Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Propagation of the Sinus Impulse Into the Koch Triangle and Localization, Timing, and Origin of the Multicomponent Potentials Recorded in This Area

Background— The presence of a conduction block at the level of the Koch triangle (KT) and the origin of the multicomponent potentials inside this area are controversial issues. We investigated the propagation of the sinus impulse into the KT and the characteristics of multicomponent potentials recorded in that area in patients with and without atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). Methods and Results— Thirty-two patients (16 with AVNRT, 16 without AVNRT) underwent a sinus rhythm electroanatomic mapping of the right atrium (RA). Conduction velocities in the RA and in the KT were evaluated quantitatively on activation maps and qualitatively on isochronal and propagation maps. The presence, location, and timing of different types of multicomponent potentials were evaluated. A mean of 149±44 points were sampled in the RA, whereas a mean of 79±21 points were collected inside the KT. Propagation block at the level of crista terminalis was not found in any patient, whereas slow conduction inside the KT was found in all (median conduction velocity, 122 cm/s [110 to 135 cm/s] outside KT versus 60 cm/s [48 to 75 cm/s] inside KT; P<0.0001). Jackman potentials were identified inside KT in almost all the patients and were invariably found on the line of collision between the wavefronts activating the KT in opposite directions. Conclusions— No conduction block was detected inside the KT in patients with and without AVNRT. Conduction slowing was demonstrated during propagation of the sinus impulse inside the KT. The genesis of the Jackman potential may be related to the collision of the wavefronts activating KT in opposite directions.
Is there any chance to get ahead? Education aspirations and expectations of migrant families in China

In China, there is a growing group of ‘migrant children’, who reside in the city but do not have full rights to access education. Many have been granted a chance to study in public schools after the policy change, but they continue to have lower educational outcomes than the local students. To understand the inequality, this paper examines the educational goals of migrant families in Beijing. Based on the field interviews, it shows that even migrant children who aspire to attain higher education are nonetheless ‘blocked’ by discriminatory examination laws and limited resources. Their subjective outlook is derived from objective conditions and concrete experiences. Their family of origin determines the types of resources available to them, and thus plays an important role in the formation and justification of their educational goals. A realistic assessment of their chances of achieving their aspirations leads them to have lower expectations.
Family Influences on Adolescent Sexual Activity and Alcohol Use

Sexual activity and alcohol use continue to have negative effects on the well-being of today's adolescents. This study used multiple regression analysis to examine relationships among personal factors, family factors, and adolescent sexual activity and alcohol use over three time points. Significant protective factors, which were inversely related to risky behavior, included general adolescent-mother communication, father and family connectedness, and disapproving parental attitudes towards sex. Permissive parenting was associated with self-efficacy for safe sex, early sexual initiation, and increased alcohol use. Health care providers should work to promote positive parent-child relationships and familial protective effects.
Light of Reason, Light of Nature. Catholic and Protestant Metaphors of Scientific Knowledge

The Argument Many of the epistemological issues that occupied natural philosophers of the seventeenth century were expressed visually in title-page engravings. One of those issues concerned the relative status to be accorded to evidence of the senses, as compared to knowledge gained by faith or reason. In title-page illustrations, the various arguments were often waged by a series of light metaphors: the Light of Reason, the Light of Nature, and the Lights of Sense, Scripture, and Grace. When such illustrations are examined with the authors' theological views in mind, it becomes apparent that in the first half of the seventeenth century, Catholic authors favored the Light of Reason as a source of truth, while Protestant authors favored the Light of Nature. Since by the end of the century it was widely accepted by scientists of all religious persuasions that certain knowledge must be grounded in sense evidence and the direct study of nature, one might argue that in this instance Protestantism was responsible for nurturing an important development of the Scientific Revolution. However, the skewed nature of the sample (the Catholics who used light metaphors were mostly Jesuits; the Protestants who did so mostly alchemists) and the large number of counterexamples available (many Catholic scientists believed in the ascendancy of the senses but failed to engage in metaphorical warfare) mitigate against taking this offshoot of the Merton thesis too seriously.
Horizontal Hostility: Multiple Minority Groups and Differentiation from the Mainstream

