Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High Precision Density Measurements of Single Particles: The Density of Metastable Phases

We describe a system designed to measure the size, composition, and density of individual spherical particles in real time. It uses a Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA) to select a monodisperse particle population and the single particle mass spectrometer to measure individual particle aerodynamic diameter. Together the mobility and aerodynamic diameters yield particle density. The mass spectrometer aerodynamic sizing resolution d ν a /Δ d ν a is ∼ 50 and > 100 for 200 nm and 800 nm particles respectively and together with the DMA the overall system resolution is 20. We demonstrate that the line shape of the aerodynamic size distribution can be used to identify asphericity. We present results from two operational schemes: one suitable for most applications, yielding particle density with a precision of ± 2.5%, and a high precision variant, that uses an internal calibrant to remove any of the systematic errors and significantly improves the measurement quality. The high precision scheme is most suitable for laboratory studies, making it possible to follow slight changes in particle density. An application of the system to measure the density of hygroscopic particles in deep metastable phases near zero relative humidity is presented. The density data presented here are consistent with conclusions reached in a number of other studies, namely, that some particle systems, once deliquesced, persist as droplets down to near zero relative humidity.
A multiband LTE SAW-less CMOS transmitter with source-follower-drived passive mixers, envelope-tracked RF-PGAs, and Marchand baluns

We present a multiband LTE SAW-less CMOS transmitter. Source followers, which drive passive mixers, contribute to the small-area and low-power transmitter. An envelope-tracking technique improves the linearity of RF programmable gain amplifiers, and Marchand baluns are suitable for multiband operation. The transmitter, which includes digital-to-analog converts and a phase-locked loop, covers 700 MHz to 2.6 GHz with -42 dBc ACLR. RX-band noise of -161 dBc/Hz is good enough for SAW-less operation.
Should medical students be routinely offered BCG vaccination?

BCG vaccination is no longer routinely offered to all medical students in Victoria. Practices in Australia's 15 medical schools vary widely with respect to BCG vaccination and surveillance for tuberculosis (TB) infection during the medical course. Health care workers can be exposed to TB in Australian hospitals, but the risk is much higher if they undertake work in countries with a high prevalence of TB, such as during student electives. BCG vaccination is safe, cheap and protects 50% or more of recipients from active TB, including multidrug‐resistant TB. Protection is long‐lasting, requires only a single dose, and there is new evidence that BCG may prevent primary infections, not just active disease. Although BCG vaccination interferes with the interpretation of the tuberculin skin test (TST), newer tests (QuantiFERON‐TB Gold, T‐SPOT.TB) are unaffected by BCG vaccination. We propose a standard approach for all Australian medical students that includes screening with TST and QuantiFERON‐TB Gold/T‐SPOT.TB at course entry, and recommending BCG vaccination for students who test negative, provided they have not previously received BCG vaccine.
Detection of acute cerebral hemorrhage in rabbits by magnetic induction

Acute cerebral hemorrhage (ACH) is an important clinical problem that is often monitored and studied with expensive devices such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography. These devices are not readily available in economically underdeveloped regions of the world, emergency departments, and emergency zones. We have developed a less expensive tool for non-contact monitoring of ACH. The system measures the magnetic induction phase shift (MIPS) between the electromagnetic signals on two coils. ACH was induced in 6 experimental rabbits and edema was induced in 4 control rabbits by stereotactic methods, and their intracranial pressure and heart rate were monitored for 1 h. Signals were continuously monitored for up to 1 h at an exciting frequency of 10.7 MHz. Autologous blood was administered to the experimental group, and saline to the control group (1 to 3 mL) by injection of 1-mL every 5 min. The results showed a significant increase in MIPS as a function of the injection volume, but the heart rate was stable. In the experimental (ACH) group, there was a statistically significant positive correlation of the intracranial pressure and MIPS. The change of MIPS was greater in the ACH group than in the control group. This high-sensitivity system could detect a 1-mL change in blood volume. The MIPS was significantly related to the intracranial pressure. This observation suggests that the method could be valuable for detecting early warning signs in emergency medicine and critical care units.
A comparison of the biochemical modifications caused by toxic and non-toxic protein oligomers in cells

