Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human invariant natural killer T cells acquire transient innate responsiveness via histone H4 acetylation induced by weak TCR stimulation

Invariant NKT cells (iNKT cells) are innate T lymphocytes that are thought to play an important role in producing an early burst of IFN-γ that promotes successful tumor immunosurveillance and antimicrobial immunity. The cellular activation processes underlying innate IFN-γ production remain poorly understood. We show here that weak T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation that does not directly activate iNKT cell IFN-γ messenger RNA transcription nevertheless induces histone H4 acetylation at specific regions near the IFNG gene locus. This renders the iNKT cells able to produce IFN-γ in an innate manner (i.e., not requiring concurrent TCR stimulation) upon exposure to IL-12 and IL-18. The iNKT cells retain the capacity for innate activation for hours to days after the initial weak TCR stimulation, although their innate responsiveness gradually declines as a function of histone deacetylation. These results explain how iNKT cells are able to mediate rapid innate IFN-γ secretion in a manner that does not require them to undergo permanent T(H1) differentiation. Moreover, our results also indicate that iNKT cell motility is maintained during activation by IL-12 and IL-18. Therefore, iNKT cells activated through this pathway can continue to migrate and may thus disseminate the IFN-γ that they produce, which may amplify its impact.
Semantics-Based Video Indexing using a Stochastic Modeling Approach

Semantic video indexing is the first step towards automatic video retrieval and personalization. We propose a data-driven stochastic modeling approach to perform both video segmentation and video indexing in a single pass. Compared with the existing hidden Markov model (HMM)-based video segmentation and indexing techniques, the advantages of the proposed approach are as follows: (1) the probabilistic grammar defining the video program is generated entirely from the training data allowing the proposed approach to handle various kinds of videos without having to manually redefine the program model; (2) the proposed use of the Tamura features improves the accuracy of temporal segmentation and indexing; (3) the need to use an HMM to model the video edit effects is obviated thus simplifying the processing and collection of training data and ensuring that all video segments in the database are labeled with concepts that have clear semantic meanings in order to facilitate semantics-based video retrieval. Experimental results on broadcast news video are presented.
Finite quantum groupoids and inclusions of finite type

Bialgebroids, separable bialgebroids, and weak Hopf algebras are compared from a categorical point of view. Then properties of weak Hopf algebras and their applications to finite index and finite depth inclusions of von Neumann algebras are shortly reviewed. A hint is given at a duality between bialgebroid actions and abstract inclusions in 2-categories.
Crustal Imaging With Bayesian Inversion of Teleseismic P Wave Coda Autocorrelation

The autocorrelation of the seismic transmission response of a layered medium (autocorrelogram), in the presence of a free surface, corresponds to the reflection response. Despite many studies on the imaging of local structures through retrieval and forward modeling of stacked autocorrelograms, there is limited work on the inversion of these data. In this study, we demonstrate that the probabilistic inversion of autocorrelograms is efficient and can be used as an alternative imaging tool when other approaches are not applicable. Here, we calculate autocorrelograms of teleseismic P wave coda recorded on more than 1,200 permanent and temporary seismic stations across Australia and utilize a Bayesian framework to invert these data for crustal imaging. The results show patterns of structures consistent with those seen in previous crustal models constructed from receiver function, seismic reflection, and refraction methods. The new approach can therefore image large‐scale crustal structures comparable to those from other seismological methods.
Corporate Risk, Market Imperfections, and Speculative Motives

We develop a simple framework for analyzing corporate risk management decisions when managers have a directional prediction on future price levels and there exist frictions in the market for derivatives. The optimal hedging strategy with “a view” retains a partial exposure and requires rebalancing. This can help explain the active trading behaviour of some managers, the large cross sectional and time series variation in hedge ratios and the prevalence of partial hedging. In addition to providing a simple account of the stylized facts, the model generates several untested implications for corporate hedging policy. ∗Finance Area, Kenan-Flagler Business School, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 3490, McColl Building Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3490 (Brown). Finance Area Group, Richard Ivey School of Business, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 3K7 (Khokher). We would like to thank Andres Almazan, Murray Carlson, Craig Dunbar, Sheridan Titman, Klaus Toft and workshop participants at the University of Texas at Austin, the University of Western Ontario, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for their comments. All errors are our sole responsibility.
Improving Low-Cost Measurement Techniques to Investigate the Connections Between Fossil Fuels and Air Quality: from Oil and Gas Production to Home Heating

