Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Children of Immigrants and Educational Expectations: The Roles of School Composition

Background/Context Many children of immigrants are not enrolled in high schools that sufficiently meet their needs, and subsequently, many are not making a successful transition to, and/or successfully completing, higher education. As immigration grows in the United States, educators and policy makers must understand how the educational processes for children of immigrants differ from nonimmigrants. Because expectations for higher education are a necessary, though insufficient, step toward college attendance and degree attainment, and because students have these attitudes influenced by the schools they attend, I examine high school composition for its effects on educational expectations and how compositional effects differ between children of immigrants and nonimmigrants. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study This study intends to be another step on the path toward understanding the educational processes of children of immigrants specifically, and of all students more broadly, as the immigrant population grows in U.S. schools. Toward those ends, this study is based on two overarching research questions: (1) How do the immigrant compositions of U.S. secondary schools affect the educational expectations of all students? (2) How do the compositions of U.S. secondary schools affect the educational expectations of children of immigrants differently than nonimmigrant students? Research Design The research questions are addressed via secondary data analysis using data from the Educational Longitudinal Study (ELS:2002/2004), which were collected by the National Center for Education Statistics. I explore school composition effects on a binary dependent variable indicating whether a 12th-grade student expects to complete a graduate or professional degree. This study emphasizes a critical-quantitative approach by demonstrating that common theories and assumptions about educational expectations may be inaccurate for children of immigrants in today's schools. Conclusions/Recommendations Results show that children of immigrants are affected differently by school composition than are nonimmigrants, and in ways that contradict commonly accepted theoretical views. Specifically, this analysis demonstrates that comparative and normative theories of school effects are not accurate for children of immigrants, at least not to the same degree as they are for nonimmigrants. This is a reminder to researchers and practitioners alike that subgroups of students, in this case the children of immigrants, may not be affected by schools in similar ways.
On the Verification of the Gravity Model Used for Mobility Modeling

Gravity model used to model transport flow has proven invaluable in urban planning. Some recent work has proposed to use gravity model to predict user movements in cellular networks, however, there is generally a lack of practical evidence to justify the use of gravity model for such application. In this paper, we briefly summarize the theory of mobility gravity model which is derived based on the maximization of entropy. A simple algorithm which can be used to fit a set of observed trips as close to gravity model as possible is presented. We apply the algorithm to the census data collected in year 2000 from the train stations in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Statistical test is finally performed to validate the suitability in using gravity model to predict user movements for this set of data. Finally, how the model can be used to predict user behavioral change when there is a change in design parameters is discussed.
Who should teach gifted students?

In this chapter, an overview of the discussion concerning research on the qualities of a good teacher in general and the best teacher for the gifted students in particular were reviewed. The qualities of a good teacher in the light of current research on effective teaching were presented. The main ideas of teacher thinking research were introduced with an emphasis on teachers' pedagogical thinking. The qualities of a good online teacher in the light of current research on virtual teaching were reviewed. In addition to the desirable competencies and qualities of the teacher, the teacher attitudes toward gifted students were discussed. Empirical research on teacher attitudes were presented with cross-cultural differences among teachers from different countries. Some practical recommendations were made for teacher educators on how to educate teachers for gifted learners. Furthermore, some suggestions for future research were presented.
Randomized clinical trial of 3 types of physical exercise for patients with Parkinson disease.

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of treadmill exercises and stretching and resistance exercises in improving gait speed, strength, and fitness for patients with Parkinson disease. DESIGN A comparative, prospective, randomized, single-blinded clinical trial of 3 types of physical exercise. SETTING The Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center at the University of Maryland and the Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center. PATIENTS A total of 67 patients with Parkinson disease who had gait impairment were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 arms of the trial. INTERVENTIONS; (1) A higher-intensity treadmill exercise (30 minutes at 70%-80% of heart rate reserve), (2) a lower-intensity treadmill exercise (50 minutes at 40%-50% of heart rate reserve), and (3) stretching and resistance exercises (2 sets of 10 repetitions on each leg on 3 resistance machines [leg press, leg extension, and curl]). These exercises were performed 3 times a week for 3 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measures were gait speed (6-minute walk), cardiovascular fitness (peak oxygen consumption per unit time [$$ VO2], and muscle strength (1-repetition maximum strength). RESULTS All 3 types of physical exercise improved distance on the 6-minute walk: lower-intensity treadmill exercise (12% increase; P=.001), stretching and resistance exercises (9% increase; P<.02), and higher-intensity treadmill exercise (6% increase; P=.07), with no between-group differences. Both treadmill exercises improved peak $$ VO2 (7%-8% increase; P<.05) more than did the stretching and resistance exercises. Only stretching and resistance improved muscle strength (16% increase; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS The effects of exercise were seen across all 3 exercise groups. The lower-intensity treadmill exercise resulted in the greatest improvement in gait speed. Both the higher- and lower-intensity treadmill exercises improved cardiovascular fitness. Only the stretching and resistance exercises improved muscle strength. Therefore, exercise can improve gait speed, muscle strength, and fitness for patients with Parkinson disease. The combination of treadmill and resistance exercises may result in greater benefit and requires further investigation.
Management of acne vulgaris: an evidence‐based update

