Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cancer Biology and Signal Transduction Genetic and Pharmacologic Evidence That mTOR Targeting Outweighs mTORC 1 Inhibition as an Antimyeloma Strategy

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, and cell survival, and plays those roles by forming two functionally distinct multiprotein complexes: mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) andmTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). Deregulation of the mTOR pathway has been found in different cancers, including multiple myeloma. Agents acting onmTORC1, such as rapamycin and derivatives, are being explored as antitumoral strategies. However, whether targeting mTOR would be a more effective antimyeloma strategy than exclusively acting on the mTORC1 branch remains to be established. In this report, we explored the activation status of mTOR routes in malignant plasma cells, and analyzed the contribution of mTOR and its two signaling branches to the proliferation of myeloma cells. Gene expressionprofilingdemonstratedderegulation ofmTORpathway–related genes inmyelomaplasma cells from patients. Activation of the mTOR pathway in myelomatous plasma cells was corroborated by flow cytometric analyses. RNA interference (RNAi) experiments indicated that mTORC1 predominated over mTORC2 in the control of myeloma cell proliferation. However, mTOR knockdown had a superior antiproliferative effect than acting only onmTORC1ormTORC2. Pharmacologic studies corroborated that the neutralization ofmTORhas a stronger antimyeloma effect than the individual inhibition ofmTORC1 ormTORC2. Together, our data support the clinical development of agents that widely target mTOR, instead of agents, such as rapamycin or its derivatives, that solely act on mTORC1. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(2); 1–13. 2014 AACR.
International Social Work Research: Issues and Prospects

writes, ‘‘residents should receive first honours’’ (p. 81). Staff could leave the institution, but residents had to endure the conditions day after day. We are left in no doubt that Kew was a harsh place in which to live and that the shortcomings of the institution outweighed any benefits. Oral histories must inevitably disadvantage people who have no voice. Therefore, it would be unfair to state that the relative absence of people with profound intellectual disabilities is a weakness of this book. The accounts we hear are primarily those of the ‘‘higher functioning’’ residents, the ‘‘working residents’’ who were often used as an additional pool of labour. People with high and complex needs are present in other people stories, such as when we are told they were deemed unsuitable for the special school, therapy programs, and kindergarten. Their lives must have been particularly barren. The book is well written, beautifully presented, and punctuated with black and white photographs that complement the text. These pictures help evoke a time and place where residents were put in ‘‘airing courts’’ (fenced concrete yards) and nurses wore starched uniforms. There is also an accompanying CD, which is a collection of digital histories. The CD does not enhance the book, but its inclusion does allow people with limited literacy skills a degree of access to Kew’s history. I hope that people other than historians and those associated with Kew will read this book. We need knowledge of the past in order to be able to understand where we have come from and where are we going. The book reflects changed attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities and is a stark reminder of what people were moving from. Kew’s history ‘‘ended’’ in 2008 and Bye-Bye Charlie is a valuable contribution to the social history of intellectual disability. Yet, the research of the past 25 years tells us that closing institutions has not resulted in people with intellectual disabilities becoming included in the mainstream of life. That will require much more farreaching social change. Nevertheless, the residents who have left Kew have begun the journey towards a new and better life.
Fission Yeast MAP Kinase Sty1 Is Recruited to Stress-induced Genes*

