Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intranasal immunization of mice with herpes simplex virus type 2 recombinant gD2: the effect of adjuvants on mucosal and serum antibody responses

Mucosal immunization offers the potential for inducing IgA antibody responses in the vagina, the site of infection for many viruses, including herpes simplex type 2 (HSV‐2). To investigate this possibility, mice were immunized intranasally with 10 μg glycoprotein D2 (gD2) from HSV combined with a series of adjuvants of proven efficacy; the oil in water emulsion MF59, poly(d,l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) microparticles (PLG) (encapsulated or co‐administered), immune‐stimulating complexes (iscoms) (incorporated or co‐administered with iscomatrix) and the genetically detoxified enterotoxin from Escherichia coli, LT‐K63. Encapsulation of gD2 into PLG microparticles, incorporation of gD2 into iscoms and co‐administration of gD2 with LT‐K63 induced mucosal IgA antibody responses (nasal wash, saliva and vaginal wash) which were greater than those induced by intramuscular administration of gD2 with MF59. Intranasal immunization with these formulations also induced substantial levels of serum IgG and neutralizing antibodies. These studies demonstrated that intranasal immunization with potent adjuvants is an effective means to induce mucosal antibody responses, even in the lower genital tract.
OF CONSENSUS-BASED SEDIMENT EFFECT CONCENTRATIONS FOR POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS

O N A L D , * ~LISAM. DIPINTO,$JAY G. INGERSOLL,\~EDWARD FIELD,^ CHRISTOPHER R. LONG. # and RICHARDC. S W A R T Z ~ ~ on ofc;rd~~,i~n, tMacDonald Environmental Sciences Ltd. 2376 Yellow Point Road. Nanaimo. British Columbia V9X IW5. Canada ~ o l 5:? 67-2i~ $oRCA Damage Assessment Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1305 East-West Highway. Room 10218. ness and htlln,,. Silver Svrine. Marvland 20910-3281. USA ~ . << ,,,,/,,. Y. Ac,! ,,,, . , , hazardous Materials Response and Assessment Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 7600 Sand Point Way NE. Seattle, Washington 981 15. USA . @I JJColumbia Environmental Research Center. U.S. Geological Survey. 4200 New Haven Road. Columbia. Missouri 65201 ,coastal Monitoring and Biocffecls Assessment Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 7600 Sand Point Way NE. , h. Seattle. Washington DC 981 15. USA ttP.0. Box 397. Placida, Florida 339464397, USA a
Head-to-tail interactions of the coiled-coil domains regulate ClpB activity and cooperation with Hsp70 in protein disaggregation

The hexameric AAA+ chaperone ClpB reactivates aggregated proteins in cooperation with the Hsp70 system. Essential for disaggregation, the ClpB middle domain (MD) is a coiled-coil propeller that binds Hsp70. Although the ClpB subunit structure is known, positioning of the MD in the hexamer and its mechanism of action are unclear. We obtained electron microscopy (EM) structures of the BAP variant of ClpB that binds the protease ClpP, clearly revealing MD density on the surface of the ClpB ring. Mutant analysis and asymmetric reconstructions show that MDs adopt diverse positions in a single ClpB hexamer. Adjacent, horizontally oriented MDs form head-to-tail contacts and repress ClpB activity by preventing Hsp70 interaction. Tilting of the MD breaks this contact, allowing Hsp70 binding, and releasing the contact in adjacent subunits. Our data suggest a wavelike activation of ClpB subunits around the ring. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.02481. 001
Serum and peritoneal inflammatory mediators in children with suspected acute appendicitis.

