Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Malignant melanoma in pregnancy.

CASE HISTORY A 32-year-old primagravida with no significant past medical history attended for booking at 13 weeks' amenorrhoea. She had used a combined oral contraceptive pill for four years until approximately six months prior to conception. She smoked 10 cigarettes per day. She received shared antenatal care which was uneventful until the spontaneous onset of labour at 38 weeks' gestation. After a seven-hour labour with epidural anaesthesia she had a vacuum extraction of a live male infant weighing 2835g. On the first day of the puerperium, routine examination of the patient revealed a 1-cm-diameter pigmented lesion on the lateral aspect of the left lower calf. On further enquiry this lesion had been present for many years but during the pregnancy it had enlarged slightly. There was no associated irritation, pain nor bleeding. This lesion was clinically suspicious of a malignant melanoma. There was no lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly nor bony tenderness and the lung fields were clinically normal. On the fourth post-partum day, excisional biopsy was carried out under general anaesthesia, and histology revealed a malignant melanoma. On the sixth postpartum day, the site of the lesion was widely excised and the defect covered by a split skin graft from the right thigh. Prophylactic heparin, 5000 IU twice daily, was administered until the patient was fully mobile. Histological examination revealed
Insight into centromere-binding properties of ParB proteins: a secondary binding motif is essential for bacterial genome maintenance

ParB proteins are one of the three essential components of partition systems that actively segregate bacterial chromosomes and plasmids. In binding to centromere sequences, ParB assembles as nucleoprotein structures called partition complexes. These assemblies are the substrates for the partitioning process that ensures DNA molecules are segregated to both sides of the cell. We recently identified the sopC centromere nucleotides required for binding to the ParB homologue of plasmid F, SopB. This analysis also suggested a role in sopC binding for an arginine residue, R219, located outside the helix-turn-helix (HTH) DNA-binding motif previously shown to be the only determinant for sopC-specific binding. Here, we demonstrated that the R219 residue is critical for SopB binding to sopC during partition. Mutating R219 to alanine or lysine abolished partition by preventing partition complex assembly. Thus, specificity of SopB binding relies on two distinct motifs, an HTH and an arginine residue, which define a split DNA-binding domain larger than previously thought. Bioinformatic analysis over a broad range of chromosomal ParBs generalized our findings with the identification of a non-HTH positively charged residue essential for partition and centromere binding, present in a newly identified highly conserved motif. We propose that ParB proteins possess two DNA-binding motifs that form an extended centromere-binding domain, providing high specificity.
A Theory of Intergenerational Mobility

We study the link between market forces, cross-sectional inequality, and intergenerational mobility. Emphasizing complementarities in the production of human capital, we show that wealthy parents invest, on average, more in their offspring than poorer ones. As a result, economic status persists across generations even in a world with perfect capital markets and without differences in innate ability. In fact, under certain conditions, successive generations of the same family may cease to regress toward the mean. We also consider how short- and long-run mobility are affected by changes in the returns to human capital.
Nic96p is required for nuclear pore formation and functionally interacts with a novel nucleoporin, Nup188p

The amino-terminal domain of Nic96p physically interacts with the Nsp1p complex which is involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport. Here we show that thermosensitive mutations mapping in the central domain of Nic96p inhibit nuclear pore formation at the nonpermissive temperature. Furthermore, the carboxyterminal domain of Nic96p functionally interacts with a novel nucleoporin Nup188p in an allele-specific fashion, and when ProtA-Nup188p was affinity purified, a fraction of Nic96p was found in physical interaction. Although NUP188 is not essential for viability, a null mutant exhibits striking abnormalities in nuclear envelope and nuclear pore morphology. We propose that Nic96p is a multivalent protein of the nuclear pore complex linked to several nuclear pore proteins via its different domains.
A Tool for Brain Magnetic Resonance Image Segmentation

