Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Replacement Cost Valuation of Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) Subsistence Harvest in Arctic and Sub-Arctic North America

Migratory species provide economically beneficial ecosystem services to people throughout their range, yet often, information is lacking about the magnitude and spatial distribution of these benefits at regional scales. We conducted a case study for Northern Pintails (hereafter pintail) in which we quantified regional and sub-regional economic values of subsistence harvest to indigenous communities in Arctic and sub-Arctic North America. As a first step, we used the replacement cost method to quantify the cost of replacing pintail subsistence harvest with the most similar commercially available protein (chicken). For an estimated annual subsistence harvest of ˜15,000 pintail, our mean estimate of the total replacement cost was ˜$63,000 yr−1 ($2010 USD), with sub-regional values ranging from $263 yr−1 to $21,930 yr−1. Our results provide an order-of-magnitude, conservative estimate of one component of the regional ecosystem-service values of pintails, providing perspective on how spatially explicit values can inform migratory species conservation.
DECREASED BINDING OF DRUGS AND DYES TO PLASMA PROTEINS FROM RATS WITH ACUTE RENAL FAILURE: EFFECTS OF URETER LIGATION AND INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION OF GLYCEROL

1 The decreased binding of drugs and dyes to plasma proteins from male and female rats with acute renal failure has been investigated using equilibrium dialysis at 37°C. 2 Acute renal failure induced by bilateral ligation of the ureters produced a greater than threefold increase in the unbound fraction of o‐methyl red relative to normal rat plasma. Unbound dye concentration in plasma from sham‐operated control rats was also significantly increased but to a lesser extent. 3 Glycerol‐induced acute renal failure produced a significant increase in the unbound fractions of o‐methyl red, methyl orange, bromocresol green (BCG), 2‐(4′‐hydroxybenzeneazo) benzoic acid (HABA), phenytoin and salicylic acid. A marginally significant increase in unbound warfarin concentration was observed. 4 Glycerol‐induced renal failure had no effect on total plasma protein concentration and experiments with o‐methyl red and salicylic acid indicated that a direct effect of glycerol was not responsible for the diminution of binding. 5 Glycerol‐induced acute renal failure, which produced decreases in drug and dye binding similar to those reported for human uraemic plasma, provides a convenient non‐surgical animal model for the investigation of this phenomenon.
Recursive partitioning analysis of prognostic variables in newly diagnosed anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors.

BACKGROUND Anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors are rare, and median survival varies widely. Analysis of 1p19q deletion is performed commonly and is an important prognostic factor. However, age and other clinical variables also carry prognostic value, and it is unclear how to incorporate them into clinical decision making or to combine them for prognostication. METHODS We compiled a retrospective database of 1013 patients with newly diagnosed anaplastic oligodendrogliomas or oligoastrocytomas and performed a recursive partitioning analysis to generate independent prognostic classes among 587 patients with informative 1p19q status. Variables included for survival classification were age (continuous), history of prior low-grade glioma, 1p19q deletion status, histology (presence or absence of an astrocytic component), tumor lobe, tumor hemisphere, gender, extent of resection, postresection treatment, and performance status at diagnosis. RESULTS Recursive partitioning analysis identified 5 prognostic groups based on hazard similarity: class I (age <60 y, 1p19q codeleted), class II (age <43 y, not codeleted), class III (age 43-59 y, not codeleted, frontal lobe tumor or age ≥60 y, codeleted), class IV (age 43-59 y, not codeleted, not frontal lobe tumor or age 60-69 y, not codeleted), and class V (age ≥70 y, not codeleted). Survival differences were highly significant (P < .0001), with medians ranging from 9.3 years (95% CI: 8.4-16.0) for class I to 0.6 years (95% CI: 0.5-0.9) for class V. CONCLUSIONS These 5 distinct classification groups were defined using prognostic factors typically obtained during routine management of patients with anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors. Validation in a prospective clinical trial may better differentiate patients with respect to treatment outcome.
The Genetic Architecture of Hybrid Male Sterility in the Drosophila Pseudoobscura Species Group

iv List of Tables.ix List of Figures. x Acknowledgements.xi 1. The Genetics of Hybrid Male Sterility Between the Allopatric Species Pair Drosophila persimilis and D. pseudoobscura bogotana: Dominant Sterility Alleles in Collinear Autosomal Regions.1 1.
Introduction—Assessing Alternative Modes of Qualitative and Ethnographic Research: How Do We Judge? Who Judges?

