Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Contextual-Congruence Model of Socialization

For more than a century, social scientists from a variety of disciplines have proposed theories of socialization to explain how values, goals, skills, and attitudes are passed from socialization agents to children. Empirical research over the last 25 years points to variations in the socialization process across families from diverse ethnic and socioeconomic groups, prompting the call for new theoretical developments that can explain these differences and expand research questions and methodologies in this area. This article presents a new approach to empirically examining socialization processes that seeks to account for these sociocultural differences, called a contextual-congruence model of socialization. The primary tenets of the model and areas to focus future empirical study are discussed.
Author ' s personal copy Local MRI analysis approach in the diagnosis of early and prodromal Alzheimer ' s disease ☆

In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: Local MRI analysis approach in the diagnosis of early and prodromal Alzheimer's disease ☆ a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: MRI Image analysis Alzheimer's disease Medial temporal lobe Hippocampus Background: Medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy is one of the key biomarkers to detect early neuro-degenerative changes in the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is active research aimed at identifying automated methodologies able to extract accurate classification indexes from T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI). Such indexes should be fit for identifying AD patients as early as possible. Subjects: A reference group composed of 144 AD patients and 189 age-matched controls was used to train and test the procedure. It was then applied on a study group composed of 302 MCI subjects, 136 having progressed to clinically probable AD (MCI-converters) and 166 having remained stable or recovered to normal condition after a 24 month follow-up (MCI-non converters). All subjects came from the ADNI database. Methods: We sampled the brain with 7 relatively small volumes, mainly centered on the MTL, and 2 control regions. These volumes were filtered to give intensity and textural MRI-based features. Each filtered region was analyzed with a Random Forest (RF) classifier to extract relevant features, which were subsequently processed with a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. Once a prediction model was trained and tested on the reference group, it was used to compute a classification index (CI) on the MCI cohort and to assess its accuracy in predicting AD conversion in MCI patients. The performance of the classification based on the features extracted by the whole 9 volumes is compared with that derived from each single volume. All experiments were performed using a bootstrap sampling estimation, and classifier performance was cross-validated with a 20-fold paradigm. Results: We identified a restricted set of image features correlated with the conversion to AD. It is shown that most information originate from a small subset of the total available features, and that it is enough to give a reliable assessment. We found multiple, highly localized image-based features which alone are responsible for the overall clinical diagnosis and …
AN EVALUATION OF THE NOISE TEST A METHOD FOR TESTING OVERALL SECOND LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY BY PERCEPTION UNDER MASKING NOISE

II a ete suggere quc la maitrise generale d'une deuxieme langue peut etre testee par Pidentification de messages dans des situations de bruit (Spolsky et al. 1968). Cet article demontre qu'il y a parfois des differences tres nettes entre les resultats obtenus par un eleve dans le test de bruit et ceux obtenus a l'aide d'autres tests de la capacite linguistique. Ces differences sont en partie attribuables a Tage et a des caracteristiques psychologiques de l'etudiant. L'auteur conclut que le test de bruit n'est pas a recommender comme test de la maitrise generale d'une deuxieme langue. Une dictee sans distorsion artificielle est superieure, dans cette fonction, au test de bruit. D'une fa$on generale, l'auteur rnet pourtant en doute l'utilite, dans la plupart des situations, de mesurer une teile capacite non differenciee.
Vascular Cognitive Impairment: Most Useful Subtests of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Minor Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack

