Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of perceived quality of service for applications on IPv6 networks

To provide high quality service to future Internet applications, IPv6 performance measurements are needed. However, to the best of our knowledge, IPv6 delay and loss performance evolution and their impact on applications have not been studied on a large scale. In this paper, we have analyzed more than 600 end-to-end IPv6 paths between about 26 testboxes of RIPE NCC over the past two years, and compared the delay and loss performance evolution in IPv6 with their IPv4 counterparts. We present and discuss the measurement methodology, and we provide evidence that IPv6 network has a higher delay and loss evolution than IPv4. Finally, based upon our measurements, we assess the perceived quality of three real-life applications: VoIP, Video-over-IP and data communication services based upon TCP
The host in blue compact galaxies. - Structural properties and scaling relations

Aims. We characterise the underlying stellar host in a sample of 20 blue compact galaxies (BCGs), by fitting their two-dimensional light distributions. Their derived host structural parameters and those of eight other BCGs already obtained in a previous paper are related to galaxy properties, such as colours and gas content. These properties are also compared with those of other galaxy types. Methods. The structural parameters of the host were derived by fitting a two-dimensional PSF-convolved Sersic model to deep optical images in several bandpasses (B, V, R, I). We followed a fitting technique that consists in the accurate masking-out of the star-forming regions in several steps. Results. All the BCG hosts but one show low Sersic indexes (0.5 ≤ n ≤ 2), with mean effective radius = 1.11 ± 0.74 kpc and mean surface brightness = 22.59 ± 0.68 mag arcsec ―2 . Host effective radii scale linearly with their luminosity, while n and μ e do not. In addition, host colours and structural parameters are not linearly correlated. Overall, the flux enhancement caused by the starburst is about 0.8 mag, while their B - R colours decrease by about 0.2 mag. Galaxies with more luminous and extended hosts show larger and luminous starburst components, whereas the relative strength of the burst (L burst/ L host ) does not show any significant dependence on the host luminosity (or mass). While hosts show B - R = 0.95 ± 0.26 in median, galaxies with redder hosts ((B - R) = 1.29 ± 0.10) and with bluer hosts ((B - R) = 0.66 ± 0.10) are distinguished among the more and less luminous systems, respectively. Overall, BCG hosts are more compact (by a factor ∼2) and have higher central surface brightnesses (by about ∼2 mag) than dIs and most dEs. BCG hosts and isolated dIs are indistinguishable in the B-band Tully-Fisher relation (TFR). We found that about 50-60% of the galaxies are more underluminous than those late-type discs with the same circular velocity. This feature is more important when luminosities are converted into stellar masses, while it tends to diminish when the HI gas mass is added. Deviations among host masses for a given circular velocity from the stellar TFR correlate with their HI mass-to-luminosity ratio (M HI /L B ), whereas deviations from the gas+stellar TFR do not. Overall, our findings suggest that the baryonic mass in BCGs tends to normal values, but BCGs tend to be inefficient by producing stars, especially toward the low-mass, gas-rich, and bluest hosts, in a similar way to dIs.
EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION: AN OVERVIEW AMONG USERS.

BACKGROUND Emergency contraception Pills (ECP) provides a safe and effective means of post coital treatment and prevents at least 75% of expected pregnancies resulting from unprotected intercourse. The purpose of the study was to assess the awareness regarding emergency contraception and to see the knowledge attitude and preference about emergency contraception. METHODS This was a descriptive cross sectional study carried out at Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Khuzdar. A total of 200 married women of reproductive age group who agreed to participate in the study were interviewed using a self-reported comprehensive, structured closed ended questionnaire. RESULTS 77% of the women were practicing some contraceptive method at the time of study. Most were using condoms for contraception. 16% of all respondents have never used any contraceptive in their life. 70% believe that religion of Islam is not a barrier in family planning. Only 7.5% of the women were aware about ECP. CONCLUSION Knowledge about ECP is poor among the women of child bearing age. There is a room for improvement regarding the awareness and use of ECP which can contribute to prevention of unwanted pregnancies.
Assessment of the occurrence of indirect self-destructiveness in people diagnosed with depressive and anxiety disorders

