Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-reported psychopathic traits and socio-emotional function in 9-12 year old children from the community

The aim of this thesis was to enhance our understanding of the concept of psychopathic traits in preadolescent children. It did so by investigating a new assessment tool providing a previously unexplored perspective on psychopathic traits in preadolescent children: that of the child itself. This is important because children are in the unique position to report on feelings, attitudes and behaviors across a range of situations, including the home, the classroom and the playground. Furthermore, it sought to provide a deeper understanding of the nature of psychopathic traits and their relations to problematic socio-emotional functioning. It was concluded that psychopathic traits can be indeed measured reliably and meaningfully through self-report in 9 to 12 year olds. Furthermore, children with high levels of psychopathic traits were shown to suffer from impaired social functioning emotionally, motivationally, and interpersonally. These problems may be important targets for future interventions for this group. Finally, it was demonstrated that that children with psychopathic traits are prone to act aggressively, but also that this aggression is dynamic and is dependent upon circumstances. Their aggression can be attenuated by a salient display of others’ distress. These results suggest that empathy based treatment techniques may reduce aggression in children with psychopathic traits.
Contribution of the N-acetyltransferase 2 polymorphism NAT2*6A to age-related hearing impairment

Background: Age-related hearing impairment (ARHI) is the most common sensory impairment in older people, affecting 50% of those aged 80 years. The proportion of older people is increasing in the general population, and as a consequence, the number of people affected with ARHI is growing. ARHI is a complex disorder, with both environmental and genetic factors contributing to the disease. The first studies to elucidate these genetic factors were recently performed, resulting in the identification of the first two susceptibility genes for ARHI, NAT2 and KCNQ4. Methods: In the present study, the association between ARHI and polymorphisms in genes that contribute to the defence against reactive oxygen species, including GSTT1, GSTM1 and NAT2, was tested. Samples originated from seven different countries and were combined into two test population samples, the general European population and the Finnish population. Two distinct phenotypes for ARHI were studied, Zlow and Zhigh, representing hearing in the low and high frequencies, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed for single polymorphisms (GSTM1, GSTT1, NAT2*5A, NAT2*6A, and NAT2*7A), haplotypes, and gene–environment and gene–gene interactions. Results: We found an association between ARHI and GSTT1 and GSTM1 in the Finnish population sample, and with NAT2*6A in the general European population sample. The latter finding replicates previously published data. Conclusion: As replication is considered the ultimate proof of true associations in the study of complex disorders, this study provides further support for the involvement of NAT2*6A in ARHI.
The Open University ’ s repository of research publications and other research outputs Diurnal Variation in Martian Dust Devil Activity

We show that the dust devil parameterisation in use in most Mars Global Circulation Models (MGCMs) results in an unexpectedly high level of dust devil activity during morning hours. Prior expectations of the diurnal variation of Martian dust devils are based mainly upon the observed behaviour of terrestrial dust devils: i.e. that the majority occur during the afternoon. We instead find that large areas of the Martian surface experience dust devil activity during the morning in our MGCM, and that many locations experience a peak in dust devil activity before mid-sol. We find that the diurnal variation in dust devil activity is governed by near-surface wind speeds. Within the range of daylight hours, higher wind speeds tend to produce higher levels of dust devil activity, rather than the activity simply being governed by the availability of heat at the planet’s surface, which peaks in early afternoon. Evidence for whether the phenomenon we observe is real or an artefact of the parameterisation is inconclusive. We compare our results with surface-based observations of Martian dust devil timings and obtain a good match with the majority of surveys. We do not find a good match with orbital observations, which identify a diurnal distribution more closely matching that of terrestrial dust devils, but orbital observations have limited temporal coverage, biased towards the early afternoon. We propose that the generally accepted description of dust devil behaviour on Mars is incomplete, and that theories of dust devil formation may need to be modified specifically for the Martian environment. Further surveys of dust devil observations are required to support any such modifications. These surveys should include both surface and orbital observations, and the range of observations must encompass the full diurnal period and consider the wider meteorological context surrounding the observations.
Renormalization Group (RG) in Turbulence: Historical and Comparative Perspective

The terms renormalization and renormalization group are explained by reference to various physical systems. The extension of renormalization group to turbulence is then discussed; first as a comprehensive review and second concentrating on the technical details of a few selected approaches. We conclude with a discussion of the relevance and application of renormalization group to turbulence modelling.
Randomized phase II study of two schedules of topotecan in previously treated patients with ovarian cancer: a National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group study.

