Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Different? Not Different?

How do individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), including high-functioning individuals with ASD and individuals with Asperger’s syndrome (AS), differ from a comparison group without ASD? Do they differ in terms of neural substrates, cognitive abilities, linguistic skills, or social communicative functioning, made manifest in “abnormalities in the system of self-in-relation-to-other,” as suggested by Hobson (this issue, p. 6)? Could language, or more specifically, the ability to understand or use nonliteral language (or lack thereof), be revealing in this respect? According to Hobson (1991, this issue), language reflects humans’ interpersonal communicative engagement. Developing sensitivity to pragmatics (i.e., to context and hence to nonliteral language and thought), crucially depends on affective, interpersonal engagements. More specifically, Hobson suggests that breakdowns in the development of critical forms of social experience arise through difficulties in identifying with other people’s alternative orientations, leading to wide-ranging restrictions in the children’s stance-adjustment. From this perspective, it is social–communicative malfunctioning, then, that prompts atypical linguistic behaviors, found among individuals with ASD as well as among individuals with other disabilities (not involving neurological impairments) such as congenital blindness. But is it really the case that individuals with ASD are insensitive to contextual information and fail to make sense of nonliteral language? Giora, Gazal, Goldstein, Fein, and Stringaris (this issue) examine these issues by looking at the salient–nonsalient continuum rather than at the literal–nonliteral divide. According to the graded salience hypothesis (Giora, 1997, 2003), novelty rather than nonliterality matters; late contextual effects make a difference as well. Indeed, Giora et al. found that individuals with Asperger’s syndrome (AS) fared worse than control participants overall (probably as a result of limited exposure to communicative interactions). However, both clinical and comparison groups exhibited similar patterns of behavior. Both groups performed better on familiar than on novel items, regardless of degree of nonliterality; both groups further benefited from contextual information which improved performance on low-familiar/low-apt metaphors (which, outside of a supportive context, made least sense); and both groups attributed nonliteral interpretations to negative rather than to affirmative utterances, although both were potentially ambiguous between literal and nonliteral interpretations. But what if, when engaging in language processing, individuals with ASD exhibit different brain activity, compared to control participants without ASD? Would these differences be a determinant affecting different behaviors? Previous studies by Faust and her colleagues showed
Movement-related inputs to intermediate cerebellum of the monkey.

1. The primary goal of this study was to characterize the information about single-joint forelimb movements supplied to intermediate cerebellar cortex by mossy fibers. Discharge of mossy fibers and Golgi cells was studied while monkeys operated six devices that required movements about specific joints. Additional control experiments in anesthetized cats and monkeys established criteria for identification of mossy fibers and Golgi cells. 2. The control experiments demonstrate that mossy fibers can be distinguished from Purkinje and Golgi cells by the waveshapes of their action potentials. Asynaptic activation from the inferior cerebellar peduncle, in combination with histological localization of recording sites in granular layer or subcortical white matter, verified that mossy fibers produce a variety of waveshapes that are characterized by brief initial phases and relatively small amplitudes. The same waveshapes were observed for the mossy fiber recordings from awake monkeys, and many identified mossy fibers had sensory properties similar to those found in the awake animals. From these combined criteria, we conclude that the recordings in the awake animals were from mossy fibers. Golgi cells, recorded exclusively in the granular layer of cerebellar cortex, were characterized by action potentials of longer duration and larger amplitude as compared with mossy fibers, and none were asynaptically activated from the inferior cerebellar peduncle. 3. Units were isolated while the monkeys made free-form and tracking movements. We studied movement-related discharge of 80 mossy fibers and 12 Golgi cells. Mossy fibers showed high modulations during use of at least one of the six manipulanda and had clear preferences for movement about a specific joint, although they often showed consistent but weaker firing during movement about a neighboring joint. Separation of movements by more than one joint produced a large reduction in discharge: shoulder units never fired well to movements of the finger, and finger units never fired well to movement of the shoulder. 4. The tracking task required maintenance of fixed limb positions (a static phase) as well as movements between these positions (a dynamic phase). Of 80 mossy fibers, 18% had purely tonic discharge patterns, 63% were phasic-tonic, and 20% were purely phasic. Discharge patterns were reciprocal (45%), bidirectional (42%), or unidirectional (13%). 5. Eighty percent of the mossy fibers exhibited tonic discharge that was significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with joint angle (r = 0.65 +/- 0.19, mean +/- SD), and about one third had phasic components that were significantly correlated with movement velocity. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Occupational well-being as a mediator between job insecurity and turnover intention: Findings at the individual and work department levels

