Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Altered TNSALP Expression and Phosphate Regulation Contribute to Reduced Mineralization in Mice Lacking Androgen Receptor

ABSTRACT While androgen receptor (AR)-deficient mice developed osteopenia in endochondral bones due to the high bone turnover with increased bone resorption by osteoclasts, little is known about the mechanism of intramembranous bone loss contributed by AR in osteoblasts. Here, we discovered a dramatic decrease in the area of calcification, new bone, and the number of osteocytes in calvaria from AR-deficient mice related to a reduction in mineralization caused, in part, by the diminished activity of AR-deficient osteoblasts. Enforced AR expression in differentiated osteoblasts boosts mineralization while knockdown of AR expression prevents androgen-induced mineralization. We identified the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) and several members of small integrin binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) gene family as androgen target genes required for AR-mediated bone formation. We show that inorganic phosphate (Pi) levels and TNSALP activity increased in response to androgen/AR and Pi signals increase the expression and translocation of AR. The ectopic expression of TNSALP or Pi partially rescued the bone loss due to AR deficiency. Thus, androgen/AR signaling plays an essential role in bone formation by coordinating the expression of genes associated with phosphate regulation.
A Unified Hybrid Asymptotic-Numerical Approach for Low Reynolds Number Flow Calculations

In this paper we consider several variants of the classical problem of slow, steady, two-dimensional flow of a viscous incompressible fluid around an infinitely long straight cylinder. By slow we mean that the Reynolds number ε ≡ U∞L/ν is small, where U∞ is the velocity of the fluid at infinity, ν is the kinematic viscosity, and 2L is the diameter of the cross-section of the cylinder. For a circular cylinder with no slip boundary condition, and in the limit ε → 0, the method of matched asymptotic expansions was used systematically in Kaplun (1957) and in Proudman & Pearson (1957) to resolve the well-known Stokes paradox, and to calculate asymptotically the stream function in both the Stokes region, which is near the body, and in the Oseen region, which is far from the body. These pioneering studies showed that, for ε→ 0, the asymptotic expansion for the drag coefficient CD of a circular cylindrical body starts with CD ∼ 4πε F(ε), where F(ε) is an infinite series in powers of 1/ log ε. The coefficients in this series are determined in terms of the solutions to certain forced Oseen problems. In an effort to determine CD quantitatively, analytical formulae for the first three coefficients in F(ε) were derived in Kaplun (1957). However, as a result of the slow decay of 1/ log ε with decreasing values of ε, the resulting three-term truncated series for CD agrees rather poorly with the experimental results of Tritton (1959) unless ε is very small. Owing to the complexity of the calculations required, it is impractical to obtain a closer quantitative determination of the drag coefficient by calculating further coefficients in F(ε) analytically. As a result of these fundamental long-standing difficulties, the problem of slow viscous flow around a cylinder has served as a paradigm for problems where matched asymptotic analysis fails to be of much practical use, unless ε is very small. In Kropinski et al. (1995) this problem was re-examined and a hybrid asymptoticnumerical method was formulated and implemented to effectively sum the infinite logarithmic expansions that arise from the singular perturbation analysis of slow viscous flow around a cylinder that has a cross-section that is symmetric with respect to the free stream. This approach differed from the hybrid method employed in Lee & Leal (1986) in which numerical methods are used within the framework of the method of matched asymptotic expansions to calculate the first few coefficients in the logarithmic
The Benefits of Gratitude in Spiritual Formation: Collaborative of Gratefulness in a Christian Church Community

