Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The international, global and intercultural dimensions in schools: an analysis of four internationalised Israeli schools

Many educational systems worldwide are making substantial efforts to integrate an international dimension into local schools, fostering significant changes in the processes of instruction and learning as well as transformations at pedagogical and organisational levels. In this paper, we analyse data collected in four schools in Israel that the local press and educational authorities have acknowledged as schools that prominently and comprehensively incorporated international, global and intercultural dimensions. We employ a case-study approach based on interviews with principals and teachers; analysis of schools' websites and documents; and on-site observations, in order to analyse the expression of internationalisation, understand who is involved in the implementation process, and stimulate thinking about the broader impact of this process. We find that ideological and pragmatic reasons underlie schools' motivations to internationalise; their population and status comprise major factors in the decision regarding how, where, why, and when to integrate international and intercultural dimensions. The stakeholders interviewed perceive of internationalisation as offering both cosmopolitan capital to the students and a distinctive feature to the school. The schools demonstrate diverse internationalisation patterns that are neither monitored nor guided by any regulatory agency. These findings contribute to the identification of the factors promoting or delaying the internalisation process and to the understanding of the impact of this process on schools.
Higher Order Thinking Skills and Low-Achieving Students: Are They Mutually Exclusive?

Fostering students' higher order thinking skills is considered an important educational goal. Although learning theories see the development of students' thinking as an important goal for all students, teachers often believe that stimulating higher order thinking is appropriate only for high-achieving students. According to this view, low-achieving students are, by and large, unable to deal with tasks that require higher order thinking skills and should thus be spared the frustration generated by such tasks. Because this view may cause teachers to treat students in a nonegalitarian way, it is important to find out whether or not it is supported by empirical evidence. The goal of this study is to examine this issue in light of four different studies, by asking the following question: Do low-achieving students gain from teaching and learning processes that are designed to foster higher order thinking skills? Each of the4 studies addressed a different project whose goal was to teach higher order thinking in science classrooms. Following a brief general description of each project, we provide an analysis of its effects on students with low and high achievements. The findings show that by the end of each of the 4 programs, students with high academic achievements gained higher thinking scores than their peers with low academic achievements. However, students of both subgroups made considerable progress with respect to their initial score. In one of the 4 studies the net gain of low achievers was significantly higher than for high achievers. Our findings strongly suggest that teachers should encourage students of all academic levels to engage in tasks that involve higher order thinking skills.
Noggin is required for induction of the hair follicle growth phase in postnatal skin

During postnatal development, the hair follicle (HF) shows cyclic activity with periods of relative resting, active growth (anagen), and regression. We demonstrate that similar to the HF induction in embryonic skin, initiation of a new hair growth phase in postnatal skin requires neutralization of the inhibitory activity of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) by the BMP antagonist noggin. In the resting HF, BMP4 mRNA predominates over noggin in the epithelium and mesenchyme, and the BMP receptor IA is prominently expressed in the follicular germ. Anagen development is accompanied by down‐regulation of the BMP4 and increased noggin mRNA in the HF. Furthermore, administration of noggin protein induces new hair growth phase in postnatal telogen skin in vivo. In contrast, BMP4 induces selective arrest of anagen development in the non‐tylotrich (secondary) HF. As a hair growth inducer, noggin increases Shh mRNA in the HF whereas BMP4 down‐regulates Shh. This suggests that modulation of BMP4 signaling by noggin is essential for hair growth phase induction in postnatal skin and that the hair growth‐inducing effect of noggin is mediated, at least in part, by Shh. —Botchkarev, V. A. , Botchkareva, N. V. , Nakamura, M. , Huber, O. , Funa, K. , Lauster, R. , Paus, R. , Gilchrest, B. A. Noggin is required for induction of the hair follicle growth phase in postnatal skin. FASEB J. 15, 2205–2214 (2001)
Variations in the Sensitivity of Instrumental Responding to Reinforcer Devaluation

In five experiments hungry rats were trained to make a lever press response for a sucrose reinforcer. That sucrose was subsequently devalued by conditioning a food-aversion to it, and the ability of the rats to integrate knowledge about the instrumental contingency with that gained from aversion training was assessed in an extinction test. Experiment I showed successful integration following limited but not extended instrumental training. Experiment II suggested that the crucial factor was the spacing of training; successful integration was seen after massed but not distributed training. The third experiment implicated distributed experience with the reinforcer, rather than distributed response practice, in failures of integration. Experiment IV showed that if the distribution of food-aversion learning was dissimilar to that of instrumental training then a failure of integration could result; this finding was able to account for the distribution of training effects seen in previous studies, but not the effect of extended training. Experiment V replicated the extended training effect seen in Experiment I, and provided evidence that this may reflect the degree of exposure to the reinforcer rather than the extent of response practice.
Multiple Determinants of Parenting: Predicting Individual Differences in Maternal Parenting Behavior with Toddlers

