Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does Invasion Success Reflect Superior Cognitive Ability? A Case Study of Two Congeneric Lizard Species (Lampropholis, Scincidae)

A species' intelligence may reliably predict its invasive potential. If this is true, then we might expect invasive species to be better at learning novel tasks than non-invasive congeners. To test this hypothesis, we exposed two sympatric species of Australian scincid lizards, Lampropholis delicata (invasive) and L. guichenoti (non-invasive) to standardized maze-learning tasks. Both species rapidly decreased the time they needed to find a food reward, but latencies were always higher for L. delicata than L. guichenoti. More detailed analysis showed that neither species actually learned the position of the food reward; they were as likely to turn the wrong way at the end of the study as at the beginning. Instead, their times decreased because they spent less time immobile in later trials; and L. guichenoti arrived at the reward sooner because they exhibited “freezing” (immobility) less than L. delicata. Hence, our data confirm that the species differ in their performance in this standardized test, but neither the decreasing time to find the reward, nor the interspecific disparity in those times, are reflective of cognitive abilities. Behavioural differences may well explain why one species is invasive and one is not, but those differences do not necessarily involve cognitive ability.
Knowledge , Attitudes and Practices regarding Cervical Cancer Screening among Female Health Care Workers in Primary Healthcare in Qatar

Background: Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer among women worldwide. The female health care workers who provide reproductive health care are one of the most important health knowledge providers and promoters. Aim: The aim was to identify the deficits in the Knowledge, attitudes, and practice of female health care workers in primary healthcare centers in order to improve and raise their awareness of cervical cancer screening to a level high enough to provide accurate information, good attitudes, and practice for cervical cancer screening. Objective(s): (1) To assess the level of Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding cervical cancer screening among female healthcare workers (HCWs) in primary health care in Qatar. (2) To examine factors influencing female healthcare workers (HCWs) participation in the cervical cancer screening program. (3) To determine where the female healthcare workers (HCWs) would prefer to do the test and by whom. Dr. Amal Alali (1) Dr. Mohamed Salem (2) Dr. Hisham Elmahdi (3) Dr. Noora Alkubaisi (4) Dr. Zeliakha Alwahedi (5) Dr. Muna Taher (5) Dr. Wafaa Yousuf (5) Dr. Abeer Aljaber (5) Dr. Ahmed Mostafa (3) (1) Consultant Family Medicine, Associate Director of Family Medicine Residency program, Primary Health Care Corporation -Qatar, Assistant Professor of family medicine in clinical medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College Qatar (WCMC-Q). (2) Assistant Professor Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Suez Canal University Egypt (3) Specialist Family Medicine Primary Health Care Corporation Qatar (4) Consultant Community MedicinePrimary Health Care Corporation Qatar (5) Consultant Family Medicine, Primary Health Care Corporation Qatar Corresponding author: Dr. Amal Alali Consultant Family Medicine, Associate Director of Family Medicine Residency program, Primary Health Care Corporation -Qatar, Assistant Professor of family medicine in clinical medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College Qatar (WCMC-Q). Email: aalali@phcc.gov. qa, dr.alali2013@gmail.com MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL OF FAMILY MEDICINE VOLUME 14 ISSUE 8, OCTOBER 2016, ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION/CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
Comparative analysis of EV isolation procedures for miRNAs detection in serum samples

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as potent non-invasive biomarkers. However, current methodologies are time consuming and difficult to translate to clinical practice. To analyse EV-encapsulated circulating miRNA, we searched for a quick, easy and economic method to enrich frozen human serum samples for EV. We compared the efficiency of several protocols and commercial kits to isolate EVs. Different methods based on precipitation, columns or filter systems were tested and compared with ultracentrifugation, which is the most classical protocol to isolate EVs. EV samples were assessed for purity and quantity by nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blot or cytometry against major EV protein markers. For biomarker validation, levels of a set of miRNAs were determined in EV fractions and compared with their levels in total serum. EVs isolated with precipitation-based methods were enriched for a subgroup of miRNAs that corresponded to miRNAs described to be encapsulated into EVs (miR-126, miR-30c and miR-143), while the detection of miR-21, miR-16-5p and miR-19a was very low compared with total serum. Our results point to precipitation using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a suitable method for an easy and cheap enrichment of serum EVs for miRNA analyses. The overall performance of PEG was very similar, or better than other commercial precipitating reagents, in both protein and miRNA yield, but in comparison to them PEG is much cheaper. Other methods presented poorer results, mostly when assessing miRNA by qPCR analyses. Using PEG precipitation in a longitudinal study with human samples, we demonstrated that miRNA could be assessed in frozen samples up to 8 years of storage. We report a method based on a cut-off value of mean of fold EV detection versus serum that provides an estimate of the degree of encapsulation of a given miRNA.
No changes in functional connectivity during motor recovery beyond 5 weeks after stroke; A longitudinal resting-state fMRI study

