Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Height Increment and Laboratory Profile of Boys Treated With Aromatase Inhibitors With or Without Growth Hormone

Abstract Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have been used to recover height loss due to their capacity to delay growth plate closure. Long-term studies describing final heights are needed to determine the efficacy and safety profiles of these drugs for the treatment of impaired growth. This study aims to identify the therapeutic efficiency of AIs in improve growth and to describe potential adverse effects during treatment. Retrospective data analysis of 96 adolescents, among which 22 patients already attained near-final height, were followed at outpatient clinics of two referral centers. Patients were all in puberty and present idiopathic decrease in predicted adult height. Patients were treated with Anastrozole (ANZ: 1 mg/day) or Letrozole (LTZ: 2.5 mg/day) with/without recombinant human growth hormone (0.05 mg/kg/day) for 1.0 to 3.5 years (2.1±1.2 years). Height gain, body mass index, lipid, liver enzyme, gonadotropins and testosterone levels were described before and at the end of treatment. Predicted adult height (PAH) and NF height were compared with the TH. The height SDS (adjusted to bone age) significantly increased (p<0.05) in all groups [0.8±0.7 (ANZ), 0.7±0.7 (ANZ+GH), 0.3±0.5 (LTZ), and 1.2±0.8 (LTZ+GH)]; the latter group exhibited the highest increment of PAH and growth recovery to the TH (p<0.004). No significant side effects were observed. AI treatment, especially when used in association with GH was able to improve growth and the attainment of familial target height.
Competition in Two-Sided Markets ¤

There are many examples of markets involving two groups of participants who need to interact via intermediaries. Moreover, these intermediaries usually have to compete for business from both groups. Examples include academic publishing (where journals facilitate the interaction between authors and readers), advertising in media markets (where newspapers or TV channels enable adverts from producers to reach consumers), payment systems (where credit cards can be a convenient method of transaction between consumers and retailers), and telecommunications networks (where networks are used to provide links between callers and those who receive calls). The paper surveys recent theoretical work on these two-sided markets. The main questions are (i) what determines which side of the market is subsidized (if either) in order to attract the other side, and (ii) is the resulting outcome socially e¢cient?
Estimativas dos emigrantes internacionais do Brasil entre 1995 e 2000: uma aplicação do método das razões intercensitárias de sobrevivência

Due to the lack of data on demographic movements in space and time, demographers and scholars of the population have long resorted to indirect methods for measuring net migration. The most recent Brazilian Demographic Censuses contain a considerable amount of data on population movements that can provide direct estimates of migratory flows. In addition, data not directly related to migration,but handled through the application of indirect techniques, provide estimates of net migration. More recently a combination of direct and indirect techniques has made it possible to estimate international migration flows. This question represents a methodological challenge and represents an opportunity to understand important aspects of the dynamics of migration in Brazil. Few studies, however, have dealt with the development and improvement of methods and techniques aimed at estimating analytical categories such as international emigration. The main objective of this paper is therefore to provide estimates of international emigration of Brazilians by sex, age and state during the second half of the 1990s, by applying the Census Survival Ratio Method.
Explicating the Complexity of Participative Management: An Investigation of Multiple Dimensions

The present study aimed to refine the participative management concept in schools by adopting a multidimensional approach. Specifically, the author examined simultaneously five dimensions of participative management: decision domain, degree of participation, structure, target of participation, and rationale. The data were obtained from a sample of 99 elementary school principals. The results of the present study highlight the readiness of principals to utilize participative approaches to decision making mainly out of pragmatic motives to achieve valued organizational results. Principals tended to involve teachers more in the technical domain than in the managerial domain mostly by using consultative methods of participation, and they preferred to include teachers based on their motivation rather than their expertise. The findings suggest that participative management is a complex concept that consists of several dependent yet distinct dimensions; therefore, its conceptualization and operationalization should be examined by themselves, before an investigation of their antecedents and consequences.
Constantinos Kardaras Valuation and parities for exchange options

Valuation and parities for both European-style and American-style exchange options are presented in a general financial model allowing for jumps, the possibility of default, and “bubbles” in asset prices. The formulas are given via expectations of auxiliary probabilities using the change-of-numéraire technique. Extensive discussion is provided regarding the way that folklore results such as Merton’s no-early-exercise theorem and traditional parities have to be altered in this more versatile framework.
Blinking and corneal sensitivity

