Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sleep Duration and Chronic Fatigue Are Differently Associated with the Dietary Profile of Shift Workers

Shift work has been associated with dietary changes. This study examined factors associated with the dietary profiles of shift workers from several industries (n = 118, 57 male; age = 43.4 ± 9.9 years) employed on permanent mornings, nights, or rotating 8-h or 12-h shifts. The dietary profile was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Shift-related (e.g., sleep duration and fatigue), work-related (e.g., industry), and demographic factors (e.g., BMI) were measured using a modified version of the Standard Shift work Index. Mean daily energy intake was 8628 ± 3161 kJ. As a percentage of daily energy intake, all workers reported lower than recommended levels of carbohydrate (CHO, 45%–65%). Protein was within recommended levels (15%–25%). Permanent night workers were the only group to report higher than recommended fat intake (20%–35%). However, all workers reported higher than recommended levels of saturated fat (>10%) with those on permanent nights reporting significantly higher levels than other groups (Mean = 15.5% ± 3.1%, p < 0.05). Shorter sleep durations and decreased fatigue were associated with higher CHO intake (p ≤ 0.05) whereas increased fatigue and longer sleep durations were associated with higher intake of fat (p ≤ 0.05). Findings demonstrate sleep duration, fatigue, and shift schedule are associated with the dietary profile of shift workers.
EVALUATION OF EFFECT OF UPSTREAM DAM FACE SLOPE IN DISPLACEMENT RESPONSE OF THE PINE FLAT DAM CREST POINT UNDER HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL COMPONENT OF TAFT 1952 EARTHQUAKE

Because of the reservoir effect, dynamic analysis of concrete dams is more involved than other common structures. This problem is mostly sourced by the differences between reservoir water, dam body and foundation material behaviors. To account for the reservoir effect in dynamic analysis of concrete gravity dams, two methods are generally employed. Eulerian method in reservoir modeling gives rise to a set of coupled equations, whereas in Lagrangian method, the same equations for dam and foundation structure are used. The Purpose of this paper is to evaluate and study possible advantages and disadvantages of both methods. Specifically, application of the above methods in the analysis of dam-foundationreservoir systems is leveraged to calculate the hydrodynamic pressure on dam faces. Within the frame work of damfoundationreservoir systems, dam displacement under earthquake for various dimensions and characteristics are also studied. The results of both Lagrangian and Eulerian methods in effects of loading frequency, boundary condition and foundation elasticity modulus are quantitatively evaluated and compared. Our analyses show that each method has individual advantages and disadvantages. As such, in any particular case, one of the two methods may prove more suitable as presented in the results section of this study. Keywords—Lagrangian methodEulerian methodEarthquakeConcrete gravity dam.
Stress Induced Hyperglycemia and the Subsequent Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Survivors of Critical Illness

Objective Stress induced hyperglycemia occurs in critically ill patients who have normal glucose tolerance following resolution of their acute illness. The objective was to evaluate the association between stress induced hyperglycemia and incident diabetes in survivors of critical illness. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting All adult patients surviving admission to a public hospital intensive care unit (ICU) in South Australia between 2004 and 2011. Patients Stress induced hyperglycemia was defined as a blood glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) within 24 hours of ICU admission. Prevalent diabetes was identified through ICD-10 coding or prior registration with the Australian National Diabetes Service Scheme (NDSS). Incident diabetes was identified as NDSS registration beyond 30 days after hospital discharge until July 2015. The predicted risk of developing diabetes was described as sub-hazard ratios using competing risk regression. Survival was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Main Results Stress induced hyperglycemia was identified in 2,883 (17%) of 17,074 patients without diabetes. The incidence of type 2 diabetes following critical illness was 4.8% (821 of 17,074). The risk of diabetes in patients with stress induced hyperglycemia was approximately double that of those without (HR 1.91 (95% CI 1.62, 2.26), p<0.001) and was sustained regardless of age or severity of illness. Conclusions Stress induced hyperglycemia identifies patients at subsequent risk of incident diabetes.
Motion of the dayside polar cap boundary during substorm cycles: I. Observations of pulses in the magnetopause reconnection rate

