Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The performative journalist

Television news operations are increasingly turning to freelance workers for newsroom staffing. This article traces the economic and industry conditions that led to the rise of a non-staff workforce. It proposes that US freelancers operate under a different paradigm from European or other freelancers, and analyzes results from a survey of news workers (freelance and staff) conducted in summer 2007. The survey uses intrinsic and extrinsic factors to measure overall job satisfaction. While there is little overall difference between either group of workers, freelancers do report greater satisfaction in certain areas, especially those relating to worker autonomy and freedom. The article argues that these results demonstrate how freelancers use adaptive strategies to react to temporary or per diem labor patterns in American news. By complicating the assumptions about freelancing, this article offers a more realistic perspective about the desires of the workers and the jobs which they perform.
Relearning in the Elderly: Age‐Related Effects on the Size of Savings

This article reports on a study on learning new and relearning forgotten words of French as a foreign language in young (mean age 22.4), middle-aged (mean age 50.3), and elderly speakers (mean age 76.0). The three age groups performed similarly on relearning old words, but the younger learners were significantly better at learning new words. Data from a questionnaire on contact with French and a working-memory test showed that neither diminished language contact nor age-related decline in working memory can be seen as single factors explaining differences between learning and relearning. The decline in older adults’ ability to learn new lexical information is discussed in terms of theories explaining age-related memory deficits and conceived of as an age-related deficiency to form associations between unrelated concepts.
Ambiguity of Outcome and Causal Attributions

Previous research in the attributional analysis of individuals involved in athletic settings has typically used objective outcome as the primary determinant of causal attributions. Recent theorizing has suggested that objective outcome may not be the most adequate way of defining success and failure. Rather, success and failure may be more aptly described in terms of an individual's subjective perception of the implications of outcome for desirable personal qualities, especially ability. A field study was conducted to assess the effects of perceived outcome on the causal attributions of racquetball players. Prior to participating in a competitive two-person racquetball game, individuals indicated their expectancy of success against their opponent. Following the game, individuals rated their performance satisfaction, own competency, their opponent's competency, as well as rating the extent to which the outcome was due to internal or external factors. The results showed that the clearly perceived outcomes w.
Gender, culture, and mathematics performance

Using contemporary data from the U.S. and other nations, we address 3 questions: Do gender differences in mathematics performance exist in the general population? Do gender differences exist among the mathematically talented? Do females exist who possess profound mathematical talent? In regard to the first question, contemporary data indicate that girls in the U.S. have reached parity with boys in mathematics performance, a pattern that is found in some other nations as well. Focusing on the second question, studies find more males than females scoring above the 95th or 99th percentile, but this gender gap has significantly narrowed over time in the U.S. and is not found among some ethnic groups and in some nations. Furthermore, data from several studies indicate that greater male variability with respect to mathematics is not ubiquitous. Rather, its presence correlates with several measures of gender inequality. Thus, it is largely an artifact of changeable sociocultural factors, not immutable, innate biological differences between the sexes. Responding to the third question, we document the existence of females who possess profound mathematical talent. Finally, we review mounting evidence that both the magnitude of mean math gender differences and the frequency of identification of gifted and profoundly gifted females significantly correlate with sociocultural factors, including measures of gender equality across nations.
On the MultiView Fitting and Construction of Dense Deformable Face Models

Active Appearance Models (AAMs) are generative, parametric models that have been successfully used in the past to model deformable objects such as human faces. Fitting an AAM to an image consists of minimizing the error between the input image and the closest model instance; i.e. solving a nonlinear optimization problem. In this thesis we study three important topics related to deformable face models such as AAMs: (1) multi-view 3D face model fitting, (2) multi-view 3D face model construction, and (3) automatic dense deformable face model construction. The original AAMs formulation was 2D, but they have recently been extended to include a 3D shape model. A variety of single-view algorithms exist for fitting and constructing 3D AAMs but one area that has not been studied is multi-view algorithms. In the first part of this thesis we describe an algorithm for fitting a single AAM to multiple images, captured simultaneously by cameras with arbitrary locations, rotations, and response functions. This algorithm uses the scaled orthographic imaging model used by previous authors, and in the process of fitting computes, or calibrates, the scaled orthographic camera matrices. We also describe an extension of this algorithm to calibrate weak perspective (or full perspective) camera models for each of the cameras. In essence, we use the human face as a (nonrigid) calibration grid. We demonstrate that the performance of this algorithm is roughly comparable to a standard algorithm using a calibration grid. We then show how camera calibration improves the performance of AAM fitting. A variety of non-rigid structure-from-motion algorithms, both single-view and multiview, have been proposed that can be used to construct the corresponding 3D non-rigid shape models of a 2D AAM. In the second part of this thesis we show that constructing a 3D face model using non-rigid structure-from-motion suffers from the Bas-Relief ambiguity and may result in a “scaled” (stretched/compressed) model. We outline a robust non-rigid
The Effects of Attitudes on Teenage Premarital Pregnancy and Its Resolution.

