Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studying the Impact of Data Traffic on Voice Capacity in IEEE 802.11 WLANs

IEEE 802.11 is world widely established as the most popular protocol for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). Voice over IP (VoIP) applications are widely spread due to their relatively low cost. Applying VoIP traffic on IEEE 802.11 WLANs introduces significant delays in the wireless medium due to the small size of voice packets. In this paper, we develop an analytical model for the IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) considering voice and data stations transmitting simultaneously. Our new model calculates IEEE 802.11 DCF performance in terms of average delay, delay variation (jitter) and drop probability for voice packets. Metric values that constitute good voice quality are identified and based on these we develop a methodology for assessing the network's capacity in terms of good quality voice calls. The proposed analytical model is validated by comparing analytical results against simulation outcome. Finally, we study the impact of data transmissions on voice capacity and show that for every data session (a data station and a TCP-ACK station) added to a 802.11b WLAN, its voice capacity drops by 2 voice sessions (4 voice stations).
Death Heaping in Vital Statistics

Several authors have maintained that there tends to be a practice in statistical record keeping for an individual's age to be rounded off to the nearest digit ending in zero or five. This practice has been termed “age heaping. ” This is a well established tendency in census data. The present study attempts to expand the aforementioned premise of age heaping to the study of death or mortality records. Since it has been established that age heaping occurs, one might speculate that a similar occurrence may be present in mortality data. This study presents statistical data that support the idea of “death heaping” in state vital statistics. Specifically, the authors attempt to show the possibility for the death date to be assigned as the birth date when there may be no adequate record of the date of birth for an individual who dies.
Adding noise to the input of a model trained with a regularized objective

Regularization is a well studied problem in the context of neural networks. It is usually used to improve the generalization performance when the number of input samples is relatively small or heavily contaminated with noise. The regularization of a parametric model can be achieved in different manners some of which are early stopping (Morgan and Bourlard, 1990), weight decay, output smoothing that are used to avoid overfitting during the training of the considered model. From a Bayesian point of view, many regularization techniques correspond to imposing certain prior distributions on model parameters (Krogh and Hertz, 1991). Using Bishop's approximation (Bishop, 1995) of the objective function when a restricted type of noise is added to the input of a parametric function, we derive the higher order terms of the Taylor expansion and analyze the coefficients of the regularization terms induced by the noisy input. In particular we study the effect of penalizing the Hessian of the mapping function with respect to the input in terms of generalization performance. We also show how we can control independently this coefficient by explicitly penalizing the Jacobian of the mapping function on corrupted inputs.
Improvement of electrical tree resistance of LDPE by mixed addition of nanoparticles and phthalocyanine

Resistance to the electrical tree in the insulating material of mixed addition polymer nanocomposite was studied under ac high-voltage application. The polymer nanocomposite was made by the mixed addition of AI2O3 nanoparticle ('Al') and phthalocyanine compound ('Pc') into LDPE. Any coupling agent to avoid the clusters of 'Al' and 'Pc' was not used in the preparation of the test sample. The experimental results indicated that the tree initiation voltages (TIVs) for the 'Pc' and 'Al' mixed addition and the 'Pc' single addition (LDPE with 'Pc' only) were about 1.8 times higher than that for the base polymer. However, TIV for the 'Al' single addition did not significantly increase. The results suggested that the increase in TIV for the mixed addition composite is due to the existence of 'Pc' in the polymer, the mechanism of which was discussed basing on the effects of large π-electron cloud in the molecule of 'Pc' and the effect of semi conductive characteristics of 'Pc' crystallite. On the other hand, the period of time from the tree initiation to the breakdown for the mixed addition was almost 10 times longer than that for the base polymer. In the cases of the single addition, the period of time to the breakdown for the 'Al' single addition was about 3 times longer than that for the base polymer, and the period of time for the 'Pc' single addition was almost the same as that for the base polymer. AFM observation suggested that the well dispersion of 'Al' (nanoparticle) in the polymer is achieved in the mixed addition composite which leads to the wide area of the interface between 'Al' and LDPE. The wide area of the interface was found to control the propagation of tree and accordingly provides the long period of time to breakdown. Consequently, both the increase in TIV and the long period of time to the breakdown were obtained by the mixed addition polymer nanocomposite.
Computing optimal polynomial meshes on planar starlike domains ∗

We construct optimal polynomial meshes on planar compact starlike domains that satisfy a uniform interior ball condition. Moreover, we provide an algorithm that computes such meshes on planar C convex domains by Blaschke’s rolling ball theorem. 2000 AMS subject classification: 41A10, 41A63, 65D05.
Seizures with Clonazepam: Discontinuation and Suggestions for Safe Discontinuation Rates in Children

