Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The structure of DNA by direct imaging

The DNA helix and its internal structures were directly imaged; characteristic lengths and inner components were measured and reported. The structure of DNA was determined in 1953 by x-ray fiber diffraction. Several attempts have been made to obtain a direct image of DNA with alternative techniques. The direct image is intended to allow a quantitative evaluation of all relevant characteristic lengths present in a molecule. A direct image of DNA, which is different from diffraction in the reciprocal space, is difficult to obtain for two main reasons: the intrinsic very low contrast of the elements that form the molecule and the difficulty of preparing the sample while preserving its pristine shape and size. We show that through a preparation procedure compatible with the DNA physiological conditions, a direct image of a single suspended DNA molecule can be obtained. In the image, all relevant lengths of A-form DNA are measurable. A high-resolution transmission electron microscope that operates at 80 keV with an ultimate resolution of 1.5 Å was used for this experiment. Direct imaging of a single molecule can be used as a method to address biological problems that require knowledge at the single-molecule level, given that the average information obtained by x-ray diffraction of crystals or fibers is not sufficient for detailed structure determination, or when crystals cannot be obtained from biological molecules or are not sufficient in understanding multiple protein configurations.
Stress that Doesn't Pay: The Commuting Paradox

People spend a lot of time commuting and often find it a burden. According to economics, the burden of commuting is chosen when compensated either on the labor or on the housing market so that individuals’ utility is equalized. However, in a direct test of this strong notion of equilibrium, we find that people with longer commuting time report systematically lower subjective well-being. Additional empirical analyses do not find institutional explanations of the empirical results that commuters systematically incur losses. We discuss several possibilities of an extended model of human behavior able to explain this ‘commuting paradox’.
Ultra-high-efficiency co-integrated photovoltaic energy scavenger

In this paper, we present a SOI CMOS Ultra-Low-Power (ULP) three-stage charge pump designed to interface photovoltaic (PV) cells co-integrated in the SOI substrate and used as a DC power source. Under an irradiance of 100W/m2, 2 PV cells in series provide a 815mV open-circuit voltage and a 21µA short-circuit current. Indoor measurements have been realized connecting them to one charge pump and the obtained output voltages of both the solar cells and charge pump vs. load are discussed. Improvements and perspectives are provided for an irradiance of 500W/m2. Co-integration is realized on a 2µm multiple-threshold voltage SOI CMOS technology for ULP applications.
Preoperative factors associated with improvements in shoulder function after humeral hemiarthroplasty.

BACKGROUND The relationship between the characteristics of the shoulder that can be determined before humeral hemiarthroplasty and the functional improvement after surgery is not known. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that the functional outcome of this procedure correlated significantly with factors that are identifiable preoperatively. METHODS The study group included seventy-one shoulders in sixty-eight patients undergoing hemiarthroplasty, performed by the same surgeon, for diagnoses other than acute fracture. The mean age of the patients was sixty-one years (range, thirty to eighty-three years). The results were characterized in terms of the change in self-assessed shoulder function and general health status at an average of forty-nine months (range, twenty-four to 142 months) after surgery. RESULTS The preoperative absence of erosion of the glenoid was associated with greater improvement in shoulder function and level of comfort after hemiarthroplasty (p < 0.001). Shoulders that had not had previous surgery had greater functional improvement than did those that had previous surgery (p = 0.012). Shoulders with an intact rotator cuff showed significantly (p < 0.5) greater improvement in the ability to lift weight above shoulder level after hemiarthroplasty (p <0.5). With regard to diagnoses, shoulders with rheumatoid arthritis, capsulorrhaphy arthropathy, and cuff tear arthropathy had the least functional improvement, whereas those with osteonecrosis (p = 0.0004) and with primary (p = 0.02) and secondary degenerative joint disease (p = 0.03) had the greatest improvement. Patient age and gender did not significantly affect the outcome. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the functional improvement following humeral hemiarthroplasty is related to factors that are identifiable before surgery. These data may be of benefit in preoperative discussions with patients who have a shoulder disorder and are considering treatment with hemiarthroplasty.
Multi-Stage Robust Chinese Remainder Theorem

It is well-known that the traditional Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) is not robust in the sense that a small error in a remainder may cause a large reconstruction error. A robust CRT was recently proposed for a special case when the greatest common divisor (gcd) of all the moduli is more than 1 and the remaining integers factorized by the gcd are co-prime. It basically says that the reconstruction error is upper bounded by the remainder error level τ if τ is smaller than a quarter of the gcd of all the moduli. In this paper, we consider the robust reconstruction problem for a general set of moduli. We first present a necessary and sufficient condition on the remainder errors with a general set of moduli and also a corresponding robust reconstruction method. This can be thought of as a single-stage robust CRT. We then propose a two-stage robust CRT by grouping the moduli into several groups as follows. First, the single-stage robust CRT is applied to each group. Then, with these robust reconstructions from all the groups, the single-stage robust CRT is applied again across the groups. This is easily generalized to multi-stage robust CRT. With this two-stage robust CRT, the robust reconstruction holds even when the remainder error level τ is above the quarter of the gcd of all the moduli, and an algorithm on how to group a set of moduli for a better reconstruction robustness is proposed in some special cases.
Phenotypic variation and covariation indicate high evolvability of acoustic communication in crickets

