Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neurology in the next two decades

The last 20 years have seen an explosion of knowledge about the neurosciences and neurologic diseases. In the next two decades, we can expect a dramatic expansion in our ability to diagnose and treat neurologic diseases. It is necessary to maintain the quality of the neurologic workforce. This requires attracting outstanding medical students to neurology, thus maintaining a high quality of applicants to neurology residency programs. We are observing an increasing proportion of international medical graduates (IMGs) in our residency programs. There is concern about what effect changes in health care delivery in the United States will have on the number of residency positions and the utilization of neurologists in the coming years. The Workforce Task Force (WFTF) was appointed by the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) Board of Directors to address these concerns and to recommend ways to enhance the neurology workforce in the next two decades. This report is the result of 2 years of research and deliberations, assisted by Vector Research Inc. The full report is published on the AAN’s website (www.aan.com). The report considers adult and child neurologists, MD and DO neurologists, neurologists in training and those already qualified, and all branches of the profession—namely practice, teaching, research, and administration. It deals with supply and demand, quality, and the attraction of outstanding medical students to neurology. ### Supply projections. The projections of the WFTF and Vector Research Inc. were based on the Bureau of Health Professions Physician Supply Model, using the American Medical Association Masterfile data, estimates of age- and sex-specific death and retirement rates, and the number of graduating neurology residents. Three scenarios were projected. The Baseline Scenario assumed that the number of neurology residents graduating each year remained constant at the 375 for 1996. The High Scenario was based on the projection by the Neurology Residency Matching …
Halo (Spillover) Effects in Social Media: Do Product Recalls of One Brand Hurt or Help Rival Brands?

Online chatter is important because it is spontaneous, passionate, information rich, granular, and live. Thus, it can forewarn and be diagnostic about potential problems with automobile models, known as nameplates. The authors define “perverse halo” (or negative spillover) as the phenomenon whereby negative chatter about one nameplate increases negative chatter for another nameplate. The authors test the existence of such a perverse halo for 48 nameplates from four different brands during a series of automobile recalls. The analysis is by individual and panel vector autoregressive models. The study finds that perverse halo is extensive. It occurs for nameplates within the same brand across segments and across brands within segments. It is strongest between brands of the same country. Perverse halo is asymmetric, being stronger from a dominant brand to a less dominant brand than vice versa. Apology advertising about recalls has harmful effects on both the recalled brand and its rivals. Furthermore, these halo effects affect downstream performance metrics such as sales and stock market performance. Online chatter amplifies the negative effect of recalls on downstream sales by about 4.5 times.
The Structure of Paranormal Beliefs Among Australian Psychology Students

A 46-item paranormal belief questionnaire was given to 836 Australian psychology students. Paranormal items, derived from the popular media, were rated on a 5-point strength of evidence scale. Responses to the questionnaire were correlated and subjected to a principle axis factor analysis, followed by orthogonal and oblique rotation. A seven-factor Obliquely rotated solution, accounting for 38.49% of the variance, was chosen as most interpretable. The seven factor were identified as popular science, obscure unbelief, traditional religion, alternative treatments, paratherapies, functional psi, and structural psi. Results thus provide support for the multidimensional structure of paranormal beliefs.
Concepts of Culture and Organizational Analysis.

Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the International Communication Association/Speech Communication Association Conference on Interpretive Approaches to Organizational Communication, Alta, Utah, July 1981, and the Eastern Academy of Management meetings, Baltimore, Maryland, May 1982. I would like to express special appreciation to Mike Pacanowsky and Linda Putnam for organizing the Interpretive Conference, which provided the impetus as well as encouragement for the development of these ideas. Thanks also to Gareth Morgan, Linda Pike, Lou Pondy, and Karl Weick for their various forms of inspiration. This paper examines the significance of the concept of culture for organizational analysis. The intersection of culturetheory and organization theory is evident in five current research themes: comparative management, corporate culture, organizational cognition, organizational symbolism, and unconscious processes and organization. Researchers pursue these themes for different purposes and their work is based on different assumptions about the nature of culture and organization. The task of evaluating the power and limitations of the concept of culture must be conducted within this assumptive context. This review demonstrates that the concept of culture takes organization analysis in several different and promising directions.
How selective are selective word class deficits? Two case studies of action and object naming

Abstract In this article two case studies of fluent aphasic speakers are presented. Both patients performed significantly worse on an action-naming task than on an object-naming task, whereas comprehension of verbs was spared. The items of the action-naming test were controlled not only for the well-known factors that may influence word retrieval (e.g. word-frequency and imageability), but also for other variables that might be of relevance-that is, instrumentality, name relation to a noun and transitivity. Although both patients retrieved nouns better than verbs, word class as such did not seem to be the discriminating factor. In one patient name relation to a noun was particularly helpful in verb retrieval (verbs related in name to nouns were retrieved as easily as nouns in general), whereas in the other patient transitivity demonstrated an effect : he retrieved transitive verbs significantly better than intransitive verbs. It will be argued that the often-made distinction between verbs and nouns may be.
A non‐canonical function of Plk4 in centriolar satellite integrity and ciliogenesis through PCM1 phosphorylation

