Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three Systems of Insular Functional Connectivity Identified with Cluster Analysis

Despite much research on the function of the insular cortex, few studies have investigated functional subdivisions of the insula in humans. The present study used resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to parcellate the human insular lobe based on clustering of functional connectivity patterns. Connectivity maps were computed for each voxel in the insula based on resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) data and segregated using cluster analysis. We identified 3 insular subregions with distinct patterns of connectivity: a posterior region, functionally connected with primary and secondary somatomotor cortices; a dorsal anterior to middle region, connected with dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, along with other regions of a previously described control network; and a ventral anterior region, primarily connected with pregenual anterior cingulate cortex. Applying these regions to a separate task data set, we found that dorsal and ventral anterior insula responded selectively to disgusting images, while posterior insula did not. These results demonstrate that clustering of connectivity patterns can be used to subdivide cerebral cortex into anatomically and functionally meaningful subregions; the insular regions identified here should be useful in future investigations on the function of the insula.
Improving Twitter Sentiment Analysis with Topic-Based Mixture Modeling and Semi-Supervised Training

In this paper, we present multiple approaches to improve sentiment analysis on Twitter data. We first establish a state-of-the-art baseline with a rich feature set. Then we build a topic-based sentiment mixture model with topic-specific data in a semi-supervised training framework. The topic information is generated through topic modeling based on an efficient implementation of Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). The proposed sentiment model outperforms the top system in the task of Sentiment Analysis in Twitter in SemEval-2013 in terms of averaged F scores.
Genome size variation in the pine fusiform rust pathogen Cronartium quercuum f.sp. fusiforme as determined by flow cytometry

The genome size of the pine fusiform rust pathogen Cronartium quercuum f.sp. fusiforme (Cqf) was determined by flow cytometric analysis of propidium iodide-stained, intact haploid pycniospores with haploid spores of two genetically well characterized fungal species, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici, as size standards. The Cqf haploid genome was estimated at ~90 Mb, similar to other Pucciniales species for which reference genome sequences are available. Twenty-three Cqf pycniospore samples were compared that comprised three samples obtained from naturally occurring pine galls and 20 samples obtained after artificial inoculation with parental isolates and their progeny. Significant variation in genome size (>10% of mean) was detected among unrelated as well as sibling Cqf samples. The unexpected plasticity in Cqf genome size observed among sibling samples is likely to be driven by meiosis between parental genomes that differ in size.
Increased neuronal firing in resting and sleep in areas of the macaque medial prefrontal cortex

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of humans and macaques is an integral part of the default mode network and is a brain region that shows increased activation in the resting state. A previous paper from our laboratory reported significantly increased firing rates of neurons in the macaque subgenual cingulate cortex, Brodmann area (BA) 25, during disengagement from a task and also during slow wave sleep [E.T. Rolls et al. (2003) J. Neurophysiology, 90, 134–142]. Here we report the finding that there are neurons in other areas of mPFC that also increase their firing rates during disengagement from a task, drowsiness and eye‐closure. During the neurophysiological recording of single mPFC cells (n = 249) in BAs 9, 10, 13 m, 14c, 24b and especially pregenual area 32, populations of neurons were identified whose firing rates altered significantly with eye‐closure compared with eye‐opening. Three types of neuron were identified: Type 1 cells (28.1% of the total population) significantly increased (mean + 329%; P ≪ 0.01) their average firing rate with eye‐closure, from 3.1 spikes/s when awake to 10.2 spikes/s when asleep; Type 2 cells (6.0%) significantly decreased (mean −68%; P < 0.05) their firing rate on eye‐closure; and Type 3 cells (65.9%) were unaffected. Thus, in many areas of mPFC, implicated in the anterior default mode network, there is a substantial population of neurons that significantly increase their firing rates during periods of eye‐closure. Such neurons may be part of an interconnected network of distributed brain regions that are more active during periods of relaxed wakefulness than during attention‐demanding tasks.
Effect of short-term zinc supplementation on zinc and selenium tissue distribution and serum antioxidant enzymes.