Clinical characteristics of clonazepam (CZP) discontinuation seizures were clarified from 17 patients who developed seizure exacerbation after rapid discontinuation, including abrupt discontinuation, reduction, or replacement with nitrazepam (NZP). Safe discontinuation rates of CZP were estimated by comparing these patients with 23 patients without CZP discontinuation seizures. The seizures consisted of status epilepticus or frequent attacks of generalized tonic‐clonic seizures (GTC) or non‐GTC, and the first attack of GTC. Incidence did not differ significantly between CZP‐effective cases and CZP‐ineffective cases at discontinuation. The reasons for abrupt discontinuation included adverse effects, insufficient efficacy, difficulty in taking CZP owing to pneumonia, or carelessness of the doctors or the families. Seizure exacerbation occurred 1–6 days after CZP discontinuation. Most of the problems improved with readministration of the original or smaller dosages of CZP or of NZP in an amount threefold or more greater than the original CZP dose. Safe discontinuation rates were estimated to be ≤0.04 mg/kg for abrupt discontinuation, ≤0.04 mg/kg/ week for reduction, and replacement with NZP of 2.5 or more times the original amount of CZP. These safe discontinuation rates were prospectively confirmed by 84 cases of CZP discontinuation in 54 other patients, and no seizure exacerbation occurred with these discontinuation rates.
Television control by hand gestures

We study how a viewer can control a television set remotely by hand gestures. We address two fundamental issues of gesture–based human–computer interaction: (1) How can one communicate a rich set of commands without extensive user training and memorization of gestures? (2) How can the computer recognize the commands in a complicated visual environment? We made a prototype of this system using a computer workstation and a television. The graphical overlays appear on the computer screen, although they could be mixed with the video to appear on the television. The computer controls the television set through serial port commands to an electronically controlled remote control. We describe knowledge we gained from building the prototype. IEEE Intl. Wkshp. on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Zurich, June, 1995 This work may not be copied or reproduced in whole or in part for any commercial purpose. Permission to copy in whole or in part without payment of fee is granted for nonprofit educational and research purposes provided that all such whole or partial copies include the following: a notice that such copying is by permission of Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc.; an acknowledgment of the authors and individual contributions to the work; and all applicable portions of the copyright notice. Copying, reproduction, or republishing for any other purpose shall require a license with payment of fee to Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright c ©Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc., 1994 201 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
How to Define Pathogenicity, Health, and Disease?

Scientific and clinical communities produce ever increasing amounts of data and details about health and disease. Our ability to understand and utilize this information is limited because of imprecise language and lack of well‐defined concepts. This problem involves also the principal concepts of health, disease, and pathogenicity. Here, a systematic model is presented for pathogenicity, as well as for health and disease. It has three components: extent, modulation, and severity, which jointly define the continuum of pathogenicity. The model is population based, and once implemented, it can be used for numerous purposes such as diagnosis, patient stratification, prognosis, finding phenotype–genotype correlations, or explaining adverse drug reactions. The new model has several benefits including health economy by allowing evidence‐based personalized/precision medicine.
Choosing a starting configuration for particle swarm optimization

The performance of particle swarm optimization can be improved by strategically selecting the starting positions of the particles. The work suggests the use of generators from centroidal Voronoi tessellations as the starting points for the swarm. The performance of swarms initialized with this method is compared with the standard PSO algorithm on several standard test functions. Results suggest that CVT initialization improves PSO performance in high dimensional spaces.
High And Low Trusters' Responses To Fear in a Payoff Matrix

Interpersonal trust has long been known to influence cooperation. This study tested the hypothesis that one's degree of trust in others will influence the extent to which one reacts to the presence of fear (or the possibility of receiving no payoff for cooperative actions) in a payoff matrix. The hypothesis was formally tested with public goods games and resource dilemma games, with fear manipulated. Results support the hypothesis: when fear was present, high trusters cooperated more frequently than low trusters; when absent, high and low trusters cooperated at the same rate. The findings held across both games. However, the effects of fear within each game were not straightforward: removing fear from the resource dilemma increased low trusters' cooperation rates, but removing fear from the public goods game decreased high trusters' cooperation rates. Results imply that discussion of the role of trust in cooperation must consider whether the particular dilemma contains an element of fear.
Gibberellin Modulates Anther Development in Rice via the Transcriptional Regulation of GAMYB[W]

