Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Turbulence suppression by active control

It has recently been recognized that the non‐normality of the dynamical operator obtained by the linearization of the equations of motion about the strongly sheared background flow plays a central role in the dynamics of both fully developed turbulence and laminar/turbulent transition. This advance has led to the development of a deterministic theory for the role of coherent structures in shear turbulence as well as a stochastic theory for the maintenance of the turbulent state. In this work the theory of stochastically forced non‐normal dynamical systems is extended to explore the possibility of controlling the transition process and of suppressing fully developed shear turbulence. Modeling turbulence as a stochastically forced non‐normal dynamical system allows a great variety of control strategies to be explored and their physical mechanism understood. Two distinct active control mechanisms have been found to produce suppression of turbulent energy by up to 70%. A physical explanation of these effectiv.
Development and validation of the Subjective Recovery Assessment Scale for patients with schizophrenia

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Studies investigating the recovery from schizophrenia revealed two concepts of recovery; one is clinical recovery, and the other is personal or subjective recovery. Both states of recovery require specific assessment tools and therapeutic approaches. While current measures of clinical recovery can be used upon consensus all over the world, measures of subjective recovery which are based on cultural and individual values are yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the Subjective Recovery Assessment Scale (SubRAS) for patients with schizophrenia. METHODS The SubRAS consisting of 17-item was prepared using related literature with focus group interviews. Internal consistency reliability was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, and test–retest reliability was assessed. Exploratory factor analyses and correlations with Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), The Heinrichs-Carpenter Quality of Life Scale (QLS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Clinical Global Impression – Severity (CGI-S) were used to examine the factor-based validity and construct validity of the SubRAS. RESULTS The participants consisted of 127 patients with schizophrenia (n = 110) and schizoaffective disorder (n = 17), with 63.6% being male and a mean age of 41.2 years. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the scale was calculated as 0.98 while item-total score correlation coefficients were measured between 0.83 and 0.94. Test–retest reliability (r = .98) was very satisfactory. As for construct validity, a one-factor solution was obtained that could explain 83.0% of the variance. The scale showed a high correlation with the GAF (r = .82), the QLS (r = .76), PANSS (r = −.74), and CGI-S (r = −.74). CONCLUSIONS SubRAS is a valid and reliable instrument that can be utilized for patients with schizophrenia to assess their subjective recovery states. It is a culture-sensitive self-assessment instrument and easy to use for Turkish patients with schizophrenia.
Information Systems Success in Small and Medium Enterprises: an evaluation by Australian public accountants

Traditionally, the success of Information Systems (IS) has been studied in the context of large organisations with a focus on systems that have been developed inhouse. Most businesses, however, are small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and they have increasingly adopted packaged application software. To evaluate their success we examined two research variables, namely user practices and design features. The evaluation was done by public accountants who deal with SMEs as clients and are most likely to have well-developed opinions on the use of packaged software. In general, they rated small/medium accounting software packages as satisfactory with some notable exceptions. The installation phase of packages is not very well managed. Packages appear to lack a number of important control features which, considering the lack of internal IS expertise in SMEs, could result in malfunctions of their accounting systems. The study identifies better documentation and user education as ways to overcome perceived deficiencies.
Generalized Tree-Based Wavelet Transform

In this paper we propose a new wavelet transform applicable to functions defined on high dimensional data, weighted graphs and networks. The proposed method generalizes the Haar-like transform recently introduced by Gavish , and can also construct data adaptive orthonormal wavelets beyond Haar. It is defined via a hierarchical tree, which is assumed to capture the geometry and structure of the input data, and is applied to the data using a modified version of the common one-dimensional (1D) wavelet filtering and decimation scheme. The adaptivity of this wavelet scheme is obtained by permutations derived from the tree and applied to the approximation coefficients in each decomposition level, before they are filtered. We show that the proposed transform is more efficient than both the 1D and two-dimension 2D separable wavelet transforms in representing images. We also explore the application of the proposed transform to image denoising, and show that combined with a subimage averaging scheme, it achieves denoising results which are similar to those obtained with the K-SVD algorithm.
Estimating the Bayes error rate through classifier combining

The Bayes error provides the lowest achievable error rate for a given pattern classification problem. There are several classical approaches for estimating or finding bounds for the Bayes error. One type of approach focuses on obtaining analytical bounds, which are both difficult to calculate and dependent on distribution parameters that may not be known. Another strategy is to estimate the class densities through non-parametric methods, and use these estimates to obtain bounds on the Bayes error. This article presents a novel approach to estimating the Bayes error based on classifier combining techniques. For an artificial data set where the Bayes error is known, the combiner-based estimate outperforms the classical methods.
Prevalence of Cervical Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection in Vanuatu

