Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are There Multiple Kinds of Episodic Memory? An fMRI Investigation Comparing Autobiographical and Recognition Memory Tasks

What brain regions underlie retrieval from episodic memory? The bulk of research addressing this question with fMRI has relied upon recognition memory for materials encoded within the laboratory. Another, less dominant tradition has used autobiographical methods, whereby people recall events from their lifetime, often after being cued with words or pictures. The current study addresses how the neural substrates of successful memory retrieval differed as a function of the targeted memory when the experimental parameters were held constant in the two conditions (except for instructions). Human participants studied a set of scenes and then took two types of memory test while undergoing fMRI scanning. In one condition (the picture memory test), participants reported for each scene (32 studied, 64 nonstudied) whether it was recollected from the prior study episode. In a second condition (the life memory test), participants reported for each scene (32 studied, 64 nonstudied) whether it reminded them of a specific event from their preexperimental lifetime. An examination of successful retrieval (yes responses) for recently studied scenes for the two test types revealed pronounced differences; that is, autobiographical retrieval instantiated with the life memory test preferentially activated the default mode network, whereas hits in the picture memory test preferentially engaged the parietal memory network as well as portions of the frontoparietal control network. When experimental cueing parameters are held constant, the neural underpinnings of successful memory retrieval differ when remembering life events and recently learned events. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Episodic memory is often discussed as a solitary construct. However, experimental traditions examining episodic memory use very different approaches, and these are rarely compared to one another. When the neural correlates associated with each approach have been directly contrasted, results have varied considerably and at times contradicted each other. The present experiment was designed to match the two primary approaches to studying episodic memory in an unparalleled manner. Results suggest a clear separation of systems supporting memory as it is typically tested in the laboratory and memory as assessed under autobiographical retrieval conditions. These data provide neurobiological evidence that episodic memory is not a single construct, challenging the degree to which different experimental traditions are studying the same construct.
Evaluation of Ultra-Low Dose CT in the Diagnosis of Pediatric-Like Fractures Using an Experimental Animal Study

Objective The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the performance of ultra-low dose CT for the diagnosis of pediatric-like fractures and ascertain the lowest dose level sufficient for diagnostics. Materials and Methods Fifty-one bones of young pig cadavers were artificially fractured and subsequently examined by using a 64 multi-detector CT with 36 various dose levels down to a dose comparable with that of X-rays. Two pediatric radiologists analysed the CT scans according to the presence or absence of a fracture, determination of the fracture type and the displacement as well as the diagnostic certainty. For each dose protocol, a success rate for the correct determination of the above-mentioned CT analyses was calculated. A success rate of at least 95% was considered sufficient for diagnostics. Results All but the lowest dose levels were sufficient to identify the fracture. Only the two lowest dose levels were insufficient to detect the fracture type. All dose levels were adequate for the identification of the displacement. The lowest dose level sufficient for diagnostics was 120 kVp, 11 mAs, and pitch 1.5, with a CTDIvol of 10% of a standard dose and an effective dose three times as large as that of X-rays. Conclusion Ultra-low dose CT provides the feasibility of a significant dose reduction, still allowing sufficient diagnostics of pediatric-like fractures.
The Rhizomatic Relations of A/r/tography

A/r/tography is a form of practice-based research steeped in the arts and education. Alongside other arts-based, arts-informed and aesthetically defined methodologies, a/r/tography is one of many emerging forms of inquiry that refer to the arts as a way of re-searching the world to enhance understanding. Yet, it goes even further by recognizing the educative potential of teaching and learning as acts of inquiry. Together, the arts and education complement, resist, and echo one another through rhizomatic relations of living inquiry. In this article, we demonstrate rhizomatic relations in an ongoing project entitled “The City of Richgate” where meanings are constructed within ongoing a/r/tographic inquiries described as collective artistic and educational praxis. Rhizomatic relations do not seek conclusions and therefore, neither will this account. Instead, we explore a/r/tographical situations as methodological spaces for furthering living inquiry. In doing so, we invite the art education community to consider rhizomatic relations performed through a/r/tography as a politically informed methodology of situations.
EgoScanning: Quickly Scanning First-Person Videos with Egocentric Elastic Timelines

