Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acoustic-Emergent Phonology in the Amplitude Envelope of Child-Directed Speech

When acquiring language, young children may use acoustic spectro-temporal patterns in speech to derive phonological units in spoken language (e.g., prosodic stress patterns, syllables, phonemes). Children appear to learn acoustic-phonological mappings rapidly, without direct instruction, yet the underlying developmental mechanisms remain unclear. Across different languages, a relationship between amplitude envelope sensitivity and phonological development has been found, suggesting that children may make use of amplitude modulation (AM) patterns within the envelope to develop a phonological system. Here we present the Spectral Amplitude Modulation Phase Hierarchy (S-AMPH) model, a set of algorithms for deriving the dominant AM patterns in child-directed speech (CDS). Using Principal Components Analysis, we show that rhythmic CDS contains an AM hierarchy comprising 3 core modulation timescales. These timescales correspond to key phonological units: prosodic stress (Stress AM, ~2 Hz), syllables (Syllable AM, ~5 Hz) and onset-rime units (Phoneme AM, ~20 Hz). We argue that these AM patterns could in principle be used by naïve listeners to compute acoustic-phonological mappings without lexical knowledge. We then demonstrate that the modulation statistics within this AM hierarchy indeed parse the speech signal into a primitive hierarchically-organised phonological system comprising stress feet (proto-words), syllables and onset-rime units. We apply the S-AMPH model to two other CDS corpora, one spontaneous and one deliberately-timed. The model accurately identified 72–82% (freely-read CDS) and 90–98% (rhythmically-regular CDS) stress patterns, syllables and onset-rime units. This in-principle demonstration that primitive phonology can be extracted from speech AMs is termed Acoustic-Emergent Phonology (AEP) theory. AEP theory provides a set of methods for examining how early phonological development is shaped by the temporal modulation structure of speech across languages. The S-AMPH model reveals a crucial developmental role for stress feet (AMs ~2 Hz). Stress feet underpin different linguistic rhythm typologies, and speech rhythm underpins language acquisition by infants in all languages.
Making Locally Optimal Decisions on Graphs with Cycles

We present two new algorithms, LCM and IBFS, that make locally optimal incre-mental planning decisions for the task of nding a path to a goal state in a problem space that contains cycles. Earlier work (RTA* 10]) only solves this locally optimal decision problem when the problem space is tree structured. We precisely characterize the time and space complexity of both new algorithms, and show that they are asymptotically optimal. In addition, we present empirical evidence for a variety of maze problem spaces which shows that LCM and IBFS consistently produce shorter solutions than RTA*, and that the average computation cost of IBFS and LCM grows only slowly with the size of the problem. Finally, we show that as the lookahead depth increases, both algorithms require less computation per move decision than RTA*. An earlier version of this paper appeared in 15].
Suicide following an infestation of bed bugs

Patient: Male, 62 Final Diagnosis: Bipolar disorder Symptoms: Bordeline personality disorder Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Bed bug infestation Specialty: Psychiatry Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: In the past decade, bed bug infestations have been increasingly common in high income countries. Psychological consequences of these infestations are rarely examined in the scientific literature. Case Report: We present a case, based on a coroner’s investigation report, of a woman with previous psychiatric morbidity who jumped to her death following repeated bed bug infestations in her apartment. Our case report shows that the bed bug infestations were the likely trigger for the onset a negative psychological state that ultimately led to suicide. Conclusions: Given the recent surge in infestations, rapid action needs to be taken not only in an attempt to control and eradicate the bed bugs but also to adequately care for those infested by bed bugs.
Akt and mitogen‐activated protein kinase enhance C‐type lectin‐like receptor 2‐mediated platelet activation by inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3α/β

The C‐type lectin‐like receptor 2 (CLEC‐2) and the collagen receptor glycoprotein (GP)VI activate platelets through Src and Syk tyrosine kinases, and phospholipase Cγ2. The initial events in the two signaling cascades, however, are distinct, and there are quantitative differences in the roles of proteins downstream of Syk activation. The activation of Akt and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) has been shown to enhance platelet activation by GPVI, but their role in CLEC‐2 signaling is not known.
The Antecedents of Customer Loyalty: An Empirical Investigation in Life Insurance Context

