Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antecedents and consequences of basic versus career enrichment benefit satisfaction

Using a sample of 250 medical technologists (MTs) over a four-year time period, this study presents initial evidence for differentiating two different facets of benefit satisfaction—basic and career enrichment. Basic benefit satisfaction exhibited stronger relationships to subsequent general benefit satisfaction, organizational withdrawal intent, and turnover behavior, while career enrichment benefit satisfaction exhibited a stronger relationship to subsequent affective organizational commitment. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of IgG4-positive clones in affected organs of IgG4-related disease

Abstract Objective: We investigated class switch reaction (CSR) in affected organs and evaluated whether the same or genetically related clones exist in IgG4-RD. Methods: We studied three patients with IgG4-RD. Total cellular RNA was extracted from salivary glands and peripheral blood and lung tissue. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and immunoglobulin heavy chain third complementarity determining region (IgVH-CDR3) of IgM and IgG4 were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We analyzed the clonal relationship of infiltrating IgG4-positive cells, as compared with IgM. We determined the existence of common clones among organs and patients. Result: AID was expressed in salivary glands of all patients and lung tissue in one. Closely related IgVH-CDR3 sequences in infiltrating IgG4-positive cells were detected in salivary glands and lung tissue. Identical IgVH-CDR3 sequence between IgM and IgG4 in salivary glands was detected in one patient, indicating CSR in salivary glands. Identical IgVH-CDR3 sequences of IgG4-positive cells were detected between salivary glands and peripheral blood in two patients. Four identical sequences of IgVH-CDR3 existed between patients. Interestingly, one of the four sequences was detected in all patients. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the existence of common antigen(s) shared by patients with IgG4-RD.
Questions and Questioning Techniques: A View of Indonesian Students’ Preferences

This study investigated students’ preference on teacher’s questions and questionings techniques and more importantly on how they could facilitate or impede their learning. The results on teacher’s questioning techniques showed that random nomination was more preferred than pre-arranged format nomination. In addition, techniques of nominating volunteering students and of giving wait-time were disliked by most student-respondents. As for types of question, the yes/no question was favored by most of the respondents. Different from the yes/no question, the number of respondents leaning forward to the analysis question, questions about fact of life, and questions to state opinion did not show a significant difference from the number of those leaning against the same questions.
Renal pathological findings in infective endocarditis.

BACKGROUND Accounts of renal pathological findings in infective endocarditis are mostly based on studies from many years ago. We reviewed a group of patients with infective endocarditis in the light of modern concepts of renal pathology, including the largest reported series of renal biopsies in this condition. METHODS Renal tissue was available for retrospective study from 62 patients with confirmed infective endocarditis out of 354 diagnosed with the disease between 1981 and 1998 inclusive. Twenty patients had a renal biopsy and 42 a necropsy. RESULTS Common renal lesions noted were localized infarcts in 31%, noted only in necropsy material, and acute glomerulonephritis in 26%, noted in biopsy and necropsy material. The commonest type of glomerulonephritis was vasculitic, without deposition of immunoproteins in glomeruli. Of the renal infarcts over half were due to septic emboli, mostly in patients infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Acute interstitial nephritis was found in 10% but was more common in biopsy material and seemed attributable to antibiotics. Renal cortical necrosis found in 10% was apparent only at necropsy. There were various other findings in the kidney. CONCLUSIONS The kidneys are commonly affected in infective endocarditis by a variety of complications of clinical significance. The commonest type of glomerulonephritis does not appear to be attributable to deposition of immune complexes. A renal biopsy may be helpful in the investigation of renal impairment in a patient with infective endocarditis.
Bilateral flight muscle activity predicts wing kinematics and 3-dimensional body orientation of locusts responding to looming objects

