Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic oscillations in CA3 hippocampal pyramids: Physiological relevance to theta rhythm generation

The theta rhythm is the most remarkable hippocampal activity correlated with various physiological and behavioral phenomena. Although analyzed by numerous investigators, during the last five decades, the mechanisms that lead to its generation still remain reason of debate. In the present report it is shown that hippocampal neurons, recorded from juvenile and adult slices, are endowed with intrinsic properties that allow the generation of a steady oscillatory activity. The frequency of this rhythmic ongoing process is highly sensitive to the level of the membrane potential, reaching values in the theta range, up to 6 Hz, for more depolarized values of membrane potential. Membrane potential oscillations are unmasked by loading pyramidal neurons with intracellular cesium, are sodium‐independent, and are generated by the sequential activation of calcium and potassium conductances. Finally, like theta rhythm, regularly occurring membrane potential oscillations can be detected since postnatal day 10 and their frequency increases with age, i.e., during the following 2 weeks. Hippocampus 8:666–679, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Minois dryas (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with phylogenetic analysis

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Minois dryas (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) is determined to be 15,195 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 1 non-coding AT-rich region. The mitogenome includes a cox1 gene with an atypical CGA(R) start codon and five genes (cox1, cox2, nad5, nad4, nad1) exhibiting incomplete stop codons. The 385-bp AT-rich region contains the motif ATAGA followed by a 19-bp poly-T stretch and a microsatellite-like (TA)6 element preceded by the ATTTA motif. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that M. dryas is formed a monophyletic group with other Satyrinae species.
Adiponectin in maternal and fetal cord blood during pregnancy and its relation to fetal birth weight

Introduction: Adiponectin has been implicated in the physiology of insulin resistance during pregnancy. Insulin resistance is developed in the last half of pregnancy. Insulin has a direct influence on fetal growth and proven in past studies. Hence we can state that the adiponectin also has a effect on fetal development and growth and since it is a key regulator in the insulin sensitivity. The aim of the present study is to increase the knowledge of role of adiponectin, especially in a physiologically demanding state of pregnancy, and study its effect on development of a fetus by virtue of its birth weight and gestational age during a normal pregnancy. Materials and Methods: This open-ended non-comparative prospective study was conducted at the outpatient and inpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynecology as well as in the department of Biochemistry, Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur on 50 normal pregnant subjects and their neonates attending Obstetrics and Gynecology, department for routine checkups during the period of August 2014 to July 2015. Levels of adiponectin in maternal serum during mid-trimester and pre-labor stage of pregnancy were evaluated and compared. The evaluation of maternal and fetal adiponectin levels were also done in relation to birth weight and gender. Results: Adiponectin is detectable in pregnant subjects, with significantly higher levels seen in newborns; however, there was no relationship seen between maternal and fetal adiponectin levels at any stage of gestation (Midterm p=0.604, Full-term p=0.589). Mean Birth weight of newborns was noted at 2.95 (± 0.445) kg with slightly lower values in male babies. Statistically significant positive correlation was seen between fetal birth weights and fetal adiponectin levels (p Conclusion: Adiponectin is a plausible candidate for illuminating some physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions associated with pregnancy and fetal growth. Our study concludes with the hope of further breakthro
A 2Vpp, 80&#8211;200MHz fourth&#8211;order continuous&#8211;time linear phase filter with automatic frequency tuning

A 2.3V CMOS 80-200MHz 4th-order continuous-time 0.05° equiripple linear phase filter with an automatic frequency tuning system is presented. An Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) based on transistors operating in triode region is used to achieve a very wide linear input range and a wide transconductance tuning range. A system that integrates common-mode feedback (CMFB), common-mode feedforward (CMFF), and adaptive-bias into one circuit is introduced. The filter is based on Gm-C biquads and the experimental results in a 0. 35µm process have shown a THD of less than-44dB for a 2Vppdifferential input with a single 2.3V power supply. The cutoff frequency (fc) is tunable in the range of 80-200MHz. The group delay ripple is less than 4% for frequencies up to 1.5fc. over the whole frequency tuning range. A simple automatic tuning system that adjusts the transconductance of the OTA is used to compensate the process parameter variations.
Effects of hypercapnia on hemodynamic, inotropic, lusitropic, and electrophysiologic indices in humans.

