Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Role of Social Media and Individual Behaviors in Flood Evacuation Processes: An Agent‐Based Modeling Approach

Flood warnings from various information sources are important for individuals to make evacuation decisions during a flood event. In this study, we develop a general opinion dynamics model to simulate how individuals update their flood hazard awareness when exposed to multiple information sources, including global broadcast, social media, and observations of neighbors' actions. The opinion dynamics model is coupled with a traffic model to simulate the evacuation processes of a residential community with a given transportation network. Through various scenarios, we investigate how social media affect the opinion dynamics and evacuation processes. We find that stronger social media can make evacuation processes more sensitive to the change of global broadcast and neighbor observations, and thus, impose larger uncertainty on evacuation rates (i.e., a large range of evacuation rates corresponding to sources of information). For instance, evacuation rates are lower when social media become more influential and individuals have less trust in global broadcast. Stubborn individuals can significantly affect the opinion dynamics and reduce evacuation rates. In addition, evacuation rates respond to the percentage of stubborn agents in a nonlinear manner, i.e., above a threshold, the impact of stubborn agents will be intensified by stronger social media. These results highlight the role of social media in flood evacuation processes and the need to monitor social media so that misinformation can be corrected in a timely manner. The joint impacts of social media, quality of flood warnings, and transportation capacity on evacuation rates are also discussed.
Heating of the low‐latitude solar wind by dissipation of turbulent magnetic fluctuations

We test a theory presented previously to account for the turbulent transport of magnetic fluctuation energy in the solar wind and the related dissipation and heating of the ambient ion population. This theory accounts for the injection of magnetic energy through the damping of large-scale flow gradients, such as wind shear and compression, and incorporates the injection of magnetic energy due to wave excitation by interstellar pickup ions. The theory assumes quasi-two-dimensional spectral transport of the fluctuation energy and subsequent dissipation that heats the thermal protons. We compare the predictions of this theory with Voyager 2 and Pioneer 11 observations of magnetic fluctuation energy, magnetic correlation lengths, and ambient proton temperatures. Near-Earth Omnitape observations are used to adjust for solar variability, and the possibility that high-latitude effects could mask possible radial dependences is considered. We find abundant evidence for in situ heating of the protons, which we quantify, and show that the observed magnetic energy is consistent with the ion temperatures.
Quantitative Prediction of Transporter- and Enzyme-Mediated Clinical Drug-Drug Interactions of Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide 1B1 Substrates Using a Mechanistic Net-Effect Model

Quantitative prediction of complex drug-drug interactions (DDIs) involving hepatic transporters and cytochromes P450 (P450s) is challenging. We evaluated the extent of DDIs of nine victim drugs—which are substrates to organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 and undergo P450 metabolism or biliary elimination—caused by five perpetrator drugs, using in vitro data and the proposed extended net-effect model. Hepatobiliary transport and metabolic clearance estimates were obtained from in vitro studies. Of the total of 62 clinical interaction combinations assessed using the net-effect model, 58 (94%) could be predicted within a 2-fold error, with few false-negative predictions. Model predictive performance improved significantly when in vitro active uptake clearance was corrected to recover in vivo clearance. The basic R-value model yielded only 63% predictions within 2-fold error. This study demonstrates that the interactions involving transporter-enzyme interplay need to be mechanistically assessed for quantitative rationalization and prospective prediction.
Basic fibroblast growth factor in the chick embryo: immunolocalization to striated muscle cells and their precursors

The identification of acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) in a number of embryonic tissue extracts has implicated these growth factors in the regulation of a variety of embryonic events including angiogenesis, eye development, and muscle differentiation. Lack of information concerning the cellular distribution of the growth factor within these tissues has made it extremely difficult to assign developmental roles to FGF. We have localized bFGF in the developing chick embryo using immunohistochemical techniques and our monospecific polyclonal rabbit anti-human bFGF IgG. The spatial pattern for bFGF localization was highly specific. The anti-human bFGF antibodies recognized striated muscle cells and their precursors in 2-6-d chick embryos. Myocardium, somite myotome, and limb bud muscle all stain positively for bFGF. In addition, the anti-human bFGF antibodies localized specifically to the cell, rather than to the extracellular matrix or nucleus of myotubes. The localization of bFGF demonstrated here provides further support for the hypothesis (Clegg et al., 1987; Seed et al., 1988) that this growth factor is involved in muscle development.
Longitudinal Diffusion Tensor Imaging Shows Progressive Changes in White Matter in Huntington's Disease.

