Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the Glidescope® to the McGrath® videolaryngoscope in patients

Background The Glidescope® videolaryngoscope is a new device for tracheal intubation that provides an improved view of the larynx. This study was performed to compare the Glidescope with the McGrath videolaryngoscope in terms of time to intubation (TTI) and number of attempts. Methods Patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups, Glidescope or McGrath group, by using computer-generated numbers. Tracheal intubation was attempted by an anesthesiologist with extensive experience using these two devices. The operator recorded ease of visualization of glottic structures based on the classification described by Cormack and Lehane. Number of failures, number of attempts and their duration, total intubation time, and events during the whole procedure were recorded. The duration of one attempt was defined as the time elapsed between picking up the endotracheal tube and verification of tracheal intubation with visualization of three expiratory carbon dioxide waveforms. TTI was defined as the sum of the duration of all intubation attempts (as many as three), excluding preoxygenation procedures. Results TTI was significantly shorter for the Glidescope® compared to the McGrath® laryngoscope (40.5 vs. 53.3 s, respectively, P < 0.05). However, glottic views obtained at intubation were similar between the two groups. Number of intubation attempts was not significantly different between the two groups (1.03 ± 0.19 vs 1.10 ± 0.32, respectively) (mean ± SD). Conclusions Study results demonstrated that the Glidescope reduced total intubation time in comparison with the McGrath, in terms of TTI in patients with normal airways.
HIV controllers exhibit potent CD8 T cell capacity to suppress HIV infection ex vivo and peculiar cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation phenotype

Some rare HIV-1-infected individuals, referred to as HIV controllers (HIC), have persistently undetectable plasma viral load in the absence of therapy. This control of HIV-1 replication has been associated with a strong, multifunctional specific CD8+ T cell response. However, no direct link between this immune response and the control of viremia has so far been provided. We investigated parameters of specific CD8+ T cell response and in vitro susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in 11 HIC. We found high frequencies of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, these cells expressed the activation marker HLA-DR but not CD38. This unique phenotype differentiates HIV-specific CD8+ T cells from HIC and noncontroller subjects and likely reflects a high potential to expand upon exposure to antigen and a capacity to exert effector functions. Accordingly, although CD4+ T cells from HIC were fully susceptible to HIV-1 superinfection, their CD8+ T cells effectively suppressed HIV-1 infection. Remarkably, this potent anti-HIV activity was observed without prior stimulation of CD8+ T cells. This activity was not mediated by secreted inhibitory factors but was due to the elimination of infected CD4+ T cells and was observed only with autologous CD4+ T cells, indicating an HLA-restricted cytotoxic mechanism. This constitutive antiviral capacity of CD8+ T cells could account for the control of viral replication in HIC.
Detection and identification of bacterial DNA in patients with cirrhosis and culture‐negative, nonneutrocytic ascites

The current pathogenic theory of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in patients with cirrhosis and ascites suggests that repeated episodes of bacterial translocation (BT) from intestinal lumen to mesenteric lymph nodes followed by systemic seeding are the key steps for the final development of infectious events. However, most of the episodes of systemic bacterial circulation remain undetected. Therefore, we investigated the hypothetical presence of bacteria in blood and/or ascitic fluid (AF) from patients with cirrhosis and sterile (culture negative) AF by means of bacterial DNA (bactDNA) detection and identification. Twenty‐eight consecutively admitted patients with cirrhosis and presence of AF were included in the study. BactDNA was detected using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based method. The corresponding bacteria were identified by nucleotide sequencing of purified PCR products. BactDNA was detected simultaneously in blood and AF in 9 patients (32.1%). DNA sequencing allowed the identification of Escherichia coli (n = 7) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 2). In all cases, the similarity between the sequence found in AF and blood indicated that the bactDNA present in both locations originated from a single clone (single translocation event). Child‐Pugh score and basic hemodynamic, clinical, endoscopic, and biochemical characteristics were similar among patients with or without the presence of bactDNA. In conclusion, we have detected bactDNA in serum and AF in 32% of all patients studied, and this likely represents single clone episodes of translocation and systemic seeding. E. coli is the most frequently identified bacteria.
Putting communication on management's agenda

