Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anthropometric study using craniofacial features to determine gender in Lucknow population

Background: Gender is one of the main characteristics analyzed for positive human identification in forensic medicine. The methods involving physical anthropology present high rate of accuracy for human identification and gender estimation. Aim: This study aimed to determine gender through different craniofacial variables using physical anthropometric methods. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 individuals (50 males and 50 females) in Lucknow. Variables studied through physical anthropometry in both the genders were facial height, nasion-to-menton distance, interzygomatic arch width, and intercanthal width using a digital sliding caliper. All the measurements were taken twice. The final value was the average of the two obtained values. Results: Comparing the mean craniofacial features between two genders, t-test revealed significantly higher facial height, pronasale-to-menton distance, and interzygomatic width in males as compared to females, but the mean intercanthal width was found to be the same. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between facial height and pronasale-to-menton distance, facial height and interzygomatic width, pronasale-to-menton distance and interzygomatic width, and interzygomatic width and intercanthal width. Conclusion: The craniofacial features may serve as diagnostic markers for gender identification and can be used interchangeably.
Screening and analysis of anti-A431 cell proliferative fraction of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. extract

To investigate the anti-human epidermal squamous-cell carcinoma A431 cell proliferative fraction of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. and to determine chamaejasmine B content in the fraction. Anti-A431 cell proliferative activity of various Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. fractions, which were extracted using ethanol extraction and with different solvents, were screened by MTT assay to identify the active fraction. Chamaejasmine B content in the active fraction was determined by HPLC. Ethyl ether fraction showed more pronounced anti-proliferation activity on A431 cells. Ethyl ether fraction was the active fraction, in which chamaejasmine b content was 30.6%. IC50 of ethyl ether fraction of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. for A43l cells at 48 h was 40 μmol/L. At this dose, A431 cell growth inhibition rate was (53.2 ± 0.31%). Ethyl ether extract is the anti-A431 cell proliferative fraction of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. HPLC determination of chamaejasmine B content in active fraction is an accurate, reproducible and convenient method. We preliminarily conclude that the higher the chamaejasmine B content in the active fraction, the stronger its anti-proliferative effect on A431 cells.
High-speed texture measurement of pavements.

This study was conducted to validate high-speed texture measuring equipment for use in highway applications. The evaluation included two high-speed systems and a new static referencing device. Tests were conducted on 22 runway and taxiway test sections from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Wallops Flight Facility and 7 surfaces from Virginia's Smart Road. Texture estimates recorded with the high-speed (dynamic) equipment correlated extremely well with estimates made with static referencing methods. The system developed by International Cybernetics Corporation was very functional for most conventional highway surfaces. However, a better correlation may be achieved with the referencing methods by using a system (such as the MGPS surface system developed by the Federal Highway Administration) that produces the American Society for Testing and Materials' standard mean profile depth. Finally, an analysis conducted using the CTMeter (circular track meter, a laser-based but static system) demonstrated an important advantage of combining indices produced from high-definition surface profiles. By comparing the mean profile depth with the root mean square data for a particular surface, it is possible to characterize more fully the shapes that contribute to a pavement's macrotexture.
Statistical Analysis and Modeling of Brain Tumor Data: Histology and Regional Effects

Comprehensive statistical models for non-normally distributed cancerous tumor sizes are of prime importance in epidemiological studies, whereas a long term forecasting models can facilitate in reducing complications and uncertainties of medical progress. The statistical forecasting models are critical for a better understanding of the disease and supply appropriate treatments. In addition such a model can be used for the allocations of budgets, planning, control and evaluations of ongoing efforts of prevention and early detection of the diseases. In the present study, we investigate the effects of age, demography, and race on primary brain tumor sizes using quantile regression methods to obtain a better understanding of the malignant brain tumor sizes. The study reveals that the effects of risk factors together with the probability distributions of the malignant brain tumor sizes, and plays significant role in understanding the rate of change of tumor sizes. The data that our analysis and modeling is based on was obtained from Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program of the United States. We also analyze the discretely observed brain cancer mortality rates using functional data analysis models, a novel approach in modeling time series data, to obtain more accurate and relevant forecast of the mortality rates for the US. We relate the cancer registries, race, age, and gender to age-adjusted brain cancer mortality rates and compare the variations of these rates during the period of the study that data was collected.
Latency System Throughput Resource Utilization Power and Energy Life-time Reliability Thermal Stability Performance Driven Throughput Driven Lifetime Reliability Driven Varying Workload and User Demands Time Goal System Aberrations and Constraints Hierarchical Dynamic Goal

