Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Live Drum Separation Using Probabilistic Spectral Clustering Based on the Itakura-Saito Divergence

We present a live drum separation system for a speciﬁc target drumset to be used as a front end in a complete live drum understanding system. Our system decomposes drum note onsets onto spectral drum templates by adapting techniques from non-negative matrix factorization. Multiple templates per drum are computed using a new Gamma mixture model clustering procedure to account for the variety of sounds that can be produced by a single drum. This clustering procedure imposes an Itakura-Saito distance metric on the cluster space. In addition, we utilize “tail” templates for each drum which greatly improve the separation accuracy when cymbals with long decay times are present
Methyl methacrylate and respiratory sensitization: A Critical review

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is a respiratory irritant and dermal sensitizer that has been associated with occupational asthma in a small number of case reports. Those reports have raised concern that it might be a respiratory sensitizer. To better understand that possibility, we reviewed the in silico, in chemico, in vitro, and in vivo toxicology literature, and also epidemiologic and occupational medicine reports related to the respiratory effects of MMA. Numerous in silico and in chemico studies indicate that MMA is unlikely to be a respiratory sensitizer. The few in vitro studies suggest that MMA has generally weak effects. In vivo studies have documented contact skin sensitization, nonspecific cytotoxicity, and weakly positive responses on local lymph node assay; guinea pig and mouse inhalation sensitization tests have not been performed. Cohort and cross-sectional worker studies reported irritation of eyes, nose, and upper respiratory tract associated with short-term peaks exposures, but little evidence for respiratory sensitization or asthma. Nineteen case reports described asthma, laryngitis, or hypersensitivity pneumonitis in MMA-exposed workers; however, exposures were either not well described or involved mixtures containing more reactive respiratory sensitizers and irritants. The weight of evidence, both experimental and observational, argues that MMA is not a respiratory sensitizer.
cobordisms between 1 – connected 4 – manifolds

In this note we classify the diffeomorphism classes rel. boundary of smooth h– cobordisms between two fixed 1–connected 4–manifolds in terms of isometries between the intersection forms. AMS Classification numbers Primary: 57R80 Secondary: 57N13, 57Q20, 55N45
THIRD-ORDER PERTURBATION THEORY WITH NONLINEAR PRESSURE

We calculate the nonlinear matter power spectrum using the third-order perturbation theory without ignoring the pressure gradient term. We consider a semirealistic system consisting of two matter components with and without pressure, and both are expanded into the third order in perturbations in a self-consistent manner, for the first time. While the pressured component may be identified with baryons or neutrinos, in this paper we mainly explore the physics of the nonlinear pressure effect using a toy model in which the Jeans length does not depend on time, i.e., the sound speed decreases as a−1/2, where a is the scale factor. The linear analysis shows that the power spectrum below the so-called filtering scale is suppressed relative to the power spectrum of the cold dark matter. Our nonlinear calculation shows that the actual filtering scale for a given sound speed is smaller than the linear filtering scale by a factor depending on the redshift and the Jeans length. A ∼40% change is common, and our results suggest that, when applied to baryons, the temperature of the intergalactic medium inferred from the filtering scale observed in the flux power spectrum of Lyα forests would be underestimated by a factor of 2, if one used the linear filtering scale to interpret the data. The filtering mass, which is proportional to the filtering scale cubed, can also be significantly smaller than the linear theory prediction especially at low redshift, where the actual filtering mass can be smaller than the linear prediction by a factor of 3. Finally, when applied to neutrinos, we find that neutrino perturbations deviate significantly from linear perturbations even below the free-streaming scales, and thus neutrinos cannot be treated as linear perturbations.
Co-expression of PKM2 and TRIM35 predicts survival and recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma

The identification of prognostic markers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is needed for clinical practice. Tripartite motif-containing 35 (TRIM35) is a tumor suppressor of HCC. TRIM35 inhibits phosphorylation of pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2), which is involved in aerobic glycolysis of cancer cells. We found that expression of PKM2 was significantly increased in HCC tissues. This overexpression of PKM2 was correlated with a high TNM stage and level of vascular invasion. Patients with HCC who were positive for PKM2 expression and negative for TRIM35 expression had shorter overall survival and time to recurrence than patients who were negative for PKM2 and positive for TRIM35. Furthermore, PKM2/TRIM35 combination was an independent and significant risk factor for recurrence and survival. In conclusion, PKM2 (+) and TRIM35 (−) contribute to the aggressiveness and poor prognosis of HCC. PKM2/TRIM35 expression could be a biomarker for the prognosis of HCC and target for cancer therapy.
Zero-Lag Synchronization Despite Inhomogeneities in a Relay System

