Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correspondence Between Self- and Good-Manager Descriptions

Newly collected data from samples obtained from two different populations—undergraduate business students and part-time (i.e., evening) MBA students—were compared with data from samples obtained from the same two populations during each of the three previous decades (N = 1,818) to examine the correspondence between self-descriptions and descriptions of a “good manager. ” Both stability and change in the correspondence between self- and good-manager descriptions were predicted. Providing strong support for stability, the correspondence between self- and good-manager descriptions was greater for men than women for all data combined as well as for data collected at each point in time. However, despite changes in women’s status and in views of effective leadership across the four decades in which data were collected, the correspondence between self- and good-manager descriptions exhibited a lack of support for consistent change over time for women and men considered separately. Implications for the nature of the linkages among sex, gender, and leadership as well as implications for individuals and organizations are discussed.
Attitude to physical education and participation in organized youth sports during adolescence related to physical activity in young adulthood: A 10-year longitudinal study

This study examined the relationship between participation in organized youth sport and attitude to physical education (PE) during adolescence and physical activity in young adulthood. The sample comprised 630 participants who completed questionnaires over a 10-year period. Analysis of variance and regression were used to examine the relationship between attitude to PE and participation in organized sport at age 13 years and physical activity at age 23 years. Both genders had a consistent and positive attitude toward PE at age 13—16 years. More boys participated in organized youth sport, and participation rates declined from age 13 to 16 years. Participation in organized sport was the strongest predictor of physical activity at age 23 years in males, whereas attitude to PE was the strongest predictor in females. Participation in sport and physical activity in different arenas during adolescence may affect participation differently in young adult men and women.
Field application of polymerase chain reaction diagnosis and strain typing of Trypanosoma cruzi in Bolivian triatomines.

A new approach for direct identification and characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi stocks in biological samples was tested for field applicability on an extensive sample of feces collected from triatomine vectors from four different species found in Bolivia. The first step of the technique is polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the hypervariable region of kinetoplast DNA minicircles of T. cruzi parasites. In this report, 345 fecal samples were analyzed and the PCR results were compared with microscopic examination. For Triatoma infestans, the principal Bolivian vector, both techniques were in concordance 85.3% of the time. For the three other species, Rhodnius pictipes, Eratyrus mucronatus, and Triatoma sordida, the fecal samples were all negative by microscopic examination whereas PCR results showed several T. cruzi-infected insects in each species. The second step of the procedure is the characterization of the T. cruzi clones by means of hybridization of the PCR products with clone-specific probes generated by the PCR. We used two probes corresponding to major clones circulating in high frequency in Bolivia (as shown by previous population genetic studies using isoenzyme characterization). We obtained four primary results: 1) we confirm the importance of two major clones in Bolivia in two distinct regions; 2) we report high rates of mixed infections (multiple clones in a single vector) in Triatoma infestans, up to 22% and 35% in Cochabamba and La Paz departments, respectively; 3) the results favor the absence of interaction between different clones; and 4) we find, for the first time, evidence of the major clones circulating in three species of triatomines that are known as mainly sylvatic species. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Signatures and Methods for the Automated Nondestructive Assay of ${\rm UF}_{6}$  Cylinders at Uranium Enrichment Plants

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspectors currently perform periodic inspections at uranium enrichment plants to verify UF6 cylinder enrichment declarations. Measurements are typically performed with handheld high-resolution sensors on a sampling of cylinders taken to be representative of the facility's entire cylinder inventory. These measurements are time-consuming, expensive, and assay only a small fraction of the total cylinder volume. An automated nondestructive assay system capable of providing enrichment measurements over the full volume of the cylinder could improve upon current verification practices in terms of manpower and assay accuracy. The 185-keV emission from U-235 is utilized in today's cylinder measurements, but augmenting this “traditional” signature with more-penetrating “non-traditional” signatures could help to achieve full-volume assay in an automated system. This paper describes the study of non-traditional signatures that include neutrons produced by F-19 (α, n) reactions (spawned primarily from U-234 alpha emission) and the high-energy gamma rays (extending up to 8 MeV) induced by those neutrons when they interact in the cylinder wall and nearby materials. The potential of these non-traditional signatures and assay methods for automated cylinder verification is explored using field measurements on a small population of cylinders ranging from 2.0% to 5% in U-235 enrichment. The standard deviation of the non-traditional high-energy gamma-ray assay approach was 4.7% relative to the declared cylinder enrichments; the standard deviation of the traditional enrichment meter approach using a well-collimated high-resolution spectrometer was 4.3%. The prospect of using the non-traditional high-energy gamma-ray signature in concert with the traditional 185-keV signature to reduce the uncertainty of automated cylinder assay is discussed.
Impacts of Land-Use Change, Slope, and Erosion on Soil Organic Carbon Retention and Storage

