Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Boundaries: The Bloomberg Drill for Education Innovation

The demand for an accounting and finance curricular paradigm shift has encouraged researchers, both practitioner-oriented and academic, to evaluate traditional teaching methods and design innovative pedagogies to produce accounting and finance college graduates who are technologically and intellectually savvy in the realms of their disciplines, and with developed critical thinking skill sets suitable beyond the traditional classroom environment. Through study of cognitive science and constructivist literature on students‘ learning experiences, we have designed courses with the integration of course text materials, lecture-technology-aids, and Bloomberg supported knowledge retrieval and processing training and projects. Students engaged in courses designed with an active learning approach, facilitated through application of the Bloomberg information technology, learn to integrate necessary skills for effective analysis, decision making, and business strategy development. As an education innovation tool, Bloomberg believes in ―long-term vision, innovation, and transparency. ‖ Reducing information risk (Efficient Markets Hypotheses perspective) with students‘ ready access to realtime news, announcements, events, capital market shifts and trends, while navigating through a welldocumented ―data web‖ where the user can search across and drill down to the needed information set, Bloomberg information technology system functions as an online realtime library giving users access to historical, current, and forward-looking information. When investigating students‘ learning successes from a cognitive science and study of learning styles perspective, integration of information technology is a testable key success factor for facilitating the assessment of expected learning outcomes. Contact information: Ginny W. Frings, Ph.D. (513)335-1914 Ginny@ginnyfrings.com Mary Beth Shagena, MBA (513)290-7223 shagenamb@xavier.edu ©2011 Ginny W. Frings, Ph.D., and Mary Beth Shagena, MBA, Williams College of Business, Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio. All rights reserved. Reprints or copies not allowed without authors‘ express written permission. This paper was awarded the Alpha Iota Delta Award for Best Instructional Innovation Paper at the MWDSI 2011 Conference in Indianapolis. Thank you to participants at the MWDSI Conference for their insightful comments.
Test-Retest Reliability of fMRI Brain Activity during Memory Encoding

The mechanisms underlying hemispheric specialization of memory are not completely understood. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be used to develop and test models of hemispheric specialization. In particular for memory tasks however, the interpretation of fMRI results is often hampered by the low reliability of the data. In the present study we therefore analyzed the test-retest reliability of fMRI brain activation related to an implicit memory encoding task, with a particular focus on brain activity of the medial temporal lobe (MTL). Fifteen healthy subjects were scanned with fMRI on two sessions (average retest interval 35 days) using a commonly applied novelty encoding paradigm contrasting known and unknown stimuli. To assess brain lateralization, we used three different stimuli classes that differed in their verbalizability (words, scenes, fractals). Test-retest reliability of fMRI brain activation was assessed by an intraclass-correlation coefficient (ICC), describing the stability of inter-individual differences in the brain activation magnitude over time. We found as expected a left-lateralized brain activation network for the words paradigm, a bilateral network for the scenes paradigm, and predominantly right-hemispheric brain activation for the fractals paradigm. Although these networks were consistently activated in both sessions on the group level, across-subject reliabilities were only poor to fair (ICCs ≤ 0.45). Overall, the highest ICC values were obtained for the scenes paradigm, but only in strongly activated brain regions. In particular the reliability of brain activity of the MTL was poor for all paradigms. In conclusion, for novelty encoding paradigms the interpretation of fMRI results on a single subject level is hampered by its low reliability. More studies are needed to optimize the retest reliability of fMRI activation for memory tasks.
Strategic Trading, Liquidity and Information Acquisition

We study endogenous liquidity trading in a market with long-lived asymmetric information. We distinguish between public information, tractable information that can be acquired, and intractable information that cannot be acquired. Besides information asymmetry and noise, the adverse-selection spread depends on the diffusion of intractable information and on the interest rate. With endogenous liquidity trading, efficiency is lower than that implied by noise-trading models. Liquidity traders benefit from the information released through the insider's trades in spite of their monetary losses. We study factors that affect the insider's information acquisition decision, including the amount of intractable information, observability, and information acquisition costs. Copyright 2004, Oxford University Press.
Graph-based authentication of digital streams

