Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pharmacogenetics - A Treatment Strategy for Alcoholism

Alcoholism is a complex relapsing disorder of heterogeneous etiology, affecting people internationally. Alcohol dependence is a cumulative response of inability to stop drinking, craving and developing the symptoms of physical dependence and tolerance. In past two decades, mounting evidence has suggested that alcoholism or alcohol addiction is a host of major psychological, social, financial and health problems (Poznyak et al., 2005). According to World Health Organization, alcoholism is responsible for 4% of global disease burden and is the third major preventable risk factor for premature death and disability in developed nations (World Health Organization, 2002). Although, the exclusive biological mechanisms underlying the development of alcoholism are still uncertain, the major risk factors contributing towards the development of alcoholism are age (adolescents are at higher risk of developing alcoholism), gender (men are more prone to develop alcoholism as compared to women due to depression), personality (experience seeking), and psychiatric or behavioral disorders. The prevalence, age of onset, clinical symptoms and outcome of alcoholism differs from individual to individual and varies according to ethnicity (Kenneth et al., 2011). In addition to this, lower social status and low education have also been found to be associated with alcoholism in cross sectional and longitudinal studies (Fukuda et al., 2005; Poznyak et al., 2005; Subramanian et al., 2005; Wray et al., 2005).
The frontal lobes and voluntary action

Voluntary action motor cortex (area four) lateral premotor cortex (area six) medial premotor cortex (SMA) (area six) premotor (area eight) dorsal prefrontal cortex (areas four, six and nine) ventral prefrontal cortex (areas 11, 12, 13 and 14) basal ganglia the organization of the frontal lobe thought and voluntary action speech.
Biofilm formation is not required for early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis

Early-phase transmission (EPT) is a recently described model of plague transmission that explains the rapid spread of disease from flea to mammal host during an epizootic. Unlike the traditional blockage-dependent model of plague transmission, EPT can occur when a flea takes its first blood meal after initially becoming infected by feeding on a bacteraemic host. Blockage of the flea gut results from biofilm formation in the proventriculus, mediated by the gene products found in the haemin storage (hms) locus of the Yersinia pestis chromosome. Although biofilms are required for blockage-dependent transmission, the role of biofilms in EPT has yet to be determined. An artificial feeding system was used to feed Xenopsylla cheopis and Oropsylla montana rat blood spiked with the parental Y. pestis strain KIM5(pCD1)+, two different biofilm-deficient mutants (ΔhmsT, ΔhmsR), or a biofilm-overproducer mutant (ΔhmsP). Infected fleas were then allowed to feed on naïve Swiss Webster mice for 1–4 days after infection, and the mice were monitored for signs of infection. We also determined the bacterial loads of each flea that fed upon naïve mice. Biofilm-defective mutants transmitted from X. cheopis and O. montana as efficiently as the parent strain, whereas the EPT efficiency of fleas fed the biofilm-overproducing strain was significantly less than that of fleas fed either the parent or a biofilm-deficient strain. Fleas infected with a biofilm-deficient strain harboured lower bacterial loads 4 days post-infection than fleas infected with the parent strain. Thus, defects in biofilm formation did not prevent flea-borne transmission of Y. pestis in our EPT model, although biofilm overproduction inhibited efficient EPT. Our results also indicate, however, that biofilms may play a role in infection persistence in the flea.
A Multi-Lorentzian Timing Study of the Atoll Sources 4U 0614+09 and 4U 1728–34

