Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic and psychosocial predictors of interleukin-6 in the MIDUS national sample.

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether psychosocial factors (i.e., depression, anxiety, and well-being) moderated educational gradients in interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels using data from the Survey of Midlife Development in the U.S. (MIDUS). The influences of educational attainment and psychosocial factors on IL-6 in middle aged and older adults were also examined. DESIGN Telephone interviews and mail surveys were utilized to collect educational attainment and psychosocial information from respondents (N = 1028). Respondents also participated in an overnight clinic visit, during which health information and a fasting blood sample were obtained. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum levels of IL-6. RESULTS Greater educational attainment predicted lower levels of IL-6 independent of age and gender, although this effect was attenuated after taking health behaviors, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and chronic illnesses into account. Psychological well-being interacted with education to predict IL-6, such that for those with less education, higher well-being was associated with lower levels of IL-6. CONCLUSION The findings indicate a strong association between education and inflammation, which can be further moderated by psychosocial factors. The health benefits associated with psychological well-being were particularly evident for individuals with low educational attainment.
Letters to the Editor: A Feedback Opportunity Turned into a Marketing Tool

Letters to the editor are valuable tools improving feedback procedures for traditional print media, placing topics that occupy the public at large on the public agenda. In this article, the results of research on selection procedures and editing practices in Flemish newsrooms are presented. In addition to content analysis of published letters in several Flemish newspapers and in-depth interviews of the editors-in-chief, the study includes some qualitative, innovative and creative research techniques. In an attempt to analyse objectively the selection procedures, the researcher wrote more than 100 letters to the newspapers’ editorial offices. The outcome of this part of the study offers a thought-provoking insight into the selection criteria as well as the editing of the letters section.
A new view of the spin echo diffusive diffraction in porous structures

Analysis with the characteristic functional of stochastic motion is used to clarify details of the diffraction-like effect at the gradient spin echo measurement of self-diffusion in porous structures. This approach shows that the phase interference of spins rebounding at boundaries brings about the diffraction, when the mean displacement of scattered spins is equal to the phase grating caused by the applied magnetic field gradient. The diffraction patterns convey information about morphology of the surrounding media only at times long enough that boundaries restrict further spin displacements. The method explains the dependence of diffraction on the time and width of gradient pulses, as observed at the experiments and the simulations.
Complete Sequence of Enzootic Nasal Tumor Virus, a Retrovirus Associated with Transmissible Intranasal Tumors of Sheep

ABSTRACT The sequence of the complete genome of ovine enzootic nasal tumor virus, an exogenous retrovirus associated exclusively with contagious intranasal tumors of sheep, was determined. The genome is 7,434 nucleotides long and exhibits a genetic organization characteristic of type B and D oncoviruses. Enzootic nasal tumor virus is closely related to the Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus and to sheep endogenous retroviruses.
Predictors of Retention and Turnover Among Service Volunteer Workers

This study identifies predictors of retention and turnover among volunteers in three Israeli community centers. The entire service volunteer population was examined at two points in time with an interval of 6 months. At T2 a distinction was made between "stayers", "leavers for objective reasons" (uncontrollable turnover), and "leavers by choice" (controllable turnover). On the basis of their responses at T1, discriminant analysis was used to identify the specific personal, organizational and attitudinal variables which could distinguish the "stayers" (41) from the "leavers by choice" (35). In the combined analysis of all three categories of independent variables, one organizational (preparation for task) and three attitudinal variables (task achievement, relationship with the other volunteers, and the work itself) were identified as best discriminating between the two groups. The classification analysis found that these variables could better predict retention than turnover. The findings are compared to s.
UNIVERSAL CALABI–YAU ALGEBRA: CLASSIFICATION AND ENUMERATION OF FIBRATIONS

We apply a universal normal Calabi–Yau algebra to the construction and classification of compact complex n-dimensional spaces with SU(n) holonomy and their fibrations. This algebraic approach includes natural extensions of reflexive weight vectors to higher dimensions and a "dual" construction based on the Diophantine decomposition of invariant monomials. The latter provides recurrence formulas for the numbers of fibrations of Calabi–Yau spaces in arbitrary dimensions, which we exhibit explicitly for some Weierstrass and K3 examples.
Developing capabilities for social inclusion: engaging diversity through inclusive school communities

