Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Control Strategy on Hypertension in Chinese Medicine

Hypertension is a clinical common disease, with high mortality and disability. Although there have also been significant advances in therapeutic concepts and measures, it has shown a certain value and significance in the treatment of Chinese medicine. The control strategy on hypertension is described from the following aspects such as differentiation of symptoms, pathogenesis, formula syndrome, and herb syndrome. As the common clinical manifestations of hypertension are dizziness, headache, fatigue, lassitude in the loins and knees, and so on, the pathogeneses of them are analysed. The author found that the main pathogenesis of the disease is heat, excessive fluid, and deficiency, which occurred incorporatively and interacted with each other in patients. Although the pathogenesis of the disease is complicated, the distribution of formula syndromes and herb syndromes is regular. The common formula syndromes include Banxia Baishu Tianma Tang (Decoction of Pinellia ternata, Atractylodes and Gastrodia elata), Da Chaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction), and Liu Wei Dihuang Wan (Pill of Rehmannia). And the common herb syndromes include Tian Ma (Gastrodia elata) syndrome, Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae) syndrome, Niu Xi (Achyranthes Root) syndrome, and Chuan Xiong (Ligusticum wallichii) syndrome.
Teammate Influence on Collegiate Swimmers’ Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction: A Qualitative Perspective

To enhance student-athletes’ psychological welfare and motivation it is essential to foster positive relationships and interactions with those in their surroundings, especially when considering that others’ actions toward them can have a significant impact on their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors (Vallerand & Losier, 1999). Deci and Ryan’s (2000) self-determination theory offers an ideal lens to understand social influences as it suggests that various social factors have a direct influence on individuals’ basic psychological need satisfaction (Vallerand, 1997), which in turn affects the development of self-determined forms of motivation and well-being (Deci & Ryan, 2000). The purpose of the current research was to explore how teammates act as social factors for National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I swimmers’ basic psychological need fulfillment. Eight NCAA Division I swimmers participated in semistructured interviews. Consensual qualitative research (Hill, Thompson, & Williams, 1997.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Bilingual Lexicon Induction

Bilingual lexicon induction is the task of inducing word translations from monolingual corpora in two languages. In this article we present the most comprehensive analysis of bilingual lexicon induction to date. We present experiments on a wide range of languages and data sizes. We examine translation into English from 25 foreign languages: Albanian, Azeri, Bengali, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Cebuano, Gujarati, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Latvian, Nepali, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak, Somali, Spanish, Swedish, Tamil, Telugu, Turkish, Ukrainian, Uzbek, Vietnamese, and Welsh. We analyze the behavior of bilingual lexicon induction on low-frequency words, rather than testing solely on high-frequency words, as previous research has done. Low-frequency words are more relevant to statistical machine translation, where systems typically lack translations of rare words that fall outside of their training data. We systematically explore a wide range of features and phenomena that affect the quality of the translations discovered by bilingual lexicon induction. We provide illustrative examples of the highest ranking translations for orthogonal signals of translation equivalence like contextual similarity and temporal similarity. We analyze the effects of frequency and burstiness, and the sizes of the seed bilingual dictionaries and the monolingual training corpora. Additionally, we introduce a novel discriminative approach to bilingual lexicon induction. Our discriminative model is capable of combining a wide variety of features that individually provide only weak indications of translation equivalence. When feature weights are discriminatively set, these signals produce dramatically higher translation quality than previous approaches that combined signals in an unsupervised fashion (e.g., using minimum reciprocal rank). We also directly compare our model’s performance against a sophisticated generative approach, the matching canonical correlation analysis (MCCA) algorithm used by Haghighi et al. (2008). Our algorithm achieves an accuracy of 42% versus MCCA’s 15%.
On the Relevance of Self-Similarity in Network Traffic Prediction

