Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Different Effects of Maternal Low-Isoflavone Soy Protein and Genistein Consumption on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism of 21-Day-Old Male Rat Offspring

Amino acid composition and isoflavone are alleged contributors to the beneficial effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) on lipid metabolism. Therefore, we investigated the contributing component(s) of SPI in a maternal diet to the regulation of lipid metabolism in offspring. We also determined serum parameters in dams to investigate specific maternal cues that might be responsible for this regulation. Female rats were fed either a casein (CAS), a low-isoflavone SPI, or a casein plus genistein (GEN, 250 mg/kg) diet for two weeks before mating, as well as during pregnancy and lactation. Male offspring (CAS, SPI and GEN groups) were studied 21 days after birth. The SPI group had lower serum triglyceride levels than the other groups. Serum cholesterol was reduced in both the SPI and GEN groups compared with the CAS group. Expressions of target genes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α were altered in the SPI group. Serum aromatic amino acid levels in dams were associated with serum triglyceride in offspring. In conclusion, the maternal consumption of a low-isoflavone SPI diet or a casein diet containing genistein has different effects on the lipid metabolism of their offspring; however, more profound effects were observed in the SPI group. Therefore, the altered lipid metabolism of offspring may be attributed to amino acid composition in maternal dietary protein sources.
When Should ED Physicians Use an HIE? Predicting Presence of Patient Data in an HIE

Objectives Health information exchanges (HIEs) make possible the construction of databases to characterize patients as multisystem users (MSUs), those visiting emergency departments (EDs) of more than one hospital system within a region during a 1-year period. HIE data can inform an algorithm highlighting patients for whom information is more likely to be present in the HIE, leading to a higher yield HIE experience for ED clinicians and incentivizing their adoption of HIE. Our objective was to describe patient characteristics that determine which ED patients are likely to be MSUs and therefore have information in an HIE, thereby improving the efficacy of HIE use and increasing ED clinician perception of HIE benefit. Methods Data were extracted from a regional HIE involving four hospital systems (11 EDs) in the Charleston, South Carolina area. We used univariate and multivariable regression analyses to develop a predictive model for MSU status. Results Factors associated with MSUs included younger age groups, dual-payer insurance status, living in counties that are more rural, and one of at least six specific diagnoses: mental disorders; symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions; complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium; diseases of the musculoskeletal system; injury and poisoning; and diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs. For patients with multiple ED visits during 1 year, 43.8% of MSUs had ≥4 visits, compared with 18.0% of non-MSUs (P < 0.0001). Conclusions This predictive model accurately identified patients cared for at multiple hospital systems and can be used to increase the likelihood that time spent logging on to the HIE will be a value-added effort for emergency physicians.
ATM directs DNA damage responses and proteostasis via genetically separable pathways

Independent functions in the response to DNA damage and to oxidative stress broaden the biological roles of the kinase ATM. The many roles of ATM The kinase ATM is classically known for its role in coordinating the response to DNA damage. DNA damage is caused by various intracellular and extracellular stimuli, including oxidative stress and free radicals. Lee et al. found critical amino acid residues that enable ATM to coordinate a response to DNA damage that is independent of its response to oxidative stress. Activation of ATM by either pathway promoted mitochondrial function and autophagy, thus mediating cell survival through metabolic changes. ATM activation via oxidative stress additionally promoted the clearance of toxic protein aggregates. These findings expand the roles of ATM and suggest that the loss of ATM function, such as in the neurodegenerative disease ataxia telangiectasia (A-T), causes broader cellular stress than that limited to a defective DNA damage response. The protein kinase ATM is a master regulator of the DNA damage response but also responds directly to oxidative stress. Loss of ATM causes ataxia telangiectasia, a neurodegenerative disorder with pleiotropic symptoms that include cerebellar dysfunction, cancer, diabetes, and premature aging. We genetically separated the activation of ATM by DNA damage from that by oxidative stress using separation-of-function mutations. We found that deficient activation of ATM by the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex and DNA double-strand breaks resulted in loss of cell viability, checkpoint activation, and DNA end resection in response to DNA damage. In contrast, loss of oxidative activation of ATM had minimal effects on DNA damage–related outcomes but blocked ATM-mediated initiation of checkpoint responses after oxidative stress and resulted in deficiencies in mitochondrial function and autophagy. In addition, expression of a variant ATM incapable of activation by oxidative stress resulted in widespread protein aggregation. These results indicate a direct relationship between the mechanism of ATM activation and its effects on cellular metabolism and DNA damage responses in human cells and implicate ATM in the control of protein homeostasis.
Height and Weight Bias: The Influence of Time

