Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does the Bond‐Stock Earnings Yield Differential Model Predict Equity Market Corrections Better than High P/E Models?

In this paper, we extend the literature on crash prediction models in three main respects. First, we relate explicitly crash prediction measures and asset pricing models. Second, we present a simple, effective statistical significance test for crash prediction models. Finally, we propose a definition and a measure of robustness for crash prediction models. We apply the statistical test and measure the robustness of selected model specifications of the Price-Earnings (P/E) ratio and Bond Stock Earning Yield Differential (BSEYD) measures. This analysis suggests that the BSEYD, the logarithmic BSEYD model, and to a lesser extent the P/E ratio, are statistically significant robust predictors of equity market crashes.
Codes with the same coset weight distributions as the Z4-linear Goethals codes

We study the coset weight distributions of the family of Z/sub 4/-linear Goethals-like codes of length N=2/sup m+1/, m/spl ges/3 odd, constructed by Helleseth, Kumar, and Shanbhag (see Designs, Codes and Cryptography, vol.17, no.1-3, p.246-62, 1999). These codes have the same Lee weight distribution as the Z/sub 4/-linear Goethals code /spl Gscr//sub 1/, and, therefore (taking into account the result of Hammons, Kumar, Sloane, Calderbank, and Sole), the binary images of all these codes by the Gray map have the same weight distribution as the binary Goethals code. We prove that all these codes have the same coset weight distributions as the Z/sub 4/-linear Goethals code, constructed by Hammons, Kumar, Sloane, Calderbank, and Sole (see ibid., vol.40, p.301-19, March 1994). The cosets of weight four is the most difficult case. In order to find the number of codewords of weight four in a coset of weight four we have to solve a nonlinear system of equations over the Galois field GF(2/sup m/). Such a system (the degree of one of the equations) depends on k. We prove that the distribution of solutions to such a system does not depend on k and, therefore, coincides with the case k=1 considered earlier by Helleseth and Zinoviev (see Designs, Codes and Cryptography, vol.17, no.1-3, p.246-62, 1999). For k=1, we solved this system in the following sense: for all cases (of cosets of weight four) we have either an exact expression, or an expression in terms of the Kloosterman sums.
The Relationship Between Watching Professional Wrestling on Television and Engaging in Date Fighting Among High School Students

CONTEXT. Previous research has found that exposure to violence in the home, community, and electronic media are associated with children's and adolescents' normative expectations concerning the use of violence and with other indicators of the violent behaviors by youth. OBJECTIVE. Our purpose with this study was to examine the relationships between the frequency that high school students reported watching wrestling on television and engaging in date fighting, weapon carrying, and other fighting behaviors. DESIGN. The initial analysis consisted of a cross-sectional study of a simple random sample of high school students, which was followed by a longitudinal analysis of these students over a 6- to 7-month period. SETTING. The setting was all public high schools in 1 city/county system. PARTICIPANTS. We used a simple random sample (N = 2228) of students. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES. The primary outcome variables included the frequency of date fighting during the previous 12 months and alcohol or other drug involvement associated with the last date fight. RESULTS. There were significant correlations between frequency of watching wrestling on television during the previous 2 weeks and engaging in date fighting, fighting in general, and weapon carrying for both males and females, although the relationships were stronger among females than among males. The frequency of watching wrestling was highest among students reporting date fighting when either the victim or perpetrator had been drinking alcohol or using illegal drugs. When analyzed using logistic regression, the strongest relationships were observed between the frequency of watching wrestling and date-fight perpetration among females in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. These findings persisted after adjusting for multiple other factors. CONCLUSIONS. For males and females, the frequency of watching wrestling was highest among students who fought with their dates when alcohol or other drugs were involved. The association between watching wrestling and date fighting was stronger among females than males. The relationship between watching wrestling on television and being the perpetrator of dating violence was also stronger among females and remained consistent over a 6- to 7-month time period.
The Effects of Abdominal Opening on Respiratory Mechanics During General Anesthesia in Normal and Morbidly Obese Patients: A Comparative Study

