Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
KohonAnts - A Self-Organizing Ant Algorithm for Clustering and Pattern Classification

In this paper we introduce a new ant-based method that takes advantage of the cooperative self-organization of Ant Colony Systems to create a naturally inspired clustering and pattern recognition method. The approach considers each data item as an ant, which moves inside a grid changing the cells it goes through, in a fashion similar to Kohonen’s Self-Organizing Maps. The resulting algorithm is conceptually more simple, takes less free parameters than other ant-based clustering algorithms, and, after some parameter tuning, yields very good results on some benchmark problems.
Approaches to Learning by Students in the Biological Sciences: Implications for teaching

This study is an investigation of the epistemological beliefs and study habits of students undertaking first‐year courses in Biological Chemistry and Biochemistry. In particular, we were interested in the relationship between students’ epistemological beliefs about learning and knowledge, approaches to learning, and achievement. The study adopted a mixed‐methods approach in which quantitative and qualitative data have provided complementary insights into the beliefs and approaches adopted by these students. Our findings indicate that most students tend to adopt beliefs that knowledge and learning involves the accumulation of information and the capacity to reproduce on demand in examinations. Approaches to learning reflect these beliefs and are dominated by rote learning and preference for assessment by examination. Few students adopt strategies that emphasise the relationship of concepts to those already learnt or to applications relevant to biological science. Implications of this study for reform of university teaching practices as well as secondary practices are discussed.
Writer visibility in EFL learner academic writing: A corpus-based study

This study examines the degree of writer/reader visibility in argumentative academic essays written by university-level Japanese learners. Previous studies by Petch-Tyson (1998) and Cobb (2003) concluded that non-native English speaker writing contains far more personal involvement than equivalent native English speaker writing and tends to resemble spoken language as a result. Echoing the findings of these previous studies, this study’s findings show that academic essays written by Japanese learners contain far more writer/reader visibility features than similar native English speaker writing. In addition to these quantitative differences are several important qualitative differences that distinguish writer visibility in academic writing produced by native and nonnative English speakers.
Turn around to have a look? Spatial referencing in dorsal vs. frontal settings in cross-linguistic comparison

When referring to an object in relation to another, speakers of many languages can adopt a relative frame of reference (FoR). Following Levinson (2003), this kind of FoR can be established by projecting an observer's perspective onto the ground object either by translation, reflection, or rotation. So far, research on spatial FoRs has largely ignored the extent of variation in which of these projections are preferred generally, and specifically what kind of FoR is established for spatial arrays in one's back. This may seem justified by assumptions on “natural” preferences: for reflection in frontal settings (Canonical Encounter Hypothesis), and for converting dorsal into frontal situations by a turn of the observer before a reference is made (Turn Hypothesis). We scrutinize these assumptions by comparing the FoRs adopted for small-scale, static spatial arrays by speakers of four languages (German, US-English, Mandarin Chinese, and Tongan). Addressing the problem of inherent ambiguities on the item level when assessing FoRs from spatial prepositions, we use a multinomial processing tree (MPT) model for estimating probabilities of referencing strategies across sets of items. Substantial differences in frontal settings, both between and within languages, disprove the Canonical Encounter Hypothesis—translation occurs as frequently as reflection across samples. In dorsal settings, in contrast, the same type of response dominates in all samples. We suggest that this response is produced by a backward projection of the observer's coordinate system in correspondence with the two main FoR preferences for frontal settings. However, none of these strategies involves a turn of the observer, thus also disproving the Turn Hypothesis. In conclusion, we discuss possible causes of the observed variability, explore links between the domains of space and time, and reflect the relation between language, communication, and culture.
In Situ Growth Rates and Biofilm Development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Populations in Chronic Lung Infections