This field experiment examined the effects of a gratefulness intervention in the context of a Christian church congregation. Two Evangelical congregations with comparable demographic and socio-economic characteristics were enrolled and assigned to the experimental and comparison conditions. In an effort to integrate psychological intervention techniques with established spiritual formation practices, the intervention was developed collaboratively with church leaders. In addition to examining the well-known benefits of gratefulness – strengthening of interpersonal relationships, increased life satisfaction, psychological well-being (PWB), and enhanced spiritual well-being (SWB), this research considered whether the practice of gratitude mobilized participants to engage others inside and outside the congregation. It also considered whether the collaborative approach in conducting the study impacted the perception of psychology among participating clergy and church members. GRATITUDE AND SPIRITUAL FORMATION iv Outcome data were analyzed using mixed-method ANOVAS. Significant within-subject effects were found for PWB, SWB, and life satisfaction. However, since the comparison group showed increases for SWB and life satisfaction in the absence of a gratitude intervention, only improvements in PWB are well supported. No significant changes occurred on measures of interpersonal engagement. As a result of this collaborative study participants rated psychologists and interdisciplinary collaboration more favorably than they had in the beginning. This research represents the first quasi-experiment to study a gratitude intervention within a faith congregation. In spite of methodological limitations, it highlights the potential benefit of gratitude interventions designed in collaboration with clergy. GRATITUDE AND SPIRITUAL FORMATION v Table of
Functional Cortical Hubs in the Eyes-Closed Resting Human Brain from an Electrophysiological Perspective Using Magnetoencephalography

It is not clear whether specific brain areas act as hubs in the eyes-closed (EC) resting state, which is an unconstrained state free from any passive or active tasks. Here, we used electrophysiological magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals to study functional cortical hubs in 88 participants. We identified several multispectral cortical hubs. Although cortical hubs vary slightly with different applied measures and frequency bands, the most consistent hubs were observed in the medial and posterior cingulate cortex, the left dorsolateral superior frontal cortex, and the left pole of the middle temporal cortex. Hubs were characterized as connector nodes integrating EC resting state functional networks. Hubs in the gamma band were more likely to include midline structures. Our results confirm the existence of multispectral cortical cores in EC resting state functional networks based on MEG and imply the existence of optimized functional networks in the resting brain.
Design of low power and high speed ripple carry adder using modified feedthrough logic

This paper presents the design of a low power and high performance circuit using a new CMOS domino logic family called feedthrough logic (FTL). Feedthrogh logic improves the performance of arithmetic circuit by performing partial evaluation in its computational block before its input signals are valid. FTL improves the speed of arithmetic circuits along with more power consumption. The proposed modified FTL achieves both reductions in average power consumption along with the improvement in speed at the cost of area. A long chain of inverter (10-stage) and a 16-bit ripple carry adder is designed by the proposed modified feedthrough logic. Then a comparison analysis has been carried out by simulating the logic circuits in 0.18 um technology. The simulation shows that the proposed modified circuit reduces the dynamic power consumption up to 45% along with a improvement in speed by a factor of 1.65.
Higgs Bundles and Geometric Structures on Surfaces

This paper concerns the relationship between locally homogeneous geometric structures on topological surfaces and the moduli of polystable Higgs bundles on Riemann surfaces, due to Hitchin and Simpson. In particular we discuss the uniformization of Riemann surfaces by hyperbolic geometry from this viewpoint, and survey more recent developments in this theory.
Effective stress for transport properties of inhomogeneous porous rock

General effective-stress rules are derived for various physical properties of inhomogeneous porous rocks. Some rigorous relations arising in the analysis show that the fluid (pore) pressure p{sub f} is least effective at counteracting the changes caused by confining pressure for the solid (grain) volume; p{sub f} is more effective for the total (solid plus pore) volume; p{sub f} is still more effective for the pore volume; and p{sub f} is most effective at maintaining the fluid content of the pores. Although these results are expected intuitively, this analysis provides the first rigorous demonstration. During analysis of coefficients, care is taken to distinguish between rigorous inequalities (following from thermodynamics) and empirical inequalities (commonly observed, but not required by thermodynamics). For microscopically inhomogeneous rocks (the Gassmann limit), it is shown that the confining pressure is always at least as effective as the fluid pressure at changing the fluid permeability; therefore, it is impossible to use any {open_quotes}equivalent homogeneous rock{close_quotes} to explain experimental results of Zoback and Byerlee and others (wherein it has been shown experimentally that the permeability sometimes is more strongly influenced by fluid pressure than confining pressure). The authors show that the equivalent homogeneous rock paradigm may be successfully replacedmore » by the {open_quotes}two-constituent porous medium{close_quotes} paradigm. In principle, the new paradigm can explain the data, but new measurements of pore compressibilities are required before quantitative comparisons can be made. 103 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs. « less
Challenges in the Enumeration and Phenotyping of CTC

