Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Poxvirus infection in the domestic cat: some clinical and epidemiological observations

The clinical findings from 30 cases of feline poxvirus infection in the UK are reviewed and some epidemiological observations described and discussed. In most cases the clinical signs consisted of skin lesions only, although systemic signs were also occasionally seen. Over half the cats had a history of a single recent lesion, assumed to be primary, on the head, neck or a forelimb. Twenty-nine of 30 cats developed more widespread secondary skin lesions. Cat-to-cat transmission was apparently rare. More cases were recognised in the autumn than at other times of the year. The possibility of a wild mammal reservoir of infection is discussed.
The Relationship between the Practice of Sitting and Silent Meditation and Psychological Well-Being and the Effects of Personality Traits

This study investigated the relationship between the practice of meditation – number of months, weekly and daily frequencies and duration of each practice – and psychological well-being among 142 adult meditators. Personality traits were controlled for mediation effects. Data were analyzed using a hierarchical multiple linear regression model. Results indicated that the number of months and the weekly frequency were positively associated with well-being. There was an interaction between number of months and weekly frequency, suggesting that for people meditating 6/7 times a week there was no difference in the psychological well-being score for those practicing for 1 year or longer. In addition, personality traits – extraversion, neuroticism and conscienstiousness – seemed to mediate the relationship observed. These
Leadership Practices for School Improvement: Gender Disparities

The main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between leadership practices of head teachers and school effectiveness and to compare the leadership practices of male and female head teachers for school improvement at secondary level in Pakistan. It was conducted on a stratified random sample of 108 head teachers and 216 elementary and secondary school teachers working in the government boys and girls secondary schools of the Punjab province. Data was collected through three sources: 1) Statistics on education from Education Management Information System (EMIS) Punjab; 2) annual results of grade 10 students of Boards of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE); and 3) a questionnaire containing biographical information and 66 items at five-point rating scale. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was ensured through experts opinions and pilot testing in the field; the overall reliability was established at 0.901 Alpha level. Findings of the study revealed a significant positive correlation between leadership practices of head teachers and school effectiveness. Democratic leadership practices have more positive strong correlation with school effectiveness than authoritative leadership practices. Female head teachers
Assisting Drivers with Ambient Take-Over Requests in Highly Automated Driving

Take-over situations in highly automated driving occur when drivers have to take over vehicle control due to automation shortcomings. Due to high visual processing demand of the driving task and time limitation of a take-over maneuver, appropriate user interface designs for take-over requests (TOR) are needed. In this paper, we propose applying ambient TORs, which address the peripheral vision of a driver. Conducting an experiment in a driving simulator, we tested a) ambient displays as TORs, b) whether contextual information could be conveyed through ambient TORs, and c) if the presentation pattern (static, moving) of the contextual TORs has an effect on take-over behavior. Results showed that conveying contextual information through ambient displays led to shorter reaction times and longer times to collision without increasing the workload. The presentation pattern however, did not have an effect on take-over performance.
Explaining The Participation In A Small Group Brand Community: An Extended TRA

This research aims to extend the TRA (theory of reasoned action) by adding social (perceived cohesion, social identity), psychological (self image congruence) and motivational (perceived enjoyment) factors to explain the participation in a small group brand community based around the Counter Strike game. The conceptual model proposes to test the mediating role of the perceived cohesion in the relationship between the perceived enjoyment and the attitude, the impact of the self image congruence on the social identity and the role of desire as a mediating variable for the effects of the subjective norms, the attitude and the social identity on social intentions. This study is conducted nearby 145 gamers, members of the Counter Strike small group brand community. The findings revealed that the perceived cohesion partially mediates the relationship between the perceived enjoyment and the attitude. It also showed that the self image congruence is an antecedent of the social identity. The desire mediates fully the effect of subjective norms and the social identity on social intentions, and partially the impact of the attitude on social intentions.
An Examination of Youth Perceptions and Understandings of their Experiences with Extrajudicial Sanctions in Relation to Key Principles of the YCJA

It is unclear how the principles of meaningful consequences, fair and proportionate accountability, and rehabilitation and reintegration under the Youth Criminal Justice Act (2003) are understood and experienced by youth participating in diversion from youth court. Interviews with 20 youth revealed that, from their understanding, extrajudicial sanctions were viewed as accomplishing the goals of meaningful consequences and fair and proportionate accountability relatively well, but less emphasis was placed on rehabilitation and reintegration. The findings suggest that 1 "I there may be a need an examination of the spectrum of responses available to youth under i the umbrella of Extrajudicial Sanctions and their ability to achieve the key principles of the legislation. Implications for both youth and policy are addressed.
Knee septic arthritis due to Streptococcus pyogenes associated with acute thrombosis of the tibial and peroneal veins: Case report and review of the literature

