Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revitalization of Education in Indonesia to Educational Institutional Organizations in Southeast Asian Countries

The Southeast Asian region consists of countries with diverse religious adherents. To examine the Organization of Educational Institutions throughout Southeast Asia, samples were taken from countries with a majority Muslim population and countries with a minority Muslim religion. Countries with Muslim majority adherents are Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei Darussalam, while countries with minority Muslims are Thailand, Singapore, and the Philippines. The development of Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia, among others, is marked by the gradual emergence of various educational institutions, ranging from simple ones to stages that are considered modern. Islamic educational institutions have played their functions and roles to the demands of society and their times. The development of these educational institutions has attracted the attention of experts both from within and outside the country to conduct comprehensive scientific studies. Now many research works of experts inform about the growth and development of these Islamic educational institutions. The aim is not only to enrich the treasures of knowledge with Islamic nuances as well as referecomparemparison material for managers of Islamic education in the following periods.
Enhancement of Proliferation and Invasion of Gastric Cancer Cell by KDM5C Via Decrease in p53 Expression

Gastric cancer is a malignancy with high incidence and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Development of efficient therapies against gastric cancer is urgent. Until now, the mechanisms of gastric cancer genesis remain elusive. The KDM5C is a histone demethylase that promotes cancer cell growth and is enriched in drug-resistant cancer cells. But the pathogenic breadth and mechanistic aspects of this effect relative to gastric cancer have not been defined. In present study, we found that KDM5C was overexpressed in gastric cancer cell lines and gastric cancer tissues but not in normal gastric tissues. The proliferation and invasive potential of gastric cancer cells was significantly increased by ectopic expression of KDM5C. Contrarily, RNA interference targeting KDM5C in gastric cancer cells significantly decreased the proliferation and invasive potential of cells. Moreover, we also found that the expression of p53 was modulated by KDM5C. Cells with overexpression of KDM5C exhibited greatly decreased p53 expression, whereas silencing of KDM5C expression dramatically increased p53 expression at both the messenger RNA and protein levels. Inhibition of p53 by small-interfering RNA reversed the shKDM5C-induced proliferation and invasion. Our results collectively suggested that KDM5C played a role in gastric cancer cells proliferation and invasion, which may be partly associated with the p53 expression.
Hippocampal Volume and its Association with Verbal Memory in Adult Survivors of Pediatric Brain Tumor

Verbal memory (VM) has been shown to be impacted in brain tumor (BT) survivors, but the nature of VM problems and underlying neuropathology are poorly understood and a longterm outlook is lacking. Our study examined hippocampus volume (HV) and VM in adult survivors of pediatric BT (n=32) and controls (n=48). Results indicate that disruption to a maturing brain in childhood is detectable 17 years (mean) after diagnosis, as HV is significantly lower in survivors compared to controls. Analysis of the VM scores shows that survivors have significantly lower overall immediate recall compared to controls, but learning slope, retention, and recognition are not different across the groups. Survivors’ memory profile indicates that auditory attention and retrieval difficulties could be contributing to their lower immediate recall. For survivors, HV is significantly correlated with delayed free recall but not with other VM indices. Implications of these findings are discussed. INDEX WORDS: Hippocampus, Verbal memory, Pediatric brain tumor, Survivorship, Long-term outcomes, Neuroimaging HIPPOCAMPAL VOLUME AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH VERBAL MEMORY IN ADULT SURVIVORS OF PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR
Aggregation Ordering in Bagging

The order in which classifiers are aggregated in ensemble methods can be an important tool in the identification of subsets of classifiers that, when combined, perform better than the whole ensemble. Ensembles with randomly ordered classifiers usually exhibit a generalization error that decreases as the number of classifiers that are aggregated increases. If an appropriate order for aggregation is chosen, the generalization error reaches, at intermediate numbers of classifiers, a minimum, which lies below the asymptotic error of the ensemble. This work presents some heuristics that exploit the relations between the classifiers in a bagging ensemble to identify the appropriate ordering and then select a subset for aggregation according to a desired amount pruning. The resulting subensembles are smaller and improve the classification performance of the original ensemble.
Approximating the smallest grammar: Kolmogorov complexity in natural models

We consider the problem of finding the smallest context-free grammar that generates exactly one given string of length <i>n</i>. The size of this grammar is of theoretical interest as an efficiently computable variant of Kolmogorov complexity. The problem is of practical importance in areas such as data compression and pattern extraction.The smallest grammar is known to be hard to approximate to within a constant factor, and an <i>o</i>(log<i>n</i>/log log<i>n</i>) approximation would require progress on a long-standing algebraic problem [10]. Previously, the best proved approximation ratio was <i>O</i>(<i>n</i><sup>1/2</sup>) for the <sc>Bisection</sc> algorithm [8]. Our main result is an exponential improvement of this ratio; we give an <i>O</i>(log (<i>n/g</i><sup>*</sup>)) approximation algorithm, where <i>g</i><sup>*</sup> is the size of the smallest grammar.We then consider other computable variants of Kolomogorov complexity. In particular we give an <i>O</i>(log<sup>2</sup> <i>n</i>) approximation for the smallest non-deterministic finite automaton with <i>advice</i> that produces a given string. We also apply our techniques to "advice-grammars" and "edit-grammars", two other natural models of string complexity.
Pooled-data analysis identifies pyloric pressures and plasma cholecystokinin concentrations as major determinants of acute energy intake in healthy, lean men.

