Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Activation of EGFR promotes squamous carcinoma SCC10A cell migration and invasion via inducing EMT‐like phenotype change and MMP‐9‐mediated degradation of E‐cadherin

EGFR is a potent stimulator of invasion and metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). However, the mechanism by which EGFR may stimulate tumor cell invasion and metastasis still need to be elucidated. In this study, we showed that activation of EGFR by EGF in HNSCC cell line SCC10A enhanced cell migration and invasion, and induced loss of epitheloid phenotype in parallel with downregulation of E‐cadherin and upregulation of N‐cadherin and vimentin, indicating that EGFR promoted SCC10A cell migration and invasion possibly by an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐like phenotype change. Interestingly, activation of EGFR by EGF induced production of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) and soluble E‐cadherin (sE‐cad), and knockdown of MMP‐9 by siRNA inhibited sE‐cad production induced by EGF in SCC10A. Moreover, both MMP‐9 knockdown and E‐cadherin overexpression inhibited cell migration and invasion induced by EGF in SCC10A. The results indicate that EGFR activation promoted cell migration and invasion through inducing MMP‐9‐mediated degradation of E‐cadherin into sE‐cad. Pharmacologic inhibition of EGFR, MEK, and PI3K kinase activity in SCC10A reduced phosphorylated levels of ERK‐1/2 and AKT, production of MMP‐9 and sE‐cad, cell migration and invasion, and expressional changes of EMT markers (E‐cadherin and N‐cadherin) induced by EGF, indicating that EGFR activation promotes cell migration and invasion via ERK‐1/2 and PI3K‐regulated MMP‐9/E‐cadherin signaling pathways. Taken together, the data suggest that EGFR activation promotes HNSCC SCC10A cell migration and invasion by inducing EMT‐like phenotype change and MMP‐9‐mediated degradation of E‐cadherin into sE‐cad related to activation of ERK‐1/2 and PI3K signaling pathways. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 2508–2517, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism in humans.

417 A. 8. C. D. E. F. G. Experimental Design. , . Calculations . Postabsorptive State . Effect of Insulin. Effect of Hyperglycemia. Effect of Combined Hypergl ycemia Plus Hyperinsulinemia . Determinants of Net Splanchnic Glucose Balance: An Overview . 417 418 418 419 422 424 426 m. Contribution of Hepatic virsus Gastrointestinal Tissues to Splanchnic Glucose Metabolism . 428 IV. Disposition of an Oral Glucose Load . 432 A. Background . _. 432 B. Oral Glucose: Splanchnic versus Peripheral Disposal. 433 C. Combined Double TracerlHepatic Vein Catheter Approach . _ , . 436
Exploring auditor independence: an interpretive approach

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the construction of the meanings of auditor independence (AI) in an oil-rich autocratic state with an ideology straddling liberal market capitalism and Design/methodology/approach - The concept of AI was explored using Blumer's interactionist approach or the Chicago School of Symbolic Interactionism (CSSI). Multiple methods were adopted in collecting and interpreting data: document analysis, personal professional experience, observation and interviews with auditors in two audit firms in Saudi Arabia. Findings - Using discourse analysis, the paper demonstrates that auditors construct the meanings of independence in appearance and in fact through their social interactions at three levels: micro (personal self-reflexivity through ethical reasoning and reputation of individual auditor); meso (organisational culture through range of commercial activities and image management) and macro (through political, Originality/value - The paper contributes to the auditing literature by providing insights into the construction of the meaning of AI in a context different from the dominant Anglo-American discourse, as well as transition and emerging economies discourse. The paper also contributes to the CSSI research methodology by extending it to consider interactions not only within an organisational context, but also within the context of a country.
Fusion of multiple viewpoint information towards 3D face robust orientation detection

This paper presents a novel approach to the problem of determining head pose estimation and face 3D orientation of several people in low resolution sequences from multiple calibrated cameras. Spatial redundancy is exploited and the heads of people in the scene are detected and geometrically approximated by an ellipsoid using a voxel reconstruction and a moment analysis method. Skin patches from each detected head are located in each camera view. Data fusion is performed by back-projecting skin patches from single images onto the estimated 3D head model, thus providing a synthetic reconstruction of the head appearance. Finally, these data are processed in a pattern analysis framework thus giving a reliable and robust estimation of face orientation. Tracking over time is performed by Kalman filtering. Results are provided showing the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in a Smart-Room scenario.
Identification of Tmem10 as a Novel Late-stage Oligodendrocytes Marker for Detecting Hypomyelination

