Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
WPA Section on Pharmacopsychiatry: consensus statement

j Abstract In the past few years several papers have reported critically on the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviour associated with antidepressants, primarily SSRIs. The risk-benefit ratio of antidepressant (AD) treatment has been questioned especially in children and adolescents. The critical publications led to warnings being issued by regulatory authorities such as the FDA, MHRA and EMEA and stimulated new research activity in this field. However, potential harmful effects of antidepressants on suicidality are difficult to investigate in empirical studies because these have several methodological limitations. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are the most reliable way to test the hypothesis that AD have such side effects. In addition to meta-analyses of RCTs, complementary research methods should be applied to obtain the most comprehensive information. We undertook a comprehensive review of publications related to the topics ADs, suicide, suicidality, suicidal behaviour and aggression. Based on this comprehensive review we conclude that ADs, including SSRIs, carry a small risk of inducing suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts, in age groups below 25 years, the risk reducing further at the age of about 30‐ 40 years. This risk has to be balanced against the wellknown beneficial effects of ADs on depressive and other symptoms (anxiety, panic, obsessive-compulsive symptoms), including suicidality and suicidal behaviour. According to the principles of good clinical practice, decision making should consider carefully the beneficial effects of AD treatment as well as potentially harmful effects and attempt to keep the potential risks of AD treatment to a minimum. It is the major problem facing efforts to identify the possible ‘suicidal effects’ of antidepressants.
Fatty Acids Composition of Elk, Deer, Roe Deer and Wild Boar Meat Hunted in Latvia

— A game animals – elk ( Alces alces ), deer (Cervus elaphus ), roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus) or wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) - every autumn and winter period provide an excellent investment, diversification of many consumer meals. In last years consumption and assortiment of game meat products significantly increase. Investigations about biochemical composition of game meat are not very much. The meat of wild animals is more favourable for human health because it has lower saturated fatty acids content, but higher content of protein. Therefore the aim of investigations was to compare biochemical composition of ungulates obtained in Latvia.Investigations were carried out in wild animals different regions of Latvia. In the studied samples protein, intramuscular fat, fatty acids and cholesterol were determined. The biochemical analysis of 54 samples were done. Results of analysis showed that protein content 22.36 – 22.92% of all types of meat samples is not different statistically, significantly lower fat content 1.33 ± 0.88% had elk meat samples and 1.59 ± 0.59% roe deer samples. Content of cholesterol was various 64.41 – 95.07% in the ruminant meat samples of different species. From the dietetic point of view the best composition of fatty acids has meat samples of roe deer.
Endosomal Signaling and a Novel Pathway Defined by the Natural Killer Receptor KIR2DL4 (CD158d)

In addition to ligand‐induced activation of receptors at the cell surface, certain internalized receptor–ligand complexes are activated in endosomes which are, now recognized as important intracellular platforms of signal transduction. The major receptor families that signal from endosomes and illustrate the diversity and complexity of endosomal signaling include receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) and toll‐like receptors (TLRs). Natural killer (NK) cells, an important component of the innate immune system, not only provide a rapid defense against foreign invaders, such as bacteria and viruses, but also positively shape local responses by cytokine and chemokine secretion. The NK cell receptor KIR2DL4 (CD158d) utilizes a new mode of endosomal signaling after binding its ligand, soluble HLA‐G, in the extracellular milieu. Internalization of the receptor and its ligand into endosomes and initiation of signaling at this site result in a proinflammatory and proangiogenic response with important functions at sites of ligand expression, such as at the maternal–fetal interface during early pregnancy. After a brief overview of the modes of endosomal signaling and its value in generating distinct physiological responses, this review will highlight the mechanism and physiological significance of a novel intracellular signaling pathway used by the endosome‐resident immune receptor KIR2DL4.
A process mining approach to linking the study of aptitude and event facets of self-regulated learning

