Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Marshall--Jacobs controversy: it takes two to tango

The literature is inconclusive as to whether Marshallian specialization or Jacobian diversification externalities favour regional innovativeness. The specialization argument poses that regional specialization towards a particular industry improves innovativeness in that industry. Regional specialization allows for knowledge to spill over among similar firms. By contrast, the diversification thesis asserts that knowledge spills over between firms in different industries, causing diversified production structures to be more innovative. Building on an original database, we address this controversy for the Netherlands. We thereby advance on the literature by providing a two-level approach, at the region’s and the firm’s level. At the regional level, we compare specialized with diversified regions on numbers of accommodated innovators. At the firm level, we establish causalities between externalities and degree of innovativeness. The results unambiguously suggest Marshallian externalities: specialized regions accommodate increased numbers of innovating firms and, consistently, incumbent firms’ innovativeness increase with regional specialization. Once the product has been launched, innovators in diversified Jacobian regions appear to be more successful in commercial terms than innovators in specialized Marshallian regions.
The Effects of Two Types of Sleep Deprivation on Visual Working Memory Capacity and Filtering Efficiency

Sleep deprivation has adverse consequences for a variety of cognitive functions. The exact effects of sleep deprivation, though, are dependent upon the cognitive process examined. Within working memory, for example, some component processes are more vulnerable to sleep deprivation than others. Additionally, the differential impacts on cognition of different types of sleep deprivation have not been well studied. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of one night of total sleep deprivation and 4 nights of partial sleep deprivation (4 hours in bed/night) on two components of visual working memory: capacity and filtering efficiency. Forty-four healthy young adults were randomly assigned to one of the two sleep deprivation conditions. All participants were studied: 1) in a well-rested condition (following 6 nights of 9 hours in bed/night); and 2) following sleep deprivation, in a counter-balanced order. Visual working memory testing consisted of two related tasks. The first measured visual working memory capacity and the second measured the ability to ignore distractor stimuli in a visual scene (filtering efficiency). Results showed neither type of sleep deprivation reduced visual working memory capacity. Partial sleep deprivation also generally did not change filtering efficiency. Total sleep deprivation, on the other hand, did impair performance in the filtering task. These results suggest components of visual working memory are differentially vulnerable to the effects of sleep deprivation, and different types of sleep deprivation impact visual working memory to different degrees. Such findings have implications for operational settings where individuals may need to perform with inadequate sleep and whose jobs involve receiving an array of visual information and discriminating the relevant from the irrelevant prior to making decisions or taking actions (e.g., baggage screeners, air traffic controllers, military personnel, health care providers).
Teaching teamwork skills in software engineering based on an understanding of factors affecting group performance

Being able to work effectively in teams is an important learning objective for software engineering students. Although many programs today make team projects fundamental elements of their curricula, few actually teach teamwork and communication skills directly. Consequently, students may gain experience working in teams but may not learn the skills necessary to perform effectively in a team environment. In previous studies it was shown that both team synergy and basic software engineering knowledge correlated significantly with team project success. This paper examines additional factors that have the potential to affect group performance. In particular, this study looks at gender, age, cultural diversity, previous work experience, and the degree to which work is equitably shared among team members as possible factors affecting success. Based on the results of this study, suggestions are made for both team formation and designing appropriate assignments to enhance the teamwork skills of students.
Distributed Widely Linear Multiple-Model Adaptive Estimation

The paper considers the problem of estimating the state of a complex-valued stochastic hybrid system observed distributively using an agent/sensor network (AN/SN) with complex-valued (possibly noncircular) observations. In several distributed estimation problems, a suitable model to describe the underlying system is unknown a priori, i.e., distributed state estimation with structural uncertainty. Motivated by application of widely linear processing techniques in such problems, the paper proposes a class of distributed multiple-model adaptive estimation algorithms, referred to as the CD/MMAE. By incorporating the particular structure of the complex-valued observations on the second moment, first we develop two hierarchical CD/MMAE implementations and then use them as the building blocks and develop a diffusion-based hybrid estimator for decentralized estimation without incorporation of a fusion centre. The paper derives a new form of the adaptation law and a new form of information fusion, which takes advantage of the full second-order statistical properties of the underlying observations. Convergence properties of the proposed diffusion-based CD/MMAE are then investigated. We show that the adaptive weight of all local nodes converges to the true mode with probability one. Simulation results indicate that the proposed hybrid estimators provide improved performance and convergence properties over their traditional counterparts.
Structure and performance of infectious disease surveillance and response, United Republic of Tanzania, 1998.

