Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Atrial fibrillation epidemic and hospitalizations: how to turn the rising tide?

Numerous countries worldwide are facing the major challenge of rising healthcare expenditure, a concern driven particularly by advancing medical treatments and aging population structures. In the United States over the past 50 years, increasing national healthcare expenditure has consistently outpaced growth in real gross domestic product per capita, exceeding every other country to peak at 18% of the gross domestic product in 2012.1 Given that hospitals are the largest contributor to each dollar spent on health care, the characterization of hospitalization trends is a logical first step in identifying possible opportunities to intervene and slow the rising demands on healthcare systems. Article see p 2371 It is in this context that Patel and colleagues describe contemporary trends of hospitalizations for atrial fibrillation (AF) in the current issue of Circulation . 2 An increasing number of recent studies have highlighted the emergence of AF as a growing epidemic.3,4 Although the morbidity and mortality associated with this most common arrhythmia has been increasingly well characterized, few studies have comprehensively described the effect of rising AF rates on hospital use on a national scale. Using data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, Patel and colleagues therefore characterized the trend of hospitalization rates for AF in the United States from 2000 to 2010. They found an overall 23% growth in AF hospitalizations, importantly noting that the increase was particularly prominent in elderly patients. More than two-thirds of the patients were >65 years of age, and those >80 years of age had an exponential increase in hospitalization rates (9361 per million in 2001 to 11 045 per million in 2010). Furthermore, despite a static mean length of stay and declining in-hospital mortality associated with AF hospitalizations, inflation-adjusted costs from these hospitalizations rose from $6410 in 2001 to $8439 in 2010. As a …
Differential Selectivity of Natural and Synthetic Aminoglycosides towards the Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Decoding A Sites

The lack of absolute prokaryotic selectivity of natural antibiotics is widespread and is a significant clinical problem. The use of this disadvantage of aminoglycoside antibiotics for the possible treatment of human genetic diseases is extremely challenging. Here, we have used a combination of biochemical and structural analysis to compare and contrast the molecular mechanisms of action and the structure–activity relationships of a new synthetic aminoglycoside, NB33, and a structurally similar natural aminoglycoside apramycin. The data presented herein demonstrate the general molecular principles that determine the decreased selectivity of apramycin for the prokaryotic decoding site, and the increased selectivity of NB33 for the eukaryotic decoding site. These results are therefore extremely beneficial for further research on both the design of new aminoglycoside‐based antibiotics with diminished deleterious effects on humans, as well as the design of new aminoglycoside‐based structures that selectively target the eukaryotic ribosome.
Adjunctive treatment with mianserin enhances effects of raclopride on cortical dopamine output and, in parallel, its antipsychotic-like effect

Clinical studies indicate that adjunctive treatment with the antidepressant drug mianserin, a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2A/C receptor antagonist and an α2- and α1-adrenoceptor antagonist, may enhance the effect of conventional antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia, in particular on negative symptoms such as withdrawal retardation, akathisia, and some aspects of cognitive impairment. Here, we have examined the effect of mianserin in combination with the selective dopamine (DA) D2/3 receptor antagonist raclopride on conditioned avoidance response (CAR), a preclinical test of antipsychotic efficacy with high predictive validity; catalepsy, a preclinical test of extrapyramidal side effect liability; and DA output in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the nucleus accumbens (NAC), respectively. Mianserin (5 mg/kg intraperitoneal) significantly enhanced the suppressant effect of a low dose of raclopride (0.1 mg/kg subcutaneous) on CAR without any increase in catalepsy. Administration of raclopride to rats pretreated with mianserin resulted in a large enhancement of DA output in the mPFC and, at the same time, a small but significant reduction in the raclopride-induced DA output in the NAC. These experimental results indicate that adjunctive treatment with mianserin to a typical D2 antagonist generates an atypical antipsychotic profile.
The New Interference Alignment Scheme for the MIMO Interference Channel

In this paper, we propose a new interference alignment (IA) scheme designing jointly the linear transmitter and receiver for the MIMO interference channel system, using minimum total mean square error criterion, subject to individual transmit power constraints. We show that transmitter and receiver under such criterion could be realized through a joint iterative algorithm. The convergence of the proposed algorithm is discussed. We also proposed a robust MMSE-based iterative design with imperfect channel state information (CSI). The proposed robust MMSE-based iterative interference alignment scheme is shown to be less sensitive to channel estimation errors. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes outperform the existing IA schemes with fast convergence.
Weight gain associated with increased food intake and low habitual activity levels in male adolescent schizophrenic inpatients treated with olanzapine.