The effort to make schools more inclusive, together with the pressure to retain students until the end of secondary school, has greatly increased both the number and educational requirements of students enrolling in their local school. Of critical concern, despite years of research and improvements in policy, pedagogy and educational knowledge, is the enduring categorisation and marginalisation of students with diverse abilities. Research has shown that it can be difficult for schools to negotiate away from the pressure to categorise or diagnose such students, particularly those with challenging behaviour. In this paper, we highlight instances where some schools have responded to increasing diversity by developing new cultural practices to engage both staff and students; in some cases, they have responded to decreasing suspension while improving retention, behaviour and performance.
Epifaunal community structure associated with Riftia pachyptila aggregations in chemically different hydrothermal vent habitats

The vestimentiferan tubeworm Riftia pachyptila (Polychaeta: Sibloglinidae) often domi- nates early succession stages and high productivity habitats at low-temperature hydrothermal vents on the East Pacific Rise. We collected 8 aggregations of R. pachyptila and the associated epifaunal community at 2 discrete sites of diffuse hydrothermal activity, in December 2001 and December 2002. Because of the high spatial and temporal variability of the biotic and abiotic factors related to hydro- thermal vent activity, significant differences in the structure and the composition of the community were expected to occur at the scale of either 1 yr or 500 m distance between very different sites. There was no significant difference in the temperature ranges of the diffuse flow between sites or years, even though the environmental conditions were very different at the 2 sites. At 1 site (Riftia Field), the dif- fuse hydrothermal fluids had relatively low concentrations of sulfide, low pH, and high concentrations of iron. At the other site (Tica), the diffuse hydrothermal fluids had higher sulfide concentrations, the pH was closer to neutral, and iron was undetectable. The physiological condition of R. pachyptila ap- peared to reflect the availability of sulfide at each site. However, the structure and the composition of the epifaunal community were remarkably similar between sites and years, with the exception of a few species. Aggregations of R. pachyptila support high local species diversity relative to the surrounding seafloor and high community similarity in different hydrothermal vent habitats.
Garage sales make good neighbors : Building community through neighborhood sales

This article explores the community-building potential of neighborhood garage sales, focusing on case examples in suburban developments and city block sales, and contrasting them with student housing, town/rural, and cooperative sales. Under the auspices of attracting more shoppers and making some extra money by cleaning out unneeded goods, neighborhood sales get residents out of their dwellings and mingling among themselves, sometimes for the first time. Some neighborhood sales have been organized expressly for the purpose of getting the neighbors to know one another in areas undergoing transition. They provide a positive means to combat a perceived “decline of community” in the United States today, developing both bonding and binding social capital. The most successful sales for community building occur in neighborhoods that have: houses relatively close together with a high density of sales to facilitate walking; few other community integrating activities; capable organizers with a vision of community;.
Migration Perspectives in Social Work Research: Local, National and International Contexts

Within social work, it is often assumed that migration is a signifier for social deprivation; however, closer examination of migrant populations in different European countries reveals tremendous heterogeneity. For example, recent migration patterns in Germany, Switzerland and the UK show that inward migration is characterised also by highly qualified migrant peoples. Against this background, the question arises as to what are the relevant issues which make migration a question for social work and what subjects should be addressed in social work research? This paper begins with conceptual considerations on the complexity of migration. Examining examples of social work research into migration, children and young people in the English and German languages from a cross-national systematic review, undertaken by the authors and spanning 2000–13, the authors identify the main foci of social work migration research thus far. Findings from the selected studies demonstrate a paucity and generality of social work research into migration and that the predominant focus is migration as a challenge for certain groups of migrant peoples, such as people seeking refuge or asylum. The authors argue that changes to practices in social work migration research, incorporating local, regional and international perspectives, are needed
AUTHORITY HIERARCHIES AT WORK:

This study investigates whether and how sex and race affect access to and rewards for job authority, using 1980 survey data for 1,216 employed workers. The authors examine whether, net of human-capital characteristics, sex and race affect access to and compensation for job authority. In addition, the authors examine whether the translation of credentials into authority and earnings varies depending on workers' sex or race.
When program notes don’t help: Music descriptions and enjoyment