Natural gas, as an energy resource can exert both positive and negative influences on air quality where people live, work, and go to school. Air quality in basins where oil and gas are produced from geologic formations can be potentially degraded by industry activities, but using natural gas in place of solid fuels like wood and coal for home heating and in other applications can potentially result in improved air quality. Lowcost gas sensors have emerged recently with great potential to help inform air quality on the scales that people live in ways that traditional instrumentation is not well suited, though the usefulness of these tools is complicated by cross sensitivity to environmental variables like temperature and humidity, as well as potentially confounding gas species. The ability of low-cost gas sensors to yield meaningful information about air quality, with relevance to human and environmental health, is therefore contingent on progress in terms of sensor signal quantification methods, best practices for experimental design and deployment, along with data quality assessment and interpretation. In this dissertation, such methods are developed and applied, employing low-cost gas sensors to characterize air quality in both indoor and ambient environments, in the context of natural gas production and end use as a home heating fuel. Carbon monoxide (CO) measurements are used to characterize how home heating fuels can differentially influence air quality in homes on the Navajo Nation. CO levels in homes are quantified with uncertainty estimation and are employed to estimate air exchange rates in homes and CO emission rates. Methods to measure air quality in oil and gas production basins
The Swinburne intermediate-latitude pulsar survey

We have conducted a survey of intermediate Galactic latitudes using the 13-beam 21-cm multibeam receiver of the Parkes 64-m radio telescope. The survey covered the region enclosed by 5°<|b|<15° and −100°<l<50° with 4702 processed pointings of 265 s each, for a total of 14.5 d of integration time. 13 2×96-channel filterbanks provided 288 MHz of bandwidth at a centre frequency of 1374 MHz, one-bit sampled every 125 μs and incurring ∼DM/13.4 cm−3 pc samples of dispersion smearing. The system was sensitive to slow and most millisecond pulsars in the region with flux densities greater than approximately 0.3–1.1 mJy. Offline analysis on the 64-node Swinburne workstation cluster resulted in the detection of 170 pulsars of which 69 were new discoveries. Eight of the new pulsars, by virtue of their small spin periods and period derivatives, may be recycled and have been reported elsewhere. The slow pulsars discovered are typical of those already known in the volume searched, being of intermediate to old age. Several pulsars experience pulse nulling and two display very regular drifting subpulses. We discuss the new discoveries and provide timing parameters for the 48 slow pulsars for which we have a phase-connected solution.
San-José, Leire, Retolaza, Jose Luis and Pruñonosae, Jose Torres Efficiency in Spanish banking: A multistakeholder approach analysis Original Citation San-José,

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Proteomic Analyses of the Vitreous Humour

The human vitreous humour (VH) is a transparent, highly hydrated gel, which occupies the posterior segment of the eye between the lens and the retina. Physiological and pathological conditions of the retina are reflected in the protein composition of the VH, which can be sampled as part of routine surgical procedures. Historically, many studies have investigated levels of individual proteins in VH from healthy and diseased eyes. In the last decade, proteomics analyses have been performed to characterise the proteome of the human VH and explore networks of functionally related proteins, providing insight into the aetiology of diabetic retinopathy and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Recent proteomic studies on the VH from animal models of autoimmune uveitis have identified new signalling pathways associated to autoimmune triggers and intravitreal inflammation. This paper aims to guide biological scientists through the different proteomic techniques that have been used to analyse the VH and present future perspectives for the study of intravitreal inflammation using proteomic analyses.
Real-Time Depth-Based Hand Detection and Tracking

This paper illustrates the hand detection and tracking method that operates in real time on depth data. To detect a hand region, we propose the classifier that combines a boosting and a cascade structure. The classifier uses the features of depth-difference at the stage of detection as well as learning. The features of each candidate segment are to be computed by subtracting the averages of depth values of subblocks from the central depth value of the segment. The features are selectively employed according to their discriminating power when constructing the classifier. To predict a hand region in a successive frame, a seed point in the next frame is to be determined. Starting from the seed point, a region growing scheme is applied to obtain a hand region. To determine the central point of a hand, we propose the so-called Depth Adaptive Mean Shift algorithm. DAM-Shift is a variant of CAM-Shift (Bradski, 1998), where the size of the search disk varies according to the depth of a hand. We have evaluated the proposed hand detection and tracking algorithm by comparing it against the existing AdaBoost (Friedman et al., 2000) qualitatively and quantitatively. We have analyzed the tracking accuracy through performance tests in various situations.
Who's a good boy then? Anthropocentric masculinities in veterinary practice

Veterinary surgeons (vets) provide us with a fascinating platform to study anthropocentric and zoocentric beliefs, which we argue are gendered in both their genesis and practice. Gendered in the sense of the double meaning of our title ‘who's a good boy then? ’, which reflects both a default male gender and a patronizing masculine claim to mastery over the animal. In addition, veterinary practices are organized in specifically masculine ways that, despite the demographic feminization of the profession, are oblivious to distinctively gendered practices and concerns and thus to the reproduction of gendered inequalities. The research also focuses on how there is a tendency for vets to neglect their own bodies for the sake of the animal's welfare (zoocentrism) but, at the same time, this reflects and reproduces masculine anthropocentric demands for human supremacy involving linear rational and effective control over the animal as a necessary part of their commercial and career success. In the empirical presentation, we show how organizational gendering within the gendered organization of veterinary surgery occurs at all levels, sometimes openly and explicitly, but also covertly and implicitly. In seeking to interrogate the covert and implicit in gender asymmetry, we draw on post‐humanist feminist philosophical perspectives that facilitate our challenging of the gendered anthropocentric organization of veterinary work.
The Investigation of Prosocial Behavior in a Tool Task by Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus Apella)

