Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teachers’ ability and help attributions and children's math performance and task persistence

ABSTRACT The present longitudinal study examined the reciprocal relationships between teachers’ causal attributions and children's math performance and task persistence. In total, 760 elementary school children and their teachers participated in this study. The children were tested in math twice, at the end of the second and third grades. At both time points teachers also filled out questionnaires measuring their causal attributions and assessed children's task persistence. The results indicated that the more the teachers attributed children's math success to their own help or math failure to children's ability, the poorer the children's math performance was. Likewise, the lower the children's math performance was, the more teachers thought that their math success was due to teachers’ help or math failure was due to children's ability. In contrast, teachers’ perception of success attributions to ability was based on children's task persistence as well as math performance. Persistent behaviour in turn increased children's math performance and vice versa. The findings highlight the importance of teachers’ causal attributions in children's learning.
Probation qualifications framework: Getting the right balance

T introduction of a new probation qualifi cations framework to replace the Diploma in Probation Studies (DipPS) marks another signifi cant development in the training and education of probation staff. The introduction of the DipPS was seen as groundbreaking at the time, both in terms of its intention to remove probation training from social work, and its structure in combining an NVQ with an honours degree. In retrospect, the qualifi cation appears to have served the organization well and has provided a more focused curriculum although it has not been without its weaknesses. It has been aimed exclusively at one grade of staff and in this respect has not been responsive to the needs of the overall workforce. It has a fairly rigid recruitment structure and high costs of delivery resulting from the complex infrastructure required to oversee the academic and practice-based components of the programme. Moreover, whilst trainees generally seem to have found it a stimulating programme, they have in many cases struggled to balance the various demands placed upon them (Collins et al., 2009). Studies have also suggested that the programme has by and large produced confi dent and able workers possessing appropriate skills and knowledge at the point of qualifi cation. This has been undermined, however, by a lack of consistent procedures to affect the transition of newly qualifi ed staff into the workplace and ‘what is lacking for the majority of the respondents is the kind of supervisory relationship that could help them in the refl ective cycle so necessary to the continued development of their learning’ (Gregory, 2007: 67). The new probation qualifi cations framework would seem to address some, but not all, of these issues through the provision of more fl exible recruitment processes which could potentially be more responsive to the needs of local probation trusts. Under the new arrangements budgetary responsibility is devolved from the centre to local employers. In recent years there has been something of a mismatch between the number of trainees seeking employment following qualifi cation and vacancies available in the local areas. Whilst the new arrangements could potentially lead to more responsive workforce planning, they will require robust systems at the local level to meet these challenges. It is important that the infrastructure provided by the Editorial
The Paradox of Participation Experiments

An ongoing trend in technology policy has been to advocate participation. However, the author claims that lay citizens’ participation typically materializes in the form of a laboratory experiment at present. That is, lay participation as currently organized by professional participation experts under controlled conditions rarely is linked to public controversies, to the pursuit of political participation or to individual concerns. Derived from qualitative research on two citizen conferences, the author shows empirically that in practice, this laboratory participation leads to paradoxical effects: successfully carrying out the experiment results in a systematic disappointment of the hope for gains in rationality typically attached to lay participation. Finally, the author relates this result to sociological debates about new modes of knowledge production. Under such a perspective, the author sees a paradoxical development: while society at large is becoming a laboratory in which knowledge is produced, participation practice is retreating from society into the lab.
Type synthesis and kinematics of a modular variable geometry truss mechanism for aircraft wing morphing

Recently there has been a trend in developing morphing airborne structures to positively affect the aerodynamics, flight performance and stability of aircraft, and act as replacements for control surfaces. Most wing level morphing projects focus on variable sweep, dihedral, wing twist or span, but very few combine more than one of these morphing methodologies to achieve greater morphing functionality. Also the methods used for actuation differ significantly from one morphing method to the next. Presented is the type synthesis of a modular variable geometry truss mechanism for aircraft wing morphing. Each truss module resembles a Gough-Stewart platform which is augmented with a central leg. The structural truss members are replaced with active and passive prismatic joints to achieve 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-DOF morphing for individual or simultaneous wing sweep, dihedral, twist and span. Kinematic requirements are outlined for each truss module and are related to the architecture of the central leg. The wings of a robotic bird are modelled as an example of the modular VGTM morphing wing.
Trust Prediction in Online Communities Employing Neurofuzzy Approach

