Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tactical skill in Australian youth soccer: Does it discriminate age-match skill levels?

Objectives Football Federation Australia (FFA) has identified that Australian athletes are proficient physically, however often lack the technical and tactical skills to excel internationally. The aim of the current study was to assess if a video-based decision-making test could discriminate different age-matched skill levels of talent in Australian soccer. Design Cross-sectional observational. Methods Sixty-two youth male soccer players completed a video-based decision-making test. Results An ANOVA test showed that the video-based test significantly discriminated between all three groups, with the national elite athletes selecting more correct responses than the state elite (65.3 ± 8.1%; 56.0 ± 9.1%, respectively). The state elite were more accurate than the sub-elite (45.9 ± 8.8%). Conclusions Results suggest that a video-based test may be a suitable tool to use in the selection of athletes as a measure of decision-making skill. The low accuracy scores, even for the national elite cohort, suggest that decision-making skill at the youth level has room for improvement and should be prioritised as an area for development.
CDK inhibitors R-roscovitine and S-CR8 effectively block renal and hepatic cystogenesis in an orthologous model of ADPKD

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and other forms of PKD are associated with dysregulated cell cycle and proliferation. Although no effective therapy for the treatment of PKD is currently available, possible mechanism-based approaches are beginning to emerge. A therapeutic intervention targeting aberrant cilia-cell cycle connection using CDK-inhibitor R-roscovitine showed effective arrest of PKD in jck and cpk models that are not orthologous to human ADPKD. To evaluate whether CDK inhibition approach will translate into efficacy in an orthologous model of ADPKD, we tested R-roscovitine and its derivative S-CR8 in a model with a conditionally inactivated Pkd1 gene (Pkd1 cKO). Similar to ADPKD, Pkd1 cKO mice developed renal and hepatic cysts. Treatment of Pkd1 cKO mice with R-roscovitine and its more potent and selective analog S-CR8 significantly reduced renal and hepatic cystogenesis and attenuated kidney function decline. Mechanism of action studies demonstrated effective blockade of cell cycle and proliferation and reduction of apoptosis. Together, these data validate CDK inhibition as a novel and effective approach for the treatment of ADPKD.
A Novel Fast Approach for Convolutional Networks with Small Filters Based on GPU

Recently, convolutional networks have achieved great successes in the field of computer vision. In order to improve the efficiency of convolutional networks, large amount of solutions focusing on training algorithms and parallelism strategies have been proposed. In this paper, a novel algorithm based on look-up table is proposed to speed up convolutional networks with small filters by applying GPU. By transforming multiplication operations in the convolution computation to some table-based summation operations, the overhead of convolution computation can be reduced largely. The process of creating table and looking up table is very appropriate for parallelization on GPU. Experiment results show that the proposed approaches can improve the speed of convolution computation by 20%-30%, compared with state-of-the-art existing works.
CHAPTER 30 COGNITIVE ABILITIES AND FINANCIAL DECISIONS

This chapter demonstrates that a person’s level of cognitive abilities is a key determinant of financial decisions. Households with high cognitive abilities tend to participate more in the stock market and accumulate more financial wealth than households with low cognitive abilities. Upon participation, portfolio performance improves with experience but it is negatively correlated with age due to the adverse effects of cognitive aging. A portfolio choice model that accounts for cognitive abilities can also provide a parsimonious explanation to why retail investors hold underdiversified portfolios, engage in active trading, and overweight local stocks. Specifically, portfolio distortions by smart investors reflect an informational advantage and generate higher risk-adjusted returns. In contrast, the distortions by investors with lower abilities arise from psychological biases and result in low risk-adjusted performance. INTRODUCTION This chapter focuses on an important, but previously unexplored, determinant of stock investment decisions, namely, cognitive abilities. At first glance, intelligence should be correlated with success in financial decisions. However, directly establishing this link is difficult because data sets that contain both measures of cognitive abilities and financial performance are hard to obtain. Even with rich data sets, the impact of cognitive abilities on financial decisions may be difficult to quantify because this relation is likely to be complex and multifaceted. For example, predicting whether the quality of investment decisions would improve or deteriorate with age poses numerous problems. Although older investors would accumulate
How students with autism spectrum conditions understand traditional bullying and cyberbullying

ABSTRACT Students with ASC are at heightened risk for bullying and their understanding of bullying is known to protect them from involvement in it (Humphrey and Hebron 2015). However, only a handful of studies have examined how students with ASC understand traditional bullying and none of them focused on cyberbullying. To fill this gap, we investigated how traditional bullying and cyberbullying are understood from the perspectives of 89 students with ASC attending inclusive schools and 490 students without ASC. Twenty vignettes were used from (Campbell et al. 2017a), based on the Olweus (1999) definition of bullying and verified by a Delphi technique. In the majority of traditional bullying and cyberbullying vignettes, students with ASC made more accurate responses than inaccurate ones and demonstrated higher accuracy rates than students without ASC. Findings of linear multiple regression analyses pointed out ASC status as a predictive variable for understanding both types of bullying, along with students' age for understanding cyberbullying. The findings highlight the ability rather than inability to understand bullying in students with ASC. It is therefore critical to include the voices and experiences of students with ASC in our research endeavour.
A New Contingency View of the Organization: Mananging Complexity and Uncertainty Through Cognition

