Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uniform results for Serre's theorem for elliptic curves

A celebrated theorem of Serre from 1972 asserts that if E is an elliptic curve defined over Q and without complex multiplication, then its associated mod ‘ representation is surjective for all suciently large primes ‘. In this paper we address the question of what suciently large means in Serre’s theorem. More precisely, we obtain a uniform version of Serre’s theorem for non-constant elliptic curves defined over function fields, and a uniform version of Serre’s theorem for one-parameter families of elliptic curves defined over Q.
COMPREHENSION STRATEGIES INSTRUCTION: DOES IT MAKE A DIFFERENCE?

The purpose of this research study was to determine whether students who were taught specific research‐based strategies using a transactional strategies instruction (TSI) approach (Pressley, El‐Dinary, Gaskins, Schuder, Bergman, Almasi, & Brown, 1992) would (a) improve in comprehension achievement, and (b) be more engaged during reading groups. Thirty‐two fourth graders participated in an 8‐week experiment. The treatment group was taught four comprehension strategies‐‐predicting, questioning, clarifying, and summarizing‐‐following the TSI approach. The comparison group was conducted as a traditional reading group. Qualitative and quantitative data collected include: pre/post interviews, videotaped reading sessions, response journals, and scores on the comprehension section of the California Achievement Test, pretest/Form E, and posttest/Form F. The findings favor the strategies treatment and include observations of greater focus and engagement during reading groups, improved knowledge and use of strategie.
Self-Regulated Strategy Development and Generalization Instruction: Effects on Story Writing and Personal Narratives among Students with Severe Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

The effects of Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) and generalization instruction with 3 second and third grade students with severe emotional/behavioral disorders, in one self-contained classroom were examined. The effects of the intervention on multiple measures of story writing were examined at baseline, postinstruction and maintenance. A generalization measure was administered at baseline and postinstruction to assess if the effects of the intervention would transfer to writing personal narratives. Student self-efficacy and social validity of SRSD were also investigated. At both postinstruction and maintenance, students wrote stories that were longer, contained more essential elements, and were qualitatively better than baseline stories. In addition, effects generalized to writing personal narratives, as these papers became longer, contained more essential elements, and were of overall better quality following SRSD instruction. Self-efficacy for writing improved for two of the three students. All three students reported that the strategies they learned were useful and valued their impact on their writing.
Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate-Sensitive Ca2+ Release across Nonvacuolar Membranes in Cauliflower

Previous studies have indicated that the vacuole represents the major inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3)-mobilizable Ca2+ pool in higher plants. This finding is in contrast to animal cells, in which the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane constitute the dominant InsP3-sensitive membranes. We used membrane vesicles prepared from cauliflower (Brassica oleracae L.) inflorescences that were separated on continuous sucrose gradients to demonstrate that cauliflower possesses at least two distinct membrane populations that are sensitive to InsP3. One of these membrane populations is nonvacuolar in origin and relies upon a Ca2+-ATPase to accumulate CA2+. In addition, we have shown that two polyclonal antibodies, raised against peptides corresponding to the animal type 1 InsP3 receptor, recognize immunologically related proteins in cauliflower, and that the distribution of immunoreactive proteins on a linear sucrose gradient reinforces the notion that cauliflower contains more than one membrane subtype that is sensitive to InsP3. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing an InsP3-sensitive Ca2+ store other than the vacuole in higher plant cells.
The Diabetes Visual Function Supplement Study (DiVFuSS)

Background Diabetes is known to affect visual function before onset of retinopathy (diabetic retinopathy (DR)). Protection of visual function may signal disruption of mechanisms underlying DR. Methods This was a 6-month randomised, controlled clinical trial of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes with no retinopathy or mild to moderate non-proliferative retinopathy assigned to twice daily consumption of placebo or a novel, multi-component formula containing xanthophyll pigments, antioxidants and selected botanical extracts. Measurement of contrast sensitivity, macular pigment optical density, colour discrimination, 5-2 macular threshold perimetry, Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Symptoms, foveal and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, glycohaemoglobin (HbA1c), serum lipids, 25-OH-vitamin D, tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-a) and high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) were taken at baseline and 6 months. Outcomes were assessed by differences between and within groups at baseline and at study conclusion using meand ± SDs and t tests (p<0.05) for continuous variables. Results There were no significant intergroup differences at baseline. At 6 months, subjects on active supplement compared with placebo had significantly better visual function on all measures (p values ranging from 0.008 to <0.0001), significant improvements in most serum lipids (p values ranging from 0.01 to 0.0004), hsCRP (p=0.01) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (Fisher's exact test, p=0.0024) No significant changes in retinal thickness, HbA1c, total cholesterol or TNF-α were found between the groups. Conclusions This study provides strong evidence of clinically meaningful improvements in visual function, hsCRP and peripheral neuropathy in patients with diabetes, both with and without retinopathy, and without affecting glycaemic control. Trial registration number www.ClinicalTrials. gov Identifier: NCT01646047
From the Work One Knows the Worker: A Systematic Review of the Challenges, Solutions, and Steps to Creating Synthetic Validity

