Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Comedic Violence on Viral Advertising Effectiveness

The use of comedic violence in viral advertising is becoming widespread, but as yet no examination of what influence it may have on consumer response has been undertaken. Two experimental studies using a commercial panel sample investigate the effects of this executional cue on ad message involvement, brand memorability, likelihood of being passed on to third parties, and attitude formation. Results suggest that humorous ads that combine higher levels of violence intensity with more severe consequences appear to elicit greater involvement with the ad message, better retention of brand information, higher pass-along probability, and greater ad likability. Attitudes toward the brand remain unaffected. Furthermore, justification for the violence and relatedness to the product brand appear to be important considerations when using high intensity-severe consequence comedic violence. The paper specifies conditions under which advertisers can expect to gain maximum impact when using violent humor in viral advertising campaigns.
From Diving Boards to Pole Vaults: Gendered Athlete Portrayals in the “Big Four” Sports at the 2004 Athens Summer Olympics

Analysis of 70 prime-time hours of host and reporter commentary in NBC's 2004 Athens Summer Olympic telecast was undertaken to determine if announcer commentary in the sports of gymnastics, track and field, swimming, and diving each contained gender biases. Results indicated that gymnastics was the most gender-marked of the four major Olympic sports, with men and women athletes being covered in starkly different ways. NBC's diving coverage also was found to contain differential treatment of men and women athletes, while track and field and swimming yielded far fewer gender differences within NBC announcer dialogue. As such, events with subjective assessment (judges) appear to contain more gender biases than sports with objective assessments (speed and distance). Given that gendered assessments occur within everyday interpersonal, organizational, and group interactions, this finding regarding media attributions of gendered performance suggests significant ramifications for gender and assessment within communication.
The nature of the black–white difference on various psychometric tests: Spearman's hypothesis

Abstract Although the black and white populations in the United States differ, on average, by about one standard deviation (equivalent to 15 IQ points) on current IQ tests, they differ by various amounts on different tests. The present study examines the nature of the highly variable black–white difference across diverse tests and indicates the major systematic source of this between-population variation, namely, Spearman's g. Charles Spearman originally suggested in 1927 that the varying magnitude of the mean difference between black and white populations on a variety of mental tests is directly related to the size of the test's loading on g, the general factor common to all complex tests of mental ability. Eleven large-scale studies, each comprising anywhere from 6 to 13 diverse tests, show a significant and substantial correlation between tests' g loadings and the mean black–white difference (expressed in standard score units) on the various tests. Hence, in accord with Spearman's hypothesis, the average black–white difference on diverse mental tests may be interpreted as chiefly a difference in g, rather than as a difference in the more specific sources of test score variance associated with any particular informational content, scholastic knowledge, specific acquired skill, or type of test. The results of recent chronometric studies of relatively simple cognitive tasks suggest that the g factor is related, at least in part, to the speed and efficiency of certain basic information-processing capacities. The consistent relationship of these processing variables to g and to Spearman's hypothesis suggests the hypothesis that the differences between black and white populations in the rate of information processing may account for a part of the average black–white difference on standard IQ tests and their educational and occupational correlates.
The female bodybuilder as a gender outlaw

This paper is a sociological exploration of the female bodybuilder as a ‘gender outlaw’, a figure who is stigmatised not because she has broken a formal law, but because she has disregarded so flagrantly dominant understandings of what is aesthetically, kinaesthetically and phenomenologically acceptable within the gendered order of social interaction. Illustrating our argument with reference to a two‐year ethnographic study of British female bodybuilders, we begin by explicating the contours of this deviance – associating it with multiple transgressions manifest in terms of choice, aesthetics, action/experience and consumption – and explore the costs accruing to these stigmatised women. In the second half of the paper, we attend to the motivations and experiences of female bodybuilders themselves in explaining why they remain engaged in an activity rendered perverse by dominant gendered norms. Exploring their commitment to an interaction order based upon muscle rather than gender, our conclusion suggests these women offend the most fundamental ‘collective sentiments’, possessing no authorised place in the cultural consciousness of society.
Educational inequalities in smoking cessation trends in Italy, 1982–2002

