Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individual cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled crossover pilot study

Purpose Estimates of insomnia in breast cancer patients are high, with reports of poor sleep lasting years after completion of cancer treatment. This randomized controlled crossover pilot study looked at the effects of individual cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (IND-CBT-I) on sleep in breast cancer survivors. Patients and methods Twenty-one participants were randomly assigned to either a treatment group (six weekly IND-CBT-I sessions followed by six weeks of follow up) or a delayed treatment control group (no treatment for six weeks followed by six weekly IND-CBT-I sessions). Of these, 14 participants completed the pilot study (six in the treatment group and eight in the delayed treatment control group). Results Self-rated insomnia was significantly improved in the treatment group compared to the waiting period in the delayed treatment control group. The pooled pre-post-IND-CBT-I analyses revealed improvements in self-rated insomnia, sleep quality, and objective measures of sleep. Conclusions These preliminary results suggest that IND-CBT-I is appropriate for improving sleep in breast cancer survivors. Individual therapy in a clinic or private practice may be a more practical option for this population as it is more easily accessed and readily available in an outpatient setting.
Unfractionated heparin dosing in young infants: clinical outcomes in a cohort monitored with anti‐factor Xa levels

Summary. Background: Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is a widely used anticoagulant. Current American College of Chest Physicians guidelines for infants extrapolated from adults recommend 28 U kg−1 h−1 of UFH to achieve an anti‐factor Xa level of 0.35–0.7 IU mL−1. Objective: To assess the profile of anti‐FXa‐based UFH dosing guidelines in infants. Patients/Methods: We included all infants aged < 6 months treated with per‐protocol intravenous UFH at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, over a 3.5‐year period. Results: Of 100 infants, 11% achieved sustained therapeutic anti‐FXa levels with current dose recommendations. Only 15% achieved target anti‐FXa levels within 24 h with per‐protocol dose escalations. Seventeen per cent of patients never achieved therapeutic anti‐FXa levels, despite up to 60 days of therapy and triple the recommended dose. The median dose needed to achieve therapeutic anti‐FXa levels in the remaining 83 infants was 33 U kg−1 h−1 (interquartile range, 30–36). Two in three infants had decreased thrombus size at completion of therapy and no thrombus progression/recurrence, and 11/100 infants suffered major bleeding. Without exclusion of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients, an activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of > 180 s was detected as a risk factor for major bleeding. Conclusions: UFH monitoring is challenging in infants. Despite their delay in reaching therapeutic anti‐FXa levels, infants monitored with the adult‐based anti‐FXa range have a high thrombus resolution rate, no thrombus progression, but a relatively high bleeding rate. Extreme APTT elevation may contribute to this bleeding risk, particularly in critically ill patients. Current UFH guidelines for young infants may still be inadequate, and laboratory methods with age‐appropriate ranges may be required to further improve clinical outcomes within this population.
Assessment of Anterolateral Rotatory Instability in the Anterior Cruciate Ligament—Deficient Knee Using an Open Magnetic Resonance Imaging System

Background In the clinical evaluation of the anterior cruciate ligament—deficient knee, anterolateral rotatory instability is assessed by manual tests such as the pivot-shift test, which is subjective and not quantitative. Hypothesis The anterolateral rotatory instability in an anterior cruciate ligament—deficient knee can be quantified by our newly developed method using open magnetic resonance imaging. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Eighteen subjects with anterior cruciate ligament—deficient knees and 18 with normal knees were recruited. We administered the Slocum anterolateral rotatory instability test in the open magnetic resonance imaging scanner and scanned the sagittal view of the knee. The anterior displacements of the tibia at the medial and lateral compartments were measured. Furthermore, we examined 14 anterior cruciate ligament—deficient knees twice to assess intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility and evaluated the difference and interclass correlation coefficient of 2 measures. Results In the anterior cruciate ligament—deficient knee, displacement was 14.4 ± 5.5 mm at the lateral compartment and 1.6 ± 2.3 mm at the medial compartment; in the normal knee, displacement was 0.7 ± 1.9 mm and —1.1 ± 1.2 mm, respectively. The difference and interclass correlation coefficient between 2 repeated measures at the lateral compartment were 1.0 ± 0.7 mm and . 98 for intraobserver reproducibility and 1.1 ± 0.7 mm and . 91 for interobserver reproducibility. Conclusion This method is useful to assess the anterolateral rotatory instability of the anterior cruciate ligament—deficient knee. Clinical Relevance This method can be used in the clinical assessment of anterior cruciate ligament stability, such as comparing studies of graft positions or 2-bundle anatomic reconstruction and the conventional 1-bundle technique.
Bereavement Events Among Elderly Men: The Effects of Stress and Health

