Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Social capital and mental health in low income urban communities in Santiago, Chile].

BACKGROUND Many studies suggest that social capital, defined as those intangible resources of a society or community (trust, participation and reciprocity), that might facilitate collective action, can be associated with positive health effects. AIM To explore the relationship between social capital an the level of mental health, in urban communities of Santiago, Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a qualitative-quantitative cross-sectional design, two low income neighborhoods in the municipality of Puente Alto were selected. Interviews to key agents and focus groups, as well as surveys (407) to adults from a representative random sample of households, were conducted, measuring social capital, using a locally devised questionnaire and mental health using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12 instrument). A qualitative analysis based on the grounded theory and a quantitative analysis through correlations and simple and logistic regression models were applied. RESULTS The quantitative analysis found an association between female gender, education and having a chronic disease, with low levels of mental health. At the same time, the trust component of social capital might be associated with a better mental health status. Qualitatively, all the components of social capital were identified as important for a better mental health. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests the existence of a positive relationship between social capital and mental health. Developing trust in a community might be a useful tool to work in mental health at the community level.
The influence of several factors on the rate of secondary compression of soil

This research program has been undertaken to study the influence of load increment ratio, temperature, and sample thickness on c~ ii (rate of secondary consolidation) for a high organic content and low organic content soil. Consolidation equipment was designed to produce constant temperatures both above and below ambient, and to accommodate both 3/4 and 1~ inch thick samples. Samples were molded into oedometer rings at the liquid limit. It was found that Ca was independent of the sample thickness and load increment ratio for both the high organic and low organic soils. The influence of temperature on Ca was found to be dependent upon the effective stress level. Temperature had a major effect on the magnitude of ~ at low effective loads but had little influence at higher effective stress levels.
Effect of Lung Mechanics on Mechanically Assisted Flows and Volumes

Sancho J, Servera E, Marín J, Vergara P, Belda FJ, Bach JR: Effect of lung mechanics on mechanically assisted flows and volumes. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2004;83:698–703. Objective:To correlate the air flows generated by mechanical insufflation-exsufflation as a function of pressure delivery in a lung model at two pulmonary compliance and three airway resistance settings. Design:With each combination of pulmonary compliances of 25 and 50 ml/cm H2O and airway resistances of 6, 11, and 17 cm H2O/liter/sec, ten cycles of mechanical insufflation-exsufflation were applied using pressure deliveries of 40 to −40, 50 to −50, 60 to −60, and 70 to −70 cm H2O. The resulting peak exsufflation flows and volumes were recorded. Results:In a multivariate analysis, the pulmonary compliance, airway resistance, and pressure delivery were all found to significantly affect exsufflation flows and volumes such that a decreased pulmonary compliance or an increased airway resistance produced a decrease in exsufflation flow and volume, whereas an increased pressure delivery produced greater exsufflation flow and volume. Conclusion:Although mechanical insufflation-exsufflation pressures of 40 to −40 cm H2O are generally adequate for most patients with normal lung compliance and airway resistance, higher settings are often required when compliance decreases, by obesity or scoliosis, and possibly when airway resistance is increased.
Extractive Multi-document Summarization Using Dynamical Measurements of Complex Networks

Due to the large amount of textual information available on Internet, it is of paramount relevance to use techniques that find relevant and concise content. A typical task devoted to the identification of informative sentences in documents is the so called extractive document summarization task. In this paper, we use complex network concepts to devise an extractive Multi Document Summarization (MDS) method, which extracts the most central sentences from several textual sources. In the proposed model, texts are represented as networks, where nodes represent sentences and the edges are established based on the number of shared words. Differently from previous works, the identification of relevant terms is guided by the characterization of nodes via dynamical measurements of complex networks, including symmetry, accessibility and absorption time. The evaluation of the proposed system revealed that excellent results were obtained with particular dynamical measurements, including those based on the exploration of networks via random walks.
A Controlled Experiment for Evaluating the Impact of Coupling on the Maintainability of Service-Oriented Software

