Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Retrospective analysis of real‐world prescribing data for managing cisplatin‐based chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in China

Abstract Background The current utilization of neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonists (NK1RAs) and the impact of updated guidelines on prescription patterns of antiemetic drugs among Chinese patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) remain undetermined. This study aims to analyze the present situation of Chinese cancer patients using antiemetic drugs and assess the appropriateness of antiemetic regimens. Methods Prescription data were collected between January 2015 and December 2020 from cancer patients receiving cisplatin‐based chemotherapy at 76 hospitals in six major cities in China. Trends in the use of antiemetic drugs, prescribing patterns and adherence to antiemetic guidelines were assessed. Results Among the 108,611 patients included in this study, 6 classes and 17 antiemetic drugs were identified as monotherapy or combination therapy in 93,872 patients (86.4%), whereas 14,739 patients (13.6%) were administered no antiemetic treatment. 5‐hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonists (5‐HT3RAs) and glucocorticoids were the two most frequently used classes of antiemetics, followed by metoclopramide. NK1RAs were underused across the six cities, only 9332 (8.6%) and 1655 (1.5%) cisplatin‐based treatments were prescribed aprepitant and fosaprepitant, respectively. Prescriptions of olanzapine and lorazepam were very low throughout the study period. In prescribing patterns of antiemetic drugs, dual combination regimens were the most common (40.0%), followed by triple combination therapy and monotherapy (25.8% and 15.1%, respectively). Overall, the adherence to antiemetic guidelines for patients undergoing cisplatin‐based regimens was only 8.1% due to inadequate prescription of antiemetic drugs. Finally, our study also revealed that 5‐HT3RAs and glucocorticoids were overprescribed in 8.8% and 1.6% of patients, respectively. Conclusions The current study reveals suboptimal utilization of recommended antiemetic drugs for managing cisplatin‐based HEC‐induced nausea and vomiting in China. Improving the management of CINV is crucial, and these findings provide valuable insights into optimizing antiemetic drug practices.
Cdna Microarray Analysis of Gene Expression Changes Induced by Dexamethasone in Cultured Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells Materials and Methods Cell Culture

1 PURPOSE. To profile gene expression changes induced by dexa-methasone in cultured human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells and identify genes related to the occurrence of steroid-induced glaucoma. METHODS. At confluence, dexamethasone (final concentration 10 Ϫ7 M in 0.1% ethanol) or vehicle alone (control, 0.1% etha-nol) was applied to cultured human TM cells from eyes of four normal subjects. After 7 days of application, a labeled cDNA probe was synthesized from extracted total RNA and hybrid-ized to a human cDNA microarray containing 2400 genes. After hybridization, the tyramide signal was amplified, and the fluorescent signals on each microarray were scanned and analyzed. RESULTS. In dexamethasone-treated TM cells, simultaneous analysis of 2400 human genes indicated a more than twofold increase in 30 genes. Five of them, myocilin (MYOC), decorin, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2, ferritin L chain, and fibulin-1C, were the most upregulated genes with higher-than-control expression levels in all four experiments. Their upregulation was further confirmed by semiquantitative RT-PCR. Downregulation, with fluorescent signals decreased to less than a half, was found in 34 genes. The dexamethasone-induced expression changes in most of these TM cell genes have not been reported previously. CONCLUSIONS. cDNA microarray is a useful tool for gene expression analysis that confirms previous reports of upregulated mRNA expression of MYOC after treatment with dexametha-sone in human TM cells. Changes in other genes subsequent to the treatment with dexamethasone may also reduce outflow facility, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of ste-roid-induced glaucoma. C orticosteroids such as dexamethasone are known to cause a form of open-angle glaucoma that involves increased resistance to aqueous humor outflow through the trabecular meshwork (TM). 1,2 In the normal population, 34% to 42% of patients treated with topically or generally administered corti-costeroids are termed " steroid responders, " because markedly elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) develops after several weeks. 3,4 By contrast, up to 90% of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) are considered steroid respond-ers. 1,3,4 When steroid treatment is stopped, the IOP in most steroid responders usually returns to normal within several weeks, although in some cases it remains elevated. Several possible mechanisms for steroid-induced elevation of IOP have been proposed, based on histologic studies of human TM from eyes with steroid-induced glaucoma and on experimental studies of organ-cultured human eyes and cultured TM cells. Proposed mechanisms include: accumulation or deposition of extracellular matrix material, 5–10 decreased protease and stromelysin activities, 11,12 reorganization of …
Pyrosequencing analysis of the protist communities in a High Arctic meromictic lake: DNA preservation and change