Abstract Many factors, including land use, management history, soil type, climate, and soil landscape processes, affect the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC). The primary objective of this research was to determine the SOC level in a timberland of west-central Illinois and then to compare the level with the SOC levels in adjacent cropland and pastureland after 150 years of agricultural use. The SOC concentration of various soil layers, to a depth of 0.5 m, was measured. The timberland contained 68.3 Mg C ha−1 in 2009. Results suggested that the cropland landscape retained 59.7 Mg C ha−1 or 87% of the total SOC in the timberland on a volumetric basis after the last 150 years of cultivation and cropland use. Soil erosion and sediment transport resulted in some SOC being deposited in lower landscape positions but retained in landscape. The other 13% net loss of the SOC storage was either deposited in the water or released to the atmosphere. The last 90 years of pasture use increased the SOC of the site as a result of C loading in the form of manure, which resulted in increased SOC storage and offset all previous losses of SOC caused by cultivation, soil erosion, and aeration. The current pastureland had 34% more SOC than the timberland in 2009 and 53% more than the cropland. These results suggest that if west-central Illinois timberland soils were cleared and used for cropland, cultivation and subsequent soil erosion and transported C-rich sediment will result in SOC redistribution on landscape with greater SOC retention in lower landscape positions, with SOC being released to streams or to the atmosphere. However, if timberland is converted to pastureland, significant amounts of SOC and soil organic N (SON) would be stored in soil as humus. Conversion of timberland to cropland reduced SOC storage, and conversion to pastureland increased SOC storage and retention.
Correlates of Effective Teaching as Measured by Student Ratings.

The study examined the specific correlates of an overall rating of instructional effectiveness. A 23-item instrument with reliability of . 85 was used by 1,650 students to rate 50 instructors who volunteered for the study. Specific teacher attributes as measured by 22 items on the rating scale were correlated with a high-inference rating of teaching effectiveness. The attributes that made the strongest bivariate contributions to the overall rating of a course were: motivating students for maximum learning, interesting way of presentation, explaining clearly, and accomplishing course objectives.
Clay exfoliation and polymer/clay aerogels by supercritical carbon dioxide

Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) treatments of a montmorillonite (MMT) intercalated with ammonium cations bearing two long hydrocarbon tails (organo-modified MMT, OMMT) led to OMMT exfoliation, with loss of the long-range order in the packing of the hydrocarbon tails and maintenance of the long-range order in the clay layers. The intercalated and the derived exfoliated OMMT have been deeply characterized, mainly by X-ray diffraction analyses. Monolithic composite aerogels, with large amounts of both intercalated and exfoliated OMMT and including the nanoporous-crystalline δ form of syndiotactic polystyrene (s-PS), have been prepared, by scCO2 extractions of s-PS-based gels. Also for high OMMT content, the gel and aerogel preparation procedures occur without re-aggregation of the exfoliated clay, which is instead observed for other kinds of polymer processing. Aerogels with the exfoliated OMMT have more even dispersion of the clay layers, higher elastic modulus and larger surface area than aerogels with the intercalated OMMT. Extremely light materials with relevant transport properties could be prepared. Moreover, s-PS-based aerogels with exfoliated OMMT could be helpful for the handling of exfoliated clay minerals.
Autistic behavior in children with fragile X syndrome: Prevalence, stability, and the impact of FMRP

We examined autistic behavior in a cross‐sectional sample of 179 children with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and a longitudinal subset of 116 children using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) to (a) determine a prevalence of autistic behavior in FXS, (b) examine the stability of autistic ratings over time, and (c) assess the association between the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) and autistic behavior. Approximately 21% of the sample of 129 children (25.9% of boys) scored at or above the cutoff for autism. CARS scores increased slowly, yet significantly, over time, and low levels of FMRP were associated with higher mean levels of autistic behavior as measured by the CARS. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mineral trioxide aggregate in primary teeth pulpotomy. A systematic literature review.