The present paper seeks to offer the most decipherable and widely applicable antecedents of customer loyalty. It explores the extant literature on customer loyalty and brings out seven variables which are responsible for formation of customer loyalty. Further, the relative importance of these variables has been ascertained through Multiple Regression Analysis which revealed that service quality and commitment are the strongest predictors of customer loyalty in the Indian life insurance industry. The paper also attempts to assess the loyalty status of life insurance customers in India and draw a comparison between public and private sector life insurance companies in order to provide significant insights to the life insurance companies that may assist them in devising better loyalty practices. The findings suggest that Indian customers do care about the public sector status of a financial service provider as it entails a sense of security and stability and thus creates a difference between customer loyalty of public sector life insurer and that of private sector life insurer. The paper holds significant implications for academicians interested in dynamics of customer loyalty as well as the marketers of life insurance services who are concerned with customer relationships.
**title** Asp Conference Series, Vol. **volume***, **year of Publication** **names of Editors** Optical and Nir Monitoring of the Grb020405 Afterglow

Optical and near-infrared (NIR) observations of GRB020405 started about 1 day after the GRB and extended over ∼70 days. Pho-tometry shows that the early decay is consistent with a single power law of index α = 1.54±0.06 in all bands. The late epoch light curves, sampled with HST and VLT, exhibit a plateau or slight rebrightening around 10-20 days after the GRB. This bump can be modeled with a SN2002ap template underlying the afterglow. Alternatively, the late-epoch data can also be fitted using a power law with index steeper (α ′ = 1.85±0.15) than that of the early decay phase, in agreement with a late shell collision interpretation. Spectroscopy indicates that the GRB is at z = 0.691 and that the host galaxy complex is angularly close to a system of at least two galaxies at z = 0.472. R-band polarimetry shows that the afterglow is polarized, with P = 1.5±0.4 % and polarization angle θ = 172 • ±8 • .
β–radioactive cosmic rays in a diffusion model: Test for a local bubble?

In a previous analysis, Maurin et al. (2001) have constrained several parameters of the cosmic ray diusive propagation (the diusion coecient normalization K0 and its spectral index , the halo half-thickness L ,t he Alfv en velocity Va, and the galactic wind Vc) using stable nuclei. In a second paper (Donato et al. 2002), these parameters were shown to reproduce the observed antiproton spectrum with no further adjustment. In the present paper, we extend the analysis to the -radioactive nuclei 10 Be, 26 Al and 36 Cl. These species will be shown to be particularly sensitive to the properties of the local interstellar medium (lism). As studies of the lism suggest that we live in an underdense bubble of extentrhole 50{200 pc, this local feature must be taken into account. We present a modied version of our diusion model which describes the underdensity as a hole in the galactic disc; we believe some of the formul presented here are new. It is found that the presence of the bubble leads to a decrease in the radioactive fluxes which can be approximated by a simple factor exp( rhole=lrad )w herelrad = p K0 is the typical distance travelled by a radioactive nucleus before it decays. We nd that each of the radioactive nuclei independently points towards a bubble of radius 100 pc. If these nuclei are considered simultaneously, only models with a bubble radius rhole 60{100 pc are marginally consistent with data. In particular, the standard caserhole = 0 pc is disfavored. Our main concern is about the consistency of the currently available data, especially 26 Al/ 27 Al.
Toward a task analysis of assertive behavior.

The present stud)' analyzed the components of assertive behavior. Asscrtiveness problems were conceptualized in terms of a task analysis of the topography of competent responding. One hundred one subjects who spanned the range of assertivcncss, measured by McFall's Conflict Resolution Inventory, responded to three sets of situations requiring refusal of an unreasonable request. Content knowledge of an assertive response, delivery of the response under two conditions, heart rate, sclf-perccivcd tension, and the incidence of positive and negative self-statements were assessed. Differences on these variables between low-, moderate-, and high-assertive groups were analyzed to determine the nature of the response deficit in nonassertivc subjects. Low-assertive subjects differed from moderateand high-assertive subjects on a role-playing assessment requiring them to deliver an assertive response, but they did not differ from moderateand high-assertive subjects on their knowledge of a competent response or on hypothetical delivery situations. No significant differences in heart rate were observed between low-, moderateand high-assertive subjects; however, higher self-perceived tension was found in lowcompared to moderate and high-assertive subjects. A greater number of negative and fewer positive self-statements were reported by lowcompared to moderateand high-assertive subjects. The present behavior task analysis study is recommended as a clinical assessment study preliminary to investigations comparing behavior change interventions.
Post-transcriptional regulation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase gene expression in rat tissues.