SYNOPSIS Objective. A comprehensive understanding of individual differences in maternal parenting behaviors cannot be realized without consideration of multiple determinants of parenting within the same study. The goal of the present study was to examine the association of 3 categories of determinants of parenting (i.e., parent personality, contextual sources of stress and support, and child effects) to individual differences in maternal parenting behaviors. Design. Supportive and controlling parenting and child social responsiveness were observed during 2 free-play sessions when toddlers (N = 140) were 30 to 36 months old. Mothers completed questionnaires measuring personality and contextual sources of stress and support. Results. More maternal supportive behaviors were predicted by higher levels of child social responsiveness. More maternal control was associated with lower socioeconomic status, more work outside of the home, more extraversion, and more neuroticism. Conclusions. Because the determinants of parenting that predicted maternal controlling behaviors were different from those that predicted supportive parenting behaviors, examining how multiple determinants of parenting relate to different aspects of parenting behavior is necessary to more fully understand individual difference in parenting behaviors.
Moving spaces and changing places: Irish women's memories of emigration to Britain in the 1930s

This paper engages with conceptualisations of place and space to explore the ways in which London has been constructed, encountered and negotiated as a series of racialised and gendered locales. The paper draws upon oral history narratives of 11 women who emigrated from Ireland to Britain in the 1930s. Arriving in Paddington or Euston station, these young women were confronted with a vast and seemingly unknowable city. The modern city can be interpreted as potentially liberating for young women as well as potentially threatening and dangerous. In this paper I explore the ways in which these women, now in their late 80s and early 90s, describe their youthful mobility within the city and their active negotiation of places and spaces. As live-in domestic servants these women inhabited an in-between space. Their 'home' place was also their workplace, thus the usual boundaries between work and home, public and private did not apply. Their free time was associated not with the familial, private, domestic place but with public spaces such as streets, shops, dancehalls and cinemas. However, these Irish women encountered the city not just as a gendered place but also as a racialised environment where their Irishness defined them as 'other', alien and outsider. In this paper I aim to discover not only how they encountered the city but also, and more interestingly, what strategies they used to actively negotiate the city in ways that sought to transform its vastness and anonymity into places that were familiar, manageable and enjoyable.
Factors affecting dental anxiety and beliefs in an Iranianpopulation

Introduction: The dentists feel influenced in taking care of patients, showing fear, anxiety, and avoidance in the dental situation. Objective: The aim of this study was to decide current prevalence of dental anxiety and fear in a population of high school students in Qazvin, Iran Method: The study group comprise of seven hundred and eighty randomly selected high school students participate in this research. There were 315 (40.38%) boys and 465 (59.62%) girls of the ages between 15 and 16 years. The questions were formulated to evaluate information without the need for dental examination. The data were obtained from the epidemiological study to assess anxiety and fear, with the questionnaire were used. We distributed questionnaires of, Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS), Dental Fear Survey (DFS). Result: According to the results, dental anxiety and fear were found to be noticeably higher in the study group. 29% were found High anxiety and also in 21.8% of students had high fear in 30.4% of the study subjects, in that order the highest anxiety and fear levels were found in adolescents who had an extraction at their last visit. Those adultcent who had visited the dentist recently found to have higher fear and anxiety levels, while lower fear and anxiety levels were associated with adolescents who had never been to the dentist. The lowest fear and anxiety levels were oral prophylaxes. Conclusion: According to our finding it may conclude that anxiety and fear are high among the students with previous traumatic dental exposure
Remorse in oral and handwritten false confessions

Purpose The search for objective markers of a true versus false confession is an important but under-researched area. In the first study of its kind, we examined the utility of expressions of remorse as a marker of a true compared with a false oral versus written confession. Methods We elicited both written and oral false confessional statements and true accounts from 85 participants. Results Results showed that the proportion of remorseful words that participants produced was significantly higher in their true compared with their false confessions, in both oral and written confession modalities. Furthermore, an acoustic analysis of oral confessions revealed that participants' remorseful utterances were significantly louder in their true compared with their false confessions. Conclusions These findings suggest that the presence and nature of remorseful utterances in oral and written statements are useful in the identification of true versus false confessions.
Clinical Features of Rapidly Progressive Alzheimer’s Disease

