Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large-scale Analysis of in Vivo Phosphorylated Membrane Proteins by Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry*

Global analyses of protein phosphorylation require specific enrichment methods because of the typically low abundance of phosphoproteins. To date, immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) for phosphopeptides has shown great promise for large-scale studies, but has a reputation for poor specificity. We investigated the potential of IMAC in combination with capillary liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for the identification of plasma membrane phosphoproteins of Arabidopsis. Without chemical modification of peptides, over 75% pure phosphopeptides were isolated from plasma membrane digests and detected and sequenced by mass spectrometry. We present a scheme for two-dimensional peptide separation using strong anion exchange chromatography prior to IMAC that both decreases the complexity of IMAC-purified phosphopeptides and yields a far greater coverage of monophosphorylated peptides. Among the identified sequences, six originated from different isoforms of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase and defined two previously unknown phosphorylation sites at the regulatory C terminus. The potential for large-scale identification of phosphorylation sites on plasma membrane proteins will have wide-ranging implications for research in signal transduction, cell-cell communication, and membrane transport processes.
Headache in Young Children in the Emergency Department: Use of Computed Tomography

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to determine whether computed tomographic (CT) scans led to better acute care of young children with headache presenting the emergency department (ED). METHODS: We examined the records of 364 children 2 to 5 years of age who presented with headache to a large urban ED between July 1, 2003, and June 30, 2006. By reviewing initial history and examination findings, we first identified patients with secondary headaches (ie, with readily identifiable explanations such as ventriculoperitoneal shunts, known brain tumors, or acute illnesses, such as viral syndromes, fever, probable meningitis, or trauma). Charts for the remaining patients were reviewed for headache history, neurologic examination findings, laboratory and neuroimaging results, final diagnosis, and disposition. RESULTS: On the basis of initial history and physical examination results, 306 children (84%) had secondary headaches. For 72% of those children, acute febrile illnesses and viral respiratory syndromes accounted for the headaches. Among the 58 children (16%) who had no recognized central nervous system disease or systemic illness at presentation, 28% had CT scans performed. Of those, 1 scan yielded abnormal results, showing a brainstem glioma; the patient demonstrated abnormal neurologic examination findings on the day of presentation. For 15 (94%) of 16 patients, the CT scans did not contribute to diagnosis or management. For 59% of children with apparently primary headaches, no family history was recorded. CONCLUSION: For young children presenting to the ED with headache but normal neurologic examination findings and nonworrying history, CT scans seldom lead to diagnosis or contribute to immediate management.
Child development at the intersection of emotion and cognition

Developmental theorists have long speculated that emotion and cognition are inseparable components of the developmental process. Some even suggest that the two components are fully integrated by school age. Yet, despite considerable theoretical work describing this interaction, relatively little empirical work has been conducted on the subject. This volume addresses the codevelopment of emotional and cognitive processes by integrating theoretical and empirical work on these processes. The first part of the book demonstrates the codependence of emotional and cognitive processes, noting that both processes are clearly necessary for successful regulation of thought and behavior and that children with early adjustment difficulties often have deficits in both types of processing. The second part considers possible neurological and genetic mechanisms for the emotion-cognition link. Finally, the last part explores implications for clinical and educational research, highlighting atypical emotional and cognitive processing and its effect on adjustment in academic and social settings.
Bacteria Ingestion by Blowfly Larvae: An in vitro Study

Background: Maggot debridement therapy is the medical use of live fly larvae for cleaning chronic and infected wounds, removing devitalized tissue and decreasing the risk of infection. Maggot-derived proteins are able to kill bacteria, and proteolytic enzymes are responsible for the liquefying of necrotic tissue. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate bacterial ingestion by larvae roaming free on bacterial agar, compared to those larvae contained within vinyl bags. Methods: Free-roaming sterile larvae of Lucilia sericata and larvae contained in vinyl bags were fed on Escherichia coli producing green fluorescent protein (GFP). The time interval to the onset of fluorescent maggots was determined. At different time intervals, maggots were sacrificed, washed in sterile saline, sagittally cut in frozen sections and examined under a microscope with UV light. Results: After feeding on GFP-labelled E. coli, maggots roaming free on bacterial lawn agar demonstrated fluorescence after 3 min, maggots entrapped in vinyl bags after 25 min. In the sagittal frozen sections, the highest fluorescent intensity was detected in the larvae’s rostral part of the alimentary tract, the crop and the anterior midgut. Conclusion: In an in vitro setting, digestion and ingestion of whole or disintegrated bacteria is accomplished within minutes. The vinyl bag’s permeable membrane clearly causes a delay of this process.
Empowering Patients and Caregivers to Manage Healthcare Via Streamlined Presentation of Web Objects Selected by Modeling Learning Benefits Obtained by Similar Peers