Using data from the EISCAT (European Incoher- ent Scatter) VHF radar and DMSP (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program) spacecraft passes, we study the motion of the dayside open-closed field line boundary during two sub- storm cycles. The satellite data show that the motions of ion and electron temperature boundaries in EISCAT data, as re- ported by Moen et al. (2004), are not localised around the radar; rather, they reflect motions of the open-closed field line boundary at all MLT throughout the dayside auroral ionosphere. The boundary is shown to erode equatorward when the IMF points southward, consistent with the effect of magnetopause reconnection. During the substorm expan- sion and recovery phases, the dayside boundary returns pole- ward, whether the IMF points northward or southward. How- ever, the poleward retreat was much faster during the sub- storm for which the IMF had returned to northward than for the substorm for which the IMF remained southward - even though the former substorm is much the weaker of the two. These poleward retreats are consistent with the destruction of open flux at the tail current sheet. Application of a new analysis of the peak ion energies at the equatorward edge of the cleft/cusp/mantle dispersion seen by the DMSP satellites identifies the dayside reconnection merging gap to extend in MLT from about 9.5 to 15.5 h for most of the interval. Anal- ysis of the boundary motion, and of the convection veloci- ties seen near the boundary by EISCAT, allows calculation of the reconnection rate (mapped down to the ionosphere) from the flow component normal to the boundary in its own rest frame. This reconnection rate is not, in general, signif- icantly different from zero before 06:45 UT (MLT<9.5 h) - indicating that the X line footprint expands over the EISCAT field-of-view to earlier MLT only occasionally and briefly. Between 06:45 UT and 12:45UT (9.5<MLT<15.5 h) recon- nection is continuously observed by EISCAT, confirming the (large) MLT extent of the reconnection footprint deduced from the DMSP passes. As well as direct control by the IMF on longer timescales, the derived reconnection rate variation shows considerable pulsing on timescales of 2-20 min during periods of steady southward IMF.
Distributions of Virus-Like Particles and Prokaryotes within Microenvironments

Microbial interactions are important for ecosystem function, but occur at the microscale and so are difficult to observe. Previous studies in marine systems have shown significant shifts in microbial community abundance and composition over scales of micrometres to centimetres. This study investigates the microscale abundance distributions of virus-like particles (VLPs) and prokaryotes in the lower reaches of a river to determine the extent to which microscale microbial patchiness exists in freshwater systems. Here we report local hotspots surrounded by gradients that reach a maximum 80 and 107 fold change in abundance over 0.9 cm for prokaryotic and VLP subpopulations. Changes in prokaryotic and VLP hotspots were tightly coupled. There were no gradients at tens of centimetres across the boundary layers, which is consistent with strong mixing and turbulence-driven aggregation found in river systems. Quantification of the patchiness shows a marked asymmetry with patches 10 times greater than background common, but depletions being rare or absent in most samples. This consistent asymmetry suggests that coldspots depleted by grazing and lysis are rapidly mixed to background concentrations, while the prevalence of hotspots indicates persistence against disruption. The hotspot to coldspot relative abundance may be useful for understanding microbial river dynamics. The patchiness indicates that the mean- field approach of bulk phase sampling misses the microbially relevant community variation and may underestimate the concentrations of these important microbial groups.
Religionization from the Bottom up: Religiosity Trends and Institutional Change Mechanisms in Israeli Public Services

Abstract This study asks how religious change at the social level (as expressed in increased religiosity) influences the religious behavior of public organizations. The study's empirical foundation is three Israeli case studies that focus on the impact of growing religiosity in Israeli Jewish society on three large public institutions: the military, healthcare, and schools. Based on comparative analysis of the three case studies, it is shown that variation in the extent of religionization in public organizations is influenced primarily by the religious composition of workers and consumers of a specific public organization. The influence of political pressure from above, however, is marginal. In addition, this study demonstrates how organizational religionization is differentially mediated by institutional mechanisms/structures: institutional layering or conversion.
Voluntary or Mandatory Training Participation as a Moderator in the Relationship between Goal Orientations and Transfer of Training

Trainees can participate in organizational training programs voluntarily or mandatorily. To date, research has reported mixed evidence on the question whether voluntary or mandatory participation is associated with higher motivation and transfer of training. Grounded in the frameworks of participatory design, the notion of autonomy in basic psychological needs theory, and the 2 × 2 model of achievement goals, this meta‐analysis examined the relationship between goal orientations and transfer of training in contexts of voluntary and mandatory training participation with a sample of N = 4729 trainees in k = 29 studies. Goal orientations were conceptualized in four dimensions: mastery‐approach, mastery‐avoidance, performance‐approach, and performance‐avoidance. Results of the primary meta‐analysis indicated that mastery‐approach orientation had the most positive correlation with transfer of training, followed by performance‐approach, mastery‐avoidance and performance‐avoidance goal orientation. Meta‐analytic subgroup analysis examined the effects of two conditions for training participation: voluntary participation and mandatory participation. The findings indicated that training participation significantly moderated the correlation coefficients of mastery‐approach and performance‐avoidance goal orientation, with more positive estimates when training enrollment was voluntary. Contrary to expectations, the correlation coefficient between performance‐approach goal orientation and transfer of training was more positive when entry into training programs was obligatory and mandated. Implications for future research and the practice of training design and delivery are discussed.
Myocilin polymorphisms and high myopia in subjects of European origin

