Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Efficiency of Different Extraction Methods on Antioxidants of Maltease Orange Peel

The effect of conventional solvent extraction, CSE, ultrasound assisted extraction, UAE, microwave assisted extraction, MAE and supercritical CO2 extraction, SC-CO2 on the total phenols content, total flavonoids, individual flavonoids and antioxidant activity of orange peel were compared. Neohesperidin (from 0.624 ± 0.013 for SC-CO2 extraction to 1.045 ± 0.001 g100 g orange peel powder for MAE) and hesperidin (from 0.407 ± 0.008 for SC-CO2 extraction to 0.836 ± 0.029 g/100 g orange peel powder for UAE) are the major flavonoids (80% of total flavonoids by MAE and 87% by CSE) of orange peel whatever the used extraction method. The method giving the highest total phenol and flavonoid contents is microwave assisted extraction (2.363 ± 0.014 g GAE/100g orange peel powder), followed by ultrasound assisted extraction, conventional solvent extraction, and supercritical CO2 extraction. However, antioxidant activity (DPPH method) cannot be correlated to TPC, TFC or individual flavonoids. Orange peel extracted by CSE (ethanol (80%), m/v: 5 g:50 ml, 30 min, 35°C, mechanical stirring at darkness, 3 successive extractions) presents the higher radical scavenging capacity compared to the other extracts obtained by MAE (Ethanol (80%), m/v: 5 g: 50 ml, 10s, 35°C, 170 W, 3 successive extractions) and UAE (ethanol (80%), m/v: 5g:50 ml, 30 min, 35°C, magnetic stirring at darkness, 3 successive extractions, 125W), SC-CO2 extraction (ethanol (80%), m/v:5 g:50 ml, 30 min, 35°C, 22 MPa, 3 successive extractions). Besides, no additivity on the antioxidant activity is found with the DPPH method. *Corresponding author: Nourhene Boudhrioua, UR11ES44, Ecophysiology and Agri Processes, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, BP-66, 2020 Ariana-Tunis, Tunisie, Tel: +216-71-537040; E-mail: nourhene.boudhrioua@gmail.com Received Date: February 22, 2016 Accepted Date: May 23, 2016 Published Date: May 30, 2016
Evaluation of Serum Lactate, Central Venous Saturation, and Venous-Arterial Carbon Dioxide Difference in the Prediction of Mortality in Postcardiac Arrest Syndrome

Introduction: Tissue hypoperfusion and hypoxia markers predict mortality in critically ill patients. This study evaluates the ability of serum lactate, central venous oxygen saturation (Scvo 2), and venous-arterial carbon dioxide difference (GapCo 2) to predict mortality in patients with postcardiac arrest (post-CA) syndrome. Methods: A prospective observational study of patients with post-CA in a tertiary teaching hospital. Serial assessments of lactate, lactate clearance (Clac), GapCo 2, and Scvo 2 in the first 72 hours post-CA were analyzed. Adults (≥18 years) patients resuscitated from CA were included. The primary end point was 28-day mortality and secondary end points were 24- and 72-hour mortality. Results: A total of 54 patients were recruited, 33 (61,1%) of 54 were men, with a 28-day mortality of 75.9%. Cardiac arrest occurred in-hospital in 84.6% of survivors and 97.5% of nonsurvivors. Lactate and Clac were significantly associated with mortality at 28 days, yielding an area under the receiver–operating characteristic curve of 0.797 (lactate 6 hours) and 0.717 (Clac 6 hours) with a positive predictive value of 96% for lactate 6 hours (> 2.5 mmol/L) and 89.5% for Clac 6 hours (<50%). Survival analysis confirmed the difference between the groups from the 24th hour post-CA. Considering mortality at 24 hours, lactate, Clac, and Scvo 2 (immediately post-CA, 6 and 18 hours) were different between the groups. In mortality at 72 hours, lactate, Clac, Scvo 2 (48 hours), and GapCo 2 (36 and 48 hours) were associated with mortality. Conclusion: In post-CA syndrome, serum lactate and Clac were consistently able to predict mortality.
Semantic evaluation from left to right

