Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Motivational Interviewing With Parents for Obesity: An RCT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Motivational interviewing (MI) has been shown to be an effective strategy for targeting obesity in adolescents, and parental involvement is associated with increased effectiveness. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the role of parental involvement in MI interventions for obese adolescents. METHODS: A total of 357 Iranian adolescents (aged 14–18 years) were randomized to receive an MI intervention or an MI intervention with parental involvement (MI + PI) or assessments only (passive control). Data regarding anthropometric, biochemical, psychosocial, and behavioral measures were collected at baseline and 12 months later. A series of intention-to-treat, 2-way repeated-measures analysis of covariance were performed to examine group differences in change in outcomes measures over the 12-month follow-up period. RESULTS: Results revealed significant effects on most of the outcome parameters for MI + PI (eg, mean ± SD BMI z score: 2.58 ± 0.61) compared with the passive control group (2.76 ± 0.70; post hoc test, P = .02), as well as an additional superiority of MI + PI compared with MI only (2.81 ± 0.76; post hoc test, P = .05). This pattern was also shown for most of the anthropometric, biochemical, psychometric, and behavioral outcome variables. CONCLUSIONS: MI with parental involvement is an effective strategy in changing obesity-related outcomes and has additional effects beyond MI with adolescents only. These findings might be important when administering MI interventions in school settings.
F eb 2 00 8 D – terms on the resolved conifold

We derive a novel deformation of the warped resolved conifold background with supersymmetry breaking ISD (1,2) fluxes by adding D7–branes to this type IIB theory. We find spontaneous supersymmetry breaking without generating a bulk cosmological constant. In the compactified form, our background will no longer be a Calabi–Yau manifold as it allows a non–vanishing first Chern class. In the presence of D7–branes the (1,2) fluxes can give rise to non-trivial D-terms. We study the Ouyang embedding of D7–branes in detail and find that in this case the D–terms are indeed non-zero. In the limit when we approach the singular conifold, the D–terms vanish for Ouyang’s embedding, although supersymmetry appears to be broken. We also construct the F-theory lift of our background and demonstrate how these IIB (1,2) fluxes lift to non–primitive (2,2) flux on the fourfold. The seven branes correspond to normalisable harmonic forms. We briefly sketch a possible way to attain an inflaton potential in this background once extra D3–branes are introduced and point out some possibilities of restoring supersymmetry in our background that could in principle be used as the end point of the inflationary set-up. In a companion paper we will analyse in details the inflationary dynamics in this background.
Internal locus of control and shiftwork effects

A range of situational, biological and psychological individual differences have been suggested to modify the impact of shift and night work. This paper discusses the development and application of a construct firmly based in the psychological/behavioural domain. The overall aim is to offer a theoretical standpoint with practical implications. Locus of Control theory has an extensive research history. In line with the evolution of thinking about this construct in terms of application in a context-specific sense, this paper describes the origins of internally-oriented Shiftwork Locus of Control (SHLOC) and presents its relationships with typically reported shiftwork-related outcomes. The SHLOC measure has been shown to be psychometrically robust and has demonstrated consistent patterns of relationships with shiftwork related variables that include sleep quality, fatigue, alertness, interference with family and social life, psychological well-being and perceived stress. In general, higher shiftwork-specific internality is associated with more positive outcomes (e.g. better sleep quality, lower fatigue, higher alertness) than lower shiftwork-specific internality. These findings hold true across a range of shiftwork situations and occupational groups. The construct has practical potential as an addition to shiftworker monitoring procedures that may be used to identify those individuals who may be more susceptible to the negative effects of shiftworking and, thereby, could benefit from targeted intervention.
Actualization Of Mental Health And Self-Reliance Through Health-Based Education Management

The study is aimed at assessing the actualization of mental health and self-reliance through health based education management among public secondary school students in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Three research questions and three research hypothesis were postulated to guide the study. The population of the study comprised all the 233 public secondary schools in Akwa Ibom State. A sample of 72 physical and health education teachers selected from 45 randomly selected secondary schools in the three Senatorial District of the state. A self developed questionnaire was used as the primary instrument for data collection for the study, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation and simple regression analysis were used to test the hypotheses. The finding revealed a significant relationship between health based education management and the actualization of based programmes and significant influence on mental health was self-reliance among secondary school students while that of the Nigeria education system was statistically insignificant. It was recommended among others that, health based education programmes should be incorporated into the secondary education system in Nigeria to enhance good mental health of the students and skill for self-reliance.
Effects of intrathecal dexmedetomidine on shivering after spinal anesthesia for cesarean section: a double-blind randomized clinical trial