A novel proposal for the zero-lag synchronization of the delayed coupled neurons, is to connect them indirectly via a third relay neuron. In this study, we develop a Poincaré map to investigate the robustness of the synchrony in such a relay system against inhomogeneity in the neurons and synaptic parameters. We show that when the inhomogeneity does not violate the symmetry of the system, synchrony is maintained and in some cases inhomogeneity enhances synchrony. On the other hand if the inhomogeneity breaks the symmetry of the system, zero lag synchrony can not be preserved. In this case we give analytical results for the phase lag of the spiking of the neurons in the stable state.
Visual categorization with bags of keypoints

We present a novel method for generic visual categorization: the problem of identifying the object content of natural images while generalizing across variations inherent to the object class. This bag of keypoints method is based on vector quantization of affine invariant descriptors of image patches. We propose and compare two alternative implementations using different classifiers: Naive Bayes and SVM. The main advantages of the method are that it is simple, computationally efficient and intrinsically invariant. We present results for simultaneously classifying seven semantic visual categories. These results clearly demonstrate that the method is robust to background clutter and produces good categorization accuracy even without exploiting geometric information.
Diet and pregnancy status in Australian women

Abstract Objective To investigate and report the diet quality of young Australian women by pregnancy status. Design Pregnancy status was defined as pregnant (n 606), trying to conceive (n 454), had a baby in the last 12 months (n 829) and other (n 5597). The Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies was used to calculate diet quality using the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS) methodology. Nutrient intakes were compared with the Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand. Setting A population-based cohort participating in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH). Subjects A nationally representative sample of Australian women, aged 25 to 30 years, who completed Survey 3 of the ALSWH. The 7486 women with biologically plausible energy intake estimates, defined as >4·5 but <20·0 MJ/d, were included in the analyses. Results Pregnancy status was not significantly predictive of diet quality, before or after adjusting for area of residence and socio-economic status. Pregnant women and those who had given birth in the previous 12 months had marginally higher ARFS (mean (se): 30·2 (0·4) and 30·2 (0·3), respectively) than ‘other’ women (29·1 (0·1)). No single food group accounted for this small difference. Across all pregnancy categories there were important nutrients that did not meet the current nationally recommended levels of intake, including dietary folate and fibre. Conclusion Women do not appear to consume a wider variety of nutritious foods when planning to become pregnant or during pregnancy. Many young Australian women are failing to meet key nutrient targets as nationally recommended.
Motor Imagery for Severely Motor-Impaired Patients: Evidence for Brain-Computer Interfacing as Superior Control Solution

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) strive to decode brain signals into control commands for severely handicapped people with no means of muscular control. These potential users of noninvasive BCIs display a large range of physical and mental conditions. Prior studies have shown the general applicability of BCI with patients, with the conflict of either using many training sessions or studying only moderately restricted patients. We present a BCI system designed to establish external control for severely motor-impaired patients within a very short time. Within only six experimental sessions, three out of four patients were able to gain significant control over the BCI, which was based on motor imagery or attempted execution. For the most affected patient, we found evidence that the BCI could outperform the best assistive technology (AT) of the patient in terms of control accuracy, reaction time and information transfer rate. We credit this success to the applied user-centered design approach and to a highly flexible technical setup. State-of-the art machine learning methods allowed the exploitation and combination of multiple relevant features contained in the EEG, which rapidly enabled the patients to gain substantial BCI control. Thus, we could show the feasibility of a flexible and tailorable BCI application in severely disabled users. This can be considered a significant success for two reasons: Firstly, the results were obtained within a short period of time, matching the tight clinical requirements. Secondly, the participating patients showed, compared to most other studies, very severe communication deficits. They were dependent on everyday use of AT and two patients were in a locked-in state. For the most affected patient a reliable communication was rarely possible with existing AT.
On Powers of Chordal GraphsAnd Their

The k-th power of a graph G is a graph on the same vertex set as G, where a pair of vertices is connected by an edge if they are of distance at most k in G. We study the structure of powers of chordal graphs and the complexity of coloring them. We start by giving new and constructive proofs of the known facts that any power of an interval graph is an interval graph, and that any odd power of a general chordal graph is again chordal. We then show that it is computationally hard to approximately color the even powers of n-vertex chordal graphs within an n 1 2 ? factor, for any > 0. We present two exact and closed formulas for the chromatic polynomial for the k-th power of a tree on n vertices. Furthermore, we give an O(kn) algorithm for evaluating the polynomial.
IL-15-Deficient and IFN Regulatory 3 Cells in γ Thymic and Epidermal V Developmental and Functional Defects of