Synthetic validity has been promised as the future for selection, providing an inexpensive, fast, high-quality, legally defensible, and easily administered process. Despite 50 years of development, this promise has yet to be realized. However, recent advances in areas such as validity generalization indicate that synthetic validity is technically feasible and practically achievable. Consolidating new and previous work carried out on two synthetic validity strategies, the job-requirement matrix and job component validity, we review the methodological steps required to build them and provide working examples. Although the resources required for full realization of synthetic validity are large, similar, although larger, projects have been undertaken in the past and in the present, and there is increasing infrastructure to facilitate them in the future.
Axonal loss of retinal neurons in multiple sclerosis associated with optic radiation lesions

Objective: To investigate the potential links between thinning of retinal ganglion cell axons in eyes of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) without past optic neuritis (ON) and MS-related inflammatory damage of the posterior visual pathway. Methods: Temporal retinal nerve fiber layer (tRNFL) thickness was analyzed in eyes with no history of ON (NON) from 53 patients with relapsing-remitting MS. Fifty normal age- and sex-matched controls were examined with optical coherence tomography. Low-contrast visual acuity charts were used for functional assessment of vision. The optic tract (OT) and optic radiation (OR) were identified using probabilistic tractography, and volume of T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery lesions and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) indices were measured within both structures. Cross-sectional diameter of the OT was also calculated. Results: tRNFL thickness was significantly reduced in NON eyes and was associated with reduced low-contrast visual acuity. Lesions within the OR were detected in the majority of patients. There was a significant correlation between thinning of the tRNFL and OR lesion volume (adjusted for non-OR lesion volume, age, sex, and disease duration). tRNFL thickness also correlated with OR DTI indices. No OT lesions were identified in any of the patients and no relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer loss and potential markers of OT lesions was found. Conclusion: The results demonstrate a strong tract-specific association between loss of tRNFL fibers and MS-related inflammation within OR.
A kinematic investigation of anticipatory lingual movement in acquired apraxia of speech

Background: Apraxia of speech (AOS) is considered a disorder of speech planning or programming. Evidence for this stems from perceptual, acoustic, and electropalatographic investigations of articulation in AOS that revealed a delayed onset of anticipatory vowel gestures. Articulatory prolongation and syllable segregation have been attributed to a disturbance in anticipatory coarticulation. Aims: The aim of the current study was to investigate anticipatory lingual movement for consonantal gestures in AOS, and its impact on absolute and relative speech timing. Methods & Procedures: Tongue-tip movement and tongue-to-palate contact patterns were recorded for three speakers with AOS and a concomitant aphasia (age range = 35–63 years; M = 50.67 years; SD = 14.29) and five healthy talkers (age range = 29–65 years; M = 52.6 years; SD = 14.5) during the phrases “a scarlet” and “a sergeant”, using electromagnetic articulography (EMA) (AG-200 system) and electropalatography (EPG) (Reading Electropalatograph system). Anticipatory lingual movement and speech timing were analysed during the final C1VC/C2 syllable in each of these phrases, where C represented an alveolar or postalveolar consonant. Specifically, tongue-tip displacement was calculated from the onset of release to the end of release of C1 to provide an indication of anticipatory lingual movement. With respect to speech timing, absolute (i.e., duration from time of maximum contact for C1 to time of maximum contact for C2) and relative (i.e., absolute duration expressed as a function of total syllable duration) durational measures were recorded, as was the stability of each. The results recorded for each of the participants with AOS were individually compared to those obtained by the control group. Outcomes & Results: The EMA results indicated that two participants with AOS exhibited reduced anticipatory lingual movement (i.e., greater tongue-tip displacement) during repetitions of “sergeant”; however, all speakers produced a comparable tongue-tip displacement to that produced by the control group during the release of /l/ in “scarlet”. The EPG results indicated that absolute duration was significantly prolonged during the final syllables of both stimuli for each of the apraxic speakers. Equivocal results were reported for relative timing and temporal stability. Conclusions: The results provide some preliminary evidence of reduced anticipatory lingual movement in AOS, and have demonstrated that this can have a significant impact on absolute speech timing. However, measures of relative timing were suggestive of either unimpaired or more extensive coarticulation. Additional research is required to resolve this issue.
The Development of the Brief Social Desirability Scale (BSDS)

