Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidências de validade do subteste de leitura do teste de desempenho escolar

The school achievement test is a psychopedagogical instrument for children from 1st to 6th grade, assessing broadly learning through three subtests: reading, writing and arithmetic. The goal of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the reading subtest, using principal axes analysis and item response theory to evaluate the internal structure, items difficulty and discrimination. The sample consisted of data from surveys conducted in four Brazilian states (N= 1831). Results indicated that the reading subtest presents evidence of unidimensionality, more accurately assess students with low and medium skill, and discriminates students only through third grade. These results indicate that subtest presents evidence of validity, but requires refinement. Keywords: reading; school achievement test; validity; item response theory; psychological assessment.
High-Speed Scanning in Human Memory

When subjects judge whether a test symbol is contained in a short memorized sequence of symbols, their mean reaction-time increases linearly with the length of the sequence. The linearity and slope of the function imply the existence of an internal serial-comparison process whose average rate is between 25 and 30 symbols per second.
Effect of a fermented milk containing Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173010 on Chinese constipated women.

AIM To investigate the effect of a fermented milk containing Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173010 and yogurt strains (BIO(R)) on adult women with constipation in Beijing. METHODS A total of 135 adult females with constipation were randomly allocated to consume for 2 wk either 100 g of the test fermented milk or 100 g of an acidified milk containing non-living bacteria (control). Stool frequency, defecation condition scores, stool consistency and food intake were recorded at baseline and after 1 and 2 wk in an intention-to-treat population of 126 subjects. In parallel, safety evaluation parameters were performed. RESULTS At baseline, no differences were found between groups. Following consumption of test product, stool frequency was significantly increased after 1 wk (3.5 +/- 1.5 vs 2.4 +/- 0.6, P < 0.01) and 2 wk (4.1 +/- 1.7 vs 2.4 +/- 0.6, P < 0.01), vs baseline. Similarly, after 1 and 2 wk, of test product consumption, defecation condition (1.1 +/- 0.9 vs 1.9 +/- 1.2, P < 0.01 and 0.8 +/- 1.0 vs 1.9 +/- 1.2, P < 0.01, respectively) and stool consistency (1.0 +/- 0.8 vs 1.5 +/- 1.1, P < 0.01 and 0.6 +/- 0.8 vs 1.5 +/- 1.1, P < 0.01, respectively) were significantly improved. Compared with the control group, stool frequency was also significantly increased (3.5 +/- 1.5 vs 2.5 +/- 0.9, P < 0.01 and 4.1 +/- 1.7 vs 2.6 +/- 1.0, P < 0.01, respectively), and defecation condition (1.1 +/- 0.9 vs 1.6 +/- 1.1, P < 0.01 and 0.8 +/- 1.0 vs 1.6 +/- 1.1, P < 0.01, respectively) and stool consistency (1.0 +/- 0.8 vs 1.4 +/- 1.0, P < 0.05 and 0.6 +/- 0.8 vs 1.3 +/- 1.0, P < 0.01, respectively) significantly decreased after 1 and 2 wk of product consumption. During the same period, food intake did not change between the two groups, and safety parameters of the subjects were within normal ranges. CONCLUSION This study suggests a beneficial effect of a fermented milk containing B. lactis DN-173010 on stool frequency, defecation condition and stool consistency in adult women with constipation constipated women after 1 and 2 wk of consumption.
Examining the contribution of Green IT to the objectives of IT departments: Empirical Evidence from German Enterprises

In this article we examine the economic contribution of Green IT to the core competencies of IT organisations. Based on the resource-based view we argue that Green IT influences the resources of an IT organisation thereby improving competencies which lead to competitive advantages. While Green IT’s technical measures as well as its ecological and economic benefits have received considerable attention, no scientific research has been done linking Green IT to core competencies. To determine the contribution of Green IT to core competencies of IT organisation a large scale survey with 116 companies from the German speaking region was conducted. Results were generated using factor and correlation analysis. The outcomes indicate that Green IT contributes to efficient internal operations, relationship management, and market competitiveness. In particular, relationship management plays a major role. These findings contribute to existing knowledge on Green IT and provide practical recommendations for CIOs, IT managers, and environmental officers as well as new opportunities for further research in this field.
Aging and Generational Relations: A Historical and Life Course Perspective

