Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social cognitions in children with emotional and behavioural problems

The existence of emotional and behavioural problems in young children has been extensively documented. Such problems have a substantial impact on children themselves, their families, their schools, and society more generally. A basic tenet of social cognitive psychology is that the way people think in their daily lives about themselves and their social world is linked with the way they behave. Based on this assumption, the main aim of this thesis was to explore whether and how children who show emotional and behavioural problems in the first year of primary school, differ from their nonproblem peers in the way they think about themselves and their relationships with their mothers, teachers and peers. Three studies were carried out. The first two dealt with the development of a standardised procedure for identifying emotional and behavioural problems in children in the first year of primary school. The third study endeavoured to explore social cognitions of the selected children. In the first study, 61 reception class teachers in London (England) evaluated three existing behaviour rating scales by providing assessments for children in their classes. One of these scales was further evaluated for use In India, In a normative study of 488 children. Using this measure, 210 children attending the first year In 26 primary schools were selected. Of these, 115 formed the target group- showing emotional and behavioural problems and the rest were their comparison children- free from reported problems but matched on gender within the same class. The children's social cognitions were examined in individual interviews. The measures used included the Harter Scale, Cassidy's Incomplete Stories With Doll Families and the Puppet Interview. The children in the target group scored significantly lower than the comparison group on all the measures except the Puppet Interview, depicting a less positive view of themselves and their relationships with their mothers, teachers and peers. Follow up analyses indicated that the differences in the two groups were largely due to those children who showed internalising or multiple problems. Children showing predominantly externalising problems did not differ significantly from their comparisons. The findings add to the literature by showing that a meaningful link exists
The Influence of Campaign Expenditures on Virginia House of Delegates Electoral Success

For decades economists and political scientists have sought to identify variables that influence the electoral success of public officials. Most of the existing literature Jbcuses on the determinants of ftderal elections. This study examines elections to the Virginia House of Delegates and finds that campaign expenditures, incumbency status, party affiliation, and district voting tendencies all are significant predictors of electoral success. Additionally, this study finds that the returns to campaign expenditures, in terms oqfthe additional votes that they generate, vary based on incumbency, party affiliation, number of opponents in the race, and over time.
Acute CO2‐independent vasodilatation of penetrating and pre‐capillary arterioles in mouse cerebral parenchyma upon hypoxia revealed by a thinned‐skull window method

Aim: Investigating spatio‐temporal relationship between regional metabolic changes and microvascular responses in hypoxic brain is critical for unravelling local O2‐sensing mechanisms. However, no reliable method to examine the relationship has been available because of inherent disadvantages associated with use of a conventional cranial window preparation. We aimed to devise a method to solve the problem.
On the relation between blind system identification and subspace tracking and associated generalizations

Blind system identification and subspace tracking represent two important classes of signal processing problems with a variety of applications. Although originally seemingly independent from each other, the related algorithms exhibit various commonalities. In this paper, we present a novel unified derivation of the corresponding classes of adaptation algorithms. This top-down approach both clarifies the algorithmic relations and also leads to various powerful generalizations of the algorithms. Due to the rigorous approach, we obtain important practical design rules for an efficient system design. By exploiting multiple stochastic signal properties, the treatment also includes practically useful relations to blind signal extraction and blind source separation algorithms.
The amphibian globin gene repertoire as revealed by the Xenopus genome

The draft genome sequence of the Western clawed frog Xenopus (Silurana) tropicalis facilitates the identification, expression analysis and phylogenetic classification of the amphibian globin gene repertoire. Frog and mammalian neuroglobin display about 67% protein sequence identity, with the expected predominant expression in frog brain and eye. Frog and mammalian cytoglobins share about 69% of their amino acids, but the frog protein lacks the mammalian-type extension at the C-terminus. Like in mammals, X. tropicalis cytoglobin is expressed in many organs including neural tissue. Neuroglobin and cytoglobin genomic regions are syntenically conserved in all vertebrate classes. Frog and fish globin X show only 57% amino acid identity, but gene synteny analysis confirms orthology. The expression pattern of X. laevis globin X differs from that in fish, with a prominent expression in the eye and weak expression in most other examined tissues. Globin X is possibly present as two paralogous copies in X. tropicalis, with one copy showing transition stages of non-functionalization. The amphibian genome contains a previously unknown globin type (tentatively named ‘globin Y’) which is expressed in a broad range of tissues and is distantly related to the cytoglobin lineage. The globin Y gene is linked to a cluster of larval and adult hemoglobin α and β genes which contains substantially more paralogous hemoglobin gene copies than previously published. Database and gene synteny analyses confirm the absence of a myoglobin gene in X. tropicalis.
Molecular Characterization of Pancreatic Neoplasms