Background/aim: Smoking prevalence rates are declining in most industrialised countries, partly because of growing cessation rates. However, little is known on recent time-trends in smoking cessation by socioeconomic position. This study aims to estimate educational inequalities in smoking cessation trends in Italy between 1982 and 2002. Methods: Data were derived from two national health interview surveys carried out in Italy in 1999–2000 (n = 34 789) and in 2004–2005 (n = 33 135). On the basis of respondents’ age at starting and age at quitting smoking, we computed age-standardised smoking cessation rates at ages 20–44 years for subjects who were current smokers between 1982 and 2002. Results: Smoking quit rates were approximately constant at a figure of about 2 per 100 person-years until the period 2000–2002, when they rapidly increased up to 3–4 per 100 person-years. Higher educated smokers constantly showed higher cessation rates than lower educated subjects (rate ratio 1.33; 95% CI 1.25 to 1.41 for men and 1.41; 95% CI 1.30 to 1.53 for women). The relative size of educational difference in smoking cessation did not significantly vary by period. However, in absolute terms, the increase in cessation rates in 2000–2002 was larger among higher educated smokers. Conclusion: Educational inequalities in smoking cessation persisted in both relative and absolute terms. The increase in smoking cessation rates in 2000–2002 suggests that tobacco control policies may have reached more disadvantaged smokers, although smokers of higher socioeconomic groups seem to have benefited the most.
Multiview Convolutional Neural Networks for Multidocument Extractive Summarization

Multidocument summarization has gained popularity in many real world applications because vital information can be extracted within a short time. Extractive summarization aims to generate a summary of a document or a set of documents by ranking sentences and the ranking results rely heavily on the quality of sentence features. However, almost all previous algorithms require hand-crafted features for sentence representation. In this paper, we leverage on word embedding to represent sentences so as to avoid the intensive labor in feature engineering. An enhanced convolutional neural networks (CNNs) termed multiview CNNs is successfully developed to obtain the features of sentences and rank sentences jointly. Multiview learning is incorporated into the model to greatly enhance the learning capability of original CNN. We evaluate the generic summarization performance of our proposed method on five Document Understanding Conference datasets. The proposed system outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches and the improvement is statistically significant shown by paired $t$ -test.
Mass spectrometry meets the challenge of understanding the complexity of the lipoproteome: recent findings regarding proteins involved in dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease

Despite the fact that link between dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis was made over 100 years ago, atherosclerosis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Major efforts focus towards understanding lipid metabolism, particularly by studying its particle compartments in circulation: the lipoproteins. In recent years, mass spectrometry has played an integral role in the deep sequencing of the lipoproteome and in metabolism studies conducted in vivo. This review highlights the path of lipoprotein research towards state-of-the-art mass spectrometry with special emphasis on the method of selected reaction monitoring and its impact on apolipoprotein metabolism studies. Also presented is what is expected for the lipoprotein field with the recent advent of high resolution/accurate mass parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. The benefits of high resolution/accurate mass measurements are demonstrated by example instrument workflows and by detailing a novel method to quantify very low levels of circulating proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 in rabbit. It is anticipated that future clinical studies or clinical trials aimed to treat dyslipidemia by manipulating key regulatory proteins will benefit from the new and exciting opportunities afforded by the latest technologies in mass spectrometry.
Developing a Forced-Choice Measure of Conflict-Handling Behavior: The "Mode" Instrument

This paper describes the rationale and development of a new measure of five interpersonal conflict-handling modes (competing, collaborating, compromising, avoiding, and accommodating), which attempts to control for the social desirability response bias. The instrument is entitled: "Management-of-Differences Exercise," or the MODE instrument. The results of this study indicate that the new instrument significantly reduces the social desirability bias for overall population tendencies in comparison to three other conflict behavior instruments, although all four instruments may still be susceptible to some individual tendencies in this response bias. This study also investigated other aspects of substantive validity and structural validity. Lastly, this paper presented emerging evidence on external validity, which, while encouraging, suggests the need for continuing research efforts to investigate this aspect of validity for the new MODE instrument.
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus-Related Liver Cirrhosis: Community-Acquired versus Nosocomial

Purpose Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) frequently develops in patients with liver cirrhosis; however, there is little data to suggest whether the acquisition site of infection influences the prognosis. This study compared the bacteriology, clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of community-acquired SBP (CA-SBP) and nosocomial SBP (N-SBP). Materials and Methods The medical records of 130 patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver cirrhosis, who had experienced a first episode of SBP between January 1999 and December 2008, were reviewed. Results The study population included 111 (85.4%) patients with CA-SBP and 19 (14.6%) patients with N-SBP. Baseline and microbiological characteristics as well as clinical course, including in-hospital mortality, did not differ between patients with CA-SBP and those with N-SBP (all p>0.05). The median survival time was 6.5 months, and 117 (90.0%) patients died during the follow-up period. Patients with CA-SBP and N-SBP survived for median periods of 6.6 and 6.2 months, respectively, without significant difference (p=0.569). Time to recurrence did not differ between patients with CA-SBP and N-SBP (4.7 vs. 3.6 months, p=0.925). Conclusion The acquisition site of infection did not affect clinical outcomes for patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis who had experienced their first episode of SBP. Third-generation cephalosporins may be effective in empirically treating these patients, regardless of the acquisition site of the infection.
Beyond theology: Toward an anthropology of fundamentalism

