Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bounds for Serre's open image theorem

Let E be an elliptic curve over the rationals without complex multiplication. The absolute Galois group of Q acts on the group of torsion points of E, and this action can be expressed in terms of a Galois representation rho_E:Gal(Qbar/Q) \to GL_2(Zhat). A renowned theorem of Serre says that the image of rho_E is open, and hence has finite index, in GL_2(Zhat). We give the first general bounds of this index in terms of basic invariants of E. For example, the index can be bounded by a polynomial function of the logarithmic height of the j-invariant of E. As an application of our bounds, we settle an open question on the average of constants arising from the Lang-Trotter conjecture.
Correlation between Fitness and Fatness in 6-14-year Old Serbian School Children

Lack of physical activity and/or physical fitness are some reasons epidemiologists suggest for increase in childhood obesity in the last 20 years, with clear correlation between body composition and physical activity and/or physical fitness yet to be determined. The objectives of the study were to (a) investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Serbian school children and (b) determine the relationship between indicators of physical activity and body fatness in Serbian school children aged 6-14 years. The study subjects included a representative sample of Serbian elementary school children (n=1, 121—754 boys and 367 girls—aged 6.2-14.1 years), all of whom were recruited in the OLIMP (Obesity and Physical Activity among Serbian School Children) study. Anthropometric and physical fitness values, including body mass index (BMI), waist-circumference, body-fat, and aerobic capacity, were measured in all the children. Significant differences were found between male and female children regarding the prevalence of obesity (6.8% vs 8.2%, p<0.05, boys and girls respectively). Boys had significantly lower body mass, BMI, waist-circumference, sum of six skinfolds, and body-fat compared to their female counterparts (p<0.05). The highest level of weight, BMI, body-fat, and waist-circumference observed in a 14-year old girl (96.3 kg, 40.5 kg/m2, 54.5%, 91.4 cm respectively) implies the existence of extreme obesity in Serbian school children. The negative relationship between body-fat and maximal oxygen (VO2max) uptake was moderately high (r=-0.76; p<0.05). The study has shown a high prevalence of adiposity among Serbian school children, with a strong negative relationship between aerobic fitness and body fatness. Data of the study emphasize the necessity to identify children with weight problems and to develop early interventions to improve physical activity in children and prevent the increase of childhood obesity.
Large-scale numerical evidence for Bose condensation in the S=1 antiferromagnetic chain in a strong field.

Using the recently proposed density matrix renormalization group technique [1] we show that the magnons in the S = 1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain effectively behaves as bosons that condense at a critical field hc. We determine the spin-wave velocity, v = 2.49(1), as well as the gap � = 0.4107(1)J.
Meta-analysis of ischemic preconditioning (IP) on postoperative outcomes after liver resections

Background: The protective role (decrease ischemia-reperfusion injury) of ischemic preconditioning (IP) before continuous vascular occlusion in liver resection is controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the advantages and any potential disadvantages of IP maneuver. Methods: A systematic search in the Embase, Medline, PubMed databases, and the Cochrane Library was performed using both medical subject headings (MeSH) and truncated word searches to identify all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published on this topic. The primary outcomes were postoperative morbidity, mortality, postoperative aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level, and total bilirubin (TB) level. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using either the random effects model or fixed effects model. Results: Thirteen RCTs involving 918 patients were analyzed to achieve a summated outcome. The patients have been divided into IP group (n = 455) and no IP group (n = 463) before continuous vascular occlusion. No significant difference was found in postoperative mortality between both groups (P = .30). Subgroup analysis revealed that the postoperative morbidity in the cirrhosis subgroup was significantly less for the IP group compared with the control group (P = .01). In the cirrhosis subgroup, the result was stable (P = .04), without heterogeneity (P = .59; I2 = 0%). Meta-analysis of AST level on postoperative day (POD) 1 indicated lower postoperative AST level in the IP group (P = .04). The analysis of ALT level showed lower ALT level in the IP group versus control group (P = .02). However, there was no difference in postoperative AST and ALT level after excluding 1 study with statistical heterogeneity (all P > .05). With respect to postoperative TB level, there was no significant difference between 2 groups. Conclusion: IP cannot decrease the hospital mortality for patients undergoing hepatectomy. IP may be beneficial for patients with cirrhosis due to less morbidity in patients with liver cirrhosis. However, we cannot conclude that IP can decrease ischemia-reperfusion injury because it did not significantly decrease postoperative AST, ALT, and TB levels.
Myositis in mixed connective tissue disease: a unique syndrome characterized by immunohistopathologic elements of both polymyositis and dermatomyositis.

