Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Prism correction in heterophoria].

Unlike heterotropia (= manifest strabismus), heterophoria (= latent strabismus) is not a primarily existing condition but is a reaction to an interruption of the sensory-motor feedback control system. The reaction consists of a deviation from the orthovergence position. Binocular vision causes a continuous calibration of the vergence position. This "orthophorisation" explains that in most persons, heterophoria differs only slightly from zero. Nevertheless, a small heterophoria is common (70-80% of the population). The need to compensate for heterophoria by sensory-motor fusion can cause asthenopic complaints, such as headaches with prolonged reading. Since a variety of other defects can lead to similar symptoms, a causal relationship with heterophoria can be assumed only after a thorough differential diagnosis. Prism spectacles or eye muscle surgery for heterophoria should be recommended only after prism trials in free space, which include yoked prisms as a placebo control. Heterophoria should be distinguished from "Winkelfehlsichtigkeit", which is a deviation from orthoposition that results from the "measuring and correcting methodology after H. -J. Haase" (MKH) and is based on the idea that fixation disparity, a minute deviation from orthovergence position, indicates an inability to overcome a larger "vergence angle at rest". Objective recordings have, however, revealed that the subjective tests with stereo cues applied in the MKH can mislead to the assumption of a fixation disparity although both eyes are aligned exactly to the fixation point. A trial conducted in the Netherlands concerning the therapy of asthenopic complaints showed no statistically significant advantage of prism spectacles determined with the MKH over conventional spectacles.
Search for a pentaquark decaying to pK 0 S

We present a search for a pentaquark decaying strongly to pK0 S in γN collisions at a center-of-mass energy up to 25 GeV/c2. Finding no evidence for such a state in the mass range of 1470 MeV/c2 to 2200 MeV/c2, we set limits on the yield and on the cross section times branching ratio relative to Σ(1385) and K∗(892)+.
The Effect Of Mathematics Self-Efficacy Toward Mathematical Creative Thinking Ability Of SMA Students In Bengkulu City

Creative thinking in Mathematics is combination of logical thinking and divergent thinking, which take note of flexibility, fluency, originality and specification in problem-solving. One of factors that is influential when the students create is Self-Efficacy. The students with low self-efficacy will avoid the challenge tasks, while the students with high self-efficacy have a great desire to do their tasks. This research objective is to know the effect of Mathematics self-efficacy toward Mathematical creative thinking ability of SMA students in Bengkulu City by using regression analysis. The Data of self-efficacy was gotten from self-efficacy scale toward Mathematics. The Subject of the research is the 11th grade students in three State-Upper Secondary Schools (SMA) in Bengkulu City. The result of the research shows that there is significant effect between self-efficacy which were had by the students toward their creative thinking ability. Key Words: Self Efficacy, Mathematical Creative Thinking Ability
Paradox management delegation: inter and intra-individual variability

While paradox is increasingly presented in organisational literature as a normal, even advisable element, it is still seen as a problem by individuals who are confronted with it on a daily basis. Thus there is a clear gap between researchers' conclusions and real-life situations experienced by practitioners, or maybe a tension between two levels of analysis, organisational and individual levels. We have found that this tension has seldom been studied. In a nutshell, existing literature tends to be divided into two groups. Our research work therefore aims to study the positions of health sector professionals with respect to the paradox management that has been delegated to them, to analyse the extent to which this delegation might alter the pluralistic organisational management of paradoxes. To this end, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 14 of 16 new physician-managers working in a large teaching hospital where the reform was initiated. Our results show that individuals adopt four types of positions when faced with paradox : rejection, detachment, absorption, and transcendence.
Conversation, Information, and Herd Behavior

