Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Critical discourse analysis and social cognition: evidence from business media discourse

This article aims at reconciling Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and cognitive linguistics, particularly metaphor research. Although the two disciplines are compatible, efforts to discuss metaphor as a cognitive phenomenon have been scarce in the CDA tradition. By contrast, cognitive metaphor research has recently developed to emphasize the embodied, i.e. neural, origins of metaphor at the expense of its sociodiscursive impact. This article takes up the concept of social cognition, arguing that it organizes the modification of, and access to, cognitive resources, with metaphoric models playing a particularly salient role in the constitution of ideology. In a cyclical process, ideology will help particular models gain prominence in discourse, which will, in turn, impact on cognition. To illustrate the point, the article draws on an extensive corpus of business magazine texts on mergers and acquisitions, showing how that particular discourse centres on an ideologically vested metaphoric model of evolutionary struggle.
Neural Correlates of Susceptibility to Group Opinions in Online Word-of-Mouth Recommendations

The present study examines the relationship between social influence and recommendation decisions among adolescents in the new media environment. Participants completed the App Recommendation Task—a task that captures neural processes associated with making recommendations to others, with and without information about peer recommendations of the type commonly available online. The results demonstrate that increased activity in the striatum and orbitofrontal cortex in response to peer recommendations is significantly correlated with participants changing their recommendations to be consistent with this feedback within subjects. Furthermore, individual differences in activation of the temporoparietal junction during feedback that peer recommendations varied from those of the participant correlated with individual differences in susceptibility to influence on recommendation decisions between subjects. These brain regions have previously been implicated in social influence and the concept of being a “successful idea salesperson,” respectively. Together, they highlight a potential combination of internal preference shifts and consideration of the mental states of others in recommendation environments that include peer opinions.
Brain dysconnectivity as a biomarker of treatment resistance in schizophrenia

III Background . III Methods . III Results . III Conclusions . III Dedication . V Acknowledgements . VII List of figures . XV List of tables. XXI List of abbreviations and acronyms . XXIII Co-Authorship Forms . XXV
Gamma-Ray Burst Spectral Correlations: Photospheric and Injection Effects

We present a physical framework that can account for most of the observed spectral properties of prompt gamma-ray burst emission. This includes the variety of spectral shapes and shape evolutions, and spectral correlations between flux and spectral peaks within bursts, described by Borgonovo & Ryde, and among bursts described by Amati and Ghirlanda. In our proposed model the spectral peak is given by the photospheric emission from a relativistic outflow for which the horizon length is much smaller that the radial width. The observed duration of the thermal flash is given by the radial light-crossing time. This then gives the typical emission site at ~1011 cm with a Lorentz factor of ~300. This emission is accompanied by nonthermal emission from dissipation locations outside the photosphere. The relative strengths of these two components depend on injection effects at the central engine, leading to varying relative locations of the saturation and photospheric radii. The total emission can then reproduce the observed variety. The spectral correlations are found by assuming that the amount of energy dissipated depends nonlinearly on the averaged particle density. Besides the spectral correlations, this also gives a description of how the relative strength of the thermal component varies with temperature within a burst.
Weak Gravitational Lensing of High-Redshift 21 cm Power Spectra

