Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lower Rate of Cardiovascular Complications in Patients on Bolus Insulin Analogues: A Retrospective Population-Based Cohort Study

Background Few studies are available evaluating the impact of rapid-acting insulin analogues on long-term diabetes outcomes. Our aim was to compare the use of rapid-acting insulin analogues versus human regular insulin in relation to the occurrence of diabetic complications in a cohort of diabetic patients through the analysis of administrative databases. Methods A population-based cohort study was conducted using administrative data from four local health authorities in the Abruzzo Region (900,000 inhabitants). Diabetic patients free of macrovascular disease at baseline and treated either with human regular insulin or rapid-acting insulin analogues were followed for a maximum of 3 years. The incidence of diabetic complications was ascertained by hospital discharge claims. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of any diabetic complication and macrovascular, microvascular and metabolic complications were estimated separately using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for patients’ characteristics and anti-diabetic drug use. Propensity score matching was also used to adjust for significant difference in the baseline characteristics between the two treatment groups. Results A total of 2,286 patients were included: 914 receiving human regular insulin and 1,372 rapid-acting insulin analogues. During the follow-up, 286 (31.3%) incident events occurred in the human regular insulin group and 235 (17.1%) in the rapid-acting insulin analogue group. After propensity score-based matched-pair analyses, rapid-acting insulin analogues users had a HR of 0.73 (0.58–0.92) for any diabetes-related complication and HRs of 0.73 (0.55–0.93) and 0.55 (0.32–0.96) for macrovascular and metabolic complications respectively, as compared with human regular insulin users. No difference between the two groups was found for microvascular complications. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the use of rapid-acting insulin analogues is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular and metabolic complications compared with human regular insulin use.
From trans-methylation to cytosine methylation: Evolution of the methylation hypothesis of schizophrenia

The role of methylation in the history of psychiatry has traversed a storied path. The original trans-methylation hypothesis was proposed at a time when chlorpromazine had been synthesized but not yet marketed as an antipsychotic (Thorazine). The premise was that abnormal metabolism led to the methylation of biogenic amines in the brains of schizophrenia patients and that these hallucinogenic compounds produced positive symptoms of the disease. At the time, some psychiatrists were interested in drugs such as mescaline and lysergic acid diethylamide that replicated clinical symptoms. They understood that these compounds might provide a biological basis for psychosis. The amino acid methionine (MET) was given to patients in the hopes of confiriming the transmethylation hypothesis. However with time, many realized that the hunt for an endogenous psychotropic compound would remain elusive. We now believe that the MET studies may have produced a toxic reaction in susceptible patients by disrupting epigenetic regulation in the brain. The focus of the current review is on the coordinate regulation of multiple promoters expressed in neurons that may be modulated through methylation. While certainly the identification of genes and promoters regulated epigenetically has been steadily increasing over the years, there have been few studies that examine methylation changes as a consequence of increased levels of a dietary amino acid such as methionine (MET). We suggest that the MET mouse model may provide information regarding the identification of genes that are regulated by epigenetic perturbations. In addition to our studies with the reelin and GAD67 promoters, we also have evidence that additional promoters expressed in select neurons of the brain are similarly affected by MET administration. We suggest that to expand our knowledge of epigenetically-responsive promoters using MET might allow for a better appreciation of global methylation changes occurring in selected brain regions.
The galaxy luminosity function from MR = −25 to MR = −9

