Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Carboxyl Terminus of Rtt109 Functions in Chaperone Control of Histone Acetylation

ABSTRACT Rtt109 is a fungal histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that catalyzes histone H3 acetylation functionally associated with chromatin assembly. Rtt109-mediated H3 acetylation involves two histone chaperones, Asf1 and Vps75. In vivo, Rtt109 requires both chaperones for histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) but only Asf1 for full H3K56ac. In vitro, Rtt109-Vps75 catalyzes both H3K9ac and H3K56ac, whereas Rtt109-Asf1 catalyzes only H3K56ac. In this study, we extend the in vitro chaperone-associated substrate specificity of Rtt109 by showing that it acetylates vertebrate linker histone in the presence of Vps75 but not Asf1. In addition, we demonstrate that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae a short basic sequence at the carboxyl terminus of Rtt109 (Rtt109C) is required for H3K9ac in vivo. Furthermore, through in vitro and in vivo studies, we demonstrate that Rtt109C is required for optimal H3K56ac by the HAT in the presence of full-length Asf1. When Rtt109C is absent, Vps75 becomes important for H3K56ac by Rtt109 in vivo. In addition, we show that lysine 290 (K290) in Rtt109 is required in vivo for Vps75 to enhance the activity of the HAT. This is the first in vivo evidence for a role for Vps75 in H3K56ac. Taken together, our results contribute to a better understanding of chaperone control of Rtt109-mediated H3 acetylation.
Inferring the Emotions of Friends Versus Strangers

Three studies examined cross-cultural differences in empathic accuracy (the ability to correctly infer another’s emotional experience) within the context of different relationships. East–West cultural differences in self-construal were hypothesized to differentiate levels of empathic accuracy across relationship types. In contrast to the independent self prevalent among members of Western cultures, members of Eastern cultures generally view the self as interdependent with those with whom they have a relationship. Easterners, relative to Westerners, are more concerned with the thoughts or feelings of close others and less concerned with the thoughts or feelings of those with whom they have no relational link (i.e., strangers). Across three studies, the authors found that East Asians, compared with European Americans, made more accurate inferences regarding the emotions of close others (i.e., friends), but less accurate inferences regarding the emotions of strangers. Furthermore, individual differences in interdependent self-construal among East Asians predicted the degree of empathic accuracy.
Semiconductor Nanowires Biosensors for Highly Selective and Multiplexed Detection of Biomolecules

The surface modification of Nano-structure has allowed specific and selective detection to be made on nano structures devices. Current study, a nanowire was surface engineered with the potential of silicon nanowires biosensors (SiO2) which enhance the biosensor activity especially identifying single-stranded bio-molecular such as E.coli DNA. The device's capabilities were studied based on it response n electrochemical activities of the terminal group of the surface modification agent. NH2 -terminated APTES) to provide rigid chemistry between the DNA organic and Si inorganic link of a biomolecule single_stranded ssDNA probe and SiO2_APTES link nanostructure. Thus, the study demonstrates that silicon nanowire sensing capability to discriminate molecular probe to that of molecule target of supra-genome 21 mers salmonella due to sensitive surface chemistries that made distinguishing the two species. The device captured the molecule precisely; the approach took the advantages of strong binding chemistry created between APTES and biomolecule. The results indicated how modifications of the nanowires provide sensing capability with strong surface chemistries that can lead to specific and selective target detection.
Warming and Nitrogen Addition Increase Litter Decomposition in a Temperate Meadow Ecosystem

Background Litter decomposition greatly influences soil structure, nutrient content and carbon sequestration, but how litter decomposition is affected by climate change is still not well understood. Methodology/Principal Findings A field experiment with increased temperature and nitrogen (N) addition was established in April 2007 to examine the effects of experimental warming, N addition and their interaction on litter decomposition in a temperate meadow steppe in northeastern China. Warming, N addition and warming plus N addition reduced the residual mass of L. chinensis litter by 3.78%, 7.51% and 4.53%, respectively, in 2008 and 2009, and by 4.73%, 24.08% and 16.1%, respectively, in 2010. Warming, N addition and warming plus N addition had no effect on the decomposition of P. communis litter in 2008 or 2009, but reduced the residual litter mass by 5.58%, 15.53% and 5.17%, respectively, in 2010. Warming and N addition reduced the cellulose percentage of L. chinensis and P. communis, specifically in 2010. The lignin percentage of L. chinensis and P. communis was reduced by warming but increased by N addition. The C, N and P contents of L. chinensis and P. communis litter increased with time. Warming and N addition reduced the C content and C:N ratios of L. chinensisand P. communis litter, but increased the N and P contents. Significant interactive effects of warming and N addition on litter decomposition were observed (P<0.01). Conclusion/Significance The litter decomposition rate was highly correlated with soil temperature, soil water content and litter quality. Warming and N addition significantly impacted the litter decomposition rate in the Songnen meadow ecosystem, and the effects of warming and N addition on litter decomposition were also influenced by the quality of litter. These results highlight how climate change could alter grassland ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents in soil by influencing litter decomposition.
Eating Disorders and Social Support: Perspectives of Recovered Individuals

