Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stress, health and the working environment of Swedish prison staff

Abstract A random stratified sample of just over 2000 was drawn from staff working in 67 different prisons in Sweden. Questionnaires on working conditions and symptoms of ill health were administered and subjects were given health examinations. Morning plasma Cortisol and gamma glutamyltransferase (g GT) levels were measured and factual information on the prisons was collected for use in the analyses. There were differences between prisons in terms of both objective and self-reported working conditions which appeared to affect health status, physiological state and sick leave rate. Cardiovascular and hypertensive conditions were found more often among prison staff than among a large reference group made up of many different occupations. Sick leave rates among prison staff, especially those over 45 years old, were very high compared with this reference group. The situation appeared particularly difficult in prisons with a high proportion of drug abusing inmates. The data allowed the identification of sever.
Behavioral ecology of western gorillas: New insights from the field

The papers in this issue are from a conference held in May 2002 at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany. This conference brought together researchers from all current western gorilla sites for the first time with the aim of synthesizing the most current information available on western gorilla behavioral ecology. Our goal was to assess the degree of behavioral diversity in gorillas in light of our current understanding of social evolution. The articles include 1) synopses of the current information on western gorilla foraging strategy, social behavior, life history, and genetic variation; 2) more‐detailed descriptions of home‐range use and intergroup encounters across sites; and 3) the first description of the social behavior of western gorilla females. Am. J. Primatol. 64:139–143, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using the WebCT NAFTA Program to Promote Analytical Thinking and Global Awareness Competencies Through a Team Approach

Recent focus on educational accountability has led to emphasis on innovative and effective pedagogy to achieve competencies. Effective pedagogy supports various learning styles and higher order thinking. The WebCT-based lesson implemented in this study served to: 1) assess achievement of two competencies (analytical thinking, global awareness) essential for the global industry, 2) support field independent/dependent learning styles, and 3) promote development of higher order cognitive skills. Students responded to WebCT case questions addressing outsourcing decisions. The lesson supported achievement of the two competencies as indicated by self-assessment and instructor-scored essays. The Group Embedded Figures Test categorized students' learning styles as field independent/dependent. There was instructional support for students regardless of different learning styles. Essays provided evidence that students engaged in higher order thinking. WebCT-based instruction can be effective for achieving analytical and global competencies, accommodating different learning styles, and promoting higher order thinking when solving complex global apparel economic topics.
Patrons, Patronage, and Political Parties

What is meant by “patronage”? The term appears with increased frequency in anthropological analysis. Indeed, it has become a major concept in the study of peasant societies, somewhat analogous to the concept of the “big man” in certain kinds of chiefdoms, or “fission and fusion” in lineage-type societies. There is, however, considerable ambiguity in the meaning given to the term. Consider, as examples, the following three excerpts from recent anthropological studies: Patronage is founded on the reciprocal relations between patrons and clients. By patron I mean a person who uses his influence to assist and protect some other person, who then becomes his “client”, and in return provides certain services for his patron… Patronage is thus the complex of relations between those who use their influence, social position or some other attribute to assist and protect others, and those whom they so help and protect.
Assessment levels of the user's satisfaction in a private hospital

The objective of this study was to analyze the satisfaction of the users of a private hospital in terms of a number of attributes of the services in units. This exploratory, descriptive study used a quantitative approach and was developed in a private hospital in the city of Sao Paulo. The casuistry consisted of 71 users and data collection was performed during the period from March to August 2007, using a derivative of the scale model of the Service Quality (SERVQUAL) of the evaluative model of Parasuraman et al. The level of overall satisfaction ranged around 95%. The assurance (96%) and reliability (96%) were considered the most important dimensions of quality, followed by empathy (95%), responsiveness (93%) and tangibility (88%). Medical and nursing staffs introduced high levels of satisfaction. 91% has intention to recommend the hospital. This research provided the knowledge of the attributes most important in terms of satisfaction and contributed to confirming or reshaping assistance and management processes.
Associations between Food Outlets around Schools and BMI among Primary Students in England: A Cross-Classified Multi-Level Analysis

