Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Priorities and preferences for the outcomes of treatment of psychosis: A service user perspective

Background: It is increasingly argued that mental health service users should be consulted to determine the outcomes of treatment they prioritise, and the elements of treatment they find most helpful. Qualitative research may allow for more complete explorations and expressions of service users’ own perceptions of this topic. Aim: To summarise current qualitative evidence about service users’ priorities and preferences for treatment of psychosis and overall outcomes. Methods: Narrative literature review methods were used to identify qualitative research to obtain service user personal priorities and preferences for valued outcomes in relation to treatment of psychosis. Results: A notable finding was that qualitative evidence about the priorities and preferences directly identified by service users was remarkably scarce. The most relevant articles found presented several central outcome priorities and treatment preferences. Priorities for treatment outcomes included improved social and functional ability and satisfaction, and reduced symptomatology. Treatment preferences included person‐centred, collaborative approaches to care and for adjuncts or alternatives to the traditional medical model of psychosis (e.g. psychological therapy or psychosocial interventions). Conclusions: The implications of these findings are considered for research and practice.
Zhijun Wu: Chinese Semantic Dependency Parsing with Third-Order Features

This paper presents our system participated on SemEval-2012 task: Chinese Semantic Dependency Parsing. Our system extends the second-order MST model by adding two third-order features. The two third-order features are grand-sibling and tri-sibling. In the decoding phase, we keep the k best results for each span. After using the selected third-order features, our system presently achieves LAS of 61.58% ignoring punctuation tokens which is 0.15% higher than the result of purely second-order model on the test dataset.
Effects of friendship and disliking on cooperation in a mixed-motive game1

The amount of friendship between two people seems likely to affect their degree of cooperative behavior in a joint task. Though this hypothesis has occasionally been suggested by psychologists (May and Doob, 1937, pp. 17-18; Solomon, 1960, p. 224), it has never been tested in a carefully controlled empirical study. Instead, many studies have attempted to eliminate any effects of friendship by using subjects (Ss) who were unacquainted. Scodel, Minas, Ratoosh, and Lipetz (1959, p. 118) suggest that one reason for the low levels of cooperation frequently obtained in mixedmotive game research is that strangers act in a guarded fashion toward each other. A previous experiment by the present authors (Oskamp and Perlman, 1965) found
Rejection Sensitivity Polarizes Striatal–Medial Prefrontal Activity When Anticipating Social Feedback

As a social species, humans are acutely aware of cues that signal inclusionary status. This study characterizes behavioral and neural responses when individuals anticipate social feedback. Across two fMRI studies, participants (n = 42) made social judgments about supposed peers and then received feedback from those individuals. Of particular interest was the neural activity occurring when participants were awaiting social feedback. During this anticipatory period, increased neural activity was observed in the ventral striatum, a central component of the brain's reward circuitry, and dorsomedial pFC, a brain region implicated in mentalizing about others. Individuals high in rejection sensitivity exhibited greater responses in both the ventral striatum and dorsomedial pFC when anticipating positive feedback. These findings provide initial insight into the neural mechanisms involved in anticipating social evaluations as well as the cognitive processes that underlie rejection sensitivity.
Comparison of official and operational consensus forecasts of daily extreme temperatures in 2006

Our purpose was to compare the performance in 2006 of Operational Consensus Forecasts (OCF; Woodcock and Engel 2005) of daily temperature extremes with the subsequently issued official forecasts, to diagnose their strengths and weaknesses, and thereby to suggest ways to improve either or both. The comparison is between the OCF maxima and minima guidance forecasts issued on day+0 for day+1 to day+6 inclusive for eight capital cities (Adelaide, Brisbane, Canberra, Darwin, Hobart, Melbourne, Perth Aust. Met. Mag. 57 (2008) 95-108
Initial Movement and Continuity in Vibrato among High School and University String Players