Studying the genetic architecture of sexual traits provides insight into the rate and direction at which traits can respond to selection. Traits associated with few loci and limited genetic and phenotypic constraints tend to evolve at high rates typically observed for secondary sexual characters. Here, we examined the genetic architecture of song traits and female song preferences in the field crickets Gryllus rubens and Gryllus texensis. Song and preference data were collected from both species and interspecific F1 and F2 hybrids. We first analysed phenotypic variation to examine interspecific differentiation and trait distributions in parental and hybrid generations. Then, the relative contribution of additive and additive‐dominance variation was estimated. Finally, phenotypic variance–covariance (P) matrices were estimated to evaluate the multivariate phenotype available for selection. Song traits and preferences had unimodal trait distributions, and hybrid offspring were intermediate with respect to the parents. We uncovered additive and dominance variation in song traits and preferences. For two song traits, we found evidence for X‐linked inheritance. On the one hand, the observed genetic architecture does not suggest rapid divergence, although sex linkage may have allowed for somewhat higher evolutionary rates. On the other hand, P matrices revealed that multivariate variation in song traits aligned with major dimensions in song preferences, suggesting a strong selection response. We also found strong covariance between the main traits that are sexually selected and traits that are not directly selected by females, providing an explanation for the striking multivariate divergence in male calling songs despite limited divergence in female preferences.
The smell of change: warming affects species interactions mediated by chemical information

Knowledge of how temperature influences an organism's physiology and behaviour is of paramount importance for understanding and predicting the impacts of climate change on species' interactions. While the behaviour of many organisms is driven by chemical information on which they rely on to detect resources, conspecifics, natural enemies and competitors, the effects of temperature on infochemical‐mediated interactions remain largely unexplored. Here, we experimentally show that temperature strongly influences the emission of infochemicals by ladybeetle larvae, which, in turn, modifies the oviposition behaviour of conspecific females. Temperature also directly affects female perception of infochemicals and their oviposition behaviour. Our results suggest that temperature‐mediated effects on chemical communication can influence flows across system boundaries (e.g. immigration and emigration) and thus alter the dynamics and stability of ecological networks. We therefore argue that investigating the effects of temperature on chemical communication is a crucial step towards a better understanding of the functioning of ecological communities facing rapid environmental changes.
A Linear Analog Network Coding for Asynchronous Two-Way Relay Networks

Time asynchronism is a practical issue need to be addressed for a general distributed two-way relay network, where two terminal nodes exchange information through multiple spatial-separated relay nodes. In this letter, we propose an analog network coding (ANC) scheme for a time asynchronous two-way relay network. In the proposed scheme, each relay node linearly transforms the received mixed asynchronous signals in the first time-slot by a Toeplitz matrix, and then broadcasts them back to the terminals in the second time-slot. A sufficient condition is derived for the proposed ANC to achieve full cooperative diversity using only linear receivers at the terminal nodes, such as zero-forcing (ZF), or minimum mean square error (MMSE) receivers, with any delay profiles of the timing errors. The decoding of the proposed ANC scheme is computationally efficient and the symbol rate can approach 1, when the coding block length is sufficiently large compared to the number of relay nodes R and the timing errors.
French Retrospective Multicentric Study of Neonatal Hemochromatosis: Importance of Autopsy and Autoimmune Maternal Manifestations

Neonatal hemochromatosis is a rare disease that causes fetal loss and neonatal death in the 1st weeks of life and is one of the most common causes of liver failure in the neonate. The diagnosis is mostly made retrospectively, based on histopathologic features of severe liver fibrosis associated with hepatic and extrahepatic siderosis. Several etiologies may underlie this phenotype, including a recently hypothesized gestational alloimmune disease. Fifty-one cases of liver failure with intrahepatic siderosis in fetuses and neonates were analyzed retrospectively. Maternal and infant data were collected from hospitalization and autopsy reports. All available slides were reviewed independently by 3 pathologists. Immunologic studies were performed on maternal sera collected immediately after delivery. The diagnosis of neonatal haemochromatosis was retained in 33 cases, including 1 case with Down syndrome and 1 case with myofibromas. Liver siderosis was inversely proportional to fibrosis progression. In fetuses, iron storage was more frequent in the thyroid than in the pancreas. Perls staining in labial salivary glands was positive in 1 of 5 cases. Abnormal low signal intensity by magnetic resonance imaging was detected in the pancreas in 2 of 7 cases. Renal tubular dysgenesis was observed in 7 of 23 autopsy cases. Chronic villitis was seen in 7 of 15 placentas. Half of the mothers presented with an autoimmune background and/or autoantibodies in their sera. Our work highlights the importance of autopsy in cases of neonatal hemochromatosis and marshals additional data in support of the hypothesis that neonatal hemochromatosis could reflect maternal immune system dysregulation.
Multipath routing and multiple description coding in ad-hoc networks: a simulation study

