Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Roles of NRF2 in Modulating Cellular Iron Homeostasis

Abstract Significance: Iron and oxygen are intimately linked: iron is an essential nutrient utilized as a cofactor in enzymes for oxygen transport, oxidative phosphorylation, and metabolite oxidation. However, excess labile iron facilitates the formation of oxygen-derived free radicals capable of damaging biomolecules. Therefore, biological utilization of iron is a tightly regulated process. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) transcription factor, which can respond to oxidative and electrophilic stress, regulates several genes involved in iron metabolism. Recent Advances: The bulk of NRF2 transcription factor research has focused on its roles in detoxification and cancer prevention. Recent works have identified that several genes involved in heme synthesis, hemoglobin catabolism, iron storage, and iron export are under the control of NRF2. Constitutive NRF2 activation and subsequent deregulation of iron metabolism have been implicated in cancer development: NRF2-mediated upregulation of the iron storage protein ferritin or heme oxygenase 1 can lead to enhanced proliferation and therapy resistance. Of note, NRF2 activation and alterations to iron signaling in cancers may hinder efforts to induce the iron-dependent cell death process known as ferroptosis. Critical Issues: Despite growing recognition of NRF2 as a modulator of iron signaling, exactly how iron metabolism is altered due to NRF2 activation in normal physiology and in pathologic conditions remains imprecise; moreover, the roles of NRF2-mediated iron signaling changes in disease progression are only beginning to be uncovered. Future Directions: Further studies are necessary to connect NRF2 activation with physiological and pathological changes to iron signaling and oxidative stress.
Does Organizational Spirituality Predict Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Employees

Higher education is a key element to specialty training in the modern society through which trained and skilled workforce is provided for employment networks. Development researchers now argue that the main variable from among the variables of physical, technological and human capital is human capital and its technical efficiency [1]. The most important factor in the efficiency of organizations and in the entire community is human resources. The development of any society lies in the improvement and training of its human resources. That is why organizations pay a particular attention to the training of employees with the help of experts in behavioral sciences and human resource management. The entrance of concepts like morality, truth, belief in God, salvation, conscientiousness, magnanimity, trust, kindness, spirituality, generosity, solidarity with colleagues, employee encouragement, peacefulness and altruism to new studies in the field of management and organization is indicative of the emergence of new paradigms [2]. Spirituality in the workplace can be defined as a person’s efforts to find a purpose in life, a sense of belonging and solidarity with colleagues and others in the workplace, and coordination and alignment with the values and goals of the organization [3]. Spirituality causes the individual to achieve a high level of awareness and as a result improve his/her intuitive abilities. Intuition, in its own turn, is a valuable guide and management skill which can increase personal and organizational efficiency. Employees who strongly seek to preserve organizational values are likely to have a higher sense of personal responsibility for the success or failure of an organization. A clear spiritual view provides a strong bond between an organization and its employees by meeting their personal needs. As a result, it enhances employee motivation, teamwork and commitment to organizational goals [4]. Research has shown that emotional intelligence is a common factor that affects the development of people’s lives from different aspects – jobs, social skills, neutralization, emotional control, and relationships with other people. There are also differences between the emotional intelligence of a person with ordinary talent and a talented manager [5]. Emotional intelligence is mainly composed of four components, including: self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation and empathy. All these factors affect Abstract
The Impact of Masker Fringe and Masker Sparial Uncertainty on Sound Localization

Abstract : Signal-in-noise detection improves when the masker duration extends beyond that of the signal (masker fringe) relative to the case in which the signal and masker are pulsed on/off simultaneously. This improvement has been attributed to the fact that the fringe provides a baseline set of stimulus parameters that serves as a context against which a signal may be detected. Conversely, when the fringe parameters are inconsistent with those of the masker, signal detectability may be reduced. In this study, the impact of masker fringe on sound localization is examined. The results demonstrate the importance of stimulus parameters prior to and subsequent to the portion of the stimulus containing the signal for sound localization.
Modulation of thermal pain-related brain activity with virtual reality: evidence from fMRI

This study investigated the neural correlates of virtual reality analgesia. Virtual reality significantly reduced subjective pain ratings (i.e. analgesia). Using fMRI, pain-related brain activity was measured for each participant during conditions of no virtual reality and during virtual reality (order randomized). As predicted, virtual reality significantly reduced pain-related brain activity in all five regions of interest; the anterior cingulate cortex, primary and secondary somatosensory cortex, insula, and thalamus (p<0.002, corrected). Results showed direct modulation of human brain pain responses by virtual reality distraction.
Enhancing photosynthesis in plants: the light reactions

In this review, we highlight recent research and current ideas on how to improve the efficiency of the light reactions of photosynthesis in crops. We note that the efficiency of photosynthesis is a balance between how much energy is used for growth and the energy wasted or spent protecting the photosynthetic machinery from photodamage. There are reasons to be optimistic about enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, but many appealing ideas are still on the drawing board. It is envisioned that the crops of the future will be extensively genetically modified to tailor them to specific natural or artificial environmental conditions.
Do matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors improve the bond durability of universal dental adhesives?

