Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology Ga Speed and Dq Currnets Control of Pmsm with Vector Control Based Space Vector Modulation Using Matlab/simulink®

In recent years, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) have gained variety industrial applications, because of simple structures, high efficiency and ease of maintenance. But these motors have a nonlinear mathematical model. To resolve this problem several studies have suggested the application of soft-computing technique. This paper presents vector control of PMSM fed by space vector modulation inverter using genetic algorithm (GA) controllers to improve speed, currents and the electric torque by significantly reducing their ripples, which offer an extra advantage of this study. The proposed method effectiveness has been verified by computer simulations using Matlab/Simulink®. These results are compared with the ones obtained with a vector control using PI controllers for speed and current [1] and the second obtained with adaptive controller based speed estimation technique [2].
Erythropoietin and ventricular remodelling: a VEGF-dependent neovascularity.

This editorial refers to ‘Vascular endothelial growth factor is crucial for erythropoietin-induced improvement of cardiac function in heart failure’ by B.D. Westenbrink et al. , pp. 30–39, this issue. To uncover novel therapeutics for heart failure (HF), attention has focussed on the biological factors that underlie the transition from an initially adaptive hypertrophic response to a maladaptive state that promotes progressive cardiac dysfunction. The cardiac microvasculature is an important factor in this regard inasmuch as insufficient capillary growth is thought to be an important contributor to progressive dysfunction and remodelling in HF.1 Unlike the increased capillary density seen in conditions of physiological cardiac hypertrophy,2 reduced microvascular density and fewer capillaries are commonly observed in failing hearts.1,3–6 Microvascular rarefaction in pathological hypertrophy imparts many untoward effects, including myocardial ischaemia due to deficient oxygen supply, inefficient cardiac metabolism, myocyte loss, inflammation, fibrosis, and contractile dysfunction.1,3–6 Changes in myocardial capillary density during myocardial hypertrophy have been linked to the expression of angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 6 In murine models, pressure overload induces the expression of VEGF and angiopoietin 2 during the adaptive phase of hypertrophy, whereas blockade of VEGF signalling decreases myocardial neovascularization and accelerates the transition to failure.6 Hence, restoration of the cardiac microvasculature theoretically represents a viable strategy to improve cardiac function in HF. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a growth factor that promotes the differentiation and proliferation …
Multichannel boxcar deconvolution with growing number of channels

We consider the problem of estimating the unknown response function in the multichannel deconvolution model with a boxcar-like kernel which is of particular interest in signal processing. It is known that, when the number of channels is finite, the precision of reconstruction of the response function increases as the number of channels $M$ grow (even when the total number of observations $n$ for all channels $M$ remains constant) and this requires that the parameter of the channels form a Badly Approximable $M$-tuple. Recent advances in data collection and recording techniques made it of urgent interest to study the case when the number of channels $M=M_n$ grow with the total number of observations $n$. However, in real-life situations, the number of channels $M = M_n$ usually refers to the number of physical devices and, consequently, may grow to infinity only at a slow rate as $n \rightarrow \infty$. When $M=M_n$ grows slowly as $n$ increases, we develop a procedure for the construction of a Badly Approximable $M$-tuple on a specified interval, of a non-asymptotic length, together with a lower bound associated with this $M$-tuple, which explicitly shows its dependence on $M$ as $M$ is growing. This result is further used for the evaluation of the $L^2$-risk of the suggested adaptive wavelet thresholding estimator of the unknown response function and, furthermore, for the choice of the optimal number of channels $M$ which minimizes the $L^2$-risk.
India at the crossroads : sustaining growth and reducing poverty

The authors examine the numerous structural and policy changes Indian authorities have adopted since the 1991 balance of payments crisis; how these changes helped India weather the Asian financial crisis of 1997-98; the risks to fiscal sustainability and their implications for growth; the challenges facing monetary policy in the face of financial market liberalization; and the benefits of structural reform and fiscal policy for growth, poverty, and the reduction of regional disparities.
Learning about Judicial Independence: Institutional Change in the State Courts

There is widespread agreement that an independent judiciary is crucial to the growth of a nation. Yet systematic analysis of the development of independent courts is difficult, because, typically, formal judicial institutions seldom change. Here, I examine a formal judicial institution with substantial cross‐sectional and time‐series variation to explore: the procedure used to select and retain judges in the American states. Five different procedures emerged over the nation’s history, and all are in use today. I conclude as follows: Each new procedure was developed in order to increase the independence of state judges and was then superseded by a newer procedure, owing in large part to unanticipated agency problems. However, not all states changed procedures when the opportunity arose. States with larger legislative majorities, earlier entrance to the Union, or constitutional amendment requirements were less likely to adopt new procedures.
Preferential orientation relationships in Ca2MnO4 Ruddlesden-Popper thin films