We consider the authentication of digital streams over a lossy network. The overall approach taken is graph-based, as this yields simple methods for controlling overhead, delay, and the ability to authenticate, while serving to unify many previously known hash- and MAC-based techniques. The loss pattern of the network is defined probabilistically, allowing both bursty and random packet loss to be modeled. Our authentication schemes are customizable by the sender of the stream; that is, within reasonable constraints on the input parameters, we provide schemes that achieve the desired authentication probability while meeting the input upper bound on the overhead per packet. In addition, we demonstrate that some of the shortcomings of previously known schemes correspond to easily identifiable properties of a graph, and hence, may be more easily avoided by taking a graph-based approach to designing authentication schemes.
Can visiting the site of death be beneficial for bereaved families after terror? A qualitative study of parents’ and siblings’ experiences of visiting Utøya Island after the 2011 Norway terror attack

ABSTRACT Background. After the 2011 terror attack on Utøya Island, a collective visit was organized for bereaved families. There is limited knowledge whether bereaved families can benefit from such visits after terror. Objective. This study aims to explore how bereaved families experienced visiting the site of death after the 2011 terror attack. Method. As part of in-depth interviews, 22 parents and 16 siblings were asked whether they had visited Utøya and, if so, how they experienced the visit. Participants’ responses were analysed using thematic analysis. Results. The results showed that for the majority of the bereaved, visiting Utøya had been important in processing their loss. Three key themes emerged as to what they considered important with the visit: ‘seeing the actual place of death’, ‘seeking factual information’, and ‘learning to know the island’. These factors were associated both with beneficial reactions (e.g. accepting the reality of the loss increased cognitive clarity) and with distressing reactions (e.g. intrusive thoughts, re-enactment images), but the benefits had outweighed the distress. Having the opportunity for multiple visits seemed to optimize the benefits. Conclusion. Bereaved families should be offered the opportunity to visit the site of death after terror.
On the Theory of Pfaffian Orientations. II. T-joins, k-cuts, and Duality of Enumeration

This is a continuation of our paper "A Theory of Pfaffian Orientations I: Perfect Matchings and Permanents". We present a new combinatorial way to compute the generating functions of $T$-joins and $k$-cuts of graphs. As a consequence, we show that the computational problem to find the maximum weight of an edge-cut is polynomially solvable for the instances $(G,w)$ where $G$ is a graph embedded on an arbitrary fixed orientable surface and the weight function $w$ has only a bounded number of different values. We also survey the related results concerning a duality of the Tutte polynomial, and present an application for the weight enumerator of a binary code. In a continuation of this paper which is in preparation we present an application to the Ising problem of three-dimensional crystal structures.
Eddington-limited X-Ray Bursts as Distance Indicators. II. Possible Compositional Effects in Bursts from 4U 1636–536

We analyzed 123 thermonuclear (type I) X-ray bursts observed by the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) from the low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1636-536. All but two of the 40 radius expansion bursts in this sample reached peak fluxes normally distributed about a mean of 6.4 × 10-8 ergs cm-2 s-1, with a standard deviation of 7.6%. The remaining two radius-expansion bursts reached peak fluxes a factor of 1.69 ± 0.13 lower than this mean value; as a consequence, the overall variation in the peak flux of the radius-expansion bursts was a factor of ≈2. This variation is comparable to the range of the Eddington limit between material with solar H fraction (X = 0.7) and pure He. Such a variation may arise if, for the bright radius-expansion bursts, most of the accreted H is either eliminated by steady hot CNO burning or expelled in a radiatively driven wind. However, steady burning cannot exhaust the accreted H for solar composition material within the typical ≈2 hr burst recurrence time, nor can it result in sufficient elemental stratification to allow selective ejection of the H only. An additional stratification mechanism appears to be required to separate the accreted elements and thus allow preferential ejection of the hydrogen. We found no evidence for a gap in the peak flux distribution between the radius-expansion and non-radius-expansion bursts, previously observed in smaller samples. Assuming that the faint radius-expansion bursts reached the Eddington limit for H-rich material (X ≈ 0.7), and the brighter bursts the limit for pure He (X = 0), we estimate the distance to 4U 1636-536 (for a canonical neutron star with MNS = 1.4 M☉, RNS = 10 km) to be 6.0 ± 0.5 kpc, or for MNS = 2 M☉ at most 7.1 kpc.
Predictive accuracy of static risk factors for Canadian Indigenous offenders compared to non-Indigenous offenders: implications for risk assessment scales