Breve presentation des conditions de realisation de ce dossier thematique consacre aux modes alternatifs de la recherche qualitative, de l'ecriture et de la representation ethnographique, et des moyens d'en evaluer la qualite et la pertinence scientifique. Les contributions a ce dossier ont ete elaborees a partir d'une session des rencontres annuelles de 1999 de la Society of Symbolic Interaction (SSSI) a Chicago.
Existence of Global Weak Solutions to Some Regularized Kinetic Models for Dilute Polymers

We study the existence of global-in-time weak solutions to a coupled microscopic- macroscopic bead-spring model which arises from the kinetic theory of dilute solutions of polymeric liquids with noninteracting polymer chains. The model consists of the unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in a bounded domain Ω ⊂ R d , d = 2 or 3, for the velocity and the pressure of the fluid, with an elastic extra-stress tensor as the right-hand side in the momentum equation. The extra-stress tensor stems from the random movement of the polymer chains and is defined through the associated probability density function which satisfies a Fokker-Planck-type parabolic equation, a crucial feature of which is the presence of a center-of-mass diffusion term. The anisotropic Friedrichs mollifiers, which naturally arise in the course of the derivation of the model in the Kramers expression for the extra-stress tensor and in the drag term in the Fokker-Planck equation, are replaced by isotropic Friedrichs mollifiers. We establish the existence of global-in-time weak solutions to the model for a general class of spring-force-potentials including, in particular, the widely used finitely extensible nonlinear elastic (FENE) potential. We justify also, through a rigorous limiting process, certain classical reductions of this model appearing in the literature which exclude the center-of-mass diffusion term from the Fokker-Planck equation on the grounds that the diffusion coefficient is small relative to other coefficients featuring in the equation. In the case of a corotational drag term we perform a rigorous passage to the limit as the Friedrichs mollifiers in the Kramers expression and the drag term converge to identity operators.
Phenotype and Schooling among Mexican Americans.

The study presented here examined the effect of phenotype (both skin color and physical features) on schooling attainment among Mexican Americans with data from the 1979 National Chicano Survey. It found that the lightest skin-toned and most European-looking quarter of the Mexican American population had about 1.5 more years of schooling than the darker and more Indian-looking majority. Differences in schooling by phenotype persisted with and without controls for other factors that have also been found to affect schooling. Phenotype was especially important among cohorts educated before World War II, although it continued to be important among later cohorts. Also, it had strong effects on schooling in Texas but virtually no effects in California and strong effects for those raised in Spanish-speaking neighborhoods but insignificant effects for those raised in English-speaking neighborhoods
Antibodies to Klebsiella, Proteus, and HLA-B27 peptides in Japanese patients with ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from Japan have antibodies to Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis and to assess whether such antibodies are activated against peptides sharing sequences with HLA-B27. METHODS Serum samples from 152 Japanese patients, 52 with AS, 50 with RA, and 50 healthy controls, were tested against 3 bacteria (K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, and Escherichia coli) and 3 synthetic peptides (HLA-B27, pullulanase-D, and scrambled pullulanase-D control peptide) by ELISA under coded conditions. Samples were tested for elevations in IgG, IgA, and IgM antibody classes in patients with active AS or RA, in patients with RA with probable disease, and in patients with inactive AS. Disease activity was determined by an elevated serum C-reactive protein (> 10 mg/l) level and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (> 20 mm/h). RESULTS Patients with active AS showed specific elevations in serum IgA antibody levels against K. pneumoniae compared to patients with RA and controls (p < 0.001). No such elevation was seen in the IgG and IgM antibody classes. Patients with inactive AS showed no elevation in any class of antibody against K. pneumoniae compared to controls or patients with RA. Patients with active or probably active RA showed significant elevations in IgG antibody levels against P. mirabilis compared to AS and controls (p < 0.001). Patients with AS (active or inactive), RA (active or probably active), and controls showed no elevations in any antibody class to E. coli. Both active and inactive AS patients had specific autoantibodies against HLA-B27 peptide compared to patients with RA and controls (active AS: IgG, IgA, IgM, p < 0.001; inactive AS: IgG and IgA, p < 0.001). Patients with active AS had IgG and IgA antibodies against pullulanase-D peptide, which contains a sequence that cross reacts with HLA-B27 compared to controls (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION These results provide the first evidence of AS and RA patients in Japan having specific elevations of antibody to K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis, respectively. This suggests that K. pneumoniae in AS and P. mirabilis in RA may play a role in triggering and/or exacerbating these diseases.
Selective REM-Sleep Deprivation Does Not Diminish Emotional Memory Consolidation in Young Healthy Subjects

Sleep enhances memory consolidation and it has been hypothesized that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in particular facilitates the consolidation of emotional memory. The aim of this study was to investigate this hypothesis using selective REM-sleep deprivation. We used a recognition memory task in which participants were shown negative and neutral pictures. Participants (N = 29 healthy medical students) were separated into two groups (undisturbed sleep and selective REM-sleep deprived). Both groups also worked on the memory task in a wake condition. Recognition accuracy was significantly better for negative than for neutral stimuli and better after the sleep than the wake condition. There was, however, no difference in the recognition accuracy (neutral and emotional) between the groups. In summary, our data suggest that REM-sleep deprivation was successful and that the resulting reduction of REM-sleep had no influence on memory consolidation whatsoever.
Innovative Sales, R&D and Total Innovation Expenditures: Panel Evidence on Their Dynamics