Drawing on problem behavior theory and complementary models of behavior, I examine the influence of attitudes and related personality variables on the probability of teenage premaritalpregnancy and, when a pregnancy occurs, whether it is resolved by abortion, having an out-of-wedlock birth, or marrying before the birth. A sample of non-Hispanic white adolescents is drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and analyzed using the nested logit method. The estimates show that self-esteem, locus of control, attitudes toward women's family roles, attitudes toward school, educational aspirations, and religiosity are associated with premarital pregnancy and its resolution in directions predicted by theory. The effects of self-esteem, attitudes toward school, attitudes toward women's family roles, and educational expectations are substantively important. Attitudes and related personality variables are important paths through which family background characteristics influence adolescent sexual and marriage behavior.
Natural experience acquired in adulthood enhances holistic processing of other-age faces

Adults have been shown to perform better when recognizing adult faces in comparison to their performance when recognizing faces of different ages, resulting in an other-age effect (OAE) that resembles the well-known other-race effect (ORE). Both the OAE and ORE have been proposed to be experience dependent. In the current study, we used the composite-face paradigm with adult- and child-face stimuli to test holistic processing abilities of two groups of participants, a group of child novices and a group of preschool teachers. Our results demonstrate that novices do engage in holistic processing with both child and adult faces. However, the data also show that, for child faces, teachers used holistic processing to a greater extent than do novices. Moreover, teachers also engaged in holistic processing to a greater extent with child faces than with adult faces. These data suggest that experience likely plays a critical role in tuning holistic processing strategies towards specific types of faces.
An Open-Label, Randomized Study of the Impact on Insulin Sensitivity, Lipid Profile and Vascular Inflammation by Treatment with Lopinavir/Ritonavir or Raltegravir in HIV-Negative Male Volunteers

Background We aimed to measure the effect of raltegravir (RAL) on insulin sensitivity and surrogates of cardiovascular risk in healthy HIV-seronegative volunteers compared to that of lopinavir/r (LPV/r), a positive control. Methods An open-label, two phase crossover study in HIV-negative male subjects randomized 1:1 to receive either 2 weeks of LPV/r followed by a 2-week washout period and 2 weeks of RAL, or RAL initially followed by LPV/r. A hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp was performed prior to and following each 2-week dosing phase. Fasting samples for lipids, adiponectin, leptin, vascular inflammatory biomarkers and CD36 were also taken. Results A total of 16 subjects completed the study. At the baseline visit the mean insulin-stimulated glucose disposal per unit insulin (M/I) was 7.97 and 8.30 for LPV/r and RAL, respectively. The mean (sem) percentage change from baseline was -16.10% (3.84) after 2 weeks of LPV/r and -0.43% (4.83) after 2 weeks of RAL. Absolute M/I was 25% lower for LPV/r than for RAL (P=0.001). Triglycerides and total cholesterol rose significantly with LPV/r (+0.5 mmol/l, P=0.002 and +0.4 mmol/l, P<0.0001), but were unchanged with RAL. Proathrogenic lipid subfractions of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol increased with LPV/r and were unaffected with RAL. LDL peak and mean particle diameter and LDL I significantly decreased with LPV/r (P<0.05), and trend of increased LDL III was detected. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein declined with RAL (-0.2 mg/l, P=0.043) but was elevated after LPV/r (+0.25 mg/l, P=0.03). Conclusions RAL was not associated with measurable change in glycaemic, metabolic or inflammatory effects.
The Mass Comm Type

A study of news media and strategic communication majors (n = 273) revealed differences in regard to personality indices and impetuses for selecting to pursue degrees. Showing overall agreement in the importance of openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, strategic communication students were significantly higher in their ratings of agreeableness. News media students were significantly higher in their ratings of openness. In addition, news media students stated a significantly higher rating of the importance of altruistic purposes. Strategic communication students placed higher emphasis on financial gain. Implications for pedagogy and the profession are discussed.
Integrating Metacognition into a Developmental Reading and Writing Course to Promote Skill Transfer: An Examination of Student Perceptions and Experiences

Abstract This qualitative research study was aimed at examining the experiences and perceptions of students at a four-year college in New York City who were enrolled in an integrated reading and writing course designed to help students connect the literacy skills learned in the course to other contexts. Focusing on three students enrolled in the course, the study sought to get an in-depth understanding of the experiences and perceptions of students as they took the course. The findings suggest that pedagogical methods stressing a metacognitive strategy approach to college reading, writing, and learning might help students to experience the course as being connected to navigating the literacy demands of various academic, professional, and personal contexts.
The Comparative Analysis of Mathematical Achievement, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Concept Based on the Perceived Classroom Climate Among Male and Female Students

