Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Challenges in the diagnosis & treatment of miliary tuberculosis

Miliary tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially lethal disease if not diagnosed and treated early. Diagnosing miliary TB can be a challenge that can perplex even the most experienced clinicians. Clinical manifestations are nonspecific, typical chest radiograph findings may not be evident till late in the disease, high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) shows randomly distributed miliary nodules and is relatively more sensitive. Ultrasonography, CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are useful in discerning the extent of organ involvement by lesions of miliary TB in extra-pulmonary locations. Fundus examination for choroid tubercles, histopathological examination of tissue biopsy specimens, conventional and rapid culture methods for isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, drug-susceptibility testing, along with use of molecular biology tools in sputum, body fluids, other body tissues are useful in confirming the diagnosis. Although several prognostic markers have been described which predict mortality, yet untreated miliary TB has a fatal outcome within one year. A high index of clinical suspicion and early diagnosis and timely institution of anti-tuberculosis treatment can be life-saving. Response to first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs is good but drug-induced hepatotoxicity and drug-drug interactions in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients pose significant problems during treatment. However, sparse data are available from randomized controlled trials to define the optimum regimen and duration of treatment in patients with drug-sensitive as well as drug-resistant miliary TB, including those with HIV/AIDS.
Kaynaştırma Uygulamaları Sürecinde İlköğretim Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Karşılaştıkları Sorunlara İlişkin Görüş ve Önerileri

Bu arastirmanin amaci, kaynastirma uygulamalari surecinde ilkogretim sinif ogretmenlerininkarsilastiklari sorunlarina iliskin gorus ve onerilerinin belirlenmesidir. Arastirmanin katilimcilari, Istanbul iliMaltepe ilcesinde bulunan bes ilkogretim okulunda gorev yapan 19 sinif ogretmenidir. Ayni zamanda butunkatilimcilar, scsnde kaynastirma ogrencileri bulunan 1. kademede ogretim yapmaktadirlar. Arastirma verileri,nitel arastirma yontemlerinden yari–yapilandirilmis gorusme teknigi ile toplanmistir. Arastirmadan eldeedilen veriler, betimsel olarak analiz edilmistir. Sonuc olarak, ilkogretim okullarinda kaynastirmauygulamalarinda sinif ogretmenlerinin isteklerinin goz ardi edildigi, kaynastirma uygulamalarinin uygunolmayan fiziksel sartlarda gerceklestirildigi, sinif ogretmenlerinin sorunlarinin cozumunde okuldaki digerpersonelden yardim almasina karsin yapilan yardimlarim yeterli ve islevsel olmadigi belirlenmistir. Arastirmabulgulari dikkate alindiginda, basta sinif ogretmenleri olmak uzere tum okul personelinin kaynastirmauygulamalari konusunda bilinclendirilmesi onerilebilir.
Prediction of Muscle Activities from Electrocorticograms in Primary Motor Cortex of Primates

Electrocorticography (ECoG) has drawn attention as an effective recording approach for brain-machine interfaces (BMI). Previous studies have succeeded in classifying movement intention and predicting hand trajectories from ECoG. Despite such successes, however, there still remains considerable work for the realization of ECoG-based BMIs as neuroprosthetics. We developed a method to predict multiple muscle activities from ECoG measurements. We also verified that ECoG signals are effective for predicting muscle activities in time varying series when performing sequential movements. ECoG signals were band-pass filtered into separate sensorimotor rhythm bands, z-score normalized, and smoothed with a Gaussian filter. We used sparse linear regression to find the best fit between frequency bands of ECoG and electromyographic activity. The best average correlation coefficient and the normalized root-mean-square error were 0.92±0.06 and 0.06±0.10, respectively, in the flexor digitorum profundus finger muscle. The δ (1.5∼4Hz) and γ2 (50∼90Hz) bands contributed significantly more strongly than other frequency bands (P<0.001). These results demonstrate the feasibility of predicting muscle activity from ECoG signals in an online fashion.
DESENTRALISASI DAN SISTEM AKUNTANSI MANAJEMEN TERHADAP KINERJA MANAJER PADA PT. SINAR GALESONG PRIMA MANADO

