Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of supplementation with locally available foods on stunting: A review of theory and evidence

There is vigorous debate and mixed evidence concerning what diets or how many food groups can be used to prevent stunting in resource poor settings. Inherently, recommendations focus on food supply, availability and access other than household functions, behaviours and child care practices. We review the evidence on the effects of supplementation using locally available diverse and non-diverse foods on stunting among children below the age of five years. We review evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa, where 22 of the 34 countries that contribute to ninety percent of the global burden of stunting are. We searched the empirical literature that captured anthropometry outcomes for children of age 0-5 years. Studies assessing the effects of fortified foods, or food used for treatment rather than prevention were excluded. Four studies are reviewed. Only one study provided food supplements comprising seven locally available food items, while the others provided fewer food items. The studies show that supplementing with diverse local foods has neither superior nor inferior linear growth benefits than supplementing with non-diverse local foods. We however find positive and consistent significant effects especially of milk and maternal factors on preventing wasting and underweight. Our review demonstrates that supplementing with locally available foods is feasible in resource poor settings. Our findings partially substantiate the challenges of prescribing the quality or a threshold of food groups for the prevention of stunting. Due to limited evidence, further research on local diverse and non-diverse supplementation is required.
Forensic neuropsychological test usage: An empirical survey

Abstract The frequency with which various psychological tests are administered in forensic evaluations was assessed. Data was gathered from reports of adult personal injury evaluations by 100 examiners identified as experts in neuropsychology. A rank ordering of tests from most to least used by examiners was created. For example, the most frequently used tests were the WAIS-R, MMPI, WMS-R, Trails A & B, Finger Oscillation Test, Bender-Gestalt, Category Test, and Wisconsin Card-Sorting Test. Selected comparisons were made of test ranking from earlier surveys. Implications of findings for examiners and expert witnesses are considered.
Discrete emotional crossover in the workplace: the role of affect intensity

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide theoretical and practical insight into the process of crossover with the proposition that affect intensity is an important explanatory mechanism of crossover.Design/methodology/approach – This paper provides an empirical and conceptual overview of the construct of crossover, and addresses key gaps in the literature by proposing a process of discrete emotional crossover. It is proposed that individual differences in affect intensity may moderate and/or explain the crossover of discrete emotions in the workplace.Findings – This paper responds to the call of various researchers within the crossover field by putting forth a unique explanation for the occurrence of crossover. This explanation draws significantly on emotions theory and research.Originality/value – This paper is unique in its presentation of affect intensity as a moderator of the crossover process and in its discussion of the crossover of discrete emotions such as joy and fear rather than the cro.
Urban African American Males’ Perceptions of School Counseling Services

Using a qualitative framework, researchers explored urban African American male students’ perceptions of their school counselors and the ways to improve school counseling services. While participants reported positive feelings toward their school counselors, they identified specific services school counselors can offer them to optimize academic and personal/social performance. The authors discuss the findings’ implications on urban school counseling service delivery.
Does Spinal Alignment Influence Acetabular Orientation: a Study of Spinopelvic Variables and Sagittal Acetabular Version

Although hip alignment and spinal alignment have been studied individually, there is little information concerning the relationship between them. The questions addressed in this study are: (i) Is there a reproducible measure of sagittal plane acetabular orientation; (ii) Is sagittal plane acetabular orientation determined more by pelvic incidence (PI) or acetabular wall coverage?
To Appear in Computational Linguistics Adaptive Multilingual Sentence Boundary Disambiguation

The sentence is a standard textual unit in natural language processing applications. In many languages the punctuation mark that indicates the end-of-sentence boundary is ambiguous; thus the tokenizers of most NLP systems must be equipped with special sentence-boundary recognition rules for every new text collection. As an alternative, this article presents an efficient, trainable system for sentence boundary disambiguation. The system, called Satz, makes simple estimates of the parts of speech of the tokens immediately preceding and following each punctuation mark, and uses these estimates as input to a machine learning algorithm that then classifies the punctuation mark. Satz is very fast both in training and sentence analysis, and its combined robustness and accuracy surpass existing techniques. The system needs only a small lexicon and training corpus, and has been shown to transfer quickly and easily from English to other languages, as demonstrated on French and German.
Connectivity of Caribbean coral populations: complementary insights from empirical and modelled gene flow

