Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation of Ureaplasma diversum and mycoplasmas from genital tracts of beef and dairy cattle in Saskatchewan.

We report herein a survey in which cultures of bovine reproductive tracts for Ureaplasma diversum and mycoplasmas were carried out in order to better understand the role of these organisms in granular vulvitis (GV). Samples cultured were vulvar swabs from clinically normal cows or ones with GV, preputial swabs or raw semen from bulls, and abomasal contents of aborted fetuses.Ureaplasma diversum was isolated from 104 (43.3%) of 240 dairy cows, 32 (27.1%) of 118 beef cows, 43 (47.2%) of 91 beef heifers, 23 (67.6%) of 34 beef bulls, and three (60%) of five dairy bulls. Mycoplasmas were isolated from 18 (7.5%) dairy cows, two (1.6%) beef cows, three (8.8%) beef bulls, and one dairy bull. No isolation was made from 97 aborted fetuses. For 65 dairy cows and 30 beef heifers with vulvar lesions, the isolation rates for ureaplasmas of 62.5% and 69.7%, respectively, were significantly higher (X(2)) than those for normal animals (37.5% and 30.3%). On immunofluorescent serotyping of 137 of the 205 isolates, there were 66 in serogroup C (strain T44), 18 in serogroup B (strain D48), eight in serogroup A (strain A417 or strain 2312), 14 cross-reacting, and 31 that were not identified. It was concluded that U. diversum is commonly present in the lower reproductive tract of beef/dairy cattle in Saskatchewan and is associated with granular vulvitis.
Accurate electromagnetic simulation and measurement of millimeter-wave inductors in bulk CMOS technology

In radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) that use a low resistivity silicon substrate, spiral inductors show advantages in performance and size with respect to transmission lines, even at millimeter-waves (mm-waves). Design guidelines to create mm-wave inductors and equivalent circuit models describing them exist in literature. However, these models need to be parametrized either from test-structure measurement or electromagnetic (EM) simulations. This paper complements previous work by discussing problems that arise when trying to accurately determine the spiral's parameters as inductance and quality factor. Firstly, it provides guidelines for obtaining accurate and consistent results using different kinds of EM simulators. Secondly, the issue of accurately measuring the fabricated inductors by de-embedding test structure parasitics is discussed. The results obtained from measurements are compared to the simulation results of an inductor test structure, confirming the validity of the considerations before.
Internet optometry: assessing the broken glasses in internet reachability

Reachability is thought of as the most basic service provided by today's Internet. Unfortunately, this does not imply that the community has a deep understanding of it. Researchers and operators rely on two views of reachability: control/routing- and data-plane measurements, but both types of measurements suffer from biases and limitations. In this paper, we illustrate some of these biases, and show how to design controlled experiments which allow us to "see" through the limitations of previous measurement techniques. For example, we discover the extent of default routing and its impact on reachability. This explains some of the previous unexpected results from studies that compared control- and data-plane measurements. However, not all limitations of visibility given by routing and probing tools can be compensated for by methodological improvements. We will show in this paper, that some of the limitations can be carefully addressed when designing an experiment, e.g. not seeing the reverse path taken by a probe can be partly compensated for by our methodology, called dual probing. However, compensating for other biases through more measurements may not always be possible. Therefore, calibration of expectations and checks of assumptions are critical when conducting measurements that aim at making conclusions about topological properties of the Internet.
A Vine Copula Model for Predicting the Effectiveness of Cyber Defense Early-Warning

abstract Internet-based computer information systems play critical roles in many aspects of modern society. However, these systems are constantly under cyber attacks that can cause catastrophic consequences. To defend these systems effectively, it is necessary to measure and predict the effectiveness of cyber defense mechanisms. In this article, we investigate how to measure and predict the effectiveness of an important cyber defense mechanism that is known as early-warning. This turns out to be a challenging problem because we must accommodate the dependence among certain four-dimensional time series. In the course of using a dataset to demonstrate the prediction methodology, we discovered a new nonexchangeable and rotationally symmetric dependence structure, which may be of independent value. We propose a new vine copula model to accommodate the newly discovered dependence structure, and show that the new model can predict the effectiveness of early-warning more accurately than the others. We also discuss how to use the prediction methodology in practice.
Trauma Center Designation

