Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serotonin transporter occupancy with TCAs and SSRIs: a PET study in patients with major depressive disorder

The aim of the present clinical positron emission tomography study was to examine if the 5-HTT is a common target, both for tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Serotonin transporter (5-HTT) occupancy was estimated during treatment with TCA, SSRI and mirtazapine in 20 patients in remission from depression. The patients were recruited from out-patient units and deemed as responders to antidepressive treatment. The radioligand [11C]MADAM was used to determine the 5-HTT binding potential. The mean 5-HTT occupancy was 67% (range 28–86%). There was no significant difference in 5-HTT occupancy between TCA (n=5) and SSRI (n=14). 5-HTT affinity correlated with the recommended clinical dose. Mirtazapine did not occupy the serotonin transporter. The results support that TCAs and SSRIs have a shared mechanism of action by inhibition of 5-HTT.
RF-Based Location Using Interpolation Functions to Reduce Fingerprint Mapping

Indoor RF-based localization using fingerprint mapping requires an initial training step, which represents a time consuming process. This location methodology needs a database conformed with RSSI (Radio Signal Strength Indicator) measures from the communication transceivers taken at specific locations within the localization area. But, the real world localization environment is dynamic and it is necessary to rebuild the fingerprint database when some environmental changes are made. This paper explores the use of different interpolation functions to complete the fingerprint mapping needed to achieve the sought accuracy, thereby reducing the effort in the training step. Also, different distributions of test maps and reference points have been evaluated, showing the validity of this proposal and necessary trade-offs. Results reported show that the same or similar localization accuracy can be achieved even when only 50% of the initial fingerprint reference points are taken.
Interpersonal Factors in the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Voriconazole: Are CYP2C19 Genotypes Enough for Us to Make a Clinical Decision?

Background: Invasive mycoses are serious infections with high mortality and increasing inci-dence. Voriconazole, an important drug to treat invasive mycosis, is metabolized mainly by the cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19 enzyme (CYP2C19) and is affected by the genotypes of CYP2C19. Objective: We reviewed studies on how genotypes affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of voriconazole, and attempted to determine a method to decide on dosage adjustments based on genotypes, after which, the main characteristic of voriconazole was clarified in details. The pharmacokinetics of voriconazole are influenced by various inter and intrapersonal factors, and for certain populations, such as geriatric patients and pediatric patients, these influences must be considered. CYP2C19 genotype represents the main part of the interpersonal variability related to voriconazole blood concentrations. Thus monitoring the concentration of voriconazole is needed in clinical scenarios to minimize the negative influences of inter and intrapersonal factors. Several studies provided evidence on the stable trough concentration range from 1-2 to 4-6 mg/L, which was combined to consider the efficacy and toxicity. However, the therapeutic drug concentration needs to be narrowed down and evaluated by large-scale clinical trials. Conclusion: Though there is insufficient evidence on the relationship between CYP2C19 genotypes and clinical outcomes, there is a great potential for the initial voriconazole dose selection to be guided by the CYP2C19 genotype. Finally, voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring is essential to provide patient-specific dosing recommendations, leading to more effective anti-fungal regimens to increase clinical effica-cy and reduce adverse drug reactions.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MENYEBABKAN RENDAHNYA PERAN IBU BALITA KE POSYANDU DESA SUMBER DATAR WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SUNGAI KERANJI TAHUN 2016