Research on self-regulated learning has taken main two paths: self-regulated learning as aptitudes and more recently, self-regulated learning as events. This paper proposes the use of the Fuzzy miner process mining technique to examine the relationship between students' self-reported aptitudes (i.e., achievement goal orientation and approaches to learning) and strategies followed in self-regulated learning. A pilot study is conducted to probe the method and the preliminary results are reported.
Cardioprotective effects of the MR contrast agent MnDPDP and its metabolite MnPLED upon reperfusion of the ischemic porcine myocardium

Purpose: To evaluate whether manganese dipyridoxyl diphosphate (MnDPDP) or its metabolite manganese dipyridoxyl ethyldiamine (MnPLED) reduces post-ischemic myocardial injury. Material and Methods: Left anterior descending artery (LAD) in anesthetized pigs was occluded (30 min) followed by reperfusion (120 min) during hemodynamic monitoring and infarct assessment. Three μmol/kg MnDPDP, 1 μmol/kg MnPLED (or a mixture of both) or saline was injected i.v. 10 min before reperfusion followed by infusion of either 3 μmol/kg/h MnDPDP, 1 μmol/kg/h MnPLED (or a mixture of both) or saline. The plasma concentrations of MnDPDP, MnPLED and other metabolites (e.g., ZnDPDP and ZnPLED) were analyzed. Results: Femoral blood flow was reduced by 60% during early reperfusion in controls, whereas only 23 and 31% reductions were seen in animals treated with MnDPDP and MnPLED. During that time, +LV/dP and -LV/dP (maximum rate of left ventricular isovolumic contraction and relaxation, respectively), systolic pressure and diastolic pressure fell significantly less in animals treated with MnDPDP or MnPLED. Three out of 5 control animals experienced ventricular fibrillation (VF) during reperfusion, whereas VF was not seen in any of the pigs treated with MnPLED or/and MnDPDP. The infarct sizes in saline- and MnPLED-treated animals were 39±6 and 16±5%, respectively, of the occluded areas. MnDPDP did not reduce the infarct size. A mixture of MnDPDP and MnPLED significantly reduced infarct size (10±4%). When reperfusion started and throughout reperfusion, almost all injected MnDPDP was present as Zn-metabolites. Conclusion: MnPLED seems to reduce reperfusion-induced cardiac dysfunction and infarct size in pigs. MnDPDP does not reduce infarct size in the pig, probably because of the rapid exchange of Mn2+ for Zn2+ taking place in the pig.
Direct Optimization of Frame-to-Frame Rotation

This work makes use of a novel, recently proposed epipolar constraint for computing the relative pose between two calibrated images. By enforcing the coplanarity of epipolar plane normal vectors, it constrains the three degrees of freedom of the relative rotation between two camera views directly-independently of the translation. The present paper shows how the approach can be extended to n points, and translated into an efficient eigenvalue minimization over the three rotational degrees of freedom. Each iteration in the non-linear optimization has constant execution time, independently of the number of features. Two global optimization approaches are proposed. The first one consists of an efficient Levenberg-Marquardt scheme with randomized initial value, which already leads to stable and accurate results. The second scheme consists of a globally optimal branch-and-bound algorithm based on a bound on the eigenvalue variation derived from symmetric eigenvalue-perturbation theory. Analysis of the cost function reveals insights into the nature of a specific relative pose problem, and outlines the complexity under different conditions. The algorithm shows state-of-the-art performance w.r. t. essential-matrix based solutions, and a frame-to-frame application to a video sequence immediately leads to an alternative, real-time visual odometry solution.
Experiences Designing and Building a Multi-Hop Wireless Ad Hoc Network Testbed

