Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Virtual Communities of Consumption: Networks of Consumer Knowledge and Companionship

textabstractMarketeers hebben steeds vaker te maken met consumenten die contact leggen met elkaar via het Internet. Elektronische discussieforums, mededelingenborden, nieuwsgroepen, emaillijsten, en chat rooms bieden consumenten, waar dan ook ter wereld, de mogelijkheid om hun kennis, ervaringen en meningen te delen. De populariteit van deze elektronische contacten tussen consumenten blijkt uit de grote hoeveelheid virtuele communities die georganiseerd zijn rondom consumptiegerelateerde interesses. Dit soort communities vertegenwoordigen uitgebreide netwerken van consumptiekennis en kameraadschaap die invloed hebben op consumentengedrag. Deze dissertatie omvat drie empirische studies die tezamen systematisch inzicht geven in verschillende aspecten van community deelname en invloed. We vinden dat community invloed op het beslissingsproces van consumenten aanzienlijk is, vooral in de fases van het zoeken naar informatie en het afwegen van alternatieven. Community invloed neemt af naarmate de complexiteit van het beslissingsproces toeneemt. Echter, voor eenvoudige beslissingsprocessen wordt er meer waarde toegekend aan de community als informatiebron dan aan andere informatiebronnen, waaronder de traditionele media. Een analyse van de manier waarop consumenten deelnemen in de community heeft een classificatie van zes typen community leden opgeleverd. Dit stelt marketeers in staat interessante doelgroepen te lokaliseren en het biedt hen inzichten in hoe deze doelgroepen aangesproken kunnen worden. Tenslotte illustreert de dissertatie het informatie-uitwisselingsproces tussen consumenten in online discussieforums. Het belicht niet alleen hoe consumenten met elkaar communiceren, en waarover, maar ook hoe zij elkaar actief proberen te beinvloeden. Het laat zien dat community leden een interesse delen in het centrale thema, maar dat hun meningen en consumptiegedrag uiteenlopen. Zowel academici als marketeers kunnen profiteren van de inzichten die deze dissertatie heeft opgeleverd in het functioneren van virtuele communities als platvorm voor interpersoonlijke beinvloeding tussen consumenten.
Declarative knowledge in sport: a by-product of experience or a characteristic of expertise?

This research examined whether skilled sports performers’ enhanced declarative knowledge base is a by-product of experience or a characteristic of expertise. Experienced high-skill (n = 12) and low-skill (n = 12) soccer players and physically disabled spectators (n = 12) were tested on soccer recall, recognition, and anticipation ability. MANCOVA showed that high-skill players demonstrated superior anticipatory performance compared with low-skill players, who in turn were better than physically disabled spectators. ANOVA showed that high-skill players demonstrated superior recall performance on structured trials only. Also, low-skill players were significantly better than physically disabled spectators on the structured trials. MANCOVA showed that high-skill players were better at recognizing structured and unstructured trials. No differences were found between low-skill players and physically disabled spectators. It appears that high-skill players possess a larger and more elaborate declarative knowledge.
Utilizing Context in Generative Bayesian Models for Linked Corpus

In an interlinked corpus of documents, the context in which a citation appears provides extra information about the cited document. However, associating terms in the context to the cited document remains an open problem. We propose a novel document generation approach that statistically incorporates the context in which a document links to another document. We quantitatively show that the proposed generation scheme explains the linking phenomenon better than previous approaches. The context information along with the actual content of the document provides signiﬁcant improvements over the previous approaches for various real world evaluation tasks such as link prediction and log-likelihood estimation on unseen content. The proposed method is more scalable to large collection of documents compared to the previous approaches.
Greater Incidence of Both Fatal and Nonfatal Strokes in Disadvantaged Areas: The Northeast Melbourne Stroke Incidence Study

