Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Student Attitude towards Entrepreneurship: A South African and Dutch Comparison

Unemployment among the youth is a significant problem in South Africa. Large corporations and the public sector simply cannot create enough jobs. Too many youths in South Africa currently do not consider entrepreneurship as an option in order to become independent. Unlike the youth of the Netherlands, South African youth prefer to find employment in the public or private sector. The Netherlands has a much lower unemployment rate than South Africa and the Dutch are generally very entrepreneurial. From early on, entrepreneurship is considered a desirable career option in the Netherlands. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in the perceptions of some Dutch and South African students in terms of unemployment and entrepreneurship. Questionnaires were distributed to students at the North West University's Vaal Triangle campus in Vanderbijlpark in Gauteng, South Africa and the Technical University of Delft in the Netherlands. A descriptive statistical analysis approach was followed and the means for the independent questions were calculated. The results demonstrate that the Dutch students are not as concerned about unemployment after completion of their studies as this is not as significant a problem as it is in South Africa. Both groups had positive responses towards the posed questions, but the South African group felt more strongly about the issues. Both groups of students felt that there was a need for more practical entrepreneurship training. The South African education system should focus on practical entrepreneurship training from a young age. Keywords—Entrepreneurship development, entrepreneurship development programmes, entrepreneurship intention, Netherlands, South Africa, unemployment.
The ecgFEAT toolbox for automated cardiovascular feature extraction and analysis

The presented work approaches the topic of method development for automated feature extraction and ECG analysis. The MATLAB-based toolbox ecgFEAT (ECG Feature Extraction and Analysis Toolbox) includes a comprehensive set of algorithms to extract temporal, morphological and statistical information for time analysis and heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. The implemented feature extraction concept provides optimized results that are embedded within a graphical interface for the representation of the performed analysis. An evaluation of the implemented algorithms was carried out using 20 subject-data from an experimental setup and could demonstrate the toolbox functionality. The ecgFEAT toolbox delivers important information for the study of the cardiac physiology and covers considerable potential for automated identification of cardiovascular reactivity to stress and emotional states.
A HUMAN-CENTERED METHODOLOGY FOR THE DESIGN, EVALUATION, AND INTEGRATION OF COCKPIT DISPLAYS

Researchers at NASA Ames Research Center have developed a suite of displays for lowvisibility taxi operations for commercial aircraft. The Taxiway Navigation and Situation Awareness (T-NASA) system is comprised of a head-up display and head-down electronic moving map that collectively provide navigation and traffic surveillance information to the pilots. A three-stage process was defined and followed that included a human-centered design process, a human-factors evaluation approach, and a procedural integration analysis. It is expected that this human-centered process will help ensure the success of the T-NASA system. Further, this process may be modified and adapted for use with other enhanced vision / synthetic vision (EVSV) systems.
Cannabinoid Receptor 2-63 QQ Variant Is Associated with Persistently Normal Aminotransferase Serum Levels in Chronic Hepatitis C

Background and Aim To evaluate in anti-HCV-positive patients the clinical impact of the rs35761398 variant of the CNR2 gene leading to the substitution of Gln (Q) of codon 63 of the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) with Arg (R). Patients and Methods 253 consecutive anti-HCV-/HCV-RNA-positive patients were enrolled, of whom 53 were HCV carriers with persistently normal ALT (PNALT group) and 200 had a history of steadily abnormal serum ALT values (abnormal ALT group). All patients were naive for antiviral therapy and were screened for the CNR2 rs35761398 polymorphism by a TaqMan assay. Results Subjects in the PNALT group, compared with those in the abnormal ALT group were older (58.5±12 vs. 50.7±12.4 years, p = 0.001), more frequently female (66% vs. 42%, p = 0.003), with lower body massindex (BMI) (24.5±3.1 vs. 26.6±4.6, p = 0.003), and more frequently with HCV genotype 2 (43.1% vs 17.7%, p = 0.0002) and CB2-63 QQ variant (34% vs. 11%, p = 0.0001). Considering all 253 patients, no difference in the demographic, biochemical, or virological data was observed between patients in the different CB2-63 variants. The logistic regression analysis identified CB2-63 QQ, HCV genotype 2, older age and lower BMI as independent predictors of PNALT (p<0.00001). Discussion The CB2-63 QQ variant in HCV patients was independently associated with the PNALT status.
Financial Doping in the English Premier League

