Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE CONCEPT OF ATYPICAL PSYCHOSES — FROM THE ASPECT OF CLINICAL GENETICS— *

The concept of atypical psychoses ,may permit a few different views. The present author is of opinion, similar to the guthors like K . Convad 21, for example, that atypical psychoses can be considered rather broadly to consist of the so-called ‘‘ borderline cases ”. Of such borderline cases, most critical problems are presented at clinical level by the cases that come from two particular areas. One of the areas occupies the borderlines of the typical groups of three major endogenous psychoses, namely, schizophrenia, the manic-depressive, and epilepsy. The cases of this borderline-area constitute atypical psychoses in the usual sense of the term. The other area, often giving rise to clinical controversy, consists of the cases called “pseudoneuroses”. These can be considered as being also a sort of atypical illness, since they occupy phenomenologically the borderline area between endogenous psychoses and pure or uncomplicated neuroses. When to speak of the borderline areas of each endogenous psychoses, problem of crucial importance resides in the attitude concerning the relationship between the typical and atypical psychoses. The attitude may vary from one author to another, depending in its finality on individual views concerning the problem of classification of psychoses. Table I is schematic representation of classification systems for the endogenous psychoses as based on taxonomy in animals of J. Hunley. It shows three systems, arbitrary, rational, and natural, which can be applied equally on both animals and endogenous psychoses. Of the three systems, the first and second deal no doubt with “ differential typology ”, as the criteria are sought primarily in clinical forms or psychopathology. Thus, that atypical psychoses are considered as being transitional or combined forms of each typical psychoses, has been a leading view since E. Bleulev up to Puuleikhoff 22) of the recent time. Moving over to the next stage where the criteria are based on somatic pathology, especially on biochemical aspect, the result so far obtained seems to indicate that there are some positive findings characteristic to atypical psychoses, but specific ones are as yet far from forthcoming. Although such does not
The effect of diet supplementation with propolis and bee pollen on the physicochemical properties and strength of tibial bones in broiler chickens

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of diet supplementation with propolis and bee pollen on selected physical, biomechanical and chemical properties of tibial bones in broiler chickens. The experimental materials comprised 384 Ross 308 chickens (four groups, three replications), divided into groups of males and females, and raised to 35 days of age. Control group 1 birds were fed a commercial diet throughout the experiment. Birds of three other experimental groups received for the first two weeks of rearing standard diets with a different content of propolis and/or bee pollen: group 2 – 0.025 % propolis, group 3 – 0.5 % bee pollen, group 4 – 0.5 % bee pollen and 0.025 % propolis. The following parameters of the tibia were determined: weight, length, mid-shaft circumference, vertical and horizontal external diameters, vertical and horizontal internal diameters. The geometric characteristics of the bones were determined based on the above measurements. Mid-shaft shear strength was measured using an Instron universal testing machine 4301 (Instron, Norwood, MA, USA). The crude ash, calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) content of the tibia was also determined. Higher values of geometric parameters were noted in the tibial bones of broilers fed a diet supplemented with a combination of propolis and bee pollen, in comparison with birds fed diets containing propolis or bee pollen administered alone. The shear strength values and physical properties of bones were similar in all groups.
Clinical predictors of acute coronary syndromes in patients with undifferentiated chest pain.

BACKGROUND Patients with acute, undifferentiated chest pain present a frequent diagnostic challenge to clinicians. Clinical features are often used to determine which patients may have acute coronary syndrome (ACS). AIM To identify clinical features that independently predict ACS in patients with acute, undifferentiated chest pain. DESIGN Prospective study of patients enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. METHODS The presenting characteristics of participants in the ESCAPE randomized trial of chest pain unit vs. routine care were recorded in a standardized manner. Follow-up consisted of troponin T measurement at 2 days, postal questionnaire at 1 month, and telephone contact at 6 months. ACS was defined as elevated troponin T at 2 days or major adverse cardiac event within 30 days of presentation. Multivariate analysis identified independent clinical predictors of ACS. RESULTS ACS was diagnosed in 77 (7.9%) of the 972 patients recruited. The following characteristics were independent predictors of ACS (odds ratio, p): age (1.09, p < 0.001), male gender (8.6, p < 0.001), indigestion or burning-type pain (3.0, p = 0.034), pain radiating to the left (2.4, p = 0.013) or right (5.7, p < 0.001) arm, vomiting (3.5, p = 0.007), and previous (5.1, p < 0.001) or current (3.7, p < 0.001) smoking. DISCUSSION In addition to previously recognized predictors of ACS, it appears that indigestion or burning type pain predicts ACS in patients attending the emergency department with acute, undifferentiated chest pain. Diagnosis of acute 'gastro-oesophageal' chest pain should be avoided in this setting.
'It's about empowering the whānau': Māori adult students succeeding at university