Molecular analyses of neoplasms of the pancreas, coupled with careful histopathologic examination has helped refine the classification of pancreatic neoplasia. A number of molecularly and histologically distinct subtypes of pancreatic neoplasms have been identified and, importantly, many of these subtypes have important clinical implications. For example, most of the solid-pseudopapillary neoplasms harbor mutations in the β-catenin gene (CTNNB1), and, as a result, most solid-pseudopapillary neoplasms have an abnormal nuclear pattern of labeling with antibodies to the β-catenin protein. Clinically, patients with a solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm have a much better prognosis than do patients with ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Therefore, the immunolabeling of a pancreatic biopsy for the β-catenin protein can help identify patients with low-risk neoplasms. It is clear that the time is now ripe for a new modern classification of neoplasms of the pancreas; a classification that does not abandon gross and microscopic pathology, but which instead integrates molecular findings with gross, microscopic, and clinical findings.
Locomotion in diving elephant seals: physical and physiological constraints

To better understand how elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) use negative buoyancy to reduce energy metabolism and prolong dive duration, we modelled the energetic cost of transit and deep foraging dives in an elephant seal. A numerical integration technique was used to model the effects of swim speed, descent and ascent angles, and modes of locomotion (i.e. stroking and gliding) on diving metabolic rate, aerobic dive limit, vertical displacement (maximum dive depth) and horizontal displacement (maximum horizontal distance along a straight line between the beginning and end locations of the dive) for aerobic transit and foraging dives. Realistic values of the various parameters were taken from previous experimental data. Our results indicate that there is little energetic advantage to transit dives with gliding descent compared with horizontal swimming beneath the surface. Other factors such as feeding and predator avoidance may favour diving to depth during migration. Gliding descent showed variable energy savings for foraging dives. Deep mid-water foraging dives showed the greatest energy savings (approx. 18%) as a result of gliding during descent. In contrast, flat-bottom foraging dives with horizontal swimming at a depth of 400 m showed less of an energetic advantage with gliding descent, primarily because more of the dive involved stroking. Additional data are needed before the advantages of gliding descent can be fully understood for male and female elephant seals of different age and body composition. This type of data will require animal-borne instruments that can record the behaviour, three-dimensional movements and locomotory performance of free-ranging animals at depth.
A Rapid Method for Assessing the Distribution of Gold Labeling on Thin Sections

Particulate gold labeling on ultrathin sections is in widespread use for antigen localization at the EM level. To extend the usefulness of gold labeling technology, we are evaluating different methods for sampling and estimating quantities of gold labeling. Here we present a simple, rapid, and unbiased method for assessing the relative pool sizes of immunogold labeling distributed over different cell compartments. The method uses a sampling approach developed for stereology in which a regular array of microscopic fields or linear scans is positioned randomly on labeled sections. From these readouts, gold particles are counted and assigned to identifiable cell structures to construct a gold labeling frequency distribution of those labeled compartments. Here we use ultrathin cryosections labeled for a range of different proteins and for a signaling lipid. We show by scanning labeled sections at the electron microscope that counting 100–200 particles on each of two grids is sufficient to obtain a reproducible and rapid assessment of the pattern of labeling proportions over 10–16 compartments. If more precise estimates of labeling proportions over individual compartments are required (e.g., to achieve coefficients of error of 10–20%), then 100–200 particles need to be counted over each compartment of interest.
Stability of the Peierls instability for ring-shaped molecules.

We investigate the conventional tight-binding model of L π electrons on a ring-shaped molecule of L atoms with nearest-neighbor hopping. The hopping amplitudes t(w) depend on the atomic spacings w with an associated distortion energy V(w). A Hubbard-type on-site interaction as well as nearest-neighbor repulsive potentials can also be included. We prove that when L =4k +2 the minimum energy E occurs either for equal spacing or for alternating spacings (dimerization); nothing more chaotic can occur. In particular, this statement is true for the Peierls-Hubbard Hamiltonian, which is the case of linear t(w) and quadratic V(w), i.e., t(w)=t o−αw and V(w)=k(w −a)2,but our results hold for any choice of couplings or functions t (w) and V(w). When L =4k we prove that more chaotic minima can occur, as we show in an explicit example, but the alternating state is always asymptotically exact in the limit L→∞. Our analysis suggests three interesting conjectures about how dimerization stabilizes for large systems. We also treat the spin-Peierls problem and prove that nothing more chaotic than dimerization occurs for L =4k +2 and L =4k.
Ly 6 Chi Monocytes in the Inflamed Colon Give Rise to Proinflammatory Effector Cells and Migratory Antigen-Presenting Cells

