Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pattern classification reveals developmental differences in how memories influence new learning

Recent studies suggest that the ability to use memories flexibly emerges gradually with development; however, the mechanistic changes that underlie this shift remain unknown. Participants aged 7-30 years encoded a series of related associations during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. We hypothesized that the comparatively more rigid memory behaviors characteristic of children are due in part to a failure to retrieve and link relevant knowledge to new information as it is learned. We used a pattern classification approach to show that only adults show sustained reactivation of related memories across an extended learning experience. Children show no reactivation at all, while both younger and older adolescents show an intermediate pattern, with initial reactivation that decreases as learning continues. Memory reactivation also showed different relationships to behavior across age groups, underscoring the complex nature of the development of reactivation, memory integration, and flexible decisions.
Use of Staff Development by Teachers and Aides with Emotionally Disturbed and Behavior Disordered Students

Staff development instruction to 45 teachers and aides with ED/BD students in 13 schools resulted in significantly improved classroom performance of participants in schools with adequate to exemplary administrative support. In schools with inadequate administrative support no participant attained the criterion performance level. Area of prior educational preparation and entry-level performance were related to outcome performance scores. Variables not related significantly to performance outcomes were prior teaching experience in special or general education, highest degree, instructional hours of lecturelworkshop, and instructional hours of individual classroom observation and feedback.
High plasma level of nucleocapsid‐free envelope glycoprotein‐positive lipoproteins in hepatitis C patients

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles associate viral and lipoprotein moieties to form hybrid lipoviral particles (LVPs). Cell culture–produced HCV (HCVcc) and ex vivo–characterized LVPs primarily differ by their apolipoprotein (apo) B content, which is low for HCVcc, but high for LVPs. Recombinant nucleocapsid‐free subviral LVPs are assembled and secreted by apoB‐producing cell lines. To determine whether such subviral particles circulate in HCV‐infected individuals, LVPs complexed with immunoglobulin were precipitated with protein A from low‐density plasma fractions of 36 hepatitis C patients, and their lipid content, apolipoprotein profile, and viral composition were determined. HCV RNA in LVPs was quantified and molar ratios of apoB and HCV genome copy number were calculated. LVPs lipidome from four patients was determined via electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry. Protein A–purified LVPs contained at least the envelope glycoprotein E2 and E2‐specific antibodies. LVPs were present in every patient and were characterized by high lipid content, presence of apolipoproteins characteristic of triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins (TRLs), HCV RNA, and viral glycoprotein. Importantly, save for four patients, LVPs fractions contained large amounts of apoB, with on average more than 1 × 106 apoB molecules per HCV RNA genome. Because there is one apoB molecule per TRL, this ratio suggested that most LVPs are nucleocapsid‐free, envelope glycoprotein‐containing subviral particles. LVPs and TRLs had similar composition of triacylglycerol and phospholipid classes. Conclusion: LVPs are a mixed population of particles, comprising predominantly subviral particles that represent a distinct class of modified lipoproteins within the TRL family. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;56:39–48)
Clinical antimicrobial efficacy of NiTi rotary instrumentation with NaOCl irrigation, final rinse with chlorhexidine and interappointment medication: a molecular study.

AIM To evaluate clinically the antibacterial effects of root canal treatment procedures using molecular microbiology analyses. METHODOLOGY Samples were taken from 14 necrotic root canals of teeth with apical periodontitis before (S1) and after instrumentation with NaOCl irrigation (S2), a final rinse with chlorhexidine (CHX) (S3) and then one-week interappointment medication with calcium hydroxide/CHX paste (S4). The parameters examined included the following: incidence of positive broad-range PCR results for bacterial presence; impact on bacterial community structures evaluated by PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE); quantitative bacterial reduction determined by real-time PCR; and identification of bacterial persisters by cloning and sequencing. Data from the different tests were subjected to statistical analyses and diversity indicator calculations. RESULTS All S1 samples were positive for bacteria in all tests. Treatment procedures promoted a decrease in microbial diversity and significantly reduced the incidence of positive results and the bacterial counts (P < 0.05). In general, each subsequent treatment step improved disinfection. No specific taxon or community pattern was associated with post-treatment samples. CONCLUSION Supplementary steps consisting of a final rinse with CHX followed by calcium hydroxide interappointment medication promoted further decrease in the bacterial bioburden to levels significantly below those achieved by the chemomechanical procedures alone. Because the long-term outcome of root canal treatment is dependent upon maximal bacterial reduction, the present results are of clinical relevance.
Effects of Balance Cues and Experience on Serial Recall of Human Movement

