Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Golf putt outcomes are predicted by sensorimotor cerebral EEG rhythms

It is not known whether frontal cerebral rhythms of the two hemispheres are implicated in fine motor control and balance. To address this issue, electroencephalographic (EEG) and stabilometric recordings were simultaneously performed in 12 right‐handed expert golfers. The subjects were asked to stand upright on a stabilometric force platform placed at a golf green simulator while playing about 100 golf putts. Balance during the putts was indexed by body sway area. Cortical activity was indexed by the power reduction in spatially enhanced alpha (8–12 Hz) and beta (13–30 Hz) rhythms during movement, referred to as the pre‐movement period. It was found that the body sway area displayed similar values in the successful and unsuccessful putts. In contrast, the high‐frequency alpha power (about 10–12 Hz) was smaller in amplitude in the successful than in the unsuccessful putts over the frontal midline and the arm and hand region of the right primary sensorimotor area; the stronger the reduction of the alpha power, the smaller the error of the unsuccessful putts (i.e. distance from the hole). These results indicate that high‐frequency alpha rhythms over associative, premotor and non‐dominant primary sensorimotor areas subserve motor control and are predictive of the golfer's performance.
Prediction of cardiovascular mortality in middle-aged men by dietary and serum linoleic and polyunsaturated fatty acids.

BACKGROUND Substitution of dietary polyunsaturated for saturated fat has long been recommended for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but only a few prospective cohort studies have provided support for this advice. METHODS We assessed the association of dietary linoleic and total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake with cardiovascular and overall mortality in a population-based cohort of 1551 middle-aged men. Dietary fat composition was estimated with a 4-day food record and serum fatty acid composition. RESULTS During the 15-year follow-up, 78 men died of CVD and 225 of any cause. Total fat intake was not related to CVD or overall mortality. Men with an energy-adjusted dietary intake of linoleic acid (relative risk [RR] 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21-0.71) and PUFA (RR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.20-0.70) in the upper third were less likely to die of CVD than men with intake in the lower third after adjustment for age. Multivariate adjustment weakened the association somewhat. Mortality from CVD was also lower for men with proportions of serum esterified linoleic acid (RR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.21-0.80) and PUFA (RR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.12-0.50) in the upper vs lower third, with some attenuation in multivariate analyses. Serum and to a lesser extent dietary linoleic acid and PUFA were also inversely associated with overall mortality. CONCLUSIONS Dietary polyunsaturated and more specifically linoleic fatty acid intake may have a substantial cardioprotective benefit that is also reflected in overall mortality. Dietary fat quality seems more important than fat quantity in the reduction of cardiovascular mortality in men.
G28.17+0.05: An Unusual Giant H I Cloud in the Inner Galaxy

New 21 cm H I observations have revealed a giant H I cloud in the Galactic plane that has unusual properties. It is quite well defined, about 150 pc in diameter at a distance of 5 kpc, and contains as much as 105 M☉ of atomic hydrogen. The outer parts of the cloud appear in H I emission above the H I background, while the central regions show H I self-absorption. Models that reproduce the observations have a core with a temperature ≲40 K and an outer envelope as much as an order of magnitude hotter. The cold core is elongated along the Galactic plane, whereas the overall outline of the cloud is approximately spherical. The warm and cold parts of the H I cloud have similar and relatively large line widths, ~7 km s-1. The cloud core is a source of weak, anomalously excited 1720 MHz OH emission, also with a relatively large line width, which delineates the region of H I self-absorption but is slightly blueshifted in velocity. The intensity of the 1720 MHz OH emission is correlated with NH derived from models of the cold core. There is 12CO emission associated with the cloud core. Most of the cloud mass is in molecules, and the total mass is greater than 2 × 105 M☉. In the cold core the H I mass fraction may be ~10%. The cloud has only a few sites of current star formation. There may be ~100 more objects like this in the inner Galaxy; every line of sight through the Galactic plane within 50° of the Galactic center probably intersects at least one. We suggest that G28.17+0.05 is a cloud being observed as it enters a spiral arm and that it is in the transition from the atomic to the molecular state.
Task Tolerance of MT Output in Integrated Text Processes