The purpose of the present study was to investigate aspects of vibrato performance among high school and university string players. The main questions were to determine whether students consistently initiate vibrato in an upward or downward direction and whether players vibrate continuously when performing slurs. Forty high school and university violin and cello students played exercises that included tones performed with and without vibrato. We measured direction and magnitude of change when initiating vibrato, pitch levels of vibrated and nonvibrated tones, and duration of nonvibrato when performing slurs. Results showed that these high school and university players did not reveal consistent initial vibrato movements in either direction or magnitude. Performers vibrated both above and below conceived pitch, rather than only upward or only downward. All performers stopped vibrating during the transition between slurred notes. Mean duration of nonvibrato portions of university students (0.42 second) was slightly less than that of high school students (0.50 second). Implications of these results for string pedagogy are discussed. March 28, 2005 June 7, 2005
Cinnamic Acid Bornyl Ester Derivatives from Valeriana wallichii Exhibit Antileishmanial In Vivo Activity in Leishmania major-Infected BALB/c Mice

Human leishmaniasis covers a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from self-healing cutaneous leishmaniasis to severe and lethal visceral leishmaniasis caused among other species by Leishmania major or Leishmania donovani, respectively. Some drug candidates are in clinical trials to substitute current therapies, which are facing emerging drug-resistance accompanied with serious side effects. Here, two cinnamic acid bornyl ester derivatives (1 and 2) were assessed for their antileishmanial activity. Good selectivity and antileishmanial activity of bornyl 3-phenylpropanoate (2) in vitro prompted the antileishmanial assessment in vivo. For this purpose, BALB/c mice were infected with Leishmania major promastigotes and treated with three doses of 50 mg/kg/day of compound 2. The treatment prevented the characteristic swelling at the site of infection and correlated with reduced parasite burden. Transmitted light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy of Leishmania major promastigotes revealed that compounds 1 and 2 induce mitochondrial swelling. Subsequent studies on Leishmania major promastigotes showed the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) as a putative mode of action. As the cinnamic acid bornyl ester derivatives 1 and 2 had exhibited antileishmanial activity in vitro, and compound 2 in Leishmania major-infected BALB/c mice in vivo, they can be regarded as possible lead structures for the development of new antileishmanial therapeutic approaches.
The contributions of self-efficacy and perceived organisational support when taking charge at work

Orientation: Taking charge as an extra role in the workplace is necessary for the survival of modern firms. Therefore, understanding the personal and organisational factors when one takes charge is critical for organisations. Research purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the contributions of self-efficacy and perceived organisational support when taking charge at work. Motivation for the study: Although many previous studies have examined the antecedents of taking charge in North American business environments, we know little about taking charge in the developing economies of Africa. Research about taking charge will provide valuable information for managers of businesses in developing countries in Africa. Research design, approach and method: This study used a cross-sectional survey design to examine the contributions of self-efficacy and perceived organisational support to taking charge at work amongst 201 bank workers in Nsukka, Southeast Nigeria. Main findings: Regression analysis results showed that self-efficacy had a significant relationship with taking charge at work. The results also showed a statistically significant relationship between perceived organisational support and taking charge at work. Practical/managerial implications: The implications of the results are that interventions that focus on improving self-efficacy will contribute to the behaviours of employees who take charge. In addition, organisations that develop strategies to make employees perceive the organisation as supportive will also have members that engage in more supervisory behaviours. Contribution/value-add: This study was one of the first attempts to investigate taking charge at work in a developing economy of Africa. The results of the study, that self-efficacy and perceived organisational support have relationships with taking charge at work, will contribute to a better understanding of the concept and to building robust theories.
Guideline-based survey of outpatient COPD management by pulmonary specialists in Germany

