Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic Interactions between Primaquine and Chloroquine

ABSTRACT Chloroquine combined with primaquine has been the standard radical curative regimen for Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale malaria for over half a century. In an open-label crossover pharmacokinetic study, 16 healthy volunteers (4 males and 12 females) aged 20 to 47 years were randomized into two groups of three sequential hospital admissions to receive a single oral dose of 30 mg (base) primaquine, 600 mg (base) chloroquine, and the two drugs together. The coadministration of the two drugs did not affect chloroquine or desethylchloroquine pharmacokinetics but increased plasma primaquine concentrations significantly (P ≤ 0.005); the geometric mean (90% confidence interval [CI]) increases were 63% (47 to 81%) in maximum concentration and 24% (13 to 35%) in total exposure. There were also corresponding increases in plasma carboxyprimaquine concentrations (P ≤ 0.020). There were no significant electrocardiographic changes following primaquine administration, but there was slight corrected QT (QTc) (Fridericia) interval lengthening following chloroquine administration (median [range] = 6.32 [−1.45 to 12.3] ms; P < 0.001), which was not affected by the addition of primaquine (5.58 [1.74 to 11.4] ms; P = 0.642). This pharmacokinetic interaction may explain previous observations of synergy in preventing P. vivax relapse. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under reference number NCT01218932.
Effects of E-Customer Satisfaction and E-Trust on E-Loyalty: Mongolian Online Shopping Behavior

E-commerce is an emerging industry in Mongolia. Its development has a high urban-rural gap. The study summarized experiences and observations from countries with advanced e-commerce and proposed a conceptual model. Applying expectancy confirmation theory (ECT) and the concept of e-SERVQUAL (NetQual), the study surveyed 305 effective samples and verified the relationships among expectation, service quality, disconfirmation, e-customer satisfaction, e-trust, and e-loyalty. These conclusions can be applied to developing and facilitating e-commerce in Mongolia.
Women Educational Leaders in Tertiary Education in Oman: Enablers, Challenges and Coping Strategies

Although more women than men are entering higher education worldwide, their representation in senior educational administrative positions is paltry (Oram-Stering, 2015). This is also true in the Gulf state of Oman. Despite the enormous advancement made by women in the field of higher education, their ability to leverage their educational success to obtain senior faculty positions and progress their careers, while navigating the challenges posed by socio-cultural and religious practices and discourses in Oman, appears limited. Building on previous research in this area, this study explores the barriers faced by women academics as they progress to leadership positions, and exposes the experiences of Omani female leaders who have successfully accessed leadership opportunities in higher education. The study aims to understand and highlight the reasons for women’s uneven advancement to high-ranking positions in Oman’s higher education institutions. In addition, it investigates contiguous factors that qualify some women for consideration for senior management positions, aiming to capture the views of current executives, their backgrounds and other characteristics pertinent to leadership roles. A qualitative approach was deemed appropriate for this study, covering educational policy and administration by examining organisational and structural changes in addition to individual growth and development. One-to-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 female faculty members to attain the necessary data, providing a unique opportunity to examine the experiences of women as both faculty members and administrators, and to understand the ongoing gender imbalance within the study context. The results of the study highlight key themes including sociocultural practices, motherhood, religious interpretations, personal attributes, institutional policies and conceptualisations of gender and leadership in the workplace. Furthermore, the study offers important insights to assist female academics seeking access to leadership positions in higher education. Moreover, it could benefit policy makers seeking to formulate plans to encourage women to pursue leadership roles in higher education.
Product rule for gauge invariant Weyl symbols and its application to the semiclassical description of guiding centre motion

We derive a product rule for gauge invariant Weyl symbols which provides a generalization of the well known Moyal formula to the case of non-vanishing electromagnetic fields. Applying our result to the guiding centre problem we expand the guiding centre Hamiltonian into an asymptotic power series with respect to both Planck's constant and an adiabaticity parameter already present in the classical theory. This expansion is used to determine the influence of quantum-mechanical effects on guiding centre motion.
A ruthenium dimer complex with a flexible linker slowly threads between DNA bases in two distinct steps