Peptides and proteins can convert from their soluble forms into highly ordered fibrillar aggregates, giving rise to pathological conditions ranging from neurodegenerative disorders to systemic amyloidoses. It is increasingly recognized that protein oligomers forming early in the process of fibril aggregation represent the pathogenic species in protein deposition diseases. The N‐terminal domain of the HypF protein from Escherichia coli (HypF‐N) has previously been shown to form, under distinct conditions, two types of HypF‐N oligomers with indistinguishable morphologies but distinct structural features at the molecular level. Only the oligomer type exposing hydrophobic surfaces and possessing sufficient structural plasticity is toxic (type A), whereas the other type is benign to cultured cells (type B). Here we show that only type A oligomers are able to induce a Ca2+ influx from the cell medium to the cytosol, to penetrate the plasma membrane, to increase intracellular reactive oxygen species production, lipid peroxidation and release of intracellular calcein, resulting in the activation of the apoptotic pathway. Remarkably, these oligomers can also induce a loss of cholinergic neurons when injected into rat brains. By contrast, markers of cellular stress and viability were unaffected in cultured and rat neuronal cells exposed to type B oligomers. The analysis of the time scales of such effects indicates that the difference of toxicity between the two oligomer types involve the early events of the toxicity cascade, shedding new light on the mechanism of action of protein oligomers and on the molecular targets for the therapeutic intervention against protein deposition diseases.
Physical-layer identification of UHF RFID tags

In this work, we study physical-layer identification of passive UHF RFID tags. We collect signals from a population of 70 tags using a purpose-built reader and we analyze time domain and spectral features of the collected signals. We show that, based on timing features of the signals, UHF RFID tags can be classified, independently of the location and distance to the reader (evaluated up to 6 meters), with an accuracy of approx. 71% (within our population). Additionally, we show that is possible to uniquely identify a maximum of approx. 26 UHF RFID tags independently of the population size. We analyze the implications of these results on tag holder privacy. We further show that, in controlled environments, UHF RFID tags can be uniquely identified based on their signal spectral features with an Equal Error Rate of 0% (within our population); we discuss the application of those techniques to cloning detection in RFID-enabled supply chains.
Space-time coded OFDM for high data-rate wireless communication over wideband channels

There has been an increasing interest in providing high data-rate services such as video-conferencing, multimedia Internet access and wide area network over wideband wireless channels. Wideband wireless channels available in the PCS band (2 GHz) have been envisioned to be used by mobile (high Doppler) and stationary (low Doppler) units in a variety of delay spread profiles. This is a challenging task, given the limited link budget and severity of wireless environment, and calls for the development of novel robust bandwidth efficient techniques which work reliably at low SNRs. To this end, we design a space-time coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulated physical layer. This combines coding and modulation. Space-time codes were previously proposed for narrowband wireless channels. These codes have high spectral efficiency and operate at very low SNR (within 2-3 dB of the capacity). On the other hand, OFDM has matured as a modulation scheme for wideband channels. We combine these two in a natural manner and propose a system achieving data rates of 1.5-3 Mbps over a 1 MHz bandwidth channel. This system requires 18-23 dB (resp. 9-14 dB) receive SNR at a frame error probability of 10/sup -2/ with two transmit and one receive antennas (resp. two transmit and two receive antennas). As space-time coding does not require any form of interleaving, the proposed system is attractive for delay-sensitive applications.
Automatic phase alignment for a fully integrated CMOS Cartesian feedback power amplifier system