One of the goals of Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) is to improve software maintainability as businesses become more agile, and thus underlying processes and rules change more frequently. This paper presents a controlled experiment examining the relationship between coupling in service-oriented designs, as measured using a recently proposed suite of SOC-specific coupling metrics and software maintainability in terms of the specific subcharacteristics of analyzability, changeability, and stability. The results indicate a statistically significant causal relationship between the investigated coupling metrics and the maintainability of service-oriented software. As such, the investigated metrics can facilitate coupling related design decisions with the aim of producing more maintainable service-oriented software products.
Evaluating algorithms for the Generation of Referring Expressions using a balanced corpus

Despite being the focus of intensive research, evaluation of algorithms that generate referring expressions is still in its infancy. We describe a corpus-based evaluation methodology, applied to a number of classic algorithms in this area. The methodology focuses on balance and semantic transparency to enable comparison of human and algorithmic output. Although the Incremental Algorithm emerges as the best match, we found that its dependency on manually-set parameters makes its performance difficult to predict.
A Framework for Secure Speech Recognition

In this paper, we present a process which enables privacy-preserving speech recognition transactions between two parties. We assume one party with private speech data and one party with private speech recognition models. Our goal is to enable these parties to perform a speech recognition task using their data, but without exposing their private information to each other. We will demonstrate how using secure multiparty computation principles we can construct a system where this transaction is possible, and how this system is computationally and securely correct. The protocols described herein can be used to construct a rudimentary speech recognition system and can easily be extended for arbitrary audio and speech processing
On the Theory of Specification, Implementation, and Parametrization of Abstract Data Types

In the framework of a category spec of equational speoficatlons of abstract data types, tmplementations are defined to be certain pairs of morphlsms with a common target Th~s concept covers, among others, arbitrary recurslon schemes for defining the derived operations It is shown that for given single steps of a multilevel tmplementatlon, there is always a multtlevel tmplementatlon composed of these steps, but there ts no effective construction of th~s overall implementauon Some suggestions are gtven for practtcal composition of tmplementat~ons Utdlzmg pushouts Parametric specifications and parameter assignments are defined to be spectal morphlsms in spec, and parameter substitution ~s made precise by means of pushouts Since actual parameters can agam be parametrtc, parameter subsututton can be tterated. Thts tterauon ts shown to be assoctatwe Whtle the subject is being treated on a syntactical level in terms of speclfieauons, the imtlal algebra approach ts adopted as providing an appropriate semantics for spec~ficauons, and the effects of the present concepts and results on the initial algebras are studied
One-year outcome following coronary angiography in elderly patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction: real-world data from the Acute Coronary Syndromes Israeli Survey (ACSIS)

ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the management and outcomes of patients of the octogenarian age group with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in a real-world setting. MethodsThe risk of 30-day and 1-year mortality by age and the time of coronary angiography [categorized as early (⩽48 h of admission) and late (>48 h of admission)] was assessed among 2021 NSTEMI patients enrolled in the Acute Coronary Syndrome Israeli Survey (ACSIS) between 2004 and 2008. ResultsElderly patients (≥80 years) comprised almost 20% of the study population, and experienced a significantly higher rate of in-hospital complications. The risk of 1-year mortality was 3.4-fold (P<0.001) higher among octogenarian patients compared with younger patients. Multivariate analysis showed that among patients aged at least 80 years, utilization of revascularization was associated with a lower risk of death at 1 year [hazard ratio (HR)=0.50, P=0.004], but not at 30 days, compared with no angiography. However, referral for early coronary angiography was associated with a lower risk of death both at 30 days and at 1 year (HR=0.4, P=0.04 and HR=0.38, P=0.02, respectively). ConclusionOur findings indicate that patients of the octogenarian age group comprise a high-risk subset of the NSTEMI population, in whom early referral for coronary angiography is independently associated with a lower risk of mortality at 30 days and 1 year.
Correction for “ An algorithm-based topographical biomaterials library to instruct cell fate

APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Correction for “An algorithm-based topographical biomaterials library to instruct cell fate,” by Hemant V. Unadkat, Marc Hulsman, Kamiel Cornelissen, Bernke J. Papenburg, Roman K. Truckenmüller, Anne E. Carpenter, Matthias Wessling, Gerhard F. Post, Marc Uetz, Marcel J. T. Reinders, Dimitrios Stamatialis, Clemens A. van Blitterswijk, and Jan de Boer, which appeared in issue 40, October 4, 2011, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (108: 16565–16570; first published September 26, 2011; 10.1073/pnas. 1109861108). The authors note that the following statement should be added to the Acknowledgments: “This work was supported in part by NIH Grant R01 GM089652 (A.E.C.). ”
Fenofibrate increases HDL-cholesterol by reducing cholesteryl ester transfer protein expression Published, JLR Papers in Press, May 24, 2007.

In addition to efficiently decreasing VLDL-triglycerides (TGs), fenofibrate increases HDL-cholesterol levels in humans. We investigated whether the fenofibrate-induced increase in HDL-cholesterol is dependent on the expression of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). To this end, APOE*3-Leiden (E3L) transgenic mice without and with the human CETP transgene, under the control of its natural regulatory flanking regions, were fed a Western-type diet with or without fenofibrate. Fenofibrate (0.04% in the diet) decreased plasma TG in E3L and E3L.CETP mice (−59% and −60%; P < 0.001), caused by a strong reduction in VLDL. Whereas fenofibrate did not affect HDL-cholesterol in E3L mice, fenofibrate dose-dependently increased HDL-cholesterol in E3L.CETP mice (up to +91%). Fenofibrate did not affect the turnover of HDL-cholesteryl ester (CE), indicating that fenofibrate causes a higher steady-state HDL-cholesterol level without altering the HDL-cholesterol flux through plasma. Analysis of the hepatic gene expression profile showed that fenofibrate did not differentially affect the main players in HDL metabolism in E3L.CETP mice compared with E3L mice. However, in E3L.CETP mice, fenofibrate reduced hepatic CETP mRNA (−72%; P < 0.01) as well as the CE transfer activity in plasma (−73%; P < 0.01). We conclude that fenofibrate increases HDL-cholesterol by reducing the CETP-dependent transfer of cholesterol from HDL to (V)LDL, as related to lower hepatic CETP expression and a reduced plasma (V)LDL pool.
Fully integrated CMOS frequency synthesizer for ZigBee applications

A single chip frequency synthesizer compliant with the ZigBee standard is designed in a standard 0.18/spl mu/ CMOS process. Integer N topology is chosen for the implementation. Synthesizer consists of third order passive loop filter; a CML based programmable frequency divider, a standard tristate PFD, a switch on source topology based charge pump and an on chip quadrature VCO. Simulated settling time is 300/spl mu/sec. Synthesizer consumes 22mW of power at supply voltage of 1.8 V and occupies an active area of mm/sup 2/.
Towards Music Structural Segmentation Across Genres: Features, Structural Hypotheses and Annotation Principles

This paper faces the problem of how different audio features and segmentation methods work with different music genres. A new annotated corpus of Chinese traditional Jingju music is presented. We incorporate this dataset with two existing music datasets from the literature in an integrated retrieval system to evaluate existing features, structural hypotheses and segmentation algorithms outside a Western bias. A harmonic-percussive source separation technique is introduced to the feature extraction process and brings signiﬁcant improvement to the segmentation. Results show that different features capture the structural patterns of different music genres in different ways. Novelty-or homogeneity-based segmentation algorithms and timbre features can surpass the investigated alternatives for the structure analysis of Jingju due to their lack of harmonic repetition patterns. Findings indicate that the design of audio features and segmentation paradigms and the associated signal processing techniques, the consideration of annotation principles and contextual information related to the music genre should be considered together in an effective segmentation system.
Toward an Integration of Deep Learning and Neuroscience

