Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Psychology Students’ Experiences of a Pilot Objective Structured Clinical Examination

There is a need to improve methods used to assess students’ clinical skills in postgraduate clinical psychology training, but research into the use of new competency‐based assessments are sparse. The current study examines the potential application of the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) to clinical psychology training. Commonly used in medical training, the OSCE requires students to demonstrate clinical skills across a number of standardised stations with trained actors playing the part of patients. A pilot OSCE was conducted with nine students from a psychology doctoral program. Participants completed a brief student feedback questionnaire and attended a focus group after the OSCE. They also completed the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory before and after the OSCE. The results showed that students viewed the OSCE as a valid, realistic, and fair assessment method. They reported high levels of anxiety during the OSCE but noted that the OSCE was a positive learning experience. These results suggest that OSCEs should be considered in clinical psychology training programs for the assessment of clinical competence. Further evaluations of the validity and reliability of the clinical psychology OSCE using a larger sample size are required. Other limitations and implications of the study are discussed.
End digit preference in blood pressure measurement in a hypertension specialty clinic in southwest Nigeria

Background One of the observer errors associated with blood pressure (BP) measurement using a mercury sphygmomanometer is end digit preference (EDP) which refers to the occurrence of a particular end digit more frequently than would be expected by chance alone. Published reports, mainly from outside Africa, have shown a high prevalence ranging from 22 to 90% of end digit zero in BP readings taken by healthcare workers (HCWs). This study examined the prevalence of EDP and patients’ and physicians’ characteristics influencing the occurrence of EDP. Methods A retrospective review was undertaken of BP readings of 114 patients seen over a two-month period at our hypertension specialty clinic. Results Nurses and physicians displayed a high frequency of preference for end digit zero in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings. The preference for end digit zero was, however, higher for nurses than for physicians (SBP: 98.5 vs 51.2%, p < 0.001; DBP: 98.5 vs 64.3%, p < 0.001). Among the physicians, the consultant staff displayed the least preference for end digit zero compared to resident doctors. There was no statistically significant difference in gender, age, weight, height and BMI of those with BP readings with end digit zero compared with those with non-zero end digits. Conclusion The high prevalence of EDP for zero argues for the training, retraining and certification of HCWs in BP measurement and the institution of a regular monitoring and feedback system on EDP in order to minimise this observer error.
Taibatsu: ‘corporal punishment’ in Japanese socio-cultural context

Abstract This article grounds perceptions and perspectives of taibatsu (‘corporal punishment’) in the Japanese socio-cultural context in order to better understand why and how it is used in schools and sports. By discussing how people define taibatsu and the various perspectives from which they decide their definitions, this article illustrates the importance of socio-cultural context in analyzing contemporary social practices. By laying out the various perspectives held about the meaning of taibatsu today in relation to other important Japanese concepts, e.g. bōryoku (violence), shidō (guidance), shitsuke (discipline), gyakutai (abuse), kibishii (strict), seishin (spirit), konjō (guts), this article also puts forward the argument that taibatsu is a multi-vocal symbol.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae in hamster tracheal organ culture studied by scanning electron microscopy

Hamster tracheal rings in organ culture were inoculated with a virulent strain of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and examined by scanning electron microscopy. A progressive increase in epithelial cell injury was detected from 48 to 96 h post-inoculation and was characterized by apparent loss of the apical portion of ciliated cells. M. pneumoniae attaching to the epithelial cell surfaces could be identified by comparison with the surface morphology of mycoplasmas grown on glass cover slips.
Pupillographic Sleepiness Test and Polysomnography in Nondemented Patients with Ischemic White Matter Lesions

Background. Patients with ischemic white matter lesions (WML) frequently report nonrestorative sleep or daytime sleepiness. However, subjective estimations of sleep and sleepiness can differ considerably from objective measures. The pupillographic sleepiness test (PST) could identify patients with sleep disorders requiring polysomnography (PSG) and further treatment. Methods. We performed a PST and a PSG of 35 nondemented patients with WML, who reported nonrestorative sleep or daytime sleepiness, and assessed the diagnostic value of the pupillary unrest index (PUI). Sleep parameters were compared to normative data. Results. The mean PUI of WML patients was normal (5.89 mm/min) and comparable to PUIs of patients with other neurological disorders. All 9 of the 35 WML patients (25.7%) who had a PUI above normal also had clinically relevant sleep disorders (5: sleep apnea, 7: periodic leg movements, and 4: insomnia). Six patients with a normal PUI had mild to moderate primary insomnia. Conclusion. PST and PSG parameters were physiological in most patients with WML. Age-related changes and affective and neuropsychological disorders might account for their sleep-related complaints. An elevated PUI in patients with WML seems to indicate comorbid sleep disorders that require further diagnostic evaluation and treatment (sleep apnea, insomnia with periodic leg movements, but not primary insomnia).
Does Self-Threat Promote Social Connection ? The Role of Self-Esteem and Contingencies of Self-Worth