Abstract. We have investigated the relationship between corneal sensitivity and blinking patterns. Using a group of 9 young normal subjects, measurements were made of blink patterns, central and peripheral corneal sensitivity and lid margin sensitivity both before and after use of topical corneal anaesthetic, proxymetacaine hydrochloride (Alcaine). Blink patterns were recorded through concealed filming and were later analysed in terms of blink frequency and the type of blinks (proportion of complete, incomplete, twitch and forced blinks). Blink rate was significantly lower following anaesthetic administration, but the relative proportion of blink types remained unchanged. We speculate that one of the factors responsible for normal involuntary blinks is the imminent break‐up of the tear film which is sensed by the cornea.
Soft-DTW: a Differentiable Loss Function for Time-Series

We propose in this paper a differentiable learning loss between time series, building upon the celebrated dynamic time warping (DTW) discrepancy. Unlike the Euclidean distance, DTW can compare time series of variable size and is robust to shifts or dilatations across the time dimension. To compute DTW, one typically solves a minimal-cost alignment problem between two time series using dynamic programming. Our work takes advantage of a smoothed formulation of DTW, called soft-DTW, that computes the soft-minimum of all alignment costs. We show in this paper that soft-DTW is a differentiable loss function, and that both its value and gradient can be computed with quadratic time/space complexity (DTW has quadratic time but linear space complexity). We show that this regularization is particularly well suited to average and cluster time series under the DTW geometry, a task for which our proposal significantly outperforms existing baselines. Next, we propose to tune the parameters of a machine that outputs time series by minimizing its fit with ground-truth labels in a soft-DTW sense.
Excess Soluble CD40L Contributes to Blood Brain Barrier Permeability In Vivo: Implications for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders

Despite the use of anti-retroviral therapies, a majority of HIV-infected individuals still develop HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND), indicating that host inflammatory mediators, in addition to viral proteins, may be contributing to these disorders. Consistently, we have previously shown that levels of the inflammatory mediator soluble CD40L (sCD40L) are elevated in the circulation of HIV-infected, cognitively impaired individuals as compared to their infected, non-impaired counterparts. Recent studies from our group suggest a role for the CD40/CD40L dyad in blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability and interestingly, sCD40L is thought to regulate BBB permeability in other inflammatory disorders of the CNS. Using complementary multiphoton microscopy and quantitative analyses in wild-type and CD40L deficient mice, we now reveal that the HIV transactivator of transcription (Tat) can induce BBB permeability in a CD40L-dependent manner. This permeability of the BBB was found to be the result of aberrant platelet activation induced by Tat, since depletion of platelets prior to treatment reversed Tat-induced BBB permeability. Furthermore, Tat treatment led to an increase in granulocyte antigen 1 (Gr1) positive monocytes, indicating an expansion of the inflammatory subset of cells in these mice, which were found to adhere more readily to the brain microvasculature in Tat treated animals. Exploring the mechanisms by which the BBB becomes compromised during HIV infection has the potential to reveal novel therapeutic targets, thereby aiding in the development of adjunct therapies for the management of HAND, which are currently lacking.
Settler nationalism, collective memories of violence and the ‘uncanny other’

Focusing on representations of violence in the national past among a hegemonic group of self proclaimed left‐wing, liberal Israeli Jews, this article illustrates one of the ways in which the settler colonial project is supported by such representations. In particular, the article theorises the ‘uncanny absence’ of the Palestinian/Arab ‘other’ in this nationalist imagination, arguing that the liberal sensibilities (political correctness) of these Israelis combined with the ongoing violent struggles and dispossession result in a particular articulation that fantasises a removal of the local population, often without force, but somehow magically. The essay makes comparisons between this inscription of nationalism, earlier Zionist expressions and similar circumstances in Australia, arguing that this expression of ‘uncanny absence’ may be indicative of a settler imagination more generally. The article shows the processes and techniques involved in presenting the past in a kibbutz‐affiliated high school history classroom and during a field trip to a museum commemorating the 1948 war, illustrating the character of the nation that is constituted, and the silences and absences that are present.
The interaction of carcinogenic hydrocarbons with tissues. V. Some structural requirements for binding of 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene.

