Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Airport separations: A naturalistic study of adult attachment dynamics in separating couples.

Couple members separating and not separating from each other in a public airport completed a questionnaire designed to assess relationship length, attachment style, and degree of subjective distress. After they completed these measures, their attachment behavior was observed unobtrusively. Analyses suggested that adult attachment behavior is organized in a manner similar to that observed in children. Relationship length and separation status were associated with the expression of attachment behavior in adults. Analyses also indicated that women with Anxious working models were more likely to experience distress prior to a separation. But the behavioral strategies exhibited by women varied as a function of Avoidant, not Anxious, working models. Results for men were less clear. Implications for adult attachment theory and research are discussed. Throughout the history of attachment research, naturalistic studies have been regarded as an important source of information about the dynamics of attachment relationships (Colin, 1996). When John Bowlby (1969/1982) originally formulated his theory of infant- caregiver attachment, he relied heavily on naturalistic studies of infants who had been separated from their mothers (Bowlby, Robertson, & Rosenbluth, 1952; Heinicke & Westheimer, 1965; Robertson & Robertson, 1971). Similarly, his colleague Mary Ainsworth devoted considerable effort to studying child-caregiver interactions in their natural context. In her early research, she collected observational and ethnographic data on infant-mother dyads in Uganda (Ainsworth, 1967). Later, in Baltimore, she and her colleagues conducted one of the most extensive home observational studies to date on infant-mother interactions (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978). These and other observational studies (Anderson, 1972; Carr, Dabbs, & Carr, 1975; Grossmann, Grossmann, Spangler, Suess, & Unzner, 1985; Marvin, VanDevender, Iwanaga, LeVine, & LeVine, 1977) are valuable because they provide important insights into the nature and function of attachment behavior and the dynamics of affectional relationships. In the last decade, an increasing number of researchers have applied attachment theory to adult romantic relationships (see Feeney & Noller, 1996, for a review). However, unlike research on infant-caregi ver attachment, very little of the romantic attachment research has been based on observations of couples
ENERGY TRANSFER IN TRIMERIC C‐PHYCOCYANIN STUDIED BY PICOSECOND FLUORESCENCE KINETICS

Abstract— The excited state kinetics of trimeric C‐phycocyanin from Mastigocladus laminosus has been measured as a function of the emission and excitation wavelength by the single‐photon timing technique with picosecond resolution and simultaneous data analysis. A fast decay component of 22 ps (C‐phycocyanin with linker peptides) and 36 ps (C‐phycocyanin lacking linker peptides) is attributed to efficient energy transfer from sensitizing to fluorescing chromophores. At long detection wavelengths the fast decay components are found to turn into a rise term. This finding further corroborates the concept of intramolecular energy transfer. Previous reports on the conformational heterogeneity of the chromophores and/or proteins in C‐phycocyanin are confirmed. Our data also provide indications for the importance of the uncoloured linker peptides for this heterogeneity.
Compensating Level-Dependent Frequency Representation in Auditory Cortex by Synaptic Integration of Corticocortical Input

Robust perception of auditory objects over a large range of sound intensities is a fundamental feature of the auditory system. However, firing characteristics of single neurons across the entire auditory system, like the frequency tuning, can change significantly with stimulus intensity. Physiological correlates of level-constancy of auditory representations hence should be manifested on the level of larger neuronal assemblies or population patterns. In this study we have investigated how information of frequency and sound level is integrated on the circuit-level in the primary auditory cortex (AI) of the Mongolian gerbil. We used a combination of pharmacological silencing of corticocortically relayed activity and laminar current source density (CSD) analysis. Our data demonstrate that with increasing stimulus intensities progressively lower frequencies lead to the maximal impulse response within cortical input layers at a given cortical site inherited from thalamocortical synaptic inputs. We further identified a temporally precise intercolumnar synaptic convergence of early thalamocortical and horizontal corticocortical inputs. Later tone-evoked activity in upper layers showed a preservation of broad tonotopic tuning across sound levels without shifts towards lower frequencies. Synaptic integration within corticocortical circuits may hence contribute to a level-robust representation of auditory information on a neuronal population level in the auditory cortex.
New radiative transfer models for obscuring tori in active galaxies

Two-dimensional radiative transfer is employed to obtain the broad-band infrared spectrum of active galaxies. In the models we vary the geometry and size of the obscuring medium, the surface density, the opacity and the grain size distribution. Resulting spectral energy distributions are constructed for different orientations of the toroid. Colour-colour comparisons with observational data are consistent with previous observations that the emission longward of 60 mum is produced by star-formation and unrelated to the presence of an obscuring torus. We also find that the toroid cannot be flat, but is rather conical or flaring. The density is most likely constant with radius, and the size is relatively large with an inner radius around 10 pc. A direct comparison with radio galaxy Cygnus A yields a best fit for a conical disk with constant surface density, and a size from 10 to 30 pc, assuming the far-infrared emission is due to star-formation in the host galaxy.
Validation of the DECAF score to predict hospital mortality in acute exacerbations of COPD

