Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Young People's Politics and the Micro-Territories of the Local

In spite of the late modern interpellation of youth as mobile and globally oriented, and a perception of social and political issues as increasingly playing out in a transnational arena, young Australians exhibit strong local and individualised tendencies in expressing politics. They are bounded by the ‘micro-territories of the local’; that is, their political thinking and acting takes place within the spaces of home, friendship groups, school and neighbourhood. This paper draws on an ARC project with nearly 1000 mainly 15–17-year-old Victorians to examine the relationship between young people's embeddedness in their local worlds and their views of themselves as efficacious political actors. It considers how their competency within such micro-territories opens up neglected sites and strategies for political expression and engagement while limiting their sense of sense of political efficacy, and it asserts the significance of considering this age group, not for what these young people will become in the future, but for their particular location, socially, physically and politically in the present.
Some remarks on the radius of spatial analyticity for the Euler equations

We consider the Euler equations on $\mathbb{T}^d$ with analytic data and prove lower bounds for the radius of spatial analyticity $\epsilon(t)$ of the solution using a new method based on inductive estimates in standard Sobolev spaces. Our results are consistent with similar previous results proved by Kukavica and Vicol, but give a more precise dependence of $\epsilon(t)$ on the radius of analyticity of the initial datum.
A Market Model for VIX Futures

A new modelling approach that directly prescribes dynamics to the term structure of VIX futures is proposed in this paper. The approach is motivated by the tractability enjoyed by models that directly prescribe dynamics to the VIX, practices observed in interest-rate modelling, and the desire to develop a platform to better understand VIX option implied volatilities. The main contribution of the paper is the derivation of necessary conditions for there to be no arbitrage between the joint market of VIX and equity derivatives. The arbitrage conditions are analogous to the well-known HJM drift restrictions in interest-rate modelling. The restrictions also address a fundamental open problem related to an existing modelling approach, in which the dynamics of the VIX are specified directly. The paper is concluded with an application of the main result, which demonstrates that when modelling VIX futures directly, the drift and diffusion of the corresponding stochastic volatility model must be restricted to preclude arbitrage.
Direct CD4 Help Provision following Interaction of Memory CD4 and CD8 T Cells with Distinct Antigen-Presenting Dendritic Cells

Accumulating evidence suggests that CD4 help is needed at the memory stage to mount effective secondary CD8 T cell responses. In this paper, we report that memory CD4 T cells can provide efficient help to memory CD8 T cells after interaction of the two lymphocytes with distinct dendritic cells. Provision of help to CD8 T cells required direct cell–cell contact and involved both IL-2 and CD40 ligation, within a CD4–CD8 T cell synapse. Thus, following antigenic interaction with APCs, activated memory CD4 and CD8 T cells appear to separate from their respective APCs before meeting each other for help provision, regardless of their Ag specificity. CD4 help for memory CD8 T cells therefore appears to be conditioned primarily not by Ag specificity but by activation status.
Nasal Polyposis: From Cytokines to Growth

Nasal polyposis (NP) is a chronic inflammatory condition that is mostly characterized by an infiltration of eosinophils. How this eosinophilic inflammation leads to polyp formation remains largely unclear. In order to identify the most important factors in polyp growth, first we report the histologic features of two early stage manifestations of eosinophilic nasal polyps compared to their surrounding normal mucosa and mature polyps from the same patients. Histomorphologic analysis of these early stage manifestations of NP showed the presence of eosinophils, forming a subepithelial cap over a pseudocyst area that was filled with albumin. In mature NP, a large pseudocyst area containing albumin was surrounded by subepithelial eosinophilia. Second, in an approach to quantify and to study possible relations between eosinophilic inflammation and changes in extracellular tissue components we measured interleukin-5 (IL-5), eotaxin, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), leukotrienes (LTC4/D4/E4), transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β1), fibronectin, hyaluronic acid, and albumin in nasal tissue homogenates of 31 subjects. Nasal polyp samples (n = 16) were obtained during routine endonasal sinus surgery, whereas control non-polyp samples (n = 15) from subjects with (6) and without (9) allergic rhinitis were obtained from the inferior turbinate during septum surgery. In the group of polyp patients 11 received no treatment, whereas 5 were treated with oral glucocorticoids (GCS) within 4 weeks before surgery. IL-5 was measurable in 8 of 11 untreated NP, whereas IL-5 could not be detected in all 15 controls nor in 4 of 5 oral corticoid-treated polyps. The comparison between the untreated polyp group and controls showed significantly higher concentrations of IL-5, eotaxin, ECP, and albumin in polyp supernatants, whereas TGF-β1 was significantly lower. In the oral GCS-treated group, ECP and albumin were significantly reduced compared to untreated nasal polyps. The same tendency, but not reaching significance, was seen for eotaxin and fibronectin, while no difference was found for LTC4/D4/E4 and hyaluronic acid between the groups. Our observations suggest a deposition of albumin (and possibly other plasma proteins) and extracellular matrix proteins, which may be regulated by the subepithelial eosinophilic inflammation, as a possible pathogenic principle of polyp formation and growth. IL-5 and eotaxin are found to be key factors for eosinophilic accumulation and activation in NP. Oral corticoid treatment may lead to the shrinkage of NP by downregulation of the eosinophilic inflammation and reduction of the extravasation and deposition of albumin in NP.
How Are Businesses Responding to Minnesota’s Tax-Free Zone Program?