Ehud Zigmond,1,3,9 Chen Varol,3,9 Julia Farache,1 Elinor Elmaliah,3 Ansuman T. Satpathy,4 Gilgi Friedlander,2 Matthias Mack,5 Nahum Shpigel,6 Ivo G. Boneca,7,8 Kenneth M. Murphy,4 Guy Shakhar,1 Zamir Halpern,3 and Steffen Jung1,* 1Department of Immunology 2Department of Biological Services The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel 3The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel 4Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA 5Department of Internal Medicine, University of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany 6Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel 7Institut Pasteur, Group Biology and Genetics of the Bacterial Cell Wall, 75015 Paris, France 8INSERM, Group Avenir, 75015 Paris, France 9These authors contributed equally to this work *Correspondence: s.jung@weizmann.ac. il http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.immuni. 2012.08. 026
Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) Coactivates the Cardiac-enriched Nuclear Receptors Estrogen-related Receptor-α and -γ

The transcriptional coactivator PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) has been characterized as a broad regulator of cellular energy metabolism. Although PGC-1α functions through many transcription factors, the PGC-1α partners identified to date are unlikely to account for all of its biologic actions. The orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) was identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a cardiac cDNA library as a novel PGC-1α-binding protein. ERRα was implicated previously in regulating the gene encoding medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), which catalyzes the initial step in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. The cardiac perinatal expression pattern of ERRα paralleled that of PGC-1α and MCAD. Adenoviral-mediated ERRα overexpression in primary neonatal cardiac mycoytes induced endogenous MCAD expression. Furthermore, PGC-1α enhanced the transactivation of reporter plasmids containing an estrogen response element or the MCAD gene promoter by ERRα and the related isoform ERRγ. In vitro binding experiments demonstrated that ERRα interacts with PGC-1α via its activation function-2 homology region. Mutagenesis studies revealed that the LXXLL motif at amino acid position 142–146 of PGC-1α (L2), necessary for PGC-1α interactions with other nuclear receptors, is not required for the PGC-1α·ERRα interaction. Rather, ERRα binds PGC-1α primarily through a Leu-rich motif at amino acids 209–213 (Leu-3) and utilizes additional LXXLL-containing domains as accessory binding sites. Thus, the PGC-1α·ERRα interaction is distinct from that of other nuclear receptor PGC-1α partners, including PPARα, hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α, and estrogen receptor α. These results identify ERRα and ERRγ as novel PGC-1α interacting proteins, implicate ERR isoforms in the regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism, and suggest a potential mechanism whereby PGC-1α selectively binds transcription factor partners.
LC3-Associated Phagocytosis Is Required for Dendritic Cell Inflammatory Cytokine Response to Gut Commensal Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The human fungal microbiota known as mycobiota is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in human gut health and disease. Non-pathogenic commensal yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae promote homeostasis in the gut, whereas dysbiosis of the gut mycobiota is associated with inflammation. Glycan-binding receptors (lectins) are key host factors in host–mycobiota interaction in the gut. They are expressed on immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) and recognize fungal polysaccharides. This interaction is imperative to mount appropriate immune responses for immune homeostasis in the gut as well as clearance of fungal pathogens. Recent studies demonstrate that microtubule-associated protein light-chain 3 (LC3)-associated phagocytosis (LAP) is involved in lectin–fungi interactions. Yet, the biological impact of LAP on the lectin function remains largely elusive. In this report, we demonstrate that in mouse LAP is linked to dendritic cell-associated lectin 2 (Dectin-2), a C-type lectin specific to fungal α-mannan polysaccharide. We found that mouse Dectin-2 recognizes commensal yeast S. cerevisiae and Kazachstania unispora. Mouse bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) produced inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1β in response to the yeasts in a Dectin-2 and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)-dependent manner. We found that S. cerevisiae and K. unispora induced LAP in mouse BMDCs upon internalization. Furthermore, LC3 was activated by stimulation of BMDCs with the yeasts in a Dectin-2 and Syk-dependent manner. To address the biological impact of LAP on Dectin-2 yeast interaction, we established a knock-in mouse strain (Atg16L1E230, thereafter called E230), which BMDCs exhibit autophagy-active and LAP-negative phenotypes. When stimulated with yeasts, E230 BMDCs produced significantly less amounts of TNFα and IL-1β. Taken together, we revealed a novel link between Dectin-2 and LAP that enables host immune cells to respond to mycobiota.
Intelligence and gender as predictors of academic achievement among undergraduate students.

