Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Time between the onset and diagnosis of dengue fever and related influencing factors in China].

OBJECTIVE To study the time between the onset and diagnosis of Dengue fever and its influencing factors in China. METHODS Data were obtained from the Infectious Disease Surveillance System (IDSS). Descriptive analysis was performed for the time interval while nonparametric tests and logistic regression analysis were used to study the related influencing factors. RESULTS Time interval appeared positively skewed with distribution at median of 6 days, quartile range as 4 days, while 57.8% of them were longer than five days. Data showed that patients with longer intervals among the imported cases, being elderly, cases in non-endemic season and provinces as Fujian, Yunnan and Zhejiang appeared to have had greater influences on the disease. Median of those imported cases was six days, one day longer than locally generated cases, while median of the non-epidemic month was one day more than that of the epidemic month. In Fujian and Yunnan provinces, the medians were 7 days, one day more than that from Guangdong province. The median among young people was 5 days, one day less than that of the patients older than 20 years of age. CONCLUSION Most Dengue patients did not get diagnosed early enough so it was of urgent need to enhance the sensitivity of the monitoring system, especially in epidemic regions and during non-epidemic season.
The effect of synovial tissue on the breakdown of articular cartilage in organ culture.

UNLABELLED Living (pig) cartilage in contact with synovium lost both proteoglycan and collagen and sometimes became reduced to a mass of fibroblast-like chondrocytes without matrix; dead cartilage lost proteoglycan but less collagen. Similar changes appeared in living cartilage grown at a distance from the synovium but in the same dish; dead cartilage was unaffected. CONCLUSION the synovium has a) a direct, presumably enzymatic action on cartilage matrix and b) an indirect effect mediated through the chondrocytes.
The 2.0-Å crystal structure of tachylectin 5A provides evidence for the common origin of the innate immunity and the blood coagulation systems

Because invertebrates lack an adaptive immune system, they had to evolve effective intrinsic defense strategies against a variety of microbial pathogens. This ancient form of host defense, the innate immunity, is present in all multicellular organisms including humans. The innate immune system of the Japanese horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus, serving as a model organism, includes a hemolymph coagulation system, which participates both in defense against microbes and in hemostasis. Early work on the evolution of vertebrate fibrinogen suggested a common origin of the arthropod hemolymph coagulation and the vertebrate blood coagulation systems. However, this conjecture could not be verified by comparing the structures of coagulogen, the clotting protein of the horseshoe crab, and of mammalian fibrinogen. Here we report the crystal structure of tachylectin 5A (TL5A), a nonself-recognizing lectin from the hemolymph plasma of T. tridentatus. TL5A shares not only a common fold but also related functional sites with the γ fragment of mammalian fibrinogen. Our observations provide the first structural evidence of a common ancestor for the innate immunity and the blood coagulation systems.
MPLEx: a Robust and Universal Protocol for Single-Sample Integrative Proteomic, Metabolomic, and Lipidomic Analyses

In systems biology studies, the integration of multiple omics measurements (i.e., genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics) has been shown to provide a more complete and informative view of biological pathways. Thus, the prospect of extracting different types of molecules (e.g., DNAs, RNAs, proteins, and metabolites) and performing multiple omics measurements on single samples is very attractive, but such studies are challenging due to the fact that the extraction conditions differ according to the molecule type. Here, we adapted an organic solvent-based extraction method that demonstrated broad applicability and robustness, which enabled comprehensive proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics analyses from the same sample. ABSTRACT Integrative multi-omics analyses can empower more effective investigation and complete understanding of complex biological systems. Despite recent advances in a range of omics analyses, multi-omic measurements of the same sample are still challenging and current methods have not been well evaluated in terms of reproducibility and broad applicability. Here we adapted a solvent-based method, widely applied for extracting lipids and metabolites, to add proteomics to mass spectrometry-based multi-omics measurements. The metabolite, protein, and lipid extraction (MPLEx) protocol proved to be robust and applicable to a diverse set of sample types, including cell cultures, microbial communities, and tissues. To illustrate the utility of this protocol, an integrative multi-omics analysis was performed using a lung epithelial cell line infected with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, which showed the impact of this virus on the host glycolytic pathway and also suggested a role for lipids during infection. The MPLEx method is a simple, fast, and robust protocol that can be applied for integrative multi-omic measurements from diverse sample types (e.g., environmental, in vitro, and clinical). IMPORTANCE In systems biology studies, the integration of multiple omics measurements (i.e., genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics) has been shown to provide a more complete and informative view of biological pathways. Thus, the prospect of extracting different types of molecules (e.g., DNAs, RNAs, proteins, and metabolites) and performing multiple omics measurements on single samples is very attractive, but such studies are challenging due to the fact that the extraction conditions differ according to the molecule type. Here, we adapted an organic solvent-based extraction method that demonstrated broad applicability and robustness, which enabled comprehensive proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics analyses from the same sample. Author Video: An author video summary of this article is available.
Risky vs rapid growth in infancy: refining pediatric screening for childhood overweight.

