Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VISIT TO NATIONAL CASH REGISTER CORPORATION OF DAYTON, OHIO

In recent years, much research has been devoted to the study of Boolean logic; however, few have developed the extensive unification of the location-identity split and co ntextfree grammar. After years of appropriate research into mode l checking, we verify the visualization of systems. In our research, we validate that the lookaside buffer and red-bla ck trees are never incompatible [54], [58], [59], [62], [68], [ 68], [68], [70], [95], [99], [114], [128], [129], [148], [152], [ 168], [168], [179], [188], [191].
Adaptive Variation and Introgression of a CONSTANS-Like Gene in North American Red Oaks

Oaks provide a model system to study maintenance of species identity by divergent selection since they maintain morphological differences and ecological adaptations despite interspecific hybridization. The genome of closely related interfertile oak species was shown to be largely homogeneous, with a few genomic areas exhibiting high interspecific differentiation possibly as result of strong divergent selection. Previously, a genic microsatellite was identified as under strong divergent selection, being nearly fixed on alternative alleles in the two interfertile North American red oak species: Quercus rubra L. and Quercus ellipsoidalis E.J. Hill. Further genotyping in two other red oak species—Quercus velutina Lam. and Quercus coccinea Munchh. —revealed a similar bias for the Q. ellipsoidalis-specific allele. To further elucidate the basis of this differentiation, we sequenced the microsatellite in individuals from all four red oak species. Sequence variability was observed in the microsatellite motif which encodes a poly-Q repeat in a COL gene involved in phenology and growth. Furthermore, in neighboring (parapatric) Q. rubra/Q. ellipsoidalis populations, introgression of the Q. ellipsoidalis-specific allele into Q. rubra occurred at a lower rate than introgression of the Q. rubra-specific allele into Q. ellipsoidalis despite symmetric interspecific gene flow, indicating potential adaptive introgression. Introgression of adaptive alleles can be an important mechanism for rapid adaptation to new environmental conditions (e.g., climate change).
Correlations Between Internal and External Power Outputs During Weightlifting Exercise

Abstract Kipp, K, Harris, C, and Sabick, MB. Correlations between internal and external power outputs during weightlifting exercise. J Strength Cond Res 27(4): 1025–1030, 2013—Identifying loads that maximize mechanical power is important because training at such loads may optimize gains in dynamic athletic performance. The purpose of this study was to examine correlations between measures of external mechanical power output and internal mechanical joint power output across different loads during a weightlifting exercise. Ten subjects performed 3 sets of the clean exercise at 65, 75, and 85% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM). Peak external mechanical power output was calculated with 4 commonly used methods, whereas an inverse dynamics approach was used to calculate peak internal mechanical power output for the hip, knee, and ankle joints along with the peak of the sum of all internal joint powers. All peak mechanical power outputs were expressed as relative peak power by either ratio (watts per kilogram) or allometrically scaling to body mass (W·kg−0.67). Correlation coefficients were used to compare power output measures. The greatest numbers of significant correlations between internal and external power outputs were observed at 85% of 1RM, at this load hip and knee joint power outputs were correlated to external mechanical power output when calculated with the traditional work-energy method. In addition, the peak sum of all mechanical joint powers was correlated to mechanical power output when calculated with the impulse-momentum method at loads of 75 and 85% of the 1RM. Allometric scaling of power outputs yielded one more significant correlation than did the ratio scaled power outputs. These findings support the use of the work-energy method when making inferences about internal joint powers from external power outputs when loads equal to 85% of 1RM are being lifted. In addition, the impulse-momentum method may be used to make inferences about the sum of all internal joint powers from external power outputs when loads between 75 and 85% of 1RM are being lifted.
A three-valued semantics for logic programmers