High Arctic meromictic lakes are extreme environments characterized by cold temperatures, low nutrient inputs from their polar desert catchments and prolonged periods of low irradiance and darkness. These lakes are permanently stratified with an oxygenated freshwater layer (mixolimnion) overlying a saline, anoxic water column (monimolimnion). The physical and chemical properties of the deepest known lake of this type in the circumpolar Arctic, Lake A, on the far northern coast of Ellesmere Island, Canada, have been studied over the last 15 years, but little is known about the lake’s biological communities. We applied high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene to investigate the protist communities down the water column at three sampling times: under the ice at the end of winter in 2008, during an unusual period of warming and ice-out the same year, and again under the ice in mid-summer 2009. Sequences of many protist taxa occurred throughout the water column at all sampling times, including in the deep anoxic layer where growth is highly unlikely. Furthermore, there were sequences for taxonomic groups including diatoms and marine taxa, which have never been observed in Lake A by microscopic analysis. However, the sequences of other taxa such as ciliates, chrysophytes, Cercozoa, and Telonema varied with depth, between years and during the transition to ice-free conditions. These seasonally active taxa in the surface waters of the lake are thus sensitive to depth and change with time. DNA from these taxa is superimposed upon background DNA from multiple internal and external sources that is preserved in the deep, cold, largely anoxic water column.
Corticosteroids for Guillain-Barré syndrome.

BACKGROUND Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute paralysing disease caused by inflammation of the peripheral nerves, which corticosteroids would be expected to benefit. OBJECTIVES To examine the ability of corticosteroids to hasten recovery and reduce the long-term morbidity from GBS. SEARCH METHODS On 12 January 2016, we searched the Cochrane Neuromuscular Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, and Embase. We also searched trials registries. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs of any form of corticosteroid or adrenocorticotrophic hormone versus placebo or supportive care alone in GBS. Our primary outcome was change in disability grade on a seven-point scale after four weeks. Secondary outcomes included time from randomisation until recovery of unaided walking, time from randomisation until discontinuation of ventilation (for those ventilated), death, death or disability (inability to walk without aid) after 12 months, relapse, and adverse events. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The review authors used standard methods expected by Cochrane. MAIN RESULTS The review authors discovered no new trials in the new searches in June 2009, November 2011, or January 2016. Six trials with 587 participants provided data for the primary outcome. According to moderate quality evidence, the disability grade change after four weeks in the corticosteroid groups was not significantly different from that in the control groups, mean difference (MD) 0.36 less improvement (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.16 more to 0.88 less improvement). In four trials of oral corticosteroids with 120 participants in total, there was very low quality evidence of less improvement after four weeks with corticosteroids than without corticosteroids, MD 0.82 disability grades less improvement (95% CI 0.17 to 1.47 grades less). In two trials with a combined total of 467 participants, there was moderate quality evidence of no significant difference of a disability grade more improvement after four weeks with intravenous corticosteroids (MD 0.17, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.39). According to moderate quality evidence, there was also no significant difference between the corticosteroid treated and control groups for improvement by one or more grades after four weeks (risk ratio (RR) 1.08, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.24) or for death or disability after one year (RR 1.51, 95% CI 0.91 to 2.5). We found high quality evidence that the occurrence of diabetes was more common (RR 2.21, 95% CI 1.19 to 4.12) and hypertension less common (RR 0.15, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.41) in the corticosteroid-treated participants. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS According to moderate quality evidence, corticosteroids given alone do not significantly hasten recovery from GBS or affect the long-term outcome. According to very low quality evidence, oral corticosteroids delay recovery. Diabetes requiring insulin was more common and hypertension less common with corticosteroids based on high quality evidence.
Polymorphisms of the gene encoding Kit ligand are associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that affects infants born preterm. Family studies indicate that BPD has a significant genetic component. Rationale: We assessed the gene encoding Kit ligand (KITLG) as a candidate for genetic predisposition to moderate‐to‐severe BPD (controls were infants with no or mild BPD). Study design: Eight KITLG‐tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed in cohorts of very preterm infants originating from northern Finland (56 cases and 197 controls), southern Finland (n = 59 + 52), and Canada (n = 58 + 68). Additional replication populations included infants born in Finland (n = 41 + 241) and Hungary (n = 29 + 40). All infants were of European origin. Results were controlled for risk factors of BPD. Kit ligand concentration in umbilical cord blood, collected from very preterm infants (n = 120), was studied. Results: Six SNPs of KITLG and a haplotype including all eight genotyped SNPs were associated with moderate‐to‐severe BPD in the northern Finnish population. When all the populations were combined, SNP rs11104948 was significantly associated with BPD. Kit ligand concentration in umbilical cord blood of infants born very preterm was an independent risk factor of BPD. Conclusions: We show that KITLG polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to moderate‐to‐severe BPD. In addition, higher Kit ligand concentrations were observed in infants that subsequently developed BPD. These results support the possibility that KITLG gene is involved in predisposition to BPD. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:260–270. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ThroughDesign : for a Design Artefact Scientific Context ?