OBJECTIVES To systematically analyze growth data from infant health maintenance records to characterize infant weight gain increasing risk for childhood overweight, and to identify additional information from those records that could refine risky infant weight gain as a screening tool. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING A pediatric office in central Pennsylvania. PARTICIPANTS Children aged 6 to 8 years (n = 129) born in 2000 or later who attended health maintenance visits. MAIN EXPOSURES Risky infant weight gain was a cutoff selected after considering its sensitivity and specificity during the interval best predicting childhood overweight risk as determined with receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. We identified demographic, growth pattern, and parental feeding choice differences between at-risk infants who did and did not become overweight children. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Childhood overweight, defined as a sex- and age-specific body mass index of the 85th percentile or higher at ages 6 to 8 years according to 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. RESULTS Childhood overweight prevalence was 24.8%. At-risk infants gained at least 8.15 kg from ages 0 to 24 months. While 31.4% of at-risk infants became overweight children, 68.6% were resilient. At-risk, resilient participants had parents with more education, had lower weight gain from ages 18 to 24 months and 0 to 24 months and a smaller area under the weight-gain curve from ages 0 to 24 months, were more often exclusively breastfed for 6 months or longer, and were introduced to solid foods later than at-risk, overweight participants. CONCLUSIONS While most researchers would not recognize weight gain of 8.15 kg or more from ages 0 to 24 months as rapid growth, it was a fair screening tool for childhood overweight in our sample and had the potential to be refined using information about demographic characteristics, growth patterns, and parental feeding choices.
From Noisy Questions to Minecraft Texts: Annotation Challenges in Extreme Syntax Scenario

User-generated content presents many challenges for its automatic processing. While many of them do come from out-of-vocabulary effects, others spawn from different linguistic phenomena such as unusual syntax. In this work we present a French three-domain data set made up of question headlines from a cooking forum, game chat logs and associated forums from two popular online games (MINECRAFT & LEAGUE OF LEGENDS). We chose these domains because they encompass different degrees of lexical and syntactic compliance with canonical language. We conduct an automatic and manual evaluation of the difficulties of processing these domains for part-of-speech prediction, and introduce a pilot study to determine whether dependency analysis lends itself well to annotate these data. We also discuss the development cost of our data set.
Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis: A Review and a Report of a Rare Case

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare condition which manifests itself by an enlarged gingival tissue covering teeth to various extents. The condition may occur isolated or as part of a syndrome. This paper presents a case of 9-year-old female patient suffering from HGF with chief complaint of mouth protrusion. Cephalometric findings showed severe mandibular deficiency and vertical maxillary excess. Patient exhibited perioral muscle contraction on mouth closing. After discussing the treatment possibilities with the patient and her parents, the decision was made to wait until growth potential decreases (following the adolescent growth spurt) and to correct the problem with orthognathic surgery.
Work-related changes in peak expiratory flow among laboratory animal workers.

Laboratory animal workers are at risk of developing allergic symptoms, of which asthmatic symptoms are the most severe. The aim was to study the relationship between allergic symptoms due to working with rats and variability and changes in peak expiratory flow (PEF). Several indices were used on the basis of the amplitude of the PEF or the differences in PEF between days with and without exposure to rat aeroallergens. Of the 398 rat workers, 73% completed PEF readings on at least 9 days, of whom 208 had PEF readings on working days with and without contact with animals. The overall prevalence rate of allergic symptoms (asthmatic, eye, nose and/or skin) among rat workers during the handling of rats was 17.3%. Asthmatic symptoms were reported by 6.7%. The PEF of the workers who reported asthmatic symptoms due to working with rats decreased significantly on days working with the animals (difference between the minimum PEF averaged over working days with animals and over days without animals (deltaPEFmin-min) = -73 L x min(-1)), compared to the workers without symptoms (2.2 L x min(-1)). This effect was more pronounced among workers with a late asthmatic response, i.e. the presence of asthmatic symptoms several hours after working with rats (deltaPEFmin-min = -11.6 L x min(-1)). Multiple regression analyses showed that only those with asthmatic symptoms several hours after working with rats and those with allergic symptoms had an increased deltaPEFmin-min. In addition, workers with asthmatic symptoms were also more likely to have a higher PEF variability than workers without asthmatic symptoms. However, no difference in PEF variability between days with and without animals contact was observed. This study shows that the peak expiratory flow of workers who reported asthmatic symptoms due to working with rats decreased significantly on days working with laboratory animals.
A diagnostic test generation procedure for synchronous sequential circuits based on test elimination

