Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advertising “like a girl”: Toward a better understanding of “femvertising” and its effects

This paper investigates the impact of femvertising (female empowerment advertising). More specifically, it hypothesizes that femvertising (vs. traditional portrayals of females in advertising) will reduce ad reactance among a female target audience, and that this in turn will enhance ad and brand attitudes. The results of three experimental studies indicate that this is indeed the case, and that the results hold across print and digital media, for five different product categories, and for femvertising focusing on challenging female stereotypes in terms of physical characteristics as well as the roles and occupations used to portray women in advertising. Although previous studies of the effects of female portrayals tend to focus on social comparison and self-identity, the current paper considers the role of psychological reactance to (more or less) stereotypical portrayals in explaining these effects. The results suggest that marketers have much to gain from adapting a more proactive and mindful approach to the female portrayals they use in their ads.
Lead motako goi mailako kirol eskaladaren behaketa eta analisia: denbora patroien detekzioa

Kirol eskalada gero eta jarraitzaile gehiago dituen kirol jarduera da. Tesi honek kirol eskaladako zailtasuneko modalitatean jarri du fokua, Lead moduan ezaguna den lehiaketan hain zuzen. Tesi honen helburu eskalada modalitate honetako lehiaketako ezaugarriak zehaztasunez aztertzea izan zen, betiere ikuspuntu estrategikotik. Horretarako behaketa metodologia erabili zen. Lehenengo pausua behaketa tresna sortzea izan zen (SCOT) eta ondoren, Munduko Eskalada Txapelketa desberdinak behatuz erregistro jaso genituen. Bildutako informazioaren lehenik azterketa deskribatzaileak egin genituen, eta ondoren denbora patroiak erabiliz baita azterketa inferentzialak. Egindako ikerketekin hasieran planteatutako helburuak bete genituen, eta horrela goi mailako kirol eskalatzaileen entrenamenduak diseinatu eta test desberdinak burutzeko ekarpenak eskaini ziren, idatzitako lau artikuluetan. // Kirol eskalada gero eta jarraitzaile gehiago dituen kirol jarduera da. Tesi honek kirol eskaladako zailtasuneko modalitatean jarri du fokua, Lead moduan ezaguna den lehiaketan hain zuzen. Tesi honen helburu eskalada modalitate honetako lehiaketako ezaugarriak zehaztasunez aztertzea izan zen, betiere ikuspuntu estrategikotik. Horretarako behaketa metodologia erabili zen. Lehenengo pausua behaketa tresna sortzea izan zen (SCOT) eta ondoren, Munduko Eskalada Txapelketa desberdinak behatuz erregistro jaso genituen. Bildutako informazioaren lehenik azterketa deskribatzaileak egin genituen, eta ondoren denbora patroiak erabiliz baita azterketa inferentzialak. Egindako ikerketekin hasieran planteatutako helburuak bete genituen, eta horrela goi mailako kirol eskalatzaileen entrenamenduak diseinatu eta test desberdinak burutzeko ekarpenak eskaini ziren, idatzitako lau artikuluetan. // Kirol eskalada gero eta jarraitzaile gehiago dituen kirol jarduera da. Tesi honek kirol eskaladako zailtasuneko modalitatean jarri du fokua, Lead moduan ezaguna den lehiaketan hain zuzen. Tesi honen helburu eskalada modalitate honetako lehiaketako ezaugarriak zehaztasunez aztertzea izan zen, betiere ikuspuntu estrategikotik. Horretarako behaketa metodologia erabili zen. Lehenengo pausua behaketa tresna sortzea izan zen (SCOT) eta ondoren, Munduko Eskalada Txapelketa desberdinak behatuz erregistro jaso genituen. Bildutako informazioaren lehenik azterketa deskribatzaileak egin genituen, eta ondoren denbora patroiak erabiliz baita azterketa inferentzialak. Egindako ikerketekin hasieran planteatutako helburuak bete genituen, eta horrela goi mailako kirol eskalatzaileen entrenamenduak diseinatu eta test desberdinak burutzeko ekarpenak eskaini ziren, idatzitako lau artikuluetan.
Parameter estimation in ProbLog from annotated queries

We introduce the problem of learning the parameters of the probabilistic database ProbLog. Given the observed success probabilities of a set of queries, we compute the unobserved probabilities attached to facts that have a low approximation error on the training examples as well as on unseen examples. The objective function to be minimized is the squared-error between the measured and computed values of the queries. As we will show, our approach is able to learn both from queries and from proofs and even from both simultaneously. This makes it flexible and allows faster training in domains where proofs are available. Experiments on real world data show the usefulness and effectiveness of this least squares calibration of probabilistic databases.
Innovation and Microenterprises Growth in Ethiopia

