Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Warfarin‐Acetaminophen Drug Interaction Revisited

Physicians and pharmacists routinely advise patients receiving warfarin to take acetaminophen for pain or fever because of its relative safety; however, a recent study questioned the safety of such practice. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE and IPA for human studies and case reports from 1966–1999 revealed evidence that acetaminophen may potentiate the effect of warfarin by a mechanism that has yet to be elucidated. Due to lack of a safer alternative, acetaminophen still should be the analgesic and antipyretic of choice in patients taking warfarin, as long as excessive amounts and prolonged administration (> 1.3 g acetaminophen/day for > 2 wks) are avoided. With the high degree of interpatient variability and the unpredictability of various drug‐drug interactions with warfarin, close and frequent monitoring of international normalized ratios is the key for safe oral anticoagulation therapy.
Identification of Downregulated Messenger RNAs in Bovine Granulosa Cells of Dominant Follicles Following Stimulation with Human Chorionic Gonadotropin1

Abstract Molecular determinants and mechanisms involved in ovarian follicular growth, ovulation, and luteinization are not well understood. The objective of this study was to identify genes expressed in bovine granulosa cells (GC) of dominant follicles (DF) and downregulated after hCG-induced ovulation, using the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). GC were collected from DF at Day 5 of the estrous cycle and from ovulatory follicles (OF) obtained 23 h following injection of hCG. A subtracted cDNA library (DF-OF) was generated and screened using unsubtracted (DF, OF) and subtracted (DF-OF, OF-DF) cDNAs as complex 32P-probes. A total of 32 nonredundant cDNAs were identified: 23 cDNAs matched with sequences of known biological function and 9 cDNAs with complete or partial sequences of undefined biological function. Detection of genes known to be downregulated during the periovulatory period in the bovine species, such as CPD, CYP11A1, CYP19A1, FSHR, LRP8/ ApoER2, and SERPINE2, validated the physiological model and analytical techniques used. For a subset of genes, such as ARFGAP3, CYP11A1, CYP19A1, FSHR, FST, GJA1, IDH3, INHBA, LHCGR, LHCGR lacking exon 10, PRC1, PRG1, RPA2, SCD, and TRIB2, gene expression profiles were compared by virtual Northern blot or reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction from follicles obtained at different developmental stages. Results confirmed a downregulation of the respective mRNAs in GC of OF compared with that of DF. We conclude that we have identified novel genes that are downregulated by hCG in bovine GC of DF during the periovulatory period, which may contribute to follicular growth, ovulation, and/or luteinization.
Knowing What Students Know The Science And Design Of Educational Assessment

Thank you for reading knowing what students know the science and design of educational assessment. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their chosen books like this knowing what students know the science and design of educational assessment, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their laptop.
BONE CHEMISTRY AND PAST BEHAVIOR 421 Components of the mineral portion of cortical bone as percentage of dry weight ( after Armstrong & Singer 1965

Human bone is a complex amalgam of compounds and chemicals--a variety of elements and isotopes--arranged in both organic and inorganic phases. In addition to the major components--calcium, phosphate and water--a number of minor and trace elements are also incorporated during the manufacture of bone tissue. These building materials are obtained by ingestion and the chemical composition of bone is thus in part a reflection of the local environment from which foods are obtained. Both isotopes and trace elements in prehistoric bone have been used to obtain information on human diet and the local environment. These new techniques are outlined here as a means for studying questions such as subsistence, status, and residence. Bone mineralization processes are also discussed as a means for the discovery of paleopathology and disease. Example applications are reviewed to document the potential of such techniques for the reconstruction of the past.
Infants deploy selective attention to the mouth of a talking face when learning speech

The mechanisms underlying the acquisition of speech-production ability in human infancy are not well understood. We tracked 4–12-mo-old English-learning infants’ and adults’ eye gaze while they watched and listened to a female reciting a monologue either in their native (English) or nonnative (Spanish) language. We found that infants shifted their attention from the eyes to the mouth between 4 and 8 mo of age regardless of language and then began a shift back to the eyes at 12 mo in response to native but not nonnative speech. We posit that the first shift enables infants to gain access to redundant audiovisual speech cues that enable them to learn their native speech forms and that the second shift reflects growing native-language expertise that frees them to shift attention to the eyes to gain access to social cues. On this account, 12-mo-old infants do not shift attention to the eyes when exposed to nonnative speech because increasing native-language expertise and perceptual narrowing make it more difficult to process nonnative speech and require them to continue to access redundant audiovisual cues. Overall, the current findings demonstrate that the development of speech production capacity relies on changes in selective audiovisual attention and that this depends critically on early experience.
Bigger Is Better: Characteristics of Round Gobies Forming an Invasion Front in the Danube River