In 2003, Minnesota enacted a tax-free-zone economic development program, Job Opportunity Building Zone (JOBZ), that is of a longer term and more generous than most similar state programs. In this article, the authors analyze publicly available data on the new investments in capital and labor that Minnesota businesses report making in response to the program. The authors find that businesses signing deals in 2004 and 2005 reported creating 4,891 jobs and investing $768 million, with the reported activity varying significantly across the state. The number of jobs reportedly created represents less than 1% of Minnesota’s total nonfarm, private employment. The authors also combine the businesses’ reported data with county-level economic data and analyze how JOBZ-related investment is correlated with economic growth in each county. The authors find little evidence of JOBZ’s impact on county-level economic growth during the first 3 years of the program, but do find significant impacts of several workforce and demographic variables on county-level growth.
Climate Change and Occupational Safety and Health: Establishing a Preliminary Framework

The relationship between global climate change and occupational safety and health has not been extensively characterized. To begin such an effort, it may be useful to develop a framework for identifying how climate change could affect the workplace; workers; and occupational morbidity, mortality, and injury. This article develops such a framework based on a review of the published scientific literature from 1988–2008 that includes climatic effects, their interaction with occupational hazards, and their manifestation in the working population. Seven categories of climate-related hazards are identified: (1) increased ambient temperature, (2) air pollution, (3) ultraviolet exposure, (4) extreme weather, (5) vector-borne diseases and expanded habitats, (6) industrial transitions and emerging industries; and (7) changes in the built environment. This review indicates that while climate change may result in increasing the prevalence, distribution, and severity of known occupational hazards, there is no evidence of unique or previously unknown hazards. However, such a possibility should not be excluded, since there is potential for interactions of known hazards and new conditions leading to new hazards and risks.
Interleukin-1β-induced Reduction of CD44 Ser-325 Phosphorylation in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes Promotes CD44 Homomeric Complexes, Binding to Ezrin, and Extended, Monocyte-adhesive Hyaluronan Coats*

Background: Interleukin-1β recruits leukocytes at the site of inflammation. Results: The interleukin-1β-induced hyaluronan coat increased monocyte binding to keratinocytes through ezrin-associated CD44 homomers, enabled by reduced serine 325 phosphorylation. Conclusion: The organization of the cell surface hyaluronan coat is controlled by phosphorylation of CD44. Significance: Interleukin-1β release in inflamed tissues triggers signals that increase hyaluronan-dependent leukocyte binding. The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) attracts leukocytes to sites of inflammation. One of the recruitment mechanisms involves the formation of extended, hyaluronan-rich pericellular coats on local fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells. In the present work, we studied how IL-1β turns on the monocyte adhesion of the hyaluronan coat on human keratinocytes. IL-1β did not influence hyaluronan synthesis or increase the amount of pericellular hyaluronan in these cells. Instead, we found that the increase in the hyaluronan-dependent monocyte binding was associated with the CD44 of the keratinocytes. Although IL-1β caused a small increase in the total amount of CD44, a more marked impact was the decrease of CD44 phosphorylation at serine 325. At the same time, IL-1β increased the association of CD44 with ezrin and complex formation of CD44 with itself. Treatment of keratinocyte cultures with KN93, an inhibitor of calmodulin kinase 2, known to phosphorylate Ser-325 in CD44, caused similar effects as IL-1β (i.e. homomerization of CD44 and its association with ezrin) and resulted in increased monocyte binding to keratinocytes in a hyaluronan-dependent way. Overexpression of wild type CD44 standard form, but not a corresponding CD44 mutant mimicking the Ser-325-phosphorylated form, was able to induce monocyte binding to keratinocytes. In conclusion, treatment of human keratinocytes with IL-1β changes the structure of their hyaluronan coat by influencing the amount, post-translational modification, and cytoskeletal association of CD44, thus enhancing monocyte retention on keratinocytes.
Multivariate nearest‐neighbour forecasts of ems exchange rates

