Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus-Induced Tumors Show Altered Levels of Proapoptotic and Antiapoptotic Proteins

ABSTRACT Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) is a replication-competent, simple retrovirus that induces T-cell lymphomas when inoculated into neonatal mice. The tumor cells are typically derived from immature T cells. During preleukemic times, a marked decrease in thymic size is apparent in M-MuLV-inoculated mice. We previously demonstrated that this thymic regression is correlated with enhanced levels of thymocyte apoptosis (C. Bonzon and H. Fan, J. Virol. 73:2434-2441, 1999). In this study, we investigated the apoptotic state of M-MuLV-induced tumors. M-MuLV-induced tumors were screened for expression of the apoptotic proteins Fas and Bcl-2 by three-color flow cytometric analysis. Single-positive (SP; CD4+ CD8− and CD4−CD8+) tumor cells generally displayed lower cell surface expression of Fas than SP thymocytes from uninoculated control mice. Double-positive (DP; CD4+ CD8+) M-MuLV-induced tumor cells fell into two categories: those with normal high levels of Fas and those with low levels of Fas. Additionally, the vast majority of DP tumors showed elevated Bcl-2 levels. The DP tumor cells retaining normal/high Fas expression were capable of transducing an apoptotic signal upon anti-Fas engagement. In addition, DP and CD4+SP tumor populations displayed higher levels of Fas ligand than normal thymocytes with the same phenotypes. In contrast, CD8+ SP and CD4− CD8− tumors did not show elevated Fas ligand expression. There was no significant correlation between Fas and Fas ligand expression in the DP tumors, suggesting that Fas Ligand expression was not the driving force behind Fas down-regulation. These results suggest that both the Fas death receptor and mitochondrial pathways of apoptotic death are active in M-MuLV-induced tumors and that they must be modulated to permit cell survival and tumor outgrowth.
Evaluation of miR-141, miR-200c, miR-30b Expression and Clinicopathological Features of Bladder Cancer

Bladder cancer (BC) ranks the second most common genitourinary tract malignant tumor with high mortality and 70% recurrence rate worldwide. MiRNAs expression has noticeable role in bladder tumorigenesis. The purpose of this study was to assess miR-200c, miR-30b and miR-141 in tissue samples of patients with BC and healthy adjacent tissue samples and their association with muscle invasion, grade and the size of the tumor. Transurethral resection tissue samples were collected from thirty- five newly diagnosed untreated patients with BC from 2013 to 2014. The control group consisted of adjacent normal urothelium. All samples, observed by two pathologists, were diagnosed transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) with the proportion of tumor cells greater than 80%. Total RNA including miRNAs was extracted from about 50 mg tissue samples by applying TRIzol reagent. 2(-ΔΔ CT) method was used to calculate relative quantiﬁcation of miRNA expression. Two of 35 patients were females and the other 33 were males. Invasion to bladder muscle was observed in 13 (37%) cases. MiR-141, miR-200-c and miR30-b were up-regulated in 91%, 79% and 64% of malignant tissues, respectively. Down-regulation of miR-141 had a strong association with muscle invasion (P= 0.017). Significant inverse correlation between grading and miRNA-141 level was observed (P= 0.043).
The Present Status , Challenges , and Future Developments in Computational Fluid Dynamics

requirements for effective industriaf%e, . and trade-offs between modelling accuracy and computational costs. Isdynamics as a tool for aircraft desi P t addresses the Des ite the advances that have been made, CFD is still not geing exploited as effectively as one would like in the design process. This is pad due to the long set-up and high costs, both human andlcomput? tional of complex flow simulations. The essential requuements for industrial use are: sues in algorithmaesi ari discussed in detail, together
Plasticity and heritability of morphological variation within and between parapatric stickleback demes

The threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) has emerged as an important model organism in evolutionary ecology, largely due to the repeated, parallel evolution of divergent morphotypes found in populations having colonized freshwater habitats. However, morphological divergence following colonization is not a universal phenomenon. We explore this in a large‐scale estuarine ecosystem inhabited by two parapatric stickleback demes, each physiologically adapted to divergent osmoregulatory environments (fresh vs. saline waters). Using geometric morphometric analyses of wild‐caught individuals, we detected significant differences between demes, in addition to sexual dimorphism, in body shape. However, rearing full‐sib families from each deme under controlled, reciprocal salinity conditions revealed no differences between genotypes and highly significant environmental effects. It is also noteworthy that fish from both demes were fully plated, whether found in the wild or reared under reciprocal salinity conditions. Although we found significant heritability for body shape, we also noted significant direct environmental effects for many latent shape variables. Moreover, we found little evidence for diversifying selection acting on body size and shape (QST). Nevertheless, uniform compressive variation did exceed neutral expectations, yet despite evidence of both allometry and genetic correlation with body length, we detected no correlated signatures of selection. Taken together, these results suggest that much of the morphological divergence observed in this system is the result of plastic responses to environmental variation rather than adaptive differentiation.
Analysis of link formation, persistence and dissolution in NetSense data

