Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Broadband Light Curve Characteristics of GRBs 980425 and 060218 and Comparison with Long-Lag, Wide-Pulse GRBs

It has been recently argued that low-luminosity gamma-ray bursts (LL-GRBs) are likely a unique GRB population. Here, we present systematic analysis of the light-curve characteristics from X-ray to gamma-ray energy bands for the two prototypical LL-GRBs, 980425 and 060218. It is found that both the pulse width (w) and the ratio of the rising width to the decaying width (r/d) of theses two bursts are energy-dependent over a broad energy band. There exists a significant trend that the pulses tend to be narrower and more symmetrical at higher energy bands for the two events. Both the X-rays and the gamma-rays follow the same w-E and r/d-E relations. These facts may indicate that the X-ray emission tracks the gamma-ray emission, and both are likely to originate from the same physical mechanism. Their light curves show significant spectral lags. We calculate the three types of lags with the pulse peaking time (tpeak), the pulse centroid time (tcen), and the cross-correlation function (CCF). The derived tpeak and tcen are power-law functions of energy. The lag calculated by CCF is strongly correlated with that derived from tpeak. However, the lag derived from tcen correlates less with that derived from tpeak and CCF. The energy dependence of the lags is shallower at higher energy bands. These characteristics are consistent with that observed in typical long-lag, wide-pulse GRBs, suggesting that GRBs 980425 and 060218 may share a similar radiation physics with them.
A Pilot Study to Evaluate Effectiveness of Botulinum Toxin in Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia in Males

Introduction: Androgenetic alopecia is a common form of alopecia with multifactorial etiology. Finasteride and minoxidil are approved by the FDA for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Balding scalp is believed to have relative microvascular insufficiency. Blood vessels in the scalp travel through the intramuscular plane. Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin relaxes muscles and thereby increases blood flow in balding scalp. We conducted a pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin in androgenetic alopecia management. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary care center. A total of 10 male patients with androgenetic alopecia meeting inclusion criteria of the study were included. In the scalp, 30 sites were injected with 5 U of botulinum toxin in each site. Preprocedure photograph taken and evaluation was done, which was repeated after 24 weeks. Efficacy was assessed by photography and self-assessment scoring was done by patients. Results: Of 10 patients, 8 had good to excellent response on photographic assessment. At the end of 24 weeks, 1 patient showed poor and 1 showed fair response to treatment. As per self-assessment, 7of 10 patients showed good to excellent response. Two patients had fair response and 1 patient showed poor response to treatment. Conclusion: Botulinum toxin was found to be safe and effective therapy for the management of androgenetic alopecia in this pilot study. Studies with larger sample size and randomized controlled trials are required to establish the role of botulinum toxin in the management of androgenetic alopecia.
Mysterious Case of Female Protectionism: Gender Bias in Attitudes Toward International Trade

We examine new survey data on attitudes toward international trade showing that women are significantly less likely than men to support increasing trade with foreign nations. This gender gap remains large even when controlling for a broad range of socio-economic characteristics among survey respondents, including occupational, skill, and industry-of-employment differences that feature in standard political-economy models of individuals’ trade policy preferences. Measures of the particular labor-market risks and costs associated with maternity do not appear to be related at all to the gender gap in trade preferences. We also do not find any strong evidence that gender differences in non-material values or along ideological dimensions have any affect on attitudes toward trade. The data do clearly reveal that the gender gap exists only among college-educated respondents and is larger among older cohorts. We argue that differences in educational experience – specifically, exposure to economic ideas at the college level – appear to be most plausible explanation for gender differences in attitudes toward trade. The findings suggest the possibilities of a renewed theoretical and empirical focus on the political roles played by ideas, not just among policymakers but also among the broader electorate. In practical terms, there are also implications for trade policy outcomes in different contexts and for how debates over globalization contribute to broader gender divisions in politics.
Numerical modelling of 3-D hard turning using Arbitrary Eulerian Lagrangian finite element method

A cathode active material admixture comprising a metal, a metal oxide, a mixed metal oxide or a metal sulfide and fluorinated carbon, is described. A preferred admixture comprises copper-silver-vanadium oxide and CFx. Such a blended cathode active admixture is useful in a nonaqueous electrochemical cell discharged for extended periods under a light load interrupted by high rate pulse discharges, such as occurs in an implantable medical device.
Internalized Heterosexism and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Shame Proneness Among Trauma-Exposed Sexual Minority Women

