Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Assessment of Kanungo's (1982) Concept and Measure of Job Involvement

L'utilite de la conceptualisation cognitive de Kanungo (1982) et de sa mesure a dix-items de l'implication dans le travail fut etudiee, avec un eichantillon stratifie de 157 travailleurs neo-zelandais. Des coefficients alpha de 0.81 et 0.83 et une correlation test-retest de 0.86 montrerent que l'echelle avait une fidelite raisonnable, bien que la faible performance de l'item isole suggere qu'il pourrait etre raye de l'echelle. Les correlations positives entre l'implication dans le travail et le nombre d'heures regulierement travaillees, la somme des heures supplementaires impayees et l'effort investi dans la profession, demontrerent la valeur du critere de la mesure et avancent le fait que le concept d'implication dans le travail pourrait etre utilise comme prevision possible des conduites liees a la performance. Les resultats montrant que la satisfaction au travail est liee positivement a l'equilibre personnel et associee negativement aux intentions de mobilite, indiquent qu'elle pourrait etre facteur de prediction de developpements positifs pour 1'organisation comme pour l'individu, tandis que le modele distinct des covariations entre l'implication dans le travail et la satisfaction au travail, met en vedette le besoin de faire la difference entre ces concepts et mesures. The usefulness of Kanungo's (1982) cognitive conceptualisation and 10-item measure of job involvement was investigated using a stratified sample of 157 New Zealand workers. Alpha coefficients of 0.81 and 0.83 and a test-retest correlation of 0.86 showed the scale to have reasonable reliability, although the poor performance of the detachment item suggests it should be deleted from the scale. Positive relationships between job involvement and the number of regular hours worked, amount of unpaid overtime and effort put into the job demonstrated the criterion validity of the measure and suggest that the concept of job involvement may be a potential predictor of performance-related behaviours. The finding that job satisfaction was positively related to well-being and negatively associated with turnover intentions indicates that it may predict positive outcomes for both the organisation and the individual, whereas the distinct pattern of covariates exhibited by job involvement and job satisfaction highlights the need to differentiate between these concepts and measures.
The science of continuing medical education: terms, tools, and gaps: effectiveness of continuing medical education: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Educational Guidelines.

BACKGROUND By its synthesis of a selected portion of the continuing medical education (CME) literature, the evidence-based practice center (EPC) review discovered several major issues in primary study design and in the systematic review process of CME studies. Through this process, the review speaks to the need for clarity in designing, reporting and synthesizing CME trials and provides an opportunity to advance the research agenda in this field. METHODS The evidence-based guideline (EBG) committee reviewed the methods section of the EPC report and these guidelines in detail, commenting on the search and review process and on the nature of the primary literature and the definitions used within it, comparing these to other published standardized measures. RESULTS Although the EBG committee noted much strength in the EPC review, limitations of the primary literature and the review methodology were identified and defined. These strengths and limitations hold implications for further research in this area. CONCLUSIONS Noting these limitations and in order to move the field forward, the EBG committee proposes a standard nomenclature of terms in common use in CME; a more rigorous process of searching, distilling, and synthesizing the primary literature in this area; and a common format on which to base the development and description of future trials of CME interventions.
"Doing" Science versus "Being" a Scientist: Examining 10/11-Year-Old Schoolchildren's Constructions of Science through the Lens of Identity.

The concern about students' engagement with school science and the numbers pursuing the further study of science is an international phenomenon and a matter of considerable concern among policy makers. Research has demonstrated that the majority of young children have positive attitudes to science at age 10 but that this interest then declines sharply and by age 14, their attitude and interest in the study of science has been largely formed. This paper reports on data collected as part of a funded 5-year longitudinal study that seeks to determine how students' interest in science and scientific careers evolves. As an initial part of the study, six focus group discussions were undertaken with schoolchildren, age 10–11, to explore their attitudes toward science and interest in science, the findings of which are presented here. The children's responses are analyzed through the lens of identity, drawing on a theoretical framework that views identity as an embodied and a performed construction that is both produced by individuals and shaped by their specific structural locations. This work offers new insights into the manner in which students construct representations of science and scientists. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed94:617–639, 2010
Highly-Expressive Spaces of Well-Behaved Transformations: Keeping it Simple