OBJECTIVE To assess the structure and performance of and support for five infectious disease surveillance systems in the United Republic of Tanzania: Health Management Information System (HMIS); Infectious Disease Week Ending; Tuberculosis/Leprosy; Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; and Acute Flaccid Paralysis/Poliomyelitis. METHODS The systems were assessed by analysing the core activities of surveillance and response and support functions (provision of training, supervision, and resources). Data were collected using questionnaires that involved both interviews and observations at regional, district, and health facility levels in three of the 20 regions in the United Republic of Tanzania. FINDINGS An HMIS was found at 26 of 32 health facilities (81%) surveyed and at all 14 regional and district medical offices. The four other surveillance systems were found at <20% of health facilities and <75% of medical offices. Standardized case definitions were used for only 3 of 21 infectious diseases. Nineteen (73%) health facilities with HMIS had adequate supplies of forms; 9 (35%) reported on time; and 11 (42%) received supervision or feedback. Four (29%) medical offices with HMIS had population denominators to use for data analyses; 12 (86%) were involved in outbreak investigations; and 11 (79%) had conducted community prevention activities. CONCLUSION While HMIS could serve as the backbone for IDSR in the United Republic of Tanzania, this will require supervision, standardized case definitions, and improvements in the quality of reporting, analysis, and feedback.
Inclusion: Dimensions of inclusion in education

ABSTRACT The understanding of inclusion in education has transcended the assumption that inclusion is about students with special needs. It concerns the inclusion of all children. With systems theory as a framework, the article argues that in order to handle inclusion as a phenomenon that concerns all children, we need an operational definition of inclusion differentiated according to three dimensions. The first dimension covers different levels of inclusion. The second dimension concerns different types of social communities in and out of school, from which a child may be included or excluded. The class is one such type of social community, but equally important is membership in the self-organised community of children in the school-yard, the bilateral relationships with other children and/or teachers, etc. The third dimension concerns different degrees of being included in and/or excluded from the different communities. The point is that a child is not either completely included or excluded, but that he/she is included in or excluded from the different communities in different degrees. A comprehensive matrix definition is presented combining the three dimensions, which matches the present understanding of inclusion in education.
RECONCILING THE TENSIONS IN LEARNING AND KNOWLEDGE Theme : Strategy , Competitiveness and Learning

This paper identifies the critical learning trade-offs that managers face when defining their learning strategies. We integrate these learning choices into three configurations of learning strategies: " Explorers " , " Exploiters " , and " Innovators " , and address whether there is one optimal configuration of the learning tensions that leads to a superior learning strategy, or whether different strategies are appropriate under different conditions. In supporting the existence of an " optimal " learning strategy, we propose several ways in which learning tensions can be managed. First, we argue that the tensions can be managed across time and space. Second, we suggest that by developing an improvisational skill, firms can exploit current ways of doing things while providing room for experiments and controlled risks that open the possibility for exploration.
The effect of input/output location in an automated storage/retrieval system with two cranes

This paper studies the scheduling of two cranes in automated storage and retrieval systems that have a single output/input location. The cranes are located on a common rail, which restricts their movement, and which also makes the scheduling interesting as the cranes have to dodge each other while operating. The purpose of the paper is to study the scheduling of the retrieval of cartons from the storage to the output location. In order to do that, the paper introduces different scheduling restrictions and constructs a local search heuristic for scheduling the cranes. The heuristic relies on simulation to calculate the length of a given schedule, i.e., the makespan. In the numerical experiments different scheduling restrictions are compared in three different types of automated storage and retrieval systems. The results show how the length of the schedule changes when the input/output location changes in the storage.
Cellular cochain algebras and torus actions

Cellular cochains do notadmit a functorial associative multiplication because a proper cellular diag-onal approximation does not exist in general. The construction of moment-angle complexes is a functor from the category of simplicial complexes to thecategory of spaces with torus action. We show that in this special case theproposed cellular approximation of the diagonal is associative and functorialwith respect to those maps of moment-angle complexes which are inducedby simplicial maps.The face ring of a complex K on the vertex set [m] = {1,. ,m} isthe graded quotient ring Z[K] = Z[v
Emergence of Sharing Behavior in a Multi-agent Society Using Tags

