Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Okul Müdürlerinin Öğretim Programlarının Uygulanmasına İlişkin Görüşleri

Gunumuz egitim sistemlerinde mudurlerin okul yonetiminde sergiledigi liderlik rolleri onemli kabul edilmektedir. Egitimde yeniden yapilanma calismalarinda ozellikle okul yoneticisinin ogretim liderligi rolu ve etkili okullar uzerinde durulmaktadir. Son yillarda degisik bicimlerde ele alinan bu konu gunumuzde fazla arastirma yapilan bir alan haline gelmistir. Etkili okul arastirmalari ile okul yoneticilerinden etkili bir ogretim liderligi beklenmektedir. Bu arastirmada, nitel arastirma desenlerinden durum calismasi deseni kullanilmis, 16 okul muduru ile yuz yuze gorusme yapilarak arastirma konusuna iliskin derinlemesine veri toplanmasi yoluna gidilmistir. Arastirma bulgularina gore mudurlerin ogretim programlarinin uygulanmasina iliskin gorusleri; ogretim programlarinin ozellikleri ve okul calisanlarinin bilgi duzeyi olmak uzere iki ana tema altinda toplanmistir. Calismanin sonucunda okul mudurlerinin ogretim liderliginin bir alani olan ogretim programlarinda yeterli duzeyde bilgiye sahip olmadigi gorulmustur.
From the Life Stories of Filipino Women: Personal and Family Agendas in Migration

Drawing from the life stories of 10 women migrants who had returned from working abroad, this article examines the individual-family nexus in terms of migration decision-making processes, how women and their families cope as transnational families, and how women migrants themselves view and assess their migration experience. The life stories indicate the significance of women's agency in initiating and carrying out their decisions, with support from their families. It should be noted though that although most of them decided to work abroad for the sake of their families, women also sought and attained personal benefits from migration. Among other purposes, the use of life stories provides a window to appreciate the internal changes that women attribute to their migration experiences.
Cognitive Dynamics and the Language Sciences: Notes from the conference

Introduction In September 2005, the Distributed Language Group (DLG) organized a small conference at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. Bringing together scholars who examine human social behavior from a naturalistic perspective, the conference aimed to open up a new perspective on the language sciences. The reasoning of the DLG was that progress in the field has been, hitherto, rather modest. We believe this is because of widely accepted and shared axioms about language and cognition that, overtly or covertly, imply that humans are input-output systems. It is widely and, we think, mistakenly believed that language is ‘representational’. In fact, brains neither represent quasi-linguistic forms nor do they enable us to map these onto specifiable entities in the physical world. For this reason, it is equally mistaken to think that written language 'represents' spoken (natural) language or that linguistic interactions are suitably idealized as sequences of written signs. Where such assumptions are made, communication is mistakenly treated as information exchange based in coded linguistic units. Conversely, rejecting these assumptions, those at the conference reject the view that communication is telementation and, building on this logic, any kind of linguistic theory based on what Roy Harris (1981) has termed the ‘language myth’. To move beyond such models we began by asking whether there is any sense in which language can be regarded as a ‘digital code’. Within distributed cognition, this issue arises because far from ‘representing’ cognitive processes, language transforms the causal links between brain, body and world (see Clark 1997). Far from being dedicated to processing, language is a heterogeneous set of artifacts and practices that, during ontogenesis, become integral to human activity. In Cambridge, therefore, we asked about the temporal functions of these cognitive dynamics. They were examined in ‘realtime’, development, cultural history and natural selection. Below, writing as two participants, we present a shared perspective on the conference. First, therefore, we introduce distributed cognition. Next, we focus on describing how cognitive and developmental dynamics link language with brains, behavior and biology to suggest that, suitably re-conceptualized, synthetic methods can reinvigorate work in the language sciences. In our closing section, we turn to the ontology of language.
miR-149 Inhibits Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells EMT by Targeting FOXM1

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implied to play crucial roles for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of non-small-cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC cells). Here we found that the expression of miR-149, downregulated in lung cancer, was inversely correlated with invasive capability and the EMT phenotype of NSCLC cells. miR-149 inhibited EMT in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that miR-149 directly targeted Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), and FOXM1 was involved in the EMT induced by TGF-β1 in A549 cells. Overexpression of FOXM1 restored EMT process inhibited by miR-149. Our work suggested that miR-149 might be an EMT suppressor in NSCLC cells.
Continuity Thinking and the Problem of Christian Culture