Gibberellins (GAs) play important roles in regulating reproductive development, especially anther development. Our previous studies revealed that the MYB transcriptional factor GAMYB, an important component of GA signaling in cereal aleurone cells, is also important for anther development. Here, we examined the physiological functions of GA during anther development through phenotypic analyses of rice (Oryza sativa) GA-deficient, GA-insensitive, and gamyb mutants. The mutants exhibited common defects in programmed cell death (PCD) of tapetal cells and formation of exine and Ubisch bodies. Microarray analysis using anther RNAs of these mutants revealed that rice GAMYB is involved in almost all instances of GA-regulated gene expression in anthers. Among the GA-regulated genes, we focused on two lipid metabolic genes, a cytochrome P450 hydroxylase CYP703A3 and β-ketoacyl reductase, both of which might be involved in providing a substrate for exine and Ubisch body. GAMYB specifically interacted with GAMYB binding motifs in the promoter regions in vitro, and mutation of these motifs in promoter-β-glucuronidase (GUS) transformants caused reduced GUS expression in anthers. Furthermore, a knockout mutant for CYP703A3 showed gamyb-like defects in exine and Ubisch body formation. Together, these results suggest that GA regulates exine formation and the PCD of tapetal cells and that direct activation of CYP703A3 by GAMYB is key to exine formation.
Progress: engaging with organisations in pursuit of improved sustainability accounting and performance

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the development of engagement research in pursuit of improved sustainability accounting and performance and to identify issues in the further development of this field. In particular, the authors consider the implications of this research for practice, policy and theory following the publication of a special issue on the topic in 2007 in the Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal. Design/methodology/approach The authors performed a systematic review of the relevant literature in selected accounting journals for the 11 year period 2007–2017 inclusive. The authors identified the methods, topics and theories addressed by researchers and the academic journals that are more likely to publish engagement research. Findings The authors found a significant increase in engagement work over the decade since publication of the special issue and a marked increase in the volume and complexity of data collected in studies. There is a marked difference in the openness of different journals to engagement research and the type of engagement research published across accounting journals. Contrary to the argument made by critics of engagement research the authors found that this field of research not only uses theory, but develops theory. Research limitations/implications Through the examination of methods and theories used and topics considered, the authors identify avenues for further research – and the journals likely to be receptive to it. Practical implications The study demonstrates that the collective body of engagement research aimed at improving sustainability accounting and performance has significant potential to inform practice and policy developments with the same aim. Originality/value The study examines an emerging approach in an emerging field of research with significant academic, practice and policy potential.
Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase-Dependent DNA Breaks in Class Switch Recombination Occur during G1 Phase of the Cell Cycle and Depend upon Mismatch Repair1

Ab class switching occurs by an intrachromosomal recombination and requires generation of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in Ig switch (S) regions. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) converts cytosines in S regions to uracils, which are excised by uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG). Repair of the resulting abasic sites would yield single-strand breaks (SSBs), but how these SSBs are converted to DSBs is unclear. In mouse splenic B cells, we find that AID-dependent DSBs occur in Sμ mainly in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, indicating they are not created by replication across SSBs. Also, G1 phase cells express AID, UNG, and mismatch repair (MMR) proteins and possess UNG activity. We find fewer S region DSBs in MMR-deficient B cells than in wild-type B cells, and still fewer in MMR-deficient/SμTR−/− B cells, where targets for AID are sparse. These DSBs occur predominantly at AID targets. We also show that nucleotide excision repair does not contribute to class switching. Our data support the hypothesis that MMR is required to convert SSBs into DSBs when SSBs on opposite strands are too distal to form DSBs spontaneously.
DECOMPOSING THE IMPLICIT SELF-CONCEPT: THE RELATIVE INFLUENCE OF SEMANTIC MEANING AND VALENCE ON ATTRIBUTE SELF-ASSOCIATION

Although past research has repeatedly demonstrated that the implicit self–concept contains a wide variety of attributes, the underlying basis of these associations is less clear. Four studies assess the extent to which self–associations are premised on semantic meaning and valence. In each study, subjects generated self–descriptive attributes and then completed identity IATs that measured the relative strength of association between their self and different versions of the generated attributes. Subjects demonstrated stronger self–associations with their personally generated attributes than with (1) attributes that differed in semantic meaning but not valence (Experiments 1 and 2) and (2) attributes that differed in valence but not semantic meaning (Experiment 3). Finally, subjects exhibited stronger self–associations with attributes that shared semantic meaning (but not valence) with their generated attributes than with attributes that shared valence (but not meaning). These results suggest that although .
Assessment of daytime sleepiness and reliability test of Epworth sleepiness scale in young individuals

