Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variants Downstream of the Ornithine Decarboxylase Gene Influence Risk of Colorectal Adenoma and Aspirin Chemoprevention

Increased mucosal polyamine levels and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity are associated with an increased risk of colorectal neoplasia and aspirin treatment reduces risk. Previous studies suggest that a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter of the ODC gene (rs2302615) may be associated with adenoma risk and/or response to aspirin chemoprevention. However, a comprehensive investigation of common genetic variation in the region of ODC gene is lacking. Using a tag SNP approach, we investigated associations between genotype or haplotype and adenoma risk among a cohort of 792 non-Hispanic white participants in a randomized trial of aspirin. Generalized linear regression was used to compute relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) adjusted for age and sex. The false discovery rate was used to account for multiple testing. Interactions terms were used to assess whether genotype modified the effect of aspirin treatment. Of 15 SNPs analyzed, seven were statistically significantly associated with adenoma risk. However, in multiple SNP regression models, only two of these, located downstream of the gene, were independently associated with risk: rs11694911 (RR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.08–1.53; P = 0.005) and rs2430420 (RR = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.03-1.40; P = 0.022). In addition, there was evidence that rs2430420 and rs28362380 modified the effect of aspirin treatment, whereas the previously investigated SNP, rs2302615, had no statistically significant main effect or interaction with aspirin treatment. Our findings suggest that common genetic variants located downstream (3′) of the ODC gene influence risk of colorectal adenoma and may also impact the efficacy of aspirin chemoprevention. Cancer Prev Res; 4(12); 2072–82. ©2011 AACR.
On the performance of semidefinite relaxation MIMO detectors for QAM constellations

Due to their computational efficiency and strong empirical performance, semidefinite relaxation (SDR)-based algorithms have gained much attention in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detection. In the case of a binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) constellation, the theoretical performance of the SDR approach is relatively well-understood. However, little is known about the case of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellations, although simulation results suggest that the SDR approach should work well in the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region. In this paper we make a first step towards explaining such phenomenon by showing that in the case of QAM constellations, several commonly used SDR-based algorithms will provide a constant factor approximation to the optimal log-likelihood value in the low SNR region with exponentially high probability. Our result gives some theoretical justification for using SDR-based algorithms for the MIMO detection of QAM signals, at least in the low SNR region.
Online Caching with Convex Costs: Extended Abstract

Modern software applications and services operate nowadays on top of large clusters and datacenters. To reduce the underlying infrastructure cost and increase utilization, different services share the same physical resources (e.g., CPU, bandwidth, I/O, memory). Consequently, the cluster provider often has to decide in real-time how to allocate resources in overbooked systems, taking into account the different characteristics and requirements of users. In this paper, we consider an important problem within this space -- how to share memory between users, whose memory access patterns are unknown in advance. We assume that the overall performance (or cost) of each user is a non-linear function of the total number of misses over a given period of time. We develop an online caching algorithm for arbitrary cost functions. We further provide theoretical guarantees for convex functions (which capture plausible practical scenarios). In particular, our algorithm is αα kα-competitive, where k is the memory (cache) size, and α is a constant which depends on the curvature of the cost functions. We also obtain a bi-criteria result which trades-off the performance and the memory size. Finally, we give a lower bound on the performance of any online deterministic algorithm which nearly matches the upper bound of our algorithm.
Brain Areas Involved in Interlimb Coordination: A Distributed Network

