Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Principles of crisis management revisited: the Bank of England in the 1970s

The relationship between central banks and the financial sector has received renewed attention following the global financial crisis that started in 2007. This thesis represents an attempt to shed further light on this relationship by looking at the Bank of England’s relationship with the British financial sector in the 1970s - a decade that saw the return of financial volatility and crises. While the previous literature on this period has focused on explaining the causes and build-up to the increase in volatility and crises, the approach taken in this thesis is more analytical. This is done by looking at the role, implementation and effect of the Bank of England’s crisis management policies. To tackle these issues, I use quantitative methods, such as non-Normal option pricing models and time series econometrics, on the one hand and qualitative data looking at the institutions involved on the other. As such, the thesis benefits from a multitude of primary data sources, including the Bank of England Archives, the National Archives and the archives of the largest financial institutions of the time. The main conclusion of the thesis is that the Bank of England’s attempts to stabilize the financial system at times of turbulence were more costly than has previously been argued in the literature. As such, the Bank in all likelihood underpriced its assistance to the financial system. Channels of interconnectedness are also documented with no evidence found of increased interdependence during crises. Finally, a closer look at the Bank’s rescue operations during the crisis shows the extent to which its staff was unprepared to tackle the issues involved and had neglected issues of financial stability in the lead up to the crisis.
A Test of the Influence of Bank Loans on Capital Structure in the UK

This study examines the influence of information asymmetry on the degree of reliance on bank loans and the effect of the degree of reliance on bank loans on capital structure in the UK. While the results obtained support the notion that information asymmetry is a major cause of reliance on bank loans, they contradict the US evidence reported by Johnson (1998) which shows that bank loans enhance capital structure. However, the results are consistent with the implication of capital structure theories that the source of debt is not an important part of the capital structure decision. The results also agree with the suggestion of Rajan and Zingales (1995) that there are some differences between the financing practices of firms in the US and the UK.
Strong Taylor approximation of stochastic differential equations and application to the L\'evy LIBOR model

In this article we develop a method for the strong approximation of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) driven by L\'evy processes or general semimartingales. The main ingredients of our method is the perturbation of the SDE and the Taylor expansion of the resulting parameterized curve. We apply this method to develop strong approximation schemes for LIBOR market models. In particular, we derive fast and precise algorithms for the valuation of derivatives in LIBOR models which are more tractable than the simulation of the full SDE. A numerical example for the L\'evy LIBOR model illustrates our method.
Automating Plot-Level Stem Analysis from Terrestrial Laser Scanning

Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) provides an accurate means of analyzing individual tree attributes, and can be extended to plots using multiple TLS scans. However, multiple TLS scans may reduce the effectiveness of individual tree structure quantification, often due to understory occupation, mutual tree occlusion, and other influences. The procedure to delineate accurate tree attributes from plot scans involves onerous steps and automated integration is challenging in the literature. This study proposes a fully automatic approach composed of ground filtering, stem detection, and stem form extraction algorithms, with emphasis on accuracy and feasibility. The delineated attributes can be useful to analyze terrain, tree biomass and fiber quality. The automation was experimented on a mature pine plot in Finland with both single scan (SS) and multiple scans (MS) datasets. With mensuration as reference, digital terrain models (DTM), stem locations, diameters at breast height (DBHs), stem heights, and stem forms of the whole plot were extracted and validated. Results of this study were best using the multiple scans (MS) dataset, where 76% of stems were detected (n = 49). Height extraction accuracy was 0.68 (r2) and 1.7 m (RMSE), and DBH extraction accuracy was 0.97 (r2) and 0.90 cm (RMSE). Height-wise stem diameter extraction accuracy was 0.76 (r2) and 2.4 cm (RMSE).
Language Practices in Social Work: Categorisation and Accountability in Child Welfare

1. Introduction 2. Categorisation and Accountability in Professional Texts and Talk 3. Collegial Communication in Policy Review Interviews 4. Inter-professional Decision-making in a Case Conference 5. Negotiating Roles in a Home Visit 6. Reporting Events in Case Notes 7. The Client's Account of a Social Work Intervention 8. Justifying Action in a Public Inquiry 9. Narrative Transformation in Media Reporting 10. Conclusion
Housing Careers of Families with Housing Choice Vouchers: Interpretation with the Housing Adjustment Theory

