Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative M-FISH and CGH analyses in sensitive and drug-resistant human T-cell acute leukemia cell lines

Cell lines of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALL) have gained high interest for study of mechanisms of cytostatic drug resistance. However, they should also be suited to examine the validity and reliability of molecular cytogenetic techniques in detecting genomic alterations in neoplastic cells. Therefore, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and 24-color-fluorescence-in-situ-hybridization (M-FISH) were applied to eight sublines of CCRF-CEM leukemia cells selected in vitro for drug resistance and to their drug-sensitive parental counterparts. All cell lines were characterized by altered chromosome numbers and by a variety of chromosomal structural aberrations as shown by M-FISH. The great majority of anomalies detected by this technique were confirmed by CGH. Interestingly, a considerable number of the rearrangements found were imbalanced. Amplifications of 5q13 in the six methotrexate-resistant cell lines, a del(9)(p21pter) in all lines examined, and a gain of chromosome 20 in 9 of the 10 lines examined were readily detected by both techniques. The same held true for losses of chromosomes 17 and 18 in the near tetraploid cell lines which could also be confirmed by CGH. Some imbalances of genomic material detected by CGH were, however, not observed by means of M-FISH, possibly due to the limited extension of the corresponding chromosomal segment involved or the small subpopulation of cells affected. On the other hand, reciprocal translocations, balanced isochromosomes, and small deletions remained mainly undetected by CGH. A comparison of chromosomal alterations in drug-resistant and parental cell lines showed not only amplifications of chromosomal segments harboring well-known drug resistance genes, e.g., the dihydrofolate reductase gene, but also chromosomal changes which may involve novel genes associated with drug resistance. Thus, the present study has clearly unveiled the strengths and weaknesses of both techniques which can excellently complement each other. Their combination allowed a distinct improvement of the definition of the complex karyotypes of drug-resistant cell lines.
Sexual Desire and Linguistic Analysis: a Comparison of Sexually-abused and Non-abused Women

Although studies have identified a relationship between a history of child sexual abuse (CSA) and problems with hypoactive sexual desire, little is known about the potential cognitive and affective mechanisms involved in the sexual desire of women with a history of CSA. In this study, 27 women with a history of CSA and 22 women with no history of abuse were asked to write about sexual and non sexual topics. The Linguistic Inquiry Word Count software program was used to compute the percentage of words that fell into positive emotions, negative emotions, body, and sex categories. As expected, women with a history of CSA used more negative emotions words when writing about sexual topics, but not non-sexual topics, compared to non-abused women. Women with a history of CSA also used more sex words when writing about the non-sexual topics compared to non-abused women. Frequencies of body and sex words used in the sexual texts were positively linked to levels of sexual desire function. This association was not different between women with and without a history of CSA. A history of CSA remained an independent predictor of levels of sexual desire dysfunction even when taking into consideration the language used in the sexual texts, indicating that there may be aspects of the sexual desire experienced by women with a history of CSA that differ from non-abused women that remain unexplored.
Mental Illness in Dublin—First Admissions

This paper reports a study of first admissions to psychiatric facilities in Dublin. It forms part of a survey whose objects were to investigate the extent and characteristics of hospitalized psychiatric illness in Dublin, to make comparisons between mental illness in Dublin and in other cities, to observe the outcome of a first-admitted cohort of patients followed up for five years and to examine the differences, on admission and in outcome, between those receiving Local Authority and those receiving private care.
High mass X-ray binaries in the LMC: Dependence on the stellar population age and the ¿propeller¿ effect

We study the population of compact X-ray sources in the Large Magellanic Cloud using the archival data of the XMM-Newton observatory. The total area of the survey is ≈3.8 square degrees with a limiting sensitivity of ≈10 −14 erg/s/cm 2 , corresponding to a luminosity of ≈3 × 10 33 erg/s at the LMC distance. Out of ∼460 point sources detected in the 2-8 keV energy band, the vast majority are background CXB sources, observed through the LMC. Based on the properties of the optical and near-infrared counterparts of the detected sources we identified 9 likely HMXB candidates and 19 sources, whose nature is uncertain, thus providing lower and upper limits on the luminosity distribution of HMXBs in the observed part of LMC. When considered globally, the bright end of this distribution is consistent within statistical and systematic uncertainties with extrapolation of the universal luminosity function of HMXBs. However, there seems to be fewer low luminosity sources, log(LX) < 35.5, than predicted. We consider the impact of the "propeller effect" on the HMXB luminosity distribution and show that it can qualitatively explain the observed deficit of low luminosity sources. We found significant field-to-field variations in the number of HMXBs across the LMC, which appear to be uncorrelated with the star formation rates inferred by the FIR and Hα emission. We suggest that these variations are caused by the dependence of the HMXB number on the age of the underlying stellar population. Using the existence of large coeval stellar aggregates in the LMC, we constrain the number of HMXBs as a function of time τ elapsed since the star formation event in the range of τ from ∼1− 2M yr to∼10−12 Myr.
What It Is like to Go to War

