Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anticipated regret and health behavior: A meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE Risk beliefs are central to most theories of health behavior, yet many unanswered questions remain about an increasingly studied risk construct, anticipated regret. The authors sought to better understand anticipated regret's role in motivating health behaviors. METHOD The authors systematically searched electronic databases for studies of anticipated regret and behavioral intentions or health behavior. They used random effects meta-analysis to synthesize effect sizes from 81 studies (n = 45,618). RESULTS Anticipated regret was associated with both intentions (r+ = .50, p < .001) and health behavior (r+ = .29, p < .001). Greater anticipated regret from engaging in a behavior (i.e., action regret) predicted weaker intentions and behavior, whereas greater anticipated regret from not engaging in a behavior (i.e., inaction regret) predicted stronger intentions and behavior. Anticipated action regret had smaller associations with behavioral intentions related to less severe and more distal hazards, but these moderation findings were not present for inaction regret. Anticipated regret generally was a stronger predictor of intentions and behavior than other anticipated negative emotions and risk appraisals. CONCLUSIONS Anticipated inaction regret has a stronger and more stable association with health behavior than previously thought. The field should give greater attention to understanding how anticipated regret differs from similar constructs, its role in health behavior theory, and its potential use in health behavior interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record
MRI Correlation of Radial Head Fractures and Forearm Injuries

Background: Radial head fractures can be associated with soft tissue injuries of the forearm and wrist. The Essex-Lopresti injury can lead to significant morbidity, especially if the diagnosis is not made acutely. Better identification of such injuries is needed to allow optimal surgical treatment and prevent long-term sequelae. We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to correlate the degree of soft tissue injuries with radial head fractures. Methods: Sixteen pairs of forearms with an associated radial head fracture in 15 patients prospectively underwent an MRI within 2 weeks of their injury. MRI findings were correlated with fracture type, associated soft tissue injury, and presence of symptomatic wrist pain. Results: According to the modified Mason classification, there were 8 type I, 5 type II, and 3 type III radial head fractures. Wrist pain was reported in 8 of 16 extremities, and 2 had associated wrist pathology, including an acute scaphoid fracture in 1 patient and a preexisting stage II scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) wrist in another patient. The MRI findings included an elbow effusion in all 16 patients, edema in the proximal third of the radius in 15 extremities, which extended to the middle third in 3 extremities, edema of the interosseous membrane (IOM) in 5 extremities, and edema of the soft tissues including the supinator and/or pronator quadratus in 13 extremities. Conclusions: Eighty percent of patients with edema of the IOM had associated wrist pain. Soft tissue injuries of the forearm did not correlate with the severity of the radial head fracture.
Processes Determining The Dimensional Change Of PM Steels

The dimensional change characteristics of PM steels are generally not determined by the effects of the processes that occur at the sintering temperature. Instead, dilatometry shows that the largest contributions are typically due to the combined effects of various lower temperature processes. The present report both illustrates and discusses these effects in various common PM steels.
Phase 1/2 study of immunotherapy with dendritic cells pulsed with autologous tumor lysate in patients with refractory bone and soft tissue sarcoma

There are limited options for the curative treatment of refractory bone and soft tissue sarcomas. The purpose of this phase 1/2 study was to assess the immunological and clinical effects of dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with autologous tumor lysate (TL) in patients with advanced bone and soft tissue sarcomas.
Comparison of broiler performance when fed diets containing grain from YieldGard Rootworm (MON863), YieldGard Plus (MON810 x MON863), nontransgenic control, or commercial reference corn hybrids.

Two 42-d experiments compared the nutritional value of YieldGard Rootworm corn (MON863; experiment 1) and YieldGard Plus corn (MON810 x MON863; experiment 2) to their respective nontransgenic controls and 6 commercial reference corn hybrids when fed to growing broilers. For each experiment, a randomized complete block design was used with 8 dietary treatments in each of 5 replicated blocks of pens. In experiment 1, no differences among diets were observed (P > 0.05) for final live weights and feed conversion. Broilers fed diets containing MON863 corn had adjusted feed conversion similar to the nontransgenic control and the population of control and commercial diets. On a weight basis, there were no differences among diets for chill, fat pad, and thigh, drum, and wing weights. Differences (P < 0.05) between MON863 and commercial corn diets were noted for breast meat, chill and thigh, drum, and wing weights on a percentage of weight basis. No differences were observed (P > 0.05) in the percentage of moisture, protein, and fat in breast meat or thigh meat across treatment diets. In experiment 2, there were no significant differences among diets for all broiler performance and carcass parameters evaluated. Broilers overall performed consistently and had similar carcass yields and meat compositions when fed diets containing MON863 corn or MON810 x MON863 corn as compared with their respective nontransgenic control and commercial diets, supporting a conclusion of similar feeding values among diets.
Alexithymia Is Associated With a Multidomain, Multidimensional Failure of Interoception: Evidence From Novel Tests

