Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variations of the prominences of the bony palate and their relationship to complete dentures in Korean skulls

The osteological and morphological variations of the prominences in the bony palate of 160 Korean skulls were studied. The frequency of the occurrence of the posterior palatine crest, located on the posterior border of the greater palatine foramen, was 13.8%. Palatal ridges were observed commonly in the skulls; however, the smooth type, which has no palatal ridges in the palate, was shown in 14.7% of cases, and palatal spines were observed in 33.8%. The prevalence of palatal tubercles was 11.6%, and all were found in the molar region. The palatine torus was found in 18.8% of cases and the most common type was along the median palatine suture from the incisive foramen to the posterior border of the palatine bone (63.3%). No significant differences between sexes or sides were found in the posterior palatine crest, palatal ridges, and palatal tubercle. However, the sex distribution of the palatine torus was significantly different (P < 0.05). These results would be helpful clinically in fabricating maxillary complete dentures for edentulous patients. Clin. Anat. 14:324–329, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measuring Human Interest in First‐Year College Writing Textbooks

Abstract Items from reading interest checklists as well as Flesch readability and human interest scores were compared to 311 questionnaire responses from first‐year college writing students. For two chapters of their writing textbooks, students responded to items culled from interest checklists. These data were analyzed to reveal relationships among questionnaire items and between general student response and Flesch readability and human interest scores. To reveal elements students perceived as promoting interest or reading ease, questionnaire data were resolved into five principal components. Two components seem to correlate strongly with interest, while three relate to interest significantly, but not strongly. No significant relationship appeared between Flesch formula data and student perceptions of interest and reading ease. The study suggests that similar analyses might be undertaken to see whether these conclusions generalize to introductory textbooks from other disciplines.
Determinants of Alcohol Consumption By College Students

This paper exploits a random survey of 704 Ithaca College students regarding their demographics and alcohol consumption. Regression analysis is used to explore a variety of issues including: gender differences in alcohol consumption, whether marijuana and alcohol are complements or substitutes, underage drinking, the drinking habits of athletes, family history and alcohol abuse, the efficacy of specific policies designed to curb alcohol consumption by students. A separate logistic regression is used to explore the determinants of binge drinking. The main finding is that the "social norms" approach to addressing alcohol abuse on campus is based on a false premise.Perceptions of the typical amount of alcohol consumption on campus have no impact on personal consumption behavior.
Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector ( DSDV ) Protocol

An ad hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes forming an instant network without fixed topology. In such a network, each node acts as both router and host simultaneously, and can move out or join in the network freely. The instantly created network does not have any base infrastructures as used in the conventional networks, but it is compatible with the conventional networks. DSDV is a modification of the conventional Bellman-Ford routing algorithm. It addresses the drawbacks related to the poor looping properties of RIP in the face of broken links. The modification adapted in DSDV makes it a more suitable routing protocol for ad hoc networks. This paper reviews the DSDV protocol, and analyzes the properties of DSDV when it is used for ad hoc networks routing.
Developing a Commercial Air Ultrasonic Ceramic Transducer to Transdermal Insulin Delivery

The application of low-frequency ultrasound for transdermal delivery of insulin is of particular public interest due to the increasing problem of diabetes. The purpose of this research was to develop an air ultrasonic ceramic transducer for transdermal insulin delivery and evaluate the possibility of applying a new portable and low-cost device for transdermal insulin delivery. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups with six rats in each group: one control group and three experimental groups. Control group (C) did not receive any ultrasound exposure or insulin (untreated group). The second group (T 1 ) was treated with subcutaneous insulin (Humulin; R, rDNA U-100, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, IN) injection (0.25 U/Kg). The third group (T 2 ) topically received insulin, and the fourth group (T 3 ) received insulin with ultrasound waves. All the rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of ketamin hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride. Blood samples were collected after anesthesia to obtain a baseline glucose level. Additional blood samples were taken every 15 min in the whole 90 min experiment. In order for comparison the changes in blood glucose levels" to " In order to compare the changes in blood glucose levels. The statistical multiple comparison (two-sided Tukey) test showed a significant difference between transdermal insulin delivery group (T 2 ) and subcutaneous insulin injection group (T 1 ) during 90 min experiment (P = 0.018). In addition, the difference between transdermal insulin delivery group (T2) and ultrasonic transdermal insulin delivery group (T3) was significant (P = 0.001). Results of this study demonstrated that the produced low-frequency ultrasound from this device enhanced the transdermal delivery of insulin across hairless rat skin.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of armodafinil for excessive sleepiness in patients with treated obstructive sleep apnea and comorbid depression.