Abstract To better understand residential mobility of low-income working families, this study is framed by the Morris and Winter theory of housing adjustment. We describe participants’ housing careers and examine how vouchers, as a resource, influence housing decisions. The study describes perceptions of normative housing deficits before and after receiving a voucher among 17 households in the Saint Paul, Minnesota metropolitan area. Findings suggest that while participants evaluate their housing relative to cultural housing norms, they are often unable to resolve all housing deficits with a voucher. Households make trade-offs, focusing on resolving deficits of greatest importance. This research provides a contemporary application of the housing adjustment theory through analysis of mobility decisions of low-income households. The findings support prior research that the most powerful family preference is for housing in a safe neighborhood. Vouchers help them maintain safe housing, although interpersonal relationship issues continue to influence housing stability.
A Novel Robotic Task for Assessing Impairments in Bimanual Coordination Post-Stroke

Background: Bimanual tasks are integral to the performance of many activities of daily living, but impairments in bimanual coordination following stroke are not well quantified with existing clinical tools. Objective: The current study outlines a novel robotic task for the objective and quantitative assessment of bimanual impairment following stroke. Methods: We developed a robotic, bimanual assessment task using the KINARM robot. The task involved moving a virtual ball on a bar linking the two hands, to targets displayed using a virtual reality system. Seventy-five healthy control participants and 23 participants with sub-acute stroke were assessed using the task. Task performance of participants with stroke was compared with the healthy control group, as well as to standard clinical tests (Chedoke- McMaster Stroke Assessment (CMSA) arm and hand, Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Behavioural Inattention Test (BIT)). Results: A range of impairments in bimanual task performance was found for participants with stroke. As a group, 85% of participants with stroke had impairments on more task parameters than 95% of healthy controls. Participants with stroke commonly displayed impairments in task success (fewer targets hit); movement metrics (slower movement speed) and bimanual coordination (larger difference in reaction time between hands, greater number of speed peaks with unaffected versus affected limb and greater absolute tilt of the bar). Overall performance of the robotic task (total number of parameters ‘failed’) was significantly correlated with motor performance scores (CMSA, r=-0.6) and strongly correlated with measures of functional ability (FIM motor, r=-0.8). Conclusions: A robotic bimanual task can identify impairments in a population of stroke participants and provides a quantitative measure of bimanual coordination.
Editor's Choice Confusion of Confusions: A Test of the Disposition Effect and Momentum

Using investor-level data, I document that the disposition effect is absent following a stock split; inattentive investors may fail to split-adjust their reference point, confusing the winner versus loser status of their holdings. Consistent with the disposition effect impeding the incorporation of news, ex-date returns are significantly higher for split stocks with higher gains. However, the magnitude is small relative to momentum, and momentum remains robustly present among this sample of stocks void of the disposition effect. The results suggest that the disposition effect may slow the incorporation of news, but not to the extent that it alone explains momentum.
A 90GHz-carrier 30GHz-bandwidth hybrid switching transmitter with integrated antenna

There is considerable interest in wideband pulse modulation at mm-Wave frequencies for application in radar and medical imaging systems [1,2]. Accuracy and resolution in these respective systems are determined by the minimum pulse width (PW). PWs down to 300ps have previously been reported for 24/79GHz carrier frequencies [1,3]. This paper presents the design of the first pulse-based transmitter with integrated antenna to achieve sub-100ps PWs at mm-Wave frequencies in silicon. The transmitter generates variable measured PWs in the range of 35 to 376ps. To obtain this performance, hybrid PA/antenna switching has been explored in combination with high-speed digital switching circuitry.
Descriptive drinking norms: For whom does reference group matter?

OBJECTIVE Perceived descriptive drinking norms often differ from actual norms and are positively related to personal consumption. However, it is not clear how normative perceptions vary with specificity of the reference group. Are drinking norms more accurate and more closely related to drinking behavior as reference group specificity increases? Do these relationships vary as a function of participant demographics? The present study examined the relationship between perceived descriptive norms and drinking behavior by ethnicity (Asian or White), sex, and fraternity/sorority status. METHOD Participants were 2,699 (58% female) White (75%) or Asian (25%) undergraduates from two universities who reported their own alcohol use and perceived descriptive norms for eight reference groups: "typical student"; same sex, ethnicity, or fraternity/sorority status; and all combinations of these three factors. RESULTS Participants generally reported the highest perceived norms for the most distal reference group (typical student), with perceptions becoming more accurate as individuals' similarity to the reference group increased. Despite increased accuracy, participants perceived that all reference groups drank more than was actually the case. Across specific subgroups (fraternity/sorority members and men) different patterns emerged. Fraternity/sorority members reliably reported higher estimates of drinking for reference groups that included fraternity/ sorority status, and, to a lesser extent, men reported higher estimates for reference groups that included men. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that interventions targeting normative misperceptions may need to provide feedback based on participant demography or group membership. Although reference group-specific feedback may be important for some subgroups, typical student feedback provides the largest normative discrepancy for the majority of students.
African American Urban History since World War II