Interoception, the perception of the body’s internal state, contributes to numerous aspects of higher-order cognition. Several theories suggest a causal role for atypical interoception in specific psychiatric disorders, including a recent claim that atypical interoception represents a transdiagnostic impairment across disorders characterized by reduced perception of one’s own emotion (alexithymia). Such theories are supported predominantly by evidence from only one interoceptive domain (cardiac); however, evidence of domain-specific interoceptive ability highlights the need to assess interoception in noncardiac domains. Using novel interoceptive tasks, we demonstrate that individuals high in alexithymic traits show a reduced propensity to utilize interoceptive cues to gauge respiratory output (Experiment 1), reduced accuracy on tasks of muscular effort (Experiment 2), and taste sensitivity (Experiment 3), unrelated to any co-occurring autism, depression, or anxiety. Results suggest that alexithymia reflects a multidomain, multidimensional failure of interoception, which is consistent with theories suggesting that atypical interoception may underpin both symptom commonalities between psychiatric disorders and heterogeneity within disorders.
Decreased Salmonella colonization in turkey poults inoculated with anaerobic cecal microflora and provided dietary lactose.

The effect of intracloacal inoculation with anerobic cultures of cecal microflora and addition of lactose to the feed on Salmonella senftenberg cecal colonization was evaluated in turkey poults. One-day-old poults were divided into four groups and provided 1) no anaerobic cultures, no lactose (control), 2) anaerobic cultures, 3) 5% lactose in the feed, or 4) anaerobic cultures and lactose. All groups were challenged orally with 10(6) S. senftenberg at 3 days of age. Salmonella senftenberg growth in the cecal contents was significantly decreased (P less than .05) at 10 and 30 days of age in both trials and at 20 days of age in Trial 1 in each of the three treatment groups as compared with the controls. On Day 30, the number of poults that were positive for Salmonella cecal culture was significantly decreased (P less than .01) in each of the treatment groups compared with the controls. Protection against Salmonella colonization was similar in the treatment groups inoculated with anaerobic cultures or provided dietary lactose. Combined treatment with anaerobic cultures of cecal microflora and provision of dietary lactose resulted in a level of protection against colonization equal to or higher than did either of the two treatments administered separately.
Auditory Spectral Versus Spatial Temporal Order Judgment: Threshold Distribution Analysis

Some researchers suggested that one central mechanism is responsible for temporal order judgments (TOJ), within and across sensory channels. This suggestion is supported by findings of similar TOJ thresholds in same modality and cross-modality TOJ tasks. In the present study, we challenge this idea by analyzing and comparing the threshold distributions of the spectral and spatial TOJ tasks. In spectral TOJ, the tones differ in their frequency (“high” and “low”) and are delivered either binaurally or monaurally. In spatial (or dichotic) TOJ, the two tones are identical but are presented asynchronously to the two ears and thus differ with respect to which ear received the first tone and which ear received the second tone (“left”/“left”). Although both tasks are regarded as measures of auditory temporal processing, a review of data published in the literature suggests that they trigger different patterns of response. The aim of the current study was to systematically examine spectral and spatial TOJ threshold distributions across a large number of studies. Data are based on 388 participants in 13 spectral TOJ experiments, and 222 participants in 9 spatial TOJ experiments. None of the spatial TOJ distributions deviated significantly from the Gaussian; while all of the spectral TOJ threshold distributions were skewed to the right, with more than half of the participants accurately judging temporal order at very short interstimulus intervals (ISI). The data do not support the hypothesis that 1 central mechanism is responsible for all temporal order judgments. We suggest that different perceptual strategies are employed when performing spectral TOJ than when performing spatial TOJ. We posit that the spectral TOJ paradigm may provide the opportunity for two-tone masking or temporal integration, which is sensitive to the order of the tones and thus provides perceptual cues that may be used to judge temporal order. This possibility should be considered when interpreting spectral TOJ data, especially in the context of comparing different populations.
Blood removal therapy in hereditary hemochromatosis induces a stress response resulting in improved genome integrity

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a common disease of iron metabolism, manifesting with iron overload and affecting up to 1% of individuals of northern European descent. Untreated HH can result in irreversible damage of the liver and pancreas, potentially leading to cancer and diabetes. Therapy consists of normalizing iron stores by repeated blood donations (phlebotomy). Treated HH patients have normal survival rates and report less tiredness after phlebotomy; however, it is not understood why musculoskeletal symptoms may persist in spite of iron removal. We hypothesize that phlebotomy therapy does not simply reverse iron accumulation but has additional effects at the subcellular level. In particular, the systemic impact of phlebotomy on mitochondria and genome integrity is largely unknown.
Estimates of genetic parameters in turkeys. 2. Body weight and carcass characteristics.

