Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
3D microstructure and crack pathways of toughened CaO–Al
 2
 O
 3
 –SiO
 2
 glass by precipitation of hexagonal CaAl
 2
 Si
 2
 O
 8
 crystal

Toughening oxide glasses has received a great deal of attention because the brittleness of these glasses causes catastrophic failure and consequently becomes a critical issue in their practical applications. The fracture toughness of typical oxide glasses is in the range of 0.6‐1.0 MPa·m1/2,1,2 which is substantially less than those of typical sintered ceramic materials; for example, about 3 MPa·m1/2 in the case of alumina.3 The low fracture toughness of oxide glasses is attributed to the lack of secondary phases and grain boundaries, which can prevent crack propagation. Once damage is generated on the surface, the glass is significantly weakened,4 thus leading to actual industrial problems.5 To avoid such problems, two kinds of tempered glasses, wherein compressive stress is built into the surfaces via rapid cooling6 or the ion exchange technique,6,7 are available for commercial applications, such as automotive and architectural windows, heat‐resistant tableware, cover glasses of handheld electric devices, and so on. However, employing tempered glasses is difficult under high‐temperature conditions because the built‐in compressive stress relaxes once the glasses are heated to near their glass‐transition temperatures. In addition, a flaw penetrating into a tensile stress layer in the center of tempered glass products induces catastrophic fracture. Therefore, in order to further expand applications of oxide glass, other toughening methods to reduce the brittleness of oxide glasses must be developed. A variety of methods to toughen ceramics have already been developed, and various toughening mechanisms have been proposed as well. The discovery of toughened zirconia in the 1970s8 was regarded as one of the most important Received: 1 December 2018 | Revised: 11 February 2019 | Accepted: 11 February 2019 DOI: 10.1111/jace.16393
ICT, skills, and organizational change: evidence from Italian manufacturing firms

This article examines the complementarity among information and communication technologies (ICT), skills, and organizational change from a panel of 680 Italian manufacturing firms during 1995-2003. By drawing on different statistical methods, we found evidence of complementarity between skills and organizational change, but did not find evidence of complementarity between ICT and skills. Moreover, our results show that the hypothesis of full complementarity among ICT, human capital, and organizational change does not apply to small and medium firms. Instead, we discovered that organizational change yields negative effects on the complementarity between ICT and human capital. Copyright 2008 , Oxford University Press.
Dynamics and modulation studies of human voltage gated Kv1.5 channel

The voltage gated Kv1.5 channels conduct the ultrarapid delayed rectifier current (IKur) and play critical role in repolarization of action potential duration. It is the most rapidly activated channel and has very little or no inactivated states. In human cardiac cells, these channels are expressed more extensively in atrial myocytes than ventricle. From the evidences of its localization and functions, Kv1.5 has been declared a selective drug target for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). In this present study, we have tried to identify the rapidly activating property of Kv1.5 and studied its mode of inhibition using molecular modeling, docking, and simulation techniques. Channel in open conformation is found to be stabilized quickly within the dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine membrane, whereas most of the secondary structure elements were lost in closed state conformation. The obvious reason behind its ultra-rapid property is possibly due to the amino acid alteration in S4–S5 linker; the replacement of Lysine by Glutamine and vice versa. The popular published drugs as well as newly identified lead molecules were able to inhibit the Kv1.5 in a very similar pattern, mainly through the nonpolar interactions, and formed sable complexes. V512 is found as the main contributor for the interaction along with the other important residues such as V505, I508, A509, V512, P513, and V516. Furthermore, two screened novel compounds show surprisingly better inhibitory potency and can be considered for the future perspective of antiarrhythmic survey.
Toxicology surveillance system of the Spanish Society of Paediatric Emergencies: first-year analysis

