Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transforming system operations' interactions into a design class diagram

This work reports the results of the development of a model transformation realized in Kermeta. This transformation accepts a Domain Model and a set of Communication Diagrams containing the design of system operations corresponding to the same use-case. The result is a Design Class Diagram expressing the class structure that part of a system should logically exhibit in order to enable the occurrence of the interactions specified in the Communication Diagrams. To that end, along with specific meta-models for input models and for the output model, an executable model for the transformation was defined. This paper reviews the elements involved in the development of this transformation, and describes the design of its structure and behavior. The transformation was applied to a case study taken from the bibliography and the results are presented and discussed.
Dependency Parsing with Short Dependency Relations in Unlabeled Data

This paper presents an effective dependency parsing approach of incorporating short dependency information from unlabeled data. The unlabeled data is automatically parsed by a deterministic dependency parser, which can provide relatively high performance for short dependencies between words. We then train another parser which uses the information on short dependency relations extracted from the output of the first parser. Our proposed approach achieves an unlabeled attachment score of 86.52, an absolute 1.24% improvement over the baseline system on the data set of Chinese Treebank.
Multiple cytoplasmic signals direct the intracellular trafficking of chicken kidney AE1 anion exchangers in MDCK cells

AE1/Fc receptor chimeras have been used to define the sequences that direct the basolateral sorting, recycling and cytoskeletal association of the chicken AE1-4 anion exchanger in MDCK cells. These analyses revealed that amino acids 1-63 of AE1-4 were sufficient to redirect a cytoplasmic tailless murine IgG FcRII B2 receptor from the apical to the basolateral membrane of MDCK cells, where Fc1-63 associated with elements of the actin cytoskeleton. In contrast to Fc1-63, chimeras containing amino acids 1-37 (Fc1-37) or 38-63 (Fc38-63) of AE1-4 accumulated in intracellular membrane compartments that overlapped late endosomes and the trans-Golgi network (TGN), respectively. Internalization assays indicated that the patterns of localization observed for Fc1-37 and Fc38-63 resulted from the recycling of these chimeras from the cell surface. These assays further indicated that Fc1-37 and Fc38-63 each possess a basolateral sorting activity. Mutagenesis studies revealed that the endocytic and basolateral sorting activities in Fc1-37 are dependent upon serine 25, which is located in a sequence similar to a sorting signal in the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor. In addition, the sorting activities associated with Fc38-63 were dependent upon tyrosine 47 and leucine 50. These residues resided within the sequence, YVEL, which matches the YXXΦ motif (where X is any amino acid and Φ is a hydrophobic residue) that functions as an endocytic and TGN recycling signal for other membrane proteins. Our data indicate that amino acids 1-63 of AE1-4 contain sorting and cytoskeletal binding activities that account for most of the properties previously associated with AE1-4 in MDCK cells. Furthermore, the alternative localization patterns exhibited by chimeras containing various combinations of these activities suggest that interplay between these cytoplasmic activities is critical for specifying AE1-4 localization in epithelial cells.
Dropouts Issues and Its Economic Implications Evidence From Rural Communities In Ghana

Education helps individuals fulfill and apply their abilities and talents and increases productivity in an economy. Dropping out of school at the basic level is a serious educational and social problem especially in the rural areas which is worth investigating. The study adopts a descriptive research design and employed quantitative research method. The sample size is a total of 50 households which were selected using systematic sampling technique. The study finds that the number of dropouts per community is relatively enormous. The total number of dropouts is 93 and this represent 55.4% of the number of children enrolled in school. The prominent factors identified to influence dropouts in this study, include poverty, low level of parental education, long distances to school and corporal punishment. The phenomenon of dropping out of school has serious socioeconomic implications such as unemployment and its related social vices, increased dependency ratio and child marriages in the rural areas. Holistic efforts of all stakeholders including the Ghana Education Service and school authorities, the parents and the students themselves should be involved in seeking solutions to dropouts.
The Pontryagin Maximum Principle and Transversality Conditions for a Class of Optimal Control Problems with Infinite Time Horizons

This paper suggests some further developments in the theory of first-order necessary optimality conditions for problems of optimal control with infinite time horizons. We describe an approximation technique involving auxiliary finite-horizon optimal control problems and use it to prove new versions of the Pontryagin maximum principle. Special attention is paid to the behavior of the adjoint variables and the Hamiltonian. Typical cases, in which standard transversality conditions hold at infinity, are described. Several significant earlier results are generalized.
No confinement without Coulomb confinement.

