Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
p53 expression in squamous dysplasia associated with carcinoma of the oesophagus: evidence for field carcinogenesis

Squamous epithelial dysplasia is often observed multifocally in the cancerous oesophagus and is presumably considered to be a pre-cancerous lesion. A mutation of the p53 tumour suppressor gene is commonly identified in oesophageal cancer and dysplasia. p53 mutations can be anticipated immunohistochemically. In order to confirm the biological and clinical significance of p53 expressions in oesophageal field carcinogenesis, immunostaining for p53 in cancerous and multifocal precancerous lesions from resected human oesophagus was systematically investigated, while paying special attention to the contiguity of these lesions. Lesions expressing p53 were detected in 46.5% (20 of 43 lesions) of the invasive carcinoma, and in 51.0% (46 of 90 lesions) of the carcinoma in situ, and in 51.4% (92 of 179 lesions) of the dysplasia. Next, the p53 expression in dysplasia was compared with that in carcinoma for the same case. 37 of 39 (94.8%) dysplasias contiguous to p53-positive carcinomas also expressed p53 (P < 0.0001). On the other hand, the isolated dysplasias without contiguity to p53-positive carcinomas, only expressed p53 protein in 44.0% (11 of 25 lesions). No significant correlations were found between the p53 staining and either the clinicopathological features or prognosis. Discordant p53 alterations, such as those seen in cancerous and isolated precancerous lesions, may thus demonstrate further evidence for a multicentric or field carcinogenesis of the human oesophagus. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign
Sequence and Structure Analysis of Distantly-Related Viruses Reveals Extensive Gene Transfer between Viruses and Hosts and among Viruses

The origin and evolution of viruses is a subject of ongoing debate. In this study, we provide a full account of the evolutionary relationships between proteins of significant sequence and structural similarity found in viruses that belong to different classes according to the Baltimore classification. We show that such proteins can be found in viruses from all Baltimore classes. For protein families that include these proteins, we observe two patterns of the taxonomic spread. In the first pattern, they can be found in a large number of viruses from all implicated Baltimore classes. In the other pattern, the instances of the corresponding protein in species from each Baltimore class are restricted to a few compact clades. Proteins with the first pattern of distribution are products of so-called viral hallmark genes reported previously. Additionally, this pattern is displayed by the envelope glycoproteins from Flaviviridae and Bunyaviridae and helicases of superfamilies 1 and 2 that have homologs in cellular organisms. The second pattern can often be explained by horizontal gene transfer from the host or between viruses, an example being Orthomyxoviridae and Coronaviridae hemagglutinin esterases. Another facet of horizontal gene transfer comprises multiple independent introduction events of genes from cellular organisms into otherwise unrelated viruses.
Global Disinflation

The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors and should not be interpreted as reflecting those of the Bank of Japan or the International Department. We thank our colleagues at the Bank of Japan for helpful comments. We are particularly indebted to Koichiro Kamada (Research and Statistics Department) for his valuable comments on the empirical analysis and giving us permission to use his empirical results on Japan. We also wish to acknowledge the enlightening discussions that we had with Akira Otani (Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies). All errors remain ours.
Quantitative Fracture Modeling on Low-permeability Sandstone Reservoirs by Stress Field

A new method is used to quantify the relationships between stress field and primary fracture characters (aperture, density) in low-permeability sandstone reservoirs based on laboratory experiments and mathematical development, through which, quantitative fracture modeling is set up. Using this modeling, we can load it into the stress analysis software (Ansys 10.0) to acquire 3D palaeo stress field and current-stress field after selecting appropriate mechanical parameters and stress loading.
The Mediating Role of Loneliness at Workplace on the Trust in Colleagues on Organizational Identification

The aim of this study was to determine the teachers' trust in their colleagues and their loneliness at work and their impact on their identification with their organizations. The research’s data was collected from the teachers working in public schools in Kadikoy District of Istanbul in 2016-2017 academic year by using a questionnaire. The collected data were interpreted using SPSS and SEM statistical programs. According to the results, there were significant relationships between trust in colleagues and loneliness at workplace, and loneliness and organizational identification at workplace, as well as trust and organizational identification among colleagues. In addition, the main motivation of the study is the mediation effect of loneliness at workplace and it has been determined that there is a full mediation effect between trust and organizational identification for colleagues.
A New Halo-finding Method for N-Body Simulations

