Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time Use in Forensic Psychiatry: An Exploratory Study of Patients' Time Use at a Swedish Forensic Psychiatric Clinic

Individuals who are treated in mandated forensic psychiatry often spend considerable amounts of time in inpatient treatment. In spite of the fact that there is prescriptive literature identifying how to treat offending issues and substance abuse the study found that treatment addressing this was scarce. The present study examined how time was used by mapping patients' time use in 48 randomly selected days. Information on activities from a 24 hour period divided into 15 minutes segments was recorded. In total, 122 different activities were found and they were grouped into 5 categories, sleep and rest, unstructured activities, daily routines, structured activities, and treatment. Average time use in the different categories was 9.07 hours of sleep and rest, 8.60 hours of unstructured activities, 4.42 hours of daily routines, 1.60 hours of structured activities, and 0.31 hours of treatment. No significant differences in time use on treatment between subgroups of individuals such as diagnoses of substance use, psychotic disorders, personality disorder or assessed as high or low violence risk were found.
Non-parametric synthesis of laminar volumetric textures from a 2D sample

The goal of this paper is to evaluate non-parametric algorithms that achieve 3D texture synthesis from a single 2D sample. The algorithms under study are variants of the algorithm proposed by Wei and Levoy [1]. Several authors have proposed different algorithms that intend to better reproduce, in the output texture, the diversity learned in the input sample. Hence, we turn our attention to the improved algorithm proposed by Kopf et al. [2] and the particular histogram matching approach of Chen and Wang [3]. In addition, we propose to visit the voxels during synthesis according to the 3D extension of space filling curves. We investigate the algorithms capability to reproduce anisotropic textures. In particular we are interested in laminar textures, i.e. textures made of anisotropic sheets stacked along a given direction. Examples of such textures are snapshots of dense carbons observed by high resolution transmission electronic microscopy (HRTEM). Beyond the traditional subjective evaluation of the synthesized textures, we propose a genuine quantitative benchmark for the analysis of the synthesized textures which consists in comparing input and output gray level statistics and patterns morphology.
Restless legs syndrome, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, and hypersomnia in patients with two parkin mutations

Parkin gene mutations cause a juvenile parkinsonism. Patients with these mutations may commonly exhibit REM sleep behaviour disorders, but other sleep problems (insomnia, sleepiness, restless legs syndrome) have not been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sleep‐wake phenotype in patients with two parkin mutations, compared with patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD). Sleep interview and overnight video‐polysomnography, followed by multiple sleep latency tests, were assessed in 11 consecutive patients with two parkin mutations (aged 35–60 years, from seven families) and 11 sex‐matched patients with iPD (aged 51–65 years). Sleep complaints in the parkin group included insomnia (73% patients versus 45% in the iPD group), restless legs syndrome (45%, versus none in the iPD group, P = 0.04), and daytime sleepiness (45%, versus 54% in the iPD group). Of the parkin patients, 45% had REM sleep without atonia, but only 9% had a definite REM sleep behavior disorder. All sleep measures were similar in the parkin and iPD groups. Two parkin siblings had a central hypersomnia, characterized by mean daytime sleep latencies of 3 min, no sleep onset REM periods, and normal nighttime sleep. Although the patients with two parkin mutations were young, their sleep phenotype paralleled the clinical and polygraphic sleep recording abnormalities reported in iPD, except that restless legs syndrome was more prevalent and secondary narcolepsy was absent. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
In the Aftermath of an Acquisition

This study examines how the POIs of members of an online retail organization were affected after an acquisition. The authors find that (a) POI is more complex than previously understood, and continuity, change and confusion in POI can coexist. (b) The organizational change reactivated previously unresolved POI issues. (c) The structure of POI includes cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions, and changes occurred in these dimensions. (d) Top managers and employees who have more interactions with outsiders in their jobs tend to be more confused and make less POI change than employees who primarily deal with internal operations. Finally, (e) the image of the acquired organization and the change strategies used are triggers of POI confusion and/or change in the acquiring organization. This article highlights the experience of individuals in the acquiring organization and suggests that POI is an important lens for understanding and managing organizational changes.
Congenital malformations in the rat following induced hyperthermia during gestation.

Hyperthermia induced in pregnant rats by exposures for 40 to 60 minutes in an incubator that raised deep body temperatures from 38.1 ± 0.51 to 42.7 ± 0.62°C produced increased fetal resorptions, retardation of growth, and a number of development defects. Grossly apparent fetal malformations included microphthalmia following hyperthermia on day 9 of pregnancy, anencephaly on day 10, and defects of tails, limbs, toes, palate, and body on days 12 to 14.
Quantitative EEG analysis of REM sleep in children with Down syndrome.

