Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Contagion of Motivation Between Teacher and Student: Analyzing Underlying Processes

We examined (a) whether motivational orientation can spread from teachers to students during 2 consecutive teaching-learning sessions and (b) mechanisms underlying this phenomenon in a special physical education session delivered to high school students. Participants who were taught a sport activity by an allegedly paid instructor reported lower interest in learning and exhibited less persistence in a free-choice period than students taught by a supposedly volunteer instructor, despite receiving the same standardized lesson across experimental conditions. When participants taught the activity to their peers in a subsequent unconstrained learning session, lower levels of interest and behavioral persistence were also exhibited by learners who received the second lesson. A structural equation model confirmed that learners at the end of this educational chain made inferences about how intrinsically motivated their peer tutors were, on the basis of their teaching style (i.e., autonomy-supportive behaviors) and the positive affects they displayed. These inferences, in turn, affected the students' own intrinsic motivation for the activity. Results are interpreted in relation to self-determination theory, and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Clinical practice trends in cryosurgery: a retrospective study of cutaneous lesions

Introduction Cryosurgery is an alternative treatment for many benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions of the skin. Aim To review the indications of cryosurgery for cutaneous lesions. Material and methods The retrospective study was based on the assessment of medical records of 1031 dermatology patients who had cryosurgery. Results One thousand two hundred and forty-four sessions of cryosurgery were applied to the total of 1031 patients. Of the 1031 patients, the most frequent indication for cryosurgery was common warts which were present in 535 (61.59%) patients, followed by anogenital warts in 119 (11.54%) patients, callosity in 81 (7.85%) patients, actinic keratosis in 77 (7.46%) patients, molluscum contagiosum in 35 (3.39%) patients, and other benign or malignant skin lesions. Conclusions Cryosurgery is still a valuable treatment of choice in various benign, premalignant, and malignant skin diseases but seems to be underused for indications other than viral warts.
Effects of Fungicide and Adjuvant Sprays on Nesting Behavior in Two Managed Solitary Bees, Osmia lignaria and Megachile rotundata

There is a growing body of empirical evidence showing that wild and managed bees are negatively impacted by various pesticides that are applied in agroecosystems around the world. The lethal and sublethal effects of two widely used fungicides and one adjuvant were assessed in cage studies in California on blue orchard bees, Osmia lignaria, and in cage studies in Utah on alfalfa leafcutting bees, Megachile rotundata. The fungicides tested were Rovral 4F (iprodione) and Pristine (mixture of pyraclostrobin + boscalid), and the adjuvant tested was N-90, a non-ionic wetting agent (90% polyethoxylated nonylphenol) added to certain tank mixtures of fungicides to improve the distribution and contact of sprays to plants. In separate trials, we erected screened cages and released 20 paint-marked females plus 30–50 males per cage to document the behavior of nesting bees under treated and control conditions. For all females in each cage, we recorded pollen-collecting trip times, nest substrate-collecting trip times (i.e., mud for O. lignaria and cut leaf pieces for M. rotundata), cell production rate, and the number of attempts each female made to enter her own or to enter other nest entrances upon returning from a foraging trip. No lethal effects of treatments were observed on adults, nor were there effects on time spent foraging for pollen and nest substrates and on cell production rate. However, Rovral 4F, Pristine, and N-90 disrupted the nest recognition abilities of O. lignaria females. Pristine, N-90, and Pristine + N-90 disrupted nest recognition ability of M. rotundata females. Electroantennogram responses of antennae of O. lignaria females maintained in the laboratory did not differ significantly between the fungicide-exposed and control bees. Our results provide the first empirical evidence that two commonly used fungicides and a non-ionic adjuvant can disrupt nest recognition in two managed solitary bee species.
Serum hepatic biochemical activity in two populations of workers exposed to styrene