Oligodendrocytes ensheath axons to form compact insulating multilamellar structures known as myelin. Tmem10 is a novel type I transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed in oligodendrocytes and whose biological function remains largely unknown. Furthermore, the expression pattern of Tmem10 remains a matter of some controversy. Given the inconsistency of its expression pattern and the lack of validated specific antibodies, Tmem10 is not widely accepted as a marker for mature oligodendrocytes. As a means to solve these problems and to aid future studies of oligodendrocyte-associated diseases, we have generated a highly specific Tmem10 antibody. Using this Tmem10 antibody, we clarify that Tmem10 protein is firstly expressed at 2 weeks in the postnatal mouse brain with age-related increase, only in the central nervous system (CNS). We also reveal that Tmem10 is expressed specifically in late stage oligodendrocytes and later than MAG, a late-stage myelin marker. Finally, we show that Tmem10 co-expresses with MOG- and MBP-positive myelin fibers and is dramatically reduced in a hypomyelination mouse model. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that Tmem10 can be used as a specific marker for myelinating oligodendrocytes and perhaps for the evaluation of myelination diseases, such as multiple sclerosis.
Seismic structure of the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia

The deep crustal and upper mantle structure of the Yilgarn Craton is investigated in this study using receiver‐function analysis of teleseismic earthquake records from temporary stations. Two lines of stations were deployed, the main transect ran between Perth and Kalgoorlie, and a second line of stations ran across the east Yilgarn Craton 200 km to the north of Kalgoorlie. The broadband instrumentation records high‐fidelity waveform data allowing the signal from the near‐receiver structure to be separated from the influence of the earthquake source. The nature of the crust and upper mantle structure under each station is determined from seismic‐velocity models that match the observed receiver‐function waveforms and the resulting coarse‐scale transect provides new, independent controls on the structure of the lithosphere. Mechanisms for the evolution of the Yilgarn Craton, previously put forward to explain surface geological and geochemical observations, and seismic velocity structure from reflection and refraction studies, may be classified as favouring: (i) predominantly accretionary lithospheric evolution; (ii) mixed accretion and other influences; or (iii) no accretionary‐style influence. Characteristics of the deep seismic structure enable the evolutionary mechanism to be inferred. From the teleseismic data, we find that the seismic Moho is sharp in character under stations in the middle of the proposed terranes and more gradational near the proposed terrane boundaries. The Moho dips gently eastward and the seismic velocity of the upper mantle increases moving from west to east across the whole craton. An anomalous region exists under the Southwest terrane that shows a thick high‐velocity gradient zone at the base of the crust and a Moho dipping to the west. The nature of the lateral heterogeneity in structure and its correspondence with proposed terrane boundaries suggest that accretionary processes are significant in the evolution of the Yilgarn Craton.
Assessing flexible leadership as a mastery of opposites.

Because flexible leadership is vital to organizational adaptability and performance, it is important to measure flexibility to identify leadership potential and to guide the development of managers. The most common method for measuring the flexibility of managers involves coworker ratings to survey items that ask about general tendencies for a manager to change behavior in response to changing situational conditions. Unfortunately, there are significant limitations to this approach. This article discusses an alternative method grounded in complexity theories of organizations and leader behavior. In this view, flexible leadership is conceptualized as the mastery of opposing but complementary behaviors in terms of how one leads as well as in terms of what organizational issues a leader focuses on. The mechanics of assessing this conception of flexible leadership are described in detail along with a demonstration of its ability to predict leadership effectiveness. Pros and cons associated with applying the mastery of opposites approach are discussed along with suggestions for how consultants and talent managers can use it.
A Survey on Cellular Automata ∗

A cellular automaton is a decentralized computing model providing an excellent platform for performing complex computation with the help of only local information. Researchers, scientists and practitioners from different fields have exploited the CA paradigm of local information, decentralized control and universal computation for modeling different applications. This article provides a survey of available literature of some of the methodologies employed by researchers to utilize cellular automata for modeling purposes. The survey introduces the different types of cellular automata being used for modeling and the analytical methods used to predict its global behavior from its local configurations. It further gives a detailed sketch of the efforts undertaken to configure the local settings of CA from a given global situation; the problem which has been traditionally termed as the inverse problem. Finally, it presents the different fields in which CA have been applied. The extensive bibliography provided with the article will be of help to the new entrant as well as researchers working in this field.
Modelling the Response of FOXO Transcription Factors to Multiple Post-Translational Modifications Made by Ageing-Related Signalling Pathways

