Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association between atrial fibrillation and central sleep apnea.

BACKGROUND We previously described an association between atrial fibrillation and central sleep apnea in a group of patients with congestive heart failure. We hypothesized that the prevalence of atrial fibrillation might also be increased in patients with central sleep apnea in the absence of other cardiac disease. METHODS AND RESULTS We compared the prevalence of atrial fibrillation in a series of 60 consecutive patients with idiopathic central sleep apnea (apnea-hypopnea index > 10 events per hour, > 50% central events) with that in 60 patients with obstructive sleep apnea (apnea-hypopnea index > 10, > 50% obstructive events) and 60 patients without sleep apnea (apnea-hypopnea index < 10), matched for age, sex, and body mass index. Subjects with a history of congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, or stroke were excluded from the study. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation among patients with idiopathic central sleep apnea was found to be significantly higher than the prevalence among patients with obstructive sleep apnea or no sleep apnea (27%, 1.7%, and 3.3%, respectively, P < .001). However, hypertension was most common and oxygen desaturation most extreme among patients with obstructive sleep apnea. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that there is a markedly increased prevalence of atrial fibrillation among patients with idiopathic central sleep apnea in the absence of congestive heart failure. Moreover, the high prevalence of atrial fibrillation among patients with idiopathic central sleep apnea is not explainable by the presence of hypertension or nocturnal oxygen desaturation, since both of these were more strongly associated with obstructive sleep apnea.
Thinking through moments of sexual refusal in Looking for Alibrandi and The Rage in Placid Lake

Abstract This paper explores two scenarios in which young women refuse the sexual advances of young men in the films Looking for Alibrandi and The Rage in Placid Lake. The paper highlights the heteronormative nature of education around refusing sex, which reinstates gendered stereotypes of masculine as active and feminine as passive. Acknowledging sex education literature over the past ten years which has highlighted that ambiguity, confusion and uncertainty are often absent in the teaching of sex education, the paper examines key moments in films and the feelings they convey, suggesting that such instances offer significant potential for building young people’s affective sexual literacies. By exploring and critiquing the justifications for sex given by the young men, and by considering the Catholic Josie in Looking for Alibrandi alongside the secular Gemma in The Rage in Placid Lake, the multiplicity of reasons for young women’s decisions to abstain from sex are highlighted. Noting the absence of ethical engagements in such moments, it is suggested that thinking through them may be beneficial in enabling conversations regarding negotiation in sexual encounters.
The crisis with no name: Defining the interplay of culture, ethnicity, and race on organizational issues and media outcomes

This study is the first to provide best practices exclusively for communication about crises that involve issues of culture, ethnicity, and/or race from expert crisis managers' perspectives. Using complexity theory as a framework, this study provides an in-depth, theoretically grounded understanding of managing issues and crises involving culture, ethnicity and/or race through the experiences of 34 senior crisis communicators. Complex insider perspectives suggest that responsibility for crisis management must move beyond any managerial bias to become more organic, normative, inclusive, and community spirited. First, issues and crises involving culture, ethnicity, and/or race are defined, laying a foundation for future theory development on ways these issues can become or exacerbate crises. Second, research participants’ stories coalesce to produce best practices and a useful decision-making framework for practical application in organizations.
Diagnosis and treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

Mendoza, S. A. (1976). Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 23, 681-690. Millichap, J. G. (1968). Febrile Convulsions, pp. 151-153. Macmillan, New York. Mor, J., Ben-Galin, E. , and Abrahamov, A. (1975). Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in an infant with severe pneumonia. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 129, 133-135. Nyhan, W. L. , and Cooke, R. E. (1956). Symptomatic hyponatraemia in acute infections of the central nervous system. Pediatrics, 18, 604-613. Ounsted, C. (1976). Bridges joining the basic sciences and clinical practice. Brain Dysfunction in Infantile Febrile Convulsions, p. 245. Ed. by M. A. B. Brazier, and F. Coceani. International Brain Research Organisation Monograph Series, 2. Raven Press, New York. Rutter, N. , and Smales, 0. R. C. (1977). Role of routine investigations in children presenting with their first febrile convulsion. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 52, 188-191. Suskind, R. M. , Brunilow, S. W. , and Zehr, J. (1972). Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone produced by vincristine toxicity (with bioassay of ADH level). Journal of Pediatrics, 81, 90-92.
Balancing the Vocational: The Theory and Practice of Liberal Education in Tourism

Research into the tourism curriculum has tended to concentrate on appropriate vocational elements. By contrast, this paper examines the theory and practice of liberal aspects of a tourism curriculum. The theoretical strand develops the underlying liberal concepts of truth, breadth, coherence, ‘the good life’ and liberation. The practical strand considers how these might be achieved through curriculum strategies in tourism such as encouraging reflection within modules, complementary studies, undergraduate projects, research methods, great books, and critical tourism studies. Finally, the limitations of a liberal curriculum are addressed.
Marine dinoflagellates show induced life-history shifts to escape parasite infection in response to water–borne signals

