Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Online Popularity Under Promotion: Viral Potential, Forecasting, and the Economics of Time

Modeling the popularity dynamics of an online item is an important open problem in computational social science. This paper presents an in-depth study of popularity dynamics under external promotions, especially in predicting popularity jumps of online videos, and determining effective and efficient schedules to promote online content. The recently proposed Hawkes Intensity Process (HIP) models popularity as a non-linear interplay between exogenous stimuli and the endogenous reactions. Here, we propose two novel metrics based on HIP: to describe popularity gain per unit of promotion, and to quantify the time it takes for such effects to unfold. We make increasingly accurate forecasts of future popularity by including information about the intrinsic properties of the video, promotions it receives, and the non-linear effects of popularity ranking. We illustrate by simulation the interplay between the unfolding of popularity over time, and the time-sensitive value of resources. Lastly, our model lends a novel explanation of the commonly adopted periodic and constant promotion strategy in advertising, as increasing the perceived viral potential. This study provides quantitative guidelines about setting promotion schedules considering content virality, timing, and economics.
Transcriptional Profiling of Cross Pathway Control in Neurospora crassa and Comparative Analysis of the Gcn4 and CPC1 Regulons

ABSTRACT Identifying and characterizing transcriptional regulatory networks is important for guiding experimental tests on gene function. The characterization of regulatory networks allows comparisons among both closely and distantly related species, providing insight into network evolution, which is predicted to correlate with the adaptation of different species to particular environmental niches. One of the most intensely studied regulatory factors in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the bZIP transcription factor Gcn4p. Gcn4p is essential for a global transcriptional response when S. cerevisiae experiences amino acid starvation. In the filamentous ascomycete Neurospora crassa, the ortholog of GCN4 is called the cross pathway control-1 (cpc-1) gene; it is required for the ability of N. crassa to induce a number of amino acid biosynthetic genes in response to amino acid starvation. Here, we deciphered the CPC1 regulon by profiling transcription in wild-type and cpc-1 mutant strains with full-genome N. crassa 70-mer oligonucleotide microarrays. We observed that at least 443 genes were direct or indirect CPC1 targets; these included 67 amino acid biosynthetic genes, 16 tRNA synthetase genes, and 13 vitamin-related genes. Comparison among the N. crassa CPC1 transcriptional profiling data set and the Gcn4/CaGcn4 data sets from S. cerevisiae and Candida albicans revealed a conserved regulon of 32 genes, 10 of which are predicted to be directly regulated by Gcn4p/CPC1. The 32-gene conserved regulon comprises mostly amino acid biosynthetic genes. The comparison of regulatory networks in species with clear orthology among genes sheds light on how gene interaction networks evolve.
Inhalation device options for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

ABSTRACT Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation, resulting from abnormalities in the airway and/or damage to the alveoli. Primary care physicians manage the healthcare of a large proportion of patients with COPD. In addition to determining the most appropriate medication regimen, which usually includes inhaled bronchodilators with or without inhaled corticosteroids, physicians are charged with optimizing inhalation device selection to facilitate effective drug delivery and patient adherence. The large variety of inhalation devices currently available present numerous challenges for physicians that include: (1) gaining knowledge of and proficiency with operating different device classes; (2) identifying the most appropriate inhalation device for the patient; and (3) providing the necessary education and training for patients on device use. This review provides an overview of the inhalation device types currently available in the United States for delivery of COPD medications, including information on their successful operation and respective advantages and disadvantages, factors to consider in matching a device to an individual patient, the need for device training for patients and physicians, and guidance for improving treatment adherence. Finally, the review will discuss established and novel tools and technology that may aid physicians in improving education and promoting better adherence to therapy.
The impact of school fruit tuck shops and school food policies on children’s fruit consumption: a cluster randomised trial of schools in deprived areas