1. Sixteen C14-labeled derivatives of 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene (DBA), with substituent groups either in the 9,10-positions (L region) or on the phenanthrene double bonds (K regions), and 2-phenylphenanthrene-3,2′-dicarboxylic acid-1,4-C14 (PDA) have been synthesized. 2. The amount of protein-bound radioactivity in mouse skin was measured at various times after a single topical application of the C14-labeled compounds. Relative to DBA, the following derivatives were bound to a considerably lesser extent: 3-acetoxy-, 3,4-dihydro-3,4-diacetoxy-, 3,7-dimethoxy-, 3,4,7,8-tetramethoxy-, 9-acetoxy, 9,10-diacetoxy-, 9,10-dimethoxy-, and 9,10-dimethyl-DBA, as well as DBA-3,4- and 9,10-quinones and PDA. The 3,4-dihydroxy-3, 4-dihyro-, 3-hydroxy-, 3-methoxy-, 3,4-dimethoxy-, and 9-methoxy-DBA derivatives were bound to approximately the same extent as DBA. 3. The radioactivity from the compounds investigated was present in the skin in excess of the amounts bound to protein and in amounts comparable to that from DBA. Thus, binding of a compound was a function not of the amount present in the skin, but of its chemical structure. 4. For binding, the intact aromatic dibenzanthracene ring system is necessary. The presence of substituents in one K region may cause a shift of binding to the second K region or binding may take place through the L region. “Blocking” both K regions reduces or prevents binding. 5. The rates of reaction with osmium tetroxide of some of the compounds were studied to compare the electron densities at the K region. 6. An interpretation for the binding results obtained is advanced based on theoretical considerations.
Relational factors affecting dog social attraction to human partners

We previously showed (Kotrschal et al., 2009) that owner personality and human–dog relationship predicted the performance of a human–dog dyad in a practical task. Based on the same data set we presently investigate the effects of individual and social factors on the social attraction of dogs to their owners. Twenty-two male and female owners and their intact male dogs were observed during a “picture viewing” test, where we diverted the owner’s attention away from their dog whilst it was permitted to move freely around the room. Owner personality axis “neuroticism” and dog personality axis “vocal and aggressive” were, respectively, positively and negatively related to the time the dog stayed in proximity to the owner. Quality of relationship and attachment also had significant effects on this proximity. We conclude that personality and the nature of the human–dog relationship may all influence dogs’ social attraction to their owners. Keywords: companion animals; dog–human attachment; dyadic relationships; human-animal interactions; human–dog attachment; human–dog relationship; human–dog social interactions; personality; pets
Science Without Laws

During the 1970s, something deeply consequential happened in the cultural, economic, and social relationships between science and technology. Paul Forman has proposed that the abrupt reversal of the culturally ascribed primacy in the science-technology relationship circa 1980 be taken as a demarcation of postmodernity from modernity. Modernity’s most basic cultural presuppositions—the superiority of theory to practice, the elevation of the public over the private and that of the disinterested over the interested, and the belief that the means sanctify the ends—were ascribed to science. In postmodernity, science is subsumed under technology, and the status of technology relative to science reflects our pragmatic-utilitarian subordination of means to ends. These cultural changes have resonated with deep epistemological and ontological changes within the sciences themselves, and all these have manifested themselves in universities becoming entrepreneurial, and the consequences thereof. Science Without Laws insightfully illustrates some of the changes within the life and human sciences by analyzing the role played by model systems and case studies.
Discrepancies between parent- and adolescent-perceived problem severity and influences on help seeking from mental health services

Objectives: Attitudinal and practical barriers prevent many young people who are experiencing mental health problems from seeking professional help. The influence of others can help young people to overcome barriers to help seeking. Understanding the relative influence of parents and others on the help-seeking decision and the extent of parent–child agreement on the severity of the young person’s problems, may be helpful in facilitating intake processes in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). Methods: One hundred and nineteen parent–child (14–18-years-old) dyads attending an initial appointment at a Sydney and regional CAMHS completed the parent and youth Strength and Difficulties Questionnaires (SDQs) prior to their assessment interview. Parents and children also answered three equivalent questions on sources of influence in their decision to access services. Results: Ninety-four per cent of young people reported that others had influenced their decision to access help, with parents being the strongest influence. Higher levels of parental influence in the help-seeking process were related to greater disagreement between parent and child on the severity of the problems. Parent and child ratings of influence were related to the severity of externalizing problems. Conclusion: The findings are consistent with models that highlight help seeking as a social process involving high degrees of influence particularly from parents. Referral sources and clinicians need to be aware of the effects of discrepant views between parent and child regarding the presenting problem. To facilitate joint therapy it may be helpful for clinicians to address the level of influence involved in having the young person attend their first appointment with parents and children.
Separating the Press and the Public

This article analyzes testimony before four Congressional subcommittees, between 1972 and 1975, on a proposed federal shield law. it is argued that within the testimony the press articulates a public, professional mission, but it fails to clearly define who qualifies for protection as a journalist. Following Jurgen Habermas's idea of communicative ethics, it is suggested that the testimony reveals how closely journalism is tied to the public sphere, but also how questions of journalistic practice are raised outside of that public sphere.
Analysis of lapine cartilage matrix after radiosynovectomy with holmium-166 ferric hydroxide macroaggregate

