Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological Investigation of Asymptomatic Dogs with Leishmania Infection in Southwestern China Where Visceral Leishmaniasis is Intractable

Heishui county, located in northwest Sichuan province, southwestern China, is an endemic area of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and is the most intractable area. VL is never destroyed in it. Asymptomatic dogs (Leishmania parasites have been diagnosed but clinically healthy) are considered to be a potential reservoir host in zoonotic VL area, and most can lead to infection of individuals, that is a new challenge for controlling VL in humans. The present study aimed to assess the Leishmania infection rate of asymptomatic dogs in Heishui county. Total 105 asymptomatic domestic dogs were gathered from 4 districts in Heishui county to investigate the infection rate with serological and molecular methods based on ELISA and kinetoplast minicircle DNA(kDNA) PCR, respectively. Out of 105 dogs, 44 (41.9%) were positive by more than 1 method; 21 (20.0%) were positive by ELISA, and 30 (28.6%) were positive by kDNA-PCR. Our study showed that Leishmania infection of domestic dogs which is clinically healthy is prevalent in the studied district, and the asymptomatic dogs infected by Leishmania may be the primary reason for the prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis in the area.
Symmetry in 3D Geometry: Extraction and Applications

The concept of symmetry has received significant attention in computer graphics and computer vision research in recent years. Numerous methods have been proposed to find, extract, encode and exploit geometric symmetries and high‐level structural information for a wide variety of geometry processing tasks. This report surveys and classifies recent developments in symmetry detection. We focus on elucidating the key similarities and differences between existing methods to gain a better understanding of a fundamental problem in digital geometry processing and shape understanding in general. We discuss a variety of applications in computer graphics and geometry processing that benefit from symmetry information for more effective processing. An analysis of the strengths and limitations of existing algorithms highlights the plenitude of opportunities for future research both in terms of theory and applications.
What is recollective memory

The goal of this chapter is to describe recollective memory and give an account of some of the characteristics of this form of human memory. I take recollective memory to be the type of memory that occurs when an individual recalls a specific episode from their past experience. I start with this very loose definition because a large part of this chapter consists of an attempt to work out a more detailed and analytic description of this form of memory. In an earlier chapter (Brewer, 1986), I attempted to describe the types of memory involved in the study of autobiographical memory. I argued that autobiographical memory was memory for information related to the self and that there were four basic forms of autobiographical memory. I organized these forms of memory in terms of their acquisition conditions (single instance versus repeated) and their form of representation (imaginal versus nonimaginal). I concluded that the phenomenally experienced product of a single episode is a personal memory (e.g., I can picture David Rubin sitting across from me at lunch in a cafe in Boulder, Colorado, last summer). The nonphenomenally experienced product of a single episode is an autobiographical fact (e.g., I can recall that I had lunch with David Rubin at the Meetings of the Cognitive Science Society last summer).
Convex projections algorithm for restoration of limited-angle chromotomographic images

We present a new algorithm for image restoration in limited-angle chromotomography. The algorithm is a generalization of the technique considered previously by the authors, based on a hybrid of a direct method of inversion and the iterative method of projections onto convex sets. The generalization is achieved by introducing a new object domain constraint. This constraint takes advantage of hyperspectral data redundancy and is realized by truncating the singular-value decomposition of the spatial–chromatic image matrix. As previously, the transform domain constraint is defined in terms of nonzero singular values of the system transfer function matrix. The new algorithm delivers high image fidelity, converges rapidly, and is easy to implement. Results of experiments on real data are included.
The Capacity of Private Information Retrieval with Private Side Information

