Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Safety Bias: Risk-Avoidance and Social Anxiety Pathology

Abstract Background: The pervasive tendency to avoid perceived risks has been recently implicated in the maintenance of anxiety pathology, and more specifically, social phobia. Social anxiety symptoms are thus hypothesised to be associated with a global risk-avoidant decision-making bias. Aim: This study investigated: (1) the relationship between risk-avoidance and social anxiety symptoms using both self-report and behavioural measures of risk-taking; and (2) whether risk-avoidance mediates the relationship between a dispositional vulnerability to anxiety (Behavioural Inhibition System [BIS] sensitivity) and social anxiety symptoms. Method: Fifty-five undergraduate students completed self-report measures assessing for social anxiety symptoms, risk-taking across various domains, and BIS sensitivity. Risk-avoidance was also assessed using a behavioural computer task. Results: As hypothesised, risk-avoidance correlated significantly with both social anxiety and BIS. Multiple regression analyses revealed that risk-avoidance served as a partial mediator between BIS and social anxiety. Conclusion: These results confirm the hypothesised relationship between BIS, risk-avoidance, and social anxiety symptoms. Risk-avoidance is one possible mechanism by which personality characteristics may be linked to anxiety pathology.
Diagnostic patterns of regional atrophy on MRI and regional cerebral blood flow change on SPECT in young onset patients with Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia and vascular dementia

Objectives– Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are the three most common causes of young onset dementias. Most neuroimaging studies of these disorders have involved comparisons with normal controls. The aims of this study were to examine the clinical diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) (in combination and in isolation) in the differentiation of one form of dementia from another from amongst a␣group of AD, FTD and VaD. Methods– T1 weighted MRI images and 99mTc‐HMPAO SPECT images were obtained from consecutive patients with FTD (n=21), AD (n=23) and VaD (n=20) and rated visually by experienced neuroradiologists and nuclear medicine physicians. Results– Asymmetrical atrophy was seen only in FTD. Frontotemporal dementia patients were the most atrophic whereas severe atrophy was rarely observed in VaD. Severe frontal atrophy (unilaterally or bilaterally) and/or asymmetrical atrophy on MRI is highly diagnostic (sensitivity 0.71, specificity 0.93, LR 10.24) of FTD from within a group of FTD and non‐FTD (AD, VaD) patients. Mild or severe parietal atrophy with severe reduction in parietal regional cerebral blood flow on SPECT is diagnostic (sensitivity 0.71, specificity 0.76, LR 3.02) of AD from within a group of AD and non‐AD (VaD, FTD) patients. Conclusion– Anatomical (MRI) and functional (SPECT) imaging provide different information and a combination of these modalities improves diagnostic specificity.
The Efficacy of Written Emotional Expression in the Reduction of Psychological Distress in Police Officers

This study examined the impact that writing about personal emotions had on distress levels in police officers. A total of 67 police officers randomly assigned to either a writing intervention or a non-writing control group completed the study. Over a period of 4 work days the intervention group members wrote for 15 minutes a day about their strong emotions related to work or not, and what they planned to do about the emotions. All participants completed measures of stress, anxiety, and depression before and after the intervention. The results showed that the writing group experienced significantly lower levels of stress and anxiety post-intervention than the control group. The results suggest that writing about emotions can help reduce distress in police officers.
Supporting islands of coherency for highly-parallel embedded architectures using compile-time virtualisation

As their complexity grows, the architectures of embedded systems are becoming increasingly parallel. However, the frameworks used to assist development on highly-parallel general-purpose systems (such as CORBA or MPI) are too heavyweight for use on the non-standard architectures of embedded systems. They introduce significant overheads due to the lack of architectural and structural information contained within most programming languages. Specifically, thread migration across irregular architectures can lead to very poor memory access times, and unconstrained cache coherency cannot scale to cope with large systems. This paper introduces an approach to solving these problems in a scalable way with minimal run-time overhead by using the concept of 'Islands of Coherency'. Cooperating threads are grouped into clusters along with the data that they use. These clusters can then be efficiently mapped to the target architecture, utilising migration only in the areas where the programmer explicitly declares it. This is supported through the use of an existing technique called Compile-Time Virtualisation (CTV). CTV does not support run-time dynamism, so it is extended to allow the implementation of Islands of Coherency. The presented system is evaluated experimentally through implementation on an FPGA platform. Simulation-based results are also presented that show the potential that this approach has for increasing the performance of future embedded systems.
Youth Justice in Practice: Making a Difference

