Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unexpected Function of the Glucanosyltransferase Gas1 in the DNA Damage Response Linked to Histone H3 Acetyltransferases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Chromatin organization and structure are crucial for transcriptional regulation, DNA replication, and damage repair. Although initially characterized in remodeling cell wall glucans, the β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase Gas1 was recently discovered to regulate transcriptional silencing in a manner separable from its activity at the cell wall. However, the function of Gas1 in modulating chromatin remains largely unexplored. Our genetic characterization revealed that GAS1 had critical interactions with genes encoding the histone H3 lysine acetyltransferases Gcn5 and Sas3. Specifically, whereas the gas1 gcn5 double mutant was synthetically lethal, deletion of both GAS1 and SAS3 restored silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The loss of GAS1 also led to broad DNA damage sensitivity with reduced Rad53 phosphorylation and defective cell cycle checkpoint activation following exposure to select genotoxins. Deletion of SAS3 in the gas1 background restored both Rad53 phosphorylation and checkpoint activation following exposure to genotoxins that trigger the DNA replication checkpoint. Our analysis thus uncovers previously unsuspected functions for both Gas1 and Sas3 in DNA damage response and cell cycle regulation.
Will Affirmative-Action Policies Eliminate Negative Stereotypes?

A key question concerning affirmative action is whether the labor-market gains it brings to minorities can continue without it becoming a permanent fixture in the labor market. The authors argue that this depends on how the policy affects employers' beliefs about the productivity of minority workers. They study the joint determination of employer beliefs and worker productivity in a model of statistical discrimination in job assignments. The authors prove that, even when identifiable groups are equally endowed ex ante, affirmative action can bring about a situation in which employers (correctly) perceive the groups to be unequally productive, ex post. Copyright 1993 by American Economic Association.
Fast algorithm for assessing semantic similarity of texts

The paper presents and evaluates an efficient algorithm for measuring semantic similarity of texts. Calculating the level of semantic similarity of texts is a very difficult task and the proposed up to now methods suffer from computational complexity. This substantially limits their application area. The proposed algorithm tries to reduce the problem by merging a computationally efficient statistical approach to text analysis with a semantic component. The semantic properties of text words are extracted from the WordNet lexical database. The approach was tested using WordNets for two languages: English and Polish. The basic properties of this approach are also studied. The paper concludes with an analysis of the performance of the proposed method on a sample database and suggests some possible application areas.
Asymptotic expansion of the stokes solutions at small viscosity: The case of non-compatible initial data

Without imposing the so-called compatibility condition on the initial data, we obtain an asymptotic expansion of the Stokes solutions at small viscosity ε as the sum of the linearized Euler solution and a corrector function, which balances the discrepancy on the boundary of the Stokes and the linearized Euler solutions. Using such an expansion and smallness of the corrector, as the viscosity ε tends to zero, we obtain the uniform L convergence of the Stokes solutions to the linearized Euler solution with rate of order ε1/4.
Sin Sacrificio No Hay Recompensa: Apoyo as (Im)migrant Parental Engagement in Farmworking Families of the California Central Valley