This review summarizes clinically important findings from 3 systematic reviews, 1 updated guideline and a selection from the 62 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between February 2007 and January 2009 on the topic of acne vulgaris. Low glycaemic‐load diets might reduce acne severity but this remains unproven. Written patient information leaflets have not been surpassed by other communication methods. New combination topical treatments have not shown convincing advantages over current combination products such as clindamycin/benzoyl peroxide. Topical dapsone is superior to placebo but has yet to be compared with standard topical treatments. Long‐term topical tretinoin to prevent nonmelanoma skin cancer in elderly men was associated with higher all‐cause mortality, but there is currently no evidence of increased mortality for topical retinoid use when treating acne. All oral tetracyclines have similar efficacy, yet minocycline is the most costly. Oral isotretinoin monotherapy remains the gold‐standard treatment for severe acne. Flutamide plus the oral contraceptive pill is beneficial for acne associated with polycystic ovary syndrome. Photodynamic therapy, phototherapy and laser therapy cannot be recommended universally for acne until minimal postinflammatory pigmentation and longer‐term benefit can be shown, especially with current high costs. Development of non‐antibiotic therapies is preferable to minimize the risk of community antibiotic resistance. Future trials should use active comparators at optimum doses and avoid noninferiority comparisons unless appropriately powered. Trials need to shift from using multiple, unvalidated outcome measures to including patient‐reported and quality‐of‐life outcomes, and all trials should be registered on a public clinical‐trials database.
TYPE-A BEHAVIOR AND CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY

A consecutive series of newly-diagnosed patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) was compared to two independent control groups chosen from the same patient population for the presence of a Type A behavioral pattern based on the Jenkins Activity Survey. The patients selected as matched controls had painless, reduced central vision and other chorioretinal diseases (Group I), or non-chorioretinal ocular conditions (Group II). The Type A behavior was significantly more frequent in study patients than in either Control Group I(X2 =6.1 and P<0.025) or Control Group II patients (X2=17.7 and P<0.001). When both control groups were combined for comparison to the CSP patients, there was also a highly significant difference with regard to Type A behavior (X2=14.1 and P<0.001). A comparison of Control Group I with Control Group II revealed no significant difference in Type A behavior. Subfactor analysis of the Type A behavior pattern was also studied. The results of this clinical study were used in conjunction with experimental evidence linking catecholamines with CSP in developing a multifactorial etiologic hypothesis. The hypothesis suggests that the eyes as an organ system, and the macula as an ultimate target area, can be intermittently or continuously stimulated adversely by Type A behavior and its physiological consequences, most notably a sympathetic discharge. The multifactorial concept alludes to other potential risk factors such as age, race, sex, refractive state, or unknown tissue susceptabilities. The pathogenesis implies an inter-relationship between finely balanced components of a complex biopsychological system involving an individual's genetic endowment, his environment, and his behavioral pattern. The concept also offers new possible lines of investigation for the treatment of CSP, utilizing pharmacological regulators and for its prevention through early identification of CSP-prone individuals. A review of the pertinent cardiovasculature literature linking the Type A behavior with coronary artery disease and the significant papers in the ophthalmic literature on central serous pigment epitheliopathy are included in the discussion.
READEX Tool Suite for Energy-efficiency Tuning of HPC Applications

The European Union Horizon 2020 READEX project is developing a tool suite for dynamic energy tuning of HPC applications. The tool suite performs an analysis during design-time before production run to construct a tuning model encapsulated with the best-found configurations that are then fed to the runtime tuning library. The library switches the configurations at runtime to adapt the application for energy-efficiency.
Novel Therapeutics In Renal Disease Novel inhibitors of nuclear transport cause cell cycle arrest and decrease cyst growth in ADPKD associated with decreased CDK 4 levels

Matthew Tan, Hiromi I. Wettersten, Kristy Chu, David L. Huso, Terry Watnick, Sharon Friedlander, Yosef Landesman, and Robert H. Weiss Graduate Group in Comparative Pathology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California; Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Karyopharm Therapeutics, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts; and Medical Service, Sacramento Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Sacramento, California
The Influence of Expectations for Health-Related Talk on Reports of Marital Satisfaction

