Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stroking your Beloved One's White Bear: Responsive Touch by the Romantic Partner Buffers the Negative Effect of Thought Suppression on Daily Mood

Emotion regulation is important for daily well-being and health. Emotions are regulated through intrapersonal (i.e., regulating one's own emotions) and interpersonal (i.e., regulating emotions in interaction with others) processes. The current study examines the interplay of an unfavorable intrapersonal emotion regulation strategy “thought suppression” with a favorable interpersonal emotion regulation strategy “responsive touch,” in daily life. Both partners of 102 dating heterosexual couples simultaneously completed an electronic diary assessing their mood and how they dealt with their own and their partner's emotions four times a day during one week. Multilevel analysis revealed that thought suppression was associated with more negative mood not only in the suppressor but also in the romantic partner. Conversely, responsive touch was associated with more positive mood in both the receiver and the provider of this touch. Importantly, the negative effect of thought suppression was dampened by simultaneous.
Arf4 Determines Dentate Gyrus-Mediated Pattern Separation by Regulating Dendritic Spine Development

The ability to distinguish between similar experiences is a critical feature of episodic memory and is primarily regulated by the dentate gyrus (DG) region of the hippocampus. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such pattern separation tasks are poorly understood. We report a novel role for the small GTPase ADP ribosylation factor 4 (Arf4) in controlling pattern separation by regulating dendritic spine development. Arf4+/− mice at 4–5 months of age display severe impairments in a pattern separation task, as well as significant dendritic spine loss and smaller miniature excitatory post-synaptic currents (mEPSCs) in granule cells of the DG. Arf4 knockdown also decreases spine density in primary neurons, whereas Arf4 overexpression promotes spine development. A constitutively active form of Arf4, Arf4-Q71L, promotes spine density to an even greater extent than wildtype Arf4, whereas the inactive Arf4-T31N mutant does not increase spine density relative to controls. Arf4′s effects on spine development are regulated by ASAP1, a GTPase-activating protein that modulates Arf4 GTPase activity. ASAP1 overexpression decreases spine density, and this effect is partially rescued by concomitant overexpression of wildtype Arf4 or Arf4-Q71L. In addition, Arf4 overexpression rescues spine loss in primary neurons from an Alzheimer's disease-related apolipoprotein (apo) E4 mouse model. Our findings suggest that Arf4 is a critical modulator of DG-mediated pattern separation by regulating dendritic spine development.
Enhanced novel access control protocol over wireless sensor networks

Nodes in a sensor network may be lost because of the power exhaustion problem or malicious attacks. Thereby new node deployment is necessary in the sensor network. Huang recently proposed a novel access control protocol (NACP) based on the elliptic curve cryptography and the hash chain. She claimed that NACP can easily add new nodes and can resist against various known attacks. However, this paper addresses that her NACP is insecure to the replay attack and against an active attack, and has the lack of hash chain renewability, which is one of the necessary aspects in the sensor network with memory restricted nodes. To cope with them, we propose an enhanced novel access control protocol which is quite adequate for power and resource constrained sensor networks.
Physiologic response and adverse reactions in pediatric dental patients sedated with promethazine and chloral hydrate or meperidine.

Drug combinations for premedication are used to allay apprehension and to counter adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting, but drug combinations potentially increase the risk of other adverse reactions. Monitoring is very important, and the Guidelines for elective use of conscious sedation of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry I recommend assessing heart rate and respiratory rate at various intervals during and after the sedation. Cardiopulmonary function should be assessed continuously at regular intervals during pediatric dental sedations. Pulse oximetry assists in the early detection of any oxygen saturation changes by measuring oxyhemoglobin levels2, 2 Reported side effects with chloral hydrate include gastric irritation, excitation, and respiratory depression. This drug is contraindicated in patients with renal or hepatic impairment. 3 Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and respiratory depression frequently are reported adverse reactions when meperidine is used as a sedative agent. ~-5 A comprehensive survey of narcotic sedations indicates that the risk of adverse reactions is approximately 1:5,000 compared to 1:30,000 for non-narcotic techniques. Also a higher risk exists with a narcotic agent and promethazine versus a narcotic and hydroxyzine combination, and that risk is increased with the addition of a local anesthetic. 6
A New Approach to an Age-Old Problem: Solving Externalities by Incenting Workers Directly