Abstract : In this paper, we describe our experiences building a multi-hop wireless ad hoc network of 8 nodes driving around a 700 m by 300 m site. Each node runs the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol and interfaces seamlessly with existing Internet infrastructure and the Mobile IP protocol. The issues discussed in this paper range from logistical and management issues, to protocol design and performance analysis issues. We also present an early characterization of the testbed performance, and describe a significant new challenge for ad hoc network routing protocols. The major goal of the paper, however, is to share our experiences, in the belief that they may be useful to others who attempt to build other ad hoc network testbeds.
College Coaches’ Experiences with Stress—“Problem Solvers” Have Problems, Too

Research has demonstrated that coaches experience stress because of the nature of their job and that stress can affect their physical and mental well-being (Richman, 1992; Wang & Ramsey, 1998). The purpose of the present study was to better understand coaches’ experiences with stress, the perceived effects of stress on their coaching performance, and their coping strategies. A semistructured interview approach was used with 10 NCAA Division I male and female head coaches. The five major themes that characterized the coaches’ experiences were contextual/conditional factors, sources of stress, responses and effects of stress, managing stress, and sources of enjoyment. The results are discussed in relation to Smith’s (1986) cognitive-affective model of stress. Opportunities for future research are suggested, and implications for practitioners who want to help coaches manage the stress of their profession are offered.
The influence of executive functions, sensation seeking, and HIV serostatus on the risky sexual practices of substance-dependent individuals

From a public health standpoint, identifying factors that contribute to risky sexual practices among substance-dependent individuals is critical, particularly in the context of HIV infection. This study examines the respective contributions of executive neurocognitive functions, sensation seeking, and HIV serostatus in predicting risky sexual practices among poly-substance users (with a history of dependence primarily for cocaine or cocaine/heroin). HIV+ (n = 109) and HIV− (n = 154) substance-dependent individuals were assessed using three neurocognitive tasks of executive functions: Stroop reaction time, delayed non-matching to sample, and the Iowa Gambling Task. Sensation seeking was assessed using the Sensation Seeking Scale–V. Greater sensation seeking was associated with more risky sexual practices among HIV+ participants, particularly among those who performed best on the Iowa Gambling Task. Our findings indicate that continued risk behavior among HIV+ drug users may be driven by sensation seeking (a personality trait common among drug users); however, the impact of executive functions is less clear. (JINS, 2005, 11, 121–131.)
A case‐control study of the efficacy of a non‐randomized breast cancer screening program in florence (Italy)

In a rural area near Florence a population‐based screening program for breast cancer was started in 1970, offering a mammography test every 2.5 years to all women between 40 and 70 years of age. In order to evaluate the efficacy of this program a case‐control study has been carried out comparing the screening history of all women who died from breast cancer in this area in the years 1977–1984, and who had been diagnosed after the start of the program, with that of a matched group of living controls. The case‐control study showed that the overall O.R. of dying from breast cancer in the study period for “screened” versus “never‐screened” women was 0.53 (95% C.I. = 0.29–0.95). After evaluation of other variables as potential confounders the adjusted O.R. estimates were respectively 0.57 (95% C.I. = 0.35–0.92) and 0.32 (95% C.I. = 0.20–0.52) for women screened only once or at least twice. No significant protective effect was shown for women below the age of 50 years.
Physical Fitness, Anthropometric and Sedentary Behavior Characteristics of 7-to-11 Year-old Boys in Different Physical Activity Levels

The aim of this study was to compare anthropometric variables, sedentary behaviours and various physical fitness components of three different physical activity levels in 7-to-11year-old Ardabilian boys. 766 healthy boys underwent standard anthropometry and twelve fitness tests. Child's TV watching and video playing daily time (TVVPT) was taken for sedentary behavior evaluation. Physical activity (PA) for children was measured using the PA Questionnaire. Considering the mean of PA scores children were categorized in three no active, some active and active groups. Except Hand grip strength and Balance test, the active boys attained better results in all fitness tests than the no active boys (P 0.01). Also except cardiorespiratory fitness, Hand grip strength and Balance test the active boys attained better results in all fitness tests than the some active boys (P 0.01). The some active and the no active boys had significantly higher TVVPT than the active boys (P 0.01). The mean values of Weight, BMI, Fat mass were significantly higher in the no active boys than both the some active and the active boys (P 0.01). Regarding the active boy's higher fitness level, high PA is recommended, although it should be stated that any PA in children is better than none at all.
Disentangling the influences of mean body size and size structure on ecosystem functioning: an example of nutrient recycling by a non‐native crayfish

