Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Skin Parameter Map Retrieval from a Dedicated Multispectral Imaging System Applied to Dermatology/Cosmetology

In vivo quantitative assessment of skin lesions is an important step in the evaluation of skin condition. An objective measurement device can help as a valuable tool for skin analysis. We propose an explorative new multispectral camera specifically developed for dermatology/cosmetology applications. The multispectral imaging system provides images of skin reflectance at different wavebands covering visible and near-infrared domain. It is coupled with a neural network-based algorithm for the reconstruction of reflectance cube of cutaneous data. This cube contains only skin optical reflectance spectrum in each pixel of the bidimensional spatial information. The reflectance cube is analyzed by an algorithm based on a Kubelka-Munk model combined with evolutionary algorithm. The technique allows quantitative measure of cutaneous tissue and retrieves five skin parameter maps: melanin concentration, epidermis/dermis thickness, haemoglobin concentration, and the oxygenated hemoglobin. The results retrieved on healthy participants by the algorithm are in good accordance with the data from the literature. The usefulness of the developed technique was proved during two experiments: a clinical study based on vitiligo and melasma skin lesions and a skin oxygenation experiment (induced ischemia) with healthy participant where normal tissues are recorded at normal state and when temporary ischemia is induced.
Rosmarinic acid potentiates carnosic acid induced apoptosis in lung fibroblasts

Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by over-population and excessive activation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts disrupting normal lung structure and functioning. Rosemary extract rich in carnosic acid (CA) and rosmarinic acid (RA) was reported to cure bleomycin-(BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. We demonstrate that CA decreased human lung fibroblast (HLF) viability with IC50 value of 17.13±1.06 μM, while RA had no cytotoxic effect. In the presence of 50 μM of RA, dose-response for CA shifted to IC50 value of 11.70±1.46 μM, indicating synergic action. TGFβ-transformed HLF, rat lung fibroblasts and L929 cells presented similar sensitivity to CA and CA+RA (20μM+100μM, respectively) treatment. Rat alveolar epithelial cells died only under CA+RA treatment, while A549 cells were not affected. Annexin V staining and DNA quantification suggested that HLF are arrested in G0/G1 cell cycle phase and undergo apoptosis. CA caused sustained activation of phospho-Akt and phospho-p38 expression and inhibition of p21 protein.Addition of RA potentiated these effects, while RA added alone had no action.Only triple combination of inhibitors (MAPK-p38, pan-caspase, PI3K/Akt/autophagy) partially attenuated apoptosis; this suggests that cytotoxicity of CA+RA treatment has a complex mechanism involving several parallel signaling pathways. The in vivo antifibrotic effect of CA and RA was compared with that of Vitamine-E in BLM-induced fibrosis model in rats. We found comparable reduction in fibrosis score by CA, RA and CA+RA, attenuation of collagen deposition and normalization of oxidative stress markers. In conclusion, antifibrotic effect of CA+RA is due to synergistic pro-apoptotic action on lung fibroblasts and myofibroblasts.
Meanings, Patterns and the Social Function of Hijab amongst Female University Students

This study intended to explore the meanings, patterns and the social function of hijab in university students. In-depth interviews were conducted in university of the Punjab, 5 wearing veil and 5 not wearing veil. The participants were selected through snowball sampling. The thematic analysis was done. There were mainly 6 themes ; meaning of hijab, hijab is personal choice experiences, social protection, modesty, hijab is hindrance in progress or not, Data revealed hijab does not mean to wear long gowns, just wear reasonable dress; cover the body properly is hijab. It was also found out that personal preferences, religious obligation, family pressure and cultural values were the main causes of wearing veil. Furthermore, hijab gives more modesty and social protection to the women it does not restrict her mobility and progress.
Stereotypes About Men’s and Women’s Intuitions

Since the Enlightenment, rationality has been set above intuition and associated with male thought, while intuition has become linked with female thought. Do these stereotypes still exist today? If they do, are they the same for different domains of life? And are they stable across age groups, gender, and culture? We investigated these questions in two countries that differ in women’s traditional roles, using representative national samples of 1,016 people in Germany and 1,002 people in Spain. Participants reported their beliefs about men and women’s intuitions for nine personal and professional domains. The main results are as follows: Substantial stereotypes about intuition exist, are highly domain-specific rather than general and, strikingly, do not differ in sign and size between age groups. Moreover, in every domain, substantial in-group preferences exist: Females believe more strongly in the intuitive power of women, and males in that of men. Across domains, stereotypes about gender-specific intuition are more frequent in Germany, even though Spain has a stronger Catholic tradition and political history of conservative gender roles.
Is the Cosmic Ultraviolet Background Fluctuating at Redshift z ≃ 6?