This paper studies the dynamic relationship between input and output of innovation in Dutch manufacturing using an unbalanced panel of enterprise data from five waves of the Community Innovation Survey during 1994-2004. We estimate by maximum likelihood a dynamic panel data bivariate tobit with double-index sample selection accounting for individual effects. We find persistence of innovation input and innovation output, a lag effect of the former on the latter and a feedback effect of the latter on the former. The lag effect remains significant in the high-tech sector even after four years. Firm and industry effects are also important.
Examining mediating pathways between financial stress of mothers and fathers and problem behaviour in adolescents

Abstract In this study, we examined the association between income, financial stress, parenting stress, positive parenting, negative control and problem behaviour in adolescents to improve our understanding of how income and financial stress are associated with adolescents’ behaviour. Using the actor–partner interdependence approach, we explored the pathways within (actor) and between (partner) parents and examined whether the strength of these pathways differed between mothers and fathers. Data were drawn from 340 two-parent families with adolescents aged between 11 and 17 years old. Path analytic results indicated that the association between financial stress and adolescents’ behaviour is mediated by parenting stress and parenting. Contrary to our expectations, direct effects were found between income and negative control. Our results also suggest that financial stress affects the positive parenting of fathers more significantly than that of mothers. Besides several actor effects, partner effects were also identified between parenting stress and negative control.
Joint trajectories for social and physical aggression as predictors of adolescent maladjustment: Internalizing symptoms, rule-breaking behaviors, and borderline and narcissistic personality features

Abstract This investigation examined the relation between developmental trajectories jointly estimated for social and physical aggression and adjustment problems at age 14. Teachers provided ratings of children's social and physical aggression in Grades 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 for a sample of 255 children (131 girls, 21% African American, 52% European American, 21% Mexican American). Participants, parents, and teachers completed measures of the adolescent's adjustment to assess internalizing symptoms, rule-breaking behaviors, and borderline and narcissistic personality features. Results showed that membership in a high and rising trajectory group predicted rule-breaking behaviors and borderline personality features. Membership in a high desister group predicted internalizing symptoms, rule-breaking behaviors, and borderline and narcissistic personality features. The findings suggest that although low levels of social and physical aggression may not bode poorly for adjustment, individuals engaging in high levels of social and physical aggression in middle childhood may be at greatest risk for adolescent psychopathology, whether they increase or desist in their aggression through early adolescence.
Expression of c‐raf‐1 and A‐raf‐1 during regeneration of rat liver following surgical partial hepatectomy

The major objective of this study was to investigate the expression of members of the raf family of protooncogenes during rat liver regeneration. The steady‐state level of expression of both c‐raf‐1 and A‐raf‐1 increased three‐ to fivefold 18–24 h following partial hepatectomy, and it returned to basal levels by 72 h. Expression of c‐myc and Ha‐ras mRNA was increased at 3 and 18–24 h, respectively, confirming previous reports. Increased steady‐state levels of c‐raf‐1, A‐raf‐1, and Ha‐ras mRNA were also detected in hepatocytes isolated from rat liver 24 h after partial hepatectomy. Thus, elevated expression of the raf genes closely correlated with that of Ha‐ras, beginning at 12 h and reaching maximal levels during the first peak of DNA synthesis following partial hepatectomy.
Percutaneous Radiofrequency Coagulation of Osteoid Osteoma Compared with Operative Treatment*

Osteoid osteoma, a benign bone tumor, has traditionally been treated with operative excision. A recently developed method for percutaneous ablation of the tumor has been proposed as an alternative to operative treatment. The relative outcomes of the two approaches to treatment have not previously been compared, to our knowledge. The rates of recurrence and of persistent symptoms were compared in a consecutive series of eighty-seven patients who were managed with operative excision and thirty-eight patients who were managed with percutaneous ablation with radiofrequency. Patients who had a spinal lesion were excluded. The minimum duration of follow-up was two years. There was a recurrence, defined as the need for subsequent intervention, after operative treatment in six (9 per cent) of sixty-eight patients who had been managed for a primary lesion and in two of nineteen who had been managed for a recurrent lesion. The average length of the hospital stay was 4.7 days for the patients who had a primary lesion and 5.1 days for those who had a recurrent lesion. There was a recurrence after percutaneous treatment in four (12 per cent) of thirty-three patients who had been managed for a primary lesion and in none of five who had been managed for a recurrent lesion. The average length of the hospital stay was 0.2 day for these thirty-eight patients. With the numbers available, we could detect no significant difference between the two treatments with regard to the rate of recurrence. The rate of persistent symptoms (that is, symptoms that did not necessitate additional treatment) was greater than the rate of recurrence. According to responses to a questionnaire, eight (30 per cent) of twenty-seven patients had persistent symptoms after operative treatment and six (23 per cent) of twenty-six patients had persistent symptoms after percutaneous treatment with radiofrequency. Two patients had complications after operative excision, necessitating a total of five additional operations. There were no complications associated with the percutaneous method. The results of the present study suggest that percutaneous ablation with radiofrequency is essentially equivalent to operative excision for the treatment of an osteoid osteoma in an extremity. The percutaneous method is preferred for the treatment of extraspinal osteoid osteoma because it generally does not necessitate hospitalization, it has not been associated with complications, and it is associated with a rapid convalescence.
Nutritional and metabolic modulation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management

