Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gluck's Second Law: An Empirical Investigation of Horserace Betting in Early and Late Races

The central premise of ‘Gluck's Second Law,’ which states that ‘The Best Time to Bet the Favourite is in the Last Race,’ is tested. Analysis of a random sample of 1212 bets placed in offcourse betting offices throughout the UK shows that bettors on later races back horses with shorter odds; commit, to some extent, higher stakes and perform at least as well as bettors on early races. The premise underlying ‘Gluck's Second Law’ that bettors back long-shots in later races is questioned in relation to the UK offcourse betting market. Suggestions are offered for these results and avenues for further research are identified.
SITAR: GUI Test Script Repair

System testing of a GUI-based application requires that test cases, consisting of sequences of user actions/events, be executed and the software's output be verified. To enable automated re-testing, such test cases are increasingly being coded as low-level test scripts, to be replayed automatically using test harnesses. Whenever the GUI changes-widgets get moved around, windows get merged-some scripts become unusable because they no longer encode valid input sequences. Moreover, because the software's output may have changed, their test oracles-assertions and checkpoints-encoded in the scripts may no longer correctly check the intended GUI objects. We present ScrIpT repAireR (SITAR), a technique to automatically repair unusable low-level test scripts. SITAR uses reverse engineering techniques to create an abstract test for each script, maps it to an annotated event-flow graph (EFG), uses repairing transformations and human input to repair the test, and synthesizes a new “repaired” test script. During this process, SITAR also repairs the reference to the GUI objects used in the checkpoints yielding a final test script that can be executed automatically to validate the revised software. SITAR amortizes the cost of human intervention across multiple scripts by accumulating the human knowledge as annotations on the EFG. An experiment using QTP test scripts suggests that SITAR is effective in that 41-89 percent unusable test scripts were repaired. Annotations significantly reduced human cost after 20 percent test scripts had been repaired.
APPROACH OR AVOIDANCE (OR BOTH?): INTEGRATING CORE SELF‐EVALUATIONS WITHIN AN APPROACH/AVOIDANCE FRAMEWORK

Core self-evaluations (CSE) represent a new personality construct that, despite an accumulation of evidence regarding its predictive validity, provokes debate regarding the fundamental approach or avoidance nature of the construct. This set of studies sought to clarify the approach/avoidance nature of CSE by examining its relation with approach/avoidance personality traits and motivation constructs (Study 1); we subsequently examined approach/avoidance motivational mechanisms as mediators of the relation between CSE and job performance (Study 2). Overall, the studies demonstrate that CSE is best conceptualized as representing both (high) approach tendencies and (low) avoidance tendencies; implications of these findings for CSE theory are discussed.
It's a Long Way Home: International Student Adjustment to Living in the United States

This study addresses the need for information helpful in retaining international college students studying in the United States. This research compares the adjustment of 182 international students to a comparison sample of American students to determine whether students coming to the United States from abroad have greater difficulty adjusting to college life. International students are more likely to feel lonely, homesick, and as if they had left part of themselves at home. In addition, this study confirms the importance of social network in the adjustment of international students (but not Americans) although the number of close friends does not predict whether an international student is satisfied with his or her social network. The implications for administrators working to retain international students are discussed.
The Effect and Moderation of Gender Identity Congruity: Utilizing 'Real Women' Advertising Images

The present article examines the predictive ability of gender identity congruity in explaining women's responses to advertising appeals. The contributions of the article are twofold: (1) to demonstrate whether advertisements that are congruent with female consumers' gender identities elicit strong positive responses and (2) to identify the factors that moderate/mediate the impact of gender identity congruity on consumer responses to advertisements. The research findings provide evidence of the ability of gender identity congruity to elicit positive responses to advertising appeals. The relationship between gender identity congruity and responses to the advertisement is mediated by advertising involvement. The moderating roles of national culture, physical concern, and physical view are also supported. Overall, the congruity theory provides a powerful framework to examine consumer responses to gender portrayals in advertising.
Relationships as Unfinished Business: Out of the Frying Pan and into the 1990s

This paper outlines three problems that are foreseen to face us as we enter the 1990s. These are: (1) defining the nature of relationships in the face of discrepancies between the reports of partners and outsiders about the events that occur in the relationship; (2) clarifying the nature of claims that relationships are `processes'; (3) providing a better understanding of the everyday conduct and routines of relationships, particularly the role of everyday talk. It is argued that longitudinal work and work capturing the experiences and reports of both members of a dyad must solve the first problem at a theoretical level before they can be helpful. It is suggested that, after Billig's (1987) argument that thinking and arguing characterize social behavior, relationships are best conceived phenomenally as unfinished business, just as research usually is. Several suggestions are made about the nature of relationships and, in the course of the paper, some suggestions are made for future work on social and personal relationships, loneliness, social support, children's friendship and process models of relating.
Grey Relational Analysis of Operational Performance for Mobile Telecommunications Companies in Taiwan