BACKGROUND A significant association between Zn and Se homeostasis exists. At the same time, data on the influence of zinc supplementation on selenium distribution in organs and tissues seem to be absent. Therefore, the primary objective of the current study is to investigate the influence of zinc asparaginate supplementation on zinc and selenium distribution and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in Wistar rats. METHODS 36 rats were used in the experiment. The duration of the experiment was 7 and 14 days in the first and second series, respectively. The rats in Group I were used as the control ones. Animals in Groups II and III daily obtained zinc asparaginate (ZnA) in the doses of 5 and 15 mg/kg weight, respectively. Zinc and selenium content in liver, kidneys, heart, muscle, serum and hair was assessed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Serum SOD and GPx activity was analysed spectrophotometrically using Randox kits. RESULTS Intragastric administration of zinc asparaginate significantly increased liver, kidney, and serum zinc content without affecting skeletal and cardiac muscle levels. Zinc supplementation also stimulated selenium retention in the rats' organs. Moreover, a significant positive correlation between zinc and selenium content was observed. Finally, zinc asparaginate treatment has been shown to modulate serum GPx but not SOD activity. CONCLUSIONS The obtained data indicate that zinc-induced increase in GPx activity may be mediated through modulation of selenium status. However, future studies are required to estimate the exact mechanisms of zinc and selenium interplay.
Training Radial Basis Function Neural Networks for Classification via Class-Specific Clustering

In training radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs), the locations of Gaussian neurons are commonly determined by clustering. Training inputs can be clustered on a fully unsupervised manner (input clustering), or some supervision can be introduced, for example, by concatenating the input vectors with weighted output vectors (input-output clustering). In this paper, we propose to apply clustering separately for each class (class-specific clustering). The idea has been used in some previous works, but without evaluating the benefits of the approach. We compare the class-specific, input, and input-output clustering approaches in terms of classification performance and computational efficiency when training RBFNNs. To accomplish this objective, we apply three different clustering algorithms and conduct experiments on 25 benchmark data sets. We show that the class-specific approach significantly reduces the overall complexity of the clustering, and our experimental results demonstrate that it can also lead to a significant gain in the classification performance, especially for the networks with a relatively few Gaussian neurons. Among other applied clustering algorithms, we combine, for the first time, a dynamic evolutionary optimization method, multidimensional particle swarm optimization, and the class-specific clustering to optimize the number of cluster centroids and their locations.
Teen suicide: Awareness and prevention

The purpose of this article is to examine how anxiety and depression influence teens in high school who contemplate suicide and how the assistance of intervention programs generates awareness. Looking at the statistics and data over the years has shown an increase in suicidal incidents even though there are more programs today than in years past. Identifying the emotional and developmental needs of adolescents offers understanding of the mindset of a distressed teen. High school counselors are in position to address students in awareness, prevention, and intervention while positively influencing the community on the facts regarding suicide.
PENGARUH SIKAP MAHASISWA MUSLIM TERHADAP MINAT PADA BANK SYARIAH

This study has two objectives, namely 1) understanding moslem students attitudes toward Islamic banks products in Yogyakarta, and 2) determining the interest groups of students majoring in Islamic economics / muamalah in Yogyakarta on Islamic Banking. Data were collected through questionnaires and tested by regression analysis. The results showed that the attitude and subjective norms affect the interest savings in Islamic banks. This means that all independent variables have a significant positive relationship with the dependent variable.
A novel method for information propagation model perceiving

With the rapid development of Internet, we have to face an increasingly important reality regarding the way in which people propagate information and express their thoughts. Meanwhile, social network has caused the tremendous changes of information propagation model. On this premise, perceiving information propagation model effectively is critical in understanding the rules of information propagation. In this paper, we determine the relationship between modularity and information propagation model, and propose a novel method which combines modularity with triple exponential smoothing model to perceive information propagation mechanism. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in information propagation model perceiving. This method can also predict information propagation trends to a certain extent.
The transcriptional response of Arabidopsis leaves to Fe deficiency

Due to its ease to donate or accept electrons, iron (Fe) plays a crucial role in respiration and metabolism, including tetrapyrrole synthesis, in virtually all organisms. In plants, Fe is a component of the photosystems and thus essential for photosynthesis. Fe deficiency compromises chlorophyll (Chl) synthesis, leading to interveinal chlorosis in developing leaves and decreased photosynthetic activity. To gain insights into the responses of photosynthetically active cells to Fe deficiency, we conducted transcriptional profiling experiments on leaves from Fe-sufficient and Fe-deficient plants using the RNA-seq technology. As anticipated, genes associated with photosynthesis and tetrapyrrole metabolism were dramatically down-regulated by Fe deficiency. A sophisticated response comprising the down-regulation of HEMA1 and NYC1, which catalyze the first committed step in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and the conversion of Chl b to Chl a at the commencement of Chl breakdown, respectively, and the up-regulation of CGLD27, which is conserved in plastid-containing organisms and putatively involved in xanthophyll biosynthesis, indicates a carefully orchestrated balance of potentially toxic tetrapyrrole intermediates and functional end products to avoid photo-oxidative damage. Comparing the responses to Fe deficiency in leaves to that in roots confirmed subgroup 1b bHLH transcription factors and POPEYE/BRUTUS as important regulators of Fe homeostasis in both leaf and root cells, and indicated six novel players with putative roles in Fe homeostasis that were highly expressed in leaves and roots and greatly induced by Fe deficiency. The data further revealed down-regulation of organ-specific subsets of genes encoding ribosomal proteins, which may be indicative of a change in ribosomal composition that could bias translation. It is concluded that Fe deficiency causes a massive reorganization of plastid activity, which is adjusting leaf function to the availability of Fe.
Associations between Multiple Accelerometry-Assessed Physical Activity Parameters and Selected Health Outcomes in Elderly People – Results from the KORA-Age Study