Purpose Three previous studies have tested for an association between high myopia and polymorphisms in the open angle glaucoma gene, myocilin (MYOC), all in subjects of Chinese ethnicity. In two of the studies, a significant association was found while in the third, there was no association. We sought to investigate the association between high myopia and polymorphisms in MYOC in subjects of European ethnicity. Methods Subjects were recruited from two sites, Cardiff University in the UK and Duke University in the United States. The Cardiff University cohort was comprised of 164 families with high myopia (604 subjects) plus 112 unrelated, highly myopic cases and 114 emmetropic controls. The Duke University cohort was comprised of 87 families with high myopia (362 subjects) plus 59 unrelated, highly myopic cases. Subject DNA was genotyped with a panel of MYOC single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) including those found previously associated with high myopia. The Cardiff cohort was also genotyped for two flanking microsatellite markers analyzed in prior studies. Association between high myopia and MYOC polymorphisms was assessed using the Unphased program. Results Since there was no evidence of heterogeneity in genotype frequencies between families and singleton samples or between cohorts, both subject groups (families and unrelated subjects) from both recruitment sites were analyzed jointly for those SNPs genotyped in common. Two variants showed significant association before correction for multiple testing. These two variants were rs16864720 (p=0.043) and NGA17 (p=0.026). However, there was no significant association after Bonferroni correction. The estimated relative risk (RR) conferred by each of the MYOC variants was low (RR<1.5). Conclusions Our results suggest that MYOC polymorphisms have a very low, or possibly negligible, influence on high myopia susceptibility in subjects of European ethnicity.
Prediction of high cycle fatigue in aluminum bond wires: A physics of failure approach combining experiments and multi-physics simulations

Aluminum wire bonds, as used in a ceramic air cavity package for LDMOS, will intrinsically be prone to mechanical fatigue due to temperature and power cycling causing the wires to expand and shrink in a cyclical way. Under certain pulsed application conditions, the required amount of current cycles the product must survive is so high that not just low cycle fatigue, caused by cyclic plastic deformation, but also high cycle fatigue becomes a concern. This paper describes how in-situ monitored power cycling experiments, using the Joule heating of the bond wires, were performed on dedicated test structures at different stress levels with wire loop shapes and test settings critical enough to find failures within reasonable test times. Wire bond settings were varied to create different amounts of initial damage as introduced by the plastic deformation of the heel and the wedge. Finite element method was employed to calculate the stress amplitude in the heel of the bond wire in the experiments as function of current, pulse time and loop shape. This required a multi-physics approach using coupled electro-thermal and sequentially coupled thermo-mechanical simulations. The amount of initial damage was also estimated, using 2D FE simulations, in order to quantitatively take into account the initial plastic strains. With the measured failure times (Nf) and calculated stress amplitude (S) the durability or S-N curves for different amounts of initial damage could be derived and fitted with the Basquin model. These fitted models were used to predict the expected lifetime for specified field conditions. Furthermore the models can be used to derive `design for reliability rules' for wire loop shapes that will survive a specified user profile
Comparison of Classification Methods for P300 Brain-Computer Interface on Disabled Subjects

We report on tests with a mind typing paradigm based on a P300 brain-computer interface (BCI) on a group of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke, and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients, suffering from motor and speech disabilities. We investigate the achieved typing accuracy given the individual patient's disorder, and how it correlates with the type of classifier used. We considered 7 types of classifiers, linear as well as nonlinear ones, and found that, overall, one type of linear classifier yielded a higher classification accuracy. In addition to the selection of the classifier, we also suggest and discuss a number of recommendations to be considered when building a P300-based typing system for disabled subjects.
Monitoring of serum prolactin in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis who are receiving domperidone.

