Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endogenous ribosomal frameshift signals operate as mRNA destabilizing elements through at least two molecular pathways in yeast

Although first discovered in viruses, previous studies have identified operational −1 ribosomal frameshifting (−1 RF) signals in eukaryotic genomic sequences, and suggested a role in mRNA stability. Here, four yeast −1 RF signals are shown to promote significant mRNA destabilization through the nonsense mediated mRNA decay pathway (NMD), and genetic evidence is presented suggesting that they may also operate through the no-go decay pathway (NGD) as well. Yeast EST2 mRNA is highly unstable and contains up to five −1 RF signals. Ablation of the −1 RF signals or of NMD stabilizes this mRNA, and changes in −1 RF efficiency have opposing effects on the steady-state abundance of the EST2 mRNA. These results demonstrate that endogenous −1 RF signals function as mRNA destabilizing elements through at least two molecular pathways in yeast. Consistent with current evolutionary theory, phylogenetic analyses suggest that −1 RF signals are rapidly evolving cis-acting regulatory elements. Identification of high confidence −1 RF signals in ∼10% of genes in all eukaryotic genomes surveyed suggests that −1 RF is a broadly used post-transcriptional regulator of gene expression.
Concepts into practice: meeting the challenge of development of entrepreneurship educators around an innovative paradigm

Purpose – This paper aims to explore a range of conceptual and practical challenges faced in delivering an innovative programme targeted at staff of UK higher Education (HE) and further education (FE) institutions. The two major foci of the programme are: on the pedagogies and organization of knowledge required to provide a true “feel” for the life world, values and ways of behaving of entrepreneurs in very different academic disciplinary contexts; and on strategically and operationally making things happen in the participant institution.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is action research‐focused. Its aim is to explore the validity of a concept of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education which is truly interdisciplinary. It tests out in practice a “Mastery” model of an entrepreneurship educator in HE and FE.Findings – The basic structure of the model is found to be appropriate as is its social constructionist view of education upon which it is founded. Importantly it values learning through .
It takes a community : A study of supervision in the Our Lady of the Lake University-Houston M.S. in Psychology program

Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright, please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
Accuracy comparison of time difference of arrival based source localization methods

The position of an electromagnetic, acoustic or seismic source can be obtained by spatially separated synchronize receivers. Using the time differences between the receivers, hyperbolic lines of position is defined and the target can be localized at the intersect point of them. Different algorithms based on time difference of arrival nonlinear and linear algorithms can be found in literature. In this study, nonlinear least square, maximum likelihood, linear least square and weighted linear least square methods are compared each other's. Additionally, the mean square errors are compared with the Cramer-Rao lower bound for different receiver geometries and noise levels.
Cognitive Assessment System.

The Cognitive Assessment System (CAS) (Naglieri & Das, 1997a) is a multidimensional measure of ability based on a cognitive and neuropsychological processing theory called Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, and Successive (PASS) (Naglieri, 1999a, 2005). The PASS theory described by Naglieri and Das (1997b, 2005) is a reconceptualization of intelligence largely, but not solely, based on the neuropsychological work of A. R. Luria (1966, 1973, 1980, 1982). The four processes that make up the PASS theory represent a blend of cognitive and neuropsychological constructs, such as executive functioning (Planning) and selective attention (Attention), including tests that in the past were often arguably described as nonverbal/visual-spatial (Simultaneous) and sequencing/memory (Successive) (Naglieri & Das, 2002). The PASS theory is a different approach to understanding intelligence that not only expands the idea of what ‘‘abilities’’ should be measured, but also stresses the significance of basic psychological or cognitive processes. Additionally, the functions of the brain that encompass the PASS processes are considered the building blocks of ability conceptualized within a cognitive processing framework. While the theory may have its roots in neuropsychology, ‘‘its branches are spread over developmental and educational psychology’’ (Varnhagen & Das, 1986, p. 130). Thus, with its connections to developmental and cognitive processing, the PASS theory offers an advantage in explanatory power over the notion of traditional general intelligence (Naglieri & Das, 2002).
Therapy for Specific Problems Therapy for Specific Problems : Youth Tobacco Cessation

