Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
More than just a communication system: diversity in the use of electronic mail

This paper describes a series of interviews that focus on the ways that professional office workers use electronic mail to manage their daily work. A number of implications for the design of flexible mail systems are discussed. Two principal claims are made. First, electronic mail is more than just a communication system. In addition to supporting information management, it provides a mechanism for supporting a variety of time management and task management activities. Some people are prioritizers, concentrating on the problem of managing incoming messages. Others are archivers, concentrating on how to archive information for subsequent use. Similarly, some people use mail to delegate tasks, while others perform tasks delegated to them by others electronically. The second claim is that use of electronic mail is strikingly diverse, although not infinitely so. Individuals vary in their preferences, both in their general willingness to manage their work electronically and in their specific preferences along the dimensions described above. This diversity implies that one's own experiences with electronic mail are unlikely to provide sufficient understanding of other's uses of mail. Mail designers should thus seek flexible primitives that capture the important dimensions and provide flexibility for a wide range of users.
Depressive symptomatology in rural Western Australia: Prevalence, severity, and risk and protective factors

Abstract The aims of the current study were to determine the prevalence and severity of self-reported depressive symptomatology in rural Western Australia and to identify some of the risk and protective factors for depressive symptomatology in this population. The point prevalence of mild to severe depressive symptoms in the current sample of rural Western Australians (N = 380) was 24%. A lack of perceived social support emerged as the most salient risk factor for depressive symptoms. Other risk factors were perceived conflict in interpersonal relationships, poor physical health, and a low household income. Higher levels of depressive symptomatology were also related to having no spouse or partner in the home, and preferring to live elsewhere but being tied to the area. It appeared, however, that the former relationship was mediated by a decreased household income and the latter relationship was mediated by conflict in interpersonal relationships. Moderated regression analysis showed that living with a sp.
Pegaptanib for neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

BACKGROUND Pegaptanib, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, was evaluated in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. METHODS We conducted two concurrent, prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter, dose-ranging, controlled clinical trials using broad entry criteria. Intravitreous injection into one eye per patient of pegaptanib (at a dose of 0.3 mg, 1.0 mg, or 3.0 mg) or sham injections were administered every 6 weeks over a period of 48 weeks. The primary end point was the proportion of patients who had lost fewer than 15 letters of visual acuity at 54 weeks. RESULTS In the combined analysis of the primary end point (for a total of 1186 patients), efficacy was demonstrated, without a dose-response relationship, for all three doses of pegaptanib (P<0.001 for the comparison of 0.3 mg with sham injection; P<0.001 for the comparison of 1.0 mg with sham injection; and P=0.03 for the comparison of 3.0 mg with sham injection). In the group given pegaptanib at 0.3 mg, 70 percent of patients lost fewer than 15 letters of visual acuity, as compared with 55 percent among the controls (P<0.001). The risk of severe loss of visual acuity (loss of 30 letters or more) was reduced from 22 percent in the sham-injection group to 10 percent in the group receiving 0.3 mg of pegaptanib (P<0.001). More patients receiving pegaptanib (0.3 mg), as compared with sham injection, maintained their visual acuity or gained acuity (33 percent vs. 23 percent; P=0.003). As early as six weeks after beginning therapy with the study drug, and at all subsequent points, the mean visual acuity among patients receiving 0.3 mg of pegaptanib was better than in those receiving sham injections (P<0.002). Among the adverse events that occurred, endophthalmitis (in 1.3 percent of patients), traumatic injury to the lens (in 0.7 percent), and retinal detachment (in 0.6 percent) were the most serious and required vigilance. These events were associated with a severe loss of visual acuity in 0.1 percent of patients. CONCLUSIONS Pegaptanib appears to be an effective therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Its long-term safety is not known.
Coronary Calcification: Relationship to Clinically Significant Coronary Lesions and Race, Sex, and Topographic Distribution

Measurements of the per cent of the surface with calcified lesions have been made for the three main coronary arteries from 1,242 consecutive necropsies of whites and Negroes between the ages of 30 to 69 years.Calcified lesions were most prevalent and most extensive in the left anterior descending branch and occurred with greatest frequency at 2 to 3 cm. from the orifice. Whites had greater involvement than Negroes and males had greater involvement than females. Prevalence and extent of calcification have been compared in four cause-of-death or disease categories; cases dying of coronary heart disease had greater involvement than the other three groups.The prevalence of ischemic myocardial lesions, complicated coronary lesions, or stenotic lesions was greater for cases with calcified lesions, and this prevalence increases with increase in extent of calcified lesions. The significance of the presence of coronary calcified lesions for the diagnosis of advanced coronary atherosclerosis is greatest for younger individuals.
Prevalence of Potential Drug Interactions in an Iranian General Hospital