FOXO transcription factors are an important, conserved family of regulators of cellular processes including metabolism, cell-cycle progression, apoptosis and stress resistance. They are required for the efficacy of several of the genetic interventions that modulate lifespan. FOXO activity is regulated by multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs) that affect its subcellular localization, half-life, DNA binding and transcriptional activity. Here, we show how a mathematical modelling approach can be used to simulate the effects, singly and in combination, of these PTMs. Our model is implemented using the Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML), generated by an ancillary program and simulated in a stochastic framework. The use of the ancillary program to generate the SBML is necessary because the possibility that many regulatory PTMs may be added, each independently of the others, means that a large number of chemically distinct forms of the FOXO molecule must be taken into account, and the program is used to generate them. Although the model does not yet include detailed representations of events upstream and downstream of FOXO, we show how it can qualitatively, and in some cases quantitatively, reproduce the known effects of certain treatments that induce various single and multiple PTMs, and allows for a complex spatiotemporal interplay of effects due to the activation of multiple PTM-inducing treatments. Thus, it provides an important framework to integrate current knowledge about the behaviour of FOXO. The approach should be generally applicable to other proteins experiencing multiple regulations.
Obstetric outcome following free maternal care at Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH), Parklane, Enugu, South-eastern Nigeria

Summary This study aims to determine the impact of free maternal care on the utilisation of the available delivery services and to evaluate the obstetric outcome. All deliveries at ESUTH, Parklane within the 4 months of free maternal care from 1 September to 31 December 2008 were studied and compared with deliveries that took place 4 months before and after the free services. The results were analysed using Epi-info statistical software version 3:2:2. There was an 88% rise in the number of deliveries with the introduction of free maternal services and a 30% drop within 4 months of its termination. The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) dropped slightly, but morbidity increased significantly, as well as stillbirth rate (77/1,000 births), especially intrapartum stillbirth. Cost barrier limits women’s access to healthcare in developing countries and must be addressed if we aim to achieve Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 4 and 5.
The Production and Processing of Verbal Irony

The articles in this issue of Metaphor and Symbol address the topic of verbal irony from 3 perspectives: adult comprehension and production, child comprehension, and neuropsychological underpinnings. These approaches are complementary and hold the promise of providing converging evidence for testing theories of verbal irony. A discourse goals and heuristics approach to irony production and processing has the potential to explain why ironic statements are used, how they are interpreted, and why they are sometimes misunderstood.
Bilingual education and at-risk students

This article reviews research that has examined the linguistic and academic outcomes of at-risk learners in bilingual/immersion programs. Specifically, we review research on at-risk students with: disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds, low levels of academic or general intellectual ability, poor first language ability, special education needs (including students at risk for or with language and/or reading impairment), and students who speak non-standard varieties of their first language and/or come from ethnically diverse backgrounds, including minority ethnic groups. We conclude by identifying topics and issues that warrant future research.
Single-Cell and Population Coding of Expected Reward Probability in the Orbitofrontal Cortex of the Rat

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has been implicated in decision-making under uncertainty, but it is unknown how information about the probability or uncertainty of future reward is coded by single orbitofrontal neurons and ensembles. We recorded neuronal ensembles in rat OFC during an olfactory discrimination task in which different odor stimuli predicted different reward probabilities. Single-unit firing patterns correlated to the expected reward probability primarily within an immobile waiting period before reward delivery but also when the rat executed movements toward the reward site. During these pre-reward periods, a subset of OFC neurons was sensitive to differences in probability but only very rarely discriminated on the basis of reward uncertainty. In the reward period, neurons responded during presentation or omission of reward or during both types of outcome. At the population level, neurons were characterized by a wide divergence in firing-rate variability attributable to expected probability. A population analysis using template matching as reconstruction method indicated that OFC generates a distributed representation of reward probability with a weak dependence on neuronal group size. The analysis furthermore confirmed that predictive information coded by OFC populations was quantitatively related to reward probability, but not to uncertainty.
High Genetic Diversity of Newcastle Disease Virus in Poultry in West and Central Africa: Cocirculation of Genotype XIV and Newly Defined Genotypes XVII and XVIII