Background and Purpose— Greater stroke mortality has been reported among lower socioeconomic groups. We aimed to determine whether fatal, nonfatal, and overall stroke incidence varied by socioeconomic status. Methods— All suspected strokes occurring in 22 postcodes (population of 306 631) of Melbourne, Australia, during a 24-month period between 1997 and 1999 were found and assessed. Multiple overlapping sources were used to ascertain cases with standard clinical definitions for stroke. Socioeconomic disadvantage was assigned in 4 bands from least to greatest using an area-based measure developed by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Results— Overall stroke incidence (number per 100 000 population per year), adjusted to the European population 45 to 84 years of age, increased with increasing socioeconomic disadvantage: 200 (95% CI, 173 to 228); 251 (95% CI, 220 to 282); 309 (95% CI, 274 to 343); and 366 (95% CI, 329 to 403; &khgr;2 for ranks; P<0.0001). Similar incidence patterns were observed for both fatal and nonfatal stroke. Nonfatal stroke contributed most to this incidence pattern: 146 (95% CI, 122 to 169); 181 (95% CI, 155 to 207); 223 (95% CI, 194 to 252); and 280 (95% CI, 247 to 313; &khgr;2 for ranks; P<0.0001). Conclusions— In this population-based study, both fatal and nonfatal stroke incidence increased with increasing socioeconomic disadvantage. The greater contributor to this incidence pattern was nonfatal stroke incidence. This may have implications for service provision to those least able to afford it. Area-based identification of those most disadvantaged may provide a simple and effective way of targeting regions for stroke prevention strategies.
“Telling my husband I have HIV is too heavy to come out of my mouth”: pregnant women's disclosure experiences and support needs following antenatal HIV testing in eastern Uganda

Disclosure of HIV serostatus by women to their sexual partners is critical for the success of the prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programme as an integrated service in antenatal care. We explored pregnant HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative women's partner disclosure experiences and support needs in eastern Uganda.
Health performance and emotional intelligence : an exploratory study of retail managers

Contemporary theories place emotions and self-regulation at the centre of a dynamic process of stress. Emotional Intelligence (EQ) is the ability to perceive, understand and reflectively manage one's own emotions and those of others. This study, which was situated within the management population (n = 224) of a large retail organization, investigates the relationship between a measure of EQ, subjective stress, distress, general health, morale, quality of working life and management performance. Significant correlations in the expected direction were found, indicating that managers who scored higher in EQ suffered less subjective stress, experienced better health and well-being, and demonstrated better management performance. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression-Based Genome-Wide Association Study Links Vitamin D–Binding Protein With Autoantigenicity in Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by autoreactive T cells that recognize pancreatic islet antigens and destroy insulin-producing β-cells. This attack results from a breakdown in tolerance for self-antigens, which is controlled by ectopic antigen expression in the thymus and pancreatic lymph nodes (PLNs). The autoantigens known to be involved include a set of islet proteins, such as insulin, GAD65, IA-2, and ZnT8. In an attempt to identify additional antigenic proteins, we performed an expression-based genome-wide association study using microarray data from 118 arrays of the thymus and PLNs of T1D mice. We ranked all 16,089 protein-coding genes by the likelihood of finding repeated differential expression and the degree of tissue specificity for pancreatic islets. The top autoantigen candidate was vitamin D–binding protein (VDBP). T-cell proliferation assays showed stronger T-cell reactivity to VDBP compared with control stimulations. Higher levels and frequencies of serum anti-VDBP autoantibodies (VDBP-Abs) were identified in patients with T1D (n = 331) than in healthy control subjects (n = 77). Serum vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with VDBP-Ab levels in patients in whom T1D developed during the winter. Immunohistochemical localization revealed that VDBP was specifically expressed in α-cells of pancreatic islets. We propose that VDBP could be an autoantigen in T1D.
Impaired encoding of abstract letter order: Severe alexia in a mildly aphasic patient

