Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physiological properties of hemoglobin in the branchiopod crustacean Triops.

HORNE, FRANCIS R. , AND KLAUS W. BEYENBACH. Physiological properties of hemoglobin in the branchiopod crustacean Triops. Am. Je Physiol. 220(6) : 1875188 1. 197 1 . -Hemoglobin of the freshwater crustacean, Triops longicaudatus, was found to have oxygen equilibrium curves similar to those of the white rat when compared under identical experimental conditions (e.g. pH-7.1; temp = 22-23 C; Hb = 2 mg/lOO ml; P50 = 6.8 mm 02 (Triops) ; PsO = 6.1 mm 02 (rat)). Magnitudes of temperature and Bohr effects, however, were different. Triops hemoglobin was affected least by both parameters. Physiological concentrations of the chloride salts of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium did not affect equilibria, whereas high concentrations of calcium (52 I& and magnesium (15 mM) increased oxygen affinity (PM reduced from 8.73 to 6.7 mm 0,). Oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, hemoglobin concentration, and carbon monoxide affinity of hemoglobin were 3.22 vol %, 1.62 g/100 ml, and 282:l (CO:Oz). By comparing respiratory rates of normal and carbon monoxide-treated animals, Trio/q hemoglobin was found not to be essential for survival. Instead, hemoglobin seems only to assist in oxygen delivery to the tissues during periods of oxygen stress. Some individuals in all Triops populations have little, if any, hemoglobin.
Ambience-sensitive optical refraction in ferroelectric nanofilms of NaNbO3

Abstract Optical index of refraction n is studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry in epitaxial nanofilms of NaNbO3 with thickness ∼10 nm grown on different single-crystal substrates. The index n in the transparency spectral range (n ≈ 2.1 – 2.2) exhibits a strong sensitivity to atmospheric-pressure gas ambience. The index n in air exceeds that in an oxygen ambience by δn ≈ 0.05 – 0.2. The thermo-optical behaviour n(T) indicates ferroelectric state in the nanofilms. The ambience-sensitive optical refraction is discussed in terms of fundamental connection between refraction and ferroelectric polarization in perovskites, screening of depolarizing field on surfaces of the nanofilms, and thermodynamically stable surface reconstructions of NaNbO3.
Persistent auditory hallucinations that are unresponsive to antipsychotic drugs.

According to DSM-IV-TR, a hallucination is “a sensory perception that has a compelling sense of reality of a true perception, but occurs without external stimulation of the relevant sensory organ. ” Thus, an auditory hallucination is a false perception of sound. These are the most common forms of hallucinations (1). Auditory hallucinations are found most often in patients with schizophrenia, with a prevalence of 75% in that population (2). However, auditory hallucinations have been described in conjunction with many life circumstances and diseases, including religious phenomena, bereavement, drug intoxication, sensory deprivation, and near-death experiences, as well as psychiatric or neurological disorders. Auditory hallucinations have been estimated to occur in 10%–15% of those without neuropsychiatric illness (3). Auditory hallucinations have been linked to left-brain alterations in imaging studies, more specifically Broca’s area, the anterior cingulate, the superior temporal lobe, and the primary auditory cortex (4). Many historical figures, from Socrates and Caesar to Descartes and Joan of Arc, have been reported to “hear voices” (5). Although the meaning, significance, and etiology of these voices depend on their context, auditory hallucinations are most often a symptom of severe, disabling psychiatric or neurological illness. This article recounts the treatment course of a patient with new-onset auditory hallucinations. To highlight the importance of taking a thorough history, we present the relevant data longitudinally, in the same manner in which it was obtained.
Higher Bank Capital Requirements and Mortgage Pricing: Evidence from the Counter-Cyclical Capital Buffer

How has the CCB affected mortgage pricing after Switzerland became the first country to activate this Basel III macroprudential tool? By analyzing a database with several offers per mortgage request, we construct a picture of mortgage supply and demand. We find, first, that the CCB changes the composition of mortgage supply, as relatively capital-constrained and mortgage-specialized banks raise prices more than their competitors do. Second, risk-weighting schemes linked to borrower risk do not amplify the CCB's effect. To conclude, changes in the supply composition suggest that the CCB has achieved its intended effect in shifting mortgages from less resilient to more resilient banks, but stricter capital requirements do not appear to have discouraged less resilient banks from risky mortgage lending.
Cognitive skills in mathematical problem solving in Grade 3.