We study the Gunn-Peterson effect of the photoionized intergalactic medium (IGM) in the redshift range 5 < z < 6.4 using semianalytic simulations based on the lognormal model. Assuming a rapidly evolved and spatially uniform ionizing background, the simulation can produce all the observed abnormal statistical features near redshift z ≃ 6. They include (1) a rapid increase of absorption depths, (2) large scatter in the optical depths, (3) long-tailed distributions of transmitted flux, and (4) long dark gaps in spectra. These abnormal features are mainly due to rare events, which correspond to the long-tailed probability distribution of the IGM density field, and therefore they may not imply significant spatial fluctuations in the UV ionizing background at z ≃ 6.
Truth‐telling Practice in Cancer Care in Japan

Japanese physicians are taught to consider the Hippocratic obligation as requiring them to do that which is expected to have the best consequences for the patient, and they usually consider themselves the final authority regarding medical treatment for their cancer patients. However, the decision whether to disclose the cancer diagnosis is left to family members, who usually do not tell the truth. In the 1980s, the policy with regard to telling the truth was influenced by the introduction of hospice care in Japan and was accelerated mainly by a majority of the nurses and a limited number of physicians caring for terminally ill cancer patients' because of issues related to providing aggressive treatment for terminally ill patients who had not been informed of the cancer diagnosis. This situation had resulted in impaired communication between patient and family, lack of symptom management for cancer patients with pain and emotional distress, and so on. In 1989, a Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare task force advocated that physicians inform the terminally ill patient not only of the cancer diagnosis but also of their limited life expectancy, and further recommended that telling the truth be considered a necessity.2 The trend toward full disclosure of the diagnosis has progressed extremely slowly in Japan. To clarify issues regarding truth-telling practice in cancer care in Japan, this paper briefly introduces two national surveys of physicians
A physiological change in the homotopic cortex following left posterior temporal lobe infarction

We investigated the relationship between cerebral activity (measured with positron emission tomography) and word rate in normal subjects and aphasic patients listening to monosyllabic words at rates up to those encountered in normal speech. By measuring the slope of the regression of the individual activity–word rate responses in the temporal cortex in normal subjects, we identified a functional asymmetry in the posterior superior temporal sulcus. The response was greater (steeper) on the left. Using the same study design, we identified a steeper activity–word rate response in the right posterior superior temporal sulcus of patients who had recovered single‐word auditory comprehension after infarction of the left posterior temporal cortex. This response was significantly different from that observed in both normal subjects and a group of patients with left hemisphere infarcts that spared the posterior temporal cortex. The results demonstrated a change in physiological responsiveness in the contralateral homotopic cortex after posterior temporal infarction.
British Town Planning Ideology and the Welfare State

ABSTRACT This paper relates the nature of planning thought to the administrative and legal context, and to possible welfare objectives. The question is raised as to whether town planners have become concerned with specific social benefits. An analysis of the preoccupations of planners is made, using data available in Royal Town Planning Institute literature. From branch meetings data, conclusions are drawn as to changing areas of interest. It is noted that planners did not develop a very strong preoccupation with specific social issues over the 1947–71 period. Factors that may have influenced the evolution of professional thought are then examined. In particular, a hypothesis is put forward that the nature of the planning machinery has been such as to deter discussion about specific welfare implications. Other factors have included traditions, alternative preoccupations, and a lack of coherent attempts to link theoretical analyses with implementation. The paper comments briefly upon the town planning approaches that would be necessary if a more definite welfare outcome were desired. Town and country planners have thought in terms of physical development standards mainly because of the character of the land use planning system.
Teacher Diversity and the Right to Adaptable Education in the Religiously Oriented School: What Can We Learn From Students’ Perceptions?

