Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rethinking civil society

Most studies of civil society are mainly normative, both in their conceptualization and in their theoretical assumptions. We suggest a new, or better a revised, research agenda of the study of civil society, which should include (at least) these four points. First, the concept of civil society should be seen as a heuristic device. Second, the separation between 'civil society' and 'uncivil society' makes sense only in a normative framework, and then exclusively with uncivil society defined as a sub-set of civil society. Third, empirical research on civil society should study the nature of the relationship between civil society organizations and democracy/democratization, rather than assume it. Fourth,'uncivil' movements and contentious politics should be included in the study of civil society.
Organizational Justice in Sport Organizations: Perceptions of College Athletes and Other College Students

Prior research has found that coaches and administrators at NCAA institutions believed distributing resources equally or based on program needs was fairer than distributing them based on program contributions. The current studies build on these findings by examining the views of fairness among college athletes and other college students in a hypothetical intercollegiate athletics setting (N = 150) and a hypothetical sport business setting (N = 150). In both settings, equality of treatment and need are most likely to be chosen as the fairest allocation methods. Although there are no group differences in the sport business setting, chi-square analysis and analysis of fairness ratings indicate some group differences in the intercollegiate athletics setting. Women are stronger supporters of equal distributions and equal reductions, whereas men are more supportive of making decisions based on need and contribution of the program.
Stability and Change in Patterns of Peer Rejection

Poor school adjustment is a known correlate of peer rejection in childhood. However, the impact of change in sociometric status on children's academic performance over time is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether improvement or decline in children's sociometric status would predict corresponding changes in their academic performance trajectories. Two hundred and seventy-two boys and 252 girls in Florence, Italy (mean age at Time 1: 7.42 years) and their teachers participated in this 18-month investigation. Hierarchical linear models indicated that children who were rejected by their peers across the four measurement points of the study demonstrated consistently worse academic performance than did children who were not rejected throughout, whereas children who were regularly accepted by their peers performed better in school than did their peers who were rejected one or more times. A number of children who became rejected exhibited an academic decline, but others who became accepted showed improvement. The implications of these results for children, parents, teachers and school administrators are discussed.
Education Technology , Human Capital Distribution and Growth

The paper studies differences in education technology and their effects on growth and on income distributions. Our overlapping generations economy has the following features: (1) consumers are heterogenous with respect to ability and parental human capital; (2) intergenerational transfers take place via parental education and, public investments in education financed by taxes (possibly, with a level determined by majority voting); (3) due to investment in human capital, which is a factor of production, we have endogenous growth. Besides exploring several variations in the production of human capital, some attributed to ’home-education’ and others related to ’publiceducation’, we indicate how the level of public education can lead to negative growth rates and affect the intragenerational income inequality along the equilibrium path. JEL classification: D91; E25; H52
Who Is the Loser When I Lose the Game? Does Losing an Advergame Have a Negative Impact on the Perception of the Brand?

Many computer games are based on the principle of competition, making the outcome of the game, namely, the prospect of victory and the threat of defeat, a key element. A lab experiment was conducted to study the effects of a game's outcome on the player's mood, brand attitude, and game attitude as well as the experience of flow (N = 95; between-subject design: game lost versus game won versus no induction of the game outcome). The results show that although winners are not in a better mood after the game, they rate the game as better and assess the brands advertised more positively than before they played the game. They have an increased likelihood of experiencing flow, whereas no significant effects of losing the game could be detected due to the total mediation of the flow experience in the case of the losing condition.
Exploring the utility of workload models in academe: a pilot study

The workload of academics in Australia is increasing. Among the potential ramifications of this are work-related stress and burnout. Unions have negotiated workload models in employment agreements as a means of distributing workload in a fair and transparent manner. This qualitative pilot study aimed to explore how academics perceive their current workload and the utility of workload formulas within their workplace. The findings revealed five themes: scepticism, anger, vindication, justice and balance. Workload models appear to have utility within academia as a means of balancing role expectations in an equitable and transparent manner. They are also useful for demonstrating workloads to management objectively and identifying staff at increased risk of burnout because of inappropriately high workloads. Problematic issues identified were perceptions that workload models are management tools to control and monitor the workplace, and their implementation would not result in change.
Lessons learned: Staff perceptions of the Nintendo Wii as a health promotion tool within an aged-care and disability service.

