Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early childhood electronic media use as a predictor of poorer well-being: a prospective cohort study.

IMPORTANCE Identifying associations between preschool-aged children's electronic media use and their later well-being is essential to supporting positive long-term outcomes. OBJECTIVE To investigate possible dose-response associations of young children's electronic media use with their later well-being. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The IDEFICS (Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants) study is a prospective cohort study with an intervention component. Data were collected at baseline from September 1, 2007, through June 30, 2008, and at follow-up from September 1, 2009, through May 31, 2010, in 8 European countries participating in the IDEFICS study. This investigation is based on 3604 children aged 2 to 6 years who participated in the longitudinal component of the IDEFICS study only and not in the intervention. EXPOSURE Early childhood electronic media use. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The following 6 indicators of well-being from 2 validated instruments were used as outcomes at follow-up: Peer problems and Emotional problems subscales from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and Emotional well-being, Self-esteem, Family functioning, and Social networks subscales from the KINDLR (Questionnaire for Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents-Revised Version). Each scale was dichotomized to identify those children at risk for poorer outcomes. Indicators of electronic media use (weekday and weekend television and electronic game [e-game]/computer use) from baseline were used as predictors. RESULTS Associations varied between boys and girls; however, associations suggested that increased levels of electronic media use predicted poorer well-being outcomes. Television viewing on weekdays or weekends was more consistently associated with poorer outcomes than e-game/computer use. Across associations, the likelihood of adverse outcomes in children ranged from a 1.2- to 2.0-fold increase for emotional problems and poorer family functioning for each additional hour of television viewing or e-game/computer use depending on the outcome examined. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Higher levels of early childhood electronic media use are associated with children being at risk for poorer outcomes with some indicators of well-being. Further research is required to identify potential mechanisms.
Executive Integrity, Audit Opinion, and Fraud in Chinese Listed Firms

We examine the influence of auditors on mitigating corporate fraud in China, which is known to have weak legal enforcement, weak investor protection along with tight control of the media and labour unions. We find that firms with executives that have lower integrity, indicated by a greater degree of earnings manipulation, are associated with higher propensity of regulatory enforcement actions against corporate fraud in the subsequent year. We show that this effect is moderated by the issuance of a modified audit opinion report by the auditors. This finding implies that auditors can serve as external governance mechanism to discourage executives with lower integrity in committing fraud. Our results have policy implications for further strengthening auditor independence in emerging countries like China.
Malingering of cognitive symptoms.

Volume 1 is divided into 3 parts as follows: Part 1 (Review Paper) discusses the admissibility of psychometric evidence of cognitive malingering in UK criminal law courts. The paper opens with a historical account of psychologists as expert witnesses, highlighting significant advances relevant to malingering. This sets the context for a discussion about current developments in policy and specifically the creation of a UK standard for the admissibility of scientific evidence. The penultimate section outlines the statistical and methodological issues which challenge the development of empirical cognitive measures of malingering. The paper closes with a discussion of future directions for research and practice in presenting psychological evidence in court. Part 2 (Empirical Paper) reports on a study testing the utility of a battery of measures to identify simulating malingerers from healthy controls and psychiatric inpatients. The battery of measures were chosen for their different approaches to detecting malingerers. An additional qualitative interview was given to the simulating malingerers to investigate the strategies they used to fake the tests. The performance of the test battery was compared to a pre-existing screening tool for malingering. The results were discussed with reference to implications for research and practice. Part 3 (Critical Appraisal) reflects on the process of undertaking the research. It discusses the generalisability of the findings when using a simulating malingering design, the utility of measuring reaction time to detect malingering, difficulties in the recruitment of inpatients, the array of choices in selecting the test battery and the clinical applications of the research.
Topological constraints strongly affect chromatin reconstitution in silico

The fundamental building block of chromatin, and of chromosomes, is the nucleosome, a composite material made up from DNA wrapped around a histone octamer. In this study we provide the first computer simulations of chromatin self-assembly, starting from DNA and histone proteins, and use these to understand the constraints which are imposed by the topology of DNA molecules on the creation of a polynucleosome chain. We take inspiration from the in vitro chromatin reconstitution protocols which are used in many experimental studies. Our simulations indicate that during self-assembly, nucleosomes can fall into a number of topological traps (or local folding defects), and this may eventually lead to the formation of disordered structures, characterised by nucleosome clustering. Remarkably though, by introducing the action of topological enzymes such as type I and II topoisomerase, most of these defects can be avoided and the result is an ordered 10-nm chromatin fibre. These findings provide new insight into the biophysics of chromatin formation, both in the context of reconstitution in vitro and in terms of the topological constraints which must be overcome during de novo nucleosome formation in vivo, e.g. following DNA replication or repair.
Biomarkers in vasculitis

