Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cooperative group, risk-taking and inclusion of pupils with learning disabilities in physical education

The aim of this research was to study the impact of risk-taking in gymnastics on the change of cooperative behaviours and acceptance of pupils with learning disabilities within the framework of cooperative learning. One hundred and sixty-eight French 1st year middle school pupils participated in this study. Thirty-six pupils with learning disabilities were mainstreamed in six ordinary classes during seven two-hour gymnastic lessons. Three classes practiced under low risk conditions and three classes performed under high perceived risk conditions. The helping behaviours of the SEGPA pupils were observed and the acceptance of pupils was measured thanks to a sociometric questionnaire during the first and last lessons. The results showed that risk-taking affected the helping behaviours and the acceptance of pupils with learning disabilities. These results lead to think about the factors that could have an impact on the influence of cooperative learning structures when mainstreaming pupils with learning disabilities in physical education.
Large Scale Hierarchical Neural Network Language Models

Feed-forward neural network language models (NNLMs) are known to improve both perplexity and word error rate performance for speech recognition compared with conventional n-gram language models. We present experimental results show-ing how much the WER can be improved by increasing the scale of the NNLM, in terms of model size and training data. However, training time can become very long. We implemented a hierarchical NNLM approximation to speed up the training, through splitting up events and parallelizing training as well as reducing the output vocabulary size of each sub-network. The training time was reduced by about 20 times, e.g. from 50 days to 2 days, with no degradation in WER. Using English Broadcast News data (350M words), we obtained signiﬁcant improvements over the baseline n-gram language model, competitive with recently published recurrent neural network language model (RNNLM) results.
Young People, Pathways and Crime: Beyond Risk Factors

Abstract Research and policy approaches to risk are recognised as falling into two cultures, most commonly referred to as artefact and constructionist. Moreover, within constructionism, a continuum of positions exists from weak constructionist in which risks may be viewed as cultural mediations of ‘real’ dangers or hazards, to strong constructionist in which the ‘dangers’ or ‘hazards’ are themselves perceived as socially constructed. In this article a similar continuum of epistemological positions in relation to pathways is developed, and then findings from projects in the ESRC Network ‘Pathways Into and Out of Crime’ demonstrate how constructionist perspectives have generated new insights into the way in which traditional risk factors operate for young people. Examples based on three classically identified risk factors are presented. First, the complex and multidimensional effects of school exclusion are highlighted. Second, the nature of social networks is explicated and the role of their components as both potential risk and protective factors proposed.Third, the need for drugs to be understood within their cultural and historical contexts is identified, and the potential role of drugs as a mediator between other life stresses and offending portrayed. In conclusion, the value of synthesising rather than disputing paradigms to produce different layers of knowledge is discussed.
A role for geranylgeranylation in interleukin-1beta secretion.

OBJECTIVE Mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD) is an autosomal-recessive disorder characterized by recurring episodes of inflammation. MK catalyzes the phosphorylation of mevalonic acid, which is an early step in isoprenoid biosynthesis. The goal of our study was to determine whether a temporary shortage of certain isoprenoid end products and/or the accumulation of mevalonic acid is the cause of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) secretion in MKD. METHODS We studied the effect of the addition of intermediate metabolites and inhibitors of the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway on IL-1beta secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with MKD and healthy controls. RESULTS Inhibition of enzymes involved in geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) synthesis or geranylgeranylation of proteins led to a marked increase of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated IL-1beta secretion in PBMCs of control subjects. Furthermore, the increased IL-1beta secretion by PBMCs of patients with MKD was reversed by supplementation with GGPP as well as with mevalonic acid. IL-1beta secretion was increased only when control PBMCs were incubated with excessive amounts of mevalonic acid. Finally, a reduction in IL-1beta secretion by MKD PBMCs was also observed when sterol biosynthesis was inhibited, favoring nonsterol isoprenoid biosynthesis. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that a shortage of geranylgeranylated proteins, rather than an excess of mevalonate, is likely to cause increased IL-1beta secretion by PBMCs of patients with MKD.
Q method can identify diverse perspectives on ‘helpful’ information on cancer clusters and inform risk communication generally

Communication by state public health agencies about cancer clusters is complicated by divergent official and citizen beliefs about causation (e.g. chance versus environmental pollution). We use Q method, rarely applied in the risk field, to explore disparate perspectives on what people deem helpful and unhelpful in background (not site-specific) information about cancer clusters. Q method identified five unique perspectives, with low inter-factor correlations: Cancer Causation, Best Information, Cancer Frequency, Study Success, and Empathy/Competence. Besides discussing implications of these perspectives for improving communication about cancer clusters, we use this case to illustrate Q method’s more general ability to represent variability in attitudes about risk and risk information and to improve risk communication.
Physical Contact in Women's Basketball: A Phenomenological Construction and Contextualization

