Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Taking Psychiatric Medication

Abstract This exploratory research reports on interviews of 32 social work students and practitioners who were currently taking psychiatric medication. A variety of common themes emerged as the stories of the process of taking medication unfolded. Age of respondent, the medical appointment, self-imposed stigma, and sexual dysfunction were all identified as salient variables. This article discusses these themes and presents clinical implications for social work practice. The authors stress the significance of psychological, emotional, and social factors in understanding the process of taking psychiatric medication.
Changes in pulmonary function and functional capacity in adolescents with mild idiopathic scoliosis: observational cohort study

Objective This observational cohort study aimed to evaluate ventilatory function (VF) and functional exercise capacity (FEC) in mild adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods Seventy-three adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis, aged approximately 10 to 17 years (mean age: 13.43 ± 1.27 years), with a Cobb angle less than 20° (mean: 16.44° ± 1.59°), met the inclusion criteria and were assigned to group A. Another 34 healthy adolescents with normal VF and FEC served as controls (group B). Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), and FEC (by the 6-minute walk test [6MWT]) were the main outcome measures. Results Post-study mean values of FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, MVV, and the 6MWT were 2.42 ± 0.36 L and 3.26 ± 0.59 L, 2.14 ± 0.31 L and 3.03 ± 0.43 L, 88.13% ± 3.89% and 91.14% ± 4.67%, 76.96 ± 6.85 L/m and 107.61 ± 11.44 L/m, and 581.12 ± 12.25 m and 627.74 ± 15.27 m in groups A and B, respectively. Between-group comparisons showed significant differences in FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, MVV, and the 6MWT. Conclusion Mild pulmonary and functional restrictions start early in mild AIS. This issue requires immediate intervention to prevent further deterioration.
Literacy in the television age : the myth of the TV effect

Television represents a potent social influence for today's children. Whether it is a positive or negative force, however, continues to be hotly debated. This is the central issue of this second edition. Has television contributed to a decline in literacy skills? Are the charges justified by existing evidence or by the results of current experimentation? Are there certain cultural biases toward television that narrowly define its uses as a learning tool? Can these issues be resolved to take advantage of new opportunities that the television medium presents? Television's influence on literacy and school learning are examined within a framework of four major themes: the displacement hypothesis, whether television influences the way children learn, the public's concern that television affects school-related behaviors, and television's capacity to whet children's academic interests. This book takes a fresh look at these themes, starting with a review and synthesis of major studies to date and moving on to a new series of studies analyzing the relationship between media and literacy.
Risk assessment and aspirin use in Asian and Western populations

Objective The aim of this review was to examine aspirin utilization, cardiovascular risk estimation, and clinical evidence for aspirin prophylaxis in Asian versus Western countries. Methods A literature search was performed using PubMed and the key terms “aspirin” and “Asia” or “Western”. Results Despite the growing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD), aspirin is underutilized in high-risk patients in both Asian and Western countries. A number of risk estimation scores are available; however, validation is needed in countries such as Japan, India, and in South Asia. Underutilization of aspirin in Asia may be linked to an overestimation of bleeding risks. It is possible that a higher prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and genetic differences may make Asians more susceptible to gastrointestinal bleeding. Very low aspirin doses and even the wider use of gastroprotective agents may be the optimal approach to high-risk patients in Asia. Conclusions Based on the current evidence, aspirin should be used for CVD prevention when the risk:benefit ratio is favorable. A number of trials are underway, including the Diabetic Atherosclerosis Prevention by Cilostazol and Japanese Primary Prevention Project, which will provide key data on the benefits of aspirin in Asian patients at risk of CVD, and may improve aspirin utilization and risk estimation.
ShearFace: Efficient Extraction of Anisotropic Features for Face Recognition

This paper presents an improved approach to face recognition, called Regularized Shear let Network (RSN), that takes advantage of the sparse representation properties of shear lets in biometric applications. The main novelty of our approach is the efficient extraction of geometric features based on the properties of the shear let decomposition, a multiscale directional method which is especially designed to capture directional and anisotropic information in multidimensional data. To further improve the performance of our face recognition algorithm, we include a regularization step to control the trade-off between the fidelity to the data (gallery) and smoothness of the solution (probe). In this work, we focus on the challenging problem of the single training sample per subject (STSS). We compare our new algorithm against different state-of-the-arts method using several facial databases including AR, FERET, FRGC, FEI and CK Our tests show that our RSN algorithm is very competitive and outperforms several state-of-the-art face recognition methods.
Toward a Collective Historical Archaeology

