Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with dietary supplement use by people who exercise at gyms

OBJECTIVE To assess the factors associated with the use of dietary supplements by people who exercise at gyms. METHODS A cross-sectional study with a sample defined by convenience, considering the number of gyms registered in the Conselho Regional de Educação Física (Regional Council of Physical Education) of Sao Luis, MA, Northeastern Brazil, from July 2011 to July 2012. The final sample comprised 723 individuals who exercise at gyms. The dependent variable was supplement use, and the explanatory variables were length of time and motivation of the physical exercises, duration, goal and self-perception of training, weekly frequency of gym attendance, sex, age, educational attainment, self-perception of body weight, smoking and self-perception of diet. The association between variables was analysed by hierarchical Poisson regression based on a theoretical model. RESULTS Supplement use was reported by 64.7% of the participants. Most of the sample was male (52.6%). The most frequent age group was 20 to 39 years (74.4%). Most participants (46.1%) had been exercising for over a year. The following variables were associated with supplement use: self-perceiving body weight as below ideal (p < 0.001), smoking (p < 0.001), exercising for 7 to 12 months (p = 0.028) or more than one year (p < 0.001), spending more than two hours at the gym (p = 0.051), and perceiving training as moderate (p = 0.024) or intense (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The use of supplements lacks proper professional guidance, being motivated by individuals unsatisfied with their low body weight and who perceive their workout as intense, which raises the need for monitoring this population.
Influence of Calcium Hydroxide Dissolution on the Transport Properties of Hydrated Cement Systems | NIST

Calcium hydroxide is one of the main reaction products resulting from the hydration of Portland cement with water. It is also one of the more soluble phases found in hydrated cement systems. The influence of calcium hydroxide dissolution and its effect on the diffusion properties of hydrated cement pastes were investigated using the NIST CEMHYD3D cement hydration and microstructure development model. The results of these simulations were implemented in another numerical model called STADIUM. This latter model can be used to predict the transport of ions in unsaturated porous systems. Numerical simulations clearly indicate that calcium hydroxide dissolution contributes to a marked increase in the porosity of the hydrated ceme1l.t paste. This increase in porosity has a detrimental influence on the material transport properties. The results yielded by the numerical simulations are in good agreement with data of calcium leaching experiments performed in deionized water.
The Effects of Familiarity Design on the Adoption of Wellness Games by the Elderly

The elderly often struggle when interacting with technologies. This is because the software and hardware components of the technologies are not familiar to the elderly's mental model. This is a lack of empirical studies about how the concept of familiarity can be infused into the design of interactive technology systems to bridge the digital divide preventing today's elderly people from actively engaging with such technologies. In this paper, we investigate the impact of familiarity in design on the adoption of wellness games for the elderly. We propose a familiarity design framework with three familiarity design elements: 1) symbolic familiarity, 2) cultural familiarity, and 3) actionable familiarity. We then conduct a focused group study involving 10 people over 65 years old to experience two wellnesses games - one with familiarity based design considerations and one without. The results shows that familiarity in design improves the perceived satisfaction and adoption likelihood significantly among the elderly users. These results can potentially benefit intelligent interface agent designed to interact with elderly users.
Managerialism: an ideal type

ABSTRACT Managerialism pervades the higher education literature in much the same way it is said to have pervaded universities themselves. Yet, despite its ubiquity and importance, managerialism remains an under-theorized and elusive concept that has multiple definitions and blurred boundaries. This article addresses this lack of conceptual clarity by first ‘locating’ managerialism in relation to the cognate concepts of neoliberalism and New Public Management and then elucidating its core principles in an ideal-type theoretical model. This ideal type provides a focal point for theoretical debate and critique and, via the development of empirical indicators for each ideological tenet, permits comparison of theory with organizational practice. A worked example is provided of how the model was used to shed light on the nature of managerialism as ideology in a university setting. However, it is anticipated that the model should have explanatory power and utility in a range of organizational contexts.
Teenage partner violence : young people's views on awareness, prevention, intervention and regaining one's sense of wellbeing

