Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What is the furthest graph from a hereditary property?

For a graph property P, the edit distance of a graph G from P, denoted EP(G), is the minimum number of edge modifications (additions or deletions) one needs to apply to G to turn it into a graph satisfying P. What is the furthest graph on n vertices from P and what is the largest possible edit distance from P? Denote this maximal distance by ed(n,P). This question is motivated by algorithmic edge‐modification problems, in which one wishes to find or approximate the value of EP(G) given an input graph G. A monotone graph property is closed under removal of edges and vertices. Trivially, for any monotone property, the largest edit distance is attained by a complete graph. We show that this is a simple instance of a much broader phenomenon. A hereditary graph property is closed under removal of vertices. We prove that for any hereditary graph property P, a random graph with an edge density that depends on P essentially achieves the maximal distance from P, that is: ed(n,P) = EP(G(n,p(P))) + o(n2) with high probability. The proofs combine several tools, including strengthened versions of the Szemerédi regularity lemma, properties of random graphs and probabilistic arguments. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 2008
Deceleration of Fusion–Fission Cycles Improves Mitochondrial Quality Control during Aging

Mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy play a key role in ensuring mitochondrial quality control. Impairment thereof was proposed to be causative to neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Accumulation of mitochondrial dysfunction was further linked to aging. Here we applied a probabilistic modeling approach integrating our current knowledge on mitochondrial biology allowing us to simulate mitochondrial function and quality control during aging in silico. We demonstrate that cycles of fusion and fission and mitophagy indeed are essential for ensuring a high average quality of mitochondria, even under conditions in which random molecular damage is present. Prompted by earlier observations that mitochondrial fission itself can cause a partial drop in mitochondrial membrane potential, we tested the consequences of mitochondrial dynamics being harmful on its own. Next to directly impairing mitochondrial function, pre-existing molecular damage may be propagated and enhanced across the mitochondrial population by content mixing. In this situation, such an infection-like phenomenon impairs mitochondrial quality control progressively. However, when imposing an age-dependent deceleration of cycles of fusion and fission, we observe a delay in the loss of average quality of mitochondria. This provides a rational why fusion and fission rates are reduced during aging and why loss of a mitochondrial fission factor can extend life span in fungi. We propose the ‘mitochondrial infectious damage adaptation’ (MIDA) model according to which a deceleration of fusion–fission cycles reflects a systemic adaptation increasing life span.
Informal Learning in the Workplace: A case study of new teachers

This paper focuses on the learning of new teachers in England where all such teachers have to complete a statutory induction year, with a particular emphasis on the part that may be played by non-formal or informal learning. Drawing on the work of Eraut, and Guile and Griffiths, it uses interview and survey data from work with new teachers to identify three aspects of work-place learning which, it is suggested, may not be best accommodated within current induction arrangements. Concluding that much of new teachers' professional learning is informal rather than formal, reactive rather than deliberative and collaborative rather than individual implications for the ongoing improvement of induction practice are considered.
Anticipatory processing plays a role in maintaining social anxiety

Abstract The cognitive model of social phobia by Clark and Wells (Social phobia: diagnosis, assessment and treatment) (1995) proposes that, while anticipating a social situation, individuals with social phobia engage in several biased cognitive processes which enhance anticipatory anxiety. Prior to giving a speech, high and low socially anxious individuals (N=40 per group) were instructed to either engage in anticipatory processing (think about what could go right or wrong in the impending situation, predict how they will appear to others and recall past similar situations) or perform a distraction task. Compared to high socially-anxious individuals whose anticipatory processing was inhibited, high socially-anxious participants engaging in anticipatory processing reported more anxiety feelings and predicted more negative overall appearance. High socially-anxious individuals also recalled more negative and less positive information about their public selves, but only when their anticipatory processing was inhibited rather than facilitated. For the low socially-anxious individuals there was no significant difference between the two anticipation conditions on measures of anxiety, self-perception, and memory for emotional information. The results are discussed in relation to the Clark and Wells model.
Male orgasmic disorder: a new look at an old problem

The past decades have seen remarkable progress in the diagnosis and treatment of male sexual dysfunctions. One vexing problem, which remains stubbornly not amenable to intervention, is what Diagnostic and Statistical Manual jargon currently refers to as Male Orgasmic Disorder (MOD). This article suggests an alternate understanding of the factors contributing to this condition and offers a practice-tested treatment protocol based on this perspective. Not included as a focus is orgasmic/ejaculatory disorder that results from illness, injury, substance abuse or medication side-effects. In contrast to existing pathology models, I suggest that MOD is the result of a conflict between two positive messages heard by most sexually active people, yet for these men, no resolution has been discovered. The following treatment protocol has been developed with an understanding that two values stances – self-control and release – are inherently positive and attempting to tamper with either of them may produce confusion and resistance. Instead, the therapist seeks to create a physical sensation, which could best be described as “controlled release”.
Relationship between Nature of Science Understandings and Argumentation Skills: A Role for Counterargument and Contextual Factors.

