Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychological Processes Underlying the Development of a Chronic Pain Problem: A Prospective Study of the Relationship Between Profiles of Psychological Variables in the Fear-Avoidance Model and Disability

Objectives:Understanding the psychological processes that underlie the development of a chronic pain problem is important to improve prevention and treatment. The aim of this study was to test whether distinct profiles of variables within the fear-avoidance model could be identified and could be related to disability in a meaningful way. Methods:In 81 persons with a musculoskeletal pain problem, cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups with similar patterns on fear and avoidance beliefs, catastrophizing, and depression. The clusters were examined cross-sectionally and prospectively on function, pain, health care usage, and sick leave. Results:Five distinct profiles were found: pain-related fear, pain-related fear + depressed mood, medium pain-related fear, depressed mood, and low risk. These subgroups were clearly related to outcome. In contrast to the clusters “medium pain-related fear” and “low risk,” the majority of those classified in the clusters “pain-related fear,” “pain-related fear + depressed mood,” and “depressed mood” reported long-term sick leave during follow-up. The subjects in the clusters with high scores on the depression measure reported the highest percentage of health care usage during follow-up (70% in the “pain-related fear + depressed mood” group and 42% in the “depressed mood” group reported >10 health care visits). Conclusions:Distinct profiles of psychological functioning could be extracted and meaningfully related to future disability. These profiles give support to the fear-avoidance model and underscore the need to address the psychological aspects of the pain experience early on.
Identification of the Target of the Retrograde Response that Mediates Replicative Lifespan Extension in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The retrograde response signals mitochondrial status to the nucleus, compensating for accumulating mitochondrial dysfunction during Saccharomyces cerevisiae aging and extending replicative lifespan. The histone acetylase Gcn5 is required for activation of nuclear genes and lifespan extension in the retrograde response. It is part of the transcriptional coactivators SAGA and SLIK, but it is not known which of these complexes is involved. Genetic manipulation showed that these complexes perform interchangeably in the retrograde response. These results, along with the finding that the histone deacetylase Sir2 was required for a robust retrograde response informed a bioinformatics screen that reduced to four the candidate genes causal for longevity of the 410 retrograde response target genes. Of the four, only deletion of PHO84 suppressed lifespan extension. Retrograde-response activation of PHO84 displayed some preference for SAGA. Increased PHO84 messenger RNA levels from a second copy of the gene in cells in which the retrograde response is not activated achieved >80% of the lifespan extension observed in the retrograde response. Our studies resolve questions involving the roles of SLIK and SAGA in the retrograde response, pointing to the cooperation of these complexes in gene activation. They also finally pinpoint the gene that is both necessary and sufficient to extend replicative lifespan in the retrograde response. The finding that this gene is PHO84 opens up a new set of questions about the mechanisms involved, as this gene is known to have pleiotropic effects.
Integrating emotions in the analysis of retail price images

Most studies on retail price images do not capture the complete domain of this construct because they predominantly measure the cognitive dimensions of price perception. The current paper extends this research by integrating emotions in the analysis of retail price images. Results from an empirical study demonstrate that several price-related emotions mediate the impact of cognitive price image dimensions on intentions to shop in retail stores. Such effects exist for distress, anger, contempt, shame, and guilt. Furthermore, these emotions have an incremental effect on shopping intentions beyond the mere cognitive price image dimensions. Hence, integrating these emotions in the analysis of retail price images improves the prediction of such intentions considerably. An analysis of direct, indirect, and total effects shows that price-level perception influences shopping intentions negatively via increased contempt, shame, and guilt, but positively via value for money. Value proves to be a central dimension of a retailer's price image as value influences shopping intentions directly, but also via reduced distress, anger, contempt, shame, and guilt. The results yield important research and management implications, as integrating emotions in the analysis of retail price images extends the understanding of customer reactions to retailers' pricing activities.
Quality in Global Software Development Projects: A Closer Look at the Role of Distribution

The impact of distribution on global software development project is well established. Most of the empirical work has focused of a single dimension of distribution such as geographical distance or difference in time zones across locations, leaving other important dimensions of distribution unexplored. In this paper, we take a multi-dimensional view of distribution. In particular, we examined the impact of the nature of the distribution of development teams as well as the nature of the distribution of work on project quality using data from 189 distributed software development projects. Our analysis revealed that projects with uneven distributions of developers across locations were more likely to exhibit higher levels of defects than those projects with balanced distributions. Similarly, projects with uneven distributions of development effort across locations were more likely to exhibit higher levels of defects than those projects with balanced distributions.
Emergent Understanding and Attribution of Randomness: Comparative Analysis of the Reasoning of Primary Grade Children and Undergraduates.

