Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Doping Tb on the Mechanical Properties and Martensitic Transformation of Ni-Mn-Sn Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys

Brittleness and low working temperature are two key factors that restrict the application of Ni-Mn-Sn alloys. Element doping is an effective means to improve performance of materials. In present paper, martensitic transformation (MT) and mechanical properties of Ni48Mn39Sn13−xTbx (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 at.%) alloys are investigated. It is found that the Tb addition refines significantly the grains and causes the formation of a Tb-rich phase. All the samples undergo the martensitic transformation from parent phase to martensite. And the martensitic transformation characteristic temperatures increase remarkably from −60.7 °C for x = 0 to 364.1 °C for x = 5. The appropriate amount of Tb addition in Ni48Mn39Sn13−xTbx (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 at.%) alloys significantly enhances the compressive strength and improves the ductility, which can be ascribed to the grain refinement. The compressive stress of 571.8 MPa and strain 22.0% are obtained in the Ni48Mn39Sn11Tb2 alloy. Then the mechanical properties decrease with the further increased Tb content. Simultaneous improving of martensitic transformation temperature and mechanical properties in Ni-Mn-Sn magnetic alloy are achieved by Tb doping.
High rates of unprotected sex and serosorting among men who have sex with men: A national online study in Norway

Unprotected sexual contact between men remains the predominant means of HIV transmission in men. Aim: To ascertain predictors of unprotected anal intercourse between non-primary partners among a sample of 2096 men who have sex with men in Norway and to characterise the sociosexual profile of men who have sex with men who engage in this behaviour. Methods: A cross-sectional survey, using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire, was conducted in 2010. Results: Multivariate logistic regression showed that the likelihood of engaging in unprotected anal intercourse with non-primary partners was lower for men over 30 years (OR = 0.60), those with higher education (OR = 0.58), and higher HIV-related knowledge (OR = 0.98). The likelihood of engaging in unprotected anal intercourse with non-primary partners was higher among men who have sex with men reporting that condoms had not been available (OR = 1.58), who had a higher number of non-primary anal intercourse partners (OR = 1.20), and who reported use of party drugs (OR = 2.34). These men were not more likely to test for HIV/sexually transmitted infections, but they were more likely to have been diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections, engage in serosorting, and various other sexual behaviours. Conclusions: As we enter the fourth decade of the HIV epidemic, the results for Norwegian men who have sex with men underscore the need for a scaling-up of prevention campaigns, highlighting messages and behavioural strategies that encourage safer sex strategies.
Amifostine Analog, DRDE-30, Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice

Bleomycin (BLM) is an effective curative option in the management of several malignancies including pleural effusions; but pulmonary toxicity, comprising of pneumonitis and fibrosis, poses challenge in its use as a front-line chemotherapeutic. Although Amifostine has been found to protect lungs from the toxic effects of radiation and BLM, its application is limited due to associated toxicity and unfavorable route of administration. Therefore, there is a need for selective, potent, and safe anti-fibrotic drugs. The current study was undertaken to assess the protective effects of DRDE-30, an analog of Amifostine, on BLM-induced lung injury in C57BL/6 mice. Whole body micro- computed tomography (CT) was used to non-invasively observe tissue damage, while broncheo-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were assessed for oxidative damage, inflammation and fibrosis. Changes in the lung density revealed by micro-CT suggested protection against BLM-induced lung injury by DRDE-30, which correlated well with changes in lung morphology and histopathology. DRDE-30 significantly blunted BLM-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis in the lungs evidenced by reduced oxidative damage, endothelial barrier dysfunction, Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, pro-inflammatory cytokine release and protection of tissue architecture, that could be linked to enhanced anti-oxidant defense system and suppression of redox-sensitive pro-inflammatory signaling cascades. DRDE-30 decreased the BLM-induced augmentation in BALF TGF-β and lung hydroxyproline levels, as well as reduced the expression of the mesenchymal marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), suggesting the suppression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) as one of its anti-fibrotic effects. The results demonstrate that the Amifostine analog, DRDE-30, ameliorates the oxidative injury and lung fibrosis induced by BLM and strengthen its potential use as an adjuvant in alleviating the side effects of BLM.
Towards Sub-Word Level Compositions for Sentiment Analysis of Hindi-English Code Mixed Text

