Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Offline bilingual word vectors, orthogonal transformations and the inverted softmax

Usually bilingual word vectors are trained "online". Mikolov et al. showed they can also be found "offline", whereby two pre-trained embeddings are aligned with a linear transformation, using dictionaries compiled from expert knowledge. In this work, we prove that the linear transformation between two spaces should be orthogonal. This transformation can be obtained using the singular value decomposition. We introduce a novel "inverted softmax" for identifying translation pairs, with which we improve the precision @1 of Mikolov's original mapping from 34% to 43%, when translating a test set composed of both common and rare English words into Italian. Orthogonal transformations are more robust to noise, enabling us to learn the transformation without expert bilingual signal by constructing a "pseudo-dictionary" from the identical character strings which appear in both languages, achieving 40% precision on the same test set. Finally, we extend our method to retrieve the true translations of English sentences from a corpus of 200k Italian sentences with a precision @1 of 68%.
The Role of Consciousness in Priming Effects on Categorization

Consciousness of a priming event at the time information about the event is retrieved from memory is argued to make a qualitative difference as to the consequences of the prime for subsequent social judgments. Two experiments are reported that provide evidence bearing on this hypothesis. Experiment 1 demonstrated that whether or not subjects can recall any of the priming stimuli presented in a first task dramatically influences which of two evaluatively dissimilar primed constructs they subsequently use in their categorizations of a target description. Subjects who could recall one or more primes showed contrast effects with regard to the more accessible construct, whereas subjects who could not recall any primes showed assimilation effects. Experiment 2 showed that interruption of the priming task resulted in assimilation effects for both the recall and the no-recall subjects. Together, these findings suggest that the function of consciousness of the priming events is to enable subjects to process subsequent information relevant to the primed constructs more flexibly. The results of both studies are discussed in terms of their relevance for theoretical distinctions between episodic and semantic memory and between automatic and controlled cognitive processing.
Repository for Business Processes and Arbitrary Associated Metadata

We have published a repository for storing business processes and associated metadata. The BPEL Repository is an Eclipse plug-in originally built for BPEL business processes and other related XML data. It provides a framework for storing, finding and using these documents. Other research prototypes can reuse these features and build on top of it. The repository can easily be extended with new types of XML documents. It provides a Java API for manipulating the XML files as Java objects hiding the serialization and de-serialization from a user. This has the advantage that the user can manipulate the data as more convenient Java objects, although the data is stored as XML files compliant with the standard XML schemas. The data can be queried as Java objects using an object-oriented query language, namely the Object Constraint Language (OCL). Moreover, the flexible design allows the OCL query engine to be replaced with another engine based on other query language.
Factors Influencing the Acceptance of Technology by Older People: How the elderly in Brazil feel about using electronics.

This article aims to analyze the acceptance of technology by the elderly as well as the variables that influence the acceptance and insertion of technological devices into everyday life. It is a transversal, qualitative, quantitative, and analytical study. The procedures of data collection included a socioeconomic questionnaire, an instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scale, an acceptance of technologies scale, and a questionnaire focusing on the factors that influence the use of technologies.
Benevolent Characteristics Promote Cooperative Behaviour among Humans

Cooperation is fundamental to the evolution of human society. We regularly observe cooperative behaviour in everyday life and in controlled experiments with anonymous people, even though standard economic models predict that they should deviate from the collective interest and act so as to maximise their own individual payoff. However, there is typically heterogeneity across subjects: some may cooperate, while others may not. Since individual factors promoting cooperation could be used by institutions to indirectly prime cooperation, this heterogeneity raises the important question of who these cooperators are. We have conducted a series of experiments to study whether benevolence, defined as a unilateral act of paying a cost to increase the welfare of someone else beyond one's own, is related to cooperation in a subsequent one-shot anonymous Prisoner's dilemma. Contrary to the predictions of the widely used inequity aversion models, we find that benevolence does exist and a large majority of people behave this way. We also find benevolence to be correlated with cooperative behaviour. Finally, we show a causal link between benevolence and cooperation: priming people to think positively about benevolent behaviour makes them significantly more cooperative than priming them to think malevolently. Thus benevolent people exist and cooperate more.
Student for student: Peer learning in music higher education

Students of piano and saxophone were asked to explore what peer learning meant to them. Following instrumental-based discussions, and with no intervention from faculty, the students developed a series of videos intended for use with incoming students. This article analyses the students’ discussions and videos, and describes the complexity of students learning from each other in informal peers contexts. Instrumental culture appears to impact on the forms and priorities for peer learning.
Reluctant rebels: A case study of Edmonton high school drop‐outs

