Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anticipated Regret or Endowment Effect? A Reconsideration of Exchange Asymmetry in Laboratory Experiments

Abstract In simple exchange experiments, participants have been reported to trade their endowments with similar objects less frequently than predicted by the neoclassical demand theory. Recent research has indicated that the experimental support for exchange asymmetry is fragile in alternative environments. In this article, we report an environment which is different from all other environments previously known in which exchange asymmetry is not observed. In this environment, participants knew at the time of making exchange decisions that they will have an opportunity to reverse their decisions. We find significant differences in exchange asymmetry in this environment, and an environment in which exchange decisions were final. Such differences suggest that anticipated regret theory provides an adequate explanation for exchange asymmetry which is often reported in the laboratory experiments. Our results underscore the importance of careful design for testing theories in the laboratory experiments.
Effects of enhanced external counterpulsation on skeletal muscle gene expression in patients with severe heart failure

Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) is a non‐invasive treatment in which leg cuff compressions increase diastolic aortic pressure and coronary perfusion. EECP is offered to patients with refractory angina pectoris and increases physical capacity. Benefits in heart failure patients have been noted, but EECP is still considered to be experimental and its effects must be confirmed. The mechanism of action is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of EECP on skeletal muscle gene expression and physical performance in patients with severe heart failure. Patients (n = 9) in NYHA III‐IV despite pharmacological therapy were subjected to 35 h of EECP during 7 weeks. Before and after, lateral vastus muscle biopsies were obtained, and functional capacity was evaluated with a 6‐min walk test. Skeletal muscle gene expression was evaluated using Affymetrix Hugene 1.0 arrays. Maximum walking distance increased by 15%, which is in parity to that achieved after aerobic exercise training in similar patients. Skeletal muscle gene expression analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed an increased expression of two networks of genes with FGF‐2 and IGF‐1 as central regulators. The increase in gene expression was quantitatively small and no overlap with gene expression profiles after exercise training could be detected despite adequate statistical power. EECP treatment leads to a robust improvement in walking distance in patients with severe heart failure and does induce a skeletal muscle transcriptional response, but this response is small and with no significant overlap with the transcriptional signature seen after exercise training.
A PREDICTIVE MODEL TO INFORM ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT OF DOUBLE‐CRESTED CORMORANTS AND FISHERIES IN MICHIGAN

The proliferation of double‐crested cormorants (DCCOs; Phalacrocorax auritus) in North America has raised concerns over their potential negative impacts on game, cultured and forage fishes, island and terrestrial resources, and other colonial water birds, leading to increased public demands to reduce their abundance. By combining fish surplus production and bird functional feeding response models, we developed a deterministic predictive model representing bird–fish interactions to inform an adaptive management process for the control of DCCOs in multiple colonies in Michigan. Comparisons of model predictions with observations of changes in DCCO numbers under management measures implemented from 2004 to 2012 suggested that our relatively simple model was able to accurately reconstruct past DCCO population dynamics. These comparisons helped discriminate among alternative parameterizations of demographic processes that were poorly known, especially site fidelity. Using sensitivity analysis, we also identified remaining critical uncertainties (mainly in the spatial distributions of fish vs. DCCO feeding areas) that can be used to prioritize future research and monitoring needs. Model forecasts suggested that continuation of existing control efforts would be sufficient to achieve long‐term DCCO control targets in Michigan and that DCCO control may be necessary to achieve management goals for some DCCO‐impacted fisheries in the state. Finally, our model can be extended by accounting for parametric or ecological uncertainty and including more complex assumptions on DCCO–fish interactions as part of the adaptive management process.
Introducing the nurse practitioner into the surgical ward: an ethnographic study of interprofessional teamwork practice

AIM The first nurse practitioners in surgical care were introduced into Swedish surgical wards in 2014. Internationally, organisations that have adopted nurse practitioners into care teams are reported to have maintained or improved the quality of care. However, close qualitative descriptions of teamwork practice may add to existing knowledge of interprofessional collaboration when introducing nurse practitioners into new clinical areas. The aim was to report on an empirical study describing how interprofessional teamwork practice was enacted by nurse practitioners when introduced into surgical ward teams. METHODS AND RESULTS The study had a qualitative, ethnographic research design, drawing on a sociomaterial conceptual framework. The study was based on 170 hours of ward-based participant observations of interprofessional teamwork practice that included nurse practitioners. Data were gathered from 2014 to 2015 across four surgical sites in Sweden, including 60 interprofessional rounds. The data were analysed with an iterative reflexive procedure involving inductive and theory-led approaches. The study was approved by a Swedish regional ethics committee (Ref. No.: 2014/229-31). The interprofessional teamwork practice enacted by the nurse practitioners that emerged from the analysis comprised a combination of the following characteristic role components: clinical leader, bridging team colleague and ever-present tutor. These role components were enacted at all the sites and were prominent during interprofessional teamwork practice. CONCLUSION The participant nurse practitioners utilised the interprofessional teamwork practice arrangements to enact a role that may be described in terms of a quality guarantee, thereby contributing to the overall quality and care flow offered by the entire surgical ward team.
Clitoral vascularization and sexual behavior in young patients treated with drospirenone-ethinyl estradiol or contraceptive vaginal ring: a prospective, randomized, pilot study.