PURPOSE As topotecan is S-phase-specific, its efficacy is likely schedule-dependent. Therefore, a randomized study using a "pick the winner" design was undertaken to compare two schedules in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer previously treated with no more than two separate regimens of chemotherapy, one of which had to be platinum-containing, were randomized to either topotecan 1.5 mg/m2 intravenously (i.v.) over 30 minutes daily for 5 days repeated every 21 days (arm A, the standard arm), or topotecan 1.75 mg/m2 as a 24-hour infusion once a week for 4 weeks repeated every 6 weeks (arm B, the experimental arm). RESULTS Sixty-six patients were eligible and 63 were assessable for response. The response rate in arm A was 22.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.6% to 41.2%), which was significantly superior to that in arm B, 3.1% (95% CI, 0.1% to 16%) (P = .026). The regimens were not equitoxic, with 94% of patients on arm A experiencing grade 3 or 4 granulocytopenia as opposed to 52% on arm B. CONCLUSION The weekly 24 hour infusion of topotecan at 1.75 mg/m2 was ineffective in relapsed ovarian cancer. The daily-times-five schedule remains the schedule of choice. As the regimens were not equitoxic, one cannot differentiate between an ineffective schedule and an ineffective dose as the reason for the differing response rates. However, the degree of myelotoxicity that already occurs will preclude any substantially higher dosing with the weekly regimen.
The meaning and experience of participation in stroke survivors.

In the UK, one in four men and one in five women will be expected to have experienced a stroke by the time they are eighty five (Daniel, Wolfe, Busch, & McKevitt, 2009). Medical advancements which make survival more likely mean that there is a growing population of people living with the long term impact of stroke. The success of rehabilitation was traditionally judged by functional ability and coping with everyday tasks. The inclusion of the term ‘participation’, in the ICF (World Health Organisation, 2001) represents a shift in healthcare and research to a more holistic view of rehabilitation. Pre-defined measures of participation may not capture subjective experience, and little research exists which investigates participation in stroke survivors from a patient perspective. This research aimed to explore the meaning and experience of participation in stroke survivors. These aims required the collection of deep, rich data, from a small sample of participants. A qualitative methodology was therefore needed, and Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis was identified as an appropriate approach by which to find the underlying essences of a multiplicity of experiences. The central themes within the findings were ‘meaning’ and ‘experience’. ‘Meaning’ included the sub-themes ‘being actively involved’, ‘making meaningful choices’ and ‘being me’. ‘Being me’ described the relationship between self-identity, role and participation, which has not previously been explored in relation to stroke. Sub-themes of ‘experience’ were ‘acceptance’, ’coping’ and ‘new participation’. The findings suggest that each stroke survivor has a unique experience of participation, therefore individualised approaches to rehabilitation may be most effective. Future research should include exploring the link between participation and self-identity in stroke survivors, in order to build on our understanding of the link between participation and self-identity in relation to stroke.
Safe Memory-Leak Fixing for C Programs

Automatic bug fixing has become a promising direction for reducing manual effort in debugging. However, general approaches to automatic bug fixing may face some fundamental difficulties. In this paper, we argue that automatic fixing of specific types of bugs can be a useful complement. This paper reports our first attempt towards automatically fixing memory leaks in C programs. Our approach generates only safe fixes, which are guaranteed not to interrupt normal execution of the program. To design such an approach, we have to deal with several challenging problems such as inter-procedural leaks, global variables, loops, and leaks from multiple allocations. We propose solutions to all the problems and integrate the solutions into a coherent approach. We implemented our inter-procedural memory leak fixing into a tool named Leak Fix and evaluated Leak Fix on 15 programs with 522k lines of code. Our evaluation shows that Leak Fix is able to successfully fix a substantial number of memory leaks, and Leak Fix is scalable for large applications.
A dynamic meiotic SUN belt includes the zygotene-stage telomere bouquet and is disrupted in chromosome segregation mutants of maize (Zea mays L.)

The nuclear envelope (NE) plays an essential role in meiotic telomere behavior and links the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm during homologous chromosome pairing and recombination in many eukaryotic species. Resident NE proteins including SUN (Sad-1/UNC-84) and KASH (Klarsicht/ANC-1/Syne-homology) domain proteins are known to interact forming the Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex that connects chromatin to the cytoskeleton. To investigate the possible cross-kingdom conservation of SUN protein functions in plant meiosis, we immunolocalized maize SUN2 using 3D microscopy of pollen mother cells from maize (Zea mays L.), a large-genome plant model with a canonical NE zygotene-stage telomere bouquet. We detected SUN2 at the nuclear periphery and found that it exhibited a distinct belt-like structure that transitioned to a half-belt during the zygotene stage and back to a full belt during and beyond the pachytene stage. The zygotene-stage half-belt SUN structure was shown by 3D immuno-FISH to include the NE-associated telomere cluster that defines the bouquet stage and coincides with homologous chromosome synapsis. Microtubule and filamentous actin staining patterns did not show any obvious belt or a retracted-like structure other than a general enrichment of tubulin staining distributed widely around the nucleus and throughout the cytoplasm. Genetic disruption of the meiotic SUN belt staining patterns with three different meiosis-specific mutants, desynaptic (dy1), asynaptic1 (as1), and divergent spindle1 (dv1) provides additional evidence for the role of the nuclear envelope in meiotic chromosome behavior. Taking into account all of the observations from this study, we propose that the maize SUN belt is directly or indirectly involved in meiotic telomere dynamics, chromosome synapsis, and possibly integration of signals and forces across the meiotic prophase nuclear envelope.
Transport of dissolved inorganic carbon from a tidal freshwater marsh to the York River estuary

