Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Five-Level Emergency Severity Index Triage System Compared With Three-Level Spot Check: An Iranian Experience

Background: Triage for patients’ prioritization in the emergency department is a suitable solution to decrease overcrowding. Different methods are used for prioritization that needs effectiveness evaluation. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the emergency severity index (ESI) 5-level triage system in contrast with spot check triage. Patients and Methods: Data for this quasi-experimental study were extracted using a form to review 770 records of patients referred to emergency department of Imam Khomeini hospital (in Sari, north of Iran) during two separated periods each for four months; the first from 20th March to 19th July 2010 and the other from 21 March to 20 July 2011. The method used in the first time was spot check triage and the second one ESI triage. Data were processed with descriptive statistics and analyzed using independent samples t-test (CI = 95%). Results: Increase from 6.46 to 8.92 minutes in the average time from patient arrival to being visited by a physician (P < 0.001) and increase in average time from physician visit to receive the first nursing care from 7.68 to 15.89 minutes were significant (P < 0.001). The average waiting time for laboratory services was significantly decreased from 112.3 to 84.1 (P = 0.033). Increase in the average waiting time for radiology, decrease in average waiting time for sonography, average length of stay in the emergency department, and number of patients per emergency bed were not significant. Conclusions: Between the two systems of triage, ESI was more effective than the spot check and in the spatial and temporal domain of research, was a successful method in improving some indicators of emergency and improving the performance indices. Hospital managers by implementation of ESI system can take a step toward new health policies and improve the processes as key tools of continuous quality improvement system.
Similarity evaluation on tree-structured data

Tree-structured data are becoming ubiquitous nowadays and manipulating them based on similarity is essential for many applications. The generally accepted similarity measure for trees is the edit distance. Although similarity search has been extensively studied, searching for similar trees is still an open problem due to the high complexity of computing the tree edit distance. In this paper, we propose to transform tree-structured data into an approximate numerical multidimensional vector which encodes the original structure information. We prove that the L1 distance of the corresponding vectors, whose computational complexity is O(|T1| + |T2|), forms a lower bound for the edit distance between trees. Based on the theoretical analysis, we describe a novel algorithm which embeds the proposed distance into a filter-and-refine framework to process similarity search on tree-structured data. The experimental results show that our algorithm reduces dramatically the distance computation cost. Our method is especially suitable for accelerating similarity query processing on large trees in massive datasets.
Closed and Open Loop Subspace System Identification of the Kalman Filter

Some methods for consistent closed loop subspace system identication presented in the literature are analyzed and compared to a recently published subspace algorithm for both open as well as for closed loop data, the DSR e algorithm. Some new variants of this algorithm are presented and discussed. Simulation experiments are included in order to illustrate if the algorithms are variance ecient or not.
Improvements in RWTH's System for Off-Line Handwriting Recognition

In this paper we describe a novel HMM-based system for off-line handwriting recognition. We adapt successful techniques from the domains of large vocabulary speech recognition and image object recognition: moment-based image normalization, writer adaptation, discriminative feature extraction and training, and open-vocabulary recognition. We evaluate those methods and examine their cumulative effect on the recognition performance. The final system outperforms current state-of-the-art approaches on two standard evaluation corpora for English and French handwriting.
BLACK HOLE GROWTH AND ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI OBSCURATION BY INSTABILITY-DRIVEN INFLOWS IN HIGH-REDSHIFT DISK GALAXIES FED BY COLD STREAMS

Disk galaxies at high redshift have been predicted to maintain high gas surface densities due to continuous feeding by intense cold streams leading to violent gravitational instability, transient features, and giant clumps. Gravitational torques between the perturbations drive angular momentum out and mass in, and the inflow provides the energy for keeping strong turbulence. We use analytic estimates of the inflow for a self-regulated unstable disk at a Toomre stability parameter Q ∼ 1, and isolated galaxy simulations capable of resolving the nuclear inflow down to the central parsec. We predict an average inflow rate ∼10 M☉ yr−1 through the disk of a 1011 M☉ galaxy, with conditions representative of z ∼ 2 stream-fed disks. The inflow rate scales with disk mass and (1 + z)3/2. It includes clump migration and inflow of the smoother component, valid even if clumps disrupt. This inflow grows the bulge, while only a fraction of ≳ 10−3 of it needs to accrete onto a central black hole (BH), in order to obey the observed BH–bulge relation. A galaxy of 1011 M☉ at z ∼ 2 is expected to host a BH of ∼108 M☉, accreting on average with moderate sub-Eddington luminosity LX ∼ 1042–1043 erg s−1, accompanied by brighter episodes when dense clumps coalesce. We note that in rare massive galaxies at z ∼ 6, the same process may feed ∼109 M☉ BH at the Eddington rate. High central gas column densities can severely obscure active galactic nuclei in high-redshift disks, possibly hindering their detection in deep X-ray surveys.
14,15-EET induces the infiltration and tumor-promoting function of neutrophils to trigger the growth of minimal dormant metastases

