Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bmc Medical Informatics and Decision Making Computerized Clinical Documentation System in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Background: To determine whether a computerized clinical documentation system (CDS): 1) decreased time spent charting and increased time spent in patient care; 2) decreased medication errors; 3) improved clinical decision making; 4) improved quality of documentation; and/or 5) improved shift to shift nursing continuity.
Improved Algorithmic Bounds for Discrepancy of Sparse Set Systems

We consider the problem of finding a low discrepancy coloring for sparse set systems where each element lies in at most $t$ sets. We give an algorithm that finds a coloring with discrepancy $O((t \log n \log s)^{1/2})$ where $s$ is the maximum cardinality of a set. This improves upon the previous constructive bound of $O(t^{1/2} \log n)$ based on algorithmic variants of the partial coloring method, and for small $s$ (e.g.$s=\textrm{poly}(t)$) comes close to the non-constructive $O((t \log n)^{1/2})$ bound due to Banaszczyk. Previously, no algorithmic results better than $O(t^{1/2}\log n)$ were known even for $s = O(t^2)$. Our method is quite robust and we give several refinements and extensions. For example, the coloring we obtain satisfies the stronger size-sensitive property that each set $S$ in the set system incurs an $O((t \log n \log |S|)^{1/2})$ discrepancy. Another variant can be used to essentially match Banaszczyk's bound for a wide class of instances even where $s$ is arbitrarily large. Finally, these results also extend directly to the more general Koml\'{o}s setting.
Eddy activity in the South Indian Ocean from ERS-1 altimetry

Sea level anomalies from ERS-1 altimetry data have been used to calculate eddy kinetic energy (EKE) in the South Indian Ocean (10-40° S, 30-120° E). A significant proportion of the sea level variability is caused by the passage of westward propagating Rossby waves, which will be briefly mentioned. The EKE fields are used to investigate the seasonal changes in the eddy distributions. The clearest annual signal is in the Leeuwin Current, which displays markedly higher eddy energy in austral winter than in austral summer. The South Equatorial Current shows high energy at 10-20° S, strongest in winter. To the east of Madagascar, low EKE is seen to the west of the point at which the South Equatorial Current branches: the northern branch passing around the northern tip of Madagascar, while the southern branch becomes the eddy rich East Madagascar Current, which is markedly more variable in winter. Wind fields from the ERS-1 scatterometer enable us to study seasonal changes in the wind stress curl field, which influence the patterns of the EKE.
EVALUATION OF TENSILE STRENGTH OF CEMENT-TREATED SAND BASED ON SEVERAL TYPES OF LABORATORY TESTS

There exist differences in the values of the tensile strength of cement-treated soils among results from direct tension, splitting tension, and bending tests. This paper presents numerical simulations that serve to explain such differences in the tensile strength properties obtained from the three types of tests. Finite element (FE)-analyses were performed to simulate the three tests as boundary value problems. A simple elasto-plastic model that simulates the behavior of cement-treated sands under a general three-dimensional stress state was used for these analyses. The analytical results showed that the direct tension tests yield reliable values of the actual tensile strength that will be mobilized under an ideal condition of uniaxial tension. On the other hand, in the splitting tension and bending tests, the tensile strength values are calculated from an external load by assuming a linear-elastic behavior in estimating the stress distribution. However, these values do not correspond to the actual tensile strength. The splitting tensile tests underestimate the tensile strength because the shear failure occurs below the loading strip and restrains further increase of the applied load. On the other hand, the bending tests overestimate the tensile strength because of the redistribution of stresses induced by the strain-softening behavior on the tensile side.
Optimal Leverage and Strategic Disclosure