This paper describes attribute grammars and their use for the definition of programming languages and compilers; a formal definition of attribute grammars and a discussion of some of its important aspects are included. The paper concentrates on the evaluation of semantic attributes in a few passes from left to right over the derivation tree of a program. A condition for an attribute grammar is given which assures that the semantics of any program can be evaluated in a single pass over the derivation tree, and an algorithm is discussed which decides how many passes from left to right are in general necessary, given the attribute grammar. These notions are explained in terms of an example grammar which describes the scope rules of Algol 60. Practical questions, such as the relative efficiency of different evaluation schemes, and the ease of adapting the attribute grammar of a given programming language to the left-to-right evaluation scheme are discussed.
Human insulin/IGF-1 and familial longevity at middle age

Recently, we have shown that compared to controls, long-lived familial nonagenarians (mean age: 93.4 years) from the Leiden Longevity Study displayed a lower mortality rate, and their middle-aged offspring displayed a lower prevalence of cardio-metabolic diseases, including diabetes mellitus. The evolutionarily conserved insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) pathway has been implicated in longevity in model organisms, but its relevance for human longevity has generated much controversy. Here, we show that compared to their partners, the offspring of familial nonagenarians displayed similar non-fasted serum levels of IGF-1, IGFBP3 and insulin but lower non-fasted serum levels of glucose, indicating that familial longevity is associated with differences in insulin sensitivity.
Why Rural Elders Drive Against Advice

The purpose of this study was to describe the reasons rural elders continue to drive against the advice of health professionals, family, or friends. Interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 45 older adults living in isolated communities with populations ranging from 225 to 8,700 residents. Findings suggest that declining health was the primary reason the participants were advised to stop driving. They refused to do so because they did not believe they were unsafe, valued their independence, and feared isolation if they could not drive. Significant reassurance that they would not be forgotten would be required for them to stop driving.
Algorithmic motion planning in robotics

A survey is presented of an approach to motion planning that emphasizes object-oriented, exact, and discrete (or combinatorial) algorithmic techniques in which worst-case asymptotically efficient solutions are being sought. Following a statement of the problem, motion planning in static and known environments is treated. The discussion covers general solutions, lower bounds, the projection method, the retraction method, the expanded obstacles, the single-component approach, and a mobile convex object moving in a 2D polygonal space. Variants of the motion-planning problem are then considered, namely, optimal motion planning, adaptive and exploratory motion planning, motion planning in the presence of moving obstacles, constrained motion planning, motion planning with uncertainty, and general task planning. <<ETX>>
SCREENING OF THE ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF EIGHT VOLATILE ESSENTIAL OILS

The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of eight essential oils. The methods used were agar diffusion (well and disc diffusion techniques) and microatmosphere methods. All oils showed antibacterial and particularly high antifungal activity against tested strains. Rezumat Scopul acestui studiu a fost de a investiga acţiunea antibacteriană si antifungică a opt uleiuri esenţiale. Metodele utilizate au fost metoda difuziei pe agar (tehnicile cu godeuri si discuri) precum si metoda microatmosferei. Toate uleiurile testate au demonstrat o bună activitate antibacteriană si mai ales antifungică faţă de tulpinile testate.
Being backed up: accounts by adolescent Bangladeshi boys, of growing up in the East End of London

The present study explores how Bangladeshi adolescent boys describe and represent their experiences growing up in contemporary Britain today. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine adolescent Bangladeshi boys living in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. These qualitative data in the form of interview transcripts were analysed using Grounded Theory methodology. The analysis demonstrated how the notion of reciprocal support (‘back-up’) is a central part of the participant boys’ experiences growing up in east London in 2002. These findings are discussed in relation to other literature and the provision of services for black and ethnic minority adolescents.
3-D Integration of Robot Vision and Laser Data With Semiautomatic Calibration in Augmented Reality Stereoscopic Visual Interface

