Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning versus Performance in Short-Term Project Teams

In this article, the authors propose and test hypotheses about the relationship between learning and performance and the team processes that are most predictive of learning and performance in short-term project teams. Results show a moderate but nonsignificant relationship between learning and performance. Results also reveal that team processes most predictive of team learning include interpersonal understanding, proactivity in problem solving, and creating clear work procedures (a negative predictor). Team processes most predictive of team performance include interpersonal understanding, proactivity in problem-solving, and confronting members who break norms (a negative predictor). Results suggest that the needs of short-term project teams differ from those of longer-term teams. They also suggest the potential for tension between learning and performance in short-term project teams. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Radial Migration of Superficial Layer Cortical Neurons Controlled by Novel Ig Cell Adhesion Molecule MDGA1

MAM (meprin/A5 protein/receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase mu) domain glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor 1 (MDGA1), a unique cell surface glycoprotein, is similar to Ig-containing cell adhesion molecules that influence neuronal migration and process outgrowth. We show in postnatal mice that MDGA1 is expressed by layer 2/3 neurons throughout the neocortex. During development, MDGA1 is expressed in patterns consistent with its expression by migrating layer 2/3 neurons, suggesting a role for MDGA1 in controlling their migration and settling in the superficial cortical plate. To test this hypothesis, we performed loss-of-function studies using RNA interference (RNAi) targeting different sequences of mouse MDGA1. RNAi or empty vectors were coelectroporated with an enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter in utero into the lateral ventricle at embryonic day 15.5 to transfect progenitors of superficial layer neurons; the distributions of transfected neurons were analyzed late on postnatal day 0. We found a direct correlation between effectiveness of an RNAi in suppressing MDGA1 expression and disrupting migration of superficial layer neurons. An RNAi with no effect on MDGA1 expression has no effect on the migration. In contrast, an RNAi that suppresses MDGA1 expression also blocks proper migration of transfected superficial layer neurons, with essentially all transfected cells found deep in the cortical plate or beneath it. This migration defect is rescued by cotransfection of a rat MDGA1 expression construct along with the effective RNAi, confirming that the RNAi effect is specific to diminishing mouse MDGA1 expression. RNAi transfections of deep layer neurons that do not express MDGA1 do not significantly affect their migration. We conclude that MDGA1 acts cell autonomously to control the migration of MDGA1-expressing superficial layer cortical neurons.
Translesion synthesis by yeast DNA polymerase from templates containing lesions of ultraviolet radiation and acetylaminofluorene

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, DNA polymerase zeta (Polzeta) is required in a major lesion bypass pathway. To help understand the role of Polzeta in lesion bypass, we have performed in vitro biochemical analyses of this polymerase in response to several DNA lesions. Purified yeast Polzeta performed limited translesion synthesis opposite a template TT (6-4) photoproduct, incorporating A or T with similar efficiencies (and less frequently G) opposite the 3' T, and predominantly A opposite the 5' T. Purified yeast Polzeta predominantly incorporated a G opposite an acetylaminofluorene (AAF)-adducted guanine. The lesion, however, significantly inhibited subsequent extension. Furthermore, yeast Polzeta catalyzed extension DNA synthesis from primers annealed opposite the AAF-guanine and the 3' T of the TT (6-4) photoproduct with varying efficiencies. Extension synthesis was more efficient when A or C was opposite the AAF-guanine, and when G was opposite the 3' T of the TT (6-4) photoproduct. In contrast, the 3' T of a cis-syn TT dimer completely blocked purified yeast Polzeta, whereas the 5' T was readily bypassed. These results support the following dual-function model of Polzeta. First, Polzeta catalyzes nucleotide incorporation opposite AAF-guanine and TT (6-4) photoproduct with a limited efficiency. Secondly, more efficient bypass of these lesions may require nucleotide incorporation by other DNA polymerases followed by extension DNA synthesis by Polzeta.
Characterization of cell phenotype by a novel cDNA library subtraction system: expression of CD8 alpha in a mast cell-derived interleukin-4-dependent cell line.

