Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Properties of high-redshift quasars — I. Evolution of the supermassive black hole to halo mass ratio

In the local Universe, the masses of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) appear to correlate with the physical properties of their hosts, including the mass of the dark matter haloes. At higher redshifts, we observe the growth of SMBHs indirectly through the identification of high-redshift quasars. However, information on their hosts is more difficult to obtain. In this paper, we determine the masses of the haloes that host the high-redshift quasars (at z > 4) by comparing the rate of growth of quasar density with that predicted by the Press‐Schechter mass function. The host mass determined depends on how the ratio between the SMBH and the host halo mass evolves with redshift. Under the assumption that the ratio between the SMBH and the halo mass does not evolve with redshift, we find a host halo mass of M = 10 11.7±0.3 M� . Even if the quasars shine at their Eddington limit, this host mass is significantly smaller than that seen at lower redshifts in the local Universe. Indeed, we find that the null hypothesis, of a constant ratio between the SMBH and the halo mass at all redshifts, can be ruled out at greater than a 5σ level. SMBHs must therefore have contributed a larger fraction to the host mass in the past. This finding is consistent with expectations from models of self-limiting SMBH growth. When we include the redshift evolution of the ratio between the SMBH and the halo mass, we find larger halo masses of M ∼ 10 12.4±0.3 M� , in combination with a ratio between the SMBH and the host halo mass that increases with redshift in proportion to ∼(1 + z) 1.5 , are required to be consistent with both local and high-redshift observations. We also investigate the restrictions placed on the critical linear overdensity of quasar hosts at their epoch of virialization, and find that it cannot exceed the traditional value of δ c = 1.69 by more than a factor of 2. Finally, we find that the high-redshift quasars are hosted by fluctuations on scales that have a variance of δ M/M = 2‐3, corresponding to (3‐4.5)σ fluctuations in the density field.
Kif14 Mutation Causes Severe Brain Malformation and Hypomyelination

We describe a novel spontaneous mouse mutant, laggard (lag), characterized by a flat head, motor impairment and growth retardation. The mutation is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, and lag/lag mice suffer from cerebellar ataxia and die before weaning. lag/lag mice exhibit a dramatic reduction in brain size and slender optic nerves. By positional cloning, we identify a splice site mutation in Kif14. Transgenic complementation with wild-type Kif14-cDNA alleviates ataxic phenotype in lag/lag mice. To further confirm that the causative gene is Kif14, we generate Kif14 knockout mice and find that all of the phenotypes of Kif14 knockout mice are similar to those of lag/lag mice. The main morphological abnormality of lag/lag mouse is severe hypomyelination in central nervous system. The lag/lag mice express an array of myelin-related genes at significantly reduced levels. The disrupted cytoarchitecture of the cerebellar and cerebral cortices appears to result from apoptotic cell death. Thus, we conclude that Kif14 is essential for the generation and maturation of late-developing structures such as the myelin sheath, cerebellar and cerebral cortices. So far, no Kif14-deficient mice or mutation in Kif14 has ever been reported and we firstly define the biological function of Kif14 in vivo. The discovery of mammalian models, laggard, has opened up horizons for researchers to add more knowledge regarding the etiology and pathology of brain malformation.
Policy hysteria in action: teenage parents at secondary school in Australia

In this chapter we present an account of the policy paradox of establishing a Young Parents' Access Project (YPAP) for students at a senior secondary college in the state of Victoria, Australia. l Within a policy climate of endless reform and new policy initiatives, 90 per cent of all secondary school students in Victoria are expected to complete 13 years of formal education or training, and to be supported to make successful transitions from school to work or further education. Yet young people who are pregnant or parenting and who wish to complete their secondary schooling are invisible within the policies that construct the work of schools. In response to enquiries from teenage parents interested in returning to school and confronting the challenge of juggling home life, childcare and school work, Corio Bay Senior College (CBSC) decided to establish a multi-dimensional project that was underpinned by the provision of fully licensed on-site childcare.
An overview of the EU KLEMS Growth and Productivity Accounts

The EU KLEMS project represents a unique collective effort on behalf of academics, statisticians and policy makers to provide fundamental policy insights into the changes which have occurred at the industry level in Europe, the US and Japan over recent decades. The present paper has focussed on providing firstly, an overview of the contents and policy significance of the EU KLEMS project and secondly, a series of analyses which illustrate the usefulness of the project's datasets and its conceptual framework. Keywords: GDP growth, productivity, growth accounting
Salicornia strobilacea (Synonym of Halocnemum strobilaceum) Grown under Different Tidal Regimes Selects Rhizosphere Bacteria Capable of Promoting Plant Growth

