Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Embodying Risk: Managing Father–child Intimacy and the Display of Nudity in Families

This article interrogates how parents manage public–private practices of father–child intimacy and how the dis/embodied male impacts on the display of nudity in families. Drawing on empirical research, it examines some of the tensions which crystallise around intimate fatherhood and the meanings and practices of family photography. Focusing on the visual and how this can shed light on different dimensions of everyday experience, it explores how parents set boundaries around notions of decency and adjudge appropriate behaviour, with particular attention to the (in)significance of children’s age and the impact of class and social context. Notwithstanding cultural changes which prize intimate fatherhood, the management of masculinity and the paternal body remain a source of anxiety. This article interrogates how gender and ideas of ‘risk management’ are shaping embodied interactions between fathers and children and thus what children are learning about men, masculinity and intimacy.
Mental Health Needs Assessment After the Gulf Coast Oil Spill—Alabama and Mississippi, 2010

Abstract Introduction Previous oil spills and disasters from other human-made events have shown that mental health effects to the affected population are widespread and can be significant. Hypothesis/Problem There has been concern regarding the likelihood that existing public health surveillance was not capturing the mental health effects to the population affected by the Gulf Coast oil spill. The objectives of this study were to assess the mental health needs of coastal communities in the states of Alabama and Mississippi following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Methods A cluster sampling methodology was used to assess the mental health status of coastal residents in three counties in Alabama four months following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and in the Gulf Coast counties in Mississippi 5.5 months after the oil spill. Results A total of 469 residents of the selected areas were interviewed. Between 15.4 and 24.5% of the respondents reported depressive symptoms, with 21.4-31.5% reporting symptoms consistent with an anxiety disorder, and 16.3-22.8% reporting ≥14 mentally unhealthy days within the past 30 days. Overall, there were more negative quality of life indicators and negative social context outcomes than in the state's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. Between 32.1% and 35.7% of all households reported decreased income since the oil spill, and 35.5-38.2% of all households reported having been exposed to oil. Conclusion The proportion of respondents reporting negative mental health parameters in the affected Alabama and Mississippi coastal communities is higher than the proportion reported in the 2008 and 2009 BRFSS state reports, suggesting that the public health response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill should focus on mental health services in these communities. ButtkeD, VagiS, BayleyegnT, SircarK, StrineT, MorrisonM, AllenM, WolkinA. Mental health needs assessment after the Gulf Coast oil spill—Alabama and Mississippi, 2010. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(5):1-8.
DIF Assessment for Polytomously Scored Items: A Framework for Classification and Evaluation

Increased use of alternatives to the traditional dichotomously scored multiple-choice item yield complex responses that require complex scoring rules. Some of these new item types can be polytomously scored. DIF methodology is well-defined for traditional dichotomously scored multiple-choice items. This paper provides a classification scheme of DIF procedures for dichotomously scored items that is applicable to new DIF procedures for polytomously scored items. In the process, a formal development of a polytomous version of a dichotomous DIF technique is presented. Several polytomous DIF techniques are evaluated in terms of statistical and practical criteria. Index terms: DIF methodology, differential item functioning, item bias, polytomous scoring, statistical criteria for differential item functioning.
Making Civil Society Work: Models of Democracy and Their Impact on Civic Engagement

This article evaluates the influence of different models of democracy on individual volunteering in associations and organizations. More precisely, we investigate the extent to which the degree of liberal and participatory conceptions of democracy respectively shapes the conditions under which voluntary engagement thrives. We apply multilevel analysis—a method that corresponds well to the central hypothesis of institutional approaches and is most suitable for modeling the relationship between the democratic context and individual volunteering. We show that both a representative conception of democracy, as well as strong direct democracy, leads to advantageous conditions for civic engagement. In contrast, if the two models of democracy are combined, the two different logics of the democratic process disturb one another, resulting in less voluntary engagement.
The relationship between coping strategies and interrogative suggestibility