Aims: To estimate the impact of school fruit tuck shops on children’s consumption of fruit and sweet and savoury snacks. Design: Cluster randomised effectiveness trial with school as the unit of randomisation. Setting: 43 primary schools in deprived areas in south Wales and south-west England with a range of school food policies. Intervention: Schools operated fruit tuck shops throughout one academic year. Control schools did not do so. Measures: Repeated cross-sections of children aged 9–11 years completed a computerised 24-hour recall questionnaire at baseline (n = 1902) and at 1-year follow-up (n = 1924), when a brief questionnaire was also completed (n = 1976). Results: Approximately 70 000 fruits were sold in the 23 intervention schools over the year, equivalent to 0.06 fruits per student per day. Children in intervention schools were more likely to report eating fruit as a snack at school ‘often’ (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.95). There were no significant differences in children’s intake of fruit or other snacks. There was a significant interaction (p<0.02) between the intervention group and school food policy: where students were only allowed to bring fruit to school, fruit consumption was 0.37 portions per day (0.11 to 0.64) higher in intervention schools, compared to 0.14 portions (−0.30 to 0.58) where no food was allowed and −0.13 portions (−0.33 to 0.07) where there were no restrictions. Conclusions: In isolation, fruit tuck shops were not effective in changing children’s snacking behaviour in schools. However, the results suggest that fruit tuck shops had a greater impact when reinforced by school policies restricting the types of foods students were allowed to bring to school.
Involvement of Nrf2, p38, B-Raf, and Nuclear Factor-κB, but Not Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, in Induction of Hemeoxygenase-1 by Dietary Polyphenols

The highly inducible enzyme, hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), metabolizes heme, thereby protecting a variety of cells against oxidative stress and apoptosis. Up-regulation by cancer chemopreventive agents has been reported, but its regulation and function in transformed cells are unclear. We compared induction by two dietary polyphenols, curcumin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), with that by the endogenous substrate hemin in epithelial and endothelial cells and examined the relevance to apoptosis. Curcumin or hemin (20 μM) induced HO-1 in breast cells from 5 to 24 h. Curcumin (5-40 μM) or hemin (5-100 μM) induced HO-1 and nuclear levels of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor (Nrf2) in a dose-dependent manner. EGCG had no effect in breast cells, but at 30 μM, it induced nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in B-lymphoblasts. In all cases, induction was inhibited by pretreatment with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (LY294002) or the p38 inhibitor 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)1H-imidazole (SB203580). The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-DNA binding inhibitor helenalin (20 μM) also prevented induction. However, wortmannin had no effect, suggesting that PI3K was not involved. Curcumin and hemin also induced nuclear Nrf2 and HO-1 effectively in wild-type mouse embryo fibroblasts (wt MEFs) and in B-Raf-/- MEFs but not in Nrf2-/- MEFs. However, EGCG (5-20 μM) induced HO-1 only in wt MEFs. Results suggest that signaling through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, NF-κB, and Nrf2 as well as other unidentified molecules is involved in HO-1 induction by hemin and both polyphenols, but cell-specific factors also play a role, particularly with respect to EGCG. Induction of HO-1 by curcumin, EGCG, or low concentrations (5-10 μM) of helenalin did not protect MDA-MB468 breast cells or B-lymphoblasts from apoptosis.
Signaling Pathways that Mediate Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Effects of Exercise Training

© 2012 Oliveira et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Signaling Pathways that Mediate Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Effects of Exercise Training
Secondary metabolites and bioactivities of Myrtus communis