BACKGROUND Research on the relationship between cognitive skills and mathematical problem solving is usually conducted on adults or on participants with acquired deficits associated with brain injury (e.g.Cipolotti, 1995; Cohen, Dehaene, & Verstichel, 1994; McCloskey, 1992). AIMS In these studies we wanted to make a contribution to the field of children's mathematical problem solving. The first aim of this study was to investigate whether mathematical problem solving in children is merely determined by semantic elaboration, as hypothesized in some of the models of adult processing (semantic hypothesis). In addition, we aimed to investigate whether there is a continuum from very good to very poor mathematical problem solving among children with mathematical learning disabilities showing immature cognitive skills (maturational lag hypothesis). SAMPLE The participants were 376 third graders and 107 second graders. METHOD The internal structure of the data was analysed with a principal components analysis. In addition, two MANOVA were conducted to compare children with learning disabilities or problems with age-matched and performance-matched subjects. RESULTS Two components, a semantic and a non-semantic one, were needed to account for an adequate fit of the dataset. In addition, children with mathematical learning disabilities had less-developed cognitive skills compared with peers without learning disabilities, but they did not differ from younger children on seven of the nine cognitive skills. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted that children's mathematical problem solving is not determined by one general component. The picture is more complex, since two mathematics components were found. In addition, although our findings point in the direction of the maturational lag hypothesis it may be important to assess the different cognitive skills and especially assess the number system knowledge, since it seems below average in children with mathematical learning disabilities, compared with the knowledge of younger children with comparable skills in mathematics.
On Diameter Based Community Structure Identification in Networks

Several community detection algorithms for large scale networks have been reported in the literature so far. But to the best of our knowledge none of these algorithms consider the diameter of the community as a key parameter. In this paper, we propose a new metric to measure the quality of the community structure identified in a network which is less computation intensive and more realistic. Also, we develop a new heuristic to identify community structures considering the diameter of the community as one of the determinant factors. To ensure good quality of the community structure, we restrict the diameter of a community, upper bounded by a certain value k ≪ D, the diameter of the original network. Comparison with existing algorithms by simulation on well-known graphs such as Zachary karate club, Dolphin network and Football club shows our algorithm performs better in terms of modularity of the community structure achieved. Also, it establishes the fact that the modularity parameter defined by us, can compare the community structures of a given network better.
XBF-1, a winged helix transcription factor with dual activity, has a role in positioning neurogenesis in Xenopus competent ectoderm.

Neuronal differentiation in the vertebrate nervous system is temporally and spatially controlled by mechanisms which are largely unknown. Here we investigate the role of XBF-1, an anterior neural plate-specific winged helix transcription factor, in controlling the pattern of neurogenesis in Xenopus ectoderm. We show that, in the anterior neural plate of normal embryos, prospective neurogenesis is positioned at the anterior boundary of the XBF-1 expression domain. By misexpressing XBF-1 in the posterior neural plate we show that a high dose of XBF-1 has a dual effect; it suppresses endogenous neuronal differentiation in high expressing cells and induces ectopic neuronal differentiation in adjacent cells. In contrast, a low dose of XBF-1 does not suppress but instead, expands the domain of neuronal differentiation in the lateral and ventral sides of the embryo. XBF-1 regulates the expression of XSox3, X-ngnr-1, X-Myt-1 and X-&Dgr;-1 suggesting that it acts early in the cascade leading to neuronal differentiation. A fusion of XBF-1 to a strong repressor domain (EnR) mimics most of the XBF-1 effects suggesting that the wild type XBF-1 is a transcriptional repressor. However, fusion of XBF-1 to a strong activation domain (E1A) specifically suppresses neuronal differentiation suggesting that XBF-1 may also work as a transcriptional activator. Based on these findings, we propose that XBF-1 is involved in positioning neuronal differentiation by virtue of its concentration dependent, dual activity, as a suppressor and an activator of neurogenesis.
Digital Media and Gender