The hazards of prescribing many drugs, including side-effects, drug-drug interactions and difficulties of compliance have long been recognized as particular problems when prescribing. This study estimates the rate and factors associated with potential drug-drug interactions in prescriptions from wards of An Iranian General Hospital. Data were retrieved from the pharmacy of a general hospital (200 beds) during one year period 2010. Potential drug-drug interaction were identified using a computerized drug-drug interaction database system (Prescription Analyzer 2000, Sara Rayane Co., Iran). Patients of both genders and 15 years-old or more were included in this study. Prescriptions with two or more drugs prescribed were selected during one year period 2010. Gender number of drugs and therapeutic drug classes on prescriptions were explored as associated factors to drug-drug interaction. The overall prevalence of potential drug-drug interaction was 20.3%. The risks of severe potential drug interactions were relatively high and the rate of potential drug-drug interaction was significantly higher in women (60.6%) and the patients aged over 60 years old (57.1%). The frequency of the potentially severe drug-drug interaction was 10.8% with digoxin-furosemide as the most common interacting pair (5.91%). A positive correlation was found between drug-drug interaction, patient's age, number of drugs and drugs acting on cardiovascular system. So cardiology women inpatients, age more then 60 years old, and patients prescribed digoxin and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors should be closely monitored for adverse outcomes from drug-drug interaction.
Color synesthesia. Insight into perception, emotion, and consciousness

Purpose of review Synesthesia is an extraordinary perceptual phenomenon, in which individuals experience unusual percepts elicited by the activation of an unrelated sensory modality or by a cognitive process. Emotional reactions are commonly associated. The condition prompted philosophical debates on the nature of perception and impacted the course of art history. It recently generated a considerable interest among neuroscientists, but its clinical significance apparently remains underevaluated. This review focuses on the recent studies regarding variants of color synesthesia, the commonest form of the condition. Recent findings Synesthesia is commonly classified as developmental and acquired. Developmental forms predispose to changes in primary sensory processing and cognitive functions, usually with better performances in certain aspects and worse in others, and to heightened creativity. Acquired forms of synesthesia commonly arise from drug ingestion or neurological disorders, including thalamic lesions and sensory deprivation (e.g., blindness). Cerebral exploration using structural and functional imaging has demonstrated distinct patterns in cortical activation and brain connectivity for controls and synesthetes. Artworks of affected painters are most illustrative of the nature of synesthetic experiences. Summary Results of the recent investigations on synesthesia offered a remarkable insight into the mechanisms of perception, emotion and consciousness, and deserve attention both from neuroscientists and from clinicians.
Causes, processes and consequences of “desertification”: Results of a qualitative study about the conceptions of 12- and 13-year-old students in Germany

Preconceptions are a crucial factor in the educational learning process. Hence, the investigation of preconceptions is important for learning and teaching in the field of geography. This study examines the preconceptions of 12- and 13-year-old students, regarding the major environmental problem of “desertification. ” The students’ preconceptions were collected by conducting half-standardized, problem-centered and guided interviews. These interviews (n = 13) were then evaluated using qualitative content analysis. Results show quite complex preconceptions concerning the causes, the processes, the effects and the measures to counter desertification. Regarding the causes of desertification, three basic preconceptions were identified: water consumption inducing drought, climate change generating high temperatures and wind blowing sand from deserts to adjacent areas. All in all, natural causes for desertification were predominant from the students’ perspective. In conclusion, some conceptions can be classified as almost in line with scientific explanations, while others can be considered as alternative explanations. Based on the results of the study, implications concerning learning and teaching geography are proposed, such as focusing on the anthropogenic causes of desertification.
Risk & Reward: The Impact of Animal Rights Activism on Women

This qualitative study of 27 women animal activists examines the risks and rewards that accompany a commitment to animal rights activism. One of the common beliefs about animal rights activists is that their political choices are fanatic and unyielding, resulting in rigid self-denial. Contrary to this notion, the women in this study experienced both the pain and the joy of their transformation toward animal activism. Activism took an enormous toll on their personal relationships, careers, and emotional well being. They struggled as friendships ended and family relationships suffered; some experienced harassment and abuse as a result of their efforts. Yet the women were just as likely to extol the rewards and pleasure gained from their participation in the cause of animal liberation. These included a heightened awareness of political issues, greater self-confidence, the feeling that they were making a difference in the world, and the joy of living a “more meaningful life. ”
gdbank: The beginnings of a corpus of dependency structures and type-logical grammar in Scottish Gaelic

