Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parental depression, maternal antidepressant use during pregnancy, and risk of autism spectrum disorders: population based case-control study

Objective To study the association between parental depression and maternal antidepressant use during pregnancy with autism spectrum disorders in offspring. Design Population based nested case-control study. Setting Stockholm County, Sweden, 2001-07. Participants 4429 cases of autism spectrum disorder (1828 with and 2601 without intellectual disability) and 43 277 age and sex matched controls in the full sample (1679 cases of autism spectrum disorder and 16 845 controls with data on maternal antidepressant use nested within a cohort (n=589 114) of young people aged 0-17 years. Main outcome measure A diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, with or without intellectual disability. Exposures Parental depression and other characteristics prospectively recorded in administrative registers before the birth of the child. Maternal antidepressant use, recorded at the first antenatal interview, was available for children born from 1995 onwards. Results A history of maternal (adjusted odds ratio 1.49, 95% confidence interval 1.08 to 2.08) but not paternal depression was associated with an increased risk of autism spectrum disorders in offspring. In the subsample with available data on drugs, this association was confined to women reporting antidepressant use during pregnancy (3.34, 1.50 to 7.47, P=0.003), irrespective of whether selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or non-selective monoamine reuptake inhibitors were reported. All associations were higher in cases of autism without intellectual disability, there being no evidence of an increased risk of autism with intellectual disability. Assuming an unconfounded, causal association, antidepressant use during pregnancy explained 0.6% of the cases of autism spectrum disorder. Conclusions In utero exposure to both SSRIs and non-selective monoamine reuptake inhibitors (tricyclic antidepressants) was associated with an increased risk of autism spectrum disorders, particularly without intellectual disability. Whether this association is causal or reflects the risk of autism with severe depression during pregnancy requires further research. However, assuming causality, antidepressant use during pregnancy is unlikely to have contributed significantly towards the dramatic increase in observed prevalence of autism spectrum disorders as it explained less than 1% of cases.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTORYANG MEMPENGARUHIMINAT BELI KONSUMEN TERHADAPLAYANAN INTERNET BANKING MANDIRIStudi Kasus Pada KaryawanDepartemen Pekerjaan Umum Jakarta

Penelitian ini menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi minat beli sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan penjualan. Permasalahan penelitian ini adalah masih rendahnya nasabah PT Bank Mandiri yang melakukan aktivasi di bewsite resmi Mandiri. Dalam penelitian ini diajukan model penelitian untuk menganalisis minat beli terhadap layanan Internet Banking Mandiri dengan menguji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya yaitu daya tarik iklan, kompetrensi tenaga penjualan, dan nilai nilai pelanggan. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel 100 orang karyawan Departemen Pekerjaan Umum yang merupakan nasabah Bank Mandiri. Alat analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi sederhana pada program SPSS. Hasil analisa data menunjukkan bahwa model penelitian mempunyai kesesuaian yang baik, dan semua hipotesis penelitian dapat dibuktikan. Kesimpulan yang diambil adalah daya tarik iklan dan nilai pelanggan secara siginifikan berpengaruh terhadap minat beli. Namun kompetensi tenaga penjualan tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap minat beli, meskipun berpengaruh positif pula pada minat beli.
Quantitative determination of glucose transfer between cocurrent laminar water streams in a H‐shaped microchannel

To explore the applicability of a laminar fluid diffusion interface (LFDI) for the controlled feeding of microbioreactors, glucose diffusion experiments were carried out in a rounded H‐shaped microstructure etched in a glass substrate. The diffusion channel of the microstructure had a length of 4 mm and a depth of 50 μm with a trapezoidal cross section with a width of 100 μm at the bottom and 200 μm at the surface of the channel. The microchannel was operated at residence times of less than 1 s ensuring high‐mass‐transfer rates. It was confirmed, both by microscopic observations as well as computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies that the flow characteristics in the microchannel were fully laminar. Special attention was paid to flow splitting at the end of the channel, because the CFD simulations indicated that the performance of the device was sensitive to unequal flow splitting. The difference in outflow volume of the two streams was measured to be small (1.25% ± 0.6%). The measured glucose concentration in both exit ports at a fixed residence time was found to be stable in time and reproducible in multiple experiments. CFD simulation was shown to be a powerful tool for estimating the mass transfer in the LFDI, even at very short residence times. The results obtained in this work show the applicability of LFDI for the controlled diffusive supply of a solute to a water stream, with as possible application substrate and/or precursor feeding to microreactors. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 2009
Fast Reconstruction of Compact Context-Specific Metabolic Network Models