The importance of machine translation (MT) in the stream of text-handling processes has become readily apparent in many current production settings as well as in research programs such as the Translingual Information Detection, Extraction, and Summarization (TIDES) program. The MT Proficiency Scale project has developed a means of baselining the inherent "tolerance" that a text-handling task has for raw MT output, and thus how good the output must be in order to be of use to that task. This method allows for a prediction of how useful a particular system can be in a text-handling process stream, whether in integrated, MT-embedded processes, or less integrated user-intensive processes.
Management of hypersensitivity reactions to iodinated contrast media

All iodinated contrast media (CM) are known to cause both immediate (≤1 h) and nonimmediate (>1 h) hypersensitivity reactions. Although for most immediate reactions an allergic hypersensitivity cannot be demonstrated, recent studies indicate that the severe immediate reactions may be IgE‐mediated, while most of the nonimmediate exanthematous skin reactions, appear to be T‐cell mediated. Patients who experience such hypersensitivity reactions are therefore advised to undergo an allergologic evaluation. Several investigators have found skin testing to be useful in confirming a CM allergy, especially in patients with nonimmediate skin eruptions. If a patient with confirmed allergy to a CM needs a new CM exposure, a skin test negative CM should be chosen and premedication may be tried. However, none of these precautional measures is a guarantee against a repeat reaction. More research focusing on pathomechanisms, diagnostic testing and premedication is therefore clearly needed in order to prevent CM‐induced hypersensitivity reactions in the future.
Measuring motivation in collaborative inquiry-based learning contexts

This paper argues that for understanding motivation in collaborative inquiry-based learning settings, there is an urgent need to develop new instruments that can capture the impact of the changes from the learning of well-defined content to open-ended inquiry and from individual learning to group-based learning on learning motivation. It reports on the development of such an instrument, the Collaborative Inquiry-based Project Questionnaire (CIPQ). Confirmatory factor analysis of the CIPQ data on six independent groups (n=269, 235, 173, 192, 300 and 254) of students who participated computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) projects has consistently yielded a five-factor model of motivation (Project Work, Social Learning, Task, Reinforcement and Social Pressure factors). The validity of CIPQ was indicated by the empirical relationship found between the five factor scores and independent measures of the levels of project engagement of the students.
Differences in the Pattern of Hemodynamic Response to Self-Face and Stranger-Face Images in Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Study

There have been no reports concerning the self-face perception in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). The purpose of this study was to compare the neuronal correlates of viewing self-face images (i.e. images of familiar face) and stranger-face images (i.e. images of an unfamiliar face) in female adolescents with and without AN. We used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure hemodynamic responses while the participants viewed full-color photographs of self-face and stranger-face. Fifteen females with AN (mean age, 13.8 years) and 15 age- and intelligence quotient (IQ)-matched female controls without AN (mean age, 13.1 years) participated in the study. The responses to photographs were compared with the baseline activation (response to white uniform blank). In the AN group, the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) significantly increased in the right temporal area during the presentation of both the self-face and stranger-face images compared with the baseline level. In contrast, in the control group, the concentration of oxy-Hb significantly increased in the right temporal area only during the presentation of the self-face image. To our knowledge the present study is the first report to assess brain activities during self-face and stranger-face perception among female adolescents with AN. There were different patterns of brain activation in response to the sight of the self-face and stranger-face images in female adolescents with AN and controls.
Therapy and prevention of arthritis by recombinant adeno-associated virus vector with delivery of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the recombinant adeno-associated virus vector encoding interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (rAAV-IL-1Ra) complementary DNA for its potential in the treatment and prevention of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced arthritis. METHODS The therapeutic effect of rAAV-IL-1Ra on arthritis was studied by injecting knees of Sprague-Dawley rats with LPS and rAAV-IL-1Ra and then evaluating the severity of arthritis by leukocyte counts in synovial fluid, histologic changes of synovium, and uptake of 67Ga citrate in joint tissue. To study the therapeutic effect on recurrent arthritis, we induced recurrent arthritis by a second injection of LPS 80 days after primary LPS and rAAV-IL-1Ra injections and then evaluated the severity of recurrent arthritis. To study the prevention of arthritis, rAAV-IL-1Ra was injected into normal joints. After 100 days, LPS was used to induce arthritis, and the severity of arthritis was evaluated. RESULTS The production of the rAAV-IL-1Ra transgene was up-regulated by LPS-induced joint inflammation and proved to be efficacious in the therapeutic and preventative protocols. Not only primary but also recurrent arthritis could be suppressed by a single injection of rAAV-IL-1Ra. We found that the transgene expression of IL-1Ra could be reactivated by a second challenge with LPS delayed for 80 days after rAAV administration. The therapeutic level of IL-1Ra protein reached a mean +/- SD of 5.8+/-0.5 ng/ml in synovial fluid. In addition, the rAAV transgene persisted within normal joints for at least 100 days and could still be induced to express, after LPS insult, a high level of IL-1Ra (mean +/- SD 5.2+/-0.8 ng/ml) that prevented the occurrence of arthritis. CONCLUSION This gene therapy, by combining highly efficient and stable rAAV gene delivery, disease-regulated gene expression, and the antiinflammatory effect of IL-1Ra, provides a valuable approach for long-term protection against, and prevention of, arthritis.
Material Characterization of FGM Plates Using Elastic Waves and an Inverse Procedure