The widespread practice of including program notes for classical concerts assumes that extramusical information affects musical experience, but the psychological mechanisms underlying this process are little understood. In this study, 16 people without formal musical training heard excerpts from Beethoven String Quartets prefaced by either a dramatic description, a structural description, or no description. They were asked to rate their enjoyment of the music, and in a later stage, to recall excerpts and descriptions. Results showed a significant negative effect of description, suggesting that prefacing an excerpt with a text description reduces enjoyment of the music. In a second experiment, 11 new participants heard the same excerpts in the different description conditions, and were not asked to rate enjoyment until a second stage of the study. Results followed the same pattern as those in the first experiment, but did not rise to the level of significance. Conceptualizing listening by connecting it to .
Lost in translation: Bringing Hirschman's concept of voice back into the spirit of capitalism

Abstract The New Spirit of Capitalism relied heavily upon the theory of organizational decline and the concepts of exit and voice developed by Albert O. Hirschman in his seminal essay, Exit, Voice, and Loyalty from 1970. As a result, capitalism and its spirit were thought within an organizational paradigm. However, the integration of Hirschman's theory was not unproblematic, since voice was excluded from the level of organizations, resulting in a failure to account for internal critique. By revisiting Hirschman's theory, the context in which it developed, and by juxtaposing this with the theory of The New Spirit of Capitalism, it is argued that the spatial metaphors of ‘inside’ and ‘outside’ of capitalism should be revised, along with a revision of the analogy between capitalism and an organization. Ultimately, critique always comes from ‘within’.
Brachyury and SMAD signalling collaboratively orchestrate distinct mesoderm and endoderm gene regulatory networks in differentiating human embryonic stem cells

The transcription factor brachyury (T, BRA) is one of the first markers of gastrulation and lineage specification in vertebrates. Despite its wide use and importance in stem cell and developmental biology, its functional genomic targets in human cells are largely unknown. Here, we use differentiating human embryonic stem cells to study the role of BRA in activin A-induced endoderm and BMP4-induced mesoderm progenitors. We show that BRA has distinct genome-wide binding landscapes in these two cell populations, and that BRA interacts and collaborates with SMAD1 or SMAD2/3 signalling to regulate the expression of its target genes in a cell-specific manner. Importantly, by manipulating the levels of BRA in cells exposed to different signalling environments, we demonstrate that BRA is essential for mesoderm but not for endoderm formation. Together, our data illuminate the function of BRA in the context of human embryonic development and show that the regulatory role of BRA is context dependent. Our study reinforces the importance of analysing the functions of a transcription factor in different cellular and signalling environments. Summary: In differentiating hESCs, BRACHYURY has cell type-specific targets and functions: it acts with SMAD1 to promote mesoderm specification, while in the endoderm it interacts with SMAD2/3.
The Abandonment of an Active Lifestyle Within University Students: Reasons for Abandonment and Expectations of Re-Engagement

The objective of this research is to analyse in detail the barriers that make university students abandon the practice of physical activity and adopt a sedentary lifestyle. In order to do so, a questionnaire on the analysis of sports habits and lifestyles was administered to 795 students who stated not having done any physical and/or sports activity for at least one year at the moment of the field-work. A factorial, descriptive and correlation analysis was carried out. The results reveal that university students abandon a healthy lifestyle mainly due to external barriers particularly because of lack of time. On the one hand, women appear to be the ones who, to a great extent, adopt a sedentary lifestyle. On the other hand, men are the ones who refer more to abandoning the practice of physical activity due to internal barriers. The majority of the university students gave up practicing sport before entering university alluding to external barriers as their reason for the abandonment. A greater part of the sedentary university students expressing that they will be active in the future, left the practice of sport due to internal barriers.
When multiple identities compete: The role of centrality in self‐brand connections

