Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The 2013 Lushan earthquake: Implications for seismic hazards posed by the Range Front blind thrust in the Sichuan Basin, China

Thrust and reverse faults pose significant earthquake hazards in convergent plate margins around the world, but have proven difficult to study given the complex nature of their ruptures, which often involve multiple along-strike and vertically stacked fault segments. The 2013 Mw 6.6 Lushan earthquake exemplified this complexity, rupturing a blind thrust fault in the southern Longmen Shan, which border the western Sichuan Basin in China. This event occurred 80 km south of the epicenter of the destructive 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. The Wenchuan earthquake produced surface ruptures on two parallel fault splays, the Pengguan and Beichuan faults. In contrast, the Lushan earthquake was generated by a ramp in the Range Front blind thrust (RFBT), which is in the footwall of the Wenchuan rupture. We use seismic reflection profiles, petroleum wells, and relocated seismicity to construct a three-dimensional model of this imbricated fault system. Our model illustrates that the 2013 Lushan earthquake ruptured <10% of the RFBT, which extends for 250 km along the Longmen Shan range front and into the western Sichuan Basin. Analysis of growth strata in structures above the RFBT fault along strike shows clear evidence of Quaternary activity and constrains the middle Pleistocene to current slip rate at two locations on the fault. Single segment and multisegment fault rupture scenarios involving the RFBT suggest the potential for large earthquakes (M7.8) that would affect the densely populated western Sichuan Basin. Assessing the hazards posed by such complex thrust systems, which occur in convergent margins worldwide, requires subsurface characterization of fault segments that can be independently associated with geologic and seismologic evidence of fault activity.
The Postglacial record of environmental history from Lago di Pergusa, Sicily

Lacustrine sedimients from Lago di Pergusa in central Sicily provide a Postglacial record of environmental change in the Mediterranean. Magnetic susceptibility measurements, lithofacies characterization and pollen analysis were carried out anid integrated to obtain a better reconstruction of the past 11000 years. The chronoogy is provided by AMS radiocarbon dates on macrofossils or bulk sediment, and by a tephra correlative with a late-Holocene explosion from the Etna volcano. The transition period related to the present interglacial reafforestation, characterized by increasing humidity, started about 10700 years BP. The onset of the wettest conditions of the Postglacial occurred at about 9000 years BP and lasted until about 7200 years BP. Then a trend towards aridification began. leading to very dry conditions at about 3000 years BP. An unquestionable human impact on vegetation is found from 2800 years BP, although earlier land use cannot be excluded. As the climate had already induced change in the vegetation, the well-known human occupancy during the last three millennia did not produce strong effects on the environment.
Using a Wikipedia-based Semantic Relatedness Measure for Document Clustering

A graph-based distance between Wikipedia articles is defined using a random walk model, which estimates visiting probability (VP) between articles using two types of links: hyperlinks and lexical similarity relations. The VP to and from a set of articles is then computed, and approximations are proposed to make tractable the computation of semantic relatedness between every two texts in a large data set. The model is applied to document clustering on the 20 Newsgroups data set. Precision and recall are improved in comparison with previous textual distance algorithms.
Quality Management in Crowdsourcing using Gold Judges Behavior

Crowdsourcing relevance labels has become an accepted practice for the evaluation of IR systems, where the task of constructing a test collection is distributed over large populations of unknown users with widely varied skills and motivations. Typical methods to check and ensure the quality of the crowd's output is to inject work tasks with known answers (gold tasks) on which workers' performance can be measured. However, gold tasks are expensive to create and have limited application. A more recent trend is to monitor the workers' interactions during a task and estimate their work quality based on their behavior. In this paper, we show that without gold behavior signals that reflect trusted interaction patterns, classifiers can perform poorly, especially for complex tasks, which can lead to high quality crowd workers getting blocked while poorly performing workers remain undetected. Through a series of crowdsourcing experiments, we compare the behaviors of trained professional judges and crowd workers and then use the trained judges' behavior signals as gold behavior to train a classifier to detect poorly performing crowd workers. Our experiments show that classification accuracy almost doubles in some tasks with the use of gold behavior data.
Nursing Students’ Attitudes Toward Research-Development: DoesTaking Research Course Make a Difference?