We present the case of a 53-y-old patient who complained of fever, pain and oedema of the right knee and the right calf. Colour ultrasonography showed thrombosis of the tibial and peroneal veins, while paracentesis of the knee joint showed characteristics of an inflammatory exudate. Culture of the arthritic fluid revealed Streptococcus pyogenes. Thus, a diagnosis of a septic arthritis of the right knee in association with deep venous thrombosis of the right lower leg was established. From a review of the literature we found no other cases of septic arthritis in association with thrombosis of the adjacent vein. In conclusion, in cases of septic arthritis of a joint one has to consider ruling out thrombosis of the adjacent venous vessels, especially when oedema is not confined to the joint. Missing the diagnosis of such a complication will lead to increased morbidity and mortality.
The Bernese periacetabular osteotomy: clinical, radiographic and mechanical 7–15-year follow-up of 26 hips

Background The Bernese periacetabular osteotomy is used in dysplastic hips to increase the load-bearing area of the hip and to prevent osteoarthritis.The aim of our work was to determine the contact hip stress before and after the osteotomy and to compare the relief of stress with the long-term radiographic and clinical outcome. Patients and methods We followed 26 dysplastic hips (26 patients) for 7–15 years after the index operation. Clinical evaluation was based on the WOMAC score, osteoarthrosis was evaluated with the Tönnis classification, the angles of lateral (CE) and anterior (VCA) femoral coverage were measured, and biomechanical parameters were studied. Results Periacetabular osteotomy increased the mean CE from 15° to 37°, and the mean VCA from 22° to 38°. The mean normalized peak contact stress was reduced from 5.2 to 3.0 kPa/N. Four hips required total hip arthroplasty after an average of 4.5 years, 8 hips showed considerable arthrosis progression, and 14 hips had no or mild arthrosis at follow-up. Preoperative WOMAC score, preoperative Tönnis grade and postoperative normalized peak contact stress were the most important predictors of outcome. Interpretation The Bernese periacetabular osteotomy improves the mechanical status of the hip. Long-term success depends on the grade of arthrosis preoperatively and on the magnitude of operative correction of the contact hip stress. ▪
Adolescents' Life Satisfaction in Selangor, Malaysia: The Effect of Demographic Differences

This present study aims to describe the level of overall and domains-specific life satisfaction and to determine how differences in demographic variables can influence life satisfaction among adolescents in Selangor, Malaysia. The sample of the study consisted of 416 school-going adolescents, aged between 14 to 17 years old, who were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling from 12 secondary schools. The findings showed that adolescents generally reported positive level of life satisfaction. Differences in life satisfaction by age, gender and family structure were compared by t-test analysis. Younger adolescents display higher life satisfaction compared to older adolescents. Males reported higher level of life satisfaction in school domain and lower score in living environment domain compared to females. Respondents who were living in intact family arrangement also reported to have higher life satisfaction than those who were living with other types of family arrangements. In conclusion, cognitive judgment of adolescents’ life satisfaction differ with respect to their biological age, gender, and family structure.
The 1D Area Law and the Complexity of Quantum States: A Combinatorial Approach

The classical description of quantum states is in general exponential in the number of qubits. Can we get polynomial descriptions for more restricted sets of states such as ground states of interesting subclasses of local Hamiltonians? This is the basic problem in the study of the complexity of ground states, and requires an understanding of multi-particle entanglement and quantum correlations in such states. Area laws provide a fundamental ingredient in the study of the complexity of ground states, since they offer a way to bound in a quantitative way the entanglement in such states. Although they have long been conjectured for many body systems in arbitrary dimensions, a general rigorous was only recently proved in Hastings' seminal paper \cite{ref:Has07} for 1D systems. In this paper, we give a combinatorial proof of the 1D area law for the special case of frustration free systems, improving by an exponential factor the scaling in terms of the inverse spectral gap and the dimensionality of the particles. The scaling in terms of the dimension of the particles is a potentially important issue in the context of resolving the 2D case and higher dimensions, which is one of the most important open questions in Hamiltonian complexity. Our proof is based on a reformulation of the detectability lemma, introduced by us in the context of quantum gap amplification\cite{ref:Aha09b}. We give an alternative proof of the detectability lemma, which is not only simpler and more intuitive than the original proof, but also removes a key restriction in the original statement, making it more suitable for this new context. We also give a one page proof of Hastings' proof that the correlations in the ground states of gapped Hamiltonians decay exponentially with the distance, demonstrating the simplicity of the combinatorial approach for those problems.
The Physical Properties of HD 3651B: An Extrasolar Nemesis?