Violence and abuse between partners in teenage intimate relationships has been increasingly recognised as a prevalent but hidden issue that can impact negatively on wellbeing and future life chances. Whilst most existing research has focused on the prevalence, impact and risk factors for teenage partner violence (TPV), or on the evaluation of prevention education programmes, the current study sought to gain young people’s own views on what they thought could be helpful with regard to awareness, prevention, intervention and regaining a sense of wellbeing following the experience of an unhealthy relationship. Data were gathered through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Participants included 310 mainstream school pupils aged 14-18, including 161 girls and 149 boys, and 4 women from a domestic violence prevention organization. A thematic analysis of the findings resulted in four over-arching themes that encompassed several sub-themes. Participants felt there needed to be increased awareness and understanding of TPV amongst adults and YP themselves; there should be greater access to relevant, regular and interactive education and information; there should be opportunities to talk to someone; and there should be opportunities and support to build self-esteem. The findings have implications for the approach taken towards TPV in schools and it is suggested that educational psychologists may be well placed to share relevant information with teachers, YP and parents.
City Research Online

Design diversity has been used for many years now as a means of achieving a degree of fault tolerance in software-based systems. Whilst there is clear evidence that the approach can be expected to deliver some increase in reliability compared with a single version, there is not agreement about the extent of this. More importantly, it remains difficult to evaluate exactly how reliable a particular diverse fault-tolerant system is. This difficulty arises because assumptions of independence of failures between different versions have been shown not to be tenable: assessment of the actual level of dependence present is therefore needed, and this is hard. In this tutorial we survey the modelling issues here, with an emphasis upon the impact these have upon the problem of assessing the reliability of fault tolerant systems. The intended audience is one of designers, assessors and project managers with only a basic knowledge of probabilities, as well as reliability experts without detailed knowledge of software, who seek an introduction to the probabilistic issues in decisions about design diversity.
A Survey of Data Mining Clustering Algorithms

is a technique used in data mining that groups similar objects into one cluster, while dissimilar objects are grouped into different clusters. The clustering techniques can be categorized into partitioning methods, hierarchical methods, density-based methods and grid-based methods. The different partitioning methods studied here are k-means and k- medoids. The different hierarchical techniques studied here are BIRCH and CHAMELEON. The different grid-based techniques which are described are DBSCAN and DENCLUE. Lastly, the different techniques which are used in grid-based technique, like STING and CLIQUE are described. This paper aims to provide a brief overview and comparison of these different clustering algorithms and methods.
Multivariate prediction of major adverse cardiac events after 9914 percutaneous coronary interventions in the north west of England

Objective: To develop a multivariate prediction model for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) by using the North West Quality Improvement Programme in Cardiac Interventions (NWQIP) PCI Registry. Setting: All NHS centres undertaking adult PCIs in north west England. Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on 9914 consecutive patients undergoing adult PCI between 1 August 2001 and 31 December 2003. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was undertaken, with the forward stepwise technique, to identify independent risk factors for MACE. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit statistic were calculated to assess the performance and calibration of the model, respectively. The statistical model was internally validated by using the technique of bootstrap resampling. Main outcome measures: MACE, which were in-hospital mortality, Q wave myocardial infarction, emergency coronary artery bypass graft surgery, and cerebrovascular accidents. Results: Independent variables identified with an increased risk of developing MACE were advanced age, female sex, cerebrovascular disease, cardiogenic shock, priority, and treatment of the left main stem or graft lesions during PCI. The ROC curve for the predicted probability of MACE was 0.76, indicating a good discrimination power. The prediction equation was well calibrated, predicting well at all levels of risk. Bootstrapping showed that estimates were stable. Conclusions: A contemporaneous multivariate prediction model for MACE after PCI was developed. The NWQIP tool allows calculation of the risk of MACE permitting meaningful risk adjusted comparisons of performance between hospitals and operators.
Ventral Striatal Activity Correlates with Memory Confidence for Old- and New-Responses in a Difficult Recognition Test

Activity in the ventral striatum has frequently been associated with retrieval success, i.e., it is higher for hits than correct rejections. Based on the prominent role of the ventral striatum in the reward circuit, its activity has been interpreted to reflect the higher subjective value of hits compared to correct rejections in standard recognition tests. This hypothesis was supported by a recent study showing that ventral striatal activity is higher for correct rejections than hits when the value of rejections is increased by external incentives. These findings imply that the striatal response during recognition is context-sensitive and modulated by the adaptive significance of “oldness” or “newness” to the current goals. The present study is based on the idea that not only external incentives, but also other deviations from standard recognition tests which affect the subjective value of specific response types should modulate striatal activity. Therefore, we explored ventral striatal activity in an unusually difficult recognition test that was characterized by low levels of confidence and accuracy. Based on the human uncertainty aversion, in such a recognition context, the subjective value of all high confident decisions is expected to be higher than usual, i.e., also rejecting items with high certainty is deemed rewarding. In an accompanying behavioural experiment, participants rated the pleasantness of each recognition response. As hypothesized, ventral striatal activity correlated in the current unusually difficult recognition test not only with retrieval success, but also with confidence. Moreover, participants indicated that they were more satisfied by higher confidence in addition to perceived oldness of an item. Taken together, the results are in line with the hypothesis that ventral striatal activity during recognition codes the subjective value of different response types that is modulated by the context of the recognition test.
Simulating Grid Schedulers with Deadlines and Co- Allocation

