Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OPTIMIZING THE PACKING BEHAVIOR OF LAYERED PERMUTATION PATTERNS

A mold apparatus for producing a synthetic resin foam part has a mold assembly (1) comprising a lower mold (2), an upper mold (3) removably attached to the lower mold to define a closed space, and an insert (4) removably disposed in the closed space. The insert has a partition (6) which is faced to the upper mold through a gap (11). The partition defines a chamber (7) between the insert and the upper mold. The closed space excluding the chamber constitutes a cavity (8) into which a molding compound is introduced. A pressure regulator means (21) is provided for exhausting air from the chamber (7) to keep the chamber in a subatmospheric pressure whereby air in the cavity (8) is also exhausted through the gap. A foam part is produced by feeding a synthetic resin blow molding compound into the cavity (8) under atmospheric pressure, tightly closing the mold assembly, exhausting air from the chamber and from the cavity through the gap to establish a subatmospheric pressure in the cavity, and causing the molding compound to be blow molded.
Short-Term High-Intensity Interval Training on Body Composition and Blood Glucose in Overweight and Obese Young Women

This study was to determine the effects of five-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, blood glucose, and relevant systemic hormones when compared to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in overweight and obese young women. Methods. Eighteen subjects completed 20 sessions of HIIT or MICT for five weeks. HIIT involved 60 × 8 s cycling at ~90% of peak oxygen consumption (V˙O2peak) interspersed with 12 s recovery, whereas MICT involved 40-minute continuous cycling at 65% of V˙O2peak. V˙O2peak, body composition, blood glucose, and fasting serum hormones, including leptin, growth hormone, testosterone, cortisol, and fibroblast growth factor 21, were measured before and after training. Results. Both exercise groups achieved significant improvements in V˙O2peak (+7.9% in HIIT versus +11.7% in MICT) and peak power output (+13.8% in HIIT versus +21.9% in MICT) despite no training effects on body composition or the relevant systemic hormones. Blood glucose tended to be decreased after the intervention (p = 0.062). The rating of perceived exertion in MICT was higher than that in HIIT (p = 0.042). Conclusion. Compared with MICT, short-term HIIT is more time-efficient and is perceived as being easier for improving cardiorespiratory fitness and fasting blood glucose for overweight and obese young women.
A study of the enablers of non-sequential internationalization process among small and medium-sized firms

The question addressed in this paper is: Is non-sequential internationalization process solely technology enabled or a product of mutually interdependent forces? It is shown in this paper that even though the sequential approach in the process model is intuitively appealing, not all firms follow such a path. This void is filled by explaining how the international market entry process has changed with respect to the sequential approach. Data collection entails 60 Swedish SMEs operating in other countries and foreign SMEs operating in Sweden that tends not to develop in incremental stages with respect to their international. Findings include: that the sequential model is by no means reflective of, or appropriate for all firms’ approaches to international business; the usefulness gained by using an international relationship approach to study the international activity of a firm; and the interplay between the identified driving forces behind a non-sequential internationalization process. Knowledge acquired from the empirical study is used to develop an integrated framework which aptly depicts that non-sequential internationalization process is not solely enabled by technology, as commonly envisaged in literature, but a product of mutually interdependent forces. Implications include: all firms are exposed to irrecoverable transaction costs that hamper their behaviours and complicate export supply responses in international markets. However, the magnitude of the costs and speed of internationalization is dependent on the ability of the firms to take advantage of the enablers of non-sequential internationalization pattern. This is particularly important for firms to and from developing countries and emerging markets and their propensities to succeed in their internationalization endeavours.
Genotypes, mutations, and viral load of hepatitis B virus and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. Ten HBV genotypes (A-J) have been discovered so far. Genotypes B and C are endemic in East and Southeast Asia. Genotype C HBV is associated with increased risks of cirrhosis and HCC. Genotype B (B2) is associated with the development of HCC in non-cirrhotic patients younger than 50 years and with relapse of HCC after surgical treatment. It is also associated with earlier hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion than genotype C. High HBV load is independently associated with the occurrence and post-treatment recurrence of HCC. Different genotypes have distinct patterns of mutations. Viral mutations in the core promoter region and in the preS region are frequently found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of HCC. These mutations often occur before the onset of HCC and accumulate during the progression of chronic HBV infection. Multiple such mutations are more frequent in patients with HCC and are specific for HCC. HBV subgenotypes, viral mutations, and viral load can be used for the prediction of HCC. Early identification of HBV-infected individuals who will eventually develop HCC will help to develop active prophylactic protocols to reduce or delay the occurrence of HCC.
PSYCHOSOCIAL IMPLICATIONS FOR STUDENTS WITH LEARNING DISABILITES

i AKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my family because they have always supported me. A big thank you to my husband for supporting and always encouraging me. I will forever be thankful for all of you. I want to thank the support from faculty especially Dr. Upton for being a guide and helping me throughout my stay in the Rehabilitation Department. Without Dr. Upton, my stay at SIUC would not have been what it was. I am forever grateful.
Sparsity and smoothness via the fused lasso

