Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal diets for prevention of coronary heart disease.

CONTEXT Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the leading cause of mortality in industrialized countries and is rapidly becoming a primary cause of death worldwide. Thus, identification of the dietary changes that most effectively prevent CHD is critical. OBJECTIVE To review metabolic, epidemiologic, and clinical trial evidence regarding diet and CHD prevention. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION We searched MEDLINE through May 2002 for epidemiologic and clinical investigations of major dietary factors (fat, cholesterol, omega-3 fatty acids, trans-fatty acids, carbohydrates, glycemic index, fiber, folate, specific foods, and dietary patterns) and CHD. We selected 147 original investigations and reviews of metabolic studies, epidemiologic studies, and dietary intervention trials of diet and CHD. DATA EXTRACTION Data were examined for relevance and quality and extracted by 1 of the authors. DATA SYNTHESIS Compelling evidence from metabolic studies, prospective cohort studies, and clinical trials in the past several decades indicates that at least 3 dietary strategies are effective in preventing CHD: substitute nonhydrogenated unsaturated fats for saturated and trans-fats; increase consumption of omega-3 fatty acids from fish, fish oil supplements, or plant sources; and consume a diet high in fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains and low in refined grain products. However, simply lowering the percentage of energy from total fat in the diet is unlikely to improve lipid profile or reduce CHD incidence. Many issues remain unsettled, including the optimal amounts of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, the optimal balance between omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fats, the amount and sources of protein, and the effects of individual phytochemicals, antioxidant vitamins, and minerals. CONCLUSIONS Substantial evidence indicates that diets using nonhydrogenated unsaturated fats as the predominant form of dietary fat, whole grains as the main form of carbohydrates, an abundance of fruits and vegetables, and adequate omega-3 fatty acids can offer significant protection against CHD. Such diets, together with regular physical activity, avoidance of smoking, and maintenance of a healthy body weight, may prevent the majority of cardiovascular disease in Western populations.
The Art of Co-therapy: How Therapists Work Together

Introduction. Part I: Practicing the Art. Why Choose Co-Therapy? Educational Reasons for Shared Leadership. How to Choose a Co-Therapist. Why a Co-Therapy Team Becomes Successful. Co-Therapy Teams in Trouble: Impasses and Crises. Treatment of a Borderline and a Narcissistic Patient in Co-Therapy. Part II: Master Practitioners. Phases of Co-Therapy Team Development, Dugo & Beck. An Intimate Model for Co-Therapy, Goulding & Goulding. Therapists and Parents as Models for Being Human, Satir.
VLBI Observations of SiO Masers around AH Scorpii

We report the first Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of v = 1, J = 1–0 SiO masers at 43 GHz in the circumstellar envelope of the M-type semiregular supergiant variable star AH Sco at two epochs separated by 12 days in 2004 March. These high-resolution VLBA images reveal that the distribution of the SiO masers is roughly on a persistent elliptical ring, with the lengths of the major and minor axes being about 18.5 and 15.8 mas, respectively, along a position angle of 150°. The redshifted masers are found to be slightly closer to the central star than are the blueshifted masers. The line-of-sight velocity structure of the SiO masers shows that with respect to the systemic velocity of –6.8 km s−1, the higher velocity features are closer to the star, which can be well explained by the simple outflow or infall, without rotation kinematics, of SiO masers around AH Sco. A study of the proper motions of 59 matched features between our two epochs clearly indicates that the SiO maser shell around AH Sco was undergoing an overall contraction toward the star at a velocity of ≈13 km s−1 at a distance of 2.26 kpc to AH Sco. Our three-dimensional maser kinematics model further suggests that such an inward motion is very likely to be due to the gravitation of the central star. The distance to AH Sco of 2.26 ± 0.19 kpc that we obtained from our three-dimensional kinematics model fitting is consistent with its kinematic distance of 2.0 kpc.
Gifts and commodities

C A Gregory's Gifts and Commodities is one of the undisputed classics of economic anthropology. On its publication in 1982, it spurred intense, ongoing debates about gifts and gifting, value, exchange, and the place of political economy in anthropology. Gifts and Commodities is, at once, a critique of neoclassical economics and development theory, a critical history of colonial Papua New Guinea, and a comparative ethnography of exchange in Melanesian societies. This new edition includes a new foreword by anthropologist Marilyn Strathern that discusses the ongoing response to the book and the debates it has engendered, debates that have only become more salient in our ever-more-neoliberal and ever-more-globalized era.
Observational study of 14 cases of chronic pancreatitis in dogs

