Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analytical investigations of dispersion and reflection in two-dimensional electromagnetic crystals formed by thin infinite loaded wires

2D electromagnetic crystals formed by rectangular lattices of thin ideally conducting cylinders loaded by bulk reactive impedances are considered. An analytical-numerical theory of dispersion and reflection from this medium is presented. The consideration is based on the local field approach. The transcendental dispersion equation is obtained in closed form and solved numerically. Different types of the loads like inductive, capacitive, serial and parallel LC circuits are considered. Typical dispersion curves and reflection coefficients are calculated, plotted and analyzed.
Investigating the Association Between Early Life Parental Care and Stress Responsivity in Adulthood

We explored the associations between early life experience, endocrine regulation, psychological health, and hippocampal integrity in 37 elderly volunteers. Specifically, a neurodevelopmental and psychological mediation model was tested: Retrospective early life parental care was hypothesized to influence hippocampal integrity and the development of self-esteem. In turn, hippocampal volume (via modulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis negative feedback) and self-esteem (via modulation of stress vulnerability) were suggested to influence the cortisol stress response. Results supported the two-mediator model. We propose that early life parental care impacts on an individual's developing brain and personality, which consequently contribute to the shaping of neuroendocrine stress responsivity.
Simultaneous visualization of cortical barrels and horseradish peroxidase‐injected layer 5b vibrissa neurones in the rat.

1. Using diaminobenzidine (DAB) as a chromagen, horseradish peroxidase‐injected neurones and cytochrome oxidase‐stained barrels were visualized simultaneously in the rat vibrissa cortex. Neurones were initially tested during extracellular recording for responses to whisker deflections. This was followed by intracellular injection of the soma with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and histological processing to visualize the HRP‐stained neurone in an incubation solution which contained, in addition to DAB, cytochrome C for cytochrome oxidase (CO) reaction of the barrels. 2. Recording and intracellular staining were made in layer 5b under urethane anaesthesia. CO‐stained barrels were observed in layer 4. Physiologically and morphologically characterized neurones were mostly large pyramidal neurones that responded to more than one whisker and displayed transient‐type responses. 3. In tangential sections, the apical dendrite of the HRP‐filled neurone was followed from the soma level upward as it ascended through the barrelfield in layer 4. The cross‐section of the apical dendrite was found in the periphery of the CO‐stained barrel. Using the apical dendrite as a guide, the basal dendritic field of the layer 5b pyramidal neurone was aligned on the pattern of layer 4 barrels. The soma was seen to project basal dendrites in all directions, involving one or two neighbouring barrels/columns. 4. In sixteen neurones examined in tangential sections, a complete spatial tuning map constructed by measuring sensitivity of the neurone to different whiskers could be compared to the basal dendritic field in relation to the pattern of overlying layer 4 barrels. The mean receptive field size in terms of the number of effective whiskers was 5.8 whereas the mean dendritic field size in terms of the number of barrels/columns involved was 2.2. In addition to the well‐documented role of intracortical connectivity in elaboration of multi‐whisker receptor fields in the cortical neurones, the role played by direct inputs from multi‐whisker thalamic ventrobasal neurones was discussed.
Evaluation of Resilient Modulus of Subgrade and Base Materials in Indiana and Its Implementation in MEPDG

In order to implement MEPDG hierarchical inputs for unbound and subgrade soil, a database containing subgrade M R, index properties, standard proctor, and laboratory M R for 140 undisturbed roadbed soil samples from six different districts in Indiana was created. The M R data were categorized in accordance with the AASHTO soil classifications and divided into several groups. Based on each group, this study develops statistical analysis and evaluation datasets to validate these models. Stress-based regression models were evaluated using a statistical tool (analysis of variance (ANOVA)) and Z-test, and pertinent material constants (k 1, k 2 and k 3) were determined for different soil types. The reasonably good correlations of material constants along with M R with routine soil properties were established. Furthermore, FWD tests were conducted on several Indiana highways in different seasons, and laboratory resilient modulus tests were performed on the subgrade soils that were collected from the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) test sites. A comparison was made of the resilient moduli obtained from the laboratory resilient modulus tests with those from the FWD tests. Correlations between the laboratory resilient modulus and the FWD modulus were developed and are discussed in this paper.
Kinetics of intramuscular triglyceride fatty acids in exercising humans.