Background: Myrtus species are characterized by the presence of phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, volatile oils and fatty acids. They are remedies for variety of ailments. This study therefore investigated medicinal effects of Myrtus communis L. Methods: Bioactivity studies of Myrtus communis L. leaves were carried out on volatile oil, 7% methanol and aqueous extracts and the isolated compounds myricetin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside, myricetin 3-O-∝–rhamnopyranoside and gallic acid. Results: Determination of the median lethal dose (LD50) revealed that the volatile oil, alcoholic and aqueous extracts were practically nontoxic and highly safe as no lethality was observed. The tested materials (volatile oil, alcoholic and aqueous extracts, myricetin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside, myricetin 3-O-∝–rhamnopyranoside and gallic acid) showed significant antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects as compared with control groups and reference drugs. Conclusion: Administration of extracts of M. communis leaves could be safe at the dose used in this study.
A novel fluid resuscitation protocol: provide more protection on acute kidney injury during septic shock in rats.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effects of a novel fluid resuscitation protocol (early fluid resuscitation plus 2% hydrogen inhalation) on acute kidney injury during septic shock induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats. METHODS Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 15 per group): control group (C), septic shock group (S), septic shock with early fluid resuscitation group (R), and septic shock with early fluid resuscitation plus 2% hydrogen inhalation group (R+R+H2). The rats were ventilated, and a 2% hydrogen mixture was used in Group R+H2. Lipopolysaccharide (10 mg/kg) was administered to establish the septic shock model in rats and fluid resuscitation was performed in Groups R and R+R+H2. RESULTS Fluid resuscitation with 2% hydrogen inhalation decreased serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. It also reduced oxidative stress injury and decreased renal tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 levels compared with fluid resuscitation alone. CONCLUSION Early fluid resuscitation plus 2% hydrogen inhalation provided more protection against AKI during septic shock.
Stressor-burnout relationship in software development teams

Burnout is an experience relevant not only to psychosocial professions, but also to technical work. It is predicted that in a technical profession work stressors are related to burnout and that this relationship is moderated by control at work, task requirements, and the quality of team interaction. In a sample of 180 software professionals from 29 software development projects, stressors were found to be positively related to burnout measures. Control at work, complexity at work, and openness to criticism within the team were all found to be significantly negatively related to lack of identification. Moderated regression analyses revealed that high cognitive requirements, high learning requirements, and low competition within the team enhanced the relationship between stressors and burnout.
Cerebrovascular Response to Infused 5‐Hydroxytryptamine in the Baboon Part 2. 5‐Hydroxytryptamine Infusion in Estrogen and Progesterone Treated Animals

The effect of intracarotid infusion of 5- hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on cerebral blood flow was studied in five female baboons 7 days after intramuscular injection of slow release estrogen and progesterone. The control values for total cerebral blood flow, grey matter flow, and white matter flow were 38.9,57.5 and 11.0 ml/min/100 gm of tissue respectively. There was a statistically significant decrease in total, grey and white matter blood flow during infusion of 5-HT at dosages ranging from 0.5 to 10.0 Mg/kg/min. The study indicates that in female baboons pretreated with estrogen and progesterone, intracarotid infusion of 5-HT produces a dose dependent decrease in cerebral blood flow, which did not occur in control animals.
The prevalence of, and molecular defects underlying, inherited protein S deficiency in the general population

The molecular basis of protein S (PS) deficiency was investigated in seven of eight donors identified with persistently low plasma PS levels from a survey of PS levels in 3788 Scottish blood donors. PROS1 gene analysis identified at least one defect in six donors. Five were heterozygous for the Heerlen polymorphism predicting a Ser460Pro substitution. Haplotype analysis revealed the possibility that this allele was inherited with the same haplotype in four of the five donors, suggesting a founder effect for the Heerlen allele in this population. One Heerlen allele carrier was also heterozygous for a 3 bp deletion 68–72 bp upstream of exon 2. Platelet PROS1 transcript analysis showed no reduction in mRNA expression from the affected allele in this donor. A T to G transversion 3 bp upstream of exon 12 was identified in one donor, which is predicted to reduce the efficiency of PS mRNA splicing. However, PROS1 transcript analysis showed no evidence of exon skipping or cryptic splicing. No PROS1 gene defect was detected in the remaining donor. This genetic information enabled us to refine our estimate of the prevalence of heritable PS deficiency in the Scottish population to between 0·16% and 0·21%, predominantly resulting from the presence of the Heerlen allele.
The spin Nernst effect in tungsten