Objective: To characterize clinical features, CSF biomarkers and genetic polymorphisms of patients suffering from a rapidly progressing subtype of Alzheimer’s dementia (rpAD). Methods: Retrospective analyses of 32 neuropathologically confirmed cases differentially diagnosed as AD out of a group with rapidly progressive dementia. CSF biomarkers (14-3-3, tau, β-amyloid 1–42) and genetic markers (PRNP codon 129, apolipoprotein E, ApoE, polymorphism) were determined. Results: Median survival was 26 months, age at onset 73 years. Biomarkers: mean β-amyloid 1–42: 266 pg/ml, median tau: 491 pg/ml, 14-3-3 positive: 31%. Genetic polymorphisms showed a predominance of methionine homozygosity at PRNP codon 129 and a low frequency of ApoE4 (38%, no homozygous patients). Thirty-five symptoms were studied. Frequent symptoms were myoclonus (75%), disturbed gait (66%) and rigidity (50%). Discussion: rpAD is associated with a diversity of neurological signs even able to mimic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Biomarkers and genetic profile differ from those seen in classical AD. The findings on biomarkers, symptomatology and genetics may aid the differential diagnostic process.
Deciding Upon Mode of Trial

This article presents the findings of an empirical research project into mode of trial decision making. While policy makers have consistently focused upon the role of defendants in electing Crown Court trial, less attention has been paid to the roles of prosecutors and magistrates. However, the evidence suggests that they are responsible for the majority of triable either way cases that reach the Crown Court, and tackling local court cultures may be a more effective way of limiting the use of the Crown Court.
3D Object Proposals for Accurate Object Class Detection

The goal of this paper is to generate high-quality 3D object proposals in the context of autonomous driving. Our method exploits stereo imagery to place proposals in the form of 3D bounding boxes. We formulate the problem as minimizing an energy function encoding object size priors, ground plane as well as several depth informed features that reason about free space, point cloud densities and distance to the ground. Our experiments show significant performance gains over existing RGB and RGB-D object proposal methods on the challenging KITTI benchmark. Combined with convolutional neural net (CNN) scoring, our approach outperforms all existing results on all three KITTI object classes.
Diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: multicenter evaluation of a newly developed anti-HIV 1 and 2 enzyme immunoassay

A new anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 (anti-HIV 1 and 2) test is described. It uses recombinant p24 and peptides covering gp32, gp41, and gp120 to identify HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections. This test has been shown to be specific (99.5%) and sensitive (99.8%). In this respect, the assay was equal or superior to anti-HIV 1 and 2 tests run as references. The test was able to discriminate sera from patients with HIV infections from those from uninfected individuals with excellence; it also exerted high intra- and interassay precisions. The "modular" concept of the test allows the use of single components (gp32 or gp41) to separate between HIV-2 and HIV-1 infections, respectively.
Evidence for two different gas vesicle proteins and genes in Halobacterium halobium

Most halobacteria produce gas vesicles (GV). The well-characterized species Halobacterium halobium and some GV+ revertants of GV- mutants of H. halobium produce large amounts of GV which have a spindlelike shape. Most other GV+ revertants of H. halobium GV- mutants and other recently characterized halobacterial wild-type strains possess GV with a cylindrical form. The number of intact particles in the latter isolates is only 10 to 30% of that of H. halobium. Analysis of GV envelope proteins (GVPs) by electrophoresis on phenol-acetic acid-urea gels showed that the GVP of the highly efficient GV-producing strains migrated faster than the GVP of the low-GV-producing strains. The relative molecular mass of the GVP was estimated to be 19 kilodaltons (kDa) for high-producing strains (GVP-A) and 20 kDa for low-producing strains (GVP-B). Amino acid sequence analysis of the first 40 amino acids of the N-terminal parts of GVP-A and GVP-B indicated that the two proteins differed in two defined positions. GVP-B, in relation to GVP-A, had Gly-7 and Val-28 always replaced by Ser-7 and Ile-28, respectively. These data suggest that at least two different gvp genes exist in H. halobium NRL. This was directly demonstrated by hybridization experiments with gvp-specific DNA probes. A fragment of plasmid pHH1 and a chromosomal fragment of H. halobium hybridized to the probes. Only a chromosomal fragment hybridized to the same gyp probes when both chromosomal and plasmid DNAs from the low-GV-producing halobacterial wild-type strains SB3 and GN101 were examined. These findings support the assumption that GVP-A is expressed by a pHH1-associated gvp gene and GVP-B by a chromosomal gvp gene.
Hepcidin plasma levels are not associated with changes in haemoglobin in early rheumatoid arthritis patients

