Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Near-Infrared and Optical Morphology of Spiral Galaxies

We announce the initial release of data from the Ohio State University (OSU) Bright Spiral Galaxy Survey, a BVRJHK imaging survey of a well-defined sample of 205 bright, nearby spiral galaxies. We present H-band morphological classification on the Hubble sequence for the OSU Survey sample. We compare the H-band classification to B-band classification from our own images and from standard galaxy catalogs. Our B-band classifications match well with those of the standard catalogs. On average, galaxies with optical classifications from Sa through Scd appear about one T type earlier in the H band than in the B band, but with large scatter. This result does not support recent claims made in the literature that the optical and near-IR morphologies of spiral galaxies are uncorrelated. We present detailed descriptions of the H-band morphologies of our entire sample, as well as B- and H-band images for a set of 17 galaxies chosen as type examples and BRH color-composite images of six galaxies chosen to demonstrate the range in morphological variation as a function of wavelength.
Intentions to Shop Using Internet Catalogues: Exploring the Effects of Product Types, Shopping Orientations, and Attitudes towards Computers

The Internet is emerging as a powerful communications medium and distribution channel for catalogue retailers. Estimates of Internet catalogue sales continue to climb as increasing number of consumers embrace the concept of online shopping. In this paper, we present the results of a study intended to examine intentions to shop using Internet catalogues by product types, shopping orientations, and attitudes toward computers. Our results show that intentions are different for music CDs/cassettes and clothing. The findings also indicate that in-home and mall-shopping orientations, and attitudes towards computers are strong discriminators between low- and high-intentions to shop through Internet catalogues. Based on the findings, we discuss possible implications for online catalogue retailers.
Convergent, Discriminant, and Incremental Validities of Person–Environment Fit Scale for Creativity in Predicting Innovative Behavior

This study examined the validity of a 14-item two-factor person–environment fit scale for creativity (PEFSC) to measure the personal and environmental components of creativity. A sample of 2,475 participants completed the PEFSC for evaluating the factor structure. For convergent, discriminant, and incremental validities, a subsample (N = 362) completed the creative self-efficacy scale, support for innovation subscale of the team climate inventory, and innovative behavior measure. Results indicated the two-factor correlated model showed a better goodness of fit than the one-factor model. Measurement invariance of PEFSC was observed across different genders and educational groups. Internal consistency reliabilities were satisfactory (a ≥ .87). The personal dimension indicated stronger associations with creative self-efficacy than with support for innovation, whereas the environmental dimension was related more closely to support for innovation than to creative self-efficacy. Incremental validity was confirmed by significant and additional explanations from PEFSC in predicting innovative behavior. These results consolidated the application of person–environment fit theoretical framework in creativity research.
Computational intelligence in steganalysis environment

This paper presents gives a consolidated view of digital media steganalysis from the perspective of computational intelligence (CI). The environment of digital media steganalysis can be divided into three (3) domains which are image steganalysis, audio steganalysis, and video steganalysis. Three (3) major methods have also been identified in the computational intelligence based on these steganalysis domains which are bayesian, neural network, and genetic algorithm. Each of these methods has pros and cons. Therefore, it depends on the steganalyst to use and choose a suitable method based on their purposes and its environment.
Large-Scale Structure Shocks at Low and High Redshifts

Cosmological simulations show that, at the present time, a substantial fraction of the gas in the intergalactic medium (IGM) has been shock heated to T ≳ 105 K. Here we develop an analytic model to describe the fraction of shocked, moderately overdense gas in the IGM. The model is an extension of the Press & Schechter description for the mass function of halos: we assume that large-scale structure shocks occur at a fixed overdensity during nonlinear collapse. This in turn allows us to compute the fraction of gas at a given redshift that has been shock heated to a specified temperature. We show that if strong shocks occur at turnaround, our model provides a reasonable description of the temperature distribution seen in cosmological simulations at z ~ 0, although it does overestimate the importance of weak shocks. We then apply our model to shocks at high redshifts. We show that before reionization, the thermal energy of the IGM is dominated by large-scale structure shocks (rather than virialized objects). These shocks can have a variety of effects, including stripping ≲10% of the gas from dark matter minihalos, accelerating cosmic rays, and creating a diffuse radiation background from inverse Compton and cooling radiation. This radiation background develops before the first stars form and could have measurable effects on molecular hydrogen formation and the spin temperature of the 21 cm transition of neutral hydrogen. Finally, we show that shock heating will also be directly detectable by redshifted 21 cm measurements of the neutral IGM in the young universe.
School Counselors’ Emotional Intelligence and Its Relationship to Leadership