Many-core systems are highly complex and require thorough orchestration of different goals across the computing abstraction stack to satisfy embedded system constraints. Contemporary resource management approaches typically focus on a fixed objective, while neglecting the need for replanning (i.e., updating the objective function). This trend is particularly observable in existing resource allocation and application mapping approaches that allocate a task to a tile to maximize a fixed objective (e.g., the cores’ and network’s performance), while minimizing others (e.g., latency and power consumption). However, embedded system goals typically vary over time, and also over abstraction levels, requiring a new approach to orchestrate these varying goals. We motivate the problem by showcasing conflicts resulting from state-of-the-art fixed-objective resource allocation approaches, and highlight the need to incorporate dynamic goal management from the very early stages of design. We then present the concept of a Hierarchical Dynamic Goal Manager (HDGM) that considers the priority, significance, and constraints of each application, while holistically coupling the overlapping and/or contradicting goals of different applications to satisfy embedded system constraints.
Processing of spatial sounds in human auditory cortex during visual, discrimination and 2-back tasks

Previous imaging studies on the brain mechanisms of spatial hearing have mainly focused on sounds varying in the horizontal plane. In this study, we compared activations in human auditory cortex (AC) and adjacent inferior parietal lobule (IPL) to sounds varying in horizontal location, distance, or space (i.e., different rooms). In order to investigate both stimulus-dependent and task-dependent activations, these sounds were presented during visual discrimination, auditory discrimination, and auditory 2-back memory tasks. Consistent with previous studies, activations in AC were modulated by the auditory tasks. During both auditory and visual tasks, activations in AC were stronger to sounds varying in horizontal location than along other feature dimensions. However, in IPL, this enhancement was detected only during auditory tasks. Based on these results, we argue that IPL is not primarily involved in stimulus-level spatial analysis but that it may represent such information for more general processing when relevant to an active auditory task.
Effect of postweaning growth and bulls selected for extremes in retail beef yield and intramuscular fat on progeny liveweight and carcass traits

The present study is a component of a multi-site experiment, using Bos taurus cattle generated at four locations across southern Australia, designed to examine postweaning growth pathways for progeny whose sires were extreme in retail beef yield and intramuscular fat. Treatment and interaction effects on beef production and meat quality were examined within and across sites. The present paper describes the effect of postweaning growth and sire carcass type on liveweight and carcass traits at the Hamilton site. Angus sires selected on estimated breeding values for extremes in retail beef yield (RBY%), intramuscular fat (IMF%) (estimated breeding values for IMF% are derived by using live-animal ultrasound scanning) or both and sire breed types considered to be more extreme in those traits (Limousin, and Belgian Blue for yield, and Wagyu for intramuscular fat) were joined to crossbred and straight-bred cows. After weaning, the resultant 645 steer and heifer progeny were grown on a fast and slow growth path to ~550 kg and slaughtered, averaging 0.68 kg/day and 22.2 months, and 0.49 kg/day and 27.8 months for growth rate and age at slaughter, respectively. Growth path, sire carcass type and sex affected carcass traits; however, there were no sire carcass type by growth treatment interactions. The fast growth-path cattle were fatter, had more intramuscular fat (measured chemically), a higher Meat Standards of Australia (MSA) USA and AUS marble score, and a higher predicted MSA eating-quality score. Progeny of Wagyu sires were lighter at weaning and slaughter and had a lower hot standard carcass weight than the other sire carcass types. The Belgian Blue and Limousin progeny had a higher dressing percentage, a higher RBY% and a lower P8 and rib-fat depth and lower IMF% than the other sire breed types. Progeny of the high RBY% Angus had a lower rib-fat depth, a lower IMF% and higher RBY% than those selected for high IMF%. There was no difference in IMF% between the Wagyu or the high IMF% Angus. Progeny from the Belgian Blue, Limousin and Wagyu had a larger eye muscle area than the other sire breeds. The results indicate that simultaneous selection for supposedly antagonistic traits of IMF% and RBY% would result in carcass having high values of both measurements. Females were lighter than steers at slaughter, had a lower hot standard carcass weight, were fatter at the P8 and rib, and had a higher marble score and IMF%, a lower yield and a lower MSA-predicted eating-quality score than did steers. There was no interaction between postweaning growth and sire carcass type. These results indicate that with the use of appropriate sire carcass types and BREEDPLAN, and post-weaning nutrition, beef producers can confidently change carcass parameters to suit market specifications.
Reducing Salt in Raw Pork Sausages Increases Spoilage and Correlates with Reduced Bacterial Diversity