There appears to be a universal desire to understand individual differences. This common desire exhibits both universal and culturally specific features. Motivations to view oneself positively differ substantially across cultural contexts, as do a number of other variables that covary with this motivation (i.e., approach-avoidance motivations, internalexternal frames of reference, independent-interdependent views of self, incremental-entity theories of abilities, dialectical self-views, and relational mobility). The structure of personality traits, particularly the five-factor model of personality, emerges quite consistently across cultures, with some key variations noted when the structure is drawn from indigenous traits in other languages. The extent to which each of the Big 5 traits is endorsed in each culture varies considerably, although we note some methodological challenges with comparing personality traits across cultures. Finally, although people everywhere can conceive of each other in terms of personality traits, people in collectivistic cultures appear to rely on traits to a lesser degree when understanding themselves and others, compared with those from individualistic cultures. 369 A nn u. R ev . P sy ch ol . 2 00 9. 60 :3 69 -3 94 . D ow nl oa de d fr om a rj ou rn al s. an nu al re vi ew s. or g by H A R V A R D U N IV E R SI T Y o n 03 /0 6/ 09 . F or p er so na l u se o nl y. ANRV364-PS60-14 ARI 27 October 2008 16:18
Braced for Action Control: Behavioral, EEG, and FMRI Evidence

1 Subject Definition and Research Objectives 1 2 Theoretical and Empirical Outline 4 2.1 Online Action Control 4 2.2 Sequence-Related Reactive Regulation of Action Control 7 2.3 Cue-Induced Prospective Regulation of Action Control 10 2.3.1 The Neural Networks of Rule Use 12 2.4 Arousal and Action Control 14 3 Summary of Studies 17 3.1 Study 1: Sequence-Related Reactive Regulation of Action Control 17 3.2 Study 2: Cue-Induced Prospective Regulation of Action Control 19 3.3 Study 3: Arousal and Action Control 22 4 General Discussion 25 5 Future Directions 34
Differentiation of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 8 strains: evaluation of three additional phage typing systems, plasmid profiles, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and biotyping

Three additional phage typing systems for Salmonella enteritidis, plasmid analysis, biochemical tests, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests, were used in an attempt to subdivide 30 phage type 8 (phage typing system used by the WHO International Center for Enteric Phage Typing, London, England) isolates. These isolates represented 18 different egg-related outbreaks (21 strains) and 9 reference strains or strains that were not egg-associated. Only 7 of the 30 strains (28%) were subdivided by one or more of the methods used; this included 3 of the 21 strains from egg-related outbreaks. Twenty-seven strains contained a 55-kb plasmid that is associated with S. enteritidis. Of 65 additional phages tested, 2 from the phage typing system obtained from the Pasteur Institute, Paris, France, were useful in differentiating the three strains that lacked the 55-kb plasmid. Although the results obtained for the 21 strains from egg-related outbreaks showed that the strains had minor phenotypic differences, the overall results suggested that the strains may represent a single clone. Studies are planned to test additional phages and other typing methods to see whether strains of phage type 8 can be further differentiated.
DEV induce autophagy via the endoplasmic reticulum stress related unfolded protein response

Duck enteritis virus (DEV) can infect ducks, geese, and many other poultry species and leads to acute, septic and highly fatal infectious disease. Autophagy is an evolutionarily ancient pathway that plays an important role in many viral infections. We previously reported that DEV infection induces autophagy for its own benefit, but how this occurs remains unclear. In this study, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was triggered by DEV infection, as demonstrated by the increased expression of the ER stress marker glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and the dilated morphology of the ER. Pathways associated with the unfolded protein response (UPR), including the PKR-like ER protein kinase (PERK) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) pathways, but not the activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) pathway, were activated in DEV-infected duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cells. In addition, the knockdown of both PERK and IRE1 by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) reduced the level of LC3-II and viral yields, which suggested that the PERK-eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) and IRE1-x-box protein1 (XBP1) pathways may contribute to DEV-induced autophagy. Collectively, these data offer new insight into the mechanisms of DEV -induced autophagy through activation of the ER stress-related UPR pathway.
Guidelines for biological treatment of substance use and related disorders, part 1: Alcoholism, first revision