Getting communication right is vital to making change happen inside organisations — yet poor internal communication is routinely sabotaging efforts for change. Internal communicators are frustrated by senior managers who seem committed, but who then pay lip service to communication. Rather than trying to push communication further up senior management's agenda, the internal communicator should be trying to link communication with what is already at the top of their agenda. In order to be convincing, internal communicators will need to undestand the business issues that the organisation faces, and link internal communication more demonstrably to the business strategy.
Delay-Aware Energy-Efficient Communications Over Nakagami-  $m$ Fading Channel With MMPP Traffic

In this paper, we propose a cross-layer design framework for transmitting Markov modulated Poisson process (MMPP) traffic over Nakagami-m fading channel with delay demands. The adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) technique is used at the physical layer. The energy efficiency is described as the average throughput over the average transmission power, where both of throughput and transmit power have full consideration of the queuing system. We first derive the closed-form expressions of the delay and the energy efficiency with the stationary distribution of the system. We then derive the energy efficient thresholds to choose the AMC transmission modes. At last, we derive the transmission policy to maximize the energy efficiency with delay constraints. Numerical results are provided to support the theoretical development.
The Effects of Organizational Justice on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in the Chinese Context

Organizational justice (OJ) has been one of the topics studied most frequently in last decade’s years but mostly in the context of Western countries. This study tests the construct validity of OJ in the context of Chinese societies first, testifying four-dimensional OJ model is the best one, which includes distributive, procedural, interpersonal, and leadership justice. Second, the regression analysis of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) on OJ has been done; it was found that distributive justice (DJ) and interpersonal justice (IJ) have a positive effect on Organizational Citizenship Behavior Beneficial to Supervisor (OCBS), whereas procedural justice (PJ) and IJ have a positive effect on Organizational Citizenship Behavior Beneficial to Organization (OCBO). Last, the mediating role of social exchange between OJ and OCB was tested and verified—Perceived organizational support (POS) mediates PJ, leadership justice (LJ), and OCBO, whereas leader–member exchange (LMX) mediates DJ and IJ. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Further integration of social psychology and personality psychology: Choice or necessity?

The aim of the Reynolds et al. paper was to advance understanding of the points of connection between personality and social psychology and to open up and stimulate new lines of theory and research. We believe that those reading the paper and commentaries, whether in agreement or disagreement, will find the experience thought-provoking and stimulating. Major issues at the heart of both fields have been identified, debated and discussed. In the paper, we sought to investigate whether the self-categorization theory of the self-process, and related work in personality psychology on dynamic interactionism, can provide a more integrated explanation of the person and behaviour. This task is complicated by the need to orient the arguments to personality and social psychology audiences and the complexity of the issues involved, many of which have long been debated in both fields. Our mission in this rejoinder is to build on these commentaries and to focus the debate and discussion on issues of substance. We, therefore, in the next few pages seek to highlight points of consensus, address misunderstandings and map out future directions.
Submillimeter emission from water in the W3 region

Using the Odin satellite, we have mapped the submillimeter emission from the 110-101 transition of ortho-water in the W3 star-forming region. A 5arcminx 5arcmin map of the W3 IRS4 and W3 IRS5 region reveals strong water lines at half the positions in the map. The relative strength of the Odin lines compared to previous observations by SWAS suggests that we are seeing water emission from an extended region. Across much of the map the lines are double-peaked, with an absorption feature at -39 km s-1; however, some positions in the map show a single strong line at -43 km s-1. We interpret the double-peaked lines as arising from optically thick, self-absorbed water emission near the W3 IRS5, while the narrower blue-shifted lines originate in emission near W3 IRS4. In this model, the unusual appearance of the spectral lines across the map results from a coincidental agreement in velocity between the emission near W3 IRS4 and the blue peak of the more complex lines near W3 IRS5. The strength of the water lines near W3 IRS4 suggests we may be seeing water emission enhanced in a photon-dominated region. Based on observations with Odin, a Swedish-led satellite project funded jointly by the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB), the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the National Technology Agency of Finland (Tekes), and Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). The Swedish Space Corporation was the industrial prime contractor and is also responsible for the satellite operation.
Co-Residence Among Bangkok Elderly: Implications of Children's Marital Status

Co-residence with a married child is considered the major form of elderly care in Thailand but marked socio-demographic changes have raised concerns over the sustainability of traditional extended families. In this article the author examines the relationships between co-residence with elderly parents and children's marriages in Bangkok. Quantitative data suggest the continuing dominance of elderly parents co-residing with an adult child. In-depth interview data reveal that most children move out of the parental home at marriage, and even if they do not, conflicts can prevent long-term co-residence. Never-married children are structurally more suitable for co-residence as they typically remain in the parental home, do not have a spouse who might not get along with parents, and can more easily care for parents without the competing needs of their own families.
Person Reidentification by Kernel PCA Based Appearance Learning