This study reports the clinical, clinicopathological and ultrasonographic findings from dogs with chronic pancreatitis (CP). Fourteen dogs with clinical signs consistent with CP and histological confirmation of the disease were evaluated. Abdominal ultrasound and clinical pathology results were recorded. Sensitivities of pancreatic enzymes for diagnosis of CP were calculated with two different cut-off values. The mean age of affected dogs was 9.1 years. Spaniels were the most common breed with CP, representing seven of the 14 dogs in this study. CP was histologically severe in nine cases. Most dogs showed chronic low-grade gastrointestinal signs and abdominal pain. Five dogs had exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and five dogs had diabetes mellitus. The sensitivity of elevated trypsin-like immunoreactivity for CP was 17 per cent. The sensitivities of canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity, lipase and amylase for CP were 44 to 67 per cent or 14 to 28 per cent depending on the cut-off value used. Cholesterol was elevated in 58 per cent of samples. Liver enzymes were often elevated. The pancreas appeared abnormal on 56 per cent of ultrasound examinations. Ten dogs had died by the end of the study period; only one case was due to CP.
A LITERATURE REVIEW AND NEW DATA SUPPORTING AN INTERACTIVE ACCOUNT OF LETTER-BY-LETTER READING.

We present a theoretical account of letter-by-letter reading (LBL) that reconciles discrepant findings associated with this form of acquired dyslexia. We claim that LBL reading is caused by a deficit that affects the normal activation of the orthographic representation of the stimulus. In spite of this lower-level deficit, the degraded orthographic information may be processed further, and lexical, semantic, and higher-order orthographic information may still influence the reading patterns ofthese patients.In supportof our position, w e present a review of 57 published cases of LBL reading in w hich w e demonstrate that a peripheral deficit was evident in almost all of the patients and that, simultaneously, strong effects oflexical/ semantic variables were observed on reading performance. We then go on to report findings from an empirical analysis of seven LBL readers in whom w e document the joint effects of lexical variables (word frequency and im ageability) and word length on naming latency. We argue that the reading perform ance of these patients reflects the residual functioning of the same interactive system that supported normal reading premorbidly.
Lessons from Latin American Experience in Participatory Budgeting

A motorcycle disk brake lock comprises a main body, a lock bolt and a locking member. The main body has a base portion, a first arm, a second arm, and an insertion slot formed between the first arm and the second arm for receiving therein a motorcycle disk brake. The lock bolt is disposed on the first arm such that the lock bolt can be moved back and forth in a direction parallel to an open end of the insertion slot. The lock bolt has a retaining portion corresponding in location to the open end of the insertion slot. The lock bolt is provided along the edge thereof with at least one first locating portion. The locking member has a second locating portion capable of moving in a direction perpendicular to the moving direction of the lock bolt to engage the first locating portion. The distance between the retaining portion and the insertion slot of the main body can be adjusted so as to disable the motorcycle disk brakes of various outer diameters.
Using the material‐point method to model sea ice dynamics

[1] The material-point method (MPM) is a numerical method for continuum mechanics that combines the best aspects of Lagrangian and Eulerian discretizations. The material points provide a Lagrangian description of the ice that models convection naturally. Thus properties such as ice thickness and compactness are computed in a Lagrangian frame and do not suffer from errors associated with Eulerian advection schemes, such as artificial diffusion, dispersion, or oscillations near discontinuities. This desirable property is illustrated by solving transport of ice in uniform, rotational and convergent velocity fields. Moreover, the ice geometry is represented by unconnected material points rather than a grid. This representation facilitates modeling the large deformations observed in the Arctic, as well as localized deformation along leads, and admits a sharp representation of the ice edge. MPM also easily allows the use of any ice constitutive model. The versatility of MPM is demonstrated by using two constitutive models for simulations of wind-driven ice. The first model is a standard viscous-plastic model with two thickness categories. The MPM solution to the viscous-plastic model agrees with previously published results using finite elements. The second model is a new elastic-decohesive model that explicitly represents leads. The model includes a mechanism to initiate leads, and to predict their orientation and width. The elastic-decohesion model can provide similar overall deformation as the viscous-plastic model; however, explicit regions of opening and shear are predicted. Furthermore, the efficiency of MPM with the elastic-decohesive model is competitive with the current best methods for sea ice dynamics.
The design and implementation of a new cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) based intervention for the management of sensory experiences in adolescents with autism