Background The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is a brief, self-administered questionnaire to measure the daytime sleepiness (DS) in young individuals. It measures an individual′s usual level of DS or average sleep propensity in daily life. The scale also estimates whether someone is experiencing excessive sleepiness, which possibly requires medical attention. Aim The aim of the study was to assess the level of DS as well as to assess the reliability of ESS in young individuals. Settings and design The study was designed as a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. Participants and methods A total of 120 apparently healthy participants belonging to both sexes were evaluated at baseline and after 6 months. The anthropometric measurements included BMI and neck width, ESS scores, DS by the mean levels of chance of dozing, O 2 saturation, and pulse rate. Statistical analysis The reliability of ESS scores and its correlations with various parameters were assessed using paired T-test. Results The mean levels of chance of dozing and ESS scores were significantly lower during daytime in female individuals. ESS scores were significantly correlated with BMI, neck width, and pulse rate; however, there was no correlation between ESS scores and O 2 saturation. The ESS scores as well as the above-mentioned results did not change significantly even after 6 months, indicating good reliability. Conclusion The ESS is appropriate for measuring DS in young individuals, and it also enables characterization of individuals with sleep-related disorders.
How Managers Really Communicate

In contrast to other studies of managerial communication, this investigation combined direct observation of managers in the natural setting with self-report measures to try to determine how managers really communicate. More specifically, the canonical correlation technique was used to analyze the relationships between communication behavior and managerial activities. A two dimensional managerial communicator model emerged. The first dimension represents a continuum from Humanistic Interactor (who interacts more frequently both upward and downward and exhibits more staffing and training/developing activities) to Mechanistic Isolate (who communicates very little but frequently engages in conflict management activities). The second relationship reveals a continuum from Informal Developer (who communicates spontaneously and is involved in training/developing activities) to Formal Controller (who uses scheduled communication interaction and exhibits monitoring/controlling activities). This model provides an empirically based framework for answering the important question of how managers really communicate.
Genomic and Genetic Diversity within the Pseudomonas fluorescens Complex

The Pseudomonas fluorescens complex includes Pseudomonas strains that have been taxonomically assigned to more than fifty different species, many of which have been described as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with potential applications in biocontrol and biofertilization. So far the phylogeny of this complex has been analyzed according to phenotypic traits, 16S rDNA, MLSA and inferred by whole-genome analysis. However, since most of the type strains have not been fully sequenced and new species are frequently described, correlation between taxonomy and phylogenomic analysis is missing. In recent years, the genomes of a large number of strains have been sequenced, showing important genomic heterogeneity and providing information suitable for genomic studies that are important to understand the genomic and genetic diversity shown by strains of this complex. Based on MLSA and several whole-genome sequence-based analyses of 93 sequenced strains, we have divided the P. fluorescens complex into eight phylogenomic groups that agree with previous works based on type strains. Digital DDH (dDDH) identified 69 species and 75 subspecies within the 93 genomes. The eight groups corresponded to clustering with a threshold of 31.8% dDDH, in full agreement with our MLSA. The Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) approach showed inconsistencies regarding the assignment to species and to the eight groups. The small core genome of 1,334 CDSs and the large pan-genome of 30,848 CDSs, show the large diversity and genetic heterogeneity of the P. fluorescens complex. However, a low number of strains were enough to explain most of the CDSs diversity at core and strain-specific genomic fractions. Finally, the identification and analysis of group-specific genome and the screening for distinctive characters revealed a phylogenomic distribution of traits among the groups that provided insights into biocontrol and bioremediation applications as well as their role as PGPR.
Voices from the Classroom: Elementary Students' Perceptions of Blogging

Blogging appears to be a promising instructional strategy which may provide solutions to some of the challenges in traditional writing instruction; however, few studies explore elementary students' views on blogging. This qualitative case study gives elementary students voice as it examines their perceptions of blogging and their views of themselves as writers, readers, and learners. The researchers drew from multiple data sources, including student and teacher interviews, student and teacher blog writing, and classroom observations, to ascertain young writers' perspectives. The findings indicate these student bloggers' reader awareness and appreciation of the reader-writer relationship. Student bloggers also benefited from emotional and pedagogical assistance, both of which addressed their needs as writers, readers, and learners. While students enjoyed positive comments from readers, they struggled with critical feedback. Ways to offer encouragement and to prepare young writers for critical comments as they learn to write are provided.