Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and Evaluation of Methods To Detect Nucleopolyhedroviruses in Larvae of the Douglas-Fir Tussock Moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata (McDunnough)

ABSTRACT Various molecular methods are used to detect pathogenic microorganisms and viruses within their hosts, but these methods are rarely validated by direct comparison. Southern hybridization, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and a novel DNA extraction/PCR assay were used to detect Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV) in Douglas-fir tussock moth larvae. PCR was more sensitive than Southern hybridization and ELISA at detecting semipurified virus. ELISA, however, was the most accurate method for detecting virus within larvae, given that Southern hybridization and PCR produced false-negative results (31% and 2.5%, respectively). ELISA may be preferable in some applications because virus infections can be quantified (r2 = 0.995). These results may be applicable to both applied and academic research that seeks to accurately identify the incidence of viruses and microorganisms that regulate insect populations.
Impact of corporate social responsibility on employee loyalty: Mediating role of person-organization fit and employee trust

The study explores the impact of employee perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in improving employee loyalty by examining the direct and indirect role of person-organization fit and employee trust. A convenient sampling technique was employed to collect the data sample. A total of 338 questionnaires were collected at three different China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) projects in Pakistan. The SmartPLS-3 was used to test the study hypotheses. The results revealed that CSR positively and significantly influenced employee loyalty. The findings indicated a partial mediating impact of P-O fit and employee trust in the relationship between CSR and employee loyalty. Discussions, implications, limitations, and future research direction are also given.
THE CHANDRA COSMOS LEGACY SURVEY: OVERVIEW AND POINT SOURCE CATALOG

The COSMOS-Legacy survey is a 4.6 Ms Chandra program that has imaged 2.2 deg2 of the COSMOS field with an effective exposure of ≃ 160 ? > ks over the central 1.5 deg2 and of ≃ 80 ? > ks in the remaining area. The survey is the combination of 56 new observations obtained as an X-ray Visionary Project with the previous C-COSMOS survey. We describe the reduction and analysis of the new observations and the properties of 2273 point sources detected above a spurious probability of 2 × 10−5. We also present the updated properties of the C-COSMOS sources detected in the new data. The whole survey includes 4016 point sources (3814, 2920 and 2440 in the full, soft, and hard band). The limiting depths are 2.2 × 10−16, 1.5 × 10−15, and 8.9 × 10−16 erg cm − 2 s − 1 ? > in the 0.5–2, 2–10, and 0.5–10 keV bands, respectively. The observed fraction of obscured active galactic nuclei with a column density >1022 cm−2 from the hardness ratio (HR) is ∼50 − 16 + 17 ? > %. Given the large sample we compute source number counts in the hard and soft bands, significantly reducing the uncertainties of 5%–10%. For the first time we compute number counts for obscured (HR > −0.2) and unobscured (HR < −0.2) sources and find significant differences between the two populations in the soft band. Due to the unprecedent large exposure, COSMOS-Legacy area is three times larger than surveys at similar depths and its depth is three times fainter than surveys covering similar areas. The area-flux region occupied by COSMOS-Legacy is likely to remain unsurpassed for years to come.
Early detection of neurodegeneration in brain ischemia by manganese-enhanced MRI

This study aims to employ in vivo manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) to detect neurodegenerative changes in two models of brain ischemia, photothrombotic cortical injury (PCI) and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rodents. After systemic Mn2+ injection to both ischemic models, a close pattern of T1-weighted hyperintensity was observed throughout different brain regions in comparison to the distribution of GFAP, MnSOD and GS immunoreactivities, whereby conventional MRI could hardly detect such. In addition, the infarct volumes in the posterior parts of the brain had significantly reduced after Mn2+ injection to the MCAO model. It is suggested that exogenous Mn2+ injection may provide enhanced MEMRI detection of oxidative stress and gliosis early after brain ischemia. Manganese may also mediate infarctions at remote brain regions in transient focal cerebral ischemia before delayed secondary damage takes place.
String-to-Dependency Statistical Machine Translation

