Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pre-Hospital Dietary Intake Correlates with Muscle Mass at the Time of Fracture in Older Hip-Fractured Patients

Background: Failure to meet an adequate dietary intake is involved in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia and osteoporosis, which in turn increase the risk for falls and fractures, respectively. Older people with hip fracture are often protein-malnourished at hospitalization. Whether low protein-energy intake is associated with muscle atrophy in hip-fractured patients is presently unknown. This information is necessary for the development of novel strategies to manage this especially vulnerable patient population. The aim of this study was, therefore, to explore the relationship between dietary intake and muscle mass in older hip-fractured patients. Methods: Analyses were conducted in hip-fractured elderly admitted to an orthopedic and trauma surgery ward (University Hospital). Muscle mass was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis within 24 h from admission. Dietary information was collected via 24-h dietary recall and nutrient intake calculated by a nutrition software. Results: Among 62 hip-fractured patients (mean age 84.6 ± 7.6 years, 84% women), the average energy intake was 929.2 ± 170.3 Kcal day−1, with higher values reported by men (1.046.8 ± 231.4 Kcal day−1) relative to women (906.5 ± 148.3 Kcal day−1; p = 0.01). Absolute and normalized protein intake was 50.0 ± 13.5 g day−1 and 0.88 ± 0.27 g kg (body weight)–1 day–1, respectively, with no gender differences. A positive correlation was determined between total energy intake and muscle mass (r = 0.384; p = 0.003). Similarly, protein and leucine consumption was positively correlated with muscle mass (r = 0.367 and 0.311, respectively; p = 0.005 for both). Conclusion: A low intake of calories, protein, and leucine is associated with reduced muscle mass in hip-fractured elderly. Given the relevance of sarcopenia as a risk factor for adverse outcomes in this patient population, our findings highlight the importance of a comprehensive dietary assessment for the detection of nutritional deficits predisposing to or aggravating muscle atrophy.
Network Analysis of Human In-Stent Restenosis

Background— Recent successes in the treatment of in-stent restenosis (ISR) by drug-eluting stents belie the challenges still faced in certain lesions and patient groups. We analyzed human coronary atheroma in de novo and restenotic disease to identify targets of therapy that might avoid these limitations. Methods and Results— We recruited 89 patients who underwent coronary atherectomy for de novo atherosclerosis (n=55) or in-stent restenosis (ISR) of a bare metal stent (n=34). Samples were fixed for histology, and gene expression was assessed with a dual-dye 22 000 oligonucleotide microarray. Histological analysis revealed significantly greater cellularity and significantly fewer inflammatory infiltrates and lipid pools in the ISR group. Gene ontology analysis demonstrated the prominence of cell proliferation programs in ISR and inflammation/immune programs in de novo restenosis. Network analysis, which combines semantic mining of the published literature with the expression signature of ISR, revealed gene expression modules suggested as candidates for selective inhibition of restenotic disease. Two modules are presented in more detail, the procollagen type 1 &agr;2 gene and the ADAM17/tumor necrosis factor-&agr; converting enzyme gene. We tested our contention that this method is capable of identifying successful targets of therapy by comparing mean significance scores for networks generated from subsets of the published literature containing the terms “sirolimus” or “paclitaxel. ” In addition, we generated 2 large networks with sirolimus and paclitaxel at their centers. Both analyses revealed higher mean values for sirolimus, suggesting that this agent has a broader suppressive action against ISR than paclitaxel. Conclusions— Comprehensive histological and gene network analysis of human ISR reveals potential targets for directed abrogation of restenotic disease and recapitulates the results of clinical trials of existing agents.
Pupil mobility and educational achievement in schools: an empirical analysis

One of the problems facing education policy-makers is how to raise achievement in schools. Improving schools and raising achievement requires, at the very least, an understanding of the factors influencing performance in schools. Previous research has looked at a number of factors, including quality of teaching and learning, patterns of resource use, gender, ethnicity, social class and socio-economic background in schools, but there has been little empirical research into the effect of pupil mobility on school performance. Pupil mobility in schools also has implications for many important policy areas, such as school funding, target-setting and league tables, and yet it is only just beginning to be recognized as an important policy issue. This paper examines the relationship between pupil mobility and educational achievement in an inner city LEA. The performance of three cohorts of pupils at key stages 2 and 3 and GCSE are analysed by the mobility factor to illustrate the effect of pupil mobility on educational attainment. This is followed by a discussion of the causes of pupil mobility in schools and strategies adopted by schools to address mobility problems. The final section of the paper addresses the implications of the empirical evidence for school improvement strategies and funding allocations.
Do Plans Matter?