This paper proposes an augmented reality visualization interface to simultaneously present visual and laser sensors information further enhanced by stereoscopic viewing and 3-D graphics. The use of graphic elements is proposed to represent laser measurements that are aligned to video information in 3-D space. This methodology enables an operator to intuitively comprehend scene layout and proximity information and so to respond in an accurate and timely manner. The use of graphic elements to assist teleoperation, sometime discussed in the literature, is here proposed following an innovative approach that aligns virtual and real objects in 3-D space and color them suitably to facilitate comprehension of objects proximity during navigation. This paper is developed based on authors' previous experience on stereoscopic teleoperation. The approach is experimented on a real telerobotic system, where a user operates a mobile robot located several kilometers apart. The result showed simplicity and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
DAMPAK PERUBAHAN STATUS RUMAH SAKIT UMUMDAERAH (RSUD) TERHADAP KUALITAS PELAYANAN(Studi di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kabupaten Karanganyar)

SULARTI YULI AMINTASIH. DAMPAK PERUBAHAN STATUS RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH (RSUD) TERHADAP KUALITAS PELAYANAN (Studi di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kabupaten Karanganyar). Jurusan Ilmu Administrasi. Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik. Universitas Sebelas Maret. 2010. Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2004 tentang Pemerintah Daerah mendorong pemerintah untuk mengeluarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 23 Tahun 2005 tentang Pengelolaan Keuangan Badan Layanan Umum (BLU). Peraturan ini dimaksudkan untuk memangkas ketidakefisien pengambilan keputusan dalam organisasi publik. Peraturan Pemerintah mengenai BLU tersebut menjadi alasan utama organisasi publik di Indonesia termasuk Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) Kabupaten Karanganyar untuk merubah status dari Badan Umum Milik Daerah (BUMD) menjadi Badan Layanan Umum Daerah (BLUD). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui dampak perubahan status RSUD Kabupaten Karanganyar terhadap kualitas pelayanan. Teknik penentuan informan dilakukan menggunakan teknik snowball sampling, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Analisa data dilakukan menggunakan teknik analisis interaktif, dan validitas data menggunakan triangulasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan di RSUD Karanganyar dinilai dari tiga indikator yaitu prosedur pelayanan, kemampuan petugas, dan fasilitas pelayanan pada saat berstatus sebagai BUMD dan BLUD tidak menunjukkan perubahan yang berarti. Prosedur pelayanan masih sederhana, persyaratan mudah dan biaya pelayanan murah dan terjangkau oleh masyarakat. Pada indikator kemampuan petugas walaupun ada peningkatan, masih ditemui petugas yang kurang disiplin, kurang cepat dalam pelayanan dan kurang ramah. Kenyamanan fasilitas pelayanan sudah dilengkapi dengan komputer dan intranet (termasuk billing system), tetapi aspek kenyamanan fasilitas ini masih menjadi keluhan oleh sebagian pengunjung. Dengan kata lain, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perubahan status BUMD menjadi BLUD pada RSUD Kabupaten Karanganyar tidak menunjukkan dampak yang signifikan terhadap kualitas pelayanan.
An investigation into the role of gesture in enhancing children's vocabulary command

The primary aim of the current study was to explore whether non-linguistic conventions, especially gesture, have a significant impact on children's vocabulary learning. Fifty male and female Iranian children aged between 3 and 6 years of age (mean age = 3.5) from two classes of a language institute were taught a set of lexical items using two different teaching procedures: one employing linguistic conventions only, without gesture, and the other through a combination of linguistic and non-linguistic approaches. The data analysis revealed that non-linguistic conventions, including gesture, significantly influence children's learning of vocabulary items. The study contributes to the literature examining vocabulary and gesture and may inform early years practitioners' approaches to vocabulary teaching.
Inhibition of Oral Cancer Growth in Vitro Is Modulated Through Differential Signaling Pathways by Over-the-Counter Proanthocyanidin Supplements