This review explores historical changes in generational relations in American society as they affect adaptation to the later years of life. Following a life course perspective, the review examines changes in the timing of life transitions, in family relations, and in generational and kin assistance and their impact on support in old age. In doing so, it demonstrates the significance of a historical and life course approach to the understanding of generational relations over time. Dispelling prevailing myths about coresidence and generational assistance in the past, the review discusses the circumstances under which nuclear household arrangements were modified and explores patterns of assistance inside and outside the household. It links demographic changes in the timing of life course transitions with patterns of supports to aging parents in the context of changing reciprocities among kin. By comparing two cohorts of adult children in an American community in terms of their supports to aging parents, as well as their attitudes toward generational assistance, the review identifies historical changes in the relations between generations in the larger context of family relations and kin assistance.
Displays of Epistemic Access: Student Responses to Teacher Explanations

This article presents an analysis of classroom encounters in which teachers explain mathematics problems to individual students. In these encounters, the students produce different displays of epistemic access, including displays of knowing and displays of understanding. This article argues in the first place that displays of knowing and displays of understanding are different interactional objects that come in different sequential positions. In the second place, it argues that some sequences have a preference for a claim of epistemic access, while others have a preference for a demonstration.
Perceived Advantages and Disadvantages of Age among Older HIV-Infected Adults

Semistructured interviews were conducted with 63 HIV-infected late middle-age andolder adults (i.e., age 50 or older). An analysis of the narrative material revealed avariety of themes that reflected participants' beliefs about how their older ageadvantaged and/or disadvantaged them in living with this disease. Themes reflectiveof perceived advantages included (1) with age comes wisdom; (2) older people donot feel as cheated; (3) with age comes greater respect for health and life; (4) withage comes patience, contentment, and moderation; (5) older people are less psycho-logically threatened by disability and fatigue; and (6) older people can focus more ontheir own needs. Themes reflective of perceived disadvantages included (1) olderpeople's bodies are more worn down and less resilient, (2) older people are moresocially isolated, (3) older people get less sympathy and are judged more harshly, (4)doctors set higher goals when treating younger patients, and (5) older people are toocompliant and conservative.
Reported Speech and Reported Affect in Child Custody Disputes

This study analyzes mothers’ versus fathers’ versions of events in three cases of audio-recorded child custody disputes in Sweden. We show how the parents use direct reported speech (including self-quotes) and reports of feelings as discursive devices for creating alternative versions with epistemic authority and credibility. Data are in Swedish and English translation.
Osmotic Gradients Induce Bio-Reminiscent Morphological Transformations in Giant Unilamellar Vesicles

We report observations of large-scale, in-plane and out-of-plane membrane deformations in giant uni- and multilamellar vesicles composed of binary and ternary lipid mixtures in the presence of net transvesicular osmotic gradients. The lipid mixtures we examined consisted of binary mixtures of DOPC and DPPC lipids and ternary mixtures comprising POPC, sphingomyelin and cholesterol over a range of compositions – both of which produce co-existing phases for selected ranges of compositions at room temperature under thermodynamic equilibrium. In the presence of net osmotic gradients, we find that the in-plane phase separation potential of these mixtures is non-trivially altered and a variety of out-of-plane morphological remodeling events occur. The repertoire of membrane deformations we observe display striking resemblance to their biological counterparts in live cells encompassing vesiculation, membrane fission and fusion, tubulation and pearling, as well as expulsion of entrapped vesicles from multicompartmental giant unilamellar vesicles through large, self-healing transient pores. These observations suggest that the forces introduced by simple osmotic gradients across membrane boundaries could act as a trigger for shape-dependent membrane and vesicle trafficking activities. We speculate that such coupling of osmotic gradients with membrane properties might have provided lipid-mediated mechanisms to compensate for osmotic stress during the early evolution of membrane compartmentalization in the absence of osmoregulatory protein machinery.
Key Issues in IS Management in Norway: An Empirical Study Based on Q Methodology

