Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Activating and Propagating Polyclonal Gamma Delta T Cells with Broad Specificity for Malignancies

Purpose: To activate and propagate populations of γδ T cells expressing polyclonal repertoire of γ and δ T-cell receptor (TCR) chains for adoptive immunotherapy of cancer, which has yet to be achieved. Experimental Design: Clinical-grade artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPC) derived from K562 tumor cells were used as irradiated feeders to activate and expand human γδ T cells to clinical scale. These cells were tested for proliferation, TCR expression, memory phenotype, cytokine secretion, and tumor killing. Results: γδ T-cell proliferation was dependent upon CD137L expression on aAPC and addition of exogenous IL2 and IL21. Propagated γδ T cells were polyclonal as they expressed TRDV1, TRDV2-2, TRDV3, TRDV5, TRDV7, and TRDV8 with TRGV2, TRGV3F, TRGV7, TRGV8, TRGV9*A1, TRGV10*A1, and TRGV11 TCR chains. IFNγ production by Vδ1, Vδ2, and Vδ1negVδ2neg subsets was inhibited by pan-TCRγδ antibody when added to cocultures of polyclonal γδ T cells and tumor cell lines. Polyclonal γδ T cells killed acute and chronic leukemia, colon, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer cell lines, but not healthy autologous or allogeneic normal B cells. Blocking antibodies demonstrated that polyclonal γδ T cells mediated tumor cell lysis through combination of DNAM1, NKG2D, and TCRγδ. The adoptive transfer of activated and propagated γδ T cells expressing polyclonal versus defined Vδ TCR chains imparted a hierarchy (polyclonal>Vδ1>Vδ1negVδ2neg>Vδ2) of survival of mice with ovarian cancer xenografts. Conclusions: Polyclonal γδ T cells can be activated and propagated with clinical-grade aAPCs and demonstrate broad antitumor activities, which will facilitate the implementation of γδ T-cell cancer immunotherapies in humans. Clin Cancer Res; 20(22); 5708–19. ©2014 AACR.
On Hamiltonian bypasses in digraphs with the condition of Y. Manoussakis

Let D be a strongly connected directed graph of order n ≥ 4 which satisfies the following condition for every triple x, y, z of vertices such that x and y are nonadjacent: If there is no arc from x to z, then d(x)+d(y)+d+(x)+d-(z) ≥ 3n-2. If there is no arc from z to x, then d(x)+d(y)+d-(x)+d+(z) ≥ 3n-2. In [15] (J. of Graph Theory, Vol.16, No. 5, 51-59, 1992) Y. Manoussakis proved that D is Hamiltonian. In [9] it was shown that D contains a pre-Hamiltonian cycle (i.e., a cycle of length n-1) or n is even and D is isomorphic to the complete bipartite digraph with partite sets of cardinalities of n/2 and n/2. In this paper we show that D contains also a Hamiltonian bypass (i.e., a subdigraph is obtained from a Hamiltonian cycle by reversing exactly one arc) or D is isomorphic to one tournament of order five.
An exploratory study of fault-proneness in evolving aspect-oriented programs

This paper presents the results of an exploratory study on the fault-proneness of aspect-oriented programs. We analysed the faults collected from three evolving aspect-oriented systems, all from different application domains. The analysis develops from two different angles. Firstly, we measured the impact of the obliviousness property on the fault-proneness of the evaluated systems. The results show that 40% of reported faults were due to the lack of awareness among base code and aspects. The second analysis regarded the fault-proneness of the main aspect-oriented programming (AOP) mechanisms, namely pointcuts, advices and intertype declarations. The results indicate that these mechanisms present similar fault-proneness when we consider both the overall system and concern-specific implementations. Our findings are reinforced by means of statistical tests. In general, this result contradicts the common intuition stating that the use of pointcut languages is the main source of faults in AOP.
Emergence of Position-Independent Detectors of Sense of Rotation and Dilation with Hebbian Learning: An Analysis