We have isolated and identified cDNA clones containing part of the coding sequence for rat glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (GAPDH, E.C. 1.2.1.12). By using one of these clones as a probe, we have shown that: i) the abundance of GAPDH mRNA is different in various tissues of the adult rat and in good correlation with the abundance of the enzyme; ii) the transcription rates are quite similar in all tissues tested. We therefore conclude that the tissue-specific differential GAPDH gene expression is regulated by adjusting the abundance of its mRNA at the post-transcriptional level.
Chemical speciation and toxicity of metals assessed by three bioluminescence‐based assays using marine organisms

Metal toxicity is a function of the biology of the target organism and the chemical speciation of the metal. The toxicity of 11 metals was assessed with three cell‐based bioassays based on marine organisms: the bacterium Photobacterium phosphoreum of the Microtox® bioassay, an environmental strain of P. phosphoreum, and photocytes isolated from the brittlestar Ophiopsila californica. Metal speciation was calculated for three commonly used media: NaCl‐based Microtox® bioassay medium, artificial seawater glycerol, and artificial seawater. Decreased bioluminescence was considered a proxy for cell toxicity. In all three assays the elements Cd and Hg exhibited similar speciation as well as similar toxicity profiles. The element Cu was toxic in all three assays despite different metal speciation for the P. phosphoreum bioassay. The element Ag was toxic to both bacterial strains but not to photocytes despite a similar chemical speciation for all three assays. In general, the Microtox® bioassay was sensitive to all metals (except Pb), whereas the photocytes were the least sensitive to the metals. The heightened response of the Microtox® bioassay probably resulted from a combination of the limited complexing power of the medium and the greater sensitivity of the bacterial strain. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 19: 161–178, 2004.
A Steady State of CD4+ T Cell Memory Maturation and Activation Is Established during Primary Subtype C HIV-1 Infection

The functional integrity of CD4+ T cells is crucial for well-orchestrated immunity and control of HIV-1 infection, but their selective depletion during infection creates a paradox for understanding a protective response. We used multiparameter flow cytometry to measure activation, memory maturation, and multiple functions of total and Ag-specific CD4+ T cells in 14 HIV-1– and CMV- coinfected individuals at 3 and 12 mo post HIV-1 infection. Primary HIV-1 infection was characterized by elevated levels of CD38, HLA-DR, and Ki67 in total memory and Gag-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In both HIV-infected and 15 uninfected controls, the frequency of activated cells was uniformly distributed among early differentiated (ED; CD45RO+CD27+), late differentiated (CD45RO+CD27−), and fully differentiated effector (CD45RO−CD27−) memory CD4+ T cells. In HIV-1–infected individuals, activated CD4+ T cells significantly correlated with viremia at 3 mo postinfection (r = 0.79, p = 0.0007) and also harbored more gag provirus DNA copies than nonactivated cells (p = 0.04). Moreover, Gag-specific ED CD4+ T cells inversely associated with plasma viral load (r = −0.87, p < 0.0001). Overall, we show that low copy numbers of gag provirus and plasma RNA copies associated with low CD4 activation as well as accumulation of ED HIV-specific CD4+ memory. Significant positive correlations between 3 and 12 mo activation and memory events highlighted that a steady state of CD4+ T cell activation and memory maturation was established during primary infection and that these cells were unlikely to be involved in influencing the course of viremia in the first 12 mo of HIV-1 infection.
A Forward Phenotypically Driven Unbiased Genetic Analysis of Host Genes That Moderate Herpes Simplex Virus Virulence and Stromal Keratitis in Mice

Both viral and host genetics affect the outcome of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in humans and experimental models. Little is known about specific host gene variants and molecular networks that influence herpetic disease progression, severity, and episodic reactivation. To identify such host gene variants we have initiated a forward genetic analysis using the expanded family of BXD strains, all derived from crosses between C57BL/6J and DBA/2J strains of mice. One parent is highly resistant and one highly susceptible to HSV-1. Both strains have also been fully sequenced, greatly facilitating the search for genetic modifiers that contribute to differences in HSV-1 infection. We monitored diverse disease phenotypes following infection with HSV-1 strain 17syn+ including percent mortality (herpes simplex encephalitis, HSE), body weight loss, severity of herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK), spleen weight, serum neutralizing antibody titers, and viral titers in tear films in BXD strains. A significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome (Chr) 16 was found to associate with both percent mortality and HSK severity. Importantly, this QTL maps close to a human QTL and the gene proposed to be associated with the frequency of recurrent herpetic labialis (cold sores). This suggests that a single host locus may influence these seemingly diverse HSV-1 pathogenic phenotypes by as yet unknown mechanisms. Additional suggestive QTLs for percent mortality were identified—one on Chr X that is epistatically associated with that on Chr 16. As would be anticipated the Chr 16 QTL also modulated weight loss, reaching significance in females. A second significant QTL for maximum weight loss in male and female mice was mapped to Chr 12. To our knowledge this is the first report of a host genetic locus that modulates the severity of both herpetic disease in the nervous system and herpetic stromal keratitis.
Relationships among Maternal Emotion-related Socialization, Depressive Symptoms and Child Emotion Regulation: Child Emotionality as a Moderator

ii Vita . iii List of Tables . v List of Figures . vi Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Chapter 2: Method . 15 Chapter 3: Results . 23 Chapter 4: Discussion . 28 References . 36 Appendix: Tables and Figures. 41
Trend Analysis and Issue Prediction in Large-Scale Open Source Systems