Exploiting the opportunities provided by Web 2.0 technologies has led to the appearance of social web applications, which allow users to interact and collaborate with each other, thereby sharing experience in an online environment. Establishing a trust mechanism is vital in order to identify the trustful sources of information on the social web. Trust prediction can be a useful tool for identifying the potential trust relationships among users in an online community. Thereby, reliable participants can be recommended to users; this increases social interaction among users and makes the trust network denser. The main contribution of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of soft computing and neurofuzzy techniques within the context of trust prediction. Therefore, an adaptive neurofuzzy inference system (ANFIS) as a representative of neurofuzzy techniques is compared with the widely used classification techniques including C4.5 decision tree, artificial neural network (ANN), logistic regression, and Bayesian network. All methods are applied on a portion of data obtained from the Epinions network. The results of empirical experiments indicate that ANFIS achieves the best performance in terms of area under ROC (AUC) among all other methods. Furthermore, ANFIS follows closely a C4.5 algorithm concerning F-measure. Overall, the results of experiments indicate that AFNIS can be a suitable candidate for prediction of unknown trust relationships in an online community.
Sport Orientations and Goal Perspectives of Wheelchair Athletes

The purpose was to examine the sport orientations and goal perspectives of wheelchair adult athletes who differed on gender and type of sport. Participants were 34 male and 14 female marathoners and 166 male and 29 female basketball players. Instruments were the Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ) and the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ). Separate 2 × 2 (Gender × Sport) multivariate analysis of variance revealed that on the SOQ, males scored higher on competitive orientation, females scored higher on goal orientation, and no gender differences occurred on win orientation. Basketball players scored higher on win orientation, marathoners scored higher on goal orientation, and no differences occurred between sport groups on competitiveness orientation. On the TEOSQ, there were no gender differences; marathoners scored higher on ego orientation, and no differences occurred between sport groups on task orientation.
Emergence of daptomycin-non-susceptible enterococci urinary tract isolates.

All patients with at least one positive urine culture for DNSE, defined as enterococci with a daptomycin MIC . 4 mg ml (Kelesidis et al., 2011) determined by reference broth microdilution (BMD) (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2009) in a 5-year (2007–2012) period, were included in this study after institutional review board approval. All DNSE were confirmed by repeat BMD testing at the time of isolation. Daptomycin MICs for isolates included in this study were later confirmed by Etest (bioMérieux) following storage of the isolates at 270 uC in Brucella broth +15 % glycerol (BD). Strain typing was performed by repetitive element PCR (DiversiLab, bioMérieux) (Kelesidis et al., 2012b). Colonization versus UTI with DNSE was determined using established criteria (CDC/NHSN, 2013).
GENETIC TRANSDUCTION WITH STAPHYLOPHAGE

Korman, Ruth Z. (Elmira College, Elmira, N.Y.) and David T. Berman. Genetic transduction with staphylophage. J. Bacteriol. 84:228–236. 1962. —Transduction by crude lysates obtained by ultraviolet-light induction of phage 53 lysogenic derivatives of Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8511 has been confirmed. A defined medium and sugar-differential medium were developed, permitting demonstration of transmission of sugar-fermentation loci. The range of transmissible markers has been extended to include free-coagulase production as well as antibiotic-resistance markers. A rare class of heterogeneous streptomycin-resistant transformed clones was obtained. These were assumed to be heterogenotic.
Sons, Daughters, and Intergenerational Support in Taiwan

This study focuses on married children's financial support for their parents in Taiwan. It is often assumed that economic and social changes accompanying industrialization will drastically weaken parental power and thus reduce the support from adult children to parents. The data in this article, however, show that the vast majority of married children, both sons and daughters, provided net financial suppor for their parents during the previous year. The socioeconomic characteristics of the parents and children in the families where financial transfers occurred indicate that the altruism/corporate group model best portrays intergenerational transactions during the period of rapid economic growth.
Nicotinic and muscarinic subtypes in the human brain: Changes with aging and dementia

Different effects of normal aging on muscarinic and nicotinic receptor subtypes were observed in postmortem brain tissue from different regions of the human brain. A significant decrease in Ml and M2 receptors was found in cerebral cortex, while the Ml and especially the M2 receptors increased with age in the thalamus. A similar pattern of changes was also observed when using (−)3H‐nicotine as ligandfor nicotinic receptors in the cortex and thalamus. No significant changes in nicotinic receptor binding were observed with age in the cortex or thalamus, when using 3H‐acetylcholine as ligand. Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors in the brain are not equally affected in dementia disorders. A marked loss of high affinity nicotinic receptors was observed in cortical tissue from patients with Alzheimer's disease and with multi‐infaret dementia (MID). The muscarinic receptors were (both Ml and M2) increased in Alzheimer cortical tissue while they were decreased in MID.
Viscoelastic shear properties of articular cartilage and the effects of glycosidase treatments