Whereas behavioral studies have made significant contributions toward the identification of the principles governing the coordination of limb movements, little is known about the role of higher brain areas that are involved in interlimb coordination. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to reveal the brain areas activated during the cyclical coordination of ipsilateral wrist and foot movements. Six normal subjects performed five different tasks that were presented in a random order, i.e., isolated flexion-extension movements of the right wrist (WRIST) and right foot (FOOT), cyclical coordination of wrist and foot according to the isodirectional (ISODIR) and nonisodirectional (NON-ISODIR) mode, and rest (REST). All movements were auditory paced at 66 beats/min. During the coordination of both limb segments, a distributed network was identified showing activation levels in the supplementary motor area (SMA), cingulate motor cortex (CMC), premotor cortex (PMC), primary sensorimotor cortex (M1/S1), and cerebellum that exceeded the sum of the activations observed during the isolated limb movements. In addition, coordination of the limb movements in different directions was associated with extra activation of the SMA as compared to movements in the same direction. It is therefore concluded that the SMA is substantially involved in the coordination of the nonhomologous limbs as part of a distributed motor network. Accordingly, the long-standing exclusive association that has been made between this medial frontal area and bimanual (homologous) coordination needs to be abandoned and extended towards other forms of interlimb coordination (nonhomologous).
Education, spirituality, and the whole child

Part 1 Visions and perspectives: education of the whole child the whole vision of the child education, spirituality and the whole child. Part 2 Concepts and models: human spirituality - towards an educational rationale spiritual development, spiritual experience and spiritual education experience, critical realism and the schooling of spirituality towards a secular concept of spiritual maturity childhood spirituality and contemporary developmental psychology respect for persons - a curricular crisis of identities the child in relationship - towards a communal model of spirituality spiritual - personal/social = ? a critical note on an empty category. Part 3 Cases and contexts: spiritual education and public policy 1994-1994 where angels fear to tread - discovering children's spirituality talking to young children about things spiritual modern spirituality and the history curriculum head teacher's perceptions of their role in spiritual education. Part 4 Developments and applications: spiders and eternity - spirituality and the curriculum helping to restore spiritual values in abused children learning by life - teaching about loss developing spiritual, moral and social values through a citizenship programme for primary schools can the denominational sector offer a paradigm in RE? school education and the spiritual development of adolescents the spirit of education - a model for the 21st century.
Staff Reports Forming Priors for DSGE Models ( and How It Affects the Assessment of Nominal Rigidities )

This paper discusses prior elicitation for the parameters of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models and provides a method for constructing prior distributions for a subset of these parameters from beliefs about the moments of the endogenous variables. The empirical application studies the role of price and wage rigidities in a New Keynesian DSGE model and finds that standard macro time series cannot discriminate among theories that differ in the quantitative importance of nominal frictions.
semQA: SPARQL with Idempotent Disjunction

The SPARQL LeftJoin abstract operator is not distributive over Union; this limits the algebraic manipulation of graph patterns, which in turn restricts the ability to create query plans for distributed processing or query optimization. In this paper, we present semQA, an algebraic extension for the SPARQL query language for RDF, which overcomes this issue by transforming graph patterns through the use of an idempotent disjunction operator Or as a substitute for Union. This permits the application of a set of equivalences that transform a query into distinct forms. We further present an algorithm to derive the solution set of the original query from the solution set of a query where Union has been substituted by Or. We also analyze the combined complexity of SPARQL, proving it to be NP-complete. It is also shown that the SPARQL query language is not, in the general case, fixed-parameter tractable. Experimental results are presented to validate the query evaluation methodology presented in this paper against the SPARQL standard, to corroborate the complexity analysis, and to illustrate the gains in processing cost reduction that can be obtained through the application of semQA.
Normal family processes : growing diversity and complexity

