Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Speech disruptions in pre-school children with specific language impairment and phonological impairment

This study investigated the presence and types of fluency disruptions in the spontaneous speech of two groups of MLU-matched children with specific language impairment (SLI): those whose profiles involved impaired phonology in addition to the language impairment (SLI-Pgroup), and those whose impairments were restricted to language only (SLI group). The speech samples were analysed for disruptions using a modification of the Dollaghan and Campbell (1992) system. Comparisons between the groups revealed a significantly greater frequency of stuttering-like disruptions in the SLI-P group than in the SLI group. All other comparisons, including the total frequency of disruptions, were nonsignificant. Results are discussed with respect to existing literature and the need for further research.
Maraviroc Concentrates in the Cervicovaginal Fluid and Vaginal Tissue of HIV-Negative Women

Objective:To compare single- and multiple-dose maraviroc exposures in cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) and vaginal tissue (VT) with blood plasma (BP) and quantify maraviroc protein binding in CVF. Design:Open-label pharmacokinetic study. Methods:In 12 HIV-negative women, 7 paired CVF and BP samples were collected over 12 hours after 1 maraviroc dose. Subjects then received maraviroc twice daily for 7 days. After the last dose, subjects underwent CVF and BP sampling as on day 1, with additional sampling during terminal elimination. VT biopsies were obtained at steady state. Results:Day 1 and day 7 median maraviroc CVF AUCτ were 1.9- and 2.7-fold higher, respectively, than BP. On day 1, 6 of 12 subjects had detectable maraviroc CVF concentrations within 1 hour; 12 of 12 were detectable within 2 hours, and all exceeded the protein-free IC90. On day 7, maraviroc CVF protein binding was 7.6% and the VT AUCτ was 1.9-fold higher than BP. Maraviroc CVF concentrations 72 hours after dose and BP concentrations 12 hours after dose were similar. Conclusions:Higher maraviroc exposure in the female genital tract provides a pharmacologic basis for further evaluation of chemokine receptor 5 antagonists in HIV infection prophylaxis. This is the first study to report antiretroviral VT concentrations, CVF protein binding, and CVF terminal elimination.
Ties among Adult Siblings

We use a National Survey of Families and Households sample of 7,730 adults with siblings to test a model of perceived and actual sodal support among adult siblings. Despite low levels of actual exchange, nearly 30% of the sample would call on a sibling first in an emergency. Social support among siblings was higherfor those with living sisters andfor those without adult children, butAfrican Americans and respondents with lowereducation andfamily income levels were less likely to be involved in actual exchange with siblings. Although weak supportfrom siblings may simply represent a contraction of the support network to the "inner circle" of parents and children, thesefindings suggest caution in assuming that disadvantaged groups can rely on stronger extendedfamily networks. A small but growing body of research suggests that sibling relations are important to American adults (Bedford 1989). The majority of adults report frequent contact with their siblings as long as distance is not a barrier, and surveys show that affection remains high (Cicirelli 1985; Hugick 1989; Wellman 1979). Scholars have argued that siblings are ideally situated to provide social support: relationships are lifelong, rooted in equality, and normatively supported (Avioli 1989). We do not know, however, whether adult siblings do provide support. Theoretical and empirical attention to social integration and family networks has focused on neighbors, friends, children, and parents, according siblings only peripheral status. In addition, virtually all existing research on adult siblings is based on small, nonrepresentative samples or on studies of the elderly. There are no previous studies of sibling relationships that use a national sample adequate to address sibling ties across the entire adult lifespan or among racial and ethnic groups. In this research, we use a sample of 7,730 adults from the 1987-88 National Survey of Families and Households to examine perceived and actual support among adult siblings. * We wish to acknowledge our colleagues Paul Amato and Suzanne Ortega, whose thoughtful comments provided the impetusforsignificant improvements in this article. Direct correspondence to Lynn X White, Department of Sociology, 711 Oldfather, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0324. i The University of North Carolina Press Social Forces, September 1992, 71(1):85-102 This content downloaded from 157.55. 39.243 on Thu, 06 Oct 2016 04:56:21 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms 86 / Social Forces 71:1, September 1992
Generating high performance matrix kernels for earthquake simulations with viscoelastic attenuation

