Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forage Production of the Argentine Pampa Region Based on Land Use and Long-Term Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Data

Abstract Information about forage productivity and its interactions with cultural practices or climatic variation is necessary to plan livestock management and to increase production without damaging the environment. Remote sensing provides a valuable data source to achieve these goals. Here we characterize forage production over a large region (92 million hectares) by analyzing spatial, seasonal, and interannual variability with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data. We identified 23 homogeneous zones that enclose multiple counties with similar characteristics of land use and productivity. A long-term series (1981–2000) of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer images were used to calculate monthly NDVI and the annual integral of NDVI (I-NDVI), which is an estimate of primary productivity, for each county. County agricultural land use data were used to resolve pure forage and crop NDVI patterns over time using a spectral unmixing model. The annual integral of NDVI was significantly associated with geographic longitude and average precipitation but not with latitude. Improved relationships between forage production and I-NDVI can be obtained by collecting more accurate forage estimates in the field and calculating radiation use efficiencies. Images of high temporal resolution allow the inference of seasonal changes, and images of high spatial resolution allow a more precise description of the forage resources.
Age-related decline in divided-attention: from theoretical lab research to practical real-life

The purpose of this advanced review is to provide readers with an up-to-date synopsis of age-related changes in divided-attention abilities. An interdisciplinary approachistaken,supplyingreaderswithevidencefromverystructuredlaboratory studies and findings from more ecological research studies that target real-life divided-attention situations (i.e., walking and talking). The review goes beyond thereportedage-relateddeclinesindivided-attentionabilitiesandoffersthereader an overview of current cognitive (dual-task) training findings which suggest that these declines can be diminished with training. The contents of this review and the future directions proposed demonstrate that divided-attention research and its recent application to aging and mobility has become a major and fast growing scientific field of investigation. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. How to cite this article:
Cluster Cores and Modularity Maximization

The modularity function is a widely used measure for the quality of a graph clustering. Finding a clustering with maximal modularity is NP-hard. Thus, only heuristic algorithms are capable of processing large datasets. Extensive literature on such heuristics has been published in the recent years. We present a fast randomized greedy algorithm which uses solely local information on gradients of the objective function. Furthermore, we present an approach which first identifies the 'cores' of clusters before calculating the final clustering. The global heuristic of identifying core groups solves problems associated with pure local approaches. With the presented algorithms we were able to calculate for many real-world datasets a clustering with a higher modularity than any algorithm before.
Developing effective academic accommodations in higher education: A collaborative decision-making process

This case study describes a collaborative decision-making process for developing effective academic accommodations for a music major with a disability, whose prior accommodations suggested by the Disability Support Services (DSS) failed to address her needs. Cross-departmental collaboration between the DSS and the School of Music, as well as dynamic interactions among students with disabilities (SWDs), faculty members, peer tutors, and DSS specialists are emphasized. Multiple sources of information were collected, including in-depth/semi-structured interviews and a review of all relevant documentation such as case reports, weekly logs, email correspondence, results of psychological testing and academic portfolio contents. The themes that emerged from the data include resistance to the unknown, the language of negotiation, the decision-making process, and transformation (with three sub-themes: from fear of stigmatization to self-advocacy, from resentfulness to acceptance and commitment, and from reaction to pro-action). Key elements contributing to the collaborative process consist of effective communication among all members, the promotion of self-advocacy skills for SWDs, and faculty’s recognition of SWDs’ potential to succeed and while engaging flexible methods for delivering course content and assessing outcomes. A framework for delivering viable services for music majors with disabilities is outlined and discussed.
Graphs Over Time: Densification and Shrinking Diameters

How do real graphs evolve over time? What are “normal” growth patterns in social, technological, and information networks? Many studies have discovered patterns in static graphs, identifying properties in a single snapshot of a large network, or in a very small number of snapshots; these include heavy tails for inand out-degree distributions, communities, small-world phenomena, and others. However, given the lack of information about network evolution over long periods, it has been hard to convert these findings into statements about trends over time. Here we study a wide range of real graphs, and we observe some surprising phenomena. First, most of these graphs densify over time, with the number of edges growing super-linearly in the number of nodes. Second, the average distance between nodes often shrinks over time, in contrast to the conventional wisdom that such distance parameters should increase slowly as a function of the number of nodes (like O(log n) or O(log(log n)). Existing graph generation models do not exhibit these types of behavior, even at a qualitative level. We provide a new graph generator, based on a “forest fire” spreading process, that has a simple, intuitive justification, requires very few parameters (like the “flammability” of nodes), and produces graphs exhibiting the full range of properties observed both in prior work and in the present study. We also notice that the “forest fire” model exhibits a sharp transition between sparse graphs and graphs that are densifying. Graphs with decreasing distance between the nodes are generated around this transition point. Last, we analyze the connection between the temporal evolution of the degree distribution and densification of a graph. We find that the two are fundamentally related. We also observe that real networks exhibit this type of relation between densification and the degree distribution.
Women’s glass ceiling beliefs predict work engagement and burnout

