Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Qualification and Practice Settings of Dental Practitioners on Antimicrobial Prescribing in Delhi and National Capital Region, India

Background and Objectives: Inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing is highly reported in dentistry. The objective of the study was to see the effect of dental qualification and practice settings on antimicrobial prescribing practices among dental practitioners in Delhi and National Capital Region (NCR) of India. Materials and Methods: A self-designed and pretested questionnaire was given to 667 dental practitioners holding degrees of graduation, postgraduation, and those pursuing postgraduation, working in academic institutions and private clinics in NCR of India. Data were analyzed using statistical software Stata version 12.0. Chi-square and logistic regression tests were used for analysis. Results: Out of total 539 responded, 66.4% of the practitioners prescribed by brand name and 27.8% by generic name. Amoxicillin * clavulanic acid (27.4%) was the first choice. Only 26% of the practitioners asked for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Space infections (91.9%), impacted third molar extractions (89.7%), and periodontal abscess (88.1%) were the conditions where antimicrobials were most frequently prescribed. However, 60.9% and 53.3% of the practitioners also prescribed antimicrobials for acute pulpitis and dry socket, respectively. For prophylaxis in medical conditions, amoxicillin was the first choice. In case of history of allergy to penicillin, 52.3% of the practitioners prescribe erythromycin whereas 14.6% prescribe amoxicillin. The adverse drug reporting culture was negligible, and only 14.3% of the practitioners were aware of the Pharmacovigilance Program of India. Level of qualification had a significant effect on prescribing (P < 0.05). Interpretation and Conclusion: Frequent irrational prescribing of antimicrobials used in odontogenic conditions warrants an urgent and continued need for guidelines as well as educational intervention programs in dentistry. This will improve the quality of antimicrobial prescribing practices in dentistry.
Olfactory predator recognition: wallabies may have to learn to be wary

Many species modify their behaviour in response to the scents of their predators, but species or populations living without predators may lose such abilities. This loss has been suggested to be irreversible, and to constitute a significant hurdle in restoring historical ecosystems. Olfactory predator recognition was studied in two macropodid marsupials ‐ the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) and the red‐necked pademelon (Thylogale thetis). Both species are in the ‘critical weight range’ of Australian native mammals that have been negatively affected by the introduction of novel predators since European settlement. Predator‐naïve animals were tested by exposing subjects simultaneously to two feeders with either a predator or a herbivore faecal or urine sample beneath the food tray. The presence of predator olfactory cues beneath the feeder did not affect foraging behaviour or feeder use when compared to control stimuli (herbivore faeces or urine). Previous studies have found that predator‐experienced herbivorous marsupials modify their behaviour in the presence of predator scents. In contrast, our studies of predator‐naïve individuals found no evidence of such selectivity, suggesting that marsupial herbivores may have to learn to modify their behaviour in response to olfactory cues from predators. This implies that the loss of olfactory predator recognition may not be irreversible. Animals translocated from predator‐free areas could potentially be trained to recognise the smells of their predators.
Boosted decision tree analysis of surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectral serum profiles discriminates prostate cancer from noncancer patients.

BACKGROUND The low specificity of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test makes it a poor biomarker for early detection of prostate cancer (PCA). Because single biomarkers most likely will not be found that are expressed by all genetic forms of PCA, we evaluated and developed a proteomic approach for the simultaneous detection and analysis of multiple proteins for the differentiation of PCA from noncancer patients. METHODS Serum samples from 386 men [197 with PCA, 92 with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and 96 healthy individuals], randomly divided into training (n = 326) and test (n = 60) sets, were analyzed by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) mass spectrometry. The 124 peaks detected by computer analyses were analyzed in the training set by a boosting tree algorithm to develop a classifier for separating PCA from the noncancer groups. The classifier was then challenged with the test set (30 PCA samples, 15 BPH samples, 15 samples from healthy men) to determine the validity and accuracy of the classification system. RESULTS Two classifiers were developed. The AdaBoost classifier completely separated the PCA from the noncancer samples, achieving 100% sensitivity and specificity. The second classifier, the Boosted Decision Stump Feature Selection classifier, was easier to interpret and used only 21 (compared with 74) peaks and a combination of 21 (vs 500) base classifiers to achieve a sensitivity and specificity of 97% for the test set. CONCLUSIONS The high sensitivity and specificity achieved in this study provides support of the potential for SELDI, coupled with a bioinformatics learning algorithm, to improve the early detection/diagnosis of PCA.
The Journal of Speech - Language Pathology and Applied Behavior Analysis