We present the results of a multi-Lorentzian fit to the power spectra of two kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) sources: 4U 0614+09 and 4U 1728-34. This work was triggered by recent results of a similar fit to the black hole candidates (BHCs) GX 339-4 and Cyg X-1 by Nowak in 2000. We find that one to six Lorentzians are needed to fit the power spectra of our two sources. The use of exactly the same fit function reveals that the timing behavior of 4U 0614+09 and 4U 1728-34 is almost identical at luminosities that are about a factor of 5 different. As the characteristic frequency of the Lorentzians we use the frequency νmax, at which each component contributes most of its variance per log frequency, as proposed by Belloni, Psaltis, & van der Klis in 2001. When using νmax instead of the centroid frequency of the Lorentzian, the recently discovered hectohertz Lorentzian is practically constant in frequency. We use our results to test the suggestions by Psaltis, Belloni, & van der Klis in 1999 and Nowak in 2000 that the two Lorentzians describing the high-frequency end of the broadband noise in BHCs in the low state can be identified with the kilohertz QPOs in the neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries. The prediction for the neutron star sources is that if the two kilohertz QPOs are present, then these two high-frequency Lorentzians should be absent from the broadband noise. We find that when the two kilohertz QPOs are clearly present, the low-frequency part of the power spectrum is too complicated to draw immediate conclusions from the nature of the components detected in any one power spectrum. However, the relations we observe between the characteristic frequencies of the kilohertz QPOs and the band-limited noise, when compared to the corresponding relations in BHCs, hint toward the identification of the second highest frequency Lorentzian in the BHCs with the lower kilohertz QPO. They do not confirm the identification of the highest frequency Lorentzian with the upper kilohertz QPO.
How to Portray Men and Women in Advertisements? Explicit and Implicit Evaluations of Ads Depicting Different Gender Roles

The purpose of the current study was to gain more insight in the evaluation of advertisements containing different gender role portrayals (stereotypical/astereotypical) by examining explicit and implicit processes of ad evaluation. The results of two experiments showed an explicit preference for ads containing astereotypical images. Implicitly, we found a preference for ‘warm’ ads irrespective of the degree of gender stereotypicality of the ad. These findings suggest that complex stimuli such as ads may inhibit implicit gender stereotype activation. At an implicit level, warmth seems a better predictor of ad evaluation.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Medya Okuryazarlık Düzeyleri

Bu calismanin amaci ogretmen adaylari medya okuryazarlik ogretmen adaylarinin bilgisayar sahibi, internet erisimi, gazete / dergi takip etme, TV izleme sikligi ve internet kullanim sikligi degiskenlerin medya okuryazarlik aciklamaktir. Arastirma grubunu 2007-2008 egitim-ogretim donemi Usak Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi English, Sinif ve Sosyal Bilgiler Ogretmenligi'nden 495 ogretmen adayi olusturmustur. “Medya Okuryazarlik Duzey Belirleme” Olcegi ”ile toplanmistir. Olcegin gecerlilik calismasi icin uzman gorusune basvurulmus ve acimlayici faktor analizi yapildi. Acimlayici faktor analizi icin 17 madde ve 3 faktorden bir yapi elde etmek. Guvenirlik calismasi icin ise cronbach alpha degeri hesaplanmis ve , 840 olarak sunulmustur. Elde edilen analiz analizinde betimleyici istatistiklerle birlikte t testi, korelasyon ve ANOVA testleri. Elde olarak sirali ogretmen adaylarinin medya okuryazarlik seviylerinin yuksek bilgisayar ve internet sitesi, internet / gazete takip etme, TV izleme sikligi ve internet kullanma sikligi degiskenlerinin okuryazarlik duzeyi uzerinde anlamli etkisi oldugunu gostermistir.
Evaluation of non-rigid constrained CT/CBCT registration algorithms for delineation propagation in the context of prostate cancer radiotherapy

Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) aims at increasing the precision of radiation dose delivery. In the context of prostate cancer, a planning Computed Tomography (CT) image with manually defined prostate and organs at risk (OAR) delineations is usually associated with daily Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) follow-up images. The CBCT images allow to visualize the prostate position and to reposition the patient accordingly. They also should be used to evaluate the dose received by the organs at each fraction of the treatment. To do so, the first step is a prostate and OAR segmentation on the daily CBCTs, which is very timeconsuming. To simplify this task, CT to CBCT non-rigid registration could be used in order to propagate the original CT delineations in the CBCT images. For this aim, we compared several non-rigid registration methods. They are all based on the Mutual Information (MI) similarity measure, and use a BSpline transformation model. But we add different constraints to this global scheme in order to evaluate their impact on the final results. These algorithms are investigated on two real datasets, representing a total of 70 CBCT on which a reference delineation has been realized. The evaluation is led using the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) as a quality criteria. The experiments show that a rigid penalty term on the bones improves the final registration result, providing high quality propagated delineations.
Farmers’ Perceptions, Knowledge, and Management of Coffee Pests and Diseases and Their Natural Enemies in Chiapas, Mexico