This paper addresses two prominent issues on the development of small enterprises in Africa. Which factors inhibit or foster innovation activities in small enterprises? Do innovators create more jobs? We use a large set of microenterprises survey data from Ethiopia that comprise 1000 observations with ten and fewer workers. The analysis shows that firms larger in size and in manufacturing are more likely to engage in innovative activities. Among the human capital variables vocational training is found to have a strong effect on the innovation activity. However, firms owned by female and old entrepreneurs are less likely to get involved in innovation. In an extended model of firm growth determinants that includes innovation indicators we found strong evidence that innovators grow faster than non-innovators. Firm growth is also affected by other factors such as the firm's initial size, age, access to finance, sector, and owner character. Our estimation results provide supporting evidence to the stylized fact that the smaller, younger, and less capital constrained firms grow faster than their counterparts. Firms in manufacturing also grow faster than other sectors.
MEASURING THE INTEREST RATE SENSITIVITY OF LOSS RESERVES

In order to apply asset-liability management techniques to property-liability insurers, the sensitivity of liabilities to interest rate changes, or duration, must be calculated. The current approach is to use the Macaulay or modified duration calculations, both of which presume that the cash flows are invariant with respect to interest rate changes. Based on the structure of liabilities for property-liability insurers, changes in interest rates—given that interest rates are correlated with inflation—should affect future cash flows on existing liabilities. This paper analyzes the effect that interest rate changes can have on these cash flows, shows how to calculate the resulting effective duration of these liabilities, and demonstrates the impact of failing to use the correct duration measure on asset-liability management for property-liability insurers.
Model-Based Methods for Linking Web Service Choreography and Orchestration

In recent years, many Web service composition languages have been proposed. Web service choreography describes collaboration protocols of cooperating Web service participants from a global view. Web service orchestration describes collaboration of the Web services in predefined patterns based on local decision about their interactions with one another at the message/execution level. In this work, we present model-based methods to close the gap between the two views. Building on the strength of model checking techniques, Web service choreography and orchestration are verified against temporal properties or against each other (to show that they are consistent). Specialized optimization techniques are developed to handle large Web service models. Furthermore, we propose a method to mechanically synthesize a prototype Web service orchestration from choreography, by repairing the choreography if necessary and projecting relevant behaviors to each service provider.
Low-Delay Distributed Source Coding : Bounds and Performance of Practical Codes

The performance of distributed source coding methods based on scalar quantization followed by scalar entropy coding is investigated. For a fixed quantizer, the problem is converted to that of zero-error entropy coding for bipartite graphs with a special structure. It is then experimentally shown that for bipartite graphs corresponding to jointly Gaussian sources and high-resolution uniform quantization, (i) the asymptotic rate region for zero-error entropy coding is significantly above the rates that can be achieved by Slepian-Wolf coding of the quantization indices, and (ii) a very simple scalar zero-error entropy coding scheme comes very close to the asymptotic performance. Also, a new type of non-uniform quantization based on reversing the order of compressors and expandors is introduced, and it is shown that under the proposed framework, non-uniform quantization can outperform uniform quantization, in contrast with point-to-point communication scenarios.
HYPERSPECTRAL MONITORING OF CORAL REEFS A CASE STUDY: FORDATE, TANIMBAR, INDONESIA*

The overall aim of this study is to monitor coral reefs and associated ecosystems by integrating different remote sensing data with spectral libraries and field measurements. To assess and verify the technical feasibility of a spaceborne hyperspectral sensor, a preliminary bottomtype classification was made based on hyperspectral data from the CHRIS/PROBA sensor. The atmospheric correction was performed with in-house atmospheric correction software, WATCOR, which takes into account atmospheric and air/water-interface effects. Due to the lack of bathymetric information, a water column correction could not be performed. As ground-truth data was available neither, the classification was based on automatic endmember selection using datainherent spectral and spatial information. After the endmember selection, a Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) procedure was followed to classify the dataset. Although some problems remain to be solved, the preliminary result presented, shows the potential of spaceborne hyperspectral data for detail coral reef studies.
Very High Energy Gamma Rays from Plerions: CANGAROO Results

The current status of very high energy gamma ray astronomy (in ∼ 1 TeV region) is described by using as example results of CANGAROO (Collaboration of Australia and Nippon for a GAmma Ray Observatory in the Outback). Gamma rays at TeV energies, emitted through inverse Compton effect of electrons or π0 decay from proton interaction, provide direct evidence on “hot” non-thermal processes of the Universe, as well as environmental features, such as the strength of magnetic field in the emission region, for the non-thermal processes.
Pengembangan Karakter Jujur Melalui Pembiasaan

Honesty is a the important character in the student. The creation of this character takes quite a long time and cannot be conducted in an instant. Honest character can be developed using the behavioristik theory by conditioning with stimulus-response technique-reinforcement. The role of teacher, counselors, other school personnel, parents and the community are very important in the development of the student’s characters through conditioning .
Expression of E-Cadherin, Leukemia Inhibitory Factor and Progesterone Receptor in Mouse Blastocysts after Ovarian Stimulation