This study examined the relationship between job insecurity and turnover intention by applying occupational well-being (exhaustion, vigour) as a mediator. The study was inspired by two theories: the conservation of resources and emotional contagion theories. We investigated the relationships at the individual and work department levels by utilizing Multi-Level Structural Equation Modeling (ML-SEM) with the aim of clarifying whether the mediating mechanism was similar at both levels. In addition, we examined the relationships across the levels (cross-level interactions). Self-report data for the study were obtained from Finnish University staff (N = 2137 individual respondents from 78 work departments). The analyses resulted in three main findings. First, job insecurity, turnover intention, and occupational well-being were found, to some extent (2–6%), to be shared experiences within work departments. Second, we found that low occupational well-being (high exhaustion, low vigour) partly mediated the relationship between job insecurity and turnover intention at both levels of analysis. Third, the results on cross-level interactions revealed that the lower the level of well-being at the work department level, the stronger the negative effect of job insecurity on well-being at the individual level. Thus, if poor well-being characterizes the work department, this may strengthen the negative relationship between job insecurity and well-being at the individual level.
Parental Psychological Control and Autonomy Granting: Distinctions and Associations with Child and Family Functioning

SYNOPSIS Objective . This study utilized an observational coding scheme to identify parenting behavior reflecting psychological control and autonomy granting, and examined relations between these parenting dimensions and indices of child and family functioning. Design . A community sample of 90 preadolescents (aged 10.5 to 12 years) and both of their parents engaged in a triadic interaction that was coded for parental psychological control and autonomy granting. Participants also completed measures of child adjustment, interparental conflict, and triangulation. Results . Factor analyses indicated that a two-factor model better fit the data than a one-factor model, suggesting that psychological control and autonomy granting are best conceptualized as independent but related constructs. Parental psychological control and autonomy granting exhibited some shared and some unique correlates with indices of child and family functioning. Hierarchical regressions revealed significant interactions between these dimensions, suggesting that the strength of some associations between parents' use of psychological control and youth adjustment problems depends on the level of autonomy granting exhibited by the parent. Conclusions . By examining psychological control and autonomy granting simultaneously as unique constructs, this study identifies patterns of psychological control and autonomy granting that undermine youth adjustment. Findings inform targeted intervention efforts for families of preadolescent youth.
Universal Background Models for Dynamic Signature Verification

The applicability of universal background models as a score normalization technique is studied for the case of dynamic signature verification. This technique is commonly used in speaker verification systems. Background models are tested in two different systems based on global features: one based on Parzen windows and another based on adapted Gaussian mixture models. Experiments are carried out in the large MCYT database (16,500 signatures from 330 users) revealing a significant improvement in the overall system performance, specially in the casual impostor scenario.
Study about the possibility of electrodes motion control in the EAF based on adaptive impedance control

The paper presents a study about the possibility of adaptive process control in three phased electric arc furnace. The method is based on the electrodes motion control. The control principle is depending on impedance of the electric arc. The method proposed use a data acquisition board whose input signals are taken from electric arc. These signals allow the calculation of electric arc impedance. Using a numeric computer, it can be commands the control of electrodes position independently on each one of three phases. We propose to use a static frequency converter on each phase to control the electrodes motion.
The Age At Leaving Home

*Richard Wall is a senior research officer at the Social Science Research Council Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure. An earlier version of this paper was presented to the XIII International Genealogical Conference held in London in September 1976. My particular thanks are due to Dr. Robert Gant of Kingston Polytechnic for generously providing the tabulations on Gilwern based on his own survey of 1966. I have benefitted greatly from discussions with Osamu Saito of Keio University in Tokyo and with my colleagues in the SSRC Cambridge Group. To leave home is the most straightforward of all migratory moves. It is something that nearly all of us do at some stage in our lives, yet, paradoxically, very little is known about it.1 Even less is known about &dquo;leaving home&dquo; in past societies and, although in the last few years there have been a number of studies on the history of childhood and on the evolution of the family, they have included little information on the age at which children in the past did leave home. 2 It is appropriate, however, to begin with these, before presenting fresh data which
Structure and Substance in Artificial-phonology Learning, Part I: Structure

Artificial analogues of natural-language phonological patterns can often be learned in the lab from small amounts of training or exposure. The difficulty of a featurally-defined pattern has been hypothesized to be affected by two main factors, its formal structure (the abstract logical configuration of the defining features) and its phonetic substance (the concrete phonetic interpretation of the pattern). This paper, the first of a two-part series, reviews the experimental literature on structural effects. The principal finding is a robust complexity effect: Patterns which depend on more features are reliably harder to learn.
The search space of the rat during whisking behavior

