Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individual differences in children's understanding of emotion: The roles of attachment and language

There is accumulating evidence of a relationship between secure attachment and children's understanding of emotion (Fonagy & Target, 1997; Harris, 1999). The current experiment asked if this relationship is particularly evident when the test of emotion understanding includes attachment-related material or is equally marked on tests with and without attachment-related material. Children ranging from 3–6 years were given a novel test of emotion understanding (the Mother-Infant Separation Test Video) that incorporated provocative attachment themes and also an affectively neutral test of emotion understanding. They performed quite consistently on both types of test - either passing both or failing both. In addition, attachment security, measured concurrently by means of the Separation Anxiety Test, contributed to a correct performance on both tests. This contribution remained when other individual differences were controlled for (age, verbal mental age and gender). Possible explanations of the relationship between attachment and emotion understanding are discussed.
Market Set�?Up in Advance of Federal Reserve Policy Rate Decisions

This paper considers the uncertainty associated with upcoming Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) announcements and the extent to which the market begins to set up for such announcements well before they actually occur. We demonstrate that markets set up well in advance of known announcement days; as a result, there is often less uncertainty in the period immediately preceding an FOMC announcement, despite greater volume of activity, as the market has already incorporated anticipated signals. We consider the relative importance of both macro announcements and central bank officials' speeches and congressional testimony in shaping market expectations. We find substantial evidence of anticipatory effects; these results are particularly relevant as the Fed develops its communication strategy to achieve an orderly exit from its program of quantitative easing.
Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter-Related Vein Thrombosis in Patients With Lung Cancer

Background: Peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) are widely used in patients with cancer. Catheter usage is one of the risk factors for venous thromboembolism. We aimed to scrutinize the incidence and risk factors for PICC-related upper extremity venous thrombosis (UEVT) in patients with lung cancer receiving chemotherapy. Patients and Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with lung cancer with PICC insertion undergoing chemotherapy. Symptomatic PICC-UEVT was diagnosed by ultrasound. The relationship between chemotherapeutic agent exposure and PICC-UEVT was evaluated. Patient-, catheter-, and insertion-related factors were analyzed in univariable and multivariable logistic regression to identify significant independent risk factors for PICC-UEVT in patients with lung cancer. Results: A total of 328 patients with lung cancer having PICC undergoing chemotherapy were included, for a total of 34 895 catheter days. Seventeen (5.2%) patients developed PICC-related UEVT, with an incidence of 0.49 per 1000 catheter days. In multivariable logistic analysis, advanced disease was shown to be a significant risk factor for PICC-UEVT (odds ratio [OR]: 4.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-16.7; P = .011). Patients treated with etoposide had a higher risk of PICC-related UEVT (OR: 3.6; 95% CI: 1.1-12.1; P = .042). Patients were followed up after PICC removal for a median duration of 246 days. None of the patients developed pulmonary embolism. Conclusion: Patients with lung cancer harboring an advanced disease or treating with etoposide were at higher risk of PICC-UEVT.
Activism and leadership development: Examining the relationship between college student activism involvement and socially responsible leadership capacity

Title of Document: ACTIVISM AND LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT: EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COLLEGE STUDENT ACTIVISM INVOLVEMENT AND SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE LEADERSHIP CAPACITY Jeremy Dale Page, Doctor of Philosophy, 2010 Directed By: Professor Susan R. Komives Department of Counseling and Personnel Services The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between participation in student activism and leadership development among college students. This study applied the social change model of leadership development (SCM) as the theoretical model used to measure socially responsible leadership capacity in students. The study utilized data collected from the Multi-Institutional Study of Leadership (MSL), a research project examining the influences of higher education on leadership development in college students across the country. The sample of 12,510 students consisted of respondents who participated in a sub-study on student activism within the MSL survey. Hierarchical multiple regression models were constructed to investigate the research question using an adapted version of Astin‟s (1991) I-E-O college impact model. Regression models included participant demographic characteristics, pre-college experiences, institutional descriptors, and consideration of select college experiences in examining the relationship between activism and leadership development. Results indicated that the regression models explained a significant amount of the variance in participant scores. Participation and holding a leadership position in oncampus and off-campus organizations, community service conducted on one‟s own, and participation in an internship emerged as significant predictors of socially responsible leadership capacity among the collegiate experiences included in the model. Participation in activism also emerged as significant, as awareness of local, national, and global issues indicated influence on all leadership development measures, and participating in protests, contacting public officials, signing a petition, and buying or not buying products due to personal views significantly contributed to measures of citizenship. These findings served to address the existing gap in the literature pertaining to the relationship of student activism and leadership development, and indicated the developmental and educational potential to providing these experiences for students on campus. ACTIVISM AND LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT: EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COLLEGE STUDENT ACTIVISM INVOLVEMENT AND SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE LEADERSHIP CAPACITY
Governance Structure and Related Party Loan Guarantees: The Case of Chinese Family Business Groups