This book is impressive on many fronts. It is packed with detail, covers a huge amount of research, theory and current debates in youth justice and, because of the author’s direct and down-to-earth style, it also makes for an absorbing read. He manages to inform, to explore contemporary ethical and political arguments, and to demonstrate throughout his own passionate belief in the potential ability of ‘robust’ practitioners (p. 14) to make a difference even in a potentially hostile organisational climate. It’s a good general reference book which leaves you wanting, and keen to go and find out more. The importance of ethical, research-informed practice is a theme that the author returns to throughout the book and this is the book’s unique contribution to discourse about the development of professional practice in youth justice. The author’s position is clear from the opening paragraph of Chapter One: he assumes that professional practice should be directed by some universally-acknowledged principles and standards but recognises that in practice this is not necessarily the case. His response is to provide readers, many of whom will be prospective practitioners, with the broad knowledge and theory base that underpins current practice as well as encouraging and challenging them to develop and maintain a ‘critical disposition’ (p. 76) and adherence to core values and principles. From the outset the book lets the reader know that it is going to be both informative and challenging. The introductory chapter on youth justice in the UK and Europe covers fundamental debates about welfare versus justice, for example, whilst, at the same time, providing the reader with detail about the international context, for example detail about the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. This first chapter tells you that the author has a helpful and positive focus on integrating different knowledge and value bases and the chapter concludes with this statement: ‘social education action aspires to change society by influencing the personal in society’ (p. 19). In a sense that is what this volume sets out to do and largely succeeds in doing for practice in youth justice. After a second chapter looking at some of the key theories and research on young people and crime, the book covers essential ground for anyone interested in practice and youth justice. There are chapters on effective practice, assessing risks and needs, early intervention and restorative practice among others. Throughout, he maintains the ability to be balanced, realistic and pragmatic and to encourage others to take a similarly thoughtful and balanced rather than polemical position. Whyte recognises the
Amphetamine Fails to Alter Cued Recollection of Emotional Images: Study of Encoding, Retrieval, and State-Dependency

Stimulant drugs facilitate both encoding and retrieval of salient information in laboratory animals, but less is known about their effects on memory for emotionally salient visual images in humans. The current study investigated dextroamphetamine (AMP) effects on memory for emotional pictures in healthy humans, by administering the drug only at encoding, only at retrieval, or at both encoding and retrieval. During the encoding session, all participants viewed standardized positive, neutral, and negative pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). 48 hours later they attended a retrieval session testing their cued recollection of these stimuli. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions (N = 20 each): condition AP (20 mg AMP at encoding and placebo (PL) at retrieval); condition PA (PL at encoding and AMP at retrieval); condition AA (AMP at encoding and retrieval); or condition PP (PL at encoding and retrieval). Amphetamine produced its expected effects on physiological and subjective measures, and negative pictures were recollected more frequently than neutral pictures. However, contrary to hypotheses, AMP did not affect recollection for positive, negative, or neutral stimuli, whether it was administered at encoding, retrieval, or at both encoding and retrieval. Moreover, recollection accuracy was not state-dependent. Considered in light of other recent drug studies in humans, this study highlights the sensitivity of drug effects to memory testing conditions and suggests future strategies for translating preclinical findings to human behavioral laboratories.
The Complex Interplay between ERK1/2, TGFβ/Smad, and Jagged/Notch Signaling Pathways in the Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells is a major pathologic change in the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), which leads to severe visual impairment. ERK1/2 pathway has been reported to play a key role in the carcinogenesis, cancer metastasis, and multiple fibrotic diseases. We hypothesized that ERK1/2 signaling could cross-interact with transforming growth factor β2 (TGFβ2)/Smad and Notch signaling pathways in the regulation of EMT in RPE cells. Here, we demonstrated that ERK1/2 signaling was activated in TGFβ2-induced EMT in human RPE cells, while blockade of the canonical TGFβ2/Smad2/3 signaling with SB431542 could not inhibit TGFβ2-induced the activation of ERK1/2. Meanwhile, blockade of ERK1/2 signaling with a specific MEK/ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 strongly prevented TGFβ2-induced the downregulation of P-cadherin, and the upregulation of α-SMA, collagen type IV, N-cadherin and fibronectin in RPE cells. In addition, we also identified that blockade of ERK1/2 signaling could inhibit not only the canonical TGFβ/Smad signaling, but also the Jagged/Notch pathway. Finally, we found that blockade of Notch pathway with a specific inhibitor DAPT could inhibit TGFβ2-induced the activation of ERK1/2 pathway conversely. Therefore, our study provides evidence that ERK1/2 signaling can cross-interact with the canonical TGFβ/Smad and the Jagged/Notch signaling pathways in RPE cells EMT. ERK1/2 inhibitor may have therapeutic value in the prevention and treatment of PVR and other fibrotic diseases.
Endovascular Treatment for Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms in Elderly Patients: Single-Center Report