This paper proposes a new contingency view of the organization and it contributes to the theme through two complementary perspectives. First, it proposes cognition as a function which acts as the main mediator between the organization and the environment. Second, it introduces cognition as the core organizational ability which supports individuals, groups and organizations with intelligence, autonomy, learning and knowledge management, whereas, in such a perspective, cognition is viewed as the core resource in the service of the organization. Both perspectives, the mediation and the core organizational resource views, imply that cognition contributes toward managing environmental complexity and uncertainty. From this picture, this work analyzes the organization in the pursuit of high degrees of organizational cognition in order to manage high levels of environmental complexity and uncertainty. Grounded in these views, this paper presents a model of the organization as a set of fuzzy abilities. From all these backgrounds, this research opens new directions for future research on organizational abilities which subsume cognition, intelligence, autonomy, learning and knowledge management as important elements of organizational analysis.
Arithmetic and logic operations with DNA

The use of DNA molecules to solve hard computational problems has been demonstrated in recent studies. However, the question of suitability of DNA for solving simple computer operations, such as boolean or arithmetic operations, has largely been unaddressed. Incorporation of these operations in DNA computing is essential for solving a wide range of applications. We present a fixed bit encoding scheme, modeling the input/output mechanisms of an electronic computer, and show how a sequence of such operations can be executed in a single test tube producing a unique result.
The bacterial effectors EspG and EspG2 induce a destructive calpain activity that is kept in check by the co-delivered Tir effector

Bacterial pathogens deliver multiple effector proteins into eukaryotic cells to subvert host cellular processes and an emerging theme is the cooperation between different effectors. Here, we reveal that a fine balance exists between effectors that are delivered by enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) which, if perturbed can have marked consequences on the outcome of the infection. We show that absence of the EPEC effector Tir confers onto the bacterium a potent ability to destroy polarized intestinal epithelia through extensive host cell detachment. This process was dependent on the EPEC effectors EspG and EspG2 through their activation of the host cysteine protease calpain. EspG and EspG2 are shown to activate calpain during EPEC infection, which increases significantly in the absence of Tir – leading to rapid host cell loss and necrosis. These findings reveal a new function for EspG and EspG2 and show that Tir, independent of its bacterial ligand Intimin, is essential for maintaining the integrity of the epithelium during EPEC infection by keeping the destructive activity of EspG and EspG2 in check.
Critical Review: Effects of errorless learning on object naming and face-name associations in early-stage Alzheimer's disease

This critical review examines the evidence regarding the effects of errorless learning on improving object naming and face-name associations among persons with early-stage Alzheimer’s disease. A literature search was completed and yielded nine studies with the following research designs: nonrandomized clinical trial, within-subjects designs, single subject designs, and systematic reviews. Overall, the results of these studies demonstrate that errorless learning has beneficial effects on learning object names and face-name associations; however, a distinct advantage of errorless learning over other therapeutic methods has not been determined. The clinical implications of these findings as well as future recommendations are discussed.
Global supply chain risk management strategies

– Global supply chains are more risky than domestic supply chains due to numerous links interconnecting a wide network of firms. These links are prone to disruptions, bankruptcies, breakdowns, macroeconomic and political changes, and disasters leading to higher risks and making risk management difficult. The purpose of this paper is to explore the phenomenon of risk management and risk management strategies in global supply chains. , – This paper is based on an extensive literature review and a qualitative study comprising 14 in‐depth interviews and a focus group meeting with senior supply chain executives. , – The study provides insights into the applicability of six risk management strategies with respect to environmental conditions and the role of three moderators. , – The model is developed in a global manufacturing supply chain context. It should be tested in other contexts and with other methods to provide generalizability. The study takes a much needed step toward building a theory of risk management in global supply chains, which opens important future research directions. , – This research provides direction to managers for choosing risk management strategies based on the global supply chain environment. Moderators have practical implications for global supply chain managers. , – The paper addresses an identified gap in the literature for selecting risk management strategies in global supply chains. It employs grounded theory, a methodology appropriate for theory‐building, to explore a phenomenon with an inadequate theoretical base.
Value of probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) and dual focus narrow-band imaging (dNBI) in diagnosing early squamous cell neoplasms in esophageal Lugol’s voiding lesions