Purpose of reviewBetter biomarkers are needed for guiding management of patients with vasculitis. Large cohorts and technological advances had led to an increase in preclinical studies of potential biomarkers. Recent findingsThe most interesting markers described recently include a gene expression signature in CD8+ T cells that predicts tendency to relapse or remain relapse-free in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, and a pair of urinary proteins that are elevated in Kawasaki disease but not other febrile illnesses. Both of these studies used ‘omics’ technologies to generate and then test hypotheses. More conventional hypothesis-based studies have indicated that the following circulating proteins have potential to improve upon clinically available tests: pentraxin-3 in giant cell arteritis and Takayasu's arteritis; von Willebrand factor antigen in childhood central nervous system vasculitis; eotaxin-3 and other markers related to eosinophils or Th2 immune responses in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg–Strauss syndrome); and matrix metalloproteinase-3, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and CXCL13 in ANCA-associated vasculitis. SummaryNew markers testable in blood and urine have the potential to assist with diagnosis, staging, assessment of current disease activity, and prognosis. However, the standards for clinical usefulness, in particular, the demonstration of either very high sensitivity or very high specificity have yet to be met for clinically relevant outcomes.
Adjunctive lamotrigine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia.

Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is characterized by continuous psychotic symptoms for more than 2 yr, impacting on functioning despite appropriate pharmacological and psychosocial treatment (Brenner et al., 1990). Between 5% and 25% of patients with schizophrenia develop treatment resistance (Brenner et al., 1990).
Preamble design for joint estimation of channel and I/Q imbalance in MIMO-OFDM systems

In this paper, preamble design for estimation of frequency selective channels and In-phase/Quadrature-phase (I/Q) imbalance in multiple input multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems is proposed. First we utilize convex optimization to optimize power of all active subcarriers, then we employ cross entropy (CE) optimization techniques to select optimal preamble sequence that minimizes the channel estimate mean squared error (MSE) while suppressing the effect of I/Q mismatch. To mitigate inter-antenna interferences, disjoint preamble sequences are utilized for each transmit antenna. An algorithm to guarantee that the preamble sequences are disjoint for each transmitter is proposed. Numerical simulations are provided to verify the advantages and effectiveness of the proposed preamble sequences over the conventional sequences.
General belongingness, workplace belongingness, and depressive symptoms

Research has shown that a strong relationship exists between belongingness and depressive symptoms; however, the contribution of specific types of belongingness remains unknown. Participants (N=369) completed the sense of belonging instrument, psychological sense of organizational membership, and the depression scale of the depression anxiety stress scales. Factor analysis demonstrated that workplace and general belongingness are distinct constructs. When regressed onto depressive symptoms, these belongingness types made independent contributions, together accounting for 45% of variance, with no moderation effects evident. Hence, general belongingness and specific workplace belongingness appear to have strong additive links to depressive symptoms. These results add support to the belongingness hypothesis and sociometer theory and have significant implication for depression prevention and treatment
Cognitive psychology in and out of the laboratory

Kathleen Galotti's text led the way in emphasizing the applied side of cognitive psychology. The title of the book emphasizes its "in and out" of the laboratory focus, which includes cross-cultural, individual and gender differences, as well as cognitive development through adolescence. This coverage is very unique to Galotti's text, which shows readers both the importance and the personal relevance of understanding brain function. COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY: IN AND OUT OF THE LABORATORY is perfect for instructors who like to supplement their primary text with readings from additional sources. Additional study aids, review questions, InfoTrac College Edition search terms and activities, and references to the CogLab Web site encourage students to get involved with the content-and help them understand even the most abstract concepts through hands-on practice and reinforcement.
Bmc Medical Informatics and Decision Making Integrated Personal Health Records: Transformative Tools for Consumer-centric Care

Background: Integrated personal health records (PHRs) offer significant potential to stimulate transformational changes in health care delivery and self-care by patients. In 2006, an invitational roundtable sponsored by Kaiser Permanente Institute, the American Medical Informatics Association, and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality was held to identify the transformative potential of PHRs, as well as barriers to realizing this potential and a framework for action to move them closer to the health care mainstream. This paper highlights and builds on the insights shared during the roundtable.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Working Memory: A Task Switching Paradigm

