Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Volumetric Neuroimaging of the Atlantic White‐Sided Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus) Brain from in situ Magnetic Resonance Images

The structure and development of the brain are extremely difficult to study in free‐ranging marine mammals. Here, we report measurements of total white matter (WM), total gray matter (GM), cerebellum (WM and GM), hippocampus, and corpus callosum made from magnetic resonance (MR) images of fresh, postmortem brains of the Atlantic white‐sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus) imaged in situ (i.e., the brain intact within the skull, with the head still attached to the body). WM:GM volume ratios of the entire brain increased from fetus to adult, illustrating the increase in myelination during ontogeny. The cerebellum (WM and GM combined) of subadult and adult dolphins ranged from 13.8 to 15.0% of total brain size, much larger than that of primates. The corpus callosum mid‐sagittal area to brain mass ratios (CCA/BM) ranged from 0.088 to 0.137, smaller than in most mammals. Dolphin hippocampal volumes were smaller than those of carnivores, ungulates, and humans, consistent with previous qualitative results assessed from histological studies of the bottlenose dolphin brain. These quantitative measurements of white matter, gray matter, corpus callosum, and hippocampus are the first to be determined from MR images for any cetacean species. We establish here an approach for accurately determining the size of brain structures from in situ MR images of stranded, dead dolphins. This approach can be used not only for comparative and developmental studies of marine mammal brains but also for investigation of the potential impacts of natural and anthropogenic chemicals on neurodevelopment and neuroanatomy in exposed marine mammal populations. Anat Rec, 291:263–282, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using shared online blogs to structure and support informal coach learning—part 1: a tool to promote reflection and communities of practice

Coaches' apparent preferences for informal and self-directed modes of learning have been highlighted in the literature. Consequently, there is a need for innovative coach education approaches that complement these clearly preferred, informal routes and better provide coaches with the professional skills they need to deal with the complex nature of their work. Online blogs are one such tool said to have the potential to strengthen and promote critical thinking and reflection on professional practice; however, research evidence and theoretical frameworks for their use is inconclusive and currently lacking. Therefore, the purpose of part 1 of this two-part investigation was to explore the use of shared online blogs as a tool to promote reflection and community of practice (CoP) in a cohort of 24 undergraduate sports coaching students (5 females, 19 males). Four group blogs, purposely designed to support informal workplace learning, were subjected to content analysis in order to determine the emergent reflective quality of blog entries and the extent to which functioning online CoPs emerged. Findings revealed that shared blogs were a useful tool to promote higher order reflective thinking, and fully functioning online CoPs emerged in all four groups.
Deep Residual Bidir-LSTM for Human Activity Recognition Using Wearable Sensors

Human activity recognition (HAR) has become a popular topic in research because of its wide application. With the development of deep learning, new ideas have appeared to address HAR problems. Here, a deep network architecture using residual bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) is proposed. The advantages of the new network include that a bidirectional connection can concatenate the positive time direction (forward state) and the negative time direction (backward state). Second, residual connections between stacked cells act as shortcut for gradients, effectively avoiding the gradient vanishing problem. Generally, the proposed network shows improvements on both the temporal (using bidirectional cells) and the spatial (residual connections stacked) dimensions, aiming to enhance the recognition rate. When testing with the Opportunity dataset and the public domain UCI dataset, the accuracy is significantly improved compared with previous results.
Memory Functioning in Children with Reading Disabilities and/or Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Clinical Investigation of their Working Memory and Long-Term Memory Functioning

We examined memory functioning in children with reading disabilities (RD), Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and RD/ADHD using a clinic sample with a clinical instrument: the Children's Memory Scale, enhancing its generalizability. Participants included 23 children with RD, 30 with ADHD, 30 with RD/ADHD, and 30 controls. Children with RD presented with reduced verbal short-term memory (STM) but intact visual STM, central executive (CE), and long-term memory (LTM) functioning. Their deficit in STM appeared specific to tasks requiring phonetic coding of material. Children with ADHD displayed intact CE and LTM functioning but reduced visual-spatial STM, especially when off stimulant medication. Children with RD/ADHD had deficits consistent with both disorders.
Towards a Cinema of Cultural Hybridity: Turkish-German Filmmakers and the Representation of Alterity

This article considers the development of “Turkish-German cinema” and situates it in relation to the attempts by filmmakers associated with the New German Cinema to represent the experience of migrants in the Federal Republic. These films were frequently criticised for reducing their protagonists to stereotypes, portraying the migrant as victim and focusing excessively on conflict of an intercultural or intracultural kind. The 1990s saw the emergence of a younger generation of Turkish directors in Germany intent on breaking away from this “cinema of the affected” by not foregrounding the problematicisation of alterity. The article examines the work of two of these directors, Fatih Akin and Thomas Arslan, and assesses their success in representing “life in, as well as between, two cultures”.
Barriers and Facilitating Factors for Implementation of Genetic Services: A Public Health Perspective