OBJECTIVE To characterize the inflammatory cells, the expression pattern of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1), membrane attack complex (C5b-9), and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens in muscle biopsy of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). METHOD We studied 14 patients with MCTD, and compared to 8 polimyositis (PM) patients, 5 dermatomyositis (DM) and 4 dystrophies. Inflammatory cells were examined for CD4+, CD8+, memory and naive T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages. Expression of MHC-I and -II, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and C5b -9 were characterized on muscle fibers and vessels. RESULTS Morphological analysis displayed a pattern of PM. Immunohistochemical study revealed a decreased number of capillaries, predominance of CD4+ and B cells in perivascular regions and predominance of CD8+ and CD45RO+ in endomysial regions. The expression of MHC-I on vessels and on degenerated muscle fibers, MHC-II expression on vessels and perifascicular muscle fibers, and the expression of ICAM-1 / VCAM-1 on endothelial cells indicated both vascular and cellular-immune mediated processes causing the muscular lesion. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed a mixed mechanism in MCTD, both vascular involvement as DM, and cell-mediated like PM.
Surgical outcome and complications following cleft lip and palate repair in a teaching hospital in Nigeria

Background: Measurement of treatment outcome is important in estimating the success of cleft management. The aim of this study was to assess the surgical outcome of cleft lip and palate surgery. Patients and Methods: The surgical outcome of 131 consecutive patients with cleft lip and palate surgeries between October 2008 and December 2010 were prospectively evaluated at least 4 weeks postoperatively. Data collected included information about the age, sex, type of cleft defects, and type of surgery performed as well as postoperative complications. For cleft lip repair, the Pennsylvania lip and nose (PLAN) score was used to assess the surgical outcome, while the integrity of the closure was used for cleft palate repair. Results: A total of 92 patients had cleft lip repair and 64 had palate repair. Overall, 68.8% cases of cleft lip and palate repair had good outcomes; 67.9% of lip repairs had good lip and nose scores, while 70.2% of palatal repair had a good surgical outcome. Oro-fistula was observed in 29.8% of cleft palate repairs Inter-rater reliability coefficient was substantially significant. Conclusions: The fact that 25.7% of those treated were aged >1 year suggests a continued need to enlighten the public on the availability of cleft lip and palate expertise and treatment. Although an overall good treatment outcome was demonstrated in this study, the nasal score was poorer than the lip score. Complication rate of about 14% following surgical repair is consistent with previous reports in the literature.
The neutrophil serine protease inhibitor serpinb1 preserves lung defense functions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection

Neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs; elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase-3) directly kill invading microbes. However, excess NSPs in the lungs play a central role in the pathology of inflammatory pulmonary disease. We show that serpinb1, an efficient inhibitor of the three NSPs, preserves cell and molecular components responsible for host defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. On infection, wild-type (WT) and serpinb1-deficient mice mount similar early responses, including robust production of cytokines and chemokines, recruitment of neutrophils, and initial containment of bacteria. However, serpinb1−/− mice have considerably increased mortality relative to WT mice in association with late-onset failed bacterial clearance. We found that serpinb1-deficient neutrophils recruited to the lungs have an intrinsic defect in survival accompanied by release of neutrophil protease activity, sustained inflammatory cytokine production, and proteolysis of the collectin surfactant protein–D (SP-D). Coadministration of recombinant SERPINB1 with the P. aeruginosa inoculum normalized bacterial clearance in serpinb1−/− mice. Thus, regulation of pulmonary innate immunity by serpinb1 is nonredundant and is required to protect two key components, the neutrophil and SP-D, from NSP damage during the host response to infection.
NOT LIKE US: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE PERSONALITIES OF NEW ZEALAND CEOS

We investigated the extent to which the personalities of New Zealand Chief Executive Officers (NZ CEOs) are similar to or different from a normal adult working population, whether they were more homogeneous than the norm, and whether there were meaningful differences among CEOs. With a sample (N 151) of CEOs and CEO aspirants we show that CEOs are significantly and meaningfully different from a normal population on measures of “bright side” style, “dark side” derailers, and “inside” values. Specifically, NZ CEOs are more stable and composed, much more competitive and ambitious, outgoing, and oriented to formal learning. These characteristics are confirmed in measures of derailers and values. We also identified significant homogeneity. Finally, we classified the CEO cohort into three meaningfully distinct “subtribes. ” Implications for the selection, development, and coaching of CEOs are discussed, along with the study’s limitations and suggestions for ongoing research.
The role of mobile genetic elements in evolutionary longevity of heritable endobacteria

