Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response of Hybrid Rice to Transplanting Date and Nitrogen Fertilization under System of Rice Intensification in Rainfed Lowland Ecosystem

A field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons of 2011 and 2012 at Imphal, Manipur to study the performance of hybrid rice PAC-801 to transplanting dates (6th July, 21st July and 5th August) and nitrogen levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha-1) on productivity, profitability and nitrogen use efficiency under system of rice intensification in rainfed lowland condition. 21st July transplanted hybrid rice significantly increased panicles m-2 (17.9%), panicle length (4.6%), spikelets panicle-1 (13.7%), filled grains panicle-1 (17.7%), 1000-grain weight (2.17%), grain yield (12.4%) and straw yield (8.6%) over 5th August transplanting. Transplanting either on 6th July or 21st July produced significantly higher grain and straw NPK uptakes, agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen than late transplanting on 5th August. Hybrid rice PAC 801 showed significant response to application of N up to 180 kg N ha-1 which improved the yield attributes (panicles m-2, panicle length, spikelets panicle-1, filled grains panicle-1), grain and straw yields and NPK uptakes of grain and straw. Maximum grain yield (7,169 kg ha-1) was with 180 kg N ha-1. This was 32.8, 13.3 and 2.2% higher over 0 (control), 60 and 120 kg N ha-1, respectively. Nitrogen fertilization beyond 60 kg ha-1 level significantly reduced agronomic efficiency, partial factor productivity and apparent recovery of applied nitrogen. Transplanting hybrid rice on 21st July along with nitrogen fertilization of 120 kg ha-1 resulted higher economical grain yield under rainfed lowland ecosystem as compared to rest of the treatments. Art ic le History
Effects in man of the anticholinesterase compound sarin (isopropyl methyl phosphonofluoridate).

A number of organic esters of phosphoric acid derivatives have been synthesized which have pharmacologic effects attributable to the inhibition of cholinesterase (ChE) enzymes. The effects resemble those produced by physostigmine and neostigmine (Prostigming) but are more intense and prolonged. with ab- drawal and depression, reduction sence of reflexes, Cheyne-Stokes of voltage of EEG, bursts of slow respirations, convulsions, depres- waves of elevated voltage in EEG, sion of respiratory and circulatory especially on overventilation centers
The Erosion and Sustainability of Norms and Morale

The initially high performance of a socioeconomic organization is quite often subject to gradual erosion over time. We present a simple model which captures such a phenomenon. We assume that players are partly motivated by certain psychological factors, norms and morale, and they are willing to exert extra effort if others do so. This results in a "continuum" of equilibrium effort levels, whose minimum corresponds to the Nash equilibrium with respect to the material incentives. We show that repeated random shocks induce the erosion of equilibrium e ort levels, but they do not completely decay; in the long run a certain range of efforts are sustainable. Our model shows that different organizations typically enjoy diverse norms and morale, which persist for a long time, in the vicinity of the equilibrium determined by material incentives.
COPI Is Required for Enterovirus 71 Replication

Enterovirus 71 (EV71), a member of the Picornaviridae family, is found in Asian countries where it causes a wide range of human diseases. No effective therapy is available for the treatment of these infections. Picornaviruses undergo RNA replication in association with membranes of infected cells. COPI and COPII have been shown to be involved in the formation of picornavirus-induced vesicles. Replication of several picornaviruses, including poliovirus and Echovirus 11 (EV11), is dependent on COPI or COPII. Here, we report that COPI, but not COPII, is required for EV71 replication. Replication of EV71 was inhibited by brefeldin A and golgicide A, inhibitors of COPI activity. Furthermore, we found EV71 2C protein interacted with COPI subunits by co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assay, indicating that COPI coatomer might be directed to the viral replication complex through viral 2C protein. Additionally, because the pathway is conserved among different species of enteroviruses, it may represent a novel target for antiviral therapies.
Fluvastatin Reduces Tissue Factor Expression and Macrophage Accumulation in Carotid Lesions of Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits in the Absence of Lipid Lowering