OBJECTIVE Treatment of excessive sleepiness in the context of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may be particularly difficult in those with depression because depression and/or antidepressant medications may cause sleepiness and fatigue in addition to that due to the OSA. This study evaluating armodafinil, a nonamphetamine wakefulness-promoting medication, is the first trial for treatment of excessive sleepiness in patients with treated OSA and comorbid depression. METHOD Men and women with OSA diagnosed using International Classification of Sleep Disorders criteria being treated with continuous positive airway pressure and comorbid major depressive disorder or dysthymic disorder according to DSM-IV-TR criteria were enrolled into a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study between September 2007 and March 2009 at 60 outpatient sites. Patients maintained on stable monotherapy with a serotonergic antidepressant and with a 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score < 17 received placebo or armodafinil (target dose: 200 mg once daily). Coprimary outcomes were the proportion of patients with at least minimal improvement on the Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) as related to excessive sleepiness and mean change from baseline in Maintenance of Wakefulness Test mean sleep latency at final visit; the key secondary outcome was mean change in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale score. RESULTS 249 patients were enrolled: 125 in the armodafinil group and 124 in the placebo group. The proportion of patients with at least minimal improvement on the CGI-C was statistically significantly greater in the armodafinil group (69%) compared with the placebo group (53%, P = .012). Mean (SD) increase in Maintenance of Wakefulness Test sleep latency was numerically but not significantly greater following armodafinil (2.6 [7.1] min) versus placebo (1.1 [7.6] min, P = .30) treatment. Mean decrease in Epworth Sleepiness Scale score was greater in the armodafinil group (-6.3 [4.8]) than in the placebo group (-4.8 [4.9], nominal P = .003). Headache, dry mouth, and insomnia were the most common adverse events occurring with armodafinil treatment. There was no clinically significant effect on depression in either group as measured by the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Report 16. CONCLUSIONS Armodafinil significantly improved overall clinical condition related to excessive sleepiness as rated by the CGI-C and was well tolerated in patients with treated OSA and comorbid depression. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00518986.
Young people's views of the outcomes of non-formal education in youth organisations: its effects on human, social and psychological capital, employability and employment

ABSTRACT This article aims to contribute to a better understanding of the role of youth organisations in enhancing the employability of young people through the development of different forms of capital: human, social and psychological. Instead of asking questions about who access extra-curricular activities that may provide young people with positional advantages in the labour market and the class biases that arise in access, the article explores whether the benefits obtained from participation vary by socio-economic background. We make use of the Youth organisations and employability (YOE) database, which contains data from over 1000 young people in more than 40 European countries on the effects of involvement in youth organisations on different forms of capital: human, social and psychological. We find positive effects of involvement on all three forms of capital. The analysis suggests that the characteristics of the involvement in youth organisations are better predictors of its outcomes than are personal characteristics, and find no significant effects of socio-economic background on the reported benefits of participation in our sample. Policy implications are derived from these findings, calling for greater policy support to increase opportunities for the involvement of young people from lower socio-economic backgrounds in youth organisations and for better informing young people of the benefits of sustained involvement with youth organisations.
Food habits, energy and nutrient intake in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Aims The aims were to describe the food habits of adolescents with Type 1 diabetes (Type 1 DM) and to compare them with healthy control subjects; to describe the distribution of energy‐providing nutrients in patients and compare it with current recommendations and previous reports; and finally, to investigate associations between dietary intake and glycaemic control.
The Dilemma of Proxy-Agency in Exercise: a Social-Cognitive Examination of the Balance between Reliance and Self-Regulatory Ability