SUMMARY We placed locusts in a wind tunnel using a loose tether design that allowed for motion in all three rotational degrees of freedom during presentation of a computer-generated looming disc. High-speed video allowed us to extract wing kinematics, abdomen position and 3-dimensional body orientation. Concurrent electromyographic (EMG) recordings monitored bilateral activity from the first basalar depressor muscles (m97) of the forewings, which are implicated in flight steering. Behavioural responses to a looming disc included cessation of flight (wings folded over the body), glides and active steering during sustained flight in addition to a decrease and increase in wingbeat frequency prior to and during, respectively, an evasive turn. Active steering involved shifts in bilateral m97 timing, wing asymmetries and whole-body rotations in the yaw (ψ), pitch (χ) and roll (η) planes. Changes in abdomen position and hindwing asymmetries occurred after turns were initiated. Forewing asymmetry and changes in η were most highly correlated with m97 spike latency. Correlations also increased as the disc approached, peaking prior to collision. On the inside of a turn, m97 spikes occurred earlier relative to forewing stroke reversal and bilateral timing corresponded to forewing asymmetry as well as changes in whole-body rotation. Double spikes in each m97 occurred most frequently at or immediately prior to the time the locusts turned, suggesting a behavioural significance. These data provide information on mechanisms underlying 3-dimensional flight manoeuvres and will be used to drive a closed loop flight simulator to study responses of motion-sensitive visual neurons during production of realistic behaviours.
Revising Hull and Box Consistency

Most interval-based solvers in the constraint logic programming framework are based on either hull consistency or box consistency (or a variation of these ones) to narrow domains of variables involved in continuous constraint systems. This paper first presents HC4, an algorithm to enforce hull consistency without decomposing complex constraints into primitives. Next, an extended definition for box consistency is given and the resulting consistency is shown to subsume hull consistency. Finally, BC4, a new algorithm to efficiently enforce box consistency is described, that replaces BC3—the “original” solely Newton-based algorithm to achieve box consistency—by an algorithm based on HC4 and BC3 taking care of the number of occurrences of each variable in a constraint. BC4 is then shown to significantly outperform both HC3 (the original algorithm enforcing hull consistency by decomposing constraints) and BC3.
Yellow fever 5' noncoding region as a potential element to improve hepatitis C virus production through modification of translational control.

The lengthy 5' noncoding region (5' NCR) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA forms a highly ordered secondary structure, very conserved among different strains. It includes an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element, responsible for the cap-independent translation initiation of HCV RNA. Similarly to the IRES of hepatitis A virus (HAV), another human hepatitis virus, HCV IRES, activity in internal initiation of translation is weak. Furthermore, both viruses exhibit a poor growth phenotype that may result at least partially from an inhibitory control of translation. To enhance HCV translation, as a preliminary step in designing constructs for improvement in viral production, we sought to evaluate a chimeric construct containing the yellow fever virus (YFV) 5' NCR fused to the initiation codon of the HCV coding sequence. YF viral RNA, as the majority of eukaryotic messenger RNAs, is translated by a ribosome scanning mechanism in a cap-dependent manner. The efficiency of translation initiation of the parental HCV construct was compared in vitro in rabbit reticulocyte lysates with that of the chimeric construct containing YFV 5' NCR. Surprisingly, the related distanced YFV 5' NCR was fivefold more active than was the wild-type HCV IRES in directing that function. Furthermore, chimeric transcripts were shown to be effective in vivo after transfection of eukaryotic cells. Taken together, these results raise the following question: why has the HCV genus evolved to the acquisition of an IRES element within its 5' NCR among the Flaviviridae family?
Air‐mass origin as a diagnostic of tropospheric transport