The objectives of this study were to determine the viscoelastic shear properties of articular cartilage and to investigate the effects of the alteration of proteoglycan structure on these shear properties. Glycosidase treatments (chondroitinase ABC and Streptomyces hyaluronidase) were used to alter the proteoglycan structure and content of the tissue. The dynamic viscoelastic shear properties of control and treated tissues were measured and statistically compared. Specifically, cylindrical bovine cartilage specimens were subjected to oscillatory shear deformation of small amplitude (γo = 0.001 radian) over a physiological range of frequencies (0.01–20 Hz) and at various compressive strains (5, 9, 12, and 16%). The dynamic complex shear modulus was calculated from the measurements. The experimental results show that the solid matrix of normal articular cartilage exhibits intrinsic viscoelastic properties in shear over the range of frequencies tested. These viscoelastic shear properties were found to be dependent on compressive strains. Our data also provide significant insights into the structure‐function relationships for articular cartilage. Significant correlations were found between the material properties (the magnitude of dynamic shear modulus, the phase shift angle, and the equilibrium compressive modulus), and the biochemical compositions of the cartilage (collagen, proteoglycan, and water contents). The shear modulus was greatly reduced when the proteoglycans were degraded by either chondroitinase ABC or Streptomyces hyaluronidase. The results suggest that the ability of collagen to resist tension elastically provides the stiffness of the cartilage matrix in shear and its elastic energy storage capability. Proteoglycans enmeshed in the collagen matrix inflate the collagen network and induce a tensile prestress in the collagen fibrils. This interaction of the collagen and proteoglycan within the cartilage matrix provides the complex mechanism that allows the tissue to resist shear deformation.
The evolving role of the Rhema Movement in the South African public square

The position of the Rhema Movement on law and religion in South Africa, and religious freedom in particular, can be understood by assessing their changing role in the public square. Underlying their role is the view that, public engagement and social justice are forms of religious expression, embarked upon within the robust religious freedom of contemporary South Africa. The impetus for involvement in the political landscape of South Africa, by the Rhema Bible Church, a Charismatic Pentecostal Christian Church, and its’ leader, Pastor Ray McCauley, has been widely speculated over in the media. It is the premise of this paper that by assessing the Rhema Movement’s changing role in the public square in recent decades, as well as the theological and philosophical basis for such engagement, the position of the Rhema Movement on law and religion, and religious freedom in particular, can be understood. Underlying their actions, Marius Oosthuizen argues herein, is their stance that public engagement and social justice are forms of religious expression, upon which they seek to embark within the robust religious freedom afforded them by the constitutional dispensation of contemporary South Africa.
Changes in GABA and GABAB receptor expressions are involved in neuropathy in the rat cuneate nucleus following median nerve transection

This study examined the relationship between changes in GABA transmission and behavioral abnormalities after median nerve transection. Following unilateral median nerve transection, the percentage of GABA‐like immunoreactive neurons in the cuneate nucleus and that of GABAB receptor‐like immunoreactive neurons in the dorsal root ganglion in the injured side decreased and reached a nadir at 4 weeks after median nerve transection. Four weeks after bilateral median nerve transection and intraperitoneal application with saline, baclofen (2 mg kg−1), or phaclofen (2 mg kg−1) before unilateral electrical stimulation of the injured median nerve, we investigated the level of neuropeptide Y release and c‐Fos expression in the stimulated side of the cuneate nucleus. The neuropeptide Y release level and the number of c‐Fos‐like immunoreactive neurons in the baclofen group were significantly attenuated, whereas those in the phaclofen group had increased compared to the saline group. These findings indicate that median nerve transection reduces GABA transmission, promoting injury‐induced neuropeptide Y release and consequently evoking c‐Fos expression in cuneate nucleus neurons. Furthermore, this study used the CatWalk method to assess behavioral abnormalities in rats following median nerve transection. These abnormalities were reversed by baclofen treatment. Overall, the results suggest that baclofen treatment block neuropeptide Y release, subsequently lessening c‐Fos expression in cuneate neurons and consequently attenuating neuropathic signal transmission to the thalamus. Synapse, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development and Evaluation of a Mobile Application Suite for Enhancing the Social Inclusion and Well-Being of Seniors

Smart mobile devices, due to their ubiquitous nature and high level penetration in everyday life, can be a key component of an Ambient Assisted Living system to improve the quality of life of older people. This paper presents the development and evaluation of Senior App Suite, a system created for assisting seniors’ personal independence and social inclusion. The system integrates mobile computing combined with web and service-oriented technologies to offer a mobile application suite that seniors can easily use to access services, spanning various application areas such as social networking, emergency detection and overall well-being. The research hypothesis is that using such services can be beneficial for decreasing social isolation. There is quantitative indication that this assumption is realistic backed up also by the qualitative analysis from the user’s feedback derived during a pilot study (n = 22) suggesting that Senior App Suite can motivate people in new activities, maintain connection with social ties, give joy and self-confidence, and increase the frequency and quality of social interactions. Our contribution is a detailed methodology spanning the research, design, development, and evaluation of a solution that aims to improve the quality of life of seniors while addressing open issues identified in related initiatives.
School Students Age Ten to Twelve: A "No Man's Land" in Developmental Psychology

