Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Reaction Time, Update Time, and Adaptation Time Influence the Stability of Traffic Flow

Abstract: When modeling the acceleration and deceleration of drivers, there are three characteristic time constants that influence the dynamics and stability of traffic flow: The reaction time of the drivers, the velocity adaptation time needed to accelerate to a new desired velocity, and the numerical update time. By means of numerical simulations with a time‐continuous car‐following model, we investigate how these times interplay with each other and effectively influence the longitudinal instability mechanisms for a platoon of vehicles. The long‐wavelength string instability is mainly driven by the velocity adaptation time while short‐wavelength local instabilities arise for sufficiently high reaction and update times. Furthermore, we investigate the relation between large update time steps and finite reaction times as they both introduce delays in the reaction to the traffic situation. Remarkably, the numerical update time is dynamically equivalent to about half the reaction time, which clarifies the meaning of the time step in models formulated as iterated maps such as the Newell and the Gipps model. Furthermore, with respect to stability, there is an optimal adaptation time as a function of the reaction time.
Low-gradient aortic stenosis: operative risk stratification and predictors for long-term outcome: a multicenter study using dobutamine stress hemodynamics.

BACKGROUND The prognostic value of dobutamine stress hemodynamic data in the setting of low-gradient aortic stenosis has been addressed in small, single-center studies. Larger studies are needed to define the criteria for selecting the patients who will benefit from valve replacement. METHODS AND RESULTS Six centers prospectively enrolled 136 patients with aortic stenosis (96 men; median age, 72 years [range, 65 to 77 years]; median aortic valve area, 0.7 cm2 [range, 0.6 to 0.8]; mean transaortic gradient, 29 mm Hg [range, 23 to 34 mm Hg]; cardiac index, 2.11 L x min(-1) x m(-2) [range, 1.75 to 2.55 L x min(-1) x m(-2)]). Left ventricular contractile reserve on the dobutamine stress Doppler study was present in 92 patients (group I) and absent in 44 patients (group II). Operative mortality was 5% (3 of 64 patients) in group I compared with 32% (10 of 31 patients) in group II (P=0.0002). Predictors for operative mortality were the lack of contractile reserve (odds ratio, 10.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6 to 43.4; P=0.001) and a mean transaortic gradient < or =20 mm Hg (odds ratio, 4.7; 95% CI, 1.1 to 21.0; P=0.04). Predictors for long-term survival were valve replacement (hazard ratio, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.53; P=0.001) and left ventricular contractile reserve (hazard ratio, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.69; P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS In the setting of low-gradient aortic stenosis, surgery seems beneficial for most of the patients with left ventricular contractile reserve. In contrast, the postoperative outcome of patients without reserve is compromised by a high operative mortality. Thus, dobutamine stress Doppler hemodynamics may be factored into the risk-benefit analysis for each patient.
Document re-ranking using cluster validation and label propagation

This paper proposes a novel document re-ranking approach in information retrieval, which is done by a label propagation-based semi-supervised learning algorithm to utilize the intrinsic structure underlying in the large document data. Since no labeled relevant or irrelevant documents are generally available in IR, our approach tries to extract some pseudo labeled documents from the ranking list of the initial retrieval. For pseudo relevant documents, we determine a cluster of documents from the top ones via cluster validation-based k-means clustering; for pseudo irrelevant ones, we pick a set of documents from the bottom ones. Then the ranking of the documents can be conducted via label propagation. Evaluation on benchmark corpora shows that the approach can achieve significant improvement over standard baselines and performs better than other related approaches.
VII Zw 403: H i STRUCTURE IN A BLUE COMPACT DWARF GALAXY

We present optical (UBVJ), ultraviolet (FUV, NUV), and high-resolution atomic hydrogen (H i) observations of the nearby blue compact dwarf (BCD), VII Zw 403. We find that VII Zw 403 has a relatively high H i mass-to-light ratio for a BCD. The rotation velocity is nominally 10–15 km s−1, but rises to ∼20 km s−1 after correction for the ∼8–10 km s−1 random motions present in the gas. The velocity field is complex, including a variation in the position angle of the major axis going from the northeast to the southwest parts of the galaxy. Our high-resolution H i maps reveal structure in the central gas, including a large, low-density H i depression or hole between the southern and northern halves of the galaxy, coincident with an unresolved X-ray source. Although interactions have been proposed as the triggering mechanism for the vigorous star formation occurring in BCDs, VII Zw 403 does not seem to have been tidally triggered by an external interaction, as we have found no nearby possible perturbers. It also does not appear to fall in the set of galaxies that exhibit a strong central mass density concentration, as its optical scale length is large in comparison to similar systems. However, there are some features that are compatible with an accretion event: optical/H i axis misalignment, a change in position angle of the kinematic axis, and a complex velocity field.
Thermal Instability in Shearing and Periodic Turbulence