We propose a novel string-to-dependency algorithm for statistical machine translation. This algorithm employs a target dependency language model during decoding to exploit long distance word relations, which cannot be modeled with a traditional n-gram language model. Experiments show that the algorithm achieves significant improvement in MT performance over a state-of-the-art hierarchical string-to-string system on NIST MT06 and MT08 newswire evaluation sets.
Assessment of the use of flour from the grain of spring common wheat cultivated under organic farming for pasta production

1Department of Grain Processing and Bakery Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland 2Department of Food Technology, Division of Cereal Technology Warsaw University of Life Sciences Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland 3Department of Systems and Economics of Crop Production Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland e-mail: magdalena.gonda@ibprs.pl
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol acetyl transferase Atf1p is localized in lipid particles

The yeast alcohol acetyl transferase I, Atf1p, is responsible for the major part of volatile acetate ester production in fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Some of these esters, such as ethyl acetate and isoamyl acetate, are important for the fruity flavours of wine, beer and other fermented beverages. In order to reveal the subcellular localization of Atf1p and further unravel the possible physiological role of this protein, ATF1::GFP fusion constructs were overexpressed in brewer's yeast. The transformant strain showed a significant increase in acetate ester formation, similar to that of an ATF1 overexpression strain, indicating that the Atf1p–GFP fusion protein was active. UV fluorescence microscopy revealed that the fusion protein was localized in small, sphere‐like organelles. These organelles could be selectively stained by the fluorescent dye Nile red, indicating that they contained high amounts of neutral lipids and/or sterols, a specific characteristic of yeast lipid particles. Purification of lipid particles from wild type and ATF1 deletion cells confirmed that the Atf1p–GFP fusion protein was located in these organelles. Furthermore, a clear alcohol acetyl transferase activity could be measured in the purified lipid particles of both wild type and transformed cells. The localization of Atf1p in lipid particles may indicate that Atf1p has a specific role in the lipid and/or sterol metabolism that takes place in these particles. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating the Effect of Emotional Intelligence and Personality Traits on Entrepreneurial Intention Using the Fuzzy DEMATEL Method

Entrepreneurial intention is a result of new approaches in entrepreneurship studies in recent years. According to literature, there are several factors which affect on Entrepreneurial intention such as entrepreneurial knowledge, desirability of the entrepreneurial activity, or its feasibility, culture and work experience, and role model. In this paper, we focused on two main factors (Personality traits and Emotional intelligence) that have important effect on Entrepreneurial intention but have been studied their effects together less. At first we have tried to identify factors of Personality traits and Emotional intelligence affective on Entrepreneurial intention and after that we have ranked these factors using of fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method.According to fuzzy DEMATEL result,need of achievement (C1) is the most important factor that affect on Entrepreneurial Intention.
On the Foundations of Adversarial Single-Class Classification

Motivated by authentication, intrusion and spam detection applications we consider single-class classification (SCC) as a two-person game between the learner and an adversary. In this game the learner has a sample from a target distribution and the goal is to construct a classifier capable of distinguishing observations from the target distribution from observations emitted from an unknown other distribution. The ideal SCC classifier must guarantee a given tolerance for the false-positive error (false alarm rate) while minimizing the false negative error (intruder pass rate). Viewing SCC as a two-person zero-sum game we identify both deterministic and randomized optimal classification strategies for different game variants. We demonstrate that randomized classification can provide a significant advantage. In the deterministic setting we show how to reduce SCC to two-class classification where in the two-class problem the other class is a synthetically generated distribution. We provide an efficient and practical algorithm for constructing and solving the two class problem. The algorithm distinguishes low density regions of the target distribution and is shown to be consistent.
Novel, Real-Time Cell Analysis for Measuring Viral Cytopathogenesis and the Efficacy of Neutralizing Antibodies to the 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Virus