We describe the effects of weak gravitational lensing by cosmological large-scale structure on the diffuse emission of 21 cm radiation from high-redshift neutral hydrogen during the era of reionization. The ability to observe three-dimensional information suggests that 21 cm studies may provide a useful context for weak-lensing studies. We focus on the gravitational lensing effects on both the angular power spectra and the intrinsic, three-dimensional power spectra. We present a new approach for calculating the weak-lensing signature that reduces to coupled systems of differential equations in a lensing cutoff scale, which are solved by approximating the magnification matrix. This method is applied to reionization models of the 21 cm background spectra up to small angular scales over a range in redshift. The effect on the angular power spectrum is typically less than 1% on small angular scales, and very small on scales corresponding to the feature imprinted by reionization bubbles, due to the near-scale invariance of the 21 cm angular power spectrum on these scales. We describe the expected effect of weak lensing on three-dimensional 21 cm power spectra, and show that lensing creates aspherical perturbations to the intrinsic power spectrum that depend on the polar angle of the wavevector. The effect on the three-dimensional power spectrum is less than 1% on scales k ≲ 0.1 h Mpc-1, but can be ≳1% for highly inclined modes for k ≳ 1 h Mpc-1. The angular variation of the lensing effect on these scales is well described by a quartic polynomial in the cosine of the polar angle. The detection of the gravitational lensing effects on 21 cm power spectra will require very sensitive, high-resolution observations by future low-frequency radio arrays.
Effect of conjugated linoleic acid, vitamin E and their combination on lipid profiles and blood pressure of Iranian adults with active rheumatoid arthritis

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs), vitamin E, and combination of these nutrients on serum lipid profiles and blood pressure (BP) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 87 patients with active RA were divided into four groups receiving one of the following daily supplements for three months: Group C: CLAs 2.5 g equivalent to 2 g mixture of cis 9-trans 11 and trans 10-cis12 CLAs in a rate of 50/50; Group E: vitamin E: 400 mg; Group CE: CLAs and vitamin E at above doses: Group P: placebo. After supplementation, SBP levels decreased significantly in the group C in comparison with groups E and P and mean arterial pressure reduced significantly in groups C and CE. There weren’t significant differences in the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL/HDL, cholesterol/HDL, fasting blood sugar, C-reactive protein (CRP), arylestrase activity, platelet count and body mass index between groups. CRP dropped nonsignificantly in groups P, C, E and CE (19%, 24%, 55%, and 39%, respectively). Erythrocytes sedimentation rate levels decreased in groups C, E and CE (P ≤ 0.05, P ≤ 0.05, P ≤ 0.001, respectively). It is concluded that supplementation of CLAs decreased BP and vitamin E decreased CRP. Therefore cosupplementation of CLAs and vitamin E might be profitable for heart disease prevention in RA patients.
Feature Generation for Text Categorization Using World Knowledge

We enhance machine learning algorithms for text categorization with generated features based on domain-specific and common-sense knowledge. This knowledge is represented using publicly available ontologies that contain hundreds of thousands of concepts, such as the Open Directory; these ontologies are further enriched by several orders of magnitude through controlled Web crawling. Prior to text categorization, a feature generator analyzes the documents and maps them onto appropriate ontology concepts, which in turn induce a set of generated features that augment the standard bag of words. Feature generation is accomplished through contextual analysis of document text, implicitly performing word sense disambiguation. Coupled with the ability to generalize concepts using the ontology, this approach addresses the two main problems of natural language processing--synonymy and polysemy. Categorizing documents with the aid of knowledge-based features leverages information that cannot be deduced from the documents alone. Experimental results confirm improved performance, breaking through the plateau previously reached in the field.
Mining Temporal Evolution of Criminal Behaviors

One of the recently addressed research directions focuses on the issues raised by the diffusion of highly dynamic on-line information, particularly on the problem of mining topic evolutions from news. Among several applications, risk identification and analysis may exploit mining topic evolution from news in order to support law enforcement officers in risk and threat assessment. Assimilating the concept of topic to the concept of crime typology represented by a group of “similar” criminals, it is possible to apply topic evolution mining techniques to discover evolutions of criminal behaviors over time. At this aim, we incrementally analyze streams of publicly available news about criminals (e.g. daily police reports, public court records, legal instruments) in order to identify clusters of similar criminals and represent their evolution over time. Experimental results on both real world and synthetically generated datasets prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Mechanism of column and carrot sprites derived from optical and radio observations