Several multi-component DNA intercalating small molecules have been designed around ruthenium-based intercalating monomers to optimize DNA binding properties for therapeutic use. Here we probe the DNA binding ligand [μ-C4(cpdppz)2(phen)4Ru2]4+, which consists of two Ru(phen)2dppz2+ moieties joined by a flexible linker. To quantify ligand binding, double-stranded DNA is stretched with optical tweezers and exposed to ligand under constant applied force. In contrast to other bis-intercalators, we find that ligand association is described by a two-step process, which consists of fast bimolecular intercalation of the first dppz moiety followed by ∼10-fold slower intercalation of the second dppz moiety. The second step is rate-limited by the requirement for a DNA-ligand conformational change that allows the flexible linker to pass through the DNA duplex. Based on our measured force-dependent binding rates and ligand-induced DNA elongation measurements, we are able to map out the energy landscape and structural dynamics for both ligand binding steps. In addition, we find that at zero force the overall binding process involves fast association (∼10 s), slow dissociation (∼300 s), and very high affinity (Kd ∼10 nM). The methodology developed in this work will be useful for studying the mechanism of DNA binding by other multi-step intercalating ligands and proteins.
The return of the ‘Black Babies’: how development education affects schoolchildren’s attitudes to the majority world – the Trócaire 2012 Lenten campaign

Abstract This article investigates how development education campaigns affect schoolchildren’s understanding of both global and domestic poverty, through examining the 2012 Lenten campaign by the Irish agency, Trócaire. It analyses Trócaire campaign material as well as its reception by schoolchildren, aged 10–12. We found the material contained neo-colonial stereotypes about Africa as a primitive place dependent on Western aid, displaying continuity with the prior ‘Black Baby Phenomenon’. This refers to the collection boxes Irish children were given with a picture of a black baby on them, which fostered an understanding of Africans as helpless childlike victims, Children in our focus groups understood the Africans portrayed by the Trócaire campaign as hopeless, primitive, intellectually inferior Others. Furthermore, this there was strong indication that this imagery fostered social distance towards ethnic minorities in Ireland and encouraged children to minimise domestic poverty, through considering this to be only an issue in ‘developing countries’.
Client–Server Multitask Learning From Distributed Datasets

A client-server architecture to simultaneously solve multiple learning tasks from distributed datasets is described. In such architecture, each client corresponds to an individual learning task and the associated dataset of examples. The goal of the architecture is to perform information fusion from multiple datasets while preserving privacy of individual data. The role of the server is to collect data in real time from the clients and codify the information in a common database. Such information can be used by all the clients to solve their individual learning task, so that each client can exploit the information content of all the datasets without actually having access to private data of others. The proposed algorithmic framework, based on regularization and kernel methods, uses a suitable class of “mixed effect” kernels. The methodology is illustrated through a simulated recommendation system, as well as an experiment involving pharmacological data coming from a multicentric clinical trial.
Do Children Prefer Mentalistic Descriptions?

ABSTRACT Against a long tradition of childhood realism (Piaget, 1929), A. S. Lillard and J. H. Flavell (1990) found that 3-year-olds prefer to characterize people by their mental states (beliefs, desires, emotions) than by their visible behaviors. In this exploratory study, we extend this finding to a new cohort of 3-year-olds, examine how these preferences change from 3–4 years, and explore relationships with theory of mind and parental mind-mindedness. The results showed a developmental change and a possible cohort difference: at 3 years, children in the sample preferred behavioral descriptions, although by 4 years of age, they preferred mentalistic ones. Interestingly, mentalistic preferences were unrelated to theory of mind or parental mind-mindedness, concurrently or over time. Perspective-taking skills at 3 years, however, predicted an increase in mentalistic responses from 3 years to 4 years. Possible explanations for each finding are discussed.
Multimodal influence of estrogen upon gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons.