In this study, I examined primary grade children's emergent understanding and attribution of randomness, as reflected in the classicist and frequentist forms of objectivist probability. Participants included kindergartners, 3rd graders, and, in order to address the complex issue of developmental versus nondevelopmental difficulties, university undergraduates (n = 36). The participants worked individually with me through three tasks: (a) an adaptation of Piaget and Inhelder's (1975) marble tilt box problem, (b) an analysis of spinners and associated game outcomes, and (c) urn-based sampling problems. My research assistant and I conducted a microgenetic analysis of the participants' videotaped performance at 2 levels of analysis, attaining an interrater reliability of 84% across 809 episodes at the most constrained level. Kindergartners' interpretations were typically either deterministic or altogether outside of the determinacy-indeterminacy frame. Only a minority of the kindergartners ever evoked randomne.
Biological markers for early detection and pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer's disease

The introduction of biological markers in the clinical management of Alzheimer's disease (AD) will not only improve diagnosis relating to early detection of neuropathology with underlying molecular mechanisms, but also provides tools for the assessment of objective treatment benefits. In this review, we identify a number of in vivo neurochemistry and neuroimaging techniques, which can reliably assess aspects of physiology, pathology, chemistry, and neuroanatomy of AD, and hold promise as meaningful biomarkers in the early diagnostic process, as well as for the tracking of disease-modifying pharmacological effects. These neurobiological measures appear to relate closely to pathophysiological, neuropathological, and clinical data, such as hyperphosphorylation of tau, abeta metabolism, lipid peroxidation, pattern and rate of atrophy, loss of neuronal integrity, and functional and cognitive decline, as well as risk of future decline. As a perspective, the important role of biomarkers in the development of innovative drug treatments for AD and the related regulatory process is discussed.
XELOX vs. FOLFOX4 as second line chemotherapy in advanced pancreatic cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIMS The efficacy and tolerability of oxaliplatin in combination with either folinic acid, fluoro-uracil (5-FU) (FOLFOX4 regimen) or capecitabine (XE-LOX regimen) was evaluated in advanced pancreatic cancer. METHODOLOGY In this study, eighty-five patients with advanced pancreatic cancer were enrolled after failing to gemcitabine-based chemotherapy between November 2005 and August 2011. FOLFOX4 was repeated every two weeks and XELOX regimen was repeated every three weeks until either disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred. RESULTS Eighty-five patients were evaluated for tumor response.Seven patients (18%) achieved a partial response with XELOX and stable disease was observed in 16 patients (41%). Eight patients (17%) achieved a partial response with FOLFOX4 and stable disease was observed in 12 patients (26%). Disease control rates were 59%in the XELOX arm and 43% in the FOLFOX4 arm. The median time to progression was 16 weeks in both arms.The median overall survival was 21 weeks with XELOX and 25 weeks with FOLFOX4. CONCLUSIONS Oxaliplatin-based combination therapy showed moderate clinical activity with acceptable toxicity in patients who had progressive disease after receiving gemcitabine-based chemotherapy for advanced and/or metastatic pancreatic cancer. We conclude that XELOX is similar in terms of efficacy and toxicity profile to FOLFOX4 in the sec-ond-line treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer.
Critical Role for Kalirin in Nerve Growth Factor Signaling through TrkA

ABSTRACT Kalirin is a multidomain guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that activates Rho proteins, inducing cytoskeletal rearrangement in neurons. Although much is known about the effects of Kalirin on Rho GTPases and neuronal morphology, little is known about the association of Kalirin with the receptor/signaling systems that affect neuronal morphology. Our experiments demonstrate that Kalirin binds to and colocalizes with the TrkA neurotrophin receptor in neurons. In PC12 cells, inhibition of Kalirin expression using antisense RNA decreased nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced TrkA autophosphorylation and process extension. Kalirin overexpression potentiated neurotrophin-stimulated TrkA autophosphorylation and neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells at a low concentration of NGF. Furthermore, elevated Kalirin expression resulted in catalytic activation of TrkA, as demonstrated by in vitro kinase assays and increased NGF-stimulated cellular activation of Rac, Mek, and CREB. Domain mapping demonstrated that the N-terminal Kalirin pleckstrin homology domain mediates the interaction with TrkA. The effects of Kalirin on TrkA provide a molecular basis for the requirement of Kalirin in process extension from PC12 cells and for previously observed effects on axonal extension and dendritic maintenance. The interaction of TrkA with the pleckstrin homology domain of Kalirin may be one example of a general mechanism whereby receptor/Rho GEF pairings play an important role in receptor tyrosine kinase activation and signal transduction.
Identification of Cells Responding to Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide by Measuring Intracellular Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate in Human Colonic Mucosa

