Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validation of stratospheric and mesospheric ozone observed by SMILES from International Space Station

Abstract. We observed ozone (O3) in the vertical region between 250 and 0.0005 hPa (~ 12–96 km) using the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) on the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) of the International Space Station (ISS) between 12 October 2009 and 21 April 2010. The new 4 K superconducting heterodyne receiver technology of SMILES allowed us to obtain a one order of magnitude better signal-to-noise ratio for the O3 line observation compared to past spaceborne microwave instruments. The non-sun-synchronous orbit of the ISS allowed us to observe O3 at various local times. We assessed the quality of the vertical profiles of O3 in the 100–0.001 hPa (~ 16–90 km) region for the SMILES NICT Level 2 product version 2.1. 5. The evaluation is based on four components: error analysis; internal comparisons of observations targeting three different instrumental setups for the same O3 625.371 GHz transition; internal comparisons of two different retrieval algorithms; and external comparisons for various local times with ozonesonde, satellite and balloon observations (ENVISAT/MIPAS, SCISAT/ACE-FTS, Odin/OSIRIS, Odin/SMR, Aura/MLS, TELIS). SMILES O3 data have an estimated absolute accuracy of better than 0.3 ppmv (3%) with a vertical resolution of 3–4 km over the 60 to 8 hPa range. The random error for a single measurement is better than the estimated systematic error, being less than 1, 2, and 7%, in the 40–1, 80–0.1, and 100–0.004 hPa pressure regions, respectively. SMILES O3 abundance was 10–20% lower than all other satellite measurements at 8–0.1 hPa due to an error arising from uncertainties of the tangent point information and the gain calibration for the intensity of the spectrum. SMILES O3 from observation frequency Band-B had better accuracy than that from Band-A. A two month period is required to accumulate measurements covering 24 h in local time of O3 profile. However such a dataset can also contain variation due to dynamical, seasonal, and latitudinal effects.
Laboratory Investigations Bone Formation Zones in Heterotopic Ossifications: Histologic Findings and Increased Expression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 and Transforming Growth Factors ß2 and ß3

Heterotopic ossifications (HOs) formed after total endoprosthetic replacement of the hip joint were collected during revision surgery (n = 7). Tissues col- lected during regular hip arthroplasty (n = 12) were used as reference. Histomorphometric analysis was per- formed for assessment of bone formation activity in HOs and reference bone. HOs were dissected with histological guidance into three zones: formed bone, zone of active bone formation, and zone with fibrous connective and fibrocartilagineous tissue. Relative expression of the mRNA for bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), transforming growth factor s2 (TGF-s2), and TGF-s3 was determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction relative to s-actin. Expression of all three growth factors was higher than in orthotopic bone. Similarly, the osteoid surface density was increased in HOs. The levels of all growth factors were higher in the zone of active bone formation or remodeling than in the zone of formed bone. In matured HOs, the osteoid sur- face density as well as mRNA levels were lower, although still significantly raised, indicating that bone formation slows down after 2 years. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of TGF-s1, TGF-s2, TGF- s3, and BMP-2 proteins in the zone of bone formation. We conclude that bone formation after heterotopic bone induction is initially intense, slows down within 2 years, and thereupon continues as active remodeling mainly on the border of HO. Our data indicate that BMP-2, TGF- s2, and TGF-s3 are involved in bone formation in HO.
Three Novel Candidate Probiotic Strains with Prophylactic Properties in a Murine Model of Cow's Milk Allergy