The stress-induced expression of many fission yeast genes is dependent upon the Sty1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Atf1 transcription factor. Atf1 is phosphorylated by Sty1 yet this phosphorylation is not required for stress-induced gene expression, suggesting another mechanism exists whereby Sty1 activates transcription. Here we show that Sty1 associates with Atf1-dependent genes and is recruited to both their promoters and coding regions. This occurs in response to various stress conditions coincident with the kinetics of the activation of Sty1. Association with promoters is not a consequence of increased nuclear accumulation of Sty1 nor does it require the phosphorylation of Atf1. However, recruitment is completely abolished in a mutant lacking Sty1 kinase activity. Both Atf1 and its binding partner Pcr1 are required for association of Sty1 with Atf1-dependent promoters, suggesting that this heterodimer must be intact for optimal recruitment of the MAPK. However, many Atf1-dependent genes are still expressed in a pcr1Δ mutant but with significantly delayed kinetics, thus providing an explanation for the relatively mild stress sensitivity displayed by pcr1Δ. Consistent with this delay, Sty1 and Atf1 cannot be detected at these promoters in this condition, suggesting that their association with chromatin is weak or transient in the absence of Pcr1.
Mixture Latent Markov Modeling: Identifying and Predicting Unobserved Heterogeneity in Longitudinal Qualitative Status Change

There are many areas of organizational research where we may be concerned with subgroup differences in status change profiles. The purpose of this article is to illustrate, using a real data set on retirees’ postretirement employment statuses (PES), how mixture latent Markov modeling may be applied to substantive research in organizational settings to identify population subgroups with varying status change profiles and examine their correlates, by modeling unobserved heterogeneity in longitudinal qualitative changes. Steps in the modeling process are highlighted and limitations, cautions, recommendations, and extensions of the technique are discussed.
Modeling Nonlinear Growth With Three Data Points

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate ways to model nonlinear growth using three testing occasions. We demonstrate our growth models in the context of curriculum-based measurement using the fall, winter, and spring passage reading fluency benchmark assessments. We present a brief technical overview that includes the limitations of a growth model with three time points, and how nonlinear growth can be modeled and the associated limitations. We present results for a piecewise growth mixture modeling approach to model nonlinear growth for 1 to 3 classes, as well as to further explain individual differences and to capture heterogeneity of growth patterns. We discuss our interpretation of these results, as well as the implications of different methods for modeling nonlinear growth with three occasions.
Staff responses to age‐related health changes in people with an intellectual disability in group homes

The purpose of this study was to explore how supervisors in group homes caring for people with intellectual disability responded to the development of age‐related health changes in their residents. Ten group home supervisors working in the disability sector were interviewed once. Data were analysed using Dimensional Analysis. The study identified several factors related to whether a resident could stay ‘at home’ or would need to be moved to residential aged care (nursing home) including: nature and extent of group home resources, group home staff comfort with residents’ health changes, staff skill at navigating the intersection between the disability and ageing sectors, and the supervisor’s philosophy of care. The ability of older people with an intellectual disability to ‘age in place’ is affected by staff knowledge about and comfort with age‐related illnesses, staff skills at navigating formal services, staffing flexibility, and the philosophy of group home supervisors. Despite the growing international concern for the rights of people with disability, particularly in relation to decision making, questions about the older person’s choice of residence and participation in decision making about what was best for them, were almost nonexistent. Rather, decisions were made based on what was considered to be in ‘the best interest’.
Does Air Pollution Trigger Infant Mortality in Western Europe? A Case-Crossover Study

Background: Numerous studies show associations between fine particulate air pollutants [particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM10)] and mortality in adults. Objectives: We investigated short-term effects of elevated PM10 levels on infant mortality in Flanders, Belgium, and studied whether the European Union (EU) limit value protects infants from the air pollution trigger. Methods: In a case-crossover analysis, we estimated the risk of dying from nontraumatic causes before 1 year of age in relation to outdoor PM10 concentrations on the day of death. We matched control days on temperature to exclude confounding by variations in daily temperature. Results: During the study period (1998–2006), PM10 concentration averaged 31.9 ± 13.8 μg/m3. In the entire study population (n = 2,382), the risk of death increased by 4% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0–8%; p = 0.045] for a 10-μg/m3 increase in daily mean PM10. However, this association was significant only for late neonates (2–4 weeks of age; n = 372), in whom the risk of death increased by 11% (95% CI, 1–22%; p = 0.028) per 10-μg/m3 increase in PM10. In this age class, infants were 1.74 (95% CI, 1.18–2.58; p = 0.006) times more likely to die on days with a mean PM10 above the EU limit value of 50 μg/m3 than on days below this cutoff. Conclusions: Even in an affluent region in Western Europe, where infant mortality is low, days with higher PM air pollution are associated with an increased risk of infant mortality. Assuming causality, the current EU limit value for PM10, which may be exceeded on 35 days/year, does not prevent PM10 from triggering mortality in late neonates.
Interinstrument Consistency of the Yamax Digi-Walker Pedometer in Elementary School-Aged Children