The thermal instability with a piecewise power law cooling function is investigated using one- and three-dimensional simulations with periodic and shearing-periodic boundary conditions in the presence of constant thermal diffusion and kinematic viscosity coefficients. Consistent with earlier findings, the flow behavior depends on the average density, ⟨ρ⟩. When ⟨ρ⟩ is in the range (1-5) × 10-24 g cm-3, the system is unstable and segregates into cool and warm phases with temperatures of roughly 100 and 104 K, respectively. However, in all cases the resulting average pressure ⟨p⟩ is independent of ⟨ρ⟩ and just a little above the minimum value. For a constant heating rate of 0.015 ergs g-1 s-1, the mean pressure is around 24 × 10-14 dyn (corresponding to p/kB ≈ 1750 K cm-3). Cool patches tend to coalesce into bigger ones. In all cases investigated, there is no sustained turbulence, which is in agreement with earlier results. Simulations in which turbulence is driven by a body force show that when rms velocities of between 10 and 30 km s-1 are obtained, the resulting dissipation rates are comparable to the thermal energy input rate. The resulting mean pressures are then about 30 × 10-14 dyn, corresponding to p/kB ≈ 2170 K cm-3. This is comparable to the value expected for the Galaxy. Differential rotation tends to make the flow two-dimensional, that is, uniform in the streamwise direction, but this does not lead to instability.
The Effects of Library User-Education Programmes on the Information-Seeking Behaviour of Brisbane College of Theology Students

ABSTRACT An increasing proportion of students entering the Brisbane College of Theology (BCT) are adult learners and engaged in theological education for general academic purposes or personal enrichment. In meeting the needs of these students, the user-education programmes conducted by the BCT Libraries endeavour to address the Australian Information Literacy Standards.1 The literature reveals that information literacy is learned through experience primarily shaped by both librarians and faculty. This case study, which uses an adaptation of Biggs' model of presage, process, and product, looks at the information search process from the perspective of one theological library. As a phenomenographic study, it examines the interconnected theories of students' experience, perception, approach, and learning outcomes in the information search process. It will be shown here that user-education programmes and mediation with the librarian significantly influence the information-seeking behaviour of students.
Gene expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma reveals highly consistent profiles

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is clinically heterogeneous. Apart from an association with ionizing radiation, the etiology and molecular biology of PTC is poorly understood. We used oligo-based DNA arrays to study the expression profiles of eight matched pairs of normal thyroid and PTC tissues. Additional PTC tumors and other tissues were studied by reverse transcriptase–PCR and immunohistochemistry. The PTCs showed concordant expression of many genes and distinct clustered profiles. Genes with increased expression in PTC included many encoding adhesion and extracellular matrix proteins. Expression was increased in 8/8 tumors for 24 genes and in 7/8 tumors for 22 genes. Among these genes were several previously known to be overexpressed in PTC, such as MET, LGALS3, KRT19, DPP4, MDK, TIMP1, and FN1. The numerous additional genes include CITED1, CHI3L1, ODZ1, N33, SFTPB, and SCEL. Reverse transcriptase–PCR showed high expression of CITED1, CHI3L1, ODZ1, and SCEL in 6/6 additional PTCs. Immunohistochemical analysis detected CITED1 and SFTPB in 49/52 and 39/52 PTCs, respectively, but not in follicular thyroid carcinoma and normal thyroid tissue. Genes underexpressed in PTC included tumor suppressors, thyroid function-related proteins, and fatty acid binding proteins. Expression was decreased in 7/8 tumors for eight genes and decreased in 6/8 tumors for 19 genes. We conclude that, despite its clinical heterogeneity, PTC is characterized by consistent and specific molecular changes. These findings reveal clues to the molecular pathways involved in PTC and may provide biomarkers for clinical use.
Do Entrepreneurship and Self-Employment Respond to Simpler Fiscal Incentives? Evidence from France.∗

In this paper we use French income tax returns since 1994 to study the effects of fiscal incentives for self-employment and entrepreneurship. France is a good quasi-laboratory because of its unique variety of fiscal “regimes” for self-employment, which differ according to their financial incentives, their degrees of administrative simplicity, and the scope for misreporting income that they offer. Eligibility for the two simplified fiscal regimes, which have a low administrative burden, requires business revenues to remain below a given threshold. We show that a reform that expanded eligibility for a simplified regime led to an immediate switch of agents from other regimes, but no overall growth in self-employment. On the other hand, a reform which created a regime with more administrative simplicity led progressively to new entry by smaller than average businesses. The eligibility thresholds create a special type of “notches” around which we observe significant bunching. The thresholds have moved a lot over time, and the bunching mass has moved with them, although progressively so, and faster when the threshold change was larger. We use the measured empirical bunching to estimate the value of administrative simplicity, a real income elasticity, and a misreporting elasticity. To do so, we exploit the many variations in policy parameters over time and their heterogeneous impacts on agents in different tax brackets and activity types. We find that there is a significant misreporting elasticity and a value for simplicity, without which the observed bunching is hard to rationalize. (JEL H21)
Fuchs’ Uveitis Syndrome: No Longer a Syndrome?

