Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Page overlays: An enhanced virtual memory framework to enable fine-grained memory management

Many recent works propose mechanisms demonstrating the potential advantages of managing memory at a fine (e.g., cache line) granularity-e.g., fine-grained de-duplication and fine-grained memory protection. Unfortunately, existing virtual memory systems track memory at a larger granularity (e.g., 4 KB pages), inhibiting efficient implementation of such techniques. Simply reducing the page size results in an unacceptable increase in page table overhead and TLB pressure. We propose a new virtual memory framework that enables efficient implementation of a variety of fine-grained memory management techniques. In our framework, each virtual page can be mapped to a structure called a page overlay, in addition to a regular physical page. An overlay contains a subset of cache lines from the virtual page. Cache lines that are present in the overlay are accessed from there and all other cache lines are accessed from the regular physical page. Our page-overlay framework enables cache-line-granularity memory management without significantly altering the existing virtual memory framework or introducing high overheads. We show that our framework can enable simple and efficient implementations of seven memory management techniques, each of which has a wide variety of applications. We quantitatively evaluate the potential benefits of two of these techniques: overlay-on-write and sparse-data-structure computation. Our evaluations show that overlay-on-write, when applied to fork, can improve performance by 15% and reduce memory capacity requirements by 53% on average compared to traditional copy-on-write. For sparse data computation, our framework can outperform a state-of-the-art software-based sparse representation on a number of real-world sparse matrices. Our framework is general, powerful, and effective in enabling fine-grained memory management at low cost.
Characterization of Neuraminidases from the Highly Pathogenic Avian H5N1 and 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A Viruses

To study the precise role of the neuraminidase (NA), and its stalk region in particular, in the assembly, release, and entry of influenza virus, we deleted the 20-aa stalk segment from 2009 pandemic H1N1 NA (09N1) and inserted this segment, now designated 09s60, into the stalk region of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus H5N1 NA (AH N1). The biological characterization of these wild-type and mutant NAs was analyzed by pseudotyped particles (pseudoparticles) system. Compared with the wild-type AH N1, the wild-type 09N1 exhibited higher NA activity and released more pseudoparticles. Deletion/insertion of the 09s60 segment did not alter this relationship. The infectivity of pseudoparticles harboring NA in combination with the hemagglutinin from HPAI H5N1 (AH H5) was decreased by insertion of 09s60 into AH N1 and was increased by deletion of 09s60 from 09N1. When isolated from the wild-type 2009H1N1 virus, 09N1 existed in the forms (in order of abundance) dimer>>tetramer>monomer, but when isolated from pseudoparticles, 09N1 existed in the forms dimer>monomer>>>tetramer. After deletion of 09s60, 09N1 existed in the forms monomer>>>dimer. AH N1 from pseudoparticles existed in the forms monomer>>dimer, but after insertion of 09s60, it existed in the forms dimer>>monomer. Deletion/insertion of 09s60 did not alter the NA glycosylation pattern of 09N1 or AH N1. The 09N1 was more sensitive than the AH N1 to the NA inhibitor oseltamivir, suggesting that the infectivity-enhancing effect of oseltamivir correlates with robust NA activity.
Postoperative IOP is related to intrascleral bleb height in eyes with clinically flat blebs following deep sclerectomy with collagen implant and mitomycin

Aim To investigate the relationship between intrascleral bleb height and intraocular pressure (IOP) following deep sclerectomy with collagen implant (DSCI) and mitomycin C (MMC) in eyes with clinically flat blebs. Methods The records of 25 eyes of 22 consecutive patients presenting with clinically flat blebs following DSCI with MMC for primary or secondary open angle glaucoma were reviewed. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) scans were used to evaluate postoperative intrascleral bleb height and its relation to IOP control. Eyes requiring postoperative bleb manipulations, needling or goniopunctures were excluded. Results The mean age of the patients was 71.9±12.6 years, and the mean preoperative IOP was 25.3±5.6 mm Hg. The mean time of the AS-OCT examination from the operation was 8±4.9 months, and the mean IOP at that time was 13.8±4.2 mm Hg (p<0.001). All operated eyes manifested an intrascleral bleb with AS-OCT. The mean intrascleral bleb height was 0.58±0.16 mm. IOP and intrascleral bleb height were found to be inversely correlated (p<0.001, r=−0.626). None of the eyes had subconjuctival blebs, and 17/25 eyes showed microscopic conjuctival fluid collections. Conclusion The authors report a positive inverse correlation between intrascleral bleb height and postoperative IOP in eyes presenting clinically flat blebs following DSCI with MMC, suggesting an important role for intrascleral filtration in lowering IOP. Further studies are warranted to evaluate this relationship at different postoperative time points and possibly with different types of implants.
The Exaggerated Death of Geography