We have established a unique variant cell line, MC/9.IL-4, which continuously proliferates in the presence of interleukin-4 (IL-4), from a murine interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent mast cell line, MC/9 (referred to as MC/9.IL-3). Compared with MC/9.IL-3 cells, MC/9.IL-4 cells are smaller, lack cytoplasmic granules and metachromasia, carry a very small amount of histamine, and express fewer high-affinity IgE receptors (IgERs) and IL-3 receptors. To further characterize MC/9.IL-4, we developed a novel method to enrich cell type-specific cDNAs by cDNA library subtraction and applied it for MC/9.IL-3 versus MC/9.IL-4. Sequence analysis of cDNA clones isolated by this technique showed that MC/9.IL-4 cells specifically express CD8 alpha and expression of mast cell-specific proteases and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) is considerably decreased. It was also noted that responsiveness to the IL-3-agonistic antibody F9 and expression of the transcription factor GATA-2 is diminished in MC/9.IL-4, indicating that MC/9.IL-4 have lost major characteristics of the bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells. Because other T-cell marker antigens, CD8 beta, CD4, Thy-1, were not detected on MC/9.IL-4 cells, MC/9.IL-4 cells may represent an unknown class of hematopoietic cells that express CD8 alpha. This cell line will be useful in studies of IL-4-mediated signal transduction, as well as transcriptional regulation of mast cell characteristic genes. This study also demonstrates the effective use of the cDNA library subtraction strategy to characterize unknown types of hematopoietic cells at the molecular level.
THE EVOLUTIONARY GENETIC STATUS OF ICELANDIC EELS

The Iceland population of Anguilla eels contains an elevated frequency of fish with vertebral numbers lower than those typical of European localities. Several distinct hypotheses have been advanced to account for these morphologically atypical fish: for example, they could represent (1) genetically “pure” American expatriates, (2) genetically “pure” European types with ontogenetic abnormalities, or (3) hybrids between American and European forms. Here we critically test these and other possibilities by examining the joint distributions of allozyme markers, mitochondrial DNA markers, and vertebral numbers in Icelandic eels. The particular patterns of association among the genetic and morphological traits demonstrate that the Iceland population includes, in low frequency, the products of hybridization between American and European eels. Approximately 2–4% of the gene pool in the Iceland eel population is derived from American eel ancestry. This hybrid zone is highly unusual in the biological world, because the mating events in catadromous eels presumably take place thousands of kilometers from where the hybrids are observed as maturing juveniles. The molecular data, in conjunction with the geographic distributions, strongly suggest that the differences in migrational behavior and morphology between American and European eels include an important additive genetic component. Evolutionary hypotheses are advanced to account for the original separation of North Atlantic eels into American and European populations, and for the presence of hybrids in Iceland.
Dyschromatosis Symmetrica Hereditaria of Late Onset?

Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH), also known as reticulated acropigmentation of Dohi, is an autosomal dominant disease with high penetrance, characterized by hypo- and hyperpigmented macules of varying sizes on the dorsal of the extremities with reticulated pattern. This paper presents a female patient with typical dermatological lesions, but only diagnosed in adulthood. It is necessary to perform differential diagnosis with other pigmentary disorders. This entity is not very common in South America, and the vast majority of cases were described in Japanese population. Since it is a benign disease, it is important to be aware of this diagnosis in order to establish the correct conduct for these patients.
Teaching and learning with ICT within the subject culture of secondary school science

This paper reports some of the findings from the science subject design initiative team in the ESRC Interactive Education Project at the University of Bristol. The subject culture of secondary school science, characterised by a content‐laden curriculum and assessment, but also with a tradition and requirement for practical work, is briefly described to give a picture of the environment in which the use of ICT was planned. Six science teachers, working in UK comprehensive schools, with between 2 and 18 years experience in the classroom planned subject design initiatives (SDI) in which practical work was simulated by software. Team discussions and individual interviews following the SDIs are summarised and early conclusions presented about the resulting shift in pedagogic approach and subject culture.
Face recognition using adaptive margin fisher's criterion and linear discriminant analysis (AMFC-LDA)