Once considered exclusively a matter of religion, theology, or scriptural correctness, use of the term fundamentalism has recently undergone metaphorical expansion into other domains and, depending on whose voice is being heard, may be applied to extreme forms of nationalism, certain socioreligious (especially Islamist) movements, and other forms of extremist ideological expression. An anthropological approach seeks the common elements amid these apparently diverse cases and, taking into account the hermeneutical problems of exegesis by multiple constituencies, proposes that most "fundamentalisms" involve special forms of identity politics, meaning, and labeling, characterized by a quest for certainty, exclusiveness, and unambiguous boundaries, where the "Other" is the enemy demonized. It also reflects a mind-set uncompromising and antirelativist, as one response to the openness and uncertainties of a cosmopolitan world, and to chart a morally black and white path out of the gray zones of intimidating cultural and religious complexity, [fundamentalism, religion, hermeneutics, Islam]
How the admission criteria to a competitive-entry undergraduate programme could be improved

The introduction of a new standards-based secondary school assessment system, the National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA), necessitated significant changes to the admissions processes for New Zealand universities, particularly for competitive-entry programmes such as medicine, engineering and pharmacy. Selection to such programmes was traditionally based on marks or grades in designated science subjects. Under NCEA, the emphasis changed to the number of credits obtained. This article uses the case of pharmacy at The University of Auckland to examine whether the admission criteria under NCEA are ‘fit for purpose’ in terms of academic progression during the degree. The negative consequences of students having to repeat courses are both academic and financial. Using data from six cohorts of NCEA entrants to the Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm) degree, the findings of this study clearly suggest that the best predictor of course success, measured by not failing courses, is the NCEA Grade Point Average. This is at variance with the current practice for admission to pharmacy and other limited-entry degrees which rely on prerequisite courses and the number of NCEA Credits gained. These results suggest that a reappraisal of admissions processes for pharmacy and similar programmes is required.
Embodying Surrogate Motherhood: Pregnancy as a Dyadic Body-project

This article examines pregnancy as a dyadic body-project within surrogate motherhood arrangements. In gestational surrogacy arrangements, the surrogate mother agrees to have an embryo that has been created using IVF, with the genetic materials of the intended parents or of anonymous donors, surgically implanted in her womb. Based on anthropological fieldwork among Jewish-Israeli surrogates and intended mothers involved in these arrangements, this article focuses upon the interactive identity management practices that the women jointly undertake during the pregnancy. For each side, creating an unambiguous definition of motherhood was central to their individual identity-work. For surrogates, the possible imputations of immorality required redefining pregnant embodiment as separate from maternal identity, while for intended mothers, the surrogate’s embodiment of the pregnancy represented competing claims to their own maternity. Through verbal communication and through practices of disembodiment and vicarious embodiment, the women construct a ‘shifting body’ which they use to designate the social label of pregnancy, identity-building processes associated with pregnant embodiment, and even the lived experience of pregnancy. This example of a dyadic body-project contributes to the existing scholarship on the role of the body in the management of identity. While previous works have examined projects of the body as individualistic pursuits, the shifting body exemplifies that body-projects can be collaborative, dual forms of identity-work and that pregnancy can be the site of these projects.
Structure of the large FK506-binding protein FKBP51, an Hsp90-binding protein and a component of steroid receptor complexes

The ability to bind immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporin and FK506 defines the immunophilin family of proteins, and the FK506-binding proteins form the FKBP subfamily of immunophilins. Some FKBPs, notably FKBP12 (the 12-kDa FK506-binding protein), have defined roles in regulating ion channels or cell signaling, and well established structures. Other FKBPs, especially the larger ones, participate in important biological processes, but their exact roles and the structural bases for these roles are poorly defined. FKBP51 (the 51-kDa FKBP) associates with heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and appears in functionally mature steroid receptor complexes. In New World monkeys, FKBP51 has been implicated in cortisol resistance. We report here the x-ray structures of human FKBP51, to 2.7 Å, and squirrel monkey FKBP51, to 2.8 Å, by using multiwavelength anomalous dispersion phasing. FKBP51 is composed of three domains: two consecutive FKBP domains and a three-unit repeat of the TPR (tetratricopeptide repeat) domain. This structure of a multi-FKBP domain protein clarifies the arrangement of these domains and their possible interactions with other proteins. The two FKBP domains differ by an insertion in the second that affects the formation of the progesterone receptor complex.
Optimizing the Normalized Dead-Time and Maximum Switching Frequency of a Wide-Adjustable-Range LLC Resonant Converter