A phase alignment system is used in an IC that fully integrates a 14.2dBm PA, Cartesian feedback, and phase-alignment circuitry. The alignment system consumes 8.5mW from a 2.5V supply, uses a 2GHz carrier, and rejects phase disturbances over a 180/spl deg/ range. The IC was fabricated in a 0.25/spl mu/m CMOS process.
CRAUL: Compiler and run-time integration for adaptation under load

Clusters of workstations provide a cost-effective, high performance parallel computing environment. These environments, however, are often shared by multiple users, or may consist of heterogeneous machines. As a result, parallel applications executing in these environments must operate despite unequal computational resources. For maximum performance, applications should automatically adapt execution to maximize use of the available resources. Ideally, this adaptation should be transparent to the application programmer. In this paper, we present CRAUL (Compiler and Run-Time Integration for Adaptation Under Load), a system that dynamically balances computational load in a parallel application. Our target run-time is software-based distributed shared memory (SDSM). SDSM is a good target for parallelizing compilers since it reduces compile-time complexity by providing data caching and other support for dynamic load balancing. CRAUL combines compile-time support to identify data access patterns with a run-time system that uses the access information to intelligently distribute the parallel workload in loop-based programs. The distribution is chosen according to the relative power of the processors and so as to minimize SDSM overhead and maximize locality. We have evaluated the resulting load distribution in the presence of different types of load – computational, computational and memory intensive, and network load. CRAUL performs within 5–23% of ideal in the presence of load, and is able to improve on naive compiler-based work distribution that does not take locality into account even in the absence of load.
Examining the Use of Region Web Counts for ESL Error Detection

Significant work is being done to develop NLP systems that can detect writing errors produced by non-native English speakers. A major issue, however, is the lack of available error-annotated training data needed to build statistical models that drive these major systems. As a result, many systems are trained on well-formed text with no modeling of typical errors that non-native speakers produce. To address this issue, we propose a novel method of using geographic region-specific web counts to detect typical errors in the writing of non-native speakers. In this paper we describe the approach, and present an analysis of the issues involved when using web counts.
Toward a Multidimensional Model of Entrepreneurship: The Case of Achievement Motivation and the Entrepreneur

The results of studies attempting to link achievement motivation and entrepreneurship are reviewed. Despite variability among the studies regarding samples, operationalization of achievement motivation, and its measurement, a fairly consistent relationship between achievement motivation and entrepreneurship was found. This review of the research suggests that the study of psychological traits and motives should be continued, but that these variables should be more precisely operationalized, measured with valid instruments, and included as one dimension in theory-driven, multidimensional research models of entrepreneurship.
Evaluation of Radar Detection Performances in Low Grazing Angle Clutter Environment

The clutter encountered in low grazing angle situations is generally a non gaussian impulsive noise resulting in a mismatching of the classical radar detector adjusted to the detection threshold of the gaussian hypothesis. To estimate the true detection performances of the radar, one has to take into account not only the power of the noise (as made in the classical ”Constant False Alarm Rate ” (CFAR) detector) but also its distribution. The method of radar detection performances analysis described in this paper consists, first, in modelisation, thanks to Padé approximation, of the true Probability Density Function (PDF) of the noise envelope (clutter, thermal noise and clutter, Radar Cross Section (RCS) fluctuations, : : : ) from experimental data and exploits the special mathematical structure of these estimated PDF in order to, in a second step, evaluate the capability of radar detection of a target (fluctuating or not) which would be embedded, in phase and amplitude, in this noise. This method is also used in order to derive the expressions of the Optima Radar Detectors in estimating the so-called characteristic function, characterizing the non-gaussianity of the multidimensionnal clutter in ” SIRP ” representation (Spherically Invariant Random Process). It is also possible to use the method to evaluate the performances of those detectors.
Religiosity, Values, and Horizontal and Vertical Individualism—Collectivism: A Study of Turkey, the United States, and the Philippines