Background and study aims: Lugol’s chromoendoscopy provides excellent sensitivity for the detection of early esophageal squamous cell neoplasms (ESCN), but its specificity is suboptimal. An endoscopy technique for real-time histology is required to decrease the number of unnecessary biopsies. This study aimed to compare the ESCN diagnostic capability of probed-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) and dual focus narrow-band imaging (dNBI) in Lugol’s voiding lesions. Patients and methods: Patients with a history of head and neck cancer without dysphagia were recruited. Lugol’s voiding lesions larger than 5 mm were sequentially characterized by dNBI and pCLE by two independent operators. Finally, all lesions larger than 5 mm were biopsied followed by histological analysis, which is considered to be the gold standard in cancer diagnosis. The primary outcomes were the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and the accuracy of the two techniques. Results: In total, 44 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 60 years; 80 % were male. Twenty-one Lugol’s voiding lesions larger than 5 mm were detected in 12 patients. Seven lesions (33 %) from four patients were histologically diagnosed as ESCNs (four with high grade dysplasia and three with low grade dysplasia). The other 14 lesions were histologically confirmed as non-neoplastic: active esophagitis, glycogenation with inflammation, acute ulcer, inlet patch, and unremarkable changes. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of pCLE vs. dNBI were 83 % vs. 85 %, 92 % vs. 62 %, 83 % vs. 54 %, 92 % vs. 89 %, and 89 % vs. 70 %, respectively (NS). Conclusions: Asymptomatic patients with a history of head and neck cancer underwent Lugol’s chromoendoscopy based ESCN surveillance. Further characterization of the Lugol’s voiding lesions by advanced imaging showed that both pCLE and dNBI provided good sensitivity in diagnosing ESCN, and pCLE tended to provide higher specificity, PPV, and accuracy than dNBI. Perhaps the trend of lower specificity of dNBI in this study was possibly because of the interference from Lugol’s stain on the interpretation of intrapapillary capillary loops (IPCLs). Further study is required to seek a significant difference in the performance of dNBI and pCLE in a larger group of patients.
Predicting phase equilibria in polydisperse systems

Many materials containing colloids or polymers are polydisperse: they comprise particles with properties (such as particle diameter, charge, or polymer chain length) that depend continuously on one or several parameters. This review focuses on the theoretical prediction of phase equilibria in polydisperse systems; the presence of an effectively infinite number of distinguishable particle species makes this a highly non-trivial task. I first describe qualitatively some of the novel features of polydisperse phase behaviour, and outline a theoretical framework within which they can be explored. Current techniques for predicting polydisperse phase equilibria are then reviewed. I also discuss applications to some simple model systems including homopolymers and random copolymers, spherical colloids and colloid-polymer mixtures, and liquid crystals formed from rod- and plate-like colloidal particles; the results surveyed give an idea of the rich phenomenology of polydisperse phase behaviour. Extensions to the study of polydispersity effects on interfacial behaviour and phase separation kinetics are outlined briefly.
Alternative 5’ Untranslated Regions Are Involved in Expression Regulation of Human Heme Oxygenase-1

The single nucleotide polymorphism rs2071746 and a (GT)n microsatellite within the human gene encoding heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) are associated with incidence or outcome in a variety of diseases. Most of these associations involve either release of heme or oxidative stress. Both polymorphisms are localized in the promoter region, but previously reported correlations with heme oxygenase-1 expression remain not coherent. This ambiguity suggests a more complex organization of the 5’ gene region which we sought to investigate more fully. We evaluated the 5‘ end of HMOX1 and found a novel first exon 1a placing the two previously reported polymorphisms in intronic or exonic positions within the 5’ untranslated region respectively. Expression of exon 1a can be induced in HepG2 hepatoma cells by hemin and is a repressor of heme oxygenase-1 translation as shown by luciferase reporter assays. Moreover, minigene approaches revealed that the quantitative outcome of alternative splicing within the 5’ untranslated region is affected by the (GT)n microsatellite. This data supporting an extended HMOX1 gene model and provide further insights into expression regulation of heme oxygenase-1. Alternative splicing within the HMOX1 5' untranslated region contributes to translational regulation and is a mechanistic feature involved in the interplay between genetic variations, heme oxygenase-1 expression and disease outcome.
Improvement of WLAN Contention Resolution by Loss Differentiation

In a realistic WLAN environment, frame losses may be caused by collisions or channel noise. The existence of noise-induced losses reduces the effectiveness of the standard WLAN backoff algorithm for contention resolution, which assumes that all losses are caused by collisions and always doubles the contention window to reduce contention upon a frame loss. In this paper, we propose new backoff algorithms that take advantage of a new capability to differentiate the losses, and thereby sharpen the accuracy of the contention resolution process. Analytical models are developed to analyze the performance of these algorithms under heterogeneous link conditions in a WLAN. Both analysis and simulation results show that significant improvement of throughput and fairness can be obtained for WLANs in which contention resolution is. enhanced by the loss differentiation ability
Average-Consensus Algorithms in a Deterministic Framework