Sexual minority women are more likely to experience negative mental health outcomes, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), than heterosexual women. Meyer’s (2003) minority-stress theory posits that this elevated risk of psychopathology results from stressors specific to the experience of holding a minority identity, and Hatzenbuehler (2009) suggested that these effects may be mediated by general psychological risk factors. Internalized heterosexism is conceptually and empirically linked to shame proneness, and both are associated with PTSD symptoms. Applying Meyer’s and Hatzenbuehler’s theories, in this study, we investigated the indirect effect of internalized heterosexism on PTSD symptomatology through shame proneness among 326 trauma-exposed sexual minority women recruited online. Analyses indicated that internalized heterosexism significantly and positively predicted PTSD symptomatology. In addition, internalized heterosexism had an indirect effect on PTSD symptoms through increased shame-related withdrawal tendencies, but not through shame-related negative self-evaluations. Clinical and policy considerations, including the need for systemic interventions focused on decreasing negative messages about sexual minority identities, as well as individual interventions targeting withdrawal behaviors in the treatment of PTSD among sexual minority women, are discussed.
Holographic Superconductors

It has been shown that a gravitational dual to a superconductor can be obtained by coupling anti-de Sitter gravity to a Maxwell field and charged scalar. We review our earlier analysis of this theory and extend it in two directions. First, we consider all values for the charge of the scalar field. Away from the large charge limit, backreaction on the spacetime metric is important. While the qualitative behaviour of the dual superconductor is found to be similar for all charges, in the limit of arbitrarily small charge a new type of black hole instability is found. We go on to add a perpendicular magnetic field B and obtain the London equation and magnetic penetration depth. We show that these holographic superconductors are Type II, i.e., starting in a normal phase at large B and low temperatures, they develop superconducting droplets as B is reduced.
‘Everyone wants a community’: a qualitative investigation of the challenges and service needs among college students in recovery

Abstract Background: Problem drinking and illicit drug use is prevalent among college students, which can pose challenges for students in recovery from substance use disorders (SUDs). Collegiate recovery programs (CRPs) are emerging across the U.S. in order to provide support services for these students. Yet the population of college students in recovery still remains understudied. The objectives of this research were to explore (1) perceived service needs, and (2) opinions about the logistics of a CRP among a sample of college students in recovery. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 students who self-identified as being in recovery from SUDs. Interviews were transcribed and coded using content analysis. Results: The sample of students was slightly older than traditional college students (M= 25 years). Due to age and lifestyle differences, such as sobriety, these students often felt isolated and unable to relate to the wider student body. Students also felt limited in their options for recovery support services and they expressed the desire for a formalized on-campus community, such as a CRP. Most stressed that a CRP should have flexibility in program acceptance and maintenance in order to serve all students in need. Conclusions: The results suggest the need to for college campuses, both in the US and abroad, to conduct assessments of the perceived need for recovery support services among students. While substance abuse services may be available, students may not feel they are adequate to support their unique needs as both as a student and in recovery from SUDs.
Contrasted Outcomes to Gefitinib on Tumoral IGF1R Expression in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Receiving Postoperative Chemoradiation (GORTEC Trial 2004-02)

Purpose: Intermediate/high-risk operated patients with head and neck cancer may benefit from the addition of EGF receptor (EGFR) inhibitor gefitinib to chemoradiation. This study was designed to assess improved outcomes and identify predictive biomarkers. Experimental Design: Patients provided informed consent for tumor biomarker analyses and, when eligible, were further enrolled in the therapeutic CARISSA multicenter randomized phase II trial of postoperative irradiation with cisplatin + gefitinib (GORTEC 2004-02-NCT00169221). Results: Seventy-nine patients were included in the biomarker study, whereas 27 did not meet prerequisites for randomization between gefitinib and placebo. Two-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 65.0% and did not differ between randomized patients treated with gefitinib or placebo (P = 0.85). The similarity of DFS curves between nonrandomized patients (n = 27), randomized patients without gefitinib (n = 27), and randomized patients receiving gefitinib (n = 25), and similar histoclinical parameter distributions for all groups, allowed us to conduct statistical analyses on the entire population. On multivariate analysis, elevated expression of PAK1 by Western blotting, CD31 and membranous insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) both by immunohistochemistry was significantly associated with shorter DFS. There was a significant interaction between IGF1R and gefitinib. Gefitinib abolished the prognostic discriminative power of high IGF1R expression; patients with elevated IGF1R expression benefited from gefitinib whereas those with low IGF1R fared worse. Conclusion: Gefitinib treatment affords no significant clinical benefit on DFS in an unselected population of patients with head and neck cancer. Our results point to the potential advantage of personalizing treatment for gefitinib based on tumoral IGF1R expression. This should foster confirmatory analyses in trials involving EGFR-targeting agents. Clin Cancer Res; 18(18); 5123–33. ©2012 AACR.
Contributions of tracking, literacy skills, and attitudes to science achievement of students with varied English proficiency