A high-throughput investigation of local epitaxy (called combinatorial substrate epitaxy) was carried out on Ca2MnO4 Ruddlesden-Popper thin films of six thicknesses (from 20 to 400 nm), all deposited on isostructural polycrystalline Sr2TiO4 substrates. Electron backscatter diffraction revealed grain-over-grain local epitaxial growth for all films, resulting in a single orientation relationship (OR) for each substrate-film grain pair. Two preferred epitaxial ORs accounted for more than 90% of all ORs on 300 different microcrystals, based on analyzing 50 grain pairs for each thickness. The unit cell over unit cell OR ([100][001]film ∥ [100][001]substrate, or OR1) accounted for approximately 30% of each film. The OR that accounted for 60% of each film ([100][001]film ∥ [100][010]substrate, or OR2) corresponds to a rotation from OR1 by 90° about the a-axis. OR2 is strongly favored for substrate orientations in the center of the stereographic triangle, and OR1 is observed for orientations very close to (001) o.
A Framework for Task-specific Short Document Expansion

Collections that contain a large number of short texts are becoming increasingly common (eg., tweets, reviews, etc). Analytical tasks (such as classification, clustering, etc.) involving short texts could be challenging due to the lack of context and owing to their sparseness. An often encountered problem is low accuracy on the task. A standard technique used in the handling of short texts is expanding them before subjecting them to the task. However, existing works on short text expansion suffer from certain limitations: (i) they depend on domain knowledge to expand the text; (ii) they employ task-specific heuristics; and (iii) the expansion procedure is tightly coupled to the task. This makes it hard to adapt a procedure, designed for one task, into another. We present an expansion technique -- TIDE (Task-specIfic short Document Expansion) -- that can be applied on several Machine Learning, NLP and Information Retrieval tasks on short texts (such as short text classification, clustering, entity disambiguation, and the like) without using task specific heuristics and domain-specific knowledge for expansion. At the same time, our technique is capable of learning to expand short texts in a task-specific way. That is, the same technique that is applied to expand a short text in two different tasks is able to learn to produce different expansions depending upon what expansion benefits the task's performance. To speed up the learning process, we also introduce a technique called block learning. Our experiments with classification and clustering tasks show that our framework improves upon several baselines according to the standard evaluation metrics which includes the accuracy and normalized mutual information (NMI).
Educational psychologists' perceptions of their role in the Pietermaritzburg area.

With vast changes occurring in the South African context since 1994, it is clear that the role of educational psychologists has also shifted. While changes have occurred, numerous difficulties still exist within the education sector highlighting the need for educational psychologists. However, there appears to be disagreement about how the role is perceived in the Health Professions Council of South Africa, training institutions and in practice. For these reasons, this study seeks to unpack educational psychologists' perceptions of their role within the Pietermaritzburg area. A qualitative methodology is employed using semistructured interviews with a number of practitioners in the area. The study found that the role of educational psychologists is complex, affected by individual variables and various contextual shifts and tensions. This finding has implications for the training of educational psychologists and raises questions around their place within education itself.
Information on the early Holocene climate constrains the summer sea ice projections for the 21st century

The summer sea ice extent strongly decreased in the Arctic over the last decades. This decline is very likely to continue in the future but uncertainty of projections is very large. An ensemble of experiments with the climate model LOVECLIM using 5 different parameter sets has been performed to show that summer sea ice changes during the early Holocene (8 kyr BP) and the 21st century are strongly linked, allowing for the reduction of this uncertainty. Us- ing the limited number of records presently available for the early Holocene, simulations presenting very large changes over the 21st century could reasonably be rejected. On the other hand, simulations displaying low to moderate changes during the second half of the 20th century (and also over the 21st century) are not consistent with recent observations. Us- ing this very complementary information based on observa- tions during both the early Holocene and the last decades, the most realistic projection with LOVECLIM indicates a nearly disappearance of the sea ice in summer at the end of the 21st century for a moderate increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. Our results thus strongly indicate that ad- ditional proxy records of the early Holocene sea ice changes, in particular in the central Arctic Basin, would help to im- prove our projections of summer sea ice evolution and that the simulation at 8 kyr BP should be considered as a standard test for models aiming at simulating those future summer sea ice changes in the Arctic.
Delay and Buffer Bounds in High Radix Interconnection Networks

We apply recent results in queueing theory to propose a methodology for bounding the buffer depth and packet delay in high radix interconnection networks. While most work in interconnection networks has been focused on the throughput and average latency in such systems, few studies have been done providing statistical guarantees for buffer depth, packet reordering and packet delays. These parameters are key in the design and performance of a network. We present a methodology for calculating such bounds for a practical high radix network and through extensive simulations show its effectiveness for both bursty and non-bursty injection traffic. Our results suggest that modest speedups and buffer depths enable reliable networks without flow control to be constructed.
Tobacco-related cancers in India: A review of incidence reported from population-based cancer registries

