Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Periaqueductal gray afferents synapse onto dopamine and GABA neurons in the rat ventral tegmental area

The midbrain central gray (periaqueductal gray; PAG) mediates defensive behaviors and is implicated in the rewarding effects of opiate drugs. Projections from the PAG to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) suggest that this region might also regulate behaviors involving motivation and cognition. However, studies have not yet examined the morphological features of PAG axons in the VTA or whether they synapse onto dopamine (DA) or GABA neurons. In this study, we injected anterograde tracers into the rat PAG and used immunoperoxidase to visualize the projections to the VTA. Immunogold‐silver labeling for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or GABA was then used to identify the phenotype of innervated cells. Electron microscopic examination of the VTA revealed axons labeled anterogradely from the PAG, including myelinated and unmyelinated fibers and axon varicosities, some of which formed identifiable synapses. Approximately 55% of these synaptic contacts were of the symmetric (presumably inhibitory) type; the rest were asymmetric (presumably excitatory). These findings are consistent with the presence of both GABA and glutamate projection neurons in the PAG. Some PAG axons contained dense‐cored vesicles indicating the presence of neuropeptides in addition to classical neurotransmitters. PAG projections synapsed onto both DA and GABA cells with no obvious selectivity, providing the first anatomical evidence for these direct connections. The results suggest a diverse nature of PAG physiological actions on midbrain neurons. Moreover, as both the VTA and PAG are implicated in the reinforcing actions of opiates, our findings provide a potential substrate for some of the rewarding effects of these drugs. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Women′s leadership styles: a heuristic analysis

Poses the question: do women have different leadership styles from those of men? With the current and projected impact of women‐led business on the world′s economies, this question is an important one. Surprisingly, however, there is an insignificant amount of empirical research into this leadership‐gender debate – most of the contemporary literature is purely conceptual. Therefore, the goal of the present study is to initiate scientific inquiry of this topic. An exploratory investigation of a sample of women business owners and managers was conducted to examine their leadership styles. From this preliminary study, utilizing the qualitative research methodology of content analysis, a heuristic model of female leadership is developed.
dbTouch: Analytics at your Fingertips

As we enter the era of data deluge, turning data into knowledge has become the major challenge across most sciences and businesses that deal with data. In addition, as we increase our ability to create data, more and more people are confronted with data management problems on a daily basis for numerous aspects of every day life. A fundamental need is data exploration through interactive tools, i.e., being able to quickly and eortlessly determine data and patterns of interest. However, modern database systems have not been designed with data exploration and usability in mind; they require users with expert knowledge and skills, while they react in a strict and monolithic way to every user request, resulting in correct answers but slow response times. In this paper, we introduce the vision of a new generation of data management systems, called dbTouch; our vision is to enable interactive and intuitive data exploration via database kernels which are tailored for touch-based exploration. No expert knowledge is needed. Data is represented in a visual format, e.g., a column shape for an attribute or a fat rectangle shape for a table, while users can touch those shapes and interact/query with gestures as opposed to ring complex SQL queries. The system does not try to consume all data; instead it analyzes only parts of the data at a time, continuously rening the answers and continuously reacting to user input. Every single touch on a data object can be seen as a request to run an operator or a collection of operators over part of the data. Users react to running results and continuously adjust the data exploration - they continuously determine the data to be processed next by adjusting the direction and speed of a gesture, i.e., a collection of touches; the database system does not have control on the data ow anymore. We discuss the various benets
Comprehensive meta-analysis of integrity test validities: Findings and implications for personnel selection and theories of job performance.

The authors conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis based on 665 validity coefficients across 576,460 data points to investigate whether integrity test validities are generalizable and to estimate differences in validity due to potential moderating influences. Results indicate that integrity test validities are substantial for predicting job performance and counterproductive behaviors on the job, such as theft, disciplinary problems, and absenteeism. The estimated mean operational predictive validity of integrity tests for predicting supervisory ratings of job performance is.41. Results from predictive validity studies conducted on applicants and using external criterion measures (i.e., excluding self-reports) indicate that integrity tests predict the broad criterion of organizationally disruptive behaviors better than they predict employee theft alone
Apps as Artefacts: Towards a Critical Perspective on Mobile Health and Medical Apps