Many dinoflagellate species form dormant resting cysts as a part of their life cycle, and in some freshwater species, hatching of these cysts can be delayed by the presence of water–borne signals from grazing zooplankton. Some marine dinoflagellates can form temporary cysts, which may function to resist unfavourable short–term environmental conditions. We investigated whether the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii is able to induce an increased resistance to the parasitic flagellate Parvilucifera infectans by forming temporary cysts. We performed several laboratory experiments where dinoflagellates were exposed either to direct contact with parasites or to filtered water from cultures of parasite–infected conspecifics (parasite–derived signals). Infection by P. infectans is lethal to motile A. ostenfeldii cells, but temporary cysts were more resistant to parasite infection. Furthermore, A. ostenfeldii induced a shift in life–history stage (from motile cells to temporary cysts) when exposed to parasite–derived water–borne signals. The response was relaxed within a couple of hours, indicating that A. ostenfeldii may use this behaviour as a short–term escape mechanism to avoid parasite infection. The results suggest that intraspecies chemical communication evoked by biotic interactions can be an important mechanism controlling life–history shifts in marine dinoflagellates, which may have implications for the development of toxic algal blooms.
The Non-Surgical Treatment of Peyronie Disease: 2013 Update

Peyronie disease is a common cause of penile deformity and sexual dysfunction. Although surgery is regarded as the definitive management for this condition, there are many medical and minimally invasive therapies available, with widely varying efficacy reported in the literature. The purpose of this review is to describe the current state-of-the-art for each of the most commonly used as well as several developing non-surgical treatments. Further, we hope to offer perspectives that will aid practitioners in deciding among these treatments that are either already in use or have the potential to be used as alternatives to surgery in the management of this frustrating disease.
Impact of psychological capital on innovative performance and job stress

We investigated the impact of psychological capital (PsyCap) on supervisory-rated innovative performance and job stress. Data collected from a diverse sample (N = 237 paired responses) of employees from various organizations in Pakistan provided good support for the hypotheses. The results indicate that PsyCap is positively related to innovative job performance and negatively related to job stress. High PsyCap individuals were rated as exhibiting more innovative behaviours by their supervisors than low PsyCap individuals. Particularly, we found that high PsyCap individuals were more likely to generate, acquire support for, and implement novel ideas in their workplace. Similarly, individuals with high PsyCap reported lower levels of job stress as compared to their low PsyCap counterparts. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Resume Nous avons etudie l'impact du capital psychologique (PsyCap) sur la performance novatrice evaluee par un superviseur et le stress au travail. Les donnees collectees a partir d'un echantillon varie (N = 237 reponses couplees) d'employes de plusieurs organisations au Pakistan ont amplement appuye nos hypotheses. Les resultats montrent que le PsyCap est positivement relie a la performance novatrice au travail et negativement relie au stress professionnel. Les superviseurs estiment que les employes ayant un PsyCap eleve ont des comportements plus novateurs que les personnes ayant un PsyCap faible. De facon plus specifique, l'etude revele que les personnes qui ont un PsyCap eleve sont plus susceptibles de generer, de faire appuyer et de mettre en œuvre des idees novatrices a leur lieu de travail. Par ailleurs, ces personnes affirment avoir de faibles niveaux de stress professionnel comparativement a leurs collegues qui ont un PsyCap faible.
Resectable pancreatic small cell carcinoma

Primary pancreatic small cell carcinoma (SCC) is rare, with just over 30 cases reported in the literature. Only 7 of these patients underwent surgical resection with a median survival of 6 months. Prognosis of SCC is therefore considered to be poor, and the role of adjuvant therapy is uncertain. Here we report two institutions' experience with resectable pancreatic SCC. Six patients with pancreatic SCC treated at the Johns Hopkins Hospital (4 patients) and the Mayo Clinic (2 patients) were identified from prospectively collected pancreatic cancer databases and re-reviewed by pathology. All six patients underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy. Clinicopathologic data were analyzed, and the literature on pancreatic SCC was reviewed. Median age at diagnosis was 50 years (range 27–60). All six tumors arose in the head of the pancreas. Median tumor size was 3 cm, and all cases had positive lymph nodes except for one patient who only had five nodes sampled. There were no perioperative deaths and three patients had at least one postoperative complication. All six patients received adjuvant therapy, five of whom were given combined modality treatment with radiation, cisplatin, and etoposide. Median survival was 20 months with a range of 9–173 months. The patient who lived for 9 months received chemotherapy only, while the patient who lived for 173 months was given chemoradiation with cisplatin and etoposide and represents the longest reported survival time from pancreatic SCC to date. Pancreatic SCC is an extremely rare form of cancer with a poor prognosis. Patients in this surgical series showed favorable survival rates when compared to prior reports of both resected and unresectable SCC. Cisplatin and etoposide appears to be the preferred chemotherapy regimen, although its efficacy remains uncertain, as does the role of combined modality treatment with radiation.
Teaching as Transaction: Vygotskian Perspectives on Deafness and Mother-Child Interaction

