Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Networks, Attachments and Support in Minor Affective Disorders: A Replication

Summary Significant deficiencies in personal social networks and social support in non-psychotic psychiatric out-patients have been reported by Henderson and his colleagues. In a replication study, 50 non-psychotic psychiatric out-patients were compared with 50 matched controls. Patients reported spending less time in social interaction, but more time in unpleasant interaction during the previous week; they also had fewer attachment figures, close relatives and good friends and fewer social contacts than controls. However, the separate analysis of Neurotic and Retarded depressives (using the Present State Examination) failed to replicate all these findings in the Retarded depressives. It is concluded that these associations are confirmed in neurotic patients, but that the more severe depressive disorders require further investigation.
Liposuction-Assisted Medial Brachioplasty after Massive Weight Loss: An Efficient Procedure with a High Functional Benefit

Background: Brachioplasty frequently offers functional benefits but results in poor aesthetic scars and a relatively high complication rate. The authors describe the complications and risk factors inherent in liposuction-assisted medial brachioplasty and assess patient satisfaction with the functional and aesthetic benefits. Methods: A 5-year retrospective study was performed that included all patients who underwent liposuction-assisted medial brachioplasty. Complications were reviewed and analyzed by aesthetic and nonaesthetic categories, and patient satisfaction was rated. Results: Sixty-six patients were included (mean age, 44.4 years). The average body mass index was 30.2 kg/m2; mean weight reduction was 50.72 kg. Thirty-seven patients (56.1 percent) developed at least one complication, including six (9.1 percent) with a nonaesthetic complication versus 31 (47.0 percent) with an aesthetic complication. Complications were significantly associated with a longer operative time (p = 0.015), 233 minutes in the complication group versus 164 minutes in the no-complication group. Fifty-three patients answered the questionnaire. Forty-six (86.8 percent) stated that they would undergo this intervention again. Overall satisfaction was reported as excellent for 12 patients (22.6 percent) and pleasing for 24 (45.3 percent). All patients rated the functional outcome superior or equal to the aesthetic outcome. Quality of life was estimated to be better after than before the intervention for 41 patients (77.4 percent). Conclusions: Liposuction-assisted medial brachioplasty is a safe and efficient technique. It offers a functional benefit with a low nonaesthetic complication rate. Despite the inherent scars, the majority of patients would undergo this intervention again because of an important satisfaction rate and improvement in quality of life. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Risk, III.
Media News and Earnings Management Prior to Equity Offerings

We examine whether media news reflect the extent to which issuing firms manage their earnings prior to their equity carve-outs (ECOs). We posit that managers will strategically respond to media requests prior to their equity offerings in order to signal their type and differentiate themselves from others. We find that media news at the time of the ECO is negatively related to earnings management during the year prior to the ECO date. However, when we examine the nature of media news (informative vs uninformative), we find that earnings management is negatively (positively) related to informative (uninformative) media news. Moreover, while price revision is positively related to both informative and uninformative media news, ECO underpricing is positively related to uninformative media news and negatively related to informative media news. This suggests that uninformative news induces investor sentiment during the first day of trading, whereas informative news reduces the asymmetric information between issuing firms and outside investors. Consistently, we document that long-run ECO performance decreases with earnings management and uninformative news, but is positively related to informative news. Our results highlight the importance of the nature of news in media coverage for issuers seeking to differentiate themselves from those managing their earnings prior to equity offerings, evidence consistent with signaling.
The Impact of Adjustment Programme On Manufacturing Industries In Nigeria, 1986–1991: A Sample Study

: This paper examines the impact of adjustment programme on manufacturing industries in Nigeria. A survey of 370 manufacturing industries randomly selected was undertaken in several parts of the country. It is found that the adjustment policies had different effects on profits, capacity utilization, sales, exports, employment and production costs in different industries. Overall, the results show that industrial sub-groups such as food and beverages, textiles and clothings, and other consumer products, most of which Nigeria has comparative advantage benefitted positively from the reforms. Capital industries in the chemical, pharmaceutical, electronics, electrical and metals were severely affected in terms of profits, capacity utilization and local sourcing of raw materials. Resume: Ce document examine l'impact du programme d'adjustement sur les industries manufacturieres au Nigeria. Une etude portant sur un echantillonnagc aleatoire de 370 unites industriellcs a ete menee en differentes regions du pays. Cette etude a demontre que sclon l'industrie en cause, la politique d'adjustcment a des incidences differentes sur les benefices, l'utilisation des capacites, les ventes, les exportations, 1'emploi et les autres produits de consommation pour lcsqucls le Nigeria beneficie d'une avantage comparatif, les reformes ont cu des retombees favorablcs. En revanche, les industries a forte intensite de capital, telles que l'industrie chimiquc et pharmaceutique, l'electroniquc, l'electricite et la metallurgie, se sont fortement rcsscntics des consequences des reformes en termes de profits, d'utilisation des capacites et d'approvisionnement local en matieres premieres.
An EULAR study group pilot study on reliability of simple capillaroscopic definitions to describe capillary morphology in rheumatic diseases.