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between glass ceiling beliefs, work engagement, and burnout. Design/methodology/approach A research model was developed based on the constructs from the Career Path Survey (CPS) and a literature review of research related to work engagement and burnout. Data from a cross-sectional study of 467 female employees from banks in India were collated and empirically tested, using structural equation modeling. Findings Denial and resilience were positively related to work engagement and negatively to burnout. Resignation and acceptance had a positive relationship with burnout and a negative relationship with work engagement. Research limitations/implications Further longitudinal studies focusing on different occupational sectors and career aspects can be considered for a more accurate and generalized insight into this concept. Practical implications Glass ceiling survey can be considered as an input for human resource functions for effectiveness of the organization. Originality/value This paper is the first to analyze the connection between the beliefs that women have about the glass ceiling and burnout and its components.
Soil Enzyme Activities in Pinus tabuliformis (Carriére) Plantations in Northern China

Changes in forest stand structure may alter the activity of invertase, urease, catalase and phenol oxidase after thinning Pinus tabuliformis (Carriere) plantations in Yanqing County of Beijing, China. We examined changes in these soil enzymes as influenced by time since thinning (24, 32, and 40 years since thinning) for 3 seasons (spring, summer and autumn) following harvesting at two depths in the mineral soil (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm). Invertase and urease increased significantly with time since thinning. Catalase activity was highest in the 24-year-old stand and there were no statistically significant differences between the 32- and 40-year-old stands. In addition, maximum invertase, urease, catalase, and phenol oxidase activities occurred during the summer; minimum activities occurred in autumn. Invertase and urease were positively correlated with each other, as were catalase and phenol oxidase. Most soil enzyme activity was higher in the 0-10 cm layer than at the 10-20 cm depth. As time from thinning increased, differences among soil depth became less significant. These results suggest that seasonal changes of these enzymes have different roles, as the time since thinning and thinning treatments may have both short- and long-term impacts on soil microbial activity.
Prime Time for α-Synuclein

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, afflicting ∼1% of individuals over the age of 65. PD results primarily from a severe and selective devastation of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, although neuropathology extends to other
Spectrum sensing measurement using GNU radio & USRP software radio platform

Spectrum utilization can be significantly improved by adopting cognitive radio (CR) technology. Such radios are able to sense the spectral environment and use this information to opportunistically provide wireless links that meet the user communications re quirements optimally. To achieve the goal of cognitive radio, it is a fundamental requirement that the cognitive user (CU) performs spectrum sensing to detect the presence of the primary user (PU) signal before a spectrum is accessed as to avoid harmful in terference. Therefore, two probabilities are of interest; the probability of detection, P d and the probability of false alarm, P fa . In this paper, we investigate sensing performance implemented on real -time testbed of GNU Radio and USRP Software Defined Radio (SDR) communi cation platform operating at 2.48 GHz with a bandwidth of 4 MHz. Energy detector utilizing 1024 FFT bin is the sensing mechanism used in the experimental set -up. The acquired experimental results of P d and P fa are duly analyzed and verifie d to be comparable to the curve of the theoretical framework for line -of-sight indoor environment. It is observed that at a target P fa of 5%, the optimal decision threshold for PU detection is -39 dB. The plot of measured number of samples needed for a des ired P d for various received signal levels, representing various signal -to-noise (SNR) conditions, is also included. At SNR of 0 dB and a target Quality of Service (QoS) set at P d of 90%, it is found out that the required sensing time for our GNU Radio USR P based CR system is equal to 31.59ms.
Two-dimensional weight-constrained codes through enumeration bounds

