Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Explicit extraction of topical context

This article studies one of the main bottlenecks in providing more effective information access: the poverty on the query end. We explore whether users can classify keyword queries into categories from the DMOZ directory on different levels and whether this topical context can help retrieval performance. We have conducted a user study to let participants classify queries into DMOZ categories, either by freely searching the directory or by selection from a list of suggestions. Results of the study show that DMOZ categories are suitable for topic categorization. Both free search and list selection can be used to elicit topical context. Free search leads to more specific categories than the list selections. Participants in our study show moderate agreement on the categories they select, but broad agreement on the higher levels of chosen categories. The free search categories significantly improve retrieval effectiveness. The more general list selection categories and the top-level categories do not lead to significant improvements. Combining topical context with blind relevance feedback leads to better results than applying either of them separately. We conclude that DMOZ is a suitable resource for interacting with users on topical categories applicable to their query, and can lead to better search results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A promising marker in early diagnosis of septic acute kidney injury of critically ill patients: urine insulin like growth factor binding protein-7

Abstract Aim: An ideal biomarker for early diagnosis of septic acute kidney injury (AKI) should reflect renal stress or damage at initiation point, at cellular level. The aim of this study was to assess the role of a urinary cell cycle arrest marker, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) in early diagnosis of septic AKI in adult critical care patients. Methods: This was a single-center prospective cohort study. Patients without AKI, admitted to a medical intensive care unit (ICU) between January 2010 and March 2013, were included. According to ‘sepsis’ and ‘AKI’ development during their ICU stay, they were grouped as ‘sepsis-non AKI’, ‘sepsis-AKI’ and ‘non-sepsis-non AKI (control)’. Among these groups, urine IGFBP7 was studied and compared with Human ELISA Kit/96 Test/USCNK® first on admission and then on daily collected serial urine samples. Results: A total of 118 patients formed the cohort; 52 in sepsis-non AKI, 43 in sepsis-AKI, 23 in control group. Admission urine IGFBP7 predicted septic AKI development with 72% sensitivity and 70% specificity for a threshold level of 2.5 ng/mL with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70–0.88). No impact of sepsis was observed on urine IGFBP7 levels in the absence of AKI. In the septic AKI group urine IGFBP7 levels continuously increased up to the day of AKI development and high levels were suspended for 10 days further. Conclusion: Admission urine IGFBP7 levels and following its course in ICUs can be used as a promising new biomarker for the early diagnosis of septic AKI development without being affected by sepsis itself.
Imaging of NKT Cell Recirculation and Tissue Migration during Antimicrobial Immunity

This Opinion article outlines the relative paucity and emphasizes the need to enhance our knowledge of how subsets of natural killer T (NKT) cells mediate immune mechanisms of elimination of microbial pathogens at sites of inflammation or infection. To date, most studies of how NKT cell subsets migrate upon antigen stimulation have focused on NKT cell activation in the spleen, lymph nodes (LN) and liver (1). Thus, there currently exists an unmet need to determine the patterns of recirculation and tissue migration of NKT cell subsets and interacting antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that occur at relevant mucosal surfaces in several other organs, including the lung, intestine, and colon. This article proposes and highlights the benefit of intravital cellular imaging in vivo of type I and type II NKT cell subsets as an important methodology that may enable the visualization of NKT–APC cellular interactions at mucosal surfaces and enhance the application of this methodology to clinical therapy of antimicrobial immunity.
Effects of oral monosodium (L)-glutamate on insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in healthy volunteers.

AIMS To investigate the effects of glutamate on insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in humans. METHODS Monosodium (L)-glutamate (10 g) was given orally in a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study to 18 healthy volunteers, aged 19-28 years, with an oral (75 g) glucose load. RESULTS The 75 min insulin response (AUC(0,75 min)), up to tmax of glutamate kinetics, was significantly correlated with the AUC(0,75 min) of glutamate concentrations (r=0.485, P=0.049). Glucose tolerance was not affected. CONCLUSIONS Oral (L)-glutamate enhances glucose-induced insulin secretion in healthy volunteers in a concentration-dependent manner.
Adaptive Clinical Trials: Advantages and Disadvantages of Various Adaptive Design Elements

