Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Succinate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Is Rare in Pituitary Adenomas

Germline mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase genes (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD) are established as causes of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, renal carcinoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor. It has recently been suggested that pituitary adenomas may also be a component of this syndrome. We sought to determine the incidence of SDH mutation in pituitary adenomas. We performed screening immunohistochemistry for SDHB and SDHA on all available pituitary adenomas resected at our institution from 1998 to 2012. In those patients with an abnormal pattern of staining, we then performed SDH mutation analysis on DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue, fresh frozen tissue, and peripheral blood. One of 309 adenomas (0.3%) demonstrated an abnormal pattern of staining, a 30 mm prolactin-producing tumor from a 62-year-old man showing loss of staining for both SDHA and SDHB. Examination of paraffin-embedded and frozen tissues confirmed double-hit inactivating somatic SDHA mutations (c.725_736del and c.989_990insTA). Neither of these mutations was present in the germline. We conclude that, although pathogenic SDH mutation may occur in pituitary adenomas and can be identified by immunohistochemistry, it appears to be a very rare event and can occur in the absence of germline mutation. SDH-deficient pituitary adenomas may be larger and more likely to produce prolactin than other pituitary adenomas. Unless suggested by family history and physical examination, it is difficult to justify screening for SDH mutations in pituitary adenomas. Surveillance programs for patients with SDH mutation may be tailored to include the possibility of pituitary neoplasia; however, this is likely to be a low-yield strategy.
Effects of South Carolina’s Sex Offender Registration and Notification Policy on Adult Recidivism

Some sex offender registration and notification (SORN) policies subject all registered sex offenders to Internet notification. The present study examined the effects of one such broad notification policy on sex crime recidivism. Secondary data were analyzed for a sample of 6,064 male offenders convicted of at least one sex crime between 1990 and 2004. Across a mean follow-up of 8.4 years, 490 (8%) offenders had new sex crime charges and 299 (5%) offenders had new sex crime convictions. Cox’s relative risks and competing risks models estimated the influence of registration status on risk of sexual recidivism while controlling for time at risk. Registration status did not predict recidivism in any model. These results cast doubt on the effectiveness of broad SORN policies in preventing repeat sexual assault. Policy implications, particularly with respect to the federal Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act, which requires broad notification, are discussed.
STUDIES OF ELECTROKINETIC CONVERSIONS IN A FLUID-SATURATED POROUS MEDIUM

The electrokinetic effect in a fluid-saturated porous rock is defined as the coupling and conversion between seismic and electric energies. When seismic waves propagate through a fluid-saturated formation and cause a pore fluid-flow relative to the solid matrix, the motion of the cations in the fluidflow forms a streaming electrical current and induces an electromagnetic wave at any discontinuous interface of the formation or stationary electric potential inside the homogeneous formation. Another conversion of energies opposite to the seismoelectric conversion is when an alternating electric field induces a relative fluid-flow in a fluid-saturated porous rock where fluid-flow can generate an electroseismic wave in the rock. In this paper we study the electrokinetics in porous sandstone and man-made porous models at high frequencies. A P-wave or S-wave transducer excites different acoustic wave modes in a cylinder, layer, or borehole model. Our experiments observe and record the radial or stationary seismoelectric signals induced at the interface or inside the formation. Some relative experiments have confirmed the reliability of the electrokinetic phenomenon observed in our experiments and the mechanism that is different from the piezoelectric effect. The results show that the seismoelectric signal induced by the extensional or flexural wave in the sandstone cylinder is a stationary local electric potential. The seismoelectric signal induced at the interface of the layer model is an electromagnetic wave which can be received within the fluid-filled porous medium. Experimental measurements performed in a borehole model by means of vertical seismic profiling (VSP) and single borehole logging show it is possible to conduct seismoelectric measurements in a deep borehole of petroleum formation. Measurements of electrokinetics can thus provide an effective means for estimating parameters in a fluid-saturated porous formation.
Everyday Memory in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: Fragmentary and Distorted.