Veronique Debacker, Jean Plum and Georges LeclercqAn De Creus, Katrien Van Beneden, Frederik Stevenaert,http://www.jimmunol.org/content/168/12/6486J Immunol€2002; 168:6486-6493; ;Referenceshttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/168/12/6486.full#ref-list-1This article cites 63 articles, 43 of which you can access for free at: Subscriptionshttp://jimmunol.org/subscriptionsInformation about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: Permissionshttp://www.aai. org/ji/copyright.htmlSubmit copyright permission requests at: Email Alertshttp://jimmunol.org/cgi/alerts/etocReceive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at:
The Usefulness and Feasibility of Mobile Interface in Tuberculosis Notification (MITUN) Voice Based System for Notification of Tuberculosis by Private Medical Practitioners – A Pilot Project

Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is a notifiable disease and health care providers are required to notify every TB case to local authorities. We conducted a pilot study to determine the usefulness and feasibility of mobile interface in TB notification (MITUN) voice based system for notification of TB cases by private medical practitioners. Methodology The study was conducted during September 2013 to October 2014 in three zones of Chennai, an urban setting in South India. Private clinics wherein services are provided by single private medical practitioners were approached. The steps involved in MITUN included: Registration of the practitioners and notification of TB cases by them through voice interactions. Pre and post-intervention questionnaires were administered to collect information on TB notification practices and feasibility of MITUN after an implementation period of 6 months. Results A total of 266 private medical practitioners were approached for the study. Of them, 184 (69%) participated in the study; of whom 11 (6%) practitioners used MITUN for TB notification. Reasons for not using MITUN include lack of time, referral of patients to government facility, issues related to patient confidentiality and technical problems. Suggestions for making mobile phone based TB notification process user-friendly included reducing call duration, including only crucial questions and using missed call or SMS options. Conclusion The performance (feasibility and usefulness) of MITUN voice based system for TB notification in the present format was sub-optimal. Perceived problems, logistical and practical issues preclude scale–up of notification of TB by private practitioners.
The interference effect of concurrent working memory task on visual inhibitory control

We examined the interference between inhibitory control of a saccadic eye movement and a working memory task. This study was motivated by the observation that people are suscep-tible to cognitive errors when they are preoccupied. Subjects were instructed to make an anti-saccade, or to look in the opposite direction of a visual stimulus, thereby exercising inhibito-ry control over the reflexive eye movement towards a salient object. At the same time, the subjects were instructed to memorize a random sequence of digits that were read out to them, thereby engaging their working memory. We measured the success of an eye movement by rapidly switching between images and asking the subjects what they saw. We found that these concurrent cognitive tasks significantly degraded anti-saccade performance. We examined the interference between inhibitory control of a saccadic eye movement and a working memory task. This study was motivated by the observation that people are susceptible to cognitive errors when they are preoccupied. Subjects were instructed to make an anti-saccade, or to look in the opposite direction of a visual stimulus, thereby exercising inhibitory control over the reflexive eye movement towards a salient object. At the same time, the subjects were instructed to memorize a random sequence of digits that were read out to them, thereby engaging their working memory. We measured the success of an eye movement by rapidly switching between images and asking the subjects what they saw. We found that these concurrent cognitive tasks significantly degraded anti-saccade performance.
Modeling and simulation of rain for the test of automotive sensor systems

This paper presents a new approach for the test of automotive sensor systems in rain. The approach is based on an indoor test method, which helps to save test kilometers and test effort. For the activation of safety systems detailed information about the vehicles environment is necessary. Laser scanners provide precise information about the environment and a high angular resolution in contrast to radar sensors [1]. The performance of laser scanners depends on their local environment, because of the attenuation of the ambient atmosphere, precipitation and on the reflectivity of objects. False measurements in the field of vehicle safety can result in severe injury or death, so high reliability is essential. For this purpose a theoretical model is developed in order to determine the sensor behavior. Subsequently, a rain simulator is constructed to validate the theoretical model. Furthermore the developed rain simulator is validated by comparison with real rain. Based on determined rain disturbances benchmark tests of different sensor systems and algorithm approaches can be performed.
Ocular Inflammation in HLA-B27 Transgenic Mice Reveals a Potential Role for MHC Class I in Corneal Immune Privilege

Purpose HLA-B27 is a major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) allele that has been closely associated with the development of ankylosing spondylitis and acute anterior uveitis (AAU), the most common form of uveitis worldwide. We have been characterizing the phenotypes of transgenic mice carrying a human HLA-B27 allele, but that are deficient in endogenous mouse MHCI genes (H-2K−/− and H-2D−/− double knockout, or DKO) to create the HLA-B27/DKO line. In maintaining and expanding this colony, we observed a rare sporadic severe central keratitis that developed in transgenic animals, but that was not present in wild-type (WT) animals. Methods The corneas of affected HLA-B27/DKO and DKO mice were compared to their WT counterparts by staining with standard histological methods for markers of inflammation and neovascularization. A model of experimental corneal inflammation was subsequently used to test the responses of each genotype to insult. Results We identified a previously unreported corneal pathology in naïve HLA-B27/DKO mice, and we describe significantly prolonged CD4+- and CD8+-associated inflammation in these animals following an experimentally induced corneal injury. Conclusions These results demonstrate an increased T-cell response in B27/DKO corneas due to the expression of the HLA-B27 allele, suggesting that low MHCI expression in WT corneas is an important contributor to immune privilege.
A three-component model of commitment in professional service relationships on business-to-business markets