OBJECTIVE To propose simple capillaroscopic definitions for interpretation of capillaroscopic morphologies and to assess inter-rater reliability. METHODS The simple definitions proposed were: normal--hairpin, tortuous or crossing; abnormal--not hairpin, not tortuous and not crossing; not evaluable--whenever rater undecided between normal and abnormal. Based upon an aimed kappa of 0.80 and default prevalences of normal (0.4), abnormal (0.4) and not evaluable (0.2) capillaries, 90 single capillaries were presented to three groups of raters: experienced independent raters, n = 5; attendees of the sixth EULAR capillaroscopy course, n = 34; novices after a 1-h course, n = 11. Inter-rater agreement was assessed by calculation of proportion of agreement and by kappa coefficients. RESULTS Mean kappa based on 90 capillaries was 0.47 (95% CI: 0.39, 0.54) for expert raters, 0.40 (95% CI: 0.36, 0.44) for attendees and 0.46 (95% CI: 0.41, 0.52) for novices, with overall agreements of 67% (95% CI: 63, 71), 63% (95% CI: 60, 65) and 67% (95% CI: 63, 70), respectively. Comparing only normal vs the combined groups of abnormal and not evaluable capillaries did increase the kappa: 0.51 (95% CI: 0.37 ,: 0.65), 0.53 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.58) and 0.55 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.62). On the condition that the capillaries were classifiable, the mean kappa was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.50, 0.74) for expert raters (n = 65), 0.76 (95% CI: 0.69, 0.83) for attendees (n = 20) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.89) for novices (n = 44). CONCLUSION This multicentre, international study showed moderate reliability of simple capillaroscopic definitions for describing morphology of capillaries by rheumatologists with varying levels of expertise. Novices were capable of distinguishing normal from abnormal capillaries by means of a 1-h training session. In future studies, the class not evaluable may be obsolete.
Assessing Impact of Physical Activity-Based Youth Development Programs: Validation of the Life Skills Transfer Survey (LSTS)

Purpose: A signature characteristic of positive youth development (PYD) programs is the opportunity to develop life skills, such as social, behavioral, and moral competencies, that can be generalized to domains beyond the immediate activity. Although context-specific instruments are available to assess developmental outcomes, a measure of life skills transfer would enable evaluation of PYD programs in successfully teaching skills that youth report using in other domains. The purpose of our studies was to develop and validate a measure of perceived life skills transfer, based on data collected with The First Tee, a physical activity-based PYD program. Method: In 3 studies, we conducted a series of steps to provide content and construct validity and internal consistency reliability for the Life Skills Transfer Survey (LSTS), a measure of perceived life skills transfer. Results: Study 1 provided content validity for the LSTS that included 8 life skills and 50 items. Study 2 revealed construct validity (structural validity) through a confirmatory factor analysis and convergent validity by correlating scores on the LSTS with scores on an assessment tool that measures a related construct. Study 3 offered additional construct validity by reassessing youth 1 year later and showing that scores during both time periods were invariant in factor pattern, loadings, and variances and covariances. Studies 2 and 3 demonstrated internal consistency reliability of the LSTS.Conclusion: Results from 3 studies provide evidence of content and construct validity and internal consistency reliability for the LSTS, which can be used in evaluation research with youth development programs.
Are Obese Individuals with no Feature of Metabolic Syndrome but Increased Waist Circumference Really Healthy? A Cross Sectional Study.

AIM Patients displaying the metabolically healthy but obese phenotype have an intermediate cardiometabolic prognosis compared to normal weight healthy and metabolically unhealthy obese subjects. We aimed to evaluate the proportion of patients with a definite metabolically healthy obese phenotype and better characterize them. METHODS Definite metabolically healthy obese phenotype was defined as having none of the International Diabetes Federation metabolic syndrome criteria, excluding waist circumference. We recruited 1 159 obese patients (body mass index 38.4±6.3 kg/m(2)) including 943 women, without known diabetes. Patients were characterized for cardiometabolic disorders. RESULTS As the 202 (17.4%) metabolically healthy obese individuals were younger and had lower body mass indexes than the 957 metabolically unhealthy obese patients, they were matched for gender, age and body mass index with 404 metabolically unhealthy obese patients. In addition to the features of metabolic syndrome, when compared to unhealthy subjects, definite metabolically healthy obese patients were less frequently found with either homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index>3 (23.6 vs. 38.9%, p<0.001), or abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (13.9 vs. 33.9%, p<0.001), or HbA1c value≥5.7% (43.9 vs. 54.2%, p<0.05) or pulse pressure≥60 mmHg (11.7 vs. 64.9%, p<0.001). However, there were no significant differences in the prevalence of microalbuminuria (11.1 vs. 12.3%), cardiac autonomic dysfunction (45.5 vs. 35.3%) and fatty liver index ≥ 60 (5.6 vs. 10.2%). CONCLUSION Our data do not support the characterization of metabolically healthy obesity, even definite, as really healthy, as many patients with this phenotype have abnormal cardiovascular markers and glucose or liver abnormalities. HbA1c measurement seems to be more sensitive than OGTT to detect dysglycemia in this population.
An Investigation of the Importance of Risk in Farmers' Decisions