A computational inverse procedure is presented for characterization of the material properties of functionally graded materials (FGMs) using the surface displacement response of the plate. Amodified hybrid numerical method is first developed combining some existing techniques to compute the wave field in an FGM plate for given material properties and their variation in the thickness direction. The modified HNM allows a linear variation of material properties in the element in the thickness direction. This is to reduce the number of elements needed to model the material variation of FGM. The modified HNM is proven more efficient than the original HNM. The high efficiency paves the way for inverse procedure. The reconstruction of the material properties of FGM plates is performed using an inverse procedure of nonlinear least squares method. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the present procedure for material characterization of FGM plates. The present procedure can recover accurately the material properties of an FGM with an initial guess of up to 40% off from their true values.
Factorization conjecture and the open/closed string correspondence

We present evidence for the factorization of the world-sheet path integrals for 2d conformal field theories on the disk into bulk and boundary contributions. This factorization is then used to reinterpret a shift in closed string backgrounds in terms of boundary deformations in background independent open string field theory. We give a proof of the factorization conjecture in the cases where the background is represented by WZW and related models.
THE PREDICTION OF STRESSES AND DEFORMATIONS IN A SAND MASS ADJACENT TO A RETAINING WALL

A FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD OF CALCULATION FOR THE SOLUTION OF SOIL MECHANICS BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS IS PRESENTED. THE METHOD UTILIZES STRESS AND VELOCITY CHARACTERISTICS IN CONJUNCTION WITH A REALISTIC STRESS-STRAIN RELATION FOR THE SOIL, THUS ALLOWING THE COMPUTATION OF COMPATIBLE DISTRIBUTIONS OF BOTH STRESS AND STRAIN AND HENCE, ALSO, THE PREDICTION OF PROGRESSIVE FAILURE. PREDICTED AND EXPERIMENTALLY OBSERVED DATA ARE PRESENTED FOR THE CASE OF A MODEL RETAINING WALL ROTATING ABOUT ITS BOTTOM INTO LEIGHTON BUZZARD SAND, CAUSING PASSIVE FAILURE UNDER PLANE STRAIN CONDITIONS. /TRRL/
Grothendieck's constant and local models for noisy entangled quantum states

We relate the nonlocal properties of noisy entangled states to Grothendieck's constant, a mathematical constant appearing in Banach space theory. For two-qubit Werner states rho p W =p|psi–><psi–|+(1–p)[openface 1]/4, we show that there is a local model for projective measurements if and only if p<=1/KG(3), where KG(3) is Grothendieck's constant of order 3. Known bounds on KG(3) prove the existence of this model at least for p<~0.66, quite close to the current region of Bell violation, p~0.71. We generalize this result to arbitrary quantum states.
The recognition of hybrid modulation signal combined with PRBC and LFM