A survey of psychological research devoted to school students age ten to twelve was undertaken in order to solve the practical question of the optimal conditions for teaching fourth- and fifth-graders. The results cited give a dual answer to this question. On the one hand, school students age ten to twelve differ qualitatively from elementary school students age six to ten. On the other hand, conditions for a nontraumatic transition of the child from younger school age to adolescence can be created only if changes in his environment are gradual and unhurried. What then is the main line of age-related continuity that is of almost no concern to pedagogues but that should be of concern to them? The empirical evidence examined gives serious grounds for regarding reflection as the chief moving force of all aspects of mental development during the transition from younger school age to adolescence. The reflection in question is what serves above all the sphere of the individual's self-consciousness, reflection as the individual capacity for self-change. The task of the individualization of learning activity, of bringing up a person capable of self-education can hardly be solved without addressing the child's self-consciousness.
Genetic associations of intracranial aneurysm formation and sub-arachnoid hemorrhage

Risk factors for cerebral aneurysms typically include age, hypertension, smoking, and alcohol usage. However, the possible connection of aneurysms with genetic conditions such as Marfan's syndrome, polycystic kidney disease, and neurofibromatosis raises the question of possible genetic risk factors for aneurysm, and additionally, genetic risk factors for rupture. We conducted a literature review using the PubMed database for studies regarding genetic correlation with cerebral aneurysm formation as well as rupture from December 2008 to Jun 2015. Twenty-one studies related to IA formation and 10 concerning IA rupture that met our criteria were found and tabulated. The most studied gene and the strongest association was 9p21/CDKN2, which is involved in vessel wall remodelling. Other possible genes that may contribute to IA formation include EDNRA and SOX17; however, these factors were not studied as robustly as CDKN2. Multiple factors contribute to aneurysm formation and rupture and the contributions of blood flow dynamics and comorbidities as mentioned previously, cannot be ignored. While these elements are important to development and rupture of aneurysms, genetic influence may predispose certain patients to formation of aneurysms and eventual rupture.
Immunity to HIV-1 Is Influenced by Continued Natural Exposure to Exogenous Virus

Unprotected sexual intercourse between individuals who are both infected with HIV-1 can lead to exposure to their partner's virus, and potentially to super-infection. However, the immunological consequences of continued exposure to HIV-1 by individuals already infected, has to our knowledge never been reported. We measured T cell responses in 49 HIV-1 infected individuals who were on antiretroviral therapy with suppressed viral loads. All the individuals were in a long-term sexual partnership with another HIV-1 infected individual, who was either also on HAART and suppressing their viral loads, or viremic (>9000 copies/ml). T cell responses to HIV-1 epitopes were measured directly ex-vivo by the IFN-γ enzyme linked immuno-spot assay and by cytokine flow cytometry. Sexual exposure data was generated from questionnaires given to both individuals within each partnership. Individuals who continued to have regular sexual contact with a HIV-1 infected viremic partner had significantly higher frequencies of HIV-1-specific T cell responses, compared to individuals with aviremic partners. Strikingly, the magnitude of the HIV-1-specific T cell response correlated strongly with the level and route of exposure. Responses consisted of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. Longitudinally, decreases in exposure were mirrored by a lower T cell response. However, no evidence for systemic super-infection was found in any of the individuals. Continued sexual exposure to exogenous HIV-1 was associated with increased HIV-1-specific T cell responses, in the absence of systemic super-infection, and correlated with the level and type of exposure.
Characterization of sera from subjects infected with HIV-1 subtypes B and E in Thailand by antibody binding and neutralization.

The range and specificity of the humoral immune response to HIV-1 subtypes B and E was investigated in Thai samples. Sera from HIV-1-positive subjects, consisting of subtypes B (n = 24) and E (n = 138), were characterized in relation to the neutralization of primary isolates and T-cell line-adapted (TCLA) strains and binding to monomeric gp120, the CD4/gp120 binding site (BS), and V3 peptides. A subtype-specific pattern of antibody binding was observed with the exception of the CD4/gp 120MN BS. Neutralization of TCLA strains (n = 4) was strongly type-specific (p = .002); however, neutralization of primary isolates (n = 8) was weak and group specific. Thus, the subtype specificity of B and E sera in the neutralization of TCLA strains, but not primary isolates, supports the dominance of the V3 region in TCLA virus neutralization but does not support the distinction of subtypes B and E as discrete neutralization serotypes in Thailand.