Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Face, body and speech cues independently predict judgments of attractiveness

Abstract Research on human attraction frequently makes use of single-modality stimuli such as neutral-expression facial photographs as proxy indicators of an individual's attractiveness. However, we know little about how judgments of these single-modality stimuli correspond to judgments of stimuli that incorporate multi-modal cues of face, body and speech. In the present study, ratings of attractiveness judged from videos of participants introducing themselves were independently predicted by judgments of the participant's facial attractiveness (a neutral-expression facial photograph masked to conceal the hairstyle), body attractiveness (a photograph of the upper body), and speech attractiveness (the soundtrack to the video). We also found that ratings of the face, body and speech were positively related to each other. Our results support the assumption that the single-modality stimuli used in much attractiveness research are valid proxy indicators of overall attractiveness in ecologically valid contexts, .
Cultural tourism and livelihood diversification: The case of Gcwihaba Caves and XaiXai village in the Okavango Delta, Botswana

This paper uses the livelihoods framework to analyse how cultural tourism can diversify livelihoods at XaiXai village in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Both primary and secondary data sources were used in this study. Primary data sources included household and key informant's interviews conducted at XaiXai village and Gcwihaba Caves. Secondary data included both published and unpublished materials on cultural tourism, XaiXai village and Gcwihaba Caves. Results indicate that the San (Basarwa) of XaiXai's traditional life of hunting and gathering has become a cultural tourism product in the Okavango Delta. Gcwihaba Caves’ geological formation particularly the stalagmites, stalactites and channels also attract tourists that visit the Okavango Delta. The caves also have a cultural history in that they were used as a hiding place by the Basarwa in times of wars, rainy season and cold winters. As such, the cultural values of the San of XaiXai and Gcwihaba Caves are cultural tourism products that can diversify livelihoods at XaiXai village. Therefore, policies and strategies that address cultural tourism and rural livelihoods in tourism destination areas need to be developed. The Gcwihaba Caves and Xaixai Village case study demonstrates that cultural tourism can be a tool for rural livelihoods diversification in tourism destination areas of developing countries.
Thresholds of gross primary production for the metabolic balance of marine planktonic communities

The notion that less productive marine planktonic communities tend to be heterotrophic was tested by synthesizing reported estimates of the relationships between the net community production or community respiration and gross primary production (GPP), allowing calculation of the threshold GPP separating less productive, heterotrophic communities from more productive, autotrophic ones. A total of 35 estimates of the threshold GPP were assembled, derived from reports of comparative analyses of individual regions (Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Southern Ocean, Pacific Ocean, and Indian Ocean) and global comparative analyses for open‐ocean and coastal environments, time‐series analyses of changes in planktonic metabolism at individual locations, experimental manipulations in mesocosms, and a semi‐empirical modeling exercise. Planktonic communities of the open ocean and continental shelf showed threshold GPP values ranging 30‐fold, from 0.34 mmol O2 m−3 d−1 to 9.45 mmol O2 m−3 d−1, with those for estuarine and coastal locations reaching 50.60 mmol O2 m−3 d−1. Antarctic and ultra‐oligotrophic ecosystems showed the lowest threshold GPP values (<2.2 mmol O2 m−3 d−1), with a general consistency across approaches for a given ecosystem. Plankton community respiration in the absence of or under low primary production is not negligible and is supported by semi‐labile dissolved organic carbon. The analysis of GPP thresholds suggests that allochthonous organic inputs to the less productive regions of the ocean must be in the order of mmol O2 m−3 d−1, consistent with recent estimates of allochthonous inputs of organic carbon to the ocean.
Context Effects in Environmental Judgments: Assimilation and Contrast Effects in Separate and Joint Evaluation Modes

This research investigates whether consumers judge the environmental quality of food products differently according to whether the products are presented separately or jointly and whether assimilation or contrast effects are more likely to occur. Study 1 revealed contrast effects when products were judged in separate evaluation. Study 2 revealed assimilation effects when products were judged in joint evaluation. Increasing the range of the product alternatives, however, produced a displacement of the judgments in the opposite direction, indicating contrast effects again. Comparing the environmental judgments across both studies, reversal effects in judgments and ordering of products could be demonstrated. Overall, the findings underline that environmental judgments are highly unstable and context-dependent.
Organizational Stress: Studies in Role Conflict and Ambiguity.