This paper describes a simpler way for programmers to reason about the correctness of their code. The study of semantics of logic programs has shown strong links between the model theoretic semantics (truth and falsity of atoms in the programmer's interpretation of a program), procedural semantics (for example, SLD resolution) and fixpoint semantics (which is useful for program analysis and alternative execution mechanisms). Most of this work assumes that intended interpretations are two-valued: a ground atom is true (and should succeed according to the procedural semantics) or false (and should not succeed). In reality, intended interpretations are less precise. Programmers consider that some atoms “should not occur” or are “ill-typed” or “inadmissible”. Programmers don't know and don't care whether such atoms succeed. In this paper we propose a three-valued semantics for (essentially) pure Prolog programs with (ground) negation as failure which reflects this. The semantics of Fitting is similar but only associates the third truth value with non-termination. We provide tools to reason about correctness of programs without the need for unnatural precision or undue restrictions on programming style. As well as theoretical results, we provide a programmer-oriented synopsis. This work has come out of work on declarative debugging, where it has been recognised that inadmissible calls are important.
Particle models and the small-scale structure of dark matter

The kinetic decoupling of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) in the early universe sets a scale that can directly be translated into a small-scale cutoff in the spectrum of matter density fluctuations. The formalism presented here allows a precise description of the decoupling process and thus the determination of this scale to a high accuracy from the details of the underlying WIMP microphysics. With decoupling temperatures of several MeV to a few GeV, the smallest protohalos to be formed range between 10-11 and almost 10-3 solar masses—a somewhat smaller range than what was found earlier using order-of-magnitude estimates for the decoupling temperature; for a given WIMP model, the actual cutoff mass is typically about a factor of 10 greater than derived in that way, though in some cases the difference may be as large as a factor of several hundreds. Observational consequences and prospects to probe this small-scale cutoff, which would provide a fascinating new window into the particle nature of dark matter, are discussed.
New Debris Disks around Nearby Main-Sequence Stars: Impact on the Direct Detection of Planets

Using the MIPS instrument on Spitzer, we have searched for infrared excesses around a sample of 82 stars, mostly F, G, and K main-sequence field stars, along with a small number of nearby M stars. These stars were selected for their suitability for future observations by a variety of planet-finding techniques. These observations provide information on the asteroidal and cometary material orbiting these stars, data that can be correlated with any planets that may eventually be found. We have found significant excess 70 μm emission toward 12 stars. Combined with an earlier study, we find an overall 70 μm excess detection rate of 13% ± 3% for mature cool stars. Unlike the trend for planets to be found preferentially toward stars with high metallicity, the incidence of debris disks is uncorrelated with metallicity. By newly identifying four of these stars as having weak 24 μm excesses (fluxes ~10% above the stellar photosphere), we confirm a trend found in earlier studies wherein a weak 24 μm excess is associated with a strong 70 μm excess. Interestingly, we find no evidence for debris disks around 23 stars cooler than K1, a result that is bolstered by a lack of excess around any of the 38 K1-M6 stars in two companion surveys. One motivation for this study is the fact that strong zodiacal emission can make it hard or impossible to detect planets directly with future observatories such as the Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF). The observations reported here exclude a few stars with very high levels of emission, >1000 times the emission of our zodiacal cloud, from direct planet searches. For the remainder of the sample, we set relatively high limits on dust emission from asteroid belt counterparts.
Determinants of participation in prostate cancer screening: A simple analytical framework to account for healthy-user bias