OBJECTIVE To determine whether hepatic biochemical changes, as measured by routinely available tests indicative of hepatocellular necrosis, cholestasis, or altered hepatic clearance of bilirubin, occur in association with low to moderate exposure to styrene commonly experienced in industrial production. METHODS Two independent cross sectional studies were performed comparing serum hepatic transaminases (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)), cholestatic enzymes (alkaline phosphatase (AP) and γ glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)), and bilirubin in (a) 47 workers of fibreglass reinforced plastics who were exposed to styrene and (b) 21 boat and tank fabricators, with separate referent groups of unexposed workers. Exposure to styrene was assessed in air by dosimetry, and in venous blood by headspace analysis. Hepatic biochemical variables were assessed across strata of exposure to styrene defined as 25 ppm in air, or 0.275 mg/l in blood, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and ethanol consumption. RESULTS A consistent and significant linear trend for increasing direct bilirubin and direct/total bilirubin ratio was found in association with increasing exposure to styrene, by both air and blood monitoring, in both studies. Mean direct bilirubin concentrations increased from 0.05–0.08 mg% in referents to 0.12–0.19 in workers exposed above 25 ppm, with a significant exposure-response trend (p<0.005). Significantly increased direct/total bilirubin ratios, ranging from 0.22 to 0.35 were associated with exposure to styrene (p<0.001), indicating diminished hepatic clearance of conjugated bilirubin. Also, a significant linear association between the hepatic transaminases ALT and AST and exposure to styrene was found in pooled regression analyses, with an increase in AP of about 10 IU/ml in workers exposed above 25 ppm air or 0.275 mg/l blood styrene in pooled analyses from both studies. CONCLUSIONS The consistent finding of increased direct bilirubin and AP concentrations in these two independent studies provides evidence for diminished hepatic clearance of conjugated bilirubin with associated cholestasis in workers exposed to styrene. The finding of a significant linear association between hepatic transaminase concentrations and exposure to styrene in pooled analyses is consistent with mild hepatic injury and associated metabolic dysfunction.
Reexamination and Extension of Kleine, Kleine, and Kernan's Social Identity Model of Mundane Consumption: The Mediating Role of the Appraisal Process

Solomon ([1983][1]) proposed that products, as social stimuli, influence reflected appraisals. Appraisals, in turn, influence self-definition. Kleine, Kleine, and Kernan ([1993][2], study 2) empirically supported Solomon's hypothesis. Appraisals were found to completely mediate the relationship between possessions and self-definition. Appraisals are thus an essential link between possession sets and individuals' self-definitions. The current study extends the Kleine et al. ([1993][2]) model in two important ways. First, we combined insights from identity theory, appraisal theory, and the sociology of emotions literatures to offer a more precise and comprehensive conceptualization of the appraisal process that includes both cognitive and emotional components. The conceptualization distinguishes appraisals of possessions from appraisals of performance and reflected versus self-appraisals. Second, symbolic interactionist theory suggests that social interactions and media are social communication discourses that, like possessions, influence self-definitions via appraisals. The extended model incorporates these possibilities. Data collected from individuals with an identity based on one of two freely chosen athletic activities provides encouraging support for the extended model. The result pattern provides insights into how appraisals mediate the relationship between social communication discourses and self-definition. [1]: #ref-26 [2]: #ref-12
Evaluation techniques for on-line testing of robust systems based on critical tasks distribution

The process of designing robust digital systems is getting heavier and longer due to the increase of functional complexity and circuit sensitiveness [1][2]. Furthermore, aerospace and automotive electronics are including more digital systems with critical tasks distribution among several single and cheaper modules. Although collaborative hardening is providing very interesting results in terms of cost and reliability, the design process becomes more difficult. Redundant tasks, hardware and software, must be evaluated together with the global and local error mitigation techniques. Also, network links affect error propagation and mitigation. Finally, the error accumulation must be considered in these systems working in harsh conditions. In this paper we present a general method for evaluating the Single Bit Upsets (SBU) sensitivity of complex digital systems with critical tasks distribution and collaborative hardening. This method performs a detailed analysis of signal integrity along system operation thanks to hardware emulation in the early steps of the design cycle.
Cardiac protein changes in ischaemic and dilated cardiomyopathy: a proteomic study of human left ventricular tissue

