Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of Traffic Intent Information by Autonomous Aircraft in Constrained Operations

This paper presents findings of a research study designed to provide insight into the issue of intent information exchange in constrained en-route air-traffic operations and its effect on pilot decision-making and flight performance. The piloted simulation was conducted in the Air Traffic Operations Laboratory at the NASA Langley Research Center. Two operational modes for autonomous flight management were compared under conditions of low and high operational complexity (traffic and airspace hazard density). The tactical mode was characterized primarily by the use of traffic state data for conflict detection and resolution and a manual approach to meeting operational constraints. The strategic mode involved the combined use of traffic state and intent information, provided the pilot an additional level of alerting, and allowed an automated approach to meeting operational constraints. Operational constraints applied in the experiment included separation assurance, schedule adherence, airspace hazard avoidance, flight efficiency, and passenger comfort. The strategic operational mode was found to be effective in reducing unnecessary maneuvering in conflict situations where the intruder's intended maneuvers would resolve the conflict. Conditions of high operational complexity and vertical maneuvering resulted in increased proliferation of conflicts, but both operational modes exhibited characteristics of stability based on observed conflict proliferation rates of less than 30 percent. Scenario case studies illustrated the need for maneuver flight restrictions to prevent the creation of new conflicts through maneuvering and the need for an improved user interface design that appropriately focuses the pilot's attention on conflict prevention information. Pilot real-time assessment of maximum workload indicated minimal sensitivity to operational complexity, providing further evidence that pilot workload is not the limiting factor for feasibility of an en-route distributed traffic management system, even under highly constrained conditions.
Selective information processing in hypnotic identity delusion: the impact of time of encoding and retrieval

This experiment indexed the impact of hypnotic identity delusion on information processing. During hypnosis, high and low hypnotizable participants received a suggestion to become a same-sex friend (with opposite personality characteristics) and listened to a structured story about two characters with opposite personality characteristics. Importantly, half the participants encoded the story before the delusion suggestion and retrieved it after the suggestion, and half encoded the story after the delusion suggestion and retrieved it after cancellation. The majority of highs, but few lows, passed the suggestion and reported a compelling delusion experience. Of particular interest is that whereas lows' processing of the story was not influenced by the delusion suggestion or the time of encoding and retrieval (they recalled more than highs overall, identified with the story character consistent with their actual identity, and showed no selectivity in recall), highs' processing was influenced both by their delusional experience and the time of encoding and retrieval. Highs who encoded the story after the delusion suggestion identified with the character consistent with their suggested identity and retrieved more information about this character. In discussing these findings we consider the role of encoding vs. retrieval processes, the impact of current conceptions of self on information processing, and the relevance of this work to memory and clinical delusions. Copyright © 2008 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thorium-rich halo star HD 221170: Further evidence against the universality of the r-process

We report the abundance determination in the atmosphere of the bright halo star HD 221170. The spectra were taken with the Terskol Observatory's 2.0-m telescope with a resolution R = 45 000 and signal-to-noise ratio up to 250 in the wavelength region 3638-10 275 A. The adopted atmospheric parameters correspond to an effective temperature Teff = 4475 K, a surface gravity log g = 1.0, a microturbulent velocity vmicro = 1.7 km s −1 , and a macroturbulent velocity vmacro = 4k m s −1 . The abundances of 43 chemical elements were determined with the method of spectrum synthesis. The large overabundances (by 1 dex relative to iron) of elements with Z > 38 are shown to follow the same pattern as the solar r-abundances. The present HD 221170 analysis confirms the non-universality of the r-process, or more exactly the observation that the astrophysical sites hosting the r-process do not always lead to a unique relative abundance distribution for the bulk Ba to Hg elements, the Pb-peak elements, and the actinides.
Training grapheme to phoneme conversion in patients with oral reading and naming deficits: A model-based approach

A model-based treatment focused on improving grapheme to phoneme conversion as well as phoneme to grapheme conversion was implemented to train oral reading skills in two patients with severe oral reading and naming deficits. Initial assessment based on current cognitive neuropsychological models of naming indicated a deficit in the phonological output lexicon and in grapheme to phoneme conversion. Using a single subject experimental design across subjects, the effects of treatment were evaluated by periodic probing of both trained and untrained regular words across lexical tasks: oral reading, oral naming, written naming, and writing to dictation. Results indicated successful acquisition of trained reading targets for both patients, as well as generalisation to untrained reading items, oral and written naming of trained items, and writing to dictation of trained and untrained items. Irregular words probed across the four lexical tasks did not demonstrate any improvement, as the trained grapheme to phoneme conversion skills were unsuccessful when applied to irregular words. The present experiment provides evidence for incorporating cognitive neuropsychological models in aiding the development of appropriate treatment protocols, and demonstrates the importance of rule-based learning, rather than compensatory strategies, in maximising the effects of generalisation.
Parasitism may enhance rather than reduce the predatory impact of an invader