ABSTRACT Food allergies can have significant effects on morbidity and on quality of life. Therefore, the development of efficient approaches to reduce the risk of developing food allergies is of considerable interest. The aim of this study was to identify and select probiotic strains with preventive properties against allergies using a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches. To that end, 31 strains of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria were screened for their immunomodulatory properties in two cellular models, namely, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and T helper 2 (Th2)-skewed murine splenocytes. Six strains inducing a high interleukin-10 (IL-10)/IL-12p70 ratio and a low secretion of IL-4 on the two cellular models were selected, and their protective impact was tested in vivo in a murine model of food allergy to β-lactoglobulin. Three strains showed a protective impact on sensitization, with a decrease in allergen-specific IgE, and on allergy, with a decrease in mast cell degranulation. Analysis of the impact of these three strains on the T helper balance revealed different mechanisms of action. The Lactobacillus salivarius LA307 strain proved to block Th1 and Th2 responses, while the Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis LA308 strain induced a pro-Th1 profile and the Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA305 strain induced pro-Th1 and regulatory responses. These results demonstrate that a combination of in vitro and in vivo screening is effective in probiotic strain selection and allowed identification of three novel probiotic strains that are active against sensitization in mice.
Five recombinant fragments of human serum albumin—tools for the characterization of the warfarin binding site

Human serum albumin (HSA) interacts with a vast array of chemically diverse ligands at specific binding sites. To pinpoint the essential structural elements for the formation of the warfarin binding site on human serum albumin, a defined set of five recombinant proteins comprising combinations of domains and/or subdomains of the N‐terminal part were prepared and characterized by biochemical standard procedures, tryptophanyl fluorescence, and circular dichroic measurements, indicating well‐preserved secondary and tertiary structures. Affinity constants for binding to warfarin were estimated by fluorescence titration experiments and found to be highest for HSA‐DOM I‐II and HSA, followed by HSA‐DOM IB‐II, HSA‐DOM II, and HSA‐DOM I‐IIA. In addition, ultraviolet difference spectroscopy and induced circular dichroism experiments were carried out to get an in depth understanding of the binding mechanism of warfarin to the fragments as stand‐alone proteins. This systematic study indicates that the primary warfarin binding site is centered in subdomain IIA with indispensable structural contributions of subdomain IIB and domain I, while domain III is not involved in this binding site, underlining the great potential that lies in the use of combinations of recombinant fragments for the study and accurate localization of ligand binding sites on HSA.
Feeding of Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 Leads to Intestinal miRNA-423-5p-Induced Regulation of Immune-Relevant Genes

ABSTRACT Probiotics are widely used in human and animal health, but little is known about the mode of action of probiotics. One possible mechanism at the molecular level could be an influence on microRNAs (miRNAs) and the related immune-relevant target genes. Here, we analyzed differential expression of miRNA and potential target genes of ileal and jejunal lymphatic tissues from Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415-fed piglets versus untreated controls by using next-generation sequencing. We identified miR-423-5p as being greatly affected by the treatment group (2.32-fold; P = 0.014). Validation by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) confirmed a significant upregulation of miR-423-5p (2.11-fold; P = 0.03) and, additionally, downregulation of the important immune-relevant immunoglobulin lambda light C region (IGLC) (0.61-fold; P = 0.03) and immunoglobulin kappa constant (IGKC) (0.69-fold; P = 0.04) target genes. Expression analysis of miR-423-5p and IGLC at different age points shows a clear anticorrelated relationship. Luciferase reporter assays with a HeLa cell line verified IGLC as a target of miR-423-5p. The results provided evidence for an effect of feeding of E. faecium on the expression of miR-423-5p and on the regulation of the IGLC gene through miR-423-5p. This might be a possible mode of action of E. faecium on immune cell regulation in the small intestine.
A Multi-stage Deep Learning Approach for Business Process Event Prediction

The ability to proactively monitor business processes is one of the main differentiators for firms to remain competitive. Process execution logs generated by Process Aware Information Systems (PAIS) help to make various business process specific predictions. This enables a proactive situational awareness related to the execution of business processes. The goal of the approach proposed in the current paper is to predict the next business process event, considering the past activities in the running process instance, based on the execution log data from previously completed process instances. By predicting the business process events, companies can initiate timely interventions to address undesired deviations from the desired workflow. In our study, we propose a multi-stage deep learning approach which formulates the next business process event prediction problem as a classification problem and applies deep feedforward multilayer neural networks after extracting features with feature hashing and deep stacked autoencoders. The experiments conducted on a variety of business process log datasets reveal that the proposed multi-stage deep learning approach provides promising results. The results are compared against existing deep recurrent neural networks and other approaches as well.
Reemergence of Blended Tube Feeding and Parent's Reported Experiences in Their Tube Fed Children.