We consider the problem of $T$-Private Information Retrieval with private side information (TPIR-PSI). In this problem, $N$ replicated databases store $K$ independent messages, and a user, equipped with a local cache that holds $M$ messages as side information, wishes to retrieve one of the other $K-M$ messages. The desired message index and the side information must remain jointly private even if any $T$ of the $N$ databases collude. We show that the capacity of TPIR-PSI is $\left(1+\frac{T}{N}+\cdots+\left(\frac{T}{N}\right)^{K-M-1}\right)^{-1}$. As a special case obtained by setting $T=1$, this result settles the capacity of PIR-PSI, an open problem previously noted by Kadhe et al. We also consider the problem of symmetric-TPIR with private side information (STPIR-PSI), where the answers from all $N$ databases reveal no information about any other message besides the desired message. We show that the capacity of STPIR-PSI is $1-\frac{T}{N}$ if the databases have access to common randomness (not available to the user) that is independent of the messages, in an amount that is at least $\frac{T}{N-T}$ bits per desired message bit. Otherwise, the capacity of STPIR-PSI is zero.
Analyzing Sensor-Based Time Series Data to Track Changes in Physical Activity during Inpatient Rehabilitation

Time series data collected from sensors can be analyzed to monitor changes in physical activity as an individual makes a substantial lifestyle change, such as recovering from an injury or illness. In an inpatient rehabilitation setting, approaches to detect and explain changes in longitudinal physical activity data collected from wearable sensors can provide value as a monitoring, research, and motivating tool. We adapt and expand our Physical Activity Change Detection (PACD) approach to analyze changes in patient activity in such a setting. We use Fitbit Charge Heart Rate devices with two separate populations to continuously record data to evaluate PACD, nine participants in a hospitalized inpatient rehabilitation group and eight in a healthy control group. We apply PACD to minute-by-minute Fitbit data to quantify changes within and between the groups. The inpatient rehabilitation group exhibited greater variability in change throughout inpatient rehabilitation for both step count and heart rate, with the greatest change occurring at the end of the inpatient hospital stay, which exceeded day-to-day changes of the control group. Our additions to PACD support effective change analysis of wearable sensor data collected in an inpatient rehabilitation setting and provide insight to patients, clinicians, and researchers.
Expression of the hypermethylated in cancer gene (HIC-1) is associated with good outcome in human breast cancer

A new cancer gene, HIC-1 (Hypermethylated in Cancer) telomeric to p53 on chromosome 17p may be of clinical importance in sporadic breast cancer. Regional DNA hypermethylation of 17p13.3 resulting in suppression of gene expression has been shown to precede 17p structural changes in human carcinogenesis. In addition, loss of heterozygosity studies have suggested clinically significant involvement of a gene on 17p13.3 associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Using RT-PCR analysis, we demonstrate that the MCF7 (wild type p53) cell line expressed HIC-1 transcripts but the MDAMB231 (mutant p53) cell line did not, suggesting loss of HIC-1 expression and p53 malfunction may be synergistic events in sporadic breast cancer. HIC-1 expression was examined using RT-PCR on RNA extracted from 50 primary untreated, human breast cancers and was detected in only 7/50 (14%) cancers. All seven patients with HIC-1 expression were alive without disease recurrence after 8 years follow-up and 5/7 had detectable p53 wild type mRNA expression. This suggests that retained HIC-1 expression may offer a survival advantage. However the seven cancers had 17p13.3 loss of heterozygosity (LOH; four patients), a feature previously associated with poor prognosis, or were homozygous (three patients) suggesting there may be two genes at 17p13.3 involved in breast carcinogenesis. Using a demethylating drug 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (DeoxyC), HIC-1 expression was restored in the MDAMB231 cells, also suggesting restoration of HIC-1 function by reversing HIC-1 hypermethylation may offer a therapeutic avenue in breast cancer. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer. com
The Context-Sensitive Cognitive Architecture DUAL

