Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tahap Kefahaman Kemahiran Komunikasi Dan Mengeksperimen Dalam Kalangan Pelajar Tahun Dua Pendidikan Fizik

Tahap kefahaman pelajar dalam Kemahiran Proses Sains telah menjadi minat banyak penyelidik. Dalam konteks kajian ini, tahap kefahaman kemahiran komunikasi dan mengeksperimen sebelum dan selepas mengikuti kursus Pendidikan Amali Fizik I dikaji. Seramai 41 orang pelajar yang terdiri daripada 12 lelaki dan 29 perempuan yang merupakan pelajar tahun dua Pendidikan Fizik di Univesiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai terlibat dalam kajian ini. Pembolehubah bersandar dalam kajian ini ialah tahap kefahaman pelajar. Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan ialah pengkhususan Fizik dan tahun pengajian. Jantina dan program pengajian pula merupakan pembolehubah bebas. Ujian Pencapaian Tahap Kefahaman Kemahiran Komunikasi dan Mengeksperimen yang mengandungi 40 item berbentuk aneka pilihan adalah alat kajian yang digunakan dengan kebolehpercayaan, α = . 93. Soalan Jawapan-terbuka Tahap Kefahaman Kemahiran Komunikasi dan Mengeksperimen juga digunakan sebagai maklumat tambahan bagi dapatan kajian. Statistik analisis deskriptif dalam bentuk min dan sisihan lazim digunakan untuk mengukur tahap kefahaman pelajar. Secara keseluruhannya, tidak terdapat perbezaan tahap kefahaman pelajar sebelum dan selepas menjalani kursus dengan masing-masing adalah baik. Terdapat perbezaan tahap kefahaman merentas jantina sebelum mengikuti kursus dengan masing-masing adalah sederhana bagi lelaki dan baik bagi perempuan, sementara tahap kefahaman kedua-dua jantina selepas mengikuti kursus adalah baik. Tidak terdapat perbezaan tahap kefahaman merentas program pengajian sebelum dan selepas mengikuti kursus. Pelajar kedua-dua program pengajian masing-masing menunjukkan tahap kefahaman yang baik. Secara keseluruhannya, tahap kefahaman kemahiran komunikasi dan mengeksperimen pelajar adalah sama sebelum dan selepas menjalani kursus Pendidikan Amali Fizik I. Kesimpulannya, kursus Pendidikan Amali Fizik I kurang membantu dalam meningkatkan tahap kefahaman pelajar terhadap Kemahiran Proses Sains. Justeru, usaha-usaha untuk meningkatkan tahap kefahaman pelajar perlu dilaksanakan bagi melahirkan individu yang cemerlang dan berkualiti dalam bidang sains dan teknologi.
Towards Situational Awareness of Large-Scale Botnet Probing Events

Botnets dominate today's attack landscape. In this work, we investigate ways to analyze collections of malicious probing traffic in order to understand the significance of large-scale “botnet probes. ” In such events, an entire collection of remote hosts together probes the address space monitored by a sensor in some sort of coordinated fashion. Our goal is to develop methodologies by which sites receiving such probes can infer-using purely local observation-information about the probing activity: What scanning strategies does the probing employ? Is this an attack that specifically targets the site, or is the site only incidentally probed as part of a larger, indiscriminant attack? Our analysis draws upon extensive honeynet data to explore the prevalence of different types of scanning, including properties, such as trend, uniformity, coordination, and darknet avoidance. In addition, we design schemes to extrapolate the global properties of scanning events (e.g., total population and target scope) as inferred from the limited local view of a honeynet. Cross-validating with data from DShield shows that our inferences exhibit promising accuracy.
Object localization and border detection criteria design in edge-based image segmentation: automated learning from examples