In Japan at present, fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) is recommended for cancer screening while routine population‐based prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) screening is not. In future it may be necessary to increase participation in the former and decrease it in the latter. Our objectives were to explore determinants of PSA‐screening participation while simultaneously taking into account factors associated with FOBT. Data were gathered from a cross‐sectional study conducted with random sampling of 6191 adults in Osaka city in 2011. Of 3244 subjects (return rate 52.4%), 936 men aged 40–64 years were analyzed using log‐binomial regression to explore factors related to PSA‐screening participation within 1 year. Only responders for cancer screening, defined as men who participated in either FOBT or PSA‐testing, were used as main study subjects. Men who were older (prevalence ratio [PR] [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 2.17 [1.43, 3.28] for 60–64 years compared with 40–49 years), had technical or junior college education (PR [95% CI] = 1.76 [1.19, 2.59] compared with men with high school or less) and followed doctors' recommendations (PR [95% CI] = 1.50 [1.00, 2.26]) were significantly more likely to have PSA‐screening after multiple variable adjustment among cancer‐screening responders. Attenuation in PR of hypothesized common factors was observed among cancer‐screening responders compared with the usual approach (among total subjects). Using the analytical framework to account for healthy‐user bias, we found three factors related to participation in PSA‐screening with attenuated association of common factors. This approach may provide a more sophisticated interpretation of participation in various screenings with different levels of recommendation.
The Realist Survey: How Respondents’ Voices Can Be Used to Test and Revise Correlational Models

This article introduces the realist survey, an extension of the realistic interview. In a realistic interview, the researcher adapts his or her own theory in response to comments by interviewees, explaining the extent to which the theory applies or does not apply to themselves. The realist survey expands the reach of the realistic interview by including application to generally accepted theories, and it enhances the generalizability of its outcomes through the use of quantitative survey data. As a result, this extended realist interview/survey is a tool that can be used by researchers in widely varying contexts. A realist survey on the effects of the often replicated technology acceptance model shows that the original model is not the best realist fit.
Outcomes of Rotator Cuff Repair in Patients with Comorbid Disability in the Extremities

Background Rehabilitation and overuse of the shoulder after rotator cuff repair are a concern in patients with comorbid disability in other extremities. Improvement of outcomes can be hampered in this situation. This study was to describe the clinical outcomes of rotator cuff repair in patients with comorbid disability in other extremities. Methods In two tertiary institutions, 16 patients with comorbid disability (9 men and 7 women; mean age of 57.1 years [range, 45 to 71 years]; 14 dominant arms; mean follow-up of 18 months [range, 12 to 38 months]) underwent rotator cuff repair. There were 5 massive tears, 1 large tear, 9 medium tears, and 1 small tear. Open repair was performed in 3 patients and arthroscopic repair in 13. The most common comorbid condition was paralysis (n = 7). Eight patients walked with crutches preoperatively. Anatomical outcome was investigated in 12 patients using either magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasonography at least 6 months postoperatively. Results Range of motion, visual analogue scale for pain and satisfaction, and all functional scores improved significantly. Healing failure occurred in 4 patients (2 large-to-massive and 2 medium size tears), but none required revision surgery. All 4 retears involved the dominant side, and 3 patients were crutch users. Conclusions The current data suggested favorable outcome of rotator cuff repair in patients with comorbid disability. Careful surgical planning and rehabilitation is particularly important for crutch users and in the case of dominant arm involvement in disabled patients.
Critical superlinear Ambrosetti-Prodi problems

We consider the existence of multiple solutions for problem (1.1) below with either $\lambda\neq \lambda$ or $\lambda=\lambda_1$, where $\lambda_k$, $k=1,2,\ldots$ are eigenvalues of $(-\Delta, H^1_0(\Omega))$. The local bifurcation from $\lambda=\lambda_k$ is also investigated.
Théories et méthodes pédagogiques pour enseigner et apprendre