Abstract Background: Tobacco related cancers (TRC) account for major share of all cancers and updated of incidence data are helpful in policy changes. The aim was to present an update of TRCs on age-adjusted incidence data and corresponding lifetime risk of developing TRC for different regions of the country. Methods: The data for this study were obtained from published reports of 25 population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) in India. The PBCRs in different parts of India were divided into seven regions such as North, South, Central, Northeast, West, Rural West, and East. Data indicators such as age-adjusted rates (AARs) of incidence and the cumulative risks of TRCs up to the age of 64 years for each of the 10 TRC sites of either sex in each of 25 registries were obtained from the National Cancer Registry Programme reports. Results: Among all TRCs, esophagus, lung, hypopharynx, and mouth are the leading sites for both males and females. Males in Northeast region had the highest risk 1 in 27 of developing esophageal cancer, 1 in 67 for cancer of lungs and hypopharynx, followed by 1 in 143 for both mouth and tongue cancers. Females also had the highest risk of esophagus and lungs (1 in 63 female) and cancer of mouth (1 in 250) in Northeast region. Proportion of TRC in comparison of all cancer ranged from 11–25% for men and 3–18% for women. Conclusions: Proportion of TRC in relation to all cancers was still high in different registries of India including the Northeast region.
Evaluation of Renal Hypoxia in Diabetic Mice by BOLD MRI

Objective:Renal hypoxia has been proposed to be a pathophysiologic feature of diabetic kidney disease but it has been difficult to demonstrate in vivo, particularly in mouse models of diabetes. The objective of this work was to examine the sensitivity of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess renal oxygenation in vivo in a mouse model of diabetic kidney disease, the db/db mice. Research Design and Methods:Kidney BOLD MRI studies were performed on a 3.0 T scanner using multiple gradient echo sequence with a custom-designed surface coil to acquire T2*-weighted images. Studies were performed in 10-week-old db/db mice (n = 7) and db/m controls (n = 6). Results:R2* is a measure of the tissue deoxyhemoglobin concentration and higher values of R2* are associated with hypoxia. The db/db mice had higher medullary (43.1 ± 5.1 s−1 vs. 32.3 ± 3.7 s−1, P = 0.001) and cortical R2* (31.7 ± 3.1 s−1 vs. 27.1 ± 4.1 s−1, P = 0.04) values. Using pimonidazole staining as a marker of kidney hypoxia, in kidney sections from 10-week-old db/db mice neither cortex nor medulla had significant differences as compared with 10-week-old db/m mice (cortex: db/db 2.14 ± 0.05 vs. db/m 2.02 ± 0.28, medulla: db/db 2.81 ± 0.08 vs. db/m 2.6 ± 0.08). The db/db mice demonstrated further increased cortical and medullary hypoxia when scanned again at 15 weeks of age. Conclusions:The report shows that renal BOLD MRI is a sensitive method for the in vivo evaluation of renal hypoxia in a mouse model of diabetic kidney disease where progressive renal hypoxia can be documented over time. BOLD MRI may be useful to monitor therapeutic interventions that may improve tissue hypoxia in the diabetic kidney.
Milk ingestion stimulates net muscle protein synthesis following resistance exercise.

PURPOSE Previous studies have examined the response of muscle protein to resistance exercise and nutrient ingestion. Net muscle protein synthesis results from the combination of resistance exercise and amino acid intake. No study has examined the response of muscle protein to ingestion of protein in the context of a food. This study was designed to determine the response of net muscle protein balance following resistance exercise to ingestion of nutrients as components of milk. METHOD Three groups of volunteers ingested one of three milk drinks each: 237 g of fat-free milk (FM), 237 g of whole milk (WM), and 393 g of fat-free milk isocaloric with the WM (IM). Milk was ingested 1 h following a leg resistance exercise routine. Net muscle protein balance was determined by measuring amino acid balance across the leg. RESULTS Arterial concentrations of representative amino acids increased in response to milk ingestion. Threonine balance and phenylalanine balance were both > 0 following milk ingestion. Net amino acid uptake for threonine was 2.8-fold greater (P < 0.05) for WM than for FM. Mean uptake of phenylalanine was 80 and 85% greater for WM and IM, respectively, than for FM, but not statistically different. Threonine uptake relative to ingested was significantly (P < 0.05) higher for WM (21 +/- 6%) than FM (11 +/- 5%), but not IM (12 +/- 3%). Mean phenylalanine uptake/ingested also was greatest for WM, but not significantly. CONCLUSIONS Ingestion of milk following resistance exercise results in phenylalanine and threonine uptake, representative of net muscle protein synthesis. These results suggest that whole milk may have increased utilization of available amino acids for protein synthesis.
A Novel Reduction Strategy of Clarithromycin Resistance in Helicobacter pylori