Sentiment analysis (SA) using code-mixed data from social media has several applications in opinion mining ranging from customer satisfaction to social campaign analysis in multilingual societies. Advances in this area are impeded by the lack of a suitable annotated dataset. We introduce a Hindi-English (Hi-En) code-mixed dataset for sentiment analysis and perform empirical analysis comparing the suitability and performance of various state-of-the-art SA methods in social media. In this paper, we introduce learning sub-word level representations in our LSTM (Subword-LSTM) architecture instead of character-level or word-level representations. This linguistic prior in our architecture enables us to learn the information about sentiment value of important morphemes. This also seems to work well in highly noisy text containing misspellings as shown in our experiments which is demonstrated in morpheme-level feature maps learned by our model. Also, we hypothesize that encoding this linguistic prior in the Subword-LSTM architecture leads to the superior performance. Our system attains accuracy 4-5% greater than traditional approaches on our dataset, and also outperforms the available system for sentiment analysis in Hi-En code-mixed text by 18%.
A33 antigen‐deficient mice have defective colonic mucosal repair

Background: A33 antigen is a transmembrane protein expressed predominantly in normal intestinal epithelium and most colon cancers and cell lines. The function of A33 antigen is unclear, but indirect evidence indicates a role in cell adhesion, trafficking, and the gut immune response. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution made by A33 antigen in mediating colonic repair following colitis induction in the A33 antigen‐deficient mutant mouse. Methods: Colitis was induced by treatment with TNBS/ethanol. A33 antigen‐deficient or wildtype mice were sacrificed at 0, 3, 7, and 14 days after colitis induction and morphological damage, mucosal proliferation, and inflammatory cell infiltration were quantified. In a subsequent study, following the induction of colitis mice were monitored for 22 days and morbidity and mortality determined. Results: Mice lacking A33 antigen expression were compromised in their ability to resolve TNBS‐induced damage and exhibited distinct crypt pathology. In A33 antigen‐deficient mice morphological damage remained unresolved at 14 days postcolitis induction. Increases in colonic cell proliferation were delayed in A33 antigen‐deficient mice, and the rate of crypt fission was increased after TNBS treatment. Commensurate with these observations, polymorphonuclear cell infiltration was suppressed in the absence of A33 antigen. Mortality following colitis induction was 20% higher in A33 antigen‐deficient mice than in wildtype controls. Conclusions: Mice deficient in A33 antigen expression show impaired resolution of hapten‐induced mucosal damage, leading to increased mortality, associated with impaired epithelial cell proliferation and a suppressed adaptive immune response. This study suggests a contribution for A33 antigen in the colonic healing response following mucosal damage. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009)
CrossFlow: Cross-Organizational Workflow Management in Dynamic Virtual Enterprises

This paper gives a detailed overview of the approach to cross-organizational workflow management developed in the CrossFlow project. CrossFlow is a European research project aiming at the support of cross-organizational workflows in dynamic virtual enterprises. The cooperation in these virtual enterprises is based on dynamic service outsourcing specified in electronic contracts. Service enactment is performed by dynamically linking the workflow management infrastructures of the involved organizations. Extended service enactment support is provided in the form of cross-organizational transaction management and process control, advanced quality of service monitoring, and support for high-level flexibility in service enactment. CrossFlow technology is realized on top of a commercial workflow management platform and applied in two real-world scenarios in the contexts of a logistics and an insurance company.
Mem2Seq: Effectively Incorporating Knowledge Bases into End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialog Systems

End-to-end task-oriented dialog systems usually suffer from the challenge of incorporating knowledge bases. In this paper, we propose a novel yet simple end-to-end differentiable model called memory-to-sequence (Mem2Seq) to address this issue. Mem2Seq is the first neural generative model that combines the multi-hop attention over memories with the idea of pointer network. We empirically show how Mem2Seq controls each generation step, and how its multi-hop attention mechanism helps in learning correlations between memories. In addition, our model is quite general without complicated task-specific designs. As a result, we show that Mem2Seq can be trained faster and attain the state-of-the-art performance on three different task-oriented dialog datasets.
Statistical mechanics and phase diagrams of rotating self-gravitating fermions

