Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does All Cream Rise? the Plight of Unsupported Gifted Children

In a ten year longitudinal study, 37 Finnish students, who had been identified as potentially gifted at pre-school using the German, Breuer-Weuffen Differentiation Test (BWDT), were again assessed against their peers for evidence of academic excellence. The students, who had received no specific support within the Finnish comprehensive school system, were found to be significantly better than their Control Group peers in their final school grades, as well as in perceptions of their own Scholastic Competence. This suggests that this method of early identification of giftedness was successful in predicting later academic excellence. The BWDT purports to measure verbo-sensor motor status, which represents an amalgam of the five language-related differentiation abilities; optical, phonemic, kinesthetic, melodious and rhythmical. Further analyses identified patterns of potential long-term underachievement.
Uplink FBMC/OQAM-Based Multiple Access Channel: Distortion Analysis Under Strong Frequency Selectivity

This paper computes the distortion power at the receiver side of an FBMC/OQAM-based OFDMA uplink channel under strong frequency selectivity and/or user timing errors. More precisely, it provides a distortion expression that is valid for a wide class of prototype pulses (not necessarily perfect-reconstruction ones) when the number of subcarriers is sufficiently large. This result is a valuable instrument for analyzing how users interfere to one another and to justify, formally, the common choice of placing an empty guard band between adjacent users. Interestingly, the number of out-band subcarriers contaminated by each user only depends on the prototype pulses and not on the channel nor on the equalizer. To conclude, the distortion analysis presented in this paper, together with some simulation results for a realistic scenario, also provide convincing evidence that FBMC/OQAM-based OFDMA is superior to classic circular-prefix OFDMA in the case of asynchronous users.
Pleasure-Arousal Theory and the Intensity of Emotions

Four main views of emotion intensity and quality within the pleasure-arousal theory of emotions are described, and it is argued that only 1 of them is conceptually and empirically tenable. This view assumes that the quality of emotions, or at least the quality of their "affective core," is determined by the proportion of, and their intensity by the absolute degrees of, experienced pleasure of displeasure (P) and activation or deactivation (A). Results from 2 unidimensional scaling studies, in which a total of 69 affects were rated for the degree of P and A experienced at low, typical, and high intensities, were by and large in accord with this position. To overcome a remaining problem of the theory, namely, that it does not allow one to distinguish among more than a few basic groups of emotions, a "hybrid" cognitive-P-A theory of emotion is proposed, according to which emotions are appraisal-caused patterns of P and A.
Psychosocial predictors of weight loss behaviors and binge eating in adolescent girls and boys

This study examined the predictors of dieting, extreme weight loss behaviors, and binge eating in adolescents (606 females and 315 males). High school classes were administered measures of weight loss behaviors, binge eating, perceived current and ideal body size, body dissatisfaction, advantages of being thinner and physically fitter, satisfaction with fitness, depression, self-esteem, parental overprotection, parental caring, and family adaptability and cohesion. Principal component analyses grouped predictor (body image, psychosocial) and criterion (weight loss behaviors, binge eating) variables. The primary predictor of weight loss behaviors in both sexes and binge eating in girls was the desire to be thinner which included a larger current body size. Psychological and family variables played lesser roles but were significantly predictive in a number of cases. Sex differences in factor structures and important predictors emerged. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
New Space–Time Trellis Codes for Two-Antenna Quasi-Static Channels

New space-time trellis codes with four- and eight-level phase-shift keying (PSK) and 16-phase quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) for two transmit antennas in slow-fading channels are presented in this paper. Unlike most of the codes that are reported in the literature, the proposed codes are specifically designed to minimize the frame error probability from a union-bound perspective. The performance of the proposed codes with various memory orders and receive antennas is evaluated by simulation. It is shown that the proposed codes outperform previously known codes in all studied cases.
Rumors, Race and Riots

