Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
National Football League Skilled and Unskilled Positions Vary in Opportunity and Yield in Return to Play After an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries pose a significant risk to the careers of players in the National Football League (NFL). The relationships between draft round and position on return to play (RTP) among NFL players are not well understood, and the ability to return to preinjury performance levels remains unknown for most positions. Purpose: To test for differences in RTP rates and changes in performance after an ACL injury by position and draft round. We hypothesized that skilled positions would return at a lower rate compared to unskilled positions. We further hypothesized that early draft-round status would relate to a greater rate of RTP and that skilled positions and a lower draft round would correlate with decreased performance for players who return to sport. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Utilizing a previously established database of publicly available information regarding ACL tears among NFL players, athletes with ACL tears occurring between the 2010 and 2013 seasons were identified. Generalized linear models and Kaplan-Meier time-to-event models were used to test the study hypotheses. Results: The overall RTP rate was 61.7%, with skilled players and unskilled players returning at rates of 64.1% and 60.4%, respectively (P = .74). Early draft-round players and unskilled late draft-round players had greater rates of RTP compared to skilled late draft-round players and both unskilled and skilled undrafted free agents (UDFAs). Skilled early draft-round players constituted the only cohort that played significantly fewer games after an injury. Unskilled UDFAs constituted the only cohort to show a significant increase in the number of games started and ratio of games started to games played, starting more games in which they played, after an injury. Conclusion: Early draft-round and unskilled players were more likely to return compared to their later draft-round and skilled peers. Skilled early draft-round players, who displayed relatively high rates of RTP, constituted the only cohort to show a decline in performance. Unskilled UDFAs, who exhibited relatively low rates of RTP, constituted the only cohort to show an increase in performance. The significant effect of draft round and position type on RTP may be caused by a combination of differences in talent levels and in opportunities given to returning to play.
Hydroxyapatite-modified gelatin bioinks for bone bioprinting

Abstract In bioprinting approaches, the choice of bioink plays an important role since it must be processable with the selected printing method, but also cytocompatible and biofunctional. Therefore, a crosslinkable gelatin-based ink was modified with hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles, representing the composite buildup of natural bone. The inks’ viscosity was significantly increased by the addition of HAp, making the material processable with extrusion-based methods. The storage moduli of the formed hydrogels rose significantly, depicting improved mechanical properties. A cytocompatibility assay revealed suitable ranges for photoinitiator and HAp concentrations. As a proof of concept, the modified ink was printed together with cells, yielding stable three-dimensional constructs containing a homogeneously distributed mineralization and viable cells.
A Feasibility Study of Low-Dose Single-Scan Dual-Energy Cone-Beam CT in Many-View Under-Sampling Framework

A single-scan dual-energy low-dose cone-beam CT (CBCT) imaging technique that exploits a multi-slit filter is proposed in this paper. The multi-slit filter installed between the x-ray source and the scanned object is reciprocated during a scan. The x-ray beams through the slits would generate relatively low-energy x-ray projection data, while the filtered beams would make high-energy projection data. An iterative image reconstruction algorithm that uses an adaptive-steepest-descent method to minimize image total-variation under the constraint of data fidelity was applied to reconstructing the image from the low-energy projection data. Since the high-energy projection data suffer from a substantially high noise level due to the beam filtration, we have developed a new algorithm that exploits the joint sparsity between the low- and high-energy CT images for image reconstruction of the high-energy CT image. The proposed image reconstruction algorithm uses a gradient magnitude image (GMI) of the low-energy CT image by regularizing the difference of GMIs of the low- and high-energy CT images to be minimized. The feasibility of the proposed technique has been demonstrated by the use of various phantoms in the experimental CBCT setup. Furthermore, based on the proposed dual-energy imaging, a material differentiation was performed and its potential utility has been shown. The proposed imaging technique produced promising results for its potential application to a low-dose single-scan dual-energy CBCT.
Convergence Rates of Latent Topic Models Under Relaxed Identifiability Conditions

In this paper we study the frequentist convergence rate for the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (Blei et al., 2003) topic models. We show that the maximum likelihood estimator converges to one of the finitely many equivalent parameters in Wasserstein's distance metric at a rate of $n^{-1/4}$ without assuming separability or non-degeneracy of the underlying topics and/or the existence of more than three words per document, thus generalizing the previous works of Anandkumar et al. (2012, 2014) from an information-theoretical perspective. We also show that the $n^{-1/4}$ convergence rate is optimal in the worst case.
Dairy Heifers Naturally Exposed to Fasciola hepatica Develop a Type 2 Immune Response and Concomitant Suppression of Leukocyte Proliferation