I. Overview 1. The New Normal: Diversity and Complexity in 21st-Century Families, Froma Walsh 2. Clinical Views of Family Normality, Health, and Dysfunction: From Deficit to Strengths Perspective, Froma Walsh II. Varying Family Forms and Challenges 3. Couple Interaction in Happy and Unhappy Marriages: Gottman Laboratory Studies, Janice Driver, Amber Tabares, Alyson Shapiro, and John M. Gottman 4. Contemporary Two-Parent Families: Navigating Work and Family Challenges, Peter Fraenkel and Carrie Capstick 5. Risk and Resilience After Divorce, Shannon M. Greene, Edward R. Anderson, Marion S. Forgatch, David S. Degarmo, and Mavis E. Hetherington 6. The Diversity, Strengths, and Challenges of Single-Parent Households, Carol Anderson 7. Remarriage and Stepfamily Life, Kay Pasley and Chelsea Garneau 8. Gay and Lesbian Family Life: Risk, Resilience, and Rising Expectations, Robert-Jay Green 9. Family Processes in Kinship Care, Malitta Engstrom 10. Adoptive Families, Cheryl Rampage, Marina Eovaldi, Cassandra Ma, Catherine Weigel Foy, Gina Miranda Samuels, and Leah Bloom III. Cultural Dimensions in Family Functioning 11. Culture: A Challenge to Concepts of Normality, Monica Mcgoldrick and Deidre Ashton 12. Intersections of Race, Class, and Poverty: Challenges and Resilience in African American Families, Nancy Boyd-Franklin and Melanie Karger 13. Immigrant Family Processes: A Multidimensional Framework, Celia Jaes Falicov 14. Changing Gender Norms in Families and Society: Toward Equality amid Complexities, Carmen Knudson-Martin 15. The Spiritual Dimension of Family Life, Froma Walsh IV. Developmental Perspectives on Family Functioning 16. The Family Life Cycle, Monica McGoldrick and Tazuko Shibusawa 17. Family Resilience: Strengths Forged Through Adversity, Froma Walsh 18. Normative Family Transitions, Couple Relationship Quality, and Healthy Child Development, Philip A. Cowan and Carolyn Pape Cowan 19. Mastering Family Challenges in Serious Illness and Disability, John S. Rolland 20. Family and Community Rituals in the 21st Century, Evan Imber-Black V. Advancing Family Systems Research and Practice 21. Assessment of Effective Couple and Family Functioning: Prevailing Models and Instruments, Jay Lebow and Catherine B. Stroud 22. Unraveling the Complexity of Genea "Environment Interplay and Family Processes, Erica L. Spotts 23. Neurobiology and Family Processes, Mona Dekoven Fishbane Index
A Ten-Year Follow-up Study of Chinese Schizophrenics in Hong Kong

Summary One hundred and thirty-three Chinese schizophrenic patients first seen in 1965 were traced for a follow-up assessment in 1975. Eighty-two patients attended and were fully evaluated, 47 failed to attend and 4 were known to have died. The course and outcome were graded into four categories, and it was found that 65 per cent of the fully evaluated group had full and lasting remission or showed no or mild deterioration only, despite some relapses. Intra-group comparison showed that being female, a shorter duration of illness, an acute onset, symptom-groups other than disturbances of emotion and volition, and the presence of a supportive relative are factors which affect the prognosis favourably.
Nonnegative realization of autonomous systems in the behavioral approach

Nonnegative linear systems, traditionally investigated within the state-space framework, have been recently introduced and analyzed by means of the behavioral approach. In this contribution, by focusing on autonomous behaviors, we explore the nonnegative realization problem, by deriving an extended set of necessary and sufficient (geometric) conditions for an autonomous behavior to be nonnegative realizable.
The Evolution of Ovoviviparity in a Temporally Varying Environment

Environments that vary within a generation of an organism provide opportunities for adaptation if the level of variation is severe and predictable. We describe a model of evolution in such environments with genotypes that show trade-offs in viability and fecundity. One genotype develops rapidly and has superior viability but reduced fertility relative to the alternative genotype. Conditions that allow the evolution of the rapidly developing genotypes are explored. We show how the evolution of ovoviviparity and resource specialization in Drosophila sechellia shares many important features of this model. We suggest that our model may capture many of the evolutionary forces responsible for the evolution of niche specialization and ovoviviparity seen in D. sechellia.
Composite vascularized fibular epiphyseo‐osteo‐periosteal transfer for hip reconstruction after proximal femoral tumoral resection in a 4‐year‐old child

Literature on the reconstruction of the proximal femur in skeletally immature patients with the use of an epiphyseal transplant is scarce and with variable results depending on the indication. We report successful outcomes using a modified vascularized fibular epiphyseal transplant in a 4‐year‐old boy with an oncologic lesion. We discuss the advantages of supplementing the standard graft with a vascularized fibular periosteal tissue.
Supplementary Material : Diverse Image Annotation

