Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does parental response to children's pain moderate the association between pain severity and functional disability? An examination of noncardiac chest pain.

OBJECTIVE We sought to examine whether parental responses to children's noncardiac chest pain moderate the relationship between child's pain severity and functional disability. METHODS 77 children (ages 8-18 years) with noncardiac chest pain and their parents were recruited from pediatric cardiology clinics in Israel. Children completed measures assessing pain (intensity/frequency) and functioning. Parents and children completed measures assessing parental responses to children's pain. RESULTS Parental protective responses (parent and child report) moderated the relationship between child's pain intensity and frequency and functional disability. Parental encouraging/monitoring responses (child report only) moderated the relationship between child's pain intensity and functional disability. As expected, the association between pain and disability was greater for children and adolescents whose parents were higher in these behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Parental protective and encouraging/monitoring behavior may exacerbate the impact of pain on functioning. Interventions that promote more adaptive responses to children's pain may help reduce disability in youth with pain.
Secure Wireless Network Connectivity with Multi-Antenna Transmission

Information-theoretic security constraints reduce the connectivity of wireless networks in the presence of eavesdroppers, which motivates better modeling of such networks and the development of techniques that are robust to eavesdropping. In this letter, we are concerned with the existence of secure connections from a typical transmitter to the legitimate receiver(s) over fading channels, where the legitimate nodes and eavesdroppers are all randomly located. We consider non-colluding and colluding eavesdroppers, and derive the network secure connectivity for both eavesdropper strategies. We mathematically show how nodes with multiple transmit antenna elements can improve secure connectivity by forming a directional antenna or using eigen-beamforming. Compared with single antenna transmission, a large connectivity improvement can be achieved by both multi-antenna transmission techniques even with a small number of antennas.
Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication for the management of failed Angelchik prosthesis.

BACKGROUND Angelchik is a silicone gel-filled prosthesis that was historically placed around the gastro-esophageal junction like a horse's halter for the treatment of gastro-esophageal reflux disease. It was first described by Angelchik and Cohen in 1979, after which its usage expanded due to its simplicity and ease of insertion by open surgery. However, the use of this device has largely been abandoned due to numerous complications and a consequent high removal rate. The most common complications cited have been dysphagia, disruption, migration, and erosion into the stomach. Although many reports of Angelchik prosthesis removal have appeared in the literature, we present a case of laparoscopic removal of this device that has been inserted 25 years ago, followed immediately by Nissen fundoplication. The main indication for operation was recurrent severe reflux symptoms refractory to medical treatment. METHODS Case note review and literature search. RESULTS There was no intraoperative or postoperative complication although the procedure was extremely challenging laparoscopically primarily due to attenuated anatomy and dense adhesions. The patient made an uneventful recovery with subsequent complete resolution of symptoms. CONCLUSION Patients who have severe recurrent gastro-esophageal reflux disease symptoms refractory to medical treatment after placement of an Angelchik prosthesis can be treated by laparoscopic removal of the device followed by Nissen fundoplication.
Skeletal ontogeny in basal scleractinian micrabaciid corals

The skeletal ontogeny of the Micrabaciidae, one of two modern basal scleractinian lineages, is herein reconstructed based on serial micro‐computed tomography sections and scanning electron micrographs. Similar to other scleractinians, skeletal growth of micrabaciids starts from the simultaneous formation of six primary septa. New septa of consecutive cycles arise between septa of the preceding cycles from unique wedge‐shaped invaginations of the wall. The invagination of wall and formation of septa are accompanied by development of costae alternating in position with septa. During corallite growth, deepening invagination of the wall results in elevation of septa above the level of a horizontal base. The corallite wall is regularly perforated thus invaginated regions consist of pillars inclined downwardly and outwardly from the lower septal margins. Shortly after formation of septa (S2 and higher cycles) their upper margins bend and fuse with the neighboring members of a previous cycle, resulting in a unique septal pattern, formerly misinterpreted as “septal bifurcation. ” Septa as in other Scleractinia are hexamerally arranged in cycles. However, starting from the quaternaries, septa within single cycles do not appear simultaneously but are inserted in pairs and successively flank the members of a preceding cycle, invariably starting from those in the outermost parts of the septal system. In each pair, the septum adjacent to older septa arises first (e.g., the quinaries between S2 and S4 before quinaries between S3 and S4). Unique features of micrabaciid skeletal ontogeny are congruent with their basal position in scleractinian phylogeny, which was previously supported by microstructural and molecular data. J. Morphol. , 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Almanah 2013.: akutni koronarni sindromi Almanac 2013: acute coronary syndromes