Revolusi teknologi telah melanda segala aspek kehidupan manusia. Dalam dunia bisnis khususnya, revolusi teknologi tersebut menyebabkan perubahan yang luar biasa dalam persaingan, pemasaran dan pengolahan sumber daya manusia. Perusahaan dituntut untuk memanfaatkan semaksimal mungkin kemampuan yang dimiliki agar dapat memenangkan kompetisi dalam persaingan global. Desentralisasi adalah delegasi otoritas atau wewenang pengambilan keputusan kepada jajaran manajemen yang lebih rendah kedalam sebuah organisasi. Sistem akuntansi manajemen merupakan sistem formal yang dirancang untuk menyediakan informasi bagi manajer. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh desentraliasasi dan sistem akuntansi manajemen terhadap kinerja manajer pada PT Sinar Galesong Prima Manado. Populasi dalam penelitian berjumlah 189 karyawan. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 50 responden. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data kualitatif berupa gambaran umum perusahaan dan data kuantitatif yang diukur dengan satuan score. Metode analisis yang digunakan regresi linear berganda setelah diuji dengan Model Asumsi klasik. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa desentralisasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja manajerial sedangkan sebaliknya sistem akuntansi manajemen berpengaruh signifikan. Manajemen sebaiknya menerapkan sistem akuntansi manajemen secara tepat mengingat tugas-tugas perusahaan semakin kompleks sehingga dapat membantu meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan. Kata kunci : pengaruh desentralisasi, sistem akuntansi manajemen, kinerja manajer
Intraoperative test of auditory nerve function.

OBJECTIVE To develop a preoperative objective test of auditory nerve function for the assessment of cochlear implant candidacy, especially in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS We stimulated electrically with a ball electrode before insertion of the implant. First the stimulus was applied bipolar between the promontory and the round window. To record auditory brain stem responses (EABRs) very high stimulus intensities were needed, which was not possible in all patients. RESULTS By stimulation in the basal turn of the cochlea, evoked potentials could be derived. Although in some patients the facial nerve was stimulated as a side effect, auditory evoked potentials could be recorded. A facial muscle artifact can be differentiated from the EABRs by latency and the slope of the input-output function. CONCLUSION For the present, the only reliable test seems to be the EABR recording stimulated within the cochlea.
Feature integration in visual working memory: parietal gamma activity is related to cognitive coordination

The mechanism by which distinct subprocesses in the brain are coordinated is a central conundrum of systems neuroscience. The parietal lobe is thought to play a key role in visual feature integration, and oscillatory activity in the gamma frequency range has been associated with perception of coherent objects and other tasks requiring neural coordination. Here, we examined the neural correlates of integrating mental representations in working memory and hypothesized that parietal gamma activity would be related to the success of cognitive coordination. Working memory is a classic example of a cognitive operation that requires the coordinated processing of different types of information and the contribution of multiple cognitive domains. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we report parietal activity in the high gamma (80–100 Hz) range during manipulation of visual and spatial information (colors and angles) in working memory. This parietal gamma activity was significantly higher during manipulation of visual-spatial conjunctions compared with single features. Furthermore, gamma activity correlated with successful performance during the conjunction task but not during the component tasks. Cortical gamma activity in parietal cortex may therefore play a role in cognitive coordination.
Epimutation and cancer: A new carcinogenic mechanism of Lynch syndrome

Epimutation is defined as abnormal transcriptional repression of active genes and/or abnormal activation of usually repressed genes caused by errors in epigenetic gene repression. Epimutation arises in somatic cells and the germline, and constitutional epimutation may also occur. Epimutation is the first step of tumorigenesis and can be a direct cause of carcinogenesis. Cancers associated with epimutation include Lynch syndrome (hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, HNPCC), chronic lymphocytic leukemia, breast cancer and ovarian cancer. Epimutation has been shown for many tumor suppressor genes, including RB, VHL, hMLH1, APC and BRCA1, in sporadic cancers. Methylation has recently been shown in DNA from normal tissues and peripheral blood in cases of sporadic colorectal cancer and many studies show constitutive epimutation in cancers. Epimutation of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes (BRCA1, hMLH1 and hMSH2) involved in development familial cancers has also been found. These results have led to a focus on epimutation as a novel oncogenic mechanism.
Excessive Age-Related Decline in Functional Ovarian Reserve in Infertile Women: Prospective Cohort of 15,500 Women.