What It Is Like To Go To War By Karl Marlantes New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2011 272 pages $15.00 [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Karl Marlantes wrote the bestseller and prize winning novel Matterhorn, based on his experiences as a Marine Corps platoon commander in a rifle company in Vietnam in 1969-70. In his nonfiction, What It Is Like To Go To War, he takes his readers back to that time and place and to the four succeeding decades in which he examined his conscience and came to terms with killing and reentering civil society. This absolutely unique and lucid personal account and analysis will be read with profit by scholars, general readers, and most particularly, by veterans of close combat. Note that Marlantes is very specific in defining just what he means by "close combat": close enough to throw a hand grenade at a foe or to fire a rifle at another human being the shooter can see. Clarity on this point is important to him and essential to the book. Laymen tend to lump all Vietnam veterans in one heap. Those who have engaged in close combat do not. In a "combat zone" there are relatively safe places. A rifle company is not one of them. The author is qualified by experience, education, temperament, and skill as a writer to make penetrating observations. Many are graphic, bold, and shocking. Some are erudite; some are ethereal; all are worthy of careful consideration. Maturation from the late 1950s and into the 1960s cultivated two strains in his personality constantly visible in his writing. One is an intellectual appetite fed in his Yale and Oxford years and demonstrated on almost every page of the book. The other is an aspiration to join King Arthur's court of noble men--or to accompany Don Quixote on a quest--manifest in both his choice of military service and his display of courage in Vietnam. He tells us that he wrote the book to come to terms with his experience of close combat. That could have been accomplished in a personal journal, but he believes he might help other combat veterans "integrate their combat experiences into their current lives. " He also thinks he might provide young people contemplating joining the military "with a psychological and spiritual combat prophylactic, for indeed combat is like unsafe sex in that it's a major thrill with possible horrible consequences. " (He is too wise to expect young men to read and heed his advice.) Finally, he wants policymakers to know what they are asking of the young. His method is to reflect on a point important to him, to illustrate it with an anecdote or a combat experience, and to mull it over in sparkling prose that has the reader hanging on every word. His chapter headings identify themes: "Temple of Mars," "Killing," "Guilt," "Numbness and Violence," "The Enemy Within," "Lying," "Loyalty," "Heroism. " The concluding three chapters indicate his concern for the need to integrate the earlier violence into current lives: "Home," "The Club," and "Relating to Mars. " Mastery of our language and the creative use of poetic devices and images make his pronouncements memorable. …
Non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behaviour in children and adolescents accessing residential or intensive home-based mental health services.

OBJECTIVE There is a dearth of Canadian research with clinical samples of youth who self-harm, and no studies could be located on self-harm in children and youth accessing residential or intensive home-based treatment. The purposes of this report were to explore the proportion and characteristics of children and youth identified as self-harming at admission by clinicians compared to youth not identified as self-harming, compare self-harming children to adolescents, and to compare caregiver ratings of self-harm at intake to clinician ratings at admission. METHOD This report was developed from a larger longitudinal, observational study involving 210 children and youth accessing residential and home-based treatment and their caregivers in partnership with five mental health treatment centres in southwestern Ontario. Agency data were gleaned from files, and caregivers reported on symptom severity at 12 to 18 months and 36 to 40 months post-discharge. RESULTS Fifty-seven (34%) children and youth were identified as self-harming at admission. The mean age was 11.57 (SD 2.75). There were statistically significant differences on symptom severity at intake between those identified as self-harming and those not so identified; most of these differences were no longer present at follow up. Children were reported to have higher severity of conduct disorder symptoms than adolescents at intake, and there was some consistency between caregiver-rated and clinician-rated self-harm. Children were reported to engage in a wide range of self-harming behaviours. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that youth who were identified as self-harming at admission have elevated scores of symptom severity, self-harm can occur in young children and while many improve, there remains a concern for several children and youth who did not improve by the end of service. Children engage in some of the same types of self-harm behaviours as adolescents, and they also engage in behaviours unique to children.
Functional significance of retrieval‐related activity in lateral parietal cortex: Evidence from fMRI and ERPs