Redshift surveys such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) have given a very precise measurement of the galaxy luminosity function down to about M R = -17 ( M B = -16). Fainter absolute magnitudes cannot be probed because of the flux limit required for spectroscopy. Wide-field surveys of nearby groups using mosaic CCDs on large telescopes are able to reach much fainter absolute magnitudes, about M R = -10. These diffuse, spiral-rich groups are thought to be typical environments for galaxies, so their luminosity functions should be the same as the field luminosity function. The luminosity function of the groups at the bright end (M R < -17) is limited by Poisson statistics and is far less precise than that derived from redshift surveys. Here we combine the results of the SDSS and the surveys of nearby groups, and we supplement the results with studies of Local Group galaxies in order to determine the galaxy luminosity function over the entire range -25 < M R < -9. The average logarithmic slope of the field luminosity function between M R = -19 and M R = -9 is a = -1.26, although a single power law is a poor fit to the data over the entire magnitude range. We also determine the luminosity function of galaxy clusters and demonstrate that it is different from the field luminosity function at a high level of significance; there are many more dwarf galaxies in clusters than in the field, due to a rise in the cluster luminosity function of α ∼ -1.6 between M R = -17 and M R = -14.
Whose ‘Crisis in Language’? Translating and the Futurity of Foreign Language Learning

Author(s): Gramling, David J; Warner, Chantelle | Abstract: This contribution questions to whom and to whose learning experience has the idiom of crisis that so pervades the domain of U.S. foreign language teaching been addressed. The authors report on an advanced foreign language classroom-based study from 2013, in which undergraduate German learners translated a 14-page prose poem about translingual experience—“Das Klangtal” (“The Sound Valley”) by British-Austrian poet and translator Peter Waterhouse (2003). The course—located at a university in the American Southwest—created an opportunity for the students and the instructor to reflect on a constellation of relations—transdisciplinarity, translingualism, and transcontextuality—often perceived under the aegis of a “crisis” of the subject. Through an analysis of the students’ reflections as translators, readers, and languagers, the study considers the different orders of recognition by which the learners in this class positioned themselves as multilingual subjects. Based on this case study, the authors argue that transdisciplinary practices and translingual pedagogies such as translation can and should be integrated into L2 classrooms in order to create opportunities for collaborative reflective practice between teachers and learners, which would enable educators to step out of their own habitual ways of speaking about foreign language learning.
On improving voice capacity in 802.11 infrastructure networks

In this paper we consider voice calls in 802.11e infrastructure mode networks. We demonstrate that in standard 802.11 WLANs it is throttling of voice traffic at the access point that is the primary limitation on voice call capacity. We demonstrate that a straightforward 802.11e prioritisation strategy avoids this throttling and yields close to the theoretical maximum call capacity.
The COSMOS-[O ii] survey: evolution of electron density with star formation rate

Star-forming galaxies at $z > 1$ exhibit significantly different properties to local galaxies of equivalent stellar mass. Not only are high-redshift star-forming galaxies characterized by higher star formation rates and gas fractions than their local counterparts, they also appear to host star-forming regions with significantly different physical conditions, including greater electron densities. To understand what physical mechanisms are responsible for the observed evolution of star-forming conditions we have assembled the largest sample of star-forming galaxies at $z\sim 1.5$ with emission-line measurements of the $\mathrm{[OII]} \lambda \lambda 3726,3729$ doublet. By comparing our $z\sim 1.5$ sample to local galaxy samples with equivalent distributions of stellar mass, star formation rate and specific star formation rate we investigate the proposed evolution in electron density and its dependence on global properties. We measure an average electron density of $114_{-27}^{+28} \, \mathrm {cm}^{-3} $ for our $z\sim 1.5$ sample, a factor of five greater than the typical electron density of local star-forming galaxies. However, we find no offset between the typical electron densities of local and high-redshift galaxies with equivalent star-formation rates. Our work indicates that the average electron density of a sample is highly sensitive to the star formation rates, implying that the previously observed evolution is mainly the result of selection effects.
Low-Latency Digit-Serial and Digit-Parallel Systolic Multipliers for Large Binary Extension Fields