We introduce rigorously defined air masses as a diagnostic of tropospheric transport. The fractional contribution from each air mass partitions air at any given point according to either where it was last in the planetary boundary layer or where it was last in contact with the stratosphere. The utility of these air‐mass fractions is demonstrated for the climate of a dynamical core circulation model and its response to specified heating. For an idealized warming typical of end‐of‐century projections, changes in air‐mass fractions are in the order of 10% and reveal the model's climate change in tropospheric transport: poleward‐shifted jets and surface‐intensified eddy kinetic energy lead to more efficient stirring of air out of the midlatitude boundary layer, suggesting that, in the future, there may be increased transport of black carbon and industrial pollutants to the Arctic upper troposphere. Correspondingly, air is less efficiently mixed away from the subtropical boundary layer. The air‐mass fraction that had last stratosphere contact at midlatitudes increases all the way to the surface, in part due to increased isentropic eddy transport across the tropopause. Correspondingly, the air‐mass fraction that had last stratosphere contact at high latitudes is reduced through decreased downwelling across the tropopause. A weakened Hadley circulation leads to decreased interhemispheric transport in the model's future climate.
The Endocannabinoid Anandamide Inhibits Neuronal Progenitor Cell Differentiation through Attenuation of the Rap1/B-Raf/ERK Pathway*

Endocannabinoids are neuromodulators that act as retrograde synaptic messengers inhibiting the release of different neurotransmitters in cerebral areas such as hippocampus, cortex, and striatum. However, little is known about other roles of the endocannabinoid system in brain. In the present work we provide substantial evidence that the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) regulates neuronal differentiation both in culture and in vivo. Thus AEA, through the CB1 receptor, inhibited cortical neuron progenitor differentiation to mature neuronal phenotype. In addition, human neural stem cell differentiation and nerve growth factor-induced PC12 cell differentiation were also inhibited by cannabinoid challenge. AEA decreased PC12 neuronal-like generation via CB1-mediated inhibition of sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, which is responsible for nerve growth factor action. AEA thus inhibited TrkA-induced Rap1/B-Raf/ERK activation. Finally, immunohistochemical analyses by confocal microscopy revealed that adult neurogenesis in dentate gyrus was significantly decreased by the AEA analogue methanandamide and increased by the CB1 antagonist SR141716. These data indicate that endocannabinoids inhibit neuronal progenitor cell differentiation through attenuation of the ERK pathway and suggest that they constitute a new physiological system involved in the regulation of neurogenesis.
Beclin 1 Deficiency Correlated with Lymph Node Metastasis, Predicts a Distinct Outcome in Intrahepatic and Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

Autophagy can be tumor suppressive as well as promotive in regulation of tumorigenesis and disease progression. Accordingly, the prognostic significance of autophagy key regulator Beclin 1 was varied among different tumors. Here, we detected the clinicopathological and prognostic effect of Beclin 1 in the subtypes of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC). Beclin 1 expression level was detected by immunohistochemistry staining in 106 ICC and 74 ECC patients. We found that Beclin 1 was lowly expressed in 126 (70%) cholangiocarcinoma patients, consist of 72 ICC and 54 ECC. Moreover, the cholangiocarcinoma patients with lymph node metastasis (N1) had a lower Beclin 1 level than that of N0 subgroup (P=0.012). However, we did not detect any correlations between Beclin 1 and other clinicopathological features, including tumor subtypes, vascular invasion, HBV infection, liver cirrhosis, cholecystolithiasis and TNM stage. Survival analysis showed that, compared with the high expression subset, Beclin 1 low expression was correlated with a poorer 3-year progression-free survival (PFS, 69.1% VS 46.8%, P=041) for cholangiocarcinoma. Importantly, our stratified univariate and multivariate analysis confirmed that Beclin 1 lowly expressed ICC had an inferior PFS as well as overall survival than ECC, particularly than that of Beclin 1 highly expressed ECC patients. Thus, our study demonstrated that Beclin 1low expression, correlated with lymph node metastasis, and might be a negative prognostic biomarker for cholangiocarcinoma. Combined Beclin 1 level with the anatomical location might lead to refined prognosis for the subtypes of ICC and ECC.
In Vitro Parallel Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Commercially Available Silver-Containing Wound Dressings