Using data on vacant land sales in Washington County, Oregon, the authors find that plans for light rail investments have positive effects on land values in proposed station areas. These findings suggest that such capitalization is likely to discourage the development of low-density housing in station areas and encourage high-density, transportation-oriented development. More important, the results provide support for a model in which planning is rational behavior by a local government and that plans—independent of regulations— can be used to alter urban development patterns for the purpose of increasing social welfare. To the extent that these results hold more generally, these results suggest that plans indeed matter.
Road Friction Virtual Sensing: A Review of Estimation Techniques with Emphasis on Low Excitation Approaches

In this paper, a review on road friction virtual sensing approaches is provided. In particular, this work attempts to address whether the road grip potential can be estimated accurately under regular driving conditions in which the vehicle responses remain within low longitudinal and lateral excitation levels. This review covers in detail the most relevant effect-based estimation methods; these are methods in which the road friction characteristics are inferred from the tyre responses: tyre slip, tyre vibration, and tyre noise. Slip-based approaches (longitudinal dynamics, lateral dynamics, and tyre self-alignment moment) are covered in the first part of the review, while low frequency and high frequency vibration-based works are presented in the following sections. Finally, a brief summary containing the main advantages and drawbacks derived from each estimation method and the future envisaged research lines are presented in the last sections of the paper.
Obstacles to palliation and end-of-life care in a long-term care facility.

PURPOSE This exploratory study used a set of four obstacle constructs derived from both the existing literature and our earlier work to describe the diverse end-of-life scenarios observed for a group of residents in a long-term care facility. DESIGN AND METHODS Data from a retrospective chart review and both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection and analysis were used to examine in-depth the end-of-life experiences of all nursing home residents (N = 41) who died on the nursing care unit of a large continuing care retirement community during an 18-month period. RESULTS A hierarchy of obstacles to palliation and end-of-life care seems to exist in long-term care settings that begins with the lack of recognition that restorative, rehabilitative, or curative treatment futility has commenced. The next three obstacles in sequence include lack of communication among decision makers, no agreement on a course of care, and failure to implement a timely plan of care. IMPLICATIONS The findings highlight the importance of determining treatment futility as an initial step in the successful delivery of palliative and end-of-life care to residents in long-term care followed by the need for a deliberate and proactive series of actions and care planning processes.
Fitness change in relation to mutation number in spontaneous mutation accumulation lines of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Although all genetic variation ultimately stems from mutations, their properties are difficult to study directly. Here, we used multiple mutation accumulation (MA) lines derived from five genetic backgrounds of the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that have been previously subjected to whole genome sequencing to investigate the relationship between the number of spontaneous mutations and change in fitness from a nonevolved ancestor. MA lines were on average less fit than their ancestors and we detected a significantly negative correlation between the change in fitness and the total number of accumulated mutations in the genome. Likewise, the number of mutations located within coding regions significantly and negatively impacted MA line fitness. We used the fitness data to parameterize a maximum likelihood model to estimate discrete categories of mutational effects, and found that models containing one to two mutational effect categories (one neutral and one deleterious category) fitted the data best. However, the best‐fitting mutational effects models were highly dependent on the genetic background of the ancestral strain.
Rethinking TESOL From a SOL's Perspective: Indigenous Epistemology and Decolonizing Praxis in TESOL

In this paper, as a 'SOL' of TESOL, I examine the conjunction between TESOL and colonialism, its manifestation in the South Korean context, and how to create a counter-hegemonic space to envision decolonizing TESOL praxis through explication and repudiation of such colonial discourse in TESOL. In particular, I focus on decolonizing knowledge production in TESOL through "indigenous epistemology," an epistemology of the colonized informed by indigenous ideas and local practices (cf. Dei & Asgharzadeh, 2000; Gegeo & Watson-Gegeo, 2002), as an alternative paradigm for TESOL analysis. Political evocation of indigenous epistemology to challenge the Western canon prevalent in TESOL contributes to academic decolonization of TESOL as a global industry, and ELT theories and pedagogies.
Relation between work stress and job performance in nursing: A comparison of models

Multilevel covariance structure analysis was used to compare two theoretical models that have been proposed to explain the relation between job demand and job control on nursing performance. A key feature of both models is that high job demand and low job control influences the nurses mood state (or state of stress), and this results in reduced nursing performance. Objective measures of job demand and level of control were collected at the level of the hospital ward; measures of perceived job demand, job control, mood state, and nursing performance related to individual nurses within each ward. The modeling provided evidence that both perceived job demand and perceived job control influenced both anxiety and emotional exhaustion, enabling us to reject 1 of the proposed models.
International Debt Shifting: Do Multinationals Shift Internal or External Debt?