We study a unique behavioral network data set (based on periodic surveys and on electronic logs of dyadic contact via smartphones) collected at the University of Notre Dame. The participants are a sample of members of the entering class of freshmen in the fall of 2011 whose opinions on a wide variety of political and social issues and activities on campus were regularly recorded - at the beginning and end of each semester - for the first three years of their residence on campus. We create a communication activity network implied by call and text data, and a friendship network based on surveys. Both networks are limited to students participating in the NetSense surveys. We aim at finding student traits and activities on which agreements correlate well with formation and persistence of links while disagreements is highly correlated with non-existence or dissolution of links in the two social networks that we created. Using statistical analysis and machine learning, we observe several traits and activities displaying such correlations, thus being of potential use to predict social network evolution.
Dual Parallel Modulation Schemes for Low-Distortion Analog Optical Transmission

The use of two integrated-optical modulators operated in parallel to attain low-distortion analog optical transmission is examined. This static feedforward approach achieves significantly improved linearity at the expense of small increases in the required optical power and moderate increases in the required drive voltage. A novel variation that uses the unique characteristics of an integrated-optical modulator to correct the dominant quadratic distortion of a directly modulated laser is proposed. >
Serum Antibody to Rift Valley Fever Virus in African Carnivores

Rift Valley fever (RVF) was first described in 1931 by Daubney et al.' as a highly fatal epizootic disease of sheep in Kenya. The causative agent, RVF virus (RVFV), is a Bunyavims in the genus Phlebovirus* and is spread mainly by mosquitoes, particularly species of Aedes and Culex. While RVFV is known to be endemic in the Rift Valley, it has caused outbreaks in Egypt,) South Africa: Mauritania: and Madagascar.6 Cattle, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, mice, hamsters, rats, camels, water buffaloes, horses, monkeys, and humans are known to be susceptible to RVFV, as recently reviewed by House? This paper reports the results of an extensive RVF serological survey among a diversity of African carnivore species.
Using Yield Spreads to Estimate Expected Returns on Debt and Equity

This paper develops and tests a method of extracting expectations about default losses on corporate debt from yield spreads. It is based on calibrating the Merton (1974) model to yield spread, leverage and equity volatility. For rating classes, the approach generates forwardlooking expected default loss estimates similar to historical losses, and is also applicable for individual bonds. The information content of the estimate is superior to linear ex ante functions of the variables it uses as inputs. We also find that estimates of equity risk premia consistent with historical default experiences range from 3.1% for AA companies to 8.5% for B companies.
Measuring Household Spending and Payment Habits: The Role of 'Typical' and 'Specific' Time Frames in Survey Questions

We designed and fielded an experimental module in the American Life Panel (ALP) where we ask individuals to report the number of their purchases and the amount paid by debit cards, cash, credit cards, and personal checks. The design of the experiment features several stages of randomization. First, three different groups of sample participants are randomly assigned to an entry month (July, August, or September, 2011) and are to be interviewed four times during a year, once every quarter. Second, for each method of payment a sequence of questions elicits spending behavior during a day, week, month, and year. At the time of the first interview, this sequence is randomly assigned to refer to “specific” time spans or to “typical” time spans. In all subsequent interviews, a “specific” sequence becomes a “typical” sequence and vice versa. In this paper, we analyze the data from the first wave of the survey. We show that the type— specific or typical— and length of recall periods greatly influence household reporting behavior.
Transient Expression of Transglutaminase C During Prenatal Development of Human Muscles