ABSTRACT The over-representation of Indigenous offenders in Canadian prisons highlights the importance of research on the generalizability of potential static risk factors for this group. The current investigation examined whether 87 static indicators currently assessed in Canadian federal prisons were differentially present and related to outcomes (revocations, general recidivism, and violent recidivism) for Indigenous (n = 1500) and non-Indigenous (n = 6684) male federal offenders. The follow-up was eight months for revocations and five years for any/violent recidivism. Indigenous offenders scored significantly higher risk than non-Indigenous offenders on the majority of the indicators (particularly criminal history indicators). Generally, most criminal history indicators and some offence severity indicators predicted revocations, general, and violent recidivism for Indigenous offenders; however, several of the indicators had significantly lower accuracy for Indigenous offenders (particularly criminal history indicators). Overall, Indigenous offenders are a higher risk population and several static risk indicators do not perform as well for this group as for non-Indigenous offenders. Nonetheless, there were numerous static indicators that did predict outcomes for Indigenous offenders. The current findings suggest that it is possible to meaningfully assess static risk for recidivism among Indigenous offenders.
Protein-Protein Interface Detection Using the Energy Centrality Relationship (ECR) Characteristic of Proteins

Specific protein interactions are responsible for most biological functions. Distinguishing Functionally Linked Interfaces of Proteins (FLIPs), from Functionally uncorrelated Contacts (FunCs), is therefore important to characterizing these interactions. To achieve this goal, we have created a database of protein structures called FLIPdb, containing proteins belonging to various functional sub-categories. Here, we use geometric features coupled with Kortemme and Baker's computational alanine scanning method to calculate the energetic sensitivity of each amino acid at the interface to substitution, identify hotspots, and identify other factors that may contribute towards an interface being FLIP or FunC. Using Principal Component Analysis and K-means clustering on a training set of 160 interfaces, we could distinguish FLIPs from FunCs with an accuracy of 76%. When these methods were applied to two test sets of 18 and 170 interfaces, we achieved similar accuracies of 78% and 80%. We have identified that FLIP interfaces have a stronger central organizing tendency than FunCs, due, we suggest, to greater specificity. We also observe that certain functional sub-categories, such as enzymes, antibody-heavy-light, antibody-antigen, and enzyme-inhibitors form distinct sub-clusters. The antibody-antigen and enzyme-inhibitors interfaces have patterns of physical characteristics similar to those of FunCs, which is in agreement with the fact that the selection pressures of these interfaces is differently evolutionarily driven. As such, our ECR model also successfully describes the impact of evolution and natural selection on protein-protein interfaces. Finally, we indicate how our ECR method may be of use in reducing the false positive rate of docking calculations.
TransplantationAllogeneic Hemopoietic Stem Cell Antigens Enhances Tumor Immunity after DNA Immunization against Tissue-Restricted