Eating disorder researchers have focused more on the etiology and treatment and less on what happens for individuals during the recovery process from an eating disorder. For this qualitative study, we examined how social supports were helpful and hurtful during the eating disorder recovery process and learned about varying experiences with social supports from the perspectives of 22 recovered women. Participants reported that eating disorder recovery is largely influenced by the individual's sense of connection to self and others. In addition, participants shared that the focus of care from providers influenced their recovery process in powerful ways. Clinical implications and future research ideas are presented for clinicians and researchers working in the area of eating disorders.
No Association of TPH1 218A/C Polymorphism with Treatment Response and Intolerance to SSRIs in Japanese Patients with Major Depression

Background: Variability in antidepressant response is due to genetic and environmental factors. Since SSRIs exert their activity enhancing the serotonin turnover, genes coding for proteins of the serotonin system are key candidates for a possible genetic influence with response to SSRIs. Therefore tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin in the raphe nuclei could be a candidate. In the present study, we examined the possible association of the TPH1 218A/C polymorphism with response to SSRIs in a sample of Japanese patients with major depression. Methods: The 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) was administered to evaluate depressive symptoms at baseline and bi-weekly over 6 weeks of treatment. All patients were genotyped for the TPH1 218A/C polymorphism. Results: Repeated-measures analysis of variance of HAM-D score change over time with baseline scores and 5-HTTLPR variants included in the model as covariate showed no significant association of this SNP with treatment response to SSRIs. Furthermore, no significant association of this SNP could be observed with both responder rate at weeks 2, 4 and 6 and intolerance to SSRIs. Conclusion: The result suggests that 218A/C variants of TPH1 cannot play a major role as predictor of treatment response as well as intolerance in Japanese patients with major depression.
Sonographic findings in three cases of carcinoma showing thymus‐like differentiation

Carcinoma showing thymus‐like differentiation (CASTLE) is a rare tumor of the thyroid gland or soft tissues of the head and neck. To our knowledge, there have been only a few reports concerning imaging findings of CASTLE. We report herein the sonographic appearances of three cases of CASTLE. Two tumors were located at the lower part of the thyroid and one had spread throughout the thyroid. Sonograms showed heterogeneously solid tumors without cystic components or calcification. The central part of the tumor was slightly hyperechoic compared with the peripheral part of the tumor. Histologically, the tumors were composed of a mixture of fibrous stroma and epithelial nests. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 41:574–578, 2013.
An Analysis of Branchial Ammonia Excretion in the Freshwater Rainbow Trout: Effects of Environmental pH change and Sodium Uptake Blockade

Short-term treatments (3h) designed to change the relative NH 3 (ΔP NH NH3 ) and NH 4 + (ΔNH 4 + ) gradients and sodium transport (J Na ) across the gills were employed to analyse the normal mechanism(s) of branchial ammonia excretion (J Amm net ) in trout acclimated to fresh water of pH ≃ 8.0. Control J Amm net occurred in the absence of, or against, an apparent ΔPNH 3 gradient, while ΔNH 4 + was positive. Severe acid exposure (pH = 4.06) raised ΔPNH 3 and ΔNH 4 + , abolished J Na in , and reduced J Amm net by 28%, while moderate acidity (pH = 6.64), which also elevated ΔPNH 3 had no significant influence on J Na in and J Amm net . Severe alkaline exposure (pH = 9.54) raised ΔNH 4 + , reduced ΔPNH 3 to a very negative value, and decreased J Na in and J Amm net by equimolar amounts, representing 55% and 80% of control levels respectively. Moderate alkalinity (pH = 8.69) had similar effects on ΔPNH 3 and ΔNH 4 + , but reduced J Na in and J Amm net by only 25%. The sodium transport inhibitor amiloride (10 −4 moll −1 in the external water, pH ≃ 8.0) had very similar effects to pH = 4.06 on both J Na in and J Amm net but did not alter ΔPNH 3 or ΔNH 4 + . The results discount the quantitative importance of NH 4 + diffusion and favour a flexible combination of NH 3 diffusion and Na + /NH 4 + exchange as the major mechanisms of (J Amm net ). with the latter dominating under the particular control conditions of the present study.
Macular pigment and macular volume in eyes of patients with cystic fibrosis