I present detailed analysis of the near-infrared spectrum of HD 3651B, a faint, comoving wide companion to the nearby planet-hosting star HD 3651. These data confirm the companion as a brown dwarf with spectral type T8, consistent with the analysis of Luhman et al. Application of the semi-empirical technique of Burgasser, Burrows, & Kirkpatrick indicates that HD 3651B has Teff = 790 ± 30 K and log g = 5.0 ± 0.3 for a metallicity of [M/H] = 0.12 ± 0.04, consistent with a mass M = 0.033 ± 0.013 M☉ and an age of 0.7-4.7 Gyr. The surface gravity, mass, and age estimates of this source are all highly sensitive to the assumed metallicity; however, a supersolar metallicity is deduced by direct comparison of spectral models to the observed absolute fluxes. The age of HD 3651B is somewhat better constrained than that of the primary, with estimates for the latter ranging over ~2 Gyr to >12 Gyr. As a widely orbiting massive object to a known planetary system that could potentially harbor terrestrial planets in its habitable zone, HD 3651B may play the role of Nemesis in this system.
Fluid and osmolyte recovery in the common pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis following full-body withdrawal

SUMMARY The common pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis sacrifices 40–60% of its extracellular fluid (ECF) including solutes to the surrounding environment to fully retract into its shell. Our objectives were to determine recovery time following such ECF loss and characterize mechanisms involved in recovering Na+, the primary cationic osmolyte in this snail. Pallial fluid was initially collected post-stimulation and again after a second stimulation on sub-groups of those snails 2 h to 10 weeks after initial sampling. Samples were analyzed for pH, osmotic pressure, and individual solute concentrations. Lost volume was recovered within 8 h with no significant changes in pH or total CO2. Significant decreases in osmotic pressure, [Na+] (43% loss), and [Cl–] recovered in 48 h as a result of enhanced uptake from the water. Copper and total extracellular proteins took 5 weeks to recover. Measurements of Na+ transport kinetics completed before and immediately after fluid loss revealed a near threefold increase in both affinity and capacity of the Na+ uptake system. Sodium uptake was independent of ambient Cl– and HCO3– in both control and fluid-depleted snails. Amiloride significantly reduced recovery-phase Na+ uptake rates but did not influence baseline Na+ flux. Recovery uptake was significantly reduced by amiloride, ethylisopropylamiloride, bafilomycin and ethoxzolamide indicating dependency upon Na+/H+ exchange, H+ pump activity and H+ from carbonic anhydrase-catalyzed CO2 hydration. Thus enhanced uptake during recovery is likely via electrogenic Na+/H+ exchange and/or possibly a cation channel.
Nonlocal dynamics of Turbulence, Transport and Zonal Flows in Tokamak Plasmas

The understanding of plasma turbulent transport in tokamaks used to rely on a local process, in the sense that locally excited fluctuations exhibit short radial correlation lengths only, ultimately leading to diffusive transport. We find here that the intrinsic nature of turbulent heat transport in tokamaks is nonlocal. This nonlocality is thoroughly defined and quantified. In the same vein, it is also found that the global structure of turbulence and transport results from a synergy between edge-driven inward propagation of turbulence intensity with outward heat transport. This synergy results in inward-outward pulse scattering leading to spontaneous production of strong internal shear layers in which the turbulent transport is almost suppressed over several radial correlation lengths. These two examples represent different sides of the same coin: the turbulence-generated self-organised processes which occur at mesoscales are central to our understanding of transport processes as they govern shear generation and flow pattern formation.
INFLUENCES ON STUDENT LEARNING

I welcome the opportunity to speak to my colleagues and friends on the research I wish to undertake during my next years here at the University of Auckland. This is my third Inaugural lecture since I became a Professor 15 years ago, hence I have learnt to take this opportunity seriously and cast a vision, as there are so few opportunities to talk to colleagues one’s own esoterica and passions. Maybe it is that I just need to same thing three times to at least say something, and I know my family has therefore renamed these my Ignorable Lectures. I do know that the fact most remembered from my first was that it was the first time that the chair Michael Scriven and the presenter presented an Inaugural and both did not wear ties. The fact from the second in North Carolina was that it was scheduled at the same time as the Simpson jury read its verdict.
The Future of e-Learning in Medical Education: Current Trend and Future Opportunity

