Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variations in the concentrations of free amino acids in the plasma of the dairy cow at parturition

Summary The plasma levels of individual amino acids were studied in 6 dairy cows from 4 days before to 3 days after calving. During this sampling period, the concentrations of 13 amino acids showed significant changes. The levels of several amino acids were depressed markedly in the sample collected immediately before calving. Following parturition, the concentration of most amino acids gradually returned to values obtained 3 days before calving. The glutamine and alanine contents of the plasma rose to a peak value 1 day after calving and subsequently decreased. The mean concentrations of glycine and α-aminobutyric acid did not change before parturition but rose significantly thereafter. These observations are discussed in terms of amino-acid utilization for milk protein synthesis and gluconeogenesis at the onset of lactation. The changes in plasma amino acid levels appear to be synchronized with those reported for prolactin and progesterone in the 24 h before parturition. This may indicate an important influence of both hormones on the lactogenic process in the cow. The highly significant correlations obtained between the concentrations of 14 individual amino acids are discussed.
Online pedestrian group walking event detection using spectral analysis of motion similarity graph

A method for online identification of group of moving objects in the video is proposed in this paper. This method at each frame identifies group of tracked objects with similar local instantaneous motion pattern using spectral clustering on motion similarity graph. Then, the output of the algorithm is used to detect the event of more than two object moving together as required by PETS2015 challenge. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated on the PETS2015 dataset.
Does psychological adjustment of melanoma survivors differs between genders?

Objective: Survival rates of cancer have significantly increased. However, cancer survivors face physical, psychological and social difficulties, while adjusting to post‐illness status. We examined between‐gender differences in the psychological adjustment (mental well‐being, distress and subjective level of functioning), the putative origin of those differences, and the roles of cognitive appraisal, hardiness and attachment style in the psychological adjustment of melanoma survivors.
The Influence of a Pedagogical Agent on Learners' Cognitive Load

According to cognitive load theorists, the incorporation of extraneous features, such as pedagogical agents, into the learning environment can introduce extraneous cognitive load and thus interfere with learning outcome scores. In this study, the influence of a pedagogical agent’s presence in an instructional video was compared to a video that did not contain a pedagogical agent. The results indicated no significant differences on a multiple choice learning outcome measure or on a perceived mental effort measure that was rated both after the instructional sequence and after completion of the post-test. In addition, no significant differences were found between groups in relation to their training efficiency or instructional efficiency. Accordingly, the position that the mere appearance of a pedagogical agent in the learning environment increases the cognitive load imposed by a learning task should be re-examined.
In vivo distribution and metabolism of a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide within rat liver after intravenous administration.

In the rat, the liver represents a major site of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide deposition after i.v. administration. For this reason, we examined the intracellular fate of ISIS 1082, a 21-base heterosequence phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide, isolated from parenchymal and nonparenchymal cell types after systemic dosing using established perfusion and separation techniques followed by CGE. Isolated cells were further fractionated into nuclear, cytosolic and membrane constituents to assess the intracellular localization, distribution and metabolic profiles as a function of time and dose. After a 10-mg/kg i.v. bolus, intracellular drug levels where maximal after 8 hr and diminished significantly thereafter, suggesting an active efflux mechanism or metabolism. Nonparenchymal (i.e., Kupffer and endothelial) cells contained approximately 80% of the total organ cellular dose, and this was equivalently distributed between the two cell types, while the remaining 20% was associated with hepatocytes. Nonparenchymal cells contained abundant nuclear, cytosolic and membrane drug levels over a wide dose range. In contrast, at doses of less than 25 mg/kg, hepatocytes contained significantly less drug with no detectable nuclear-association. Doses at or above 25 mg/kg appeared to saturate nonparenchymal cell types, whereas hepatocytes continued to accumulate drug in all cellular compartments, including the nucleus. Our results suggest that although pharmacokinetic parameters vary as a function of hepatic cell type, significant intracellular delivery can be readily achieved in the liver after systemic administration.
Difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis: use of 'finger port', a new approach.

BACKGROUND Adhesions in acute cholecystitis tax even the more experienced operator during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Blunt and sharp dissection, electrocautery, laser, hydrodissection, and ultrasonic dissection may all have their limitations. Thus there is a need for an alternative and more effective method. METHOD Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was carried out in 281 patients with acute cholecystitis. Separation of the gallbladder from the adherent structures was carried out in 13 patients, using the forefinger of the left hand introduced through the right hypochondrial port. In two patients a second finger was introduced through the epigastric port. RESULTS The mean time required for the dissection was 7.9 minutes. Finger dissection failed in three patients because of dense adhesions on a high subcostal position of the gallbladder. DISCUSSION Finger dissection is easy, fast, and limits injury because of the direct vision and tactile sensation, which are missing in other methods of laparoscopic dissection.
Teaching Writing a News Item Text through Applying a Newscast Activity to Senior High School Students.