Purpose: This study evaluated the in vitro antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of various commercially available silver-containing dressings (Ag dressing). Methods: Biohesive Ag (hydrocolloid, silver sulfadiazine), Aquacel® Ag (nonwoven fabric, ionic silver [Ag+]), Algisite™ Ag (nonwoven fabric, Ag+), Mepilex® Ag (foam, silver sulfate), and PolyMem® Ag (foam, nanocrystalline silver) were tested for characteristics of Ag+ release, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity. The release of Ag+ was investigated in cell culture medium at immersion periods of 6, 24, and 48 hours. The antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were accessed by a disc diffusion test. The cytotoxicity was evaluated using V79 cells, by an extraction method. Results: The cytotoxicity was not a monotonic function of the antibacterial activity among the Ag dressings and could not be simply explained by Ag+-release properties. Biohesive Ag was regarded as a slow-release Ag dressing, showing the lowest cytotoxicity, while the antibacterial activity was classified as “strong” or “significant” against the two species of bacteria. Aquacel Ag and Algisite Ag showed higher antibacterial activity and cytotoxic effects, which were supported by the higher Ag+ release. Mepilex Ag showed the highest release of Ag+, and the cytotoxicity was the highest among the Ag dressings. However, the antibacterial activity was classified as “significant” or “no activity” for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively. PolyMem Ag showed the lowest Ag+ release, and the antibacterial activity classified as “significant” or “no activity” for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively, whereas the cytotoxicity was similar to those of Aquacel Ag and Algisite Ag. Conclusion: The efficacy and adverse effects of the Ag dressings revealed differences that should be considered by clinicians during wound management.
Impact of Newly Available Drugs on Clinical Progression in Patients with Virological Failure after Exposure to Three Classes of Antiretrovirals

Objective To study the prognosis of HIV-infected patients with virological failure after exposure to three classes of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs). Design Cohort study. Setting: French Hospital Database on HIV. Patients Patients previously exposed to at least two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), two protease inhibitors and one non-NRTI, with viral load (VL) values of >5000 copies/ml after the exposure criteria were met and a new treatment initiated between 1998 and 2001 with VL >5000 copies/ml. Main outcome measures Risk of new AIDS-defining-events (ADEs) or death from first introduction of a drug never used before occurring between 1998 and 2001 defined as baseline. Results The main baseline characteristics of the 1092 patients were: previous ADE in 49% of cases, median CD4 cell count 181 μl, median VL 4.9 log10 copies/ml, median duration of ARV therapy 5.0 years and previous exposure to a median of nine ARVs. The crude progression rates were 20.1/100 patient-years among patients included in 1998, 15.1 in 1999, 11.1 in 2000 and 8.6 in 2001. After adjustment for baseline characteristics, the calendar year of inclusion was associated with the risk of clinical progression (P<0.001). When the types of newly available drugs used at baseline or during follow-up were introduced into the model, year of inclusion was no longer associated with the risk of clinical progression (P=0.42), while exposure to amprenavir/r, lopinavir/r, abacavir or tenofovir was associated with a lower risk. Conclusions The clinical prognosis of heavily pretreated patients experiencing virological failure improved between 1998 and 2001, mainly thanks to the use of newly available drugs with more favourable resistance profiles.
Modifying infants’ sensitivity to audiovisual temporal mismatch

Studies in adults reveal that a short-term exposure to asynchronous audiovisual signals induces temporal realignment between these signals (Di Luca et al., 2009; Fujisaki et al., 2004; Navarra et al., 2009; Vroomen et al., 2004). In contrast with this evidence in adults, Lewkowicz (2010) observed that infants increased their sensitivity to AV asynchrony after exposure to asynchronous AV speech. We investigated whether brief experience with an asynchronous AV event would increase infants’ ability to discriminate AV synchrony from asynchrony in non-speech stimuli or else induce temporal realignment as observed in adults. Twenty-four 6-month-old infants were tested in two phases (Test 1 and 2) using an intersensory paired-preference procedure, with simple stimuli (two balls bouncing against the floor — one ball bouncing in synchrony while the other one in asynchrony with respect to the bouncing sound). Between Test 1 and 2, infants were exposed to AV asynchrony (a presentation of an audiovisually asynchronous bouncing ball). The results revealed that infants detected the difference between AV synchrony and asynchrony only after being exposed to an asynchronous AV event. Our findings support the idea that experience with AV asynchrony has different consequences for adults and infants: while temporal AV recalibration is observed in adults, an increase of the sensitivity to AV asynchrony is observed in infants.
Chronic stress, sense of belonging, and depression among survivors of traumatic brain injury.