Humans are exceptional in their willingness to and frequency with which they help one another. However, nonhuman primates also exhibit prosocial behavior. Recently, a number of laboratory studies examining prosociality among primates have yielded conflicting results. These contradictory findings may be due to a reliance on human interaction, tokens, or interactions in the direct context of food, a highly valued resource for animals. The current study examined prosocial behavior among capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) in a tool task designed to address these issues by examining whether capuchins would transfer a necessary tool to a partner in different payoff conditions. Some capuchins‟ behavior indicated that they understood the task, passing the tool when a partner and food were present. Notably, tool transfer in both tasks was overwhelmingly active rather than passive, which is unusual in the context of food; indicating active prosocial behavior is present amongst primates other than cooperative breeders. INDEX WORDS: Prosocial behavior, Tool use, Cooperation, Altruism, Mutualism, Reciprocity, Nonhuman primate, Capuchin monkeys THE INVESTIGATION OF PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN A TOOL TASK BY CAPUCHIN MONKEYS (CEBUS APELLA)
Dirichlet and Neumann Eigenvalue Problems on Domains in Euclidean Spaces

Abstract We obtain here some inequalities for the eigenvalues of Dirichlet and Neumann value problems for general classes of operators (or system of operators) acting in L 2 ( Ω ) (or L 2 ( Ω , C m )), Ω ⊂ R d , d ⩾1.
The effect of number of Hamiltonian paths on the complexity of a vertex-coloring problem

A generalization of Dobkin and Lipton's element uniqueness problem is introduced: for any fixed undirected graph G on vertex set {v1, v2, . , vn}, the problem is to determine, given n real numbers x1, x2, . , xn, whether xi ≠ xj for every edge {vi, vj} in G. This problem is shown to have upper and lower bounds of Θ(nlogn) linear comparisons if G is any dense graph. The proof of the lower bound involves showing that any dense graph must contain a subgraph with many Hamiltonian paths, and demonstrating the relevance of these Hamiltonian paths to a geometric argument. In addition, we exhibit relatively sparse graphs for which the same lower bound holds, and relatively dense graphs for which a linear upper bound holds.
A new concept for a Single Incision Laparoscopic Manipulator System integrating intraoperative Laparoscopic Ultrasound

Minimally invasive surgery offers the benefits of reduced patient trauma, faster recovery and shorter hospital stay to the patients, what motivates its development towards further less invasive applications. In this work, we present a concept for adapting our 3D-printed overtube manipulator to single incision laparoscopic surgery. Furthermore, we describe the integration of a surgeon supporting ultrasound imaging into the manipulator system, which can be used to supply augmented reality features. With our concept, we aim to meet the demand for systems that enable enhanced tissue manipulation as well as the request for the supply of additional information for the surgeon regarding the inside of organs and tissue structures in order to improve the surgical outcome.
The Role of RamA on the Development of Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

Active efflux pump is a primary fluoroquinolone resistant mechanism of clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. RamA is an essential element in producing multidrug resistant (MDR) S.enterica serovar Typhimurium. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the roles of RamA on the development of ciprofloxacin, the first choice for the treatment of salmonellosis, resistance in S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. Spontaneous mutants were selected via several passages of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium CVCC541 susceptible strain (ST) on M-H agar with increasing concentrations of ciprofloxacin (CIP). Accumulation of ciprofloxacin was tested by the modified fluorometric method. The expression levels of MDR efflux pumps were determined by real time RT-PCR. In ST and its spontaneous mutants, the ramA gene was inactivated by insertion of the kan gene and compensated on a recombinant plasmid pGEXΦ(gst-ramA). The mutant prevention concentration (MPC) and mutant frequencies of ciprofloxacin against ST and a spontaneous mutant in the presence, absence and overexpression of RamA were tested. Four spontaneous mutants (SI1-SI4) were obtained. The SI1 (CIP MICs, 0.1 mg/L) without any target site mutation in its quinolone resistant determining regions (QRDRs) and SI3 (CIP MICs, 16 mg/L) harboring the Ser83→Phe mutation in its QRDR of GyrA strains exhibited reduced susceptibility and resistance to multidrugs, respectively. In SI1, RamA was the main factor that controlled the susceptibility to ciprofloxacin by activating MdtK as well as increasing the expression level of acrAB. In SI3, RamA played predominant role in ciprofloxacin resistance via increasing the expression level of acrAB. Likewise, the deficiency of RamA decreased the MPCs and mutant frequencies of ST and SI2 to ciprofloxacin. In conclusion, the expression of RamA promoted the development of ciprofloxacin resistant mutants of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. The inhibition of RamA could decrease the appearance of the ciprofloxacin resistant mutants.
The Influence of Organizational Culture and Organizational Justice on Group Cohesion as Perceived by Merger and Acquisition Employees