We previously demonstrated that it is possible to learn position-independent responses to rotation and dilation by filtering rotations and dilations with different centers through an input layer with MT-like speed and direction tuning curves and connecting them to an MST-like layer with simple Hebbian synapses (Sereno and Sereno 1991). By analyzing an idealized version of the network with broader, sinusoidal direction-tuning and linear speed-tuning, we show analytically that a Hebb rule trained with arbitrary rotation, dilation/contraction, and translation velocity fields yields units with weight fields that are a rotation plus a dilation or contraction field, and whose responses to a rotating or dilating/contracting disk are exactly position independent. Differences between the performance of this idealized model and our original model (and real MST neurons) are discussed.
Viewpoint information provided by a familiar environment facilitates object identification

We studied whether contextual information regarding an observer’s location within a familiar scene could influence the identification of objects. The context was provided by a 3D virtual living room, which allowed natural familiarization of the scene and objects together with a high level of interactivity. Results of initial self-orientation judgments obtained in the room showed observers could make accurate judgments of their instantaneous orientation with respect to a reference point. We wanted to know if this information could in turn be used as an aid to identify objects from unfamiliar viewpoints. Our main experiment showed that after familiarization of objects within the virtual room, the presence of the room during identification produced significantly fewer errors than when the objects were shown in isolation. This reduction in error was attributed to the provision of a consistent reference frame by the room. This was tested by a control experiment, in which we randomly varied the orientation of the objects with respect to the room. In this case, the observer’s relative orientation with respect to the objects could not be derived from the room. Results showed that recognition accuracy dropped significantly in this case. The results in general suggest that object identification can be aided by knowledge of where we are in space and in which direction we are looking.
Research in Progress: Does Environmental Interpretation Influence Behaviour through Knowledge or Affect?

Interpretation is frequently seen as effective in managing tourist-wildlife interactions because it increases awareness about a species and encourages a conservation ethic (Beckmann 1991, Moscardo 1998). Interpretation has been advocated as the most effective management strategy for wildlife encounters (Orams 1996). Implicit in this belief is that by changing people's attitude, interpretation will change their behaviour (Roggenbuck 1992). Petty et al. (1997) define an attitude as an evaluation of an object (eg. people, animal, etc.) that exists along a dimension ranging from positive to negative. In reflecting on attitude change it helps to conceptualise an attitude as comprised of three main components: affect, cognition, and behaviour. The affective component consists of a person's feeling towards an object, the cognitive component consists of a person's knowledge and understanding of an object and the behavioural component involves a person's actual behaviour towards the object (Knudson et al. 1999). Although attitude is conceptualised as having three main components, most past research on interpretation has focused on changes in cognition (Beckmann 1991). Howard (1998) suggested that as people attend interpretive programs at leisure affective realms are important, and as such, mood theory might improve our understanding of: the intrinsically rewarding feelings that characterise this type of leisure experience; and how interpretation may influence people's behaviour. The influence of affective realms on interpretive programs is poorly understood and not well researched (Howard 1998). This paper contributes to our understanding of cognition and affect in interpretive setting by providing the results of a preliminary study conducted at Mon Repos Conservation Park.
Investigating the neuroprotective potential of short-term 5-HT7 receptor activation against neuronal excitotoxicity