For cryptographic algorithms, such as elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA) and pairing algorithm, the crypto-processors are required to perform large number of additions and multiplications over finite fields of large orders. To have a balanced trade-off between space complexity and time complexity, in this paper, novel digit-serial and digit-parallel systolic structures are presented for computing multiplication over GF(2m). Based on novel decomposition algorithm, we have derived an efficient digit-serial systolic architecture, which involves latency of O(√{m/d}) clock cycles, while the existing digit-serial systolic multipliers involve at least O(m/d) latency for digit-size d. The proposed digit-serial design could be used for AESP-based fields with the same digit-size as the case of trinomial-based fields with a small increase in area. We have also proposed digit-parallel systolic architecture employing n-term Karatsuba-like method, where the latency can be reduced from O(√{m/d}) to O(√{m/nd}). This feature would be a major advantage for implementing multiplication for the fields of large orders. From synthesis results, it is shown that the proposed architectures have significantly lower time complexity, lower area-delay product, and higher bit-throughput than the existing digit-serial multipliers.
A comprehensive analysis of 3′ end sequencing data sets reveals novel polyadenylation signals and the repressive role of heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein C on cleavage and polyadenylation

Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a general mechanism of transcript diversification in mammals, which has been recently linked to proliferative states and cancer. Different 3’ untranslated region (3’ UTR) isoforms interact with different RNA binding proteins (RBPs), which modify the stability, translation, and subcellular localization of the corresponding transcripts. Although the heterogeneity of pre-mRNA 3’ end processing has been established with high-throughput approaches, the mechanisms that underlie systematic changes in 3’ UTR lengths remain to be characterized. Through a uniform analysis of a large number of 3’ end sequencing data sets we have uncovered 18 signals, 6 of which novel, whose positioning with respect to pre-mRNA cleavage sites indicates a role in pre-mRNA 3’ end processing in both mouse and human. With 3’ end sequencing we have demonstrated that the heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein C (HNRNPC), which binds the poly(U) motif whose frequency also peaks in the vicinity of polyadenylation (poly(A)) sites, has a genome-wide effect on poly(A) site usage. HNRNPC-regulated 3’ UTRs are enriched in ELAV-like RNA binding protein 1 (ELAVL1) binding sites and include those of the CD47 molecule (CD47) gene, which participate in the recently discovered mechanism of 3’ UTR-dependent protein localization (UDPL). Our study thus establishes an up-to-date, high-confidence catalog of 3’ end processing sites and poly(A) signals and it uncovers an important role of HNRNPC in regulating 3’ end processing. It further suggests that U-rich elements mediate interactions with multiple RBPs that regulate different stages in a transcript’s life cycle.
Beyond the realm of noun and verb: the cognitive lexicon of the young child

Most studies of early lexical development are focused on the acquisition of the noun or verb categories. Only studies targeting the very beginning of word production describe the rich pattern of reference and expressive words produced by very young children. Still, during their second year, childrens production in tokens contains as many words that are not nouns and verbs than words that are. The importance of categories such as communicators, adverbs, pointers and adjectives never decreases, neither in English nor in French children between the age of 1;6 to 2;6. A cross-linguistic comparison shows that the same type of words is the most frequent in English and French children, while a comparison with adult production shows that, in neither language, do the words produced by children match exactly the words they hear most frequently. The difference in the syntactic structure of English and French argues strongly for a cognitive origin to this close match of the childrens words. These words other than nouns and verbs are more complex than they appear, because they cover a whole range of reference principles  direct reference, indirect reference, shared reference, generic reference, multiple reference, ambiguity, similarity, repetition, absence of , as well as a wide range of expressive meanings. This type of words appears and grows throughout the childrens second year and provides the basic stones for further lexicon and syntax development.
KEPEMIMPINAN DAN BUDAYA MADRASAH