We have developed a new halo-finding method called the physically self-bound (PSB) group-finding algorithm, which is designed to identify halos located in crowded regions. To demarcate subhalo regions, we introduce the tidal constraint combined with the self-boundedness check. In order to reduce overload and parallel finding, we first divide whole simulation particles into many local particle groups using two distinct methods. One adopts a density mesh used to group particles in connected local overdense cells, and the other applies the friends-of-friends (FoF) algorithm with a linking length (lloc) 0.3 times the mean particle separation. Then we divide each local particle group into several subgroups enclosed by numerous density levels and identify tidally stable and self-bound subhalos around density peaks. Subhalo finding is done on a fine mesh with cell size equal to twice the force resolution. Particles in a density shell that surrounds only one density peak form a subhalo candidate. Particles located in the outer remaining density shells that surround more than one peak become member candidates of one of the subhalos. We determine the membership using the tidal boundary constraint. We have found that the mass function is very insensitive to lloc when lloc ≥ 0.3. At least 40% of subhalos do not seem to collapse to the most massive subhalo in a FoF group when the Press & Schechter collapse model is applied to measure the size of a collapsed structure in the Lagrangian space. We have applied our halo-finding method to a 10243 particle simulation in a ΛCDM model and compare the halo mass functions with those previously found in the literature.
“Call a Teenager… That’s What I Do!” - Grandchildren Help Older Adults Use New Technologies: Qualitative Study

Background Although family technical support seems intuitive, there is very little research exploring this topic. Objective The objective of this study was to conduct a subanalysis of data collected from a large-scale qualitative project regarding older adults’ experiences in using health information technology. Specifically, the subanalysis explored older adults’ experiences with technology support from family members to inform strategies for promoting older adults’ engagement with new health technologies. Although the primary analysis of the original study was theoretically driven, this paper reports results from an inductive, open-coding analysis. Methods This is a subanalysis of a major code identified unexpectedly from a qualitative study investigating older adults’ use experience of a widespread health technology, the patient portal. A total of 24 older patients (≥65 years) with multiple chronic conditions (Charlson Comorbidity Index >2) participated in focus groups conducted at the patients’ primary clinic. While conducting the primary theoretically driven analysis, coders utilized an open-coding approach to ensure important ideas not reflected in the theoretical code book were captured. Open coding resulted in 1 code: family support. This subanalysis further categorized family support by who provided tech support, how tech support was offered, and the opinions of older participants about receiving family tech support. Results The participants were not specifically asked about family support, yet themes around family assistance and encouragement for technology emerged from every focus group. Participants repeatedly mentioned that they called their grandchildren and adult children if they needed help with technology. Participants also reported that family members experienced difficulty when teaching technology use. Family members struggled to explain simple technology tasks and were frustrated by the slow teaching process. Conclusions The results suggest that older adults ask their family members, particularly grandchildren, to support them in the use of new technologies. However, family may experience difficulties in providing this support. Older adults will be increasingly expected to use health technologies, and family members may help with tech support. Providers and health systems should consider potential family support and engagement strategies to foster adoption and use among older patients.
Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2015: A Patient-Centered Approach: Update to a Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes

In 2012, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) published a position statement on the management of hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (1,2). This was needed because of an increasing array of antihyperglycemic drugs and growing uncertainty regarding their proper selection and sequence. Because of a paucity of comparative effectiveness research on long-term treatment outcomes with many of these medications, the 2012 publication was less prescriptive than prior consensus reports. We previously described the need to individualize both treatment targets and treatment strategies, with an emphasis on patient-centered care and shared decision making, and this continues to be our position, although there are now more head-to-head trials that show slight variance between agents with regard to glucose-lowering effects. Nevertheless, these differences are often small and would be unlikely to reflect any definite differential effect in an individual patient. The ADA and EASD have requested an update to the position statement incorporating new data from recent clinical trials. Between June and September of 2014, the Writing Group reconvened, including one face-to-face meeting, to discuss the changes. An entirely new statement was felt to be unnecessary. Instead, the group focused on those areas where revisions were suggested by a changing evidence base. This briefer article should therefore be read as an addendum to the previous full account (1,2). Glucose control remains a major focus in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes. However, this should always be in the context of a comprehensive cardiovascular risk factor reduction program, to include smoking cessation and the adoption of other healthy lifestyle habits, blood pressure control, lipid management with priority to statin medications, and, in some circumstances, antiplatelet therapy. Studies have conclusively determined that reducing hyperglycemia decreases the onset and progression of …
Application of Attitude Theory in Wildlife Management: A Critical Review of Concepts and Processes

