Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ownership and Trust in Cyber-Foraged Displays

In this paper we investigate the willingness of public display owners to support cyber-foraging (appropriation) of displays by mobile users. Large digital displays are common in public and semi-public spaces and have the potential to provide a useful infrastructure for mobile users. Supporting display-foraging is not just a technical problem but will require support from viewers and display owners. We present the results of four studies exploring attitudes to display appropriation in order to understand the implications of supporting this type of cyber-foraging for future public displays.
GABA Transporter-1 Deficiency Confers Schizophrenia-Like Behavioral Phenotypes

The mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of schizophrenia remains poorly understood. The hyper-dopamine and hypo-NMDA receptor hypotheses have been the most enduring ideas. Recently, emerging evidence implicates alterations of the major inhibitory system, GABAergic neurotransmission in the schizophrenic patients. However, the pathophysiological role of GABAergic system in schizophrenia still remains dubious. In this study, we took advantage of GABA transporter 1 (GAT1) knockout (KO) mouse, a unique animal model with elevated ambient GABA, to study the schizophrenia-related behavioral abnormalities. We found that GAT1 KO mice displayed multiple behavioral abnormalities related to schizophrenic positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. Moreover, GAT1 deficiency did not change the striatal dopamine levels, but significantly enhanced the tonic GABA currents in prefrontal cortex. The GABAA receptor antagonist picrotoxin could effectively ameliorate several behavioral defects of GAT1 KO mice. These results identified a novel function of GAT1, and indicated that the elevated ambient GABA contributed critically to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Furthermore, several commonly used antipsychotic drugs were effective in treating the locomotor hyperactivity in GAT1 KO mice, suggesting the utility of GAT1 KO mice as an alternative animal model for studying schizophrenia pathogenesis and developing new antipsychotic drugs.
Trading on infeasibility by exploiting constraint’s criticality through multi-objectivization: A system design perspective

Preferences are ubiquitous in real life - many problems are over-constrained and would not be solvable if we insist that all our requirements are strictly met. This paper portrays 'constraints' in an unconventional perspective, based on the realization that in order to truly maximize/minimize objective function(s), one has to optimize the feasible set. On a broader level, this paper acknowledges the need to move from 'optimizing the given', towards 'designing the optimal'. Here, the constraints are treated as objectives over and above the stated objective(s) and no other restrictions are used to 'constrain' the search space. We then evaluate this enhanced set of objectives, in terms of their criticality or redundancy. To this effect, we utilize our earlier proposed dimensionality reduction procedures to obtain a minimal set of objectives, which would characterize the original system with reasonable accuracy (from dimensionality reduction perspective) but with enhanced effectiveness (from a 'system design' perspective).
The Sweet Briar Way: The search for organizational identity in higher education

This study looked at organizational identity in higher education. First conceptualized by organizational and management theorists Stuart Albert and David Whetten in 1985, it is defined as those attributes and features members believe to be most central and enduring about their organization and that distinguish it from others. Using case study methodology, the study explored how the identity at Sweet Briar, a women’s college in Sweet Briar, Virginia was developed, sustained, and preserved and its influence in the college. The study found a high degree of identity salience at Sweet Briar evidenced by clear identity claims and identity-­referencing discourse as well as corresponding practices, behaviors, and attitudes that gave expression to the identity in the culture of the college. The study also revealed the presence of facilitating protocols, which were those campus-­sponsored procedures, systems, and commemorative events that kept its identity at the center of institutional life at Sweet Briar. Overall findings suggest that a high level of identity salience is a powerful resource a college can draw on to build a cohesive community, strengthen itself in times of challenge, and firmly position itself in the marketplace.
HCN2 and HCN1 Channels Govern the Regularity of Autonomous Pacemaking and Synaptic Resetting in Globus Pallidus Neurons