This paper provides methodology for fully automated model-based image segmentation. All information necessary to perform image segmentation is automatically derived from a training set that is presented in a form of segmentation examples. The training set is used to construct two models representing the objects-shape model and border appearance model. A two-step approach to image segmentation is reported. In the first step, an approximate location of the object of interest is determined. In the second step, accurate border segmentation is performed. The shape-variant Hough transform method was developed that provides robust object localization automatically. It finds objects of arbitrary shape, rotation, or scaling and can handle object variability. The border appearance model was developed to automatically design cost functions that can be used in the segmentation criteria of edge-based segmentation methods. The authors' method was tested in five different segmentation tasks that included 489 objects to be segmented. The final segmentation was compared to manually defined borders with good results [rms errors in pixels: 1.2 (cerebellum), 1.1 (corpus callosum), 1.5 (vertebrae), 1.4 (epicardial), and 1.6 (endocardial) borders]. Two major problems of the state-of-the-art edge-based image segmentation algorithms were addressed: strong dependency on a close-to-target initialization, and necessity for manual redesign of segmentation criteria whenever new segmentation problem is encountered.
Design and Evaluation

INTRODUCTION The Team Performance Task (TPT) presented within this chapter operationalizes teamwork processes that relate to both team performance and group cohesion (LePine, Piccolo, Jackson, Mathieu, & Saul, 2008). Its conceptualization is consistent with a classic definition of a computer ABSTRACT This chapter describes a Team Performance Task (TPT) that has been designed to assess the status of a three-person team operating a game-like multiplayer task requiring inter-player cooperation to achieve optimal performance effectiveness. The objective of the TPT is to extract features of an operational setting that may be integrated into a task scenario that will yield multi-dimensional indices of both individual and team performances that are sensitive to alterations in the workload parameters and to the skill level and cohesion of the players. The design of a prototype task is described in detail, and evaluative results based on observations of five groups of three players are presented to show the individual and team metrics of performance effectiveness that are made available with this task. Future applications of the TPT are suggested, to include its potential to diagnose and support the cohesiveness and operational readiness of teams operating within space-based and other challenging environments. A Multiplayer Team Performance Task game (Crawford, 1982): " A [computer] game is a closed formal system that subjectively represents a subset of reality. " The task to be described shows how such a conceptualization and formal definition were applied to capture significant aspects of the operational status of a team. The task is deployed on the Internet, but its design intentionally did not require consideration of usability problems typically found in multiplayer features associated with network computer games (Pinelle, Wong, Stach, & Gutwin, 2009). The present work is directed primarily to assessing the status of space-dwelling crews in response to NASA's continuing emphasis on the development of tools to monitor crewmem-ber and crew-ground interactions 1 , although the design and validation of a task that can diagnose the status of a team could have wide applicability in both basic research and applied settings.
The role of macrophages in the generation of T-helper cells. II. The genetic control of the macrophage-T-cell interaction for helper cell induction with soluble antigens

Helper cell induction to nonparticle antigens in vitro requires the cooperation of T cells and macrophages, but does not occur if the macrophages are allogenic. The reasons for this were investigated. Malfunction of allogenic macrophages was excluded by cultures with their syngenic T cells; suppressor cell induction was excluded by admixture experiments. Thus, T cells and macrophages only cooperated if they were genetically similar. The genetic locus (loci) involved was mapped. Using congenic lines differing only at the H-2 complex, the genetic control of T-macrophage interaction was localized in the H- 2 region. Mice with intra H-2 recombinants were used to map the T- macrophage interaction locus in the I-A region of the H-2 complex (formerly known as poly-D, L-ala-poly-L-lys. Recombinants were also used to exclude the presence of another T-macrophage locus either the K, I-B, or I-C, SS-Slp, or D regions of the H-2 complex. Genetic restrictions for T-macrophage interaction in helper cell induction was shown in mice of the H-2-k, d, b, q, s genotypes as well as in H-2 recombinants. The possible mechanisms and significance of this genetic restriction are discussed.
Quitting cigarettes completely or switching to smokeless tobacco: do US data replicate the Swedish results?

