Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Tissue Expanders in an Anophthalmic Animal Model

A study of orbital bony expansion using a custom tissue expander was performed in the anophthalmic cat model. Twelve 6-week-old kittens underwent right unilateral enucleations. Six kittens had immediate insertion of a tissue expander into the orbit. The remaining six served as controls. Every 2 weeks 0.5 cc saline was injected into the expander to a maximum of 5 cc. External horizontal and vertical orbital dimensions were obtained by palpation technique weekly. All animals had preoperative and study conclusion head CT scans with three-dimensional reconstructions performed. Dry skull preparations were done at the study conclusion at 24 weeks. Results demonstrated that tissue expanders were successful in maintaining normal orbital growth and size relative to the contralateral control orbit. The animals with enucleation only had an average difference in vertical and horizontal orbital measurements of −27 and −13 percent when compared with the contralateral normal orbit. In contrast, the enucleation and tissue-expansion animals had vertical and horizontal measurements of +4 and +2 percent (p < 0.05) when compared with the contralateral orbit. Head CT scans with three-dimensional reconstructions demonstrated normal orbital geometry and volume for the animals with tissue expanders, whereas animals with enucleation only had small hypoplastic orbits. In conclusion, orbital tissue expanders offer a promising new technique in the treatment of anophthalmos.
Redundancy and Early Retirement: The Interaction of Public and Private Policy in Britain, Germany and the USA

Labour force reductions have been a major issue in industrial relations in Western countries since the mid-1970s. Early retirement has enabled employers to structure these reductions better to suit their interests, and to reduce the damage to industrial peace which would otherwise occur. This paper looks at the role and nature of early retirement in cases of redundancy in three countries with different industrial relations and social insurance systems. Attention is given to how compensatory policies undermine protective policies; how the costs of early retirement are shared between the state and enterprises; the adequacy of early retirement benefits and their impact upon post-retirement income; and whether the state can be said to encourage early retirement.
[P-JAK2 and P-STAT3 protein expression and cell apoptosis following focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes in phosphorylated JAK2 and STAT3 protein expression of and cell apoptosis following focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. METHODS A rat models of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion using modified filament method. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of P-JAK2 and P-STAT3 proteins, and TUNEL assay was employed to examine the cell apoptosis. RESULTS P-JAK2 and P-STAT3 protein expression increased significantly after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. The immunoreactivity was prominent in the peripheral of the ischemic region and reached the peak level at 24 h of reperfusion, followed by slight decrement. The apoptotic cells increased obviously after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, also reaching the peak level at 24 h of reperfusion. CONCLUSION The expression of phosphorylated JAK2 and STAT3 may be involved in the ischemic cellular events including apoptosis. JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway plays a role in the pathophysiological process of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion cell injury and repair.
Determinants of ADR Returns before and after Domestic Stock Seasoned Equity Offerings: Evidence from Asian and Latin American Emerging Markets

Abstract This paper examines the critical determinants of American depository receipt (ADR) returns before and after domestic stock seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) for Asian and Latin American emerging economies during 1990–2007, which has never been probed in related issues. We employ the Time Series Cross Section Regressions and General Method of Moments methods to document that domestic stock returns play a vital role in explaining Latin American ADR returns, while US investor sentiment is crucial in explaining Asian ADR returns. Local investor sentiment is found to be considerably important than domestic stock returns in Asian ADR returns, while Latin American local investor sentiment (US investor sentiment) is more important before (after) domestic stock SEOs. The results do not support the view that ADR-reconciled earnings per share (EPS) and stock EPS provide significant information to explain ADR returns in Latin American and Asian emerging markets both before and after SEOs. Furthermore, interna.
Paralleling of 3-phase 4-wire DC-AC Inverters Using Repetitive Control

Constant frequency inverters, such as the 60Hz 120V UPS or the 208V 3-phase power system may be paralleled with the utility for backup power or paralleled with similar supplies to increase output capabilities. Previous research has addressed paralleling 3-phase 4-wire inverters. This paper will examine the parallel operation of 2 similar 3-phase 4-wire inverters using repetitive control. Repetitive control is a technique which takes advantage of the fixed frequency to reduce periodic disturbances. This type of control provides further benefits when paralleling supplies.
Timing the Disclosure of Information: Management's View of Earnings Announcements