This study examines the processes by which mothers communicate with their hearing and deaf preschool children during a problem-solving task. Mothers and children from three matched groups—hearing mother-hearing child, hearing mother-deaf child, and deaf mother-deaf child—were videotaped while the mother taught the child to assemble a wooden pyramid. Hearing mothers of deaf children were less likely to adapt their interactional strategies to meet their children's communicative needs and achieve intersubjectivity than were the other mothers. Findings support Vygotsky's dialectical notion of cognitive development.
Mood Matters: But How Much? A Comment on Lane and Terry (2000)

Comments are provided in relation to Lane and Terrys (2000) conceptual model of mood and performance. Concern is raised regarding the authors focus upon mood as the moderator of performance to the neglect of other phenomena such as cognition and emotion. In discussing general models of mood, a stronger emphasis upon the investigation of the nature of positive precompetitive moods is highlighted, particularly esteem-related symptoms. Lane and Terrys conceptual model is then examined with reference to the salience of depressed mood in moderating mood-performance relationships. An adapted interactional model of stress as applied to athletic competition (Cerin, Szabo, Hunt, & Williams, 2000), incorporating other psychological phenomena, is then outlined for future investigation into the relationship between precompetitive symptoms and performance.
Contraction-induced increase in Vmax of palmitate uptake and oxidation in perfused skeletal muscle.

To evaluate the effects of contractions on the kinetics of uptake and oxidation of palmitate in a physiological muscle preparation, rat hindquarters were perfused with glucose (6 mmol/l), albumin-bound [1-14C]palmitate, and varying amounts of albumin-bound palmitate (200-2,200 micro mol/l) at rest and during muscle contractions. When plotted against the unbound palmitate concentration, palmitate uptake and oxidation displayed simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics with estimated maximal velocity (Vmax) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values of 42.8 +/- 3.8 (SE) nmol . min-1 . g-1 and 13.4 +/- 3.4 nmol/l for palmitate uptake and 3.8 +/- 0.4 nmol . min-1 . g-1 and 8.1 +/- 2.9 nmol/l for palmitate oxidation, respectively, at rest. Whereas muscle contractions increased the Vmax for both palmitate uptake and oxidation to 91.6 +/- 10.1 and 16.5 +/- 2.3 nmol . min-1 . g-1, respectively, the Km remained unchanged. Vmax and Km estimates obtained from Hanes-Woolf plots (substrate concentration/velocity vs. substrate concentration) were not significantly different. In the resting perfused hindquarter, an increase in palmitate delivery from 31.9 +/- 0.9 to 48.7 +/- 1.2 micro mol . g-1 . h-1 by increasing perfusate flow was associated with a decrease in the fractional uptake of palmitate so that the rates of uptake and oxidation of palmitate remained unchanged. It is concluded that the rates of uptake and oxidation of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) saturate with an increase in the concentration of unbound LCFA in perfused skeletal muscle and that muscle contractions, but not an increase in plasma flow, increase the Vmax for LCFA uptake and oxidation. The data are consistent with the notion that uptake of LCFA in muscle may be mediated in part by a transport system.
The Role of Identity Salience and Commitment in the Stress Process

The relationship between identity and stress has been the focus of numerous studies. An assumption of much of this research is that the impact of stress on psychological distress is exacerbated when it threatens identities that are important to an individual's self-definition. In this study we investigate the moderating effect of identity in the stress process. Specifically, we examine whether identity salience and commitment influence the relationship between role-strain and depression, as well as between strain and self-evaluation (i.e., self-esteem and mastery). Using longitudinal data, we find some support that commitment moderates the relationship between strain in the student identity and both mastery and depression. Our findings indicate that the extent to which identity meaning exacerbates the effect of strain on self-evaluation and well-being depends on the type of strain, the particular identity characteristic, and the outcome variable examined.
Living with neophilia: Case notes from the new NHS