BACKGROUND The interaction of nutrients with the small intestine modulates gastropyloroduodenal motility, stimulates the release of gut hormones, and suppresses appetite and energy intake. OBJECTIVE We evaluated which, if any, of these variables are independent determinants of acute energy intake in healthy, lean men. DESIGN We pooled data from 8 published studies that involved a total of 67 healthy, lean men in whom antropyloroduodenal pressures, gastrointestinal hormones, and perceptions were measured during intraduodenal nutrient or intravenous hormone infusions. In all of the studies, the energy intake at a buffet lunch was quantified immediately after the infusions. To select specific motor, hormone, or perception variables for inclusion in a multivariable mixed-effects model for determination of independent predictors of energy intake, we assessed all variables for collinearity and determined within-subject correlations between energy intake and these variables by using bivariate analyses adjusted for repeated measures. RESULTS Although correlations were shown between energy intake and antropyloroduodenal pressures, plasma hormone concentrations, and gastrointestinal perceptions, only the peak number of isolated pyloric-pressure waves, peak plasma cholecystokinin concentration, and area under the curve of nausea were identified as independent predictors of energy intake (all P < 0.05), so that increases of 1 pressure wave, 1 pmol/L, and 1 mm . min were associated with reductions in energy intake of approximately 36, approximately 88, and approximately 0.4, respectively. CONCLUSION We identified specific changes in gastrointestinal motor and hormone functions (ie, stimulation of pyloric pressures and plasma cholecystokinin) and nausea that are associated with the suppression of acute energy intake.
Transnational Communities and the Evolution of Global Production Networks: The Cases of Taiwan, China and India

Transnational entrepreneurs--US-educated immigrant engineers whose activities span national borders--are creating new economic opportunities for formerly peripheral economies around the world. As talented immigrants who have studied and worked in the USA return to their home countries to take advantage of promising new economic opportunities they are building technical communities that link regions in the developing world to the leading centers of information and communications technologies in the USA. This paper examines the cases of Taiwan, India and China to suggest that these transnational entrepreneurs and their communities provide a significant mechanism for the international diffusion of knowledge and the creation and upgrading of local capabilities--one that is distinct from, but complementary to, global production networks.
Risk Factors at Birth for Permanent Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury and Associated Osseous Deformities

Purpose. To examine the most prevalent risk factors found in patients with permanent obstetric brachial plexus injury (OBPI) to identify better predictors of injury. Methods. A population-based study was performed on 241 OBPI patients who underwent surgical treatment at the Texas Nerve and Paralysis Institute. Results. Shoulder dystocia (97%) was the most prevalent risk factor. We found that 80% of the patients in this study were not macrosomic, and 43% weighed less than 4000 g at birth. The rate of instrument use was 41% , which is 4-fold higher than the 10% predicted for all vaginal deliveries in the United States. Posterior subluxation and glenoid version measurements in children with no finger movement at birth indicated a less severe shoulder deformity in comparison with those with finger movement. Conclusions. The average birth weight in this study was indistinguishable from the average birth weight reported for all brachial plexus injuries. Higher birth weight does not, therefore, affect the prognosis of brachial plexus injury. We found forceps/vacuum delivery to be an independent risk factor for OBPI, regardless of birth weight. Permanently injured patients with finger movement at birth develop more severe bony deformities of the shoulder than patients without finger movement.
Staging of chronic myeloid leukemia in the imatinib era

Several staging classification systems, all of which were designed in the preimatinib era, are used for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The World Health Organization (WHO) recently proposed a new classification system that has not been validated clinically. The authors investigated the significance of the WHO classification system and compared it with the classification systems used to date in imatinib trials (“standard definition”) to determine its impact in establishing the outcome of patients after therapy with imatinib.
Population Snapshot of Streptococcus pneumoniae Causing Invasive Disease in South Africa Prior to Introduction of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines

We determined the sequence types of isolates that caused invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) prior to routine use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) in South Africa. PCV-13 serotypes and 6C isolates collected in 2007 (1 461/2 437, 60%) from patients of all ages as part of on-going, national, laboratory-based surveillance for IPD, were selected for genetic characterization. In addition, all 134 non-PCV isolates from children <2 years were selected for characterization. Sequence type diversity by serotype and age category (children <5 years vs. individuals ≥5 years) was assessed for PCV serotypes using Simpson’s index of diversity. Similar genotypes circulated among isolates from children and adults and the majority of serotypes were heterogeneous. While globally disseminated clones were common among some serotypes (e.g., serotype 1 [clonal complex (CC) 217, 98% of all serotype 1] and 14 [CC230, 43%)]), some were represented mainly by clonal complexes rarely reported elsewhere (e.g., serotype 3 [CC458, 60%] and 19A [CC2062, 83%]). In children <2 years, serotype 15B and 8 were the most common serotypes among non-PCV isolates (16% [22/134] and 15% [20/134] isolates, respectively). Sequence type 7052 and 53 were most common among serotypes 15B and 8 isolates and accounted for 58% (7/12) and 64% (9/14) of the isolates, respectively. Serotype 19F, 14, 19A and 15B had the highest proportions of penicillin non-susceptible isolates. Genotypes rarely reported in other parts of the world but common among some of our serotypes highlight the importance of our data as these genotypes may emerge post PCV introduction.
The VR2 Epitope on the PorA P1.7-2,4 Protein Is the Major Target for the Immune Response Elicited by the Strain-Specific Group B Meningococcal Vaccine MeNZB

ABSTRACT A protracted epidemic of group B meningococcal disease in New Zealand led to the testing of a strain-specific tailor-made vaccine, MeNZB. Immunogenicity levels achieved during age group trials enabled New Zealand's regulatory authority to grant licensure to deliver MeNZB to all individuals under age 20. During the trials target strains for serum bactericidal antibody measurements included the vaccine target strain NZ98/254 and two comparator epidemic-type strains (NZ94/167 and NZ02/09). In this study, 12 other strains differing variously from the vaccine strain by their capsular group, PorB type, and PorA variable region specificities, or PorA expression, were used as target strains. The PorA specificity of the serum bactericidal antibody responses to the vaccine was determined for 40 vaccinees. Sets of 10 pre- and postvaccination sera were chosen randomly from the young infant, older infant, toddler, and school-age group trials. Antibody recognition of linearized PorA proteins was also determined using immunoblotting. Across all age groups vaccine-induced serum bactericidal antibodies specifically targeted the VR2 P1.4 epitope of the PorA P1.7-2,4 protein irrespective of the PorB type and/or capsular type of the target strain. Deletion of amino acids within the VR2 epitope or replacement of the epitope through genetic exchange allowed strains variously to resist antibody-directed complement-mediated lysis and negated PorA-specific antibody recognition in immunoblots. The demonstration that the immunodominant antibody response was specifically for the VR2 P1.4 epitope of the PorA protein supports the public health decision to use a strain-specific vaccine for the control of New Zealand's epidemic of meningococcal disease.
Proteomics research and related functional classification of liquid sclerotial exudates of Sclerotinia ginseng

Sclerotinia ginseng is a necrotrophic soil pathogen that mainly infects the root and basal stem of ginseng, causing serious commercial losses. Sclerotia, which are important in the fungal life cycle, are hard, asexual, resting structures that can survive in soil for several years. Generally, sclerotium development is accompanied by the exudation of droplets. Here, the yellowish droplets of S. ginseng were first examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the proteome was identified by a combination of different analytical platforms. A total of 59 proteins were identified and classified into six categories: carbohydrate metabolism (39%), oxidation-reduction process (12%), transport and catabolism (5%), amino acid metabolism (3%), other functions (18%), and unknown protein (23%), which exhibited considerable differences in protein composition compared with droplets of S. sclerotium. In the carbohydrate metabolism group, several proteins were associated with sclerotium development, particularly fungal cell wall formation. The pathogenicity and virulence of the identified proteins are also discussed in this report. The findings of this study may improve our understanding of the function of exudate droplets as well as the life cycle and pathogenesis of S. ginseng.
Content-Specificity in Verbal Recall: A Randomized Controlled Study