INTRODUCTION Oral contraceptives (OC) are effective for birth control and have good cycle control and tolerability. However, the hormonal components could modify mood and libido. AIM The aim of this study is to evaluate the genital vascular effects and sexual behavior of an OC containing 30 μg ethinyl estradiol and 3 mg drospirenone in comparison with a flexible combined contraceptive vaginal ring. METHODS Forty women underwent a sonographic assessment of the clitoral anatomy and vascularization and were administered the McCoy Female Sexuality Questionnaire (MFSQ) and the Beck's Depression Inventory questionnaire (BDI). Estradiol, androstenedione, testosterone, and SHBG were assayed. Free Androgen Index (FAI) and Free Estrogen Index (FEI) were calculated. The patients were randomly submitted to OC (group I; n = 21) or vaginal ring (group II; n = 19). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Ultrasonographic clitoral volume, pulsatility index (PI) of dorsal clitoral arteries, MFSQ, BDI, and hormonal and biochemical assays were analyzed. RESULTS After therapy, the testosterone levels were reduced in both groups, whereas estradiol decreased only in group I women. The SHBG increased in all the subjects, and both FAI and FEI decreased. The clitoral volume decreased in all the women. The PI of the dorsal clitoral artery increased only in patients on OC. The hormonal contraception was associated, in both studied groups, with a significant decrease of the two-factor Italian MFSQ score, which was more marked in OC users. In group I subjects, there was a reduction of the number of intercourse/week and a reduction of orgasm frequency during intercourse. The pain during intercourse worsened after OC use. The vaginal ring users reported a vaginal wetness. CONCLUSIONS Six-month treatment with hormonal contraception is associated with a diminished MFSQ score. However, the frequency of sexual intercourse and orgasm was reduced only by the use of OC. The OC use was associated with increased pain during intercourse.
Wind power participation in electricity markets — The role of wind power forecasts

Wind power forecasting is an important tool to better integrate wind power into different electricity market frameworks. In the case of a Portuguese wind producer participating in the day-ahead market, the forecast is based on the initial and boundary conditions (IC) from the meteorological global models at 06:00 UTC in the day before the operation. Consequently, this constitutes a gap of 18 hours between the IC and the first delivery hour. Taking into account the availability of meteorological global forecast models data, this work investigates the influence of this gap's reduction and the resultant certainty gain effect of using the IC provided by the models at times nearer to the first delivery hour to the day-ahead electricity market. The certainty gain is estimated by using a probabilistic wind power forecast methodology coupled with a 2-stage stochastic optimization model in order to provide the bid volumes for the day-ahead market that enable maximum profit with an acceptable risk to a wind power producer. Expected imbalance values considering the actual IC (6:00 UTC) and proposed IC's (12:00 and 18:00 UTC) are compared. The results obtained demonstrate that the IC used for the wind power forecast strictly determines forecast accuracy for the day-ahead market. Therefore, market adaptations are recommended to deal with the wind power variability and uncertainty avoiding negotiations on the adjustment and reserve markets at higher costs.
Androgen receptor‐CAG repeats in infertile Egyptian men

This study aimed to assess the androgen receptor (AR) codon amino acids glutamine (CAG) repeats in 185 Egyptian men divided into fertile controls (n = 30), oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT) men (n = 35), nonobstructive azoospermic (NOA) men (n = 120; 18 successful testicular sperm extraction (TESE) and 102 unsuccessful TESE cases). They were subjected to history taking, genital examination, semen analysis, testicular biopsies for NOA cases, serum hormones and CAG repeats by PCR. The mean AR‐CAG repeats showed significant difference between NOA group compared with fertile controls or OAT groups. Nonsignificant difference was elicited between OAT group and fertile controls. In NOA cases, CAG repeats demonstrated nonsignificant difference between unsuccessful and successful TESE. AR‐CAG repeats elicited significant negative correlation with sperm count, significant positive correlation with sperm normal forms percentage and nonsignificant correlations with sperm motility per cent, tested serum hormones or testicular volume. It is concluded that AR‐CAG repeats in Egyptian infertile men are in the range of other international or regional studies. AR‐CAG repeats have demonstrated nonsignificant difference regarding TESE outcome in NOA cases.
Effects of Neuroleptic Reduction in Schizophrenic Outpatients Receiving High Doses *

