Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA-185-5p modulates chemosensitivity of human non-small cell lung cancer to cisplatin via targeting ABCC1.

OBJECTIVE MicroRNA-185-5p (miR-185-5p) dysregulation is found in various human cancers. Our purpose is to investigate the association of miR-185-5p expression with the sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to cisplatin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Real-time PCR or Western blot assay was performed to detect the expression of mature miR-185-5p and ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C, member 1 (ABCC1) protein. Cell lines with abnormal expression of miR-185-5p were generated using miR-185-5p inhibitor and mimics. The viabilities of treated cells were analyzed using MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL assay. Apoptosis-related protein expressions were tested by Western blot. Dual-luciferase assay was applied to assess the target gene of miRNA. RESULTS The expression level of miR-185-5p in A549 cell line was significantly higher than that in A549/DDP cell line (p < 0.05). Transfection of miR-185-5p mimics increased the sensitivity of A549 cells to cisplatin and the expression of an apoptosis-related factor, and restrained cell proliferation. MiR-185-5p inhibitor promoted cisplatin resistance and cell growth in A549 cells, and declined apoptosis-related factor levels. ABCC1 was verified as the target gene of miR-185-5p. MiR-185-5p exhibited negative correlation with ABCC1 in A549/DDP cells. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study demonstrated that inhibition of miR-185-5p was involved in chemo-resistance of NSCLC cells to cisplatin via down-regulating ABCC1.
Different Chondrogenic Potential among Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Diverse Origin Primary Cells

Scientists have tried to reprogram various origins of primary cells into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Every somatic cell can theoretically become a hiPSC and give rise to targeted cells of the human body. However, there have been debates on the controversy about the differentiation propensity according to the origin of primary cells. We reprogrammed hiPSCs from four different types of primary cells such as dermal fibroblasts (DF, n = 3), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC, n = 3), cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC, n = 3), and osteoarthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (OAFLS, n = 3). Established hiPSCs were differentiated into chondrogenic pellets. All told, cartilage-specific markers tended to express more by the order of CBMC > DF > PBMC > FLS. Origin of primary cells may influence the reprogramming and differentiation thereafter. In the context of chondrogenic propensity, CBMC-derived hiPSCs can be a fairly good candidate cell source for cartilage regeneration. The differentiation of hiPSCs into chondrocytes may help develop “cartilage in a dish” in the future. Also, the ideal cell source of hiPSC for chondrogenesis may contribute to future application as well.
Protective role of flaxseed oil against lead acetate induced oxidative stress in testes of adult rats

Even though the toxic effects of lead compounds had been studied over many years, inconsistent results have been obtained about their oxidative stress in the testes of adult rats. Lead acetate (20 mg/kg) alters the histology of testes as well as enhances lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide production in both serum and testes with concomitant reduction in glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Moreover, lead acetate induced DNA fragmentation in testes of rats. Treatment of rats with flaxseed oil (1000 mg/kg) resulted in marked improvement in all studied parameters. On the basis of the aforementioned results, it can be hypothesized that flaxseed oil is a promising natural product to protect against lead acetate induced oxidative stress and toxicity in rats.
Stress in childhood, adolescence and early adulthood, and cortisol levels in older age

Abstract The glucocorticoid hypothesis suggests that overexposure to stress may cause permanent upregulation of cortisol. Stress in youth may therefore influence cortisol levels even in older age. Using data from the 6-Day Sample, we investigated the effects of high stress in childhood, adolescence and early adulthood – as well as individual variables contributing to these measures; parental loss, social deprivation, school and home moves, illness, divorce and job instability – upon cortisol levels at age 77 years. Waking, waking +45 min (peak) and evening salivary cortisol samples were collected from 159 participants, and the 150 who were not using steroid medications were included in this study. After correcting for multiple comparisons, the only significant association was between early-adulthood job instability and later-life peak cortisol levels. After excluding participants with dementia or possible mild cognitive impairment, early-adulthood high stress showed significant associations with lower evening and mean cortisol levels, suggesting downregulation by stress, but these results did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Overall, our results do not provide strong evidence of a relationship between stress in youth and later-life cortisol levels, but do suggest that some more long-term stressors, such as job instability, may indeed produce lasting upregulation of cortisol, persisting into the mid-to-late seventies.
Long-term survival of patients with critical limb ischemia treated with iloprost: response rate and predictive criteria. A retrospective analysis of 102 patients.

