Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of executive function in patients with mild traumatic brain injury.

BACKGROUND The nature of functional deficit after mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) defined by Glasgow Coma Score of 13-15 is not fully described. This study explored the sensitivity of several neuropsychological tests to identify sequelae of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS Eleven adult patients with mild TBI admitted to a Level 1 trauma center were studied. The battery of tests included the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children -Revised: Mazes Subtest, Trails A and B, the Boston Naming Test, The Multilingual Aphasia Examination: Controlled Oral Word Association Test, and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task. RESULTS Control subjects performed significantly better than patients with mild TBI on Trails A and B, the Controlled Oral Word Association Test, and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (subtests 2-4). No significant differences in performances between patients and controls was found for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children -Revised: Mazes Subtest, Boston Naming Test, and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task Subtest 1. CONCLUSION The results suggest that tests of specific frontal lobe executive functions are valuable in diagnosing and monitoring recovery from mild TBI.
Description and Prediction of Slashdot Activity

We perform a statistical analysis of user's reaction time to a new discussion thread in online debates on the popular news site Slashdot. First, we show with Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests that a mixture of two log-normal distributions combined with the circadian rhythm of the community is able to explain with surprising accuracy the reaction time of comments within a discussion thread. Second, this characterization allows to predict intermediate and long-term user behavior with acceptable precision. The prediction method is based on activity-prototypes, which consist of a mixture of two log-normal distributions, and represent the average activity in a particular region of the circadian cycle.
Pattern and outcome of acute kidney injury among Sudanese adults admitted to a tertiary level hospital: a retrospective cohort study

Introduction Little is known about the pattern and outcome of Acute Kidney injury (AKI) in Sudan. This study aimed to determine the etiology and outcome of AKI among Sudanese adults. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary level hospital, Soba University Hospital, Sudan. The medical records of all adults admitted to hospital from the 1st of January to 31st of December 2014 were reviewed. The diagnosis and severity of AKI was defined as per the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) recommendations. Results The medical records of 6769 patients were reviewed. AKI was diagnosed in 384 patients (5.7%); being community acquired in 82.6% of cases. Sepsis, volume depletion, obstructive uropathy, heart failure, acute glomerulonephritis and severe malaria were the commonest causes of AKI diagnosed in 44%, 38.5%, 8.9%, 5.7%, 4.7% and 3.1% of patients, respectively. Following treatment complete renal recovery was seen in 35.7% of patients; whereas 31.2% of patients died. Predictors of increased risk of death were old age [OR 1.03, 95% CI (1.01-1.057); P=0.003], presence of chronic liver disease [OR 2.877, 95% CI (1.5-5.5); P=0.001], sepsis [OR 2.51, 95% CI (1.912-4.493);P=0.002] and the severity of AKI [OR 3.873, 95% CI(1.498-10.013);P=0.005]. Conclusion AKI was diagnosed in 5.7% of adults admitted to hospital. Most patients were having community acquired AKI. Old age, the presence of chronic liver disease, sepsis, and the severity of AKI as per KDIQO staging were significant predictors of mortality.
Guarded Computational Type Theory

Nakano's later modality can be used to specify and define recursive functions which are causal or synchronous; in concert with a notion of clock variable, it is possible to also capture the broader class of productive (co)programs. Until now, it has been difficult to combine these constructs with dependent types in a way that preserves the operational meaning of type theory and admits a hierarchy of universes Ui. We present an operational account of guarded dependent type theory with clocks called CTT, featuring a novel clock intersection connective {k ÷ clk} → A that enjoys the clock irrelevance principle, as well as a predicative hierarchy of universes Ui which does not require any indexing in clock contexts. CTT is simultaneously a programming language with a rich specification logic, as well as a computational metalanguage that can be used to develop semantics of other languages and logics.
Evaluating Next-Cell Predictors with Extensive Wi-Fi Mobility Data

Location is an important feature for many applications, and wireless networks may serve their clients better by anticipating client mobility. As a result, many location predictors have been proposed in the literature, though few have been evaluated with empirical evidence. This paper reports on the results of the first extensive empirical evaluation of location predictors using a two-year trace of the mobility patterns of more than 6,000 users on Dartmouth's campus-wide Wi-Fi wireless network. The surprising results provide critical evidence for anyone designing or using mobility predictors. We implemented and compared the prediction accuracy of several location predictors drawn from four major families of domain-independent predictors, namely, Markov-based, compression-based, PPM, and SPM predictors. We found that low-order Markov predictors performed as well or better than the more complex and more space-consuming compression-based predictors
Modeling and Fault Diagnosis of a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Using Electrical Equivalent Analysis