We compute statistical equilibrium states of rotating self-gravitating fermions by maximizing the Fermi-Dirac en- tropy at fixed mass, energy and angular momentum. We describe the phase transition from a gaseous phase to a condensed phase (corresponding to white dwarfs, neutron stars or fermion balls in dark matter models) as we vary energy and temperature. We increase the rotation up to the Keplerian limit and describe the flattening of the configuration until mass shedding occurs. At the maximum rotation, the system develops a cusp at the equator. We draw the equilibrium phase diagram of the rotat- ing self-gravitating Fermi gas and discuss the structure of the caloric curve as a function of degeneracy parameter (or system size) and angular velocity. We argue that systems described by the Fermi-Dirac distribution in phase space do not bifurcate to non-axisymmetric structures when rotation is increased, in continuity with the case of polytropes with index n > 0.808 (the Fermi gas at T = 0 corresponds to n = 3/2). This differs from the study of Votyakov et al. (2002) who consider a Fermi-Dirac distribution in configuration space appropriate to stellar formation and find "double star" structures (their model at T = 0c or- responds to n = 0). We also consider the case of classical objects described by the Boltzmann entropy and discuss the influence of rotation on the onset of gravothermal catastrophe (for globular clusters) and isothermal collapse (for molecular clouds). On general grounds, we complete previous investigations concerning the nature of phase transitions in self-gravitating systems. We emphasize the inequivalence of statistical ensembles regarding the formation of binaries (or low-mass condensates) in the microcanonical ensemble (MCE) and Dirac peaks (or massive condensates) in the canonical ensemble (CE). We also describe an hysteretic cycle between the gaseous phase and the condensed phase that are connected by a "collapse" or an "explosion".
Testing Cold Dark Matter with the Low-Mass Tully-Fisher Relation

In most cosmological theories, the galaxy mass function at small masses is related to the small-scale matter power spectrum. The circular velocity function (closely related to the mass function) is well studied for Local Group dwarfs. However, predictions and measurements are difficult for satellite galaxies because of ram pressure and tidal stripping. By contrast, isolated dwarf galaxies are less affected by these processes and almost always have 21 cm emission to trace their dynamics. Here we use isolated low-mass dwarf galaxies from the SDSS, with measured 21 cm widths, to test CDM cosmology. We find consistency between the predicted and observed number density of isolated galaxies down to Vmax ∼ 50 km s−1. Our technique yields a direct test of small-scale cosmology that is independent of but weaker than the Lyα forest: warm dark matter particles heavier than 0.5 keV cannot be ruled out (for the case of thermal gravitinos). New, blind H I surveys are expected to uncover a much larger number of isolated low-mass galaxies and will increase the power of our constraints at small scales. Using our sample, we also find that the Tully-Fisher relation for dwarfs is a strong function of environment, and that the baryon fraction is only a weak function of galaxy mass. Together with the strong dependence of gas fraction on environment, these results indicate that for dwarf galaxies, gas loss and the end of star formation are dominated by external, not internal, processes.
High-pressure scanning tunneling microscopy of a silver surface during catalytic formation of ethylene oxide.

The pressure-gap problem of heterogeneous catalysis designates the question in how far it is valid to expand a reaction mechanism derived with the methods of surface science under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions to the more than 10 orders of magnitude higher pressures of practical catalysis. The main reason for the problem is that at the pressures of practical catalysis most surface analysis techniques cannot be applied. One of the few techniques that can be used under these conditions is scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), in principle offering the chance to image the surface of an operating catalyst with atomic resolution. Using STM we have investigated the ethylene epoxidation over silver, a prime example for the pressure-gap problem. The reaction is a large-scale industrial process, by which 15 million tons of ethylene oxide (EtO) are produced from ethylene and O2 per year. The reaction is performed at 490 to 550 K and 10 to 30 bar on promoted, Al2O3-supported Ag catalysts, giving EtO with a selectivity of about 80%. Surprisingly, despite of more than 40 years of research the reaction mechanism is still heavily debated. The basic step, the attachment of an O atom to the p bond of an ethylene molecule on the Ag surface, seems to be simple. However, there is strong evidence that this step requires a special “active form” of oxygen, the nature of which has remained mysterious. It has so far not been possible to prepare the active form of oxygen in a typical surface science experiment. If one adsorbs O2 at low pressures on an Ag(111) single crystal at room temperature the molecules dissociate. The O atoms induce a reconstruction, a structure change of the topmost Ag layer, on which the O atoms occupy favorable adsorption sites. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of oxygen adsorbed on the reconstructed Ag(111) surface and also on polycrystalline Ag foils shows an O 1s peak at a binding energy (BE) between 528.1 and 528.4 eV (in the following “528 eV species”). If one anneals an Ag sample covered with this oxygen species in the presence of ethylene exclusively the total oxidation products CO2 and H2O are formed. [3f,5a]
Coupling Damage-Sensing Particles to the Digitial Twin Concept