ISSUE ADDRESSED enhancing opportunities for all older people to be physically and mentally active is an imperative in our ageing society. Lessons learned from the use of the Nintendo Wii within Queensland agedcare and disability services were assembled through eliciting staff perceptions regarding the usefulness of Wii technology within their centres. METHODS telephone interviews were conducted with direct care staff in 53 centres that had been using the Wii technology for at least three months. Content analysis of interview data identified the major response patterns raised by staff. RESULTS staff noted that Wii activities were easy to master for more able clients and that there was minimal risk to clients. Staff reported that these activities provided health promoting physical benefits (mobility, range of motion, dexterity, coordination, distraction from pain) and psychosocial gains (social engagement, self-esteem, mastery, ability to pacify challenging behaviours) and were a useful adjunct to other care practices within these aged-care and disabilities services. CONCLUSIONS staff believed that Wii activities provided purposeful and meaningful opportunities to promote wellbeing for aged and disabled clients within an aged-care and disability service. However, Wii activities were less successful with clients who had significant cognitive and/or physical disabilities.
Joking Violence Among Highly Committed Individuals

Adopting a cognitive consistency framework, this study explores whether targets of physical violence reinterpret severely violent behaviors to be relatively benign. It was suggested that relationship commitment figures prominently in reinterpreting violence. Fifty-four participants who indicated on a measure of partner violence that their current relationship partner had engaged in at least one act of physical violence during a conflict also completed an almost identical measure that assessed the same acts of physical violence in a different context: when playing or joking around with a partner. Participants also completed a measure of relationship commitment. Consistent with hypotheses, only highly committed individuals who experienced substantial violence during a conflict reported severely violent behaviors as comprising mere instances of “joking around. ”
Central Role for Interleukin-2 in Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes presents clinically with overt hyperglycemia resulting from progressive immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells and associated metabolic dysfunction. Combined genetic and immunological studies now highlight deficiencies in both the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor and its downstream signaling pathway as a central defect in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Prior intervention studies in animal models indicate that augmenting IL-2 signaling can prevent and reverse disease, with protection conferred primarily by restoration of regulatory T-cell (Treg) function. In this article, we will focus on studies of type 1 diabetes noting deficient IL-2 signaling and build what we believe forms the molecular framework for their contribution to the disease. This activity results in the identification of a series of potentially novel therapeutic targets that could restore proper immune regulation in type 1 diabetes by augmenting the IL-2 pathway.
Center for the Study of Liberal Education for Adults

In its last round of grants prior to dissolution, the Fund for Adult Education made generous provisions for the continuation of the Center for the Study of Liberal Education for Adults. Necessarily the support was at a reduced scale. The Center staff devoted more than a year to a careful consideration of the crucial aspects of this program which should be continued under a reduced budget. University administrators af adult education were consulted at all points. With this statement, originally made to all Association of University Evening Colleges and National Uni versity Extension Association deans and directors and others with whom the Center works directly, Director A. A. Liveright shares with the field the Center's decisions regarding the directions the new core program will take. Although the Center works primarily with higher education, it has made contributions to many segments of adult education, and we be lieve this memorandum will be of interest to readers of Adult Education.
Correlation Products and Risk Management Issues

Unlike standard derivatives instruments, correlation products contain nonseparable risk, meaning that the price sensitivity of one risk factor is a function of the level of another risk factor. This article outlines the pricing and hedging of one type of correlation product, the differential swap, to show how nonseparable risk may escape traditional methods of assessing the risk of institutions' portfolios. The article considers the implications of correlation products for supervisory and institutional practices and concludes with a brief discussion of some ways nonseparable risk may be managed.
Non-Standard Work Arrangements And Disability Income

Lisa Schur is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Labor Studies and Employment Relations of Rutgers University (50 Labor Center Way, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, 732-932-1743, Lschur@rci.rutgers.edu). Douglas Kruse is a Professor in the Department of Human Resource Management of Rutgers University (94 Rockafeller Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, 732-445-5991, dkruse@rci.rutgers.edu). This report benefited from excellent research assistance by Haejin Kim and Judy Amorski, and valuable comments by Kevin Hallock.
Provably secure ciphertext policy ABE

In ciphertext policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE), every secret key is associated with a set of attributes, and every ciphertext is associated with an access structure on attributes. Decryption is enabled if and only if the user's attribute set satisfies the ciphertext access structure. This provides fine-grained access control on shared data in many practical settings, e.g., secure database and IP multicast. In this paper, we study CP-ABE schemes in which access structures are AND gates on positive and negative attributes. Our basic scheme is proven to be chosen plaintext (CPA) secure under the decisional bilinear Diffie-Hellman (DBDH) assumption. We then apply the Canetti-Halevi-Katz technique to obtain a chosen ciphertext (CCA) secure extension using one-time signatures. The security proof is a reduction to the DBDH assumption and the strong existential unforgeability of the signature primitive. In addition, we introduce hierarchical attributes to optimize our basic scheme - reducing both ciphertext size and encryption/decryption time while maintaining CPA security. We conclude with a discussion of practical applications of CP-ABE.
Hartanah Kediaman Tidak Terjual: Kajian Kes di Negeri Johor (Unsold Residential Property: A Case Study in the State of Johor)