In this paper, I begin with ideas of difference and try to weave together aspects of our disciplinary structure, contemporary theoretical critique, and research agendas to show how our emphasis on difference, multiplicity, and individual identity makes it difficult to comprehend all that we share and constrains our political action to only local concerns. Instead, the kind of archaeological research that I envision focuses on commonalities through questions of labor, class and capitalism geared toward developing an understanding of all that we as people share.
Post-encephalitic Parkinsonism: current experience

The diagnosis of post-encephalitic Parkinsonism is rarely entertained today. In this paper we discuss eight recent patients, six of whom presented in the last 20 years, that conform to the diagnosis of encephalitis lethargica. The clinical features by which the diagnosis may be made are defined so that a contemporary definition of this disorder may be attained.
Introduction to Statistical Mediation Analysis

Preface. Introduction. Applications of the Mediation Model. Single Mediator Model. Single Mediator Model Details. Multiple Mediator Model. Path Analysis Mediation Models. Latent Variable Mediation Models. Longitudinal Mediation Models. Multilevel Mediation Models. Mediation and Moderation. Mediation in Categorical Data Analysis. Computer Intensive Methods for Mediation Models. Causal Inference for Mediation Models. Additional Approaches to Identifying Mediating Variables. Conclusions and Future Directions. Appendices: Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises. Notation.
Aerosol, a health hazard during ultrasonic scaling: A clinico-microbiological study

Context: Ultrasonic scaling is a routinely used treatment to remove plaque and calculus from tooth surfaces. These scalers use water as a coolant which is splattered during the vibration of the tip. The splatter when mixed with saliva and plaque of the patients causes the aerosol highly infectious and acts as a major risk factor for transmission of the disease. In spite of necessary protection, sometimes, the operator might get infected because of the infectious nature of the splatter. Aim: To evaluate the aerosol contamination produced during ultrasonic scaling by the help of microbiological analysis. Materials and Methods: This clinico-microbiological study consisted of twenty patients. Two agar plates were used for each patient; the first was kept at the center of the operatory room 20 min before the treatment while the second agar plate was kept 40 cm away from the patient's chest during the treatment. Both the agar plates were sent for microbiological analysis. Statistical Analysis: The statistical analysis was done with the help of STATA 11.0 (StataCorp. 2013. Stata Statistical Software, Release 13. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP, 4905 Lakeway Drive College Station, Texas, USA). Statistical software was used for data analysis and the P < 0.001 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The results for bacterial count were highly significant when compared before and during the treatment. The Gram staining showed the presence of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species in high numbers. Conclusions: The aerosols and splatters produced during dental procedures have the potential to spread infection to dental personnel. Therefore, proper precautions should be taken to minimize the risk of infection to the operator.
Distribution of enkephalin and its relation to serotonin in cat and monkey spinal cord and brain stem

The distribution of enkephalin (ENK)‐like immunoreactivity (LI) in spinal cord and medulla oblongata of cat and gray monkey (Macaca fascicularis) was studied by use of immunofluorescence and peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP)techniques. Possible coexistence between ENK‐ and 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT)‐LI was also analyzed with double labeling immunofluorescence. Furthermore, in situ hybridization was used to demonstrate cell bodies in the brain stem expressing mRNA encoding for ENK.
The identification and characterization of umbilical cord blood‐derived human basophils

Cross‐linking allergen‐specific immunoglobin E on human peripheral blood basophils results in the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators that initiate allergy and asthma. The signaling pathways leading from IgE binding to mediator release have not been well established, mainly due to the difficulty in obtaining adequate numbers of highly purified basophils. It was the goal of this study to easily obtain FcεRI‐positive human basophils in high yield and purity for studies of signal transduction pathways. We describe an in vitro culture system in which pulsing normal human cord blood leukocytes with interleukin‐3 (IL‐3) for 3–4 h followed by incubation in medium with fetal bovine serum generates a cell population that is predominately FcεRI positive between 14 and 28 days of culture. These cells resemble peripheral blood basophils when examined by light and electron microscopy. Like normal blood basophils, they express the integrins, CD11b, CD18, CD29, and CD49d. A majority of the IL‐3‐pulsed cells also express a marker recognized by the basophil‐specific antibody, 2D7. FceRI cross‐linking results in a time and dose‐dependent release of histamine. FcεRI cross‐linking also stimulates protein‐tyrosine phosphorylation, thought to be the first event leading to the IgE‐mediated activation of peripheral blood basophils. These studies establish cord blood as an accessible source from which basophil‐like cells can be developed to examine FcεRI‐mediated signal transduction. J. Leukoc. Biol. 64: 474–483; 1998.
Parkinson's Law or the Pursuit of Progress