I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. Abstract The pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia or acute ischemic stroke involves what is called neuronal "excitotoxicity", where an initial failure in intracellular energy metabolism causes excessive pre-synaptic glutamate release that over-stimulates ionotropic receptors, particularly the N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Pharmaceutical research endeavours in the past decade that developed and tested therapeutics against glutamate neurotoxicity have exhibited dose-limiting adverse CNS effects in several large scale stroke clinical trials. Given their involvement in glutamatergic neurotransmission, serotoninergic compounds offer a method to modulate glutamate neurotoxicity without evoking unacceptable side effects. A novel neuroprotective mechanism against NMDA induced excitotoxicity involves cross-talk between 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) type 7 (5-HT 7) receptor and a growth factor receptor called the platelet-derived growth factor β receptor (PDGFRβ). In primary hippocampal neurons, long-term (24 hour) activation of the 5-HT 7 receptor by small molecule ligands increase the expression of PDGFRβ that in turn phosphorylates a downstream effector which differentially regulates NMDA receptor subunit expression to prevent NMDA-induced neurotoxicity. Direct activation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)β receptors in primary hippocampal and cortical neurons inhibits NMDA receptor activity and attenuates NMDA receptor-induced toxicity. This study aimed to determine if such a neuroprotective pathway could be active with short-term application of a 5-HT7 receptor agonist. Western blot analysis revealed that 2 to 4 h activation of 5-HT7 receptors in primary hippocampal neurons increased tyrosine 1021 phosphorylation (PLCγ binding site responsible for down regulating NR2B containing iv NMDA receptors), as well as TrkB-FL receptor expression and phosphorylation. In addition, sustained increases in PLCγ1 expression and Akt activation were observed. Cell viability assays performed in primary hippocampal neurons showed that 2 and 4 h pre-treatment with LP 12 was neuroprotective against NMDA insults. Similar results were observed in HT22 cells. After extensive characterization of the cell line, we determined that differentiated HT22 cells were susceptible to NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. Similar to primary neurons, HT22 cells treated with 4 h LP 12 resulted in an increase in tyrosine 1021, ERK1/2, PLCγ 1 , and Akt threonine 308 phosphorylation. MTT viability assays in differentiated HT-22 cells suggested that neuroprotection against NMDA can be observed with 4 h LP 12 pre-treatment and that a sustained rise in …
Causal Relationship Model of Environmental Education Affecting Green Consumption Behavior

The populations were 12,422 undergraduate students of Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University of the first semester of 2021. The Multi-Stage Random Sampling technique was used to collect the sample for 400 undergraduate students. The questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. Structural Equation model (SEM) was used for model verification. The objective of research was to develop the causal relationship model of environmental education affecting to green consumption behavior through inspiration of public consciousness. The results revealed that when considering on confirmatory factors of exogenous variable of Environmental Education (EE) was able to explain the variation of endogenous factors of Inspiration of Public Consciousness (IPC) to cause Green Consumption Behavior (GCB) with 98.00 percents as the following in equation (1). GCB = 0.88*IPC + 0.25*EE … (1) (R2 = 0.98) Equation (1) factors that had the most effect to Green Consumption Behavior (GCB) was Inspiration of Public Consciousness (IPC) with effect of 0.90, and subsequence was Environmental Education (EE) with effect of 0.25. These were able to explain the variation of Green Consumption Behavior (GCB) with 98.00 percents. Moreover, confirmatory factors Environmental Education (EE) was able to explain the variation of confirmatory factors of Inspiration of Public Consciousness (IPC) with 87.00 percents. Therefore, the equation can be written as the following equation (2). IPC = 0.90*EE … (2) (R2 = 0.87) 4) Considering on Chi-Square value/df was 1.804 that was lesser than 5, therefore it was accepted that hypothetical model of research was congruent to empirical data. Moreover, it was considered on other statistical values to verify the congruence that were Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) and Adjust Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) were 0.97 and 0.93 respectively (GFI > 0.90 and AGFI > 0.90), RMSEA <0.05 (0.045), RMR <0.05 (0.014), and critical number = 306.66 which was more than 200. It indicated that model was congruent to empirical data.
Positive Expectations Encourage Generalization From a Positive Intergroup Interaction to Outgroup Attitudes