Posyandu merupakan entry point pelayanan kesehatan seperti imunisasi, pengobatan diare, kegiatan deteksi dan stimulasi tumbuh kembang anak yang memiliki tujuan mempercepat penurunan AKI, AKB dan AKBA. Penurunan kunjungan posyandu akan menimbulkan dampak tidak baik untuk pembangunan Sumber Daya Masyarakat. Di Desa Sumber Datar hanya 38,3% ibu balita yang membawa balitanya ke Posyandu. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku ibu membawa balita ke posyandu disebabkan banyak faktor, diantaranya pengetahuan ibu, sikap ibu, dan peran kader.Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan rendahnya peran ibu balita ke posyandu di Desa Sumber Datar tahun 2016. Desain penelitian ini cross sectional. Populasi seluruh ibu balita yang ada di desa Sumber Datar, dengan jumlah sampel 71 orang, teknik yang digunakan systematic random sampling. Hasil penelitian diketahui terdapat hubungan tingkat pengetahuan ibu, sikap ibu dan peran kader dengan keaktifan kunjungan ibu balita ke posyandu desa Sumber Datar, dengan nilai P value 0,000 < 0,05 pada setiap variabel. Disarankan pihak puskesmas Sungai Keranji untuk mengadakan penyuluhan tentang posyandu dan melakukan sosialisasi bahwa posyandu adalah milik semua masyarakat, serta puskesmas dapat memberikan pelatihan kader misalnya pelatihan public speaking serta memberikan materi penyuluhan lainnya sebagai upaya untuk dapat memberdayakan kader setempat dan memperkaya bekal kader agar dapat melakukan penyuluhan yang baik
A Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2) Glycoprotein D-expressing Nonreplicating Dominant-Negative HSV-2 Virus Vaccine Is Superior to a gD2 Subunit Vaccine against HSV-2 Genital Infection in Guinea Pigs

We recently constructed a novel non-replicating dominant-negative HSV-2 recombinant viral vaccine (CJ2-gD2) capable of expressing various HSV-2 antigens that are dominant targets of HSV-2-specific CD8 T-cell response. Importantly, CJ2-gD2 expresses gD2, the HSV-2 major antigen glycoprotein D, as efficiently as wild-type HSV-2 infection and can lead to a nearly 500-fold reduction in wild-type HSV-2 viral replication in cells co-infected with CJ2-gD2 and wild-type HSV-2. In this report, we show that CJ2-gD2 elicits a strong antibody response to various HSV-2 antigens and is highly effective in the prevention of primary and recurrent HSV-2 genital infection and disease in the immunized guinea pigs. The direct comparison study between CJ2-gD2 and a gD2 subunit vaccine (gD2-alum/MPL) with a formulation akin to a vaccine tested in phase III clinical trials shows that CJ2-gD2 is 8 times more effective than the gD2-alum/MPL subunit vaccine in eliciting an anti-HSV-2 specific neutralizing antibody response and offers significantly superior protection against primary and recurrent HSV-2 genital infections. Importantly, no challenge wild-type HSV-2 viral DNA was detectable in dorsal root ganglia DNA isolated from CJ2-gD2-immunized guinea pigs on day 60 post-challenge. CJ2-gD2 should be an excellent HSV-2 vaccine candidate for protection against HSV-2 genital infection and disease in humans.
Two Outbreaks of Neonatal Skin Sepsis Caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Phage Type 71

Specific epidemic types of Staphylococcus aureus have been shown to be responsible for several outbreaks of pemphigus neonatorum (Elliott, Gillespie and Holland, 1941; Hobbs, 1944; Allison and Hobbs, 1947; Williams, Sims-Roberts and Cook, 1947; Parker and Kennedy, 1949; Miller, 1950; Rountree, Heseltine, Rheuben and Shearman, 1956; Gillespie, Pope and Simpson, 1957). In this communication two further outbreaks in separate hospitals caused by Staphylococcus aureus phage type 71 are reported. The organisms were also isolated from a member of the nursing staff in each hospital. Methods and Materials
Learning and transfer of learning for synthetic speech