The development of heart failure (HF) is characterized by progressive alteration of left ventricle structure and function. Previous works on proteomic analysis in cardiac tissue from patients with HF remain scant. The purpose of our study was to use a proteomic approach to investigate variations in protein expression of left ventricle tissue from patients with ischaemic (ICM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Twenty‐four explanted human hearts, 12 from patients with ICM and 12 with DCM undergoing cardiac transplantation and six non‐diseased donor hearts (CNT) were analysed by 2DE. Proteins of interest were identified by mass spectrometry and validated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. We encountered 35 differentially regulated spots in the comparison CNT versus ICM, 33 in CNT versus DCM, and 34 in ICM versus DCM. We identified glyceraldehyde 3‐phophate dehydrogenase up‐regulation in both ICM and DCM, and alpha‐crystallin B down‐regulation in both ICM and DCM. Heat shock 70 protein 1 was up‐regulated only in ICM. Ten of the eleven differentially regulated proteins common to both aetiologies are interconnected as a part of a same network. In summary, we have shown by proteomics analysis that HF is associated with changes in proteins involved in the cellular stress response, respiratory chain and cardiac metabolism. Although we found altered expression of eleven proteins common to both ischaemic and dilated aetiology, we also observed different proteins altered in both groups. Furthermore, we obtained that seven of these eleven proteins are involved in cell death and apoptosis processes, and therefore in HF progression.
Neural Codes in Human Extracranial EEG: Identification of Epilepsy Features

Features of epilepsy from human extracranial EEG recordings were obtained using the wavelet artificial neural network (WANN). The WANN is also a robust signal processing tool for the estimation of nonlinear time-frequency relation and it had previously been shown to be able to classify and predict state transitions in the in vitro hippocampal slice model exhibiting spontaneous epilepsy. The variations in the power-frequency spectrum were analyzed. The accuracy of state classification was improved when more training data was used, the corresponding changes in synaptic weights between artificial neural units associated with more training data was studied to determine the correlations between learning in WANN and frequency information in human epilepsy
Deuterium Abundance toward WD 0621–376: Results from the FUSE Mission

Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer observations are presented for WD 0621-376, a DA white dwarf star in the local interstellar medium (LISM) at a distance of about 78 pc. The data have a signal-to-noise ratio of ∼20-40 per 20 km s-1 resolution element and cover the wavelength range 905-1187 Å. LISM absorption is detected in the lines of D I, C II, C II*, C III, N I, N II, N III, O I, Ar I, and Fe II. This sight line is partially ionized, with an ionized nitrogen fraction of greater than 0.23. We determine the ratio D/O = × 10-2 (2 σ). Assuming a standard interstellar oxygen abundance, we derive D/H ≈ 1.3 × 10-5. Using the value of N(H I) derived from Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer data gives a similar D/H ratio. The D I/N I ratio is × 10-1 (2 σ).
Critical Role of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β in Regulating the Avian Heterophil Response to Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis

A microarray-assisted gene expression screen of chicken heterophils revealed glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a multifunctional Ser/Thr kinase, to be consistently upregulated 30–180 min following stimulation with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis). The present study was designed to delineate the role of GSK-3β in regulating the innate function of chicken heterophils in response to S. Enteritidis exposure. Using a specific GSK-3β ELISA assay, 30 min after infection with S. Enteritidis, heterophils had a significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in total GSK-3β, but a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in phosphorylated GSK-3β (Ser9). By 60 min post-infection, there was no difference in the amount of phosphorylated GSK-3β (Ser9) in either the uninfected and infected heterophils. S. Enteritidis interaction with heterophils alters GSK-3β activity by stimulating phosphorylation at Ser9 and that peaks by 30 min post-infection. Further, inhibition of GSK3β with lithium chloride resulted in a significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in NF-κB activation and expression of IL-6, but induces a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10. Using a phospho-specific antibody array confirmed the phosphorylation of GSK-3β (Ser9) as well as the phosphorylation of the downstream cytokine-activated intracellular signaling pathway involved in stimulating immune responses, IκB, the IκB subunit IKK-β, and the NF-κB subunits p105, p65, and c-Rel. Our data revealed that the phosphorylation of GSK-3β (Ser9) is responsible for inducing and controlling an innate response to the bacteria. Our findings suggest that the repression of GSK-3 activity is beneficial to the host cell and may act as a target for treatment in controlling intestinal colonization in chickens. Further experiments will define the in vivo modulation of GSK-3 as a potential alternative to antibiotics in salmonella and other intestinal bacterial infections.
Intratumoral Administration of Dendritic Cells Overexpressing CCL21 Generates Systemic Antitumor Responses and Confers Tumor Immunity

To achieve in situ tumor antigen uptake and presentation, intratumoral administration of ex vivo-generated, gene-modified murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC) was used in a murine lung cancer model. To attract mature host DC and activated T cells at the tumor site, the DC were transduced with an adenoviral vector expressing secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (CCL21/SLC). Sixty percent of the mice treated with 106 DC-AdCCL21 intratumorally (7–10 ng/ml/106 cells/24 h of CCL21) at weekly intervals for 3 weeks showed complete tumor eradication, whereas only 25% of mice had complete resolution of tumors when mice were treated with fibroblasts expressing CCL21. In contrast only 12% of the mice treated with unmodified or control vector modified DC (DC-AdCV) showed complete tumor eradication. DC-AdCCL21 administration led to increases in the CD4+, CD8+, and CD3+CXCR3+ T cells, as well as DC expressing CD11c+ DEC205+. CD4+CD25+ T-regulatory cells infiltrating the tumors were markedly reduced after DC-AdCCL21 therapy. The tumor site cellular infiltrates were accompanied by the enhanced elaboration of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IFN-γ, MIG/CXCL9, IP-10/CXCL10, and interleukin 12, but decreases in the immunosuppressive mediators transforming growth factor β and prostaglandin E2. DC-AdCCL21-treated tumor-bearing mice showed enhanced frequency of tumor-specific T lymphocytes secreting IFN-γ, and tumor protective immunity was induced after DC-AdCCL21 therapy. In vivo depletion of IP-10/CXCL10, MIG/CXCL9, or IFN-γ significantly reduced the antitumor efficacy of DC-AdCCL21. These findings provide a strong rationale for the evaluation of DC-AdCCL21 in cancer immunotherapy.
The need to improve the interface between in-hours and out-of-hours GP care, and between out-of-hours care and self-care.

BACKGROUND considerable changes have occurred over the last 5 years in the organization of out-of-hours care in the UK. Users' experiences of their care are an important part of 'quality of care' and are valuable for identifying areas for improvement. AIM to identify strengths and weaknesses of out-of hours service provision in Wales. The design of the study is a cross-sectional survey. The setting of the study is nine GP services, three Accident and Emergency units and NHS Direct in Wales. METHOD survey using the validated Out-of-Hours questionnaire. We identified the four most and least favourably rated items regarding users' experience of care. These were analysed by type of care provided, telephone advice, treatment centre and home visit groups. RESULTS eight hundred and fifty-five of 3250 users responded (26% response rate). Across providers and types of care, consistent strengths were the 'manner of treatment by call operator' and the 'explanation of the next step by call operator'. Consistent weaknesses were the 'speed of call back by the clinician', the 'information provided by the GP', 'getting medication after the consultation' and 'when to contact the (in-hours) GP'. CONCLUSIONS users of out-of-hours care identify clear and consistent strengths and weaknesses of service provision across Wales. Specific areas for improvement concern the interface between in-hours care and out-of-hours care and between out-of-hours care and self-care. GP surgeries need to give better information on how to access the out-of-hours services. Out-of-hours providers should improve their advice on how and when to access in-hours surgeries and also improve the availability of medicines after out-of-hours consultations.
A Dynamics-based Method for Crack Detection and Estimation