A novel electronic cell sensor array technology, the real-time cell analysis (RTCA) system, was developed to monitor cell events. Unlike the conventional methods labeling the target cells with fluorescence, luminescence, or light absorption, the RTCA system allows for label-free detection of cell processes directly without the incorporation of labels. Here, we used this new format to measure the cytopathic effect (CPE) of the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus and the efficacy of neutralizing antibodies in human sera to this virus. The real-time dynamic monitoring of CPE was performed on MDCK cell cultures infected with the H1N1 virus, ranging from 5.50×102 to 5.50×107 copies/mL. The resulting CPE kinetic curves were automatically recorded and were both time and viral load dependent. The CPE kinetics were also distinguishable between different H1N1 stains, as the onset of CPE induced by the A/Shanghai/37T/2009 H1N1 virus was earlier than that of the A/Shanghai/143T/2009 H1N1 virus. Furthermore, inhibition of H1N1 virus-induced CPE in the presence of human specific anti-sera was detected and quantified using the RTCA system. Antibody titers determined using this new neutralization test correlated well with those obtained independently via the standard hemagglutination inhibition test. Taken together, this new CPE assay format provided label-free and high-throughput measurement of viral growth and the effect of neutralizing antibodies, illustrating its potential in influenza vaccine studies.
Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy.

BACKGROUND Mild-moderate hypertension during pregnancy is common. Antihypertensive drugs are often used in the belief that lowering blood pressure will prevent progression to more severe disease, and thereby improve outcome. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of antihypertensive drug treatments for women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy. SEARCH STRATEGY Relevant trials were identified in the register of trials maintained by the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group. In addition, the Cochrane Controlled Trial Register, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were searched. Date of last search: October 2000. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised trials evaluating any antihypertensive drug treatment for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy, defined whenever possible as systolic blood pressure 140-169 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure 90-109 mmHg. Comparisons were of one or more antihypertensive drug(s) with placebo, with no antihypertensive drug, or with another antihypertensive drug, and where treatment was planned to continue for at least seven days. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data were extracted independently by two reviewers. MAIN RESULTS Overall, this review includes 40 studies (3797 women), 24 of which compared an antihypertensive drug with placebo/no antihypertensive drug (2815 women). There is a halving in the risk of developing severe hypertension associated with the use of antihypertensive drug(s) [17 trials, 2155 women; relative risk (RR) 0.52 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41 to 0.64); risk difference (RD) -0.09 (-0.12 to -0.06); number needed to treat (NNT) 12 (9 to 17)] but little evidence of a difference in the risk of pre-eclampsia [19 trials, 2402 women; RR 0.99 (0.84 to 1.18)]. Similarly, there is no clear effect on the risk of the baby dying [23 trials, 2727 women; RR 0.71(0.46 to 1.09)], preterm birth [12 trials, 1738 women; RR 0.98 (0.85 to 1.13)], or small for gestational age babies [17 trials, 2159 women; RR 1.13 (0.91 to 1.42)]. There were no clear differences in any other outcomes. Seventeen trials (1182 women) compared one antihypertensive drug with another. There is no clear difference between any of these drugs in the risk of developing severe hypertension, and proteinuria/pre-eclampsia. Other antihypertensive agents seem better than methyldopa for reducing the risk of the baby dying [14 trials, 1010 subjects, RR 0.49 (0.24 to 0.99); RD -0.02 (-0.04 to 0.00); NNT 45 (22 to 1341)]. Other outcomes were only reported by a small proportion of studies, and there were no clear differences. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS It remains unclear whether antihypertensive drug therapy for mild-moderate hypertension during pregnancy is worthwhile.
Aerogel and Fibre Optics