Wolfe; Robert P. Quinn; J. Diedrick Snoek; Robert A. Rosenthal Review by: Harry Levinson Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 10, No. 1, Special Issue on Professionals in Organizations (Jun., 1965), pp. 125-129 Published by: Sage Publications, Inc. on behalf of the Johnson Graduate School of Management, Cornell University Stable URL: http://www.jstor. org/stable/2391654 . Accessed: 17/06/2014 01:25
Drawing on Stereotypes: Using Undergraduates' Sketches of Elders as a Teaching Tool

Using data collected from undergraduates at two large, public universities (N = 183), we examined features of student drawings (e.g., facial expressions) as reflections of dominant views of the elderly. Sketches depicted both negative (e.g., frailty) and positive stereotypes (e.g., kindness). They also illustrate gender inequality; for example, men are overrepresented in the drawings relative to their proportion in the elderly population. We discuss the use of student drawings as a tool to stimulate discussion on the social construction of “old age,” the double standard of aging, and the nature, origin, and consequences of ageism.
The Politics of Suburbia: Israel's Settlement Policy and the Production of Space in the Metropolitan Area of Jerusalem

Israel's settlement policy in the West Bank represents a crucial issue in the Israeli—Palestinian conflict. Through the examination of a single case study—the planning history of the Jewish settlement of Ma'ale Adummim, located in the eastern periphery of the city—the paper addresses the complex nexus between planning and state-building practices; building on Henri Lefebvre's theory of space, he offers an account of the role of Israel's settlement policy in the transformation of the material, symbolic, and political landscape of the metropolitan area of Jerusalem. My main argument is that the observation of the development of large suburban communities in the metropolitan area—a blind spot both in media and in academic discourse—is crucial for our understanding of the settlement policy as a whole, and its impact on Israeli—Palestinian relations.
The Struggle for Mastery in Europe 1848–1918

The system of international repression ended with the fall of Metternich in 1848. The conflicting ideals of international revolution and collective security came into being with Lenin and Wilson in 1918. Nationalism, tempered by the Balance of Power, dominated Europe in the intervening seventy years. Drawing on a wealth of diplomatic documents, A. J. P. Taylor examines the relations of the Great Powers, when Europe was still the centre of the world. Written in characteristically vigorous prose, this is a challenging and original diplomatic history, that also considers the political and economic forces which made continental war inevitable.
(-)-Epicatechin protects hemorrhagic brain via synergistic Nrf2 pathways

In the wake of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), a devastating stroke with no effective treatment, hemoglobin/iron‐induced oxidative injury leads to neuronal loss and poor neurologic outcomes. (‐)‐Epicatechin (EC), a brain‐permeable flavanol that modulates redox/oxidative stress via the NF‐E2–related factor (Nrf) 2 pathway, has been shown to be beneficial for vascular and cognitive function in humans. Here, we examined whether EC can reduce early brain injury in ICH mouse models and investigated the underlying mechanisms.
Dietary patterns related to attainment in school: the importance of early eating patterns

Objectives: To empirically test the impact of dietary intake at several time points in childhood on children’s school attainment and to investigate whether any differences in school attainment between children who ate packed lunches or school meals was due to who these children were, their pre-school dietary patterns, or to what they ate at school. Design: Using longitudinal data available in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), multivariate linear regression was used to assess the relative importance of diet at different ages for school attainment. Main outcome measures: Three indicators of school attainment were used: at ages 4–5 entry assessments to school, at ages 6–7 Key Stage 1 national tests and at ages 10–11 Key Stage 2 national tests. These outcome variables were measured in levels as well as in changes from the previous educational stage. Results: The key finding at age 3 was that “junk food” dietary pattern had a negative association with the level of school attainment. A weak association remained after controlling for the impact of other dietary patterns at age 3, dietary patterns at ages 4 and 7 and other confounding factors. The authors did not find evidence that eating packed lunches or eating school meals affected children’s attainment, once the impact of junk food dietary pattern at age 3 was accounted for in the model. Conclusions: Early eating patterns have implications for attainment that appear to persist over time, regardless of subsequent changes in diet.
Developing an Assessment of Sexual Identity Management for Lesbian and Gay Workers

Prior research examining disclosure of sexual orientation at work suggests that lesbian and gay people employ diverse strategies for managing this nonvisible aspect of their identity. Yet, research concerning sexual identity management has been hampered by inadequate conceptual definition and measurement. This paper reports initial development of the Workplace Sexual Identity Management Measure (WSIMM) based on a conceptual model of lesbian and gay identity management supported by prior qualitative research. Psychometric properties of the WSIMM were examined for a sample of 172 student affairs professionals. Results suggest the WSIMM successfully assesses a continuum of identity management strategies and lend partial support for individual scales. Recommendations concerning appropriate uses and further refinement of the measure are provided.
Destiny and Drift: Subcultural, Preferences, Status Attainments, and the Risks and Rewards of Youth