Introduction Researchers and policy-makers are interested in the influence that food retailing around schools may have on child obesity risk. Most previous research comes from North America, uses data aggregated at the school-level and focuses on associations between fast food outlets and school obesity rates. This study examines associations between food retailing and BMI among a large sample of primary school students in Berkshire, England. By controlling for individual, school and home characteristics and stratifying results across the primary school years, we aimed to identify if the food environment around schools had an effect on BMI, independent of socio-economic variables. Methods We measured the densities of fast food outlets and food stores found within schoolchildren’s home and school environments using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and data from local councils. We linked these data to measures from the 2010/11 National Child Measurement Programme and used a cross-classified multi-level approach to examine associations between food retailing and BMI z-scores. Analyses were stratified among Reception (aged 4-5) and Year 6 (aged 10-11) students to measure associations across the primary school years. Results Our multilevel model had three levels to account for individual (n = 16,956), home neighbourhood (n = 664) and school (n = 268) factors. After controlling for confounders, there were no significant associations between retailing near schools and student BMI, but significant positive associations between fast food outlets in home neighbourhood and BMI z-scores. Year 6 students living in areas with the highest density of fast food outlets had an average BMI z-score that was 0.12 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.20) higher than those living in areas with none. Discussion We found little evidence to suggest that food retailing around schools influences student BMI. There is some evidence to suggest that fast food outlet densities in a child’s home neighbourhood may have an effect on BMI, particularly among girls, but more research is needed to inform effective policies targeting the effects of the retail environment on child obesity.
Functional Representation of Living and Nonliving Domains across the Cerebral Hemispheres: A Combined Event-related Potential/Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the left hemisphere has been shown to disrupt semantic processing but, to date, there has been no direct demonstration of the electrophysiological correlates of this interference. To gain insight into the neural basis of semantic systems, and in particular, study the temporal and functional organization of object categorization processing, we combined repetitive TMS (rTMS) and ERPs. Healthy volunteers performed a picture–word matching task in which Snodgrass drawings of natural (e.g., animal) and artifactual (e.g., tool) categories were associated with a word. When short trains of high-frequency rTMS were applied over Wernicke's area (in the region of the CP5 electrode) immediately before the stimulus onset, we observed delayed response times to artifactual items, and thus, an increased dissociation between natural and artifactual domains. This behavioral effect had a direct ERP correlate. In the response period, the stimuli from the natural domain elicited a significant larger late positivity complex than those from the artifactual domain. These differences were significant over the centro-parietal region of the right hemisphere. These findings demonstrate that rTMS interferes with postperceptual categorization processing of natural and artifactual stimuli that involve separate subsystems in distinct cortical areas.
Drug testing and court review hearings: Uses and limitations

The ability of the UK criminal justice system to divert drug-dependent offenders into treatment has been enhanced during recent years. Despite the rapid expansion of such coercive measures, research findings to date are equivocal about their impact. This article draws on qualitative data from in-depth interviews with professionals and those mandated to treatment by the courts to assess the uses and limitations of two defining features of court-ordered drug treatment in Britain and elsewhere — drug testing and court review hearings — as a means of promoting and monitoring compliance with the conditions of these disposals.
Pharmacotherapy of carpal tunnel syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral nerve entrapment syndrome. CTS is a compression neuropathy caused by elevated pressure in the carpal tunnel. CTS has the potential to substantially limit performance of activities of daily living for some individuals. The goal of therapy for CTS is to improve symptoms and reduce signs of the disease, as well as prevent progression and loss of hand function. There are several treatment alternatives to relieve the pressure on the median nerve, both surgical and conservative. The most common measures employed in the initial treatment of CTS are NSAIDs, local and systemic corticosteroids, diuretics and pyridoxine. However, CTS treatment usually includes a combination of pharmacotherapy with other strategies such as splinting and activity modification. Injections of corticosteroids into the carpal tunnel are often employed for cases not responding to conservative treatment. Surgery is superior to conservative therapies for most persistently symptomatic patients. The aim of this paper is to review the pharmacological agents used for relieving the symptoms of CTS.
Creating confident, motivated teachers of physical education in primary schools

This paper analyses the impact of a nationwide one-year physical education (PE) professional development (PD) programme on 25 generalist classroom teachers from 10 primary schools in New Zealand. This research specifically explores how a year-long PD programme, focused predominantly on general pedagogical strategies, supported in-service generalist teachers to use of pedagogies previously reserved to the classroom to enhance their PE practice, reconceptualise the place and purpose of PE, and shifted their perceptions of themselves as teachers of PE. Interviews, questionnaires, lesson observations and document analysis were used to investigate the impact a PD programme had on teachers’ knowledge and practices in PE. This research specifically explores how a year-long PD programme, focused predominantly on general pedagogical strategies, supported in-service generalist teachers to explore how the use of pedagogies previously reserved to the classroom support them to enhance their PE practice; to reconceptualize the place and purpose of PE, and shifted their perceptions of themselves as teachers of PE. It is concluded that generalist teachers benefit from PD opportunities that allow for the transfer of pedagogical strategies and skills from the classroom to the PE context. However, these learning opportunities should be balanced and connected with opportunities to develop content knowledge associated with PE.
An Examination through Conjoint Analysis of the Preferences of Students Concerning Online Learning Environments According to Their Learning Styles.

