Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The YouTube Social Network

Today, YouTube is the largest user-driven video content provider in the world; it has become a major platform for disseminating multimedia information. A major contribution to its success comes from the user-to-user social experience that differentiates it from traditional content broadcasters. This work examines the social network aspect of YouTube by measuring the full-scale YouTube subscription graph, comment graph, and video content corpus. We find YouTube to deviate significantly from network characteristics that mark traditional online social networks, such as homophily, reciprocative linking, and assortativity. However, comparing to reported characteristics of another content-driven online social network, Twitter, YouTube is remarkably similar. Examining the social and content facets of user popularity, we find a stronger correlation between a user's social popularity and his/her most popular content as opposed to typical content popularity. Finally, we demonstrate an application of our measurements for classifying YouTube Partners, who are selected users that share YouTube's advertisement revenue. Results are motivating despite the highly imbalanced nature of the classification problem.
PRIVE: anonymous location-based queries in distributed mobile systems

Nowadays, mobile users with global positioning devices canaccess Location Based Services (LBS) and query about pointsof interest in their proximity. For such applications to succeed,privacy and confidentiality are essential. Encryptionalone is not adequate; although it safeguards the systemagainst eavesdroppers, the queries themselves may disclosethe location and identity of the user. Recently, there havebeen proposed centralized architectures based on K-anonymity,which utilize an intermediate anonymizer between themobile users and the LBS. However, the anonymizer mustbe updated continuously with the current locations of allusers. Moreover, the complete knowledge of the entire systemposes a security threat, if the anonymizer is compromised.In this paper we address two issues: (i) We show thatexisting approaches may fail to provide spatial anonymityfor some distributions of user locations and describe a noveltechnique which solves this problem. (ii) We propose Prive,a decentralized architecture for preserving the anonymityof users issuing spatial queries to LBS. Mobile users self-organizeinto an overlay network with good fault toleranceand load balancing properties. Prive avoids the bottleneckcaused by centralized techniques both in terms of anonymizationand location updates. Moreover, the system state isdistributed in numerous users, rendering Prive resilient toattacks. Extensive experimental studies suggest that Priveis applicable to real-life scenarios with large populations ofmobile users.
Physical and Perceptual Factors Shape the Neural Mechanisms That Integrate Audiovisual Signals in Speech Comprehension

Face-to-face communication challenges the human brain to integrate information from auditory and visual senses with linguistic representations. Yet the role of bottom-up physical (spectrotemporal structure) input and top-down linguistic constraints in shaping the neural mechanisms specialized for integrating audiovisual speech signals are currently unknown. Participants were presented with speech and sinewave speech analogs in visual, auditory, and audiovisual modalities. Before the fMRI study, they were trained to perceive physically identical sinewave speech analogs as speech (SWS-S) or nonspeech (SWS-N). Comparing audiovisual integration (interactions) of speech, SWS-S, and SWS-N revealed a posterior–anterior processing gradient within the left superior temporal sulcus/gyrus (STS/STG): Bilateral posterior STS/STG integrated audiovisual inputs regardless of spectrotemporal structure or speech percept; in left mid-STS, the integration profile was primarily determined by the spectrotemporal structure of the signals; more anterior STS regions discarded spectrotemporal structure and integrated audiovisual signals constrained by stimulus intelligibility and the availability of linguistic representations. In addition to this “ventral” processing stream, a “dorsal” circuitry encompassing posterior STS/STG and left inferior frontal gyrus differentially integrated audiovisual speech and SWS signals. Indeed, dynamic causal modeling and Bayesian model comparison provided strong evidence for a parallel processing structure encompassing a ventral and a dorsal stream with speech intelligibility training enhancing the connectivity between posterior and anterior STS/STG. In conclusion, audiovisual speech comprehension emerges in an interactive process with the integration of auditory and visual signals being progressively constrained by stimulus intelligibility along the STS and spectrotemporal structure in a dorsal fronto-temporal circuitry.
Significant hydrogen exchange protection in GroEL‐bound DHFR is maintained during iterative rounds of substrate cycling

An unresolved key issue in the mechanism of protein folding assisted by the molecular chaperone GroEL is the nature of the substrate protein bound to the chaperonin at different stages of its reaction cycle. Here we describe the conformational properties of human dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) bound to GroEL at different stages of its ATP‐driven folding reaction, determined by hydrogen exchange labeling and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Considerable protection involving about 20 hydrogens is observed in DHFR bound to GroEL in the absence of ATR Analysis of the line width of peaks in the mass spectra, together with fluorescence quenching and ANS binding studies, suggest that the bound DHFR is partially folded, but contains stable structure in a small region of the polypeptide chain. DHFR rebound to GroEL 3 min after initiating its folding by the addition of MgATP was also examined by hydrogen exchange, fluorescence quenching, and ANS binding. The results indicate that the extent of protection of the substrate protein rebound to GroEL is indistinguishable from that of the initial bound state. Despite this, small differences in the quenching coefficient and ANS binding properties are observed in the rebound state. On the basis of these results, we suggest that GroEL‐assisted folding of DHFR occurs by minor structural adjustments to the partially folded substrate protein during iterative cycling, rather than by complete unfolding of this protein substrate on the chaperonin surface.
Comparison of lesion enhancement on spin-echo and gradient-echo images.