U Sjedinjenim AmeriEkim Draeavama (SAD) se godiπnje hospitalizira oko 1,2 milijuna bolesnika zbog akutnog koronarnog sindroma (ACS). PrimjeEeno je smanjenje uEestalosti infarkta miokarda sa ST-elevacijom (STEMI). O razlozima se moaee samo nagaati: moguEa objaπnjenja ukljuEuju smanjenje puπenja, promjenu dobne strukture stanovniπtva (STEMI je EeπEi u srednjoj dobi, dok se ACS bez elevacije ST-segmenta javlja EeπEe u starijih osoba), ali i EeπEu primjenu terapije statinima. U posljednjih nekoliko godina dolazi do znaEajnog poboljπanja ishoda nakon preboljelog STEMI u vidu smanjenja smrtnosti, kardiogenog πoka i zatajivanja srca. SliEni trendovi prisutni su i kod drugih manifestacija ACS, kao πto je iznenadni srEani zastoj (SCA). ZapanjujuEe je da se sada kliniEki ishodi za ACS bez elevacije STsegmenta (NSTE-ACS) Eine loπijima nego za STEMI. Meutim, takva je predodaeba pogreπna, naime kratkoroEni (bolniEki) ishod je joπ uvijek bolji za NSTE-ACS nego za STEMI, dok je dugoroEna smrtnost viπa kod NSTE-ACS πto je vjerojatno posljedica utjecaja razliEite aeivotne dobi i prisutnih rizika pacijenata sa STEMI i NSTE-ACS: NSTE-ACS bolesnici su uglavnom stariji i EeπEe imaju viπeaeilnu bolest koronarnih arterija (CAD). Introduction
CHANGES IN BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES 1997 Progress Report

Co-Investigators: John D. Aber, University of New Hampshire William R. Emanuel, University of Virginia Leonard A. Fisk, University of Michigan Changsheng Li, University of New Hampshire Jerry M. Melillo, Marine Biological Laboratory Bruce J. Peterson, Marine Biological Laboratory Barrett N. Rock, University of New Hampshire David L. Skole, University of New Hampshire Charles J. Vorosmarty, University of New Hampshire Xiangming Xiao, University of New Hampshire
Tissue Culture:

AbstractTHIS brief account of the technique and results of the culture of tissues in vitro is to be commended to senior students of the biological subjects, as it presents the state of knowledge both of the growth and differentiation of the cell as well as a clear description of the role of the nutrient medium. The physiology of unorganised growth in epithelia and connective tissue is discussed with the same clarity as the organisation of embryonic tissues grown in cultures. The author is to be complimented on the avoidance of technical terms. A glossary, comprehensible even to the layman, is included.Tissue Culture: the Growth and Differentiation of Normal Tissues in Artificial Media. By E. N. Willmer. (Methuen's Monographs on Biological Subjects.) Pp. viii + 126 + 2 plates. (London: Methuen and Co., Ltd., 1935.) 4s. net.
Stimulation of In Vivo Antitumor Immunity with Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres.