Here we present the results of different methods, evaluated by conventional metrics, including precision (P), recall (R) and F1 score, on ESP Game and IAPRTC-12, as shown in Table 2. ML-MG shows the best performance in all cases, which has also verified in [1]. In contrast, DPP-S-sampling gives the worst performance in all cases. The obvious reason is MLMG picks the most representative tags in top-k tags, such that more positive tags could be retrieved. In contrast, the diversity encourages DPP-S-sampling to cover tags from different semantic paths, such that some negative labels maybe included. However, as shown in the main manuscript, the conventional metrics are much less consistent with human evaluation than the semantic metrics.
Treatment of the Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I with hepatocyte transplantation.

Crigler–Najjar syndrome type I is a recessively inherited disorder characterized by severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia beginning at birth. The syndrome results from an absence of hepatic uridine diphosphoglucuronate (UDP) glucuronosyltransferase activity, which is essential for the conjugation and excretion of bilirubin. Because of the accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin in plasma, patients are at risk for kernicterus.1 Although phototherapy successfully reduces serum bilirubin levels, patients are again at risk for kernicterus around the time of puberty, when phototherapy becomes less effective.2 The necessary daily duration of phototherapy often approaches 14 to 16 hours. At present, liver transplantation is the only definitive treatment.
Competition for zinc binding in the host-pathogen interaction

Due to its favorable chemical properties, zinc is used as a structural or catalytic cofactor in a very large number of proteins. Despite the apparent abundance of this metal in all cell types, the intracellular pool of loosely bound zinc ions available for biological exchanges is in the picomolar range and nearly all zinc is tightly bound to proteins. In addition, to limit bacterial growth, some zinc-sequestering proteins are produced by eukaryotic hosts in response to infections. Therefore, to grow and multiply in the infected host, bacterial pathogens must produce high affinity zinc importers, such as the ZnuABC transporter which is present in most Gram-negative bacteria. Studies carried in different bacterial species have established that disruption of ZnuABC is usually associated with a remarkable loss of pathogenicity. The critical involvement of zinc in a plethora of metabolic and virulence pathways and the presence of very low number of zinc importers in most bacterial species mark zinc homeostasis as a very promising target for the development of novel antimicrobial strategies.
Factors associated with rapid auditory processing in 6-month-olds: Risks and potential buffering factors

Deficits in the ability to process two or more rapidly presented, successive, auditory stimuli (rapid auditory processing, RAP) are associated with later language acquisition delay and to family history of developmental learning disorders associated with poor language acquisition. The present study measured rapid auditory processing in 78 6-to 9-month-old infants living in low-income families. Primary caregivers completed the CES-D depression scale, a family history questionnaire, a household density measure, the IT-Home, and a questionnaire on the patterns of household media use. Infants participated in auditory-visual (AV) habituation and recognition memory tasks to index RAP abilities. A preliminary linear regression analysis simultaneously entering total IT-HOME, family history of language impairment, household density, and child's minutes of daily media exposure was significant when 70ms novelty preference score was the outcome variable, R 2 = 0.21, F(4, 77) = 4.78, p < . 01. Regression findings suggest that exposure to background noise early in development from multiple sources, including other people and possibly even television may enhance early perceptual discrimination. Further, replicating the findings of previous studies, infants with a family history of language impairment may be at risk for future language delays. These results have important implications for predicting later language deficits and outcomes.
Concentration of elements in mitotic chromatin as measured by x-ray microanalysis

Unfixed frozen-dried and uncoated tissue sections of the mouse duodenum were placed on carbon planchets and analyzed in a scanning electron microscope fitted with energy dispersive X-ray equipment. Computer analysis of the X-ray spectra allowed elemental microanalysis of the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitotic chromatin regions in the cryptal and villus enterocytes. The peak to continuum ratio of S, Cl, K, and Ca were higher in mitotic chromatin than any of the other sites measured. The redistribution of Ca at mitosis is postulated to help explain both chromosome condensation and assembly of the mitotic spindle apparatus.
Development and Validation of a Fluorescent Microsphere Immunoassay for Soluble CD 30 Testing