Context-sensitivity is an important characteristic feature of every cognitive process and therefore should be reflected in every architecture pretending to explain human cognition. In this paper some experimental facts demonstrating context effects on various cognitive processes are reviewed and an attempt at context modeling is described. A hybrid (symbolic/connectionist) cognitive architecture, DUAL, is proposed. It consists of a multitude of agents having both a symbolic and a connectionist part. The symbolic part represents some knowledge structure, while the connectionist part represents its relevance to the current context. The performance of the cognitive system emerges as result of the work and interaction of the currently active agents, where the set of active agents is not predefined for a specific task but is dynamic and reflects the specific context. So particular symbolic operations and data structures may be supported or suppressed depending on the particular activation pattern of the connectionist parts which represent the context-dependent relevance of the operations and structures. In this way a context-sensitive computation emerges. An example of context-sensitive deductive reasoning is described.
Quinclorac Absorption and Translocation Characteristics in Quinclorac- and Propanil-resistant and -susceptible Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa Crus-galli) Biotypes

Studies were initiated to evaluate absorption, translocation, and distribution of 14C-quinclorac in propanil- and quinclorac-resistant (R-BYG) and -susceptible (S-BYG) barnyardgrass. No differential absorption of 14C-quinclorac was observed between R-BYG and S-BYG, but more 14C remained in the treated leaf of S-BYG (57% of total absorbed) compared with the R-BYG leaf (34% of total absorbed) at 72 h after treatment (HAT). After 12 HAT, 20 and 15% of the amount absorbed had been translocated basipetally by R-BYG and S-BYG, respectively. At 72 HAT, 27 and 17% of the total absorbed 14C had been translocated acropetally by R-BYG and S-BYG, respectively. The levels of 14C above the treated leaf continued to increase throughout the duration of the experiment in R-BYG while levels of 14C above the treated leaf in S-BYG remained relatively constant. Seven percent more of the total absorbed 14C was exuded from roots of R-BYG than S-BYG at 72 HAT. Although differential translocation was observed between R-BYG and S-BYG, it is unclear whether this difference is a cause of quinclorac resistance or an effect of some other physiological process. Further research is needed to determine if differential translocation is due to metabolism or other physiological factors. Nomenclature: Quinclorac, barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. ECHCG
Risk of cesarean section after induced versus spontaneous labor at term gestation

Objective To investigate whether the cesarean section (CS) rate is increased in women whose labor was induced compared to those who had spontaneous labor at term pregnancy. Methods A retrospective study was performed in women whose labor was either induced (induction group, n=497) or spontaneous (spontaneous group, n=878) at 37+0 to 41+6 weeks of gestation from January 2008 to June 2009. Maternal age, parity, body mass index (BMI), Bishop scores, gestational age, hypertension, diabetes, delivery mode, indications for CS, neonatal outcome were compared between the two groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between the CS rate and labor induction after adjusting for potential confounding variables. Results CS (17.3% vs. 5.3%, P<0.001) and vacuum-assisted delivery (10.7% vs. 6.4%, P<0.001) rates were significantly higher in the induction group compared to the spontaneous group. The CS rate in the induction group was higher than the spontaneous group not only in nulliparous women (25.3% vs. 8.6%, P<0.001), but also in multiparous women (3.8% vs. 0.3%, P=0.002). However, after adjusting confounding factors, the higher CS rate was significantly associated with advanced maternal age, higher BMI, lower Bishop scores and nulliparity, with no demonstrable tie to labor induction. Neonatal outcome in the two groups were comparable. Conclusion Although CS rate was higher in women whose labor was induced than those who had spontaneous labor, this higher rate was associated with maternal age, BMI, Bishop scores and parity, but was not impacted by labor induction per se.
PENGARUH ROLE STRESSORS PADA BURNOUT AUDITOR DENGAN KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL SEBAGAI VARIABEL PEMODERASI (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA KANTOR AKUNTAN PUBLIK SE-PROVINSI BALI)