I. Introduction II. Effects of Estrogen on GnRH Neurons A. Sexual differentiation B. Biosynthesis of GnRH C. Biosynthesis of galanin D. Electrical activity of GnRH neurons E. GnRH secretion F. GnRH degradation G. Ultrastructural changes involving GnRH neurons H. Summary of estrogen’s influence on GnRH cells III. Brain Sites of Estrogen Influence on GnRH Neurons A. Sites of estrogen’s stimulatory sites B. Sites of estrogen’s inhibitory action C. Summary IV. Pathways for Estrogen Regulation of GnRH Neurons A. Direct regulation of GnRH neurons B. Estrogen-receptive neurons as intermediaries C. Glial cells as intermediaries D. Summary V. Model of Estrogen Action on GnRH Neurons VI. Concluding Remarks
Influence of pacing modalities on the incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients without prior atrial fibrillation. A prospective study.

AIM Many studies suggest that patients who receive a physiological pacemaker have a reduced incidence of atrial fibrillation compared to patients receiving a ventricular pacemaker. METHODS In order to evaluate the impact of different pacing modalities on the incidence of atrial fibrillation, we prospectively analysed 210 patients. Patients with previous episodes of atrial fibrillation were excluded from the study. The patient population included 110 patients paced for sick sinus syndrome and 100 patients paced for total atrioventricular block or second degree type atrioventricular block. RESULTS Patients were followed for 5 years; the incidence of atrial fibrillation was 10% at 1 year, 23% at 3 years and 31% at 5 years. There was an increase in the incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients receiving a ventricular pacemaker compared to patients receiving a physiological pacemaker. CONCLUSION The pacing modality appeared to influence the incidence of atrial fibrillation in paced patients; patients with ventricular pacing had a significantly higher incidence of arrhythmias than did patients with physiological pacing.
Lupus Erythematosus Antigens in a Murine Model for Systemic and Resultant Systemic Sensitization by Oral Breakdown of Mucosal Immunity in the Gut

Secreted IgA plays a pivotal role in the mucosal immunity to maintain the front line of body defense. We found that the level of fecal IgA was dramatically decreased in aged (NZB (cid:1) NZW)F 1 (BWF 1 ) mice developing lupus nephritis, whereas levels in similarly aged New Zealand Black (NZB) and New Zealand White (NZW) mice remained unchanged compared with young mice. The number of cells obtained from Peyer’s patches was markedly decreased in aged BWF 1 mice. Aged BWF 1 mice showed increased susceptibility to pathogenic bacterial infection. Furthermore, oral administration of OVA failed to inhibit secondary IgG response induced by systemic immunization, suggesting defective oral tolerance in aged BWF 1 mice. A signiﬁcant amount of orally administered OVA was incorporated directly into the intestinal lamina propria in aged BWF 1 mice whereas it was mainly localized in subepithelial domes and interfollicular region in Peyer’s patches in young mice. T cells obtained from renal and pulmonary lymph nodes of aged BWF 1 mice that had been orally administered with OVA showed an Ag-speciﬁc T cell proliferation, whereas those from young BWF 1 , aged NZB, and aged NZW mice did not. Interestingly, aerosol exposure to OVA of aged BWF 1 mice, which had been orally administered with the same Ag, provoked an eosinophil inﬁltration in the lung. These results demonstrate that mucosal immunity in the gut is impaired and oral Ags induce systemic sensitization instead of oral tolerance in the development of murine lupus. The Journal of Immunology, 2005, 174: 5499–5506.
Do Neighbourhoods Generate Fear of Crime

For a long time, criminologists have contended that neighborhoods are important determinants of how individuals perceive their risk of criminal victimization. Yet, despite the theoretical importance and policy relevance of these claims, the empirical evidence base is surprisingly thin and inconsistent. The current study's large sample size, analytical approach, and the independence of the empirical measures enabled researchers to overcome some of the limitations that have hampered much previous research into this question. The study found that neighborhood structural characteristics, visual signs of disorder, and recorded crime all have direct and independent effects on individual-level fear of crime. Additionally, the study demonstrates that individual differences in fear of crime are strongly moderated by neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics; between-group differences in expressed fear of crime are both exacerbated and ameliorated by the characteristics of the areas in which people live. Paper published as Brunton-Smith IR, & Sturgis P (2011). Do Neighborhoods Generate Fear of Crime? : An Empirical Test Using the British Crime Survey. Criminology 49(2):331-369 30 May 2011 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley. com/doi/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2011. 00228.x/abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii carrying the NDM-1 gene, Czech Republic, 2011.

