Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE EDUCATIVE IMPORTANCE OF ETHOS

ABSTRACT: This article explores the educative importance of ethos from a broadly philosophical perspective. It is argued that, for a range of reasons, the notion of ethos in the context of education needs to be brought into clearer focus. An analysis is offered of the concept of ethos, with particular reference to the context of classrooms and schools. The educative importance of ethos is explored, with reference to a range of difficulties and challenges which it presents.
Renormalization group-like proof of the universality of the Tutte polynomial for matroids

In this paper we give a new proof of the universality of the Tutte polynomial for matroids. This proof uses appropriate characters of Hopf algebra of matroids, algebra introduced by Schmitt (1994). We show that these Hopf algebra characters are solutions of some differential equations which are of the same type as the differential equations used to describe the renormalization group flow in quantum field theory. This approach allows us to also prove, in a different way, a matroid Tutte polynomial convolution formula published by Kook, Reiner and Stanton (1999). This FPSAC contribution is an extended abstract. Dans cet article, nous donnons une nouvelle preuve de l’universalité du polynôme de Tutte pour les matroïdes. Cette preuve utilise des caractères appropriés de l’algèbre de Hopf des matroïdes introduite par Schmitt (1994). Nous montrons que ces caractères algèbre de Hopf sont des solutions d'équations différentielles du même type que les équations différentielles utilisées pour décrire le flux du groupe de renormalisation en théorie quantique de champs. Cette approche nous permet aussi de démontrer, d’une manière différente, une formule de convolution du polynôme de Tutte des matroïdes, formule publiée par Kook, Reiner et Stanton (1999). Cette contribution FPSAC est un résumé étendu.
Seasonal and gender differences of beverage consumption in elementary school students

The purpose of this study was to compare the beverage consumption by gender and season in elementary school children and to investigate the role of beverage consumption patterns on their daily nutrient intakes and BMIs. Beverage consumption and dietary energy intake in 160 elementary school students in the Gyeongnam area were measured by a beverage frequency and quantity questionnaire and three 24-hour dietary recalls during winter and summer. The number of drinking moments per month, the amounts of beverage per day, and the energy from beverage consumption were not different between winter and summer. In summer, the contribution of energy from sweetened beverage to the daily energy intake in girls accounted for 13.5% which was significantly higher compared to 7.7% in boys. In girls, the consumption of health beverage showed a significant correlation with various nutrient intakes in winter. Meanwhile, the sweetened beverage intake was negatively correlated with energy, protein, vitamin A and niacin intake in summer. Consumption of most of the beverages, including sweetened beverages, were not related with BMI in both sexes and both seasons, except functional drinks which were related with BMI in boys in winter.
Communication Assistive Method Using Sympathetic Skin Response

Persons with seriously disabled speech organs and motor function have difficulty in speaking and communicating through hand gestures. Communication aids have been developed based on AAC (Augmentative and Alternative Communication) concept, and are being used to assist in the transmission of the user’s intention. However, the disabled person must have residual motor function to operate most of these aids. If the disabled person has few motor functions, such communication aids can hardly be used; also, if the disabled person has a progressive disease, it is necessary to constantly adjust the communication aid to the level of residual motor function. To overcome this problem, a device that does not depend on residual motor function must be developed. Recently, a study on BCI (Brain Computer Interface) was carried out, which used electroencephalograms as a communication aid that does not depend on residual motor function (Friedrich et al., 2009). The electroencephalogram switch MCTOS (Technos Japan Co., Ltd.) has already been put to practical use. However, MCTOS must recall exciting and frustrating when the user switches it on. Therefore, MCTOS is hard to operate and to have the feeling that it was switched on purposefully (Nakabayashi et al., 2003). A possible solution to this problem is to use SSR (Sympathetic Skin Response), which can be measured non-invasively and is independent of residual motor function. SSR, which is a biomedical signal that reflects the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, is affected by both cognitive thinking and decision-making (Ito et al., 1996). We hypothesized that the SSR response could be used as a switch in a communication aid which can convey the user’s wish to see a character or a picture displayed on a personal computer. In addition, the advantage of SSR is that measurements can be made easily, unlike with the electroencephalogram, and it is not necessary to think about something else (mental arithmetic, exciting and frustrating) irrelevant to the operation of switching on the communication aid; thus, intuitive operation is possible (Fig.1). It has been reported that disabled persons with SCI (Spinal Cord Injury) and ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) show amplitude reduction and extension of the SSR latency period. In addition, the absence of SSR response has been confirmed in several patients. However, there are few reports on completely absent SSR (Masur et al., 1995, Oey et al., 2002, Nicotra et al., 2002). On the other 8
No Ivory Tower: McCarthyism and the Universities