Data were taken from 1,088 individuals--504 females (F) and 584 males (M)--produced by 34 sires and 168 dams from a randombred control line (RBC2) of turkeys maintained at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH. Turkeys were used to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters among 16-wk body weight and a number of body composition characteristics. Heritabilities (h2) were estimated from sire components of variance for 16-wk weights of muscles of breast (BM: F = .08, M = .35); thigh (TM: F = .12, M = .17); and drum (DM: F = .30, M = .44); weights of leaf fat (LF: F = .13, M = .51) and total abdominal fat (AF: F = .21, M = .55); and total percentage carcass fat (%F:F = .06, M = .24), percentage protein (F = .07, M = .20), and percent moisture (F = nonestimable, M = .11). The h2 of percentage carcass ash was nonestimable from both data sets due to negative estimates of the sire variance components. Due to the non-normal distributions of some of the fat measures, the fat measure data were converted to natural logarithms. Genetic estimates from the transformed data were similar to those from the nontransformed data. Genetic correlation (rG) estimates indicated a positive genetic association between body weight (BW) and all the fat characteristics measured. The BW was highly correlated with BM (F = .48, M = .86), TM (F = .81, M = 1.01), and DM (F = 1.04, M = .70). However, BW was correlated to a lesser degree with LF (F = .02, M = .27), AF (F = .25, M = .32), and %F (F = .93, M = .50). The BM was only moderately correlated with TM (F = .43, M = .28) and DM (F = .73, M = .27). The TM and DM were highly correlated (F = 1.02, M = .84). The existence of these correlations, which are less than unity, indicate that selection for BW alone will lead to increasing levels of fat in commercial turkeys, and to disproportionate increases in breast vs. leg muscles.
Decentralized adaptive consensus control for multi-manipulator system with uncertain dynamics

An adaptive control approach is proposed to deal with the multi-manipulator system consensus problem based on the multi-agent theory. In the current multi-agent literature, agents are assumed to have determined models. However, the real manipulator's dynamics contains uncertain parameters. According to the ldquolinearity-in-parametersrdquo property, the adaptive updating law for uncertain dynamics parameters is derived by the projection method. Then, a decentralized controller is designed based on the backstepping scheme, which only utilizes the information of connected manipulators. By the proposed controller, all the manipulators' joints move towards the same configuration to achieve certain coordination tasks. In addition, performance of the control system is analyzed by the Lyapunov method, and the consensus error is proved to approach zero. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is illustrated by simulations on a multiple two-link manipulators system.
A genome-wide RNAi screen reveals multiple regulators of caspase activation

Apoptosis is an evolutionally conserved cellular suicide mechanism that can be activated in response to a variety of stressful stimuli. Increasing evidence suggests that apoptotic regulation relies on specialized cell death signaling pathways and also integrates diverse signals from additional regulatory circuits, including those of cellular homeostasis. We present a genome-wide RNA interference screen to systematically identify regulators of apoptosis induced by DNA damage in Drosophila melanogaster cells. We identify 47 double- stranded RNA that target a functionally diverse set of genes, including several with a known function in promoting cell death. Further characterization uncovers 10 genes that influence caspase activation upon the removal of Drosophila inhibitor of apoptosis 1. This set includes the Drosophila initiator caspase Dronc and, surprisingly, several metabolic regulators, a candidate tumor suppressor, Charlatan, and an N-acetyltransferase, ARD1. Importantly, several of these genes show functional conservation in regulating apoptosis in mammalian cells. Our data suggest a previously unappreciated fundamental connection between various cellular processes and caspase-dependent cell death.
Resolving coiled shapes reveals new reorientation behaviors in C. elegans

We exploit the reduced space of C. elegans postures to develop a novel tracking algorithm which captures both simple shapes and also self-occluding coils, an important, yet unexplored, component of 2D worm behavior. We apply our algorithm to show that visually complex, coiled sequences are a superposition of two simpler patterns: the body wave dynamics and a head-curvature pulse. We demonstrate the precise Ω-turn dynamics of an escape response and uncover a surprising new dichotomy in spontaneous, large-amplitude coils; deep reorientations occur not only through classical Ω-shaped postures but also through larger postural excitations which we label here as δ-turns. We find that omega and delta turns occur independently, suggesting a distinct triggering mechanism, and are the serpentine analog of a random left-right step. Finally, we show that omega and delta turns occur with approximately equal rates and adapt to food-free conditions on a similar timescale, a simple strategy to avoid navigational bias. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.17227. 001
Composite material for automotive headliners: Expandable stampable Sheet with light weight and high stiffness