One way that student dancers learn new contemporary dance, hip-hop or ballroom dancing is by observing and reproducing dance phrases or steps. For experts, learning long and complex sequences may appear effortless whereas for those new to dance, the task is challenging with both motor and cognitive demands. On the cognitive side, the first stage for increasing familiarity or perceptual fluency is registering or encoding material in the short-term memory. With rehearsal, the material may be transferred subsequently to the long-term memory. Theories propose that human memory is cue driven – the more cues that are present while taking information in, that are also present at the time of retrieving the information, the better the recall. In this study, we investigate proprioceptive cues related to relative stability, as cues to short-term memory for recalling a series of simple body movements. We ask: is the feeling of either being in a balanced or unbalanced standing position a cue to short-term memory for m.
Introduction: The International Diffusion of Liberalism

Political scientists, sociologists, and economists have all sought to analyze the spread of economic and political liberalism across countries in recent decades. This article documents this diffusion of liberal policies and politics and proposes four distinct theories to explain how the prior choices of some countries and international actors affect the subsequent behavior of others: coercion, competition, learning, and emulation. These theories are explored empirically in the symposium articles that follow. The goal of the symposium is to bring quite different and often isolated schools of thought into contact and communication with one another, and to define common metrics by which we can judge the utility of the contending approaches to diffusion across different policy domains.For helpful comments on an earlier draft of this article, the authors wish to thank Barry Eichengreen, Lisa Martin, and John Meyer. Nancy Brune and Alexander Noonan provided excellent research assistance. The authors also wish to acknowledge and thank the Yale Center for International and Area Studies, the UCLA International Institute, and the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs at Harvard University for funding conferences at which this collection of symposium papers were discussed.
Assessment of Micro and Macro-Nutrient Status of Soil and Fodder of Udaipur District of Rajasthan, India

Among fertilizers, macronutrients including: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) play important role in foliar growth, root development, cell division, flowering, and seed and fruit formation (Brady, 1984). Similarly, micronutrients, such as, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), etc. are essential for plant growth, transportation of nutrients, cell formation, uptake and retention of other minerals, transformation of compounds, metabolism and energy cycles. Deficiency in any single micronutrient may hamper plant growth and subsequently foliage yield (Cioroi and Florea, 2003; Mousavi, 2011). The deficiency or unavailability of these micronutrients are probably the result of various factors, like calcareous nature and alkaline reaction soils, introduction of high yielding varieties and heavy imbalanced application of macronutrients and low organic matter. Among the macronutrients, excessive and indiscriminate use of P-fertilizers can International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 04 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
PR like PRocess! Strategy from the Bottom- Up

In this piece I want to contribute to the broad debate on strategy for the overcoming of capitalism by drawing a connection between the struggles for democracy, inclusiveness and participation within the European Social Forum (ESF) process, and the struggles for overcoming capitalism as a mode of production, a mode of doing and consequent social relations. I first begin by describing and evaluate the controversies on process during the last ESF held in October 2004 in London. These broadly divided activists in two camps that came to be known as ‘horizontals’ and ‘verticals’. I will than move to a more general plane and problematise the meaning of ‘strategy’ and ‘victory’ – terms often used within the managerial and ‘vertical’ concept of politics to urge people to follow a particular line – from the perspective of political practices that aims at the overcoming of capitalist social relations.
Mechanisms of sensorimotor impairment in multiple sclerosis

MECHANISMS OF SENSORIMOTOR IMPAIRMENT IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS Matthew Chua, B.S. Marquette University, 2013 Sensorimotor impairments in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) might alter coordination and balance strategy during functional movements. People with MS often have symptoms such as weakness and discoordination in the lower limbs, resulting in poor walking and balance function. This decrease in function can result in falls, decreased community activity, unemployment, and reduced quality of life. As MS is a progressive disease resulting in a range of dysfunction, the amount of lower limb impairment can cause changes to walking and balance strategies to maintain functional performance. The overall objective of this dissertation was to quantify the impairment at the hip and ankle, and characterize the effects of impairment on walking and balance in MS. To quantify the lower limb impairment, a custom-built robot was used to impose movement to the legs about the hip and ankle joint separately. Joint torque and work done were used as quantitative measures of strength during isometric contraction and coordination during subject assisted leg movements in MS and healthy control subjects. To characterize the effect of impairment on functional movements, motion analysis was used to record kinematic and kinetic parameters during overground walking and during a challenging arm tracking task in standing. Hip and ankle sagittal moments were used to quantify the contribution of each joint to functional movement. The findings from these studies suggest that there is a greater sensorimotor impairment at the ankle than the hip in MS, resulting in a reduced reliance on the ankle during walking and an increased hip versus ankle strategy during upper body movements. This was observed by increased negative work at the ankle during assisted bilateral leg movements, reduced ankle moments during stance in gait, and increased hip versus ankle contribution during arm tracking movements in standing. These results indicate that differential impairment between the hip and ankle can drive changes to walking and balance strategy to maintain functional performance, highlighting the importance of joint specific rehabilitation methods in improving function in MS.
Multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of acute knee trauma