One of the true challenges in resource management in grids is to provide support for co-allocation, that is, the allocation of resources in multiples autonomous subsystems of a grid to single jobs. With reservation-based local schedulers, a grid scheduler can reserve processors with these schedulers to achieve simultaneous processor availability. However, with queuing-based local schedulers, it is much more difficult to guarantee this. In this paper we present mechanisms and policies for working around the lack of reservation mechanisms for jobs with deadlines that require co-allocation, and simulations of these mechanisms and policies.
Policies for Widening Participation and Success Factors in Portuguese Higher Education

Portugal’s body of higher education students has progressively expanded, and opportunities for graduate certification at this level have multiplied. This paper advances factors that may provide a differentiated explanation of successful paths in higher education. It gives a first-hand account of the recent dynamics of participation in higher education in Portugal within the Bologna Process and uses institutional statistics to compare some of its most relevant characteristics with the European framework as a whole. Secondly, we used an extensive survey of Portuguese higher education students to identify factors potentially involved in successful paths and conducted a multiple logistic binary regression. The resulting model therefore included not only social and educational characteristics and backgrounds but also previous school trajectories, attendance of educational institutions and everyday practices. It identified key factors for success in academic careers by reference to a specific policy context and attendance of higher education. Our definition of these factors (dimensions of analysis) was based on the proposals of Tinto (2006; 1997) and Pinto (2002), using the variables available in that survey. Our results point to the relevance of institutional and educational dimensions as differentiated contexts of significance in different academic paths.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Operation and Degradation in Short‐Circuit

Hybridization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and ultra capacitors (UC) are considered as an alternative way to implement high autonomy, high dynamic, and reversible energy sources. PEMFC allow high efficiency and high autonomy, however their dynamic response is limited and this source does not allow recovering energy. UC appears to be a complementary source to fuel cell systems (FCS) due to their high power density, fast dynamics, and reversibility. A direct hybridization of these sources could allow reducing the number of power converters and then the total cost of the hybridized system. Simulations show the behavior of the hybrid source when the fuel cell and ultra capacitors are interconnected and the natural energy management when a charge is connected. The results show that the magnitude of the transient current supplied by the fuel cell to charge the UC can be much higher than its nominal value. An experimental setup is implemented to study the effects of these high currents in a PEMFC. This is done by imposing a controlled short‐circuit between the electrodes. The PEMFC degradation is quantified by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
A Few Observations on Health Service for Immigrants at a Primary Health Care Centre

Objective. Icelandic society is rapidly changing, from being an ethnically homogeneous population towards a multicultural immigrant society. In the hope of optimizing the service for immigrants at the health care centre, we decided to evaluate health care utilization by immigrants. Methods. As a case control study we invited all immigrants that attended the health care centre during a two-week period to participate. Paired controls of Icelanders were invited for comparison. Results. There were 57 immigrants, 48 females and 9 males, from 27 countries. Significantly more of the immigrant women were married, P < 0.001. Interpreters were needed in 21% of the consultations. The immigrants often attended the clinic and had the same diagnoses as did the nonimmigrants. The immigrants evaluated the quality of the service in Iceland as 4.3 and the service in their homeland as 1.68, P < 0.001. Conclusion. Immigrants attending a health care centre in Iceland came from all over the world, had the same diagnoses, and attended the clinic as often per annum as the nonimmigrants. Only one-fifth of them needed translators. The health and health care utilization of immigrants were similar to those of nonimmigrants.
PR ] 2 6 Ju n 20 09 A RECURSIVE PROOF OF ALDOUS ’ SPECTRAL GAP