Understanding patterns of connectivity among populations of marine organisms is essential for the development of realistic, spatially explicit models of population dynamics. Two approaches, empirical genetic patterns and oceanographic dispersal modelling, have been used to estimate levels of evolutionary connectivity among marine populations but rarely have their potentially complementary insights been combined. Here, a spatially realistic Lagrangian model of larval dispersal and a theoretical genetic model are integrated with the most extensive study of gene flow in a Caribbean marine organism. The 871 genets collected from 26 sites spread over the wider Caribbean subsampled 45.8% of the 1900 potential unique genets in the model. At a coarse scale, significant consensus between modelled estimates of genetic structure and empirical genetic data for populations of the reef‐building coral Montastraea annularis is observed. However, modelled and empirical data differ in their estimates of connectivity among northern Mesoamerican reefs indicating that processes other than dispersal may dominate here. Further, the geographic location and porosity of the previously described east–west barrier to gene flow in the Caribbean is refined. A multi‐prong approach, integrating genetic data and spatially realistic models of larval dispersal and genetic projection, provides complementary insights into the processes underpinning population connectivity in marine invertebrates on evolutionary timescales.
Gender and Grade Level Differences in Taiwan Students’ Stereotypes of Science and Scientists

Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore student‐held images of science and scientists according to gender and grade level and the reasons behind them. A drawing activity and interviews‐about‐instance on the theme of science and scientists were administered to a total of 297 students (153 male and 144 female students) from three elementary and three middle schools in Taiwan. The results show male students being more strongly influenced by public stereotypes of science and scientists at a younger age compared with female students. However, a significantly larger number of males made a change in accepting non‐stereotypical science/scientists images as they increased in age, particularly grade 8 boys. Grade 8 girls were found to be most open to the idea of women working as scientists, yet those same female students were, for the most part, incapable of imagining themselves pursuing a science‐related career because of being afraid of being labelled as loo capable when compared with male peers. Throug.
Violence and Commitment

Dating couples were given the Conflict Tactics Scale and measures of emotional commitment. Members of a couple were tested at the same time with no opportunity to compare responses during the session. For violence and verbal aggression, participants reported on acts inflicted and received. For commitment, they indicated their own level of commitment and rated the commitment of their partners. This permitted an examination of three sorts of similarity: between the partners, between self-rating and one's perception of the partner, and between rating of the partner and the partner's self-report. One third of couples had at least one member who reported violence, but prevalence dropped to less than 20% when both members' responses were taken into account. There was little agreement about who did what to whom. Violent couples reported greater commitment to the relationship but were also more likely to disagree with one another's level of emotional commitment.
Integrating Peer Mentoring into the Psychology Curriculum: From an Extended Induction to an Academic Skills Course

New undergraduate students embarking on a psychology degree face a host of potential challenges when making the transition from school to university. The School of Psychology at Newcastle University introduced a peer mentoring scheme in 2008 in order to support students in making this transition, help them develop academic skills and facilitate social integration within the cohort. In order to improve the scheme, the peer mentoring was integrated into a new academic skills module called Psychological Enquiry, in 2010. Evaluation showed that the three deliveries of the peer mentoring (2008, 2009 and 2010) were generally well received by both students and mentors. The students especially valued the opportunity to get to know peers on their course in a small group setting. Attendance at the mentoring sessions was higher in 2010 compared with the previous years. Integrating the peer mentoring within a formal module structure allowed for greater interplay between staff-led teaching and peer-based support, and contributed to making the sessions more relevant to the students.
Challenging inequality in Australian schools: Gonski and beyond

In this paper I look at the most recent policy attempt to address the intractable issue of inequality in Australian schools, the Review of Funding for Schooling Final Report (2011), colloquially known as the ‘Gonski Report’, or simply ‘Gonski’. I highlight its important insights and some of its analytical limitations. I show how a fixation on sector-by-sector (government, Catholic and independent) analysis and disputation distracts from layers of disadvantage and advantage across all sectors, while also acknowledging that there is a disproportionate concentration of disadvantage in the government sector which must thus be properly funded. I illustrate how socio-educational advantage (SEA) and disadvantage are compounded and how the social segregation between schools on the top and bottom rungs is manifest and with associated problems. As implied throughout, systemic relational analysis, which recognises that educational advantage and disadvantage are mutually constituted is a diagnostic necessity which is absent in the Gonski Report and which thus led it to focus on disadvantaged schools rather than on the systemic relationships that also contribute to disadvantage. It is thus rather timid in its recommendations. Even so, I argue, it deserves support because the problems it identifies and seeks to address are dire.
Why Should Faculty Be Involved in Supplemental Instruction?