Background Little is known about the role of guidelines for the practical management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by office-based pulmonary specialists. The aim of this study was to assess their outpatient management in relation to current guideline recommendations for COPD. Methods A nationwide prospective cross-sectional COPD questionnaire survey in the form of a multiple-choice questionnaire was sent to 1000 office-based respiratory specialists in Germany. The product-neutral questions focused on routine COPD management and were based on current national and international COPD guideline recommendations being consistent in severity classification and treatment recommendations. Results A total of 590 pulmonary specialists (59%) participated in the survey. Body plethysmography was considered the standard for diagnosis (65.9%), followed by spirometry (32%). Most respondents were able to cite the correct spirometric criteria for classifying moderate (87%) to very severe COPD (77%). A quarter of the respondents equated the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of chronic bronchitis with COPD. Notably, most participants preferred the updated national COPD guidelines (51.4%) to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines (40.2%). Improvement of functional exercise capacity and quality of life were considered the two most relevant treatment goals; whereas impact on mortality was secondary. Treatment of COPD largely complied with the guidelines. However, a significant percentage of the pulmonary specialists differed in their assessment of the benefits of various therapeutic measures from evidence-based results. Referral for pulmonary rehabilitation was uncommon, regardless of the severity of COPD. Conclusion The findings of this large national survey suggest that most pulmonary specialists adhere to the current COPD guideline recommendations in daily practice. However, physicians’ knowledge of guidelines is not sufficient as the sole benchmark when assessing their implementation in day-to-day practice. Necessary changes in the health care system must include more effective ways to transfer knowledge to clinical practice and to give access to interventions of proven clinical benefit.
Molecular analysis of adults and egg masses reveals two independent lineages within the infaunal gastropod Naticarius onca (Röding, 1798) (Caenogastropoda: Naticidae)

We analysed sympatrically occurring specimens from Lizard Island, Queensland, Australia identified on shell characters as Naticarius onca (Röding, 1798) and found them molecularly separated into two distinct clades. Additionally, we obtained sequences from nine morphologically similar, randomly collected naticid egg masses (‘sand collars’) from Lizard Island and two other Queensland localities. Eight out of the nine egg masses unambiguously grouped with one of the two N. onca clades. The two clades show no common haplotypes, resulting in a sequence divergence of 11.1% in the COI gene fragment, and 4.0% in the 16S gene fragment, while the intraspecific variability within the two taxa was 1.0–2.4% and 0.2–0.4% for COI and 16S, respectively. The adult shells of members of the two clades from Lizard Island are morphologically indistinguishable, showing overlapping intraspecific shell variability in colour pattern, shape, and protoconch morphology. Thus, N. onca contains at least two independent lineages that probably represent distinct species. One of the egg masses from Lizard Island, which is morpho-logically similar to N. onca, proved to be assigned to the rare N. concinnus, the first documented evidence of this species from the Great Barrier Reef. Our results illustrate the usefulness of egg masses in barcoding approaches and taxonomic assignments.
Wives’ Part-time Employment and Marital Stability in Great Britain, West Germany and the United States

Many hail wives’ part-time employment as a work—family balance strategy, but theories offer competing predictions as to the effects of wives’ employment on relationship stability. We use panel data to test these competing hypotheses among recent cohorts of first-married couples in Great Britain, West Germany 1 and the United States. We find effects of wives’ employment on marital stability var y across the countries. In West Germany with its high-quality part-time employment, couples where the wife works part time are significantly more stable. In the more liberal British and US labour markets, neither wives’ part- nor full-time employment significantly alters divorce risk. In the United States, however, mothers working part time have significantly lower divorce risk. West German and British husbands’ unemployment proves more detrimental to marital stability than wives’ employment. These results highlight the impor tance of the socioeconomic context in structuring the optimal employment participation of both partners.
Intranucleolar sites of ribosome biogenesis defined by the localization of early binding ribosomal proteins