This paper uses grey relational analysis technique to study the input-output relationship and to examine financial factors influencing the operational performance of Taiwanese mobile telecommunications companies. This paper demonstrates that both financial and productivity factors should be considered when developing a model to assess operational performance of a company, especially companies operate in an intensified competition market like the one in Taiwan.
Therapist interpretation, patient-therapist interpersonal process, and outcome in psychodynamic psychotherapy for avoidant personality disorder

The authors examined the link between interpretive techniques, the therapeutic relationship, and outcome in psychodynamic psychotherapy. Two independent teams of judges each coded one early session from patients diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder. Results revealed (a) an inverse association between concentration of interpretation and favorable patient outcome; (b) that small amounts of disaffiliative patient‐ therapist transactions before, during, and after interpretations were reliably or meaningfully associated with negative patient change; and (c) concentration of interpretation was positively associated with disaffiliative therapy process before and during interpretation and negatively associated with affiliative patient responses to interpretation. The results suggest that therapists who persisted with interpretations had more hostile interactions with patients and had patients who reacted with less warmth than therapists who used interpretations more judiciously.
Contraceptive failure rates: new estimates from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth.

CONTEXT Unintended pregnancy remains a major public health concern in the United States. Information on pregnancy rates among contraceptive users is needed to guide medical professionals' recommendations and individuals' choices of contraceptive methods. METHODS Data were taken from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) and the 1994-1995 Abortion Patient Survey (APS). Hazards models were used to estimate method-specific contraceptive failure rates during the first six months and during the first year of contraceptive use for all U.S. women. In addition, rates were corrected to take into account the underreporting of induced abortion in the NSFG. Corrected 12-month failure rates were also estimated for subgroups of women by age, union status, poverty level, race or ethnicity, and religion. RESULTS When contraceptive methods are ranked by effectiveness over the first 12 months of use (corrected for abortion underreporting), the implant and injectables have the lowest failure rates (2-3%), followed by the pill (8%), the diaphragm and the cervical cap (12%), the male condom (14%), periodic abstinence (21%), withdrawal (24%) and spermicides (26%). In general, failure rates are highest among cohabiting and other unmarried women, among those with an annual family income below 200% of the federal poverty level, among black and Hispanic women, among adolescents and among women in their 20s. For example, adolescent women who are not married but are cohabiting experience a failure rate of about 31% in the first year of contraceptive use, while the 12-month failure rate among married women aged 30 and older is only 7%. Black women have a contraceptive failure rate of about 19%, and this rate does not vary by family income; in contrast, overall 12-month rates are lower among Hispanic women (15%) and white women (10%), but vary by income, with poorer women having substantially greater failure rates than more affluent women. CONCLUSIONS Levels of contraceptive failure vary widely by method, as well as by personal and background characteristics. Income's strong influence on contraceptive failure suggests that access barriers and the general disadvantage associated with poverty seriously impede effective contraceptive practice in the United States.
Multiple SH3 domain interactions regulate NADPH oxidase assembly in whole cells.

Src homology 3 (SH3) domains mediate specific protein‐protein interactions crucial for signal transduction and protein subcellular localization. Upon phagocyte stimulation, two SH3 domain‐containing cytosolic components of the NADPH oxidase, p47phox and p67phox, are recruited to the membrane where they interact with flavocytochrome b558 to form an activated microbicidal oxidase. Deletion analysis of p47phox and p67phox in transfected K562 cells demonstrated multiple SH3‐mediated interactions between p47phox and the transmembrane flavocytochrome b558 and also between the cytosolic components themselves. The core region of p47phox (residues 151–284), spanning both SH3 domains, was required for flavocytochrome‐dependent translocation and oxidase activity in whole cells. Furthermore, translocation of p67phox occurred through interactions of its N‐terminal domain (residues 1–246) with p47phox SH3 domains. Both of these interactions were promoted by PMA activation of cells and were influenced by the presence of other domains in both cytosolic factors. Deletion analysis also revealed a third SH3 domain‐mediated interaction involving the C‐termini of both cytosolic factors, which also promoted p67phox membrane translocation. These data provide evidence for a central role for p47phox in regulation of oxidase assembly through several SH3 domain interactions.
Dual Roles of Quercetin in Platelets: Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase and MAP Kinases Inhibition, and cAMP-Dependent Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein Stimulation