ii I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. iii Abstract Social Cognitive Theory (SCT: Bandura, 1997) has been used successfully in understanding exercise adherence. To date, the majority of the exercise research has focused on situations of personal agency (i.e., self as agent: e.g., McAuley & Blissmer, 2000). However, there are a number of exercise situations in which people look to others to help them manage their exercise participation by enlisting a proxy-agent (Bandura, 1997). While using assistance from a proxy can promote the development of self-regulatory skills, Bandura (1997) cautions that reliance on a proxy actually reduces mastery experiences which can result in an inability to self-regulate one's behaviour. Although research examined proxy-agency in exercise (e.g., Bray et al., 2001), the issue of reliance on the proxy at the expense of the participant's ability to adjust to exercise without that agent has not been investigated. This potential dilemma of proxy-agency in exercise was at the core of this dissertation and was investigated in a series of three studies. Study 1 investigated whether those who differed in preferred level of proxy-contact also differed in their social-cognitions both within and outside a proxy-led exercise context. In addition, the relationships between proxy-efficacy, reliance and self-efficacy were examined. Results indicated that participants who preferred regular contact with an exercise proxy had lower self-regulatory efficacy, lower task efficacy, and weaker intentions in a proxy-led exercise context. Further, high-contact participants were shown to be less efficacious in dealing with the behavioural challenge of sudden class elimination. It was also demonstrated that higher reliance on the instructor was associated with lower self-efficacy and higher proxy-efficacy. Study 2 served to extend the findings of Study 1 through the examination of behavioural differences characteristic of differential levels of preferred proxy contact and the reasons for use of proxy-agency. It was found that exercise class participants preferring high contact with a iv proxy found exercising independently more difficult than did their low contact counterparts. It was also found that when faced with class elimination, those preferring high contact chose a self-managed activity alternative less frequently than did those preferring low contact. High contact participants also reported feeling less confident, less satisfied and perceived …
IMITATION AND INCITEMENT: AN ANALYSIS OF MEDIA-DRIVEN BEHAVIOUR AND CRIMINALITY

ii Acknowledgements iii Chapter 1 – Introduction 1 Chapter 2 – Methodology 4 Chapter 3 – Imitation 11 Chapter 4 – Incitement 19 Chapter 5 – Competing Theories on Media Effects 30 Chapter 6 – Future Concerns 36 Chapter 7 – Conclusion 39
The Control of Self-Propelled Microjets Inside a Microchannel With Time-Varying Flow Rates

We demonstrate the closed-loop motion control of self-propelled microjets inside a fluidic microchannel. The motion control of the microjets is achieved in hydrogen peroxide solution with time-varying flow rates, under the influence of the controlled magnetic fields and the self-propulsion force. Magnetic dipole moment of the microjets is characterized using the U-turn and the rotating field techniques. The characterized magnetic dipole moment has an average of 1.4×10-13 A.m2 at magnetic field, linear velocity, and boundary frequency of 2 mT, 100 μm/s, and 25 rad/s, respectively. We implement a closed-loop control system that is based on the characterized magnetic dipole moment of the microjets. This closed-loop control system positions the microjets by directing the magnetic field lines toward the reference position. Experiments are done using a magnetic system and a fluidic microchannel with a width of 500 μm. In the absence of a fluid flow, our control system positions the microjets at an average velocity and within an average region-of-convergence (ROC) of 119 μm/s and 390 μm, respectively. As a representative case, we observe that our control system positions the microjets at an average velocity and within an average ROC of 90 μm/s and 600 μm and 120 μm/s and 600 μm when a flow rate of 2.5 μl/min is applied against and along the direction of the microjets, respectively. Furthermore, the average velocity and ROC are determined throughout the flow range (0 to 7.5 μl/min) to characterize the motion of the microjets inside the microchannel.
Invisible at Work