Background. There is growing recognition of the impact of sensory difficulties in autism. However, traditional ‘sensory integration therapies’ lack empirical support and behaviour-based measures may misrepresent some sensory experiences in autism, meaning that sensory atypicalities are poorly understood and supported. There is therefore a need for a new self-regulatory approach to understanding and managing sensory experiences, which is consistent with theory, and draws upon self-reports of individuals with autism. Aims. 1) To expand the evidence base of self-reports of sensory experiences of adolescents with autism. 2) To evaluate the effectiveness of a new 8-week CBT-based group intervention for self-regulation of sensory experiences. Methods. Twelve adolescents aged 11 to 16 years with diagnoses of autism and IQs above 70, from one mainstream secondary school completed the study. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) design was used. To address Aim 1, self-reports were elicited pre-intervention, in a semi-structured interview and analysed thematically. To address Aim 2, quantitative measures of sensory behaviours, anxiety and repetitive behaviours were taken at baseline, post-intervention and follow-up, together with qualitative interview data from experimental groups and parents, post-intervention. Results. Aim 1) Thematic analysis revealed 5 main themes: ‘need for control’, ‘resonance with stimulus affects reactivity’, ‘self in-relation-to others’, ‘barriers to coping relate to consciousness’, and ‘features of adaptive coping strategies’. Aim 2) Quantitative analysis revealed no significant intervention effects, although qualitative reports indicated the intervention raised meta-conscious awareness of sensory experiences, expression and use of language, sense of self in-relation-to others, and adolescents’ use of new coping behaviours. Conclusion. Striking qualitative data suggest the intervention was effective in raising meta-conscious awareness and self-regulation. Results indicate the future need for larger sample sizes, and for the development of more sensitive and valid sensory measures. Implications for EPs include facilitating supportive group dynamics, and developing parent and staff understanding.
Molecular subtyping by genome and plasmid analysis of Campylobacter jejuni serogroups O1 and O2 (Penner) from sporadic and outbreak cases of human diarrhoea

Summary Ribosomal RNA gene patterns, randomly amplified polymorphic genomic DNA (RAPD) profiles and plasmid profiles were used to discriminate between 28 strains of Campylobacter jejuni serogroups O1 and O2 (Penner). Most isolates were biotype I (Lior). The strains were representative isolates from a UK school outbreak of enteritis (7 cases) and from 21 sporadic human cases of enteritis in 4 countries. The molecular techniques discriminated to various degrees between strains in each of the serogroups. The outbreak strains were homogeneous in most molecular features but a variety of types was detected amongst the isolates from the sporadic cases. Five groups of two or more strains with identical ribopatterns were identified and within each, strains from different patients were homogenous with respect to serogroup. RAPD profile typing based on numerical analysis generally matched ribotyping. Plasmid profiling overall gave least discrimination but was useful in separating some strains similar in other features. We concluded that optimal discrimination of C. jejuni could best be achieved using a combination of phenotypic and genotypic properties. Hae III ribotyping was the single most discriminatory and reproducible technique investigated. Several strains of C. jejuni from sporadic infections had similar molecular profiles which have potential for general typing purposes.
3-dimensional Structures of G Protein-coupled Receptors and Binding Sites of Agonists and Antagonists 1–4

We summarize here recent progress in predicting the 3-dimensional (3D) structure of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) and in predicting the binding sites for various agonists and antagonists. These receptors play a critical role in cell communications (dopamine, histamine, epinephrine, and serotonin) and in sensing the outside world (vision, smell, taste, and pain). There are no experimental 3D structures available for human GPCR despite their vital function and importance as therapeutic targets. Indeed, considering every form of life, there is an experimental structure for only 1 GPCR: bovine rhodopsin. Consequently, we developed the MembStruk method to predict the 3D structure without using homology. We then validated our predicted structures by using them to predict their binding sites and binding energies for strongly binding agonists and antagonists. The results were in excellent agreement with available binding and mutation experiments. We will summarize the results for adrenergic receptors, dopamine receptors, chemokine receptors, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, and a tetrapeptide receptor (mas-related gene C11). G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) 5 are intrinsic membrane proteins with 7 transmembrane (TM) helices, also called 7TM proteins. They are the largest superfamily in the human genome with . 800 GPCR identified, including ;340 nonolfactory receptors organized in 5 families: glutamate, rhodopsin, adhesion, frizzled, and secretin (1). A variety of bioactive molecules (including biogenic amines, peptides, lipids, nucleotides, and proteins) modulate GPCR activity to affect regulation of essential physiological processes (e.g. neurotransmission, cellular metabolism , secretion, cell growth, immune defense, and differentiation). Thus, many important cell recognition and communication processes involve GPCR (2,3). Due to their mediation of numerous critical physiological functions, GPCR are involved in all major disease areas, including cardiovascular, metabolic, neurodegen-erative, psychiatric, cancer, and infectious diseases (4,5). Indeed, GPCR represent 30–50% of the current drug targets for activation (by agonist drugs) or inhibition (by antagonists) (5,6). It is estimated that the ;80 GPCR-targeting drugs currently marketed account for ;$50 billion in annual sales, and many have annual sales . $2 billion. Target evaluation, lead identification , and optimization of GPCR have accelerated progress in identifying subtypes with specific cell and tissue functions. However , progress in developing new drugs with reduced toxicity and side effects has been hampered by the lack of a 3-dimensional (3D) structure for any human GPCR or the common animal surrogate targets. Despite intensive efforts for decades by many protein crystallography groups, the only experimental 3D structure for any GPCR of any form of life is …
INCONGRUITY TRIGGERS THE SEARCH FOR A METONYMIC MAP

