.52 (95% CI=0.34–0.78) in Rotterdam and Kristiansand. The results presented clearly show a negative association between cycling to school and overweight among adolescents both in Rotterdam and in Kristiansand.
Mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of epoxy modified with a reactive hydroxyl-terminated polystyrene-butadiene liquid rubber

This study investigated the modification of epoxy resin with a hydroxyl-terminated polystyrene-butadiene liquid rubber copolymer. The Fourier transform infrared analysis evidenced the occurrence of a chemical reaction between the oxirane ring of epoxy resin and the hydroxyl functional group of hydroxyl-terminated polystyrene-butadiene using benzyldimethylamine as a catalyst. The mechanical results indicated that the 10 phr hydroxyl-terminated polystyrene-butadiene-modified epoxy resin exhibited the maximum impact strength of 16.5 J/m2, which is about 91.8% higher than that for the neat epoxy; the best mechanical performance in terms of tensile and flexural properties was achieved at 10 phr hydroxyl-terminated polystyrene-butadiene content; higher concentration of hydroxyl-terminated polystyrene-butadiene resulted in the cured networks lower impact and strength values. The investigation on the microstructure of hydroxyl-terminated polystyrene-butadiene–modified epoxy resin showed a two-phase morphology where the hydroxyl-terminated polystyrene-butadiene domains were uniformly dispersed in epoxy resin matrix. The addition of hydroxyl-terminated polystyrene-butadiene into epoxy resin reduced the thermal stability, whereas, it obviously improved the volume, surface resistivity; and the dielectric breakdown strength of 20 phr hydroxyl-terminated polystyrene-butadiene–modified epoxy resin was 36 kV/mm compared to 31.2 kV/mm of the neat epoxy resin.
ec 2 00 0 Formation and evolution of E + A galaxies in dusty starburst galaxies

The formation and evolution of the “E+A” (also named “k+a” and “a+k” types by Dressler et al. 1999) galaxies found in significant numbers in the cores of intermediate redshift clusters has been extensively discussed by many authors. In this paper, we model the spectral, dynamical and morphological evolution of a prime candidate for producing this spectral signature: a dusty starburst associated with a major galaxy merger. We show that as this system evolves dynamically, its spectral type changes from and “e(a)” type (exhibiting strong Hδ absorption and modest [OII] emission – the identifying features of local dusty starburst galaxies) to a k+a type and then finally to a passive “k” type. This result shows that galaxies with an e(a) spectral type can be precursors to the k+a systems and that dynamical evolution greatly controls the spectral evolution in these merger cases. Our simulations also show that a merger with very high infrared luminosity (LIR > 10 11 L⊙) is more likely to show an e(a) spectrum, which implies that spectral types can be correlated with infrared fluxes in dusty starburst galaxies. Based on these results, we discuss the origin of the evolution of k+a/a+k galaxies in distant clusters and the role merging is likely to have. Subject headings: galaxies: clusters: general — galaxies: ISM — galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD – galaxies: formation – galaxies: interactions
In Vitro Activation of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes By Muc1 PulsedDendritic Cells

We studied antigen-specific and HLA-A2-restricted cytotoxic activity against MUC1-positive ARH77 myeloma cell line in vitro. A HLA-A2 specific MUC1-derived nonapetide (139TSAPDTRPA147) was used as a tumor-associated antigen. Myeloma-specific cytotoxic activity of MUC1-reactive CTL was established by repeated stimulation of CTL via dendritic cells loaded with MUC1-derived nonapeptide. We were able to demonstrate that MUC1-reactive T cells can be identified and expanded using a relatively simple in vitro techniques. Antigen-specific stimulation via dendritic cells, immunomagnetic sorting and rapid expansion of CTL without loosing of their specific immune activity can be used clinically even in poorly immunogenic diseases such as MM.
Insights Arising From a Comparison of the tanh and Exponential Fitting Methods for Charpy V-Notch Energy Data

In the 1960s and 1970s when the surveillance programs for currently operating commercial nuclear reactors were established state of knowledge limitations resulted in the use of Charpy-V notch (CVN) specimens rather than fracture toughness specimens. Reasonable success has since been achieved in correlating CVN and fracture toughness parameters. Such correlations provide an important part of the technical basis for both current regulations and ASME codes. These correlations imply that trends manifest in CVN data must also appear in fracture toughness data even though empirical evidence demonstrates that this is not always true. For example, the temperature dependence of CVN energy (CVE) in transition is thought to be a unique feature of each specific sample of ferritic steel that is tested, a view in sharp contrast with the now widely accepted view of a “Master Curve” for transition fracture toughness (KJc ). Also, effects of product form on CVE temperature dependence and property correlations are widely reported despite the fact that product form effects are absent from KJc properties. These observations suggest that the mapping of CVE behavior onto fracture toughness implicit to correlation-based regulations and ASME codes may produce erroneous trends in estimated values of fracture toughness. In this paper we investigate the hypothesis that the apparent differences between CVE and fracture toughness arise due to differences in how the temperature dependence of CVE and KJc data have historically been modeled. Our analysis shows that when CVE data are analyzed in a manner consistent with KJc data (i.e., transition and upper shelf data are partitioned from each other and analyzed separately rather than being fit with a continuous tanh function) the apparent differences between CVE and toughness characterizations are minimized significantly, and may disappear entirely. These findings demonstrate the differences between CVE and fracture toughness data to be an artifact of the tanh analysis method rather than an intrinsic property of CVE.
Interruption of the Semiochemical-Based Attraction of Ambrosia Beetles to Ethanol-Baited Traps and Ethanol-Injected Trap Trees by Verbenone