This work presents EgoScanning, a novel video fast-forwarding interface that helps users to find important events from lengthy first-person videos recorded with wearable cameras continuously. This interface is featured by an elastic timeline that adaptively changes playback speeds and emphasizes egocentric cues specific to first-person videos, such as hand manipulations, moving, and conversations with people, based on computer-vision techniques. The interface also allows users to input which of such cues are relevant to events of their interests. Through our user study, we confirm that users can find events of interests quickly from first-person videos thanks to the following benefits of using the EgoScanning interface: 1) adaptive changes of playback speeds allow users to watch fast-forwarded videos more easily; 2) Emphasized parts of videos can act as candidates of events actually significant to users; 3) Users are able to select relevant egocentric cues depending on events of their interests.
SELECTION AND UTILIZATION OF INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA FOR EFFECTIVE PRACTICE TEACHING

This paper examined the essentials of instructional media for effective communication, especially during teaching practice sessions. The various types of media that could be selected and utilized by a teacher trainee for effective practice teaching were discussed. The paper highlighted the use of media in promoting trainee teachers' efficiency in the design, production and handling of media. General guiding principles for effective media selection during practice teaching were a/so examined and recommended for efficient classroom interaction between the trainee teacher and students to be
Different Sexual Traits Show Covariation among Genotypes: Implications for Sexual Selection

An unresolved question in sexual selection research is whether different secondary sexual traits are developmentally independent or instead whether their degree of expression is a manifestation of a general resource pool (i.e., condition) within the organism. If degree of expression of different sexual traits reflects ability to accumulate condition, then covariation should exist across genotypes in the expression of these traits, even if they are very different in kind. Here we present evidence for predicted covariation between morphological (sex comb size) and behavioral (courtship song) sexual traits among genetic lines of Drosophila bipectinata Duda extracted from a natural population. There is evidence that both these traits in Drosophila are condition dependent and subject to sexual selection. We detected significant body size–independent differences in comb size among 32 lines. Replicate lines exhibiting relatively high and low values of comb size were then subjected to analyses of courtship song. High sex comb lines exhibited shorter mean burst period and shorter mean burst duration than low sex comb lines. These song differences occurred only during the distant pursuit phase of male courtship and existed despite factoring out individual variations in sex comb size, the trait on the basis of which test lines were originally chosen. The results verify the prediction of an association between condition-dependent secondary sexual traits across genotypes and, therefore, support the existence of an overall genetic quality related to condition acquisition. S everal leading models describing the evolution of secondary sexual traits require that sexual trait expression cova-ries positively with overall genetic ''quality'' of individuals Genetic quality may be envisioned as a genotype's ability to acquire limiting resources from the environment, so that individuals of higher quality come to accumulate a greater pool of resources (i.e., condition) available for allocation among competing physiological functions (Rowe and Houle 1996; Bonduriansky and Rowe 2005). An important prediction of the hypothesis that variation in sexual trait expression reveals differences in genetic quality as defined above, but one that has received little attention, concerns covariation in expression among different condition-dependent sexual traits of individuals. If the different traits are expressions of a common underlying genetic property conferring condition (Møller and Pomiankowski 1993; Johnstone 1996; Møller and Mousseau 2003), and given sufficient variation in genetic quality or condition, there should exist a positive relationship in expression between the sexual traits (Kodric-Brown and Brown 1984; Johnstone 1995b; Candolin 2003), even if they are very different in …
A latitudinal cline in a Drosophila clock gene

The clock gene period determines biological rhythmicity in Drosophila melanogaster and encodes a protein characterized by an alternating series of threonine-glycine pairs. The minisatellite region encoding the threonine-glycine repeat is polymorphic in length in natural Drosophila melanogaster populations. In this paper we report the geographical analysis of this polymorphism within Europe and North Africa. A robust clinal pattern is observed along a north-south axis. We suggest the possibility that the length polymorphism could be maintained by thermal selection because the threonine-glycine region has been shown to provide thermostability to the circadian phenotype.
Applying the chronic care model to homeless veterans: effect of a population approach to primary care on utilization and clinical outcomes.

OBJECTIVES We compared a population-tailored approach to primary care for homeless veterans with a usual care approach. METHODS We conducted a retrospective prolective cohort study of homeless veterans enrolled in a population-tailored primary care clinic matched to a historical sample in general internal medicine clinics. Overall, 177 patients were enrolled: 79 in the Homeless-Oriented Primary Care Clinic and 98 in general internal medicine primary care. RESULTS Homeless-oriented primary care-enrolled patients had greater improvements in hypertension, diabetes, and lipid control, and primary care use was higher during the first 6 months (5.96 visits per person vs 1.63 for general internal medicine) but stabilized to comparable rates during the second 6 months (2.01 vs 1.31, respectively). Emergency department (ED) use was also higher (2.59 vs 1.89 visits), although with 40% lower odds for nonacute ED visits than for the general internal medicine group (95% confidence interval = 0.2, 0.8). Excluding substance abuse and mental health admissions, hospitalizations were reduced among the homeless veterans between the 2 periods (28.6% vs 10.8%; P < .01) compared with the general internal medicine group (48.2% vs 44.4%; P = .6; difference of differences, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Tailoring primary care to homeless veterans can decrease unnecessary ED use and medical admissions and improve chronic disease management.
Histopathological pattern of lymphomas and clinical presentation and outcomes of diffuse large B cell lymphoma: A multicenter registry based study from India