Quakerism, a Christian denomination, originated in the actions of a few radical preachers active throughout the British Isles but particularly in North West England and Bristol during the 1640s and 1650s, such as Barbara Blaugdone, possibly from Bristol (1609–1704), and George Fox from Leicestershire (1624–1691). “Friends,” as members called themselves, were initially scorned by others, and the term “Quaker,” although later used by the group themselves,was originally a formof abuse,mocking their physical shaking when divinely moved to speak. Most Quakers rejected the idea of paid ministry and traditional church hierarchies, favoring a more egalitarian structure based on spiritual maturity rather than social status, and the development of a series of testimonies, or guides to ethical living. One of the first was the peace testimony. Arising during a period of civil war in the British Isles, Quakerism was not, in the first instance, entirely pacifist: several members, including Fox, were part of the Parliamentarian army which rejected monarchy and sought a republic. Quakers spread radical new ideas, including the idea that everyone held “that of God” within them, developed from Luke 17:21. Such spiritual equality paralleled contemporary calls for political equality and was core to much early Quaker activity, but led to conflict with non-Quakers, particularly over gender and violence.
Seasonality and daily flight activity of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on dairy farms in Saraburi Province, Thailand

Knowledge of seasonal abundance and flight activity patterns are required to design effective management programs for insect pests of humans and livestock. In this study, the seasonality and daily flight activity of Stomoxys species were observed on two dairy farms in Saraburi Province, Thailand. Data were assessed throughout 1 year using Vavoua traps from September 2010 to August 2011. A total of 2,520 individuals belonging to four species were collected. Most Stomoxys species peaked in September (rainy season) and gradually decreased in number toward February (dry season); a second peak occurred between March and April (hot season). Stomoxys calcitrans was caught throughout the year and was the most abundant species in this study. The total number of males and females of S. calcitrans differed significantly among seasons and time intervals. The weather parameters of relative humidity and light intensity were significantly correlated with S. calcitrans abundance.
ADP Ribosylation Factor 6 Regulates Neuronal Migration in the Developing Cerebral Cortex through FIP3/Arfophilin-1-dependent Endosomal Trafficking of N-cadherin

Abstract During neural development, endosomal trafficking controls cell shape and motility through the polarized transport of membrane proteins related to cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix interactions. ADP ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) is a critical small GTPase that regulates membrane trafficking between the plasma membrane and endosomes. We herein demonstrated that the knockdown of endogenous Arf6 in mouse cerebral cortices led to impaired neuronal migration in the intermediate zone and cytoplasmic retention of N-cadherin and syntaxin12 in migrating neurons. Rescue experiments with separation-of-function Arf6 mutants identified Rab11 family-interacting protein 3 (FIP3)/Arfophilin-1, a dual effector for Arf6 and Rab11, as a downstream effector of Arf6 in migrating neurons. The knockdown of FIP3 led to impaired neuronal migration in the intermediate zone and cytoplasmic retention of N-cadherin in migrating neurons, similar to that of Arf6, which could be rescued by the coexpression of wild-type FIP3 but not FIP3 mutants lacking the binding site for Arf6 or Rab11. These results suggest that Arf6 regulates cortical neuronal migration in the intermediate zone through the FIP3-dependent endosomal trafficking.
A practical method for video scene segmentation