ABSTRACT Loan guarantees to related parties by affiliated subsidiaries within family controlled pyramids form a means by which the controlling family expropriates value from minority shareholders. The controlling family, however, will attempt to escape blame for the behavior. Using a sample of 1785 listed Chinese firms affiliated with family-controlled business groups, we explore how family governance structure affects the use of related party loan guarantees. As hypothesized, we find that affiliates with non-family chairmen, but with family directors or senior executives, issue larger volumes of loan guarantees to related parties, whereas affiliates with family chairmen and those with non-family interlocking chairmen do not. The behavior is moderated by regional institutional development.
Activation of complement mediates antiphospholipid antibody-induced pregnancy loss

Although it is clear that the specific antigenic reactivityof antiphospholipid(aPL) antibodiesis critical to their effect, the pathogenicmechanisms that resultin injury in vivo are incompletelyunderstood.We hyphothesized that aPL antibodies targeted to the placenta activate complement locally, generating split products that mediate placental injury and lead to foetal loss and growth retardation. To test this hypothesis, we used a murine model of APS in which pregnant mice are injected with human IgG containing aPL antibodies. Mice treated with inhibitors of complement activation and mice deficient in complement components were protected from aPL antibody-inducedfoetal damage. Although the cause of tissue injury in this disease is probably multifactoral, we have shown that complement activation is an absolute requirement for foetal loss and growth restriction and, therefore, that this pathway acts upstream of other important effector mechanisms. Identification of complement activation as a mechanism that is necessary for aPL-induced tissue damage and definition of the complement components necessary to trigger such injury is likely to lead to a better understandingof the pathogenesis of vascular and tissue injury in SLE and to new and improved treatments.
Market access and the heterogeneous effect of shocks on wages : Evidence from Chinese cities

New Economic Geography (NEG) models predict that locations with market access advantages have higher wages and larger labour inflows. Using comprehensive prefecture-city level data for China, the study estimates a wage equation derived from a NEG model. The results support the NEG explanation for wage disparities across cities. An application of shock experiments on 230 prefecture-cities in China shows that the average effect of income changes differs greatly across locations. In particular, income shocks generated in core cities have a higher average impact in the rest of the country than shocks generated elsewhere.
The Fifth Estate Emerging through the Network of Networks

Abstract The rise of the press, radio, television and other mass media enabled the development of an independent institution: the ‘Fourth Estate’, central to pluralist democratic processes. The growing use of the Internet and related digital technologies is creating a space for networking individuals in ways that enable a new source of accountability in government, politics and other sectors. This paper explains how this emerging ‘Fifth Estate’ is being established and why this could challenge the influence of other more established bases of institutional authority. It discusses approaches to the governance of this new social and political phenomenon that could nurture the Fifth Estate’s potential for supporting the vitality of liberal democratic societies.
Interdependencies between agricultural commodity futures prices on the LIFFE

Interdependencies between commodity prices can arise from the impact of changing macroeconomic variables, from complementarities or substitutabilities between commodities, or from common responses by speculators. Malliaris and Urrutia (1996) found significant linkages between rollover prices of six related agricultural commodities on the Chicago Board of Trade. This article examines interdependencies between futures prices for soft commodities traded on the London International Financial Futures Exchange (LIFFE), calculated using Clark indices. Results show that there are no interdependencies between any two prices; price discovery of one contract provides no information about others. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 22: 269–280, 2002
A New Family of Equity Style Indices and Mutual Fund Performance: Do Liquidity and Idiosyncratic Risk Matter?

