Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coagulation disorders and hemostasis in liver disease: Pathophysiology and critical assessment of current management

Normal coagulation has classically been conceptualized as a Y‐shaped pathway, with distinct “intrinsic” and “extrinsic” components initiated by factor XII or factor VIIa/tissue factor, respectively, and converging in a “common” pathway at the level of the FXa/FVa (prothrombinase) complex. Until recently, the lack of an established alternative concept of hemostasis has meant that most physicians view the “cascade” as a model of physiology. This view has been reinforced by the fact that screening coagulation tests (APTT, prothrombin time – INR) are often used as though they are generally predictive of clinical bleeding. The shortcomings of this older model of normal coagulation are nowhere more apparent than in its clinical application to the complex coagulation disorders of acute and chronic liver disease. In this condition, the clotting cascade is heavily influenced by numerous currents and counter‐currents resulting in a mixture of pro‐ and anticoagulant forces that are themselves further subject to change with altered physiological stress such as super‐imposed infection or renal failure. This report represents a summary of a recent multidisciplinary symposium held in Charlottesville, VA. We present an overview of the coagulation system in liver disease with emphasis on the limitations of the current clinical paradigm and the need for a critical re‐evaluation of the current tenets governing clinical practice. With the realization that there is often limited or conflicting data, we have attempted to represent diverse opinion and experience from the perspectives of both hepatology and hematology beginning with a brief update on the physiology of normal coagulation. (HEPATOLOGY 2006;44:1039–1046.)
Interparental agreement on child behavior problems

Interparental agreement on child behavior problems was studied by having parents in 137 families complete the Child Behavior Checklist for their children age 3-13. Interparental agreement on specific behavior problems was low. Mothers consistently reported more problem behavior than fathers, but parents did not show different levels of agreement for boys and girls. Discrepancies between parental reports of problem behavior, but not kappa scores, increased as the distress level of the family increased. Child Behavior Checklist items rated high for objectivity, observability, molecularity, disturbance, and social undesirability generally obtained higher levels of parental agreement than items rated low for these qualities. Some evidence indicated that items on the externalizing scale of the cheklist achieve higher agreement and are more objective, observable, and socially undesirable than items on the internalizing scale
Chirality sensing by Escherichia coli topoisomerase IV and the mechanism of type II topoisomerases

Escherichia coli topoisomerase (Topo) IV is an essential type II Topo that removes DNA entanglements created during DNA replication. Topo IV relaxes (+) supercoils much faster than (–) supercoils, promoting replication while sparing the essential (–) supercoils. Here, we investigate the mechanism underlying this chiral preference. Using DNA binding assays and a single-molecule DNA braiding system, we show that Topo IV recognizes the chiral crossings imposed by the left-handed superhelix of a (+) supercoiled DNA, rather than global topology, twist deformation, or local writhe. Monte Carlo simulations of braid, supercoil, and catenane configurations demonstrate how a preference for a single-crossing geometry during strand passage can allow Topo IV to perform its physiological functions. Single-enzyme braid relaxation experiments also provide a direct measure of the processivity of the enzyme and offer insight into its mechanochemical cycle.
Interference and Facilitation Effects during Selective Attention: An H2
 15O PET Study of Stroop Task Performance

To investigate the functional anatomy of interference and facilitation during selective attention, we studied 15 normal subjects using the H215O positron emission tomography technique and a computer presented single-trial Stroop task for cognitive activation. Increases in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were observed in a network of structures that have been previously associated with selective attention, including the anterior cingulate gyrus, the frontal polar cortex, the inferior parietal lobule, and the thalamus, as well as the lingual gyrus. Furthermore rCBF decreases (compared to control states) were observed in lateral extra-striate cortex. rCBF changes in prefrontal and extra-striate regions varied with differences in the need to modulate the influence of word and color information while subjects responded to either incongruent or congruent Stroop stimuli. These results indicate the utility of Stroop procedures for investigating the functional anatomy of selective attention. Given recent interest regarding the role of the anterior cingulate gyrus in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, our results also suggest that the Stroop task can serve as a reliable neurobehavioral probe for this region. The significance of these results for understanding processing mechanisms underlying selective attention is discussed within the framework of a parallel distributed processing model of Stroop task performance.
Researching reflective practice: a case study of youth work education

This paper aims to help fill the gap in the literature on how to educate reflective youth work practitioners. The author reflects on his teaching practice. This includes in class, online and field‐based critical reflection work that cuts across a number of courses over three years. Students engage in a range of teaching and learning activities that promote the exercise of human agency and responsible action, alerting them to their own capacity for transformative action and professional youth work practice. The lessons can be adapted for use in other discipline areas where staff appreciate the pedagogical value of reflective practice.
Down-regulation of Intestinal Apical Calcium Entry Channel TRPV6 by Ubiquitin E3 Ligase Nedd4-2*