Background: Swedish male smokers are more likely than female smokers to switch to smokeless tobacco (snus) and males’ smoking cessation rate is higher than that of females. These results have fuelled international debate over promoting smokeless tobacco for harm reduction. This study examines whether similar results emerge in the United States, one of few other western countries where smokeless tobacco has long been widely available. Methods: US data source: national sample in Tobacco Use Supplement to Current Population Survey, 2002, with 1-year follow-up in 2003. Analyses included adult self-respondents in this longitudinal sample (n = 15 056). Population-weighted rates of quitting smoking and switching to smokeless tobacco were computed for the 1-year period. Results: Among US men, few current smokers switched to smokeless tobacco (0.3% in 12 months). Few former smokers turned to smokeless tobacco (1.7%). Switching between cigarettes and smokeless tobacco, infrequent among current tobacco users (<4%), was more often from smokeless to smoking. Men quit smokeless tobacco at three times the rate of quitting cigarettes (38.8% vs 11.6%, p<0.001). Overall, US men have no advantage over women in quitting smoking (11.7% vs 12.4%, p = 0.65), even though men are far likelier to use smokeless tobacco. Conclusion: The Swedish results are not replicated in the United States. Both male and female US smokers appear to have higher quit rates for smoking than have their Swedish counterparts, despite greater use of smokeless tobacco in Sweden. Promoting smokeless tobacco for harm reduction in countries with ongoing tobacco control programmes may not result in any positive population effect on smoking cessation.
An Experimental Approach to the Impress Method of Teaching Reading.

s should be sent no later than April 15, 1978, to: Sherry Carlson, Northwestern Michigan College, Conference Development, 1701 East Front Street, Traverse City, Michigan 49684. 626 The Reading Teacher March 1978 This content downloaded from 207.46. 13.12 on Thu, 12 May 2016 06:35:48 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms
Max-Min Fair Link Quality in WSN Based on SINR

This paper addresses first the problem of max-min fair (MMF) link transmissions in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and in a second stage studies the joint link scheduling and transmission power assignment problem. Given a set of concurrently transmitting links, the MMF link transmission problem looks for transmission powers of nodes such that the signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR) values of active links satisfy max-min fairness property. By guaranteeing a “fair” transmission medium (in terms of SINR), other network requirements may be directly affected, such as the schedule length, the throughput (number of concurrent links in a time slot), and energy savings. Hence, the whole problem seeks to find a feasible schedule and a power assignment scheme such that the schedule length is minimized and the concurrent transmissions have a fair quality in terms of SINR. The focus of this study falls on the transmission power control strategy, which ensures that every node that is transmitting in the network chooses a transmission power that will minimally affect the other concurrent transmissions and, even more, achieves MMF SINR values of concurrent link transmissions. We show that this strategy may have an impact on reducing the network time schedule.
The endogenous peptide antisecretory factor promotes tonic GABAergic signaling in CA1 stratum radiatum interneurons

Tonic GABAergic inhibition regulates neuronal excitability and has been implicated to be involved in both neurological and psychiatric diseases. We have previously shown that the endogenous peptide antisecretory factor (AF) decreases phasic GABAergic inhibition onto pyramidal CA1 neurons. In the present study, using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, we investigated the mechanisms behind this disinhibition of CA1 pyramidal neurons by AF. We found that application of AF to acute rat hippocampal slices resulted in a reduction of the frequency, but not of the amplitude, of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs), recorded in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX), were however not affected by AF, neither in CA1 pyramidal cells, nor in stratum radiatum interneurons. Instead, AF caused an increase of the tonic GABAA current in stratum radiatum interneurons, leaving the tonic GABAergic transmission in CA1 pyramidal cells unaffected. These results show that the endogenous peptide AF enhances tonic, but not phasic, GABAergic signaling in CA1 stratum radiatum interneurons, without affecting tonic GABAergic signaling in CA1 pyramidal neurons. We suggest that this increased tonic GABAergic signaling in GABAergic interneurons could be a mechanism for the AF-mediated disinhibition of pyramidal neurons.
Neural systems predicting long-term outcome in dyslexia

