Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The mechanism of the increase in glomerular filtration rate in the twelve‐day pregnant rat.

1. Whole kidney and micropuncture techniques were employed to investigate the determinants of glomerular ultrafiltration in virgin and 12‐day pregnant rats. 2. A significant increase in whole kidney glomerular filtration rate (g.f.r.) and superficial cortical single nephron g.f. r. was noted in pregnant rats compared to virgins. 3. Increases in whole kidney and glomerular plasma flow rate also occurred in pregnancy which were in proportion to the increase in rate of filtration. No differences were noted in the hydrostatic and oncotic pressures which influence formation of glomerular ultrafiltrate in the superficial nephron population. 4. Reduction in arterial haematocrit and no change in mean red cell volume indicate that a plasma volume expansion has occurred by day 12 of pregnancy in the rat. 5. It is concluded that the increased g.f. r. seen in 12‐day pregnant rats is exclusively the result of an increase in renal plasma flow rate (r.p.f.) since the other determinants of glomerular ultrafiltration are unaffected by pregnancy. The plasma volume expansion which also occurs must be, at least in part, responsible for the increase in r.p.f.
A model of articulatory dynamics and control

A model of human articulation is described whose spatial and dynamic characteristics closely match those of natural speech. The model includes a controller that embodies enough articulatory "motor skill" to produce, from discrete phonetic strings, properly timed sequences of articulatory movements. Together with programs for dictionary searching and rules for duration and other phonetic variables, the model can produce reasonably acceptable synthetic speech from ordinary English text.
Thrombotic issues in transgender medicine: A review

Clinicians, including hematologists, are more frequently encountering transgender individuals in practice; however, most lack training on the management and complications of transgender medicine. Hormonal therapy forms the backbone of medical interventions for patients undergoing gender transition. While supplementing an individual's intrinsic sex hormone is associated with a variety of hematologic complications including increased rates of venous thrombosis, cardiovascular events, erthyrocytosis, and malignancy, the risks of supplementing with opposing sex hormones are not well understood. Data on the hematologic complications of these therapies are accumulating but remain limited, and clinicians have little experience with their management. This review highlights the current interventions available in transgender medicine and related potential hematologic complications, and it suggests simple, evidence‐based management going forward. Am. J. Hematol. 92:204–208, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polyethylene-collagen hydrolizate thermoplastic blends: thermal and mechanical properties

Collagen, a natural macromolecular protein from renewable resources, is widely used in many industrial applications. Mixtures of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) with collagen hydrolizate derived from the tannery industry were investigated to assess the feasibility of producing polymeric materials suitable for production of thermoplastic items for applications in packaging and agricultural segments. Different grades of polyethylenes and collagen hydrolizates characterized by different molecular weight and salinity were investigated to develop optimal blends. The physical–chemical properties of the obtained blends were assessed by thermal–mechanical, spectroscopical analysis. Following the ongoing research activity, the reutilization of collagen hydrolizate derived from the leather industry for the production of environmental degradable polyethylene-based thermoplastic films appears feasible and promising. Blends of collagen hydrolizate and LDPE up to 20–30 wt % of collagen hydrolizate allow obtaining slightly opaque, cohesive and flexible films that show satisfactory thermal–mechanical responses. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Radio observations of candidate magnetic O stars

A number of O stars are suspected to have (weak) magnetic fields because of the observed cyclical variability in their UV wind-lines. However, direct detections of these magnetic fields with optical spectropolarimetry have proven to be very difficult. We have searched for non-thermal radio emission, which would be a strong indication for the presence of a magnetic field. Of our 5 selected candidate magnetic O stars, 3 are detected: xi Per, which we find to have a non-thermal spectrum, and lambda Cep and alpha Cam which show a thermal spectrum. We also find that the fluxes are lower than the expected free-free (thermal) contribution of the stellar wind. This is in agreement with recent findings that the mass-loss rates from O stars using Halpha are overestimated because of clumping in the inner part of the stellar wind.
How Auto-Encoders Could Provide Credit Assignment in Deep Networks via Target Propagation

We propose to exploit {\em reconstruction} as a layer-local training signal for deep learning. Reconstructions can be propagated in a form of target propagation playing a role similar to back-propagation but helping to reduce the reliance on derivatives in order to perform credit assignment across many levels of possibly strong non-linearities (which is difficult for back-propagation). A regularized auto-encoder tends produce a reconstruction that is a more likely version of its input, i.e., a small move in the direction of higher likelihood. By generalizing gradients, target propagation may also allow to train deep networks with discrete hidden units. If the auto-encoder takes both a representation of input and target (or of any side information) in input, then its reconstruction of input representation provides a target towards a representation that is more likely, conditioned on all the side information. A deep auto-encoder decoding path generalizes gradient propagation in a learned way that can could thus handle not just infinitesimal changes but larger, discrete changes, hopefully allowing credit assignment through a long chain of non-linear operations. In addition to each layer being a good auto-encoder, the encoder also learns to please the upper layers by transforming the data into a space where it is easier to model by them, flattening manifolds and disentangling factors. The motivations and theoretical justifications for this approach are laid down in this paper, along with conjectures that will have to be verified either mathematically or experimentally, including a hypothesis stating that such auto-encoder mediated target propagation could play in brains the role of credit assignment through many non-linear, noisy and discrete transformations.
Shortened PET data acquisition protocol for the quantification of 18F-FDG kinetics.

