Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cellular Memory of Acquired Stress Resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Cellular memory of past experiences has been observed in several organisms and across a variety of experiences, including bacteria “remembering” prior nutritional status and amoeba “learning” to anticipate future environmental conditions. Here, we show that Saccharomyces cerevisiae maintains a multifaceted memory of prior stress exposure. We previously demonstrated that yeast cells exposed to a mild dose of salt acquire subsequent tolerance to severe doses of H2O2. We set out to characterize the retention of acquired tolerance and in the process uncovered two distinct aspects of cellular memory. First, we found that H2O2 resistance persisted for four to five generations after cells were removed from the prior salt treatment and was transmitted to daughter cells that never directly experienced the pretreatment. Maintenance of this memory did not require nascent protein synthesis after the initial salt pretreatment, but rather required long-lived cytosolic catalase Ctt1p that was synthesized during salt exposure and then distributed to daughter cells during subsequent cell divisions. In addition to and separable from the memory of H2O2 resistance, these cells also displayed a faster gene-expression response to subsequent stress at >1000 genes, representing transcriptional memory. The faster gene-expression response requires the nuclear pore component Nup42p and serves an important function by facilitating faster reacquisition of H2O2 tolerance after a second cycle of salt exposure. Memory of prior stress exposure likely provides a significant advantage to microbial populations living in ever-changing environments.
The Effect of Long-Distance Family Migration and Motherhood on Partnered Women's Labour-Market Activity Rates in Great Britain and the USA

Many studies of long-distance family migration demonstrate that female partners are often disenfranchised in the labour market. One factor that has not been fully considered is the role of children. Heterosexual couples may be more likely to migrate in favour of the male ‘breadwinner's’ career if the couple have children, or are planning to commence childrearing in the foreseeable future. However, little work seems to have examined this empirically. The authors focus on the influence of ‘motherhood’ in different national contexts, using comparable census microdata for Great Britain and the United States. They test whether apparent ‘tied migration’ effects may in fact be influenced by family decisions related to childbearing/childrearing, and two sets of modelling results are provided. First, they examine whether the effects of long-distance family migration on women's labour-market status is influenced by the presence or absence of children of different ages. Second, they conduct the same analysis for women who have a high-status occupation. The results demonstrate that women in families with young children are most likely to be out of employment after family migration. A smaller, but similar, tied-migration effect exists for families with older children and families with no children. The same pattern exists for women in high-status occupations. Tied migration appears to influence women's labour-market status equally in Great Britain and the United States, regardless of the presence or absence of children.
Income inequality and health: new evidence from panel data

This paper argues that previous cross-country (panel) studies on the relationship between income inequality and health suffer from significant biases due to (i) omitted country-specific factors, (ii) endogeneity, and (iii) cross-country heterogeneity in the impact of inequality on health. Using panel cointegration techniques that are robust to omitted variables, endogenous regressors, and slope heterogeneity, we find that income inequality has, on average, a small, but robust and statistically significant positive impact on population health. Also, there is some evidence that inequality is endogenous in the sense that poor health leads to increased income inequality. Finally, we find that there are large cross-country differences in the effect of income inequality on health (in about 35 percent of the cases, the effect is negative).
Negative Feedback and Transcriptional Overshooting in a Regulatory Network for Horizontal Gene Transfer

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a major force driving bacterial evolution. Because of their ability to cross inter-species barriers, bacterial plasmids are essential agents for HGT. This ability, however, poses specific requisites on plasmid physiology, in particular the need to overcome a multilevel selection process with opposing demands. We analyzed the transcriptional network of plasmid R388, one of the most promiscuous plasmids in Proteobacteria. Transcriptional analysis by fluorescence expression profiling and quantitative PCR revealed a regulatory network controlled by six transcriptional repressors. The regulatory network relied on strong promoters, which were tightly repressed in negative feedback loops. Computational simulations and theoretical analysis indicated that this architecture would show a transcriptional burst after plasmid conjugation, linking the magnitude of the feedback gain with the intensity of the transcriptional burst. Experimental analysis showed that transcriptional overshooting occurred when the plasmid invaded a new population of susceptible cells. We propose that transcriptional overshooting allows genome rebooting after horizontal gene transfer, and might have an adaptive role in overcoming the opposing demands of multilevel selection.
Transformative conversations about sexualities pedagogy and the experience of sexual knowing