PURPOSE The aim was to compare quantitative EEG analysis of REM sleep in children with Down syndrome (DS) and normal age-matched controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-one channel EEG of 21 patients with Down syndrome and 21 normal children, with ages ranging from 1 to 8 years, were submitted to quantitative analysis EEG of discharge-free epochs. The signals were recorded using a set of 17 (F3, F4, F7, F8, Fz, C3, C4, Cz, P3, P4, Pz, O1, O2, T3, T4, T5, T6) scalp electrodes. For each child, 20 artifact-free EEG epochs, each of 2 s without epileptiform discharges were selected for spectral analysis to calculate spectral power. Delta, theta, alpha and beta frequency ranges were compared between groups for all electrode positions. RESULTS Quantitative analysis of the REM sleep from DS group disclosed reduction of the power mainly in the alpha when comparing the healthy group. Beta, theta and delta bands did not differ significantly between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings agree with recent evidences that these children may differ from children normal development.
Ultrasound for Appendicitis: Performance and Integration with Clinical Parameters

Objective. To evaluate the performance of ultrasound in pediatric appendicitis and the integration of US with the pediatric appendicitis score (PAS) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Method. An institution-based, retrospective study of children who underwent abdominal US for suspected appendicitis between 2012 and 2015 at a tertiary pediatric surgery center. US results were dichotomized, with a nonvisualized appendix considered as a negative examination. Results. In total, 438 children were included (mean 8.5 years, 54% boys), with an appendicitis rate of 29%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for US were 82%, 97%, 92%, and 93%, respectively, without significant age or gender differences. Pediatric radiologists had significantly higher sensitivity compared to general radiologists, 88% and 71%, respectively (p < 0.01), but no differences were seen for specificity, PPV, and NPV. The sensitivity, NPV, and negative likelihood ratio for the combination of negative US, PAS < 5, and CRP < 5 mg/L were 98%, 98%, and 0.05 (95% CI 0.03–0.15). Conclusion. US may be a useful tool for evaluating children with suspected appendicitis, regardless of age or gender, and should be the first choice of imaging modalities. Combining US with PAS and CRP may reduce several unnecessary admissions for in-hospital observation.
Determinants of Noncompliance to Clinic Appointments and Medications among Nigerian Children with Epilepsy: Experience in a Tertiary Health Facility in Enugu, Nigeria

Purpose. To determine the frequency and determinants of noncompliance to clinic appointment and medication among Nigerian children with epilepsy. Method. This is a cross-sectional survey of noncompliance to clinic appointments and medication among 113 consecutive children with epilepsy attending the Paediatric Neurology Clinic of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, southeastern Nigeria. Results. Noncompliance to clinic appointment and medication was 23% and 15.3%, respectively. The major reasons given were lack of finance, clashing with school time, and forgetting to take the drugs. Children whose mothers were less educated and unemployed were more likely to miss clinic appointments. Noncompliance to medication was associated with poor seizure control. Children that were on phenobarbitone were more likely to be noncompliant with medication than those on sodium valproate and/or carbamazepine. Conclusion. Missed clinic appointment and medication noncompliance are common among Nigerian children with epilepsy and financial constraint is the most common reason.
Clonal cytotoxic T cells are expanded in myeloma and reside in the CD 8 1 CD 57 1 CD 28 2 compartment

The occurrence of clonal T cells in multiple myeloma (MM), as defined by the presence of rearrangements in the T-cell receptor (TCR)–b chains detected on Southern blotting, is associated with an improved prognosis. Recently, with the use of specific anti–TCR-variable-b (anti– TCRVb) antibodies, the presence in MM patients of expanded populations of T cells expressing particular V b regions was reported. The majority of these T-cell expansions have the phenotype of cytotoxic T cells (CD8 1CD571 and perforin positive). Since V b expansions can result from either a true clonal population or a polyclonal response, the clonality of CD8TCRVb T cells was tested by TCRV b complementarity-determining region 3 length analysis and DNA sequencing of the variable region of the TCR. In this report, the CD57 1 and CD572 subpopulations within expanded TCRV bCD8 cell populations are compared, and it is demonstrated that the CD57 1 subpopulations are generally monoclonal or biclonal, whereas the corresponding CD57 2 cells are frequently polyclonal. The oligoclonality of CD57 1 expanded CD8 1 T cells but not their CD57 2 counterparts was also observed in age-matched controls, in which the T-cell expansions were mainly CD82. The CD81CD571 clonal T cells had a low rate of turnover and expressed relatively lower levels of the apoptotic marker CD95 than their CD57 2 counterparts. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that MM is associated with CD571CD81 T-cell clones, raising the possibility that the expansion and accumulation of activated clonal CD8 1 T cells in MM may be the result of persistent stimulation by tumor-associated antigens, combined with a reduced cellular death rate secondary to reduced expression of the apoptosis-related molecule CD95. (Blood. 2001;98:2817-2827)
Suppression of Migration and Invasion of PC3 Prostate Cancer Cell Line via Activating E-Cadherin Expression by Small Activating RNA