Are race-related rumors rooted in the personality traits of the individual? Are they a kind of "improvised news" for a community? Do they come and go at random or form definite, recognizable patterns? What role do the news media play in spreading rumors? These and other questions are treated in this classic study, now available in paperback with a new introduction by the author, of how and why rumors emerge in connection with racial disorders. Included is an examination and critique of the three major models of rumor formation: the psychological approach, emphasizing the emotional needs and drives of the individual; the functional approach, which views rumors as a form of "improvised news"; and the conspiratorial approach, which sees rumors as deliberately planted and not spontaneous. The author's "process model" of rumor formation is based on the premise that rumors cannot "cause" violence and that violence cannot "cause" rumors. Both are viewed as parts of the same process. Rumors are seen as just one of a series of determinants, each of which increases the likelihood of a collective outburst. Among the determinants examined are: conditions of stress; a rigid social structure supported by a racist ideology; and a hostile belief system (or negative set of generalized perceptions) held separately by different groups. Race-related rumors are functionally tied to the latter point and crystallize, confirm, and intensify these beliefs by linking them to actual events. Hundreds of pertinent rumors are documented from local newspapers and investigative accounts. An exhaustive, systematic inquiry is made into the series of disorders that occurred between 1967 and 1970. The role played by rumors during these disturbing times is examined and compared to earlier periods of unrest. Implications for public policy are explored along with a hard look at rumor-control centers. The influence of the police and other public officials as well as the news media are treated extensively since they play a big part in fostering a grapevine in the white suburbs similar to the one found in the inner cities. Terry Ann Knopf teaches arts and media criticism at Boston University's Journalism Department. Earlier, she worked as a TV critic for the Miami Herald and the Patriot Ledger, and was also a correspondent at the Boston Globe specializing in the arts and media.
Challenges

This paper describes eRisk, the CLEF lab on early risk prediction on the Internet. eRisk started in 2017 as an attempt to set the experimental foundations of early risk detection. Over the last three editions of eRisk (2017, 2018 and 2019), the lab organized a number of early risk detection challenges oriented to the problems of detecting depression, anorexia and self-harm. We review in this paper the main lessons learned from the past and we discuss our future plans for the 2020 edition.
Influence of Mechanic, Functional, and Humanic Clues on Customers’ Experiential Values and Behavioral Intentions in Full-Service Restaurants

“Quality dining experience” is an important benefit for restaurants, but the concept of experiential value has been overlooked in restaurant service-quality studies. This study examines the effects of mechanical, functional, and human clues on customer experience and behavioral intention for full-service restaurants. Statistical analysis demonstrates that mechanical clues significantly influence functional and human clues, and that these clues are significant determinants of customers’ experiential value. Analysis also shows that functional clues and experiential value significantly influence customers’ behavioral intention. Therefore, managers of full-service restaurants should consider the role of functional and human clues when planning for their restaurant’s dining experience.
Unmasking the Effects of Student Engagement on First-Year College Grades and Persistence

This study examines the relationships between student engagement, college GPA, and persistence for 6,000 students attending 18 baccalaureate-granting institutions. Data sources included student-level information from the National Survey of Student Engagement, academic transcripts, merit aid, and ACT/SAT score reports. Engagement had positive, statistically significant effects on grades and persistence between the first and second year of study for students from different racial and ethnic backgrounds. Equally important, engagement had compensatory effects for historically underserved students in that they benefited more from participating in educationally purposeful activities in terms of earning higher grades and being more likely to persist.
Atmospheric correction of a seasonal time series of Hyperion EO-1 images and red edge inflection point calculation

This study covers the preprocessing and atmospheric correction of a seasonal time series five Hyperion EO-1 images from Hyytiälä, Southern Finland (61° 51'N, 24° 17'E). The time series ranges from May 5th 2010 to July 11th 2010, covering much of the growing season and the seasonal changes in vegetation reflectance. Atmospheric correction of the time series was done with Fast Line-of-sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes (FLAASH) and ATmospheric CORrection (ATCOR) algorithms for comparison. Both algorithms performed well with Hyperion imagery. Different red edge inflection point (REIP) calculation methods were analyzed to determine their applicability for Hyperion imagery. REIP was calculated using four-point interpolation, Lagrangian interpolation, and fifth order polynomial fitting. Due to the dynamics of the red edge, polynomial fitting was seen as the best method for calculating the REIP. REIP did not correlate strongly with Leaf Area Index (LAI) but a stronger correlation was observed with understory REIP.
Hemodynamic and Light-Scattering Changes of Rat Spinal Cord and Primary Somatosensory Cortex in Response to Innocuous and Noxious Stimuli