One of the hallmarks of sex education traditionally has been its Cartesian endorsement of mind/body dualism; we have preferred to equate ‘self’ as synonymous with ‘mind’, and have invested heavily in believing in the valence of rationality‐based sexualities education. We generally do not consider the way ‘self’ negotiates, interprets and relates to sexual knowledge in all of our complexity, including our messy, embodied and emotional lives. In this paper I address what I think are several much‐needed conversations for a holistic pedagogy of sexualities to incorporate, including the falseness of the mind/body split, reconsidering what counts as sexual knowledge, the role of the performative in communicating our sexual knowing, and the importance of considering affect in learning about sexualities. The second part of the paper examines pedagogical considerations currently absent in dialogues of sexualities education, such as incorporating transformational learning strategies in teaching sexualities, and what it means to educate toward being a sexual citizen. Finally, I will outline how discussions of epistephenomenology (our relationship to and how we experience knowledge) can contribute to moving toward a vision of a critical, cultural sexualities education.
Suicide and the Gifted Adolescent

This preliminary study examines factors in suicidal behaviors among gifted adolescents. Surveys were sent to school counselors in 129 high schools representing districts with a broad ethnic base. Information regarding any suicide-related occurrence was requested without any specific reference to the gifted being made. From a total student population of 40,805, there were 42 reports of suicide-related occurrences. Adolescents identified as gifted comprised 19% of these occurrences, or eight cases. Of the eight, five were reported as gifted underachievers, two were in advanced placement classes, and two were in programs formally designated as gifted programs. None was a completed suicide. Variables considered in this study included sex, race, family status, extracurricular activity, nature of the attempt, and whether students were receiving professional help or had talked to friends about suicide. The conclusion is that, although these preliminary findings must be viewed with caution, they appear to support the mounting concern regarding suicide among gifted youth.
Learning Graph Matching

As a fundamental problem in pattern recognition, graph matching has found a variety of applications in the field of computer vision. In graph matching, patterns are modeled as graphs and pattern recognition amounts to finding a correspondence between the nodes of different graphs. There are many ways in which the problem has been formulated, but most can be cast in general as a quadratic assignment problem, where a linear term in the objective function encodes node compatibility functions and a quadratic term encodes edge compatibility functions. The main research focus in this theme is about designing efficient algorithms for solving approximately the quadratic assignment problem, since it is NP-hard. In this paper, we turn our attention to the complementary problem: how to estimate compatibility functions such that the solution of the resulting graph matching problem best matches the expected solution that a human would manually provide. We present a method for learning graph matching: the training examples are pairs of graphs and the "labels" are matchings between pairs of graphs. We present experimental results with real image data which give evidence that learning can improve the performance of standard graph matching algorithms. In particular, it turns out that linear assignment with such a learning scheme may improve over state-of-the-art quadratic assignment relaxations. This finding suggests that for a range of problems where quadratic assignment was thought to be essential for securing good results, linear assignment, which is far more efficient, could be just sufficient if learning is performed.
Spectral analysis of cell-graphs for automated cancer diagnosis

The cell-graph approach captures the information encoded in tissue samples by capturing the spatial distribution of cells and their cluster formations. In a cellgraph, nodes and edges represent the cell clusters and pairwise relationships between them, respectively. It is shown in [1] that the features of cell-graphs of cancerous tissues are significantly different from those of healthy tissues and benign reactive/inflammatory processes. Thus, cell-graphs can be used for the purpose of automated cancer diagnosis [1]. In this paper, we present a new set of features and show how effectively they aid to automated cancer diagnosis. In particular, we investigate the spectral decomposition of adjacency matrices and normalized Laplacian of the cell-graphs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first use of the spectral graph theory in tissue-based automated cancer diagnosis. Working with 646 brain biopsy samples of 60 different human patients, we demonstrate that the spectra of the cell-graphs of cancerous tissues are unique and distinguishable from those of the healthy and inflamed tissues with accuracy >90% (with a sensitivity of 91.57% and specificities of 93.75% and 98.15% for the inflamed and healthy tissues, respectively).
A New Tool for Identifying Children With Motor Problems