Information systems IS departments face many challenges in today's rapidly changing environment. One approach to understanding these challenges is to survey IS managers to elicit what they consider are key issues. Studies of key IS management issues have been conducted for some years in many nations and regions. However, most of these surveys lack a theoretical basis for the selection of key issues. Furthermore, most studies have used a single-round or a multi-round Delphi method. This paper provides an overview of research approaches to key issues studies combined with key issues results from previous research. The paper presents methodological issues and choices for a survey on key issues in IS management which was conducted in Norway. A three step procedure for key issues selection is introduced, and a Q-sort analysis is adopted. The paper presents results from the Q-sort survey and analysis. The highest ranked key issue in Norway, according to the survey, is concerned with improving links between information systems strategy and business strategy.
Global analysis of in vivo Foxa2-binding sites in mouse adult liver using massively parallel sequencing

Foxa2 (HNF3β) is a one of three, closely related transcription factors that are critical to the development and function of the mouse liver. We have used chromatin immunoprecipitation and massively parallel Illumina 1G sequencing (ChIP–Seq) to create a genome-wide profile of in vivo Foxa2-binding sites in the adult liver. More than 65% of the ∼11.5 k genomic sites associated with Foxa2 binding, mapped to extended gene regions of annotated genes, while more than 30% of intragenic sites were located within first introns. 20.5% of all sites were further than 50 kb from any annotated gene, suggesting an association with novel gene regions. QPCR analysis demonstrated a strong positive correlation between peak height and fold enrichment for Foxa2-binding sites. We measured the relationship between Foxa2 and liver gene expression by overlapping Foxa2-binding sites with a SAGE transcriptome profile, and found that 43.5% of genes expressed in the liver were also associated with Foxa2 binding. We also identified potential Foxa2-interacting transcription factors whose motifs were enriched near Foxa2-binding sites. Our comprehensive results for in vivo Foxa2-binding sites in the mouse liver will contribute to resolving transcriptional regulatory networks that are important for adult liver function.
Undetected Recidivism among Rapists and Child Molesters

Although recidivism among dangerous sexual offenders is generally reported to be low, clinical experience suggests otherwise. In order to assess the actual recidivism rate of offenders who commit sexual as saults, we administered to a sample of eighty-three convicted rapists and fifty-four convicted child molesters an anonymous questionnaire in which they were asked a series of questions pertaining to their his tory of sexual offenses. The results indicate that the majority of the offenders had been convicted more than once for a sexual assault. Furthermore, on average, they admitted to having committed two to five times as many sex crimes for which they were not apprehended. This study suggests that dangerous sex offenders usually commit their first sexual assault during adolescence, and that they persist in this criminal behavior, but that the offense has low visibility. For this reason recidivism, as judged by rearrests, is not a dependable measure of rehabilitation of the sexual offender.
Analysis of Fingerprinting Techniques for Tor Hidden Services

The website fingerprinting attack aims to infer the content of encrypted and anonymized connections by analyzing traffic patterns such as packet sizes, their order, and direction. Although it has been shown that no existing fingerprinting method scales in Tor when applied in realistic settings, the case of Tor hidden (onion) services has not yet been considered in such scenarios. Recent works claim the feasibility of the attack in the context of hidden services using limited datasets. In this work, we propose a novel two-phase approach for fingerprinting hidden services that does not rely on malicious Tor nodes. In our attack, the adversary merely needs to be on the link between the client and the first anonymization node. In the first phase, we detect a connection to a hidden service. Once a hidden service communication is detected, we determine the visited hidden service (phase two) within the hidden service universe. To estimate the scalability of our and other existing methods, we constructed the most extensive and realistic dataset of existing hidden services. Using this dataset, we show the feasibility of phase one of the attack and establish that phase two does not scale using existing classifiers. We present a comprehensive comparison of the performance and limits of the state-of-the-art website fingerprinting attacks with respect to Tor hidden services.
Binding of Calmodulin to the D2-Dopamine Receptor Reduces Receptor Signaling by Arresting the G Protein Activation Switch*