This study examines students’ perceptions of disparities between teachers’ views and the school ethos in a religiously oriented school, and dissects the implications of such disparities on the children’s right to adaptable education. The study draws on 102 essays of students enrolled in an American Jewish high school that employs a diverse teaching staff. Findings demonstrate that teacher diversity in a religiously oriented school may fulfill the children’s right to adaptable education by motivating children to engage in social perspective taking, and to interact with multiple spheres of cultural affiliations. Teacher diversity may also serve children as they formulate their own views, while not undermining parental impact. In addition, the findings portray the children’s perceptions of the teachers’ duty to respect the communal spheres of adaptability by eschewing indoctrination, remaining open and respectful, and attending to age differences. Subsequently, we offer policy recommendations regarding the need to encourage teacher diversity in religiously oriented schools.
Discrete-time modelling of musical instruments

This article describes physical modelling techniques that can be used for simulating musical instruments. The methods are closely related to digital signal processing. They discretize the system with respect to time, because the aim is to run the simulation using a computer. The physics-based modelling methods can be classified as mass–spring, modal, wave digital, finite difference, digital waveguide and source–filter models. We present the basic theory and a discussion on possible extensions for each modelling technique. For some methods, a simple model example is chosen from the existing literature demonstrating a typical use of the method. For instance, in the case of the digital waveguide modelling technique a vibrating string model is discussed, and in the case of the wave digital filter technique we present a classical piano hammer model. We tackle some nonlinear and time-varying models and include new results on the digital waveguide modelling of a nonlinear string. Current trends and future directions in physical modelling of musical instruments are discussed.
Crafting Information Technology Governance

Abstract Information Technology (IT) governance has emerged as a fundamental business imperative, and rightfully so, because it is key to realizing IT business value. IT governance describes the distribution of IT decision-making rights and responsibilities among different stakeholders in the enterprise, and defines the procedures and mechanisms for making and monitoring strategic IT decisions. This article presents a holistic view of IT governance, in which structural, process, and relational capabilities are an integral part of an effective IT governance architecture. the article concludes with an IT Governance Assessment Process (ITGAP) model, with which business and IT executives can assess the effectiveness of their company's current IT governance architecture.
Acetobacter tropicalis Is a Major Symbiont of the Olive Fruit Fly (Bactrocera oleae)

ABSTRACT Following cultivation-dependent and -independent techniques, we investigated the microbiota associated with Bactrocera oleae, one of the major agricultural pests in olive-producing countries. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene libraries and ultrastructural analyses revealed the presence of several bacterial taxa associated with this insect, among which Acetobacter tropicalis was predominant. The recent increased detection of acetic acid bacteria as symbionts of other insect model organisms, such as Anopheles stephensi (G. Favia et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104:9047-9051, 2007) or Drosophila melanogaster (C. R. Cox and M. S. Gilmore, Infect. Immun. 75:1565-1576, 2007), prompted us to investigate the association established between A. tropicalis and B. oleae. Using an A. tropicalis-specific PCR assay, the symbiont was detected in all insects tested originating from laboratory stocks or field-collected from different locations in Greece. This acetic acid bacterium was successfully established in cell-free medium, and typing analyses, carried out on a collection of isolates, revealed that different A. tropicalis strains are present in fly populations. The capability to colonize and lodge in the digestive system of both larvae and adults and in Malpighian tubules of adults was demonstrated by using a strain labeled with a green fluorescent protein.
Composite Multiclass Losses

We consider loss functions for multiclass prediction problems. We show when a multiclass loss can be expressed as a "proper composite loss", which is the composition of a proper loss and a link function. We extend existing results for binary losses to multiclass losses. We determine the stationarity condition, Bregman representation, order-sensitivity, existence and uniqueness of the composite representation for multiclass losses. We subsume existing results on "classification calibration" by relating it to properness and show that the simple integral representation for binary proper losses can not be extended to multiclass losses.
DOES CONTEXT AFFECT STAFFING DECISIONS? THE CASE OF GENERAL MANAGERS

A resource dependency framework (Pfeffer & Salancik, 1978) is applied to general manager (GM) selection decisions. Hypotheses are developed predicting associations between organizational contextual features (environmental instability, strategy, organizational performance, size) and background characteristics of GMs selected to head business units (organizational familiarity, functional experience, age). Data were collected on 40 recent GM selection decisions. Findings indicate that organizational contextual features influence the type of GM selected. Key results are that industry instability, organizational strategy, and organizational size were associated with GMs’organizational familiarity (i.e., tenure levels), and that organizational strategy was associated with the age of selected GMs. This study provides support for the application of a contingency perspective to human resource management.
Phishing detection taxonomy for mobile device

Phishing is one of the social engineering attacks and currently hit on mobile devices. Based on security report by Lookout [1], 30% of Lookout users clicking on an unsafe link per year by using mobile device. Few phishing detection techniques have been applied on mobile device. However, review on phishing detection technique on the detection technique redundant is still need. This paper addresses the current trend phishing detection for mobile device and identifies significant criterion to improve phishing detection techniques on mobile device. Thus, existing research on phishing detection technique for computer and mobile device will be compared and analysed. Hence, outcome of the analysis becomes a guideline in proposing generic phishing detection taxonomy for mobile device.
Social Isolation and Social Support: An Applied Perspective