HYPOTHESIS Inflammatory markers differ between subjects with appendicitis and controls. Markers of inflammation differ in serum compared with intraperitoneal fluid. Among subjects with appendicitis, inflammatory markers differ between subjects with and without perforation. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Hospitalized care. PATIENTS Twenty-four children who underwent an appendectomy. Group A (n = 19) consisted of patients with appendicitis and group N (n = 5) of patients with normal appendixes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum and peritoneal levels of interleukin (IL)8, IL-10, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interferon gamma soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Age, sex, complete blood count, C-reactive protein level, and serum cytokines did not significantly differ by group. Peritoneal concentrations of interleukin-8 (mean +/- SD, 1416.8 +/- 1436 pg/mL vs 48 +/- 74.4 pg/mL, P = .001), IL-10 (mean +/- SD, 3085 +/- 5893 pg/mL vs 84 +/- 46 pg/mL, P = .02), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (mean +/- SD, 1784 +/- 1225.1 ng/mL vs 435 +/- 563 ng/mL, P = .03), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (mean +/- SD, 8939.2 +/- 7312.2 ng/mL vs 602.1 +/- 345.6 ng/mL, P<.001) were significantly different in group A compared with group N. When compared by perforation (n = 8 with perforation vs n = 11 without perforation), peritoneal granulocyte colony-stimulating factor levels were elevated in subjects with perforation (mean +/- SD, 4.3 +/- 14.4 pg/mL vs 62.7 +/- 79.2 pg/mL, P = .02). Although serum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 was not different between groups N and A, it was significantly different between group N and patients with a perforated appendicitis (mean +/- SD, 205.9 +/- 43.8 ng/mL vs 3068.9 +/- 5122.4 ng/mL, P = .04). CONCLUSION Presently, it is not practical to differentiate appendicitis in a pediatric population from other causes of abdominal pain based on the detection of systemic inflammatory response markers.
A Review of Direct Observation Research within the past Decade in the Field of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

This study reviewed prominent journals within the field of emotional and behavioral disorders to identify direct observation approaches, reported reliability tatistics, and key features of direct observation. Selected journals were systematically reviewed for the past 10 years identifying and quantifying specific direct observation systems and approaches. Suggestions for the field of special education are listed based off identified trends that existed within the past decade of literature. Implications and recommendations for research and practice are described.
Analysis of Single-Trap-Induced Random Telegraph Noise on Asymmetric High-k Spacer FinFET

In this paper, we analyze the effects of single-chargetrapinduced random telegraphic noise (RTN) on asymmetricdual high-K spacer based FinFET (ADS-FinFET). The effectsof RTN reduces in proposed device because asymmetric high-K spacer reduces the electric field effect at source and formation of the barrier between source to gate/drain. The spacer width optimization will provide maximum possible performance and tolerant towards RTN at 12 nm high-K spacer width. Reduced equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) also help to reduce RTN effect whereas, RTN impact increases with device scaling.
Engineering antigens for in situ erythrocyte binding induces T-cell deletion

Antigens derived from apoptotic cell debris can drive clonal T-cell deletion or anergy, and antigens chemically coupled ex vivo to apoptotic cell surfaces have been shown correspondingly to induce tolerance on infusion. Reasoning that a large number of erythrocytes become apoptotic (eryptotic) and are cleared each day, we engineered two different antigen constructs to target the antigen to erythrocyte cell surfaces after i.v. injection, one using a conjugate with an erythrocyte-binding peptide and another using a fusion with an antibody fragment, both targeting the erythrocyte-specific cell surface marker glycophorin A. Here, we show that erythrocyte-binding antigen is collected much more efficiently than free antigen by splenic and hepatic immune cell populations and hepatocytes, and that it induces antigen-specific deletional responses in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. We further validated T-cell deletion driven by erythrocyte-binding antigens using a transgenic islet β cell-reactive CD4+ T-cell adoptive transfer model of autoimmune type 1 diabetes: Treatment with the peptide antigen fused to an erythrocyte-binding antibody fragment completely prevented diabetes onset induced by the activated, autoreactive CD4+ T cells. Thus, we report a translatable modular biomolecular approach with which to engineer antigens for targeted binding to erythrocyte cell surfaces to induce antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell deletion toward exogenous antigens and autoantigens.
Measuring and Predicting Search Engine Users’ Satisfaction