Rodents move their vibrissae rhythmically to tactually explore their surroundings. We used a three-dimensional model of the vibrissal array to quantify the rat's ‘search space’ during whisking. Search space was quantified either as the volume encompassed by the array or as the surface formed by the vibrissal tips. At rest, the average position of the vibrissal tips lies near the rat's mouth, and the tips are all approximately equidistant from the midpoint between the rat's eyes, suggesting spatial registration with the visual system. The intrinsic curvature of the vibrissae greatly increases the volume encompassed by the array, and during a protraction, roll and elevation changes have strong effects on the trajectories of the vibrissal tips. The size of the rat's search space – as measured either by the volume of the array or by the surface area formed by the vibrissal tips – was surprisingly unaffected by protraction angle. In contrast, search space was strongly correlated with the ‘spread’ of the array, defined as the angle between rostral and caudal-most whiskers. We draw two conclusions: first, that with some caveats, spread can be used as a proxy for changes in search space, and second, in order to change its sensing resolution, the rat must differentially control rostral and caudal vibrissae. Finally, we show that behavioral data can be incorporated into the three-dimensional model to visualize changes in vibrissal search space and sensing resolution during natural exploratory whisking.
Passive graft perfusion in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

BACKGROUND Myocardial protection during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) is a multifactorial problem in which maintaining stable systemic hemodynamics is very important. In this study passive graft perfusion (PGP) was applied to investigate the effect during and after OPCABG as evaluated by cardiac troponin I (CTnI) and hemodynamic indexes. METHODS Thirty first-time patients underwent OPCABG under one surgeon. They were randomly divided into two groups: The passive graft perfusion group (PGP, n = 15) received distal coronary perfusion during the anastomosis and immediate graft perfusion after the distal anastomosis. The control group, no graft perfusion group, (NGP, n = 15) received no graft perfusion after the distal anastomosis. The results of the two protocols were evaluated by concentration of CTnI and hemodynamic indexes before induction and after operation. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between these two groups in their perioperation parameters. The level of CTnI increased postoperatively, reached its peak at 6 hours (P < 0.05) and recovered by the 6 days postoperative. Compared with the control group the concentration of CTnI in the PGP group was significantly lower at 6 and 24 hours (P < 0.01). Compared with the NGP group, cardiac index (CI) in the PGP group was higher at 12 and 24 hours after operation (P < 0.05). The period of mechanical ventilation was significantly shorter in the PGP group than in the NGP group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION PGP can increase the flow to the myocardium and shorten the heart ischemia time, thus maintain stable systemic hemodynamics, supply a satisfactory CI after surgery and improve surgery outcome.
The combined effects of beta-shear and environmental shear on a dry tropical cyclone in a numerical model

High values of vertical wind shear have been shown to inhibit tropical cyclone (TC) genesis and intensification, while low shear values favor genesis and intensification (Gray 1975). Studies have demonstrated that shear generates a tilt in TC core, resulting in persistent wavenumber-1 asymmetry in vertical motion (e.g. Jones 1995; DeMaria 1996; Bender 1997; Frank and Ritchie 1999, 2001). This asymmetry weakens convection in the downshearright sector of the storm. The TC weakens due to the advection of the upper-level structure of the TC downstream, less optimal eye warming forced by asymmetric convection, and outward mixing of moist static energy by transient eddies in upper-levels (Frank and Ritchie 2001). Jones (1995, 2004) has shown moist processes are not necessary for TC to maintain structure in presence of vertical shear. As vortex begins to tilt due to shear, structure of thermal fields adjust such that vortex reaches new balanced state, with only gradual weakening over course of several days. Dry simulations of TCs in vertical shear are possible. Similar to moist simulations, wavenumber-1 asymmetry is produced and descent (–w) develops on the downshear hemisphere of the TC. Ritchie and Frank 2007 (RF07) simulate a TC on a β-plane using MM5 version 5.3, with a 5 km resolution inner nest, 23 vertical levels, BurkThompson boundary layer, and full moist physics. This configuration is unprecedented amongst studies of the β-effect on an idealized vortex. In a β-plane, βshear may exist over the TC center due to a change in strength of β-gyres with height corresponding to a vertical change in strength of the vortex. β-gyres are produced by the advection of planetary vorticity by the storm circulation and the restraint of conserving absolute vorticity. A +ζ (ζ) anomaly develops to in the southwest (northeast) quadrant of the cyclone, resulting in a self-induced β-advection. RF07 suggest that previous simulations that do incorporate β-plane (e.g., Chan and Williams 1987; Fiorino and Elsberry 1989; Carr and Williams 1989) are too low resolution to resolve low-level jet that develops through core of TC due to β-shear. RF07 compare effects of β-shear versus no β-shear (in an f-plane) without background environmental shear. They find persistent NNW shear develops over storm center as a result of interaction between primary circulation of TC and gradient in absolute vorticity. An asymmetry resembling that produced by environmental shear is observed. This research seeks simulate the impacts of varying between an f-plane and a β-plane, and between easterly shear and westerly shear, on a TClike vortex. An identification of β-shear in the model is also sought.
Clinical Course of Patients Treated for Advanced Ovarian Carcinoma without Surgical Intervention