We compare the physical potential V(D)(R) of an external quark-antiquark pair in the representation D of SU(N), to the color-Coulomb potential V(coul)(R) which is the instantaneous part of the 44-component: of the gluon propagator in Coulomb-gauge D44(x-->,t)=V(coul)(|x-->|)delta(t)+(noninstantaneous). We show that if V(D)(R) is confining, lim(V(D)(R)=+ infinity, as is believed to hold in the absence of dynamical quarks, then the inequality V(D)(R)<or=-C(D)V(coul)(R) holds asymptotically at large R, where C(D)>0 is the Casimir in the representation D. This implies that -V(coul)(R) is also confining.
Using Kindergarten Language, Dialect Variation, and Child Behavior to Predict Second Grade Reading Ability in African American Children

Previous research has demonstrated mixed findings pertaining to the risk conferred by variation from Mainstream American English (MAE) for African American children in our education system. Based on the research on language, behavior, and reading, the present study sought to examine the relative and combined contributions of culturally appropriate measures of risk status for disordered language and density of dialect use and classroom behavior (both competencies and problems) in predicting reading ability in a sample of typically developing African American elementary school students. 53 African American Kindergartner's (27 boys, 26 girls) were followed up with two years later in 2nd grade. In Kindergarten, children were screened for density of dialect use and risk of language impairment; teachers rated each child on behavior, social/emotional adjustment, and academic performance. Reading achievement was assessed in 2nd grade. Risk for disordered language development was the best predictor of 2nd grade reading, outperforming density of dialect use. Positive classroom behaviors were more predictive of reading than negative behaviors. This research supports the notion that language, classroom behavior, and reading achievement are intertwined in a complex manner and that when designing interventions for one, the entire system must be considered.
Functional Genomics of Brain Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease: Focus on Selective Neuronal Vulnerability

Pivotal brain functions, such as neurotransmission, cognition, and memory, decline with advancing age and, especially, in neurodegenerative conditions associated with aging, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Yet, deterioration in structure and function of the nervous system during aging or in AD is not uniform throughout the brain. Selective neuronal vulnerability (SNV) is a general but sometimes overlooked characteristic of brain aging and AD. There is little known at the molecular level to account for the phenomenon of SNV. Functional genomic analyses, through unbiased whole genome expression studies, could lead to new insights into a complex process such as SNV. Genomic data generated using both human brain tissue and brains from animal models of aging and AD were analyzed in this review. Convergent trends that have emerged from these data sets were considered in identifying possible molecular and cellular pathways involved in SNV. It appears that during normal brain aging and in AD, neurons vulnerable to injury or cell death are characterized by significant decreases in the expression of genes related to mitochondrial metabolism and energy production. In AD, vulnerable neurons also exhibit down-regulation of genes related to synaptic neurotransmission and vesicular transport, cytoskeletal structure and function, and neurotrophic factor activity. A prominent category of genes that are up-regulated in AD are those related to inflammatory response and some components of calcium signaling. These genomic differences between sensitive and resistant neurons can now be used to explore the molecular underpinnings of previously suggested mechanisms of cell injury in aging and AD.
Complement component 1Q (C1Q) upregulation in retina of murine, primate, and human glaucomatous eyes.

PURPOSE Complement has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether complement activation is part of the pathogenesis of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss in glaucoma. METHODS mRNA and protein was extracted from the retina and brain of DBA/2 and C57/BL6 mice and subjected to RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis, respectively. In addition, eyes from the same mouse strains were subjected to immunohistochemistry with antibodies specific to complement component 1q (C1q). Eyes from monkeys with unilateral experimental glaucoma were also subjected to immunohistochemical analysis, as were eyes from human subjects with or without glaucoma. RESULTS C1q mRNA and C1q protein were found to be upregulated in the retina of glaucomatous DBA/2 mice. Upregulation of C1q preceded the time of extensive RGC death and increased with increasing age to 15 months in the retina, but not in the brain. No age-related C1q upregulation was detected in the reference mouse strain (C57BL/6), which develops significant nonglaucomatous RGC loss toward the end of the same time frame. C1q upregulation was also detected in laser-induced glaucomatous monkey eyes and in some (but not all) eyes of patients with glaucoma. C1q upregulation was localized to the Müller cells within the retina and in the area of the inner limiting membrane. CONCLUSIONS Complement expression is upregulated in the retina of two commonly used glaucoma models (in the DBA/2 mouse and the monkey) and in some human glaucomatous eyes. The timing of this upregulation suggests that complement activation plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
Agreement between body mass index and the sum of skinfolds in adolescents with different levels of physical activity