Search satisfaction is defined as the fulfillment of a user’s information need. Characterizing and predicting the satisfaction of search engine users is vital for improving ranking models, increasing user retention rates, and growing market share. This article provides an overview of the research areas related to user satisfaction. First, we show that whenever users choose to defect from one search engine to another they do so mostly due to dissatisfaction with the search results. We also describe several search engine switching prediction methods, which could help search engines retain more users. Second, we discuss research on the difference between good and bad abandonment, which shows that in approximately 30% of all abandoned searches the users are in fact satisfied with the results. Third, we catalog techniques to determine queries and groups of queries that are underperforming in terms of user satisfaction. This can help improve search engines by developing specialized rankers for these query patterns. Fourth, we detail how task difficulty affects user behavior and how task difficulty can be predicted. Fifth, we characterize satisfaction and we compare major satisfaction prediction algorithms.
New developments for a no-pump-out high-performance thermal grease

The industry trend toward reduced feature size and faster operating speed has generated demand for higher powered devices. The increased power and reduced overall area creates higher thermal loads for the package. This has led to the need for new thermal materials with high thermal conductivity. High-performance thermal interface greases, gels, and adhesives significantly improve the transmission of the heat generated by the high power densities out of the system. Thermal greases generally have higher thermal conductivity than gels or adhesives with similar fillers. Unfortunately, greases typically pump out and separate during use. Additionally, some applications that require higher thermal conductivity materials cannot go through a cure profile normally used for non-grease thermal interface materials (TIMs). Use of integrated heat spreaders avoids some of the processing restrictions placed on board-level thermal solutions, but many applications -- particularly in mobile electronics -- have little space or have significant weight constraints that interfere with the use of a built-in heat spreader. A new 4 W/mK silicone thermal grease with dramatic property improvements has been developed with significant resistance to in-package bleed-out or pump-out, eliminating the reliability problem most commonly encountered with traditional thermal greases.
Antecedent Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: What Is Protecting Whom?

Multiple studies have shown that antecedent diseases are less prevalent in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients than the general age-matched population, which suggests possible neuroprotection. Antecedent disease could be protective against ALS or, conversely, the asymptomatic early physiological underpinnings of ALS could be protective against other antecedent disease. Elucidating the impact of antecedent disease on ALS is critical for assessing diagnostic risk factors, prognostic outcomes, and intervention timing. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between antecedent conditions and ALS onset age and disease duration (i.e. survival). Medical history surveys for 1439 Emory ALS Clinic patients (Atlanta, GA, USA) were assessed for antecedent hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, asthma, arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), thyroid, kidney, liver, and other non-ALS neurological diseases. The ALS onset age and disease duration are compared between the antecedent and non-antecedent populations using chi square, Kaplan–Meier, and ordinal logistic regression. When controlled for confounders, antecedent hypertension (high blood pressure), hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol), arthritis, COPD, thyroid disease, and non-ALS neurological disease are found to be statistically associated with a delayed ALS onset age, whereas antecedent obesity [body mass index (BMI) > 30] was correlated to earlier ALS onset age. With the potential exceptions of liver disease and diabetes (the latter without other common comorbid conditions), antecedent disease is associated with overall shorter ALS disease duration. The unique potential relationship between antecedent liver disease and longer ALS disease duration warrants further investigation, especially given liver disease was found to be a factor of 4–7 times less prevalent in ALS. Notably, most conditions associated with delayed ALS onset are also associated with shorter disease duration. Pathological homeostatic instability exacerbated by hypervigilant regulation (over-zealous homeostatic regulation due to too high regulatory feedback gains) is a viable hypothesis for explaining the early-life protection against antecedent disease and the overall lower antecedent disease prevalence in ALS patients; the later ALS onset age in patients with antecedent disease; and the inverse relationship between ALS onset age and disease duration.
Adaptive Random Testing by Static Partitioning

Despite the importance of the random testing approach, random testing is not used in isolation, but plays a core role in many testing methods. On the basis that evenly distributed test cases are more likely to reveal non-point pattern failure regions, various Adaptive Random Testing (ART) methods have been proposed. Many of these methods use a variety of distance calculations, with corresponding computational overhead, newly proposed methods like ART by bisection, random partitioning or dynamic iterative partitioning try to decrease computational overhead while maintaining the performance. In this article we have proposed a new ART method that has similar performance to existing ART methods while having less computational overhead.
Heavy metals residues and trace elements in milk powder marketed in Dakahlia Governorate.