Six studies examined the social motivations of people with high self-esteem (HSE) and low self-esteem (LSE) following a threat to a domain of contingent self-worth. Whether people desired social contact following self-threat depended on an interaction between an individual’s trait self-esteem and contingencies of self-worth. HSE participants who strongly based self-worth on appearance sought to connect with close others following a threat to their physical attractiveness. LSE participants who staked self-worth on appearance wanted to avoid social contact and, instead, preferred a less interpersonally risky way of coping with self-threat (wanting to enhance their physical attractiveness). Implications for theories of self-esteem, motivation, and interpersonal processes are discussed.
Antibodies Against the Genome-Linked Protein VPg of Cowpea Mosaic Virus Recognize a 60,000-Dalton Precursor Polypeptide

We have prepared a rabbit antiserum specifically directed against the genome-linked protein (VPg) of cowpea mosaic virus by injecting an hydrolysate of purified virion RNA. Using this antiserum as a probe in combination with “Western” (protein) blots of subcellular fractions of cowpea mosaic virus-infected cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cells, we have detected a bottom component RNA-encoded, 60,000-dalton polypeptide which is membrane bound and presumably represents the immediate precursor of VPg.
Following you: Disciplines of listening in social media

This paper develops the concept of listening as a metaphor for paying attention online. Pejorative terms such as ‘lurking’ have failed to capture much detail about the experience of presence online. Instead, much online media research has focused on ‘having a voice’, be it in blogs, wikis, social media, or discussion lists. The metaphor of listening can offer a productive way to analyse the forms of online engagement that have previously been overlooked, while also allowing a deeper consideration of the emerging disciplines of online attention. Social media are the focus of this paper, and in particular, how these platforms are changing the configurations of the ideal listening subject. Three modes of online listening are discussed: background listening, reciprocal listening, and delegated listening; Twitter provides a case study for how these modes are experienced and performed by individuals, politicians and corporations.
Mobile Social Network and Its Open Research Problems

Mobile social networking is social networking where one or more individuals of similar interests or commonalities, conversing and connecting with one another using the mobile phone. With the development and proliferation of smart phone devices and social network systems such as Facebook and MySpace, research on mobile social network gains huge attention from the academic community. The migration of social networks from web-based applications onto mobile platforms not only increases the connectivity of people, but also promotes the convenience of people’s life. We will review in this article the current most active research topics on mobile social network, along with their challenges. The finding in this study shows that current researches are in an immature period as researchers are trying to “study” the network more than actually derive new research artifacts.
Physical characteristics and incidence of injuries in adult figure skaters.

PURPOSE To examine relationships between physical characteristics and injuries in adult figure skaters. METHODS One hundred thirty adult figure skaters (113 women and 17 men, 43 +/- 9 and 55 +/- 10 y old, respectively) completed study questionnaires concerning health, height and weight, exercise habits, and injuries in the preceding year. RESULTS The men were older and taller and weighed more than the women (P < .05). Approximately 80% had normal body-mass index (BMI, weight [kg]/height [m]2), and the other 20% were overweight or obese based on BMI. Study participants had been skating for 12 +/- 10 y (range 1 to 68 y). Most skate 4 to 5 h/wk (competitive > recreational skaters, P < .05). Although approximately 50% of competitive skaters always warm up or stretch before skating, less than 30% of the recreational skaters always do so (P < .05). Seventy-two skaters (56%) reported at least 1 injury in the preceding year. Most of the injuries were acute injuries to the lower extremity and were related to skating (76%). There were no differences in the incidence of stretching or warm-up activities or the number of hours per week spent skating in those who had incurred a skating-related injury compared with those who had not been injured (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that adult skaters have training and exercise habits that might increase their risk of injury and impair athletic performance. This suggests the importance of educational programming for adult skaters designed to address injury prevention and basic exercise-training principles.
The effects of high‐fat diet on the renal structure and morphometric parametric of kidneys in rats