The expression of tissue factor (TF), mainly by infiltrated inflammatory cells, has been shown to be responsible for the thrombogenicity associated with atheroma. The contribution of the nonlipid-related effects of statins to the clinical benefits of statin therapy is currently under intense investigation. In this study, we evaluated the ability of fluvastatin to modulate TF expression and macrophage accumulation in rabbit carotid intimal lesions independently of cholesterol lowering. Male rabbits were fed for 30 days a 1% cholesterol-rich diet with or without fluvastatin at 5 mg/kg per day. Two weeks from the start of treatment, a silastic collar was placed around the carotid artery. Fifteen days later, the animals were killed, and carotid segments were excised and processed. The atherogenic diet caused a consistent increase in plasma cholesterol levels (610±231 mg/dL versus 50±9 mg/dL at baseline), which were not affected by fluvastatin (603±248 mg/dL). In the rabbits fed a high cholesterol diet without fluvastatin, an intimal lesion with macrophage accumulation and TF expression was detected. Fluvastatin significantly reduced TF and macrophage content of the lesion (−50% for both). Results indicate that fluvastatin may attenuate the inflammatory and thrombogenic potential of atherosclerotic lesions through a mechanism(s) other than cholesterol reduction, providing new insight regarding the complex mode of action of statins.
Candida albicans, a distinctive fungal model for cellular aging study

The unicellular eukaryotic organisms represent the popular model systems to understand aging in eukaryotes. Candida albicans, a polymorphic fungus, appears to be another distinctive unicellular aging model in addition to the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The two types of Candida cells, yeast (blastospore) form and hyphal (filamentous) form, have similar replicative lifespan. Taking the advantage of morphologic changes, we are able to obtain cells of different ages. Old Candida cells tend to accumulate glycogen and oxidatively damaged proteins. Deletion of the SIR2 gene causes a decrease of lifespan, while insertion of an extra copy of SIR2 extends lifespan, indicating that like in S. cerevisiae, Sir2 regulates cellular aging in C. albicans. Interestingly, Sir2 deletion does not result in the accumulation of extra‐chromosomal rDNA molecules, but influences the retention of oxidized proteins in mother cells, suggesting that the extra‐chromosomal rDNA molecules may not be associated with cellular aging in C. albicans. This novel aging model, which allows efficient large‐scale isolation of old cells, may facilitate biochemical characterizations and genomics/proteomics studies of cellular aging, and help to verify the aging pathways observed in other organisms including S. cerevisiae.
Effect of Intermittent Low-Frequency Electrical Stimulation on the Rat Gastrocnemius Muscle

Low-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been used as an endurance exercise model. This study aimed to test whether low-frequency NMES increases the phosphorylation of anabolic signaling molecules and induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy, as seen with high-frequency NMES. Using Sprague-Dawley rats, 1 bout of exercise (with dissection done immediately (Post0) and 3 h (Post3) after exercise) and another 6 sessions of training were performed. All experimental groups consisted of high- and low-frequency stimulation (HFS: 100 Hz; LFS: 10 Hz). Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining was conducted to investigate type II fiber activation, and western blot analysis (WB) was conducted to examine whether NMES leads to anabolic intracellular signaling. At first, we examined the acute effect of exercise. PAS staining revealed that glycogen depletion occurred in both type I and type II fibers. WB results demonstrated that p70S6K phosphorylation was significantly increased by HFS, but there was no significant difference with LFS. In contrast, ERK 1/2 phosphorylation was increased by LFS at Post0. In the 6-session training, the wet weight and myofibrillar protein were significantly increased by both HFS and LFS. In conclusion, LFS has a similar anabolic effect for skeletal muscle hypertrophy as HFS, but the mediating signaling pathway might differ.
First‐order control of syntectonic sedimentation on crustal‐scale structure of mountain belts