ABSTRACT This study examined contributions of academic ability tracking, disciplinary attitudes (science anxiety and self-efficacy), and discipline-specific literacy skills (science and academic vocabulary knowledge) to students’ science achievement in a sample of 104 Grade 8 students (78% current or former English learners [ELs]) enrolled in high- versus low-track (50/50) classrooms at a Pacific Northwest urban junior high school. The final regression model explained 46% of the variance in students’ science reading comprehension scores; 11% of the variance in reading scores was uniquely explained by science vocabulary knowledge, above and beyond anxiety, self-efficacy, and tracking. Similarly, the final regression model explained 41% of the variance in students’ end-of-the unit science test scores; 20% of the variance was uniquely attributed to science vocabulary knowledge above and beyond anxiety, self-efficacy, academic vocabulary knowledge, science reading comprehension, and tracking. From a practical perspective, the results suggest that students need more explicit science vocabulary instruction to perform better on reading and achievement tasks, regardless of their track designation. From a policy perspective, current ELs’ underrepresentation in higher-track classes calls into question the equity of instruction provided to students. Recommendations to increase ELs’ access to academic content are discussed.
The Effectiveness of Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy on Sexual Self-Esteem and Sexual Function in Women with Multiple Sclerosis

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotionally focused couple therapy on sexual self-esteem and sexual function in women with multiple sclerosis in the city of Tehran. Materials and Methods: This was a quasi experimental study with pretest-posttest, a month follow-up and control group. The statistical population included women with multiple sclerosis in the city of Tehran. 30 patients with the age range of 20-50 years old were chosen as samples and randomly were divided in 2 groups of individuals as control and emotionally focused therapy. The experimental groups practiced the emotionally focused therapy for a month, 9 step and 60 minutes in each session. Then, posttest was performed for them. For data collecting, the sexual self-esteem and sexual function questionnaires were used. Data analysis was done by using multivariate analysis of covariance by SPSS 23 software at a significant level less than 0.05. Results: Statistical data analysis illustrated that the amounts of sexual self-esteem of life after emotionally focused couple therapy intervention were significantly increased in experimental than control group (p<0.05). Also, of emotionally focused therapy was significant increase on sexual function of women with multiple sclerosis (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, emotionally focused couple therapy has affected on sexual self-esteem and sexual function in women with multiple sclerosis Thus, emotionally focused couple therapy can be a good approach to improve the sexual problems in women with multiple sclerosis.
Online Talk Effect on Small Stocks

This study evidences online talk is not just noise but provides information relate to stock return, volatility and volume. We extend previous online message board studies by using a new data source—Thelion.com—a chat-room-like message board. Our research sample is defined as the most discussed stocks among posters on trading days. We also demarcate our sample into with-news and without-news groups based on Ravenpack news database. First, we find that online investors prefer talking small cap, low institution holdings and thin floating shares stocks. Second, online traders' sentiment, not messages posting, associates with higher intraday stock return but oppositely predicts next day return when no news arrived. Third, as not reported in previous studies, online traders' absolute sentiment well explain intraday and subsequent day's volatility and volume.
Compiler and hardware support for reducing the synchronization of speculative threads

Thread-level speculation (TLS) allows us to automatically parallelize general-purpose programs by supporting parallel execution of threads that might not actually be independent. In this article, we focus on one important limitation of program performance under TLS, which stalls as a result of synchronizing and forwarding scalar values between speculative threads that would otherwise cause frequent data dependences and, hence, failed speculation. Using SPECint benchmarks that have been automatically transformed by our compiler to exploit TLS, we present, evaluate in detail, and compare both compiler and hardware techniques for improving the communication of scalar values. We find that through our dataflow algorithms for three increasingly aggressive instruction scheduling techniques, the compiler can drastically reduce the critical forwarding path introduced by the synchronization and forwarding of scalar values. We also show that hardware techniques for reducing synchronization can be complementary to compiler scheduling, but that the additional performance benefits are minimal and are generally not worth the cost.
A multi-dimensional radio resource scheduling scheme for MIMO-OFDM wireless systems