This is the first systematic study of McCarthyism - the attempt to label people as communists or communist sympathizers, and so hold them up to public scorn and deprive them of their livelihood. American university life was affected almost as much as the entertainment industry and government service: public universities such as Michigan, Washington, and Rutgers actually expelled faculty members, while those at private institutions like Harvard and Reed were only defended after great controversy. This book first traces how the machinery of McCarthyism worked, then deals with general questions of academic freedom and McCarthyite challenges to it on various campuses (both before and during the 1950s). Finally it deals with the academic blacklist and its effect on individual scholars. Students of modern American political history.
The Relationship between Perceived Coaching Behaviors and Group Cohesion in High School Football Teams

Based on Carron’s (1982) conceptual system of cohesion and Chelladurai and Carron’s (1978) multidimensional model of sport leadership, this study examined the relationship between perceived coaching behaviors and group cohesion in high school football teams. Players (N=163) assessed their coach’s leadership style and behaviors using the Leadership Scale for Sports (Chelladurai & Saleh, 1980), and the cohesion of their team using the Group Environment Questionnaire (Widmeyer, Brawley, & Carron, 1985). Multivariate multiple regression and canonical analyses revealed a significant relationship between coaching behaviors and group cohesion. Coaches who were perceived as engaging in higher levels of social support, training and instruction, positive feedback, and a democratic style were associated with higher levels of task cohesion within their teams. A series of subanalyses revealed that perceptions of team and individual success, as well as starter/nonstarter playing status, were also related to perceptions.
Background and culture as factors in EFL reading comprehension

An experimental comparison was made between two original passages in English written for ESL/EFL consumers. Since the subjects tested were 159 Japanese women, unfamiliar, non-Japanese elements were changed to conform more to the expectations of the readers tested. Only a few terms were changed in each of two passages: e.g. names of persons and places; in one instance kissing was changed to hugging. All subjects completed two cloze tests: one over one of the passages in its original form and the other over the other in the modified form. A possible order effect was controlled by counter balancing, and transfer across tests was minimized both by counterbalancing and by using cloze tests over two distinct passages. The hypothesis that such minor changes in textual elements would result in a significantly better performance on cloze tests based on the modified texts was sustained. It is suggested that teachers and materials producers might want to take such factors into consideration.
He ii REIONIZATION AND ITS EFFECT ON THE INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM

Observations of the intergalactic medium (IGM) suggest that quasars reionize He ii in the IGM at z ≈ 3. We have run a set of 190 and 430 comoving Mpc simulations of He ii being reionized by quasars to develop an understanding of the nature of He ii reionization and its potential impact on observables. We find that He ii reionization heats regions in the IGM by as much as 25, 000 K above the temperature that is expected otherwise, with the volume-averaged temperature increasing by ∼12, 000 K and with large temperature fluctuations on ∼50 Mpc scales. Much of this heating occurs far from quasars by photons with long mean free path. We find a temperature–density equation of state of γ − 1 ≈ 0.3 during He ii reionization, but with a wide dispersion in this relation having σT ∼ 104 K. He ii reionization by the observed population of quasars cannot produce an inverted relation (γ − 1 < 0). Our simulations are consistent with the observed evolution in the mean transmission of the He ii Lyα forest. We argue that the heat input from He ii reionization is unable to cause the observed depression at z ≈ 3.2 in the H i Lyα forest opacity as has been suggested. We investigate how uncertainties in the properties of QSOs and of He ii Lyman limit systems influence our predictions.
Acute shifts of baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity induced by treadmill exercise in rats

The present study aimed to investigate whether there was a resetting of the baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and heart rate (HR) during exercise. Wistar female rats (n= 11) were chronically implanted with catheters for the measurement of systemic arterial (Pa) and central venous pressures and with electrodes for measurement of RSNA and electrocardiogram (ECG) at least 3 days before study. The baroreflex curve for RSNA was determined by changing Pa using rapid intravenous infusions of phenylephrine and nitroprusside. The baroreflex response curves for RSNA and HR were characterized by an inverse sigmoid function curve from which the response range, gain, centring point and minimum response were estimated. Exercise shifted the Pa‐RSNA baroreflex curve upward and to the right and was associated with increases in response range of 122 ± 44 % (P < 0.05), maximum response of 173 ± 40 % (P < 0.05), maximum gain of 149 ± 66 % (P < 0.05) and midpoint pressure of 15 ± 5 mmHg (P < 0.05) compared with the pre‐exercise level. After cessation of exercise, the Pa‐RSNA baroreflex curve was suppressed vertically with a significant decrease in maximum response of 57 ± 14 % (P < 0.05) compared with the pre‐exercise level. These data suggest that the right‐upward shift of baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity may play a critical role in raising and stabilizing Pa during exercise. The suppression of the baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity may partly explain the post‐exercise inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity and contribute to the post‐exercise hypotension.
The quiet Americans: Formative context, the Academy of Management leadership, and the management textbook, 1936–1960