Selecting a low dimensional feature subspace from thousands of features is a key phenomenon for optimal classification. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is a basic well recognized supervised classifier that is effectively employed for classification. However, two problems arise in intra class during discriminant analysis. Firstly, in training phase the number of samples in intra class is smaller than the dimensionality of the sample which makes LDA unstable. The other is high computational cost due to redundant and irrelevant data points in intra class. An Adaptive Margin Fisher's Criterion Linear Discriminant Analysis (AMFC/LDA) is proposed that a ddresses these issues and overcomes the limitations of intra class problems. Small Sample Size (SSS) problem is resolved through modified Maximum Margin Criterion (MMC), which is a form of customized LDA and convex hull. Inter class is defined using LDA while intra class is formulated using quick hull respectively. Similarly, computational cost is reduced by reformulating within class scatter matrix through minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR) algorithm while preserving discriminant information. The proposed algorithm reveals encouraging performance. Finally, a comparison is made with existing approaches.
Acceptability of Language Interventions: A Comparison of Preschool and Elementary Teachers' Responses

This study used structured analogue situations to examine factors that might influence teachers' preferences and opinions about language interventions. These factors included respondent groups (preschool vs. elementary school teachers), type of treatment approach (naturalistic vs. therapeutic), person delivering the intervention (classroom teacher vs. speech and language pathologist [SLP]), and severity of language delay (mild vs. severe). Sixty-six teachers (28 elementary and 38 preschool teachers) participated in this survey study. Results showed that preschool teachers found naturalistic approaches slightly more acceptable than the therapeutic approach, whereas elementary school teachers viewed the therapeutic approach as somewhat more acceptable than naturalistic approaches. Teachers rated three intervention approaches differently when they were applied to children with mild versus severe language delays. Implications for research and practice of these findings are discussed.
An Improved Model of Self-Heating Effects for Ultrathin Body SOI nMOSFETs Based on Phonon Scattering Analysis

Self-heating effects of ultrathin body silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structure are studied by introducing the phonon scattering mechanisms. An improved model of self-heating effects is present considering the heat generation and the thermal diffusion mechanisms. The thermal conductivity parameters are extracted using transient plane source method from the experiment data. The temperature distributions caused by self-heating effects in the silicon layer of SOI nMOSFETs are verified by the numerical Sentaurus TCAD simulation data. The results show that with the thickness of the silicon layer between the gate and the buried oxide decreasing down to sub-20 nm, the phonon scattering rate of free and bound electrons, and the boundary reflection should be taken into consideration in the modeling of self-heating effects.
Preventing adolescent health-risk behaviors by strengthening protection during childhood.