We describe the single word reading impairment of a patient with severe acquired alexia in the context of largely spared auditory-verbal language. DES shows strong effects of lexical variables when reading words; she is completely unable to read nonwords. Her “visual” reading errors (orthographically related word substitutions) reflect a strong positional bias to differ from targets toward their right sides; this positional bias was evident across several different topographic transformations of the stimuli and was present in her spelling errors. Such a pattern of positional letter retention is commonly associated with right “neglect dyslexia” and has been interpreted as indicating damage to a spatially encoded word representation. However, DES shows no sign of spatial impairment in nonlanguage tasks, fails to demonstrate several of the characteristics thought to be diagnostic of “neglect dyslexia,” and shows no evidence of neglect in sentence reading. In contrast to the spatial account, we interpret DES'.
Chinese Text Spacing on Mobile Phones for Senior Citizens

In recent years, more and more elderly citizens have begun using mobile phones. However, most text presentations on mobile phones are not suitable for those whose vision has declined with age. The objective of this study was to discover how different Chinese text spacing would affect older adults' reading performance (time and error), text readability, visual fatigue, and preferences. The experimental results show that when the font size is 15 × 15 pixels (8 points), the recommended inter-line spacing is 6–8 pixels and the inter-character spacing is 2–4 pixels for higher text readability, lower visual fatigue, and higher user preference.
A Different Kind of Outing: Training Counsellors to Work with Sexual Minority Clients

Past research indicates sexual minority training provided to graduate students of counselling psychology is minimal and inadequate (Bahr, Brish, & Croteau, 2000; Morrison & L’Heureux, 2001; Murphy, 1991). Graduates feel unprepared to work competently with sexual-minority individuals, yet Canadian and American Associations require their members to be knowledgeable about sexual orientation and to be competent in providing counselling services to diverse clientele. Results from a four-item questionnaire e-mailed to 14 Canadian universities suggested minimal training is offered to counselling graduate students concerning gay and lesbian psychology and counselling. Following a literature review, a flexible curriculum is suggested for counselling psychology graduate programs that conforms to theorized requirements for both multicultural competency and for effective lesbian, gay, and bisexual affirmative counselling practice.
A refutation of Karasek's demand – discretion model of occupational stress with a range of dependent measures.

Summary Karasek's (1979) demand-discretion model of occupational stress has been highly influential but has been criticized as confounding social class variables (Payne and Fletcher, 1983), ignoring the curvilinearity of relationships (Warr, 1991), and because it has inconsistently predicted heart disease (Ganster and Fusilier, 1989). The present study examines the ability of the model to predict raised blood pressure (a risk factor in the development of CHD), anxiety, depression, job and life satisfaction, in a large heterogeneous sample of over 3000 people. It examines the predictability of the model for men and women, taking occupational classification (manual and non-manual workers) into account, to allow some control over social class confounding. It also examines nonlinear relationships in the data. The study showed that demands and discretion do separately predict psychological strain, job and life satisfaction, though they account for a very small percentage of the variance. There was no evidence of interactive effects which are central to the model. Where the model was able to predict blood pressure, relationships were consistently in the opposite direction to that hypothesized. There was also little evidence of curvilinear relationships. Interpersonal support was found to add significantly to the predictability of the dependent variables. The findings cast doubt on Karasek's model and suggest that emphasis should be shifted to those models which are more encompassing of support factors.
ADAM22, A Kv1 Channel-Interacting Protein, Recruits Membrane-Associated Guanylate Kinases to Juxtaparanodes of Myelinated Axons