Fuel cell systems are complex systems and a high degree of competence is needed in different areas of knowledge such as thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, electrochemistry, and others, for their comprehension. This paper is a contribution to global modeling and fault diagnosis of these systems. More precisely, the goal of this paper is twofold. First, an electrical equivalent model, which could be used as a unifying approach to fuel cell systems will be resented. Second, a methodology to use the electrical model for fuel cell system diagnosis will be introduced, making special emphasis on fuel cell flooding detection. In order to illustrate the relevance of the proposed approach, experimental validations of the model, and the diagnosis methodology are proposed.
Bidirectional communication in neural networks moderated by a Hebb-like learning rule

Institut fu¨r Theoretische Physik, Universit¨at Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee, 28334 Bremen(Dated: February 2, 2008)We demonstrate that our recently introduced stochastic Hebb-like learning rule [7] is capable oflearning the problem of timing in general network topologies generated by an algorithm of Watts andStrogatz [20]. We compare our results with a learning rule proposed by Bak and Chialvo [2, 4] andobtain not only a signiﬁcantly better convergence behavior but also a dependence of the presentationorder of the patterns to be learned by introduction of an additional degree of freedom which allowsthe neural network to select the next pattern itself whereas the learning rule of Bak and Chialvostays uneﬀected. This dependence oﬀers a bidirectional communication between a neuronal and abehavioural level and hence completes the action-perception-cycle which is a characteristics of anyliving being with a brain.
Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy after rituximab treatment for membranous nephropathy

Rituximab is an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody frequently used for the treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. In addition, rituximab has recently been increasingly used as an off-label treatment in a number of inflammatory and systemic autoimmune diseases. It is advised that rituximab infusion may cause infusion reactions and adverse cardiac effects including arrhythmia and angina, especially in patients with prior history of cardiovascular diseases. However, its detailed cardiotoxicity profile and effects on cardiac function were not well described. We report a 51-year-old man who developed non-ischemic cardiomyopathy after rituximab treatment for membranous nephropathy. The patient experienced reduced cardiac functions within 48 hours after the initial infusion, which remained markedly reduced at 9-month follow-up. As the utility of rituximab expands, physicians must be aware of this serious cardiovascular adverse effect.
Cellular responses to photoreceptor death in the rd1 mouse model of retinal degeneration.

PURPOSE Retinal degeneration is a disease that typically involves the loss of photoreceptors. Murine models have been established for such degenerations, and a variety of methods have been used to follow the progression of the disease. In the present study in situ hybridization was used to analyze gene expression responses in the different retinal cell types during the period of cone death in the rd1 mouse model. METHODS A preliminary microarray analysis led to the selection of 169 candidate genes that might change in level of expression during degeneration. Probes corresponding to these genes were used for in situ hybridization on tissue during the period of cone death. Expression values were assigned to the intensities of in situ hybridization signals and were compared between mutant and wild-type tissue. RESULTS During the peak of cone death, the in situ hybridization signals were typically higher in the mutant. This signal change was often true of genes with a wild-type pattern of expression in ganglion cells, bipolar cells, and/or Müller glia. In such cases, the upregulation was highest in bipolar cells and/or Müller glia. CONCLUSIONS All retinal cell types responded during the process of retinal degeneration, as revealed by changes in gene expression. Genes that showed changes in the in situ hybridization signals during the period of cone death were typically higher in the mutant, with many of them expressed in both the ganglion cell layer and the inner nuclear layer.
Matemal Regulation of Children's Problem-solving Behavior and Its Impact on Children's Performance