To this point, the anthropology of Christianity has largely failed to develop. When anthropologists study Christians, they do not see themselves as contributing to a broad comparative enterprise in the way those studying other world religions do. A close reading of the Comaroffs’ Of Revelation and Revolution illustrates the ways in which anthropologists sideline Christianity and leads to a discussion of reasons the anthropology of Christianity has languished. While it is possible to locate the cause in part in the culture of anthropology, with its emphasis on difference, problems also exist at the theoretical level. Most anthropological theories emphasize cultural continuity as opposed to discontinuity and change. This emphasis becomes problematic where Christianity is concerned, because many kinds of Christianity stress radical change and expect it to occur. Confronted by people claiming that radical Christian change has occurred in their lives, anthropologists become suspicious and often explain away the Christian elements of their cultures. Christian assertions about change are hard for anthropologists to credit because anthropological and Christian models of change are based on different models of time and belief. Unless anthropologists reconsider their nearly exclusive commitment to continuity thinking and the models of time and belief that ground it, the anthropology of Christianity will continue to face handicaps to its development.
Global Citizenship and Global Universities. The Age of Global Interdependence and Cosmopolitanism.

This article focuses on the role of global universities and globalisations in an age of global interdependence and cosmopolitanism. Competing agendas that result from actions and reactions to multiple globalisations are considered in relation to global citizenship education. These agendas are crucial in understanding dilemmas of the local and the global in relation to education. Key emerging agendas are highlighted, including those of the hyperglobalisers, skeptics and transformationists. Three themes are central for this conversation, namely a) how multiple globalisations are impacting global life and academics, b) how networks have become privileged sites for global education, and c) the implications of globalisation and networks for global citizenship and global universities.
RETROSPECTIVE: Aladdin: a Pre-RTL, Power-Performance Accelerator Simulator Enabling Large Design Space Exploration of Customized Architectures

Aladdin [1] is a pre-RTL, power/performance simulator designed to enable rapid design space search of acceleratorcentric systems. This framework takes high-level language descriptions of algorithms as inputs (C or C++), and uses dynamic data dependence graphs (DDDG) as a representation of an accelerator without having to generate RTL. Starting with an unconstrained program DDDG, which corresponds to an initial representation of accelerator hardware, Aladdin applies optimizations as well as constraints to the graph to create a realistic model of accelerator activity. We validated Aladdin against RTL implementations of accelerators from both handwritten Verilog and a commercial high-level synthesis (HLS) tool for a range of applications. Our results showed Aladdin can model power, performance, and area with high accuracy, well within 10% when compared to accelerator designs generated by traditional RTL flows, while providing these estimates with much less design effort and time. Aladdin captures accelerator design trade-offs, enabling new architectural research directions in heterogeneous systems comprising accelerators, general-purpose cores, and the shared memory hierarchy seen, for example, in mobile SoCs. In particular, Aladdin allows users to explore customized and shared memory hierarchies for accelerators in a heterogeneous environment. As an example, in a case study with the GEMM benchmark, Aladdin uncovered significant, high-level, design trade-offs by evaluating a broader design space of the entire system. We envisioned that Aladdin could be used both as an accelerator simulator and a design space exploration tool for future many-accelerator systems.
Diameters, centers, and approximating trees of delta-hyperbolicgeodesic spaces and graphs

δ-Hyperbolic metric spaces have been defined by M. Gromov via a simple 4-point condition: for any four points <i>u,v,w,x</i>, the two larger of the sums <i>d</i>(<i>u,v</i>)+<i>d</i>(<i>w,x</i>), <i>d</i>(<i>u,w</i>)+<i>d</i>(<i>v,x</i>), <i>d</i>(<i>u,x</i>)+<i>d</i>(<i>v,w</i>) differ by at most 2δ. Given a finite set <i>S</i> of points of a δ-hyperbolic space, we present simple and fast methods for approximating the diameter of <i>S</i> with an additive error 2δ and computing an approximate radius and center of a smallest enclosing ball for <i>S</i> with an additive error 3δ. These algorithms run in linear time for classical hyperbolic spaces and for δ-hyperbolic graphs and networks. Furthermore, we show that for δ-hyperbolic graphs <i>G</i>=(<i>V,E</i>) with uniformly bounded degrees of vertices, the exact center of <i>S</i> can be computed in linear time <i>O</i>(|E|). We also provide a simple construction of distance approximating trees of δ-hyperbolic graphs <i>G</i> on <i>n</i> vertices with an additive error <i>O</i>(δlog<sub>2</sub> <i>n</i>). This construction has an additive error comparable with that given by Gromov for <i>n</i>-point δ-hyperbolic spaces, but can be implemented in <i>O</i>(|E|) time (instead of <i>O</i>(<i>n</i><sup>2</sup>)). Finally, we establish that several geometrical classes of graphs have bounded hyperbolicity.
Relaxin Activates Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) through a Pathway Involving PPARγ Coactivator 1α (PGC1α)*