I combine the concept of drift, drawn from social control theory, and a life course conceptualization to elaborate a paradigmatic model to study cultural stratification. I apply this model in a thirteen-year panel study to examine the effects of adolescent subcultural preferences on later adult status attainments. Adolescents adrift from parental and educational control are more likely than those with more controls to develop mild or more seriously deviant subcultural preferences. I identify two distinct adolescent subcultural preferences: a subculture of delinquency and a party subculture. Among males with working-class origins, identification with the subculture of delinquency has a negative effect on trajectories of early adult status attainment. However, among males from non-working-class backgrounds, identification with a party subculture has a net positive effect when the negative effects of partying on educational performance are removed.
Down-regulation of MicroRNA-133 predicts poor overall survival and regulates the growth and invasive abilities in glioma

Abstract miRNAs were reported as oncogene or tumour suppressors in various cancers and played important roles in tumour development and progression. Dysregulated miR-133 has been reported in several cancers, however, the expression and biological function of miR-133 in glioma remained unclear. In this study, we found that miR-133 expression level was significantly decreased in glioma tissues and cell lines by RT-qPCR. Then miR-133 mimics were used to evaluate the effects of miR-133 on cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. We found that overexpressed miR-133 could significantly suppress cell growth, and invasion in U87 cells. Additionally, we found that forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) was overexpressed in glioma tissue and it was directly regulated by miR-133. Overall, this study is the first proof to demonstrate that miR-133 function as tumour suppressor in glioma and inhibit cell proliferation and invasioned by directly targeting FOXC1, implying miR-133 as a potential therapeutic target for glioma.
Untouched aspects of the wave mechanics of a particle in one dimensional box

Wave mechanics of a particle in 1-D box (size $= d$) is critically analyzed to reveal its untouched aspects. When the particle rests in its ground state, its zero-point force ($F_o$) produces non-zero strain by modifying the box size from $d$ to $d' = d + \Delta d$ in all practical situations where the force ($F_a$) restoring $d$ is not infinitely strong. Assuming that $F_a$ originates from a potential $\propto x^2$ ($x$ being a small change in $d$), we find that: (i) the particle and strained box assume a mutually bound state (under the equilibrium between $F_o$ and $F_a$) with binding energy $\Delta{E} = -\epsilon_o'\Delta{d}/d'$ (with $\epsilon_o' = h^2/8md'^2$ being the ground state energy of the particle in the strained box), (ii) the box size oscillates around $d'$ when the said equilibrium is disturbed, (iii) an exchange of energy between the particle and the strained box occurs during such oscillations, and (iv) the particle, having collisional motion in its excited states, assumes collisionless motion in its ground state. These aspects have desired experimental support and proven relevance for understanding the physics of widely different systems such as quantum dots, quantum wires, trapped single particle/ion, clusters of particles, superconductors, superfluids, {\it etc.} It is emphasized that the physics of such a system in its low energy states can be truly revealed if the theory incorporates $F_o$ and related aspects.
Vicarious Reinforcement Learning Signals When Instructing Others

Reinforcement learning (RL) theory posits that learning is driven by discrepancies between the predicted and actual outcomes of actions (prediction errors [PEs]). In social environments, learning is often guided by similar RL mechanisms. For example, teachers monitor the actions of students and provide feedback to them. This feedback evokes PEs in students that guide their learning. We report the first study that investigates the neural mechanisms that underpin RL signals in the brain of a teacher. Neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) signal PEs when learning from the outcomes of one's own actions but also signal information when outcomes are received by others. Does a teacher's ACC signal PEs when monitoring a student's learning? Using fMRI, we studied brain activity in human subjects (teachers) as they taught a confederate (student) action–outcome associations by providing positive or negative feedback. We examined activity time-locked to the students' responses, when teachers infer student predictions and know actual outcomes. We fitted a RL-based computational model to the behavior of the student to characterize their learning, and examined whether a teacher's ACC signals when a student's predictions are wrong. In line with our hypothesis, activity in the teacher's ACC covaried with the PE values in the model. Additionally, activity in the teacher's insula and ventromedial prefrontal cortex covaried with the predicted value according to the student. Our findings highlight that the ACC signals PEs vicariously for others' erroneous predictions, when monitoring and instructing their learning. These results suggest that RL mechanisms, processed vicariously, may underpin and facilitate teaching behaviors.
Recursive least squares adaptive noise cancellation filtering for heart sound reduction in lung sounds recordings