More than 15 years after the publication of the sequence of the human genome, the resulting changes in health care have been modest. At the same time, some promising examples in genetic services become visible, which contribute to the prevention of chronic disease such as cancer. These are discussed to identify barriers and facilitating factors for the implementation of genetic services. Examples from oncogenetics illustrate a high risk of serious disease where prevention is possible, especially in relatives. Some 5% of breast cancers and colorectal cancers are attributable to an inherited predisposition. These cancers occur at a relatively young age. DNA testing of relatives of affected patients may facilitate primary and secondary prevention. Training of non-genetic health care workers and health technology assessment are needed, as is translational research in terms of bringing genomics to health care practice while monitoring and evaluating. Stratified screening programs could include cascade screening and risk assessment based on family history. New roles and responsibilities will emerge. A clear assessment of the values implied is needed allowing to balance the pros and cons of interventions to further the responsible innovation of genetic services.
A fast squares power inversion array for tracking nonstationary environments

This correspondence presents and investigates a fast algorithm tracking of nonstationary environments in power inversion. The algorithm is based on the use of iterative least squares techniques and the introduction of an additional gradient vector in the objective function so that both the optimal weight vector and its rate of change are estimated recursively. Although the algorithm is computationally more complex than conventional least squares methods, it has better performance in moving sources as the velocities of the latter are also being estimated.
Do non-governmental organisations’ socio-economic and training programmes improve disaster prevention capacity of their beneficiaries?

This study examines the relationship between non-governmental organisations’ (NGOs) socio-economic and training programmes and their beneficiaries’ coping capacity during natural disasters. NGOs are the most active force supporting community welfare programmes in dealing with vulnerable clients during disasters. This study utilises both qualitative and quantitative techniques based on multi-staged stratified sampling using multiple regression analysis. The results indicate that NGOs’ training reaction significantly improves their clients’ disaster prevention capacity. This finding implies that NGOs should put greater emphasis on socio-economic programmes as well as training programmes.
Identity Dilemmas of Chronically Ill Men

Chronic illness frequently comes to men suddenly with immediate intensity, severity, and uncertainty. Because men contract more serious and life-threatening chronic illnesses than women, experiencing illness causes men different identity dilemmas. This paper explores men's identity dilemmas by studying how men experience chronic illnesses and by looking at how assumptions about masculinity affected their identity. The paper explores four major processes: (1) awakening to death after a lifethreatening crisis, (2) accommodating to uncertainty as men realize that the crisis has lasting consequences for their lives, (3) defining illness and disability and (4) preserving self to maintain a sense of coherence while experiencing loss and change. The data are derived from forty in-depth formal interviews of twenty men, informal interviews with these men, and an extensive collection of published and unpublished personal accounts. The data were analyzed through the strategies of grounded theory.
Amour, connaissance et dissimulation. Traduit de l'anglais par Catherine Rouslin

Georg Simmel avait certainement raison d'inclure sa breve etude de l'amour et du mariage dans une plus large discussion sur le secret et les mensonges dans la vie sociale. L'amour est l'indiscretion supreme. C'est surtout la question de la connaissance et de la dissimulation qui unit cette serie d'articles – aucun d'entre eux n'etant d'ailleurs franchement optimiste sur le sujet. Ils contribuent, bien sur, a la connaissance, au sens ordinaire de cette expression ; comme tous les travaux de re.
Semidefinite programming for N-Player Games

We introduce two min-max problems: the first problem is to minimize the supremum of finitely many rational functions over a compact basic semi-algebraic set whereas the second problem is a 2-player zero-sum polynomial game in randomized strategies and with compact basic semi-algebraic pure strategy sets. It is proved that their optimal solution can be approximated by solving a hierarchy of semidefinite relaxations, in the spirit of the moment approach developed in Lasserre [19, 20]. This provides a unified approach and a class of algorithms to approximate all Nash equilibria and min-max strategies of many static and dynamic games. Each semidefinite relaxation can be solved in time which is polynomial in its input size and practice from global optimization suggests that very often few relaxations are needed for a good approximation (and sometimes even finite convergence). In many cases (e.g. for Nash equilibria) the error of a relaxation can be computed.
Measurement of Consumer Susceptibility to Interpersonal Influence

The development of a scale for measuring consumer susceptibility to interpersonal influence is described. Consumer susceptibility to interpersonal influence is hypothesized as a general trait that varies across individuals and is related to other individual traits and characteristics (McGuire 1968). The construct is defined as the need to identify with or enhance one's image in the opinion of significant others through the acquisition and use of products and brands, the willingness to conform to the expectations of others regarding purchase decisions, and/or the tendency to learn about products and services by observing others or seeking information from others. A series of studies provides evidence to support the convergent and discriminant validity of a two-dimensional scale.
Exploring the value of a coach intervention process within women's youth soccer: A case study

