Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling the effects of DLTs and carrier transport on the turn-on delay, steady-state time and wavelength chirp of SCH-QW lasers

In this paper we drive a numerical model for a separate confinement heterostructure quantum well (SCH-QW) laser, as one of the key elements of photonic communications systems and networks. The physical effects of Deep Level Traps (DLTs) and carrier transport on the threshold current, turn-on delay, steady state time, transient response and wavelength chirp of a SCH-QW laser are modeled by means of finite difference method. This numerical model calculates the time-dependent variations of optical output phase, photon density and carrier densities in the SCH layer and QW region, self-consistently. These equations are also coupled with the trap density equation. The exact carrier dependence of the linewidth enhancement factor and the gain function for the QW laser are included.
A dataset for computer-vision-based PCB analysis

We present a public dataset with the aim to facilitate research on computer-vision-based Printed Circuit Board (PCB) analysis, with a focus on recycling-related applications. The dataset contains 748 images of PCBs from a recycling facility, captured under representative conditions using a professional DSLR camera. For all these images we provide accurate segmentation information for the depicted PCBs as well as bounding box information for all Integrated Circuit (IC) chips (9313 samples). Furthermore, we provide textual information of the labels for a subset of 1740 IC samples. By including these different aspects of information, our dataset is useful for designing and testing a variety of methods for PCB analysis, from PCB classification over IC chip localization to the detection of specific chips. We discuss the benefits of PCB analysis for recycling, present dataset statistics, and use the dataset to evaluate two example methods, one for detecting specific PCBs, and one for recognizing mainboards.
‘Talent-spotting’ or ‘social magic’? Inequality, cultural sorting and constructions of the ideal graduate in elite professions

Graduate outcomes – including rates of employment and earnings – are marked by persistent inequalities related to social class, as well as gender, ethnicity and institution. Despite national policy agendas related to social mobility and ‘fair access to the professions’, high-status occupations are disproportionately composed of those from socially privileged backgrounds, and evidence suggests that in recent decades many professions have become less socially representative. This article makes an original contribution to sociological studies of inequalities in graduate transitions and elite reproduction through a distinct focus on the ‘pre-hiring’ practices of graduate employers. It does this through a critical analysis of the graduate recruitment material of two popular graduate employers. It shows how, despite espousing commitments to diversity and inclusion, constructions of the ‘ideal’ graduate privilege individuals who can mobilise and embody certain valued capitals. Using Bourdieusian concepts of ‘social magic’ and ‘institutional habitus’, the article argues that more attention must be paid to how graduate employers’ practices constitute tacit processes of social exclusion and thus militate against the achievement of more equitable graduate outcomes and fair access to the ‘top jobs’.
Energy Balance and Nutrition Status: A Prospective Assessment of Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation.

BACKGROUND Energy balance (EB) and its relation to nutrition status throughout the perioperative period of liver transplantation (LTx) patients has been poorly reported in the literature, and this is the primary objective of the current study. METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted with patients undergoing LTx, who were assessed before and after the operation. Resting energy expenditure, total energy expenditure (TEE), dietary intake, and EB were evaluated, as well as anthropometry, handgrip strength, and standard phase angle (SPA). The presence of complications after the operation, length of intensive care unit and hospital stay, and death were registered. A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The average age was 54.1 ± 11.5 years; 79.3% of the patients were male, and the mean model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was 16.7 ± 4.6. Negative EB was seen in 71.4% and 77.8% of patients before and after LTx, respectively. Food intake further decreased after the operation, leading to a significantly more negative EB. The prevalence of malnutrition ranged from 17.2% to 57.7% pretransplantation and 30.8% to 86.4% postoperatively, according to the different methods used. Increased preoperative TEE (0.040) and age (0.039) were predictive factors for complications, and low SPA was a predictive factor of death (0.038). CONCLUSION Negative EB was prevalent, and this was associated with high rates of malnutrition. These data reinforce the importance of individual nutrition assessment, including dietary intake, to tailor early nutrition interventions.
Dumping the Closet Skeletons Online: Exploring the Guilty Information Disclosure Behavior on Social Media

Privacy issues on social media are becoming an increasing area of concern. Paradoxically, some netizens are actively divulging their privacy online. Noticeably, some information is specifically guilt-related, though confession online is considered irrational. This preliminary study strives to understand this guilty information disclosure behavior through a mixed-approach. Analyzing posts and comments in a confession forum on Reddit, we find that sex-related and recreation-related topics prevail. Our qualitative investigation produces a thematic model with 71 codes, 17 concepts, 4 frames, 3 categories, and 9 relationships, capturing the intents, content, influencers of this behavior, and the interactions among users. Our contribution relies on the investigation of this peculiar behavior to better understand people’s privacy behavior. Also, we render a sophisticated framework around guilt-inducing behaviors useful for future work. We also suggest it as a mixture of conformity and counter-conformity, a modern “technology of self” and a variant of Adaptive Cognitive Theory.
Temperature and injection water source influence microbial community structure in four Alaskan North Slope hydrocarbon reservoirs

