Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effets de la fragmentation forestiere sur les interactions plantes-animaux : consequences pour la regeneration vegetale

La fragmentation en milieu forestier tropical induit une reduction de la taille des populations, puis in fine une perte de diversite biologique. Il est en general predit une perte d'especes animales forestieres en faveur de la persistance d'especes opportunistes et resistantes, ainsi qu'une limitation de la quantite de ressources vegetales disponibles. Ces changements modifient la dynamique preexistante dans l'ecosysteme, et en particulier influencent les interactions entre organismes. Dans cette etude, nous avons cherche a mettre en evidence comment l'alteration des relations plantes-animaux en milieu fragmente, et en particulier entre plantes et rongeurs, pouvait en retour entrainer des consequences pour la regeneration vegetale. Ce travail a ete realise en guyane francaise, a la station de saint-eugene, ou la foret a ete fragmentee par la mise en eau d'un barrage hydroelectrique en 1994, et a la station biologique des nouragues, situee en foret non perturbee. Malgre le declin de richesse specifique en mammiferes observee a saint-eugene apres fragmentation de l'habitat, la principale espece de gros rongeurs disperseurs de graines (l'agouti) est toujours presente sur la plupart des fragments. Certainement grace a elle, la dispersion des graines par les rongeurs est conservee en situation insulaire, permettant en particulier le maintien du recrutement de plantules de vouacapoua americana a distance des pieds porteurs. Par ailleurs, nos resultats ont mis en evidence que les relations graines-rongeurs sont affectees par la communaute des ressources disponibles dans le milieu, par la taille des populations d'agoutis, et la taille des populations de l'espece vegetale consideree ; mais aucun de ces facteurs ne semble etre affecte de facon previsible par la fragmentation. En revanche, les relations graines-rongeurs sont dependantes de la structure de l'habitat, elle-meme affectee par la fragmentation en raison des effets de lisiere et d'echantillonnage.
Development of and Field Test Results for the CAHPS PCMH Survey

Objective:To develop and evaluate survey questions that assess processes of care relevant to Patient-Centered Medical Homes (PCMHs). Research Design:We convened expert panels, reviewed evidence on effective care practices and existing surveys, elicited broad public input, and conducted cognitive interviews and a field test to develop items relevant to PCMHs that could be added to the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS®) Clinician & Group (CG-CAHPS) 1.0 Survey. Surveys were tested using a 2-contact mail protocol in 10 adults and 33 pediatric practices (both private and community health centers) in Massachusetts. A total of 4875 completed surveys were received (overall response rate of 25%). Analyses:We calculated the rate of valid responses for each item. We conducted exploratory factor analyses and estimated item-to-total correlations, individual and site-level reliability, and correlations among proposed multi-item composites. Results:Ten items in 4 new domains (Comprehensiveness, Information, Self-Management Support, and Shared Decision-Making) and 4 items in 2 existing domains (Access and Coordination of Care) were selected to be supplemental items to be used in conjunction with the adult CG-CAHPS 1.0 Survey. For the child version, 4 items in each of 2 new domains (Information and Self-Management Support) and 5 items in existing domains (Access, Comprehensiveness-Prevention, Coordination of Care) were selected. Conclusions:This study provides support for the reliability and validity of new items to supplement the CG-CAHPS 1.0 Survey to assess aspects of primary care that are important attributes of PCMHs.
The Life Cycle Model of Consumption and Saving

The life-cycle model is the standard framework which economists use to think about the intertemporal allocation of time, money and effort. The model suggests that households should `smooth' expenditures. One of the strengths of the model is that it provides a single framework which integrates allocation at many different frequencies. Accordingly, we provide an assesment of the life- cycle model by re-examining the empirical evidence for smoothing (1) within the year, (2)at year-to-year or business cycle frequencies, (3) over the working life, and (4) across the stages of life, such as working into retirement. We conclude that although unresolved challenges remain, the model has had many more successes than failures. We provide some calculations that show that where deviations from the model's predictions have been detected, they imply very small welfare costs for households. Moreover, economists are really just beginning systematic application of general theory models to microdata. Thus it is much too early to abandon the life-cycle model.
Neuroticism as a common dimension in the internalizing disorders