UNLABELLED A modified short dynamic protocol was defined and evaluated to predict kinetic parameters of (18)F-FDG metabolism from a dynamic data acquisition. METHODS The evaluation included 151 datasets obtained from 60 patients examined with (18)F-FDG and a dynamic data acquisition protocol of 60 min. Standardized uptake values (SUVs) were calculated for the individual time frames, and a 2-compartment model was applied to the data. The kinetic parameters and the (18)F-FDG influx, calculated from the model data, served as the reference for the analysis. Correlation was analyzed for the SUVs and the reference data. Subset analysis identified time intervals that can be used to predict the reference parameters based on a second-order polynomial function. RESULTS Significant correlations were noted for SUVs and (18)F-FDG influx, vascular fraction (VB), and the rate constant k1. The influx was associated mainly with SUVs of late acquisition times, whereas higher correlations were noted for early acquisition intervals and VB, as well as k1. A short dynamic acquisition protocol was defined on the basis of a short dynamic sequence 1-10 min after tracer injection and a static acquisition 56-60 min after tracer application. The correlation coefficients exceeded 0.9 for influx, VB, and k1 when the SUVs of the input area (blood) and the target area were used to predict the kinetic parameters. CONCLUSION A short dynamic data acquisition protocol can be used to obtain more detailed information about (18)F-FDG kinetics. The results demonstrate that (18)F-FDG influx, VB, and k1 can be estimated with high accuracy from SUVs.
Current trends in the management of glioblastoma in a French University Hospital and associated direct costs

Trends in the care of glioblastoma in actual practice settings are poorly described. In a previous pharmacoepidemiologic study, we highlighted changes in the management of patients with glioblastoma (GBM) newly diagnosed between 2004 and 2008. Our aim was to complete and to extend the previous report with a study of a cohort of patients diagnosed in 2011 to emphasize the trends in the pharmacotherapy of GBM over the last decade.
Citation for Published Item: Use Policy Behavioural Activation for Depression; an Update of Meta-analysis of Effectiveness and Sub Group Analysis

S. (2014) 'Behavioural activation for depression : an update of meta-analysis of eectiveness and sub group analysis. ', PLoS ONE. , 9 (6). e100100. c 2014 Ekers et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Abstract Background: Depression is a common, disabling condition for which psychological treatments are recommended. Behavioural activation has attracted increased interest in recent years. It has been over 5 years since our meta-analyses summarised the evidence supporting and this systematic review updates those findings and examines moderators of treatment effect.
Impaired incretin effect and fasting hyperglucagonaemia characterizing type 2 diabetic subjects are early signs of dysmetabolism in obesity

Aims: People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are characterized by reduced incretin effect and inappropriate glucagon levels. We evaluated α and β‐cell responses to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and isoglycaemic intravenous glucose infusion (IIGI) in lean and obese persons with T2DM or normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to elucidate the impact of obesity on the incretin effect and incretin hormone and glucagon responses.
A few words on Entropy, Thermodynamics, and Horizons

We review recent progress in understanding certain aspects of the thermodynamics of black holes and other horizons. Our discussion centers on various ``entropy bounds'' which have been proposed in the literature and on the current understanding of how such bounds are {\it not} required for the semi-classical consistency of black hole thermodynamics. Instead, consistency under certain extreme circumstances is provided by two effects. The first is simply the exponential enhancement of the rate at which a macrostate with large entropy is emitted in any thermal process. The second is a new sense in which the entropy of an ``object'' depends on the observer making the measurement, so that observers crossing the horizon measure a different entropy flux across the horizon than do observers remaining outside. In addition to the review, some recent criticisms are addressed. In particular, additional arguments and detailed numerical calculations showing the observer dependence of entropy are presented in a simple model. This observer-dependence may have further interesting implications for the thermodynamics of black holes.
Supersaturating silicon with transition metals by ion implantation and pulsed laser melting