Spontaneous motor recovery after stroke appears to be associated with structural and functional changes in the motor network. The aim of the current study was to explore time-dependent changes in resting-state (rs) functional connectivity in motor-impaired stroke patients, using rs-functional MRI at 5 weeks and 26 weeks post-stroke onset. For this aim, 13 stroke patients from the EXPLICIT-stroke Trial and age and gender-matched healthy control subjects were included. Patients’ synergistic motor control of the paretic upper-limb was assessed with the upper extremity section of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA-UE) within 2 weeks, and at 5 and 26 weeks post-stroke onset. Results showed that the ipsilesional rs-functional connectivity between motor areas was lower compared to the contralesional rs-functional connectivity, but this difference did not change significantly over time. No relations were observed between changes in rs-functional connectivity and upper-limb motor recovery, despite changes in upper-limb function as measured with the FMA-UE. Last, overall rs-functional connectivity was comparable for patients and healthy control subjects. To conclude, the current findings did not provide evidence that in moderately impaired stroke patients the lower rs-functional connectivity of the ipsilesional hemisphere changed over time.
Interrater Reliability of Posture Observations

Objective: The aims of this research were (a) to study the interrater reliability of a posture observation method, (b) to test the impact of different posture categorization systems on interrater reliability, and (c) to provide guidelines for improving interrater reliability. Background: Estimation of posture through observation is challenging. Previous studies have shown varying degrees of validity and reliability, providing little information about conditions necessary to achieve acceptable reliability. Method: Seven raters estimated posture angles from video recordings. Different measures of interrater reliability, including percentage agreement, precision, expression as interrater standard deviation, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), were computed. Results: Some posture parameters, such as the upper arm flexion and extension, had ICCs ≥ 0.50. Most posture parameters had a precision around the 10° range. The predefined categorization and 30° posture categorization strategies showed substantially better agreement among the raters than did the 10° strategy. Conclusions: Different interrater reliability measures described different aspects of agreement for the posture observation tool. The level of agreement differed substantially between the agreement measures used. Observation of large body parts generally resulted in better reliability. Wider width angle intervals resulted in better percentage agreement compared with narrower intervals. For most postures, 30°angle intervals are appropriate. Training aimed at using a properly designed data entry system, and clear posture definitions with relevant examples, including definitions of the neutral positions of the various body parts, will help improve interrater reliability. Application: The results provide ergonomics practitioners with information about the interrater reliability of a postural observation method and guidelines for improving interrater reliability for video-recorded field data.
Purification and Biochemical Characterization of theMycobacterium tuberculosis β-Ketoacyl-acyl Carrier Protein Synthases KasA and KasB*

Mycolic acids are vital components of theMycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall, and enzymes involved in their formation represent attractive targets for the discovery of novel anti-tuberculosis agents. Biosynthesis of the fatty acyl chains of mycolic acids involves two fatty acid synthetic systems, the multifunctional polypeptide fatty acid synthase I (FASI), which performs de novo fatty acid synthesis, and the dissociated FASII system, which consists of monofunctional enzymes, and acyl carrier protein (ACP) and elongates FASI products to long chain mycolic acid precursors. In this study, we present the initial characterization of purified KasA and KasB, two β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase (KAS) enzymes of the M. tuberculosis FASII system. KasA and KasB were expressed in E. coli and purified by affinity chromatography. Both enzymes showed activity typical of bacterial KASs, condensing an acyl-ACP with malonyl-ACP. Consistent with the proposed role of FASII in mycolic acid synthesis, analysis of various acyl-ACP substrates indicated KasA and KasB had higher specificity for long chain acyl-ACPs containing at least 16 carbons. Activity of KasA and KasB increased with use of M. tuberculosis AcpM, suggesting that structural differences between AcpM and E. coli ACP may affect their recognition by the enzymes. Both enzymes were sensitive to KAS inhibitors cerulenin and thiolactomycin. These results represent important steps in characterizing KasA and KasB as targets for antimycobacterial drug discovery.
Communication satisfaction as moderator of the relationship between organizational commitment and willingness to participate in planned organizational change : a case study in two Thai organizations

Previous studies tend to focus on how to increase the degree of employees’ willingness to participate in change by recognizing the importance of communication or employees’ commitment as the mean to promote change in the organizations. Questions concerning how employees’ commitment and communication satisfaction function during the change process require more critical examination. This study was interested in discovering what the interrelationship are among three variables with communication satisfaction hypothesized as mediating the relationship between organizational commitment and willingness to participate in planned organizational change. A case of culture change being implemented in two large organizations in Thailand was the site for collecting the data for this study. Three-hundred sixteen participants from the two organizations rated questionnaires in order to provide quantitative findings for the research hypotheses. The instrument used in this study include Meyer and Allen’s Commitment Scale and Down and Hazen’s Communication Satisfaction Questionnaire. The respondents also completed the Willingness to Participate in Change Scale which was developed based on Miller, Johnson, and Grau. Findings from the questionnaires revealed that when measuring organizational commitment and communication satisfaction in the Thai context, the dimensions should
Characteristics and Antecedents of People who Hoard Animals: An Exploratory Comparative Interview Study