In this article, we introduce a framework for selecting web objects (texts, videos, simulations) from a large online repository to present to patients and caregivers, in order to assist in their healthcare. Motivated by the paradigm of peer-based intelligent tutoring, we model the learning gains achieved by users when exposed to specific web objects in order to recommend those objects most likely to deliver benefit to new users. We are able to show that this streamlined presentation leads to effective knowledge gains, both through a process of simulated learning and through a user study, for the specific application of caring for children with autism. The value of our framework for peer-driven content selection of health information is emphasized through two additional roles for peers: attaching commentary to web objects and proposing subdivided objects for presentation, both of which are demonstrated to deliver effective learning gains, in simulations. In all, we are offering an opportunity for patients to navigate the deep waters of excessive online information towards effective management of healthcare, through content selection influenced by previous peer experiences.
Sexe du chef de ménage et inégalités scolaires à Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

Les possibilites d’education des enfants qui vivent dans un menage dirige par une femme en Afrique subsaharienne ont ete bien decrites, mais on sait peu de choses sur la distribution de cet effet entre les differents enfants au sein du menage. A partir des donnees censitaires de 2006 de Ouagadougou, l’article a comme double objectif de revisiter le resultat de la meilleure scolarisation des enfants par les femmes chefs de menages en Afrique subsaharienne, et d’examiner si cette aptitude des femmes joue un role dans la reduction des inegalites scolaires selon le genre et le statut familial des enfants. Les resultats montrent que les enfants qui sont mieux scolarises par les femmes que par les hommes chefs de menage sont principalement les garcons qui leurs sont confies. Ils montrent aussi que les menages diriges par les femmes sont plus discriminatoires a l’encontre des filles que ceux diriges par les hommes.
An instance-based physical violence detection algorithm for school bullying prevention

School bullying is a common social problem around the world which affects teenagers, and physical violence is considered to be the most harmful. This paper proposed an automatic physical bullying detection method with movement sensors to protect teenagers. Four features were extracted from acceleration and gyro data, and an Instance-Based classifier was applied upon them. Altogether eight kinds of activities, including three bullying kinds and five daily-life kinds, were acted by role playing. Simulations were performed on these data, and the results showed that the proposed algorithm could recognize physical bullying events and distinguish them from daily-life ones at an average accuracy of 80%. This showed a promise in automatic school bullying prevention with activity recognition techniques.
THE CONTOUR OF SPLITTING TREES IS A LÉVY PROCESS

Splitting trees are those random trees where individuals give birth at a constant rate during a lifetime with general distribution, to i.i. d. copies of themselves. The width process of a splitting tree is then a binary, homogeneous Crump-Mode-Jagers (CMJ) process, and is not Markovian unless the lifetime distribution is exponential (or a Dirac mass at {∞}). Here, we allow the birth rate to be infinite, that is, pairs of birth times and life spans of newboms form a Poisson point process along the lifetime of their mother, with possibly infinite intensity measure. A splitting tree is a random (so-called) chronological tree. Each element of a chronological tree is a (so-called) existence point (ν, τ) of some individual ν (vertex) in a discrete tree where τ is a nonnegative real number called chronological level (time). We introduce a total order on existence points, called linear order, and a mapping ϕ from the tree into the real line which preserves this order. The inverse of ϕ is called the exploration process, and the projection of this inverse on chronological levels the contour process. For splitting trees truncated up to level r, we prove that a thus defined contour process is a Levy process reflected below τ and killed upon hitting 0. This allows one to derive properties of (i) splitting trees: conceptual proof of Le Gall-Le Jan's theorem in the finite variation case, exceptional points, coalescent point process and age distribution; (ii) CMJ processes: one-dimensional marginals, conditionings, limit theorems and asymptotic numbers of individuals with infinite versus finite descendances.
Consciousness, awareness of insight and neural mechanisms of schizophrenia