Understanding synthetic speech involves a learning process. We address the question whether transfer of learning takes place from one kind of synthetic speech to another. An experiment is presented in which learning curves for intelligibility were determined for two diphone-based synthesis systems for Dutch, A and B, with different diphone databases. Twenty-four subjects heard eight blocks of 50 Semantically Unpredictable Sentences (SUS). Four different experimental conditions were constructed: In conditions AA and BB, the same synthesis system (A and B, respectively) was presented in blocks 1 to 4 and 5 to 8. In conditions AB and BA one system was presented in blocks 1 to 4 and the other system in blocks 5 to 8. Results show that learning effects are observed within systems (conditions AA and BB). However, we find no evidence of transfer of learning between systems (conditions AB and BA).
High-resolution fMRI of Content-sensitive Subsequent Memory Responses in Human Medial Temporal Lobe

The essential role of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in long-term memory for individual events is well established, yet important questions remain regarding the mnemonic functions of the component structures that constitute the region. Within the hippocampus, recent functional neuroimaging findings suggest that formation of new memories depends on the dentate gyrus and the CA3 field, whereas the contribution of the subiculum may be limited to retrieval. During encoding, it has been further hypothesized that structures within MTL cortex contribute to encoding in a content-sensitive manner, whereas hippocampal structures may contribute to encoding in a more domain-general manner. In the current experiment, high-resolution fMRI techniques were utilized to assess novelty and subsequent memory effects in MTL subregions for two classes of stimuli—faces and scenes. During scanning, participants performed an incidental encoding (target detection) task with novel and repeated faces and scenes. Subsequent recognition memory was indexed for the novel stimuli encountered during scanning. Analyses revealed voxels sensitive to both novel faces and novel scenes in all MTL regions. However, similar percentages of voxels were sensitive to novel faces and scenes in perirhinal cortex, entorhinal cortex, and a combined region comprising the dentate gyrus, CA2, and CA3, whereas parahippocampal cortex, CA1, and subiculum demonstrated greater sensitivity to novel scene stimuli. Paralleling these findings, subsequent memory effects in perirhinal cortex were observed for both faces and scenes, with the magnitude of encoding activation being related to later memory strength, as indexed by a graded response tracking recognition confidence, whereas subsequent memory effects were scene-selective in parahippocampal cortex. Within the hippocampus, encoding activation in the subiculum correlated with subsequent memory for both stimulus classes, with the magnitude of encoding activation varying in a graded manner with later memory strength. Collectively, these findings suggest a gradient of content sensitivity from posterior (parahippocampal) to anterior (perirhinal) MTL cortex, with MTL cortical regions differentially contributing to successful encoding based on event content. In contrast to recent suggestions, the present data further indicate that the subiculum may contribute to successful encoding irrespective of event content.
Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Have Improved Outcomes with Endovascular Aneurysm Repair Compared with Open Repair

The purpose of our study was to evaluate outcomes in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) undergoing open or endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). We retrospectively examined the records of consecutive patients with AAA and COPD who underwent either open repair or EVAR between 2001 and 2008. In-hospital and follow-up outcomes were compared between open repair and EVAR using SPSS (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). Sixty-nine patients were included for analysis (mean age 71 ± 1.0 years; 93% [n = 64] male). Open surgery was performed in 63% (n = 43). In-hospital mortality was 4%. All-cause mortality did not differ significantly between the open repair and EVAR groups during 3 years of follow-up (p = .491). In-hospital death and major complications occurred in 30% (n = 13) after open repair compared with 12% (n = 3) after EVAR (p = .075). Pneumonia occurred in 19% (n = 8) after open repair and in 0% after EVAR (p = .019); pneumonia was associated with increased mortality during the first year after AAA repair (log-rank test p = .003). Hospital length of stay was increased in the open repair group compared with the EVAR group (16 vs 5 days, p < .001), as was intensive care unit length of stay (11 vs 2 days, p < .001) and need for ventilation (61% vs 12%, p < .001). Patients with COPD and anatomically suitable AAAs should be preferentially offered EVAR.
Modelling and control of nitrogen partial pressure for prophylaxis and treatment of air embolism