s for Empirical Studies: Abstracts for empirical studies are also generally about 100 to 120 words in length. They should include the following information: • Problem under investigation (in one sentence) • Pertinent characteristics of participants (e.g., number, type, age, sex, genus and species) • Experimental method, including apparatus, data-gathering procedures, and complete test • Names and complete generic names and dosage and routes of administration of any drugs (particularly if the drugs are novel or important to the study) • Findings, including statistical significance levels • Conclusions and implications or applications Abstracts for Literature Reviews and Theoretical Articles Abstracts for review or theoretical articles are generally about 75 to 100 words in length, and they include the following information: • The topic (in one sentence) • The purpose, thesis, or organizing construct and the scope (comprehensive or selective) of the article • Sources used (e.g., personal observation, published literature) • Conclusionss for Literature Reviews and Theoretical Articles Abstracts for review or theoretical articles are generally about 75 to 100 words in length, and they include the following information: • The topic (in one sentence) • The purpose, thesis, or organizing construct and the scope (comprehensive or selective) of the article • Sources used (e.g., personal observation, published literature) • Conclusions
Determination of Elemental Composition of Malabar spinach, Lettuce, Spinach, Hyacinth Bean, and Cauliflower Vegetables Using Proton Induced X-Ray Emission Technique at Savar Subdistrict in Bangladesh

The concentrations of 18 different elements (K, Ca, Fe, Cl, P, Zn, S, Mn, Ti, Cr, Rb, Co, Br, Sr, Ru, Si, Ni, and Cu) were analyzed in five selected vegetables through Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique. The objective of this study was to provide updated information on concentrations of elements in vegetables available in the local markets at Savar subdistrict in Bangladesh. These elements were found in varying concentrations in the studied vegetables. The results also indicated that P, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, and Zn were found in all vegetables. Overall, K and Ca exhibited the highest concentrations. Cu and Ni exhibited the lowest concentrations in vegetables. The necessity of these elements was also evaluated, based on the established limits of regulatory standards. The findings of this study suggest that the consumption of these vegetables is not completely free of health risks.
Living with Gaucher disease: Emotional health, psychosocial needs and concerns of individuals with Gaucher disease

Gaucher disease (GD) is the most common hereditary lysosomal storage disorder. Of the three variants of GD, type 1 accounts for 90% of cases. Patients with GD suffer from multiple medical symptoms and conditions. Clinical features of type 1 GD include hepatosplenomegaly; hematologic complications such as anemia and thrombocytopenia; and skeletal disease leading to avascular necrosis, osteopenia, and osteosclerosis. GD has unique features as a chronic illness: the disorder often presents with mild symptoms, and is frequently diagnosed in later childhood or adulthood. The treatment, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), is efficacious. However, that same effective treatment is intrusive, expensive, and requires that patients restructure their work and personal schedules. Since the age of presentation can be anywhere between infancy and the eighth decade, the diagnostic process can be prolonged and stressful. The success of ERT notwithstanding, GD patients show distinct psychological complications [Packman et al. (2006); J Inherit Metab Dis 29:99–105]. In the present study, we describe the concerns, needs, challenges and positive effects of GD from the patients' perspective using in depth interviews of 28 individual affected by GD. Five core themes emerge: (1) difficulty coping with the diagnosis; (2) impact of pain on work, career, and recreational activities; (3) insurance concerns; (4) psychological distress (e.g., mood changes and anxiety); and (5) positive effects—strengthened family and social relationships and positive outlook. Our results highlight and expand awareness of the psychological and social needs of GD patients. This study calls for a collaborative, multidisciplinary effort in treating these patients and their families. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative digestion, rumen fermentation and kinetics of forage diets by steers and wethers.

Four rumen fistulated wether and beef steers were used to evaluate differences in dry matter digestibility (DMD) between cattle and sheep. They were fed either perennial ryegrass or switchgrass hay at an ad libitum or restricted level for four experimental periods. Significant ruminant species X forage and ruminant species X level of intake (P less than .05) interactions were observed for digestible dry matter. The steers digested the switchgrass 7 percentage units greater than the wethers while ryegrass was digested equally. Digestibility differences between the steers and wethers were 6 percentage units at the ad libitum level of intake and 1 unit at the restricted level of intake. Crude protein digestibility tended to be greater (P less than .10) for sheep with a 7 unit difference for switchgrass and a 3 unit difference for ryegrass. The mean ruminal solids retention time of the digesta was approximately (P less than .01) 50% greater (26.0 vs 17.4 h) in cattle, with no difference in ruminal liquid dilution rate (LD) between animal species. Total ruminal volatile fatty acid concentration differed (P less than .01) with level of intake; however, no influence due to intake on the molar proportion of acetate (P greater than .10) or propionate (P greater than .10) was evident in spite of a difference (P less than .01) in LD. Rumen pH (P less than .05) and osmolality (P less than .01) were affected by both level of intake and forage, with the ryegrass and high level of intake decreasing pH and increasing osmolality. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The moderating role of distress tolerance in the association between anxiety sensitivity physical concerns and panic and PTSD-related re-experiencing symptoms