Abstract Whilst the relationship between money and success in elite sport is acknowledged, the exact nature, extent and implications of this relationship is one that has not been carefully examined. In this paper, we have three main aims. Firstly, to provide empirical evidence of the extent that money buys success in the English Premier League. Secondly, to evaluate this evidence from a sports ethics perspective, and finally, to discuss potential solutions to the problem. We argue that the evident performance advantage teams gain through financial investments is contrary to the spirit of sport as it undermines athletic excellence and the ‘sweet tension of uncertainty of outcome’ that is central to good competition. Consequently, financial investments in elite football ought to be regulated and controlled. We argue, however, that current attempts to do so (via Financial Fair Play Regulations) are inadequate as they focus on issues concerning financial health, rather than the health of the game in terms of spirit and fairness.
Demo: A recommendation based driver assistance system to mitigate vehicular traffic shock waves

In this demo, we describe and present a new Cooperative Advanced Driver Assistance System (CADAS). The system is composed of a Raspberry Pi, a GPS receiver and a WiFi enabled Android Smartphone. The purpose of the system is to alleviate traffic perturbations by suggesting the driver to adjust its speed. To do so, the system communicates with nearby vehicles to estimate the local traffic situation and computes an optimal speed, which will be communicated to the driver as an audio signal to avoid distraction. In a first part, we will briefly review a large-scale experiment that has recently been performed at a test track in the north of Luxembourg to test the efficiency of the system. Next, we will provide details on the demonstration setup and describe our approach.
OPTIMAL BINNING OF THE PRIMORDIAL POWER SPECTRUM

The primordial power spectrum describes the initial perturbations in the universe, which eventually grew into the large-scale structure we observe today, and thereby provides an indirect probe of inflation or other structure-formation mechanisms. In this paper, we will investigate the best scales the primordial power spectrum can be probed with in accordance with the knowledge about other cosmological parameters such as Ωb, Ωc, ΩΛ, h, and τ. The aim is to find the most informative way of measuring the primordial power spectrum at different length scales, using different types of surveys and the information they provide for the desired cosmological parameters. We will find the optimal binning of the primordial power spectrum for this purpose by making use of the Fisher matrix formalism. To investigate the correlations between the cosmological parameters, mentioned above, and a set of primordial power spectrum bins, we make use of principal component analysis and the Hermitian square root of the Fisher matrix. The surveys used in this project are Planck and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (Bright Red Galaxy), but the formalism can easily be extended to any windowed measurements of the perturbation spectrum.
Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication PrinciplesEvaluation of GP Model for Software Reliability

There has been a number of software reliability growth models (SRGMs) proposed in literature. Due to several reasons, such as violation of modelspsila assumptions and complexity of models, the practitioners face difficulties in knowing which models to apply in practice. This paper presents a comparative evaluation of traditional models and use of genetic programming (GP) for modeling software reliability growth based on weekly fault count data of three different industrial projects. The motivation of using a GP approach is its ability to evolve a model based entirely on prior data without the need of making underlying assumptions. The results show the strengths of using GP for predicting fault count.
Electrocardiographic effects of class 1 selective histone deacetylase inhibitor romidepsin