Three studies examined minority group members' attitudes toward other, similar minority groups. We predicted that minority group members would differentiate between multiple outgroups with asymmetric horizontal hostility(White & Langer, 1999), a pattern of expressing relatively unfavorable attitudes toward an outgroup that is similar to and more mainstream than the minority ingroup. We replicated White and Langer's pattern of horizontal hostility among members of minority political parties in Greece (Study 1). When the mainstream majority was made a salient part of the intergroup context, vegetarians' attitudes toward vegans became more positive, and vegans' attitudes toward vegetarians more negative (Study 2). In Study 3, mainstream salience made Dartmouth College students' relative evaluations of a similar, more mainstream college more negative, whereas priming a superordinate minority identity made them more positive. Results suggest that asymmetric horizontal hostility results from the motivation to differentiate one's minority ingroup from a similar, more mainstream group in comparative contexts anchored by the mainstream majority outgroup.
Competitive Storage and Commodity Price Dynamics

By buying cheap and selling dear, risk-neutral commodity speculators can smooth commodity prices and induce serial dependence in price even when none would exist under a simple process of supply and demand. Commodity prices are variable and strongly positively correlated from one year to the next. The variability is often explained by supply factors, and the autocorrelation by the activities of speculators. We show that this explanation is not consistent with the evidence. Speculation can substantially increase autocorrelation for prices that are weakly autocorrelated in its absence, but not to the high levels that are observed in the data.
After Geopolitics? : From the Geopolitical Social to Geoeconomics

Abstract: This paper makes two central arguments. First, the popular language of geopolitics needs to be understood as historically emerging from and helping create a “geopolitical social”, which both crosses and crafts traditional borders of internal and external to the national state. Second, we suggest that geoeconomic social forms are gradually supplanting this geopolitical social. After establishing the geopolitical social associated with traditional geopolitics, from Ratzel to Bismarck, we examine the erosion of geopolitical calculation and the rise of the geoeconomic. We trace emerging geoeconomic social forms in three domains: the reframing of territorial security to accommodate supranational flows; the recasting of social forms of security through the market; and the reframing of the state as geoeconomic agent. Neither an exercise in “critical geopolitics” nor an endorsement of Luttwakian style geoeconomics, this paper assumes no straightforward historical succession from geopolitical to geoeconomic logics, but argues that geoeconomics is nonetheless crucial to the spatial reconfiguration of contemporary political geography.
Cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in advanced Parkinson's disease: a case illustration

Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with significant symptoms of depression. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has been shown to be effective for depression in PD. However, much of the previous research focuses on working with younger adults in the earlier stages of the disease, despite evidence for greater risk of depression when PD symptoms are more severe. This paper provides a case illustration of using CBT for depression with an 84-year-old man with advanced PD. The results of an assessment are described and a psychological formulation is presented. The specific adaptations made to the therapy and illustrations of the content of therapy are discussed. This intervention resulted in improvements in global mental health and moderate reductions in depression. However, there was no effect on anxiety. This case highlights the complexity of conducting CBT with this population, and further research is needed to determine the modifications necessary to make such interventions effective.
The Impact of Task Skill and Team Familiarity on Shared Knowledge and Collective Efficacy

In this paper we addressed one aspect of team cognition, namely shared knowledge, and investigated the relationship between shared knowledge and collective efficacy. The task was doubles tennis; participants were 160 adults, for a total of 80 teams. Data was collected via self-report questionnaires. As we had suspected, there was a strong, positive relationship between collective efficacy and shared knowledge (r = .5, p < .05). Using hierarchical regression, we also found that team familiarity was positively related to shared knowledge, while both task skill and team familiarity were positively related to collective efficacy
'Teaching Geography for a Better World'? The Postmodern Challenge and Geography Education

This paper offers a discussion of the role of 'critical' geography education in the light of debates about postmodernism in geography and education. After a brief discussion of the features of 'critical' geography education, the paper discusses postmodernism. In particular, it focuses on the role of language, the postmodern concern with difference, and the implications of postmodernism for critical pedagogy. The paper then provides an example of how postmodernist ideas might inform the teaching of urban geography.
Variational Bayesian Approach to Movie Rating Prediction