The authors examined the links between two dimensions that have been useful in understanding cross-cultural differences and similarities, namely, individualism-collectivism (I-C) and value orientations. The authors examined the relations and parallels between the two variables by directly relating them and examining the patterns of relations that both have with a third variable, religiosity. Participants were 475 college students from the Philippines, the United States, and Turkey who responded to measures of horizontal and vertical I-C, value orientations, and religiosity. The authors found partial support for the parallels between I-C and value types, particularly for collectivism and conservative values. Moreover, religiosity was associated positively with conservative values and collectivism, across all three cultures. The authors found individualism to also relate to openness-to-change values, though the patterns were not as consistent as those that they found between collectivism and conservation. Differences and similarities emerged in links of I-C-values to religiosity across the three samples.
Multi-Agent Cooperation and the Emergence of (Natural) Language

The current mainstream approach to train natural language systems is to expose them to large amounts of text. This passive learning is problematic if we are interested in developing interactive machines, such as conversational agents. We propose a framework for language learning that relies on multi-agent communication. We study this learning in the context of referential games. In these games, a sender and a receiver see a pair of images. The sender is told one of them is the target and is allowed to send a message from a fixed, arbitrary vocabulary to the receiver. The receiver must rely on this message to identify the target. Thus, the agents develop their own language interactively out of the need to communicate. We show that two networks with simple configurations are able to learn to coordinate in the referential game. We further explore how to make changes to the game environment to cause the "word meanings" induced in the game to better reflect intuitive semantic properties of the images. In addition, we present a simple strategy for grounding the agents' code into natural language. Both of these are necessary steps towards developing machines that are able to communicate with humans productively.
EEG delta oscillations index inhibitory control of contextual novelty to both irrelevant distracters and relevant task-switch cues.

Delta oscillations contribute to the human P300 event-related potential evoked by oddball targets, although it is unclear whether they index contextual novelty (event oddballness, novelty P3, nP3), or target-related processes (event targetness, target P3b). To examine this question, the electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded during a cued task-switching version of the Wisconsin card-sorting test. Each target card was announced by a tone cueing either to switch or repeat the task. Novel sound distracters were interspersed among trials. Time-frequency EEG analyses revealed bursts of delta (2-4 Hz) power associated with enhanced nP3 amplitudes to both task-switch cues and novel distracters-but no association with target P3b. These findings indicate that the P300-delta response indexes contextual novelty regardless of whether novelty emanates from endogenous (new task rules) or exogenous (novel distracters) sources of information.
Evidence of Black Hole Spin in GX 339–4: XMM-Newton/EPIC-pn and RXTE Spectroscopy of the Very High State

We have analyzed spectra of the Galactic black hole GX 339-4 obtained through simultaneous 76 ks XMM-Newton/EPIC-pn and 10 ks Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer observations during a bright phase of its 2002-2003 outburst. An extremely skewed, relativistic Fe Kα emission line and ionized disk reflection spectrum are revealed in these spectra. Self-consistent models for the Fe Kα emission-line profile and disk reflection spectrum rule out an inner disk radius compatible with a Schwarzschild black hole at more than the 8 σ level of confidence. The best-fit inner disk radius of (2-3)rg suggests that GX 339-4 harbors a black hole with a ≥ 0.8-0.9 (where rg = GM/c2 and a = cJ/GM2, and assuming that reflection in the plunging region is relatively small). This confirms indications for black hole spin based on a Chandra spectrum obtained later in the outburst. The emission line and reflection spectrum also rule out a standard power-law disk emissivity in GX 339-4; a broken power-law form with enhanced emissivity inside ~6rg gives improved fits at more than the 8 σ level of confidence. The extreme red wing of the line and the steep emissivity require a centrally concentrated source of hard X-rays that can strongly illuminate the inner disk. Hard X-ray emission from the base of a jet—enhanced by gravitational light-bending effects—could create the concentrated hard X-ray emission; this process may be related to magnetic connections between the black hole and the inner disk. We discuss these results within the context of recent results from analyses of XTE J1650-500 and MCG -6-30-15, and of models for the inner accretion flow environment around black holes.
Linked Evolution of Gas and Star Formation in Galaxies Over Cosmic History