This paper is dedicated to a brain magnetic resonance images regularization method, preserving grey/white matter edges using rotating smoothing filters. After a preprocessing, the originality of this approach resides in the mixing of ideas coming both from pixel classification which determines roughly if a pixel belongs to a homogenous region or an edge and an anisotropic edge detector which computes two precise diffusion directions. These directions are used by an anisotropic diffusion scheme which is accurately controlled near edges and corners. Comparing our results with existing algorithms allows us to validate the robustness of our method.
An expressively complete linear time temporal logic for Mazurkiewicz traces

A basic result concerning LTL, the propositional temporal logic of linear time is that it is expressively complete; it is equal in expressive power to the first order theory of sequences. We present here a smooth extension of this result to the class of partial orders known as Mazurkiewicz traces. These partial orders arise in a variety of contexts in concurrency theory and they provide the conceptual basis for many of the partial order reduction methods that have been developed in connection with LTL-specifications. We show that LTrL, our linear time temporal logic, is equal in expressive power to the first order theory of traces when interpreted over (finite and) infinite traces. This result fills a prominent gap in the existing logical theory of infinite traces. LTrL also provides a syntactic characterisation of the so called trace consistent (robust) LTL-specifications. These are specifications expressed as LTL formulas that do not distinguish between different linearisations of the same trace and hence are amenable to partial order reduction methods.
Utilizing the Exergy Concept to Address Environmental Challenges of Electric Systems

Theoretically, the concepts of energy, entropy, exergy and embodied energy are founded in the fields of thermodynamics and physics. Yet, over decades these concepts have been applied in numerous fields of science and engineering, playing a key role in the analysis of processes, systems and devices in which energy transfers and energy transformations occur. The research reported here aims to demonstrate, in terms of sustainability, the usefulness of the embodied energy and exergy concepts for analyzing electric devices which convert energy, particularly the electromagnet. This study relies on a dualist view, incorporating technical and environmental dimensions. The information provided by energy assessments is shown to be less useful than that provided by exergy and prone to be misleading. The electromagnet force and torque (representing the driving force of output exergy), accepted as both environmental and technical quantities, are expressed as a function of the electric current and the magnetic field, supporting the view of the necessity of discerning interrelations between science and the environment. This research suggests that a useful step in assessing the viability of electric devices in concert with ecological systems might be to view the magnetic flux density B and the electric current intensity I as environmental parameters. In line with this idea the study encompasses an overview of potential human health risks and effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMFs) caused by the operation of electric systems. It is concluded that exergy has a significant role to play in evaluating and increasing the efficiencies of electrical technologies and systems. This article also aims to demonstrate the need for joint efforts by researchers in electric and environmental engineering, and in medicine and health fields, for enhancing knowledge of the impacts of environmental ELF EMFs on humans and other life forms.
Source duration of deep very low frequency earthquakes in western Shikoku, Japan

[1] The source durations of very low frequency earthquakes in western Shikoku, Japan were estimated. Nineteen very low frequency earthquakes were located in this region between 14 and 17 March 2007 that migrated southward with tremor activity. The source durations of four Mw 3.5–3.8 very low frequency earthquakes were estimated by comparing simulated and observed seismograms to be 12–18 s. The ratio of seismic moment and source duration is 1–5 × 1013 Nm/s. This value is several to ten times larger than those in southern Kii, Japan. Such a ratio difference may reflect the nature of very low frequency earthquake between these regions. If a stress drop of 0.003–3 MPa is assumed, then the slip propagation velocity of very low frequency earthquakes ranges from several tens to several hundreds of m/s.
Improving Dependency Parsing with Fined-Grained Features

In this paper, we present a simple and effective fine-grained feature generation scheme for dependency parsing. We focus on the problem of grammar representation, introducing fine-grained features by splitting various POS tags to different degrees using HowNet hierarchical semantic knowledge. To prevent the oversplitting, we adopt a threshold-constrained bottomup strategy to merge the derived subcategories. We conduct the experiments on the Penn Chinese Treebank. The results show that, with the fine-grained features, we can improve the dependency parsing accuracies by 0.52% (absolute) for the unlabeledfirst-order parser, and in the case of second-order parser, we can improve the dependency parsing accuracies by 0.61% (absolute).
Transcriptional Protein Sp1 Regulates LEDGF Transcription by Directly Interacting with Its Cis-Elements in GC-Rich Region of TATA-Less Gene Promoter