Individuals with developmental dyslexia vary in their ability to improve reading skills, but the brain basis for improvement remains largely unknown. We performed a prospective, longitudinal study over 2.5 y in children with dyslexia (n = 25) or without dyslexia (n = 20) to discover whether initial behavioral or brain measures, including functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), can predict future long-term reading gains in dyslexia. No behavioral measure, including widely used and standardized reading and language tests, reliably predicted future reading gains in dyslexia. Greater right prefrontal activation during a reading task that demanded phonological awareness and right superior longitudinal fasciculus (including arcuate fasciculus) white-matter organization significantly predicted future reading gains in dyslexia. Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) of these two brain measures, using linear support vector machine (SVM) and cross-validation, predicted significantly above chance (72% accuracy) which particular child would or would not improve reading skills (behavioral measures were at chance). MVPA of whole-brain activation pattern during phonological processing predicted which children with dyslexia would improve reading skills 2.5 y later with >90% accuracy. These findings identify right prefrontal brain mechanisms that may be critical for reading improvement in dyslexia and that may differ from typical reading development. Brain measures that predict future behavioral outcomes (neuroprognosis) may be more accurate, in some cases, than available behavioral measures.
Effluent‐dominated streams. Part 1: Presence and effects of excess nitrogen and phosphorus in Wascana Creek, Saskatchewan, Canada

Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada (population 190,400) treats its sewage at a modern sewage treatment plant (STP) on Wascana Creek. In the winter, treated sewage effluent makes up almost 100% of stream flow. Four surveys conducted from 2005 to 2007, in differing seasons, indicated significantly higher nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations at sites downstream of the STP compared to an upstream control site. Downstream, Wascana Creek is N hypersaturated (total dissolved N >3 mg/L) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) makes up a greater percentage of total P (TP). Diminished nutrient retention capacities for both N and P are directly attributable to STP effluent. Creek SRP concentrations are less than estimates of equilibrium P concentrations (EPCo), indicating that creek sediments may be a source of P, further exacerbating hypereutrophic ambient SRP concentrations. As well, NO2 + NO3‐N concentrations far surpass World Health Organization limits for drinking water (10 mg/L) and sensitive taxa, while NH3‐N, NH4‐N, and NO2 + NO3‐N exceed Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for Protection of Aquatic Life and those for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. High NH4‐N concentrations may be responsible for depressions not only in algal biomass and production observed downstream but reductions in primary to bacterial production ratios (PP:BP). In spring and fall, these reductions push PP:BP from net autotrophy to heterotrophy. The Wascana Creek study highlights the considerable problems associated with excess nutrients in effluent‐dominated ecosystems (EDS). It also underlines the need for better controls on NH4‐N additions from STPs in such EDS, especially in a day and age when freshwater supplies are dwindling and negative effects of climate change are expected. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:496–507. © 2010 SETAC
Sphingosine‐1‐Phosphate Receptor 1 Regulates Cardiac Function by Modulating Ca2+ Sensitivity and Na+/H+ Exchange and Mediates Protection by Ischemic Preconditioning

