Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a Role for Hsp82 in Histoplasma Virulence through a Quantitative Screen for Macrophage Lethality

ABSTRACT The application of forward genetics can reveal new factors required for the virulence of intracellular pathogens. To facilitate such virulence screens, we developed macrophage cell lines with which the number of intact host cells following infection with intracellular pathogens can be rapidly and easily ascertained through the expression of a constitutive lacZ transgene. Using known virulence mutants of Francisella novicida and Histoplasma capsulatum, we confirmed the applicability of these host cells for the quantitative assessment of bacterial and fungal virulence, respectively. To identify new genes required for Histoplasma virulence, we employed these transgenic macrophage cells to screen a collection of individual transfer DNA (T-DNA) insertion mutants. Among the mutants showing decreased virulence in macrophages, we identified an insertion in the locus encoding the Histoplasma Hsp82 homolog. The lesion caused by the T-DNA insertion localizes to the promoter region, resulting in significantly decreased HSP82 expression. Reduced HSP82 expression markedly attenuates the virulence of Histoplasma yeast in vivo. While the HSP82 hypomorph grows normally in vitro at 37°C and under acid and salinity stresses, its ability to recover from high-temperature stress is impaired. These results provide genetic proof of the role of stress chaperones in the virulence of a thermally dimorphic fungal pathogen.
Assessment of HER‐2/neu overexpression and/or gene amplification in breast carcinomas: should in situ hybridization be the method of choice?

Aims: Since the release of Herceptin®, pathology laboratories have been requested to test breast carcinomas for HER‐2/neu overexpression and/or gene amplification. Standardized IHC and FISH are mandatory in order to get reliable results, but there are problems even with standardized procedures. We decided to evaluate the two methods to determine which, or possibly if both, should be the primary investigation method(s).
Non-perturbative orientifold transitions at the conifold

After orientifold projection, the conifold singularity in hypermultiplet moduli space of Calabi-Yau compactifications cannot be avoided by geometric deformations. We study the non-perturbative fate of this singularity in a local model involving O6-planes and D6-branes wrapping the deformed conifold in type-IIA string theory. We classify possible A-type orientifolds of the deformed conifold and find that they cannot all be continued to the small resolution. When passing through the singularity on the deformed side, the O-plane charge generally jumps by the class of the vanishing cycle. To decide which classical configurations are dynamically connected, we construct the quantum moduli space by lifting the orientifold to M-theory as well as by looking at the superpotential. We find a rich pattern of smooth and phase transitions depending on the total sixbrane charge. Non-BPS states from branes wrapped on non-supersymmetric bolts are responsible for a phase transition. We also clarify the nature of a 2 valued D0-brane charge in the 6-brane background. Along the way, we obtain a new metric of G2 holonomy corresponding to an O6-plane on the three sphere of the deformed conifold.
Psychological Functioning of Out-of-Treatment Drug Users

Co-occurrence of drug use and psychological disorders is prevalent in both clinical and population-based samples. Severity of drug use, including injection drug use, polydrug use, and frequency of drug use, may have negative consequences for psychological treatment outcomes. The current research examines the psychological functioning of 224 out-of-treatment drug users and demographically matched nonusers using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Results indicate that drug users are more psychologically impaired than nonusers on all 9 dimensions of the BSI. Comparisons of injectors to noninjectors and polydrug users to single-drug users reveal few differences. However, in examining the frequency of drug use, chronic drug users score higher on 7 of the 9 BSI dimensions. Our findings imply injection and polydrug use do not have as much effect on psychological functioning as compared with frequency of drug use. Drug users, frequently characterized as exhibiting low self-esteem and achievement orientation, learned incompetence, negative outlooks, and heightened stress, are more likely to exhibit psychological dysfunction than are nonusers (Chein, Gerard, Lee, & Rosenfeld, 1964; Lang, 1983). The co-occurrence of substance use and psychiatric disorders is very common, with reported prevalence rates ranging anywhere from 21% to 65% in both clinical samples (Breakey, Calabrese, Rosenblatt, & Crum, 1998; Lin, Bai, Hu, & Yeh, 1998) and population-based studies (Kessler et al., 1994, 1996; Regier et al., 1990). Research has found
Penser les effets de la participation sur l'action publique à partir de ses impensés

Cet article propose un bilan critique de la litterature en science politique, sociologie et economie-gestion portant sur les effets des dispositifs participatifs sur la decision et l'action publiques. Il souligne combien la vision sequentielle, qui sous-tend les analyses sur les effets de la participation, explique les difficultes recurrentes a rendre compte de l'influence de la participation sur l'action publique. Ainsi, une vision renouvelee de l'action publique, et la clarification systematique de l'analyse conduite (liens de causalite etudies, variables saisies, elements de contexte distinctifs), apparaissent comme les conditions necessaires pour repenser collectivement les liens entre participation et action publique.
Satellite Attitude Control by Quaternion-Based Backstepping