Author(s): Nava, Pedro Enrique | Advisor(s): Cooper, Robert | Abstract: This dissertation seeks to document how the life histories of Mexican origin (im)migrant farmworking families in a small rural California community shape their educational engagement experiences. Farmworkers living in communities like Trabajo are responsible for most of the agricultural production in California, yet their children attend under resourced schools that provide limited opportunities for academic success. This investigation examines how the intersection of their immigration status, racial and social class background, shapes how and why migrant farmworkers choose to engage in particular was in the schooling of their children. In this study I addressed the following question: 1) How are the educational engagement conceptions and practices of Mexican immigrant farmworkers shaped by their life histories? This study is unique as it locates schooling within the larger political economy of migrant farm labor and combined with a Freirean approach to Latino Critical Theory (LatCrit) it deconstructs and analyzes the complex social, political, and economic processes that migrant farmworking families are forced to navigate to support their children's education. Data from this study was collected through community archival research, oral history and in depth semi-structured interviews and participant observations with 16 parents from 8 families. Findings from this study revealed parents conceive of educational engagement in more nuanced ways than traditional notions of parent involvement. For example, migrant farmworking families' conception and practices of educational engagement are much broader than normative school centric understandings and are best captured by the concept of apoyo. Specific practices of apoyo went beyond the school and consisted of 1) providing economic support 2) cultivating agency in their children 3) making meaningful sacrifices, 4) and modeling academic excellence. In this respect, it can be argued that parents' specific forms of educational engagement are a direct response to the material conditions and the racism they experienced as marginalized farmworkers. This study also contributes to a subset of qualitative studies that offer a direct challenge to the myth that Mexican families do not care about or participate sufficiently in the education of their children (Delgado-Gaitan, 1992; Lopez, 2001; Perez-Carreon et. al., 2005; Soli? ½rzano, 1992; Valdes, 1996; Valencia a Black, 2002). Findings from this research can be useful for practitioners and policy makers interested in understanding how to build upon the ways that (im)migrant farmworker families are already engaging in the education of their children.
Germany after Unification

Gert-Joachim GLAESSNER: Introduction. I EAST GERMANY AND THE LEGACIES OF THE PAST. Henry KRISCH: German Unification and East German Political Culture: Interaction and Change. Gert-Joachim GLAESSNER: Political Culture and the Aftershocks of Revolutionary Change in Germany. Cathleen KANTNER: Blockierte Potentiale. Meinungsbildungsprozesse in der DDR der achtziger Jahre. Georgi VERBEECK: Confronting the Nazi Experience in the GDR. Ian WALLACE: German Intellectuals and Unification. Fred EIDLIN: Some Thoughts on the Collapse of the GDR and its Consequences. Gert-Joachim GLAESSNER: Parties, Interest Groups and Political Participation. II GERMANY AND HER NEIGHBOURS. Friso WIELENGA: The German Factor in Dutch Foreign Policy since 1945. Jean V. POULARD: The French Perception of German Unification. August PRADETTO: After the Bipolar World: Germany and her European Neighbours.
The society for business ethics newsletter

It may still be the dead of winter, but it‘s already time to start thinking about your summer travel plans and our 2012 Annual Meeting--to be held this year in Boston, Massachusetts. The meeting takes place early in August, Friday the 3rd through Sunday, the 5th. We‘ll have the International Reception on the preceding evening, Thursday, August 2nd (for the early-birds), possibly a few pre-conference activities on Friday morning, and then we‘ll get under way with the main conference at 1:00 pm on Friday afternoon. The conference will end on Sunday with a reception Sunday evening.
Efficient tax reporting: The effects of taxpayer information services

As policy makers recognize the complexity of the tax system can result in some “evasion” being due to errors, there has been increasing focus on the role of taxpayer services as a tool in the enforcement regime. Such programs can improve the image of the tax agency but the critical issue is the effect on tax reporting. While the earlier focus has been on tax evasion, tax overreporting is also an issue since it leads to inefficient resource allocation. Thus, the present paper focusses on the effectiveness of taxpayer service programs in enhancing tax reporting. Data are collected on tax reporting decisions via laboratory experiments designed to implement the tax reporting task. To investigate the effects of taxpayer services, we “complicate” these compliance decisions of subjects, and then provide “services” from the “tax administration” that allow subjects to compute more easily their tax liabilities. Briefly, we find that our subjects are less likely to file when tax liability is uncertain but the provision of information offsets this effect; it appears that simply providing the service, even an imperfect service, increases the propensity to file and the accuracy of the filing. Key Words: tax information services; tax reporting; behavioral economics; experimental economics
Bats Respond to Very Weak Magnetic Fields