OBJECTIVE Healthcare providers (HCPs) report increased interest in blenderized tube feeding (BTF) as an alternative to commercial formula (CF) feeding-particularly in families of tube fed children. The objective of this study was to explore parents' reported experiences of CF and BTF in their children. DESIGN Prospective descriptive study utilizing a convenience sample. SETTING/SUBJECTS Parents (n = 433) of tube fed children in an online tube feeding support group completed an electronic survey to compare experiences of CF and BTF in their tube fed children. RESULTS The sample was evenly represented by parents using CF (50.5%) and BTF (49.5%). Reasons parents chose BTF included desire to provide whole foods (20.2%), decrease symptoms of tube feeding intolerance (19.7%), provide family meals (12.2%), increase oral intake (10.8%), address allergies (5.3%), or because they did not like formula (19.7%). Parents reported fewer symptoms of tube feeding intolerance on BTF and their children more frequently met growth goals compared to formula feeding. Only half (49.3%) of parents using BTF referred to HCPs for recipes and feeding oversight. The primary reasons parents did not use BTF included lack of knowledge (50.9%) or time constraints (20.0%). CONCLUSIONS A significant number of parents in this sample successfully provide full or partial BTF to their children but only half rely on HCPs for guidance. There is wide variability in BTF preparation and delivery. Parents who use or have interest in BTF need knowledgeable and supportive HCPs for guidance and follow-up due to the unique nutritional needs of this patient population. HCPs need to be prepared to screen families of tube fed children who are using BTF or are interested in this feeding alternative to CF. Healthcare facilities need to evaluate their enteral feeding policies to accommodate patients on BTF.
Effectiveness of photographs of study models for IOTN scoring

Abstract Aim The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the same orthodontic information can be obtained from study models or photographs of study models in order to assess the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The study also aimed to assess inter- and intra-examiner reliability in the assessment of orthodontic treatment need. Sample Thirty sets of start and finish study models, demonstrating a range of malocclusions, were non-randomly obtained from patients treated at the University of Manchester Dental Hospital. The start models demonstrated a range of malocclusions (according to The British Standard Institute Incisor Classification 1983) of varying complexity. Method Six photographic views of each set of study models were taken against a dark background. Millimetric distances were determined by using dividers to measure photographic distances and actual distances in millimeters from a ruler embedded in the image. Four examiners assessed the study models and photographs of the models in a random order and the Aesthetic and Dental Health components of the IOTN were recorded. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the IOTN scores from photographs of study models compared with IOTN scores from study models of the same patient. Conclusion The IOTN scores derived from photographs of study models are valid and reliable measures of malocclusion.
In vitro Antiviral Activities of Aframomum melegueta leaf Extracts on Newcastle Disease Virus ( NDV ) , Fowl Pox Virus ( FPV ) and Infectious Bursal Disease Virus ( IBDV )