To provide information on human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and the distribution of individual HPV types in Pacific Islands, we conducted a population-based survey in Vanuatu, South Pacific. Nine hundred and eighty-seven women between 18 and 64 years of age were included. GP5+/6+-mediated PCR assay was used for HPV testing. The prevalence of 44 HPV types was 28.4% corresponding to an age (world)-standardized prevalence of 25.0% [95% confidence interval (CI), 21.9%–28.0%]. The prevalence of high-risk (HR) HPV types was 21.7% (age-standardized prevalence of 19.2%; 95% CI, 16.4%–22.0%). Among 840 women with adequate cytologic results, 13.6% showed cervical abnormalities, including 3.6% with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and 0.8% with invasive cervical carcinoma. HPV prevalence declined from 46.1% in women aged ≤21 to 15.3% in those ≥45 years. Being single was significantly associated with HPV positivity. HR HPV findings by PCR assay and hybrid capture 2 (HC2; conducted in Vanuatu) were moderately correlated (κ test = 0.59). The positive predictive values of HR HPV positivity for HSIL or worse were 27.6% for PCR and 35.2% for HC2 among women aged ≥30. Nearly half of screening-positive women could not be reevaluated mainly on account of the difficulty to trace back women. The availability of a rapid HPV testing method that allows see-and-treat approaches at the same visit would be, therefore, essential. On account of their high cumulative burden of cervical lesions, also women older than 40 years should be included in at least the first screening round in unscreened populations. Cancer Prev Res; 5(5); 746–53. ©2012 AACR.
Delay-tolerant distributed linear convolutional space-time code with minimum memory length under frequency-selective channels

In cooperative communication networks, the performance of distributed space-time code will be severely degraded if the timing synchronization among relay nodes is not perfect. In this letter, we propose a systematic construction of the so called distributed linear convolutional space-time code (DLCSTC) for multipath fading channels that does not require the synchronization assumption. We derive sufficient conditions on the code design such that the full cooperative and multipath diversities can be achieved under the minimum memory length constraint. Then we design DLCSTCs that both have the traceorthonormality property and achieve the full diversity. We show that the proposed codes can also achieve the full diversity for asynchronous cooperative communications with ZF, MMSE and MMSE-DFE receivers under frequency-selective channels. Finally, various numerical examples are provided to corroborate the analytical studies.
ICT-enabled self-determination, disability and young people

ABSTRACT Research and practice about self-determination in the context of disability has centred on teaching skills and providing support to help people with impairments to be independent. However, limited research exists about the impact of Information and Communication Technologies, in particular social media and mobile devices, on the development of self-determination skills among people with disabilities. This paper presents the findings of a qualitative study which collected data from observations, a researcher diary, focus groups, individual interviews and data from social media. The focus of the study was on young people with vision impairments who were transitioning to university life. The study found that the participants developed self-determination skills by using and adapting collaborative and interactive online tools and mobile devices according to their transition needs. This finding expands the understanding of the implications of new technologies for young people with disabilities’ personal development and the enhancement of self-determination.
Modeling Semantic Aspects for Cross-Media Image Indexing

To go beyond the query-by-example paradigm in image retrieval, there is a need for semantic indexing of large image collections for intuitive text-based image search. Different models have been proposed to learn the dependencies between the visual content of an image set and the associated text captions, then allowing for the automatic creation of semantic indexes for unannotated images. The task, however, remains unsolved. In this paper, we present three alternatives to learn a probabilistic latent semantic analysis (PLSA) model for annotated images and evaluate their respective performance for automatic image indexing. Under the PLSA assumptions, an image is modeled as a mixture of latent aspects that generates both image features and text captions, and we investigate three ways to learn the mixture of aspects. We also propose a more discriminative image representation than the traditional Blob histogram, concatenating quantized local color information and quantized local texture descriptors. The first learning procedure of a PLSA model for annotated images is a standard expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, which implicitly assumes that the visual and the textual modalities can be treated equivalently. The other two models are based on an asymmetric PLSA learning, allowing to constrain the definition of the latent space on the visual or on the textual modality. We demonstrate that the textual modality is more appropriate to learn a semantically meaningful latent space, which translates into improved annotation performance. A comparison of our learning algorithms with respect to recent methods on a standard data set is presented, and a detailed evaluation of the performance shows the validity of our framework.
A CFH12k lensing survey of X-ray luminous galaxy clusters II. Weak lensing analysis and global correlations