ABSTRACT Despite rampant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) outbreaks in Africa for decades, the information about the genetic characteristics of the virulent strains circulating in West and Central Africa is still scarce. In this study, 96 complete NDV fusion gene sequences were obtained from poultry sampled in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, and Nigeria between 2006 and 2011. Based on rational criteria recently proposed for the classification of NDV strains into classes, genotypes, and subgenotypes, we revisited the classification of virulent strains, in particular those from West and Central Africa, leading to their grouping into genotype XIV and newly defined genotypes XVII and XVIII, each with two subgenotypes. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that several (sub)genotypes are found in almost every country. In Cameroon, most strains were related to vaccine strains, but a single genotype XVII strain was also found. Only three highly similar genotype XVII strains were detected in Central African Republic. Subgenotypes XVIIa, XVIIIa, and XVIIIb cocirculated in Côte d'Ivoire, while subgenotypes XIVa, XIVb, XVIIa, XVIIb, and XVIIIb were found in Nigeria. While these genotypes are so far geographically restricted, local and international trade of domestic and exotic birds may lead to their spread beyond West and Central Africa. A high genetic diversity, mutations in important neutralizing epitopes paired with suboptimal vaccination, various levels of clinical responses of poultry and wild birds to virulent strains, strains with new cleavage sites, and other genetic modifications found in these genotypes tend to undermine and complicate NDV management in Africa.
Ethno‐Cultural Considerations in Negotiation: Pretense, Deception and Lies in the Greek Workplace

A retrospect into ethos, this study examines the impact of individualism, collectivism, ethical idealism and interpersonal trust on negotiators' attitudes toward questionable negotiation tactics in Greece. A thousand survey questionnaires were administered to Greek employees, of which 327 usable responses were collected. Our findings empirically corroborated a classification of three groups of negotiation tactics, namely, pretense, deception and lies. Individualism–collectivism and ethical idealism were found to be related, and interpersonal trust was found to be unrelated, to attitudes toward questionable negotiation tactics. Emphasizing the non‐US and non‐Western European nature of the empirical data collected, the originality of this research further stems from the development of a comprehensive research framework about questionable negotiation tactics in Greece.
Stretched random walks and the behaviour of their summands

This paper explores the joint behaviour of the summands of a random walk when their mean value goes to infinity as its length increases. It is proved that all the summands must share the same value, which extends previous results in the context of large exceedances of finite sums of i.i. d. random variables. Some consequences are drawn pertaining to the local behaviour of a random walk conditioned on a large deviation constraint on its end value. It is shown that the sample paths exhibit local oblic segments with increasing size and slope as the length of the random walk increases.
Hypokalemic Paralysis: A Hidden Card of Several Autoimmune Diseases

Acute hypokalemic paralysis is a rare and potentially fatal condition, with few related causes, one of which highlights distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA). Distal renal tubular acidosis is a rare complication of several autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren’s syndrome, and Hashimoto thyroiditis. We report a case of a lupic patient who presented rapidly progressive quadriparesis in the context of active renal disease. Research revealed severe refractory hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, and alkaline urine suggestive of dRTA. We diagnosed Sjögren’s syndrome based on sicca symptoms, an abnormal salivary glands’ nuclear scan and the presence of anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB. In addition, the finding of thyroid peroxidase, thyroglobulin antibodies, and hypothyroidism led us to the diagnosis of Hashimoto thyroiditis. Due to the active renal involvement on the context of systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren’s syndrome, the patient received immunosuppression with rituximab, resulting in a progressive and complete improvement.
Understanding How Resiliency Development Influences Adolescent Bullying and Victimization

In this study, the self-report Youth Resiliency: Assessing Development Strengths (YR:ADS) questionnaire is used with adolescents from seven junior and senior high schools (N = 2,991) to investigate the function of resiliency profiles as a model for understanding why adolescents engage in bullying and acts of aggression and how having these developmental strengths reduces victimization. In support of a protective-protective model of resiliency, the linear relationship with each behaviour indicator shows that the interactive risk and outcome relationship decreases with each strength or resiliency factor present. These results suggest that adolescents with positive situational and internal factors in their daily lives are inclined to lead prosocial or constructive lifestyles. The ability to negotiate risk or engagement in at-risk behaviours needs to shift the future research from simply identifying protective factors, to an understanding of how the development of resiliency processes allow some individuals to cope more effectively than others. Dans cette étude, un questionnaire auto-reportage : Youth Resiliency: Assessing Development Strengths (YR:ADS) pour adolescents dans sept lycées (n = 2,219) examine la fonction de profiles de la résilience comme modèle de comprendre pourquoi les adolescents se livrent à la brimade et les actes aggresifs et comment la possession des forces de dévelopment reduit la victimizme. En appuy d’ une modèle protective-protective de la résilience, les correspondences avec chaque indicateur montrent que le rapport entre risque et résultat diminue par chaque puissance ou résilience. Ces résultats indiquent que ceux qui ont des facteurs situationals et internals positifs dans la vie quotidiennne ont plus tendance à mener une vie prosociale et constructive-positive. La capacité de négotier risque ou engagement dans les conduites hazardeuses indique que la recherche en futur doit s’eloigner d’ identifier les facteurs protectifs vers un compréhension comment le développement des modes de résilience permet certains individus de se débrouliller plus effectivement que les autres.