OBJECTIVE To examine the long-term effects of an intervention combining teacher training, parent education, and social competence training for children during the elementary grades on adolescent health-risk behaviors at age 18 years. DESIGN Nonrandomized controlled trial with follow-up 6 years after intervention. SETTING Public elementary schools serving high-crime areas in Seattle, Wash. PARTICIPANTS Of the fifth-grade students enrolled in participating schools, 643 (76%) were given written parental consent for the longitudinal study and 598 (93%) were followed up and interviewed at age 18 years. INTERVENTIONS A full intervention provided in grades 1 through 6 of 5 days of in-service training for teachers each intervention year, developmentally appropriate parenting classes offered to parents when children were in grades 1 through 3 and 5 through 6, and developmentally adjusted social competence training for children in grades 1 and 6. A late intervention, provided in grades 5 and 6 only, paralleled the full intervention at these grades. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reported violent and nonviolent crime, substance use, sexual activity, pregnancy, bonding to school, school achievement, grade repetition and school dropout, suspension and/or expulsion, and school misbehavior; delinquency charges from court records; grade point average; California Achievement Test scores: and disciplinary action reports from school records. RESULTS Fewer students receiving full intervention than control students reported violent delinquent acts (48.3% vs 59.7%; P=.04), heavy drinking (15.4% vs 25.6%; P=.04), sexual intercourse (72.1% vs 83.0%; P=.02), having multiple sex partners (49.7% vs 61.5%; P=.04), and pregnancy or causing pregnancy (17.1% vs 26.4%; P=.06) by age 18 years. The full intervention student group reported more commitment (P=.03) and attachment (P=.006) to school, better academic achievement (P=.01), and less school misbehavior (P=.02) than control students. Late intervention in grades 5 and 6 only did not significantly affect health-risk behaviors in adolescence. CONCLUSIONS A package of interventions with teachers, parents, and children provided throughout the elementary grades can have enduring effects in reducing violent behavior, heavy drinking, and sexual intercourse by age 18 years among multiethnic urban children. Results are consistent with the theoretical model guiding the intervention and support efforts to reduce health-risk behaviors through universal interventions in selected communities or schools serving high-crime neighborhoods.
A Study of the Impact of Different Direction-of-Motion Stereotypes on Response Time and Response Accuracy Using Neural Network

The relationship between a control movement and the effect most expected by a population is known as a direction-of-motion stereotype. Such stereotypes are important in order to study the impact of different design variables on user performance. In this paper, a neural network-based method is proposed to quantify the causal connection among design variables and to compute their relative influences on the two performance measures of user response time and response accuracy. Based on the experimental data presented here, the best operating condition with which to optimize each of the measures is suggested. Some useful observations about the relationship between design variables and measures are also presented and discussed. In ergonomics, there have been a lack of useful quantitative methods for investigating the mappings between different displays and controls under a variety of operating conditions. The major contribution of this study is to provide some insight into the usefulness of quantitative methods in evaluating display-control compatibility.
The Relationship Between Perceived Interparental Conflict and Malaysian Young Adults' Attitudes Toward Divorce

In the context of an upward trend in divorce rates in Malaysia, this article explores the relationship between Malaysian young adults' perceptions of interparental conflict and their own attitudes toward divorce. Two questionnaires were administered to 160 young adults between 18 and 30 years old: the Attitude Towards Divorce Scale and the Perceptions of Interparental Conflict−Intensity/Frequency Scale. A positive relationship was found between perceived intensity and frequency of interparent conflict and attitudes toward divorce in males and females, respectively; however, the associations were weak. Future investigations of divorce need to take into consideration both the cultural factors that are influential within a society and how they shape gender norms within that population to gain a greater understanding of this relationship. Such investigations will increase the understanding of non-Western culture's unique interaction between attitudes and divorce, thus potentially aiding future efforts to strengthen marriages and families.
On the path integral representation for Wilson loops and the non-Abelian Stokes theorem II

This paper is a revised version of our recent publication Faber et al. , Phys. Rev. D62 (2000) 025019, hep–th/9907048. The main revision concerns the expansion into group characters that we have used for the evaluation of path integrals over gauge degrees of freedom. In the present paper we apply the expansion recommended by Diakonov and Petrov in hep–lat/0008004. Our former expansion was approximate and in the region of the particular values of parameters violated the completeness condition by 1.4%. We show that by using the expansion into characters recommended by Diakonov and Petrov in hep–lat/0008004 our previous results are retained and the path integral over gauge degrees of freedom for Wilson loops derived by Diakonov and Petrov (Phys. Lett. B224 (1989) 131 and, correspond-ingly, hep–lat/0008004) by using a special regularization is erroneous and predicts zero value for the Wilson loop. This property is obtained by direct evaluation of path integrals for Wilson loops deﬁned for pure SU (2) gauge ﬁelds and Z (2) center vortices with spatial azimuthal symmetry. Further we show that both derivations given by Diakonov and Petrov for their regularized path integral, if done correctly, predict also zero value for Wilson loops. Therefore, the application of their path integral representation of Wilson loops cannot give a new way to check conﬁnement in lattice as has been declared by Diakonov and Petrov (Phys. Lett. B242 (1990) 425 and hep–lat/0008004). Our statement pointing out that none non–Abelian Stokes theorem can exist for Wilson loops except the old–fashioned one derived by means of the path-ordering procedure is retained. It is based on well–deﬁned properties of group characters and is not related to whatever explicit method of evaluation of path integrals is applied. Comments on the paper hep–lat/0008004 by Diakonov and Petrov are given. Some misprints in our paper Phys. Rev. D62 (2000) 025019 are corrected.
Partner Discrepancies in Distressed Marriages

