Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pericytes Regulate Vascular Basement Membrane Remodeling and Govern Neutrophil Extravasation during Inflammation

During inflammation polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) traverse venular walls, composed of the endothelium, pericyte sheath and vascular basement membrane. Compared to PMN transendothelial migration, little is known about how PMNs penetrate the latter barriers. Using mouse models and intravital microscopy, we show that migrating PMNs expand and use the low expression regions (LERs) of matrix proteins in the vascular basement membrane (BM) for their transmigration. Importantly, we demonstrate that this remodeling of LERs is accompanied by the opening of gaps between pericytes, a response that depends on PMN engagement with pericytes. Exploring how PMNs modulate pericyte behavior, we discovered that direct PMN-pericyte contacts induce relaxation rather than contraction of pericyte cytoskeletons, an unexpected response that is mediated by inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway in pericytes. Taking our in vitro results back into mouse models, we present evidence that pericyte relaxation contributes to the opening of the gaps between pericytes and to the enlargement of the LERs in the vascular BM, facilitating PMN extravasation. Our study demonstrates that pericytes can regulate PMN extravasation by controlling the size of pericyte gaps and thickness of LERs in venular walls. This raises the possibility that pericytes may be targeted in therapies aimed at regulating inflammation.
Above‐ground biomass assessment of Mediterranean forests using airborne imaging spectrometry: the DAIS Peyne experiment

In July of 1997, various experimental flights were carried out with the Digital Airborne Imaging Spectrometer (DAIS7915). DAIS7915, or DAIS for short, is a European airborne imaging spectrometer and is maintained and operated by the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) at Oberpfaffenhofen. One of the 1997 experimental sites was the Peyne catchment in southern France. The objectives of the experimental flight were to evaluate the technical performance of DAIS and to assess the feasibility of mapping the above‐ground biomass of the Mediterranean mixed oak forest. Field campaigns were organized to collect data for image calibration and for image interpretation and analyses. The technical performance of DAIS in 1997 was reasonable for visible and near‐infrared wavelengths. The images in short‐wave infrared showed severe striping due to aircraft engine vibrations. Signal‐to‐noise ratios were modest. Field biomass estimates at 83 locations were used to analyse the image spectra. Various well‐known spectral indices and a multiple regression analyses were tested for mapping above‐ground biomass. The multiple regression method yielded five spectral bands for biomass prediction. Based on the spatial distribution of the regression residuals, it was possible to indicate the reliability of the biomass prediction as a function of location and as a function of biomass level using geostatistics.
Acquisition of Japanese quantity contrasts by L1 Cantonese speakers

This article explores the acquisition of Japanese vowel and consonant quantity contrasts by Cantonese learners. Our goal is to examine whether transfer from first language (L1) is possible when L1 experience is phonemic but restricted to a small set of sounds (short vs. long vowels) and when the experience is non-phonemic, derived only at morpheme boundaries (short vs. long consonants). We recruited 20 Cantonese learners (beginner and advanced learners) and 5 native speakers of Japanese, who produced target stimuli varying in consonant and vowel quantity framed in a carrier sentence. The resultant data were converted into several durational ratios for analyses. Results showed that both the beginners and advanced learners were able to distinguish between short vs. long vowels and consonants in Japanese, but only the native speakers enhanced the contrasts in slower speech. It was also found that in most cases the learners were able to lengthen the vowel before a geminate (i.e. long consonant), a secondary cue to Japanese consonant quantity known to be rare across languages. These results are discussed in terms of current theories of second language acquisition.
Study on Supplier's Quality Supplying Competence Index in the Case of Multi-quality Characteristics without Excursion

Until today, there is no effective way to evaluate the quality level of the vendors comprehensively. However, the product quality of suppliers' is more important than before for more final products depend on purchased products. Some products have single quality character, however most products have multiple quality characteristics. How to evaluate the total quality level of the multiple quality characteristics product has puzzled people for a long time. The paper proposes and adopts quality supplying competence index to make a try. Supplier's quality supplying competence index about single quality character product has made some progress. But the same study on multiple quality characteristics product has not made progress. This paper firstly introduces the research progress of supplier's quality supplying competence index with a single quality characteristic, then develops a model to evaluate the supplier's quality supplying competence index (Cs) for the situation that the products has multiple quality characteristics, and gives an instance to prove the models' usability. Finally, basing on the evaluation of quality supplying competence, the paper studies the relationship between Cs and defective rate (p'), in order to help enterprises carry on dynamic management of their suppliers. Because of the complexity of the problem, the paper only studies the case that the tolerance centers and the distribution centers of all the quality characteristics are coincident.
Macular SD-OCT Outcome Measures: Comparison of Local Structure-Function Relationships and Dynamic Range