Abstract The present investigation evaluated the moderating role of distress tolerance (DT) in the relation between the physical concerns (PC) dimension of anxiety sensitivity (AS–PC) and panic and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related re-experiencing symptoms in a nonclinical, undergraduate sample (n = 416; 300 females; M age=20.3 years, SD = 4.8). Consistent with prediction, there was a significant interactive effect between AS–PC and DT in regard to panic symptoms, such that greater AS–PC and low DT was associated with greater panic symptoms after controlling for the variance accounted for by negative affectivity and the respective main effects. However, contrary to prediction, AS–PC and DT did not significantly interact to predict PTSD-related re-experiencing symptoms. Also consistent with prediction, there was no interactive effect apparent for symptoms of depression or general anxiety, suggesting that the interaction between AS–PC and DT is specific to panic psychopathology.
Recent progress in freeze‐fracturing of high‐pressure frozen samples

Pancreatic tissue, bacteria and lipid vesicles were high‐pressure frozen and freeze‐fractured. In addition to the normal holder, a new type of high‐pressure freezing holder was used that is particularly suitable for suspensions. This holder can take up an EM grid that has been dipped in the suspension and clamped in between two low‐mass copper platelets, as used for propane‐jet freezing. Both the standard and the new suspension holder allowed us to make cryo‐fractures without visible ice crystal damage. High‐pressure frozen rat pancreas tissue samples were cryo‐fractured and cryo‐sectioned with a new type diamond knife in the microtome of a freeze‐etching device. The bulk fracture faces and blockfaces were investigated in the frozen‐hydrated state by use of a cryo‐stage in an in‐lens SEM. Additional structures can be made visible by controlled sublimation of ice (‘etching’), leading to a better understanding of the three‐dimensional organization of organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum. With this approach, relevant biological structures can be investigated with a few nanometre resolution in a near life‐like state, preventing the artefacts associated with conventional fixation techniques.
Luminous red galaxies in hierarchical cosmologies

Luminous red galaxies (LRGs) are much rarer and more massive than L* galaxies. Coupled with their extreme colours, LRGs therefore provide a demanding testing ground for the physics of massive galaxy formation. We present the first self-consistent predictions for the abundance and properties of LRGs in hierarchical structure formation models. We test two published models which use quite different mechanisms to suppress the formation of massive galaxies: the Bower et al. model which invokes 'active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback' to prevent gas from cooling in massive haloes and the Baugh et al. model which relies upon a 'superwind' to eject gas before it is turned into stars. Without adjusting any parameters, the Bower et al. model gives an excellent match to the observed luminosity function of LRGs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (with a median redshift of z=0.24 ) and to their clustering; the Baugh et al. model is less successful in these respects. Both models fail to match the observed abundance of LRGs at z= 0.5 to better than a factor of ≈2. In the models, LRGs are typically bulge-dominated systems with stellar masses of ≈2 × 10^11 h^−1 M⊙ and velocity dispersions of σ∼ 250 km s^−1 . Around half of the stellar mass in the model LRGs is already formed by z∼ 2.2 and is assembled into one main progenitor by z∼ 1.5; on average, only 25 per cent of the mass of the main progenitor is added after z∼ 1. LRGs are predicted to be found in a wide range of halo masses, a conclusion which relies on properly taking into account the scatter in the formation histories of haloes. Remarkably, we find that the correlation function of LRGs is predicted to be a power law down to small pair separations, in excellent agreement with observational estimates. Neither the Bower et al. nor the Baugh et al. model is able to reproduce the observed radii of LRGs.
Optimization of Multi-Way Join Queries for Parallel Execution

Most of the existing relational database query optimizers generate multi-way join plans only from those linear ones to reduce the optimization overhead. For multiprocessor computer systems, this strategy seems inadequate since it may reduce the search space too much to generate near-optimal plans. In this paper we present a framework for optimization of multiway join queries in multiprocessor computer systems. The optimization process not only determines the order and method in which each join should be performed, but also determines the number of joins should be executed in parallel, and the number of processors should be allocated to each join. The preliminary performance study shows that the optimizer usually generate optimal or near-optimal plans when the number of joins is relatively small. Even when the number of joins increases, the algorithm still gives reasonably good performance. Furthermore, the optimization overhead is much lesser compared to exhaustive search.
Supervised LogEuclidean Metric Learning for Symmetric Positive Definite Matrices