Malignant relapse remains a major problem for recipients of allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We hypothesized that immunization of allogeneic HSCT recipients against tissue-restricted Ags using DNA vaccines would decrease the risk of relapse without enhancing graft-vs-host disease (GVHD). Using the mouse B16 melanoma model, we found that post-HSCT DNA immunization against a single tumor Ag induces tumor rejection that is signiﬁcantly greater than HSCT alone in a T cell-depleted MHC-matched minor Ag-mismatched allogeneic HSCT model (LP 3 B6). In treatment models, post-HSCT DNA immunization provides signiﬁcantly greater overall survival than the vaccine alone. Donor leukocyte infusion further enhances tumor-free survival, including in treatment models. There was no GVHD in HSCT recipients treated with DNA vaccination and donor leukocyte infusion. Further analysis demonstrated that these effects are dependent on CD8 (cid:1) T cells of donor origin that recognize multiple epitopes. These results demonstrate that DNA immunization against tissue-restricted Ags after allogeneic T cell-depleted HSCT can induce potent antitumor effects without causing GVHD. The Journal of Immunology, 2006, 177: 4159– 4167.
Outage probability for four relay selection in wireless relay networks

In this paper we evaluate the outage probability in cooperative networks using the channel conditions in order to select the best four relays from a set of N relays and then the chosen relays are used for cooperation between the source and the destination. Expressions for outage probability are derived for a frequency flat Rayleigh-fading environment by using theoretic analysis of the probability function (PDF) and the cumulative density function (CDF) of the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Simulation studies show the outage probability for different numbers of available relays N and the impact on system performance for different numbers of available relays N and the resultant diversity of the proposed modified quasi-orthogonal scheme.
Exploring the Reasons for a Failure of Electronic Payment Systems: A Case Study of and Australian Company

This paper examines factors which lead to the failure of electronic payment systems (EPS). Inorder to understand these factors a single case study of a failed Australian EPS was conducted.The findings confirm the influence of EPS adoption factors identified from the literature, whichinclude cooperation with established entities, simplicity, trust, security and mutuality of stake-holder benefits. Furthermore, this study has specifically demonstrated the importance of largepartners in the adoption of EPS. These partners are able to provide EPS with access to a largeinstalled base of customers, association with their brand name and marketing resources in orderto achieve public awareness. This paper contributes to theory and practice through examining afailed case from the system provider’s perspective, which is rare in the study of EPS. ACM Classifications: H.m; K.4. 4
Organizational Culture Mitigates Lower Ratings of Female Supervisors

The present study addresses a lack of literature examining contextual factors when investigating gender norms and leader effectiveness. Supervisor–subordinate dyads were assessed for gender dissimilarity effects on ratings of leadership effectiveness. The effect of organizational culture as a moderating force on these effects was also investigated. Results bolster relational demography theory, such that supervisors who fit existing norms (i.e., male supervisors) were rated higher than supervisors that do not (i.e., female supervisors). However, lower ratings for female supervisors were mitigated by effective organizational cultures.
Between ambition and approach: towards sustainable knowledge management in development organizations

Over the past forty years, worldwide efforts have been mobilized to address the inequalities that have led to the marginalization and deprivation of billions of people. These efforts have been broached by the sector of development cooperation, which is increasingly recognized as a knowledge-intensive sector. In this article, we critically analyze how knowledge management is perceived and approached within development organizations. We identify a contradiction in terms of the ambition of knowledge management to foster an open networking perspective, versus the approach by which knowledge management is implemented. This approach is characterized by four biases: a management, technology, objectivist, and transfer bias. We argue that as a result of these biases, knowledge management risks becoming counter effective to development purposes, strengthening rather than mitigating power inequalities. We present the concept of situated mutual learning as a promising avenue to overcoming the prevailing contradictions, contributing to more sustainable and effective development interventions. The study is based on seven case studies of development organizations and comprises fifty interviews of practitioners and policy makers actively involved in knowledge management.
Stochastic simulation in surface reconstruction and application to 3D mapping