Morbid obesity has a profound effect on respiratory mechanics and gas exchange. However, most studies were performed in morbidly obese patients before or after anesthesia. We tested the hypothesis that anesthesia and abdominal opening could modify the elastic and resistive properties of the respiratory system. Eleven morbidly obese and eight normal-weight patients scheduled for gastric binding and cancer treatment, respectively, under laparotomy were studied. Respiratory mechanics, partitioned into its lung and chest wall components, were investigated during surgery by means of the end-inspiratory inflation occlusion method and esophageal balloon at five time points. Static respiratory and lung compliance were markedly reduced in obese patients; on the contrary, static compliance of chest wall presented comparable values in both groups. Obese patients also presented higher resistances of the total respiratory system, lung and chest wall, as well as “additional” lung resistance. Mainly in obese patients, laparotomy provoked a significant increase in lung compliance and decrease in “additional” lung resistance 1 h after the peritoneum was opened, which returned to original values after the peritoneum had been closed (P < 0.005). In obese patients, low respiratory compliance and higher airway resistance were mainly determined by the lung component.
Prediction of Polypharmacological Profiles of Drugs by the Integration of Chemical, Side Effect, and Therapeutic Space

Prediction of polypharmacological profiles of drugs enables us to investigate drug side effects and further find their new indications, i.e. drug repositioning, which could reduce the costs while increase the productivity of drug discovery. Here we describe a new computational framework to predict polypharmacological profiles of drugs by the integration of chemical, side effect, and therapeutic space. On the basis of our previous developed drug side effects database, named MetaADEDB, a drug side effect similarity inference (DSESI) method was developed for drug-target interaction (DTI) prediction on a known DTI network connecting 621 approved drugs and 893 target proteins. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.882 ± 0.011 averaged from 100 simulated tests of 10-fold cross-validation for the DSESI method, which is comparative with drug structural similarity inference and drug therapeutic similarity inference methods. Seven new predicted candidate target proteins for seven approved drugs were confirmed by published experiments, with the successful hit rate more than 15.9%. Moreover, network visualization of drug-target interactions and off-target side effect associations provide new mechanism-of-action of three approved antipsychotic drugs in a case study. The results indicated that the proposed methods could be helpful for prediction of polypharmacological profiles of drugs.
Inter‐ and intra‐specific scaling of articular surface areas in the hominoid talus

The morphology of postcranial articular surfaces is expected to reflect their weight‐bearing properties, as well as the stability and mobility of the articulations to which they contribute. Previous studies have mainly confirmed earlier predictions of isometric scaling between articular surface areas and body mass; the exception to this is ‘male‐type’, convex articular surface areas, which may scale allometrically due to differences in locomotor strategies within the analysed samples. In the present study, we used new surface scanning technology to quantify more accurately articular surface areas and to test those predictions within the talus of hominoid primates, including modern humans. Our results, contrary to predictions, suggest that there are no generalised rules of articular scaling within the talus of hominoids. Instead, we suggest that articular scaling patterns are highly context‐specific, depending on the role of each articulation during locomotion, as well as taxon‐ and sex‐specific differences in locomotion and ontogenetic growth trajectories within any given sample. While this may prove problematic for inferring body mass based on articular surface area, it also offers new opportunities of gaining substantial insights into the locomotor patterns of extinct species.
Marginal recycling: place and informal recycling in St. John's, Newfoundland

Informal recycling networks are systems through which impoverished populations earn money and residents recycle waste which might otherwise go into a landfill. These networks, in which people voluntarily self-organise to collect recyclables, occur throughout the world. This article discusses results of an exploratory, qualitative study of one such network in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador which identifies motivational characteristics of the network and their implications for public policy. Through close attention to particularities of place, the research identified community interaction and community inclusion as two of the most active motivating factors within the studied network. The findings suggest public recycling programmes can increase public participation through greater attention to place-based motivational factors. Such participation could contribute to increased sustainability and reach of recycling programmes.
Learning networks, power and legitimacy in multinational subsidiaries

This paper demonstrates how learning networks are used by subsidiaries to maximize the strategic value of knowledge as a source of power; and how the embedded nature of knowledge influences this process. Using resource dependence and legitimacy concepts, it is argued that different forms of learning networks afford knowledge the legitimacy to act as a source of power. These forms are based on combinations of intra- or inter-organizational local and international relations. The results indicate that local learning networks are more likely to enable innovations because local contexts are perceived as being the most useful or legitimate. Moreover, international intra-organizational learning networks reinforce the legitimacy of knowledge as an important resource by encouraging diffusion. The tension between organizational strategies and institutional structures supporting innovation is explored.
Audit Market Concentration, Audit Fees, and Audit Quality: Evidence from China