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The optimal management of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms remains controversial in elderly populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate technical results and clinical outcomes in a single center of consecutive elderly patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with endovascular embolization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between May 2003 and February 2010, 96 patients older than 70 years (men, 16 patients; women, 80 patients; mean age, 73 years) with 122 saccular unruptured intracranial aneurysms were treated in our hospital with an endovascular approach. The endovascular procedures and technique, angiographic follow-up, and complications were evaluated. RESULTS: Successful embolizations without complications were completed in 95.9%. Five patients had procedure-related events, including thromboembolism in 1 patient, aneurysm perforation during the procedure in 1, and 3 postoperative transient minor symptoms (headache, otalgia, and trigeminal pain) in 3. The degree of occlusion of the treated aneurysm was complete in 46.7%; there was a small neck remnant in 40.9% and residual filling in 12.2%. Imaging (MR angiography) follow-up was performed in 68.7% of the patients. The mean follow-up duration was 19.4 months (range, 5–57 months). Fifty-five patients (93.9%) showed no interval change of the residual neck. Four (6%) demonstrated recanalizations, all of which were successfully recoiled. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms in patients older than 70 years of age appears to be safe. Favorable outcomes with low morbidities may replace surgery or conservative treatment as an active management alternative.
Processing Food Advertisements: Initial Biological Responses Matter

Food is a primary biological motivator and elicits automatic approach and consumption responses. How directly food is portrayed may alter these responses and, as a result, influence how food ads, brands and products are evaluated. This paper presents two experiments that examine how the portrayal of food in food advertisements can alter its motivational appeal, and as such, alter dynamic appetitive responses and later evaluations. The ads in this study differed in how they were produced. Some ads initially portrayed food as very appetizing and ready-to-eat while others initially portrayed foods in their packaging and not ready-to-eat. In general, results support that unpackaged food is more directly appetitive, showing better physiological appetitive responses and better attitudinal evaluations overall.
An O (n log n) algorithm for maximum st-flow in a directed planar graph

We give the first correct <i>O</i>(<i>n</i> log <i>n</i>) algorithm for finding a maximum <i>st</i>-flow in a directed planar graph. After a preprocessing step that consists in finding single-source shortest-path distances in the dual, the algorithm consists of repeatedly saturating the leftmost residual <i>s</i>-to-<i>t</i> path.
Perceived Satisfaction With Social Support and Depressive Symptoms in Perinatal Latinas

Purpose: This study examined the relationship between satisfaction with social support and postpartum depressive symptoms in Latinas. Design: A secondary data analysis of 62 women at “high risk” or “low risk” for postpartum depression (PPD) was conducted during pregnancy and at 1 month postpartum. Results: High-risk Latinas were less satisfied with perceived perinatal support from the baby’s father and postnatal support from family and “others. ” Dissatisfaction with postpartum support from the baby’s father was associated with higher depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Dissatisfaction with certain sources of support is related to high risk for PPD. Practice: Health care providers should assess levels and sources of social support as part of their PPD screening.
Severe Acute Bovine Viral Diarrhea in Ontario, 1993–1995

In 1993, noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) strains with enhanced virulence caused unprecedented outbreaks of severe acute bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) in dairy, beef, and veal herds in Ontario (Canada). Fever, pneumonia, diarrhea, and sudden death occurred in all age groups of cattle. Abortions often occurred in pregnant animals. Gross lesions in the alimentary tract were similar to those associated with mucosal disease, especially in animals >6 months of age. Cattle of all age groups had microscopic lesions in the alimentary tract similar to those seen with mucosal disease. The epidemic peaked in the summer of 1993, with 15% of all bovine accessions from diseased cattle presented to the diagnostic laboratory being associated with BVDV. The virus strains involved in the outbreak were analyzed using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies and the polymerase chain reaction. The virus isolates from these outbreaks of severe disease were determined to be type 2 BVDV. Type 2 BVDV has been present in Ontario at least since 1981 without causing widespread outbreaks of severe acute BVD, which suggests that type 2 designation in itself does not imply enhanced virulence. Cattle properly vaccinated with type 1 BVDV vaccines appear to be protected from clinical disease.
Voluntary and Involuntary Psychiatric Admissions in China.