A wide range of e-learning modalities are widely integrated in medical education. However, some of the key questions related to the role of e-learning remain unanswered, such as (1) what is an effective approach to integrating technology into pre-clinical vs. clinical training? ; (2) what evidence exists regarding the type and format of e-learning technology suitable for medical specialties and clinical settings? ; (3) which design features are known to be effective in designing on-line patient simulation cases, tutorials, or clinical exams? ; and (4) what guidelines exist for determining an appropriate blend of instructional strategies, including on-line learning, face-to-face instruction, and performance-based skill practices? Based on the existing literature and a variety of e-learning examples of synchronous learning tools and simulation technology, this paper addresses the following three questions: (1) what is the current trend of e-learning in medical education? ; (2) what do we know about the effective use of e-learning? ; and (3) what is the role of e-learning in facilitating newly emerging competency-based training? As e-learning continues to be widely integrated in training future physicians, it is critical that our efforts in conducting evaluative studies should target specific e-learning features that can best mediate intended learning goals and objectives. Without an evolving knowledge base on how best to design e-learning applications, the gap between what we know about technology use and how we deploy e-learning in training settings will continue to widen.
Adolescent-parent discrepancies in perceptions of family functioning and early adolescent self-competence

The relationship between discrepancies in adolescents’ and their parents’ perceptions of family functioning and adolescent self-competence was examined in a sample of 74 sixth and seventh grade students and their parents. This relationship was examined by the gender of the adolescent and the gender of the parent. Results indicated that discrepancies in adolescent-mother and adolescent-father perceptions of family functioning were related to lower levels of adolescent self-competence for girls. For boys, discrepancies in adolescent-mother perceptions of family functioning were also related to lower levels of adolescent self-competence, however, discrepancies in adolescent-father perceptions of family functioning were related to higher levels of adolescent self-competence. Explanations for these gender differences are provided. For both girls and boys, discrepancies in perceptions of family functioning predicted lower levels of self-competence and lower levels of self-competence predicted discrepancies in perceptions of family functioning. Consistent with current models of human development, these results emphasise the importance of examining both directions of influence when relationships between characteristics of the individual and the family context are explored.
Orthographic and phonological processing skills in reading and spelling in Persian/English bilinguals

The concurrent development of reading and spelling in English and Persian were examined in a sample of bilingual children. The objective was to compare how phonological and orthographic processing skills contribute to reading and spelling for two alphabetic languages that differ drastically. English orthography is characterised by both polyphony (i.e., a grapheme representing more than one phoneme) and polygraphy (i.e., a phoneme represented by more than one grapheme) which results in a complex script to read and write. In contrast, vowelised-Persian orthography is characterised by polygraphy only, which results in a simple script to read but more complex to write. Fifty-five Iranian children in grades 2 and 3, who had lived in English-speaking Canada for an average of 4 years, were tested on word reading and spelling in English and Persian. We found that the predictors of reading performance were similar across languages: Phonological and orthographic processing skills each predicted unique variance in word reading in English and in Persian once we had controlled for grade level, vocabulary, and reading experience. As expected, the predictors of spelling performance differed across language: Spelling in English was predicted similarly by phonological and orthographic processing skills, whereas spelling in Persian was predicted by orthographic processing skills only. It is possible that the nature of the Persian orthography encourages children to adopt different strategies when reading and spelling words. Spelling Persian words might be particularly conducive to using an analytic strategy which, in turn, promotes the development of and reliance on orthographic skills.
Mammalian reovirus L3 gene sequences and evidence for a distinct amino-terminal region of the lambda1 protein.

To complement evidence for nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase (NTPase), RNA helicase, RNA 5' triphosphate phosphohydrolase, and nucleic acid-binding activities by the core shell protein lambda1 of mammalian orthoreoviruses (reoviruses), we determined nucleotide sequences of the lambda1-encoding L3 gene segments from three isolates: type 1 Lang (T1L), type 2 Jones (T2J), and type 3 Dearing (T3D). The T1L and T3D L3 gene sequences and deduced lambda1 protein sequences shared high levels of identity (97.7% and 99.3%, respectively). The lambda1 sequences differed at only 9 of 1275 amino acids. Two single-nucleotide insertions relative to a previously published sequence for T3D L3 extended the lambda1 open reading frame to within 60 nucleotides of the plus-strand 3' end for T3D and the other isolates sequenced, in keeping with the short 3' nontranslated regions of the other nine gene segments. Seven of the nine amino acid differences between T1L and T3D lambda1 were located within the amino-terminal 500 residues of lambda1, a region with putative sequence similarities to NTPases and RNA helicases. The T2J L3 and lambda1 sequences were found to be more divergent, especially within the amino-terminal 180 residues of lambda1, preceding the putative CCHH zinc finger motif. The T2J L3 sequence, along with partial sequences for L3 genes from three other reovirus isolates, suggested that one or more of the polymorphisms at amino acids 71, 215, 500, 1011, and/or 1100 in lambda1 contribute to the L3-determined differences in ATPase activities by T1L and T3D cores. The findings contribute to our ongoing efforts to elucidate sequence-structure-function relationships for the lambda1 core protein.