Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stepwise assembly of the human replicative polymerase holoenzyme

In most organisms, clamp loaders catalyze both the loading of sliding clamps onto DNA and their removal. How these opposing activities are regulated during assembly of the DNA polymerase holoenzyme remains unknown. By utilizing FRET to monitor protein-DNA interactions, we examined assembly of the human holoenzyme. The results indicate that assembly proceeds in a stepwise manner. The clamp loader (RFC) loads a sliding clamp (PCNA) onto a primer/template junction but remains transiently bound to the DNA. Unable to slide away, PCNA re-engages with RFC and is unloaded. In the presence of polymerase (polδ), loaded PCNA is captured from DNA-bound RFC which subsequently dissociates, leaving behind the holoenzyme. These studies suggest that the unloading activity of RFC maximizes the utilization of PCNA by inhibiting the build-up of free PCNA on DNA in the absence of polymerase and recycling limited PCNA to keep up with ongoing replication. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.00278. 001
Association Between CHRNA3 and CHRNA5 Nicotine Receptor Subunit Gene Variants and Nicotine Dependence in an Isolated Populationof Kashubians in Poland

Background Genome-wide and allelic association studies have shown the contribution of CHRNA5-A3-B4 nicotinic receptor subunit gene cluster within chromosome 15 to nicotine dependence (ND). While an association between several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at that locus and smoking quantity (cigarettes per day; CPD) has been well recognized, there are some inconsistencies in demonstrating the influence of these SNPs on other ND phenotypes. This uncertainty motivated us to examine the association of 3 selected SNPs (CHRNA3 rs1051730, rs6495308, and CHRNA5 rs55853898) with ND in an isolated population of Kashubians from Poland. Material/Methods The study sample consisted of 788 current daily smokers. ND was assessed by CPD, the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), its brief version - Heavy Smoking Index (HSI), and time to first cigarette after waking (TTF). The correlation between studied SNPs and dichotomized values of ND measures was assessed in the regression analysis. Bonferroni corrected p-value of 0.017 was set for a type 1 error. Results We found a robust association between risk allele A of rs1051730 and CPD >10 (odds ratio (OR)=1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20–2.59, p=0.004), and a weak association, which did not survive correction for multiple testing, with FTND ≥4. No associations between studied SNPs and HSI or TTF were demonstrated. Conclusions Our findings confirm that rs1051730 influences ND phenotype, as defined by CPD.
Fsbs Resonances Observed in a Standard Highly Nonlinear Fiber References and Links

Forward stimulated Brillouin scattering (FSBS) is observed in a standard 2-km-long highly nonlinear fiber. The frequency of FSBS arising from multiple radially guided acoustic resonances is observed up to gigahertz frequencies. The tight confinement of the light and acoustic field enhances the interaction and results in a large gain coefficient of 34.7 W −1 at a frequency of 933.8 MHz. We also find that the profile on the anti-Stokes side of the pump beam have lineshapes that are asymmetric, which we show is due to the interference between FSBS and the optical Kerr effect. The measured FSBS resonance linewidths are found to increase linearly with the acoustic frequency. Based on this scaling, we conclude that dominant contribution to the linewidth is from surface damping due to the fiber jacket and structural nonuniformities along the fiber. " Competition between the modulation instability and stimulated Brillouin scattering in a broadband slow light device, " J. light scattering from acoustic phonons in photonic crystal fiber, " Opt. Tightly trapped acoustic phonons in photonic crystal fibres as highly nonlinear artificial Raman oscillators, " Nat. All-optical control of gigahertz acoustic resonances by forward stimulated interpolarization scattering in a photonic crystal fiber, " Phys. Slow and fast light in optical fibers using acoustooptic coupling between two co-propagating modes, " Opt. Optical excitation and characterization of gigahertz acoustic resonances in optical fiber tapers, " Appl. Guided acoustic wave Brillouin scattering in photonic crystal fibers, " Opt. Experimental observation of forward stimulated Brillouin scattering in dual-mode single core fiber, " Electron. Degradation of modulation and noise characteristics of semiconductor lasers after propagation in optical fiber due to a phase shift induced by stimulated Brillouin scattering, " IEEE J. gain spectrum characterization in single-mode optical fibers, " J. Theoretical evaluation of the Brillouin threshold and the steady-state Brillouin equations in standard single-mode optical fibers, " J. " Bandwidth and mode intensities of guided acoustic-wave Brillouin scattering in optical fibers, " J. Time-resolved investigations of stimulated Brillouin scattering in transparent and absorbing media determination of phonon lifetimes, " Phys. Visualization of plane-strain vibration modes of a long cylinder capable of producing sound radiation, " J.
egree-day accumulation influences annual variability in growth of ge-0 walleye hristopher