This paper presents an empirical investigation of the importance of risk in decisions. The adaptive expectations geometric lag model is generalized by geometrically including quadratic lag terms indicative of risk. The computation of consistent estimators is described, and the model is applied in the analysis of California field-crop supply response. Results indicate that the effects of stabilization (possibly associated with government programs) might have seriously offset the acreage-reducing effects of voluntary acreage restrictions. Finally, more general implications relating to reduced-form estimation of the standard Nerlovian model are discussed.
How Equity Duration Impacts on the Cross Section of Realized Returns

The paper explores the impact that equity duration has on the observed cross section of realized returns by decomposing standard market wide BE/ME into two separate components; stationary and time varying. Separation is achieved though grouping firms into their appropriate industries and analyzing the aggregated data. Stationary components (represented by long run industry BE/ME) are found to be have a significant negative relationship with realized returns, while time varying components (represented by intra industry and inter industry BE/ME) are found to have a significant positive relationship with realized returns. Whilst the negative return relationship existent in the stationary component of BE/ME conforms to standard duration expectations, the relationship conflicts with standard cross sectional return expectations; industries with high long run BE/ME values (short duration) achieve low returns. The empirical evidence suggests that the stationary and time varying components of the standard market wide BE/ME ratio influence the cross section of realized returns in opposing ways. As a result of these opposing influences, controlling for one component will increase the predictive ability of the other. These findings can be used to reconcile some of some puzzling risk and return relationship associated with equity duration, and have broader impacts on cross sectional analysis.
How Labour Market Flexibility Affects Unemployment: Long-Term Implications of the Chain Reaction Theory

This paper evaluates two theories of unemployment: the natural rate theory (whereby unemployment is depicted as fluctuating around a reasonably stable natural rate) and the chain reaction theory (which views movements in unemployment as the outcome of the interplay between labour market shocks and a network of lagged adjustment processes). We show that, for labour market systems with two common characteristics – lagged endogenous variables and growing exogenous variables – lags affect unemployment not only in the short run, but in the long run as well. The reason is that, in the presence of growing exogenous variables, the lagged responses are never able to work themselves out entirely. In this respect, the chain reaction theory contrasts sharply with the natural theory, which commonly views unemployment as approaching a natural rate determined solely by the values of the exogenous variables. The policy implications of the two theories are quite different as well. For an empirical model of the UK market, we show that unemployment does not converge to the natural rate, as conventionally defined. Furthermore, we show that lagged adjustment processes account for a substantial part of the UK long-run equilibrium unemployment rate and for the movement of UK unemployment over the past 15 years.
Atypical lobular hyperplasia and lobular carcinoma in situ at core breast biopsy: use of careful radiologic-pathologic correlation to recommend excision or observation.

PURPOSE To assess the utility of precise radiologic and pathologic correlation for establishing imaging-histologic concordance or discordance as a method to limit the number of patients requiring surgical excision when atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) or lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is diagnosed at core biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was approved by the institutional review board, and the requirement to obtain informed consent was waived. The pathology database was searched from 2000 to 2010 for core biopsies yielding ALH or LCIS devoid of any additional lesion that independently necessitated excision. All cases had to have either subsequent surgical excision or a minimum of 2 years of imaging follow-up. This yielded 50 cases from 49 women aged 40-73 years (mean age, 59 years). The authors performed detailed radiologic-pathologic analysis while blinded to subsequent follow-up information, comparing all biopsy-related images with the histologic findings at core biopsy and then designating each core biopsy finding as concordant or discordant. Then, results of subsequent surgery or extended follow-up for each case were unblinded and compared with original concordant or discordant designations. Outcomes and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS Of the 43 benign concordant core biopsy findings, none were upgraded at surgery (n = 38) or extended follow-up (n = 5) (95% CI: 0%, 8%). Of the seven discordant biopsy findings, two were upgraded to ductal carcinoma in situ at surgery (n = 5); none of the cases were upgraded at follow-up (n = 2). CONCLUSION When careful radiologic-pathologic correlation is performed and concordance is achieved, women with ALH or LCIS at core biopsy can be observed.
The International Transmission of Volatility Shocks: An Empirical Analysis