BACKGROUND Errors of omission are an established hallmark of memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Much less is known about other memory errors in AD such as false memories. OBJECTIVE We investigated false memories in healthy elderly controls (HC; n = 23) and patients with AD (n = 20) using real-life tasks of watching news and commercials. METHODS Participants received a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and were shown original news and commercials with a subsequent recognition task to assess veridical and false memories. RESULTS Subjective estimate of the number of errors were alike in HC and patients with AD. However, memory performance in both the news and the commercials task was significantly worse in patients with AD. Trail-Making Test and Symbol-Span Test were significant predictors of false memories on viewing news and commercials. In patients with AD, levels of Aβ1 - 42, but not levels of tau-protein were correlated with false memories in both tasks. CONCLUSIONS Everyday life in patients with AD is impeded not due to the incompleteness of memory but also due to its distortions. Furthermore, it is hindered by the lack of awareness towards these deficits. False memory content in patients with AD is associated with Aβ42 levels in the CSF as a surrogate of the overall extent to which the brain has been affected by AD pathology. Future studies will need to address the impact of this duality of memory failure on everyday life of patients with AD and their proxies in greater detail.
Globalization, Factor Endowments and Scale-Invariant Growth

The paper develops a two-country dynamic general-equilibrium model of growth without scale effects to explore the effects of globalization on long-run growth and wages. Higher quality products are endogenously discovered through stochastic and sequential global innovation contests in which challengers devote resources to R&D and technology leaders undertake rent-protection activities (RPAs) to prolong the expected duration of temporary monopoly power by frustrating the R&D effort of challengers. Globalization (i.e., a move from autarky to an integrated trading equilibrium) for two countries with identical relative factor abundance and possible differences in size does not affect the long-run growth rate of either country. However, the country that is abundant in the factor used intensively in the production of R&D services grows faster in autarky. Moreover, factor prices (adjusted for quality) and national long-run growth rates converge and are eventually equalized. Depending on international per-capita differences in factor abundance, the model also generates intra-sectoral trade, vertical and horizontal multinationals, and international outsourcing of services (R&D investment or RPAs). The growth effects of globalization between countries with different relative factor endowments are larger for smaller countries.
Adaptive sliding mode control design for a class of uncertain singularly perturbed nonlinear systems

This paper addresses adaptive sliding mode control (ASMC) of uncertain singularly perturbed nonlinear (USPN) systems with guaranteed H∞ control performance. First, we use Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy model to construct the USPN systems. Then, the sliding surface can be determined via linear matrix inequality (LMI) design procedure. Second, we propose neural network (NN)-based ASMC design to stabilise the USPN systems. The proposed methods are based on the Lyapunov stability theorem. The adaptive law can reduce the effect of uncertainty. The proposed NN-based ASMC will stabilise the USPN systems for all ϵ ∈ (0, ϵ*]. Simulation result reveals that the proposed NN-based ASMC scheme has better convergence time compared with the fuzzy control scheme (Li, T.-H.S., & Lin, K.J. (2004). Stabilization of singularly perturbed fuzzy systems, IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, 12, 579–595. ).
Column Generation for Transmission Switching of Electricity Networks with Unit Commitment

This paper presents the problem of finding the minimum cost dispatch and commitment of power generation units in a transmission network with active switching. We use the term active switching to denote the use of switches to optimize network topology in an operational context. We propose a Dantzig-Wolfe reformulation and a novel column generation framework to solve the problem efficiently. Preliminary res ults are presented for the IEEE-118 bus network with 19 generator units. Active switching is shown to reduce total cost by up to 15 % for a particular 24-hour period. Furthermore, the need for generator startups is reduced by 1. Instances with limited switching, some of which are intractable for commercial solvers, are shown to solve to optimality in reasonable time.
Reverse epidemiology of blood pressure in dialysis patients.

Agarwal implies that the paradoxicalassociations found between higher blood pressure (BP)values and better survival are limited to prevalent dialy-sis patients [1]. We recently studied a 15-month cohort of40,933 hemodialysis patients and found that high predial-ysis systolic BP conferred survival advantages even afteradjustment for dialysis vintage categories, among others[2]. Shoji et al showed that intradialysis hypotension andorthostatichypotensionafterhemodialysisaresigniﬁcantand independent factors affecting mortality in hemodial-ysis patients [3]. A recent study by Lopez-Gomez et alshowed that a high predialysis BP was frequently ob-servedinthosehemodialysispatientswhohadthehighestinterdialyticweightgain,increasedfoodintake,betternu-tritional status, and improved clinical outcome, includingbetter survival [4]. Hence, we caution against categoricdismissalofthereverseepidemiologyofBP,onlybecausethey appear counterintuitive based on observations fromthe general population. Indeed, the reverse epidemiol-ogy is not restricted to BP, but has also been observedwith regard to obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and hyper-homocysteinemia, among others [5]. Moreover, the reverse epidemiology is not restrictedto dialysis patients but may also exist in over 20 mil-lion Americans, including patients with heart failure,advanced age, malignancies, AIDS, and several otherchronic disease states [5]. Therefore, we believe thatthe reverse epidemiology phenomenon deserves a moreglobal and inclusive point of view. Further studies areneededtoexploremechanismsbehindsuchparadoxicas-sociations,andtoassesswhatBPrangeisthebestfordial-ysis patients. Examining methods to improve nutritionalstatus and inﬂammation in dialysis and other similar pa-tient populations may be a crucial step to that direction.
A structural model of science achievement and attitude : an extension to high school