Objectives: To compare awareness of and attitudes to research and participation in research activities between nursing students taking a nursing research course and those not taking the course. Methods: A quantitative descriptive-comparative study was conducted in a nursing department of a university in Aegean Region in Turkey between 16 November and 11 December 2015. Totally 860 students were enrolled the study. Of the 380 students took a research course, and 480 did not take course agreed to participate. No sample selection was performed. The participation rate was 60% (n:522). Results: The mean age of the students was 20.72±0.95 years, 86.3% of the students were female (n=451). More than half (63.4%) of the students taking a research course and 34.5% of the nurses not taking it reported that they participated in a scientific meetings. A significantly higher rate of the students taking the course participated in scientific meetings (χ2=43.12, p=.000), involvement in a research activity (χ2= 6.55, p=.001), participated in research as a subject (χ2=5.90, p=.019) and collected data on behalf of a researcher (χ2=5.99, p=.016). The students taking the course got the total mean score 121.49±7.30 for the scale and the mean item score 4.19±0.53. Those not taking the course got the mean total score 120.25±6.6 for the scale and the mean item score 4.14±0.54. The former group of the students received higher scores for awareness of and attitudes to research without a significant difference (U=3.219; p:0.33). Conclusions: Both groups of the students are similar in terms of their awareness of and attitudes to research and advances in nursing. However, a higher rate of the students taking a research course actively contributed to research by joining scientific meetings and research activities and collecting data for another researcher’s study.
Attentional bias in high- and low-anxious individuals: Evidence for threat-induced effects on engagement and disengagement

Attentional bias to threatening visual stimuli (words or pictures) is commonly present in anxious individuals, but not in non-anxious people. There is evidence to show that attentional bias to threat can be induced in all individuals when threat is imposed by threat not of symbolic nature, but by cues that predict aversive stimulation (loud noise or electric shock). However, it is not known whether attentional bias in such situations is still influenced by individual differences in anxiety. This question was addressed in two experiments using a spatial cuing task in which visual cues predicted the occurrence of an aversive event consisting of a loud human scream. Speeded attentional engagement to threat cues was positively correlated with trait anxiety in Experiment 1. Experiment 2 showed that speeded attentional engagement was present only in participants selected for high anxiety but not in low-anxious participants. In both experiments, slower disengagement from threat cues was found in all participants, irrespective of their trait anxiety levels.
Parental substance use disorder, mediating variables and adolescent drug use: a non-recursive model.

AIMS To develop and test a non-recursive model that examines the effects of parental psychoactive substance use disorder (PSUD) on the reciprocal relationships among stressful life events, family attachment, peer drug use and adolescent drug use. DESIGN A 3-year prospective cohort study followed adolescents from three types of families defined by a parental diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder. SETTING A large metropolitan area in the upper Midwestern United States. PARTICIPANTS Seven hundred and seventy-seven 10-16-year-old adolescents from three groups of families: 214 who resided in families in which a parent was diagnosed with PSUD, 181 who resided in families in which a parent was diagnosed with an affective disorder (but no co-morbid PSUD), and 382 who resided in families in which both parents were free of any diagnosable disorder. MEASUREMENTS Psychiatric disorder was defined by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID). Two follow-up interviews of adolescent respondents were used to measure stressful life events via the Junior High Life Experiences Survey, family attachment via FACES-III and a child-parent strain index, peer drug use, and two self-reported drug use scales designed to measure past-year alcohol use and illicit drug use (e.g. marijuana, cocaine, inhalants). FINDINGS Nested structural equation models with latent variables revealed that adolescents from PSUD families were at heightened risk of stressful life events, peer drug use, attenuated family attachments and drug use during the first follow-up period. In turn, peer drug use was strongly associated with drug use during the second follow-up period. However, drug use during the first follow-up also led to greater peer drug use and attenuated family attachment during the second follow-up period. The findings support a non-recursive model describing relations among adolescent drug use, peer drug use and family attachment. CONCLUSIONS Parental psychoactive substance use disorder puts adolescents at significant risk of becoming embedded in a cycle of drug use, associations with drug using peers, and poor family relations.
Underlying particle spectrum of Mkn 421 during the huge X-ray flare in April 2013

Context. In April 2013, the nearby TeV blazar, Mkn 421, showed one of the largest flares in X-rays in the past decade. Aims. We study all multiwavelength data available during MJD 56 392 to 56 403, with special emphasis on X-ray data to understand the underlying particle energy distribution. Methods. We studied the correlations between the UV and gamma-ray bands with the X-ray band using the z-transformed discrete correlation function. We modelled the underlying particle energy spectrum with a single population of electrons emitting synchrotron radiation, and statistically fitted the simultaneous time-resolved data from Swift-XRT and NuSTAR. Results. The flux varied rapidly in the X-ray band, with a minimum doubling timescale of 1.69 ± 0.13 h. There were no corresponding flares in UV and gamma-ray bands. The variability in UV and gamma rays was relatively modest with ~8% and ~16%, respectively, and no significant correlation was found with the X-ray light curve. The observed X-ray spectrum shows a clear curvature that can be fit by a log parabolic spectral form. This is best explained as originating from a log parabolic electron spectrum. However, a broken power law or a power law with an exponentially falling electron distribution cannot be ruled out either. Moreover, the excellent broadband spectrum from 0.3–79 keV allows us to make predictions of the UV flux. We find that this prediction is compatible with the observed flux during the low state in X-rays. However, during the X-ray flares, depending on the adopted model, the predicted flux is a factor of 2–50 lower than the observed one. This suggests that the X-ray flares are probably caused by a separate population that does not contribute significantly to the radiation at lower energies. Alternatively, the underlying particle spectrum can be much more complex than those explored in this work.
Gamma-glutamyltransferase activity and development of the metabolic syndrome (International Diabetes Federation Definition) in middle-aged men and women: Data from the Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (DESIR) cohort.

