Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Power-Efficient and Fault-Tolerant Distributed Mobile Execution

Although battery capacities keep increasing, the execution demands of modern mobile devices continue to outstrip their battery lives. As a result, battery life is bound to remain a key constraining factor in the design of mobile applications. To save battery power, mobile applications are often partitioned to offload parts of their execution to a remote server. However, partitioning an application renders it unusable in the face of network outages. In this paper, we present a novel approach that reduces the power consumption of mobile applications through server offloading without partitioning. The functionality that consumes power heavily is executed in the cloud, with the program’s state checkpointed and transferred across the mobile device and the cloud. Our approach is portable, as it introduces the offloading functionality through bytecode enhancement, without any changes to the runtime system. The checkpointed state’s size is minimized through program analysis. In the case of a network outage, the offloading interrupts and the application reverts to executing locally from the latest checkpoint. Our case studies demonstrate how our approach can reduce power consumption for third-party Android applications. Transformed through our approach, the applications consume between 30% and 60% fewer Joules than their original versions. Our results indicate that portable offloading can improve the battery life of modern mobile applications while maintaining their resilience to network outages.
Relationship between hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia and renal severity in patients with lupus nephritis: a prospective study

Aim of the study The purpose is to evaluate the relationship between hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, nephrotic and renal severity in patients with lupus nephritis. Material and methods Autoantibodies and serological parameters were measured and analyzed in 429 patients with lupus nephritis in a single centre. Results The prevalence for anti-dsDNA, anti-nucleosome and anti-histone was higher in the nephrotic syndrome (NS) patients than that in non-NS patients (p < 0.0001 for all comparisons). The NS patients had a higher proportion of diffuse proliferative renal lesions (69.05%) and membranous lesions (68.00%). Serum total cholesterol and albumin levels were associated with activity and severity of renal disease. The levels of proteinuria and serum albumin were positively correlated with activity and chronicity index (p < 0.001 for all correlations). The incidence of a poor renal outcome (p = 0.0461) in the NS patients was significantly increased. On the other hand, the remission rate (p = 0.0002) was significantly reduced and recurrence rate (p = 0.0027) was significantly increased in NS patients. Conclusions This paper highlights that nephrotic-range proteinuria, elevated total cholesterol level and decreased serum albumin levels may reflect the activity and severity of renal damage in SLE patients.
Divisions of Research & Statistics and Monetary Affairs Federal Reserve Board , Washington , D . C . Is the Intrinsic Value of Macroeconomic News Announcements Related to their Asset Price Impact ?

The literature documents a heterogeneous asset price response to macroeconomic news announcements: Some announcements have a strong impact on asset prices and others do not. In order to explain these differences, we estimate a novel measure of the intrinsic value of a macroeconomic announcement, which we define as the announcement’s ability to nowcast GDP growth, inflation, and the Federal Funds Target Rate. Using the same nowcasting framework, we then decompose this intrinsic value into the announcement’s characteristics: its relation to fundamentals, timing, and revision noise. We find that in the 1998–2013 period, a significant fraction of the variation in the announcements’ price impact on the Treasury bond futures market can be explained by differences in intrinsic value. Furthermore, our novel measure of timing explains significantly more of this variation than the announcements’ relation to fundamentals, reporting lag (which previous studies have used as a measure of timing), or revision noise.
The Therapeutic Effect on Bone Mineral Formation from Biomimetic Zinc Containing Tricalcium Phosphate (ZnTCP) in Zinc-Deficient Osteoporotic Mice

The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of biomimetic zinc-containing tricalcium phosphate (ZnTCP) produced by hydrothermally converting calcium carbonate exoskeletons from foraminifera, in the treatment of osteoporotic mice. X-Ray powder diffraction showed crystallographic structures matching JCPDS profile for tricalcium phosphate. Mass spectroscopy used to calculate total composition amount showed similar amount of calcium (5×104 µg/g) and phosphate (4×104 ppm) after conversion and the presence of zinc (5.18×103 µg/g). In vitro zinc release showed no release in PBS buffer and <1% zinc release in 7 days. In vivo evaluation was done in ovariectomized mice by implanting the ZnTCP samples in the soft tissues near the right femur bone for four weeks. Thirty ddY mice (5 weeks old, average weight of 21 g) were divided into six experimental groups (normal, sham, OVX, β-TCP, ZnTCP and direct injection of zinc). CT images were taken every two weeks where the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were calculated by software based on CT images. The ZnTCP group exhibits cortical and cancellous bone growth of 45% and 20% respectively. While sham, OVX and β-TCP suffered from bone loss. A correlation was made between the significant body weight increase in ZnTCP with the significant increase in plasma zinc level compared with OVX. The presented results indicate that biomimetic ZnTCP were effective in preventing and treating bone loss in osteoporotic mice model.
The Effect of Different Recovery Duration on Repeated Anaerobic Performance in Elite Cyclists

