Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of instillation of eyedrops for dry eye on optical quality.

PURPOSE To investigate the effects of viscosity and suspensibility of eyedrops for dry eye by evaluating an eyedrop with one of the solutions or no solution (0.3% sodium hyaluronate ophthalmic solution, 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution, and 2% rebamipide ophthalmic suspension) on ocular higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and forward light scatter. METHODS We evaluated ocular HOAs and forward light scatter before and 1, 5, and 10 minutes after instillation of three eyedrops for dry eye in 15 healthy subjects. Saline served as the control. The HOAs were measured for a 4-mm pupil using a wavefront sensor. The obtained aberration data were analyzed in the central 4-mm diameter for total HOAs up to the sixth-order Zernike polynomials. Forward light scatter was quantified with a straylight meter. RESULTS A significant increase was seen in the HOAs 1 minute after instillation of the three eyedrops for dry eye; the HOAs recovered to the baseline level thereafter. When 0.3% sodium hyaluronate was compared with 2% rebamipide and 3% diquafosol, the HOAs increased significantly (P < 0.01 for both comparisons) immediately after instillation. A significant increase in forward light scatter occurred 1 minute after instillation of rebamipide suspension and returned to the preinstillation level 5 minutes after instillation. No significant changes in forward light scatter occurred after instillation of 3% diquafosol or 0.3% sodium hyaluronate. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative serial measurement of HOAs and forward light scatter showed that the temporal reduction in optical quality may be attributed mainly to increased HOAs after instillation of highly viscous 0.3% sodium hyaluronate ophthalmic solution and to increased forward light scatter after instillation of 2% rebamipide ophthalmic suspension in healthy subjects.
T cell clones from a Sjögren's syndrome salivary gland biopsy produce high levels of IL‐10

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is characterized by a focal periductal salivary gland infiltrate consisting mainly of T and B lymphocytes. Most of the T cells bear the memory of CD4+ Th‐1‐like phenotype and express high levels of class II, though CD8+ cells are also present. We have studied 17 labial salivary gland and 15 peripheral blood T cell clones from a patient with primary SS. The tissue clones were 71% CD8+ and 29% CD4+, and the peripheral blood‐derived clones were 60% CD8+ and 40% CD4+. The CD4+ T cell clones from both the salivary gland and autologous peripheral blood were of the Th1 phenotype, in that they produced interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) and IL‐2 but very little IL‐4 after 24 h stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate and anti‐CD3 antibody. The salivary gland‐derived CD4+ clones produced 15 times more IL‐10 (7.92 ng/ml) than peripheral blood‐derived CD4+ clones (0.52 ng/ml, P≤0.02). The tissue CD8+ clones produced 1.2 times (P<0.04) more IFN‐γ and CD4+ clones produced 3.5 times less IL‐2 (P<0.02) than the respective PBM‐derived clones. The accumulation of Th1‐type cells producing high levels of IL‐10 in the salivary gland suggests a specific immunoregulatory function at the site of inflammation in SS.
Effects of key parameters on the performance of local pulse wave velocity measurement: Theroretial analysis and in-vivo validation