Previous bereavement studies have focused on the loss of a spouse and have been limited to surviving women. Studies of the effect of the death of a friend or of male survivors remain sparse. This article reviews the literature on bereavement events as they relate to elderly men who have experienced the loss of a spouse, adult child, parent, sibling, or friends. Several psychoanalytic, cognitive and sociobiological theories are examined along with stress and health-related factors that are said to influence grief and mourning. The review of the literature indicates that health is particularly affected by stressful life events such as the loss of a spouse, child, parent, sibling, or friend, and that elderly men are at a disadvantage as evidenced by higher rates of psycho logical and physical disorders The necessity to extend research beyond present theories and to consider specific social supports as they buffer the impact of stress on the health of bereaved elderly men is discussed.
Close Galaxy Counts as a Probe of Hierarchical Structure Formation

The standard ΛCDM model predicts that the major merger rate of galaxy-size dark matter halos rises rapidly with redshift. The average number of close companions per galaxy, Nc, is often used to infer the galaxy merger rate; however, recent observational studies suggest that Nc evolves very little with redshift. Here we use a "hybrid" N-body simulation plus analytic substructure model to predict Nc directly. We identify dark matter subhalos with galaxies and show that the observed lack of close-pair count evolution arises because the high merger rate per halo at early times is counteracted by a decrease in the number of halos massive enough to host a galaxy pair. We compare our results to data compiled from the DEEP2, SSRS2, and UZC redshift surveys. Observed pair counts match our predictions if we assume a monotonic mapping between galaxy luminosity and the maximum circular velocity that each subhalo had when it was first accreted onto its host halo. This suggests that satellite galaxies are significantly more resilient to mass loss than are dissipationless dark matter subhalos. We argue that while Nc does not provide a direct measure of the halo merger rate, it offers a powerful means to constrain both the halo occupation distribution and the spatial distribution of galaxies within halos. Interpreted in this way, close-pair counts provide a useful test of galaxy formation processes on ~10-100 kpc scales.
The efficacy of metformin in pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A meta-analysis of clinical trials

Objectives: The role of metformin in the treatment of pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is controversial. Therefore, we evaluated whether the use of metformin during pregnancy in women with PCOS could reduce pregnancy-related complications. Research design and methods: MEDLINE was searched to retrieve relevant trials. In addition, reviews and reference lists of the retrieved articles were scanned for further appropriate studies. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of complications of pregnancy, which included early pregnancy loss (EPL), gestational diabetes (GDM), pre-eclampsia (PE), and pre-term delivery (PD). Results: In total, eight studies with 1106 patients were included. The pooled odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) of outcome for pregnant women with PCOS prescribed metformin were 0.32 (0.19–0.55) for EPL, 0.37 (0.25–0.56) for GDM, 0.53 (0.30–0.95) for PE and 0.30 (0.13–0.68) for PD. Conclusions: Metformin therapy throughout pregnancy decreased the OR of EPL, GDM, PE, and PD in pregnant PCOS women with no serious detrimental side effects.
Roads Policing: Current Context and Imminent Dangers

