Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Information Behaviour and Coping Functions of Long-Term Unemployed People in Finland

Abstract Coping with unemployment has been studied since the 1930s. Unemployed people's information behaviour, meanwhile, has only just begun to raise interest among researchers. To study both of these in order to find out whether there is a connection between unemployed people's information practices and coping functions is a whole new venture. This research is a quantitative study of coping functions and information behaviour of long-term unemployed people in Finland. The objective is to study what kind of information seeking practices long-term unemployed people have, what kind of coping functions they use to manage their life situation, and if there is a connection between their information seeking activities and coping functions. Studying their information seeking practices concentrates on everyday life information seeking and is divided into orienting and problem-specific information seeking according to the theory of Savolainen. The research material comprised 750 responses from people who had been out of work for more than a year and thus provides a good representation of Finnish long-term unemployed. The results indicate that long-term unemployed people are fairly active in their information seeking practices and use both active and passive coping functions. They also suggest that there is a connection between coping functions and information seeking practices of the long-term unemployed. It appears that high problem-focused copers are significantly more active in orienting information seeking than medium and low problem-focused copers. In problem-specific information seeking, those who use a lot of mixed-focused coping proved to be most active.
Policing the North

Nordic police studies have grown considerably in the last 15 years and especially recently. Researchers from many institutions and disciplines have contributed. There are three main lines of research. In the strongest, on police practice and culture, the concept of the “police gaze” has been central. Studies show a liquid culture with great variation depending on gender, age, how the culture is situated, and forms of resistance to change. The second line, mostly an Anglo-American import, concerns new theories and methods. Concepts such as zero tolerance, problem-oriented policing, and community police have been influential on symbolic and rhetorical levels, but less so on practice. The third line is research on the difficulty of police work and different models for controlling the police. Nordic police are heavily influenced by the Scandinavian welfare model. The model has been under considerable pressure and its weakened position has influenced the police. There may be a distinctive Nordic version of the new penalism, characterized by a harsher tone in policy debates and a large increase in surveillance in which the police play an important role but also by a reserved use of imprisonment.
Investigating hate crimes: Case characteristics and law enforcement responses

The apparent substantial increase in hate crime during the 1980s has led to two responses; legislation to expand the scope of the law and severity of punishment for such offenses, and police-initiated efforts to focus attention on and more fully investigate such crimes. This paper explores the characteristics of hate crimes in two jurisdictions, New York City and Baltimore County, Maryland, and the responses of the police. Data come from case records of the universe of hate crimes and from a sample of comparison crimes matched on the basis of criminal offense, date, and precinct. In New York City, bias crimes are investigated by a specialized detective unit and are far more likely than comparison crimes to result in the arrest of one or more perpetrators. In Baltimore County, patrol officers conduct follow-up investigations of bias crimes and emphasize victim support as an extension of the police department's community-oriented policing policy. Bias crimes in both jurisdictions differ from similar offense.
InsideOut: Facilitating Gay Youth Identity Development Through a Performance-Based Youth Organization

This article addresses issues of identity development for youth who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or questioning (LGBTQ), using the concept of a "viable social identity" (Cote & Levine, 2002) as the model for a positive developmental trajectory. LGBTQ youth face more extreme developmental challenges than most mainstream youth, such as learning to manage a stigmatized identity (Hetrick & Martin, 1987) in a potentially hostile environment, making participation in identity-work activities particularly important. Through a case study with About Face Youth Theatre, a performance arts organization in Chicago, this study explores the relation between narrative and identity, and the way in which the public performance of personal narratives both allows youth to explore possible selves (Markus & Nurius, 1986) and to see their painful, personal stories independent of themselves, allowing them to move beyond these events toward a positive future.
Isolation of Radial Glia-Like Neural Stem Cells from Fetal and Adult Mouse Forebrain via Selective Adhesion to a Novel Adhesive Peptide-Conjugate

Preferential adhesion of neural stem cells to surfaces covered with a novel synthetic adhesive polypeptide (AK-cyclo[RGDfC]) provided a unique, rapid procedure for isolating radial glia-like cells from both fetal and adult rodent brain. Radial glia-like (RGl) neural stem/progenitor cells grew readily on the peptide-covered surfaces under serum-free culture conditions in the presence of EGF as the only growth factor supplement. Proliferating cells derived either from fetal (E 14.5) forebrain or from different regions of the adult brain maintained several radial glia-specific features including nestin, RC2 immunoreactivity and Pax6, Sox2, Blbp, Glast gene expression. Proliferating RGl cells were obtained also from non-neurogenic zones including the parenchyma of the adult cerebral cortex and dorsal midbrain. Continuous proliferation allowed isolating one-cell derived clones of radial glia-like cells. All clones generated neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes under appropriate inducing conditions. Electrophysiological characterization indicated that passive conductance with large delayed rectifying potassium current might be a uniform feature of non-induced radial glia-like cells. Upon induction, all clones gave rise to GABAergic neurons. Significant differences were found, however, among the clones in the generation of glutamatergic and cathecolamine-synthesizing neurons and in the production of oligodendrocytes.
Hydrolytic degradation of composite resins: effects on the microhardness

