Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RELATION BETWEEN ULTRASOUND APPEARANCE OF THE BRAIN OF VERY PRETERM INFANTS AND NEURODEVELOPMENTAL IMPARIMENT AT EIGHT YEARS

The relation between the ultrasound appearance of the brain and neurodc.velopmenial outcome aT eight years oi age was investigated in 206 infants born berwecn 1979 and 1992 at <3 3 wecks gestation (600 to ZSOOg birthweights). Only 4 prr cent of the 112 infants with normal scans at discharge from the neonatal unir developed major. disabling impairment. No signiiicant adverse effect of uncomplicated periventricular haemorrhage was detected. The probability of a major impairment in infants with ventricular dilatation or hydroccphalus was 27 per cent, and 69 per cent in those with cerebral atrophy. 4‐1 per cent of the children demonstrated significant differcnccs in their cognitive processing skills, which appeared capable of affecting learning and may possibly habc been caused by undetected hyposic‐ischaemic damage 10 callosal fibres.
Performance Analysis of MIMO MRC Systems With Feedback Delay and Channel Estimation Error

In this paper, we investigate the performance of a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) maximal ratio combining (MRC) system with feedback delay and channel estimation error. By taking these practical imperfect factors into account, we first formulate the system model and derive the moment-generating function of the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which serves as the basis for further system performance analysis. Then, we compute the probability density function (pdf) and the cumulative distribution function (cdf) of the output SNR. Furthermore, we derive the analytical expressions of the exact and approximate average symbol error rates (SERs) of the MIMO MRC system, which are used to investigate the performance loss in terms of the array gain and diversity order. Finally, computer simulations are conducted to show the efficacy of the analytical results and the effect of feedback delay and channel estimation error on the system performance.
Accidental and nonaccidental head injuries in infants: a prospective study.

OBJECT Head injury is a major cause of morbidity and death in infants, and child abuse is among its chief causes. Retinal hemorrhages (RHs) are of paramount importance for the diagnosis of child abuse; however, their sensitivity and specificity are poorly estimated. Subdural hematoma (SDH) is a common feature; however, its incidence and causative factors are poorly documented. METHODS To study the epidemiology of head injuries in infants, factors predisposing to SDH, value of RH for the diagnosis of child abuse, and prognostic factors, the authors prospectively collected data from cases of head injury in infants who were hospitalized at their institution over a 3-year period. One hundred fifty cases were collected, 57 of which were due to child abuse. This prospective study allows the comparison of clinical, radiological, and ophthalmological features in accidental and nonaccidental trauma in infants. CONCLUSIONS Subdural hematomas were significantly correlated with RH and with child abuse but not with idiopathic macrocranium. The sensitivity and specificity of RH for the diagnosis of child abuse were 75 and 93.2%, respectively. Retinal hemorrhages associated with accidental trauma were always mild, and the specificity of more severe RH for the diagnosis of child abuse was 100%. The grading of RH requires the expertise of a trained neuroophthalmologist. Child abuse was also significantly associated with antecedents of perinatal illness, absence of signs of impact, and seizures on presentation. Although child abuse represented just 38% of traumas, it was the cause of 71% of deaths and 90% of severe disability in this series. Abuse and the clinical severity on presentation were two significant and independent factors conditioning outcome.
The dl1520 Virus Is Found Preferentially in Tumor Tissue after Direct Intratumoral Injection in Oral Carcinoma

Purpose: dl1520 (also known as Onyx-015) is an E1B-deleted adenovirus designed to selectively lyse p53-deficient cancer cells. Clinical trials involving patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck have shown clinical efficacy, but no direct evidence as to the tumor or p53 selectivity of the virus was demonstrated. We wanted to determine whether dl1520 is selective for survival and replication within tumor tissue after direct injection and whether this is determined by p53 status of the tissues. We also wanted to ascertain whether the virus has any macroscopic effect on normal tissue. Experimental Design: An open-label Phase II trial was devised in which a fixed dose of the virus was administered to 15 patients via a direct intertumoral injection before surgery for untreated oral squamous cell carcinoma. The agent was also delivered into an area of adjacent normal buccal mucosa. Specimens of the excised tumor and of biopsies of the injected normal tissue were assessed for viral presence and p53 status. Results: We demonstrated that the virus replicates selectively in tumor as opposed to normal tissue after this direct injection. It was not possible to determine whether this selectivity was p53 related. It was found that dl1520 triggers an early rise in apoptosis levels in injected normal tissues. No adverse effects of viral injection were noted. Conclusions: This is the first report of injection of dl1520 into previously untreated squamous cell cancer. The data support the concept that dl1520 is replication deficient in normal, compared with cancerous, tissues and has potential as a selective anticancer agent against tumor tissues.
Blind Image Quality Assessment Based on High Order Statistics Aggregation