Singular value decomposition (SVD) is a matrix decomposition algorithm that returns the optimal (in the sense of squared error) low-rank decomposition of a matrix. SVD has found widespread use across a variety of machine learning applications, where its output is interpreted as compact and informative representations of data. The Netflix Prize challenge, and collaborative filtering in general, is an ideal application for SVD, since the data is a matrix of ratings given by users to movies. It is thus not surprising to observe that most currently successful teams use SVD, either with an extension, or to interpolate with results returned by other algorithms. Unfortunately SVD can easily overfit due to the extreme data sparsity of the matrix in the Netflix Prize challenge, and care must be taken to regularize properly. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian approach to alleviate overfitting in SVD, where priors are introduced and all parameters are integrated out using variational inference. We show experimentally that this gives significantly improved results over vanilla SVD. For truncated SVDs of rank 5, 10, 20, and 30, our proposed Bayesian approach achieves 2.2% improvement over a näıve approach, 1.6% improvement over a gradient descent approach dealing with unobserved entries properly, and 0.9% improvement over a maximum a posteriori (MAP) approach.
Level of Prejudice in Relation to Knowledge of Cultural Stereotypes

Abstract The major aim of the present research was to examine if knowledge of cultural stereotypes about minority groups within society is virtually universal ( 3 ) or whether such knowledge is influenced by the perceiver's level of prejudice (cf. 9 ). In three studies, in which multiple measures of racial prejudice were used, it was shown that level of prejudice does relate to perception of cultural stereotypes. High-prejudiced people believed that the cultural stereotypes of Moroccan and Surinamese people in The Netherlands are more negative and less positive in content than low-prejudiced people did. It is argued that previous research may have failed, at least in part, to detect clear differences between low- and high-prejudiced people because it relied on the relatively insensitive Modern Racism questionnaire in order to measure prejudice.
Explaining adult age differences in decision‐making competence

Studies on aging-related changes in decision making report mixed results. Some decision-making skills decline with age, while others remain unchanged or improve. Because fluid cognitive ability (e.g., reasoning, problem solving) deteriorates with age, older adults should perform worse on decision-making tasks that tap fluid cognitive ability. However, performance on some decision-making tasks may require experience, which increases with age. On those tasks, older adults should perform at least as well as younger adults. These two patterns emerged in correlations between age and component tasks of Adult Decision-Making Competence (A-DMC), controlling for demographic variables. First, we found negative relationships between age and performance on two tasks (Resistance to Framing, Applying Decision Rules), which were mediated by fluid cognitive ability. Second, performance on other tasks did not decrease with age (Consistency in Risk Perception, Recognizing Age-group Social Norms) or improved (Under/Overconfidence, Resistance to Sunk Costs). In multivariate analyses, performance on these tasks showed independent positive relationships to both age and fluid cognitive ability. Because, after controlling for fluid cognitive ability, age becomes a proxy for experience, these results suggest that experience plays no role in performing the first set of tasks, and some role in performing the second set of tasks. Although not all decision-making tasks showed age-related declines in performance, older adults perceived themselves as worse decision makers. Self-ratings of decision-making competence were related to fluid cognitive ability and to decision-making skills that decreased with age—but not to decision-making skills that increased with age. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Family adaptability and cohesion: Relation to eating attitudes and disorders

Clinicians have suggested that anorexic and bulimic disorders are associated with abnormal family interaction. This study used the FACES II questionnaire to test that hypothesis. Anorexic and bulimic women perceived their families as lower in adaptability (rigid) and cohesion (disengaged) than comparison women. However, there were no linear relationships between perceived family interaction and scores on the EAT-40. The FACES II is poorly associated with measures of eating attitudes but has a more clinically valid association with diagnosed eating disorders.
Theoretical Perspectives on Writing

The word “writing” refers not only to text in written script but also to the acts of thinking, composing, and encoding language into such text; these acts also necessarily entail discourse interactions within a socio-cultural context. Writing is text, is composing, and is social construction. This threefold distinction—between text analytic, composing process, and social constructivist views of writing—has served usefully to distinguish the major orientations adopted in inquiry into second language writing and to circumscribe the implications they have for instruction (e.g., Grabe and Kaplan 1996, Raimes 1991, Silva 1990).
Fractures in transfusion dependent beta thalassemia--an Indian study.