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the microhardness of two laboratory-processed composites (Artglass; belleGlass) and two direct placement composites (Filtek Z250; Alert), after aging in distilled water. Twenty cylinders (8 mm diameter; 2 mm height) per tested material were prepared and stored in 10 ml of distilled water. Five Knoop hardness measurements were made on the surface of the specimens with a Miniload Hardness Tester under a load of 50 g for 30 s at 10 min, 24 h, 30 and 90 days. Statistical analysis was perfomed using two-way ANOVA, followed by a SNK multiple comparison test (p < 0.05). The analysis showed statistically significant difference among hardness means recorded at the different aging time and the tested materials. It may be concluded that all materials presented hydrolytic degradation due to aging in aqueous environment.
Learning to Simplify Sentences with Quasi-Synchronous Grammar and Integer Programming

Text simplification aims to rewrite text into simpler versions, and thus make information accessible to a broader audience. Most previous work simplifies sentences using handcrafted rules aimed at splitting long sentences, or substitutes difficult words using a predefined dictionary. This paper presents a data-driven model based on quasi-synchronous grammar, a formalism that can naturally capture structural mismatches and complex rewrite operations. We describe how such a grammar can be induced from Wikipedia and propose an integer linear programming model for selecting the most appropriate simplification from the space of possible rewrites generated by the grammar. We show experimentally that our method creates simplifications that significantly reduce the reading difficulty of the input, while maintaining grammaticality and preserving its meaning.
Adaptation of the Two Arms to opposite Prism Displacements

In normal subjects, the two arms were exposed separately to prismatic displacements of opposite sign, using the eye ipsilateral to the exposed arm. Opposite adaptive shifts were induced on each arm whether the eye ipsilateral to the arm (i.e. exposed to a displacement of the same sign as the arm) or the eye controlateral to the arm (i.e. exposed to a displacement of opposite sign) was used during testing. This result precludes the possible role of oculomotor signals in this type of prism adaptation.
The nuclear rDNA intergenic spacer of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor: structural analysis and allelic polymorphism.

The nuclear rDNA intergenic spacer (IGS) of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor was amplified and sequenced to identify the source of its intraspecific polymorphism. The IGS was amplified by PCR in several L. bicolor strains and shown to exhibit multiple bands and length polymorphism. The IGS loci were shown to segregate in a 1:1 ratio within haploid progenies in three dikaryotic strains, suggesting that divergent IGS haplotypes were present in the two nuclei of these strains. The two haplotypes of L. bicolor S238N were sequenced: the beta-haplotype was 4160 bp in length, whereas the size of the alpha-haplotype was estimated to be about 4700 bp. These represent the largest published fungal IGS sequences to date. These sequences can be subdivided into three main regions, IGS1, 5S rDNA and IGS2. The IGS sequences are AT-rich and contain numerous occurrences of three types of subrepeats (e.g. T2-AC3). The length polymorphism, observed between the IGS sequence of the alpha- and beta-haplotypes, results from the insertion of various numbers of a 71 bp subrepeat, called B, occurring in IGS2. This variation in subrepeat number suggests that the two haplotypes resulted from unequal cross-overs. The L. bicolor IGS was aligned with IGS sequences of two other Tricholomataceae (i.e. Tricholoma matsutake and Collybia fusipes). No sequence similarity was observed between these IGSs, but homologous subrepeats were found in L. bicolor and T. matsutake. Analysis of IGS length polymorphism is therefore an efficient tool for investigating genetic relationships between genets and within progenies in natural fungal populations.
Parties and issues in conflict

Scientific concepts should probably be viewed as expendable resources. They arise, serve their purpose, decline, and pass off the stage. If they overstay their usefulness, they may come to inhibit or impede, rather than stimulate or facilitate, creative thinking and research. The concept of "conflict" may fall into this category of outmoded concepts; it may have outlived its usefulness. It has no clear-cut referent, being emotion-fraught, value-laden, fuzzy, and equivocal. It confuses analysis.2 We might sharpen our thinking in the behavioral sciences if we discarded it entirely and replaced it with more precise, meaningful, and neutral concepts.8
Our Schools and Our Future: Are We Still at Risk?