Purpose. the purpose of this study was to examine the agreement between body mass index and body fat estimate among adolescents with different physical activity (PA) levels, using the sum of skinfolds as our criterion. Methods. this was a cross-sectional study with 732 adolescent participants (63.4% of which were female), with an average age of 16.1 (±1.1) years old. the reference method used to estimate the body fat was the sum of triceps and subscapular skinfolds. BMI was calculated using body mass and height values. the PA was estimated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire – IPAQ (short version). Bland-Altman diagrams were used to evaluate the agreement between BMI and the sum of skinfolds and were transformed into a Z score. Results. For males, BMI overestimated body fat among those who did (mean error = -0.67; p < 0.001) and those who did not (mean error = -0.45; p < 0.001) meet the recommended PA values with a greater error observed for those who met PA recommendations. For females, BMI underestimated body fat among those who met (mean error = 0.29; p < 0.001) and did not meet (mean error = 0.41; p < 0.001) the recommended PA values with a greater error observed for those who did not meet recommendations. Conclusions. Compared to sum of skinfolds, there was weak agreement between BMI and body fat among adolescents, especially among those with higher or lower PA levels. the use of other methods to estimate body fat in such cases is strongly recommended.
05 05 60 3 v 1 3 0 M ay 2 00 5 The composition and size distribution of the dust in the coma of comet

We discuss the composition and size distribution of the dust in the coma of comet HaleBopp. We do this using a model fit for the infrared emission mea sured by the infrared space observatory (ISO) and the measured degree of linear polariz ation of scattered light at various phase angles and wavelengths. The e ff cts of particle shape on the modeled optical properties of the dust grains are taken into account. Both th e short wavelength (7-44 μm) and the long wavelength (44-120 μm) infrared spectrum are fitted using the same dust parameters, as well as the degree of linear polarization at 12 d ifferent wavelengths in the optical to near infrared domains. We constrain our fit by forc ing the abundances of the major rock forming chemical elements to be equal to those obs rved in meteorites. The infrared spectrum at long wavelengths reveals that large gr ains are needed in order to fit the spectral slope. The size and shape distribution we employ al l ws us to estimate the sizes of the crystalline silicates. The ratios of the strength of var ious forsterite features show that the crystalline silicate grains in Hale-Bopp must be submicron sized. On the basis of our analysis the presence of large crystalline silicate grains in the coma can be excluded. Because of this lack of large crystalline grains combined with the fact that we do need large amorphous grains to fit the emission spectrum at long wavelengths, we ne ed only approximately 4% of crystalline silicates by mass (forsterite and enstatite ) o reproduce the observed spectral features. After correcting for possible hidden crystallin e material included in large amorphous grains, our best estimate of the total mass fraction of crystalline material is∼7.5%, which is significantly lower than deduced in previous studie s in which the typical derived crystallinity is∼20− 30%. The implications of this low abundance of crystalline m aterial on the possible origin and evolution of the comet are discuss ed. We conclude that the crystallinity we observe in Hale-Bopp is consistent with the pro duction of crystalline silicates in the inner solar system by thermal annealing and subsequen t radial mixing to the comet forming region ( ∼30 AU).
Overexpression of N-terminal kinase like gene promotes tumorigenicity of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating cell cycle progression and cell motility

Amplification and overexpression of CHD1L is one of the most frequent genetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we found that one of CHD1L downstream targets, NTKL, was frequently upregulated in HCC, which was significantly correlated with vascular invasion (P = 0.012) and poor prognosis (P = 0.050) of HCC. ChIP assay demonstrated the binding of CHD1L to the promoter region of NTKL. QRT-PCR study showed that the expression of NTKL positively correlated with CHD1L expression in both clinical samples and cell lines. Functional study found that NTKL had strong oncogenic roles, including increased cell growth, colony formation in soft agar, and tumor formation in nude mice. Further study found that NTKL could promote G1/S transition by decreasing P53 and increasing CyclinD1 expressions. NTKL overexpression could accelerate the mitotic exit and chromosome segregation, which led to the cytokinesis failure and subsequently induced apoptosis. NTKL also regulated cell motility by facilitating philopodia and lamellipodia formation through regulating F-actin reorganization and the phosphorylation of small GTPase Rac1/cdc42. Using co-IP and mass spectrometry approach, we identified the large GTPase dynamin2 as an interacting protein of NTKL, which might be responsible for the phenotype alterations caused by NTKL overexpression, such as cytokinesis failure, increased cell motility and abnormal of cell division.
Multidimensional tests as a fundamental diagnostic tools in the prophylactic and therapeutic agonology – methodological basis of personal safety (Part II: motor and psychomotor multidimensional tests)