This article offers a review, integration, and extension of the literature relevant to ostracism in organizations. We first seek to add conceptual clarity to ostracism, by reviewing existing definitions and developing a cohesive one, identifying the key features of workplace ostracism, and distinguishing it from existing organizational constructs. Next, we develop a broad model of ostracism in organizations. This model serves to integrate the relevant findings related to ostracism in organizations and to extend our theorizing about it. We take a decidedly organizational focus, proposing organizationally relevant factors that may cause different types of ostracism, moderate the experience of ostracism at work, and moderate the reactions of targets. We hope this article will provide a good foundation for organizational scholars interested in studying ostracism by providing a framework of prior literature and directions for future study.
Inhibition of invasion and MMPs by a nutrient mixture in human cancer cell lines: a correlation study.

UNLABELLED Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 secretion is elevated in various human cancers and their elevated expression has been associated with poor prognosis due to associated increased cancer cell invasion and metastasis. AIM To examine the correlation between in vitro MMP-2 and MMP-9 secretion and Matrigel invasion in 42 different human cancer cell lines (selected on the basis of organ malignancies) treated with a nutrient mixture (NM). MATERIALS AND METHODS The cells were cultured in their recommended media supplemented with 10% FBS and antibiotics in 24-well tissue culture plates. At near confluence, the cells were treated with NM dissolved in media at 0, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 μg/mL in triplicate. Parallel sets of cultures were also treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) 100 ng/mL for induction of enzymes. After 24 h the media were collected and MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were assayed by gelatinase zymography. Invasion studies were conducted using Matrigel in 24-well plates. RESULTS Correlation of pooled data from different cancer cell line groups demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of MMP-2 and -9 and Matrigel invasion with NM treatment and significant negative correlation between MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels and Matrigel invasion. Pooled data of cell lines expressing only MMP-2 and resistance to PMA induction of MMP-9 showed significant negative correlation (r = -0.77, p = 0.003) between MMP-2 secretion and inhibition of invasion through Matrigel. Cell lines expressing only MMP-9, showed significant negative correlation (r = -0.726, p = 0.003) between MMP-9 secretion and Matrigel invasion. Pooled data of cell lines expressing MMP-2 and MMP-9 demonstrated significant negative correlation (r = -0.821, p < 0.0001) between MMP-9 secretion and inhibition of invasion through Matrigel. Pooled data of cancer cell lines expressing no basal MMP- 9 secretion demonstrated significant negative correlation (r = -0.686, p < 0.0001) between PMA-induced MMP-9 secretion and inhibition of invasion through Matrigel. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, regardless of MMP-2 and MMP-9 patterns of expression, MMP modulation by NM was found to be significantly correlated with NM modulation of Matrigel invasion of these cell lines.
Characterization of a Human H5N1 Influenza A Virus Isolated in 2003

ABSTRACT In 2003, H5N1 avian influenza virus infections were diagnosed in two Hong Kong residents who had visited the Fujian province in mainland China, affording us the opportunity to characterize one of the viral isolates, A/Hong Kong/213/03 (HK213; H5N1). In contrast to H5N1 viruses isolated from humans during the 1997 outbreak in Hong Kong, HK213 retained several features of aquatic bird viruses, including the lack of a deletion in the neuraminidase stalk and the absence of additional oligosaccharide chains at the globular head of the hemagglutinin molecule. It demonstrated weak pathogenicity in mice and ferrets but caused lethal infection in chickens. The original isolate failed to produce disease in ducks but became more pathogenic after five passages. Taken together, these findings portray the HK213 isolate as an aquatic avian influenza A virus without the molecular changes associated with the replication of H5N1 avian viruses in land-based poultry such as chickens. This case challenges the view that adaptation to land-based poultry is a prerequisite for the replication of aquatic avian influenza A viruses in humans.
Progressive resistance exercise training in Chronic Kidney Disease : A 2 feasibility study