Centrioles are the major constituents of the animal centrosome, in which Plk4 kinase serves as a master regulator of the duplication cycle. Many eukaryotes also contain numerous peripheral particles known as centriolar satellites. While centriolar satellites aid centriole assembly and primary cilium formation, it is unknown whether Plk4 plays any regulatory roles in centriolar satellite integrity. Here we show that Plk4 is a critical determinant of centriolar satellite organisation. Plk4 depletion leads to the dispersion of centriolar satellites and perturbed ciliogenesis. Plk4 interacts with the satellite component PCM1, and its kinase activity is required for phosphorylation of the conserved S372. The nonphosphorylatable PCM1 mutant recapitulates phenotypes of Plk4 depletion, while the phosphomimetic mutant partially rescues the dispersed centriolar satellite patterns and ciliogenesis in cells depleted of PCM1. We show that S372 phosphorylation occurs during the G1 phase of the cell cycle and is important for PCM1 dimerisation and interaction with other satellite components. Our findings reveal that Plk4 is required for centriolar satellite function, which may underlie the ciliogenesis defects caused by Plk4 dysfunction.
Increased Ghrelin Levels and Unchanged Adipocytokine Levels in Major Depressive Disorder.

OBJECTIVE One of the hypotheses of the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) proposes that there is a relationship between adipocytokine and ghrelin levels and depression. METHODS Patients with major depression with a BMI ≤25 kg/m2 between the ages of 11 and 18 years (n = 30) were compared with a healthy control group (n = 30). Both groups were evaluated across a pretreatment period (MD-PT) and an improved period (MD-I). We measured serum leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and ghrelin levels and other parameters related to metabolic syndrome, such as glucose, insulin, insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment [HOMA]), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TCHOL). RESULTS Leptin, adiponectin, and resistin levels did not differ across groups; however, ghrelin levels were increased in the MD-I group compared with the control and MD-PT groups (p < 0.05). HOMA levels were also higher in the MD-PT group than in the control group (p < 0.05). After treatment, there was no difference in this measurement. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between adipocytokines and major depression may be dependent on ghrelin levels as a result of antidepressant treatment and subsequent obesity.
The public understanding of assessment in educational reform in the United States

The United States education system depends on legislation and funding at the federal, state and local levels. Public understanding of assessment therefore is important to educational reform in the USA. Educational reformers often invoke assessment information as a reason for reform, typically by citing unacceptable achievement on some measure or indicator. Recent educational reforms in the US also rely on assessment information as evidence of the effectiveness of the reform, designing some sort of accountability system into the reform. Public opinion about testing in three recent waves of US educational reform (the minimum competency movement in the 1970s, the standards-based reform movement in the 1980s and 1990s, and the No Child Left Behind era beginning in 2002) shows two themes. One is public belief in the objectivity of testing. The other is public belief in using tests data comparatively and competitively.
Fibronectin-mediated Cell Adhesion Is Required for Induction of 92-kDa Type IV Collagenase/Gelatinase (MMP-9) Gene Expression during Macrophage Differentiation

Induction of the 92-kDa gelatinase (MMP-9) gene expression is associated with macrophage differentiation. In this study, we explored the regulatory mechanisms underlying this differentiation-associated MMP-9 gene expression in human HL-60 myeloid leukemia cells and human peripheral blood monocytes. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) markedly inducedMMP-9 gene expression in HL-60 cells; the induction closely paralleled the timing and extent of PMA-induced cell adhesion and spreading, a hallmark of macrophage differentiation. Similarly, treatment with PMA or macrophage-colony stimulating factor stimulated adherence and spreading of blood monocytes with a concurrent 7- or 5-fold increase in MMP-9 production, respectively. In protein kinase C (PKC)-β-deficient HL-60 variant cells (HL-525), PMA failed to induce cell adhesion and MMP-9 gene expression. Transfecting HL-525 cells with a PKC-β expression plasmid restored PKC-β levels and PMA inducibility of cell adhesion and spreading as well asMMP-9 gene expression. Induction of cell adhesion andMMP-9 gene expression in HL-60 cells and blood monocytes was strongly inhibited by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to fibronectin (FN) and its receptor α5β1integrin. HL-525 cells, which constitutively display high levels of surface α5β1 integrin, adhered and spread on immobilized FN with concomitant induction of MMP-9 gene expression. Cytochalasins B and D were each a potent inhibitor of MMP-9 production. Our results suggest that α5β1integrin-mediated interaction of immature hematopoietic cells with FN plays a critical role in modulating matrix-degrading activities during macrophage differentiation.
An algebraic approach to Pólya processes