A pedometer is a practical, inexpensive tool used to measure physical activity. Bassett et al. (1996) found that interinstrument consistency of the Yamax Digi-Walker was higher than four other pedometers when measuring distance walked in adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interinstrument consistency of the Yamax pedometer in children. Seventy-one children in Grades 3 to 5 wore one Digi-Walker on each hip during school hours for 1 week. Time and counts data were recorded separately for (a) regular classroom, (b) recess, and (c) physical education class times. Interinstrument reliability for total counts was estimated using one-way analysis of variance intraclass coefficients, adjusted for a single pedometer. Intraclass correlation coefficients were . 96 for the whole week, . 94 for classroom time, . 98 for recess time, and . 92 for physical education time. For applied use and research with children, the Yamax Digi-Walker provides a reliable estimate of physical activity.
Night, sight, and feeling safe: An exploration of aspects of Warlpiri and Western sleep

Sleeping leaves those asleep ‘blind’ and hence oblivious to potential or real danger. Such dangers are heightened further and more feared at night, the main time for sleep. In this article, I link ideas about sleep and nighttime social practices with questions about vision. My aim is to tease out some of the meanings implied in cross-culturally distinct solutions to the protection of sleepers at night. I proceed by contrasting ethnographic data from the remote Aboriginal settlement of Yuendumu, Northern Territory, with select elements of the cultural history of Euro-American sleep. Through ethnographic vignettes, I illuminate how people at Yuendumu commonly arrange themselves in yunta, or rows of sleepers, at night, and how some sleepers awake regularly during the night to ensure the others’ safety. I contrast this with Euro-American ways of providing a sense of safety to the sleeper through practices of domestic fortification. My comparison revolves around the notion of sight, which in the Euro-American West is clearly linked to ideas of knowledge, and at Yuendumu, as I demonstrate, imbued with a sense of care. I conclude by relating the gained insights to participant observation as anthropological method.
A Longitudinal Investigation of Reading Attitude Development from Childhood to Adulthood.

AbstractFew studies exist regarding the development of reading attitude from childhood to adulthood. These studies consist of cross-sectional designs that mask true developmental changes. The present study examined longitudinally the development of reading attitudes among a group of 84 individuals, many of whom were followed over nearly 40 years. Reading attitude measures were given in (a) 1st, 6th, 9th, and 12th grades, (b) 5 years following high school graduation, and (c) either 21 or 26 years following high school graduation. A multiple regression analysis was used to determine which of the childhood and early adult attitude measures best predicts adult attitude. The results showed that the early adult measure accounted for one third of the variance on the adult attitude measure. Although childhood measures seem to be poor predictors of adult attitude, there was evidence of stability in reading attitude over time.
On winning the “lottery”: psychological preparation for football penalty shoot-outs

Abstract The outcome of penalty shoot-outs is often referred to as a “lottery”, suggesting that luck, rather than the skill level of the player, predetermines outcome success. Throughout this article, we hope to show why such attitudes towards physical and psychological preparation can increase anxiety, diminish perceptions of control and negatively affect the behaviour and subsequent performance of penalty takers. From the synthesis of this evidence, we provide task-specific recommendations that are structured around the dynamic nature of emotions that players are likely to experience during each phase of the shoot-out and which can be implemented or adapted to suit the individual needs of the player. These recommendations are designed to provide a framework to help applied professionals to optimise the psychological preparation for this scenario with the overall aim of helping players to (re)gain control of this situation.
Automatic Carotid ultrasound segmentation using deep Convolutional Neural Networks and phase congruency maps