Background Hospitalisation due to acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) is common, and subsequent mortality high. The DECAF score was derived for accurate prediction of mortality and risk stratification to inform patient care. We aimed to validate the DECAF score, internally and externally, and to compare its performance to other predictive tools. Methods The study took place in the two hospitals within the derivation study (internal validation) and in four additional hospitals (external validation) between January 2012 and May 2014. Consecutive admissions were identified by screening admissions and searching coding records. Admission clinical data, including DECAF indices, and mortality were recorded. The prognostic value of DECAF and other scores were assessed by the area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) curve. Results In the internal and external validation cohorts, 880 and 845 patients were recruited. Mean age was 73.1 (SD 10.3) years, 54.3% were female, and mean (SD) FEV1 45.5 (18.3) per cent predicted. Overall mortality was 7.7%. The DECAF AUROC curve for inhospital mortality was 0.83 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.87) in the internal cohort and 0.82 (95% CI 0.77 to 0.87) in the external cohort, and was superior to other prognostic scores for inhospital or 30-day mortality. Conclusions DECAF is a robust predictor of mortality, using indices routinely available on admission. Its generalisability is supported by consistent strong performance; it can identify low-risk patients (DECAF 0–1) potentially suitable for Hospital at Home or early supported discharge services, and high-risk patients (DECAF 3–6) for escalation planning or appropriate early palliation. Trial registration number UKCRN ID 14214.
A hybrid feature selection method for data sets of thousands of variables

Feature selection has become the focus of research areas of applications with datasets of thousands of variables. In this study we present a hybrid feature selection (HFS) method that adopts both filter and wrapper models of feature subset selection. In the first stage of the feature selection, we use the filter model to rank the features by the mutual information (MI) between each feature and each class, and then choose k highest relevant features to the classes. In the second stage, we complete a wrapper model based feature selection algorithm, which uses Shepley value to evaluate the contribution of features to the classification task in a feature subset. Experimental results show obviously that the HFS method obtains better classification performance than solo Shepley value based or solo MI based feature selection method.
Okul Öncesi Eğitime Devam Eden 5-6 Yaş Çocuklarına Verilen Değerler Eğitimine İlişkin Öğretmen Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi / The Examination of Teachers’ View Concerning Values Education for 5-6 Year Old Preschoolers

Bu calismanin amaci okul oncesi egitime devam eden 5-6 yas cocuklara verilen degerler egitimine iliskin ogretmen goruslerini incelemektir. Okul oncesi ogretmenlerinin degerler egitimine yonelik goruslerini belirlemek amaciyla, nitel arastirma yontemlerinden durum calismasi yontemi kullanilmis, veriler yari yapilandirilmis gorusme formu ile toplanmistir. Calismaya 15 okul oncesi ogretmeni katilmistir. Calismanin sonucunda, ogretmenler degerler egitimi uygulamalarinda en cok beyin firtinasi yontemini uyguladiklarini, materyal olarak oyuncak kullandiklarini ve etkinlik olarak da oyun etkinligini tercih ettiklerini belirtmislerdir. Cocuklara en cok sevgi ve yardimlasma degerlerinin ogretildigi, degerler egitiminden en cok sosyal duygusal alanin etkilendigi ve oyun yonteminin alternatif degerlendirme yontemi olarak kullanildigi bulgusuna ulasilmistir. Ogretmenlerin cogunlugunun degerler egitimine yonelik bir egitim almadigi gorulmustur. Okul oncesi donemin onemi dusunuldugunde, degerler egitimi uzerine niceliksel olarak daha fazla calismalarin yapilmasinin gerektigi dusunulmektedir. Bu calismalar cocuklarin, ogretmenlerin, ailelerin ve okul oncesi egitimi ilgilendiren tum kurum ve kisilerin gorus, beklenti ve ihtiyaclarini ele alan yapida olmalidir. Degerler egitimi konusunda ogretmenlere hizmet ici egitimler, seminerler veya kurslar verilerek ogretmenlerin bu konudaki yetkinlikleri gelistirilebilir.
Learning Deep Representations Using Convolutional Auto-Encoders with Symmetric Skip Connections