A fundamental knowledge of microbial community structure in petroleum reservoirs can improve predictive modeling of these environments. We used hydrocarbon profiles, stable isotopes, and high-density DNA microarray analysis to characterize microbial communities in produced water from four Alaskan North Slope hydrocarbon reservoirs. Produced fluids from Schrader Bluff (24–27°C), Kuparuk (47–70°C), Sag River (80°C), and Ivishak (80–83°C) reservoirs were collected, with paired soured/non-soured wells sampled from Kuparuk and Ivishak. Chemical and stable isotope data suggested Schrader Bluff had substantial biogenic methane, whereas methane was mostly thermogenic in deeper reservoirs. Acetoclastic methanogens (Methanosaeta) were most prominent in Schrader Bluff samples, and the combined δD and δ13C values of methane also indicated acetoclastic methanogenesis could be a primary route for biogenic methane. Conversely, hydrogenotrophic methanogens (e.g., Methanobacteriaceae) and sulfide-producing Archaeoglobus and Thermococcus were more prominent in Kuparuk samples. Sulfide-producing microbes were detected in all reservoirs, uncoupled from souring status (e.g., the non-soured Kuparuk samples had higher relative abundances of many sulfate-reducers compared to the soured sample, suggesting sulfate-reducers may be living fermentatively/syntrophically when sulfate is limited). Sulfate abundance via long-term seawater injection resulted in greater relative abundances of Desulfonauticus, Desulfomicrobium, and Desulfuromonas in the soured Ivishak well compared to the non-soured well. In the non-soured Ivishak sample, several taxa affiliated with Thermoanaerobacter and Halomonas predominated. Archaea were not detected in the deepest reservoirs. Functional group taxa differed in relative abundance among reservoirs, likely reflecting differing thermal and/or geochemical influences.
Analysis of Serum MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarker in Coronary Bifurcation Lesion

Recent evidence suggests that cell-derived circulating miRNAs may serve as the biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases. However, no study has investigated the potential of circulating miRNAs as biomarker for coronary bifurcation lesion. In this study, we aimed to characterize the miRNA profiles that could distinguish coronary bifurcation lesion and identify potential miRNAs as biomarkers of coronary bifurcation lesion. We employed miRNA microarray to screen serum miRNAs profiles of patients with coronary bifurcation lesion and coronary nonbifurcation lesions. We identified 197 miRNAs differentially expressed, including 150 miRNAs upregulated and 47 miRNAs downregulated. We chose 3 miRNAs with significant differences for further testing in 200 patients. RT-PCR analysis of serum samples confirmed that miR30d was upregulated and miR1246 was downregulated in the serum of coronary bifurcation lesion patients compared with nonbifurcation lesion patients. Our findings suggest that these miRNAs may have a role in the pathogenesis of coronary bifurcation lesion and may represent novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of coronary bifurcation lesion.
Assessment of Genotype Imputation Performance Using 1000 Genomes in African American Studies

Genotype imputation, used in genome-wide association studies to expand coverage of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), has performed poorly in African Americans compared to less admixed populations. Overall, imputation has typically relied on HapMap reference haplotype panels from Africans (YRI), European Americans (CEU), and Asians (CHB/JPT). The 1000 Genomes project offers a wider range of reference populations, such as African Americans (ASW), but their imputation performance has had limited evaluation. Using 595 African Americans genotyped on Illumina’s HumanHap550v3 BeadChip, we compared imputation results from four software programs (IMPUTE2, BEAGLE, MaCH, and MaCH-Admix) and three reference panels consisting of different combinations of 1000 Genomes populations (February 2012 release): (1) 3 specifically selected populations (YRI, CEU, and ASW); (2) 8 populations of diverse African (AFR) or European (AFR) descent; and (3) all 14 available populations (ALL). Based on chromosome 22, we calculated three performance metrics: (1) concordance (percentage of masked genotyped SNPs with imputed and true genotype agreement); (2) imputation quality score (IQS; concordance adjusted for chance agreement, which is particularly informative for low minor allele frequency [MAF] SNPs); and (3) average r2hat (estimated correlation between the imputed and true genotypes, for all imputed SNPs). Across the reference panels, IMPUTE2 and MaCH had the highest concordance (91%–93%), but IMPUTE2 had the highest IQS (81%–83%) and average r2hat (0.68 using YRI+ASW+CEU, 0.62 using AFR+EUR, and 0.55 using ALL). Imputation quality for most programs was reduced by the addition of more distantly related reference populations, due entirely to the introduction of low frequency SNPs (MAF≤2%) that are monomorphic in the more closely related panels. While imputation was optimized by using IMPUTE2 with reference to the ALL panel (average r2hat = 0.86 for SNPs with MAF>2%), use of the ALL panel for African American studies requires careful interpretation of the population specificity and imputation quality of low frequency SNPs.
Agency Problem and Ownership Structure: Outside Blockholder as a Signal