The current research reveals that while positive expectations about an anticipated intergroup interaction encourage generalization of positive contact to outgroup attitudes, negative expectations restrict the effects of contact on outgroup attitudes. In Study 1, when Blacks and Whites interacted with positive expectations, interaction quality predicted outgroup attitudes to a greater degree than when groups interacted with negative expectations. When expectations (Studies 2 and 3) and the actual interaction quality (Study 4) were manipulated orthogonally, negative expectations about the interaction predicted negative outgroup attitudes, regardless of actual interaction quality. By contrast, participants holding positive expectations who experienced a positive interaction expressed positive outgroup attitudes, whereas when they experienced a negative interaction, they expressed outgroup attitudes as negative as those with negative expectations. Across all four studies, positive expectations encouraged developing outgroup attitudes consistent with interaction quality.
NAPHTHALENE SHOWS NO REPELLENCY FOR STARLINGS

Coop. Park Stud. Unit Publ. CPSU/OSU 84-11, Coll. For. , Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. 35pp. LEE, W. S. 1986. The national wildlife refuge system. Pages 412-460 in R. L. Di Silvestro, ed. Audubon wildlife report 1986. Natl. Audubon Soc. , New York, N.Y. WEEDEN, R. 1976. Nonconsumptive users: a myth. Alaska Conserv. Rev. 17:3,15. WILKES, B. 1977. The myth of the non-consumptive user. Can. Field-Nat. 91:343-349.
The relationship between emotional expression and personality traits in the first degree relatives of schizophrenic patients

Objective:To explore the relationship between emotional expression and personality traits in the first degree relatives of schizophrenic patients.Method:130 first degree relatives of schizophrenic patients and 117 normal controls were assessed using the Chinese version of Camberwell family interview(CFI-CV) and the schizotypal personality questionnaire(SPQ). According to CFI-CV,the subjects were divided into two groups among the relatives and controls:the high expressed emotion(HEE) and the low expressed emotion(LEE). The personality traits were compared between the two groups.Results:For the relatives,the score of negative sehizotypal dimension of SPQ were significantly higher in the HEE group than those in the LEE group(t=2.634,P0.01),but there was no significant difference in the other dimensions(P0.05). The HEE group of the relatives showed higher negative sehizotypal score than the HEE group of normal controls(t=2.687,P0.01),but there were no significant difference in the other dimensions(P0.05). Conclusion:There was significant relation between emotional expression and personality traits in the first degree relatives of schizophrenic patients.
Stress Induces a Switch of Intracellular Signaling in Sensory Neurons in a Model of Generalized Pain

Stress dramatically exacerbates pain in diseases such as fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that stress causes generalized hyperalgesia by enhancing pronociceptive effects of immune mediators. Rats exposed to nonhabituating sound stress exhibited no change in mechanical nociceptive threshold, but showed a marked increase in hyperalgesia evoked by local injections of prostaglandin E2 or epinephrine. This enhancement, which developed more than a week after exposure to stress, required concerted action of glucocorticoids and catecholamines at receptors located in the periphery on sensory afferents. The altered response to pronociceptive mediators involved a switch in coupling of their receptors from predominantly stimulatory to inhibitory G-proteins (Gs to Gi), and for prostaglandin E2, emergence of novel dependence on protein kinase Cε. Thus, an important mechanism in generalized pain syndromes may be stress-induced coactivation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal and sympathoadrenal axes, causing a long-lasting alteration in intracellular signaling pathways, enabling normally innocuous levels of immune mediators to produce chronic hyperalgesia.
The Effects of the Authentic Task on Preservice Teachers' Achievement *