There is a wide range of adaptive elements of clinical trial design (some old and some new), with differing advantages and disadvantages. Classical interim monitoring, which adapts the design based on early evidence of superiority or futility of a treatment arm, has long been known to be extremely useful. A more recent application of interim monitoring is in the use of phase II/III designs, which can be very effective (especially in the setting of multiple experimental treatments and a reliable intermediate end point) but do have the cost of having to commit earlier to the phase III question than if separate phase II and phase III trials were performed. Outcome-adaptive randomization is an older technique that has recently regained attention; it increases trial complexity and duration without offering substantial benefits to the patients in the trial. The use of adaptive trials with biomarkers is new and has great potential for efficiently identifying patients who will be helped most by specific treatments. Master protocols in which trial arms and treatment questions are added to an ongoing trial can be especially efficient in the biomarker setting, where patients are screened for entry into different subtrials based on evolving knowledge about targeted therapies. A discussion of three recent adaptive clinical trials (BATTLE-2, I-SPY 2, and FOCUS4) highlights the issues.
esearch on the influence of site factors on the expansion of construction land in he Pearl River Delta , China : By using GIS and remote sensing

Landsat TM images of the Pearl River Delta taken in 1988, 1998 and 2006 are used to explore the site factors that influence the construction land expansion in this study. Several site factors, including landscape types and the distances to roads, coastlines, or city centers, had significant impacts on the expansion of construction land, influencing the direction, scale and intensity of the expansion. The site factors serve eywords:
A Stochastic approximation method for inference in probabilistic graphical models

We describe a new algorithmic framework for inference in probabilistic models, and apply it to inference for latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA). Our framework adopts the methodology of variational inference, but unlike existing variational methods such as mean field and expectation propagation it is not restricted to tractable classes of approximating distributions. Our approach can also be viewed as a "population-based" sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) method, but unlike existing SMC methods there is no need to design the artificial sequence of distributions. Significantly, our framework offers a principled means to exchange the variance of an importance sampling estimate for the bias incurred through variational approximation. We conduct experiments on a difficult inference problem in population genetics, a problem that is related to inference for LDA. The results of these experiments suggest that our method can offer improvements in stability and accuracy over existing methods, and at a comparable cost.
Modified Newtonian dynamics of large-scale structure

We examine the implications of modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) on the large-scale structure in a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe. We employ a 'Jeans swindle' to write a MOND-type relationship between the fluctuations in the density and the gravitational force, g. In linear Newtonian theory, ‖g‖ decreases with time and eventually becomes <g 0 , the threshold below which MOND is dominant. If the Newtonian initial density field has a power-law power spectrum of index n < -1, then MOND-domination proceeds from the small to the large scale. At early times MOND tends to drive the density power spectrum towards k - 1 , independent of its shape in the Newtonian regime. We use N-body simulations to solve the MOND equations of motion, starting from initial conditions with a cold dark matter (CDM) power spectrum. MOND with the standard value go = 10 - 8 cm s - 2 yields a high clustering amplitude that can match the observed galaxy distribution only with strong (anti-) biasing. A value of g 0 10 - 9 cm s - 2 , however, gives results similar to Newtonian dynamics and can be consistent with the observed large-scale structure.
Reducing attrition after downsizing: Analyzing the effects of organizational support, supervisor support, and gender on organizational commitment

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to focus on organizational support factors that facilitate organizational commitment among downsizing survivors. High attrition by employees who “survive” layoffs is common and costly.Design/methodology/approach – Using a sample of 2,751 employees, a secondary analysis of employee survey data examined the effects of perceived organizational support (POS), perceived supervisor support (PSS), and gender on downsizing survivors' organizational commitment.Findings – Findings indicate that organizational commitment is positively related to both POS and PSS, with POS accounting for a greater increment of variance. When predicting organizational commitment subsequent to a downsizing, POS and PSS compensate for each other in that: POS moderates the association between PSS and organizational commitment, such that the relationship becomes stronger as the level of POS decreases; and PSS moderates the association between POS and organizational commitment, such that the relati.
Personal Relationships Across Cultures

Introduction: Studying Personal Relationships. The Development of Research into Personal Relationships Across Cultures. Relationships in a Cultural Setting. Relationship Formation. The Developing Relationships. Sexual Attitudes and Behaviour. Family Relations Across Cultures. Relationships at Work. Friendship and the Broader Social Network. Taking it Further: Implications and and Future Developments. Bibliography. Index.
The alpha band as an electrophysiological indicator for internalized attention and high mental workload in real traffic driving.