Quels sont les resultats des recherches sur les TIC pour enseigner et apprendre ? Quelles sont ces methodes qui se marient particulierement bien avec les technologies ? Sur quelles dimensions de l'apprentissage reposent-elles ? Quels en sont leurs fondements ? S'inscrivant dans la suite logique du precedent volume de l'auteur Des technologies pour enseigner et apprendre, cet ouvrage poursuit la reflexion sur l'integration de l'innovation pedagogique (avec ou sans TIC). L'ouvrage precedent se refermait sur le constat que la valeur ajoutee de l'utilisation des TIC dans l'education se manifestait surtout dans des dispositifs pedagogiques soigneusement elabores autour des facteurs de l'apprentissage. On decouvrira dans ce volume que ces methodes " particulieres " sont tout simplement celles qui sont proposees actuellement dans l'optique de la " renovation " de l'enseignement et d'un certain recentrage dont il faudra trouver la mesure, de la formation sur les competences et les attitudes de celui qui apprend. Ce livre interessera donc tous ceux, parents, enseignants, chercheurs, qui souhaitent, de maniere reflechie, rendre leurs enseignements plus dynamiques, rendre les apprentissages plus motivants et actifs, utiliser au mieux les outils des TIC. Il s'agit d'un livre particulierement ecrit pour ceux qui entament leurs premiers pas "en pedagogie" : les etudiants de l'agregation (la formation initiale des futurs enseignants en Belgique), les enseignants du secondaire et du superieur en formation continue. y trouveront les portes utiles pour continuer a progresser dans ce domaine et dans celui de l'utilisation efficace des technologies dans l'enseignement et l'apprentissage.
The Sagittarius dwarf irregular galaxy: Metallicity and stellar populations ?

We present deep BVI observations of the dwarf irregular galaxy UKS 1927-177 in Sagittarius (SagDIG). Statistically cleaned V , $(B-I)$ color-magnitude diagrams clearly display the key evolutionary features in this galaxy. Previously detected C stars are located in the color-magnitude diagrams and shown to be variable, thus confirming the presence of a significant upper-AGB intermediate age population. A group of likely red supergiants is also identified, whose magnitude and color is consistent with a 30 Myr old burst of star formation. The observed colors of both blue and red stars in SagDIG are best explained by introducing a differential reddening scenario in which internal dust extinction affects the star forming regions. Adopting a low reddening for the red giants, $E(B-V) = 0.07 \pm 0.02$, gives [ Fe/H$]=-2.1 \pm 0.2$ for the mean stellar metallicity, a value consistent with the [O/H] abundance measured in the regions. This revised metallicity, which is in accord with the trend of metallicity against luminosity for dwarf irregular galaxies, is indicative of a “normal”, although metal-poor, dIrr galaxy. A quantitative description is given of the spatial distribution of stars in different age intervals, in comparison with the distribution of the neutral hydrogen. We find that the youngest stars are located near the major peaks of emission on the shell, whereas the red giants and intermediate-age C stars define an extended halo or disk with scale length comparable to the size of the hydrogen cloud. The relationship between the distribution of ISM and star formation is briefly discussed.
Navigating the boundary between the actual and the possible through reasoning, imitation and language at age four

For children to become competent intentional agents they must constantly navigate between understanding how the world is, and how the world could be: they navigate between the actual and the possible. From their earliest experiences of the world and their interactions with those who inhabit it infants can extract information from and make inferences about the causal structure of both the physical and social worlds in which they reside. Seeing how an event in the world can change that world provides children with an opportunity to consider what else could have, and could be done to produce a similar change in the future. Imitating others allows children to replicate goal successes through the replication of some or all of another agent’s behaviors. Imitation provides a short-cut to a possible world through standing on the shoulders of giants. In this thesis we investigate imitation and language through the lens of how well children aged four-years navigate these actual vs. possible worlds.
A Potential Role for the Interaction of Wolbachia Surface Proteins with the Brugia malayi Glycolytic Enzymes and Cytoskeleton in Maintenance of Endosymbiosis