Madrasah efektif dikelola sesuai dengan desain kurikulum, strategi pembelajaran dan hubungan timbal balik dari masyarakat madrasah, sebagai pemecah masalah untuk mensinkronisasi tujuan dalam visi dan misi madrasah. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai kontribusi kepemimpinan keilahian-nilai berbasis pada budaya madrasah di 73 Madrasah Aliyah Negeri dan Swasta di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah 810 responden dengan sampel 229 responden dari 73 Madrasah Aliyah Negeri dan Swasta di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya, dengan menunjuk kepala sekolah, komite sekolah, dan guru sebagai sumber data. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Kepemimpinan Kepala madrasah memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap budaya madrasah. Untuk meningkatkan budaya madrasah, perlu untuk membumikan budaya tafaquh fiddin berdasarkan nilai-nilai filosofi Hurriyyah. Effective madrasa is managed in accordance with the curriculum design, learning strategy and reciprocal relationship from the madrasa community, as the problem solver to synchronize the objectives in the vision and mission of the madrasa. The main objective of this study was to assess the contribution of divinity-value-based leadership on madrasa culture at 73 Public and Private Madrasa Aliya in Tasikmalaya Regency. The population are 810 respondents with sample size of 229 respondents from 73 Public and Private Madrasas Aliyah in Tasiklmalaya Regency, with headmaster, school committee, and teachers as data sources. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using path analysis. The results showed that: the Headmaster Leadership has a significant influence on the madrasa culture. To improve the madrasa culture, it is necessary to perpetuate the culture of tafaquh fiddin based on the hurriyah philosophy.
Reassortment between Avian H5N1 and Human Influenza Viruses Is Mainly Restricted to the Matrix and Neuraminidase Gene Segments

Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses have devastated the poultry industry in many countries of the eastern hemisphere. Occasionally H5N1 viruses cross the species barrier and infect humans, sometimes with a severe clinical outcome. When this happens, there is a chance of reassortment between H5N1 and human influenza viruses. To assess the potential of H5N1 viruses to reassort with contemporary human influenza viruses (H1N1, H3N2 and pandemic H1N1), we used an in vitro selection method to generate reassortant viruses, that contained the H5 hemagglutinin gene, and that have a replication advantage in vitro. We found that the neuraminidase and matrix gene segments of human influenza viruses were preferentially selected by H5 viruses. However, these H5 reassortant viruses did not show a marked increase in replication in MDCK cells and human bronchial epithelial cells. In ferrets, inoculation with a mixture of H5N1-pandemic H1N1 reassortant viruses resulted in outgrowth of reassortant H5 viruses that had incorporated the neuraminidase and matrix gene segment of pandemic 2009 H1N1. This virus was not transmitted via aerosols or respiratory droplets to naïve recipient ferrets. Altogether, these data emphasize the potential of avian H5N1 viruses to reassort with contemporary human influenza viruses. The neuraminidase and matrix gene segments of human influenza viruses showed the highest genetic compatibility with HPAI H5N1 virus.
Green It Strategies: A Case Study-Based Framework For Aligning Green It With Competitive Environmental Strategies

Green Information Technology (IT) has become an imp ortant topic in IT management research and practice in the last years due to economic opportun ities and increasing pressure from stakeholders. However, many IT organisations fail to manage their environmental efforts in an adequate manner since they neglect the strategic aspects of this to pic. This paper reveals the strategic relevance of Green IT on the basis of a literature review that r efers to fundamental approaches of Strategic Management and Information Systems research and emp hasizes the necessity of aligning business, sustainability, and IT domain. The argumentation is accentuated by a multiple-case study that analyses the Green IT implementation practices of f our companies on the basis of semi-structured interviews. The findings of the cross-case analysis indicate that there is no consistent approach for aligning Green IT with corporate sustainability goa ls and business objectives so far. To close this research gap, we conceptualise a Strategic Green IT Alignment Framework and identify four distinct Green IT strategies. The suggested framework is sup posed to provide guidance for decision-makers in selecting an appropriate Green IT strategy that con tributes to the achievement of corporate sustainability targets and leverages competitivenes s.
Lung Adenocarcinoma of Never Smokers and Smokers Harbor Differential Regions of Genetic Alteration and Exhibit Different Levels of Genomic Instability