Objective: The appropriate interaction between a blastocyst and the endometrium is essential for successful implantation. Numerous factors, including hormone receptors (progesterone receptor), cytokines [leukemia inhibitory factors (LIF)], and adherence molecules such as E-cadherin are involved in the cross-talk that occurs between the embryo and endometrium. Studies show that a lack of these genes impact endometrial receptivity. In this study, we compare the expression levels of E-cadherin, LIF, and progesterone receptor (PgR) genes in blastocysts that have been obtained from superovulated mice to those obtained from natural cycles. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, for the experimental group, a total of 17 virgin female NMRI mice (6- 8 weeks old) were injected with 7.5 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG). Their blastocysts (approximately n= 120) were flushed out after 3.5 days, following administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The control group consisted of blastocysts from 62 female mice that were mated with male mice. The natural cycle blastocysts were flushed out from the female mice uteri 3.5 days after mating. The expression levels of E-cadherin, LIF, t PgR genes were examined by quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Data were analyzed by the student’s t-test (one sample t-test). Results: Expression levels of all studied genes were significantly lower in the hormone-treated group compared to the natural cycle blastocysts (p<0.05). Conclusion: Although ovarian stimulation is utilized to obtain more oocytes in ART cycles, it seems that this could disadvantageous to implantation because of the decrease in expression levels of certain genes. Because of the important roles of E-cadherin, LIF, and progesterone receptor in the implantation process, we have shown lower expression levels of these genes in mouse blastocysts obtained from ovarian-stimulated mice than those derived from the natural cycle. The results observed in this study have shown the possibility of an unfavorable effect on implantation and pregnancy rate.
Impact of miR-21, miR-126 and miR-221 as Prognostic Factors of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma with Tumor Thrombus of the Inferior Vena Cava

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) characterized by a tumor thrombus (TT) extending into the inferior vena cava (IVC) generally indicates poor prognosis. Nevertheless, the risk for tumor recurrence after nephrectomy and thrombectomy varies. An applicable and accurate prediction system to select ccRCC patients with TT of the IVC (ccRCC/TT) at high risk after nephrectomy is urgently needed, but has not been established up to now. To our knowledge, a possible role of microRNAs (miRs) for the development of ccRCC/TT or their impact as prognostic markers in ccRCC/TT has not been explored yet. Therefore, we analyzed the expression of the previously described onco-miRs miR-200c, miR-210, miR-126, miR-221, let-7b, miR-21, miR-143 and miR-141 in a study collective of 74 ccRCC patients. Using the expression profiles of these eight miRs we developed classification systems that accurately differentiate ccRCC from non-cancerous renal tissue and ccRCC/TT from tumors without TT. In the subgroup of 37 ccRCC/TT cases we found that miR-21, miR-126, and miR-221 predicted cancer related death (CRD) accurately and independently from other clinico-pathological features. Furthermore, a combined risk score based on the expression of miR-21, miR-126 and miR-221 was developed and showed high sensitivity and specificity to predict cancer specific survival (CSS) in ccRCC/TT. Using the combined risk score we were able to classify ccRCC/TT patients correctly into high and low risk cases. The risk stratification by the combined risk score (CRS) will benefit from further cohort validation and might have potential for clinical application as a molecular prediction system to identify high- risk ccRCC/TT patients.
The proposal and initial exploration of the connectedness and loneliness model (CLM)

The present dissertation had the goals of critically reviewing the literature that investigates social connectedness and loneliness, especially regarding the conceptualizations and measurement procedures that have been mostly used. This work also aims to propose a model that synthesizes current knowledge, suggest new directions for conceptualizing social connectedness and loneliness – the connectedness and loneliness model (CLM) –, and to empirically explore of some of its core assumptions and implications. Six studies using different methods were conducted to reach these goals. The studies provided evidence that raise questions about many aspects of the way social connectedness and loneliness have been conceptualized and measured in social psychology for the last decades. These studies offered different contributions to the field, such as evidence in favor of a multidimensional approach to connectedness and loneliness while indicating that the validity of the UCLA loneliness scale is questionable and that there is evidence against the bipolarity hypothesis. The connectedness and loneliness model (CLM) is the main theoretical contribution of the present dissertation as it is the first formal model that describes explicitly a nomological net with antecedent and consequent processes that aims to explain the diversity of effects of connectedness and loneliness on health and social receptivity/avoidance. Three different measurement procedures were also developed or adapted to Brazil and now can be used by other researchers. The results of the studies were coherent with some assumptions of the CLM, which is an indication of its potential usefulness.
The systemic face of airway diseases: the role of C-reactive protein

