Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic force distribution during level walking under the feet of patients with chronic ankle instability

Objectives: To examine changes in the pattern of force transfer between the foot and the floor associated with chronically sprained ankles by measuring the peak forces and their timing under several regions of the feet during level walking. Methods: Twelve young male subjects (mean (SD) age 21 (2) years) with recurrent ankle sprains were studied. Seven of them had unilateral and bilateral chronic instability and laxity, and five had bilateral instability. Twelve healthy men (without orthopaedic or medical disease) served as a control group. Subjects walked at their own pace along a 7 m walkway, which included a Mini-EMED pressure distribution measuring system. The variables measured were relative peak force (fraction of body weight) and relative timing (fraction of stance time). These variables were measured under six regions of interest in each foot print: heel, midfoot, medial, central, and lateral forefoot, and toes. Results: (a) A significant delay to the time of peak force under the central and lateral forefoot and toes in subjects with chronic ankle instability. (b) A significant decrease in the relative forces under the heel and toes and an increase in the relative forces under the midfoot and lateral forefoot in subjects with chronic ankle instability. (c) In the patients with unilateral instability, there were no significant differences in any of the variables between the injured and non-injured foot. Conclusions: In patients with chronic ankle instability, there is a slowing down of weight transfer from heel strike to toe off, a reduced impact at the beginning and end of the stance phase, and a lateral shift of body weight.
Floware: Balanced Flow Monitoring in Software Defined Networks

OpenFlow is a protocol implementing Software Defined Networking, a new networking paradigm, which segregates packet forwarding and accounting (performed on switches) from the routing decisions and advanced protocols (executed on a central controller). This segregation increases agility and flexibility of a networking infrastructure and reduces its operational expenses. OpenFlow controllers expose standard interfaces to facilitate variety of networking applications. In particular, a monitoring application can use these interfaces to push into the OpenFlow switches rules that collect traffic flow statistics at different aggregation levels. The aggregation level determines the monitoring accuracy and the induced network overhead. In this paper, we propose Floware an OpenFlow application that allows discovery and monitoring of active flows at any required aggregation level. Floware balances the monitoring overhead among many switches in order to reduce its negative effect on network performance. In addition, Floware integrates with monitoring systems based on legacy protocols such as NetFlow. We demonstrate the application with soft switches emulated in Mininet, the Floodlight controller, and the NetFlow Analyzer as a legacy network analysis and intrusion detection system. Evaluation results demonstrate the positive impact of balanced monitoring.
Probing the subsurface of the Auckland Volcanic Field with ambient seismic noise

ABSTRACT Current understanding of the Auckland Volcanic Field is predominantly based on geological and geochemical observations from the surface. Low local seismicity hinders passive seismic imaging efforts, whereas strong shallow heterogeneity reduces the resolution and penetration of active seismic models. To overcome these difficulties, we have estimated crustal shear-wave velocity profiles beneath the Auckland Volcanic Field from the ocean-generated ambient seismic noise. Variations in seismic velocity in the shallow crust correlate with variations in surface geology. In addition, our results highlight a contrast between oceanic and continental features in the Auckland Volcanic Field. Velocity models associated with the Waipapa Terrane (relative juvenile continental crust) tend to show a mid-crustal low-velocity anomaly, whereas a monotonic increase in velocity is associated with including the oceanic rocks in the ophiolite belt of the Dun Mountain–Maitai Terrane.
Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma and Its Ligands in the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a multifunctional transcription factor with important regulatory roles in inflammation, cellular growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. PPARγ is expressed in a variety of immune cells as well as in numerous leukemias and lymphomas. Here, we review recent studies that provide new insights into the mechanisms by which PPARγ ligands influence hematological malignant cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Understanding the diverse properties of PPARγ ligands is crucial for the development of new therapeutic approaches for hematological malignancies.
Cellular origin of fibronectin in interspecies hybrid kidneys