For a rational /spl alpha//spl isin/(0,1), let /spl Ascr//sub n/spl times/m,/spl alpha// be the set of binary n/spl times/m arrays in which each row has Hamming weight /spl alpha/m and each column has Hamming weight /spl alpha/n, where /spl alpha/m and /spl alpha/n are integers. (The special case of two-dimensional balanced arrays corresponds to /spl alpha/=1/2 and even values for n and m.) The redundancy of /spl Ascr//sub n/spl times/m,/spl alpha// is defined by /spl rho//sub n/spl times/m,/spl alpha//=nmH(/spl alpha/)-log/sub 2/|/spl Ascr//sub n/spl times/m,/spl alpha//| where H(x)=-xlog/sub 2/x-(1-x)log/sub 2/(1-x). Bounds on /spl rho//sub n/spl times/m,/spl alpha// are obtained in terms of the redundancies of the sets /spl Ascr//sub /spl Lscr/,/spl alpha// of all binary /spl Lscr/-vectors with Hamming weight /spl alpha//spl Lscr/, /spl Lscr//spl isin/{n,m}. Specifically, it is shown that /spl rho//sub n/spl times/m,/spl alpha///spl les/n/spl rho//sub m,/spl alpha//+m/spl rho//sub n,/spl alpha// where /spl rho//sub /spl Lscr/,/spl alpha//=/spl Lscr/H(/spl alpha/)-log/sub 2/|/spl Ascr//sub /spl Lscr/,/spl alpha//| and that this bound is tight up to an additive term O(n+log m). A polynomial-time coding algorithm is presented that maps unconstrained input sequences into /spl Ascr//sub n/spl times/m,/spl alpha// at a rate H(/spl alpha/)-(/spl rho//sub m,/spl alpha///m).
What Do Deep CNNs Learn About Objects?

Deep convolutional neural networks learn extremely powerful image representations, yet most of that power is hidden in the millions of deep-layer parameters. What exactly do these parameters represent? Recent work has started to analyse CNN representations, finding that, e.g., they are invariant to some 2D transformations Fischer et al. (2014), but are confused by particular types of image noise Nguyen et al. (2014). In this work, we delve deeper and ask: how invariant are CNNs to object-class variations caused by 3D shape, pose, and photorealism?
A novel method for chromosome analysis of human sperm using enucleated mouse oocytes.

BACKGROUND Mouse oocytes can be used in conjunction with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) as a technique to permit chromosomal analysis of human sperm. However, chromosomes derived both from the human sperm and the mouse oocyte appear simultaneously following ICSI. The present study focused on evaluating whether or not previously enucleated mouse oocytes are usable for the analysis of human sperm chromosomes. METHODS The metaphase chromosome-spindle complex was removed from a mouse oocyte. Human sperm from a donor with proven fertility were injected into mouse enucleated oocytes or intact oocytes. The presence of pronuclei in the oocytes was confirmed approximately 7-11 h after ICSI, and the oocytes were then fixed so that the nuclei could be observed as chromosome samples at 15-16 h after ICSI. RESULTS The formation rate of one pronucleus in enucleated oocytes after ICSI was 93.9% (186/198) while that of two pronuclei in intact oocytes after ICSI was 85.4% (88/103). The appearance rate of metaphase chromosomes of human sperm in the enucleated oocytes, 89.4% (160/179), was significantly higher than that in intact oocytes, 78.7% (74/94) (P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS An efficient ICSI method using enucleated mouse oocytes was established to allow the visualization of the human sperm chromosome complement without the risk of confusion with mouse oocyte chromosomes.
Short-term emission line and continuum variations in Mrk 110

We present results of a variability campaign of Mrk 110 performed with the 9.2-m Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) at McDonald Observatory. The high $S/N$ spectra cover most of the optical range. They were taken from 1999 November through 2000 May. The average interval between the observations was 7.3 days and the median interval was only 3.0 days. Mrk 110 is a narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy. During our campaign the continuum flux was in a historically low stage. Considering the delays of the emission lines with respect to the continuum variations we could verify an ionization stratification of the BLR. We derived virial masses of the central black hole from the radial distances of the different emission lines and from their widths. The calculated central masses agree within 20% . Furthermore, we identified optical Hei singlet emission lines emitted in the broad-line region. The observed line fluxes agree with theoretical predictions. We show that a broad wing on the red side of the [Oiii] λ 5007 line is caused by the Hei singlet line at 5016 A.
SOCIAL MOBILITY WITHIN AND ACROSS GENERATIONS IN BRITAIN SINCE 1851

This paper exploits a rich data source to provide new measures of social mobility in England and Wales from 1851 to 1901. Existing measures of intergenerational mobility derived from marriage registries fail to control for life-cycle differences between father and son. Correcting for this reveals significantly more mobility across generations than previous estimates: half of all sons occupy a different occupational class than their father, and upward mobility exceeds downward by 40 percent. In addition, the rate of intragenerational mobility is measured for the first time. While slightly lower than mobility across generations, it is substantial; 44 percent of young males changed occupational class over a thirty-year period. International and intertemporal comparisons show that mobility in Britain was much lower than in the U.S., but that unlike in the U.S., it trended upward from the 1850s to the 1970s.
Lightweight Extensible Records for Haskell

