Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clear Cell Carcinoma Arising from Pleomorphic Adenoma of a Minor Salivary Gland

BACKGROUND Malignant changes in pleomorphic adenoma (PA) of the salivary gland (carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma) are not common. Clear cell carcinoma is a rare form of salivary gland tumor and involves mostly minor salivary glands, especially those of the palate. Only 3 cases of clear cell carcinoma arising in PA have been reported, 2 in submandibular glands and 1 in a minor salivary gland of the palate. CASE A 53-year-old man presented with an enlarged mass on the left side of the palate. He had a history of palate mass about 30 years earlier; it was excised and reported as PA. Since then the tumor had recurred twice in the same place; it had been excised and was diagnosed as PA again. A few years later the mass showed rapid growth over a few months. Fine needle aspiration of the mass showed epithelial clusters with bland nuclear features and myxohyaline material typical of PA. Also noted were large and small papillary, trabecular and well-circumscribed clusters of neoplastic cells with a moderate amount offoamy, vacuolated cytoplasm with distinct borders. Glandlike and acinar structures with hyaline globule material resembling cannonballs were also noted. The cytology was suspicious for malignancy. Incisional biopsy was reported as PA. Due to the suspicion of malignancy, the whole mass was excised up to the floor of the orbit. The final diagnosis was clear cell carcinoma expleomorphic adenoma. CONCLUSION Due to nonspecific cytologic findings in clear cell carcinoma and a mixture of elements of PA in this case, we did not consider clear cell carcinoma as the malignant component.
Weekday of Surgery Affects Postoperative Complications and Long-Term Survival of Chinese Gastric Cancer Patients after Curative Gastrectomy

Many factors have been reported to affect the long-term survival of gastric carcinoma patients after gastrectomy; the present study took the first attempt to find out the potential role of weekday carried out surgery in the postoperative prognosis of gastric cancer patients. 463 gastric cancer patients have been followed up successfully. Pearson χ2 test was used for univariate analyses. Survival curves were constructed by using Kaplan-Meier method and evaluated by using the log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to find out the risk factors, and subgroup analysis was conducted to rule out confounding factors. We found that the patients who underwent gastrectomy on the later weekday (Wednesday–Friday) more easily suffered from a higher postoperative morbidity. Weekday of surgery was one of the independent indicators for the prognosis of patients after gastric cancer surgery. However, the role of weekday of surgery was significantly weakened in the complications group. In conclusion, surgery performed in the later weekday was more likely to lead to increased postoperative complications and an unfavorable role in prognosis of Chinese gastric cancer patients after curative gastrectomy.
The AutoPap System for Primary Screening in Cervical Cytology

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of the AutoPap System in detecting abnormal and normal cervical smears when used in a primary screening/quality control mode, as compared with currently established laboratory practices. STUDY DESIGN Slides were obtained prospectively and were initially processed in the routine fashion with cytotechnologist screening followed by 10% random quality control rescreening. Slides were then processed on the AutoPap System and allocated into the following groups: (1) approximately 25% of the lowest-ranking slides were placed in the laboratory's archives as within normal limits; (2) the remaining approximately 75% of slides were subjected to manual screening. Approximately 15% of the highest-ranking slides in this group underwent quality control rescreening. For each slide needing manual screening, the cytotechnologist was supplied with a report giving the ranking score of that slide. All discrepant slides for either adequacy or diagnosis were subjected to a truth-determination process. The results obtained from the two arms of the protocol were then compared. RESULTS The AutoPap System-assisted arm of the study was superior to the current practice arm for the identification of abnormal slides at the level of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and above (ASCUS+), low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and higher LSIL+. AutoPap System-assisted practice was equivalent to current practice for the identification of unsatisfactory and satisfactory but limited by slides. All results showed statistical significance. In addition, AutoPap System-assisted practice in the study indicated improved specificity of diagnosis. CONCLUSION AutoPap System-assisted practice shows superior sensitivity and specificity when compared to current practice. Its clinical use as a primary screening device should improve the overall practice of cervical cytology as well as provide potential enhancement in overall laboratory productivity.
Age prediction on the basis of brain anatomical measures