Firms seeking external financing jointly choose what securities to issue, and the extent of their disclosure commitments. The literature shows that enhanced disclosure reduces the cost of financing. This paper analyses how disclosure affects the optimal composition of financing means. It considers a market where firms compete for external financing under costly-state-verification, but, in contrast to the standard model: (i) the degree of asymmetric information between firms and outside investors is variable, and (ii) firms can affect it through a disclosure policy, modeled as a verifiable signal with a cost decreasing in its noise component. Two central predictions emerge. On the positive side, optimal disclosure and leverage are negatively correlated. Efficient equity financing requires that firms are sufficiently transparent, whereas debt does not; it solely relies on the threat of bankruptcy and liquidation. Therefore, more transparent firms issue cheaper equity and face a higher opportunity cost of leveraged external financing. The prediction is shown to be consistent with the behavior of US corporations since the 1980s. On the normative side, disclosure externalities and time inconsistencies lead to under-disclosure and excessive leverage relative to the constrained best. If mandatory disclosures are feasible – that is, they cannot be easily dodged – they increase welfare. Otherwise, endogenously higher transparency can be triggered if regulators set capital requirements. Capital regulation proves especially useful when (i) firm performances are highly correlated, and (ii) disclosure requirements can be easily dodged – conditions that seem to apply to large financial firms. The view of capital standards as a means to improve the information environment is novel in the literature; its policy implications and challenges are discussed.
Successful outcomes achieved in assisted reproduction cycles using sperm with high levels of high DNA stainability

Abstract The sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) has been proposed as a useful addition to the battery of tests routinely used to explore semen quality and hence to give an indication of the likelihood of a successful pregnancy. As usually performed at present, the assay yields two main sperm variables, the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and the high DNA stainability (HDS). In the present study 275 patients undergoing 215 in vitro fertilization (IVF) and 215 intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles were studied with the purpose of defining the clinical significance of HDS in IVF and ICSI cycles. Using the Spearman correlation test there were no significant statistical relationships between %HDS and fertilization rate, rate of embryo growth, blastocyst rate, implantation rate, or live birth rate. Rate of pregnancy loss showed a negative relationship significant at the 0.05 level which is unexplained. It is not known whether the normal practice of using processed sperm for fertilization plays any part in this lack of a negative effect of HDS level upon the stages of the cycle. A total of 16 patients with HDS levels >28% had an average live birth rate of 47.8% and an average pregnancy loss of 8.7%, which compared favourably with the group of patients as a whole.
THE GEOCHEMISTRY OF SHALES FROM THE “FRIDO UNIT”, LIGURIDE COMPLEX, LUCANIAN APENNINES, ITALY: IMPLICATIONS FOR PROVENANCE AND TECTONIC SETTING

The geochemistry of shales from a well-exposed section in the “Frido Unit” located in the Lucanian Apennine is discussed to contribute on both provenance affinity and tectonic history of the terranes which accreted in the Liguride wedge in the Western Mediterranean area. The distribution of major and trace elements in these shales is close to the average composition of the Post Archean Australian Shales, (i.e, of upper crustal derived fine-grained sediments). Geochemical proxies of provenance including REE, HFSE and Sc, V and Cr, as inferred by R-mode statistical analysis, are linked to detrital minerals, (i.e., clay phases), supporting the idea they efficiently record source area composition. Other transition elements including Co, Ni, Cu and Zn covariate with S, Pb and Sb suggesting they are principally housed in sulphur minerals. It, in turn, involves these TE and especially Co, an element retained as an important provenance indicator, have to be used with care to assess parental affinity for Frido shales. The weathering in the source area, estimated using the CIA index, was moderate. This is consistent with the values of Th/U index and the content of total REE in the rocks, which are only slightly higher than the average shale. These indices, as well as the Zr/Sc ratio indicate, the role of sediment recycling was minor. The role of sorting on the variations of Eu/Eu*, REE, Th and possibly Sc is negligible. In the La-Th-Sc plot the Frido shales fall close to the average composition of continent-derived material consistent with the values of the Eu/Eu* index. Upper crustal provenance, excluding significant mafic supply, is highlighted also using the Cr/V vs Y/Ni and Fe/Ti vs Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) plots. The La-Th-Sc plot indicates that Frido shales fall in the field of continental arc whereas the deposition of the sediment occurred in a tectonic setting related to an active continental margin and the same result is obtained using the Th-Sc Zr/10 plot. Discrimination diagrams likely describe the paleotectonic setting of the source and not that of the basin in which the sediment was deposited.
Serum Lipoprotein(a) Positively Correlates with Coronary Artery Calcification in Low-Risk Chinese Han Patients: A Study from a Single Center