The lightning current waveforms observed simultaneously with high‐speed video records of a column and a carrot sprite event are incorporated in a plasma fluid model to provide quantitative explanation of these two distinct morphological classes of transient luminous events. We calculate the strength of the lightning‐induced electric field at sprite altitudes using a time integral of the ionization frequency ∫0tνi(E/N)dt . For the studied two events, modeling results indicate that these integral values never exceed 18 in the lower ionosphere, which is the minimum value required for the initiation of streamers from single seed electrons according to the Raether‐Meek criterion. It is therefore suggested that the presence of electron inhomogeneities is a necessary condition for the initiation of sprite streamers. It is further demonstrated using streamer modeling that a minimum value of the integral ∼10 is necessary to initiate upward negative streamers from inhomogeneities, corresponding to a minimum charge moment change of ∼500 C km under typical nighttime conditions. If the integral values in the entire upper atmosphere are smaller than ∼10, only column sprites can be produced, dominated by downward positive streamers.
The cognitive-behavioural theory and treatment for eating disorders and disordered eating: A direct evaluation

In a series of four studies, the aim of the current research project was to evaluate the cognitive-behavioral theory and treatment (CBT) of eating disorders. The first study (Chapter 5) was a meta-analysis (Linardon, Wade, De la Piedad Garcia, & Brennan, in press) of randomized controlled trials (RCT) testing the efficacy of CBT for eating disorders. Pooling data from 79 RCTs, results showed that therapist-led and guided self-help CBT were efficacious for individuals with bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED). There was no evidence to suggest that CBT was more efficacious than other psychological interventions in anorexia nervosa (AN). Having found evidence supporting the efficacy of CBT for certain eating disorder presentations, the second study (Chapter 6), which was a systematic review, focused on identifying the reliable factors that mediate, moderate, or predict outcome during CBT (Linardon, de la Piedad Garcia, & Brennan, 2016b). This review found that mediators and moderators of change have been largely unexplored, and that no reliable predictors of outcome emerged. Therefore, based on existing evidence, it was concluded that it remains unclear how, for whom, and under what conditions, CBT for eating disorders works. To understand the mechanisms through which CBT for eating disorders may work, a cross-sectional evaluation of the cognitive-behavioral model in a large non-clinical sample was employed for the third study (Chapter 8; under review). This study validated the conceptual pathways hypothesized by the cognitive model; it also identified two additional variables that might be important mechanisms of change during CBT, body checking and dichotomous thinking. The inclusion of body checking and dichotomous thinking within the cognitive-behavioral model explained nearly three times the amount of variance in disordered eating symptoms than the model without these variables. The third study offered the necessary statistical support for the cognitive-behavioral model and its hypotheses.
Two Functional Motifs Define the Interaction, Internalization and Toxicity of the Cell-Penetrating Antifungal Peptide PAF26 on Fungal Cells

The synthetic, cell penetrating hexapeptide PAF26 (RKKWFW) is antifungal at low micromolar concentrations and has been proposed as a model for cationic, cell-penetrating antifungal peptides. Its short amino acid sequence facilitates the analysis of its structure-activity relationships using the fungal models Neurospora crassa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and human and plant pathogens Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium digitatum, respectively. Previously, PAF26 at low fungicidal concentrations was shown to be endocytically internalized, accumulated in vacuoles and then actively transported into the cytoplasm where it exerts its antifungal activity. In the present study, two PAF26 derivatives, PAF95 (AAAWFW) and PAF96 (RKKAAA), were designed to characterize the roles of the N-terminal cationic and the C-terminal hydrophobic motifs in PAF26's mode-of-action. PAF95 and PAF96 exhibited substantially reduced antifungal activity against all the fungi analyzed. PAF96 localized to fungal cell envelopes and was not internalized by the fungi. In contrast, PAF95 was taken up into vacuoles of N. crassa, wherein it accumulated and was trapped without toxic effects. Also, the PAF26 resistant Δarg1 strain of S. cerevisiae exhibited increased PAF26 accumulation in vacuoles. Live-cell imaging of GFP-labelled nuclei in A. fumigatus showed that transport of PAF26 from the vacuole to the cytoplasm was followed by nuclear breakdown and dissolution. This work demonstrates that the amphipathic PAF26 possesses two distinct motifs that allow three stages in its antifungal action to be defined: (i) its interaction with the cell envelope; (ii) its internalization and transport to vacuoles mediated by the aromatic hydrophobic domain; and (iii) its transport from vacuoles to the cytoplasm. Significantly, cationic residues in PAF26 are important not only for the electrostatic attraction and interaction with the fungal cell but also for transport from the vacuole to the cytoplasm, which coincides with cell death. Peptide containment within vacuoles preserves fungal cells from peptide toxicity.
The Relationship Between the Social Network of Community-living Elders and Their Health-related Quality of Life in Korean Province