In this brief, a tracking controller is presented to stabilize the attitude of a micro satellite via integrator backstepping and quaternion feedback. The controller is shown to render the equilibrium points in the closed-loop system uniformly asymptotically stable. Simulations are performed using satellite parameters from the ESEO mission under the European Space Agency's SSETI project.
MARSIS subsurface radar investigations of the South Polar reentrant Chasma Australe

[1] The Mars Express/Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) has conducted the first-ever subsurface probing of the south polar layered deposits (SPLD) revealing internal structure that is rich in detail. We report on subsurface features detected from a set of orbits that passed over the largest of the south polar reentrants, Chasma Australe, at the edge of the SPLD. We present selected MARSIS overflights to both document the unique observations and gain insight into the possible origin of this feature. We conclude that MARSIS observations clearly reveal new evidence of subsurface structure, such as (1) internal bands, (2) the continuation of the Prometheus basin floor beneath the SPLD to form a prominent basal interface, and (3) the presence of a possible ice-rich layer on the Prometheus basin floor extending to 500-m depth. There is no obvious indication of a present-day aquifer at the head of the chasma and identification of features associated with a past aquifer and water flow is ambiguous. While MARSIS observations may not uniquely solve the chasma origin debate, they do reveal the subsurface region beneath this very interesting feature for the first time.
Resistin-Like Molecule-β Inhibits SGLT-1 Activity and Enhances GLUT2-Dependent Jejunal Glucose Transport

OBJECTIVE An increased expression of RELM-β (resistin-like molecule-β), a gut-derived hormone, is observed in animal models of insulin resistance/obesity and intestinal inflammation. Intestinal sugar absorption is modulated by dietary environment and hormones/cytokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of RELM-β on intestinal glucose absorption. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Oral glucose tolerance test was performed in mice and rats in the presence and the absence of RELM-β. The RELM-β action on glucose transport in rat jejunal sacs, everted rings, and mucosal strips was explored as well as downstream kinases modulating SGLT-1 and GLUT2 glucose transporters. RESULTS Oral glucose tolerance test carried out in rodents showed that oral administration of RELM-β increased glycemia. Studies in rat jejunal tissue indicated that mucosal RELM-β promoted absorption of glucose from the gut lumen. RELM-β had no effect on paracellular mannitol transport, suggesting a transporter-mediated transcellular mechanism. In studies with jejunal mucosa mounted in Ussing chamber, luminal RELM-β inhibited SGLT-1 activity in line with a diminished SGLT-1 abundance in brush border membranes (BBMs). Further, the potentiating effect of RELM-β on jejunal glucose uptake was associated with an increased abundance of GLUT2 at BBMs. The effects of RELM-β were associated with an increased amount of protein kinase C βII in BBMs and an increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). CONCLUSIONS The regulation of SGLT-1 and GLUT2 by RELM-β expands the role of gut hormones in short-term AMPK/protein kinase C mediated control of energy balance.
DNA deletion as a mechanism for developmentally programmed centromere loss

A hallmark of active centromeres is the presence of the histone H3 variant CenH3 in the centromeric chromatin, which ensures faithful genome distribution at each cell division. A functional centromere can be inactivated, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the process of centromere inactivation remain largely unknown. Here, we describe the loss of CenH3 protein as part of a developmental program leading to the formation of the somatic nucleus in the eukaryote Paramecium. We identify two proteins whose depletion prevents developmental loss of CenH3: the domesticated transposase Pgm involved in the formation of DNA double strand cleavages and the Polycomb-like lysine methyltransferase Ezl1 necessary for trimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 9 and lysine 27. Taken together, our data support a model in which developmentally programmed centromere loss is caused by the elimination of DNA sequences associated with CenH3.
Unaffordable healthcare amid phenomenal growth: the case of healthcare protection in reform China

This article provides an up-to-date assessment of China's reformed urban healthcare system. It illustrates that, in the Chinese case, economic growth does not automatically bring equitable healthcare protection; policy and system designs are also important. The article finds that the reformed urban healthcare system is financially sustainable, but that individual citizens contribute the largest share of healthcare costs, whilst the state is reducing its financial commitment. It also reports the views of two principal stakeholder groups. The survey findings indicate the endorsement of an old ethos for a strong state in healthcare protection. But a substantial minority view is also unveiled, which supports access to healthcare on the basis of insurance contributions. In sum, affordability remains a critical issue for the Chinese despite the fact that they have a new healthcare system and a strong economy.
Control Motivation and Uncertainty: Information Processing or Avoidance in Moderate Depressives and Nondepressives