Background: Relaxin activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) by an unknown PPARγ ligand-independent mechanism. Results: Expression of PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) was increased by relaxin through distinct signaling pathways. Conclusion: The mechanism for relaxin regulation of PPARγ is through increased PGC1α levels. Significance: Discovery of new targets of relaxin signaling may provide further understanding of its pleiotropic effects. Relaxin activation of its receptor RXFP1 triggers multiple signaling pathways. Previously, we have shown that relaxin activates PPARγ transcriptional activity in a ligand-independent manner, but the mechanism for this effect was unknown. In this study, we examined the signaling pathways of downstream of RXFP1 leading to PPARγ activation. Using cells stably expressing RXFP1, we found that relaxin regulation of PPARγ activity requires accumulation of cAMP and subsequent activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). The activated PKA subsequently phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) at Ser-133 to activate it directly, as well as indirectly through mitogen activated protein kinase p38 MAPK. Activated CREB was required for relaxin stimulation of PPARγ activity, while there was no evidence for a role of the nitric oxide or ERK MAPK pathways. Relaxin increased the mRNA and protein levels of the coactivator protein PGC1α, and this effect was dependent on PKA, and was completely abrogated by a dominant-negative form of CREB. This mechanism was confirmed in a hepatic stellate cell line stably that endogenously expresses RXFP1. Reduction of PGC1α levels using siRNA diminished the regulation of PPARγ by relaxin. These results suggest that relaxin activates the cAMP/PKA and p38 MAPK pathways to phosphorylate CREB, resulting in increased PGC1α levels. This provides a mechanism for the ligand-independent activation of PPARγ in response to relaxin.
Early manifestations of personality and adult health: a life course perspective.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate whether individual personality or temperamental qualities that emerge early and persist over the life course, predict adult midlife health. Specific childhood personality attributes considered include distress proneness, behavioral inhibition, and ability to stay focused on a task. DESIGN Prospective data are from 569 individuals followed from birth into adulthood. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Outcomes include two different measures of adult health: self-rated general health, and number of illnesses in adulthood. RESULTS Childhood personality attributes related to attention and distress were significantly associated with adult health, with stronger effects evident among women. Children with high attention reported better self-rated health (b = 0.12, p < .05) and fewer illnesses (b = -0.09, p < .01) as adults; more distress-prone children reported worse self-rated health (b = -0.15, p < .05) and more illnesses (b = 0.07, p < .09) as adults. CONCLUSION Associations between child personality attributes with both general self-rated health and number of illnesses in adulthood were maintained after taking account of childhood social environment and child health. Findings indicate that early emerging personality and related processes influence adult physical health, and suggest the potential value of interventions targeting early life development.
Human Capital or Human Connections? The Cultural Meanings of Education in Brazil

Background/Context In the field of educational research, conventional wisdom holds that primary-level schooling, specifically literacy acquisition, promotes economic mobility for individuals and economic development for the nation. This belief is rooted in human capital theory, the causal argument claiming that state investment in schooling or training increases worker productivity and therefore workers’ incomes, owners’ profits, and (ultimately) national development through economic growth. The idea that literacy instruction yields economic and other forms of development, which features widely in global educational policy documents, constitutes what anthropologist Brian Street called an “autonomous” model of literacy, one that suggests that literacy instruction results in automatic “effects” on individual and national economic development. Focus of Study Arguing against human capital theory and other autonomous models of literacy, this article reveals how the outcomes of literacy schooling are mediated by complex social interactions and by the meanings that students attach to schooling. Research Design This article draws on 24 months of ethnographic research with highly impoverished literacy students from four literacy programs in two Brazilian cities. Findings/Results This article shows three things. First, the students interviewed for the study talked about education not only as book learning and formal study but also as sociability and manners. Second, they said that sociability and manners derive, in part, from schooling. Third, the students consistently remarked, and my observations confirmed, that the economic opportunities that attendance at school opened for them were the product of their development as “educated” people, which contributed to their efforts to extend and maintain social networks. Conclusions/Recommendations The data presented in this article suggest a need to reconsider key theories and dominant discourses about literacy and economic development that, rooted in human capital theory, predict a tight, causal link between learning to read and write and improved economic opportunities. Instead, I argue that the social, political, and/or economic benefits of literacy must be examined in light of a sociocultural, interactional model of education.
The impact of leadership style and employee empowerment on perceived organizational reputation