Abstract According to recent research, disturbances of self-awareness and conscious experience have a critical role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, and in this context, schizophrenia is currently understood as a disorder characterized by distortions of acts of awareness, self-consciousness, and self-monitoring. Together, these studies suggest that the processes of disrupted awareness and conscious disintegration in schizophrenia might be related and represented by similar disruptions on the brain level, which, in principle, could be explained by various levels of disturbed connectivity and information disintegration that may negatively affect usual patterns of synchronous activity constituting adaptive integrative functions of consciousness. On the other hand, mental integration based on self-awareness and insight may significantly increase information integration and directly influence neural mechanisms underlying basic pathophysiological processes in schizophrenia.
Invisible Centers: Boris Johnson, authenticity, cultural citizenship and a centrifugal model of media power

In October 2004, British Tory MP Boris Johnson found himself in conflict with the city of Liverpool. The wrath of the Mersey had been incurred by an editorial published in a magazine called The Spectator decrying a “culture of sentimentality” eroding Britain's moral fiber. This had been demonstrated in the public mourning of Liverpool-born engineer Ken Bigley, who had been kidnapped and executed by Iraqi militia. As the magazine's editor, Johnson shouldered the blame for the offending piece. Using an archive of letters written to the MP in the wake of the scandal, the present paper will argue that this was an event lending important insights into how audiences make sense of mediated politics. Qualitative and quantitative methods are used to outline a centrifugal model of media power. Within this paradigm, the data suggest that while audiences are highly critical of discrete media representations, they have little to say on fundamental relations between politics and mediation. Public readings of “authenticity” are used to demonstrate centrifugal thinking. Authenticity is presented as a phenomenon with a necessarily performed and therefore mediated dimension. Although critiques of performance are present in the Johnson letters, definitions of the authentic are dominated by empirically realist orientations, suggesting a tendency to focus on content over form. This, I conclude, speaks to an important weakness in structures of cultural citizenship.
Media representation of science: How the Philippine press defines biotechnology

The Philippines is the first and only Asian country to approve genetically modified (GM) Bt corn for commercialization. Even prior to its approval and eventual commercialization, the print media assumed a critical role in providing information about biotechnology and in documenting the scientific process that led to its adoption by farmers. To develop an understanding of the media coverage of modern biotechnology in the Philippines, a tenyear study (2000 to 2009) was conducted to find out how the country’s three major national newspapers Manila Bulletin, Philippine Daily Inquirer and Philippine Star defined biotechnology through the use of metaphors. Categorized mostly under fearand promise domains, metaphors were dominant during the first half of the decade due to uncertainty and unfamiliarity of the technology and the absence of concrete biotech products. An analysis of metaphors showed exaggerated claims and drama initially but a shift towards straight science-based reporting citing authoritative sources was observed over time. This shows the ability of the Philippine press to define accurately and describe the technology. It was able to negotiate meanings with scientists and key stakeholders enabling it to evolve from sensational writing to clear definitions of concepts and processes.
Self-decontaminating properties of fluorinated copolymers integrated with ciprofloxacin for synergistically inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli

In this paper, copolymers composed of antibacterial monomer containing ciprofloxacin, methyl methacrylate (MMA), and 2-perfluorooctylethyl methacrylate (FMA) were prepared, and the surface properties and antibacterial performance of the copolymers and blends-mixed PMMA were investigated. Surface characterization using dynamic contact angle measurement and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that anti-adhesive fluorinated moieties and antimicrobial moieties were highly concomitant on the material surface. All the copolymers and blends films exhibited excellent antibacterial properties. It was found that the fluorinated antibacterial copolymers showed significantly enhanced antibacterial efficiency toward Escherichia coli bacterium, and even markedly prevented the formation of biofilm for long term. The PMMA films blended with fluorinated antibacterial polymer also show similar results. In contrast, the common copolymer without fluorinated units cannot effectively resist bacterial adhesion, proliferation, and prevent biofilm formation. The desirable antibacterial polymer prohibiting the biofilm formation performance of copolymer with special push-me/pull-you structure which weaken the interaction among polymer chains resulted in the more easy segregation of ciprofloxacin on surface in real environment by the help of synergistic effect of fluorinated units, potentially enabling the design of new self-decontaminating biomaterials for control biofouling.
Efficacy of ezetimibe for the treatment of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis: An open‐label, pilot study

Aim: Non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is considered a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. However, effective drug therapy for NASH has not been established yet. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of 6 months of ezetimibe treatment for NASH patients with dyslipidemia for the comparison of improvement of the clinical parameters and histological alterations.
An Organizational Approach to Comparative Corporate Governance: Costs, Contingencies, and Complementarities