ABSTRACT Raw sausages are perishable foodstuffs; reducing their salt content raises questions about a possible increased spoilage of these products. In this study, we evaluated the influence of salt reduction (from 2.0% to 1.5% [wt/wt]), in combination with two types of packaging (modified atmosphere [50% mix of CO2-N2] and vacuum packaging), on the onset of spoilage and on the diversity of spoilage-associated bacteria. After 21 days of storage at 8°C, spoilage was easily observed, characterized by noticeable graying of the products and the production of gas and off-odors defined as rancid, sulfurous, or sour. At least one of these types of spoilage occurred in each sample, and the global spoilage intensity was more pronounced in samples stored under modified atmosphere than under vacuum packaging and in samples with the lower salt content. Metagenetic 16S rRNA pyrosequencing revealed that vacuum-packaged samples contained a higher total bacterial richness (n = 69 operational taxonomic units [OTUs]) than samples under the other packaging condition (n = 46 OTUs). The core community was composed of 6 OTUs (Lactobacillus sakei, Lactococcus piscium, Carnobacterium divergens, Carnobacterium maltaromaticum, Serratia proteamaculans, and Brochothrix thermosphacta), whereas 13 OTUs taxonomically assigned to the Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae, and Leuconostocaceae families comprised a less-abundant subpopulation. This subdominant community was significantly more abundant when 2.0% salt and vacuum packaging were used, and this correlated with a lower degree of spoilage. Our results demonstrate that salt reduction, particularly when it is combined with CO2-enriched packaging, promotes faster spoilage of raw sausages by lowering the overall bacterial diversity (both richness and evenness). IMPORTANCE Our study takes place in the context of raw meat product manufacturing and is linked to a requirement for salt reduction. Health guidelines are calling for a reduction in dietary salt intake. However, salt has been used for a very long time as a hurdle technology, and salt reduction in meat products raises the question of spoilage and waste of food. The study was conceived to assess the role of sodium chloride reduction in meat products, both at the level of spoilage development and at the level of bacterial diversity, using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and raw pork sausage as a meat model.
Simulations of preindustrial, present-day, and 2100 conditions in the NASA GISS composition and climate model G-PUCCINI

A model of atmospheric composition and climate has been developed at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) that includes composition seamlessly from the surface to the lower mesosphere. The model is able to capture many features of the observed magnitude, distribution, and seasonal cycle of trace species. The simulation is especially realistic in the troposphere. In the stratosphere, high latitude regions show substantial biases during period when transport governs the distribution as meridional mixing is too rapid in this model version. In other regions, including the extrapolar tropopause region that dominates radiative forcing (RF) by ozone, stratospheric gases are generally well-simulated. The model's stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) agrees well with values inferred from observations for both the global mean flux and the ratio of Northern (NH) to Southern Hemisphere (SH) downward fluxes. Simulations of preindustrial (PI) to present-day (PD) changes show tropospheric ozone burden increases of 11% while the stratospheric burden decreases by 18%. The resulting tropopause RF values are −0.06 W/m 2 from stratospheric ozone and 0.40 W/m 2 from tropospheric ozone. Global mean mass-weighted OH decreases by 16% from the PI to the PD. STE of ozone also decreased substantially during this time, by 14%. Comparison of the PD with a simulation using 1979 pre-ozone hole conditions for the stratosphere shows a much larger downward flux of ozone into the troposphere in 1979, resulting in a substantially greater tropospheric ozone burden than that seen in the PD run. This implies that reduced STE due to stratospheric ozone depletion may have offset as much as 2/3 of the tropospheric ozone burden increase from PI to PD. However, the model overestimates the downward flux of ozone at high Southern latitudes, so this estimate is likely an upper limit. In the future, the tropospheric ozone burden increases by 101% in 2100 for the A2 scenario including both emissions and climate changes. The primary reason is enhanced STE, which increases by 124% (168% in the SH extratropics, and 114% in the NH extratropics). Climate plays a minimal role in the SH increases, but contributes 38% in the NH. Chemistry and dry deposition both change so as to reduce tropospheric ozone, partially in compensation for the enhanced STE, but the increased ozone influx dominates the burden changes. The net RF due to projected ozone changes is 0.8 W/m 2 for A2. The influence of climate change alone is −0.2 W/m 2 , making it a substantial contributor to the net RF. The tropospheric oxidation capacity increases seven percent in the full A2 simulation, and 36% due to A2 climate change alone.
Expression profiling and clinicopathological significance of DNA methyltransferase 1, 3A and 3B in sporadic human renal cell carcinoma.

PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the expression of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) family proteins in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and to assess the clinical significance and prognostic value of their expression patterns. METHODS A total of 97 renal cell carcinoma and 52 no-tumor tissues were recruited for immunohistochemical analysis of their expression. RESULTS DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B proteins were highly expressed in clear cell RCC, papillary RCC and chromophobe RCC tissues than that of no-tumor tissues (all P < 0.05). DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B expression was significantly associated with tumor size (P=0.003, 0.001 and 0.003, respectively), tumor pathology stage (P=0.039, 0.034 and 0.037, respectively), histopathological grading (P=0.042, 0.026 and 0.031, respectively), lymph node metastasis (P=0.022, 0.030 and 0.020, respectively) and vascular invasion (P=0.042, 0.031 and 0.044, respectively). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that expression of DNMTs protein in RCC was significantly associated with shorter over all survival and disease-free survival (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that the expression of DNMT1 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) (P=0.036), and the expression of DNMT3A or DNMT3B was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (DFS) in the patients (P=0.031 and P=0.023, respectively). CONCLUSIONS DNMTs were higher expressed in RCC than no-tumor tissues, and the expression of DNMTs were strongly associated with RCC tumor size, tumor pathology stage, histological grading, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, recurrence, and prognosis. DNMTs may thus serve as prognostic markers and novel therapeutic targets for RCC patients.
Papaya black seeds have beneficial anticancer effects on PC-3 prostate cancer cells

Aim: The study investigated the effect of papaya seeds on prostate cancer (PC) using PC-3 cell line because papaya seeds have effects on the male reproductive system notably decreasing sperm concentration, motility, and viability, leading to azoospermia after short-to-long-term treatment. Methods: The black seeds from yellow (ripe) papaya and white seeds from green (unripe) papaya were harvested and then extracted in water, 80% methanol, and hexane. The cytotoxic effects of seeds extracts were determined using a WST-1 proliferation assay. The amount of total polyphenols was determined using Folin Ciocalteu reagent. Results: The methanol extracts from black seeds significantly (P < 0.05) decreased cell proliferation of PC-3 cells whereas hexaneand water-extracts have no effect. However, the water-extract from white seeds stimulated PC cell proliferation. The black seeds contained significantly more polyphenols than that of white seeds. The data suggest that black seeds from papaya have anticancer effects on PCs whereas white seeds stimulated prostate cancer proliferation. The anticancer effect of black seeds may be because of their high concentration of polyphenols. Conclusion: The black seeds from papaya may have a potential to reduce growth of prostate cells; however, consumption of white seeds should be avoided as they may stimulate pre-existing prostate cancer.
Discrimination between Outcomes in Instrumental Learning: Effects of Preexposure to the Reinforcers

In two experiments rats received instrumental training with two response levers, one response being reinforced by sucrose solution and the other by sucrose pellets. Prior to a test session, on which both levers were made available in the absence of reinforcement, the rats were given free access to one of the reinforcers, a procedure known to reduce its value. It was found that the rats responded at a lower rate on the lever that had produced the now-devalued reinforcer, but that this effect was substantial only in rats that had received preexposure to the two reinforcers before instrumental training was begun (Experiment 1). Experiment 2 demonstrated that this effect was obtained only when presentations of the two reinforcers were presented according to an inter-mixed schedule during preexposure. It is suggested that this result constitutes an instance of the perceptual learning effect in which intermixed preexposure to similar events enhances their discriminability.
Bilingual children with primary language impairment: 3 months after treatment.

BACKGROUND Evidence on the treatment effectiveness for bilingual children with primary language impairment (PLI) is needed to advance both theory and clinical practice. Of key interest is whether treatment effects are maintained following the completion of short-term intense treatments. AIMS To investigate change in select language and cognitive skills in Spanish-English bilingual children with PLI 3 months after children have completed one of three experimental treatment conditions. There are two main study aims. First, to determine if skills in Spanish, English and cognitive processing decline, improve or are maintained after treatment has been completed. Second, to determine if differential rates of change are a function of the type of treatment children received. METHODS & PROCEDURES Participants were 48 children, aged 5:6-11:3, who spoke Spanish and English and were diagnosed with moderate to severe PLI. Participants received 6 weeks of treatment focused on English only (EO), bilingual skills in Spanish and English (BI) or nonlinguistic cognitive processing (NCP). Treatment effects reported in a previous study were determined by comparing pre- and post-treatment performance on a variety of language and cognitive measures. Here we re-administered each measure 3 months after completion of the experimental treatments. Hierarchical linear models were calculated for each measure using pre-, post- and follow-up testing scores to estimate change trajectories and compare outcomes between treatment conditions. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Participants in all three treatment conditions either maintained skills or showed improvement even after treatment was discontinued for 3 months. Main findings included (1) comparable, positive rates of change on all English language outcomes for EO and BI conditions; (2) maintenance of Spanish language skills, and (3) modest improvements in NCP following the discontinuation of treatment. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS This study is the first to examine longer-term treatment effects for bilingual school-age children with PLI. Differences in rates of change between languages and between treatment conditions are discussed in terms of social and cognitive processes that impact children's language systems. The main findings have at least two implications for clinical practice: (1) therapy that emphasizes focused practice in language and cognitive processing skills may promote gains in children's language learning abilities; and (2) bilingual treatment does not detract from outcomes in English, the language of the majority community for study participants.