Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide redistribution of H3K27me3 is linked to genotoxic stress and defective growth

Significance Regulators of chromatin structure play critical roles in DNA-based processes. Lysine (K) Methyltransferase 1 (KMT1) homologs perform methylation of H3 lysine-9 and are best known for their essential role in heterochromatin formation and transcriptional silencing. Heterochromatin formation is also important for maintenance of genome stability, although the mechanisms are not well understood. We report that altered activity of Polycomb repressive complex-2 (PRC2), a histone lysine-27 methyltransferase complex, is responsible for genotoxic stress, poor growth, and defective development in KMT1-deficient mutants of Neurospora crassa. Mammalian KMT1 and PRC2 are required for development and are frequently mutated in cancer. This work provides information about the cellular consequences of KMT1 and PRC2 deficiency and provides insights into the regulatory and functional relationships of these conserved enzymes. H3K9 methylation directs heterochromatin formation by recruiting multiple heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1)-containing complexes that deacetylate histones and methylate cytosine bases in DNA. In Neurospora crassa, a single H3K9 methyltransferase complex, called the DIM-5,-7,-9, CUL4, DDB1 Complex (DCDC), is required for normal growth and development. DCDC-deficient mutants are hypersensitive to the genotoxic agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), but the molecular basis of genotoxic stress is unclear. We found that both the MMS sensitivity and growth phenotypes of DCDC-deficient strains are suppressed by mutation of embryonic ectoderm development or Su-(var)3-9; E(z); Trithorax (set)-7, encoding components of the H3K27 methyltransferase Polycomb repressive complex-2 (PRC2). Trimethylated histone H3K27 (H3K27me3) undergoes genome-wide redistribution to constitutive heterochromatin in DCDC- or HP1-deficient mutants, and introduction of an H3K27 missense mutation is sufficient to rescue phenotypes of DCDC-deficient strains. Accumulation of H3K27me3 in heterochromatin does not compensate for silencing; rather, strains deficient for both DCDC and PRC2 exhibit synthetic sensitivity to the topoisomerase I inhibitor Camptothecin and accumulate γH2A at heterochromatin. Together, these data suggest that PRC2 modulates the response to genotoxic stress.
Transition to Persistent Orofacial Pain after Nerve Injury Involves Supraspinal Serotonin Mechanisms

The orofacial region is a major focus of chronic neuropathic pain conditions characterized by primary hyperalgesia at the site of injury and secondary hyperalgesia outside the injured zone. We have used a rat model of injury to the maxillary branch (V2) of the trigeminal nerve to produce constant and long-lasting primary hyperalgesia in the V2 territory and secondary hyperalgesia in territories innervated by the mandibular branch (V3). Our findings indicate that the induction of primary and secondary hyperalgesia depended on peripheral input from the injured nerve. In contrast, the maintenance of secondary hyperalgesia depended on central mechanisms. The centralization of the secondary hyperalgesia involved descending 5-HT drive from the rostral ventromedial medulla and the contribution of 5-HT3 receptors in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Vc), the homolog of the spinal dorsal horn. Electrophysiological studies further indicate that after nerve injury spontaneous responses and enhanced poststimulus discharges in Vc nociresponsive neurons were time-dependent on descending 5-HT drive and peripheral input. The induction phase of secondary hyperalgesia involved central sensitization mechanisms in Vc neurons that were dependent on peripheral input, whereas the maintenance phase of secondary hyperalgesia involved central sensitization in Vc neurons conducted by a delayed descending 5-HT drive and a persistence of peripheral inputs. Our results are the first to show that the maintenance of secondary hyperalgesia and underlying central sensitization associated with persistent pain depend on a transition to supraspinal mechanisms involving the serotonin system in rostral ventromedial medulla-dorsal horn circuits.
Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples.