Presented is a dynamics-based boundary effect evaluation (BEE) method for pinpointing crack locations and estimating crack sizes using only operational deflection shapes (ODSs) measured by a scanning laser vibrometer. An ODS consists of central and boundary solutions. Central solutions are periodic functions, and boundary solutions are exponentially decaying functions due to boundary constraints. The BEE method uses a sliding-window curve-fitting technique to extract boundary solutions from an experimental ODS. Because cracks introduce localized small boundaries to a structure, boundary solutions exist around cracks as well as structural boundaries. Since crack-induced boundary solutions show characteristics different from those of actual boundaries, cracks can be easily located. A local strain energy method is derived for estimating crack sizes. In the method, the crack-induced strain energy extracted from an ODS is compared with the one calculated using stress intensity factors to determine the crack size. To verify the capability and accuracy of this BEE method, experiments are performed on six 22″ × 1″ × 0:25″ 2024-T4 aluminum beams each having a through-the-width Mode I crack at its midpoint. These cracks are slots having a width of 0:039″ and depths of 0:0625″ (25% of the beam thickness), 0:05″ (20%), 0:0375″ (15%), 0:025″ (10%), 0:0125″(5%), and 0:005″(2%), respectively. Results show that this BEE method is capable of locating and estimating small cracks.
Identification of Herpesvirus Proteins That Contribute to G1/S Arrest

ABSTRACT Lytic infection by herpesviruses induces cell cycle arrest at the G1/S transition. This appears to be a function of multiple herpesvirus proteins, but only a minority of herpesvirus proteins have been examined for cell cycle effects. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the viral proteins that contribute to G1/S arrest, we screened a library of over 200 proteins from herpes simplex virus type 1, human cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) for effects on the G1/S interface, using HeLa fluorescent, ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (Fucci) cells in which G1/S can be detected colorimetrically. Proteins from each virus were identified that induce accumulation of G1/S cells, predominantly tegument, early, and capsid proteins. The identification of several capsid proteins in this screen suggests that incoming viral capsids may function to modulate cellular processes. The cell cycle effects of selected EBV proteins were further verified and examined for effects on p53 and p21 as regulators of the G1/S transition. Two EBV replication proteins (BORF2 and BMRF1) were found to induce p53 but not p21, while a previously uncharacterized tegument protein (BGLF2) was found to induce p21 protein levels in a p53-independent manner. Proteomic analyses of BGLF2-interacting proteins identified interactions with the NIMA-related protein kinase (NEK9) and GEM-interacting protein (GMIP). Silencing of either NEK9 or GMIP induced p21 without affecting p53 and abrogated the ability of BGLF2 to further induce p21. Collectively, these results suggest multiple viral proteins contribute to G1/S arrest, including BGLF2, which induces p21 levels likely by interfering with the functions of NEK9 and GMIP. IMPORTANCE Most people are infected with multiple herpesviruses, whose proteins alter the infected cells in several ways. During lytic infection, the viral proteins block cell proliferation just before the cellular DNA replicates. We used a novel screening method to identify proteins from three different herpesviruses that contribute to this block. Several of the proteins we identified had previously unknown functions or were structural components of the virion. Subsets of these proteins from Epstein-Barr virus were studied for their effects on the cell cycle regulatory proteins p53 and p21, thereby identifying two proteins that induce p53 and one that induces p21 (BGLF2). We identified interactions of BGLF2 with two human proteins, both of which regulate p21, suggesting that BGLF2 induces p21 by interfering with the functions of these two host proteins. Our study indicates that multiple herpesvirus proteins contribute to the cell proliferation block, including components of the incoming virions.