Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Round Window Membrane Implantation with an Active Middle Ear Implant: A Study of the Effects on the Performance of Round Window Exposure and Transducer Tip Diameter in Human Cadaveric Temporal Bones

Objectives: To assess the importance of 2 variables, transducer tip diameter and resection of the round window (RW) niche, affecting the optimization of the mechanical stimulation of the RW membrane with an active middle ear implant (AMEI). Materials and Methods: Ten temporal bones were prepared with combined atticotomy and facial recess approach to expose the RW. An AMEI stimulated the RW with 2 ball tip diameters (0.5 and 1.0 mm) before and after the resection of the bony rim of the RW niche. The RW drive performance, assessed by stapes velocities using laser Doppler velocimetry, was analyzed in 3 frequency ranges: low (0.25–1 kHz), medium (1–3 kHz) and high (3–8 kHz). Results: Driving the RW produced mean peak stapes velocities (HEV) of 0.305 and 0.255 mm/s/V at 3.03 kHz, respectively, for the 1- and 0.5-mm tips, with the RW niche intact. Niche drilling increased the HEV to 0.73 and 0.832 mm/s/V for the 1- and 0.5-mm tips, respectively. The tip diameter produced no difference in output at low and medium frequencies; however, the 0.5-mm tip was 5 and 6 dB better than the 1-mm tip at high frequencies before and after niche drilling, respectively. Drilling the niche significantly improved the output by 4 dB at high frequencies for the 1-mm tip, and by 6 and 10 dB in the medium- and high-frequency ranges for the 0.5-mm tip. Conclusion: The AMEI was able to successfully drive the RW membrane in cadaveric temporal bones using a classical facial recess approach. Stimulation of the RW membrane with an AMEI without drilling the niche is sufficient for successful hearing outputs. However, the resection of the bony rim of the RW niche significantly improved the RW stimulation at medium and higher frequencies. Drilling the niche enhances the exposure of the RW membrane and facilitates positioning the implant tip.
Overadjustment Bias and Unnecessary Adjustment in Epidemiologic Studies

Overadjustment is defined inconsistently. This term is meant to describe control (eg, by regression adjustment, stratification, or restriction) for a variable that either increases net bias or decreases precision without affecting bias. We define overadjustment bias as control for an intermediate variable (or a descending proxy for an intermediate variable) on a causal path from exposure to outcome. We define unnecessary adjustment as control for a variable that does not affect bias of the causal relation between exposure and outcome but may affect its precision. We use causal diagrams and an empirical example (the effect of maternal smoking on neonatal mortality) to illustrate and clarify the definition of overadjustment bias, and to distinguish overadjustment bias from unnecessary adjustment. Using simulations, we quantify the amount of bias associated with overadjustment. Moreover, we show that this bias is based on a different causal structure from confounding or selection biases. Overadjustment bias is not a finite sample bias, while inefficiencies due to control for unnecessary variables are a function of sample size.
Compression Test and Energy Absorption of Polyurethane/Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes Foam Composites

This paper describes the effect of multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the properties, especially the strength properties of rigid polyurethane (PU) foams produced from palm oil based polyol (POP) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). The foam composites in the ratio of 1:1.1 (wt. %) mixed at speed 2000 rpm. The addition of MWCNTs into PU foam are varies from 0 wt. % to 3 wt. %. The properties evaluated were compressive strength, density and energy absorption. Compressive strength of PU foam composites with 0.5% of MWCNTs showed the highest value 1.162 MPa of compressive strength compared to other foam composites. It was proved by modeling displacement nodal magnitude using NX Software (version 8.5). The density was increased 15.69 % with addition of 0.5 % MWCNTs into the PU foam. Increasing the amount of MWCNTs in PU foam was found to improve the energy absorption from 22.89 J for pure PU to 24.53 J for foam composites with 3 % MWCNTs.
A direct visual servoing‐based framework for the 2016 IROS Autonomous Drone Racing Challenge