Multinational companies can exploit the tax advantage of debt more aggressively than national companies by shifting debt from affiliates in low tax countries to affiliates in high tax countries. Previous papers have either omitted internal debt or external debt from the analysis. We are the first to model the companies’ choice between internal and external debt shifting and show that it is optimal for them to use both types of debt to save taxes. Using a large panel of German multinationals, we find strong empirical support for our model. The estimated coefficients suggest that internal and external debt shifting are of about equal relevance. Since the tax variables that determine the incentive to shift internal and external debt are correlated both with each other and with the host country tax rate, previous estimates of the tax sensitivity of debt suffer from omitted variable bias.
Partage de l'information en situation de coopération à distance et nouvelles technologies de la communication : bilan de recherches récentes

Nous avons effectue un bilan de travaux recents consacres a l’impact de differents outils de communication a distance dans le cadre du travail collectif. L’introduction vise a situer les types d’informations qui doivent etre partagees pour rendre l’interaction efficace, en relation avec le canal de communication utilise. Ces points sont developpes dans les parties suivantes. La premiere partie est consacree au partage d’informations relatives aux objets et aux tâches, la deuxieme partie au partage d’informations relatives a autrui. Dans la troisieme partie, nous traitons des canaux de communication permettant de vehiculer ces informations, en insistant sur l’importance de la nature de la tâche pour definir leur adequation. En conclusion, nous resumons les aspects qui doivent etre pris en compte par les systemes de communication a distance pour concurrencer reellement une interaction fonctionnelle en copresence, et insistons sur l’importance de la prise en compte de la nature des tâches dans le choix d’outils de communication. Enfin, une ouverture est faite vers le domaine de l’enseignement tutore a distance et celui des reunions de travail virtuelles.
Reason explanation a first-order rationalizing account

How do reason explanations explain? One view is that they require the deployment of a tacit psychological theory; another is that even if no tacit theory is involved, we must still conceive of reasons as mental states. By focusing on the subjective nature of agency, and by casting explanations as responses to ‘why’ questions that assuage agents' puzzlement, reason explanations can be profitably understood as part of our traffic in first-order content amongst perspectival subjects. An outline is offered of such an account of reason explanation, one that fully acknowledges the distinctive first-order first-person normative perspective of agency.
On the Performance of Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Using Amplify-and-Forward Cooperative Diversity

We analyze wireless ad hoc networks that use cooperative diversity from two complementary perspectives. The network we consider uses the amplify-and-forward (AF) cooperation protocol. We first determine the capacity region and rate matrices for these networks. Numerical results indicate that cooperation is beneficial when optimal multi-hop routing is not used, but can be ineffective when optimal multi-hop routing is employed. Secondly, we develop an analytical expression for the transmission blocking probability (TBP). The TBP allows us to draw insight into the possible benefits of cooperation. We determine that the TBP for networks that use cooperation is not noticeably larger than that for networks that employ only point-to-point communications. Taken together, these two results leads us to conclude that although the blocking probability does not significantly increase when cooperation is used, the capacity is only increased in certain scenarios, i.e. when optimal multi-hop routing is not used
The Acceptability of a Doctoral Degree Earned Online as a Credential for Obtaining a Faculty Position

A national survey was used to assess the acceptability of a job applicant's qualifications that included online coursework. The questionnaire, sent to hiring committee chairpersons, described three hypothetical applicants who earned degrees through a "traditional" institution, a "virtual" institution, and "mixed" coursework. The respondents were asked to select one applicant for the position and provide written explanations. The applicant with a traditional degree was preferred in two different hiring scenarios. The respondents' comments revealed five categories of importance: experiences, institutional quality, face-to-face interaction, socialization, and mentoring.
Linkages Between Performance Appraisal System Effectiveness and Rater and Ratee Acceptance

This article examines the correlates of perceived effective performance ap praisal systems with special emphasis on the role of perceived rater and ratee acceptance. The sample consists of 240 municipal government performance appraisal systems and is the first attempt to test the relationships using a large sample. This study is congruent with recent research that emphasizes the importance of process variables over technique and instrumentation. The results indicate that perceived rater and ratee performance appraisal system acceptance explains the greatest amount of the variance in perceived appraisal system effectiveness.
Integrin-linked kinase regulates p38 MAPK-dependent cell cycle arrest in ureteric bud development

The integrin-linked kinase (ILK), pinch and parvin ternary complex connects the cytoplasmic tails of β1 integrins to the actin cytoskeleton. We recently showed that constitutive expression of ILK and alpha parvin in both the ureteric bud and the metanephric mesenchyme of the kidney is required for kidney development. In this study, we define the selective role of ILK in the ureteric bud of the mouse kidney in renal development by deleting it in the ureteric cell lineage before the onset of branching morphogenesis (E10.5). Although deleting ILK resulted in only a moderate decrease in branching, the mice died at 8 weeks of age from obstruction due to the unprecedented finding of intraluminal collecting duct cellular proliferation. ILK deletion in the ureteric bud resulted in the inability of collecting duct cells to undergo contact inhibition and to activate p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in vivo and in vitro. p38 MAPK activation was not dependent on the kinase activity of ILK. Thus, we conclude that ILK plays a crucial role in activating p38 MAPK, which regulates cell cycle arrest of epithelial cells in renal tubulogenesis.
Some Cerebellar Influences on Electrically‐Induced Cerebral Seizures *