ABSTRACT We examined the extent to which verbenone, a bark beetle antiaggregation pheromone, interrupted the semiochemical-based attraction of ambrosia beetles. Field trapping studies conducted in Ohio showed that a verbenone dispenser with a release rate of 50 mg/d at 25°C reduced the attraction of Anisandrus sayi Hopkins, Euwallacea validus (Eichhoff), Hypothenemus dissimilis (Zimmermann), Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford), and Xyleborinus saxesenii (Ratzeburg) to ethanol-baited traps. A verbenone dispenser attached to ethanol-injected Magnolia virginiana L. trap trees deployed in Ohio also reduced ambrosia beetle attacks compared to trap trees without a verbenone dispenser. Subsequent field trials demonstrated a direct relationship between distance from a verbenone dispenser and ambrosia beetle attacks on trap trees in Ohio in 2011 and 2012 and Tennessee in 2012, but not in Tennessee and Virginia in 2011. Assessment of the influence of verbenone on the probability of attacks above a density threshold found that although attacks occurred on trap trees regardless of their proximity to a verbenone dispenser, the higher density of attacks per tree occurred on trap trees farthest away from the verbenone source in Ohio and Tennessee. Verbenone alone could be somewhat useful for discouraging ambrosia beetle attacks on individual trees or on a small spatial scale, but deployment of verbenone might be most effective when integrated as part of a “push-pull” strategy.
Tomography of epidermal growth factor receptor binding to fluorescent Affibody in vivo studied with magnetic resonance guided fluorescence recovery in varying orthotopic glioma sizes

Abstract. The ability to image targeted tracer binding to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was studied in vivo in orthotopically grown glioma tumors of different sizes. The binding potential was quantified using a dual-tracer approach, which employs a fluorescently labeled peptide targeted to EGFR and a reference tracer with similar pharmacokinetic properties but no specific binding, to estimate the relative bound fraction from kinetic compartment modeling. The recovered values of binding potential did not vary significantly as a function of tumor size (1 to 33 mm3), suggesting that binding potential may be consistent in the U251 tumors regardless of size or stage after implantation. However, the fluorescence yield of the targeted fluorescent tracers in the tumor was affected significantly by tumor size, suggesting that dual-tracer imaging helps account for variations in absolute uptake, which plague single-tracer imaging techniques. Ex vivo analysis showed relatively high spatial heterogeneity in each tumor that cannot be resolved by tomographic techniques. Nonetheless, the dual-tracer tomographic technique is a powerful tool for longitudinal bulk estimation of receptor binding.
Shaping Relations: The Effects of Visuospatial Priming on Structured Thought

While relational reasoning has been described as a process at the heart of human cognition, the degree to which relations may be primed remains an open debate. The current project, entitled Shaping Relations: The Effects of Visuospatial Priming on Structured Thought by Katherine Anne Livins wrestles with this debate as part of a PhD dissertation submitted to the University of California Merced in the year 2015 under the oversight of Dr. David C. Noelle. The project focuses on three questions in hopes of illuminating the debate: i) is relational priming possible, ii) to what extent is relational priming possible, and, if relational priming is possible, iii) what are the mechanisms by which it functions? The project proceeds to evaluate the current literature, and to argue that relational priming seems possible in the broad sense, but that further research must be completed in order determine its extent and mechanisms. Visuospatial priming is argued to be potentially useful for determining the answers to those questions.The dissertation presents this analysis based on past findings and then describes the results of a series of four new experiments. The first two experiments establish that visuospatial priming can have an effect on relational reasoning; the third shows that attention might be particularly important for those effects; and the fourth confirms that this is the case. It is ultimately argued that relational reasoning is possible, and that it can occur reasonably automatically, but that its efficacy may rely on the prime’s ability to capture and direct attention.
Apoptosis in regenerating and denervated, nonregenerating urodele forelimbs