The cellular origin of fibronectin in the kidney was studied in three experimental models. Immunohistochemical techniques that use cross- reacting or species-specific antibodies against mouse or chicken fibronectin were employed. In the first model studied, initially avascular mouse kidneys cultured on avian chorioallantoic membranes differentiate into epithelial kidney tubules and become vascularized by chorioallantoic vessels. Subsequently, hybrid glomeruli composed of mouse podocytes and avian endothelial-mesangial cells form. In immunohistochemical studies, cross-reacting antibodies to fibronectin stained vascular walls, tubular basement membranes, interstitium, and glomeruli of mouse kidney grafts. The species-specific antibodies reacting only with mouse fibronectin stained interstitial areas and tubular basement membranes, but showed no reaction with hybrid glomeruli and avian vascular walls. In contrast, species-specific antibodies against chicken fibronectin stained both the interstitial areas and the vascular walls as well as the endothelial-mesangial areas of the hybrid glomeruli, but did not stain the mouse-derived epithelial structures of the kidneys. In the second model, embryonic kidneys cultured under avascular conditions in vitro develop glomerular tufts, which are devoid of endothelial cells. These explants showed fluorescence staining for fibronectin only in tubular basement membranes and in interstitium. The avascular, purely epithelial glomerular bodies remained unstained. Finally, in outgrowths of separated embryonic glomeruli, the cross-reacting fibronectin antibodies revealed two populations of cells: one devoid of fibronectin and another expressing fibronectin in strong fibrillar and granular patterns. These results favor the idea that the main endogenous cellular sources for fibronectin in the embryonic kidney are the interstitial and vascular cells. All experiments presented here suggest that fibronectin is not synthesized by glomerular epithelial cells in vivo.
Fronto-temporal brain systems supporting spoken language comprehension

The research described here combines psycholinguistically well-motivated questions about different aspects of human language comprehension with behavioural and neuroimaging studies of normal performance, incorporating both subtractive analysis techniques and functional connectivity methods, and applying these tasks and techniques to the analysis of the functional and neural properties of brain-damaged patients with selective linguistic deficits in the relevant domains. The results of these investigations point to a set of partially dissociable sub-systems supporting three major aspects of spoken language comprehension, involving regular inflectional morphology, sentence-level syntactic analysis and sentence-level semantic interpretation. Differential patterns of fronto-temporal connectivity for these three domains confirm that the core aspects of language processing are carried out in a fronto-temporo-parietal language system which is modulated in different ways as a function of different linguistic processing requirements. No one region or sub-region holds the key to a specific language function; each requires the coordination of activity within a number of different regions. Functional connectivity analysis plays the critical role of indicating the regions which directly participate in a given sub-process, by virtue of their joint time-dependent activity. By revealing these codependencies, connectivity analysis sharpens the pattern of structure–function relations underlying specific aspects of language performance.
Could The Morning After liver transplant be immunologically interesting?

We all know about the morning after effect in many areas of life, but in liver transplantation the emphasis has always been on several aspects of clinical care. These include detection of early surgical complications; assessment of allograft function; optimizing immunosuppression; analysis of cardiovascular, renal, and respiratory stability; and talking to the family. All these are part of routine practice, but are there other things we should be thinking about? In particular, could we predict later outcomes from early immune-allograft interactions? In the article by Raschzok et al., the investigators examined serum levels of some selected chemokines and immune markers before transplant, day 1 after transplant, and on days 3, 4, and 14 after transplant. They studied 94 patients of whom 46 developed acute cellular rejection (ACR) based on liver biopsy and elevated liver biochemistry with more than 60% of the cases occurring between day 6 and 8. The most interesting finding was that low levels of serum CD44 and high levels of serum chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL) 9 predicted the occurrence of ACR at day 7. Indeed the combination of low serum CD44 and high CXCL9 was present in 27% of patients and was associated with 91% of these patients developing ACR, whereas the opposite predicted no ACR in 95% of patients. Several questions arise from these observations:
High-Dimensional Graphical Model Selection: Tractable Graph Families and Necessary Conditions

We consider the problem of Ising and Gaussian graphical model selection given n i.i. d. samples from the model. We propose an efficient threshold-based algorithm for structure estimation based on conditional mutual information thresholding. This simple local algorithm requires only low-order statistics of the data and decides whether two nodes are neighbors in the unknown graph. We identify graph families for which the proposed algorithm has low sample and computational complexities. Under some transparent assumptions, we establish that the proposed algorithm is structurally consistent (or sparsistent) when the number of samples scales as n = Ω(J-1min log p), where p is the number of nodes and Jmin is the minimum edge potential. We also develop novel non-asymptotic techniques for obtaining necessary conditions for graphical model selection.
Inequity Aversion, Reciprocity, and Appropriateness in the Ultimatum-Revenge Game