Commitment has been one of the most frequently studied variables in business-to-business relationships and several researchers propose it is the main antecedent of customer loyalty. However, while researches of marketing relationships agree on the importance of the construct, differences in its conceptualization and operationalization exist. This study examines a three-component model of commitment, including a calculative, affective and normative dimension. Relationships are tested between dimensions of commitment and frequently studied relationship variables, such as communication, social ties, trust and satisfaction. Results show that affective commitment is the only one of three components that significantly infuences customer loyalty. It is explained with trust, satisfaction and social ties.
The Interferon-Inducible Mouse Apolipoprotein L9 and Prohibitins Cooperate to Restrict Theiler’s Virus Replication

Apolipoprotein L9b (Apol9b) is an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) that has antiviral activity and is weakly expressed in primary mouse neurons as compared to other cell types. Here, we show that both Apol9 isoforms (Apol9b and Apol9a) inhibit replication of Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) but not replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), Murid herpesvirus-4 (MuHV-4), or infection by a lentiviral vector. Apol9 genes are strongly expressed in mouse liver and, to a lesser extent, in pancreas, adipose tissue and intestine. Their expression is increased by type I interferon and viral infection. In contrast to genuine apolipoproteins that are involved in lipid transport, ApoL9 has an intracytoplasmic localization and does not seem to be secreted. The cytoplasmic localization of ApoL9 is in line with the observation that ApoL9 inhibits the replication step of TMEV infection. In contrast to human ApoL6, ApoL9 did not sensitize cells to apoptosis, in spite of the presence of a conserved putative BH3 domain, required for antiviral activity. ApoL9a and b isoforms interact with cellular prohibitin 1 (Phb1) and prohibitin 2 (Phb2) and this interaction might contribute to ApoL9 antiviral activity. Knocking down Phb2 slightly increased TMEV replication, irrespective of ApoL9 overexpression. The antiviral activity of prohibitins against TMEV contrasts with the pro-viral activity of prohibitins observed for VSV and reported previously for Dengue 2 (DENV-2), Chikungunya (CHIKV) and influenza H5N1 viruses. ApoL9 is thus an example of ISG displaying a narrow antiviral range, which likely acts in complex with prohibitins to restrict TMEV replication.
Improved Semantic Mapping and SOM Applied to Document Organization

This paper presents and evaluates a new version of the Semantic Mapping method applied to the construction of a hybrid document organization system based on Self-Organizing Maps. The hybrid system uses reduced document vectors generated by Semantic Mapping to training the SOM map, thus reducing the training time without compromising the quality of the document map. We test the hybrid system with different versions of Semantic Mapping and the correspondent SOM system in document organization of the Reuters-21758 v1.0 and 20 Newsgroup collections. The performance of the systems was measured in terms of text categorization effectiveness on test set and training time. The experimental results show that new version of Semantic Mapping is superior to previous one.
Entry Costs and the Supply of Public School Teachers

This article examines the impact of entry costs on the likelihood that recent college graduates will become public school teachers. I combine Barron's ratings of college selectivity, data on the types of teacher certification programs offered by colleges, and NELS data that track members of the high school class of 1988 into college and into the workforce. Restricting the sample to individuals who were not considering teaching careers when they were high school seniors, I estimate the marginal effect of the availability of undergraduate teacher certification programs on the likelihood that these individuals will become teachers. The results suggest that graduates from highly selective colleges are very sensitive to entry costs related to the number of years of schooling required for certification, while graduates from less selective colleges are not marginally influenced by these costs.
Ubiquitous Water Masers in Nearby Star-Forming Galaxies

We report the detection of water maser emission from four nearby galaxies hosting ultradense H II (UDHII) regions, He 2-10, the Antennae galaxies (NGC 4038/4039), NGC 4214, and NGC 5253, with the Green Bank Telescope. Our detection rate is 100%, and all of these H2O “kilomasers” (LH2O < 10 L☉) are located toward regions of known star formation as traced by UDHII regions and bright 24 μm emission. Some of the newly discovered H2O masers have luminosities 1-2 orders of magnitude less than previous extragalactic studies and the same order of magnitude as those typical of Galactic massive star-forming regions. The unusual success of this minisurvey suggests that H2O maser emission may be very common in starburst galaxies, and the paucity of detections to date is due to a lack of sufficient sensitivity. While the galaxy sample was selected by the presence of UDHII regions, and the UDHII regions lie within the telescope beam, in the absence of H2O spectral line maps the connection between H2O masers and UDHII regions has not yet been demonstrated.