The spin Nernst effect, direct conversion of heat current to spin current, is observed in W/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures. The spin Hall effect allows the generation of spin current when charge current is passed along materials with large spin-orbit coupling. It has been recently predicted that heat current in a nonmagnetic metal can be converted into spin current via a process referred to as the spin Nernst effect. We report the observation of the spin Nernst effect in W. In W/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures, we find changes in the longitudinal and transverse voltages with magnetic field when temperature gradient is applied across the film. The field dependence of the voltage resembles that of the spin Hall magnetoresistance. A comparison of the temperature gradient–induced voltage and the spin Hall magnetoresistance allows direct estimation of the spin Nernst angle. We find the spin Nernst angle of W to be similar in magnitude but opposite in sign to its spin Hall angle. Under an open-circuit condition, this sign difference results in the spin current generation larger than otherwise. These results highlight the distinct characteristics of the spin Nernst and spin Hall effects, providing pathways to explore materials with unique band structures that may generate large spin current with high efficiency.
Lies and Biased Evaluation: A Real-Effort Experiment

This paper presents the results of a laboratory experiment in which workers perform a real-effort task and supervisors report the workers’ performance to the experimenter. The report is non verifiable and determines the earnings of both the supervisor and the worker. We find that not all the supervisors, but at least one third of them bias their report. Both selfish black lies (increasing the supervisor's earnings while decreasing the worker's payoff) and Pareto white lies (increasing the earnings of both) according to Erat and Gneezy (2009)'s terminology are frequent. In contrast, spiteful black lies (decreasing the earnings of both) and altruistic white lies (increasing the earnings of workers but decreasing those of the supervisor) are almost non-existent. The supervisors' second-order beliefs and their decision to lie are highly correlated, suggesting that guilt aversion plays a role.
Association of Tellurite Resistance with Hypervirulent Clonal Groups of Klebsiella pneumoniae

ABSTRACT Tellurite-based selective growth media are used for several bacterial pathogens. We found that, in Klebsiella pneumoniae, tellurite resistance is strongly associated with hypervirulent clonal group 23 (CG23), CG65, and CG86, providing a novel approach for screening environmental or carriage samples. The terW gene was also associated with these groups.
Polyester vs. Bovine Pericardial Patching during Carotid Endarterectomy: Early Neurologic Events and Incidence of Restenosis

Purpose The aim of this report was to compare polyester vs. bovine pericardial patching during CEA with regards to the incidence of early neurologic events and recurrent stenosis. Patients and methods One hundred and twenty-five consecutive patients with high grade symptomatic (14%) or asymptomatic (86%) carotid artery stenosis (>70%) who underwent 139 CEAs by a single surgeon between January 1997 and April 2001 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were assessed postoperatively clinically and with routine follow-up duplex scanning. Recurrent stenosis was defined as a narrowing in the common or internal carotid artery of more than 50% by duplex ultrasound examination. Results From January 1997 to May 1999, a polyester patch was routinely used in 81 (58%) patients, while between June 1999 and April 2001, a bovine pericardium patch was exclusively used in 59 (42%) patients. There were no ipsilateral postoperative TIAs or strokes in either group. The combined 30-day mortality rate for both groups was 0.8%. One patient in the polyester patch group died from cardiopulmonary complications 10 days after discharge. The length of follow-up in the bovine pericardial patch group was 3–28 months (mean 12 months), while in the polyester patch group was 1–50 months (mean 24.5 month). One patient developed a carotid pseudoaneurysm of the suture line in the bovine pericardium patch group caused by a local infection after previous neck dissection and radiation. The incidence of recurrent stenosis was two patients (4%) in the bovine pericardium group as opposed to six patients (7.6%) in the polyester patch group. Conclusion Although this is a preliminary report, it is concluded that bovine pericardium provides excellent perioperative results and is at least comparable to polyester patching in terms of safety. Our study with short term follow up suggests that bovine pericardium patching during carotid endarterectomy may have a lower restenosis rate compared to knitted polyester patching. Clear superiority of bovine pericardium as a patch material awaits a prospective randomised study with long-term follow-up.
TorsinB – perinuclear location and association with torsinA