This article reports the results of a simple bargaining experiment on the ultimatum-revenge game. The game enables to differentiate between fairness that is stimulated by intentional based motives, distributional motives, and fairness considerations that mix both motives. The laboratory experiments indicate considerable heterogeneity of motives. A majority of subjects seem to combine both motives. However, the composition of the mix is subject to a transition, which can be formalized by the principle of appropriateness. In contrast to contemporary reciprocity models, this approach suggests that mildly unkind treatments are responded mildly unkindly, while strong unkindness leads to harsh reactions.
Development of Disaster Management in Turkey: from 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake to 2011 Van Earthquake

The natural disasters that have occurred in Turkey are categorized as % 61 earthquakes, followed by landslides, floods, rock falls, fires and storms. Between the years of 1903 and 2000, there have been nearly 150 earthquakes in Turkey which led to damage and this is a challenge for Turkey. The management and plans of these natural disasters in Turkey were first developed in 1959. In 1999, with the magnitude of 7.4, The Kocaeli and Duzce earthquakes affected a region of Turkey that constitutes % 23 of the country’s population. After that, in 2000 necessary laws have been prepared and enacted. On 23 October 2011, an earthquake shook eastern Turkey (Van Province) with a magnitude of 7.2 and same results have been seen for this disaster too. After this, the existing laws regarding disaster management and hierarchy of delegation of authority were updated. This paper examines organizational coordination in the response phase of both earthquakes. A literature research on case study earthquakes were done in the meaning of disaster management perspective and after that a comparison was done to discover technological or systematic usage necessities in disaster management phases. This comparison allows providing some insight about the results of changes in the organizational structure of Turkish disaster management system for providing a new technology or system for coordination. This study also provides original research evidences for scientists to motivate them focusing on lessons learned case studies to improve the current system and to show each small effort can come through with a better disaster response ability for Turkey.
Subjective evaluation of scalable video coding for content distribution

This paper investigates the influence of the combination of the scalability parameters in scalable video coding (SVC) schemes on the subjective visual quality. We aim at providing guidelines for an adaptation strategy of SVC that can select the optimal scalability options for resource-constrained networks. Extensive subjective tests are conducted by using two different scalable video codecs and high definition contents. The results are analyzed with respect to five dimensions, namely, codec, content, spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and frame quality.
Spontaneous relapsing-remitting EAE in the SJL/J mouse: MOG-reactive transgenic T cells recruit endogenous MOG-specific B cells

We describe new T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice (relapsing-remitting [RR] mice) carrying a TCR specific for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide 92–106 in the context of I-As. Backcrossed to the SJL/J background, most RR mice spontaneously develop RR experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) with episodes often altering between different central nervous system tissues like the cerebellum, optic nerve, and spinal cord. Development of spontaneous EAE depends on the presence of an intact B cell compartment and on the expression of MOG autoantigen. There is no spontaneous EAE development in B cell–depleted mice or in transgenic mice lacking MOG. Transgenic T cells seem to expand MOG autoreactive B cells from the endogenous repertoire. The expanded autoreactive B cells produce autoantibodies binding to a conformational epitope on the native MOG protein while ignoring the T cell target peptide. The secreted autoantibodies are pathogenic, enhancing demyelinating EAE episodes. RR mice constitute the first spontaneous animal model for the most common form of multiple sclerosis (MS), RR MS.
Reimagining Critical Race Theory in Education: Mental Health, Healing, and the Pathway to Liberatory Praxis

Long-standing theoretical education frameworks and methodologies have failed to provide space for the role mental health can play in mediating educational consequences. To illustrate the need for such space, Ebony McGee and David Stovall highlight the voices of black undergraduates they have served in the capacities of teacher, researcher, and mentor. Building from the theoretical contributions of intellectual giants like Frantz Fanon and W. E. B. Du Bois, the authors attempt to connect oppressive social systems to the psyche of the oppressed in a way that is relevant to black students. McGee and Stovall pose a challenge to the current research trend of attributing the survival of black students at traditionally white institutions primarily to grit, perseverance, and mental toughness, noting that research on the aforementioned qualities often fails to properly acknowledge multiple forms of suffering. Utilizing the lens of Critical Race Theory (CRT), the authors also challenge the construct of grit to consider the extent to which the mental health concerns of black students go undetected. Although critical race theorists have unmasked and attacked the racial trauma experienced at all levels of the educational system, the connection of CRT to mental health and wellness research is in its embryonic stages. For these reasons, McGee and Stovall argue that CRT scholars need to incorporate praxis to address mental health and wellness in order to address a fuller spectrum of black students' racialized worlds. Ultimately, they seek interdisciplinary perspectives that can help identify and foster strategies to support black students in the project and process of healing from multiple forms of racialized trauma they experience within and beyond their educational encounters.
Extent of extracapsular spread