Systemic approaches to the study of a biological cell or tissue rely increasingly on the use of context-specific metabolic network models. The reconstruction of such a model from high-throughput data can routinely involve large numbers of tests under different conditions and extensive parameter tuning, which calls for fast algorithms. We present fastcore, a generic algorithm for reconstructing context-specific metabolic network models from global genome-wide metabolic network models such as Recon X. fastcore takes as input a core set of reactions that are known to be active in the context of interest (e.g., cell or tissue), and it searches for a flux consistent subnetwork of the global network that contains all reactions from the core set and a minimal set of additional reactions. Our key observation is that a minimal consistent reconstruction can be defined via a set of sparse modes of the global network, and fastcore iteratively computes such a set via a series of linear programs. Experiments on liver data demonstrate speedups of several orders of magnitude, and significantly more compact reconstructions, over a rival method. Given its simplicity and its excellent performance, fastcore can form the backbone of many future metabolic network reconstruction algorithms.
Basic colour terms in modern Greek: Twelve terms including two blues

We describe an investigation of Modern Greek colour terms intended to establish its set of basic colour terms (BCTs). Pilot work suggested that Greek had terms for each of the Berlin & Kay (1969) eleven ‘universal categories’. These terms, plus [γalazjo] “light blue”, were the most frequent terms in Greek texts. Four naming studies with varying stimuli (Munsell, Color-aid and NCS), lighting (daylight, illuminant C and fluorescent), instructions (no restriction on terms or only essential terms), and informants (bilingual Greek-English students and monolingual Greek speakers from Crete) were carried out. Measures of basicness included frequency, consistency and consensus of use, naming time and ‘necessity’. The results supported the analysis of texts, suggesting that Greek has twelve BCTs, including two terms for blue. The ranges of the two blue terms differ mainly in lightness, and this division is similar to the equivalent divisions in Russian and Turkish. However, the positions of the best examples vary across the three languages presenting difficulties for a common account of the origins of the additional term. The use of BCTs was reasonably stable across variations in methods, stimuli, lighting and informants, suggesting that field studies with limited control over these variables may nevertheless be able to identify BCTs.
Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 and Serum Growth-Promoting Activity during the First Postnatal Year in Infants with Intrauterine Growth Retardation

ABSTRACT: Follow-up from birth to age 12 months was obtained in 21 infants born with intrauterine growth retardation. Serum insulin-like growth factor 1 was measured by radioimmunoassay. The bioassayable growth-promoting activity of the serum was measured as the “thymidine activity” on lectin-activated lymphocytes at 5 days and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, and was compared with control values. Depending on their length at age 12 months, the intrauterine growth retardation infants were divided into three groups: at or above the average (n = 8, group A), between the mean and −2 SD (n = 7, group B), or less than −2 SD (n = 6, group C). No differences in nutritional indexes or in head circumference were found between the three groups. Insulin-like growth factor 1 was significantly lower at age 5 days in intrauterine growth retardation than in control infants. It increased slowly in groups A and B to reach the control values at age 9 and 12 months. In group C it remained significantly subnormal at 1 yr of age. Thymidine activity was also significantly lower at age 5 days in intrauterine growth retardation compared with control infants. It increased sharply at age 1–3 months in groups A and B but remained significantly lower in group C up to 1 yr of age. Although individual values of insulin-like growth factor 1 and thymidine activity were closely correlated, the increase of length during the first postnatal year correlated significantly with the thymidine activity levels at 1 and 3 months but not with the insulin-like growth factor 1 levels at 1, 3, and 6 months. These data may be of some physiological significance for understanding the postnatal catch-up growth occurring after intrauterine growth retardation.
Histogram-based image registration for real-time high dynamic range videos