Clustered Kv1 K+ channels regulate neuronal excitability at juxtaparanodes of myelinated axons, axon initial segments, and cerebellar basket cell terminals (BCTs). These channels are part of a larger protein complex that includes cell adhesion molecules and scaffolding proteins. To identify proteins that regulate assembly, clustering, and/or maintenance of axonal Kv1 channel protein complexes, we immunoprecipitated Kv1.2 α subunits, and then used mass spectrometry to identify interacting proteins. We found that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 22 (ADAM22) is a component of the Kv1 channel complex and that ADAM22 coimmunoprecipitates Kv1.2 and the membrane-associated guanylate kinases (MAGUKs) PSD-93 and PSD-95. When coexpressed with MAGUKs in heterologous cells, ADAM22 and Kv1 channels are recruited into membrane surface clusters. However, coexpression of Kv1.2 with ADAM22 and MAGUKs does not alter channel properties. Among all the known Kv1 channel-interacting proteins, only ADAM22 is found at every site where Kv1 channels are clustered. Analysis of Caspr-null mice showed that, like other previously described juxtaparanodal proteins, disruption of the paranodal junction resulted in redistribution of ADAM22 into paranodal zones. Analysis of Caspr2-, PSD-93-, PSD-95-, and double PSD-93/PSD-95-null mice showed ADAM22 clustering at BCTs requires PSD-95, but ADAM22 clustering at juxtaparanodes requires neither PSD-93 nor PSD-95. In direct contrast, analysis of ADAM22-null mice demonstrated juxtaparanodal clustering of PSD-93 and PSD-95 requires ADAM22, whereas Kv1.2 and Caspr2 clustering is normal in ADAM22-null mice. Thus, ADAM22 is an axonal component of the Kv1 K+ channel complex that recruits MAGUKs to juxtaparanodes.
Age differences in corneal hydration control.

Dynamic changes in corneal thickness were measured in eight young and eight older normal subjects (mean ages 24.4 +/- 4.3 years and 71.9 +/- 7.3 years, respectively) to provide data for quantitative assessment of corneal hydration control and thereby provide information for studying age differences in this important aspect of corneal function. For each subject, pachometry data were obtained by (A) monitoring corneal recovery following hypoxic stress, and by either (B1) measuring recovery after sleep or (B2) by measuring corneal thickness in the late afternoon. The combined data from A and B1 or A and B2 were analyzed through an exponential model to provide information on the: (1) percent recovery per hour (PRPH) following induced corneal hydration; (2) open-eye steady-state (OESS) corneal thickness; (3) residual corneal swelling just before the hypoxic stress test; (4) amount of corneal edema induced by hypoxic stress; and (5) time to reach 95% recovery back to the OESS thickness level (T95%). The results show that between the two age groups, there are substantial differences in some characteristics of corneal hydration while other aspects are similar. For example, the mean PRPH values (58.9 +/- 7.8% and 34.2 +/- 6.4%/hr) were significantly higher in the younger subjects (P = 0.0002) and the mean time for 95% recovery to OESS thickness (207 +/- 42 min and 452 +/- 117 min) was significantly lower in the younger vs. the older group (P = 0.0002). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Learning to Hallucinate Face Images via Component Generation and Enhancement

We propose a two-stage method for face hallucination. First, we generate facial components of the input image using CNNs. These components represent the basic facial structures. Second, we synthesize fine-grained facial structures from high resolution training images. The details of these structures are transferred into facial components for enhancement. Therefore, we generate facial components to approximate ground truth global appearance in the first stage and enhance them through recovering details in the second stage. The experiments demonstrate that our method performs favorably against state-of-the-art methods.
The inhibition of unwanted actions

Inhibitory control is one of many high-level cognitive processes that fall under the rubric of “executive” or “cognitive” control. Successfully withholding an over-learned, prepotent, or planned motor response is a critical demonstration of inhibitory control. Here, we briefly review key studies of inhibitory control with a special emphasis on cognitive neuroscience studies. We aim to provide some insights into the potential neural mechanisms that may underlie our ability to inhibit unwanted action. Leveraged with these findings, we argue that inhibitory control, like voluntary control more generally, is best modeled as the process by which we select the best response among the competing responses, including not responding at all. One implication of this model is that no single area of the brain is specialized for inhibiting all unwanted actions.
Sense and Sensibility: Cohabitation in ‘Cohabitation Land’