To characterize the kidney in a high‐fat‐induced obesity model, we examined the renal structure of adult Sprague–Dawley rats fed a control diet or a high‐fat diet for 3 months. Ten adult female Sprague–Dawley rats were fed a diet consisting highly of fat (30%) for a period of 3 months. Ten control rats were maintained with standard rat chow. All animals were weighed every 10 days for 3 months. At the end of the experiment, the naso‐anal length of the anaesthetized rats was measured to calculate body mass index, and subsequently whole kidneys of intracardially formalin‐perfused animals were removed. Quantitative features of the kidney were analysed with the Cavalieri and physical dissector methods applied to serial paraffin sections. Kidney samples were also examined histologically. The body mass indices of the control and treatment groups were 4.528 ± 0.242 and 5.876 ± 0.318 kg m−2, respectively. The difference between the body mass indices of the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01, Mann–Whitney U‐test), suggesting that the animals fed with a high‐fat diet may be overweight. Stereological examination of the kidneys revealed differences in kidney weight, total kidney volume, volume of cortex, medulla, glomeruli, proximal and distal tubules, and numerical density of glomeruli and glomerular height in the treatment group compared with the control group. Light microscopic investigation showed a dilatation in blood vessels and Bowman's space, mononuclear cell infiltration, degeneration in nephrons, including glomerulosclerosis and tubular defects, and an increase in the connective tissue in the kidneys in the treatment group. We concluded that a fatty diet is responsible for the rats’ obesity and may lead to renal deformities as a result of histopathological changes such as dilatation, tubular defects, inflammation and connective tissue enlargement of the kidney.
Introduction of the Intercultural Development Inventory to a Long-term Study of Student Journals in an Undergraduate Intercultural Communication Course

The reflective writing samples of students enrolled in an Intercultural Communication class at a faith-based Midwest U.S. college document the development of intercultural sensitivity during the instructor’s first-time use of the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI). The study compares reflections in IDIsupported classes without exposure to the instrument. Both groups wrote extensively on learning about self, cultural values, nonverbal and verbal communication, personal development, and reaction to learning. Students in the IDI-supported classes also reflected on stages of intercultural sensitivity, developmental nature of intercultural sensitivity, need for intercultural competence, similarities and differences between partners, and personal growth to come. The first-person accounts as students react to IDI placement and conversations with intercultural partners strengthen the paper. Student voices provide insight into intercultural encounters, the impact of the IDI, and information for instructors and international students, or persons who plan to work in the U.S. The study has pedagogical implications as well: (a) ability to see an IDI group measure of intercultural sensitivity, (b) fewer students on fringes academically, (c) need for class time and resources, and (d) greater sense of class as shared learning environment. Limitations of the study and implications for future research are discussed. Undergraduate courses in Intercultural Communication often include a focus on the development of intercultural sensitivity of students. It is not unusual for the course to include an assignment that requires conversations with a person from a different culture. It is unusual to be able to provide a strong framework that includes appropriate vocabulary, and an objective stance to discuss the development of intercultural sensitivity for this intercultural experience. The use of the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) provides a framework, an objective stance, and identifies new outcomes. The purpose of this grounded theory study of two undergraduate Intercultural Communication classes was to answer the question, “How helpful is the use of the IDI with respect to the development of intercultural sensitivity of students enrolled in an undergraduate Intercultural Communication class? ” The current research project grew out of a separate study of the use of reflective journal writing in an Intercultural Communication class (Barnes, 2009). In the literature review of the earlier study, multiple contexts were found to be appropriate for journal writing (Cozolino &
Intergenerational transmission of drinking motives and how they relate to young adults' alcohol use.

AIMS This study examined whether parental drinking motives are associated with young adults' drinking motives, and their association with young adults' drinking behaviors. METHODS The sample consisted of 290 18-year-old and 289 20-year-old drinking young adults and their parents. RESULTS For the younger group, stronger maternal coping motives were related to stronger social and enhancement motives, while stronger paternal coping motives were associated with stronger young adult coping motives. For the older group, stronger maternal coping motives were related to stronger social motives and stronger paternal enhancement motives were associated with stronger overall young adult drinking motives. For the younger group, both enhancement and conformity motives were predictive of their alcohol use. For the older group, only higher social motives were predictive of higher alcohol use. Both groups' higher coping and enhancement motives were associated with more drinking problems. CONCLUSIONS While, concerning content, there are some differences due to parent gender and adolescent age, stronger parental drinking motives are indeed associated with stronger adolescent drinking motives, which in turn are quite consistently related to more adolescent alcohol use and alcohol-related problems.
Decreased aEEG Continuity and Baseline Variability in the First 48 Hours of Life Associated With Poor Short-Term Outcome in Neonates Born Before 29 Weeks Gestation

Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) provides us with a method of assessing brain activity in critically ill neonates. In extremely premature neonates, the aEEG trace is predominantly discontinuous, making it difficult to distinguish between a “normal” and “abnormal” trace. We measured aEEG activity in the first 48 h of life in neonates born before 29-wk gestation and used both visual and quantitative analysis of the aEEG data to assess differences in neonates with poor short-term outcome [death or peri/intraventricular hemorrhage (P/IVH)] compared with those who survived without P/IVH to identify features of an abnormal aEEG. On quantitative analysis, EEG continuity <80% at 10-μV level was a sensitive and specific marker of poor short-term outcome. By using this marker, we identified 83% of neonates who died or developed grade 3 or 4 IVH and 60% of neonates who developed grades 1 or 2 IVH, with a positive predictive value for death or any IVH of 73% and a negative predictive value of 86%. Absence of sleep-wake cycling with baseline variability <2 μV was the strongest predictor of outcome using visual analysis alone.
Clock Genes in Cell Clocks: Roles, Actions, and Mysteries