Infiltrating neutrophils are known to promote in thedevelopment of tumor. However, it is unclear whether and how neutrophils areinvolved in triggering the growth of dormant metastases. Here we show that14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (14,15-EET) can trigger the growth of dormantmicrometastases by inducing neutrophilic infiltration and converting neutrophilfunction. 14,15-EET triggered neutrophil infiltration in metastatic lesions byactivating STAT3 and JNK pathways to induce the expression of human IL-8 andmurine CXCL15 in corresponding tumor cells. The continuous expression ofhIL-8/mCXCL15 was maintained by the sustained and enhanced activation of JNKpathway. 14,15-EET up-regulated miR-155 expression by activating STAT3 and JNKpathways. miR-155 in turn down-regulated the expression of SHIP1 and DET1, thusaugmenting the activation of JNK and c-Jun. Moreover, the function ofneutrophils was converted from tumor-suppressing to tumor-promoting by14,15-EET in vivo. By inducing the production of G-CSF/IL-6 in vivo, 14,15-EET induced the enhancement of STAT3 activation in neutrophilsto increase MMP-9 expression and decrease TRAIL expression. Neutrophil-derivedMMP-9 was required for 14,15-EET to induce angiogenesis during the growth ofdormant micrometastases. Depleting neutrophils or inhibiting hIL-8/mCXCL15up-regulation resulted in the failure of 14,15-EET to promote the developmentof micrometastases. These findings reveal a mechanism through which theinfiltration and tumor-promoting function of neutrophils could be induced totrigger the growth of dormant metastases, which might be a driving force forthe tumor recurrence based on dormant metastases.
Detecting Central Region in Weld Beads of DWDI Radiographic Images Using PSO

This paper presents a methodology to detect the central region of weld beads on petroleum pipelines in double wall double image DWDI radiographic images. The method is based on three steps: pre-processing to isolate selected regions, optimization to define the ellipse that best fits in selected region, and decision to choose the best region. Results show that the Particle Swarm Optimization PSO algorithm converges satisfactorily to the selection of the region that is most similar to the central region of the weld on the optimization and decision steps to balance the weights of the classifier. The scientific contribution of this research is the improvement of the method applied in the search of candidate regions through ellipses' attributes analysis.
Urethral recess dilatation in a Charolais-cross bull calf.

A four-month-old 160 kg Charolais-cross bull calf Awas evaluated due to a mid-line perineal swelling. The duration of the lesion was unknown, because the calf had been purchased recently from a sale barn. The calf had a normal temperature, pulse, and respiration, and was in fair bodily condition. A fluctuant swelling (8 cm x 15 cm) was palpated in the midperineal region. During urination, the proximal urethra pulsed
Welfare Effects of a Monetary Union: the Role of Trade Openness

This paper evaluates the welfare effects of a monetary union (MU), compared to a oating exchange rate regime, using a quantitative business cycle model of a two-country world with sticky prices. It is assumed that, under a oat, there are shocks to the uncovered interest rate parity (UIP) condition. These shocks are shown to have a negative effect on welfare—the detrimental effect is stronger, the higher the degree of trade openness. A MU eliminates UIP shocks, and it may thus raise welfare. The welfare gain from MU is positively linked to openness.
Arthropod remains in the oral cavities of fossil reptiles support inference of early insectivory

Inference of feeding preferences in fossil terrestrial vertebrates (tetrapods) has been drawn predominantly from craniodental morphology, and less so from fossil specimens preserving conclusive evidence of diet in the form of oral and/or gut contents. Recently, the pivotal role of insectivory in tetrapod evolution was emphasized by the identification of putative insectivores as the closest relatives of the oldest known herbivorous amniotes. We provide the first compelling evidence for insectivory among early tetrapods on the basis of two 280-million-year-old (late Palaeozoic) fossil specimens of a new species of acleistorhinid parareptile with preserved arthropod cuticle on their toothed palates. Their dental morphology, consisting of homodont marginal dentition with cutting edges and slightly recurved tips, is consistent with an insectivorous diet. The intimate association of arthropod cuticle with the oral region of two small reptiles, from a rich fossil locality that has otherwise not produced invertebrate remains, strongly supports the inference of insectivory in the reptiles. These fossils lend additional support to the hypothesis that the origins and earliest stages of higher vertebrate evolution are associated with relatively small terrestrial insectivores.
Inter‐laboratory validation of the modified murine local lymph node assay based on 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine incorporation

The murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) is a well‐established alternative to the guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) or Buehler test (BT) for the assessment of the skin sensitizing ability of a drug, cosmetic material, pesticide or industrial chemical. Instead of radioisotope using in this method, Takeyoshi M. et al. ( 2001 ) has developed a modified LLNA based on the 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation (LLNA:BrdU‐ELISA). The LLNA:BrdU‐ELISA is practically identical to the LLNA methodology excluding the use of BrdU, for which a single intraperitoneal injection of BrdU is made on day 4, and colorimetric detection of cell turnover. We conducted the validation study to evaluate the reliability and relevance of LLNA:BrdU‐ELISA.
Beyond Movie Recommendations: Solving the Continuous Cold Start Problem in E-commerceRecommendations

Many e-commerce websites use recommender systems or personalized rankers to personalize search results based on their previous interactions. However, a large fraction of users has no prior inter-actions, making it impossible to use collaborative filtering or rely on user history for personalization. Even the most active users mayvisit only a few times a year and may have volatile needs or different personas, making their personal history a sparse and noisy signal at best. This paper investigates how, when we cannot rely on the user history, the large scale availability of other user interactions still allows us to build meaningful profiles from the contextual data and whether such contextual profiles are useful to customize the ranking, exemplified by data from a major online travel agentBooking.com. Our main findings are threefold: First, we characterize the Continuous Cold Start Problem(CoCoS) from the viewpoint of typical e-commerce applications. Second, as explicit situational con-text is not available in typical real world applications, implicit cues from transaction logs used at scale can capture essential features of situational context. Third, contextual user profiles can be created offline, resulting in a set of smaller models compared to a single huge non-contextual model, making contextual ranking available with negligible CPU and memory footprint. Finally we conclude that, in an online A/B test on live users, our contextual ranker in-creased user engagement substantially over a non-contextual base-line, with click-through-rate (CTR) increased by 20%. This clearly demonstrates the value of contextual user profiles in a real world application.
A Delphi Study to Understand Relational Bonds in Supervision and Their Effect on Rehabilitation Counselor Disclosure in the Public Rehabilitation Program.

The scholarly literature surrounding counselor supervision suggests that relational bonds built on liking, trusting, and caring between supervisors and counselors positively impact counselor willingness to disclose practice errors and ethical issues in supervision. This Delphi study explored the opinions of expert public rehabilitation supervisors regarding issues that affect the development and maintenance of relational bonds, as well as what factors affect counselor willingness to disclose in supervision, particularly minor ethical issues that may become more serious if not openly addressed. Forty-three supervisors who met the study criteria for experts were nominated for participation by TACE directors and public VR administrators. Expert criteria included five or more years of counselor supervision experience, possession of a Master’s degree in Rehabilitation Counseling or related fields, and previous supervision training. This Delphi study was designed to solicit the insights of expert supervisors and add to the base of research knowledge concerning counselor supervision. The study is significant because it is the first of its kind to be pursued exclusively among public rehabilitation supervisors exploring how relational bonds, counselor disclosure, and ethics are integrated into rehabilitation counseling practice. Experts submitted their input using online questionnaires and were anonymous to other group members. In Round One, experts answered four open-ended questions regarding bonds and disclosure. In Rounds Two and Three, they ranked the importance of 39 Likert-scaled questions developed from Round One responses. Means and standard deviations were calculated for each round, and significance was tested using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The major findings of this Delphi study were that trust has the most impact on the development of relational bonds, and that anticipated supervisor reactions are the biggest factor in counselor disclosure. Experts rated availability and fairness as the most important factors for bond development, and cultivation of trust as the highest-ranked
Cost-Effective Congestion Management for Interconnection Networks Using Distributed Deterministic Routing

The Interconnection networks are essential elements in current computing systems. For this reason, achieving the best network performance, even in congestion situations, has been a primary goal in recent years. In that sense, there exist several techniques focused on eliminating the main negative effect of congestion: the Head of Line (HOL) blocking. One of the most successful HOL blocking elimination techniques is RECN, which can be applied in source routing networks. FBICM follows the same approach as RECN, but it has been developed for distributed deterministic routing networks. Although FBICM effectively eliminates HOL blocking, it requires too much resources to be implemented. In this paper we present a new FBICM version, based on a new organization of switch memory resources, that significantly reduces the required silicon area, complexity and cost. Moreover, we present new results about FBICM, in network topologies not yet analyzed. From the experiment results we can conclude that a far less complex and feasible FBICM implementation can be achieved by using the proposed improvements, while not losing efficiency.
EURObservational Research Programme: the Chronic Ischaemic Cardiovascular Disease Registry: Pilot phase (CICD-PILOT).