Objective To describe the clinical course and outcome of patients with non-surgically-treated advanced ovarian cancer attending a single institute. Methodology/Principal Findings We reviewed the medical charts of all patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer who underwent chemotherapy at a tertiary medical center between January 2005 and December 2010 but were never operated. Data on patient characteristics, disease course, and outcome were collected from patient files. Sixteen patients met the inclusion criteria. Eight (50%) were diagnosed with apparent FIGO stage IIIC disease, and 8 with stage IV. Five patients (31%) achieved a complete clinical response, and 11 (69%) achieved a partial response. Among the complete responders, the median disease-free interval was 8 months (range 7–11 months). In all of them, the disease recurred and second-line chemotherapy was administered. Of them, four (80%) achieved a second complete response. Partial responders had up to four lines of chemotherapy, with continued disease progression. The median overall survival of the whole group was 19.5 months, and of the complete responders, 28 months. Conclusions/Significance Most patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma who will not undergo surgery respond only partially to first-line chemotherapy. Having no surgery is associated with a short disease-free interval.
Cycles in symbol production? A new model to explain concentration, diversity and innovation in the music industry

With the publication of the article ‘Cycles in symbol production’ (Peterson and Berger 1975) a discussion started concerning the advantages and disadvantages of the production of cultural goods under market conditions. The analysis by Peterson and Berger showed a negative correlation between concentration in the recording industry, on the one hand, and the diversity and innovativeness of the music, on the other. Repetition of the analysis using data from the 1980s (Burnett 1990; Lopes 1992) has shown that for this period Peterson and Berger's hypotheses should be rejected. Is there a connection between concentration and diversity and innovation? Are there cycles in symbol production? There seems to be no conclusive answer. In this article, I will attempt to clear up this matter. First, I will repeat the analysis of the relation between concentration and diversity/innovation, using the same model as Peterson and Berger, but with different definitions for the variables concentration, diversity and innovation. Then I will suggest a new model, which can be helpful in uncovering other factors influencing diversity and innovation in the music industry. I will come to that later. Let me first give the reader a brief overview of previous research.
Xerostomia, hyposalivation and oral microbiota in patients using antihypertensive medications.

OBJECTIVE Oral dryness can contribute to several diseases in the oral cavity. The objective of the present study was to compare the subjective oral dryness, salivary flow rates, the number of oral microbiota, and the dental status between medicated hypertensive patients and control subjects. MATERIAL AND METHOD Four hundred subjects including 200 ambulatory hypertensive patients who were taking antihypertensive medications and 200 control subjects were included. Each subject's medical history was reviewed. The subject's oral health status, salivary flow rate, and the number of oral microbiota were also evaluated. RESULTS The prevalence rate of xerostomia in the medicated hypertensive group was 50% whereas only 25.5% of the control group had xerostomia (p < 0.05). Using modified Schirmer test (MST), the mean unstimulated salivary flow rate of the medicated hypertensive group (23.11 +/- 6.08 mm/3 min) was significantly lower than that of the control group (31.30 +/- 3.36 mm/3 min) (p < 0.05). In addition, the mean stimulated salivary flow rate of the medicated hypertensive group (0.73 +/- 0.30 ml/min) was also significantly lower than that of the control group (1.31 +/- 0.34 mi/min) (p < 0.05). The strongest associated factor for dry mouth was the use of antihypertensive medications (OR = 6.28). The mean levels of mutans streptococci, Lactobacilli spp. and Candida spp. in the medicated hypertensive group were significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, medicated hypertensive patients were more likely to have missing teeth compared to control subjects. CONCLUSION Xerostomia, hyposalivation, and increasing number of oral microbiota were more prevalent in hypertensive patients taking antihypertensive medications.
Aquaplanets, Climate Sensitivity, and Low Clouds

Abstract Cloud effects have repeatedly been pointed out as the leading source of uncertainty in projections of future climate, yet clouds remain poorly understood and simulated in climate models. Aquaplanets provide a simplified framework for comparing and understanding cloud effects, and how they are partitioned as a function of regime, in large-scale models. This work uses two climate models to demonstrate that aquaplanets can successfully predict a climate model’s sensitivity to an idealized climate change. For both models, aquaplanet climate sensitivity is similar to that of the realistic configuration. Tropical low clouds appear to play a leading role in determining the sensitivity. Regions of large-scale subsidence, which cover much of the tropics, are most directly responsible for the differences between the models. Although cloud effects and climate sensitivity are similar for aquaplanets and realistic configurations, the aquaplanets lack persistent stratocumulus in the tropical atmosphere. This, .