Cet article donne un compte-rendu des attitudes et comportements de 162 eleves defectionnaires masculins et feminins d'Edmonton en Alberta. J'examine leurs propres descriptions des facteurs qui ont contribue a leur depart precoce du milieu scolaire, a leur attitude face a l'education et a leur experience du marche du travail. Les resultats suggerent que malgre que le processus par lequel un eleve devient defectionnaire est fonde sur des facteurs relies a l'education, la majorite des repondants demeurent ambigues face a leur decision de quitter l'ecole, ne se sont pas necessairement alienes du systeme scolaire et tiennent une croyance pragmatique quant au besoin d'obtenir des diplomes. Je discutte de ces resultats en considerant les initiatives recentes d'expliquer les structures de la resistance a l'education.
Preconceptions about institutionalisation at public nursing homes in Spain: views of residents and family members

ABSTRACT The aim of this article was to ascertain nursing home residents' preconceptions about institutionalisation and analyse the causes and circumstances of and the justification for their admission. Grounded theory was used to design and analyse a qualitative study based on in-depth interviews in a theoretical sampling of 20 persons aged over 65 years with no cognitive impairment, and eight proxy informants of residents with cognitive impairment, institutionalised at a public nursing home in Spain. Our analysis revealed that preconceptions about nursing homes differ between residents and relatives, and are strongly influenced by the views held by society about such centres and by previous experiences. Regarding the causes and circumstances underlying nursing home placement, while the principal cause of institutionalisation among residents with cognitive impairment was the ineffectiveness of informal care systems, in the case of residents without cognitive impairment reasons tended to revolve around two main themes: social causes (loneliness, not be a burden to the others, household-related, comfort and absence of relatives in the vicinity), and limitations in physical functioning, with the former predominating. This study shows society's perception of such centres and the circumstances surrounding admission. These points of view are useful for analysing why informal care systems prove inadequate, and are crucial for designing programmes targeted at acceptance and successful adaptation to institutionalisation when this becomes necessary.
The Productive Unease of 21st-century Digital Scholarship

Despite prevailingly progressive narratives surrounding the impact of digital technology on modern academic culture, the field of digital humanities is characterized at a deeper level by a more critical engagement with technology. This engagement, which I characterize as a kind of “productive unease”, is focused around issues of representation, medium, and structures of scholarly communication
Learning Temporal Statistics for Sensory Predictions in Aging

Predicting future events based on previous knowledge about the environment is critical for successful everyday interactions. Here, we ask which brain regions support our ability to predict the future based on implicit knowledge about the past in young and older age. Combining behavioral and fMRI measurements, we test whether training on structured temporal sequences improves the ability to predict upcoming sensory events; we then compare brain regions involved in learning predictive structures between young and older adults. Our behavioral results demonstrate that exposure to temporal sequences without feedback facilitates the ability of young and older adults to predict the orientation of an upcoming stimulus. Our fMRI results provide evidence for the involvement of corticostriatal regions in learning predictive structures in both young and older learners. In particular, we showed learning-dependent fMRI responses for structured sequences in frontoparietal regions and the striatum (putamen) for young adults. However, for older adults, learning-dependent activations were observed mainly in subcortical (putamen, thalamus) regions but were weaker in frontoparietal regions. Significant correlations of learning-dependent behavioral and fMRI changes in these regions suggest a strong link between brain activations and behavioral improvement rather than general overactivation. Thus, our findings suggest that predicting future events based on knowledge of temporal statistics engages brain regions involved in implicit learning in both young and older adults.
The New Gold Standard

Assessment of Malingered Neuropsychological Deficits. Glenn J. Larrabee (Ed.). 2007. New York: Oxford University Press, 540 pp., $69.50 (HB) Developments in the area of malingering detection parallel several of Thomas Kuhn's observations concerning the nonlinear trend of progress in the history of science (Kuhn, 1962). For example, the naive assumption that traditional neuropsychological assessment procedures would straightforwardly generalize to compensation-seeking populations characterized an earlier status quo, a period Kuhn referred to as normal science. The central fallacy of this assumption was the idea that litigants and other claimants did not, as a group, behave differently from those seen in strictly clinical settings. The untenable presumption that astute clinicians were generally capable of forming accurate judgments about the validity of effort on the basis of observation was another received belief that characterized this now archaic era of practice.
'I Am in Grade One and I Can Read!' The Readers' Workshop