Exchange rate modelling has been a persistent puzzle for international economists. Forecasts from popular models for the exchange rate generally fail to improve upon the random walk out-of-sample. While a multivariate nonparametric approach provides useful information about exchange rates, the model produces forecasts superior to the random walk for only one of the three EMS currencies examined. Using a statistic developed in Mizrach (1991), I find that the forecast improvement, a 4.5 percent reduction in mean squared error for the Lira in daily returns, is not statistically significant. A cross-validation exercise suggests that the improvement is also not robust. Copyright 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Business Strategic Orientation, Information Systems Strategic Orientation, and Strategic Alignment

Information systems strategic alignment---the fit between business strategic orientation and information systems (IS) strategic orientation---is an important concept. This study measured business strategic orientation, IS strategic orientation, and IS strategic alignment, and investigated their implications for perceived IS effectiveness and business performance. Analyses of data gathered in a mail survey of North American financial services and manufacturing firms indicated that 1) business strategic orientation, IS strategic orientation, and IS strategic alignment are modeled best by utilizing holistic, ‘systems’ approaches instead of dimension-specific, ‘bivariate’ approaches, 2) three generic IS strategic orientations can be detected, 3) user information satisfaction does not capture important strategic aspects of IS effectiveness, 4) IS strategic alignment is a better predictor of IS effectiveness than is strategic orientation, and 5) business strategic orientation, IS strategic alignment, and IS effectiveness have positive impacts on business performance.
Fair values, income measurement, and bank analysts' risk and valuation judgments

We examine how fair‐value‐income measurement affects commercial bank equity analysts' risk and value judgments. Normatively, holding information and other underlying economics constant, bank analysts' risk and valuation assessments should distinguish between banks with different risks, but should not depend on how banks measure income. In our experiment, we vary income measurement—full‐fair‐value (all fair‐value changes recognized in income) versus piecemeal‐fair‐value (some fair‐value changes recognized in income, others disclosed in the notes). We also vary interest‐rate‐risk exposure (exposed versus hedged). We find that bank analysts' risk and value judgments distinguish banks' exposure to interest‐rate risk only under full‐fair‐value‐income measurement. Our evidence contributes to research concerned with financial performance reporting, risk, and fair‐value accounting by demonstrating that differences in income measurement affect fundamental judgments of specialist analysts. Our findings are striking.
Innovative Activity over the Business Cycle

This paper examines cyclical patterns of innovative activity in the United Kingdom over the period 1948-83. Innovative activity turns out to have many of the properties of a random walk but does show a tendency to cluster during booms. There is clear evidence of a long-term secular relation between the level of innovative activity and the level of economic activity, although this may have changed in the 1980s. Finally, the data provide no reason for thinking that these clusters of innovation cause cyclic variations in economic activity but variations in economic activity do Granger cause changes in innovative activity. Copyright 1995 by Royal Economic Society.
Public announcement induced market reactions on Baltic stock exchanges

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine to what extent economically significant stock return and volume changes on Tallinn, Riga and Vilnius Stock Exchanges (TSE, RSE, VSE) are contributable to public announcements disclosures and which types of announcements drive these.Design/methodology/approach – Event‐study methodology was used to determine economically significant return and volume events.Findings – It was found that 22‐37 per cent of return or volume events explained by public announcements was twice lower than reported in the UK. The greatest frequency of disclosures was attributable to financial disclosures as could be expected. Although, previous research indicates bigger magnitude of reaction to financial news, it was not observed in case of public announcements. Whereas, the magnitude of reactions on VSE was greater than reported on TSE and RSE, which indicates that VSE differs from TSE and RSE in its information processing.Research limitations/implications – Firstly, all other med.
Asset Pricing with Heterogeneous Beliefs

This article studies the dynamic behavior of security prices in the presence of investors' heterogeneous beliefs. We provide a tractable continuous-time pure-exchange model and highlight the mechanism through which investors' differences of opinion enter into security prices. In the determination of equilibrium, we employ a representative investor with stochastic weights and solve for all economic quantities in closed form, including the perceived market prices of risk and interest rate. The basic analysis is generalized to incorporate multiple sources of risk, disagreement about nonfundamentals, and multiple investors. Other applications involving multiple goods and nominal asset pricing within monetary economies are discussed.
Implications of a Reduction in Tick Size on Short-Sell Order Execution

The U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission is committed to having exchanges fully implement decimal pricing by April 9, 2001, and is also considering revising the Uptick Rule. We consider the likely impact of the pending smaller tick size associated with decimalization on the efficacy of this rule by examining the execution quality of NYSE short-sell orders immediately before and after the tick size was reduced from 1/8th to 1/16th in 1997. We conclude that, in general, short market orders will receive better execution after decimalization, but at-the-quote limit orders will receive worse execution, and suggest revisions to the Rule.
On the Informational Role of Term Structure in the U.S. Monetary Policy Rule