The globus pallidus (GP) is a critical component of the basal ganglia circuitry controlling motor behavior. Dysregulation of GP activity has been implicated in a number of psychomotor disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD), in which a cardinal feature of the pathophysiology is an alteration in the pattern and synchrony of discharge in GP neurons. Yet the determinants of this activity in GP neurons are poorly understood. To help fill this gap, electrophysiological, molecular, and computational approaches were used to identify and characterize GABAergic GP neurons in tissue slices from rodents. In vitro, GABAergic GP neurons generate a regular, autonomous, single-spike pacemaker activity. Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated cation (HCN) channels make an important contribution to this process: their blockade with ZD7288 significantly slowed discharge rate and decreased its regularity. HCN currents evoked by somatic voltage clamp had fast and slow components. Single-cell RT-PCR and immunohistochemical approaches revealed robust expression of HCN2 subunits as well as significant levels of HCN1 subunits in GABAergic GP neurons. Transient activation of striatal GABAergic input to GP neurons led to a resetting of rhythmic discharge that was dependent on HCN currents. Simulations suggested that the ability of transient striatal GABAergic input to reset pacemaking was dependent on dendritic HCN2/HCN1 channels. Together, these studies show that HCN channels in GABAergic GP neurons are key determinants of the regularity and rate of pacemaking as well as striatal resetting of this activity, implicating HCN channels in the emergence of synchrony in PD.
Clinical outcomes of gastric variceal obliteration using N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate in patients with acute gastric variceal hemorrhage

Background/Aims To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of endoscopic injection of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBC; Histoacryl) for treatment of bleeding gastric varices. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the records of 455 patients with gastric variceal hemorrhage (GVH) who were consecutively treated with NBC from January 2004 to July 2013, with a mean follow-up period of 582 days. The patients' endoscopic findings, initial hemostasis, complications, rebleeding rates, and bleeding-related death rates were reviewed. Results Hemostasis was achieved initially in 96.9% (441/455) of patients; rebleeding occurred in 35.2% (160/455), and the bleeding-related death rate was 6.8% (31/455) during follow-up. Complications included fever (6.8%), abdominal pain (3.7%), diarrhea (1.3%), spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (0.7%), bacteremia (0.4%), and embolism (0.2%). A red-color sign on concomitant esophageal varices (EVs) (p = 0.002) and previous history of variceal bleeding (p < 0.001) were significant risk factors for rebleeding within 1 year. The Child-Pugh score (p < 0.001), presence of hepatocellular carcinoma (p = 0.001), and failure of initial hemostasis (p < 0.001) were the risk factors most closely associated with bleeding-related death. Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive overview of the outcomes and prognostic factors of patients with GVH. The results may help in the selection of effective treatment strategies for patients with GVH.
Deciphering the wisent demographic and adaptive histories from individual 5 whole-genome sequences 6 7 Authors and Affiliations 8

25 As the largest European herbivore, the wisent (Bison bonasus) is emblematic of the continent 26 wildlife but has unclear origins. Here, we infer its demographic and adaptive histories from 27 two individual whole genome sequences via a detailed comparative analysis with bovine 28 genomes. We estimate that the wisent and bovine species diverged from 1.7x10 6 to 850,000 29 YBP through a speciation process involving an extended period of limited gene flow. Our 30 data further support the occurrence of more recent secondary contacts, posterior to the Bos 31 taurus and Bos indicus divergence (ca. 150,000 YBP), between the wisent and (European) 32 taurine cattle lineages. Although the wisent and bovine population sizes experienced a similar 33 sharp decline since the Last Glacial Maximum, we find that the wisent demography remained 34 more fluctuating during the Pleistocene. This is in agreement with a scenario in which wisents 35 responded to successive glaciations by habitat fragmentation rather than southward and 36 eastward migration as for the bovine ancestors. 37 We finally detect 423 genes under positive selection between the wisent and bovine lineages, 38 which shed a new light on the genome response to different living conditions (temperature, 39 available food resource and pathogen exposure) and on the key gene functions altered by the 40 domestication process. 41 42 not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
Rice Production in India â€” Implications of Land Inequity and Market Imperfections

