Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-Dose Simvastatin for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Multicenter Randomized Controlled Double-Blinded Clinical Trial

Background and Purpose— Experimental evidence has indicated the benefits of simvastatin for the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Two randomized placebo-controlled pilot trials that used the highest clinically approved dose of simvastatin (80 mg daily) gave positive results despite the fact that a lower dose of simvastatin (40 mg daily) did not improve clinical outcomes. We hypothesized that a high dose of 80 mg of simvastatin daily for 3 weeks would reduce the incidence of delayed ischemic deficits after subarachnoid hemorrhage compared with a lower dose (40 mg of simvastatin daily) and lead to improved clinical outcomes. Methods— The study design was a randomized controlled double-blinded clinical trial. Patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (presenting within 96 hours of the ictus) from 6 neurosurgical centers were recruited for 3 years. The primary outcome measure was the presence of delayed ischemic deficits, and secondary outcome measures included a modified Rankin disability score at 3 months and an analysis of cost-effectiveness. Results— No difference was observed between the groups treated with the higher dose or the lower dose of simvastatin in the incidence of delayed ischemic deficits (27% versus 24%; odds ratio, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.7–2.0; P=0.586) or in the rate of favorable outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score, 0–2) at 3 months (73% versus 72%; odds ratio, 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.6–1.9; P=0.770). Conclusions— High-dose simvastatin treatment should not be prescribed routinely for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT01077206.
Sports participation styles revisited: A time-trend study in Belgium from the 1970s to the 2000s

Social changes have been influencing determinants for sports participation since the introduction of the Sport for All ideology in the early 1970s. Consistent with Crum’s sportisation theory, today’s modes of sports practices, as well as the network of sport services, have diversified and de-traditionalised. As part of a research tradition, this contribution aims at analysing changes in sports participation styles in kinesiology students in Belgium during the past four decades (1972–2009). The distinct target group was supposed to fulfil a trend-setting role in the area of active sports participation. Data were obtained from a standardised retrospective questionnaire on leisure-time sports participation. Using standardised methods, Principal Component Analysis was used to identify patterns of sports participation. The results show a diversification of sports participation styles until the 1980s, followed by an intensification of basic style components since the 1990s. Sports participation styles between 1999 and 2009 are subdivided into multiple distinct traditional and non-traditional components, with growing emphasis on non-traditional, alternative practices. Newly observed components in 2009 are discussed in relation to previous time intervals and trends in sports participation.
Adaptation of the Basic Empathy Scale among a Portuguese sample of incarcerated juvenile offenders

The main aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Basic Empathy Scale (BES) and of its adapted short version among a forensic sample of incarcerated male juvenile offenders (N = 221). The Portuguese validations of the BES and its adapted short version demonstrated good psychometric properties, namely in terms of the two-factor structure, internal consistency, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and concurrent validity that generally justifies its use among this population. Statistically significant associations were found with callous–unemotional traits and social anxiety. Findings are discussed in terms of the use of the BES and its adapted short version with juvenile offenders.
Hearing the child

Given that in our view the child has a fundamental right to be heard in all collective deliberative processes determining his or her future, we set out, firstly, what is required of such processes to respect this right – namely that the child's authentic voice is heard and makes a difference – and, secondly, the distance between this ideal and practice exemplified in the work of child welfare and child protection workers in Norway and the UK, chiefly in their display of an instrumental attitude to children's views.
Global Analysis of Cdc14 Phosphatase Reveals Diverse Roles in Mitotic Processes*

Cdc14 phosphatase regulates multiple events during anaphase and is essential for mitotic exit in budding yeast. Cdc14 is regulated in both a spatial and temporal manner. It is sequestered in the nucleolus for most of the cell cycle by the nucleolar protein Net1 and is released into the nucleus and cytoplasm during anaphase. To identify novel binding partners of Cdc14, we used affinity purification of Cdc14 and mass spectrometric analysis of interacting proteins from strains in which Cdc14 localization or catalytic activity was altered. To alter Cdc14 localization, we used a strain deleted for NET1, which causes full release of Cdc14 from the nucleolus. To alter Cdc14 activity, we generated mutations in the active site of Cdc14 (C283S or D253A), which allow binding of substrates, but not dephosphorylation, by Cdc14. Using this strategy, we identified new interactors of Cdc14, including multiple proteins involved in mitotic events. A subset of these proteins displayed increased affinity for catalytically inactive mutants of Cdc14 compared with the wild-type version, suggesting they are likely substrates of Cdc14. We have also shown that several of the novel Cdc14-interacting proteins, including Kar9 (a protein that orients the mitotic spindle) and Bni1 and Bnr1 (formins that nucleate actin cables and may be important for actomyosin ring contraction) are specifically dephosphorylated by Cdc14 in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest the dephosphorylation of the formins may be important for their observed localization change during exit from mitosis and indicate that Cdc14 targets proteins involved in wide-ranging mitotic events.
Nitrogen cycling in deeply oxygenated sediments: Results in Lake Superior and implications for marine sediments