The in vitro antiviral activities of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Aframomum melegueta leave was evaluated against three viral families namely, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Fowl pox virus (FPV) and Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). The assay was performed in ten day old embryonated chicken eggs by chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and the allantoic sac inoculation for FPV or IBDV and NDV respectively. The viral replication in the tests and controls were estimated by haemagglitination assay of harvested allantoic fluid for NDV and reduction in pocks formation when compared with controls as an indication of viral inhibition in FDV and IBDV. The percentage inhibition to NDV is directly proportional to the concentration of both the aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts of Aframomum melegueta leaves; 400mg/ml, 200mg/ml and 100mg/ml of the sample yielded 86.0% 50.0% and 50.0% for aqueous extract, 89% 86% and 50% for ethanol extract, while methanolic extract gave 95% 89% and 50% respectively. However, a moderate antiviral activity against FPV and complete egg mortality against IBDV was observed. The presence of Alkaloids, Tannins, Saponins, and Flavonoids was exhibited, while Cyanogenic glycosides and Triterpenes were absent. These findings suggest that Aframomum melegueta could be a potential candidate in the management of Newcastle and Fowl pox diseases affecting the poultry industry. The active component responsible for the antiviral activity needs evaluation.
Online identification of abdominal tissues in vivo for tissue-aware and injury-avoiding surgical robots

This work presents a “smart” robotic surgical grasper capable of identifying tissue during the early stages of a grasp, allowing automated prevention of grasper-induced tissue crush injuries. It employs no additional sensors beyond signals already present in surgical robots. An estimation algorithm using an extended Kalman filter (EKF) is employed for a nonlinear tissue dynamic model, which is investigated in silico as well as in vivo and in situ on porcine models. Results show that while the approach is sensitive to initial conditions, tissue can be identified during the early stage of a typical grasp.
Delay-dependent robust control for uncertain discrete singular systems with time-varying delay

The design problem of delay-dependent robust control for uncertain discrete singular systems with time-varying delay is addressed in this paper. The uncertainty is assumed to be norm-bounded. By establishing a finite sum inequality based on quadratic terms, a new delay-dependent robust stability condition is derived and expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). A suitable robust state feedback control law is presented, which guarantees that the resultant closed-loop system is regular, causal and stable for all admissible uncertainties. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method.
Lifelong exercise, but not short‐term high‐intensity interval training, increases GDF11, a marker of successful aging: a preliminary investigation

Lifelong exercise is associated with regulation of skeletal mass and function, reductions in frailty, and successful aging. Yet, the influence of exercise on myostatin and myostatin‐interacting factors is relatively under examined in older males. Therefore, we investigated whether serum total myostatin, free myostatin, follistatin, and growth and differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) were altered following high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) in a group of 13 lifelong sedentary (SED; 64 [6] years) and 11 lifelong exercising (LEX; 62 [6] years) older males. SED follistatin was moderately greater than LEX pre‐HIIT (Cohen's d = 0.66), and was largely greater post‐HIIT (Cohen's d = 1.22). The HIIT‐induced increase in follistatin was large in SED (Cohen's d = 0.82) and absent in LEX (Cohen's d = 0.03). GDF11 was higher in LEX pre‐HIIT (Cohen's d = 0.49) and post‐HIIT (Cohen's d = 0.63) compared to SED. HIIT resulted in no change to GDF11 in LEX or SED (Cohen's d = 0.00–0.03). Peak power output and GDF11 were correlated (r = 0.603), independent of grouping. Differences in GDF11 with lifelong exercise training, paired with the correlation between GDF11 and peak power output, suggested that GDF11 may be a relevant myostatin‐interacting peptide to successful aging in humans, and strategies to maintain this need to be further explored.
Quality Characteristics of Noodle Added with Radish Juice Containing Pulp

Purpose: This study was to investigate the quality characteristics of wet noodle added with radish juice containing with pulp. Methods: Wet noodles were prepared with different amounts of radish juice (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%, w/w) instead of water. Results: As the amount of radish juice was increased, water absorption, volume increasing rate, and turbidity of soup were decreased. Lightness (L) values of uncooked wet noodles and cooked noodles were decreased with the addition of radish juice, while redness (a) and yellowness (b) values had no tendency of increasing or decreasing, regardless of the amount of radish juice. Moreover, lightness, redness, and yellowness values of uncooked noodles were higher than those of cooked noodles. The texture of cooked noodles showed significant differences in hardness and chewiness. It was increased as the amount of radish juice was increased. Their adhesiveness and springiness were lower than those of the control. Appearance, texture, and overall acceptability of sensory evaluation revealed that the noodle added with 80% of radish juice had the highest scores, although there were no differences among noodles added with different amounts of radish juice. Conclusion: In summary, the most desirable blending ratio of radish juice and water for the kneading of wet noodles was 80:20.
Oxidation Mechanism of Cu2O and Defect Structure of CuO at High Temperatures

