Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study of age gaps between online friends

User attribute extraction on social media has gain considerable attention, while existing methods are mostly supervised which suffer great difficulty in insufficient gold standard data. In this paper, we validate a strong hypothesis based on homophily and adapt it to ensure the certainty of user attribute we extracted via weakly supervised propagation. Homophily, the theory which states that people who are similar tend to become friends, has been well studied in the setting of online social networks. When we focus on age attribute, based on this theory, online friends tend to have similar age. In this work, we take a step further and study the hypothesis that the age gap between online friends become even smaller in a larger friendship clique. We empirically validate our hypothesis using two real social network data sets. We further design a propagation-based algorithm to predict online users' age, leveraging the clique-based hypothesis. We find that our algorithm can outperform several baselines. We believe that this method could work as a way to enrich sparse data and the hypothesis we validated would shed light on exploring the proximity of other user attributes such as education as well.
Uncertainty aversion, robust control and asset holdings

Optimal portfolio rules are derived under uncertainty aversion by formulating the portfolio choice problem as a robust control problem, with ambiguity aversion with respect to the joint distribution of assets and the distribution of each risky asset. Robust portfolio rules indicate that the total holdings of risky assets as a proportion of the investor’s wealth may increase as compared with the holdings under the Merton rule, which is the standard risk-aversion case. This result departs from the general belief that ambiguity aversion induces conservative behavior. We also show that an investor following optimal robust portfolio rules increases the holdings of the asset for which there is less ambiguity, and reduces the holdings of the asset for which there is more ambiguity, a result that might provide an additional explanation for the home bias puzzle.
Measuring the Utility of Gaze Detection for Task Modeling: A Preliminary Study

Search engines present readers with a list of documents ranked by predicted relevance to a keyword query. Salient sections of documents that are selected for examination can be highlighted using similar techniques. An ability to restructure information presentation based on an analyst’s initial interactions with an information space might improve search outcomes. This study takes the first steps towards designing an analysis environment in which structural overlays evolve in response to an analyst’s actions. Two sources of implicit feedback are explored: topical similarity to material included in a very brief written report, and eye behavior patterns. Results indicate that using eye-tracking can be as effective as lexical overlap, but more work is needed.
Early sexual abuse and lifetime psychopathology: a co-twin–control study

Background. This study was designed to determine lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders among twins who reported childhood sexual abuse (CSA), and to compare these rates with those among non-abused co-twins. The contribution of familial and individual-specific factors to reported sexual abuse was also examined. Method. Information about lifetime psychopathology and substance use was obtained by structured telephone interviews with 5995 Australian twins. Twins who reported a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) were contrasted on lifetime psychopathology with subjects without such a history; in addition, comparisons were made between same-sex twin pairs discordant for CSA. Results. A history of CSA was reported by 5·9% of the women and 2·5% of the men. In the sample as a whole, those reporting CSA were more likely to receive lifetime diagnoses of major depression, conduct disorder, panic disorder and alcoholism, and were more likely to report suicidal ideation and a history of suicide attempt. Abused women, but not men, were also more likely to report social phobia. When comparisons were restricted to non-abused co-twins, no differences in psychopathology were seen. However, rates of major depression, conduct disorder and suicidal ideation were higher if both co-twins were abused than if the respondent alone reported CSA. Model-fitting indicated that shared environmental factors influenced risk for reported CSA in women, but not in men. Conclusion. The association between CSA and psychopathology arises at least in part through the influence of shared familial factors on both risk of victimization and risk of psychopathology.
Investigation of Justice Sensitivity and its Relationship with Altruism among Undergraduates

There has been a lot of research on justice sensitivity in psychology abroad, but it has just begun in China. 392 students from universities in Nanjing and Shanghai were measured by the Justice Sensitivity Inventory and the Self-report Altruism Scale. The results were as follows: (1) The level of justice sensitivity is relatively high, especially the perpetrator sensitivity and beneficiary sensitivity;(2)There are significant differences of gender, age, major, academic performance, appearance and family economic status in justice sensitivity;(3)Justice sensitivity is significantly related to altruism, the perpetrator sensitivity and the total score of justice sensitivity also positively predict altruism while the victim sensitivity negatively forecasts it. The finding’s implications of psychology and policy were discussed, with emphasis on the reasons that there are many grouping differences in the justice sensitivity.
Teachers’ enactments of curriculum: Fidelity to Procedure versus Fidelity to Goal for scientific argumentation