This paper presents a framework for navigating in obstacle‐dense environments as posed in the 2016 International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) Autonomous Drone Racing Challenge. Our framework is based on direct visual servoing and leg‐by‐leg planning to navigate in a complex environment filled with many similar frame‐shaped obstacles to fly through. Our indoor navigation method relies on the velocity measurement by an optical flow sensor since the position measurements from GPS or external cameras are not available. For precision navigation through a sequence of obstacles, a center point–matching method is used with the depth information from the onboard stereo camera. The guidance points is directly generated in three‐dimensional space using the two‐dimensional image data to avoid accumulating the error from the sensor drift. The proposed framework is implemented on a quadrotor‐based aerial vehicle, which carries an onboard vision‐processing computer for self‐contained operation. Using the proposed method, our drone was able to finished in first place in the world‐premier IROS Autonomous Drone Racing Challenge.
Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery Vascular Hyperintensity Topography, Novel Imaging Marker for Revascularization in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Background and Purpose— In acute arterial occlusion, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery vascular hyperintensity (FVH) has been linked to slow flow in leptomeningeal collaterals and cerebral hypoperfusion, but the impact on clinical outcome is still controversial. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between FVH topography or FVH-Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) pattern and outcome in acute M1-middle cerebral artery occlusion patients with endovascular treatment. Methods— We included acute M1-middle cerebral artery occlusion patients treated with endovascular therapy (ET). All patients had diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery before ET. Distal FVH-ASPECTS was evaluated according to distal middle cerebral artery-ASPECT area (M1–M6) and acute DWI lesion was also reviewed. The presence of FVH inside and outside DWI-positive lesions was separately analyzed. Clinical outcome after ET was analyzed with respect to different distal FVH-ASPECTS topography. Results— Among 101 patients who met inclusion criteria for the study, mean age was 66.2±17.8 years and median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was 17.0 (interquartile range, 12.0–21.0). FVH-ASPECTS measured outside of the DWI lesion was significantly higher in patients with good outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score of 0–2; 8.0 versus 4.0, P<0.001). Logistic regression demonstrated that FVH-ASPECTS outside of the DWI lesion was independently associated with clinical outcome of these patients (odds ratio, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.68; P=0.013). FVH-ASPECTS inside the DWI lesion was associated with hemorrhagic transformation (odds ratio, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.51; P=0.019). Conclusions— Higher FVH-ASPECTS measured outside the DWI lesion is associated with good clinical outcomes in patients undergoing ET. FVH-ASPECTS measured inside the DWI lesion was predictive of hemorrhagic transformation. The FVH pattern, not number, can serve as an imaging selection marker for ET in acute middle cerebral artery occlusion.
Secondary electron emission from plasma processed accelerating cavity grade niobium

The Secondary Electron Emission (SEE) is a phenomenon that causes the increase in the number of free electrons within the accelerator cavity, which can cause degradation in the cavity performance. Even though the phenomenon has been identified over a century ago, there are still no effective means of controlling it. Plasma processing of niobium (Nb) samples was shown to be an effective method to reduce the Secondary Electron Yield (SEY) and with recently developed experimental setup for processing the SRF cavities it may provide the method to improve the cavity performance. We have developed the experimental setup to study the SEY as a function of the location within the cavity. Specifically, the goal of this work was to determine the SEY of cavity grade niobium (Nb) as a function of the incident angle of the primary electron beam and the characteristic microstructures found within the SRF cavity. The characteristic surfaces/microstructure that were analyzed included the weld, heat affected zone, and areas away from the weld. The effect of processing with two different plasma chemistries (nitrogen (N2)) and a mixture of argon and oxygen (Ar/O2)) was also examined. The SEY of the analyzed samples was determined before and after plasma processing as a function of the primary electron energy. The SEY as a function of the incident angle of the primary electrons was tested on the samples treated with Ar/O2 plasma and energy distribution curves were determined. The results showed beneficial effects of plasma on the decrease of susceptibility and increase in uniformity of the SEY between characteristic surfaces of the sample. Specifically, the processing in nitrogen plasma resulted in reduced variation of the SEY during repeated exposure of a single measurement spot to the electron beam. Plasma processing of the samples in the Ar/O2 gas mixture leveled the SEY magnitude across the characteristic surfaces. However, the average SEY measured on the sample increased after plasma processing due to the air exposure of the samples.
Scheimpflug Densitometry After DMEK Versus DSAEK—Two-Year Outcomes