Abstract Background. Because patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are living longer, chronic malabsorption of carotenoids associated with CF resulting in decreased macular pigment (MP) may affect macular long-term health in later-life pathology. This study compared the macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and corresponding central macular volume (MV) of adult CF subjects and age-matched normal controls subjects to determine whether chronic malabsorption associated with CF could adversely affect macular photoreceptor anatomy. Objective. Our aim was to compare MPOD with measurements of central MV in CF patients with age-matched controls. Design. In nine adult CF patients (ages: 29–46) without a history of carotenoid supplementation or known retinal or optic nerve disease MPOD and MV were measured by heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), respectively, and compared to results obtained from 14 age-matched controls. Results. MPOD was significantly reduced at 15’ and 30’ eccentricities in CF subjects compared to normal subjects (mean difference −0.21 at 15’, −0.25 at 30’, p < 0.005). No significant difference, in MV noted at any of the eccentricities tested between CF and normal subjects (CF: normal MV ratios ranged from 0.94 to 1.1 for all eccentricities with p > 0.1 at all eccentricities). Best corrected vision acuity and fundus examination were normal in all subjects. Conclusions. Unsupplemented CF patients have markedly lower levels of macular carotenoids (e.g., lutein and zeaxanthin), but well-maintained visual function and no significant reductions in central MV primarily composed of macular photoreceptors. Future studies are needed to determine whether the lifelong decrease in protective central retinal carotenoids predisposes CF patients to later-life retinal pathology.
An axiomatic approach to personalized ranking systems

Personalized ranking systems and trust systems are an essential tool for collaboration in a multi-agent environment. In these systems, trust relations between many agents are aggregated to produce a personalized trust rating of the agents. In this article, we introduce the first extensive axiomatic study of this setting, and explore a wide array of well-known and new personalized ranking systems. We adapt several axioms (basic criteria) from the literature on global ranking systems to the context of personalized ranking systems, and fully classify the set of systems that satisfy all of these axioms. We further show that all these axioms are necessary for this result.
Anterior segment manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Ocular complications are known to occur as a result of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. They can be severe leading to ocular morbidity and visual handicap. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is the commonest ocular opportunistic infection seen in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Though posterior segment lesions can be more vision-threatening, there are varied anterior segment manifestations which can also lead to ocular morbidity and more so can affect the quality of life of a HIV-positive person. Effective antiretroviral therapy and improved prophylaxis and treatment of opportunistic infections have led to an increase in the survival of an individual afflicted with AIDS. This in turn has led to an increase in the prevalence of anterior segment and adnexal disorders. Common lesions include relatively benign conditions such as blepharitis and dry eye, to infections such as herpes zoster ophthalmicus and molluscum contagiosum and malignancies such as squamous cell carcinoma and Kaposi′s sarcoma. With the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy, a new phenomenon known as immune recovery uveitis which presents with increased inflammation, has been noted to be on the rise. Several drugs used in the management of AIDS such as nevirapine or indinavir can themselves lead to severe inflammation in the anterior segment and adnexa of the eye. This article is a comprehensive update of the important anterior segment and adnexal manifestations in HIV-positive patients with special reference to their prevalence in the Indian population.
Depression among the very old with dementia

ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depression among very old individuals with dementia compared to those without dementia and to examine if there were any differences regarding associated factors between people with or without depression in these conditions. Methods: In a population-based study in Sweden, 363 participants aged 85 years and above, were evaluated for depression and dementia. Results: The prevalence of depression was significantly higher among the people with dementia than without dementia, 43% vs. 24% (p < 0.001). Approximately 2/3 of the depressed in both groups used antidepressants and of those, approximately 50% had responded. Depression in the group without dementia was, among other factors, associated with higher total number of medication, the use of significant more analgesics and benzodiazepines, loneliness, inability of going outside and recent loss of child. The loss of a child was the only factor that was independently associated with depression in those with dementia. Conclusions: The present study confirms that in the very old, depression is more common among people with dementia than without dementia. A large proportion, both with and without dementia, are under-diagnosed and untreated, and in addition many subjects in both groups studied were non-responders to treatment. Many of the factors associated with depression among people without dementia in this study were not associated with depression among those with dementia, thus supporting the theory that the spectrum of associated factors for depression in dementia seems to be different from that for depression in people without dementia.
Enzyme Molecules in Solitary Confinement

Large arrays of homogeneous microwells each defining a femtoliter volume are a versatile platform for monitoring the substrate turnover of many individual enzyme molecules in parallel. The high degree of parallelization enables the analysis of a statistically representative enzyme population. Enclosing individual enzyme molecules in microwells does not require any surface immobilization step and enables the kinetic investigation of enzymes free in solution. This review describes various microwell array formats and explores their applications for the detection and investigation of single enzyme molecules. The development of new fabrication techniques and sensitive detection methods drives the field of single molecule enzymology. Here, we introduce recent progress in single enzyme molecule analysis in microwell arrays and discuss the challenges and opportunities.
NG2 expression predicts the metastasis formation in soft‐tissue sarcoma patients