Background We have previously identified in a study of both self-reported body mass index (BMI) and clinically measured BMI that the sensitivity score in the obese category has declined over a 10-year period. It is known that self-reported weight is significantly lower that measured weight and that self-reported height is significantly higher than measured height. The purpose of this study is to establish if self-reported height bias or weight bias, or both, is responsible for the declining sensitivity in the obese category between self-reported and clinically measured BMI. Methods We report on self-reported and clinically measured height and weight from three waves of the Surveys of Lifestyle Attitudes and Nutrition (SLÁN) involving a nationally representative sample of Irish adults. Data were available from 66 men and 142 women in 1998, 147 men and 184 women in 2002 and 909 men and 1128 women in 2007. Respondents were classified into BMI categories normal (<25 kg/m2), overweight (25–<30 kg/m2) and obese (≥30 kg/m2). Results Self-reported height bias has remained stable over time regardless of gender, age or clinical BMI category. Self-reported weight bias increases over time for both genders and in all age groups. The increased weight bias is most notable in the obese category. Conclusions BMI underestimation is increasing across time. Knowledge that the widening gap between self-reported BMI and measured BMI is attributable to an increased weight bias brings us one step closer to accurately estimating true obesity levels in the population using self-reported data.
Ultrafast Transmission Line Fault Detection Using a DWT-Based ANN

Digital impedance protection of transmission lines suffers from known shortcomings not only as a principle but also as an application. This necessitates developing a new relaying principle that overcomes those shortcomings. Such a principle is offered in this paper and is currently being validated using field data. The principle is a new application of wavelet-based artificial neural networks (ANNs). The application uses high-frequency content of a subset of local currents of one end of a protected line to classify transients on the line protected and its adjacent lines. The scheme can classify transients—including faults—occurring on a protected line, categorize transients on adjacent lines, and pinpoint the line causing the transient event. It is shown that the feature vector of the event can be determined from a subset of local currents without using any voltages altogether. The subset of local currents consists of the two aerial modes of the local current. Modal transformation is used to transform phase currents to modal quantities. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used to extract high-frequency components of the two aerial modal currents. A feature vector is built using the wavelets details coefficients of one level of the aerial modes and is used to train an ANN. Results show that the classes corres-ponding to each transient event type on the protected line and its adjacent lines are almost linearly separable from each other. Results demonstrate that very accurate classification using one-eighth of a cycle of postevent data is possible.
PERSONALITY PROCESSES AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Decreased Latent Inhibition Is Associated With Increased Creative Achievement in High-Functioning Individuals

Reductions in latent inhibition (LI), the capacity to screen from conscious awareness stimuli previously experienced as irrelevant, have been generally associated with the tendency towards psychosis. However, “failure” to screen out previously irrelevant stimuli might also hypothetically contribute to original thinking, particularly in combination with high IQ. Meta-analysis of two studies, conducted on youthful high-IQ samples, demonstrated that high lifetime creative achievers had significantly lower LI scores than low creative achievers ( r effectsize (cid:1) . 31, p (cid:1) . 0003, one-tailed). Eminent creative achievers (participants under 21 years who reported unusually high scores in a single domain of creative achievement) were 7 times more likely to have low rather than high LI scores, (cid:1) 2 (1, N (cid:1) 25) (cid:1) 10.69, (cid:2) (cid:1) . 47, p (cid:1) . 003. How do you
In vitro evaluation of the genotoxicity of CeO2 nanoparticles in human peripheral blood lymphocytes using cytokinesis-block micronucleus test, comet assay, and gamma H2AX

Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are used in a wide range of applications because of their unique properties. Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) are one of the important ENPs, and they can cause negative health effects, such as genotoxicity, in humans and other living organisms. The aim of this work was to analyze the genotoxic effects of short-term (3–24 h) CeO2 NPs exposure to cultured human blood lymphocytes. Three genotoxicity systems “cytokinesis-block micronucleus test, comet assay, and gamma H2AX test” were used to show the genotoxic potential of CeO2 NPs (particle size <25 nm, concentrations: 6, 12, and 18 µg/mL). Hydrogen peroxide was selected as the positive-control genotoxic agent. Our results indicate that CeO2 NPs have genotoxic potential on human peripheral blood lymphocytes cells even at 3–24 h exposure under in vitro conditions.
Explorer Is orthographic information from multiple parafoveal words processed in parallel