PURPOSE To compare lesion enhancement after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine on spin-echo and gradient-echo T1-weighted images. METHODS A total of 48 contrast-enhancing intracranial lesions were evaluated using a spin-echo and two gradient-echo T1-weighted pulse sequences. Percent contrast, contrast-to-noise, and signal-to-noise measurements were made on the spin-echo T1-weighted, three-dimensional gradient-echo, and multiplanar gradient-echo sequences. RESULTS The measurements were somewhat different for the following categories of lesions: extraaxial, intraaxial with edema, and intraaxial without edema. The latter group provided the greatest diagnostic challenge: three of 19 such lesions 1 cm in size or smaller could not be identified on three-dimensional gradient-echo images, and one could not be identified on multi-planar gradient-echo images. The spin-echo T1-weighted sequence demonstrated significantly higher percent contrast (P < .05) and greater contrast to noise (P < .03) than either gradient-echo sequence for these small intraaxial lesions without edema. For extraaxial and intraaxial lesions with edema, percent C was similar for spin-echo T1-weighted and three-dimensional gradient-echo images, while contrast to noise was greater for spin-echo T1-weighted images. This reflected greater tissue noise with gradient-echo sequences. CONCLUSION The T1-weighted spin-echo sequence was preferred for detecting the full spectrum of contrast-enhancing lesions of the central nervous system.
Arsenite‐induced changes in hepatic protein abundance in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

Arsenic is an environmental pollutant, and its liver toxicity has long been recognized. The effect of arsenic on liver protein expression was analyzed using a proteomic approach in monkeys. Monkeys were orally administered sodium arsenite (SA) for 28 days. As shown by 2D‐PAGE in combination with MS, the expression levels of 16 proteins were quantitatively changed in SA‐treated monkey livers compared to control‐treated monkey livers. Specifically, the levels of two proteins, mortalin and tubulin beta chain, were increased, and 14 were decreased, including plastin‐3, cystathionine‐beta‐synthase, selenium‐binding protein 1, annexin A6, alpha‐enolase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase‐M, erlin‐2, and arginase‐1. In view of their functional roles, differential expression of these proteins may contribute to arsenic‐induced liver toxicity, including cell death and carcinogenesis. Among the 16 identified proteins, four were selected for validation by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Additional Western blot analyses indicated arsenic‐induced dysregulation of oxidative stress related, genotoxicity‐related, and glucose metabolism related proteins in livers from SA‐treated animals. Many changes in the abundance of toxicity‐related proteins were also demonstrated in SA‐treated human hepatoma cells. These data on the arsenic‐induced regulation of proteins with critical roles may help elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying arsenic‐induced liver toxicity.
Monitoring of Induction Machines currents by high frequency resolution analysis

Diagnostic techniques of electrical faults for induction machines are usually based on spectral analysis of stator currents. Hence large time acquisition period are mandatory in order to achieve high frequency resolution. Moreover, a sharp knowledge of supply frequency and slip are required in order to monitor the spectrum lines specifically linked to electrical faults. Several research activities were aimed at retrieving algorithms to cope with the above issues. However for real-time implementation of diagnostic systems, a suitable computational cost is required. In this paper, statistical time domain techniques are used to track supply frequency and slip that features either a lower computational cost or a higher accuracy than traditional discrete Fourier transform techniques. Then, the accurate knowledge of supply frequency and slip are used to tune the parameters of the zoom-FFT algorithm that allows higher frequency resolution keeping constant the computational cost, or lower computational cost keeping constant the frequency resolution. Therefore, the proposed method allows an accurate estimation of the amplitudes of the stator current spectrum lines related to electrical faults at reduced computational cost
Authorship Verification: An Approach based on Random Forest: Notebook for PAN at CLEF 2015

Authorship attribution, being an important problem in many areas including information retrieval, computational linguistics, law and journalism etc., has been identified as a subject of increasingly research interest in the recent years. In case of Author Identification task in PAN at CLEF 2015, the main focus was given on cross-genre and cross-topic author verification tasks. We have used several word-based and style-based features to identify the differences between the known and unknown problems of one given set and label the unknown ones accordingly using a Random Forest based classifier.
Modelling of microstructure evolution in hot forming using unified constitutive equations