PURPOSE To test whether chronic stress, interpersonal relatedness, and cognitive burden could explain depression after traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN A nonprobability sample of 75 mild-to-moderately injured TBI survivors and their significant others, were recruited from five TBI day-rehabilitation programs. All participants were within 2 years of the date of injury and were living in the community. METHODS During face-to-face interviews, demographic information, and estimates of brain injury severity were obtained and participants completed a cognitive battery of tests of directed attention and short-term memory, responses to the Perceived Stress Scale, Interpersonal Relatedness Inventory, Sense of Belonging Instrument, Neurobehavioral Functioning Inventory, and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale;. FINDINGS Chronic stress was significantly and positively related to post-TBI depression. Depression and postinjury sense of belonging were negatively related. Social support and results from the cognitive battery did not explain depression. CONCLUSIONS Postinjury chronic stress and sense of belonging were strong predictors of postinjury depression and are variables amenable to interventions by nurses in community health, neurological centers, or rehabilitation clinics. Future studies are needed to examine how these variables change over time during the recovery process.
Effect of Phase-Shift Angle on a Delta-Connected Autotransformer Applied to a 12-Pulse Rectifier

The delta-connected autotransformer with π/6 phase-shift angle is widely used in the multipulse rectifier when the output voltage of the autotransformer is approximately equal to its input voltage. If its output voltage is slightly greater than its input voltage, the equivalent kilovoltampere (kVA) rating of the autotransformer increases rapidly, and each core limb of the autotransformer has five windings. The increase in winding number will increase the asymmetry and manufacture difficulty of the autotransformer. Therefore, the autotransformer with π/6 phase-shift angle is not suitable in the boost voltage application. This paper analyzes the effect of phase-shift angle of the autotransformer with three windings in each core limb on the input line current, output voltage, and equivalent kVA rating and proposes a new phase-shift angle. The equivalent kVA rating of the delta-connected autotransformer with the new phase-shift angle is slightly greater than that of the autotransformer with π/6 phase-shift angle under the same turn ratio, but the autotransformer with the new phase-shift angle has three windings in each core limb and is propitious to design and manufacture. Some simulation and experiment are carried out to verify the theoretical analysis.
Normative visuospatial performance in Australian midlife women

Abstract This paper presents normative data for visual – spatial ability in midlife Australian women. Understanding normative performance on visuospatial tasks has gained increasing importance recently with the emergence of the association between Alzheimer's disease and impairments in visuo-constructional skills and judgments of spatial relations. Thus, the availability of relevant local normative data is critical as a valid reference source in the clinical assessment of cognitive function and the diagnosis of cognitive degenerative diseases. In the present study, 257 healthy Australian-born women aged 56 – 67 years who participated in the Melbourne Women's Midlife Longitudinal Health Project were assessed for visual – spatial ability using the Block Design (BD) task of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III and the Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO) task. The Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale was also administered to assess mood. Results revealed a significant main effect of age and.
Personal and Global Futurity in Scottish and Swazi Students

Summary The future time perspectives of Swazi and Scottish college students were investigated. It was hypothesized that where issues of concern for the future were the same across cultural groups then the length of the time perspective would be similar. Some evidence was obtained to support this view. Differences in the issues of concern for the future were also noted within and between cultural groups. These were discussed in terms of the realism of the issues for the Ss in each group. Issues considered to be less realistic were located on a more distant temporal horizon than those considered more realistic.
Crime and coercion : an integrated theory of chronic criminality

Introduction Emergence of a Differential Coercion Theory of Criminality The Immediate Contexts of Coercion The Larger Contexts of Coercion: Economics and Culture Coercion in the Foreground of Crime A Theory-Driven Response to Crime: Toward A Non-Coercive Society Appendix: A Guide to Literature on Measuring Key Variables