The use of design artefacts in research is a debatable topic which raises important questions about the different approaches to design research and legitimate ways of knowledge produ involves construction of a design process. This paper will outline some characteristics of out of such research practices, seeking nature of research design artefact We will examine the process of translation from the into the design brief, into the prototype, back to the question, back to the prototype; until the design artefact (temporarily) discarded. The artefact serve a utilitarian purpose, but provide an explicit feedback about their use and the experience they invoke. In terms of design, they are like code with a lot of debugging print statements. when they do, different levels of independence from the studio setting can be identified.
Impact of Multiple Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Polymorphisms on Risk of Upper Aerodigestive Tract Cancers in a Japanese Population

Alcohol intake is positively associated with the risk of upper aerodigestive tract (UAT) cancer. The genes that encode alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, primarily alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH), are polymorphic. In Caucasians, significant associations between polymorphisms in ADH1B (rs1229984) and ADH1C (rs698 and rs1693482), and UAT cancer have been observed, despite strong linkage disequilibrium among them. Moreover, UAT cancer was significantly associated with rs1573496 in ADH7, and not with rs1984362 in ADH4. However, little evidence is available concerning ADH4 or ADH7 polymorphisms in Asian populations. We conducted a matched case-control study to clarify the role of ADH polymorphisms in a Japanese population. Cases and controls were 585 patients with UAT cancer and 1,170 noncancer outpatients. Genotyping for ADHs and ALDH2 was done using TaqMan assays. Associations between polymorphisms and UAT cancer were assessed by odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using conditional logistic regression models that adjusted for age, sex, smoking, drinking, and ALDH2. Adjusted odds ratios were significant for rs4148887 and rs3805322 in ADH4, rs1229984 in ADH1B, rs698 and rs1693482 in ADH1C, and rs284787, rs1154460, and rs3737482 in ADH7. We also observed that ADH7 rs3737482 and ADH4 rs4148887 had independently and statistically significant effects on UAT cancer. The magnitude of effect of these ADH polymorphisms was greater in subjects who were heavy drinkers, heavy smokers, and had esophageal cancer. These findings show that multiple ADH gene polymorphisms were associated with UAT cancer in this Japanese population. Further studies in various ethnicities are required. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(11):3097–102)
Ganglioside Treatment and Improved Axonal Regeneration Capacity in Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy

The efficacy of gangliosides in enhancing axonal regeneration and maturation in the early stages of diabetic neuropathy was assessed by quantitative analysis of immunostained serial sections of the sciatic nerve. Sprague-Dawley rats were made diabetic with a single injection of alloxan (100 mg/kg). One week later they were injected daily intraperitoneally with either a highly purified ganglioside mixture (10 mg/kg) or sterile saline for 4 wk. At the end of the treatment, sciatic nerves were crushed and allowed to regenerate for 1 wk without ganglioside treatment. The animals were then killed, and the nerves were frozen and processed for immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The number of regrowing axons was counted with a computerized image-analysis system on cross sections taken at predefined distances along the regenerating stump and stained with monoclonal antibody iC8 specific for the 145,000-M subunit of the neurofilaments. In untreated diabetic animals the number of axons able to regenerate and sustain elongation for ≥13 mm from the crush point was reduced by 40% with respect to control rats. Ganglioside treatment was effective in compensating almost completely for this dramatic reduction. Electron microscopy confirmed that the immunofluorescence counts corresponded to regenerating axons containing neurofilaments. These results suggest that gangliosides are able to compensate for the derangements of axonal transport of cytoskeletal proteins reported in experimental diabetic neuropathy.
Drawings of Representational Images by Upper Paleolithic Humans and their Absence in Neanderthals Reflect Historical Differences in Hunting Wary Game

Abstract One characteristic of the transition from the Middle Paleolithic to the Upper Paleolithic in Europe was the emergence of representational charcoal drawings and engravings by Aurignacian and Gravettian artists. European Neanderthals never engaged in representational drawing during the Middle and Early Upper Paleolithic, a property that might reflect less developed visuomotor coordination. This article postulates a causal relationship between an evolved ability of anatomically modern humans to throw spears accurately while hunting and their ability to draw representational images from working memory. Unlike Neanderthals, archaic and anatomically modern humans in sub-Saharan Africa adopted longer-range hunting practices using hand-cast spears as a compensation for the emergence of increasingly wary game. For Neanderthals, paleoclimatic fluctuations likely precluded consistent hunting of cold-adapted game, a property making game more approachable for close-range hunting with thrusting spears. As evidence of less historical wariness of humans, many of the species hunted by Neanderthals were eventually domesticated. Due to strong sources of natural selection on archaic and anatomically modern humans for effective hunting, the parietal cortex that integrates visual imagery and motor coordination expanded progressively, yielding the globular shape of the human cranium that is not evident in Neanderthals. To characterize how the cognitive properties employed for throwing spears and drawing line work are similar, the Upper Paleolithic drawings of animals in Chauvet cave, France, are discussed in the speculative context of how these artists engaged simultaneously in overt attention to guide their hand movements and covert attention to their mental images during the drawing process.
Ulcerative sarcoidosis: case report and review of the Japanese literature.