Background. Progressive diseases including cancer, metabolic, and cardiovascular disorders are marked by platelet activation and chronic inflammation. Studies suggest that dietary flavonoids such as quercetin possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiplatelet properties, which could prevent various chronic diseases including atherosclerosis and thrombosis. However, the mechanism and the signaling pathway that links quercetin's antiplatelet activity with its anti-inflammatory property is limited and thus further exploration is required. The aim of this paper was to examine the link between antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory roles of quercetin in agonist-induced platelet activation. Methods. Quercetin effects on agonist-activated platelet-aggregation, granule-secretion, [Ca2+]i, and glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa activation were examined. Its effects on PI3K/Akt, VASP, and MAPK phosphorylations were also studied on collaged-activated platelets. Results. Quercetin dose dependently suppressed collagen, thrombin, or ADP-induced platelet aggregation. It significantly inhibited collagen-induced ATP release, P-selectin expression, [Ca2+]i mobilization, integrin-α IIb β 3 activation, and augmented cAMP and VASP levels. Moreover, quercetin attenuated PI3K, Akt, ERK2, JNK1, and p38 MAPK activations, which were supported by platelet-aggregation inhibition with the respective kinase inhibitors. Conclusion. Quercetin-mediated antiplatelet activity involves PI3K/Akt inactivation, cAMP elevation, and VASP stimulation that, in turn, suppresses MAPK phosphorylations. This result suggests quercetin may have a potential to treat cardiovascular diseases involving aberrant platelet activation and inflammation.
Definitions of Friendship and their Consequences in Old Age

ABSTRACT In an attempt to gauge the quality of relationships, definitions of friendship were delineated through inductive analysis of transcripts of guided conversations with 30 men and 30 women aged 60 + who related their biographies using friendships as a constant referent. Two definitions of friendship were constructed, one which focuses on ‘friends as particular individuals’ and another which focuses on ‘friends as relationships’. Each is described in turn, followed by a discussion of the consequences of holding one or the other or both in old age. Suggestions for intervention strategies tailored to specific definitions are made.
Adolescent Psychopathy

This study compared five proposed factor models of psychopathy in a sample of 227 adolescent incarcerated offenders and psychiatric inpatients. Results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that both Cooke and Michie's three-factor model and a four-factor parceled solution using Hare's four factors provided excellent fit. The original two-factor model and the three- and four-factor models from the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version manual provided inadequate fit. Correlational analyses revealed a meaningful pattern of statistically significant relationships between psychopathy factor scores and several factor scores on the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI). Regression analyses indicated that Hare's antisocial factor (Factor 4) provided incremental validity beyond other psychopathy factors in predicting scores on the MACI antisocial-delinquent factor.
On the identity of Liolaemus nigromaculatus Wiegmann, 1834 (Iguania, Liolaemidae) and correction of its type locality

Abstract In the current study, we review the taxonomic status of Liolaemus nigromaculatus. Despite being the nominal species of the nigromaculatus group and being the second species of the genus Liolaemus that was described, this species is of uncertain type locality and its true identification is a matter of discussion. After carefully analyzing several digital pictures of the holotype (juvenile male), reviewing all of the literature concerning the issue, examining specimens of nearly all recognized species of the nigromaculatus group, and determining the locations visited by the specimen collector, we are able to point out the following: 1) Liolaemus nigromaculatus was collected between Puerto Viejo and Copiapó of the Atacama region in Chile, and not in Huasco 2) Liolaemus bisignatus is a nomen nudum, and populations attributed to Liolaemus bisignatus should be referred to as Liolaemus nigromaculatus. 3) There is agreement that Liolaemus copiapoensis is indistinguishable from populations currently referred to as Liolaemus bisignatus (= Liolaemus nigromaculatus), 4) Populations found in Huasco (currently considered the type locality of Liolaemus nigromaculatus) are very similar to those found in Caldera (currently considered Liolaemus bisignatus) and should be designated as Liolaemus nigromaculatus, and 5) Liolaemus oxycephalus and Liolaemus inconspicuus are not synonymous with Liolaemus nigromaculatus, although their true identities are difficult to determine. We also detail several characteristic based on the holotype of Liolaemus nigromaculatus, in addition to drawing diagnostic comparisons between this species and others belonging to the nigromaculatus group.
How to enhance service quality through organizational facilitators, collective work engagement, and relational service competence

This study aims to test how collective work engagement and relational service competence, as affective and cognitive-competent collective states, mediate the relationship between organizational facilitators and customers' perceptions of service quality. In all, 107 service-oriented units were aggregated from 615 service workers and 2165 customers. Structural equation modelling confirmed that organizational facilitators are related to collective work engagement andrelational service competence, which play a mediating role between organizational facilitators and service quality. Whereas collective work engagement plays a partially mediating role between organizational facilitators and relational service competence, relational service competence plays a fully mediating role between collective work engagement and service quality. A discussion and limitations are also provided.
Variability among Males in Sexually Selected Attributes