This paper presents an open study which evaluated the clinical effects of a partial and progressive reduction in neuroleptic medication in 32 outpatients suffering from schizophrenia who were receiving high doses (equivalent of ≥ 18 mg of oral haloperidol per day; EHL). After an observation period of twelve weeks, each subject's dose of neuroleptics was reduced by 50% at the rate of 10% every four weeks. Patients were receiving a mean of 62 mg per day EHL at the beginning of the study and 30 mg per day EHL at the completion of the study. After the reduction, the following was observed: 1. a significant but modest change in psychopathology: a decrease in negative symptoms and in the total score on Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; and 2. a significant increase in tardive dyskinesia symptoms. Six subjects relapsed but five of them recovered without increasing their reduced medication. Results of this study are discussed in the context of trying to find a minimal maintenance dose in the treatment of schizophrenia. The relative paucity of change despite a large reduction in medication argues for réévaluation of dosage in patients on high or very high doses of neuroleptics. The results suggest that many patients taking high doses could be maintained on significantly lower doses of neuroleptics. With gradual reduction of medication it would seem that many patients who are receiving a high dose of neuroleptic can achieve a lower dose than their current maintenance level.
Physiological factors influencing coronary blood volume in isolated dog hearts.

Measurements of the weight and of the residual blood in an isolated, perfused heart permitted investigation of factors which influence coronary blood volume. Coronary blood volume was a near linear function of coronary arterial pressure between 30 and 125 mm Hg and was also linearly related to coronary flow in fresh preparations. For each 1 mm Hg change of mean coronary perfusion pressure, a corresponding change of the coronary blood volume occurred, amounting to about 100 mg blood/100 gm perfused heart. Decreases of contractile strength or heart rate caused reversible increases of the coronary blood volume.
The Timeliness and Consequences of Disseminating Public Information by Regulators

This paper documents different timeliness in disseminating sanction and enforcement information (SEI) by two types of regulatory agencies in China and the different consequences that flow from them. The China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) does not make timely public disclosures of SEI and, instead, leaves it up to the firms to make a public announcement under their general obligation to disclose price-sensitive information. The firms therefore have considerable discretion in deciding whether and when to disclose SEI. In contrast, the stock exchanges in Shenzhen and Shanghai make SEI public promptly through the media and the exchanges' official websites. Using Chinese SEI data during the period 1999-2005, we find that the CSRC approach is associated with significantly lagged corporate disclosure (compared with the timely stock exchange approach) and a significantly negative (but delayed) stock price reaction. We also show that the sanctioned firm may take advantage of the less timely CSRC approach to delay its disclosure of SEI for opportunistic reasons such as completing material transactions. We conclude that the CSRC should make immediate public announcements of SEI as these contain price-sensitive information. Furthermore, the immediate dissemination of SEI will bring the CSRC into line with the disclosure practices of China's stock exchanges and international market regulators.
Nonscaling of MOSFET's linear resistance in the deep submicrometer regime

This paper investigates the scaling properties of deep submicron MOSFET's and shows that, while in a wide range of channel lengths they can be represented as composed by a scaling intrinsic and a nonscaling parasitic part, this picture does no longer hold for shorter transistors. A nonscaling of the total resistance R/sub TOT/=[V/sub DS//I/sub DS/] of short devices is observed, and its impact on parasitic resistances and effective channel length extraction is discussed. A possible explanation is suggested in relation to the two-dimensional substrate doping redistribution linked to reverse-short-channel effects.
Commercial Office Space: Testing the Implications of Real Options Models With Competitive Interactions

We test the implications of real option pricing models with competitive interactions for commercial real estate development. The competitive nature of a local commercial real estate market relies on a Herfindahl ratio derived from individual developers' shares of total office construction in their market. All else being equal, greater competition among local developers is associated with more building starts. Other variables suggested by the real options pricing model, including the volatility of local lease rates, are also found to be statistically important. In addition, we provide evidence consistent with greater competition attenuating the extent to which increases in volatility delay commercial real estate development.
The Impact of Human Capital on Life-Cycle Portfolio Choice: Evidence for the Netherlands

We study the impact of human capital on life-cycle portfolio choice using Dutch data. A distinction is made between the riskless view of human capital as having bond-like characteristics, and the risky conception of future wage income having stock-like properties. As in Benzoni, Collin-Dufresne, and Goldstein (2007) we study the welfare implications of portfolio choice when wage income and dividends are co-integrated. Based on Dutch data our analysis confirms the US results as the preferred equity allocation also shows a hump-shaped pattern.
Redistributive Effects and Labour Market Dynamic