To understand the nitrogen (N) cycle in sediments with deep oxygen penetration, we measured pore‐water profiles to calculate N fluxes and rates at 13 locations in Lake Superior in water depths ranging from 26 to 318 m. Sediments with high oxygen demand, such as in nearshore or high‐sedimentation areas, contribute disproportionally to benthic N removal, despite covering only a small portion of the lake floor. These sediments are nitrate sinks (average 0.16 mmol m−2 d−1) and have denitrification rates (average 0.76 mmol m−2 d−1) that are comparable to those in coastal marine sediments. The deeply oxygenated (4 to > 12 cm) offshore sediments are nitrate sources (average 0.26 mmol m−2 d−1) and generate N2 at lower rates (average 0.10 mmol m−2 d−1). Ammonium is nitrified with high efficiency (90%), and nitrification supports > 50% of denitrification nearshore and µ 100% offshore. Oxygen consumption by nitrification accounts for 12% of the total sediment oxygen uptake. About 2% of nitrate reduction is coupled to oxidation of iron, a rarely detected pathway. Our Lake Superior N budget indicates significant contributions from sediment—water exchanges and N2 production and is closer to balance than previous budgets. Our results reveal that sediment N cycling in large freshwater lakes is similar to that in marine systems. They further suggest that denitrification rates in slowly accumulating, well‐oxygenated sediments cannot be described by the same relationship with total oxygen uptake as in high‐sedimentation areas; hence, global models should treat abyssal ocean sediments differently than coastal and shelf sediments.
A trace on fractal graphs and the Ihara zeta function

Starting with Ihara's work in 1968, there has been a growing interest in the study of zeta functions of finite graphs, by Sunada, Hashimoto, Bass, Stark and Terras, Mizuno and Sato, to name just a few authors. Then, Clair and Mokhtari-Sharghi studied zeta functions for infinite graphs acted upon by a discrete group of automorphisms. The main formula in all these treatments establishes a connection between the zeta function, originally defined as an infinite product, and the Laplacian of the graph. In this article, we consider a different class of infinite graphs. They are fractal graphs, i.e. they enjoy a self-similarity property. We de. ne a zeta function for these graphs and, using the machinery of operator algebras, we prove a determinant formula, which relates the zeta function with the Laplacian of the graph. We also prove functional equations, and a formula which allows approximation of the zeta function by the zeta functions of finite subgraphs.
Re-examination of Oostenbroek et al. (2016): evidence for neonatal imitation of tongue protrusion.

The meaning, mechanism, and function of imitation in early infancy have been actively discussed since Meltzoff and Moore's (1977) report of facial and manual imitation by human neonates. Oostenbroek et al. (2016) claim to challenge the existence of early imitation and to counter all interpretations so far offered. Such claims, if true, would have implications for theories of social-cognitive development. Here we identify 11 flaws in Oostenbroek et al.'s experimental design that biased the results toward null effects. We requested and obtained the authors' raw data. Contrary to the authors' conclusions, new analyses reveal significant tongue-protrusion imitation at all four ages tested (1, 3, 6, and 9 weeks old). We explain how the authors missed this pattern and offer five recommendations for designing future experiments. Infant imitation raises fundamental issues about action representation, social learning, and brain-behavior relations. The debate about the origins and development of imitation reflects its importance to theories of developmental science.
Identification and treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the distal sagittal ridge of the third metacarpal bone.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the distal sagittal ridge of the third metacarpal bone (McIII) has not previously been described in the literature. OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical, radiological and arthroscopic features of OCD of the distal sagittal ridge of the McIII and to report outcome in a series of cases. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS Case records and images of horses with OCD of the distal sagittal ridge of the McIII admitted to a single referral centre between February 2006 and February 2013 were reviewed. Follow-up information was obtained by telephone questionnaire and/or racing performance. RESULTS Osteochondritis dissecans of the distal sagittal ridge of the McIII was found in 16 lame horses; 9 unilaterally and 7 bilaterally. Lesions were consistently identified with flexed lateromedial radiographs and in 21 joints in dorsopalmar projections also. These were arthroscopically accessible from the dorsal compartment with metacarpophalangeal joints maximally flexed. This permitted fragment removal and lesion debridement. Thirteen of 14 horses with follow-up of ≥12 months post surgery performed athletically including 11 of 12 Thoroughbreds that raced. CONCLUSIONS Unlike more proximal lesions, OCD of the distal sagittal ridge appears to affect the McIII preferentially. Lesions were identified on dorsopalmar and flexed lateromedial radiographs only and are amenable to arthroscopic surgery. Clinicians should be aware of the potential for OCD to affect the distal sagittal ridge of the McIII together with the radiographic projections needed to identify its presence. A modified arthroscopic approach to the dorsal metacarpophalangeal joint is necessary in order to access lesions.
The Role of Attention in Mediating the Effect of Advertising on Attribute Importance