ABSTRACT Small activating RNAs are a recently discovered group of small, noncoding, and double-stranded RNA molecules that can induce sequence-specific transcriptional gene activation by targeting gene promoter regions. In the present study, we demonstrate that induction of E-cadherin expression by small activating RNA leads to suppression of migration and invasion of PC3 prostate cancer cells. The inhibitory effect was associated with relocalization of β -catenin from the nucleus to the plasma membrane and decreased β -catenin-mediated transactivation. These data suggest that activation of E-cadherin by small activating RNA may have a therapeutic benefit for prostate and other types of cancer.
Potential protective effects of autophagy activated in MPP+ treated astrocytes

Astrocytes, which have various important functions, have previously been associated with Parkinsons disease (PD), particularly in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) models of PD. MPP+ is the toxic metabolite of MPTP and is generated by the enzymatic activity of monoamine oxidase B, which is predominantly located in astrocytes. MPP+ acts as a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved self-digestion pathway in eukaryotic cells, which occurs in response to various types of stress, including starvation and oxidative stress. Lithium treatment has previously been shown to induce autophagy in astrocytes by inhibiting the enzyme inositol monophosphatase, which may aid in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington's disease, in which the toxic protein is an autophagy substrate. Therefore, using western blotting and MTT assay, the present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of lithium-induced autophagy against astrocyte injury caused by MPP+ treatment, as well as the potential underlying mechanisms. The results of the present study suggested that lithium was able to induce autophagy in astrocytes treated with MPP+, and this likely occurred via activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway.
Production and reutilization of an extracellular phosphatidylinositol catabolite, glycerophosphoinositol, by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Phosphatidylinositol catabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is known to result in the formation of extracellular glycerophosphoinositol (GroPIns). We now report that S. cerevisiae not only produces but also reutilizes extracellular GroPIns and that these processes are regulated in response to inositol availability. A wild-type strain uniformly prelabeled with [3H] inositol displayed dramatically higher extracellular GroPIns levels when cultured in medium containing inositol than when cultured in medium lacking inositol. This difference in extracellular accumulation of GroPIns in response to inositol availability was shown to be a result of both regulated production and regulated reutilization. In a strain in which a negative regulator of phospholipid and inositol biosynthesis had been deleted (an opi1 mutant), this pattern of extracellular GroPIns accumulation in response to inositol availability was altered. An inositol permease mutant (itr1 itr2), which is unable to transport free inositol, was able to incorporate label from exogenous glycerophospho [3H]inositol, indicating that the inositol label did not enter the cell solely via the transporters encoded by itr1 and itr2. Kinetic studies of a wild-type strain and an itr1 itr2 mutant strain revealed that at least two mechanisms exist for the utilization of exogenous GroPIns: an inositol transporter-dependent mechanism and an inositol transporter-independent mechanism. The inositol transporter-independent pathway of exogenous GroPIns utilization displayed saturation kinetics and was energy dependent. Labeling studies employing [14C]glycerophospho[3H] inositol indicated that, while GroPIns enters the cell intact, the inositol moiety but not the glycerol moiety is incorporated into lipids.
Mesofluidic Devices for DNA-Programmed Combinatorial Chemistry

Hybrid combinatorial chemistry strategies that use DNA as an information-carrying medium are proving to be powerful tools for molecular discovery. In order to extend these efforts, we present a highly parallel format for DNA-programmed chemical library synthesis. The new format uses a standard microwell plate footprint and is compatible with commercially available automation technology. It can accommodate a wide variety of combinatorial synthetic schemes with up to 384 different building blocks per chemical step. We demonstrate that fluidic routing of DNA populations in the highly parallel format occurs with excellent specificity, and that chemistry on DNA arrayed into 384 well plates proceeds robustly, two requirements for the high-fidelity translation and efficient in vitro evolution of small molecules.
Comparison of posterior fossa decompression with and without duraplasty for the surgical treatment of Chiari malformation Type I in pediatric patients: a meta-analysis.