Objectives This study aimed to collect information that will help enhance the social networks and improve the quality of life among elderly people by observing the relationship between their social network and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and by analyzing social network factors affecting HRQoL. Methods This study was based on the 2008 Community Health Survey in Yeoncheon County. Three hundred elders were included in the study population. We compared the revised Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-R) score and Euro quality of life-5 dimensions health status index by demographic characteristics and chronic disease prevalence. We analyzed the data using multiple regression and tobit regression by setting the HRQoL as the dependent variable and social network and other characteristics as the independent variables. We analyzed social network factors by using factor analysis. Results The LSNS-R score differed significantly according to age and existence of a spouse. According to the results from the hierarchical multiple regression analysis, the LSNS-R explained 0.10 of the variance and LSNS-R friends factor explained 0.10 of the variance. The tobit regression indicated that the contribution of the LSNS-R family size factor to the regression coefficient of the independent variable that affected the HRQoL was BT=2.96, that of the LSNS-R family frequency factor was BT=3.60, and that of LSNS-R friends factor was BT=5.41. Conclusions Social networks among elderly people had a significant effect on HRQoL and their networks of friends had a relatively higher effect than those of family members.
Inquiring Language Awareness of TEFL Master Students in Advanced Grammar Exams

The Knowledge-based Era demands scholars to be experts in their fields. Language Awareness (LA) is L2 explicit knowledge about language. Its presence as one of the expertise qualifications for foreign language learners is inevitable. This study aims to describe the extent of LA within the qualitative case study approach. Eight TEFL master students were chosen as the subjects. The researchers collected the data from exams and interviews. The general findings showed that the students have ‘adequate’ LA. In a closer look, their analyzed knowledge was better than metalinguistic knowledge; it was a relatively normal condition since analyzed knowledge requires simpler cognitive process rather than metalinguistic knowledge. Additionally, it seemed that the multiple choices in the exams enlighten the cognitive process within analyzed knowledge. However, their metalinguistic knowledge had a problem with grammatical terminologies. In sum, both types of knowledge are vital but metalinguistic knowledge deserves more priority to be improved.
Outer Surface Protein A Protects Lyme Disease Spirochetes from Acquired Host Immunity in the Tick Vector

ABSTRACT The Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi alters the expression of outer surface protein (osp) genes as the bacterium cycles between ticks and mammals. OspA is produced as borreliae enter the tick vector and remains a major surface antigen during midgut colonization. To elucidate the role of OspA in the vector, we created an insertional deletion of ospA in strain B31-A3. The ospA mutant infects mice when it is injected intradermally and is acquired by larval ticks fed on these mice, where it persists through the molt to the nymph stage. Bacterial survival rates in artificially infected tick larvae fed on naïve mice were compared with those in the vector fed on immune mice. The ospA mutant proliferates in larvae if it is exposed to blood from naïve mice, but it declines in density after larval feeding if the blood is from immune mice. When uninfected larvae are fed on B-cell-deficient mice infected with the ospA mutant, larvae show borrelial densities and persistence that are significantly greater than those fed on infected, immunocompetent mice. We conclude that OspA serves a critical antibody-shielding role during vector blood meal uptake from immune hosts and is not required for persistence in the tick vector.
Roles of SN Ia and SN II in ICM Enrichment

