Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relational-Interdependent Self-Construal With Supervisor (RISCS): Scale development and conditional model of meaningfulness at work.

ion and inclusion. Alternatively, the status differential between a subordinate and a supervisor involves categorization that involves a very low level of abstraction and inclusion. These two levels of abstraction and inclusion (i.e., social status differential vs. supervisor–subordinate role status differential) are expected to interact. Given the psychological benefits of status, and the inclination of individuals to utilize relational identities as a way of self-enhancement, it is theorized that lower status individuals will benefit from relational identification with higher status individuals. Proposed Conditional Model A moderated mediation effect, or conditional model, is proposed wherein communication with one’s supervisor acts as a form of social support. This form of social support has a positive impact on meaningfulness at work through relational identification with one’s supervisor. However, one’s level of social status moderates this indirect effect. As described above, positive, negative, and nonwork related communication with one’s supervisor are hypothesized to have a direct effect on both relational identification (Sluss & Ashforth, 2007; Sluss et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2013) and meaningfulness. Likewise, because work relationships are a source of meaning (Wrzesniewski et al., 2003), supervisor relational identification is hypothesized to have a direct effect on meaningfulness. Therefore, relational identification is hypothesized to mediate the relationship between supervisor communication and meaningfulness. Specifically, relational identification with one’s supervisor is hypothesized to be a way which employees enhance their meaningful experience at work. This is in accord with the theory that status is a psychological resource (Semmer, McGrath, & Beehr, 2005). Specifically, relational identification is a way in which to share in someone else’s status and enjoy similar psychosocial benefit, which includes the experience of more meaningfulness at work (Dutton et al., 1994). Finally, given that supervisor relational identification serves a meaning function for lower status individuals, then general social status should moderate this mediation effect. Specifically, the mediation effect should be weaker for individuals of higher general social status and stronger for individuals of lower social status (see Figure 1). T hi s do cu m en t is co py ri gh te d by th e A m er ic an Ps yc ho lo gi ca l A ss oc ia tio n or on e of its al lie d pu bl is he rs . T hi s ar tic le is in te nd ed so le ly fo r th e pe rs on al us e of th e in di vi du al us er an d is no t to be di ss em in at ed br oa dl y. 66 MONNOT
Persistent markups in bidding markets with financial constraints

This paper studies the impact of financial constraints on the persistency of high markups in a class of markets, including public procurement, known by practitioners as bidding markets. We develop an infinite horizon model in which two firms optimally reinvest working capital and bid for a procurement contract each period. Working capital is constrained by the firm's cash from previous period and some exogenous cash flow, it is costly and it increases the set of acceptable bids. We argue that the latter is a natural consequence of the presence of progress payments or the existence of moral hazard. We say that the firm is (severely) financially constrained if its working capital is such that only bids (substantially) above production cost are acceptable. We show that markups are positive (high) if and only if one firm is (severely) financially constrained. Our main result is that markups are persistently high because one firm is severely financially constrained most of the time.
The Relationships between Critical Thinking Skills and Learning Styles of Gifted Students.

The current study investigates the relationship between critical thinking skills and learning styles of mentally gifted students. The participants were 225 gifted students in Turkey attending Science and Art Centres which are after-school activity centres for mentally gifted students. Participants were 9 -15 years old and were attending secondary schools and high schools. The data were gathered using the Kolb Learning Style Inventory and the Critical Thinking Scale and analysed using Chi-Square, t test, ANOVA and regression analyses. The findings revealed that gender was not a significant variable for learning styles but it was a significant variable for critical thinking skills. Gifted students had high scores on the Critical Thinking scale. Relationships were also found between gifted students’ learning styles and their critical thinking skills except in the analysis dimension of the Critical Thinking scale. Gifted students who achieved the highest scores on the scale had assimilating and converging learning styles. Article visualizations:
Differential Effects of Time Constraints on Athletic Behavior and Survey Reports of Athletic Behavior

ABSTRACT Time constraints—having more to do than time to do it—can prevent us from doing everything we need and want to do. When lack of time constrains our behavior, the behavior linked to voluntary role identities (like being a member of a softball team or bowling league) may be the first to be cut. Although, as many of these role identities are socially desirable, survey respondents may still claim to have performed them. Thus, this study examines role behavior and its measurement in the face of time constraints. The athlete identity is examined as a potential casualty of the time crunch, used because it is a common, typically voluntary identity that has a relatively standard set of role behaviors (e.g., participating in sporting events, like games or matches, as an athlete). Situational constraints, namely, a lack of time, are brought into a model based on the structure posited in identity theory (Stryker [1980] 2003) to help explain variation between self-reported and actual role behavior. Thus, the current study examines the extent to which feeling pressed for time reduces actual athletic activity but fails to result in a concomitant reduction in self-reported athletic activity.
Exploring the Predictors and Outcomes of Academic Resilience among College Students