Purpose: Presence of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in metastatic carcinoma is associated with poor survival. Phenotyping and genotyping of CTC may permit “real-time” treatment decisions, provided CTCs are available for examination. Here, we investigate what is needed to detect CTC in all patients. Experimental Design: CTCs enumerated in 7.5 mL of blood together with survival from 836 patients with metastatic breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer were used to predict the CTC concentration in the 42% of these patients in whom no CTCs were found and to establish the relation of concentration of CTCs with survival. Influence of different CTC definitions were investigated by automated cell recognition and a flow cytometric assay without an enrichment or permeabilization step. Results: A log-logistic regression of the log of CTC yielded a good fit to the CTC frequency distribution. Extrapolation of the blood volume to 5 L predicted that 99% of patients had at least one CTC before therapy initiation. Survival of patients with EpCAM+, cytokeratin+, CD45− nucleated CTCs is reduced by 6.6 months for each 10-fold CTC increase. Using flow cytometry, the potential three-fold recovery improvement is not sufficient to detect CTC in all patients in 7.5 mL of blood. Conclusions: EpCAM+, cytokeratin+, CD45− nucleated CTCs are present in all patients with metastatic breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer and their frequency is proportional to survival. To serve as a liquid biopsy for the majority of patients, a substantial improvement of CTC yield is needed, which can only be achieved by a dramatic increase in sample volume. Clin Cancer Res; 18(20); 5711–8. ©2012 AACR.
Failure, Nationalism, and Literature: The Making of Modern Chinese Identity, 1895-1937

Contents Illustrations xxx Acknowledgments xxx Chapter 1: Failure and National Identity 1 Chapter 2: The Yellow Race 000 Chapter 3: The Menace of Race 000 Chapter 4: Loving the Nation, Preserving the Race 000 Chapter 5: The Quest for Beauty and Notions of Femininity 000 Chapter 6: Community of Expiation: Confessions, Masculinity, and Masochism 000 Chapter 7: Kumen, Cultural Suffering 000 Conclusion: The Emergence of Culture in Failure 000 Notes 000 Bibliography 000 Character List 000 Index 000
When Vicarious Learning Rewards the Originating Firm:Exploring Learning Opportunities Available to the Licensor

Why should companies engage in licensing-out? While conventional wisdom mostly focuses on the financial and commercial benefits available to the licensor, this paper points to the learning opportunities entailed in licensing agreements. We develop an exploratory study built around a longitudinal cross-industry database of 558 licensing deals and we apply the vicarious learning framework to analyze the learning opportunities exploited by the licensor, as a result of engaging with a particular licensee in the first place. We investigate the licensorlicensee dyads on several dimensions, capturing their profiles and the different learning opportunities exploited; we also compare dyads that invert their role in a subsequent round to dyads that do not to understand whether there are difference in terms of learning patterns. Findings offer several insights consistent with a learning scenario, thus prompting further empirical research.
Exploring Microtask Crowdsourcing as a Means of Fault Localization