To the editor: We read with interest the paper of Hrabak et al. [1] on the isolation of a blaNDM-1-carrying Acinetobacter baumannii strain. However, although the authors believed to be the first in the Czech Republic to report on a New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1)-producing bacterium, there have been other reports on the same A. baumannii strain in the country [2,3]. Here, we would like to comment on some points of these studies.
Effects of overtraining on reversal and extradimensional shifts in schizophrenics.

and concrete schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1968, 73, 330-335. OHLRICH, E. S. , & Ross, L. E. Reversal and nonreversal shift learning in retardates as a function of overtraining. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1966, 72, 622-624. SLAMECKA, N. J. A methodological analysis of shift paradigms in human discrimination learning. Psychological Bulletin, 1968, 69, 423-438. WINER, B. J. Statistical principles in experimental design. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1962. WOLFF, J. L. Concept-shift and discriminationreversal learning in humans. Psychological Bulletin,
Deep Hubble Space Telescope ACS Observations of I Zw 18: a Young Galaxy in Formation

We present V and I photometry of the resolved stars in the most metal-deficient blue compact dwarf galaxy known, I Zw 18 (Z☉/50), using Hubble Space Telescope/ACS images, the deepest ones ever obtained for this galaxy. The resulting I versus V - I color-magnitude diagram (CMD) reaches limiting magnitudes V = I = 29 mag. It reveals a young stellar population of blue main-sequence (MS) stars (age ≲ 30 Myr) and blue and red supergiants (10 Myr ≲ age ≲ 100 Myr), but also an older evolved population of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars (100 Myr ≲ age ≲ 500 Myr). We derive a distance to I Zw 18 in the range 12.6-15 Mpc from the brightness of its AGB stars, with preferred values in the higher range. Red giant branch (RGB) stars are conspicuous by their absence, although, for a distance of I Zw 18 ≤15 Mpc, our imaging data go ~1-2 mag below the tip of the RGB. Thus, the most evolved stars in the galaxy are not older than 500 Myr and I Zw 18 is a bona fide young galaxy. Several star formation episodes can be inferred from the CMDs of the main body and the C component. There have been, respectively, three and two episodes in these two parts, separated by periods of ~100-200 Myr. In the main body, the younger MS and massive post-MS stars are distributed over a larger area than the older AGB stars, suggesting that I Zw 18 is still forming from the inside out. In the C component, different star formation episodes are spatially distinct, with stellar population ages decreasing from the northwest to the southeast, also suggesting the ongoing buildup of a young galaxy.
ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOUR OF WETTING FRONTS IN POROUS MEDIA WITH EXPONENTIAL MOISTURE DIFFUSIVITY

Abstract. We investigate the asymptotic behaviour of the wetting front arising from unsaturated flow in porous media wherein the liquid saturation θ obeys a nonlinear diffusion equation having moisture diffusivity that is an exponential function D(θ) = Do exp(βθ). For values of the physical parameters corresponding to actual porous media, the diffusivity at the residual value of saturation is D(0) ≪ 1, so that the problem is nearly degenerate. The novelty of our approach stems from our aim to derive a solution that is valid throughout the wetting front, in contrast with most other work that cuts off the solution at the wetting front location. A matched asymptotic analysis indicates that the solution has a three-layer structure, and also provides an estimate of the wetting front location in terms of the material parameters describing the porous medium. Using numerical simulations of the original problem, we demonstrate that the first few terms in our series solution give an accurate approximation of physically relevant quantities such as the wetting front location and speed of propagation, which improves on other asymptotic solutions reported in the literature.
Cloning, Biochemical Properties, and Distribution of Mycobacterial Haloalkane Dehalogenases