We introduce a novel approach for image registration for high dynamic range (HDR) videos. We estimate a translation vector between two low dynamic range (LDR) frames captured at different exposure settings. By using row and column histograms, counting the number of dark and bright pixels in a row or column, and maximizing the correlation between the histograms of two consecutive frames, we reduce the two-dimensional problem to two one-dimensional searches. This saves computation time, which is critical in recording HDR videos in real-time. The robustness of our estimation is increased through application of a Kalman filter. A novel certainty criterium controls whether the estimated translation is used directly or discarded and extrapolated from previous frames. Our experiments show that our proposed approach performs registration more robustly on videos and is 1.4 to 3 times faster than comparable algorithms.
Time of HIV diagnosis in infants after weaning from breast milk

Of 28 infants diagnosed with HIV infections after the recommended time of breastfeeding cessation in a large clinical trial (the Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals and Nutrition Study), 19 (68%) were first detected more than 6 weeks (and up to 168 days) after recommended weaning. The current WHO recommendation for HIV testing of infants is at 6 weeks or more after weaning; these data argue for repeat HIV testing of infants up to 6 months after breastfeeding cessation, so that no infant HIV infections are missed.
CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF IMIPRAMINE.

Imipramine possesses the following cardiovascular effects: It lowers the blood pressure in anesthetized dogs in doses from 1 to 8 mg/kg, i.v. However, in unanesthetized renal hypertensive dogs, single i.v. injections (0.32 to 3 mg/kg) of imipramine do not exert an antihypertensive effect. Myocardial contractility and heart rate are increased by low doses (320 µg, i.v.) and decreased by higher doses (2 to 5 mg/kg, i.v.) of imipramine. Coronary blood flow is increased after i.a. injection of small doses (5 to 10 µg), not changed after i.v. doses of 100 to 320 µg/kg, and decreased after i.v. administration of 2 to 5 mg/kg. In the isolated feline heart single doses of 10 to 300 µg cause a negative inotropic effect and increase coronary flow. Cardiac output in dogs is diminished after i.v. injection of 5 mg/kg. The carotid occlusion reflex, Bezold-Jarisch reflex and orthostatic hypertensive reflex are diminished by imipramine in doses up to 5 mg/kg, i.v. The vasopressor responses due to stimulation of the central end of the cut vagi, raising intracranial pressure and stimulation of the splanchnic nerve are unaltered, or, as in the case of the two latter procedures, sometimes enhanced.
WONOEP appraisal: Biomarkers of epilepsy‐associated comorbidities

Neurologic and psychiatric comorbidities are common in patients with epilepsy. Diagnostic, predictive, and pharmacodynamic biomarkers of such comorbidities do not exist. They may share pathogenetic mechanisms with epileptogenesis/ictogenesis, and as such are an unmet clinical need. The objectives of the subgroup on biomarkers of comorbidities at the XIII Workshop on the Neurobiology of Epilepsy (WONOEP) were to present the state‐of‐the‐art recent research findings in the field that highlighting potential biomarkers for comorbidities in epilepsy. We review recent progress in the field, including molecular, imaging, and genetic biomarkers of comorbidities as discussed during the WONOEP meeting on August 31–September 4, 2015, in Heybeliada Island (Istanbul, Turkey). We further highlight new directions and concepts from studies on comorbidities and potential new biomarkers for the prediction, diagnosis, and treatment of epilepsy‐associated comorbidities. The activation of various molecular signaling pathways such as the “Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription,” “mammalian Target of Rapamycin,” and oxidative stress have been shown to correlate with the presence and severity of subsequent cognitive abnormalities. Furthermore, dysfunction in serotonergic transmission, hyperactivity of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenocortical axis, the role of the inflammatory cytokines, and the contributions of genetic factors have all recently been regarded as relevant for understanding epilepsy‐associated depression and cognitive deficits. Recent evidence supports the utility of imaging studies as potential biomarkers. The role of such biomarker may be far beyond the diagnosis of comorbidities, as accumulating clinical data indicate that comorbidities can predict epilepsy outcomes. Future research is required to reveal whether molecular changes in specific signaling pathways or advanced imaging techniques could be detected in the clinical settings and correlate with epilepsy‐associated comorbidities. A reliable biomarker will allow a more accurate diagnosis and improved treatment of epilepsy‐associated comorbidities.
Skeletal muscle reactive oxygen species: A target of good cop/bad cop for exercise and disease