Neuroscience has focused on the detailed implementation of computation, studying neural codes, dynamics and circuits. In machine learning, however, artificial neural networks tend to eschew precisely designed codes, dynamics or circuits in favor of brute force optimization of a cost function, often using simple and relatively uniform initial architectures. Two recent developments have emerged within machine learning that create an opportunity to connect these seemingly divergent perspectives. First, structured architectures are used, including dedicated systems for attention, recursion and various forms of short- and long-term memory storage. Second, cost functions and training procedures have become more complex and are varied across layers and over time. Here we think about the brain in terms of these ideas. We hypothesize that (1) the brain optimizes cost functions, (2) the cost functions are diverse and differ across brain locations and over development, and (3) optimization operates within a pre-structured architecture matched to the computational problems posed by behavior. In support of these hypotheses, we argue that a range of implementations of credit assignment through multiple layers of neurons are compatible with our current knowledge of neural circuitry, and that the brain’s specialized systems can be interpreted as enabling efficient optimization for specific problem classes. Such a heterogeneously optimized system, enabled by a series of interacting cost functions, serves to make learning data-efficient and precisely targeted to the needs of the organism. We suggest directions by which neuroscience could seek to refine and test these hypotheses.
Clinical optical coherence tomography of early articular cartilage degeneration in patients with degenerative meniscal tears.

OBJECTIVE Quantitative and nondestructive methods for clinical diagnosis and staging of articular cartilage degeneration are important to the evaluation of potential disease-modifying treatments in osteoarthritis (OA). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a novel imaging technology that can generate microscopic-resolution cross-sectional images of articular cartilage in near real-time. This study tested the hypotheses that OCT can be used clinically to identify early cartilage degeneration and that OCT findings correlate with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 values and arthroscopy results. METHODS Patients undergoing arthroscopy for degenerative meniscal tears were recruited under Institutional Review Board-approved protocols. Thirty consecutive subjects completing preoperative 3.0T MRI, arthroscopy, and intraoperative OCT comprised the study group. Qualitative and quantitative OCT results and MRI T2 values were compared with modified Outerbridge cartilage degeneration scores (0-4 scale) assigned at arthroscopy. RESULTS Arthroscopic grades showed cartilage abnormality in 23 of the 30 patients. OCT grades were abnormal in 28 of the 30 patients. Both qualitative and quantitative OCT strongly correlated with the arthroscopy results (P = 0.004 and P = 0.0002, respectively, by Kruskal-Wallis test). Neither the superficial nor the deep cartilage T2 values correlated with the arthroscopy results. The quantitative OCT results correlated with the T2 values in the superficial cartilage (Pearson's r = 0.39, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION These data show that OCT can be used clinically to provide qualitative and quantitative assessments of early articular cartilage degeneration that strongly correlate with arthroscopy results. The correlation between the quantitative OCT values and T2 values for the superficial cartilage further supports the utility of OCT as a clinical research tool, providing quantifiable microscopic resolution data on the articular cartilage structure. New technologies for nondestructive quantitative assessment of human articular cartilage degeneration may facilitate the development of strategies to delay or prevent the onset of OA.
Tuning phone decoders for language identification

Phonotactic approach, phone recognition to be followed by language modeling, is one of the most popular approaches to language identification (LID). In this work, we explore how language identification accuracy of a phone decoder can be enhanced by varying acoustic resolution of the phone decoder, and subsequently how multiresolution versions of the same decoder can be integrated to improve the LID accuracy. We use mutual information to select the optimum set of phones for a specific acoustic resolution. Further, we propose strategies for building multilingual systems suitable for LID applications, and subsequently fine tune these systems to enhance the overall accuracy.
Using vector interfaces to deliver millions of IOPS from a networked key-value storage server