The notes and articles in this series are progress reports on work being carried on by students and faculty in the Department. Because these papers are not finished products, readers are asked not to cite from them without noting their preliminary nature. The authors welcome any comments and suggestions that readers might offer. 1 JAWEE PERLA Metonymy is a linguistic process in which the name of a salient attribute, part, or function of a particular domain is used to refer to another part of the same domain. Because salient characteristics can be used to activate other referents within a semantic domain, (Lakoff 1987, Deane 1991), sometimes these tags can be used metonymically, even in novel instances (e.g., The man scolded the truck at the intersection). Such sentences may depend on an immediate " animacy incongruity effect " between the verb phrase (scolded) and the direct object (truck) to trigger the metonymic construal. In canonically ordered sentences, the incongruity is recognized on the metonym itself, but what happens when the metonym is fronted? This study presents evidence that the incongruity trigger is a central part of metonymic sense resolution, regardless of where it appears in the sentence. 1. INTRODUCTION. How do metonyms successfully activate their intended semantic targets? Fundamentally , metonyms function as referential markers in which one conceptual unit—attribute, category, qual-ity—is triggered through the mention of a related concept. The suits on wall street means people on Wall Street when the lexical trigger (suits) activates a related semantic target (people) within the same ideal-ized cognitive model (Lakoff 1987, Radden and Kövecses 1999). Although there has been some attempt to provide a taxonomy of the various " X FOR Y " conceptual maps that license metonymic reference, relatively little attention has been given to the sentence processing of metonymy and polysemy in general. The purpose of this paper is to explore the online sentence-processing aspects of semantic resolution in context-free metonymic language.
Too Dispersed to Monitor ? Ownership Dispersion, Monitoring, and the Prediction of Bank Distress

This paper conducts an empirical assessment of the theories stating that ownership concentration improves the quality of shareholders' monitoring. In contrast with other studies, we do not use regressions of risk/performance on ownership concentration. Instead, we build an early warning model of bank distress that includes a leading indicator derived from banks' share price, the Merton-KMV distance to default (DD). The significance of this indicator depends on the efficacy of shareholders' monitoring. On a sample of European banks, we show that the predictive power of the DD is satisfactory only when banks' shareholding is characterized by the presence of blockholders.
Shepard Convolutional Neural Networks

Deep learning has recently been introduced to the field of low-level computer vision and image processing. Promising results have been obtained in a number of tasks including super-resolution, inpainting, deconvolution, filtering, etc. However, previously adopted neural network approaches such as convolutional neural networks and sparse auto-encoders are inherently with translation invariant operators. We found this property prevents the deep learning approaches from outperforming the state-of-the-art if the task itself requires translation variant interpolation (TVI). In this paper, we draw on Shepard interpolation and design Shepard Convolutional Neural Networks (ShCNN) which efficiently realizes end-to-end trainable TVI operators in the network. We show that by adding only a few feature maps in the new Shepard layers, the network is able to achieve stronger results than a much deeper architecture. Superior performance on both image in-painting and super-resolution is obtained where our system outperforms previous ones while keeping the running time competitive.
Model predictive control for spacecraft rendezvous and docking with a rotating/tumbling platform and for debris avoidance

A Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach is developed for spacecraft rendezvous and docking to a rotating/tumbling platform and for debris avoidance maneuvers. With this approach, the constraints on thrust, approach velocity and spacecraft positioning within the Line-of-Sight cone from the docking port are systematically treated. The trajectories are simulated and time-to-dock and fuel consumption are evaluated as cost function parameters are varied. Debris avoidance maneuvers are considered, with the debris in the spacecraft rendezvous path.
Frogs and some other interacting random walks models

We review some recent results for a system of simple random walks on graphs, known as \emphfrog model. Also, we discuss several modifications of this model, and present a few open problems. A simple version of the frog model can be described as follows: There are active and sleeping particles living on some graph. Each active particle performs a simple random walk with discrete time and at each moment it may disappear with probability 1-p. When an active particle hits a sleeping particle, the latter becomes active.