BACKGROUND Since 2003, it has been routine practice at Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia to monitor serum levels of prolactin in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis who are receiving domperidone. Although a pharmacologic relationship between domperidone and prolactin has been documented in the literature, there is no information about routine monitoring of prolactin, and guidance on interpretation of prolactin values is lacking. OBJECTIVES To characterize how prolactin levels were being used in monitoring patients with cystic fibrosis who were receiving domperidone therapy at this institution, to evaluate the need for this practice, and to formulate recommendations accordingly. METHODS A chart review was conducted for pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis who had been receiving domperidone therapy and whose serum prolactin levels had been monitored between June 1, 2001, and October 1, 2005. RESULTS A total of 219 samples had been drawn, from 49 patients, for determination of prolactin level. Of these, 100 (45.7%) were above the normal range. Of the values above the normal range, 86 (86%) led to no dosage adjustment of domperidone and 14 (14%) led to either a decrease in dose or discontinuation of therapy. None of the elevated prolactin levels were associated with supratherapeutic doses of domperidone. CONCLUSION The role of routine monitoring of prolactin in this patient population requires further study. In particular, more information is needed about prolactin levels in pediatric patients and the relationship of prolactin level to domperidone dose.
TCP throughput analysis under transmission error and congestion losses

This paper analyzes the performance of a large population of long lived TCP flows experiencing random packet losses due to both random transmission errors and congestion created by the sharing of a common tail drop bottleneck router. We propose a natural and simple model for the joint throughput evolution of the set of TCP sessions under such a mix of losses. For the case of Poisson transmission errors, we show that the asymptotic model where the population tends to infinity leads to a well defined and tractable dynamical system. In particular, we get the mean value of the throughput of each session as a function of the transmission error rate and the synchronization rate in the bottleneck router. The large population asymptotic model has two interesting and non-intuitive properties: 1) there exists a positive threshold (given in closed form) on the transmission error rate above which there are no congestion losses at all in steady state; 2) below this threshold, the mean throughput of each flow is an increasing function of the transmission error rate, so that the maximum mean value is in fact achieved when the transmission error rate is equal to this threshold. The finite population model and models based on other classes of point processes are also studied. In particular, a sufficient condition is obtained for the existence of congestion times in the case of arbitrary transmission error point processes.
Evolution of a hot primordial gas in the presence of an ionizing ultraviolet background: instabilities, bifurcations, and the formation of Lyman limit systems

The time evolution of thermal and thermo-reactive instabilities of primordial gas in the presence of ionizing UV radiation is studied. We obtain conditions (depending on den- sity, temperature, and UV radiation intensity) favorable for the formation of a multi-component medium. Nonlinear effects, es- peciallythoseattributabletoopacity,canplayanimportantrole. In certain parameter regimes, dramatic, rapid evolution of ion- ization states away from ionization equilibrium may occur even ifsystemcontrolparametersevolveslowlyandthesystemstarts in or near ionization equilibrium. Mathematically, these rapid changes may best be understood as manifestations of bifurca- tionsinthesolutionsurfacecorrespondingtoionizationequilib- rium. The astrophysical signicance of these instabilities is that they constitute a nongravitational mechanism (thermo-reactive instability) for decoupling isolated spatial regions with moder- ate initial fluctuations from their surroundings, even under the influence of heating processes due to ionizing UV radiation. In particular, isolated, decoupled regions with relatively high neu- tral hydrogen density may result, and these could be associated withLymanalphacloudsofhighcolumndensityorwithLyman limit systems.
Engineering accessibility through corporate policies

Web sites of o–cial organizations should be accessible to reduce the digital divide and improve the ability of any citizen to participate to the social and political life of a country. However the current status of web sites is far from satisfying. Despite the existence of standards and regulations, many organizations still host web sites that are not accessible. To support this claim the paper presents a survey of some of the major accessibility defects present in web sites of o–cial governmental agencies (Italian regions, Austrian and German Bundesl˜ander). The paper discusses then the role of corporate accessibility policies (and associated concepts of accessibility levels, corporate guidelines, and implementation plan) and suggests that they could be used to bridge the gap between what is currently done and what should be done in order to improve the accessibility of web sites.
WordICA—emergence of linguistic representations for words by independent component analysis

Abstract We explore the use of independent component analysis (ICA) for the automatic extraction of linguistic roles or features of words. The extraction is based on the unsupervised analysis of text corpora. We contrast ICA with singular value decomposition (SVD), widely used in statistical text analysis, in general, and specifically in latent semantic analysis (LSA). However, the representations found using the SVD analysis cannot easily be interpreted by humans. In contrast, ICA applied on word context data gives distinct features which reflect linguistic categories. In this paper, we provide justification for our approach called WordICA, present the WordICA method in detail, compare the obtained results with traditional linguistic categories and with the results achieved using an SVD-based method, and discuss the use of the method in practical natural language engineering solutions such as machine translation systems. As the WordICA method is based on unsupervised learning and thus provides a general means for efficient knowledge acquisition, we foresee that the approach has a clear potential for practical applications.