Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examining high-school students’ overconfidence bias in biology exam: a focus on the effects of country and gender

ABSTRACT Accurate, rational, and scientific decision making is now considered to be the most important skill in science education. Many studies have found that overconfidence bias is one of the cognitive biases hindering people from achieving such decision making. Gender and country play crucial roles in overconfidence bias. For instance, some particular cultures and genders tend to be more overconfident than others. However, whether or not the two variables interact to influence overconfidence bias also indirectly influences decision making, especially in the context of science education. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of country and gender on performance, confidence, and overconfidence bias in the samples of Indonesian and Korean high-school students while doing on a biology exam. The twenty-one American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) questions on the topics of genetics and evolution were administered to 297 Indonesian and 235 Korean high-school students, in their first and second years. Every question was featured with a question asking students how confident they are in answering the question correctly. The two-way Analysis of Variances (2-way ANOVA) test was used to answer the research questions. Based on the analyses, we found no significance interactional effects of gender and country in test scores. In contrast, we found a significant interactional effects in both confidence in genetics and evolution. Regarding overconfidence bias, for which that we merged both concepts, we found that country had a higher influence on students’ overconfidence bias than did gender. Additionally, we found the hard-easy effect phenomenon followed overconfidence bias phenomenon. The relationships between country, gender, science education, cognitive bias, and overconfidence bias are discussed. Suggestions for reducing overconfidence bias are also provided.
Who has sex with whom? Characteristics of heterosexual partnerships reported in a national probability survey and implications for STI risk.

BACKGROUND Sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk is determined both by partner numbers and partnership characteristics. Studies describing only recent partnership(s) overestimate long-term partnerships and underestimate the contribution of casual partnerships to STI transmission in populations. We describe all heterosexual partnerships in the past year in terms of partnership type, age and geographical mixing and how these characteristics relate to condom use. METHODS Probability sample survey of 11 161 men and women aged 16-44 resident in Britain, 1999-2001. Computer-assisted self-interviews asked respondents about partner numbers and detailed questions about their three most recent partnerships. We weight these data to represent partnerships for which detailed questions were not asked to present estimates for the population of partnerships. RESULTS Of 15 488 heterosexuals partnerships, 39.1% (95% CI 36.6-41.7%) of men's partnerships were 'not (yet) regular' vs 20.0% (95% CI 18.2-21.9%) of women's partnerships. While condoms were used at last sex in 37.1% (95% CI 35.0-39.3%) of men's and 28.8% (95% CI 27.1-30.6%) of women's partnerships, and for 55.3% (95% CI 52.6-58.0%) of first sex with new partners, these proportions declined with age. When partnerships involved an age difference of 5+ years [26.2% (95% CI 23.0-29.6%) of men's and 36.5% (95% CI 33.0-40.1%) of women's partnerships], condoms were less commonly used at first sex than when partners were closer in age [44.1% (95% CI 39.1-48.4%) vs 60.8% (95% CI 57.3-64.2%)]. Sex occurred within 24 h in 23.4% (95% CI 19.7-27.5%) of men's and 10.7% (95% CI 8.3-13.6%) of women's partnerships. CONCLUSIONS A substantial minority of partnerships in the population is casual. The proportion of partnerships not protected by condoms is high, especially for partnerships involving larger age differences and people in their 30s and 40s. Condom use with new partners needs to be promoted among all age-groups.
Prevalência de depressão e fatores associados em mulheres atendidas pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência de depressão e os fatores associados em mulheres de 20 a 59 anos de áreas cobertas pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família de município da Zona da Mata Mineira. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com mulheres de 20 a 59 anos cadastradas em duas Unidades de Saúde da Família, que utilizou um questionário contendo variáveis sociodemográficas, apoio social, autoavaliação de estado de saúde, estilo de vida, morbidade e saúde da mulher. O desfecho depressão foi avaliado segundo o Patients Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Resultados Das 1.958 mulheres incluídas nesta análise, 28,5% encontram-se na faixa etária entre 30 e 39 anos; 15,4% não concluíram o ensino elementar; 54,5% não trabalham ou nunca trabalharam; 44,2% declararam não ser da raça branca. Fatores associados à ocorrência de depressão na população estudada: possuir baixa escolaridade, trabalhar atualmente e ter doença mental prévia. Como fatores de proteção observaram-se: ser casada ou viver com companheiro, realizar atividades físicas regularmente e relatar autoavaliação positiva de saúde. Conclusão Os resultados deste estudo revelam prevalência de depressão de 19,7% nas mulheres de 20 a 59 anos de áreas cobertas pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família, apontando para a necessidade de um cuidado especial na atenção primária à saúde às mulheres com baixa escolaridade, que trabalham, apresentam doença mental e não praticam exercícios físicos, de modo que se possa reduzir o sofrimento e promover a saúde. Ressalta-se a lacuna na utilização de instrumentos de rastreamento dos casos de depressão na atenção primária.
Chromosomal abnormality rate in human pre-embryos derived from in vitro fertilization cycles cultured in the presence of Follicular-Fluid Meiosis Activating Sterol (FF-MAS).