Abstract Small farmers’ perceptions of coffee Coffea arabica L. herbivores and their natural enemies, how those perceptions relate to field infestation levels, and pest management practices being implemented by members from two organic and nonorganic coffee grower organizations in the Soconusco region, southeastern Mexico, were analyzed through an interview survey, diagnostic workshops, and field sampling. The terms pest, disease, and damage were commonly used as synonyms. The major phytophagous species, as perceived by the interviewees, were Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), and to a lesser extent the fungi Corticium koleroga Cooke (Höhnel) and Hemileia vastatrix Berkeley & Broome. Among the nonorganic farmers, other nonpest-related constraints were regarded as more important. Awareness of the existence of natural enemies was low, despite more organic farmers have used the ectoparasitoid bethylid Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem against H. hampei. Labor supplied by household members was most frequent for pest control; only organic farmers exchanged labor for this purpose. The levels of infestation by H. hampei, Leucoptera coffeella Guérin-Méneville, and C. koleroga were lower within the organic coffee stands. However, a low effectiveness for pest control was commonly perceived, probably due to a feeling, among the organic farmers, of a low impact of their pest management extension service, whereas a lack of motivation was prevalent among the nonorganic farmers, shown by a concern with their low coffee yields and the emigration of youth. The importance of understanding farmers’ perceptions and knowledge of pests and their natural enemies and the need for participatory pest management approaches, are discussed.
Practical Approach for Reliable Detection of AmpC Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae

ABSTRACT In this prospective study all Enterobacteriaceae isolates (n = 2,129) recovered in the clinical microbiology laboratory during October 2009 to April 2010 were analyzed for AmpC production. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) cefoxitin and cefotetan susceptibility breakpoints and CLSI critical ESBL diameters were used to screen for potential AmpC producers. In total, 305 isolates (211 potential AmpC producers and 94 AmpC screen-negative isolates as a control group) were further analyzed by multiplex PCR for the detection of plasmid-encoded ampC beta-lactamase genes and by ampC promoter sequence analysis (considered as the gold standard). Cefoxitin and cefotetan were assessed as primary screening markers. The sensitivities of cefoxitin and cefotetan for the detection of AmpC production were 97.4 and 52.6%, respectively, and the specificities were 78.7 and 99.3%, respectively. As a phenotypic confirmation test, the Etest AmpC and the cefoxitin-cloxacillin double-disk synergy method (CC-DDS) were compared. The sensitivities for the Etest AmpC and the CC-DDS method were 77.4 and 97.2%, respectively, and the specificity was 100% for both methods. The results of the Etest AmpC were inconclusive for 10 isolates. With the CC-DDS method 2 inconclusive results were observed. Based on this study, we propose a comprehensive diagnostic flow chart for the detection of AmpC production consisting of a simple phenotypic screening and a single phenotypic confirmation test with inconclusive results being resolved by molecular analysis. For the proposed flow chart using (i) cefoxitin as a screening marker for AmpC production, (ii) the CC-DDS method as phenotypic confirmation, and (iii) molecular methods in case of inconclusive results, the sensitivity and specificity for AmpC detection would have been 97.4 and 100%, respectively, with respect to the studied isolates. The phenotypic methods used in the AmpC algorithm are simple to perform and easy to implement in the diagnostic laboratory.
Organizational Management in the Specialization Process of E-Learning

The objective of this study is to evaluate whether specialization has an impact on the E-Learning of universities. We identified organizational management dimension as our research site. With access to the teachers and staff members of E-Learning program, we obtained both qualitative and quantitative data from five universities for our factor analysis to define which variables are important, the results will help scholars formulate future research.
Evaluation of chromosomal abnormalities by clg-FISH and association with proliferative and apoptotic indexes in multiple myeloma

