Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social–Emotional Problems in Early Childhood and the Development of Depressive Symptoms in School-Age Children

Research Findings: The present longitudinal study investigated whether a range of social–emotional difficulties in early childhood predict the development of depressive symptoms in middle childhood. Participants were 56 children and their teachers. Teachers' reports of internalizing and externalizing behaviors were obtained during preschool, and children's displays of negative affect were observed through classroom videotapes in preschool. Children's self-reports of depressive symptoms were collected approximately three and a half years later. Teachers' ratings of social problems and atypical behaviors were positively associated with later depressive symptoms. Teachers' ratings of rule breaking and observed negative affect in preschool were stronger predictors of later depressive symptoms in girls than in boys. Findings point to social non-conformity as an important feature in the developmental course of depressive symptoms. Results lend support to a developmental psychopathology framework, showing change over time across types of social–emotional difficulties in gender-specific directions. Practice or Policy: Findings underscore the role that preschool teachers and classroom observation could play in identifying early risk for depressive symptoms. Results suggest the possible utility of early screening programs for at-risk preschool-aged children. Moreover, results could inform school-based intervention or prevention programs targeting internalizing symptoms, an under-recognized area of children's mental health.
Aminoacyl-tRNA-elongation factor Tu-ribosome interaction leading to hydrolysis of guanosine 5'-triphosphate.

We investigated the elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) dependent binding of Phe-tRNA and Phe-tRNAs with the nicks at positions 46, 37, and 17 to the Escherichia coli 70S ribosome-poly(U)-tRNAPhe complex. Binding of Phe-tRNA1-45 + 47-76, Phe-tRNA1-36 + 38-76, or Phe-tRNA1-16 + 17-76 to the 70S ribosome has been found to be poly(U) X tRNA dependent and, similar to that of intact Phe-tRNA, is inhibited by the antibiotic thiostrepton. We have further found that, contrary to a previous report [Modolell, J., Cabrer, B. , Parmeggiani, A. , & Vazquez, D. (1971) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 68, 1796], the EF-Tu-ribosome GTPase mediated by Phe-tRNA is not inhibited by thiostrepton; rather, the drug stimulates the endogenous GTPase of the EF-Tu X 70S ribosome. Phe-tRNA fragments 47-76, 38-76, and 17-76 all promote the EF-Tu X GTPase reaction in the presence of 70S ribosome-poly(U)-tRNAPhe yeast. Moreover, since the GTPase-promoting activities of both the short and long fragments are similar, it appears that the most important aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid (aa-tRNA) interaction with EF-Tu occurs alongside its 3' quarter. Thiostrepton slightly stimulates the GTPase activity of these Phe-tRNA fragments. Although the Phe-tRNA1-36 + 38-76 cannot bind to poly(U) during its binding to 70S ribosomes, its binding at high Mg2+ concentration occurs at the A site. Thus, most of the bound modified Phe-tRNA functions as the acceptor in the peptidyltransferase reaction. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Moving beyond the minimum: socially just pedagogies and Asperger’s syndrome in UK higher education

A year‐long longitudinal study was conducted to gain insight into the lives of eight students who had a label of Asperger’s syndrome during their transitions into higher education in the UK. Reflecting on life history data, the findings suggest that universities might actually be maintaining and (re)producing barriers that perpetuate the exclusion and ghettoisation of disabled people. The analysis goes beyond an acknowledgement of institutional disabling practices to pinpoint the subtle impacts of issues of pedagogy, learning, teaching, and assessment. It is argued, therefore, that inclusive education needs to engage more directly with the specific issues faced by learners with the label of Asperger’s syndrome. However, rather than viewing this as an issue of special education for distinctly impaired learners, Asperger’s syndrome must be understood with reference to wider questions of how higher educators respond to diversity and difference.
A High-Performance Syntactic and Semantic Dependency Parser

This demonstration presents a high-performance syntactic and semantic dependency parser. The system consists of a pipeline of modules that carry out the to-kenization, lemmatization, part-of-speech tagging, dependency parsing, and semantic role labeling of a sentence. The system's two main components draw on improved versions of a state-of-the-art dependency parser (Bohnet, 2009) and semantic role labeler (Bjorkelund et al., 2009) developed independently by the authors. The system takes a sentence as input and produces a syntactic and semantic annotation using the CoNLL 2009 format. The processing time needed for a sentence typically ranges from 10 to 1000 milliseconds. The predicate--argument structures in the final output are visualized in the form of segments, which are more intuitive for a user.
A content analysis of playboy centrefolds from 1953 through 1990: Changes in explicitness, objectification, and model's age