In this investigation, we examined the relationship between emotional intelligence, leadership self-efficacy (LSE), self-leadership, and leadership experiences among a sample of practicing school counselors. School counselors who reported higher levels of emotional intelligence also reported greater LSE, self-leadership, and leadership experiences. We discuss the implications of these findings for the practice of school counseling and potential future research on school counselor leadership.
The Mechanism of Gene Targeting in Human Somatic Cells

Gene targeting in human somatic cells is of importance because it can be used to either delineate the loss-of-function phenotype of a gene or correct a mutated gene back to wild-type. Both of these outcomes require a form of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair known as homologous recombination (HR). The mechanism of HR leading to gene targeting, however, is not well understood in human cells. Here, we demonstrate that a two-end, ends-out HR intermediate is valid for human gene targeting. Furthermore, the resolution step of this intermediate occurs via the classic DSB repair model of HR while synthesis-dependent strand annealing and Holliday Junction dissolution are, at best, minor pathways. Moreover, and in contrast to other systems, the positions of Holliday Junction resolution are evenly distributed along the homology arms of the targeting vector. Most unexpectedly, we demonstrate that when a meganuclease is used to introduce a chromosomal DSB to augment gene targeting, the mechanism of gene targeting is inverted to an ends-in process. Finally, we demonstrate that the anti-recombination activity of mismatch repair is a significant impediment to gene targeting. These observations significantly advance our understanding of HR and gene targeting in human cells.
Starting Points

This Element reviews the first 120 years of organization theory, examining its development from the sociology of organizations and management theory. It is initially organized around two streams of thought. The first is found in political economy and the sociology of organizations, with an emphasis on understanding the new organizations that arose in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The second derives from practitioner–scholars, whose aim was to provide theories and approaches to managing these new organizations. The Element then shows how each of the streams of understanding and managing came together to produce organization theory. In doing this, it also describes how the institutional frameworks in academic associations, academic centres and journals came out of these approaches and how they strengthened the development of organization theory.
Variance decay for functionals of the environment viewed by the particle

For the random walk among random conductances, we prove that the environment viewed by the particle converges to equilibrium polynomially fast in the variance sense, our main hypothesis being that the conductances are bounded away from zero. The basis of our method is the establishment of a Nash inequality, followed either by a comparison with the simple random walk or by a more direct analysis based on a martingale decomposition. As an example of application, we show that under certain conditions, our results imply an estimate of the speed of convergence of the mean square displacement of the walk towards its limit.
Association of Seasonal Climate Variability and Age-Specific Mortality in Northern Sweden before the Onset of Industrialization

Background and aims: Little is known about health impacts of climate in pre-industrial societies. We used historical data to investigate the association of temperature and precipitation with total and age-specific mortality in Skellefteå, northern Sweden, between 1749 and 1859. Methods: We retrieved digitized aggregated population data of the Skellefteå parish, and monthly temperature and precipitation measures. A generalized linear model was established for year to year variability in deaths by annual and seasonal average temperature and cumulative precipitation using a negative binomial function, accounting for long-term trends in population size. The final full model included temperature and precipitation of all four seasons simultaneously. Relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for total, sex- and age-specific mortality. Results: In the full model, only autumn precipitation proved statistically significant (RR 1.02; CI 1.00–1.03, per 1cm increase of autumn precipitation), while winter temperature (RR 0.98; CI 0.95–1.00, per 1 °C increase in temperature) and spring precipitation (RR 0.98; CI 0.97–1.00 per 1 cm increase in precipitation) approached significance. Similar effects were observed for men and women. The impact of climate variability on mortality was strongest in children aged 3–9, and partly also in older children. Infants, on the other hand, appeared to be less affected by unfavourable climate conditions. Conclusions: In this pre-industrial rural region in northern Sweden, higher levels of rain during the autumn increased the annual number of deaths. Harvest quality might be one critical factor in the causal pathway, affecting nutritional status and susceptibility to infectious diseases. Autumn rain probably also contributed to the spread of air-borne diseases in crowded living conditions. Children beyond infancy appeared most vulnerable to climate impacts.
Improvement of Screening Accuracy of Mini-Mental State Examination for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Non-Alzheimer's Disease Dementia by Supplementation of Verbal Fluency Performance