LEDGF/p75 interacts with DNA/protein to regulate gene expression and function. Despite the recognized diversity of function of LEDGF/p75, knowledge of its transregulation is in its infancy. Here we report that LEDGF/p75 gene is TATA-less, contains GC-rich cis elements and is transcriptionally regulated by Sp1 involving small ubiquitin-like modifier (Sumo1). Using different cell lines, we showed that Sp1 overexpression increased the level of LEDGF/p75 protein and mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent fashion. In contrast, RNA interference depletion of intrinsic Sp1 or treatment with artemisinin, a Sp1 inhibitor, reduced expression of LEDGF/p75, suggesting Sp1-mediated regulation of LEDGF/p75. In silico analysis disclosed three evolutionarily conserved, putative Sp1 sites within LEDGF/p75 proximal promoter (−170/+1 nt). DNA-binding and transactivation assays using deletion and point mutation constructs of LEDGF/p75 promoter-CAT revealed that all Sp1 sites (−50/−43, −109/−102 and −146/−139) differentially regulate LEDGF/p75. Cotransfection studies with Sp1 in Drosophila cells that were Sp1-deficient, showed increased LEDGF/p75 transcription, while in lens epithelial cells (LECs) promoter activity was inhibited by artemisinin. These events were correlated with levels of endogenous Sp1-dependent LEDGF/p75 expression, and higher resistance to UVB-induced cell death. ChIP and transactivation assays showed that Sumoylation of Sp1 repressed its transcriptional activity as evidenced through its reduced binding to GC-box and reduced ability to activate LEDGF/p75 transcription. As whole, results revealed the importance of Sp1 in regulating expression of LEDGF/p75 gene and add to our knowledge of the factors that control LEDGF/p75 within cellular microenvironments, potentially providing a foundation for LEDGF/p75 expression-based transcription therapy.
[Behavior of selected indicators of lipid metabolism in kidney and liver of rats continuously exposed to effects of cadmium].

In this research, we attempted to demonstrate whether and to what extent chronic cadmium poisoning influences lipid metabolism in the kidney and liver of rats. The presence of small quantities of cadmium was discovered in the kidneys and livers of normal animals. In the tested organs of cadmium-poisoned rats, a significant increase of the concentration of this element was observed, depending on the dose of the compound administered. Regarding lipid components, a reduced concentration of phospholipids and an increased level of free fatty acids were found in both kidney and liver. Such changes are probably the result of enzymatic disorders, especially as regards calmodulin-dependent enzymes. The content of the remaining assayed lipid compounds, i.e. triglycerides and total cholesterol, did not change in either organ under the effects of cadmium.
Sync-MS: synchronized messaging service for real-time multi-player distributed games

Real-time online multi-player games are becoming increasingly popular due to advances in game design and the proliferation of broadband Internet access. However, fairness remains a major challenge when players over large geographic areas participate in a client-server based game together. The paper proposes a game-independent, network-based service, called Sync-MS, that balances the trade-off between response time and fairness. Sync-MS uses two mechanisms, sync-out and sync-in, to address state update fairness and player action fairness, respectively. Two metrics, ahead and behind, measured against the fair order, are defined to-evaluate Sync-MS's fairness performance. Simulation results show that Sync-MS dramatically improves player action fairness for all players while it slightly increases the average response time for players with shorter network delay to the game server.
A summary of the performance and long-term stability of the pre-launch Radiometric Calibration Facility for the Clouds and the Earth'S Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments

The Radiometric Calibration Facility (RCF) at Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems was used between 1995 and 2008 to establish the pre-launch calibration of the first six Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments, with the seventh CERES instrument scheduled to be tested in the RCF in 2012. This paper summarizes the performance of the RCF radiometric standards NFBB (Narrow-field Black-body) and SWRS (Short-wave Reference Source), as well as the RCF TACR (Transfer Active Cavity Radiometer), in the context of the CERES pre-launch calibration process. A detailed investigation of the long-term stability of these standards using 1999–2008 CERES FM5 testing is summarized, showing the RCF sources in the long-wave and short-wave have remained stable relative to the NFBB absolute reference at levels of 0.06% and 0.5%, respectively, over the 8-year span.
O R I G I N a L a R T I C L E Open Access

A psychrotolerant strain of Serratia marcescens (MTCC 4822) produces laccase at wide temperature and pH range Abstract A psychrotolerant bacterial strain of Serratia marcescens, originally isolated from a glacial site in Indian Himalayan Region (IHR), has been investigated for laccase production under different culture conditions. The bacterial strain was found to grow between 4 to 45°C (opt. 25°C) and 3 to 14 pH (opt. 5 pH) on prescribed growth medium, coinciding with production of laccase in laccase producing medium. However, the production of laccase was more consistent toward alkaline pH. Laccase enzyme was partially purified using gel filtration chromatography. The molecular mass of laccase was determined ~53 kDa on native PAGE. The Km and Vmax values were determined to be 0.10 mM and 50.00 μM min −1 , respectively, with ABTS. Inoculum size (4.0% v/v at 1.5 O.D.) resulted in significantly higher production of laccase. Carbon and nitrogen sources also affected the laccase production significantly. All the carbon sources enhanced laccase production, xylose being the best enhancer (P < 0.01). Among nitrogen sources, organic sources were found to act as inhibitors (P < 0.01), and among the inorganic sources only sodium nitrate enhanced the laccase production. Low molecular weight organic solvents significantly (P < 0.01) enhanced laccase production up to 24 h of incubation with a decline in later incubation period. Production of laccase by the psychrotolerant bacterium in wide range of temperature and pH is likely to have inference in biotechnological processes.
Transport of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts in Soil Columns following Applications of Raw and Separated Liquid Slurries

ABSTRACT The potential for the transport of viable Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts through soil to land drains and groundwater was studied using simulated rainfall and intact soil columns which were applied raw slurry or separated liquid slurry. Following irrigation and weekly samplings over a 4-week period, C. parvum oocysts were detected from all soil columns regardless of slurry type and application method, although recovery rates were low (<1%). Soil columns with injected liquid slurry leached 73 and 90% more oocysts compared to columns with injected and surface-applied raw slurries, respectively. Among leachate samples containing oocysts, 44/72 samples yielded viable oocysts as determined by a dye permeability assay (DAPI [4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole]/propidium iodide) with the majority (41%) of viable oocysts found in leachate from soil columns with added liquid slurry. The number of viable oocysts was positively correlated (r = 0.63) with the total number of oocysts found. Destructively sampling of the soil columns showed that type of slurry and irrigation played a role in the vertical distribution of oocysts, with more oocysts recovered from soil columns added liquid slurry irrespective of the irrigation status. Further studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of different slurry separation technologies to remove oocysts and other pathogens, as well as whether the application of separated liquid slurry to agricultural land may represent higher risks for groundwater contamination compared to application of raw slurry.
Face Localization Using an Effective Co-evolutionary Genetic Algorithm

In this paper, a new method for face localization in color images, which is based on co-evolutionary systems, is introduced. The proposed method uses a co-evolutionary system to locate the eyes in a face image. The used coevolutionary system involves two genetic algorithm models. The first GA model searches for a solution in the given environment, and the second GA model searches for useful genetic information in the first GA model. In the next step, by using the location of eyes in image the parameters of face's bounding ellipse (center, orientation, major and minor axis) are computed. To evaluate and compare the proposed method with other methods, high order Pseudo Zernike Moments (PZM) are utilized to produce feature vectors and a Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network is used as the classifier. Simulation results indicate that the speed and accuracy of the new system using the proposed face localization method which uses a co-evolutionary approach is higher than the system proposed in [10].
Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents: Normative Data and Further Evidence of Construct Validity