Abstrak Makalah ini membahas penggunaan newscast activity dalam pengajaran menulis teks news item dalam bahasa inggris pada satuan pendidikan Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA). Pada newscast activity , siswa bekerja dalam kelompok. Sebelum menulis teks berita, siswa terlebih dahulu mendengarkan rekaman berita dan membaca artikel berita yang diperlukan siswa untuk menulis teks berita mereka sendiri. Kegiatan ini berlanjut hingga mereka menulis teks dan membaca teks berita tersebut di depan kelas. Makalah ini diharapkan memberikan hal yang bermanfaat bagi para guru dalam mengajarkan siswa untuk menulis. Selanjutnya, newscast activity ini diharapkan mampu menjadi salah satu variasi pembelajaran menulis di kelas. Keunggulan kegiatan ini adalah mengintegrasikan beberapa keterampilan bahasa; mendengar, berbicara, membaca, dan menulis. Kegiatan ini juga membantu siswa meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang variasi bahasa lisan dan tulisan. Key words: keterampilan menulis, a newscast activity, teks news item.
Time-Frequency Masking: Linking Blind Source Separation and Robust Speech Recognition

In order to deploy automatic speech recognition (ASR) effectively in real world scenarios it is necessary to handle hostile environments with multiple speech and noise sources. One classical example is the so-called "cocktail party problem" (Cherry, 1953), where a number of people are talking simultaneously in a room and the ASR task is to recognize the speech content of one or more target speakers amidst other interfering sources. Although the human brain and auditory system can handle this everyday problem with ease it is very hard to solve with computational algorithms. Current state-of-the-art ASR systems are trained on clean single talker speech and therefore inevitably have serious difficulties when confronted with noisy multi-talker environments. One promising approach for noise robust speech recognition is based on the missing data automatic speech recognition (MD-ASR) paradigm (Cooke et al., 2001). MD-ASR requires a time-frequency (T-F) mask indicating the reliability of each feature component. The classification of a partly corrupted feature vector can then be performed on the reliable parts only, thus effectively ignoring the components dominated by noise. If the decision about the reliability of the spectral components can be made with absolute certainty, missing data systems can achieve recognition performance close to clean conditions even under highly adverse signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) (Cooke et al., 2001; Raj & Stern, 2005; Wang, 2005). The most critical part in the missing data framework is the blind estimation of the feature reliability mask for arbitrary noise corruptions. The remarkable robustness of the human auditory system inspired researchers in the field of computational auditory scene analysis (CASA) to attempt auditory-like source separation by using an approach based on human hearing. CASA systems first decompose a given signal mixture into a highly redundant T-F representation consisting of individual sound elements/atoms. These elementary atoms are subsequently arranged into separate sound streams by applying a number of grouping cues such as proximity in frequency and time, harmonicity or common location (Bregman, 1990; Brown & Cooke, 1994; Wang, 2005). The output of these grouping mechanisms can often be represented as a T-F mask which separates the target from the acoustic background. Essentially, T-F masking provides a link between speech separation and speech recognition (Cooke et al., 2001; Wang, 2005).
Affective pedagogical agents and user persuasion

The use of animated pedagogical agents with emotional capabilities in an interactive learning environment has been found to have a positive impact on learners. The Greek philosopher Aristotle contended that three elements; emotion, logic, and character are crucial for successful persuasion, i.e. in winning others over to one’s way of thinking. We have designed a pedagogical agent, which acts in an interactive learning environment, using the Cognitive Structure of Emotion model [Ortony, et al 1988] and the five-factor model of personality [McCrae and John 1992] thus taking into consideration Aristotel’s elements of a good persuader. In this paper we investigate the persuasive impact of this emotional pedagogical agent on a group of learners. The results show that while not contributing any significant performance gain in learning, the incorporation of emotion changes the way students perceive the learning process, and makes it more engaging. We also found out that there are some gender-based and individual differences in the user perception of an emotional agent, which need to be taken into account when designing a more adaptive and “intelligent” emotional pedagogical agents.
Contextual Interference and Introversion/Extraversion in Motor Learning