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown their power on many computer vision tasks. However, there are still some limitations, including their sensitivity to weight initialization and dependency to large scale labeled data. In this paper, we try to address these two problems by proposing a simple yet powerful CNN based denoising auto-encoder network which can be trained end-to-end in an unsupervised manner. The network architecture we use is a fully convolutional auto-encoder with symmetric encoder-decoder connections. The proposed method can not only reconstruct clean images from corrupted ones, but also learn abstract image representation through the reconstruction training. The encoder part of the network can be a good all-convolution network for classification. With the help of unsupervised pre-training, it achieves very competitive results even without extra unlabeled data. Further more, we show experimentally that our network also performs well in semi -supervised learning tasks.
HITS' Monolingual and Cross-lingual Entity Linking System at TAC 2012: A Joint Approach

This paper presents HITS’ system for monolingual and cross-lingual entity linking at TAC 2012. We propose a joint system for entity disambiguation, recognition of NILs and clustering using Markov Logic. The proposed model (1) is global, i.e. a group of mentions in a text is disambiguated in one single step combining various global and local features, and (2) performs disambiguation, unknown entity detection and clustering jointly. The model for all languages is exclusively trained on English Wikipedia articles. The results achieved in the TAC monolingual and cross-lingual entity linking tasks show that our approach is competitive: our best English run achieves 8.5 percent points above median, while we outperformed all other participating systems in the Chinese cross-lingual subtask. The results for the Spanish subtask are lower due to a bug. Our unofficial Spanish results (after fixing the bug) are close to the ones of the best system.
Cross country variations in the impact of schooling on growth: some simple tests on obvious modifications *

A stent having a polymeric coating for controllably releasing an included active agent. The polymeric coating includes a blend of a first polymeric material, which if alone, would release the agent at a first, higher rate, and a second polymeric material, which if alone would release the agent at a second, lower rate over a longer time period. One stent coating utilizes a faster releasing hydrophilic polymeric material and a slower releasing hydrophobic material. One stent coating includes a blend of a faster releasing PLA-PEO copolymer and a slower releasing PLA-PCL copolymer. One active agent is Taxol. One use of the Taxol delivering stent is to inhibit restenosis following angioplasty.
Agnosia for Object Orientation: Naming and Mental Rotation Evidence

We have previously reported the performance of a patient (NL) who could recognize objects, but appeared to lack knowledge of their orientation. These results were interpreted as evidence that NL had isolated access to a viewpoint-independent (ventral stream) object recognition system. However, because NL’s responses on naming tasks were not timed, it was not possible to establish whether he showed the same pattern of reaction time performance generally accepted as evidence of a ‘mental rotation’ strategy in neurologically normal subjects. Here we report NL’s performance on two reaction time tasks, testing his ability to transform images when naming, and discriminating between rotated mirror image objects. As predicted, and in contrast to normal volunteers, NL showed no ‘mental rotation’ effect in his naming of misoriented objects. Paradoxically, he performed well on a traditional Shepard and Metzler mental rotation task. He also showed a normal orientation effect when dealing with misoriented faces. These findings offer further support for viewpoint-independent theories of object recognition, and bolster the claim that object orientation knowledge can be regarded as, in some respects, a special class of spatial information.
Local Maxima and the Expected Euler Characteristic of Excursion Sets of χ 2, F and t Fields

The maximum of a Gaussian random field was used by Worsley et al. (1992) to test for activation at an unknown point in positron emission tomography images of blood flow in the human brain. The Euler characteristic of excursion sets was used as an estimator of the number of regions of activation. The expected Euler characteristic of excursion sets of stationary Gaussian random fields has been derived by Adler and Hasofer (1976) and Adler (1981). In this paper we extend the results of Adler (1981) to χ 2, F and t fields. The theory is applied to some three-dimensional images of cerebral blood flow from a study on pain perception.
Birth of a New Perspective? A Call for Biopsychosocial Research on Childbirth

Childbirth is a major life event with implications for family health, but it has been understudied by psychological scientists. The biopsychosocial model, which posits that health is shaped by biological, social, psychological, and cultural processes, can describe birth. The physiology of birth involves the interplay of hormones such as cortisol and oxytocin that are known to be affected by socioemotional factors. Existing theories on pain, stress, and social support can be applied to birth. Psychologists can adapt and incorporate empirically supported treatments, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction, into childbirth education. Although father presence at birth represents a relatively new phenomenon, research on partner support has been lacking. Birth experiences may mediate associations between prenatal stress and postpartum adjustment, suggesting a need for more integrated, longitudinal research on birth.
Debugging synthesizeable VHDL Programs

This paper describes the use of model-based diagnosis for locating bugs in hardware designs. We restrict our view to hardware designs written in a subset of the commonly used hardware description language VHDL. This subset includes all synthesizeable (register transfer level) programs. This are programs which can be automatically converted into a gate level description without changing their behavior. Therefore almost all VHDL programs are elements of this subset. We show the conversion of VHDL programs into a logical representation. Take this representation and apply model-based diagnosis. The resulting diagnoses are mapped back to the VHDL code fragments of the original program explaining misbehaviors. Finally, we specify some rules optimizing the obtained results. We further present some arguments showing that the proposed debugging technique scales up to large designs.
Normal Spleen Cells Plus Antisera