Denervated limbs of larval salamanders fail to regenerate if amputated and, unlike adult limbs, undergo regression. The cellular basis of the tissue loss is poorly understood. We used TUNEL staining of larval axolotl limbs fixed and sectioned at intervals after bilateral amputation and unilateral denervation to investigate the role of apoptosis during normal limb regeneration and denervated limb regression. In the first week after amputation a small percentage of apoptotic cells was found in both innervated and denervated limbs. During the second week the apoptotic index remained low in the mitotically active mesenchymal cells of the regenerating limbs, but increased twofold in the nondividing, dedifferentiated cells of the regressing limbs. TUNEL‐positive cells resembling apoptotic bodies were restricted primarily to the dedifferentiated area beneath the wound epithelium, but were also present within the wound epithelium itself. Macrophages were identified immunohistochemically and were also found in increased numbers in distal areas of the denervated regressing limbs. The results suggest a role for apoptosis in the early phase of normal regeneration and indicate that denervated limb regression involves an increased rate of apoptosis and removal of apoptotic bodies by macrophages and the wound epithelium.
Nuclear Expression of KLF6 Tumor Suppressor Factor Is Highly Associated with Overexpression of ERBB2 Oncoprotein in Ductal Breast Carcinomas

Background Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) is an evolutionarily conserved and ubiquitously expressed protein that belongs to the mammalian Sp1/KLF family of transcriptional regulators. Though KLF6 is a transcription factor and harbors a nuclear localization signal it is not systematically located in the nucleus but it was detected in the cytoplasm of several tissues and cell lines. Hence, it is still not fully settled whether the tumor suppressor function of KLF6 is directly associated with its ability to regulate target genes. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study we analyzed KLF6 expression and sub-cellular distribution by immunohistochemistry in several normal and tumor tissues in a microarray format representing fifteen human organs. Results indicate that while both nuclear and cytoplasmic distribution of KLF6 is detected in normal breast tissues, breast carcinomas express KLF6 mainly detected in the cytoplasm. Expression of KLF6 was further analyzed in breast cancer tissues overexpressing ERBB2 oncoprotein, which is associated with poor disease prognosis and patient's survival. The analysis of 48 ductal carcinomas revealed a significant population expressing KLF6 predominantly in the nuclear compartment (X2 p = 0.005; Fisher p = 0.003). Moreover, this expression pattern correlates directly with early stage and small ductal breast tumors and linked to metastatic events in lymph nodes. Conclusions/Significance Data are consistent with a preferential localization of KLF6 in the nuclear compartment of early stage and small HER2-ERBB2 overexpressing ductal breast tumor cells, also presenting lymph node metastatic events. Thus, KLF6 tumor suppressor could represent a new molecular marker candidate for tumor prognosis and/or a potential target for therapy strategies.
Meta-analysis: efficacy of small bowel preparation for small bowel video capsule endoscopy

Abstract Objective: It is unclear whether small bowel visibility in video capsule endoscopy (VCE) is enhanced by the use of bowel preparation in addition to pre-procedural fasting. The objective of this study was to clarify this issue by means of a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Methods: Randomised controlled trials comparing the use of laxative bowel preparation with fasting alone were identified using a literature search. Categorical measures of treatment efficacy were extracted from qualifying studies and pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. Primary analysis compared any bowel preparation with fasting alone; subsidiary analyses assessed diagnostic yield and results for each regimen. Results: Eight studies were identified, using either polyethylene glycol (PEG) or sodium phosphate (NaP) based regimens. No qualifying studies were identified using other laxatives. Study quality was sufficiently high to warrant meta-analysis. Use of any form of bowel preparation yielded significantly better visibility than fasting alone (OR = 2.31; 95% CI = 1.46–3.63; p < 0.0001). Similar results were seen for diagnostic yield (OR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.24–2.84; p = 0.023). When sub-analysed according to the treatment used, PEG-based regimens showed benefit (OR = 3.11; 95% CI = 1.96–4.94; p < 0.0001), while NaP-based regimens yielded no significant difference from fasting alone (OR = 1.32; 95% CI = 0.59–2.96; p < 0.0001). Limitations: The study did not consider results from retrospective studies, nor those which did not give a categorical measure of efficacy. The impact of prokinetic and other adjunctive treatments was not considered. The results are only relevant to the most commonly used video capsule, as data for newer alternative devices have not yet been published. Conclusion: Based on the results of this analysis, the use of bowel preparation alongside fasting is recommended for VCE. PEG-based regimens offer a clear advantage in these patients, while the currently available evidence base does not support the use of NaP. For VCE, lower volume PEG appears to be as efficacious as higher volumes traditionally used for colonoscopy preparation.
The Functional Interplay Between the t(9;22)-Associated Fusion Proteins BCR/ABL and ABL/BCR in Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphatic Leukemia