Background/Aims: Cognitive impairment is frequent in cerebrovascular disease but often remains undetected. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) has been proposed in this context. Our aim was to evaluate the MoCA and its subtests in cerebrovascular disease. Methods: We assessed 386 consecutive patients with minor stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Score <4) or transient ischemic attack at 3 months. The MoCA and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) were administered. Computed tomography (CT) scans were assessed for stroke and white matter changes. An unfavorable functional outcome was defined as mRS >1. Results: The prevalence of cognitive impairment (cutoff of 26) was 55% using the MoCA and 13% using the MMSE. In a multivariate analysis, MoCA <26 was associated with the outcome (OR 3.00, CI 1.78-5.03), as were remote lacunar stroke on CT and white matter changes of at least moderate severity. Five subtests (5-word recall, word list generation, trail-making, abstract reasoning and cube copy) formed an optimal short MoCA with 6/10 or less showing a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 83%. Conclusion: This study extends the utility of the MoCA to milder forms of cerebrovascular disease. The MoCA is associated with the 3-month functional outcome. Five subtests may constitute an optimal brief tool in vascular cognitive impairment.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Myelodysplasia-Related Changes.

OBJECTIVES Acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC) is a heterogeneous disorder defined by morphologic, genetic, or clinical features. Genetic abnormalities associated with AML-MRC are often associated with adverse prognostic features, and many cases are preceded by a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or a myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm. METHODS Although the criteria of 20% or more blasts in blood or bone marrow and multilineage dysplasia affecting 50% or more of cells in two or more of the myeloid lineages seem straightforward for AML-MRC, identification of morphologic dysplasia among observers is not always consistent, and there is morphologic overlap with other leukemic disorders such as acute erythroleukemia. RESULTS Session 3 of the workshop cases displayed heterogeneity as expected within AML-MRC, yet several cases suggested that recently recognized entities may exist within this category, such as familial MDS/AML predisposition syndromes and rare cases of high-risk AML associated with the cryptic t(5;11)(q35;p15);NUP98-NSD1 that may masquerade as a del(5q). However, most cases of AML-MRC were usually associated with adverse genetic abnormalities, particularly -5/del(5q), -7/del(7q), and/or complex karyotypes. CONCLUSIONS Whole-genome sequencing and array studies may identify genetic abnormalities, such as those affecting TP53, which may provide prognostic information.
Masked Orthographic Priming: The Effect of Prime-Target Legibility

The occurrence of extensive orthographic form-priming may provide reasons for preferring connectionist-type models over table-lookup (algorithmic) ones. Short-term masked priming procedures, using either tachistoscopic identification or lexical decision as the response measure, have shown consistent form-priming effects. Unfortunately, different results emerge depending on the procedure used. With the identification procedure, almost any orthographic overlap between prime and target is sufficient for priming to occur, but with the lexical decision procedure, form priming effects are much more limited in scope. The experiments reported here show that accuracy in the masked identification paradigm is influenced by the legibility of the target stimulus when superimposed on an image of the prime, even though there is no orthographic overlap between the two stimuli. Yet for the lexical decision version of the masked priming procedure there is no difference in latency or error rate as a function of legibility. It is further shown that the presence or absence of the legibility effect has little to do with the nature of the task required of the subject, but is instead a function of the duration of the target–-i.e. the legibility effect depends on having the prime and the target both displayed rapidly, and both masked. Failing to take legibility effects into account may lead to problems in interpreting the exact extent of form-priming effects in studies that use the identification procedure.
Physical Activity and Health

The contribution of physical activity to good health and quality of life has been known for centuries. The ancient philosopher Plato noted: “Lack of activity destroys the good condition of every human being while movement and methodical physical exercise save it and preserve it”. The current World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines show that Plato’s notion has not lost its importance, by encouraging everyone, regardless age or ability, to engage in regular physical activity, ensuring proper physical development and maintenance of physical and mental health throughout the lifespan. 1
Selective mass treatment with ivermectin to control intestinal helminthiases and parasitic skin diseases in a severely affected population.