The present study addressed the question whether neural activity in left lateral parietal cortex is modulated by amount of information recollected. In two experiments (one using fMRI and the other ERPs), subjects first studied pairs of pictures presented for either 1 or 6 s. They then performed a standard “Remember/Know” recognition memory test in which the old items comprised one of the pictures from each studied pair. In both experiments, a surprise posttest indicated that subjects recollected more details about the study presentation of the items presented for the longer duration. In the fMRI experiment, recollection‐ and familiarity‐based recognition elicited activity in distinct cortical networks. Additionally, recollection‐related activity in left inferior parietal cortex was of greater magnitude for test items presented for 6 s than for 1 s. In the ERP study the “left‐parietal old/new effect”—a putative correlate of successful recollection—was likewise modulated by amount of information retrieved. Together, these findings provide further support for dual‐process models of recognition memory and add weight to the proposal that retrieval‐related activity in left inferior parietal cortex reflects processes supporting the online representation of retrieved episodic information. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Agent-Based Computational Bioeconomic Model of Plant Disease Diffusion and Control: Grapevine Leafroll Disease

Grapevine leafroll disease threatens grape harvests in the United States and around the world. This viral disease reduces yield, delays fruit ripening, and affects wine quality. Its spatialdynamic diffusion process remains poorly understood and little is known about profitmaximizing control strategies. In this article, we model the disease spatial-dynamic diffusion in a vineyard, evaluate nonspatial and spatial control strategies, and rank them based on expected net present values. Nonspatial strategies consist of roguing and replacing symptomatic grapevines with and without considering vine age. In spatial strategies, symptomatic vines are rogued and replaced, and their nonsymptomatic neighbors are virus-tested, then rogued and replaced if the test is positive. We find that age-structured strategies outperform their nonage-structured counterparts. More importantly, we show that spatial strategies dominate nonspatial strategies, increasing the vineyard expected net present value by 40 percent relative to the baseline of no control.
Emotional Modulation of Cognition in Recent Onset Schizophrenia

markdownabstract__Abstract__ The current thesis describes a number of important findings on the interaction between emotion and cognition in male recent onset schizophrenia patients. In healthy controls a general effect of emotional expressions on sustained attention is that it improves reaction time while accuracy decreased after negative, but not after positive emotional expressions. Although recent onset schizophrenia patients have a general attentional deficit, the effect of facial expressions on sustained attention is the same as in healthy controls. Furthermore, despite a general selective attention deficit, the emotional Stroop effect is not statistically different between recent onset schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. The literature on emotional memory modulation in patients with schizophrenia shows contradictory results with two-thirds of the tasks finding no difference between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls, this can be explained in part by methodological differences. Nevertheless, impaired emotional modulation of memory consolidation and a deficit in unconsciously using emotional content to modulate memory could underlie deficits in emotional memory modulation. In recent onset schizophrenia patients emotional modulation is preserved, both in short and long term memory and for both verbal and visual memory. Social cognition, in the form of gaze cueing, however, is already disturbed in the early phase of schizophrenia.
A Global Transcriptional Switch between the Attack and Growth Forms of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus

Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is an obligate predator of bacteria ubiquitously found in the environment. Its life cycle is composed of two essential phases: a free-living, non-replicative, fast swimming attack phase (AP) wherein the predator searches for prey; and a non-motile, actively dividing growth phase (GP) in which it consumes the prey. The molecular regulatory mechanisms governing the switch between AP and GP are largely unknown. We used RNA-seq to generate a single-base-resolution map of the Bdellovibrio transcriptome in AP and GP, revealing a specific "AP" transcriptional program, which is largely mutually exclusive of the GP program. Based on the expression map, most genes in the Bdellovibrio genome are classified as "AP only" or "GP only". We experimentally generated a genome-wide map of 140 AP promoters, controlling the majority of AP-specific genes. This revealed a common sigma-like DNA binding site highly similar to the E. coli flagellar genes regulator sigma28 (FliA). Further analyses suggest that FliA has evolved to become a global AP regulator in Bdellovibrio. Our results also reveal a non-coding RNA that is massively expressed in AP. This ncRNA contains a c-di-GMP riboswitch. We suggest it functions as an intracellular reservoir for c-di-GMP, playing a role in the rapid switch from AP to GP.
Young Women's Accounts of Sexual Activity and Sexual/ Reproductive Health