Consistency between people’s attitudes and their subsequent behaviors is affected by different factors. This chapter reviewed relevant studies of attitudes and knowledge from applied fields of study. The authors focused on how prior relevant knowledge about an attitude object affects consistency between people’s attitudes and their behaviors. Attitudes held by people who possess high levels of knowledge of an issue tend to be better predictors of subsequent behaviors than attitudes accompanied by low levels of knowledge. There is evidence that prior knowledge moderates the relationship between attitudes and behaviors by two processes: (1) accessibility and (2) stability, or strength. Implications of knowledge about a hypothetical predator restoration are examined using an information-processing model from social psychology. Understanding the effects of knowledge for information processing is useful to wildlife managers and communica- tions experts who attempt to influence, persuade, and educate public stakeholders.
Immunoinformatic Docking Approach for the Analysis of KIR3DL1/HLA-B Interaction

KIR3DL1 is among the most interesting receptors studied, within the killer immunoglobulin receptor (KIR) family. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I Bw4 epitope inhibits strongly Natural Killer (NK) cell's activity through interaction with KIR3DL1 receptor, while Bw6 generally does not. This interaction has been indicated to play an important role in the immune control of different viral infectious diseases. However, the structural interaction between the KIR3DL1 receptor and different HLA-B alleles has been scarcely studied. To understand the complexity of KIR3DL1-HLA-B interaction, HLA-B alleles carrying Bw4/Bw6 epitope and KIR3DL1∗001 allele in presence of different peptides has been evaluated by using a structural immunoinformatic approach. Different energy minimization force fields (ff) have been tested and NOVA ff enables the successful prediction of ligand-receptor interaction. HLA-B alleles carrying Bw4 epitope present the highest capability of interaction with KIR3DL1∗001 compared to the HLA-B alleles presenting Bw6. The presence of the epitope Bw4 determines a conformational change which leads to a stronger interaction between nonpolymorphic arginine at position 79 of HLA-B and KIR3DL1∗001 136–142 loop. The data shed new light on the modalities of KIR3DL1 interaction with HLA-B alleles essential for the modulation of NK immune-mediated response.
Disseminating results to clinical trial participants: a qualitative review of patient understanding in a post-trial population

Objective To identify the most appropriate format for results dissemination to maximise understanding of trial results. Design Qualitative. Setting Of the original 58 4-T trial centres, 34 agreed to take part in this ancillary research. Participants All participants from these centres were eligible. All 343 participants were sent questionnaires. Primary and secondary outcome measures The low response rate meant that we were unable to make any firm conclusions about the patients' preferred method of dissemination; however, we were able to comment on the level of understanding demonstrated by the trial participants. Results All 40 (12%) returned questionnaires were received from 15 centres. We received no questionnaires from over half of the centres. The questionnaires which were returned demonstrated broad satisfaction with the results letter, general enthusiasm for the trial and a variable level of understanding of the results; however, there was a high proportion of responders who were not clear on why the research was undertaken or what the results meant. Conclusions The low response rate may be related to delays during the trial set-up process suggesting that interest in a study quickly wanes for both patients and centres. From this we deduce that rapid dissemination of results is needed if it is to have any impact at all. The responders are likely to reflect a biased cohort who were both enthusiastic about the research and who had a good experience during their 3 years in the 4-T trial. It is perhaps not surprising therefore that the overview is positive. That this population was still not fully informed about the purpose of the research would seem to confirm a low level of understanding among the general public which we suggest should be addressed during the consent process.
Development and fundraising practices in divisions of student affairs at 4-year, public universities

C. Carney Strange, Advisor This study surveyed 261 NASPA (National Association of Student Personnel Administrators) voting delegate SSAOs (senior student affairs officers) at 4-year, public institutions with enrollment greater than 5,000 students, in regard to the current status of their division-sponsored development and fundraising practices. A total of 111 respondents (42.5%) completed a questionnaire soliciting information about each student affairs division’s: a. ) institutional profile; b. ) preparation for development and fundraising; c. ) divisional priorities, capital campaign involvement, and fundraising success; d. ) development and fundraising practices applied; e. ) relationship to institutional advancement staff; and f. ) major challenges and needs for those involved in such efforts. Complemented by themes evident in open-ended comments, the data were presented and analyzed through application of descriptive and nonparametric statistics. In comparison to previous studies, the data revealed a significant presence in student affairs of an employed staff member responsible for development and fundraising, a range of best practices and preparation expectations, and an overall concern for the status of student affairs in the institution’s fundraising strategy. Further analysis yielded several significant differences attributed to institutional size and mission, with student affairs divisions within larger and more research-oriented institutions more developed in their advancement efforts. Several implications from the data were noted, including the need for: a. ) clearer intrainstitutional communication as to the purposes and functions of student affairs divisions; b. ) inclusion of other personnel in development and fundraising efforts; c. ) continuing support for training in development and fundraising; d. ) greater coordination of fundraising strategies; and e. ) greater attention to the particular circumstances of small institutions. Likewise, implications
Analyzing test completeness for dynamic languages