Abstract This study investigated the effect of recovery duration on repeated anaerobic performance in elite cyclists. The study followed a cross-over design protocol. Twelve elite male cyclists were randomly assigned to three groups (with recovery duration of 1, 2 and 3 min, respectively). All the subjects performed 4 repeated Wingate tests (4 × 30 s WT) at 48 h intervals for three different recovery periods. No significant interaction was observed between the effects of recovery duration and repetition (p>0.05), whereas there was a significant main effect of repetition on peak power, mean power, and a fatigue index (p<0.05). Peak power decreased significantly in repeated WTs with 1 and with 2 min recovery duration (p<0.05), but it did not change significantly in a repeated WT with 3 min recovery (p>0.05). In contrast, mean power decreased significantly in repeated WTs with 1, 2 and 3 min recovery duration (p<0.05). The fatigue index increased significantly in a repeated WT with 1 min recovery duration (p<0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the fatigue index in repeated WTs with 2 and 3 min recovery (p>0.05). In a 4 × 30 s WT, peak power decreased in cycles with 1 and 2 min recovery duration, but remained unchanged with 3 min recovery duration, whereas mean power decreased in all recovery duration procedures. The WT with 1 min recovery duration caused greater fatigue. Although recovery duration affected both peak power and mean power, the effect on peak power was greater.
Long‐term persistence in climate and the detection problem

We have analyzed six recently reconstructed records (Jones et al., 1998; Mann et al., 1999; Briffa, 2000; Esper et al., 2002; McIntyre and McKitrick, 2003; and Moberg et al., 2005) of the Northern Hemisphere temperatures and found that all are governed by long‐term persistence. Due to the long‐term persistence, the mean temperature variations σ(m, L) between L years, obtained from moving averages over m years, are considerably larger than for uncorrelated or short‐term correlated records. We compare the values for σ(m, L) with the most recent temperature changes ΔTi(m, L) in the corresponding instrumental record and determine the year ic where ΔTi(m, L)/σ(m, L) exceeds a certain threshold and the first year id when this could be detected. We find, for example, that for the climatologically relevant parameters m = 30, L = 100, and the threshold 2.5, the values (ic, id) range, for all records, between (1976, 1990) for Mann et al. (1999) and (1988, 2002) for Jones et al. (1998). Accordingly, the hypothesis that at least part of the recent warming cannot be solely related to natural factors, may be accepted with a very low risk, independently of the database used.
Does procrastination mediate the relationship between optimism and subsequent stress

This study tested the hypothesis that an inverse relation between optimism and subsequent stress would be partially due to levels of procrastination. One hundred seventy-three students from a liberal arts university in Northern Wisconsin completed self-report measures of trait optimism, procrastination, and perceived stress, and returned six weeks later to complete the same measures. Results of an initial path analysis indicated that although Time 1 optimism contributed to the prediction of both Time 1 procrastination and Time 2 stress, level of procrastination at Time 1 did not significantly predict Time 2 stress. However, a second path analysis found that procrastination at Time 2 did partially mediate the relationship between Time 1 optimism and Time 2 stress. Taken together, these findings provide additional support for optimism as an important predictor of subsequent adjustment and suggest that, although procrastination is entwined with stress, it does not necessarily lead to increases in stress at a later point.
Promoted Relationship of Cardiovascular Morbidity with Air Pollutants in a Typical Chinese Urban Area

Background A large number of studies about effects of air pollutants on cardiovascular mortality have been conducted; however, those investigating association between air pollutants and cardiovascular morbidity are limited, especially in developing countries. Methods A time-series analysis on the short-term association between outdoor air pollutants including particulate matter (PM) with diameters of 10 µm or less (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and cardiovascular morbidity was conducted in Tianjin, China based on 4 years of daily data (2008–2011). The morbidity data were stratified by sex and age. The effects of air pollutants during the warm season and the cool season were also analyzed separately. Results Each increase in PM10, SO2, and NO2 by increments of 10 µg/m3 in a 2-day average concentration was associated with increases in the cardiovascular morbidity of 0.19% with 95 percent confidence interval (95% CI) of 0.08–0.31, 0.43% with 95% CI of 0.03–0.84, and 0.52% with 95% CI of −0.09–1.13, respectively. The effects of air pollutants were more evident in the cool season than those in the warm season, females and the elderly were more vulnerable to outdoor air pollution. Conclusions All estimated coefficients of PM10, SO2 and NO2 are positive but only the effect of SO2 implied statistical significance at the 5% level. Moreover, season, sex and age might modify health effects of outdoor air pollutants. This work may bring inspirations for formulating local air pollutant standards and social policy regarding cardiovascular health of residents.
Can we do useful industrial software engineering research in the shadow of lean and agile?