Background: Mathematics is one of the essential and effective subjects that dominate students’ educational performance and occupational future. Objectives: The current study aimed to comparatively analyze the mathematical achievement, self-efficacy, and self-concept based on the perceived classroom climate among the male and female students. Patients and Methods: The study included 400 students (222 males and 178 females) as respondents from the third grade high school selected by cluster sampling technique considering educational regions, high schools, classrooms, and students. The participants answered the questions derived from three questionnaires, the so called WIHIC, mathematical self-efficacy, and mathematical self-concept description. Results: The results of route analysis indicated that mathematical self-efficacy rate was 8% and 7% among male and female students, respectively. The variance of mathematical self-concept based on the expressed perceived classroom climate was higher in female than male students (32% versus 26%). However, based on the internal variables in this model, the mathematics score was found to be higher among male than in female pupils (27% versus 13%). Conclusions: The findings of the route analysis showed that these differences are adjustable by variables such as mathematical selfefficacy.
Almost quadratic gap between partition complexity and query/communication complexity

We show nearly quadratic separations between two pairs of complexity measures: 1. We show that there is a Boolean function $f$ with $D(f)=\Omega((D^{sc}(f))^{2-o(1)})$ where $D(f)$ is the deterministic query complexity of $f$ and $D^{sc}$ is the subcube partition complexity of $f$; 2. As a consequence, we obtain that there is a communication task $f(x, y)$ such that $D^{cc}(f)=\Omega(\log^{2-o(1)}\chi(f))$ where $D^{cc}(f)$ is the deterministic 2-party communication complexity of $f$ (in the standard 2-party model of communication) and $\chi(f)$ is the partition number of $f$. Both of those separations are nearly optimal: it is well known that $D(f)=O((D^{sc}(f))^{2})$ and $D^{cc}(f)=O(\log^2\chi(f))$.
Requirements for Eomesodermin and Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger in the Development of Innate-Like CD8+ T Cells

Conventional and nonconventional T cell development occur in the thymus. Nonconventional thymocytes that bear characteristics typically associated with innate immune cells are termed innate-like lymphocytes (ILLs). Mice harboring a tyrosine to phenylalanine mutation in the adaptor protein Src homology 2 domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kDa at residue 145 (Y145F mice) develop an expanded population of CD8+CD122+CD44+ ILLs, typified by expression of the T-box transcription factor eomesodermin. Y145F mice also have an expanded population of γδ T cells that produce copious amounts of IL-4 via a mechanism that is dependent on the BTB-ZF transcription factor promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger. Using mice with T cell-specific deletion of Eomes, we demonstrate that this transcription factor is required for CD8+ ILL development in Y145F as well as wild-type mice. Moreover, we show that promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger and IL-4 are also required for the generation of this ILL population. Taken together, these data shed light on the cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors that drive CD8+ ILL differentiation.
Airway accidents in critical care unit: A 3-year retrospective study in a Public Teaching Hospital of Eastern India

Background: Although tracheal tubes are essential devices to control and protect airway in a critical care unit (CCU), they are not free from complications. Aims: To document the incidence and nature of airway accidents in the CCU of a government teaching hospital in Eastern India. Methods: Retrospective analysis of all airway accidents in a 5-bedded (medical and surgical) CCU. The number, types, timing, and severity of airway accidents were analyzed. Results: The total accident rate was 19 in 233 intubated and/or tracheostomized patients over 1657 tube days (TDs) during 3 years. Fourteen occurred in 232 endotracheally intubated patients over 1075 endotracheal tube (ETT) days, and five occurred in 44 tracheostomized patients over 580 tracheostomy TDs. Fifteen accidents were due to blocked tubes. Rest four were unplanned extubations (UEs), all being accidental extubations. All blockages occurred during night shifts and all UEs during day shifts. Five accidents were mild, the rest moderate. No major accident led to cardiorespiratory arrest or death. All blockages occurred after 7th day of intubation. The outcome of accidents were more favorable in tracheostomy group compared to ETT group (P = 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of airway accidents was 8.2 accidents per 100 patients. Blockages were the most common accidents followed by UEs. Ten out of the 15 blockages and all 4 UEs were in endotracheally intubated patients. Tracheostomized patients had 5 blockages and no UEs.
Testing an Ecological Account of Spaciousness in Real and Virtual Environments