OBJECTIVE To assess the short-term and long-term impact of selective mass treatment with ivermectin on the prevalence of intestinal helminthiases and parasitic skin diseases in an economically depressed community in north-east Brazil. METHODS An intervention was carried out in a traditional fishing village in north-east Brazil where the population of 605 is heavily affected by ectoparasites and enteroparasites. The prevalence of intestinal helminths was determined by serial stool examination and the prevalence of parasitic skin diseases by clinical inspection. A total of 525 people out of a target population of 576 were treated at baseline. The majority of these were treated with ivermectin (200 microg/kg with a second dose given after 10 days). If ivermectin was contraindicated, participants were treated with albendazole or mebendazole for intestinal helminths or with topical deltamethrin for ectoparasites. Follow-up examinations were performed at 1 month and 9 months after treatment. FINDINGS Prevalence rates of intestinal helminthiases before treatment and at 1 month and 9 months after mass treatment were: hookworm disease 28.5%, 16.4% and 7.7%; ascariasis 17.1%, 0.4% and 7.2%; trichuriasis 16.5%, 3.4% and 9.4%; strongyloidiasis 11.0%, 0.6% and 0.7%; and hymenolepiasis 0.6%; 0.4% and 0.5%, respectively. Prevalence rates of parasitic skin diseases before treatment and 1 month and 9 months after mass treatment were: active pediculosis 16.1%, 1.0% and 10.3%; scabies 3.8%, 1.0% and 1.5%; cutaneous larva migrans 0.7%, 0% and 0%; tungiasis 51.3%, 52.1% and 31.2%, respectively. Adverse events occurred in 9.4% of treatments. They were all of mild to moderate severity and were transient. CONCLUSION Mass treatment with ivermectin was an effective and safe means of reducing the prevalence of most of the parasitic diseases prevalent in a poor community in north-east Brazil. The effects of treatment lasted for a prolonged period of time.
Kinematics of shot-geophone migration

Recent analysis and synthetic examples have shown that many prestack depth migration methods produce nonflat image gathers containing spurious events, even when provided with a kinematically correct migration velocity field, if this velocityfieldishighlyrefractive.Thispathologyoccursinall migration methods that produce partial images as independent migrations of data bins. Shot-geophone prestack depth migration is an exception to this pattern: each point in the prestack image volume depends explicitly on all traces within the migration aperture. Using a ray-theoretical analysis, we have found that shot-geophone migration produces focusedsubsurface-offsetdomainorflatscattering-angledomain image gathers, provided there is a curvilinear coordinate system defining pseudodepth with respect to which the rays carrying significant energy do not turn, and that the acquisitioncoverageissufficienttodetermineallsuchrays.Although the analysis is theoretical and idealized, a synthetic example suggests that its implications remain valid for practical implementations, and that shot-geophone prestack depth migration could be a particularly appropriate tool for velocityanalysisinacomplexstructure.
womb as oasis: the symbolic context of Pharaonic circumcision in rural Northern Sudan

This paper represents an effort to understand why Pharaonic circumcision of females persists in the Sudanese village of Hofriyat despite numerous attempts to effect its eradication. After a brief consideration of the custom's proposed origins and functions, its rich symbolic context is examined in some detail. Here it emerges that female circumcision is intricately related to a wide variety of local customs and beliefs, all of which appear to be informed by several related idioms stressing the relative value of “enclosedness. ” The paper suggests that for those who have undergone it and who advocate its continuance, Pharaonic circumcision is an assertive, highly meaningful act that emphasizes feminine fertility by de-emphasizing female sexuality, [genital mutilation, circumcision, symbolism, women, Sudan, gender]
The prevalence of personality disorder among wife assaulters

We investigated personality disorder (PD) in court- and self-referred wife assaulters using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial In-ventory-II (MCMI-II-Millon, 1987) and the Personality Disorder Examination (PDE —Loranger, 1988). MCMI-II results indicated that 80% to 90% of men suffered from PD; the prevalence of individual PDs was similar among court- and self-referred men. According to the PDE, the prevalence of PD was considerably lower (50%), although still high in absolute terms. The disorders diagnosed most frequently by both methods were sadistic, antisocial, and borderline personality. The diagnostic agreement between the MCMI-II and the PDE was modest; concurrent correlations between dimensional scores on the two measures were also modest. Analysis of the MCMI-II response style scales indicated that self-referred men were more likely to admit pathology and to be self-critical; this phenomenon appeared to result from court-referred men with antisocial personality traits denying or minimizing pathology.
Fin-shape optimization of an impingement-parallel plate heat sink