OBJECTIVE The authors studied weight gain mechanisms and energy balance in patients treated with olanzapine. METHOD The body mass index of male schizophrenic adolescent inpatients treated with olanzapine (N=10) and of 10 matched patients treated with haloperidol (N=10) were measured at baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment. For the patients treated with olanzapine, caloric intake, resting energy expenditure, and physical activity (determined through accelerometry and heart rate monitoring) were assessed at baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment. RESULTS Body mass index significantly increased in those treated with olanzapine but not in those given haloperidol. The increase in body mass index was due to an increase in caloric intake without change in diet composition. Olanzapine had no significant effect on resting energy expenditure. Daily energy expenditure was very low before and after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Olanzapine-induced weight gain is associated with a general increase in caloric intake.
Initiator Elements Function to Determine the Activity State of BX-C Enhancers

A >300 kb cis-regulatory region is required for the proper expression of the three bithorax complex (BX-C) homeotic genes. Based on genetic and transgenic analysis, a model has been proposed in which the numerous BX-C cis-regulatory elements are spatially restricted through the activation or repression of parasegment-specific chromatin domains. Particular early embryonic enhancers, called initiators, have been proposed to control this complex process. Here, in order to better understand the process of domain activation, we have undertaken a systematic in situ dissection of the iab-6 cis-regulatory domain using a new method, called InSIRT. Using this method, we create and genetically characterize mutations affecting iab-6 function, including mutations specifically modifying the iab-6 initiator. Through our mutagenesis of the iab-6 initiator, we provide strong evidence that initiators function not to directly control homeotic gene expression but rather as domain control centers to determine the activity state of the enhancers and silencers within a cis-regulatory domain.
An Investigation of the Validity of the MMPI-2 Response Bias Scale Using an Analog Simulation Design

This study evaluated a measure of feigned cognitive symptoms, the MMPI-2 Response Bias Scale (RBS), using an analog simulation design. A total of 81 participants were randomly allocated to one of two conditions: simulation (n = 40) or control (n = 41). Simulators were instructed to feign memory impairment. All participants completed an abbreviated form of the MMPI-2, Warrington's Word Recognition Memory test, and the Test of Memory Malingering. MMPI-2 data were used to calculate the RBS, F, K. FBS scores were prorated. Significant group differences were found on all measures. The effect size of group differences was largest for the RBS (d = 2.52) compared to the prorated FBS (d = 2.11), F (d = 1.31), and K (d = 0.85). Despite strong significant correlations between MMPI-2 scores, the RBS added incrementally to the other validity indicators in the prediction of group membership. The results from this RBS simulation study are consistent with several previous known-groups evaluations, which suggest that this scale is a useful indicator of negative response bias associated with exaggerated memory impairment.
A model‐based comparison of extreme winds in the Arctic and around Greenland

This paper compares extreme value statistics of daily maximum 10 m wind speed in winter simulated by the regional climate model COSMO‐CLM at a horizontal resolution of 15 km (C15) with the reanalyses ERA‐Interim and Arctic System reanalysis (ASR version 1 and 2) and with a satellite data set (CCMPv2). Our C15 simulation (1979/1980–2015/2016, November–April) is thereby the longest high‐resolution simulation available for the Arctic. The results show that the extreme wind speeds tend to increase over the ocean with increasing the horizontal model resolution. A horizontal resolution of ≤15 km is required to sufficiently capture all extreme wind characteristics, in particular for the tip jets and barrier winds over the Irminger Sea and in the Denmark Strait, and for the low‐level jets in the Nares Strait. Of almost equal importance are physical parameterizations of surface fluxes and of turbulence. Capturing extreme wind characteristics has a direct effect on climate relevant air–ice–ocean interactions, such as triggering open‐ocean deep convection, polynya dynamics, or on the sea ice and freshwater balance of the Arctic.
Escherichia coli succinate dehydrogenase variant lacking the heme b

The Escherichia coli enzyme succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase [(succinate dehydrogenase (SdhCDAB)] couples succinate oxidation to ubiquinone reduction and is structurally and functionally equivalent to mitochondrial complex II, an essential component of the aerobic respiratory chain and tricarboxylic acid cycle. All such enzymes contain a heme within their membrane anchor domain with a highly contentious, but as-yet-undetermined, function. Here, we report the generation of a complex II that lacks heme, which is confirmed by both optical and EPR spectroscopy. Despite the absence of heme, this mutant still assembles properly and retains physiological activity. However, the mutants lacking heme are highly sensitive to the presence of detergent. In addition, the heme does not appear to be involved in reactive oxygen species suppression. Our results indicate that redox cycling of the heme in complex II is not essential for the enzyme's ubiquinol reductase activity.
Predictive modelling of football injuries