We propose and test novel multifactor models of daily mutual fund performance. To this aim, we set up equity style indices and derive risk factors, which nest the established Fama and French (1992) and Carhart (1997) factors. We add two additional risk factors, namely idiosyncratic risk and Amihud (2002) liquidity. Our sample contains 528 actively managed mutual funds with European stock market focus during 2002 to 2009. Model estimation reveals that—while market excess return and size appear significant for the cross-section of all funds—the remainder factors explain the performance of subsets of funds. About one third of the funds exhibit significant factor sensitivities not only with respect to valuation or momentum, but also with respect to liquidity or idiosyncratic risk. No single risk factor is dominated and hence our six factor model may serve as a valid performance benchmark. In a four factor model setting, the Carhart model and a model with valuation replaced by liquidity perform best. Our results remain stable under various robustness checks. We further document that managers on average prefer liquid stocks, show no aggregate idiosyncratic risk preference and deliver results that are consistent with equilibrium models of fund performance.
Female Executives in Hospitality: Reflections on Career Journeys and Reaching the Top

Structured interviews with twenty women who are top corporate executives or entrepreneurs in the hospitality industry revealed the talent, resourcefulness, and support required to achieve such a position. During the interviews, these successful women cited these three keys to career advancement: (1) the importance of taking thoughtful risks, including non-linear assignments; (2) the criticality of networking; and (3) the significance of finding a sponsor. Two notable challenges for these executives were the possibility that they would be regarded as a token and the need to integrate their work and family life. They noted that keys to meeting work and family responsibilities were having flexibility and autonomy in their schedules and engaging a strong support network, which usually included a life partner. Eight of the twenty had stepped away from corporate roles to run their own businesses. These entrepreneurs acknowledged the considerable work responsibilities resulting from their choice; however, gaining control of their careers made the effort worthwhile and the experience meaningful.
SPATIAL EFFECTS ON PROVINCIAL CONVERGENCE AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION IN SPAIN: 1985–2003

This paper examines the role of space (geographical location) in provincial income convergence and income distribution in Spain. To do that, and after showing the presence of spatial dependence in our income data, the paper compares two sample series: actual versus filtered (spaceless) data. The comparison of these two series comes out to two important differences: first, the speed of convergence is higher and, second, the income distribution is more concentrated (less biased) around the national average with filtered data. Besides this, the paper also shows that geographical location particularly explains relative income improvement in provinces with per capita income slightly above average. These results confirm that, as for Spain, space does indeed matter.
Unemployment in European regions: structural problems versus the Eurozone hypothesis

Unemployment rates differ dramatically across European regions. This article analyses these differences by integrating institutional and spatial perspectives into a unified dynamic framework distinguishing between slow and fast processes of change. The framework forms the basis for an econometric model that is used to analyse labour market differences among European Nomenclature des unites territoriales statistiques 2 regions. The results of random-effects models indicate that four key factors—all of which are of the slowly changing type—explain a large part of the variation in unemployment as well as employment rates. Flexible labour market regulations and above-average levels of interpersonal trust are institutional factors that reduce unemployment. Accessibility factors such as inter-regional transport connectivity and local access to skilled workers have similarly substantial effects. Whether a region belongs to the Eurozone or not seems to be less important.
Wilderness and Primitive Area Recreation Participation and Consumption: An Examination of Demographic and Spatial Factors

This paper explores the influence of demographic and spatial variables on individual participation and consumption of wildland area recreation. Data from the National Survey on Recreation and the Environment are combined with geographical information system-based distance measures to develop nonlinear regression models used to predict both participation and the number of days of participation in wilderness and primitive area recreation. The estimated models corroborate previous findings indicating that race (black), ethnicity (Hispanic), immigrant status, age, and urban dwelling are negatively correlated with wildland visitation, while income, gender (male), and education positively affect wild-land recreation participation and use. The presence of a distance or proximity factor mitigates some of the influence of race and ethnicity. The results of the cross-sectional models are combined with U.S. Census projections of total population, changes in population characteristics, and estimates of current National Forest Wilderness visitation estimates to give some insight into pressure that might be expected on the nation's designated wilderness during the next half century. Results generally indicate that per-capita participation and visitation rates will decline over time as society changes. Total wilderness participation and visitation will, however, increase, but at a rate less than population growth.
Large Bayesian VARs

This paper shows that Vector Autoregression with Bayesian shrinkage is an appropriate tool for large dynamic models. We build on the results by De Mol, Giannone, and Reichlin (2008) and show that, when the degree of shrinkage is set in relation to the cross-sectional dimension, the forecasting performance of small monetary VARs can be improved by adding additional macroeconomic variables and sectoral information. In addition, we show that large VARs with shrinkage produce credible impulse responses and are suitable for structural analysis.
Monetary Policy and Behavioral Finance