The hallmark of Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) leukemia is the BCR/ABL kinase, which is successfully targeted by selective ATP competitors. However, inhibition of BCR/ABL alone is unable to eradicate Ph+ leukemia. The t(9;22) is a reciprocal translocation which encodes not only for the der22 (Philadelphia chromosome) related BCR/ABL, but also for der9 related ABL/BCR fusion proteins, which can be detected in 65% of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and 100% of patients with Ph+ acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL). ABL/BCRs are oncogenes able to influence the lineage commitment of hematopoietic progenitors. Aim of this study was to further disclose the role of p96ABL/BCR for the pathogenesis of Ph+ ALL. The co-expression of p96ABL/BCR enhanced the kinase activity and as a consequence, the transformation potential of p185BCR/ABL. Targeting p96ABL/BCR by RNAi inhibited growth of Ph+ ALL cell lines and Ph+ ALL patient-derived long-term cultures (PD-LTCs). Our in vitro and in vivo stem cell studies further revealed a functional hierarchy of p96ABL/BCR and p185BCR/ABL in hematopoietic stem cells. Co-expression of p96ABL/BCR abolished the capacity of p185BCR/ABL to induce a CML-like disease and led to the induction of ALL. Taken together our here presented data reveal an important role of p96ABL/BCR for the pathogenesis of Ph+ ALL.
Identifying beneficial task relations for multi-task learning in deep neural networks

Multi-task learning (MTL) in deep neural networks for NLP has recently received increasing interest due to some compelling benefits, including its potential to efficiently regularize models and to reduce the need for labeled data. While it has brought significant improvements in a number of NLP tasks, mixed results have been reported, and little is known about the conditions under which MTL leads to gains in NLP. This paper sheds light on the specific task relations that can lead to gains from MTL models over single-task setups.
Atpg For Heat Dissipation Minimization During Scan Testing

An ATPG technique is proposed that reduces heat dissipationduring testing of sequential circuits that have full-scan. The objectiveis to permit safe and inexpensive testing of low power circuitsand bare die that would otherwise require expensive heat removalequipment for testing at high speeds. The proposed ATPG exploitsall don't cares that occur during scan shifting, test application, andresponse capture to minimize switching activity in the circuit undertest. Furthermore, an ATPG that maximizes the number of state inputsthat are assigned don't care values, has been developed. Theproposedtechniquehas beenimplemented and usedto generatetestsfor full scan versions of ISCAS 89 benchmark circuits. These testsdecrease the average number of transitions during test by 19% to89%, when comparedwith those generatedby a simple PODEM implementation.
Alternate Host Phenology Affects Survivorship, Growth, and Development of Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Larvae

Abstract The commercial release of transgenic maize with resistance to rootworms incorporated with glyphosate tolerance has become a reality, and questions have arisen regarding the impact of grassy weed phenology on the biology of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. A study to determine the impact of host plant phenology on the survivorship (percentage larval recovery), growth (dry-weight gain), and development (change in head capsule width) of western corn rootworm larvae was conducted in a split-split-plot randomized complete block design experiment under greenhouse conditions. Six host species were evaluated under eight weekly infestations of 15 neonate western corn rootworm larvae that were sampled for larval recovery after 7, 14, and 21 d, each with five replications. Percentage larval recovery, change in head capsule width and weight gain were significantly impacted by infestation time and host species. Other than from maize, Zea mays L. , larval survivorship was highest in large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis L. Scop, followed by giant foxtail, Setaria faberi R. A. W. Herrm, witchgrass, Panicum capillare L. , woolly cupgrass, Eriochloa gracilis, and green foxtail, Setaria viridis L. P. Beauv. Infestation in weeks 4, 5, and 6 supported western corn rootworm survivorship, growth, and development better than infestation at later times. Alternate host phenology may be an important larval movement factor between grassy weeds and transgenic rootworm-resistant maize.
Comparison of Two VR Platforms for Rehabilitation: Video Capture versus HMD

In recent years, clinical studies have begun to demonstrate the effectiveness of VR as an intervention tool for a variety of neurological conditions. There remain, however, a number of important issues that must be addressed in order to determine how widely VR-based intervention should be applied, and the user and platform characteristics that may be important when using VR in clinical settings. One of the unresolved issues that must be addressed is the suitability of particular VR platforms in relation to the therapeutic goals one wishes to achieve. Studying and identifying the characteristics of each platform may assist the therapist in choosing a suitable VR platform for the patient's needs. The purpose of this paper is to describe the results of a study of healthy participants (N = 89) using 2 different VR platforms in combination with 1 of the 2 virtual environments that was designed to compare the sense of presence, incidence of side effects, perceived exertion, and performance. The data demonstrate significant differences in some of the key characteristics of both VR platforms and environments as they affect participants' sense of presence, performance, side effects, and exertion. We conclude that when seeking a suitable VR therapeutic application, the user's characteristics together with attributes of the VR platform must be taken into consideration since both appear to have an impact on key outcome measures.