A coach intervention process was explored with a 38-year-old female youth soccer coach. The experimental research design consisted of a baseline assessment, intervention and follow-up phase. Within each phase, the coaching practices were assessed using the Coaching Behaviour Assessment System. Additionally, measures of both coach and athlete perceptions and attitudes were also recorded. The results revealed no significant change in coach behaviours from the baseline assessment to the follow-up assessment. However, although not significant, a meaningful change particularly regarding the use of Reinforcement, General Technical Instruction and Mistake Contingent Encouragement was evident. Results of the descriptive-analytic data generated from the cognitive investigations highlighted generally positive although not statistically significant changes, particularly those concerning the athletes' attitudes towards their coach, teammates and soccer, following the intervention process. The findings of this study are discussed in line with the existing coach behaviour literature.
The Influence of the Perceived Styles of Leadership on a Group of Workers on their Attitudes to Work

Suggests that, owing to changes in the business environment, leadership rather than management is needed. Proposes, also, that a co‐operative relationship between the management and the workforce should be encouraged. Posits that there is a relationship between perceived and preferred styles of leadership which affects job tenure. Presents the results of a questionnaire on the preferred and perceived styles of leadership which was carried out at a Western Australian State headquarters of a Federal statutory body. Concludes that the democratic style of leadership leads to a more positive organizational commitment from the individual and also higher job satisfaction. Suggests, therefore, that managers should made as much as they possibly can.
Investigation of Kinesthetics in Violin Playing

IT IS IMPOSSIBLE to produce tones with any musical instrument without moving those parts of the human body which are involved in playing such an instrument. These movements are dependent on the possibilities of movement of the parts concerned and the structural and physical properties of the instrument. Every performer has to make his own choice from these possibilities and properties in order to realize his performance of a composition. Even the most delicate nuances of a performance can only be brought to realization by means of movements. Hence the teaching of the movements that produce musical expression on various instruments belongs among the most important subjects of the curriculum. The movements concerned are subject to certain norms which can be found by the application of data from kinesiology, i.e. the study of the movements of the human body. BY means of this application we can avoid letting our pupils become accustomed to movements which might do harm to their limbs and to their possibilities of movement. Movements are the means of musical expression on any musical instrument. For a teacher} these movements are only visually observable. Investigations with beginners are of the greatest importance as the results of teaching beginners are the fundamentals for any further development. Every student begins from the same point: a complete lack of violinistic knowledge and skill.
Explaining software defects using topic models

Researchers have proposed various metrics based on measurable aspects of the source code entities (e.g., methods, classes, files, or modules) and the social structure of a software project in an effort to explain the relationships between software development and software defects. However, these metrics largely ignore the actual functionality, i.e., the conceptual concerns, of a software system, which are the main technical concepts that reflect the business logic or domain of the system. For instance, while lines of code may be a good general measure for defects, a large entity responsible for simple I/O tasks is likely to have fewer defects than a small entity responsible for complicated compiler implementation details. In this paper, we study the effect of conceptual concerns on code quality. We use a statistical topic modeling technique to approximate software concerns as topics; we then propose various metrics on these topics to help explain the defect-proneness (i.e., quality) of the entities. Paramount to our proposed metrics is that they take into account the defect history of each topic. Case studies on multiple versions of Mozilla Firefox, Eclipse, and Mylyn show that (i) some topics are much more defect-prone than others, (ii) defect-prone topics tend to remain so over time, and (iii) defect-prone topics provide additional explanatory power for code quality over existing structural and historical metrics.
Smooth Moves in Power Transition: New Yagi-Uda Antenna Design for Wireless Energy

Investigations were made with different types of antennas to find an optimum design for an energy harvester at 2.45 GHz. As in our previous work, a Yagi-Uda antenna design in combination with an optimum matched rectifier outperformed all other antennas. Further improvements could be made by applying a new type of feeding and stacking principle. The result was a high-gain array antenna of comparatively small size and with only one feeding point, which can be practically built for applications in the VHF and lower UHF band. Experiments with this antenna were made in the 432-MHz amateur radio band.
A condition of development of trust toward public administration

In this study, it was hypothesized that 1) acceptance of public works was influenced by infringement on freedom and fairness, 2) fairness was influenced by procedural fairness, distributive-fairness and expectation of increase of public interest, and 3) procedural fairness and expectation of increase of public interest were influenced by trust toward public administration. It was also hypothesized that the trust was higher when people understood the necessity of public works than when they did not. These hypotheses were confirmed by the data from a scenario experiment ( n =800) that assumes an imaginary car restriction policy in an urban area for the purpose of reduction of traffic congestion and air pollution. It was also indicated by the data that the trust had direct effects on infringement on freedom, fairness, distributive fairness, and acceptance.
Allosteric activation of cGMP-specific, cGMP-binding phosphodiesterase (PDE5) by cGMP.