This paper will argue that roads policing is the public face of the police for many citizens, and thus, enjoys an elevated profile. Yet, the delivery of roads policing services requires urgent care and attention. As was the situation a century ago, potential and actual conflict with the driving public could be close at hand, as more reliance is placed on enforcement technology resulting in more vehicle movements being logged and more drivers becoming criminalised. Indeed, it will be contended that unless great care is taken, such could be the public disaffection with traffic law enforcement and monitoring policies that the legitimacy of the police itself could be challenged. After a brief update of recent developments concerning roads policing nationally and internationally, the second section will underline the ways in which roads policing provides a crucial service. Details follow of dangers lying in wait for the service if the pressing enforcement issues around roads policing are allowed to drift. Finally, some suggestions are outlined to help inform discussion of these matters that could simultaneously facilitate achievement of other key objectives of roads policing. Language: en
Tomato Ve disease resistance genes encode cell surface-like receptors

In tomato, Ve is implicated in race-specific resistance to infection by Verticillium species causing crop disease. Characterization of the Ve locus involved positional cloning and isolation of two closely linked inverted genes. Expression of individual Ve genes in susceptible potato plants conferred resistance to an aggressive race 1 isolate of Verticillium albo-atrum. The deduced primary structure of Ve1 and Ve2 included a hydrophobic N-terminal signal peptide, leucine-rich repeats containing 28 or 35 potential glycosylation sites, a hydrophobic membrane-spanning domain, and a C-terminal domain with the mammalian E/DXXXLφ or YXXφ endocytosis signals (φ is an amino acid with a hydrophobic side chain). A leucine zipper-like sequence occurs in the hydrophobic N-terminal signal peptide of Ve1 and a Pro-Glu-Ser-Thr (PEST)-like sequence resides in the C-terminal domain of Ve2. These structures suggest that the Ve genes encode a class of cell-surface glycoproteins with receptor-mediated endocytosis-like signals and leucine zipper or PEST sequences.
The impact of state affect on job satisfaction

Affective events theory proposes affective experiences at work to cause job satisfaction. Using multiple measurements obtained in a diary study, affective experiences in terms of state positive and state negative affect (PA, NA) were related to state job satisfaction (N = 91). Trait measures were also collected. Results confirmed our hypothesis. First, aggregated state job satisfaction is strongly correlated with trait job satisfaction. Second, the relationship between state affect and state job satisfaction is not spurious: State affect impacts on state job satisfaction even if trait affect and trait job satisfaction are controlled. Third, the effect of state affect on job satisfaction measured by the faces scale is stronger than the effect of state affect on job satisfaction measured by facet scales. It is concluded that not all scales to measure job satisfaction are equally appropriate to investigate affect at work.
Completely ruled out? Using response time data to investigate biconditional artificial grammar learning

Two experiments are reported on incidental learning using a biconditional artificial grammar (based on Johnstone & Shanks, 2001). Phonological repetition of rule-related letters was encouraged by requiring participants to write down and rehearse each training exemplar aloud for several seconds (Experiment 1). A cover story was introduced emphasising the relatedness of the two halves of each exemplar but without mentioning the rules (Experiment 2). Participants had no explicit knowledge of the rules and grammaticality classification was mostly at chance. Confidence judgements (Experiment 2) did not distinguish between numbers of correct and incorrect responses. The important finding was that response times were faster for grammatical than ungrammatical test exemplars. Results are discussed with reference to phonological phrasing, fluency, and competition between controlled and automatic processes.
Loneliness in later life: preliminary findings from the Growing Older Project

Loneliness is consistently presumed to be a specific ‘social problem’, which accompanies old age and growing older. Ninety per cent of the general population of Britain feel that loneliness is particularly a problem associated with old age. Data concerning the prevalence of loneliness amongst the population aged 65 and over are provided from a quantitative survey of 999 people across Great Britain using a special module commissioned from the ONS Omnibus survey. The overall self‐reported prevalence of loneliness shows little change in the post‐war period and challenges the stereotype that the problem of loneliness and isolation has become more prevalent. Socio‐demographic and health factors were associated with loneliness but contact with family and friends was not. Both quantitative and qualitative data sets illustrate the importance of loss as a theme underpinning experiences of loneliness. Further analysis of these data offers the potential to develop a better understanding of what loneliness really is, what it means to those who experience it may offer the potential to develop interventions and strategies to ‘protect’ older people from this problem.
Effect of PKCbeta on retinal oxygenation response in experimental diabetes.