The growth of age-0 fishes influences survival, especially in temperate regions where size-dependent over-winter mortality can be substantial. Additional benefits of earlier maturation and greater fecundity may exist for faster growing individuals. This study correlated prey densities, growing-degree days, water-surface elevation, turbidity, and chlorophyll a with age-0 walleye Sander vitreus growth in a southcentral Nebraska irrigation reservoir. Growth of age-0 walleye was variable between 2003 and 2011, with mean lengths ranging from 128 to 231 mm by fall (September 30th–October 15th). A set of a priori candidate models were used to assess the relative support of explanatory variables using Akaike’s information
Silent Voices: Public Opinion and Political Participation in America

FIGURES ix TABLES xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii INTRODUCTION Representation, Public Opinion, and the Voice of the People 1 ONE Opinion Polling and the Silencing of Political Voice 14 TWO The Search for the Voice of the People: Considering the Unspoken 36 THREE The Dynamics of Racial Policy Opinion, 1972-1994 51 FOUR Social Welfare Policy and Public Opinion, 1972-1996 84 FIVE The Changing Context of Public Opinion Concerning the Vietnam War, 1964-1972 105 CONCLUSION Public Opinion and Political Voice 127 APPENDIX TO CHAPTER 3 145 APPENDIX TO CHAPTER 4 169 APPENDIX TO CHAPTER 5 176 REFERNECES 185 INDEX 195
What Kind of Landing for the Chinese Economy?

Rarely has the outlook for the Chinese economy been so contested. Th e fi nancial press widely quotes three alternative perspectives on the short- and medium-term outlook. One school argues that the Chinese government's recent eff orts to rein in overly rapid growth are working and that the economy is now on a glide path to what is referred to as a soft landing. While "soft landing" is usually not fully defi ned, its chief feature in this case is that Chinese economic growth slows modestly from its current pace of 9 to 10 percent to around 8 percent and that the rate of job creation does not slow enough to constitute a major political challenge for the regime. At the other end of the spectrum is the hard landing school, which argues that the authorities to date have not tightened suffi ciently, that loan and investment growth remain excessive, and that the authorities soon will be forced to take more drastic action that will trigger a sharp correction. Finally, the no landing school argues that China's eff orts to slow growth modestly are misguided since the economy was not overheating in 2003 and early 2004. In this view, China is in the early stages of a secular boom that has several additional years to run.
The Need for Specialized Programs for LGBT Individuals in Substance Abuse Treatment

Specialized substance abuse treatment programs for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals are limited. Specialized treatment programs offer unique and tailored services to 'special populations' in order to provide effective treatment. The services offered in these programs are proven to be especially helpful and effective for LGBT individuals. Many researchers have suggested that LGBT-Specific substance abuse programs have better treatment outcomes for LGBT individuals than mainstream treatment programs. LGBT individuals have been said to have much higher rates of substance abuse than their heterosexual counterparts. They also face discrimination, prejudice, negative attitudes and behavior, and unique life experiences that differ from the majority populous which lead to their unique needs in substance abuse treatment.
Effects of affective valence on a mixed Spatial Correspondence Task: a reply to Proctor (2013)