STUDY OBJECTIVE The inotropic, lusitropic, and electrophysiologic effects of acute hypercapnia in humans are not known. Although the effects of hypercapnia on the systemic circulation have been well documented, there is still some debate as to whether hypercapnia causes true pulmonary vasoconstriction in vivo. We have therefore evaluated the effects of acute hypercapnia on these cardiac indices and the interaction of hypercapnia with the systemic and pulmonary vascular beds in humans. PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS Eight healthy male volunteers were studied using Doppler echocardiography. After resting for at least 30 min to achieve baseline hemodynamic parameters (T(0)), they were rendered hypercapnic to achieve an end-tidal carbon dioxide (CO2) of 7 kPa for 30 min by breathing a variable mixture of CO2/air (T1). They were restudied after 30 min recovery breathing air (T2). Hemodynamic, diastolic, and systolic flow parameters, QT dispersion (maximum-minimum QT interval measured in a 12-lead ECG), and venous blood samples for plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin II (ANG II), and aldosterone (ALDO) were measured at each time point. RESULTS Hypercapnia compared with placebo significantly increased mean pulmonary artery pressure 14 +/- 1 vs 9 +/- 1 mm Hg and pulmonary vascular resistance 171 +/- 17 vs 129 +/- 17 dyne.s. cm-5, respectively. Heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and mean arterial BP were increased by hypercapnia. Indexes of systolic function, namely peak aortic velocity and aortic mean and peak acceleration, were unaffected by hypercapnia. Similarly, hypercapnia had no effect on lusitropic indexes reflected by its lack of effect on isovolumic relaxation time, mitral E-wave deceleration time, and mitral E/A wave ratio. Hypercapnia was found to significantly increase both QTc interval and QT dispersion: 428 +/- 8 vs 411 +/- 3 ms and 48 +/- 2 vs 33 +/- 4 ms, respectively. There was no significant effect of hypercapnia on PRA, ANG II, or ALDO. CONCLUSION Thus, acute hypercapnia appears to have no adverse inotropic or lusitropic effects on cardiac function, although repolarization abnormalities, reflected by an increase in QT dispersion, and its effects on pulmonary vasoconstriction may have important sequelae in man.
Relating Cascaded Random Forests to Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Semantic Segmentation

We consider the task of pixel-wise semantic segmentation given a small set of labeled training images. Among two of the most popular techniques to address this task are Random Forests (RF) and Neural Networks (NN). The main contribution of this work is to explore the relationship between two special forms of these techniques: stacked RFs and deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). We show that there exists a mapping from stacked RF to deep CNN, and an approximate mapping back. This insight gives two major practical benefits: Firstly, deep CNNs can be intelligently constructed and initialized, which is crucial when dealing with a limited amount of training data. Secondly, it can be utilized to create a new stacked RF with improved performance. Furthermore, this mapping yields a new CNN architecture, that is well suited for pixel-wise semantic labeling. We experimentally verify these practical benefits for two different application scenarios in computer vision and biology, where the layout of parts is important: Kinect-based body part labeling from depth images, and somite segmentation in microscopy images of developing zebrafish.
EP4 Prostanoid Receptor Coupling to a Pertussis Toxin-Sensitive Inhibitory G Protein