Tissue transglutaminase (TGase C, TGase II) is known to participate in cellular processes during morphogenesis, differentiation, and development of various prenatal tissues and organs. The expression of TGase C during myoblast proliferation and attachment to external laminae was examined by immunohistochemical (IH) localization at 5–12 weeks of developmental stages of prenatal human muscle in 23 embryos. IH detection using a monospecific antibody to TGase C showed a prominent expression of TGase C in muscle cells as stage- and spatial-specific patterns during an early embryonal period. The myoblasts of intervertebral, tongue, and limb muscles, attached to adjacent cartilaginous skeletons or fibrous fascia, showed a pronounced expression of TGase C at 5–6, 6–7, and 7–8 weeks after fertilization, respectively. The most intense activity of TGase C was observed in some cardiac myoblasts infiltrating into endocardial mesenchyme at 6–7 weeks after fertilization. Although weak staining was detected until 14 weeks after fertilization, the level of TGase C expression in all muscles was significantly decreased after 6–7 weeks, with the exception that the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels and gastrointestinal tract showed diffusely intense staining of TGase C between 5 and 12 weeks after fertilization. Western blotting analysis of the cellular extracts of pooled samples showed a single strong band at 80 kD at 6 weeks after fertilization. This band became weaker after 8–10 weeks of prenatal development. These findings of transient expression of TGase C, which coincides with the development of myoblast anchoring and differentiation, suggest that TGase C plays a role in myoblast attachment to the extracellular laminae during the early embryonal period.
Prognostic Value of Health Status in Patients With Heart Failure After Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background—Disease-specific health status instruments such as the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) can quantify symptoms, functional limitations, and quality of life in patients with heart failure. Understanding the relationship between KCCQ scores and prognosis may assist clinicians in both interpreting KCCQ scores and stratifying risk in patients. Methods and Results—We examined the prognostic value of the KCCQ in a prospective, international cohort of 1516 patients with heart failure after a recent acute myocardial infarction. We focused on the relationship between the KCCQ overall score (KCCQ-os), measured at the first outpatient visit (4 weeks after enrollment), and subsequent 1-year cardiovascular mortality or hospitalization (n=258, 20.3%). KCCQ-os was strongly associated with subsequent cardiovascular events in that those with a score ≥75 had an 84% 1-year event-free survival compared with 59% for those with a score <25 (P<0.001). After demographic and other clinical characteristics were controlled for in multivariable models, KCCQ-os remained strongly associated with outcome (hazard ratio, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.24 to 3.27 for KCCQ-os <25; P<0.001). Conclusions—In outpatients with heart failure complicating an acute myocardial infarction, KCCQ-os is strongly associated with subsequent 1-year cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization. Use of the KCCQ in outpatient clinical practice can both quantify patients' health status and provide insight into their prognosis. (Circulation. 2004;110:546-551.)
Regulatory networks for the control of body iron homeostasis and their dysregulation in HFE mediated hemochromatosis

Although the recent identification of several genes has extended our knowledge on the maintenance of body iron homeostasis, their tissue specific expression patterns and the underlying regulatory networks are poorly understood. We studied C57black/Sv129 mice and HFE knockout (HFE −/−) variants thereof as a model for hemochromatosis, and investigated the expression of iron metabolism genes in the duodenum, liver, and kidney as a function of dietary iron challenge. In HFE +/+ mice dietary iron supplementation increased hepatic expression of hepcidin which was paralleled by decreased iron regulatory protein (IRP) activity, and reduced expression of divalent metal transporter‐1 (DMT‐1) and duodenal cytochrome b (Dcytb) in the enterocyte. In HFE −/− mice hepcidin formation was diminished upon iron challenge which was associated with decreased hepatic transferrin receptor (TfR)‐2 levels. Accordingly, HFE −/− mice presented with high duodenal Dcytb and DMT‐1 levels, and increased IRP and TfR expression, suggesting iron deficiency in the enterocyte and increased iron absorption. In parallel, HFE −/− resulted in reduced renal expression of Dcytb and DMT‐1. Our data suggest that the feed back regulation of duodenal iron absorption by hepcidin is impaired in HFE −/− mice, a model for genetic hemochromatosis. This change may be linked to inappropriate iron sensing by the liver based on decreased TfR‐2 expression, resulting in reduced circulating hepcidin levels and an inappropriate up‐regulation of Dcytb and DMT‐1 driven iron absorption. In addition, iron excretion/reabsorption by the kidneys may be altered, which may aggravate progressive iron overload. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transition Follow-up System Development for Youth with Disabilities: Stakeholders’ Perspectives

In this study I examined in depth the perspectives of stakeholders in Manitoba on the development and implementation of a transition follow-up system (TFS) for youth with disabilities. I conducted focus groups and individual interviews with a total of 76 stakeholders and obtained qualitative data. The stakeholders who participated in this study included youth with disabilities, parents of youth with disabilities, high school special education/resource teachers, student services administrators, principals, adult service providers, government representatives, university faculty members, and advocates. The key themes identified are: purpose of TFS, ensuring accurate and reliable data, utilizing existing data-collection practices, government vs. non-government as administrator, multiple data collection, target population of a TFS, ensuring confidentiality and privacy, analyzing individual and program specific information, and information of interest. ISSN 1918-5227 Pages 3146 Follow this and additional works at: http://ir.lib. uwo.ca/eei This Article (Subscription-only) is brought to you by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Exceptionality Education International by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact jspecht@uwo.ca. Recommended Citation Park, Y. (2014) Transition Follow-up System Development for Youth with Disabilities: Stakeholders’ Perspectives. Exceptionality Education International, 24, 31-46. Retrieved from http://ir.lib. uwo.ca/eei/vol24/iss2/3 Exceptionality Education International 2014, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 31–46 ! ISSN 1918-5227 31! Transition Follow-up System Development for Youth with Disabilities: Stakeholders’ Perspectives Youn-Young Park Canadian Centre on Disability Studies
Discourse over a contested technology on Twitter: A case study of hydraulic fracturing