Unsold residential units become a critical issue that should be addressed immediately, to ensure the high demand for housing by the urban population are fulfilled. The question is, why the issue of unsold residential properties occurred, while at the same time there are many complaints about shortage of housing supply in urban area. This article attempts to answer these questions by identifying the causes and factors that lead to property units cannot be sold, leading to the phenomenon of abandoned housing projects. Data collection methods adopted in this study involved in-depth interviews with agencies and parties involved in the housing sector, such as developers and buyers. Economic institutional approach was used in analyzing the factors that cause this phenomenon. The results showed that the issue of residential unsold units occurs due to both formal and informal factors. Formal regulatory constraints lead to the unclear definition of unsold unit among the implementing agents, conventional systems and recovery procedures for abundant housing project. While informal regulatory constraints involve developers’ attitudes, conventional buying factor, developers’ reputation and buyers’ attitudes. Keywords: Properties; unsold residential; housing sector; institutional economics approach; urban population ABSTRAK Unit hartanah kediaman tidak terjual menjadi isu kritikal yang perlu ditangani segera bagi memastikan permintaan tinggi terhadap unit kediaman oleh penduduk bandar dapat dipenuhi. Persoalannya, mengapakah wujud isu hartanah kediaman tidak terjual sedangkan terdapat banyak rungutan masalah ketidakcukupan rumah di sesebuah bandar. Sehubungan itu, makalah ini cuba menjawab persoalan tersebut dengan mengenal pasti punca dan faktor yang menyebabkan unit hartanah tidak dapat dijual, sehingga membawa kepada fenomenon projek perumahan terbengkalai. Kaedah pengutipan data yang diguna pakai dalam kajian ini melibatkan temu bual secara mendalam dengan agensi-agensi dan pihak-pihak yang terlibat dengan sektor perumahan seperti pemaju dan pembeli. Pendekatan institusi ekonomi telah digunakan dalam menganalisis faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan fenomenon ini. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa isu unit hartanah kediaman tidak terjual berlaku disebabkan oleh faktor-faktor formal dan tidak formal. Kekangan peraturan formal menjurus kepada definisi unit tidak terjual dalam kalangan ejen pelaksana, sistem konvensional pembinaan rumah dan prosedur pemulihan projek terbengkalai. Manakala kekangan peraturan informal menjurus kepada sikap pemaju, faktor konvensional pembelian rumah, reputasi pemaju dan sikap pembeli. Kata kunci: Hartanah; kediaman tidak terjual; sektor perumahan; institusi ekonomi; penduduk bandar
The Influence of British Policy on Industrial Development in the Princely States of India, 1890-1933

In an earlier paper, I have tried to show that the political system of indirect rule was one cause of the economic backwardness of the princely states’ relative to British India in 1931.2 Since Britain was the paramount power in India, it seems appropriate to ask whether its actions and policies to which the princely states had to conform could have been a factor. In this paper, I would like to examine British policy toward commerce and industry in the states and its possible effects on economic growth.3 3
Differential effects of arousal in positive and negative autobiographical memories

Autobiographical memories are characterised by a range of emotions and emotional reactions. Recent research has demonstrated that differences in emotional valence (positive vs. negative emotion) and arousal (the degree of emotional intensity) differentially influence the retrieved memory narrative. Although the mnemonic effects of valence and arousal have both been heavily studied, it is currently unclear whether the effects of emotional arousal are equivalent for positive and negative autobiographical events. In the current study, multilevel models were used to examine differential effects of emotional valence and arousal on the richness of autobiographical memory retrieval both between and within subjects. Thirty-four young adults were asked to retrieve personal autobiographical memories associated with popular musical cues and to rate the valence, arousal and richness of these events. The multilevel analyses identified independent influences of valence and intensity upon retrieval characteristics at the within- and between-subject levels. In addition, the within-subject interactions between valence and arousal highlighted differential effects of arousal for positive and negative memories. These findings have important implications for future studies of emotion and memory, highlighting the importance of considering both valence and arousal when examining the role emotion plays in the richness of memory representation.
Mid-term results of heart transplantation in diabetic patients.