A previous structural model of Walberg's theory of educational productivity (Reynolds & Walberg, 1991) was tested with a national probability sample of 2,535 10th graders for science achievement and attitude. Using data from the Longitudinal Study of American Youth, a 3-wave design incorporated information from students, teachers, and parents. Results indicated that a revised mediated-effects model fit the data best and accounted for substantial variance in Grade 11 science achievement (56%) and attitude (44%)
#Bieber + #Blast = #BieberBlast: Early Prediction of Popular Hashtag Compounds

Compounding of natural language units is a very common phenomena. In this paper, we show, for the first time, that Twitter hashtags which, could be considered as correlates of such linguistic units, undergo compounding. We identify reasons for this compounding and propose a prediction model that can identify with 77.07% accuracy if a pair of hashtags compounding in the near future (i.e., 2 months after compounding) shall become popular. At longer times T = 6, 10 months the accuracies are 77.52% and 79.13% respectively. This technique has strong implications to trending hashtag recommendation since newly formed hashtag compounds can be recommended early, even before the compounding has taken place. Further, humans can predict compounds with an overall accuracy of only 48.7% (treated as baseline). Notably, while humans can discriminate the relatively easier cases, the automatic framework is successful in classifying the relatively harder cases.
Types of cardiac defects in children with Down's syndrome

Sir, We thank Placidi, Digilio, and Marino for their interest in our work. Our findings concerning the principal association between patency of the arterial duct and Down’s syndrome in Guatemala are clearly in contrast with the classic epidemiologic reports, where atrioventricular septal defects with common atrioventricular junction, and ventricular septal defects, are the lesions most frequently observed in Caucasian1,2 and Asian3,4 populations with Down’s syndrome. Our data,5 nevertheless, is similar to that reported from other Latin-American countries. In Mexico,6 for example, patency of the arterial duct was also found to be the most frequently associated lesion in patients with Down’s syndrome. Our data is also in keeping with that from Mexico6 with regard to the frequency of ventricular and atrioventricular septal defects, which proved to be the second and the fourth most frequent isolated cardiac malformations in such patients. The cardiac phenotype is, indeed, the result of many genetic interactions and specific embryological mechanisms, especially in children with major genetic defects.7 Ethnic and geographic factors, nonetheless, may also influence the formation of these anomalies. Guatemala has close to 13 million inhabitants, of whom approximately nine-tenths are of Mayan descent and Ladinos, while the remaining one-tenth of the population is made up of minority racial groups, such as Whites, Garifunas, and Xincas. About two-fifths of the population is extremely poor, earning less than 2 United States dollars each day, and have very limited access to medical care. In our paediatric cardiac surgical unit, two-thirds of children with congenital cardiac malformations, including those with Down’s syndrome, also suffered from chronic malnutrition. Furthermore, two-thirds of the patients also live at least 1500 metres above sea level.5 Conceivably, all these ethnic-geographic factors may also contribute to explain the different frequency of associated cardiac malformations seen in our population with Down’s syndrome. Further genetic studies are clearly essential to explain the encountered differences in cardiac phenotype in the various geographic populations with Down’s syndrome.
Sleeping or Active Partners?

The article is based on a newly conducted survey of Danish party members. It shows that Danish party members enrol because of the ideology and national policies of the preferred party, and because they want to support the party. A significant number of members leave their party every year, and as many as one-fifth consider leaving, but new members also enrol. Compared to voters, members are not gender and age representative, but are to some extent representative when it comes to education. Members vary in levels of and types of activities they engage in, ranging from those who only pay dues to a small elite of very active members. Parties as channels of participation are characterized by both vitality and lethargy.
CREATING COOPERATION FOR CLUSTERS ? LESSONS FROM THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A PARTICIPATORY POLICY EVALUATION PROCESS

Cluster policy is an economic policy instrument that has been extended across the world since Michael Porter began to promote it in the context of his various works on the competitiveness of territories. These policies have „soft‟ roots in that they are oriented towards building cooperative relationships of a systemic nature, bringing together different economic, social and institutional effects. Their premise on a combination of proximity and cooperation makes them particularly relevant tools for regional policy. However there remain significant theoretical and empirical questions around their rationale and effectiveness. In particular, insufficient attention is often given to the underlying context in which cluster policies are implemented (Sternberg et al., 2010). This paper contributes to the debate on the significance of cluster context by drawing lessons from a participatory policy evaluation process focussed explicitly on measuring and improving the actual state of cluster cooperation.
The Quality of Working Life in Western and Eastern Europe