UNLABELLED Evidence-based dentistry is a critical evaluation, awareness of the available evidence to improve decision making about the care of individual patients and/or communities. OBJECTIVE To systematically analyze the available scientific literature on clinical and radiographic results of two materials used in pulpotomy in primary teeth: formocresol and mineral trioxide aggregate. MATERIALS AND METHODS It was identified relevant publications through a search of electronic databases such as MEDLINE (Ovid) and The Cochrane Library. To be included in the review, studies had to define the material used in child patients with pulp exposure by caries or tooth-alveolar trauma. RESULTS Of the 21 articles obtained in the initial phase of the review, only 19 were available in full text and of these only met the requirements for inclusion 6 items, which were confronted, analyzed and discussed later. CONCLUSIONS The clinical evidence available showed significant differences regarding the use of a material or another. In addition to the findings of clinical follow--radiographic and taking into account the potential toxicity of formocresol suggest the use of mineral trioxide aggregate pulpotomy of primary teeth.
Employees’ overall perception of HRM effectiveness

Although the effects of a company’s overall human resources (HR) practices, or HR bundle, have been extensively examined, the effects of employees’ overall perception of HR effectiveness have rarely been studied. The current research examines whether a company’s commitment HR bundle measured at the company level is associated with an employee’s overall perception measured at the individual level, and whether the overall perception influences his/her perceived procedural justice and organizational commitment. Using data collected from 37 companies and 959 employees in Korea, the results show that the company’s HR bundle affects the overall perception of the employees, and that the overall perception predicts organizational commitment, which is partially mediated by procedural justice perception. Discussions and implications of the results are included.
The COS Stream Ciphers are Extremely Weak

A new family of very fast stream ciphers called COS (for “crossing over system”) has been proposed by Filiol and Fontaine, and seems to have been adopted for at least one commercial standard. In this note we show that the COS ciphers are very weak indeed — it requires negligible effort to reconstruct the state of the keystream generator from a very small amount of known keystream.
Risk factors and risk reduction of breast and ovarian cancer

Purpose of review Breast and ovarian cancer remain a significant burden for women living in the Western world. This paper reviews the risk factors and current strategies to prevent these diseases. Recent findings Established factors associated with the risk of breast cancer include family history, reproductive factors and lactation, as well as age at menarche and menopause. Hormone replacement therapy increases the risk, whereas oral contraceptives probably confer no increased risk. Alcohol moderately increases the risk, whereas a diet rich in folate and carotenoids might be protective. The role of other dietary factors, smoking and physical exercise remain unclear. Important risk factors for ovarian cancer are reproductive factors and possibly the long-term use of hormone replacement therapy. The risk is decreased by oral contraceptives. In carriers of a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation, prophylactic surgery can significantly reduce the risk of breast as well as ovarian cancer. Tamoxifen may be considered as a chemopreventive agent in women with a high risk of breast cancer, including carriers of a BRCA2 mutation, but is probably not effective in BRCA1 carriers. Summary During the period of this review, the importance of several known risk factors was confirmed, whereas the effects of other factors became more clear. Chemoprevention and prophylactic surgery have emerged as preventative options that can reduce the risk of breast and ovarian cancer.
Learners with behavioural, emotional and social difficulties’ experiences of reintegration into mainstream education

Behavioural, emotional and social difficulties (BESD) are a significant impediment to effective teaching and learning in England and Wales. Initiatives such as in-school Learning Support Units (LSUs) and off-site Pupil Referral Units (PRUs) aim to address BESD through short-term individualised learning programmes, followed by mandatory reintegration into mainstream education. This reintegration often fails due to post-reintegration regression contributed to poor-to-fit behaviour. The aim of the study was to analyse and describe the reintegration experiences of learners with BESD, followed by a resilience-based reintegration programme to aid policy makers and practitioners with the reintegration into mainstream education of learners with BESD. A qualitative research approach with a generic phenomenological enquiry within an interpretivist-constructivist paradigm was followed. A total of 13 learners with BESD from the London Borough of Waltham Forest and between the ages of 11 to 14 participated through completion of sentences and a life essay. Of the learner participants, four were invited to participate in unstructured interviews, alongside professionals with an interest in the reintegration of learners. Parents of the participants were asked to complete qualitative questionnaires and teachers were asked to respond to questions via email. In all, three main themes were identified: promotive and risk emotional experiences, promotive and risk relationship experiences and promotive and risk experiences based on the reintegration processes. The findings support guidelines for developing resilience-based reintegration programmes that include developing emotional competence, developing promotive relationships and implementing promotive reintegration practices.
Application of the theory of planned behaviour to two dietary behaviours: Roles of perceived control and self-efficacy

