Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The positive group affect spiral: a dynamic model of the emergence of positive affective similarity in work groups

This conceptual paper seeks to clarify the process of the emergence of positive collective affect. Specifically, it develops a dynamic model of the emergence of positive affective similarity in work groups. It is suggested that positive group affective similarity and within-group relationship quality are reciprocally interrelated in the form of a self-reinforcing spiral, which is driven by mechanisms of affective sharing and affective similarity-attraction between group members. We label this spiraling relationship ‘Positive Group Affect Spiral. ' This spiral is proposed to continuously strengthen both the similarity of group members' positive affect and the quality of their interpersonal relationships in a dynamic process. Further, we embed the Positive Group Affect Spiral into a framework of contextual factors that may diminish or strengthen its functioning, considering the potential impacts of charismatic leadership, individuals' or subgroups' organizational cynicism, group and organizational emotion norms, and organizational identity.
A Theatre Acting Perspective on the Dramaturgical Metaphor and the Postmodern Self

Based on the premise that a psychology of theatre acting can teach psychologists about social acting, I evaluate Goffman’s influential dramaturgical metaphor and discuss what theatre acting reveals about conceptions of the self. Within Goffman’s model, differences between the quotidian and theatre worlds are accidental and daily life is like theatre actors’ life on stage. First, I assess how well this version of the drama-turgical metaphor accounts for both theatre acting and social interaction. The complexly layered, psychological aspects of theatre acting reveal the limitations of Goffman’s model. The second critical issue pertains to the implications of a psychology of theatre acting for conceptions of the self. The flexible, relational nature of theatre actors’ multiple ‘selves’ challenges psychologists’ literalist applications of dramaturgy to social actors as well as essentialist conceptions of a core self, while complementing postmodern notions of relational selves.
W(h)ither the Deaf Community? Population, Genetics, and the Future of Australian Sign Language

According to enrollments in schools for the deaf and data from the national census and neonatal hearing screening programs, the incidence of severe and profound childhood deafness in Australia is, and has been, less than commonly assumed. Factors implicated include improved medical care, mainstreaming, cochlear implants, and genetic science. Data for the United States, Britain, and other developed countries seem consistent with those for Australia. Declining prevalence and incidence rates have immediate implications for sign- based education, teacher-of-the-deaf training programs, and educational interpreting. There are also serious consequences for research, documentation, and teaching regarding Australian Sign Language (Auslan), and for the future viability of Auslan. Prompt action is essential if a credible corpus of Auslan is to be collected as the basis for a valid and verifiable description of one of the few native sign languages in the world with significant attested historical depth.
Scanning and Contact Microradiographic Study of the Effect of Degree of Saturation on the Rate of Enamel Demineralization

The effect of degree of saturation with respect to hydroxyapatite (DSHA) on enamel section demineralization was studied by contact and scanning microradiography (CMR and SMR). Two aspects were studied: (1) the effect of different values of DSHA at constant pH, and (2) the effect of constant DSHA with variable pH. In the pH range (2.5 - 4.5) and time scale (0-120 h) studied, the DSHA was more important in determining the rate of enamel lesion progression than was the pH.
Constructing Masculinity through Penetration Discourse: The Intersection of Misogyny and Homophobia in High School Wrestling

Drawing from ethnographic data, this article analyzes how the ‘‘fag’’ identity and the epithet ‘‘pussy’’ relate to high school wrestlers’ constructions of masculinity. Empirically, this research illuminates two dynamics: (1) how wrestlers achieve normative masculinity by symbolically framing sexual relations as acts of domination and (2) the way in which wrestlers’ use of ‘‘pussy’’ parallels how other adolescents typically deploy the epithet ‘‘fag. ’’ The article introduces the concept of ‘‘penetration discourse’’ to highlight how these linguistic and corporeal aspects of wrestlers’ masculinity interconnect with misogyny and homophobia.
Collective Action as the Material Expression of Opinion‐Based Group Membership

In this article, we argue that progress in the study of collective action rests on an increasingly sophisticated application of the social identity approach. We develop the view, however, that the application of this theoretical perspective has been limited by theoretical and empirical difficulties in distinguishing between social categories and psychological groups. These problems have undermined the ability of researchers to correctly specify the collective identities that actually underpin many instances of collective action. As a partial solution to this problem we focus on collective identities based on shared opinion (opinion-based groups). We develop the proposition that much collective action reflects the crystallization or instantiation of opinion-based groups. We also outline an intervention aimed at stimulating commitment to collective action through group-based interaction involving opinion-based group members. We conclude by emphasizing that opinion-based groups tend to be most successful when they present themselves as being representative or aligned with dominant, positively valued social categories such as nations.
Odours as affective-processing context for word evaluation: A case of cross-modal affective priming.