UNLABELLED A pulse ([(14)C]palmitate)-chase ([(3)H]palmitate) approach was used to study intramuscular triglyceride (imTG) fatty acid and plasma free fatty acid (FFA) kinetics during exercise at approximately 45% peak O(2) consumption in 12 adults. Vastus lateralis muscle was biopsied before and after 90 min of bicycle exercise; (3)H(2)O production, breath (14)CO(2) excretion and lipid oxidation (indirect calorimetry) rates were measured during exercise. RESULTS during exercise, 8.2+/-1.2 and 8.4+/-0.7 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1) of imTG fatty acids and plasma FFA, respectively, were oxidized according to isotopic measurements. The sum of these two values was not different (P = 0.6) from lipid oxidation by indirect calorimetry (15.4 +/-1.6 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1)); the isotopic and indirect calorimetry values were correlated (r = 0.79, P<0.005). During exercise, imTG turnover rate was 0.32+/-0.07%/min (6.0+/-2.0 micromol of imTG x kg wet muscle(-1) x min(-1)) and plasma FFA were incorporated into imTG at a rate of 0.7+/-0.1 micromol x kg wet muscle(-1) x min(-1). The imTG pool size did not change during exercise. This pulse-chase, dual tracer appears to be a reasonable approach to measure oxidation and synthesis kinetics of imTG.
The endophytic mycobiota of the grass Dactylis glomerata

Fungal endophytes were isolated from asymptomatic and symptomatic plants of Dactylis glomerata sampled in different ecosystems in Spain. Fungi were identified using morphological, as well as molecular methods based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and ribosomal DNA sequencing. Molecular data provided a framework for identification and assessing the phylogenetic position of isolates. One hundred and nine different fungal species were identified. Eighteen of these species were potentially unknown. The endophytic assemblage consists of grass-specific, as well as generalist species, and is quite different from those described for perennial woody species. Species richness curves showed that the survey discovered most species commonly infecting this grass, but the number of sporadic infections of singleton species continued to increase with more sampling effort. A large endophytic assemblage consisting of fungi with diverse ecological roles, and potentially unknown species, was found in a small herbaceous plant.
Transcription factor loads tend to decrease the robustness of stable gene transcription networks

Robustness of a system’s behavior to changes in parameter values is a remarkable property of natural systems and especially desirable when designing de novo synthetic gene circuits. Loads on transcription factors resulting from binding to target promoters have been shown to significantly affect the effective time constants of gene transcription networks and to thus alter the overall system’s behavior. Here, we employ models that explicitly account for load effects to investigate how these impact the robustness of a stable gene transcription network to parameter perturbations. By employing a combination of sampling-based methods and analytical tools from control theory, we demonstrate that the presence of loading shrinks the region of parameter space where a gene circuit performs the desired function. A number of multi-module synthetic gene circuits are analyzed to demonstrate this point, including an event detector and a molecular signature classifier. These results indicate that for designing genetic circuits that are robust to parameter uncertainty it is highly desirable to find ways to mitigate the effects of transcription factor loading. Author Summary Efforts to understand how loads affect gene transcription networks have been underway in the past decade. Here we perform a numerical investigation on three synthetic gene circuits to show that loads tend to decrease the robustness of stable gene transcriptional networks. We complement the numerical findings with analytical derivations that employ the stability radius to compare the robustness of different networks to parameter perturbations near an equilibrium point. Consistent with the numerical finding, the analytical results support that systems with substantial transcription factor loading have smaller stability radius (less robustness) than systems without loading.
A differential evolution approach for protein structure optimisation using a 2D off-lattice model

Protein structure optimisation is a well-known problem in bioinformatics. This work applies an evolutionary algorithm to solve the protein structure optimisation problem based on the AB off-lattice model. Three different implementations of the differential evolution (DE) algorithm were developed, a sequential and two parallel. The parallel implementations (master-slave and ring-island) showed superior performance than the sequential one. Experiments were done using a benchmark of toy sequences with 13 to 55 monomers long. Results of the DE implementations were compared with other works in the literature. Good results were achieved for most sequences, not achieving the optimal values, but competitive with other specialised methods. Overall results encourage further research towards the use of knowledge-based operators to improve performance of DE.
Therapy-related acute promyelocytic leukemia: a report on 16 cases.