The relationship between farm productivity and farm structure has been analyzed focusing mainly on one channel of transmission of this relationship, viz. input-use pattern in rice production. The hypothesized relationship tested in this study is that land inequality influences access to/ use of resources in rice production and in-turn influences productivity. Market imperfections aggravate the negative effect of land inequity on productivity. Results have shown that smallholders’ share in inputs like fertilizers, and irrigation has increased over time, but a large number of smallholders still do not have access to these resources. Study has demonstrated that policies like fertilizer subsidy, agricultural credit, and minimum support prices are able to address market imperfections only partially. Hence, for improving productivity and profitability of rice production of smallholders in particular and other farmers in general, addressing of structural inequity needs attention besides a focus on technology development.
Non-critical superstrings from four-dimensional gauge theory

We study large-N double-scaling limits of U(N) gauge theories in four dimensions. We focus on theories in a partially confining phase where an abelian subgroup Ĝ of the gauge group remains unconfined. Double-scaling is defined near critical points in the parameter/moduli space where states charged under Ĝ become massless. In specific cases, we present evidence that the double-scaled theory is dual to a non-critical superstring background. Models studied include the β-deformation of = 4 SUSY Yang-Mills which leads to a non-critical string theory with sixteen supercharges. We also study = 1 SUSY Yang-Mills theory coupled to a single chiral superfield with a polynomial superpotential which leads to a related string theory with eight supercharges. In both cases the string coupling is small and the background is free from Ramond-Ramond flux.
Modeling the Impacts of Market Activity on Bid-Ask Spreads in the Option Market

In this paper, we examine the impact of market activity on the percentage bid-ask spreads of S&P 100 index options using transactions data. We propose a new market microstructure theory which we call derivative hedge theory, in which option market percentage spreads will be inversely related to the option market maker's ability to hedge his positions in the underlying market, as measured by the liquidity of the latter market. In a perfect hedge world, spreads arise from the illiquidity of the underlying market, rather than from inventory risk or informed trading in the option market itself. We find option market volume is not a significant determinant of option market spreads. This finding leads us to question the use of volume as a measure of liquidity and supports the derivative hedge theory. Option market spreads are positively related to spreads in the underlying market, again supporting our theory. However, option market duration does affect option market spreads, with very slow and very fast option markets both leading to bigger spreads. The fast market result would be predicted by the asymmetric information theory. Inventory model predicts big spreads in slow markets. Neither result would be observed if the underlying securities market provided a perfect hedge. We interpret these mixed results as meaning that the option market maker is able to only imperfectly hedge his positions in the underlying securities market. Our result of insignificant options volume casts doubt on the price discovery argument between stock and option market (Easley, O'Hara, and Srinivas (1998)). Asymmetric information costs in either market are naturally passed to the other market maker's hedgeing and therefore it is unimportant where the informed traders trade.
The Effects of Co-Operating or Conflicting over Work Restructuring: Evidence from Employees

This paper examines patterns of worker response to the introduction of teamworking at two similar large work sites. We consider whether the patterns of response are significantly different where change has been introduced through a more cooperative or a more conflictual bargaining process. In the cooperative negotiations that more typified one site, trade unions made concessions, generating both dissatisfaction with the terms under which teams were introduced and a decline in job satisfaction. At the site more characterised by conflictual negotiations, employees were more satisfied with teamworking after unions protected manning in teams, negotiated a pay increase for more workers and the side payment of a desired 12-hours shift pattern. The findings indicate how response to workplace change depended upon the terms under which teams were introduced, in turn shaped in important part by the process of negotiating change.
CORRELATION OF PLASMA ACTH CONCENTRATION WITH ADRENOCORTICAL RESPONSE IN NORMAL HUMAN SUBJECTS, SURGICAL PATIENTS, AND PATIENTS WITH CUSHING'S DISEASE.