Signaling by D2-dopamine receptors in neurons likely proceeds in the presence of Ca2+ oscillations. We describe here the biochemical basis for a cross-talk between intracellular Ca2+ and the D2 receptor. By activation of calmodulin (CaM), Ca2+ directly inhibits the D2 receptor; this conclusion is based on the following observations: (i) The receptor contains a CaM-binding motif in the NH2-terminal end of the third loop, a domain involved in activating Gi/o. A peptide fragment encompassing this domain (D2N) bound dansylated CaM in a Ca2+-dependent manner (KD ∼ 0.1 μm). (ii) Activation of purified Gαi1 by D2N, and D2receptor-promoted GTPγS (guanosine 5′-(3-O-thio)triphosphate) binding in membranes was suppressed by Ca2+/CaM (IC50 ∼ 0.1 μm). (iii) If Ca2+ influx was elicited in D2 receptor-expressing HEK293 cells, agonist-dependent inhibition of cAMP formation decreased. This effect was not seen with other Gi-coupled receptors (A1-adenosine and Mel1A-melatonin receptor). (iv) The D2 receptor was retained by immobilized CaM and radiolabeled CaM was co-immunoprecipitated with the receptor. Specifically, inhibition by CaM does not result from uncoupling the D2 receptor from its cognate G protein(s); rather, CaM directly targets the D2 receptor to block the receptor-operated G protein activation switch.
Differential Regulation of Cyclin D1 and D3 Expression in the Control of Astrocyte Proliferation Induced by Endothelin‐1

Abstract: We have previously shown that the mitogenic effect of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) in primary astrocytes is dependent on activation of both extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)‐ and cytoskeleton (CSK)‐dependent pathways. In this study, we evaluated the contribution of each of these pathways to the expression and activation of proteins mediating cell cycle progression. Our results suggest that ET‐1‐induced expression of cyclins D1 and D3 is dependent on the ERK‐ and CSK‐dependent pathways, respectively; moreover, a decrease in the levels of the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) p27 was observed as a consequence of ERK activation. Expression of both cyclins D1 and D3 together with a decrease in the p27 levels are essential for retinoblastoma protein (pRB) phosphorylation and cyclin A expression. Furthermore, the molecular events responsible for cell—cell contact inhibition of astrocyte proliferation were found to be independent of the mitogenic pathways leading to D‐type cyclin expression. Cell growth arrest in confluent astrocytes was found to be correlated with increased expression of CKI p21, resulting in inhibition of D‐type cyclin‐associated pRB phosphorylation and cyclin A expression. Taken together, these results indicate that cyclins D1 and D3, which constitute the key mediators of the proliferative response of primary astrocytes to ET‐1, are regulated by distinct signaling pathways.
Moderating effects of online shopping experience on customer satisfaction and repurchase intentions

Purpose – Satisfaction and experience are essential ingredients for successful customer retention. This study aims to verify the moderating effect of experience on two types of relationships: the relationship of certain antecedents with satisfaction, and the relationship of satisfaction with intention to repurchase. Design/methodology/approach – This paper applies structural equation modelling (SEM) and multi-group analysis to examine the moderating role of experience in a conceptual model estimating the intention to repurchase. Responses from 393 people were used to examine the differences between high- and low-experienced users of online shopping. Findings – The research shows that experience has moderating effects on the relationships between performance expectancy and satisfaction and satisfaction and intention to repurchase. This study empirically demonstrates that prior customer experience strengthens the relationship between performance expectancy and satisfaction, while it weakens the relationship.
Overview of the 2012 Shared Task on Parsing the Web