PURPOSE To analyze the type of prior tumor and treatment in therapy-related acute promyelocytic leukemia (tAPL) that occurs after chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy (RT), and the hematologic characteristics and outcome of tAPL. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixteen patients with tAPL who were gathered during a 10-year period (1982 to 1991) in seven hematologic centers were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS There were 13 women and three men. The median age was 46 years (range, 12 to 82). Prior tumor was breast carcinoma in 10 cases, another solid tumor in three cases, and lymphoma in three cases. Two patients had received RT alone, and 14 had received chemotherapy (with RT in 11 cases). Prior chemotherapeutic agents generally included a combination of cyclophosphamide (used for limited periods), fluorouracil (5-FU), vinca alkaloids, and doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, or etoposide (VP16). By contrast, alkylating agents other than cyclophosphamide had been used in only two patients. Median interval between onset of treatment for the prior tumor and diagnosis of APL was 25 months. No patient had a known preleukemic phase. Hematologic and cytogenetic characteristics of the cases of tAPL were identical to those of the usual de novo APL, which included the presence of t(15; 17) in nine of the 10 patients tested. Two patients had early death. Seven patients were treated with intensive chemotherapy, and six achieved complete remission (CR). Three of them subsequently relapsed. Seven patients were treated with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), and four achieved CR through the differentiation of blasts into mature granulocytes. None has relapsed so far. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that tAPL is not exceptional, and usually has several features in common with other types of therapy-related AML with specific karyotype (ie, t(8;21),t(9;11), inv(16)): solid tumor rather than hematologic malignancy as primary tumor, short interval of development, absence of known preleukemic phase, prior chemotherapy with a combination of several drugs that often included an agent that targets topoisomerase II (doxorubicin or mitoxantrone, but less often VP16). Hematologic characteristics and response to therapy (intensive chemotherapy or ATRA) in tAPL do not seem to differ from those of de novo APL.
Development of an arcless DC circuit break using a mechanical contact and a semiconductor device

Direct current circuit breakers (DCCBs) have receive considerable attention due to their increasing demand in DC power transmission and distributed generation. A hybrid DCCB comprising a mechanical contact, semiconductor device (SiC- MOSFET), and metal oxide varistor offers a small contact resistance when the mechanical contact is closed. After opening the mechanical contact, the contact voltage increases because a molten metal -bridge is formed between the contacts as a result of joule heating. This molten-bridge voltage promotes the current commutation from the mechanical contact to the SiC-MOSFET. After the current commutation is completed, a fast current interruption can be achieved by turning off the SiC-MOSFET. Therefore, the hybrid DCCB can achieve both a small contact resistance and a fast current interruption. In our previous papers, an arcless commutation was reported at the initial stage of the hybrid DCCB opening under a special condition. In this report, higher molten-bridge voltage was obtained using 2-pole contacts connected in series and using high-boiling metals. The higher molten-bridge voltage enabled the hybrid DCCB to interrupt larger current without any arc discharge. Finally, we performed DC current (300 V-150 A) interruption experiment, and succeeded in obtaining arcless current interruption with a probability of 100%.
Eating disorder mental health literacy: What do psychologists, naturopaths, and fitness instructors know?

ABSTRACT At present, there are no known studies investigating the eating disorder mental health literacy (ED-MHL) of common frontline health providers such as psychologists, naturopaths, and fitness instructors. Little research also exists around practitioner knowledge for the spectrum of eating disorders. The current study sought to fill these research gaps and comprised 115 health practitioners who completed an online survey. A fictional vignette describing a female (Sarah) experiencing a subthreshold bulimic variant without purging was presented alongside common ED-MHL items. Almost 4 in 10 psychologists, 7 in 10 natural therapists, and 8 in 10 fitness instructors failed to detect a general eating disorder, with the latter two groups more likely to believe the problem was a self-esteem issue. Perceived helpfulness of people and interventions varied from best practice clinical guidelines, with physical/medical risk management not prioritized, pharmacotherapy viewed poorly, and doctors seen as one of the least helpful people. Although Sarah’s problem was seen as severe and highly common (which may speak to the volume of undetected eating disorders), alarmingly 36.7% of fitness instructors viewed her predicament as desirable given weight lost. This novel study highlights the need for specific training interventions to improve health practitioners’ ED-MHL, particularly around atypical eating disorder presentations, which may facilitate earlier detection and help-seeking for evidence-based interventions rather than expenditure on unhelpful or even harmful treatments, leading to improved community health and lives saved.
The University of Amsterdam at the CLEF 2008 Domain Specific Track: Parsimonious Relevance and Concept Models

We describe our participation in the CLEF 2008 Domain Specific track. The research questions we address are threefold: (i) what are the effects of estimating and applying relevance models to the domain specific collection used at CLEF 2008, (ii)what are the results of parsimonizing these relevance models, and (iii) what are the results of applying concept models for blind relevance feedback? Parsimonization is a technique by which the term probabilities in a language model may be re-estimated based on a comparison with a reference model, making the resulting model more sparse and to the point. Concept models are term distributions over vocabulary terms, based on the language associated with concepts in a thesaurus or ontology and are estimated using the documents which are annotated with concepts. Concept models may be used for blind relevance feedback, by first translating a query to concepts and then back to query terms. We find that applying relevance models helps significantly for the current test collection, in terms of both mean average precision and early precision. Moreover, parsimonizing the relevance models helps mean average precision on title-only queries and early precision on title+narrative queries. Our concept models are able to significantly outperform a baseline query-likelihood run, both in terms of mean average precision and early precision on both title-only and title+narrative queries.
Binocular Disparity and the Perception of Depth Physiological Computation of Binocular Disparity the Correspondence Problem Disparity Attraction and Repulsion Binocular Receptive Field Models and Characteristic Disparity Motion-stereo Integration Pulfrich Depth Illusions