SUMMARY: We investigate the effects of audit market concentration on audit fees and audit quality in China, where competition is intense and the legal environment is relatively weak compared with developed countries. Analyzing 12,334 firm-year observations for the period 2001 to 2011, we find a significant positive relation between concentration and audit fees. Path analysis shows that concentration improves client earnings quality and reduces the need for auditors to issue modified audit opinions through increased audit fees. Additional analysis indicates that the increased audit fees and client earnings quality resulting from increased concentration are associated with a lower likelihood of executives and auditors being sanctioned by regulators for audit failures. Together, our results suggest that concentration improves audit quality indirectly through increased audit fees and this positive indirect effect offsets the negative direct effect of concentration on audit quality. By separating the direct a.
Tax Competition: A Literature Review

This article reviews the social science literature on tax competition in three steps. The first step is to look at the baseline model of tax competition on which most of the literature implicitly or explicitly builds. The key feature is that governments in a context of open borders will engage in wasteful competition for mobile economic assets and activities through tax reductions. The second step is to focus more closely on tax-induced cross-border mobility. Do tax payers actually shift assets and activities across borders in response to differences in taxation? The main message of the literature is that the scope for tax arbitrage depends crucially on the legal rules governing the taxation of cross-border activities and that the intensity of tax arbitrage varies greatly across different taxes. The final step is to analyze government reactions to tax arbitrage. Do they engage in competitive tax cutting as predicted by the baseline model? The literature discusses various strategies of tax competition and demonstrates that different governments use them to different degrees across different taxes. It also shows, however, that governments increasingly engage in tax cooperation to reign in tax arbitrage and competition. While off to a slow start in the 1960s, tax cooperation has gained momentum in recent years, especially after the financial crisis in 2008.
Hydrological shifts and tree growth responses to river modification along the Apalachicola River, Florida

Shifts in the hydrologic regime of Florida’s Apalachicola River have been attributed to anthropogenic changes throughout its watershed, including local dam construction. To assess impacts of those shifts on floodplain forests, we reconstructed tree growth using dendrochronology and compared these trends with hydrological and climatic variables. Comparisons of stream-gage data before and after dam construction on the Apalachicola River revealed statistically significant mean declines in annual average stage. Mean minimum annual stages, rise rates, and fall rates also decreased, while hydrograph reversals increased. Growth in four tree species correlated strongly with site-specific inundation parameters. A wetter climate in the two decades following dam construction and fine-scale fluctuation of the hydrograph may have set the stage for positive growth releases. Logging and hurricane wind throw events may have also contributed. However, drier conditions in the last two decades are now exacerbated by stage-discharge declines that had been masked previously. Tree growth rates and recruitment have decreased and, in the absence of a major disturbance, the forest canopy is composed of an older cohort of individuals. Our findings highlight how hydrograph variability, climate change, and vegetation disturbance are all relevant for gaging and anticipating the range of impacts of river modification on floodplain forests.
Non-Audit Services and Auditor Independence: New Zealand Evidence

This paper examines evidence in New Zealand about whether auditors providing more non-audit services are less independent. Three sets of tests are used to address the issue. The first examines whether there is a relation between non-audit fees and audit fees, the second examines whether there is a relation between non-audit fees and audit report qualification or modification, and the third examines whether there is a relation between non-audit fees and stability of audit tenure. The results suggest a potential for the impairment of auditor independence in appearance when auditors provide non-audit services but no evidence of any impact on independence of mind. Copyright 2006 The Authors Journal compilation (c) 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
The quality school : managing students without coercion

"This should be required reading by every school administator, every teacher, every board member and all university faculty involved in the training of teachers. There is no doubt that we need to squeeze all blame, all coerion and all criticism out of any people-related business. Not until we realize that schools are in a people business will we ever be able to make meaningful changes. " --Dr. Albert Mamary, former superintendent of schools, Johnson City, New York
R&D, Knowledge Spillovers and Stock Volatility

Firms improve their know-how not only by innovations (producing new knowledge), but also by knowledge spillovers (learning from others). The objective of this study is to test for two major hypotheses developed from a theoretical model explaining the relationship between R&D, knowledge spillovers and stock volatility. Analytically, the model suggests that asymmetric information caused by R&D activities with uncertain future output increases stock volatility, even though dividends and consumptions remain unchanged. However, interfirm knowledge spillovers have a negative impact on stock volatility by reducing the degree of asymmetric information. Both hypotheses are supported by empirical evidence from this study.
SDN Based VxLAN Optimization in Cloud Computing Networks