Background Elevated plasma levels of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and a higher degree of coronary artery calcification (CAC) are both considered to be risk factors for atherosclerosis. However, previous studies have demonstrated that the relationship between Lp(a) levels and the degree of CAC indicates significant heterogeneity that may be due to varying ethnicities. The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive power of Lp(a) for CAC as measured by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in the Han ethnic group of China. Methods A total of 1082 subjects were recruited in this study. The patients were divided into four groups: patients without hypertension or diabetes were group 1, patients with hypertension were group 2, patients with diabetes were group 3 and patients with both hypertension and diabetes were group 4. CAC score (CACs), lipid profiles (Lp(a), LDL, HDL, TG, TC), HbA1C, glucose, personal health history and body morphology were measured in all participants. The predictive power of Lp(a) for calcified atherosclerotic plaque was determined by correlations and ordinal logistic regression. Results There was no significant difference in the CACs between group 2 and group 3 (z = 1.790, p = 0.736), and there were significant differences among the other groups. However, there was no significant difference in the total Lp(a) among the 4 groups (χ2 = 0.649, p = 0.885). Only In group 1, Lp(a) was a statistically significant predictor of the presence of calcified coronary plaque using ordinal logistic regression. Conclusions Levels of Lp(a) positively correlate with CACs among Chinese Han people who are without diabetes and hypertension, suggesting that Lp(a) may be an important risk factor for the presence of calcified atheromas.
Comparison of esophageal capsule endoscopy and esophagogastroduodenoscopy for diagnosis of esophageal varices.

AIM To investigate the utility of esophageal capsule endoscopy in the diagnosis and grading of esophageal varices. METHODS Cirrhotic patients who were undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for variceal screening or surveillance underwent capsule endoscopy. Two separate blinded investigators read each capsule endoscopy for the following results: variceal grade, need for treatment with variceal banding or prophylaxis with beta-blocker therapy, degree of portal hypertensive gastropathy, and gastric varices. RESULTS Fifty patients underwent both capsule and EGD. Forty-eight patients had both procedures on the same day, and 2 patients had capsule endoscopy within 72 h of EGD. The accuracy of capsule endoscopy to decide on the need for prophylaxis was 74%, with sensitivity of 63% and specificity of 82%. Inter-rater agreement was moderate (kappa = 0.56). Agreement between EGD and capsule endoscopy on grade of varices was 0.53 (moderate). Inter-rater reliability was good (kappa = 0.77). In diagnosis of portal hypertensive gastropathy, accuracy was 57%, with sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 17%. Two patients had gastric varices seen on EGD, one of which was seen on capsule endoscopy. There were no complications from capsule endoscopy. CONCLUSION We conclude that capsule endoscopy has a limited role in deciding which patients would benefit from EGD with banding or beta-blocker therapy. More data is needed to assess accuracy for staging esophageal varices, PHG, and the detection of gastric varices.
New data on the evolution of the Tan–Lu fault belt: constraints from geological–geophysical surveys in the southern segment

The Tan–Lu fault is a well-known active fault belt in eastern China that has been the focus of geologic studies over the past 40 years. Since the late 1990s, numerous geophysical and geological investigations of this dislocation zone have been carried out by Chinese oil companies, as well as by universities. However, its deep structure, active periods of slip, and fault mechanism remain obscure. This study focuses on the deep structures within the Jiashan–Lujiang segment of the Tan–Lu fault belt, using high-precision geophysical tools, including magnetotelluric and magnetic sounding, and artificial seismic exploration using active source methods. Our results suggest that this segment is composed of several sub-faults. The southern part of the Tan–Lu fault belt, along the Jiashan–Lujiang sub-fault, can be divided into two parts on the basis of contrasting geological features. The Chihe–Taihu sub-fault is taken as the boundary between the two. The region east of the Chihe–Taihu sub-fault is dominated by strike–slip activity along several sub-faults. Only the Jiashan–Lujiang sub-fault is exposed at the surface, forming a large, positive flower structure, the result of late Middle Jurassic to early Late Jurassic strike–slip movement along the dislocation zone. Three sub-faults are present in Dingyuan County, two of which disappear in the southern Hefei Basin. Only the Chihe–Taihu sub-fault extends to the eastern edge of this basin, creating a half-graben depression that formed during the Early Cretaceous. Our results indicate that the present-day deep structure of the southern portion of the Tan–Lu fault zone is the result of a combination of strike–slip and extensional tectonics.
Reversible Posterior Encephalopathy Syndrome Secondary to Sunitinib

Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) is clinical radiologic condition associated with neurological symptoms and cerebral white matter edema. It has been associated with uncontrolled hypertension, eclampsia, immunosuppressants, and more recently the use of antiangiogenic drugs. Sunitinib is an inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor widely used in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We report a rare case of RPLS occurring on therapy with sunitinib in a patient with RCC. Our aim is to highlight the importance of considering RPLS as a diagnostic possibility and to hold sunitinib for RCC patients presenting with neurologic symptoms.
Association of Body Weight and Female Sexual Dysfunction: A Case Control Study

Background: Obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide with negative effects on women’s health, psychosocial factors and quality of life. Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a major public health problem that is worrying for many women physically, emotionally and socially. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of body weight with FSD and sexual satisfaction, in Ilam, western Iran, in 2010 to 2011. Patients and Methods: This was a case-control study on 120 women aged 18–50 years [64 with FSD (case), 64 without FSD (control)] married, from Ilam-IR, who were interviewed as per the Iranian version of Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were recorded by researchers. The subjects were randomly selected from primary health centers. Results: FSFI score was significantly lower in overweight women (P < 0.05). FSFI strongly correlated with body mass index (BMI) (r = -0.68, P < 0.001) and waist-to-hip ratio (r = -0.29, P < 0.05) in women with FSD. Of sexual function parameters, there was a strong and inverse correlation between BMI and arousal (r = -0.71, P < 0.001), lubrication (r = -0.61, P < 0.001), orgasm (r = -0.52, P < 0.001) and satisfaction (r = -0.54, P < 0.001), while pain (r = -0.12, P > 0.05) and desire (r = -0.17, P > 0.05) did not correlate with BMI. There was an association between BMI and extreme satisfaction (r = -0.28, P < 0.05). Extreme physical pleasure (r = -0.19, P > 0.05) and extreme emotional satisfaction (r = -0.16, P > 0.05) were not correlated with BMI. Conclusions: Overweight and obesity negative affect sexuality in women with sexual dysfunction. A systematic evaluation of sexual function to disclose a cause and effect relationship between obesity and FSD is suggested.
Rare earth geochemistry of Arenig cherts from the Ballantrae Ophiolite and Leadhills Imbricate Zone, southern Scotland: implications for origin and significance to the Caledonian Orogeny

Rare earth element (REE) data from low to mid-Arenig cherts are used to test competing models for the early Ordovician evolution of the Laurentian margin in the northern British Isles. Cherts from the Ballantrae Ophiolite Complex have chondrite-normalized REE patterns typical of continental margin settings with LREE enrichment, a slight negative Euanom and shale and chondrite-normalized La/Yb values of 0.97–1.41 and 7.78–11.4 respectively. This pattern, together with a large positive chondrite-normalized Ceanom (1.44–1.70), is virtually identical to that found in radiolarian chert of the Gascoyne Abyssal Plain, in the Timor Sea. Cherts from the Raven Gill Formation within the Leadhills Imbricate Zone, Northern Belt, Southern Uplands have typical continental margin REE patterns, chondrite-normalized Ceanom (0.9–1.21) and Euanom (0.61–0.79) values indicating that they formed closer to the continental margin than those from Ballantrae. Shale and chondrite-normalized and La/Yb values of 0.95–1.27 and 4.92–13.88 respectively confirm this interpretation. It is concluded that the Ballantrae ophiolite formed in a rifted–arc basin above a northwards dipping, intra-oceanic subduction zone. The modest depth of burial of the Raven Gill Formation precludes it being part of a marginal basin which was subsequently trapped as the Ballantrae Ophiolite was obducted in the late Arenig. The Arenig rocks of the Leadhills Imbricate Zone represent an allochthonous terrane accreted to the western extension of the Midland Valley in Ireland in pre-Caradoc times. Here it formed the basement to the Southern Uplands basin. Palaeontological evidence places this basin adjacent to Pomeroy, Co. Tyrone in the early Caradoc. Sinistral strike-slip faulting, from the late Ashgill transported the Southern Uplands Terrane to its present location, a distance of less than 250 km.
The determination of source mechanisms of small earthquakes and revised models of local crustal structure by moment tensor inversion