Neuroimaging technologies with an exceptional spatial resolution and noninvasiveness have become a powerful tool for assessing neural activity in both animals and humans. However, the effectiveness of neuroimaging for pain remains unclear partly because the neurovascular coupling during pain processing is not completely characterized. Our current work aims to unravel patterns of neurovascular parameters in pain processing. A novel fiber-optic method was used to acquire absolute values of regional oxy- (HbO) and deoxy-hemoglobin concentrations, oxygen saturation rates (SO2), and the light-scattering coefficients from the spinal cord and primary somatosensory cortex (SI) in 10 rats. Brief mechanical and electrical stimuli (ranging from innocuous to noxious intensities) as well as a long-lasting noxious stimulus (formalin injection) were applied to the hindlimb under pentobarbital anesthesia. Interhemispheric comparisons in the spinal cord and SI were used to confirm functional activation during sensory processing. We found that all neurovascular parameters showed stimulation-induced changes; however, patterns of changes varied with regions and stimuli. Particularly, transient increases in HbO and SO2 were more reliably attributed to brief stimuli, whereas a sustained decrease in SO2 was more reliably attributed to formalin. Only the ipsilateral SI showed delayed responses to brief stimuli. In conclusion, innocuous and noxious stimuli induced significant neurovascular responses at critical centers (e.g., the spinal cord and SI) along the somatosensory pathway; however, there was no single response pattern (as measured by amplitude, duration, lateralization, decrease or increase) that was able to consistently differentiate noxious stimuli. Our results strongly suggested that the neurovascular response patterns differ between brief and long-lasting noxious stimuli, and can also differ between the spinal cord and SI. Therefore, a use of multiple-parameter strategy tailored by stimulus modality (brief or long-lasting) as well as region-dependent characteristics may be more effective in detecting pain using neuroimaging technologies.
Sacred Landscapes: Albany and Anzac Pilgrimage

Abstract Albany in Western Australia lays claim to special commemorative status as the last Australian place of anchor for the fleet that carried Australian and New Zealand troops to Egypt and eventually the slopes of Gallipoli in 1915. Recently, this claim has been given credibility by the National Commission on the Commemoration of the Anzac Centenary in Australia, a federal body set up to guide the Anzac centenary celebrations beginning in 2014. Albany’s aim is to mark out spaces of pilgrimage and ritual and to place itself at the ‘beginning’ of the Anzac narrative and tourist-pilgrim journeys to Gallipoli. Through an exploration of the sacralisation of the Albany landscape, this paper shows how Albany is pursuing its share of the Anzac mythology and concluding that leaving the shores of Albany may be as commemoratively important to the story of Anzac as arriving on the shores of Gallipoli.
Corporate Environmental Initiatives and Anticipated Firm Performance: The Differential Effects of Process-Driven Versus Product-Driven Greening Initiatives

We investigate the influence of environmental initiatives on firms’ anticipated economic performance using an event study methodology. Framing our arguments within an organizational reputation framework, we propose that, due to potential positive effects of these initiatives on firm performance (through increases in reputation), shareholders will react positively to announced environmental initiatives. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found no overall effect of announced environmental initiatives on stock returns. However, our findings indicate that reactions to product-driven initiatives are significantly different than reactions to process-driven ones.
Topical airway anesthesia for awake fiberoptic intubation: Comparison between airway nerve blocks and nebulized lignocaine by ultrasonic nebulizer

Overview: Awake fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) guided intubation is the gold standard of airway management in patients with cervical spine injury. It is essential to sufficiently anesthetize the upper airway before the performance of awake FOB guided intubation in order to ensure patient comfort and cooperation. This randomized controlled study was performed to compare two methods of airway anesthesia, namely ultrasonic nebulization of local anesthetic and performance of airway blocks. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 adult patients with cervical spine injury were randomly allocated into two groups. Group L received airway anesthesia through ultrasonic nebulization of 10 ml of 4% lignocaine and Group NB received airway blocks (bilateral superior laryngeal and transtracheal recurrent laryngeal) each with 2 ml of 2% lignocaine and viscous lignocaine gargles. FOB guided orotracheal intubation was then performed. Hemodynamic variables at baseline and during the procedure, patient recall, vocal cord visibility, ease of intubation, coughing/gagging episodes, and signs of lignocaine toxicity were noted. Results: The observations did not reveal any significant differences in demographics or hemodynamic parameters at any time during the study. However, the time taken for intubation was significantly lower in Group NB as compared with the Group L. Group L had an increased number of coughing/gagging episodes as compared with Group NB. Vocal cord visibility and ease of intubation were better in patients who received airway blocks and hence the amount of supplemental lignocaine used was less in this group. Overall patient comfort was better in Group NB with fewer incidences of unpleasant recalls as compared with Group L. Conclusion: Upper airway blocks provide better quality of anesthesia than lignocaine nebulization as assessed by patient recall of procedure, coughing/gagging episodes, ease of intubation, vocal cord visibility, and time taken to intubate.
The Impact of Information and Communication Technology Adoption and Diffusion on Technology Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries: The Case of Kenya