How animals, including mammals, can respond to and utilize the direction and intensity of the Earth’s magnetic field for orientation and navigation is contentious. In this study, we experimentally tested whether the Chinese Noctule, Nyctalus plancyi (Vespertilionidae) can sense magnetic field strengths that were even lower than those of the present-day geomagnetic field. Such field strengths occurred during geomagnetic excursions or polarity reversals and thus may have played an important role in the evolution of a magnetic sense. We found that in a present-day local geomagnetic field, the bats showed a clear preference for positioning themselves at the magnetic north. As the field intensity decreased to only 1/5th of the natural intensity (i.e., 10 μT; the lowest field strength tested here), the bats still responded by positioning themselves at the magnetic north. When the field polarity was artificially reversed, the bats still preferred the new magnetic north, even at the lowest field strength tested (10 μT), despite the fact that the artificial field orientation was opposite to the natural geomagnetic field (P<0.05). Hence, N. plancyi is able to detect the direction of a magnetic field even at 1/5th of the present-day field strength. This high sensitivity to magnetic fields may explain how magnetic orientation could have evolved in bats even as the Earth’s magnetic field strength varied and the polarity reversed tens of times over the past fifty million years.
Male Protagonists in the 'Commercialization' of Aspects of the Female Life-Cycle in Ghana

Ghanaian women--especially among the Ga the Fante and the Ashanti-- in spite of the constraints imposed on them by the general Ghanaian economic crisis and its attendant high costs of living have adopted a number of strategies to cope with their situation. These strategies liberate them from the control of men and ensure their economic survival despite the exigencies of daily life. This paper examines some of the strategies used by Ghanaian women as they go through their life-courses. It is mainly centered on James Town a neighbourhood in central Accra inhabited primarily by the Ga a patrilineal group. References are made to other ethnic groups notably the matrilineal Akan in the last sections of the paper in order to illustrate certain aspects of the strategies described. These include what Fayorsey (1994) has termed as the commoditization of aspects of the life-course of women. Drawing on work by Hart (1982) Appadurai (1992) and Kopytoff (1992) who derived the concept of commoditization from the exchange of things and services. Fayorsey notes that . several forms of the process have been termed variously as commoditization of sexuality and commoditization of marriage among others 1994 p. 1). This paper uses the notion of commercialization instead to refer to the manipulation by women of certain events and rituals in their own and their childrens life-courses for monetary gains. (excerpt)
Gas detection using low-temperature reduced graphene oxide sheets

We demonstrate a high-performance gas sensor using partially reduced graphene oxide (GO) sheets obtained through low-temperature step annealing (300 °C at maximum) in argon flow at atmospheric pressure. The electrical conductance of GO was measured after each heating cycle to interpret the level of reduction. The thermally reduced GO showed p-type semiconducting behavior in ambient conditions and were responsive to low-concentration NO2 diluted in air at room temperature. The sensitivity is attributed to the electron transfer from the reduced GO to adsorbed NO2, which leads to enriched hole concentration and enhanced electrical conduction in the reduced GO sheet.
Density theorems for sampling and interpolation in the Bargmann-Fock space I.

We give a complete description of sampling and interpolation in the Bargmann-Fock space, based on a density concept of Beurling. Roughly speaking, a discrete set is a set of sampling if and only if its density in every part of the plane is strictly larger than that of the von Neumann lattice, and similarly, a discrete set is a set of interpolation if and only if its density in every part of the plane is strictly smaller than that of the von Neumann lattice
Structural empirical models of spatial inequalities: housing choices, policies and generational consequences