In many European countries, cohabitation has become a prevailing practice. Norway is one of the countries leading this trend; cohabitation before marriage is the norm and a majority of couples become parents before they (eventually) marry. This article explores the meaning of cohabitation for Norwegian couples today through a qualitative analysis of interviews with 17 urban, heterosexual couples. As the trend towards increased cohabitation has emerged so strongly in Norway, such analysis may provide important insights into the possible implications of more widespread cohabitation in Europe. Why is cohabitation so attractive to young Norwegians today? Why do most couples postpone marriage until after they have children? The main finding is that cohabitation in this context is understood as acting according to important norms about intimate relationships. Cohabitation is a way of dealing with the complexity of attitudes towards love and relationships in late modernity. The option of living together outside marriage makes it possible for couples to be sensible (not committing themselves ‘too much’) as well as living together when they want to develop a relationship and are ‘in love’.
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Sperm-Oocyte Interactions Opinions Relative to in Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

One of the biggest prerequisites for pregnancy is the fertilization step, where a human haploid spermatozoon interacts and penetrates one haploid oocyte in order to produce the diploid zygote. Although fertilization is defined by the presence of two pronuclei and the extraction of the second polar body the process itself requires preparation of both gametes for fertilization to take place at a specific time. These preparations include a number of consecutive biochemical and molecular events with the help of specific molecules and with the consequential interaction between the two gametes. These events take place at three different levels and in a precise order, where the moving spermatozoon penetrates (a) the outer vestments of the oocyte, known as the cumulus cell layer; (b) the zona pellucida (ZP); where exocytosis of the acrosome contents take place and (c) direct interaction of the spermatozoon with the plasma membrane of the oocyte, which involves a firm adhesion of the head of the spermatozoon with the oocyte plasma membrane that culminates with the fusion of both sperm and oocyte membranes (Part I). After the above interactions, a cascade of molecular signal transductions is initiated which results in oocyte activation. Soon after the entry of the first spermatozoon into the oocyte and oocyte activation, the oocyte’s coat (the ZP) and the oocyte’s plasma membrane seem to change quickly in order to initiate a fast block to a second spermatozoon (Part II). Sometimes, two spermatozoa fuse with one oocyte, an incidence of 1%–2%, resulting in polyploid fetuses that account for up to 10%–20% of spontaneously aborted human conceptuses. The present review aims to focus on the first part of the human sperm and oocyte interactions, emphasizing the latest molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling this process.
Identifying Barriers to the Systematic Literature Review Process

Conducting a systematic literature review (SLR) is difficult and time-consuming for an experienced researcher, and even more so for a novice graduate student. With a better understanding of the most common difficulties in the SLR process, mentors will be better prepared to guide novices through the process. This understanding will help researchers have more realistic expectations of the SLR process and will help mentors guide novices through its planning, execution, and documentation phases. Consequently, the objectives of this work are to identify the most difficult and time-consuming phases of the SLR process. Using data from two sources - 52 responses to an online survey sent to all authors of SLRs published in software engineering venues and qualitative experience reports from 8 PhD students who conducted SLRs as part of a course - we identified specific difficulties related to each phase of the SLR process. Our findings highlight the importance of planning, teamwork, and mentoring by an experienced researcher throughout the process. The paper also identifies implications for the teaching of the SLR process.
Moral education trends over 40 years: A content analysis of the Journal of Moral Education (1971–2011)

In 2011 the Journal of Moral Education (JME) celebrated its 40th anniversary of publication. It seemed appropriate to examine and reflect on the JME’s achievements by reviewing its evolution and contribution to the emerging field of moral education and development. Moral education trends, as reflected in the 945 articles published in JME from 1971 to 2011, were investigated by content analysis. The research objectives were: to discover the trends in moral education as represented by published articles and special issues (by analysis of disciplinary approaches, key topics, research methodologies and age-related educational levels) and to examine the international and gender-related development of the journal and the influence of its contributors (by analysis of first authors and editorial board members). The findings identify important concerns, key research topics and neglected areas in moral education and development. Analysis offers an insight into the contribution of JME as the main international interdisciplinary journal in this field, to the history of moral education, to theory and practice and in the changing socio-cultural contexts of the past 40 years. Discussion of the findings is offered, limitations are acknowledged and implications for future directions for the journal considered.