The first‐order characteristics of collisional mountain belts and the potential feedback with surface processes are predicted by critical taper theory. While the feedback between erosion and mountain belt structure has been fairly extensively studied, less attention has been given to the potential role of synorogenic deposition. For thin‐skinned fold‐and‐thrust belts, recent studies indicate a strong control of syntectonic deposition on structure, as sedimentation tends to stabilize the thin‐skinned wedge. However, the factors controlling basement deformation below fold‐and‐thrust belts, as evident, for example, in the Zagros Mountains or in the Swiss Alps, remain largely unknown. Previous work has suggested that such variations in orogenic structure may be explained by the thermotectonic “age” of the deforming lithosphere and hence its rheology. Here we demonstrate that sediment loading of the foreland basin area provides an additional control and may explain the variable basement involvement in orogenic belts. When examining the role of sedimentation, we identify two end‐members: (1) sediment‐starved orogenic systems with thick‐skinned basement deformation in an axial orogenic core and thin‐skinned deformation in the bordering forelands and (2) sediment‐loaded orogens with thick packages of synorogenic deposits, derived from the axial basement zone, deposited on the surrounding foreland fold‐and‐thrust belts, and characterized by basement deformation below the foreland. Using high‐resolution thermomechanical models, we demonstrate a strong feedback between deposition and crustal‐scale thick‐skinned deformation. Our results show that the loading effects of syntectonic sediments lead to long crustal‐scale thrust sheets beneath the orogenic foreland and explain the contrasting characteristics of sediment‐starved and sediment‐loaded orogens, showing for the first time how both thin‐ and thick‐skinned crustal deformations are linked to sediment deposition in these orogenic systems. We show that the observed model behavior is consistent with observations from a number of natural orogenic systems.
Early childhood caries: a review.

Early childhood tooth problems are associated with variations in intrauterine and postnatal growth. Both premature and delayed timing of this physiological process might be a manifestation of local and/or systemic alterations. Presently, most clinicians agree that teething does not serious cause life taking pathological state, however, they disagree about reasons responsible for tooth eruption. The distinctive clinical presentation of dental caries in infants and toddlers, which is often known as early childhood caries (ECC), and are influenced by the eruption sequence of the primary dentition. Partial evidence exists in the context of ECC development, pathways, and disease rates in infants and toddlers. The present review article is focused on the current views of ECC.
Study on the Curvature and Gradient of the Magnetic Field in Earth's Cusp Region Based on the Magnetic Curvature Analysis Method

This paper uses the multiple‐point magnetic measurements from the Cluster mission to investigate the curvature and gradient of the magnetic field as well as their relations with the current density inside the cusp region under different interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. From two event studies, it is shown that the curvature radius of magnetic field line is on average 5.13 RE under southward IMF and 19.75 RE under northward IMF condition. The directional angle of curvature is more distributed in a wider range under southward condition. The gradient of the magnetic field strength B is larger with a larger standard deviation under southward IMF condition. These results imply that the cusp region has more complicated magnetic structures under southward IMF condition. Through the correlation analysis between the magnetic field parameters and the current density, it is found that the magnetic gradient has a strong relation with total current density jt and perpendicular current density j⊥ when the ratio of parallel component j// to jt decreases, possibly due to gradient B drift. Furthermore, we present a statistical study on the 19 cusp crossing events from July 2003 to September 2003. The results from the statistical study are consistent with the event studies.
Galois representations attached to Hilbert-Siegel modular forms

This article is a spinoff of the book of Harris and Taylor (HT), in which they prove the local Langlands conjecture for GL(n), and its companion paper by Taylor and Yoshida (TY) on local-global compatibility. We record some consequences in the case of genus two Hilbert-Siegel modular forms. In other words, we are concerned with cusp formson GSp(4) over a totally real field, such that �1 is regular algebraic (that is, � is cohomological). Whenis globally generic (that is, has a non-vanishing Fourier coefficient), andhas a Steinberg component at some finite place, we associate a Galois representation compatible with the local Langlands correspondence for GSp(4) defined by Gan and Takeda in a recent preprint (GT). Over Q, foras above, this leads to a new realization of the Galois representations studied previously by Laumon, Taylor and Weissauer. We are hopeful that our approach should apply more generally, once the functorial lift to GL(4) is understood, and once the so-called book project is completed. An application of the above compatibility is the following special case of a conjecture stated in (SU): Ifhas nonzero vectors fixed by a non-special maximal compact subgroup at v, the corresponding monodromy operator at v has rank at most one.
Detection of Facial Parts based on ABLATA