This study analyzed the effects of the implementation of the readers’ workshop on students’ reading levels and comprehension skills in a first-grade, mixed-ability classroom in Lebanon. The instruments used at the beginning were running records and reading continuums, and at the end of the academic year, teachers’ professional notebooks and notes from the guided reading sessions and teacher-student conferences. The results showed that the readers’ workshop, when used as a differentiated reading approach, improved students’ reading levels and comprehension skills.
Hierarchical regulation of mRNA partitioning between the cytoplasm and the endoplasmic reticulum of mammalian cells

This study reveals that mRNAs are partitioned between the cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) compartments in a hierarchical manner and identifies a prominent role for the ER in global protein synthesis. Two modes of mRNA association with the ER are defined: ribosome dependent and ribosome independent.
Along for the Ride

Research on social capital in education rarely considers how the resources students can access through their friendships affect educational outcomes later in life. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we explore how having resource-rich best friends impacts adolescents’ college completion. We compare the influence of friends’ material and cultural resources and their effects relative to adolescents’ family resources. We find that having a best friend with a college-educated mother significantly increases the likelihood of college completion, though having a best friend whose parents are high income does not. This positive effect of best friends’ cultural resources is not explained fully by school achievement or by the expectations of respondents, best friends, or parents. We conclude that adolescent friendships are an underrecognized source of social capital.
Stereotypes about Chicanas and Chicanos

A review of the literature on stereotypes about Chicanas/os reveals that people of Mexican descent are perceived predominantly in derogatory terms, with the few positive terms primarily related to the centrality of the family for this ethnic community. This review also indicates that Chicanas/os themselves often endorse these stereotypes. However, the extant literature has not examined the counseling process in relation to consensual, social stereotypes of this ethnic group. This article serves to bridge that gap in the literature. Counselors are strongly encouraged to be cognizant of how stereotypes may affect Chicanas/os, especially in areas related to identity, risky behavior, stereotype threat, education, gender roles, and stigmatization. Counselors are encouraged to increase racial awareness as part of the mental health development of their Chicana/o clients. Counselors are particularly challenged to examine how their own conscious and unconscious stereotypes may affect the counselor-client relationship. Future research directions are also discussed.
Attitudes toward Violent Conflict Resolution among Male and Female Karateka in Comparison with Practitioners of other Sports

Most modern martial arts are based upon a philosophy of nonviolence. Whether practitioners of karate indeed have more negative attitudes toward violent conflict resolution than wresders and boxers, noncontact sportsmen, and controls practising no sports was investigated (N = 319; 214 men, 105 women; M age = 24.1 yr.). Within sex, male karateka held relatively negative attitudes toward violent conflict resolution, whereas the opposite was noted for female karateka.
The Death Penalty Through The Lenses Of Criminology/Criminal Justice Students And Non-CRCJ Students

This study examines the relationship between the level of knowledge and perception regarding capital punishment among criminology/criminal justice (CRCJ) students and non-CRCJ majors. The data were obtained from a sample of CRCJ and non-CRCJ majors enrolled at a major urban university in Texas in 2006. Measurement focuses on differences between the major groups on items of knowledge about the death penalty and a second grouping of items on perceptions and opinions of the death penalty. CRCJ majors were more knowledgeable regarding capital punishment than non-majors but there was little signifi cant difference between the two groups on the perception items. The most signifi cant fi ndings in the study related more to the race variable than to any other factor with majority and non-majority respondents having signifi cant differences on seven variables addressing perceptions of the death penalty.
Maternal Outcomes Associated with Caesarean versus Vaginal Delivery.

INTRODUCTION To choose the best mode of delivery (vaginal versus caesarean section) still remains a contentious issue. Caesarean section is a major abdominal surgery with its related medical, anesthetic and surgical complications. Maternal mortality and morbidity is higher in caesarean section compared with vaginal delivery. The most common causes of maternal mortality during caesarean section are due to anesthesia, bleeding and infection. AIM The aim of this study was to determine the mode of delivery and maternal outcomes in Sanandaj's hospital, Iran, during one year. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study population included all women who were admitted for delivery in Sanandaj's Hospital. Data collection instrument was a researcher made questionnaire. Data were entered into SPSS version 20.0 and analyzed using Chi-square test. Desired outcomes were entered into multiple logistic regression models. For estimating the parameters and increasing the level of significance we used bootstrap to generate 1000 samples. RESULTS During the study, a total of 5984 deliveries were conducted in Sanandaj Hospital, of which 3423 (57.20%) were vaginal (vaginal, vaginal + episiotomy, instrumental delivery) and 2561 (42.80%) were caesarean section. The results showed a statistically significant association between delivery mode and demographic variables such as age, occupation and level of education; whereas, no significant association was found between place of residence and parity. CONCLUSION The finding of this study showed that caesarean section delivery rate in Sanandaj was 42.80% in 2012-2013 which is higher than caesarean section rate recommended by WHO. Also, there was a relationship between mode of delivery and maternal outcomes.
Culture Moderates the Pliability of Ambivalent Attitudes