ABSTRACT Fidelity of implementation (FOI) has received attention in calls for funding and research; however, there are numerous ways of conceptualising and measuring this construct. We argue that this conceptualisation is important for recent reform efforts focused on science practices. Consequently, we explored FOI in the context of the enactment of a middle-school curriculum focused on one particular science practice, argumentation. We coded videos of five teachers’ enactments of argumentation lessons using two different fidelity coding schemes. First, Fidelity to Procedure targeted teachers’ adherence to the order and types of procedures. Second, Fidelity to Goal examined teachers’ adherence to the overarching argumentation goals. This analysis resulted in case studies that illustrate distinct patterns in the teachers’ curriculum enactments. One case in particular, Ms Newbury, received a low score for Fidelity to Procedure, but a high score for Fidelity to Goal. She altered procedures to provide her students, all of whom were English Language Learners, with different linguistic supports, but maintained the overarching argumentation goals. Consequently, we argue that FOI for goals may better capture whether teachers’ enactments are supporting students in the science practices. Furthermore, the results suggest the importance of educative curriculum including rationales for the curricular goals.
Intestinal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: natural history and surveillance guidelines

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are associated to an increased risk of colorectal cancer, which is primarily related to long-standing chronic inflammation. Recognized risk factors are the duration and extent of the disease, severe endoscopic and histological inflammation, primary sclerosing cholangitis, family history of colorectal cancer and in some studies young age at diagnosis. Recent population-based studies have shown that the risk is lower than previously described or even similar to that of the general population, and this could be justified by methodological aspects (hospital-based vs. population-based studies) or by a true decrease in the risk related to a better control of the disease, the use of drugs with chemoprotective effect or the spread of endoscopic surveillance in high-risk patients. Apart from colorectal cancer, patients with IBD are prone to other intestinal neoplasms (lymphoma, small bowel adenocarcinoma, pouch neoplasia and perianal neoplasia). In this article, the magnitude of the risk of intestinal cancer, the risk factors, the natural history of dysplasia and the recommendations of screening and surveillance in IBD are reviewed.
A Dynamic Systems Approach to the Development of Cognition and Action

Life, said the English novelist Samuel Butler, is like giving a concert on the violin while learning to play the instrument. Butler's insight-that there are no distinct training and performance modes in development succinctly captures the activity-dependent nature of the developmental process. For example, imagine a baby learning to walk. Although babies spend a great deal of time failing down, getting up, and falling down again, as far as some parents are concerned, their child's walking seems to magically appear de novo one day. Other parents, however, do appreciate the importance of their baby's ups and downs and believe the old saying that practice makes perfect" in the emergence of walking. Butler's insight, however, suggests a third perspective on the emergence of such novel behavior: namely, that there are no practice modes in development-all activity counts in selecting, constructing, and maintaining behavioral outcomes. This fundamental role that self-generated activity plays in the development of all behavioral functions, ranging from motor behavior to perception, cognition, and social behavior, is a central theme of the dynamic systems approach that is masterfully explicated in the recent book by Esther Thelen and Linda B. Smith. In this book the authors (both developmental psychologists) apply the principles of nonlinear dynamic systems to motor, perceptual, and cognitive development and the result is a remarkable synthesis and advancement of developmental science. Indeed, it would not be an exaggeration to say that this volume offers a revolutionary perspective on the development of cognition and action.
Predicting Lexical Norms: A Comparison between a Word Association Model and Text-Based Word Co-occurrence Models

In two studies we compare a distributional semantic model derived from word co-occurrences and a word association based model in their ability to predict properties that affect lexical processing. We focus on age of acquisition, concreteness, and three affective variables, namely valence, arousal, and dominance, since all these variables have been shown to be fundamental in word meaning. In both studies we use a model based on data obtained in a continued free word association task to predict these variables. In Study 1 we directly compare this model to a word co-occurrence model based on syntactic dependency relations to see which model is better at predicting the variables under scrutiny in Dutch. In Study 2 we replicate our findings in English and compare our results to those reported in the literature. In both studies we find the word association-based model fit to predict diverse word properties. Especially in the case of predicting affective word properties, we show that the association model is superior to the distributional model.
Firm or Private Value: the Redistribution of Corporate Ownership in the Post- Privatization Period (participating and Presenting the Paper) 2. Privatization and Ownership Dynamics 2.1 Slovenian Privatization Model and Equity Redistribution after Privatization 3. Empirical Model and Data 3.1 Data

This paper explores the ownership structure of 572 Slovenian corporations from their privatization to the Slovenian membership in the EU (over 1999-2004). We study the degree of ownership concentration by the largest shareholder and the distribution of ownership among other blockholders with particular focus on unlisted firms. We find that ownership concentrates less in smaller, less risky and worse performing firms. We moreover observe that the formation of shareholder coalitions between homogenous owners partly explains the persistence of multiple blockholders after privatization. The dissolution of these structures is also slower in firms where a higher percentage of equity is held by insiders and privatization investment funds. JEL CLASSIFICATIONS: G32, G34 JFM CLASSIFICATION: 150
Nurses' Attitudes Toward Nursing Research

Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the attitudes of nurses towards research in nursing. Methods: The study involved 202 respondents. The respondents were nurses employed at Osijek Clinical Hospital. The Boothe's Attitudes on Nursing Research Scale was used as an instrument of research – a modified version by Bostrom, A. C. Prior to statistical data processing, respondents were divided into two groups, considering the level of education: vocational nurses and Bachelors of Science in Nursing. By age, respondents were divided into three groups: aged 20 to 35, 36 to 50 and 51 to 65. The differences between the observed groups were tested by the t-test and analysis of variance. Results: There is a statistically significant difference in attitudes towards research given the level of education of the respondents (p = 0.015). Bachelors of Science in Nursing have more positive attitudes towards research ( = 148.5) compared to vocational nurses ( = 141.1). A significant difference in attitudes towards nursing research was determined also with respect to the age of respondents (p = 0.002). Younger nurses have a more positive attitude towards research in nursing ( = 151.5) than middle-aged ( = 140.9) and senior nurses ( = 140.1). There is also a significant difference in the level of motivation for continuing professional education given the respondents’ level of education (p = 0.019). Conclusion: Nurses show mildly positive attitudes towards nursing research. Key words: attitudes towards research, nursing research, nurses
Coevolution of agents and networks in an epidemiological model

We study the spreading of an infection within an SIS epidemiological model on a network. Susceptible agents are given the opportunity of breaking their links with infected agents, and reconnecting those links with the rest of the population. Thus, the network coevolves with the population as the infection progresses. We show that a moderate reconnection frequency is enough to completely suppress the infection. A partial, rather weak isolation of infected agents suffices to eliminate the endemic state.
Mangroves facing climate change: landward migration potential in response to projected scenarios of sea level rise

Mangrove forests prominently occupy an intertidal boundary position where the effects of sea level rise will be fast and well visible. This study in East Africa (Gazi Bay, Kenya) addresses the question of whether mangroves can be resilient to a rise in sea level by focusing on their potential to migrate towards landward areas. The combinatory analy- sis between remote sensing, DGPS-based ground truth and digital terrain models (DTM) unveils how real vegetation assemblages can shift under different projected (minimum (+ 9 cm), relative (+ 20 cm), average (+ 48 cm) and maxi- mum (+ 88 cm)) scenarios of sea level rise (SLR). Under SLR scenarios up to 48 cm by the year 2100, the landward extension remarkably implies an area increase for each of the dominant mangrove assemblages except for Avicennia ma- rina and Ceriops tagal, both on the landward side. On the one hand, the increase in most species in the first three scenar- ios, including the socio-economically most important species in this area, Rhizophora mucronataand C. tagal on the sea- ward side, strongly depends on the colonisation rate of these species. On the other hand, a SLR scenario of + 88 cm by the year 2100 indicates that the area flooded only by equinoctial tides strongly decreases due to the topographical settings at the edge of the inhabited area. Consequently, the landward Avicennia-dominated assemblages will further decrease as a formation if they fail to adapt to a more frequent inundation. The topography is site-specific; however non-invadable areas can be typical for many mangrove settings.
Contact dermatitis in students practicing sports: incidence of rubber sensitisation

Background—Over the last few years, changes in cutaneous homoeostasis resulting from sports activities have been reported. In particular, alterations in sweating mechanisms, the hydrolipid barrier, and surface bacterial flora, together with exposure to atmospheric conditions and the need to use medicaments, detergents, and other topical substances, predispose subjects to allergic contact dermatitis. Objective—To evaluate the incidence of allergic contact dermatitis in a group of young people practising sports activities. Methods—Patch tests were performed to confirm the diagnosis of irritant or allergic dermatitis; in addition, the radioallergoabsorbent test (RAST) to latex was evaluated in the group studied. Results—Allergic contact dermatitis caused by thiourams (23.3%) and mercaptobenzothiazole (20.9%) was prevalent. Other haptens, such as benzocaine and nickel, which are contained in clothing, equipment, topical medicaments, and creams used for massage, were also allergenic. In two cases, RAST positivity to latex was registered. Conclusions—The results suggest that close contact with sports equipment may increase the incidence of allergic contact dermatitis. Students practising certain sports may have “professional” allergic contact dermatitis to additives used in the production of rubber.
Dynamics of ammonia exchange with cut grassland: strategy and implementation of the GRAMINAE Integrated Experiment