Introduction Accelerometry is an important method for extending our knowledge about intensity, duration, frequency and patterns of physical activity needed to promote health. This study has used accelerometry to detect associations between intensity levels and related activity patterns with multimorbidity and disability. Moreover, the proportion of people meeting the physical activity recommendations for older people was assessed. Methods Physical activity was measured in 168 subjects (78 males; 65–89 years of age), using triaxial GT3X accelerometers for ten consecutive days. The associations between physical activity parameters and multimorbidity or disability was examined using multiple logistic regression models, which were adjusted for gender, age, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, lung function, nutrition and multimorbidity or disability. Results 35.7% of the participants met the physical activity recommendations of at least 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity per week. Only 11.9% reached these 150 minutes, when only bouts of at least 10 minutes were counted. Differences in moderate to vigorous activity between people with and without multimorbidity or disability were more obvious when shorter bouts instead of only longer bouts were included. Univariate analyses showed an inverse relationship between physical activity and multimorbidity or disability for light and moderate to vigorous physical activity. A higher proportion of long activity bouts spent sedentarily was associated with higher risk for multimorbidity, whereas a high proportion of long bouts in light activity seemed to prevent disability. After adjustment for covariates, there were no significant associations, anymore. Conclusions The accumulated time in moderate to vigorous physical activity seems to have a stronger relationship with health and functioning when shorter activity bouts and not only longer bouts were counted. We could not detect an association of the intensity levels or activity patterns with multimorbidity or disability in elderly people after adjustment for covariates.
Suppression of Nek2A in mouse early embryos confirms its requirement for chromosome segregation

Nek2, a mammalian structural homologue of Aspergillus protein kinase NIMA, is predominantly known as a centrosomal kinase that controls centriole-centriole linkage during the cell cycle. However, its dynamic subcellular localization during mitosis suggested that Nek2 might be involved in diverse cell cycle events in addition to the centrosomal cycle. In order to determine the importance of Nek2 during mammalian development, we investigated the expression and function of Nek2 in mouse early embryos. Our results show that both Nek2A and Nek2B were expressed throughout early embryogenesis. Unlike cultured human cells, however, embryonic Nek2A appeared not to be destroyed upon entry into mitosis, suggesting that the Nek2A protein level is controlled in a unique manner during mouse early embryogenesis. Suppression of Nek2 expression by RNAi resulted in developmental defects at the second mitosis. Many of the blastomeres in Nek2-suppressed embryos showed abnormality in nuclear morphology, including dumbbell-like nuclei, nuclear bridges and micronuclei. These results indicate the importance of Nek2 for proper chromosome segregation in embryonic mitoses.
Möbius transformations revealed

M öbius Transformations Revealed is a short film that illustrates a beautiful correspondence between Möbius transformations and motions of the sphere. The video received an Honorable Mention in the 2007 Science and Engineering Visualization Challenge, cosponsored by the National Science Foundation and Science magazine. It subsequently received extensive coverage from both traditional media outlets and online blogs. Edward Tufte, the world’s leading expert on the visual display of information, came across the video and reported on his blog “Möbius Transformations Revealed is a wonderful video clarifying a deep topic. amazing work. ” But the film has also attracted a far less expert audience. As of this writing, it has been viewed nearly 1.5 million times on the video-sharing website YouTube and is rated as the number three top favorite video of all time in YouTube’s educational category. Over 11,000 viewers have declared it among their favorites, which makes it one of the YouTube top favorites of all time. From the more than 4,000 written comments left by YouTube viewers it is clear that many of them had little mathematical background, and some were quite young. To view Möbius Transformations Revealed, visit the website http://umn.edu/ ̃arnold/moebius/. In this article we discuss some of the technical details behind the video and offer a “behind the
Probing cosmological parameters with the CMB: forecasts from Monte Carlo simulations