The predictive value of pulse wave velocity (PWV) for various cardiovascular diseases has been demonstrated in many studies. By means of ultrasound imaging, local PWV, instead of global PWV as in conventional methods, can be measured noninvasively. The accuracy and precision of local PWV measurement have not been fully investigated and several key parameters (i.e. frame rate, number of scan lines and image width) are shown to play an important but still unclear role on PWV measurement. In this study, the quantitative effects of these parameters were investigated with theoretical analysis and in-vivo experiments. The theoretical relationship between the standard deviation (SD) of the PWV estimation and some key parameters (number of scan lines, image width and PWV value) and the variance of characteristic time-point identification (or time-shift estimation) was derived first. PWVs were then estimated from in-vivo RF signals at different values of frame rate, number of scan lines, and image width. The results show that PWVs can be correctly measured when the frame rate is higher than a certain value, below which the estimated PWVs become inaccurate. The performance of PWV measurement is found to improve with increased number of scan lines and image width. Overall, a larger number of scan lines and image width with a sufficiently high frame rate is preferred. The in-vivo results are in in good agreement with the theoretical analysis as well as our previous simulation results. Our quantitative findings can provide important guidelines for parameters optimization in ultrasound-based local PWV measurement.
Recent Advances in Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery for Diabetes Mellitus Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a widespread metabolic disease with a progressive incidence of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite extensive research, treatment options for diabetic patients remains limited. Although significant challenges remain, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the capacity to differentiate into any cell type, including insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells, highlighting its potential as a treatment option for DM. Several iPSC lines have recently been derived from both diabetic and healthy donors. Using different reprogramming techniques, iPSCs were differentiated into insulin-secreting pancreatic βcells. Furthermore, diabetes patient-derived iPSCs (DiPSCs) are increasingly being used as a platform to perform cell-based drug screening in order to develop DiPSC-based cell therapies against DM. Toxicity and teratogenicity assays based on iPSC-derived cells can also provide additional information on safety before advancing drugs to clinical trials. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the development of techniques for differentiation of iPSCs or DiPSCs into insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells, their applications in drug screening, and their role in complementing and replacing animal testing in clinical use. Advances in iPSC technologies will provide new knowledge needed to develop patient-specific iPSC-based diabetic therapies.
Toll Roads in Texas : Traffic and Welfare Impacts

Facing funding shortfalls for infrastructure construction and maintenance, many urban regions in Texas are setting up Regional Mobility Authorities to build, manage and own new toll roads. Toll roads can have diverse impacts on a region’s traffic, land use, and economy as well as its citizens’ welfare. Regions have distinct network configurations, spatial and temporal variation in demand patterns, and road user characteristics which affect their response to such roads. This paper seeks to quantify many of these impacts in Texas by consistently modeling and comparing the impacts of adding toll roads to the Austin, Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) and El Paso metropolitan planning areas. Initial models were calibrated for the Austin region, and these were appropriately adapted to the DFW and El Paso regions. The impact of added toll roads varied by region, but all suggested greatest impacts near the toll roads with welfare improvements falling with distance in DFW and El Paso, and Austin neighborhoods near toll road termini gaining the most.
Misattribution of movement agency following right parietal TMS

Single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to disrupt the right inferior parietal lobe (rIPL) whilst neurologically intact participants made self/other judgments about whole arm reaching movements. Visual feedback of a physically coincident virtual hand was perturbed or left unperturbed (randomly) while TMS was delivered to either the rIPL or the vertex (blocked). Visual feedback of the virtual hand was veridical until the hand became occluded by a virtual bar approximately half way through the movement. TMS was delivered on 50% of trials at random during occlusion of the hand. The position of the virtual hand relative to the real hand was also perturbed during occlusion of the virtual hand on 50% of trials at random. At the end of the reach participants were required to make a verbal judgment as to whether the movement they had seen was self (unperturbed) or other (perturbed). The results revealed that when TMS was applied over rIPL, participants were more likely to misattribute agency to the computer, making more other responses for both perturbed and unperturbed trials. These findings highlight the role of a parietal neural comparator as a low-level mechanism in the experience of agency.
About one-half of early spontaneous preterm deliveries can be identified by a rapid matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) bedside test at the time of mid-trimester genetic amniocentesis*