In hot metal forming processes, materials deform viscoplastically and the microstructure of materials changes dynamically (during the forming deformation) and statically (in the interval of operations or after forming processes). Techniques are required to enable the microstructure of a formed part to be predicted. In this paper, various models, developed by material scientists, are reviewed. They are used to model individual physical parameters of microstructure, such as grain size evolution in static and dynamic conditions, dislocation density accumulation and recovery, recrystallisation, dissolving rate of precipitates. Techniques have been introduced to incorporate mechanism-based microstructure parameters into a viscoplastic flow model to form a set of unified viscoplastic constitutive equations, which are implemented into FE solvers, through user defined subroutines, to simulate microstructure evolution in hot forming processes. Three examples are detailed in this paper. They are modelling of grain growth in superplastic forming, modelling of microstructure evolution in hot rolling and dissolving of precipitates in solution heat treatment (SHT) and their effects on viscoplastic flow of an Al-alloy. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Forward and Backward Bisimulations for Chemical Reaction Networks

We present two quantitative behavioral equivalences over species of a chemical reaction network (CRN) with semantics based on ordinary differential equations. Forward CRN bisimulation identifies a partition where each equivalence class represents the exact sum of the concentrations of the species belonging to that class. Backward CRN bisimulation relates species that have identical solutions at all time points when starting from the same initial conditions. Both notions can be checked using only CRN syntactical information, i.e., by inspection of the set of reactions. We provide a unified algorithm that computes the coarsest refinement up to our bisimulations in polynomial time. Further, we give algorithms to compute quotient CRNs induced by a bisimulation. As an application, we find significant reductions in a number of models of biological processes from the literature. In two cases we allow the analysis of benchmark models which would be otherwise intractable due to their memory requirements.
Phase I-II study of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by radical surgery in locally advanced cervical cancer

The usefulness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) regimens has been reported; however, the effect of NAC for advanced stages (especially stage III-IVA) is thought to be insufficient. We conducted a phase I-II study of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy consisting of intra-arterial (i.a.) infusion of carboplatin and intracavitary brachytherapy in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer to achieve the new NAC method. Sixteen eligible patients included those with previously untreated stage IIB, III or IVA cancer with bulky tumor. Brachytherapy using iridium-192 was performed with concurrent i.a. chemotherapy with carboplatin (200, 300 and 400 mg/m2). Treatment was repeated every 4 weeks for a total of two cycles. Both hematologic and non-hematologic toxicities were generally mild. Grade 4 hematologic toxicity was observed in 12.5% and there were no grade III or IV non-hematologic toxicities. The optimal dose of carboplatin was determined to be 400 mg/m2. Among 16 patients, six showed complete response (37.5%) and nine showed partial response (56.3%), for an overall response rate of 93.8%. All 15 responding patients underwent radical surgery with a pelvic lymphadenectomy and postoperative radiotherapy. The combination of brachytherapy and i.a. chemotherapy with carboplatin is a promising regimen for NAC in locally advanced cervical cancer.
Modeling and implementation of sigma-delta modulation controller for DC/AC inverter

A sigma-delta modulation controlled DC/AC inverter is proposed. Modeling and analysis of sigma-delta modulation (SDM) controller are explored. The pulse width of the SDM formed by cycle-by-cycle integration loop is clearly described. System stability is studied by root-locus and Bode plot techniques. An approach to reducing the THD is conducted by Fourier analysis. A prototype of 1 kVA SDM controlled DC/AC inverter is designed and examined. Simulation and experiment are close to the theoretical predictions. The proposed inverter can provide high efficiency up to 90% under the rated power and still keep the total harmonic distortion (THD) without EMI filter within 2%.
β‐Blockers protect against spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients: a meta‐analysis

Introduction: Bacterial infections have been hypothetized to be a trigger of variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients and β‐blockers may have a protective effect by decreasing bacterial translocation, reducing portal pressure. The aim of our study was to evaluate the possible role of β‐blockers in preventing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites.
Centrin4 coordinates cell and nuclear division in T. brucei

Centrins are Ca2+-binding proteins that have been implicated in a number of biological processes, including organelle duplication, mRNA export, DNA repair and signal transduction. In the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei we have previously described TbCentrin2, which is present on a bi-lobed structure, and involved in the duplication and segregation of the Golgi complex. Recently, another centrin, TbCentrin4, was also found at the bi-lobe and has been implicated in organelle segregation and cytokinesis. We now show that cytokinesis is not inhibited, but that a dysregulation of nuclear and cell division leads to the production of zoids – daughter siblings that contain all organelles except the nucleus. Our results, therefore, suggest that TbCentrin4 is involved in processes that coordinate karyokinesis and cytokinesis.
Implementing Dementia Care Mapping as a practice development tool in dementia care services: a systematic review