Metric learning has been shown to be highly effective to improve the performance of nearest neighbor classification. In this paper, we address the problem of metric learning for Symmetric Positive Definite (SPD) matrices such as covariance matrices, which arise in many real-world applications. Naively using standard Mahalanobis metric learning methods under the Euclidean geometry for SPD matrices is not appropriate, because the difference of SPD matrices can be a non-SPD matrix and thus the obtained solution can be uninterpretable. To cope with this problem, we propose to use a properly parameterized LogEuclidean distance and optimize the metric with respect to kernel-target alignment, which is a supervised criterion for kernel learning. Then the resulting non-trivial optimization problem is solved by utilizing the Riemannian geometry. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate the usefulness of our LogEuclidean metric learning algorithm on real-world classification tasks for EEG signals and texture patches.
Selection Effects on the Positioning of Genes and Gene Structures from the Interplay of Replication and Transcription in Bacterial Genomes

Bacterial chromosomes are partly shaped by the functional requirements for efficient replication, which lead to strand bias as commonly characterized by the excess of guanines over cytosines in the leading strand. Gene structures are also highly organized within bacterial genomes as a result of such functional constraints, displaying characteristic positioning and structuring along the genome. Here we analyze the gene structures in completely sequenced bacterial chromosomes to observe the positional constraints on gene orientation, length, and codon usage with regard to the positions of replication origin and terminus. Selection on these gene features is different in regions surrounding the terminus of replication from the rest of the genome, but the selection could be either positive or negative depending on the species, and these positional effects are partly attributed to the A-T enrichment near the terminus. Characteristic gene structuring relative to the position of replication origin and terminus is commonly observed among most bacterial species with circular chromosomes, and therefore we argue that the highly organized gene positioning as well as the strand bias should be considered for genomics studies of bacteria.
Adaptive Education for Students with Special Needs in the Inclusive Classroom

This article focuses on factors that promote the use of appropriate accommodations for children with disabilities in early childhood inclusive settings. It investigates the kinds of accommodations that were used with two children who were educated in two settings—a mainstream classroom, and a small unit in which the majority of children were on the autism spectrum. The study found that teaching assistants did not always foster social inclusion; that accommodations were not used consistently across the mainstream and specialised settings; and that planning time and training may be important ways to foster inclusionary practices. In addition, the high frequency of staff changes was noted, which may not be compatible with the demand for structure, routine and consistency that is commonly associated with children on the autism spectrum.
Role for p 27 Kip 1 in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration

Background—Rapamycin is a potent inhibitor of smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration. Rapamycinmediated inhibition of SMC proliferation is associated with upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27. Previously, we showed that mixed embryonic fibroblasts obtained from p27 ( /2) mice were relatively rapamycin-resistant, suggesting that p27 Kip1 plays an integral role in modulating the antiproliferative effects of rapamycin. We hypothesized that the antimigratory effect of rapamycin may also be mediated by p27 . Methods and Results—Rapamycin (1 to 10 nmol/L) inhibited basic fibroblast growth factor–induced migration of wild-type (WT) but not p27(2/2) SMCs in a dose-dependent manner ( P,0.05) in a modified Boyden chamber. The effects of rapamycin on aortic SMC explant migration were also studied with WT, p27( 1/ ), and p27(2/2) mice. Rapamycin 4 mg · kg 21 · d IP for 5 days inhibited SMC migration by 90% in the WT and p27 (1/2) (P,0.05) but not p27(2/2) animals. Conclusions—Lack of p27 Kip1 reduces rapamycin-mediated inhibition of SMC migration. These novel findings suggest a role for p27 in the signaling pathway(s) that regulates SMC migration. (Circulation. 2001;103:2967-2972.)
Novel turbo-equalization techniques for coded digital transmission

Turbo-codes have attracted an explosion of interest since their discovery in 1993: for the first time, the gap with the limits predicted by information and coding theory was on the way to be bridged. The astonishing performance of turbo-codes relies on two major concepts: code concatenation so as to build a powerful global code, and iterative decoding in order to efficiently approximate the optimal decoding process. As a matter of fact, the techniques involved in turbo coding and in the associated iterative decoding strategy can be generalized to other problems frequently encountered in digital communications. This results in a so-called turbo principle. A famous application of the latter principle is the communication scheme referred to as turbo-equalization: when considering coded transmission over a frequency-selective channel, it enables to jointly and efficiently perform the equalization and decoding tasks required at the receiver. This leads by the way to significant performance improvement with regard to conventional disjoint approaches. In this context, the purpose of the present thesis is the derivation and the performance study of novel digital communication receivers, which perform iterative joint detection and decoding by means of the turbo principle. The binary turbo-equalization scheme is considered as a starting point, and improved in several ways, which are detailed throughout this work. Emphasis is always put on the performance analysis of the proposed communication systems, so as to reach insight about their behavior. Practical considerations are also taken into account, in order to provide realistic, tractable, and efficient solutions.