The accounts of sexual activity and sexual health from group discussions with young women living in a variety of ethnic communities in East London, UK, were examined. Thematic decomposition was employed to explicate a number of themes: sex as technical knowledge; sexual intercourse as intimacy; naturalizing sexual activity as part of adolescent development; constraints on being sexually active and relations with young men; and constructions of young women's sexual activity within the family. These themes are discussed in terms of the salience of various complex and sometimes contradictory meanings of sex for young women, the social and cultural contexts in which young women are sexually active and seek to negotiate 'safe sex' and the implications for sex and health education addressed to young people.
Parvovirus B19 infection does not contribute significantly to severe anaemia in children with malaria in Malawi

To the Editor: Parvovirus B 19 (B 19) infection is recognised to be a precipitating cause of anaemia in many contexts of haematological compromise. In 1986 a study in a small group of severely anaemic children in Niger found a surprisingly high incidence of co-infection with malaria and B19 (1). Subsequently there has been a case report of a child with malaria and refractory reticulocytopaenia in whom B 19 coinfection was demonstrated (2). We undertook to investigate whether co-infection with malaria and B19 is more widespread than is currently recognised, and therefore a significant cause of morbidity and mortality of children with malaria. The study was approved by the Malawi Health Sciences Research Committee. Between July 1996 and August 1997 blood spots were obtained from 313 children with malaria attending the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH) situated in Blantyre, Malawi. A third of the samples were collected in January/February 1997 at the height of the malaria season in Malawi. Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for 95% of cases of malaria in Malawi, while 5% of cases are due to P. malariae or P. ovale. On admission for malaria at QECH, heelprick or needleprick blood is obtained for packed cell volume (PCV) and blood films. The blood spots for this study were collected coincident with these routine investigations. Children allocated to the study group were selected for severe anaemia based on a PCV of < 15%, while the control group were not anaemic, selected by a PCV of 230%. The median PCV of the study group was 13% (range 6-1 5%) and that of the control group 33% (range 3047%). PCV, rather than a haemoglobin determination, is the routine investigation at QECH because it is less prone to technical error and is inexpensive. While full haematological profiles would have given more insight as to the aetiology of the anaemias, and reticulocyte counts in particular would be informative with regard to the possibility of B19 infection, these are not available at the hospital and were
A Systematic Review of Interventions Addressing Adherence to Anti-Diabetic Medications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes—Impact on Adherence

Background The global prevalence of diabetes is increasing. Medications are a recommended strategy to control hyperglycaemia. However, patient adherence can be variable, impacting health outcomes. A range of interventions for patients with type 2 diabetes have focused on improving treatment adherence. This review evaluates the impact of these interventions on adherence to anti-diabetic medications and focuses on the methods and tools used to measure adherence. Method Medline, Embase, CINAHL, IPA, PUBmed, and PsychINFO were searched for relevant articles published in 2000–2013, using appropriate search terms. Results Fifty two studies addressing adherence to anti-diabetic medications in patients with type 2 diabetes met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Each study was assessed for research design, method(s) used for measuring medication adherence, and impact of intervention on medication adherence and glycaemic control. Fourteen studies were published in 2000–2009 and 38 in 2010–2013. Twenty two interventions led to improvements in adherence to anti-diabetic medications, while only nine improved both medication adherence and glycaemic control. A single strategy could not be identified which would be guaranteed to improve anti-diabetic medication adherence consistently. Nonetheless, most interventions were successful in influencing one or more of the outcomes assessed, indicating the usefulness of these interventions under certain circumstances. Self-report, particularly the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities questionnaire was the most commonly used tool to assess medication adherence, although other self-report tools were used in more recent studies. Overall, there was a slight increase in the number of studies that employed multiple methods to assess medication adherence in studies conducted after 2008. Conclusion The diversity of interventions and adherence measurements prevented a meta-analysis of the impact of interventions on adherence to therapy, highlighting the need for more consistency in methods in the area of adherence research. Whilst effective interventions were identified, it is not possible to conclude on an effective intervention that can be generalised to all patients with type 2 diabetes.
A 2.56-GHz SEU Radiation Hard $LC$ -Tank VCO for High-Speed Communication Links in 65-nm CMOS Technology

This paper presents a radiation tolerant phase-locked loop CMOS application-specified integrated circuit with an optimized voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) for single-event upsets (SEUs). The circuit is designed for high-energy particle physics experiments for low-jitter clock generation and clock recovery. An optimal tuning strategy of the VCO is presented that minimizes the cross section and the SEU sensitivity of the oscillator. The circuit is processed in a 65-nm CMOS technology and has been irradiated with heavy ions with a linear energy transfer between 10 to 69.2 MeV.cm2/mg. A comparison has been made with a conventional oscillator which proves a significant improvement in SEU sensitivity.