Few studies have systematically investigated differences in performance, morphology and parasitic load of invaders at different stages of an invasion. This study analyzed phenotype-environment correlations in a fish invasion from initial absence until establishment in the headwater reach of the second largest European river, the Danube. Here, the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) formed 73% of the fish abundance and 58% of the fish biomass in rip-rap bank habitats after establishment. The time from invasion until establishment was only about two years, indicating rapid expansion. Founder populations from the invasion front were different from longer established round goby populations in demography, morphology, feeding behaviour, sex ratio and parasitic load, indicating that plasticity in these traits determines invasion success. Competitive ability was mostly dependent on growth/size-related traits rather than on fecundity. As revealed by stable isotope analyses, specimens at the invasion front had a higher trophic position in the food web and seem to benefit from lower food competition. Somatic performance seems to be more important than investment in reproduction during the early stages of the invasion process and upstream-directed range expansion is not caused by out-migrating weak or juvenile individuals that were forced to leave high density areas due to high competition. This mechanism might be true for downstream introductions via drift. Greater abundance and densities of acanthocephalan endoparasites were observed at the invasion front, which contradicts the expectation that invasion success is determined by lower parasitic pressure in newly invaded areas. Overall, the pronounced changes in fish and invertebrate communities with a dominance of alien species suggest invasional meltdown and a shift of the upper Danube River towards a novel ecosystem with species that have greater resistance to goby predation. This seems to contribute to overcoming biological resistance and improve rapidity of dispersal.
Tool Wear Monitoring Using Acoustic Emissions by Dominant-Feature Identification

Identification and online prediction of lifetime of cutting tools using cheap sensors is crucial to reduce production costs and downtime in industrial machines. In this paper, we use the acoustic emission from an embedded sensor for computation of features and prediction of tool wear. Acoustic sensors are cheap and nonintrusive, coupled with fast dynamic responses as compared with conventional force measurements using dynamometers. A reduced feature subset, which is optimal in both estimation and clustering least squares errors, is then selected using a new dominant-feature identification algorithm to reduce the signal processing and number of sensors required. Tool wear is then predicted using an Auto-Regressive Moving Average with eXogenous inputs model based on the reduced features. Our experimental results on a ball nose cutter in a high-speed milling machine show the effectiveness in predicting the tool wear using only the dominant features. A reduction in 16.83% of mean relative error is observed when compared to the other methods proposed in the literature.
Systematic review of randomised controlled trials of multiple risk factor interventions for preventing coronary heart disease

Abstract Objective: To assess the effectiveness of multiple risk factor intervention in reducing cardiovascular risk factors, total mortality, and mortality from coronary heart disease among adults. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials in workforces and in primary care in which subjects were randomly allocated to more than one of six interventions (stopping smoking, exercise, dietary advice, weight control, antihypertensive drugs, and cholesterol lowering drugs) and followed up for at least six months. Subjects: Adults aged 17-73 years. 903 000 person years of observation were included in nine trials with clinical event outcomes and 303 000 person years in five trials with risk factor outcomes alone. Main outcome measures: Changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, smoking rates, blood cholesterol concentrations, total mortality, and mortality from coronary heart disease. Results: Net decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, smoking prevalence, and blood cholesterol were 4.2 mm Hg (SE 0.19 mm Hg), 2.7 mm Hg (0.09 mm Hg), 4.2% (0.3%), and 0.14 mmol/l (0.01 mmol/l) respectively. In the nine trials with clinical event end points the pooled odds ratios for total and coronary heart disease mortality were 0.97 (95% confidence interval 0.92 to 1.02) and 0.96 (0.88 to 1.04) respectively. Statistical heterogeneity between the studies with respect to changes in mortality and risk factors was due to trials focusing on hypertensive participants and those using considerable amounts of drug treatment, with only these trials showing significant reductions in mortality. Conclusions: The pooled effects of multiple risk factor intervention on mortality were insignificant and a small, but potentially important, benefit of treatment (about a 10% reduction in mortality) may have been missed. Changes in risk factors were modest, were related to the amount of pharmacological treatment used, and in some cases may have been overestimated because of regression to the mean, lack of intention to treat analyses, habituation to blood pressure measurement, and use of self reports of smoking. Interventions using personal or family counselling and education with or without pharmacological treatments seem to be more effective at reducing risk factors and therefore mortality in high risk hypertensive populations. The evidence suggests that such interventions implemented through standard health education methods have limited use in the general population. Health protection through fiscal and legislative measures may be more effective. Key messages The effectiveness of health education approaches modifying lifestyle to prevent coronary heart disease is in doubt Health promotion interventions result in only small changes in risk factors and mortality in the general population In people with hypertension and in other high risk groups risk factor interventions have beneficial effects Health protection by fiscal and legislative means deserves a higher priority
Hidden in Plain Sight