Topic: The objective of this work is to devise a brief, practical, reliable and valid social desirability instrument for use in contexts where a short scale is useful for example in the assessment of social desirability factor in psychiatric patients. Hypothesis: Social Desirability factor which is the tendency to respond in a socially desirable manner to attitudinal questionnaires affects the validity of attitudinal questionnaires. Method & Participants: A five-item social desirability factor was devised using themes from a written record of patients’ conversation and cross-validated on 61 subjects. Reliability was computed using Cronbach Alpha method. The result is a brief reliable and valid 4-item social desirability scale. Conclusion & Significance: The Brief Social Desirability Scale (BSDS) has the advantages of brevity and practicality. It can be used before administering attitudinal surveys in order to factor in the effect of the social desirability on attitudinal questionnaires. BSDS is preferred in many test situations where the administration time is limited or subjects are unable to bear lengthy questionnaires and the related drop in reliability due to brevity of the scale remains tolerable.
Psychological well-being and day-to-day social interaction among older adults

A sample of 113 healthy older adults used a variant of the Rochester Interaction Record to describe the social interactions they had each day for two weeks. They also completed various measures of psychological well-being including life satisfaction and loneliness. A series of multilevel random coefficient analyses found that life satisfaction scores were positively related to how enjoyable interactions were, how self-assured people felt when interacting, how much control they felt they had over interactions, how responsive others were to their needs, and how socially active they were. Analyses that took participants’ marital status into account suggested, however, that interaction outcomes and life satisfaction were related only for married participants, and that these relationships were primarily due to interaction outcomes with spouses.
The effect of resin cements and primer on retentive force of zirconia copings bonded to zirconia abutments with insufficient retention

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of resin cements and primer on the retentive force of zirconia copings bonded to zirconia abutments with insufficient retention. MATERIALS AND METHODS Zirconia blocks (Lava, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) were obtained and forty sets of zirconia abutments and copings were fabricated using CAD/CAM technology. They were grouped into 4 categories as follows, depending on the types of resin cements used, and whether the primer is applied or not:Panavia F2.0 (P), Panavia F2.0 using Primer (PRIME Plus, Bisco Inc, Schaumburg, IL, USA) (PZ), Superbond C&B (S), and Superbond C&B using Primer (SZ). For each of the groups, the cementation was conducted. The specimens were kept in sterilized water (37℃) for 24 hours. Retentive forces were tested and measured, and a statistical analysis was carried out. The nature of failure was recorded. RESULTS The means and standard deviations of retentive force in Newton for each group were 265.15 ± 35.04 N (P), 318.21 ± 22.24 N (PZ), 445.13 ± 78.54 N (S) and 508.21 ± 79.48 N (SZ). Superbond C&B groups (S & SZ) showed significantly higher retentive force than Panavia F2.0 groups (P & PZ). In Panavia F2.0 groups, the use of primer was found to contribute to the increase of retentive force. On the other hand, in Superbond C&B groups, the use of primer did not influence the retention forces. Adhesive failure was observed in all groups. CONCLUSION This study suggests that cementation of the zirconia abutments and zirconia copings with Superbond C&B have a higher retentive force than Panavia F2.0. When using Panavia F2.0, the use of primer increases the retentive force.
Explaining voter turnout patterns : An information theory

Voting research is rich in empirical regularities yet a parsimonious theory of voter turnout that can match the facts has proven to be elusive. This paper argues that voter turnout patterns can be explained by extending the traditional rational voter model to include limited information. A model is presented in which utility-ma~ximizing consumers receive higher payoffs from voting the more confident they are of their vote choice. The model provides an explanation for the most important cross-sectional voter turnout patterns. In addition, it suggests a novel explanation for the post-1960 decline in U.S. participation.
Self-Attention and Reported Symptoms: Implications for Forensic Assessment

Does patient self-attention to physical and psychological symptoms compared to self-distractionresult in different clinical conclusions in forensic contexts? Participants in 2 studies were instructedeither to attend carefully to somatic symptoms and sensations (attention instructions), to tally howmany questionnaire items were related to physical versus emotional symptoms (distraction instruc-tions), or received no attentional instructions (controls). The principal findings were that physicalsymptoms and reports of anxiety and depression were greater after attention instructions than afterdistraction instructions. Insofar as assessment contexts produce differential attention to self, examin-ers are advised to use caution in drawing conclusions regarding accuracy of self-reported symptoms.
Discourse Binding: Does it Begin with Nominal Ellipsis?