,Sarcoidosis is a chronic multi-system disease of unknown origin involving the eyes, skin, lungs, heart, bones and nerves. Skin lesions are relatively common, and are clas-sified as either specific or non-specific (1). Specific le-sions are those that show the typical sarcoid granulomas, including lupus pernio, infiltrated plaques, maculopapular eruptions, subcutaneous nodules and infiltration of old scars (1). The most typical non-specific skin lesion is erythema nodosum. The patient described here had skin lesions that first suggested a diagnosis of erythema indu-ratum of Bazin, but we ultimately diagnosed sarcoidosis based on other findings, including uveitis, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, an increased level of serum angio-tensin-converting enzymes (ACE) and a negative response to purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD). CASE REPORT
Mapping Motor Inhibition: Conjunctive Brain Activations across Different Versions of Go/No-Go and Stop Tasks

Conjunction analysis methods were used in functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate brain regions commonly activated in subjects performing different versions of go/no-go and stop tasks, differing in probability of inhibitory signals and/or contrast conditions. Generic brain activation maps highlighted brain regions commonly activated in (a) two different go/no-go task versions, (b) three different stop task versions, and (c) all 5 inhibition task versions. Comparison between the generic activation maps of stop and go/no-go task versions revealed inhibitory mechanisms specific to go/no-go or stop task performance in 15 healthy, right-handed, male adults. In the go/no-go task a motor response had to be selectively executed or inhibited in either 50% or 30% of trials. In the stop task, the motor response to a go-stimulus had to be retracted on either 50 or 30% of trials, indicated by a stop signal, shortly (250 ms) following the go-stimulus. The shared "inhibitory" neurocognitive network by all inhibition tasks comprised mesial, medial, and inferior frontal and parietal cortices. Generic activation of the go/no-go task versions identified bilateral, but more predominantly left hemispheric mesial, medial, and inferior frontal and parietal cortices. Common activation to all stop task versions was in predominantly right hemispheric anterior cingulate, supplementary motor area, inferior prefrontal, and parietal cortices. On direct comparison between generic stop and go/no-go activation maps increased BOLD signal was observed in left hemispheric dorsolateral prefrontal, medial, and parietal cortices during the go/no-go task, presumably reflecting a left frontoparietal specialization for response selection.
By downregulating TIAM1 expression, microRNA-329 suppresses gastric cancer invasion and growth

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Emerging evidence has shown that abnormal microRNAs (miRNAs) expression is involved in tumorigenesis. MiR-329 was previously reported to act as a tumor suppressor or oncogene in some types of cancer. However, its function in gastric cancer (GC) is unclear. Here, we found that miR-329 was down-regulated in GC compared with adjacent controls. Enforced expression of miR-329 inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells in vitro. We identified T lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1 (TIAM1) gene as potential target of miR-329. MiR-329 levels inversely correlated with TIAM1 expression in GC. Importantly, TIAM1 rescued the miR-329-mediated inhibition of cell invasion and proliferation. Finally, reintroduction of miR-329 significantly inhibited tumor formation of GC in the xenograft mice. Our findings suggest that miR-329 is a tumor suppressor and potential therapeutic target of GC
Flexural Behaviors of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Reinforced Engineered Cementitious Composite Beams

Broad applications of fiber-reinforced polymer reinforcement are hindered by its elastic brittle behavior, resulting in reduced structural ductility. In addition, due to the lower modulus of elasticity, serviceability considerations such as deflection and crack width control present serious challenges to designers. This paper reports new means to address these issues by introducing engineered cementitious composite (ECC), which is designed based on micromechanics principles and exhibits higher tensile and shear ductility, to replace brittle concrete matrix. Three series, totaling 16 GFRP reinforced beams with various shear span-depth and longitudinal reinforcement ratios, were tested. Results reveal that, under the same reinforcement configurations, ECC beams exhibit significant increases in flexural performance in terms of ductility, load-carrying capacity, shear resistance, and damage tolerance compared with the counterpart high-strength concrete (HSC) beam. The extent of improvement strongly depended on the failure mode. Moreover, ECC beams without shear reinforcement show better performance than HSC beams with dense steel stirrups, suggesting elimination of shear reinforcement is feasible when the concrete matrix is replaced by ECC.