There have been major advances in both theory and econometric techniques in mainstream macro-models and parallel advances in knowledge of the monetary transmission mechanism acting via asset prices. At the same time, behavioural finance has provided evidence that not all actors in the economy are 'fully rational' and this has influenced models of asset pricing on which part of the monetary policy transmission mechanism depends. Such uncertainty about the behaviour of asset prices has in part stimulated a move towards 'robustness', as an important criterion for guiding monetary policy. We argue that although we have discovered much, including 'what not to do', nevertheless our knowledge of the transmission mechanism is very incomplete. This is because, in spite of all the theoretical advances that have been made, there is still considerable uncertainty over the behaviour of agents, which has been reinforced by insights from behavioural finance. Copyright 2007 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
The effects of purchased parts commonality on manufacturing lead time

Manufacturing managers as well as researchers suggest that reducing manufacturing lead time is essential for competing in world‐class manufacturing environments. To achieve world‐class manufacturing status, organizations implement a variety of programmes to decrease manufacturing lead time. Uses simulation to analyse the effect of purchased parts standardization on manufacturing lead time under the assumption of limited vendor delivery uncertainty. Creates a wide range of degrees of commonality based on three sets of multilevel product structures with the variations of end‐item demand and quantity usage. The statistical results indicate that: increased commonality lowers manufacturing lead time; a more informative commonality measure other than the well‐known degree of commonality index (DCI) is necessary to represent the actual commonality; and the distribution of purchased parts usage across different end items affects manufacturing lead time performance. The results provide important implications for both manufacturing and product design management.
Characterization of DNA damage-induced cellular senescence by ionizing radiation in endothelial cells

Abstract Purpose: Inhibition of growth in mammalian cells in response to damage or stress is known as cellular senescence. Increasing evidence suggests that double-strand breaks (DSB) commonly mediate cellular senescence. Recently, radiation exposure has been reported to induce premature senescence. Materials and methods: We investigated whether ionizing radiation (IR) at 4 Gy induces cellular senescence with DNA damage response in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). To determine alterations in gene expression on IR exposure, we have developed a DNA microarray analysis system that contains genes known to be involved in replicative senescence. Results: The damage by IR exposure is shown to result in a variety of senescence-like phenotypes such as changes in cell morphology, decrease in cell proliferation, increase in senescence- associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining, and suppression of angiogenic activity. Moreover, the expression levels of several genes associated with cell cycle regulation are remarkably increased in IR-exposed endothelial cells. We found that IGFBP5 (insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5), PLAT (plasminogen activator), SNAI2 (snail homolog 2), JAG1 (jagged 1), SPRY4 (Sprouty homolog 4), and CD44 were upregulated, whereas CFB (complement factor B), VCAM1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1), AQP1 (aquaporin 1), LOXL1 (lysyl oxidase-like 1), and RBPMS (RNA-binding protein with multiple splicing) were down- regulated in both radiation-damaged and old cells. Conclusions: These results imply that the IR-induced phenotype may be enhanced by alterations in genes associated with senescence.
What is Driving Us and Canadian Wages: Exogenous Technical Change or Endogenous Choice of Technique?

This paper proposes a new and unified explanation for the following trends observed over the last 25 years: (1) the increased returns to education, (2) the slow measured growth in TFP in an economy undergoing massive changes in its methods of production, and (3) the poor wage performance, relative to TFP growth, of both young high school and college educated workers. The explanation we propose downplays the role of exogenous skill-biased technological change and instead emphasizes how the endogenous choice of modes of organization, influenced by changes in factor supplies, can generate the above observations. For example, we argue that increased education attainment, through its effect of the choice production techniques, may have been the major cause for the increased differential between more and less educated workers over the last quarter of a century. The evidence we examine to test our hypothesis is based on US and Canadian data over the period 1971 - 95. We pay particular attention to explaining the difference between our results and those associated with the skill-biased technical change hypothesis.
Implementing effective ventilator practice at the bedside

Purpose of reviewNew data on the efficacy of low tidal volume ventilation for acute lung injury, noninvasive ventilation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation, weaning from mechanical ventilation, and prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia provide, for perhaps the first time in respiratory care, compelling evidence for clinicians to change practice. However, experience from every other field in medicine suggests that there will be significant barriers to changing clinical practice at the bedside. Studies on implementation of effective practice in medicine shows that a multifaceted, team-oriented approach incorporating reminders, efficient use of non-physician personnel, protocols, and education is required to change clinical practice. Limited data on current practice of mechanical ventilation suggest that it deviates from recommended practice. Unfortunately, there are no studies exploring community-based implementation of mechanical ventilation guidelines and only a few studies to inform clinicians as to why ventilator practice may be difficult to change. As the evidence base grows for effective critical care practice, so does the responsibility to translate practices that improve outcome from research journals to patients’ bedsides. Strategies for doing this are presented in the review.