Effort to evolve and maintain a software system is likely to vary depending on the amount and frequency of change requests. This paper proposes to model change requests as time series and to rely on time series mathematical framework to analyze and model them. In particular, this paper focuses on the number of new change requests per KLOC and per unit of time. Time series can have a two-fold application: they can be used to forecast future values and to identify trends. Increasing trends can indicate an increase in customer requests for new features or a decrease in the software system quality. A decreasing trend can indicate application stability and maturity, but also a reduced popularity and adoption. The paper reports case studies over about five years for three large open source applications: Eclipse, Mozilla and JBoss. The case studies show the capability of time series to model change request density and provide empirical evidence of an increasing trend in newly opened change requests in the JBoss application framework.
PERCEPÇÃO DO ESTIGMA E REPERCUSSÕES SOCIAIS EM INDIVÍDUOS COM HANSENÍASE

The individuals with Hansen’s disease experience situations of prejudice that, together with stigma and discrimination, culminate in social isolation and restrictions in social relationships. This study aimed to evaluate the perception of stigma in individuals with Hansen’s disease and its social repercussions. It was configured as a qualitative study, by means of semi-structured interviews with 20 users registered to chemotherapy treatment in reference units of Zona da Mata Mineira, in the first half of 2014. The analysis was performed through content analysis and the following categories were defined: Lack of knowledge about the disease; Diagnosis and cure; Discrimination and fear; Concealment of the disease; Social support; and Bond and social participation. Lack of knowledge about the disease interferes with the individual’s ability to cope with it, and coupled with fear of discrimination, it was enough for them to conceal their diagnosis from others. Thus, it was not possible to notice any changes in their social bonds. The different emotional reactions at the moment of diagnosis stood out, in addition to the emphasis on healing given by respondents. In this study, it became clear that the concealment of the disease and the social support acted as protective factors that prevented moments of discrimination and restriction in social participation.
Cultural Heritage (Patrimony): An Introduction.

Cultural heritage is important because it strongly influences our sense of identity, our loyalties, and our behavior. Memory institutions (archives, libraries, museums, schools, and historic sites) have a responsibility for preserving and interpreting the cultural record, so there are practical reasons to study cultural heritage. Attention to cultural heritage leads to wider awareness of the complexity and cultural bases of archives, libraries, and museums. Specialized terms are explained. The role of time is discussed and the past, history, and heritage are distinguished. Cultural heritage has some specialized legal and economic consequences and is deeply associated with much of the conflict and destruction in the world.
Study the Role of Mangers' Irrational Beliefs on Employees' Job Burnout

This research aims to investigate the effect of mangers' irrational beliefs on employees' job burnout at Tabriz Islamic Azad University in 2012. This study is a descriptive correlation and applied research. The statistical population consists of 430 managers and employees. The data were collected by questionnaire of irrational beliefs based on theories developed by Albert Ellis and the Maslach Burnout Questionnaire (MBI). In the present study, the validity of variables questions in both questionnaires was measured by the content validity and the reliability of the questionnaires was tested based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient and it was achieved % 87 for the managers' irrational beliefs questionnaire and it was %91 for employee burnout inventory . The results show that each irrational belief of demand for approval, high self expectation ,blame proneness, frustration reactive ,anxious over concern, problem avoidance ,dependency ,helplessness for change and perfectionism influence on job burnout . Also, level of mangers irrational beliefs and employees' burnout is not different according to gender ,level of studies and records. Finally, the best predictor is frustration reactive (0.31) that could predict %31 of job burnout . Then demand for approval (0.18) could predict %18 of the job burnout. The emotional indifference (0.16) predicts %16 of job burnout, blame proneness (0.14) predicts %14 of job burnout, dependency (0.09) predicts %9 of job burnout, problem avoidance (0.08) predicts %8 of job burnout, perfectionism (0.078) predicts % 78 of job burnout, helplessness for change (0.04) predicts %4 of job burnout, high self expectation (0.03) predicts %3 of job burnout and anxious over concern (0.01) predicts %1 of job burnout.