Background: Although there is great deal of evidence suggesting that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has immunomodulating effects on human colonic lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC), it remains unclear which type of cell carries functional VIP receptors. In this study we investigated the presence of functional VIP receptors by measuring intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in isolated epithelial cells, bulk LPMC, T cells, and macrophages in human colonic mucosa. Methods: Epithelial cells and LPMC were isolated from non-pathologic segment of colonic mucosa of surgical specimens from five patients with colonic cancer. Mucosal T cells and macrophages were further isolated from LPMC. Each cell population was cultured with various concentration of VIP for 60 min at most. Then, intracellular cAMP was extracted and measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Results: When isolated epithelial cells were examined, VIP increased intracellular cAMP in a dose-dependent fashion, as observed in HT-29 cells used as a positive control. In contrast, the concentration of cAMP was essentially stable in response to VIP when isolated LPMC were examined. This was the case even when separated T cells and macrophages were individually investigated. To evaluate the possible effects of enzyme digestion for LPMC isolation on the VIP response, HT-29 cells were precultured with collagenase and deoxyribonuclease (DNase I), resulting in less enhancement of cAMP by VIP. Conclusions: In this study we failed to show VIP-responsive enhancement of cAMP in mucosal immune cells, suggesting that epithelial cells may be major effecter cells of VIP in human colonic mucosa.
“What do I know?” Scholastic fallacies and pragmatic religiosity in mental health-seeking behaviour in India

This paper draws on ethnographic fieldwork on psychiatrists and their patients (their care-givers and their communities) in North India. It addresses the questions as to when and why people approach psychiatrists and religious healers by arguing that approaches assessing “explanatory models” and other knowledge structures relevant to the people's health-seeking behaviour should place more emphasis on the people's strong desire to get well, in any way possible. Secondly, the difference between beliefs rooted in the patients’ life-worlds and explanations suggested to them by experts has to be acknowledged. These insights motivate a shift away from the concept “religion” towards the differentiation between pragmatic and scholastic religiosities. This argument relates back to the Greek meaning of “pragma” understood by Hans-Georg Gadamer as “that within which we are entangled in the praxis of living”.
Adverbial NPs: Bare or Clad in See-Through Garb?

Larson 1985 develops an analysis of 'bare-NP adverbs' as in 1 in which certain NPs are able to appear in adverbial syntactic positions in virtue of a peculiarity of their head nouns:' (1) a. John arrived last week. b. They went that way. For Larson, week, way, and a number of other nouns have lexical entries containing a feature [ + F] that allows them to assign oblique Case to NPs of which they are the head; the difference between 2a and 2b is then that time is [ + F] while occasion is [ F] and accordingly only in 2a does the adverbial NP receive the Case marking that immunizes it against violation of the constraint against Case-less NPs: (2) a. I've gone there many times. b. *I've gone there many occasions. In addition, Larson (606) posits a rule of 'Adverbial 0-role assignment' that says, 'Assign an adverbial 0-role to x, where a is any phrase,' and lists roles OTime, OLoc, ODir, and OManner as assignable by this rule. In the course of his paper, Larson briefly takes up and rejects one specific version of an alternative approach to adverbial NPs. The alternative approach treats them as PPs having no overt preposition, and the specific version of it that he considers is one that he attributes to Bresnan & Grimshaw 1978,2 which involves a fairly baroque apparatus that posits phonologically zero deep structure prepositions, a rule deleting such zero elements, and a constraint excluding their occurrence in surface structure. The particular arguments that he offers against an analysis of adverbial NPs as PPs are metatheoretical rather than empirical3 ('the assumptions and devices that it invokes are ad hoc and theo-
Assessing the Congruence of Thermal Niche Estimations Derived from Distribution and Physiological Data. A Test Using Diving Beetles