The role of ACTH in various clinical disorders has been difficult to ascertain because the available assay methods have lacked the sensitivity necessary for valid quantitation of the hormone in the plasma of normal subjects (1-4). Even the method of Lipscomb and Nelson (5), the most sensitive practical bioassay procedure now available, usually requires the injection of at least 0.05 mUof ACTHper rat, if responses are to be elicited that will be statistically significant without the use of a prohibitive number of animals. It is usually impractical to inject more than 5 ml of crude human plasma into a single rat. Therefore, in order to be accurately measurable by this procedure, the concentration of ACTH in the plasma must be at least 0.05 mUper 5 ml, or 1 mUper 100 ml. Numerous studies indicate that normal plasma levels of ACTHare well below this concentration. Byr the adrenal ascorbic acid depletion assay method, Sydnor, Sayers, Brown, and Tyler (1) were unable to detect ACTH in plasma of normal subjects, even after attempting to extract the hormone with oxvcellulose in preparation for the bioassay. These workers concluded that blood ACTH concentrations of normal human subjects were less than 0.5 mUper 100 ml. Using a similar procedure, Fujita (3) estimated the normal level of ACTHto be about 1 mUper L, i.e., 0.1 mUper 100 ml. Cooper and Nelson (6) were able to detect ACTH in the plasma of only 3 of 10 patients before surgery, by a method that they
Entrepreneur Human Capital Endowments and Minority Business Viability

This study analyzes the relationship between entrepreneur human capital endowments and minority enterprise profitability. The better educated subset of entrepreneurs earns high profits relative to their minority business counterparts, and the lines of business in which they are concentrating lie outside the retail and personal service areas that have traditionally dominated minority business activity. In addition to fostering industrial diversity by creating and expanding firms in heavy construction, manufacturing, and skill-intensive services, the better educated entrepreneur group is found to be utilizing effectively both its financial and human capital inputs.
An efficient algorithm for information decomposition and extraction

The Hirschfeld-Gebelein-Rényi maximal correlation is a well-known measure of statistical dependence between two (possibly categorical) random variables. In inference problems, the maximal correlation functions can be viewed as so called features of observed data that carry the largest amount of information about some latent variables. These features are in general non-linear functions, and are particularly useful in processing high-dimensional observed data. The alternating conditional expectations (ACE) algorithm is an efficient way to compute these maximal correlation functions. In this paper, we use an information theoretic approach to interpret the ACE algorithm as computing the singular value decomposition of a linear map between spaces of probability distributions. With this approach, we demonstrate the information theoretic optimality of the ACE algorithm, analyze its convergence rate and sample complexity, and finally, generalize it to compute multiple pairs of correlation functions from samples.
Transferring Primitive Elements of Skill Within and Between Tasks

The primitive elements of skill theory proposes a set of approximately 2000 primitive information processing elements (PRIMs) (Taatgen, 2013) that compose all cognitive acts by combining and recombining to produce learning and transfer. By this theory, learning is transfer and transfer results from learning as the primitive elements combine to form new elements based on task demands and these more complex elements are reused later in learning (thereby producing increase in skill) and repurposed by different tasks (thereby producing transfer). We illustrate PRIMs in this paper by producing two models of the Balance Beam Task (BBT) and of the Take the Best heuristic (TTB). Although BBT and TTB do not, on the surface, possess much in common, when run in a transfer paradigm (TTB-to-BBT or BBT-to-TTB) each model harvests PRIMs created by its predecessor, thereby demonstrating positive transfer.
Neuroimaging insights into insomnia