Two experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that the amount of attention drawn to an attribute by an advertisement mediates the effect of advertising on attribute importance. The first experiment manipulated the amount of attention given to an attribute in an advertisement and found this to have an impact on the importance of the attribute. The second experiment manipulated the concreteness of an advertisement's copy mentioning the attribute, the relevance of the ad's picture, and the number of repetitions of the ad, and found that attention mediated the impact of textual concreteness on attribute importance, but that picture relevance and repetition were not related to attention or importance.
Cognitive load and the format of instructional aids for coherence formation

Learning with multiple representations is a highly demanding cognitive process because learners have to build referential connections between externally presented representations in order to construct a coherent mental representation. Several approaches for supporting coherence formation have been examined, which can be assigned to two types of helping strategies: first, learners can be assisted in recognising corresponding elements and structures on a surface feature level (e.g. by hyperlinking). Second, they can be supported on a deep structure level (i.e. by explaining the relations of corresponding structures more or less explicitly). In a 2 × 2 experimental study the effects on learning performance and cognitive load of both types of help were compared. Results show that coherence formation can be efficiently supported by deep structure level help (DLH) especially in combination with surface level help (SLH). Hyperlinks seem to guide learners' attention to relevant connections that are additionally explained by the deep structure help. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temporal Perspective and Attributions: The Role of Causal Stability and Certainty

Examinations of the effect of temporal perspective on attributions have resulted in a set of apparently contradictory findings. Our results suggest that rather than a dispositional shift versus a situational shift, these findings can be reconciled in terms of a "stability shift" in attributions over time. In Study 1, participants were given scenarios and were asked to imagine themselves, or another person, succeeding or failing in the past, present, or future. In Study 2, participants provided attributions for their own real-life exam performances, with a design that instituted a time delay. The dependent measures were eight achievement attributions corresponding to the cells of Weiner's model. Discussion centers around the stability and certainty of causes, and directions for further research.
Interactions Among Infections, Nutrients and Xenobiotics

During recent years there have been several incidents in which symptoms of disease have been linked to consumption of food contaminated by chemical substances (e.g., 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, TCDD). Furthermore, outbreaks of infections in food-producing animals have attracted major attention regarding the safety of consumers, e.g., Bovine Spongiform Encephalitis (BSE) and influenza in chicken. As shown for several xenobiotics in an increasing number of experimental studies, even low-dose xenobiotic exposure may impair immune function over time, as well as microorganism virulence, resulting in more severe infectious diseases and associated complications. Moreover, during ongoing infection, xenobiotic uptake and distribution are often changed resulting in increased toxic insult to the host. The interactions among infectious agents, nutrients, and xenobiotics have thus become a developing concern and new avenue of research in food toxicology as well as in food-borne diseases. From a health perspective, in the risk assessment of xenobiotics in our food and environment, synergistic effects among microorganisms, nutrients, and xenobiotics will have to be considered. Otherwise, such effects may gradually change the disease panorama in society.
Increase of the Immunostimulatory Effect of Dendritic Cells by Pulsing With CA 19-9 Protein