Eighty-six newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients from a public hospital of São Paulo (Brazil) were evaluated by cIg-FISH for the presence of del(13)(q14), t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) and del(17)(p13). These abnormalities were observed in 46.5, 9.3, and 7.0% of the patients, respectively. In order to identify the possible role of del(13)(q14) in the physiopathology of MM, we investigated the association between this abnormality and the proliferative and apoptotic indexes of plasma cells. When cases demonstrating t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) and del(17)(p13) were excluded from the analysis, we observed a trend towards a positive correlation between the proportion of cells carrying del(13)(q14) and plasma cell proliferation, determined by Ki-67 expression (r = 0.23, P = 0.06). On the other hand, no correlation between the proportion of cells carrying del(13)(q14) and apoptosis, determined by annexin-V staining, was detected (r = 0.05, P = 0.69). In general, patients carrying del(13)(q14) did not have lower survival than patients without del(13)(q14) (P = 0.15), but patients with more than 80% of cells carrying del(13)(q14) showed a lower overall survival (P = 0.033). These results suggest that, when del(13)(q14) is observed in a high proportion of malignant cells, it may have a role in determining MM prognosis. Another finding was a statistically significant lower overall survival of patients with t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) (P = 0.026). In the present study, almost half the patients with t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) died just after diagnosis, before starting treatment. This fact suggests that, in São Paulo, there may be even more patients with this chromosomal abnormality, but they probably die before being diagnosed due to unfavorable socioeconomic conditions. This could explain the low prevalence of this chromosomal abnormality observed in the present study.
The importance of surface pressure changes in the response of the atmosphere to zonally‐symmetric thermal and mechanical forcing

The classical problem of the response of a balanced, axisymmetric vortex to thermal and mechanical forcing is re-examined, paying special attention to the lower boundary condition. The correct condition is DΦ/Dt = 0, where Φ is the geopotential and D/Dt the material derivative, which explicitly accounts for a mass redistribution as part of the mean-flow response. This redistribution is neglected when using the boundary condition Dp/Dt = 0, which has conventionally been applied in this problem. It is shown that applying the incorrect boundary condition, and thereby ignoring the surface pressure change, leads to a zonal wind acceleration δū/δt that is too strong, especially near the surface. The effect is significant for planetary-scale forcing even when applied at tropopause level. A comparison is made between the mean-flow evolution in a baroclinic life-cycle, as simulated in a fully nonlinear, primitive-equation model, and that predicted by using the simulated eddy fluxes in the zonally-symmetric response problem. Use of the correct lower boundary condition is shown to lead to improved agreement.
Enumeration of Threshold Functions of Eight Variables

The number of threshold functions of eight variables is counted by ILLIAC II, the computer of the University of Illinois. Sets of optimum weights of majority elements realizing these functions also are investigated. Actually, canonical positive self-dual threshold functions of nine variables are investigated instead of directly investigating threshold functions of eight variables because it is easier to deal with them. The number and optimum weights of threshold functions of eight variables are easily obtained from these functions of nine variables and their realization.
Lianas Have a Greater Competitive Effect Than Trees of Similar Biomass on Tropical Canopy Trees

Lianas (woody vines) reduce growth and survival of host trees in both temperate and tropical forests; however, the relative strength of liana-tree competition in comparison to tree-tree competition remains unexplored. When controlling for biomass, lianas may have greater competitive effects than trees because the unique morphology of lianas allows them to reach the forest canopy at relatively small stem diameters and deploy a substantial crown above their host. We tested the hypothesis that lianas have a greater negative effect on canopy trees than do trees of similar biomass with a liana- and tree sapling-cutting experiment in a seasonal tropical moist forest in Panama. The response of canopy trees to the cutting treatments was characterized as the change in their daily water use by measuring their sap velocity before and after cutting. We compared the responses of canopy trees around which a similar biomass of either lianas or tree saplings had been cut to control trees with no cutting. Liana cutting increased canopy-tree sap velocity by ∼8% from before to after cutting relative to control trees during the dry season. In contrast, canopy-tree sap velocity did not respond to tree cutting, probably because trees with biomass similar to lianas were confined to the forest understory. We observed a similar pattern of sap velocity changes during the wet season, but treatment differences were not significant. Our results demonstrate that release from liana competition, but not tree competition, resulted in increased water transport in canopy trees, and suggests that relative to their biomass, lianas have greater competitive effects on canopy tree performance than do competing trees.
The effect of hospitableness and servicescape on guest satisfaction in the hotel industry