present study investigated the influence of emotional valence on the spatial stimulus-key location correspondence effect in three experiments using the Affective Spatial Correspondence task (AffSCt). We initially reanalyzed the results of Conde et al. (2011) according to the model proposed by Proctor (2013). In that study, compatible and incompatible responses were chosen according to the participants' team preference. In one block, the volunteers had to press a key on the same side for the Favorite team and on the opposite side for the Rival team. In another block, a reverse code was used. We found that responses were faster for the Favorite-compatible/Rival-incompatible condition (614 ms) compared with the Favorite-incompatible/ Rival-compatible condition (691 ms). The same experimental arrangement was replicated in another Brazilian city, and similar results were found. Additionally, we employed non-affective "fake" soccer teams as a control condition, and no mapping- rule effect was observed. Finally, a final experiment that used the same design but different non-affective stimuli (yellow and blue bars) was performed to provide further evidence that the valence effect in the present experimental paradigm only occurs with affective stimuli. As expected, non-affective stimuli did not produce an overall advantage for any mapping rules, corroborating earlier findings with similar mixed designs. The results confirmed the previous findings and validity of the AffSCt as a methodology to investigate the effects of emotional valence on stimulus-response correspondence. However, we are unable to provide a conclusive explanation to support the several hypotheses proposed previously in our paper and by Proctor (2013).
Time series analysis for bug number prediction

Monitoring and predicting the increasing or decreasing trend of bug number in a software system is of great importance to both software project managers and software end-users. For software managers, accurate prediction of bug number of a software system will assist them in making timely decisions, such as effort investment and resource allocation. For software end-users, knowing possible bug number of their systems will enable them to take timely actions in coping with loss caused by possible system failures. To accomplish this goal, in this paper, we model the bug number data per month as time series and, use time series analysis algorithms as ARIMA and X12 enhanced ARIMA to predict bug number, in comparison with polynomial regression as the baseline. X12 is the widely used seasonal adjustment algorithm proposed by U.S. Census. The case study based on Debian bug data from March 1996 to August 2009 shows that X12 enhanced ARIMA can achieve the best performance in bug number prediction. Moreover, both ARIMA and X12 enhanced ARIMA outperform the baseline as polynomial regression.
Correlation of clinical, cytological and histological findings in oral squamous cell carcinomas

The present study aimed to investigate the efficiency of exfoliative cytology by correlating the clinical lesions of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with exfoliative cytology and histopathological findings. Cases of OSCC diagnosed between 1984 and 2010 were analyzed. The inclusion criteria for the present study were the availability of detailed clinical findings and a diagnosis of the disease through exfoliative cytology and histopathology. The cases were assessed and assigned scores, which were then submitted to modal expression analysis, which considers the higher frequency scores, thus relating the variables. The cytological findings demonstrated that the majority of the cases had malignant potential. Exfoliative cytology should be used as a supplementary tool for the diagnosis of OSCC, as it enables the early detection of these lesions. However, cytology should not be used as a substitute for histopathological examination.
Prognostic Relevance of Pretherapeutic Gamma-Glutamyltransferase in Patients with Primary Metastatic Breast Cancer

Background Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a known marker for apoptotic balance and cell detoxification. Recently, an association of baseline GGT levels and breast cancer incidence, tumor progression and chemotherapy resistance was shown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of pre-therapeutic GGT levels, clinical-pathological parameters and survival in patients with primary metastatic breast cancer (PMBC). Methods In this multicenter analysis, pre-therapeutic GGT levels and clinical-pathological parameters of 114 patients diagnosed with PMBC between 1996 and 2012 were evaluated. The association between GGT levels and clinical-pathological parameters were analysed. Patients were stratified into four GGT risk-groups (GGT < 18.00 U/L: normal low, 18.00 to 35.99 U/L: normal high, 36.00 to 71.99 U/L: elevated and ≥ 72.00 U/L: highly elevated) and survival analyses were performed. Findings Patients in the high risk GGT group had a poorer overall survival, when compared to the low risk group with five-year overall survival rates of 39.5% and 53.7% (p = 0.04), respectively. Patients with larger breast tumors had a trend towards higher GGT levels (p = 0.053). Pre-therapeutic GGT levels were not associated with indicators of aggressive tumor biology such as HER2-status, triple negative histology, or poorly differentiated cancers. Conclusion Pre-therapeutic GGT serum level might serve as a novel prognostic factor for overall-survival in patients with PMBC.
No 1103 December 2011 Trading Away Wide Brands for Cheap Brands