ABSTRACT The movement of mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including bacteriophages, insertion sequence (IS) elements, and integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) can have profound effects on bacterial evolution by introducing novel genes, or disrupting the existing ones. Obligate endobacteria are a distinctive group of bacteria that reside within the intracellular compartments of their eukaryotic hosts. Many obligate endobacteria are reproductively dependent on their hosts. Vertical transmission, in addition to degenerative genome contraction and loss of MGEs, makes heritable endobacteria vulnerable to Muller's ratchet, a process that jeopardizes evolutionary longevity of small populations. Mycoplasma-related endobacteria (MRE) are ancient heritable endosymbionts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Their genomes harbour numerous MGEs. To explore the significance of MGEs in the evolution of MRE and other obligate endobacteria, we analyze the impact of transmission mode, recombination, and evolutionary age on the maintenance of MGEs. Furthermore, we discuss the ability of MGEs to act as sites of gene conversion and recombination in endobacterial genomes. We propose that MGEs are important instruments of genome shuffling, contributing to population heterogeneity and evolutionary longevity in heritable obligate endobacteria.
Qualidade de vida e bem-estar psicológico no climatério

O climaterio e caracterizado por mudancas biopsicossociais expressivas que, conduzidas de maneira inadequada, podem prejudicar a qualidade de vida (QV) e o bem-estar psicologico (BEP). Para analisar a QV e o BEP de mulheres climatericas e a relacao dessas variaveis com caracteristicas demograficas e ginecologicas, 59 participantes responderam o WHOQOL-Bref e a PGCMS. Uma analise de Cluster com esses instrumentos formou dois grupos: niveis superiores e niveis inferiores de QV e BEP. Somente a terapia hormonal (TH) se associou positivamente a niveis superiores de QV e BEP. Isso ocorreu especificamente com o dominio Meio Ambiente do WHOQOL-Bref e com o fator Atitude frente ao Proprio Envelhecimento e o escore geral da PGCMS. E possivel afirmar que a amostra pesquisada possui niveis de QV e BEP compativeis com os observados em outras pesquisas e que a relacao da TH com essas variaveis e indireta.
GABAB Receptor-Mediated Presynaptic Inhibition Has History-Dependent Effects on Synaptic Transmission during Physiologically Relevant Spike Trains

Presynaptic inhibition is a form of neuromodulation that interacts with activity-dependent short-term plasticity so that the magnitude, and sometimes even the polarity, of that activity-dependent short-term plasticity is changed. However, the functional consequences of this interaction during physiologically relevant spike trains are poorly understood. We examined the effects of presynaptic inhibition on excitatory synaptic transmission during physiologically relevant spike trains, using the GABAB receptor (GABABR) agonist baclofen to engage presynaptic inhibition and field EPSPs (fEPSPs) in hippocampal slices to monitor synaptic output. We examined the effects of baclofen on the relationship between an fEPSP during the spike train and the timing of spikes preceding that fEPSP, a relationship that we refer to as the history dependence of synaptic transmission. Baclofen alters this history dependence by causing no inhibition during short interspike intervals (ISIs) in the spike train but a maximal inhibition during long ISIs. This effect strengthens the dependence of the fEPSP on the first ISI preceding it. One consequence of this effect is that the apparent affinity of baclofen is strongly reduced during physiologically relevant spike trains when compared with conventional stimulus paradigms, and a second consequence is that the overall inhibition experienced by a synapse will vary considerably during repeated trials of a behavioral task. We conclude that GABABR-mediated presynaptic inhibition is more accurately described as a high-pass filter than as a simple inhibition, and that this filtering must be taken into account to accurately assess the effects of presynaptic inhibition under physiologically relevant conditions.
Use of High‐Frequency, High‐Resolution Ultrasound Before Mohs Surgery