The EP2 and EP4 prostanoid receptor subtypes are G-protein-coupled receptors for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Both receptor subtypes are known to couple to the stimulatory guanine nucleotide binding protein (Gαs) and, after stimulation with PGE2, can increase the formation of intracellular cAMP. In addition, PGE2 stimulation of the EP4 receptor can activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) leading to phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and induction of early growth response factor-1 (EGR-1) (J Biol Chem 278: 12151–12156, 2003). We now report that the PGE2-mediated phosphorylation of the ERKs and induction of EGR-1 can be blocked by pretreatment of EP4-expressing cells with pertussis toxin (PTX). Furthermore, pretreatment with PTX increased the amount of PGE2-stimulated intracellular cAMP formation in EP4-expressing cells but not in EP2-expressing cells. These data indicate that the EP4 prostanoid receptor subtype, but not the EP2, couples to a PTX-sensitive inhibitory G-protein (Gαi) that can inhibit cAMP-dependent signaling and activate PI3K/ERK-dependent signaling.
Etiologies of Long-Term Postcholecystectomy Symptoms: A Systematic Review

Background Cholecystectomy does not relieve abdominal symptoms in up to 40% of patients. With 700,000 cholecystectomies performed in the US, annually, about 280,000 patients are left with symptoms, making this a serious problem. We performed a systematic review to determine the different etiologies of long-term postcholecystectomy symptoms with the aim to provide guidance for clinicians treating these patients. Methods A systematic search of the literature was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Articles describing at least one possible etiology of long-term symptoms after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in this review. Long-term symptoms were defined as abdominal symptoms that were present at least four weeks after cholecystectomy, either persistent or incident. The etiologies of persistent and incident symptoms after LC and the mechanism or hypothesis behind the etiologies are provided. If available, the prevalence of the discussed etiology is provided. Results The search strategy identified 3320 articles of which 130 articles were included. Etiologies for persistent symptoms were residual and newly formed gallstones (41 studies, prevalence ranged from 0.2 to 23%), coexistent diseases (64 studies, prevalence 1-65%), and psychological distress (13 studies, no prevalence provided). Etiologies for incident symptoms were surgical complications (21 studies, prevalence 1-3%) and physiological changes (39 studies, prevalence 16-58%). Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) was reported as an etiology for both persistent and incident symptoms (21 studies, prevalence 3-40%). Conclusion Long-term postcholecystectomy symptoms vary amongst patients, arise from different etiologies, and require specific diagnostic and treatment strategies. Most symptoms after cholecystectomy seem to be caused by coexistent diseases and physiological changes due to cholecystectomy. The outcome of this research is summarized in a decision tree to give clinical guidance on the treatment of patients with symptoms after cholecystectomy.
Identifying Novel Glioma-Associated Noncoding RNAs by Their Expression Profiles

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play a significant role in cancer development as regulators of protein-coding genes. Their dysregulation was in some extent already associated with glioma, the most aggressive primary brain tumours in adults. The correct diagnosis and treatment selection due to high tumour heterogeneity might be difficult and inadequate, resulting in poor prognosis. Studies of expression patterns of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) could provide useful insight in glioma molecular development. We used the qPCR approach to screen and investigate the expression of lncRNAs that were previously deregulated in other cancer types. The study showed altered expression levels for numerous lncRNAs across histologically different glioma samples. Validation of few lncRNAs showed association of expression levels with histological subtype and/or malignancy grade. We also observed deregulated and subtype-distinctive expression for four lncRNA-associated miRNAs. Expression of few lncRNAs and miRNA was also associated with patients' survival, showing potential prognostic value. Several ncRNAs, some already related to glioma and some, to the best of our knowledge, investigated for the first time, might be of greater importance in glioma molecular development and progression. Finding the subtype-specific lncRNA and/or miRNA expression patterns may contribute additional information for a more objective classification.
Alpha herpes virus type and viral load in intraocular fluids in patients with acute retinal necrosis