There has been increasing concern during the last decade to improve the quality of working life in Europe. Many industries are seeking to improve both working conditions and job satisfaction for their employees. The Quality of Working Life examines the issues raised by quality-of-working-life experiments, explores pioneer work done in Europe, and highlights specific developments in both Western and Eastern European countries.
Fake iris detection based on 3D structure of iris pattern

A new fake iris detection method based on 3D feature of iris pattern is proposed. In pervious researches, they did not consider 3D structure of iris pattern, but only used 2D features of iris image. However, in our method, by using four near infra‐red (NIR) illuminators attached on the left and right sides of iris camera, we could obtain the iris image in which the 3D structure of iris pattern could be shown distinctively. Based on that, we could determine the live or fake iris by wavelet analysis of the 3D feature of iris pattern. Experimental result showed that the Equal Error Rate (EER) of determining the live or fake iris was 0.33%. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 20, 162–166, 2010
Rapid and Near Real-Time Assessments of Population Displacement Using Mobile Phone Data Following Disasters: The 2015 Nepal Earthquake

Introduction: Sudden impact disasters often result in the displacement of large numbers of people. These movements can occur prior to events, due to early warning messages, or take place post-event due to damages to shelters and livelihoods as well as a result of long-term reconstruction efforts. Displaced populations are especially vulnerable and often in need of support. However, timely and accurate data on the numbers and destinations of displaced populations are extremely challenging to collect across temporal and spatial scales, especially in the aftermath of disasters. Mobile phone call detail records were shown to be a valid data source for estimates of population movements after the 2010 Haiti earthquake, but their potential to provide near real-time ongoing measurements of population displacements immediately after a natural disaster has not been demonstrated. Methods: A computational architecture and analytical capacity were rapidly deployed within nine days of the Nepal earthquake of 25th April 2015, to provide spatiotemporally detailed estimates of population displacements from call detail records based on movements of 12 million de-identified mobile phones users. Results: Analysis shows the evolution of population mobility patterns after the earthquake and the patterns of return to affected areas, at a high level of detail. Particularly notable is the movement of an estimated 390,000 people above normal from the Kathmandu valley after the earthquake, with most people moving to surrounding areas and the highly-populated areas in the central southern area of Nepal. Discussion: This analysis provides an unprecedented level of information about human movement after a natural disaster, provided within a very short timeframe after the earthquake occurred. The patterns revealed using this method are almost impossible to find through other methods, and are of great interest to humanitarian agencies.
Development of the longitudinal projection patterns of lumbar primary sensory afferents in the chicken embryo

The literature on the anatomical organization of primary sensory afferents, though extensive, contains relatively little information about the longitudinal extent of the central collateral projections. Our understanding of intersegmental sensorimotor integration in the spinal cord and of the developmental mechanisms that establish its underlying circuitry could be significantly enhanced by a more complete description of these projections. To address this issue from a developmental perspective, we labeled the central projections of lumbar primary afferents in fixed preparations of the chicken embryo with the lipophilic tracer DiI. At late embryonic stages, the afferent projections had the following characteristics: Primary afferents originating from a single lumbar dorsal root ganglion bifurcated to project longitudinally in the dorsal funiculus or Lissauer's tract. Dorsal funiculus axons extended up to seven segments caudally and to at least ten segments rostrally, whereas axons in Lissauer's tract extended up to seven segments in each direction. Collaterals branched off the longitudinal axons over a range of about seven segments in each direction. Within this range, collaterals to specific terminal fields exhibited more restricted ranges.
Acinetobacter Endocarditis Presenting as a Large Right Atrial Mass: An Atypical Presentation

This paper discusses a 26‐year‐old woman with end‐stage renal disease on hemodialysis and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus‐baumannii complex endocarditis. The patient had an indwelling right internal jugular catheter that was probably the nidus of infection. Transthoracic echocardiogram revealed an atypical presentation of the endocarditis as a large intracardiac mass, measuring in centimeters and occupying more than 50% of the right atrial cavity. The mass was attached to the lateral wall of the right atrium without valvular involvement. The patient was treated with prompt removal of the indwelling catheter, intravenous antibiotics, and surgical resection of the mass with an uneventful recovery. A literature search for cases of “Acinetobacter endocarditis” reveals this as the first case reported of Acinetobacter endocarditis presenting in this manner. (Echocardiography 2010;27:E39‐E42)