We model the decision of an entrepreneur, seeking outside financing, on whether to sell a large equity share to a blockholder. A conventional theoretical rationale for the presence of an outside blockholder is mitigation of the agency problem via monitoring. Our model provides a novel insight: outside blockholders may be attracted by entrepreneurs with low, rather than high, agency problems in order to signal their low propensity to extract private benefits. Our result yields a new interpretation of an often documented positive relationship between outside ownership concentration in a firm and its market valuation: it may be driven by “sorting” rather than by the direct effect of monitoring. We show that the positive correlation may arise even if the blockholder derives private benefits and has no positive impact on the value of small shares. Our analysis also helps to explain why the market reacts more favorably to private placements of equity as opposed to public issues.
Assessing mentalization in psychotherapy: first validation of the Mentalization Imbalances Scale

The aim of this study was to provide data on the preliminary validation of a clinician-report multidimensional assessment measure of mentalization (Mentalization Imbalances Scale, MIS). A random national sample of psychotherapists (N=190) completed the MIS to identify mentalization imbalances, and the Personality Disorder Checklist to assess the personality disorders (PDs) of randomly selected patients currently in their care. Factor analysis confirmed the presence of six factors that represented different imbalances of mentalization: cognitive, affective, automatic, external, imbalance toward others, and imbalance toward self. We found several significant relationships between patients’ mentalization imbalances and personality pathology. Paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal PDs were predicted by an imbalance toward self, an imbalance the patients shared with histrionic, avoidant, and obsessive compulsive PDs, whereas dependent, borderline, and histrionic PDs were related to an imbalance toward others. Cognitive imbalance was related to schizoid, narcissistic, and obsessive compulsive PDs, whereas affective imbalance predicted antisocial, borderline, narcissistic and histrionic PDs. Automatic imbalance was related to schizotypal, antisocial, and borderline PDs. MIS represents a reliable and valid measure that can help clinicians at understanding patients’ specific difficulties of mentalization.
Profiling Transactional Memory applications on an atomic block basis : A Haskell case study

In many recent works in Transactional Memory (TM), researchers have profiled TM applications based on execution data using lumped pertransaction averages. This approach both omits meaningful profiling information that can be extracted from the transactional program and hides potentially useful clues that can be used to discover the bottlenecks of the TM system. In this study, we propose partitioning transactional programs into executions of their atomic blocks (AB), observing both the individual properties of these ABs, and their effects on the overall execution on a Software Transactional Memory (STM) benchmark in Haskell. Profiling on the AB-level and focusing on the intra-AB relationships helps to (i) characterize transactional programs with per-AB statistics, (ii) examine the conflict relationships that are caused between the ABs, and thus (iii) to identify and classify the shared data that often cause conflicts. Through experimentation, we show that the AB behavior in most of the Haskell STM benchmark applications is quite heterogeneous, proving the need for such fine-grained, per-AB profiling framework.
New trajectory-driven aerosol and chemical process model Chemical and Aerosol Lagrangian Model (CALM)

Abstract. A new Chemical and Aerosol Lagrangian Model (CALM) has been developed and tested. The model incorporates all central aerosol dynamical processes, from nucleation, condensation, coagulation and deposition to cloud formation and in-cloud processing. The model is tested and evaluated against observations performed at the SMEAR II station located at Hyytiala (61° 51' N, 24° 17' E) over a time period of two years, 2000–2001. The model shows good agreement with measurements throughout most of the year, but fails in reproducing the aerosol properties during the winter season, resulting in poor agreement between model and measurements especially during December–January. Nevertheless, through the rest of the year both trends and magnitude of modal concentrations show good agreement with observation, as do the monthly average size distribution properties. The model is also shown to capture individual nucleation events to a certain degree. This indicates that nucleation largely is controlled by the availability of nucleating material (as prescribed by the [H2SO4]), availability of condensing material (in this model 15% of primary reactions of monoterpenes (MT) are assumed to produce low volatile species) and the properties of the size distribution (more specifically, the condensation sink). This is further demonstrated by the fact that the model captures the annual trend in nuclei mode concentration. The model is also used, alongside sensitivity tests, to examine which processes dominate the aerosol size distribution physical properties. It is shown, in agreement with previous studies, that nucleation governs the number concentration during transport from clean areas. It is also shown that primary number emissions almost exclusively govern the CN concentration when air from Central Europe is advected north over Scandinavia. We also show that biogenic emissions have a large influence on the amount of potential CCN observed over the boreal region, as shown by the agreement between observations and modeled results for the receptor SMEAR II, Hyytiala, during the studied period.
Teachers’ Beliefs of Authentic Materials for Teaching Reading in Indonesian EFL Classrooms