The use of appropriate adjuvants that support the generation of robust and long-lasting antitumor immune responses is crucial for tumor immunotherapy owing to the immunosuppressive environment of the growing tumor. However, the most commonly used adjuvant, aluminum hydroxide, is ineffective for generating such immune responses and therefore not suitable for cancer immunotherapy. It is now shown that plain hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres markedly improve the antitumor immunity, the Th1 and Th2 immunity, and the CD4(+) and CD8(+) effector memory T cell population in bone marrow in vivo and may thus be used as immunoadjuvants to treat cancer in humans.
VARIABLE EFFECTS OF INHIBITING iNOS AND CLOSING THE VASCULAR ATP-SENSITIVE POTASSIUM CHANNEL (VIA ITS PORE-FORMING AND SULFONYLUREA RECEPTOR SUBUNITS) IN ENDOTOXIC SHOCK

Excess production of NO and activation of vascular ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are implicated in the hypotension and vascular hyporeactivity associated with endotoxic shock. Using a fluid-resuscitated endotoxic rat model, we compared the cardiovascular effects of an iNOS inhibitor and two distinct inhibitors of the KATP channel. Endotoxin (LPS) was administered to anesthetized, spontaneously breathing, fluid-resuscitated adult male Wistar rats, in which MAP, aortic and renal blood flow, and hepatic microvascular oxygenation were monitored continuously. At 120 min, the iNOS inhibitor, GW273629, and the KATP-channel inhibitors, PNU-37883A and glyburide, were administered separately, and their effects on hemodynamics and oxygenation were examined. We found that GW273629 increased MAP over and above the pressor effect achieved in sham animals. Inhibiting KATP channels via the pore-forming subunit (PNU-37883A and high-dose glyburide) produced significant pressor effects, whereas inhibiting the sulfonylurea receptor with low-dose glyburide was ineffective. No agent reversed the fall in aortic or renal blood flow, the fall in hepatic microvascular oxygenation, or the metabolic acidosis that occurred in LPS-treated animals. We conclude that inhibition of the KATP channel via the pore-forming, but not the sulfonylurea receptor subunit, increases blood pressure in a short-term endotoxic model. However, this was not accompanied by any improvement in macrocirculatory or microcirculatory organ blood flow nor reversal of metabolic acidosis. It therefore remains uncertain whether the iNOS pathway or the KATP channel represents a potential target for drug development in the treatment of endotoxic shock.
Affect-Aware Student Models for Robot Tutors

Computational tutoring systems, such as educational software or interactive robots, have the potential for great societal benefit. Such systems track and assess students' knowledge via inferential methods, such as the popular Bayesian Knowledge Tracing (BKT) algorithm. However, these methods do not typically draw on the affective signals that human teachers use to assess knowledge, such as indications of discomfort, engagement, or frustration. In this paper we present a novel extension to the BKT model that uses affective data, derived autonomously from video records of children playing an interactive story-telling game with a robot, to infer student knowledge of reading skills. We find that, compared to a control group of children who played the game with only a tablet, children who interacted with an embodied social robot generated stronger affective data signals of engagement and enjoyment during the interaction. We then show that incorporating this affective data into model training improves the quality of the learned knowledge inference models. These results suggest that physically embodied, affect-aware robot tutors can provide more effective and empathic educational experiences for children, and advance both algorithmic and human-centered motivations for further development of systems that tightly integrate affect understanding and complex models of inference with interactive, educational robots.
Comparison of Cancer Incidence between China and the USA

Objective The incidence of cancer varies around the globe, especially between less-developed and developed regions. The aim of this study is to explore differences in cancer incidence between China and the USA. Methods Data were obtained from the GLOBOCAN 2008 database. Estimated numbers of new cancer cases in the USA were obtained from the American Cancer Society, while the numbers of cases in China, including those in urban and rural areas, were obtained from 36 cancer registries (2003-2005). Cancer incidence for major sites between China and the USA were analyzed. Results In China, lung cancer was the predominant type of cancer detected in males; in females, breast cancer was the main type of cancer. Gastrointestinal cancers, such as those of the liver, stomach, and esophagus, were more commonly seen in China than in the USA. A significant difference in the incidence of melanoma of the skin was observed between China and the USA. During comparison of differences in the age-standardized rates by world population (ASRWs) of major cancer sites between the two countries, 4 sites in males (i.e., nasopharynx, esophagus, stomach, and liver) and 6 sites in females (i.e., nasopharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, and cervix uteri) showed higher cancer incidence rates in China than in the USA. Conclusions Significant differences in cancer incidence sites were found between the two countries. Cancer may be prevented through public education and awareness. Programs to promote cancer prevention in China, especially those of the lung, breast, and gastrointestinal region, must also be implemented.
Dendrite Growth Kinetics in Undercooled Melts of Intermetallic Compounds