This dissertation consists of three essays on the structural analysis of spatial inequalities. The first two essays rely on estimated parameters while the third is a fully calibrated model. In the first essay, we investigate the magnitude of individual willingness to pay for housing and neighborhood attributes by estimating a dynamic hedonic model. We use the mobility choice from the housing tenure data and the observed hedonic housing characteristics as the main sources of identification. Our results show that the observed and unobserved housing characteristics are negatively correlated. Failure to take into account the endogeneity bias could underestimate the true value of the observed characteristics of housing. In the second essay, I propose an equilibrium search model to assess the effectiveness of the French Employment Zones Policies. Each metropolitan area is considered as a local labor market that consists of a central location and an inner suburb. Firms and individuals may decide to move as an outcome of the policy. The results demonstrates that the policy has very limited effect on unemployment. Further investigations indicate that for the policy to work, the number of firms in ZFUs should be multiplied by 20, which constitutes an objective out of reach. Finally, in the third essay, I analyze the contribution of differences across individuals and locations to the dynamics of segregation and inequalities. I develop a Bewley-Huggett-Aiyagari type model where several frictions are represented. More precisely, we allow for segmentation between homeowners and renters in the housing market, imperfection in the capital market and individual mobility over the life-cycle. The dynamics of price combined to bequest motive provide the perfect framework to understand the tenure choice of individuals.
The role of pelvic fractures in the course of treatment and outcome of trauma patients.

BACKGROUND Pelvic fracture poses a complex challenge to the trauma surgeon. It is associated with head, thoracic and abdominal injuries. As pelvic fracture severity increases so does the number of associated injuries and the mortality rate. OBJECTIVES To report our experience in the treatment of pelvic fractures. METHODS Between October 1998 and September 2001, 78 patients with pelvic fractures were admitted to our hospital. The age range of the 56 male and 22 female patients was 16-92 (mean 42 years). The cause of injury was road accident in 52 patients, fall from a height in 15, a simple fall in 9, and gunshot wounds in 2 patients. The Glascow Coma Scale score on arrival at the hospital was 3-15 (average 12). Twenty-five patients (32%) were admitted to the intensive care unit, 38 (48%) to the orthopedic department, 5 (6.4%) to neurosurgery and the remainder to a surgical department. RESULTS Twenty-six patients (33.3%) received blood transfusion in the first 24 hours. Of the 25 patients with associated head trauma, 6 had intracranial bleeding (32%); 29 patients (37%) had associated chest trauma, 28 (35.9%) had associated abdominal trauma, 16 (20.5%) had vertebral fractures and 40 (51.2%) had associated limb fractures. Pelvic angiography was performed in 5 patients (6.4%), and computed tomography-angiography of the cervical arteries and chest was performed in 1 and 5 patients respectively. Overall, a CT scan was performed in 56 patients (71.8%), of whom 25 (32%) had a pelvic CT on admission. Injury Severity Score was 4-66 (median 20). Laparotomy was performed in 14 patients (18%), spinal fusion in 5 (6.4%), limb surgery in 16 (20.5%), cranial surgery in 4 (5.02%), pelvic surgery in 10 (12.8%), chest surgery in 3 (3.85%), and facial surgery in 2 patients (2.56%). Seven patients (9%) died during the course of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Pelvic fracture carries a high morbidity rate. Associated chest, abdomen and limb injuries are often encountered. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to improve survival and outcome in patients with pelvic fractures.
Survival of 798 low birth weight infants according to birth weight and gestational age.

Background: Prematurity is the most common cause of neonatal death, resulting in approximately 80% of the deaths of infants without congenital abnormalities. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the survival of low birth weight infants and to investigate the effect of birth weight, gestational age, and Apgar score on mortality rate. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively studied the mortality and survival of 798 newborns with birth weight of < 2500 g during a 4-year period in the neonatal intensive care unit of a referral hospital in Qom, Iran. Results: The survival-to-discharge rate was 50% for infants weighing < 1000 g and 84.2% for those weighing 1000 – 1499 g. Survival rates at 26, 27, and 28 weeks’ gestation were 54.1%, 63.6%, and 70.2%, respectively. An Apgar score of more than 5 at the first minute and more than 7 at the fifth minute were associated with better survival after hospital discharge. Conclusions: Our study showed that even with modern perinatal technology and care, early deaths of extremely low birth weight infants are common in our hospitals.
Measuring the Efficiency of Residential Real Estate Brokerage Firms