Halophytes classified under the common name of salicornia colonize salty and coastal environments across tidal inundation gradients. To unravel the role of tide-related regimes on the structure and functionality of root associated bacteria, the rhizospheric soil of Salicornia strobilacea (synonym of Halocnemum strobilaceum) plants was studied in a tidal zone of the coastline of Southern Tunisia. Although total counts of cultivable bacteria did not change in the rhizosphere of plants grown along a tidal gradient, significant differences were observed in the diversity of both the cultivable and uncultivable bacterial communities. This observation indicates that the tidal regime is contributing to the bacterial species selection in the rhizosphere. Despite the observed diversity in the bacterial community structure, the plant growth promoting (PGP) potential of cultivable rhizospheric bacteria, assessed through in vitro and in vivo tests, was equally distributed along the tidal gradient. Root colonization tests with selected strains proved that halophyte rhizospheric bacteria (i) stably colonize S. strobilacea rhizoplane and the plant shoot suggesting that they move from the root to the shoot and (ii) are capable of improving plant growth. The versatility in the root colonization, the overall PGP traits and the in vivo plant growth promotion under saline condition suggest that such beneficial activities likely take place naturally under a range of tidal regimes.
The politics of corruption

These four volumes offer a guide to the literature on corruption. They do not purport to be comprehensive because the literature has expanded so rapidly in recent years. Volumes Two and Three illustrate and explain the scope, incidence and consequences of corruption in a variety of political settings in the developed and developing world. Volume Four presents the variety of prescriptions that have been presented as ways of controlling corruption.
Health information, behavior change, and decision support for patients with type 2 diabetes: development of a tailored, preference-sensitive health communication application

Purpose Patient involvement in diabetes treatment such as shared decision-making and patient self-management has significant effects on clinical parameters. As a prerequisite for active involvement, patients need to be informed in an adequate and preference-sensitive way. Interactive Health Communication Applications (IHCAs) that combine web-based health information for patients with additional support offer the opportunity to reach great numbers of patients at low cost and provide them with high-quality information and support at the time, place, and learning speed they prefer. Still, web-based interventions often suffer from high attrition. Tailoring the intervention to patients’ needs and preferences might reduce attrition and should thereby increase effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to develop a tailored IHCA offering evidence-based, preference-sensitive content and treatment decision support to patients with type 2 diabetes. The content was developed based on a needs assessment and two evidence-based treatment guidelines. The delivery format is a dialogue-based, tunneled design tailoring the content and tone of the dialogue to relevant patient characteristics (health literacy, attitudes toward self-care, and psychological barriers to insulin treatment). Both content and tailoring were revised by an interdisciplinary advisory committee. Conclusion The World Wide Web holds great potential for patient information and self-management interventions. With the development and evaluation of a tailored IHCA, we complement face-to-face consultations of patients with their health care practitioners and make them more efficient and satisfying for both sides. Effects of the application are currently being tested within a randomized controlled trial.
Comparative Genomic Analyses Provide New Insights into the Evolutionary Dynamics of Heterochromatin in Drosophila

The term heterochromatin has been long considered synonymous with gene silencing, but it is now clear that the presence of transcribed genes embedded in pericentromeric heterochromatin is a conserved feature in the evolution of eukaryotic genomes. Several studies have addressed the epigenetic changes that enable the expression of genes in pericentric heterochromatin, yet little is known about the evolutionary processes through which this has occurred. By combining genome annotation analysis and high-resolution cytology, we have identified and mapped 53 orthologs of D. melanogaster heterochromatic genes in the genomes of two evolutionarily distant species, D. pseudoobscura and D. virilis. Our results show that the orthologs of the D. melanogaster heterochromatic genes are clustered at three main genomic regions in D. virilis and D. pseudoobscura. In D. virilis, the clusters lie in the middle of euchromatin, while those in D. pseudoobscura are located in the proximal portion of the chromosome arms. Some orthologs map to the corresponding Muller C element in D. pseudoobscura and D. virilis, while others localize on the Muller B element, suggesting that chromosomal rearrangements that have been instrumental in the fusion of two separate elements involved the progenitors of genes currently located in D. melanogaster heterochromatin. These results demonstrate an evolutionary repositioning of gene clusters from ancestral locations in euchromatin to the pericentromeric heterochromatin of descendent D. melanogaster chromosomes. Remarkably, in both D. virilis and D. pseudoobscura the gene clusters show a conserved association with the HP1a protein, one of the most highly evolutionarily conserved epigenetic marks. In light of these results, we suggest a new scenario whereby ancestral HP1-like proteins (and possibly other epigenetic marks) may have contributed to the evolutionary repositioning of gene clusters into heterochromatin.
Unsupervised Classification of Sentiment and Objectivity in Chinese Text