This study focused on the phenomenon of physical contact, as experienced by female basketball players (N=14) on a Canadian varsity team. In this article are presented the results of the construction and contextualization phases of the social phenomenological method (Denzin 1984) used in the study. In the construction phase, elements of the physical contact phenomenon are interpreted and used for its construction. Emotions and the self are considered as foundations and upon them are laid three basic structures which provide a skeleton of the phenomenon: the phenomenological field, the body, and the symbolic interaction. In the contextualization phase, the constructed phenomenon is put back in the lives of the women basketball players. It is shown how a player particularly feels her emotions in basketball situations and how emotionality transforms her in a way that few other lines of action can. In conclusion, it is argued that physical contacts, as expressions of a wide variety of emotions, provide occasions for the unfolding of a player's real self and meaning and represent experiences through which a player may learn not only who she is, but who she can be.
Participation, Individual Development, and Organizational Change: A Review and Synthesis

The purpose of this review is to identify and explore issues associated with the use of participation in conjunction with Organization Development activities. We maintain that the misunderstanding of participative processes places significant limitations on the success of Organization Development interventions and upon acceptance of the field as a whole. To remedy this situation, we suggest that practitioners pay more attention to combining individual and organization development efforts and that researchers devote more energy to exploring the effects of mediating variables on participation outcomes. We recommend the concept of organizational citizenship as a more inclusive frameworkfor research and practice concerning participation in organization development activities. "Progress for democracy lies in enhancing the actual freedom, initiative and spontaneity of the individual, not only in certain private and spiritual matters, but above all in the activity fundamental to every man's existence, his work. " Eric Fromm, 1941. "If there were a nation of gods, it would be governed democratically. So perfect a government is unsuited to men. " Jean-Jacques Rousseau, 176211967.
The Effects of Charges of Corruption on Voting Behavior in Congressional Elections, 1982-1990

Fifteen years ago, Peters and Welch investigated the effects of corruption charges on the outcomes of U.S. House elections. Their evidence from 1968 to 1978 indicated that charges generally produced a decline in vote share of between 6% and 11%, depending upon the nature of the charge. Morals violations were the most consequential for candidates and conflict of interest the least. Continuing changes in American politics and the nature of campaigns have made corruption charges even more common and, indeed, central to many races. In the following research note, we explore whether the changing nature of congressional campaigns has altered the magnitude of the effects of corruption charges on congressional election outcomes.
Comparative performance evaluation of routing algorithms in IEEE 802.11 Ad Hoc networks

In this paper we examine the behavior of Ad Hoc networks through simulations, using different routing protocols and various topologies. We examine the difference in performance, using a CBR application, with packets of different size through a variety of topologies, showing that the way nodes are placed in a network has an impact in networks performance. We show that the choice of routing protocol plays an important role on network's performance. We also quantify node mobility effects, by looking into both static and fully mobile configurations. Our paper presents a systematic analysis of a variety of different ad hoc network topologies in terms of node placement, node mobility and routing protocols through several simulated scenarios.
Communication apprehension and perceptions of salesperson performance: a multinational perspective

While the effect of communication apprehension on a multitude of psychological and performance variables has been studied in many other disciplines, it has not been extensively examined by sales researchers. This article considers communication in the sales transaction from the perspective of communication apprehension, and investigates the role of communication apprehension as an indicator of a salesperson’s performance. Using ordinal logistic regression, an attempt is made to predict a salesperson’s performance based on the four contexts of communication apprehension, in a multicultural sample. The results show a small but significant effect of communication apprehension on the performance of salespersons, and some contexts of communication apprehension are found to be better predictors than others. The findings also indicate that the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension‐24 scale is valid and reliable when used to establish international principles.
Lay Persons' and Police Officers' Beliefs Regarding Deceptive Behaviour

Research on the detection of deception, via non-verbal cues, has shown that people's ability to successfully discriminate between truth and deception is only slightly better than chance level. One of the reasons for these disappointing findings possibly lies in people's inappropriate beliefs regarding ‘lying behaviour’. A 64-item questionnaire originally used in Germany, which targets participants' beliefs regarding truthful and deceptive behaviour, was used. The present study differed from previous research in three ways: (i) instead of a student population, police officers and lay people were sampled, (ii) both people's beliefs regarding others' deceptive behaviour and their beliefs regarding their own deceptive behaviour were examined, and (iii) both non-verbal cues to, and content characteristics of, deceptive statements were examined. Results were consistent with previous studies, which found significant differences between people's beliefs regarding deceptive behaviour and experimental observations of actual deceptive behaviour. Further, police officers held as many false beliefs as did lay people and finally, participants were more accurate in their beliefs regarding their own deceptive behaviour than they were in their beliefs regarding others' behaviour.
Regulation of innate immune responses by autophagy-related proteins