Considerable efforts are being undertaken to elucidate the processes of ribosome biogenesis. Although various preribosomal RNP complexes have been isolated and molecularly characterized, the order of ribosomal protein (r-protein) addition to the emerging ribosome subunits is largely unknown. Furthermore, the correlation between the ribosome assembly pathway and the structural organization of the dedicated ribosome factory, the nucleolus, is not well established. We have analyzed the nucleolar localization of several early binding r-proteins in human cells, applying various methods, including live-cell imaging and electron microscopy. We have located all examined r-proteins (S4, S6, S7, S9, S14, and L4) in the granular component (GC), which is the nucleolar region where later pre-ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing steps take place. These results imply that early binding r-proteins do not assemble with nascent pre-rRNA transcripts in the dense fibrillar component (DFC), as is generally believed, and provide a link between r-protein assembly and the emergence of distinct granules at the DFC–GC interface.
Acquiring writing revision and self-regulatory skill through observation and emulation.

The influences of modeling and social feedback on the acquisition of writing revision were studied with 72 college students. Students watching a coping female model gradually improving her writing technique on a sentence-combining task were hypothesized to surpass students observing a mastery model perform the technique flawlessly on a writing-skill measure and an array of self-regulatory measures, such as self-satisfaction reactions, self-efficacy perceptions, and intrinsic interest in the task. Students observing a mastery model were expected, in turn, to surpass those learning without the benefit of modeling on these same measures. Support for both hypotheses was found. Social feedback during enactive performance assisted learners from all modeling groups in acquiring writing and self-regulatory skills.
WOMEN IN THE STREET-LEVEL DRUG ECONOMY: CONTINUITY OR CHANGE?*

Images of women in the contemporary drug economy are highly mixed. Most scholars emphasize change in women's roles, some emphasize continuity, and others suggest that both change and continuity are evident. At issue is whether an increased share of women were involved in selling and higher-level distribution roles in the crack cocaine markets of the late 1980s and early 1990s, compared to the heroin markets of the 1960s and 1970s. We present the results of an ethnographic study of women drug users conducted during 1989–92 in a New York City neighborhood. Contrary to those who suggest that crack cocaine markets have provided “new opportunities” for women, we find that such opportunities were realized by men. At the same time, the conditions of street-level sex work, which has traditionally provided women drug users with a relatively stable source of income, have deteriorated.
Children's self-esteem and parental support

Longitudinal data are used to estimate the reciprocal relationship between parental support and self-esteem among children in the fifth through eighth grades. The results suggest that parents' supportive behavior-as measured by children's reports-affects the self-esteem of children but that self-esteem also affects how much support children report their parents give them. In addition, parents have a greater effect on the self-esteem of girls than of boys. Finally, mothers and fathers have similar effects for both
Effect of Every-Other Furrow Irrigation on Water Use Efficiency, Starch and Protein Contents of Potato

The every-other furrow irrigation is one of the mothods of deficit irrigation in furrow irrigation system. In this research, a randomized complete block design with three irrigation treatment and four replication on potato was stablished in Agricultural Research Center,Shahrekord, Iran. The irrigation treatments were: normal furrow irrigation(N), fixed every-other furrow irrigation(F) and alternative(variable) every-other furrow irrigation(V). The frequency of irrigation was constant and depth of it was calculated by measurement of soil moisture deficit and the volume of irrigation water was measured by a volumetric counter. The water and soil quality was normal (EC less than 1 ds/m). The different fertilizers were used. After harvesting, water use efficiency, starch and protein content were measaured for each plot. There was significant difference between water use efficiency under different treatments, so that, the F treatment had the most water use efficiency. The every-other furrow irrigation decreased the starch content significantly. The V treatment increased the starch content significantly related to F treatment. There was no significant difference between the protein contents in the three treatments.
Growth Factor Independence 1b (Gfi1b) Is Important for the Maturation of Erythroid Cells and the Regulation of Embryonic Globin Expression