Although over 100,000 health and medical mobile apps have been placed on the market, few critical social analyses have been yet undertaken of the role of these apps in healthcare, preventive health and health promotion. In this article I present an argument for approaching the study of mobile apps as sociocultural artefacts, focusing specifically on those that have been developed on health and medical topics. This perspective acknowledges that apps are digital objects that are the products of human decision-making, underpinned by tacit assumptions, norms and discourses already circulating in the social and cultural contexts in which they are generated, marketed and used. First, I provide the context, by discussing the gradual digitisation of health and medical information since the advent of the Internet and the emergence of health and medical apps as one of the latest developments. Second, I discuss how a critical perspective may be employed to analyse the social, cultural and political dimensions of health and medical apps. Finally I illustrate how such an approach may be applied by giving a case study of an analysis of the top 10 ranked health and medical apps on the Apple App Store on one day, outlining some major themes and discourses that emerge.
A woman's place in hotel management: upstairs or downstairs?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to ask whether it is the notion of choice (a pro‐life work/life balance decision) that influences woman's desire to strive for promotion within a hotel organisation or is the choice made for female managers by a system of organisational processes.Design/methodology/approach – This research within an international hotel group in Australia and New Zealand explored what barriers prevent women from reaching the top echelons in hotel management. A qualitative approach used semi‐structured interviews to study the intersection of gender, age and time in life with career progression and their combined impact on the glass ceiling phenomenon.Findings – The interviews revealed that the perception of glass ceiling barriers faced by women differed depending on where they were in their career cycle. They were revealed as the “long hours” culture, the old boy's network, hiring practices and geographical mobility. These significantly influenced women's work‐life balance, and persona.
Top-down modulation of unconscious 'automatic' processes: A gating framework

In classical theories of automaticity, automatic processes are usually thought to occur autonomously and independently of higher level top-down factors (e.g., Posner & Snyder, 1975). However, already Neumann (1984) pointed out that the cognitive system has to be configured in a certain way for automatic processes to occur. In extension of his work, I propose a gating framework to account for the influence of top-down factors such as attention, intention and task set on automatic processes such as masked response or semantic priming. It is assumed that task representations held in prefrontal cortex regulate the gain of neurons in visual and sematic association cortex thereby modulating the effects of unconsciously perceived masked stimuli on further ‘automatic’ information processing steps. In support of the postulated gating framework, recent studies demonstrated a top-down modulation of automatic processes. Behavioral and electrophysiological studies with the masked response priming and semantic priming paradigms show that masked priming effects crucially depend (i) on temporal attention to the masked prime, (ii) on intentions or action plans and (iii) on the task set active immediately before masked prime presentation. For instance, masked semantic priming was only observed when the preceding task set required the orientation to semantic word features, but not when it required orientation to perceptual word features. These results support the view that unconscious automatic processes are modulated by top-down factors. They are suggestive of a gating mechanism which orchestrates the conscious and unconscious information processing streams.
Relationship of a Measure of Self-Actualization to Religious Participation

Summary This study examined the hypothesis that self-actualization is negatively associated with reported frequency of active involvement in religious activities. A group of 63 male undergraduates enrolled in a Catholic coeducational institution indicated the extent of their involvement in religious activities and completed Shostrom's Personal Orientation Inventory (POI), a comprehensive measure of self-actualization. Results indicated substantial support for the hypothesis. Nine of the 12 Shostrom POI subscales were significantly correlated with the religious participation index in the predicted direction. It was suggested that self-actualizing students construe involvement in religious activities as being detrimental to their psychosocial development.
EDTA-Reduction of Water to Molecular Hydrogen Catalyzed by Visible-Light-Response TiO2-Based Materials Sensitized by Dawson- and Keggin-Type Rhenium(V)-Containing Polyoxotungstates

The synthesis and characterization of a Keggin-type mono-rhenium(V)- substituted polyoxotungstate are described. The dimethylammonium salt [Me2NH2]4[PW11ReVO40] was obtained as analytically pure homogeneous black-purple crystals by reacting mono-lacunary Keggin polyoxotungstate with [ReIVCl6]2- in water, followed by crystallization from acetone at ca. 5 °C. Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis of [PW11ReVO40]4- revealed a monomeric structure with overall Td symmetry. Characterization of [Me2NH2]4[PW11ReVO40] was also accomplished by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, TG/DTA, FTIR, UV-vis, diffuse reflectance (DR) UV-vis, and solution 31P-NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, [PW11ReVO40]4- and the Dawson-type dirhenium(V)-oxido-bridged polyoxotungstate [O{ReV(OH)(α2-P2W17O61)}2]14- were supported onto anatase TiO2 surface by the precipitation methods using CsCl and Pt(NH3)4Cl2. With these materials, hydrogen evolution from water in the presence of EDTA·2Na (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt) under visible light irradiation (≥400 nm) was achieved.
Reframing: A therapeutic technique in group counseling