The present study empirically operationalizes the health-related talk of married individuals (N = 349) and reports on the factor structure of these health-related talk expectations and the reliability and convergent validity of the two-factor solution. Both factors were significantly correlated with participants’ self reports of marital satisfaction. Implications for the relationships between health-related talk and marriage are discussed.
Research Article Factors Associated with Hiv/aids in Sudan

Objectives. To assess participants' knowledge about HIV/AIDS and to identify the factors associated with HIV/AIDS in Sudan. Methods. Observational cross-sectional study carried out at Omdurman National Voluntary Counseling and Testing Centre, Sudan covered 870 participants. Sociodemographic data as well as information related to sexual behavior were collected. Results. Most of the respondents were knowledgeable about the true transmission modes for AIDS virus. Very few respondents knew someone infected with AIDS (4.5%), died of AIDS (8.1%), accepted to live with someone infected with AIDS (4.7%) or to work with someone infected with AIDS (2.1%). Regarding sexual behavior, 96.5% had reported their first sexual experience between 20 and 30 years, with 85.7% reporting one or two partners, and only 1.8% reported using condom. Multivariate logistic regression showed that circumcision, religion, marital status, age at first sex, number of sexual partners, education level, and misconception of knowledge are the main risk factors associated with HIV/AIDS. Conclusion. Our results showed that a number of diversity risk factors were associated with HIV/AIDS. It is unlikely that a holistic approach will be found to immediately change sexual-risk-relating behavior. Interventions including sustained educational programs, promotion of condom, and encouragement of voluntary testing and active involvement of the country's political and religious leaders will be needed to alleviate this problem.
GDNF availability determines enteric neuron number by controlling precursor proliferation

To clarify the role of Ret signaling components in enteric nervous system (ENS) development, we evaluated ENS anatomy and intestinal contractility in mice heterozygous for Ret, GFRα1 and Ret ligands. These analyses demonstrate that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin are important for different aspects of ENS development. Neurturin is essential for maintaining the size of mature enteric neurons and the extent of neuronal projections, but does not influence enteric neuron number. GDNF availability determines enteric neuron number by controlling ENS precursor proliferation. However, we were unable to find evidence of programmed cell death in the wild type ENS by immunohistochemistry for activated caspase 3. In addition, enteric neuron number is normal in Bax–/– and Bid–/– mice, suggesting that, in contrast to most of the rest of the nervous system, programmed cell death is not important for determining enteric neuron numbers. Only mild reductions in neuron size and neuronal fiber counts occur in Ret+/– and Gfra1+/– mice. All of these heterozygous mice, however, have striking problems with intestinal contractility and neurotransmitter release, demonstrating that Ret signaling is critical for both ENS structure and function.
Effect of Acupuncture on the Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease—A Review of Clinical Studies

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder. Parkinson's clinical feature is characterized by its motor manifestations, although its many nonmotor symptoms occur earlier and have more profound impact on the quality of patient's life. Acupuncture has been increasingly popular and has been used to treat patients with Parkinson's. In this article, we have studied the clinical reports of acupuncture treatment for Parkinson's, which were listed in Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, and CINAHL databases in the past 15 years. It was found that acupuncture either manual or electroacupuncture stimulation at specific acupoints relieved some motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's and markedly improved many nonmotor symptoms such as psychiatric disorders, sleep problems, and gastrointestinal symptoms. When it was used as an adjunct for levodopa, acupuncture improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced dosage and the occurrence of side effects of levodopa. However, the results were constrained by small sample sizes, methodological flaws, and blinding methods of studies. Although the evidence for the effectiveness of acupuncture for treating Parkinson's is inconclusive, therapeutic potential of acupuncture seems quite promising. More studies, either comparative effectiveness research or high‐quality placebo‐controlled clinical studies are warranted.
16S rRNA sequences of uncultivated hot spring cyanobacterial mat inhabitants retrieved as randomly primed cDNA

Cloning and analysis of cDNAs synthesized from rRNAs is one approach to assess the species composition of natural microbial communities. In some earlier attempts to synthesize cDNA from 16S rRNA (16S rcDNA) from the Octopus Spring cyanobacterial mat, a dominance of short 16S rcDNAs was observed, which appear to have originated only from certain organisms. Priming of cDNA synthesis from small ribosomal subunit RNA with random deoxyhexanucleotides can retrieve longer sequences, more suitable for phylogenetic analysis. Here we report the retrieval of 16S rRNA sequences from three formerly uncultured community members. One sequence type, which was retrieved three times from a total of five sequences analyzed, can be placed in the cyanobacterial phylum. A second sequence type is related to 16S rRNAs from green nonsulfur bacteria. The third sequence type may represent a novel phylogenetic type.
Virtual routers as a service: the RouteFlow approach leveraging software-defined networks