The research presented herein is a first step toward integrating two emerging structural health management paradigms: digital twin and sensory materials. Digital twin is an emerging life management and certification paradigm whereby models and simulations consist of as-built vehicle state, as-experienced loads and environments, and other vehicle-specific history to enable high-fidelity modeling of individual aerospace vehicles throughout their service lives. The digital twin concept spans many disciplines, and an extensive study on the full domain is out of the scope of this study. Therefore, as it pertains to the digital twin, this research focused on one major concept: modeling specifically the as-manufactured geometry of a component and its microstructure (to the degree possible). The second aspect of this research was to develop the concept of sensory materials such that they can be employed within the digital twin framework. Sensory materials are shape-memory alloys that undergo an audible phase transformation while experiencing sufficient strain. Upon embedding sensory materials with a structural alloy, this audible transformation helps improve the reliability of crack detection especially at the early stages of crack growth. By combining these two early-stage technologies, an automated approach to evidence-based inspection and maintenance of aerospace vehicles is sought.
The Political Economy of Corporate Governance

We analyze the political determinants of investor and employment protection. Our model predicts that proportional electoral systems are conducive to weaker investor protection and stronger employment protection than majoritarian systems. This prediction is consistent with international panel data evidence. The proportionality of the voting system is significantly and negatively correlated with shareholder protection in a panel of 45 countries, and positively correlated with employment protection in a panel of 21 OECD countries. Other political variables also affect regulatory outcomes, especially for the labor market. The origin of the legal system has some additional explanatory power only for employment protection.
Polynomial-time approximation scheme for data broadcast

The data broadcast problem is to find a schedule for broadcasting a given set of messages over multiple channels. The goal is to minimize the cost of the broadcast plus the expected response time to clients who periodically and probabilistically tune in to wait for particular messages. The problem models disseminating data to clients in asymmetric communication environments, where there is a much larger capacity from the information source to the clients than in the reverse direction. Examples include satellites, cable TV, internet broadcast, and mobile phones. Such environments favor the "push-based" model where the server broadcasts (pushes) its information on the communication medium and multiple clients simultaneously retrieve the specific information of individual interest. This sort of environment motivates the study of "broadcast disks" in Information Systems [1; 7]. In this paper we present the first polynomial-time approximation scheme for the data broadcast problem for the case when W = O(1) and each message has arbitrary probability, unit length and bounded cost. The best previous polynomialtime approximation algorithm for this case has a performance ratio of 9/8 [6].
QoE Modelling for VP9 and H.265 Videos on Mobile Devices

Current mobile devices and streaming video services support high definition (HD) video, increasing expectation for more contents. HD video streaming generally requires large bandwidth, exerting pressures on existing networks. New generation of video compression codecs, such as VP9 and H.265/HEVC, are expected to be more effective for reducing bandwidth. Existing studies to measure the impact of its compression on users" perceived quality have not been focused on mobile devices. Here we propose new Quality of Experience (QoE) models that consider both subjective and objective assessments of mobile video quality. We introduce novel predictors, such as the correlations between video resolution and size of coding unit, and achieve a high goodness-of-fit to the collected subjective assessment data (adjusted R-square >83%). The performance analysis shows that H.265 can potentially achieve 44% to 59% bit rate saving compared to H.264/AVC, slightly better than VP9 at 33% to 53%, depending on video content and resolution.
Role of the coagulation system in ARDS.

Chest N Hasegawa, A W Husari, W T Hart, T G Kandra and T A Raffin Role of the coagulation system in ARDS. http://chestjournal.chestpubs. org/content/105/1/268.citation can be found online on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services ) ISSN:0012-3692 http://chestjournal.chestpubs. org/site/misc/reprints.xhtml ( without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. reserved. No part of this article or PDF may be reproduced or distributed Chest Physicians, 3300 Dundee Road, Northbrook, IL 60062. All rights of been published monthly since 1935. Copyright1994by the American College is the official journal of the American College of Chest Physicians. It has Chest
Localized gingival enlargements. A clinicopathological study of 1187 cases

Background To describe the incidence, demographic and clinical features of 1187 localized gingival enlargements. Material and Methods 1187 cases of localized gingival enlargements diagnosed during a 20-year period were retrospectively collected. The patients’ gender and age, as well as the main clinical features of the tumors were retrieved from the biopsy report forms. Results The 1187 localized gingival enlargements represented 6.23% of 19.044 biopsies performed during the study period. 756 females and 427 males were affected with a mean age of 41.92±19.68 years. The lesions appeared as smooth (52.4%), granular (17.9%) or rough (13.16%) tumors, elastic (50.73%) or soft (29.56%) in consistency and red (60.8%), normal (28.58%) or white (8.17%) in color. The majority of the lesions (85.17%) were reactive in origin with pyogenic granuloma being the most common. In 1.1% of the cases a diagnosis of malignant lesion was rendered. Conclusions All localized gingival enlargements should be submitted for microscopic examination because in approximately 1% of cases they are malignant. Key words:Localized gingival enlargements, gingival mass, gingival lesions, gingival reactive lesions, gingival malignant lesions.