Background Shivering is among the common troublesome complications of spinal anesthesia (SA), and causes discomfort and discontentment in parturients undergoing cesarean sections (CSs). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intrathecal dexmedetomidine in the prevention of shivering in those who underwent CS under SA. Subjects and methods Fifty parturients planned for elective CSs under SA were enrolled in this prospective, double-blinded, controlled study and randomly divided into two equal groups. Spinal block was achieved with 12.5 mg 0.5% heavy bupivacaine plus 5 μg dexmedetomidine (BD group) or 0.5 mL 0.9% normal saline (BN group). The incidence and intensity of shivering, peripheral and core body temperature, hemodynamic parameters, and adverse events was recorded. Results The incidence of shivering was significantly higher in the BN group (52%) than the BD group (24%) (P=0.04). Likewise, the intensity of shivering was significantly higher in the BN group than the BD group (P=0.04). The incidence of adverse events, such as hypotension, nausea/vomiting, and bradycardia, was not significantly different between the two groups, although the grade of sedation was higher in the BD group than the BN group (P=0.004). Conclusion We conclude that intrathecal dexmedetomidine is effective in lowering the incidence and intensity of shivering in parturients undergoing CSs under SA without major adverse effects.
A systematic review on factors and consequences of parental distress as related to childhood cancer

The literature including correlates of parental distress as related to childhood cancer is abundant. It is important to identify predictive factors and outcomes of this distress in parents. The objective of this review was to update previous syntheses on factors of distress and to identify outcomes of parents’ distress in the recent literature (2007–2012). We performed a systematic review to identify all quantitative studies including measures of parental distress and associated factors during the study period. We found 56 eligible studies, of which 43 had a Low risk of bias (Cochrane guidelines). Forty‐two reports included potential predictive factors. Significant relationships were found with clinical history of the child, sex of the parent, coping response and personal resources, pre‐diagnosis family functioning, but not education/income or marital status. Twenty‐five reports studied potential consequences of distress and focused on psychological adjustment in parents and children. Compared to past periods, a higher proportion of studies included fathers. Measures used to evaluate distress were also more homogeneous in certain domains of distress. This review underscores the need for appropriate methods for selecting participants and reporting results in future studies. Appropriate methods should be used to demonstrate causality between factors/consequences and distress.
Radiative feedback from an early X-ray background

The first generation of stars (commonly known as population III) are expected to form in lowmass protogalaxies in which molecular hydrogen is the dominant coolant. Radiation from these stars will rapidly build up an extragalactic ultraviolet (UV) background capable of photodissociating H2, and it is widely believed that this background will suppress further star formation in low-mass systems. However, star formation will also produce an extragalactic X-ray background. This X-ray background, by increasing the fractional ionization of protogalactic gas, promotes H2 formation and reduces the effectiveness of ultraviolet feedback. In this paper, we examine which of these backgrounds has the dominant effect. Using a simple model for the growth of the UV and X-ray backgrounds, together with a detailed onedimensional model of protogalactic chemical evolution, we examine the effects of the X-ray backgrounds produced by a number of likely source models. We show that in several cases, the resulting X-ray background is strong enough to offset UV photodissociation in large H2-cooled protogalaxies. On the other hand, small protogalaxies (those with virial temperatures T vir < 2000 K) remain dominated by the UV background in all of the models we examine. We also briefly investigate the effects of the X-ray background upon the thermal and chemical evolution of the diffuse intergalactic medium.
Sleep Deprivation Amplifies Reactivity of Brain Reward Networks, Biasing the Appraisal of Positive Emotional Experiences

Appropriate interpretation of pleasurable, rewarding experiences favors decisions that enhance survival. Conversely, dysfunctional affective brain processing can lead to life-threatening risk behaviors (e.g., addiction) and emotion imbalance (e.g., mood disorders). The state of sleep deprivation continues to be associated with maladaptive emotional regulation, leading to exaggerated neural and behavioral reactivity to negative, aversive experiences. However, such detrimental consequences are paradoxically aligned with the perplexing antidepressant benefit of sleep deprivation, elevating mood in a proportion of patients with major depression. Nevertheless, it remains unknown how sleep loss alters the dynamics of brain and behavioral reactivity to rewarding, positive emotional experiences. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), here we demonstrate that sleep deprivation amplifies reactivity throughout human mesolimbic reward brain networks in response to pleasure-evoking stimuli. In addition, this amplified reactivity was associated with enhanced connectivity in early primary visual processing pathways and extended limbic regions, yet with a reduction in coupling with medial frontal and orbitofrontal regions. These neural changes were accompanied by a biased increase in the number of emotional stimuli judged as pleasant in the sleep-deprived group, the extent of which exclusively correlated with activity in mesolimbic regions. Together, these data support a view that sleep deprivation not only is associated with enhanced reactivity toward negative stimuli, but imposes a bidirectional nature of affective imbalance, associated with amplified reward-relevant reactivity toward pleasure-evoking stimuli also. Such findings may offer a neural foundation on which to consider interactions between sleep loss and emotional reactivity in a variety of clinical mood disorders.
Skeleton-based Human Activity Recognition for Video Surveillance