A basic aim of ecology is to understand the determinants of organismal distribution, the niche concept and species distribution models providing key frameworks to approach the problem. As temperature is one of the most important factors affecting species distribution, the estimation of thermal limits is crucially important for inferring range constraints. It is expectable that thermal physiology data derived from laboratory experiments and species' occurrences may express different aspects of the species' niche. However, there is no study systematically testing this prediction in a given taxonomic group while controlling by potential phylogenetic inertia. We estimate the thermal niches of twelve Palaearctic diving beetles species using physiological data derived from experimental analyses in order to examine the extent to which these coincided with those estimated from distribution models based on observed occurrences. We found that thermal niche estimates derived from both approaches lack general congruence, and these results were similar before and after controlling by phylogeny. The congruence between potential distributions obtained from the two different procedures was also explored, and we found again that the percentage of agreement were not very high (∼60%). We confirm that both thermal niche estimates derived from geographical and physiological data are likely to misrepresent the true range of climatic variation that these diving beetles are able to tolerate, and so these procedures could be considered as incomplete but complementary estimations of an inaccessible reality.
Dyslexia and inclusion: Time for a social model of disability perspective?

Prevailing clinical and educational models of dyslexia have focused on effective ways of addressing the proposed core deficits such as poor phonological skills. These models have been helpful in guiding intervention and bringing about some improvements in children's literacy performance (Hatcher, 1994). From a social model of disability perspective these models have not considered sufficiently how cultural factors such as specified school literacy standards can transform the impairments that some children have into disabilities. The underlying tenet of inclusion is that the school should adapt its practice to accommodate the child (Clark et al, 1995; Jenkinson, 1997). This would suggest that an examination of the social model of disability perspective may have a role to play in future school policy and practice across Europe in respect to literacy.
A Yield Model for Integrated Circuits and its Application to Statistical Timing Analysis

A model for process-induced parameter variations is proposed, combining die-to-die, within-die systematic, and within-die random variations. This model is put to use toward finding suitable timing margins and device file settings, to verify whether a circuit meets a desired timing yield. While this parameter model is cognizant of within-die correlations, it does not require specific variation models, layout information, or prior knowledge of intrachip covariance trends. The approach works with a "generic" critical path, leading to what is referred to as a "process-specific" statistical-timing-analysis technique that depends only on the process technology, transistor parameters, and circuit style. A key feature is that the variation model can be easily built from process data. The derived results are "full-chip," applicable with ease to circuits with millions of components. As such, this provides a way to do a statistical timing analysis without the need for detailed statistical analysis of every path in the design
Public and private photographs of refugees: the problem of representation

In 1948 Manivald Sein made a series of photographs as he crossed the Atlantic Ocean, illegally, on board the Walnut. He was one of 347 passengers, mostly Estonian refugees, who escaped Soviet occupation near the end of Second World War and who were again fleeing Stalin's wrath after living in Sweden for four years. This article will examine the various ways photographs taken by refugees in transit not only give a voice to their experience, but more importantly, allow outsiders to see them as complex human beings, which in turn provides a powerful counterpoint to prevailing stereotypes.
Things are Not as Rosy as They Seem: Psychosocial Issues of Contemporary Black College Women

Black women's participation in postsecondary education appears to have improved drastically because they are outpacing many other minority cultural groups (i.e., Black men, Hispanic men and women, Asian men and women, etc.) in terms of college enrollment and completion rates. However, when compared to White men and women, it is obvious that there are a variety of factors that continue to perpetuate Black women's underrepresentation and attrition in higher education. This article examines some of the psychosocial issues that diminish the psychological and physical health of young Black college women and impede their success in college. Black feminist thought provides a theoretical framework that elucidates the interconnectedness of race and gender issues faced by today's Black college women. Implications for Student Affairs practice are discussed and recommendations for further research are offered.
Inconsistencies in care of the pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient with respiratory failure: Opportunity for standardization and improved outcome

There is variability in critical care outcome of the HSCT recipient. One potential reason may be due to the inconsistent ventilation approaches. To quantitate this variability, we conducted a survey to assess self‐reported use of ventilation and adjunctive strategies for the HSCT recipient. Electronic survey, open from June 2012 through January 201, distributed through the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators network electronic mailing list. Ninety‐four individual responses were from 36 different institutions. The majority indicated that HSCT recipients requiring critical care were admitted to the general PICU. The vast majority (89%) endorsed routine practice of low‐tidal‐volume ventilation strategies. More than half stated that pressure‐regulated volume control is the starting mode of choice. Eighty‐three percent felt their group practiced early initiation of lung protective strategies. Eleven percent encouraged “early transition” to HFOV. Inhaled nitric oxide and milrinone were reported at the highest frequencies, but the majority used these empirically. Opinions regarding variables that affect outcomes of the HSCT were diverse. The estimated mortality of HSCT patients with respiratory was highly variable. Strategies for ventilation and oxygenation, use of HFOV, and adjunctive therapies are variable among pediatric intensivists.