In dynamically typed programming languages, type errors can occur at runtime. Executing the test suites that often accompany programs may provide some confidence about absence of such errors, but generally without any guarantee. We present a program analysis that can check whether a test suite has sufficient coverage to prove a given type-related property, which is particularly challenging for program code with overloading and value dependent types. The analysis achieves a synergy between scalable static analysis and dynamic analysis that goes beyond what can be accomplished by the static analysis alone. Additionally, the analysis provides a new coverage adequacy metric for the completeness of a test suite regarding a family of type-related properties. Based on an implementation for Dart, we demonstrate how such a hybrid static/dynamic program analysis can be used for measuring the quality of a test suite with respect to showing absence of type errors and inferring sound call graph information, specifically for program code that is difficult to handle by traditional static analysis techniques.
OsTDL1A binds to the LRR domain of rice receptor kinase MSP1, and is required to limit sporocyte numbers

Hybrids lose heterotic yield advantage when multiplied sexually via meiosis. A potential alternative breeding system for hybrids is apospory, where female gametes develop without meiosis. Common among grasses, apospory begins in the nucellus, where aposporous initials (AIs) appear near the sexual megaspore mother cell (MeMC). The cellular origin of AIs is obscure, but one possibility, suggested by the mac1 and msp1 mutants of maize and rice, is that AIs are apomeiotic derivatives of the additional MeMCs that appear when genetic control over sporocyte numbers is relaxed. MULTIPLE SPOROCYTES1 (MSP1) encodes a leucine-rich-repeat receptor kinase, which is orthologous to EXS/EMS1 in Arabidopsis. Like mac1 and msp1, exs/ems1 mutants produce extra sporocytes in the anther instead of a tapetum, causing male sterility. This phenotype is copied in mutants of TAPETUM DETERMINANT1 (TPD1), which encodes a small protein hypothesized to be an extracellular ligand of EXS/EMS1. Here we show that rice contains two TPD1-like genes, OsTDL1A and OsTDL1B. Both are co-expressed with MSP1 in anthers during meiosis, but only OsTDL1A and MSP1 are co-expressed in the ovule. OsTDL1A binds to the leucine-rich-repeat domain of MSP1 in yeast two-hybrid assays and bimolecular fluorescence complementation in onion cells; OsTDL1B lacks this capacity. When driven by the maize Ubiquitin1 promoter, RNA interference against OsTDL1A phenocopies msp1 in the ovule but not in the anther. Thus, RNAi produces multiple MeMCs without causing male sterility. We conclude that OsTDL1A binds MSP1 in order to limit sporocyte numbers. OsTDL1A-RNAi lines may be suitable starting points for achieving synthetic apospory in rice.
Retrospective cohort study on the safety and efficacy of bevacizumab with chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer patients: the HGCSG0801 study.

OBJECTIVE After approval of bevacizumab in Japan, post-marketing surveillance studies reported on safety. However, few reports have shown the efficacy of bevacizumab as used in daily practice. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab for metastatic colorectal cancer patients in daily practice. METHODS All unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer patients who began receiving bevacizumab in participating facilities from June 2007 to October 2008 were retrospectively analyzed for safety and efficacy. Adverse events were assessed by the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Response Evaluation in Solid Tumors criteria, version 1.0, was used for the tumor response rate. RESULTS A total of 212 patients from 17 institutions were assessed. Grade 3 or higher adverse events related to bevacizumab included gastrointestinal perforation in 3, thrombosis in 7, hypertension in 30 and gastrointestinal bleeding in 2. Response rates were 62.5, 30.1 and 11.8% overall among patients receiving bevacizumab as first-, second- and third-line or greater therapy. Median progression-free survival was 14.4 [95% confidence interval (CI): 10.8-18.1], 7.8 (95% CI: 6.5-9.1) and 6.0 (95% CI: 4.6-7.3) months, and median overall survival was 32.5 (95% CI: 24.6-40.3), 16.4 (95% CI: 14.4-18.5) and 11.8 (95% CI: 8.6-15.0) months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The general cohort of patients in HGCSG0801 showed a similar efficacy and safety profile of bevacizumab as seen in clinical trials. Although the sample size was small and there were several study limitations, these results suggest that colorectal cancer patients in Japan might safely receive and benefit from bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy in daily practice, as is seen in patients in other countries.