Abstract These practice guidelines for the biological treatment of alcohol use disorders are an update of the first edition, published in 2008, which was developed by an international Task Force of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP). For this 2016 revision, we performed a systematic review (MEDLINE/PUBMED database, Cochrane Library) of all available publications pertaining to the biological treatment of alcoholism and extracted data from national guidelines. The Task Force evaluated the identified literature with respect to the strength of evidence for the efficacy of each medication and subsequently categorised it into six levels of evidence (A–F) and five levels of recommendation (1–5). Thus, the current guidelines provide a clinically and scientifically relevant, evidence-based update of our earlier recommendations. These guidelines are intended for use by clinicians and practitioners who evaluate and treat people with alcohol use disorders and are primarily concerned with the biological treatment of adults with such disorders.
Socialnomics: How Social Media Transforms the Way We Live and Do Business

Praise for Socialnomics "It's obvious that Erik Qualman's passion is social media. " Dan Heath, New York Times bestselling coauthor of Made to Stick and Switch "People are hot for social media . Erik Qualman says it's about listening first, then selling. " Forbes "Erik Qualman has been doing his homework on the social media phenomenon. " The Huffington Post "This is a must-read for anyone trying to leverage the social graph rather than be squashed by it. " Steve Kaufer, CEO, TripAdvisor "You learn a lot about someone from how they treat their moms. Erik is a trustworthy guy. " Chris Brogan, New York Times bestselling author of Trust Agents and Social Media 101 "Qualman is to social media what Demming is to quality and Drucker to management. " Scott Galloway, Professor, Stern School of Business, NYU The newly revised and updated guide to the social media revolution! Welcome to the world of Socialnomicswhere consumers and the societies they create online have profound effects on our economy and the businesses that operate within it. Online word of mouth, social search, social commerce, and the influence of peer groups are making traditional marketing strategies obsolete. As a result, we no longer have a choice on whether we do social media; the question is how well we do it. Join Erik Qualman in Socialnomics for a fascinating look at the business implications of social media, and tap its considerable power to increase sales, cut marketing costs, and communicate directly with consumers.
Derinat Protects Skin against Ultraviolet-B (UVB)-Induced Cellular Damage

Ultraviolet-B (UVB) is one of the most cytotoxic and mutagenic stresses that contribute to skin damage and aging through increasing intracellular Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Derinat (sodium deoxyribonucleate) has been utilized as an immunomodulator for the treatment of ROS-associated diseases in clinics. However, the molecular mechanism by which Derinat protects skin cells from UVB-induced damage is poorly understood. Here, we show that Derinat significantly attenuated UVB-induced intracellular ROS production and decreased DNA damage in primary skin cells. Furthermore, Derinat reduced intracellular ROS, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and DNA damage in the skin of the BALB/c-nu mice exposed to UVB for seven days in vivo. Importantly, Derinat blocked the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels (TRPCs), as demonstrated by calcium imaging. Together, our results indicate that Derinat acts as a TRPCs blocker to reduce intracellular ROS production and DNA damage upon UVB irradiation. This mechanism provides a potential new application of Derinat for the protection against UVB-induced skin damage and aging.
Some optimal inapproximability results

We prove optimal, up to an arbitrary 2 > 0, inapproximability results for Max-Ek-Sat for k ≥ 3, maximizing the number of satisfied linear equations in an over-determined system of linear equations modulo a prime p and Set Splitting. As a consequence of these results we get improved lower bounds for the efficient approximability of many optimization problems studied previously. In particular, for Max-E2-Sat, Max-Cut, Max-di-Cut, and Vertex cover.
Homocysteine and arterial thrombosis: Challenge and opportunity