Historians have devoted surprisingly little attention to African American urban history of the postwar period, especially compared with earlier decades. Correcting this imbalance, "African American Urban History Since World War II" features an exciting mix of seasoned scholars and fresh new voices whose combined efforts provide the first comprehensive assessment of this important subject. The first of this volume's five groundbreaking sections focuses on black migration and Latino immigration, examining tensions and alliances that emerged between African Americans and other groups. Exploring the challenges of residential segregation and deindustrialization, later sections tackle such topics as the real estate industry's discriminatory practices, the movement of middle-class blacks to the suburbs, and the influence of black urban activists on national employment and social welfare policies. Another group of contributors examines these themes through the lens of gender, chronicling deindustrialization's disproportionate impact on women and women's leading roles in movements for social change. Concluding with a set of essays on black culture and consumption, this volume fully realizes its goal of linking local transformations with the national and global processes that affect urban class and race relations.
Pricing communication networks - economics, technology and modelling

Preface.List of Acronyms.A: NETWORKS.Pricing and Communications Networks.Network Services and Contracts.Network Technology.Network Constraints and Effective Bandwidths.B: ECONOMICS.Basic Concepts.Competition Models.C: PRICING.Cost-based Pricing.Charging Guaranteed Services.Congestion. Charging Flexible Contracts.D: SPECIAL TOPICS.Multicasting. Interconnection.Regulation. Auctions.Appendix A: Lagrangian Methods for Constrained Optimization.Appendix B: Convergence of Tatonnement.References. Index.
The Entrepreneurial Role of the State and SME Growth in Vietnam

Since the introduction of ‘Doi Moi (economic transition) of the economic transition to socialist market economy in 1980s, the business environment in Vietnam has improved significantly. This paper examines the extent to which Vietnam’s policies support the development of market principles for the growth of SMEs and assesses issues of the sustainability of the measures engaged by the government. The qualitative interview approach applied a conceptual framework of ‘enabling’ and ‘hindering’ factors to the relationship between the state and the market, and the impact on SME development. The findings indicate that where defective market factors and inadequate institutional support mechanisms are evident, it is vital that the state pursues a more entrepreneurial role to facilitate the development of SMEs. Further, the social networks and private credit for the development of SMEs in the early stages of Vietnam’s journey towards a market economy still plays a key role.
dendritic-cell subsets Functional specialization of human circulating CD 16 and CD 1 c myeloid

http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/content/109/12/5371.full. html Updated information and services can be found at: (4939 articles) Immunobiology  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following Blood collections http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/site/misc/rights.xhtml#repub_requests Information about reproducing this article in parts or in its entirety may be found online at: http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/site/misc/rights.xhtml#reprints Information about ordering reprints may be found online at: http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/site/subscriptions/index.xhtml Information about subscriptions and ASH membership may be found online at:
Decomposition of Conditional Variance Persistence through Frequency-Domain Markov Chains

Abstract A Markov-switching (MS) approach is applied here to identify news with different intensity, such as weak but persistent shocks and apparently stronger shocks whose effects turn out to taper off and fade quicker. Hypotheses, indications and inference problems of time-domain MS models are reviewed. A three-step procedure for volatility persistence decomposition is formulated. Based on ad hoc MS specifications and related conditional probabilities, the aim is to examine time series properties of variables in levels, identify cut-off points in the spectrum of an efficient estimator of volatility, and construct time-varying weights for a component GARCH. The procedure is applied to 1989-2004 daily prices of two commodities. Phases of positive price performance tend to be steeper, deeper and less persistent than the opposite occurrences. The cocoa price undergoes relatively higher and more unstable volatility persistence, but this result is partly influenced by the modelling of a fourth regime in the coffee price series. Variance decomposition does not prove to strengthen the forecasting capacity of GARCH modelling.
The take-up of Income Support by pensioners: estimates from POLIMOD using the Family Resources Survey

The non take-up of means-tested benefits by pensioners has been of concern in the UK for some time. It will become all the more important to measure and to understand with the introduction of the means-tested Pension Credit in October 2003, to which about half of all pensioners are expected to be entitled. This note provides estimates of take-up of Income Support (IS) by pensioners using the 1999/2000 Family Resources Survey (FRS). 2 Information on amounts of benefit received is taken directly from the survey and estimates of entitlement are calculated using the tax-benefit model POLIMOD (Redmond et al., 1998). A particular focus is on the differences in rates of entitlement and rates of take-up by pensioners in different circumstances. Are younger pensioners less likely to be entitled? Are older pensioners more likely to take-up their entitlements? If pensioners live in households with non-pensioner adults are they more or less likely to take up IS?
The Completeness and Reliability of Threshold and False-discovery Rate Source Extraction Algorithms for Compact Continuum Sources