Polya processes are natural generalization of Polya-Eggenberger urn mod- els. This article presents a new approach of their asymptotic behaviour via moments, based on the spectral decomposition of a suitable finite difference transition operator on polynomial functions. Especially, it provides new results for large processes (a Polya process is called small when 1 is simple eigenvalue of its replacement matrix and when any other eigenvalue has a real part ≤ 1/2; otherwise, it is called large). Resume Les processus de Polya sont une generalisation naturelle des modeles d'urnes de Polya-Eggenberger. Cet article presente une nouvelle approche de leur comportement asymptotique via les moments, basee sur la decomposition spectrale d'un operateur aux differences finies sur des espaces de polynomes. En particulier, elle fournit de nouveaux resultats sur les grands processus (un processus de Polya est dit petit lorsque 1 est valeur propre simple de sa matrice de remplacement et lorsque toutes les autres valeurs propres ont une partie reelle ≤ 1/2 ; sinon, on dit qu'il est grand).
Predictors of Young Adults' Well-being: A Comparison of Longitudinal and Cross-sectional Analyses

This study was designed to explore the association between diet and nutrition, physical activity, substance use, delinquent behavior, self-esteem, religiosity, relations with parents, and well-being among young adults, considering gender as a moderating variable. I used the data from Add Health to conduct both longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses. The longitudinal analysis revealed that high self-esteem and religiosity during adolescence positively predicted young adults’ well-being, that religiosity and good relations with parents during adolescence protected young adults from drug use, and that good relations with parents during adolescence protected young adults from property crime. The positive influence of physical activity during adolescence on well-being and the protective effect of religiosity during adolescence on property crime were particularly for young men; and the positive influence of good relations with parents during adolescence on well-being was particularly for young women. The cross-sectional analysis indicated that physical activity, high self-esteem, and good relations with parents during young adulthood positively predicted young adults’ well-being, that religiosity during young adulthood protected young adults from drug use, and that high self-esteem during young adulthood protected young adults from property crime. The protective effects of good relations with parents during young adulthood on drug use and property crime were particularly for young men. Also, the cross-sectional positive effect of high self-esteem on well-being was significantly greater for females than for males. Comparisons of the longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses showed that self-esteem had a greater impact on young adults’ well-being in cross-sectional than longitudinal analysis, and that the protective effect of religiosity on drug use was greater in longitudinal than cross-sectional analysis, but for males only. Implications of the findings, limitations of the study, and future research directions were also discussed.
2-D IIR Spatially Bandpass Beam Filter- A Multiplierless Realization

The 2-D IIR Spatially Bandpass (SBP) beam filters are used for directional filtering of temporally broadband bandpass space time plane waves. These filters have applications in radio astronomy, seismic signal processors, radar navigation, space science and wireless communications. If filter coefficients are represented in Canonic Signed Digit (CSD) space, the multiplier circuit can be replaced with adders/ subtractors and shifters. In this paper, a multiplierless realization of 2D IIR SBP beam filter is proposed and the realization is done on Zedboard xc7z020. Multiplierless 2-D IIR SBP beam filter has low complexity compared to 2D IIR SBP beam filter. Circuit complexity analysis is also presented.
Suicide Risk Assessment With Asian American College Students

Scholars have based their understanding of college-student suicide in the United States largely on the study of European Americans, and therefore, its relevance to making culturally informed decisions with suicidal Asian American college students is unclear. This article explores aspects of suicide assessment potentially unique to Asian American college students and discusses possible ways to handle the process of breaking confidentiality that are more sensitive to Asian American needs. First, the authors briefly review issues of confidentiality, informed consent, and standards of care. Second, they examine several aspects of Asian American college students' experiences in the United States and of Asian cultural values. Specifically, the authors review acculturation and the experience of immigration, intergenerational relationships, collectivistic cultural values, the myth of the “model minority,” and perfectionism. Third, they offer culturally informed considerations for assessing suicidal risk and ways to manage breaking confidentiality. Finally, they suggest the Collaborative Assess-ment and Management of Suicidality model and the Suicide Intervention Response Inventory−2 as potentially useful tools for culturally sensitive work with Asian American college students.
Treating Disgust in Anxiety Disorders

