Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intercellular heterogeneity of early mitogenic events: cAMP generalizes the EGF effect on c-Fos protein appearance but not on MAP kinase phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in dog thyroid epithelial cells.

When quiescent dog thyroid epithelial cells in primary culture are stimulated for 48 h with thyrotropin (TSH), forskolin acting through cAMP, or with cAMP-independent mitogens including epidermal growth factor (EGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and a tumor promoting phorbol ester (TPA), only 30-60% of cells progress through the cell cycle. A more general growth response requires the combination of EGF and TSH or forskolin. In this study we ask whether this intercellular heterogeneity in mitogen sensitivity could depend on a similar heterogeneity at early stages of the mitogenic stimulation process, i.e., at the levels of p42/p44 MAP kinase nuclear translocation and c-Fos protein appearance. We used indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with photometric quantitation and corroborated data using Western blotting. We analyzed the double staining of c-Fos and p42/p44 MAP kinases, since the nuclear translocation of these MAP kinases has been suggested as a key step for the stimulation of c-fos transcription. (i) EGF and HGF induced c-Fos accumulation and MAP kinase translocation in variable fractions of the cell population that corresponded to their relative potency as mitogens. c-Fos appearance and MAP kinase translocation poorly correlated in individual cells. Many cells accumulated c-Fos without any detectable p42/p44 MAP kinase translocation. The heterogeneity of proliferative responses to EGF could be due to the lack of c-Fos or MAP kinase responsiveness of many cells. (ii) TPA induced c-Fos accumulation and MAP kinase translocation within the whole cell population, which did not explain the heterogeneity of the growth response to this factor and showed that these events are not sufficient to elicit DNA synthesis, (iii) TSH and forskolin induced a weak c-Fos accumulation in only a minority of cells but, as previously shown, no p42/p44 MAP kinase phosphorylation and translocation. An important c-Fos expression was thus dispensable for the strong DNA synthesis stimulation exerted by cAMP-dependent mitogens. (iv) Forskolin potentiated the EGF effect on c-Fos expression but not on p42/p44 MAP kinase phosphorylation and translocation. This reflected the fact that EGF induced c-Fos accumulation in 90% of cells in the presence of forskolin but in 30-50% of cells in its absence. This kind of potentiation, which specifically implies an increase in the fraction of responding cells, is termed "generalization" in the present study. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Use of Cement Kiln Dust, Blast Furnace Slag and Marble Sludge in the Manufacture of Sustainable Artificial Aggregates by Means of Cold Bonding Pelletization

In this work, three different samples of solid industrial wastes cement kiln dust (CKD), granulated blast furnace slag and marble sludge were employed in a cold bonding pelletization process for the sustainable production of artificial aggregates. The activating action of CKD components on the hydraulic behavior of the slag was explored by evaluating the neo-formed phases present in several hydrated pastes. Particularly, the influence of free CaO and sulfates amount in the two CKD samples on slag reactivity was evaluated. Cold bonded artificial aggregates were characterized by determining physical and mechanical properties of two selected size fractions of the granules for each studied mixture. Eighteen types of granules were employed in C28/35 concrete manufacture where coarser natural aggregate were substituted with the artificial ones. Finally, lightweight concretes were obtained, proving the suitability of the cold bonding pelletization process in artificial aggregate sustainable production.
Impacts of Parents Forever on Parental Behavior and Adjustment During Divorce: A Short-Term Follow-Up Evaluation Study