OBJECTIVE Among hepatic enzymes, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is the main predictor of type 2 diabetes incidence, although it has not been shown that GGT predicts pre-diabetes states. Our aim was to study the association of GGT with the development of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed the 3-year data from the Data from Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome prospective cohort of 1,656 men and 1,889 women without MetS at baseline, according to the International Diabetes Federation definition. RESULTS Over 3 years, 309 participants developed the MetS. After adjustment for age, alcohol intake, physical activity, smoking habits, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), the odds ratios for incident MetS increased across baseline GGT quartiles (1, 1.96, 2.25, and 3.81 in men, P < 0.03; and 1, 1.23, 1.80, and 1.58 in women, P < 0.05). After additional adjustment for insulin resistance markers (fasting insulin or homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index), the association was attenuated and the linear relation no longer significant in both sexes (P = 0.08, P = 0.16). However, men in the highest in comparison to the lowest quartile of GGT retained a significant risk for incident MetS. In women, there was no longer a significant risk. GGT was significantly associated with the 3-year incidence of individual components of the MetS. The incidence of the MetS also increased with ALT, but after adjustment on GGT this association remained significant only in women. CONCLUSIONS GGT, a predictor of type 2 diabetes, was associated with a risk of incident MetS. This association was mainly related with insulin resistance but was independent of other confounding factors.
[Expectant therapy versus curettage for retained products of conception after second trimester termination of pregnancy: analysis of outcomes and complications].

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prognosis and complications of expectant therapy and curettage for retained product of conception (RPOC) after second trimester termination of pregnancy (TOP). METHODS A total of 270 patients with RPOC following second trimester TOP in Nanfang Hospital between January, 2014 and December, 2015 were included in this study. The duration of vaginal bleeding time and menstruation recovery interval were compared between patients receiving expectant therapy and curettage for RPOC, and binary logistic regression was used to assess the risk factors for complications in bivariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS The duration of vaginal bleeding time was significantly longer in expectant therapy group than in curettage group (P=0.005), while the menstruation recovery interval did not differ significantly between the two groups. The incidence of vaginal bleeding time for over 42 days was significantly higher in curettage group than in expectant therapy group (P=0.040), and the incidence of a menstruation recovery interval beyond 60 days was comparable between them. The incidence of complications was significantly higher in curettage group than in expectant therapy group either with adjustment of age, gravidity, parity, history of uterine surgery status, gestational age, type of indications, regimens for TOP and induction-abortion interval (OR=18.26 [95% CI: 3.57-93.42], P<0.001) or without adjustment (OR=10.60, [95% CI: 2.36-47.66], P=0.002). CONCLUSION Expectant therapy and curettage for RPOC after second trimester TOP have comparable prognosis, but curettage is associated with a significantly higher rate of complications.
Improvement of MODIS aerosol retrievals near clouds

The retrieval of aerosol properties near clouds from reflected sunlight is challenging. Sunlight reflected from clouds can effectively enhance the reflectance in nearby clear regions. Ignoring cloud 3‐D radiative effects can lead to large biases in aerosol retrievals, risking an incorrect interpretation of satellite observations on aerosol‐cloud interaction. Earlier, we developed a simple model to compute the cloud‐induced clear‐sky radiance enhancement that is due to radiative interaction between boundary layer clouds and the molecular layer above. This paper focuses on the application and implementation of the correction algorithm. This is the first time that this method is being applied to a full Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) granule. The process of the correction includes converting Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System broadband flux to visible narrowband flux, computing the clear‐sky radiance enhancement, and retrieving aerosol properties. We find that the correction leads to smaller values in aerosol optical depth (AOD), Ångström exponent, and the small mode aerosol fraction of the total AOD. It also makes the average aerosol particle size larger near clouds than far away from clouds, which is more realistic than the opposite behavior observed in operational retrievals. We discuss issues in the current correction method as well as our plans to validate the algorithm.
Perfiles y percepciones de género en violencia escolar