Nedd4-2 is an archetypal HECT ubiquitin E3 ligase that disposes target proteins for degradation. Because of the proven roles of Nedd4-2 in degradation of membrane proteins, such as epithelial Na+ channel, we examined the effect of Nedd4-2 on the apical Ca2+ channel TRPV6, which is involved in transcellular Ca2+ transport in the intestine using the Xenopus laevis oocyte system. We demonstrated that a significant amount of Nedd4-2 protein was distributed to the absorptive epithelial cells in ileum, cecum, and colon along with TRPV6. When co-expressed in oocytes, Nedd4-2 and, to a lesser extent, Nedd4 down-regulated the protein abundance and Ca2+ influx of TRPV6 and TRPV5, respectively. TRPV6 ubiquitination was increased, and its stability was decreased by Nedd4-2. The Nedd4-2 inhibitory effects on TRPV6 were partially blocked by proteasome inhibitor MG132 but not by the lysosome inhibitor chloroquine. The rate of TRPV6 internalization was not significantly altered by Nedd4-2. The HECT domain was essential to the inhibitory effect of Nedd4-2 on TRPV6 and to their association. The WW1 and WW2 domains interacted with TRPV6 terminal regions, and a disruption of the interactions by D204H and D376H mutations in the WW1 and WW2 domains increased TRPV6 ubiquitination and degradation. Thus, WW1 and WW2 may serve as a molecular switch to limit the ubiquitination of TRPV6 by the HECT domain. In conclusion, Nedd4-2 may regulate TRPV6 protein abundance in intestinal epithelia by controlling TRPV6 ubiquitination.
Research news and Comment: AERA Editorial Policies Regarding Statistical Significance Testing: Three Suggested Reforms

The present comment reviews practices revolving around tests of statistical significance. First, the logic of statistical significance testing is presented in an accessible manner; many people who use statistical tests might not place such a premium on the tests if these individuals understood what the tests really do, and what the tests do not do. Second, the etiology of decades of misuse of statistical tests is briefly explored; we must understand the bad implicit logic of persons who misuse statistical tests if we are to have any hope of persuading them to alter their practices. Third, three revised editorial policies that would improve conventional practice are highlighted.
Modulatory role of GSTM1 null genotype on the frequency of micronuclei in pesticide-exposed agricultural workers

In this study, we aimed to investigate the extent of genotoxic risk and the association between null GSTM1/GSTT1 and GSTP1 Ile105Val variants and cellular DNA damage, as measured by micronucleus (MN) assay in a group of agricultural workers from Denizli, Turkey. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 116 subjects, including 58 workers who were occupationally exposed to pesticides and 58 healthy unexposed controls. The MN frequencies of each individual were assessed by cytokinesis-blocked micronuclei assays on lymphocytes. Genotypes for different GST variants were determined using polymerase chain reaction-based methods. A significant 3.4-fold increase in MN frequency was observed in workers compared with the controls (p < 0.001). Among the GST genotypes, only the GSTM1 null genotype was found to be significantly associated with an increased MN frequency in workers (p = 0.01). Individuals with a concomitant null GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype demonstrated a significant (p = 0.01) increase in MN frequency compared with those with functional isozymes in the exposed worker group. The association of the GSTM1 null genotype with higher MN frequency suggests that it may be a modifier of genotoxic risk in individuals exposed to pesticides and may thus be a candidate susceptibility biomarker for human biomonitoring studies.
Can I Do It? Will I Try? Personal Efficacy, Assigned Goals, and Performance Norms as Motivators of Individual Performance1

This study tested concurrent influences of personal efficacy, assigned goals, and performance norms on individual performance, mediated by personal goals and task-specific self-efficacy. Seventy-seven undergraduate students performed a verbal task in this laboratory experiment that manipulated assigned goal level (low, high) and information about the performance of others (low, high). Relations among variables, including general, domain, and task-specific self-efficacy, as well as performance were examined through structural equation modeling. Results demonstrated simultaneous effects of assigned goals and normative information on self-efficacy, personal goals, and subsequent performance, as well as mediated effects of domain efficacy on performance.
Noble Eightfold Path and Yoga (NEPY): A Group for Women Experiencing Substance Use Challenges