Cellular events must be organized in the time dimension as well as in the space dimension for many proteins to perform their cellular functions effectively. The intracellular molecular oscillating loops that compose the cell’s circadian clock coordinate the timing of the expression of a variety of genes with basic or specific cellular functions. In mammals, the temporal pattern of clock gene expression generated in each SCN neuron is coupled to those of other cells and, amplified, spreads its signals through the brain and then, via feeding behavior, glucocorticoids, and sympathetic nerves, to peripheral organs. These peripheral organs have their own circadian clocks. In some tissues, such as liver, there is also a clock-regulating cell cycle, which interacts strongly with the components and temporal organization of the circadian clock. Some tissues, however, suchas testis, express clock genes whose function, if any, remains unclear. Furthermore, circadian clock function may be suspended in differentiating tissue. Thus, the prominence of circadian organization may not apply equally to all tissues under all conditions.
Resolving the Base of the Relativistic Jet in M87 at 6Rsch Resolution with Global mm-VLBI

M87 is one of the nearest radio galaxies with a central Super-Massive Black Hole (SMBH) and a prominent relativistic jet. Due to its close distance to the observer and the large SMBH mass, the source is one of the best laboratories to obtain strong observational constraints on the theoretical models for the formation and evolution of the AGN jets. In this article, we present preliminary results from our ongoing observational study about the innermost jet of M87 at an ultra-high resolution of ∼50 μ as achieved by the Global Millimeter-Very Long Baseline Interferometry Array (GMVA). The data obtained between 2004 and 2015 clearly show limb-brightened jets at extreme resolution and sensitivity. Our preliminary analysis reveals that the innermost jet expands in an edge-brightened cone structure (parabolic shape) but with the jet expansion profile slightly different from the outer regions of the jet. Brightness temperatures of the Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) core obtained from cm- to mm-wavelengths show a systematic evolution, which can be interpreted as the evolution as a function of distance from the BH. We also adopt an alternative imaging algorithm, Bi-Spectrum Maximum Entropy Method (BSMEM), to test reliable imaging at higher angular resolution than provided by the standard CLEAN method (i.e., super-resolution). A demonstration with a VLBA 7 mm example data set shows consistent results with a near-in-time 3 mm VLBI image. Application of the method to the 2009 GMVA data yields an image with remarkable fine-scale structures that have been never imaged before. We present a brief interpretation of the complexity in the structure.
Efficacy and Safety of Elective Conversion From Sotrastaurin (STN) to Tacrolimus (TAC) or Mycophenolate (MPS) in Stable Kidney Transplant Recipients

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety outcomes of conversion strategies in stable kidney transplant recipients after premature termination of the sotrastaurin (STN) development program. Methods: This is an exploratory and prospective study, including 38 stable renal transplant recipients. Tacrolimus (TAC) group [STN → mycophenolate sodium (MPS)] consisted of 9 patients receiving TAC, STN, and prednisone that were converted from STN to MPS. Everolimus (EVR) group (STN → TAC) consisted of 29 patients receiving EVR, STN, and prednisone that were converted from STN to TAC. Results: In TAC (STN → MPS) group, dose-adjusted TAC concentrations decreased from baseline to first week (2.3 ± 1.1 versus 1.5 ± 1.0 ng·mL−1·mg−1, P < 0.05). Two patients experienced a first acute rejection episode. Conversion to MPS was associated with a higher incidence of adverse events. In EVR (STN → TAC) group, dose-adjusted EVR concentrations decreased from baseline to first week (3.6 ± 2.3 ng·mL−1·mg−1 versus 1.9 ± 0.8 ng·mL−1·mg−1, P < 0.01). The proportion of patients with donor-specific antibodies was lower in TAC (STN → MPS) (11%) compared to EVR (STN → TAC) (31%) before conversion. Conversion from STN to TAC was associated with a reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (69.6 ± 16.9 versus 61.0 ± 18.8 mL·min−1·1.73 m−2, P < 0.01) and a decreased proportion of patients with donor-specific antibodies (31% versus 14%) at 12 months. Conclusions: Conversion from TAC/STN to TAC/MPS or from EVR/STN to TAC/EVR was associated with significant pharmacokinetic changes in both TAC and EVR whole-blood trough concentrations due to known drug-to-drug interaction, which were associated with changes in efficacy and safety.