ABSTRACT Fasciola hepatica is a parasitic trematode of global importance in livestock. Control strategies reliant on anthelmintics are unsustainable due to the emergence of drug resistance. Vaccines are under development, but efficacies are variable. Evidence from experimental infection suggests that vaccine efficacy may be affected by parasite-induced immunomodulation. Little is known about the immune response to F. hepatica following natural exposure. Hence, we analyzed the immune responses over time in calves naturally exposed to F. hepatica infection. Cohorts of replacement dairy heifer calves (n = 42) with no prior exposure to F. hepatica, on three commercial dairy farms, were sampled over the course of a grazing season. Exposure was determined through an F. hepatica-specific serum antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and fluke egg counts. Concurrent changes in peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations, lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine responses were measured. Relationships between fluke infection and immune responses were analyzed by using multivariable linear mixed-effect models. All calves from one farm showed evidence of exposure, while cohorts from the remaining two farms remained negative over the grazing season. A type 2 immune response was associated with exposure, with increased interleukin-4 (IL-4) production, IL-5 transcription, and eosinophilia. Suppression of parasite-specific peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation was evident, while decreased mitogen-stimulated gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production suggested immunomodulation, which was not restricted to parasite-specific responses. Our findings show that the global immune response is modulated toward a nonproliferative type 2 state following natural challenge with F. hepatica. This has implications in terms of the timing of the administration of vaccination programs and for host susceptibility to coinfecting pathogens.
Profession of neuropsychology in Latin America

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to analyze characteristics of individuals working in the profession of neuropsychology in Latin America in order to understand their background, professional training, current work situation, assessment and diagnostic procedures used, rehabilitation techniques employed, population targeted, teaching responsibilities, and research activities. A total of 808 professionals working in neuropsychology from 17 countries in Latin America completed an online survey between July 2013 and January 2014. The majority of participants were female and the mean age was 36.76 years (range 21–74 years). The majority of professionals working in neuropsychology in Latin America have a background in psychology, with some additional specialized training and supervised clinical practice. Over half work in private practice, universities, or private clinics and are quite satisfied with their work. Those who identify themselves as clinicians primarily work with individuals with learning problems, ADHD, mental retardation, TBI, dementia, and stroke. The majority respondents cite the top barrier in the use of neuropsychological instruments to be the lack of normative data for their countries. The top perceived barriers to the field include: lack of academic training programs, lack of clinical training opportunities, lack of willingness to collaborate between professionals, and lack of access to neuropsychological instruments. There is a need in Latin America to increase regulation, improve graduate curriculums, enhance existing clinical training, develop professional certification programs, validate existing neuropsychological tests, and create new, culturally-relevant instruments.
Microplastics Reduce Short-Term Effects of Environmental Contaminants. Part I: Effects of Bisphenol A on Freshwater Zooplankton Are Lower in Presence of Polyamide Particles

Microplastics can have direct physical effects on organisms in freshwater systems, and are considered as vectors for absorbed environmental pollutants. It is still under discussion if microplastics are relevant pollutant vectors for uptake into aquatic organisms in comparison to further uptake pathways, e.g., via water or sediment particles. We analyzed how the presence of microplastics (polyamide particles, PA) modifies acute effects of the environmental pollutant bisphenol A (BPA) on freshwater zooplankton (Daphnia magna). Daphnids were exposed to PA particles and BPA alone, before combining them in the next step with one concentration of PA and varying concentrations of BPA. The PA particles themselves did not induce negative effects, while the effects of BPA alone followed a typical dose-dependent manner. Sorption of BPA to PA particles prior to exposure led to a reduction of BPA in the aqueous phase. The combination of BPA and PA led to decreased immobilization, although PA particles loaded with BPA were ingested by the daphnids. Calculations based on physiochemistry and equilibrium assumptions indicated lower BPA body burden of daphnids in the presence of PA particles. These results confirm model-based studies, and show that investigated microplastic concentrations are negligible for the overall pollutant uptake of daphnids with water as additional uptake pathway.
A practical guide to effective behavior change : How to identify what to change in the first place