Summary. The lasso penalizes a least squares regression by the sum of the absolute values (L1‐norm) of the coefficients. The form of this penalty encourages sparse solutions (with many coefficients equal to 0). We propose the ‘fused lasso’, a generalization that is designed for problems with features that can be ordered in some meaningful way. The fused lasso penalizes the L1‐norm of both the coefficients and their successive differences. Thus it encourages sparsity of the coefficients and also sparsity of their differences—i.e. local constancy of the coefficient profile. The fused lasso is especially useful when the number of features p is much greater than N, the sample size. The technique is also extended to the ‘hinge’ loss function that underlies the support vector classifier. We illustrate the methods on examples from protein mass spectroscopy and gene expression data.
Delirium superimposed on dementia in a community-dwelling managed care population: a 3-year retrospective study of occurrence, costs, and utilization.

BACKGROUND Dementia is a growing public health problem and a well-described risk factor for delirium. Yet little is known about delirium superimposed on dementia in community-dwelling populations. The purpose of this study was to examine the 3-year occurrence, healthcare utilization, and costs associated with delirium superimposed on dementia in community-dwelling persons. METHODS We used a 3-year cross-sectional, retrospective design with an administrative database from a large managed care organization. Four individually matched samples of 699 individuals each were selected for comparison purposes: delirium superimposed on dementia (DSD), dementia alone, delirium alone, and a control group with neither delirium nor dementia. The occurrence rate of DSD was calculated by measuring those individuals with a dementia diagnosis that were also coded with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition Clinical Modification (ICD-9 CM) code for delirium or delirium with dementia. RESULTS Of the total sample of 76,688 persons aged 65 years or older in the managed care organization, 7347 (10%) were coded as having dementia, and an additional 763 (1%) as having delirium alone. Among the 7347 with dementia, 976 (13%) had DSD, representing 1.3% of the total sample. After log transformation of total costs and adjustment for multiple covariates, the adjusted mean total health care costs remained significantly higher for the DSD group than for all other groups. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to report the occurrence rate of DSD in a community-dwelling population, and to demonstrate the substantial health care costs and utilization associated with DSD.
Implicit memory for object locations depends on reactivation of encoding‐related brain regions

This study explored the correspondence between implicit memory and the reactivation of encoding‐related brain regions. By using a classification method, we examined whether reactivation reflects only the similarities between study and test or voxels at the reactivated regions are diagnostic of facilitation in the implicit memory task. A simple detection task served as incidental encoding of object–location pairings. A subsequent visual search task served as the indirect (implicit) test of memory. Subjects did not know that their memory would be tested. Half of the subjects were unaware that some stimuli in the search task are the same as those that had appeared during the detection task. Another group of subjects was made aware of this relationship at the onset of the visual search task. Memory performance was superior for the study‐test aware, compared to study‐test unaware, subjects. Brain reactivation was calculated using a conjunction analysis implemented through overlaying the neural activity at encoding and testing. The conjunction analysis revealed that implicit memory in both groups of subjects was associated with reactivation of parietal and occipital brain regions. We were able to classify study‐test aware and study‐test unaware subjects based on the per‐voxel reactivation values representing the neural dynamics between encoding and test. The classification results indicate that neural dynamics between encoding and test accounts for the differences in implicit memory. Overall, our study demonstrates that implicit memory performance requires and depends upon reactivation of encoding‐related brain regions. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organizational Wellbeing among Workers in Mental Health Services: A Pilot Study

Introduction: Organizational wellbeing in mental health services influences the outcomes of users and their families. Workers should be motivated, have a positive morale and be able to recognize values and the deep meaning of their work. This survey aims to examine the organizational wellbeing of the services provided by the Department of Mental Health (DSM) in Lanusei (Italy) and the correlations between job satisfaction and the psychosomatic health of its workers. Materials and Methodology: Descriptive-correlational study on a population of 43 mental health workers. Organizational wellbeing, as well as workers’ job satisfaction and psychosomatic health, were measured using the “Multidimensional Organizational Health Questionnaire” (MOHQ). It is a self-report questionnaire able to examine 14 dimensions of organizational wellbeing, 14 indicators about individual discomfort, 12 indicators about individual wellbeing, 8 psychosomatic symptoms related to job distress. Results: 31 workers (72%) participated in the survey. Regarding the organizational wellbeing of DSM, the general profile mean±sd was 2.66±0.28 (values from 1 to 4: 1=never, 4=often). Job satisfaction was negatively correlated with headaches and concentration difficulties (R=-.584, p=0.001), nervousness, restlessness, anxiety (R=-.571, p=0.001), sense of excessive fatigue (R=-.634, p=0.000) and sense of depression (R=-.558, p=0.001) reported by workers. Conclusions: Data denoted an overall healthy state of the DSM. There were significant correlations between workers’ job satisfaction and their psychosomatic health. The recognition and restitution about the weakness and strengths of the services could be useful to point out some organizational development perspectives.
BALANCING THE CONSERVATION OF WILDLIFE HABITAT WITH ROAD ACCESS FOR SUBSISTENCE HUNTING IN YAKUTAT, ALASKA