Background Several theories have posited a common internalizing factor to help account for the relationship between mood and anxiety disorders. These disorders are often co-morbid and strongly covary. Other theories and data suggest that personality traits may account, at least in part, for co-morbidity between depression and anxiety. The present study examined the relationship between neuroticism and an internalizing dimension common to mood and anxiety disorders. Method A sample of ethnically diverse adolescents (n=621) completed self-report and peer-report measures of neuroticism. Participants also completed the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). Results Structural equation modeling showed that a single internalizing factor was common to lifetime diagnosis of mood and anxiety disorders, and this internalizing factor was strongly correlated with neuroticism. Neuroticism had a stronger correlation with an internalizing factor (r=0.98) than with a substance use factor (r=0.29). Therefore, neuroticism showed both convergent and discriminant validity. Conclusions These results provide further evidence that neuroticism is a necessary factor in structural theories of mood and anxiety disorders. In this study, the correlation between internalizing psychopathology and neuroticism approached 1.0, suggesting that neuroticism may be the core of internalizing psychopathology. Future studies are needed to examine this possibility in other populations, and to replicate our findings.
Transplantation of multipotent progenitors from the adult olfactory epithelium

MAMMALIAN olfactory epithelium produces new neurons rapidly throughout adulthood. Here, we demonstrate that precursor cells harvested from the adult olfactory epithelium, when transplanted into the nasal mucosa of host rats exposed previously to an olfactotoxic gas, engraft and participate in neuroepithelial reconstitution. In contrast to their normal neuronal fate in situ, grafted precursors harvested from bulbectomized donors produced non-neuronal cells as well as neurons. These results demonstrate that epithelial precursors activated following olfactory bulbectomy are not irreversibly committed to making neurons. Thus, olfactory progenitors are subject to a form of feedback control in vivo that regulates the types of cells that they produce within a broader-than-neuronal repertoire.
Etnomatematika pada Kebudayaan Rumah Adat Ogan Komering Ulu Sumatera Selatan

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kajian pendidikan matematika yang berhubungan dengan etnomatematika pada rumah adat ogan Komering Ulu di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Seperti halnya dengan kota-kota besar di Indonesia yang mempunyai budaya beragam, Ogan Komering Ulu mempunyai ragam kekayaan sejarah dan budaya yang sangat menakjubkan. Salah satu peninggalan tersebut adalah arsitektur tradisional rumah ogan komering ulu. Beberapa rumah tradisional tersebut telah berumur lebih dari 50 tahun serta menyimpan nilai sejarah, budaya dan arsitektur yang belum sepenuhnya terungkap dengan jelas. Rumah ogan komering ulu mempunyai bangunan tipe spesifik yaitu limas, kemudian ada beberapa motif hiasan rumah atau ukiran yang berbentuk geometri. Kata kunci: etnomatematika, rumah adat, geometri. ABSTRACT This is a literature study of mathematics education related to ethnomatematics in traditional house of Komering Ulu in southern sumatera province. Like the other big cities in indonesia that have diverse culture, Ogan Komering Ulu also has an incredible variety of historical and cultural riches. One such relic is the traditional architecture of the house ogan komering ulu. Some of the traditional houses are over 50 years old and store historical, cultural and architectural values that have not been fully revealed. Rumah ogan komering ulu has a specific type of building that is pyramid, then there are some motifs of home decoration or engraving in the form of geometry. Keywords: ethnomatematics, traditional houses, geometry.
A review of recent analyses of the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (CIS).