ABSTRACT The growth dynamics of bacterial pathogens within infected hosts are a fundamental but poorly understood feature of most infections. We have focused on the in situ distribution and growth characteristics of two prevailing and transmissible Pseudomonas aeruginosa clones that have caused chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients for more than 20 years. We used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) directly on sputum specimens to examine the spatial distribution of the infecting P. aeruginosa cells. Mucoid variants were present in sputum as cell clusters surrounded by an extracellular matrix, whereas nonmucoid variants were present mainly as dispersed cells. To obtain estimates of the growth rates of P. aeruginosa in CF lungs, we used quantitative FISH to indirectly measure growth rates of bacteria in sputum samples (reflecting the in vivo lung conditions). The concentration of rRNA in bacteria isolated from sputa was measured and correlated with the rRNA contents of the same bacteria growing in vitro at defined rates. The results showed that most cells were actively growing with doubling times of between 100 and 200 min, with some growing even faster. Only a small stationary-phase subpopulation seemed to be present in sputa. This was found for both mucoid and nonmucoid variants despite their different organizations in sputum. The results suggest that the bacterial population may be confronted with selection forces that favor optimized growth activities. This scenario constitutes a new perspective on the adaptation and evolution of P. aeruginosa during chronic infections in CF patients in particular and on long-term infections in general.
Pulmonary Cryptococcosis: CT and Pathologic Findings

Purpose The purpose of this work was to describe the CT and pathologic findings of pulmonary cryptococcosis. Method CT scans of 11 patients (7 immunocompromised, 4 immunocompetent) with proven pulmonary cryptococcosis were analyzed for number, morphologic characteristics, and distribution of parenchymal abnormalities as well for presence of lymphadenopathy and pleural effusion. Pathology of lung specimens obtained by open biopsy or resection (n = 5) and transbronchial biopsy (n = 1) was reviewed by one dedicated pulmonary pathologist. Results Pulmonary nodules, either solitary or multiple, were the most common CT finding, present in 10 of 11 patients (91%); associated findings included masses (n = 4), CT halo sign (n = 3), and consolidation (n = 2). On histologic examination, focal areas of ground-glass attenuation surrounding or adjacent to nodules were found to represent airspace collections of macrophages and proteinaceous fluid. Conclusion Pulmonary cryptococcosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of solitary or multiple pulmonary nodules (with or without associated CT halo sign), particularly in immunocompromised patients.
The evolution of institutional economics : agency, structure and Darwinism in American institutionalism

Part 1: Introduction 1. Nature and Scope 2. Agency and Structure 3. Objections and Explorations Part 2: Charles Darwin and the Historian of Social Sciences 4. Charles Darwin, Herbert Spencer and the Human Species 5. Precursors of Emergence and Multiple Level Selection Theory Part 3: Veblenian Institutionalism 6. The Beginnings of Veblenian Institutionalism 7. Thorstein Veblen and Post-Darwinian Social Science 8. Veblen's Evolutionary Institutionalism 9. The Instinct of Workmanship and the Pecuniary Culture 10. A Wrong Turn: Science and the Machine Process 11. Missed Connections: Creative Synthesis and Emergent Evolution 12. The Launch of Institutional Economics and the Loss of its Veblenian Ballast Part 4: Four Institutionalist Journeys 13. John R. Commons and the Tangled Jungle 14. Wesley Mitchell and the Rebirth of Macroeconomics 15. Frank Knight as an Institutionalist Economist 16. The Evolution of Clarence Ayres 17. The Ayresian Dichotomies: Veblen Versus Ayres 18. The Decline of Institutional Economics Part 5: Reconstructing Institutional Economics 19. The Potential Revival of Veblenian Institutionalism 20. Elements of a Research Agenda for Institutional Economic Theory
THE ANATOMY OF THE ARTERIAL SUPPLY TO THE CRANIAL REGIONS OF THE SHEEP AND OX.

By means of neoprene latex injected preparations, the anatomy of the arterial supply to the brain has been determined in the sheep and ox. In these two ruminant species, blood destined for the Circle of Willis and thence the brain must first pass through a well-developed intra-cranial carotid rete. The main source of blood supply to the carotid rete in the sheep is from the external carotid artery, via branches of the internal maxillary artery. In both the sheep and the ox, the internal carotid artery is poorly developed in the young animal and the portion proximal to the carotid rete is absent in the adult. The internal carotid artery, in animals of all ages, can be traced through the rete to emerge as the efferent vessel, which divides to form the Circle of Willis. In the ox, the main source of blood supply to the intra-cranial carotid rete is the external carotid artery, via branches of the internal maxillary, but, in addition, the rete communicates directly with the vertebral arteries by way of the basi-occipital arterial plexus. Unlike most other species, the basilar artery in both sheep and ox has only tenuous connections with the vertebrals. In both species, the basilar artery tapers caudally and is continued as the ventral spinal artery. The basilar can therefore be regarded as a caudally directed branch of the Circle of Willis in both these animals. A well-developed occipito-vertebral anastomosis is a marked feature of the cephalic circulation in both sheep and ox.
Cerebral venous thrombosis in a patient with Crohn's disease