This study investigated working memory (WM) in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) using a task switching paradigm with Stroop color-word stimuli which required participants to switch from color-naming to word-reading. High and low WM load conditions were compared by manipulation of task reminders as a tempo cue. The sample comprised 83 children with ADHD and 29 normal children comparable in age (aged 7 to 13). Within the ADHD group, participants were divided according to the presence or absence of Learning Disability (LD). Results indicated that children with ADHD had slower response times and less accurate responses in general, however, the ADHD groups were not consistently slower in the high WM load condition. Instead, an impairment in adjusting response speed to cope with higher task demands (i.e., high WM load condition) was found. These results do not support the previously documented association between ADHD and a primary deficit in WM for task switching. However, children with ADHD do demonstrate a specific difficulty in slowing down for a demanding task. Present findings suggest that earlier proposals of under-arousal and poor state regulation in ADHD deserve renewed attention.
Real‐Time 3‐Dimensional Dynamics of Functional Mitral Regurgitation: A Prospective Quantitative and Mechanistic Study

Background Three‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3D‐TTE) with dedicated software permits quantification of mitral annulus dynamics and papillary muscle motion throughout the cardiac cycle. Methods and Results Mitral apparatus 3D‐TTE was acquired in controls (n=42), patients with left ventricle dysfunction and functional mitral regurgitation (LVD‐FMR; n=43) or without FMR (LVD‐noMR, n=35). Annulus in both normal and LVD‐noMR subjects displayed saddle shape accentuation in early‐systole (ratio of height to intercommissural diameter, 10.6±3.7 to 13.5±4.0 in normal and 9.1±4.3 to 12.6±3.6 in LVD‐noMR; P<0.001 for diastole to early‐systole motion, P=NS between those groups). In contrast, saddle shape was unchanged from diastole in FMR patients (10.0±6.4 to 8.0±5.2; P=NS, P<0.05 compared to both other groups). Papillary tips moved symmetrically towards to the midanterior annulus in control and LVD‐noMR subjects, maintaining constant ratio of the distances between both tips to midannulus (PtAR) throughout systole. In LVD‐FMR patients midsystolic posterior papillary tip to anterior annulus distance was increased, resulting in higher PtAR (P=0.05 compared to both other groups). Mechanisms of early‐ and midsystolic FMR differed between different etiologies of LV dysfunction. In patients with anterior MI and global dysfunction annular function and dilatation were the dominant parameters, while papillary muscle motion was the predominant determinant of FMR in patients with inferior MI. Conclusions Inadequate early‐systolic annular contraction and saddle‐shape accentuation in patients with impaired LV contribute to early–mitral incompetency. Asymmetric papillary tip movement towards the midanterior annulus is a major determinant of mid‐ and late‐systolic functional mitral regurgitation.
The role of romantic attachment and self-criticism and dependency for the relationship satisfaction of community adults

This article aims to investigate the role of romantic attachment versus the personality dimensions related to self-definition and relatedness for relationship satisfaction. Self-report instruments measuring romantic attachment, self-criticism and dependency, severity of depression, negative life events and relationship satisfaction were administrated to 266 community adults. As expected, results showed that secure romantic attachment was positively and insecure romantic attachment was negatively associated with relationship satisfaction, and this was the case even when controlling for self-criticism and dependency, severity of depression and negative life events. Implications of these findings for couple therapy are discussed.
Community structure and diversity of tropical forest mammals: data from a global camera trap network

Terrestrial mammals are a key component of tropical forest communities as indicators of ecosystem health and providers of important ecosystem services. However, there is little quantitative information about how they change with local, regional and global threats. In this paper, the first standardized pantropical forest terrestrial mammal community study, we examine several aspects of terrestrial mammal species and community diversity (species richness, species diversity, evenness, dominance, functional diversity and community structure) at seven sites around the globe using a single standardized camera trapping methodology approach. The sites—located in Uganda, Tanzania, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Suriname, Brazil and Costa Rica—are surrounded by different landscape configurations, from continuous forests to highly fragmented forests. We obtained more than 51 000 images and detected 105 species of mammals with a total sampling effort of 12 687 camera trap days. We find that mammal communities from highly fragmented sites have lower species richness, species diversity, functional diversity and higher dominance when compared with sites in partially fragmented and continuous forest. We emphasize the importance of standardized camera trapping approaches for obtaining baselines for monitoring forest mammal communities so as to adequately understand the effect of global, regional and local threats and appropriately inform conservation actions.
On Fuzzy Clustering Algorithms

Image segmentation especially fuzzy based image segmentation techniques are widely used due to effective segmentation performance. For this reason, a huge number of algorithms are proposed in the literature. This paper presents a survey report of different types of classical fuzzy clustering techniques which available in the literature. Keyword: fuzzy clustering, image segmentation, fuzzy c-means, PCM.
Allelic Diversity and Population Structure of Bacillus sphaericus as Revealed by Multilocus Sequence Typing