BACKGROUND Although ultrasound imaging is employed ubiquitously today, its use to examine and assess the skin is a relatively new technology. We explored the clinical application and use of high‐frequency, high‐resolution ultrasound in Mohs micrographic surgery. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ability of ultrasound to accurately determine lesion length and width of tumor borders in order to reduce the number of surgical stages. METHODS AND MATERIALS This was an institutional review board–approved single‐center study of 26 Mohs surgery patients. Ultrasound images were taken to record lesion dimensions, and then the investigator documented clinical estimation of the first stage. Extirpation of the tumor and histological analysis were performed thereafter. RESULTS The results of 20 patients were included in the analysis. A paired‐samples t‐test revealed no significant difference between clinical and ultrasound widths (t=−1.324, p=.20). Similarly, there was no significant difference between the lengths found from clinical assessment and ultrasound (t=−1.093, p=.29). For different tumor types, there was no significant difference between clinical and ultrasound widths or lengths for basal cell carcinoma (t=−1.307, p=.23; t=−1.389, p=.20) or squamous cell cancer (t=−0.342, p=.73; t=0.427, p=.68). CONCLUSION There is a diagnostic role for high‐resolution ultrasound in Mohs surgery regarding the delineation of surgical margins, but its limitations preclude its practical adoption at this time. The ultrasound equipment was loaned to the investigators. Funding for the study was provided by Longport, Inc.
Pesticide knowledge, practice and attitude and how it affects the health of small-scale farmers in Uganda: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND Over the past years there has been an increase in the use of pesticides in developing countries. This study describes pesticide use among small-scale farmers in Uganda and analyses predictors of pesticide poisoning (intoxication) symptoms. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted using a standardized questionnaire. Some 317 small-scale farmers in two districts in Uganda were interviewed about pesticide use, knowledge and attitude, symptoms of intoxication, personal protective equipment (PPE) and hygiene. The risk of reporting symptoms was analysed using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The most frequently used pesticides belonged to WHO class II. The farmers had poor knowledge about pesticide toxicity, and the majority did not use appropriate PPE nor good hygiene when handling pesticides. There was no significant association between the number of times of spraying with pesticides and self-reported symptoms of pesticide poisoning. The only significant association was between blowing and sucking the nozzle of the knapsack sprayer and self-reported symptoms of pesticide intoxication (OR: 2.13. 95% CI: 1.09 - 4.18). CONCLUSION Unlike the practice in several other developing countries, small-scale farmers in Uganda do not use the most hazardous pesticides (WHO class 1a and 1b). However use of WHO class II pesticides and those of lower toxicity is seen in combination with inadequate knowledge and practice among the farmers. This poses a danger of acute intoxications, chronic health problems and environmental pollution. Training of farmers in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) methods, use of proper hygiene and personal protective equipment when handling pesticides should be promoted.
Isometric Dilations of Non-Commuting Finite Rank n-Tuples

Abstract A contractive $n$ -tuple $A\,=\,({{A}_{1}},.,{{A}_{n}})$ has a minimal joint isometric dilation $S\,=\,({{S}_{1}},.,{{S}_{n}})$ where the ${{S}_{i}}$ ’s are isometries with pairwise orthogonal ranges. This determines a representation of the Cuntz-Toeplitz algebra. When $A$ acts on a finite dimensional space, the wot-closed nonself-adjoint algebra $\mathfrak{S}$ generated by $S$ is completely described in terms of the properties of $A$ . This provides complete unitary invariants for the corresponding representations. In addition, we show that the algebra $\mathfrak{S}$ is always hyper-reflexive. In the last section, we describe similarity invariants. In particular, an $n$ -tuple $B$ of $d\,\times \,d$ matrices is similar to an irreducible $n$ -tuple $A$ if and only if a certain finite set of polynomials vanish on $B$ .
Did the Financial Crisis in Japan Affect Household Welfare Seriously

We investigate whether and how the credit crunch during the financial crisis in Japan affected household welfare. We estimate the consumption Euler equation with endogenous credit constraints using household panel data for 1993i? ½1999, generating several findings. First, a small but non-negligible portion of the households faced credit constraints during the crisis, rejecting the standard consumption Euler equation. Second, the credit crunch affected household welfare negatively, albeit not seriously. The estimated welfare loss ranges between two to ten percent increases in marginal utility, depending on income level. Finally, our results corroborate that the credit crunch in Japan was supply-driven.
Quantifying Bayesian filter performance for turbulent dynamical systems through information theory

Incomplete knowledge of the true dynamics and its partial observations pose a notoriously difficult problem in many scientific applications which require predictions of high-dimensional dynamical systems with physical instabilities and energy fluxes across a wide range of scales. In such cases assimilation of real data into the modeled dynamics is necessary for mitigating model error and for improving the stability and predictive skill of imperfect models. However, the practically implementable data assimilation/filtering strategies are also imperfect and not optimal due to the formidably complex nature of the underlying dynamics. Here, the connections between information theory and the filtering problem are exploited in order to establish bounds on the filter error statistics, and to systematically study the statistical accuracy of various Kalman filters with model error for estimating the dynamics of spatially extended, partially observed turbulent systems. The effects of model error on filter stability and accuracy in this high-dimensional setting are analyzed through appropriate information measures which naturally extend the common path-wise estimates of filter performance, like the mean-square error or pattern correlation, to the statistical superensemble setting that involves all possible initial conditions and all realizations of noisy observations of the truth signal. Particular emphasis is on the notion of practically achievable filter skill which requires trade-offs between different facets of filter performance; a new information criterion is introduced in this context. This information-theoretic framework for assessment of filter performance is an important complement to the path-wise approach, and it has natural generalizations to Kalman filtering with non-Gaussian statistically exactly solvable forecast models. Here, this approach is utilized to study the performance of imperfect, reduced-order filters involving Gaussian forecast models which use various spatio-temporal discretizations to approximate the dynamics of the stochastically forced advection-diffusion equation; important examples in this configuration include effects of biases due to model error in the filter estimates for the mean dynamics which are quantified through appropriate information measures.