We present gdbank, a small handbuilt corpus of 32 sentences with dependency structures and categorial grammar type assignments. The sentences have been chosen to illustrate as broad a range of the unusual features of Scottish Gaelic as possible, particularly nouns being used to represent psychological states where more thoroughly-studied languages such as English and French would prefer a verb, and prepositions marking aspect, as is also seen in Welsh and, for example, Irish Gaelic. We provide hand-built dependency trees, building on previous work on Irish Gaelic and using the Universal Dependency Scheme. We also provide a tentative categorial grammar account of the words in the sentences, based largely on previous work on English.
Unsupervised metric learning for face identification in TV video

The goal of face identification is to decide whether two faces depict the same person or not. This paper addresses the identification problem for face-tracks that are automatically collected from uncontrolled TV video data. Face-track identification is an important component in systems that automatically label characters in TV series or movies based on subtitles and/or scripts: it enables effective transfer of the sparse text-based supervision to other faces. We show that, without manually labeling any examples, metric learning can be effectively used to address this problem. This is possible by using pairs of faces within a track as positive examples, while negative training examples can be generated from pairs of face tracks of different people that appear together in a video frame. In this manner we can learn a cast-specific metric, adapted to the people appearing in a particular video, without using any supervision. Identification performance can be further improved using semi-supervised learning where we also include labels for some of the face tracks. We show that our cast-specific metrics not only improve identification, but also recognition and clustering.
Two Superordinate Personality Factors in Childhood

The study presents the superordinate structure of personality measured by the Inventory of Child Individual Differences (ICID) and its links with behavioural approach system (BAS) and behavioural inhibition system (BIS), problem behaviour and family environment measures in parent reports of 1780 Russian children aged 3–17 years and 573 adolescent self–reports. Two higher–order factors, α comprising Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Neuroticism (reversed), and β comprising Openness, Extraversion, Conscientiousness and Emotional Stability, were confirmed across gender and age. Structural model linking BAS with α and BIS with β was supported. α was negatively associated with externalising problems and β was negatively related to internalising problems. The links with family cohesion, punishment, westernisation and affluence supported the external validity of the Big Two. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating a network model of word generation with positron emission tomography

By using positron emission tomography (pet) we examined the biological validity of a network model describing changes in cerebral activity associated with intrinsic and extrinsic word generation. The production of words not specified by an extrinsic stimulus constitutes willed or intrinsic generation. Perceiving a heard word is an example of extrinsic generation. The model incorporates three neuronal systems: a pool that stores word representations in a distributed fashion, an afferent system conveying sensory input to the pool and a modulating system that alters the responsivity of neurons in the pool. Simulations based on the model suggested that intrinsic generation would be associated with low activity in the pool, consequent on reduced modulation, and extrinsic generation with high activity. We measured cerebral activity with pet during intrinsic (verbal fluency) and extrinsic (responding to heard words) word generation and found this pattern of changes in the left superior temporal region. We were able to designate this region the site of the distributed word store and implicate the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlpfc) as the source of modulation. The relation between the superior temporal gyrus and dlpfc was shown by examining the correlation between the two regions in terms of cerebral activity. We conclude that the left dlpfc is responsible for modulating the responsivity of a neural system in the superior temporal gyrus and is the probable mediator of changes in attentional and intentional states that underlies the intrinsic generation of words.
On-board snubber circuit for damping of anti-resonance peak in total PDN

Power supply noise is a serious issue for advanced CMOS LSIs and systems, since the performance of LSI chip is becoming more sensitive to power supply fluctuation under the lower power supply voltage. Because power supply noises are strongly related to the anti-resonance peak frequency in the total power distribution network (PDN), suppressing the anti-resonance peak is one of the most important design concerns. In this paper, the on-board snubber circuits (RC series circuits) has been studied to suppress the anti-resonance peak. The optimal circuit parameters of the on-board snubber circuits such as capacitance (Csnb) and resistance (Rdmp) were derived for quad flat package (QFP) and ball grid array (BGA) to effectively suppress the anti-resonance peak of the total PDN impedance. As a result, the settling time of power supply noises were greatly decreased. Furthermore, clock frequency dependency of power supply noise was also significantly decreased.
Flexibility in Algal Endosymbioses Shapes Growth in Reef Corals