It is rarely possible to obtain recordings of lung sounds that are 100% free of contaminating sounds from non-respiratory sources, such as the heart. Depending on pulmonary airflow, sensor location, and individual physiology, heart sounds may obscure lung sounds in both time and frequency domains, and thus pose a challenge for development of semi-automated diagnostic techniques. In this study, recursive least squares (RLS) adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) filtering has been applied for heart sounds reduction, using lung sounds data recorded from anterior-right chest locations of six healthy male and female subjects, aged 10-26 years, under three standardized flow conditions: 7.5 (low), 15 (medium) and 22.5 mL/s/kg (high). The reference input for the RLS-ANC filter was derived from a modified band pass filtered version of the original signal. The comparison between the power spectral density (PSD) of original lung sound segments, including, and void of, heart sounds, and the PSD of RLS-ANC filtered sounds, has been used to gauge the effectiveness of the filtering. This comparison was done in four frequency bands within 20 to 300 Hz for each subject. The results show that RLS-ANC filtering is a promising technique for heart sound reduction in lung sounds signals.
Complex dynamics of our economic life on different scales: insights from search engine query data

Search engine query data deliver insight into the behaviour of individuals who are the smallest possible scale of our economic life. Individuals are submitting several hundred million search engine queries around the world each day. We study weekly search volume data for various search terms from 2004 to 2010 that are offered by the search engine Google for scientific use, providing information about our economic life on an aggregated collective level. We ask the question whether there is a link between search volume data and financial market fluctuations on a weekly time scale. Both collective ‘swarm intelligence’ of Internet users and the group of financial market participants can be regarded as a complex system of many interacting subunits that react quickly to external changes. We find clear evidence that weekly transaction volumes of S&P 500 companies are correlated with weekly search volume of corresponding company names. Furthermore, we apply a recently introduced method for quantifying complex correlations in time series with which we find a clear tendency that search volume time series and transaction volume time series show recurring patterns.
A measure of positive and negative affect for children: Scale development and preliminary validation.

A child version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS: D. Watson, L. A. Clark, & A. Tellegen, 1988), the PANAS-C, was developed using students in Grades 4-8 (N = 707). Item selection was based on psychometric and theoretical grounds. The resulting Negative Affect (NA) and Positive Affect (PA) scales demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity with existing self-report measures of childhood anxiety and depression; the PANAS-C performed much like its adult namesake. Overall, the PANAS-C, like the adult PANAS, is a brief, useful measure that can be used to differentiate anxiety from depression in youngsters. As such, this instrument addresses the shortcomings of existing measures of childhood anxiety and depression.
Direct and Indirect Links between Organizational Workhome Culture and Employee Well-Being

The extent to which an organization's culture exhibits support for its employees' efforts to balance work and personal responsibilities has been shown to influence a number of work- and home-related outcomes. This study tests a model with a mix of mediated and moderated relationships to investigate direct and indirect routes by which work-home culture may affect employee well-being. Sex differences in these relationships are also explored. Data collected from public sector employees in the UK indicate that a supportive work-home culture is significantly associated with lower levels of psychosomatic strain among employees. For women, this relationship is mediated by reduced levels of work-home interference. Different types of support demonstrate different effects for men and for women: managerial support has a more beneficial impact on women's well-being, and organizational time demands have a more detrimental impact on men's well-being. Recommendations for managers to boost employee well-being include shifting the focus away from presenteeism and toward work outputs in order to reduce gender stereotypes and improve attitudes toward those using flexible work practices and family-friendly initiatives, incorporating work-home supportiveness into the managerial performance appraisal process, and compensating or otherwise recognizing employees taking on absent colleagues' workloads.
"Working" Towards a Degree in Community College: How Work Intensity and Work Quality Relate to Student Engagement

This study explored the relationship between community college students’ working lives and student engagement. Student engagement has been used as a proxy for student persistence based on its strong association with student persistence and its powerful negative association with school drop-out. Work has been studied extensively as related to student engagement. The existing literature on student engagement and work is contradictory and focuses almost exclusively on adolescent students (i.e., Greenberger & Steinberg, 1986; Mortimer et al., 2002) or four-year college students (i.e., Pascarella & Terenzini, 1991; 2005), leaving a notable gap in the community college student literature. Most community college students work full time while attending school, yet little is known about how students’ work lives relate to their student engagement. Utilizing Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Framework (1979), which emphasizes the potential for positive and reciprocal relationships between contexts such as work and school, the present study sought to redress the gap in the literature through exploring how Work Intensity, Gender and Work Quality relate to Student Engagement. Students filled out the Community College Survey of Student Engagement (CCSSE) and a Work Quality survey. Using a sample of (277) students, the results of the data analyses revealed the following findings: (1) students who worked more intense hours did not differ significantly in their student engagement than their peers who worked less intense hours; (2) students who worked in intrinsically rewarding jobs were more engaged in school; (3) contrary to predicted, students who worked in higher stress jobs were more engaged in school and (4) work intensity moderated the relationship between extrinsic rewards at work and student effort. These findings add to the literature on community college student engagement as they are somewhat surprising and differ from what we know about student engagement among adolescent and traditional four-year college populations. Namely, community college students may demonstrate a unique ability to balance their school and work lives despite long hours and at times stressful working conditions.