Aims. We present a wide-field multi-color survey of a homogeneous sample of eleven clusters of galaxies for which we measure total masses and mass distributions from weak lensing. This sample, spanning a small range in both X-ray luminosity and redshift, is ideally suited to determining the normalisation of scaling relations between X-ray properties of clusters and their masses (the M − T_X and the M − L_X relations) and also estimating the scatter in these relations at a fixed luminosity. Methods. The eleven clusters in our sample are all X-ray luminous and span a narrow redshift range at z = 0.21 ± 0.04. The weak lensing analysis of the sample is based on ground-based wide-field imaging obtained with the CFH12k camera on CFHT. We use the methodology developed and applied previously on the massive cluster Abell 1689. A Bayesian method, implemented in the Im2shape software, is used to fit the shape parameters of the faint background galaxies and to correct for PSF smearing. A multi-color selection of the background galaxies is applied to retrieve the weak lensing signal, resulting in a background density of sources of ~10 galaxies per square arc minute. With the present data, shear profiles are measured in all clusters out to at least 2 Mpc (more than 15 from the center) with high confidence. The radial shear profiles are fitted with different parametric mass profiles and the virial mass M_(200) is estimated for each cluster and then compared to other physical properties. Results. Scaling relations between mass and optical luminosity indicate an increase of the M/L ratio with luminosity (M/L ∝ L^(0.8)) and a LX−M_(200) relation scaling as L_X ∝ M^(0.83±0.11)_(200) while the normalization of the M_(200) ∝ T^(3/2)_X relation is close to the one expected from hydrodynamical simulations of cluster formation as well as previous X-ray analyses. We suggest that the dispersion in the M_(200) − T_X and M_(200) − L_X relations reflects the different merging and dynamical histories for clusters of similar X-ray luminosities and intrinsic variations in their measured masses. Improved statistics of clusters over a wider mass range are required for a better control of the intrinsic scatter in scaling relations.
Stokes ’ Hypothesis and Entropy Variation Within a Compression Shock

Abstract. Exact one-dimensional steady flow equations for viscous, heat conducting calorically perfect gases were derived in terms of a velocity potential. These nonlinear differential equations were integrated numerically thus predicting detailed variation of thermodynamic and flow properties through the normal steady compression shock waves for an entire range of ratios of secondary and primary viscosity coefficients, Reynolds numbers, and upstream Mach numbers. The results conform that entropy reaches its sharp maximum inside the shock wave and that shock wave strengths and losses correspond to Rankine-Hugoniot jump conditions only when Stokes hypothesis (zero bulk viscosity) is enforced.
Relationship among Organizational Commitment, Trust and Job Satisfaction: An Empirical Study in Banking Industry

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between job satisfaction, organizational trust and organizational citizenship behavior. The data used for this research is from two private banking organizations in Tiruchirappalli District (Sample Size 101) and the method of analysis is correlation. The results have revealed the fact that job satisfaction is positively related to organizational trust, affective commitment, continuance commitment and normative commitment. The opportunity exists for further research among other banks toward developing a broader sense of how these particular variables are related and how the research results might be best applied toward the bank’s overall performance improvement and strategic planning efforts.
Development and Validation of the Self-Regulated Learning Test Anxiety Scale

Four studies report the development and psychometric properties of the new Self-Regulated Learning Test Anxiety Scale (SRLTAS). The measure assesses aspects of test anxiety (TA) from a Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) perspective and provides evidence regarding areas of TA that may be targeted for subsequent learning strategy interventions. Study 1 provided descriptive information, explored the factor structure, and addressed variance in TA across test item formats and student characteristics. Study 2 examined the stability of the SRLTAS and explored initial relations between the SRLTAS and other known TA measures. Study 3 provided confirmatory validity evidence and tested the factor structure in a new sample. Study 4 provided extended validity evidence as SRLTAS scores were examined with other representative SRL scores.
Abdominal radiation initiates apoptotic mechanism in rat femur bone marrow cells in vivo that is reversed by IGF-1 administration.