Abstract Objective: Mid-trimester amniocentesis continues to be used for the prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal anomalies and other genetic disorders. Analysis of amniotic fluid obtained at the time of mid-trimester genetic amniocentesis identifies those patients who are at risk for early spontaneous preterm delivery. This is based on a solid body of evidence that found subclinical intra-amniotic inflammation/infection to be causally linked to early spontaneous preterm birth. Although several biomarkers have been proposed to identify intra-amniotic inflammation, the accumulated data suggest that the determination of amniotic fluid matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), or neutrophil collagenase, is a powerful predictor of spontaneous preterm delivery. MMP-8 is released by inflammatory cells in response to microbial products or “danger signals”. A rapid point-of-care test has been developed to determine MMP-8 at the bedside within 20 min, and without the requirement of laboratory equipment. The objective of this study was to determine whether an elevation of MMP-8 in the amniotic fluid, measured by a rapid point-of-care test, can identify those patients at risk for spontaneous preterm delivery after a mid-trimester genetic amniocentesis. Study design: A case–control study was designed to obtain amniotic fluid from asymptomatic singleton pregnant women who underwent mid-trimester genetic amniocentesis. An MMP-8 bedside test was performed to analyze the amniotic fluid of 64 patients with early spontaneous preterm delivery (<30 weeks) and 128 matched controls with normal pregnancy outcomes. Results: (1) The MMP-8 bedside test (Yoon's MMP-8 Check™) was positive in 42.2% (27/64) of patients with spontaneous preterm delivery but in none (0/128) of the control cases (p < 0.001); (2) the MMP-8 bedside test had a sensitivity of 42.2%, and a specificity of 100% in the prediction of spontaneous preterm delivery (<30 weeks) following a mid-trimester genetic amniocentesis; and (3) among the patients with spontaneous preterm delivery, those with a positive MMP-8 bedside test had a significantly higher rate of spontaneous delivery within 2 weeks and 4 weeks of an amniocentesis [40.7% (11/27) versus 5.4% (2/37); 63.0% (17/27) versus 24.3% (9/37)] and a shorter interval-to-delivery period than those with a negative test [interval-to-delivery: median (range), 16 d (0–95 d) versus 42 d (2–91 d); p < 0.05 for each]. Conclusion: We conclude that 42% of patients with an early spontaneous preterm delivery (< 30 weeks) could be identified by a rapid MMP-8 bedside test at the time of their mid-trimester genetic amniocentesis. The MMP-8 bedside test is a powerful predictor of early spontaneous preterm birth in asymptomatic pregnant women.
Analysis of the Molecular Basis of Flowering Time Variation in Arabidopsis Accessions1[w]

Allelic variation at the FRI (FRIGIDA) and FLC (FLOWERING LOCUS C) loci are major determinants of flowering time in Arabidopsis accessions. Dominant alleles of FRI confer a vernalization requirement causing plants to overwinter vegetatively. Many early flowering accessions carry loss-of-function fri alleles containing one of two deletions. However, some accessions categorized as early flowering types do not carry these deletion alleles. We have analyzed the molecular basis of earliness in five of these accessions: Cvi, Shakhdara, Wil-2, Kondara, and Kz-9. The Cvi FRI allele carries a number of nucleotide differences, one of which causes an in-frame stop codon in the first exon. The other four accessions contain nucleotide differences that only result in amino acid substitutions. Preliminary genetic analysis was consistent with Cvi carrying a nonfunctional FRI allele; Wil-2 carrying either a defective FRI or a dominant suppressor of FRI function; and Shakhdara, Kondara, and Kz-9 carrying a functional FRI allele with earliness being caused by allelic variation at other loci including FLC. Allelic variation at FLC was also investigated in a range of accessions. A novel nonautonomous Mutator-like transposon was found in the weak FLC allele in Landsberg erecta, positioned in the first intron, a region required for normal FLC regulation. This transposon was not present in FLC alleles of most other accessions including Shakhdara, Kondara, or Kz-9. Thus, variation in Arabidopsis flowering time has arisen through the generation of nonfunctional or weak FRI and FLC alleles.
Gamers' personality and their gaming preferences

All rights reserved. However, in accordance with the Copyright Act of Canada, this work may be reproduced, without authorization, under the conditions for Fair Dealing. Therefore, limited reproduction of this work for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, review and news reporting is likely to be in accordance with the law, particularly if cited appropriately. ABSTRACT This thesis work researches the hypothesis that people with certain personality traits would prefer certain video game genres. The motivation is to contribute to demographic game design by identifying gamers' personality profiles in order to better satisfy their needs and enjoyment. A Gaming Preferences Questionnaire was developed and validated to identify gamers' preferences. The NEO-FFI questionnaire based on the Five Factor model was selected for measuring gamers' personality traits. Data from 545 participants was analyzed by multiple linear regression. Eight game genre models were found statistically significant, and accounted for 2.6% to 7.5% of gamers' preferences for game genres based on personality factors. The relevant personality traits of the models matched game elements of the genre. This work shows that a refined itemization helps to begin to understand the psychological human complexity that drives players' preferences.
In vitro longevity of bonding properties of universal adhesives to dentin.