1 LIST OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS.3 ABBREVIATIONS.4 INTRODUCTION.5 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.8 Avulsion fractures in acute knee trauma.8 Tibial plateau fractures.12 Cruciate ligament injuries.13 Meniscal injuries.14 Overweight as a risk factor.14 Femorotibial dislocation.15 Neural injuries in acute knee trauma.17 Vascular injuries in acute knee trauma.18 Patellar dislocation.20 Imaging modalities.21 AIMS OF THE STUDY.26 MATERIALS AND METHODS.27 RESULTS.34 DISCUSSION.42 CONCLUSIONS.51 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.54 REFERENCES.56 ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS.68
Decision-making and feedback sensitivity: A comparison between older and younger adults

This study investigated decision-making and feedback sensitivity in healthy older adults with a new task: the Pictures Decision Task. The study was conducted on 27 older (aged 64–88) and 26 younger adults (aged 25–57) matched for years of education. Results showed that older adults did not show the Jumping to Conclusions bias and that older adults had difficulty learning from feedback only when the context was ambiguous and not when they were given aids or interpretative information that decreased ambiguity. The Pictures Decision Task, with respect to the Iowa Gambling Task and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, allowed us to assess decision-making and feedback sensitivity under highly ambiguous conditions and therefore to add new insight into the reasoning process of older people.
Motivating Knowledge Sharing in Knowledge Management Systems

Many organizations are using knowledge management systems (KMSs) to facilitate knowledge sharing. However, few studies have empirically investigated how individual characteristics and organizational work practices influence knowledge sharing. Based on accountability theory, the person–situation interactional psychology perspective, and the five-factor model of personality, this study uses a quasi-experimental design to investigate how two accountability-inducing management practices—evaluation and evaluation plus reward—and their interactions with personality characteristics influence knowledge sharing using a KMS. One hundred employees from a Chinese software company participated in the study. The authors found that both evaluation and evaluation plus reward had a positive relationship with knowledge sharing. Greater levels of knowledge sharing occurred in the evaluation-plus-reward condition compared with the evaluation condition. Also, knowledge sharing was influenced by the interaction between evaluation plus reward and conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience. Implications of the study results for research and practice are discussed.
Innovation in Online Selling Business Models: A Structural Equation Modeling-Based Multigroup Analysis

This paper examines the impact of net-enablement capability on the innovation in business model for online selling utilizing the Net-enabled Business Innovation Cycle (NEBIC) theoretical framework. Based on a sample of 296 online sellers across different Canadian sectors, the paper empirically tests for the invariant in the relationship between net-enablement capability and the innovation in online selling business model across three different groups of respondents. These groups were selected based on sector’s level of online selling, prior online buying experience, and firm size. The framework utilized structural equation modeling (SEM) and tested using AMOS 18.0. The results of the analyses demonstrate relatively a reasonable fit of the model to the data collected (χ=4757.62, χ/DF=2.23, RMSEA=0.07, CFI=0.87, TLI=0.87). Further, respondents grouped based on their prior online buying experience and firm size show variability in respect to the relationship between netenablement capability and business model innovation for online selling.
The Influences of Learning Portfolios and Attitudes on Learning Effects in Blended E-Learning for Mathematics

This study mainly investigates the factors affecting the learning effects in a blended e-Learning course for Mathematics. The research targets of this study are 48 junior high school students. After they had received traditional lessons in class as well as the accompanied e-Learning lessons, the influences of their learning portfolios and learning attitude on the examination scores were studied. Multiple linear regression analysis is employed to conduct data analysis. From the standardized regression model, it is discovered that the main factors affecting the examination scores of students in their learning portfolios are online test, number of hours of reading, and the learning attitude. Moreover, no significant difference is found between male and female students in the aspects of their examination scores, learning attitudes, and learning portfolios. The findings can be helpful for teachers to improve the instruction strategies in Blended e-Learning.
Normal derivations in norm ideals