In this study, we examined whether age can be predicted on the basis of different anatomical features obtained from a large sample of healthy subjects (n = 3,144). From this sample we obtained different anatomical feature sets: (1) 11 larger brain regions (including cortical volume, thickness, area, subcortical volume, cerebellar volume, etc.), (2) 148 cortical compartmental thickness measures, (3) 148 cortical compartmental area measures, (4) 148 cortical compartmental volume measures, and (5) a combination of the above‐mentioned measures. With these anatomical feature sets, we predicted age using 6 statistical techniques (multiple linear regression, ridge regression, neural network, k‐nearest neighbourhood, support vector machine, and random forest). We obtained very good age prediction accuracies, with the highest accuracy being R2 = 0.84 (prediction on the basis of a neural network and support vector machine approaches for the entire data set) and the lowest being R2 = 0.40 (prediction on the basis of a k‐nearest neighborhood for cortical surface measures). Interestingly, the easy‐to‐calculate multiple linear regression approach with the 11 large brain compartments resulted in a very good prediction accuracy (R2 = 0.73), whereas the application of the neural network approach for this data set revealed very good age prediction accuracy (R2 = 0.83). Taken together, these results demonstrate that age can be predicted well on the basis of anatomical measures. The neural network approach turned out to be the approach with the best results. In addition, it was evident that good prediction accuracies can be achieved using a small but nevertheless age‐representative dataset of brain features. Hum Brain Mapp 38:997–1008, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Systematic Study of Cross-Project Defect Prediction With Meta-Learning

The prediction of defects in a target project based on data from external projects is called Cross-Project Defect Prediction (CPDP). Several methods have been proposed to improve the predictive performance of CPDP models. However, there is a lack of comparison among state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, previous work has shown that the most suitable method for a project can vary according to the project being predicted. This makes the choice of which method to use difficult. We provide an extensive experimental comparison of 31 CPDP methods derived from state-of-the-art approaches, applied to 47 versions of 15 open source software projects. Four methods stood out as presenting the best performances across datasets. However, the most suitable among these methods still varies according to the project being predicted. Therefore, we propose and evaluate a meta-learning solution designed to automatically select and recommend the most suitable CPDP method for a project. Our results show that the meta-learning solution is able to learn from previous experiences and recommend suitable methods dynamically. When compared to the base methods, however, the proposed solution presented minor difference of performance. These results provide valuable knowledge about the possibilities and limitations of a meta-learning solution applied for CPDP.
I know how they must feel: Empathy and judging defendants

The current study investigated the effects of state and trait empathy in legal judgments and tested the relationship between trait and state emotion in one hundred and fifty eight students aged 18–59. Assessments were taken of participants’ trait empathy and then state empathy was induced in half the sample. Following this all participants read a trial transcript and made judgments regarding: the verdict decision; the defendant's responsibility for the offense; what would be an appropriate punishment; the likelihood that the offender would offend in the future; and whether the defendant felt remorse for committing the offense. Findings showed that both trait and state empathy predicted attributions of offender remorse. State empathy also predicted judgments of offender responsibility and agreement with verdict decisions in a lenient direction. Findings also showed that state and trait empathy did not interact. The results indicate that trait and state empathy work independently to influence legal judgments and that inducing empathy in decision-makers can impact on trial outcomes above and beyond the facts of the case.
Chronic lead exposure enhances the sympathoexcitatory response associated with P2X4 receptor in rat stellate ganglia

Chronic lead exposure causes peripheral sympathetic nerve stimulation, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Purinergic receptors are involved in the sympathoexcitatory response induced by myocardial ischemia injury. However, whether P2X4 receptor participates in sympathoexcitatory response induced by chronic lead exposure and the possible mechanisms are still unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the change of the sympathoexcitatory response induced by chronic lead exposure via the P2X4 receptor in the stellate ganglion (SG). Rats were given lead acetate through drinking water freely at doses of 0 g/L (control group), 0.5 g/L (low lead group), and 2 g/L (high lead group) for 1 year. Our results demonstrated that lead exposure caused autonomic nervous dysfunction, including blood pressure and heart rate increased and heart rate variability (HRV) decreased. Western blotting results indicated that after lead exposure, the protein expression levels in the SG of P2X4 receptor, IL‐1β and Cx43 were up‐regulated, the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) was activated. Real‐time PCR results showed that the mRNA expression of P2X4 receptor in the SG was higher in lead exposure group than that in the control group. Double‐labeled immunofluorescence results showed that P2X4 receptor was co‐expressed with glutamine synthetase (GS), the marker of satellite glial cells (SGCs). These changes were positively correlated with the dose of lead exposure. The up‐regulated expression of P2X4 receptor in SGCs of the SG maybe enhance the sympathoexcitatory response induced by chronic lead exposure.
Interference with the cytoplasmic tail of gp210 disrupts “close apposition” of nuclear membranes and blocks nuclear pore dilation