Testing for soluble CD30 (sCD30), an indicator of Th2 immune response, is a useful prognostic marker in solid organ transplantation, lymphoproliferative disorders, autoimmunity, and various parasitic diseases. In this study we report the development and validation of a fluorescent microsphere immunoassay for the detection of sCD30 in serum, plasma, and culture supernatants. The dynamic range of this assay is 1 to 400 ng/ml, and the rate of recovery of various concentrations of recombinant sCD30 ranges from 97 to 116% (average recovery, 105%). The test showed a high degree of precision in both intra-assay and interassay studies (coefficients of variation, as high as 7% and 8%, respectively), with a sensitivity of 1 ng/ml. The normal reference range calculated for a cohort of 151 healthy individuals was 1 to 29 ng/ml. The clinical usefulness of the sCD30 fluorescent microsphere immunoassay was demonstrated by showing that levels of sCD30 have a positive correlation with specimens containing high titers of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies and high titers of immunoglobulin G against Leishmania species. Given the multiplexing potential of the sCD30 fluorescent microsphere immunoassay reported in this study, it is expected that testing of sCD30 concentrations along with those of other cytokines will become an important diagnostic tool for selected immunological and inflammatory diseases where Th2-type cytokine responses have been reported.
Dissociating Neural Correlates of Action Monitoring and Metacognition of Agency

Judgments of agency refer to people's self-reflective assessments concerning their own control: their assessments of the extent to which they themselves are responsible for an action. These self-reflective metacognitive judgments can be distinguished from action monitoring, which involves the detection of the divergence (or lack of divergence) between observed states and expected states. Presumably, people form judgments of agency by metacognitively reflecting on the output of their action monitoring and then consciously inferring the extent to which they caused the action in question. Although a number of previous imaging studies have been directed at action monitoring, none have assessed judgments of agency as a potentially separate process. The present fMRI study used an agency paradigm that not only allowed us to examine the brain activity associated with action monitoring but that also enabled us to investigate those regions associated with metacognition of agency. Regarding action monitoring, we found that being “out of control” during the task (i.e., detection of a discrepancy between observed and expected states) was associated with increased brain activity in the right TPJ, whereas being “in control” was associated with increased activity in the pre-SMA, rostral cingulate zone, and dorsal striatum (regions linked to self-initiated action). In contrast, when participants made self-reflective metacognitive judgments about the extent of their own control (i.e., judgments of agency) compared with when they made judgments that were not about control (i.e., judgments of performance), increased activity was observed in the anterior PFC, a region associated with self-reflective processing. These results indicate that action monitoring is dissociable from people's conscious self-attributions of control.
Ruling Out Bosonic Repulsive Dark Matter

Self-interacting dark matter, especially bosonic, has been considered a promising candidate to replace cold dark matter (CDM) as it resolves some of the problems associated with CDM. Here, we rule out the possibility that dark matter is a repulsive boson in thermal equilibrium. We develop the model first proposed by Goodman in 2000 and derive the equation of state at finite temperature. Isothermal spherical halo models indicate a Bose–Einstein condensed core surrounded by a non-degenerate envelope, with an abrupt density drop marking the boundary between the two phases. Comparing this feature with observed rotation curves constrains the interaction strength of our model's dark matter particle, and Bullet Cluster measurements constrain the scattering cross-section. Both ultimately can be cast as constraints on the particle's mass. We find these two constraints cannot be satisfied simultaneously in any realistic halo model – and hence dark matter cannot be a repulsive boson in thermal equilibrium. It is still left open that dark matter may be a repulsive boson provided it is not in thermal equilibrium; this requires that the mass of the particle be significantly less than a millivolt.