Invasive species can have profound impacts on communities and it is increasingly recognized that such effects may be mediated by parasitism. The ‘enemy release’ hypothesis posits that invaders may be successful and have high impacts owing to escape from parasitism. Alternatively, we hypothesize that parasites may increase host feeding rates and hence parasitized invaders may have increased community impacts. Here, we investigate the influence of parasitism on the predatory impact of the invasive freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex. Up to 70 per cent of individuals are infected with the acanthocephalan parasite Echinorhynchus truttae, but parasitized individuals were no different in body condition to those unparasitized. Parasitized individuals consumed significantly more prey (Asellus aquaticus; Isopoda) than did unparasitized individuals. Both parasitized and unparasitized individuals displayed Type-II functional responses (FRs), with the FR for parasitized individuals rising more steeply, with a higher asymptote, compared with unparasitized individuals. While the parasite reduced the fitness of individual females, we predict a minor effect on population recruitment because of low parasite prevalence in the peak reproductive period. The parasite thus has a large per capita effect on predatory rate but a low population fitness effect, and thus may enhance rather than reduce the impact of this invader.
Exploring Topical Lead-Lag across Corpora

Identifying which text corpus leads in the context of a topic presents a great challenge of considerable interest to researchers. Recent research into lead-lag analysis has mainly focused on estimating the overall leads and lags between two corpora. However, real-world applications have a dire need to understand lead-lag patterns both globally and locally. In this paper, we introduce TextPioneer, an interactive visual analytics tool for investigating lead-lag across corpora from the global level to the local level. In particular, we extend an existing lead-lag analysis approach to derive two-level results. To convey multiple perspectives of the results, we have designed two visualizations, a novel hybrid tree visualization that couples a radial space-filling tree with a node-link diagram and a twisted-ladder-like visualization. We have applied our method to several corpora and the evaluation shows promise, especially in support of text comparison at different levels of detail.
Performance and Perceptions of Brainstormers in an Organizational Setting

Employees of a corporation who had undergone considerable training for effective teamwork were asked to brainstorm about a job-relevant issue in groups of four or alone. One half of the groups brainstormed alone first, and the other half brainstormed as a group before brainstorming alone. Participants were also asked to rate their performance and indicate whether they would perform better in groups or alone on a brainstorming task. Consistent with past laboratory research, groups generated only about half as many ideas as a similar number of individuals (nominal group), and group brainstorming led to more favorable perceptions of individual performance. Participants also believed that they would brainstorm more effectively in a group than alone. These results indicate that productivity losses in brainstorming groups are not restricted to laboratory groups. Such losses occur even in groups who work together on a daily basis, have considerable training in group dynamics, and are dealing with a job-relevant issue. The sequence of alone to group brainstorming did not influence overall productivity. The relation of this research to that of facilitated and electronic brainstorming is discussed.
Hypoxia Induces Selective SAPK/JNK‐2‐AP‐1 Pathway Activation in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarii of the Conscious Rat

Abstract : In the nucleus tractus solitarii, NMDA glutamate receptors are critical to the hypoxic ventilatory response. However, the signal transduction pathways underlying the hypoxic ventilatory response remain undefined. To assess the effect of a moderate hypoxic stimulus (10% O2) on tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins in the nucleus tractus solitarii, tissue lysates were harvested by repeated punch sampling at 0, 1, 10, and 60 min of hypoxia and examined for the presence of phosphorylated tyrosine residues by immunoblotting. Time‐dependent phosphotyrosine increases occurred in proteins migrating at regions corresponding to molecular masses of 38‐42, 50, 55, and 60 kDa, which were attenuated by pretreatment with the NMDA receptor channel blocker, MK‐801. As extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (Erk) and stress‐activated protein kinase/c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) phosphorylation may induce Fos and Jun gene transcription and activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) DNA binding, the activation of Erk1, Erk2, p38, and SAPK/JNK was examined in the nucleus tractus solitarii and neocortex during hypoxia and following administration of MK‐801. Hypoxia enhanced Erk1, Erk2, and p38 activity in the cortex, but not in the nucleus tractus solitarii. Increased phosphorylation of SEK1 and SAPK/JNK‐2 occurred in the nucleus tractus solitarii during hypoxia, whereas both SAPK/JNK‐1 and SAPK/JNK‐2 were recruited in cortex. MK‐801 attenuated hypoxia‐induced SEK1, SAPK/JNK‐2, and AP‐1 binding in the nucleus tractus solitarii, and the widespread activation of all MAP kinases in the cortex was also attenuated. We conclude that in conscious rats, a moderate hypoxic stimulus elicits NMDA‐dependent widespread mitogenactivated protein kinase activation in cortex, but selective SAPK/JNK‐2 and AP‐1 activation in the nucleus tractus solitarii, thereby suggesting a functional role for the SAPK/JNK‐2‐AP‐1 pathway.
Coordinated affect with mothers and strangers: A longitudinal analysis of joint engagement between 5 and 9 months of age