Interrogative suggestibility refers to the tendency of individuals to accept suggestive information in an interrogative context. Within the criminal justice system, this factor has substantial implications in relation to the obtaining of written statements, admissions from suspects, and, most importantly, false confessions. Gudjonsson and Clark (1986) have developed a theoretical model of suggestibility, and contend that suggestibility is mediated by an individual's cognitive abilities, mental state and personality characteristics. In particular, they emphasise the role of coping strategies, positing that active/problem‐focused coping strategies lead to greater resistance to suggestive information whilst avoidant/emotion‐focused strategies lead to increased susceptibility to accepting suggestive information. The current study evaluated this aspect of Gudjonsson and Clark's (1986) model, using the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (Gudjonsson, 1984) and the COPE (Carver, Scheier & Weintraub, 1989) inventory. Additionally, it was evaluated whether dispositional or situational coping strategies would be a better predictor of interrogative suggestibility. Sixty‐one participants completed both measures in the belief that they were participating in an investigation into memory. The results failed to support the hypothesized relationship between methods of coping and levels of interrogative suggestibility. Additionally, neither situational nor dispositional coping strategies were found to better predict interrogative suggestibility. The results are discussed in terms of Gudjonsson's (1988) previous findings and current theories on coping behaviour.
Education and globalization: redefining the role of the educational professional1

This paper argues that current globalizing forces are profoundly affecting the policies of nation states, and particularly those in education, and producing a situation where educational professional work is both increasingly controlled and increasingly fragmented. This being the case, it is argued that professionals' understanding of the nature of their work and responsibilities needs to change quite radically. The article then argues the need for professional understanding of the global nature policy issues. It then examines some general meanings for ‘globalization’, suggests a number of specific kinds, and argues that there are specific mediations that occur at a number of different levels below this. It then argues that the combination of these global forces and the different mediations produce both an excessive standardization/control and an excessive flexibility/fragmentation of professional work, leading to a number of tensions in practice. The final section of the paper suggests that because of these global forces, ‘normal’ conceptions of the professional role need to be supplemented by further requirements if professionals are to have relevance in the twenty‐first century.
Explaining socioeconomic inequalities in student achievement: The role of home and school factors

This paper examines the extent that material, social, and cultural resources and schools account for the relationship between socioeconomic background and student achievement among 15-year-olds in 30 countries. Generally, cultural factors play a more important role in most countries although in a small minority of countries, material resources have a substantial impact. Most often, social resources have little impact. In many countries, educational differentiation—that is, school tracks and school types, and curriculum tracking within schools—mediates the relationship between socioeconomic background and student achievement. Countries with highly tracked systems tend to show stronger relationships. On average, over 60% of the effect of socioeconomic background on achievement is accounted for by these factors. These findings are independent of whether achievement in reading, mathematics, or science is examined. The implications of this study for reducing socioeconomic inequalities in education are discussed.
Distribution of Bifidobacterial Species in Human Intestinal Microflora Examined with 16S rRNA-Gene-Targeted Species-Specific Primers

ABSTRACT In order to clarify the distribution of bifidobacterial species in the human intestinal tract, a 16S rRNA-gene-targeted species-specific PCR technique was developed and used with DNAs extracted from fecal samples obtained from 48 healthy adults and 27 breast-fed infants. To cover all of the bifidobacterial species that have been isolated from and identified in the human intestinal tract, species-specific primers for Bifidobacterium longum, B. infantis,B. dentium, and B. gallicum were developed and used with primers for B. adolescentis, B. angulatum, B. bifidum, B. breve, and the B. catenulatum group (B. catenulatum andB. pseudocatenulatum) that were developed in a previous study (T. Matsuki, K. Watanabe, R. Tanaka, and H. Oyaizu, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 167:113–121, 1998). The specificity of the nine primers was confirmed by PCR, and the species-specific PCR method was found to be a useful means for identifying Bifidobacteriumstrains isolated from human feces. The results of an examination of bifidobacterial species distribution showed that the B. catenulatum group was the most commonly found taxon (detected in 44 of 48 samples [92%]), followed by B. longum andB. adolescentis, in the adult intestinal bifidobacterial flora and that B. breve, B. infantis, andB. longum were frequently found in the intestinal tracts of infants. The present study demonstrated that qualitative detection of the bifidobacterial species present in human feces can be accomplished rapidly and accurately.
Changing Models of Party Organization and Party Democracy

Many recent discussions of the decline of party are predicated on the assumption that the Duverger/socialist mass-party model is the only model for parties. We contend that this assumption is misconceived, that the mass-party model is only one, temporally limited and contingent model, and that it is necessary to differentiate notions of adaptation and change from notions of decline or failure. Following an analysis of how various models of party can be located in terms of the relationship between civil society and the state, we contend that the recent period has witnessed the emergence of a new model of party, the cartel party, in which colluding parties become agents of the state and employ the resources of the state (the party state) to ensure their own collective survival. Finally, we suggest that the recent challenge to party is in fact a challenge to the cartel that the established parties have created for themselves.
Comparing brain activation associated with isolated upper and lower limb movement across corresponding joints