The segmentation of media-adventitia and lumen-intima boundaries of the Carotid Artery forms an essential part in assessing plaque morphology in Ultrasound Imaging. Manual methods are tedious and prone to variability and thus, developing automated segmentation algorithms is preferable. In this paper, we propose to use deep convolutional networks for automated segmentation of the media-adventitia boundary in transverse and longitudinal sections of carotid ultrasound images. Deep networks have recently been employed with good success on image segmentation tasks, and we thus propose their application on ultrasound data, using an encoder-decoder convolutional structure which allows the network to be trained end-to-end for pixel-wise classification. Concurrently, we evaluate the performance for various configurations, depths and filter sizes within the network. In addition, we further propose a novel fusion of envelope and phase congruency data as an input to the network, as the latter provides an intensity-invariant data source to the network. We show that this data fusion and the proposed network structure yields higher segmentation performance than the state-of-the-art techniques.
Effect of Temperature on the Rate of the Transparent to Opaque Colony Type Transition in Mycobacterium avium

The results of drug susceptibility tests were found to be affected by changes that occur spontaneously in populations of Mycobacterium avium maintained in the laboratory. Because the transparent colony type variant was resistant to antituberculosis chemotherapeutic agents and the opaque colony type variant was usually susceptible to these agents, the transition of transparent to opaque colony type was investigated. The rate of the transition was found to be temperature dependent and, in agreement with a previous report, was found to be about 10−4 to 10−5 per generation at 37 C. Reversion was found to occur at a rate of 10−6 to 10−7 at 37 C. The mutation rate from susceptibility to resistance to rifampin, kanamycin, and erythromycin was about 10−8 to 10−9 mutations per bacterium per generation. Judged from our data, the high rate of the transparent to opaque variation was not caused either by mutator effects or by the occurrence of extrachromosomal genes in these bacteria, but could have been due to selective mechanisms still incompletely understood.
Treatment of temporomandibular myofascial pain with deep dry needling

Objectives: The present study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of deep dry needling in the treatment of temporomandibular myofascial pain. Study Design: We selected 36 patients with myofascial pain located in the external pterygoid muscle (30 women/6 men, mean age=27 years with SD±6,5). We studied differences in pain with a visual analog scale and range of mandibular movements before and after intervention. Results: We found a statistically significant relationship (p<0,01) between therapeutic intervention and the improvement of pain and jaw movements, which continued up to 6 months after treatment. Pain reduction was greater the higher was the intensity of pain at baseline. Conclusions: Although further studies are needed, our findings suggest that deep dry needling in the trigger point in the external pterygoid muscle can be effective in the management of patients with myofascial pain located in that muscle. Key words:Temporomandibular joint, myofascial pain, external pterygoid muscle, trigger point, deep dry needling.
Immunophenotyping Predictive of Mycoplasma Infection in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

AbstractAn impaired immune system and opportunistic infections are considered important characteristics in the pathophysiology of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). Using immunofluorescence we examined healthy subjects (N = 35) and two subsets of CFS patients: those without evidence of Mycoplasma (N = 55) and those with evidence of a Myco-plasma infection in their blood (N = 131). Using monoclonal antibodies and forensic polymerase chain reaction for detection of M. hominis, M. fermentans, M. pneumoniae and M. penetrans, we examined leukocytes in peripheral blood samples. Both patient groups presented with significantly elevated CD25+ (activated) cells as compared to healthy volunteers. CFS patients without evidence of mycoplasma infection(s) had increased amounts of CD5+ B-cells. Stepwise discriminant analysis indicated the number of activated cells, number of memory CD4+ cells and percentage of suppressor T-cells (lower in Mycoplasma+ patients as compared to Mycoplasma- patients) as the discriminant variab.
Functional self-efficacy, perceived gait ability and perceived exertion in walking performance of individuals with low back pain