Our Schools and Our Future . Are We Still at Risk? , edited by Paul E. Peterson. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 2003. 378 pp. $15.00, paperback; $25.00, hardback. In 2004 we are acknowledging the anniversary of two major civil rights and education milestones; one being the 50th anniversary of the Brown v. Board of Education ruling and the other is the 40th anniversary of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In light of these recognitions, we continue to ask ourselves how much has education and opportunity changed for those previously considered to be disenfranchised? In the midst of the strong federal presence of accountability, we also ask what measures need to be taken to increase student achievement and thus destroy disenfranchisement (combining the simultaneous quest for excellence and equity in education)? Similar questions and issues are addressed in Our Schools and Our Future. as the contributing authors acknowledge and review the effects of the report A Nation at Risk, released two decades ago. The Koret Foundation established a task force of 11 scholars on K-12 education. The members of this academic community of educators were invited to give their scope on the state of education since the release of the infamous report 20 years ago. The authors that comprise this task force argue that the National Commission did a better job of diagnosis than prescription when they released A Nation at Risk in 1983. In this book, an insightful distinction was made between the noncompliance of the form and spirit of recommendations put forth by A Nation at Risk. A Nation at Risk alarmed many citizens, particularly administrators, teachers, politicians, and the press. It stimulated an attentive ear of a receptive audience and launched what came to be known as the "excellence movement. " After the release of A Nation at Risk, researchers and educators alike began to reconsider the organization and governance of schools, curriculum standards, teacher training, and the like. In this context, Our Schools and Our Future discuss how these changes may not have been the most astute, but achieved a well deserved refocus on the status of American education. The book is organized into three major sections that provide readers with an overview of past, present, and future phenomena as it relates to educational policy. Section one, "A Nation at Risk: Then and Now," offers a historical look at the document while examining the changes in reform trends or lack thereof. This section also gives attention to the achievement of minority children at risk. The authors admit that A Nation at Risk had a deleterious effect on minority students, particularly in urban areas. …
[Relation of human zygote morphology and implantation of the transferred embryo].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between human embryo implantation rates and the zygote morphology and establish zygote morphologic indices that indicate the embryo implantation potential after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). METHODS Sixty-two patients with IVF-ET were enrolled in this study, who were below 35 years of age with endometrium thickness no greater than 8 mm on the day of HCG injection. Embryo transfer was performed on day 3 after oocyte retrieval, and 30 patients with successful implantation of all the embryos transferred (implantation rate of 100%) were allocated into the implantation group, and the other 32 patients with implantation failure (implantation rate of 0) served as the control group. The zygote morphologic characteristics were analyzed for the pronuclei, nucleolar precursor bodies (NPB), polar body, cytoplasmic halo, color and granulation of the cytoplasm, and the results were compared between the two groups. RESULTS The implantation rate was significantly higher for embryos with the two pronuclei in close vicinity, central position of the pronuclei in the cytoplasm and comparable size of the two pronuclei. Embryos developed from zygotes with linear arrangement of 3 to 7 NPB in moderate sizes tented to have a higher implantation rate (P<0.05). The implantation rate could be obviously lowered when the cytoplasm contained excessive cytoplasmic granularity (P<0.05). The other morphologic characteristics of the embryos such as the polar bodies, color of the cytoplasm, cytoplasm halo, or vacuoles in the cytoplasm did not significantly impact on the implantation rate. CONCLUSION The morphology of the two pronuclei reflects the quality of the zygote and may help predict the developmental potential of the embryo chosen for transfer on day 3 in IVF.
Potential drug-drug interactions in prescriptions dispensed in community and hospital pharmacies in East of Iran

Objective: This study aim to evaluate and compare type and prevalence of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in prescriptions dispensed in both community and hospital setting in Zabol, Iran. Methods: A total of 2796 prescriptions were collected from community and inpatient and outpatient pharmacy of Amir-al-momenin only current acting hospital in Zabol, Iran. The prescriptions were processed using Lexi-Comp drug interaction software. The identified DDIs were categorized into five classes (A, B, C, D, X). Findings: Overall 41.6% of prescriptions had at last one potential DDI. The most common type of interactions was type C (66%). The percentage of drug interactions in community pharmacies were significantly lower than hospital pharmacies (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Our results indicate that patients in Zabol are at high risk of adverse drug reactions caused by medications due to potential DDIs. Appropriate education for physicians about potentially harmful DDIs, as well as active participation of pharmacists in detection and prevention of drug-related injuries, could considerably prevent the consequence of DDIs among patients.
Appearance of Mink Cell Focus-Inducing Recombinants during In Vivo Infection by Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus (M-MuLV) or the Mo+PyF101 M-MuLV Enhancer Variant: Implications for Sites of Generation and Roles in Leukemogenesis