The focus of this research project was to investigate the perceived usefulness and impacts of a 4-hour divorce education workshop offered to adults. The program, Parents Forever, is a parent education program designed to assist adults dealing with the divorce or separation process and educate them about the effects on children and strategies for effective coparenting. Participants included 238 individuals who completed the workshop and then participated in an initial postprogram survey and a follow-up survey 2 months later, with 82 individuals completing the follow-up survey. The questionnaires evaluated the participants' perceptions regarding program usefulness, program impacts on their behavior, and demographic and participation variables of interest. Participants indicated positive views of program usefulness and significant adjustments in specific divorce-related behaviors. The implications of the findings for support of divorce education programs are explored.
Comparative Study of the Effects of Ceftizoxime, Piperacillin, and Piperacillin-Tazobactam Concentrations on Antibacterial Activity and Selection of Antibiotic-Resistant Mutants of Enterobacter cloacae and Bacteroides fragilis In Vitro and In Vivo in Mixed-Infection Abscesses

ABSTRACT The effects of ceftizoxime (CZX), piperacillin (PIP), and PIP-tazobactam (PT) concentrations on the antibacterial activity and selection of resistant mutants of Bacteroides fragilis and Enterobacter cloacae were investigated in vitro in a mixed-culture anaerobic time-kill study and in vivo in a mixed-infection abscess model. Mixed cultures were incubated for 24 h with 0.125 to 512 μg of CZX per ml or 0.125 to 2,048 μg of PIP or PT per ml. Mice were treated every 2 h for 24 h with CZX at 6 to 1,536 mg/kg/day or with PIP or PT at 24 to 6,144 mg/kg/day starting 30 min before inoculation with different B. fragilis-E. cloacae combinations. There was a good correlation between the in vitro and in vivo activities of the antibiotics and their MICs obtained with high inocula (108 CFU/ml). The respective 50% effective doses (milligrams per kilogram per day) with B. fragilis and E. cloacae 22491 were 771 and 521 for CZX, 416 and 643 for PIP, and 85 and 554 for PT, and with the B. fragilis-E. cloacae 032349 combination, they were 81 and 21 for CZX and 77 and 766 for PT. Resistant mutants of E. cloacae 22491 were preferentially selected in vitro with 2 to 64 μg of CZX per ml and in vivo with CZX at 12 to 384 mg/kg/day. There was no preferential selection of CZX-resistant B. fragilis or E. cloacae 032349. For CZX-resistant E. cloacae 22491, we found a 16- to 512-fold increase in the MIC of CZX and increased MICs of other expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, owing in part to the production of a stably derepressed cephalosporinase. In vitro and in vivo, PT did not select resistant mutants of E. cloacae and B. fragilis. Results demonstrate the adverse microbiological outcome of choosing an expanded-spectrum cephalosporin like CZX for empirical treatment of mixed infections involving a susceptible Enterobacter strain.
Negation Handling in Sentiment Analysis at Sentence Level

Sentiment analysis is an automatic way to determine that whether opinions of people about a subject are favorable or unfavorable. One of the most important sub tasks in sentiment analysis is to determine the sequence of words affected by negation. Most of the existing sentiment analysis systems used traditional methods based on static window and punctuation marks to determine the scope of negation. However, these methods do not offer satisfactory performance due to variability in the negation scope, inability to deal with linguistic features and improper word sense disambiguation. In this paper, we investigate the problem of identifying the scope of negation while determining the polarity of a sentence. We propose a negation handling method based on linguistic features which determine the effect of different types of negation. Experiment results show that the proposed method improves the accuracy of both negation scope identification and overall sentiment analysis.
The problem and awareness of liquor abuse in South Africa