Fifty random milk powder samples were collected from different outlets in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt and analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer to determine heavy metals residues and trace elements [lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), aluminium (Al), iron (Fe), selenium (Se) and manganese (Mn)]. The average concentration of Pb, Cd, Al, Fe, Mn and Se in examined milk powder samples were 0.791; 0.322; 1.57; 20.41; 0.497 and 0.014 ppm, respectively. All examined samples of milk powder had Pb, Cd, Fe, and Mn residues over the permissible limit. At the meanwhile, 96 and 58% of examined samples had Al and Se levels above the permissible limit, respectively. The calculated daily intake of Pb, Cd, Al, Fe, Mn and Se from consumption of 200 ml reconstituted milk powder per day were 158.5; 64.4; 313.4; 4082; 99.4 and 2.8 μg, respectively, which contributed about 31.64; 92.0; 26.12; 85.04; 1.99 and 3.5% from the Acceptable Daily intake of these elements, respectively. Public health significance and hazardous of these metals were discussed.
LONGITUDINAL EVALUATIONS OF OBJECTIVELY MEASURED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: CAPTURING THE FULL SPECTRUM OF DURATION AND INTENSITY

vi LIST OF TABLES x LIST OF SYMBOLS xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xiii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER II: METHODS 30 CHAPTER III: INTRAPERSONAL-LEVEL CORRELATES AND DETERMINANTS OF THE FULL SPECTRUM OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 53 CHAPTER IV: THE INFLUENCE OF LIFE EVENTS DURING YOUNG ADULTHOOD ON THE FULL SPECTRUM OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 80 CHAPTER V: LONGITUDINAL ASSOCIATIONS OF THE TOTAL SPECTRUM OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY WITH ANTHROPOMETRIC OUTCOMES 110 CHAPTER VI: OVERALL SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 130 REFERENCES 135
Loss of heterozygosity and loss of expression of the DCC gene in gastric cancer.

AIM: To investigate the role of DCC gene inactivation in the development and progression of gastric cancer. METHODS: Loss of heterozygosity and loss of expression of the DCC gene was studied in 51 surgical specimens of gastric cancer using detection based on polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Loss of heterozygosity was found in 35.3% (18 of 51) of specimens and was detected more often in stage III and IV (50%) than in stage I and II cancers (14.3%) (p < 0.05). Occurrence of loss of heterozygosity was not correlated with histological type, tumour size, depth of invasion, or lymph node metastasis. Loss of expression was found in 49% of cases (25 of 51). Loss of expression was not significantly correlated with any clinicopathological variable. CONCLUSIONS: Loss of heterozygosity and loss of expression of the DCC gene are often encountered in gastric cancer. Loss of heterozygosity of the DCC gene is a late event and associated with malignant progression.
Transient behavior of fixed point LMS adaptation

We relate the distinguishing features of the fixed point power-of-two step size LMS algorithm's learning curve to the precision of its data and coefficient variables. In particular, we show that the increase in the steady state MSE floor due to finite precision effects is determined primarily by data quantization while the decrease in convergence rate due to finite precision is determined by both data and coefficient quantization. We also derive a condition under which the slowdown phenomenon can be eliminated, given the reference variance and lower bounds on the minimum MSE and optimal weight vector magnitude.
Three unrelated species, 3 sites, same host – monogenean parasites of the southern fiddler ray, Trygonorrhina fasciata, in South Australia: egg hatching strategies and larval behaviour

The southern fiddler ray, Trygonorrhina fasciata (Rhinobatidae), is parasitized by 3 monogenean (platyhelminth) species from 3 families on 3 different sites of the host: Calicotyle australis (Monocotylidae) from the cloaca, Pseudoleptobothrium aptychotremae (Microbothriidae) from the skin and Branchotenthes octohamatus (Hexabothriidae) from the gills. Cues that promote egg hatching were investigated for each species and the behaviour of their larvae was also documented. Eggs were laid by parasites in vivo and maintained at 22 °C. Three different egg hatching and host finding strategies were discovered. Calicotyle australis eggs hatched spontaneously with a strong diurnal rhythm that is likely to be under circadian control. The larva is ciliated, photo-responsive and can survive for up to 24 h at 22 °C after hatching. Pseudoleptobothrium aptychotremae may have a ‘bet-hedging’ strategy. Some eggs hatched spontaneously and rhythmically. However, since the hatching success was low, it is possible that other eggs require a different cue provided by the host. The larva is also ciliated but shows no photo-response and was observed to remain active for <4 h at 22 °C after hatching. Branchotenthes octohamatus has a ‘sit-and-wait’ strategy that depends on mechanical disturbance to stimulate hatching. The larva is unciliated, shows no photo-response but may survive for more than 2 days at 22 °C after hatching. The implications of hatching strategy, larval behaviour and morphology in the goal to find a host are discussed for each species.
Application of continuous positive airway pressure to trace static pressure-volume curves of the respiratory system