Research at Harvard was supported by The U.S. Army Research Office under contracts W911NF-12-1-0196 and W911NF-09-1-0118. M.T. W. and T.B. ’s work was supported by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Research Office under Grant No. W911NF-10-1-0442, and the National Science Foundation (NSF) Faculty Early Career Development Program ECCS-1150878 (to T.B.). M.J.S. , J.T. S. , M.T. W. , T.B. , and S.G. acknowledge a generous gift from the Chesonis Family Foundation and support in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Department of Energy (DOE) under NSF CA No. EEC- 1041895. S.C. and J.S. W. ’s work was supported by The Australian Research Council. J.M. was supported by a National Research Council Research Associateship.
Strategies for Nurses to Prevent Sleep‐Related Injuries and Errors

&NA; Rehabilitation nurses work shift schedules or long hours to provide essential patient services around the clock. These demanding hours can lead to sleep difficulties, declines in performance, and increased worker errors. This article gives an overview of selected declines in cognitive performance that are associated with inadequate sleep and several factors that increase risk for fatigue‐related errors. Selected strategies for nurses and managers to reduce these risks are discussed, such as better sleep practices, improved work schedule design, naps, caffeine, exposure to light, and rest breaks. Both nurses and managers share responsibility for implementing strategies to reduce risks from inadequate sleep.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN CLASS AND SUBCLASS CONCENTRATIONS AFTER TREATMENT OF CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA

With greatly increased survival rates after childhood leukemia during the last 3 decades, the long-term effects of the treatment have become more evident. The disease and its treatment impair the immune system, but the duration of this impairment is unknown. The authors studied the serum concentrations of immunoglobulins and IgG subclasses in 20 Icelandic children cured of leukemia on average 8 years and 3 months after their treatment ended. Although no marked deviations were found in the concentrations of the main immunoglobulin classes IgA, IgM, IgG, and IgE, the IgG subclass levels were below reference values. The patients had on average 0.9 of age standardized reference values of IgG1, 0.5 of IgG2, 0.8 of IgG3, and 0.7 of IgG4. However, none had any autoimmune diseases or a markedly increased tendency for infections. The results indicate that although the immunoglobulin classes regain their normal values within a few years after cessation of treatment, recovery of the IgG subclasses, especially IgG2, is impaired.
Modeling and Cost Analysis of Movement-Based Location Management for PCS Networks With HLR/VLR Architecture, General Location Area and Cell Residence Time Distributions

Location management plays a central role in guaranteeing the effective operation of personal communication service (PCS) networks. In current PCS networks, a two-tier system of home location register (HLR) and visitor location register (VLR) databases is commonly used for location management. To improve the performance of PCS networks, several dynamic location management schemes have been proposed. Among the existing dynamic schemes, the movement-based location management may be the most practical due to its effectiveness and easy implementation under the framework of current PCS networks. To implement location management in PCS networks, cost analysis is a crucial aspect. However, most of the existing cost analyses for the movement-based scheme are too simple and not available for PCS networks with the HLR/VLR architecture. One reason for this is the complexity and the difficulty associated with the problem. Li et al. and Rodriguez-Dagnino et al. challenged this task by considering the HLR/VLR architecture. However, the cost analysis developed by Li et al. was carried out under the assumption that the cell and location area (LA) residence times are exponentially distributed. Rodriguez-Dagnino et al. furthered Li et al.'s work by assuming that the LA residence time follows a hyperexponential distribution and that the cell residence time is generally distributed. However, Li et al. and Rodriguez-Dagnino et al. failed to consider VLR location updates that are caused by terminal movements between LAs. In this paper, we relax the restrictions imposed on the distributions of the cell and LA residence times and propose an analytical model to study the movement-based scheme with HLR/VLR architecture. The issue of VLR location updates that are caused by movements between LAs is addressed carefully and successfully. Analytical formulas for the costs of HLR and VLR location updates are derived using a unified approach. Numerical study suggests that the total cost is a convex function of the movement threshold and is sensitive to the variances of the cell and LA residence times. The result presented in this paper can serve as a guideline for the system design and the implementation of the movement-based scheme for PCS networks.
Late failure of posterior fixation without bone fusion for vertebral metastases

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE : To verify the frequency of late radiological com-plications in spinal fixation surgeries performed without fu-sion in oncological patients METHODS : This is a retrospective analysis analysing failure in cases of non-fused vertebral fixation in an oncology reference hospital between 2009 and 2014. Failure was defined as implant loosening or bre-akage, as well as new angular or translation deformities RESULTS : One hundred and five cases were analyzed. The most common site of primary tumor was the breast and the most common place of metastasis was the thoracic spine. The average follow-up was 22.7 months. Nine cases (8%) of failure were reported, with an average time until failure of 9.5 months. The most common failure was implant loosening. No case required further surgery CONCLUSION : The occurrence of failure was not different than that reported for fused cases. The time interval until failure was higher than the median of survival of the majority (88%) of cases. Level of Evidence IV, Therapeutic Study.
Mitochondrial mRNA Polymorphisms in Different Arabidopsis Accessions1[W][OA]