Do managers think the timing of earnings announcements is significant? We surveyed top management on issues pertaining to this question and report the results in this article. About 50% of the firms responding maintain a fixed earnings announcement schedule (they release information on the second Friday after the close of a quarter, for example). Firms that vary announcement timing report that earnings levels that are unexpected have the most impact on the timing decision. Lower-than-expected earnings are more likely than higher-than-expected earnings to prompt a change in timing, and change of announcement date tends to happen more often than change in the time of release during the day. It is interesting that the pending release of economic or market information plays little role in determining when to announce earnings. Sample partitioning reveals that small firms and NASDAQ-traded firms are more likely to change announcement schedules than large firms or firms trading on the NYSE. These results may be interesting to analysts who might consider the timing of earnings announcements to be important information, to managers who may wonder whether timing of information disclosure is a common practice among their peers, and to academicians who can compare these survey results to other findings.
Intellectual capital disclosure, corporate governance structure and firm value in Indonesian banking industry

This paper, using data from 31 banks listed in Indonesia, investigates the relationship of corporate governance structure on firm value with intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) as an mediating variable. The results show that the proportion of independent board and audit committee is positively associated with firm value, while the proportion of independent commissioner, educational background in accounting or finance is negatively associated with firm value; proportion of independent board, audit committee size, proportion of independent audit committee and the educational background of financial accounting or audit committee are positively associated with ICD, as well as disclosure of IC has a positive effect on firm value. Further findings based on the results of path analysis show corporate governance structure affects firm value through ICD.
Redefining the field of European human resource management: A battle between national mindsets and forces of business transition?

This article examines the conflict between cultural heritage and the current forces of global competition in Europe. The nature of management in European organizations is in a state of transition, influenced by competing forces of economic, social, and political integration or disintegration. A review of European research is used to question the idealistic picture of the Single European Market as a unifying force that will simplify international human resource management in multinationals. Taking a comparative rather than international human resource management perspective, the paper identifies the factors that have created national patterns of HRM within Europe. A dynamic and comparative ‘force field framework’ of HRM is developed in order to understand the managerial frames of reference that are currently guiding the field. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Stroke in Developing Countries: Epidemiology, Impact and Policy Implications

The burden of stroke and other non-communicable diseases has risen sharply in developing countries in recent years. This article provides a detailed review of this trend and its underlying causes, and discusses the social and economic effects of stroke and the scope for interventions to reduce incidence and mitigate impacts. It demonstrates that policy-makers have been slow to recognise the growing scale of the challenge, and argues for large-scale public health campaigns focused on primary and secondary prevention.
Compliance with dietary and nutrient recommendations in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Granada cohort at recruitment.

BACKGROUND The overall intake of energy and nutrients in the Granada EPIC-cohort (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) is examined in order to assess compliance with the Spanish Nutritional Objectives (NO) and the Recommended Intakes (RI). METHODS During recruitment (1992-1996), 7,789 participants, aged 35-69, were asked about diet through a validated diet history questionnaire. Nutrient intake is compared to the NO and RI that were valid at that time. Risk of inadequate intake is estimated as the percentage of the sample with intakes: ≤ 1/3 RI (high risk), ≤ 2/3 RI- > 1/3 RI (moderate risk), ≤ RI- > 2/3 RI, > RI. Differences in intakes have been analyzed by sex and age, and by smoking status and BMI. RESULTS The daily intake of nutrients did not meet the NO as the total contribution of energy from proteins and fats exceeded these guidelines. Whilst intake of most nutrients was above the RI, the amount of iron, magnesium and vitamins D and E provided by the diet was not enough to meet the RI: in women aged 20-49 years, about 55% were at moderate risk for iron inadequacy, and a 20% of women for magnesium. Both sexes were at high risk of inadequacy for vitamin D, although sunlight exposure may supply adequate amounts. Never smokers showed a higher compliance to the NO. CONCLUSION At recruitment, the nutrient profile of the diet was unbalanced. The observed nutrient inadequacy for iron, magnesium and vitamin E might be attributed to inappropriate dietary habits, and may have implications for future disease risk.
Inflation, Output, and Money

This paper uses money-demand theory and a rational-expectations version of the quantity theory of money to study inflation in the United States during the post-Korean War period. The major results are as follows. 1. The theory and tests explain the phenomenon of stagflation, that is, the negative relation between inflation and real activity observed during the post-1953 period. The analysis calls into question the many variants of the Phillips curve which presume that inflation-real activity relations are positive. 2. Consistent with the models of Patinkin (1961) and Fama (1980), monthly, quarterly, and annual data indicate that the base (currency plus reserves held against deposits) is the relevant monetary variable in the inflation process and that demand deposits are irrelevant. The direct policy implication is that the base is the key monetary variable in the control of inflation. 3. The most convincing evidence for the simple quantity-theory view of inflation proposed here comes from the comparison of the conditional exMoney-demand theory and the quantity theory of money are used to study the inflation process. As predicted by the model, monthly, quarterly, and annual data indicate that inflation is positively related to money growth rates and negatively related to growth rates of real activity. The theoretical and empirical origins of stagflation are explained, and changes in monetary arrangements to simplify the control of inflation are prescribed.
Dividend Innovations and Stock Price Volatility