BACKGROUND The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of Follicular-Fluid Meiosis Activating Sterol (FF-MAS) when added to the culture media on the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities and pre-embryo development in human pre-embryos. METHODS 243 women undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment donated 353 oocytes in a multicentre, prospective, randomized, double blind, four-arm, controlled trial performed at Danish and Swedish public and private IVF centers. Metaphase II oocytes were randomly assigned to: FF-MAS 5 microM, FF-MAS 20 microM, ethanol 0.2% (vehicle control) or water for injection (inert control). The exposure regimen of FF-MAS to the human oocytes was 4 h prior to fertilization by ICSI and 20 h exposure post ICSI. The primary endpoint was the incidence of numerical chromosomal abnormalities. Secondary endpoints were cleavage rate and pre-embryo quality. RESULT On the pre-embryo level, no significant differences in chromosomal abnormality rate were observed among the four groups. However, the percentage of uniformly normal pre-embryos was significantly lower in the pooled FF-MAS group (5 microM: 12% and 20 microM: 17%) than in the pooled control group (inert control 32% and vehicle control 42%). A high level of mosaicism (41-60%) was found in all groups. At the blastomere level, the percentage of blastomeres categorized as normal was significantly lower in the FF-MAS 5 microM group (41%) and the FF-MAS 20 microM (29%) group versus the inert (52%) and the vehicle (61%) groups. Significantly reduced cleavage and good quality pre-embryo rates were found in both FF-MAS groups. CONCLUSION FF-MAS increased the rate of aneuploidy and had detrimental effects on cleavage and pre-embryo development, when exposed both before and after fertilization.
Religious Student Organizations as Agents of Spiritual and Moral Development Among South African Undergraduates

Abstract Post-apartheid South African education reforms shifted the role of religion from a primary foundation for all subjects to one of several strategies to develop civic, moral, and ethical values among the nation’s youth. A concurrent decline in the number and size of postsecondary religious studies departments, however, caused achievement of the desired outcomes to be challenging. In this study, the outcomes for students engaged in religious student organizations were examined to determine whether cocurricular experiences could provide similar outcomes. Findings demonstrated aspects of religious organization involvement, including leadership experiences, led to the desired outcomes among involved students.
The effect of knowledge management practices on firm performance

Purpose – This research proposes to study the connection between knowledge management practices and firm performance.Design/methodology/approach – Theoretical relations are tested through an empirical study carried out on 222 Spanish firms in the biotechnology and telecommunications industries.Findings – This paper shows how the firms that adopt knowledge management practices obtain better results than their competitors.Research limitations/implications – The subject of principles has not been considered a dimension of knowledge management. New avenues of inquiry are opened considering this dimension.Practical implications – It determines practices that have a positive incidence on firm performance.Originality/value – The conceptualization of knowledge management practices represents a theoretical innovation. This scale can be used in other knowledge‐intensive industries. The paper concludes that these practices have a positive incidence on firm performance.
Towards using Reservoir Computing Networks for noise-robust image recognition

Reservoir Computing Network (RCN) is a special type of the single layer recurrent neural networks, in which the input and the recurrent connections are randomly generated and only the output weights are trained. Besides the ability to process temporal information, the key points of RCN are easy training and robustness against noise. Recently, we introduced a simple strategy to tune the parameters of RCN resulted in an effective and noise-robust RCN-based model for speech recognition. The aim of this work is to extend that study to the field of image processing. In particular, we investigate the potential of RCNs in achieving a competitive performance on the well-known MNIST dataset by following the aforementioned parameter optimizing strategy. Moreover, we achieve good noise robust recognition by utilizing such a network to denoise images and supplying them to a recognizer that is solely trained on clean images. The conducted experiments demonstrate that the proposed RCN-based handwritten digit recognizer achieves an error rate of 0.81 percent on the clean test data of the MNIST benchmark and that the proposed RCN-based denoiser can effectively reduce the error rate on the various types of noise.
Evaluation of the Peninsula Alcohol and Violence Programme (PAVP) with violent offenders