Blind image quality assessment (BIQA) research aims to develop a perceptual model to evaluate the quality of distorted images automatically and accurately without access to the non-distorted reference images. The state-of-the-art general purpose BIQA methods can be classified into two categories according to the types of features used. The first includes handcrafted features which rely on the statistical regularities of natural images. These, however, are not suitable for images containing text and artificial graphics. The second includes learning-based features which invariably require large codebook or supervised codebook updating procedures to obtain satisfactory performance. These are time-consuming and not applicable in practice. In this paper, we propose a novel general purpose BIQA method based on high order statistics aggregation (HOSA), requiring only a small codebook. HOSA consists of three steps. First, local normalized image patches are extracted as local features through a regular grid, and a codebook containing 100 codewords is constructed by K-means clustering. In addition to the mean of each cluster, the diagonal covariance and coskewness (i.e., dimension-wise variance and skewness) of clusters are also calculated. Second, each local feature is softly assigned to several nearest clusters and the differences of high order statistics (mean, variance and skewness) between local features and corresponding clusters are softly aggregated to build the global quality aware image representation. Finally, support vector regression is adopted to learn the mapping between perceptual features and subjective opinion scores. The proposed method has been extensively evaluated on ten image databases with both simulated and realistic image distortions, and shows highly competitive performance to the state-of-the-art BIQA methods.
Performance analysis of MIMO system with serial concatenated bit-interleaved coded modulation and linear dispersion code

The upper bound on bit error rate (BER) of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with the serial concatenated bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) and linear dispersion code (LDC) is derived in this paper. This bound is evaluated based on the expurgated bound of BICM and the approach of moment generation function (MGF). Compared with simulated performance of the 16QAM Alamouti code (AC) and optimal QPSK LDC, this bound is tight in the range of medium to high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). By utilizing the bound, we obtain the optimal choice of code rate and modulation size for fixed transmission rates in BICM-LDC MIMO system.
Risk of nephropathy after intravenous administration of contrast material: a critical literature analysis.

PURPOSE To assess the risk of nephropathy after administration of contrast material by reviewing the published literature on intravenous contrast material administration and by separating reports with appropriate control measures from those without such measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MEDLINE database was searched for articles published from October 1966 to September 2004 that contained the phrases "contrast," "contrast medium," "contrast media," or "radiocontrast" and any of the words or phrases "nephrotoxicity," "nephropathy," kidney failure," or "renal failure. " The identified publications were reviewed and limited to original clinical series. Studies were categorized according to the route of contrast material administration. Those in which an identifiable group of patients received contrast material intravenously were further evaluated to determine which studies compared results with those from a control group of patients who did not receive contrast material. RESULTS Only 40 (1.3%) of 3081 publications had patients who received contrast material intravenously. Of these, only two publications had control groups of patients who received no contrast material. The incidence of postcontrast nephropathy in these two series was not substantially different from that in the control groups. CONCLUSION Properly controlled clinical studies of intravenously administered radiographic contrast media fail to demonstrate renal damage.
Postglacial genetic differentiation of reproductive ecotypes of kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka in Okanagan Lake, British Columbia

Okanagan Lake, south‐central interior of BC, contains two reproductive ecotypes of kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka; individuals spawn in tributary streams (‘stream‐spawners’) as well as on shoreline gravel areas (‘beach‐spawners’). We tested the hypothesis that these sympatric ecotypes comprise a single panmictic population by assaying variation in morphological traits and at allozyme, mitochondrial and minisatellite DNA loci in fish collected from three stream‐spawning and two beach‐spawning sites. No morphological traits consistently distinguished the reproductive ecotypes with the exception of the number of anal fin rays which was greater in stream‐spawning kokanee. Four of 18 allozyme loci screened were polymorphic, but no significant allele frequency differences were detected among populations within ecotypes or between ecotypes. Similarly, allele frequencies at two minisatellite DNA loci were not significantly different among populations or between ecotypes. By contrast, significant differences in the frequencies of mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (mtDNA RFLP) haplotypes were detected between stream‐ and beach‐spawners, but not among populations within ecotypes. Further, two RFLPs that distinguished stream‐ and beach‐spawning adults were found in juvenile kokanee sampled from the limnetic zone of Okanagan Lake. The two mtDNA RFLPs and a d‐loop sequence variant appear to be unique to Okanagan Lake kokanee because we did not observe these haplotypes in sockeye salmon and kokanee sampled outside of Okanagan Lake. Our data suggest that: (i) there is restricted female‐mediated gene flow between stream‐ and beach‐spawning kokanee in Okanagan Lake, (ii) the forms have diverged within the lake basin since the retreat of the Wisconsinian glaciers (< ≊ 11 000 years ago), and (iii) distinct reproductive niches may promote divergence in north temperate freshwater fish faunas.
Intrinsic antiproliferative activity of the innate sensor STING in T lymphocytes