We tested the hypothesis that gp210, an integral membrane protein of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), mediates nuclear pore formation. Gp210 has a large lumenal domain and small COOH-terminal tail exposed to the cytoplasm. We studied the exposed tail. We added recombinant tail polypeptides to Xenopus nuclear assembly extracts, or inhibited endogenous gp210 tails using anti-tail antibodies. Both strategies had no effect on the formation of fused flattened nuclear membranes, but blocked NPC assembly and nuclear growth. Inhibited nuclei accumulated gp210 and some nucleoporin p62, but failed to incorporate nup214/CAN, nup153, or nup98 and were defective for nuclear import of lamin B3. Scanning and transmission EM revealed a lack of “closely apposed” inner and outer membranes, and the accumulation of novel arrested structures including “mini-pores. ” We conclude that gp210 has early roles in nuclear pore formation, and that pore dilation is mediated by gp210 and its tail-binding partner(s). We propose that membrane fusion and pore dilation are coupled, acting as a mechanism to control nuclear pore size.
Importance of Assessing Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Clinical Practice: A Case for Fitness as a Clinical Vital Sign A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Mounting evidence has firmly established that low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease, all-cause mortality, and mortality rates attributable to various cancers. A growing body of epidemiological and clinical evidence demonstrates not only that CRF is a potentially stronger predictor of mortality than established risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, but that the addition of CRF to traditional risk factors significantly improves the reclassification of risk for adverse outcomes. The purpose of this statement is to review current knowledge related to the association between CRF and health outcomes, increase awareness of the added value of CRF to improve risk prediction, and suggest future directions in research. Although the statement is not intended to be a comprehensive review, critical references that address important advances in the field are highlighted. The underlying premise of this statement is that the addition of CRF for risk classification presents health professionals with unique opportunities to improve patient management and to encourage lifestyle-based strategies designed to reduce cardiovascular risk. These opportunities must be realized to optimize the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease and hence meet the American Heart Association’s 2020 goals.
A malaria membrane skeletal protein is essential for normal morphogenesis, motility, and infectivity of sporozoites

Membrane skeletons are structural elements that provide mechanical support to the plasma membrane and define cell shape. Here, we identify and characterize a putative protein component of the membrane skeleton of the malaria parasite. The protein, named PbIMC1a, is the structural orthologue of the Toxoplasma gondii inner membrane complex protein 1 (TgIMC1), a component of the membrane skeleton in tachyzoites. Using targeted gene disruption in the rodent malaria species Plasmodium berghei, we show that PbIMC1a is involved in sporozoite development, is necessary for providing normal sporozoite cell shape and mechanical stability, and is essential for sporozoite infectivity in insect and vertebrate hosts. Knockout of PbIMC1a protein expression reduces, but does not abolish, sporozoite gliding locomotion. We identify a family of proteins related to PbIMC1a in Plasmodium and other apicomplexan parasites. These results provide new functional insight in the role of membrane skeletons in apicomplexan parasite biology.
Inadvertent Central Arterial Catheterization: An Unusual Cause of Ischemic Stroke

ABSTRACT Central venous catheter (CVC) insertion is extensively utilized in Intensive Care Units for evaluation of hemodynamic status, administration of intravenous drugs, and for providing nutritional support in critically ill patients. Unfortunately, CVC use is associated with complications including lung injury, bleeding, infection, and thrombosis. We present a patient with an acute ischemic stroke from an inadvertently placed CVC into the right common carotid artery. A 57-year-old male presented to our institution for left hemiplegia and seizures 2 days after a CVC was placed. He was found to have a right frontal ischemic stroke on computed tomography (CT). CT angiography noted that the catheter was arterial and had a thrombosis around it. He was started on a low-dose heparin infusion. A combination of cardiothoracic surgery and interventional cardiology was required to safely remove the catheter. Central arterial catheterization is an unusual cause for acute ischemic stroke and presents management challenges.
Auditory and audio–visual processing in patients with cochlear, auditory brainstem, and auditory midbrain implants: An EEG study

There is substantial variability in speech recognition ability across patients with cochlear implants (CIs), auditory brainstem implants (ABIs), and auditory midbrain implants (AMIs). To better understand how this variability is related to central processing differences, the current electroencephalography (EEG) study compared hearing abilities and auditory–cortex activation in patients with electrical stimulation at different sites of the auditory pathway. Three different groups of patients with auditory implants (Hannover Medical School; ABI: n = 6, CI: n = 6; AMI: n = 2) performed a speeded response task and a speech recognition test with auditory, visual, and audio–visual stimuli. Behavioral performance and cortical processing of auditory and audio–visual stimuli were compared between groups. ABI and AMI patients showed prolonged response times on auditory and audio–visual stimuli compared with NH listeners and CI patients. This was confirmed by prolonged N1 latencies and reduced N1 amplitudes in ABI and AMI patients. However, patients with central auditory implants showed a remarkable gain in performance when visual and auditory input was combined, in both speech and non‐speech conditions, which was reflected by a strong visual modulation of auditory–cortex activation in these individuals. In sum, the results suggest that the behavioral improvement for audio–visual conditions in central auditory implant patients is based on enhanced audio–visual interactions in the auditory cortex. Their findings may provide important implications for the optimization of electrical stimulation and rehabilitation strategies in patients with central auditory prostheses. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2206–2225, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SMOTE for Learning from Imbalanced Data: Progress and Challenges, Marking the 15-year Anniversary

The Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) preprocessing algorithm is considered "de facto" standard in the framework of learning from imbalanced data. This is due to its simplicity in the design of the procedure, as well as its robustness when applied to different type of problems. Since its publication in 2002, SMOTE has proven successful in a variety of applications from several different domains. SMOTE has also inspired several approaches to counter the issue of class imbalance, and has also significantly contributed to new supervised learning paradigms, including multilabel classification, incremental learning, semi-supervised learning, multi-instance learning, among others. It is standard benchmark for learning from imbalanced data. It is also featured in a number of different software packages -- from open source to commercial. In this paper, marking the fifteen year anniversary of SMOTE, we reect on the SMOTE journey, discuss the current state of affairs with SMOTE, its applications, and also identify the next set of challenges to extend SMOTE for Big Data problems.
Heteropoly Tungstate Supported on Metal Oxide Catalysts for Liquid Phase Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol with Hydrogen Peroxide

A series of metal oxide supported tungstophosphoric acid catalysts were prepared by impregnation. The physicochemical and acidic properties of these materials were characterized by a variety of different analytical and spectroscopic techniques, namely Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and exploited as heterogeneous catalysts for selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol (BzOH) with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). Among them, 20 wt. % H 3 PW 12 O 40 /CeO 2 catalyst exhibited the best oxidative activity. Further process optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken design model resulted in a benzyl alcohol conversion of 95.2% and a benzaldehyde yield of 94.2% with 98.9% selectivity, in good agreement with the experimental results. Kinetic studies based on an irreversible parallel reaction model led to an activation energy (E a ) of 44.73 kJ mol -1 .
Construct Validity of the Social Provisions Scale

Extant theory posits well-differentiated dimensions of perceived social support as measured using the Social Provisions Scale (SPS). However, evidence is inconsistent with this multidimensionality perspective, with SPS factor correlations near unity and higher between-factor than within-factor item correlations. This article reports on research investigating the internal structure, gender invariance, and predictive validity of SPS scores. The analyses are conducted in a novel bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) framework, which is designed to account for presumed psychometric multidimensionality in SPS items due to (a) their fallibility as pure indicators of the constructs they are purported to measure and (b) the coexistence of general and specific factors. Based on 376 item responses, evidence was obtained for a bifactor-ESEM representation of the SPS data. In addition, support was found for the invariance of item thresholds and the latent mean invariance of six of the seven SPS factors in the retained solution. Only mean levels of Social Integration were found to differ by gender, with men scoring higher than women. Finally, evidence was obtained for the predictive validity of SPS scores with respect to loneliness and psychological well-being. Quite apart from yielding evidence validating the SPS, this research demonstrates the utility of bifactor ESEM for psychological assessment.
Fine Needle Aspiration of Salivary Glands

OBJECTIVE To investigate 5 years' experience with fine needle aspiration (FNA) of salivary glands at a single academic center. STUDY DESIGN A total of 191 salivary gland FNAs were performed at Louisiana State University Health Science Center from 2003 to 2007, and all were done on major salivary glands except for 1 case. RESULTS The cytologic diagnoses included 17 malignancies, 6 atypia, 73 neoplasms, 87 negative and 18 nondiagnostic. Eighty-six cases had histologic follow-up (45.0%). There were 5 false negatives: 2 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 1 acinic cell carcinoma, 1 polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma and 1 metastatic basaloid squamous cell carcinoma. The only false positive was a pleomorphic adenoma misdiagnosed as adenoid cystic carcinoma. Four reactive processes were diagnosed as benign neoplasms, including 2 granulomatous inflammation and 2 chronic sialadenitis. Five benign neoplasms were interpreted as reactive processes, including 2 Warthin's tumors, 2 sebaceous lymphoadenomas and 1 pleomorphic adenoma. The overall accuracy in distinguishing benign from malignant lesions was 79.1%, and the sensitivity for salivary neoplasia was 89.4%. CONCLUSION Our results are consistent with the literature that salivary gland FNA has good sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in the diagnosis of salivary neoplasms. FNA can play a significant role in triaging patients with onsite cytologic interpretation and can reduce many unnecessary surgeries.