This thesis presents the integration of aerogel and fibre optic technologies. We have developed several methods for fabricating aerogels that can transmit laser beams with low distortion and have a low attenuation of 0.07 dB/cm at 1310 nm. The refractive index of our aerogel can be varied between 1.025–1.05 by varying the density between 0.1–0.22 g/cm . These aerogels can be slightly birefringent, and we demonstrate that a 1 cm thick aerogel could be used similarly to a Babinet compensator. New methods have allowed us to controllably alter the optical prop­ erties of aerogel by the inclusion of dopants. Plasmonic aerogel created using our technique offers the unique opportunity to study unclustered and well-dispersed gold nanoparticles in an air-like environment, with applications in spectroscopic sensing and nonlinear optics. The simple and cheap method we have developed for doping aerogel with lanthanide ions could have a significant impact in the fabrication of glasses for laser materials. We have created techniques for making aerogel in or around fibre optics so that we can use it to control the flow of light. Our method of filling a hollowcore fibre has enabled transmission through an unprecedented length of aerogel. The aerogel-filled fibre operates in a single mode at 1550 nm, with attenuation of 0.2 dB/cm. Also, we have encapsulated a range of different sized tapered fibres in aerogel with low attenuation. Tapered optical fibres are sensitive to their immediate environment because the optical field propagates right at the boundary between glass and air. Our lowest attenuation, 0.03 dB/mm at 1310 nm for a 750 nm diameter taper, represents an order of magnitude improvement over using other materials as the encapsulant. We have demonstrated the uses of tapered fibres packaged in aerogel as fused couplers, evanescent gas sensors, and in nonlinear light sources.
Onset of Cardiac Function During Early Mouse Embryogenesis Coincides With Entry of Primitive Erythroblasts Into the Embryo Proper

When cardiac function and blood flow are first established are fundamental questions in mammalian embryogenesis. The earliest erythroblasts arise in yolk sac blood islands and subsequently enter the embryo proper to initiate circulation. Embryos staged 0 to 30 somites (S) were examined in utero with 40- to 50-MHz ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM)-Doppler, to determine onset of embryonic heartbeat and blood flow and to characterize basic physiology of the very early mouse embryonic circulation. A heartbeat was first detected at 5 S, and blood vascular flow at 7 S. Heart rate, peak arterial velocity, and velocity-time integral showed progressive increases that indicated a dramatically increasing cardiac output from even the earliest stages. In situ hybridization revealed an onset of the heartbeat coincident with the appearance of yolk sac–derived erythroblasts in the embryo proper at 5 S. Early maturation of the circulation follows a tightly coordinated program.
Mother–infant attachment and the intergenerational transmission of posttraumatic stress disorder

Abstract Evidence for the intergenerational transmission of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is documented in the literature, although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Attachment theory provides a framework for elucidating the ways in which maternal PTSD may increase offspring PTSD vulnerability. The current study utilized two independent prospective data sets to test the hypotheses that (a) maternal PTSD increases the probability of developing an insecure mother–infant attachment relationship and (b) an insecure mother–infant attachment relationship increases the risk of developing PTSD following trauma exposure in later life. In the first study of urban, primarily low-income ethnic/racial minority mothers and infants (N = 45 dyads), elevated maternal PTSD symptoms at 6 months were associated with increased risk for an insecure, particularly disorganized, mother–infant attachment relationship at 13 months. In the second birth cohort of urban, low-income mothers and children (N = 96 dyads), insecure (avoidant or resistant) attachment in infancy was associated in a dose–response manner with increased lifetime risk for a diagnosis of PTSD by adolescence. A history of disorganized attachment in infancy predicted severity of PTSD symptoms, including reexperiencing, avoidance, hyperarousal, and total symptoms, at 17.5 years. In both studies, associations between attachment and PTSD were not attributable to numerous co-occurring risk factors. The findings suggest that promoting positive mother–child relationships in early development, particularly in populations at high risk for trauma exposure, may reduce the incidence of PTSD.
The infection of primary avian tracheal epithelial cells with infectious bronchitis virus

Here we introduce a culture system for the isolation, passaging and amplification of avian tracheal epithelial (ATE) cells. The ATE medium, which contains chicken embryo extract and fetal bovine serum, supports the growth of ciliated cells, goblet cells and basal cells from chicken tracheas on fibronectin- or matrigel-coated dishes. Non-epithelial cells make up less than 10% of the total population. We further show that ATE cells support the replication and spread of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Interestingly, immunocytostaining revealed that basal cells are resistant to IBV infection. We also demonstrate that glycosaminoglycan had no effect on infection of the cells by IBV. Taken together, these findings suggest that primary ATE cells provide a novel cell culture system for the amplification of IBV and the in vitro characterization of viral cytopathogenesis.
The Vibrio harveyi GTPase CgtAV Is Essential and Is Associated with the 50S Ribosomal Subunit