We aim to describe the characteristics and the management of the paediatric poisonings registered in the Toxicology Surveillance System created by the Intoxications Working Group of the Spanish Society of Paediatric Emergencies. We reviewed 130 episodes registered during 1 year. The main involved substances were drugs (73, 56.2%), household products (24,18.5%) and ethanol (16, 12.3%). Most common mechanisms were accidental poisonings at home in children of less than 5 years (91, 70%; principally, paracetamol or anticatharrals) and patients of 12–18 years (24.6%), with recreational alcohol consumption or suicide attempt. Approximately 10% received prehospital treatment and 56.9% received treatment in the paediatric emergency department (PED), which mainly activated charcoal. Approximately 50% were managed as outpatients, and all did well. Although intoxications are infrequent in PED and the short-term prognosis is good, the consumption of healthcare resources is high.
Targeting autophagy and mitophagy for mitochondrial diseases treatment

Introduction: Mitochondrial diseases are a group of rare genetic diseases with complex and heterogeneous origins which manifest a great variety of phenotypes. Disruption of the oxidative phosphorylation system is the main cause of pathogenicity in mitochondrial diseases since it causes accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ATP depletion. Areas covered: Current evidences support the main protective role of autophagy and mitophagy in mitochondrial diseases and other diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Expert Opinion: The use of autophagy and/or mitophagy inducers may allow a novel strategy for improving mitochondrial function for both mitochondrial diseases and other diseases with altered mitochondrial metabolism. However, a deeper investigation of the molecular mechanisms behind mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis is needed in order to safely modulate these processes. In the coming years, we will also see an increase in awareness of mitochondrial dynamics modulation that will allow the therapeutic use of new drugs for improving mitochondrial function in a great variety of mitochondrial disorders.
Self-poisoning with digitalis glycosides.

asystole with profound slowing due to depression of the nodal pacemaker. Neither ventricular ectopic beats nor paroxysmal atrial tachycardia with block was seen, but may have been prevented by the high serum potassium; Lown and Levine (1954) observed that ectopic beats were rare in digitalis poisoning in patients without heart disease. Hyperkalaemia was probably due to anuria, metabolic acidosis, and the efflux of potassium from the myocardium which occurs with toxic doses of digitalis. The treatment of digitalis intoxication is based on the withdrawal of digitalis, correction of potassium depletion, and specific measures directed against the arrhythmia (Lown and Levine, 1954; Sodeman, 1965). Sampson et al. (1943) abolished digitalis-induced ventricular ectopic beats with potassium salts given by mouth. Procainamide and betaadrenergic blocking agents (Stock and Dale, 1963; Taylor et al., 1964) have been successfully used for digitalis-induced paroxysmal atrial tachycardia with block and ventricular ectopic beats. Calcium ions potentiate digitalis action, and the chelation of calcium with disodium versenate has been recommended by Gubner and Kallman (1957) and Bernstein et al. (1959) in cases of digitalis overdosage. In our case the blood pressure was well maintained, suggesting that myocardial contractility was not depressed, and that the low cardiac output was due mainly to bradycardia. Atropine was tried as it seemed likely that the extreme bradycardia was due to excessive vagal depression of the nodal pacemaker. It is well known that slowing of the ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation by digitalis is partly mediated by the vagus, though with larger doses the extravagal effect on atrioventricular conduction is more important, so that atropine is relatively ineffective in increasing the ventricular rate (Gold, 1946). In our case, though the dose was massive, the response to atropine was dramatic, but repeated injections were required to maintain a satisfactory heart rate. The nodal rhythm was replaced by a sinus mechanism or wandering pacemaker, and at this stage atropine increased the rate of discharge of both the sinuatrial and the atrioventricular node,. with periods of atrioventricular dissociation. Digitalis is excreted mainly by the kidney (Friedman et al., 1954), small quantities being destroyed in the body or excreted in the bile. Prompt restoration of urine flow was thus very important in clearing digoxin from the body. Impaired liver function in patients with heart disease may be due to hypotension or cardiac failure (Killip and Payne, 1960; Richman et al., 1961) but may be caused by digitalis itself. Le Winn (1953) found impaired sulphobromophthalein excretion in patients with gynaecomastia, which was attributed to an oestrogenic effect of long-continued digitalis administration in patients with liver damage. In our patient raised transaminases and increased sulphobromophthalein retention probably resulted from reduced hepatic blood flow, but direct injury by digoxin cannot be ruled out.
Usability Issues in Web Site Design