This study focused on a social interaction theory of the development of cognitive self-regulation. Specifically, the e£fect of mother-child interaction on the child's ability to problem solve was investigated. The general predictions were (1) children who interacted with their mothers throughout a problem-solving task would subsequendy exhibit improved independent performance over practice-control children, who received corrective feedback from a female experimenter at the end of the task; (2) mothers would be more responsible for task activities, would more ofl:en regulate their child's task behaviors, and offer more specific verbal content when task demands on child competence increased than when they decreased. 60 3-and 5-year-olds either worked with their mothers or practiced alone and were given corrective feedback on a sorting task in which miniature pieces of fiimiture were placed in a doll house. As predicted, children who interacted witfi their mothers subsequently created more correct, adult-like groupings independently than children who received corrective feedback. Mothers displayed more task responsibility and regulation with younger children and when task demands on children of both age groups increased. Matemal verbal content became less specific when task demands decreased. Child performance was related t» (1) variation in matemal regulation of the child; and (2) degree of specificity of matemal verbal content. The development of cognitive self-reg-cognitive self-regulation, one must look to the ulation during learning and problem-solving social context in which young children's prob-activities is an important aspect of cognitive lem-solving activities are conductod (Vy-growth and change. A ma-sary for successful completion of a task, such jor impetus for this view is Vygotsky's (1962, as planning task activities, monitoring success 1978) theory of cognitive development This or failure of actions, staying aware of task theory proposes that cognitive self-regulation goals, and coordinadng strategies to reach develops through early social interactions be-those goals (Baker fie Brown, 1984; Brown, tween the young child and more competent 1978; Wertsch, 1977). Cognitive self-regula-individuals such as parents. During even sim-tion is considered one component of metacog-pie parent-child activities, the parent's social nidon, a concept referring to two separate interactions consist primarily of regulating the forms of cognition: (1) knowledge about one's child's behavioral responses, such as direct-own cognitive processes, and (2) regulation of ing the child's attention, maintaining goal di-those processes (Baker & Brown, 1984). Thus, rection, reminding the child where he or she cognitive self-reguladon refers to the latter is in the task, and/or evaluating the success or …
ATPG for heat dissipation minimization during test application

A new ATPG algorithm has been proposed that reduces average heat dissipation (between successive test vectors) during test application. The objective is to permit safe and inexpensive testing of low power circuits and bare dies that would otherwise require expensive heat removal equipment for testing at high speeds. Three new functions, namely transition controllability, observability and test generation costs, have been defined. It has been shown that the transition test generation cost is the minimum number of transitions required to test the corresponding stuck-at fault in fanout free circuits. This cost function is used for target fault selection while the other two functions are used to guide the backtrace and objective selection procedures of PODEM. The tests generated by the proposed ATPG decrease heat dissipation during test application by a factor of 2-23 for benchmark circuits.
Discharge dynamics of oculomotor neural integrator neurons during conjugate and disjunctive saccades and fixation.

Burst-tonic (BT) neurons in the prepositus hypoglossi and adjacent medial vestibular nuclei are important elements of the neural integrator for horizontal eye movements. While the metrics of their discharges have been studied during conjugate saccades (where the eyes rotate with similar dynamics), their role during disjunctive saccades (where the eyes rotate with markedly different dynamics to account for differences in depths between saccadic targets) remains completely unexplored. In this report, we provide the first detailed quantification of the discharge dynamics of BT neurons during conjugate saccades, disjunctive saccades, and disjunctive fixation. We show that these neurons carry both significant eye position and eye velocity-related signals during conjugate saccades as well as smaller, yet important, "slide" and eye acceleration terms. Further, we demonstrate that a majority of BT neurons, during disjunctive fixation and disjunctive saccades, preferentially encode the position and the velocity of a single eye; only few BT neurons equally encode the movements of both eyes (i.e., have conjugate sensitivities). We argue that BT neurons in the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi/medial vestibular nucleus play an important role in the generation of unequal eye movements during disjunctive saccades, and carry appropriate information to shape the saccadic discharges of the abducens nucleus neurons to which they project.
HbA1c Is Insensitive at Month 3 After Kidney Transplantation.

HbA1c Is Insensitive at Month 3 After Kidney Transplantation Philip A. Clayton, MD, PhD, Leyla Aouad, MD, Kate R. Wyburn, MD, PhD, Josette M. Eris, MD, PhD, and Steven James Chadban, BMed, PhD, FRACP We read with interest the “Limitations of Hemoglobin A1c for the diagnosis of posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM)” by Eide et al. The findings of this large, prospective cohort study of Norwegian kidney recipients screened for diabetes by both oral glucose tolerance test and hemoglobin A1c at week 10 after transplantation demonstrated the inadequacies of HbA1c at this timepoint, a finding that contrasts significantly with a previous study which reported excellent test performance. This issue is important given that PTDM is common and has significant prognostic and therapeutic implications. We compared HbA1c with OGTT for the diagnosis of PTDM at month 3 after kidney transplantation. We retrospectively identified 623 patients who received a kidney transplant at our institution between January 2005 and September 2013. We excluded those who at 3 months after transplantation had transferred interstate or overseas , died or lost their graft (n = 99), those who were receiving oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin for management of diabetes (n = 73), and multiorgan recipients (n = 9). Of the remaining 442 patients, 300 underwent a 3-month OGTT and 120 of these also had an HbA1c measurement between 2 weeks before and 6 weeks after the OGTT. The 120 patients were men (n = 68,57%), aged 44 +/− 16 years, white (n = 90, 75%), with BMI 24.5 +/− 5.3 kg/m, serum creatinine 133 +/− 42 μmol/L, hemoglobin concentration 116 +/− 17g/L and were receiving tacrolimus (n = 88, 74%, target trough concentration 8-12 ng/mL), cyclosporine (n = 20, 16%), or sirolimus or everolimus (n = 12, 10%), and all received a mycophenolate and oral prednisolone 10 mg taken in the morning. The OGTT classified 45 patients (36%) as normal glucose metabolism, 39 (33%) as impaired glucose tolerance and 35 (29%) as PTDM. Using OGTT as the gold standard, HbA1c performed poorly in the diagnosis of PTDMwith an area under
Stimulus background influences phase invariant coding by correlated neural activity