ABSTRACT Spousal discrepancy theory posits that partners with wide personality differences are at risk for marital distress. In this study, we assessed links between partner personality and interpersonal characteristics and marital distress in 244 couples who sought marital therapy. The sample was divided into three subgroups according to marital duration. Longer-married couples reflected significantly less impulsive, exploitive, and insensitive characteristics than couples in either shorter or intermediate marriages. Couples' marital distress was linked to larger discrepancies in personal distress, impulsivity, interpersonal insensitivity, and self-centered characteristics. While husbands' marital distress was linked to partner differences in personal distress and to impulsive, narcissistic, and competitive characteristics, wives' marital distress was primarily linked to partner discrepancies in self-centeredness.
Atenção e Memória Visual na população idosa: Uma associação etre as Habilidades Literárias sob Condições de Interferência. Attention and Visual Memory in the Aged Population: the conexion betwen Literary Habilities under Interference Condition.

Resumo Encontra-se frequentemente uma deterioracao nas capacidades de atencao e memoria na populacao idosa. Contudo, outros factores para alem da idade contribuem a essa deterioracao. Neste estudo procurou-se a associacao entre as habilitacoes literarias e deficits de atencao e memoria visual na presenca de interferencia. Os participantes (57 individuos entre os 65 e os 92 anos de idade), responderam ao: (a) teste Toulose - Pieron; e (b) sub - teste de Reproducao Visual da Escala de Memoria de Wechsler Revista. O teste de Stroop foi usado para criar condicoes de interferencia na memoria visual. Os idosos com maior nivel de escolaridade revelaram uma maior performance nas provas que requerem uma maior concentracao, independentemente da idade, assim como uma maior resposta aos estimulos mediante a apresentacao de interferencias . Palavras-Chave: Envelhecimento; Deficit Cognitivo Leve; Atencao; Memoria; Habilidades Literarias.
Damage to the Salience Network and Interactions with the Default Mode Network

Interactions between the Salience Network (SN) and the Default Mode Network (DMN) are thought to be important for cognitive control. However, evidence for a causal relationship between the networks is limited. Previously, we have reported that traumatic damage to white matter tracts within the SN predicts abnormal DMN function. Here we investigate the effect of this damage on network interactions that accompany changing motor control. We initially used fMRI of the Stop Signal Task to study response inhibition in humans. In healthy subjects, functional connectivity (FC) between the right anterior insula (rAI), a key node of the SN, and the DMN transiently increased during stopping. This change in FC was not seen in a group of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with impaired cognitive control. Furthermore, the amount of SN tract damage negatively correlated with FC between the networks. We confirmed these findings in a second group of TBI patients. Here, switching rather than inhibiting a motor response: (1) was accompanied by a similar increase in network FC in healthy controls; (2) was not seen in TBI patients; and (3) tract damage after TBI again correlated with FC breakdown. This shows that coupling between the rAI and DMN increases with cognitive control and that damage within the SN impairs this dynamic network interaction. This work provides compelling evidence for a model of cognitive control where the SN is involved in the attentional capture of salient external stimuli and signals the DMN to reduce its activity when attention is externally focused.