This study examines Martin’s motivation and engagement framework (2002) on academic resilience and its effects on school enjoyment, class participation, and general self-esteem. There were 487 College students enrolled in General Psychology classes who were asked to answer a 22item questionnaire based on the specifications of Martin’s model (2002). Path analysis was used to determine how well the model fits the data obtained from the sample. Results indicate that the model is not a good fit for the sample of the study. In the context of the sample at hand, Low Anxiety decreases the Academic Resilience of the learners and Control is not a significant predictor of Academic Resilience. This implies that students tend to be more resilient when they worry more about school and their fear of failure. Moreover, the extent of perceived Control they have over their learning experiences does not signify the level of their resilience when it comes to schoolwork. Consistent with literature, academic resilience predicts the desirable educational outcomes of enjoyment in school, class participation, and general self-esteem.
rehh 2.0: a reimplementation of the R package rehh to detect positive selection from haplotype structure

Identifying genomic regions with unusually high local haplotype homozygosity represents a powerful strategy to characterize candidate genes responding to natural or artificial positive selection. To that end, statistics measuring the extent of haplotype homozygosity within (e.g., EHH, iHS) and between (Rsb or XP-EHH) populations have been proposed in the literature. The rehh package for R was previously developed to facilitate genome-wide scans of selection, based on the analysis of long-range haplotypes. However, its performance wasn’t sufficient to cope with the growing size of available data sets. Here we propose a major upgrade of the rehh package, which includes an improved processing of the input files, a faster algorithm to enumerate haplotypes, as well as multi-threading. As illustrated with the analysis of large human haplotype data sets, these improvements decrease the computation time by more than an order of magnitude. This new version of rehh will thus allow performing iHS-, Rsb- or XP-EHH-based scans on large data sets. The package rehh 2.0 is available from the CRAN repository (http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rehh/index.html) together with help files and a detailed manual.
Bitter Taste Stimuli Induce Differential Neural Codes in Mouse Brain

A growing literature suggests taste stimuli commonly classified as “bitter” induce heterogeneous neural and perceptual responses. Here, the central processing of bitter stimuli was studied in mice with genetically controlled bitter taste profiles. Using these mice removed genetic heterogeneity as a factor influencing gustatory neural codes for bitter stimuli. Electrophysiological activity (spikes) was recorded from single neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius during oral delivery of taste solutions (26 total), including concentration series of the bitter tastants quinine, denatonium benzoate, cycloheximide, and sucrose octaacetate (SOA), presented to the whole mouth for 5 s. Seventy-nine neurons were sampled; in many cases multiple cells (2 to 5) were recorded from a mouse. Results showed bitter stimuli induced variable gustatory activity. For example, although some neurons responded robustly to quinine and cycloheximide, others displayed concentration-dependent activity (p<0.05) to quinine but not cycloheximide. Differential activity to bitter stimuli was observed across multiple neurons recorded from one animal in several mice. Across all cells, quinine and denatonium induced correlated spatial responses that differed (p<0.05) from those to cycloheximide and SOA. Modeling spatiotemporal neural ensemble activity revealed responses to quinine/denatonium and cycloheximide/SOA diverged during only an early, at least 1 s wide period of the taste response. Our findings highlight how temporal features of sensory processing contribute differences among bitter taste codes and build on data suggesting heterogeneity among “bitter” stimuli, data that challenge a strict monoguesia model for the bitter quality.
Population Genetics of Bowhead Whales (Balaena mysticetus) in the Western Arctic

Bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) in the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort seas experienced a severe reduction as a result of commercial whaling in the 19th century. since the cessation of commercial whaling, the population has recovered to a size that is approaching pre-whaling estimates. inupiat and yupik communities in northern and western Alaska hunt these Western Arctic (WA) bowheads along their migratory path during spring and fall. this hunting is regulated by the international Whaling Commission. Recent but preliminary analysis of available genetic data (207 whales and 10 micro- satellite markers) raised the question of the presence of multiple, genetically distinct populations within the WA bowheads. Here we re-examined this question on the basis of a study of 414 whales and 22 newly developed microsatellite loci. We identified widespread departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; however, we were unable to detect significant evidence of multiple genetic populations within the WA bowheads that could explain this Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium, particularly when compared to the strength of evidence for differentiation between WA bowheads and other populations from distant regions such as the Okhotsk sea and eastern Canada. there was conclusive evidence of genetic differentiation among the three regions. the statistical rejection of panmixia within the WA improves our understanding of bowhead whale biology, and the lack of evidence for multiple populations within the WA enables risk-averse management of aboriginal hunting of Western Arctic bowhead whales.
Prediction of Future Stock Close Price using Proposed Hybrid ANN Model of Functional Link Fuzzy Logic Neural Model (FLFNM)