BACKGROUND Huntington's disease is marked by progressive neuroanatomical changes, assumed to underlie the development of the disease's characteristic symptoms. Previous work has demonstrated longitudinal macrostructural white-matter atrophy, with some evidence of microstructural change focused in the corpus callosum. OBJECTIVE To more accurately characterise longitudinal patterns, we examined white matter microstructural change using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) data from three timepoints over a 15 month period. METHODS In 48 early-stage HD patients and 36 controls from the multi-site PADDINGTON project, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was employed to measure changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) in 24 white matter regions-of-interest (ROIs). RESULTS Cross-sectional analysis indicated widespread baseline between-group differences, with significantly decreased FA and increased AD and RD found in HD patients across multiple ROIs. Longitudinal rates of change differed significantly between HD patients and controls in the genu and body of corpus callosum, corona radiata and anterior limb of internal capsule. Change in RD in the body of the corpus callosum was significantly associated with baseline disease burden, but other clinical associations were not significant. CONCLUSIONS We detected subtle longitudinal white matter changes in early HD patients. Progressive white matter abnormalities in HD may not be uniform throughout the brain, with some areas remaining static in the early symptomatic phase. Longer assessment periods across disease stages will help map this progressive trajectory.
THE ALTERNATION HYPOTHESIS: ACQUISITION OF DUTCH WORD ORDER BY TURKISH AND MOROCCAN FOREIGN WORKERS1

We describe the acquisition of Dutch word order (in particular the positions of the verb and the preposition) by 16 Turkish and Moroccan foreign workers residing in Amsterdam Our theoretical framework is the Alternation Hypothesis, which states that when the target language offers an alternation between two patterns (eg. verb final and verb second, as in Dutch), a second language learner will tend to over generalize the pattern existing in his or her first language (eg, verb final in Turkish. verb second in Moroccan Arable) The hypothesis is partly confirmed by our data Reliance on first language structures is frequent in the earl) stages of the process of acquisition of the alternating orders involved. but almost absent in later stages
Compact Analytical Threshold-Voltage Model of Nanoscale Fully Depleted Strained-Si on Silicon–Germanium-on-Insu lator (SGOI) MOSFETs

In this paper, a physically based analytical threshold-voltage model is developed for nanoscale strained-Si on silicon-germanium-on-insulator MOSFETs for the first time, taking into account short-channel effects. The model is derived by solving the 2-D Poisson equation in strained-Si and SiGe layers. The effects of various important device parameters like strain (Ge mole fraction in the SiGe layer), body doping, gate workfunction, strained-Si thin film and SiGe layer thickness, etc., has been considered. We have demonstrated that increasing strain in order to enhance device performance can lead to undesirable threshold-voltage rolloff. The model is found to agree well with the 2-D simulation results
Dating methods: review for 1993

new journal launched in 1993 is Quaternary Geochronology edited by Rainer Grun of the Quaternary Dating Research Centre at Australian National University in Canberra (Miller, pers. comm., 1994). Because dating methods play an increasingly important role in Quaternary processes and in establishing and refining Quaternary chronologies, it has proved necessary to initiate a new journal. Quaternary Geochronology will be published as part of Quaternary Science Reviews (two issues per year for the next few years). This new journal will provide a forum for the exclusive discussion of dating methods applied to the
Isolationof bacterial extrachromosomalDNAfromhumandental plaqueassociatedwith periodontal disease , using transposon-aided capture ( TRACA )

Isolationof bacterial extrachromosomalDNAfromhumandental plaqueassociatedwith periodontal disease, using transposonaided capture (TRACA) Philip J. Warburton, Elaine Allan, Stephanie Hunter, John Ward, Veronica Booth, William G. Wade & Peter Mullany Research Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK; Research Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK; and King’s College London Dental Institute, Infection Research Group, Guy’s Campus, London, UK
A vector field model to handle the displacement of multiple conflicts in building generalization

In map generalization, the displacement operation attempts to resolve proximity conflicts to guarantee map legibility. Owing to the limited representation space, conflicts may occur between both the same and different features under different contexts. A successful displacement should settle multiple conflicts, suppress the generation of secondary conflicts after moving some objects, and preserve the distribution patterns. The effect of displacement can be understood as a force that pushes related objects away with properties of propagation and distance decay. This study borrows the idea of vector fields from physics discipline and establishes a vector field model to handle the displacement of multiple conflicts in building generalization. A scalar field is first constructed based on a Delaunay triangulation skeleton to partition the buildings being examined (e.g., a street block). Then, we build a vector field to conduct displacement measurements through the detection of conflicts from multiple sources. The direction and magnitude of the displacement force are computed based on an iso-line model of vector field. The experiment shows that this global method can settle multiple conflicts and preserve the spatial relations and important building patterns.
The contribution of club participation to adolescent health: evidence from six countries