Currently, case studies and media reports provide the only descriptive information available to understand what distinguishes hoarding of animals from nonhoarding animal ownership. This poorly understood problem appears to be associated with substantial mental health difficulties. The present study investigated characteristics and antecedents that might explain hoarding behaviors. Sixteen people who fit criteria for hoarding of animals and 11 nonhoarding controls who owned large numbers of animals participated in semistructured interviews that were analyzed using somewhat atypical qualitative and quantitative methods. The interviews focused on demographic information, history of animal contact, social history, insight into physical and mental health issues, collecting behaviors, and beliefs and emotions associated with animals. Descriptive statistics and qualitative analyses were used to examine differences between hoarding and nonhoarding groups and to capture distinguishing themes and patterns. Both groups were well matched in demographic variables and were mainly White women of middle age; the average number of animals owned was 31. Thematic content common to both groups was stressful life events (both childhood and adult), strong emotional reactions to animal death, strong caretaking roles and attitudes toward animals, a tendency to rescue animals, and intense feelings of closeness or attachment to animals. Themes found significantly more often among animal hoarding participants than controls included problems with early attachment, chaotic childhood environments, significant mental health concerns, attribution of human characteristics to animals, and the presence of more dysfunctional current relationships. These themes are elaborated and discussed with regard to potential models for understanding hoarding of animals.
Prospective Multicenter Study of Community-Associated Skin and Skin Structure Infections due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Background Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is now the most common cause of skin and skin structure infections (SSSI) in several world regions. In Argentina prospective, multicenter clinical studies have only been conducted in pediatric populations. Objective Primary: describe the prevalence, clinical and demographic characteristics of adult patients with community acquired SSSI due to MRSA; secondary: molecular evaluation of CA-MRSA strains. Patients with MRSA were compared to those without MRSA. Materials and Methods Prospective, observational, multicenter, epidemiologic study, with molecular analysis, conducted at 19 sites in Argentina (18 in Buenos Aires) between March 2010 and October 2011. Patients were included if they were ≥14 years, were diagnosed with SSSI, a culture was obtained, and there had no significant healthcare contact identified. A logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with CA-MRSA. Pulse field types, SCCmec, and PVL status were also determined. Results A total of 311 patients were included. CA-MRSA was isolated in 70% (218/311) of patients. Clinical variables independently associated with CA-MRSA were: presence of purulent lesion (OR 3.29; 95%CI 1.67, 6.49) and age <50 years (OR 2.39; 95%CI 1.22, 4.70). The vast majority of CA-MRSA strains causing SSSI carried PVL genes (95%) and were SCCmec type IV. The sequence type CA-MRSA ST30 spa t019 was the predominant clone. Conclusions CA-MRSA is now the most common cause of SSSI in our adult patients without healthcare contact. ST30, SCCmec IV, PVL+, spa t019 is the predominant clone in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Dynamic analysis of geared rotors by finite elements

Abstract : A finite-element model of a geared rotor system on flexible bearings has been developed. The model includes the rotary inertia of shaft elements, the axial loading on shafts, flexibility and damping of bearings, material damping of shafts and the stiffness and the damping of gear mesh. The coupling between the torsional and transverse vibrations of gears were considered in the model. A constant mesh stiffness was assumed. The analysis procedure can be used for forced vibration analysis of geared rotors by calculating the critical speeds and determining the response of any point on the shaft to mass unbalances, geometric eccentricities of gears and displacement transmission error excitation at the mesh point. The dynamic mesh forces due to these excitation can also be calculated. The model has been applied to several systems for the demonstration of its accuracy and for studying the effect of bearing compliances on system dynamics.
Annuity Decisions with Systematic Longevity Risk ∗

In this paper we investigate the effect of systematic longevity risk, i.e., the risk arising from uncertain future survival probabilities, on the attractiveness of different types of annuities. We consider a life-cycle framework with expected utility where an individual faces both investment and longevity risk. In contrast to existing literature we allow not only for idiosyncratic, but also for systematic longevity risk. When comparing the expected lifetime utility, conditional on the type of annuity which is purchased, we find for a 65-year old male that (i) systematic longevity risk reduces the attractiveness of annuities, (ii) when an immediate annuity is purchased, the expected lifetime utility is decreasing in the postponement period, (iii) when in the future purchasing an immediate annuities, the effect of the evolution of the survival probabilities on the optimal fraction of annuitized wealth is large, and (iv) the optimal annuity to purchase at retirement is a deferred annuity which starts to pay after only a short deferral period. However, when the purchase of an annuity with the optimal deferral period is compared to the purchase of an immediate annuity at retirement date, the utility gain is
EFFECTS OF EMOTIONAL ABUSE IN FAMILY AND WORK ENVIRONMENTS Awareness for Emotional Abuse