Previously we reported that correlations between the activities of peripheral afferents mediate a phase invariant representation of natural communication stimuli that is refined across successive processing stages thereby leading to perception and behavior in the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus (Metzen et al., 2016). Here, we explore how phase invariant coding and perception of natural communication stimuli are affected by changes in the sinusoidal background over which they occur. We found that increasing background frequency led to phase locking, which decreased both detectability and phase invariant coding. Correlated afferent activity was a much better predictor of behavior as assessed from both invariance and detectability than single neuron activity. Thus, our results provide not only further evidence that correlated activity likely determines perception of natural communication signals, but also a novel explanation as to why these preferentially occur on top of low frequency as well as low-intensity sinusoidal backgrounds. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.24482. 001
Deficits in prefrontal cortical and extrastriatal dopamine release in schizophrenia: a positron emission tomographic functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

IMPORTANCE Multiple lines of evidence suggest a deficit in dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in schizophrenia. Despite the prevalence of the concept of prefrontal cortical hypodopaminergia in schizophrenia, in vivo imaging of dopamine release in the PFC has not been possible until now, when the validity of using the positron emission tomographic D2/3 radiotracer carbon 11-labeled FLB457 in combination with the amphetamine paradigm was clearly established. OBJECTIVES To (1) test amphetamine-induced dopamine release in the dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) in drug-free or drug-naive patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and healthy control (HC) individuals matched for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and familial socioeconomic status;(2) test blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging activation during a working memory task in the same participants; and (3) examine the relationship between positron emission tomographic and functional magnetic resonance imaging outcome measures. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Positron emission tomographic imaging with carbon 11-labeled FLB457 before and following 0.5 mg/kg of amphetamine by mouth. Blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging during the self-ordered working memory task. Twenty patients with schizophrenia recruited from the inpatient and outpatient research facilities at New York State Psychiatric Institute and 21 healthy control individuals participated, and data were acquired between June 16, 2011, and February 25, 2014. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURE The percentage change in binding potential (∆BPND) in the DLPFC following amphetamine, BOLD activation during the self-ordered working memory task compared with the control task, and the correlation between these 2 outcome measures. RESULTS We observed significant differences in the effect of amphetamine on DLPFC BPND (mean [SD], ∆BPND in HC: -7.5% [11%]; SCZ: +1.8% [11%]; P = .01); a generalized blunting in dopamine release in SCZ involving most extrastriatal regions and the midbrain; and a significant association between ∆BPND and BOLD activation in the DLPFC in the overall sample including patients with SCZ and HC individuals. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE To our knowledge, these results provide the first in vivo evidence for a deficit in the capacity for dopamine release in the DLPFC in SCZ and suggest a more widespread deficit extending to many cortical and extrastriatal regions including the midbrain. This contrasts with the well-replicated excess in dopamine release in the associative striatum in SCZ and suggests a differential regulation of striatal dopamine release in associative striatum vs extrastriatal regions. Furthermore, dopamine release in the DLPFC relates to working memory-related activation of this region, suggesting that blunted release may affect frontal cortical function.
Achieving Minimum Latency in Multi-Hop MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Achieving low latency and high energy efficiency are critical requirements in many of sensor network applications. Combining the duty cycling mechanism and multi-hop transmission is one of the solutions to this problem. Multi-hop protocols such as demand wakeup MAC (DW-MAC) schedule data transmissions during the sleep period. In so doing, a data packet can traverse multiple hops within a single operational cycle. By introducing a scheduling parameter, called proportional mapping function, DW-MAC can provide better performance in terms of both latency and energy efficiency, while avoiding data collision. In this paper, we derive the minimum value $R_{min}$ of the scheduling function by numerically analyzing the delivery latency. Using that value, a DW-MAC-like protocol not only guarantees no collisions at the intended receivers but also achieves the minimum latency in the multi- hop scenario. In addition, we also show the upper and lower bounds of the delay. We evaluated the accuracy of our findings by running ns-2 simulations in multiple scenarios.