As the power dissipated by advanced microelectronic devices continues to increase, the demand for reliability also increases. This increases the requirements on the thermal performance of every part of the system, including the heat sink. One of the objectives of this study is to examine the effect of shape of the heat sink fins on the thermal performance of the system. The pressure gradient from the fan to the base of the heat sink, near the center, tends to be high. This significantly reduces the airflow at that location and, hence, decreases transport in that region. Parallel plate heat sinks have been investigated by removing fin material near the center along the length and height of the fins. The junction-to-ambient temperature difference and pressure drop are adopted as thermal performance characteristics. Five design variables related to the fin shape were considered and the most significant influential geometric parameters for minimizing the objective functions identified using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) approach. Different fin shapes have been studied with the objective of searching for a new optimal heat sink design by optimizing the variables that improve the thermal performance without increasing pressure drop across the heat sink.
Precise Measurement of the Spin Parameter of the Stellar-Mass Black Hole M33 X-7

In prior work, Chandra and Gemini-North observations of the eclipsing X-ray binary M33 X-7 have yielded measurements of the mass of its black hole primary and the system’s orbital inclination angle of unprecedented accuracy. Likewise, the distance to the binary is known to a few percent. In an analysis based on these precise results, 15 Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray spectra, and our fully relativistic accretion disk model, we find that the dimensionless spin parameter of the black hole primary is a* = 0.77 ± 0.05. The quoted 1 σ error includes all sources of observational uncertainty. Four Chandra spectra of the highest quality, which were obtained over a span of several years, all lead to the same estimate of spin to within statistical errors (2%), and this estimate is confirmed by 11 spectra of lower quality. There are two remaining uncertainties: (1) the validity of the relativistic model used to analyze the observations, which is being addressed in ongoing theoretical work; and (2) our assumption that the black hole spin is approximately aligned with the angular momentum vector of the binary, which can be addressed by a future X-ray polarimetry mission.
Code-switching and the sociolinguistic gender pattern

In this paper we test the widely reported finding that women use more Standard and fewer nonstandard forms than men in relation to bilingual code-switched data. First we review the principal explanations that have been offeredfor this pattern within monolingual data setst concluding that the sex ofthe Speaker is not in itself determinant, but that numerous other factors that tie in with gender roles must be considered. We then review a few studies of code-switching where gender differences are apparent and present the results of a small-scale study of gender differences in codeswitching in Punjabi and Greek-Cypriot communities in Britain. Although code-switching is generally considered a nonstandard form of speech, there is no consistent pattern of sex differentiation emerging from the bilingual data. This reinforces our contention that fur ther factors, including the r ole of nonstandard varieties in particular subgroups and types of discourse, need to be considered inpreference to blanket explanations basedon gender.
Fetal-to-Maternal Transfer of Thyroid Hormone Metabolites in Late Gestation in Sheep