The movement towards trauma care regionalization in Quebec was initiated in 1990, with formal designation of three level I trauma centers in 1993. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of trauma center designation on mortality. The study design is that of a two-cohort study, one assembled during 1987 when designation was not in effect, and the other during the first 5 months of designation. The study focuses on patients that fulfilled the following criteria : i) arrived alive at the hospital, and ii) were admitted. The outcome measures are adjusted mortality, and excess mortality as measured by the TRISS methodology. A total of 158 patients treated in 1987, and 288 treated in 1993, were identified. The mean age of the patients treated in 1993 was significantly higher (40.0, ± 18.1), when compared with the 1987 group (30.9 ± 18.1 ; p < 0.001). Patients in the 1987 cohort had a significantly higher proportion of injuries caused by stabbing (p = 0.02), and a significantly lower proportion caused by falls (p = 0.003). The 1987 cohort had a higher rate of abdominal injuries (p = 0.0001), and external injuries (p = 0.0001), and a significantly lower rate of head or neck injuries (p = 0.003), and injuries to the extremities (p = 0.0001). The mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) for the 1987 cohort was 14.96 (± 12.36), and 15.49 (± 11.61) in 1993 (p = 0.65). The crude mortality rate was 20% for 1987, and 10% for 1993. The crude odds ratio for mortality in 1987 was 2.10 with 95% confidence intervals between 1.22 and 3.62 (p = 0.006). The ISS-based z scores for these two cohorts were 3.62 (p = 0.0002), and 0.68 (p = 0.49) respectively. The Standardized Mortality Rates (95% confidence intervals) were 1.64 (1.10-2.53) for 1987, and 1.11 (0.75-1.59) for 1993, indicating a statistically significant reduction in excess mortality (p < 0.05). Multiple Logistic Regression, adjusting for patient age, ISS, body regions injured, and mechanism of injury, showed a significantly higher mortality risk for the 1987 cohort (relative odds = 3.25, p = 0.009). These data show that the process of trauma center designation has significantly improved the survival of the patients treated in these facilities. This is likely due to increased surgical staffing, nursing support, and availability of the required high level technology at the designated hospitals.
COLLABORATE TO INNOVATE How Business Ecosystems Unleash Business Value

BAE SYSTEMS is a registered trademark of BAE SYSTEMS plc The Caterpillar Inc. logo is a registered trademark of Caterpillar Inc. and is used under licence The IBM logo is a registered trademark of IBM Corp. and is used under licence The Pearson logo is a registered trademark of Pearson and is used under licence The Cambridge Service Alliance is a unique global partnership between businesses and universities. It brings together the world's leading firms and academics, all of whom are devoted to delivering today the tools, education and insights needed for the complex service solutions of tomorrow. Service Alliance brings together world-leading organisations with an interest in complex service systems to: • Conduct insightful, yet practical research to improve the design and deployment of high-performance complex service systems. • Create and develop industrially applicable tools and techniques that deliver competitive advantage. • Provide an unparalleled network of academics and industrialists that share experience, knowledge and insight in how better to design and deploy high-performance complex service systems. • Develop and deliver public and member-only education programmes to raise the skill levels of organisations. The Cambridge Service Alliance is a business-led alliance with industrial members who have an active interest in the shift to services. The industrial members are The Cambridge Service Alliance will bring together up to six further companies prepared to make significant and long-term contributions to support the Alliance. Benefits of joining include: • Challenging yet practical insights into the design and delivery of high-performance complex service solutions. • Practical tools, techniques and methodologies. • Education and training to enhance capabilities in service and support. • A stimulating international network of the world's best talent engaged in solving problems associated with complex service solutions. The Alliance draws on members from across the University of Cambridge, initially from the Institute for Manufacturing and the Judge Business School. Internationally leading researchers and educators will be invited to join the Cambridge Service Alliance to meet specific research requirements and the needs of industrial members. Executive Summary T he world is a complex place. Firms in the private sector compete in increasingly competitive markets, with more exacting solution-driven customers. Public sector organisations juggle a greater demand for services, with fewer resources. Society as a whole faces climate change, resource shortages, the pressures of population growth, and demographic change. No wonder corporate executives, emerging entrepreneurs, and public sector leaders lie awake at …
Bank Capital and Self-Interested Managers: Evidence from Indonesia