Understanding motivations in the workplace remains of utmost import as economies around the world rely on increases in labor productivity to foster sustainable economic growth. This study makes use of a unique opportunity to “look under the hood” of an organization that critically relies on worker effort and performance. By partnering with Virgin Atlantic Airways on a field experiment that includes over 40,000 unique flights covering an eight-month period, we explore how information and incentives affect captains’ performance. Making use of more than 110,000 captain-level observations, we find that our set of treatments—which include performance information, personal targets, and prosocial incentives—induces captains to improve efficiency in all three key flight areas: pre-flight, in-flight, and post-flight. We estimate that our treatments saved between 266,000-704,000 kg of fuel for the airline over the eight-month experimental period. These savings led to between 838,000-2.22 million kg of CO2 abated at a marginal abatement cost of negative $250 per ton of CO2 (i.e. a $250 savings per ton abated) over the eight-month experimental period. Methodologically, our approach highlights the potential usefulness of moving beyond an experimental design that focuses on short-run substitution effects, and it also suggests a new way to combat firm-level externalities: target workers rather than the firm as a whole.
Variational evolution of one-dimensional Lennard-Jones systems

We analyze Lennard-Jones systems from the standpoint of variational principles beyond the static framework. In a one-dimensional setting such systems have already been shown to be equivalent to energies of Fracture Mechanics. Here we show that this equivalence can also be given in dynamical terms using the notion of minimizing movements.
Environmental Vulnerability in Public Perceptions and Attitudes: The Case of Israel's Urban Centers

Objective. This article investigates how urban environmental vulnerability to hazards reflects in the perceptions and attitudes of the public in three major cities in Israel: Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, and Haifa. Our central argument is that the differences between the residents' perceptions and attitudes toward environmental issues are related mostly to the actual hazard levels of their communities, whereas individual differences in socioeconomic characteristics are of lesser importance in this regard. Methods. The research was based on survey data of representative samples of the adult residents in the three cities. The differences in attitudes and perceptions among the three samples were statistically assessed by means of analysis of variance. Results. We found relatively strong and consistent relationships between actual environmental vulnerability to hazards in the three cities and their residents' attitudes toward environmental issues. The relationships with socioeconomic characteristics, such as education and income, were considerably weaker and less consistent. Conclusions. The results of this research indicate that environmental concern is not exclusive to groups and individuals characterized by postmaterialist values. Rather, the urban public in general is responsive to the environmental vulnerability of its community. This conclusion supports the argument that attitudes toward the environment are mainly affected by instrumental considerations of objective environmental problems rather than by subjective values.
Modulation of Corticospinal Motor Tract Excitability during a Fine Finger Movement under Psychological Pressure: A TMS Study

1Faculty of Education and Regional Studies, University of Fukui 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui, 910-8507 Japan tnk@u-fukui.ac. jp 2Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8521 Japan 3Health Service Center, Kanazawa University Kakumamachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192 Japan [Received October 31, 2011; Accepted March 1, 2012; Published online April 19, 2012]
Mixture Model- and Least Squares-Based Packet Video Error Concealment

A Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-based spatio-temporal error concealment approach has recently been proposed for packet video. The method improves peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) compared to several famous error concealment methods, and it is asymptotically optimal when the number of mixture components goes to infinity. There are also drawbacks, however. The estimator has high online computational complexity, which implies that fewer surrounding pixels to the lost area than desired are used for error concealment. Moreover, GMM parameters are estimated without considering maximization of the error concealment PSNR. In this paper, we propose a mixture-based estimator and a least squares approach for solving the spatio-temporal error concealment problem. Compared to the GMM scheme, the new method may base error concealment on more surrounding pixels to the loss, while maintaining low computational complexity, and model parameters are found by an algorithm that increases PSNR in each iteration. The proposed method outperforms the GMM-based scheme in terms of computation-performance tradeoff.
Mixing and Decay Constants of Pseudoscalar Mesons

We propose a new eta-eta' mixing scheme where we start from the quark flavor basis and assume that the decay constants in that basis follow the pattern of particle state mixing. On exploiting the divergences of the axial vector currents - which embody the axial vector anomaly - all basic parameters are fixed to first order of flavor symmetry breaking. That approach naturally leads to a mass matrix, quadratic in the masses, with specified elements. We also test our mixing scheme against experiment and determine corrections to the first order values of the basic parameters from phenomenology. Finally, we generalize the mixing scheme to include the eta(c). Again the divergences of the axial vector currents fix the mass matrix and, hence, mixing angles and the charm content of the eta and eta'.
Socio-demographic and environmental determinants of infectious disease morbidity in children under 5 years in Ghana