Romidepsin is a histone deacetylase inhibitor approved by the FDA for the treatment of patients with cutaneous or peripheral T‐cell lymphoma who have received prior systemic therapy. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the potential QTc effects of romidepsin. Patients with advanced malignancy received 4‐h infusions of 14 mg/m2 romidepsin on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28‐day cycle. In cycle 2, a subset of patients received 1‐h infusions of 8–12 mg/m2 romidepsin. Patients were administered antiemetics before each romidepsin dose and electrolyte supplementation as needed. Electrocardiogram readings were performed prior to antiemetic administration, prior to romidepsin administration, and at specified time points over the subsequent 24 h. Romidepsin exposure and heart rate were also assessed. In the electrocardiogram‐evaluable population, 26 patients received romidepsin at 14 mg/m2 over 4 h. The maximum mean increases from the preantiemetic baseline for QTcF and heart rate were 10.1 msec (upper 90% CI, 14.5 msec) and 18.2 beats per minute, respectively. No patient in this study had an absolute QTcF value >450 msec and only one patient had an increase from the preantiemetic baseline of >60 msec. There was a mild reduction in the PR interval and no meaningful changes in the QRS interval. Despite the use of QT‐prolonging antiemetics, treatment with romidepsin did not markedly prolong the QTc interval through 24 h. Increases in calculated QTc may have been exaggerated as a consequence of transient increases in heart rate.
Diethyl phthalate enhances expression of SIRT 1 , DNMT 3 a and DNMT 3 b during apoptosis in PC 12 Cells

Diethyl phthalate works as a phthalate plasticizer and is ubiquitously used in personal care products, cosmetics, medical equipment and pha rmaceutical coating. Diethyl phthalate is considered a potential endocrine disruptor. P eviously we found diethyl phthalate enhanced apoptosis induced by serum deprivation in PC12 cells. However, the relationship between diethyl phthalate and longevity related fac tors, sirtuins, and epigenetic factors (e.g., DNA methyltransferases) remains unclear, because genome modification caused by chemical toxicity, sirtuins and epigenetic factors have played key roles on abnormal metabolism and development. Here, we investigate whether diethyl phthalate aff ct sirtuins (SIRT1 and SIRT2) and methyltranferases (DNMT1 and DNMT3a) on the apoptosis of PC12 cells. We found that DNMT3a was significantly decreased by serum depriva tion. However, DNMT3a, DNMT3b and SIRT1were significantly increased under the enhancement of apoptosis induced by serum deprivati on. These results uggest that SIRT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b play multiple and complex roles in different apopt otic stages. Our results showed diethyl phthalate triggered epigenet ic factors on PC12 cells apoptosis under nutrition stress. Finally, our results suggest that monitoring epigenetic factors such as DNMT3a, DNMT3b and SIRT1 could be a useful tool for chemical toxi city risk assessment.
ffects of a triazole fungicide and a pyrethroid insecticide on the decomposition f leaves in the presence or absence of macroinvertebrate shredders

Previously, laboratory experiments have revealed that freely diluted azole fungicides potentiate the direct toxic effect of pyrethroid insecticides on Daphnia magna. More ecologically relevant exposure scenarios where pesticides are adsorbed have not been addressed. In this study we exposed beech leaves (Fagus sylvatica) to the azole fungicide propiconazole (50 or 500 g L−1), the pyrethroid insecticide alphacypermethrin (0.1 or 1 g L−1) or any combination of the two for 3 h. Exposed leaves were transferred to aquaria with or without an assemblage of macroinvertebrate shredders, and we studied treatment effects on rates of microbial leaf decomposition, microbial biomass (using C:N ratio as a surrogate measure) and macroinvertebrate shredding activity during 26 days post-exposure. Microbial leaf decomposition rates were significantly reduced in the propiconazole treatments, and the reduction in microbial activity was significantly correlated with loss of microbial biomass (increased C:N ratio). Macroinvertebrate shredding activity was significantly reduced in the alpha-cypermethrin treatments. In addition, the macroinvertebrate assemblage responded to the propiconazole treatments by increasing their consumption of leaf litter with lower microbial biomass, probably to compensate for the reduced nutritional quality of this leaf litter. We found no interaction between the two pesticides on macroinvertebrate shredding activity, using Independent Action as a reference model. In terms of microbial leaf decomposition rates, however, alpha-cypermethrin acted as an antagonist on propiconazole. Based on these results we emphasise the importance of considering indirect effects of pesticides in the risk assessment of surface water ecosystems.
Bayesian Models of Cognition Revisited: Setting Optimality Aside and Letting Data Drive Psychological Theory