SeisSol is an earthquake simulator. It uses a discontinuous Galerkin method on unstructured grids with ADER time discretisation and achieves arbitrary high convergence order in space and time. In previous work, SeisSol was tuned for elastic rheological models on supercomputers with modern commodity hardware and shows high sustained peak performance and excellent parallel efficiency. We extend the high performance implementation to viscoelastic rheological models. These are commonly used to model the intrinsic attenuation of seismic waves, which is an important physical effect in the presence of high-frequency seismic waves. While the equation system gets three times larger, we show that we only have an overhead of about 75% compared to elastic rheological models. A strong scaling study shows that we achieve about 20% of peak performance. The numerical scheme leads to a series of small matrix chain products that have to be computed for each element. SeisSol uses a code generator for highly efficient matrix multiplications, however, several manual steps were necessary for tuning each matrix chain product. We present a framework that optimises code generation for matrix chain products in an almost fully automatic way.
Taking stock of naturalistic decision making

We review the progress of naturalistic decision making (NDM) in the decade since the first conference on the subject in 1989. After setting out a brief history of NDM we identify its essential characteristics and consider five of its main contributions: recognition-primed decisions, coping with uncertainty, team decision making, decision errors, and methodology. NDM helped identify important areas of inquiry previously neglected (e.g. the use of expertise in sizing up situations and generating options), it introduced new models, conceptualizations, and methods, and recruited applied investigators into the field. Above all, NDM contributed a new perspective on how decisions (broadly defined as committing oneself to a certain course of action) are made. NDM still faces significant challenges, including improvement of the quantity and rigor of its empirical research, and confirming the validity of its prescriptive models. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Children’s Perceptions of Their ADHD Symptoms

This study investigated the perceptions of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) of their ADHD symptoms in terms of the positive illusory bias (PIB), their attributions for their problem behaviors, and their beliefs about whether their problem behaviors and disorder are stigmatizing. Participants were 152 9- to 14-year-old children (86 ADHD). Children with ADHD demonstrated a PIB for their ADHD symptoms; the discrepancy between their self-reports and parent reports was greater than for children without ADHD. They also viewed their self-identified most problematic behavior as more uncontrollable and stigmatizing (i.e., bothersome to others, leading to differential treatment, and embarrassing) than comparison children. Their perception that their problem behaviors and their disorder were stigmatizing was negatively associated with behavioral self-concept and self-esteem. These results suggest that school psychologists should interpret the self-reports of problem behaviors of children with ADHD with caution while being aware of the vulnerability of these children to feelings of stigma.
The Effects of Leisure Education on Factors Contributing to the Successful Transition of Students with Mental Retardation from School to Adult Life.

Although legally available through PL 101-476, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, leisure education as a part of special education curricula in public schools is minimal. To examine the worth of leisure education for adolescents with mental retardation, this study tested a model program in the public schools in Wake County, North Carolina. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether leisure education taught within a public school system had a significant effect on factors contributing to the successful transition of students with mental retardation from secondary school to adult life. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used including testing, case studies, and content analysis. Findings indicated that as a result of involvement in the model leisure education program, there were positive changes in behaviors and attitudes, such as leisure awareness, activity initiation, participation, and leisure appreciation in the students who participated in the model leisure education program. Discussion explores the application of this type of model to successful transition of adolescents with mental retardation from school to adult life. Limitations, implications, and recommendations are also discussed .
Demonstration of high lateral resolution in laser confocal microscopy using annular and radially polarized light

The authors present the experimental result of improved lateral resolution in laser confocal microscopy (LCM) by using annular and radially polarized light as the input illumination of an existing LCM. The authors examined the lateral resolution of the LCM by imaging a single fluorescent bead and measuring the lateral width of the single bead profile appearing in the optical image. Compared to no aperture and linearly polarized light, the central peak of the single bead profile narrowed by ∼40%, being as small as 122 nm in full width at half maximum using 405 nm laser excitation in a reflection imaging. In addition, the authors showed that radial polarization helps to preserve the circular shape of the single bead profile whereas linearly polarized light tends to induce an elongation along the polarization direction. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION: THE AVAILABILITY OF ALCOHOL‐RELATED COURSE CURRICULUM AND SOCIAL WORKERS' ABILITY TO WORK WITH PROBLEM DRINKERS