Self-similarity is an important characteristic of traffic in high speed networks which can not be captured by traditional traffic models. Traffic predictors based on non-traditional long-memory models are computationally more complex than traditional predictors based on short-memory models. Even online estimation of their parameters for actual traffic traces is not trivial work. Based on the observation that the Hurst parameter of real traffic traces rarely exceeds 0.85, which means that real traffic does not exhibit strong long-range dependence, and the fact that infinite history is not possible in practice, we propose to use a simple non-model-based minimum mean square error predictor. In this paper, we look at the problem of traffic prediction in the presence of self-similarity. We briefly describe a number of short-memory and long-memory stochastic traffic models and talk about non-model-based predictors, particularly minimum mean square error and its normalized version. Numerical results of our experimental comparison between the so-called fractional predictors and the simple minimum mean square error predictor show that this simple method can achieve accuracy within 5% of the best fractional predictor while it is much simpler than any model-based predictor and is easily used in an on-line fashion. I. I NTRODUCTION One of the key issues in measurement-based network control is to predict traffic in the next control time interval based on the online measurements of traffic characteristics. The goal is to forecast future traffic variations as precisely as possible, based on the measured traffic history. Traffic prediction requires accurate traffic models which can capture the statistical characteristics of actual traffic. Inaccurate models may overestimate or underestimate network traffic.
Hepatitis‐Associated Markers in the American Red Cross Volunteer Blood Donor Population

Abstract. The present study was undertaken to determine whether there were any differences in the distribution of hepatitis B virus‐(HBV) associated serologic markers among hepatitis B surface antigen‐(HBsAg) positive first‐time and repeat blood donors. The markers examined in samples from 412 newly identified HBsAg‐positive donors (254 first‐time and 158 repeat) included HBsAg titer and subtype, HBeAgIanti‐HBe, and anti‐HBc. Repeat donors were more frequently HBeAg‐positive (25.9%) than were first‐time donors (17.7%). Anti‐HBc and anti‐HBe were observed more often among first‐time (99.6 and 76%) than repeat (91.8 and 60.8%) donors. No differences were found in the mean HBsAg titer nor in the subtype distribution in the two populations. The frequency of HBeAg positivity and the mean HBsAg titer in blood were significantly lower among first‐time donors aged 30 or older as compared to those younger than 30. Such age‐related tendencies did not occur among the repeat donors. The profiles of HBV markers suggest that the HBsAg‐positive first‐time donor group consists predominantly of long‐term HBsAg carriers who may have acquired HBV at an early age, while the HBsAg‐positive repeat donors have newly acquired infections.
Effects of extracellular ATP on ion transport systems and [Ca2+]i in rat parotid acinar cells. Comparison with the muscarinic agonist carbachol

The effects of extracellular ATP on ion fluxes and the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were examined using a suspension of rat parotid acinar cells and were contrasted with the effects of the muscarinic agonist carbachol. Although ATP and carbachol both rapidly increased [Ca2+]i about threefold above the resting level (200-250 nM), the effect of ATP was due primarily to an influx of Ca2+ across the plasma membrane, while the initial response to carbachol was due to a release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. Within 10 s, ATP (1 mM) and carbachol (20 microM) reduced the cellular Cl- content by 39-50% and cell volume by 15-25%. Both stimuli reduced the cytosolic K+ content by 57-65%, but there were marked differences in the rate and pattern of net K+ movement as well as the effects of K+ channel inhibitors on the effluxes initiated by the two stimuli. The maximum rate of the ATP- stimulated K+ efflux (approximately 2,200 nmol K+/mg protein per min) was about two-thirds that of the carbachol-initiated efflux rate, and was reduced by approximately 30% (vs. 60% for the carbachol-stimulated K+ efflux) by TEA (tetraethylammonium), an inhibitor of the large conductance (BK) K+ channel. Charybdotoxin, another K+ channel blocker, was markedly more effective than TEA on the effects of both agonists, and reduced the rate of K+ efflux initiated by both ATP and carbachol by approximately 80%. The removal of extracellular Ca2+ reduced the ATP- and the carbachol-stimulated rates of K+ efflux by 55 and 17%, respectively. The rate of K+ efflux initiated by either agonist was reduced by 78-95% in cells that were loaded with BAPTA to slow the elevation of [Ca2+]i. These results indicated that ATP and carbachol stimulated the efflux of K+ through multiple types of K(+)-permeable channels, and demonstrated that the relative proportion of efflux through the different pathways was different for the two stimuli. ATP and carbachol also stimulated the rapid entry of Na+ into the parotid cell, and elevated the intracellular Na+ content to 4.4 and 2.6 times the normal level, respectively. The rate of Na+ entry through Na(+)- K(+)-2Cl- cotransport and Na(+)-H+ exchange was similar whether stimulated by ATP, carbachol, or ionomycin, and uptake through these two carrier-mediated transporters accounted for 50% of the ATP-promoted Na+ influx. The remainder may be due to a nonselective cation channel and an ATP-gated cation channel that is also permeable to Ca2+. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Devising a Structural Equation Model of Relationships between Preservice Teachers' Time and Study Environment Management, Effort Regulation, Self-Efficacy, Control of Learning Beliefs, and Metacognitive Self-Regulation.