Background Globally, diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections (ARIs) have been identified as major threats to child survival. In Ghana, the two conditions are among the top three causes of morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years. An in-depth analysis of the factors associated with these two diseases is warranted, because of their high degree of fatality and also it provides a basis for intervention planning. Objectives To investigate socio-demographic and environmental factors associated with infectious disease morbidity in children under 5 years old in Ghana. Design Population-based cross-sectional survey. The study sample comprised 2,790 children aged 0–59 months, drawn from the Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys. The mothers reported whether their children under age 5 had been ill with a cough accompanied by short, rapid breathing (ARI), or diarrhoea with the presence of blood or mucus in the stool, in the 2 weeks preceding the survey. Results Children in the 6–11, 12–23, and 24–59 months age groups had, respectively, 3.48 (95% CI=2.23, 5.44), 4.57 (95% CI=3.03, 6.90), and 1.93 (95% CI=1.30, 2.87) increased odds of getting diarrhoea infection compared to those in the youngest age category (0–5). Similarly, children in the 6–11, 12–23, and 24–59 months age brackets were, respectively, 2.64 (95% CI=1.76, 3.97), 2.63 (95% CI=1.81, 3.83), and 1.83 (95% CI=1.29, 2.59) times more likely to have cough compared to children in 0–5 months age brackets. Children who were not breastfeeding had higher odds of childhood diarrhoea (OR=1.33, 95% CI=1.03, 1.73) compared to those who were breastfeeding. Compared to children who were living in households without co-wives, children who were living in households with co-wives had 1.74 increased odds of diarrhoea (95% CI=1.33, 2.27). A unit increase in maternal opinion regarding wife beating was associated with 14% reduced odds of diarrhoea (OR=0.86, 95% CI=0.80, 0.91), while a unit change in the women's attitude towards sex index was associated with 14% reduced odds of childhood cough (OR=0.86, 95% CI=0.77, 0.97). Conclusions Our results show that breastfeeding, polygamous marriage, and maternal decision-making autonomy are significant predictors of child morbidity. Therefore, implementing effective educational programmes that aim at promoting breastfeeding, empowering women, and discouraging polygamous marriages could help save many children from infectious disease morbidity in Ghana.
Effect of statin on hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with type 2 diabetes: A nationwide nested case‐control study

Relationship on new statin use and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who might be at the risk of developing HCC, is uncertained. A nationwide population–based nested case–control study was conducted within the National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort 2002–2013 in Korea. Newly prescribed statin after newly diagnosed T2DM was defined as statin use. Controls were matched to case patients on age, sex, follow–up time, and the date of diabetes diagnosis at a five–to–one ratio. Odds ratios (ORs) for associations of statin use with HCC were calculated using conditional logistic regression. After at least a 5‐year HCC–free period, there were 229 incident HCC cases and 1,145 matched controls from 47,738 patients with incident diabetes. Of these 229 incident HCC cases, 27 (11.8%) were statin users, whereas 378 (33.0%) were statin users among 1,145 controls. Statin use was associated with a reduced risk of HCC development (adjusted OR [AOR]= 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.22–0.60) after adjustment for chronic viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, alcoholic liver disease, previous cancer, aspirin use, insulin use, sulfonylurea use, metformin use, thiazolidinedione use, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Charlson comorbidity score, household income level, and residential area. Risk reduction was accentuated with an increase of cumulative defined daily doses (cDDD) compared with non–users (AORs 0.53, 0.36, 0.32, and 0.26 in ≤60, 60–180, 181–365, and >365cDDD, respectively; P for trend <0.0001). The risk reduction was apparent in the presence of liver disease (AOR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.14–0.50), including heterogeneous groups of clinical diagnosis of liver disease, but not significant in the absence of liver disease (AOR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.32–1.29). Among patients with new onset T2DM, statin use before HCC diagnosis may have a beneficial inhibitory effect on HCC development in a dose–dependent manner, especially in individuals with liver disease.
Inhibition of Extracellular Cyclophilins with Cyclosporine Analog and Development of Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice

Cyclophilins exert both intracellular and extracellular activities related to immune responses and inflammation, which have been implicated in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Pan-inhibition of cyclophilins has both pro- and antiatherosclerotic properties, but specific contributions of extracellular and intracellular cyclophilins to these effects have not been characterized. Here, using selective inhibitor of extracellular cyclophilins, we investigated the role of these molecules in atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein E–null mice fed a high-fat diet received intraperitoneal injections every second day of either vehicle or two analogs of cyclosporine A (CsA): [Melle]4-CsA (NIM811), a nonimmunosupressive cell-permeable inhibitor of both intracellular and extracellular cyclophilins; and [(4R)-4-[(6-carboxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-methyl]-4-methyl-l-threonine]1-CsA (MM284), cell-impermeable analog only inhibiting extracellular cyclophilins. Development of atherosclerosis and composition of plaques in aorta and innominate artery were studied. Both analogs increased abundance and cross-sectional size of the atherosclerotic plaques in aorta but did not affect development of atherosclerosis in innominate artery. Neither compound affected abundance of macrophages and amount of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 or nitrotyrosine in the plaques of both arteries. Both compounds reduced the amount of collagen in innominate artery without affecting abundance of collagen in aortic sinus. MM284, but not NIM811, significantly reduced plasma concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα); neither compound affected plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Ratio between different populations of immune cells in blood or isolated from lymph nodes and spleen as well as plasma lipoprotein profile were unaffected by both compounds. In conclusion, selective inhibition of extracellular cyclophilins reduced TNFα levels in plasma but increased atherosclerosis.
Comparison of student learning in the out‐patient clinic and ward round