Objectives To identify all patients tested positive for herpes viruses in intraocular samples between 2007 and 2016 in South-Western Sweden and evaluate which of these met the criteria of acute retinal necrosis (ARN). To compare viral load in intraocular samples and virus type with clinical outcome. Method and analysis Retrospective case series. Intraocular samples and serum were analysed with quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and presence of antibodies (IgG and IgM) were detected by ELISA in serum. Results Between 2007 and 2016, 13 patients met the clinical criteria of ARN and were PCR-positive in aqueous or vitreous for herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1; n=4), herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV2; n=3) and varicella zoster virus (VZV; n=6). None of the patients tested positive for cytomegalovirus (n=13) or Epstein Barr virus (n=2) met the criteria of ARN. All ARN patients had specific serum IgG and three patients exhibited virus DNA in serum. There was no correlation between high viral load and worse visual outcome. However, higher viral loads were seen in samples taken earlier in the disease process. Median age was higher (p=0.049) in VZV-ARN than for HSV-ARN patients (60.5 and 45.4 years, respectively) with a tendency of worse best corrected visual acuity at presentation (1.62 and 0.79 log MAR, respectively; p=0.079). Conclusion ARN is a reactivation of alpha herpes virus and presence of herpes DNA in serum may occur. VZV-ARN are older than HSV-ARN patients. High viral load does not appear to be a predictor of worse visual outcome, but rather indicates earlier sampling.
Multi-scale pyramidal pooling network for generic steel defect classification

We introduce a Multi-Scale Pyramidal Pooling Network tailored to generic steel defect classification, featuring a novel pyramidal pooling layer at multiple scales and a novel encoding layer. Thanks to the former, the network does not require all images of a given classification task to be of equal size. The latter narrows the gap to bag-of-features approaches. On various benchmark datasets, we evaluate and compare our system to convolutional neural networks and state-of-the-art computer vision methods. We also present results on a real industrial steel defect classification problem, where existing architectures are not applicable as they require equally sized input images. Our method substantially outperforms previous methods based on engineered features. It can be seen as a fully supervised hierarchical bag-of-features extension that is trained online and can be fine-tuned for any given task.
How Inheritances Relate to Wealth Distribution? Theoretical Reasoning and Empirical Evidence on the Basis of LWS Data

The aim of this paper is to study the analytical scope for cross-country comparisons of inheritances based on Luxembourg Wealth Study (LWS) data. In the first part of the paper, we review in a selective way the existing literature on inheritances and bequests. In the second part, we focus on cross country data issues and survey designs. In the third part, we show stylized results on inheritances in different countries, based on LWS data. These data reveal a rather similar picture: beneficiaries tend to have better education, higher income and own more wealth. In the last part of the paper, conclusions for data improvements in the future will be drawn.
LINE Messenger as a Transport Layer to Distribute Messages to Partner Instant Messaging

The rapid development of technology generated a lot of instant messaging applications, as an example is LINE Messenger, Telegram, WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, BlackBerry Messenger, etc. Many instant messaging applications cause some problems, one of which is the possibility of owning more than one instant messaging applications to meet messaging needs. This is very ineffective because messages will be received from various instant messaging applications and have to open all instant messaging applications one by one to reply to those messages. Application Programming Interface technology of instant messaging can be used to build a transport layer system that allows message exchange with several instant messaging applications using only one instant messaging application. The system built in this research requires a master instant messaging to be able to distribute messages to partner instant messaging, which in this case uses LINE Messenger as the master instant messaging to distribute messages to several partner instant messaging, which is Telegram and Extensible Messaging Presence Protocol.
Relationships Between Environmental Factors and Lung Function of Asthmatic Subjects in South East Queensland, Australia

Few panel studies have investigated the relationships between air pollutants and air spora and lung function change in asthmatic subjects. This article examines the association of outdoor air pollutant concentrations and air spora with the decrease in lung function (measured by morning peak expiratory flow) of two groups of asthmatic subjects in the subtropical environment of South East Queensland, Australia. Lung function responses were stratified by age, allergy status, and location, and seasonal effects were examined. Allergy status and age were found to be important, with air pollutants such as ozone and particles associated with decreases in lung function in allergic individuals older than 15 years. Fungal spore counts were strongly associated with a decrease in lung function in allergic adults, especially in those over 54 years, only in seasons when these air spora peak. Analysis for the entire study period indicates that the effect of ozone on peak expiratory flow in the allergic group can sometimes be confounded by air spora effects, indicating that in a subtropical climate the impact of ozone on asthma severity can be accurately estimated only when the confounding effects of air spora are included.
Comparative analysis of influence of promoters and inhibitors on in vitro available iron using two methods