Insomnia is a frequent symptom or syndrome defmed by complaints of trouble in initiating or maintaining sleep or of nonrestorative sleep. This causes significant impairments in several areas of daytime functioning including mood, motivation, attention and vigilance, Significant advanees in our neurobiological knowledge of insomnia have been brought by eleetrophysiologieal data (e,g, electroeneephalography (EEG) and by funetional neuroimaging data (e,g. single photon emission eomputed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET) aequired during wakefulness, transition from waking to non rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep and REM sleep itself, Indeed it has been shown that idiopathie insomnia is eharaeterized by a specifie pattern of regional brain aetivity: (i) during the transition from waking to NREM sleep: failure to decrease brain activity in the ascending reticular activating system, medial prefrontal cortex, limbie/paralimbie areas (including insular cortex, arnygdala, t Correspondance: Martin Desseilles, MD, PhD, Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liege, Batiment B30, 8, allée du 6 Aout B-4000 Liege (BELGIUM), Tel: +32 4 366 23 16; Fax: +32 4 366 29 46, E-mail: m.desseilles@ulg.ac. be 336 Martin Desseilles, Thien Thanh Dang-Vu, Manuel Schabus et al. hippocampus, anterior cingulate), thalamus and hypothalamus, (ii) during NREM sleep: deactivation of the parietal and occipital cortices, and basal ganglia, and (iii) during wakefulness: deactivation in brainstem retieular formation, thalamus, hypothalamus, prefrontal, left superior temporal, parietal and occipital cortices. This specific distribution of brain activity might relate to (i) specific impairments in daytime functioning (e.g. hypoactivity in prefrontal cortex during wakefulness is consistent with reduced attentional abilities), (ii) hyperarousal hypothesis as a common pathway in the pathophysiology of insomnia (e.g. overall cortical hyperarousal characterized by an increase in EEG beta/gamma activity (14-35 / 35-45 Hz) at sleep onset and during NREM sleep) and (iii) the potentially overlapping pathophysiology with major depressive disorder as! his illness has shown similarly altered cortical patterns (e.g. both illnesses have impairments in limbic/paralimbic areas as weil as in basal ganglia). The goal of! his chapter is to show that combining recent neurophysiological and neuroimaging data on human sleep offers new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisrns of insomnia and potentially opens new therapeutic perspectives.
On the costs of disability insurance

The costs of social insurance come from two sources: first, the social insurance changes the behavior of individuals, and second, taxes that are levied to finance these programs create further losses. We extend the standard Ramsey model by a precautionary saving motive and examine the disability insurance program in the United States. A baseline calibration implies that the program lowers per capita consumption by 2.5%: 1/3 of this burden is caused by higher taxes and 2/3 comes from the change in economic behavior. However, precautionary savings are inefficient at insuring people against permanent disability: therefore, social insurance increases welfare. But, a perfect private insurance program would provide a 3.5-7% higher per capita consumption than the current disability insurance program.
Depth Separation in ReLU Networks for Approximating Smooth Non-Linear Functions

We provide a depth-based separation result for feed-forwar d ReLU neural networks, showing that a wide family of non-linear, twice-differentiable functio ns on [0, 1]d, which can be approximated to accuracyǫ by ReLU networks of depth and width O(poly(log(1/ǫ))), cannot be approximated to similar accuracy by constant-depth ReLU networks, unless their wid th is at leastΩ(1/ǫ).
Antioxidant Contents and Antioxidant Activities of White and Colored Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)

This study was performed to evaluate and compare the antioxidant substance content and antioxidant activities of white (Superior) and colored (Hongyoung, Jayoung, Jasim, Seohong, and Jaseo) potatoes. The potatoes were extracted with 80% ethanol and were evaluated for the total polyphenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents and for 1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)/2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and ferrous metal ion chelating effect. The total polyphenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents of Hongyoung and Jayoung were higher than white and other colored potatoes. All colored potato extracts, except for Jaseo and Seohong, showed higher ABTS radical scavenging activities than the general white potato extract. Hongyoung and Jayoung had the highest ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities. Optical density values for the reducing power of Jayoung and Jaseo at concentration of 2 mg/mL were 0.148 and 0.090, respectively. All colored potato extracts had lower ferrous metal ion chelating effect than the white potato. A significant (P<0.05) positive correlation was observed between total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content (r=0.919), anthocyanin content (r=0.992), and ABTS radical scavenging activity (r=0.897). Based on these results, this research may be useful in developing the Hongyoung and Jayoung cultivars with high antioxidant activities.