Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Making Education Count: The Effects of Ethnicity and Qualifications on Intergenerational Social Class Mobility

This paper examines the role of social class and ethnic group background in determining individuals’ social class destinations. It explores the extent to which these background factors are mediated by educational achievement, and the role of educational qualifications in enabling intergenerational class mobility. To do this, it uses the ONS Longitudinal Study. These data allow us to observe parents’ characteristics during childhood for a group of children of different ethnic groups growing up in England and Wales in the same period and who had reached adulthood by 2001. Results show that the influence of class background on these children's subsequent social class position varied with ethnicity: it was important for the majority, even after taking account of educational qualifications, but had a much smaller role to play for the minority groups. The minority groups made use of education to achieve upward mobility, but to greater effect for some groups than for others. Among those without educational qualifications, minority groups suffered an ‘ethnic penalty’ in relation to higher class outcomes; but for Pakistanis and Bangladeshis, this penalty persisted at all levels of education. These findings challenge the notion that a more equal society can be achieved simply through promoting equality of opportunity through education.
Physical and Functional Interaction of NCX1 and EAAC1 Transporters Leading to Glutamate-Enhanced ATP Production in Brain Mitochondria

Glutamate is emerging as a major factor stimulating energy production in CNS. Brain mitochondria can utilize this neurotransmitter as respiratory substrate and specific transporters are required to mediate the glutamate entry into the mitochondrial matrix. Glutamate transporters of the Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters (EAATs) family have been previously well characterized on the cell surface of neuronal and glial cells, representing the primary players for glutamate uptake in mammalian brain. Here, by using western blot, confocal microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy, we report for the first time that the Excitatory Amino Acid Carrier 1 (EAAC1), an EAATs member, is expressed in neuronal and glial mitochondria where it participates in glutamate-stimulated ATP production, evaluated by a luciferase-luciferin system. Mitochondrial metabolic response is counteracted when different EAATs pharmacological blockers or selective EAAC1 antisense oligonucleotides were used. Since EAATs are Na+-dependent proteins, this raised the possibility that other transporters regulating ion gradients across mitochondrial membrane were required for glutamate response. We describe colocalization, mutual activity dependency, physical interaction between EAAC1 and the sodium/calcium exchanger 1 (NCX1) both in neuronal and glial mitochondria, and that NCX1 is an essential modulator of this glutamate transporter. Only NCX1 activity is crucial for such glutamate-stimulated ATP synthesis, as demonstrated by pharmacological blockade and selective knock-down with antisense oligonucleotides. The EAAC1/NCX1-dependent mitochondrial response to glutamate may be a general and alternative mechanism whereby this neurotransmitter sustains ATP production, since we have documented such metabolic response also in mitochondria isolated from heart. The data reported here disclose a new physiological role for mitochondrial NCX1 as the key player in glutamate-induced energy production.
EĞİTİLEBİLİR ZİHİNSEL ENGELLİ ERKEK ÇOCUKLARIN BAZI MOTOR BECERİLERİNE ANTRENMANIN ETKİSİ

Bu calisma, antrenmanlarin Egitilebilir Zihinsel Engelli (EZE) cocuklarin bazi motor becerilerine etkisini arastirmak amaciyla planlandi. Calismaya yas, boy, ve IQ ortalama degerleri sirasiyla 14 yil, 154 cm, 59,1puan olan 11 adet egitilebilir zihinsel engelli erkek cocuk katildi. Antrenman programindan uc gun once ve sonra Hastad ve Lacy(1989) ve Vannier ve Fait (1975)’in onerdigi bazi motor yetenek testleri uygulandi. Antrenman programlari haftada uc gun 10 hafta sureyle uygulandi. Bulgular, paired sample t testi ile bilgisayar ortaminda degerlendirildi. Arastirma sonuclarina gore, saglik topu firlatma, 27m (25 yard) kosu, genel vucut esnekligi, durarak uzun atlama ve disklere dokunma degerleri arasindaki fark istatistiksel olarak onemli bulundu. Statik denge ve reaksiyon zamanlarindaki gelismelerin ise anlamli olmadigi tespit edildi. Bu arastirmada, duzenli antrenmanlarla EZE cocuklarin bazi motor becerilerinin onemli derecede gelistigi goruldu. Anahtar kelimeler: Egitilebilir Zihinsel Engelliler, Antrenman, Motor Yetenek THE EFFECT OF TRAINING ON EDUCABLE MENTAL RETARDED CHILDREN’S SOME MOTOR ABILITY SUMMARY This study was planned to investigate with purpose the effects of training on Educable Mental Retarded (EMR) children’s some motor ability. The mean values of EMR eleven male children participated in this study that is old, height and IQ were 14 year, 154 cm, 59.1 point respectively. Some motor ability tests were applied to EMR children before and after three days from training program which have been suggested by Hastad and Lacy (1989) and Vannier and Fait (1975). The training program that’s three times of the week and ten week period were applied to EMR children The differences between pre and post tests were analyzed with nonparametrik Wilcoxon test. According to the results of study, it was no founded statistically the findings of balance and reaction time. But it was statistically significant differences in values of medicine ball throwing, sprint 25 yard, general body flexibility, standing long jumping and touching of discs. In conclusion, it was found that has a significantly effect on EMR children’s some motor ability in this research when they were practiced training programs systematically. Key words: Educable Mental Retarded, training, motor ability
Groupwise Conditional Random Forests for Automatic Shape Classification and Contour Quality Assessment in Radiotherapy Planning