This paper develops an organizational approach to corporate governance and assesses the effectiveness of corporate governance and implications for policy. Most corporate governance research focuses on a universal link between corporate governance practices (e.g., board structure, shareholder activism) and performance outcomes, but neglects how interdependencies between the organization and diverse environments lead to variations in the effectiveness of different governance practices. In contrast to such closed systems approaches, we propose a framework based on open systems approaches to organizations, which examines these organizational interdependencies in terms of the costs, contingencies, and complementarities of different corporate governance practices. These three sets of organizational factors are useful in analyzing the effectiveness of corporate governance in diverse organizational environments. We also explore the impact of costs, contingencies, and complementarities on the effectiveness of different governance aspects through the use of stylized cases and discuss the implications for different approaches to policy such as soft law or hard law.
Class, Culture and Identity

he articles brought together in this special issue of Sociology are a representative selection of those submitted in response to the editors’ invitation to write pieces to the title we chose for it – a selection of the very best from a range of innovative, informed and well-written work. I read through them with interest and enjoyment at all stages of the editorial process. So it is perhaps perverse to take the approach to this introduction which I intend to employ, but actually I do think it is rather important. I want to focus not so much on what the pieces say – on the character of their general approach; on the aspects of class, culture and identity with which they engage; on the methods of empirical research that the authors have employed – as on what is missing (relatively I emphasize – not absolutely) – both from the selection published here and from the wider body of work from which it was drawn. I have adopted this approach (and, at least in the introduction to this introduction, a deliberate employment of the first person as authorial voice) because I want to react to the version of what matters about class, culture and identity that tends to inform the approach of those addressing these issues today. I emphasize react – not reject. It seems to me that the issues dealt with in the pieces in this collection matter, that the approaches adopted to understanding them advance our understanding, and that the empirical foundations of the work are solid and appropriate. Moreover, many of the authors explicitly identify a crucial component of the absences I want to address, particularly by reference to the work of Fraser (2000). That said, the absence matters and in one aspect at least I think it matters a very great deal and is not recognized in the general body of work on these issues, as that work is being done by social scientists in the early years of the 21st century. At the risk of pretentiousness, I want to suggest the necessity for a synthesis, with that word understood explicitly in a dialectical form. The cultural turn in class, which is often also a turn
Threat of losing valued job features: The role of perceived control in mediating the effect of qualitative job insecurity on job strain and psychological withdrawal

Quantitative job insecurity, relating to threat of job loss, has received considerable research attention, but relatively little is known about qualitative job insecurity. The latter relates to uncertainty regarding valued job characteristics, such as career and wage progression. The aim of this study was to investigate whether situational appraisals of control may account for the relationship between qualitative job insecurity and both job strain (depressive symptoms and upper musculoskeletal complaints) and psychological withdrawal (affective organizational commitment and turnover intentions). The hypotheses were tested by means of two-wave longitudinal data (time lag of 14 months) from 722 Swedish white-collar workers in four samples. The results of cross-lagged structural equation modelling showed that qualitative job insecurity was negatively related to subsequent perceived control. Furthermore, perceptions of high control over the job situation were associated with decreased depressive symptoms and increased affective organizational commitment over time. Formal tests pointed at a significant indirect effect of qualitative job insecurity on affective organizational commitment through perceived control. No effects of perceived control on upper musculoskeletal complaints and turnover intentions were found. This study indicates the importance of qualitative job insecurity for employees’ functioning and highlights perceived control as an explanation of job insecurity outcomes.
Productive Activity in Later Life

The authors examined time spent on paid and unpaid work across the life course and historically to reflect on connections between activity patterns and macroeconomic events. The authors conducted quasi-cohort analysis on time-use data over 30 years to examine trends in paid and unpaid work. Women aged 40 years and older spent more time on paid work and less time on unpaid work between 1971 and 1998. Men’s paid work time decreased between 1971 and 1981 and between 1992 and 1998 but increased between 1981 and 1992, paralleling economic cycles. Paid work declined in later life, both in cross-sections and within birth cohorts, for men and women, and it declined more rapidly with each successive survey year. Unpaid work peaked around the usual retirement age for men and women in all birth cohorts. Retired seniors remained engaged in productive activities into later life, making a partial substitution of one form of productive engagement for another.