The recognition of hybrid modulation signal combined with pseudo-random binary phase code (PRBC) and linear frequency modulation (LFM) is investigated. Firstly, with the help of binary tree, we present a recognition methodology for signals including PRBC-LFM hybrid modulation signal, BPSK signal and LFM signal based on phase unwrap and instantaneous frequency(IF). What's more, the decision of recognition thresholds based on Neyman-Pearson (N-P) criterion is discussed and analyzed in detail. In the end, the simulations about recognition of PRBC-LFM signal are implemented, and results indicate our methodology possesses fine recognition performance in proper SNR levels.
Positional cloning of the young mutation identifies an essential role for the Brahma chromatin remodeling complex in mediating retinal cell differentiation

Zebrafish with the young (yng) mutation show a defect in retinal cell differentiation. Here we demonstrate that a mutation in a brahma-related gene (brg1) is responsible for the yng phenotype. Brahma homologues function as essential subunits for SWI/SNF-type chromatin remodeling complexes. Our analysis indicates that brg1 is required for the wave of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity that precedes retinal cell differentiation. Using specific inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway we show this signal has a direct role in retinal cell differentiation. Lastly, through investigations of mutants in other chromatin remodeling subunits, we provide genetic evidence for gene and tissue specificity of the Brahma chromatin remodeling complex.
and Differentiation into Suppressor CellsExpansion Double-Negative T Cell Peripheral TCR/Self-Antigen Interactions Drive

2 Mature CD4 (cid:1) CD8 (cid:1) (cid:2)(cid:3) (cid:4) T cells (DNTC) in the periphery of TCR transgenic mice are resistant to clonal deletion in cognate Ag-expressing (Ag (cid:4) ) mice. Previously, we have characterized DNTC populations bearing the alloreactive 2C TCR in Ag-free (Ag (cid:1) ) and Ag (cid:4) mice. Despite appearing functionally anergic when challenged with cognate Ag in vitro, Ag-experienced DNTC exhibit markers of activation/memory, a lowered threshold of activation, ex vivo cytolytic activity, and the ability to rapidly secrete IFN- (cid:5) . Remarkably, these memory-like DNTC also possess potent immunoregulatory properties, competing effectively for by-stander-produced IL-2 and suppressing autoreactive CD8 (cid:4) T cell proliferation via a Fas/FasL-dependent cytolytic mechanism. The fact that DNTC recovered from Ag (cid:4) mice possess markers and attributes characteristic of naive CD8 (cid:4) T cells that have undergone homeostasis-induced proliferation suggested that they may be derived from a similar peripheral expansion process. Naive DNTC adoptively transferred into Ag-bearing hosts rapidly acquire markers and functional attributes of DNTC that have continually developed in the presence of Ag. Thus, the peripheral selection and maintenance of such autoreactive cells may serve to negatively regulate potential autoimmune T cell responses. The Journal of Immunology, 2001, 167: 6188–6194.
Abnormal Urinary Kallikrein in Hypertension Is Not Related To Aldosterone Or Plasma Renin Activity

SUMMARY The relationships between urinary kallikrein (Uk.,), and plasma renin activity (PRA), urinary aldosterone (U«ldo), Na+ balance, SK+, and renal function were studied in essential hypertensives (EHT) and normals. Utal was measured by a radiochemical esterolytic assay. We studied 18 white patients with EHT (15 men, 3 women) ages 31.6 ± 2.1 (SEM) yrs, BP 138 ± 2/95 ± 2 mm Hg. and 12 white normals (NLS) (7 men, 5 women) ages 30.2 ± 2 3 yrs, BP 112 ± 4/71 ± 2 mm Hg. All received a 5-day diet of 400 raEq Na+, 80 mEq K+/day, and 5 days of 10 mEq Na+, 80 mEq K+/day. All achieved Na+ balance by Day 5. On Day 5 of the low Na+ diet, 24 hr. U$, in EHT was 15.8 ± 2.4 (esterase units/24 hr) rs NLS, 17.0 ± 2.8. PRA was the same in EHT and NLS, but U.ldo was higher in NLS. (Day 5, low Na+, EHT, U«ld0 − 29.4 ± 33 Mg/24h. vs NLS 41.8 ± 4.7, p< 0.02). Analysis of individuals showed that all NLS increased U after salt restriction, while 3 EHT decreased U$j after salt restriction. This abnormal response In EHT was not related to abnormalities in Undo, PRA, Na+ balance, SK+, or creatinine clearance. In 3 EHT with low-renln EHT, toe UkaJresponse was normal. In two of four patients with primary aldosteronism, Ut. , was normal despite increasedU.ido- The Urn response to salt restriction is abnormal in some EHT, unrelated to U$ao or PRA, suggesting either a primary defect in U$, and/or the presence of other factors modulating U$, in EHT.
Mechanisms of clinical resistance to fluoroquinolones in Enterococcus faecalis