Early versions of Haskell provied only a positional notation to build and take apart user-de ned datatypes. This positional notation is awkward and error-prone when dealing with datatypes that have more than a couple of components, so later versions of Haskell introduced a mechanism for labeled elds that allows components to be set and extracted by name. While this has been useful in practice, it also has several signi cant problems; for example, no eld name can be used in more than one datatype. In this paper, we present a concrete proposal for replacing the labeledeld mechanisms of Haskell 98 with a more exible system of records that avoids the problems mentioned above. With a theoretical foundation in the earlier work of Gaster and Jones, our system o ers lightweight, extensible records and a complement of polymorphic operations for manipulating them. On a more concrete level, our proposal is a direct descendent of the Trex implementation (\typed records with extensibility") in Hugs, but freed from the constraints of that setting, where compatibility with Haskell 98 was a major concern.
Intergenerational Support during the Transition to Parenthood: Issues for New Parents and Grandparents

Intergenerational support during the transition to parenthood is explored on the basis of a research and preventive-service project that included 86 fist-time parents and their parents. Many factors influence the nature and perception of support: developmental and life-stage issues for both generations, maternal and paternal family relationships, family coping styles, and continuities or discontinuities of cultures and traditions. A holistic view of intergenerational resources is recommended, emphasizing increased recognition of the paternal family.
Iterative Evolution of Sympatric Seacow (Dugongidae, Sirenia) Assemblages during the Past ∼26 Million Years

Extant sirenians show allopatric distributions throughout most of their range. However, their fossil record shows evidence of multispecies communities throughout most of the past ∼26 million years, in different oceanic basins. Morphological differences among co-occurring sirenian taxa suggest that resource partitioning played a role in structuring these communities. We examined body size and ecomorphological differences (e.g., rostral deflection and tusk morphology) among sirenian assemblages from the late Oligocene of Florida, early Miocene of India and early Pliocene of Mexico; each with three species of the family Dugongidae. Although overlapping in several ecomorphological traits, each assemblage showed at least one dominant trait in which coexisting species differed. Fossil sirenian occurrences occasionally are monotypic, but the assemblages analyzed herein show iterative evolution of multispecies communities, a phenomenon unparalleled in extant sirenian ecology. As primary consumers of seagrasses, these communities likely had a strong impact on past seagrass ecology and diversity, although the sparse fossil record of seagrasses limits direct comparisons. Nonetheless, our results provide robust support for previous suggestions that some sirenians in these extinct assemblages served as keystone species, controlling the dominance of climax seagrass species, permitting more taxonomically diverse seagrass beds (and sirenian communities) than many of those observed today.
A Phenomenological Approach to Normal Form Modeling: a Case Study in Laser Induced Nematodynamics

An experimental setting for the polarimetric study of optically induced dynamical behavior in nematic liquid crystal films presented by G. Cipparrone, G. Russo, C. Versace, G. Strangi and V. Carbone allowed to identify most notably some behavior which was recognized as gluing bifurcations leading to chaos. This analysis of the data used a comparison with a model for the transition to chaos via gluing bifurcations in optically excited nematic liquid crystals previously proposed by G. Demeter and L. Kramer. The model of these last authors, relying on the original model for chaos by cascade of gluing bifurcations proposed by A. Arneodo, P. Coullet and C. Tresser about twenty years before, does not have the central symmetry which one would expect for minimal dimensional model for chaos in nematics in view of the time series near the gluing bifurcation. What we show here is that the simplest truncated normal forms for gluing with the appropriate symmetry and minimal dimension do exhibit time signals that are embarrassingly similar to the ones that could be found using the above-mentioned experimental settings. It so happens that the gluing bifurcation scenario itself is only visible in limited parameter ranges, and that a substantial aspect of the chaos that can be observed is due to other factors. First, out of the immediate neighborhood of the homoclinic curve, nonlinearity can produce expansion which easily produces chaos when combined with the recurrence induced by the homoclinic behavior. Also, pairs of symmetric homoclinic orbits create extreme sensitivity to noise, so that when the noiseless approach to attracting homoclinic pairs contains a rich behavior, minute noise can transform the complex damping into sustained chaos. As Leonid Shilnikov has taught us, combining global considerations and local spectral analysis near critical points is crucial to understand the phenomenology associated to homoclinic bifurcations in dissipative systems. We see here on an example how this helps construct a phenomenological approach to modeling experiments in nonlinear dissipative contexts.
Effects of photoionization on similarity properties of streamers at various pressures in air

Modelling studies are presented of positive streamers developing at various pressures in air in a point-to-plane discharge geometry. The modelling results emphasize that the quenching of the singlet excited states of molecular nitrogen emitting photoionizing radiation is responsible for non-similar behaviour of streamers at pressures higher than approximately 30 Torr. Our modelling results are consistent with recent experimental work showing that streamers have more and thinner channels and branch more frequently at higher (i.e. near atmospheric) pressures than at lower pressures. The results also demonstrate the importance of accounting for effects associated with electrode geometry for the interpretation of experimental studies on similarity properties of streamers at various pressures.