The cerebellum has long been known to exert a regulatory influence on the functioning of motor centers, but the possibility that it might, in addition, ineuence other sorts of nervous activity has been less well studied. The present report is one of a series of inquiries into this question. Extensive cerebellmrebral projections have been previously demonstrated (Henneman, Cooke and Snider, 1952). More recently, it was observed that cerebellar stimulation can alter the electrocorticogram (Cooke and Snider, 1953), and that conversely cerebral stimulation may exert an influence on the electrocerebellogram (Cooke and Snider, 1954). These findings make it desirable to study the interaction of these two subdivisions of the nervous system during seizure activity. Previous work by M o r e ( 1941 ) indicated that the cerebellum was able to modify the clonic twitches which follow application of strychnine to the surface of the motor cortex in the cat. However, we are not aware of an investigation into the way in which the cerebellum might act upon an electrically-induced seizure discharge provoked independently in some other area of the central nervous system. During the course of this study it became less easy to define clearly what was seizure activity since various areas do not appear to have an uniform mode of seizure response. Therefore,
The Role of Skeletal Muscle Glycogen Breakdown for Regulation of Insulin Sensitivity by Exercise

Glycogen is the storage form of carbohydrates in mammals. In humans the majority of glycogen is stored in skeletal muscles (∼500 g) and the liver (∼100 g). Food is supplied in larger meals, but the blood glucose concentration has to be kept within narrow limits to survive and stay healthy. Therefore, the body has to cope with periods of excess carbohydrates and periods without supplementation. Healthy persons remove blood glucose rapidly when glucose is in excess, but insulin-stimulated glucose disposal is reduced in insulin resistant and type 2 diabetic subjects. During a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, 70–90% of glucose disposal will be stored as muscle glycogen in healthy subjects. The glycogen stores in skeletal muscles are limited because an efficient feedback-mediated inhibition of glycogen synthase prevents accumulation. De novo lipid synthesis can contribute to glucose disposal when glycogen stores are filled. Exercise physiologists normally consider glycogen’s main function as energy substrate. Glycogen is the main energy substrate during exercise intensity above 70% of maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max⁡) and fatigue develops when the glycogen stores are depleted in the active muscles. After exercise, the rate of glycogen synthesis is increased to replete glycogen stores, and blood glucose is the substrate. Indeed insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis is elevated after exercise, which, from an evolutional point of view, will favor glycogen repletion and preparation for new “fight or flight” events. In the modern society, the reduced glycogen stores in skeletal muscles after exercise allows carbohydrates to be stored as muscle glycogen and prevents that glucose is channeled to de novo lipid synthesis, which over time will causes ectopic fat accumulation and insulin resistance. The reduction of skeletal muscle glycogen after exercise allows a healthy storage of carbohydrates after meals and prevents development of type 2 diabetes.
Sleep Parameters, Functional Status, and Time Post-Stroke are Associated with Offline Motor Skill Learning in People with Chronic Stroke

Background Mounting evidence demonstrates that individuals with stroke benefit from sleep to enhance learning of a motor task. While stage NREM2 sleep and REM sleep have been associated with offline motor skill learning in neurologically intact individuals, it remains unknown which sleep parameters or specific sleep stages are associated with offline motor skill learning in individuals with stroke. Methods Twenty individuals with chronic stroke (>6 months following stroke) and 10 control participants slept for three consecutive nights in a sleep laboratory with polysomnography. Participants practiced a tracking task the morning before the third night and underwent a retention test the morning following the third night. Offline learning on the tracking task was assessed. Pearson’s correlations assessed for associations between the magnitude of offline learning and sleep variables, age, upper-extremity motor function, stroke severity, depression, and time since stroke occurrence. Results Individuals with stroke performed with significantly less error on the tracking task following a night of sleep (p = 0.006) while the control participants did not (p = 0.816). Increased sleep efficiency (r = −0.285), less time spent in stage NREM3 sleep (r = 0.260), and more time spent in stage REM sleep (r = −0.266) were weakly-to-moderately associated with increased magnitude of offline motor learning. Furthermore, higher upper-extremity motor function (r = −0.400), lower stroke severity (r = 0.360), and less time since stroke occurrence (r = 0.311) were moderately associated with increased magnitude of offline motor learning. Conclusion This study is the first study to provide insight into which sleep stages and individual characteristics may be associated with offline learning in people with stroke. Further research is needed to delineate which factors or combination of factors promote offline motor learning in people with neurologic injury to best promote motor recovery in these individuals.