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) inhibitors on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and the adhesive-dentin interface of two universal dentin bonding agents, Single Bond Universal and All Bond Universal, after 12 months of water storage. Seventy extracted, caries-free, human third molars were used in this study. Of these, 50 were used for μTBS testing and 20 were used for scanning electron microscopy. The two bonding agents were applied to flat dentin surfaces in five different ways: self-etch mode, etch-and-rinse mode with 37% phosphoric acid, etch-and-rinse mode with phosphoric acid containing 1% benzalkonium chloride, etch-and-rinse mode with phosphoric acid and 2% chlorhexidine, and etch-and-rinse mode with 0.5 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (n = 5 for each bonding agent in each group; N = 50). Half the specimens were subjected to μTBS tests at 24 h, while half were subjected to the tests after 12 months of water storage. For each bonding agent, inhibition, storage, and their interaction effects were tested by two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni tests. For Single Bond Universal, the benzalkonium chloride (p = 0.024) and chlorhexidine groups (p = 0.033) exhibited significantly higher μTBS values at 24 h compared with the self-etch group. For All Bond Universal, all groups displayed similar bond strengths at 24 h (p > 0.05). After 12 months of water storage, the μTBS values decreased significantly in the benzalkonium chloride group for Single Bond Universal (p = 0.001) and the self-etch (p = 0.029), chlorhexidine (p = 0.046), and EDTA (p = 0.032) groups for All Bond Universal. These results suggest that the immediate dentin bond strength increases when universal bonding systems are applied in the etch-and-rinse mode, although the durability decreases. The use of chlorhexidine and EDTA can increase the bond durability of mild adhesives such as Single Bond Universal. SCANNING 38:535-544, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of BSRN radiation records for the computation of monthly means

Abstract. The integrity of the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) radiation monthly averages are assessed by investigating the impact on monthly means due to the frequency of data gaps caused by missing or discarded high time resolution data. The monthly statistics, especially means, are considered to be important and useful values for climate research, model performance evaluations and for assessing the quality of satellite (time- and space-averaged) data products. The study investigates the spread in different algorithms that have been applied for the computation of monthly means from 1-min values. The paper reveals that the computation of monthly means from 1-min observations distinctly depends on the method utilized to account for the missing data. The intra-method difference generally increases with an increasing fraction of missing data. We found that a substantial fraction of the radiation fluxes observed at BSRN sites is either missing or flagged as questionable. The percentage of missing data is 4.4%, 13.0%, and 6.5% for global radiation, direct shortwave radiation, and downwelling longwave radiation, respectively. Most flagged data in the shortwave are due to nighttime instrumental noise and can reasonably be set to zero after correcting for thermal offsets in the daytime data. The study demonstrates that the handling of flagged data clearly impacts on monthly mean estimates obtained with different methods. We showed that the spread of monthly shortwave fluxes is generally clearly higher than for downwelling longwave radiation. Overall, BSRN observations provide sufficient accuracy and completeness for reliable estimates of monthly mean values. However, the value of future data could be further increased by reducing the frequency of data gaps and the number of outliers. It is shown that two independent methods for accounting for the diurnal and seasonal variations in the missing data permit consistent monthly means to within less than 1 W m−2 in most cases. The authors suggest using a standardized method for the computation of monthly means which addresses diurnal variations in the missing data in order to avoid a mismatch of future published monthly mean radiation fluxes from BSRN. The application of robust statistics would probably lead to less biased results for data records with frequent gaps and/or flagged data and outliers. The currently applied empirical methods should, therefore, be completed by the development of robust methods.
Young Registered Nurses' Intention to Leave the Profession and Professional Turnover in Early Career: A Qualitative Case Study