This article describes the structure and methodology of a group created for women living with substance use challenges. The group was held at a community-based addictions services agency and combined physical activity (hatha yoga) with meditation and planned topics for self-reflection. Group work practice, in many forms, has been used successfully for decades as a helping modality for addictions issues, but the implementation of this innovative, insight-based approach is untried. Offered weekly for 10 weeks, the group was well attended with regular members. Limited qualitative feedback indicating satisfaction and beneficial impacts was gathered during the final group meeting.
The Evaluation of the Student Evaluation of Educational Quality Questionnaire (SEEQ) in UK Higher Education

The Student Evaluation of Educational Quality Questionnaire (SEEQ) is one of the most thoroughly developed and widely used student feedback questionnaires in the USA with a robust factor structure, excellent reliability and reasonable validity. Student feedback questionnaires used in the UK rarely have these desirable characteristics. This paper reports on the use of the SEEQ with 1297 students in nine institutions in the UK. Factor analysis largely confirms the factor structure. The SEEQ is recommended for use in the UK where reliability and comparability are important.
La Sostenibilidad En La Formación Universitaria: Desafíos Y Oportunidades

La finalidad del estudio se dirige a integrar la perspectiva de la sostenibilidad en las titulaciones de ensenanza superior a traves de la incorporacion de actividades en los procesos de ensenanza-aprendizaje, que faciliten el desarrollo de competencias transversales basicas relacionadas con la sostenibilidad. Se ha realizado un estudio empirico con una muestra representativa de profesorado de la Universidad de Valencia, que ostenta cargos academicos para analizar los desafios y oportunidades que comporta la introduccion de la sostenibilidad en la docencia universitaria, en los aspectos referidos en el documento “Bolonia sostenible” basado en la Carta Universitaria de Educacion Superior para un desarrollo sostenible de la RED Copernicus-Campus, constituida en el seno de la CRE (Conferencia Europea de Rectores). La metodologia utilizada conforma una estructura descriptivo-exploratoria y evaluativa basada en un analisis DAFO. Los datos obtenidos nos permiten describir la situacion inicial de partida en relacion a la introduccion de la sostenibilidad en la docencia universitaria para generar disenos de dialogo disciplinar y facilitar la puesta en marcha del compromiso institucional reflejado en el Plan Estrategico “Campus sostenible | UV” que es el marco de actuaciones que definen la estrategia institucional de sostenibilidad de la Universitat de Valencia.
Exploring the impact of past memories on tourist experiences of homeland visit

While literature review suggests that immigrants’ memories of their past life in homeland influence their present life, it is believed that immigrants’ memories related to their homeland may influence their tourist experiences of homeland visit. To explore any impact of immigrants’ past memories on their homeland visit experiences, a survey was conducted with 500 Chinese immigrants in Macao. The findings revealed the special tourist experiences of homeland visitors that reflected how visitors felt about their past, present, and future lives during their homeland visit. Moreover, it was found that respondents’ past memories of their homeland, travel patterns, and length of living in their homeland and Macao had a significant impact on their homeland visit experiences and feelings.
Women mayors say what it takes to lead: setting theory against lived experience

Leadership theorists have attempted over the years to encapsulate the mystique, the magic ingredient of what makes leadership successful into a formula or model. The most widely‐held view of leadership during the 1980s and 1990s seems to be that derived from Burns’ work in 1978, which contrasts “transforming” leadership with “transactional” leadership. To explore the relationship between gender, success as a mayor in local government leadership and Burns’ theory, New Zealand’s women mayors were interviewed about their perceptions of leadership and their responses were linked to the concept of transforming leadership. The results suggest that women mayors do judge success as a leader in terms that are closely allied to transformational rather than transactional leadership.
Impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on paediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus-associated left ventricular dysfunction within the Johannesburg teaching hospital complex

Abstract Objective To analyse the outcome of children with left ventricular dysfunction placed on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Method This study is a retrospective review of records of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive children with left ventricular dysfunction. Demographic data were collected. Left ventricular fractional shortening, CD4 percentage, viral load, and nutritional status were compared before and during antiretroviral therapy. Results We reviewed the records of 34 Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive children with left ventricular dysfunction. In all, 18 patients received antiretroviral therapy (group one) and 16 were antiretroviral therapy naive (group two). The median age of group one at initial visit was 94 months, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1. Of those, 17 children showed improved left ventricular function on treatment, with an increase in fractional shortening (median: 17–33.5%; p less than 0.0001). There was no significant statistical difference between the groups regarding initial fractional shortening. In group one, the CD4 percentage improved (median: 12% to 30.5%; p less than 0.0001), with viral load suppression (median: 24,900 copies per millilitre to less than 25 copies per millilitre; p less than 0.0001). There was weight gain in group one (median z-score: −1.70 to −1.32; p equal to 0.0083). Proper statistical analysis in group two was not possible because of poor follow-up of patients. Conclusion The findings are in keeping with other reports that have shown improvement in left ventricular function in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-associated cardiomyopathy treated with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Recovery of myocardial function is associated with improvement in immunological and nutritional statuses.
hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism modifies the significance of the environmental risk factor for colon cancer.