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a major therapeutic problem in patients infected with Helicobacter pylori. H. pylori clarithromycin resistant mutants have been evolved during antibiotic therapy, this is mainly due to 23s rRNA point mutations. Objectives: In the present study, we investigated anti-mutational features of four traditionally Iranian medicinal plants on three local isolated H. pylori strains. Materials and Methods: In this study clarithromycin resistance was used as a mutation indicator. Frequencies of such mutations in the presence and absence of plant extracts were evaluated. Mutation incidence was evaluated by Luria Delbruck fluctuation assay. Results: The mean mutation frequency in H. pylori isolates was 27 × 10-9 which decreased at the presence of Mirtus communis, Teucrium polium, Achillea millefolium and Thymus vulgaris of plant extract, this amount was 97.4%, 95.2%, 63.7% and 19.6% respectively. Moreover, A-to-G transition at 2143 position (A2143G) was detected by PCR-sequencing as major point mutation causing clarithromycin resistant mutants. Conclusions: The efficacy of these plant extracts in prohibiting resistance showed considerable results. This finding should be considered to use plant extracts with antibiotics to develop more effective eradication regimens.
2 The principal frequency χ and the quality factor

The MacDonald-Kaula-Gerstenkorn theory of bodily tides assumes constancy of the geometric lag angle δ , while the Singer-Mignard theory asserts constancy of the time lag ∆t . Each of these two models is tacitly based on a particular law of the geometric lag’s dependence upon the main frequency χ of the tidal flexure. In the theory of Gerstenkorn (1955), MacDonald (1964), and Kaula (1964) δ ∼ χ0 , while in the theory of Singer (1968) and Mignard (1979, 1980) δ ∼ χ1 . The actual dependence of the lag on the frequency is expected to be more complicated. Its functional form will be determined by the rheology of the planet. Each particular functional form of this dependence will unambiguously fix the form of the frequency dependence of the tidal quality factor, Q(χ). Since at present we know the shape of the function Q(χ) , it enables us to reverse our line of reasoning and to single out the appropriate actual dependence δ(χ) . This dependence entails considerable alterations in the theory of tides. 1 The MacDonald-Kaula-Gerstenkorn and Singer-Mignard theories of bodily tides If a satellite is located at a planetocentric position ~r, it generates a tidal bulge that either advances or retards, depending on the interrelation between the planetary spin rate ωp and the tangential part of satellite’s velocity ~v divided by r ≡ |~r|. It is convenient to imagine that the bulge emerges beneath a fictitious satellite located at ~rf = ~r + ~f , (1) where the position lag ~f is given by ~f = ∆t ( ~ ωp × ~r − ~v ) , (2) ∆t being the time lag between the real and the fictitious tide-generating satellites. We shall also introduce the geometric lag as δ ≡ | ~f | r = ∆t r |~ ωp × ~r − ~v| . (3)
A general framework for rational learning in social networks

This paper provides a formal characterization of the process of rational learning in social networks. Agents receive initial private information and select an action out of a choice set under uncertainty in each of infinitely many periods, observing the history of choices of their neighbors. Choices are made based on a common behavioral rule. Conditions under which rational learning leads to global consensus, local indifference and local disagreement are characterized. In the general setting considered, rational learning can lead to pairs of neighbors selecting different actions once learning ends, while not being indifferent among their choices. The effect of the network structure on the degree of information aggregation and speed of convergence is also considered and an answer to the question of optimal information aggregation in networks provided. The results highlight distinguishing features between properties of Bayesian and non-Bayesian learning in social networks.
The role of natural killer cells in pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases

There is growing evidence that NK cell-mediated immunoregulation plays an important role in the control of autoimmunity. NK cells are a subset of lymphocytes that generally contribute to innate immunity but have also a great impact on the function of T and B lymphocytes. The major role of NK cells is cytotoxic reaction against neoplastic, infected and autoreactive cells, but they regulatory function seems to play more important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Numerous studies suggested the involvement of NK cells in pathogenesis of such a common autoimmune diseases as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, type I diabetes and autoimmune thyroid diseases. The defects of NK cells regulatory function as well as cytotoxic abilities are common in patients with autoimmune diseases with serious consequences including HLH hemophagocytic lymphocytosis (HLH) and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). The early diagnosis of NK cells defect responsible for the loss of the protective abilities is crucial for the prevention of life-threatening complications and implementation of necessary treatment.