It was shown recently that functional activation across brain motor areas during locomotion and foot movements are similar but differ substantially from activation related to upper extremity movement (Miyai [ 2001 ]: Neuroimage 14:1186–1192). The activation pattern may be a function of the behavioral context of the movement rather than of its mechanical properties. We compare motor system activation patterns associated with isolated single‐joint movement of corresponding joints in arm and leg carried out in equal frequency and range. Eleven healthy volunteers underwent BOLD‐weighted fMRI while performing repetitive elbow or knee extension/flexion. To relate elbow and knee activation to the well‐described patterns of finger movement, serial finger‐to‐thumb opposition was assessed in addition. After identifying task‐related voxels using statistical parametric mapping, activation was measured in five regions of interest (ROI; primary motor [M1] and somatosensory cortex [S1], premotor cortex, supplementary motor area [SMA] divided into preSMA and SMA‐proper, and cerebellum). Differences in the degree of activation across ROIs were found between elbow and knee movement. SMA‐proper activation was prominent for knee, but almost absent for elbow movement (P < 0.05); finger movement produced small but constant SMA‐proper activation. Ipsilateral M1 activation was detected during knee and finger movement, but was absent for the elbow task (P < 0.05). Knee movement showed less lateralization in M1 and S1 than other tasks (P < 0.05). The data demonstrate that central motor structures contribute differently to isolated elbow and knee movement. Activation during knee movement shows similarities to gait‐related activation patterns. Hum. Brain Mapping 17:131–140, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quetiapine regulates FGF-2 and BDNF expression in the hippocampus of animals treated with MK-801

Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are trophic factors, widely distributed in the adult brain, whose expression can be modulated by psychoactive drugs. Administration of the atypical antipsychotic quetiapine resulted in a marked elevation of FGF-2 and BDNF mRNA levels in the rat hippocampus, but only under conditions of reduced NMDA receptor activity. These effects were drug-specific, given that they were not observed with the conventional antipsychotic haloperidol; and anatomically defined, since no similar effect was observed in striatum, prefrontal or frontal cortex. These results suggest that quetiapine may promote neuroplasticity via the up-regulation of neurotrophic factors when NMDA-mediated transmission is perturbed.
Teacher or coach? How logics from the field of sports contribute to the construction of knowledge in physical education teacher education pedagogical discourse through educational texts

The main purpose of this paper is to focus attention on educational texts as central conveyers of discourses of sport into physical education teacher education (PETE) and by extension into physical education (PE). A considerable volume of research suggests that sport and games continue to be dominant elements of curriculum and practice in contemporary PE. Given the issues of masculinity, physicality and performativity resulting from such continuing sport-focused PE practice, it is relevant to question how such practices are discursively produced or reproduced. In this regard, one area has received only scant attention, namely the potential influence of educational texts used in PETE. Using the theoretical frameworks provided by Michel Foucault, Basil Bernstein and Norman Fairclough, this paper considers educational texts as important contributors to the discursive construction of knowledge in PETE, and thus also as a central resource for studying—and challenging—those discourses that influence on the PE teachers' perceptions of PE and their choices when it comes to the organisation of the PE class. This paper is based on a thorough examination of Danish PETE course documents listing educational texts prescribed by teacher educators for PETE programmes in Denmark. Several of the prescribed educational texts are published by private organisations with sporting interests, such as Team DK and The Sports Confederation of Denmark. This paper conducts a discourse analysis of these texts in order to illuminate how specific social rules regulate their content and involve specific constructions of the learner, the teacher and the relation between them. The paper's findings underline the need for an increased awareness among those who engage in PE practices of the ways in which discourses shape our thinking, and of the potential dangers that lie in the transfer of particular meanings and values as they are constructed in educational texts.
Increased antiplatelet T helper lymphocyte reactivity in patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia.

Chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ATP) is a common hematologic disorder in which platelet-specific autoantibodies bind to platelets and enhance their destruction by the reticuloendothelial system. While there has been considerable investigation of the humoral immune abnormalities in ATP, little work has been performed on the cellular immunoregulatory aspects of this autoimmune disorder. We describe here that patients with ATP have lymphocytes that proliferate normally when stimulated by mitogens. However, when stimulated by normal control platelets in 7-day antigen-presenting cell cultures, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with ATP proliferate at significantly higher levels (P less than .001) and their lymphocytes secrete significantly higher amounts of interleukin-2 (IL-2) (P less than .001) than do lymphocytes from control subjects. Depletion studies with monoclonal anti-CD8 and complement did not reduce the proliferative capacity of the responding PBMC population, indicating that CD4+ T-helper cells may be responsible for the response. Phenotypic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets from patients with ATP showed that there was a significant reduction in CD4+Leu8+ T suppressor-inducer cells (P less than .001) and a concomitant increase in CD3+DR+ activated T cells (P less than .001) and CD19+ B cells (P less than .05). These data indicate that CD4+ T-helper cells from patients with ATP are stimulated by normal platelet antigen(s) to secrete IL-2 and may modulate the enhanced antiplatelet autoantibody response.
CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF ECONOMIC & SOCIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE (CSESCE)

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the key issues surrounding entrepreneurship development in transition countries focusing on six main themes. Though it can be argued that the transition countries started from more or less the same point when they embarked on their transitional path, in this paper, we indicate a number of the differences in initial conditions which further influenced SME development. By surveying the existing literature on SME development, this paper illustrates that as the transition process progresses, entrepreneurship development in transition countries is a story of increasing divergence. The transitional context provides unique opportunities for entrepreneurship activities to develop. However, at the same time this environment presents unique challenges for entrepreneurial development especially knowledge-based entrepreneurship as the free-market system matures within a context with low levels of SMEs and inherited negative views towards entrepreneurship
Preparing the Child Facing Surgery: The Use of Play Therapy

Early psychoanalytic reports suggest how surgery can arouse children's unconscious fears and fantasies about the anticipated assault on their body. Psychological preparation programs seem to help in preventing the negative effects of surgery and in dealing with other potentially traumatic experiences in the future. Most of these programs have focused mainly on the cognitive-behavioral level and less on the emotional part of the experience. Puppet play seems to provide an opportunity for expressing and mastering common children's concerns such as confinement, abandonment, fear of punishment, and the feeling of helplessness. In addition, puppets can be used effectively by children for the projection of unpleasant feelings or fantasies. This function is further facilitated by modeling as the therapist models for the child that the verbalization of feelings is acceptable. A relevant manual-based semi-structured intervention is discussed here.
Becoming an Engaged, Self-Regulated Reader

who set realistic goals, select effective reading strategies, monitor their understanding of the text, and evaluate progress toward their goals (Martinez-Pons, 1996; Zimmerman, 1986: Zimmerman, Bonner, & Kovach, 1996). Readers' level of selfregulation depends not only on their reading and self-regulation skills, but also on their beliefs about their efficacy to read, the value they place on the reading task, and their motivation to read and learn. For instance, how students monitor their comprehension during a particular reading event will depend on the other self-regulation processes and their personal beliefs. Thus, self-regulation processes, personal beliefs, and motivation are all interrelated and reciprocal. The purpose of this article is to explain how students self-regulate while reading. First, we describe students' personal beliefs of self-efficacy, task value, and motivation and how these beliefs influence their self-regulated reading. Then, we discuss each of the processes of self-regulated reading (i.e., goal-setting; selection, use, and monitoring of reading strategies; and self-evaluation). Throughout this article, we use examples from a summer program for school-aged children where a
Creative music therapy with premature infants: An analysis of video footage†

Music therapy with premature infants is a globally expanding field in neonatal care. However, to date, the interactive potential of active music therapy approaches with premature infants has received only limited attention in the literature. The aim of this paper is to evaluate possible patterns and types of relevant therapeutic change and interactions in creative music therapy with premature infants. The paper reports on the first phase of a larger qualitative multi-perspective study, which applies principles of grounded theory and therapeutic narrative analysis. Analysis of video footage of two premature infants was conducted to identify preliminary categories to serve as a phenomenon-orientated starting point for a larger grounded theory-based study. From the present results, a working hypothesis emerged that creative music therapy may encourage an active role for the premature infant, helping to uncover their communicative musicality, sensitivity to music, and meaningful relatedness that, in turn, may promote stabilization and development. Analysis further suggests that creative music therapy may be particularly effective to pacify, engage, and empower premature infants without being overwhelming. This is achieved through matching and sharing vitality forms in a continuous, finely-attuned musical re-adjustment process. In the second phase of the study, these themes are confirmed, expanded, or refuted by evaluating a larger number of cases.