The study investigated the relationship of high school students' understandings about nature of science (NOS) aspects and their argumentation skills in relation to two controversial socioscientific issues. The study was conducted in five schools selected from different geographical areas in Beirut, Lebanon. Participants were 219 grade 11 students. Students in all the schools were administered a survey that consisted of two scenarios that addressed the controversial socioscientific issues about genetically modified food and water fluoridation. The two scenarios were followed by questions relating to argumentation and NOS. The study used a mixed methods approach where quantitative and qualitative measures were employed. Analysis involved participants' views of the target NOS aspects (subjective, tentative, and empirical) and their argumentation components (argument, counterargument, and rebuttal). The Pearson analyses showed strong correlations between the counterargument, compared to argument and rebuttal, and the three NOS aspects. Further, the chi-square analyses showed significant differences in participants' argumentation skills and NOS understandings between the two scenarios. Qualitative data from questionnaires and interviews further confirmed these findings. Two central implications for the teaching of NOS and argumentation skills were discussed in terms of highlighting the role of counterarguments and considering contextual factors that involve issue exposure and familiarity, prior content knowledge, and personal relevance. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 489–514, 2012
Insider–outsider positions in health-development research: reflections for practice

Recognising that the stance of investigators could make a major impact on the quality and/or interpretation of development-study findings, a small investigation to explore researcher positions and roles was implemented. This was a subsidiary component of a larger health-development study which aimed to explore the evidence base for psychosocial and mental-health policy formulation and implementation in two conflict-affected, low-resourced countries. Five of the research team were interviewed by a sixth member in an open, semi-structured interview format, and the data were analysed thematically. The primary learning for the team, with wider implications for others in development research and practice, is that if the aim is to produce credible findings from investigations of this nature, it is important to exhibit a high degree of transparency regarding the role and position of each researcher, and an explicit attempt to be reflexive in relation to the associated challenges.
Do You have to Pay Attention to Your Feelings to be Influenced by Them?

Two experiments investigated how individual differences in attention to emotion influence the role of affect in judgments of risk. In Experiment 1, mood influenced the judgments of individuals high, but not low, in attention to emotion. When an attribution manipulation made a cause of their feelings salient, individuals high in emotional attention no longer perceived their feelings as relevant and were not influenced by them; whereas those low in emotional attention now paid attention to them and were influenced by them. This manipulation had these effects when it was presented prior to, but not in the middle of, a series of judgments. In Experiment 2, differences in response to the attribution manipulation disappeared when participants' perceptions of the relevance of their feelings were governed by instructions to use either feelings or facts as a basis for judgment. The results suggest that feelings influence judgment when they seem relevant.
Information for social and economic participation: A review of related research on the information needs and acquisition of rural Chinese

This paper provides an analytical overview of related literature published during the past decade on rural population's information needs and acquisition in China, with a view to informing the world research community and policy makers of what has been found about the information needs of the world's largest rural population and to promoting dialogue between interested researchers within and outside China. Results from related studies are summarized; major methodological features of these studies are noted; practical and theoretical implications of major findings are critically analyzed. Although the results from related studies are not directly comparable due to their differences in research methods and contexts, it is nevertheless possible to draw some common conclusions regarding the rural population's information needs and information source preferences. Related research has overwhelmingly showed that rural residents have an extensive range of information needs, with agricultural technological information, market information, income generation information and policy information being the most needed; and that they rely very much on interpersonal relationships for acquiring both general information and information for agriculture production. The primary objectives of most studies are pragmatic rather than theoretical.
STUDY OF THE OCCURRENCE OF RAIN IN THE TUNIS AREA IN A MONO-FRACTAL FRAMEWORK