ABSTRACT. Background: Approximately 30,000 people are diagnosed with oral cancer annually in the United States. Recent evidence suggests that nutrition may play a more complex role in the prevention of oral cancers than previously believed. Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are a class of compounds found in normal dietary foods that exhibit chemopreventive properties and chemotherapeutic potential. Recently preliminary evidence suggests that PACs inhibit the proliferation of oral cancer cell lines. The primary goal of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for previous observations that grape seed-derived PACs significantly inhibited oral cancer proliferation. Methods: Using the well-characterized oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, CAL27 and SCC25, as well as nontumorigenic cell lines, a series of in vitro assays was performed to quantify the temporal and dose-specific growth inhibitory properties of PAC on oral cancers. In addition, quantitative analysis of mRNA from key intracellular signaling pathway molecules, involved in both cell-cycle control and apoptosis, were analyzed using Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Results: This study found that oral cancer proliferation was inhibited by 24 hours in the PAC concentration range of 50–70 μg/mL with concomitant decreases in mRNA expression of specific cell-cycle regulators, and increases in the expression of apoptosis-specific molecules, such as caspase-2 and caspase-8. Conclusion: These results may represent the first demonstration of simultaneous, temporal inhibition of cell-cycle signaling pathways with the activation of specific apoptosis-related signaling pathways within oral cancers in response to PAC, lending further support to the concept that PACs may be promising candidates for adjuvant or complementary therapies for oral cancer patients.
The Anaerobic Ribonucleotide Reductase from Lactococcus lactis

Deoxyribonucleotide synthesis by anaerobic class III ribonucleotide reductases requires two proteins, NrdD and NrdG. NrdD contains catalytic and allosteric sites and, in its active form, a stable glycyl radical. This radical is generated by NrdG with its [4Fe-4S]+ cluster andS-adenosylmethionine. We now find that NrdD and NrdG fromLactobacillus lactis anaerobically form a tight α2β2 complex, suggesting that radical generation by NrdG and radical transfer to the specific glycine residue of NrdD occurs within the complex. Activated NrdD was separated from NrdG by anaerobic affinity chromatography on dATP-Sepharose without loss of its glycyl radical. NrdD alone then catalyzed the reduction of CTP with formate as the electron donor and ATP as the allosteric effector. The reaction required Mg2+ and was stimulated by K+ but not by dithiothreitol. Thus NrdD is the actual reductase, and NrdG is an activase, making class III reductases highly similar to pyruvate formate lyase and its activase and suggesting a common root for the two anaerobic enzymes during early evolution. Our results further support the contention that ribonucleotide reduction during transition from an RNA world to a DNA world started with a class III-like enzyme from which other reductases evolved when oxygen appeared on earth.
Marital status and well-being : a comparison of widowed, divorced, and married mothers in Israel

This paper addresses itself to three main questions: (a) To what extent does single-parenthood enable a quality of life characterized by a sense of personal well-being? (b) What are the main components of well-beinifor single mothers? (c) Which back- ground factors facilitate well- emg In smgle mothers? In order to answer these questions a Depression Adjective Check-List (Lubin, 1965) was administered to a representatwe sample of 142 widows and 120 divorcies who had been single for a minimum of four ears and who each had at least one minor child. The main fin '7 ings: (a) measures of well-being were lower for single mothers than for married mothers; (b) there were negative, but also some positive com onents of well-being: a growing sense of loneliness, of mate- rial ardship, of anxiety about parental responsibilities, on the one hand, and a sense of occupational growth, on the other hand; (c) the background factors which affect well-being were properties such as schooling, earnings, and health as well as .
Positive Selection of Cd4+ T Cells Is Induced in Vivo by Agonist and Inhibited by Antagonist Peptides

The nature of peptides that positively select T cells in the thymus remains poorly defined. Here we report an in vivo model to study the mechanisms of positive selection of CD4+ T cells. We have restored positive selection of TCR transgenic CD4+ thymocytes, arrested at the CD4+CD8+ stage, due to the lack of the endogenously selecting peptide(s), in mice deficient for H2-M and invariant chain. A single injection of soluble agonist peptide(s) initiated positive selection of CD4+ transgenic T cells that lasted for up to 14 days. Positively selected CD4+ T cells repopulated peripheral lymphoid organs and could respond to the antigenic peptide. Furthermore, coinjection of the antagonist peptide significantly inhibited agonist-driven positive selection. Hence, contrary to the prevailing view, positive selection of CD4+ thymocytes can be induced in vivo by agonist peptides and may be a result of accumulation of signals from TCR engaged by different peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. We have also identified a candidate natural agonist peptide that induces positive selection of CD4+ TCR transgenic thymocytes.
A Unified Model for Soft Linguistic Reordering Constraints in Statistical Machine Translation