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been considered a relative contraindication to heart transplantation (HTx) because of possible increased infection rates and worsening DM with prednisone immunosuppression. The introduction of cyclosporine has allowed us to reduce the dosage of oral steroids and to accept DM patients (pts) for HTx. We reviewed the mid-term outcome of our DM pts who had undergone HTx. MATERIALS AND METHODS Out of 257 HTx recipients, 19 males and 3 females, aged 53 +/- 8 years, were diabetic. Prior to HTx, DM was controlled with insulin in 5, with oral hypoglycemic agents in 7 and with diet in the remaining patients. Immunosuppression consisted of cyclosporine and azathioprine; low-dose prednisone was added in 10 patients because of repeated rejections. RESULTS All patients survived HTx and were followed 2 to 75 (mean 38 +/- 21) months. There were 4 late deaths, with actuarial survival of 84% at 5 years. DM was more difficult to control after HTx (12 patients requiring insulin vs 5 pre-HTx), but comparison of diabetic vs non diabetic patients following HTx showed no significant difference in frequency of rejection or infection during the 1st year (2.6 +/- 1.6 vs 2.1 +/- 1.5; 0.5 +/- 0.4 vs 0.4 +/- 0.3 episode/patient respectively) and in 5-year actuarial survival (84% vs 77%). Renal function is preserved in all DM patients, hypertension has developed in 11/18 (61%); annual post-HTx cardiac catheterisation has shown normal graft function and coronary arteries in all but 2 patients. CONCLUSIONS Mid-term results indicate that HTx can be safely performed in diabetic patients; a longer follow-up is required to determine whether DM is no longer a contraindication to HTx.
Studying Intellectual Outliers

By studying samples of intellectual outliers across 30 years, researchers can leverage right-tail data (i.e., samples at or above the 95th percentile on tests of ability) to uncover missing pieces to two psychological puzzles: whether there are sex differences in cognitive abilities among smart people, and whether test scores are rising (a phenomenon known as the Flynn effect) among smart people. For the first puzzle, data indicate that the high male-to-female ratio among extremely high scorers on measures of math ability has decreased dramatically, but is still likely one factor among many explaining female underrepresentation in some professions. For the second puzzle, data indicate that the right tail has risen at a similar rate as the general (or middle portion of the) distribution; it is thus likely that the entire curve is rising at a relatively constant rate, consistent with the Flynn effect, which may explain why a greater number of gifted students have been identified in recent years. However, the causes for these gains and whether they reflect real gains in intelligence continue to remain a mystery. We show how these two puzzles are linked and stress the importance of paying attention to the entire distribution when attempting to address some scientific questions.
Elemental carbon exposure and lung function in schoolchildren from Mexico City

Though exposure to air pollution has a detrimental effect on respiratory health, few studies have examined the association between elemental carbon exposure and lung function among schoolchildren. The aim of the present study was to present the association between short-term elemental carbon exposure and lung function in schoolchildren from Mexico City. 55 asthmatic and 40 non-asthmatic children were followed for an average of 22 weeks. A spirometry test was performed every 15 days during follow-up. Portable air samplers collected particulate matter onto Teflon filters. Gravimetric analysis was conducted and elemental carbon was quantified using transmission densitometry. The association between the main variables was analysed using linear mixed effects models. The mean±sd of elemental carbon light absorption was 92.7±54.7 Mm−1. An increase of one interquartile range in the 24-h average of elemental carbon (100.93 Mm−1) was associated with a significant negative impact on forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (-62.0 (95% CI -123.3– -1.2) mL) and forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of forced vital capacity (FVC) (FEF25–75%) (-111 (95% CI -228.3– -4.1) mL) among asthmatic children, equal to 3.3% and 5.5%, respectively; and on FEV1 (-95.0 (95% CI -182.3– -8.5) mL) and FVC (-105.0 (95% CI -197.0– -13.7) mL) among non-asthmatic children. Exposure to elemental carbon resulted in an important negative effect on lung function in atopic schoolchildren, regardless of asthma status.
Temporal Embeddedness and Signals of Trustworthiness: Experimental Tests of a Game Theoretic Model in the United Kingdom, Russia, and Switzerland

Based on signalling theory, Posner (1998, 2000) suggests that seemingly irrational behaviour or social norms emerge because they help to distinguish agents who prefer to engage in repeated cooperative interactions (long-term types) from agents with immediate non-cooperative incentives (short-term types). In this article, we formalize Posner's theory in a signalling trust game, derive hypotheses from our model, and test them empirically in a series of laboratory experiments in the United Kingdom, Russia, and Switzerland. Our results are surprisingly robust across the three countries and in line with most of our hypotheses. However, contrary to our main hypothesis, the introduction of a signalling opportunity does not increase the overall level of trust in our experiments and even reduces it under certain conditions. We argue that this is due to a high proportion of short-term types honouring trust because of non-selfish motives. Our results show that if a priori levels of trust and trustworthiness are high, introducing a signalling opportunity that is meant to distinguish long-term and short-term types may have a counterproductive effect.