INTRODUCTION The objective of this analysis is to identify, assess the quality and summarize the findings of peer-reviewed articles that used data from the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (CIS) published since November 2011 and data from provincial oversamples of the CIS as well as to illustrate evolving uses of these datasets. METHODS Articles were identified from the Public Health Agency of Canada's data request records tracking access to CIS data and publications produced from that data. At least two raters independently reviewed and appraised the quality of each article. RESULTS A total of 32 articles were included. Common strengths of articles included clearly stated research aims, appropriate control variables and analyses, sufficient sample sizes, appropriate conclusions and relevance to practice or policy. Common problem areas of articles included unclear definitions for variables and inclusion criteria of cases. Articles frequently measured the associations between maltreatment, child, caregiver, household and agency/referral characteristics and investigative outcomes such as opening cases for ongoing services and placement. CONCLUSION Articles using CIS data were rated positively on most quality indicators. Researchers have recently focussed on inadequately studied categories of maltreatment (exposure to intimate partner violence [IPV]), neglect and emotional maltreatment) and examined factors specific to First Nations children. Data from the CIS oversamples have been underutilized. The use of multivariate analysis techniques has increased.
Bacterial community structures are unique and resilient in full-scale bioenergy systems

Anaerobic digestion is the most successful bioenergy technology worldwide with, at its core, undefined microbial communities that have poorly understood dynamics. Here, we investigated the relationships of bacterial community structure (>400,000 16S rRNA gene sequences for 112 samples) with function (i.e., bioreactor performance) and environment (i.e., operating conditions) in a yearlong monthly time series of nine full-scale bioreactor facilities treating brewery wastewater (>20,000 measurements). Each of the nine facilities had a unique community structure with an unprecedented level of stability. Using machine learning, we identified a small subset of operational taxonomic units (OTUs; 145 out of 4,962), which predicted the location of the facility of origin for almost every sample (96.4% accuracy). Of these 145 OTUs, syntrophic bacteria were systematically overrepresented, demonstrating that syntrophs rebounded following disturbances. This indicates that resilience, rather than dynamic competition, played an important role in maintaining the necessary syntrophic populations. In addition, we explained the observed phylogenetic differences between all samples on the basis of a subset of environmental gradients (using constrained ordination) and found stronger relationships between community structure and its function rather than its environment. These relationships were strongest for two performance variables—methanogenic activity and substrate removal efficiency—both of which were also affected by microbial ecology because these variables were correlated with community evenness (at any given time) and variability in phylogenetic structure (over time), respectively. Thus, we quantified relationships between community structure and function, which opens the door to engineer communities with superior functions.
Intra- and extracellular events in luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes

When polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and soluble or particulate matter interact, the cells produce chemiluminescence. Luminol-dependent light emission from PMNL is linked to the myeloperoxidase (MPO)-H2O2 system. Light emission from a cell-free MPO-H2O2 system was found to be totally inhibited by human serum albumin (HSA), and since HSA is a large molecular protein that does not readily gain access to intracellular sites of PMNL, it could be used to determine the importance of extra- and intracellular events in PMNL chemiluminescence. In studies with cells from an MPO-deficient patient, we found that HSA inhibited more than 90% of extracellularly produced chemiluminescence. The chemotactic peptide formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine induced a two-peak chemiluminescence response in normal PMNL, and addition of HSA reduced the first peak, whereas the second peak was unaffected. This result indicated that the first peak was a result of extracellular reactions and the second peak was a result of intracellular reactions of the MPO-H2O2 system. Most of the phorbol myristate acetate-induced response in normal PMNL was due to intracellular events. Furthermore, chemiluminescence of intracellular origin seems to be limited not by generation of oxidative metabolites but by diffusion of luminol into the cells.
Truncated Brush Border Myosin I Affects Membrane Traffic in Polarized Epithelial Cells