Globalisation and digitalisation have been presented as inescapable forces which signal the 'death of geography'; this article takes issue with this fashionable narrative. The counter argument that 'geography matters' is pursued in three ways: first, by questioning the 'distance-destroying' capacity of information and communication technologies, where social depth is conflated with spatial reach; second, by arguing that physical proximity may be essential for some forms of knowledge exchange; and third, by charting the growth of territorial innovation systems.
Simulating past changes in the balance between water demand and availability and assessing their main drivers at the river basin scale

In this study we present an integrative modeling framework aimed at assessing the balance between water demand and availability and its spatial and temporal variability over long time periods. The model was developed and tested over the period 1971–2009 in the Herault (2500 km 2 , France) and the Ebro (85 000 km 2 , Spain) catchments. Natural streamflow was simulated using a conceptual hydrological model. The regulation of river flow was accounted for through a widely applicable demand-driven reservoir management model applied to the largest dam in the Herault Basin and to 11 major dams in the Ebro Basin. Urban water demand was estimated from population and monthly unit water demand data. Water demand for irrigation was computed from irrigated area, crop and soil data, and climatic forcing. Water shortage was assessed at a 10-day time step by comparing water demand and availability through indicators calculated at strategic resource and demand nodes. The outcome of this study is twofold. First, we were able to correctly simulate variations in influenced streamflow, reservoir levels and water shortage between 1971 and 2009 in both basins, taking into account climatic and anthropogenic pressures and changes in water management strategies over time. Second, we provided information not available through simple data analysis on the influence of withdrawals and consumptive use on streamflow and on the drivers of imbalance between demand and availability. Observed past variations in discharge were explained by separating anthropogenic and climatic pressures in our simulations: 3% (20%) of the decrease in the Herault (Ebro) discharge were linked to anthropogenic changes. Although key areas of the Herault Basin were shown to be highly sensitive to hydro-climatic variability, the balance between water demand and availability in the Ebro Basin appears to be more critical, owing to high agricultural pressure on water resources. The modeling framework developed and tested in this study will be used to assess water balance under climatic and socioeconomic prospective scenarios and to investigate the effectiveness of adaptation policies aimed at maintaining the balance between water demand and availability.
E-LEARNING IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: ACCEPTANCE AMONGST STUDENTS AND STAFF

This paper presents an investigation into the appro val of e-learning tools and applications in higher education institutions. The developments of e-learning tools are still very tim e-consuming and require commitment and enthusiasm of university staff. This study investigates if e-learning tools are worth th e investment and if students as well as academic st aff accept these as new innovative learning tools. The investigation is based around t wo e-learning tools which were developed at Newcastle University to support the learning experience of students in the area of Geom atics. A virtual traverse and a levelling e-learning tool were developed to provide students with an opportun ity to improve, enhance and test their learning experience and knowledge in a G eomatics context. It was hoped that the tools would provide a replacement for the cancelation and cut-backs of fieldcourses and pract icals due to escalating cost (both financial and st aff time) in recent years. Both tools were created as interactive tools, which requ ire the students to perform measurements, calculati ons and answer questions, thereby offering a learning tool as close to a real practical exercise as possible. Immediate feedback is provided to the students for measurements and calculations to confirm or offer t he students a chance to improve and assess their le arning. Both tools were made available to different cohorts of undergraduate students at Newcastle University v ia the University’s website. Students were encouraged to use the e-learning tool s in preparation to practicals and the fieldcourse, as well as for exam revision. No formal assessment was linked to the use of the e-le arning tool, therefore students were using the tool on a volunteering basis. This paper will present the results and analysis of the student’s feedback to using e-learning tools, assessing thereby if e-learning tools find acceptance among students but also unive rsity teaching staff. Students and university staff members were questioned regarding their opinion of e-learning as teaching t ools. The opinion of academic staff was rather cons ervative regarding the replacement of traditional teaching methods, such a s practicals and seminars, with e-learning. Student s on the other side were a lot more open to e-learning tools and certainly saw pot ential in them as learning tools. However, the ques tionnaires as well as monitoring of the use of the tools showed that stud ents require an incentive to use the tools, i.e. an assessment. This paper will show that the development of e-learning tools may seem e xiting and innovative, but the student’s acceptance of these tools has to be considered in their development, so resources and t ime can be allocated appropriately.
Impact of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Foliar Spray of Selenium on Growth, Yield and Chemical Constituents of Potato plants