Two studies investigated the uncertainty orientation model of self-regulation as it relates to control motivation in moderate depressives and nondepressives. It was hypothesized that moderately depressed persons would be more likely than nondepressed persons to process information when control deprived, as opposed to nondeprived, only if they were uncertainty oriented. Certainty-oriented persons were expected to decrease information processing under these conditions. Participants differing in uncertainty orientation and depression level were assessed for information processing following control deprivation or no deprivation. In Study 1, desire for information about the deprivation task was assessed and participants were given a second performance task. In Study 2, information seeking was measured while reading about social outcomes. The expected three-factor interaction was found to be significant on measures of information seeking and performance in both studies. A model to represent these findings is proposed, as are implications for research on depression, coping, and control.
Alpha Band Cortico-Muscular Coherence Occurs in Healthy Individuals during Mechanically-Induced Tremor

The present work aimed at investigating the effects of mechanically amplified tremor on cortico-muscular coherence (CMC) in the alpha band. The study of CMC in this specific band is of particular interest because this coherence is usually absent in healthy individuals and it is an aberrant feature in patients affected by pathological tremors; understanding its mechanisms is therefore important. Thirteen healthy volunteers (23±4 years) performed elbow flexor sustained contractions both against a spring load and in isometric conditions at 20% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC). Spring stiffness was selected to induce instability in the stretch reflex servo loop. 64 EEG channels, surface EMG from the biceps brachii muscle and force were simultaneously recorded. Contractions against the spring resulted in greater fluctuations of the force signal and EMG amplitude compared to isometric conditions (p<.05). During isometric contractions CMC was systematically found in the beta band and sporadically observed in the alpha band. However, during the contractions against the spring load, CMC in the alpha band was observed in 12 out of 13 volunteers. Partial directed coherence (PDC) revealed an increased information flow in the EMG to EEG direction in the alpha band (p<.05). Therefore, coherence in the alpha band between the sensory-motor cortex and the biceps brachii muscle can be systematically induced in healthy individuals by mechanically amplifying tremor. The increased information flow in the EMG to EEG direction may reflect enhanced afferent activity from the muscle spindles. These results may contribute to the understanding of the presence of alpha band CMC in tremor related pathologies by suggesting that the origin of this phenomenon may not only be at cortical level but may also be affected by spinal circuit loops.
PROFIL MISKONSEPSI SISWA PADA MATERI POKOK PECAHAN DITINJAU DARI KEMAMPUAN MATEMATIKA SISWA

Miskonsepsi merupakan hal yang harusdihindari guru dan peserta didik dalampembelajaran. Kenyataan di lapangan menunjukkanbahwa masih banyak siswa yang mengalamimiskonsepsi salah satunya dalam Matematika.Pecahan salah satu materi dalam matematika yangsering digunakan dalam berbagai cabangmatematika lainnya maupun dalam berbagai cabanglainnya diluar matematika. Penelitian yangdigunakan merupakan penelitian kualitatif.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profilmiskonsepsi siswa pada materi pokok pecahan.Dalam penelitian ini subjek yang diteliti adalah 6siswa kelas VII B SMP Negeri 1 Gresik, 2 subjekdengan tingkat kemampuan tinggi, 2 subjek dengantingkat kemampuan sedang, dan 2 subjek dengantingkat kemampuan rendah. Instrumen yangdigunakan adalah soal tes kemampuan matematikasiswa, soal tes CRI (Certainly of Respon Indeks)dan wawancara. Metode pengumpulan data yangdigunakan yaitu menggunakan tes pelacakanmiskonsepsi yang dianalisis secara deskriptifdengan teknik CRI (Certainly of Respon Indeks). Siswa dengan tingkat kemampuan rendahpaling banyak mengalami miskonsepsi pada materipecahan. Miskonsepsi juga terjadi pada siswadengan tingkat kemampuan sedang dan tingkatkemampuan tinggi namun miskonsepsi yangdialami oleh mereka lebih sedikit jika dibandingkandengan siswa dengan tingkat kemampuan rendah.Hasil Penelitian menyebutkan: (1) Miskonsepsisiswa dominan pada konsep perkalian padapecahan. (2) Miskonsepsi yang dialami siswadengan kemampuan tinggi lebih sedikit jikadibandingkan dengan siswa dengan kemampuanmatematika sedang dan rendah
Leader behavior and LMX: a constructive replication