Firms face competing needs to expand product variety and reduce production costs. Trade policy affects firm investments in product variety and production processes differently. Access to larger markets enables innovation to reduce costs. Although firm scale increases, foreign competition reduces markups. Firms react by narrowing their product varieties to recapture these lost markups. I provide a theory detailing this conflicting impact of trade policy and address welfare gains from trade. Accounting for firm heterogeneity, I show support for the theoretical predictions with firm-level innovation data from Thailand’s manufacturing sector which experienced unilateral home tariff changes during 2003-2006.
Actin dynamics in living mammalian cells.

The actin cytoskeleton maintains the cellular architecture and mediates cell movements. To explore actin cytoskeletal dynamics, the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was fused to human &bgr ;-actin. The fusion protein was incorporated into actin fibers which became depolymerized upon cytochalasin B treatment. This functional EGFP-actin construct enabled observation of the actin cytoskeleton in living cells by time lapse fluorescence microscopy. Stable expression of the construct was obtained in mammalian cell lines of different tissue origins. In stationary cells, actin rich, ring-like structured 'actin clouds' were observed in addition to stress fibers. These ruffle-like structures were found to be involved in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. In migratory cells, EGFP-actin was found in the advancing lamellipodium. Immobile actin spots developed in the lamellipodium and thin actin fibers formed parallel to the leading edge. Thus EGFP-actin expressed in living cells unveiled structures involved in the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton.
Diagnostics for Time Series Analysis

Test statistics are proposed to determine the goodness of fit of a time series model. The test statistics are based on a sequence of random variables that are independent and standard normal if the model is correct. The paper shows how to compute this sequence of random variables efficiently using a combination of Markov chain Monte Carlo and importance sampling. The power of the statistics to detect outliers and level shifts is studied for an autoregressive model. The methodology is illustrated using both simulated and real data.
Screening For Antimicrobial Activity Of Fungi In Soil Samples Collected From Kubah National Park

Antimicrobial agents including antivirals and antibiotics have saved millions of lives all over the world, but these drugs are losing their effectiveness due to the development of resistance of infectious disease agents towards them. The incidence of antibiotic-resistance towards current drugs has been rapidly increasing but fewer new antibiotics are being developed. This study was carried out on soil samples collected from Kubah National Park, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, in order to discover novel antibiotics produced by soil microbes. Twenty one samples of soils were analyzed for antimicrobial producing fungi. Potential fungal isolates were tested against Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Six fungal isolates labeled P550AIa, P550AIb, P550AIc, P550AId, P550AIIa, P550AIIb showed strong antibacterial activity against the test bacteria during the antimicrobial activity screening using agar overlay technique in the preliminary screening and secondary screening. Out of the 6 fungal isolates, 3 isolates P550AIa, P550AIb, P550AIc were selected to undergo antibiotics susceptibility testing and further characterization. The crude extract of the 3 fungal isolates were further characterized by MIC, TLC and bioauthography methods. The isolates showed MIC value and produced inhibition zone compared to the positive control (5×dilutions of penicillin-streptomycin solution). The characteristics of the spores produced by the three fungal isolates matched with the description for Penicillium spp. Further confirmation by DNA sequencing of isolate P550AIb revealed its identity as Penicillium verruculosum. All the fungal isolates showing antimicrobial activity are potential to be used for producing antimicrobial compound for combating infectious bacterial agents as evidenced in this study.
Color supported generalized-ICP