This paper investigates how tags can be used to achieve emergence of sharing behavior in a multi-agent society made of different groups. The context of interaction between agents in the society is the knowledge-sharing game, where agents use tags to identify those who are similar to them. This paper explains under what circumstances tags succeed to establish knowledge sharing. The results discussed in this paper were obtained using the simulation of artificial agent societies.
The social life of British organic biodynamic wheat : biopolitics, biopower and governance

5 Declaration . 6 Copyright Statement . 6 Acknowledgements . 7 The Social Life of British Organic Biodynamic Wheat: Biopower, Biopolitics & Governance . 8 An Introduction to the Field . 8 Chapter 1: Situating the Study of the Social Life of BOB Wheat . 19 Chapter 2 Methods: Tracing the BOB Wheat . 43 Chapter 3 Drawing Out the Network Part I: Heterogeneity, Hybridity & Networkiness . 73 Chapter 4 Drawing Out the Network Part 2: Performance and Translations . 104 Chapter 5 Drawing Out the Network Part 3: The Multiplicity of Network Effects . 123 Chapter 6 Drawing Out the Network Part 4: BOB Wheats Flowing In and Out . 149 Chapter 7 A Patchwork of Multiple Wheats . 171 Chapter 8 Coordination, Purification & Biopolitics: Making Alterity Manifest . 192 Conclusion . 223 The Social Life of BOB Wheat: Manifesting Alterity, Biopolitics & Biopower. 223 Bibliography . 234
Growing into Trouble: Indonesia after 1966

This paper analyses the remarkable growth experience of Indonesia since 1966. Over a thirty-year period, GDP per capita rose more than fourfold, despite unfavourable initial conditions, some weak institutions, and flawed microeconomic policies. The paper attributes this strong performance to a mutually reinforcing combination of political stability, competent macroeconomic policy, and some important instances of good fortune. It explores the origins of good policy and analyses three of the main external shocks. The paper also argues that rapid growth interacted with weak institutions in a way that contributed to the severity of the crisis of 1997-98.
Measuring the Contribution of Water and Green Space Amenities to Housing Values: An Application and Comparison of Spatially Weighted Hedonic Models

This study estimates the influence of proximity to water bodies and park amenities on residential housing values in Knox County, Tennessee, using the hedonic price approach. Values for proximity to water bodies and parks are first estimated globally with a standard ordinary least squares (OLS) model. A locally weighted regression model is then employed to investigate spatial nonstationarity and generate local estimates for individual sources of each amenity. The local model reveals some important local differences in the effects of proximity to water bodies and parks on housing price.
How Microbes Twist Jasmonate Signaling around Their Little Fingers

Plant immunity relies on a complex network of hormone signaling pathways in which jasmonic acid (JA) plays a central role. Successful microbial pathogens or symbionts have developed strategies to manipulate plant hormone signaling pathways to cause hormonal imbalances for their own benefit. These strategies include the production of plant hormones, phytohormone mimics, or effector proteins that target host components to disrupt hormonal signaling pathways and enhance virulence. Here, we describe the molecular details of the most recent and best-characterized examples of specific JA hormonal manipulation by microbes, which exemplify the ingenious ways by which pathogens can take control over the plant’s hormone signaling network to suppress host immunity.
Independence and bipolarity in the structure of current affect.

The independence of positive and negative affect has been heralded as a major and counterintuitive finding in the psychology of mood and emotion. Still, other findings support the older view that positive and negative fall at opposite ends of a single bipolar continuum. Independence versus bipolarity can be reconciled by considering (a) the activation dimension of affect, (b) random and systematic measurement error, and (c) how items are selected to achieve an appropriate test of bipolarity. In 3 studies of self-reported current affect, random and systematic error were controlled through multiformat measurement and confirmatory factor analysis. Valence was found to be independent of activation, positive affect the bipolar opposite of negative affect, and deactivation the bipolar opposite of activation. The dimensions underlying D. Watson, L. A. Clark, and A. Tellegen's (1988) Positive and Negative Affect schedule were accounted for by the valence and activation dimensions. A consensus on a descriptive structure of current affect is at hand—if we can only agree on what the structure is. The psychology of mood, emotion, and affect needs a consensual structure and is tantalizingly close to achieving one. Among the remaining disagreements, the most puzzling and persistent is bipolarity versus independence. Is positive affect the bipolar opposite of, or is it independent of, negative affect? Are happiness and sadness two ends of one continuum, or separate entities, like apples and oranges? A resolution to this puzzle is needed to answer questions about the number of dimensions of affect, how affect should be measured, and the underlying processes involved. Despite repeated attempts, a solution to this puzzle remains elusive, and a long-simmering debate has recently flared up. Much is at stake in this debate, for important lines of research have arisen on these opposing assumptions. This article offers conceptual and empirical analyses aimed at resolving the dispute.
High within-patient variability in the clearance of tacrolimus is a risk factor for poor long-term outcome after kidney transplantation.