Burnout is a representation of specific psicologycal stress syndrome which is a negative response that arises as a result of work pressure. The antecedents of burnout are role stressors which consist of role conflict, role ambiguity, and role overload. Previous researchs of the relationship between role conflict, role ambiguity, and role overload with burnout have found inconsistent results. This research was conducted in 2013 and directed to determine the ability of emotional intelligence in moderates the effect of role conflict, role ambiguity, and role overload on auditor's burnout in all public accounting firm in Bali. Samples were taken with a saturated sample method. Data collection was done using questionnaires and dedicated to 105 auditors. The analysis technique used in this study is Moderated Regression Analysis. The instruments have been examined for its validity and reliability. The model also has passed the classical assumptions of regression analysis. Statistical analysis showed that emotional intelligence moderates the influence of role conflict, role ambiguity, and role overload on burnout experienced by auditor at public accounting firm in Bali Province. Statistical tests showed that emotional intelligence is weaken the influence of role conflict, role ambiguity, and role overload on burnout experienced by auditor at public accounting firm in Bali Province. This means that the higher role conflict, role ambiguity, and role overload experienced by auditor at public accounting firm in Bali province, the higher the likelihood of burnout, the auditors who have low emotional intelligence.
Phenotypic plasticity in development and evolution: facts and concepts

This theme issue pursues an exploration of the potential of taking into account the environmental sensitivity of development to explaining the evolution of metazoan life cycles, with special focus on complex life cycles and the role of developmental plasticity. The evolution of switches between alternative phenotypes as a response to different environmental cues and the evolution of the control of the temporal expression of alternative phenotypes within an organism's life cycle are here treated together as different dimensions of the complex relationships between genotype and phenotype, fostering the emergence of a more general and comprehensive picture of phenotypic evolution through a quite diverse sample of case studies. This introductory article reviews fundamental facts and concepts about phenotypic plasticity, adopting the most authoritative terminology in use in the current literature. The main topics are types and components of phenotypic variation, the evolution of organismal traits through plasticity, the origin and evolution of phenotypic plasticity and its adaptive value.
(18)F-fluoride PET for monitoring therapeutic response in Paget's disease of bone.

UNLABELLED A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate PET with (18)F-fluoride for monitoring the response to bisphosphonates in Paget's disease of bones. METHODS Fourteen patients with a monostotic (n = 9) or a polyostotic form (n = 5) of Paget's disease were scanned at baseline and at 1 and 6 mo after the beginning of treatment. Dynamic acquisition and arterial blood sampling were used to calculate the influx constant Ki (by both the Patlak [Ki-PAT] method and the nonlinear regression [Ki-NLR] method). Kinetic modeling was compared with maximal standardized uptake values (SUV(max)) and biochemical markers of bone remodeling. RESULTS Baseline uptake of (18)F-fluoride by pagetic bones was significantly higher than in normal bones (P < 0.05). One month after the start of treatment, SUV(max), Ki-PAT, Ki-NLR, and K(1) (the unidirectional clearance of fluoride from plasma to the whole of the bone tissue) decreased significantly by 27.8%, 27.9%, 27.5%, and 23.6%, respectively. Biochemical markers were already normalized in 6 of 9 patients with monostotic disease, although all had high (18)F-fluoride uptake values. Six months after the start of treatment, (18)F-fluoride uptake further diminished by 22.3%-25.6%. Biochemical markers were normal in all but 2 patients, although 10 of 14 patients still showed high (18)F-fluoride uptake. One patient did not respond to treatment and maintained high uptake of (18)F-fluoride throughout the study. SUV(max) correlated with both Ki-PAT and Ki-NLR at baseline, 1 mo, and 6 mo (P < 0.05). Moreover, the change of SUV(max) between baseline and 1 mo, as well as between baseline and 6 mo, also correlated with the change of Ki-PAT and Ki-NLR (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results show that (18)F-fluoride PET can be used to noninvasively and accurately monitor the efficacy of treatment with bisphosphonates in Paget's disease of bones. SUV(max) correlates with Ki-PAT and Ki-NLR and, interestingly, varies in the same manner as kinetic indices. Therefore, the use of SUV(max) could avoid the need for dynamic acquisition and arterial blood sampling and would facilitate the use of whole-body PET in a clinical setting.
Utility of contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CE-CMR) to assess how likely is an infarct to produce a typical ECG pattern.