Recognizing human activity is one of the important areas of computer vision research today. It plays a vital role in constructing intelligent surveillance systems. Despite the efforts in the past decades, recognizing human activities from videos is still a challenging task. Human activity may have different forms ranging from simple actions to complex activities. Recently released depth cameras provide effective estimation of 3D positions of skeletal joints in temporal sequences of depth maps. In this paper, a system for human activity recognition is proposed. We have considered the task of obtaining a descriptive labeling of the activities being performed through labeling human sub-activities. The activities we consider happen over a long period, and comprise several sub-activities performed in a sequence. The proposed activity descriptor makes the activity recognition problem viewed as a sequence classification problem. The proposed system employs Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) to recognize human activities. The system is evaluated on two benchmark datasets for daily living activity recognition. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed system outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
Exploring the role of mindfulness in the established relationship between self-efficacy and exercise motivation.

_____________________________________________________________________3 Chapter 1: Introduction________________________________________________________4-8 Overview_____________________________________________________________4-6 Summary_____________________________________________________________6-7 Hypotheses____________________________________________________________7-8 Chapter 2: Methods__________________________________________________________9-12 Participants_____________________________________________________________9 Measures___________________________________________________________10-12 Procedures_____________________________________________________________12 Chapter 3: Results__________________________________________________________13-16 Chapter 4: Discussion_______________________________________________________17-22 References________________________________________________________________23-24 Appendix_________________________________________________________________25-28 3 MINDFULNESS, SELF-EFFICACY, AND EXERCISE MOTIVATION
On the Groundwave Excited by a Vertical Hertzian Dipole Over a Planar Conductor: Second-Order Asymptotic Expansion With Applications to Plasmonics

The surface electromagnetic fields radiated by a vertical electric dipole over a lossy conducting half-space are investigated. A simple derivation is presented of the second-order asymptotic groundwave expression, using a modified saddle-point method based on integration around vertical branch cuts. The method takes into account the influence of the Sommerfeld pole, which in the plasmonic case contributes a surface plasmon polariton. The proposed groundwave formulation is shown to be superior to the state-of-the-art Norton–Bannister theory for noble metals at optical wavelengths.
Kneadings, Symbolic Dynamics and Painting Lorenz Chaos

A new computational technique based on the symbolic description utilizing kneading invariants is proposed, and verified for explorations of dynamical and parametric chaos in a few exemplary systems with the Lorenz attractor. The technique allows for uncovering the stunning complexity and universality of bi-parametric structures and detects their organizing centers — codimension-two T-points and separating saddles in the kneading-based scans of the iconic Lorenz equation from hydrodynamics, a normal model from mathematics, and a laser model from nonlinear optics.
The Role of Discourse-Level Expectations in Non-Native Speakers' Referential Choices

Expectation is a powerful mechanism in native-language processing. Listeners – child and adult – use information from various sources to create expectations about what is likely to come next. A variety of recent studies have probed anticipatory effects by measuring comprehenders' referential expectations, i.e., their guess about who or what the speaker will mention next. That work has found evidence that comprehenders are sensitive to cues such as the lexical semantics of a verb, which can create expectations regarding an upcoming referent in the current or next sentence (Altmann & Kamide, 1999; Pyykkönen & Järvikivi, 2010). Similarly, there is evidence that comprehenders are sensitive to the morphosyntactic properties of determiners which restrict the possible nouns to follow (Dahan et al., 2000; DeLong et al., 2005; Lew-Williams & Fernald, 2007). Expectations like these are not only characteristic of language processing in native speaking adults, but also in children (Borovsky et al., 2012). It thus appears that the ability to narrow down the potentially infinite range of upcoming information through the generation of expectations is likely to be a critical factor in explaining how we process language at the speed and with the success we typically do, at least in our native language. * The use of expectations, however, is not present in all contexts across all populations. Recent work indicates a decline in expectation generation in older adults (Federmeier et al., 2002), suggesting that " predictive processing may not be the best – or even a viable – strategy for all individuals at all phases of the lifespan and/or in all processing situations " (Federmeier, 2007, p. 495). This is because predictive processing comes with the risk of failure, that is, the possibility that built-up expectations are not fulfilled. In such cases, the processor will have to react swiftly and flexibly, and it will require sufficient resources to do so and still keep up with the ongoing flow of information. This may not always be possible, as for older adults with lower working memory capacities (Federmeier et al., 2002). Non-native speakers may be another such case; recent work points to limits in their expectation-driven processing at and Mónica Vidal for assistance with data collection and annotation.
The endosymbiotic origin, diversification and fate of plastids