OBJECTIVE Critical limb ischemia (CLI) patients have poor long-term prognosis. We showed that iloprost improves outcomes (major amputation and survival) up a 5-year follow-up, but it is not known if in this length of time the survival curves, of clinical responders and non-responders, differ. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective study enrolling 102 consecutive patients between 2004-2008, with clinical and instrumental (ultrasound, angiography, transcutaneous tensiometry of oxygen TcpO2 and carbon dioxide TcpCO2 in the affected and contralateral limbs) diagnosis of critical ischemia. All patients received the best medical therapy. Iloprost was administered (0.5-2 ng/kg/min 6 hours/day for 2-4 weeks) in all patients initially considered unsuitable for revascularization, repeating it regularly in time every six-twelve months in the case of positive response. The minimum expected follow-up was 4 years. RESULTS 71.5% of patients were treated with iloprost and the responder rate was 71.2%. Most of the patients were regularly retreated with repeated cycles. Initial median supine TcpCO2 in symptomatic limb was higher in untreated patients than those treated (58 vs. 49 mmHg; p < 0.05) and in non-responders compared to responders (60 vs. 49 mmHg; p < 0.05). TcpCO2 directly and significantly correlated with the highest risk of mortality and seems to represent a new accurate prognostic criterion of unfavourable short and long-term response to prostanoid. In iloprost group, major amputations were significantly reduced. Revascularization was significantly higher in non-responders (57.1% vs. 11.5%; p < 0.05). There was a significantly higher prevalence of subsequent myocardial infarction in the non-iloprost group (27.6% vs. 9.6%; p < 0.05). The survival rate of non-responders was higher than untreated up until the second year (76.2% vs. 62%; p < 0.05). At 4 years we found higher survival in patients treated with iloprost (64.3% vs. 41% in untreated; p < 0.05) and in responders (75% vs. 38.1% in non-responders; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm the favourable role of iloprost on the long-term outcome in patients with CLI. In particular, the maximum benefit is obtained in responder patients treated with multiple cycles of infusion.
Parasite spillback: a neglected concept in invasion ecology?

While there is good evidence linking animal introductions to impacts on native communities via disease emergence, our understanding of how such impacts occur is incomplete. Invasion ecologists have focused on the disease risks to native communities through "spillover" of infectious agents introduced with nonindigenous hosts, while overlooking a potentially more common mechanism of impact, that of "parasite spillback. " We hypothesize that parasite spillback could occur when a nonindigenous species is a competent host for a native parasite, with the presence of the additional host increasing disease impacts in native species. Despite its lack of formalization in all recent reviews of the role of parasites in species introductions, aspects of the invasion process actually favor parasite spillback over spillover. We specifically review the animal-parasite literature and show that native species (arthropods, parasitoids, protozoa, and helminths) account for 67% of the parasite fauna of nonindigenous animals from a range of taxonomic groups. We show that nonindigenous species can be highly competent hosts for such parasites and provide evidence that infection by native parasites does spillback from nonindigenous species to native host species, with effects at both the host individual and population scale. We conclude by calling for greater recognition of parasite spillback as a potential threat to native species, discuss possible reasons for its neglect by invasion ecologists, and identify future research directions.
Deltoid Ligament and Tibiofibular Syndesmosis Injury in Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation at 3T and Comparison with Arthroscopy

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of deltoid ligament and distal tibiofibular syndesmosis injury on 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI). Materials and Methods Fifty patients (mean age, 35 years) who had undergone preoperative 3T MRI and surgical treatment for CLAI were enrolled. The prevalence of deltoid ligament and syndesmosis injury were assessed. The complexity of lateral collateral ligament complex (LCLC) injury was correlated with prevalence of deltoid or syndesmosis injuries. The diagnostic accuracy of ankle ligament imaging at 3T MRI was analyzed using arthroscopy as a reference standard. Results On MRI, deltoid ligament injury was identified in 18 (36%) patients as follows: superficial ligament alone, 9 (50%); deep ligament alone 2 (11%); and both ligaments 7 (39%). Syndesmosis abnormality was found in 21 (42%) patients as follows: anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL) alone, 19 (90%); and AITFL and interosseous ligament, 2 (10%). There was no correlation between LCLC injury complexity and the prevalence of an accompanying deltoid or syndesmosis injury on both MRI and arthroscopic findings. MRI sensitivity and specificity for detection of deltoid ligament injury were 84% and 93.5%, and those for detection of syndesmosis injury were 91% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion Deltoid ligament or syndesmosis injuries were common in patients undergoing surgery for CLAI, regardless of the LCLC injury complexity. 3T MRI is helpful for the detection of all types of ankle ligament injury. Therefore, careful interpretation of pre-operative MRI is essential.
Effective connectivity of brain regions underlying third-party punishment: Functional MRI and Granger causality evidence