KP Sheet is a stampable sheet made of glass fiber (GF) and polypropylene (PP), and has a distinctive characteristic of expansion in thickness. To realize light weight and high stiffness in automotive headliners, the GF content and arrangement in the thickness direction were studied with the aim of increasing expansivity. Although expansivity increases with GF content and the elastic slope is enhanced by the resulting increase in sheet thickness, the maximum elastic slope reaches saturation at a GF content of 50 mass% or more. Therefore, the GF arrangement in the thickness direction is controlled to improve GF spring back, resulting in a 30% improvement in expansivity at the same unit weight. A newly-developed ultra-light product (UL grade) realizes a high elastic slope of 7.2 N/mm at a web unit weight of 800 g/m 2 , while also displaying excellent moldability and dimensional stability equal to those of normal grade KP Sheet, enabling further weight reduction.
Molting single comb White Leghorns with the use of the Lupron Depot formulation of leuprolide acetate.

Reproductive tract regression and cessation of egg production was induced in 80-wk-old Hy-Line W36 strain hens by an i.m. injection of Lupron Depot at a dose calculated to release 60 micrograms of leuprolide acetate (LA)/kg of BW for 30 d, by restriction of feed intake (FR) for 28 d, or by total feed deprivation (FD) for 7 d followed by feed restriction for 21 d. Egg production in LA and FD groups dropped to 24 and 19% in the first 7 d after initiation of the treatments and to 3.5 and 0% in the 2nd wk. Production of the FR group dropped to 38% during the 1st wk and to 1.7% in the 2nd wk. Production of both nutritionally deprived groups remained near zero through the 5th wk, whereas it increased to 8.2% in the LA group at that time. Hens injected with LA reached 50% production at about 37 vs 45 d for both nutritionally deprived groups. Egg production of control groups remained unchanged during this time. Shell characteristics did not differ significantly among the molted groups throughout most of the 16 wk of the experiment. However shell weight and shell weight per unit surface area of eggs from LA-treated hens were significantly (P < or = .05) lower than those of FR, but not FD, hens at several times. Mean values for shell characteristics of eggs from unmolted hens were significantly lower than those of molted hens. There were no differences in albumen quality between any of the groups at any time. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Sources of Sequential Modulations of Control Processes in Arithmetic Strategies: A Magnetoencephalography Study

In a wide variety of cognitive domains, performance is determined by the selection and execution of cognitive strategies to solve problems. We used magnetoencephalography to identify the brain regions involved and specify the time course of dynamic modulations of executive control processes during strategy execution. Participants performed a computational estimation task in which they were instructed to execute a poorer or better strategy to estimate results of two-digit multiplication problems. When participants were asked to execute the poorer strategy, two distinct sets of brain activations were identified, depending on whether the poorer strategy (engaging the left inferior frontal junction) or the better strategy (engaging ACC) had been executed on the immediately preceding items. Our findings also revealed the time course of activations in regions involved in sequential modulations of cognitive control processes during arithmetic strategy execution. These findings point at processes of proactive preparation on items after poorer strategy items and dynamics of reactive adjustments after better strategy items.
Angiostrongylus spp. in the Americas: geographical and chronological distribution of definitive hosts versus disease reports

BACKGROUND Angiostrongyliasis is an infection caused by nematode worms of the genus Angiostrongylus. The adult worms inhabit the pulmonary arteries, heart, bronchioles of the lung, or mesenteric arteries of the caecum of definitive host. Of a total of 23 species of Angiostrongylus cited worldwide, only nine were registered in the American Continent. Two species, A. cantonensis and A. costaricensis, are considered zoonoses when the larvae accidentally parasitise man. OBJECTIVES In the present study, geographical and chronological distribution of definitive hosts of Angiostrongylus in the Americas is analysed in order to observe their relationship with disease reports. Moreover, the role of different definitive hosts as sentinels and dispersers of infective stages is discussed. METHODS The study area includes the Americas. First records of Angiostrongylus spp. in definitive or accidental hosts were compiled from the literature. Data were included in tables and figures and were matched to geographic information systems (GIS). FINDINGS Most geographical records of Angiostrongylus spp. both for definitive and accidental hosts belong to tropical areas, mainly equatorial zone. In relation to those species of human health importance, as A. cantonensis and A. costaricensis, most disease cases indicate a coincidence between the finding of definitive host and disease record. However, in some geographic site there are gaps between report of definitive host and disease record. In many areas, human populations have invaded natural environments and their socioeconomic conditions do not allow adequate medical care. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Consequently, many cases for angiostrongyliasis could have gone unreported or unrecognised throughout history and in the nowadays. Moreover, the population expansion and the climatic changes invite to make broader and more complete range of observation on the species that involve possible epidemiological risks. This paper integrates and shows the current distribution of Angiostrongylus species in America, being this information very relevant for establishing prevention, monitoring and contingency strategies in the region.