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technologies provide additional dimensions of freedom with spectral and spatial resources for radio resource management. Multi-dimensional radio resource management has recently been identified to exploit the full dimensions of freedom for more flexible and efficient utilization of scarce radio spectrum while provide diverse quality of service (QoS) guarantees. In this work, a multi-dimensional radio resource scheduling scheme is proposed to achieve above goals in hybrid orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and space division multiple access (SDMA) systems. Cochannel interference (CCI) introduced by frequency reuse under SDMA is eliminated by frequency division and time division between highly interfered users. This scheme maximizes system throughput subjected to the minimum data rate guarantee for heterogeneous users and transmit power constraint. By numerical examples, system throughput and fairness superiority of the our scheduling scheme are verified.
A Reconsideration of the Link between the Energetics of Water and of ATP Hydrolysis Energy in the Power Strokes of Molecular Motors in Protein Structures

Mechanical energy from oxygen metabolism by mammalian tissues has been studied since 1837. The production of heat by mechanical work was studied by Fick in about 1860. Prior to Fick’s work, energetics were revised by Joule’s experiments which founded the First Law of Thermodynamics. Fenn in 1923/24 found that frog muscle contractions generated extra heat proportional to the amount of work done in shortening the muscle. This was fully consistent with the Joule, Helmholtz concept used for the First Law of Thermodynamics. The link between the energetics of water and ATP hydrolysis in molecular motors is recommended for reconsideration.
Evaluating visualizations: using a taxonomic guide

Although visualizations are components of many information interfaces, testing of these visual elements is rarely undertaken except as a part of overall usability testing. For this reason, it is unclear what role, if any, visualizations actually perform. Our method involves the creation of simple visual prototypes and task sets based on a visual taxonomy which allows testing of the visualization in isolation from the rest of the system. By defining tests using a visual taxonomy rather than customary tasks from the application domain, our method circumvents the problems of restricting evaluation of newer more capable systems to only those tasks which might be accomplished with older, less capable ones. This paper will discuss methods for exhaustively testing the capabilities of a visualization by mapping from a domain-independent taxonomy of visual tasks to a specific domain, i.e. information retrieval. Experimental results are presented illustrating this approach to determining the role visualizations may play in supporting users in information-seeking environments. Our methods could easily be extended to other domains including data visualization.
The impact of stratospheric ozone recovery on tropopause height trends.

The evolution of the tropopause in the past, present, and future climate is examined by analyzing a set of long-term integrations with stratosphere-resolving chemistry climate models (CCMs). These CCMs have high vertical resolution near the tropopause, a model top located in the mesosphere or above, and, most important, fully interactive stratospheric chemistry. Using such CCM integrations, it is found that the tropopause pressure (height) will continue to decrease (increase) in the future, but with a trend weaker than that in the recent past. The reduction in the future tropopause trend is shown to be directly associated with stratospheric ozone recovery. A significant ozone recovery occurs in the Southern Hemisphere lower stratosphere of the CCMs, and this leads to a relative warming there that reduces the tropopause trend in the twenty-first century. The future tropopause trends predicted by the CCMs are considerably smaller than those predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) models, especially in the southern high latitudes. This difference persists even when the CCMs are compared with the subset of the AR4 model integrations for which stratospheric ozone recovery was prescribed. These results suggest that a realistic representation of the stratospheric processes might be important for a reliable estimate of tropopause trends. The implications of these finding for the Southern Hemisphere climate change are also discussed.
Immunization with Recombinant Prion Protein Leads to Partial Protection in a Murine Model of TSEs through a Novel Mechanism

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are neurodegenerative diseases, which despite fervent research remain incurable. Immunization approaches have shown great potential at providing protection, however tolerance effects hamper active immunization protocols. In this study we evaluated the antigenic potential of various forms of recombinant murine prion protein and estimated their protective efficacy in a mouse model of prion diseases. One of the forms tested provided a significant elongation of survival interval. The elongation was mediated via an acute depletion of mature follicular dendritic cells, which are associated with propagation of the prion infectious agent in the periphery and in part to the development of humoral immunity against prion protein. This unprecedented result could offer new strategies for protection against transmissible encephalopathies as well as other diseases associated with follicular dendritic cells.