Because instructor-led Supplemental Instruction (SI) offers additional benefits in student learning and engagement over the more traditional peer-led model, in this article the author argues that faculty should consider participating in SI sessions. Benefits to participating in instructor-led SI include: students spend more time on task in faculty-led sessions, earn higher grades on exams, meaningfully interact with their professor (even in a large enrollment class), appreciate working collaboratively with their peers, and report gains in their academic self-confidence. As such, while still a relatively understudied intervention strategy, faculty-led SI warrants greater study and attention.
Strict Local Martingales, Bubbles, and No Early Exercise

We show pathological behavior of asset price processes modeled by continuous strict local martingales under a risk-neutral measure. The inspiration comes from recent results on nancial bubbles. We analyze, in particular, the eect of the strict nature of the local martingale on the usual formula for the price of a European call option, especially a strong anomaly when call prices decay monotonically with maturity. A complete and detailed analysis for the archetypical strict local martingale, the reciprocal of a three dimensional Bessel process, has been provided. Our main tool is based on a general h-transform technique (due to Delbaen and Schachermayer) to generate positive strict local martingales. This gives the basis for a statistical test to verify a suspected bubble is indeed one (or not).
Multiscale modelling of DNA mechanics

Mechanical properties of DNA are important not only in a wide range of biological processes but also in the emerging field of DNA nanotechnology. We review some of the recent developments in modeling these properties, emphasizing the multiscale nature of the problem. Modern atomic resolution, explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations have contributed to our understanding of DNA fine structure and conformational polymorphism. These simulations may serve as data sources to parameterize rigid base models which themselves have undergone major development. A consistent buildup of larger entities involving multiple rigid bases enables us to describe DNA at more global scales. Free energy methods to impose large strains on DNA, as well as bead models and other approaches, are also briefly discussed.
Supine and upright haemodynamic effects of sublingual nitroglycerin and inhaled salbutamol: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study

Objectives: Pulse wave analysis is widely applied to measure the haemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin and salbutamol as an endothelium-independent and endothelium-dependent vasodilator, respectively. The recordings are usually performed in supine position from 10 to 20 successive heartbeats without simultaneous measurement of vascular resistance and cardiac function. Our objective was to examine the effects of nitroglycerin and salbutamol on central haemodynamics, arterial stiffness, cardiac function, and vascular resistance in supine and upright positions. Methods: A placebo-controlled, randomized and double-blinded passive head-up tilt protocol was performed after sublingual nitroglycerin (0.25 mg) or inhaled salbutamol (400 &mgr;g) in 35 healthy volunteers. Continuous tonometric pulse wave analysis, whole-body impedance cardiography, and plethysmographic finger blood pressure recordings were applied. Results: Nitroglycerin decreased aortic and finger blood pressure, radial DBP, vascular resistance, augmentation index and pulse wave velocity, and increased heart rate, cardiac index, stroke index and aortic reflection time (P < 0.030 for all). Salbutamol moderately decreased radial and aortic blood pressure and finger DBP, augmentation index and vascular resistance, but increased heart rate and cardiac index (P < 0.030 for all). Almost all of the strong haemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin were emphasized during the head-up tilt, whereas the effects of salbutamol on heart rate and cardiac index were more pronounced in the supine position. Conclusion: The haemodynamic changes induced by nitroglycerin and salbutamol were dependent on body position: the effects of nitroglycerin were accentuated during the head-up tilt, whereas those of salbutamol were more evident in the supine position.
Constitutive and instrumental goal orientations and their relations with eudaimonic and hedonic well-being

This study investigated an Aristotelian model of eudaimonic and hedonic well-being that distinguishes between goal orientations in which the means and ends are separable (instrumental) and in which the means and ends are inherently related (constitutive). Eudaimonic well-being was expected to be related to constitutive goal orientation and hedonic well-being was expected to be related to both constitutive and instrumental goal orientation. Personal identification with activities was expected to mediate the relationship between constitutive goal orientation and eudaimonic well-being. Personal enjoyment was expected to mediate the relationship between instrumental goal orientation and hedonic well-being. Factor analysis supported the independence of constitutive and instrumental goal orientation measures. As predicted, SEM results suggested that there were independent pathways to eudaimonic and hedonic well-being, with strong mediation in both pathways. Results were consistent with Aristotle's [Aristotle (1999). The Nicomachean ethics (M. Ostwald, Trans.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ] concept of eudaimonia and contribute to the growing literature exploring the contrast between eudaimonic and hedonic well-being.
Toxicity Profile of Temozolomide in the Treatment of 300 Malignant Glioma Patients in Korea