Abstract Purpose: Rubella virus (RV) has a central role in the etiopathogenesis of Fuchs’ uveitis syndrome (FUS). We aim to offer new insights by comprehensive analysis of recent laboratory and epidemiologic data. Methods: We conducted a literature search for laboratory data and papers on etiopathogenesis. Results: Aqueous humour samples of FUS patients show immunoreactivity to RV, in a specific and sensitive manner. Identification of RV genome confirm intraocular infection in a subset of FUS patients. Epidemiologic findings further support causality. The clinical spectrum of RV-associated uveitis is similar but not identical to FUS. FUS eyes exhibit a predominance of CD8 + T cells, high IFN-? and IL-10 levels. Conclusions: RV is the leading cause of FUS. Cytokine-based findings mirror a viral etiology and chronic low-grade inflammation. RV-associated FUS represents a common pathway of intraocular RV inoculation after congenital or acquired infection. Other causes, including HSV and CMV, may lead to FUS.
Suboptimal T-cell receptor signaling compromises protein translation, ribosome biogenesis, and proliferation of mouse CD8 T cells

Significance Optimal antigenic stimulation through T-cell receptors is required by T lymphocytes to exert full expansion, effector functions, and memory cell differentiation. Suboptimal TCR stimulation influences both transcription of genes and synthesis of subsets of proteins in a nonconcordant manner. Detailed polysome profiling revealed that weakly activated cells prioritized mRNA translation so that specific transcripts were translationally sequestered. Strikingly, ribosome biogenesis was compromised at both transcriptional and translational levels after weak stimulation, which still allowed the cells to undergo initial cell division, but proliferation was not sustained. Our work has demonstrated that T cells respond to environmental signals and use specific components of the translation machinery to regulate the translation of activation-dependent mRNAs. Global transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of T cells have been rich sources of unbiased data for understanding T-cell activation. Lack of full concordance of these datasets has illustrated that important facets of T-cell activation are controlled at the level of translation. We undertook translatome analysis of CD8 T-cell activation, combining polysome profiling and microarray analysis. We revealed that altering T-cell receptor stimulation influenced recruitment of mRNAs to heavy polysomes and translation of subsets of genes. A major pathway that was compromised, when TCR signaling was suboptimal, was linked to ribosome biogenesis, a rate-limiting factor in both cell growth and proliferation. Defective TCR signaling affected transcription and processing of ribosomal RNA precursors, as well as the translation of specific ribosomal proteins and translation factors. Mechanistically, IL-2 production was compromised in weakly stimulated T cells, affecting the abundance of Myc protein, a known regulator of ribosome biogenesis. Consequently, weakly activated T cells showed impaired production of ribosomes and a failure to maintain proliferative capacity after stimulation. We demonstrate that primary T cells respond to various environmental cues by regulating ribosome biogenesis and mRNA translation at multiple levels to sustain proliferation and differentiation.
The role of heart rate variability in the treatment of migraines

This dissertation assessed the role of heart rate variability (HRV) in the treatment of migraine headaches. The extent of this relationship was measured through a 12-session HRV biofeedback protocol to increase HRV and decrease migraine frequency through resonance frequency breathing (RFB) training. This project used a single-case design methodology to analyze phase changes in physiological variables with a specific focus on changes in HRV and migraine symptoms from baseline to completion of the biofeedback protocol. The prevalence of migraine headaches is discussed, the history of biofeedback as an intervention for migraine is reviewed, and the rationale for the relationship between HRV and somatic symptoms is presented. Conceptual frameworks for biofeedback provide rationale for the intervention. The study reviews the participant’s history of migraine symptoms, phase changes throughout the protocol, and changes in migraine symptoms during the follow-up phase. Overall, the study did not find a strong relationship between HRV and migraine symptoms. The participant’s migraine frequency decreased throughout the protocol without a significant phase change in HRV. There were observed phase changes in other physiological variables consistent with increased autonomic regulation. Overall, the HRV biofeedback protocol did have a positive impact on migraine symptoms without a significant phase change in HRV.
Two-Year Follow-Up of AIDS Education Programs for Impoverished Women