In a recent series of priming studies (e.g. Hermans, De Houwer, & Eelen, 1994), it has been demonstrated that response latencies to affectively valenced target stimuli are mediated by the affective relation between the valence of the target and the valence of the priming stimulus that immediately precedes the target. If prime and target share the same valence (e.g. positive-positive), response latencies are facilitated as compared to trials for which prime and target are of opposite valence (e.g. negative-positive). This line of research provides strong support for the assumption that humans continuously evaluate external stimuli in an automatic fashion, which is one of the central premises in a number of recent cognitive-representational models of emotion. Whereas in previous affective priming studies only visual stimuli (words, simple line drawings, pictures) have been used as primes and targets, in the present experiment, positive and negative odours were used as primes, and words as targets. Results s.
Impact of a pharmacist‐driven methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus surveillance protocol

Purpose. Results of a study to evaluate the impact of a pharmacist‐driven methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) surveillance screening protocol are reported. Methods. A retrospective single‐center, quasi‐experimental, pre‐post cohort study was conducted to assess medication‐use and clinical outcomes before and after implementation of a protocol allowing pharmacists to order nasal swabs and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for MRSA in selected patients receiving vancomycin for pneumonia or acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Negative assay results were used to guide de‐escalation of vancomycin therapy. The primary outcome was vancomycin days of therapy (DOT). Secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay, the rate of vancomycin‐associated acute kidney injury, and in‐hospital mortality. Results. A total of 300 patients were identified for inclusion in the preprotocol group (n = 150) or postprotocol group (n = 150) through medical records review. Compared with patients in the preprotocol group, those in the postprotocol group had a median 2.1‐day reduction in vancomycin DOT (2.1 days versus 4.2 days, p < 0.0001). Protocol implementation was also associated with a decrease in the median number of vancomycin serum levels obtained per patient but did not have a significant impact on other secondary outcomes. Conclusion. Among patients with suspected or confirmed pneumonia or an AECOPD, the expansion of pharmacists’ traditional scope of practice to include a surveillance protocol using a MRSA PCR nares assay to guide vancomycin de‐escalation resulted in a reduction in vancomycin utilization without compromising clinical outcomes.
A probability–time&space trade-off model in environmental risk perception

This paper addresses the issue of environmental risk perception in a multidimensional framework involving perceived risks in both time and space. A representation of the probability–time&space trade-off (PTST) is obtained in which the probability–time trade-off (PTT) and the probability–space trade-off (PST) are combined. The PST is analogous to the PTT, due to the fact that the probabilistic distance, the temporal distance, and the spatial distance are psychologically equivalent. PTST provides a formal model to accommodate the intuition of the temporal and spatial distances being a source of uncertainty in the process of environmental risk perception and provides an explicit formula to transform objective distances into a subjective probability. Finally, we present an experiment in a between-subjects design in which we manipulate the temporal and spatial distances of a water pollution risk in the questionnaires. The subjects are asked to give their probability judgments toward the spatial-temporal events and they typically believe that they are less likely to suffer health problems when the temporal and spatial distances of pollutants extend longer. The results verify the validation of the proposed PTST model.
Multimarket Contact and Resource Dissimilarity: A Competitive Dynamics Perspective

Does the competitive dynamics perspective support the mutual forbearance (Edwards, 1955) and resource dissimilarity (Caves & Porter, 1977) theories of competitive behavior? This research examines competitive behavior in the U.S. software industry and finds: (1) as multimarket contact increases, a firm moves less frequently but more quickly following the moves of rivals; (2) as a firm’s resources are more dissimilar relative to rivals, it becomes more rivalrous along both action and timing dimensions of competitive behavior; and, (3) the influence of multimarket contact on firm-level action is most influential for firms whose resources are more dissimilar relative to rivals, but its influence on a firm’s time to move is most influential for firms whose resources are more similar relative to rivals. Thus, the dynamic perspective generally supports, but goes beyond, the insights of the established mutual forbearance and resource dissimilarity theories.
A Mass Spectrometry-based Proteomic Approach for Identification of Serine/Threonine-phosphorylated Proteins by Enrichment with Phospho-specific Antibodies