Objective This study aimed to investigate whether the supplementation of Verbal Fluency: Animal category test (VF) performance can improve the screening ability of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia and their major subtypes. Methods Six hundred fifty-five cognitively normal (CN), 366 MCI [282 amnestic MCI (aMCI); 84 non-amnestic MCI (naMCI)] and 494 dementia [346 Alzheimer's disease (AD); and 148 non-Alzheimer's disease dementia (NAD)] individuals living in the community were included (all aged 50 years and older) in the study. Results The VF-supplemented MMSE (MMSE+VF) score had a significantly better screening ability for MCI, dementia and overall cognitive impairment (MCI plus dementia) than the MMSE raw score alone. MMSE+VF showed a significantly better ability than MMSE for both MCI subtypes, i.e., aMCI and naMCI. In the case of dementia subtypes, MMSE+VF was better than the MMSE alone for NAD screening, but not for AD screening. Conclusion The results support the usefulness of VF-supplementation to improve the screening performance of MMSE for MCI and NAD.
Predicting the current potential and future world wide distribution of the onion maggot, Delia antiqua using maximum entropy ecological niche modeling

Climate change will markedly impact biology, population ecology, and spatial distribution patterns of insect pests because of the influence of future greenhouse effects on insect development and population dynamics. Onion maggot, Delia antiqua, larvae are subterranean pests with limited mobility, that directly feed on bulbs of Allium sp. and render them completely unmarketable. Modeling the spatial distribution of such a widespread and damaging pest is crucial not only to identify current potentially suitable climactic areas but also to predict where the pest is likely to spread in the future so that appropriate monitoring and management programs can be developed. In this study, Maximum Entropy Niche Modeling was used to estimate the current potential distribution of D. antiqua and to predict the future distribution of this species in 2030, 2050, 2070 and 2080 by using emission scenario (A2) with 7 climate variables. The results of this study show that currently highly suitable habitats for D.antiqua occur throughout most of East Asia, some regions of North America, Western Europe, and Western Asian countries near the Caspian sea and Black Sea. In the future, we predict an even broader distribution of this pest spread more extensively throughout Asia, North America and Europe, particularly in most of European countries, Central regions of United States and much of East Asia. Our present day and future predictions can enhance strategic planning of agricultural organizations by identifying regions that will need to develop Integrated Pest Management programs to manage the onion maggot. The distribution forecasts will also help governments to optimize economic investments in management programs for this pest by identifying regions that are or will become less suitable for current and future infestations.
The racial self-identification of South Asians in the United States

The racial identity of South Asians has long been a subject of controversy in the United States. Their inchoate racial status translates into a variety of racial descriptors being chosen by and for South Asians. This paper uses 1990 census data to examine the socio-economic and demographic correlates of the racial self-identification choices made by household heads of Asian Indian origin, both foreign-and US-born. The results of multinomial logit analysis show that respondents who are more acculturated to the United States are more likely to describe themselves as 'Black' or 'White' than are those with less familiarity with American society. However, higher socio-economic levels are associated with a greater likelihood of self-identification as South Asian on the census race question. Finally, comparison with a sample of Asian Indian children reveals the latter's greater tendency to be identified with a race other than South Asian, due both to their more extensive mixed ancestry and their larger share of US-born respondents.
Using Intra-Profile Information for Author Profiling

In this paper we describe the participation of the Laboratory of Language Technologies of INAOE at PAN 2014. We address the Author Profiling (AP) task finding and exploiting relationships among terms, documents, profiles and subprofiles. Our approach uses the idea of second order attributes (a lowdimensional and dense document representation) [4], but goes beyond incorporating information among each target profile. The proposed representation deepen the analysis incorporating information among texts in the same profile, this is, we focus in subprofiles. For this, we automatically find subprofiles and build document vectors that represent more detailed relationships of documents and subprofiles. We compare the proposed representation with the standard Bag-of-Terms and the best method in PAN13 using the PAN 2014 corpora for AP task. Results show evidence of the usefulness of intra-profile information to determine gender and age profiles. According to the PAN 2014 official results, the proposed method was one of the best three approaches for most social media domains. Particularly, it achieved the best performance in predicting age and gender profiles for blogs and tweets in English.
Classroom learning environment, critical thinking and achievement in an interdisciplinary subject: a study of Hong Kong secondary school graduates

Abstract Although the relationship between the classroom learning environment and academic achievement has been explored in subject-free and disciplinary subject contexts, research into this relationship is still lacking in the context of interdisciplinary subjects. This study investigated the relationship between the classroom learning environment and student achievement in an interdisciplinary subject (i.e. liberal studies) in Hong Kong secondary schools. The mediating role of critical thinking was also explored. The participants were 410 Hong Kong secondary school graduates. The structural equation modelling analyses indicated that (1) the Content aspect of the classroom learning environment had an effect on the achievement in liberal studies, and this effect was not mediated by critical thinking; (2) the Pedagogy aspect predicted critical thinking skills, which in turn predicted the achievement in liberal studies; (3) the Relation aspect had no significant effects on critical thinking skills and student achievement in liberal studies. Suggestions on enhancing students’ high-order thinking skills and achievement in interdisciplinary subjects were provided.
Students’ Motivation in Reading English Text: A Qualitative Study in EFL Context