Abstract Reframing is a therapeutic technique that assists individuals in broadening restricted perspectives. As a semantic aspect of interpretation, reframing provides alternative meaning to group member experiences and problems, which enhances the potential for constructive behavior change. Systemic and solution-focused conceptualizations are pertinent to the interpersonal context of counseling groups. Reframing may affect group dynamics at the systems levels of individual members, subgroups of participants, and the group as a whole. Guidelines for the use of reframing in group counseling include how to strategically formulate and process the technique. Each group member is a potential provider of new and different meanings, and various examples from diverse counseling groups demonstrate the range of applications of reframing. SUMMARY Reframing as a counseling technique provides an alternative perspective relating to the perceptions of individuals in group counseling. If a constructive reframe is assimi.
The Prospects of a Virtual Sex Education: A Review

The media act as a powerful tool in shaping and affecting adolescents' health-related and sexuality education. While there has been much research into the potential impacts it has on adolescent's sexual knowledge, attitudes, and behavior, there have been only a handful studies exploring the media as a methodological intervening tool towards an effective sexuality education. This review outlines some of the related research in the field. It uncovers the need and potential for future research toward developing a theory and assessment tool for exploring the possibilities of a virtual sexuality education.
Effect of high pressure homogenisation of milk on cheese yield and microbiology, lipolysis and proteolysis during ripening of Caciotta cheese

The principal aim of this work was to compare Caciotta cheeses obtained from cow milk previously subjected to high pressure homogenisation (HPH) at 100 MPa with those produced from raw (R) or heat-treated (P) cow milk. HPH had both direct and indirect effects on cheese characteristics and their evolution during ripening. In particular, HPH treatment of milk induced a significant increase of the cheese yield; moreover, it affected the microbial ecology of both curd and cheese. Compared with the thermal treatment, the HPH treatment resulted in a decrease of about one log cfu/g of yeast and lactobacilli cell loads of the curd. The initial milk treatment also affected the evolution over time and the levels attained at the end of ripening of all the microbial groups studied. In fact, lactobacilli, microstaphylococci and yeast cell loads remained at lower levels in the cheeses obtained from HPH milk with respect to the other cheese types over the whole ripening period. Moreover, HPH of milk induced marked and extensive lipolysis. Cheeses from HPH milk showed the presence of high amounts of free fatty acids immediately after brining. The electrophoretic patterns of the different cheese types showed that Caciotta made from HPH-treated milk was characterized by a more extensive and faster proteolysis as well as a significant modification of its volatile molecule profile. The results obtained and the sensory analysis indicated that HPH treatment of milk was able to differentiate Caciotta cheese or to modify its ripening patterns.
Association of IL‐37 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to tuberculosis in Saudi subjects

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide. IL‐37, a novel member of the IL‐1 family, has anti‐inflammatory activity. Various cytokine genes polymorphisms are reportedly associated with susceptibility to TB infection. However, an association between genetic variations in the IL‐37 gene and susceptibility to TB infection has not been investigated. The aim of this case‐control study was therefore to identify such an association in Saudi subjects, in which five single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL‐37 gene were assessed. Serum concentrations of IL‐37 were evaluated using ELISA, and genetic variants genotyped by multiplex PCR and ligase detection reaction. It was found that the C/C genotype of rs2723176 (–6962 A/C) occurs significantly more frequently in patients with active TB and that the C allele of this SNP is associated with TB. In addition, the C allele of rs2723176 SNP was associated with high circulating concentrations of IL‐37. However, the genotype and allele frequency of the other four SNPs (rs3811046, rs3811047, rs2723186 and rs2723187) were not significantly associated with TB infection. In conclusion, the present data suggest that rs2723176 SNP of IL‐37 is involved in the development of TB infection. Furthermore, high circulating concentrations of IL‐37 may have a negative effect on protective immunity against TB infection.
Evaluation of preservative fluid for urine collected for culture

Immediate culture or refrigeration of urine is recommended, but not always practical. Therefore, we evaluated the Becton-Dickinson Urine Culture Kit containing a boric acid-glycerol-sodium formate preservative in a study of 1,000 clinical urine specimens. Each specimen was cultured a total of four times by the surface streak technique with a 0.001-ml calibrated loop. After an initial reference culture (culture 1), a portion of urine was poured into a clean nonsterile paper cup, aspirated into a urine transport tube, and recultured immediately (culture 2). The original specimen cup was refrigerated for 18 to 24 h (culture 3), and the urine transport tube was held at room temperature for 18 to 24 h (culture 4) before repeat cultures. Eighty-eight of the initial reference cultures were positive (pure growth of greater than 10(5) bacteria per ml). Eighty-two (93.2%) of the 88 specimens positive on the reference culture were also positive after refrigeration or holding at room temperature in the transport tube for 24 h. There was one false-positive culture from refrigerated urine but none from the transport tube. Mixing of urine in a nonsterile container did not introduce detectable contamination. We conclude that the Becton-Dickinson Urine Culture Kit maintains a stable bacterial population in urine for up to 24 h as reliably as refrigeration. Urine for culture may be collected in a nonsterile container if it is immediately aspirated into the transport tube so that contaminants are not allowed to multiply.
Undecidability of Topological and Arithmetical Properties of Infinitary Rational Relations