The cycling of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and the role of tidal marshes in estuarine DIC dynamics were studied in a Virginia tidal freshwater marsh and adjacent estuary. DIC was measured over diurnal cycles in different seasons in a marsh tidal creek and at the junction of the creek with the adjacent Pamunkey River. In the creek, DIC concentrations around high tide were controlled by the same processes affecting whole‐estuary DIC gradients. Near low tide, DIC concentrations were 1.5–5‐fold enriched relative to high tide concentrations, indicating an input of DIC from the marsh. Similar patterns (although dampened in magnitude) were observed at the creek mouth and indicated that DIC was exported from the marsh. Marsh pore‐water DIC concentrations were up to 5 mmol L−1 greater than those in the creek and suggested a significant input of sediment pore water to the creek. A model of tidal marsh DIC export showed that, on a seasonal basis, DIC export rates were influenced by water temperature. The composition of exported DIC averaged 19% dissolved CO2 and 81% HCO3− and CO32−. Although CO2 can be lost to the atmosphere during transit through the estuary, DIC in the form of carbonate alkalinity is subject to export from the estuary to the coastal ocean. When extrapolated to an estuarywide scale, the export of marsh‐derived DIC to the York River estuary explained a significant portion (47 ± 23%) of excess DIC production (i.e., DIC in excess of that expected from conservative mixing between seawater and freshwater and equilibrium with the atmosphere) in this system. Therefore, CO2 supersaturation, by itself, does not indicate that an estuary is net heterotrophic.
Weigh it and share it!: crowdsourcing for pro-environmental data collection

Crowdsourcing for addressing environmental challenges is a promising area in HCI research. This work investigates participation in a crowdsourcing initiative that combined a social-purpose activity with the interest of a company to crowdsource a labour-intensive task. The initiative was based on the deployment of a mobile application for pro-environmental data collection, namely collecting data about weight and type of product packaging. We report the results of a 9-month study conducted within a living lab that involved 96 customers of a large retail store. The analysis of usage logs and patterns of behaviour show different user categories: constant, sprinter and casual users. A survey was conducted to compare those categories as far as demographics, personality traits and usability metrics are concerned. Ten follow-up interviews further investigated motivations behind different usage patterns. The results provide insights on different types of contributors, reporting evidence on what motivated committed and less committed participants.
Nanoparticle-based PARACEST agents: the quenching effect of silica nanoparticles on the CEST signal from surface-conjugated chelates.

Silica nanoparticles of average diameter 53 ± 3 nm were prepared using standard water-in-oil microemulsion methods. After conversion of the surface Si-OH groups to amino groups for further conjugation, the PARACEST agent, EuDOTA-(gly)₄ (-) was coupled to the amines via one or more side-chain carboxyl groups in an attempt to trap water molecules in the inner-sphere of the complex. Fluorescence and ICP analyses showed that approximately 1200 Eu(3+) complexes were attached to each silica nanoparticle, leaving behind excess protonated amino groups. CEST spectra of the modified silica nanoparticles showed that attachment of the EuDOTA-(gly)₄ (-) to the surface of the nanoparticles did not result in a decrease in water exchange kinetics as anticipated, but rather resulted in a complete elimination of the normal Eu(3+) -bound water exchange peak and broadening of the bulk water signal. This observation was traced to catalysis of proton exchange from the Eu(3+) -bound water molecule by excess positively charged amino groups on the surface of the nanoparticles.
Three-dimensional water-wave scattering in two-layer fluids

We consider, using linear water-wave theory, three-dimensional problems concerning the interaction of waves with structures in a fluid which contains a layer of finite depth bounded above by a free surface and below by an infinite layer of fluid of greater density. For such a situation time-harmonic waves can propagate with two different wavenumbers K and k. In a single-layer fluid there are a number of reciprocity relations that exist connecting the various hydrodynamic quantities that arise, and these relations are systematically extended to the two-fluid case. The particular problems of wave radiation and scattering by a submerged sphere in either the upper or lower layer are then solved using multipole expansions.
Osteosarcoma of the Proximal Humerus: Long-Term Results With Limb-Sparing Surgery