Previously, a relative resistance of solid tumor cells to immunologic effector cells was shown in vitro. This resistance could be one reason for the clinical phenomenon of resistance of patients with colon carcinoma or other solid tumors to immunologic therapeutic approaches. In this study, dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with CA 19-9 protein were tested for their immunostimulatory capacity of immunologic effector cells against cells derived from colon and pancreatic carcinoma. Dendritic cell cultures coexpressed CMRF-44 and CD1a, markers typical of DCs, in 31.5% ± 5.3% after 13 days of culture. Coculture of NK-like T lymphocytes with DCs led to a significant increase in cytotoxic activity, as measured using a lactate dehydrogenase release assay. Cytotoxic activity could be further increased using DCs pulsed with CA 19-9 protein. The effect of CA 19-9 on increasing the cytotoxic effect of NK-like T lymphocytes was dose dependent. Similarly, cocultivation of DCs with NK-like T cells derived from patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer and elevated CA 19-9 serum levels led to a significant increase in cytotoxic activity. In conclusion, DCs pulsed with CA 19-9 protein can increase the cytotoxic activity of immunologic effector cells against colon carcinoma and pancreatic cancer cells. Dendritic cells pulsed with CA 19-9 protein may have an important effect on immunotherapeutic protocols for patients with cancer.
Leader–member social exchange (LMSX): development and validation of a scale

In the last 10 years, research devoted to the construct of leader–member exchange (LMX) has increasingly relied on the tenets of social exchange as a theoretical foundation to propose and test relationships between supervisor-subordinate dyads and variables of significant consequence. Despite the theory underpinning such relationships, researchers continue to measure LMX with scales developed to assess vertical dyad linkage (VDL), not social exchange. To address this concern, we investigated the content validity of LMX7 (the most widely cited measure of LMX) and LMX-MDM (a popular multidimensional measure of LMX). Findings from content validity assessments by 25 LMX experts revealed LMX7 and LMX-MDM items are not representative of the construct of social exchange. As such, we undertook a series of studies to develop a new scale we label, leader–member social exchange (LMSX). Results indicate LMSX is able to assess different, as well as the same, components of the supervisor–subordinate relationship as previous scales while being more theoretically consistent with the notion of social exchange. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Explaining the Changing Nature of Homicide Clearance in Canada

Canadian homicide clearance rates are higher than for any other type of crime, but clearance rates have been decreasing since the late 1960s and they are not uniform across the country. This article examines homicide clearance in Canada using data derived from the Canadian Homicide Survey to determine whether the evident temporal and geographical variations in clearance are explained by either victim characteristics or offense details. There are two competing theories regarding homicide clearance characteristics. On one hand, it is argued that the police use discretion when determining which cases deserving more attention. The alternate theory is that police apportion the same effort to all homicide cases, regardless of the victim’s status owing to the heinous nature of the crime; therefore, only case details impede the process of determining culpability. Using logistic regression analysis, this examination first focuses on the influence of time and geography on clearance probabilities and then compares the effect of victim characteristics and offense characteristics on clearance outcomes. Empirically nested models indicate that victim characteristics are not a robust predictor of clearance; offense characteristics are found to be more influential. However, both temporal and geographical factors remain important predictors of homicide clearance. The impacts of increasing gang- and drug-related homicides are discussed, as are implications for future research.
The emerging self‐directed learning methods for design engineers

For learning opportunities to exist in an organisation, adequate learning methods need to be available in the organisation. This paper looks at the various learning methods for engineers in the design environment adopted by two automotive organisations. With greater work demands placed on the engineer and less time to learn, a more self‐directed learning approach is emerging. Emphasis is on the engineering design environment because of the continuous need for design engineers to keep updated with current engineering information, knowledge and techniques. By having the right learning climate and methods available in the organisation, the individual can engage in self‐directed learning; the effects of which are beneficial to organisational learning and the design engineer’s self‐development.
Aggressiveness and Disobedience

This study aims to conceptualize disobedient pupil behavior within the more general framework of antisocial behavior and to reveal how two forms of aggressiveness are related to disobedience. Disobedience, in the context of this article, covers disruptive pupil behavior or discipline problems when the pupil is aware of breaking a standard set by the teacher. Self‐reported data were collected from a representative sample of Norwegian eighth‐graders, 1,010 boys and 1,073 girls. Structural equation modeling, with latent variables, was used following LISREL 8.80. Analyses were conducted for boys and girls separately by multi‐group modeling. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the construct of disobedience as homogenous across genders. Structural models confirmed reactive aggressiveness, proactive power‐related, and proactive affiliation‐related aggressiveness as predictors of disobedience in both boys and girls.