﻿Less study concern the scale variability of the rainfall field in North Africa (Mediterranean climate), where the climate differ significantly from the Sahelian Africa (monsoon climate). This paper undertakes a study of the occurrence of rain in the region of Tunis in a mono-fractal framework. The box-counting method is applied to four series of observations of a continuous period of two and a half years, based on a minimum resolution of 5 min and belonging to the semi-arid bioclimatic stage. These series are characterized by strong intermittency. Using the sensor detection threshold, two self-similar structures were detected: micro-scale (5min- 2 days) with fractal dimension 0.44 and a synoptic-scale (one week - eight months) with fractal dimension of 0.9. This last value is probably overestimated by the presence of the saturation of the available space by rain (fractal dimension equal to one) for period longer than eight month. Due to the length of the dry period observed, the length of this saturation period differs from other studies performed in other area. Between the two self-similar structures a transitional regime corresponding to a meso-scale (2 days- one week) could be distinguished. The increase of the threshold would allow to 'filter' the frontal structure so as to keep only the convective structures, a sub micro-scale structure (5mn - 1h 20) has been detected with 0.3 mm/5mn intensity threshold. These results may reflect the influence of two distinctive types of convective showers and original front controlling these series.
Traveling Wave Solutions in a Reaction-Diffusion Model for Criminal Activity

We study a reaction-diffusion system of partial differential equations, which can be taken to be a basic model for criminal activity, first introduced in [Berestycki and Nadal, J. Appl. Math., 21 (2010), pp. 371--399]. We show that the assumption of a population's natural tendency towards crime significantly changes the long-time behavior of criminal activity patterns. Under the right assumptions on these natural tendencies we first show that there exists traveling wave solutions connecting zones with no criminal activity and zones with high criminal activity, known as hotspots. This corresponds to an invasion of criminal activity onto all space. Second, we study the problem of preventing such invasions by employing a finite number of resources that reduce the payoff for committing a crime in a finite region. We make the concept of wave propagation mathematically rigorous in this situation by proving the existence of entire solutions that approach traveling waves as time approaches negative infinity. Furt.
The association between caregiver burden and sleep disturbances in partners of patients with Parkinson's disease.

OBJECTIVES Caregivers of patients with various diseases frequently report sleep disturbances and depressive symptoms. Care intensity for individuals with Parkinson's disease is mainly influenced by the severity of their motor impairment. The latter is associated with sleep fragmentation, nocturnal pain and cramps. These disease-specific characteristics contribute to sleep-related problems in patients. However, little is known about prevalence and causes of sleep disturbances in caregivers of Parkinson's disease patients. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional analysis, nested within the FAQT-Study, a prospective German cohort study evaluating determinants of quality of life in Parkinson's disease patients. PARTICIPANTS We assessed 106 Parkinson's disease patients and their caregiving partners. MEASUREMENTS Patients and partners were asked to fill in the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the caregiver burden inventory, and the Giessener Beschwerdebogen of psychosomatic complaints. All instruments include questions about sleep related problems. Patients were examined by neurologists and classified according to established scales (UPDRS and Hoehn and Yahr scales). RESULTS Frequent sleep disturbances were reported by 27% of all spouses. Relevant depressive symptoms were shown in 30% of spouses and 45% of Parkinson's disease patients (P<0.001). Depression scores in partners correlated with those in patients. Self-perceived bad night-time sleep in spouses was related to symptom severity, male gender, bad sleep in patients, and to the frequency of caregiving. Caregiver burden was identified as a mediator of the association between care intensity and bad sleep, while psychosomatic complaints were related to sleep problems independently. CONCLUSION Sleep disturbances are prevalent in partners of Parkinson's disease patients and influenced by their engagement in the caregiving process. Treatment optimization for motor symptoms in patients may not only contribute to improved patient sleep but also to a lower prevalence of sleep disturbances in caregivers.
Youth Employment, Differential Association, and Juvenile Delinquency

Abstract Attempts by criminologists to examine the causes of delinquency have traditionally focused on two institutions: the family and the school. Despite the fact that adolescent work is becoming an increasingly important part of adolescent life, relatively few studies have attempted to examine the potential effect of labor market participation on delinquent behavior. It has been commonly thought that employment provides adolescents with a number of personal benefits that can assist them in making a relatively seamless transition into adulthood. However, the limited research in this area is not so clear. Some researchers have found that work helps to insulate adolescents from delinquency, while others find that employment actually increases an adolescent's chances of becoming involved in delinquent behavior. This study seeks to examine the work-delinquency relationship by reporting the results of a self-report delinquency survey. Our analysis found that working during the school year has a positive effect on delinquency, while working during the summer does not. However, the strongest predictor of delinquency was not working, conventional commitments, or attachments, but rather delinquent peers at school.
Teachers' Estimates of Test Content Covered in Class and First-Grade Students' Reading Achievement