AIM To determine the association of hOGG1 (8-oxoguanine glycosylase I, OGG1) polymorphism of Ser326Cys substitution with colon cancer risk and possible interaction with known environmental risk factors. METHODS A case-control study with 125 colon cancer cases and 247 controls was conducted. RESULTS There was no major difference in Ser326Cys genotype distribution between cases and controls. The meat intake tended to increase the odds ratio for colon cancer with an OR of 1.72 (95 % confidence interval; CI=1.12-2.76). Such tendency was more prominent in Cys/Cys carriers (OR=4.31, 95 % CI=1.64-11.48), but meat intake was not a significant risk factor for colon cancer in Ser/Ser or Ser/Cys carriers. The OR for colon cancer was elevated with marginal significance in smokers who were Cys/Cys carriers (OR=2.75, 95 % CI=1.07-7.53) but not in Ser/Ser or Ser/Cys carriers. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism is probably not a major contributor to individual colon cancer susceptibility overall, but the Cys/Cys genotype may alter the impact of some environmental factors on colon cancer development.
The effects of intelligence test preparation

The first goal of this study was to investigate the effects of reading a book concerning intelligence tests and the effects of a specific test‐training programme on numerical and verbal intelligence tests. The second goal was to investigate to what extent the acquisition of test‐specific problem‐solving strategies affects the ability to solve items on different, but comparable tests (transfer). In the experimental design two factors were included: practice (pretest or no pretest) and (level of) preparation (none, book, or training), so there were six conditions. Each condition consisted of about 26 subjects, who had been randomly assigned to one of the conditions. The results showed a strong effect of preparation, especially for the numerical intelligence test and to a lesser degree for the verbal intelligence test. No practice or pretest effects were found. Positive transfer was demonstrated for the numerical test. The results for the verbal test were less clear. The implications for the predictive and construct validity are discussed.
“I'm Not a Very Manly Man” Qualitative Insights into Young Men's Masculine Subjectivity

During the last fifteen to twenty years interest has been growing in the study of masculinities. This article presents a discussion of material from in-depth interviews with two men who took part in a larger study of masculinity and health-related behavior. These two young men spontaneously referred to themselves during in-depth interviews as not being a manly man or a man's man. Consideration of what these men said provides interesting insights into the links between discourses of masculinity and subjective experiences of masculinityparticularly whether masculinity is perceived in binary or pluralistic terms. The experiences of these two young men give hope to young men who reject hegemonic masculinity but still desire to have a clear masculine identity.
Relation of Implicit Theories to the Construction of Personal Histories

It is hypothesized that people possess implicit theories regarding the inherent consistency of their attributes, as well as a set of principles concerning the conditions that are likely to promote personal change or stability. The nature of these theories is discussed in the context of a study of beliefs about life-span development. It is then suggested that people use their implicit theories of self to construct their personal histories. This formulation is used to interpret the results of a wide-ranging set of studies of memory of personal attributes. It is concluded that implicit theories of stability and change can lead to biases in recall. The extent and practical implications of these biases are discussed. Personal memories play an important role in people's everyday lives. Individuals dwell on their pasts for a variety of reasons including entertainment (for others' amusement, people fashion stories out of their lives), curiosity (gazing at their teenage children, parents might wonder what they, themselves, were like as teenagers), and the need to achieve self-understanding. People can study the past to learn about their preferences, abilities, and so forth. Personal recollections are also used to control and manipulate public images. Published autobiographies have served this function for hundreds of years (Korda, 1987). In short, people's personal memories are relevant to some of the traditional concerns of social psychologists, including selfunderstanding and self-presentation. Furthermore, much psychological research depends on personal recall. For example, not so long ago, psychologists formulated theories of development on the basis of parents' retrospective descriptions of their child-rearing practices. We now know that such descriptions may be invalid, and seek more direct evidence (Yarrow, Campbell, & Burton, 1970). Nonetheless, researchers and practitioners continue to make considerable use of retrospective self-reports. These include reports of voting, medical care, purchases, and finances. On the basis of such self-reports, social scientists evaluate theories of human behavior and offer advice on public policy. For a number of reasons, then, it is important to know how personal memories are formed and how accurate they maybe. In 1972, Tulving proposed what has become a widely accepted distinction between episodic and semantic memory. Episodic memory contains information that is coded both temporally and with reference to the rememberer, semantic memory stores general world knowledge that carries neither temporal nor autobiographical codes. In the present article, I examine a