The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between preservice teachers' time and study environment management, effort regulation, self-efficacy beliefs, control of learning beliefs and metacognitive self-regulation. This study also investigates the direct and indirect effects of metacognitive self- regulation on time and study environment management. Data from 506 preservice teachers was obtained using the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). The results of the study showed that a positive and significant correlation existed between the variables of control of learning beliefs and metacognitive self-regulation; self-efficacy beliefs and metacognitive self- regulation; metacognitive self-regulation and time and study environment management; time and study environment management and effort regulation; metacognitive self-regulation and effort regulation. In addition to the direct effect of metacognitive self-regulation on time and study environment management, there was also an indirect effect through effort regulation.
Why articles are retracted: a retrospective cross-sectional study of retraction notices at BioMed Central

Objectives To assess why articles are retracted from BioMed Central journals, whether retraction notices adhered to the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines, and are becoming more frequent as a proportion of published articles. Design/setting Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 134 retractions from January 2000 to December 2015. Results 134 retraction notices were published during this timeframe. Although they account for 0.07% of all articles published (190 514 excluding supplements, corrections, retractions and commissioned content), the rate of retraction is rising. COPE guidelines on retraction were adhered to in that an explicit reason for each retraction was given. However, some notices did not document who retracted the article (eight articles, 6%) and others were unclear whether the underlying cause was honest error or misconduct (15 articles, 11%). The largest proportion of notices was issued by the authors (47 articles, 35%). The majority of retractions were due to some form of misconduct (102 articles, 76%), that is, compromised peer review (44 articles, 33%), plagiarism (22 articles, 16%) and data falsification/fabrication (10 articles, 7%). Honest error accounted for 17 retractions (13%) of which 10 articles (7%) were published in error. The median number of days from publication to retraction was 337.5 days. Conclusions The most common reason to retract was compromised peer review. However, the majority of these cases date to March 2015 and appear to be the result of a systematic attempt to manipulate peer review across several publishers. Retractions due to plagiarism account for the second largest category and may be reduced by screening manuscripts before publication although this is not guaranteed. Retractions due to problems with the data may be reduced by appropriate data sharing and deposition before publication. Adopting a checklist (linked to COPE guidelines) and templates for various classes of retraction notices would increase transparency of retraction notices in future.
Vertebral Osteomyelitis

Copyright © 2010 Massachusetts Medical Society. A 57-year-old man presents with fever, chills, and new lumbar back pain 2 weeks after undergoing a prostate biopsy because of an increased prostate-specific antigen level. His temperature is 39.7°C; he has an enlarged, tender prostate and lumbar spine tenderness. His white-cell count is 9100 per cubic millimeter, and the C-reactive protein level is 343 mg per liter. Urine and blood cultures reveal multidrug-resistant, extendedspectrum β-lactamase–producing Escherichia coli susceptible to imipenem. How should he be evaluated and treated?
Risk stratification of patients with left atrial appendage thrombus prior to catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: An approach towards an individualized use of transesophageal echocardiography