The long-term effects of two culturally competent AIDS education programs with different content on the risk behavior and AIDS-related knowledge of 410 homeless African American women 2 years after program completion were examined. Participants were members of a larger cohort of impoverished African American and Latina women recruited in Los Angeles from 1989 to 1991. Of a subsample of 527 African American women selected randomly for a 2-year follow-up interview, 410 (78%) were located and agreed to participate. Women participating in both AIDS education programs reported reduced HIV risk behaviors and demonstrated greatly improved AIDS knowledge at 2-year follow-up (p < .001). Women in a specialized program were less likely than those in a traditional program to report noninjection drug use at 2 years. Women in the traditional program had significantly better AIDS knowledge at follow-up (p < .001). These findings suggest that educational programs can produce sustained benefits among impoverished women.
Reactive Nitrogen and The World: 200 Years of Change

Abstract This paper examines the impact of food and energy production on the global N cycle by contrasting N flows in the late-19th century with those of the late-20th century. We have a good understanding of the amounts of reactive N created by humans, and the primary points of loss to the environment. However, we have a poor understanding of nitrogen's rate of accumulation in environmental reservoirs, which is problematic because of the cascading effects of accumulated N in the environment. The substantial regional variability in reactive nitrogen creation, its degree of distribution, and the likelihood of increased rates of reactive-N formation (especially in Asia) in the future creates a situation that calls for the development of a Total Reactive Nitrogen Approach that will optimize food and energy production and protect environmental systems.
Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial Studies and Corrosion Inhibition Potential of 1,8-dimethyl-1,3,6,8,10,13-hexaazacyclotetradecane: Experimental and Quantum Chemical Studies

The macrocylic ligand, 1,8-dimethyl-1,3,6,8,10,13-hexaazacyclotetradecane (MHACD) was synthesized by the demetallation of its freshly synthesized Ni(II) complex (NiMHACD). Successful synthesis of NiMHACD and the free ligand (MHACD) was confirmed by various characterization techniques, including Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopic techniques. The anti-bacteria activities of MHACD were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus species and the results showed that MHACD possesses a spectrum of activity against the two bacteria. The electrochemical cyclic voltammetry study on MHACD revealed that it is a redox active compound with promising catalytic properties in electrochemical applications. The inhibition potential of MHACD for mild steel corrosion in 1 M HCl was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization method. The results showed that MHACD inhibits steel corrosion as a mixed-type inhibitor, and the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing concentration of MHACD. The adsorption of MHACD obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm; it is spontaneous and involves competitive physisorption and chemisorption mechanisms. Quantum chemical calculations revealed that the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of MHACD is high enough to favor forward donation of charges to the metal during adsorption and corrosion inhibition. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis revealed the presence of various orbitals in the MHACD that are capable of donating or accepting electrons under favorable conditions.
Global Interactions in English as

This book is a collection of various stand-alone studies in the use of ELF in dynamic, temporary, and formed ad-hoc “communities of practice” (Wenger 1998). Poppi’s specific focus is on the innovations and changes in the English language as it is adopted and adapted by non-native speakers from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds “for whom English is the communicative medium of choice, and often the only option” (Seidlhofer 2011, 7). The main point that Poppi makes is that the non-native speakers “should [. ] be recognized as users, in their own right, of a common code which is used as an instrument for making oneself understood in international encounters” (62) and not as learners of a second or foreign language. By drawing on the notion of the “double imperative” Seidlhofer (2009) herself derives from Widdowson (1990), Poppi’s studies in ELF and BELF prove how all the participants in the interactions she analyzes feel the need, on the one hand, to mark their identity according to a ‘territorial imperative,’ while on the other hand they also seek the need to accommodate to each other, thus meeting a ‘cooperative imperative. ’ Whereas the different uses of English as a lingua franca present a wide range of variation, with the risk of mutual incomprehensibility, cooperation obtained by means of pragmatic strategies between the participants in the linguistic exchanges that take place within the ELF/BELF web-based communities of practice that Poppi analyzes, minimizes precisely this risk. Most importantly, all the studies collected in the book reveal that cooperation entails a
Social Class and Social Movements

The link between social class and social movements refers back to the assumption of Karl Marx that in some specified cases the formation of social classes is connected with the mobilization of these classes. Social movements then become what Marx has called “Klassen fur sich,” classes conscious of themselves. Marx points to the small tenants in France as a famous example of a class not capable of developing a collective consciousness of itself and therefore being unable to act collectively. He referred to them as a “sack of potatoes. ” Regarding the industrial worker, Marx was much more optimistic because of the intersection of two critical factors: (1) the presumed centrality of the conflict this emerging class would address; and (2) the social conditions that link the proletarian workers via their concentration in the industrial workplace and the urban housing conditions which makes communication and strong relationships among them more probable. Keywords: Marxism; stratification and inequality; capitalism; class; conflict; inequality