Extracapsular spread (ECS) of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck to regional lymph nodes is the most reliable predictor of poor treatment outcomes. Recently, the authors have shown that ECS is significantly associated with higher rates of locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis, and decreased survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (SCCOT). The purpose of this review was to determine if the degree of ECS impacts distant metastasis rates and survival.
Linear-Time Estimators for Propensity Scores

We present linear-time estimators for three popular covariate shift correction and propensity scoring algorithms: logistic regression(LR), kernel mean matching(KMM) [19], and maximum entropy mean matching(MEMM)[20]. This allows applications in situations where both treatment and control groups are large. We also show that the last two algorithms differ only in their choice of regularizer (l2 of the Radon Nikodym derivative vs. maximum entropy). Experiments show that all methods scale well.
Assessing Spatial Scale Effects on Hydrometric Network Design Using Entropy and Multi‐objective Methods

In order to facilitate water resources decisions, it is important that accurate and informative hydrometric data are collected. Combining information theory with multi‐objective optimization has led to methods of optimizing the information content provided by hydrometric networks; however, there is no available study on the effects of spatial scale and data limitation on these methods. Herein, a dual entropy multi‐objective optimization (DEMO) and a transinformation (TI) analysis were done to recommend optimal locations for additional hydrometric stations in the Madawaska Watershed. This analysis was designed to be comparative to a similar study conducted on the Ottawa River Basin which encompasses the Madawaska Watershed to allow for an investigation of the spatial scale effects in this type of network design. This study concludes that TI analysis is not adversely affected by scaling; however, the DEMO analysis is sensitive to the placement of potential station locations and the size of the study area. This study also examines the benefit of including nearby stations when the area of interest does not have a sufficient number of existing hydrometric stations for analysis. It is shown that these stations can provide useful information because their inclusion in the analysis increased the average TI in the watershed. Recommendations were made as to the ideal locations of additional stations in the Madawaska Watershed hydrometric network.
A randomized trial on simplified and conventional methods for complete denture fabrication: cost analysis.

PURPOSE This study aimed to quantify the costs of complete denture fabrication by a simplified method compared with a conventional protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of edentulous patients needing conventional maxillary and mandibular complete dentures was randomly divided into group S, which received dentures fabricated by a simplified method, and group C, which received conventionally fabricated dentures. We calculated direct and indirect costs for each participant including unscheduled procedures. This study assessed 19 and 20 participants allocated into groups S and C, respectively, and comparisons between groups were conducted by the Mann-Whitney and Student's t-test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Complete denture fabrication demanded median time periods of 173.2 and 284.5 minutes from the operator for groups S and C respectively, and 46.6 and 61.7 minutes from the dental assistant (significant differences, p < 0.05). There was no difference between groups regarding postinsertion adjustments. Group S showed lower values for costs with materials and time spent by patients than group C during the fabrication stage, but not during adjustments. CONCLUSIONS The median direct cost of complete denture treatment was 34.9% lower for the simplified method. It can be concluded that the simplified method is less costly for patients and the health system when compared with a conventional protocol for the rehabilitation of edentulous patients.
Abutment scour depth modeling using neuro-fuzzy-embedded techniques

ABSTRACT Bridge pier scour hole is formed during major flood events due to a complex vortex flow around the abutments and causes the failure of foundation. Therefore, accurate prediction of the scour hole depth is a major factor in the hydraulic structure design. This paper offers an adaptive neuro-fuzzy-embedded subtractive clustering (ANFIS–SC) method for estimating abutment scour hole depth under clear water condition with uniform bed sediments. The accuracy of ANFIS–SC method is compared with two other ANFIS methods embedded with fuzzy C-mean clustering and grid partitioning (ANFIS–FCM and ANFIS–GP). The decisive factors on the abutment scour hole depth include the ratio of the average diameter of particle size to abutment transverse length (d50/l), excess Froude number of the abutment (Fe), shape factor (Ks), and the ratio of approach stream depth to abutment transverse length (h/l). Eleven different input combinations were evaluated with four, three, and two input variables to survey the effect of each dimensionless parameter on the abutment scour depth. The results indicated that the use of all effective input variables (Fe, d50/l, h/l, Ks) results in the best prediction of abutment scour depth. The comparison of ANFIS models showed the superiority of ANFIS–SC over the other methods.