The relation between corals and their algal endosymbionts has been a key to the success of scleractinian (stony) corals as modern reef-builders, but little is known about early stages in the establishment of the symbiosis. Here, we show that initial uptake of zooxanthellae by juvenile corals during natural infection is nonspecific (a potentially adaptive trait); the association is flexible and characterized by a change in (dominant) zooxanthella strains over time; and growth rates of experimentally infected coral holobionts are partly contingent on the zooxanthella strain harbored, with clade C–infected juveniles growing two to three times as fast as those infected with clade D.
The Physical and Behavioural Consequences of Facebook Use among University Students

Facebook is considered as one of the popular social network among young adults including university students globally. However, little studies have examined the adverse health behaviours associated with extensive Facebook use. Using a randomly selected 648 students from two universities in Ghana and a self-administered questionnaire, this study examined relationships between adverse health effects and unhealthy behaviours among university students using Facebook. Age of students ranged from 18–34, with an average age of 23.27(SD = 3.21). Over 57.5% of the participants spend over one hour on Facebook daily. Students who spend more than an hour on Facebook daily were less likely to answer telephone calls (OR = 5.24; 95%CI = 2.49–11.03), postponing of meals (OR = 0.32; 95%CI = 0.20–0.50), feel isolated from family (OR = 0.42; 95%CI = 0.28–0.61), society (OR = 0.16; 95%CI = 0.08–0.34) but more likely to hold urine (OR = 2.67; 95%CI = 1.82–3.90), faeces (OR = 1.69; 95%CI = 1.14–2.51) and skip breakfast (OR= 1.53; 95%CI = 1.02–2.28). Excessive daily Facebook use was also associated with wrist pains (OR= 1.66; 95%CI = 1.08–2.54). These findings showed that excessive Facebook use had both physical and musculoskeletal health effects on students. Health promotion and interventions are necessary in institutions of higher educations to guide young people towards a healthy use of social media like Facebook. Such interventions should focus on self-control of Facebook use, and periodic screening for musculoskeletal disorders. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014. v5n27p774
Strong Convergence of Euler-Type Methods for Nonlinear Stochastic Differential Equations

Traditional finite-time convergence theory for numerical methods applied to stochastic differential equations (SDEs) requires a global Lipschitz assumption on the drift and diffusion coefficients. In practice, many important SDE models satisfy only a local Lipschitz property and, since Brownian paths can make arbitrarily large excursions, the global Lipschitz-based theory is not directly relevant. In this work we prove strong convergence results under less restrictive conditions. First, we give a convergence result for Euler--Maruyama requiring only that the SDE is locally Lipschitz and that the pth moments of the exact and numerical solution are bounded for some p >2. As an application of this general theory we show that an implicit variant of Euler--Maruyama converges if the diffusion coefficient is globally Lipschitz, but the drift coefficient satisfies only a one-sided Lipschitz condition; this is achieved by showing that the implicit method has bounded moments and may be viewed as an Euler--Maruyama approximation to a perturbed SDE of the same form. Second, we show that the optimal rate of convergence can be recovered if the drift coefficient is also assumed to behave like a polynomial.
Pussy Riot and feminist cultural criminology: a new ‘Femininity in Dissent’?

This comment considers the mainstream, online Western news media’s reaction to the imprisonment of three members of the Russian feminist punk band, Pussy Riot, in August 2012. Of particular concern is the band’s style of feminist political protest; it argues that their case is of significance to feminist cultural criminology. Drawing on Young’s analysis of media censuring of feminist political protest as deviance, the contrasting, positive representation in this case of Pussy Riot as dissidents is explored. This positive representation can be understood with regard to Western geopolitical concerns, but also stresses the effectiveness of Pussy Riot in communicating their political message.
Cognitive and Conceptual Change in Adolescence

Conceptual changes occur during adolescence, both because students assimilate knowledge about previously unstudied phenomena and because ideas are replaced by more predictive, abstract, or robust notions. We look at cognitive change by focusing broadly on conceptual change, examining increases in understanding as well as the process of abandoning one view for another. We examine the powerful influence of the social context in which learning occurs. This social context gains importance during adolescence in conjunction with increased awareness of social relationships and social influences. We discuss the implications of this research for education and make suggestions concerning future research on instruction and conceptual change. We note two key trends. First, students construct understanding by integrating observations and activities into intuitions following a process similar to that followed by scientists. We call on educators to support and encourage this process rather than labeling these conceptual attainments "misconceptions. " Second, we note that learners often overcompartmentalize knowledge into "domains" and therefore fail to recognize parallels in similar situations. If educators foster the constructive process and the broadening of domains they will also encourage conceptual change. In conclusion, we argue that recent interest in complex conceptual change has implications for researchers concerned with all aspects of cognitive change. In particular, we call on those concerned with cognition to test their ideas in the context of complex conceptual change.