The investigation was undertaken with the objective of comparing two in vitro techniques, measuring dialyzable iron (method A) and measuring ionizable iron (method B), for iron bioavailability in a model system. The effect of the time of introduction of the additives on the available iron was also determined. FeSO4 solution was used as the reference source of iron, to which a series of enhancers (ascorbic acid, citric acid, maleic acid and tartaric acid) and inhibitors (tannic acid, calcium oxalate, oxalic acid, calcium carbonate and sodium phytate) were added individually at various concentrations, and available iron was estimated. From FeSO4 solution, 0.1% (method A) and 3.9% (method B) of iron was available. The addition of ascorbic acid, citric acid and tartaric acid increased this by 33–50%, 28–57% and 23–90%, respectively, for method A and by 15–89%, 24–78% and 24–93% for method B. Tannic acid, sodium phytate and calcium oxalate exhibited an inhibitory effect irrespective of the concentrations, while oxalic acid and calcium carbonate exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory pattern. The iron availability analyzed by both methods showed a positive correlation with seven out of nine additives. An inverse relation was seen between the inhibitory effect of calcium carbonate and calcium oxalate and their time of introduction into the system. The overall observations showed that although absolute values varied widely, a positive correlation existed between the methods.
A Review on interlocking compressed earth blocks (ICEB)with addition of bacteria

Interlocking Compressed Earth Block (ICEB) are cement stabilized soil blocks that allow for dry stacked construction. Because of this characteristic, the process of building walls is faster and requires less skilled labour as the blocks are laid dry and lock into place. However there are plenty room for improving the interlocking blocks by increase its durability. Durability of bricks are affected by several factors and one of them are water absorption. High water absorption level will results in low durability. Many studies have been conducted in order to improve the durability of bricks by using environmentally method. One of the method is by inducing bacteria into bricks. Bacteria in brick induced calcite precipitation (calcite crystals) to cover the cracks continuously. Therefore, the issues of durability of bricks can be fully solved. This paper offer a review on interlocking compressed earth blocks and the use of bacteria in reducing water absorption level.
Phylogenetic Relationships of the Triassic Archaeosemionotus Deecke (Halecomorphi, Ionoscopiformes) from the ‘Perledo Fauna’

The lagerstätten in the Monte San Giorgio have provided excellent fossils representing one of the most important windows to the marine life during the Triassic. Among these fossils, fishes are abundant and extraordinarily well preserved. Most of these fishes represent extinct lineages and were difficult to understand and classify during the early years after discovery. These difficulties usually led to a mixture of species under the same taxonomic name. This is the case of fishes referred to the genus Archaeosemionotus. The name bearing type of A. connectens, the type species of this genus, represents a basal halecomorph, but most other fishes referred to this genus represent basal ginglymodians. Therefore, we conducted this study to clarify the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of A. connectens, which is a member of the family Furidae (Halecomorphi, Ionoscopiformes) representing the second cladistically supported evidence of ionoscopiforms in the Triassic and it is thus one of the two oldest reliable records of this group. Ionoscopiforms have a long stratigraphic range, though their fossil record is rather patchy. In our analysis, the sister taxon of Archaeosemionotus is Robustichthys from the Anisian of China, and they together form a clade with Furo, which is known from several localities ranging from the Early to the Late Jurassic. Other ionoscopiforms are so far known from the Kimmeridgian to the Albian and it is thus evident that recent efforts have concentrated on the later history of the group (Late Jurassic to Cretaceous). The phylogenetic relationships obtained for the Ionoscopiformes do not show a clear palaeobiogeographic pattern, but give important new insights into the origin, divergence date and early history of this clade.