In this paper, the prediction of future stock close price of SENSEX & NSE stock exchange is found using the proposed Hybrid ANN model of Functional Link Fuzzy Logic Neural Model. The historic raw data’s of SENSEX & NSE stock exchange has been pre-processed to the range of (0 to 1). After pre-processing the inputs and forwarded to functional expansion function to perform neural operation. The activation function of neuron has fuzzy sets in order to show the future close price range of SENSEX & NSE stock exchange. The model is trained with the pre-processed historic data’s of stock exchange and the prediction rate (Performance & Error rate) of the Proposed Hybrid ANN model of Functional Link Fuzzy Logic Neural Model is calculated at the testing phase using the performance metrics (MAPE & RMSE). DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/ij-ai.v1i1. 362
Suspects' consistency in statements concerning two events when different question formats are used

Lie detection research has typically focused on reports about a single event. However, in many forensic and security contexts, suspects are likely to report on several events, some of them may be untruthful. This presents interviewers with the challenge of detecting which reports are true and which are not. Varying question format in a second interview, we examined differences in liars' and truth-tellers' statement consistency about two events. One hundred and fifty participants viewed a meeting in which a noncritical and a critical event were discussed. Truth-tellers were instructed to be honest in their reports about both events, whereas liars had to lie about the critical event. In the first interview, all participants provided a free recall account. In a second interview, participants either gave another free recall account or responded to specific questions presented sequentially (concerning one event at a time) or nonsequentially (concerning both events simultaneously). Liars' accounts featured fewer repetitions than truth-tellers for both events, particularly in response to questions presented in nonsequential order. The implications for the use of this question format are discussed.
Estradiol Suppresses Glutamatergic Transmission to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons in a Model of Negative Feedback in Mice1

Abstract A surge of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release from the brain triggers the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge that causes ovulation. The GnRH surge is initiated by a switch in estradiol action from negative to positive feedback. Estradiol signals critical for the surge are likely transmitted to GnRH neurons at least in part via estradiol-sensitive afferents. Using an ovariectomized estradiol-treated (OVX++E) mouse model that exhibits daily LH surges, we examined changes in glutamate transmission to GnRH neurons during negative feedback and positive feedback. Spontaneous glutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) mediated by alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid/kainate receptors (AMPA/KA Rs) or N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) were recorded in GnRH neurons from OVX++E and OVX mice. There were no diurnal changes in the percentage of GnRH neurons from OVX mice exhibiting EPSCs. In cells from OVX++E mice, the profile of AMPA/KA R-mediated and NMDAR-mediated EPSCs showed changes dependent on time of day. Comparison of AMPA/KA R-mediated EPSC frequency in OVX++E and OVX cells showed that estradiol suppressed transmission during negative feedback but had no effect during positive feedback. Tetrodotoxin treatment to block action potential firing did not affect AMPA/KA R-mediated EPSC frequency in OVX cells during negative feedback or in OVX++E cells during positive feedback, suggesting that estradiol-induced suppression of glutamate transmission may be primarily due to activity-independent changes. The diurnal removal of estradiol-induced suppression of AMPA/KA R-mediated glutamate transmission to GnRH neurons during positive feedback suggests that the primary role for estradiol-induced changes in glutamate transmission may be in mediating negative feedback.
Limits of Knowledge and the Limited Importance of Trust

Perceived risk and related attitudes have been implicated as major factors in many of the difficult policy problems that face modern society (nuclear power, genetically modified food, etc). Experts often argue that no or very small risks are involved; people are still worried. Why? The standard answer is lack of trust. Data on trust and risk perception, however, point to only a weak relationship between the two (r approximately 0.3). It is suggested here that the reason for the surprisingly minor importance of trust is that people believe that there are clear limits to how much science and experts know. Results are presented from studies of risk perception of the public, experts, and politicians. Politicians and members of the public believe that there are many unknown effects of technology and such beliefs were strongly related to their perceived risk. Experts on nuclear waste, on the other hand, seemed to believe that little is unknown in their field of expertise. Regression analyses of risk perception showed the unknown‐effects factor to be a more important explanatory factor than trust for the public and politicians.
Searching for Significance in the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning and Finding None: Understanding Non-Significant Results