Three dimensional terrain maps are useful representations of environments for various robotic applications. Unfortunately, sensor data (from which such maps are built) is uncertain and contains errors which are usually not accounted for in existing terrain building algorithms. In real-time applications, it is necessary to quantify these uncertainties to allow map construction decisions to be made online. This paper addresses this issue by providing a representation that explicitly accounts for sensing uncertainty. This is achieved through the use of stochastic simulation techniques. The result is in an algorithm for online 3D multiresolution surface reconstruction of unknown, and unstructured environments. Results of the surface reconstruction algorithm in a real environment are presented.
Simultaneous Measurement of Forward-backward Asymmetry and Top Polarization in Dilepton Final States from T ¯ T Production at the Tevatron

We present a simultaneous measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry and the top-quark polarization in t ¯ t production in dilepton final states using 9.7 fb −1 of proton-antiproton collisions at ffiffi ffi s p ¼ 1.96 TeV with the D0 detector. To reconstruct the distributions of kinematic observables we employ a matrix element technique that calculates the likelihood of the possible t ¯ t kinematic configurations. After accounting for the presence of background events and for calibration effects, we obtain a forward-backward asymmetry of A t¯ t ¼ ð15. 0 AE 6. 4ðstatÞ AE 4. 9ðsystÞÞ% and a top-quark polarization times spin analyzing power in the beam basis of κP ¼ ð7. 2 AE 10. 5ðstatÞ AE 4. 2ðsystÞÞ%, with a correlation of −56% between the measurements. If we constrain the forward-backward asymmetry to its expected standard model value, we obtain a measurement of the top polarization of κP ¼ ð11. 3 AE 9. 1ðstatÞ AE 1. 9ðsystÞÞ%. If we constrain the top polarization to its expected standard model value, we measure a forward-backward asymmetry of A t¯ t ¼ ð17. 5 AE 5. 6ðstatÞ AE 3. 1ðsystÞÞ%. A combination with the D0 A t¯ t measurement in the lepton þ jets final state yields an asymmetry of A t¯ t ¼ ð11. 8 AE 2. 5ðstatÞ AE 1. 3ðsystÞÞ%. Within their respective uncertainties, all these results are consistent with the standard model expectations.
Entrepreneurship, saving and social mobility

This paper examines entrepreneurship in order to analyze, first, the degree to which the opportunity to start or own a business affects the household's saving behavior and the implication of this behavior for the distribution of wealth and, second, the relationship between the extent of entrepreneurship in the economy and socioeconomic mobility, that is, the movement of families across wealth classes over time. First, a number of stylized facts based on data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) are outlined. They show relevant differences in asset holdings and wealth mobility between entrepreneurs - economic agents that own a business - and workers. Second, a dynamic general equilibrium model of income and wealth distribution with an explicit entrepreneurial choice is developed. The model is calibrated to match the key features of the data, and it is then used to obtain an estimate of the quantitative importance for capital accumulation and wealth concentration of households that undertake entrepreneurial activities, via their different microeconomic behavior. Through the modeling of the entrepreneurial activities, the model economy developed in this study generates a stationary distribution of wealth with a degree of concentration that accounts for the inequality observed in the U. S. economy. The model also successfully replicates the main patterns of socioeconomic mobility in which entrepreneurs experience higher upward mobility than workers.
Do Hidden Variables Improve Quantum Mechanics?

Since the dawn of quantum mechanics physicist have contemplated if a hidden variable theory would be able to improve quantum theory. The main goal of this paper is to look at the article ”The completeness of quantum mechanics for predicting measurement outcomes” (2012) by Colbeck and Renner. We try to examine the methods used, and the proofs given in this paper. Through this, we try to make an evaluation of the strength of the result obtained in this article. Our conclusion is that one has to make additional assumptions about the hidden variable theory, in order to complete the proof as given in the article.
Microfluidic Chips for Semen Analysis

The gold standard of semen analysis is still an manual method, which is time-consuming, labour intensive and needs thorough quality control. Microfluidics can also offer advantages for this application. Therefore a first step in the development of a microfluidic chip has been made, which enables the man the semen analysis at home. In this article recent efforts to determine the concentration and motility using a microfluidic chip are summarized.