We propose a procedure for generating test sequences for diagnosis of synchronous sequential circuits based on stuck-at faults. The test generation procedure avoids the conventional fault-oriented test generation by observing that a sequence to distinguish two faults can be obtained from a sequence that detects both of the faults (such as a test sequence for fault detection) by changing the sequence so as to "undetect" one of the faults. To achieve this goal, the proposed procedure eliminates parts of a test sequence for fault detection so as to render some of the faults undetected. The faults that are detected by the resulting sequence are distinguished from the faults left undetected by the sequence based on pass/fail information. A pass/fail dictionary suitable for diagnosis with the resulting test sequences is also proposed. Alternatively, a conventional dictionary can be used, and the proposed procedure can be used to change the time units or outputs where faults are detected, in order to distinguish them. We present experimental results to demonstrate the levels of resolution that can be obtained by the proposed procedure with the proposed pass/fail dictionary, and the number of sequences required for this purpose.
High speed and leakage-tolerant domino circuits for high fan-in applications in 70nm CMOS technology

This paper presents two proposed circuits that employ a footer transistor that is initially OFF in the evaluation phase to reduce leakage and then turned ON to complete the evaluation. Also a new circuit is added using a NAND gate that improves the performance more than 10% -15% compared with latter proposed circuit. According to simulations in a predictive 70 nm process, the proposed circuit increases noise immunity by more than 26X for wide OR gates and shows performance improvement of up to 20% compared to conventional domino logic circuits. The proposed circuit reduces the contention between keeper transistor and NMOS evaluation transistors at the beginning of evaluation phase. High fan-in comparators and multiplexers demonstrate high noise immunity compared with previous proposed works.
Potential immunomodulatory effects of non‐dialyzable materials of cranberry extract in poultry production

&NA; Studies on effects of cranberry products in animals, especially in chickens, are very scarce or even lacking. This study investigated the immunomodulatory effect of high molecular weight non‐dialyzable materials (NDMs) of cranberry extract. The in vitro antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities were investigated. The ability of NDMs (0, 1, 2, or 4 mg/mL) to enhance phagocytic activities was also evaluated using chicken heterophils (CHEs) against Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, a broiler model was used to determine the effect of NDMs on the humoral immune response. Seven‐d‐old chicks were vaccinated with the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccine S‐706, and treated orally with 0, 2, 4, or 8 mg/mL/bird NDMs for five consecutive days. Serum immunoglobulin level (Ig), and antibody concentration against IBDV, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and avian reovirus (ARV) were measured weekly by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). NDMs showed >five‐fold higher antioxidant activity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity = 222.7 mg trolox/g) than the commercial raw cranberry juice from which it derived (oxygen radical absorbance capacity = 39.6 mg trolox/g). Likewise, NDMs demonstrated anti‐inflammatory activities comparable to Naproxen but better than those of Ibuprofen. The susceptibility of S. aureus to phagocytosis by CHEs increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 4 mg/mL NDMs in the medium. While no intracellular bacteria were counted in CHEs after phagocytosis in the presence of 2 and 4 mg/mL NDMs, 1 mg/mL NDMs demonstrated a significant (P < 0.05) intracellular killing activity in CHEs against S. aureus compared to the untreated CHEs. Results from the in vivo studies indicated that birds receiving 2 and 4 mg/mL/bird NDMs had a higher serum IgM level (P < 0.05), and their antibody titers against IBDV tended to increase with NDMs administration (P = 0.06) on d 35. These results suggest that NDMs enhances bacterial susceptibility to immuno‐defense mechanisms, and may be useful as immunomodulators against infections.
An evaluation of the time of observation bias adjustment in the U.S. Historical Climatology Network

The U.S. Historical Climatology Network (HCN) database contains statistical adjustments that address historical changes in observation time at each observing station in the network. A paper in 2002 suggested that these adjustments cause HCN temperature trends to be “spuriously” warm relative to other datasets for the United States. To test this hypothesis, this paper evaluates the reliability of these “time of observation bias” adjustments in HCN. The results indicate that HCN station history information is reasonably complete and that the bias adjustment models have low residual errors. In short, the time of observation bias adjustments in HCN appear to be robust.
Does myocardial infarction beget atrial fibrillation and atrial fibrillation beget myocardial infarction?

Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects millions of people worldwide.1 It has been known for several decades that AF is not a benign condition; it is associated with a 5-fold increased risk of stroke, a 3-fold increased risk of heart failure, and 2-fold increased risk of dementia and death.2–4 Myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease are traditional risk factors for AF5; however, whether myocardial infarction is a consequence of AF has not yet been studied in great detail. Current treatment for AF is focused on the prevention of stroke. This is of utmost importance; however, other cardiovascular morbidities and mortality should not be overlooked. An analysis of patients originally diagnosed with idiopathic AF demonstrated that these patients frequently develop cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease.6 An analysis of Medicare data emphasized the importance of cardiovascular events beyond stroke such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, and death in older adults with AF.7 Article see p 1843 In the current issue of Circulation , Soliman et al8 describe the association of AF with myocardial infarction. Similar findings in 2 other cohorts by the same lead author have been published in the last few months.9,10 First, the analysis of 23 928 US residents without coronary heart disease included in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in …
The Prevalence of Perioperative Visual Loss in the United States: A 10-Year Study from 1996 to 2005 of Spinal, Orthopedic, Cardiac, and General Surgery

BACKGROUND: Perioperative visual loss (POVL) accompanying nonocular surgery is a rare and potentially devastating complication but its frequency in commonly performed inpatient surgery is not well defined. We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample to estimate the rate of POVL in the United States among the eight most common nonocular surgeries. METHODS: More than 5.6 million patients in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample who underwent principal procedures of knee arthroplasty, cholecystectomy, hip/femur surgical treatment, spinal fusion, appendectomy, colorectal resection, laminectomy without fusion, coronary artery bypass grafting, and cardiac valve procedures from 1996 to 2005 were included. Rates of POVL, defined as any discharge with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code of ischemic optic neuropathy (ION), cortical blindness (CB), or retinal vascular occlusion (RVO), were estimated. Potential risk factors were assessed by univariate and multivariable analyses. RESULTS: Cardiac and spinal fusion surgery had the highest rates of POVL. The national estimate in cardiac surgery was 8.64/10,000 and 3.09/10,000 in spinal fusion. By contrast, POVL after appendectomy was 0.12/10,000. Those undergoing cardiac surgery, spinal fusion, and orthopedic surgery had a significantly increased risk of developing ION, RVO, or CB. Patients younger than 18 yr had the highest risk for POVL, because of higher risk for CB, whereas those older than 50 yr were at greater risk of developing ION and RVO. Other significant positive predictors for some diagnoses of POVL were male gender, Charlson comorbidity index, anemia, and blood transfusion. There was no increased risk associated with hospital surgical volume. During the 10 yr from 1996 to 2005, there was an overall decrease in POVL in the procedures we studied. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm the clinical suspicion that the risk of POVL is higher in cardiac and spine fusion surgery and show for the first time a higher risk of this complication in patients undergoing lower extremity joint replacement surgery. The prevalence of POVL in the eight most commonly performed surgical operations in the United States has decreased between 1996 and 2005. Increased odds of POVL with male gender and comorbidity index indicate that some risk factors for POVL may not presently be modifiable. The conclusions of this study are limited by factors affecting data accuracy, such as lack of data on the intraoperative course and inability to confirm the diagnostic coding of any of the discharges in the database.
Using deep multiple instance learning for action recognition in still images

Recognizing actions from still images just by analyzing human appearance is a changeling computer vision problem. In this problem, objects in the scene and scene itself can help to improve recognition. In this paper we propose to extract object like windows from still images and use this possible object areas with Multiple Instance Learning framework to learn automated object recognition task. It is important to incorporate Multiple Instance Learning with Deep learning methods which are very successful at classifying images, for leveraging semi (weakly) supervised human action recognition task. Proposed method is evaluated with Stanford 40, the important benchmark in still image action dataset, and the result showed that multiple instance learning method improved the accuracy of deep learning methods.
A Method of Moments Estimator of Tail Dependence

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