The software industry is rapidly changing from traditional ways of working to lean and agile development methods using self-organized feature development teams that are performing a much larger part of the development process than before. Face to face communication will replace many of the design artifacts used for work-in-progress, such as defect reports and feature system design specifications. This type of data will cease to exist when the feature is developed or the problem is solved, and will not be readily available to researchers. As a consequence, software engineering research in industry will have to rely primarily on participatory and observational methods.
Robust Wind and Precipitation Responses to the Mount Pinatubo Eruption, as Simulated in the CMIP5 Models

AbstractThe volcanic eruption of Mount Pinatubo in June 1991 is the largest terrestrial eruption since the beginning of the satellite era. Here, the monthly evolution of atmospheric temperature, zonal winds, and precipitation following the eruption in 14 CMIP5 models is analyzed and strong and robust stratospheric and tropospheric circulation responses are demonstrated in both hemispheres, with tropospheric anomalies maximizing in November 1991. The simulated Southern Hemisphere circulation response projects strongly onto the positive phase of the southern annular mode (SAM), while the Northern Hemisphere exhibits robust North Atlantic and North Pacific responses that differ significantly from that of the typical northern annular mode (NAM) pattern. In contrast, observations show a negative SAM following the eruption, and internal variability must be considered along with forced responses. Indeed, evidence is presented that the observed El Nino climate state during and after this eruption may oppose the e.
On methods to keep learning away from intractability

We investigate the complexity of learning from restricted sets of training examples. With the intention to make learning easier we introduce two types of restrictions that describe the permitted training examples. The strength of the restrictions can be tuned by choosing speciic parameters. We ask how strictly their values must be limited to turn NP-complete learning problems into polynomial-time solvable ones. Results are presented for Perceptrons with binary and arbitrary weights. We show that there exist bounds for the parameters that sharply separate eeciently solvable from intractable learning problems.
Dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithms for high-speed data wireless networks

Next-generation wireless networks are expected to support a wide range of high-speed data services, with Web browsing as one of the major applications. Although high data rates have been shown feasible in a single-user setting, the resource allocation issues that arise in a multiple-user context remain extremely challenging. Compared with voice, data traffic is typically more bursty, while the users are less sensitive to delay. These characteristics require resource allocation strategies to operate in a fundamentally different manner if the spectrum is to be used efficiently. In this paper we propose several algorithms for scheduling the efficient transmission of data to multiple users. As a new feature, the various schemes exploit knowledge of the buffer contents to achieve high throughput, while maintaining fairness by providing quality of service (QoS) to individual users. The proposed algorithms are backward compatible with existing cellular and personal communications services (PCS) standards such as IS-136. They provide a powerful approach to improving spectrum efficiency in forthcoming high-speed data cellular services. The extensive simulation experiments we present in this paper demonstrate that the algorithms significantly outperform conventional schemes.
Influence of dietary components on development of the microbiota in single-stomached species

Abstract After birth, development of a normal microbial community occurs gradually, and is affected by factors such as the composition of the maternal gut microbiota, the environment, and the host genome. Diet also has a direct influence, both on composition and activity of this community. This influence begins with the milk, when specific components exert their growth-promoting effect on a beneficial microbiota, thereby suppressing potential pathogens. For example, breast-fed infants compared with formula-fed babies usually have a microbial community dominated by bifidobacteria. When solid food is introduced (weaning), dramatic changes in microbial composition occur, so pathogens can gain access to the disturbed gastrointestinal (GI) ecosystem. However, use of specific dietary components can alter the composition and activity of the microbiota positively. Of all dietary components, fermentable carbohydrates seem to be most promising in terms of promoting proliferation of beneficial bacterial species. Carbohydrate fermentation results in the production of SCFA which are known for their trophic and health-promoting effects. Fermentation of proteins, on the other hand, is often associated with growth of potential pathogens, and results in production of detrimental substances including NH3 and amines. In terms of the GI microbiota, lipids are often associated with the antimicrobial activity of medium-chain fatty acids and their derivatives. The present review aims to provide deeper insights into the composition and development of the neonatal GI microbiota, how this microbiota can be influenced by certain dietary components, and how this might ultimately lead to improvements in host health.
Virial Masses of Black Holes from Single Epoch Spectra of Active Galactic Nuclei