This study examines learning styles of students receiving education via online learning environments, and their preferences concerning the online learning environment. Maggie McVay Lynch Learning Style Inventory was used to determine learning styles of the students. The preferences of students concerning online learning environments were detected through the prioritization of determined main factors and sub-factors. Conjoint analysis, which is a multivariate statistical method, was employed in this study. The prepared conjoint questionnaire was administered both to the entire research group and to visual, auditory and kinesthetic style learning student groups separately. The findings obtained were interpreted by matching with their learning styles. It was concluded that online learning students attached great importance to the employed technology characteristic and to the student—administrator interaction. Considering general of the students, the synchronization or asynchronization of mode of communication and the existence or non-existence of technical support in the prepared environment were not considered important. It was concluded that as the learning styles of students varied, their views about other variables, the interaction preferences in the online learning environment in particular, also differed. Learning styles of students and their preferences concerning the learning materials also showed a parallelism.
Fuzzy modeling based on Mixed Fuzzy Clustering for health care applications

This papers proposes two novel approaches for the identification of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models with time variant and invariant features. The proposed Mixed Fuzzy Clustering algorithm is proposed for determining the parameters of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models in two different ways: (1) the antecedent fuzzy sets are determined based on the partition matrix generated by the Mixed Fuzzy Clustering algorithm; (2) the input features are transformed using the same algorithm and the antecedent fuzzy sets are derived using Fuzzy C-Means clustering. The proposed approaches are tested on four different health care applications: readmissions in intensive care units, administration of vasopressors and mortality. The results show that the proposed clustering algorithm resulted in an increase of the performance of the fuzzy models in three out of four applications in comparison to the use of Fuzzy C-Means.
Association of UCP3 Gene –55C>T Polymorphism and Obesity in a Spanish Population

Background/Aims: The uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) gene has been suggested as a possible determinant affecting obesity risk given its function in the regulation of energy metabolism. However, available genetic association studies have been inconsistent, which could be attributable to not considering individual lifestyle patterns, such as physical activity, a factor that affects UCP3 expression. The objective of this study was to assess the association between the UCP3 –55C>T polymorphism and the risk of obesity. Methods: Case-control study conducted in a sample of Spanish adults. 157 obese subjects (BMI ≧30) and 150 controls (BMI <25) participated in the study. UCP3 –55C>T polymorphism was identified by the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism methodology. Results: The odds ratio (OR) for obesity (95% confidence interval [CI]) according to the presence of UCP 3 gene –55C>T polymorphism (heterozygotes and homozygotes merged together), adjusting for age, sex, and recreational physical activity, was 0.61 (0.37–1.00), p = 0.05. Interestingly, this association was only manifest among those with higher recreational physical activity (OR: 0.46, 95% CI 0.21–0.99, p = 0.05) and not among those with lower physical activity (OR: 0.84, 95% CI 0.41–1.70, p = 0.84). Conclusion: UCP3 –55C>T polymorphism carriers have apparently a lower risk of obesity when taking into consideration recreational energy expenditure. Interestingly, this inverse beneficial association may only occur in people with a high level of physical activity.
The effects of processing instruction, traditional instruction and meaning—output instruction on the acquisition of the English past simple tense

This paper presents the results of a parallel classroom experiment investigating the effects of processing instruction, traditional instruction and meaning-based output instruction on the acquisition of the English past simple tense. The subjects involved in the present studies were Chinese and Greek school-age learners of English residing in their respective countries. The participants in both schools were divided into three groups. The first group received processing instruction; the second group was exposed to traditional instruction; the third group received meaning-based output instruction. One interpretation and one production measure were used in a pre-test and post-test design (immediate effect only). The results showed that processing instruction had positive effects on the processing and acquisition of the target feature. In both studies the processing instruction group performed better than the traditional instruction and meaning-based output instruction groups in the interpretation task and the three groups made equal gains in the production task.
Clinical Concerns about Recurrence of Non-Functioning Pituitary Adenoma