Abstract Metabolic stresses associated with disease, ageing, and exercise increase the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in skeletal muscle. These ROS have been linked mechanistically to adaptations in skeletal muscle that can be favourable (i.e. in response to exercise) or detrimental (i.e. in response to disease). The magnitude, duration (acute versus chronic), and cellular origin of the ROS are important underlying factors in determining the metabolic perturbations associated with the ROS produced in skeletal muscle. In particular, insulin resistance has been linked to excess ROS production in skeletal muscle mitochondria. A chronic excess of mitochondrial ROS can impair normal insulin signalling pathways and glucose disposal in skeletal muscle. In contrast, ROS produced in skeletal muscle in response to exercise has been linked to beneficial metabolic adaptations including mitochondrial biogenesis and muscle hypertrophy. Moreover, unlike insulin resistance, exercise-induced ROS appears to be primarily of non-mitochondrial origin. The present review summarizes the diverse ROS-targeted metabolic outcomes associated with insulin resistance versus exercise in skeletal muscle, thus, presenting two contrasting perspectives of pathologically harmful versus physiologically beneficial ROS. Here, we discuss the key sites of ROS production during exercise and the effect of ROS in skeletal muscle of people with type 2 diabetes.
A hierarchical clustering-based routing protocol for wireless sensor networks supporting multiple data aggregation qualities

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of a large number of energy-limited sensor nodes that are densely deployed in a large geographical region. For WSNs, energy efficiency is always a key design issue to improve the life span of the network. In this paper, we propose a routing protocol, called the Clustering-Based Expanding Ring Routing Protocol (CBERRP), which mainly focuses on the network layer while integrating factors from other layers to gain the preferred performance. CBERRP is a centralised scheme which is controlled by the Base Station (BS) and utilises the two-level hierarchical structure of clusters and chains to route the sensed data to the BS. In addition, CBERRP can be fine-tuned to support multiple Data Aggregation Qualities. The performance of CBERRP is compared to Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and LEACH-Centralised (LEACH-C). Simulation results show that CBERRP presents significant improvement on power consumption, throughput and the network lifetime.
Prognostic Value of Combined “Triple”-Reverse Transcription-PCR Analysis for Prostate-Specific Antigen, Human Kallikrein 2, and Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen mRNA in Peripheral Blood and Lymph Nodes of Prostate Cancer Patients

Purpose: We present the largest study of both peripheral blood and lymph node samples examining the utility of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for established molecular markers as a diagnostic tool in the molecular staging of prostate cancer patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Experimental Design: Peripheral blood from 358 patients was obtained before radical prostatectomy. Corresponding obturatory lymph node samples were collected from 153 of these patients. Nested RT-PCR for prostate-specific antigen (PSA), human kallikrein 2 (hK2), and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) were performed on cDNA from peripheral blood. The lymph node cDNA was analyzed for PSA und hK2 expression. Results: RT-PCR in peripheral blood was positive in 124 (34.6%) of 358 samples for PSA, 215 (60.1%) of 358 for PSMA, and 97 (27.1%) of 358 for hK2. Comparison of positive RT-PCR rates of pT2 and pT3 tumors in corresponding peripheral blood for PSA, PSMA, and hK2 were 31.9 and 40.0%, 58.8 and 62.5%, and 26.9 and 27.5%, respectively. Histopathologically, cancer-free lymph node samples were positive in RT-PCR for PSA and hK2 in 70 (49.6%) of 141 and 89 (63.2%) of 141 of cases. All histologically positive lymph node samples (n = 12, pN+) were positive for PSA RT-PCR. PSA RT-PCR alone, as well as combined PSA/PSMA RT-PCR evaluation, in peripheral blood showed a significant association with grading. PSA RT-PCR lymph node-negative samples were significantly less likely positive in their corresponding peripheral blood RT-PCR sample. Conclusions Although the preoperative PSA RT-PCR in peripheral blood correlated with the grading of prostate cancer, no combination of RT-PCR results using “triple” markers (PSA, hK2, PSMA) in peripheral blood and/or lymph nodes yielded additional preoperative staging information.
Neoadjuvant treatment of unresectable colorectal liver metastases: correlation between tumour response and resection rates.