This study examined reliability and validity of the Zuk Assessment for diagnosis of motor problems and determined standardized scores in an Israeli population aged 5 to 6 years. For standardization, 156 children recruited from 13 Kindergartens of typically developing children were evaluated with the Zuk Assessment. Intrarater and interrater reliability were examined on 2 samples of 15 and 13 children, respectively. A total of 151 children referred for motor problems were examined with the Zuk and Movement Assessment Battery for Children assessment tools for validation of the Zuk Assessment. Findings showed that the Zuk total score had a normal distribution similar to that found in the literature identifying 5.1% (–2 standard deviations) and 12% (between –1 and –2 standard deviations) of children with motor-related problems. Reliability was indicated by high intraclass correlation scores both in intrarater (intraclass correlation = .89) and interrater (intraclass correlation = .95) paradigms. The Zuk assessment identified differences in subgroups, namely, typical, suspicious, and impaired, as found in the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, confirming the Zuk validity.
The Polish Peasant Revisited. Thomas and Znaniecki's Classic in the Light of Contemporary Transnational Migration Theory

The Polish Peasant in Europe and America, co-authored by William I. Thomas and Florian W. Znaniecki, is an extensive study of the transformations occurring in Polish society in the home country and among its emigrants in the United States. The five volumes that make up this classic study were published at different times between 1918 and 1920. The main aim of the two authors was of analysing the ways in which – under the impulse of industrialisation processes in Poland and emigration to the United States – peasants were increasingly becoming economically rational workers and drifting away from traditional modes of social organisation and behaviour.
In Situ Methodology for Studying State Driver Stress: A Between-Subjects Design Replication

Previous studies of driver stress have utilized in-vehicle in situ questionnaires to measure driver stress during the actual commute. These studies demonstrated several important findings, but all adopted a repeated-measures research design where each participant was exposed to counterbalanced high and low congestion conditions. This approach reduced between-subjects variability but increased the possibility of demand characteristics. The current study replicated the findings of the in situ methodology using a between-subjects research design. State stress was greater in heavy traffic. Time urgency, lack of perceived control, and trait susceptibility to perceiving driving as stressful contributed to higher levels of state driver stress. No gender differences in state driver stress were found. Implications of the results and future research directions are discussed.
Prototypical similarity, self-categorization, and depersonalized attraction: a perspective on group cohesiveness

In contrast to traditional approaches that widely equate group cohesiveness with interpersonal attraction, self‐categorization theoryargues that self‐categorization depersonalizes perception in terms of the group prototype, and transforms the basis of interindividual attitude (liking) from idiosyncracy into prototypicality. An implication is that while attraction in interpersonal relationships relates to overall similarity, attraction among group members is based on prototypical similarity. To test this idea, subjects (N = 219) participated in an experiment in which they reported their attitude towards an individual who would be their partner, or a fellow group member (of either group ‘Visual’ or group ‘Tactile’) for a subsequent task. Subject‐target similarity varied on each of two dimensions: dimension ‘A’ was more prototypical of group ‘Visual’, and dimension ‘F’ of group ‘Tactile’. The independent variables of social orientation (interpersonal, group ‘Visual’, group ‘Tactile’), similarity on dimension A (A ±), and dimension F(F±) were manipulated in a 3 × 2 × 2 design. The three hypotheses tested in this experiment were generally supported. Subjects preferred prototypically similar group members to interpersonal partners, and downgraded prototypically dissisimilar group members (HI). Identification was positively related to target evaluation (H2), more strongly for prototypically similar than dissimilar targets (H3), and the identification‐attraction relationship was mediated by perceived prototypical similarity. Group‐based effects were independent of perceptions of overall similarity. Copyright
What do distance language tutors say about teacher motivation?

Research into motivation in education mainly centres on students’ learning motivation. This article reports on an interview study of teacher motivation with the aim of investigating the effects of student-related factors and tutors’ personal factors on the motivation of language tutors in the distance learning context. Findings from the study indicate that external sources of influence include students’ engagement in learning English, motivation to learn English, progress made, foundation in English and appreciation of tutors’ teaching, while tutors’ internal factors are their self-efficacy in teaching, reflection and self-initiated professional development, interest in the profession of teaching English as well as their sense of achievement. Analysis of the data also suggests that more concrete measures are needed to counteract the demotivating effects from these two dimensions. Implications and suggestions are discussed with regard to enhancing tutor motivation more effectively.
Using learning styles theory in engineering education