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an elevated risk of venous thromboembolism compared with the general population. The most common sites of venous thromboembolism in IBD patients are the deep veins of the legs, the pulmonary system, and portal and mesenteric veins. However, cerebral venous thrombosis is rarely associated with IBD. This report describes a case of cerebral venous thrombosis in a patient with Crohn's disease. A 17-year-old girl, diagnosed 4 years earlier with Crohn's disease, presented with headache and vomiting. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with venography showed venous thrombosis in the cortical veins, superior sagittal sinus, right transverse sinus, and right internal jugular vein. The patient immediately started anticoagulation therapy with intravenous heparin infusion followed by daily oral rivaroxaban 10 mg. Follow-up imaging after 2 weeks showed resolution of the thrombosis, with recanalization of the cortical veins, superior sagittal sinus, right transverse sinus, and right internal jugular vein. She continued rivaroxaban therapy for 6 months, and remained well, without neurologic sequelae. A high level of concern for cerebral venous thrombosis may be important when treating active IBD patients, because anticoagulation treatment can prevent fatal complications.
RGD-Binding Integrins in Prostate Cancer: Expression Patterns and Therapeutic Prospects against Bone Metastasis

Prostate cancer is the third leading cause of male cancer deaths in the developed world. The current lack of highly specific detection methods and efficient therapeutic agents for advanced disease have been identified as problems requiring further research. The integrins play a vital role in the cross-talk between the cell and extracellular matrix, enhancing the growth, migration, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Progression and metastasis of prostate adenocarcinoma is strongly associated with changes in integrin expression, notably abnormal expression and activation of the β3 integrins in tumour cells, which promotes haematogenous spread and tumour growth in bone. As such, influencing integrin cell expression and function using targeted therapeutics represents a potential treatment for bone metastasis, the most common and debilitating complication of advanced prostate cancer. In this review, we highlight the multiple ways in which RGD-binding integrins contribute to prostate cancer progression and metastasis, and identify the rationale for development of multi-integrin antagonists targeting the RGD-binding subfamily as molecularly targeted agents for its treatment.
First results in QCD with 2+1 light flavors using the fixed-point action

is quite small in our simulation we are in the delta regime for the two lightﬂavors where the low lying excitations are described by a qua ntum mechanical rotator. From herewe extract the low energy constant F. We also measure the AWI mass and present results onnumerical issues like low-mode averaging and autocorrelation times.XXIVth International Symposium on Lattice Field TheoryJuly 23-28, 2006Tucson, Arizona, USA
Testosterone, aggression, and territoriality in male Western Screech-owls ( Otus kennicottii ): results from preliminary experiments

Using a hormone implant protocol, we created treatment groups in which circulating levels of testosterone (T) were increased, decreased, or maintained at normal levels (controls) in male Western Screech-owls (Otus kennicottii). Owls were exposed to tape-recorded vocalizations of a conspecific, to which territory holders responded with aggression. Several measures of the intensity of aggression (e.g., approach and vocal behavior) provided the basis for comparisons among treatment groups. Exogenous T elicited increased aggression during the breeding and nonbreeding seasons. Although male owls remained sensitive to exogenous T during the nonbreeding season, aggression also occurred in the absence of circulating T at this time.
Why some spatial semantic categories are harder to learn than others: The typological prevalence hypothesis