AIM OF STUDY To analyse the incidence of fractures in beta thalassemia patients and to identify causative factors. METHODS We examined all cases of transfusion dependent beta thalassemia (TDBT) seen at our institute over a two-year period. The transfusion records, incidence of fractures, cause of fracture and Hb levels were recorded. Radiographs of the involved parts were taken in cases with fractures only. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Amongst 105 cases of TDBT assessed, 14 sustained a total of 28 fractures. Seven patients sustained more than one fracture. Two thirds of these fractures were caused by trivial trauma. All fractures, except one, were of the closed type. Radiologically, fractures frequently showed minimal or no displacement. All fractures were successfully treated by closed modalities of treatment. Majority of the fractures healed within normal union time for a given bone. Permanent deformities and gross limb length discrepancies were uncommon. On reviewing the literature, we noted that the incidence of fractures in our series and in the latest reports was lesser than previously reported. We postulate that this is a result of better and earlier control of hemoglobin status by improved transfusion techniques, and earlier recognition of the disease. Difficulties arise due to inadequate blood transfusion facilities in developing countries.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Disorders with Comorbid Depression: A Review

Cognitive-behavioral therapy is an established efficacious, first-line treatment for the spectrum of anxiety disorders. While treatments have been developed to target primary disorders in isolation of comorbid conditions, comorbidity between anxiety and mood disorders has been found to be substantial, making it the rule rather than the exception in clinical settings. Notwithstanding the high rates of comorbidity, there has been little research addressing whether standard CBT treatments are equally effective in the presence of a comorbid depressive disorder, in contrast to the wealth of research on the efficacy of CBT for each of the anxiety disorders separately. The purpose of this review was to examine the impact of depression comorbidity on the CBT treatment of primary anxiety disorders based on empirical studies identified by electronic search (Medline and PsychInfo). We organize our review by considering, first, the research addressing the predictive/moderating role of comorbid depression in CBT for a.
Selection Bias in Virtual Intergroup Contact: Do Ambiguity and Self-Interest Moderate Ingroup Preference?

Cross-race contact is thought to decrease prejudice if it occurs under the correct conditions. However, people who already have negative attitudes towards other races may structure their social environments so as to avoid contact. We predict that self-interest and ambiguity of the situation will influence this strategy of avoidance. The study presented made use of a computer-based tool which manipulated self-interest and task ambiguity in three team selection situations. The results (N = 818) showed that, for tasks with high ambiguity, participants preferred to select own-race members, but, contrary to expectation, low-ambiguity tasks produced an even greater degree of own-race bias. When self-interest was considered, tasks that implied material consequence led to more ingroup bias than tasks that had low material consequence. We concluded that the preferred team selection strategy was one of avoidance. This bias persisted even in situations where selecting a more competent high-contact team would have been in the participants' interest.
Young Children's Oral Language Production in Three Types of Play Centers

Abstract This observational study investigated the effects of three types of play centers—blocks, housekeeping and a changing thematic center—on the oral language production of 21 young children, 10 females and 11 males, ranging in age from 4.8 to 6.2 years. Language samples were collected by videotaping four groups of subjects in fifteen-minute play sessions per week for five weeks as the groups rotated through the three play centers. Three hundred minutes of language samples were examined for subjects' language fluency, number of communication units, mean length of utterance and vocabulary diversity. The findings indicated that: (a) The subjects' fluency, number of communication units and vocabulary diversity measures were significantly greater in the block center than in the housekeeping center; (b) the mean length of utterance measure of the subjects' language remained consistent across the three types of centers and (c) no significant difference was found between the language production and vocabular.
(Re)theorizing Cities from the Global South: Looking Beyond Neoliberalism

The demographic transition of the late 20th and early 21st centuries has shifted the locus of urbanizing populations from the global North to the global South. As the theoretical epicenter of urban scholars and policymakers adjusts to accommodate this transition, some realignment in how ideas are weighted and applied is inevitable. This recalibration, while not necessarily comfortable for those in established positions of intellectual power, is desirable and maybe even overdue. The overarching argument presented here is that recent work on neoliberalism, despite its quality and relevance for many places, will need to be "provincialized" in order to create intellectual space for alternative ideas that may be more relevant to cities where the majority of the world's urban population now resides. To this end, we explore the limits to the critique of neoliberalism—a perspective that has assumed hegemonic dimensions in the progressive geographical literature. In seeking post-neoliberal insights, we highlight two bodies of work that also address issues of urban injustice. The first is the largely practice-generated literature on poverty and its amalgamation into a resurgent literature focused on the right to the city. The second theoretical framework we explore as a counterpoint to the neoliberal crtitique is the nascent debate about the size and shape of the subnational state, arguing that it is time to bring to the fore the difficult question concerning the most appropriate form of urban government. Finally, we suggest that if the state is to be an important component in the urban developmental landscape, all sorts of initiatives in research and capacity-building will be needed, giving substantially greater attention to documenting urban change on hitherto under-researched cities, and learning from practice how to transform the theoretical canon to ensure 21st-century relevance.