Unless a web site meets the needs of the intended users it will not meet the needs of the organisation providing the web site. Web site development should be user-centred, evaluating the evolving design against user requirements. The first step is to define the business objectives, the intended context of use and key scenarios of use. This helps prioritise design and provides a focus for evaluation. The design should take account of established guidelines for web writing style, navigation and page design. The site structure and page design should be evaluated by representative end users. Management and maintenance is important to maintain usability.
The influence of superhydrophobic surfaces on near-wall turbulence

Superhydrophobic surfaces are able to entrap gas pockets in-between surface roughness elements when submerged in water. These entrapped gas pockets give these surfaces the potential to reduce drag due to the overlying flow being able to locally slip over the gas pockets, resulting in a mean slip at the surface. This thesis investigates the different effects that slip and the texturing of the surface have on turbulence over superhydrophobic surfaces. It is shown that, after filtering out the texture-induced flow, the background, overlying turbulence experiences the surface as a homogeneous slip boundary condition. For texture sizes, expressed in wall units, up to L+ . 20 the only effect of the surface texture on the overlying flow is through this surface slip. The direct effect of slip does not modify the dynamics of the overlying turbulence, which remains canonical and smooth-wall-like. In these cases the flow is governed by the difference between two virtual origins, the virtual origin of the mean flow and the virtual origin experienced by the overlying turbulence. Streamwise slip deepens the virtual origin of the mean flow, while spanwise slip acts to deepen the virtual origin perceived by the overlying turbulence. The drag reduction is then proportional to the difference between the two virtual origins, reminiscent of drag reduction using riblets. The validity of slip-length models to represent textured superhydrophobic surfaces can resultantly be extended up to L+ . 20. However, for L+ & 25 a non-linear interaction with the texture-coherent flow alters the dynamics of the background turbulence, with a reduction in coherence of large streamwise lengthscales. This non-linear interaction causes an increase in Reynolds stress up to y+ . 25, and decreases the obtained drag reduction compared to that predicted from homogeneous slip-length models.
Casein Kinase 2 (CK2)-mediated Phosphorylation of Hsp90β as a Novel Mechanism of Rifampin-induced MDR1 Expression*

Background: Rifampin is a representative inducer of P-gp, and the only known mechanism is binding between rifampin and PXR. Results: Rifampin directly activates CK2, which phosphorylates Hsp90β. Consequently, PXR increases, and P-gp expression is induced. Conclusion: A mechanism for inducing P-gp expression by rifampin exposure is newly identified. Significance: A strategy for overcoming P-gp-derived drug resistance is suggested. The P-glycoprotein (P-gp) encoded by the MDR1 gene is a drug-exporting transporter located in the cellular membrane. P-gp induction is regarded as one of the main mechanisms underlying drug-induced resistance. Although there is great interest in the regulation of P-gp expression, little is known about its underlying regulatory mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrate that casein kinase 2 (CK2)-mediated phosphorylation of heat shock protein 90β (Hsp90β) and subsequent stabilization of PXR is a key mechanism in the regulation of MDR1 expression. Furthermore, we show that CK2 is directly activated by rifampin. Upon exposure to rifampin, CK2 catalyzes the phosphorylation of Hsp90β at the Ser-225/254 residues. Phosphorylated Hsp90β then interacts with PXR, causing a subsequent increase in its stability, leading to the induction of P-gp expression. In addition, inhibition of CK2 and Hsp90β enhances the down-regulation of PXR and P-gp expression. The results of this study may facilitate the development of new strategies to prevent multidrug resistance and provide a plausible mechanism for acquired drug resistance by CK2-mediated regulation of P-gp expression.
A Second Mechanism for Aluminum Resistance in Wheat Relies on the Constitutive Efflux of Citrate from Roots1[W][OA]