Dementia Care Mapping (DCM) is an observational tool set within a practice development process. Following training in the method, DCM is implemented via a cyclic process of briefing staff, conducting mapping observations, data analysis and report preparation, feedback to staff and action planning. Recent controlled studies of DCM’s efficacy have found heterogeneous results, and variability in DCM implementation has been indicated as a potential contributing factor. This review aimed to examine the primary research evidence on the processes and the barriers and facilitators to implementing DCM as a practice development method within formal dementia care settings. PUBMED, PsycINFO, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library-Cochrane reviews, HMIC (Ovid), Web of Science and Social Care Online were searched using the term “Dementia Care Mapping”. Inclusion criterion was primary research studies in any formal dementia care settings where DCM was used as a practice development tool and which included discussion/critique of the implementation processes. Assessment of study quality was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Twelve papers were included in the review, representing nine research studies. The papers included discussion of various components of the DCM process, including mapper selection and preparation; mapping observations; data analysis, report writing and feedback; and action planning. However, robust evidence on requirements for successful implementation of these components was limited. Barriers and facilitators to mapping were also discussed. The review found some consensus that DCM is more likely to be successfully implemented if the right people are selected to be trained as mappers, with appropriate mapper preparation and ongoing support and with effective leadership for DCM within the implementing organization/unit and in organizations that already have a person-centered culture or ethos. Future development of the DCM tool should consider ways to save on time taken to conduct DCM cycles. More research to understand the ingredients for effective DCM implementation is needed.
Hooking up during the college years: is there a pattern?

Hook ups are sexual encounters that can include a variety of behaviours (e.g., kissing to intercourse) with no expectation of future contact or a committed relationship. Although hooking up is reported to be common on college campuses across the USA, little is known about whether the frequency of hooking up changes over the course of the college experience. Using cross-sectional data and the covariates alcohol use, gender and relationship status, we examined a synthetic cohort of undergraduate students (n = 1003) on rates of hooking up using (1) logistic regression and (2) an applied form of survival analysis. Whereas both analytic techniques produced similar results, survival analysis provided a more complete picture by showing an increase in the rate of hooking up that peaked between spring semester of the first year of college and autumn semester of the second year of college, followed by a gradual decline in hook up rates over subsequent semesters. Findings indicate that gender is significantly related to hooking up in the logistic regression analysis, with women reporting fewer hook ups; however, gender was not significantly related to hooking up in the survival analysis, indicating that there are no differences in the pattern across cohorts. Implications for promoting the sexual health of college students and future research are discussed.
Niche Conservatism and Disjunct Populations: A Case Study with Painted Buntings (Passerina ciris)

ABSTRACT. Painted Buntings (Passerina ciris) breed in a variety of habitat s across the southern United States; however, a 500-km gap divides the species into eastern and western populations with dramatically different molting schedules. By contrast, the closely related Indigo Bunting (P. cyanea) is syntopic with Painted Buntings, but its range includes the 500-km gap. To date, no well-supported hypothesis explains the gap in the range of Painted Buntings. We used MaxEnt to describe ecological niches of both species and performed comparative analyses of model results to evaluate niche similarity between the two Painted Bunting breeding populations and the range gap. All present-day niche models for both species predicted a single contiguous breeding range, which suggests that the gap in the Painted Bunting range is not bioclimatic in origin. Comparative analyses of the three different environments suggest little bioclimatic divergence. Distribution models during the Last Glacial Maximum suggest that Painted Buntings likely bred as far north as ∼28°N latitude, with two disjunct populations in what are now Florida and northern Mexico. Although alternatives exist, the most parsimonious explanation is that the Gulf of Mexico serves as a migratory divide and there are fitness costs to birds attempting to fly around or over the Gulf to reach their molting or wintering grounds. This was a primary factor contributing to the origin of the current allopatric breeding distribution. Historical distribution models imply that the species may not have filled the 500-km gap as their breeding range expanded northward; divergent molting schedules may reinforce the existing range disjunction.
Synthesis of output feedback control for motion planning based on LTL specifications

In the paper, we study the motion planning problem of a mobile robot in the plane. The goal is to design output feedback control such that the resulting path of a mobile robot satisfies desired linear temporal logic (LTL) specifications. Our control strategy is divided into a local output feedback control problem and a supervisory control for LTL specifications. For the former one, we design output feedback control laws to ensure that output trajectories either remain in a simplex, or leave the simplex and enter an adjacent simplex in finite time. For the latter, we construct a transition system based on reachability and search for feasible paths that satisfy the LTL specifications. In this way, a piecewise affine output feedback control is obtained to solve the motion planning problem. A simulation result is presented to illustrate our approach.