Abstract Body size is a fundamental functional trait that can be used to forecast individuals' responses to environmental change and their contribution to ecosystem functioning. However, information on the mean and variation of size distributions often confound one another when relating body size to aggregate functioning. Given that size‐based metrics are used as indicators of ecosystem status, it is important to identify the specific aspects of size distributions that mediate ecosystem functioning. Our goal was to simultaneously account for the mean, variance, and shape of size distributions when relating body size to aggregate ecosystem functioning. We take advantage of habitat‐specific differences in size distributions to estimate nutrient recycling by a non‐native crayfish using mean‐field and variance‐incorporating approaches. Crayfishes often substantially influence ecosystem functioning through their omnivorous role in aquatic food webs. As predicted from Jensen's inequality, considering only the mean body size of crayfish overestimated aggregate effects on ecosystem functioning. This bias declined with mean body size such that mean‐field and variance‐incorporating estimates of ecosystem functioning were similar for samples at mean body sizes >7.5 g. At low mean body size, mean‐field bias in ecosystem functioning mismatch predictions from Jensen's inequality, likely because of the increasing skewness of the size distribution. Our findings support the prediction that variance around the mean can alter the relationship between body size and ecosystem functioning, especially at low mean body size. However, methods to account for mean‐field bias performed poorly in samples with highly skewed distributions, indicating that changes in the shape of the distribution, in addition to the variance, may confound mean‐based estimates of ecosystem functioning. Given that many biological functions scale allometrically, explicitly defining and experimentally or statistically isolating the effects of the mean, variance, and shape of size distributions is necessary to begin generalizing relationships between animal body size and ecosystem functioning.
Emotional expression and body dissatisfaction.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between emotional expression and body dissatisfaction in a sample of young women. METHOD Participants were 141 female undergraduates. They were assessed for emotional expression, body dissatisfaction, nonassertiveness, and depressive symptoms. The unique relation between emotional expression and body dissatisfaction was analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression. RESULTS Emotional expression was related inversely to body dissatisfaction. This association was significant after controlling for body mass index, nonassertiveness, and depressive symptoms. DISCUSSION This is the first study to examine the link between emotional expression and body dissatisfaction. Findings are discussed in terms of possible strategies for modifying shape- and weight-related concerns in women.
Is this for me? How Consumers Respond to Personalized Advertising on Social Network Sites

We study the impact of perceived personalization on consumer responses to advertising on Facebook, a popular social network site (SNS). Based on two experiments, we test a moderated mediation model with perceived relevance as the mediator and respondents' attitudes toward Facebook as the moderator of the relationship between perceived personalization on one hand and brand attitude and click intention on the other. The results show that perceived personalization improves responses toward Facebook ads, through perceived relevance. The moderating impact of attitude toward Facebook is significant only in the second study. There, the positive effect of perceived personalization of Facebook advertisements on click intention is stronger for participants with more positive attitudes toward Facebook.
Personal values and the ‘country‐of‐origin effect’: the moderating role of consumers' demographics

This article has addressed the following research problem: what consumers’ personal values most influence the country-of-origin effect? Furthermore, it has verified whether there are differences on this influence, in terms of consumers’ demographic characteristics such as gender, age and country familiarity. A descriptive and quantitative empirical research has been used to analyse the product category of Chinese home appliances, using a sample of Brazilian executives. Results have shown that consumers’ personal values exert different influences on the evaluation of foreign products. Most influences of personal values on the country-of-origin effect are negative; the more important the personal values, the more negative the products are evaluated. Exceptions are for women. With the results of this research, marketing professionals and theoreticians may better manage the use of a product’s country of origin as a marketing tool in international marketing activities.
Nego‐Feminism: Theorizing, Practicing, and Pruning Africa’s Way