Greater male than female variability is found in behavioral and morphological traits in animals. A theory that greater male variability is associated with variability in parental investment is described and contrasted with sexual strategies theory, which posits no sex differences in variability. Predictions from the theories were tested through meta-analyses of variance ratios for data sets involving sexually selected characteristics (physical aggression and 5 aspects of mate choice) and 2 unlikely to have resulted from sexual selection (anger and self-esteem). Variation was significantly greater among men than women in 5 of the 6 former data sets and was similar for men and women in the latter 2 data sets, broadly supporting the predictions. A further analysis extends the theory to intellectual abilities.
Dialect classification in the Himalayas: a computational approach

Linguistic fieldwork data ‐ in the form of basic vocabulary lists ‐ for nine closely related language varieties are compared using an automatic procedure with manual feedback, whose major advantage is its complete consistency. The results of the vocabulary comparison turn out to be in accord with other linguistic features, making this methodology a promising addition to the toolbox of genetic lingusitics.
Delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction in adults with sickle cell disease: a 5‐year experience

Delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions (DHTR) are potentially life‐threatening complications in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Between 1 August 2008 and 31 December 2013, 220 of 637 adult patients in our centre had at least one red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in 2158 separate transfusion episodes. Twenty‐three DHTR events occurred in 17 patients (13 female) including 15 HbSS, one HbSC and one HbSβ0 thalassaemia, equating to a DHTR rate of 7·7% of patients transfused. Mean interval from RBC transfusion to DHTR event was 10·1 ± 5·4 d, and typical presenting features were fever, pain and haemoglobinuria. Twenty of the 23 (87·0%) DHTR episodes occurred following transfusion in the acute setting. Notably, 11/23 (47·8%) of DHTRs were not diagnosed at the time of the event, most were misdiagnosed as a vaso‐occlusive crisis. 16/23 DHTRs had ‘relative reticulocytopenia’, which was more common in older patients. Seven of 23 episodes resulted in alloantibody formation, and three caused autoantibody formation. DHTRs are a severe but uncommon complication of RBC transfusion in SCD and remain poorly recognized, possibly because they mimic an acute painful crisis. Most of the DHTRs are triggered by RBC transfusion in the acute setting when patients are in an inflammatory state.
A Combination DNA and Attenuated Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine Strategy Provides Enhanced Protection from Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Induced Disease

ABSTRACT Among the most effective vaccine candidates tested in the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/macaque system, live attenuated viruses have been shown to provide the best protection from challenge. To investigate if preimmunization would increase the level of protection afforded by live attenuated SIVmac239Δnef (Δnef), macaques were given two priming immunizations of DNA encoding SIV Gag and Pol proteins, with control macaques receiving vector DNA immunizations. In macaques receiving the SIV DNA inoculation, SIV-specific cellular but not humoral responses were readily detectable 2 weeks after the second DNA inoculation. Following boosting with live attenuated virus, control of Δnef replication was superior in SIV-DNA-primed macaques versus vector-DNA-primed macaques and was correlated with higher levels of CD8+/gamma-interferon-positive and/or interleukin-2-positive cells. Challenge with an intravenous inoculation of simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) strain SHIV89.6p resulted in infection of all animals. However, macaques receiving SIV DNA as the priming immunizations had statistically lower viral loads than control animals and did not develop signs of disease, whereas three of seven macaques receiving vector DNA showed severe CD4+ T-cell decline, with development of AIDS in one of these animals. No correlation of immune responses to protection from disease could be derived from our analyses. These results demonstrate that addition of a DNA prime to a live attenuated virus provided better protection from disease following challenge than live attenuated virus alone.
Anti-Immigrant Attitudes in Europe: Outgroup Size and Perceived Ethnic Threat

This study focuses on ethnic competition as a contextual explanation of cross-national differences in anti-immigrant prejudice. It contributes to the existing literature by refining the concept of ethnic competition into a socio-economic and a cultural aspect, which is reflected in two different measures of outgroup size. To improve cross-national comparability, the outgroup size measure is based on foreign country of birth instead of citizenship. Moreover, as outgroup size does not only measure competition, but also contact opportunities and familiarity with immigration, intergroup contact theory is taken into account and a non-linear relationship between outgroup size and perceived ethnic threat is tested. This study employs multi-level linear regression and uses the first round data set of the European Social Survey. The main conclusions of this analysis are that economic and social competition between groups might play a lesser role in the explanation of cross-national differences in anti-immigrant attitudes than often assumed, and that it might be rather lacking familiarity and fear of conflict over values and culture that drive the relationship between outgroup size and anti-immigrant attitudes.