This paper establishes an inequality that may be used to test the null hypothesis that a stock price equals the expected present discounted value of its dividend stream, with a constant discount rate. The inequality states that if this hypothesis is true, the variance of the innovation in the stock price is bounded above by a certain function of the variance in the innovation in the dividend. The bound is valid even if prices and dividends are nonstationary.The inequality is used to test the null hypothesis, for some long term annual U.S. stock price data. The null is decisively rejected, with the stock price innovation variance exceeding its theoretical upper bound by a factor of as much as twenty. The rejection is highly significant statistically. Regression diagnostics and some informal analysis suggest that the results are more consistent with there being speculative bubbles in the U.S. stock market than with a failure of the rational expectations or constant discount rate hypothesis.
FLT PET-CT in evaluation of treatment response

Purpose: Review published studies to investigate the value of clinical 3-deoxy-3-18F-fluorothymidine (FLT) positron emission tomography (PET) in predicting response to treatment. Materials and Methods: Interrogate databases to identify suitable publications between 2007 and 2013 with a minimum of five patients. Articles within the inclusion criteria were reviewed with major findings reported leading to a descriptive analysis of FLT PET in therapy response. Results: Lesions investigated included glioma, head and neck, esophageal, lung, breast, gastric, renal, rectal, sarcomas, germ cell, lymphomas, leukemia, and melanoma resulting in a total of 34 studies analyzed. A variety of therapies were applied and dissimilar PET protocols were widespread making direct comparison between studies challenging. Though baseline, early and late therapy scans were popular particularly in chemotherapy regimes. Most studies investigated showed significantly reduced FLT uptake during or after therapy compared with pretreatment scans. Conclusion: Current evidence suggests FLT PET has a positive role to play in predicting therapy response especially in brain, lung, and breast cancers where good correlation with Ki-67 is observed. However, careful attention must be placed in undertaking larger clinical trials where harmonization of scanning and analysis protocols are strictly adhered to fully assess the true potential of FLT PET in predicting response to treatment.
The Drivers of Multinational Enterprise Subsidiary Entrepreneurship in China: A New Resource‐Based View Perspective

This paper extends the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm, as applied to multinational enterprises (MNEs), by distinguishing between two critical resource dimensions, namely relative resource superiority (capabilities) and slack. Both dimensions, in concert with specific environmental conditions, are required to increase entrepreneurial activities. We propose distinct configurations (three-way moderation effects) of capabilities, slack, and environmental factors (i.e. dynamism and hostility) to explain entrepreneurship. Using survey data from 66 Canadian subsidiaries operating in China, we find that higher subsidiary entrepreneurship requires both HR slack and strong downstream capabilities in subsidiaries, subject to the industry environment being dynamic and benign. However, high HR slack alone, in a dynamic and benign environment, but without the presence of strong capabilities, actually triggers the fewest initiatives, with HR slack redirected from entrepreneurial experimentation towards complacency and inefficiency. This paper has major implications for MNEs seeking to increase subsidiary entrepreneurship in fast growing emerging markets.
Androgens and Diabetes in Men