In this paper the perspective for nutritional modulation of systemic impairment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is discussed. Progressive weight loss is characterised by disease-specific elevated energy requirements unbalanced by dietary intake. Weight gain per se can be achieved by caloric supplementation while future studies may prove efficacy of amino acid modulation to stimulate protein synthesis and enhance muscle anabolism. Disproportionate muscle wasting resembles the cachexia syndrome as described in other chronic wasting diseases (cancer, chronic heart failure, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)). There is yet no adequate nutritional strategy available to treat cachexia in COPD. Muscle substrate metabolism has hardly been investigated, but the few data available point towards a decreased fat oxidative capacity that may show similarities with the “metabolic syndrome” as described in type II diabetes and obesity and could theoretically benefit from polyunsaturated fatty acid modulation. To adequately target the different therapeutic options, clearly more clinical (intervention) studies are needed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients that are adequately characterised by local and systemic impairment and in which molecular and metabolic markers are linked to functional outcome.
Evaluation of a Design Principle for Fostering Students’ Epistemological Views on Models and Modelling Using Authentic Practices as Contexts for Learning in Chemistry Education

Science education should foster students’ epistemological view on models and modelling consistent with formal epistemology in science and technology practices. This paper reports the application of a curriculum unit in the classroom using an authentic chemical practice, ‘Modelling drinking water treatment’, as the context for learning. An authentic practice is defined as professionals working on an issue guided by common motives and purposes, according to a similar type of procedure and applying relevant knowledge. The epistemology on models and modelling in the practice was analysed and anchored in the curriculum unit. The knowledge involved was captured in a design principle ‘content modelling’. A design principle provides heuristic guidelines to reach the intended pedagogic effects in the classroom. Throughout the field tests, research data were collected by means of classroom observations, interviews, audio‐taped discussions, completed worksheets, and written questionnaires. Students were able to evaluate the advanced model features of goodness of fit and reliability, and, to a lesser extent, validity. However, reflection on the modelling approach applied can be improved. The findings were used to reconsider the current completion of the design principle ‘content modelling’. This study contributes to the acquisition of a knowledge base concerning the use of authentic practices as contexts for learning in chemistry education as well as in science education in a broader sense.
Mapping the incidence of school dropouts: a case study of communities in Northern Ghana

This paper examines the issue of school dropout in six communities in the Savelugu‐Nanton District in the Northern Region of Ghana. The study focused on 89 children (64 boys and 25 girls) aged 7–16 years, who had dropped out of school. A snowballing sampling method was employed to recruit participants to the study. Two researchers interviewed the children using semi‐structured interview schedules over a period of three weeks. School dropouts were asked to tell their own stories about their schooling experiences and the factors which led to them leaving school. From their accounts dropping out of school appears to be the result of a series of events involving a range of interrelated factors, rather than a single factor. The complex nature of the processes leading to dropout demands input from various actors (i.e. teachers, head teachers, parent‐teacher associations, school management committees and community members) to detect and address at‐risk factors early in order to reduce the likelihood of dropout.
Antiwar Knowledge and Generalized Political Attitudes as Determinants of Attitude Toward the Kosovo War

Reviewing research on determinants of war attitudes, antiwar knowledge is identified as an underresearched predictor of attitudes toward specific wars. In this article, the joint effects of specific antiwar knowledge and generalized attitudes (militarism-pacifism, authoritarianism, and diffuse political support) on evaluation of North Atlantic Treaty Organization's military intervention in Yugoslavia are investigated in a sample of 165 German university students. While the generalized attitudes related strongly to positive evaluation of the war, antiwar knowledge related only weakly to negative war attitudes. Further analyses showed that the role of knowledge was more pronounced in individuals whose generalized attitudes predisposed them to be war critics. The findings are discussed with regard to implications for promoting more peaceful attitudes among the public. Recommendations for future studies regarding methodological variations and research questions are given.