We address the problem of sentiment and objectivity classification of product reviews in Chinese. Our approach is distinctive in that it treats both positive / negative sentiment and subjectivity / objectivity not as distinct classes but rather as a continuum; we argue that this is desirable from the perspective of would-be customers who read the reviews. We use novel unsupervised techniques, including a one-word 'seed' vocabulary and iterative retraining for sentiment processing, and a criterion of 'sentiment density' for determining the extent to which a document is opinionated. The classifier achieves up to 87% F-measure for sentiment polarity detection.
A NOTE ON TESTING THE SHOULDER CONDITION IN LINE TRANSECT SAMPLING

We propose a new method to examine the shoulder condition of the detection function in line transect sampling. This is an improvement on the method suggested in Mack (1998). We show that our method has a lower rejection rate (Type I error) when the data are in fact from a population satisfying the shoulder condition. It is also shown that our method is much more sensitive than Mack’s method to the departures from the shoulder condition, therefore has a higher power.
The Role of Service Agent, Service Quality, and User Satisfaction in Self-Service Technology

This paper seeks to answer two questions: (1) Do consumers perceive the four service quality dimensions (reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy) differently when interacting with Self-Service Technologies (SSTs) and human agents? and (2) How do these four dimensions affect consumers’ satisfaction when using SSTs versus using human agents? Based on an extensive literature review, we propose that consumers will perceive higher service quality from human agents compared to from SSTs. Additionally, we propose that higher service quality will have a positive impact on consumer satisfaction. We tested our propositions using experimental data collected from 181 subjects. The results indicated that consumers perceived higher levels of reliability, assurance, and empathy from human agents compared to SSTs, but did not perceive a significant difference in responsiveness. Furthermore, the service quality dimensions affected consumer satisfaction differently when receiving service from human agents versus SSTs. This study raises important implications for research and practice.
The Association of Aging with White Matter Integrity and Functional Connectivity Hubs

Normal aging is associated with reduced cerebral structural integrity and altered functional brain activity, yet the association of aging with the relationship between structural and functional brain changes remains unclear. Using combined diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) modalities, we hypothesized that aging-related changes in white matter integrity (i.e., fractional anisotropy) was associated with the short- or long-range functional connectivity density (FCD) in hub regions. We tested this hypothesis by using a healthy aging cohort comprised of 140 younger adults aged 20–39 years and 109 older adults aged 60–79 years. Compared with the younger group, older adults exhibited widespread reductions in white matter integrity with selective preservation in brain stem tracts and the cingulum connected to the hippocampus and cingulate cortex, whereas FCD mapping in older adults showed a reduced FCD in the visual, somatosensory, and motor functional networks and an increased FCD in the default mode network. The older adults exhibited significantly increased short- or long-range FCD in functional hubs of the precuneus, posterior, and middle cingulate, and thalamus, hippocampus, fusiform, and inferior temporal cortex. Furthermore, DTI-fMRI relationship were predominantly identified in older adults in whom short- and long-range FCD in the left precuneus was negatively correlated to structural integrity of adjacent and nonadjacent white matter tracts, respectively. We also found that long-range FCD in the left precuneus was positively correlated to cognitive function. These results support the compensatory hypothesis of neurocognitive aging theory and reveal the DTI-fMRI relationship associated with normal aging.
An introduction to motivic integration

By associating a `motivic integral' to every complex projective variety X with at worst canonical, Gorenstein singularities, Kontsevich proved that, when there exists a crepant resolution of singularities Y of X, the Hodge numbers of Y do not depend upon the choice of the resolution. In this article we provide an elementary introduction to the theory of motivic integration, leading to a proof of the result described above. We calculate the motivic integral of several quotient singularities and discuss these calculations in the context of the cohomological McKay correspondence.
Occupational Accidents of Finnish-and Swedish-Speaking Workers in Finland: A Mental Model View

This article is based on 2 studies. The aim of the first study was to examine the differences in occupational accident frequency between the 2 main language groups in Finland. Based on 3 independent statistical data sets, it was shown that Swedish-speaking workers had about 40% fewer occupational accidents than Finnish-speaking workers. The aim of the second study was to confirm the difference at company level. A field study in the province of Vaasa with 14 small and medium-sized manufacturing companies revealed that the accident frequency of Swedish-speaking workers was 21% lower than that of Finnish-speaking workers.
The Multifaceted Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on the Hallmarks of Cancer

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, in particular eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid have been shown to have multiple beneficial antitumour actions that affect the essential alterations that dictate malignant growth. In this review we explore the putative mechanisms of action of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in cancer protection in relation to self-sufficiency in growth signals, insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals, apoptosis, limitless replicative potential, sustained angiogenesis, and tissue invasion, and how these will hopefully translate from bench to bedside.
Do Community-Managed Schools Facilitate Social Capital Accumulation? Evidence from the COGES Project in Burkina Faso