I n 1999, I was invited to speak at an international conference organized by the “Women Waging Peace Project” at Harvard University’s Kennedy School that attracted participants from some of the conflict zones of our troubled planet—Northern Ireland, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, Sierra Leone, Rwanda, Bosnia, the Middle East, Burundi, Angola, and so forth. One of those invited to address the gathering was Martha Nussbaum, a philosopher who has assumed high visibility and substantial recognition in development studies through her articulation of the “human capabilities approach,” pioneered in development economics by Amartya Sen, a Nobel Laureate in economics. After a brief presentation of the human capabilities approach, Nussbaum had barely sat down when she was verbally attacked. The attack
An Attention-Based Activity Recognition for Egocentric Video

In this paper, we propose a human activity recognition method from first-person videos, which provides a supplementary method to improve the recognition accuracy. Conventional methods detect objects and derive a user's behavior based on their taxonomy. One of the recent works has achieved accuracy improvement by determining key objects based on hand manipulation. However, such manipulation-based approach has a restriction on applicable scenes and object types because the user's hands don't always present significant information. In contrast, our proposed attention-based approach provides a solution to detect visually salient objects as key objects in a non-contact manner. Experimental results show that the proposed method classifies first-person actions more accurately than the previous method by 6.4 percentage points and its average accuracy reaches 43.3%.
The face of sleepiness: improvement in appearance after treatment of sleep apnea.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Anecdote but no formal evidence suggests that facial appearance improves after hypersomnolent patients with obstructive sleep apnea are treated. We investigated whether masked volunteer raters can identify post- rather than pre-treatment images as looking more alert, and whether impressions are predicted by any objective changes on highly precise 3-dimensional digital photogrammetry. METHODS Participants included 20 adults with obstructive sleep apnea on polysomnography and excessive sleepiness on Epworth Sleepiness Scales. Photogrammetry was performed before and after ≥ 2 months of adherent use of positive airway pressure. Twenty-two raters then assessed pre- and post-treatment facial images, paired side-by-side in random order. RESULTS Subjects included 14 men and 6 women, with mean age 45 ± 11 (SD) years and mean baseline apnea/hypopnea index of 26 ± 21. The 22 raters twice as often identified post-treatment rather than pre-treatment images to look more alert (p = 0.0053), more youthful (p = 0.026), more attractive (p = 0.0068), and more likely to reflect the treated state (p = 0.015). Photogrammetry documented post-treatment decreases in forehead surface volume and decreased infraorbital and cheek redness, but no narrowing of the interpalpebral fissure. Decreased deep NREM sleep at baseline, and pre- to post-treatment decrements in facial redness showed promise as predictors of improved subjective ratings for alertness. CONCLUSIONS Patients with obstructive sleep apnea are perceived to appear more alert, more youthful, and more attractive after adherent use of positive airway pressure. Objective changes in facial surface volume and color were identified. Post-treatment decrements in redness may inform subjective impressions of improved alertness.
Microcomputer Use in Schools: Developing a Research Agenda

The impact of microcomputers on education is only beginning to be studied systematically. In this article Karen Sheingold, Janet Kane, and Mari Endreweit report on three case studies conducted to reveal how different school systems used microcomputers for instruction. They also develop an agenda for future research. Through interviews and observations, they investigated three geographically distinct school districts with diverse microcomputer applications at both elementary and secondary levels. Six trends emerged which raise important questions for future study: access to microcomputers; emergence of new roles in response to microcomputers; integration of microcomputers into elementary classrooms and curricula; quantity and quality of software; preparation of teachers for using microcomputers; and effects and outcomes of the instructional use of microcomputers.