Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Certificate of need regulations and use of coronary revascularization after acute myocardial infarction.

CONTEXT Certificate of need regulations were enacted to control health care costs by limiting unnecessary expansion of services. While many states have repealed certificate of need regulations in recent years, few analyses have examined relationships between certificate of need regulations and outcomes of care. OBJECTIVE To compare rates of coronary revascularization and mortality after acute myocardial infarction in states with and without certificate of need regulations. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Retrospective cohort study of 1,139,792 Medicare beneficiaries aged 68 years or older with AMI who were admitted to 4587 US hospitals during 2000-2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Thirty-day risk-adjusted rates of coronary revascularization with either coronary artery bypass graft surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention and 30-day all-cause mortality. RESULTS The 624,421 patients in states with certificate of need regulations were less likely to be admitted to hospitals with coronary revascularization services (321,573 [51.5%] vs 323,695 [62.8%]; P<.001) or to undergo revascularization at the admitting hospital (163,120 [26.1%] vs 163,877 [31.8%]; P<.001) than patients in states without certificates of need but were more likely to undergo revascularization at a transfer hospital (73,379 [11.7%] vs 45,907 [8.9%]; P<.001). Adjusting for demographic and clinical risk factors, patients in states with highly and moderately stringent certificate of need regulations, respectively, were less likely to undergo revascularization within the first 2 days (adjusted hazard ratios, 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54-0.87; P = .002 and 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71-0.90; P<.001) relative to patients in states without certificates of need, although no differences in the likelihood of revascularization were observed during days 3 through 30. Unadjusted 30-day mortality was similar in states with and without certificates of need (109,304 [17.5%] vs 90,104 [17.5%]; P = .76), as was adjusted mortality (odds ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.97-1.03; P = .90). CONCLUSIONS Patients with acute myocardial infarction were less likely to be admitted to hospitals offering coronary revascularization and to undergo early revascularization in states with certificate of need regulations. However, differences in the availability and use of revascularization therapies were not associated with mortality.
Life Role Salience Scales: Additional Evidence for Construct Validation

Two studies were carried out to validate the Life Role Salience Scales, designed to provide measures of valuing and commitment to occupational, marital, parental, and home-care roles. In Study 1, 215 employed adults filled out the scales and a measure of job happiness. Scores on the latter did not correlate with those on the Occupational subscale of the Life Role Salience Scales. As predicted, single subjects scored lower on the Parental and Marital subscales and higher on the Occupational subscale than married ones. In Study 2, 81 married couples filled out the Life Role Salience Scales and the Purpose-in-Life Scale. As predicted, the scores were significantly related. Couples' scores were no more similar to each other than those of a matched group of nominally married couples.
Evidence for the Involvement of Calmodulin in Mouse Sperm Capacitation1

Abstract Although Ca2+ is of fundamental importance in mammalian sperm capacitation, its downstream targets have not been definitively demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to use the calmodulin (CaM) antagonists W7 and calmidazolium (CZ) to investigate the possible role of CaM, a Ca2+-specific binding protein, in capacitation. Sperm membrane changes associated with capacitation were assessed by the B pattern after chlortetracycline staining and by the ability to undergo the acrosome reaction (AR) in response to lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). The percentage of B pattern sperm was significantly inhibited by W7 or CZ in a concentration-dependent manner. At 100 μM W7 or 10 μM CZ, these inhibitors also significantly reduced the sperm's ability to undergo the LPC-induced AR. Inhibition of the B pattern and the LPC-induced AR was overcome by exogenous cAMP analogues. Treatment of the sperm with 100 μM W7 also resulted in a significant decrease in their ability to fertilize eggs in vitro. At 100 μM, W5, a less potent dechlorinated W7 analogue, had no effect on the B pattern, LPC-induced AR, or fertilization competence. Sperm viability and protein tyrosine phosphorylation were not substantially affected by 100 μM W7 (relative to 100 μM W5) or 10 μM CZ; however, the percentages of motile and hyperactivated sperm were significantly reduced. The antagonist-inhibited sperm motility was restored by dilution in control medium, but not by cAMP analogues. These results suggest that CaM participates in the regulation of membrane changes important for mouse sperm capacitation, at a point upstream from cAMP, and that this pathway is at least partially separable from pathways controlling tyrosine phosphorylation and hyperactivation.
Characterization and Pharmacological Relevance of High Affinity Binding Sites for [3H]LY186126, a Cardiotonic Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor, in Canine Cardiac Membranes