Solidification needs an undercooling to drive the solidification front. If large undercoolings are achieved, metastable solid materials are solidified from the undercooled melt. Containerless processing provides the conditions to achieve large undercoolings since heterogeneous nucleation on container walls is completely avoided. In the present contribution both electromagnetic and electrostatic levitation are applied. The velocity of rapidly advancing dendrites is measured as a function of undercooling by a High-Speed-Camera. The dendrite growth dynamics is investigated in undercooled melts of intermetallic compounds. The Al50Ni50 alloy is studied with respect to disorder trapping that leads to a disordered superlattice structure if the melt is undercooled beyond a critical undercooling. Disorder trapping is evidenced by in situ energy dispersive diffraction using synchrotron radiation of high intensity to record full diffraction pattern on levitated samples within a short time interval. Experiments on Ni2B using different processing techniques of varying the level of convection reveal convection-induced faceting of rapidly growing dendrites. Eventually, the growth velocity is measured in an undercooled melt of glass forming Cu50Zr50 alloy. A maximum in the growth velocity–undercooling relation is proved. This is understood by the fact that the temperature dependent diffusion coefficient counteracts the thermodynamic driving force for rapid growth if the temperature of the undercooled melt is approaching the temperature regime above the glass transition temperature. The analysis of this result allows for determining the activation energy of atomic attachment kinetics at the solid–liquid interface that is comparable to the activation energy of atomic diffusion as determined by independent measurements of the atomic diffusion in undercooled Cu50Zr50 alloy melt.
Subacute Pancreatitis

It is possible that the higher mortality for cases which were given glucose is not connected with the action of glucose on carbohydrate metabolism, which is probably beneficial, but on its interference with the process of cellular rehydration. The maintenance of hyperglycaemia induces an intense and prolonged glycosuria and, associated with it, a proportional diuresis. The urinary output bears a linear ratio to the glucose output (Franks et al., 1947). The urinary output in our Group A cases was 43.3 % of the total intake, and the fluid intake in these cases was 43% more than in the cases not given glucose. The administration of glucose in the first four hours of treatment, by maintaining a heightened blood sugar, serves to increase water excretion, to worsen the state of cellular dehydration, and to add to the circulatory collapse and shock. This process may be of no great consequence in the milder cases, but where the clinical state of the patient is poor it may cause death. The results of this study indicate that glucose should not be administered in the early stages of the treatment of diabetic coma. The withholding of glucose for at least the first four to six hours of treatment ensures rapid rehydration and decreases the mortality significantly in serious cases of coma with circulatory collapse.
Accurate Cross Sections for Microanalysis

To calculate the intensity of x-ray emission in electron beam microanalysis requires a knowledge of the energy distribution of the electrons in the solid, the energy variation of the ionization cross section of the relevant subshell, the fraction of ionizations events producing x rays of interest and the absorption coefficient of the x rays on the path to the detector. The theoretical predictions and experimental data available for ionization cross sections are limited mainly to K shells of a few elements. Results of systematic plane wave Born approximation calculations with exchange for K, L, and M shell ionization cross sections over the range of electron energies used in microanalysis are presented. Comparisons are made with experimental measurement for selected K shells and it is shown that the plane wave theory is not appropriate for overvoltages less than 2.5 V.
Prevalence of developmental enamel defects of the first permanent molars among school children in Western Australia.