Objective: A reduction in haemoglobin level is a frequent complication among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Hepcidin has been linked to disturbed erythropoiesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the longitudinal changes in hepcidin in patients with early RA. Method: Hepcidin plasma concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients with early RA (n = 80) and healthy volunteers (HV, n = 40). Haemoglobin and other iron-related proteins were also measured. At baseline, all patients had active disease and were treatment naïve. Patients were treated with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and with additional adalimumab (ADA, n = 42) or placebo (PLA, n = 38) during 52 weeks, using a treat-to-target strategy, aiming for a 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) < 3.2. Results: At baseline, hepcidin levels [median (interquartile range)] were 9.7 ng/mL (5.2–19.4 ng/mL) in DMARD + ADA and 11.3 ng/mL (5.9–19.1 ng/mL) in DMARD + PLA. Both were significantly higher than seen in HV (6.0 ng/mL (3.3–9.3 ng/mL) (p < 0.001). After 12 months, both treatment regimens resulted in normalization of hepcidin. DAS28 correlated with hepcidin at baseline (r = 0.48, p < 0.001). No correlation was observed between levels of haemoglobin and hepcidin at baseline or during the 52 week follow-up. No change in haemoglobin levels was seen as a function of hepcidin changes. In a mixed statistical model, no single factor was connected with the regulation of haemoglobin in early RA. Conclusion: The changes in hepcidin were not associated with changes in haemoglobin levels. Thus, hepcidin could not be used as a prognostic marker in patients with early RA.
MR imaging of the wrist in carpal tunnel syndrome

Purpose: to determine whether specific parameters measured on MR images correlated to electrophysiological changes in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) Material and Methods: Prospective clinical examinations were made of 20 patients with suspected CTS. We performed bilateral electrophysiological examinations of the median nerve and bilateral MR imaging of the wrists Results: the electrophysiological examination suggested median nerve entrapment in 18 wrists. These wrists were compared to the remaining 22 electrophysiologically normal wrists. in addition, we compared both wrists in 12 patients with unilateral symptoms of CTS without reference to the electrophysiological findings. We found no difference in specific MR parameters between the 2 groups Conclusion: Neither symptoms nor electrophysiological findings in CTS were related to specific MR parameters
Shadow enhancers: Frequently asked questions about distributed cis‐regulatory information and enhancer redundancy

This paper, in the form of a frequently asked questions page (FAQ), addresses outstanding questions about “shadow enhancers”, quasi‐redundant cis‐regulatory elements, and their proposed roles in transcriptional control. Questions include: What exactly are shadow enhancers? How many genes have shadow/redundant/distributed enhancers? How redundant are these elements? What is the function of distributed enhancers? How modular are enhancers? Is it useful to study a single enhancer in isolation? In addition, a revised definition of “shadow enhancers” is proposed, and possible mechanisms of shadow enhancer function and evolution are discussed.
PARENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR ADOLESCENT CHILDREN, PARENTAL RESOURCES, AND PARENTS' SATISFACTION WITH THE PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP

Building on Belsky's process model of the determinants of parenting and using a nationally representative dataset of U.S. adolescents, this article examines the relationship between parental satisfaction and parents' perceptions of their adolescents and their own personal and social resources. As such, it provides a coherent framework for understanding parental well-being during a critical stage of the family life course. The results suggest that parental satisfaction is negatively related to parents' perceptions that their adolescents are involved in problem behaviors or experiencing challenges in other domains of their lives; however, the relationship between parental satisfaction and adolescents' problem behaviors is mediated by parents' perceptions of their adolescents' characters, including whether or not they have a bad temper and their levels of trustworthiness. With respect to personal and social resources, parents' educational achievement and marital status are positively related to parental satisfaction, and the level of conflict in the spousal relationship is negatively related to parental satisfaction.
The complex, variable near-infrared extinction towards the Nuclear Bulge

Using deep J-, H- and K S -band observations, we have studied the near-infrared extinction of the Nuclear Bulge, and find significant, complex variations on small physical scales. We have applied a new variable near-infrared colour excess (V-NICE) method to measure the extinction; this method allows for variation in both the extinction law parameter a and the degree of absolute extinction on very small physical scales. We see significant variation in both these parameters on scales of 5 arcsec. In our observed fields, representing a random sample of sight lines to the Nuclear Bulge, we measure a to be 2.64 ± 0.52, compared to the canonical 'universal' value of 2. Our measured levels of A KS are similar to previously measured results (1 ≤ A KS ≤ 4.5); however, the steeper extinction law results in higher values for A J (4.5 ≤ A J ≤ 10) and A H (1.5 ≤ A H ≤ 6.5). Only when the extinction law is allowed to vary on the smallest scales can we recover self-consistent measures of the absolute extinction at each wavelength, allowing accurate reddening corrections for field star photometry in the Nuclear Bulge. The steeper extinction law slope also suggests that previous conversions of near-infrared extinction to A V may need to be reconsidered. Finally, we find that the measured values of extinction are significantly dependent on the filter transmission functions of the instrument used to obtain the data. This effect must be taken into account when combining or comparing data from different instruments.