Abstract Context: The distribution of various subtypes of lymphomas in India is different from other parts of the world. There is scarce multicentric data on the pattern and outcomes of lymphomas in India. Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the histopathological and the clinical pattern and treatment outcomes of lymphomas in India based on the retrospective data collected from a multicenter registry. Materials and Methods: Retrospective data was collected at 13 public and private hospitals in India for patients diagnosed with lymphoma between January 2005 and December 2009. The data collection was performed in the setting of a multicenter lymphoma registry Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Results: Non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma (NHL) constituted 83.17% and Hodgkin′s lymphoma (HL) for 16.83% of the 1733 registered and analyzed cases. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the most common NHL (55%) followed by follicular lymphoma (11%). CHOP was the most common chemotherapy regimen administered (84%) while rituximab was used in 42.7% of those with DLBCL. Survival analysis of treatment naïve DLBCL patients (n = 791) was performed. Of these, 29% were lost to follow-up, 20% with active disease. The median follow-up in surviving patients is 31 (range: 1-88) months. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in DLBCL patients has not reached. There was no significant difference in median PFS (69 months vs. 61 months, P = 0.1341), but OS was significant not reached (NR) vs. NR, P = 0.0012) within international prognostic index high or intermediate subgroups. Rituximab use was associated with significantly prolonged PFS (NR vs. 82 months, P = 0.0123), but not OS (NR vs. NR, P = 0.2214). Cox regression analysis in treatment naïve DLBCL patients showed a performatnce status, stage and receipt of six or more cycles of chemotherapy to be significantly associated with OS and all of the preceding plus rituximab use significantly associated with PFS. Conclusions: Our analysis confirms previous reports of distribution of lymphoma subtypes in India and suggests that patients who are able to receive the full course of chemotherapy achieve a better outcome. This indicates the importance of ensuring compliance to treatment utilizing various measures including patient and family counseling. Prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
Discrete Optimization via Simulation Using COMPASS

We propose an optimization-via-simulation algorithm, called COMPASS, for use when the performance measure is estimated via a stochastic, discrete-event simulation, and the decision variables are integer ordered. We prove that COMPASS converges to the set of local optimal solutions with probability 1 for both terminating and steady-state simulation, and for both fully constrained problems and partially constrained or unconstrained problems under mild conditions.
Effects of very short pauses on electromyographic variables measured during fatiguing isometric contractions

15 healthy men (26.6 ± 4.6 years old, weight of 70.7 ± 8.6 kg, and height of 1.750 ± 0.072 m) performed three 30-seconds isometric contractions at 60% MVC, with two 10-seconds resting intervals between them. The goal was to study the effect of the resting intervals on the variables that are most commonly used to analyze surface electromyographic (S-EMG) signals (conduction velocity [CV], root mean square [RMS], average rectified value [ARV], mean power frequency [MNF], and median power frequency [MDF]). For the first 30-second contraction, the S-EMG variables behaved exactly like described in the literature. However, after the first and second pauses, the CV variable ceased to behave like in the literature. In the first contraction, the conduction velocity had a statistically significant decreasing trend, in the second contraction, it had a statistically non-significant positive trend, and, in the third contraction, a statistically significant positive trend. These results suggest that short pauses between isometric constant-force contractions lead to changes in the recruiting strategies of the muscles involved in the contraction. The causes of these changes are not yet clear, and further work is needed in order to understand this effect.
Hazenella coriacea gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from clinical specimens.

A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming rod was isolated independently from clinical specimens in New York State, USA, once in 2009 and twice in 2011. The three isolates had identical 16S rRNA gene sequences and, based on their 16S rRNA gene sequence, are most closely related to the type strains of Laceyella sediminis and L. sacchari (94.6 % similarity). The partial 23S rRNA gene sequences of the three strains were also 100 % identical. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis suggests that the new isolates belong to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae. Additional biochemical and phenotypic characteristics of the strains support the family designation and suggest that the three isolates represent a single species. In each of the strains, the predominant menaquinone is MK-7, the diagnostic diamino acid is meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major cellular fatty acids are iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C13 : 0. The polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown phospholipids, four unknown aminophospholipids and an unknown lipid. It is proposed that the novel isolates represent a single novel species within a new genus, for which the name Hazenella coriacea gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Hazenella coriacea is strain 23436(T) ( = DSM 45707(T) = LMG 27204(T)).
Cosmological constraints with GRBs: homogeneous medium vs. wind density profile