CONTEXT Whether infertile women exhibit accelerated ovarian aging and whether a low ovarian reserve is overrepresented in infertility populations is not known. OBJECTIVE To compare the age-related decline in antral follicle count (AFC), a biomarker of the ovarian reserve, in fertile and infertile women. DESIGN Cross-sectional data from a large prospective cohort study conducted from January 2013 to December 2014. SETTING Thirteen fertility centers across Spain. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Consecutive women aged 18 to 45 years of age attending the fertility centers either seeking fertility treatment or as fertile women wishing to act as potential oocyte donors. INTERVENTION(S) Standardized AFC assessment on day 2 to 4 of the cycle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Age-related decline of AFC for both fertile and infertile women. RESULTS A total of 15 500 women, of whom 5722 were potential donors and 9778 were patients seeking fertility treatment, participated in the study. Average AFC was greater in potential oocyte donors than in infertile women (20 [interquartile range, 16-24] vs 10 [interquartile range, 6-15], respectively; P < .001), a difference that was maintained after adjustment for age (P < .001) in a model predicting log(AFC) from donor vs infertility, adjusting for 2-year age bands. The age-related decline in AFC was much steeper in infertile women compared with that of potential oocyte donors, with an increased prevalence of a low ovarian reserve (AFC < 5) at all ages in infertile women. CONCLUSIONS The age-related decline in AFC was substantially greater in infertility patients than potential oocyte donors. Overrepresentation in infertility populations of women with low ovarian reserve may be an additional functional cause of infertility.
Cognitive absorption in work-related information system usage - Case: Cash flow estimation in private equity financed companies

Objectives – It is ever important for the businesses to forecast cash flows to be able to adapt to the changing economic environment and optimize the use of company assets. Forecasting is especially important for companies that are in the early stage of their life cycle. Despite the importance, rarely do these companies implement forecasting in a structured or automated way. The purpose of this study was to explore how the cash flow estimation was completed in private equity financed companies. The objective of this study was to find out if cognitive absorption, i.e. deep involvement, in information system can occur, when cash forecasting is implemented. Methodology – This study was based on cognitive absorption theory. There were six case company interviews and one interview with the venture capital investor. The interviews were analyzed by utilizing coding technique and qualitative comparative analysis method. The sample size of this research was small, which limited the study. In addition, because of the coding technique is characterized by abstraction and endlessness, analyzing the data was challenging and interpretative. Findings and conclusions – The findings showed that the respondents generally recognized cognitive absorption dimensions, e.g. flow, as a part of the cash forecast execution process. Also emotions emerged. Conclusion is, that also irrational factors can affect in the usage of work-related, rational information systems. Irrational factors can have significance in user’s intention to start and to continue system usage. As a conclusion, system developers should acknowledge these factors when the system is being developed to be able to appeal the users in multiple levels.
Topographic patterns of V2 cortical connections in macaque monkeys