Abstract. We establish the orthogonality of the range and the kernel of anormal derivation with respect to the unitarily invariant norms associated with norm ideals of operators. Related orthogonality results for certain nonnormal derivations are also given. 1. IntroductionLet B(H) denote the algebra of all bounded linear operators on an infinite-dimensional complex separable Hilbert space H. For operators A, B in B(H),the generalized derivation SA>B as an operator on B(H) is defined by(1) oAiB(X) = AX-XB for all X e B(H). When A = B, we simply write oA for 6AA. If N is a normal operator inB(H), then On is said to be a normal derivation.In his investigation of normal derivations, Anderson [1, Theorem 1.7] provedthat if N and S are operators in B(H) such that TV is normal and NS = SN, then for all X e B(H) (2) }\ON(X) + S\\>\\S\\,where || • || is the usual operator norm. Thus in the sense of [1, Definition 1.2], inequality (2) says that the range of Sn is orthogonal to the kernel of On , whichis just the commutant {N}' of N.It has been shown in [11, Theorem 1] that if N and S are operators in
Corpus Callosum Atrophy and Psychosis: a Case Report

Corpus callosum atrophy and psychosis: a case report A 31-year-old male patient was hospitalized in our hospital due to the compulsory treatment desicion of the related court because of the guilt of “murder”. The patient had been treated in intensive care unit due to head trauma because of a traffic accident, in 2001. The patient had had no complaints or disease until this accident. After his treatment for head trauma, psychotic signs as persecution delusions had appeared. He had killed his aunt because of his persecution delusions as he believed his aunt had been hostile to and would harm him. In his cranial MRI, thinning-atrophy in all parts of corpus callosum was observed. He was diagnosed with “psychotic disorder due to head trauma, with delusions”, according to DSM-IV TR. This case is found interesting because of the time relation between head trauma and psychosis and corpus callosum atrophy detected after the head trauma.
Update on Virus-Induced Flowering Virus-Induced Flowering : An Application of Reproductive Biology to Bene fi t Plant Research and Breeding 1

For many crops, the benefits of traditional breeding practices are difficult to achieve because the crops have long juvenile periods that necessitate long breeding cycles, desired genotypes for a cross do not have synchronized flowering because of photoperiod or vernalization requirements, or preferred lines are propagated asexually and have limited flowering potential. In light of these limitations, and being faced with the desire to accelerate breeding as a means of contending with climate change, dwindling water resources, and invasive biotic stressors, we explore the use of virus-induced flowering (VIF) as a method to accelerate the transition to reproductive growth and thus facilitate research and breeding.
Postoperative Pain Management among Surgically Treated Patients in an Ethiopian Hospital

Background Incidence of postoperative pain has been reported to be between 47–100%. Ineffective postoperative pain management results in tangible and intangible costs. The purpose of this study was to assess the processes and outcomes of pain management in the surgical wards of Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods and Findings A prospective cross sectional study was conducted among 252 postoperative patients during February 13 to April 30, 2012. A contextually modified and validated (Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.78) American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire was used to assess pain experience of patients. Patients’ charts were reviewed to assess the pattern of analgesic use. Incidence of postoperative pain was 91.4%, and remained high over 3 measurements (McNemar’s; p<0.05), and 80.1% of the patients were undertreated. The mean pain intensity, and pain interference on functional status were 6.72±1.44 and 5.61±1.13 on a 10 point Numerical rating scale respectively; both being strongly correlated(r = 0.86: p<0.001). Pain intensity was varied by ethnicity, education and preoperative information (ANOVA; P<0.05). Only 50% of the patients were adequately satisfied with their pain management. As needed (prn), solo analgesic, null analgesic, and intramuscular orders were noted for 31.3%, 89.29%, 9.7% and 20.1% of the prescription orders respectively. Though under dose, diclofenac and tramadol were the top prescribed medications, and only 57% of their dose was administered. Linear regression model showed that the predictors of satisfaction were sex of an individual and pain interference with functional status. Conclusion Despite patients’ paradoxical high satisfaction with pain management, the majority of patients were inadequately and inappropriately treated. Thus, further research is needed to determine how best to break down current barriers to effective pain management.