OBJECT Surgery for Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I) is one of the most common neurosurgical procedures performed in children, although there is clearly no consensus among practitioners about which surgical method is preferred. The objective of this meta-analysis was to compare the outcome of posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty (PFDD) and posterior fossa decompression without duraplasty (PFD) for the treatment of CM-I in children. METHODS The authors searched Medline-Ovid, The Cochrane Library, and the conference proceedings of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and the Congress of Neurological Surgeons (2000-2007) for studies meeting the following inclusion criteria: 1) surgical treatment of CM-I; 2) surgical techniques of PFD and PFDD being reported in a single cohort; and 3) patient age < 18 years. RESULTS Five retrospective and 2 prospective cohort studies involving a total of 582 patients met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Of the 582 patients, 316 were treated with PFDD and 266 were treated with PFD alone. Patient age ranged from 6 months to 18 years. Patients undergoing PFDD had a significantly lower reoperation rate (2.1 vs 12.6%, risk ratio [RR] 0.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.08-0.69) and a higher rate of cerebrospinal fluid-related complications (18.5 vs 1.8%, RR 7.64, 95% CI 2.53-23.09) than those undergoing PFD. No significant differences in either clinical improvement (78.6 vs 64.6%, RR 1.23, 95% CI 0.95-1.59) or syringomyelia decrease (87.0 vs 56.3%, RR 1.43, 95% CI 0.91-2.25) were noted between PFDD and PFD. CONCLUSIONS Posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty is associated with a lower risk of reoperation than PFD but a greater risk for cerebrospinal fluid-related complications. There was no significant difference between the 2 operative techniques with respect to clinical improvement or decrease in syringomyelia.
The Mennonite Central Committee (MCC) and faith‐based NGO aid to Africa

The authors examine the role of international faith‐based NGOs in foreign aid and development assistance for Africa, with special reference to the Mennonite Central Committee (MCC). The MCC is successful in its contribution to development and empowerment in the 20 African countries in which it works because of its philosophical and programmatic focus on accountability, its holistic approach to basic rights, and a ‘listen and learn’ approach which embraces empowerment and social justice. Although a ‘small is beautiful’ philosophy does not necessarily feed the ‘quick fix’ methods associated with the New Policy Agenda, it remains the most effective, efficient, accountable, and grassroots‐responsive way of dealing with development issues.
News Coverage of the Gulf Crisis and Public Opinion

This article documents three types of media effects that operated on public opinion during the Persian Gulf crisis and war. First, the level of network news coverage matched the proportion of Gallup poll respondents naming the Gulf crisis as the nation's most important problem (agenda-setting). Second, use of data from the 1988, 1990, and 1991 National Election Studies (NES) shows that the weight respondents accorded foreign policy performance when evaluating George Bush significantly increased (priming) in the aftermath of the Gulf crisis. Third, content data (showing that network news coverage was preoccupied with military affairs and highly event oriented) and survey data are coupled to show that respondents reporting higher rates of exposure to television news expressed greater support for a military as opposed to a diplomatic response to the crisis (framing). In conclusion, it is suggested that these effects, in combination with the nature of the media's information sources, were conducive to legitimizing the administration's perspective on the crisis.
Alizarin and Chrysazin Inhibit Biofilm and Hyphal Formation by Candida albicans

Candida albicans is one of the most common pathogen causes fungal infections. This opportunistic pathogen can form biofilms comprised of yeast, hyphae and pseudo hyphal elements, and the hyphal form C. albicans considered as probable virulence factor. We investigated the antibiofilm activities of 13 quinones and anthraquinones related compounds against C. albicans biofilms by using crystal violet and 2,3-bis (2-Methoxy-4-Nitro-5-Sulfo-phenyl)-2H-Tetrazolium-5-Carboxanilide (XTT) reduction assays to assess inhibitions of biofilm growth. Morphological changes in biofilms and biofilm thicknesses were determined by scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively. It was found alizarin (1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone) and chrysazin (1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone) suppressed C. albicans biofilm formation. Interestingly, alizarin and chrysazin at only 2 μg/ml effectively inhibited hyphal formation and prolonged the survival of C. albicans infected Caenorhabditis elegans, thus showing a distinct antivirulent potential. A structural activity relationship study of alizarin and 6 other anthraquinones showed the presence of a hydroxyl group at C-1 position which is important for antibiofilm and antifilamentation activities. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that alizarin downregulated the expression of several hypha-specific and biofilm related genes (ALS3, ECE1, ECE2, and RBT1). Furthermore, unlike the commercial antifungal drug fluconazole, no acute toxic effect was observed when uninfected nematodes were exposed to alizarin at concentrations up to 1 mg/ml. The results of this study indicate alizarin suppresses the virulence of C. albicans in vivo which suggests alizarin may be considered as a potential candidate for further investigations to develop antifungal agent against fungal pathogen in vivo.
Calibration of subjective scaling responses

Subjective scaling is being used more frequently to assess the lighting characteristics of interiors, although there has been little attempt to validate the responses that subjects provide. It is argued that investigators using subjective scaling should calibrate their subjects in some way because idiosyncratic responses can alter averaged scaling estimates. In this experiment task contrast was varied and estimates of visual performance (speed and accuracy) were collected simultaneously with subjective responses on seven-point semantic scales. Subjects exhibited sterotypical behaviour on the performance measures; their scaling responses were quite idiosyncratic, although some subjective responses to the experimental parameters varied like the performance responses. It is argued that visual performance measures could be used to calibrate subjective scaling responses.