We present the constraints on the cosmological parameters obtained with the Epeak-E correlation found with the most recent sample of 19 GRBs with spectroscopically measured redshift and well determined prompt emission spectral and afterglow parameters. We compare our results obtained in the two possible uniform jet scenarios, i.e. assuming a homogeneous density profile (HM) or a wind density profile (WM) for the circ umburst medium. Better constraints on M andare obtained with the (tighter) Epeak-E correlation derived in the wind density scenario. We explore the improvements to the constraints of the cosmological parameters that could be reached with a large sample, � 150 GRBs, in the future. We study the possibility to calibrate the slope of these correlations. Our optimizat ion analysis suggests that � 12 GRBs with redshift z 2 (0.9,1.1) can be used to calibrate the Epeak-E with a precision better than 1%. The same precision is expected for the same number of bursts with z 2 (0.45, 0.75). This result suggests that we do not necessarily need a large sample of low z GRBs for calibrating the slope of these correlations.
A globally convergent Lagrangian barrier algorithm for optimization with general inequality constraints and simple bounds

We consider the global and local convergence properties of a class of Lagrangian barrier methods for solving nonlinear programming problems. In such methods, simple bound constraints may be treated separately from more general constraints. The objective and general constraint functions are combined in a Lagrangian barrier function. A sequence of such functions are approximately minimized within the domain defined by the simple bounds. Global convergence of the sequence of generated iterates to a first-order stationary point for the original problem is established. Furthermore, possible numerical difficulties associated with barrier function methods are avoided as it is shown that a potentially troublesome penalty parameter is bounded away from zero. This paper is a companion to previous work of ours on augmented Lagrangian methods.
Severe respiratory syncytial virus infection: clinical features, nosocomial acquisition and outcome

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) frequently causes bronchiolitis in young infants. RSV infection was established by culture, serologic response, immunofluorescence of secretions or lung tissue or typical histology on pathologic examination of the lungs in 10 patients who were hospitalized at Children's Medical Center, Dallas. Eight were infants 4 days to 3 months old, one was 9 months and one was 16 months old. Seven patients were afebrile but had rapidly progressive diffuse infiltrates on chest roentgenograms. Six infants admitted for surgical correction of gastrointestinal anomalies or congenital heart disease had tracheal intubation before onset of pneumonia. RSV infection was acquired in the hospital in five infants. Five patients developed chronic pulmonary changes and 8 of the 10 infants died. These observations emphasize the importance of nosocomial transmission of RSV and the frequency of fatal infection in children with congenital anomalies. They also suggest that intubation can be a predisposing factor and that RSV infection can lead to chronic pulmonary changes.
Daily Mindful Responding Mediates the Effect of Meditation Practice on Stress and Mood: The Role of Practice Duration and Adherence.

OBJECTIVE Although meditation practice is an important component of many mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), empirical findings of its effects on psychological functioning are mixed and the mechanisms for the effects remain unclear. Responding with mindfulness (i.e., returning one's attention back to a nonjudgmental, present-oriented awareness) is a fundamental skill practiced in meditations. With repeated meditation practice, this skill is thought to become internalized and be applied to one's daily life. We thus hypothesized that the extent to which individuals responded to daily events with mindfulness would mediate the effects of meditation practice (instance, duration, and adherence to instructions) on psychological well-being. METHOD Using a daily diary methodology, we tracked the meditation practice, use of mindful responding during the day, and psychological outcomes (perceived stress, negative and positive affect) of 117 mindfulness-based stress reduction program participants. RESULTS We found that on days when participants meditated, they responded with greater mindfulness to daily events, which accounted for the beneficial effects of meditating on psychological outcomes. Furthermore, findings suggest that on meditation days, longer and more closely adhered meditation practices were independently associated with increases in mindful responding, which in turn were associated with better psychological outcomes. CONCLUSION These results suggest that regular, longer, and more closely adhered meditation practice is an important component of MBIs, in part because it leads to responding more mindfully in daily life, which promotes well-being.
Influencing Human Interaction--Eleven Years With IPR.

IPR (Interpersonal Process Recall) is proving to be an effectivemethod using videotape procedures to help counsellors in trainingbecome more sensitively aware of their own reactions and their effect onothers. Most importantly, this process is an encouraging, growth-inducingone with potential for uses with other groups concerned with personalrelationships.