Experimental evidence shows that an important reason why people tend to imitate others, to exhibit "herd behavior" is that they assume that the others have information that justifies their actions. The information cascade models of Banerjee [1992] and Bikhchandani et al. [1992] are significant developments in showing some general equilibrium and welfare effects of such rational imitative behavior. But these models as specified may be of limited applicability since they assert that differences across groups in herd behavior can be attributed to the random decisions of first movers. Differences across groups in herd behavior might be explained more often in terms of different modes of interpersonal information transmission. Patterns of human conversation imply great selectivity to the kinds of information transmitted within groups.
Morphology and a proposed model of innervation of the human deltoid muscle: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND The deltoid muscle (DM) plays an essential role in retaining the stability and correct function of the upper limb. The aims of the study were to perform a detailed morphological analysis of the DM including its innervation, structure, attachments and relationship with adjacent structures. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was carried out on 17 formalin-fixed cadavericupper limbs. After dissection of the shoulders, the DM was visualised and analysed.The following measurements of the muscle were performed for all cases: width of attachments (acromial, clavicular, spinal), entire width of origin, length of the component parts (acromial, clavicular, and spinal) and length of the arm. RESULTS In all specimens, a characteristic 'segmented' innervation scheme of the DM was observed. The axillary nerve (AN) was always divided into an anterior branch (abAN) and a posterior branch (pbAN). Two variations of the DM innervation were distinguished: variation I, where the clavicular and the acromial parts were innervated by the abAN, while the spinal part was supplied both by abAN (anterior fibres) and by pbAN (posterior fibres), and variation II, in which the spinal part did not have double innervation - the abAN innervation area covered only the acromial and clavicular parts, and the entire spinal part was supplied by pbAN. Both variations had a segmented arrangement of sub-branches reaching individual parts of the DM, which was particularly distinct in the clavicular and acromial parts. Correlations were found between the entire width of the DM originand the length of the arm (p = 0.001), between the length of the acromial part of the DM and the length of the arm (p = 0.003), between the width of the spinal attachment and the length of the spinal part (p = 0.002), and between the width of the spinal attachment and the length of the arm (p = 0.0008). CONCLUSIONS The study confirmed the existence of a characteristic segmented innervation scheme of the DM which corresponds with the segmented morphology of its individual parts. An analysis of the internal structure of the muscle specific architectonics based on the tendon system was also presented.
Perforin Rapidly Induces Plasma Membrane Phospholipid Flip-Flop

The cytotoxic cell granule secretory pathway is essential for host defense. This pathway is fundamentally a form of intracellular protein delivery where granule proteases (granzymes) from cytotoxic lymphocytes are thought to diffuse through barrel stave pores generated in the plasma membrane of the target cell by the pore forming protein perforin (PFN) and mediate apoptotic as well as additional biological effects. While recent electron microscopy and structural analyses indicate that recombinant PFN oligomerizes to form pores containing 20 monomers (20 nm) when applied to liposomal membranes, these pores are not observed by propidium iodide uptake in target cells. Instead, concentrations of human PFN that encourage granzyme-mediated apoptosis are associated with pore structures that unexpectedly favor phosphatidylserine flip-flop measured by Annexin-V and Lactadherin. Efforts that reduce PFN mediated Ca influx in targets did not reduce Annexin-V reactivity. Antigen specific mouse CD8 cells initiate a similar rapid flip-flop in target cells. A lipid that augments plasma membrane curvature as well as cholesterol depletion in target cells enhance flip-flop. Annexin-V staining highly correlated with apoptosis after Granzyme B (GzmB) treatment. We propose the structures that PFN oligomers form in the membrane bilayer may include arcs previously observed by electron microscopy and that these unusual structures represent an incomplete mixture of plasma membrane lipid and PFN oligomers that may act as a flexible gateway for GzmB to translocate across the bilayer to the cytosolic leaflet of target cells.
Fault detection and prediction in an open-source software project

Software maintenance continues to be a time and resource intensive activity. Any efforts that help to address the maintenance bottleneck within the software lifecycle are welcome. One area where such efforts are useful is in the identification of the parts of the source-code of a software system that are most likely to contain faults and thus require changes. We have carried out an empirical study where we have merged information from the CVS repository and the Bugzilla database for an open-source software project to investigate whether or not parts of the source-code are faulty, the number and severity of faults and the number and types of changes associated with parts of the system. We present an analysis of this information, showing that Pareto's Law holds and we evaluate the usefulness of the Chidamber and Kemerer metrics for identifying the fault-prone classes in the system analysed.
MIDAS robust trend estimator for accurate GPS station velocities without step detection

Automatic estimation of velocities from GPS coordinate time series is becoming required to cope with the exponentially increasing flood of available data, but problems detectable to the human eye are often overlooked. This motivates us to find an automatic and accurate estimator of trend that is resistant to common problems such as step discontinuities, outliers, seasonality, skewness, and heteroscedasticity. Developed here, Median Interannual Difference Adjusted for Skewness (MIDAS) is a variant of the Theil‐Sen median trend estimator, for which the ordinary version is the median of slopes vij = (xj–xi)/(tj–ti) computed between all data pairs i > j. For normally distributed data, Theil‐Sen and least squares trend estimates are statistically identical, but unlike least squares, Theil‐Sen is resistant to undetected data problems. To mitigate both seasonality and step discontinuities, MIDAS selects data pairs separated by 1 year. This condition is relaxed for time series with gaps so that all data are used. Slopes from data pairs spanning a step function produce one‐sided outliers that can bias the median. To reduce bias, MIDAS removes outliers and recomputes the median. MIDAS also computes a robust and realistic estimate of trend uncertainty. Statistical tests using GPS data in the rigid North American plate interior show ±0.23 mm/yr root‐mean‐square (RMS) accuracy in horizontal velocity. In blind tests using synthetic data, MIDAS velocities have an RMS accuracy of ±0.33 mm/yr horizontal, ±1.1 mm/yr up, with a 5th percentile range smaller than all 20 automatic estimators tested. Considering its general nature, MIDAS has the potential for broader application in the geosciences.
Speed versus accuracy in cognitive assessment when using CSIs