The networking equipment market is being transformed by the need for greater openness and flexibility, not only for research purposes but also for in-house innovation by the equipment owners. In contrast to networking gear following the model of computer mainframes, where closed software runs on proprietary hardware, the software-defined networking approach effectively decouples the data from the control plane via an open API (i.e., OpenFlow protocol) that allows the (remote) control of packet forwarding engines. Motivated by this scenario, we propose RouteFlow, a commodity routing architecture that combines the line-rate performance of commercial hardware with the flexibility of open-source routing stacks (remotely) running on general purpose computers. The outcome is a novel point in the design space of commodity routing solutions with far-reaching implications towards virtual routers and IP networks as a service. This paper documents the progress achieved in the design and prototype implementation of our work and outlines our research agenda that calls for a community-driven approach.
Free energy landscape of a biomolecule in dihedral principal component space: Sampling convergence and correspondence between structures and minima

Dihedral principal component analysis (dPCA) has recently been developed and shown to display complex features of the free energy landscape of a biomolecule that may be absent in the free energy landscape plotted in principal component space due to mixing of internal and overall rotational motion that can occur in principal component analysis (PCA) [Mu et al., Proteins: Struct Funct Bioinfo 2005;58:45–52]. Another difficulty in the implementation of PCA is sampling convergence, which we address here for both dPCA and PCA using a tetrapeptide as an example. We find that for both methods the sampling convergence can be reached over a similar time. Minima in the free energy landscape in the space of the two largest dihedral principal components often correspond to unique structures, though we also find some distinct minima to correspond to the same structure. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Uterine Adenosarcomas: Diagnostic Use of the Proliferation Marker Ki-67 as an Adjunct to Morphologic Diagnosis

Adenosarcoma (AS) is a rare biphasic neoplasm of the female genital tract characterized by an admixture of benign glandular and low-grade mesenchymal components. The classic low-power growth pattern is periglandular stromal proliferation accompanied by a variable degree of cytologic atypia and mitotic activity. However, as cytologic atypia is an objective criterion, and the number of mitotic figures required for diagnosis is inversely proportional to stromal cytologic atypia, there is a relatively wide variation in the decisive factors used among pathologists to diagnose an AS. Furthermore, the exact number of microscopic fields sufficient for diagnosis and/or the size of the fields adjusted to a specific microscope are not well established. These uncertainties are still an occasional source of misclassification of AS. Our study was conducted to explore the role of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of AS. Eight ASs were retrieved and compared with 14 endometrial polyps and 14 atypical polypoid adenomyomas. Immunohistochemical stains for Ki-67, caldesmon, smooth muscle actin, desmin, and CD10 were performed on all cases. All AS had a polypoid growth pattern with a variable increase in periglandular stromal cellularity and stromal nuclear atypia. The mitotic activity ranged from 1 to 15/10 high-power fields, and all AS demonstrated a distinct increase in Ki-67–positive nuclei in the periglandular zone compared with the adjacent stroma, regardless of the mitotic count. The Ki-67–labeling index in periglandular zones was ∼20% compared with <5% in the adjacent stroma. This zonation was not observed in any case of atypical polypoid adenomyomas or endometrial polyps. None of the other stains (CD10, smooth muscle actin, desmin, and caldesmon) helped to differentiate between these entities. Thus, characteristic zonation by Ki-67–staining pattern is a helpful adjunct to the routine morphology in the diagnosis of AS, particularly in curettage specimens, which may lack some of the classic morphologic diagnostic features.
Assessment of Type and Severity of Road Traffic Accident Injuries among Omani Young Adults

It was carried out to evaluate and assess types of injuries in road traffic accident and their severity reported to one of the tertiary care hospital through cross sectional systemic prospective and retrospective study. Present study was carried out among 302 road traffic accident cases of young adult age. Collection of data includes interviewing the patient and review of medical records. Non-fatal injuries with severity such as abbreviated injury score (AIS); Glasgow coma score (GCS); revised trauma score (RTS) were considered in this study. Study indicates that 74.83% of victims were male and there is a significant (p<0.01) association between AIS and male gender. Most of the accident injuries were mild in nature and 99% of victims were having abrasion in urethra. The mean severity of injuries as computed by AIS was 13.2±0.106, GCS was 14.25±0.085 and RTS was 7.89±0.234. 37.45% of accident injuries were in group from 18 to 24 years. There is a significant (p<0.05) correlation between days of admission into ICU as well as in timing of accident. We conclude that it is important for planning and execution authorities to design and develop strategies and plans to minimise injuries in chest wall and thoracic vasculature to avoid future complications in young adults.