Three studies were conducted to examine the correlates of adult attachment. In Study 1, an 18-item scale to measure adult attachment style dimensions was developed based on Kazan and Shaver's (1987) categorical measure. Factor analyses revealed three dimensions underlying this measure: the extent to which an individual is comfortable with closeness, feels he or she can depend on others, and is anxious or fearful about such things as being abandoned or unloved. Study 2 explored the relation between these attachment dimensions and working models of self and others. Attachment dimensions were found to be related to self-esteem, expressiveness, instrumentality, trust in others, beliefs about human nature, and styles of loving. Study 3 explored the role of attachment style dimensions in three aspects of ongoing dating relationships: partner matching on attachment dimensions; similarity between the attachment of one's partner and caregiving style of one's parents; and relationship quality, including communication, trust, and satisfaction. Evidence was obtained for partner matching and for similarity between one's partner and one's parents, particularly for one's opposite-sex parent. Dimensions of attachment style were strongly related to how each partner perceived the relationship, although the dimension of attachment that best predicted quality differed for men and women. For women, the extent to which their partner was comfortable with closeness was the best predictor of relationship quality, whereas the best predictor for men was the extent to which their partner was anxious about being abandoned or unloved. It is generally believed that the nature and quality of one's close relationships in adulthood are strongly influenced by affective events that took place during childhood, particularly within the child-caretaker relationship. Yet, only recently have social psychologists begun to integrate work on adult love relationships with developmental theory and research on the nature and functioning of parent-child relations (Hartup & Rubin, 1986; Kazan & Shaver, 1987;Hinde, 1979;HindeS Shaver & Hazan, 1988; Shaver, Hazan, & Bradshaw, 1988; Shaver R Weiss, 1982,1986). Of particular interest has been the extent to which a child's early attachment relationships with caretakers shape important beliefs about the self and social world, which then guide relationships in adulthood. Recently, Hazan and Shaver (1987) have used infant attachment theory (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978; Bowlby, 1982,1973,1980) as a framework for examining how adult love relationships are related to early parent-child interactions. The
Bin Packing in Multiple Dimensions: Inapproximability Results and Approximation Schemes

We study the following packing problem: Given a collection of d-dimensional rectangles of specified sizes, pack them into the minimum number of unit cubes. We show that unlike the one-dimensional case, the two-dimensional packing problem cannot have an asymptotic polynomial time approximation scheme (APTAS), unless PNP. On the positive side, we give an APTAS for the special case of packing d-dimensional cubes into the minimum number of unit cubes. Second, we give a polynomial time algorithm for packing arbitrary two-dimensional rectangles into at most OPT square bins with sides of length 1 , where OPT denotes the minimum number of unit bins required to pack these rectangles. Interestingly, this result has no additive constant term, i.e., is not an asymptotic result. As a corollary, we obtain the first approximation scheme for the problem of placing a collection of rectangles in a minimum-area encasing rectangle.
The temperature dependence of single domain particle properties

Abstract The difference between the maximum and minimum energies of a uniaxial single domain particle under an applied field is calculated for a range of orientations of easy axis to field from 0°–90° of arc. From this table the critical fields for discontinuous magnetization rotation over a range of temperatures can be deduced. The remanence coercivity of a randomly oriented array of such particles is plotted from the data.
Choice stepping reaction time: a composite measure of falls risk in older people.

BACKGROUND This study investigated the neuropsychological, sensorimotor, speed, and balance contributions to a new test of choice stepping reaction time (CSRT) and determined whether this new test is an important predictor of falls in older people. METHODS A total of 477 retirement-village residents aged 62 to 95 years (mean +/- SD, 79.2 +/- 6.2 years) took the CSRT test, which required them to step onto one of four panels that were illuminated in a random order. The subjects also took tests that measured neuropsychological, sensorimotor, speed, and balance function. RESULTS Multiple regression analysis revealed that poor performance in Part B of the Trail Making Test (a neuropsychological test) and impaired quadriceps strength, simple reaction time, sway with eyes open on a compliant surface, and maximal balance range were the best predictors of increased CSRTs (multiple r(2) =. 45). Subjects with a history of falls had significantly increased CSRTs compared with nonfallers (1322 +/- 331 milliseconds and 1168 +/- 203 milliseconds, respectively). Impaired CSRT was a significant and independent predictor of falls, as were two complementary sensory measures (visual contrast sensitivity and lower limb proprioception). Of these measures, CSRT was the most important in predicting falls. Furthermore, the inclusion of CSRT in the model excluded measures of strength, central processing speed, and balance, because these could not provide nonredundant information for the prediction of falls. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies a new test that provides a composite measure of falls risk in older people and elucidates the relative importance of specific physiological and neuropsychological systems in the initiation of fast and appropriate step responses.
Thermoplastic matrix composite processing model

The effects the processing parameters pressure, temperature, and time have on the quality of continuous graphite fiber reinforced thermoplastic matrix composites were quantitatively accessed by defining the extent to which intimate contact and bond formation has occurred at successive ply interfaces. Two models are presented predicting the extents to which the ply interfaces have achieved intimate contact and cohesive strength. The models are based on experimental observation of compression molded laminates and neat resin conditions, respectively. Identified as the mechanism explaining the phenomenon by which the plies bond to themselves is the theory of autohesion (or self diffusion). Theoretical predictions from the Reptation Theory between autohesive strength and contact time are used to explain the effects of the processing parameters on the observed experimental strengths. The application of a time-temperature relationship for autohesive strength predictions is evaluated. A viscoelastic compression molding model of a tow was developed to explain the phenomenon by which the prepreg ply interfaces develop intimate contact.
Consequences of a Change in the Galactic Environment of the Sun