[3H]LY186126, an analogue of the cardiotonic agent indolidan, was shown to bind reversibly and with high affinity (Kd=4 nM) to a single class of binding sites within canine myocardial vesicles. Binding site density measured in various cardiac membrane fractions correlated well with Ca2+-ATPase activity (r=0.94; p<0.01), but not with Na+,K+-ATPase or azide sensitive ATPase, indicating a localization of these sites within sarcoplasmic retlculum membranes. Divalent cations were required for binding and displayed the following order of activation: Zn2+ + Mn2+Mg2+Ca2+. Differential activation of [3H]LY186126 binding by various divalent cations was due to alterations in binding site density, rather than affinity. cGMP and selective inhibitors of type IV membrane-bound phosphodiesterase (SR-PDE), for example, indolidan, milrinone, imazodan, and enoxlmone, selectively displaced bound [3H]LY186126; caffeine, theophylline, and rolipram were relatively impotent as inhibitors of radiolabel binding. Kd values from displacement corves were highly correlated with IC50 values for inhibition of SR-PDE (r=0.92; p<0.001). In addition, Kd values correlated well with published ED50 values for increases in cardiac contractility in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs (r=0.94; p<0.001). The results support the hypothesis that [3H]LY186126 labels the pharmacological receptor for the class of positive inotropic agents characterized as isozyme-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Furthermore, the data suggest that the identity of the site labeled by [3H]LY186126 is SR-PDE, the type IV isozyme of cardiac phosphodiesterase located in the sarcoplasmic retlculum.
The Herschel M 33 extended survey (HerM33es): PACS spectroscopy of the star-forming region BCLMP 302

Context: The emission line of [CII] at 158 micron is one of the strongest cooling lines of the interstellar medium (ISM) in galaxies. Aims: Disentangling the relative contributions of the different ISM phases to [CII] emission, is a major topic of the HerM33es program, a Herschel key project to study the ISM in the nearby spiral galaxy M33. Methods: Using PACS, we have mapped the emission of [CII] 158 micron, [OI] 63 micron, and other FIR lines in a 2'x2' region of the northern spiral arm of M33, centered on the HII region BCLMP302. At the peak of H-alpha emission, we have observed in addition a velocity resolved [CII] spectrum using HIFI. We use scatterplots to compare these data with PACS 160 micron continuum maps, and with maps of CO and HI data, at a common resolution of 12 arcsec or 50 pc. Maps of H-alpha and 24 micron emission observed with Spitzer are used to estimate the SFR. We have created maps of the [CII] and [OI] 63 micron emission and detected [NII] 122 micron and NIII 57 micron at individual positions. Results: The [CII] line observed with HIFI is significantly broader than that of CO, and slightly blue-shifted. In addition, there is little spatial correlation between [CII] observed with PACS and CO over the mapped region. There is even less spatial correlation between [CII] and the atomic gas traced by HI. Detailed comparison of the observed intensities towards the HII region with models of photo ionization and photon dominated regions, confirms that a significant fraction, 20--30%, of the observed [CII] emission stems from the ionized gas and not from the molecular cloud. The gas heating efficiency, using the ratio between [CII] and the TIR as a proxy, varies between 0.07 and 1.5%, with the largest variations found outside the HII region.
Technology Development for Physiological Genomics Metabolic cycles in a circannual