Two field experiments were carried out in El -Kassasin region, Ismailia Governorate during 2009 and 2010 seasons to study the effect of both nitrogen (N) fertilizer (at 0,150,200 and250 kg N fed -1 rates) and selenium (Se) spray (at 0, 20, and 40g fed -1 . rates) on the vegetative growth, tuber yield and chemical composition of Potato plants. Results showed that nitrogen application resulted in an increase in the vegetative growth, tuber yield and quality parameters as compared with the untreated plants. Data also demonstrated that selenium application promoted plant growth, tuber yield and quality over the control treatments. The interaction effects between different nitrogen rates and selenium application significantly promoted growth parameters compared with nitrogen and/or Se alone treatments, with respect to all growth and quality characters. Protein, starch, total carbohydrates, N, P and K percentages in shoots and tubers showed similar response to N and Se applications.
Systematic Review of Yoga Interventions for Anxiety Reduction Among Children and Adolescents.

OBJECTIVE Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychological disorders among children and youths. There is growing interest in intervention options for anxiety. Yoga is widely used in clinical, school, and community settings, but consolidated sources outlining its effectiveness in reducing anxiety are limited. METHOD This systematic review examined the evidence base (1990-2014) for yoga interventions addressing anxiety among children and adolescents (ages 3-18 yr). RESULTS We identified 2,147 references and found 80 articles that were eligible for full-text review. The final analysis included 16: 6 randomized controlled trials, 2 nonrandomized preintervention-postintervention control-group designs, 7 uncontrolled preintervention-postintervention studies, and 1 case study. CONCLUSION Nearly all studies indicated reduced anxiety after a yoga intervention. However, because of the wide variety of study populations, limitations in some study designs, and variable outcome measures, further research is needed to enhance the ability to generalize and apply yoga to reduce anxiety.
The global baby bust.

You awaken to news of a morning traffic jam. Leaving home early for a doctors appointment you nonetheless arrive too late to find parking. After waiting two hours for a 15-minute consultation you wait again to have your prescription filled. All the while you worry about the work youve missed because so many other people would line up to take your job. Returning home to the evening news you watch throngs of youths throwing stones somewhere in the Middle East and a feature on disappearing farmland in the Midwest. A telemarketer calls for the third time telling you "We need your help to save the rain forest. " As you set the alarm clock for the morning one neighbors car alarm goes off and anothers air conditioner starts to whine. So goes a day in the life of an average American. It is thus hardly surprising that many Americans think overpopulation is one of the worlds most pressing problems. To be sure the typical Westerner enjoys an unprecedented amount of private space. Compared to their parents most now live in larger homes occupied by fewer children. They drive ever-larger automobiles in which they can eat smoke or listen to the radio in splendid isolation. Food is so abundant that obesity has become a leading cause of death. (excerpt)
Multiple process execution in cache related preemption delay analysis

Cache prediction for preemptive scheduling is an open issue despite its practical importance. First analysis approaches use simplified models for cache behavior or they assume simplified preemption and execution scenarios that seriously impact analysis precision. We present an analysis approach which considers multiple executions of processes and preemption scenarios for static priority periodic scheduling. The results of our experiments show that caches introduce a strong and complex timing dependency between process executions that are not appropriately captured in the simplified models.
Comparative clinical investigation of horizontal condylar inclination using the JMA electronic recording system and a protrusive wax record for setting articulators.

PURPOSE The rationale for recording protrusive mandibular movement is to accurately adjust an articulator. Techniques to record condylar inclination include extraoral tracings and intraoral recording materials. This study compared horizontal condylar inclination angles (HCI) recorded with a protrusive interocclusal record and an electronic pantographic device, the Jaw Motion Analyzer (JMA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-three volunteers (12 females; 11 males; mean age 46.7 years) were selected for this study. First, a protrusive interocclusal wax record after 5 mm protrusive movement was taken from the volunteers and the HCI angles were determined after mounting the volunteers' casts in 2 different articulators (SAM 2; Reference SL). Second, kinematic hinge axis and the HCIs were recorded after 5 mm protrusive movement from protrusive jaw tracks recorded with the JMA. ICC and mean values for HCI were used for statistical analysis. Mean differences of HCI between the measuring methods were compared by Bland Altman Plots. RESULTS The agreement of the HCI between the articulators determined by the protrusive record was good. The mean HCI value recorded with the JMA was significantly higher compared to the values of the protrusive wax records. There was no agreement found between the different methods for calculating the HCI. CONCLUSION A large variance in articulator settings obtained by interocclusal records is often found. The JMA was found reliable and valid for measuring HCI values. Within the limitations of this study, the use of a pantographic device should be considered for individually adjusting articulators rather than the use of protrusive records.
8.5 A 60%-efficiency 20nW-500µW tri-output fully integrated power management unit with environmental adaptation and load-proportional biasing for IoT systems

As Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems proliferate, there is a greater demand for small and efficient power management units. Fully integrated switched-capacitor (SC) DC-DC converters are promising candidates due to their small form factor and low quiescent power, aided by dynamic activity scaling [1-3]. However, they offer a limited number of conversion ratios, making them challenging to use in actual systems since they often require multiple output voltages (to reduce power consumption) and use various input power sources (to maximize flexibility). In addition, maintaining both high efficiency and fast load response is difficult at low output current levels, which is critical for IoT devices as they often target low standby power to preserve battery charge. This paper presents a fully integrated power management system that converts an input voltage within a 0.9-to-4V range to 3 fixed output voltages: 0.6V, 1.2V, and 3.3V. A 7-stage binary-reconfigurable DC-DC converter [1-2] enables the wide input voltage range. Three-way dynamic frequency control maintains converter operation at near-optimum conversion efficiency under widely varying load conditions from 5nW to 500μW. A proposed load-proportional bias scheme helps maintain high efficiency at low output power, fast response time at high output power and retains stability across the entire operating range. Analog drop detectors improve load response time even at low output power, allowing the converter to avoid the need for external sleep/wakeup control signals. Within a range of 1-to-4V input voltage and 20nW-500μW output power, the converter shows >60% conversion efficiency, while maintaining responsiveness to a 100× sudden current increase.
A Time Delay Compensation Method Based on Area Equivalence For Active Damping of an LCL -Type Converter

Control of the LCL-type three-phase grid-connected converter is difficult due to high resonance peak of the LCL filter. Active damping is the state-of-the-art solution to this problem, but the damping performance will be affected by the inherent time delay of digital control, especially for high-power low switching frequency applications. Based on a discrete-time stability analysis of an LCL-type converter with capacitor-current-feedback active damping, a simple and effective time delay compensation method, which is based on area equalization concept, is proposed. The method can reduce the negative impact of the computation delay significantly. It has the potential to serve as a general solution to time delay compensation of a digitally controlled PWM converter. The validity of the proposed method is proved by experimental results.
Nordic Pharmacy Schools’ Experience in Communication Skills Training

Objective. To assess communication skills training at Nordic pharmacy schools and explore ways for improvement. Methods. E-mail questionnaires were developed and distributed with the aim to explore current practice and course leaders’ opinions regarding teaching of patient communication skills at all the 11 master level Nordic (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden) pharmacy schools. The questionnaires contained both closed- and open-ended questions. Results. There was a variation of patient communication skills training among schools. In general, communication skills training was included in one to five courses (mode 1); varied in quantity (6-92 hours); had low use of experiential training methods; and had challenges regarding assessments and acquiring sufficient resources. However, some schools had more focus on such training. Conclusion. The results show room for improvement in patient communication skills training in most Nordic pharmacy schools and give insights into how to enhance communication skill building in pharmacy curricula. Suggestions for improving the training include: early training start, evidence-based frameworks, experiential training, and scaffolding.
Treatment of Metatarsalgia by Sliding Distal Metatarsal Osteotomy

A consecutive series of 113 patients who had distal sliding metatarsal osteotomy performed between 1976 and 1983 at Winford Orthopaedic Hospital were reviewed. All patients originally had symptoms and signs of pressure metatarsalgia. A total of 124 feet in 94 patients were available for assessment. Review was performed using a symptomatic scoring system, clinical examination, AP and lateral standing radiographs, and walking foot pressure studies obtained from a Harris-Beath mat. The mean follow-up period was 3 years and 4 months (range nine to 102 months). Symptomatically, 58 feet (47%) were rated as good, 43 (34%) as fair, and 23 (19%) as poor. Eighteen feet (14%) had required revision procedures prior to the time of review because of persistent symptoms. Persistent tender prominence of one or more metatarsal heads associated with plantar callosities was seen in 49 feet (40%). Results were significantly worse in patients older than 65 years of age, when first and fifth metatarsal osteotomies were performed, and when plaster immobilization was used postoperatively.
Employee attitudes and job satisfaction

This article identifies three major gaps between HR practice and the scientific research in the area of employee attitudes in general and the most focal employee attitude in particular—job satisfaction: (1) the causes of employee attitudes, (2) the results of positive or negative job satisfaction, and (3) how to measure and influence employee attitudes. Suggestions for practitioners are provided on how to close the gaps in knowledge and for evaluating implemented practices. Future research will likely focus on greater understanding of personal characteristics, such as emotion, in defining job satisfaction and how employee attitudes influence organizational performance. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.