Patterns of connections of dorsal and ventral portions of the second visual area (V2) were used to evaluate and extend current theories of cortical organization and processing streams in macaque monkeys. Injections of wheat germ agglutinin‐horseradish peroxidase (WGA‐HRP) and up to four different fluorochromes in V2 labeled neurons and terminations in V2 and in 1) caudal (DLc) and rostral (DLr) subdivisions of dorsolateral cortex between V2 and the middle temporal area (MT); 2) regions we define as dorsomedial (DM) and dorsointermediate (DI) areas; 3) MT, medial superior temporal area (MST), and fundal superior temporal area (FST); 4) the dorsal part of inferior temporal (TEO) cortex; and 5) two locations in posterior parietal cortex. The largest extrastriate connection zone was DLc, which occupied the caudal one‐third to one‐half of the fourth visual area (V4) region of other proposals. Based on the connection pattern, foveal vision in DLc is represented adjacent to foveal vision in V2, with the lower quadrant represented dorsally and the upper quadrant ventrally, as in V2, but within a much less extensive region of cortex. The sparser connections of DLr formed a more compressed but parallel visuotopic pattern. A third visuotopic pattern of connections was located in a moderately myelinated region of cortex just rostral to dorsomedial V2. Whereas the region would include parts of dorsal visual area 3 (V3), V3a, and possibly other areas of other proposals, we interpret the connection pattern as reflecting a dorsomedial visual area, DM, with foveal vision represented caudolaterally and other parts of the lower and upper quadrants represented more medially and rostrally. A fourth pattern of label in dorsointermediate cortex suggested the location and organization of another visual area (DI). Most of a fifth connection pattern with MT was congruent with the known visuotopic organization of MT area, but visuotopically mismatched foci of connections were observed as well. Sparser foci of label in MST suggested a rostrodorsal representation of foveal vision, with paracentral vision represented more caudally. Separate dorsal and ventral foci of label in FST were consistent with previous evidence for dorsal (FSTd) and ventral (FSTv) visual areas. Finally, connections with TEO and posterior parietal cortex were sparse. Our results suggest that much of visual cortex organization is similar in New and Old World monkeys. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tuberculosis health belief gaps of tuberculosis and suspected tuberculosis cases

A non-randomized cross-sectional study measuring tuberculosis beliefs using a 51-item belief instrument divided into five health belief model constructs were conveniently administered to suspects for tuberculosis (n = 89) and active tubercolosis cases (n = 110) in a hospital in New York. The purpose of this study was to identify congruent/incongruent belief gaps via detailed item-analysis about tuberculosis among the target and to examine within group demographic differences in active educated tuberculosis cases (n = 110). Item analysis conducted on the target population revealed several beliefs gaps. Within group demographic differences of multivariate hotelling t registered statistical significance for religious beliefs (p = .022) and housing status (p = .025). Some Univariate F's constructs were significant based on religion namely: severity/efficacy (p = .003/.024) and housing (benefits p = .002) for 110 tuberculosis cases. The implications of these findings are discussed.
A Data-Driven Approach to Improve Wind Dispatchability

Wind power has been treated as a non-dispatchable resource until recent development of active wind dispatch strategies in several electricity markets. In markets such as ISO New England, a dispatch range for each wind farm is determined based on security analysis. Wind power will be fully absorbed unless it is out of the ranges. This approach, though aiming at improving wind utilization with system security considered, relies solely on wind power forecasting, which could be inaccurate by nature, and might result in unnecessary wind curtailment. In our work, we recognize the discrepancy between wind power forecast and the actual wind power dispatched and develop a data-driven approach to better capture the uncertainties in wind power dispatch. The computational experiments demonstrate that the dispatch ranges determined by our data-driven approach can dispatch more wind without endangering the system security and that solution is also efficient.
Serum elastase and alpha-1-antitrypsin levels in patients with ruptured and unruptured cerebral aneurysms.