The first confirmed mechanism for aluminum (Al) resistance in plants is encoded by the wheat (Triticum aestivum) gene, TaALMT1, on chromosome 4DL. TaALMT1 controls the Al-activated efflux of malate from roots, and this mechanism is widespread among Al-resistant genotypes of diverse genetic origins. This study describes a second mechanism for Al resistance in wheat that relies on citrate efflux. Citrate efflux occurred constitutively from the roots of Brazilian cultivars Carazinho, Maringa, Toropi, and Trintecinco. Examination of two populations segregating for this trait showed that citrate efflux was controlled by a single locus. Whole-genome linkage mapping using an F2 population derived from a cross between Carazinho (citrate efflux) and the cultivar EGA-Burke (no citrate efflux) identified a major locus on chromosome 4BL, Xcec, which accounts for more than 50% of the phenotypic variation in citrate efflux. Mendelizing the quantitative variation in citrate efflux into qualitative data, the Xcec locus was mapped within 6.3 cM of the microsatellite marker Xgwm495 locus. This linkage was validated in a second population of F2:3 families derived from a cross between Carazinho and the cultivar Egret (no citrate efflux). We show that expression of an expressed sequence tag, belonging to the multidrug and toxin efflux (MATE) gene family, correlates with the citrate efflux phenotype. This study provides genetic and physiological evidence that citrate efflux is a second mechanism for Al resistance in wheat.
Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex: A role in reward-based decision making

Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is a brain region that subserves cognition and motor control, but the mechanisms of these functions remain unknown. Human neuroimaging and monkey electrophysiology studies have provided valuable insights, but it has been difficult to link the two literatures. Based on monkey single-unit recordings, we hypothesized that human dACC is comprised of a mixture of functionally distinct cells that variously anticipate and detect targets, indicate novelty, influence motor responses, encode reward values, and signal errors. As an initial test of this conceptualization, the current event-related functional MRI study used a reward-based decision-making task to isolate responses from a subpopulation of dACC cells sensitive to reward reduction. As predicted, seven of eight subjects showed significant (P < 10−4) dACC activation when contrasting reduced reward (REDrew) trials to fixation (FIX). Confirmatory group analyses then corroborated the predicted ordinal relationships of functional MRI activation expected during each trial type (REDrew > SWITCH > CONrew ≥ FIX). The data support a role for dACC in reward-based decision making, and by linking the human and monkey literatures, provide initial support for the existence of heterogeneity within dACC. These findings should be of interest to those studying reward, cognition, emotion, motivation, and motor control. ∥
LMTK2-mediated Phosphorylation Regulates CFTR Endocytosis in Human Airway Epithelial Cells*

Background: The CFTR-Ser737 site has a phospho-dependent inhibitory effect on Cl− secretion. Results: LMTK2 phosphorylation of CFTR-Ser737 facilitates endocytosis, reduces cell surface density of CFTR, and inhibits Cl− secretion. Conclusion: Targeting LMTK2 regulates the cell surface density of CFTR Cl− channels. Significance: Targeting LMTK2 in CF patients may stabilize ΔF508-CFTR pharmacologically rescued to the cell surface. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a Cl−-selective ion channel expressed in fluid-transporting epithelia. Lemur tyrosine kinase 2 (LMTK2) is a transmembrane protein with serine and threonine but not tyrosine kinase activity. Previous work identified CFTR as an in vitro substrate of LMTK2, suggesting a functional link. Here we demonstrate that LMTK2 co-immunoprecipitates with CFTR and phosphorylates CFTR-Ser737 in human airway epithelial cells. LMTK2 knockdown or expression of inactive LMTK2 kinase domain increases cell surface density of CFTR by attenuating its endocytosis in human airway epithelial cells. Moreover, LMTK2 knockdown increases Cl− secretion mediated by the wild-type and rescued ΔF508-CFTR. Compared with the wild-type CFTR, the phosphorylation-deficient mutant CFTR-S737A shows increased cell surface density and decreased endocytosis. These results demonstrate a novel mechanism of the phospho-dependent inhibitory effect of CFTR-Ser737 mediated by LMTK2 via endocytosis and inhibition of the cell surface density of CFTR Cl− channels. These data indicate that targeting LMTK2 may increase the cell surface density of CFTR Cl− channels and improve stability of pharmacologically rescued ΔF508-CFTR in patients with cystic fibrosis.
Tracking faces