Purpose: To compare the course of Scheimpflug corneal densitometry (CD) after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) versus Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK). Methods: Fifty-four DMEK and 25 DSAEK cases without previous corneal surgery, complicated intraoperative or postoperative course, or vision-limiting ocular comorbidities were included. Pseudophakic eyes of age-matched subjects were recruited as controls (n = 20). Scheimpflug CD of the optically relevant zones (0–2 and 2–6 mm), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), endothelial cell density, and central corneal thickness were evaluated preoperatively and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Results: CD of the optical zone decreased from 34.4 ± 9.4 grayscale units (GSU) before to 19.2 ± 2.7 GSU at 24 months after DMEK. Respectively, CD decreased from 34.0 ± 13.4 GSU before to 21.2 ± 2.5 GSU at 24 months after DSAEK. Mean central CD in group 3 was 18.1 ± 1.3 GSU. Compared with DSAEK, DMEK cases showed lower central CD at 3 and 6 months (P ⩽ 0.012) but not at 12 and 24 months postoperatively. DSAEK showed higher CD values throughout the postoperative period compared with healthy controls (P < 0.001). DMEK showed higher CD compared with controls at 3, 6, and 12 but not at 24 months after surgery (P = 0.152). Postoperative BCVA was significantly better after DMEK for every examination time point. No difference in endothelial cell density was found between DMEK and DSAEK at any time point. Conclusions: DMEK showed lower CD and better BCVA compared with DSAEK in the first 6 postoperative months. Notably, although CD reached similar levels in the midterm after both DMEK and DSAEK, BCVA remained significantly better after DMEK.
Resampling Forgery Detection Using Deep Learning and A-Contrario Analysis

The amount of digital imagery recorded has recently grown exponentially, and with the advancement of software, such as Photoshop or Gimp, it has become easier to manipulate images. However, most images on the internet have not been manipulated and any automated manipulation detection algorithm must carefully control the false alarm rate. In this paper we discuss a method to automatically detect local resampling using deep learning while controlling the false alarm rate using a-contrario analysis. The automated procedure consists of three primary steps. First, resampling features are calculated for image blocks. A deep learning classifier is then used to generate a heatmap that indicates if the image block has been resampled. We expect some of these blocks to be falsely identified as resampled. We use a-contrario hypothesis testing to both identify if the patterns of the manipulated blocks indicate if the image has been tampered with and to localize the manipulation. We demonstrate that this strategy is effective in indicating if an image has been manipulated and localizing the manipulations.
Quantitative phase microscopy spatial signatures of cancer cells

We present cytometric classification of live healthy and cancerous cells by using the spatial morphological and textural information found in the label‐free quantitative phase images of the cells. We compare both healthy cells to primary tumor cells and primary tumor cells to metastatic cancer cells, where tumor biopsies and normal tissues were isolated from the same individuals. To mimic analysis of liquid biopsies by flow cytometry, the cells were imaged while unattached to the substrate. We used low‐coherence off‐axis interferometric phase microscopy setup, which allows a single‐exposure acquisition mode, and thus is suitable for quantitative imaging of dynamic cells during flow. After acquisition, the optical path delay maps of the cells were extracted and then used to calculate 15 parameters derived from the cellular 3D morphology and texture. Upon analyzing tens of cells in each group, we found high statistical significance in the difference between the groups in most of the parameters calculated, with the same trends for all statistically significant parameters. Furthermore, a specially designed machine learning algorithm, implemented on the phase map extracted features, classified the correct cell type (healthy/cancer/metastatic) with 81–93% sensitivity and 81–99% specificity. The quantitative phase imaging approach for liquid biopsies presented in this paper could be the basis for advanced techniques of staging freshly isolated live cancer cells in imaging flow cytometers. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A Study of the Oxidation of Fe1-xCox Alloys and their Resulting Magnetic Properties