The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between capital ratios, the cost of intermediation and risk taking in banking by considering the presence of self-interested managers. To our knowledge such problems have never been taken into consideration in the empirical literature on the link between bank capital and risk. Using a simultaneous equations model applied to monthly data over the 2004-2007 period for 99 Indonesian commercial banks, we find that a higher capital ratio is associated with an increase in the cost of intermediation and a decrease in risk and profitability. Hence, there is a strong presumption that managers might be driving banks to become safer but less profitable since more risky but also more profitable loans could be bypassed. Moreover, our results show that domestic private-owned banks are more likely to suffer from a managerial self-interest problem than state-owned banks, joint-venture banks, and foreign-owned banks. Our findings support the call for the implementation of the ownership consolidation policy to enhance shareholders' domination in Indonesian banks, notably in private-owned banks.
Sun Protection and the Development of Melanocytic Nevi in Children

Childhood sun exposure causes nevi (and melanoma), but there is little evidence regarding the effectiveness of sun protection strategies on the number of nevi. We previously found that boys but not girls receiving a school-based sun protection program had fewer nevi on their backs than controls. Here, we investigated whether specific program components (encouraging children to stay indoors in the middle of the day during summer, to wear clothing while outdoors, and to use sunscreen) were associated with fewer nevi. An observational analysis was done on data from a sun protection trial in 1,623 children in Perth, Australia. The outcome was number of nevi on the back 6 years after baseline, when the children were 12 years old. Information on sun protection was obtained by questionnaires 4 and 6 years after baseline. The data were analyzed by mixed-effects linear regression. The time spent outdoors between 11 a.m. and 2 p.m. and the proportion of total time outdoors that was between these hours were positively associated with number of nevi. Ratios of mean counts for doubling the respective measures were 1.09 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.05-1.12] and 1.10 (95% CI, 1.05-1.14). Children whose backs were covered <70% of the time while outdoors had 1.53 (95% CI, 1.34-1.75) times more nevi than children whose backs were always covered. Using sunscreen on the back when it was uncovered was not associated with number of nevi (P = 0.59). Children who stayed indoors in the middle of the day and wore clothing while outdoors had fewer nevi. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005;14(12):2873–6)
Murine Small Intestine Selective Survival of Eosinophils in the -Chain-Dependent Signals Confer g Common

Eosinophils are potent effector cells that are recruited to sites of inﬂammation. However, in some tissues, in particular in the gastrointestinal tract, eosinophils constitute an abundant leukocyte population also under homeostatic conditions. The lack of suitable isolation protocols restricted the analysis of these cells to histological assessment of cell numbers while important aspects of their phenotype, turnover, and functions remain unresolved. In this study, we report a protocol that allows the quantitative isolation of intestinal eosinophils. We characterized small intestinal eosinophils by ﬂow cytometry as SSC high CD11b (cid:2) CD11c (cid:2) CCR3 (cid:2) Siglec-F (cid:2) cells. Intestinal eosinophils resembled eosinophils isolated from thymus and uterus but differed from eosinophils isolated from lung or blood. Eosinophils in intestine, thymus, and uterus showed in vivo a markedly higher life time compared with eosinophils present in lung and blood measured by incorporation of BrdU. This indicates that under steady-state conditions homeostasis of eosinophils is controlled by regulation of cell survival. Intestinal eosinophils are severely reduced in the intestines of Rag-2/common (cid:1) -chain double-deﬁcient mice but not Rag-2-deﬁcient mice, correlating with differential expression of GM-CSF and CCL11 in both mouse strains. Moreover, under steady-state conditions, intestinal eosinophils constitutively express high levels of the common (cid:1) -chain transcripts compared with lung eosinophils as well as eosinophils present under inﬂammatory conditions. These observations reveal a hitherto unrecognized diversity in phenotypic and functional
The effects of ochratoxin/aluminosilicate interaction on the tissues and humoral immune response of broilers