The coordination of affect in joint attention was assessed in a longitudinal study of 5- to 9-month-old infants as they interacted with mothers and strangers. Results showed that the coordination of affect with joint attention looks increased reliably with age. In addition, context effects were found such that joint attention looks increased while interacting with strangers but not with mothers. The study demonstrates the emergence of joint engagement before the end of the first year, and suggests that affect may play a key role in aspects of joint attention that may be unique to humans.
Cultural Relevance of Adult Attachment

This study examined the cultural relevance of adult attachment within a Korean sample (N = 390) using Rasch rating scale modeling. The psychometric properties of scores from the Korean version of the Revised Experiences in Close Relationships, comprised of two subscales of Anxiety (self) and Avoidance (other), were assessed. Results obtained from separate analyses on each subscale showed that (a) most items measured one common construct, either anxiety or avoidance; (b) each subscale had high estimates of both person and item separation indices; and (c) the items measuring high levels of anxiety and avoidance may not be appropriate for the sample of Korean college students.
The influence of instructional method on students' achievement and mental effort: Systemic versus traditional approach in secondary organic chemistry teaching

Organic chemistry is the chemical discipline that many secondary school students find abstract and difficult. As a result, they learn organic chemistry concepts in a 'rote' way. Therefore, the first goal of this study was to examine whether the systemic approach, that implies the application of systemic synthesis questions, [SSynQs], as new instructional tools, could help students in overcoming these difficulties. The results of this study have shown that students from the experimental group, who were exposed to the new instructional method, achieved higher scores on final testing than students from the control group, who were taught by traditional method, when students' achievements in conventional linear questions, [LQs], and systemic synthesis question, [SSynQs], were evaluated. These findings were followed by the reduction of levels of invested mental effort of the students from experimental group, estimated during solving both types of test questions. Additionally, it was confirmed that students from both examined groups find systemic synthesis question, [SSynQs], more difficult to solve than linear questions, [LQs], achieving lower scores and perceiving higher levels of mental effort. These research findings were explained by completion problems effect which is often discussed within cognitive load theory. Having this in mind, the next step in our research would be to examine the influence of variability effect on students' ability to solve systemic synthesis question, [SSynQs].
High Prevalence/Low Severity Language Delay in Preschool Children Born Very Preterm

Objective: To examine the language development at corrected age 4 years of a regionally representative cohort of children born very preterm (VPT). Of particular interest was the identification of biological and socioenvironmental risk and protective factors that influence VPT children's early language development. Method: Data were collected as part of a prospective longitudinal study of 110 VPT (VPT: ≤33 weeks gestation) and 113 full-term children (full term: 37–41 weeks gestation) born in Canterbury, New Zealand from 1998 to 2000. At corrected age 4 years, all children were assessed with the preschool version of the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals. Extensive information was also collected about children's family social background, perinatal health, childrearing environment, education/intervention exposures, and neurodevelopmental progress from birth to age 4. Results: At the age of 4 years, VPT children were characterized by poorer receptive and expressive language development than full-term children. These differences persisted after exclusion of children with neurosensory impairment as well as statistical adjustment for the effects of social risk. Within the VPT group, the key predictors of children's overall language development were family social risk at birth (p =.05), severity of white matter abnormalities on neonatal magnetic resonance imaging (p =.49), observed parent-child synchrony (p =.001), and concurrent child cognitive ability (p =.001). Together, these factors accounted for 45% of the variance in children's total Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals—Preschool scores. Conclusion: By preschool age, children born VPT show early emerging mild to moderate language delays that are likely to affect their school success and longer-term developmental progress. Findings highlight the importance of potentially modifiable factors such as early brain injury and parenting quality in predicting the language outcomes of children born VPT.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and withdrawal symptoms: a review of the literature