In a time of global nursing shortages an alarming number of young registered nurses have expressed a willingness to leave the profession. In this qualitative case study we investigate in depth why young nurses leave nursing profession and reeducate themselves for a new career. The study is based on longitudinal interviews of three young registered nurses in Finland. These nurses were first interviewed between December 2006 and May 2007, when they were 29–32 years old and having an intention to leave the profession. The second interview took place four years later, from January 2011 to March 2011 when all of them had made the transition to a new career. Data were analyzed in two stages. In the first stage, comprehensive career story narratives were formed on the basis of the interviews. In the second stage, emerging themes in these stories were compared, contrasted, and interpreted in the context of the overall career histories. Nursing as a second career choice and demanding work content as well as poor practice environment and the inability to identify with the stereotypical images of nurses were main themes that emerged from these career stories. The results of this interpretative qualitative study reflect a shift toward insights into understanding professional turnover as a complex and long-lasting process.
Balloon-borne limb measurements of the diurnal variation of UV/vis absorbing radicals – a case study on NO2 and O3

Balloon-borne limb measurements of the diurnal variation of UV/vis absorbing radicals – a case study on NO2 and O3 L. Kritten, A. Butz, M. Dorf, T. Deutschmann, S. Kühl, C. Prados-Roman, J. Puķı̄te, A. Rozanov, R. Schofield, and K. Pfeilsticker Institute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany SRON – Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany Institute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Potsdam, Germany Received: 12 January 2010 – Accepted: 27 January 2010 – Published: 10 February 2010 Correspondence to: L. Kritten (lkritten@iup.uni-heidelberg.de) Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.
Adaptation to Real Motion Reveals Direction-selective Interactions between Real and Implied Motion Processing

Viewing static pictures of running humans evokes neural activity in the dorsal motion-sensitive cortex. To establish whether this response arises from direction-selective neurons that are also involved in real motion processing, we measured the visually evoked potential to implied motion following adaptation to static or moving random dot patterns. The implied motion response was defined as the difference between evoked potentials to pictures with and without implied motion. Interaction between real and implied motion was found as a modulation of this difference response by the preceding motion adaptation. The amplitude of the implied motion response was significantly reduced after adaptation to motion in the same direction as the implied motion, compared to motion in the opposite direction. At 280 msec after stimulus onset, the average difference in amplitude reduction between opposite and same adapted direction was 0.5 V on an average implied motion amplitude of 2.0 V. These results indicate that the response to implied motion arises from direction-selective motion-sensitive neurons. This is consistent with interactions between real and implied motion processing at a neuronal level.
An in Vitro Evaluation of Apical Dye Penetration of Four Root Canal Sealers Using in Endodontic Treatment

The final objective of root canal therapy is to provide complete obturation of root canal system to maintain the integrity of the attachment apparatus. The material that routinely used as root canal filling material consist Gutta- percha core with combination of sealer. Different kinds of sealers are available in the market and widely used in root canal treatment. Among this the commonly used sealers are; the material with ZOE based, with resin based, with calcium hydroxide based and glass ionomer based sealers. The purpose of this an invitro study is to evaluate the sealing ability of four root canal sealers consist of ZOE and tubliseal as zinc oxide Eugene based cement, AH26 as a resin based cement and CRCS (calciobiotic root canal sealer) as a calcium hydroxide based cement. Since in Iranian Dental Schools, pure zinc oxide powder with eugenol is commonly used as sealer, a comparative study was done to evaluate the sealing ability of this cement. In this study, seventy single rooted human teeth were selected. After cleaning and shaping, the specimens were randomly divided into six groups. (4 experimental groups and 2 negative and positive groups). In experimental groups the canal were obturated with lateral condersation technique using different sealers. After obturation, the samples were cleared using Robertson method and the deepest linear apical dye penetration were evaluated by three independent evaluators. The data were analyzed by using one way analysis of variance test. The result was shown that the difference between experimental groups was not statistically significant. Whereas, the AH26 group was shown the least apical microleakage and the CRCS group were shown the most apical leakage. The result of this study was compared to the results demonstrated by others. The differences may be related to the methods of evaluation. Key words: Apical microleakage- Root canal sealers Endodontic treatment
Effect of CO 2 enrichment on bacterial production and respiration and on bacterial carbon metabolism in Arctic waters

Effect of CO2 enrichment on bacterial production and respiration and on bacterial carbon metabolism in Arctic waters C. Motegi, T. Tanaka, J. Piontek, C. P. D. Brussaard, J. P. Gattuso, and M. G. Weinbauer Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, 06230, Villefranche-sur-Mer Cedex, France Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, CNRS, UMR7093, 06230, Villefranche-sur-Mer Cedex, France Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR), Germany Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Dept. of Biological Oceanography, BP 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands
Morphological Changes in Articular Cartilage Due to Static Compression: Polarized Light Microscopy Study