The effects of cGMP binding on the catalytic activity of cGMP-specific, cGMP-binding phosphodiesterase (PDE5) are unclear because cGMP interacts with both allosteric and catalytic sites specifically. We studied the effects of cGMP on the hydrolysis of a fluorescent substrate analogue, 2'-O-anthraniloyl cGMP, by PDE5 partially purified from rat cerebella. The preparation contained PDE5 as the major cGMP-PDE activity and was not contaminated with cAMP- or cGMP-dependent protein kinases. The Hill coefficients for hydrolysis of the analogue substrate were around 1.0 in the presence of cGMP at concentrations <0.3 microM, while they increased to 1.5 at cGMP concentrations >1 microM, suggesting allosteric activation by cGMP at concentrations close to the bulk binding constant of the enzyme. Consistent with an allosteric activation, increasing concentrations of cGMP enhanced the hydrolysis rate of fixed concentrations of 2'-O-anthraniloyl cGMP, which overcame competition between the two substrates. Such activation was not observed with cAMP, cyclic inosine 3',5'-monophosphate, or 2'-O-monobutyl cGMP, indicating specificity of cGMP. These results demonstrate that cGMP is a specific and allosteric activator of PDE5, and suggest that in cells containing PDE5, such as cerebellar Purkinje cells, intracellular cGMP concentrations may be regulated autonomously through effects of cGMP on PDE5.
Compliance of Health Care Workers with Hand Hygiene Practices: Independent Advantages of Overt and Covert Observers

Background Evaluation and feedback of hand hygiene (HH) compliance are important elements of the WHO multimodal strategy for hospital infection control. Overt observation is recommended, but it may be confounded by Hawthorne effect. Covert observation offers the opportunity to decrease observer bias. In this study we conducted a one year hospital-wide HH promotion program that included medical students (MS) as covert observers. Methods HH compliance for the five WHO indications was determined by trained and validated observers. The overt observers consisted of eleven infection control nurses (ICNs) and two unit HH ambassadors (UAs) in each of 83 wards. The covert observers consisted of nine MS during their rotating clinical clerkships. Feedback was provided to department heads and staff each quarter. Results Of the 23,333 HH observations 76.0% were by MS, 5.3% by ICNs and 18.7% by UAs. The annual compliance rates were MS 44.1%, ICNs 74.4% and UAs 94.1%; P<0.001. The MS found significantly lower annual compliance rates for 4/5 HH indications compared to ICNs and UAs; P<0.05. The ICNs reported significantly improvement from the first to the fourth quarter; P<0.001. This was associated with feedback from the MS of very poor compliance by nurses during the first quarter. Conclusions Based on these findings we recommend a two-pronged approach to HH programs. The role of ICNs and UAs is to educate, serve as role models, establish, sustain good HH practices and provide direct feedback. The role of the covert observers is to measure compliance and provide independent feedback.
Oxygen-Wasting Effect of Inotropy: Is There a Need for a New Evaluation? An Experimental Large-Animal Study Using Dobutamine and Levosimendan

Background—We addressed the hypothesis that the inotropic drugs dobutamine and levosimendan both induce surplus oxygen consumption (oxygen wasting) relative to their contractile effect in equipotent therapeutic doses, with levosimendan being energetically more efficient. Methods and Results—Postischemically reduced left ventricular function (stunning) was created by repetitive left coronary occlusions in 22 pigs. This contractile dysfunction was reversed by infusion of either levosimendan (24 &mgr;g/kg loading and 0.04 &mgr;g·kg−1·min−1 infusion) or an equipotent dose of dobutamine (1.25 &mgr;g·kg−1·min−1). Contractility and cardiac output were normalized by both drug regimens. The energy cost of drug-induced contractility enhancement was assessed by myocardial oxygen consumption related to the mechanical indexes tension-time index, pressure-volume area, and total mechanical energy. ANCOVA did not reveal any increased oxygen cost of contractility for either drug in these doses. However, both dobutamine and levosimendan at supratherapeutic levels (10 &mgr;g·kg−1·min−1 and 48 &mgr;g/kg loading with 0.2 &mgr;g·kg−1·min−1 infusion, respectively) induced a highly significant increase in oxygen consumption related to mechanical work, compatible with the established oxygen-wasting effect of inotropy (P<0.001 for all mechanical indexes with dobutamine; P=0.007 for levosimendan as assessed by pressure-volume area). Conclusion—Therapeutic levels of neither dobutamine nor levosimendan showed inotropic oxygen wasting in this in vivo pig model. Thus, relevant hemodynamic responses can be achieved with an adrenergic inotrope without surplus oxygen consumption.