This paper explores a simple and effective unified framework for incorporating soft linguistic reordering constraints into a hierarchical phrase-based translation system: 1) a syntactic reordering model that explores reorderings for context free grammar rules; and 2) a semantic reordering model that focuses on the reordering of predicate-argument structures. We develop novel features based on both models and use them as soft constraints to guide the translation process. Experiments on Chinese-English translation show that the reordering approach can significantly improve a state-of-the-art hierarchical phrase-based translation system. However, the gain achieved by the semantic reordering model is limited in the presence of the syntactic reordering model, and we therefore provide a detailed analysis of the behavior differences between the two.
A Child's Work: The Importance of Fantasy Play

In A Child's Work, innovative and widely respected educator Vivian Gussin Paley offers a manifesto against the decline of children's creative time, making the case for the critical role of fantasy play in the psychological, intellectual, and social development of young children. Paley speaks from firsthand experience about the limitless growth of young children who are allowed the time for fantasy play as she enters classrooms around the globe to explore the stunningly original language of these children in their role-playing and storytelling. Drawing from their own words, Paley examines the developing logic and learning that allow children to construct meaning in their worlds, meaning that is crucial to their adult lives. Proof that play is the work of children, this compelling and enchanting book will inspire and instruct teachers and parents as well as point to a fundamental misdirection in today's educational programs and strategies.
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Mediate the Suppressive Effect of an Injection of Diluted Bee Venom into the GV3 Acupoint on Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathic Cold Allodynia in Rats.

Oxaliplatin, a platinum-based chemotherapy drug, often induces acute neuropathic pain, especially cold allodynia, even after a single administration. Subcutaneous injection of diluted bee venom (BV) into acupoints has been used to treat various pain symptoms in traditional oriental medicine. Although we previously demonstrated the suppressive effect of BV injection on oxaliplatin-induced cold allodynia in rats, its neurochemical mechanism remained unclear. This study investigates whether and how the cholinergic system mediates the relieving effect of BV injection on cold allodynia in oxaliplatin-administered rats. The behavioral signs of cold allodynia induced by an oxaliplatin administration (6 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)) were evaluated by a tail immersion test in cold water (4°C). BV (0.25 mg/kg, subcutaneously (s.c.)) injection into the Yaoyangguan acupoint, located between the spinous processes of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae, significantly alleviated the cold allodynia. This relieving effect of BV injection on oxaliplatin-induced cold allodynia was blocked by a pretreatment with mecamylamine (a non-selective nicotinic receptor antagonist, 2 mg/kg, i.p.), but not by atropine (a non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist, 1 mg/kg, i.p.). Further, dihydro-β-erythroidinehydrobromide (DHβE, an α4β2 nicotinic antagonist, 5 mg/kg, i.p.) prevented the anti-allodynic effect of BV, whereas methyllycaconitine (an α7 nicotinic antagonist, 6 mg/kg, i.p.) did not. Finally, intrathecal administration of DHβE (10 nM) blocked the BV-induced anti-allodynic effect. These results suggest that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, especially spinal α4β2 receptors, but not muscarinic receptors, mediate the suppressive effect of BV injection on oxaliplatin-induced acute cold allodynia in rats.
The Push to Popularize Politics

This study offers a five-item based measurement of popularization of news (combining sensationalization, scandalization, emotionalization, common people narrative and privatization of public figures) to examine a core assumption in the comparative literature, namely the convergence in Western journalism toward the Liberal Model. A content analysis of more than 6000 stories from 18 news outlets (regional, national and weekly papers) in six press systems (United States, Great Britain, Germany, Switzerland, France and Italy) stretching across five decades (1960s to 2010s) finds an increase but no convergence in the popularization of political news. Factors located at the national and the organizational levels correspond in characteristic ways with differences in the use of popularization-related strategies. With the growing need to offer additional attractions to oversaturated consumers, further increases in popularized political news are to be expected in the future but only according to specific conditions.