A large number of studies have demonstrated that Māori students are not performing well in education. The literature in the general area of Māori education paints a very grim picture that demonstrates a clear preoccupation with failure and underachievement. These studies often overlook the experiences of Māori adult students who return to study long after leaving school and experience considerable success. This paper focuses on the academic success of 16 indigenous students at a New Zealand university. It is based on the findings of a qualitative investigation that explored the experiences of Māori adult students who entered university with very few formal school qualifications and then went on to attain undergraduate degrees. This paper pays particular attention to the role of the whānau in facilitating Māori educational success at university.
DIETARY SURVEYS AND NUTRITIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGY What happens to food choices when a gluten-free diet is required? A prospective longitudinal population-based study among Swedish adolescent with coeliac disease and their peers

A dietary survey was performed during a large screening study in Sweden among 13-year-old adolescents. The aim was to study how the intake of food groups was affected by a screening-detected diagnosis of coeliac disease (CD) and its gluten-free (GF) treatment. Food intake was reported using a FFQ, and intake reported by the adolescents who were diagnosed with CD was compared with the intake of two same-aged referent groups: (i) adolescents diagnosed with CD prior to screening; and (ii) adolescents without CD. The food intake groups were measured at baseline before the screening-detected cases were aware of their CD, and 12–18 months later. The results showed that food intakes were affected by screen-detected CD and its dietary treatment. Many flour-based foods were reduced such as pizza, fish fingers and pastries. The results also indicated that bread intake was lower before the screened diagnosis compared with the other studied groups, but increased afterwards. Specially manufactured GF products (for example, pasta and bread) were frequently used in the screened CD group after changing to a GF diet. The present results suggest that changing to a GF diet reduces the intake of some popular foods, and the ingredients on the plate are altered, but this do not necessarily include a change of food groups. The availability of manufactured GF replacement products makes it possible for adolescents to keep many of their old food habits when diagnosed with CD in Sweden.
The Ideal Candidate Revisited

The view of image as a transaction between all that a candidate says and does and the way in which voters compare that behavior to their personal vision of what a candidate should be inspires at least three questions important to campaign communication. First, although the ability or power of the media to affect the success or failure of political campaigns and candidates is popularly believed and has been documented by researchers, do the views of individual members of the media regarding the ideal qualities required of president candidates differ significantly from those of voters? Second, do the characteristics or criteria of the “ideal candidate” ascribed by the media and/or the electorate vary from election to election? And finally, do the evaluative dimensions of “idealness” differ by party affiliation, age, or gender? The answers to these questions were determined from the results of a survey of 388 professional journalists covering and 734 citizens attending rallies in New Hampshire during the presidential primaries of 1988, 1992, and 1996.
The invention of shopping tourism. The discursive repositioning of landscape in an Italian retail-led case

Under the label of ‘shopping tour’, tour operators currently offer package tours which aim to highlight for the visitor the commercial appeal of a particular location. A variety of destinations are suitable for tours with such a label. In this context, certain ‘shopping tourism’ destinations simply consist of areas where the concentration of corporation-led retail venues is high. The Novese Area, in the northwest of Italy, has been transforming into such a destination since the opening of the Serravalle Designer Outlet, an outlet ‘village’ which opened in 2000. This paper reports on original research aimed at enquiring about shifts in the representation of the landscape of this area as it is shown in the discourses of local political and business actors. It is argued that this case study portrays a rather unique case of late western urban regeneration practice through which a formal industrial area is turned into a consumption site suitable for tourism. Here, the repositioning process not only influences local planning policies, but feeds – and is fed by – a simultaneous process of consumption normalization.
Gestational and Early Infancy Exposure to Margarine Fortified with Vitamin D through a National Danish Programme and the Risk of Type 1 Diabetes: The D-Tect Study

The objective of the study was to assess whether gestational and early infancy exposure to low dose vitamin D from a mandatory margarine fortification programme in Denmark influenced the risk of developing type 1 diabetes (T1D) before age of 15 years. The study population included all individuals born in Denmark from 1983 to 1988 and consisted of 331,623 individuals. The 1st of June 1985, which was the date of issue of the new ministerial order cancelling mandatory fortification of margarine with vitamin D in Denmark, served as a reference point separating the studied population into various exposure groups. We further modelled birth cohort effects in children developing T1D as a linear spline, and compared the slopes between the birth cohorts with various prenatal and infancy exposures to vitamin D fortification. In total, 886 (0.26%) individuals developed T1D before the age of 15 years. The beta coefficients (95% CI), or slopes, for linear birth cohort effect in log Hazard Ratio (HR) per one month of birth in individuals born during the periods of gestational exposure, wash-out, and non-exposure were: 0.010 (-0.002/0.021), -0.010 (-0.035/0.018), and 0.008 (- 0.017/0.032), respectively. The beta coefficients (95% CI) for individuals born during the periods of first postnatal year exposure, wash-out, and non-exposure were: 0.007 (-0.016/0.030), 0.006 (-0.004/0.016), and 0.007 (-0.002/0.016), respectively. In conclusion, we found no evidence to support that exposure to low dose vitamin D from the Danish mandatory margarine fortification regimen during gestational and first postnatal year of life changed the risk of developing T1D before the age of 15 years.
Understanding the Patient-Physician Interaction: Potential for Reducing Health Disparities