An explanatory cross‐sectional investigation was employed to assess how well masters‐level social work (MSW) programs in the State of New York prepare students for practice with problem drinkers. The following areas were explored: (1) the incorporation of alcohol‐related coursework and field placement opportunities within MSW programs; (2) the relationship between students' completion of alcohol‐related courses and field placements and their subsequent ability to diagnose clients with alcohol problems, their willingness to work with problem drinkers, and their levels of alcohol‐related knowledge; and (3) subjects' levels of alcohol‐related knowledge in relation to their diagnostic ability and their willingness to work with problem drinkers. The sample consisted of 89 MSW‐level social work practitioners, who were active members of the New York State Chapter of the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) during the fall of 2005. Fewer than 3% of the sample reported the completion of an alcohol‐related course as a mandatory degree requirement and only 29.5% of the sample acknowledged the completion of an alcohol‐related field placement. These findings suggest that a possible gap exists in what social workers are being taught and what they need to know to successfully work with problem drinkers. The findings indicate that clients with alcohol problems are at risk of going untreated due to social workers' inability to correctly diagnose them as a result of insufficient training in the area of alcohol studies.
Stop using time reproduction tasks in a comparative perspective without further analyses of the role of the motor response: The example of children

The temporal reproduction task is often used to investigate inter-individual differences in the ability to perceive time without any further analyses of the contribution of motor responses to temporal performance. The present study examined the role of motor responses in the reproduction of a 2.5 s and a 4.5 s signal duration in children and adults, with the former producing longer motor responses. The results showed that the 2.5 s duration was overestimated, especially by the younger children, whereas the 4.5 s duration was underestimated in all age groups. Further analyses indicated that the developmental differences related to motor response time explained the age-related difference in temporal reproduction for the shorter duration but not for the longer duration. The modelling of our data suggests that, for the shorter signal duration, the children initiated their responses at the same time as the adults, but that they reproduced longer durations because their motor response took more time to complete. In contrast, for the 4.5 s duration, the children initiated their responses earlier than the adults. However, they reproduced duration values close to the target time because their motor responses took longer. In addition, whatever the duration value to be reproduced, the representation of the sample duration was more variable in the younger children.
Family Therapy for Kids Without Families: Working Systemically With Children and Young People in Residential Care

A significant proportion (4%, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2008) of children and young people in Australia live in some form of residential care, usually in small group-homes staffed by residential care workers in shifts. However, as Hawkins-Rodgers (2007) points out, these placements are often not resourced to heal the effects of trauma and multiple attachment disruptions in their residents. The lack of an archetypal ‘family’ has led in the past to family therapists considering that there is little work to be done with such clients. This leaves such placements to be supported most frequently by clinicians who specialise in behaviour management and other linearly founded models of practice. The Alternate Care Clinic (ACC) is the first mental health service in New South Wales dedicated entirely to children and young people in out of home care with a high level of complex needs. This article examines the systemic therapeutic model the clinic has developed in the last two years. In particular, the article seeks to explore the importance of ‘meaning making’ in a diffuse parental system, particularly with regards to the term ‘family’. The complexities of working in this area and possible ways forward are illustrated with a closely worked case study.
Report on the AES Candidates

This document reports the activities of the AES working group organized at the Ecole Normale Superieure. Several candidates are evaluated. In particular we outline some weaknesses in the designs of some candidates. We mainly discuss selection criteria between the candidates, and make case-by-case comments. We finally recommend the selection of Mars, RC6, Serpent, . and DFC. As the report is being finalized, we also added some new preliminary cryptanalysis on RC6 and Crypton in the Appendix which are not considered in the main body of the report.
Clinical Ethics and the Quality Initiative: A Pilot Study for the Empirical Evaluation of Ethics Case Consultation

The Institute of Medicine's quality imperatives include the need to provide safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable care. Less attention has been paid to quality metrics as they relate to the assessment of clinical ethics consultation and its impact on care. A better understanding of how ethics consultation influences the quality of care might identify opportunities for improvement. A descriptive pilot study, involving 7 hospitals in the New York-Presbyterian Healthcare System, was conducted to identify key elements of the ethics consultative process that might impact clinical and psychosocial outcomes. A majority of consults involved medical or intensive care unit patients and end-of-life decision making; 75.5% had or received a do-not-resuscitate order, 90.6% lacked decision-making capacity, 43.4% had an advance directive. Conflict existed in a majority. Future research should include surrogate decision making, patients on nonmedical services who may have unrecognized ethical dilemmas, and the role of conflict in clinical care. (Am J Med Qual 2008;23:356-364)
The "DGX" distribution for mining massive, skewed data