In this study, the magazine Playboy was subjected to a content analysis. Centrefold models in 430 issues from 1953 through 1990 were coded for explicitness, objectification (e.g., face not visible), and age. Curvilinear trends were observed for both explicitness and objectification, such that explicitness was found to increase over time until leveling off in the early 1980s, and objectification was found to decrease from the 1950s to the late 1960s and then increase slightly during the mid‐1970s. Overall, objectification level was low. The mean age of the models was 21.3 years and increased linearly over time. The results are discussed in relation to assertions that the sexual media not only serve as reflections of sexual standards and attitudes but also as agents in the development of sexual attitudes, including setting standards of attractiveness.
Trends in Total Factor Productivity in Indian Agriculture: State-level Evidence using non-parametric Sequential Malmquist Index

Recognizing the critical role of agricultural sector in the overall growth as well as development performance, this study estimates total factor productivity (TFP) in Indian agriculture at state-level. Using Index of Agricultural Production as the measure of output, changes in TFP are estimated using non-parametric Sequential Malmquist TFP index. The TFP change is decomposed into efficiency change and technical change. It is found that productivity improvements are marked in very few states, and so is technical change. The improvements in efficiency are observed to be low for most of the states and efficiency decline is observed in several states implying huge gains in production possible even with existing technology. In order to achieve higher productivity, it is essential to increase efficiency levels as well as achieve a more even spread of new technology.
Secrets of Success: Uncertainty, Profits and Prosperity in the Gari Economy of Ibadan, 1992–94

Abstract Competition, success and secrecy are fundamental characteristics of the local food economy of Ibadan, Nigeria. With the growth of the processed cassava, or gari, trade throughout this area, these characteristics are revealed in a number of contexts in the food trade. Traders and shopkeepers circulate their wealth and plough profits back into a range of trading items to obscure their exact economic status from other traders and their families. Success in this context entails secrecy in a number of respects. In relation to buyers in the gari trade, secrecy entails the obfuscation of whether the trader deals retail or wholesale, what she is worth in terms of food stocks and her personal wealth. Successful traders also invest their earnings in social celebrations, in their children's education and in personal homes that all work to foster and enhance their social status and validate their wealth. Résumé Concurrence, succès et secret sont les caractéristiques fondamentales de l'industrie alimentaire locale à Ibadan (Nigéria). Avec l'essor du commerce du manioc transformé (ou gari) dans toute la région, ces caractéristiques se révèlent dans plusieurs contextes de l'industrie alimentaire. Les négociants et les commerçants font circuler leurs richesses et réinvestissent leurs bénéfices dans des activités commerciales diverses afin de cacher leur véritable condition économique aux autres commerçants et à leur famille. Dans ce contexte, le succès implique le secret à de nombreux égards. Concernant les acheteurs de gari, le secret consiste à ne pas révéler le fait que le commerçant négocie au détail ou en gros, ni la valeur du commerçant en termes de stocks de produits alimentaires et de richesse personnelle. Les commerçants prospères investissent aussi leurs revenus dans des festivités sociales, dans l'éducation de leurs enfants et dans des résidences personnelles, éléments qui contribuent tous à entretenir et à rehausser leur statut social, ainsi qu'à valider leur richesse.
Building symbolic information for 3D human body modeling from range data

The work is concerned with the signal-to-symbol problem of building skinned, segmented, landmarked and labeled 3D models of the whole human body from range data. A fully automated model based process is presented that takes raw range data, cleans and skins it, and then locates "interesting" features, to enrich the surface with symbolic information for specific applications. The method is validated via volumetrics in medicine and surface anthropometry.
Human Sensorimotor Cortex Represents Conflicting Visuomotor Mappings

Behavioral studies have shown that humans can adapt to conflicting sensorimotor mappings that cause interference after intensive training. While previous research works indicate the involvement of distinct brain regions for different types of motor learning (e.g., kinematics vs dynamics), the neural mechanisms underlying joint adaptation to conflicting mappings within the same type of perturbation (e.g., different angles of visuomotor rotation) remain unclear. To reveal the neural substrates that represent multiple sensorimotor mappings, we examined whether different mappings could be classified with multivoxel activity patterns of functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Participants simultaneously adapted to opposite rotational perturbations (+90° and − 90°) during visuomotor tracking. To dissociate differences in movement kinematics with rotation types, we used two distinct patterns of target motion and tested generalization of the classifier between different combinations of rotation and motion types. Results showed that the rotation types were classified significantly above chance using activities in the primary sensorimotor cortex and the supplementary motor area, despite no significant difference in averaged signal amplitudes within the region. In contrast, low-level sensorimotor components, including tracking error and movement speed, were best classified using activities of the early visual cortex. Our results reveal that the sensorimotor cortex represents different visuomotor mappings, which permits joint learning and switching between conflicting sensorimotor skills.
Toward a motivational model of couple happiness