ABSTRACT Third-party punishment (TPP) for norm violations is an essential deterrent in large-scale human societies, and builds on two essential cognitive functions: evaluating legal responsibility and determining appropriate punishment. Despite converging evidence that TPP is mediated by a specific set of brain regions, little is known about their effective connectivity (direction and strength of connections). Applying parametric event-related functional MRI in conjunction with multivariate Granger causality analysis, we asked healthy participants to estimate how much punishment a hypothetical perpetrator deserves for intentionally committing criminal offenses varying in levels of harm. Our results confirmed that TPP legal decisions are based on two domain-general networks: the mentalizing network for evaluating legal responsibility and the central-executive network for determining appropriate punishment. Further, temporal pole (TP) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (PFC) emerged as hubs of the mentalizing network, uniquely generating converging output connections to ventromedial PFC, temporo-parietal junction, and posterior cingulate. In particular, dorsomedial PFC received inputs only from TP and both its activation and its connectivity to dorsolateral PFC correlated with degree of punishment. This supports the hypothesis that dorsomedial PFC acts as the driver of the TPP activation pattern, leading to the decision on the appropriate punishment. In conclusion, these results advance our understanding of the organizational elements of the TPP brain networks and provide better insights into the mental states of judges and jurors tasked with blaming and punishing legal wrongs.
An Effective Two-Step Intrusion Detection Approach Based on Binary Classification and $k$ -NN

Intrusion detection has been an important countermeasure to secure computing infrastructures from malicious attacks. To improve detection performance and reduce bias towards frequent attacks, this paper proposes a two-step hybrid method based on binary classification and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-NN technique. Step 1 employs several binary classifiers and one aggregation module to effectively detect the exact classes of network connections. After step 1, the connections whose classes are uncertain are sent to step 2 to further determine their classes by the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-NN algorithm. Step 2 is based on the outcomes of step 1 and yields a beneficial supplement to step 1. By combining the two steps, the proposed method achieves reliable results on the NSL-KDD data set. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated in comparison with five supervised learning techniques. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms baselines with respect to various evaluation criteria. In particular, for U2R and R2L attacks, the F1-scores of the proposed method are much higher than those of baselines. Furthermore, comparisons with some recent hybrid approaches are also listed. The results illustrate that the proposed method is competitive.
Long-term incidence trends of HPV-related cancers, and cases preventable by HPV vaccination: a registry-based study in Norway

Objectives Examine long-term incidence trends of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancer in Norway, and estimate the number of cancer cases preventable by vaccines against HPV 16/18 or HPV 16/18/31/33/45/52/58. Design Observational registry-based study. We extracted incident cases of HPV-related cancer during 1953–2015 from the Cancer Registry of Norway. Tumour HPV prevalence estimates from large international meta-analyses or from Norway were used to estimate the protective potential of HPV vaccines. Participants and setting The Norwegian population. Primary outcome measures Incidence trend analyses during 1953–2015 for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix, vulva, vagina, oropharynx, anus and penis, and adenocarcinoma of the cervix. Additionally, the number of cancer cases preventable by HPV vaccination. Results Among women, incidences of SCC of the anus, oropharynx, vulva and cervical adenocarcinoma increased, while vaginal SCC showed no trend. For these cancers combined, the average annual percentage change (AAPC) during 1953–2015 was 1.2 (95% CI 0.7 to 1.6). The incidence of cervical SCC generally decreased during 1976–2004 and remained stable thereafter. Among men, incidences of SCC of the anus, oropharynx and penis increased. The AAPC during 1953–2015 combined for all male HPV-related cancer was 1.9 (95% CI 1.3 to 2.5). A vaccine against HPV 16/18 might yearly prevent 402 (95% CI 382 to 420) cancers. A vaccine against HPV 16/18/31/33/45/52/58 might yearly prevent 478 (95% CI 464 to 490) cancers, of which 206 (95% CI 202 to 209) occur in non-cervical organs, and 113 (95% CI 110 to 115) occur among men. Conclusions The incidences of HPV-related cancers that are not effectively prevented by screening have generally increased during 1953–2015. HPV vaccination can prevent a substantial number of cancers in Norway, in cervical and non-cervical organs, among women and men.
Visual demonstration of three-scale sea-surface roughness under light wind conditions

During the Southern Ocean Waves Experiment (SOWEX) an aircraft carried a down-looking video camera to help document the sea surface. Reflected images of the aircraft were intermittently observed in the video recorded at 15-30-m height under light and variable wind conditions. A numerical simulation was developed to relate image contrast to the gravity-capillary wave contribution to sea-surface mean square slope (mss). "Carnival fun-house" mirror-type distortions of the image in the absence of the gravity-capillary waves relate to intermediate-scale wave persistence when wind forcing stops. Video image estimates of mss correlated better with 36-GHz scanning radar altimeter estimates than with the wind speed measured at 30-m height. When the gravity-capillary waves disappeared in the absence of wind forcing, about one-third of the 0.0015 residual mss was contributed by the dominant waves, and about two-thirds was contributed by the 1-10-m wavelength region. Near the shores of a lake in Alaska, reflected aircraft images were also observed, indicating that the gravity-capillary wave contribution to mss was only about 0.000 001, even though the wind speed at the 160-m aircraft height was 10 m/s.
Paradoxical adipose hyperplasia after cryolipolysis.