Abstract There is clear experimental evidence for a causal link between alcohol misuse and violent behaviour. Treatments for alcohol misuse with offenders are therefore justified on the grounds that they may reduce violent behaviour and thus re-offending. The current paper tested whether a 10-session CBT intervention with offenders still in prison would produce improvements across three time points (pre, post and follow up) in self-reported alcohol expectancies, aggressiveness, impulsivity, and self-efficacy in managing alcohol use and violent behaviour. The programme focussed on educating participants on the relationship between alcohol use and violence, modifying unhelpful cognitions, and providing skills based training to manage potential triggers. Data from 49 offenders in prison were collected pre-intervention, post-intervention, and at three month follow up. Long term improvements (from pre- to post-intervention and follow up) were observed with respect to alcohol expectancies (in terms of sociability and liquid courage), impulsive responding to negative affect triggers, trait anger, and confidence in managing alcohol use and offending behaviour. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the efficacy of the CBT programme in reducing harmful alcohol use and associated violence. Limitations and recommendations for future evaluation of the intervention are discussed.
Cross-layer flow control in lightly-loaded multi-hop ad hoc networks

The throughput in multi-hop ad hoc networks (MANETs) is highly dependent on the sending rate and the route length from the source node to the destination. Sending packets at the optimal rate for a given route length maximizes throughput in the network, whereas slightly increasing the sending rate over the optimal value may decrease throughput by up to 55%. This paper presents a novel cross-layer technique for flow control in lightly-loaded MANETs. The technique allows applications to send packets at the rate that maximizes throughput for a given route length. To achieve this, the routing layer notifies interested applications about routing changes, and the applications adaptively modify their sending rates based on the new route length to the destination. In static and mobile networks, this technique outperforms UDP-based flows with a fixed sending rate and doubles the throughput of TCP for networks with up to 2 concurrent flows.
Adaption of the distress thermometer problem list for an Australian cancer population

Qualitative interviews were used to explore the common psychosocial concerns experienced by Australian cancer patients to adapt a psychosocial Problem List (NCCN Problem List). In total 32 new psychosocial items not listed on the original NCCN Problem List and two new domains Supportive Care Services and Information Needs were identified by Australian cancer patients supporting the need to adapt the NCCN Problem List for an Australian context. A pilot of the adapted Problem List with Australian cancer patients and clinicians to establish face and content validity identified differences by gender and age, and between patients and clinicians, between the type and number of psychosocial items endorsed on the adapted Problem List. The pilot supported the adaption of the NCCN Problem List for an Australian context.
NORGES TEKNISK-NATURVITENSKAPELIGE UNIVERSITET A review of exponential integrators for first order semi-linear problems

Recently, there has been a great deal of interest in the construction of exponential integrators. These integrators, as their name suggests, use the exponential function (and related functions) of the Jacobian or an approximation to it, inside the numerical method. However, unlike some of the recent literature suggests, integrators based on this philosophy have been known since at least 1960. The aim of this paper is to review exponential integrators, designed for first order problems, however, we will also briefly discuss some recent research into the construction of exponential integrators, for special problems. Our hope is, that with this article, by reviewing as much of the history of exponential integrators as reasonable possible, we can point interested readers to appropriate references and hopefully reduce the reinvention of known results.
Piano teacher education in Finland and Germany: Targeted competencies and respective learning environments of two cases

The investigation of targeted competencies and respective learning environments in two cases of piano teacher education aimed to identify themes for higher music education programme development. Application of the model of six instrumental/vocal music teacher roles resulted in the conceptual understanding of these roles in four permeable spheres of activity: artistic individuality; pedagogical interaction; professional reflection; and contextual communication. Findings indicate that the targeted competencies were similar in both cases, and were found congruent with the role descriptions of the model, while the provided respective learning environments presented notable differences. Through the comparison of these differences several issues emerged that propose themes for discussion in piano teacher education development. Programme developers should consider to facilitate accessibility of teacher qualification and education, to increase, enhance and broaden practical experiences for student teachers, and to promote closer cooperation and intensified exchange with working life, that is, local professionals and institutions.
Repeatability of aberrometric measurements with a new instrument for vision analysis based on adaptive optics.

PURPOSE To evaluate intersession and intrasession repeatability of aberration data obtained with a new visual simulator based on adaptive optics, which includes a Hartmann-Shack aberrometer (Adaptive Optics Vision Analyzer; Voptica S.L., Murcia, Spain). METHODS Thirty-one healthy right eyes were included in the study. To evaluate intrasession repeatability, three consecutive measurements without repositioning the patient or realigning the eye were obtained. Intersession repeatability was evaluated in three sessions. Aberrometric data computed from the second to the fifth order for a 4-mm pupil were used. Statistical analysis included the repeated measures analysis of variance (or the Wilcoxon signed rank test), the coefficient of repeatability, the Bland-Altman method, and the intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS No significant differences in the intrasession and intersession repeatability analysis for any of the parameters (P > .05) were found, suggesting a consistent variability of the instrument over time. Similar coefficient of repeatability values were obtained in the three sessions. The Bland-Altman analysis confirmed differences close to zero and the variations were independent of the mean within and between sessions. The intersession intraclass correlation coefficient values were generally above 0.75, suggesting moderate to high repeatability. However, some exceptions were found in the intrasession analysis. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the new instrument provides consistent and repeatable aberrometric data. It is therefore a suitable tool to perform consistent and repeatable visual simulations.
Exploratory Visual Analysis and Interactive Pattern Extraction from Semi-Structured Data