The present study had two major objectives. The first was to investigate the validity of a motivational model of couple happiness based on self-determination theory. The second objective was to test the postulated simplex structure and the generalizability of the 6 forms of motivation proposed by this theory. Both members of 63 couples individually completed the Couple Motivation Questionnaire as well as measures of perceived couples' adaptive behaviors and of dyadic happiness. Results revealed that the proposed model of couple happiness was supported through significant path analyses explaining 61% and 55% of the variance of men's and women's relationship happiness, respectively. Empirical support was also provided for the postulated simplex structure. Results highlight the importance ofautonomy-driven processes as opposed to controlling and amotivated processes in the development and maintenance of the quality of couples' relationships.
[Impact of laparoscopy on the management of adrenal diseases. A retrospective study of 220 patients].

OBJECTIVE Soon after its introduction in 1992, laparoscopic adrenalectomy became the gold standard in the surgical management of most adrenal tumors. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of laparoscopy on surgical indications. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 1994 and 2003, 220 adrenalectomies were performed, 179 among them by a laparoscopic approach. There were 137 females and 83 males. The mean age was 53 years (range 15-83 years). RESULTS The indications of adrenalectomy were: Cushing syndrome 18%, pheochromocytoma 31%, Conn syndrome 16%, incidentaloma 21%, and malignant tumours 13%. Laparoscopic approach was performed in 81% of the cases and the conversion rate was 11%. There were 3 postoperative deaths (2 after laparoscopy). The mean hospital stay was 7.6 days in the laparoscopic group, and 13.6 days in the open surgery group. CONCLUSIONS This study is consistent with the findings of the literature supporting that there are no indications for the open procedure in case of small benign lesions. The video-asisted adrenalectomy had not changed the management of the adrenal incidentaloma. Today, the laparoscopic approach seems to be adapted also for malignant disease.
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics towards a Better Representation of the Solar Cycle in General Circulation Models

We introduce the improved Freie Universität Berlin (FUB) high-resolution radiation scheme FUBRad and compare it to the 4-band standard ECHAM5 SW radiation scheme of Fouquart and Bonnel (FB). Both schemes are validated against the detailed radiative transfer model libRad-tran. FUBRad produces realistic heating rate variations during the solar cycle. The SW heating rate response with the FB scheme is about 20 times smaller than with FUBRad and cannot produce the observed temperature signal. A reduction of the spectral resolution to 6 bands for solar irradiance and ozone absorption cross sections leads to a degradation (reduction) of the solar SW heating rate signal by about 20%. The simulated temperature response agrees qualitatively well with observations in the summer upper stratosphere and mesosphere where irradiance variations dominate the signal. Comparison of the total shortwave heating rates under solar minimum conditions shows good agreement between FUBRad, FB and libRadtran up to the middle mesosphere (60–70 km) indicating that both parameterizations are well suited for climate integrations that do not take solar variability into account. The FUBRad scheme has been implemented as a sub-submodel of the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy).
Significant others and the dynamics of the family network (from the Proches et Parents survey to the Biographies et Entourage survey)

With the increase in separations, family recomposition, and new modes of cohabitation, the contours of the family have become less clearly defined. It has become important to separate the family group from its statistical framework – the household – while taking account, in both time and space, of the interpersonal relationships built up over the life-course. In response to these objectives, the French National Institute of Demographic Studies (INED) conducted two surveys, Proches et Parents in 1990 and Biographies et Entourage in 2001, which use new concepts to address these new family realities: the local family circle which, for an individual, includes family members living in the same municipality, with whom he/she has a close and strong relationship in terms of mutual support and regular contact, and the concept of entourage (contact circle), which includes close relatives, all co-resident persons, whether relatives or not, but also significant others who have marked the individual's life. Far from being limited to the immediate family, the universe of familial and elective relationships covers a much more complex reality whose contours may be limited to the family or extended to a wider circle of relatives and friends. It describes an affective and residential proximity that reveals a mutual support network of varying strength, which may or may not be solicited, which may be avoided or, on the contrary, revived in response to events affecting its members.
Changes in gas composition in the swimbladder of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) infected with Anguillicola crassus (Nematoda)