Binocular Disparity and the Perception of Depth 1 We perceive the world in three-dimensions even though the input to our visual system, the images projected onto our two retinas, has only two spatial dimensions. How is this accomplished? It is well known that the visual system is able to infer the third dimension, depth, from a variety of visual cues present in the retinal images. One such cue is binocular disparity, the positional diierence between the two retinal projections of a given point in space (Fig. 1). This positional diierence results from the fact that the two eyes are laterally separated and therefore see the world from two slightly diierent vantage points. The idea that retinal disparity contributes critically to depth perception derives from the invention of the stereoscope by Wheatstone in the 19th century, with which he showed conclusively that the brain uses horizontal disparity to estimate the relative depths of objects in the world with respect to the xation point, a process known as stereoscopic depth perception or stereopsis. Because simple geometry provides relative depth given retinal disparity , the problem of understanding stereo vision reduces to the question: How does the brain measure disparity from the two retinal images in the rst place? Since Wheatstone's discovery, students of vision science have used psychophysical, physiological , and computational methods to unravel the brain's mechanisms of disparity computation. In 1960, Julez made the important contribution that stereo vision does not require monocular depth cues such as shading and perspective (see Julesz (1971)). This was demonstrated through his invention of random dot stereograms. A typical stereogram consists of two images of randomly distributed dots that are identical in all aspects except that a central square region of one image is shifted horizontally by a small distance with respect to the other image (see Fig. 6a for an example). When each image is viewed individually, it appears as nothing more than a at eld of random dots. However, when the two images are viewed dichoptically (i.e., the left and right images are presented to the left and right eyes respectively at the same time) the shifted central square region \jumps" out vividly at a diierent depth. This nding demonstrates that the brain can compute binocular disparity without much help from other visual modalities. The rst direct evidence of disparity coding in the brain was obtained in the late 1960s, when Pettigrew …
First Looks: CATaC '98

The First International Conference on Cultural Attitudes Towards Technology and Communication (CATaC’98), and its affiliated publications, seek to bring together current insights from philosophy, communication theory, and cultural sciences in an interdisciplinary dialogue. The synthesis of disparate scholarly ideas will shed greater light on just how culture impacts on the use and appropriation of new communications technologies. Beyond the individual contributions themselves, some of our most significant insights will emerge as we listen and discuss carefully with one another during the conference itself. As a way of preparing for that discussion, I offer the following overview of the CATaC papers and abstracts, along with a summary of the insights and questions they suggest.
A cohort study of incident myopia in Singaporean children.

PURPOSE To determine the risk factors of incident myopia in a school-based cohort study in Singaporean children. METHODS A 3-year prospective cohort study was conducted in Singaporean school children aged 7 to 9 years in three schools at entry. Chinese children without myopia at baseline (n = 994) were included in the analysis. The main outcome was incident myopia, defined as spherical equivalent (SE) at least -0.75 D based on cycloplegic autorefraction. Other definitions of incident myopia, at least -0.5 D and at least -1.0 D, were also assessed. RESULTS After controlling for school, age, gender, income, reading in books per week and intelligence quotient (IQ) test scores, we found the relative risk (RR) of incident myopia defined as -0.75 D to be 1.55 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-2.04) for two versus no myopic parents. The multivariate RR of myopia for IQ in the third versus first tertile was 1.50 (95% CI, 1.19-1.89). However, the RR of incident myopia was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.97-1.05) for every unit increase in books read per week. Similar results were obtained with definitions of -0.5 and -1.0 D for incident myopia. CONCLUSIONS These data provide new prospective evidence of essential links between parental myopia, IQ scores and subsequent myopia development. However, reading in books per week was not associated with incident myopia.
An extended friction model to capture load and temperature effects in robot joints

Friction is the result of complex interactions between contacting surfaces in a nanoscale perspective. Depending on the application, the different models available are more or less suitable. Available static friction models are typically considered to be dependent only on relative speed of interacting surfaces. However, it is known that friction can be affected by other factors than speed. In this paper, static friction in robot joints is studied with respect to changes in joint angle, load torque and temperature. The effects of these variables are analyzed by means of experiments on a standard industrial robot. Justified by their significance, load torque and temperature are included in an extended static friction model. The proposed model is validated in a wide operating range, reducing the average error a factor of 6 when compared to a standard static friction model.