In our analysis of 5′ and 3′ end formation in plant mitochondria, we compared the major transcript ends of all mitochondrial protein-coding genes between the three Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions Columbia (Col), C24, and Landsberg erecta (Ler). Differences between transcript patterns were found for seven genes. For atp6-2, no transcripts at all were detected in Ler. This and further analyses suggest that the atp6-2 gene arrangement is absent from the mitochondrial DNA of this accession. All other transcript polymorphisms are attributed to variations at the 5′ termini and were consistently observed in all tissues investigated. mRNA phenotyping of reciprocal Col/Ler, Col/C24, and Ler/C24 F1 hybrids revealed the differing transcript patterns of ccmC to be inherited maternally, suggesting these to arise from differences in the mitochondrial DNA. Biparental inheritance was observed for the polymorphic transcripts of nad4, nad9, ccmB, and rpl5, indicating these differences to be caused by nuclear-encoded trans-factors. Deviant transcript patterns were tested in further accessions and were found in at least three additional accessions. Detailed examination of the nad4 and the nad9 transcripts demonstrates that the respective polymorphisms affect the major mRNAs of these genes. This study shows that natural genetic variation in Arabidopsis can also affect mitochondrial mRNA end processing. These variations can now be used to identify the nuclear genes responsible, as well as the mitochondrial cis-elements required, for 5′ end generation of mitochondrial transcripts.
Application of Fuzzy AHP for Evaluation of Green Supply Chain Management Strategies

This study deals with the application of Fuzzy AHP method for evaluating Green supply chain management strategies for cement manufacturing company. The strategies are calculated by the model of Fuzzy AHP, the main attributes, sub attributes and measurement indicators are defined based on the cement manufacturing process. The weights are calculated based on the pair-wise comparison of matrices of attributes and indicators. The results of the study revealed that "green manufacturing” share is the most significant attribute in the present Green supply chain management strategy.
Mood-lowering effect of tryptophan depletion. Enhanced susceptibility in young men at genetic risk for major affective disorders.

METHODS A double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study in which plasma tryptophan was manipulated by administration of a tryptophan-deficient amino acid mixture. In the placebo condition, all subjects received a nutritionally balanced amino acid mixture that contained tryptophan. To further standardize baseline amino acids, each subject was provided with a low-protein diet the day before amino acid challenges. Subjects were euthymic, healthy men aged 18 to 30 years with either a multigenerational family history of affective illness or no family history of psychiatric illness in the present or in the two previous generations. Each subject was screened with a structured clinical interview to rule out a personal history of psychiatric illness. RESULTS Plasma tryptophan was reduced by 89% 5 hours after the administration of the tryptophan-deficient amino acid mixture. Six of 20 subjects with a family history of affective illness and none of 19 subjects without a family history of psychiatric illness showed a lowering of mood of 10 or more points on the Profile of Mood States depression scale (P = .012, Fisher's Exact Test) 5 hours after tryptophan depletion. No significant mood changes were observed following the control treatment (balanced amino acid mixture) in either group. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the hypothesis that subjects with no prior depressive episodes but with a multigenerational family history of major affective disorder show a greater reduction in mood after tryptophan depletion. They are also consistent with theories that implicate deficient serotonergic function as one possible etiological factor in major depressive disorders.
Treatment of Acute Vestibular Neuronitis With Glucocorticoids

Objective: To report the effects of glucocorticoid treatment of acute vestibular neuronitis on recovery of vestibular function and length of hospital stay. Study Design: Prospective, consecutive case series compared with historic controls. Setting: Secondary referral academic hospital. Patients: Patients with acute vestibular neuronitis. One group treated with glucocorticoids within 3 days after symptom onset (n = 33) and 2 historic untreated control groups (n = 41 and n = 67). Interventions: Oral prednisolone 50 mg/d for 5 days with tapering of doses for the next 5 days, alternatively with intravenous betamethasone 8 mg on the first 1 to 2 days if nauseated. Main Outcome Measures: Extent of unilateral vestibular paresis (%) in the caloric test at presentation and at 12 months of follow-up. Length of hospital stay (days). Results: The initial vestibular paresis value did not differ between the treatment group and the control group. At follow-up, the treatment group showed a lower value (22.8% versus 47.2%, p = 0.0003) and greater improvement (53.4% versus 35.6%, p = 0.002). At follow-up, 70% of the treatment group had a normal caloric test result compared to only 34% of the control group. The mean hospital stay of the treatment group was significantly shorter than that of the control group (1.8 versus 3.0 d, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Glucocorticoids administered within 3 days after onset of vestibular neuronitis improves long-time recovery of vestibular function and reduces length of hospital stay.