Summary The effect of Anguillicola crassus (Nematoda) on gas composition in the swimbladder of eels (Anguilla anguilla) was studied using mass spectrometry in feral eels from two German rivers and in experimentally infected eels. In both naturally and experimentally infected eels significant correlations were observed between the proportion of oxygen in the swimbladder and level of infection with Anguillicola crassus. In swimbladders of naturally infected feral eels the contribution of oxygen to swimbladder gas was reduced by 36–62·9% and in experimentally infected eels it was reduced by 11·4–57% compared to uninfected controls. The proportion of CO2 appeared to be lower in infected swimbladders compared to uninfected ones. However, this change was not significant. The findings are discussed in relation to an altered structure of the swimbladder wall due to the parasite.
The evolution of galaxy clustering

This paper investigates whether non-linear gravitational instability can account for the clustering of galaxies on large and small scales, and for the evolution of clustering with epoch. The local clustering spectrum is accurately established, and bias is not a great source of uncertainty: the real-space power spectra of optical and lRAS galaxies show only a weak scale­ dependent relative bias of b = 1.15 on large scales, increasing to b = 1.5 on the smallest scales. Comparison with results in redshift space favours a relatively small distortion parameter {3opt 51 (}o.6/bopt = 0.4. No CDM-like spectrum is consistent with the shape of the observed non-linear spectrum. Unbiased low-density models greatly overpredict the small-scale correlations; high-density models would require a bias which does not vary monotonically with scale. The true linear power spectrum contains a primordial feature at k = O.lhMpc-l, and must break quite abruptly to an effective slope of n ::s -2.3 on smaller scales. This empirical fluctuation spectrum also fits the CFRS data on the evolution of clustering, provided that the Universe is open with (} = 0.3. Only this case explains naturally how the small-scale spectrum can evolve at the observed rate while retaining the same power-law index. An unbiased open model also matches correctly the large-scale COBE data, and offers an attractively simple picture for the phenomenology of galaxy clustering.
Transactional data structure libraries

We introduce transactions into libraries of concurrent data structures; such transactions can be used to ensure atomicity of sequences of data structure operations. By focusing on transactional access to a well-defined set of data structure operations, we strike a balance between the ease-of-programming of transactions and the efficiency of custom-tailored data structures. We exemplify this concept by designing and implementing a library supporting transactions on any number of maps, sets (implemented as skiplists), and queues. Our library offers efficient and scalable transactions, which are an order of magnitude faster than state-of-the-art transactional memory toolkits. Moreover, our approach treats stand-alone data structure operations (like put and enqueue) as first class citizens, and allows them to execute with virtually no overhead, at the speed of the original data structure library.
Levetiracetam as an alternative therapy for Tourette syndrome

Tourette syndrome is a common childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by chronic tics and frequent comorbid conditions such as attention deficit disorder. Most currently used tic-suppressing drugs are frequently associated with serious adverse events. Thus, alternative therapeutic agents with more favorable side-effect profiles are being evaluated. New hypotheses and recent studies involving GABAergic system in the pathophysiology of Tourette syndrome suppose a reason for the evaluation of GABAergic drugs. Levetiracetam is a drug with an atypical GABAergic mechanism of action that might be expected to improve tics. Although trials performed to evaluate the efficacy of levetiracetam in the treatment of Tourette syndrome have provided conflicting results, it may be useful in some patients. The established safe profile of levetiracetam makes this drug an alternative for treatment if intolerance to currently used drugs appears, but additional evaluation with larger and longer duration controlled studies are necessary to assess the real efficacy in patients with Tourette syndrome.
BagPack: A General Framework to Represent Semantic Relations

We introduce a way to represent word pairs instantiating arbitrary semantic relations that keeps track of the contexts in which the words in the pair occur both together and independently. The resulting features are of sufficient generality to allow us, with the help of a standard supervised machine learning algorithm, to tackle a variety of unrelated semantic tasks with good results and almost no task-specific tailoring.
Robust Estimation and Graph-Based Meta Clustering for LC-MS Feature Extraction

There is an increasing interest in the identification and quantification of proteomic markers for biological and medical research. Experimental techniques utilizing liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC- MS) provide one method of directly observing protein expression, but a substantial amount of computational work is needed to go from the raw LC-MS data to a matrix format analogous to gene expression studies in which the columns are samples and rows are proteins. One critical step in this pipeline is the extraction of peptide features from the LC-MS signal data. We present a complete solution to LC-MS feature detection that combines a model-based approach to feature extraction on the MS scans with techniques for robust estimation to build LC-MS features from the individual scans. We show that using our approach, we find significantly more features, more matches, and better correlation between replicated LC-MS experiments than are found using the current state-of-the-art software.