This study aims to investigate the effects of the curriculum based on authentic task on preservice early childhood teachers' academic achievement. It was designed as an experimental study. Data were collected the 50-item and five-point "Multiple Choice Achievement Test" designed by the researcher for the course "Special Instruction Methods I" used in the study, a "Classical Exam" based on criteria in accordance with course content, the 20-item "Performance Assessment Form" prepared as a self-assessment, teacher and peer assessment tool to evaluate authentic tasks. The study was conducted with a total of 100 preservice teachers who were third year students at Marmara University, Ataturk Education Faculty's Division of Early Childhood Education during the 2010- 2011 academic year. Of these 100 preservice teachers, 35 were in the experimental group, 35 in the control-1 group, and 30 in the control-2 group. The results of the study an increase occurred in the academic achievement of all groups from the start to the end of the experiment (p<.01). However, there was a bigger increase in the achievement of the experimental group, where authentic tasks were assigned when compared to the other two (p<.01).
Optimizing cost and quality by integrating inspection and test processes

Inspections and testing are two of the most commonly performed software quality assurance processes today. Typically, these processes are applied in isolation, which, however, fails to exploit the benefits of systematically combining and integrating them. Expected benefits of such process integration are higher defect detection rates or reduced quality assurance effort. Moreover, when conducting testing without any prior information regarding the system's quality, it is often unclear which parts or which defect types should be prioritized. Existing approaches do not explicitly use information from inspections in a systematical way to focus testing processes. In this article, we present an integrated two-stage approach that routes inspection data to test processes in order to prioritize code classes and defect types. While an initial version of the approach focused on prioritizing code classes, this article focuses on the prioritization of defect types for testing. Results from a case study where the approach was applied on the code level show that those defect types could be prioritized before the testing that afterwards actually showed up most often during the test process. In addition, an overview of related work and an outlook on future research directions are given.
Lamination of the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of Catarrhine Primates

The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of catarrhine primates - with the exception of gibbons - is typically described as a 6-layered structure, comprised of 2 ventral magnocellular layers, and 4 dorsal parvocellular layers. The parvocellular layers of the LGN are involved in color vision. Therefore, it is hypothesized that a 6-layered LGN is a shared-derived trait among catarrhines. This might suggest that in gibbons the lack of further subdivisions of the parvocellular layers is a recent change, and could be related to specializations of visual information processing in this taxon. To address these hypotheses, the lamination of the LGN was investigated in a range of catarrhine species, including several taxa not previously described, and the evolution of the LGN was reconstructed using phylogenetic information. The findings indicate that while all catarrhine species have 4 parvocellular leaflets, two main patterns of LGN parvocellular lamination occur: 2 undivided parvocellular layers in some species, and 4 parvocellular leaflets (with occasional subleaflets) in other species. LGN size was not found to be related to lamination pattern. Both patterns were found to occur in divergent clades, which is suggestive of homoplasy within the catarrhines in LGN morphology.
Establishment of the Dorsal–Ventral Axis inXenopus Embryos Coincides with the Dorsal Enrichment of Dishevelled That Is Dependent on Cortical Rotation

Examination of the subcellular localization of Dishevelled (Dsh) in fertilized Xenopus eggs revealed that Dsh is associated with vesicle-like organelles that are enriched on the prospective dorsal side of the embryo after cortical rotation. Dorsal enrichment of Dsh is blocked by UV irradiation of the vegetal pole, a treatment that inhibits development of dorsal cell fates, linking accumulation of Dsh and specification of dorsal cell fates. Investigation of the dynamics of Dsh localization using Dsh tagged with green fluorescent protein (Dsh-GFP) demonstrated that Dsh-GFP associates with small vesicle-like organelles that are directionally transported along the parallel array of microtubules towards the prospective dorsal side of the embryo during cortical rotation. Perturbing the assembly of the microtubule array with D2O, a treatment that promotes the random assembly of the array and the dorsalization of embryos, randomizes translocation of Dsh-GFP. Conversely, UV irradiation of the vegetal pole abolishes movement of Dsh-GFP. Finally, we demonstrate that overexpression of Dsh can stabilize β-catenin in Xenopus. These data suggest that the directional translocation of Dsh along microtubules during cortical rotation and its subsequent enrichment on the prospective dorsal side of the embryo play a role in locally activating a maternal Wnt pathway responsible for establishing dorsal cell fates in Xenopus.