The goal of this thesis is to investigate the potential of predictive modelling for football injuries. This work was conducted in close collaboration with Tottenham Hotspurs FC (THFC), the PGA European tour and the participation of Wolverhampton Wanderers (WW). Three investigations were conducted: 1. Predicting the recovery time of football injuries using the UEFA injury recordings: The UEFA recordings is a common standard for recording injuries in professional football. For this investigation, three datasets of UEFA injury recordings were available. Different machine learning algorithms were used in order to build a predictive model. The performance of the machine learning models is then improved by using feature selection conducted through correlation-based subset feature selection and random forests. 2. Predicting injuries in professional football using exposure records: The relationship between exposure (in training hours and match hours) in professional football athletes and injury incidence was studied. A common problem in football is understanding how the training schedule of an athlete can affect the chance of him getting injured. The task was to predict the number of days a player can train before he gets injured. 3. Predicting intrinsic injury incidence using in-training GPS measurements: A significant percentage of football injuries can be attributed to overtraining and fatigue. GPS data collected during training sessions might provide indicators of fatigue, or might be used to detect very intense training sessions which can lead to overtraining. This research used GPS data gathered during training sessions of the first team of THFC, in order to predict whether an injury would take place during a week.
Genus Apodemus in the Pleistocene of Central Europe: when did the extant taxa appear?

Abstract The extant species of the genus Apodemus represent the most common small mammals of Central Europe. Unfortunately, their phylogenetic past is only poorly known. With the aid of detailed biometric analyses we tried to identify the first appearance of the phenotypic patterns characterizing the extant populations. We examined dental material of Apodemus from 53 community samples from the territory of the Czech Republic and Slovakia dated from the early Villanyian (MN 16/17) to the late Middle Pleistocene (Q 3) with particular respect to their correspondence with the morphometric characteristics of the extant species. While the Toringian (Q 3) interglacial samples invariably include forms identical with the extant taxa A. flavicollis, A. sylvaticus and supposedly A. uralensis (including the items corresponding to A. maastrichtiensis), the samples of Early Pleistocene age (MN 17 – Q 2) exhibited clear differences in the variation pattern which results in questioning the possibility of their co-identification with the respective extant species. In most instances they varied within the limits in resembling A. sylvaticus but exceeded its variation ranges in some non-metric characters. Regarding serious doubts on real taxonomic status of other named fossil species we propose to denote these Plio-Pleistocene sylvaticus-like phenotypes provisionally with the prior name A. atavus Heller, 1936.
An Adaptive Parallel Pipeline Pattern for Grids

We show in this paper how to evaluate the performance of skeleton-based high level parallel programs. Since many applications follow some commonly used algorithmic skeletons, we identify such skeletons and model them with process algebra in order to get relevant information about the performance of the application, and be able to take some “good” scheduling decisions. This concept is illustrated through the case study of the Pipeline skeleton, and a tool which generates automatically a set of models and solves them is presented. Some numerical results are provided, proving the efficiency of this approach.
TextPursuits: using text for pursuits-based interaction and calibration on public displays

In this paper we show how reading text on large display can be used to enable gaze interaction in public space. Our research is motivated by the fact that much of the content on public displays includes text. Hence, researchers and practitioners could greatly benefit from users being able to spontaneously interact as well as to implicitly calibrate an eye tracker while simply reading this text. In particular, we adapt Pursuits, a technique that correlates users' eye movements with moving on-screen targets. While prior work used abstract objects or dots as targets, we explore the use of Pursuits with text (read-and-pursue). Thereby we address the challenge that eye movements performed while reading interfere with the pursuit movements. Results from two user studies (N=37) show that Pursuits with text is feasible and can achieve similar accuracy as non text-based pursuit approaches. While calibration is less accurate, it integrates smoothly with reading and allows areas of the display the user is looking at to be identified.
Short‐Term Phytoplankton Dynamics During Typhoon Season in and Near the Pearl River Estuary, South China Sea