We prove that for every countable ordinal a one cannot decide whether a given infinitary rational relation is in the Borel class Σ 0 α (respectively Π 0 α). Furthermore one cannot decide whether a given infinitary rational relation is a Borel set or a Σ 1 1-complete set. We prove some recursive analogues to these properties. In particular one cannot decide whether an infinitary rational relation is an arithmetical set. We then deduce from the proof of these results some other ones, like: one cannot decide whether the complement of an infinitary rational relation is also an infinitary rational relation.
Environmental Awareness and Attitudes of Student Teachers: An Empirical Research

The purpose of the study is to assess the awareness and attitudes of student teachers in Turkey. The relationship between the student teachers' attitudes and their gender, academic major, grade level, geographical region and socioeconomic status (level of family income, their parents' education level and occupation, residence) was evaluated with an instrument developed by the researcher. The present descriptive study was carried out at the University of Adıyaman in Turkey, Faculty of Education on 830 Subjects. A 30-item Likert-type questionnaire containing four dimensions (awareness of environmental issues-AEI, awareness of individual responsibility-AIR, general attitudes towards environmental problems-GAEP and general attitudes towards environmental solutions-GAES) was developed to measure student teachers' environmental attitudes by the researcher. Results of T-test and ANOVA showed that the female elementary student teachers in the last year of an instruction programme who have less than three brothers and sisters with high socioeconomic level (student teachers' income level of family, father's job and education, mother's job, living residence) living in Marmara Region had more positive attitudes towards the four dimensions of environmental attitude than the other student teachers.
Selective etching of metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes with hydrogen plasma

We present Raman scattering and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) measurements on hydrogen plasma etched single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Interestingly, both the STM and Raman spectroscopy show that the metallic SWNTs are dramatically altered and highly defected by the plasma treatment. In addition, structural characterizations show that metal catalysts are detached from the ends of the SWNT bundles. For semiconducting SWNTs we observe no feature of defects or etching along the nanotubes. Raman spectra in the radial breathing mode region of plasma-treated SWNT material show that most of the tubes are semiconducting. These results show that hydrogen plasma treatment favours etching of metallic nanotubes over semiconducting ones and therefore could be used to tailor the electronic properties of SWNT raw materials.
Classroom Critiques: Transforming Conformity into Creativity

North American higher education finds itself on the horns of a dilemma. On the one hand, it accepts droves of freshmen who equate learning with rote memorization and who correlate achievement with the ability to pass narrowly focused standardized tests. On the other hand, it is expected to contribute to the country's cultural and economic vibrancy by graduating engaged citizens and creative professionals. After contextualizing its desirability and the support for its efficacy, this paper discusses how one pedagogical technique - the classroom critique - can help higher education to resolve the discrepancy between the improperly prepared student and the excellence a college education is expected to impart. The author suggests that this neo-Socratic method can not only help to correct previous educational deficiencies but can also nurture the civic and creative skills necessary to a democratic society and required by a competitive business community.
Improvement of Work Ability, Quality of Life, and Fatigue in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated With Adalimumab

Objective: To assess the effect of 12-month treatment with adalimumab on work ability, quality of life, and fatigue in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: One hundred twenty-six patients with active RA started treatment with adalimumab. Primary outcome measurements were work ability, assessed by the first item of the Work Ability Index, quality of life, assessed by the Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life (RAQoL) instrument, and fatigue, assessed by the Checklist Individual Strength and the Need for Recovery after work Scale. Results: All primary outcome measurements showed a significant improvement. The largest improvement for all outcome measurements was gained in the first 6 months of treatment and was sustained over the following 6 months. Conclusion: Adalimumab improves patient reported outcomes in addition to improving disease activity in established RA.
‘I could do with a pair of wings’: perspectives on physical activity, bodies and health from young Australian children

There is little research that reports children's perspectives on physical activity, bodies and health. This paper, drawn from a larger multi-method study on physical activity in the lives of seven- and eight-year-old Australian children, attempts to ‘give a voice’ to 13 children's views. Interviews focused on children's activity preferences and related decision making and motivations pertaining to these activities, as well as how they thought about the relationships between physical activity, health and their bodies. Data suggest some tensions surrounding the importance of fun for children alongside their awareness of ‘healthist’ discourses that require self-monitoring and improvement.