This paper considers the extent, experience and consequences of living with neophilia in the English National Health Service (NHS). Drawing on notes from an ethnographic case study of a new partnership between doctors and nurses in primary care, this paper considers how a fetish for novelty may both drive and destroy developments in organising. The context for the study is a national system driven by the demands of neophilia for over a quarter of a century. It is a system in which new answers to persistent problems of access, cost and equity are sought through innovation, novelty and change. Yet the results of each new change are disappointing as old problems re‐emerge and national‐level neophilia appears defunct. Searching for an alternative to the dysfunctional aspects of nationalised neophilia, this paper focuses on the possibility of engaging more localised experiences of innovation in organising. Employing Douglas’ grid–group model of cultural theory, this paper explores the attempts of a group of doctors and nurses to develop the New Partnership. The partnership is shown to be new in so far as it stands as an example of that which Douglas defines as an egalitarian enclave, challenging dominant traditions of organising. However, it soon becomes clear that a fetish for innovation on the part of local neophiliacs is no less problematic than for their national counterparts. In a contribution to our understanding of neophilia, this paper considers how an accounting for different organising cultures can help to explain and possibly pre‐empt the processes and problems of living with newness.
Barankin-Type Lower Bound on Multiple Change-Point Estimation

We compute lower bounds on the mean-square error of multiple change-point estimation. In this context, the parameters are discrete and the Cramér-Rao bound is not applicable. Consequently, we focus on computing the Barankin bound (BB), the greatest lower bound on the covariance of any unbiased estimator, which is still valid for discrete parameters. In particular, we compute the multi-parameter version of the Hammersley- Chapman-Robbins, which is a Barankin-type lower bound. We first give the structure of the so-called Barankin information matrix (BIM) and derive a simplified form of the BB. We show that the particular case of two change points is fundamental to finding the inverse of this matrix. Several closed-form expressions of the elements of BIM are given for changes in the parameters of Gaussian and Poisson distributions. The computation of the BB requires finding the supremum of a finite set of positive definite matrices with respect to the Loewner partial ordering. Although each matrix in this set of candidates is a lower bound on the covariance matrix of the estimator, the existence of a unique supremum w.r. t. to this set, i.e., the tightest bound, might not be guaranteed. To overcome this problem, we compute a suitable minimal-upper bound to this set given by the matrix associated with the Loewner-John Ellipsoid of the set of hyper-ellipsoids associated to the set of candidate lower-bound matrices. Finally, we present some numerical examples to compare the proposed approximated BB with the performance achieved by the maximum likelihood estimator.
A Test of Racial Bias in Capital Sentencing

We propose a test of bias based upon patterns of judicial errors. We model the trial court as minimizing a weighted sum of type I and II errors. We define racial bias a situation where the weight depends on defendant/victim race. If the court is unbiased, the error rate should be independent of the combination defendant/victim race. We test this prediction using an original dataset on all capital appeals in 1973-1995. We find that in the first and last stage of appeal the probability of error is 3 and 9 percentage points higher for minority defendants who killed white (vs. minority) victims.
Nitrogen and phosphorus distribution in a constructed wetland fed with treated swine slurry from an anaerobic lagoon

Nitrogen and phosphorus distribution in a constructed wetland fed with treated swine slurry from an anaerobic lagoon were studied. The methodology considered a daily meteorological monitoring site. During 2011 to 2012, water, soil and plants (Schoenoplectus californicus (C.A. Méyer) Sójak, Typha angustifolia (L.)) were seasonally sampled (spring and fall) into the constructed wetland. During study period, results showed that rainfall was the main factor of maintenance hydraulic conditions, while evapotranspiration was driver of variations in water storage level. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from the water phase were up to 54% and 37%, respectively. Onto soil were adsorbed over 70% nitrogen and 65% phosphorus. Phosphorus was less mobile than nitrogen, since it was bound to oxides Fe-Mn. Inorganic nitrogen species were affected by level water and seasonal vegetable maturation. During spring, N-NH4+ was the predominant soil species, while in the fall, N-NO3− was dominant near the belowground part of Sc and NH4+ near to the belowground zone of Ta. In addition, nutrients uptake was less than 30% with 64% aboveground-spring and 85% belowground-fall for both plants. Findings showed nitrification process evidences when water levels are below 0.1 m.
Curb Your Theory! A Circumspective Approach for Inclusive Interpretation of Disjunctive Information

We introduce curbing, a new nonmonotonic technique of commonsense reasoning that is based on model minimality but unlike circumscription treats disjunction inclusively. A finitely axiomatized first-order theory T is transformed to a formula Curb(T) whose set of models is defined as the smallest collection of models which contains all minimal models of T and which is closed under formation of minimal upper bounds with respect to inclusion. We first give an intuitive definition of Curb in third-order logic and then show how Curb can be equivalently expressed in second-order logic. We study the complexity of inferencing from a curbed propositional theory and present a PSPACE algorithm for this problem. Finally, we address different possibilities to approximate the curb of a theory.