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary ochratoxin, in the presence or absence of aluminosilicate, on the histology of the bursa of Fabricius, liver and kidneys, and on the humoral immune response of broilers vaccinated against Newcastle disease virus. The exposure of birds to 2 p.p.m. ochratoxin, in the presence or absence of aluminosilicate, reduced their humoral immune response and the number of mitotic cells in the bursa. The relative weight of the livers of the birds exposed to this toxin was increased and, microscopically, there was hepatocyte vacuolation and megalocytosis with accompanying hyperplasia of the biliary epithelium. The kidneys showed hypertrophy of the renal proximal tubular epithelium, with thickening of the glomerular basement membrane. Aluminosilicate did not ameliorate the deleterious effects of the ochratoxin.
El desarrollo y el aprendizaje del razonamiento causal: análisis de una tensión aparente

Like other cognitive skills, the ability to reason causally changes during the course of development from early childhood to adulthood. There is, however, no agreement about how its development occurs. In this paper we propose a theoretical analysis to understand this process, namely, the idea that causal reasoning is a domain-general ability that is gradually enriched by the refinement of metacognitive skills, which allows reasoning independently from the immediate context. This proposal is based on the analysis of evidence of causal reasoning in young children, as well as evidence of integration of these skills during early adolescence with processes of argumentation and explanation. The paper also points out some methodological differences in studies with children and adolescents.
Quantitative imaging of nonlinear shear modulus by combining static elastography and shear wave elastography

The study of new tissue mechanical properties such as shear nonlinearity could lead to better tissue characterization and clinical diagnosis. This work proposes a method combining static elastography and shear wave elastography to derive the nonlinear shear modulus by applying the acoustoelasticity theory in quasi-incompressible soft solids. Results demonstrate that by applying a moderate static stress at the surface of the investigated medium, and by following the quantitative evolution of its shear modulus, it is possible to accurately and quantitatively recover the local Landau (A) coefficient characterizing the shear nonlinearity of soft tissues.
Rape Trauma, the State, and the Art of Tracey Emin

Prosecutors use “rape trauma syndrome” evidence at rape trials to explain victims’ “counterintuitive” behaviors and demeanors, such as their late reporting, rape denials, returning to the scenes of their attacks, and lack of emotional affect. Courts and experts, in instructions and testimony, usually describe victim reticence as a product of “shame” or “trauma. ” Feminist critics of R.T. S. evidence posit that the syndrome’s profile is based on incomplete evidence, because most rapes are unreported. Furthermore, they object to its condescending, sexist, and colonial construction of rape victims and their emotions. In this Article, I respond to feminist critics by studying the work of Tracey Emin. Emin is a British-Turkish artist who suffered an unreported rape at the age of 13, and who has been commenting on that rape through her art ever since. Expanding and innovating upon the work of law and humanities scholars, I apply the insights found in art – or, what I describe as “artifacts,” with a deliberate play on the word – to rape law. Through my study of the facts limned in art, I show how the complexities of Emin’s reactions to rape challenge the too-streamlined and often confusing stories of victims told by prosecutors, experts, and courts. Emin’s art demonstrates that she harbors suspicions of the state, a skepticism based in part on her failure to correspond to “real rape” victim stereotypes. Her critique adds much needed insight into problems of the R.T. S. model. Based on the lessons learned, I make suggestions for rape law reform, and for changes to be made to the administration of rape prosecutions in the U.S. and U.K.
Anterograde and Retrograde Effects of Benzodiazepines on Memory