This thesis was an interdisciplinary investigation with the goal of balancing the conservation of wildlife habitat with road access for subsistence hunting in Yakutat, Alaska. The problem posed by land managers and subsistence moose hunters revolved around the use of offhighway vehicles (OHVs; e.g. “four-wheelers”) for subsistence moose hunting and the potential disturbance OHVs have on moose. This complex social-ecological problem is becoming an increasingly common management dilemma faced by rural mixed cashsubsistence communities across the Circumpolar North. I addressed this problem in two chapters with a combination of methods from wildlife ecology, landscape modeling, subsistence land-use, and scenario planning. The data used for analysis in Chapter 1 was derived from a three-year moose GPS-collar dataset, remote sensing imagery, and mapped routes. I modeled moose distribution with multi-scale, seasonal and sex-specific resource selection functions in a GIS. The best-fit models suggested female moose were displaced by OHV routes. Male moose were displaced by routes or areas where routes were in close proximity to primary forage. A combined pattern of route avoidance was quantified beyond approximately 1 km of total vehicle travel/km/day. Chapter 2 describes the application of distribution models from Chapter 1 to a social-ecological assessment of route closures. Meetings with land managers and moose hunters were conducted to identify their respective values and management goals. Then I evaluated the effect of four road closure scenarios on moose habitat and hunting access. A measure of hunting access was evaluated with interviews about hunter land-use patterns, as well as the mapping of harvest areas in a GIS. The results of the scenario evaluation showed the spatial arrangement of routes influenced the total amount of high probability moose habitat and access to preferred harvest areas. A balance in the conservation of wildlife habitat and the maintenance of hunting access may be found in the closure of routes through valuable moose habitat and the spatial arrangement of future routes around valuable moose habitat, within reach of important harvest areas. The results of the analysis and interdisciplinary approach may prove useful to land managers who must evaluate the trade-offs between wildlife habitat conservation and the increasing use of motorized access for contemporary subsistence hunting practices.
Larger is Better: The Effect of Learning Rates Enjoyed by Stochastic Optimization with Progressive Variance Reduction

In this paper, we propose a simple variant of the original stochastic variance reduction gradient (SVRG), where hereafter we refer to as the variance reduced stochastic gradient descent (VR-SGD). Different from the choices of the snapshot point and starting point in SVRG and its proximal variant, Prox-SVRG, the two vectors of each epoch in VR-SGD are set to the average and last iterate of the previous epoch, respectively. This setting allows us to use much larger learning rates or step sizes than SVRG, e.g., 3/(7L) for VR-SGD vs 1/(10L) for SVRG, and also makes our convergence analysis more challenging. In fact, a larger learning rate enjoyed by VR-SGD means that the variance of its stochastic gradient estimator asymptotically approaches zero more rapidly. Unlike common stochastic methods such as SVRG and proximal stochastic methods such as Prox-SVRG, we design two different update rules for smooth and non-smooth objective functions, respectively. In other words, VR-SGD can tackle non-smooth and/or non-strongly convex problems directly without using any reduction techniques such as quadratic regularizers. Moreover, we analyze the convergence properties of VR-SGD for strongly convex problems, which show that VR-SGD attains a linear convergence rate. We also provide the convergence guarantees of VR-SGD for non-strongly convex problems. Experimental results show that the performance of VR-SGD is significantly better than its counterparts, SVRG and Prox-SVRG, and it is also much better than the best known stochastic method, Katyusha.
German multiple-product, multiple-destination exporters: Bernard-Redding-Schott under test