We studied the deformation of the extracellular matrices in articular cartilage using a new compression-preservation method in histology. A Hoffman clamp was used to compress the tissue, which remained throughout the paraffin procedure and was removed from the embedded tissue block just before microtoming. Then 14 cartilage-bone blocks from 2 canine humeri were compressed for various strain levels from 5% to 65%. The histological sections were studied using a polarized light microscope, which generated a pair of two-dimensional maps of the fibril orientation (angle) and fibril organization (retardance) for each section. Results were 3-fold. One there was little change in the angle and retardance profiles of the tissue for strain levels 0–15% and a significant change in these profiles for strain levels 15% and above. Two for higher compression, more fibrils became aligned parallel to the articular surface; and three at ∼30% strain, a second “transitional zone” was formed in the deep part of the tissue. We concluded that this novel compression procedure can be used effectively to study the altered architecture of the collagen matrix in compressed cartilage. YX and GL would like to dedicate this paper to a co-author of this study and our long-time collaborator in cartilage research, Nancy Burton-Wurster (1941–2006).
Clinical Performance of Moldable Bioceramics and Resorbable Membrane for Bone and Mucosa Regeneration in Maxillofacial Surgery

The objectives are to present the novel concept of moldable injectable osteogenic CaP bioceramic, and the data issued from a non-interventional study to demonstrate the efficacy of an injectable bone substitute (bioceramic/hydrogel) in association with a collagen resorbable membrane and the performance to guide bone regeneration and soft tissue healing in maxillofacial surgery. Historically, dental implantology required both bone augmentation and reconstruction. However, with the aging of the population, it is also necessary to prevent the bone loss after dental extraction. To overcome the limitations associated with autografts, several bone substitutes have been developed. However, there are still numerous difficulties in the handling, reproducibility of the resorption, and bone regeneration associated with the biomaterials. Therefore, it is important to optimize new bone substitute technologies. Bioactive injectable bioceramics, particularly putties, are often used in these applications. In this preclinical and clinical study, we demonstrate the efficacy and the performance of a combined use of calcium phosphate microporous granules and hydrosoluble polymers for maxillofacial bone reconstruction and regeneration. The biomaterial was extruded into bone defects and recovered by aresorbable porcine collagen membrane, after tooth extractions in 78 patients. The clinical follow-up revealed no incidents or complications. Furthermore, infections or foreign body reactions were not reported during the 17 months of follow-up. We analyzed the drilling waste taken from 11 patients during the dental implantation sequence (at 5-10 months). Resorption and bone ingrowth were assessed using microtomography, scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy, and image analysis. We found that the highly kinetic process of resorption/absorption and bone in growth was achieved within a few months. The bone ingrowth was architectured and well vascularized.
Highly Concentrated Preterm Formula as an Alternative to Powdered Human Milk Fortifier: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess clinical feasibility and tolerance of concentrated preterm formula at 30 kcal/oz (CPF30) to fortify human milk to a caloric density of 24 kcal/oz, compared to conventional powdered human milk fortifier (PHMF). Study Design: Very low birth weight neonates were stratified by birth weight and randomized to receive human milk fortification using CPF30 or PHMF. Infants were monitored from first introduction of human milk fortification, until fortified feeds were well tolerated. Primary outcome was weight gain; secondary outcomes included other measures of feeding intolerance (residual gastric aspirates, feeds held, prokinetic therapy), sepsis, and death. The clinical and study personnel were blinded to the intervention. Results: No significant differences in weight gain or other measures of feeding tolerance were demonstrated between CPF30 and PHMF. Macronutrient intake was similar between both groups. Infants with a birth weight of ≥ 1000 g who received CPF30, experienced fewer days NPO (nil per os; nothing per mouth) and a trend toward lower incidence of NEC, compared with those who received PHMF. The amount of human milk consumed was significantly lower in the CPF30 group. Conclusions: Both fortifiers were similarly well tolerated. Fortification of human milk with CPF30 is a safe and feasible alternative to conventional PHMF.
Maturation characteristics and life-history strategies of the Pacific lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus

Lampreys (Petromyzontiformes) have persisted over millennia and now suffer a recent decline in abundance. Complex life histories may have factored in their persistence; anthropogenic perturbations in their demise. The complexity of life histories of lampreys is not understood, particularly for the anadromous Pacific lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus Gairdner, 1836. Our goals were to describe the maturation timing and associated characteristics of adult Pacific lamprey, and to test the null hypothesis that different life histories do not exist. Females exhibited early vitellogenesis – early maturation stages; males exhibited spermatogonia – spermatozoa. Cluster analyses revealed an “immature” group and a “maturing–mature” group for each sex. We found statistically significant differences between these groups in the relationships between (i) body mass and total length in males; (ii) Fulton’s condition factor and liver lipids in males; (iii) the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and liver lipids in females; (iv) GSI .