Aim: Self-destructiveness involves behaviours whose likely negative effect is mediated by additional factors, and the relationship between behaviour and damage is perceived as probable. The main objective of the research is to evaluate the behaviour of indirect self-destructiveness in patients with symptoms of anxiety and/or depression (compared to the persons without mental disorders-control group). Material and method: Clinical group included 40 patients of the Department of Adult Psychiatry at the Medical University of Lodz – people reporting symptoms of anxiety and/or depressed mood. The control group consisted of people without mental disorders. Polish version of Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale (CS-DS) adapted by Suchanska and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – Modified (HADS-M) by Snaith and Zigmond were used. The survey aimed at collecting sociodemographic data. Results: Differences were noticed between the clinical and control group in the following indirect autodestructive behaviours: Poor Health Maintenance, Lack of Planfulness, Personal and Social Neglects, Helplessness and Passiveness. Behaviours in all of those areas were more frequent in the clinical group. There were no significant differences noticed between groups in terms of: Transgression and Risk, alcohol use and smoking. Conclusions: Anxiety and depressive disorders promotes occurring of indirect self destructive behaviours.
Analysis of bit error rates for multiple access CSK and DCSK communication systems

In this paper, multiple-access techniques for use with chaos shift keying (CSK) and differential CSK under noisy conditions are analyzed using a discrete-time approach. A mixed analysis-simulation technique is developed to calculate the bit error rates (BERs). When certain assumptions are made, closed-form analytical expressions of the BERs are found.
CHANGES IN PROTOPLASMIC CONSISTENCY AND THEIR RELATION TO CELL DIVISION

1. The development of the amphiaster is associated with the formation of two semisolid masses within the more fluid egg substance. 2. The elongation of the egg during cleavage is possibly produced as a consequence of the mutual pressure of these two growing semisolid masses. 3. The division of the egg into two blastomeres consists essentially in a growth, within the egg, of two masses of material at the expense of the surrounding cytoplasm. When all the cytoplasm of the egg is incorporated in these two masses cleavage occurs. 4. After a certain period of time the semisolid masses revert to a more fluid state. In the eggs studied this normally occurs after the cleavage furrow has completed the separation of the two blastomeres. The formation of the furrow, however, may be prevented in various ways, upon which the egg reverts to a single spherical semifluid mass containing two nuclei. 5. An egg mutilated during its semisolid state (amphiaster stage) may or may not revert to a more fluid state. If the more solid state is maintained, the cleavage furrow persists and proceeds till cleavage is completed. If the mutilation causes the egg to revert to the more fluid state the furrow becomes obliterated and a new cleavage plane is subsequently adopted. 6. The nuclei of eggs in the semifluid state are able to alter their positions. In semifluid mutilated eggs the nuclei tend to move to positions which may assure symmetry in aster formation and cleavage.
Evaluation of exposure to pioglitazone and risk of prostate cancer: a nested case–control study

Objectives Investigate potential association between pioglitazone exposure and risk of prostate cancer. Research design and methods Nested, matched case–control study. UK primary care data (Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD) linked to inpatient (Hospital Episode Statistics (HES)) and cancer registry (National Cancer Information Network (NCIN)) data. English men aged ≥40 years diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, January 1, 2001 to January 5, 2015. Cases, with prostate cancer diagnosis, matched with up to 4 controls by age, cohort entry date and region. ORs for association of exposure to pioglitazone to incident prostate cancer, adjusted for potential confounders. Results From a cohort of 47 772 men with 243 923 person-years follow-up, 756 definite cases of prostate cancer were identified. Incidence was 309.9/100 000 person-years (95% CI 288.6 to 332.8). Pioglitazone use was not associated with prostate cancer risk; adjusted OR 0.759, 95% CI 0.502 to 1.148. Analyses showed no difference when possible cases, prostate cancer in CPRD GOLD only, included (adjusted OR 0.726, 95% CI 0.510 to 1.034). No association when adjusted for channeling bias (OR 0.778, 95% CI 0.511 to 1.184) or limited to an index date prior to July 1, 2011 (adjusted OR 0.508, 95% CI 0.294 to 0.879), despite prostate-specific antigen screening occurring more frequently among cases than controls (81.6% of 756 definite cases cf. 24.2% of 2942 controls (p<0.01)). No association with duration of pioglitazone use, increasing pioglitazone dose or increasing time since initiation. Conclusions In this real-world, nested matched case–control study, exposure to pioglitazone was not associated with increased risk of prostate cancer.
Bardet–Biedl syndrome proteins are required for the localization of G protein-coupled receptors to primary cilia