Recent evidence suggests that the observed clinical distinctions between lung tumors in smokers and never smokers (NS) extend beyond specific gene mutations, such as EGFR, EML4-ALK, and KRAS, some of which have been translated into targeted therapies. However, the molecular alterations identified thus far cannot explain all of the clinical and biological disparities observed in lung tumors of NS and smokers. To this end, we performed an unbiased genome-wide, comparative study to identify novel genomic aberrations that differ between smokers and NS. High resolution whole genome DNA copy number profiling of 69 lung adenocarcinomas from smokers (n = 39) and NS (n = 30) revealed both global and regional disparities in the tumor genomes of these two groups. We found that NS lung tumors had a greater proportion of their genomes altered than those of smokers. Moreover, copy number gains on chromosomes 5q, 7p, and 16p occurred more frequently in NS. We validated our findings in two independently generated public datasets. Our findings provide a novel line of evidence distinguishing genetic differences between smoker and NS lung tumors, namely, that the extent of segmental genomic alterations is greater in NS tumors. Collectively, our findings provide evidence that these lung tumors are globally and genetically different, which implies they are likely driven by distinct molecular mechanisms.
Radiative Transfer Modeling of the Accretion Flow onto a Star-forming Core in W51

We present an analysis of the temperature, density, and velocity of the molecular gas in the star-forming core around W51 e2. We summarize the kinematic evidence that implies that the core around e2 is contracting onto a young massive star. The current paper presents a technique for modeling the three-dimensional structure of the core by simulating spectral line images of the source and comparing those images with observed data. The primary conclusions of this work are that the molecular gas in e2 is radially contracting at about 5 km s-1 and that the temperature and density of the gas decrease outward over 0.15 pc scales. The simple model of the collapse of the singular isothermal sphere for low-mass star formation is an inadequate description of this high-mass molecular core; better models have temperature ∝r-0.6, density ∝r-2, and velocity ∝r+0.1. The core appears to be spherical rather than disklike at the scale of these observations, 0.3 pc. In this paper we show how a series of models of gradually increasing complexity can be used to investigate the sensitivity of the model to its parameters. Major sources of uncertainty for this method and this data set are the interdependence of temperature and density, the assumed NH3 abundance, the distance uncertainty, and the flux calibration of the data.
Amputations and socioeconomic position among persons with diabetes mellitus, a population-based register study

Objective Low socioeconomic position is a known health risk. Our study aims to evaluate the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and lower limb amputations among persons with diabetes mellitus. Design Population-based register study. Setting Finland, nationwide individual-level data. Participants All persons in Finland with any record of diabetes in the national health and population registers from 1991 to 2007 (FinDM II database). Methods Three outcome indicators were measured: the incidence of first major amputation, the ratio of first minor/major amputations and the 2-year survival with preserved leg after the first minor amputation. SEP was measured using income fifths. The data were analysed using Poisson and Cox regression as well as age-standardised ratios. Results The risk ratio of the first major amputation in the lowest SEP group was 2.16 (95% CI 1.95 to 2.38) times higher than the risk in the highest SEP group (p<0.001). The incidence of first major amputation decreased by more than 50% in all SEP groups from 1993 to 2007, but there was a stronger relative decrease in the highest compared with the lowest SEP group (p=0.0053). Likewise, a clear gradient was detected in the ratio of first minor/major amputations: the higher the SEP group, the higher the ratio. After the first minor amputation, the 2-year and 10-year amputation-free survival rates were 55.8% and 9.3% in the lowest and 78.9% and 32.3% in the highest SEP group, respectively. Conclusions According to all indicators used, lower SEP was associated with worse outcomes in the population with diabetes. Greater attention should be paid to prevention of diabetes complications, adherence to treatment guidelines and access to the established pathways for early expert assessment when diabetic complications arise, with a special attention to patients from lower SEP groups.