Radiation therapy is used to treat cancer patients around the world. High quality treatment plans maximally radiate the targets while minimally radiating healthy organs at risk. In order to judge plan quality and safety, segmentations of the targets and organs at risk are created, and the amount of radiation that will be delivered to each structure is estimated prior to treatment. If the targets or organs at risk are mislabelled, or the segmentations are of poor quality, the safety of the radiation doses will be erroneously reviewed and an unsafe plan could proceed. We propose a technique to automatically label groups of segmentations of different structures from a radiation therapy plan for the joint purposes of providing quality assurance and data mining. Given one or more segmentations and an associated image we seek to assign medically meaningful labels to each segmentation and report the confidence of that label. Our method uses random forests to learn joint distributions over the training features, and then exploits a set of learned potential group configurations to build a conditional random field (CRF) that ensures the assignment of labels is consistent across the group of segmentations. The CRF is then solved via a constrained assignment problem. We validate our method on 1574 plans, consisting of 17 579 segmentations, demonstrating an overall classification accuracy of 91.58%. Our results also demonstrate the stability of RF with respect to tree depth and the number of splitting variables in large data sets.
A New Task Allocation Algorithm Based on Dynamic Coalition in WSNs

Because nodes in WSNs have limited resources and usually work in a severe dynamic environment without human participation, existing task allocation algorithms in WSNs cannot provide fault-tolerant mechanism. Therefore, a new task allocation algorithm which adopts PSO algorithm and multi-agent technology is proposed by us. The algorithm employs primary/backup copy (PB) technology with backup copy overlapping. The simulation experiment shows the proposed algorithm can effectively improve task guarantee ratio save more energy and prolong the lifetime of network.
A Black Feminist Model of Rape Myth Acceptance

A Black feminist model was used to investigate rape myth acceptance between African American antirape activists and a comparison group of nonactivists using Cross's (1991) racial identity model and Downing and Roush's (1985) feminist identity model. As predicted, activists rejected rape myths more than nonactivists; the earlier stages of both models were associated with rape myth acceptance; the later stages were associated with rape myth rejection; and activists evidenced more sociopolitical maturity (race and gender consciousness) than nonactivists. The findings suggest that researchers may need to investigate to what degree rape myth acceptance serves an overarching system of social domination where racism and sexism overlap.
Predicting next speaker based on head movement in multi-party meetings

We proposed a model for predicting the next speaker in multi-party meetings by focusing on the participants' head movements measured by using a six degrees-of-freedom head tracker. Results of an analysis of head movements collected from multi-party meetings revealed differences in the amounts, amplitude, and frequency of movement of the head position and rotation of the speaker near the end of an utterance in turn-keeping and turn-taking. The results also revealed the differences in the amounts of movement, amplitude, and frequency of head position movement and rotation between the listeners in turn-keeping, turn-taking, and the next speaker in turn-taking. We then built a next speaker prediction model that features two processing steps to predict whether turn-taking or turn-keeping will occur and who the next speaker will be in turn-taking. The evaluation results for the model suggest that the speaker's and listeners' head movements contribute to predicting the next speaker.
Assessing Beginning Social Work and Counseling Students’ Acceptance of Lesbians and Gay Men

This study investigated the acceptance of lesbians and gay men among master’s-level social work and counseling students at the onset of their academic programs. Findings show that a small minority (6.5%, n = 184) of the 2,837 respondents expressed intolerant attitudes and that predictors of acceptance included religion, race, sexual orientation, gender, and academic degree sought by the student. Attitudes for which at least 15% of the sample expressed negativity are identified and used to suggest teaching strategies that not only help students accept gay and lesbian clients, but also provide further education for practice with this population.
No-Reference Quality Assessment of Tone-Mapped HDR Pictures