About 10% of 100 clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis were resistant to greater than or equal to 25 micrograms of norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and temafloxacin per ml. In this study, the DNA gyrase of E. faecalis was purified from a fluoroquinolone-susceptible strain (ATCC 19433) and two resistant isolates, MS16968 and MS16996. Strains MS16968 and MS16996 were 64- to 128-fold and 16- to 32-fold less susceptible, respectively, to fluoroquinolones than was ATCC 19433; MICs of nonquinolone antibacterial agents for these strains were almost equal. The DNA gyrase from ATCC 19433 had two subunits, designated A and B, with properties similar to those of DNA gyrase from other gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus luteus. Inhibition of the supercoiling activity of the enzyme from ATCC 19433 by the fluoroquinolones correlated with their antibacterial activities. In contrast, preparations of DNA gyrase from MS16968 and MS16996 were at least 30-fold less sensitive to inhibition of supercoiling by the fluoroquinolones than the gyrase from ATCC 19433 was. Experiments that combined heterologous gyrase subunits showed that the A subunit from either of the resistant isolates conferred resistance to fluoroquinolones. These findings indicate that an alteration in the gyrase A subunit is the major contributor to fluoroquinolone resistance in E. faecalis clinical isolates. A difference in drug uptake may also contribute to the level of fluoroquinolone resistance in these isolates.
Host Gene Expression Signatures Discriminate between Ferrets Infected with Genetically Similar H1N1 Strains

Different respiratory viruses induce virus-specific gene expression in the host. Recent evidence, including those presented here, suggests that genetically related isolates of influenza virus induce strain-specific host gene regulation in several animal models. Here, we identified systemic strain-specific gene expression signatures in ferrets infected with pandemic influenza A/California/07/2009, A/Mexico/4482/2009 or seasonal influenza A/Brisbane/59/2007. Using uncorrelated shrunken centroid classification, we were able to accurately identify the infecting influenza strain with a combined gene expression profile of 10 selected genes, independent of the severity of disease. Another gene signature, consisting of 7 genes, could classify samples based on lung pathology. Furthermore, we identified a gene expression profile consisting of 31 probes that could classify samples based on both strain and severity of disease. Thus, we show that expression-based analysis of non-infected tissue enables distinction between genetically related influenza viruses as well as lung pathology. These results open for development of alternative tools for influenza diagnostics.
Cascade of neural processing orchestrates cognitive control in human frontal cortex

Rapid and flexible interpretation of conflicting sensory inputs in the context of current goals is a critical component of cognitive control that is orchestrated by frontal cortex. The relative roles of distinct subregions within frontal cortex are poorly understood. To examine the dynamics underlying cognitive control across frontal regions, we took advantage of the spatiotemporal resolution of intracranial recordings in epilepsy patients while subjects resolved color-word conflict. We observed differential activity preceding the behavioral responses to conflict trials throughout frontal cortex; this activity was correlated with behavioral reaction times. These signals emerged first in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) before dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), followed by medial frontal cortex (mFC) and then by orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). These results disassociate the frontal subregions based on their dynamics, and suggest a temporal hierarchy for cognitive control in human cortex. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.12352. 001