BACKGROUND The prevalence of enamel defects in the first permanent molars among children has been reported to be high and may be on the increase, particularly in the European countries. Little information is available on the prevalence of enamel defects in the first permanent molars among children in Australia. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of enamel defects in the first permanent molars among school children in Western Australia. METHODS Informed consent was obtained from parents of children attending pre-primary schools within an administrative area of the School Dental Service of Western Australia in metropolitan Perth to participate in the study in 2005. Parents completed a questionnaire about the mother's health status during pregnancy, and their child's health status for the first three years. Participating children were examined during 2006 and 2007 by one examiner. Teeth were classified on the type and extent of enamel defects using the modified DDE index, and deciduous tooth caries experience of molars and canines was recorded using the WHO criteria. RESULTS Parents of 634 children out of the eligible 1135 (56 per cent participation) completed the questionnaire. Five hundred and eleven children with at least one erupted first permanent molar were examined (mean age 7.1 years, SD 0.5). Of the first permanent molars, 42 per cent upper right; 37 per cent upper left; 47 per cent lower left; and 45 per cent lower right were without enamel defects. White diffuse opacities were the predominant enamel defects found with 46 per cent upper right; 47 per cent upper left; 40 per cent lower left and 41 per cent lower right molars affected. Demarcated opacities alone or in association with other defects affected 11 per cent upper right; 14 per cent upper left; 10 per cent lower left and 9 per cent lower right molars. At the individual level, 71 per cent had permanent molars with enamel defects; 47 per cent with white diffuse opacities and 22 per cent with demarcated opacities. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of enamel defects among this school population is high. Majority of defects were white diffuse opacities and the prevalence of demarcated opacities is at the high end of that reported for some European countries. Possible risk factors for enamel defects remains to be tested.
Cardiotoxicity evaluation of anthracyclines in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Drug‐induced cardiotoxicity is a leading factor for drug withdrawals, and limits drug efficacy and clinical use. Therefore, new alternative animal models and methods for drug safety evaluation have been given great attention. Anthracyclines (ANTs) are widely prescribed anticancer agents that have a cumulative dose relationship with cardiotoxicity. We performed experiments to study the toxicity of ANTs in early developing zebrafish embryos, especially their effects on the heart. LC50 values for daunorubicin, pirarubicin, doxorubicin (DOX), epirubicin and DOX‐liposome at 72 h post‐fertilization were 122.7 μM, 111.9 μM, 31.2 μM, 108.3 μM and 55.8 μM, respectively. At the same time, zebrafish embryos were exposed to ANTs in three exposure stages and induced incomplete looping of the heart tube, pericardia edema and bradycardia in a dose‐dependent manner, eventually leading to death. DOX caused the greatest heart defects in the treatment stages and its liposome reduced the effects on the heart, while daunorubicin produced the least toxicity. Genes and proteins related to heart development were also identified to be sensitive to ANT exposure and downregulated by ANTs. It revealed ANTs could disturb the heart formation and development. ANTs induced cardiotoxicity in zebrafish has similar effects in mammalian models, indicating that zebrafish may have a potential value for assessment of drug‐induced developmental cardiotoxicity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability of Elastomeric Isolation Bearings: Experimental Study

Elastomeric isolation bearings are required to be stable at high shear strains, which occur during strong earthquakes. Hence, rigorous determination of the critical axial load during design is important. Currently, the critical load is determined using the small displacement Haringx theory and modified to account for large shear strains by an approximate correction factor. The objective of this study is to experimentally determine the effect of horizontal displacement or shear strain on critical load and to study the validity of the approximate correction factor. Experiments were conducted on a series of elastomeric bearings with low shape factors. Test procedure and test results are presented in detail. It is shown that the critical load decreases with increasing horizontal displacement or shear strain. It is also shown that substantial critical load capacity exists at a horizontal displacement equal to the width of the bearing and is not zero, as predicted by the correction factor. It is further shown that the approximate formula is not conservative at smaller displacements and overly conservative at larger displacements. The critical loads obtained from experiments are compared with results from finite element analyses and nonlinear analytical solutions; the comparisons indicate that the effect of large horizontal displacements on the critical load can be reliably predicted.