This study evaluated the toxicity profiles of temozolomide in the treatment of malignant glioma as either concurrent or adjuvant chemotherapy. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 300 malignant glioma patients treated with temozolomide in two medical institutions in Korea between 2004 and 2010. Two hundred nine patients experienced a total of 618 toxicities during temozolomide therapy. A total of 84.8% of the 618 toxicities were Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 1 or 2, while 15.2% were grade 3 or 4. Among the hematologic toxicities, thrombocytopenia (13.7%), anemia (11.0%), and AST/ALT increases (7.0%) were common. Among the non-hematologic toxicities, nausea (44.3%), vomiting (37.0%), and anorexia (14.3%) were the three most common toxicities. There was no mortality due to temozolomide. Although temozolomide showed many types of toxicities, the majority of the toxicities were tolerable and of lower grade. Gastrointestinal troubles are the most common toxicities in Korean patients treated with temozolomide. Graphical Abstract
A missense mutation in the rpoC gene affects chromosomal replication control in Escherichia coli

An RNA polymerase mutant with a single-base-pair change in the rpoC gene affects chromosome initiation control. The mutation, which is recessive, is a G to A transition leading to the substitution of aspartate for glycine at amino acid residue 1033 in the RNA polymerase beta' subunit. The chromosome copy number is increased twofold in the mutant at semipermissive growth temperatures (39 degrees C). In a delta oriC strain, in which chromosome initiation is governed by an F replicon, chromosome copy number is not affected. Plasmid pBR322 copy number is also increased in the mutant at 39 degrees C. The mutation causes a more than fivefold increased expression of the dnaA gene at 39 degrees C. It is conceivable that it is this high DnaA concentration which causes the high chromosome copy number and that the mutant RNA polymerase beta' subunit exerts its effect by altering the expression of the dnaA gene. However, other factors must be affected as well to explain why the RNA polymerase mutant can grow in a balanced fashion with a high chromosome concentration. This is in contrast to wild-type cells, which exhibit higher origin concentrations when DnaA protein is overproduced, but in which the overall DNA concentration is only moderately affected.
Sustainability of the Turkish PAYGO System's Generosity in People's Eyes

An unsustainable pay-as-you-go system produces two outcomes: generous social security wealth and uncertainty about this wealth. Consistent with the literature, the results of my previous study indicate that the unprecedented generosity of the Turkish paygo boosts consumption. In this present study, when the second effect is controlled, the results imply that declining expectations on the sustainability of the paygo system may reduce consumption. What is the net consequence of these two opposite effects on consumption? This paper models this ambiguity in the literature and confirms its existence for Turkey.
Morbidity and Mortality in Anemia 3 2 . 3 Folic acid deficiency anemia

A growing body of research suggests that anemia is independently associated with morbidity and mortality in the general population as well as in patients with chronic diseases where the prevalence of anemia is high (1-4). Anemia prognosis depends on the underlying cause of the anemia. However, the severity of the anemia, its etiology, and the rapidity with which it develops can each play a significant role in the prognosis. Similarly, the age of the patient and the existence of other co-morbid conditions influence outcome. Higher mortality rates are almost always observed in patients with anemia. Many studies (511) identified anemia as an independent factor impacting mortality and provided the evidence that management of anemia, independent of other risk factors, improves mortality rates. In one study (3), independent of the underlying disease, anemia was associated with increased mortality in chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure and acute myocardial infarction patients; increased morbidity in chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure and cancer radiotherapy patients; and decreased quality of life in chronic kidney disease and cancer patients. In addition to its impact upon mortality, anemia also significantly influences morbidity. Multiple studies support this assertion especially in patients with chronic kidney disease and heart failure (12-17).
Observer design for the Lur'e differential inclusion system with Markovian jumping parameters

This article deals with the observer design for the Lur'e differential inclusion system with Markovian jumping parameters. The set-valued mapping in the system is assumed to be upper semi-continuous, closed, convex, bounded and monotone. The full-order and reduced-order observers are designed to make the corresponding error systems exponentially stable in the mean square, respectively. The criteria are given to guarantee the existence of both full-order and reduced-order observers. The rotor system is considered as an example to show the validity of the proposed method.