We propose novel finite-dimensional spaces of Rn → Rn transformations, n ∈ {1, 2, 3}, derived from (continuously-defined) parametric stationary velocity fields. Particularly, we obtain these transformations, which are diffeomorphisms, by fast and highly-accurate integration of continuous piecewise-affine velocity fields, we also provide an exact solution for n = 1. The simple-yet-highly-expressive proposed representation handles optional constraints (e.g., volume preservation) easily and supports convenient modeling choices and rapid likelihood evaluations (facilitating tractable inference over latent transformations). Its applications include, but are not limited to: unconstrained optimization over monotonic functions, modeling cumulative distribution functions or histograms, time warping, image registration, landmark-based warping, real-time diffeomorphic image editing. Our code is available at https://github.com/freifeld/cpabDiffeo.
Association of the dysbindin gene with bipolar affective disorder.

OBJECTIVE In the study of bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia, there is some evidence suggesting a phenotypic and genetic overlap between the two disorders. A possible link between bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia remains arguable, however. The authors hypothesized that dysbindin, which is a probable susceptibility gene for schizophrenia, was associated with bipolar affective disorder and tested this hypothesis using a case-control design study. METHOD Participants included 213 patients with bipolar I disorder and 197 comparison subjects. In each subject, 10 polymorphisms in the dysbindin gene were genotyped and assessed. RESULTS Two polymorphisms showed individual genotypic association with bipolar I disorder. Multiple marker haplotypes were more strongly associated, with the rarer of the two common haplotypes being overrepresented in the patients with bipolar affective disorder. A similar finding was reported in patients with schizophrenia in a previous study. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that the human dysbindin gene may play a role in the susceptibility to bipolar affective disorder, which underscores a potentially important area of etiological overlap with schizophrenia. The existence of shared genetic risk factors will, in time, lead to changes in the current nosology of major psychoses.
Study of the Frequency of Herpesvirus Infections Among Patients Suspected Aseptic Meningitis in the West of Iran

Background: Aseptic meningitis is the most common type of meningitis and is characterized by meningeal inflammation that is not linked to identifiable bacterial pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of aseptic meningitis caused by herpesviruses, namely herpes simplex types I and II (HSV-1, HSV-2), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Patients and Methods: A total of 196 CSF samples were collected from patients with suspected meningitis. All samples were smear- and culture-negative for bacterial pathogens. The biochemical and cytological findings of CSF samples were also recorded. DNA was extracted from samples and PCR with specific primers was carried out to detect viruses. Results: The 196 samples derived from 100 (52%) men and 96 (48%) women ranging in age from one day to 86 years with an average age of 32.3 ± 25.3 years. Of them, 8 (4.08%) samples yielded positive results, including 5 (2.55%) cases of VZV infection and 3 (1.53%) cases of HSV-1 infection. No cases of HSV-2, CMV or EBV infection were detected. CSF protein and glucose levels among positive cases were all in the normal range. Conclusions: The results indicate a considerable rate of herpesvirus infection in patients with aseptic meningitis, and that VZV is the most common herpesvirus to cause infection followed by HSV-1. Our results also showed that a moderate increase in the WBC count and predominance of lymphocytes can be valuable clues in diagnosing viral meningitis. Given the different approaches of drug therapy in bacterial and viral meningitis, use of molecular methods is necessary in hospitals to rapidly discriminate between them.
Anxiety and Second/Foreign Language Learning Revisited

This article critically reviews the literature that examines the anxiety phenomenon in the field of second/foreign language learning. A major theme that runs through this review is how anxiety comes into play in second/foreign language learning, and whether it is a central construct or only an add-on element that is negligible. Anxiety is defined and described in how it is measured and relates to other affective concepts. Drawing on cognitive, curriculum, and cultural perspectives, the paper examines the possible causes and effects of language anxiety and the relationship between anxiety and second/foreign language learning. Possible educational implications of the anxiety research are indicated.
From promises to practices: the fate of educational software in the home

Abstract Thirty-two families were given six market-leading, educational CDROMs each, and usage of them was logged over 11 weeks. These children and their parents were also interviewed on three occasions. Although parents and children were enthusiastic upon receipt of the software and envisaged that it would be a useful learning tool, children's use of these titles rapidly declined to an average of between only 10 and 25 minutes a week. Children spent most of their time using these products alone; collaboration with other family members was minimal. This is compared with parents' examples of other learning activities that take place as a whole family. Parents and children were asked to discuss the perceived qualities of the CD-ROMs. Parents had limited insight into how this home computer experience might relate to their children's experience in classrooms and they made little reference to informal theories of learning and teaching in judging the quality and impact of the software. This was classified as ‘good’ mainly in terms of features that could promote recreational enjoyment. It is concluded that the purchase/provision of a PC and of educational CD-ROMs is not enough, by itself, to foster lively learning practices in the home. Parents and schools need to work more closely together if this is to be achieved.
Estimation of Sediment Resuspension and Deposition in Coastal Waters