This paper uses a structural approach based on the indirect inference principle to estimate a standard version of the new Keynesian monetary (NKM) model augmented with term structure using both revised and real-time data. The estimation results show that the term spread and policy inertia are both important determinants of the US estimated monetary policy rule whereas the persistence of shocks plays a small but significant role when revised and real-time data of output and inflation are both considered. More importantly, the relative importance of term spread and persistent shocks in the policy rule and the shock transmission mechanism drastically change when it is taken into account that real-time data are not well behaved.
Acute Hemodynamic Effects of the Vasodilating and &bgr;‐Blocking Agent Carvedilol in Comparison to Propranolol

Summary: In a randomized double‐blind study, oral doses of 50 mg carvedilol were compared to 40 mg propranolol in 16 male patients with coronary heart disease (12 without significant stenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) at rest, during and after exercise, and before and 80 min after drug application. Systemic and pulmonary pressures, heart rate, cardiac index, and lower limb blood flow were measured, and systemic and pulmonary resistances calculated. Carvedilol does not lead, as the classical &bgr;‐blocker propranolol does, to an increase in systemic or pulmonary resistance, nor to a decrease in cardiac output, or to an increase of the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure during exercise. In contrast to propranolol, the postexercise lower limb blood flow has increased significantly. The differences in action between the two &bgr;‐blockers can be explained by the vasodilating properties of carvedilol. Due to these acute effects, carvedilol may be of advantage compared to propranolol in the treatment of peripheral occlusive artery disease, hypertension, and coronary vasospasm.
Cognitive performance in older adults with stable heart failure: Longitudinal evidence for stability and improvement

ABSTRACT Cognitive impairment is prevalent in heart failure (HF), though substantial variability in the pattern of cognitive impairment is found across studies. To clarify the nature of cognitive impairment in HF, we examined longitudinal trajectories across multiple domains of cognition in HF patients using latent growth class modeling. 115 HF patients completed a neuropsychological battery at baseline, 3-months and 12-months. Participants also completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Latent class growth analyses revealed a three-class model for attention/executive function, four-class model for memory, and a three-class model for language. The slope for attention/executive function and language remained stable, while improvements were noted in memory performance. Education and BDI-II significantly predicted the intercept for attention/executive function and language abilities. The BDI-II also predicted baseline memory. The current findings suggest that multiple performance-based classes of neuropsychological test performance exist within cognitive domains, though case-controlled prospective studies with extended follow-ups are needed to fully elucidate changes and predictors of cognitive function in HF.
Appropriability Hazards and Governance in Strategic Alliances: A Transaction Cost Approach

Despite the recent proliferation of interfirm alliances designed to govern cooperative efforts in creating or exploiting technology, we have limited understanding of how firms chose among the various alliance types available to them. In this article, I examine the governance properties of different alliance types and develop a simplified market-hierarchy continuum of alliances. This then forms the basis for an empirical examination of appropriability hazards and governance. Strong support for hypotheses derived from transaction cost theory is provided by analysis of a large sample of interfirm alliances. More hierarchical alliances are chosen when appropriablity hazards are severe because technology is difficult to specify or because the scope of activities is wider, so that monitoring is hampered. Copyright 1997 by Oxford University Press.
The influence of internal and external social networks on HRM capabilities in MNC subsidiaries in China

In this study we examine the influence of involvement in internal and external social networks on HRM capabilities. We distinguish between technical and strategic HRM capabilities and focus on the capabilities of the HR department relating to four HRM practices – recruitment and selection, training and development, compensation, and performance appraisal. The study is based on data from dual respondents, general managers and HR managers, in 66 European MNC subsidiaries located in China. The results indicate that contact with other MNCs in China regarding HRM issues is positively associated with both technical and strategic HRM capabilities whereas contact with local Chinese companies does not have any significant influence on either strategic or technical HRM capabilities. Contact with MNC headquarters is positively associated with strategic HRM capabilities.
Socialized to be a professional: a study of the professionalism of accountants in Hong Kong

Abstract Extant definitions of professionalism in the management literature are ambiguous. Adopting a socialization perspective, in this study we view professionalism as the values, goals and norms learned through professional socialization. Based on Miner’s (1993) motivation role theory, we develop a new scale of professionalism. We further investigate the antecedents and outcomes of professionalism and test a number of hypotheses on 251 accountants in Hong Kong. Our results suggest that current job characteristics have a stronger effect on professionalism than does early stage socialization. Additionally, a higher level of professionalism is related to higher professional identification, higher job satisfaction and lower intentions to quit. Theoretical and managerial implications are drawn.