ABSTRACT It was previously reported that unlike the other obg/cgtA GTPases, the Vibrio harveyi cgtAV is not essential. Here we show that cgtAV was not disrupted in these studies and is, in fact, essential for viability. Depletion of CgtAV did not result in cell elongation. CgtAV is associated with the large ribosomal particle. In light of our results, we predict that the V. harveyi CgtAV protein plays a similar essential role to that seen for Obg/CgtA proteins in other bacteria.
ANAPHYLAXIS IN CHOPPED GUINEA PIG LUNG

The quantitative release of histamine by specific antigen from perfused, chopped, sensitized guinea pig lung has been used to study the effect of peptidase substrates and inhibitors on the anaphylactic reaction. The anaphylactic release of histamine is prevented by chymotrypsin substrates and inhibitors but not by trypsin, carboxypeptidase, or leucine aminopeptidase substrates or the soybean trypsin inhibitor. The chymotrypsin substrates and inhibitors appear to be acting on an antigen-antibody-activated step because these substances fail to inhibit if the tissue is washed free of them prior to antigen addition, and because there is complete desensitization of the tissue without histamine release when the antigen is added in the presence of these inhibitors. The inhibitors work equally well in tissue from passively sensitized animals or in tissue from animals actively sensitized with either ovalbumin or bovine gamma globulin. These observations suggest that activation of a chymotrypsin-like enzyme is a necessary condition for the anaphylactic release of histamine in guinea pig lung. Diisopropylfluophosphate is inhibitory when present at the time of antigen addition but not when the tissue is washed free of unfixed diisopropylfluophosphate prior to adding antigen. This indicates that diisopropylfluophosphate must be acting exclusively on an enzyme which exists in lung tissue in a precursor form resistant to diisopropylfluophosphate until activated by the antigen-antibody interaction. Thiol alkylating or oxidizing agents also prevent the anaphylactic release of histamine, but in contrast to the situation with diisopropylfluophosphate and the other chymotrypsin inhibitors, the phase of the anaphylactic reaction inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide is available prior to the antigen-antibody interaction. The similarities and differences between immune hemolysis and anaphylaxis in chopped guinea pig lung are considered in detail.
Realignment Surgery for Severe Talar Tilt Secondary to Paralytic Cavovarus

Background: Realignment surgeries for mild to moderate ankle osteoarthritis with minimal talar tilt have been reported to be effective. However, there has been no report on joint-sparing surgery of ankle osteoarthritis in patients with paralytic disorders who have severe talar tilt. We therefore investigated whether ankle osteoarthritis with severe talar tilt caused by paralytic disorders can be improved after operative treatment. Methods: This study included 12 ankles (11 patients) with varus ankle osteoarthritis from paralytic disorders with cavovarus deformity of the foot. Mean follow-up period was 3.0 years (range, 2-4.5 years). Causes of paralysis were residual polio in 7 ankles (6 patients), cerebral palsy in 2 ankles, and idiopathic in 3 ankles. Preoperative and postoperative clinical assessments were performed using the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score and a visual analogue scale (VAS). The Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale (AOS) was used for postoperative assessment. Pre- and postoperative radiographic parameters were compared. Results: Mean AOFAS score improved from 39.1 (range, 32-57) preoperatively to 77.9 (range, 72-85) postoperatively. Mean talar tilt improved from 17.4 degrees (range, 9.5-33.5 degrees) to 1.4 degrees (range, 0-4 degrees). Degree of osteoarthritis according to Takakura classification improved in all ankles except two. Mean heel alignment angle was reduced from 40.4 degrees (range, 2-65 degrees) of varus preoperatively to 11.2 degrees (range, –3 to 25.5 degrees) of varus postoperatively. Conclusion: Medial varus ankle osteoarthritis from paralytic cavovarus may be improved even in cases of severe talar tilt. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.