The need for transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) before catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (CA‐AF) is still being questioned. The aim of this study is to analyze patients’ (patients) risk factors of left atrial appendage thrombus (LAAT) prior to CA‐AF in daily clinical practice, according to oral anticoagulation (OAC) strategies recommended by current guidelines.
Identifying and distinguishing cases of parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease using ICD‐9 CM codes and pharmacy data

Administrative databases have the potential to assess quality and cost of care for parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease. However, the validity of findings is limited by our understanding of how cases are identified. Patient records listing International Classification of Diseases, Version 9, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9 CM) codes for parkinsonism (n = 2,076) and dopaminergic medications (n = 2,798) were pulled from fiscal years 1999 to 2001 for patients in the Pacific Northwest Veterans Administration. Samples of these records (n = 397) and records without these ICD‐9 CM codes (n = 500) were reviewed, and clinical data were extracted. The accuracy of administrative data to identify and distinguish between Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism was calculated. A total of 37.9% of parkinsonism cases were detected using pharmacy data and ICD‐9 CM codes compared to 18.7% by using ICD‐9 CM codes alone. The ICD‐9 CM code for paralysis agitans (332.0) did not distinguish between probable Parkinson's disease and other causes of parkinsonism, whereas the ICD‐9 CM code for degenerative basal ganglia disorder (333.0) predicted having secondary parkinsonism (odds ratio [OR] = 5.0) as well as dopa‐responsiveness in patients without secondary parkinsonism (OR = 4.5). Administrative data are limited in the ability to identify parkinsonism. The ICD‐9 CM code, 332.0, which is generally considered the code to identify Parkinson's disease, did not distinguish between parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Combined Drug Action of 2-Phenylimidazo[2,1-b]Benzothiazole Derivatives on Cancer Cells According to Their Oncogenic Molecular Signatures

The development of targeted molecular therapies has provided remarkable advances into the treatment of human cancers. However, in most tumors the selective pressure triggered by anticancer agents encourages cancer cells to acquire resistance mechanisms. The generation of new rationally designed targeting agents acting on the oncogenic path(s) at multiple levels is a promising approach for molecular therapies. 2-phenylimidazo[2,1-b]benzothiazole derivatives have been highlighted for their properties of targeting oncogenic Met receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling. In this study, we evaluated the mechanism of action of one of the most active imidazo[2,1-b]benzothiazol-2-ylphenyl moiety-based agents, Triflorcas, on a panel of cancer cells with distinct features. We show that Triflorcas impairs in vitro and in vivo tumorigenesis of cancer cells carrying Met mutations. Moreover, Triflorcas hampers survival and anchorage-independent growth of cancer cells characterized by “RTK swapping” by interfering with PDGFRβ phosphorylation. A restrained effect of Triflorcas on metabolic genes correlates with the absence of major side effects in vivo. Mechanistically, in addition to targeting Met, Triflorcas alters phosphorylation levels of the PI3K-Akt pathway, mediating oncogenic dependency to Met, in addition to Retinoblastoma and nucleophosmin/B23, resulting in altered cell cycle progression and mitotic failure. Our findings show how the unusual binding plasticity of the Met active site towards structurally different inhibitors can be exploited to generate drugs able to target Met oncogenic dependency at distinct levels. Moreover, the disease-oriented NCI Anticancer Drug Screen revealed that Triflorcas elicits a unique profile of growth inhibitory-responses on cancer cell lines, indicating a novel mechanism of drug action. The anti-tumor activity elicited by 2-phenylimidazo[2,1-b]benzothiazole derivatives through combined inhibition of distinct effectors in cancer cells reveal them to be promising anticancer agents for further investigation.
Process model comparison and transferability across bioreactor scales and modes of operation for a mammalian cell bioprocess