Abstract. A major international experiment on ammonia (NH3) biosphere-atmosphere exchange was conducted over intensively managed grassland at Braunschweig, Germany. The experimental strategy was developed to allow an integrated analysis of different features of NH3 exchange including: a) quantification of nearby emissions and advection effects, b) estimation of net NH3 fluxes with the canopy by a range of micrometeorological measurements, c) analysis of the sources and sinks of NH3 within the plant canopy, including soils and bioassay measurements, d) comparison of the effects of grassland management options on NH3 fluxes and e) assessment of the interactions of NH3 fluxes with aerosol exchange processes. Additional technical objectives included the inter-comparison of different estimates of sensible and latent heat fluxes, as well as continuous-gradient and Relaxed Eddy Accumulation (REA) systems for NH3 fluxes. The prior analysis established the spatial and temporal design of the experiment, allowing significant synergy between these objectives. The measurements were made at 7 measurement locations, thereby quantifying horizontal and vertical profiles, and covered three phases: a) tall grass canopy prior to cutting (7 days), b) short grass after cutting (7 days) and c) re-growing sward following fertilization with ammonium nitrate (10 days). The sequential management treatments allowed comparison of sources-sinks, advection and aerosol interactions under a wide range of NH3 fluxes. This paper describes the experimental strategy and reports the grassland management history, soils, environmental conditions and air chemistry during the experiment, finally summarizing how the results are coordinated in the accompanying series of papers.
Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease: The Dual Syndrome Hypothesis

Research into the heterogeneous nature of cognitive impairment documented in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) has focused on disentangling deficits that vary between individuals, evolve and respond differentially to pharmacological treatments, and relate differentially to PD dementia (PDD). We summarise studies conducted in our laboratory over the last 2 decades, outlining the incremental development of our hypotheses, the starting point for which is our early work on executive deficits mirroring fronto-striatal dysfunction. We present subsequent findings linking these deficits to a model of dopaminergic function that conforms to an inverted curvilinear function. We review studies that investigated the range of dopamine-independent attentional and visuospatial memory deficits seen in PD, demonstrating that abnormalities in these domains more accurately predict PDD. We conclude with an exposition of the dual syndrome hypothesis, which distinguishes between dopaminergically mediated fronto-striatal executive impairments and a dementia syndrome with distinctive prodromal visuospatial deficits in which cholinergic treatments offer some clinical benefits.
Reflective and Impulsive Processes Underlying Saving Behavior and the Additional Roles of Self-Control and Habit

Using a dual-process framework, the aim of this research was to investigate the associations between reflective and impulsive processes and saving behavior. Self-control and saving habit were tested as additional factors that potentially moderate the relationship between constructs representing reflective and impulsive processes and behavior, or exert indirect effects on behavior through these systems. A community sample of 594 participants completed measures of saving intention, buying impulsiveness, trait self-control, saving automaticity, and propensity to save money. A well-fitting variance-based structural equation model, goodness-of-fit index = 0.338, average path coefficient = . 119, p < . 001, accounted for statistically significant amounts of variance in the key dependent variables: intention to save, R2 = . 364, buying impulsiveness, R2 = . 232, and saving behavior, R2 = . 173. Self-control and saving habit were indirectly related to saving behavior through intention, and buying impulsiveness was directly related to behavior when saving habits were low. Findings indicate strong saving habits may help to protect against impulsive spending and offer several targets for interventions aimed at improving saving behavior.
Vegan Diet, Subnormal Vitamin B-12 Status and Cardiovascular Health

Vegetarian diets have been associated with atherosclerosis protection, with healthier atherosclerosis risk profiles, as well as lower prevalence of, and mortality from, ischemic heart disease and stroke. However, there are few data concerning the possible cardiovascular effects of a vegan diet (with no meat, dairy or egg products). Vitamin B-12 deficiency is highly prevalent in vegetarians; this can be partially alleviated by taking dairy/egg products in lact-ovo-vegetarians. However, metabolic vitamin B-12 deficiency is highly prevalent in vegetarians in Australia, Germany, Italy and Austria, and in vegans (80%) in Hong Kong and India, where vegans rarely take vitamin B-12 fortified food or vitamin B-12 supplements. Similar deficiencies exist in northern Chinese rural communities consuming inadequate meat, egg or dairy products due to poverty or dietary habits. Vascular studies have demonstrated impaired arterial endothelial function and increased carotid intima-media thickness as atherosclerosis surrogates in such metabolic vitamin B-12 deficient populations, but not in lactovegetarians in China. Vitamin B-12 supplementation has a favourable impact on these vascular surrogates in Hong Kong vegans and in underprivileged communities in northern rural China. Regular monitoring of vitamin B-12 status is thus potentially beneficial for early detection and treatment of metabolic vitamin B-12 deficiency in vegans, and possibly for prevention of atherosclerosis-related diseases.