Objective: To study the short and long term effects of radiosynovectomy on articular cartilage in growing and mature rabbits. Methods: The articular cartilage of the distal femurs of rabbits was examined four days, two months, and one year after radiosynovectomy with holmium-166 ferric hydroxide macroaggregate ([166Ho]FHMA). Arthritic changes were evaluated from histological sections by conventional and polarised light microscopy, and glycosaminoglycan measurements using safranin O staining, digital densitometry, and uronic acid determination. Proteoglycan synthesis was studied by metabolic [35]sulphate labelling followed by autoradiography, and electrophoretic analysis of extracted proteoglycans. Northern analyses were performed to determine the mRNA levels of type II collagen, aggrecan, and Sox9 in cartilage samples. Results: Radiosynovectomy had no major effect on the histological appearance of articular cartilage in mature rabbits, whereas more fibrillation was seen in [166Ho]FHMA radiosynovectomised knee joints of growing rabbits two months after treatment, but not after one year. Radiosynovectomy did not cause changes in the glycosaminoglycan content of cartilage or in the synthesis or chemical structure of proteoglycans. No radiosynovectomy related changes were seen in the mRNA levels of type II collagen, whereas a transient down regulation of aggrecan and Sox9 mRNA levels was seen in young rabbits two months after [166Ho]FHMA radiosynovectomy. Conclusions: [166Ho]FHMA radiosynovectomy caused no obvious chondrocyte damage or osteoarthritic changes in mature rabbits, but in growing rabbits some transient radiation induced effects were seen—for example, mild cartilage fibrillation and down regulation of cartilage-specific genes.
Employment Time and the Cyclicality of Earnings Growth

We study how idiosyncratic earnings risk evolves over the business cycle in Italy and in the US. We distinguish between two sources of risk to annual earnings growth: changes in employment time (number of weeks of employment within a year) and changes in weekly earnings. Shocks to employment generate the tail distribution of annual earnings growth and account for the increased risk in recessions. In particular, an increase in the rate of separation and a decrease in the rate of hiring are responsible for the skewed annual earnings growth distribution observed in recessions. In contrast, the cross-sectional distribution of weekly earnings growth is relatively stable over the business cycle and exhibits little skewness. Thus, models that rely on cyclical idiosyncratic risk, should focus on cyclical employment risk rather than on cyclical wage risk.
Matching impact evaluation design to the nature of the intervention and the purpose of the evaluation

Appropriate impact evaluation design requires situational responsiveness – matching the design to the needs, constraints, and opportunities of the particular case. The design needs to reflect the nature of the intervention and the purposes of the impact evaluation. In particular, impact evaluation needs to address simple, complicated, and complex aspects of the intervention. Simple aspects can be tightly specified and standardised; complicated aspects work as part of a causal package; complex aspects are appropriately dynamic and adaptive. Different designs are recommended for each case, including RCT, regression discontinuity, unstructured community interviews, Participatory Performance Story Reporting, and developmental evaluation.
SP-R210 (Myo18A) Isoforms as Intrinsic Modulators of Macrophage Priming and Activation

The surfactant protein (SP-A) receptor SP-R210 has been shown to increase phagocytosis of SP-A-bound pathogens and to modulate cytokine secretion by immune cells. SP-A plays an important role in pulmonary immunity by enhancing opsonization and clearance of pathogens and by modulating macrophage inflammatory responses. Alternative splicing of the Myo18A gene results in two isoforms: SP-R210S and SP-R210L, with the latter predominantly expressed in alveolar macrophages. In this study we show that SP-A is required for optimal expression of SP-R210L on alveolar macrophages. Interestingly, pre-treatment with SP-A prepared by different methods either enhances or suppresses responsiveness to LPS, possibly due to differential co-isolation of SP-B or other proteins. We also report that dominant negative disruption of SP-R210L augments expression of receptors including SR-A, CD14, and CD36, and enhances macrophages’ inflammatory response to TLR stimulation. Finally, because SP-A is known to modulate CD14, we used a variety of techniques to investigate how SP-R210 mediates the effect of SP-A on CD14. These studies revealed a novel physical association between SP-R210S, CD14, and SR-A leading to an enhanced response to LPS, and found that SP-R210L and SP-R210S regulate internalization of CD14 via distinct macropinocytosis-like mechanisms. Together, our findings support a model in which SP-R210 isoforms differentially regulate trafficking, expression, and activation of innate immune receptors on macrophages.