We investigate, in this study, the potential involvement of an acto‐myosin‐driven mechanism in endocytosis of polarized cells. We observed that depolymerization of actin filaments using latrunculin A decreases the rate of transferrin recycling to the basolateral plasma membrane of Caco‐2 cells, and increases its delivery to the apical plasma membrane. To analyze whether a myosin was involved in endocytosis, we produced, in this polarized cell line, truncated, non‐functional, brush border, myosin I proteins (BBMI) that we have previously demonstrated to have a dominant negative effect on endocytosis of unpolarized cells. These non‐functional proteins affect the rate of transferrin recycling and the rate of transepithelial transport of dipeptidyl‐peptidase IV from the basolateral plasma membrane to the apical plasma membrane. They modify the distribution of internalized endocytic tracers in apical multivesicular endosomes that are accessible to fluid phase tracers internalized from apical and basolateral plasma membrane domains. Altogether, these observations suggest that an acto‐myosin‐driven mechanism is involved in the trafficking of basolaterally internalized molecules to the apical plasma membrane.
Tactile Temporal Processing in the Auditory Cortex

Perception of the outside world results from integration of information simultaneously derived via multiple senses. Increasing evidence suggests that the neural underpinnings of multisensory integration extend into the early stages of sensory processing. In the present study, we investigated whether the superior temporal gyrus (STG), an auditory modality-specific area, is critical for processing tactile events. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied over the left STG and the left primary somatosensory cortex (SI) at different time intervals (60, 120, and 180 msec) during a tactile temporal discrimination task (Experiment 1) and a tactile spatial discrimination task (Experiment 2). Tactile temporal processing was disrupted when TMS was applied to SI at 60 msec after tactile presentation, confirming the modality specificity of this region. Crucially, TMS over STG also affected tactile temporal processing but at 180 msec delay. In both cases, the impairment was limited to the contralateral touches and was due to reduced perceptual sensitivity. In contrary, tactile spatial processing was impaired only by TMS over SI at 60–120 msec. These findings demonstrate the causal involvement of auditory areas in processing the duration of somatosensory events, suggesting that STG might play a supramodal role in temporal perception. Furthermore, the involvement of auditory cortex in somatosensory processing supports the view that multisensory integration occurs at an early stage of cortical processing.
Bidirectional Interactions between H-Channels and Na+–K+ Pumps in Mesencephalic Trigeminal Neurons

The Na+–K+ pump current (Ip) and the h-current (Ih) flowing through hyperpolarization-activated channels (h-channels) participate in generating the resting potential. These two currents are thought to be produced independently. We show here bidirectional interactions between Na+–K+ pumps and h-channels in mesencephalic trigeminal neurons. Activation of Ih leads to the generation of two types of ouabain-sensitive Ip with temporal profiles similar to those of instantaneous and slow components of Ih, presumably reflecting Na+ transients in a restricted cellular space. Moreover, the Ip activated by instantaneous Ih can facilitate the subsequent activation of slow Ih. Such counteractive and cooperative interactions were also disclosed by replacing extracellular Na+ with Li+, which is permeant through h-channels but does not stimulate the Na+–K+ pump as strongly as Na+ ions. These observations indicate that the interactions are bidirectional and mediated by Na+ ions. Also after substitution of extracellular Na+ with Li+, the tail Ih was reduced markedly despite an enhancement of Ih itself, attributable to a negative shift of the reversal potential for Ih presumably caused by intracellular accumulation of Li+ ions. This suggests the presence of a microdomain where the interactions can take place. Thus, the bidirectional interactions between Na+–K+ pumps and h-channels are likely to be mediated by Na+ microdomain. Consistent with these findings, hyperpolarization-activated and cyclic nucleotide-modulated subunits (HCN1/2) and the Na+–K+ pumpα3 isoform were colocalized in plasma membrane of mesencephalic trigeminal neurons having numerous spines.
Birth, survival and differentiation of neurons in an adult crustacean brain