A Monod kinetic model, logistic equation model, and statistical regression model were developed for a Chinese hamster ovary cell bioprocess operated under three different modes of operation (batch, bolus fed‐batch, and continuous fed‐batch) and grown on two different bioreactor scales (3 L bench‐top and 15 L pilot‐scale). The Monod kinetic model was developed for all modes of operation under study and predicted cell density, glucose glutamine, lactate, and ammonia concentrations well for the bioprocess. However, it was computationally demanding due to the large number of parameters necessary to produce a good model fit. The transferability of the Monod kinetic model structure and parameter set across bioreactor scales and modes of operation was investigated and a parameter sensitivity analysis performed. The experimentally determined parameters had the greatest influence on model performance. They changed with scale and mode of operation, but were easily calculated. The remaining parameters, which were fitted using a differential evolutionary algorithm, were not as crucial. Logistic equation and statistical regression models were investigated as alternatives to the Monod kinetic model. They were less computationally intensive to develop due to the absence of a large parameter set. However, modeling of the nutrient and metabolite concentrations proved to be troublesome due to the logistic equation model structure and the inability of both models to incorporate a feed. The complexity, computational load, and effort required for model development has to be balanced with the necessary level of model sophistication when choosing which model type to develop for a particular application. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 2013
Towards a Practice Turn in EU Studies: The Everyday of European Integration

This article explores how practice theory can be recruited for the study of European integration. New generations of EU researchers are fascinated by the prospect of leaving the armchair and studying the people and artefacts that make the EU on an everyday level. This article surveys key practice-oriented, anthropological and micro-sociological studies of the EU and European integration and shows how their findings challenge more traditional understandings of the dynamics of European integration. Moving beyond a stock-taking, the article distinguishes between ‘ordering’ and ‘disordering’ practices and explores the potential of a practice turn in EU studies for both theory (overcoming dualism, replacing substantialism with processualism and rethinking power) and methods (including unstructured interviews, fieldwork and participant observation). A practice turn will force us to rethink core assumptions about the EU and allow us to grasp otherwise uncharted performances and social activities that are crucial for European integration.
Testosterone’s Negative Relationship With Empathic Accuracy and Perceived Leadership Ability

Two studies examine the relationship between naturally occurring levels of circulating testosterone and empathic accuracy. In Study 1, the authors find that higher endogenous levels of testosterone are negatively related to the accuracy with which people infer the thoughts and feelings of others. In Study 2, the authors use 360 data collected in the field to show that individuals with higher levels of endogenous testosterone are evaluated by their real-world professional colleagues as functioning with lower levels of empathic accuracy. Furthermore, the authors report evidence that this negative relationship between testosterone and perceived empathic accuracy has downstream consequences for perceptions of one’s leadership skills and abilities.
Psycholinguistic Ambiance of Short Stories in Enhancing Students’ Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary Power

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of short stories on students’ reading comprehension, vocabulary power and attitude towards the skill and the new instructional materials. The participants of the study were 120 grade 9 students of Dilla Secondary and preparatory school. In order to gather data for the study, preand posttest of reading comprehension, pre and post test for vocabulary power and questionnaire were used. The students were placed in experimental and control conditions for the purpose of comparing the mean difference between the two groups. The study followed a quasi experimental design, i.e. pretest/posttest control group experimental design. The study employed statistical techniques to analyze the data obtained from reading comprehension tests and vocabulary tests. To this effect, a 2-tailed independent samples t-test and repeated measures t-test were used respectively to examine if the reading tests and vocabulary tests mean differences between and within groups were statistically significant. The findings revealed that teaching reading skills through short stories is more effective than teaching through the passages prepared at the Ministry, and has a positive impact on students’ academic achievement in reading and vocabulary power.