The reaction between immunologically reactive cells and a sensitizing antigen has been studied in several different contexts. The direct action of antigen with cells actually or potentially capable of producing antibody may under some circumstances lead to growth stimulation (1) or under different conditions to death of the cells and curtailment of antibody production (2). Both macrophages (3) and lymphoid cells (4) have been found to be damaged by exposure to the sensitizing antigen. Gofer and Boyse have suggested that spleen cells from C57BL mice immunized against A strain antigens may be destroyed by "allergic death" following injection into their respective F1 hybrids (2). Recently it was found that the capacity of C57BL spleen cells to induce runt disease in newborn Swiss mice was reduced if the spleen donors were previously immunized with antigens from the prospective recipients. This was attributed to the deleterious effect on the allogeneic spleen cells resulting from exposure to the antigens of the host and from the immune response of the host (5). To add to interpretive difficulties surrounding allergic death, about which relatively little is known, lymphoid or spleen cells from different strains of mice have been found to react differently, especially when injected into a hybrid host (2). In an attenpt to gain more information about the disposition of transferred lymphoid cells, we have compared the fates of normal and specifically sensitized C57BL and C3H spleen cells in normal and irradiated allogeneic hosts and analyzed the respective roles of host and donor cells in the accelerated destruction of sensitized cells.
The infrared/X-ray correlation of GX 339−4: probing hard X-ray emission in accreting black holes

GX 339-4 has been one of the key sources for unravelling the accretion ejection coupling in accreting stellar mass black holes. After a long period of quiescence between 1999 and 2002, GX 339-4 underwent a series of four outbursts that have been intensively observed by many ground-based observatories [radio/infrared (IR)/optical] and satellites (X-rays). Here, we present results of these broad-band observational campaigns, focusing on the optical-IR (OIR)/X-ray flux correlations over the four outbursts. We found tight OIR/X-ray correlations over four decades with the presence of a break in the IR/X-ray correlation in the hard state. This correlation is the same for all four outbursts. This can be interpreted in a consistent way by considering a synchrotron self-Compton origin of the X-rays in which the break frequency varies between the optically thick and thin regime of the jet spectrum. We also highlight the similarities and differences between optical/X-ray and IR/X-ray correlations which suggest a jet origin of the near-IR emission in the hard state while the optical is more likely dominated by the blackbody emission of the accretion disc in both hard and soft state. However, we find a non-negligible contribution of 40 per cent of the jet emission in the V band during the hard state. We finally concentrate on a soft-to-hard state transition during the decay of the 2004 outburst by comparing the radio, IR, optical and hard X-rays light curves. It appears that unusual delays between the peak of emission in the different energy domains may provide some important constraints on jet formation scenario.
The effect of Motivation on Organizational commitment

Among the factors that affect the survival of enterprises and organizations are crucial for supervisors and managers, managing human resources. Study of history shows that industrial development Skilled manpower, and reared in a traditional society to an industrial process has undeniable effects So that human resources are considered the most immediate cause of the development of societies and organizations. To examine the effects of motivation on organizational commitment of the central bank is using the Spearman correlation coefficient (0.809= r) and This indicates that a significant positive relationship between motivation and organizational commitment, The P>0.01 exists and the null hypothesis is rejected. So we can say with confidence that0.99 is the degree of motivation and commitment in the organization will also have a higher correlation 0.809indicates that the impact is huge. Keywords: Motivation; Organizational commitment.
An Energy-Efficient Region-Based RPL Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks

Routing plays an important role in the overall architecture of the Internet of Things. IETF has standardized the RPL routing protocol to provide the interoperability for low-power and lossy networks (LLNs). LLNs cover a wide scope of applications, such as building automation, industrial control, healthcare, and so on. LLNs applications require reliable and energy-efficient routing support. Point-to-point (P2P) communication is a fundamental requirement of many LLNs applications. However, traditional routing protocols usually propagate throughout the whole network to discover a reliable P2P route, which requires large amount energy consumption. Again, it is challenging to achieve both reliability and energy-efficiency simultaneously, especially for LLNs. In this paper, we propose a novel energy-efficient region-based routing protocol (ER-RPL), which achieves energy-efficient data delivery without compromising reliability. In contrast of traditional routing protocols where all nodes are required for route discovery, the proposed scheme only requires a subset of nodes to do the job, which is the key of energy saving. Our theoretical analysis and extensive simulation studies demonstrate that ER-RPL has a great performance superiority over two conventional benchmark protocols, i.e., RPL and P2P-RPL.