Objectives. This study examined the application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to two dietary behaviours with a particular focus on the roles of perceived control and self-efficacy as two components of the perceived behavioural control construct in the TPB. Methods. A total of 287 members of the general public completed questionnaires, one concerning the influence of TPB variables on intentions and behaviour for either eating five portions of fruit and vegetables per day (N = 144) or eating a low-fat diet (N= 143), and the second concerning actual eating behaviour one month later. In addition, the individual components of perceived behavioural control (perceived control and self-efficacy) and their determinant beliefs were examined. Results. For each behaviour, the TPB variables were found to be good predictors of intentions (fat intake, R 2 = .637; fruit and vegetable intake, R 2 = .572), although less good at predicting behaviour (fat intake, R 2 = .185; fruit and vegetable intake, R 2 = .321), with self-efficacy being consistently more predictive than perceived control. In addition, examination of their determinant beliefs revealed self-efficacy and perceived control to have difference bases. The conceptual and empirical distinctions between perceived control and self-efficacy are discussed.
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives for the Cognitive Domain: Philosophical and Educational Issues

A recent review of the Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, cognitive domain, commonly known as Bloom’s taxonomy, concentrated on its statistical properties. The present review complements and supplements this earlier one by concentrating on philosophical and educational issues. It covers unpublished studies as well as published literature over about a 25-year period. The focus is on the claimed properties of neutrality, comprehensiveness, cumulative hierarchical structure, and usefulness.
Conceptualizing A Cycle Of Ascent Into Mania: A Case Report

This case study describes the collaborative development of an idiosyncratic cognitive model of the ascent into mania in a patient with bipolar affective disorder. The client held the belief that he could rise above his depression and feelings of low self-esteem through the pursuit of highly demanding goals and rewarding activity. While still depressed and anxious, small increases in positive mood and energy triggered hyper-positive thoughts about himself (e.g. “I am back to my attractive, intelligent and outgoing self again”). Consequently, he engaged in a range of “ascent” behaviours that were consistent with the pursuit of this self-view. The direct effects of these behaviours and their effects on other people led to further increases in positive mood and physiological activation, which in turn triggered more hyper-positive self-relevant thoughts. The client reported that he found the model an extremely useful component of cognitive behavioural therapy.
Patterns of Personality in Africa

This article is neither a research report in the usual sense nor a documented review of the literature, but an attempt by a psychological anthropologist to extract from his experience of Africans preliminary answers to general questions that specialists rarely consider but cannot afford to ignore: Are there distinctively African patterns of personality? What differences are there in behavior and personality between Africans and Westerners? How do the personality characteristics of Africans affect their social adaptation to changing conditions? This overview, going beyond empirical findings and using personal experience as well as scientific data as a source of generalization, is intended to stimulate systematic research and identify issues worthy of investigation. The term "personality" is here used as referring to consistencies
The Impact of Full Immersion Scientific Research Experiences on Teachers’ Views of the Nature of Science

This study examined secondary science teachers' conceptions of the nature of science after full immersion authentic scientific research experiences that included explicit nature of science instruction as compared to teachers' in full immersion research experiences that did not have explicit nature of science instruction. For 8 weeks in the summer, 19 teachers in Trial A (non-explicit) and 21 teachers in Trial B (explicit) were paired with research scientists and lived on campus in order to participate fully in scientific research. In Trial B, teachers met weekly for a 2-hour group session with activities to explicitly address the nature of science. Data included pre/post internship Views of the Nature of Science (VNOS-C) questionnaires, interviews, and videotapes of group sessions. In contrast to the minimal advances made by teachers in understanding the nature of science in the non-explicit group (Trial A), the Trial B teachers made substantial gains in understanding the nature of science. However, the Trial B teachers' perceptions of the nature of science were still ambiguous in specific aspects of the nature of science. The explicit nature of science instruction in Trail B was (1) effective in initiating positive shifts in teachers' understanding of nature of science, but (2) limited in reflection opportunities for teachers to challenge their nature of science understanding in the context of authentic science research experiences.
Queuing analysis with traffic models based on deterministic dynamical systems

Measurements of communication trac from a wide variety of sources have suggested that correlations persist in such sources over fairly long time scales. This has called into question the use of traditional trac models for the performance analysis of such networks, and has sparked an interest in studying novel kinds of trac models. In particular, a suggestion has been made to build models based on expanding deterministic dynamical systems. Deterministic dynamical systems can exhibit chaotic behavior, which has many of the features of statistical behavior, and can indeed be studied rigorously using probabilistic techniques. We make some remarks regarding the analysis of queues driven by such trac models.
Incorporating Perceived Importance of Service Elements Into Client Satisfaction Measures

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the need for incorporating perceived importance of service elements into client satisfaction measures. Method: A secondary analysis of client satisfaction data from 112 clients of an elderly case management setting was conducted. Results: This study found that the relationship between global client satisfaction and the composite of satisfaction with service elements differed significantly, depending on perceived importance of service elements. Conclusions: These results call into question the practice of simply adding or averaging scores from satisfaction items to produce global satisfaction scores without considering perceived importance of the service elements.