Epperson LE, Karimpour-Fard A, Hunter LE, Martin SL. Metabolic cycles in a circannual hibernator. Physiol Genomics 43: 799–807, 2011. First published May 3, 2011; doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00028. 2011. —Hibernation as manifested in ground squirrels is arguably the most plastic and extreme of physiological phenotypes in mammals. Homeostasis is challenged by prolonged fasting accompanied by heterothermy, yet must be facilitated for survival. We performed LC and GC-MS metabolomic profiling of plasma samples taken reproducibly during seven natural stages of the hibernator’s year, three in summer and four in winter (each n 5), employing a nontargeted approach to define the metabolite shifts associated with the phenotype. We quantified 231 named metabolites; 106 of these altered significantly, demarcating a cycle within a cycle where torpor-arousal cycles recur during the winter portion of the seasonal cycle. A number of robust hibernation biomarkers that alter with season and winter stage are identified, including specific free fatty acids, antioxidants, and previously unpublished modified amino acids that are likely to be associated with the fasting state. The major pattern in metabolite levels is one of either depletion or accrual during torpor, followed by reversal to an apparent homeostatic level by interbout arousal. This finding provides new data that strongly support the predictions of a long-standing hypothesis that periodic arousals are necessary to restore metabolic homeostasis.
Pedestrian collisions with flat-fronted vehicles: injury patterns and importance of rotational accelerations as a predictor for traumatic brain injury (TBI)

Research on pedestrian protection currently is focusing mainly on passenger cars. However, impacts with heavy goods vehicles (HGV) and buses are also important, especially in urban areas and in developing countries. This study is an attempt to show the distribution of injury patterns focused on the head injury mechanism. In the European project APOLLO WPII database with a number of 104 pedestrians injured by a HGV or bus were identified. The head was found the most severely injured anatomic region, with an average AIS of 3.1, followed by the abdomen/pelvis (AIS 2.9), and the thorax (AIS 2.1). Using the Dr. Martin transformation matrix, head injury mechanisms were assigned to codified head injuries. Around 69% of the sustained head injuries had a rotational injury mechanism, 21% translational, and 10% either. Three multi-body vehicle models, representing two HGV and one bus, were used in a large parameter analysis. The simulations showed that the angular velocity change is exceeding 30rad/s and the angular acceleration is exceeding 10.000rad/s2 in simulations where the HIC value was below 1000. Additionally the head injury risk was assessed by prescribing the accelerations of the human pedestrian model’s head to a finite element head and brain model. It can be concluded that head injuries are the most frequent injuries sustained by pedestrians involved in a collision with a flat-fronted vehicle and rotational accelerations are responsible for around 70% of head injuries. Impactors currently used in pedestrian protection regulations do not assess rotation-induced injuries.
Dynamic Deposition of Histone Variant H3.3 Accompanies Developmental Remodeling of the Arabidopsis Transcriptome

In animals, replication-coupled histone H3.1 can be distinguished from replication-independent histone H3.3. H3.3 variants are enriched at active genes and their promoters. Furthermore, H3.3 is specifically incorporated upon gene activation. Histone H3 variants evolved independently in plants and animals, and it is unclear whether different replication-independent H3.3 variants developed similar properties in both phyla. We studied Arabidopsis H3 variants in order to find core properties of this class of histones. Here we present genome-wide maps of H3.3 and H3.1 enrichment and the dynamic changes of their profiles upon cell division arrest. We find H3.3 enrichment to positively correlate with gene expression and to be biased towards the transcription termination site. In contrast with H3.1, heterochromatic regions are mostly depleted of H3.3. We report that, in planta, dynamic changes in H3.3 profiles are associated with the extensive remodeling of the transcriptome that occurs during cell differentiation. We propose that H3.3 dynamics are linked to transcription and are involved in resetting covalent histone marks at a genomic scale during plant development. Our study suggests that H3 variants properties likely result from functionally convergent evolution.
Why Do Women Teach and Men Manage? A Report on Research on Schools

We are turning a familiar fact into a historical puzzle. How and why did schoolteaching tip from a predominantly male to a female occupation, and why did top managerial positions remain male even when 85 percent of public schoolteachers were women? This brief report discusses the developing conceptualization of our work and comments on the process of interdisciplinary research. Although the inclusive dates for the study are, roughly, 1840-1970, we shall focus here on the period 1840-1900.
ABO blood groups and ischaemic heart disease in men.