High-volume hydraulic fracturing, a drilling simulation technique commonly referred to as “fracking,” is a contested technology. In this article, we explore discourse over hydraulic fracturing and the shale industry on the social media platform Twitter during a period of heightened public contention regarding the application of the technology. We study the relative prominence of negative messaging about shale development in relation to pro-shale messaging on Twitter across five hashtags (#fracking, #globalfrackdown, #natgas, #shale, and #shalegas). We analyze the top actors tweeting using the #fracking hashtag and receiving @mentions with the hashtag. Results show statistically significant differences in the sentiment about hydraulic fracturing and shale development across the five hashtags. In addition, results show that the discourse on the main contested hashtag #fracking is dominated by activists, both individual activists and organizations. The highest proportion of tweeters, those posting messages using the hashtag #fracking, were individual activists, while the highest proportion of @mention references went to activist organizations.
Helicobacter Pylori Associated Chronic Gastritis and Application of Visual Analogue Scale for the Grading of the Histological Parameters in Nepal

A working party presented the Sydney System: A New Classification of Gastritis in Sydney at the World Congress of Gastroenterology in 1990 [1-6]. The discovery of Helicobater pylori by Robin Warren and Barry Marshall (1982) was the revolution in understanding of gastritis and upper gastrointestinal disease [7]. H. pylori infection became evident as the key factor and initiator of the majority of the pathology related to gastritis and its sequelae. Since then interest in gastritis and the morphological appearances of endoscopic biopsies increased. However, H. pylori may not be the sole etiological agent in some cases where H. pylori are detected in biopsies [8,9]. Sydney System Working Party was designed to provide simple practical guidelines for the documentation of histological features of gastritis and also to provide guidelines for the reporting and classification of the endoscopic appearances of the gastric mucosa [3]. The core of the classification was the topography of the gastritis which was restricted to the antrum, the corpus, or a pangastritis. A prefix was to be added if the etiology of gastritis was known (e.g. H. pylori antral gastritis; autoimmune corpus gastritis etc). Later on Dixon et al. published the “Up-Dated Sydney System” (1997) [10].
Developmental Changes in Effective Connectivity in the Emerging Core Face Network

Little is currently known about the postnatal emergence of functional cortical networks supporting complex perceptual and cognitive skills, such as face processing. The present study examined the emergence of the core cortical network underlying face processing in younger and older school-age children as well as young adults. Participants performed 3 functional magnetic resonance imaging target detection tasks where they either had to detect a specific facial identity, expression, or direction of eye gaze in a stream of consecutively presented faces. We compared the connectivity of the face network using dynamic causal modelling and observed that it emerges gradually during childhood. Further, we found that while the relative strength of functional network connections were differentially modulated by task demands in adults, there was no such modulation of this network in either older or younger children. These results were independent of the behavioral performance in the 3 age groups. We suggest that the emergence of the face network is due to continuous specialization and fine-tuning within the regions of this network. The current results have important implications for future studies investigating trajectories of brain development and cortical specialization both in typically and atypically developing populations.
Postmodern interrogation of children's literature and possibilities in literacy education by means of postmodern picture books

The growing advent and presence of unconventional, postmodern picture books over the past two decades mirror the cultural and social changes effected by postmodern conditions. The process of reading and dialoguing with postmodern texts and narratives certainly situates readers in roles different from the ones we have been used to. Drawing upon the interconnected relations among children’s literature, social reality, and child readers, and by examining preservice teachers’ reading, understanding, and assumptions about postmodern picture books, this study seeks to interrogate children’s literature through challenging the general assumptions about it. An expanded definition of children’s literature poses it not merely as a genre of literature but more as a space for connection, tolerance, compassion, and possibilities through releasing the reader’s imagination, a notion supported by data from preservice teachers and child readers. The modes and resources of texts have become multimodal, particularly more visual-oriented cross-media hybrids than ever before. This phenomenon makes new and different demands on the reader, and thus the meaning of being literate also changes. Data from students in two summer camps indicate that children are able readers as well as active in the roles of coauthor and critic by making meanings, weaving stories, and bringing new and different perspectives into stories. The primary finding of this research is that postmodern picture books have the potential to help children develop a new and different literacy through their situating children in active roles with authority and agency as meaningmakers and designers. Play in these roles is crucial in forming multiliteracies. In