In the current study we investigated whether orthographic information available from one upcoming parafoveal word influences the processing of another parafoveal word. Across two experiments we used the boundary paradigm (Rayner, 1975) to present participants with an identity preview of the two words after the boundary (e.g. hot pan), a preview in which two letters were transposed between these words (e.g. hop tan), or a preview in which the same two letters were substituted (e.g. hob fan). We hypothesized that if these two words were processed in parallel in the parafovea then we may observe significant preview benefits for the condition in which the letters were transposed between words relative to the condition in which the letters were substituted. However, no such effect was observed, with participants fixating the words for the same amount of time in both conditions. This was the case both when the transposition was made between the final and first letter of the two words (e.g. hop tan as a preview of hot pan; Experiment 1) and when the transposition maintained within word letter position (e.g. pit hop as a preview of hit pop; Experiment 2). The implications of these findings are considered in relation to serial and parallel lexical processing during
Design and Implementation of an RFID-Based Customer Shopping Behavior Mining System

Shopping behavior data is of great importance in understanding the effectiveness of marketing and merchandising campaigns. Online clothing stores are capable of capturing customer shopping behavior by analyzing the click streams and customer shopping carts. Retailers with physical clothing stores, however, still lack effective methods to comprehensively identify shopping behaviors. In this paper, we show that backscatter signals of passive RFID tags can be exploited to detect and record how customers browse stores, which garments they pay attention to, and which garments they usually pair up. The intuition is that the phase readings of tags attached to items will demonstrate distinct yet stable patterns in a time-series when customers look at, pick out, or turn over desired items. We design ShopMiner, a framework that harnesses these unique spatial-temporal correlations of time-series phase readings to detect comprehensive shopping behaviors. We have implemented a prototype of ShopMiner with a COTS RFID reader and four antennas, and tested its effectiveness in two typical indoor environments. Empirical studies from two-week shopping-like data show that ShopMiner is able to identify customer shopping behaviors with high accuracy and low overhead, and is robust to interference.
Bifunctional Phosphorus Dendrimers and Their Properties

Dendrimers are hyperbranched and monodisperse macromolecules, generally considered as a special class of polymers, but synthesized step-by-step. Most dendrimers have a uniform structure, with a single type of terminal function. However, it is often desirable to have at least two different functional groups. This review will discuss the case of bifunctional phosphorus-containing dendrimers, and the consequences for their properties. Besides the terminal functions, dendritic structures may have also a function at the core, or linked off-center to the core, or at the core of dendrons (dendritic wedges). Association of two dendrons having different terminal functions leads to Janus dendrimers (two faces). The internal structure can also possess functional groups on one layer, or linked to one layer, or on several layers. Finally, there are several ways to have two types of terminal functions, besides the case of Janus dendrimers: either each terminal function bears two functions sequentially, or two different functions are linked to each terminal branching point. Examples of each type of structure will be given in this review, as well as practical uses of such sophisticated structures in the fields of fluorescence, catalysis, nanomaterials and biology.
Purification and SAXS Analysis of the Integrin Linked Kinase, PINCH, Parvin (IPP) Heterotrimeric Complex

The heterotrimeric protein complex containing the integrin linked kinase (ILK), parvin, and PINCH proteins, termed the IPP complex, is an essential component of focal adhesions, where it interacts with many proteins to mediate signaling from integrin adhesion receptors. Here we conduct a biochemical and structural analysis of the minimal IPP complex, comprising full-length human ILK, the LIM1 domain of PINCH1, and the CH2 domain of α-parvin. We provide a detailed purification protocol for IPP and show that the purified IPP complex is stable and monodisperse in solution. Using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), we also conduct the first structural characterization of IPP, which reveals an elongated shape with dimensions 120×60×40 Å. Flexibility analysis using the ensemble optimization method (EOM) is consistent with an IPP complex structure with limited flexibility, raising the possibility that inter-domain interactions exist. However, our studies suggest that the inter-domain linker in ILK is accessible and we detect no inter-domain contacts by gel filtration analysis. This study provides a structural foundation to understand the conformational restraints that govern the IPP complex.
Computational topology and the Unique Games Conjecture