Person reidentification is a desirable feature in intelligent visual surveillance systems. This paper presents a novel person reidentification algorithm using an eigenspace appearance representation. Color and spatial information per each pixel form the pixel-wise appearance representation. Assuming a person's appearance under different poses, illumination condition and view points resides in a high dimensional, non-linear manifold, Kernel PCA is applied to represent the manifold. The similarity measurement is taken by projecting the testing data to the eigenspace representation. For efficient appearance representation, a key frame selection method is presented to select multiple representative templates for each person. Experimental results on two publicly available datasets demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.
Evaluating Teaching Quality

Abstract A comparison is made of student feedback questionnaires, peer review and the potential use of mystery students as a means of evaluating the quality of teaching and learning and providing a vehicle for continuous improvement. The available literature and primary data obtained via semi‐structured interviews conducted with staff within a UK business school, as well as secondary analysis of the results of an interview exercise with the same staff concerning student feedback questionnaires, were used in the analysis. The findings show that staff have very little faith in student feedback questionnaires, whether module or institutional, participate (sometimes reluctantly) in the school’s peer review scheme and are divided on the potential use of mystery students.
Asian American and White American Differences on Affective Distress Symptoms

This study examined whether Asian Americans and White Americans would show differential patterns of reporting their levels of depressive and social anxiety symptoms depending on the method of reporting. Standard self-report measures of depressive, social anxiety, and somatic symptomatology as well as measures of cultural self- construal and social desirability were administered twice to Asian American and White American participants. The results showed that there were no interaction effects between ethnicity and reporting method in any of the self-report measures, both ethnic groups reported lower levels of depressive symptoms in interview condition than in written condition, and Asian Americans reported higher levels of social anxiety than White Americans on both interview and written conditions. The findings suggest that although the method of reporting does not differentially affect Asian Americans, there are persistent ethnic differences between Asian Americans and White Americans in the types and levels of distress they report.
Improving text passwords through persuasion

Password restriction policies and advice on creating secure passwords have limited effects on password strength. Influencing users to create more secure passwords remains an open problem. We have developed Persuasive Text Passwords (PTP), a text password creation system which leverages Persuasive Technology principles to influence users in creating more secure passwords without sacrificing usability. After users choose a password during creation, PTP improves its security by placing randomly-chosen characters at random positions into the password. Users may shuffle to be presented with randomly-chosen and positioned characters until they find a combination they feel is memorable. In this paper, we present an 83-participant user study testing four PTP variations. Our results show that the PTP variations significantly improved the security of users' passwords. We also found that those participants who had a high number of random characters placed into their passwords would deliberately choose weaker pre-improvement passwords to compensate for the memory load. As a consequence of this compensatory behaviour, there was a limit to the gain in password security achieved by PTP.
University Challenges: Negotiating Secularism and Religiosity in Higher Education Institutions

While geographers' examinations of religion and secularism have emphasized identity politics of faith in everyday life, little attention has been paid to intuitional politics and historical approaches to religious accommodation. Such historical approaches are critical to understanding contemporary religious service provision outside metropolitan areas, where minority faiths typically depend on the ‘goodwill’ of institutions. This paper examines campaigns to establish a mosque at a secular British university in the 1980s and 1990s, highlighting the different visions for the project: a sacred space for communal worship and a resource to attract lucrative international students. It highlights how notions of hospitality towards international students were emphasized to circumvent concerns that the university's secular status would be damaged by such a development. The paper concludes by considering questions on the role of hospitality in accommodating diversity.
Total intracorporeal robotic cystectomy: are we there yet?