Abstract Building on recent interest in formative contexts and management in the USA, this article explores the contribution of the Academy of Management to the development of modern management theory. Drawing on archival research and content analysis of selected management textbooks, we examine the development of the Academy of Management from 1936 to 1960 and the role of its presidents in the dissemination of management theory.We conclude that there is some evidence that the Academy allied itself with dominant Cold War themes that translated into a philosophy of management, which influenced the character of the organization for decades. Though it is unlikely that the Academy per se had much influence on the development of management theory, its early leadership may have had a disproportionate influence through the medium of the business textbook.
Hearing Impairment and High Blood Pressure among Bus Drivers in Puducherry.

INTRODUCTION Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL), a major heath concern due to constant exposure to loud noise is on the rising trend in today's world. The bus drivers are more vulnerable to the auditory and non-auditory ill effects of noise pollution. AIM The aim of this study was to assess and compare the hearing level, blood pressure and peak expiratory flow rate of bus drivers and individuals employed in office jobs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty male bus drivers aged 30-50 years and fifty males of the same group employed in office jobs were recruited as the test and control groups respectively. The hearing level of the individuals in both the groups was assessed using the Hearing Deterioration Index (HDI). The lung function and cardiovascular status of the study participants were assessed by measuring their Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) and Blood Pressure (BP) respectively. The mean HDI, PEFR and BP values of both the groups were compared using the unpaired t-test and the extent of correlation between HDI, service years, exposure level, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was determined using Pearson correlation coefficient test. RESULTS HDI, SBP and DBP were significantly higher among the bus drivers when compared to the controls. However, there was no significant difference in the PEFR values between the test and the control groups. There was a highly significant positive correlation between HDI and service years and exposure level. Similarly, there was a significant positive correlation between exposure level and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSION Prolonged exposure to high intensity of sound results in deterioration of hearing capacity and increase in blood pressure among the bus drivers.
The Super Bowl Sampler and the Other-Race Effect 1

Our capability to distinguish among faces is superior when the race of the stimulus face matches our own. However, the more a person is exposed to a racial group the better they will be able to distinguish among faces of that group. Television has the potential to provide a wide exposure to all racial groups equally. To the extent that television represents races unequally, it seems reasonable that the other race effect might be affected. The present study analyzed commercials presented during the Super Bowl to determine the relative representation of race and gender. In addition, college students were asked to generate as many names of famous people (differing in gender and race) as possible within two minutes for each race-gender combination. The results of these analyses were compared.
iBGP2: A scalable iBGP redistribution mechanism leading to optimal routing

The Internet is made of almost 50, 000 ASes exchanging routing information thanks to BGP. Inside each AS, information is redistributed via iBGP sessions. This allows each router to map a destination exterior to the AS with a given egress point. The main redistribution mechanisms used today, (iBGP full mesh, Route Reflectors and BGP confederations), either guarantee selection of the best egress point or enhance scalability, but not both. In this paper, we propose a new way to perform iBGP redistribution in an AS based on its IGP topology, conciliating optimality in route selection and scalability. Our contribution is threefold. First, we demonstrate the tractability of our approach and its benefits. Second, we provide an open-source implementation of our mechanism based on Quagga. Third, we illustrate the feasibility of our approach through simulations performed under ns-3 and compare its performance with full mesh and Route Reflection.
Sustainable professional learning for early childhood educators: Lessons from an Australia-wide mental health promotion initiative

New policy initiatives, such as those concerned with promoting young children’s positive mental health, highlight the need for good quality professional education in the early childhood education and care sector. However, although a wealth of literature exists from the school sector, little is known about professional education in early childhood education and care settings. This article presents an analysis of early childhood education and care educators’ perspectives about their professional learning during an initiative to promote young children’s mental health in 111 early childhood education and care centres in Australia. Questionnaires and feedback forms were collected from educators on four occasions over 2 years. In addition, programme facilitators rated the quality of implementation of the initiative in each centre. Thematic analysis indicated that the professional education was instrumental in building early childhood education and care educators’ knowledge about children’s social-emotional learning and mental health, increased educators’ self-efficacy for mental health promotion and encouraged a more collegial and collaborative workplace. Hierarchical linear modelling supported the learning gains identified in the qualitative analysis, but showed that the effect sizes for positive change depended on the quality of programme implementation. The findings highlight important synergies between opportunities for professional learning and workplaces that are conducive to transformation and renewal. Recommendations from participants for improvement included the need to ensure the relevance of content to local contexts, more extended learning opportunities, translation of unfamiliar language and more accessible timetabling of professional learning sessions. Issues concerning the need to advocate for, and sustain, professional education in early childhood education and care settings are discussed.
The Role of Juvenile Gangs in Facilitating Delinquent Behavior