Plastids and mitochondria each arose from a single endosymbiotic event and share many similarities in how they were reduced and integrated with their host. However, the subsequent evolution of the two organelles could hardly be more different: mitochondria are a stable fixture of eukaryotic cells that are neither lost nor shuffled between lineages, whereas plastid evolution has been a complex mix of movement, loss and replacement. Molecular data from the past decade have substantially untangled this complex history, and we now know that plastids are derived from a single endosymbiotic event in the ancestor of glaucophytes, red algae and green algae (including plants). The plastids of both red algae and green algae were subsequently transferred to other lineages by secondary endosymbiosis. Green algal plastids were taken up by euglenids and chlorarachniophytes, as well as one small group of dinoflagellates. Red algae appear to have been taken up only once, giving rise to a diverse group called chromalveolates. Additional layers of complexity come from plastid loss, which has happened at least once and probably many times, and replacement. Plastid loss is difficult to prove, and cryptic, non-photosynthetic plastids are being found in many non-photosynthetic lineages. In other cases, photosynthetic lineages are now understood to have evolved from ancestors with a plastid of different origin, so an ancestral plastid has been replaced with a new one. Such replacement has taken place in several dinoflagellates (by tertiary endosymbiosis with other chromalveolates or serial secondary endosymbiosis with a green alga), and apparently also in two rhizarian lineages: chlorarachniophytes and Paulinella (which appear to have evolved from chromalveolate ancestors). The many twists and turns of plastid evolution each represent major evolutionary transitions, and each offers a glimpse into how genomes evolve and how cells integrate through gene transfers and protein trafficking.
Pavlovian Processes in Consumer Choice: The Physical Presence of a Good Increases Willingness-to-Pay

This paper describes a series of laboratory experiments studying whether the form in which items are displayed at the time of decision affects the dollar value that subjects place on them. Using a Becker-DeGroot auction under three different conditions — (i) text displays, (ii) image displays, and (iii) displays of the actual items — we find that subjects' willingness-to-pay is 40-61 percent larger in the real than in the image and text displays. Furthermore, follow-up experiments suggest the presence of the real item triggers preprogrammed consummatory Pavlovian processes that promote behaviors that lead to contact with appetitive items whenever they are available. (JEL C91, D03, D12, D87)
Evaluating Feature Sets and Classifiers for Sentiment Analysis of Financial News

Work on sentiment analysis has thus far been limited in the news article domain. This has mainly been caused by 1) news articles lacking a clearly defined target, 2) the difficulty in separating good and bad news from positive and negative sentiment, and 3) the seeming necessity of, and complexity in, relying on domain-specific interpretations and background knowledge. In this paper we propose, define, experiment with, and evaluate, four different feature categories, composed of 26 article features, for sentiment analysis. Using five different machine learning methods, we train sentiment classifiers of Norwegian financial internet news articles, and achieve classification precisions up to ~71%. This is comparable to the state-of-the-art in other domains and close to the human baseline. Our experimentation with different feature subsets shows that the category relying on domain-specific sentiment lexical ('contextual' category), able to grasp the jargon and lingo used in Norwegian financial news, is of cardinal importance in classification - these features yield a precision increase of ~21% when added to the other feature categories. When comparing different machine learning classifiers, we find J48 classification trees to yield the highest performance, closely followed by Random Forests (RF), in line with recent studies, and in opposition to the antedated conception that Support Vector Machines (SVM) is superior in this domain.
Molecular Typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains with a Common Two-Band IS6110 Pattern

We conducted a population-based molecular typing of all Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates obtained in Alabama since 1994. Of 2,452 isolates, 1,013 (41%) had fewer than 6 bands of IS6110; 348 (14%) had a single two-band pattern (JH2). With conventional epidemiologic methods, we identified three groups of related patients with JH2 isolates. Spoligotyping and pattern of variable number of tandem repeats identified 10 molecular groups; two found by conventional methods were subdivided.