Purpose of review To provide discussion on several recently published case series describing complete intracorporeal robotic cystectomy. Are we making a complex and expensive procedure more challenging or are there patient benefits to be realized from a complete minimally invasive approach? We discuss how effective and cost-efficient a complete intracorporeal approach is, review the updates and comment on the future direction of robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC). Recent findings Several centers have recently reported a series of RARC with intracorporeal urinary diversion. Baseline demographics, complication rates and oncological outcome data were comparable to previously published open radical cystectomy series, as well as robotic cystectomy with extracorporeal urinary diversion series. In centers experienced in robotics, comparable outcomes were achieved early in the series with no significant difference in lymph node yields, positive surgical margin rates or complication rates. However, operation times and patient's length of stay (LOS) continued to improve, suggesting that aspect of the learning curve is longer than previously thought. Benefits such as decreased blood loss and reduced LOS, commonly associated with minimally invasive surgery, were seen and while costs of RARC remain prohibitive, reducing operative times and LOS will improve cost analysis. Summary RARC with totally intracorporeal urinary diversion is technically feasible with good early and intermediate-term oncological and complication rate results. High-volume centers with expertise can deliver a complete intracorporeal robotic cystectomy with no increase in the complication rates or additional costs compared to RARC with extracorporeal urinary diversion. Further long-term oncological and functional data and the results of prospective randomized controlled trials are both pending to confirm these findings.
Induction of Vertebrate Regeneration by a Transient Sodium Current

Amphibians such as frogs can restore lost organs during development, including the lens and tail. To design biomedical therapies for organ repair, it is necessary to develop a detailed understanding of natural regeneration. Recently, ion transport has been implicated as a functional regulator of regeneration. Whereas voltage-gated sodium channels play a well known and important role in propagating action potentials in excitable cells, we have identified a novel role in regeneration for the ion transport function mediated by the voltage-gated sodium channel, NaV1.2. A local, early increase in intracellular sodium is required for initiating regeneration following Xenopus laevis tail amputation, and molecular and pharmacological inhibition of sodium transport causes regenerative failure. NaV1.2 is absent under nonregenerative conditions, but misexpression of human NaV1.5 can rescue regeneration during these states. Remarkably, pharmacological induction of a transient sodium current is capable of restoring regeneration even after the formation of a nonregenerative wound epithelium, confirming that it is the regulation of sodium transport that is critical for regeneration. Our studies reveal a previously undetected competency window in which cells retain their intrinsic regenerative program, identify a novel endogenous role for NaV in regeneration, and show that modulation of sodium transport represents an exciting new approach to organ repair.
Affective Consequences of Variation in Behavior Perception

An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that finer levels of behavior analysis may lead to greater liking for an observed other. A sample of 30 male and female college students were instructed to analyze an actor's behavior into either fine, natural, or gross units of action. As predicted, fine-unit subjects subsequently liked the actor more than did natural-unit subjects who, in turn, liked the actor more than did gross-unit subjects, as measured by both behavior and self-reports. It is argued that these results are consistent with the notion that level of analysis regulates the amount of information gained from the observation of behavior. Some boundary conditions suggested by this interpretation are discussed.
Images in cardiovascular medicine. Optical mapping of the human atrioventricular junction.

Fluorescent optical mapping of cardiac electrophysiology in animal models has produced a wealth of information about the function of the cardiac pacemaking and conduction system. However, expanding optical mapping studies to the human conduction system will significantly increase our understanding of clinically relevant phenomena, such as atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, that are difficult to fully reproduce in animal models. In this report, we present the first instance of optical mapping data recorded from the human atrioventricular junction, revealing its dual pathway electrophysiology, which is the basis of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. Explanted human hearts (n=2) were obtained at the time of cardiac transplantation and perfused with cardioplegic solution. The atrioventricular junction was cannulated, isolated from the rest of the heart, immobilized with the excitation-contraction uncoupler blebbistatin (10 μmol/L),1 and optically mapped using the voltage sensitive dye Di-4-ANEPPS and a 16×16 photodiode array. In the first heart, explanted because of idiopathic cardiomyopathy, successful perfusion of the His bundle and ventricular septum, but not the atrioventricular (AV) node, was achieved. In this preparation, a junctional rhythm of 55 bpm originated from the His bundle (Figure 1). Optical action potentials (OAPs) from the His displayed diastolic depolarization and a slow upstroke with the maximum derivative of the fluorescent signal dF/dtmax=2.8±0.5 U/s. Pacing the surrounding working ventricular myocardium produced a sharper upstroke (dF/dtmax=37±11, P <0.001 versus His OAPs) and longer action potential duration (APD) than the His (APD80: 315±23 ms in His versus 410±3ms in ventricle, P <0.001). The activation map of the His junctional rhythm demonstrated slow conduction (7 cm/s) transversely along the His bundle (Figure 1). These data provide the first optical recordings of the human His bundle. Figure 1. Junctional rhythm in the His bundle with schematic of the atrioventricular junction shown in the …