We compare the cosmic evolution of star formation rates in galaxies with that of their neutral hydrogen densities. We highlight the need for neutral hydrogen to be continually replenished from a reservoir of ionized gas to maintain the observed star formation rates in galaxies. Hydrodynamic simulations indicate that the replenishment may occur naturally through gas infall, although measured rates of gas infall in nearby galaxies are insufficient to match consumption. We identify an alternative mechanism for this replenishment, associated with expanding supershells within galaxies. Preexisting ionized gas can cool and recombine efficiently in the walls of supershells, molecular gas can form in situ in shell walls, and shells can compress preexisting molecular clouds to trigger collapse and star formation. We show that this mechanism provides replenishment rates sufficient to maintain both the observed H I mass density and the inferred molecular gas mass density over the redshift range 0 ⩽ z≲ 5.
Basic Description Logics

This chapter provides an introduction to Description Logics as a formal language for representing knowledge and reasoning about it. It first gives a short overview of the ideas underlying Description Logics. Then it introduces syntax and semantics, covering the basic constructors that are used in systems or have been introduced in the literature, and the way these constructors can be used to build knowledge bases. Finally, it defines the typical inference problems, shows how they are interrelated, and describes different approaches for effectively solving these problems. Some of the topics that are only briefly mentioned in this chapter will be treated in more detail in subsequent chapters.
Marginalizing stacked linear denoising autoencoders

Stacked denoising autoencoders (SDAs) have been successfully used to learn new representations for domain adaptation. They have attained record accuracy on standard benchmark tasks of sentiment analysis across different text domains. SDAs learn robust data representations by reconstruction, recovering original features from data that are artificially corrupted with noise. In this paper, we propose marginalized Stacked Linear Denoising Autoencoder (mSLDA) that addresses two crucial limitations of SDAs: high computational cost and lack of scalability to high-dimensional features. In contrast to SDAs, our approach of mSLDA marginalizes noise and thus does not require stochastic gradient descent or other optimization algorithms to learn parameters -- in fact, the linear formulation gives rise to a closed-form solution. Consequently, mSLDA, which can be implemented in only 20 lines of MATLAB™, is about two orders of magnitude faster than a corresponding SDA. Furthermore, the representations learnt by mSLDA are as effective as the traditional SDAs, attaining almost identical accuracies in benchmark tasks.
Decoding Nonverbal Ability: A Theoretical Model for the Acquisition of Nonverbal Decoding Skill

iv LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF FIGURES . ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . x CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 A Clarification of Concepts . 5 Justification . 6 CHAPTER TWO: CURRENT THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES . 8 Learning Models . 9 Social Learning . 11 Co-development of Language and Gesture . 13 Mirror Neurons . 16 Evolution and Genetics . 19 Additional Perspectives on Nonverbal Learning . 22 CHAPTER THREE: METHOD . 28 Data Collection . 28 Data Analysis . 31 Theory Construction . 33 Causal Claims . 34
Free-piston diesel engine timing and control - toward electronic cam- and crankshaft

The free-piston diesel engine replaces the crankshaft of the traditional diesel engine with a power turbine to convert energy from the exhaust gas. Hence, the pistons move freely in the cylinder, mainly influenced by pressure and friction forces. Instead, the motion of the pistons are controlled by an electronic control system - an electronic crankshaft. In addition, the camshaft is replaced by an electronic timing system that triggers and actuates the motion of the valves - an electronic camshaft. In this paper, we describe a hierarchical multirate electronic control system developed for an experimental engine, focusing on piston motion parameter estimation, valve and injector timing, and a piston motion control system. Experimental results with a full scale experimental test engine are included. The results show the effectiveness of the developed control strategy.