OBJECTIVE—Low levels of androgens in men may play a role in the development of diabetes; however, few studies have examined the association between androgen concentration and diabetes in men in the general population. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that low normal levels of total, free, and bioavailable testosterone are associated with prevalent diabetes in men. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The study sample included 1,413 adult men aged ≥20 years who participated in the morning session of the first phase of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the U.S. Bioavailable and free testosterone levels were calculated from serum total testosterone, sex hormone–binding globulin, and albumin concentrations. RESULTS—In multivariable models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, and adiposity, men in the first tertile (lowest) of free testosterone level were four times more likely to have prevalent diabetes compared with men in the third tertile (odds ratio 4.12 [95% CI 1.25–13.55]). Similarly, men in the first tertile of bioavailable testosterone also were approximately four times as likely to have prevalent diabetes compared wth men in the third tertile (3.93 [1.39–11.13]). These associations persisted even after excluding men with clinically abnormal testosterone concentrations defined as total testosterone <3.25 ng/ml or free testosterone <0.07 ng/ml. No clear association was observed for total testosterone after multivariable adjustment (P for trend across tertiles = 0.27). CONCLUSIONS—Low free and bioavailable testosterone concentrations in the normal range were associated with diabetes, independent of adiposity. These data suggest that low androgen levels may be a risk factor for diabetes in men.
Cerebral Physiologic Effects of Burst Suppression Doses of Propofol During Nonpulsatile Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Central nervous system (CNS) complications are common after cardiac surgery.Death due to cardiac causes has decreased, but the number of deaths due to CNS injury has increased. As a first stage in the evaluation of its cerebral protection potential, we evaluated the cerebral physiologic effects of burst suppression doses of propofol during nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass. Thirty patients without history of cerebral vascular disease were randomized to two study groups: control group (n = 15) who received sufentanil and vecuronium, or propofol group (n = 15) who received the control anesthetic and propofol infused to maintain electroencephalogram (EEG) burst suppression. Catheters were placed in the radial artery and right jugular bulb for sampling of systemic arterial and jugular bulb venous blood.133 Xe clearance was used to determine cerebral blood flow (CBF) at the start of normothermic bypass, during stable hypothermia, and when rewarmed to 35-37 degrees C nasopharyngeal temperature. Pharmacologic burst suppression with propofol produced a statistically significant reduction in CBF, cerebral oxygen delivery (DO2), and cerebral metabolic rate (CMRO2) at each measurement interval (P < 0.05 vs control). Cerebral arterial venous oxygen difference (C(a-V)O2), and jugular bulb venous oxygen saturation (SJVO2) were not statistically different between groups, indicating maintenance of cerebral metabolic autoregulation (coupling). The reduction in CBF and CMRO2, prominent during the normothermic phases of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), indicates a potential for propofol to reduce cerebral exposure to the embolic load during CPB. (Anesth Analg 1995;81:452-7)
Offshoring and Improvisational Learning: Empirical Insights into Developing Global R&D Capabilities

This study examines how global research and development (R&D) capabilities develop through improvisational learning. Using empirical insights from two large Swedish multinational companies and their early learning from establishing a captive R&D offshore unit in Bangalore, India, we use multicase inductive analysis to identify how companies cope with challenge related to coordinating R&D across geographically dispersed units through improvisational learning. Using a cooperative stage model analysis, we explain how improvisational learning occurs during the setup, start-up and ongoing stages of establishing captive R&D offshoring operations. We find that improvisational actions lead to developing routines as a response to solving unexpected coordination challenges and help explain how global R&D capabilities develop.
The Anatomic Relevance of the Haller Cell in Sinusitis

In current theories of sinusitis, obstruction at the ostiomeatal complex leads to localized inflammation and infection. Haller cells, an extension of ethmoid pneumatization along the maxillary antrum roof, have also been suggested as a causative factor in sinusitis because of their ability to cause narrowing of the infundibulum. Coronal CT scans were reviewed in 154 patients to evaluate the role of Haller cells in sinusitis. Haller cells were present in 34% of patients. The cells were graded as small, medium, or large, and correlated with radiologic evidence of sinusitis (e.g., mucosal thickening or opacification). A statistically significant increase in maxillary sinus mucosal disease was noted in patients with medium or large Haller cells (45.8%) versus those with small cells (28.9%, p < 0.05). Thus obstructive medium and large Haller cells may be an etiologic factor in sinusitis.
EXPLAINING GENDER INEQUITY IN THE NEW ZEALAND ACCOUNTING PROFESSION

Abstract A postal questionnaire to members of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of New Zealand investigates the current state of gender equity within the accounting profession. Females are found to hold lower job status and be remunerated less than their male counterparts, due to fewer years of work experience and lower career aspirations. These appear to be the major influences on job status. Lower weekly working hours and discrimination also contribute to their lower job status. Compared to other female accountants, higher status women show a greater desire for responsibility and are more competitive. In the male accountant sample the higher achievers work longer hours and are subject to less discrimination. The results are discussed with reference to a comprehensive framework encompassing attributes, structure and attitudes, and their interactions.
Determinants of marketing adaptation/globalisation practices of Australian exporting firms

This paper presents the findings of a study that used discriminant analysis to identify the extent to which various environmental variables as well as organisational and marketing variables influence the level of marketing adaptation practices of Australian exporting companies in foreign markets. This study is necessary because, although many prescriptive text books have put forward various factors that may influence the degree of globalisation/adaptation practices in organisations, little or no empirical research – particularly in Australia, has been directed towards identifying the major environmental, organisational and marketing factors that differentiate organisations with a high level of marketing adaptation from organisations with a low level of marketing adaptation.
Excipients for Direct Compaction—an Update

In 1996, Bolhuis and Chowhan compiled a review of excipients that were used for the direct compaction of tablets. This article updates that review because since that time there has been considerable activity in this area. New single component and coprocessed filler-binders have been introduced. In addition, there have been advances in the understanding of how such substances act and hence how they can be optimally designed.