In this paper, we investigate the role of a School Management Committee (COGES) in facili- tating social capital among community members and teachers. We employ unique data from Burkina Faso, where the COGES project was recently introduced. To determine the individual level of social capital of each community member and teacher, we conduct public goods games, one of the standard artefactual field experiments, with monetary rewards. Using in- strumental variable and propensity score matching methods, we obtain several findings. First, we find that the COGES project increases the level of social capital significantly. This finding is robust across different econometric specifications and methodologies. According to our point estimates, the amount of voluntary contribution to public goods increases by 16% to 27%. Second, the social capital facilitation effect of COGES varies based on the characteristics of the participant: while those who are more educated tended to have a lower level of social capital, Muslims have a higher level of social capital with COGES. Third, our qualitative re- sults are maintained if we use the subjective assessment data of social capital based on the General Social Survey (GSS) questions.
Can Land Use Policy Really Affect Travel Behavior? A Study of the Link between Non-Work Travel and Land Use Characteristics

Planners are increasingly viewing land use policies as a way to manage transportation demand. Yet the evidence on the link between land use and travel behavior is inconclusive. This paper uses travel diary data for Southern California residents to examine the demand for non-work travel. Both non-work automobile trips and non-work miles travelled by car are modelled as a function of individual sociodemographic variables and land use characteristics near the person's place of residence. The land use variables are rarely statistically significant, and diagnostic tests suggest that land use (and thus residential location choice) is endogeneous to non-work travel. The implications are twofold. The link between land use and non-work travel is weak at best, at least for the sample studied here, and future research should treat residential location and thus nearby land use characteristics as endogeneous in models of travel behavior.
The effect of estradiol, but not progesterone, on the production of cytokines in stimulated whole blood, is concentration-dependent.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of estradiol and progesterone on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin (IL)-12, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) productions in polyclonal activators (phytohemagglutinin+lipopolysaccharide)-stimulated whole blood cultures. METHODS Nineteen healthy males and females volunteered in the study. Blood samples were drawn, diluted, and cultured for 24h with different concentrations of estradiol, progesterone or hydrocortisone and then PHA+LPS was added for another 24 h. The supernatant, then, was harvested and assayed for IL-12 p70, IFN-gamma, IL-10 and TNF-alpha. RESULTS At preovulatory concentrations, estradiol enhanced significantly IFN-gamma, IL-12 and IL-10, but not TNF-alpha, production levels and reversed the suppressive effect of hydrocortisone in PHA+LPS stimulated whole blood. While IL-10 levels kept increasing at pregnancy estradiol concentrations, IFN-gamma, IL-12 levels and IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratio decreased significantly. No effect of progesterone on IL-12 p70, IFN-gamma, IL-10 and TNF production levels was observed. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that those pregnancy estradiol concentrations (and higher) enhance the production of IL-10 and reduce IL-12, IFN-gamma levels and IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratio in stimulated whole blood cells. Because of the known IL-10 inhibitory actions on T helper (Th) 1 cells and monocytes/macrophages, these high IL-10 levels keep Th2 cytokines favored during pregnancy and may be useful in shifting Th1-mediated autoimmune diseases towards non-pathogenic Th2 pathway.
An Empirical Examination of the Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility Orientation and Personal Value of Managers

Leadership style in service enterprises can significantly affect service innovation. This paper takes psychological empowerment and staffs’ satisfaction as intermediary variables to study the relationship between leadership style and service innovation. We find that humane care and knowledge aid in leadership style can affect psychological empowerment and staffs’ satisfaction positively, leaders’ charm can affect staffs’ satisfaction positively, but exception management can reduce staffs’ satisfaction. Both psychological empowerment and satisfaction can have significant predictive power on service innovation. Therefore, the managers in service enterprise should carefully consider their own leadership style, pay attention to use human care and knowledge aid to promote service innovation.
On the maximum workload of a queue fed by fractional Brownian motion

Consider a queue with a stochastic ﬂuid input process modeled as fractional Brownian motion (fBM). When the queue is stable, we prove that the maximum of the workload process observed over an interval of length t grows like γ (cid:1) log t (cid:2) 1 / (cid:1) 2 − 2 H (cid:2) , where H > 1 / 2 is the self-similarity index (also known as the Hurst parameter) that characterizes the fBM and can be explicitly computed. Consequently, we also have that the typical time required to reach a level b grows like exp (cid:4) b 2 (cid:1) 1 − H (cid:2) (cid:5) . We also discuss the implication of these results for statistical estimation of the tail probabilities associated with the steady-state workload distribution.