PURPOSE To evaluate the immediate and 6-month resin-dentin bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage (NL) of universal adhesives that contain or do not contain methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) and are used in the etch-and-rinse and self-etch strategies. METHODS AND MATERIALS Forty caries-free extracted third molars were divided into eight groups for μTBS (n=5). The groups were bonded with the Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) and Adper Single Bond 2 (SB) as controls; Peak Universal, self-etch (PkSe) and etch-and rinse (PkEr); Scotchbond Universal Adhesive, self-etch (ScSe) and etch-and-rinse (ScEr); and All Bond Universal, self-etch (AlSe) and etch-and-rinse (AlEr). After composite restorations, specimens were longitudinally sectioned to obtain resin-dentin bonded sticks (0.8 mm(2)). The μTBS of the specimens was tested immediately (IM) or after 6 months of water storage (6M) at 0.5 mm/min. Some sticks at each storage period were immersed in silver nitrate and photo developed, and the NL was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed with two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and Tukey test (α=0.05). RESULTS At the IM period, PkSe and PkEr showed μTBS similar to the control adhesives (p>0.05) but increased NL pattern and lower μTBS after 6M (p<0.05). ScSe and ScEr showed intermediary μTBS values at the IM period but remained stable after 6 months (p>0.05). AlSe showed the lowest μTBS (p<0.05), but μTBS and NL remained stable after 6M (p>0.05). AlEr showed higher IM μTBS but showed higher degradation after 6M (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Universal adhesives that contain MDP showed higher and more stable μTBS with reduced NL at the interfaces after 6 months of water storage.
State of the Art of Parallel Coordinates

This work presents a survey of the current state of the art of visualization techniques for parallel coordinates. It covers geometric models for constructing parallel coordinates and reviews methods for creating and understanding visual representations of parallel coordinates. The classiﬁcation of these methods is based on a taxonomy that was established from the literature and is aimed at guiding researchers to ﬁnd existing techniques and identifying white spots that require further research. The techniques covered in this survey are further related to an established taxonomy of knowledge-discovery tasks to support users of parallel coordinates in choosing a technique for their problem at hand. Finally, we discuss the challenges in constructing and understanding parallel-coordinates plots and provide some examples from different application domains.
Metabolic Syndrome in Canadian Adults and Adolescents: Prevalence and Associated Dietary Intake

Background. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) includes five chronic disease risk factors which doubles the risk of CVD and increases the risk of diabetes fivefold. Objective. To determine the prevalence of MetS and its risk factors in Canadians (12–79 y) and to compare the dietary intake in Canadians with MetS and without MetS. Subjects and Methods. Cycle 1 of Canadian health measures survey, CHMS data, 2007–2009, was used. To identify MetS cases, the most recent criteria were used for adults and adolescents. Ethnical cut points for waist measurement were applied for adults. Results and Conclusion. The prevalence of MetS among 12–79 y Canadians was 18.31% with the lowest prevalence in adolescents (3.50%). Using ethnical cut points to define abdominal obesity increased the prevalence of MetS by 0.5% in adults. The most prevalent defining component of MetS in Canadians identified with MetS was abdominal obesity. Reduced HDL-C was equally prevalent among adolescents. Canadians with MetS consumed significantly more diet soft drinks, but less dairy products, dietary fat, and sugar-sweetened beverages compared to Canadians without MetS. Known cases of diabetes with MetS had healthier beverage choices compared to individuals without the diagnosis of diabetes, indicating adherence to nutrition recommendations.
A Novel Attack on a FPGA based True Random Number Generator