Purpose We tested the hypothesis that the macular ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness demonstrates a stronger structure-function (SF) relationship and extends the useful range of macular measurements compared with combined macular inner layer or full thickness. Methods Ninety-eight glaucomatous eyes and eight normal eyes with macular spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) volume scans and 10-2 visual fields were enrolled. Inner plexiform layer (IPL), GCL, macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL), ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), ganglion cell complex (GCC), and full thickness (FT) measurements were calculated for 8 × 8 arrays of 3° superpixels. Main outcome measures were local structure-function relationships between macular superpixels and corresponding sensitivities on 10-2 fields after adjusting for ganglion cell displacement, dynamic range of measurements, and the change point (total deviation value where macular parameters reached measurement floor). Results Median (interquartile range [IQR]) mean deviation was −7.2 (−11.6 to −3.2) dB in glaucoma eyes. Strength of SF relationships was highest for GCIPL, GCL, GCC, and IPL (ρ = 0.635, 0.627, 0.621, and 0.577, respectively; P ≤ 0.046 for comparisons against GCIPL). Highest SF correlations coincided with the peak of GCL thickness, where the dynamic range was widest for FT (81.1 μm), followed by GCC (65.7 μm), GCIPL (54.9 μm), GCL (35.2 μm), mRNFL (27.5 μm), and IPL (20.9 μm). Change points were similar for all macular parameters (−7.8 to −8.9 dB). Conclusions GCIPL, GCL, and GCC demonstrated comparable SF relationships while FT, GCC, and GCIPL had the widest dynamic range. Measurement of GCL did not extend the range of useful structural measurements. Measuring GCL does not provide any advantage for detection of progression with current SD-OCT technology.
Temptation and Revealed Preference

Gul and Pesendorfer [9] model the static behavior of an agent who ranks menus prior to the experience of temptation. This paper models the dy- namic behavior of an agent whose ranking of menus itself is subject to temptation. The representation for the agent? s dynamically inconsistent choice behavior views him as possessing a dynamically consistent view of what choices he "should" make (a normative preference) and being tempted by menus that contain tempting alternatives. Foundations for the model re- quire a departure from Gul and Pesendorfer's idea that temptation creates a preference for commitment. Instead, it is hypothesized that distancing an agent from the consequences of his choices separates normative preference and temptation.
Selective Recruitment or Voter Neglect? Race, Place, and Voter Mobilization in 2016

Abstract This paper takes up the question of who asks racial-ethnic minority voters to vote, relative to white voters? We examine more closely the targeted mobilization strategies in the 2016 Presidential election cycle and highlight the roles of race, demographic context, and mobilization source on patterns of reported mobilization. Utilizing the 2016 Collaborative Multi-Racial Post-Election Survey we model the impact of demographic profiles on the probability of mobilization by white mobilizers and compare that to mobilization by minorities. Our analysis suggests that even when controlling for battleground context and likely voter characteristics, minority voters are neglected, but this is contingent on the racial demographics of those doing the mobilizing. These findings shed light on the discrepancy of turnout across racial and ethnic groups in the United States
The Relationship Between Spirituality in Workplace, Organizational Commitment and Professional Ethics Among Girl’s Senior High School Teachers

Background: Along with growth of attention to spirituality in workplace, this question “what is the meaning and effects of spirituality in workplace” came up. Objectives: To investigate the relationship between spirituality in a workplace, organizational commitment, and professional ethics among girl senior high school teachers in Neka city-Iran. Methods: A sample of 90 teachers who had 5 years of experience of teaching participated in a descriptive-relational study. Data gathering process was done using spirituality in workplace, organizational commitment, and professional ethic questionnaires. Pearson Correlation Coefficient tests were used for data analysis. Results: There was a significant relationship between spirituality in workplace and dimensions of organizational commitment and professional ethics [(r = 0.556, 0.482, 0.328 n = 90, P = 0.000), (r = 0.570, 0.375, 0.318, 0.356 n = 90, P = 0.000) respectively]. Also, there was a significant correlation between spirituality in workplace, organizational commitment and professional ethics (r = 0.466, 0.449, n = 90, P = 0.000). Conclusion: The more spirituality in the work place among teachers would cause a growth in organizational commitment and professional ethics and vice versa. Accordingly, educational organizations need to pay attention to teachers’ mental and spiritual needs, so they can do their jobs with perseverance, commitment, and seriousness.
Title An fMRI Investigation of the Effects of Belief in Free Will on Third-Party Punishment Running title Belief in free will and third-party punishment Author affiliation