The effect on phytoplankton dynamics of nutrient inputs from rivers within the highly eutrophic Pearl River Estuary (PRE) in China is well understood. However, the role that typhoons play in enhancing or reducing phytoplankton blooms is less well known. The primary factors controlling phytoplankton dynamics in the PRE in June–July 2009 were determined by coupling satellite remote sensing data with field observations during two successive typhoons: Nangka and Soudelor. The results revealed that the magnitude of chlorophyll a concentration (Chl) near the PRE was controlled by several key factors. (1) Vertical mixing of seawater induced by Typhoons Nangka and Soudelor led to a sudden decrease in Chl and phytoplankton abundance near the PRE, especially in picophytoplankton. (2) Following the typhoon events, increased nutrient availability associated with significant freshwater runoff promoted phytoplankton (especially Synechococcus) growth, recovery, and blooms in and near the PRE. (3) Increased freshwater input or easterly winds enhanced the extension of highly abundant phytoplankton with brackish water from the estuary into the adjacent nearshore water. (4) Phycocyanin‐rich Synechococcus was endemic and a dominant picophytoplankton group in the estuarial brackish water. We propose a mechanism that describes the interactions of vertical mixing, terrestrial precipitation, freshwater discharge, nutrient inputs, and winds on short‐term phytoplankton dynamics in and near the PRE during typhoon season.
Effect of planting geometry and fertilizer levels on Yellow Sarson (Brassica rapa var. trilocularis) under rainfed condition

A field experiment on different planting geometries viz., uniform row at 20, and 30 cm apart (G1 and G2), border row (3:1) at 20, and 30 cm apart (G3 and G4), and border row at 20 and 30 cm, and replacement with coriander in skipped row (G5 and G6) along with two levels of fertilizers (60-30-30 (F1), and 90-45-45 (F2) N, P2O5, and K2O kg/ha) carried out during Rabi, 2011-2012 at Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, India revealed that different growth, and yield attributes except for 1000 seed weight, border row spaced at 20 cm, and replacement with coriander in the skipped row (G5) proved to be superior in comparison to other planting geometries. In case of seed yield, the highest value was recorded for border method spaced at 20 cm rows (G3). However, the stover yield was highest with uniform row spaced at 20 cm (G1). Highest oil content and oil yield was recorded in case of G3. The two levels of fertilizer did not influence plant characters. Though, the lower level of fertilizers (F1) recorded higher oil content but the oil yield was recorded higher with the higher level (F2). Higher uptake values of N, P, and K were recorded with planting geometry, G5, and with higher level of fertilizers (F2). In terms of benefit; cost ratio, border method spaced at 20 cm (G3) with lower level of fertilizers (F1) was found to be better than other treatments.
Sparse reconstruction via the Reed-Muller Sieve

This paper introduces the Reed Muller Sieve, a deterministic measurement matrix for compressed sensing. The columns of this matrix are obtained by exponentiating codewords in the quaternary second order Reed Muller code of length N. For k = O(N), the Reed Muller Sieve improves upon prior methods for identifying the support of a k-sparse vector by removing the requirement that the signal entries be independent. The Sieve also enables local detection; an algorithm is presented with complexity N2 logN that detects the presence or absence of a signal at any given position in the data domain without explicitly reconstructing the entire signal. Reconstruction is shown to be resilient to noise in both the measurement and data domains; the ℓ2/ℓ2 error bounds derived in this paper are tighter than the ℓ2/ℓ1 bounds arising from random ensembles and the ℓ1/ℓ1 bounds arising from expander-based ensembles.
Allopregnanolone in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis modulates contextual fear in rats

Trauma- and stress-related disorders are among the most common types of mental illness affecting the U.S. population. For many of these disorders, there is a striking sex difference in lifetime prevalence; for instance, women are twice as likely as men to be affected by posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Gonadal steroids and their metabolites have been implicated in sex differences in fear and anxiety. One example, allopregnanolone (ALLO), is a neuroactive metabolite of progesterone that allosterically enhances GABAA receptor activity and has anxiolytic effects. Like other ovarian hormones, it not only occurs at different levels in males and females but also fluctuates over the female reproductive cycle. One brain structure that may be involved in neuroactive steroid regulation of fear and anxiety is the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). To explore this question, we examined the consequences of augmenting or reducing ALLO activity in the BNST on the expression of Pavlovian fear conditioning in rats. In Experiment 1, intra-BNST infusions of ALLO in male rats suppressed freezing behavior (a fear response) to the conditioned context, but did not influence freezing to a discrete tone conditioned stimulus (CS). In Experiment 2, intra-BNST infusion of either finasteride (FIN), an inhibitor of ALLO synthesis, or 17-phenyl-(3α,5α)-androst-16-en-3-ol, an ALLO antagonist, in female rats enhanced contextual freezing; neither treatment affected freezing to the tone CS. These findings support a role for ALLO in modulating contextual fear via the BNST and suggest that sex differences in fear and anxiety could arise from differential steroid regulation of BNST function. The susceptibility of women to disorders such as PTSD may be linked to cyclic declines in neuroactive steroid activity within fear circuitry.