Twice-exceptional students are characterized by the almost paradoxical combination of giftedness accompanied by learning difficulties that hinder their ability to reach their potential in a traditional academic setting. This qualitative study examined the experiences of three twice-exceptional students during transfer to a New Zealand high school. Successful transfer has been shown to be dependent on factors such as the timely handover of accurate and complete student records. Barriers to successful transfer result in disruption in curriculum continuity, which can be especially detrimental for learners with special needs. Using student voice data from interviews and journal entries, the participants’ lived experiences of the transfer process were revealed. Findings suggest that the way in which the twice-exceptional students experienced transfer influenced the development of their personal capabilities as learners in the education setting.
Seeing is believing: observer perceptions of trait trustworthiness predict perceptions of honesty in high-stakes emotional appeals

ABSTRACT Instantaneous first impressions of facial trustworthiness influence the manner in which observers evaluate ensuing information about stranger targets [e.g. Porter, S. , & ten Brinke, L. (2009). Dangerous decisions: A theoretical framework for understanding how judges assess credibility in the courtroom. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 14, 119–134. doi:10.1348/135532508X281520]. In two studies, we examined the association between perceptions of general trustworthiness and honesty assessments in an extremely high-stakes sample – individuals publicly pleading for the return of a missing relative, half of whom had killed the missing individual. In Study 1, observers (N = 131) provided trustworthiness ratings – either before or after viewing and evaluating the honesty of videotaped or audio-only pleas – for a still image that depicted a neutral expression on the face of each pleader. In Study 2, observers (N = 220) evaluated the sincerity of audio pleas paired either with an untrustworthy-looking target, a trustworthy-looking target, or no target face. Collectively, our findings indicated that first impressions of trait trustworthiness form the basis of state judgments of honesty, potentially contributing to misguided credibility assessments and miscarriages of justice in the legal system.
Alterations in Glutamate Transporter Protein Levels in Kindling‐Induced Epilepsy

Abstract: There is increasing evidence that levels of glutamate are elevated in certain brain regions immediately prior to and during induction and propagation of seizures. Modulation of high‐affinity glutamate uptake is a potential mechanism responsible for the elevated levels observed with seizures. To date, three distinct Na+‐dependent glutamate transporters have been cloned from rat and rabbit: GLT‐1, GLAST, and EAAC‐1. We performed a series of experiments to determine whether levels of these transporters are altered in amygdala‐kindled rats. Levels of GLT‐1, GLAST, and EAAC‐1 were examined in three brain regions (hippocampus, piriform cortex/amygdala, and limbic forebrain) by quantitative immunoblotting using subtype‐specific antibodies. GLAST protein was down‐regulated in the piriform cortex/amygdala region of kindled rats as early as 24 h after one stage 3 seizure and persisting through multiple stage 5 seizures. In contrast, kindling induced an increase in EAAC‐1 levels in piriform cortex/amygdala and hippocampus once the animals had reached the stage 5 level. No changes in GLT‐1 were observed in any region examined. Changes in transporter levels could contribute to the changes in glutamate levels seen with kindling.
Common Neutralization Epitope in Minor Capsid Protein L2 of Human Papillomavirus Types 16 and 6

ABSTRACT Studies of virus neutralization by antibody are a prerequisite for development of a prophylactic vaccine strategy against human papillomaviruses (HPVs). Using HPV16 and -6 pseudovirions capable of inducing β-galactosidase in infected monkey COS-1 cells, we examined the neutralizing activity of mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that recognize surface epitopes in HPV16 minor capsid protein L2. Two MAbs binding to a synthetic peptide with the HPV16 L2 sequence of amino acids (aa) 108 to 120 were found to inhibit pseudoinfections with HPV16 as well as HPV6. Antisera raised by immunizing BALB/c mice with the synthetic peptide had a cross-neutralizing activity similar to that of the MAb. The data indicate that HPV16 and -6 have a common cross-neutralization epitope (located within aa 108 to 120 of L2 in HPV16), suggesting that this epitope may be shared by other genital HPVs.
Complexity of Finding Equilibria of Plurality Voting Under Structured Preferences