Being able to automatically predict digital picture quality, as perceived by human observers, has become important in many applications where humans are the ultimate consumers of displayed visual information. Standard dynamic range (SDR) images provide 8 b/color/pixel. High dynamic range (HDR) images, which are usually created from multiple exposures of the same scene, can provide 16 or 32 b/color/pixel, but must be tonemapped to SDR for display on standard monitors. Multi-exposure fusion techniques bypass HDR creation, by fusing the exposure stack directly to SDR format while aiming for aesthetically pleasing luminance and color distributions. Here, we describe a new no-reference image quality assessment (NR IQA) model for HDR pictures that is based on standard measurements of the bandpass and on newly conceived differential natural scene statistics (NSS) of HDR pictures. We derive an algorithm from the model which we call the HDR IMAGE GRADient-based Evaluator. NSS models have previously been used to devise NR IQA models that effectively predict the subjective quality of SDR images, but they perform significantly worse on tonemapped HDR content. Toward ameliorating this we make here the following contributions: 1) we design HDR picture NR IQA models and algorithms using both standard space-domain NSS features as well as novel HDR-specific gradient-based features that significantly elevate prediction performance; 2) we validate the proposed models on a large-scale crowdsourced HDR image database; and 3) we demonstrate that the proposed models also perform well on legacy natural SDR images. The software is available at: http://live.ece. utexas.edu/research/Quality/higradeRelease.zip.
Students' Response to Academic Setback: "Growth Mindset" as a Buffer against Demotivation.

It is important to understand why some students are able to bounce back following setbacks, while others become demotivated and suffer negative consequences. This study tests a model which places students’ beliefs about ability ( Dweck & Leggett, 1988 ) as a key factor which may influence students’ motivational response to setbacks and achievement. A survey was conducted among second semester university students in Indonesia (N=123, mean age 18.67 years, 81% female) enrolled in a challenging statistics course. Beliefs about intelligence, about academic ability, and goal orientation were measured at the beginning of the semester, while effort attribution and de-motivation were measured one week after the mid-term examination grades were announced. Mid-term and final examination grades were obtained from the course instructor, while first semester GPA (as an index of prior ability) was obtained from the university register. Path analysis indicated that growth mindset about academic ability (but not about intelligence) prompted the adoption of mastery goals and effort attribution, which buffered against demotivation in the face of academic setback, which in turn led to better academic achievement. This motivational pattern became more pronounced among students who experienced setback in their mid-term exam.
The Influence of Control on Belief in Conspiracy Theories: Conceptual and Applied Extensions

Summary Threats to control have been found to increase belief in conspiracy theories. We argue, however, that previous research observing this effect was limited in two ways. First, previous research did not exclude the possibility that affirming control might reduce conspiracy beliefs. Second, because of artificial lab procedures, previous findings provide little information about the external validity of the control threat–conspiracy belief relationship. In Study 1, we address the first limitation and find that affirming control indeed reduces belief in conspiracy theories as compared with a neutral baseline condition. In Study 2, we address the second limitation of the literature. In a large-scale US sample, we find that a societal threat to control, that citizens actually experienced, predicts belief in a range of common conspiracy theories. Taken together, these findings increase insight in the fundamental relationship between the human need for control and the tendency to believe in conspiracy theories. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lipids in Health and Disease

Malnutrition, anemia and increased atherosclerosis are the main causes of mortality in hemodialysis patients. Therapies designed to improve the disorders might therefore be expected to improve outcome. The effects of Nandrolone Decanoate (ND), in 64 stable hemodialysis patients, were studied with respect to the following parameters: nutritional status, hematological indexes, lipid profiles including serum levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] in terms of differences in apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)]. The patients were treated with ND at dose of 100 mg/I.M. /week for 4 months. After 2 and 4 months of treatment the elevations in the serum levels of albumin (p < 0.0001), creatinine (p < 0.009), hemoglobin (p < 0.03), hematocrit (p < 0.03), cholesterol (p = 0.007) and triglyceride (p < 0.04) were noticed. Marked decrease in the concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.007) and Lp(a) (p < 0.0001) were also found. These effects after 2 months of treatment withdrawal were relatively constant. By dividing patients according to the baseline Lp(a) levels and molecular weight of apo(a) isoform, it was noticed that the decrease in serum Lp(a) was significant in patients with high Lp(a) (>30 mg/dl) than those of with low Lp(a) (<30 mg/dl), irrespective of apo(a) molecular weight. It may be suggested that, ND has beneficial effect on nutritional status and treatment of anemia in hemodialysis patients. In spite the adverse effect of ND on lipid profile, it decreases Lp(a) mostly in patients with high serum Lp(a) preferently by the effect on apo(a) gene transcriptional activity. Introduction It is well-recognized that in chronic hemodialysis patients the rate of mortality is higher than that of general population [1,2]. The cause of discrepancy is probably multifactorial, but malnutrition, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, reduced muscle mass and increased atherosclerosis are common in dialysis patients [1-3]. Therapies designed to improve the nutritional status, control of anemia and atherosclerosis of hemodialysis patients might therefore be expected to improve outcome [2,4]. Anabolic agents, such as human growth hormone (HuGH) can improve nitrogen balance, reduces urea generation and protein catabolic rate in long term hemodialysis patients. However HuGH is expensive, can exacerbate hyperglycemia and Published: 29 June 2004 Lipids in Health and Disease 2004, 3:16 doi:10.1186/1476-511X-3-16 Received: 21 April 2004 Accepted: 29 June 2004 This article is available from: http://www.lipidworld. com/content/3/1/16 © 2004 Ghorbanihaghjo et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original URL.
PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS DASAR PADA PELAJARAN BIOLOGI SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 7 SURAKARTA