Export is dominated by enterprises that trade more than one good with customers in more than one destination country. Germany, one of the leading actors on the world market for goods, is a case in point. Theoretical models of multiple-product, multipledestination exporters that can guide empirical research of their production and export decisions are still rare. Recently, Bernard, Redding and Schott (QJE 2011) published a general equilibrium model that serves this purpose and find support for many of its implications in U. S. trade data. This note uses newly available transaction-level data for German manufacturing firms for an empirical test of implications of this model. Results are strikingly similar to findings reported for the United States.
Gestational diabetes induced neuronal loss in CA1 and CA3 subfields of rat hippocampus in early postnatal life.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of gestational diabetes on the neuronal density of CA1 and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus in Wistar rat offspring. On day 1 of gestation, 10 dams were randomly allocated into two control and diabetic groups. Five animals in the diabetic group received 40 mg/kg/b.w. of streptozotocin (intraperitoneally) and the control animals were received normal saline. Six offspring of each of the gestational diabetics and controls were randomly selected in postnatal days 7 and 21. The infants were scarified and coronal sections were taken from the right dorsal hippocampus and stained with cresyl violet. The number of pyramidal cells per 10000 μm(2) area and the thickness of layers of hippocampus in CA1 and CA3 were evaluated. In postnatal day 7, the number of pyramidal neurons in CA1 significantly reduced from 118.82 ± 8.0 in the control group to 84.71 ± 3.3 neurons in gestational diabetic group, and in postnatal day 21 it significantly reduced from 112.71 ± 6.9 in the control group to 91.52 ± 8.5 in the gestational diabetic group. Also, the number of pyramidal cells of CA3 on postnatal day 7 significantly reduced from 90.33 ± 8.1 in the control group to 62.86 ± 7.2 in the gestational diabetic group, and in P21 the number of pyramidal cells significantly reduced from 78.33 ± 2.4 in the control group to 61.7 ± 9.5 cells in the diabetic group. In CA1 and CA3 the thickness of the pyramidal layer on postnatal days 7 and 21 non-significantly increased in gestational diabetics in comparison with the controls. This study showed that uncontrolled gestational diabetes reduces the pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus in rat offspring.
Occipital condyle fractures : clinical decision rule and surgical management Clinical article

F ractures of the occipital condyles are relatively rare, occurring nearly universally in the setting of high-energy blunt trauma. The Scottish surgeon and anatomist Charles Bell published the first case report of an OCF, discovered at autopsy, in 1817. 2 Subsequent cases were similarly described predominantly in autopsy series, with an incidence rate as high as 4% in fatal head injuries. 39 Often difficult to identify based on plain radiographs alone, OCFs are now diagnosed more frequently due to the widespread use of CT in the standard trauma evaluation. 6,41 Occipital condyle fractures have typically been associated with lower cranial nerve palsies, particularly hypoglossal nerve injury. Of primary concern, however, is the potential of OCFs to destabilize the CCJ. 2 first classified OCFs in 1988 based on the vector of force precipitating the injury (Figs. 1–3). In this classification system, Type I fractures result from axial loading, and the fractured condyle is comminuted with minimal or no displacement; Type II fractures result from direct trauma to the skull, and occur in conjunction with basilar skull fractures; and Type III fractures are avulsion fractures that occur from lateral flexion or rotatory forces with resultant pulling by the alar ligament. Tuli et al. 39 devised a second classification scheme in 1997 that was aimed at more effectively guiding treatment of OCFs and that broadened the definition of stability to include the integrity not only of the atlantooc-cipital joint but also of the atlantoaxial joint. The scheme Object. Occipital condyle fractures (OCFs) are rare injuries and their treatment remains controversial. Several classification systems have been proposed, first by Anderson and Montesano and more recently by Tuli and colleagues and Hanson and associates, who sought to stratify these fractures in a manner that would guide treatment that has typically ranged from semirigid collar immobilization to halo fixation or occipitocervical fusion. It has been the authors' impression, based on experience with OCFs at their institution, that classification is cumbersome and contributes little to the clinical decision-making process, while the identification of craniocervical misalignment and neural element compromise is paramount, and sufficient, for the planning of treatment. Methods. The authors performed a retrospective review of 24,745 consecutive trauma presentations to a single Level I trauma center (UPMC Presbyterian Hospital) over a 6-year period, identifying 100 patients with 106 OCFs. All patients were evaluated by the spine trauma service and underwent imaging of the craniocervical junction using …
Discretionary Disclosure and External Financing

This paper documents a positive association between firms' tendencies to access capital markets and to disclose earnings forecasts, suggesting that firms attempt to mitigate potential consequences of differential information through disclosure. Our evidence also indicates that firms financing externally are not significantly more likely to forecast in the period shortly before an offering than at other times. Therefore, while firms that issue more capital tend to issue more forecasts, forces such as legal liability deter them from more frequent forecasting around the time of an actual offering. The paper also documents that management forecasts are not systematically greaterthan analysts' existing expectations, orthan subsequently realized earnings. The data thus suggest that to the extent firms benefit from issuing favorable earnings forecasts when offering securities, compet- ing forces such as potential legal liability and reputation costs deterthem from issuing optimistic forecasts.