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Everyday peace: Bottom-up and local agency in conflict-affected societies

This article is a conceptual scoping of the notion and practice of everyday peace, or the methods that individuals and groups use to navigate their way through life in deeply divided societies. It focuses on bottom-up peace and survival strategies. The article locates everyday peace in the wider study of peace and conflict, and constructs a typology of the different types of social practice that constitute everyday peace. While aware of the limitations of the concept and the practice, the article argues that everyday peace can be an important building block of peace formation, especially as formal approaches to peacebuilding and statebuilding are often deficient. An enhanced form of everyday peace (everyday diplomacy) has the potential to go beyond conflict-calming measures to encompass more positive actions linked with conflict transformation. The article can also be read as an exploration of ‘the local’ and ‘agency’ in deeply divided societies. It provides a counterweight to accounts of conflict-affected societies that concentrate on top-down actors, formal institutions and conflict resolution ‘professionals’. The apparent ‘banality’ of the everyday challenges us to think creatively about perspectives and methodologies that can capture it.
An Associative Approach to Risk Perception: Measuring the Effects of Risk Communications Directly and Indirectly<1?tpb=-6pt?>

Risk perception is often measured by a direct method, e.g., a questionnaire. This mainly reveals the deliberate evaluation of a risk (a so‐called secondary evaluative process), whereas risk perception can also be based on a first, spontaneous reaction (a primary evaluative process). An indirect test such as the Extrinsic Affective Simon Task (EAST, De Houwer, 2003) may be needed to reveal this first, spontaneous reaction. In this study, a questionnaire and an EAST measured the effects of varying risk communications (high risk, low risk or control article), about high‐voltage power lines. The results of the EAST showed that the respondents associated power lines stronger with unhealthy than with healthy. However, the questionnaire results did not seem to indicate that the respondents considered power lines as risky. The EAST did not reveal an effect of article variation on the associations of power lines with (un)healthy. Conversely, the questionnaire results showed that article variation influenced the secondary evaluative process. Further, our findings demonstrated that the direct and indirect measures were unrelated. An indirect test may complement a direct test to get an overall picture of how people evaluate risks.
8 Social Hierarchy: The Self‐Reinforcing Nature of Power and Status

Abstract Hierarchy is such a defining and pervasive feature of organizations that its forms and basic functions are often taken for granted in organizational research. In this review, we revisit some basic psychological and sociological elements of hierarchy and argue that status and power are two important yet distinct bases of hierarchical differentiation. We first define power and status and distinguish our definitions from previous conceptualizations. We then integrate a number of different literatures to explain why status and power hierarchies tend to be self‐reinforcing. Power, related to one’s control over valued resources, transforms individual psychology such that the powerful think and act in ways that lead to the retention and acquisition of power. Status, related to the respect one has in the eyes of others, generates expectations for behavior and opportunities for advancement that favor those with a prior status advantage. We also explore the role that hierarchy‐enhancing belief systems play.
Decision-making of BDI agents, a fuzzy approach

This paper introduces and proposes agent fuzzy decision-making (AFDM), as an extension to the classical belief-desire-intention (BDI) model. AFDM addresses the limitations of present formalisms within BDI models by making decisions based on quantified fuzzy judgment. The AFDM matrix model enables quantitative calculation and thus, provides a more practical solution to BDI models. In addition, more flexible and controllable solutions to BDI persistence can be expected with the introduction of AFDM.
Necesidades formativas de los extensionistas rurales paraguayos desde la perspectiva de su función, sus problemas y sus intereses