Robust tracking and segmentation of faces is a prerequisite for face analysis and recognition. In this paper we describe an approach to this problem which is well suited to surveillance applications with poorly constrained viewing conditions. It integrates motion-based tracking with model based face detection to produce segmented face sequences from complex scenes containing several people. The motion of moving image contours was estimated using temporal convolution and a temporally consistent list of moving objects was maintained. Objects were tracked using Kalman filters. Faces were detected using a neural network. The essence of the system is that the motion tracker is able to focus attention for a face detection network whilst the latter is used to aid the tracking process.
New Philippine species of Spilosmylus Kolbe (Neuroptera, Osmylidae)

Abstract New species of lance lacewings, Spilosmylus spilopteryx sp. n. and Spilosmylus tephrodestigma sp. n. , are described from the Philippines and compared with congeners. Both species are characterised by a distinctive wing pattern, which in the case of Spilosmylus spilopteryx sp. n. is relatively spectacular among lacewings. An identification key to the species of Spilosmylus Kolbe known from the Philippines is also provided.
An innovative quaternary ammonium methacrylate polymer can provide improved antimicrobial properties for a dental adhesive system

A quaternary ammonium methacrylate polymer (QAMP) with antimicrobial potential was synthesized. The resulting product (QAMP) was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, visible spectrophotometry, XRPD and TGA. The in vitro susceptibility tests against Streptococcus mutans of QAMP were investigated prior and after incorporation into a commercial adhesive system (Clearfil™ SE Bond). The release of quaternary ammonium compounds from the experimental adhesive system (Clearfil™ SE Bond + 5% QAMP) was performed during 1, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days. Spectroscopic data confirmed that QAMP was successfully obtained. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that QAMP was heat stable. Prior incorporation into the adhesive system, QAMP revealed an inhibition halo of 18.33 ± 0.6 mm. By agar disk diffusion test, Clearfil™ SE Bond containing 5% QAMP presented an inhibition halo (16.67 ± 1.5 mm) similar to Clearfil™ Protect Bond (positive control, 17.00 ± 1.7, p = 0.815) and significantly higher than Clearfil™ SE Bond (negative control, 11.00 ± 1.0, p = 0.006). The minimum inhibitory/bactericidal concentrations for Clearfil™ SE Bond containing 5% QAMP were 20 μL mL−1. The release of quaternary ammonium compounds from the experimental adhesive containing QAMP was very low (5.1%) when compared to Clearfil™ Protect Bond that released 47.2% of its quaternary ammonium monomer (MDPB) after 30 days. The QAMP can offer enhanced antimicrobial properties for self-etching adhesive systems.
Dynamic action in virtual environments: Constraints on the accessibility of action knowledge in children and adults

In a series of three experiments, we probed the accessibility of action knowledge in different versions of a virtual environment (VE) with 7-year-old children and adults. Using a PHANToMTM haptic interface, participants performed a virtual throwing task in which they tried to propel a ball from a table to hit a target on the ground. In Experiments 1 and 2, the virtual scene was presented on a computer monitor, and, in Experiment 3, it was projected by using a video projector so that the vertical and horizontal dimensions and the spatial location of the VE corresponded to the real-world dimensions. Results indicate that action knowledge is accessible even in a nonimmersive VE, but also suggest that the need to recalibrate perceptual-motor mappings constrains the accessibility of this kind of intuitive knowledge.