Author affiliation Frank Krueger, Morris Hoffman, Henrik Walter, Jordan Grafman 1 Molecular Neuroscience Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA 2 Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA 3 District Judge, Second Judicial District, State of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA 4 Member, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Law and Neuroscience, Nashville, TN, USA 5 Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Germany 6 Brain Injury Research Program, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Quantising Opinions for Political Tweets Analysis

There have been increasing interests in recent years in analyzing tweet messages relevant to political events so as to understand public opinions towards certain political issues. We analyzed tweet messages crawled during the eight weeks leading to the UK General Election in May 2010 and found that activities at Twitter is not necessarily a good predictor of popularity of political parties. We then proceed to propose a statistical model for sentiment detection with side information such as emoticons and hash tags implying tweet polarities being incorporated. Our results show that sentiment analysis based on a simple keyword matching against a sentiment lexicon or a supervised classifier trained with distant supervision does not correlate well with the actual election results. However, using our proposed statistical model for sentiment analysis, we were able to map the public opinion in Twitter with the actual offline sentiment in real world.
Criminal record checking and employment: The importance of policy and proximity

Employment is essential to the rehabilitation of offenders, yet employers routinely check criminal records and rely on them to deny offenders employment. To manage these practices many jurisdictions use spent conviction and anti-discrimination schemes; there have also been recent campaigns aimed at ‘banning the box’, requiring that questions about criminal record are deferred to a later point when the person could address them in interview. This article draws on findings from surveys and interviews with human resources personnel about their criminal record checking practices to identify some key concerns of employers and highlight areas for challenging employer practices. The study highlights the influence on employment decisions of external factors – legislation, government policy and industry regulation – and of internal considerations about proximity of the decision maker to the applicant and potential proximity to other staff. The willingness of some employers to engage with applicants opens up the possibilities for people with a criminal record to demonstrate their readiness to desist from offending and to counter stereotypes about offenders. Where there is no scope for, or willingness to attempt, such discretionary engagement, however, it is likely that employers will prioritize a risk-averse approach to employment, pre-emptively excluding potentially productive employees, and putting such ex-offenders at risk of deeper exclusion.
SECOND-ORDER SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS FOR ERROR BOUNDS IN BANACH SPACES

Recently, Huang and Ng presented second-order sufficient conditions for error bounds of continuous and Gâteaux differentiable functions in Banach spaces. Wu and Ye dropped the assumption of Huang and Ng on Gâteaux differentiability but required the space to be a Hilbert space. We carry on this research in two directions. First we extend Wu and Ye’s result to some non-Hilbert spaces; second, same as Huang and Ng, we work on Banach spaces but provide different second-order sufficient conditions that may allow the function to be non-Gâteaux differentiable.
Application of the split‐gradient method to 3D image deconvolution in fluorescence microscopy

The methods of image deconvolution are important for improving the quality of the detected images in the different modalities of fluorescence microscopy such as wide‐field, confocal, two‐photon excitation and 4Pi. Because deconvolution is an ill‐posed problem, it is, in general, reformulated in a statistical framework such as maximum likelihood or Bayes and reduced to the minimization of a suitable functional, more precisely, to a constrained minimization, because non‐negativity of the solution is an important requirement. Next, iterative methods are designed for approximating such a solution.
Frequency and difficulty in caregiving among spouses of individuals with cancer: effects of adult attachment and gender

How caregivers relate to care recipients can affect how well care is provided and how much burden is experienced in providing it. We conceptualized the relationship of spousal caregivers via adult attachment theory and examined how attachment qualities of caregivers related to level of caregiving involvement and difficulties in caregiving. Gender differences in the associations were also explored. From participants in the ACS Quality of Life Survey for Caregivers, 400 spousal caregivers provided valid data for the study variables. Findings indicated that frequency of various types of care was a joint function of attachment orientation and gender. In contrast, the difficulty that caregivers experienced in providing care related directly to attachment, without moderation by gender. Our findings suggest that ineffective caregivers of cancer patients, who can be identified by their attachment orientation and/or gender, may benefit from educational programs to improve their caregiving skills and to encourage them to utilize resources from other family members or community. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advancing support for gender equality among women in Mexico: Significance of labor force participation