Covering spaces of graphs have long been useful for studying expanders (as "graph lifts") and unique games (as the "label-extended graph"). In this paper we advocate for the thesis that there is a much deeper relationship between computational topology and the Unique Games Conjecture. Our starting point is Linial's 2005 observation that the only known problems whose inapproximability is equivalent to the Unique Games Conjecture - Unique Games and Max-2Lin - are instances of Maximum Section of a Covering Space on graphs. We then observe that the reduction between these two problems (Khot-Kindler-Mossel-O'Donnell, FOCS 2004; SICOMP, 2007) gives a well-defined map of covering spaces. We further prove that inapproximability for Maximum Section of a Covering Space on (cell decompositions of) closed 2-manifolds is also equivalent to the Unique Games Conjecture. This gives the first new "Unique Games-complete" problem in over a decade. Our results partially settle an open question of Chen and Freedman (SODA 2010; Disc. Comput. Geom., 2011) from computational topology, by showing that their question is almost equivalent to the Unique Games Conjecture. (The main difference is that they ask for inapproximability over $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$, and we show Unique Games-completeness over $\mathbb{Z}/k\mathbb{Z}$ for large $k$.) This equivalence comes from the fact that when the structure group $G$ of the covering space is Abelian - or more generally for principal $G$-bundles - Maximum Section of a $G$-Covering Space is the same as the well-studied problem of 1-Homology Localization. Although our most technically demanding result is an application of Unique Games to computational topology, we hope that our observations on the topological nature of the Unique Games Conjecture will lead to applications of algebraic topology to the Unique Games Conjecture in the future.
HGAA: An Architecture to Support Hierarchical Group and Attribute-Based Access Control

Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC), a promising alternative to traditional models of access control, has gained significant attention in recent academic literature. This attention has lead to the creation of a number of ABAC models including our previous contribution, Hierarchical Group and Attribute-Based Access Control (HGABAC). However, to date few complete solutions exist that provide both an ABAC model and architecture that could be implemented in real life scenarios. This work aims to advance progress towards a complete ABAC solution by introducing Hierarchical Group Attribute Architecture (HGAA), an architecture to support HGABAC and close the gap between a model and real world implementation. In addition to HGAA we also present an attribute certificate specification that enables users to provide proof of attribute ownership in a pseudonymous and off-line manner, as well as an update to the Hierarchical Group Policy Language (HGPL) to support our namespace for uniquely identifying attributes across disparate security domains. Details of our HGAA implementation are given and a preliminary analysis of its performance is discussed as well as directions for future work.
Effects of reduced‐volume of sprint interval training and the time course of physiological and performance adaptations

This study sought to determine the time course of training adaptations to two different sprint interval training programmes with the same sprint: rest ratio (1:8) but different sprint duration. Nine participants (M: 7; F: 2) were assigned to 15‐second training group (15TG) consisting of 4‐6 × 15‐second sprints interspersed with 2‐minute recovery, whereas eight participants (M: 5; F: 3) were assigned to 30‐second training group (30TG) consisting of 4‐6 × 30 second sprints interspersed with 4‐minute recovery. Both groups performed their respective training twice per week over 9 weeks and changes in peak oxygen uptake ( V˙O2peak ) and time to exhaustion (TTE) were assessed every 3 weeks. Additional eight healthy active adults (M: 6; F: 2) completed the performance assessments 9 weeks apart without performing training (control group, CON). Following 9 weeks of training, both groups improved V˙O2peak (15TG: 12.1%; 30TG: 12.8%, P<.05) and TTE (15TG: 16.2%; 30TG: 12.8%, P<.01) to a similar extent. However, while both groups showed the greatest gains in V˙O2peak at 3 weeks (15TG: 16.6%; 30TG: 17.0%, P<.001), those in TTE were greatest at 9 weeks. CON did not change any of performance variables following 9 weeks. This study demonstrated that while the changes in cardiorespiratory function plateau within several weeks with sprint interval training, endurance capacity (TTE) is more sensitive to such training over a longer time frame in moderately‐trained individuals. Furthermore, a 50% reduction in sprint duration does not diminish overall training adaptations over 9 weeks.
Allogeneic mesenchymal precursor cells (MPCs): an innovative approach to treating advanced heart failure

ABSTRACT Introduction: Over 37 million people worldwide are living with Heart Failure (HF). Advancements in medical therapy have improved mortality primarily by slowing the progression of left ventricular dysfunction and debilitating symptoms. Ultimately, heart transplantation, durable mechanical circulatory support (MCS), or palliative care are the only options for patients with end-stage HF. Regenerative therapies offer an innovative approach, focused on reversing myocardial dysfunction and restoring healthy myocardial tissue. Initial clinical trials using autologous (self-donated) bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) demonstrated excellent safety, but only modest efficacy. Challenges with autologous stem cells include reduced quality and efficacy with increased patient age. The use of allogeneic mesenchymal precursor cells (MPCs) offers an “off the shelf” therapy, with consistent potency and less variability than autologous cells. Areas covered: Preclinical and initial clinical trials with allogeneic MPCs have been encouraging, providing the support for a large ongoing Phase III trial—DREAM-HF. We provide a comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical data supporting MPCs as a therapeutic option for HF patients. Expert opinion: The current data suggest allogeneic MPCs are a promising therapy for HF patients. The results of DREAM-HF will determine whether allogeneic MPCs can decrease major adverse clinical events (MACE) in advanced HF patients.