PURPOSE To test the hypotheses that, in mice, breathing carbogen (95% O(2)-5% CO(2)) oxygenates the retina better than breathing 100% oxygen, the superior hemiretinal oxygenation response to carbogen inhalation is subnormal early in diabetes, and diabetes-induced elevation of retinal protein kinase C (PKC)-beta contributes to this pathophysiology. METHODS Retinal oxygenation response (DeltaPO(2)) was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and either carbogen or 100% oxygen inhalation challenge in C57BL/6J control (C) mice. Retinal DeltaPO(2) during carbogen breathing was also measured in PKCbeta knockout (C57BL6-Prkcb1; [KO]), 4 month C57BL/6J diabetic (D), and 4-month diabetic PKCbeta KO (D+KO) mice. Retinal PKCbeta protein expression was assessed by Western analysis. RESULTS In C mice, retinal DeltaPO(2) during carbogen breathing was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than during oxygen breathing. In D mice, DeltaPO(2) during carbogen breathing was significantly lower than normal in the superior, but not the inferior, hemiretina and was normal (P > 0.0 5) in the KO group. In the D+KO mice DeltaPO(2) was normal (P > 0.05) only at distances less than 1.5 mm from the optic nerve head. PKCbeta expression was elevated in the retina in diabetes (P < 0.05), but was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in D+KO mice. CONCLUSIONS The present study confirms that, in the mouse, retinal DeltaPO(2) patterns during different inhalation challenges or in the presence of diabetes are similar to what has been reported in rats. Diabetes-induced elevation of PKC appears to contribute only focally to subnormal retinal DeltaPO(2). This raises the possibility that PKC inhibition therapy may be only regionally effective in treating retinal pathophysiology associated with diabetic retinopathy.
‘Sometimes I am Spanish and Sometimes Not’: A Study of the Identity and Integration of Spanish Muslim Women

This article reports part of a wider investigation which is still being developed and analyzes in depth the lives of female university students who are both Spanish and Muslim. The first part of this research was published in the Revista Española de Educación Comparada, where the results of the study in Madrid are presented. Here, the second part of the research is presented: the outcomes in the Valencian Community, Ceuta and Melilla. The research focuses on the identity and integration of female Spanish Muslim university students in the society in which they were born and grew up. The situation in Ceuta and Melilla is analyzed, which is totally different than the situation in Madrid and the Valencian Community because of their history and location in the north of Africa, and because of the large Muslim population in both cities. Through a primarily qualitative methodology, complemented by the quantitative method, the research investigates which elements these women will include or exclude from their identities and which adaptation strategy (following Berry's model) they have selected to interrelate with their society. The primary data are taken from one-to-one interviews, group discussion sessions and surveys.
Comparison of two types of adult phantoms in terms of organ doses from diagnostic CT procedures