F or me (Dedre) Dan has been a protean figure. 1 first met him when I was a graduate student at the University of California, San Diego and he was a young professor at Berkeley. He was brilliant, charismatic, and compelling, yet at times engagingly shy. We stayed connected through a circle of friends centered in Nijmegen and the Bay Area, a group united by a passion for psychoIogically juicy theories of language acquisition and for crosslinguistic approaches-both signature positions of Dan's throughout his career. This has led to a many shared quests, and, ultimately, to deep bonds of friendship and respect. Dan and I (Melissa) fledged in the same academic nest at Harvard and were influenced by many of the same mentors, prime among them Roger Brown, but also Bruner, Miller, and Lenneberg. But Dan was there just before me, and had already finished and gone to Berkeley the year I arrived. Although I met him when he came back for a visit, I did not really get acquainted until I participated in his course at the fanious 1968 U. C. Berkeley summer school, "Language, Society, and the Child. " I remember worrying about how to address him-could 1 presume to call him "Dan"? Now after years of friendship this makes me laugh, because Dan was then only 29 years old! But such was already his influence and natural authority. Down the years, Dan and I saw each other often-in Berkeley (conveniently, my home town), at the Max Planck Institute, and at conferences around the world. Language acquisition, of course, was often the focus of our discussions and sometimes heated
Comprehensive Textbook of Suicidology

Contents. Foundations of Suicidology. Introduction to the Study of Suicide. The Theoretical Component in Suicidology. The Empirical Foundations of Suicidology. A Historical Perspective on Suicide, van Hooff. Part II. Sociodemographic and Epidemiologic Issues. Age and the Lifespan, with Nisbet. Suicide, Gender, and Sexuality. Racial, Ethnic, and Cultural Aspects of Suicide. Work and the Economy, Stack. Marriage, Family, Family Therapy, and Suicide, Bongar, Goldberg, Cleary, and Brown. The Social Relations of Suicides. Suicide Notes and Communications. Suicide Attempts and Methods. Part III. Medical and Psychiatric Issues. Psychitric Diagnoses and Suicidal Acts, Tanney. Physical Illness and Suicide, with Goldblatt. Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Suicide, Lester. The Biology of Suicide. Aggression, Violence, and Suicide, Plutchik. Part IV. Indirect Self-Destruction, Ethics, and the Law. Indirect Self-Destructive Behavior, with Farberow. Ethical, Religious, and Philosophical Issues in Suicide. Suicide and the Law. Part V. Treatment and Prevention. Treatment and Prevention of Suicide. Treatment and Prevention of Suicide. In the Wake of Suicide: Survivorship and Postvention, Jobes, Luoma, Hustead, and Mann.
Disrupting Autophagy Restores Peroxisome Function to an Arabidopsis lon2 Mutant and Reveals a Role for the LON2 Protease in Peroxisomal Matrix Protein Degradation[C][W]

This study describes a screen for suppressors of peroxisomal defects that result from a dysfunctional peroxisomal protease in Arabidopsis and reveals that plant peroxisomes can be targeted by autophagy (pexophagy). Peroxisomes house critical metabolic reactions that are essential for seedling development. As seedlings mature, metabolic requirements change, and peroxisomal contents are remodeled. The resident peroxisomal protease LON2 is positioned to degrade obsolete or damaged peroxisomal proteins, but data supporting such a role in plants have remained elusive. Arabidopsis thaliana lon2 mutants display defects in peroxisomal metabolism and matrix protein import but appear to degrade matrix proteins normally. To elucidate LON2 functions, we executed a forward-genetic screen for lon2 suppressors, which revealed multiple mutations in key autophagy genes. Disabling core autophagy-related gene (ATG) products prevents autophagy, a process through which cytosolic constituents, including organelles, can be targeted for vacuolar degradation. We found that atg2, atg3, and atg7 mutations suppressed lon2 defects in auxin metabolism and matrix protein processing and rescued the abnormally large size and small number of lon2 peroxisomes. Moreover, analysis of lon2 atg mutants uncovered an apparent role for LON2 in matrix protein turnover. Our data suggest that LON2 facilitates matrix protein degradation during peroxisome content remodeling, provide evidence for the existence of pexophagy in plants, and indicate that peroxisome destruction via autophagy is enhanced when LON2 is absent.
On the effective temperature scale of O stars