Growth factor independence 1b (GFI1B) is a DNA binding repressor of transcription with vital functions in hematopoiesis. Gfi1b-null embryos die at midgestation very likely due to defects in erythro- and megakaryopoiesis. To analyze the full functionality of Gfi1b, we used conditionally deficient mice that harbor floxed Gfi1b alleles and inducible (Mx-Cre, Cre-ERT) or erythroid specific (EpoR-Cre) Cre expressing transgenes. In contrast to the germline knockout, EpoR-Cre mediated erythroid specific ablation of Gfi1b allows full gestation, but causes perinatal lethality with very few mice surviving to adulthood. Both the embryonic deletion of Gfi1b by EpoR-Cre and the deletion in adult mice by Mx-Cre or Cre-ERT leads to reduced numbers of erythroid precursors, perturbed and delayed erythroid maturation, anemia and extramedullary erythropoiesis. Global expression analyses showed that the Hba-x, Hbb-bh1 and Hbb-y embryonic globin genes were upregulated in Gfi1b deficient TER119+ fetal liver cells over the gestation period from day 12.5–17.5 p.c. and an increased level of Hbb-bh1 and Hbb-y embryonic globin gene expression was even maintained in adult Gfi1b deficient mice. While the expression of Bcl11a, a regulator of embryonic globin expression was not affected by Gfi1b deficiency, the expression of Gata1 was reduced and the expression of Sox6, also involved in globin switch, was almost entirely lost when Gfi1b was absent. These findings establish Gfi1b as a regulator of embryonic globin expression and embryonic and adult erythroid maturation.
Exploring trends in and determinants of educational inequalities in self-rated health

Aims: Educational inequalities in self-rated health (SRH) in European welfare countries are documented, but recent trends in these inequalities are less well understood. We examined educational inequalities in SRH in different age groups, and the contribution of selected material, behavioural and psychosocial determinants from 2000 to 2008. Methods: Data were derived from cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2000, 2004 and 2008 including 37,478, 34,876 and 32,982 respondents, respectively, aged 25–75 in mid-Sweden. Inequalities were analysed by age-standardized and age-stratified rate ratios of poor SRH and age-standardized prevalence of determinants, and contribution of determinants by age-adjusted logistic regression. Results: Relative educational inequalities in SRH increased among women from 2000 (rate ratio (RR) 1.70, 95% CI 1.55–1.85) to 2008 (RR 2.07, 95% CI 1.90–2.26), but were unchanged among men (RR 1.91–2.01). The increase among women was mainly due to growing inequalities in the age group 25–34 years. In 2008, significant age differences emerged with larger inequalities in the youngest compared with the oldest age group in both genders. All determinants were more prevalent in low educational groups; the most prominent were lack of a financial buffer, smoking and low optimism. Educational differences were unchanged over the years for most determinants. In all three surveys, examined determinants together explained a substantial part of the educational inequalities in SRH. Conclusions: Increased relative educational health inequalities among women, and persisting inequalities among men, were paralleled by unchanged, large differences in material/structural, behavioural and psychosocial factors. Interventions to reduce these inequalities need to focus on early mid-life.
Activation of Corticostriatal Circuitry Relieves Chronic Neuropathic Pain

Neural circuits that determine the perception and modulation of pain remain poorly understood. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) provides top-down control of sensory and affective processes. While animal and human imaging studies have shown that the PFC is involved in pain regulation, its exact role in pain states remains incompletely understood. A key output target for the PFC is the nucleus accumbens (NAc), an important component of the reward circuitry. Interestingly, recent human imaging studies suggest that the projection from the PFC to the NAc is altered in chronic pain. The function of this corticostriatal projection in pain states, however, is not known. Here we show that optogenetic activation of the PFC produces strong antinociceptive effects in a rat model (spared nerve injury model) of persistent neuropathic pain. PFC activation also reduces the affective symptoms of pain. Furthermore, we show that this pain-relieving function of the PFC is likely mediated by projections to the NAc. Thus, our results support a novel role for corticostriatal circuitry in pain regulation.