The work herewith presented represents the first time that the impact of secondary loading tasks added to drivers’ mental workload while underway has been evaluated using EEG in actual traffic conditions. In a series of three experiments, mental workload connected with listening to an audio book was shown to lead to an increase in the EEG alpha power. These results were demonstrated in the laboratory both when the demanding tasks were performed alone and when they were performed in parallel to a simulated Lane Change Test as well as, in Experiment 2, in real road traffic and, in Experiment 3, when driving on dirt roads. The ERPs of a tertiary task in Experiment 2 emphasized the differences between two different types of mental workload. The N1 showed a latency delay of about 50 ms and an amplitude reduction that indicated interference between stimuli of the same modality (Wickens, 1984). For sections with an additional mental arithmetic task, an increase in the attention-sensitive N1 component and a workload-specific reduction in the P3 component were demonstrated. In all three experiments, behavioral and ECG data were collected in addition to the EEG. In Experiment 1, a word detection task was integrated into the listening task and the data compared with those resulting from a simple tone detection task; whereas in Experiment 2, the answers to a tertiary task could be evaluated as an additional measure of workload. All behavioral measurements confirmed the successful manipulation of mental workload. Moreover, strained drivers performing the Lane Change Test in Experiment 1 showed a higher deviance from the ideal track. While the ECG data in Experiment 1 were inconclusive, an increase in heart rate and a decrease in heart rate variability under high workload were shown as expected in Experiment 2. The predominant correspondence of the results speaks for the high reliability and generalizability of the tasking effects. The observed alpha band increase under mental workload corresponds to the results of previous EEG laboratory experiments investigating internalized attention (e.g. Cooper, Croft, Dominey, Burgess, & Gruzelier, 2003, Jensen, Gelfand, Kounios, & Lisman, 2002; Ray & Cole, 1985b) and could show that alpha oscillations are related to the inhibition of task-irrelevant cortical areas. With respect to the context of automobile driving these results could provide a new explanatory approach for phenomena such as “endogenous distraction” (Recarte & Nunes, 2003) or “inattentional blindness” (Strayer & Drews, 2007) that are being extensively discussed in the traffic psychology literature at the present time. Moreover, further topics of discussion therein treated include multiple interconnections between different cognitive states and changes in alpha power as well as the significance of the EEG for research in the area of driver-vehicle-interaction.
Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis

Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is the most common valve disease in adults. Severe forms are associated with acquired von Willebrand syndrome (aVWS) with loss of the largest von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimers. Diagnostic gold standard is the VWF multimer analysis. Valve replacement rapidly restores the VWF structure. Uncertainty exists if this effect is permanent and how functional VWF assays perform compared with multimer analysis. We studied 21 consecutive patients with severe AVS before and 6 to 18 months after valve surgery and compared them with 14 controls without valve disease referred for coronary angiography. The VWF multimers, VWF antigen (VWF:Ag), VWF collagen binding capacity (VWF:CB), VWF:CB/VWF:Ag ratio, in vitro bleeding time (PFA-100), factor VIII coagulation activity (FVIII:C), and VWF ristocetin cofactor activity (VWF:RCo) were determined. In all patients with AVS, the large VWF multimers were strongly reduced (56 ± 13% of normal plasma); all controls had normal multimers. The PFA-100 collagen/ADP closure times (coll/ADP CT) were prolonged in patients with AVS compared with the controls (175 ± 56 seconds vs 86 ± 14 seconds, P < .001). The VWF:CB/VWF:Ag ratio was pathological in 20 of the 21 patients but normal in controls. After surgery, the multimers normalized in all patients and coll/ADP CT shortened (pre 184 ± 65 seconds vs post 102 ± 22 seconds; P < .001). The VWF:CB/VWF:Ag ratio strongly improved (P < .001) and normalized in 14 of 17 patients. In conclusion, all consecutive patients with severe AVS had an aVWS. The combination of coll/ADP CT and VWF:CB/VWF:Ag ratio detected the aVWS in all patients. More than 6 months after valve replacement, the VWF multimers were still normalized in all patients indicating a permanent cure of the aVWS.
Cyclic Alternating Patterns in Normal Sleep and Insomnia: Structure and Content Differences