The performance of non-volatile memories (NVM) has grown by a factor of 100 during the last several years: Flash devices today are capable of over 1 million I/Os per second. Unfortunately, this incredible growth has put strain on software storage systems looking to extract their full potential. To address this increasing software-I/O gap, we propose using vector interfaces in high-performance networked systems. Vector interfaces organize requests and computation in a distributed system into collections of similar but independent units of work, thereby providing opportunities to amortize and eliminate the redundant work common in many high-performance systems. By integrating vector interfaces into storage and RPC components, we demonstrate that a single key-value storage server can provide 1.6 million requests per second with a median latency below one millisecond, over fourteen times greater than the same software absent the use of vector interfaces. We show that pervasively applying vector interfaces is necessary to achieve this potential and describe how to compose these interfaces together to ensure that vectors of work are propagated throughout a distributed system.
Robust digital image-in-image watermarking algorithm using the fast Hadamard transform

In this paper, a robust and efficient digital image watermarking algorithm using the fast Hadamard transform (FHT) is proposed for the copyright protection of digital images. This algorithm can embed or hide an entire image or pattern as a watermark such as a company's logo or trademark directly into the original image. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using Stirmark 3.1 that consists of 90 different types of image attacks. Results show that this algorithm is very robust and can survive most of the Stirmark attacks. These attacks were tested on a number of test images of size 512/spl times/512/spl times/8 bits, embedded with a watermark image of size 64/spl times/64/spl times/8 bits. The simplicity of the fast Hadamard transform also offers a significant advantage in shorter processing time and ease of hardware implementation than other orthogonal transforms, such as the discrete cosine transform and wavelet transform.
Skull Anatomic Landmarks for Retrosigmoid Craniotomy in a Chinese Cohort: a 3d-computed Tomography Study in Vivo Material and Methods

as a surgical landmark has been questioned (8). Recent advances in 3D-computed tomography (CT) volume rendering techniques have made it possible to visualize minute bone sutures and venous structures of the posterior fossa (3, 5, 6, 11). The purpose of this study is to determine the anatomic position of the asterion and the transverse-sigmoid sinus junction in Chinese population using the root of the zygoma and the tip of the mastoid process as palpable points. We also tried to clarify the relationship between the asterion and the inferior aspect of the transverse-sigmoid sinus junction using a 3D-CT procedure in vivo (8). The Zhejiang University ethics committee approval to fulfill the █ INTRODUCTION The correct location of an initial strategic burr hole for a retrosigmoid craniotomy to give access to the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) is paramount in obtaining optimal exposure in this region (12). As the transverse and sigmoid sinuses are the natural limits of these exposures, a knowledge about their cranial topography constitutes the main factor in the planning of these retrosi-gmoid approaches (10). The asterion serves as the junction of the lambdoid, parietomastoid and occipitomastoid sutures, and has been used in retrosigmoid craniotomy to locate the transverse-sigmoid sinus junction (2, 9, 12-14). As cadaveric studies have shown considerable variability in the relationship of the asterion to the underlying venous structures and its population-specific variability, its validity AIM: This study was designed to determine the anatomic position of the asterion and the relationship between the asterion and the transverse sigmoid sinus junction (TSSJ) in a Chinese cohort. MATERIAL and METHODS: Venous computed tomography (CT) angiography was performed in 32 patients to simultaneously obtain 3D-CT volume rendering images of the cranial bone and the dural sinus. The relationship between the TSSJ and the asterion was analyzed. RESULTS: The distance from the asterion to root of zygoma (ROZ) was 54.6 ± 5.50 mm on the right side and 54.1 ± 5.42 mm on the left side. The asterion was 49.10 ± 3.56 mm above the tip of mastoid process (TOP) on the right side and 48.70 ± 2.23 mm on the left side. The asterion's position was at the junction of the transverse-sigmoid sinus complex in 44 cases, below it in 19 cases, and above it in one case. CONCLUSION: 3D-CT volume rendering imaging is capable of accurately and simultaneously visualizing the bony landmark and the dural sinus structure outline in vivo, …