Cognitions about one’s physical environment have a clear psychological impact on inhabitants. However, judgments of a setting’s spaciousness have been shown to be based not solely on the dimensions of the enclosure but also on a number of seemingly incidental environmental properties. Nevertheless, a theoretical integration and explanation of these various effects has been lacking. Across five experiments conducted in the laboratory and in virtual reality, we test an affordance-based account, which proposes that impressions of spaciousness are influenced by the wealth of behavioral opportunities offered by the environment. These experiments test how the functional arrangement of furniture (Experiments 1 and 2) and the priming of particular behaviors (Experiments 3a, 3b, and 3c) affect perceivers’ spatial impressions of the environment. These findings emphasize that cognitions about spaciousness are determined not by a passive calculation of area but are instead tied to its ability to facilitate physical activity.
"Education will get you to the station": MARGINALIZED STUDENTS' EXPERIENCES AND PERCEPTIONS OF MERIT IN ACCESSING UNIVERSITY

This article explores how four minority students in a university access program reconciled their presence on merit. They shared their experiences over two years through their application statements, life history interviews, weekly group sessions, and personal journal entries. Consistent with the discourse of merit, participants believed that by exercising agency and taking responsibility for their schooling, education will work to their benefit. They reconceptualized the access program as a scholarship program and affirmed pride in being university students, with a sense of obligation to their immigrant parents and a desire to give back to their communities. Key words : immigrant youth, access programs, racism, parental expectations Les auteurs analysent comment quatre etudiants faisant partie de groupes minoritaires et participant a un programme d’acces a l’universite reconcilient leur presence au merite. Ces etudiants partagent leurs experiences par divers moyens : textes rediges lors de leurs demandes d’admission, entrevues portant sur leur histoire de vie, sessions hebdomadaires en groupe et journaux intimes. Dans le droit fil du discours sur le merite, les participants croient que s’ils prennent leur education en main, elle leur sera profitable. Ils reconceptualisent le programme d’acces comme un programme de bourse; se disant fiers d’aller a l’universite, ils se sentent redevables a l’egard de leurs parents immigrants et souhaitent faire profiter leurs communautes de leur acquis. Mots cles: jeunes immigrants, programmes d’acces, racisme, attentes des parents
Novel Multiple Relay Selection Schemes in Two-Hop Cognitive Relay Networks

This paper studies multiple relay selection schemes in two-hop cognitive relay networks to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the secondary receiver. We first formulate the relay selection as a nonlinear integral programming, and then propose two suboptimal methods, greedy scheme and hybrid scheme. Based on the sorted efficiency function, the greedy scheme selects the secondary relay nodes provided that the sum of the interference power does not exceed the interference power constraint (IPC) of the primary users. The hybrid scheme is proposed to overcome the performance degradation of the greedy scheme whose efficiency function is not the optimal ordering function. Numerical results indicate that the greedy scheme can sometimes, but not always, achieve the near-optimal SNR performance. The hybrid scheme always outperforms the greedy scheme and any best single scheme. Moreover, both the greedy scheme and hybrid scheme are of low complexity compared to the exhaustive scheme.
Prediction of the risk of male sexual reoffending in Australia

Abstract This paper reports the findings of a retrospective study designed, primarily, to investigate the predictive accuracy of the Rapid Risk Assessment for Sexual Offence Recidivism (RRASOR); the Static 99 and two models developed in Western Australia, namely the Violent Offender Treatment Program Risk Assessment Scale (VOTPRAS) and the 3-Predictor model on a Western Australian sample of violent and nonviolent sexual offenders. A secondary aim was to establish whether the instruments are equally valid for Indigenous and non-Indigenous, and violent and nonviolent sexual offenders. The data of 538 convicted sexual offenders, who were assessed by the Sex Offender Treatment Program of the Western Australian Department of Justice from 1987 to 2002, were used. The predictor variables were the total scores obtained for each instrument and the outcome variable a conviction in a court for a further sexual offence and, in the case of the VOTPRAS, also a further violent offence. In general the predictive accuracy.
Chronic fatigue syndrome, coping, optimism and social support

Background : Prior studies indicate that problem-focused coping, a realistic optimistic explanatory style, and appropriate social support appear to be related to positive health outcomes and greater well-being. Aims : It was hypothesized that coping styles, optimism, amount of social support and quality of social support would significantly differ among those with chronic fatigue syndrome, idiopathic chronic fatigue, chronic fatigue resulting from a medical condition, and a control group. Results : Participants in the idiopathic chronic fatigue group had the lowest optimism scores and satisfaction with their social supports. Those in the medically explained condition used significantly more venting and focusing on symptoms than those within the control condition. The chronic fatigue syndrome group had higher levels of optimism and satisfaction with social supports than the other two chronically fatigued groups, and behavioral disengagement was related to worse mental composite scores, while maintaining activities and optimism was related to more positive mental composite scores. Conclusion : Psychological factors, such as coping styles, optimism, and perceived social support are correlated with important mental and physical health outcomes of functionality.