In 1954 Gertler and White found a significant deficit of group 0 patients in a series of 81 young male survivors of myocardial infarction. Between 1961 and 1966, a further 9 series of survivors ofmyocardial infarction were reported, and in 7 of these there was again a deficit of O's, the deficit being slight in 3 of the series but significant in 4 (Table I). Furthermore, Jaegermann (1962) found, in a series of 828 fatal cases, a significant excess of A's predisposed to ischaemic heart disease in general, as evidenced by early or well-marked atheromatous changes in the coronary arteries. In view of these findings a survey has been made of 353 male survivors of ischaemic heart disease, with special reference to duodenal ulcer, age, occupation, and family history of ischaemic heart disease.
Asp45 Is a Mg2+ Ligand in the ArsA ATPase*

The ATPase activity of ArsA, the catalytic subunit of the plasmid-encoded, ATP-dependent extrusion pump for arsenicals and antimonials in Escherichia coli, is allosterically activated by arsenite or antimonite. Magnesium is essential for ATPase activity. To examine the role of Asp45, mutants were constructed in which Asp45was changed to Glu, Asn, or Ala. Cells expressing these mutatedarsA genes lost arsenite resistance to varying degrees. Purified D45A and D45N enzymes were inactive. The purified D45E enzyme exhibited approximately 5% of the wild type activity with about a 5-fold decrease in affinity for Mg2+. Intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence was used to probe Mg2+ binding. ArsA containing only Trp159 exhibited fluorescence enhancement upon the addition of MgATP, which was absent in D45N and D45A. As another measure of conformation, limited trypsin digestion was used to estimate the surface accessibility of residues in ArsA. ATP and Sb(III) synergistically protected wild type ArsA from trypsin digestion. Subsequent addition of Mg2+ increased trypsin sensitivity. D45N and D45A remained protected by ATP and Sb(III) but lost the Mg2+ effect. D45E exhibited an intermediate Mg2+ response. These results indicate that Asp45 is a Mg2+-responsive residue, consistent with its function as a Mg2+ ligand.
A Novel RSS-Based Indoor Positioning Algorithm Using Mobility Prediction

Severe received signal strength (RSS) fluctuation is one of the crucial problems in an indoor positioning system using fingerprint-based algorithms. Even at a fixed location, the RSSs received by a mobile device at different time have large discrepancy. Adopting these fluctuated signals for positioning may lead to inaccurate results. To mitigate this problem, in this paper, any of the existing fingerprint-based indoor positioning algorithms can be integrated into our positioning system to estimate the location of mobile device. Then, a mobility prediction algorithm using the model of Brownian motion is presented for further calculating the rationality of the estimated location and correcting the inaccurate results. To be realistic, some experiments in a real WLAN environment with a multitude of people moving in a testing area demonstrate the noticeably better accuracy of this approach. The solution can ensure low and stable positioning error. Besides, the region where training records are out of date can also be found out.
Preliminary Study of the Ability of Reasoned Action Model in Predicting Exercise Behavior of Young Children

The aim of this study was to examine the ability of the Reasoned Action theory to predict exercise behavior of 56 children 10 to 11 yr. of age. Analysis showed that the Reasoned Action model's efficacy to predict exercise behavior of young children increased when the subjects' past behavior was entered in the analysis as an external variable. The regression of intention and behavior over exercise yielded significant multiple correlation coefficients of . 52 and . 70, respectively. Also, two variables of the Reasoned Action model (Behavioral Beliefs and Attitudes toward the Behavior) were strongly correlated with scores on the Children's Attitudes Toward Physical Activity. Although this inventory is a more general attitude scale, it may, in conjunction with Reasoned Action theory, satisfactorily contribute to the explanation of the exercise behavior.
Lineage Ties and Domestic Violence in Ghana