We consider the average-consensus problem in a multi-node network of finite size. Communication between nodes is modeled by a sequence of directed signals with arbitrary communication delays. Four distributed algorithms that achieve average-consensus are proposed. Necessary and sufficient communication conditions are given for each algorithm to achieve average-consensus. Resource costs for each algorithm are derived based on the number of scalar values that are required for communication and storage at each node. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the empirical convergence rate of the four algorithms in comparison with a well-known "gossip" algorithm as well as a randomized information spreading algorithm when assuming a fully connected random graph with instantaneous communication.
Mental Toughness and Success in Sport: A Review and Prospect

Background : Mental toughness (MT) is often referred to as one of the most important psychological attributes underpinning the success of athletes. Although selected studies have examined this common supposition, research in this area has yet to be synthesized. Objective : The purpose of this study was to review the quantitative literature on MT, competitive standard, achievement level, and performance (competitive and non-competitive) in sport. Method : Searches using a specified key term were performed in 10 databases during August 2016. Following an initial screening of the unique records that were identified (N = 1025), 19 peer-reviewed articles met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the review. Results : The majority of MT-competitive standard studies (N = 10) found total (66.7%) or subcomponent (71.4%) MT differences, with mentally tougher athletes participating at higher levels of competition. Of the remaining studies (N = 9), most indicated (77.8%) mentally tougher athletes tend to achieve more or perform better. Conclusion : Collectively, the results point to mentally tougher athletes’ superior levels of success. The findings are discussed alongside the limitations associated with this part of the current MT in sport literature, with several important areas outlined for scholars to consider and pursue when conducting future research.
LINKAGE OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS TO THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY LOCUS IN THE RAT

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in rats of various genotypes by injection of 10 µg guinea pig basic protein in complete Freund's adjuvant containing 100 µg H37 RV M. tuberculosis. Histologically verified EAE was present in 20/20 Lewis, 17/17 (Lewis x BN)F1, 9/9 Lewis backcross, and 21/42 BN backcross rats. Among the BN backcross animals, 25/42 were determined to carry the major histocompatibility type characteristic of the Lewis strain and 21 of these had EAE. Separate groups of Lewis, BN, and (Lewis x BN)F1 rats were immunized as described and skin tested on day 13 with 10 µg guinea pig basic protein and rat S basic protein. Animals of each genotype had Arthus and delayed skin reactivity to both antigens. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that susceptibility to EAE in rats is controlled by an autosomal dominant gene linked to the major histocompatibility locus. It is proposed that this is an immune response gene, designated Ir-EAE, which controls T cell reactivity directed against a highly encephalitogenic portion of the basic protein molecule.
Spatiotemporal Structures and Mechanisms of the Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation in the Indo-Pacific Warm Ocean Regions*

Abstract The observed structure and seasonal evolution characteristics of the tropospheric biennial oscillation (TBO) in the warm ocean areas of the Indo-Pacific region are explored using a seasonal-sequence EOF analysis approach. The major convective activity centers associated with the TBO appear in the southeast Indian Ocean (SEIO) and western North Pacific (WNP), accompanied by anticyclonic (or cyclonic) circulation patterns with a first-baroclinic-mode structure. The convection and circulation anomalies have distinctive life cycles in the SEIO and WNP: the former have a peak phase in northern fall and the latter persist from northern winter to subsequent summer. The mechanisms of the TBO in this region are investigated with a hybrid coupled GCM. Numerical results show that air–sea interaction in the warm ocean alone can support TBO variability that has many observed characteristics. Key processes involved in the TBO include the WNP monsoon variability and associated cross-equatorial flows, convective.
Evaluation of Dipstick Serologic Tests for Diagnosis of Brucellosis and Typhoid Fever in Egypt

ABSTRACT Two dipstick assays for the detection of Brucella- and typhoid-specific immunoglobulin M, recently developed by the Royal Tropical Institute of The Netherlands, were evaluated by use of 85 plasma samples from Egyptian patients. Both dipsticks were simple and accurate rapid diagnostic assays, and they can be useful adjuncts for the diagnosis of typhoid fever and brucellosis.
Stellar models for very low‐mass main‐sequence stars: the role of model atmospheres

We present very low-mass stellar models as computed using non-grey model atmospheres for selected assumptions about the stellar metallicities. The role of atmospheres is discussed and the models are compared with models based on the Eddington approximation, and with similar models that have appeared in the recent literature. Theoretical predictions concerning both the HR diagram location and the mass-luminosity relation are presented and discussed in terms of expectations in selected photometric bands. Comparison with available observational data concerning both galactic globular clusters and dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood reveals a satisfactory agreement together with the existence of some residual mismatches.