We rediscuss the temperature of O dwarfs based on new non-LTE line blanketed atmosphere models including stellar winds computed with the CMFGEN code of Hillier & Miller ([CITE]). Compared to the latest calibration of Vacca et al. ([CITE]), the inclusion of line blanketing leads to lower effective temperatures, typically by ~4000 to 1500 K for O3 to O9.5 dwarf stars. The dependence of the $T_{\mathrm{eff}}$–scale on stellar and model parameters – such as mass loss, microturbulence, and metallicity – is explored, and model predictions are compared to optical observations of O stars. Even for an SMC metallicity we find a non-negligible effect of line blanketing on the $T_{\mathrm{eff}}$–scale. The temperature reduction implies downward revisions of luminosities by ~0.1 dex and Lyman continuum fluxes Q 0 by approximately 40% for dwarfs of a given spectral type.
Thermal accumulation and tracking failure process of BN-filler epoxy-matrix composite

Epoxy Resin is widely used for insulation in electric devices, in spite of its weak ability of thermal conduction. One approach to obtain a higher thermal conductivity is to introduce inorganic fillers which have high thermal conductivity. The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of boron nitride (BN) particles on thermal breakdown tracking process. In this paper, epoxy samples with BN particles were prepared with different weight ratios. In order to investigate the relationship between thermal accumulation and tracking failure process, tracking failure process under different frequency of pulse discharge was investigated by an infrared thermal imager from the front and back side. Obtained results showed that with increasing the concentration of BN particles, the time to tracking failure increased. The added BN fillers have a very significant inhibitory effect on thermal accumulation. The improvement of thermal conduction plays an important role in the results of tracking failure. High frequency discharges are more likely to cause the thermal accumulation, which is unfavorable to the reliability of materials. It is concluded that the tracking failure performance could be improved by reducing the thermal accumulation.
Big data caching for networking: moving from cloud to edge

In order to cope with the relentless data tsunami in 5G wireless networks, current approaches such as acquiring new spectrum, deploying more BSs, and increasing nodes in mobile packet core networks are becoming ineffective in terms of scalability, cost and flexibility. In this regard, context- aware 5G networks with edge/cloud computing and exploitation of big data analytics can yield significant gains for mobile operators. In this article, proactive content caching in 5G wireless networks is investigated in which a big-data-enabled architecture is proposed. In this practical architecture, a vast amount of data is harnessed for content popularity estimation, and strategic contents are cached at BSs to achieve higher user satisfaction and backhaul offloading. To validate the proposed solution, we consider a real-world case study where several hours worth of mobile data traffic is collected from a major telecom operator in Turkey, and big-data-enabled analysis is carried out, leveraging tools from machine learning. Based on the available information and storage capacity, numerical studies show that several gains are achieved in terms of both user satisfaction and backhaul offloading. For example, in the case of 16 BSs with 30 percent of content ratings and 13 GB storage size (78 percent of total library size), proactive caching yields 100 percent user satisfaction and offloads 98 percent of the backhaul.
The Epidemic of Rape and Child Sexual Abuse in the United States

Introduction From Revolution to Backlash PART ONE: THE SCOPE OF RAPE Rape Laws and Prevalence Research Russell's Survey on the Incidence and Prevalence of Rape in San Francisco Rapes Reported to the Police A Comparison of the FBI's and Russell's Data The Federal Government's Estimates of the Incidence of Rape The Prevalence of Rape Other Representative Samples - Part 1 The Prevalence of Rape Other Representative Samples - Part 2 Is the Rape Rate Really Decreasing Trends in Rape Rates over Time PART TWO: THE SCOPE OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE Child Sexual Abuse, the Law, and Researcher's Definitions The Incidence of Child Sexual Abuse Russell's Survey on the Prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse in San Francisco The Prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse Other Representative Samples - Part 1 The Prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse Other Representative Samples - Part 2 Comparisons of Child Sexual Abuse Prevalence Rates The Epidemic of Child Rape Reality and New Myth PART THREE: CONCLUSION The Backlash - Diana E H Russell Feminists Blamed for Creating a Phantom Epidemic of Rape and Child Sexual Abuse The Epidemic of Rape and Child Sexual Abuse A National Emergency