This paper presents a method to support point cloud registration with color information. For this purpose we integrate L*a*b* color space information into the Generalized Iterative Closest Point (GICP) algorithm, a state-of-the-art Plane-To-Plane ICP variant. A six-dimensional k-d tree based nearest neighbor search is used to match corresponding points between the clouds. We demonstrate that the additional effort in general does not have an immoderate impact on the runtime, since the number of iterations can be reduced. The influence on the estimated 6 DoF transformations is quantitatively evaluated on six different datasets. It will be shown that the modified algorithm can improve the results without needing any special parameter adjustment.
Exercise training prevents diastolic dysfunction induced by metabolic syndrome in rats

OBJECTIVE: High fructose consumption contributes to the incidence of metabolic syndrome and, consequently, to cardiovascular outcomes. We investigated whether exercise training prevents high fructose diet-induced metabolic and cardiac morphofunctional alterations. METHODS: Wistar rats receiving fructose overload (F) in drinking water (100 g/l) were concomitantly trained on a treadmill (FT) for 10 weeks or kept sedentary. These rats were compared with a control group (C). Obesity was evaluated by the Lee index, and glycemia and insulin tolerance tests constituted the metabolic evaluation. Blood pressure was measured directly (Windaq, 2 kHz), and echocardiography was performed to determine left ventricular morphology and function. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA, with significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS: Fructose overload induced a metabolic syndrome state, as confirmed by insulin resistance (F: 3.6±0.2 vs. C: 4.5±0.2 mg/dl/min), hypertension (mean blood pressure, F: 118±3 vs. C: 104±4 mmHg) and obesity (F: 0.31±0.001 vs. C: 0.29±0.001 g/mm). Interestingly, fructose overload rats also exhibited diastolic dysfunction. Exercise training performed during the period of high fructose intake eliminated all of these derangements. The improvements in metabolic parameters were correlated with the maintenance of diastolic function. CONCLUSION: The role of exercise training in the prevention of metabolic and hemodynamic parameter alterations is of great importance in decreasing the cardiac morbidity and mortality related to metabolic syndrome.
Long‐Run Effects of Minimum Trading Unit Reductions on Stock Prices

We examine empirically the long-run effects of reductions in minimum trading units (MTU) on stock prices in Japan from October 2001 to May 2008. When firms reduce their MTU, the number of individual shareholders tends to increase significantly for several years. We estimate buy-and-hold abnormal returns and find that positive stock returns are observed not only for the period between the announcement day and the actual date of MTU decreases, but also for a period of several years following MTU reductions. In addition, we measure stock price reactions to the release of public information before and after MTU reductions and find that stock prices react less to the release of positive information and more to the release of negative information after the MTU reductions. These findings, together with evidence of the change in the short and long positions of investors after the MTU reductions, indicate that individual investors face short-sales constraints.
Neuronal Basis of Covert Spatial Attention in the Frontal Eye Field

The influential “premotor theory of attention” proposes that developing oculomotor commands mediate covert visual spatial attention. A likely source of this attentional bias is the frontal eye field (FEF), an area of the frontal cortex involved in converting visual information into saccade commands. We investigated the link between FEF activity and covert spatial attention by recording from FEF visual and saccade-related neurons in monkeys performing covert visual search tasks without eye movements. Here we show that the source of attention signals in the FEF is enhanced activity of visually responsive neurons. At the time attention is allocated to the visual search target, nonvisually responsive saccade-related movement neurons are inhibited. Therefore, in the FEF, spatial attention signals are independent of explicit saccade command signals. We propose that spatially selective activity in FEF visually responsive neurons corresponds to the mental spotlight of attention via modulation of ongoing visual processing.
Unilateral, Single Needle Approach Using an Epidural Catheter for Bilateral Superior Hypogastric Plexus Block

The superior hypogastric plexus block (SHPB) is used for treating pelvic pain, especially in patients with gynecological malignancies. Various approaches to this procedure have been reported due to the anatomic obstacles of a high iliac crest or large transverse process of the 5th lumbar vertebra. Here, we report a new technique of superior hypogastric plexus block using a unilateral single-needle approach to block the bilateral superior hypogastric plexus with a Tuohy needle and epidural catheter. We have confidence that this new technique can be another option in performing the SHPB when the conventional bilateral approach is difficult to perform.