True random Number Generators (TRNGs) are important sources of randomness necessary in several cryptographic algorithms and protocols. We describe an attack on a practical Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based TRNG that severely affects the randomness of its output bitstream. In particular, we develop, mathematically analyze and demonstrate an"in-field", post-deployment Hardware Trojan Horse (HTH) insertion technique that exploits the Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration (DPR) capability of modern FPGAs. The attack can be launched from a remote device connected to the FPGA over a standard network connection. The inserted HTH operates by adversely affecting the source of entropy of the TRNG, which results in the probability of zero in the output bitstream to increase to about 0.75 (instead of the ideal value of 0.5). Our experimental results demonstrate that the Trojan is extremely effective, with very low hardware and resource footprint, making its detection very challenging.
Bone Marrow Cell Cotransplantation With Islets Improves Their Vascularization and Function

Background. To test the angiogenesis-promoting effects of bone marrow cells when cotransplanted with islets. Methods. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic BALB/c mice were transplanted syngeneically under the kidney capsule: (1) 200 islets, (2) 1 to 5×106 bone marrow cells, or (3) 200 islets and 1 to 5×106 bone marrow cells. All mice were evaluated for blood glucose, serum insulin, and glucose tolerance up to postoperative day (POD) 28, and a subset was monitored for 3 months after transplantation. Histologic assessment was performed at PODs 3, 7, 14, 28, and 84 for the detection of von Willebrand factor (vWF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin, cluster of differentiation-34, and pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1) protein. Results. Blood glucose was the lowest and serum insulin was the highest in the islet+bone marrow group at POD 7. Blood glucose was significantly lower in the islet+bone marrow group relative to the islet only group after 63 days of transplantation (P<0.05). Significantly more new periislet vessels were detected in the islet+bone marrow group compared with the islet group (P<0.05). Vascular endothelial growth factor staining was more prominent in bone marrow than in islets (P<0.05). Pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1-positive areas were identified in bone marrow cells with an increase in staining over time. However, there were no normoglycemic mice and no insulin-positive cells in the bone marrow alone group. Conclusions. Cotransplantation of bone marrow cells with islets is associated with enhanced islet graft vascularization and function.
Energy concentration of high-oil corn varieties for pigs.

Growth performance and utilization of nutrients and energy in three high-oil corn varieties (5.4 to 9.7% ether extract) and regular corn (4.2% ether extract) were compared in three experiments using growing pigs. Twenty-four 25-kg crossbred barrows were used in Exp. 1 to evaluate nutrient and energy digestibility in the three high-oil corn varieties and regular corn. Four diets were formulated to contain 97% of one of four varieties of corn (Control, TC1, TC2, and X122 varieties) and 3% minerals and vitamins. Digestibilities of nitrogen and ether extract were similar (P > .05) for regular corn and all three varieties of high-oil corn. The digestible energy concentrations (kcal/g; as-fed basis) for control, TC1, TC2, and X122 corn varieties were 3.29, 3.57, 3.4, and 3.41, respectively, with control lower (P < .05) than TC2 or X122 and TC1 higher (P < .05) than TC2 or X122. Metabolizable energy concentrations averaged 98.4% of digestible energy concentrations. In Exp. 2, four diets formulated to contain 79% of one of the four corn varieties, 18.25% 48% CP soybean meal, 2.45% vitamins and minerals, and . 3% lysine.HCl were fed to 24 crossbred barrows (six pigs per diet) in a nutrient and energy balance study similar to the Exp. 1. Results were similar to those obtained in Exp. 1. The same four diets that were used in Exp. 2 were fed to 40 (10/diet) 20-kg crossbred pigs (20 barrows and 20 gilts) in a 28-d growth performance study (Exp. 3). Gain:feed ratios were . 39, . 43, . 42, and . 42 and growth rates (kg/d) were . 68, . 74, . 70, and . 72 for diets containing control, TC1, TC2, and X122 corn varieties, respectively. These translate to 8 to 10% improvement in feed efficiency and a numerical improvement in weight gain (3 to 9%) when high-oil corn was fed as compared with control corn. The results of nitrogen, ether extract, and energy balance and feeding experiments with growing pigs indicate efficient utilization of nutrients in diets containing high-oil corn.