This work aims to investigate new markers for the quantitative characterization of insomnia, in the context of sleep microstructure, as expressed by cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) sleep. The study group includes 11 subjects with normal sleep and 10 subjects with diagnosed primary insomnia. Differences between normal sleepers and insomniacs are investigated, in terms of dynamics and content of CAP events. The overall rate of CAP and of different phases is considered. The dynamic in the structure and alternation of CAP events is further studied in different scales by use of wavelet analysis, and calculation of energy/entropy features. The content of CAP events is studied in terms of electroencephalography (EEG) complexity analysis for the different types of events. Statistically significant differences are highlighted, both in structure and content. Besides confirming the increase in CAP rate, main findings regarding the microstructure difference in insomnia include: 1) as regards the deep sleep building phases, more irregular activation-deactivation patterns, with bigger deactivation time, i.e., distance between consecutive activation events, and appearing with higher EEG complexity in deactivation, and 2) a bigger duration of desynchronisation phases, with increased EEG complexity and more irregular patterns. This analysis extends previous findings on the relation between CAPrate increase and sleep instability mechanisms, proposing specific features of CAP that seem to play a role in insomnia (as consistently presented via classification analysis). This opens new perspectives for the understanding of the role of CAP in the quantitative characterization of sleep and its disorders.
Parental anxiety and family disruption following a first febrile seizure in childhood.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the degree of parental anxiety and family disruption following a child's first febrile seizure. PATIENTS AND METHODS The families of all children presenting with their first febrile seizure to any of the three emergency departments in the Saskatoon District, Saskatchewan, were invited to participate in a telephone interview to assess the degree of parental anxiety and family dysfunction that was experienced. Parameters measured included co-sleeping with the child, parental sleep disturbance, parental fatigue, monitor use, the number of night time checks on a child, child care use, parental outings, parental fear of missing a seizure, parental perception of a child's increased vulnerability and the family's stress level. The interview, which was conducted shortly after presentation at the emergency departments, compared anxiety and dysfunction experienced during the two weeks immediately preceding the visit with that experienced during the two weeks following a febrile seizure. Potential predictors of anxiety and dysfunction, including details of the presenting seizure, past medical illnesses, family history, the family's socioeconomic status and parental perception of the risk of a febrile seizure were queried. RESULTS Thirty-one (89%) of 35 families who were eligible for the study participated. Parental anxiety and family dysfunction were significantly greater for nearly all of the parameters assessed during the two weeks following a seizure. Socioeconomic factors correlated most closely with anxiety and dysfunction before a febrile seizure; however, socioeconomic factors were less predictive of anxiety and dysfunction during the two weeks following a seizure. CONCLUSIONS Parental anxiety and family dysfunction are the rule following a child's first febrile seizure. Neither higher socioeconomic status nor an understanding of the low risk of sequelae associated with febrile seizures was strongly predictive of improved coping during the two weeks following a seizure.
Preliminary Associations Between Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Memory Impairment, Functional Cognition, and Depressive Symptoms Following Severe TBI

Background. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often leads to mood and cognitive complications, affecting functional recovery. Understanding neurobiological alterations common in post-TBI depression (PTD) and cognition may identify novel biomarkers for TBI complications. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a likely target based on evidence of reduced BDNF signaling in experimental TBI and depression models and its role in learning and memory. Objective. To evaluate BDNF as a biomarker for PTD, cognitive impairment, and functional cognition in a prospective cohort with severe TBI. Methods. Participants with TBI (n = 113) were evaluated for PTD (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]), cognitive impairment (cognitive composite score), and functional cognition (Functional Independence Measure–Cognition, FIM-Cog). BDNF levels were measured in cerebrospinal fluid and serum at 0 to 6 days postinjury and in serum at 6 and 12 months postinjury. Results. Serum BDNF was reduced after TBI versus controls at all time points. Acute serum BDNF positively correlated with memory composites (6 months: r = 0.43, P = .019, n = 30; 12 months: r = 0.53, P = .005, n = 26) and FIM-Memory scores (6 months: r = 0.35, P = .019, n = 45; 12 months: r = 0.38, P = .018, n = 38). Acute serum BDNF negatively correlated with 12-month PHQ-9 scores (r = −0.38; P = .044; n = 29). At 12 months, chronic serum BDNF tended to be lower in participants with PTD (P = .07) and correlated with PHQ-9 scores (r = −0.41; P = .019; n = 32). Conclusions. Acute BDNF associations with memory recovery may implicate hippocampal damage/degeneration. Comparatively, BDNF associations with PTD status were not as strong as associations with PTD severity. Further investigation may delineate longitudinal BDNF patterns, and BDNF responsive treatments, reflecting mood and cognitive recovery following TBI.
Automatic landslide recognition through Optimum-Path Forest

In this paper we shed light over the problem of landslide automatic recognition using supervised classification, and we also introduced the OPF classifier in this context. We employed two images acquired from Geoeye-MS satellite at March-2010 in the northwest (high steep areas) and north sides (pipeline area) covering the area of Duque de Caxias city, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The landslide recognition rate has been assessed through a cross-validation with 10 runnings. In regard to the classifiers, we have used OPF against SVM with Radial Basis Function for kernel mapping and a Bayesian classifier. We can conclude that OPF, Bayes and SVM achieved high recognition rates, being OPF the fastest approach.
Making space for identity

This chapter outlines and brings together some key debates and theories about the place attachments that older people make at national, regional and local level. Based on a study of older people living in a range of locations and accommodation, the authors extend existing theories and describe place identity as a component of self identity. In particular, they position home as crucial to older people in terms of meaning, attachment and interaction. Their theory of re-engagement demonstrates how people constantly work on connections to environment.