Improvements in women’s support for gender equality have for long been a crucial component of social policies in developing countries such as Mexico. Women’s entry into the labor force is associated with higher levels of support for gender equality. It can be expected that working women are more supportive of gender equality than nonworking women. However, the gap in support for gender equality between employed women and full-time housewives could derive from differences in their education level, age, and level of support within the household rather than from their employment-related characteristics. Using the Blinder–Oaxaca method, this article decomposes the impact of women’s participation in the labor market and socioeconomic characteristics on women’s support for gender equality in Mexico. Results of this study suggest that a large share of the difference in levels of support for gender equality between nonworking and working women may be attributed to broad-level socioeconomic changes.
Detection of Cronobacter Genus in Powdered Infant Formula by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay Using Anti-Cronobacter Antibody

Cronobacter species (Cronobacter spp.) are hazardous foodborne pathogens associated with baby food, powdered infant formula (PIF). To develop a rapid and sensitive method for simultaneous detection of seven Cronobacter spp. in PIF, an indirect non-competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (INC-ELISA) was developed based on a novel immunoglobulin G (IgG), anti-Cronobacter IgG. The developed INC-ELISA was able to detect seven Cronobacter spp. at concentrations ranging from (5.6 ± 0.30) × 103 to (2.1 ± 0.01) × 105 colony forming unit (CFU)/mL in pure culture. Further, INC-ELISA employing anti-Cronobacter IgG was applicable for analysis of PIF samples contaminated with less than <10 cells of Cronobacter spp. per 25 g of PIF in 36 h. The developed antibody showed slight cross-reactivity with Franconibacter pulveris (LMG 24057) at high concentration (108 CFU/mL). The INC-ELISA method displayed excellent specificity without compromising cross-reactivity with other foodborne pathogens. The INC-ELISA assay method developed in this study using a novel anti-Cronobacter IgG facilitated highly sensitive, efficient, and rapid detection of Cronobacter spp. in baby food.
Hackers topology matter geography: Mapping the dynamics of repeated system trespassing events networks

This study focuses on the spatial context of hacking to networks of Honey-pots. We investigate the relationship between topological positions and geographic positions of victimized computers and system trespassers. We've deployed research Honeypots on the computer networks of two academic institutions, collected information on successful brute force attacks (BFA) and system trespassing events (sessions), and used Social Network Analysis (SNA) techniques, to depict and understand the correlation between spatial attributes (IP addresses) and hacking networks' topology. We mapped and explored hacking patterns and found that geography might set the behavior of the attackers as well as the topology of hacking networks. The contribution of this study stems from the fact that there are no prior studies of geographical influences on the topology of hacking networks and from the unique usage of SNA to investigate hacking activities. Looking ahead, our study can assist policymakers in forming effective policies in the field of cybercrime.
Hi, magic closet, tell me what to wear!

In this paper, we aim at a practical system, magic closet, for automatic occasion-oriented clothing recommendation. Given a user-input occasion, e.g., wedding, shopping or dating, magic closet intelligently suggests the most suitable clothing from the user's own clothing photo album, or automatically pairs the user-specified reference clothing (upper-body or lower-body) with the most suitable one from online shops. Two key criteria are explicitly considered for the magic closet system. One criterion is to wear properly, e.g., compared to suit pants, it is more decent to wear a cocktail dress for a banquet occasion. The other criterion is to wear aesthetically, e.g., a red T-shirt matches better white pants than green pants. To narrow the semantic gap between the low-level features of clothing and the high-level occasion categories, we adopt middle-level clothing attributes (e.g., clothing category, color, pattern) as a bridge. More specifically, the clothing attributes are treated as latent variables in our proposed latent Support Vector Machine (SVM) based recommendation model. The wearing properly criterion is described in the model through a feature-occasion potential and an attribute-occasion potential, while the wearing aesthetically criterion is expressed by an attribute-attribute potential. To learn a generalize-well model and comprehensively evaluate it, we collect a large clothing What-to-Wear (WoW) dataset, and thoroughly annotate the whole dataset with 7 multi-value clothing attributes and 10 occasion categories via Amazon Mechanic Turk. Extensive experiments on the WoW dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the magic closet system for both occasion-oriented clothing recommendation and pairing.