The Introversion/Extraversion dimension may interact with contextual interference, as random and blocked practice schedules imply distinct levels of variation. This study investigated the effect of different practice schedules in the acquisition of a motor skill in extraverts and introverts. Forty male undergraduate students (M = 24.3 yr., SD = 5.6) were classified as extraverts (n = 20) and introverts (n = 20) by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and allocated in one of two practice schedules with different levels of contextual interference: blocked (low contextual interference) and random (high contextual interference). Half of each group was assigned to a blocked practice schedule, and the other half was assigned to a random practice schedule. The design had two phases: acquisition and transfer (5 min. and 24 hr.). The participants learned variations of a sequential timing keypressing task. Each variation required the same sequence but different timing; three variations were used in acquisition, and one variation of intermediate length was used in transfer. Results for absolute error and overall timing error (root mean square error) indicated that the contextual interference effect was more pronounced for introverts. In addition, introverts who practiced according to the blocked schedule committed more errors during the 24-hr. transfer, suggesting that introverts did not appear to be challenged by a low contextual interference practice schedule.
A History of Buddhist Philosophy: Continuities and Discontinuities

The present work has, since its original publication in 1976, offered an unequaled introduction to the philosophical principles and historical development of Buddhism. Now, representing the culmination of Dr. Kalupahana's thirty years of scholarly research the reflection, 'A History of Buddhist Philosophy' builds upon and surpasses that earlier work, providing a completely reconstructed, detailed analysis of both early and later Buddhism.
ANALISA FAKTOR INDIVIDUAL PENGUSAHA MIKRO DAN KECIL SEKTOR INFORMAL DAN HUBUNGANNYA TERHADAP KINERJA BISNIS DI JAWA TIMUR

800x600 Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan faktor individual pengusaha sektor informal, melihat kinerja bisnis pengusaha sektor informal dan melihat hubungan antar faktor individual dan kinerja bisnis pada usaha sektor informal di Jawa Timur. Sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 68 pengusaha mikro dan kecil yang tersebar di Jawa Timur. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kuantitatif, dimana teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner. Data yang diperoleh kemudian diuji statistik deskriptif (distribusi frekuensi) dan tabulasi silang menggunakan SPSS 16.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemilik usaha mikro dan kecil sektor informal mayoritas laki-laki, berusia kurang dari 25 tahun, kawin, memiliki anak, jenjang pendidikan perguruan tinggi dan memiliki pengalaman yang sesuai, waktu kerja lebih dari 36 jam, punya keterampilan, penghasilan awal berdiri kurang dari lima puluh juta, penghasilan saat ini kurang dari tujuh belas juta, modal awal berdiri kurang dari dua puluh juta, modal saat ini kurang dari enam puluh juta, asset awal berdiri kurang dari lima ratus juta rupiah, asset saat ini kurang dari satu milyar rupiah, profit awal berdiri kurang dari empat puluh lima juta rupiah dan profit saat ini kurang dari dua ratus lima puluh juta rupiah dan mayoritas berjenis usaha produk. Dilihat dari hasil tabulasi silang antara jenjang pendidikan dan penentuan target pelanggan saat ini, mayoritas yang sudah menetapkan target pelanggan adalah responden berpendidikan SMA dan perguruan tinggi. Dari hasil tabulasi silang antara jenjang pendidikan dan promosi saat ini, mayoritas responden berpendidikan SMA dan perguruan tinggi menggunakan getok tular. Dari hasil tabulasi silang antara usia dan promosi saat ini, mayoritas responden yang berusia kurang dari 25 tahun menggunakan cara penjualan langsung. Dari hasil tabulasi silang antara usia dan distribusi saat ini, mayoritas responden yang berusia 25-35 tahun melakukan distribusi ecer sendiri. Normal 0 false false false EN-GB ZH-CN X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
p53 expression in odontogenic keratocyst epithelium.

The expression of p53 protein was studied in odontogenic keratocysts (OKC, 11 solitary, 5 recurrent and 6 NBCCS cysts), radicular (RC, n = 5) and dentigerous (DC, n = 5) cysts, using a panel of antibodies to p53 (clone BP53-12, clone 1801 and polyclonal CM1) and a sensitive biotin-streptavidin method on paraffin embedded sections. Of the three antibodies tested, clone BP53-12 gave the most intense and consistent nuclear staining pattern. Clone 1801 and polyclonal CM1 stained only 38% and 71% OKC linings, respectively, but not RC and DC linings. However, BP53-12+ cells were detected in the epithelial linings of all cyst types. Quantification of BP53-12+ cells was performed by manual counting and by relating cell number to unit length of basement membrane as determined by TV image analysis. BP53-12+ cell counts in solitary OKC linings (25.5 +/- 11.0 cells/mmBM) were significantly greater than those in DC (9.3 +/- 4.9 cells/mmBM, P < 0.01) and RC (6.7 +/- 2.6 cells/mmBM, P < 0.01) linings. The epithelial distribution of positive cells in OKC was predominantly suprabasal, which also varied from that of DC and RC linings (P < 0.005). There were no detectable differences in BP53-12 reactivity between the different subtypes of OKC (i.e., solitary, recurrent and NBCCS-associated OKC; P > 0.1). When data for the NBCCS-related OKC group were excluded, there was a significant correlation (r = 0.55, P < 0.01) between p53 and Ki67 labelling. To detect the presence of p53 gene mutations, genomic DNA, extracted from paraffin sections of OKC (4 solitary, 2 recurrent and 4 NBCCS cysts), RC (n = 3) and normal oral mucosa (n = 1), was subjected to a combination of polymerase chain reaction and single-stranded conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis for exons 5-10 of the p53 gene. Exon 4 was not analysed because of compromised DNA quality. No abnormality in banding patterns was found and all samples gave results similar to DNA from known, sequenced, normal p53 gene controls. Absence of p53 mutations within exons 5-9 was confirmed by the direct sequencing of 2 fresh frozen OKC samples (1 solitary and 1 NBCCS cyst). These results suggest that overexpression of p53 protein in OKC epithelium, detected by immunocytochemistry, is not reflected by alteration of the p53 gene and presumably reflects overproduction and/or stabilisation of normal p53 protein.
Individual Level Randomness in a Nonatomic Population