This article describes a model for the absorption of a cerebral gas embolism. It is also shown that by controlling the ambient pressure and partial pressure of nitrogen, an air embolism can be absorbed at an accelerated rate. At ambient pressure, a breathing gas of 100% Oxygen will triple the rate of absorption. With an ambient pressure of 6 atmospheres, a 1-mm bubble is eliminated in 10 minutes instead of 12 hours.
Addition of Pregabalin to Multimodal Analgesic Therapy Following Ankle Surgery: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Background and Objectives Pregabalin is often used as a perioperative analgesic adjunct; some studies show benefit, but others do not. Adverse effects, such as confusion and sedation, have been attributed to perioperative use of pregabalin. We tested the hypothesis that pregabalin, when used as part of a multimodal analgesic regimen, reduces the duration of moderate to severe pain in the first 24 hrs following foot or ankle surgery. Secondary outcomes included measures of opioid and pregabalin adverse effects. Methods Sixty patients scheduled for hospital admission after foot or ankle surgery entered this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients received a neuraxial anesthetic, a popliteal fossa sciatic nerve block using 30 mL 0.375% bupivacaine with clonidine 100 µg and epinephrine, a saphenous nerve block, postoperative hydromorphone intravenous patient-controlled analgesia, and oral analgesics (oxycodone/acetaminophen). Patients were randomized to receive pregabalin (100 mg preoperatively, then 50 mg every 12 hrs) or a placebo for 3 days. The primary outcome was the number of hours that patients reported moderate to severe pain. Results Both groups reported a similar number of hours of moderate to severe pain during the first 24 hrs: 4.1 (SD, 4.1) hrs (pregabalin) versus 4.5 (SD, 3.5) hrs (placebo). Pain scores, opioid use, and adverse effects were also similar in both groups. Conclusions No clinical benefit was obtained from perioperative administration of pregabalin (100 mg preoperative, then 50 mg every 12 hrs) as part of a multimodal postoperative analgesic regimen following foot and ankle surgery.
Can adults who have recovered from selective mutism in childhood and adolescence tell us anything about the nature of the condition and/or recovery from it?

The literature on selective mutism provides little information on the child’s own perspective. Six adults who had been selectively mute were interviewed about their childhood and adolescence. Data analysis led to identification of five themes, each of which has potentially important implications for teachers. (1) Origins of selective mutism: all interviewees reported withdrawal from social interaction at an early age. There was evidence from three respondents that onset of selective mutism was associated with events they had found traumatic. (2) Maintenance of selective mutism: all interviewees reported being strong willed, with a conscious determination not to speak. Selective mutism became a clearly understood and well‐defined social role. (3) Determination, social anxiety and loneliness, only two respondents (twins) reported feelings related to social anxiety in childhood, but other symptoms were reported. (4) In the recovery process four respondents reported their own conscious decision to change their current lifestyle as a precursor to starting to speak. (5) Concerning current psychosocial adjustment, four respondents had obtained therapy as adults, though not for selective mutism; five interviewees felt confident in formal, professional settings, but still experienced anxiety in informal, social situations. The data are discussed in light of previous work on selective mutism. In spite of inherent limitations, interviews with adults who have recovered may help teachers to understand both the development of the problem and their own role in helping students to recover from it.
Expression Characteristics of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α and Its Clinical Values in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a ubiquitously expressed oxygen-regulated transcription factor composed of α and β subunits. HIF-1 activates the transcription of various genes including those involved in the formation and metastatic growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Objectives To investigate the levels of hepatic and circulating HIF-1α expression in a range of patients with liver disease in order to determine how it can be used in the diagnosis of HCC and in establishing prognosis. Patients and Methods Total RNA was extracted from a self-controlled HCC and paracancerous specimen. HIF-1α mRNA was amplified by nested RT-PCR and confirmed by sequencing. Tissue HIF-1α was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The levels of HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) expression in the sera of 220 patients with liver disease were quantitatively detected by ELISA. Results The positive staining of liver HIF-1α was brown and granule-like and was mainly present in the cytoplasm, with lower levels in the nucleus of hepatocytes. Its incidence was 80% in HCC cells and 100% in paracancerous tissues, with no significant difference in HIF-1α expression in relation to tumor number, degree of differentiation, or hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity, but with some correlation between HIF-1α and tumor size. HIF-1α expression was detected in the sera of HCC patients at a significantly higher level than in cases of benign liver disease, with pathological characteristics associated with the levels of circulating VEGF and Ang-2 expression, the size of the tumor, and the level of extrahepatic metastasis, but not with patients’ gender, age, or alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. Conclusions Hepatic HIF-1α expression is associated with the development and prognosis of HCC, and circulating HIF-1α level is a useful marker for HCC diagnosis and prognosis.
Resolving scientific disputes by the joint design of crucial experiments by the antagonists: Application to the Erez–Latham dispute regarding participation in goal setting.