ABSTRACT - The research objective was to determine the effect of the application of guided inquiry approach to basic science process skills of students in grade VIII Junior High School 7 Surakarta on the basis of competency describes the circulatory systems of humans and their relationship to health. The research uses quasi-experimental research method. The population in this study were all students in grade VIII first semester of Junior High School 7 Surakarta school year 2011/2012, samples were taken with Cluster Random Sampling a number of two classes, namely class control and class experiments. Experimental class totaled 30 students and a control class numbered 30 students. To meet the requirements of the test sample is carried out initial balance ability between the experimental group and control group by t test. Research data in the form of student basic science process skills that include observation, clasifikation, measuring, prediction, conclution, and communication. Research data of basic science process skills outcomes derived from the observation sheet. Analysis of the data in this study using two-sample t test on mini tab 16. T test were selected after the test is a prerequisite Anderson-Darling normality test and Levene's homogeneity test. The results showed that application of guided inquiry learning have a significant influence on basic science process skills of students in grade VIII Junior High School 7 Surakarta. Keywords: inquiry, an inquiry guided, basic science process skills, process skill,education,biology Wiwin Ambarsari1), Slamet Santosa2), 3) 1) Pendidikan Biologi FKIP UNS, Email: wiwienpink@yahoo.com 2) Pendidikan Biologi FKIP UNS, Email: slametsantosa@yahoo.com 3) Pendidikan Biologi FKIP UNS, Email: maridi@yahoo.co.id
Do changes in the lives of our peers make us unhappy

In this paper, we seek to explain the changes in aggregate happiness over the lifecycle. The advantage of looking at the aggregate level of happiness is that it solves the problems of missing peer effects and measurement error that plague models of individual level happiness, though the disadvantage is a dramatic loss of degrees of freedom. We use panel data from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics for Australia (HILDA), which allows us to construct an index of the severity of life changes for each age. This single-variable Stress Index is able to explain over 80% of the variation in happiness over time. Unexpectedly, aggregate ‘positive stress’ (such as marriage rates by age or levels of job promotion) have greater negative effects on aggregate life satisfaction than negative stress (such as negative financial events or deaths of spouses), which we interpret as a strong indication that what is deemed a positive event by the person involved is a highly negative event for his or her peers. We find some evidence that extraverted individuals get affected less negatively by stress. The happiness maximising policy is then to reduce changes over the life cycle to the bare minimum needed to sustain a dynamic economy and to sustain procreation.
Believe it or not : examining the case for intuitive logic and effortful beliefs

Believe it or not: Examining the case for intuitive logic and effortful beliefs By Stephanie Howarth The overall objective of this thesis was to test the Default Interventionist (DI) account of belief-bias in human reasoning using the novel methodology introduced by Handley, Newstead & Trippas (2011). DI accounts focus on how our prior beliefs are the intuitive output that bias our reasoning process (Evans, 2006), whilst judgments based on logical validity require effortful processing. However, recent research has suggested that reasoning on the basis of beliefs may not be as fast and automatic as previous accounts claim. In order to investigate whether belief based judgments are resource demanding we instructed participants to reason on the basis of both the validity and believability of a conclusion whilst simultaneously engaging in a secondary task (Experiment 1 5). We used both a within and between subjects design (Experiment 5) examining both simple and complex arguments (Experiment 4 – 9). We also analysed the effect of incorporating additional instructional conditions (Experiment 7 – 9) and tested the relationships between various individual differences (ID) measures under belief and logic instruction (Experiment 4, 5, 7, 8, & 9). In line with Handley et al.’s findings we found that belief based judgments were more prone to error and that the logical structure of a problem interfered with judging the believability of its conclusion, contrary to the DI account of reasoning. However, logical outputs sometimes took longer to complete and were more affected by random number generation (RNG) (Experiment 5). To reconcile these findings we examined the role of Working Memory (WM) and Inhibition in Experiments 7 – 9 and found, contrary to Experiment 5, belief judgments were more demanding of executive resources and correlated with ID measures of WM and