Quantitative results from empirical studies are common in the field of Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL), but it is important to remain aware of what the results from our studies can, and cannot, tell us. Oftentimes studies conducted to examine teaching and learning are constrained by class size. Small sample sizes negatively influence statistical power and make non-significant results a more likely occurrence. When one finds non-significant results it is important to consider what conclusions can be drawn from the study. This article provides information on null hypothesis significance testing that is relevant to our understanding of non-significant results, and it highlights the importance of recognizing underpowered studies in the teaching and learning literature. Factors that can contribute to non-significant findings in a study are also highlighted. Being aware of these factors, statistical power, and the logic of significance testing will put scholars in a better position to evaluate non-significant results from their own research and that of others.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL MOBILE MAPPING OF CAVES

Existing methods of cave survey are time consuming and require significantly more time than naturally moving through the cave. The efficiency of these methods, even in the case of state-of-the-art laser-scanning technology, is fundamentally limited by the requirement that measurements be taken at static locations. We present a mobile approach to cave mapping, in which a lightweight 3D laser scanner is carried by a single operator while walking, climbing, or crawling through a cave at a natural pace. The mobility of the system means that it is straightforward and efficient to generate a high-resolution 3D map consisting of millions of points in almost any environment a human can reach. We present results demonstrating the technology in two cave systems located in different parts of Australia, what we believe are the first instances of mobile LiDAR mapping being utilized in natural caves.
Partial Train Speed Trajectory Optimization Using Mixed-Integer Linear Programming

The inexorable increase in energy demand around the world has put the energy-saving technology in hot spot for railway transportation. Train speed trajectory optimization based on optimal control, coasting control, and collaborative control inside railway systems is a popular methodology to enhance energy efficiency. This paper studies a special and interesting problem, i.e., the partial train speed trajectory optimization problem, and proposes a complete mathematical model where a mixed-integer linear programming algorithm can be directly applied. During the transient operation process of a train, the speed of the train is often considered to be monotonically increasing and decreasing in normal conditions without extreme gradients. Given that, the proposed method can quickly locate the train speed profile under practical engineering constraints, and the objective function is either to maximize the regenerative braking energy or to minimize the traction energy. Such a method with a short computational time may become particularly interesting for online cases where a train is altering its speed in a fixed distance and time due to the operational requirement. The generated speed trajectory can be used to guide the train to control its speed or in a normal braking operation. The robustness and effectiveness of the method has been demonstrated through a number of detailed simulation results in this paper.
Two Comments on “Governance Indicators: Where Are We, Where Should We Be Going?” by Daniel Kaufmann and Aart Kraay

The World Bank Research Observer publishes balanced surveys of the literature. When the authors of a survey are also the proponents of one of the major indicators being surveyed, it invites comments to ensure that balance is maintained. Kaufmann and Kraay provide a useful taxonomy of governance indicators, distinguishing between those measuring “rules on the books” and “rules on the ground” and those reflecting the views of experts and the results of surveys. While providing a balanced overview of the pros and cons of different methods, they make a strong case in favor of measuring rules on the ground based on an aggregated mix of expert- and survey-based indicators, along the lines of their
Passive locomotion via normal-mode coupling in a submerged spring–mass system

The oscillations of a class of submerged mass–spring systems are examined. An inviscid fluid model is employed to show that the hydrodynamic effects couple the normal modes of these systems. This coupling of normal modes can excite the displacement mode – yielding passive locomotion of the system – even when starting with zero displacement velocity. This is in contrast with the fact that under similar initial conditions but without the hydrodynamic coupling, such systems cannot achieve a net displacement. These ideas are illustrated via two examples of a two-mass and a three-mass system.
Feasibility study of tumor morphology classification via contrast-enhanced UWB breast imaging — A pole-zero analysis

Classifying lesions by ultra-wideband (UWB) microwave imaging is challenged by the possibly low contrast in the dielectric properties of tumors and healthy breast tissues. One possible solution to this problem is to use a microwave contrast agent such as microbubbles to acquire the differential backscatter response before and after administration of the contrast medium. This eliminates the clutter interference caused by dense tissue heterogeneities. In this paper, we study a contrast-agent-aided imaging method for lesion morphology classification by analyzing the received signals in the complex domain. A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical phantom is employed to simulate electromagnetic wave propagation inside the breast and extract the reflected waveforms with and without a contrast agent in the tumor site. The complex-domain transfer function of the differential response is then used to draw the pole-zero plots (PZPs), whose patterns are dependent on the lesion morphologies. The analysis is of potential use for discrimination between benign and malignant masses, where the former usually possesses a better-defined shape as opposed to the latter.