The interaction of the heliosphere with interstellar clouds has attracted interest since the late 1920s, with a view to explaining apparent both quasi-periodic climate "catastrophes" as well as periodic mass extinctions. Until recently, however, models describing the solar wind-local interstellar medium (LISM) interaction self-consistently had not been developed. Here we describe the results of a two-dimensional simulation of the interaction between the heliosphere and an interstellar cloud with the same properties as currently, except that the H0 density is increased from the present value of n(H0)~0.2 cm-3 to 10 cm-3. The mutual interaction of interstellar neutral hydrogen and plasma is included. The heliospheric cavity is reduced considerably in size (approximately 10-14 AU to the termination shock in the upstream direction) and is highly dynamical. The interplanetary environment at the orbit of the Earth changes markedly, with the density of interstellar H0 increasing to ~2 cm-3. The termination shock itself experiences periods where it disappears, reforms, and disappears again. Considerable mixing of the shocked solar wind and LISM occurs because of Rayleigh-Taylor-like instabilities at the nose, driven by ion-neutral friction. Implications of two anomalously high concentrations of 10Be found in Antarctic ice cores, corresponding to 33,000 and 60,000 yr ago, and the absence of prior similar events are discussed in terms of density enhancements in the surrounding interstellar cloud. The calculation presented here supports past speculation that the Galactic environment of the Sun moderates the interplanetary environment at the orbit of the Earth and possibly also the terrestrial climate.
Noise characteristics of a non-degenerate Optical Parametric Oscillator - Application to quantum noise reduction

A semi-classical analysis of the noise characteristics of a non degenerate, above threshold, optical parametric oscillator is presented, yielding expressions for the quantum fluctuations of the output field intensities and phases. Particular emphasis is given to the study of the noise on the intensity difference between the two generated fields. The effect of losses, unbalance, detunings and excess pump noise is investigated. A significant quantum noise reduction is found over a broad domain of the parameter space.
Factors Modifying Cyclopropane‐Epinephrine Cardiac Arrhythmias

Constantly coupled bigeminal rhythm of long duration induced by infusion of epinephrine into cyclopropane-anesthetized dogs may be converted to multifocal ventricular tachycardia by increasing the blood pressure without changing the infusion rate. Multifoeal arrhythmia may be converted to bigerniny or to sinus rhythm by decreasing the blood pressure but is not converted to ventricular fibrillation by an increase in systemic pressure. Stimulation of the peripheral end of either vagus can convert bigerniny to normal rhythm or increase the coupling interval. Multifocal ventricular tachycardia is converted to sinus rhythm or to bigeminy by stimulation of the vagus. The vagal effect, which is blocked uniformly by atropine, also may be demonstrated when the atrial rate is maintained constant. Vagal stimulation does not increase the threshold dose of epinephrine necessary for induction of ventricular fibrillation. It is concluded that multifocal ventricular tachycardia is due to a mechanism similar to that causing bigeminy, which was shown previously not to be due to the emergence of a focus of increased ventricular automaticity. Both of these arrhythmias probably originate in the bundle of His and differ fundamentally from ventricular fibrillation.
Distribution of language‐related Cntnap2 protein in neural circuits critical for vocal learning

Variants of the contactin associated protein‐like 2 (Cntnap2) gene are risk factors for language‐related disorders including autism spectrum disorder, specific language impairment, and stuttering. Songbirds are useful models for study of human speech disorders due to their shared capacity for vocal learning, which relies on similar cortico‐basal ganglia circuitry and genetic factors. Here we investigate Cntnap2 protein expression in the brain of the zebra finch, a songbird species in which males, but not females, learn their courtship songs. We hypothesize that Cntnap2 has overlapping functions in vocal learning species, and expect to find protein expression in song‐related areas of the zebra finch brain. We further expect that the distribution of this membrane‐bound protein may not completely mirror its mRNA distribution due to the distinct subcellular localization of the two molecular species. We find that Cntnap2 protein is enriched in several song control regions relative to surrounding tissues, particularly within the adult male, but not female, robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA), a cortical song control region analogous to human layer 5 primary motor cortex. The onset of this sexually dimorphic expression coincides with the onset of sensorimotor learning in developing males. Enrichment in male RA appears due to expression in projection neurons within the nucleus, as well as to additional expression in nerve terminals of cortical projections to RA from the lateral magnocellular nucleus of the nidopallium. Cntnap2 protein expression in zebra finch brain supports the hypothesis that this molecule affects neural connectivity critical for vocal learning across taxonomic classes. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:169–185, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Formulas for various domination numbers of products of paths and cycles