Ambivalent attitudes are comprised of conflicting components. In response to this evaluative conflict, North Americans are more likely to change high ambivalent attitudes than low ambivalent attitudes. However, East Asians exhibit greater tolerance for inconsistencies than do North Americans. Hence, we hypothesized that culture would interact with ambivalence in influencing the degree of attitude change in response to a persuasive attempt. Results indicated that culture significantly moderated the relationship between ambivalence and attitude pliability, such that ambivalence and the degree of attitude change were positively associated for European Canadians but not for East Asian Canadians. These results add to the extant literature on attitudinal ambivalence, demonstrating cultural variability in the pliability of ambivalent attitudes.
Preemptive Screening Strategies to Identify Postnatal CMV Diseases on the Neonatal Unit

BACKGROUNDCytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common congenital infection.1 Congenital CMV (cCMV) is diagnosed if the virus is isolated in the first 3 weeks of life. It is challenging to differentiate between congenital and postnatal infection (pCMV) if the virus is detected after this time point. Ret
Teaching ERP in logistics curriculum: a case experience from Sweden

The use of ERP systems in business is commonplace and often a requirement for rapid and efficient operations. The presence of ERP in higher education can be seen as a prerequisite for students to achieve necessary skills and knowledge, but how can the education be achieved in a better way? In this research, the use of ERP systems as a part of two courses of the logistics curriculum in higher education at a Swedish University are presented and analysed. The traditional approach of teaching logistics, where computer sessions are incorporated in ordinary courses, is being compared to a new intensive and flexible course format dedicated entirely to ERP education with a stronger focus on problem-oriented learning. The results show that both approaches offer opportunities, the traditional approach allows students to receive both theoretical and practical knowledge and skills, while the intensive approach provides them with significant practical knowledge and skills. This research results leaves us arguing that the best combination is to utilise both approaches to establish the needed basis for logistics curriculum.
Effect of consumer demographic factors on purchasing herbal products online in Malaysia

The availability of broadband internet and increased access to computers has been instrumental in the rise of internet literacy in Malaysia. This development has led to the adoption of online shopping by many Malaysians. On another note, the Government has supported the development and production of local herbal products. This has resulted in an increase in the production and diversity of products by SMEs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of the Malaysian demographic factors and selected attitudinal characteristics in relation to the online purchasing of herbal products. In total, 1054 internet users were interviewed online and Chi-square analysis was used to determine the relationship between demographic variables and different aspects of online shopping for herbal products. The overall results show that the demographic variables such as age, gender, education level, income and ethnicity were significant when considering the online shopping antecedents of trust, quality of herbal products, perceived risks and perceived benefits.
Conformational studies on poly‐L‐tryptophan: Circular dichroism and X‐ray diffraction studies

Circular dichroism (CD) measurements were carried out on various copolymers of L‐tryptophan and γ‐ethyl L‐glutamate in ethylene glycol monomethyl ether as the solvent. On increasing the L‐tryptophan content of the copolymers a gradual change in the CD spectra was observed. The typical spectrum of the right‐handedα‐helix becomes more and more evident as the L‐tryptophan content decreases. On the basis of these results we assumed that no conformational transition occurs on proceeding from pure poly (γ‐ethyl L‐glutamate) to pure poly‐L‐tryptophan in ethylene glycol monomethyl ether: therefore the conformation of poly‐L‐tryptophan should be that of a right‐handed α‐helix. Moreover we observed that the change in the CD spectra of the copolymers is gradual but not linear on increasing the tryptophan content. The deviations from linearity were attributed to interactions among side‐chain chromophores whose contributions to the optical activity are not simply additive. An x‐ray analysis carried out on oriented films of poly‐L‐tryptophan casted from solutions of the polymer in dimethylformamide shows conclusively that the solid‐state conformation of the polymer is that, of an α‐helix.