ehps.net/ehp In 1947, mathematician John von Neuman remarked that mathematics is simple, supporting this claim with a comparison with something infinitely more complicated: "If people do not believe that mathematics is simple, it is only because they do not realize how complicated life is" (Alt, 1972). Behavior change scientists who study behavior change or who develop behavior change interventions operate in between these two extremes of overwhelming complexity and, well, at least relative simplicity. Effective behavior change methods (Peters, de Bruin, & Crutzen, 2014) employ theorybased1 processes of change to influence psychological variables that are postulated to determine behavior. Because, bar physical coercion, no behavior change method operates directly on behavior, this means that identifying the relevant determinants and beliefs to influence is a crucial step in the development, or evaluation, of any behavior change method/technique. The current contribution intends to pave the way for more in-depth discussion of behavior change by outlining basic guidelines for establishing which determinants, and, maybe even more importantly, which beliefs, to influence. This document has been set up to be useful when explaining the basics of behavior change to, for example, students, early-career Ph.D. candidates, or practitioners. Therefore, it will start with outlining, assuming very little knowledge of psychology, why it is imperative to map beliefs and determinants before even thinking about how to change a given behavior. In the second part, practical pointers will be given as to how to actually do this – map beliefs and determinants. In other words, first I’ll explain what to change; and then, how to identify what to change.
Comparison of Calculated Prediction Model Results With Experimental Strengths of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composite Materials

Industrial type multi-wall carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composites are successfully fabricated by vacuum assisted infiltration of molten aluminum alloy into the carbon nanotube containing preform. Compressive mechanical properties of these composites are investigated and compared with the calculation results of aforementioned prediction models. Thermal mismatch model is the most matching model for the yield strength of composites due to consideration of thermal expansion differences between reinforcement and matrix material in the model which affects punching of dislocations in the matrix. Furthermore, shear lag model gives the closest results for the ultimate compressive strength values by considering interfacial bonding parameters.
The Moderating Effect of Organizational Learning Culture on Individual Motivation and ERP System Assimilation at Individual Level

This study contributes to the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system assimilation theory by providing an enriched understanding about how organizational learning culture influences end users’ usage degree in post-implementation stage. Empirical data collected from 141 ERP users showed that both intrinsic motivation and perceived usefulness has positive impact on individual assimilation level of ERP systems. We further observe significant moderating effect of organizational learning culture on the association between individual motivations and individual assimilation level of ERP technology. Our findings highlight the importance of organizational learning culture and provide some guidelines for the firms to facilitate appropriate organizational culture, so as to enhance the intrinsic and extrinsic motivators of ERP users, promote the employees’ fully utilization of the ERP software, and achieve business benefits with the assimilation of ERP systems. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed along with its limitations.
THE EFFECTS OF GRADED LEVELS OF BREWERS' DRIED GRAINS AND MAIZE COBS IN THE DIETS OF PIGS ON THEIR PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS AND CARCASS QUALITY

A TRIAL was run with 70 weaner Yorkshire and Yorkshire x Landrace pigs to determine the effects of graded levels of brewers' grains and maize cobs on the performance and carcass characteristics of pigs. The two products were included at the levels of 5, 10 and 15 while the protein contents of the diet were maintained at approximately 20% throughout the experimental period that lasted from the initial weight of 17.0 kg to the slaughter weight of about 92 kg. Pigs were slaughtered at the predetermined liveweight of 92 kg and were conventionally graded. The results showed no significant differences among treatments and between products with respect to average daily gains and efficiencies of feed utilization, but the average daily feed and digestible energy intakes were significantly affected for the weight range of 17 to 55 kg, but not for the other weight ranges. Generally, pigs on brewers° dried grains tended to perform better than those on maize cobs hut the differences were not always significant. With respect to carcass quality measurements, although there were no significant differences among treatment means, there was a tendency towards lower fat measurements and higher lean parameters as the levels of the products increased from 5 to 15%. There were some significant differences between the two products in the carcass measurements of pigs, and the measurements were closely alike in some other measurements. It is concluded that the two products can be conveniently used to replace the more expensive maize component at least up to the 15% level tested in this trial without seriously depressing the performance of pigs.
PERSPECTIVES IN CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY Prevention of Interval Colorectal Cancers: What Every Clinician Needs to Know

Colonoscopic screening and surveillance have been very effective tools in the fight against colorectal cancer (CRC). Colonoscopy is more than a cancer screening test; it also can prevent CRC by detecting and removing precancerous lesions. Despite this potential, there has been increasing concern about CRCs that occur after a previous colonoscopy and before the next screening/surveillance examination (interval CRCs). The etiology of interval CRC is thought to be caused mostly by missed or incompletely resected lesions on index colonoscopy with some contribution of rapidly progressive new lesions. If this is true, many interval cancers should be preventable by improving colonoscopy technique. There are a variety of strategies to decrease interval CRC rates including use of a split-dosed bowel preparation, optimizing withdrawal technique, ensuring complete polypectomy, and careful pathologic examination of the tissue removed. Furthermore, there should be an increased emphasis on how endoscopists are trained to cultivate high-quality technique throughout their careers. It is important to inform patients that even high-quality colonoscopy is not perfectly sensitive for the detection of advanced neoplasia. Improving colonoscopy quality can decrease interval CRC rates and further decrease CRC incidence and mortality.
Proteins Encoded in Genomic Regions Associated with Immune-Mediated Disease Physically Interact and Suggest Underlying Biology