In this controlled experiment we examined whether there are content effects in verbal short-term memory and working memory for verbal stimuli. Thirty-seven participants completed forward and backward digit and letter recall tasks, which were constructed to control for distance effects between stimuli. A maximum-likelihood mixed-effects logistic regression revealed main effects of direction of recall (forward vs backward) and content (digits vs letters). There was an interaction between type of recall and content, in which the recall of digits was superior to the recall of letters in verbal short-term memory but not in verbal working memory. These results demonstrate that the recall of information from verbal short-term memory is content-specific, whilst the recall of information from verbal working memory is content-general.
Effect of gallium arsenide diode laser on human periodontal disease: a microbiological and clinical study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The present study is aimed to describe short-term results on selected microbiological and clinical parameters obtained by treatment with soft laser in conjunction with methylene blue and/or mechanical subgingival debridement in human periodontal disease. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten patients, in whom each dental quadrant was randomly designated to receive one of four types of treatment procedures, were included in the study. Groups of quadrants received: scaling/root planing (SRP); laser application (L); SRP combined with L (SRP/L); oral hygiene instructions (OHI). Four single rooted teeth (one in each quadrant), having an interproximal site with a probing depth of 4 mm mesio-buccally, were selected in each patient. The selected teeth were first assessed for microbiological (one site/tooth) and then for clinical variables (six sites/tooth). Supragingival irrigation with methylene blue was performed prior to laser application. The microbiological (proportions of obligate anaerobes) and clinical measurements (plaque and gingival indices, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth) were evaluated over a period of 32 days. RESULTS Only the SRP/L and SRP groups provided significant reductions in the proportions of obligate anaerobes before and after treatments with no significant differences in between. Parallel to the microbiological changes, both SRP/L and SRP resulted in similar clinical improvements, whereas L alone revealed a limited effect similar to OHI. CONCLUSION Within the limits of this study, methylene blue/soft laser therapy provided no additional microbiological and clinical benefits over conventional mechanical debridement.
A death in the family: opportunities for designing technologies for the bereaved

Following the death of a loved one, bereaved family members use technology in several ways to respond to their loss. However, very little is known about how technology intersects with the lives of the bereaved. We present a survey and interview study which examines how the bereaved inherit personal digital devices, use technology to remember the deceased, and reflect on their own digital estates. The study provides one of the first characterizations of technology use by the bereaved, and presents a set of empirically-grounded design opportunities and challenges.
Magmatically assisted off-rift extension—The case for broadly distributed strain accommodation

Within continental rift settings, extensional strain is initially accommo-dated along the nascent rift margins, subsequently localizing to zones of focused magmatic intrusion. The migration of strain from rift-border faults to diking places an emphasis on constraining the magmatic plumbing system of zones of focused intrusion to resolve how extension is accommodated in the rift lithosphere. While existing rifting models concentrate on the relationship between extension and focused magmatism within the rift, there is increasing evidence of rift-related magmatic activity outside the rift valley. We examine the Galema range, an area of focused magmatic activity along the eastern margin of the Central Main Ethiopian Rift, which is morphologically similar to areas of focused magmatism within the rift. We find that whole-rock thermodynamic modeling and thermobarometric calculations on mineral-liquid pairs suggest that fractionation (and hence magma stalling depths) within the Galema range is polybaric (~7 and ~3 kbar). These results, when compared to zones of focused intrusion within the rift, indicate an incipient magmatic plumbing system. We contend that diking associated with the Galema range, which predates magmatic belts within the rift, thermomechanically modified the lithosphere along this margin. While the cessation of magmatism within the Galema range may have been precipitated by a change in magma flux, the now thermomechanically modified lithospheric mantle along this margin facilitated the subsequent development of within-rift magmatic chains. The implications of this are that off-rift magmatic activity may play an integral role in facilitating the development of rift architecture.
Assessment of Dysphagia in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Objectives: This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of swallowing impairment in Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) cases and determine if there is any correlation between disability status and the severity of swallowing impairment to take the results into consideration while drawing the intervention plan. Patients and Methods: The study included 40 patients diagnosed with RRMS, and they were subjected to history taking, neurological examination, and Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES), The Yale pharyngeal residue severity rating scale was used. Results: FEES revealed that 50 % of RRMS patients had no residue, 35% had mild residue and 15% had moderate residue. Additionally, 15% of the patients had choked with penetration, but there was no aspiration or nasal regurgitation. There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups of FEES findings regarding the expanded disability status scale (EDSS). The incidence of swallowing impairment increased with disease duration > 1 year, EDSS > 3, and in patients with more than 2 relapses. Conclusion: About half of the RRMS patients have pharyngeal residue post-swallow with variable degrees. Disease duration >1 year, a number of relapses >2 relapses, and EDSS >3 are significant risk factors for choking in MS patients.
Dimension reduction for stochastic dynamical systems forced onto a manifold by large drift: a constructive approach with examples from theoretical biology

Systems composed of large numbers of interacting agents often admit an effective coarse-grained description in terms of a multidimensional stochastic dynamical system, driven by small-amplitude intrinsic noise. In applications to biological, ecological, chemical and social dynamics it is common for these models to posses quantities that are approximately conserved on short timescales, in which case system trajectories are observed to remain close to some lower-dimensional subspace. Here, we derive explicit and general formulae for a reduced-dimension description of such processes that is exact in the limit of small noise and well-separated slow and fast dynamics. The Michaelis–Menten law of enzyme-catalysed reactions, and the link between the Lotka–Volterra and Wright–Fisher processes are explored as a simple worked examples. Extensions of the method are presented for infinite dimensional systems and processes coupled to non-Gaussian noise sources.