Racial differences in health and health care persist. These differences can be linked, in part, to physician-patient communication. This study examined the effect of race concordance and communication comfort on the patient's level of general satisfaction and their intent to adhere to physician instructions. Results indicate that patient satisfaction and likelihood of adherence are related to communication comfort. Additionally, patients seeing a physician of their own race are more likely to adhere to instructions than those seeing a physician of a different race, although the effect of race-concordance is not as strong as communication comfort. In-terestingly, race-concordance is not related to patient satisfaction. We conclude that both communication comfort and race-concordance play major roles in the patient-physician relationship. Given that communication comfort appears to play a more important role than race concordance, our findings suggest that increasing awareness of racial differences and effective communication can increase patient satisfaction and adherence intent. Increasing adherence with treatment regimes should increase positive health outcomes.
Changing “Course”

In massive open online courses (MOOCs), low barriers to registration attract large numbers of students with diverse interests and backgrounds, and student use of course content is asynchronous and unconstrained. The authors argue that MOOC data are not only plentiful and different in kind but require reconceptualization—new educational variables or different interpretations of existing variables. The authors illustrate this by demonstrating the inadequacy or insufficiency of conventional interpretations of four variables for quantitative analysis and reporting: enrollment, participation, curriculum, and achievement. Drawing from 230 million clicks from 154,763 registrants for a prototypical MOOC offering in 2012, the authors present new approaches to describing and understanding user behavior in this emerging educational context.
Health, Secondary Conditions, and Employment Outcomes for Adults With Disabilities

This study used data (N = 3,076) from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to explore the relationship between employment and health behaviors for individuals with physical disabilities. Results from a binary logistic regression model, with employment as the dependent variable, show that exercise increased the probability of employment by 8.4% after controlling for participant demo-graphics, severity of disability, and secondary health conditions. These results speak to the importance of health promotion for people with disabilities who desire employment.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor autoantibodies in murine ileitis and progressive ileal Crohn's disease.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Genetic variations that affect innate immunity increase risk of ileal Crohn's disease (CD). However, the penetrance of susceptibility genes, including NOD2, is low, suggesting additional risk factors. Neutralizing autoantibodies (Ab) against granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF Ab) reduce neutrophil antimicrobial function in patients with primary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). We investigated whether GM-CSF Ab regulates neutrophil function in CD. METHODS Serum samples from 354 adult and pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were analyzed for GM-CSF Ab and IBD markers. Levels of GM-CSF Ab were compared with patients' CD features and neutrophil function. Intestinal barrier function and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced injury were assessed in GM-CSF-null and NOD2-null mice. RESULTS Median GM-CSF Ab levels increased from 0.4 microg/mL in control serum to 2.4 microg/mL in pediatric CD and 11.7 microg/mL in adult CD serum and were associated with ileal involvement (P<.001). Ileal location, duration of disease, and increased GM-CSF Ab levels were associated with stricturing/penetrating behavior (odds ratio, 2.2; P=.018). The positive and negative predictive values of GM-CSF Ab for stricturing/penetrating behavior were comparable with that of other IBD serum markers. CD patients with increased GM-CSF Ab had reduced neutrophil phagocytic capacity and increased accumulation of pSTAT3+ neutrophils in the affected ileum. GM-CSF-null mice and NOD2-null mice in which GM-CSF was neutralized had defects in mucosal barrier function and developed a transmural ileitis following NSAID exposure. CONCLUSIONS GM-CSF regulates ileal homeostasis in CD and in mouse models. CD patients with increases in serum GM-CSF Ab might benefit from GM-CSF administration.
Coteaching: New Variations on a Not-So-New Practice