We study the complexity of finding pure Nash equilibria in voting games over well-known restricted preference domains, such as the domains of single-peaked and single-crossing preferences. We focus on the Plurality rule, and, following the recent work of Elkind et al.[15], consider three popular tie-breaking rules (lexicographic, random-candidate, and random-voter) and two types of voters' attitude: lazy voters, who prefer to abstain when their vote cannot affect the election outcome, and truth-biased voters, who prefer to vote truthfully in such cases. Elkind~et~al. have shown that for most of these combinations of tie-breaking rules and voters' attitudes finding a Nash equilibrium is NP-hard; in contrast, we demonstrate that in almost all cases this problem is tractable for preferences that are single-peaked or single-crossing, under mild technical assumptions.
$M$ -Description Lattice Vector Quantization: Index Assignment and Analysis

In this paper, we investigate the design of symmetric entropy-constrained multiple description lattice vector quantization (MDLVQ), more specifically, MDLVQ index assignment. We consider a fine lattice containing clean similar sublattices with S -similarity. Due to the S -similarity of the sublattices, an M-fraction lattice can be used to regularly partition the fine lattice with smaller Voronoi cells than a sublattice does. With the partition, the MDLVQ index assignment design can be translated into a transportation problem in operations research. Both greedy and general algorithms are developed to pursue optimality of the index assignment. Under high-resolution assumption, we compare the proposed schemes with other relevant techniques in terms of optimality and complexity. Following our index assignment design, we also obtain an asymptotical close-form expression of k-description side distortion. Simulation results on coding different sources of Gaussian, speech and image are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
Assessing the Conservation Value of Shade-Grown Coffee: a Biological Perspective using Neotropical Birds

Shade-grown coffee has been marketed as a less intensive management practice that may help improve biodiversity conservation (Perfecto et al. 1996). Studies have shown higher species richness in shade-grown coffee than sun, however, effects on bird species of conservation concern are not clear. This study uses two international conservation lists produced by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) to evaluate potential benefits for Neotropical birds. Sixty-six species of birds observed in coffee grown with a shade component were found on either the IUCN or CITES lists. An alternative approach may be to use range-restricted endemic birds as indicators of conservation success (ICBP 1992). Countries with high numbers of these endemics are among the highest-ranked producers of coffee. Biodiversityfriendly agriculture is only in its infancy, with coffee as an important test case. Improved assessment and monitoring of species at risk, Neotropical birds in this case, can provide an important guide for future research while improving consumer confidence in this complicated effort.
Prognostic relevance of circulating matrix metalloproteinase‐2 in acute myeloid leukaemia patients

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were postulated to have important implication in progression and invasiveness of many malignant disorders. On the other hand the biological role of MMP‐2 in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is not fully clear. Serum samples from 37 adult patients with AML had been taken before chemotherapy was administered. In addition 20 out of the 37 patients were analysed again after achieving complete remission (CR). Ten samples from healthy volunteers were evaluated as the control. Total MMP‐2 levels were measured using ELISA Kit obtained from R&D system. MMP‐2 serum levels were significantly lower in pretreatment AML patients than that in the normal controls (p = 0.000) and in CR (p = 0.007). No significant correlations were detected between pretreatment sMMP‐2 levels and FAB subtypes, peripheral blood blast cell counts, peripheral blood WBCs, bone marrow blast cell counts or blast cell distribution ratio. The prognostic value of MMP‐2 was evaluated by dividing AML patients into high and low MMP‐2 groups using the pretreatment median MMP‐2 level of the AML group as the cut‐off. The authors found that patients in the high group survived for a significantly shorter time than those patients in the lower MMP‐2 group. High pretreatment levels of sMMP‐2 among AML patients were associated with poor survival. Prospective studies are recommended to establish the clinical value of longitudinal sMMP‐2 measurement. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Bifactor Model of School Engagement

School engagement involves cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components that overlap conceptually. This conceptual ambiguity has led to measures that have either consisted of one general factor or separate correlated factors. However, neither approach can sufficiently account for both the uniqueness and the overlap of the subcomponents. The bifactor model has been recommended to determine the degree to which a measure is unidimensional versus multidimensional. In this study, we examined the validity of a multidimensional measure of school engagement in adolescence, the Behavioral-Emotional-Cognitive School Engagement Scale (BEC-SES; Li & Lerner, 2013), by comparing the model fit and predictive power of the widely-used one- and three-factor models with a bifactor model. Using data from 561 youth in Iceland (46% girls, Mage at Wave 1 = 14.3 years, SD = 0.3), only the multidimensional models (i.e., the three-factor and bifactor models) gave a good fit to the data. We then assessed the predictive power of the multidimensional models for academic achievement. The addition of academic achievement as an outcome variable to the bifactor model revealed that general school engagement, as well as specific behavioral engagement, predicted achievement. These findings are distinct from previous results using three-factor models, which indicated that behavioral engagement alone predicted later achievement. The results of the current study support the use of a bifactor model when using measures of school engagement.