This paper proposes an empirical model which can be used to estimate the impact of changes in the volatility of shocks to US real activity on the UK economy. The proposed empirical model is a structural VAR where the volatility of structural shocks is time varying and is allowed to affect the level of endogenous variables. Using this extended SVAR model we estimate that a one standard deviation increase in the volatility of the shock to US real GDP leads to a decline in UK GDP growth of 0.1% and a 0.1% increase in UK CPI inflation. We then use a non-linear small open economy New Keynesian business cycle model calibrated to US/UK economies to investigate what kind of stochastic volatility shocks can deliver such behaviour. We find that shocks that generate marginal cost uncertainty – such as foreign wage mark-up and productivity stochastic volatility shocks – can reproduce the macroeconomic aggregate responses obtained by the empirical model. An increase in uncertainty, associated with foreign demand shocks on the other hand has a negligible impact on the domestic economy.
Early loading‐related changes in the activity of glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase in osteocytes and periosteal osteoblasts in rat fibulae in vivo

The tibiae and fibulae of 14‐week‐old rats were subjected to a single 5 minutes period of cyclic longitudinal loading at 1 Hz. The activity of the enzymes glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in osteocytes and periosteal osteoblasts was measured immediately and 24 h after loading. In osteocytes G6PD activity was increased immediately after loading but returned to control values 24 h later. There was no detectable ALP activity in these cells regardless of loading history. In periosteal osteoblasts G6PD activity was raised immediately after loading and remained higher than controls 24 h later. ALP activity in periosteal cells was unaffected immediately after loading but 24 h later was substantially increased. These findings are consistent with osteocytes and periosteal cells both being immediately responsive to periods of intermittent loading in their adjacent matrices. In both cell types an early feature of this response is an increase in G6PD activity. In osteocytes this response is short‐lived, suggesting that it is an early biochemical change associated with strain perception that does not progress to matrix synthesis. The increase in G6PD activity with unaffected ALP levels in periosteal cells immediately after loading is consistent with a similar response. In these cells the increase in G6PD accompanied by increased ALP levels 24 h after loading suggests that the loading‐related response progresses to new bone formation.
The Balance-of-payments Constraint: From Balanced Trade to Sustainable Debt

This paper extends the balance-of-payments constraint on growth known as Thirlwall's law to incorporate unbalanced trade and debt accumulation. Assuming that small open economies face a liquidity constraint, the text shows the growth and real-exchange-rate policy rules consistent with a stable ratio of net exports to income. Given such rules, the text shows how the trade balance of a small open economy is residually determined by the ratio of foreign debt to income allowed by international conditions.
Patterns of health care use in a high-cost inpatient population in Ottawa, Ontario: a retrospective observational study.

BACKGROUND A small proportion of patients account for the majority of health care spending. We used detailed clinical and administrative data to explore clinical characteristics, patterns of health care use and changes in cost profiles over time among high-cost inpatients in an acute tertiary care hospital in Ottawa, Ontario. METHODS We identified all people who had 1 or more inpatient admissions to The Ottawa Hospital between Apr. 1, 2009, and Mar. 31, 2012. We calculated the direct inpatient costs using case-costing information to categorize patients into persistently high-cost, episodic high-cost and non-high-cost groups. Within each group, we used discharge abstracts to measure encounter-level characteristics and patterns of inpatient health care use over time. We also developed transition matrices to explore how inpatient costing states changed over time. RESULTS During the study period, 100 178 patients had 132 996 hospital admissions. Hospital spending was often limited to a single year for most of the patients (90.2%), with only a small proportion (7.4%) of patients remaining in the high-cost group in the subsequent year. Patients in the persistently (n = 236) and episodic (n = 5062) high-cost groups were often older, had medically complex conditions and generated most of the costs from nursing care and intensive care. Compared with patients in the other cost groups, those in the persistently high-cost group were more likely to have multiple readmissions (43.4%) and multiple placements in an alternate level of care (19.0%) and were high users of health care services outside of the hospital setting. INTERPRETATION Hospital spending was often limited to a single year for most patients, and only a small proportion of patients remained in the high-cost group in the subsequent year. These persistently high-cost patients had medically complex conditions and often required expensive care. A greater understanding of the circumstances that result in persistent hospital spending remains an area for future work, including an exploration of the potential barriers impeding efficient transition out of acute care for high-risk patients.