There has been significant discussion concerning the causal preference of intelligence, gender and academic achievement. A number of researchers' have examined intelligence, gender and academic achievement as equal constructs. Others consider that intelligence and gender as predictors of academic achievement are reciprocal. At a standstill, others emphasize that intelligence and gender predict to achievement. This study examined intelligence and gender as predictors of academic achievement among undergraduate students. Participants (N= 153, 105 = male & 48= female) completed intelligence test and the cumulative grade point average (CGPA). The finding showed a lower correlation independent variables (score of intelligence and gender)and CGPA in this study. A multiple regression analysis revealed an interesting pattern of relationship. Further, multiple regression analyses indicated that intelligence and gender explained 0.019 of the variance in academic achievement.
PENGARUH PARTISIPASI ANGGARAN TERHADAP SENJANGAN ANGGARAN DENGAN PENEKANAN ANGGARAN DAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING(Studi Kasus Pada Dinas-Dinas Pemerintah Kabupaten Buleleng)

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh partisipasi anggaran terhadap senjangan anggaran dengan penekanan anggaran dan komitmen organisasi sebagai variabel moderating pada Dinas-Dinas Pemerintahan Kabupaten Buleleng. Kriteria responden yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu pejabat yang berkaitan dengan proses penyusunan, pelaksanaan dan pertanggungjawaban anggaran. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data primer, di mana data pada penelitian ini dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode survey melalui penyebaran kuesioner secara langsung kepada responden yang diukur menggunakan skala likert. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 323 orang, dimana jumlah sampel berjumlah 75 orang. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji normalitas, uji multikolinearitas, uji regresi linear sederhana, Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA), dan koefisien determinasi (R2). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) Terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara partisipasi penyusunan anggaran terhadap senjangan anggaran (2) Terdapat pengaruh interaksi yang positif dan signifikan antara penekanan anggaran terhadap hubungan antara partisipasi anggaran dengan senjangan anggaran. (3) Terdapat pengaruh interaksi yang negatif dan signifikan antara antara komitmen organisasi terhadap hubungan antara partisipasi anggaran dengan senjangan anggaran. Kata Kunci : Senjangan anggaran, partisipasi anggaran, penekanan anggaran, komitmen organisasi This present study was intended to identify the impact of the participation of budget on the budgetary slack in which emphasis was given on the budget and organization’s commitment as moderating variables in the Local Government Offices of Buleleng Regency. The respondents used in the present study were the officials who were involved in its preparation and implementation, and those who were responsible for the budget. The data used were the primary data which were collected using the survey method in which questionnaire was directly distributed to the respondents, and which were measured using the likert scale. The population totaled 323 and the sample totaled 75. The data were analyzed using the tests of validity, reliability, normality, multicolinearity, simple linear regression, Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA), and determination coefficient (R2). The results of the study showed that (1) the budgetary participation significantly and positively affected the budgetary slack; (2) there was a positive and significant interactional impact between the budget emphasis and the relation between the budgetary participation and the budgetary slack; (3) there was a negative and significant impact of interaction between the organization’s commitment and the budgetary participation on the relation between the budgetary participation and the budgetary slack. keyword : budgetary slack, budgetary participation, budget emphasis, organization’s commitment
Mental Life and Medical Illness: A Study of General Practice Patients

Most research on the mental life of medical patients has focused on personality characteristics said to influence the experience and reporting of physical symptoms. This is despite minimal support for personality as causally related to physical illness. The popularity of daydreaming (and dreaming) is widespread in the self-help market. Yet research definitions of mental life have seldom included imaginal activities. The aim of this research was to establish a health (and mental life) profile of patients in general practice to the west of Melbourne. The principal focus was to determine if the health of patients could be predicted by mental life. Two studies were conducted. The first study investigated mental life in the form of daydreaming. Patients, approached prior to their consultation with a general practitioner, completed the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), Severity of Physical Symptoms Checklist (SPSC), Daydream Frequency Scale (DFS), and Short Imaginal Processes Inventory (SIPI). The mental health of the sample was below the norm in the general population. The physical health of males, but not females, was also below the norm. Most patients reported less frequent daydreaming. They did, nevertheless, report more negative daydreams (than the norm). Patients unable to maintain sufficient mental control reported more negative daydreams, but not more (or fewer) positive daydreams. More negative daydreams predicted lower mental health. Patients reported fewer positive daydreams than the norm, and more positive daydreams did not improve their mental health. These findings were only partially consistent with the research literature. The second study sought to explore these findings further by determining if they were mediated by life orientation. Patients completed the Revised Life Orientation Scale (LOT-R), in addition to the SF-36 and SIPI. There were important sex differences in relationships between measures of mental life and mental health. For females, more pessimism was related to more negative daydreams and predicted lower mental health. For males, insufficient mental control predicted lower mental health. Consistent with the first study, positive daydreams (and optimism in the second study) was not related to male or female mental health. Results for females support recent research indicating that it is pessimism, and not optimism, that is the principal determinant of mental health. It is clear, however, that much more research on the correlates of male mental health, and how these differ from those of females, is warranted. The findings of the present research suggest that daydreaming is not a mundane activity: rather it is an important dimension of mental life requiring further consideration in mental health research.