BACKGROUND Long-term survival is reported in patients with liver metastases of colorectal cancer. Recently, an increased number of reports on liver resection following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with initially unresectable liver metastases has been published. METHODS We analysed all published or presented trials and retrospective studies that report the rate of objective response and the rate of resection of initially unresectable metastases to correlate objective response and the rate of resection of metastases. RESULTS In studies that enrolled patients with metastases confined to the liver, 24-54% of patients were resected following chemotherapy, compared to 1-26% of patients in trials that included non-selected patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. A strong correlation was found between response rates and the resection rate in studies with patients with isolated liver metastases (r = 0.96, P=0.002). Likewise, in studies with non-selected patients, the resection rate of metastases also was associated with the objective response rate (r = 0.74, P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patient selection and efficacy of pre-operative chemotherapy are both strong predictors for resectability of liver metastases. Resectability is a novel endpoint focusing on the curative potential of treatment compared with classical endpoints of response or progression-free survival that are important if palliation is the aim. Therefore, patients with potentially resectable liver metastases should be investigated in special trials and interdisciplinary teams.
Jihad as justification: National survey evidence of belief in violent jihad as a mediating factor for sacred violence among Muslims in Indonesia

Many factors have been used to explain sacred violence. Regardless of the abundance of theories, two issues have emerged: lack of national-level evidence and lack of attention to the justification factor for the violence. We argue that belief in violent jihad serves as justification for sacred violence, and conducted two studies to address the issues. The first study provides narratives on violence justification. The second quantitatively tests the mediating role of belief in violent jihad on sacred violence. It was found that only violent jihad, but not religiosity, fundamentalism, support for Islamic law, or perceptions of unfairness predicted sacred violence.
The 7Ms pedagogy model: Instructional design for learners with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

This study presents a new framework for designing pedagogy in an informed and controlled way. It considers the importance of progression of pedagogy during a learning episode, so that an instructor can modify the pedagogical approach as well as the content in a lesson. The significance and novelty of this research lie in the proposals to provide support for ADHD learners and assist them to overcome their academic weaknesses/challenges through appropriate pedagogically sound interventions. Therefore, in order to contribute to the development of a suitable pedagogical approach for children who diagnosed with ADHD, issues of having ADHD are discussed within the scope of the research. In this respect, an aetiological model of ADHD has been developed to identify different levels of impairments as well as to clarify areas in which educational pedagogies must address the limitations of ADHD learners. Early stage results described here consider evidence to determine the viability of two literature-based models, named the ‘6Ms pedagogy model’ and the ‘aetiological model of ADHD’. In identifying the need to explore an accurate pedagogical model for ADHD children, two models have been evaluated. The analysis is based on a combination of secondary analysis, qualitative, and quantitative data analysis, which covered data, collected from expert advice, including that from professionals, coaches, and teachers and from those involved in the education of learners with ADHD and parents. Evidence from findings on ADHD is married to a new model of pedagogy named the ‘7Ms pedagogy model’. The ADHD pedagogical model is then evaluated by SEN teachers serves to facilitate well-informed and targeted design decisions about pedagogy, which could provide children with support and help them overcome academic limitations.