Purpose - South Africa is among the world's highest levels of alcohol consumption per drinker. Liquor abuse is hence rampant and many drinkers engage in risky drinking regularly. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the problem of liquor abuse and seek to understand the degree to which respondents are aware of the alcohol problem in South Africa and whether they have experienced incidents of alcoholism, its impacts and in particular, the study seeks to determine the degree to which minors are exposed to liquor. Awareness of the seriousness of the problem is crucial to finding a lasting solution to it. Design/methodology/approach - This paper conducted a survey in five provinces of the socio-economic aspects of liquor abuse. These are Eastern Cape, Gauteng, Kwazulu Natal (KZN), Mpumalanga and Western Cape provinces. The paper intends to address whether there are: differences in liquor abuse between experiences of demographic (racial) groupings per province; differences in the knowledge of alcohol-related activities and impacts per province; and differences in exposure of minors to liquor-related violence per province. Findings - South Africans are generally aware of the liquor abuse problem and many have had personal experiences or know family members who have had personal experiences. Liquor abuse is associated strongly with negative social activities in the country. Among occupational groups, administrative officers in Gauteng and Mpumalanga are significantly associated with being transported by drunk drivers. Drinking at work is significantly associated with professionals in KZN. Originality/value - There are few studies that examine issues related to the problem of liquor abuse and the awareness of its seriousness. The findings could assist in understanding how to target education campaigns to inform the public of the problem of liquor abuse.
Security Electronic Commerce Protocol by the Third Kind Entities

In e-commerce protocols, malicious participants misbehave on their benefits. There is some work in analysis the application-protocols but little similar work about the foundation-protocols. To fill the gap we use semi-regular entities to denote the entities different from penetrators that participate in the protocol on behalf of themselves such as customers in e-commerce. A method in strand space model is also presented. After descriptions of hash and Diffie-Hellman exchange, semi-regular strand and semi-regular node are added into the model, finally is an attack on the Internet key exchange (IKE) protocol as a case
Influence of heat stress on the reactivity of isolated chicken carotid artery to vasoactive agents

Cerebral ischaemia is considered to be an important cause of central nervous system dysfunction in heat stress. We hypothesized that heat stress would alter the reactivity of isolated carotid artery to vasoactive agents. Carotid arteries were isolated from broiler chickens maintained either at 23–24°C with 55–65% humidity (control conditions) or exposed to 40 ± 1°C with 35% humidity for 4 h (heat stress). Contractions were elicited with vasoconstrictors such as 5‐HT, phenylephrine, guanfacine and CaCl2 (K+‐depolarized) in endothelium‐denuded arterial rings. Heat stress significantly increased the potency of 5‐HT, but had no effect on the sensitivity of the vessel to phenylephrine or guanfacine. In contrast, it markedly decreased the potency and efficacy of CaCl2. Vasodilator responses to ACh (endothelium‐intact) and sodium nitroprusside (endothelium‐denuded), however, were unaffected. Although cyclopiazonic acid (10 μm) significantly decreased 5‐HT responses in both the conditions, the agonist was still more potent in heat stress. Extracellular Ca2+ removal had no effect on contractions caused by 5‐HT in control conditions, but it significantly decreased the agonist potency in heat stress. Interestingly, nifedipine (1 μm) markedly inhibited 5‐HT‐induced contractions both in control conditions and in heat stress, implying an inhibitory effect on both Ca2+ influx and release. Thus, nifedipine had a markedly greater inhibitory effect on 5‐HT‐induced contractions in heat stress compared with control conditions. The results suggest that heat stress increased the vasoconstrictor responses to 5‐HT by a mechanism that involved extracellular Ca2+ influx through nifedipine‐sensitive L‐type calcium channels.
What the Market Watched: Bloomberg News Stories and Bank Returns as the Financial Crisis Unfolded

This paper explores a unique dataset on the largest, most systemically important US banks, gathered via Bloomberg during the early stages of the recent financial crisis. Unlike previous literature that has often used information on headlines as a metric for news, the dataset here contains information on readership interest and therefore provides a glimpse into the extent to which financial market participants were focused on the news of a particular bank as the financial crisis unfolded. By examining the news that captured the attention of these participants and exploring its relationship to equity returns, this paper considers the role that market news and reputation may have had in shaping perception about banks during the crisis. There is strong evidence that those banks that on average had relatively high readership interest, or that ranked highly in readership interest a large proportion of the days in the sample, suffered significantly lower returns than those that did not, both contemporaneously and subsequently; in addition, greater news readership was associated with higher volatility of returns. A model portfolio that each day is short the ten banks’ stocks that were in the top readership rankings the previous day and long the other banks’ stocks generates a cumulative P&L of 60.8% in the run-up to the crisis. The results suggest that news stories that result in high readership among financial market participants can have a large effect in shaping the latter’s perceptions and subsequent decisions.
Synaptic potentiation of dual‐component excitatory postsynaptic currents in the rat hippocampus.

1. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp recording has been used to study tetanus‐induced synaptic potentiation of dual‐component excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices, following blockade of GABAA and GABAB receptor‐mediated synaptic inhibition. 2. At a holding potential of ‐60 mV, the initial slope of the EPSC (between 10 and 60% of maximum amplitude) provided an accurate measurement of the AMPA receptor‐mediated component, and the amplitude of the EPSC at a latency of 100 ms provided the best estimate of the size of the NMDA receptor‐mediated component. 3. Neurons were voltage clamped for at least 45 min prior to delivery of a tetanus (test intensity, 100 Hz, 1 s). Measurements at 10 and 30 min following the tetanus were used as indications of short‐term potentiation (STP) and long‐term potentiation (LTP), respectively. One set of neurons were voltage clamped at ‐60 mV throughout. These neurons could be subdivided into two populations on the basis of whether or not there was LTP (n = 9), or only STP (n = 6), of the AMPA receptor‐mediated component. A second set of neurons were voltage clamped at ‐60 mV for 30 min and then at ‐50 mV for 15 min before, during and for 30 min following tetanization. In these experiments there was STP but not LTP (n = 8). 4. In all neurons (n = 23), the time course of the potentiation of the NMDA receptor‐mediated component paralleled that of the AMPA receptor‐mediated component. In addition, potentiation of the NMDA and AMPA receptor‐mediated components were of a similar magnitude. 5. These data demonstrate that it is possible to induce LTP by high frequency stimulation after 45 min of whole‐cell recording. Under these conditions, there is a parallel potentiation of the AMPA and NMDA receptor‐mediated components of dual‐component EPSCs. This constitutes the first evidence, from studies of dual‐component synaptic responses, which is consistent with a presynaptic locus of expression of tetanus‐induced STP and LTP in the hippocampus.
Toward a Further Understanding of and Improvement in Measurement Invariance Methods and Procedures

Recognizing that measurement invariance was rarely tested for in organizational research, and that it should be, Vandenberg and Lance elaborated on the importance of conducting tests of measurement invariance and proposed an integrative paradigm for conducting sequences of measurement invariance tests. Building on their platform, the current article addresses some of the shortcomings in our understanding of the analytical procedures. In particular, it points out the need to address (a) the sensitivity of the analytical procedures, (b) the susceptibility of the procedures to contextual influences, (c) how partial invariance affects the tests of substantive interest, and (d) the triggers or causes for not supporting invariance. In the hopes of stimulating further research on these topics, ideas are presented as to how this research may be undertaken.
Perception and Action Planning

A new framework for the understanding of functional relationships between perception and action is discussed. According to this framework, perceived events and planned actions share a common representational domain (common-coding approach). Supporting evidence from two classes of experimental paradigms is presented: induction paradigms and interference paradigms. Induction paradigms study how certain stimuli induce certain actions by virtue of similarity. Evidence from two types of induction tasks is reviewed: sensorimotor synchronisation and spatial compatibility tasks. Interference paradigms study the mutual interference between the perception of ongoing events and the preparation and control of ongoing action. Again, evidence from two types of such tasks is reviewed, implying interference in either direction. It is concluded that the evidence available supports the common coding principle. A further general principle emerging from these studies is the action effect principle that is, the principle that.
“I Think I Can”: Mentoring as a Means of Enhancing Teacher Efficacy