Benzodiazepines are known as “acquisition-impairing” molecules, and their effects on anterograde memory processes are well described. In contrast, the impact of benzodiazepines on retrograde memory and, more particularly, on retrieval processes, is only marginally studied. This mini-review provides an overlook of the main studies evidencing an effect of benzodiazepines on retrograde memory, both in humans and animals, with special emphasis on retrieval processes. The conditions for the emergence of the benzodiazepine-induced retrieval impairments are also discussed.
Exploratory analysis and data modeling in functional neuroimaging

Functional imaging tools such as fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging), PET (positron emission tomography), EEG (electro-encephalogram) and MEG (magneto-encephalogram) allow researchers to record activity in the working brain and draw inferences about how the brain functions. This book provides a survey of theoretical and computational approaches to neuroimaging, including inferential, exploratory and causal methods of data analysis; theories of cerebral function; and biophysical and computational models of neural nets. It also emphasizes the close relationship between different approaches, for example, between causal data analysis and biophysical modelling, and between functional theories, and computational models.
Large Deviations for One-Dimensional Random Walk in a Random Environment a Survey

Suppose that the integers are assigned i.i. d. random variables f! x g (taking values in the unit interval), which serve as an environment. This environment deenes a random walk fX n g (called a RWRE) which, when at x, moves one step to the right with probability ! x , and one step to the left with probability 1 ? x. Solomon (1975) determined the almost-sure asymptotic speed v (=rate of escape) of a RWRE. Subsequent work provided limit theorems for the RWRE fX n g. We review in this article recent results on the asymptotics of the probability of rare events of the form P(X n =n 2 A) or P ! (X n =n 2 A), in the situation where P(X n =n 2 A) ? n! 1 0. It turns out that the RWRE exhibits a wide range of non-trivial behavior, and diierent regimes are possible.
Microstructure and Interface Phase Formation in ${\rm YBa}_{2}{\rm Cu}_{3}{\rm O}_{7-\delta}$  Prepared by an MOD Process

Understanding the evolution of microstructure in YBCO (YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-zeta</sub>) is critical to optimizing the process for production of high quality superconducting wire for commercial applications. Therefore, microstructure and interfaces have been investigated in fully reacted YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-zeta</sub>, prepared by the metalorganic deposition (MOD) process, and deposited on CeO<sub>2</sub>/YSZ/Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/NiW. YBCO nucleates on CeO<sub>2</sub> with a specific orientation relationship where [011] CeO<sub>2</sub> || [100] YBCO and (200) CeO<sub>2</sub> || (002) YBCO, and with the [001] YBCO axis parallel to the film growth direction. A 25-50 nm thick reaction layer of BaCeO<sub>3</sub> was observed at the YBCO : CeO<sub>2</sub> interface. Formation of this layer releases a considerable amount of Cu and Y into the YBCO matrix. Details of the interfacial phase formation in the MOD-processed YBCO films are presented in this paper.
Mining unstructured log files for recurrent fault diagnosis

Enterprise software systems are large and complex with limited support for automated root-cause analysis. Avoiding system downtime and loss of revenue dictates a fast and efficient root-cause analysis process. Operator practice and academic research have shown that about 80% of failures in such systems have recurrent causes; therefore, significant efficiency gains can be achieved by automating their identification. In this paper, we present a novel approach to modelling features of log files. This model offers a compact representation of log data that can be efficiently extracted from large amounts of monitoring data. We also use decision-tree classifiers to learn and classify symptoms of recurrent faults. This representation enables automated fault matching and, in addition, enables human investigators to understand manifestations of failure easily. Our model does not require any access to application source code, a specification of log messages, or deep application knowledge. We evaluate our proposal using fault-injection experiments against other proposals in the field. First, we show that the features needed for symptom definition can be extracted more efficiently than does related work. Second, we show that these features enable an accurate classification of recurrent faults using only standard machine learning techniques. This enables us to identify accurately up to 78% of the faults in our evaluation data set.