Background Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate plays vital roles in cardiomyocyte physiology, myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury, and ischemic preconditioning. The function of the cardiomyocyte sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) in vivo is unknown. Methods and Results Cardiomyocyte‐restricted deletion of S1P1 in mice (S1P1 α MHCC re) resulted in progressive cardiomyopathy, compromised response to dobutamine, and premature death. Isolated cardiomyocytes from S1P1 α MHCC re mice revealed reduced diastolic and systolic Ca2+ concentrations that were secondary to reduced intracellular Na+ and caused by suppressed activity of the sarcolemmal Na+/H+ exchanger NHE‐1 in the absence of S1P1. This scenario was successfully reproduced in wild‐type cardiomyocytes by pharmacological inhibition of S1P1 or sphingosine kinases. Furthermore, Sarcomere shortening of S1P1 α MHCC re cardiomyocytes was intact, but sarcomere relaxation was attenuated and Ca2+ sensitivity increased, respectively. This went along with reduced phosphorylation of regulatory myofilament proteins such as myosin light chain 2, myosin‐binding protein C, and troponin I. In addition, S1P1 mediated the inhibitory effect of exogenous sphingosine‐1‐phosphate on β‐adrenergic–induced cardiomyocyte contractility by inhibiting the adenylate cyclase. Furthermore, ischemic precondtioning was abolished in S1P1 α MHCC re mice and was accompanied by defective Akt activation during preconditioning. Conclusions Tonic S1P1 signaling by endogenous sphingosine‐1‐phosphate contributes to intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis by maintaining basal NHE‐1 activity and controls simultaneously myofibril Ca2+ sensitivity through its inhibitory effect on adenylate cyclase. Cardioprotection by ischemic precondtioning depends on intact S1P1 signaling. These key findings on S1P1 functions in cardiac physiology may offer novel therapeutic approaches to cardiac diseases.
Using More Data to Speed-up Training Time

In many recent applications, data is plentiful. By now, we have a rather clear understanding of how more data can be used to improve the accuracy of learning algorithms. Recently, there has been a growing interest in understanding how more data can be leveraged to reduce the required training runtime. In this paper, we study the runtime of learning as a function of the number of available training examples, and underscore the main high-level techniques. We provide some initial positive results showing that the runtime can decrease exponentially while only requiring a polynomial growth of the number of examples, and spell-out several interesting open problems.
Theoretical estimation of power consumption in binary adders

This paper presents a novel approach for theoretical estimation of power consumption in digital binary adders. Closed-form expressions for power consumption of four different types of binary adders-the ripple-carry adder, the Manchester adder, a multiplexor-based carry-select adder and an efficient tree-based look-ahead adder-are derived in terms of word-length and pre-computed technology-specific energy parameters. These expressions are verified to be accurate to within 1-5% by simulation using the HEAT tool.
A 132.6-GHz Phase-Locked Loop in 65 nm Digital CMOS

A phase-locked loop (PLL) with the proposed voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and a divide-by-2 injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) is fabricated in 65-nm digital CMOS technology. The proposed VCO and the divide-by-two ILFD operate at the higher and lower poles, respectively, of two fourth-order LC ladders. The frequency ratio between the VCO and its first divide-by-2 ILFD is kept by scaling the inductances and the capacitances. The design considerations of this VCO and the locking range of this ILFD are discussed. The measured locking range of this PLL is 132.1-132.6 GHz. It consumes 120.8 mW from 1.35-V supply, excluding the output buffers. The chip area is 0.96 × 0.92 mm2.
IN THEIR OWN WORDS: EXPLORING THE UNSEEN WOUNDS OF AN OIF/OEF VETERAN & A CIVILIAN WITH TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

In the past, when thinking of injured soldiers returning home from war, pictures of individuals in wheelchairs with amputations might come to mind. It was hard to ignore those visible injuries. Soldiers returning home from Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) in Afghanistan can have unseen wounds, some in the form of Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI). In the past individuals with TBI died of their injuries. Currently, advances in technology has drastically change our image of what an injured individual with TBI looks like, whether veterans or civilians. Unseen wounds such as TBIs pose a new set of challenges for an injured individual’s reintegration into society. Objective: The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the experiences and needs of an OIF/OEF veteran and a civilian with TBI from their perspective. Method: A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured intensive interviews with two participants (one civilian and one veteran) who suffered a traumatic brain injury. The interview information is presented in case study format that allowed for in-depth exploration of each participant’s experience. Findings: Some of the core themes that emerged from the interviews included isolation, depression, somatic complaints, selfmedication, and inability to return to work. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the road to recovery after a TBI contains challenges on a personal, familial, and community level. Implications for social work education, practice, policy, and future research are also addressed. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Social Work (DSW) First Advisor Richard J. Gelles, Ph.D Second Advisor Ram A. Cnaan, MSW, Ph.D Third Advisor Drew Nagele, Psy.D