In this monograph we describe a unique method for resolving scientific disputes: the joint design of crucial experiments by the antagonists themselves with the help of a mediator. This method was applied to the issue of the effect of participation on goal commitment and performance. In research on this topic, Latham and his colleagues had obtained markedly different results from those obtained by Erez and her colleagues. With Locke serving as a third party mediator, Latham and Erez designed four experiments to resolve the discrepancies. The experiments were conducted at the University of Washington and the University of Maryland. The results revealed that the major reason for the difference was that Erez gave very brief tell instructions to her assigned goal subjects, whereas Latham used a tell and sell approach. Four additional factors also contributed to the earlier difference in findings: goal difficulty, setting personal goals before goal treatments were introduced, self-efficacyinducing instructions, and instructions to reject disliked goals. It was concluded that (a) the differences between Latham and Erez can be explained on the basis of differences in specific procedures, and (b) the method used to resolve this dispute should be used by other investigators. In this monograph we present a method of resolving scientific disputes that may be unique in the history of psychology, and we demonstrate its application to a current scientific dispute. The method involved the joint design of "crucial experiments" by the antagonists, using a third party as a mediator. Typically, when there are disagreements regarding a certain finding or relationship in science, the disputants attack one another in the literature. Each may claim that the other used a flawed procedure, an invalid design, inappropriate analyses, or that the findings were valid but misinterpreted. The rest of the scientific community then lines up on either side (or in the middle).
EMPIRICAL BAYES AND COMPOUND ESTIMATION OF NORMAL MEANS

Dedicated to Herbert Robbins on his 80th birthday Abstract: This article concerns the canonical empirical Bayes problem of estimating normal means under squared-error loss. General empirical estimators are derived which are asymptotically minimax and optimal. Uniform convergence and the speed of convergence are considered. The general empirical Bayes estimators are compared with the shrinkage estimators of Stein (1956) and James and Stein (1961). Estimation of the mixture density and its derivatives are also discussed.
Development Informatics Working Paper Series Exploring the Reality of Ecommerce Benefits among Businesses in a Developing Country Alemayehu Molla Exploring the Reality of Ecommerce Benefits among Businesses in a Developing Country

The Development Informatics working paper series discusses the broad issues surrounding information, knowledge, information systems, and information and communication technologies in the process of socioeconomic development Abstract The use of e-commerce by businesses in developing countries is related to the potential benefits of participating in international value chains, increasing market access and reach, improving internal and market efficiency, and lowering transaction costs. Belief in such benefits has led to the adoption of e-commerce by some businesses in these countries. However, the questions of what and how much benefits businesses in developing countries are actually reaping from their e-commerce investments are not well covered. This paper attempts to explore the real benefits of e-commerce based on data from 92 businesses in South Africa. The findings indicate that e-commerce benefits are by and large limited to improving intra-and inter-organisational communications. Strategic benefits such as improving relationships across the value chain, increasing market reach, and reducing market, operation and supply chain management costs are not as widely found as the standard model of e-commerce would have us believe. These findings support the argument that cautions against an over-optimistic view of e-commerce for developing countries.