Studies have shown that, while learning different concepts, people sometimes take different approaches (learning styles). Accordingly, their performance reflected differently in their academic studies. With the effect of globalisation to the educational environments, the influence of individual learning styles on educational performance is getting more significant. In this study, a learning style assessment tool was used to examine the relationship between students’ learning styles and their performance in engineering education programmes. At the beginning of the programme, 285 students’ learning styles were measured using a learning style assessment tool. Four years after the engineering education, their performance in the programme was compared with their individual learning styles. This study shows that most of the students are assimilators. Divergers and convergers follow the assimilators. The number of accommodators is very limited. The relationship between engineering students’ learning styles and their performance is found: assimilators and convergers performed better than the divergers and accommodators. The performance difference between assimilators and divergers is statistically significant. The results of this study show that the learning style theory is a potential tool for guiding the design and improvement of courses and helping students to improve their individual performance.
Attention to Configural Information in Change Detection for Faces

In recent research the change-detection paradigm has been used along with cueing manipulations to show that more attention is allocated to the upper than lower facial region, and that this attentional allocation is disrupted by inversion. We report two experiments the object of which was to investigate how the type of information changed might be a factor in these findings by explicitly comparing the role of attention in detecting change to information thought to be ‘special’ to faces (second-order relations) with information that is more useful for basic-level object discrimination (first-order relations). Results suggest that attention is automatically directed to second-order relations in upright faces, but not first-order relations, and that this pattern of attentional allocation is similar across features.
Transfer of lacZ marker gene to the meniscus.

BACKGROUND Lesions in the avascular two-thirds of the meniscus do not heal well and are of concern clinically. Various growth factors promote the synthesis of matrix by meniscal cells and thus have the potential to augment healing. However, their clinical application is severely hindered by problems with delivery. An attractive approach to overcoming such problems is to transfer genes that encode the growth factors in question to the site of the injury. As a prelude to this, we evaluated methods for delivering genes to the meniscus. METHODS Gene transfer was evaluated in vitro and in vivo with a lacZ marker gene, which expresses the enzyme beta-galactosidase. Two types of vectors were tested: an adenovirus and a retrovirus. Monolayers of lapine, canine, and human meniscal cells, as well as intact lapine and human menisci, were used for the in vitro studies. Lesions were created in the menisci of rabbits and dogs for the in vivo studies. Gene transfer to the sites of the experimental meniscal lesions in vivo was accomplished in two ways. In the lapine model, a suspension of adenovirus carrying the lacZ marker gene was mixed with whole blood and the clot was inserted into the lesion. In the canine model, retrovirally transduced allogenic meniscal cells carrying the lacZ marker gene were embedded in collagen gels and transferred to the defects. The animals were killed at various time-points, and gene expression was evaluated by histological examination of sections stained with 5-bromo-4-chloro-indolyl-beta-D-galactose (X-gal), from which a blue chromagen is released in the presence of beta-galactosidase. RESULTS Monolayer cultures of lapine, canine, and human meniscal cells were susceptible to genetic transduction by both adenoviral and retroviral vectors. In vitro gene transfer to intact human and lapine menisci proved possible both by direct, adenoviral, delivery and indirect, retroviral, delivery. Gene expression persisted for at least twenty weeks under in vitro conditions. With regard to the in vivo studies, gene expression persisted within the clot and in some of the adjacent meniscal cells for at least three weeks in the lapine defect model. In the canine defect model, gene expression persisted within the transplanted, transduced meniscal cells for at least six weeks. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to transfer genes to sites of meniscal damage and to express them locally within the lesion for several weeks.
Attachment and substance use disorders: A review of the literature and a study in drug dependent adolescents

Abstract Earlier studies on attachment and substance use disorders using the Hazan and Shaver (1987) self-report mainly indicate a link with “avoidant” attachment styles. Studies working with the Adult Attachment Interview (Main & Goldwyn, 1998) have produced inconsistent results. The present study used the Bartholomew (1990) interview coding system to assess attachment in a sample of 71 German opiate using, drug dependent adolescents (DDAs, age 14 – 25) and 39 non-clinical controls. Fearful attachment was predominant in DDAs, while controls were predominantly secure. Severity of drug use, as assessed with the European Addiction Severity Index (Gsellhofer, Fahrner, & Platt, 1994) and urinalyses, was positively correlated with fearful attachment, but negatively correlated with dismissing attachment. The presence of comorbid psychiatric disorders was associated with fearful attachment but not with addiction severity.