espanolResulta indispensable discutir los contenidos y las metodologias utilizadas para formar extensionistas, muchas veces focalizadas exclusivamente en conocimientos tecnicos e implementadas segun una logica transferencista. Asi, en este trabajo, a traves de la realizacion de entrevistas, se analizan las necesidades formativas de los extensionistas rurales paraguayos indagando su funcion, los problemas a los que se enfrentan en su practica y sus propios intereses formativos. Ademas, mediante la implementacion de una encuesta nacional, se indagan de manera cuantitativa los intereses formativos y las modalidades pedagogicas preferidas por los tecnicos segun diferentes variables. Se concluye que las necesidades formativas de los extensionistas exceden los contenidos tecnicos incluyendo conocimientos referidos a comercializacion, metodologia de extension rural, manejo de grupos y tecnicas de trabajo participativas. Asimismo, tambien se observa que tanto los contenidos priorizados por los encuestados como las modalidades pedagogicas preferidas para recibir capacitacion se distribuyen de manera diferencial segun sexo, condicion laboral, nivel educativo, edad y experiencia en extension. Finalmente, se destaca la preferencia de metodologias teorico-practicas y aquellas que incorporan espacios de reflexion y dialogo grupal. EnglishIt is essential to discuss the contents and the methodologies used to train rural extensionists, many times exclusively focused on technical knowledge and conducted in a traditional and hierarchical way. Thus, in this paper, analyzing the results of interviews I conducted in Paraguay, I describe the training needs of the Paraguayan rural extensionists studying their function, the problems they face and their own training desires. Besides, I study the results of a national survey to analyze in a quantitative way their training desires, the preferred methodology to be trained and the relationship between these and other variables. I conclude that the training needs of rural extensionists exceed technical contents, including knowledge related to commercialization, methodology of rural extension, group coordination and participatory techniques. Additionally, I also highlight that the contests prioritized by the extensionists surveyed as well as the preferred methodologies to be trained are distributed unevenly by sex, employment status, education, age and experience in rural extension. Finally, I also mention that the rural extensionists expect trainings to articulate theory and practice and to include moments for reflection and group dialogue.
Grid cell firing patterns signal environmental novelty by expansion

The hippocampal formation plays key roles in representing an animal’s location and in detecting environmental novelty to create or update those representations. However, the mechanisms behind this latter function are unclear. Here, we show that environmental novelty causes the spatial firing patterns of grid cells to expand in scale and reduce in regularity, reverting to their familiar scale as the environment becomes familiar. Simultaneously recorded place cell firing fields remapped and showed a smaller, temporary expansion. Grid expansion provides a potential mechanism for novelty signaling and may enhance the formation of new hippocampal representations, whereas the subsequent slow reduction in scale provides a potential familiarity signal.
Resilience Training for Hospital Workers in Anticipation of an Influenza Pandemic

Background: Well before the H1N1 influenza, health care organizations worldwide prepared for a pandemic of unpredictable impact. Planners anticipated the possibility of a pandemic involving high mortality, high health care demands, rates of absenteeism rising up to 20‐30% among health care workers, rationing of health care, and extraordinary psychological stress. Method: The intervention we describe emerged from the recognition that an expected influenza pandemic indicated a need to build resilience to maintain the health of individuals within the organization and to protect the capacity of the organization to respond to extraordinary demands. Training sessions were one component of a multifaceted approach to reducing stress through effective preparation and served as an evidence based platform for our hospital's response to the H1N1 pandemic. Results: The training was delivered to more than 1250 hospital staff representing more than 22 departments within the hospital. The proportion of participants who felt better able to cope after the session (76%) was significantly higher than the proportion who felt prepared to deal confidently with the pandemic before the session (35%). Ten key themes emerged from our qualitative analysis of written comments, including family‐work balance, antiviral prophylaxis, and mistrust or fear towards health care workers. Conclusions: Drawing on what we learned from the impact of SARS on our hospital, we had the opportunity to improve our organization's preparedness for the pandemic. Our results suggest that an evidence‐based approach to interventions that target known mediators of distress and meet standards of continuing professional development is not only possible and relevant, but readily supportable by senior hospital administration.
Diversity management meets downsizing: the case of a government department

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore what happens to organisational diversity management (DM) policies when the management focus has turned towards significantly reducing workforce numbers.Design/methodology/approach – Findings from a qualitative case study research in one government department (PSO) is presented, and Dickens' three strategies for equality action as an analytical framework is used.Findings – PSO provides an example of the ways in which the three equality strategies outlined by Dickens interact with and mediate each other, so that together they potentially provide a much stronger foundation for the DM agenda within the context of a downsizing process.Research limitations/implications – The qualitative nature of the data makes generalisability to other organisations limited. In addition, case study fieldwork was not conducted during and after the downsizing exercise, however access to documentary data was available.Practical implications – The importance of involvement of a var.