OBJECTIVES For over 50 years, Q-wave myocardial infarction (MI) location has been based on pathologic ECG studies. Although contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (CE-CMR) is currently the "gold standard" technique for location and quantification of necrotic areas, we found no large study in the literature devoted to establish which ECG patterns corresponds to different MI location detected by CE-CMR. We hypothesized that CE-CMR would be very accurate for evaluating different ECG patterns and its sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) for locating MI in different LV areas. METHODS AND RESULTS CE-CMR/ECG correlation was studied in 48 patients who presented a first MI due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with ST-segment elevation and in whom CE-CMR was performed in chronic phase. We evaluated the ECG patterns that best correlated with the 7 prespecified necrotic areas assessed by CE-CMR, 4 in anteroseptal zone (septal, apical/anteroseptal, extensive anterior, and limited anterolateral) and 3 in inferolateral zone (inferior, lateral and inferolateral). The global concordance between CE-CRM and ECG was of 75% and 7 ECG patterns were stablished. CONCLUSION The capacity of CE-CMR to detect ECG patterns for necrotic area location presents highly acceptable concordance. Thanks to CE-CMR, we defined 7 ECG patterns for MI detection according to the 7 areas of the LV studied. The areas that present more cases with normal ECG are limited anterolateral and the areas of the inferolateral zone.
Differences in EEG Delta Frequency Characteristics and Patterns in Slow-Wave Sleep Between Dementia Patients and Controls: A Pilot Study

Purpose To evaluate the modifications of EEG activity during slow-wave sleep in patients with dementia compared with healthy elderly subjects, using spectral analysis and period-amplitude analysis. Methods Five patients with dementia and 5 elderly control subjects underwent night polysomnographic recordings. For each of the first three nonrapid eye movement–rapid eye movement sleep cycles, a well-defined slow-wave sleep portion was chosen. The delta frequency band (0.4–3.6 Hz) in these portions was analyzed with both spectral analysis and period-amplitude analysis. Results Spectral analysis showed an increase in the delta band power in the dementia group, with a decrease across the night observed only in the control group. For the dementia group, period-amplitude analysis showed a decrease in well-defined delta waves of frequency lower than 1.6 Hz and an increase in such waves of frequency higher than 2 Hz, in incidence and amplitude. Conclusions Our study showed (1) a loss of the dynamics of delta band power across the night sleep, in dementia, and (2) a different distribution of delta waves during slow-wave sleep in dementia compared with control subjects. This kind of computer-based analysis can highlight the presence of a pathologic delta activity during slow-wave sleep in dementia and may support the hypothesis of a dynamic interaction between sleep alteration and cognitive decline.
Teacher's Professional Competencies in Knowledge of Subject Matter at Secondary Level in Southern Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

This study was conducted with the aim to know the professional competency of subject matter of secondary school teachers, working in various districts so that recommendation may be given according to the training needs of the secondary school teachers. The population of the study comprised all the secondary school teachers working in secondary schools in eight districts of the Southern region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A sample of 700 teachers was selected out of 2147 secondary school teachers using a simple random sampling method. The theoretical framework of the study has been taken from the ten National Professional Standards for Teachers in Pakistan, published in February 2009 by Policy and Planning Wing, Ministry of Education, Government of Pakistan. A questionnaire was developed of five statements on five point Likert Scale. The collected data was entered in SPSS 16 and the results were generated according to the objectives of the study using mean, standard deviation, Analysis of Variance, and Sheffe Post hoc test, as statistical tests. It was concluded that the secondary school teachers working in various districts of the southern region of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan possessed sufficient knowledge of their subject matter. However, their weakest area is to make the subject matter applicable to the real world situation. Competency in the knowledge of the subject matter of the teachers who were working in the district Hangu is significantly weak as compared to the teachers working in the district Bannu, D.I. Khan, and Peshawar.