Abstract The process of determining the number and characteristics of sources in astronomical images is so fundamental to a large range of astronomical problems that it is perhaps surprising that no standard procedure has ever been defined that has well-understood properties with a high degree of statistical rigour on completeness and reliability. The Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU) survey with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP), a continuum survey of the Southern Hemisphere up to declination +30°, aims to utilise an automated source identification and measurement approach that is demonstrably optimal, to maximise the reliability, utility and robustness of the resulting radio source catalogues. A key stage in source extraction methods is the background estimation (background level and noise level) and the choice of a threshold high enough to reject false sources, yet not so high that the catalogues are significantly incomplete. In this analysis, we present results from testing the SExtractor, Selavy (Duchamp), and SFIND source extraction tools on simulated data. In particular, the effects of background estimation, threshold and false-discovery rate settings are explored. For parameters that give similar completeness, we find the false-discovery rate method employed by SFIND results in a more reliable catalogue compared to the peak threshold methods of SExtractor and Selavy.
Efficacy and Safety of Tamsulosin for the Treatment of Non-neurogenic Voiding Dysfunction in Females: A 8-Week Prospective Study

We evaluated the therapeutic effects of tamsulosin for women with non-neurogenic voiding dysfunction. Women who had voiding dysfunctions for at least 3 months were included. Inclusion criteria were age ≥18 yr, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) of ≥15, and maximum flow rate (Qmax) of ≥12 mL/sec and/or postvoid residuals (PVR) of ≥150 mL. Patients with neurogenic voiding dysfunction or anatomical bladder outlet obstruction were excluded. All patients were classified according to the Blaivas-Groutz nomogram as having no or mild obstruction (group A) or moderate or severe obstruction (group B). After 8 weeks of treatment, treatment outcomes and adverse effects were evaluated. One hundred and six patients were evaluable (70 in group A, 36 in group B). After treatments, mean IPSS, bother scores, Qmax, PVR, diurnal and nocturnal micturition frequencies and scored form of the Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms questionnaire (BFLUTS-SF) were changed significantly. Eighty-nine patients (84%) reported that the treatment was beneficial. The proportion of patients reported that their bladder symptoms caused "moderate to many severe problems" were significantly decreased. No significant difference were observed between the groups in terms of IPSS, bother score, Qmax, PVR, micturition frequency, and BFLUTS-SF changes. Adverse effects related to medication were dizziness (n=3), de novo stress urinary incontinence (SUI) (n=3), aggravation of underlying SUI (n=1), fatigue (n=1). Tamsulosin was found to be effective in female patients with voiding dysfunction regardless of obstruction grade.
Origins of increasing returns

Acknowledgment.Introduction. Part I: Searching for Increasing Returns:1. On Investing in Specialized Human Capital to Attain Increasing returns.2. On Economic History in Extending Economics.3. The Value of the Ability to Deal with Disequilibria.4. Increase in the Value of Human Time.Part II: Less Dependency on Natural Resourses:5. The Declining Economic Importance of Agricultural Land.6. Connections Between Natural Resources and Increase in Income.7. Land in Economic Growth.Part III: Augmenting Resources by Organizing Research:8. Value of Research and Endogenous Agricultural Technology.9. Politics and Economics of Research.10. Diatortions of Economic Research.11. Economic Policy Research for Agriculture.12. Entrepreneurship in Organized Research.Part IV: Origins of Modern Agriculture:13. Modernizing Traditional Agriculture.14. Economics, Agriculture, and the Political Economy.15. Efficient Allocation of Brains in Modernizing World Agriculture.16. Economics of Agricultural Productivity in Low Income countries.17. The Changing Economy and the Family.Part V: Government, Economics and Politics:18. Role of Government in Promoting Increases in Income.19. Tensions between Economics and Politics.20. Improving the Quality of Inputs.21. Specialization and the Huamn Capital Approach to Economic Growth.22. Self-Appraisal.23. The Bottom Lines.Index.
Creating Rhetorical Stability in Corporate University Discourse

Written communication scholarship has shown that successful social change requires discursive stability. This study was designed to investigate how this stability is created. Critical discourse analysis of 30 corporate university articles investigated claims authors made about the expansion of market-based values into contexts of organizational learning and academic higher education. In total, 243 claims were examined for uses of modality, hedging, presupposition, and the progressive aspect. Results claim that articles used modality, hedging, and the progressive aspect to create strategic ambiguity that was resolved ideologically through presuppositions that reflect the assumptions of “the new capitalism. ” Results indicate that discursive stability is not solely a semantic issue but may occur pragmatically and syntactically as texts are structured to displace existing knowledge within contested spaces. Results also indicate that a heavy reliance on pragmatic features may characterize technologized texts, texts designed to create social change without input, democratic participation, or consensus building.