Semi-structured documents are a common type of data containing free text in natural language (unstructured data) as well as additional information about the document, or meta-data, typically following a schema or controlled vocabulary (structured data). Simultaneous analysis of unstructured and structured data enables the discovery of hidden relationships that cannot be identified from either of these sources when analyzed independently of each other. In this work, we present a visual text analytics tool for semi-structured documents (ViTA-SSD), that aims to support the user in the exploration and finding of insightful patterns in a visual and interactive manner in a semi-structured collection of documents. It achieves this goal by presenting to the user a set of coordinated visualizations that allows the linking of the metadata with interactively generated clusters of documents in such a way that relevant patterns can be easily spotted. The system contains two novel approaches in its back end: a feature-learning method to learn a compact representation of the corpus and a fast-clustering approach that has been redesigned to allow user supervision. These novel contributions make it possible for the user to interact with a large and dynamic document collection and to perform several text analytical tasks more efficiently. Finally, we present two use cases that illustrate the suitability of the system for in-depth interactive exploration of semi-structured document collections, two user studies, and results of several evaluations of our text-mining components.
DRAMA: An Architecture for Accelerated Processing Near Memory

Improving energy efficiency is crucial for both mobile and high-performance computing systems while a large fraction of total energy is consumed to transfer data between storage and processing units. Thus, reducing data transfers across the memory hierarchy of a processor (i.e., off-chip memory, on-chip caches, and register file) can greatly improve the energy efficiency. To this end, we propose an architecture, DRAMA, that 3D-stacks coarse-grain reconfigurable accelerators (CGRAs) atop off-chip DRAM devices. DRAMA does not require changes to the DRAM device architecture, apart from through-silicon vias (TSVs) that connect the DRAM device's internal I/O bus to the CGRA layer. We demonstrate that DRAMA can reduce the energy consumption to transfer data across the memory hierarchy by 66-95 percent while achieving speedups of up to 18× over a commodity processor.
Ieee Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 1 Traffic Sign Recognition Using Evolutionary Adaboost Detection and Forest-ecoc Classification

—The high variability of sign appearance in uncontrolled environments has made the detection and classification of road signs a challenging problem in computer vision nowadays. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for detection and classification of traffic signs. The detection process is based on a boosted detectors cascade, trained with a novel evolutive version of Adaboost, which allows the use of large feature spaces. The classification process is defined as a multi-class categorization problem. A battery of classifiers is trained to split classes in an Error Correcting Output Codes (ECOC) framework. We propose a ECOC design by means of a forest of optimal tree structures that are embedded in the ECOC matrix. The novel system offers high performance and better accuracy than the state-of-the-art strategies, being potentially better in case of noise, affine deformation, partial occlusions, and reduced illumination.
Implementasi Kultur Sekolah di SDIT Muhammadiyah Al Kautsar Gumpang Kartasura

This research aims to describe 1) Implementation of school culture, 2) supporting factors and inhibiting factors for the implementation of school culture, 3) Efforts to overcome barriers to the implementation of school culture. Descriptive qualitative research type. Data collection techniques used are interviews, observation, and documentation. Test data validity with source triangulation. Data analysis includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. Informants of this research are principals, teachers, and employees. The results of the research are as follows 1) Implementation of school culture implementation program has been running well. Evidenced by the existence of 8 school culture / culture among which is a clean culture, a culture of achievement, a religious culture, a culture of discipline, a culture of cooperation, a culture of modesty, a culture of responsibility, and interest in reading, 2) supporting factors in this activity are (a) a relationship that both from teachers and employees, students, parents, and the community around the school, (b) regularly held meetings between the principal and the teacher and the teacher with parents, (c) school committees that have a high commitment to school progress. The inhibiting factors are (a) constrained by the problem of lack of supervision of principals on the environment, students, or teachers so that problems arise relating to unharmonious relationships between teachers, (b) there are still some school culture programs that are not formally written, (c) lack of parental support if there are school activities that require additional costs from parents. 3) Efforts are done dalah find free time for at least once a week to hold meetings and conduct regular evaluation meetings every Saturday to discuss problems within one week.