Skewed distributions appear very often in practice. Unfortunately, the traditional Zipf distribution often fails to model them well. In this paper, we propose a new probability distribution, the Discrete Gaussian Exponential (DGX), to achieve excellent fits in a wide variety of settings; our new distribution includes the Zipf distribution as a special case. We present a statistically sound method for estimating the DGX parameters based on maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). We applied DGX to a wide variety of real world data sets, such as sales data from a large retailer chain, us-age data from AT&T, and Internet clickstream data; in all cases, DGX fits these distributions very well, with almost a 99% correlation coefficient in quantile-quantile plots. Our algorithm also scales very well because it requires only a single pass over the data. Finally, we illustrate the power of DGX as a new tool for data mining tasks, such as outlier detection.
High-efficiency improvement of transgenic torenia flowers by ion beam irradiation

To shorten the time required for breeding and optimize the risk-cost/benefit ratio of genetically modified ornamental plants, we applied heavy-ion beam irradiation to wild-type and genetically modified torenia (Torenia fournieri Lind. CV. 'Crown Violet' plants in which petal color and pattern had been modified by controlling two anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes encoding chalcone synthase (CHS ) and dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR). Ion beams of 12 C 6� and 20 Ne 10� were applied to 11,500 leaf disks from wild type and five transgenic lines, and over 3,200 regenerated flowering plants were then investigated for visible phenotypes. The mutation rate after whole irradiation averaged 10.4%, and the maximum rate in the initial screening was 44.2% ( 20 Ne, 30 Gy). Mutant phenotypes were observed mainly in flowers and showed wide variation in color and shape. Mutation efficiencies for petal color and coloration pattern were higher in transgenic plants than in wild-type plants, while those for petal shape and corolla divergence were almost equivalent in the two plant groups. Mutation spectrums in petal color in transformant-based mutants were obviously wider than those in wild- type plants. Among these mutants, a class B gene-deficient mutant was investigated as a model case for further study to facilitate the control of flower phenotype. Expression of the TfGLO gene was found to be repressed in this line, probably due to dysfunctioning of the upstream signaling. We propose that the combination of genetic engineering and ion beam irradiation greatly facilitates improvement of agrobiological and commercial traits within a short period. We also discuss characteristic changes observed at high frequency in torenia flowers and the mutant-based approach to the identification of useful genes.
A core-shell-surface layer model to explain the size dependence of effective magnetic anisotropy in magnetic nanoparticles

The particle size (D) dependence of the effective magnetic anisotropy K<inf>eff</inf> of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) usually shows K<inf>eff</inf> increasing with decreasing D. This dependence is often interpreted using the Eq.: K<inf>eff</inf> = K<inf>b</inf> + (6K<inf>S</inf>/D) where K<inf>b</inf> and K<inf>s</inf> are the anisotropy constants of the spins in the bulk-like core and surface layer, respectively. Here, we show that this model is inadequate to explain the observed size-dependency of K<inf>eff</inf> for smaller nanoparticles with D < 5 nm. Instead the results in NPs of maghemite (γ-Fe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>), NiO and Ni are best described by an extension of the above model leading to the variation given by K<inf>eff</inf> = K<inf>b</inf> + (6K<inf>S</inf>/D) +K<inf>Sh</inf>{[1-(2rf/D)]<sup>−3</sup> −1}, where the last term is due to the spins in a shell of thickness d with anisotropy K<inf>sh</inf>. The validation of this core-shell-surface layer (CSSL) model for three different magnetic NPs systems viz. ferrimagnetic γ-Fe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>, ferromagnetic Ni and antiferromagnetic NiO suggests its possible applicability for all magnetic nanoparticles.
Systemic Integration for Educational Reform in Racially and Linguistically Diverse Contexts: A Summary of the Evidence

This article is a summary of findings from an extensive review of literature of research on educational reform originating at or being supported by various systemic levels. The goal of this review was to gain a better understanding of the factors influencing the improvement of education for racially and linguistic minority youth. We report findings with regard to the school, district, community, design team, state, and federal government levels, explicating the linkages between levels that are needed for reform to be successful. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Cultural Autonomy of National Minorities in Estonia: The Erosion of a Promise

After a debate lasting several years, Estonia enacted a law of non-territorial cultural autonomy for national minorities in 1993, echoing experiences from the country’s previous period of independence. In international discussion, the law was initially cited as a promising way of dealing with minority issues in Central and Eastern Europe. With time, however, its applicability in contemporary Estonia has been questioned; in practice, the law has failed to be implemented. This paper inspects possible reasons for its disuse, and argues that the law could still play a role in Estonia’s minority policies, especially with regard to education. The paper is based on an analysis of legislation, parliamentary records and media.