This study examines alternative explanations for why gang members are more likely to have higher rates of serious and violent crime than nongang members. Specifically, three models are posited: (a) a selection or “kind of person” model; (b) a social facilitation or “kind of group” model; and (c) an enhancement model that combines aspects of the selection and social facilitation models. Each model has different implications for the rate of delinquency and drug use of gang members before, during, and after membership in a gang. Data from the Rochester Youth Development Study, a panel study that overrepresents adolescents at high risk for serious delinquent behavior and drug use, are used to compare these models. Findings indicate that gang members, as compared to nongang members, did not have higher rates of delinquent behavior or drug use before entering the gang, but once they became members, their rates increased substantially. Moreover, when gang members left the gang their rates of delinquency typically were reduced. These results are interpreted as being supportive of the social facilitation model.
Effect of alcohol consumption on the liver detoxication capacity as measured by [13C]methacetin- and [methyl-13C]methionine-breath tests

The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatic microsomal and mitochondrial functions by using the 13CO2-breath test in healthy subjects either before or after the consumption of red wine. Fourteen adults received [13C]methacetin and [methyl-13C]methionine together with a standardised dinner. Expired air samples were taken over 6 h. After a wash-out period, the subjects consumed 0.4 ml ethanol/kg/day together with dinner over a 10-day period. Thereafter, 13C-tracer administration was repeated under identical conditions. The 13CO2-enrichments were measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The mean cumulative percentage 13C-dose recovery (CPDR) after administration of [13C]methacetin and [methyl-13C]methionine either without or with red wine consumption amounted to 38.2±6.3 vs. 36.3±6.7% (p=0.363) and 9.5±3.3 vs. 8.8±2.5% (p=0.47), respectively. Moderate alcohol consumption does not induce significant short-term changes of the microsomal and the mitochondrial functions of the human liver in healthy subjects.
Examining Peer Bullying on the Basis of Different Variables Through thePerceptions of the Sports and Physical Education Teachers

The aim of this study was to investigate the Sports and Physical Education teachers’ perceptions of student bullying in the city of Trabzon, Turkey. The study also attempted to investigate the role of “school atmosphere”, “gender” and “role model” factors on student bullying in school environments. The study was carried out in the first semester of the 2007-2008 academic year with the participation of ten Sports and PE teachers working in various high schools in Trabzon. The study employed a qualitative approach and case study method. A semi-structured interview was administered as the data collection instrument. In data analysis, “constant comparison method” was used. The study found that there was no agreement among teachers on the role of school atmosphere and on their role models in bullying, and that their perceptions of bullying were problematic. Another finding was that the teachers believed male students were more involved in peer bullying.
Making pore choices: repeated regime shifts in stomatal ratio

Ecologically important traits do not evolve without limits. Instead, evolution is constrained by the set of available and viable phenotypes. In particular, natural selection may only favour a narrow range of adaptive optima constrained within selective regimes. Here, I integrate data with theory to test whether selection explains phenotypic constraint. A global database of 599 plant species from 94 families shows that stomatal ratio, a trait affecting photosynthesis and defence against pathogens, is highly constrained. Most plants have their stomata on the lower leaf surface (hypostomy), but species with half their stomata on each surface (amphistomy) form a distinct mode in the trait distribution. A model based on a trade-off between maximizing photosynthesis and a fitness cost of upper stomata predicts a limited number of adaptive solutions, leading to a multimodal trait distribution. Phylogenetic comparisons show that amphistomy is the most common among fast-growing species, supporting the view that CO2 diffusion is under strong selection. These results indicate that selective optima stay within a relatively stable set of selective regimes over macroevolutionary time.
Crosslinguistic Influence: Transfer to Nowhere?

The literature on crosslinguistic influence (Sharwood Smith and Kellerman 1986) or transfer, as it has been traditionally called, is by now quite extensive, as befits a topic which has been wreathed in controversy ever since the fledgling days of second language acquisition (SLA). Perhaps few other research interests have been so affected by shifts of paradigm or fashion; yet whether we consider its importance primary or peripheral, an understanding of the part played by knowledge of one's first or other languages in the acquisition of a second remains an essential goal of SLA theory.