PURPOSE Radiation induces apoptosis as a result of damage to cellular DNA and RNA. The aim of our work was to study the effect of radiation on rat bone marrow cells (as a neighboring tissue) in the context of a model of experimental radiation enteritis in rats. The effect of systematic administration in irradiated animals of r-IGF-1 and GH was also studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar type, normal rats, were divided in 4 groups. One control group and the other 3 groups were irradiated in the abdomen. The measured scattered irradiation in the femur ranged from 16.5 to 47.3 cGy. In 2 groups of irradiated animals, rIGF-1 (0.1 microg/g of body weight twice/d) and rGH (0.25 microg/g of body weight /d) were administered. Bone marrow cells were harvested from both femurs. DNA and RNA were analyzed in specific gels. The m-RNA was hybridized for c-fos proto-oncogene expression. RESULTS The calculated low dose of radiation that affected the femurs of the animals induced reduction in bone marrow cell numbers and endonuclease activation manifested by subsequent fragmentation of DNA and RNA. This phenomenon was reversed by rGH and rIGF-1 administration. The c-fos proto-oncogene expression was upregulated by irradiation. CONCLUSION These observations indicate that scattered low dose radiation is capable of initiating apoptosis in rat bone marrow cells and rGH and rIGF-1 administration reverse this process.
Endomorphisms of B(H), extensions of pure states, and a class of representations of O_n

We construct the pure states of On that extend a given pure state of the fixed point algebra Fn of the gauge action, and we show that the gauge group acts transitively on these extensions. We apply this to construct and classify the ergodic endomorphisms of B(H) whose tail algebra has a minimal projection. We discuss examples arising from product states of Fn and from the trace on the Choi subalgebra of On.
Cognitive components of foreign word stress processing difficulty in speakers of a native language with non-contrastive stress

Objectives: Stress “deafness” is a difficulty in the detection of stress pattern changes of second language (L2) words. This study investigated the influence of cognitive factors and L2 proficiency on the processing of L2 stress. Methodology: Fifty-four native speakers of Hungarian, a language with non-contrastive stress, participated in the study; the participants were categorized as not speaking German or having a proficiency at the intermediate or advanced level. They had to recall sequences with increasing length consisting of German pseudowords that differed in either their phonemes (phoneme task) or stress patterns (stress task). Cognitive factors measured included working memory, phonological awareness and inhibitory control. Data and Analysis: The accuracy data obtained in the sequence recall task was analysed with generalized linear mixed modelling. Two separate analyses were performed to investigate the presence of stress “deafness” and the effect of cognitive factors. Findings: Results showed that the stress task led to lower performance than the phoneme task, irrespective of L2 proficiency. Furthermore, the analysis showed different cognitive factors contributing to the performance in the tasks: in the phoneme task, it was working memory, phonological awareness and inhibitory control, while in the stress task, it was only working memory and phonological awareness but not the inhibitory control. Originality: This is the first study to provide evidence about the cognitive background of the stress “deafness” effect, and to suggest the differential role of inhibitory control in phoneme and stress processing. Implications: These findings demonstrate the robustness of the stress “deafness” effect in a language with non-contrastive stress, provide evidence of the effect being independent of L2 proficiency and suggest that speakers of languages with non-contrastive stress do not have the necessary cognitive basis to form accurate L2 stress representations.
Clonal diversity of the marine trematode Maritrema novaezealandensis within intermediate hosts: the molecular ecology of parasite life cycles

We quantified the clonal diversity of the New Zealand marine trematode Maritrema novaezealandensis (n = 1250) within Zeacumantus subcarinatus snail (n = 25) and Macrophthalmus hirtipes crab (n = 25) intermediate hosts using four to six microsatellite loci, and investigated the potential biological and physical factors responsible for the observed genetic patterns. Individual snails harboured one to five trematode genotypes and 48% of snails were infected by multiple parasite genotypes. Overall, the number of parasite genotypes did not increase with snail size, but was highest in intermediate‐sized snails. Significantly larger numbers of parasite genotypes were detected in crabs (relative to snails; P < 0.001), with 16–25 genotypes recovered from individual crabs. Although crabs are typically infected by small numbers of cercariae sourced from many snails, they are occasionally infected by large numbers of cercariae sourced from single snails. The latter cases explain the significant genetic differentiation of trematode populations detected among their crab hosts (FST = 0.009, P < 0.001). Our results suggest that the timing of infection and/or intraspecific competition among parasite clones within snails determine(s) the diversity of parasite clones that snails harbour. The presence of a large number of infected snails and tidal mixing of cercariae prior to infection results in crabs potentially harbouring hundreds of parasite genotypes despite the crabs’ territorial behaviour.