Kinetics and mechanism of Cu 2 O oxidation have been studied as a function of temperature (973– 1273 K) and oxygen pressure (1– 10 5 Pa), using microthermogravimetric and marker techniques. It has been found that in early stages not exceeding 30 hours, CuO formation follows approximately cubic rate law and in later stages, the process can be described by parabolic kinetics with the rate being independent of Cu 2 O pretreatment. Marker experiments, conﬁrmed by two-stage oxidation studies, have demonstrated that the growth process of CuO layer on the surface of Cu 2 O proceeds by the outward diffusion of cations, clearly indicating that the cation sublattice of CuO is predominantly defected. These results together with kinetic and nonstoichiometry data strongly suggest that in addition to intrinsic electronic disorder (i.e. electron holes and quasi-free electrons), doubly ionized cation vacancies are the prevailing ionic defects in this oxide.
MerTK Cleavage on Resident Cardiac Macrophages Compromises Repair After Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

Rationale: Clinical benefits of reperfusion after myocardial infarction are offset by maladaptive innate immune cell function, and therapeutic interventions are lacking. Objective: We sought to test the significance of phagocytic clearance by resident and recruited phagocytes after myocardial ischemia reperfusion. Methods and Results: In humans, we discovered that clinical reperfusion after myocardial infarction led to significant elevation of the soluble form of MerTK (myeloid-epithelial-reproductive tyrosine kinase; ie, soluble MER), a critical biomarker of compromised phagocytosis by innate macrophages. In reperfused mice, macrophage Mertk deficiency led to decreased cardiac wound debridement, increased infarct size, and depressed cardiac function, newly implicating MerTK in cardiac repair after myocardial ischemia reperfusion. More notably, Mertk(CR) mice, which are resistant to cleavage, showed significantly reduced infarct sizes and improved systolic function. In contrast to other cardiac phagocyte subsets, resident cardiac MHCIILOCCR2− (major histocompatibility complex II/C-C motif chemokine receptor type 2) macrophages expressed higher levels of MerTK and, when exposed to apoptotic cells, secreted proreparative cytokines, including transforming growth factor-&bgr;. Mertk deficiency compromised the accumulation of MHCIILO phagocytes, and this was rescued in Mertk(CR) mice. Interestingly, blockade of CCR2-dependent monocyte infiltration into the heart reduced soluble MER levels post-ischemia reperfusion. Conclusions: Our data implicate monocyte-induced MerTK cleavage on proreparative MHCIILO cardiac macrophages as a novel contributor and therapeutic target of reperfusion injury.
Application of High-Dynamic Range Imaging Techniques in Architecture: A Step toward High-Quality Daylit Interiors?

High dynamic range (HDR) imaging techniques are nowadays widely used in building research to capture luminances in the occupant field of view and investigate visual discomfort. This photographic technique also makes it possible to map sky luminances. Such images can be used for illuminating virtual scenes; the technique is called image-based lighting (IBL). This paper presents a work investigating IBL in a lighting quality research context for accelerating the development of appearance-driven performance indicators. Simulations were carried out using Radiance software. The ability of IBL to accurately predict indoor luminances is discussed by comparison with luminances from HDR photographs and luminances predicted by simulation in modeling the sky in several other more traditional ways. The present study confirms previous observations that IBL leads to similar luminance values than far less laborious simulations in which the sky is modeled based on outdoor illuminance measurements. IBL and these last methods minimize differences with HDR photographs in comparison to sky modeling not based on outdoor measurements.