When using cognitive screening instruments (CSIs) there is always a balance to be struck between test sensitivity and specificity, with the chosen test cut‐off being determined by the needs of the particular clinical situation. Dr Larner investigates whether there is a trade‐off between CSI diagnostic accuracy and administration time, or, in other words, whether shorter CSIs are less accurate than longer ones which may sample more cognitive domains and/or in greater depth.
Comment on "From Plant Traits to Plant Communities: A Statistical Mechanistic Approach to Biodiversity"

Shipley et al. (Reports, 3 November 2006, p. 812) developed a quantitative method for predicting the relative abundance of species from measured traits. We show that the method can have high explanatory power even when all trait and abundance data are randomly and independently generated, because of a mathematical dependence between the observations and predictions. We also suggest a potential solution to this problem.
High-dose RHAMM-R3 peptide vaccination for patients with acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome and multiple myeloma

Background Recently, we demonstrated immunological and clinical responses to a RHAMM-R3 peptide vaccine in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome and multiple myeloma. To improve the outcome of the vaccine, a second cohort was vaccinated with a higher dose of 1,000 μg peptide. Design and Methods Nine patients received four vaccinations subcutaneously at a biweekly interval. Immunomonitoring of cytotoxic CD8+ as well as regulatory CD4+ T cells was performed by flow cytometry as well as by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assays. Parameters of clinical response were assessed. Results In 4 of 9 patients (44%) we detected positive immunological responses. These patients showed an increase of CD8+RHAMM-R3_tetramer+/CD45RA+/CCR7−/CD27−/CD28− effector T cells and an increase of R3-specific CD8+ T cells. Two of these patients showed a significant decrease of regulatory T cells (Tregs). In one patient without response Tregs frequency increased from 5 to 16%. Three patients showed clinical effects: one patient with myelodysplastic syndrome RAEB-1 showed a reduction of leukemic blasts in the bone marrow, another myelodysplastic syndrome patient an improvement of peripheral blood counts and one patient with multiple myeloma a reduction of free light chains. Clinical and immunological reactions were lower in this cohort than in the 300 μg cohort. Conclusions High-dose RHAMM-R3 peptide vaccination induced immunological responses and positive clinical effects. Therefore, RHAMM constitutes a promising structure for further targeted immunotherapies in patients with different hematologic malignancies. However, higher doses of peptide did not improve the frequency and intensity of immune responses in this trial. (This study is registered at http://ISRCTN.org as ISRCTN32763606)
An Introduction to Cybercultures

Acknowledgments. 1. Cybercultures: an introduction 2. Storying cyberspace 1: material and symbolic stories 3. Storying cyberspace 2: experiential stories 4. Cultural studies in cyberspace 5. Community and cyberculture 6. Identities in cyberculture 7. Bodies in cyberculture 8. Cybersubcultures 9. Researching cybercultures 10. Last words FAQs: further reading FAQs: glossary Bibliography
Value of Conventional cervical cytology as a screening test for cervical cancer

This is a prospective study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. The main Objective of the study is to see the value of opportunistic screening program for cervical pre-cancerous lesion for prevention of cervical cancer. It also aims to see how many cases can be picked up by such screening test and is it worth doing this tset? We analysed 1751 cases of pap smear taken during almost 2 years period and found infl ammatory smear being the predominant fi nding and it was found in reproductive age group. We had 1.14% cases of abnormal smear and 0.74% cases were proved by biopsy.
Deferred decentralized movement pattern mining for geosensor networks

This article presents an algorithm for decentralized (in-network) data mining of the movement pattern flock among mobile geosensor nodes. The algorithm DDIG (Deferred Decentralized Information Grazing) allows roaming sensor nodes to ‘graze’ over time more information than they could access through their spatially limited perception range alone. The algorithm requires an intrinsic temporal deferral for pattern mining, as sensor nodes must be enabled to collect, memorize, exchange, and integrate their own and their neighbors' most current movement history before reasoning about patterns. A first set of experiments with trajectories of simulated agents showed that the algorithm accuracy increases with growing deferral. A second set of experiments with trajectories of actual tracked livestock reveals some of the shortcomings of the conceptual flocking model underlying DDIG in the context of a smart farming application. Finally, the experiments underline the general conclusion that decentralization in spatial computing can result in imperfect, yet useful knowledge.
A prospective cohort study of hamstring injuries in competitive sprinters: preseason muscle imbalance as a possible risk factor