This paper provides a construction of an uncountable family of i.i. d. random vectors, indexed by the points of a nonatomic measure space, such that (a) samples are measurable functions from the index space, and (b) an exact analogue of the Glivenko-Cantelli theorem holds with respect to the measure on that space. That is, a sample possesses a.s. the same distribution as that of the random vectors from which it is drawn. Moreover, any subspace of the index space with positive measure inherits the same property. This homogeneity property is important for an application of the construction to mathematical economics.
Example-based learning: effects of model expertise in relation to student expertise.

BACKGROUND Worked examples are very effective for novice learners. They typically present a written-out ideal (didactical) solution for learners to study. AIMS This study used worked examples of patient history taking in physiotherapy that presented a non-didactical solution (i.e., based on actual performance). The effects of model expertise (i.e., worked example based on advanced, third-year student model or expert physiotherapist model) in relation to students' expertise (i.e., first- or second-year) were investigated. SAMPLE One hundred and thirty-four physiotherapy students (61 first-year and 73 second-year). METHODS Design was 2 × 2 factorial with factors 'Student Expertise' (first-year vs. second-year) and 'Model Expertise' (expert vs. advanced student). Within expertise levels, students were randomly assigned to the Expert Example or the Advanced Student Example condition. All students studied two examples (content depending on their assigned condition) and then completed a retention and test task. They rated their invested mental effort after each example and test task. RESULTS Second-year students invested less mental effort in studying the examples, and in performing the retention and transfer tasks than first-year students. They also performed better on the retention test, but not on the transfer test. In contrast to our hypothesis, there was no interaction between student expertise and model expertise: all students who had studied the Expert examples performed better on the transfer test than students who had studied Advanced Student Examples. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that when worked examples are based on actual performance, rather than an ideal procedure, expert models are to be preferred over advanced student models.
Standing magnetic resonance imaging detection of bone marrow oedema-type signal pattern associated with subcarpal pain in 8 racehorses: a prospective study.

REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY The proximal metacarpal region is a common site of origin of lameness in the performance horse. A number of disease entities are recognised as causes of proximal metacarpal lameness but a definitive diagnosis is often elusive. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is hypothesised to offer advantages over traditional imaging modalities in the investigation of proximal metacarpal pain. OBJECTIVE To describe clinical and imaging features of cases of lameness in racehorses arising from the proximal metacarpal region in which standing MRI identified 'bone marrow oedema-type' (BMO-type) signal patterns. METHODS Records for all horses undergoing standing MRI of the proximal metacarpus/distal carpus from September 2006 to December 2008 were reviewed. Cases underwent a standardised protocol for diagnostic analgesia, radiography and ultrasonography of the proximal metacarpus and distal carpus. Cases with proximal metacarpal lameness displaying a characteristic BMO-type signal pattern on MRI were identified and outcomes analysed. RESULTS Eight cases were identified with characteristic MRI findings of extensive hyperintensity on T2* gradient echo and short tau inversion fast spin echo sequences and corresponding hypointensity on T1 gradient echo images within the palmaroproximal aspect of the third metacarpal bone. Follow-up information was available for all cases; at the time of writing 7/8 had returned to full work and were free from lameness. CONCLUSIONS The BMO-type signal patterns visible on MR images in these cases may signal the existence of a previously under-diagnosed pathological process associated with proximal metacarpal lameness in racehorses. This finding is postulated to be associated with a stress reaction and possible prodromal stress fracture of the palmaroproximal metacarpus not appreciable radiographically or ultrasonographically. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE MRI of the proximal metacarpal region permits detection of pathological processes, which may elude conventional imaging and, therefore, has important therapeutic and prognostic implications in these cases.