Iron-cobalt (FeCo) and its various alloys have many applications where soft magnetic materials are needed, especially in high temperature applications. Recent research has looked into the nanocrystallization of amorphous alloys of FeCo and very briefly into the oxidation of FeCo nanoparticles and bulk materials. Attempts will be made to more carefully investigate the oxidation of FeCo and its alloys utilizing nanoparticles, and thin films with (100), (110), and (211) texture to observe the kinetics of oxidation. Thin film epitaxial relationships between the substrate and thin films have been determined, and this will be extended to the oxide and thin film. The role of alloying has been discussed, especially in the context of oxidation of FeCo. The composition of the oxide at different oxidizing temperatures is also proposed. FeCo-based nanoparticles have been analyzed to understand their change in magnetization and oxide phase as a function of temperature. The oxide thickness has been measured at various temperatures, along with the observation of a voided core. This research has been coupled with thin film work to show that the core gets richer in cobalt as oxidation progresses, with Fe acting as the mobile species. Oxygen may diffuse early in the oxidation, but only until a certain oxide thickness has been established. The oxidation kinetics seen in the nanoparticles is slower than that seen in thin films, and it has currently been analyzed to follow a logarithmic rate law at lower temperatures. To understand the formation of faceted nanoparticles, nucleation and growth has been modeled for both BCC and FCC systems showing the surface energy ratios necessary to produce different faceting of nanoparticles. It has been shown that the critical nuclei are the same as the growth shapes. To extend the basic science research into the applications field, thin film work on CoCrPt has been performed to achieve out-of-plane anisotropy in thicker films for use in a portable AGFM. While this has been achieved, further study is necessary to improve the remnant magnetization and make it more comparable to SmCo, which is the current standard. The magnetic properties have been measured as a function of temperature and film thickness to begin understanding the system better to produce the desired thin film properties for a biomedical sensor.
Modification of PET Fabric Using Tetrabutyl Titanate by Hydrothermal Method

fabric photocatalytic activity the Abstract : A thin layer of nano TiO 2 was deposited on PET fiber using tetrabutyl titanate by hydrothermal processing. The TiO 2 -loaded fiber was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric (TG) analysis. PET fabrics before and after treatments were also examined for the reflectance spectrum, tensile properties and water absorption. The results showed that pure anatase TiO 2 crystallite could be synthesized from tetrabutyl titanate aqueous solution. The thin film constituted by nano TiO 2 particles was grafted onto the fiber surface by chemical reaction. The onset decomposition temperature decreased but the endothermal and exothermal temperatures increased. As compared with the untreated fabric, the water absorbency of the TiO 2 -loaded fabric was slightly improved. Owning to the shrinkage of fabric size, the breaking load and tensile strain in warp and weft directions increased to some extent.
Predictive Value of Bronchoscopy in Assessing the Severity of Inhalation Injury