The rapidly increasing number of diagnostic computed tomography (CT) procedures in the recent decades has spurred heightened concern over the potential risk to patients. Although an accurate organ dose assessment tool has now become highly desirable, existing software packages depend on stylized computational phantoms that were originally developed more than 40 years ago, exhibiting very large discrepancies when compared with phantoms that are anatomically realistic. However, past comparative studies did not focus on CT protocols for adult patients. This study was designed to quantitatively compare two types of phantoms, the stylized phantoms and a pair of recently developed RPI-adult male and adult female (RPI-AM and RPI-AF) phantoms, for various CT scanning protocols involving the chest, abdomen–pelvis and chest–abdomen–pelvis. Organ doses were based on Monte Carlo simulations using the MCNPX code and a detailed CT scanner model for the GE LightSpeed 16. Results are presented as ratios of organ doses from the stylized phantoms to those from the RPI phantoms. It is found that, for most organs contained in the scan volume, the ratios were within the range of 0.75–1.16. However, the stomach doses are significantly different and the ratio is found to be up to 1.86 in male phantoms and 2.29 in the female phantoms due to the anatomical differences between the two types of phantoms. Organs that lie near a scan boundary also exhibit a significant relative difference in organ doses between the two types of phantoms. This study concludes that, due to relatively low x-ray energies, CT doses are very sensitive to organ shape, size and position, and thus anatomically realistic phantoms should be used to avoid the dose uncertainties caused by the lack of anatomical realism. The new phantoms, such as the RPI-AM and AF phantoms that are designed using advanced surface meshes, are deformable and will make it possible to match the anatomy of a specific patient leading to further improvement in dose and risk assessments for patients undergoing CT examinations.
Boundaries of Regulatory Fit: Is It the Thought That Counts?

The feeling of regulatory fit is thought to arise from the right kind of goal pursuit, but some studies imply that it may be evoked even by lesser involvement in the right kind of strategies. The present experiment explored the minimum of involvement necessary to evoke regulatory fit. Participants (N = 71) first completed a regulatory focus manipulation task and were then led to believe that they would receive either rich or accurate information concerning vegetable sterols, evoking beliefs that they used eager or vigilant information search strategies. In reality, all participants received the same information. Participants in promotion focus reported more positive attitudes in the rich information condition, whereas prevention-focused participants reported more positive attitudes in the accurate information condition. The results showed that regulatory fit can be evoked through mere thought, without actual goal pursuit and even without engagement in the goal pursuit strategies.
Understanding how chemistry helps can help : an experimental investigation of increasing women's motivation to pursue chemistry research

What social factors play a role in women’s interest in pursuing a scientific research career? Goal congruity theory posits that people pursue careers that fulfill important goals and values. Women may avoid pursuing chemistry, for example, because women tend to highly endorse communal goals (working with and helping others) and chemistry is viewed as unlikely to afford communal goals. Experiment 1 tested whether chemistry research is stereotyped as non-communal in nature. People rated an identical research task framed as either a “psychology” or “chemistry” task or no information was given. Unfortunately, the subtle manipulation of task frame failed to influence participants’ ratings of communal and agentic affordances of the task. Nevertheless, exploratory analyses of data that did not rely on the manipulation found that people who personally endorsed agentic goals reported more belongingness in science, and women who personally endorsed agentic goals reported more interest in scientific research. This project also tested if self-generating the communal and agentic applications of a science task increases motivation to pursue chemistry research, and if such connections are especially successful in eliciting research motivation among women (Experiment 2). The hypotheses were not testable because analysis of the manipulation check revealed that fewer than 51% of participants successfully self-generated condition appropriate items. Discussion centers on exploratory results and future directions.
Bayesian prediction of tissue-regulated splicing using RNA sequence and cellular context

MOTIVATION Alternative splicing is a major contributor to cellular diversity in mammalian tissues and relates to many human diseases. An important goal in understanding this phenomenon is to infer a 'splicing code' that predicts how splicing is regulated in different cell types by features derived from RNA, DNA and epigenetic modifiers. METHODS We formulate the assembly of a splicing code as a problem of statistical inference and introduce a Bayesian method that uses an adaptively selected number of hidden variables to combine subgroups of features into a network, allows different tissues to share feature subgroups and uses a Gibbs sampler to hedge predictions and ascertain the statistical significance of identified features. RESULTS Using data for 3665 cassette exons, 1014 RNA features and 4 tissue types derived from 27 mouse tissues (http://genes.toronto.edu/wasp), we benchmarked several methods. Our method outperforms all others, and achieves relative improvements of 52% in splicing code quality and up to 22% in classification error, compared with the state of the art. Novel combinations of regulatory features and novel combinations of tissues that share feature subgroups were identified using our method. CONTACT frey@psi.toronto. edu SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.