Summary The correlation between homocysteine and vascular disease has been assessed in several clinical studies that demonstrated that elevation of plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) was an independent risk factor for atheriosclerotic disease. Major advances of homocysteine metabolism disorders have been made during the last few years, encompassing the rare homozygous enzyme deficiencies, as well as more common milder abnormalities. In experimental and clinical studies, a homocysteine-mediated oxidant stress has been shown to trigger platelet activation, in turn leading to a tendency to thrombosis, in patients with severe hyperhomocysteinaemia. Likewise, the hypomethylation hypothesis on acquired hyperhomocysteinaemia (chronic renal disease) and the interrelationship between hyperhomocysteinaemia and impaired fibrinolysis, have added further biological plausibility to the role for hyperhomocysteinaemia in vascular medicine. However, whether hyperhomocysteinaemia is causal or a marker of vascular disease, and whether plasma tHcy is only an indicator of the metabolic status remains to be clarified. The role of the intake of some vitamins (folic acid, vit.B12, vit.B6) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) is poorly understood: in spite of the lowering of homocysteine (Hcy) levels, vitamin supplementation failed to exert significant effects on cardiovascular risk. On the other hand, although some lipid-modifying treatments increase Hcy levels in diabetics, there is no evidence that this attenuates the beneficial effects of such treatments on the cardiovascular risk. Because of these uncertainties in the area, the data available do not provide support for routine screening and treatment for elevated Hcy to prevent CVD.
Metabolite profiling and cardiovascular event risk: a prospective study of 3 population-based cohorts.

BACKGROUND High-throughput profiling of circulating metabolites may improve cardiovascular risk prediction over established risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS We applied quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics to identify the biomarkers for incident cardiovascular disease during long-term follow-up. Biomarker discovery was conducted in the National Finnish FINRISK study (n=7256; 800 events). Replication and incremental risk prediction was assessed in the Southall and Brent Revisited (SABRE) study (n=2622; 573 events) and British Women's Health and Heart Study (n=3563; 368 events). In targeted analyses of 68 lipids and metabolites, 33 measures were associated with incident cardiovascular events at P<0.0007 after adjusting for age, sex, blood pressure, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and medication. When further adjusting for routine lipids, 4 metabolites were associated with future cardiovascular events in meta-analyses: higher serum phenylalanine (hazard ratio per standard deviation, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-1.24; P=4×10(-10)) and monounsaturated fatty acid levels (1.17; 1.11-1.24; P=1×10(-8)) were associated with increased cardiovascular risk, while higher omega-6 fatty acids (0.89; 0.84-0.94; P=6×10(-5)) and docosahexaenoic acid levels (0.90; 0.86-0.95; P=5×10(-5)) were associated with lower risk. A risk score incorporating these 4 biomarkers was derived in FINRISK. Risk prediction estimates were more accurate in the 2 validation cohorts (relative integrated discrimination improvement, 8.8% and 4.3%), albeit discrimination was not enhanced. Risk classification was particularly improved for persons in the 5% to 10% risk range (net reclassification, 27.1% and 15.5%). Biomarker associations were further corroborated with mass spectrometry in FINRISK (n=671) and the Framingham Offspring Study (n=2289). CONCLUSIONS Metabolite profiling in large prospective cohorts identified phenylalanine, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids as biomarkers for cardiovascular risk. This study substantiates the value of high-throughput metabolomics for biomarker discovery and improved risk assessment.
Generic modes of consensus formation in stochastic language dynamics

We introduce a class of stochastic models for the dynamics of two linguistic variants that are competing to become the single, shared convention within an unstructured community of speakers. Different instances of the model are distinguished by the way agents handle variability in the language (i.e., multiple forms for the same meaning). The class of models includes as special cases two previously studied models of language dynamics, the Naming Game, in which agents tend to standardize on variants that they have encountered most frequently, and the Utterance Selection Model, in which agents tend to preserve variability by uniform sampling of a pool of utterances. We reduce the full complexities of the dynamics to a single-coordinate stochastic model which allows the probability and time taken for speakers to reach consensus on a single variant to be calculated for large communities. This analysis suggests that in the broad class of models considered, consensus is formed in one of three generic ways, according to whether agents tend to eliminate, accentuate or sample neutrally the variability in the language. These different regimes are observed in simulations of the full dynamics, and for which the simplified model in some cases makes good quantitative predictions. We use these results, along with comparisons with related models, to conjecture the likely behaviour of more general models, and further make use of empirical data to argue that in reality, biases away from neutral sampling behaviour are likely to be small.
Propanediol utilization genes (pdu) of Salmonella typhimurium: three genes for the propanediol dehydratase