Primary cilia are ubiquitous cellular appendages that provide important yet not well understood sensory and signaling functions. Ciliary dysfunction underlies numerous human genetic disorders. However, the precise defects in cilia function and the basis of disease pathophysiology remain unclear. Here, we report that the proteins disrupted in the human ciliary disorder Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) are required for the localization of G protein-coupled receptors to primary cilia on central neurons. We demonstrate a lack of ciliary localization of somatostatin receptor type 3 (Sstr3) and melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (Mchr1) in neurons from mice lacking the Bbs2 or Bbs4 gene. Because Mchr1 is involved in the regulation of feeding behavior and BBS is associated with hyperphagia-induced obesity, our results suggest that altered signaling caused by mislocalization of ciliary signaling proteins underlies the BBS phenotypes. Our results also provide a potential molecular mechanism to link cilia defects with obesity.
Improvement of Brain Tissue Segmentation Using Information Fusion Approach

The fusion of information is a domain of research in full effervescence these last years. Because of increasing of the diversity techniques of images acquisitions, the applications of medical images segmentation, in which we are interested, necessitate most of the time to carry out the fusion of various data sources to have information with high quality. In this paper we propose a system of data fusion through the framework of the possibility theory adapted for the segmentation of MR images. The fusion process is divided into three steps : fuzzy tissue maps are first computed on all images using Fuzzy C- Means algorithm. Fusion is then achieved for all tissues with a fusion operator. Applications on a brain model show very promising results on simulated data and a great concordance between the true segmentation and the proposed system.
What Makes Us Feel Good or Bad: Mood Induction and Individual Differences in a Job Interview Setting

Affective science calls for methods to induce mood in an engaging and ecologically valid way. We present a method employing a naturally occurring scenario that fits these criteria: a job interview. Participants got positive or negative feedback from a fictive expert to induce positive or negative mood. After mood induction, we assessed participants’ decision making behavior in the so-called information sampling task (IST). Results show that our mood induction successfully changed valence, dominance, and state self-esteem ratings, while there were no differences in arousal ratings. Decision making in the IST was not influenced by the induced mood. Effect sizes of mood induction were equally high for positive and negative mood concerning valence ratings (d = .8) with participants scoring high on self-control showing smaller mood induction effects. We conclude that our mood induction technique is an effective and natural way to induce mood in the laboratory, meeting current criteria of affective science.
Everywhere-Sparse Spanners via Dense Subgraphs

The significant progress in constructing graph spanners that are sparse (small number of edges) or light (low total weight) has skipped spanners that are everywhere-sparse (small maximum degree). This disparity is in line with other network design problems, where the maximum-degree objective has been a notorious technical challenge. Our main result is for the LOWEST DEGREE 2-SPANNER (LD2S) problem, where the goal is to compute a 2-spanner of an input graph so as to minimize the maximum degree. We design a polynomial-time algorithm O̅(Δ3-2√2) ≈ O̅(Δ0.172) achieving approximation factor , where Δ is the maximum degree of the input graph. The previous O̅(Δ1/4)-approximation was proved nearly two decades ago by Kortsarz and Peleg [SODA 1994, SICOMP 1998]. Our main conceptual contribution is to establish a formal connection between LD2S and a variant of the DENSEST k-SUBGRAPH (DkS) problem. Specifically, we design for both problems strong relaxations based on the Sherali-Adams linear programming (LP) hierarchy, and show that “faithful” randomized rounding of the DkS-variant can be used to round LD2S solutions. Our notion of faithfulness intuitively means that all vertices and edges are chosen with probability proportional to their LP value, but the precise formulation is more subtle. Unfortunately, the best algorithms known for DkS use the Lovasz-Schrijver LP hierarchy in a non-faithful way [Bhaskara, Charikar, Chlamtac, Feige, and Vijayaraghavan, STOC 2010]. Our main technical contribution is to overcome this shortcoming, while still matching the gap that arises in random graphs by planting a subgraph with same log-density.
Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the science motivation questionnaire-II: Indonesian version