Background: Hamstring injuries are common in sprinters. Identifying preseason risk factors is essential to target injury-prone athletes and develop injury preventive measures. Objective: To investigate the incidence of hamstring muscle injury in sprinters over an athletic season and to explore the preseason predictor of this injury. Design: Prospective cohort study. Participants: 44 sprinters from the Hong Kong Sports Institute, the Hong Kong Amateur Athletic Association and intercollegiate athletic teams were recruited. Methods: Preseason assessment of hamstring flexibility, concentric and eccentric isokinetic peak torque and peak torque angle were obtained at the beginning of an athletic season. The athletes were followed over 12 months and were asked to report all injuries resulting from training and competition. Results: Eight athletes sustained hamstring injuries over the season. The injury rate was 0.87 per 1000 h of exposure. The incidence of injuries was higher at the beginning of the season, with 58.3% injuries occurring in the first 100 h of exposure. Cox regression analysis revealed that athletes with a decrease in the hamstring : quadriceps peak torque ratio of less than 0.60 at an angular velocity of 180°/s have a 17-fold increased risk of hamstring injury. Conclusion: Performing preseason hamstring : quadriceps peak torque ratio assessments may be useful to identify sprinters susceptible to hamstring injury.
The Acquisition of Problem-Solving Skills Through the Instruction in Siegel and Spivack's Problem-Solving Therapy for the Chronic Schizophrenic

ABSTRACT Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an occupational therapy intervention based on Siegel and Spivack's Problem-Solving Therapy in improving interpersonal problem-solving skills for chronic schizophrenic patients. The effect of the acquisition of interpersonal problem-solving skills on raising self-esteem was also examined. Method: A quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest comparison group design was employed with a convenient sample of 18 participants in the Provincial Taoyuan Mental Hospital, Pali Branch of Taiwan. Interpersonal problem-solving skills and self-esteem were measured by: pre-in-tervention and post-intervention administrations of the Means-Ends Problem-Solving Procedure and the Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventories-Second Edition, respectively. Results: Compared with the comparison group, the treatment group showed statistically significant improvement in the scores on the Means-Ends Problem-Solving Procedure after treatment, but not on the.
Final height of girls with Turner's syndrome: correlation with karyotype and parental height

Final height of 75 adults with Turner's syndrome (45 Israeli, 30 Italian), never treated with GH, was examined to see if a relationship with karyotype patterns and parental height existed. Patients were divided into five groups according to their chromosome pattern, as follows: group A = 45,X karyotype (34 patients); group B = mosaicism (11 with karyotype 45,X/46,XX and 7 with karyotype 45,X/ 46,XY); group C = deletion of all or part of Xp (19 patients); subgroup CI = 6 with complete deletion of Xp; subgroup C2 = 9 with mosaicism 45,X/46,X,i(Xq); subgroup C3 = 4 with 45,X/46,X,ring(X); group D = deletion of Xq (4 patients); pure gonadal dysgenesis (PGD) group = 9 patients with pure 46,XX gonadal dysgenesis. No statistical difference was noted between the mean height of the two national populations studied (Italian 142.2 ±5.7 and Israeli 143.0 ±7.2 cm). The mean heights of group D (148.9 cm; range 147–166.2) and the PGD group (156.0 cm; 141–171.5) were found to be significantly higher than those observed in groups A, B and C (p <0.03, p < 0.02 and p <0.02, respectively), even though gonadal distinction existed in all five groups. Subgroup CI, where a deletion of the entire Xp segment [46,X,i(Xq)] was present, was found to be the shortest group (median height 134.5; range 131.9–138 cm). No fixed pattern of correlation between final height and parental height was found within any of the groups studied but if we consider the mean final height of all Turner patients studied, without division into groups, it correlates well, but only with mothers’height and not with fathers’height. These data provide further confirmation that short stature in Turner's syndrome is multifactorial and depends on the deletion of the distal portion of the short arm of chromosome X, on the lack of sex hormone secretion and, in part, on parental height.
Mortality Attributable to Hospital-Acquired Infections Among Surgical Patients

We performed a multicenter prospective matched cohort study to evaluate the mortality attributable to hospital-acquired infections among 12,791 patients admitted to surgical departments. We were able to match 731 patients with 1 or more hospital-acquired infections (ie, case patients) with 731 patients without a hospital-acquired infection (ie, control patients) at a 1 : 1 ratio. Of the 731 case patients, 42 (5.7%) died; of the 731 control patients, 23 (3.1%) died—a significant difference of 2.6%.