The propanediol utilization (pdu) operon of Salmonella typhimurium encodes proteins required for the catabolism of propanediol, including a coenzyme B12-dependent propanediol dehydratase. A clone that expresses propanediol dehydratase activity was isolated from a Salmonella genomic library. DNA sequence analysis showed that the clone included part of the pduF gene, the pduABCDE genes, and a long partial open reading frame (ORF1). The clone included 3.9 kbp of pdu DNA which had not been previously sequenced. Complementation and expression studies with subclones constructed via PCR showed that three genes (pduCDE) are necessary and sufficient for propanediol dehydratase activity. The function of ORF1 was not determined. Analyses showed that the S. typhimurium propanediol dehydratase was related to coenzyme B12-dependent glycerol dehydratases from Citrobacter freundii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Unexpectedly, the S. typhimurium propanediol dehydratase was found to be 98% identical in amino acid sequence to the Klebsiella oxytoca propanediol dehydratase; this is a much higher identity than expected, given the relationship between these organisms. DNA sequence analyses also supported previous studies indicating that the pdu operon was inherited along with the adjacent cobalamin biosynthesis operon by a single horizontal gene transfer.
Brain lateralization in children : developmental implications

Introduction. Best, The Emergence of Cerebral Asymmetries in Early HumanDevelopment. Witelson, Kiger, Anatomical Development of the Human Corpus Cailosum. Denenberg, Laterality in Animals. Turkewitz, A Prenatal Source for the Developmentof Hemispheric Specialization. Normal Development. Introduction. Hiscock, Behavioural Asymmetries in Normal Children. Molfese, Betz, Electrophysiological Correlates. Davidson, Fox, Cerebral Asymmetry and Emotion. Harris, Right-brain Training. Handedness and Intellectual Development. Introduction. Gordon, The Effect of "Right Brain/Left Brain" Cognitive Profiles on School Achievement. Kinsbourne, Sinistrality, Brain Organization,and Cognitive Deficits. Satz, Soper, Orsini, Human and Preference. Harris, Carlson, Is Left-handedness Pathological? Atypical Development. Introduction. Liederman, Misconceptions and New Conceptions about Early Brain Damage Function Asymmetry and Behavioural Outcome. Netley, Rovet, The Development of Cognition and Personality in X Aneuploids and Other Subject Groups. Aram, Whitaker, Cognitive Sequelae of Unilateral Lesions Acquired in Early Childhood. Dawson, Autism. Brumback, Childhood Depression and Medically-treatable Learning Disability. Learning Disabled Children. Introduction. Bryden, Does Laterality Make A Difference? Kershner, DualProcessing Models of Learning Disability. Rourke, Fisk, Subtypes. Obrzut, Deficient Lateralization. Gordon, The Effect of "Right Brain/Left Brain" Cognitive Profiles onSchool Achievement. Gibson, The Impact of EarlyDevelopmental History on Cerebral Asymmetries.
Mitochondrial genome of Protobothrops mucrosquamatus (Squamata: Viperidae: Crotalinae)

Protobothrops mucrosquamatus is the endangered snake that is distributed in southwestern China and other adjacent countries of Asia. We determined the complete mitochondrial genome of P. mucrosquamatus. The circle genome with the total length of 17,233 bp contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 2 control regions. Overall base composition of the complete mtDNA was 32.98% A, 25.17% T, 29.19% C and 12.67% G. All the genes in P. mucrosquamatus were distributed on the H-strand, except for the ND6 subunit gene and eight tRNA genes that were encoded on the L-strand.