It is believed that authentic reading materials can link students to contextual use of English, as they can improve students’ communicative and cultural competences. Related to point, this is very important to highlight the investigation on teachers’ beliefs about authentic reading materials as it is reflected through the teachers’ expectation and how they manifest them in classroom practices. This is a case study of four teachers who teach English at public senior high school in Samarinda, East Kalimantan. The study explores the beliefs of these teachers about authentic reading materials in their classroom practices. The data were taken from a semi structured interview, classroom observation, and teachers’ written documents. The study revealed that there were three themes of teachers’ beliefs emerged, (1) types of authentic reading materials, (2) skills to be improved after reading, and (3) teachers’ challenges of using authentic reading materials for the classroom-bases. It is noted that teachers did self-adjustment when manifesting their beliefs in classroom activities. In addition, Teachers needs self-management when utilizing authentic materials.
Observations of the intense and ultra-long burst GRB 041219a with the Germanium spectrometer on INTEGRAL

Context. GRB 041219a is the brightest burst localised by INTEGRAL . The peak flux of 43 ph cm -2 s -1 ($1.84 \times 10^{-5}$ erg cm -2 s -1 , 20 keV–8 MeV, 1 s integration) is greater than that for ~98% of all bursts and the T 90 duration of ~186 s (~20 keV–8 MeV) is longer than all but a small number of bursts. The intense burst occurred about ~250 s after the precursor and the long delay enabled optical and near infrared telescopes to observe the prompt emission. Aims. We present comprehensive results of the temporal and spectral analyses, including line and afterglow searches using the spectrometer, SPI, aboard INTEGRAL , BAT on Swift and ASM on Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer . We avail of multi-wavelength data to generate broadband spectra of GRB 041219a and afterglow. Methods. Spectra for the burst and sub-intervals were fit by the Band model and also by the quasithermal model. The high resolution Germanium spectrometer data were searched for emission and absorption features and for γ -ray afterglow. Results. The overall burst and sub-intervals are well fit by the Band model. The photon index below the break energy shows a marked change after the quiescent time interval. In addition the spectra are well described by a black body component with a power law. The burst was detected by BAT and ASM during the long quiescent interval in SPI indicating the central engine might not be dormant but that the emission occurs in different bands. No significant emission or absorption features were found and limits of 900 eV and 120 eV are set on the most significant features. No γ -ray afterglow was detected from the end of the prompt phase to ~12 h post-burst. Broadband spectra of the prompt emission were generated in 7 time intervals using γ -ray, X-ray, optical and near-infrared data and these were compared to the high-redshift burst GRB 050904. The optical and γ -ray emission are correlated in GRB 041219a. We estimate isotropic radiated energy ( E iso ) to be ~$5 \times 10^{52}$ erg. The spectral lag was determined using data from the BAT and it changes throughout the burst. A number of pseudo-redshifts were evaluated and large dispersion in values was found.
Attention deficit and hyperactivity symptoms in adult migraine patients

Aim: To screen the symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in adult migraine patients. Material and Methods: Our study included 102 migraine patients and 93 sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers. Gender, age, level of education and duration of disease were recorded. We used the adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder self-report scale to evaluate the symptoms of adult attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. In addition, the short form-36 and the hospital anxiety and depression scale were applied to the patients and the healthy controls. Results: The mean scores of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were significantly higher in migraine patients compared to the control group. There was no significant relationship between the Adult Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale scores and the duration of the disease. There was a negative correlation between the SF-36 health questionnaire scores and the Adult Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale scores. There was a positive correlation between the Migraine Disability Assessment scores, the number of migraine attacks and the Adult Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale scores. Conclusion: Attention-deficit and hyperactivity symptoms can develop in adult migraine patients and cause psychosocial morbidity and poor quality of life.