Objective: To evaluate the cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of students’ motivation by the Science Motivation Questionnaire-II (SMQ-II). Material and Methods: The questionnaire was completed by fourth-year preclinical/clinical dental students who had taken oral medicine. Five components of motivation were assessed: intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, self-determination, grade motivation, and career motivation. Intraclass Correlations (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient were used to measure internal consistency and reliability. Construct validity was analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Results: The response rate was 98.33% (419 eligible students). The ICC of 0.855 for the total score showed excellent reproducibility. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.867 for the total score showed good internal consistency, and the reliability of the scale was 0.923. The partial correlation test showed that the level of lecturers’ and facilitators’ concern about issues during the oral medicine learning process was not a confounding factor (r=0.619; p<0.001). The construct validity using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient showed that the total SMQ-II score was significantly associated with the motivation to learn oral medicine (r=0.625; p<0.001). The discriminant validity using the Mann-Whitney U-test was significant for intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy to discriminate using the global question, and it was significant for self-determination to discriminate using oral medicine grades. Conclusion: This Indonesian SMQ-II version has been cross culturally adapted and has good validity and reliability.
Parametrization of C-shocks. Evolution of the sputtering of grains

Context. The detection of narrow SiO line emission toward the young shocks of the L1448-mm outflow has been interpreted as a signature of the magnetic precursor of C-shocks. In contrast with the low SiO abundances (≤10 -12 ) derived from the ambient gas, the narrow SiO emission in the precursor component at almost ambient velocities reveals enhanced SiO abundances of ∼10 -11 . It has been proposed that this enhancement of the SiO abundance is produced by the sputtering of the grain mantles at the early stages of C-shocks. However, modelling of the sputtering of grains has usually averaged the SiO abundances over the dissipation region of C-shocks, which cannot explain the recent observations. Aims. We model the evolution of the gas-phase abundances of molecules like SiO, CH 3 OH, and H 2 O, produced by the sputtering of the grain mantles and cores as the shock propagates through the ambient gas. We consider different initial gas densities and shock velocities. Methods. We propose a parametric model to describe the physical structure of C-shocks as a function of time. Using the known sputtering yields for water mantles (with other minor constituents like silicon and CH 3 OH) and olivine cores by collisions with H 2 , He, C, O, Si, Fe, and CO, we follow the evolution of the abundances of silicon, CH 3 OH, and H 2 O ejected from grains along the evolution of the shock. Results. The evolution of the abundances of the sputtered silicon, CH 3 OH, and H 2 O shows that CO seems to be the most efficient sputtering agent in low-velocity shocks. The velocity threshold for the sputtering of silicon from the grain mantles is appreciably reduced (by 5-10 kms -1 ) by CO compared to other models. The sputtering by CO can generate SiO abundances of ∼10 -11 at the early stages of low-velocity shocks, consistent with those observed in the magnetic precursor component of L1448-mm. Our model satisfactorily reproduces the progressive enhancement of SiO, CH 3 OH, and H 2 O observed in this outflow, suggesting that this enhancement may be due to the propagation of two shocks with U s = 30 km s -1 and U s = 60 km s -1 coexisting within the same region. Conclusions. Our simple model can be used to estimate the time-dependent evolution of the abundances of molecular shock tracers like SiO, CH 3 OH, H 2 O, or NH 3 in very young molecular outflows.
Synthesis of Intermediate-Mass Elements in Classical Novae: From Si to Ca