Life‐long neurogenesis is a characteristic feature of many vertebrate and invertebrate species. In decapod crustaceans, new neurons are added throughout life to two cell clusters containing local (cluster 9) and projection (cluster 10) interneurons in the olfactory pathway. Adult‐born neurons in clusters 9 and 10 in crayfish have the anatomical properties and chemistry of mature neurons by 6 months after birth. Here we use 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation to pulse label mitotically active cells in these cell clusters, followed by a survival time of up to 8 months, during which crayfish (Cherax destructor) were sacrificed at intervals and the numbers of BrdU‐labeled cells quantified. We find a decrease in the numbers of BrdU‐labeled cells in cell cluster 10 between the first and second weeks following BrdU exposure, suggesting a period of cell death shortly after proliferation. Additional delayed cell divisions in both cell clusters are indicated by increases in labeled cells long after the BrdU clearing time. The differentiation time of these cells into neurons was defined by detection of the first immunoreactivity for the transmitter SIFamide in cluster 10 BrdU‐labeled cells, which begins at 4 weeks after BrdU labeling; the numbers of SIFamide‐labeled cells continues to increase over the following month. Experiments testing whether proliferation and survival of Cluster 10 cells are influenced by locomotor activity provided no evidence of a correlation between activity levels and cell proliferation, but suggest a strong influence of locomotor activity on cell survival. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 602–615, 2014
Regulation of Human Umbilical Artery Contractility By Different Serotonin and Histamine Receptors

We studied the role of several serotonin (5-HT) and histamine receptors in the regulation of human umbilical artery (HUA) contractility. Among the 5-HT agonists used, only the 5-HT 2A and 5HT1B/D agonists contracts HUA. The 5-HT-induced contractions were fully inhibited by ketanserin (5-HT2A antagonist). The 5-HT 7-activation also relaxes and increases intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Among the histamine receptor agonists, only betahistine (H1 agonist) induced significant contractile effect. Histamine-induced contraction was partially relaxed by pyrilamine (H1 antagonist). Betahistine-induced contraction was partially blocked by dimaprit (H 2 agonist) and by the H3 agonist when a low concentration of forskolin is present. Both, H2 and H3 agonists increased the cAMP intracellular levels in HUA smooth muscle. These findings show that in HUA, 5-HT2A- and 5-HT1B/1D-activation lead to vasoconstriction and 5-HT7-activation induces vasorelaxation. Concerning histamine receptors, H1-activation induces contraction and H2- and H3-activation lead to vasorelaxation.
Consistently large cosmic flows on scales of 100 h−1 Mpc: a challenge for the standard ΛCDM cosmology

The bulk flow, i.e. the dipole moment of the peculiar velocity field, is a sensitive probe of matter density fluctuations on very large scales. However, the peculiar velocity surveys for which the bulk flow has been calculated have non-uniform spatial distributions of tracers, so that the bulk flow estimated does not correspond to that of a simple volume such as a sphere. Thus bulk flow estimates are generally not strictly comparable between surveys, even those whose effective depths are similar. In addition, the sparseness of typical surveys can lead to aliasing of small-scale power into what is meant to be a probe of the largest scales. Here we introduce a new method of calculating bulk flow moments where velocities are weighted to give an optimal estimate of the bulk flow of an idealized survey, with the variance of the difference between the estimate and the actual flow being minimized. These 'minimum variance' estimates can be designed to estimate the bulk flow on a particular scale with minimal sensitivity to small-scale power, and are comparable between surveys. We compile all major peculiar velocity surveys and apply this new method to them. We find that most surveys we studied are highly consistent with each other. Taken together the data suggest that the bulk flow within a Gaussian window of radius 50 h -1 Mpc is 407 ± 81krn s -1 toward l = 287° ± 9°, b = 8° ± 6°. The large-scale bulk motion is consistent with predictions from the local density field. This indicates that there are significant density fluctuations on very large scales. A flow of this amplitude on such a large scale is not expected in the WMAP5 (Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe) normalized A cold dark matter cosmology, for which the predicted one-dimensional rms velocity is ∼110 km s -1 . The large amplitude of the observed bulk flow favours the upper values of the WMAP5 Ω m h 2 -σ 8 error-ellipse, but even the point at the top of the WMAP5 95 per cent confidence ellipse predicts a bulk flow which is too low compared to that observed at >98 per cent confidence level.