Because good teaching is central to student achievement, schools must examine their professional development practices to determine whether they meet the needs of individual educators or whether professional development is offered as "one size fits all. " Activities that encourage teachers at every career stage to be reflective practitioners, decision makers, problem solvers, and researchers are vital to professional development. If the focus of professional growth opportunities is not on teacher learning, staff development opportunities will continue to be temporary and ineffective. The professional learning that teachers experience needs to be wedded to the everyday activities of teaching (Bredeson and Scribner 1997). Also, teachers need to understand their own needs and then have a
Early childhood education of children with specific language impairments

Early intervention for children with specific language impairment by teachers with experience in supporting their needs is critical to language acquisition. In Western Australia this small number of children are catered for in designated settings with specialised teachers. The length of time that these children are able to access intensive instruction may be shortening and therefore the potential effect on their learning is crucial. Teachers from five Language Development Centres were asked to respond to a range of issues associated with these children's ability to cope with the proposed early re-entry into the mainstream classroom. A total of 120 responses were received from teachers, speech therapists and educational assistants who highlighted the specialist skill set required to teach students with specific language impairments. Discussion focuses on the perceived ability of mainstream teachers to provide appropriate support for children with specific language impairments in the early years.
Function of Personal Growth Initiative on Posttraumatic Growth, Posttraumatic Stress, and Depression Over and Above Adaptive and Maladaptive Rumination.

OBJECTIVES The current study examined whether various types of rumination are distinguishable and the effects of personal growth initiative (PGI) on posttraumatic growth, posttraumatic stress, and depression through adaptive and maladaptive rumination. METHOD Sample included 292 college students who experienced a potentially traumatic event (PTE). RESULTS Intrusive and deliberative rumination were found to be distinct factors. However, brooding and reflection, thought to be separate aspects of depression, were a single factor. PGI was positively associated with growth and negatively associated with depression for both genders, and a negative relationship was found between PGI and posttraumatic stress among women. Indirect effects of PGI were found on posttraumatic stress and growth through different forms of rumination. These relations did not change after including the covariates (i.e., time since the trauma, direct exposure, and intentional harm). CONCLUSION The study provides new insight integrating rumination from the depression literature in the context of trauma and a potential benefit in applying PGI in alleviating pathology after a PTE and facilitating growth.
Social Self-Regulation

The social identity and self-awareness approaches to group members' behavior are described. It is suggested that identity salience should not be assumed to have direct effects on behavior. A model is presented that attempts to address this problem through an integration of the social identity (specifically, self-categorization theory) and self-awareness approaches. This model distinguishes between salience of self; a perceptual/interpretive process giving rise to particular self-images, and attention to self behavioral regulation in relation to particular self-selected goals or standards. The model has greater flexibility and wider applicability to individuals' collective behavior than either the social identity or the self-awareness approach alone.
Measuring the effectiveness of playing strategies at soccer

Using a notational system which records on-the-ball events taking place throughout a soccer match, the game can be broken down into a series of team possessions. To assess the effectiveness of a team possession, a quantitative variable is developed representing the probability of a goal being scored, minus the probability of one being conceded. This variable, called the yield, can be used to evaluate both the expected outcome of a team possession originating in a given situation, as well as the actual outcome of the possession. In this way, the effectiveness of different strategies occurring during the possession can be quantified and compared.
Emotion Elicitation EffEct of films in a JapanEsE samplE

Films are effective stimuli to elicit emotions. A set of films to elicit specific emotions was developed in a previous study (Gross & Levenson, 1995), and emotional reactions to them were investigated in Western participants. In this study, we investigated whether these films have a similar capacity to elicit emotions in a Japanese sample. Thirty-one Japanese participants viewed 8 films selected to elicit specific emotions (amusement, anger, contentment, disgust, fear, neutral, sadness, and surprise) and evaluated their emotional experiences using 16 discrete and 2 dimensional emotion scales. The discrete scales indicated that all of the films evidently elicited the target emotions, as well as some nontarget emotions. The dimensional emotion scales showed that almost all of the films elicited theoretically reasonable emotions in terms of valence. These results suggest that the films may have a universal capacity to elicit emotions.