Although proteins phosphorylated on tyrosine residues can be enriched by immunoprecipitation with anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies, it has been difficult to identify proteins that are phosphorylated on serine/threonine residues because of lack of immunoprecipitating antibodies. In this report, we describe several antibodies that recognize phosphoserine/phosphothreonine-containing proteins by Western blotting. Importantly, these antibodies can be used to enrich for proteins phosphorylated on serine/threonine residues by immunoprecipitation, as well. Using these antibodies, we have immunoprecipitated proteins from untreated cells or those treated with calyculin A, a serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor. Mass spectrometry-based analysis of bands from one-dimensional gels that were specifically observed in calyculin A-treated samples resulted in identification of several known serine/threonine-phosphorylated proteins including drebrin 1, α-actinin 4, and filamin-1. We also identified a protein, poly(A)-binding protein 2, which was previously not known to be phosphorylated, in addition to a novel protein without any obvious domains that we designate as Frigg. Frigg is widely expressed and was demonstrated to be a protein kinase A substrate in vitro. We identified several in vivo phosphorylation sites by tandem mass spectrometry using Frigg protein immunoprecipitated from cells. Our method should be applicable as a generic strategy for enrichment and identification of serine/threonine-phosphorylated substrates in signal transduction pathways.
Does learning Spanish grammatical gender change English-speaking adults' categorization of inanimate objects?*

Second language acquisition studies can contribute to the body of research on the influence of language on thought by examining cognitive change as a result of second language learning. We conducted a longitudinal study that examined how the acquisition of Spanish grammatical gender influences categorization in native English-speaking adults. We asked whether learning the grammatical gender of Spanish affects adult native English speakers' attribution of gender to inanimate objects. College students enrolled in beginning Spanish participated in two tasks repeatedly (four times) throughout one academic year. One task examined their acquisition of grammatical gender. The other examined their categorization of inanimate objects. We began to observe changes in participants' grammatical gender acquisition and in categorization after ten weeks of Spanish instruction. Results indicate that learning a second language as an adult can change the way one categorizes objects. However, the effect of Spanish grammatical gender was more limited in Spanish learners than in native Spanish speakers; it was not observed for all kinds of objects nor did it increase with learners' proficiency, suggesting that adults learning Spanish reach a plateau beyond which changes in categorization do not occur.
Antigen-Dependent Internalization Is Related to Rapid Elimination from Plasma of Humanized Anti-HM1.24 Monoclonal Antibody

Anti-HM1.24 monoclonal antibody (AHM) is a humanized anti-HM1.24 monoclonal antibody that binds to the HM1.24 antigen, a protein that is highly expressed in multiple myeloma cells. The pharmacokinetics of AHM was determined in experiments in which AHM was administered intravenously to cynomolgus monkeys. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve increased by more than the dose ratio between 2 and 20 mg/kg, and nonlinear pharmacokinetics was observed. The elimination half-life of AHM from the plasma was 7.56 h at 2 mg/kg and 28.6 h at 20 mg/kg, which was shorter than that observed for other therapeutic humanized monoclonal antibodies, such as trastuzumab and bevacizumab. Although antibodies to AHM were detected in all monkeys on or after 10 days of administration, there was a temporal disassociation between the rapid elimination of AHM and the appearance of anti-AHM antibodies. HM1.24 antigen-dependent internalization and intracellular metabolism of AHM were investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear, KPMM2, and U937 cells. In all cases, AHM was rapidly internalized from the cell surface; this internalization was significantly prevented by phenylarsine oxide in KPMM2 cells, an inhibitor of receptor-mediated endocytosis, and the internalized AHM was subsequently degraded within the cells. Furthermore, immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that the internalized AHM is delivered to and degraded in late endosomes/lysosomes. Taken together, our results suggest that the rapid elimination of AHM from plasma in monkey is due to HM1.24 antigen-dependent internalization followed by delivery to the lysosomes.
Influence of Linguistic Environment on Children's Language Development: Flemish Versus Dutch Children

Abstract In the present study, language development of Dutch children with a cochlear implant (CI) in a bilingual educational setting and Flemish children with a CI in a dominantly monolingual educational setting is compared. In addition, we compared the development of spoken language with the development of sign language in Dutch children. Eighteen children with a CI participated in the study: six Dutch children older than 18 months at implantation and 12 Flemish children, of whom seven were younger than 18 months at implantation and five were older than 18 months. Tests were administered on auditory perception, speech intelligibility, spoken language and sign language (Dutch children). Five assessments were made to monitor language development of the children: a pre-test before implantation and four post-tests at six, 12, 24 and 36 months after implantation. In general, Flemish children showed more progress in spoken language development than Dutch children. Moreover, earlier implanted Flemish children showed more progress than later implanted Flemish children. This applies to auditory perception, speech intelligibility and spoken language. Whereas spoken language of Dutch children improved in the course of time, the development of sign language in Dutch children did not show any progress. Despite possible alternative explanations, such as better residual aided hearing before implantation or more professional support, it is plausible that the differences are partly caused by the linguistic environment. The lack of progress in development of sign language might be explained by the decreasing use of sign language by parents after implantation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum Immunoglobulin E and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial

Epidemiologic studies have consistently found that self-reported allergies are associated with reduced risk of pancreatic cancer. Our aim was to prospectively assess the relationship between serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), a marker of allergy, and risk. This nested case–control study within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) included subjects enrolled in 1994 to 2001 and followed through 2010. There were 283 cases of pancreatic cancer and 544 controls matched on age, gender, race, and calendar date of blood draw. Using the ImmunoCAP system, we measured total IgE (normal, borderline, elevated), IgE to respiratory allergens, and IgE to food allergens (negative or positive) in serum collected at baseline. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. We assessed interactions with age, gender, smoking, body mass index, and time between randomization and case diagnosis. Overall, there was no association between the IgE measures and risk. We found a statistically significant interaction by baseline age: in those aged ≥65 years, elevated risks were observed for borderline total IgE (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 0.88–2.32) and elevated total IgE (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.16–3.37) and positive IgE to food allergens (OR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.29–6.20); among participants <65 years, ORs were <1. Other interactions were not statistically significant. The reduced risk of pancreatic cancer associated with self-reported allergies is not reflected in serum IgE. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(7); 1414–20. ©2014 AACR.
Conflict Resolution Styles, Marital Intimacy and Family Functions of Breast Cancer Patients and Their Spouses

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore conflict resolution styles, marital intimacy and family functions among breast cancer patients and their spouses. Methods: The subjects were total 126 participants. Breast cancer patients who completed chemotherapy and or radiation along with their spouses. Data were collected using questionnaires with questions about conflict resolution styles, marital intimacy and family functions. Results: There were no differences between breast cancer patients and their spouses in verbal aggression, avoidance of conflict resolution styles and family functions. As patients reported using positive conflict resolution styles the spouseperceived marital intimacy and family functions were higher. Those patients who perceived marital intimacy as lower they also reported more verbal aggression and avoidance. As breast cancer patients perceived family functions increasing, their spouses perception of both intimacy and family function increased. Conclusion: As these results, it should be considered as basic data to develop family intervention programs such as positive communication and effective stress management and improving of conflict resolution, intimacy and family functions among breast cancer patients and their spouses.
Is Health Politics Different

The aging of the global population, combined with changes in technology and cultural understandings of disease and the body, have thrust discussion and contestation over health into the center of local, national, and global politics. Is the politics of health different from the politics of other policy domains? On a number of dimensions, I conclude that it is. Voters and politicians in the developed world appear more likely to accept redistributive claims with respect to health than they are in other policy areas. Nations vary less widely in spending on health than on other functions of government and policy. Moral claims made about health are more likely to attach to its politics than are moral claims about the environment, labor, finance, and energy. More than these other realms, health politics encompasses issues regarding identity, the human body, and other personal matters that endow the health arena with greater significance. Bureaucratic agencies of state are more involved in the provision and regu.
Role of efficacy expectations in predicting the decision to use advanced technologies: The case of computers.

La complexite des innovations a longtemps ete reconnue comme un facteur affectant leur taux d'adoption. On a etudie la relation entre le sentiment de l'efficacite des ordinateurs et la propension des gens a les utiliser. La croyance en l'efficacite des ordinateurs exerce une influence sur la decision de les utiliser, independemment des croyances concernant la valeur instrumentale de l'ordinateur dans tel ou tel cas specifique
Perceptions of Organizational Downsizing

This paper uses cognitive dissonance theory as a foundation for developing hypotheses about how past experience as a layoff agent influences respondents' perceptions of organizational downsizing. Consistent with many theoretical frameworks in organization studies, cognitive dissonance is conceptualized as an unmeasured construct that mediates between layoff agency and perceptions of organizational downsizing. Perceptions of organizational downsizing are operationalized along four different dimensions. The hypotheses about the effects of layoff agency on perceptions of organizational downsizing are tested with survey data, using controls for the respondent's past experience as a layoff victim and the respondent's ideological beliefs about business. The results show partial support for the hypotheses, indicating that layoff agents see downsizing as more inevitable and less of a breach of the implied contract between employer and employee than respondents without layoff agency experience. The results also reveal persistent effects of respondents' layoff victim experience and their ideological beliefs on their perceptions of downsizing.