ABSTRACT The genetic diversity of 35 Bacillus sphaericus strains was analyzed by a newly developed multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme, toxin gene pool survey, and mosquito bioassay. The results demonstrated that strains assigned to the same sequence type (ST) had the same occurrence of toxin genes. Further sequence analysis revealed that toxic strains presented a nearly clonal population structure, whereas nontoxic strains had a high level of heterogeneity and were significantly distinct from toxic strains.
The Rational Animal: How Evolution made us Smarter than we Think

Douglas T . Kenrick is a Professor of Psychology at Arizona State University and author of Sex, Murder, and the Meaning of Life . Vladas Griskevicius is a Professor of Marketing and Psychology at the Carlson School of Management at the University of Minnesota . This book is a valuable contribution to the library of decision making and rationality . It is a powerful and balancing addition to the growing behavioural economics literature . The book is well written, with a solid scientific framework, and illustrated with examples, experiments and anecdotes, from both the human and animal worlds . It should prove useful for anyone involved in human understanding, communication and influence . The Rational Animal is based on two insights:
MR angiography of carotid artery aneurysms in a porcine model at 3 tesla: Comparison of two different macrocyclic gadolinium chelates and of dynamic and conventional techniques

To evaluate the differences in image quality of two macrocyclic gadolinium‐based contrast agents, gadobutrol and gadoterate meglumine, using time‐resolved, contrast‐enhanced MR angiography (CE‐MRA) in a porcine carotid artery aneurysm model and to compare image quality between dynamic and conventional, single acquisition CE‐MRA.
Effects of melatonin and its receptor antagonist on retinal pigment epithelial cells against hydrogen peroxide damage

Purpose Recently, we reported finding that circulating melatonin levels in age-related macular degeneration patients were significantly lower than those in age-matched controls. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that melatonin deficiency may play a role in the oxidative damage of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) by testing the protective effect of melatonin and its receptor antagonist on RPE cells exposed to H2O2 damage. Methods Cultured human RPE cells were subjected to oxidative stress induced by 0.5 mM H2O2. Cell viability was measured using the microculture tetrazoline test (MTT) assay. Cells were pretreated with or without melatonin for 24 h. Luzindole (50 μM), a melatonin membrane-receptor antagonist, was added to the culture 1 h before melatonin to distinguish direct antioxidant effects from indirect receptor-dependent effects. All tests were performed in triplicate. Results H2O2 at 0.5 mM decreased cell viability to 20% of control levels. Melatonin showed dose-dependent protective effects on RPE cells against H2O2. Cell viability of RPE cells pretreated with 10−10, 10−8, 10−6, and 10−4 M melatonin for 24 h was 130%, 160%, 187%, and 230% of cells treated with H2O2 alone (all p<0.05). Using cells cultured without H2O2 as the control, cell viability of cells treated with H2O2 after pretreatment with 10−10-10−4 M melatonin was still significantly lower than that of the controls, suggesting that melatonin significantly decreased but did not completely abolish the in vitro cytotoxic effects of H2O2. Luzindole completely blocked melatonin’s protective effects at low concentrations of melatonin (10−10-10−8 M) but not at high concentrations (10−6-10−4 M). Conclusions Melatonin has a partial protective effect on RPE cells against H2O2 damage across a wide range of concentrations (10−10-10−4 M). This protective effect occurs through the activation of melatonin membrane receptors at low concentrations (10−10-10−8 M) and through both the direct antioxidant and indirect receptor activation effects at high concentrations (10−6-10−4 M).
Non-MHV Tree Amplitudes in Gauge Theory

We show how all non-MHV tree-level amplitudes in 0 ? 4 gauge theories can be obtained directly from the known MHV amplitudes using the scalar graph approach of Cachazo, Svrcek and Witten. Generic amplitudes are given by sums of inequivalent scalar diagrams with MHV vertices. The novel feature of our method is that after the `Feynman rules' for scalar diagrams are used, together with a particular choice of the reference spinor, no further helicity-spinor algebra is required to convert the results into a numerically usable form. Expressions for all relevant individual diagrams are free of singularities at generic phase space points, and amplitudes are manifestly Lorentz- (and gauge-) invariant. To illustrate the method, we derive expressions for n-point amplitudes with three negative helicities carried by fermions and/or gluons. We also write down a supersymmetric expression based on Nair's supervertex which gives rise to all such amplitudes in 0 ? 4 gauge theories.
Multi-grounded theory - Adding theoretical grounding to grounded theory

The purpose of this paper is to challenge some of the cornerstones of Grounded theory and propose an extended alternative approach for data analysis and theory development, which we call multi-grounded theory (MGT). A multi-grounded theory is not only empirically grounded. Three different grounding processes are acknowledged: Theoretical, empirical and internal grounding. We go beyond the pure inductivist approach in GT and add the explicit use of external theories. A working structure of MGT is presented, which can be seen as an extension of Grounded theory.