Parkinson's Law states that 'work expands to fill the time available'. While strenuously denied by management consultants, bureaucrats and efficiency experts, the law is borne out by disinterested observation of any organization. The book goes far beyond its famous theorem, though. The author goes on to explain how to meet the most important people at a social gathering and why, as a matter of mathematical certainty, the time spent debating an issue is inversely proportional to its objective importance. Justly famous for more than forty years, Parkinson's Law is at once a bracingly cynical primer on the reality of human organization, and an innoculation against the wilful optimism to which we as a species are prone.
Telencephalin protects PAJU cells from amyloid beta protein-induced apoptosis by activating the ezrin/radixin/moesin protein family/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway

Telencephalin is a neural glycoprotein that reduces apoptosis induced by amyloid beta protein in the human neural tumor cell line PAJU. In this study, we examined the role of the ezrin/radixin/moesin protein family/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway in this process. Western blot analysis demonstrated that telencephalin, phosphorylated ezrin/radixin/moesin and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B were not expressed in PAJU cells transfected with empty plasmid, while they were expressed in PAJU cells transfected with a telencephalin expression plasmid. After treatment with 1.0 nM amyloid beta protein 42, expression of telencephalin and phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B in the transfected cells gradually diminished, while levels of phosphorylated ezrin/radixin/moesin increased. In addition, the high levels of telencephalin, phosphorylated ezrin/radixin/moesin and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B expression in PAJU cells transfected with a telencephalin expression plasmid could be suppressed by the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor LY294002. These findings indicate that telencephalin activates the ezrin/radixin/moesin family/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway and protects PAJU cells from amyloid beta protein-induced apoptosis.
An objective video quality metric based on spatiotemporal distortion

This paper proposes an objective video quality metric based on an analysis of spatial and temporal distortions. Spatial quality features extracted from the spatiotemporal region of reference and distorted videos are used to express the spatial distortion. Temporal distortion, caused by frame freezing resulting from a packet loss, is derived from the spatial distortion before and after the frozen frames. The overall quality is predicted according to the weighted combination of qualities over all the temporal regions. The experimental results with respect to the subjective measurements demonstrate the fast computation and promising performance of the proposed model compared with existing methods.
From the Mouths of Men: A Model of Men's Perception of Social Identity Threat Toward Women in the Workplace and Endorsement of Identity Safety Behaviors

From the Mouths of Men: A Model of Men’s Perception of Social Identity Threat toward Women in the Workplace and Endorsement of Identity Safety Behaviors Mekayla K. Castro This study proposed a moderated mediation model where social identity complexity was hypothesized to predict endorsement of identity safety behaviors intended to mitigate social identity threat for women in a male-dominated work context. Male awareness of systemic social identity threats for women was examined as a potential mediator of the proposed relationship between social identity complexity and identity safety endorsement. Finally, psychosocial safety climate was hypothesized to moderate the relationship between sensitivity to women’s identity threat and identity safety endorsement. More than 400 STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) male professors completed an online questionnaire measuring the study constructs. Ordinary least squares regression and bootstrapping methods were used to test the study hypotheses. Results showed that certain dimensions of social identity complexity predicted identity safety endorsement. While male sensitivity to women’s identity threat predicted a particular type of identity safety endorsement, there was no support for the construct as a mediator. There was also no support found for psychosocial safety climate as a moderator in this study. Supplemental findings revealed that having academic tenure and increased contact with women colleagues positively predicted endorsement of identity safety. Theoretical implications, directions for future research, and practical implications are discussed.
The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion

Jonathan Haidt's The Righteous Mind seeks to explain why it is difficult for liberals and conservatives to get along. His aim is not just explanatory but also prescriptive. Once we understand that the differences between disputants spring from distinct moral views held by equally sincere people, then we will no longer have reason for deep political animus. Conservatives and Liberals have distinct (although somewhat overlapping) moral views and they understand human nature differently. He claims that these differences are best understood by consulting an array of psychological studies, key genetic findings, and the theoretical underpinnings of sociobiology. After summarizing his arguments, we isolate and discuss the three most important and contentious issues in his book. We argue that although the project's motivation is noble and some of his findings are insightful, his key explanations, inferences, and prescriptions are wanting. We end by suggesting a way he could defend a weaker version of his view.
A questionnaire for screening a broad range of DSM-defined anxiety disorder symptoms in clinically referred children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE To examine the reliability and validity of the 66-item Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders-Revised (SCARED-R), a questionnaire for measuring a broad range of DSM-defined anxiety disorder symptoms, in a sample of clinically referred youths. METHOD The SCARED-R was administered to children/adolescents and their parents during the standard intake assessment. SCARED-R scores were compared against Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores, DSM-IV axis I classifications, and global assessment of functioning (GAF) ratings. RESULTS In this sample of clinically referred youths, the SCARED-R was reliable in terms of internal consistency and showed reasonable child-parent agreement. Furthermore, SCARED-R scores correlated significantly with CBCL internalising but not with externalising. Within the group of children with anxiety disorders, SCARED-R scores were also negatively associated with children's daily functioning as rated on the GAF scale. Finally, SCARED-R scores had satisfactory discriminant validity (both between anxiety disorders and other problems and within anxiety disorders), and appeared to have reasonable value for predicting specific anxiety disorders. CONCLUSION The SCARED-R is a valuable addition to the arsenal of questionnaires that are used for the assessment of anxiety in youths.
Dopamine DRD2 polymorphism alters reversal learning and associated neural activity