There is now a significant body of work which indicates that excessive disgust responses play a crucial role in certain anxiety disorders. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that disgust may not be effectively reduced by exposure therapy. Because of this, there is a need to arm clinicians with additional therapeutic tools to target maladaptive disgust responses. This study reviews potential strategies that may be useful in reducing disgust in the context of anxiety disorders. This review is intended to provide a useful starting point to inform clinicians and suggest possible future research directions. Ultimately, by ameliorating dysfunctional and distressing emotions other than fear that are prominent in certain anxiety disorders, such as disgust, treatments for anxiety disorders may be improved.
Risk factors of long-term social assistance recipiency among lone mothers. The case of Sweden

For decades, lone mothers have been vastly overrepresented among Swedish social assistance recipients. In Sweden, social assistance is administered in the personal social services. The study aims to explore and analyse factors associated with long-term recipiency among lone mothers. The empirical material consists of micro data on 875 randomly selected lone mothers receiving social assistance in any of the three major cities of Sweden in 2007. In the analysis, a distinction is made between household demographics (e.g. ethnicity) and individual factors (subdivided into individual impairments (e.g. psychosocial conditions) and financial vulnerability (e.g. unemployment)). The main findings are: (1) even though household demographics alone show low explanatory value for long-term social assistance recipiency, analysed factors remain significant when controlling for individual factors; (2) among individual factors, only variables indicating financial vulnerability are significant. A main conclusion in the study is that social workers should be attentative that subgroups within the larger population of lone mothers have higher risk of long-term recipiency (e.g. non-native origin). Furthermore, policy revisions should be considered for this group, since personal social services extensively address individual impairments whereas long-term recipiency is strongly associated with structural factors.
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilized CFU-F can be found in the peripheral blood but have limited expansion potential

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent cells found lining the bone marrow cavity supporting the growth and differentiation of hematologic progenitors. There is growing evidence that these cells can, under the right circumstances, enter the peripheral circulation. We show that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilized peripheral blood contains cells which form colonies and have a similar fibroblastic morphology (termed CFU-F) to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. These cells were found at a very low incidence (0.0002%). Mobilized peripheral blood CFU-F were successfully differentiated into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. FACS analysis showed that the cells had a similar profile to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Importantly, mobilized peripheral blood CFU-F had limited expansion potential and became senescent 20–25 days after isolation. Mobilized peripheral blood CFU-F also did not have any telomerase activity and displayed significant telomere shortening. The rarity of CFU-F in mobilized peripheral blood and the subsequent pressure to divide in cell culture probably contribute to early cellular senescence. Their potential for use in transplant or gene therapy is, therefore, limited.
Impact of role ambiguity and role conflict on employee creativity

Exactly how role stress and various performances of individuals are related has received considerable attention, in which stress has been found to affect individual creativity. However, exactly how role stress and employee creativity are related has seldom been examined empirically. By extending the results of literature, this study proposes five hypotheses on how role ambiguity and role conflict (via self-efficacy and job satisfaction) affect employee creativity directly and indirectly. Survey data from 202 employees of Taiwanese companies reveal not only a direct and negative link between role ambiguity and creativity, but also a direct and positive link between role conflict and creativity. The survey results further demonstrated that both self-efficacy and job satisfaction serve as partial mediators between role conflict and creativity. However, only job satisfaction (and not self-efficacy) is a partial mediator between role ambiguity and creativity. Implications of the findings of this study and possible directions for future research are also discussed.
Anti-Spoofing for Text-Independent Speaker Verification: An Initial Database, Comparison of Countermeasures, and Human Performance

In this paper, we present a systematic study of the vulnerability of automatic speaker verification to a diverse range of spoofing attacks. We start with a thorough analysis of the spoofing effects of five speech synthesis and eight voice conversion systems, and the vulnerability of three speaker verification systems under those attacks. We then introduce a number of countermeasures to prevent spoofing attacks from both known and unknown attackers. Known attackers are spoofing systems whose output was used to train the countermeasures, while an unknown attacker is a spoofing system whose output was not available to the countermeasures during training. Finally, we benchmark automatic systems against human performance on both speaker verification and spoofing detection tasks.
Communication and knowledge as motivators: understanding Singaporean women’s perceived risks of breast cancer and intentions to engage in preventive measures

As breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women in Singapore, encouraging them to engage in preventive measures becomes increasingly important. This study aims to take a closer look at the influence of attention to media, interpersonal communication, news elaboration, and knowledge on women’s (aged between 30 and 70) perceived risks of breast cancer and their intentions to engage in preventive measures in Singapore. Attention to media, frequency of interpersonal communication, fatalistic belief, and knowledge structure density were found to be associated with risk perception of breast cancer among Singaporean women. Findings also showed that frequency of interpersonal communication, risk perception, elaboration, and factual knowledge were positively associated with women’s intentions to take up preventive measures such as breast self-examination, clinical breast examination, and mammography. Implications for theory and practice were discussed.