Background & Study Aim: The author in “Part I: non-motoric simulation” defines two types of multidimensional tests (motor and psychomotor) and also simulation (simulation studies) distinguishing motor (psychomotoric) simulations and non-motor simulation. These tests and simulations applied in positive health and ability to survived diagnosis. The aim of this study is scientific argumentation create multidimensional tests for the diagnosis of positive health and ability to survive in the universal sense. Material & Methods: Secondary analysis of the results obtained while studying the multidimensional military specific test (MMST10) comprises 10 tasks (motor and psychomotor) performed at a distance of 3 km of simulated attack. Each task is assessed individually in terms of its effectiveness using scores according to the T scale (from 1 to 100 points). Points are assigned depending on the time needed to perform the task. The assessment of tasks 1, 2, 5, 9 and 10 may be supplemented with relevant information. Time remains the only criterion for the effectiveness of tasks: 4, 6, 7, 8. Polish military cadets (34 experimental group, 36 control group), who began their studies in academic year 1979/1980 (there were two hostile political and military systems during this period, and terrorism was common). Average age cadets from experimental group 20.41 years, control group 20.55 years. Cadets during the first 8 months of military training four times done an MMST-10. Results: The actual multidimensional effect of modern military training was reflected by the MMST-10 results achieved after 46 weeks. The only difference which was not statistically significant was the one between the results of task 2 and 9 (throwing a grenade to a facade window). Nearly equal coefficients of partial correlation (r = 0.953; 0.987 and −0.900) between overall results of the MMST-10 and its constituents indicates that the quality of military tasks performed at a distance of 3,000 m and the duration of the test have an identical impact on the quality of military tasks performed. Conclusions: Associating the results of multidimensional tests in the category of motor or psychomotor simulation with results of simulation research supported by modern technology, but first of all with results of non-motor simulation creates the basis for determining the criteria for safe estimation of survival ability exhibited by persons with a certain probability of complete feasibility of action in given category of threat to life or health.
Sunitinib: a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor. A brief review of its therapeutic potential in the treatment of renal carcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST)

Sunitinib malate is a novel oral multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antitumor and antiangiogenic activities. Sunitinib was recently approved in first-line treatment for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and for the treatment of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) after disease progression or intolerance to imatinib mesylate therapy. We report the very interesting results of the phase II trials after cytokin failure and of the randomized recent trial of sunitinib versus cytokin-based therapy in first-line treatment for patients with metastatic RCC, as well as the promising results of the recent trials on patients with GIST after disease progression or intolerance to imatinib mesylate therapy. Oral sunitinib demonstrates a high level of efficacy with acceptable tolerability with the 50 mg daily for 4 weeks followed by 2 weeks off schedule; a continuous schedule could be of interest. Hypertension and asthenia are the most common side effects with sunitinib. Regardless of these encouraging results, studies investigating sunitinib in first-line treatment (for patients with GIST), adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings are awaited, as well as trials using sunitinb in combination with chemotherapy or other targeted therapies. Clinical trials investigating sunitinib in other tumor types are ongoing.
A Survey of Web Caching and Prefetching

Web caching and prefetching are the most popular techniques that play a key role in improving the Web performance by keeping web objects that are likely to be visited in the near future closer to the client. Web caching can work independently or integrated with the web prefetching. The Web caching and prefetching can complement each other since the web caching exploits the temporal locality for predicting revisiting requested objects, while the web prefetching utilizes the spatial locality for predicting next related web objects of the requested Web objects. This paper reviews principles and some existing web caching and prefetching approaches. The conventional and intelligent web caching techniques are investigated and discussed. Moreover, Web prefetching techniques are summarized and classified with comparison limitations of these approaches. This paper also presents and discusses some studies that take into consideration impact of integrating both web caching and web prefetching together.
EXPERIENCES IN PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDING

Photogrammetric textured representations of archaeological sites, and above all orthorectification, combine geometric accuracy with visual detail (regarding damage or decay), thus providing a suitable basis for conservation. Yet, orthoprojection in archaeology still poses difficult problems. At the examples of two ancient Greek sites, certain issues are discussed and illustrated. First, in most cases sites need to be recorded from considerable heights above ground with special low-cost camera platforms (balloon, modified fishingrod etc.). A usual consequence of ‘unstable’ camera elevators is poor control over image rotations, responsible for irregular strip geometry; bundle adjustment is further complicated by unknown interior orientation of lightweight non-metric cameras and strong distortions of wide-angle lenses. A second crucial aspect dealt with here is the authors’ approach for precise surface modeling to ensure products of both geometric accuracy and high iconic quality; this entails surface description through a careful combination of breaklines and densely sampled spot elevations for handling edges and surface discontinuities. Regarding laser scanning, now being extensively tried in the context of archaeology, experiments carried out here confirmed that it could indeed replace tedious photogrammetric 3D modeling in several cases. However, it is rather clear that laser scanning cannot in fact totally replace photogrammetric modeling. This is due not only to problems posed by shape, size, location and surroundings of many archaeological objects, but also to problems emerging mainly with respect to edges. It is concluded that simple means of image acquisition and careful photogrammetric handling can produce results of high geometric and visual quality, while tiresome photogrammetric modeling can partly (but sometimes cannot) be replaced by laser scanning. Functional synergy of the two approaches is a delicate matter to be further investigated.