"Sentences are normally not used in isolation. They are preceded and followed by other sentences, delivered either by the same speaker or writer, or by an interlocutor. Language users live by the principle that sentences in sequences belong together; that they are meaningfully connected. Language users weld sentences together into a coherent representation of discourse. Coherence is a cognitive state; it is not ‘in’ the language, although sentences may contain devices that help the perceiver in creating it. Sanders, Spooren and Noordman (1992) distinguish between relational coherence, denoting the semantic or logical relations between discourse segments, and referential coherence, having to do with repeated reference to the same entities or events. Relational coherence can be cued by connectives; anaphora is the primary device for referential coherence. Inferencing is a third major mechanism in creating coherence"
OPTICS: ordering points to identify the clustering structure

Cluster analysis is a primary method for database mining. It is either used as a stand-alone tool to get insight into the distribution of a data set, e.g. to focus further analysis and data processing, or as a preprocessing step for other algorithms operating on the detected clusters. Almost all of the well-known clustering algorithms require input parameters which are hard to determine but have a significant influence on the clustering result. Furthermore, for many real-data sets there does not even exist a global parameter setting for which the result of the clustering algorithm describes the intrinsic clustering structure accurately. We introduce a new algorithm for the purpose of cluster analysis which does not produce a clustering of a data set explicitly; but instead creates an augmented ordering of the database representing its density-based clustering structure. This cluster-ordering contains information which is equivalent to the density-based clusterings corresponding to a broad range of parameter settings. It is a versatile basis for both automatic and interactive cluster analysis. We show how to automatically and efficiently extract not only 'traditional' clustering information (e.g. representative points, arbitrary shaped clusters), but also the intrinsic clustering structure. For medium sized data sets, the cluster-ordering can be represented graphically and for very large data sets, we introduce an appropriate visualization technique. Both are suitable for interactive exploration of the intrinsic clustering structure offering additional insights into the distribution and correlation of the data.
Can Currency Competition Work?

Can competition among privately issued fiat currencies such as Bitcoin or Ethereum work? Only sometimes. To show this, we build a model of competition among privately issued fiat currencies. We modify the current workhorse of monetary economics, the Lagos-Wright environment, by including entrepreneurs who can issue their own fiat currencies in order to maximize their utility. Otherwise, the model is standard. We show that there exists an equilibrium in which price stability is consistent with competing private monies, but also that there exists a continuum of equilibrium trajectories with the property that the value of private currencies monotonically converges to zero. These latter equilibria disappear, however, when we introduce productive capital. We also investigate the properties of hybrid monetary arrangements with private and government monies, of automata issuing money, and the role of network effects.
Screening for celiac disease in children with type 1 diabetes: two views of the controversy.

Celiac sprue is a chronic intestinal disorder caused by hypersensitivity to prolamins, the glutamine- and proline-rich gluten proteins contained in wheat, rye, and barley. Genetically predisposed subjects who ingest cereal proteins develop an inflammatory enteropathy characterized by proliferation of intraepithelial lymphocytes, crypt hyperplasia, and partial or complete atrophy of small intestinal villi. The inflammatory response is induced by cross-linking and transamidation of gluten peptides by tissue transglutaminase, an enzyme localized to the connective tissue (lamina propria or endomysium) underlying the epithelial cells of the small intestine. Posttranslational modification of gluten enhances its uptake by dendritic cells and its binding to HLA-DQ2 and DQ-8, which induce T-cell activation and cytokine release (1,2). The resulting inflammation is accompanied by development of circulating antibodies to transglutaminase and to the endomysium. Inflammatory denudation of the villous surface gives rise to malabsorption of foodstuffs, folate, fat-soluble vitamins, and iron. Young children with classical symptomatic celiac disease may present with diarrhea and growth failure, muscle wasting, hypotonia, pallor, edema, anemia, and in some cases, rickets. Older children and adults with classical celiac disease may have episodic diarrhea, steatorrhea, weight loss, and osteoporosis, and the risk of gastrointestinal malignancy is increased (3–7). However, many children and adults with celiac disease have nonclassical forms of the illness. So-called silent celiac disease refers to partial or complete villous atrophy in a seropositive patient who has no gastrointestinal or extra-intestinal complications. Subclinical celiac disease refers to villous atrophy in a seropositive patient who has extra-intestinal complications but few or no gastrointestinal complaints. Extra-intestinal maladies associated with celiac disease may include anovulation, infertility and miscarriage, neurologic disorders and epilepsy, and hepatocellular dysfunction. Studies in Western Europe, North America, and Australia indicate that the prevalence of celiac disease among children and adults with type 1 diabetes (mean 4.1%, …