Activation of the cyclic dinucleotide sensor stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING) is critical for IFN and inflammatory gene expression during innate immune responses. However, the role of STING in adaptive immunity is still unknown. In this study, we show that STING activation reduces the proliferation of T lymphocytes. This activity was independent of TBK1 and IRF3 recruitment and of type I IFN but required a distinct C-terminal domain of STING that activates NF-&kgr;B. Inhibition of cell proliferation by STING required its relocalization to the Golgi apparatus and caused mitotic errors. T lymphocytes from patients carrying constitutive active mutations in TMEM173 encoding STING showed impaired proliferation and reduced numbers of memory cells. Endogenous STING inhibited proliferation of mouse T lymphocytes. Therefore, STING, a critical innate sensor, also functions intrinsically in cells of the adaptive immune system to inhibit proliferation.
Role-play tests for assessing social skills: are they valid? Are they useful?

A correlational study was conducted in an effort to examine the validity of brief role-play tests for assessing social skills. Thirty-nine male and 39 female undergraduate students responded to 20 role-played scenarios involving heterosocial interactions. One week later they were surreptitiuously observed while they interacted with an opposite-sex student who, in actuality, was an experimental confederate. Videotapes of the role-play test and a naturalistic interaction were subsequently rated for a variety of component responses. Correlations of responses in the two situations provided equivocal results. Role-play behavior was moderately correlated with behavior in the naturalistic situation for females, but there were few significant relationships for males. Results are discussed in terms of the validity and utility of roleplay tests, and several unresolved issues are identified. Naturalistic observation is the mode of data collection most strongly advocated by behavior therapists. However, economic and pragmatic restrictions frequently preclude the use of this approach. This is especially the case with adult outpatient clients, who typically cannot be followed and observed in vivo. As an alternative "second-best" approach, numerous analogue procedures have been developed. In general, these techniques entail replication in the laboratory or clinic of some critical part of the natural environment, with the expectation that behavior in this fabricated setting will accurately reflect in vivo functioning. Prototypic examples include the Behavioral Avoidance Test (Lang & Lazovik, 1963), in which the client confronts a phobic stimulus, and the Behavioral Assertiveness Test (Eisler, Miller, & Hersen, 1973), in which the client role plays
Establishment of new clonal pancreatic β‐cell lines (MIN6‐K) useful for study of incretin/cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling

Incretin/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling is critical for potentiation of insulin secretion. Although several cell lines of pancreatic β‐cells are currently available, there are no cell lines suitable for investigation of incretin/cAMP signaling. In the present study, we have newly established pancreatic β‐cell lines (named MIN6‐K) from the IT6 mouse, which develops insulinoma. MIN6‐K8 cells respond to both glucose and incretins, such as glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), as is the case in pancreatic islets, whereas MIN6‐K20 cells respond to glucose, but not to incretins. Despite the difference in incretin‐potentiated insulin secretion between these two cell lines, the accumulation of cAMP after stimulation of GLP‐1 is comparable in these cells. Interestingly, we also found that incretin responsiveness is drastically induced by the formation of pseudoislets from MIN6‐K20 cells to a level comparable to that of pancreatic islets. Thus, these cell lines are useful for studying incretin/cAMP signaling in β‐cells. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2010.00026.x, 2010)
Absence of IL-4 Facilitates the Development of Chronic Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis in C57BL/6 Mice1

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a T cell-dependent, Ab-mediated autoimmune disease. Ab against muscle acetylcholine receptor (AChR) cause the muscular weakness that characterizes MG and its animal model, experimental MG (EMG). EMG is induced in C57BL6 (B6) mice by three injections of Torpedo AChR (TAChR) in adjuvant. B6 mice develop anti-TAChR Ab that cross-react with mouse muscle AChR, but their CD4+ T cells do not cross-react with mouse AChR sequences. Moreover, murine EMG is not self-maintaining as is human MG, and it has limited duration. Several studies suggest that IL-4 has a protecting function in EMG. Here we show that B6 mice genetically deficient in IL-4 (IL-4−/−) develop long-lasting muscle weakness after a single immunization with TAChR. They develop chronic self-reactive Ab, and their CD4+ T cells respond not only to the TAChR and TAChR α subunit peptides, but also to several mouse AChR α subunit peptides. These results suggest that in B6 mice, regulatory mechanisms that involve IL-4 contribute to preventing the development of a chronic Ab-mediated autoimmune response to the AChR.
Reference-Aware Language Models