There are accumulating reports of withdrawal symptoms emerging following the discontinuation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants. This report summarizes published reports, characterizes the withdrawal syndrome, discusses potential mechanisms of withdrawal, and makes recommendations for prevention and management. A computerized search was conducted using MEDLINE (1985–1996) to retrieve all case reports and pertinent studies of antidepressant withdrawal. A total of 46 case reports and two drug discontinuation studies were retrieved. All of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were implicated in withdrawal reactions with paroxetine most often cited in case reports. Withdrawal reactions were characterized most commonly by dizziness, fatigue/weakness, nausea, headache, myalgias and paresthesias. The occurrence of withdrawal did not appear to be related to dose or treatment duration. Symptoms generally appeared 1–4 days after drug discontinuation, and persisted for up to 25 days. Time of onset and duration of symptoms differed little among the agents. The pathophysiology/pharmacology of withdrawal is unclear but may involve multiple neurotransmitter systems. It is concluded that all of the SSRIs can produce withdrawal symptoms and if discontinued, they should be tapered over 1–2 weeks to minimize this possibility. Some patients may require a more extended tapering period. No specific treatment for severe withdrawal symptoms is recommended beyond reinstitution of the antidepressant with subsequent gradual tapering as tolerated. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PCR-RFLP of Staphylococcus aureus Coagulase Gene Isolated from Bovine Subclinical Mastitis

The present study was carried out to characterize Staphylococcus aureus isolated from subclinical cases of mastitis in cattle by PCR-RFLP using coagulase ( coa ) gene. In our study, 38 isolates of S. aureus recovered from Holstein-Friesian (H-F) crossbred and Rathi (a native breed) cattle with subclinical mastitis were subjected to coa gene amplification. Out of 38 isolates, 35 strains produced single amplicon of either 400, 490, 510, 550, 600, 710, 760, 810 or 850 bp while three isolates did not produce any coa amplicon. Subsequently, the products were digested with restriction enzyme Alu I for typing of coa gene. Results showed higher coa gene polymorphism of S. aureus isolated from native breed (eight coa types) as compared to that in H-F crossbred cattle (three coa types). The Alu restriction endonuclease generated four and seven RFLP patterns with isolates from H-F crossbred and Rathi cattle respectively. The RFLP patterns obtained from similar amplicons in isolates from these two breeds did not show any variation
The pedagogical effect of a health education application for deaf and hard of hearing students in elementary schools

Background Deaf or hard-of-hearing children experience difficulties in learning health principles. But technology has significantly improved their ability to learn. The challenge in e-learning is to design attractive applications while having an educational aspect. Objective The aims of this study were to determine the pedagogical effectiveness of a health education application for deaf and hard of hearing students in elementary schools, and to investigate the student’s perceptions in different educational grades about the educational effectiveness of the text, graphics, video clips, and animation in the application. Methods The study design was quasi experimental and was conducted in Mashhad in 2016. Study population were deaf or hard-of-hearing students in elementary schools. The intervention included health application training to deaf and hard-of-hearing students in Mashhad. A questionnaire was used for data gathering. The pedagogical effectiveness was determined by measuring the modified Adapted Pedagogical Index. This index was created based on the characteristics of the application and study population. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests with Bonferroni adjustment by SPSS 22. Results Eighty-two students participated in the intervention. The value of modified Adapted Pedagogical Index was 0.669, indicating that the application was effective. The results of Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann–Whitney U test showed significant differences in different educational grades. (p<0.008) Conclusion Using information technology can improve the education of deaf and hard-of-hearing students. Modified Adapted Pedagogical Index can be used for evaluation of non-interactive applications for elementary school children who are deaf or hard of hearing.
Exercise Capacity and Progression From Prehypertension to Hypertension

Prehypertension is likely to progress to hypertension. The rate of progression is determined mostly by age and resting blood pressure but may also be attenuated by increased fitness. A graded exercise test was performed in 2303 men with prehypertension at the Veterans Affairs Medical Centers in Washington, DC. Four fitness categories were defined, based on peak metabolic equivalents (METs) achieved. We assessed the association between exercise capacity and rate of progression to hypertension (HTN). The median follow-up period was 7.8 years (mean (± SD) 9.2±6.1 years). The incidence rate of progression from prehypertension to hypertension was 34.4 per 1000 person-years. Exercise capacity was a strong and independent predictor of the rate of progression. Compared to the High-Fit individuals (>10.0 METs), the adjusted risk for developing HTN was 66% higher (hazard ratio, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.2; P=0.001) for the Low-Fit and, similarly, 72% higher (hazard ratio, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.3; P=0.001) for the Least-Fit individuals, whereas it was only 36% for the Moderate-Fit (hazard ratio, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.80; P=0.056). Significant predictors for the progression to HTN were also age (19% per 10 years), resting systolic blood pressure (16% per 10 mm Hg), body mass index (15.3% per 5 U), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (2-fold). In conclusion, an inverse, S-shaped association was shown between exercise capacity and the rate of progression from prehypertension to hypertension in middle-aged and older male veterans. The protective effects of fitness were evident when exercise capacity exceeded 8.5 METs. These findings emphasize the importance of fitness in the prevention of hypertension.