OBJECTIVE This study examined admission patterns, including voluntary, involuntary, and partly voluntary admissions to Chinese psychiatric hospitals, in relation to sociodemographic and clinical factors, before a new mental health law was implemented in 2013. METHODS Previously admitted patients were interviewed within one week after discharge from 16 psychiatric hospitals across China. Patients' basic sociodemographic and clinical data, including results from the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) and the Insight and Treatment Attitudes Questionnaire (ITAQ), were collected. RESULTS Among 797 patients, 224 (28%) had voluntary admissions, 336 (42%) had involuntary admissions, and 237 (30%) had partly voluntary admissions. Male gender, history of hospitalization, diagnosis of schizophrenia and related disorders, and high MOAS score were the risk factors for involuntary admissions, whereas more years of education, higher ITAQ score, and outpatient treatment before the index admission were its protective factors. A diagnosis of schizophrenia-related disorder and high MOAS score were the risk factors for partly voluntary admission, whereas more education and high ITAQ score were its protective factors. CONCLUSIONS Perception of dangerousness and poor insight about mental illness were significant factors in involuntary psychiatric admissions in China. Factors contributing to the changes in patterns of psychiatric admissions after China's implementation of the mental health law are important topics for further research.
Family History of Colorectal Cancer in BRAF p.V600E-Mutated Colorectal Cancer Cases

Background: Previous reports suggest that relatives of colorectal cancer (CRC)-affected probands carrying the BRAF p.V600E mutation are at an increased risk of CRC and extracolonic cancers (ECC). In this study, we estimated the association between a family history of either CRC or ECC and risk of CRC with a BRAF p.V600E mutation. Methods: Population-based CRC cases (probands, ages 18–59 years at diagnosis), recruited irrespective of family cancer history, were characterized for BRAF p.V600E mutation and mismatch repair (MMR) status. ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression. Results: The 690 eligible probands showed a mean age at CRC diagnosis of 46.9 ± 7.8 years, with 313 (47.9%) reporting a family history of CRC and 53 (7.7%) that were BRAF-mutated. Probands with BRAF-mutated, MMR-proficient CRCs were less likely to have a family history of CRC than probands that were BRAF wild-type (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.24–0.91; P = 0.03). For probands with a BRAF-mutated CRC, the mean age at diagnosis was greater for those with a CRC-affected first- or second-degree relative (49.3 ± 6.4 years) compared with those without a family history (43.8 ± 10.2 years; P = 0.04). The older the age at diagnosis of CRC with the BRAF p.V600E mutation, the more likely these probands were to show a family history of CRC (OR, 1.09 per year of age; 95% CI, 1.00–1.18; P = 0.04). Conclusions: Probands with early-onset, BRAF-mutated, and MMR-proficient CRC were less likely to have a family history of CRC than probands that were BRAF-wild-type. Impact: These findings provide useful insights for cancer risk assessment in families and suggest that familial or inherited factors are more important in early-onset, BRAF-wild-type CRC. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(5); 917–26. ©2013 AACR.
Satellite and Aircraft Observations of the Eyewall Replacement Cycle in Typhoon Sinlaku (2008)

AbstractSatellite and aircraft observations of the concurrent evolution of cloud-top brightness temperatures (BTs) and the surface and flight-level wind fields were examined before and during an eyewall replacement cycle (ERC) in Typhoon Sinlaku (2008) as part of The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Pacific Asian Regional Campaign (T-PARC) and the Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008 (TCS08) field campaign. The structural evolution of deep convection through the life cycle of the ERC was clearly evident in the radial variation of positive water vapor (WV) minus infrared (IR) brightness temperature differences over the 96-h period. Within this framework, the ERC was divided into six broadly defined stages, wherein convective processes (including eyewall development and decay) were analyzed and then validated using microwave data. Dual maxima in aircraft wind speeds and geostationary satellite BTs along flight transects through Sinlaku were used to document the temporal evolution.
[Augmentative locking compression plate (LCP) combined with bone graft for the treatment of aseptic femoral shaft nonunion after intramedullary nailing].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of augmentative locking compression plate combined with bone graft in treating aseptic femoral shaft nonunion after intramedullary nailing. METHODS Twenty-one cases with aseptic femoral shaft nonunion after intramedullary nailing from January 2007 to January 2013 were treated,including 18 males and 3 females with a mean age of 37.7 years (ranged from 23 to 64 years). The mean period of nonunion after surgery was 23.9 months (ranged from 9 to 62 months). According to Weber-Cech classification,10 of those 21 cases were hypertrophic nonunion,7 were atrophic, and 4 had oligotrophic fracture nonunion. All patients retained the original intramedullary nail, and applied with augmentation plating of 6 to 8 holes locking compression plate, unicortical fixation with 2 to 3 locking screws in the proximal or distal end, with simultaneous autologous iliac bone grafting. After treatment,all patients were allowed to partial weight-bearing until full weight-bearing according to the radiological results. All patients were followed up and were evaluated with clinical and imaging results. RESULTS All patients were followed up from 8 to 24 months, averaged (13.5±3.5) months,which showed clinical union at 4 to 8 months, averaged (6.0±1.0) months and radiological solid union at 7 to 12 months, averaged (9.1±1.5) months. No such complications as infection,hardware loosening or breaking were found. CONCLUSION Augmentative locking compression plate(LCP) combined with bone graft for aseptic femoral shaft nonunion after intramedullary nail has a satisfied clinical efficacy. It's an useful and simple method.