The human filarial parasite Brugia malayi harbors an endosymbiotic bacterium of the genus Wolbachia. The Wolbachia represent an attractive target for the control of filarial induced disease as elimination of the bacteria affects molting, reproduction and survival of the worms. The molecular basis for the symbiotic relationship between Wolbachia and their filarial hosts has yet to be elucidated. To identify proteins involved in this process, we focused on the Wolbachia surface proteins (WSPs), which are known to be involved in bacteria-host interactions in other bacterial systems. Two WSP-like proteins (wBm0152 and wBm0432) were localized to various host tissues of the B. malayi female adult worms and are present in the excretory/secretory products of the worms. We provide evidence that both of these proteins bind specifically to B. malayi crude protein extracts and to individual filarial proteins to create functional complexes. The wBm0432 interacts with several key enzymes involved in the host glycolytic pathway, including aldolase and enolase. The wBm0152 interacts with the host cytoskeletal proteins actin and tubulin. We also show these interactions in vitro and have verified that wBm0432 and B. malayi aldolase, as well as wBm0152 and B. malayi actin, co-localize to the vacuole surrounding Wolbachia. We propose that both WSP protein complexes interact with each other via the aldolase-actin link and/or via the possible interaction between the host's enolase and the cytoskeleton, and play a role in Wolbachia distribution during worm growth and embryogenesis.
Health messages, middle-aged women and the pleasure of play

ABSTRACT Western societies glorify youth and consider middle age as the onset of deterioration. The prevalent discourses on middle-aged women focus primarily on negative developments in their lives such as increased health risks after menopause. Little is known, however, about the lived experiences of this age group. In this article, we share information about the health- and ageing-related attitudes of women aged 45–55 years who took part in a physical activity intervention in Denmark. Drawing on Foucault’s concepts of disciplinary power and governmentality, we explored via 15 semi-structured interviews the women’s reasons for participation and their experiences with playing a team game. The interviews revealed that they had internalized the messages of ‘healthy ageing’ and felt guilty about their previous inactive lifestyle. However, their participation was also influenced by changing life circumstances. Now they had time to exercise and, contrary to previous experiences, they found that playing games provided pleasure.
The incentive salience of alcohol: translating the effects of genetic variant in CNR1.

CONTEXT The gene that codes for cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) represents an important target for investigations designed to elucidate individual differences in the etiology of alcohol dependence. OBJECTIVE To achieve a better understanding of the role of the CNR1 gene in the etiology and treatment of alcohol dependence. DESIGN The present investigation spans multiple levels of analysis, including receptor binding in postmortem brain tissue, neuroimaging, human laboratory models, and analyses of treatment outcome data. RESULTS Findings indicate that the C allele of rs2023239 is associated with greater CB1 binding in the prefrontal cortex, greater alcohol cue-elicited brain activation in the midbrain and prefrontal cortex, greater subjective reward when consuming alcohol, and more positive outcomes after treatment with a medication that targets the mesocorticolimbic neurocircuitry. In addition, there were strong correlations between cue-elicited brain activation and alcohol consumption measures in individuals with the C allele. CONCLUSION Individuals with the C allele may be more susceptible to changes in the mesocorticolimbic neurocircuitry that is involved in the attribution of incentive salience after repeated exposure to alcohol.
Edinburgh Research Explorer An investigation of the structural requirements for ATP hydrolysis and DNA cleavage by the EcoKI Type I DNA restriction and modification enzyme

Type I DNA restriction/modification systems are oligomeric enzymes capable of switching between a methyltransferase function on hemimethylated host DNA and an endonuclease function on unmethylated foreign DNA. They have long been believed to not turnover as endonucleases with the enzyme becoming inactive after cleavage. Cleavage is preceded and followed by extensive ATP hydrolysis and DNA translocation. A role for dissociation of subunits to allow their reuse has been proposed for the EcoR124I enzyme. The EcoKI enzyme is a stable assembly in the absence of DNA, so recycling was thought impossible. Here, we demonstrate that EcoKI becomes unstable on long unmethylated DNA; reuse of the methyltransferase subunits is possible so that restriction proceeds until the restriction subunits have been depleted. We observed that RecBCD exonuclease halts restriction and does not assist recycling. We examined the DNA structure required to initiate ATP hydrolysis by EcoKI and find that a 21-bp duplex with single-stranded extensions of 12 bases on either side of the target sequence is sufficient to support hydrolysis. Lastly, we discuss whether turnover is an evolutionary requirement for restriction, show that the ATP hydrolysis is not deleterious to the host cell and discuss how foreign DNA occasionally becomes fully methylated by these systems.