Background: Social networks have been recognised as an important factor for enhancing the health of people and communities. Bridging social capital, characterised by numerous and varied weak ties, exemplifies a particular type of network that can help people reach their goals and improve their health. This study seeks to contribute to the evidence base on the use of positive social networks for young people’s health by exploring the importance of club participation in predicting the health and health-related behaviours of 15-year-old girls and boys across Europe and North America. Methods: Data are derived from a 2005–6 World Health Organization collaborative study, to establish the relationships between different types of club and a range of health outcomes (self-perceived health, wellbeing and symptoms) and health-related behaviours (smoking, drinking). Multi-level logistic regression was used to assess the independent effects of club participation by controlling for gender and socioeconomic position. Data were compared across six countries. Results: All the considered outcomes, both in terms of perceived health and wellbeing and health behaviours were associated with participation in formal associations. The associations are in the expected direction (participation corresponding to better health) except for some particular association types. Conclusions: Participation in formal associations seems supportive for good health and health behaviours in adolescence, and should be promoted in this age group.
Estimating the Sediment Flux and Budget for a Data Limited Rift Valley Lake in Ethiopia

Information on sediment concentration in rivers is important for the design and management of reservoirs. In this paper, river sediment flux and siltation rate of a rift valley lake basin (Lake Ziway, Ethiopia) was modeled using suspended sediment concentration (SSC) samples from four rivers and lake outlet stations. Both linear and non-linear least squares log–log regression methods were used to develop the model. The best-fit model was tested and evaluated qualitatively by time-series plots, quantitatively by using watershed model evaluation statistics, and validated by calculating the prediction error. Sediment yield (SY) of ungauged rivers were assessed by developing and using a model that includes catchment area, slope, and rainfall, whereas bedload was estimated. As a result, the gross annual SY transported into the lake was 2.081 Mton/year. Annually, 0.178 Mton/year of sediment is deposited in floodplains with a sediment trapping rate of 20.6%, and 41,340 ton/year of sediment leaves the lake through the Bulbula River. The annual sediment deposition in the lake is 2.039 Mton/year with a mean sediment trapping efficiency of 98%. Based on the established sediment budget with average rainfall, the lake will lose its volume by 0.106% annually and the lifetime of Lake Ziway will be 947 years. The results show that the approach used can be replicated at other similar ungauged watersheds. As one of the most important sources of water for irrigation in the country, the results can be used for planning and implementing a lake basin management program targeting upstream soil erosion control.
Health Differences at Birth between Roma and non‐Roma Children in Hungary: Long‐run Trends and Decomposition

This paper uses birth records linked to census data to document health differences at birth between Roma and non-Roma children in Hungary between 1981 and 2010. It focuses on differences in average birth weight and average gestational age, as well as the likelihood of low birth weight and the likelihood of preterm birth. The paper shows large gaps in all indicators over the 30 years, with a small narrowing of the gap in absolute terms but not in relative terms. Roma mothers are twice as likely to give birth to babies with low birth weight and before the 37th week. Standard decompositions show that around 80% of the gap is explained by socioeconomic factors, and education alone explains more than half. Despite significant changes in society, the explanatory power of education and other factors remains constant. Narrowing the gap in educational attainment, especially at higher levels, may have the highest potential to improve the relative health of Roma births.
The Contributions of Static Visual Cues, Nonvisual Cues, and Optic Flow in Distance Estimation

By systematically varying cue availability in the stimulus and response phases of a series of same-modality and cross-modality distance matching tasks, we examined the contributions of static visual information, idiothetic information, and optic flow information. The experiment was conducted in a large-scale, open, outdoor environment. Subjects were presented with information about a distance and were then required to turn 180° before producing a distance estimate. Distance encoding and responding occurred via: (i) visually perceived target distance, or (ii) traversed distance through either blindfolded locomotion or during sighted locomotion. The results demonstrated that subjects performed with similar accuracy across all conditions. In conditions in which the stimulus and the response were delivered in the same mode, when visual information was absent, constant error was minimal; whereas, when visual information was present, overestimation was observed. In conditions in which the stimulus and response modes differed, a consistent error pattern was observed. By systematically comparing complementary conditions, we found that the availability of visual information during locomotion (particularly optic flow) led to an ‘under-perception’ of movement relative to conditions in which visual information was absent during locomotion.
RE J2248−511: not all variable, ultrasoft, X‐ray AGN have narrow Balmer lines