This study investigated the relation between first-grade Chapter 1 students' test content coverage and performance on a standardized reading-achievement test. A survey designed to obtain teachers' estimates of test content coverage was administered to 14 regular classroom and 5 Chapter 1 reading teachers. Although Chapter 1 students' overall performance was lower than that of students in the National Reference Group on items rated as receiving high coverage by all teachers, Chapter 1 students' performance was relatively higher on high-coverage items than on those items rated as receiving low coverage by both groups of teachers. The study provides a strategy for obtaining teachers' estimates of test content coverage and an instructional context in which to assess students' opportunity to learn and their achievement-test performance. Results provide information useful for improving instruction.
Perceptions of Community Life and Services: a Comparison between Leaders and Community Residents

This study compares the perceptions of community leaders and the general public regarding the importance of 22 proposed community work projects as well as their perceptions of the importance of, and satisfaction with, various dimensions of community life. The two groups were found to differ considerably on specific community work projects but were found to agree on the importance of and satisfaction with seven dimensions of community. Therefore, the question of congruence of perceptions between leaders and residents must be addressed from a specific level of reference. On a general level, leaders and residents were consistent in their perceptions of community life; however, on a specific task or project level, their views differed considerably. Also, the study found that an importance-satisfaction analysis is a viable mechanism for prioritizing community issues that cannot be accomplished by viewing importance or satisfaction ratings independently.
Mediatization in context: Consensus culture, media and decision making in the 21st century, the case of Finland

Abstract This article makes an empirically based contribution to the general debate on the mediatization of politics by looking at the Finnish policy networks as a particular context in which the general processes of mediatization are recognized and where the influences of mediatization are negotiated. Drawing on a qualitative interview sample of 60 elite decision-makers and an elite survey (N = 419), three themes related to mediatization are highlighted: the role of trust in policy networks, the dynamics of the mutual professionalization of media and politics, and the differentiation of network rationality and media rationality. These findings are at the same time evidence of a general process of mediatization and of how local conditions shape that process.
Prevalence and correlates of community re-entry challenges faced by HIV-infected male prisoners in Malaysia

HIV-infected prisoners face an inordinate number of community re-entry challenges. In 2007, 102 HIV-infected prisoners in Malaysia were surveyed anonymously within six months prior to release to assess the prevalence and correlates of community re-entry challenges. Staying out of prison (60.8%), remaining off drugs (39.2%), finding employment (35.3%) and obtaining HIV care (32.4%) were the re-entry challenges reported most frequently. Global stigma, negative self-image and public attitudes-related stigma were independently associated with challenges to obtaining HIV care. In multivariate analyses, those with previous incarcerations (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4–7.6), higher HIV-related symptoms (AOR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.0–4.1) and higher public attitudes-related stigma (AOR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2–5.1) had a significantly higher likelihood of identifying more re-entry challenges. Targeted interventions, such as effective drug treatment, HIV care and public awareness campaigns, are crucial for stemming the HIV epidemic and improving health outcomes among HIV-infected prisoners in Malaysia.
Critical incidents and important information in the care processes of patients with cardiac symptoms.

AIM To describe important information in the care processes of patients with cardiac symptoms. BACKGROUND Process-based work-flow models are increasingly being used in healthcare. At the same time, developments in information systems offer the possibility of supporting improvements in process and information management in healthcare. To better utilize these possibilities we need to understand more about important information content and flow during treatment processes. METHOD A qualitative approach involving the critical incident technique was used. Critical incidents were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire (50 respondents) and interviews (n=10). RESULTS Three incident categories of important information were identified: (1) process-related incidents, (2) managerial incidents and (3) clinical incidents. Process-related incidents focused on agreed-care practices and the importance of the care environment. Managerial incidents focused on human and material resources. Clinical incidents focused on medical and nursing care and the importance of patient education. CONCLUSIONS Information content, information flow and the timing of such information should be modelled further in order to improve the management of care processes. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Increasing knowledge about essential points of information as part of nursing management is important.