BACKGROUND We hypothesized that a high within-patient variability in clearance of tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) would put patients at risk for periods of over- or underimmunosuppression and would thus lead to long-term chronic allograft nephropathy and graft loss after transplantation. METHODS From 297 patients transplanted between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2004, the within-patient variability in clearance was calculated from tacrolimus whole-blood concentrations and mycophenolic acid (MPA) plasma concentrations drawn between 6 and 12 months post-transplantation. As a primary outcome, a composite end point consisting of graft loss, biopsy-proven chronic allograft nephropathy and 'doubling in plasma creatinine concentration in the period between t = 12 months post-transplantation and last follow-up' was used. RESULTS In the study population of 297 patients, 34 patients reached the primary end point of graft failure. The within-patient variability in the clearance of tacrolimus and three other covariates are significant risk factors for reaching the composite end point of failure [P-values for intraindividual tacrolimus variability = 0.003, biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) = 0.003, recipient age at transplantation = 0.005]. The mean tacrolimus concentration for controls [7.4 (+/- 2.9) ng/mL] and for failures [6.9 (+/- 2.5) ng/mL] was similar. Within-patient variability in the clearance of MPA was not related to reaching the composite end point of failure. CONCLUSIONS This study shows a significant relationship between the high within-patient variability in the clearance of tacrolimus, but not for MPA, and long-term graft failure.
Living Traditions: An Examination of the Theoretical and Philosophical Tensions in Australian Constitutionalism

The thesis is concerned with understanding the influence of constitutional philosophy on contemporary political practice. The thesis questions whether the Australian polity has an established account of what constitutes the underpinning philosophy of the Constitution and, more importantly, if this philosophical inheritance has any enduring impacts. The thesis refutes claims that Australian constitutionalism is devoid of political philosophy or underpinned by an innate utilitarianism, arguing that the Constitution has a rich and diverse philosophical heritage. More specifically, the thesis contends that Australian constitutionalism is predominantly shaped by two philosophical traditions that can be traced to the founders’ decision to combine elements of English and US constitutional thought. The first three chapters of the thesis discuss how these two traditions shaped the development of the Constitution, contributing to Australian understandings of critical constitutional concepts such as the separation of powers, the foundations of national sovereignty and the best mechanism to secure individual rights. Furthermore, by tracing the philosophical origins of the Constitution, the thesis shows that the two predominant influences on the development of Australian government are often at theoretical tension. Having established the Constitution’s rich and diverse philosophical heritage, the thesis then attempts to understand if the theoretical tensions in Australian constitutionalism manifest in contemporary political practice.
Exploring Teachers’ Concerns About Bringing Responsible Research and Innovation to European Science Classrooms

ABSTRACT The European Union pushes science education to orient toward the concept of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI; i.e., socially and ethically sensitive and inclusive processes of science and technology). Schools should further understanding on how science interacts with society and increase students’ engagement in science. This exploratory study analysed concerns of 67 active, forward-looking teachers from 10 European countries using a questionnaire based on the concerns-based adoption model (C-BAM) and open-ended questions regarding the adoption of RRI into teaching. In the context of an international professional development programme on RRI, a pre/post comparison was also carried out for 29 of the teachers. The results showed that the forerunner teachers were willing to find information and collaborate on RRI teaching and believed that RRI can engage students and be a worthwhile part of the curriculum. Yet the respondents voiced personal concerns about their ability to teach RRI, and only a few concerns were resolved during the professional development period. Teachers need extended support and networking to contextualise RRI into their science lessons. On the basis of the results, we discuss the possibilities of teaching RRI implicitly rather than explicitly in order to foster students’ own reasoning about RRI-related values. Our results also demonstrate that the customary questionnaire used with C-BAM gives a consistent picture of teachers’ concerns but does not differentiate teachers enough in order to formulate a statistically sound clustering of concern profiles. We argue that with proper adjustments the questionnaire can provide more diverse and informative profiling of teachers’ concerns.