Microtask crowdsourcing is the practice of breaking down an overarching task to be performed into numerous, small, and quick microtasks that are distributed to an unknown, large set of workers. Microtask crowdsourcing has shown potential in other disciplines, but with only a handful of approaches explored to date in software engineering, its potential in our field remains unclear. In this paper, we explore how microtask crowdsourcing might serve as a means of fault localization. We particularly take a first step in assessing whether a crowd of workers can correctly locate known faults in a few lines of code (code fragments) taken from different open source projects. Through Mechanical Turk, we collected the answers of hundreds of workers to a pre-determined set of template questions applied to the code fragments, with a replication factor of twenty answers per question. Our findings show that a crowd can correctly distinguish questions that cover lines of code that contain a fault from those that do not. We also show that various filters can be applied to identify the most effective subcrowds. Our findings also presented serious limitations in terms of the proportion of lines of code selected for inspection and the cost to collect answers. We describe the design of our experiment, discuss the results, and provide an extensive analysis of different filters and their effects in terms of speed, cost, and effectiveness. We conclude with a discussion of limitations and possible future experiments toward more full-fledged fault localization on a large scale involving more complex faults.
Reduction of Turbidity of Water Using Locally Available Natural Coagulants

Turbidity imparts a great problem in water treatment. Moringa oleifera, Cicer arietinum, and Dolichos lablab were used as locally available natural coagulants in this study to reduce turbidity of synthetic water. The tests were carried out, using artificial turbid water with conventional jar test apparatus. Optimum mixing intensity and duration were determined. After dosing water-soluble extracts of Moringa oleifera, Cicer arietinum, and Dolichos lablab reduced turbidity to 5.9, 3.9, and 11.1 nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU), respectively, from 100 NTU and 5, 3.3, and 9.5, NTU, respectively, after dosing and filtration. Natural coagulants worked better with high, turbid, water compare to medium, or low, turbid, water. Highest turbidity reduction efficiency (95.89%) was found with Cicer arietinum. About 89 to 96% total coliform reduction were also found with natural coagulant treatment of turbid water. Using locally available natural coagulants, suitable, easier, and environment friendly options for water treatment were observed.
Non destructive evaluation of seven-wire strands using ultrasonic guided waves

ABSTRACT Seven-wire strands are widely used in civil engineering structures for cable-stayed bridges, prestressed concrete bridges or retaining walls applications. Corrosion and fatigue induced damages are of major concern for these metallic strands. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the theoretical and experimental works on the non destructive evaluation (NDE) of steel members using ultrasonic guided waves generated and detected with piezoelectric or magnetostrictive transducers. Results obtained for different frequency ranges on various configurations will be shown and discussed in order to quantify the performances and limits of guided ultrasonic wave inspection methodologies.
Electrical and Optical Properties of Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering

Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coatings have been prepared using the mid-frequency pulsed DC closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering technique in an Ar/O2 atmosphere using blends of tin oxide and tin fluoride powder formed into targets. FTO coatings were deposited with a thickness of 400 nm on glass substrates. No post-deposition annealing treatments were carried out. The effects of the chemical composition on the structural (phase, grain size), optical (transmission, optical band-gap) and electrical (resistivity, charge carrier, mobility) properties of the thin films were investigated. Depositing FTO by magnetron sputtering is an environmentally friendly technique and the use of loosely packed blended powder targets gives an efficient means of screening candidate compositions, which also provides a low cost operation. The best film characteristics were achieved using a mass ratio of 12% SnF2 to 88% SnO2 in the target. The thin film produced was polycrystalline with a tetragonal crystal structure. The optimized conditions resulted in a thin film with average visible transmittance of 83% and optical band-gap of 3.80 eV, resistivity of 6.71 × 10−3 Ω·cm, a carrier concentration (Nd) of 1.46 × 1020 cm−3 and a mobility of 15 cm2/Vs.
Extending the Frontier: A Structural Model of Investment and Technological Competition in the Supercomputer Industry

This paper proposes and estimates a dynamic structural model of innovation in the super- computer industry to evaluate the dependence of technological innovation on market structure. The model has two key features. First, it allows for technological leapfrogging while controlling for multiproduct ? rm pro? ts. Second, it uses the inclusive value of Nevo and Rossi (2007) to de- ? ne quality adjustment, which controls for ? rm entry, exit, product introduction and scrappage without modeling these decisions explicitly. Model estimates facilitate counterfactual compar- isons of how the maximal computing speed evolution di? ers under di? erent market structures. Consistent with the importance of a "selection e? ect" (Aghion et al, 2001, 2005), increased levels of competition are associated with a higher rates of innovation and increased welfare. However, the marginal increase in welfare is decreasing in the number of competitors.
Et valg i blinde?