ABSTRACT Haloalkane dehalogenases are enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of the carbon-halogen bond by a hydrolytic mechanism. Genomes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis contain at least two open reading frames coding for the polypeptides showing a high sequence similarity with biochemically characterized haloalkane dehalogenases. We describe here the cloning of the haloalkane dehalogenase genes dmbA and dmbB from M. bovis 5033/66 and demonstrate the dehalogenase activity of their translation products. Both of these genes are widely distributed among species of the M. tuberculosis complex, including M. bovis, M. bovis BCG, M. africanum, M. caprae, M. microti, and M. pinnipedii, as shown by the PCR screening of 48 isolates from various hosts. DmbA and DmbB proteins were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. The DmbB protein had to be expressed in a fusion with thioredoxin to obtain a soluble protein sample. The temperature optimum of DmbA and DmbB proteins determined with 1,2-dibromoethane is 45°C. The melting temperature assessed by circular dichroism spectroscopy of DmbA is 47°C and DmbB is 57°C. The pH optimum of DmbA depends on composition of a buffer with maximal activity at 9.0. DmbB had a single pH optimum at pH 6.5. Mycobacteria are currently the only genus known to carry more than one haloalkane dehalogenase gene, although putative haloalkane dehalogenases can be inferred in more then 20 different bacterial species by comparative genomics. The evolution and distribution of haloalkane dehalogenases among mycobacteria is discussed.
Ludus Ex Machina: Building A 3D Game Designer That Competes Alongside Humans

We describe ANGELINA-5, software capable of creating simple three-dimensional games autonomously. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first system which creates complete games in 3D. We summarise the history of the ANGELINA project so far, describe the architecture of the latest version, and give details of its participation in Ludum Dare, a game design competition. This is the first time that a piece of software has entered a videogame design contest for human designers, and represents a step forward for automated videogame design and computational creativity.
Similarity estimation module for OWSCIS

Semantic interoperability based on ontologies is nowadays becoming a great challenge. We propose an architecture for semantic-based cooperation called OWSCIS (Ontology and Web Service based Cooperation of Information Sources). It allows to map various information sources using ontologies and to answer users' queries over the cooperation. In this paper we focus on the similarity estimation service of the OWSCIS Architecture which allows to discover mappings between different ontologies. It relies on various mappings methods which are combined and refined to semi-automatically generate mappings between a local and a reference ontologies.
Family, School, and Peer Influences on Alcohol Abstinence and Use among American Indian and White Female Adolescents

ABSTRACT This analysis is informed by social bonding, social learning, and self-control theories and is based on data collected between 2009 and 2013 in 27 school districts located in five U. S. regions. The sample (N = 2,140) includes female adolescents (7th–12th graders) who identified themselves as white or American Indian. In support of the social learning theory, pro-alcohol use definitions, association with peers who drink excessively, and the peers’ differential reinforcement of alcohol abuse are significant predictors of alcohol use in the racially integrated model. Conversely, when controlling for a selected group of predictors, one’s level of self-control and measures of social bond are no longer differentiating alcohol users from abstainers. Yet, additional mediation analyses show that the lack of family attachment, parental monitoring, and school attachment have significant indirect effects on alcohol use.
An Approach to Security Assessment of Critical Infrastructures’ Information Systems

This article presents an approach to the security assessment of the information systems of critical infrastructures. The approach is based on the faithful reconstruction of the evaluated information system in a computer security laboratory followed by simulations of possible threats against the system. The evidence collected during the experiments, stored and organised using a proprietary system InSAW, may be later used for the creation of trust cases which provide valuable information for the end users of the infrastructure. Another new proposal is MAlSim – Mobile Agent based simulator of malicious software (viruses, worms, etc.). To the best of our knowledge such a simulator has not been proposed before. We have applied our approach to the verification of the security of industrial control systems and power plants. In the article we describe one of the experiments related to the security study of an information system of a power plant – a simulation of zero-day worm attack.