Enhanced expression levels of NG2 proteoglycan in presurgical original lesions of soft‐tissue sarcoma (STS) patients defines with 55% probability the immediate (i.e., within 12 months postsurgery) risk in these individuals to develop postsurgical secondary lesions, independently of any other clinical trait. It, therefore, provides a molecular factor that alone prospects a particularly unfavorable clinical outcome in such patients. Evaluation of the timing of metastasis formation in patients with high and low levels of NG2 in their primitive lesions further stratified the patients in subsets with diverse lag phases in the occurrence of metastatic disease. In our cohort of high‐grade STS cases, transcription of NG2 also showed a 81‐fold amplification in metastatic lesions, when compared to primitive ones, and this gene overexpression was accompanied by an abundant but nonuniform in situ expression of its product. In a similar manner as seen in primitive lesions, patients with higher levels of metastatic NG2 encountered a significantly more dismal clinical course. Multivariate analysis asserted that in these individuals upregulation of NG2 represented an absolute independent prognostic parameter. Therefore, minimally invasive assessment of the transcription levels of the NG2 gene represents a parameter capable of predicting the arising of metastatic disease within a definite postsurgery time interval, and affords in adjunct in the definition of life expectance in STS patients. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:135–140, 2009
Evidence-Based Medicine: Cleft Palate

Learning Objectives: After reading this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Describe recent changes in treatment of cleft palate. 2. Compare the efficacy of different surgical treatments. 3. Assess their own knowledge of cleft palate repair. 4. Determine where further individual in-depth study and development are warranted. Summary: The Maintenance of Certification in Plastic Surgery series is designed to ensure professional development and measure continued competency within a specialty or subspecialty. The present article provides an evaluation of the interval studies regarding the management of cleft palate with a specific focus on craniofacial growth, speech outcomes, and obstructive sleep apnea since the last Maintenance of Certification in Plastic Surgery article on the subject published in 2010. This purpose of this article is to update plastic and craniomaxillofacial surgeons on recent changes in treatment of cleft palate, provide a means for accurate self-assessment, and guide further individual in-depth study and development.
Compiling Bayesian Networks Using Variable Elimination

Compiling Bayesian networks has proven an effective approach for inference that can utilize both global and local network structure. In this paper, we define a new method of compiling based on variable elimination (VE) and Algebraic Decision Diagrams (ADDs). The approach is important for the following reasons. First, it exploits local structure much more effectively than previous techniques based on VE. Second, the approach allows any of the many VE variants to compute answers to multiple queries simultaneously. Third, the approach makes a large body of research into more structured representations of factors relevant in many more circumstances than it has been previously. Finally, experimental results demonstrate that VE can exploit local structure as effectively as state-of-the-art algorithms based on conditioning on the networks considered, and can sometimes lead to much faster compilation times.
Bursting the unfolded protein response accelerates axonal regeneration

Peripheral neuropathies refer to a group of conditions in which the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is damaged. These pathological state are are associated with weakness, pain, and loss of motor and sensory control. More than 100 types of peripheral neuropathies have been identified, with distinct symptoms and prognosis classified according to the type of damage to the nerves. Injury to peripheral nerves results in disabling loss of sensory and motor functions. Damaged axons undergo degeneration distal to the injury and regeneration from the proximal stump, a fundamental process for reinnervation and functional recovery. In contrast, damage to the central nervous system (CNS) is followed by poor regeneration. In the PNS, nerve injury triggers a response known as Wallerian degeneration, characterized by axonal damage due to an increase in axoplasmic calcium, mitochondrial dysfunction and cytoskeleton breakdown (Court and Coleman, 2012). Moreover, Schwann cells (SCs) dedifferentiate to a regenerative cell phenotype, characterized by a proliferative state, the secretion of trophic factors, and the organization into a columnar cell configuration known as bands of Bungner, which guide regenerating axons. Also, SCs participate in myelin and axonal breakdown and secrete cytokines and chemokines to recruit immune cells (i.e., macrophages) into the nerve that eliminate cell debris. In addition, axotomized neurons upregulate regeneration-associated genes (RAGs) to promote axon growth. By contrast, axonal damage in the CNS is followed by limited myelin clearance and activation of astrocytes, which secrete growth-inhibitory molecules that generate an unfavorable environment for axonal regeneration. Therefore, successful axonal repair depends on intrinsic capacities of neurons and the reaction of glial cells and microenvironmental factors that modulate the regeneration process.