This article addresses an objective description and reasons for the student’s motivation in reading English text. Sixty students of tenth grade at SMA Negeri 55 South Jakarta participated on filling in 50 statements of 11 domains of motivation. An interview, another method to collect data needed and to meet a methodological triangulation, was employed to capture the participants’ perspective. Findings revealed that reading curiosity is the highest domain of the students’ motivation (92.22%), and social reason for reading is the lowest one (55.56%). Some interpretations are included in this paper.
Corporate social responsibility disclosure and interaction effects of ownership structure on firm performance

This study examines the effects of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activity as a business strategy towards creating value for the company. Using the annual reports of 242 Malaysian listed companies, this study investigates the effects of CSR disclosure and firm performance in 2006 and 2008. This study also examines the interaction effects of ownership structure on this relationship. Results of this study provide evidence that CSR activity has the propensity to impact significantly on a company's success. The insignificant results reported in relation to the interaction effects of family and government ownerships further corroborate the strategic importance of CSR activities and disclosure decisions by managers in Malaysia. Overall, findings in this study indicate that CSR activities can potentially lead to strong financial performance. In addition, it also provides regulatory bodies with enhanced understanding in their efforts to improve CSR activities and disclosures even in agency setting characterised with the existence of dominant owners.
Effects of dialect and context on the realisation of German prenuclear accents

We investigated whether alignment differences reported for Southern and Northern German speakers (Southerners align peaks in prenuclear accents later than Northerners) are carried over to the production of different functional categories such as contrast. To this end, the realisation of non-contrastive theme accents is compared with those in contrastive themerheme pairs such as ‘Sam rented a truck and Johanna rented a car. ’ We found that when producing this ‘doublecontrast’, speakers mark contrast both phonetically by delaying and rising the peak of the theme accent (‘Johanna’) and/or phonologically by a change in rheme accent type (from high to falling ‘car’). The effect of dialect is complex: a) only in noncontrastive contexts produced with a high rheme accent Southerners align peaks later than Northerners; b) peak delay as a means to signal functional contrast is not used uniformly by the two varieties. Dialect clearly affects the realisation of prenuclear accents but its effect is conditioned by the pragmatic and intonational context.
Analisis Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Sekolah Dasar pada Pembelajaran Matematika Kurikulum 2013

Pembelajaran Matematika tidak hanya sekadar mengajarkan konsep-konsep Matematika dan menuntut siswa hanya menjawab pertanyaan dengan benar, namun perlu mendorong siswa untuk mampu berpikir kritis. Berpikir kritis dalam pembelajaran Matematika diperlukan sebagai proses dalam pemecahan masalah. Kurikulum 2013 memfasilitasi guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran yang berorientasi pada keterampilan berpikir kritis tersebut. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah menganalisis keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa dalam pembelajaran Matematika di sekolah dasar yang menjadi pilot project Kurikulum 2013 di Kota Semarang. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa secara kualitatif berdasarkan data kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tes dan wawancara. Data yang telah terkumpul kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis kualitatif berdasarkan indikator berpikir kritis yang telah ditentukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa terbagi menjadi empat kategori, yaitu siswa yang termasuk kategori sangat kritis 42,2%; kritis 44,3%; tidak kritis 10,3%; dan sangat tidak kritis 3%. Simpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah mayoritas siswa sekolah dasar pilot project di Kota Semarang sudah mampu berpikir kritis dalam pembelajaran Matematika.
Does E‐Government Promote Accountability? A Comparative Analysis of Website Openness and Government Accountability

Under the global pressure of information technology, the adoption of web-based technologies in public administration has created a new government-and-citizen interface. However, whether e-government will unambiguously lead to a more transparent, interactive, open and hence, accountable, government remains a central question. Applying a framework of global pressure effects on bureaucratic change, this paper conducts an empirical study on website openness and accountability in fourteen countries. Even when overall accountability levels rise, the accountability gap between different national bureaucracies often remains intact as web-based technologies typically maintain or reinforce the existing practices. The question of whether e-government promotes accountability depends on what kind of bureaucracy one is referring to in the first place. In the current debate about global convergence and national divergence on the effect of globalization on public bureaucracies, the spread of e-government provides a case of convergence in practice rather than in results.