SUMMARY We describe a procedure for retrieving the source mechanism of small earthquakes and a revised model of crustal structure in heterogeneous media based on interactive inversion of high frequency seismograms and demonstrate its application to three local earthquakes. The earthquakes are located along the Rukwa rift, south-western Tanzania, and were recorded by a local network in the rift. Due to strong lateral crustal heterogeneity in the area, the procedure involves a single-station interactive inversion for moment tensor solution and modelling of the crustal structure along the propagation path between the source and the station. Based on this source solution and the a priori crustal structure, synthetic seismograms are generated and compared with observed displacement seismograms at other stations where the event has been recorded. Deviations between the calculated and observed seismograms are indicated by time shifts and amplitude mismatches on prominent phases; these are employed to correct the phase arrivals used to invert for the partial multistation source solution. The moment tensor inversion of high frequency seismogram data in this study is based on a point source approach. The process includes generation of synthetic seismograms using the frequency-wavenumber integration technique for an elastic, horizontally-layered, medium. Moment tensor inversion is carried out by minimizing the L2 norm of the difference between synthetic and observed displacement data under a deviatoric condition. Results for the three small earthquakes show good agreement between single station and multistation source solutions. The inversions for these events indicate dominantly dip-slip mechanisms with seismic moment magnitudes in the range 2.0 ≤ Mw ≤ 3.3.
Efficient Link-to-System level Modeling for Accurate Simulations of MIMO-OFDM Systems

This paper focuses on emulation of the linklevel processing for efficient systemlevel simulations of MIMO-OFDM based mobile communication systems. While the downlink of 3GPP's Long Term Evolution (LTE) and the various MIMO transmission modes used therein stand in the focus of our considerations, the proposed techniques can be applied to other MIMO-OFDM based communication systems such as WiMAX. In particular, we compute effective fading gains and interference levels that allow us to very accurately emulate the signal processing at linklevel, i.e. channel en-/decoding, (de-)modulation, layer (de-)mapping, precoding and equalization, with minimal complexity during systemlevel simulations.
Carotid Intimal-Medial Thickness Is Related to Cardiovascular Risk Factors Measured From Childhood Through Middle Age: The Muscatine Study

Background—Higher carotid intimal-medial thickness (IMT) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and is predictive of coronary artery disease and stroke in older adults. Carotid IMT was measured in young and middle-aged adults to determine its relationship with risk factors measured (1) in childhood, (2) currently, and (3) as a “load” from childhood to adulthood. Methods and Results—Carotid ultrasound studies were performed in 346 men and 379 women aged 33 to 42 years who were representative of a cohort followed since childhood and who live in Muscatine, Iowa. The mean of the measurements of maximal carotid IMT at 12 locations was determined for each subject. A medical questionnaire was completed, and measurements of anthropometric characteristics and risk factors were obtained. The mean maximum carotid IMT was 0.79±0.12 mm for men and 0.72±0.10 mm for women. On the basis of multivariable analysis, the significant current predictors of IMT were age and LDL cholesterol in both sexes and diastolic blood pressure in women. Total cholesterol was a significant childhood predictor in both sexes, while childhood body mass index was significant only in women. For men, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and diastolic blood pressure were predictive of carotid IMT in a risk factor load model, whereas in women, LDL cholesterol, body mass index, and triglycerides were predictive. Conclusions—Higher carotid IMT in young and middle-aged adults is associated with childhood and current cardiovascular risk factors, as well as risk factor load.