Video segmentation is a crucial pass to content-based video summarization and retrieval. In this paper, we present a practical method to efficiently group video content into semantic segments. First we detect shots with double-threshold method to find raw shots quickly, followed by redundant frames removal though spatial color distribution to get the key frames. Finally, we cluster the key frames using the inter-shot correlation via domain color histogram and motion intensity to get the final scenes.
Physical and Socioeconomic Characteristics at Young Age as Predictors of Survival to 100: A Study of a New Historical Data Resource (U.S. WWI Draft Cards)

Copyright 2008 by the Society of Actuaries. All rights reserved by the Society of Actuaries. Permission is granted to make brief excerpts for a published review. Permission is also granted to make limited numbers of copies of items in this monograph for personal, internal, classroom or other instructional use, on condition that the foregoing copyright notice is used so as to give reasonable notice of the Society's copyright. This consent for free limited copying without prior consent of the Society does not extend to making copies for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for inclusion in new collective works or for resale.
Proneness to hypomania/mania symptoms or depression symptoms and asymmetrical frontal cortical responses to an anger-evoking event.

The behavioral approach system (BAS) reflects the propensity to respond to signals of reward, including stimuli associated with safety and goal-oriented attack (e.g., anger). Hypomania/mania has been posited to involve increased BAS activity. In contrast, depression has been posited to involve decreased BAS activity. Building on past research, which suggests that increased left frontal cortical activity is a neurophysiological index of BAS activity, the present research tested the hypotheses that proneness toward hypomania/mania symptoms would be related to increased relative left frontal activity and that proneness toward depression symptoms would be related to decreased relative left frontal activity in response to an anger-evoking event. Results from 67 individuals who had completed a measure of proneness toward these affective symptoms and were exposed to an anger-evoking event supported the hypotheses.
In the Face of "Jim Crow": Prosperous Blacks and Vacations, Travel and Outdoor Leisure, 1890-1945

In the summer of 1870, the nation's most famous ex-slave and revered abolitionist, Frederick Douglass, wrote to an associate, "Heretofore, colored Americans have thought little of adorning their parlors with pictures. They have to do with the stem, and I may say, the ugly realities of life. Pictures come not with slavery and oppression and destitution, but with liberty, fair play, leisure, and refinement. "' When Douglass penned these lines, the vast majority of ex-slaves had experienced only five years of freedom. There were stories of a few fabulously successful blacks, most of whom had earned their freedom years, even decades earlier. However, the average freedman worked long hours for little more than subsistence wages. In the eyes of whites, and perhaps for many blacks as well, any thoughts of significant black leisure appeared far-fetched, even unnatural. In the late nineteenth century, however, determined blacks found ways to enjoy leisure, and this often irritated whites. Such "conflict" provided part of the backdrop for the famous Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision of 1896 which institutionalized segregation in public accommodations until 1954. Prosperous blacks from New Orleans were arranging large group excursions by rail to resort areas along the Gulf Coast. The presence of significant numbers of well-dressed blacks enjoying themselves offended some whites, who pressured the railroads to enforce state segregation laws. In response, a group of well-connected blacks, supported by liberal white friends, sued the railroads. This eventually led to the famous decision, which allowed "separate but equal" public accommodations.2 A century ago, "Jim Crow" segregation became the law of the nation. Despite all of the obstacles and prejudice they faced, by the late nineteenth century several thousand blacks nationwide had established distinguished careers, prosperous businesses, comfortable homes, and impressive incomes and investment portfolios.3 Comparatively little attention has been paid to them. Aside from biographies of distinguished blacks, most scholars have concentrated on the masses of blacks who suffered relentless oppression, grinding poverty, and distressingly narrow opportunities for improving their circumstances during the "Jim Crow" era. Certainly the experiences of the downtrodden deserve attention, but so do lives of those who defied all the odds and gained wealth. How could affluent blacks spend their disposable income? Under
Hierarchical organization of context in the hippocampal episodic code