The currentresearchprovidesa framework forunderstanding howcentralityimpactspeople’schoiceof brands andrelated brand connectedness. Motivated by the need to validate their self-image, individuals use brands to express and confirm their identities. The authors hypothesize that greater centrality of the identity to the self strengthens the connectedness an individual has for brands with value-expressive properties. Three studies using experimental designs examined whether people whose identity is central to their self-conception leads to stronger self-brand connectedness than peripheral identities. In study 1, the results showed that people whose shopping identity was central (versus peripheral) to their self-concept led to stronger self-brand connections. Study 2 replicated the findings of study 1 employing brand symbolism as a moderator. Brands high in symbolic properties led to stronger brand connections for an individual’s central identities compared with their peripheral identities. Study 3 replicated the influence of centrality on brand choice and self-brand connections by generalizing this effect toreference group identities. Collectively, the studies provide evidence that individuals integrate brand associations into their self-concept on the basis of both the centrality of the identity and the level of symbolism the brands holds for an identity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relation between Trust Attitudes Toward Automation, Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions, and Big Five Personality Traits

Automation has been widely used in interactions with smartphones, computers, and other machinery in recent decades. Studies have shown that inappropriate reliance on automation can lead to unexpected and even catastrophic results. Trust is conceived as an intervening variable between user intention and actions involving reliance on automation. It is generally believed that trust is dynamic and an individual’s culture or personality may influence automation use through changes in trust. To better understand how cultural and individual differences may affect a person’s trust and resulting behaviors, the present study examined the effects of cultural characteristics and personality traits on reported trust in automation in U.S., Taiwanese and Turkish populations. The results showed individual differences significantly affected human trust in automation across the three cultures.
Diagnostic problems in thyroid FNAs

The use of FNA cytology to diagnose pathologic conditions of the thyroid has increased considerably in recent years, particularly since it has reduced by half the number of patients undergoing surgery. On the one hand, this diagnostic technique has attracted a certain amount of well justified criticism, but on the other, recent cytohistologic correlations and new scientific knowledge are continually improving its application. We shall discuss the latter aspect in more detail and deal with some simple but informative points which the pathologist may find useful in daily practice. Diagn. Cytopathol. 1997;17:422–428. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Teacher Practices and Middle‐school Science Achievements

We report on the construction and application on an instrument entitled the “Science Achievement Influences Survey” to assess combined effects of student attitudes about science, peer interaction, and home support, and the frequency of student‐centred and teacher‐centred instructional practices on student achievement. Controlling for pre‐test content knowledge, results indicated that student‐centred teaching practices have a positive association with student achievement (p < .01; i.e., group experiments) and a negative association with teacher‐centred teaching practices (p < .01; i.e., copying notes). Additionally, student attitudes about science were positively associated with student‐centred teaching practices (p < .01) and negatively associated with teacher‐centred teaching practices (p < .01). Most significantly, this study documents the predicted gains in science achievement associated with frequency of specific instructional practices used by middle‐school science teachers. Especially noteworthy and significant is the finding that near‐daily implementation of group experiments and reduction of extensive note‐copying during class yield the greatest positive impact on student achievement. Outside of school, peer interaction and home support were not significantly associated (p > .05) with student achievement. The student sample included 611 middle‐school science students with a wide range of socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds.
Can chronic myeloid leukaemia in children and adolescents be successfully treated without haematopoietic stem cell transplant? A single centre experience

We analysed the long‐term outcome of 35 children and adolescents (<20 years at diagnosis) with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) in chronic phase: 20 patients had received interferon‐alpha and/or tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and 15 underwent a haematopoietic stem cell transplant. The 10‐year survival probabilities were similar in transplanted and non‐transplanted patients (73·3% vs. 72·1%, respectively), whereas the survival probability was significantly lower in patients diagnosed before 1999 compared to those diagnosed afterwards (62·1% vs. 100%, P = 0·0384). The availability of TKIs and the standardized molecular monitoring have significantly improved treatment, management and outcome in children and adolescents with CML.
PROCESSES OF OPINION CHANGE

Attitude and opinion data provide a basis for inferring the meaning of opinions held by individuals and groups and also for predictions about their future behavior. Such inferences and predictions, if they are to be made effectively, require a theoretical foundation which explains the processes by which people adopt and express particular opinions. Here is a theory of three processes by which persons respond to social influence. Herbert C. Kelman is Lecturer on Social Psychology at Harvard University. Currently, he is spending the year at the Institute for Social Research in Oslo and devoting part of his time to a further study of the effects of a year's sojourn in the United States on the self-images of Scandinavian students. His theoretical and experimental work during the past eight years on the problems reported in this article will be published in a forthcoming book, an early draft of which was awarded the Socio-Psychological Prize of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1956.