1 Progressive resistance exercise training in Chronic Kidney Disease: A 2 feasibility study. 3 Emma L.Watson, PhD, Neil J. Greening, MD, João L. Viana,PhD, Jaspreet Aulakh,BSc, 4 Danielle H. Bodicoat, PhD, Jonathan Barratt, PhD, John Feehally, DM, and Alice C. 5 Smith, PhD. 6 Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, UK. Institute for Lung Health, Department of 7 Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK. School of Sport, Exercise 8 and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK. Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, 9 Leicester, UK. John Walls Renal Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester Trust, Leicester, UK. 10 11 Running Title: Resistance exercise training in CKD 12 Corresponding author 13 Emma L Watson 14 Leicester Kidney Exercise Team 15 Dept of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, 16 Medical Sciences Building 17 University of Leicester 18 Leicester 19 LE1 9HN 20 UK 21 Tel: (+44-116) 252 5033 22 Fax: (+44-116) 252 5030 23 24 email: ec174@le.ac. uk 25 26
Ambigüedad y variación del pronombre personal sujeto

1. Introducción Tradicionalmente se ha explicado la facultad que tiene el español de construir oraciones sin pronombre personal sujeto por el rico sistema de desinencias verbales que posee. Se considera que los morfemas verbales aportan información suficiente acerca de la persona sujeto y, por tanto, la expresión de un pronombre que reitera dicha persona resulta redundante. Las gramáticas señalan algunas condiciones en que la presencia pronominal podría ser necesaria. Por ejemplo, Gili Gaya (1973: 227-229) sostiene que el uso del pronombre de primera y segunda persona del singular es enfático y significa “insistencia particular en hacer resaltar el sujeto”. En el caso de la tercera persona su realización la explica porque puede haber ambigüedad, puesto que “las terceras personas posibles son muchas”. Lo mismo ocurre cuando existe identidad entre las formas de las personas primera y tercera del singular. Por último, considera posible el uso del pronombre por costumbres individuales y locales. También para la gramática de la Real Academia (1974: 421-422), las situaciones que propician el empleo pronominal son el énfasis y la ambigüedad. La expresión/omisión de los pronombres personales sujeto ha suscitado el interés de muchos investigadores que han tratado de describir los factores que condicionan un uso u otro en distintos puntos del ámbito hispánico. Los resultados de los estudios han puesto de manifiesto algunas diferencias entre las variedades, especialmente en el caso del pronombre yo que ha sido el más examinado. Por su parte, los estudios de carácter sociolingüístico han constatado que la variable correlaciona en algunas comunidades con factores sociales, si bien los factores lingüísticos –pragmáticos, semánticos, morfológicos y sintácticos– tienen un mayor peso en la variación. La mayoría de estos trabajos ha analizado el alcance que la indiferenciación que se presenta en algunos tiempos verbales entre la primera y tercera persona del singular (yo iba; él/ ella/usted iba) tiene en la expresión pronominal, uno de los pocos factores que señalan todas las gramáticas. En un buen número de estudios, el análisis se ha realizado examinando exclusivamente la ambigüedad morfológica; mientras que en otros se ha contemplado, además, el papel del contexto discursivo en la solución de esta ambigüedad; es el caso de las investigaciones de Silva-Corvalán (1982) sobre el español de los méjico-americanos de los Ángeles, de Bentivoglio (1987) en Caracas y de Barrenechea y Alonso (1977) en el español bonaerense. En estos trabajos se ha considerado que la información contextual ayuda a discriminar la persona del verbo, de modo que sólo en escasas circunstancias resulta necesaria la mención del pronombre para asegurar la eficacia comunicativa. 2. Objetivos e hipótesis Con el fin de explorar estas cuestiones, realizamos un estudio sociolingüístico sobre el uso los pronombres yo y él/ella en la ciudad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. El trabajo analiza los factores lingüísticos y sociales que condicionan la variación de estos