ABSTRACT One hallmark of murine leukemia virus (MuLV) leukemogenesis in mice is the appearance of env gene recombinants known as mink cell focus-inducing (MCF) viruses. The site(s) of MCF recombinant generation in the animal during Moloney MuLV (M-MuLV) infection is unknown, and the exact roles of MCF viruses in disease induction remain unclear. Previous comparative studies between M-MuLV and an enhancer variant, Mo+PyF101 MuLV, suggested that MCF generation or early propagation might take place in the bone marrow under conditions of efficient leukemogenesis. Moreover, M-MuLV induces disease efficiently following both intraperitoneal (i.p.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation but leukemogenicity by Mo+PyF101 M-MuLV is efficient following i.p. inoculation but attenuated upon s.c. inoculation. Time course studies of MCF recombinant appearance in the bone marrow, spleen, and thymus of wild-type and Mo+PyF101 M-MuLV i.p.- and s.c. -inoculated mice were carried out by performing focal immunofluorescence assays. Both the route of inoculation and the presence of the PyF101 enhancer sequences affected the patterns of MCF generation or early propagation. The bone marrow was a likely site of MCF recombinant generation and/or early propagation following i.p. inoculation of M-MuLV. On the other hand, when the same virus was inoculated s.c. , the primary site of MCF generation appeared to be the thymus. Also, when Mo+PyF101 M-MuLV was inoculated i.p., MCF generation appeared to occur primarily in the thymus. The time course studies indicated that MCF recombinants are not involved in preleukemic changes such as splenic hyperplasia. On the other hand, MCFs were detected in tumors from Mo+PyF101 M-MuLV s.c. -inoculated mice even though they were largely undetectable at preleukemic times. These results support a role for MCF recombinants late in disease induction.
How can we exploit the brain’s ability to repair itself?

The notion of our brain having a limited repertoire of cells to be used throughout our life has been refuted multiples times, showing systems by which new neurons are generated on demand, accounting for crucial aspects of brain function in a process known as neurogenesis. The potential of neurogenesis to replace lost neurons is enormous and has direct implications on how we understand the brain’s response to pathology. But replacing functional neurons is not trivial: an orchestrated sequence of steps is needed to ensure the timed generation of new cells, their migration to the sites of injury and their correct differentiation and integration into the pre-existing circuitry. However, there is evidence of this sequence being effective in replacing certain neuronal populations in brain disease. The perspective of understanding, manipulating and directing the brain’s self-repairing responses opens a vast avenue to explore novel therapeutic approaches to replace neuronal loss in neurodegenerative diseases.
Learning to read in Ratanakiri: a case study from northeastern Cambodia

Abstract In Ratanakiri province, northeastern Cambodia, the majority of the local people are native speakers of ethnic minority languages. Primarily subsistence farmers, they use their own language to communicate with others in their villages, and as they work in their rice fields. A baseline survey taken between 1996 and 1998 in five such villages showed that more than 95% of the people could not read and write any language. At the time a literacy program was initiated, there were no other Mother Tongue First literacy programs anywhere in Cambodia for speakers of indigenous ethnic minority languages. Between 1997 and 2002 educational materials were prepared in four of these languages and a village program was initiated. Community participation was the key to the success of the program. Students who complete the program in their own language may go on to more advanced classes to learn to read the national language, Khmer. This paper discusses how against a background in which all previous programs for ethnic minority people had been designed only for reading Khmer, this program was guided by a rationale of Mother Tongue First as the driving principle for acquiring literacy for speakers of indigenous minority languages.
Plasma concentration of heat shock protein 27 and risk of cardiovascular disease: a prospective, nested case-control study.

BACKGROUND Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) has been hypothesized to be a potential biomarker of atherothrombosis. However, no prospective studies have yet been performed to investigate the association between HSP27 plasma concentration and incident cardiovascular events among initially healthy individuals. METHODS We evaluated plasma concentrations of HSP27 at baseline among 255 initially healthy participants in the Women's Health Study who subsequently developed myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or cardiovascular death during a follow-up period of up to 5.9 years and among an equal number of women matched for age and smoking but who remained free of cardiovascular disease over the same time period. RESULTS Overall, HSP27 plasma concentrations were inversely associated with age (Spearman correlation coefficient r = -0.258, P <0.001), but not with other established cardiovascular risk factors. Conditional logistic regression analysis showed no significant association of baseline HSP27 plasma concentration with future cardiovascular disease; the odds ratio for upper vs lower tertile of HSP27 concentration at baseline was 0.99 (95% CI 0.62-1.57, P for trend = 0.99). CONCLUSION In this prospective study of initially healthy women, baseline HSP27 plasma concentration was not associated with incident cardiovascular events.