Considerable empirical evidence substantiates the importance of social networks and support to health and well-being among the elderly. But considerably more research is necessary before successful interventions can be more generally implemented to positively alter an elder's network. In this article, the authors discuss social supportand isolationfrom an appliedperspective. They have combined presentations originally made at a National Institute on Aging-sponsored symposium on applied gerontology held in August 1992. They make some general observations concerning the field of applied social relations in later life, describe the mental health aspects of these relations, list some fundamental principles and existing technology for this field, describe the use of a brief screening instrument for social isolation developed by one of the authors (Lubben), and explore varying domains of knowledge concerning elder soical relations. They conclude by outlining some areas that they see as requiring the attention of an applications perspective to social support and isolation m the near future.
Thai Transgenders in Focus: Their Beliefs About Attitudes Towards and Origins of Transgender

ABSTRACT One hundred and ninety-five transgendered females (i.e., male-to-female trans-genders (or MtF TGs)), with a mean age of 25.4 years, completed a questionnaire examining, inter alia, their beliefs about (a) attitudes (of parents and society) towards them (and to MtF TGs in general); and (b) origins of their own MTF TG status. According to our participants, 62.9% of mothers and 40.6% of fathers accepted or encouraged their child's transgender from its first expression. Many with misgivings became more positive as time went on. According to 40.7% of our participants, Thai people overall held similarly favourable attitudes towards MtF TGs. Many of our participants cited multiple origins for their transgender. Nearly 84% believed inborn biology had played a role. Friends and karma were also commonly endorsed as explanatory factors (50% and 48.4% respectively). Parents, siblings, and other relatives were less commonly cited (30.3%, 24.1%, and 22.2%, respectively). Cluster analysis revealed that, based on their beliefs, 97.1% of the sample could be divided into three groups. Most (61.2%) fell into a ‘biogenic’group, emphasising the role played by inborn biology, while 29.4% believed took a ‘peer psychogenic’ view, emphasising the role played by friends in the development of their transgender. A small ‘eclectic’ group (6.5%) believed that biology, karma, and parents combined to account for their transgender.
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The Effects of Television Consumption on Social Perceptions: The Use of Priming Procedures to Investigate Psychological Processes

Two studies investigated the extent to which heavy television viewing affects consumers perceptions of social reality and the cognitive processes that underlie these effects. Both studies found evidence heavy viewers beliefs about social reality are more consistent with the content of television programming than are those of light viewers. The use of a priming methodology provided support for the notion that television is a causal factor in the formation of these beliefs and that a failure to discount television-based exemplars in forming these beliefs accounts for its influence. Implications of these results for a heuristic processing model of television effects are discussed. Copyright 1998 by the University of Chicago.
A Search for Context-Stimulus Associations in Latent Inhibition

Six experiments investigated the effects of pre-exposure to a tone on the subsequent acquisition of conditioned suppression by rats. In Experiments 1–3 the response suppressed was drinking; in Experiments 4–6 it was food-rewarded lever pressing. Repeated exposure to the tone resulted in latent inhibition, i.e., a retardation in the acquisition of suppression. The size of the latent inhibition effect was reduced when a different context was used for conditioning from that used for pre-exposure (Experiment 2). When the context remained the same throughout, a phase of exposure to the context alone, interposed between pre-exposure and conditioning, had no influence on the size of the latent inhibition effect ultimately observed. This last result casts doubt upon Wagner's (1976, 1979) theory of the role of contextual factors in latent inhibition, and alternative accounts are considered.
Motor Performance and Rhythmic Perception of Children with Intellectual and Developmental Disability and Developmental Coordination Disorder.

Professionals who work with children presenting intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are concerned with their motor development and their rhythmic perception. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between a motor performance test and a music rhythmic test that measures performance of rhythmic perception in tactile, auditory, auditory-visual, auditory-visual-tactile sensory conditions. Participants were 19 children, ten with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) and nine with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), their age ranging between 5 to 12 years. The results confirmed numerous links between motor performance scores and rhythmic perception scores. These findings are in line with previous theoretical standpoints and empirical research. However, further research is needed to determine the exact relationship between suggested motor performance factors and rhythmic perception factors.