In humans, presence of an A1 allele of the DRD2/ANKK1-TaqIa polymorphism is associated with reduced expression of dopamine (DA) D2 receptors in the striatum. Recently, it was observed that carriers of the A1 allele (A1+ subjects) showed impaired learning from negative feedback in a reinforcement learning task. Here, using functional MRI (fMRI), we investigated carriers and noncarriers of the A1 allele while they performed a probabilistic reversal learning task. A1+ subjects showed subtle deficits in reversal learning. In particular, these deficits consisted of an impairment in sustaining the newly rewarded response after a reversal and in a generally decreased tendency to stick with a rewarded response. Both genetic groups showed increased fMRI signal in response to negative feedback in the rostral cingulate zone (RCZ) and anterior insula. Negative feedback that incurred a change in behavior additionally engaged the ventral striatum and a region of the midbrain consistent with the location of dopaminergic cell groups. The response of the RCZ to negative feedback increased as a function of preceding negative feedback. However, this graded response was not observed in the A1+ group. Furthermore, the A1+ group also showed diminished recruitment of the right ventral striatum and the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) during reversals. Together, these results suggest that a genetically driven reduction in DA D2 receptors leads to deficient feedback integration in RCZ. This, in turn, was accompanied by impaired recruitment of the ventral striatum and the right lOFC during reversals, which might explain the behavioral differences between the genetic groups.
Spectral Analysis of Surface Motor Unit Action Potentials and Surface Interference Electromyogram

Surface interference electromyograms (EMG's) were recorded from the tibial muscle of a healthy subject during 50 percent maximal contraction and single motor unit action potentials (MUAP's) were isolated by averaging from the interference pattern. The formation of the EMG was simulated by summing isolated MUAP's according to the statistical properties of the corresponding motor unit discharges. Power spectral density functions (PSDF's) were finally computed for single MUAP's as well as for simulated and experimental EMG's and compared with each other.
Psychometric Properties of a Scale to Assess Parental Self-Efficacy for Influencing Children’s Dietary, Physical Activity, Sedentary, and Screen Time Behaviors in Disadvantaged Areas

Background. According to social cognitive theory, self-efficacy is central to behavior change. Consequently, parental self-efficacy (PSE) for influencing children’s dietary, physical activity (PA), sedentary, and screen time behaviors is important for child obesity prevention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of an instrument to measure PSE regarding these behaviors in disadvantaged areas. Method. Parents (n = 229) of whom 47% had completed secondary school or less, and who participated in the Healthy School Start trial, responded to a 15-item PSE instrument. Children’s diet and screen time were measured through parent reports. PA and sedentary behaviors were measured using accelerometers. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), criterion validity by correlations with child behaviors, and internal consistency by Cronbach’s alpha. Results. The EFA yielded three factors: (a) PSE for promoting PA; (b) PSE for limiting intake of unhealthy foods, unhealthy drinks, and screen time; and (c) PSE for promoting intake of fruits and vegetables, all with acceptable to good internal consistency (α = .77-.81). Significant correlations (p < .01) were found between children’s dietary (rs = −.19 to −.29) and screen time (r = −.29) behaviors and Factor 2, and dietary behaviors and Factor 3 (rs = .20-.39) but not regarding PA and sedentary behaviors and Factor 1. Conclusion. The instrument demonstrated good construct validity and acceptable to good internal consistency regarding all but PA behaviors. It may be useful for assessing PSE in child obesity prevention interventions in disadvantaged settings after some refinement.
A simple neural network module for relational reasoning

Relational reasoning is a central component of generally intelligent behavior, but has proven difficult for neural networks to learn. In this paper we describe how to use Relation Networks (RNs) as a simple plug-and-play module to solve problems that fundamentally hinge on relational reasoning. We tested RN-augmented networks on three tasks: visual question answering using a challenging dataset called CLEVR, on which we achieve state-of-the-art, super-human performance; text-based question answering using the bAbI suite of tasks; and complex reasoning about dynamic physical systems. Then, using a curated dataset called Sort-of-CLEVR we show that powerful convolutional networks do not have a general capacity to solve relational questions, but can gain this capacity when augmented with RNs. Our work shows how a deep learning architecture equipped with an RN module can implicitly discover and learn to reason about entities and their relations.