We describe the general problem of estimating black hole masses of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) by calculating the conditional probability distribution of MBH given some set of observables. Special attention is given to the case where one uses the AGN continuum luminosity and emission line widths to estimate MBH, and we outline how to set up the conditional probability distribution of MBH given the observed luminosity, line width, and redshift. We show how to combine the broad-line estimates of MBH with information from an intrinsic correlation between MBH and L, and from the intrinsic distribution of MBH, in a manner that improves the estimates of MBH. Simulation was used to assess how the distribution of MBH inferred from the broad-line mass estimates differs from the intrinsic distribution, and we find that this can lead to an inferred distribution that is too broad. We use these results and a sample of 25 sources that have recent reverberation mapping estimates of AGN black hole masses to investigate the effectiveness of using the C IV emission line to estimate MBH and to indirectly probe the C IV region size-luminosity (R-L) relationship. A linear regression of log Lλ (1549 Å) on log MBH found that L1549 ∝ M. A linear regression also found that MBH ∝ LFWHM, implying a C IV R-L relationship of the form R ∝ L. Including the C IV line FWHM resulted in a reduction of a factor of ~1/3 in the error in the estimates of MBH over simply using the continuum luminosity, statistically justifying its use. We estimated MBH from both C IV and Hβ for a sample of 100 sources, including new spectra of 29 quasars. We find that the two emission lines give consistent estimates if one assumes R ∝ L for both lines.
Eigenvalue inequalities for mixed Steklov problems

We extend some classical inequalities between the Dirichlet and Neumann eigenvalues of the Laplacian to the context of mixed Steklov--Dirichlet and Steklov--Neumann eigenvalue problems. The latter one is also known as the sloshing problem, and has been actively studied for more than a century due to its importance in hydrodynamics. The main results of the paper are applied to obtain certain geometric information about nodal sets of sloshing eigenfunctions. The key ideas of the proofs include domain monotonicity for eigenvalues of mixed Steklov problems, as well as an adaptation of Filonov's method developed originally to compare the Dirichlet and Neumann eigenvalues.
Infusional high-density lipoproteins therapies as a novel strategy for treating atherosclerosis

High-density lipoproteins (HDL) have received considerable interest as a target for the development of novel anti-atherosclerotic agents beyond conventional approaches to lipid lowering. While a number of approaches have focused on modifying remodeling and expression pathways implicated in the regulation of HDL levels, an additional approach involves simply infusions of delipidated HDL. Several groups have advanced HDL infusions to clinical development with intriguing signs suggesting potentially favorable impacts at the level of the artery wall. The findings of early studies of infusional HDL therapies will be reviewed.
GPR56 Regulates Pial Basement Membrane Integrity and Cortical Lamination

GPR56 is a member of the family of adhesion G-protein-coupled receptors that have a large extracellular region containing a GPS (G-protein proteolytic site) domain. Loss-of-function mutations in the GPR56 gene cause a specific human brain malformation called bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria (BFPP). BFPP is a radiological diagnosis and its histopathology remains unclear. This study demonstrates that loss of the mouse Gpr56 gene leads to neuronal ectopia in the cerebral cortex, a cobblestone-like cortical malformation. There are four crucial events in the development of cobblestone cortex, namely defective pial basement membrane (BM), abnormal anchorage of radial glial endfeet, mislocalized Cajal–Retzius cells, and neuronal overmigration. By detailed time course analysis, we reveal that the leading causal events are likely the breaches in the pial BM. We show further that GPR56 is present in abundance in radial glial endfeet. Furthermore, a putative ligand of GPR56 is localized in the marginal zone or overlying extracellular matrix. These observations provide compelling evidence that GPR56 functions in regulating pial BM integrity during cortical development.
Prediction of response speed by anticipatory high‐frequency (gamma band) oscillations in the human brain

Response to a stimulus is faster when a subject is attending and knows beforehand how to respond. It has been suggested recently that this occurs because ongoing neuronal activity is spatially and temporally structured during states of expectancy preceding a stimulus. This mechanism is believed to mediate top‐down processing, facilitating the early grouping and selection of distributed neuronal ensembles implicated in ensuing sensory–motor processing. To validate this model, it must be shown that some features of this early ongoing neural activity are correlated with subsequent perceptual decisions or behavioral events. We investigated this hypothesis in an electrophysiologic study in 12 subjects carrying out a simple visuomotor reaction‐time task. Local field potentials (LFP) at each brain voxel were estimated using a linear distributed inverse solution termed “ELECTRA” for each single trial of each subject. The energy of oscillations for different frequency bands was computed for the period between the warning cue and visual stimuli by applying a time–frequency decomposition to the estimated LFP. A nonparametric correlation coefficient was then calculated between energy of oscillations and reaction times for each single sweep. Gamma band oscillatory activity in a frontoparietal network before stimulus onset significantly correlated with reaction time for a significant amount of subjects. These results provide direct evidence for the role of neural oscillations as a top‐down attentional control mechanism that mediates the speed of motor actions. Hum. Brain Mapping 24:50–58, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.