This study investigates links between emotional abuse and emotional awareness. Predictions included a positive correlation be- tween emotional abuse and alexithymia, and that few individuals report- ing emotional abuse would self-label as having been abused. Eighty participants completed anonymous, self-report surveys with symptom and trauma inventories. Participants were asked if they were physically, sexually, or emotionally abused (using the word "abused"); these ques- tions preceded symptom and maltreatment measures. Emotional abuse
Building Employee Commitment to Change Across Organizational Levels: The Influence of Hierarchical Distance and Direct Managers' Transformational Leadership

Research has shown that employees' affective and normative commitment to change (ACC and NCC, respectively) positively influence their behaviors supporting change; however, organizations are frequently unsuccessful in motivating appropriate levels of employee commitment to change. Using longitudinal, multilevel data collected from a large federal government agency implementing radical organizational change, we extend extant research related to antecedents of commitment to change by examining how employees' hierarchical distance (the number of reporting levels between an employee and the top management team) and the transformational leadership of their direct (immediate) manager both relate to their ACC and NCC. We also shed light on important mechanisms that explain these two relationships by examining the mediating role of employees' perceived effectiveness of top management's change-related communications (TMCs), including the top-down and bottom-up components of TMC. Taking advantage of a longitudinal field design, we tested these antecedents of commitment to change at Time 1 and the longitudinal effects of the Time 1 predictors on commitment to change 12 months later (Time 2). At Time 1, findings supported both the predicted direct and mediated effects. Hierarchical distance and perceived TMC remained significant predictors of ACC and NCC over a one-year follow-up period; however, direct managers' transformational leadership behaviors did not. The study extends previous findings related to antecedents of employee commitment to change and also shows the interplay between different levels of leadership in shaping employee affective and normative commitment to radical organizational change.
Compensation Goals and Firm Performance

Using a large data set of performance goals employed in executive incentive contracts, we find that a disproportionately large number of firms exceed their goals by a small margin as compared to the number that fall short of the goal by a similar margin. This asymmetry is particularly acute for earnings goals, when compensation is contingent on a single goal, when the pay-performance relationship around the goal is concave-shaped, and for grants with non-equity-based payouts. Firms that exceed their compensation target by a small margin are more likely to beat the target the next period and CEOs of firms that miss their targets are more likely to experience a forced turnover. Firms that just exceed their Earnings Per Share (EPS) goals have higher abnormal accruals and lower Research and Development (R&D) expenditures, and firms that just exceed their profit goals have lower Selling, General and Administrative (SG&A) expenditures. Overall, our results highlight some of the costs of linking managerial compensation to specific compensation targets.
the counterproductivity of incarcerating female street prostitutes

In depth interviews with incarcerated female street prostitutes provide evidence that ''get tough'' policies are often counter? productive. For example, arresting prostitutes increases the level of violence both against these women and by them. Rehabilitation programs based on the lives and experiences of street prostitutes that will provide a path into legal employment need to be developed.
Machine-Based, Self-guided Home Therapy for Individuals With Severe Arm Impairment After Stroke

Background. Few therapeutic options exist for the millions of persons living with severe arm impairment after stroke to increase their dose of arm rehabilitation. This study compared self-guided, high-repetition home therapy with a mechanical device (the resonating arm exerciser [RAE]) to conventional therapy in patients with chronic stroke and explored RAE use for patients with subacute stroke. Methods. A total of 16 participants with severe upper-extremity impairment (mean Fugl-Meyer [FM] score = 21.4 ± 8.8 out of 66) >6 months poststroke were randomized to 3 weeks of exercise with the RAE or conventional exercises. The primary outcome measure was FM score 1 month posttherapy. Secondary outcome measures included Motor Activity Log, Visual Analog Pain Scale, and Ashworth Spasticity Scale. After a 1-month break, individuals in the conventional group also received a 3-week course of RAE therapy. Results. The change in FM score was significant in both the RAE and conventional groups after training (2.6 ± 1.4 and 3.4 ± 2.4, P = .008 and .016, respectively). These improvements were not significant at 1 month. Exercise with the RAE led to significantly greater improvements in distal FM score than conventional therapy at the 1-month follow-up (P = .02). In a separate cohort of patients with subacute stroke, the RAE was found feasible for exercise. Discussion. In those with severe arm impairment after chronic stroke, home-based training with the RAE was feasible and significantly reduced impairment without increasing pain or spasticity. Gains with the RAE were comparable to those found with conventional training and also included distal arm improvement.