This research study analyzes the differences, based on gender, of adolescents in a sample of 1 st and 2 nd year of Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO). Two types of violence are compared: reactive and instrumental violence (RV-IV). The main objective was to determine the influence of gender bias in tolerance of such violent behavior, according to the gender of the person assaulted. The research sample evaluated consisted of 771 students in 1 st -2 nd year of ESO from 5 state secondary schools in the Community of Madrid (CAM). The work carried out focused mainly on quantitative analysis on data from the questionnaire “Reactive and Instrumental Violence and its Relationship with the Self-control in Adolescents”. The results show the need to overcome stereotypes and gender biases in school violence, to increase the effectiveness of prevention and response to violence, as well as to improve daily classroom climate.
A Min-Cover Approach for Finding Salient Curves

We consider the problem of deriving a global interpretation of an image in terms of a small set of smooth curves. The problem is posed using a statistical model for images with multiple curves. Besides having important applications to edge detection and grouping the curve finding task is a special case of a more general problem, where we want to explain the whole image in terms of a small set of objects. We describe a novel approach for estimating the content of scenes with multiple objects using a min-cover framework that is simple and powerful. The min-cover problem is NP-hard but there is a good approximation algorithm that sequentially selects objects minimizing a "cost per pixel" measure. In the case of curve detection we use a type of best-first search to quickly find good curves for the covering algorithm. The method integrates image data over long curves without relying on binary feature detection. We have applied the curve detection method for finding object boundaries in natural scenes and measured its performance using the Berkeley segmentation dataset.
Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Albert Institute for Bladder Cancer Research Symposium

The Third Annual Albert Institute Bladder Symposium was held on September 8–10th, 2016, in Denver Colorado. Participants discussed several critical topics in the field of bladder cancer: 1) Best practices for tissue analysis and use to optimize correlative studies, 2) Modeling bladder cancer to facilitate understanding and innovation, 3) Targeted therapies for bladder cancer, 4) Tumor phylogeny in bladder cancer, 5) New Innovations in bladder cancer diagnostics. Our understanding of and approach to treating urothelial carcinoma is undergoing rapid advancement. Preclinical models of bladder cancer have been leveraged to increase our basic and mechanistic understanding of the disease. With the approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma, the treatment approach for these patients has quickly changed. In this light, molecularly-defined subtypes of bladder cancer and appropriate pre-clinical models are now essential to the further advancement and appropriate application of these therapeutic improvements. The optimal collection and processing of clinical urothelial carcinoma tissues samples will also be critical in the development of predictive biomarkers for therapeutic selection. Technological advances in other areas including optimal imaging technologies and micro/nanotechnologies are being applied to bladder cancer, especially in the localized setting, and hold the potential for translational impact in the treatment of bladder cancer patients. Taken together, advances in several basic science and clinical areas are now converging in bladder cancer. These developments hold the promise of shaping and improving the clinical care of those with the disease.
A Possible Correlation between the Gaseous Drag Strength and Resonant Planetesimals in Planetary Systems

We study the migration and resonant capture of planetesimals in a planetary system consisting of a gaseous disk analogous to the primordial solar nebula and a Neptune-like planet. Using a simple treatment of the drag force, we find that planetesimals are mainly trapped in the 3 : 2 and 2 : 1 resonances and that the resonant populations are correlated with the gaseous drag strength in a sense that the 3 : 2 resonant population increases with the stronger gaseous drag, but the 2 : 1 resonant population does not. Since planetesimals can lead to the formation of larger bodies similar to asteroids and Kuiper Belt objects, the gaseous drag can play an important role in the configuration of a planetary system.
Growth-rate-dependent adjustment of ribosome function in chemostat-grown cells of the fungus Mucor racemosus

The dimorphic fungus Mucor racemosus was grown as a yeast in a chemostat. Cellular growth rates were varied over a fourfold range under an atmosphere of N2 and over an eightfold range under CO2. Under either atmosphere, an increase in the cellular growth rate resulted in increases in (i) the cellular ribosome concentration, (ii) the percentage of ribosomes active in protein synthesis, and (iii) the rate of polypeptide chain elongation. The rate of protein synthesis in this organism can therefore be regulated by adjustment of all of these mechanisms.
Transplantation of urokinase‐type plasminogen activator gene‐modified bone marrow‐derived liver stem cells reduces liver fibrosis in rats

Bone marrow‐derived liver stem cells (BDLSCs) are very robust cells that can differentiate into liver epithelial cells. These stem cells are promising targets for gene therapy treatment of liver diseases. Liver fibrosis results from chronic liver damage characterized by an accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and levels of urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA) play an important role in ECM degradation. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of uPA gene‐modified BDLSC transplantation on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced liver fibrosis in rats.