Although studies have revealed that there are numerous confounding factors affecting intimate partner violence in non-Western societies, the relevance of lineage ties has been overlooked. This article focuses on intimate partner physical violence (IPPV). Specifically, it employs data from the 2008 Demographic and Health Survey to examine the relationship between lineage groups and IPPV in Ghana. Data analyses reveal that married women who belong to patrilineal groups are more likely to experience IPPV, even after controlling for important sociodemographic factors, such as educational status and area of residence. Specifically, the probit regressions show that all else equal, the probability of experiencing IPPV is about 5 percentage points higher for women from patrilineal societies than for women from matrilineal societies. The logit regressions reveal that women from patrilineal societies are about 1.4 times more likely to experience IPPV than women from matrilineal societies. This research contributes to the scarce literature on the nature of domestic violence among women in sub-Saharan Africa.
The Extraterritorial Human Rights Obligations of States

The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights require states parties to respect and ensure the rights of persons subject to or within their ‘jurisdiction’. The meaning of ‘jurisdiction’, however, is disputed and the extent to which states parties owe their human rights obligations abroad is uncertain. This article, therefore, seeks to elucidate the extraterritorial reach of these treaties by proposing a theory of ‘jurisdiction’. It argues that there are three distinct types of extraterritorial ‘jurisdiction’ for the purposes of human rights law, each of which imposes a different level of obligations on the state party, in terms of the number of people to whom obligations are owed, the number of rights that are applicable and the extent of negative and positive duties owed in respect of those rights.
Spatial Segregation within the Spawning Migration of North Eastern Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) as Indicated by Juvenile Growth Patterns

A comparison of growth data (fish length) with latitude shows that southern juvenile mackerel attain a greater length than those originating from further north before growth ceases during their first winter. A similar significant relationship was found between the growth in the first year (derived from the otolith inner winter ring) and latitude for adult mackerel spawning between 44°N (Bay of Biscay) and 54°N (west of Ireland). These observations are consistent with spatial segregation of the spawning migration; the further north that the fish were hatched, the further north they will tend to spawn. No such relationship was found in mackerel spawning at more northerly latitudes, possibly as a consequence of increased spatial mixing in a more energetic regime with stronger currents. This study provides previously lacking support for spawning segregation behaviour among North East Atlantic mackerel – an important step towards understanding the migratory behaviour of mackerel and hence the spatiotemporal distribution dynamics around spawning time.
The Effects of Team Leader Race on Performance Evaluations

Using attribution theory, this study examined the effects of team leader race on subordinate performance evaluations. The authors found that the team leader’s performance was a major determinant of subordinate performance ratings. However, the team leader’s performance, in combination with race, also affected performance attributions. In high performing teams with a Black leader, subordinates were more likely to attribute the leader’s performance to internal causes (i.e., ability and effort) rather than external causes (i.e., luck and the ease of the game). Alternatively, in low performing teams with a Black leader, subordinates were more likely to attribute the leader’s performance to external causes. These causal attributions then tempered the direct effect of the team leader’s performance on subordinate performance ratings. Leaders who performed well received higher ratings when performance was attributed to internal rather than external factors. On the other hand, leaders who performed poorly received higher ratings when performance was attributed to external rather than internal factors.
Personalisation: Perceptions of the Role of Social Work in a World of Brokers and Budgets

Dr Janet Leece is a registered social worker who has worked in social care for many years, initially as a social work practitioner and later a Commissioning Officer. She is an honorary research fellow at Staffordshire University and an independent researcher. Janet has published extensively in the area of direct payments, including the Practitioner’s Guide to Direct Payments, published by Venture Press, and a co-edited book, Developments in Direct Payments, published by Policy Press in 2006. Dr David Leece is Professor of Financial Studies at Manchester Metropolitan University Business School and Director of the Centre for Professional Accountancy and Financial Services. He has researched and published in areas of personal finance and in financial aspects of social care.