We present ASCA data on RE J2248-511, extending existing optical and soft X-ray coverage to 10 keV, and monitoring the soft component. These data show that, despite a very strong ultrasoft X-ray excess below 0.3 keV and a soft 0.3-2 keV spectral index in earlier ROSAT data, the hard X-ray spectrum (alpha similar to -0.8; 0.6-10 keV) is typical of type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGN), and the soft component has since disappeared. Optical data taken at two different epochs show that the big blue bump is also highly variable. The strength of the ultrasoft X-ray component and the extreme variability in RE J2248-511 are reminiscent of the behaviour observed in many narrow line Seyfert 1s (NLS 1s). However, the high-energy end of the ROSAT spectrum, the ASCA spectrum and the Balmer line full widths at half maximum of similar to 3000 km s(-1) in RE J2248-511 are typical of normal Seyfert 1 AGN.The change in the soft X-ray spectrum as observed in the ROSAT and ASCA data is consistent with the behaviour of Galactic Black Hole Candidates (GBHCs) as they move from a high to a low state, i.e. a fall in the ultrasoft component and a hardening of the X-ray continuum. This GBHC analogy has also been proposed for NLS1s. Alternatively, the variability may be caused by opacity changes in a hot, optically thin corona which surrounds a cold, dense accretion disc; this was first suggested by Guainazzi et al. for 1H 0419-577, an object which shows remarkably similar properties to RE J2248-511.
Cerebrovascular Complications Associated with Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis

One hundred fifty patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) were followed-up for an average of 5.5 years. There were 95 males and 55 females with a mean age of 51 years. Patients usually presented with cardiac symptoms or syncope; no patient presented with stroke. Eight patients (5%) died during follow-up, all from cardiac causes. Eleven patients (7%) developed cerebrovascu- lar complications; 5 (3%) had a stroke and 6 (4%) had TIA only. Patients with IHSS and atrial fibrillation have a much greater stroke risk. Mitral annulus calcification may also increase stroke risk in IHSS. However, stroke is almost never the presenting manifestation of IHSS, and the longterm risk of stroke for most patients with known IHSS is low. Stroke Vol 15, No 2, 1984
Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Resistance to Drugs That Activate the Mitotic Spindle Assembly Checkpoint in Burkitt's Lymphoma Cells

ABSTRACT Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with a number of human cancers, and latent EBV gene expression has been reported to interfere with cell cycle checkpoints and cell death pathways. Here we show that latent EBV can compromise the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint and rescue Burkitt's lymphoma (BL)-derived cells from caspase-dependent cell death initiated in aberrant mitosis. This leads to unscheduled mitotic progression, resulting in polyploidy and multi- and/or micronucleation. The EBV latent genes responsible for this phenotype are expressed from the P3HR1 strain of virus and several viruses with similar genomic deletions that remove the EBNA2 gene. Although EBNA2 and the latent membrane proteins are not expressed, the EBNA3 proteins are present in these BL cells. Survival of the EBV-positive cells is not consistently associated with EBV lytic gene expression or with the genes that are expressed in EBV latency I BL cells (i.e., EBNA1, EBERs, and BARTs) but correlates with reduced expression of the cellular proapoptotic BH3-only protein Bim. These data suggest that a subset of latent EBV gene products may increase the likelihood of damaged DNA being inherited because of the impaired checkpoint and enhanced survival capacity. This could lead to greater genetic diversity in progeny cells and contribute to tumorigenesis. Furthermore, since it appears that this restricted latent EBV expression interferes with the responses of Burkitt's lymphoma-derived cells to cytotoxic drugs, the results of this study may have important therapeutic implications in the treatment of some BL.
Late Holocene Sea Surface Instabilities in the Disko Bugt Area, West Greenland, in Phase With δ18O Oscillations at Camp Century

Palynological analyses of sediment core MSM343310 from Disko Bugt (68°38′861°N, 53°49′493°W) document decadal‐ to centennial‐scale variability of sea surface conditions during the last ~3,600 years. Dinocyst fluxes (>104 cysts/cm2 yr−1) indicate a very high productivity. Dinocyst assemblages dominated by Islandinium minutum, Brigantedinium spp. , Islandinium? cezare, and the cyst of Pentapharsodinium dalei suggest low surface salinity and marked shifts in summer sea surface temperature. The application of the modern analog technique to dinocyst assemblages, using an updated reference data set with new sites from the West Greenland margin, led to reconstruct decadal‐centennial‐scale variations in sea surface salinity and temperature, in phase with the δ18O variations in the Camp Century ice core. At ~1.5 ka BP, the seasonal sea ice cover records an important regime change, from winter‐only sea ice to more unstable conditions marked by successive cooling pulses with sea ice cover of up to 8 months/yr. The data suggest a close relationship between hydrographic conditions and regional climate over Greenland. Our record shows variations with a mean 200 years periodicity until ~2 ka BP, which supports the hypothesis of climate variations driven by solar variability. After 1.5 ka BP, our data show a variability characterized by a 60–70 year periodicity, which suggests linkages with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and southwestward migration of the atmospheric polar front. The most recent part of the record, from ~1900 CE to 2007 CE, is characterized by assemblages reflecting warmer surface conditions and reduced sea ice cover.