One of the knowledge gaps in relation to merger and acquisition (M and A) research is an analysis from the perspective of human resources, specifically the extent to which organizational culture and organization justice play a role in group cohesion of the employees. This research investigates the influence of organizational culture and organizational justice factors on group cohesion in selected M and A organizations in Malaysia. This study is driven by the Person-Environment (P-E) Fit Theory. A total of 219 respondents from the M and A organizations in the areas of Klang Valley were involved in this study in which they were identified through the cluster random sampling method. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). This study provides insights to the theory and practice of human resource management in organizations experiencing M and A.
PROPERTIES OF GALAXIES HOSTING X-RAY-SELECTED ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI IN THE CL1604 SUPERCLUSTER AT z = 0.9

Recent galaxy evolution models suggest that feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) may be responsible for suppressing star formation in their host galaxies and the subsequent migration of these systems onto the red sequence. To investigate the role of AGNs in driving the evolution of their hosts, we have carried out a study of the environments and optical properties of galaxies harboring X-ray luminous AGNs in the Cl1604 supercluster at z ∼ 0.9. Making use of Chandra, HST/ACS and Keck/DEIMOS observations, we examine the integrated colors, morphologies, and spectral properties of nine moderate-luminosity (LX ∼ 1043 erg s−1) type 2 Seyferts detected in the Cl1604 complex. We find that the AGNs are predominantly hosted by luminous spheroids and/or bulge-dominated galaxies which have colors that place them in the valley between the blue cloud and red sequence in color–magnitude space, consistent with predictions that AGN hosts should constitute a transition population. Half of the hosts have bluer overall colors as a result of blue resolved cores in otherwise red spheroids and a majority show signs of recent or pending interactions. We also find a substantial number exhibit strong Balmer absorption features indicative of post-starburst galaxies, despite the fact that we detect narrow [O ii] emission lines in all of the host spectra. If the [O ii] lines are due in part to AGN emission, as we suspect, then this result implies that a significant fraction of these galaxies (44%) have experienced an enhanced level of star formation within the last ∼1 Gyr which was rapidly suppressed. Furthermore we observe that the hosts galaxies tend to avoid the densest regions of the supercluster and are instead located in intermediate density environments, such as the infall region of a massive cluster or in poorer systems undergoing assembly. Overall we find that the properties of the nine host galaxies are generally consistent with a scenario in which recent interactions have triggered both increased levels of nuclear activity and an enhancement of centrally concentrated star formation, followed by a rapid truncation of the latter, possibly as a result of feedback from the AGN itself. Our finding that the hosts of moderate-luminosity AGNs within the Cl1604 supercluster are predominantly a transition population suggests that AGN feedback may play an important role in accelerating galaxy evolution in large-scale structures.
Combinatorial and algorithmic aspects of hyperbolic polynomials

Univariate polynomials with real roots appear quite often in modern combinatorics, especially in the context of integer polytopes. We discovered in this paper rather unexpected and very likely far-reaching connections between hyperbolic polynomials and many classical combinatorial and algorithmic problems. There are still several open problems. The most interesting is a hyperbolic generalization of the van der Waerden conjecture for permanents of doubly stochastic matrices.
Phonologisation of vowel duration and nasalised /æ/ in Australian English

An allophonic split in height between oral and nasalised /æ/ is an ongoing sound change in Australian English. Speakers participating in this change produce phonetically raised [æ̃] that overlaps the F1/F2 /e/ space, achieving [æ̃]/[ẽ] contrast through duration. We tested listeners’ sensitivity to this production change using forced-choice identification. Listeners responded to long and short synthetic /bVn/ and /bVd/ tokens constructed to simulate variation from /æ/ to /e/. Oral vowels were primarily identified according to F1 whereas listeners relied on length for nasalised vowels. This finding confirms the primacy of duration in cueing [æ̃]/[ẽ] contrast and indicates phonologisation of length.
Reductive Groups

These notes are a guide to algebraic groups, especially reductive groups, over a field. Proofs are usually omitted or only sketched. The only prerequisite is a basic knowledge of commutative algebra and the language of modern algebraic geometry. My goal in these notes is to write a modern successor to the review articles Springer 1979, 1994. Caution: These notes will be revised without warning (the numbering may change).