This article measures overall, allocative, technical, pure technical and scale efficiency levels for a sample of residential real estate brokerage firms using data envelopment analysis, a linear-programming technique. The results suggest that real estate brokerage firms operate inefficiently. Inefficiencies are primarily a function of sub-optimal input allocations and the failure to operate at constant returns to scale rather than from poor input utilization. Regression analysis is employed to determine which firm and/or market characteristics affect efficiency levels. The results show that increasing firm size increases efficiency while choosing to franchise, adding an additional multiple listing service and increasing operating leverage decreases firm performance.
Determinants of Return on Equity in U.S. Local Farm Supply and Grain Marketing Cooperatives

Farm supply cooperatives are an important component of the retail agribusiness industry in the United States. The objective of this research is to identify financial variables that are determinants of return on equity in these cooperatives. Firm effects are important and their effect is the result of managerial decision making and director policy. The estimated coefficient on asset size was not statistically significant, suggesting that return on equity is invariant to size over this time period.
MACRO AND MICRO EFFECTS OF RECENT AND POTENTIAL SHOCKS TO COPPER MINING IN ZAMBIA

"As a result of Zambia's dependence on copper mining, both the falling world copper price and the possible withdrawal of investment from the mining sector might seriously threaten economic growth and stability. Accordingly, the impact of a 20 percent reduction in world copper prices and a complete collapse of the copper mining sector are modeled using a 1995 computable general equilibrium model for Zambia. Results indicate that the fall in world copper prices will place significant pressure on non-mining exports, with much of the burden of raising foreign exchange falling on the food, beverages and tobacco, and textiles and garment sectors. However, the agricultural and agro-related industries are the most export-responsive (albeit from initially low levels) to the forced depreciation of the currency. The complete collapse of copper mining in Zambia is shown to have a substantial and negative impact on the economy. The fall in production and exports for this important sector leads to a considerable depreciation of the currency in order to fill the resulting gap in foreign earnings. In the short-run, real GDP is reduced by as much as 16 percent. Although the largest increase in exports arises within the food, beverages and tobacco sector, the agricultural and agro-related sectors show considerable potential as sources of foreign exchange earnings. It is found that both the fall in world prices and the reduction in mining output lead to a fall in total real household consumption. However, given that rural households derive a relatively high share of their income from tradable sectors that benefit from the depreciation, the shocks lead to a progressive redistribution of household incomes and consumption. The impact of providing an injection of foreign exchange into the country is found to involve a trade-off between alleviating the negative welfare effects of the copper mining shocks and the provision of incentives for structural adjustment. Furthermore, targeted capital investment in highly export-responsive sectors reduces the necessary depreciation of the real exchange rate, and the need for structural adjustment in other areas of the economy. " Authors' Abstract.
Global Inequalities at Work: Work's Impact on the Health of Individuals, Families, and Societies

Introduction: The global spread of risk PART I: GLOBAL HEALTH RISKS IN THE WORKPLACE: THE IMPACT ON INDIVIDUALS 1. Impact of chemical and physical exposures on workers' health 2. Biological and social risks intertwined: the case of AIDS 3. Individuals at risk: the case of child labour PART II: THE BROADER IMPACT OF GLOBAL WORKING CONDITIONS: THE EFFECT ON FAMILIES 4. Labor conditions and the health of children, elderly and disabled family members 5. Maternal labor, breast-feeding, and infant health 6. Parental labor and child nutrition beyond infancy PART III: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORK AND POPULATION HEALTH 7. Wage poverty, earned income inequality, and health 8. Gender inequality in work, health, and income 9. Women, labour, and social transitions PART IV: GLOBALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY: THE RISKS AND OPPORTUNITIES IT CREATES FOR HEALTH 10. Work and health in export industries at national borders 11. Opportunities for improving working conditions through international agreements 12. The role global labour standards could play in addressing basic needs