AIMS Chronic ischaemic cardiovascular disease (CICD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The primary objective of the CICD-Pilot registry was to describe the clinical characteristics and management modalities across Europe in a broad spectrum of patients with CICD. METHODS AND RESULTS The CICD-Pilot registry is an international prospective observational longitudinal registry, conducted in 100 centres from 10 countries selected to reflect the diversity of health systems and care attitudes across Europe. From April 2013 to December 2014, 2420 consecutive CICD patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (n = 755) and chronic stable coronary artery disease (n = 1464), of whom 933 (63.7%) were planned for elective coronary intervention, or with peripheral artery disease (PAD) (n = 201), were enrolled (30.5% female patients). Mean age was 66.6 ± 10.9 years. The following risk factors were reported: smoking 54.6%, diabetes mellitus 29.2%, hypertension 82.6%, and hypercholesterolaemia 74.1%. Assessment of cardiac function was made in 69.5% and an exercise stress test in 21.2% during/within 1 year preceding admission. New stress imaging modalities were applied in a minority of patients. A marked increase was observed at discharge in the rate of prescription of angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (82.8%), beta-blockers (80.2%), statins (92.7%), aspirin (90.3%), and clopidogrel (66.8%). Marked differences in clinical profile and treatment modalities were observed across the four cohorts. CONCLUSION The CICD-Pilot registry suggests that implementation of guideline-recommended therapies has improved since the previous surveys but that important heterogeneity exists in the clinical profile and treatment modalities in the different cohorts of patients enrolled with a broad spectrum of CICDs.
On the Diameter of Matroid Ports

A clutter or antichain on a set defines a hypergraph. Matroid ports are a special class of clutters, and this paper deals with the diameter of matroid ports, that is, the diameter of the corresponding hypergraphs. Specifically, we prove that the diameter of every matroid port is at most $2$. The main interest of our result is its application to secret sharing. Brickell and Davenport proved in 1989 that the minimal qualified subsets of every ideal secret sharing scheme form a matroid port. Therefore, our result provides a new necessary condition for an access structure to admit an ideal secret sharing scheme.
Seroprevalence of Measles-, Mumps- and Rubella-Specific IgG Antibodies in German Children and Adolescents and Predictors for Seronegativity

We have undertaken a seroprevalence study with more than 13,000 children, who had been included in the German KIGGS survey, a representative sample of children and adolescents 0–17 years of age. The IgG titres against measles, mumps and rubella were determined in 1 to 17 year olds While 88.8% of the children were MMR-vaccinated at least once, 76.8% of children aged 1 to 17 years showed prevalence of antibodies to MMR. The highest seronegativity was seen with respect to mumps. Gender differences were most pronounced with regard to rubella IgG titres: girls aged 14 to 17 years were best protected, although seronegativity in 6.8% of this vulnerable group still shows the need of improvement. Search for predictors of missing seroprevalence identified young age to be the most important predictor. Children living in the former West and children born outside of Germany had a higher risk of lacking protection against measles and rubella, while children with a migration background but born in Germany were less often seronegative to measles antibodies than their German contemporaries. An association of seronegativity and early vaccination was seen for measles but not for mumps and rubella. A high maternal educational level was associated with seronegativity to measles and rubella. In vaccinated children, seronegativity was highest for mumps and lowest for rubella. For mumps, high differences were observed for seronegativity after one-dose and two-dose vaccination, respectively. Seronegativity increases as time since last vaccination passes thus indicating significant waning effects for all three components of MMR.
Enhancing the Prioritization of Disease-Causing Genes through Tissue Specific Protein Interaction Networks

The prioritization of candidate disease-causing genes is a fundamental challenge in the post-genomic era. Current state of the art methods exploit a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for this task. They are based on the observation that genes causing phenotypically-similar diseases tend to lie close to one another in a PPI network. However, to date, these methods have used a static picture of human PPIs, while diseases impact specific tissues in which the PPI networks may be dramatically different. Here, for the first time, we perform a large-scale assessment of the contribution of tissue-specific information to gene prioritization. By integrating tissue-specific gene expression data with PPI information, we construct tissue-specific PPI networks for 60 tissues and investigate their prioritization power. We find that tissue-specific PPI networks considerably improve the prioritization results compared to those obtained using a generic PPI network. Furthermore, they allow predicting novel disease-tissue associations, pointing to sub-clinical tissue effects that may escape early detection.
Chapter 1 COMBINING APPROACHES TO INFORMATION RETRIEVAL

The combination of different text representations and search strategies has become a standard technique for improving the effectiveness of information retrieval. Combination, for example, has been studied extensively in the TREC evaluations and is the basis of the “meta-search” engines used on the Web. This paper examines the development of this technique, including both experimental results and the retrieval models that have been proposed as formal frameworks for combination. We show that combining approaches for information retrieval can be modeled as combining the outputs of multiple classifiers based on one or more representations, and that this simple model can provide explanations for many of the experimental results. We also show that this view of combination is very similar to the inference net model, and that a new approach to retrieval based on language models supports combination and can be integrated with the inference net model.