Despite advances in surgical treatment and postoperative care, subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured cerebral aneurysms remains a devastating event. Excellent surgical results in treating unruptured aneurysms suggest the utility of screening tests to identify high-risk individuals. Unfortunately, none of the known risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage correlates strongly enough with the illness to warrant widespread screening for occult aneurysms. Other disease entities suggest that protease-antiprotease imbalances contribute to somatic vessel wall degradation and aneurysm formation. Detection of similar imbalances in selected patients may identify a predisposition to cerebral aneurysm formation. Serum concentrations of elastase and alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), important proteolytic and antiproteolytic enzymes, were measured in a series of 19 patients with unruptured aneurysms, 41 patients with ruptured aneurysms, and 27 age-matched operative and nonoperative controls. The elastase:AAT ratio was nearly twice as high in patients with unruptured aneurysms as in operative controls (0.527 +/- 0.1 versus 0.285 +/- 0.06; P < 0.04). Elastase:AAT ratios in patients with ruptured aneurysms (subarachnoid hemorrhage < 48 h) were roughly twice those of controls (0.582 +/- 0.095; P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference between elastase:AAT ratios for patients with ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. Likewise, elastase-AAT values for operative controls and nonoperative volunteers were not significantly different. Differences in serum elastase:AAT ratios between patients with aneurysms and controls reflected differences in elastase concentration (99 +/- 56 micrograms/ml versus 67 +/- 56 micrograms/ml; P < 0.03), not in AAT levels (147 +/- 56 micrograms/ml versus 141 +/- 56 micrograms/ml; P < 0.72). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Other Health Impairment Category and Health-Based Classroom Accommodations

Abstract School psychologists (N = 161) completed a questionnaire regarding the category of other health impairment (OHI) and classroom accommodations for children with health conditions. School psychologists indicated that they were familiar with OHI and often used the category. More school psychologists were involved in OHI placements for students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (84.3% during the past 12 months) than for the next most cited disorders (viz., 26.7 and 21.4% were involved in at least one placement for a student with epilepsy or asthma/pulmonary disease, respectively). Participants generally perceived educators as capable of making classroom accommodations, although they viewed both limited knowledge of the implications illness and problems consistently applying knowledge about illness as moderate to severe barriers to accommodations. Findings such as these may help school psychologists to continue to embrace health issues in their practices.
Intrathecal magnesium prolongs fentanyl analgesia.

We want to thank Drs. Groudine and Greene for their interest in our description of a rapid infusion system using a three-way stopcock with two no-return valves (1). We agree that the infusion system that we described should not be used as first-line treatment for hypovolemia because of the risk of microbial contamination. Instead of a system involving multiple injections, a single sterile infusion system should be adopted first, if it is available promptly. However, we still consider this alternative system beneficial on some occasions after weighing its advantages and disadvantages. Sterile systems for rapid infusion are not always available when you need them. The sterile systems might be in use for other surgical patients or not available immediately outside the operating room. We illustrate a few cases in which our system worked effectively. One example was a case of massive intraoperative bleeding during laparotomy. In this case, uncontrolled bleeding from the sacral venous plexus continued and rapid infusion was needed. We started a rapid infusion through an IV line in the left upper extremity in a sterile manner, but the patient needed further volume infusion. We adopted a system requiring multiple injections in the left arm. Only then did the patient obtain enough fluids. Another example was a case with a fracture of the pelvis. The patient developed hypovolemic shock during computed tomography scanning. We had to resuscitate the patient in the radiology department. A fast sterile infusion system was not immediately available there, so we employed the system using a syringe. In these cases, we realized the effectiveness of the rapid infusion system using a three-way stopcock with two no-return valves, and the benefits of the system greatly outweighed the risk of infection.
How Special Are Brightest Cluster Galaxies? The Impact of Near-Infrared Luminosities on Scaling Relations for BCGs

Using the extended J, H, and K magnitudes provided by the 2MASS data archive, we consider the position of brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) in the observed relations between inferred supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass and the host galaxy properties, as well as their position in the stellar velocity dispersion and luminosity (σ*-L) relation, compared to E and S0 galaxies. We find that SMBH masses (M•) derived from near-infrared (NIR) magnitudes do not exceed ~3 × 109 M☉ and that these masses agree well with the predictions made from σ*. In the NIR, there is no evidence that BCGs leave the σ*-L relation defined by less luminous galaxies. The higher SMBH masses predicted from V-band luminosities (M• ≲ 1010.5 M☉) are attributed to the presence of extended envelopes around the BCGs; however, this will need to be confirmed using deeper multiwavelength imaging.