Recent debates in the psychological literature have raised questions about the assumptions that underpin Bayesian models of cognition and what inferences they license about human cognition. In this paper we revisit this topic, arguing that there are 2 qualitatively different ways in which a Bayesian model could be constructed. The most common approach uses a Bayesian model as a normative standard upon which to license a claim about optimality. In the alternative approach, a descriptive Bayesian model need not correspond to any claim that the underlying cognition is optimal or rational, and is used solely as a tool for instantiating a substantive psychological theory. We present 3 case studies in which these 2 perspectives lead to different computational models and license different conclusions about human cognition. We demonstrate how the descriptive Bayesian approach can be used to answer different sorts of questions than the optimal approach, especially when combined with principled tools for model evaluation and model selection. More generally we argue for the importance of making a clear distinction between the 2 perspectives. Considerable confusion results when descriptive models and optimal models are conflated, and if Bayesians are to avoid contributing to this confusion it is important to avoid making normative claims when none are intended.
Psychiatry's role in the holocaust.

German psychiatrists proposed the extermination of mental patients before Hitler came to power. Then in Nazi Germany, organized psychiatry implemented involuntary eugenical sterilization and euthanasia, ultimately killing up to 100000 German mental patients. The six psychiatric euthanasia centers utilized medical professionals, fake death certificates, gas chambers disguised as showers, and the mass burning of corpses.Psychiatrists from the euthanasia program also participated in the first formalized murders in the concentration camps. Inmates were "diagnosed" on euthanasia forms and sent to the psychiatric euthanasia centers. These facilities later provided the training, personnel and technology for the larger extermination camps.Medical observers from the United States and Germany at the Nuremberg trials concluded that the holocaust might not have taken place without psychiatry. This paper summarizes psychiatric participation in events leading to the holocaust, and analyzes the underlying psychiatric principles that anticipated, encouraged, and paved the way for the Nazi extermination program.
Emotional intelligence as a contributing factor of pupil performance in pupils with learning difficulties

The present study aimed at investigating the impact of Emotional Intelligence on pupil performance. Existing literature, even if it is limited, has revealed that such a relationship exists under particular circumstances. It was therefore interesting to look at this relationship under the prism of learning difficulties. The current study expands current literature in that it examines the relationship of emotional intelligence and pupil performance taking into consideration the influence of specific learning difficulties. Studies up to this point have not shed light on this triangulating relationship. A case study methodology is utilized whereby a small sample of 13 primary school pupils (ages 9-10 years old) with learning difficulties is selected within a private school in Piraeus, Greece. Three research tools were employed to assess the impact of Emotional Intelligence on pupil’s school performance: observation protocols, questionnaires and interviews. Data collection produced a range of qualitative data in the form of texts that were analyzed via the NVivo software program. The findings revealed that Emotional Intelligence can impact on pupil performance in pupils with learning difficulties, as pupils with higher level of Emotional Intelligence managed to have better learning results. More specifically emotionally intelligent pupils were open to success and failure, had a growing intrinsic motivation for participation, complied with classroom rules, managed more effectively school stress and had higher levels of self-esteem. The study has implications for the development of primary school curricula that take Emotional Intelligence into account when designing subject materials. The findings of this study may also assist stakeholders in the education sector in developing a better understanding of the impact of Emotional Intelligence on the performance of primary school pupils. By so doing, pupil performance could be improved, even in populations with learning difficulties.
Modulation of the perforant path-evoked potential in dentate gyrus as a function of intrahippocampal β-adrenoceptor agonist concentration in urethane-anesthetized rat