Facial feature detection from standard 2D RGB images is a well-researched field but out of prolific techniques there isn't amuch efficacy is achieved in the previous studies that can extract feature data even for a low quality images in real time. Hence, we propose an algorithm based on Attribute Based Level Adaptive Algorithm (ABLATA) which use recursive data estimates for this task. While the recursive data estimates learns the relation between patches of the localized segmented blocks and the location of nodes covering the region of the required regional properties of the face.
Climatological trends of snowfall over the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin

The leewards shores of the Laurentian Great Lakes are highly susceptible to lake‐induced snowfall. During the late autumn and winter season, cold air advection over relatively warm lakes can induce instability in the lower planetary boundary layer (PBL), facilitating the exchange of moisture and energy fluxes and fuelling the development of snowfall. Snowfall in this region can have disastrous impacts on local communities such as the November 2014 Buffalo storm that caused 13 fatalities. This paper discusses historical snowfall trends along the Canadian leewards shores of Lakes Superior and Huron‐Georgian Bay and explores several lake‐induced predictor variables that may influence the snowfall trends. Spatio‐temporal snowfall and total precipitation trends were computed for the 1980–2015 period over the Great Lakes Basin (GLB) using the Daymet (version 3) gridded estimated data set. Results show a significant decrease in snowfall, at a rate of 40 cm/36 years, and a significant decrease in total precipitation of 20 mm/36 years, along the Ontario snowbelts of Lake Superior and partially along that of Lake Huron‐Georgian Bay at the 95% confidence level during the cold season. Attributions to these negative spatio‐temporal trends are explored using data from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) and the Canadian Ice Service (CIS) data sets. Predictor variables show significant warming in lake surface temperature (LST) at a rate of over 6 K/36 years for Lake Superior, significant decrease in ice cover fraction for both lakes, and an increase in the vertical temperature gradient (VTG) between the LST and the 850 mb level. While the behavioural trends of these variables are believed to enhance snowfall through increased evaporation, there are other complex processes involved, such as inefficient moisture recycling and increased moisture storage in warmer air masses that may inhibit the development of snowfall along the immediate leewards shores of Lake Superior.
Optimal relative timing of stance push-off and swing leg retraction

Swing leg retraction, the backward rotation of the swing leg prior to heel-strike, is known to have several advantages in legged locomotion. To achieve this motion, a hip torque is required at the end of the swing phase to brake the forward rotation of the leg and/or accelerate its backward motion. In walking, pre-emptive push-off of the stance leg also occurs at the end of the swing, so its relative timing with late-swing retracting torque influences gait energetics. To find the best relative timing between the stance leg's push-off force and the swing leg retraction torque, we calculate their work-based energetics in a simple bipedal model using impulsive approximations and with the aid of the so-called overlap parameter that quantifies the relative order and the percentage overlap of the push-off and retraction impulses. By minimizing the energetic cost of the gait, we found that it is energetically favorable to start with the push-off force, and postpone braking the leg swing until completely after the push-off (impulsive force/torque). The implication for the more realistic non-impulsive cases is to apply the retraction torque at the very end of the push-off before heel-strike. We show that the results are valid for many other bipedal models, for both periodic and aperiodic gaits, and regardless of the actuator efficiencies for positive and negative work.
Streptococcus pyogenes activates human plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells

Human peripheral blood contains two major dendritic cell (DC) populations, namely CD11c–CD123+ plasmacytoid DCs (PDCs) and CD11c+CD123– myeloid DCs (MDCs). Although the activation of these DC types by various TLR ligands has been relatively well‐characterized, less is known about the ability of whole live bacteria to induce PDC and MDC activation. In the present report, we have compared the activation of human PDCs and MDCs in response to major human bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococci) and influenza A virus. S. pyogenes stimulation resulted in the maturation of both DC types, as evidenced by enhanced expression of costimulatory molecules and production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Furthermore, S. pyogenes‐stimulated PDCs and MDCs activated naïve CD4+ T cells and enhanced their Th1 cytokine production. Influenza A virus infection induced rapid PDC activation, whereas MDCs were extremely sensitive to influenza A virus‐induced cell death. The most significant differences between DC types were seen in the production of IL‐10 and IL‐12, which were only produced by S. pyogenes‐stimulated MDCs. Although S. pyogenes was able to induce PDC activation, only influenza A virus infection resulted in detectable IFN‐α production. Our results show that depending on the infecting microbe, the functions of PDCs and MDCs may be partially overlapping, suggesting a considerable flexibility of the human DC system.
Development of a shear‐force scanning near‐field cathodoluminescence microscope for characterization of nanostructures’ optical properties

An original scanning near‐field cathodoluminescence microscope for nanostructure characterization has been developed and successfully tested. By using a bimorph piezoelectric stack both as actuator and detector, the developed setup constitutes a real improvement compared to previously reported SEM‐based solutions. The technique combines a scanning probe and a scanning electron microscope in order to simultaneously offer near‐field cathodoluminescence and topographic images of the sample. Share‐force topography and cathodoluminescence measurements on GaN, SiC and ZnO nanostructures using the developed setup are presented showing a nanometric resolution in both topography and cathodoluminescence images with increased sensitivity compared to classical luminescence techniques.
Equation of State of Polycrystalline Stishovite Across the Tetragonal‐Orthorhombic Phase Transition

High‐pressure silica polymorphs may contribute to lithologies in Earth's lower mantle. Stishovite, the tetragonal rutile‐type polymorph of SiO2, distorts to an orthorhombic CaCl2‐type structure at pressures and temperatures of the lower mantle. We compressed sintered polycrystalline stishovite and determined the unit cell parameters as a function of pressure using synchrotron X‐ray diffraction. The compression behavior of sintered polycrystalline stishovite deviates systematically from previous results on stishovite powder and single crystals. Following an initial stiffening, the bulk modulus of sintered polycrystalline stishovite drops at the ferroelastic phase transition. We analyzed the observed spontaneous strains using Landau theory to predict the complete elastic behavior of sintered polycrystalline silica across the phase transition. The reduction in bulk modulus at the phase transition as derived here from the compression curve of sintered polycrystalline silica may have implications for the seismic detection of silica‐rich materials in Earth's lower mantle.
Investigating the far-IR/radio correlation of star-forming Galaxies to z = 3

In order to examine the far-infrared (far-IR)/radio correlation at high redshift, we have studied the Spitzer 70 μm /far-IR properties of sub-mJy radio sources from the 13^H XMM–Newton/Chandra Deep Field by redshift and galaxy type: active galactic nucleus (AGN) or star-forming galaxy (SFG). We directly detect 70 μm counterparts (at >3σ significance) for 22.5 per cent (92/408) of the radio sources, while for the rest we perform stacking analysis by redshift and galaxy type. For the sources detected at 70 μm , we find that the median and scatter of the observed flux density ratio, q_(70), are similar to previous results in the literature, but with a slight decrease in q_(70) towards higher redshifts. Of the radio sources detected at 70 μm 8/92 were already classified as AGN, but two of which maybe SFGs. For the stacked sources, we obtain a detection for the SFGs at every redshift bin which implies they have mean flux densities a factor ~5 below the original 70 μm detection limit. For the stacked AGN, we obtain a detection only in our highest redshift bin (1 ≤ z ≤ 5) where we may be sampling hot dust associated with the AGN at rest frame 12−35 μm . The combined observed mean value of q_(70) for the SFGs (detected and non-detected at 70 μm) decreases gradually with redshift, consistent with tracks derived from empirical spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of local SFGs. Upon closer inspection and when comparing with tracks of appropriate luminosity, the values of q_(70) broadly agree at low redshift. However, at z ~ 1, the observed q_(70) [for ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs)] is 2 σ below the value seen for local ULIRGs tracks, implying a difference in the SED between local and z ~ 1 ULIRGs. At higher redshifts, the convergence of the tracks and the higher uncertainties in q_(70) do not allow us to determine if such a difference persists.