The nature of wireless multihop ad-hoc networks makes it a challenge to offer connections of an assured quality. In order to improve the performance of such networks, multipath routing in combination with Multiple Description Coding (MDC) has been proposed. By splitting up streams of multimedia traffic into several substreams (called descriptions), by sending these substreams along different paths from the source to the destination, and by reassembling them again at the destination, the quality of the received stream may be improved as compared to the single-description, single-path case. In this paper we present a simulation study of the combination of MDC and multipath routing from a network perspective with a realistic medium access control protocol (IEEE 802.11) and a widely used routing protocol (Dynamic Source Routing with our own multipath extensions). Our simulations show that for most of the cases considered, the combination of multipath routing and MDC does not perform better than single-path routing and a single description in IEEE 802.11-based networks.
Evaluation of strengths and weaknesses of dynamic handwritten signature recognition against forgeries

This paper proposes a methodology for evaluating the robustness of handwritten signature biometrics against forgeries. A particular emphasis has been applied in consider the viability of the attacks under operational environments. In order to carry out this work, not only a methodology but a toolbox has been developed. Such toolbox stores data, not only from a signing pad connected to a computer, but also from touch-screen devices such as smartphones and tablets. The proposed methodology has been tested by performing a robustness evaluation of a DTW-based algorithm, and with a database of genuine signatures acquired using a STU-500 pad as an input for the evaluation toolbox. The results will proof the validity of the methodology proposed, as well as show some of the strengths and weaknesses of this biometric modality. It is important to note that those strengths and weaknesses may only apply to the particular algorithm used in the evaluation, and may differ for other algorithms, in particular those that incorporates Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) mechanisms.
User Experiences on a Community-Based Music Voting Service

In this paper, we introduce and evaluate a community-based music voting service that relies on a DHT- based peer-to-peer network. Each community is created as a separate DHT overlay that is connected to a specific entertainment premise such as a cafeteria. A small-scale user testing was conducted in a laboratory environment to examine the attitudinal, social and perceived behavioral control factors associated with the community-based music voting service. Data was collected using questionnaires and short group interviews. The results indicate that the community-based services are seen attractive, and the service as such a very interesting and applicable idea, but the functionality would need to be enhanced.
Photometric classification of emission line galaxies with machine-learning methods

In this paper, we discuss an application of machine-learning-based methods to the identification of candidate active galactic nucleus (AGN) from optical survey data and to the automatic classification of AGNs in broad classes. We applied four different machine-learning algorithms, namely the Multi Layer Perceptron, trained, respectively, with the Conjugate Gradient, the Scaled Conjugate Gradient, the Quasi Newton learning rules and the Support Vector Machines, to tackle the problem of the classification of emission line galaxies in different classes, mainly AGNs versus non-AGNs, obtained using optical photometry in place of the diagnostics based on line intensity ratios which are classically used in the literature. Using the same photometric features, we discuss also the behaviour of the classifiers on finer AGN classification tasks, namely Seyfert I versus Seyfert II, and Seyfert versus LINER. Furthermore, we describe the algorithms employed, the samples of spectroscopically classified galaxies used to train the algorithms, the procedure followed to select the photometric parameters and the performances of our methods in terms of multiple statistical indicators. The results of the experiments show that the application of self-adaptive data mining algorithms trained on spectroscopic data sets and applied to carefully chosen photometric parameters represents a viable alternative to the classical methods that employ time-consuming spectroscopic observations.
Elasticity of single‐crystal orthoferrosilite