The existence of a constant time algorithm for solving different domination problems on the subclass of polygraphs, rotagraphs and fasciagraphs, is shown by means of path algebras. As these graphs include products (the Cartesian, strong, direct, lexicographic) of paths and cycles, we implement the algorithm to get formulas in the case of the domination numbers, the Roman domination numbers and the independent domination numbers of products of paths and cycles where the size of one factor is fixed, i.e. independently of the size of the second factor. We also show that the values of the investigated graph invariants on the fasciagraphs and the rotagraphs with the same monograph can only differ for a constant value. AMS subject classifications: 05C25, 05C69, 05C85, 68R10
DYNAMICS OF POLYPLOID FORMATION IN TRAGOPOGON (ASTERACEAE): RECURRENT FORMATION, GENE FLOW, AND POPULATION STRUCTURE

Polyploidy is a major feature of angiosperm evolution and diversification. Most polyploid species have formed multiple times, yet we know little about the genetic consequences of recurrent formations. Among the clearest examples of recurrent polyploidy are Tragopogon mirus and T. miscellus (Asteraceae), each of which has formed repeatedly in the last ∼80 years from known diploid progenitors in western North America. Here, we apply progenitor‐specific microsatellite markers to examine the genetic contributions to each tetraploid species and to assess gene flow among populations of independent formation. These data provide fine‐scale resolution of independent origins for both polyploid species. Importantly, multiple origins have resulted in considerable genetic variation within both polyploid species; however, the patterns of variation detected in the polyploids contrast with those observed in extant populations of the diploid progenitors. The genotypes detected in the two polyploid species appear to represent a snapshot of historical population structure in the diploid progenitors, rather than modern diploid genotypes. Our data also indicate a lack of gene flow among polyploid plants of independent origin, even when they co‐occur, suggesting potential reproductive barriers among separate lineages in both polyploid species.
Pharmacogenetics of Clopidogrel: An Unresolved Issue

A 58-year-old male was presented with an ST-elevation inferior myocardial infarction. Emergency medical services administered 325 mg of aspirin and sublingual nitroglycerin en route to the emergency room. In the emergency room, the patient received 600 mg of clopidogrel and a heparin bolus. Coronary angiography revealed complete occlusion of the distal right coronary artery with thrombus. Intravenous eptifibatide was given at the start of the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Intravascular ultrasound demonstrated significant soft atheroma and ruptured plaque in the distal right coronary artery at the crux. A drug-eluting stent was deployed with an excellent angiographic result. Postintervention, the patient’s chest pain and ECG demonstrated complete resolution of the previous ischemic changes. Approximately 11 hours after being treated in the emergency room, the patient developed recurrent chest pain. He was restarted on eptifibatide and heparin, and repeat coronary angiography demonstrated total occlusion at the origin of the right coronary artery stent (Figure 1). Figure 1. Coronary angiogram demonstrating an occluded mid right coronary artery because of stent thrombosis. Thrombectomy was performed, removing huge amounts of atherothrombotic material (Figure 2). Intravascular ultrasound did not demonstrate stent edge dissection or stent malapposition. Figure 2. Coronary thrombus material extracted from the right coronary artery after thrombectomy. A drug-eluting stent with 1-mm overlap with the distal edge of the previous stent was deployed. The patient was felt to have failed clopidogrel therapy and was transitioned to prasugrel therapy. The patient was screened for genetic variants in CYP2C19 , the gene encoding the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2C19 that metabolizes clopidogrel. A Luminex assay using a polymerase chain reaction was used to test for the presence or absence of CYP2C19 * 17 , * 4 , * 8 , * 6 , * 9 , * 3 , * 10 , * 2 , * 7 , and * …
Neural circuits subserving the retrieval of stems and grammatical features in regular and irregular verbs

Many languages, including English and Spanish, feature regular (dance → danced) and irregular (catch → caught) inflectional systems. According to psycholinguistic theories, regular and irregular inflections are instantiated either by a single or by two specialized mechanisms. Those theories differ in their assumptions concerning the underlying information necessary for the processing of regular verbs. Whereas single mechanism accounts have stated an increased involvement of phonological processing for regular verbs, dual accounts emphasize the prominence of grammatical information. Using event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we sought to delineate the brain areas involved in the generation of complex verb forms in Spanish. This language has the advantage of isolating specific differences in the regular–irregular contrasts in terms of the number of stems associated with a verb while controlling for compositionality (regular and irregular verbs apply suffixes to be inflected). The present study showed that areas related to grammatical processing are active for both types of verbs (left opercular inferior frontal gyrus). In addition, major differences between regular and irregular verbs were also observed. Several areas of the prefrontal cortex were selectively active for irregular production, presumably reflecting their role in lexical retrieval (bilateral inferior frontal area and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). Regular verbs, however, showed increased activation in areas related to grammatical processing (anterior superior temporal gyrus/insular cortex) and in the left hippocampus, the latter possibly related to a greater implication of the phonological loop necessary for the reutilization of the same stem shared across all forms in regular verbs. Hum Brain Mapp, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.