The Fisher matrix formalism has in recent times become the standard method for predicting the precision with which various cosmological parameters can be extracted from future data. This approach is fast and generally returns accurate estimates for the parameter errors when the individual parameter likelihoods approximate a Gaussian distribution. However, where Gaussianity is not respected (due, for instance, to strong parameter degeneracies), the Fisher matrix formalism loses its reliability. In this paper, we compare the results of the Fisher matrix approach with those from Monte Carlo simulations. The latter method is based on the publicly available CosmoMC code, but uses synthetic realizations of data sets anticipated for future experiments. We focus on prospective cosmic microwave background (CMB) data from the Planck satellite, with or without CMB lensing information, and its implications for a minimal cosmological scenario with eight parameters and an extended model with eleven parameters. We show that in many cases, the projected sensitivities from the Fisher matrix and the Monte Carlo methods differ significantly, particularly for models with many parameters. Sensitivities to the neutrino mass and the dark matter fraction are especially susceptible to change.
Visualizations with Venn and Euler Diagrams

Venn and Euler diagrams intuitively visualize relationships and relative cardinalities of data sets. They are used extensively in areas as biosciences, business and criminology to facilitate data reasoning and analysis. However, current automatic drawing techniques do not always produce desirable diagrams. My research aims to develop novel algorithms to automatically draw readable diagrams that facilitate data analysis. It includes software, theory, and studies demonstrating how such diagrams aid probabilistic judgment.
Residual stress. Part 1 – Measurement techniques

Abstract Residual stress is that which remains in a body that is stationary and at equilibrium with its surroundings. It can be very detrimental to the performance of a material or the life of a component. Alternatively, beneficial residual stresses can be introduced deliberately. Residual stresses are more difficult to predict than the in-service stresses on which they superimpose. For this reason, it is important to have reliable methods for the measurement of these stresses and to understand the level of information they can provide. In this paper, which is the first part of a two part overview, the effect of residual stresses on fatigue lifetimes and structural integrity are first summarised, followed by the definition and measurement of residual stresses. Different types of stress are characterised according to the characteristic length scale over which they self-equilibrate. By comparing this length to the gauge volume of each technique, the capability of a range of techniques is assessed. In the second part of the overview, the different nature and origins of residual stress for various classes of material are examined.
Diversity and social cohesion: the case of Jane-Finch, a highly diverse lower-income Toronto neighbourhood

Diversity has increasingly emerged as the core focus of many studies concerning factors impacting on social cohesion. Various scholars have concluded that diversity is detrimental to cohesion. Most of this research, however, draws generalisations based upon quantitative data and fails to account for the impact of inequality, segregation and discrimination, and their interconnectedness to diversity. This research provides an in-depth qualitative analysis of the perceptions of inhabitants of a diverse Toronto neighbourhood regarding formal and informal interactions, common values and attachment. The findings suggest that the internalisation of gendered and class-based racism by inhabitants plays a crucial role in shaping perceptions and interactions.
Epidemiology and risk factors of dementia

Dementia refers to a syndrome that is characterised by progressive deterioration of cognitive functions. Neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as apathy, agitation, and depression, are also common. With increasing loss of function, a patient is gradually robbed of his or her independence. Eventually, placement in a nursing home may be necessary. Patients with dementia usually survive 7—10 years after onset of symptoms. Dementia places a tremendous burden not only on caregivers, but also on society, and has already been established as one of the major challenges of this century.1 Epidemiology refers to the medical science that studies frequencies of disease.2 Measures of frequency that are often used in epidemiology are prevalence and incidence. The concept of prevalence refers to the number of patients with a disease at a certain moment in time, whereas measures of incidence reflect the number of new cases over time. Although important for health care planners, the knowledge of frequency of disease in itself is not the goal of epidemiology. Rather, the aim is to gain insight into the mechanisms that cause disease, eventually to be able to cure or prevent disease. Therefore, frequencies are studied in relation to determinants, or risk factors. Although marked as “the epidemic of our century”, still surprisingly little is known about the epidemiology of dementia. In this chapter, a brief overview will be given of the epidemiology and risk factors of dementia. Furthermore, we comment on some specific methodological problems associated with studies in dementia. The syndrome of dementia may be caused by various underlying diseases, each characterised by a specific constellation of signs and symptoms in combination with a presumed underlying substrate of neuropathology (fig 1). Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia. It is a neurodegenerative disorder, generally assumed to be caused by neuritic plaques …
The Quality of Entrepreneurs

What determines the quality of entrepreneurs? To address this question, the paper proposes a simple model of the interaction between individual workers’ decision to become entrepreneurs and established firms’ effort to keep their best workers and ideas. The main prediction from the model is that larger firms produce entrepreneurs of higher quality than smaller firms. I also find that, making firm size endogenous, stronger property rights protection makes the optimal firm size larger. Using novel and unique Norwegian data, I obtain results that are consistent with previous employer size exerting a noticeable influence on entrepreneurial performance. For example, increasing previous employer size from the 25 percent quartile to the 75 percent quartile increases yearly operating returns on assets by 6 percentage points.