IMPORTANCE Cryolipolysis is the noninvasive reduction of fat with localized cutaneous cooling. Since initial introduction, over 650,000 cryolipolysis treatment cycles have been performed worldwide. We present a previously unreported, rare adverse effect following cryolipolysis: paradoxical adipose hyperplasia. OBSERVATIONS A man in his 40s underwent a single cycle of cryolipolysis to his abdomen. Three months following his treatment, a gradual enlargement of the treatment area was noted. This enlargement was a large, well-demarcated subcutaneous mass, slightly tender to palpation. Imaging studies revealed accumulation of adipose tissue with normal signal intensity within the treatment area. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Paradoxical adipose hyperplasia is a rare, previously unreported adverse effect of cryolipolysis with an incidence of 0.0051%. No single unifying risk factor has been identified. The phenomenon seems to be more common in male patients undergoing cryolipolysis. At this time, there is no evidence of spontaneous resolution. Further studies are needed to characterize the pathogenesis and histologic findings of this rare adverse event.
Analysis of the performance of a non-coherent large scale SIMO system based on M-DPSK under Rician fading

In this paper we extend the analysis of the performance of a non-coherent large-scale single input multiple output (LS-SIMO) uplink system based on M-DPSK to consider Rician-K fading channel conditions. The interference is analyzed for a generalized k—factor and we provide analytical expressions of the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) for a single user. We demonstrate that for Rician fading our proposed system is independent of the channel statistics, which simplifies the receiver design. The performance is evaluated in terms of the required number of antennas and the error probability. Finally, we provide numerical results showing that our proposal require a lower number of receive antennas to achieve a given error probability than other non-coherent benchmark schemes available in the literature. As the results show an increase in the spectral efficiency using DPSK modulation combined with NC LS-SIMO, this makes it a good candidate for 5G and beyond.
Cryptic matters: overlooked species generate most butterfly beta‐diversity

The cryptic fraction of biodiversity is composed of morphologically similar species that are or have been overlooked by scientists. Although current research is increasingly documenting new cases, cryptic species are frequently ignored in large-scale studies and monitoring programs, either because they have not yet been discovered, or because of the practical difficulties involved in differentiating them. However, it is unknown if this could represent a bias extending beyond the number of missed species. By analyzing the butterfly fauna of the west Mediterranean (335 species), we defined cryptic species based on the current consensus of the scientific community, compared their properties to other congeneric species and investigated the consequences of their inclusion/exclusion in beta-diversity analyses. We show that, as defined, the cryptic fraction of butterfly diversity represents about 25% of the west Mediterranean fauna and is overwhelmingly composed by groups of species that are not sympatric. Our results show that co-occurrence among cryptic species is significantly lower than among congeneric non-cryptic species. Accordingly, albeit the frequency of cryptic species is homogenously distributed over the study area, their distribution pattern accounts for most beta-diversity turnover over sea (from 50 to 100%). Beta-diversity turnover, a direct measure of the frequency of species replacement from site to site, is recognized as a fundamental parameter in ecology and is widely used to detect biogeographic patterns. These findings represent a change of paradigm in showing that cryptic diversity comprises original qualitative aspects in addition to merely quantitative ones. This highlights the importance of differentiating cryptic species for various research fields and opens the door to the study of further potential particularities of cryptic diversity.
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding with Synchronized Magnetic Oscillation

The search for improvements in mechanized/automated welding techniques has been intense due to skilled labour shortage. In this line, the combination of operational modes (polarity and/or metal transfer mode) within a process has gained attention, since it expands the adjustability of the arc energy. By combining this feature with arc motion, the arc energy delivered to the workpiece can be optimally distributed. Therefore, this work exploits the synchronization between arc magnetic oscillation and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process to control weld bead formation. A system was devised to control the magnetic oscillation and a welding power source synchronously. Charac‐ terization of the synchronized magnetic oscillation was carried out based on highspeed filming and electrical data. The welding process was then synchronized with the magnetic oscillation varying the level of welding current according to the arc timeposition, being the effect on weld bead width considered for analysis. Welding without oscillation and with unsynchronized magnetic oscillation were taken as references. The synchronized magnetic oscillation made possible to achieve larger weld bead width on the side with higher current level and longer lateral stop time and vice versa. This technique might be beneficial to applications where extreme weld bead control is required.