The purpose of the current study was to analyze the long-term oncologic and functional results and complications associated with limb-sparing surgery and endoprosthetic reconstruction for 23 patients with osteosarcoma of the proximal humerus. There was one Stage IIA lesion, 18 Stage IIB lesions, and four Stage III lesions in this study group. Twenty-two patients were treated with an extraarticular resection that included the deltoid and rotator cuff and one patient was treated with an intraarticular resection that spared the shoulder abductors. In all these patients, the proximal humerus was reconstructed with a cemented endoprosthetic replacement that was stabilized via a technique of static suspension (Dacron tapes) and dynamic suspension (muscle transfers). At latest followup (median, 10 years), 15 patients (65%) were alive without evidence of disease. There were no local recurrences. Prosthetic survival was 100% for the 15 survivors. The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society upper extremity functional score ranged from 24 to 27 (80%–90%). All shoulders were stable and pain-free. Elbow and hand function were preserved in all patients. The most common complication was a transient neurapraxia (n = 8). En bloc extraarticular resection and endoprosthetic reconstruction is a safe and reliable method of limb-sparing surgery for patients with high-grade extracompartmental osteosarcoma of the proximal humerus.
Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi terhadap Motivasi Kerja, Komitmen, dan Kinerja Karyawan di SMAN 9 Pontianak

This study is aimed to describe and to find the influence of organization culture toward work motivation, commitment and performance. This study is conducted on Pontianak State Senior High School 9 in 2009. It is used permanent lecture as the sample of study they are 30 persons. Used variable consists of organization culture variable, lecture work motivation, lecture commitment and lecture performance. By using path analysis technique; it is known that commonly organization culture in Pontianak State Senior High School 9 is better. It is shown by the existence of significance influence toward work motivation, commitment and performance of lecture. Motivation is the most important factor that has biggest influence toward lecture performance. Thus, the principal of institution is expected to focus his attention toward motivation role. Beside, there should be any effort in increasing commitment by realizing that institution has strong supporting factor to increase this commitment. That is by lecture status as State Civil Officer. Keywords: Organization Culture, Work Motivation, Commitment, Lecture Performance
Evidence-based detection of pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis: the DETECT study

Objective Earlier detection of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a leading cause of death in systemic sclerosis (SSc), facilitates earlier treatment. The objective of this study was to develop the first evidence-based detection algorithm for PAH in SSc. Methods In this cross-sectional, international study conducted in 62 experienced centres from North America, Europe and Asia, adults with SSc at increased risk of PAH (SSc for >3 years and predicted pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide <60%) underwent a broad panel of non-invasive assessments followed by diagnostic right heart catheterisation (RHC). Univariable and multivariable analyses selected the best discriminatory variables for identifying PAH. After assessment for clinical plausibility and feasibility, these were incorporated into a two-step, internally validated detection algorithm. Nomograms for clinical practice use were developed. Results Of 466 SSc patients at increased risk of PAH, 87 (19%) had RHC-confirmed PAH. PAH was mild (64% in WHO functional class I/II). Six simple assessments in Step 1 of the algorithm determined referral to echocardiography. In Step 2, the Step 1 prediction score and two echocardiographic variables determined referral to RHC. The DETECT algorithm recommended RHC in 62% of patients (referral rate) and missed 4% of PAH patients (false negatives). By comparison, applying European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society guidelines to these patients, 29% of diagnoses were missed while requiring an RHC referral rate of 40%. Conclusions The novel, evidence-based DETECT algorithm for PAH detection in SSc is a sensitive, non-invasive tool which minimises missed diagnoses, identifies milder disease and addresses resource usage.
Compulsory Community and Involuntary Outpatient Treatment for People with Severe Mental Disorders

This is a summary by Catriona Kennedy of the Cochrane Review of Kisely, S.R. , Campbell, L.A. , O'Reilly, R. Compulsory community and involuntary outpatient treatment for people with severe mental disorders. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, Issue 3, Art No: CD004408. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004408. pub5.
Sex-specific strategy use and global-local processing: a perspective toward integrating sex differences in cognition

This article reviews the literature on sex-specific strategy use in cognitive tasks with the aim to carve out a link between sex differences in different cognitive tasks. I conclude that male strategies are commonly holistic and oriented toward global stimulus aspects, while female strategies are commonly decomposed and oriented toward local stimulus aspects. Thus, the strategies observed in different tasks, may depend on sex differences in attentional focus and hence sex differences in global-local processing. I hypothesize that strategy use may be sex hormone dependent and hence subject to change over the menstrual cycle as evidenced by findings in global-local processing and emotional memory. Furthermore, I propose sex hormonal modulation of hemispheric asymmetries as one possible neural substrate for this theory, thereby building on older theories, emphasizing the importance of sex differences in brain lateralization. The ideas described in the current article represent a perspective toward a unifying approach to the study of sex differences in cognition and their neural correlates.