15/16-åringer i Norge gjør et valg som har store konsekvenser for deres inntekt i arbeidsmarkedet: De velger om de skal ta yrkesfaglig eller allmennfaglig retning på videregående skole. Disse valgene vil igjen kunne legge tunge føringer for videre utdanningsvalg og yrkesvalg. Et viktig spørsmål er derfor hvor mye denne aldersgruppen vet om arbeidsmarkedet og dermed også mulige konsekvenser av valget de gjør. Vi har studert et representativt utvalg ungdom i Bergen året før de gjør dette valget. Vi har spurt dem om hva de vet om inntektsforskjeller i arbeidsmarkedet, samt hvor mye høy inntekt betyr når de tenker på hvilken jobb de skal ønske seg i framtiden. Til tross for at niendeklassingene rapporterer at høy inntekt betyr mye for hvilken jobb de vil ønske seg i framtiden, ser de ut til å vite lite om hvilke utdannings- og yrkesvalg som vil gi dem muligheten til høy inntekt.
Brief Report: Deficient Thymic Output in Rheumatoid Arthritis Despite Abundance of Prethymic Progenitors

Objective To determine the frequencies of common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) and recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and healthy control subjects. Methods Flow cytometry was performed to determine the frequencies of CLPs and RTEs in the peripheral blood of 101 control subjects and 51 patients with RA. Thirteen of these patients were also analyzed longitudinally for 6 months after initiation of treatment with a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor. Results A significant correlation between the frequencies of CLPs and RTEs was observed in healthy control subjects. The frequencies of both CLPs and RTEs decreased with age and correlated inversely with absolute lymphocyte numbers in peripheral blood. In patients with RA, the frequencies of RTEs were significantly decreased compared with the frequencies in control subjects. Importantly, the frequencies of CLPs were significantly higher in patients with RA compared with control subjects. Therapeutic TNF blockade further increased the frequency of CLPs, thereby normalizing thymic output, as indicated by an increase in the number of RTEs. Conclusion Thymic insufficiency in RA is not attributable to an inadequate supply of progenitor cells to the thymus. Thus, insufficient numbers of RTEs could result from inadequate thymic T cell neogenesis, or alternatively, could be a consequence of high CD4+ T cell turnover, homeostatic proliferation, and subsequent dilution of the RTE population.
Patient Experiences of Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

The psychological mechanisms of action involved in psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy are not yet well understood. Despite a resurgence of quantitative research regarding psilocybin, the current study is the first qualitative study of participant experiences in psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy. Semistructured interviews were carried out with 13 adult participants aged 22 to 69 years (M = 50 years) with clinically elevated anxiety associated with a cancer diagnosis. Participants received a moderate dose of psilocybin and adjunctive psychotherapy with an emphasis on the process of meaning-making. Verbatim transcribed interviews were analyzed by a five-member research team using interpretative phenomenological analysis. General themes found in all or nearly all transcripts included relational embeddedness, emotional range, the role of music as conveyor of experience, meaningful visual phenomena, wisdom lessons, revised life priorities, and a desire to repeat the psilocybin experience. Typical themes found in the majority of transcripts included the following: exalted feelings of joy, bliss, and love; embodiment; ineffability; alterations to identity; a movement from feelings of separateness to interconnectedness; experiences of transient psychological distress; the appearance of loved ones as guiding spirits; and sharing the experience with loved ones posttreatment. Variant themes found in a minority of participant transcripts include lasting changes to sense of identity, synesthesia experiences, catharsis of powerful emotion, improved relationships after treatment, surrender or “letting go,” forgiveness, and a continued struggle to integrate experience. The findings support the conclusion that psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy may provide an effective treatment for psychological distress in cancer patients. Implications for theory and treatment are discussed.