Inhalation injury is associated with severe pulmonary complications as inhaled products of combustion cause lung inflammation and loss of natural defenses. A bronchoscopic grading for inhalation injury has been proposed but has not yet been validated in burn patients. In this study, the authors evaluated whether bronchoscopic grading of injury clinically correlated with indices of gas exchange over the first 72 hours or predicted differences in hospitalization outcomes. They conducted a single-center retrospective review of all mechanically ventilated adults with suspected inhalation injury and thermal injury over an 18-month period. All recorded bronchoscopy examinations were reviewed and categorized injury according to the published abbreviated injury score (AIS 0: no injury, 1: mild, 2: moderate, 3: severe, and 4: massive injury). They also compared changes in oxygenation, airway pressures, chest radiograph findings, fluid administration, and early development of pneumonia and organ failure, by severity of inhalation injury according to the AIS. Thirty-two adult patients met inclusion criteria over the study period. This cohort was 69% male with a mean age of 44.5 ± 14 years and a mean % TBSA burn of 33.9 ± 17%. Of these 32 patients, 11 patients (34%) were classified as grade 0, 9 patients (28%) were classified as grade 1, 7 patients (22%) were classified as grade 2, and 5 patients (16%) were classified as grade 3. Measured carboxyhemoglobin levels increased significantly with higher AIS grade. Oxygenation indices were worse as grade worsened by 24, 48, and 72 hours. The incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome increased by grade of injury: 0, 22, 57, and 80%, respectively, at 24 hours (P < .01), and remained statistically different at 48 and 72 hours. After adjustment for age, % TBSA burn, and full-thickness component, severe inhalation injury (grades 2 and 3) was associated with an increased risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome at 24 and 72 hours, as well as ventilator days >21 days, and a trend toward multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and mortality. Better understanding of the relationship between inhalation injury and lung physiologic sequelae is a burn research priority. The bronchoscopic grading of inhalation injury moderately correlates with early indices of impaired gas exchange in this cohort and may be a promising tool for staging lower airway injury. Prospective studies should definitively answer whether AIS bronchoscopy staging predicts hospitalization outcomes in inhalation injury.
A Modular Low-Complexity ECG Delineation Algorithm for Real-Time Embedded Systems

This work presents a new modular and low-complexity algorithm for the delineation of the different ECG waves (QRS, P and T peaks, onsets, and end). Involving a reduced number of operations per second and having a small memory footprint, this algorithm is intended to perform real-time delineation on resource-constrained embedded systems. The modular design allows the algorithm to automatically adjust the delineation quality in runtime to a wide range of modes and sampling rates, from a ultralow-power mode when no arrhythmia is detected, in which the ECG is sampled at low frequency, to a complete high-accuracy delineation mode, in which the ECG is sampled at high frequency and all the ECG fiducial points are detected, in the case of arrhythmia. The delineation algorithm has been adjusted using the QT database, providing very high sensitivity and positive predictivity, and validated with the MIT database. The errors in the delineation of all the fiducial points are below the tolerances given by the Common Standards for Electrocardiography Committee in the high-accuracy mode, except for the P wave onset, for which the algorithm is above the agreed tolerances by only a fraction of the sample duration. The computational load for the ultralow-power 8-MHz TI MSP430 series microcontroller ranges from 0.2% to 8.5% according to the mode used.
KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WITH FOCAL SEGMENTAL GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a glomerulopathy primarily caused by podocyte injury that leads to focal adhesions formation between the glomerular tut and the visceral layer of Bowman capsule (1,2). h e global incidence of FSGS has been estimated at 8 cases/million/year, with 40-60% of patients developing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) within 10 to 20 years at er diagnosis (3,4). Nowadays, i ve forms of FSGS have been recognized – genetic, arising from multiple nuclear or mitochondrial gene mutations; adaptive, associated with disequilibrium in physiological load and glomerular i ltration surface; virus-associated; drug-induced; and primary (idiopathic)(5).
Prediction of Stress Relaxation of Fabrics with Increased Elasticity

The present study investigated stress relaxation in fabrics with increased elasticity. For prediction of the degree of stress relaxation the frequently used mechanical models reported in the literature were analyzed. The mechanical models which were used in this paper were: Maxwell's model, the two-component Maxwell's model, the modified model of standard linear solid, Alfrey's model and the three-component Maxwell's model with nonlinear spring for explaining the 1 hour relaxation curve and the 24 hour relaxation curve. The results of the study show that it is hard to precisely predict the value of stress after 24 hours using the model that was built up based on the 1 hour experimental curve. When comparing the experimental relaxation curve with the fitted curve from the mechanical model it is clear that the models with higher component values explain the experimental relaxation curve better. The weak point of those models was the high number of local minima which makes it difficult to find the global minimum.