β‐adrenoceptor activation in the hippocampus is sufficient to induce heterosynaptic long‐term potentiation of perforant path input to the dentate gyrus. However, in vitro and in vivo studies suggest the plasticity effects of β‐adrenoceptor activation may vary depending on the level of receptor activation.
Web technology for education and training

The Internet has enabled a great amount of information to be readily available and easily accessible. It has promoted several changes in the world, including in the education area. Nowadays, there is a great amount of educational and training systems, which provide different functionality according to specific administrative, pedagogical and technological approaches. Authoring tools, content repositories, evaluation and assessment, curriculum design and collaborative tools are some pieces of this educational "puzzle". This paper describes a generic architecture for educational and training systems from the software development point of view. Then this architecture is discussed according to Web technology, enabling a better understanding of the involved technological aspects of educational and training systems.
Estimationof Very-Low-DensityLipoproteinCholesterolfrom Data on TriglycerideConcentrationin Plasma

We examined the relationship in a large free-living population between the concentration of triglycerides in plasma from fasting persons and the concentration of very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) as determined after preparative ultracentrifugation. Data from individuals in the Framingham Heart Study who were free of coronary heart disease, did not have Fredrickson Type I, Ill, or V hyperlipoproteinemia, and whose plasma-triglyceride values were <4000 mg/L were considered in the analyses. A total of 4100 Framingham Offspring, ages 20-49 years, met these criteria, as did 2284 participants in the original Framingham Cohort, ages 50-79 years. We estimated a linear regression model with an intercept and slope coefficient, using VLDL-C (units, mg/L) as the dependent variable and triglycerides as the dependent variable. The intercept was approximately 30.0 mg/L, and the slope coefficient for triglycerides was about 0.20 when all age and sex groups were combined. However, when the analysis was performed by age group, the slope coefficient for triglycerides increased with each age group only for women. The model, in which a different intercept and slope is used for each age and sex group, was statistically better than a previously developed simpler model. On the other hand, the older model, in which VLDL-C is easily estimated by multiplying the triglyceride value by 0.20, is reasonably accurate and is very simple to use. The generalizability of the model is discussed in the light of results from other population studies.
Trends in HIV prevalence, new HIV diagnoses, and mortality among adults with HIV who entered care in Ontario, 1996/1997 to 2009/2010: a population-based study

Background: Population-based estimates of HIV prevalence, rates of new HIV diagnoses, and mortality rates among persons with HIV who have entered care are needed to optimize health service delivery and to improve the health outcomes of these individuals. However, these data have been lacking for Ontario. Methods: Using a validated case-finding algorithm and linked administrative health care databases, we conducted a population-based study to determine the prevalence of HIV and rates of new HIV diagnoses among adults aged 18 years or older in Ontario between fiscal year 1996/1997 and fiscal year 2009/2010, as well as all-cause mortality rates among persons with HIV over the same period. Results: Between 1996/1997 and 2009/2010, the number of adults living with HIV increased by 98.6% (from 7608 to 15 107), and the age- and sex-standardized prevalence of HIV increased by 52.8% (from 92.8 to 141.8 per 100 000 population; p < 0.001). Women and individuals 50 years of age or older accounted for increasing proportions of persons with HIV, rising from 12.8% to 19.7% (p < 0.001) and from 10.4% to 29.9% (p < 0.001), respectively, over the study period. During the study period, age- and sex-standardized rates of new HIV diagnoses decreased by 32.5% (from 12.3 to 8.3 per 100 000 population; p < 0.001) and mortality rates among adults with HIV decreased by 71.9% (from 5.7 to 1.6 per 100 adults with HIV; p < 0.001). Interpretation: The prevalence of HIV infection in Ontario increased considerably between 1996/1997 and 2009/2010, with a greater relative burden falling on women and individuals aged 50 years of age or older. These trends may be due to the decreased rate of new diagnoses among younger men. All-cause mortality rates declined among persons with HIV who entered care.