LLC resonant converter has been widely used in dc-dc converters. In this paper, optimum dead-time and maximum switching frequency of a wide-adjustable-range LLC resonant converter are investigated for realizing the zero voltage switching (ZVS) operation even under the worst-case conditions. Analyses demonstrate that these parameters depend on the converter inductance ratio and ratio of the converter resonant capacitor and the effective capacitance appeared in parallel with the drain-sources of the power MOSFETs. The necessary dead time for realizing the ZVS operation can be minimized by choosing the normalized maximum switching frequency, properly. Using the dead-time optimum value, soft switching is achieved for all power devices even under the worst-case conditions. Developed prototype of the converter has been tested under different loads (0-3 A dc) and input voltage conditions (320-370 V dc) to achieve a wide-adjustable-range output voltage (40-165 V dc). This dc-dc converter is used as an ion implanter arc power supply. The calculated optimum dead-time and maximum switching frequency are approximately equal to 184 ns and 205.7 kHz, for realizing the ZVS operation at the worst-case conditions. These parameters in the prototype are approximately equal to 195 ns and 203.5 kHz, respectively.
Effects of Endurance Exercise Modalities on Arterial Stiffness in Patients Suffering from Unipolar Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Psychiatric disorders are associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Regular exercise has been shown to reduce depressive symptoms and improve arterial stiffness as a biomarker of cardiovascular risk. We aimed to investigate the effects of different exercise modalities on depression severity index and arterial stiffness in patients suffering from unipolar depression. Methods 34 patients suffering from unipolar depression [female: 25, male: 9, age: 37.8, Beck-Depression-Inventory-II (BDI-II) score: 31.0] were enrolled in this two-armed randomized controlled trial. Central hemodynamics, augmentation index at heart rate 75/min (AIx@75) and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) were obtained by an oscillometric monitoring device. Maximal bicycle ergometer exercise testing yielded maximal fitness parameters. Patients were assigned to either high-intensity low volume (HILV) or moderate continuous aerobic training (MCT). Both intervention groups trained three times a week during a 4-week intervention period. BDI-II were filled out by the patients before and after the intervention period. Results We found moderate interaction effects on depression severity reduction (ηp2=0.10). HILV showed a 85% beneficial effect in lowering BDI-II scores compared to MCT (HILV: pre: 28.8 (9.5), post: 15.5 (8.5), SMD = 1.48), MCT: (pre: 33.8 (8.5), post: 22.6 (7.5), SMD = 1.40). Reduction of AIx@75 was more pronounced after MCT (SMD = 0.61) compared to HILV (SMD = 0.08), showing 37% possibly beneficial effects of MCT over HILV. PWV remained unchanged in both training groups. Conclusion Both training regimes showed large effects on the reduction of depressive symptoms. While HILV was more effective in lowering depression severity, MCT was more effective in additionally lowering peripheral arterial stiffness. Exercise should be considered an important strategy for preventive as well as rehabilitative treatment in depression.
Gender and the Quality of the Leader-Member Exchange: Findings from a South African Organisation

Traditional leadership approaches have tended to examine leadership solely from the leaders' perspective. Past research has also assumed the existence of a ‘general leadership style’, which a leader displays toward all subordinates. However, there are more modern, alternative approaches to leadership that emphasise the importance of the exchanges between leader and follower. One conceptualisation central to the understanding of leadership practices is the leader–member exchange model. This model was adopted in the present study as a theoretical framework from which to start developing an understanding of gender and leadership within a South African context. Leader–member exchange focuses on the individual dyadic relationship between supervisors or managers and each of their subordinates, and emphasises the differences in the manner in which a supervisor behaves toward different subordinates. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of gender on the quality of leader–member exchange relationships. The research was conducted on a sample of 29 individuals comprising two mixed gender groups, each supervised by a different supervisor (a male-supervised group and a female-supervised group). The findings revealed that males experienced a more positive leader–member exchange relationship under male supervision and females experienced a more positive leader–member exchange relationship under female supervision. Also, a significant interaction was found between gender of supervisor and gender of subordinate, thus emphasising different patterns of exchange between the two groups.