Nowadays, cloud computing networks significantly benefit the deployment of new services and have become one infrastructure provider in the digital society. The virtual extensible local area network (VxLAN), which belongs to the network schemes to overlay Layer 2 over Layer 3, is one of the most popular methods to realize cloud computing networks. Though VxLAN partially overcomes the capacity limitation of its predecessor virtual local area network, it still faces several challenges like annoying signaling overhead during the multicast period and interrupted communication with a migrating virtual machine (VM). In this paper, we propose a new software defined network (SDN) based VxLAN network architecture. Based on this architecture, we address how we can deploy an intelligent center to enhance the multicast capability and facilitate the VM migration. Besides, we discuss the means to update the global information and guarantee the communication continuum. Finally, we use Mininet to emulate this SDN based VxLAN architecture and demonstrate effective load balancing results. In a word, this proposed architecture could provide a blueprint for future cloud computing networks.
Demographic Changes in Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae) Throughout the Laboratory Colonization Process

ABSTRACT The demographic changes in Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae) throughout laboratory colonization were characterized over the course of 11 generations. Four significant changes were determined. The first change was a reduction in the preoviposition period from the Gp to G1. The second was that wild female flies had difficulty ovipositing in an artificial substrate, yielding the lowest fecundity rates observed throughout the experiment. The third significant change was a decrease in longevity and life expectancy from Gp to G1, which then continued to decrease with successive generations. This resulted in a lab strain with high fecundity limited to a short period of oviposition. The last significant change was a reduction in larval and pupal weight. In addition, larval recovery decreased from Gp to G1 but displayed rapid recovery over the course of generations. There was no change in adult emergences for all generations, and flight ability increased with successive generations. These changes were correlated with demographic parameters, indicating that the increased investment in early age reproduction incurs costs such as a reduction in life expectancy or fecundity later in life. This trend was also correlated with an increase in early fecundity and reduction in the oviposition period.
The Determinants and Prospects of Economic Growth in Asia

This paper analyses Asia's growth experience in a broad historical and international context. East Asian countries grew faster than the rest of the world for four key reasons: they had substantial potential for catching up, their geography and structural characteristics were by- and large favorable, demographic changes worked in favor of more rapid growth, and their economic policies and strategy were conducive to sustained growth. Although the financial crisis of 1997 abruptly brought a halt to Asia's period of robust growth, there was little in Asia's fundamental growth strategy that inevitably led to the crisis. The key to the crisis was too much short-term capital flowing into weak and under-supervised financial systems. This suggests that with better financial management and a return to the core policies that resulted in rapid growth, the East Asian economies can again return to sustained growth. [O11, O40, O53]
Evolving Boolean Networks with Structural Dynamism

This short article presents an abstract, tunable model of genomic structural change within the cell life cycle and explores its use with simulated evolution. A well-known Boolean model of genetic regulatory networks is extended to include changes in node connectivity based upon the current cell state to begin to capture some of the effects of transposable elements. The evolvability of such networks is explored using a version of the NK model of fitness landscapes with both synchronous and asynchronous updating. Structural dynamism is found to be selected for in nonstationary environments with both update schemes and subsequently shown capable of providing a mechanism for evolutionary innovation when such reorganizations are inherited. This is also found to be the case in stationary environments with asynchronous updating.
Managing Risks in Distributed Software Projects: An Integrative Framework

Software projects are increasingly geographically distributed with limited face-to-face interaction between participants. These projects face particular challenges that need careful managerial attention. While risk management has been adopted with success to address other challenges within software development, there are currently no frameworks available for managing risks related to geographical distribution. On this background, we systematically review the literature on geographically distributed software projects. Based on the review, we synthesize what we know about risks and risk resolution techniques into an integrative framework for managing risks in distributed contexts. Subsequent implementation of a Web-based tool helped us refine the framework based on empirical evaluation of its practical usefulness. We conclude by discussing implications for both research and practice.
Comparative Costs of Competitive and Negotiated Underwritings in the State and Local Bond Market

COMPETITIVE BIDDING RATHER THAN sale by negotiation is the most frequent method of underwriting state and local government bonds. Generally, it is believed that the competition inherent in competitive bidding lowers municipal borrowing costs and provides some protection against connivance on the part of public officials. In recent years, however, the dramatic increase in volume of negotiated sales has rekindled a long-standing controversy in the municipal bond market over which underwriting procedure is least costly to the issuer. This paper examines empirically the comparative costs of competitive and negotiated underwriting arrangements in the municipal bond market in order to document the effects of underwriter procedure on net interest cost, underwriter spread, and reoffering yield. Additionally, attention is given to the role of issue size in determining competitive and negotiated underwriting costs.