Aldous' spectral gap conjecture asserts that on any graph the random walk process and the random transposition (or interchange) process have the same spectral gap. We prove the conjecture using a recursive strategy. The approach is a natural extension of the method already used to prove the validity of the conjecture on trees. The novelty is an idea based on electric network reduction, which reduces the problem to the proof of an explicit inequality for a random transposition operator involving both positive and negative rates. The proof of the latter inequality uses suitable coset decompositions of the associated matrices on permutations. Aldous' conjecture concerns the spectral gap, a quantity that plays an important role in the analysis of the convergence to equilibrium of reversible Markov chains. We begin by reviewing some well known facts about Markov chains and their spectral gaps. For details we refer to [2]. 1.1. Finite state, continuous time Markov chains. Let us consider a continuous time Markov chain Z = (Z t) t 0 with finite state space S and transition rates (q i,j : i = j ∈ S) such that q i,j 0. We will always assume that the Markov chain is irreducible and satisfies q i,j = q j,i for all i = j. Such a Markov chain is reversible with respect to the uniform distribution ν on S, which is the unique stationary distribution of the chain. The infin-itesimal generator L of the Markov chain is defined by Lg(i) = j∈S q i,j (g(j) − g(i)) ,
Delayed secondary glucocorticoid responsiveness of MYOC in human trabecular meshwork cells.

PURPOSE To characterize the glucocorticoid responsiveness of the glaucoma gene MYOC (myocilin/TIGR) in cultured human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. METHODS MYOC expression in two independently derived human TM cell lines was quantified by Western immunoblot analysis of protein levels and quantitative PCR analysis of mRNA levels. Promoter activity was measured indirectly with the luciferase reporter gene in a dual luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Application of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex) to cultured TM cells at 100 nM resulted in a delayed (8-16 hours) induction of myocilin. The concentration dependence (median effective concentration [EC(50)], approximately 10 nM) and reversal by the glucocorticoid antagonist, RU486, implicates the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). In an interesting observation, RU486 alone acted as a partial agonist to MYOC expression. Treatment of TM cells with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide abolished the Dex induction, suggesting an indirect effect of the GR on MYOC expression. In addition, the RNA synthesis inhibitor actinomycin D also blocked Dex induction, indicating that the Dex effect was due to increased MYOC transcription. Analysis of up to 2700 nucleotides (nt) of the MYOC gene 5'-flanking region in luciferase reporter constructs showed no Dex induction, despite the presence of multiple putative glucocorticoid response element (GRE)-like half-sites in the MYOC promoter and the presence of an intact cellular GR-mediated signaling system. CONCLUSIONS MYOC is a delayed secondary glucocorticoid-responsive gene. Characterization of the transcription factors that mediate the secondary response will shed new light on the pathophysiology of steroid-induced ocular hypertension and glaucoma.
Query Order and Self-Specifying Machines

We study the computational power of machines that specify their own acceptance types, and we show that they accept exactly the languages in R_m^{#P}(NP). We study the effect of query order on computational power, and show that P^{BH_j[1]:BH_k[1]}---the languages computable via a polynomial-time machine given one query to the $j$th level of the boolean hierarchy followed by one query to the $k$th level of the boolean hierarchy---equals R^p_{j+2k--1-tt}(NP) if $j$ is even and $k$ is odd, and equals R^p_{j+2k-tt} otherwise. Thus, unless the polynomial hierarchy collapses, it holds that for each 1 \leq j \leq k: P^{BH_j[1]:BH_k[1]} = P^{BH_k[1]:BH_j[1]} \Longleftrightarrow (j=k) \vee (j is even \wedge k = j+1). We extend our analysis to apply to more general query classes.
The Long Walk to Quality Teacher Education in Indonesia: Student Teachers’ Motives to become a Teacher and Policy Implications

The purpose of this mixed methods study, within the altruistic, intrinsic, or extrinsic motives framework, was conducted in order to document the motives of English as a foreign language (EFL) student teachers to become a teacher by choosing a teacher education program at one public university in Jambi, Sumatra, Indonesia. A sample of 285 student teachers who were enrolled at EFL teacher education program at one public university in Jambi, Sumatra, Indonesia was investigated. Data were collected through a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The frequency of each statement was computed and expressed as percentage of its total score and all of the interview data were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and carefully analysed. The findings of this study revealed that the Indonesian EFL student teachers’ interpretations of their motives for embarking on a journey to become a teacher were unique. Altruistic motives seemed to be predominant; the kinds of motives on their career choice were likely to involve an interaction among altruistic, intrinsic, and extrinsic motives across participants quantitatively and qualitatively. Implications policies to create good standards of teacher education programs in order to attract and recruit quality student teachers should be made before, during, and after entering the program.