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine if the relationships found between a leader's behavior and the quality of the exchange relationship with a subordinate can be replicated using a different measure of leader‐member exchange (LMX) and a different sample.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reports the result of a survey study with a sample of 239 employees who rated specific behaviors of their manager and the quality of the LMX relationship.Findings – In a regression analysis that included several other important leader behaviors, supporting, delegating, and leading by example were statistically significant predictors of LMX.Research limitations/implications – The findings suggest that the positive relationship found in several earlier studies between LMX and a broad measure of transformational leadership was not interpreted correctly.Practical implications – The results from this study identify specific leader behaviors that are likely to be useful for developing a stronger exchange re.
PLANNED ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE ANDITS MEASUREMENT

Based upon recent reviews of evaluation methodology in Organization Development (OD), a description of a viable method for measuring planned organizational change is synthesized. The paper reports on the application of the procedure to a university student counseling center involved in an OD project utilizing an eclectic intervention. A diagnostic, reliability-tested questionnaire was used in a three year modified multiple time series research design, with a closely matched comparison organization, and data were analyzed for three types of change. Results support the contention that the measurement method is viable for accurately assessing the impact of an OD intervention and thus providing the groundwork for developing a rigorous, empirically-based theory of OD. However, several problems and tradeoffs are made explicit.
On the center problem for ordinary differential equations

<abstract abstract-type="Tex"><p>We study the Center Problem for equations <i>v</i>' = Σ<sup>∞</sup><sub class="stack" xmlns:m="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink"><i>i</i>=1</sub><i>a<sub>i</sub>(x)v</i><sup><i>i</i>+1</sup>. This problem is closely connected to the classical Poincaré Center-Focus problem about the characterization of planar polynomial vector fields whose integral trajectories are closed curves with interiors containing a fixed point, a <i>center</i>.
Medical management of osteoid osteoma.

OBJECTIVE To see if the results of managing osteoid osteoma with medical treatment alone is comparable to those after surgery or other ablative therapy. DESIGN A case series. SETTING A tertiary care centre. PATIENTS Eleven patients with osteoid osteoma treated over a 5-year period. The condition was diagnosed from a typical history, patient age, standard radiography, computed tomography, bone scanning, complete blood count and measurement of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. INTERVENTIONS Continued medical treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for 6 months after pain ceased. Surgery was done only in those who refused or could not tolerate medical treatment. MAIN RESULTS Medical treatment successfully controlled the pain in all patients. Two patients decided to undergo surgery because of intolerance to the NSAIDS. In 7 patients the symptoms resolved after a mean time of 2.5 years. Two patients were still taking NSAIDS 5 years from the time of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS The natural history of osteoid osteoma is self-limited so patients should be offered nonoperative treatment, reserving ablative treatment for those who are unable or unwilling to take NSAIDs until their symptoms resolve.
Stem-completion Priming for Words Studied in Sentences: The Context Deletion Effect Under Direct and Indirect Memory Instructions

Two studies investigated the context deletion effect, the attenuation of priming in implicit memory tests of words when words have been studied in text rather than in isolation. In Experiment 1, stem completion for single words was primed to a greater extent by words studied alone than in sentence contexts, and a higher proportion of completions from studied words was produced under direct instructions (cued recall) than under indirect instructions (produce the first completion that comes to mind). The effect of a sentence context was eliminated when participants were instructed to attend to the target word during the imagery generation task used in the study phase. In Experiment 2, the effect of a sentence context at study was reduced when the target word was presented in distinctive format within the sentence, and the study task (grammatical judgment) was directed at a word other than the target. The results implicate conceptual and perceptual processes that distinguish a word from its context in priming in word stem completion.
Mobile Data Offloading through Opportunistic Communications and Social Participation

3G networks are currently overloaded, due to the increasing popularity of various applications for smartphones. Offloading mobile data traffic through opportunistic communications is a promising solution to partially solve this problem, because there is almost no monetary cost for it. We propose to exploit opportunistic communications to facilitate information dissemination in the emerging Mobile Social Networks (MoSoNets) and thus reduce the amount of mobile data traffic. As a case study, we investigate the target-set selection problem for information delivery. In particular, we study how to select the target set with only k users, such that we can minimize the mobile data traffic over cellular networks. We propose three algorithms, called Greedy, Heuristic, and Random, for this problem and evaluate their performance through an extensive trace-driven simulation study. Our simulation results verify the efficiency of these algorithms for both synthetic and real-world mobility traces. For example, the Heuristic algorithm can offload mobile data traffic by up to 73.66 percent for a real-world mobility trace. Moreover, to investigate the feasibility of opportunistic communications for mobile phones, we implement a proof-of-concept prototype, called Opp-off, on Nokia N900 smartphones, which utilizes their Bluetooth interface for device/service discovery and content transfer.