The hippocampal system appears to be critically important in establishing episodic memory of both internal and external events within contexts as well as spatial memory, which enables flexible spatial navigation. However, the neuronal substrates that function across different memories in the hippocampal system are poorly understood. I monitored large-scale activity patterns of hippocampal neuronal ensembles in rats performing a novel, continuous task that combined one visually guided and two memory-guided types of navigations in a constant environment. I found that the activity patterns of the hippocampal ensemble represent spatiotemporal contexts (journeys) constructed by temporally ordered past, present and expected future places in tandem with visually or mnemonically guided non-spatial contexts (task-demands) to form episodes. This finding therefore suggests that the hierarchical organization of contexts based on pattern separation and completion enables the hippocampus to play a dual role in spatial navigation and recall of episodic memory. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.00321. 001
Video game addiction and adolescent psychosocial wellbeing: the role of online and real-life friendship quality

This study investigates the moderating role of the quality of online and real-life friendship on the relationship between video game addiction and psychosocial well-being. It uses a large-sample paper-and-pencil questionnaire study conducted in 2009 on secondary schools in the Netherlands. This resulted in a sample of 4054 schoolchildren (aged 13-16 years), which was subsequently reduced to a subsample of 1468 online gamers – those who play non-browser based online games with others. Measures were used to establish individual score levels for video game addiction, negative self-esteem, loneliness, depressive mood, social anxiety, the quality of online friendships, and the quality of real-life friendships. Results demonstrated that both psychosocial problems and quality of online friendships were positively associated with video game addiction Furthermore, the relationship between addiction and psychosocial problems was moderated by the quality of online friendships (for loneliness) and real-life friendships (for social anxiety and loneliness). For those with high-quality friendships, the relationship between game addiction and decreased psychosocial health was found to be weaker. These findings demonstrate that the quality of online and real-life friendships plays a role in the severity of problems associated with higher levels of video game addiction.
Two-Component Signal Transduction in Enterococcus faecalis †

Enterococci are gram-positive constituents of the normal human microflora, typically colonizing the intestinal tract and skin (34, 47). However, these organisms are capable of causing disease as opportunistic pathogens, mainly in immunocompromised patients (35, 58). The problem of enterococcal infection has been aggravated by the emergence in the past decade of multiple antibiotic resistance, which has converted some enterococci from being difficult to treat medically to being completely refractory to all antimicrobial regimens (22, 46). Despite their pathogenicity, enterococci constitute a major component of the microflora of artisanal cheeses produced in Europe and are considered to play an important role in ripening and aroma development (20, 67). Additionally, enterococci are used as probiotics to improve the microbial balance of the intestine and to treat gastroenteritis in humans and animals (2, 43). These bacteria probably now represent the greatest risk to human health of any bacterial species currently used for these purposes (12, 21). Additional general features of these organisms are hallmarks of their biology and may also contribute to their pathogenicity. Enterococci are distinguished for their ability to grow in 6.5% NaCl or at temperatures ranging from 10 to 45°C and to tolerate acidic and alkaline growth conditions. These observations raise the question of how enterococcal physiology has evolved to allow the organisms to sense environmental changes and respond to the various stimuli with adaptive behavior. Monitoring and adapting to changing environmental conditions is the key function of bacterial signal transduction, which is generally carried out by the so-called two-component systems. Two-component signal transduction systems have evolved to allow cells to monitor their environment and respond appropriately to a wide variety of stimuli, including nutrient deprivation, chemical changes, host-pathogen interaction, osmotic shock, and other stresses (6, 9, 28, 30, 57). While studies of enterococci have identified some general stress proteins (5, 18, 19, 24), a global view of the enterococcal signal transduction mechanisms has not been gained. The soon-to-be-completed sequences of the Enterococcus faecalis (strain V583) (The Institute for Genomic Research [TIGR]; www.tigr.org) and Enterococcus faecium (strain TX0016) (Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine) genomes will be invaluable tools to exploit in the effort to gain a better understanding of the physiology of these organisms and address the increasing threat they pose to human health.