The purpose of this study was to examine psychological and perceptual factors that influence walking in individuals with low back pain (LBP). In Study 1 59 subjects with LBP recruited from an orthopedic surgeon participated. Perceived gait ability was measured with the Distorted Ambulation subscale of Pain Behavior Checklist (DAS-PBCL). The psychological factor of functional self-efficacy (FSE) was assessed on the FSE scale. These scales were completed before performing a 50-foot speed walk (50 FT WALK) and a 5-minute distance walk (5 MIN WALK) tests. DAS-PBCL had stronger correlations with walking performance ( r = 0.11 to 0.58) than FSE ( r = 0.03 to 0.49). DAS-PBCL had a stronger relationship with 50 FT WALK ( r = 0.18 to 0.58) than 5 MIN WALK ( r = 0.11 to 0.50). In Study 2 48 healthy pain-free subjects and an independent sample of 40 subjects with LBP referred from an orthopedic surgeon participated. They completed the 5 MIN WALK followed by the modified Borg's rating of perceived exertion scale (CR10). Subjects with LBP walked a significantly shorter distance ( t = 4.69, p<.005) but perceived a similar amount of exertion (Mann-Whitney U = 861.5, p =. 40) compared with those without LBP. Perceived gait ability appears to account for more variability in walking performance than functional self-efficacy of walking in individuals with LBP. Perceived gait ability, in particular, accounted for more variance in walking speed than in walking endurance. Individuals with LBP also experience more exertion during walking than those without LBP. These results suggest that clinicians may need to consider patients' perceptions of gait ability and exertion when assessing walking performance in patients with LBP.
Design, Implementation and Preliminary Evaluation of an Introductory Service-Learning Elective for Pharmacy Students

Health promotion is an effective strategy to address the increasing global burden of non-communicable diseases. A paradigm shift in pharmacy practice requires pharmacists to be more proactive in dealing with community health issues. In order to prepare pharmacy students for their changing role, a service-learning elective incorporating health promotion, was designed and implemented. This was to provide students the opportunity to achieve the critical cross-field outcomes to which Rhodes University aspires; and to empower the community with knowledge for the prevention and management of priority chronic health conditions in South Africa. Under supervision, groups of final year pharmacy students researched these health conditions and designed interactive health promotion activities. These were presented at the 2007 Sasol National Festival of Science and Technology (SciFest). A cross-section of children and adults visited the exhibit. Feedback indicated that this interaction between students and the communit.
Inclusive Practices: How Accepting are Teachers?

This research addressed the question of educators’ beliefs about the rights of children with a disability to be included in regular schools. Principals and teachers from Education Support Centres (ESCs) and attached primary schools in Western Australia rated whether they considered children with either a physical or intellectual disability should be integrated full‐time or part‐time depending upon the degree of the disability (severe, moderate, mild). Acceptance of integration was lower for the child with an intellectual disability than for the child with a physical disability. Acceptance decreased as the degree of severity increased. Educators were more accepting of part‐time integration, but mostly only for the child with a mild or moderate disability. Educators from the ESCs were more accepting than were their regular school peers and as educators became more experienced they became less accepting of inclusion. Educators appeared to have strong beliefs regarding inclusive practices and these beliefs di.
Executive Function/Attention Deficits in Boys with Asperger Syndrome, Attention Disorder and Reading/Writing Disorder

Executive function/attention deficits were examined in children with Asperger syndrome, attention disorder and reading/ writing disorder and in a group of normal children. Neuropsychological tests as well as cognitive tasks measuring different components in the processing of information were used. The measures were divided into Mirsky’s four components of attention, namely ‘sustain’,‘focus-execute’,‘shift’ and ‘encode’. All abnormal groups differed markedly from the normal group on measures of executive function/attention. The group diagnosed as having attention disorder showed the most consistent difficulties. However, no specific marker of ‘executive function deficits’ that could represent the three different disorders was found.