Summary. In undergraduate medical education there is a trend away from ward‐based teaching towards out‐patient and community‐based teaching. To study the potential effects of this altered emphasis on student learning, a pilot group of final‐year medical students at the University of Dundee was asked to keep individual structured log‐books. These contained details of patients seen during their 3‐week orthopaedic attachment in both a ward and out‐patient setting. A comparison of perceived learning in the two settings showed that students learned more from attending an out‐patient clinic than a ward round, but did not make full use of the learning potential of either. The setting did not particularly influence the balance of learning as categorized here but only the ward round supplied experience of surgical complications. The amount of learning taking place in an out‐patient clinic was influenced by student ability, measured by examination performance, but not by clinic work‐load. The implications of increased use of out‐patient clinics and the advantages and disadvantages of the approach employed are discussed. It is concluded that in the situation studied student learning in the outpatient setting is as good as or superior to the ward setting but should not totally replace it.
Sequential Computerized Mastery Tests—Three Simulation Studies

A simulation study of a sequential computerized mastery test is carried out with items modeled with the 3 parameter logistic item response theory model. The examinees' responses are either identically distributed, not identically distributed, or not identically distributed together with estimation errors in the item characteristics. The simulations indicated that the observed results from the operating characteristic function differ significantly from the theoretical results, which is probably due to the use of an approximation formula. The mean number of items in a test, the distribution of test length, and the variance depend highly on how well we know the true values of the item characteristics and whether they are identically distributed or not.
Provision of Collective Goods As a Function of Group Size

In The Logic of Collective Action, Mancur Olson shows how the activities of various political organizations can be fruitfully analyzed using the theory of collective goods. Several of Olson's major conclusions concern the relationship between the size of a group and its ability to provide its members with collective benefits. He concludes that as group size increases, the amount of collective benefits provided will become increasingly suboptimal, and that the absolute amount of collective benefits provided will decrease. This paper shows that Olson's conclusion concerning the relationship between group size and the absolute amount of collective benefits provided is not generally true. Within the framework of analysis used by Olson, it is demonstrated that the relationship is determined by the interaction between two effects, an “income” effect which may cause the level of benefits provided to increase as group size increases, and a “congestion” effect which may cause the level of benefits to decrease as group size increases. The final result is that for “inclusive” collective goods the relationship is an increasing one, while for “exclusive” goods it is a decreasing one. Some implications of this result for the use of the theory of collective goods in studying political processes are discussed.
CONCENTRATIONS OF INORGANIC IONS AS RELATED TO GROWTH OF EXCISED ROOT-TIPS OF WHEAT SEEDLINGS.

Introduction Growth of excised wheat root-tips, as influenced by H-ion concentration of the medium, volume of the medium, temperature, illumination, and organic nutrition was considered in an earlier paper (10). The present contribution deals with additional preliminary experiments on growth of the same kind of root-tips as related to concentrations and proportions of inorganic ions (other than H+ and OH-) in the medium. Except as otherwise stated, experimental procedures were like those described in the paper just referred to: the culture flasks (each with a single root-tip) stood in a well ventilated basement room, with temperature maintained at about 250 C. and with continuous artificial illumination from nitrogen-filled Mazda "daylight" lamps; the standard nutrient medium used was the USPENSKI solution (9), to each liter of which 20 gm. of
Can a Second Language Help You in More Ways Than One

In response to the review article written by Paap et al. [1], we will examine the reasons why one would expect some behavioral and cognitive advantages of bilingualism. Then we will explain why such advantages may not be apparent in certain experiments. We will conclude that bilingualism is a skill that can entail neuroplastic changes, thus improving cognitive load processing abilities. However, the extent to which bilingualism may or may not lead to cognitive advantages or disadvantages relates to several factors. Finally, we argue that the optimal approach in studying the potential cognitive advantages of bilingualism is to link behavior to brain function, as a given behavior may be subserved by different neural mechanisms in bilingual and monolingual populations, reflecting distinct processing strategies.