The elastic moduli of a synthetic single crystal of pure FeSiO3, orthoferrosilite, have been measured at 1 bar and 20°C by Brillouin spectroscopy. The moduli are (in megabars) c11 = 1.98, c22 = 1.36, c33 = 1.75, c44 = 0.59, c55 = 0.58, c66 = 0.49, c12 = 0.84, c13 = 0.72, c23 = 0.55. A comparison of the pyroxene crystal structure with elasticity data shows that distortion of the tetrahedral chains parallel to c is related to c33 Straight or extended chains increase c33, and highly kinked chains weaken the structure. However, the ferrosilite data show that beyond a certain degree of distortion the tetrahedral chains are essentially passive. Previous models of pyroxene elasticity have indicated that c11 should be most sensitive to composition. This is supported by the current study and is reflected in the elasticity data via a positive linear correlation of c11 with the size of the M1 octahedron, as measured by the average M1-0 distance. The average longitudinal modulus c¯11 ((c11 + c22 + c33)/3) varies linearly with composition in the system orthoenstatite-orthoferrosilite, whereas the average shear moduli c¯¯44 and c¯¯12 are constant for Fe contents of at least 20%. By comparison, data for the solid solution forsterite-fayalite are consistent with a linear variation of modulus versus composition between the end-members for all three average moduli. We suggest that this difference between orthopyroxene and olivine is due to a strong preference of Fe2+ for the M2 octahedral site in pyroxene. The isotropic shear modulus μ is 30% lower for ferrosilite than enstatite. Despite a similar contrast in end-member values of μ, the olivine data are consistent with a linear variation of μ between Fo100 and Fa100. At high temperatures, Fe and Mg in orthopyroxene will be randomly distributed, and a linear variation of μ with molar content of Fe is expected. A comparison of laboratory elasticity data with observed mantle properties shows that Vp, Vs, and ρ of the upper mantle are satisfied by pure olivine. However, the data strongly suggest that without the coexistence of a garnet phase, no more than 10% orthopyroxene may be present in a model mantle assemblage. Ca-clinopyroxene increases the upper limit on mantle garnet content but does not greatly affect constraints on the quantity of orthopyroxene in the upper mantle.
HIGH-RESOLUTION NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF FUORS AND FUOR-LIKE STARS

We present new high-resolution (R ≃ 18, 000) near-infrared spectroscopic observations of a sample of classical FU Orionis stars (FUors) and other young stars with FUor characteristics that are sources of Herbig–Haro (HH) flows. Spectra are presented for the region λ = 2.203–2.236 μm which is rich in absorption lines sensitive to both effective temperatures and surface gravities of stars. Both FUors and FUor-like stars show numerous broad and weak-unidentified spectral features in this region. Spectra of the 2.280–2.300 μm region are also presented, with the 2.2935 μm v = 2–0 CO absorption bandhead being clearly the strongest feature seen in the spectra of all FUors and FUor-like stars. A cross-correlation analysis shows that FUor and FUor-like spectra in the 2.203–2.236 μm region are not consistent with late-type dwarfs, giants, nor embedded protostars. The cross-correlations also show that the observed FUor-like HH energy sources have spectra that are substantively similar to those of FUors. Both object groups also have similar near-infrared colors. The large line widths and double-peaked nature of the spectra of the FUor-like stars are consistent with the established accretion disk model for FUors, also consistent with their near-infrared colors. It appears that young stars with FUor-like characteristics may be more common than projected from the relatively few known classical FUors.
Extraordinary and prolonged erlotinib-induced clinical response in a patient with EGFR wild-type squamous lung cancer in third-line therapy: a case report

Several small molecules, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as gefitinib, erlotinib and afatinib, have been demonstrated to significantly improve clinical outcomes in patients with advanced EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but erlotinib activity in EGFR wild-type squamous carcinoma is still highly debated. Here, we describe a prolonged and unexpected clinical response to erlotinib in a male former heavy cigarette smoker with wild-type EGFR squamous-cell cancer.
Lithium‐to‐calcium ratios in Modern, Cenozoic, and Paleozoic articulate brachiopod shells

Li/Ca ratios in modern brachiopod shells generally correlate inversely with growth temperature, ranging from ∼20 µmol/mol at 30°C to ∼50 µmol/mol at 0°C with no apparent interspecific offsets. Causes of the temperature effect on Li/Ca ratios are not yet understood. Cenozoic brachiopod Li/Ca ratios average ∼30 µmol/mol, similar to the average observed in modern brachiopods. Relatively constant Li/Ca ratios for Eocene to Pleistocene nonluminescent brachiopod shells, consistent with previous observations of Cenozoic planktonic foraminifera, support the conclusion of little variation in Cenozoic seawater Li/Ca. Nonluminescent portions of Permian and Carboniferous brachiopods have Li/Ca ratios substantially lower (generally <10 µmol/mol) than modern, Cenozoic, or Devonian samples. Mass balance considerations, constrained by δ18O of brachiopods, suggest that low Li concentrations in Permo-Carboniferous seawater could be the result of a lower flux of dissolved Li from the continents and/or a higher flux of Li from seawater to clastic marine sediments. Nonluminescent Devonian brachiopods from a single hand specimen have Li/Ca ratios around 70% of the modern average. These Li/Ca ratios can be explained by either somewhat higher temperature with constant seawater Li/Ca, somewhat lower seawater Li/Ca at constant temperature, or a combination of slightly elevated temperature and slightly lower seawater Li/Ca.