We propose and estimate, using Bayesian techniques, a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model featuring search and matching frictions with redistributive productivity shocks – which account for fluctuations in the distribution of income across factors of production. We first find supporting evidence that the model is able to replicate cyclical properties of labour market variables. We then disentangle two endogenous sources of labour market amplification: (i) deep habits and (ii) the replacement ratio. The latter appears to be a powerful endogenous amplification mechanism given the shock structure of the model. As far as the exogenous amplification is concerned, labour market variability can be largely explained by redistributive innovations. Finally, contrary to Total Factor Productivity shocks, redistributive shocks increase total hours.
Earnings permanence and the incremental information content of cash flows from operations

This paper investigates whether the incremental information content of cash flows from operations increases when earnings are transitory. We suggest that when the valuation implications of earnings are limited by the presence of transitory items, cash flows from operations disclosures may play a larger role as an additional value signal. We measure transitory items using earnings change scaled by beginning-of-period price (Ali [1994]) and the earnings-to-price ratio (Ou and Penman [1989] and Ali and Zarowin [1992]). Our analysis suggests that the incremental information content of accounting earnings decreases, and the incremental information content of cash flows from operations increases, with a decrease in the permanence of earnings.
Chemotherapy for Relapsed Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Practice Guideline

Purpose: This clinical practice guideline, based on a systematic review, evaluates chemotherapy options for patients with relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Methods: Relevant randomized trials and meta-analyses were identified through a systematic search of the literature. External feedback was obtained from practitioners in Ontario, and the guideline was approved by the provincial lung cancer disease site group. Results: Six randomized trials met the eligibility criteria and were included for review. One randomized phase III trial of oral topotecan versus no treatment in patients receiving best supportive care found topotecan to have a significant benefit in terms of 6-month survival and quality of life. A randomized phase III trial compared outcomes of carboplatin in patients receiving a combination of etoposide and cisplatin (EP) and found no significant improvement associated with carboplatin, although it was associated with significantly higher grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia. Two randomized trials directly compared chemotherapy regimens (intravenous [IV] topotecan versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine (CAV); and bis-chloro-ethylnitrosourea, thiotepa, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide (BTOC) versus EP), but these trials found no significant differences in terms of disease response or survival. IV topotecan was associated with significantly higher toxicities (grade 4 thrombocytopenia and grade 3/4 anemia) and greater improvement in patient-reported symptoms compared with CAV. Two randomized trials of topotecan-treated patients comparing route of administration (IV versus oral) found no significant differences in terms of disease response, survival, or quality of life, although oral administration was associated with increased grade 3 or 4 diarrhea in both trials. Conclusion: Evidence on the clinical benefit of second-line therapy in SCLC is limited. Topotecan is the most studied agent in this population; it has a response and survival benefit in comparison with placebo, but it also has greater toxicity in comparison with CAV. To date, significant differences in terms of response and survival are not evident in studied chemotherapy options.
Does intergenerational social mobility among men affect cardiovascular mortality? A population-based register study from Sweden

Background: Socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular mortality are well documented. The aim here is to examine the relation between childhood and adulthood class as well as the role of unique intergenerational social mobility trajectories in such mortality. Methods: Data were obtained from Swedish registries. Childhood and adulthood information were from the 1960 and 1990 censuses. Men born 1945—59 (809,199) were followed-up for four cardiovascular mortality outcomes 1990— 2002 (5533 deaths) by means of Cox regressions. Three different approaches were applied to study mobility between four main classes. Results: In mutually adjusted models, the effect of a manual adulthood class (compared with non-manuals) was clearly larger (hazard ratios (HR) were 1.56 for MI, 1.70 for stroke, 1.64 for other cardiovascular disease (CVD), 1.62 for all CVD) as for a manual childhood class (1.38, 1.17, 1.24 and 1.28, respectively). This also applied to unclassifiable, while there were few systematic findings for self-employed. When adjusting for education level, childhood class was still significant for MI, other and all CVD, but adulthood class was significant for all outcomes. Trajectory-specific analyses revealed that mobile men from non-manual to manual had significantly higher mortality than mobile from manual to non-manual and stable non-manuals, but not significantly lower than stable manuals. Conclusions: Cardiovascular mortality was clearly structured by adulthood class, but not as consistently structured by childhood class. The mediating role of education suggests that a major part of life-course disadvantages or advantages in relation to CVD was due to achieved education.