We propose a general class of language models that treat reference as discrete stochastic latent variables. This decision allows for the creation of entity mentions by accessing external databases of referents (required by, e.g., dialogue generation) or past internal state (required to explicitly model coreferentiality). Beyond simple copying, our coreference model can additionally refer to a referent using varied mention forms (e.g., a reference to “Jane” can be realized as “she”), a characteristic feature of reference in natural languages. Experiments on three representative applications show our model variants outperform models based on deterministic attention and standard language modeling baselines.
Root coverage with a modified laterally positioned flap combined with a subepithelial connective tissue graft in advanced recession

Purpose A laterally positioned flap (LPF) combined with a subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) is one of the conventional approaches for resolving gingival recession defects, with the advantages of flap flexibility and extended coverage of the tissue graft. However, thus far, evidence is lacking for the use of this technique for the treatment of advanced gingival recession defects. This report discusses three Miller class III cases with interproximal bone loss and wide and deep defects treated with a combination procedure of a modified laterally positioned flap (mLPF) and SCTG. Methods mLPF combined with SCTG was performed for each case. The defect size and the degree of hypersensitivity at baseline and the final appointment in each case were documented. Results The three cases had a mean initial defect of 7.7±1.5 mm and a mean residual defect of 1.7±1 mm at the 6-, 3-, and 36-month follow-up, respectively, after the root coverage surgery. The symptom of hypersensitivity was improved, and the patients were satisfied with the clinical outcomes. Conclusions The results demonstrated that the combination of mLPF with SCTG is promising for treating these advanced cases with respect to obtaining the expected root coverage with the gingival tissue. Graphical Abstract
Reaching Diverse Participants Utilizing a Diverse Delivery Infrastructure: A Replication Study

This replication study examines participant recruitment and program adoption aspects of disease self-management programs by delivery site types. Data were analyzed from 58,526 adults collected during a national dissemination of the Stanford suite of chronic disease self-management education programs spanning 45 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Participant data were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression to generate profiles by delivery site type. Profiles were created for the five leading delivery site types, which included senior centers or area agencies on aging, residential facilities, healthcare organizations, community or multi-purpose centers, and faith-based organizations. Significant variation in neighborhood characteristics (e.g., rurality, median household income, percent of the population age 65 years and older, percent of the population i.e., non-Hispanic white) and participant characteristics (e.g., age, sex, ethnicity, race, rurality) were observed by delivery site type. Study findings confirm that these evidence-based programs are capable of reaching large numbers of diverse participants through the aging services network. Given the importance of participant reach and program adoption to the success of translational research dissemination initiatives, these findings can assist program deliverers to create strategic plans to engage community partners to diversify their participant base.
A Framework for Evaluating Storage System Security

There are a variety of ways to ensure the security of data and the integrity of data transfer, depending on the set of anticipated attacks, the level of security desired by data owners, and the level of inconvenience users are willing to tolerate. Current storage systems secure data either by encrypting data on the wire, or by encrypting data on the disk. These systems seem very different, and currently there are no common parameters for comparing them. In this paper we propose a framework in which both types of systems can be evaluated along the security and performance axes. In particular, we show that all of the existing systems merely make different trade-offs along a single continuum and among a set of related security primitives. We use a trace from a time-sharing UNIX server used by a medium-sized workgroup to quantify the costs associated with each of these secure storage systems. We show that encrypt-on-disk systems offer both increased security and improved performance over encrypt-on-wire in the traced environment.
High-throughput method for comparative analysis of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis pro¢les from human fecal samples reveals signi¢cant increases in two bi¢dobacterial species after inulin-type prebiotic intake

Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) is one of the most commonly used molecular tools to study complex microbial communities. Despite its wide-spread use, meaningful interpretative analysis remains a major drawback of this method. We evaluated the combination of computer-assisted band-matching with nonparametric statistics for comparative analysis of DGGE banding patterns. Fecal samples from 17 healthy volunteers who consumed 20 g of the prebiotic compound oligofructose-enriched inulin (OF-IN) for 4 weeks were analyzed before and after treatment. DGGE ﬁngerprinting proﬁles were analyzed using BIONUMERICS software version 4.6. , which resulted in a data matrix that was used for statistical analysis. When comparing DGGE proﬁles before and after OF-IN intake with a Wilcoxon nonparametric test for paired data, two band-classes increased signiﬁcantly after OF-IN intake ( P o 0.003 and o 0.02). These two band-classes could be assigned to the species Biﬁdobacterium longum and Biﬁdobacterium adolescentis by band-sequencing analysis, and their signiﬁcant increase was quantitatively conﬁrmed with real-time PCR using species-speciﬁc primers (respectively P o 0.012 and o 0.010). Therefore, the nonparametric analysis of a data matrix obtained by computer-assisted band-matching of complex proﬁles facilitated the interpretative analysis of these proﬁles and provided an objective and high-throughput method for the detection of signiﬁcant taxonomic differences in larger numbers of complex proﬁles.