Airway diseases, predominantly asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are highly prevalent diseases, constituting a major financial burden to society. Both asthma and COPD are identified by the presence of characteristic symptoms and functional abnormalities. Airflow limitation is the dominant physiological characteristic of both diseases. The airflow limitation in asthma must be reversible to establish a diagnosis, whereas in COPD the airflow limitation does not change markedly over periods of several months and the disease is characterised by a steady downhill course over time. Asthma usually commences in childhood, whereas COPD is generally diagnosed at an older age. Lung inflammation induced by different initiating factors is now recognised as an important characteristic in both diseases. The airway inflammation in asthma is characterised by an increase in eosinophils, lymphocytes (predominantly of the CD4+ type) and mast cells. In contrast, inflammation in COPD can be described by a predominance of lymphocytes, in particular CD8+ lymphocytes, and large numbers of neutrophils in the airway lumen. While achievement of asthma control and suppression of airway inflammation are considered as important management goals in asthma, particularly as a consequence of the effects of inhaled steroids in this disease process, the focus of research in COPD has moved from the typical pulmonary pathology of COPD to the role of numerous abnormalities outside the lung. At present, COPD is considered as a multicomponent disease, including skeletal muscle dysfunction and cachexia, as well as cardiovascular and osteoskeletal alterations. Particularly in order to explain the process of muscle wasting, the presence of a chronic low-grade systemic inflammatory response has been identified as one of the catabolic factors, although the precise role, as well as the intracellular pathways, remain to be defined 1. In this issue of the European Respiratory Journal (ERJ) , two clinical papers focus attention …
Feminist men?: examining men’s feminist self-identification, activism and the impact of language

Abstract Men’s participation is essential to achieving gender equality. This study addresses research gaps in the under-studied area of men’s participation in gender equality activism. We demonstrate, among an online sample of US men, (a) a strong, independent association (β = .60) between degree of feminist self-identification and reported activism for gender equality and (b) the importance of survey language in assessing activism, with men being more likely to report activism when the term ‘feminist’, or related terms, is not used. The positive association between labelling and activism replicates in men a pattern consistently observed in women, and challenges the notion that men cannot be feminists. We also randomly assigned participants to report their degree of feminist identification either before or after reporting their level of activism. Whether feminist identification was reported first or last had no effect on activism rates. Overall, in spite of study manipulations (i.e. (a) modifications to scale language and (b) identity priming), activism rates remained low. Finally, an ancillary analysis demonstrated that feminist identification substantially mediated the association between sexual minority status and reported activism. Practical implications suggest the need to target stigma towards feminism in men in order to increase self-identification and, ultimately, activism.
The changing interstellar medium of massive elliptical galaxies and cosmic evolution of radio galaxies and quasars

The recently discovered apparent dramatic expansion in the effective radii of massive elliptical galaxies from z ≃ 2 to z ≃ 0.1 has been interpreted in terms of either galaxy mergers or the rapid loss of cold gas due to AGN feedback. In examining the latter case we have quantified the extent of the expansion, which is uncer tain observationally, in terms of the star formation parameters and time of the expulsion of the cold gas. In either case, the large global decrease in stellar density should transla te into a major drop in the ISM density and pressure with cosmic epoch. These cosmological changes are expected to have a major influence on the gas accretion mode, which will shift fr om ‘cold’ thin disk accretion at high redshifts toward ‘hot’ Bondi fed ADAF accretion at lo w redshifts. The decline of angular momentum inflow would then lead to a spin down of the bl ack hole, for which we have calculated more precise time scales; a value of about 0.2 Gyr is typical for a 10 9 M⊙ central black hole. These results have implications for the different cosmological evolutionary patterns found for the luminosity functions of powerful and weak radio galaxies.
An exact relation between free energy fluctuations and bond chaos in the Sherrington–Kirkpatrick model

Using a variant of the interpolating Hamiltonian technique, we show that there exists, in the Sherrington–Kirkpatrick spin glass, an exact connection between the sample-to-sample fluctuations of the free energy and bond chaos involving two- and four-replica overlaps between replicas with different but correlated bonds. This relation is used to derive an upper bound of the fluctuations.
Mitigation Techniques of Channel Collisions in the TTFR-based Asynchronous Spectral Phase-Encoded Time-Spreading (SPECTS) Optical CDMA System

In this paper, we propose a spectral-slice scheme and a chip-level detection for the TTFR-based asynchronous SPECTS-OCDMA system combined with time-encoding. The spectral-slice scheme can reduce the interference probability because the MAI with the different frequency has no adverse effects on the channel collision rate. Moreover, the chip-level detection can enhance the tolerance of MAI because the channel collision does not occur as long as either of the detection time positions receives no MAI. As a result, these techniques mitigate channel collisions. We analyze the channel collision rate theoretically, and show that the proposed system can achieve a lower channel collision rate in comparison with the conventional systems.