Thermonuclear runaways driven by accretion into degenerate white dwarf cores are the source that power classical nova outbursts. In this paper, we identify the dominant nuclear paths involved in the synthesis of intermediate-mass elements, from Si to Ca, during such violent events. New evolutionary sequences of 1.35 M☉ ONe novae have been computed using updated nuclear reaction rates. The main nuclear activity in this region is powered by the leakage from the NeNa-MgAl region, where the activity is confined during the early stages of the explosion. We discuss the critical role played by 30P(p,γ) in the synthesis of nuclear species beyond sulfur and point out the large uncertainty that affects its rate, which has dramatic consequences for studies of nova nucleosynthesis in the Si-Ca mass region.
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of PTSD With a Young Boy and His Mother Following the Experience of Chronic Domestic Violence

This case study follows a 7-year-old boy who presented with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following exposure to domestic violence beginning at a very young age. During evaluation of this young boy’s symptoms, it became evident that his mother also was experiencing symptoms of PTSD. Consequently, treatment for both this young boy and his mother was proposed. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been used widely with both children and adults to treat PTSD. Fortunately, treatments have been tailored for young children (e.g., trauma-focused CBT [TF-CBT]; preschool PTSD treatment [PPT]) and for adults (e.g., cognitive processing therapy [CPT]). In the current case study, a combination of PPT and TF-CBT was utilized to treat this young boy, and CPT was utilized to treat his mother. With this course of treatment, this young boy demonstrated decreases in his PTSD symptoms and gained an understanding of coping skills and cognitive restructuring. His mother also demonstrated decreases in her PTSD symptoms. Overall, this dyad showed qualitative improvements in their general emotional and behavioral functioning, their individual self-regulation abilities, their social interactions, and their relationship. This case study provides evidence for the importance of treating both young child and parent when both have been exposed to and traumatized by domestic violence. Furthermore, this case study provides a framework for other health service providers to implement conjoint treatment of similarly traumatized families.
A census of young stellar populations in the warm ULIRG PKS 1345+12

We present a detailed investigation of the young stellar populations (YSP) in the radio-loud ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG), PKS 1345+12 (z = 0.12), based on high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging and long-slit spectra taken with the William Herschel Telescope (WHT) at La Palma. While the images clearly show bright knots suggestive of super star clusters (SSCs), the spectra reveal the presence of YSP in the diffuse light across the full extent of the halo of the merging double nucleus system. Spectral synthesis modelling has been used to estimate the ages of the YSP for both the SSC and the diffuse light sampled by the spectra. For the SSC, we find ages tSSC < 6 Myr with reddenings 0.2 < E(B − V) < 0.5 and masses 10 6 < M YSP < 10 7 M� . In the region to the south of the western nucleus that contains the SSC our modelling of the spectrum of the diffuse light is also consistent with a relatively young age for the YSP (∼5 Myr), although older YSP ages cannot be ruled out. However, in other regions of the galaxy we find that the spectra of the diffuse light component can only be modelled with a relatively old post-starburst YSP (0.04‐1.0 Gyr) or with a disc galaxy template spectrum. The results demonstrate the importance of accounting for reddening in photometric studies of SSC and highlight the dangers of focusing on the highest surface brightness regions when trying to obtain a general impression of the star formation activity in the host galaxies of ULIRGs. The case of PKS 1345+12 provides clear evidence that the star formation histories of the YSP in ULIRGs are complex. While the SSC represent the vigorous phase of star formation associated with the final stages of the merger, the YSP in the diffuse light are likely to represent star formation in one or more of the merging galaxies at an earlier stage or prior to the start of the merger. Intriguingly, our long-slit spectra show line splitting at the locations of the SSC, indicating that they are moving at up to 450 km s −1 with respect to the local ambient gas. Given their kinematics, it is plausible that the SSCs have been formed either in fast moving gas streams/tidal tails that are falling back into the nuclear regions as part of the merger process or as a consequence of jet-induced star formation linked to the extended, diffuse radio emission detected in the halo of the galaxy.