ICT-based enterprises (ICT-BEs) are businesses that produce ICT products, provide ICT processing technologies, or offer ICT support services. Most ICT-BEs grow in particular niche fields of ICT use by offering services that are well tailored to meet the needs of a specific target market. This however is usually short lived, as alternative technologies are developed each day and availed globally within a few months, while the rate of adoption and diffusion of technology is dependent on other factors other than the ICT itself. In most cases technology diffusion is rather slow and uneven at first, but accelerates rapidly once a critical mass of individuals has adopted the technology. This raises the question of how ICT-BEs can cushion themselves against sudden and unpredictable ICT trends, which may lead to existing customers abandoning a technology for any new alternative technology. The study examines the impact of rapid ICT trends on ICT entrepreneurship in the liberalized and globalized Kenyan ICT market. The study is based on qualitative data, collected through four descriptive case studies selected from micro and small enterprises offering ICT solutions. Findings reveal that rapid changes in ICT trends and early adopters' switching behavior negatively affect the survival of an ICT-BE, while customer satisfaction and entrepreneurial creativity positively influence the survival and success of an ICT-BE. The study provides practitioners, budding ICT entrepreneurs, and policy-makers with essential lessons on how ICT trends affect the growth and survival of ICT-BEs and how to mitigate these negative effects and therefore remain in business.
Insight of EDX analysis and EFTEM: Are spherocrystals located in strombidae digestive gland implied in detoxification of trace metals?

Digestive tubules of Strombidae are composed by three cell types: digestive cells, vacuolated cells, and crypt cells. The last one is characterized by the presence of intracellular granules identified as spherocrystals. Such structures are known to occur in basophilic cells of gastropod digestive gland, where they are supposed to be involved in the regulation of some minerals and in detoxification. In this study, energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX) and energy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) were used to determine the elemental content of spherocrystals in two Strombidae, Strombus gigas and Strombus pugilis. In freshly collected individuals of both species, the following elements were detected: Ca, Fe, Mg, P, and Zn. Aluminum and Mn were also detected in S. gigas. Their presence in spherocrystals indicates that, in Strombidae, spherocrystals are involved in the regulation of minerals and essential trace metals. In order to answer the question “are spherocrystals involved in nonessential trace metals scavenging? ,” artificial cadmium and lead exposure by both waterborne and dietary pathways was applied to S. pugilis. No evidence of cadmium (Cd(NO3)2) or lead (Pb(NO3)2) provided by food was found in spherocrystals. Cadmium provided in water (Cd(NO3)2 and CdCl2) causes structural modifications of the digestive gland; however, this element was not trapped in spherocrystals. These results suggest that spherocrystals are not involved in detoxification of such nonessential trace metals. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pregnant Women at Work

Research suggests that pregnant women are discriminated against in the workplace and that a significant percentage of new mothers leave the workforce. Few researchers have examined the link between women’s discriminatory experiences and workforce attrition, instead of focusing on either individual-level factors (e.g., income) or workplace factors (e.g., workplace support) that predict turnover. We integrate previous findings on individual and workplace factors within a stigma framework that takes into account pregnant women’s anticipated and experienced stigma. We hypothesized that pregnant women’s anticipated and experienced stigma would mediate the relationships between individual (e.g., gender role attitudes) and workplace factors (e.g., workplace support) and job satisfaction, psychological well-being, and turnover intentions. Using a three-wave longitudinal design, we surveyed 142 pregnant women during and after their pregnancies, and we used path analysis to test mediational models. Results indicated that anticipated stigma partially mediated the relationship between workplace factors and psychological well-being, whereas experienced stigma partially mediated the relationships between workplace factors and job satisfaction, psychological well-being, and turnover intentions. Overall, our study demonstrates both the utility of a stigma framework and the importance of workplace experiences in understanding why women leave their jobs.
Robust Wavelet Support Vector Machine for Regression Estimation

As we know, M-estimation as objective function can be used to tackle this problem that the performance of wavelet network (WN) is affected by gross error severely, but its influence function is determined by the absolute value of residual, so a key problem is how to choose initial parameters. In this paper combining robust estimation with wavelet support vector machine (WSVM), a robust wavelet support vector regression (WSVR) model is developed. Firstly, a new type of wavelet support vector machine is proved and used to determine appropriate WN structure and initial parameters. It can ensure that there should be bigger absolute value of residual for sample with gross error than that for believable sample; Secondly, M-estimation is used as cost function and a method used to determine the threshold adaptively is put forward, then gradient descent is adopted to tune WN parameters. Simulations illustrate that the regression model not only has the multiscale approximation, but also better robustness and generalization, but for some special case, WSVR in single scale can not determine appropriate WN initial parameters and robust learning is very slow, thus multiscale WSVR is worth researching.