3,3′-diiodothyronine sulfate (T2S) derived from T3 of fetal origin is transferred to the maternal circulation and contributes significantly to the maternal urinary pool. The present study quantitatively assesses the fetal to maternal transfer of T4 metabolites compared with those of T3. Labeled T4 or T3 was infused intravenously to four singleton fetuses in utero in each group at gestational age 138 ± 3 d. Maternal and fetal serum and maternal urine samples were collected hourly for 4 h and at 24 h (serum) or in pooled 4–24 h samples (urine). Radioactive metabolites were identified by HPLC and by specific antibody in serum and urine extracts and expressed as percentage infusion dose per liter. The results demonstrate a rapid clearance of labeled T3 from fetal serum (disappearance T1/2 of 0.7 h versus 2.4 h for T4 in the first 4 h). The metabolites found in fetal serum after labeled T3 infusion were T2S > T3 > T3S; in maternal urine, T2S > unconjugated iodothyronines (UI) > T3S > unknown metabolite (UM). After labeled T4 infusion, the metabolites in fetal serum were rT3 > T3 > T2S > T4S in the first 4 h, and rT3 = T3 = T4S = T2S > T3S at 24 h; in maternal urine we found T2S > UM > UI > T4S > T3S in the first 4 h and UM > T2S > UI in 4–24 h pooled sample. In conclusion, the conversion of T3 to T2S followed by fetal to maternal transfer of T2S and other iodothyronines appears to contribute importantly to maintaining low fetal T3 levels in late gestation.
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D circulating levels, calcitriol administration, and incidence of acute rejection, CMV infection, and polyoma virus infection in renal transplant recipients

Observation that 1,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin‐D3 has an immunomodulatory effect on innate and adaptive immunity raises the possible effect on clinical graft outcome. Aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of biopsy‐proven acute rejection, CMV infection, BKV infection, with 1,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin‐D3 deficiency and the benefit of calcitriol supplementation before and during the transplantation. Risk factors and kidney graft function were also evaluated. All RTRs received induction therapy with basiliximab, cyclosporine, mycophenolic acid, and steroids. During the first year, the incidence of BPAR (4% vs 11%, P=.04), CMV infection (3% vs 9%, P=.04), and BKV infection (6% vs 19%, P=.04) was significantly lower in users compared to controls. By multivariate Cox regression analysis, 1,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin‐D3 deficiency and no calcitriol exposure were independent risk factors for BPAR (HR=4.30, P<.005 and HR=3.25, P<.05), for CMV infection (HR=2.33, P<.05 and HR=2.31, P=.001), and for BKV infection (HR=2.41, P<.05 and HR=2.45, P=.001). After one year, users had a better renal function: eGFR was 62.5±6.7 mL/min vs 51.4±7.6 mL/min (P<.05). Only one user developed polyomavirus‐associated nephropathy vs 15 controls. Two users lost their graft vs 11 controls. 1,25(OH)2‐D3 deficiency circulating levels increased the risk of BPAR, CMV infection, BKV infection after kidney transplantation. Administration of calcitriol is a way to obtain adequate 1,25(OH)2‐D3 circulating levels.
More nerve root injuries occur with minimally invasive lumbar surgery: Let's tell someone

Background: In a recent study entitled: “More nerve root injuries occur with minimally invasive lumbar surgery, especially extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF): A review”, Epstein documented that more nerve root injuries occurred utilizing minimally invasive surgery (MIS) versus open lumbar surgery for diskectomy, decompression of stenosis (laminectomy), and/or fusion for instability. Methods: In large multicenter Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial reviews performed by Desai et al., nerve root injury with open diskectomy occurred in 0.13–0.25% of cases, occurred in 0% of laminectomy/stenosis with/without fusion cases, and just 2% for open laminectomy/stenosis/degenerative spondylolisthesis with/without fusion. Results: In another MIS series performed largely for disc disease (often contained nonsurgical disc herniations, therefore unnecessary procedures) or spondylolisthesis, the risk of root injury was 2% for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) versus 7.8% for posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF). Furthermore, the high frequencies of radiculitis/nerve root/plexus injuries incurring during anterior lumbar interbody fusions (ALIF: 15.8%) versus extreme lumbar interbody fusions (XLIF: 23.8%), addressing disc disease, failed back surgery, and spondylolisthesis, were far from acceptable. Conclusions: The incidence of nerve root injuries following any of the multiple MIS lumbar surgical techniques (TLIF/PLIF/ALIF/XLIF) resulted in more nerve root injuries when compared with open conventional lumbar surgical techniques. Considering the majority of these procedures are unnecessarily being performed for degenerative disc disease alone, spine surgeons should be increasingly asked why they are offering these operations to their patients?