This paper aims to investigate the influence of hotel hospitality on hotel guest satisfaction along with the moderating effect of the hotel servicescape on the relationship between hospitality and satisfaction. In this preliminary study, which involved 403 hotel guests in Malaysia, we employed a questionnaire survey as the main method of data collection. The structural equation modelling (CFA) used to assess the model revealed a good fit. A hierarchical moderated regression analysis was performed and showed statistical support for the positive influence of hotel hospitality on guest satisfaction as well as a positive moderating effect of servicescape. Copyright © 2013 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Resume Le present article examine l′influence de l′hospitalite hoteliere sur la satisfaction des clients et l′effet moderateur de l′environnement du service hotelier sur la relation entre l′hospitalite et la satisfaction. Dans cette etude preliminaire menee aupres de 403 hotels malaisiens, un questionnaire est utilise comme principale methode de collecte de donnees. La modelisation par equation structurelle utilisee pour l′evaluation du modele met en evidence une parfaite adequation. L′analyse de regression moderee hierarchique fournit les preuves statistiques de l′influence positive de l′hospitalite hoteliere sur la satisfaction des clients et de l′effet moderateur positif de l′environnement du service. Copyright © 2013 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The automaticity of everyday life.

Contents: Preface. J.A. Bargh, The Automaticity of Everyday Life. M.R. Banaji, I.V. Blair, J. Glaser, Environments and Unconscious Processes. R.F. Baumeister, K.L. Sommer, Consciousness, Free Choice, and Automaticity. L. Berkowitz, Some Thoughts Extending Bargh's Argument. C.S. Carver, Associations to Automaticity. G. Clore, T. Ketelaar, Minding Our Emotions: On the Role of Automatic, Unconscious Affect. D. Cohen, Ifs and Thens in Cultural Psychology. W.L. Gardner, J.T. Cacioppo, Automaticity and Social Behavior: A Model, A Marriage and a Merger. C.D. Hardin, A.J. Rothman, Rendering Accessible Information Relevant: The Applicability of Everyday Life. G.D. Logan, The Automaticity of Academic Life: Unconscious Applications of an Implicit Theory. W. Mischel, Was the Cognitive Revolution Just a Detour on the Road to Behaviorism? On the Need to Reconcile Situational Control and Personal Control. E.R. Smith, Preconscious Automaticity in a Modular Connectionist System. T.K. Srull, The Vicissitudes of Social Behavior and Mental Life. J. Tzelgov, Automatic but Conscious: That Is How We Act Most of the Time. J.A. Bargh, Reply to Commentaries.
Data-driven clustering in emotional space for affect recognition using discriminatively trained LSTM networks

In today’s affective databases speech turns are often labelled on a continuous scale for emotional dimensions such as valence or arousal to better express the diversity of human affect. However, applications like virtual agents usually map the detected emotional user state to rough classes in order to reduce the multiplicity of emotion dependent system responses. Since these classes often do not optimally reflect emotions that typically occur in a given application, this paper investigates data-driven clustering of emotional space to find class divisions that better match the training data and the area of application. Thereby we consider the Belfast Sensitive Artificial Listener database and TV talkshow data from the VAM corpus. We show that a discriminatively trained Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural net that explicitly learns clusters in emotional space and additionally models context information outperforms both, Support Vector Machines and a Regression-LSTM net. Index Terms: emotion recognition, affective databases, long short-term memory