Pattern recognition receptors detect microbial components and induce innate immune responses, the first line of host defense against infectious agents. However, aberrant activation of immune responses often causes massive inflammation, leading to the development of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, both activation and inactivation of innate immune responses must be strictly controlled. Recent studies have shown that the cellular machinery associated with protein degradation, such as autophagy, is important for the regulation of innate immunity. These studies reveal that autophagy-related proteins are involved in the innate immune response and may contribute to the development of inflammatory disorders.
Association of the PSCA rs 2294008 C > T Polymorphism with Gastric Cancer Risk : Evidence from a Meta-Analysis

GC is the fourth most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer associated death worldwide (Ferlay et al., 2010), so it is the major public health problem faced all around the world. The incidence of gastric cancer is regulated by multi-factors, including oncogene tumor suppressor gene in abnormal activation/ inactivation, immune changes, and etc. With the depth of new technologies, many efforts have been invested in identifying sources of genetic susceptibility to cancer in the last few decades (Dong et al., 2008; Lao-Sirieix et al., 2010). PSCA gene encodes a 123-amino acid glycoprotein, which is a cell surface antigen. Its name was inaccurate, because it is not exclusively expressed in prostate cancer; and highly expressed by a large proportion of human tumors, including metastatic and hormone-related cancers (Reiter et al., 1998; Bahrenberg et al., 2000). Recently, scientists found that PSCA gene is either abnormally expressed or shown different genetic variant in several cancers. GWAS have identified a strong association between PSCA gene rs2294008 C > T polymorphism and risk of GC, especially in Asians (Sakamoto et al., 2008; Shi et al., 2011). Moreover, its genetic variant may correlated with other risk factors or clinicopathologic features, such as sex, age, smoking status, tumor size or stage, location
La Memoria Visual Como Predictor del Aprendizaje de la Lectura

Se presentan los resultados de un estudio longitudinal realizado en alumnos de escuelas municipales de Santiago de Chile, cuyo objetivo fue investigar la relacion entre el reconocimiento visual-ortografico, la percepcion y la memoria visual con la lectura inicial. Especialmente se analizo la relacion predictiva entre el reconocimiento perceptivo visual de la Figura Compleja de Rey, la memoria visual y el reconocimiento visual-ortografico con el aprendizaje inicial de la lectura. La muestra estuvo conformada por 105 alumnos de primero basico. Los ninos se evaluaron mediante nueve pruebas destinadas al reconocimiento perceptivo visual y visual-ortografico y una prueba utilizada para evaluar el aprendizaje de la lectura. Los resultados mostraron que la prueba de la Figura Compleja de Rey, que evalua capacidad de percepcion visual, predice significativamente el aprendizaje lector en el nivel inicial
Striatal Overexpression of ΔFosB Reproduces Chronic Levodopa-Induced Involuntary Movements

Long-term dopamine replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease leads to the development of disabling involuntary movements named dyskinesias that are related to adaptive changes in striatal signaling pathways. The chronic transcription factor ΔFosB, which is overexpressed in striatal neurons after chronic dopaminergic drug exposure, is suspected to mediate these adaptive changes. Here, we sought to demonstrate the ability of ΔFosB to lead directly to the abnormal motor responses associated with chronic dopaminergic therapy. Using rAAV (recombinant adenoassociated virus) viral vectors, high levels of ΔFosB expression were induced in the striatum of dopamine-denervated rats naive of chronic drug administration. Transgenic ΔFosB overexpression reproduced the entire spectrum of altered motor behaviors in response to acute levodopa tests, including different types of abnormal involuntary movements and hypersensitivity of rotational responses that are typically associated with chronic levodopa treatment. JunD, the usual protein partner of ΔFosB binding to AP-1 (activator protein-1) sites of genes, remained unchanged in rats with high ΔFosB expression induced by viral vectors. These findings demonstrate that the increase of striatal ΔFosB in the evolution of chronically treated Parkinson's disease may be a trigger for the development of abnormal responsiveness to dopamine and the emergence of involuntary movements.
Being All That You Can Be

An accurate assessment of an individual often requires taking their potential into account. Across six studies the authors found that people are more inclined to do so when evaluating themselves than when evaluating others, such that people credit themselves for their perceived potential more than they credit others for theirs. Participants rated potential as a more telling component of the self than of others, and the importance participants placed on their own potential led to attentional biases toward information about their own future potential that did not apply to information about the potential of others. Furthermore, when assessing themselves and other people, participants required more tangible proof that someone else has a given level of potential than they required of themselves, and they relied more on how they would ideally perform in self-assessment but more on how others actually performed in judging them.
Prevalence of dyslipidemias in the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006.

OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of lipid abnormalities found in the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006 (ENSANut 2006). MATERIAL AND METHODS Information was obtained from 4 040 subjects aged 20 to 69 years, studied after a 9- to 12-hour fast. RESULTS Median lipid concentrations were: cholesterol 198.5 mg/dl, triglycerides 139.6 mg/dl, HDL-cholesterol 39.0 mg/dl, non-HDL-cholesterol 159.5 mg/dl and LDL-cholesterol 131.5 mg/dl. The most frequent abnormality was HDL-cholesterol below 40 mg/dl with a prevalence of 60.5% (95%CI 58.2-62.8%). Hypercholesterolemia (> 200 mg/dl) had a frequency of abnormality of 43.6% (95%CI 41.4-46.0%). Only 8.6% of the hypercholesterolemic subjects knew their diagnosis. Hypertriglyceridemia (>or= 150 mg/dl) was observed in 31.5% (IC 95% 29.3-33.9%) of the population. CONCLUSIONS The ENSANUT 2006 data confirm that the prevalence of hypoalphalipoproteinemia and other forms of dyslipidemia in Mexican adults is very high.
Some G protein heterotrimers physically dissociate in living cells

Heterotrimeric G proteins mediate physiological processes ranging from phototransduction to cell migration. In the accepted model of G protein signaling, Gαβγ heterotrimers physically dissociate after activation, liberating free Gα subunits and Gβγ dimers. This model is supported by evidence obtained in vitro with purified proteins, but its relevance in vivo has been questioned. Here, we show that at least some heterotrimeric G protein isoforms physically dissociate after activation in living cells. Gα subunits extended with a transmembrane (TM) domain and cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) were immobilized in the plasma membrane by biotinylation and cross-linking with avidin. Immobile CFP-TM-Gα greatly decreased the lateral mobility of intracellular Gβ1γ2-YFP, indicating the formation of stable heterotrimers. A GTPase-deficient (constitutively active) mutant of CFP-TM-GαoA lost the ability to restrict Gβ1γ2-YFP mobility, whereas GTPase-deficient mutants of CFP-TM-Gαi3 and CFP-TM-Gαs retained this ability. Activation of cognate G protein-coupled receptors partially relieved the constraint on Gβ1γ2-YFP mobility induced by immobile CFP-TM-GαoA and CFP-TM-Gαi3 but had no effect on the constraint induced by CFP-TM-Gαs. These results demonstrate the physical dissociation of heterotrimers containing GαoA and Gαi3 subunits in living cells, supporting the subunit dissociation model of G protein signaling for these subunits. However, these results are also consistent with the suggestion that G protein heterotrimers (e.g., Gαs) may signal without physically dissociating.
Gender, educational attainment, and the impact of parental migration on children left behind

Estimation of the causal effect of parental migration on children’s educational attainment is complicated by the fact that migrants and nonmigrants are likely to differ in unobservable ways that also affect children’s educational outcomes. This paper suggests a novel way of addressing this selection problem by looking within the family to exploit variation in siblings’ ages at the time of parental migration. The basic assumption underlying the analysis is that parental migration will have no effect on the educational outcomes of children who are at least 20 years old because they have already completed their education. Their younger siblings, in contrast, may still be in school, and thus will be affected by the parental migration experience. The results point to a statistically significant positive effect of paternal US migration on education for girls, suggesting that pushing a father’s US migration earlier in his daughter’s life can lead to an increase in her educational attainment of up to 1 year relative to delaying migration until after she has turned 20 years old. In contrast, paternal domestic migration has no statistically significant effect on educational attainment for girls or boys, suggesting that father absence does not play a major role in determining children’s educational outcomes. Instead, these results suggest that the marginal dollars from US migrant remittances appear to enable families to further educate their daughters. Thus, policymakers should view international migration as a potential pathway by which families raise educational attainments of girls in particular.
Ice and travel among the Fort Norman Slave: Folk taxonomies and cultural rules

Abstract Through the use of data collected among Slave Indians living in northern Canada, this paper explores a problem in ethnographic methodology: how to describe cultural rules such that contextual restrictions which operate upon them are identified and made explicit. Following a discussion of some of the ways in which the aims and assumptions of current sociolinguistic theory can be applied to this problem, a formal model is presented of Slave rules for travelling on the ice of frozen lakes and rivers. This model, which specifies the conditions under which a Slave hunter can be expected to cross an expanse of ice or avoid it, reveals the sensitivity of normative rules to variation in contextual features and illustrates both the value and feasibility of incorporating these features into ethnographic accounts. (Ethnographic methodology, sociolinguistics, formal analysis, Canadian Indians, language and environment.)