Based on ASCA observations Mushotzky et al. (1996, ApJ 466, 686) have recently derived the relative-abundance ratios of $\alpha$-elements to iron, [\alpha/Fe] \simeq 0.2-0.3$, for four rich clusters, and have suggested that the origin of metals in an intra-cluster medium (ICM) is not a type-Ia supernovae (SNIa), but a type-II supernovae (SNII). However, these authors used the solar photospheric iron abundance for ASCA data reduction, while the meteoritic iron abundance is usually adopted in chemical-evolution studies. It is true that although the photospheric and meteoritic solar abundances are consistent for most of the elements, a serious discrepancy is known to exist for iron; indeed, the photospheric abundance of iron is $N_{Fe}/N_H = 4.68 10^{-5}$ by number, while the meteoritic value is $3.24 10^{-5}$. The argument concerning the relative roles of SNIa and SNII in ICM enrichment is quite sensitive to the precise values of [\alpha/Fe], and one should use an identical solar iron abundance in data reduction as well as in theoretical arguments. We therefore adopt the meteoritic iron abundance, which is consistent with chemical-evolution studies, and shift Mushotzky et al.'s ASCA data by $\Delta[\alpha/Fe] \simeq -0.16$ dex. By comparing the corrected [\alpha/Fe] values with theoretical nucleosynthesis prescriptions of SNIa and SNII, we reach a conclusion that an SNIa iron contribution of 50% or higher in the ICM enrichment could not be ruled out, and might indeed be favoured based on the ASCA spectra.
Multicast streaming over 3G cellular networks through multi-channel transmissions: proposals and performance evaluation

In this paper, we propose a novel technique for the provisioning of multicast streaming flows in 3G W-CDMA cellular systems. Our focus here is on the transmission of a downlink multicast streaming flow to the interested users in a 3G cell. For error control, we propose packet-based forward error correction (FEC) and with the transmission of a certain amount of redundancy over parallel common channels. In practice, we exploit the temporal diversity over multiple channels to strengthen the FEC scheme thereby increasing the QoS. To increase error resilience, in every channel we exploit well-known packet-based Reed Solomon like coding techniques. Moreover, appropriate time shifts of the information sent across the parallel common channels are also introduced to increase the robustness against error bursts. The performance evaluation is carried out through an analytical framework. The obtained results show the substantial benefits deriving from the usage of a multiple channel transmission technique.
Identification and Characterization of a 100-kD Ligand for CD 6 on Human Thymic Epithelial Cells

CD6 is a 130-kD glycoprotein expressed on the surface of thymocytes and peripheral blood T cells that is involved in TCK-mediated T cell activation. In thymus, CD6 mediates interactions between thymocytes and thymic epithelial (TE) cells. In indirect immunofluorescence assays, a recombinant CD6-immunoglobulin fusion protein (CD6-Kg) bound to cultured human TE cells and to thymic fibroblasts. CD6-Rg binding to TF and TE cells was trypsin sensitive, and 54 _+ 4% of binding was divalent cation dependent. By screening the blind panel of 479 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from the 5th International Workshop on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens for expression on human TE cells and for the ability to block CD6-Rg binding to TE cells, we found one mAb 04-81) that significantly inhibited the binding of CD6-Kg to TE cells (60 _+ 7% inhibition). A second mAb to the surface antigen identified by mAb J4-81, J3-119, enhanced the binding of CD6-Kg to TE cells by 48 + 5%. Using covalent cross-linking and trypsin digestion, we found that mAb J4-81 and CD6-Kg both bound to the same 100-kD glycoprotein (CD6L100) on the surface of TE cells. These data demonstrate that a 100-kD glycoprotein on TE cells detected by mAb J4-81 is a ligand for CD6.