The torsins comprise a four‐member family of AAA+ chaperone proteins, including torsinA, torsinB, torp2A and torp3A in humans. Mutations in torsinA underlie early onset torsion dystonia, an autosomal dominant, neurologically based movement disorder. TorsinB is highly homologous to torsinA with its gene adjacent to that for torsinA on human chromosome 9q34. Antibodies have been generated which can distinguish torsinA and torsinB from each other, and from the torps in human and rodent cells. TorsinB (∼ MW 38 kDa), like torsinA (∼ MW 37 kDa), is an N‐glycosylated protein and both reside primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and nuclear envelope in cultured cells. Immunoprecipitation studies in cultured cells and human brain tissue indicate that torsinA and torsinB are associated with each other in cells. Overexpression of both wild‐type torsinB and mutant torsinA lead to enrichment of the protein in the nuclear envelope and formation of large cytoplasmic inclusions. We conclude that torsinB and torsinA are localized in overlapping cell compartments within the same protein complex, and thus may carry out related functions in vivo.
Correlation and sex differences between ankle and knee cartilage morphology determined by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging

Objective: To study the correlation between ankle and knee cartilage morphology to test the hypothesis that knee joint cartilage loss in gonarthritis can be estimated retrospectively using quantitative MRI analysis of the knee and ankle and established regression equations; and to test the hypothesis that sex differences in joint surface area are larger in the knee than the ankle, which may explain the greater incidence of knee osteoarthritis in elderly women than in elderly men. Methods: Sagittal MR images (3D FLASH WE) of the knee and hind foot were acquired in 29 healthy subjects (14 women, 15 men; mean (SD) age, 25 (3) years), with no signs joint disease. Cartilage volume, thickness, and joint surface area were determined in the knee, ankle, and subtalar joint. Results: Knee cartilage volumes and joint surface areas showed only moderate correlations with those of the ankle and subtalar joint (r = 0.33 to 0.81). The correlations of cartilage thickness between the two joints were weaker still (r = −0.05 to 0.53). Sex differences in cartilage morphology at the knee and the ankle were similar, with surface areas being −17.5% to −23.5% lower in women than in men. Conclusions: Only moderate correlations in cartilage morphology of healthy subjects were found between knee and ankle. It is therefore impractical to estimate knee joint cartilage loss a posteriori in cross sectional studies by measuring the hind foot and then applying a scaling factor. Sex differences in cartilage morphology do not explain differences in osteoarthritis incidence between men and women in the knee and ankle.
RECOVERY OF THE CONFIGURATION OF A SET OF SPACE-TIME EVENTS FROM THEIR MUTUAL MINKOWSKI DISTANCES

The recovery of a set of points in an N -dimensional vector space from their set of mutual distances has a long history. In 1938 Young and Householder gave necessary and sufficient conditions for a set of numbers to be the set of mutual distances between a collection of real points in Euclidean space and gave methods for determining the configuration of these points up to translation and rotation. In this paper we generalise these results to pseudo-Euclidean spaces with indefinite metrics, such as Minkowski space-time. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for a matrix to be the pseudo-Gram matrix of a set of vectors in a space with indefinite metric. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for a set of mutual squared distances to be consistent a set of points laying in a particular pseudo-Euclidean space and discuss the extent to which the configuration of a set of points can be recovered from their mutual distances. We use our methods to develop fast tests for the common causality of a set of time-of-arrival events from mutual Minkowski distances