Replicates and extends prior work with the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) by providing psychometric data, further evidence of construct validity, and large-sample based normative data. Participants were 2,937 students (1,431 boys and 1,506 girls) in Grades 6, 7, 8, 9, and 11. Students completed the SAS-A, the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS), and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Results replicated a three-factor structure for the SAS-A, with good internal consistencies for its subscales. Normative data were subdivided by sex and grade group. Construct validity included replication of prior relations with general anxiety (RCMAS) and depressive symptomatology (CDI). Implications of these results for further use and norming of the SAS-A are discussed.
Choroidal Thickness in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Type Dementia

Aim. To asses both choroidal thickness differences among Alzheimer's type dementia (ATD) patients, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and healthy control (C) subjects and choroidal thickness relationships with cognitive performance. Methods. A total of 246 eyes of 123 people (41 ATD, 38 MCI, and 44 healthy C subjects) were included in this study. Complete ophthalmological and neurological examination was performed in all subjects. Choroidal thicknesses (CT) were measured at seven locations: the fovea, 500-1500-3000 μm temporal and 500-1500-3000 μm nasal to the fovea by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Detailed neurological examination including mini mental state examination (MMSE) test which evaluates the cognitive function was applied to all participants. Results. The ages and genders of all participants were similar in all groups. Compared with healthy C subjects, the CT measurements at all regions were significantly thinner both in patients with ATD and in patients with MCI than in healthy C subjects (p < 0.05). The MMSE scores were significantly different among ATD patients, MCI patients, and healthy C subjects. They were 19.3 ± 1.8, 24.8 ± 0.9, and 27.6 ± 1.2 in ATD, MCI, and healthy controls, respectively (p < 0.001). There were also significant correlation between MMSE score and choroidal thickness at each location (p < 0.05). Conclusions. CT was reduced in ATD patients and MCI patients. Since vascular structures were affected in ATD patients and MCI patients, they had thin CT. Besides CT was correlated with degree of cognitive impairment. Therefore CT may be a new biomarker in diagnosis and follow-up of MCI and ATD patients.
ARISA data from the human gut microbiome can detect individual differences observed by 454 sequencing regardless of binning strategy

ARISA (Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis) is a low-cost technique that allows for the rapid comparison of different microbial environments. In this study, we asked if a set of ARISA profiles can distinguish human microbial environments from one another with the same accuracy as results generated from 454 high throughput DNA sequencing. Using a set of human microbial communities where the sequencing results cluster by subject, we tested how choices made during ARISA data processing influence clustering. We found that choice of clustering methods had a profound effect with Ward's clustering generating profiles the most similar to 454 sequencing. Factors such as bin size, using presence or absence calls and technical replicate manipulation had a negligible effect on clustering. In fact, no established bin sizing method reported in the literature performed significantly different results than simply picking bin intervals at random. We conclude that in an analysis of ARISA data from an ecosystem of sufficient complexity to saturate bins, a careful choice of clustering algorithm is essential whereas differing strategies for choosing bins are likely to have a much less pronounced effect on the outcome of the analysis. As a tool for distinguishing complex microbial communities, ARISA closely approximates the results obtained from DNA sequencing at a fraction of the cost; however ARISA fails to reproduce the sequencing results perfectly.
Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis habitat use and association with cattle

Lee, R. J. and Riley, J. (2001) Morphology, plumage, and habitat of the newly described Cinnabar Hawk-Owl from North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Wilson Bull. 113(1): 17–22. Mauro, I. (2001) Cinnabar Hawk Owl Ninox ios at Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, in December 1998. Forktail 17: 118–119. Rasmussen, P. C. (1999) A new species of hawk-owl Ninox from North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Wilson Bull. 111(4): 457–464.