We describe a shared task on parsing web text from the Google Web Treebank. Participants were to build a single parsing system that is robust to domain changes and can handle noisy text that is commonly encountered on the web. There was a constituency and a dependency parsing track and 11 sites submitted a total of 20 systems. System combination approaches achieved the best results, however, falling short of newswire accuracies by a large margin. The best accuracies were in the 80-84% range for F1 and LAS; even part-ofspeech accuracies were just above 90%.
Psychological Health in a Population of Australian Cat Owners

AbstractNinety-two cat owners, and 70 non-pet subjects were surveyed to determine the relationship between psychological health and pet ownership. The survey employed measures of general psychological health, depression, state and trait anxiety, sleep disturbance, nurturance, attitudes toward pets, social desirability, and a life events inventory. The study hypothesized that cat owners would be more psychologically healthy than non-pet owners and that this difference would be reflected in the cat owners having lower scores on the measures of general psychological health, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance. The study also proposed that cat owners would be more nurturing and have a more favorable attitude toward pets than non-pet owners. Findings showed that the cat owners had significantly lower scores for general psychological health, indicating a lower level of psychiatric disturbance, and could be considered to have better psychological health than the non-pet subjects. The cat owners also had s.
Personal and Clinical Exercise-Related Attitudes and Behaviors of Freshmen U.S. Medical Students

Abstract To determine personal and clinical exercise-related attitudes and behaviors of freshmen U.S. medical students, we surveyed 1,906 entering freshman medical students (response rate = 87%; average age = 24 years) in 17 U. S. medical schools. Students reported a median of 45 min/day of exercise, 80 min/week each of mild and moderate exercise, and 100 min/week of strenuous exercise. Nearly all students (97.6%) engaged in some moderate or vigorous exercise in a typical week. Sixty-four percent complied with U. S. Department of Health and Human Services exercise recommendations. Most freshmen (79%) believed it would be highly relevant to their future practices to counsel patients about exercise; predictors included intention to provide primary care, excellent health, prevention emphasis by their personal physician, and performing more strenuous exercise.
Terrain objects, their dynamics and their monitoring by the integration of GIS and remote sensing

A structural analysis of the representation of terrain objects in GIS leads to the identification of several types of object dynamics. Remote sensing can play an important role in object monitoring; a prerequisite is that the analysis of remotely sensed (RS) data are embedded in a GIS environment. Object knowledge can then support the extraction of information from RS data. Several examples of how this information can be used are explained. <<ETX>>
The Role of Coviewing in the Development of Materialistic Attitudes

Given the economic climate the United States is facing, understanding how consumers are socialized could help lead to solutions that could alleviate the average citizen's financial outlook. This study sought to explain the influence of coviewing on materialism among college students. Eighty-one undergraduates were surveyed about their exposure to television, frequency of coviewing with peers, and materialistic attitudes. For those students who coview more often, there is a positive relationship between television exposure and materialistic attitudes, r (48) = 0.294, p < . 05. Given the negative impact of materialism on a person's life, the need to bring awareness to these findings is discussed.
Air Pollution and Hospital Admissions for Myocardial Infarction: Are There Potentially Sensitive Groups?

Recent studies showed that air pollution is a risk factor for hospitalization for myocardial infarction (MI). However, there is limited evidence to suggest which subpopulations are at higher risk for MI arising from air pollution. This study was undertaken to examine the modifying effects of specific secondary cardiovascular diagnosis (including hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure, and arrhythmias) on the relationship between hospital admissions for MI and exposure to ambient air pollutants. Hospital admissions for MI and ambient air pollution data for Taipei were obtained for the period 1999–2009. The relative risk of hospital admissions for MI was estimated using a case-crossover approach. None of the secondary diagnosis examined showed significant evidence of effect modification. It would appear that the correlation between air pollutant exposure and MI occurrence is not affected by predisposing factors present in other cardiovascular diseases.