ObjectiveTo evaluate a new technique for pressure-volume curve tracing. DesignProspective experimental study. SettingAnimal research laboratory. SubjectsSix anesthetized rats. InterventionsTwo pressure-volume curves were obtained by means of the super-syringe method (gold standard) and the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) method. For the CPAP method, the ventilator was switched to CPAP and the pressure level was raised from 0 to 50 cm H2O in 5 cm H2O steps and then decreased, while we measured lung volume using respiratory inductive plethysmography. Thereafter, lung injury was induced using very high-volume ventilation. Following injury, two further pressure-volume curves were traced. Pressure-volume pairs were fitted to a mathematical model. Measurements and Main ResultsPressure-volume curves were equivalent for each method, with intraclass correlation coefficients being higher than . 75 for each pressure level measured. Bias and precision for volume values were 0.46 ± 0.875 mL in basal measurements and 0.31 ± 0.67 mL in postinjury conditions. Lower and upper inflection points on the inspiratory limb and maximum curvature point on the deflation limb obtained using both methods and measured by regression analysis also were correlated, with intraclass correlation coefficients (95% confidence interval) being . 97 (.58, .99), . 85 (.55, .95), and . 94 (.81, .98) (p < .001 for each one). When inflection points were estimated by observers, the correlation coefficient between methods was . 90 (.67, .98) for lower inflection points (p < .001). However, estimations for upper inflection points and maximum curvature point were significantly different. ConclusionsThe CPAP method for tracing pressure-volume curves is equivalent to the super-syringe method. It is easily applicable at the bedside, avoids disconnection from the ventilator, and can be used to obtain both the inspiratory and the deflation limbs of the pressure-volume curve. Use of regression techniques improves determination of inflection points.
Quantification of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria in Arable Soil by Real-Time PCR

ABSTRACT Real-time PCR was used to quantify populations of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria representing the β subdivision of the classProteobacteria in samples of arable soil, both nitrogen fertilized and unfertilized, from Mellby, Sweden. Primers and probes targeting a 16S ribosomal DNA region of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were designed and used. In the fertilized soil there were ∼6.2 × 107 ammonia-oxidizing bacteria per g of soil, three times more than the number of bacteria in the unfertilized soil. The lytic efficiency of bead beating in these soils was investigated by using populations of free or loosely attached bacteria, bacteria tightly bound to particles, and bacteria in nonfractionated samples. The shapes of the curves generated in these tests showed that the concentration of template DNA released at various times remained constant after 10 to 100 s of bead beating.
Learning Semantic Subgraphs for Document Summarization

In this paper we present a method for summarizing document by creating a semantic graph of the original document and identifying the substructure of such a graph that can be used to extract sentences for a document summary. We start with deep syntactic analysis of the text and, for each sentence, extract logical form triples, subject–predicate–object. We then apply cross-sentence pronoun resolution, co-reference resolution, and semantic normalization to refine the set of triples and merge them into a semantic graph. This procedure is applied to both documents and corresponding summary extracts. We train linear Support Vector Machine on the logical form triples to learn how to extract triples that belong to sentences in document summaries. The classifier is then used for automatic creation of document summaries of test data. Our experiments with the DUC 2002 data show that increasing the set of attributes to include semantic properties and topological graph properties of logical triples yields statistically significant improvement of the micro-average F1 measure for the extracted summaries. We also observe that attributes describing various aspects of semantic graph are weighted highly by SVM in the learned model.