Two factors, inclusion and diversity, have resulted in new collaboration between special educators and general educators. As students with disabilities began to receive services in the general education classroom, special educators and general educators began to move into coteaching relationships. The purpose of this article is to give educators an overview of the model as it is presently being reported in the literature. Topics include the development of the coteaching model presently used by special educators and general educators, description of various forms of coteaching used by these teachers, analysis of reported effectiveness in the education of students with disabilities, and recommendations for the future. Reports containing accounts of positive coteaching experiences and guidelines for engaging in this activity are appearing in the literature, but less evidence of its effectiveness regarding student outcomes is available. In this paper, 10 articles describing coteaching activities are reviewed, and group composition, primary goal and purposes, components, activities, and evidence of effectiveness are considered.
Feelings of inadequacy, insecurity, and incompetence among experienced therapists

Feelings of incompetence are an ongoing part of the private experience of being a therapist. They are often linked to therapist stress, distress, and to negative therapeutic processes and outcomes, yet systematic inquiries into the subjective judgment of experienced therapists as inadequate and incompetent in their professional roles are rare. A qualitative approach was used in this study to obtain rich descriptions of encounters with feelings of incompetence among experienced therapists. Eight therapists with a minimum of ten years experience were recruited for the study and were interviewed using a semi-structured interview protocol. The resulting transcripts were analysed with procedures based on grounded theory methodology. Findings indicated that feelings of incompetence existed on a continuum of intensity and that the experience was multiply determined. Implications for therapist training and practice are presented.
Embodiment and Social Structure: A Response to Howson and Inglis

Howson and Inglis' paper is both timely and thought provoking. However, it is my contention that their argument is fundamentally flawed. They make five claims. The first two concern the emergence of sociological interest in ‘the body’ and are sound in my view. The third is that the work of Merleau-Ponty, which has been central to many forms of ‘corporeal sociology’, lacks an account of social structure and is insufficiently sociological in focus to be of use t o sociology. The fourth suggests that the work of Pierre Bourdieu, which might be deemed a corrective to Merleau-Ponty, cannot serve this purpose without generating a form of social structural determinism which would undermine the benefits of Merleau-Ponty's contribution. The fifth speculates on whether cultural studies might not provide a more fruitful avenue for those who wish either to avoid determinism or to rejoin Merleau-Ponty. My main contention is with the third and fourth of these claims, though my view also necessarily has implications for the fifth.
A cross-validation of a structural equation model of accidents: Organizational and psychological variables as predictors of work safety

A study to establish a structural equation model of accidents is presented. The eight variables included in the model were those associated with accidents in previous research. The reliability of questionnaires to measure those variables and a structural equation model relating them are provided. The model explaining the occurrence of accidents was cross-validated through three Spanish samples (n=123; 182; 124). The model presented a good fit to data in two samples, while a third had unclear fit indices. Therefore, most relationships among variables did not vary among these three samples. The role of the safety variables in the model is discussed. The discussion is also focused on risk measurement difficulties commonly reported in the literature. Finally, some suggestions for future safety research with structural equation modelling techniques are provided.
Models of Child Abuse

This review assesses progress in the development of causal models of physical child abuse by examining the foundations of current theorizing. The sociopolitical forces and methodological problems that have acted to inhibit model building are highlighted. Existing models are then analyzed using five dimensions important to theory construction: definitions, basic assumptions, levels of analysis, complexity, and forms of antecedent-consequence relationships posited. Progress and conceptual problems in current theorizing are discussed and guidelines for future theory development are outlines.
Experiences with Achieving Portability across Heterogeneous Architectures

The increasing computational needs of parallel applications inevitably require portability across popular parallel architectures, which are becoming heterogeneous. The lack of a common parallel framework results in divergent code bases, difficulty in porting, higher maintenance cost, and, thus difficulty achieving optimal performance on target architectures. Our paper examines two representative parallel applications and describes code structuring and annotations required to derive a single codebase that is parallelizable across representative heterogeneous architectures, such as multi-core CPU and GPU. Drawing on previous work in the area, we create a universal high-level directive-based framework that supports both of these architectures, and implements execution on each via translation to OpenMP and PGI Accelerator API, respectively. We demonstrate that a high-level framework can support a common codebase that efficiently executes on heterogeneous architectures. Our results show that when combined with a state-of-the-art parallelizing compiler, such framework can yield performance comparable to custom code or a native language. Further, we show that the approach increases programmability, reduces code size and decreases maintenance cost.
FaceBots: Robots utilizing and publishing social information in Facebook

Our project aims at supporting the creation of sustainable and meaningful longer-term human-robot relationships through the creation of embodied robots with face recognition and natural language dialogue capabilities, which exploit and publish social information available on the web (Facebook). Our main underlying experimental hypothesis is that such relationships can be significantly enhanced if the human and the robot are gradually creating a pool of shared episodic memories that they can co-refer to (“shared memories”), and if they are both embedded in a social web of other humans and robots they both know and encounter (“shared friends”). In this paper, we are presenting such a robot, which as we will see achieves two significant novelties.