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have defined over 150 genomic regions unequivocally containing variation predisposing to immune-mediated disease. Inferring disease biology from these observations, however, hinges on our ability to discover the molecular processes being perturbed by these risk variants. It has previously been observed that different genes harboring causal mutations for the same Mendelian disease often physically interact. We sought to evaluate the degree to which this is true of genes within strongly associated loci in complex disease. Using sets of loci defined in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Crohn's disease (CD) GWAS, we build protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks for genes within associated loci and find abundant physical interactions between protein products of associated genes. We apply multiple permutation approaches to show that these networks are more densely connected than chance expectation. To confirm biological relevance, we show that the components of the networks tend to be expressed in similar tissues relevant to the phenotypes in question, suggesting the network indicates common underlying processes perturbed by risk loci. Furthermore, we show that the RA and CD networks have predictive power by demonstrating that proteins in these networks, not encoded in the confirmed list of disease associated loci, are significantly enriched for association to the phenotypes in question in extended GWAS analysis. Finally, we test our method in 3 non-immune traits to assess its applicability to complex traits in general. We find that genes in loci associated to height and lipid levels assemble into significantly connected networks but did not detect excess connectivity among Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) loci beyond chance. Taken together, our results constitute evidence that, for many of the complex diseases studied here, common genetic associations implicate regions encoding proteins that physically interact in a preferential manner, in line with observations in Mendelian disease.
Asymptotics for Constrained Dirichlet Distributions

We derive the asymptotic approximation for the posterior distribution when the data are multinomial and the prior is Dirichlet conditioned on satisfying a ﬁnite set of linear equality and inequality constraints so the posterior is also Dirichlet conditioned on satisfying these same constraints. When only equality constraints are imposed, the asymptotic approximation is normal. Oth-erwise it is normal conditioned on satisfying the inequality constraints. In both cases the posterior is a root- n -consistent estimator of the parameter vector of the multinomial distribution. As an application we consider the constrained Polya posterior which is a non-informative stepwise Bayes posterior for ﬁnite population sampling which incorporates prior information involving auxiliary variables. The constrained Polya posterior is a root- n -consistent estimator of the population distribution, hence yields a root- n -consistent estimator of the population mean or any other diﬀerentiable function of the vector of population probabilities.
Toward Efficient Mechanisms for Mobile Crowdsensing

Mobile crowdsensing systems aim to provide various novel applications by employing pervasive smartphones. A key factor to enable such systems is substantial participation of normal smartphone users, which requires effective incentive mechanisms. In this paper, we investigate incentive mechanisms for online scenarios, where users arrive and interact with a task requester in a random order, and they have preferences (e.g., photographing) or limits (e.g., travel distance) over the sensing tasks. In existing online mechanisms, the task requester has limited power in assigning tasks to the selected users, i.e., it has to pay for all of the tasks specified by the selected users, although some of these tasks are of little value. To accommodate this, we investigate a more flexible setting, where the requester can actively assign most valuable tasks to the selected users. We design two online incentive mechanisms motivated by a sampling-accepting process and weighted maximum matching. We prove that the designed mechanisms achieve computational efficiency, individual rationality, budget feasibility, truthfulness, consumer sovereignty, and constant competitiveness. By carrying out extensive experiments on two real-world geographical datasets, we demonstrate the practical applicability of the proposed mechanisms.
n-Type doped transparent conducting binary oxides: an overview

This article focuses on n-type doped transparent conducting binary oxides – namely, those with the general formula MxOy:D, where MxOy is the host oxide material and D is the dopant element. Such materials are of great industrial importance in modern materials chemistry. In particular, there is a focus on the search for alternatives to indium-based materials, prompted by indium's problematic supply risk as well as a number of functional factors. The important relationship between computational study and experimental observation is explored, and an extensive comparison is made between the electrical properties of a number of the most interesting experimentally-prepared materials. In writing this article, we aim to provide both an accessible tutorial of the physical descriptions of transparent conducting oxides, and an up-to-date overview of the field, with a brief history, some key accomplishments from the past few decades, the current state of the field as well as postulation on some likely future developments.