Purpose – The purpose of the current study is to examine the impact of organizational leadership style and employee empowerment on employees’ perception of organizational reputation by testing a hypothesized model.Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative on‐line survey was conducted with 700 randomly selected employees from diverse work units of a Fortune 500 company in the United States in February 2011.Findings – The results showed that transformational leadership positively influences employees’ perception of organizational reputation, not only directly but also indirectly, through empowering employees. Transactional leadership has a significant negative direct effect on employees’ perception of organizational reputation. Employees who feel more empowered in terms of perceived competence and decision‐making control have a more favorable evaluation of organizational reputation.Research limitations/implications – By building links between organizational reputation and the two internal antecedent fact.
Understanding the genetic and molecular pathogenesis of Friedreich’s ataxia through animal and cellular models

In 1996, a link was identified between Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA), the most common inherited ataxia in men, and alterations in the gene encoding frataxin (FXN). Initial studies revealed that the disease is caused by a unique, most frequently biallelic, expansion of the GAA sequence in intron 1 of FXN. Since the identification of this link, there has been tremendous progress in understanding frataxin function and the mechanism of FRDA pathology, as well as in developing diagnostics and therapeutic approaches for the disease. These advances were the subject of the 4th International Friedreich’s Ataxia Conference held on 5th–7th May in the Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France. More than 200 scientists gathered from all over the world to present the results of research spanning all areas of investigation into FRDA (including clinical aspects, FRDA pathogenesis, genetics and epigenetics of the disease, development of new models of FRDA, and drug discovery). This review provides an update on the understanding of frataxin function, developments of animal and cellular models of the disease, and recent advances in trying to uncover potential molecules for therapy.
Characterization of Mucosal Candida albicans Biofilms

C. albicans triggers recurrent infections of the alimentary tract mucosa that result from biofilm growth. Although the ability of C. albicans to form a biofilm on abiotic surfaces has been well documented in recent years, no information exists on biofilms that form directly on mucosal surfaces. The objectives of this study were to characterize the structure and composition of Candida biofilms forming on the oral mucosa. We found that oral Candida biofilms consist of yeast, hyphae, and commensal bacteria, with keratin dispersed in the intercellular spaces. Neutrophils migrate through the oral mucosa and form nests within the biofilm mass. The cell wall polysaccharide β-glucan is exposed during mucosal biofilm growth and is more uniformly present on the surface of biofilm organisms invading the oral mucosa. We conclude that C. albicans forms complex mucosal biofilms consisting of both commensal bacterial flora and host components. These discoveries are important since they can prompt a shift of focus for current research in investigating the role of Candida-bacterial interactions in the pathogenesis of mucosal infections as well as the role of β-glucan mediated signaling in the host response.
Autotrophic Picoplankton in the Tropical Ocean

In phytoplankton of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean from 25 to 90 percent of the biomass (measured as chlorophyll a) and 20 to 80 percent of the inorganic carbon fixation were attributable to particles that could pass a screen with a 1-micrometer pore diameter. Evidence is presented that these are indeed autotrophic cells and not cell fragments.
Enhanced fuzzy logic‐based spray and wait routing protocol for delay tolerant networks

Delay tolerant networks are a class of ad hoc networks that enable data delivery even in the absence of end‐to‐end connectivity between nodes, which is the basic assumption for routing in ad hoc networks. Nodes in these networks work on store‐carry and forward paradigm. In addition, such networks make use of message replication as a strategy to increase the possibility of messages reaching their destination. As contact opportunities are usually of short duration, it is important to prioritize scheduling of messages. Message replication may also lead to buffer congestion. Hence, buffer management is an important issue that greatly affects the performance of routing protocols in delay tolerant networks. In this paper, Spray and Wait routing protocol, which is a popular controlled replication‐based protocol for delay tolerant networks, has been enhanced using a new fuzzy‐based buffer management strategy Enhanced Fuzzy Spray and Wait Routing, with the aim to achieve increased delivery ratio and reduced overhead ratio. It aggregates three important message properties namely number of replicas of a message, its size, and remaining time‐to‐live, using fuzzy logic to determine the message priority, which denotes its importance with respect to other messages stored in a node's buffer. It then intelligently selects messages to schedule when a contact opportunity occurs. Because determination of number of replicas of a message in the network is a difficult task, a new method for estimation of the same has been proposed. Simulation results show improved performance of enhanced fuzzy spray and wait routing in terms of delivery ratio and resource consumption. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.