Background Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) are clinically challenging because they present at a late stage with local mass effects or hypopituitarism. Surgery for non-functioning pituitary adenoma requires a special strategic approach for both minimal morbidity and radical resection. However, the clinical predictive factors associated with recurrence are limited. Here, we investigated optimal treatment of non-functioning pituitary adenoma. Methods We enrolled 289 patients who presented with non-functioning pituitary adenoma between January 2000 and January 2012 and who had received follow-up for at least one year for this retrospective study. Of these patients, 152 were male and 137 were female, with a median age of 51 years (range 15.79 years) and a median follow-up of four years (range 1.12.6 years). Characteristics of patients and tumors were reviewed with electronic medical records and radiologic images, retrospectively. Results Of the tumors, 193 were gross-totally resected, 53 were near-totally resected, and 43 were sub-totally resected. The extent of resection and adjuvant radiotherapy were both statistically significant prognostic factors of recurrence. Immunohistochemistry of tumor specimens did not yield consistent results. Conclusion With a high rate of recurrence, NFPA should be closely followed-up over a long-term period. Improvement of surgical techniques with advanced surgical equipment and adjuvant radiosurgery would lead to reduce the recurrence rate and improve patients' outcome.
A Look at Ineffective and Effective Professional Development:Moving Toward Action Research

Professional development is one of the most pressing and challenging issues in education today. Action research, which asks individual teachers to focus on a particular issue in their classrooms as means to improve instructional practice (James, Milenkiewicz & Bucknam, 2008), responds to the criticism of fragmented, decontextualized professional development because it provides a learning space in which teachers can learn about their students as well as their own teaching practices. Action research wields the power to bridge the gap between theory and practice, empower teachers, and impact student learning.
Data‐driven model reduction for the Bayesian solution of inverse problems

One of the major challenges in the Bayesian solution of inverse problems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs) is the computational cost of repeatedly evaluating numerical PDE models, as required by Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods for posterior sampling. This paper proposes a data‐driven projection‐based model reduction technique to reduce this computational cost. The proposed technique has two distinctive features. First, the model reduction strategy is tailored to inverse problems: the snapshots used to construct the reduced‐order model are computed adaptively from the posterior distribution. Posterior exploration and model reduction are thus pursued simultaneously. Second, to avoid repeated evaluations of the full‐scale numerical model as in a standard MCMC method, we couple the full‐scale model and the reduced‐order model together in the MCMC algorithm. This maintains accurate inference while reducing its overall computational cost. In numerical experiments considering steady‐state flow in a porous medium, the data‐driven reduced‐order model achieves better accuracy than a reduced‐order model constructed using the classical approach. It also improves posterior sampling efficiency by several orders of magnitude compared with a standard MCMC method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Christina Y. Bethin, Polish syllables: the role of prosody in phonology and morphology . Columbus: Slavica Publishers, Inc. 1992. Pp. 278.

In her book Bethin argues persuasively that a description of Polish phonology and morphology becomes more insightful and meaningful if the notion of the syllable and its constituents is incorporated into it. Although in recent years similar conclusions have been reached by other researchers as well (e.g. Rubach & Booij 1989, 1990; Gussmann 1991, 1992; Szpyra 1992, 1994), Bethin's study is the most detailed and comprehensive account of a substantial portion of Polish phonology (and some allomorphy) couched in syllabic terms. In addition to the syllable other concepts of nonlinear phonology such as the isolation of the skeletal (timing) level, a feature geometric organization of the melodic tier, extrasyllabicity, underspecification, etc. are all employed in Polish syllables and play a crucial role in the analysis of various phenomena. It should be noted at the outset that Bethin succeeds in achieving her major aim and demonstrating that the syllable and its parts lie at the core of many phonological processes of Polish. First and foremost she manages to prove that, in spite of numerous surface exceptions and the presence of heavy consonantal clusters, phonological syllables of Polish are rule-governed and generally built in agreement with the Sonority Sequencing Principle (e.g. Selkirk 1984). The study also shows that considerable descriptive gains are obtained due to assuming a three-tiered organization of phonological representations. Bethin's book does not propose any novel theoretical mechanisms, however, and its value lies mainly in demonstrating how some proposals of nonlinear phonology can be successfully employed in analysing Polish data and resolving various descriptive problems. Chapter 1 reviews the traditional approaches to Polish syllables and proposes a new set of syllable building rules. According to Bethin, Polish requires two templates which define phonological syllables. The core syllable, which operates at the underlying level as well as in cyclic phonology, is supposed to have the shape of CRVR (where R = resonant). It admits maximally one obstruent and a sonorant in the onset and a single sonorant in the coda. At the word level a different template is claimed to be at work, i.e. CCVC, which allows two consonants in the onset (except for clusters of a sonorant and an obstruent) and any single consonant in the coda.