Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of diode lasers with wavelength of 445 and 980 nm on a temperature rise when uncovering implants for second stage surgery: An ex-vivo study in pigs.

BACKGROUND Many surgical procedures in soft tissue are performed using diode lasers. Recently, a novel diode laser operating at 445 nm wavelength was introduced in dentistry. OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to evaluate the time of surgery and an increase in temperature of titanium implants during its uncovering using 445 and 980 nm wavelengths. MATERIAL AND METHODS The research included 45 pig mandibles (n = 45). The specimens were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 15) according to the laser irradiation mode and wavelength; G1 - 445 nm laser, power: 3 W, continuous wave (CW), distance: 2 mm, power density: 7460 W/cm2, fiber: 320 μm, noncontact mode; G2 - 445 nm laser (power: 2 W, CW, power density: 4970 W/cm2, fiber: 320 μm, contact mode; G3 (control) - 980 nm laser, power: 2.5 W, CW, power density: 15920 W/cm2, fiber: 200 μm, contact mode. The temperature was measured with a 2 K-type thermocouples (a P1 at collar and a P2 at mid height of the implant). RESULTS The mean temperature rises measured by the P1 thermocouple were 16.9°C, 36.1°C and 21.6°C in the G1, G2 and G3 group, respectively. Significant differences in temperature rise were found between the G1 and G2 group (p = 0.0007) and the G2 and G3 group (p = 0.01). The mean temperature rises measured by the P2 thermocouple were 1.8°C, 1.4°C and 5.6°C in the G1, G2 and G3 group, respectively. Significant differences in temperature rise were found between the G1 and the G2 or G3 group (p = 0.0001). The significant differences among the study groups in average time necessary for uncovering the implants amounted to 69.7, 54.4 and 83.6 s, respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The application of the 445 nm diode laser in non-contact mode reduced the temperature rise of the implants. The additional pulse intervals during laser irradiation with wavelength of 445 nm when operating in contact mode are needed.
Conventional Approach on Manufacturing 3D Woven Preforms Used for Composites

The major barrier to accelerating the transition from 2D fabric lamination to integral 3D textile preforms is the high costs. Toward this end, substantial researches have been conducted. This paper reports on a conventional approach to the forming of 3D flat woven preforms in a shuttle-weaving machine. The factors in determining woven pattern design and weaving process are discussed. Twelve 3D woven samples with various fiber architectures are produced to test the feasibility of the forming techniques. The design and manufacturing method is validated by comparing the fiber volume fraction of samples between design values and testing ones. Modification details of the weaving machine are described. Some key issues, such as warp yarn arrangement and selvedge pattern design are also discussed. It is demonstrated that conventional weaving machines with minimum modifications can be employed as a potentially cost-effective mean to successfully manufacture 3D flat woven preforms.
Enhanced Network Efficiency of Functional Brain Networks in Primary Insomnia Patients

Accumulating evidence from neuroimaging studies suggests that primary insomnia (PI) affects interregional neural coordination of multiple interacting functional brain networks. However, a complete understanding of the whole-brain network organization from a system-level perspective in PI is still lacking. To this end, we investigated in topological organization changes in brain functional networks in PI. 36 PI patients and 38 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls were recruited. All participants underwent a series of neuropsychological assessments and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. Individual whole-brain functional network were constructed and analyzed using graph theory-based network approaches. There were no significant differences with respect to age, sex, or education between groups (P > 0.05). Graph-based analyses revealed that participants with PI had a significantly higher total number of edges (P = 0.022), global efficiency (P = 0.014), and normalized global efficiency (P = 0.002), and a significantly lower normalized local efficiency (P = 0.042) compared with controls. Locally, several prefrontal and parietal regions, the superior temporal gyrus, and the thalamus exhibited higher nodal efficiency in participants with PI (P < 0.05, false discovery rate corrected). In addition, most of these regions showed increased functional connectivity in PI patients (P < 0.05, corrected). Finally, altered network efficiency was correlated with neuropsychological variables of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Insomnia Severity Index in patients with PI. PI is associated with abnormal organization of large-scale functional brain networks, which may account for memory and emotional dysfunction in people with PI. These findings provide novel implications for neural substrates associated with PI.
Quasi-static numerical study of the breathing mechanism of an elliptical crack in an unbalanced rotating shaft

In this paper we present the numerical analysis of the quasi-static behavior of an unbalance cracked shaft with straight and elliptical cracks considering an eccentric mass. The rotation of the shaft has been simulated by considering different angular positions to complete one rotation. The influence of the mass eccentricity in the opening of the crack has been studied considering different angles of eccentricity. The study of the partially opening/closing of the crack in the rotation of the shaft under the influence of the eccentric mass is analyzed. The work allows us to know the influence of the unbalance in the crack breathing mechanism and will help to predict the influence of this behavior on the values of the Stress Intensity Factor and on the propagation of cracks.
Randomized multicenter investigation of folate plus vitamin B12 supplementation in schizophrenia.

IMPORTANCE More effective treatments are needed for negative symptoms of schizophrenia, which are typically chronic, disabling, and costly. Negative symptoms have previously been associated with reduced blood folate levels, especially among patients with low-functioning variants in genes that regulate folate metabolism, suggesting the potential utility of folate supplementation. OBJECTIVES To determine whether folic acid plus vitamin B12 supplementation reduces negative symptoms of schizophrenia and whether functional variants in folate-related genes influence treatment response. DESIGN Parallel-group, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 16 weeks of treatment with 2 mg of folic acid and 400 μg of vitamin B12. SETTING Three community mental health centers affiliated with academic medical centers in the United States. PARTICIPANTS Outpatients with chronic schizophrenia who were psychiatrically stable but displayed persistent symptoms despite antipsychotic treatment. Eligible patients were 18 to 68 years old, were treated with an antipsychotic agent for 6 months or more at a stable dose for 6 weeks or more, and scored 60 or more on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. INTERVENTION One hundred forty subjects were randomized to receive daily oral folic acid plus vitamin B12 or placebo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Change in negative symptoms (Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms [SANS]), as well as positive and total symptoms (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale). RESULTS Folate plus vitamin B12 improved negative symptoms significantly compared with placebo (group difference, -0.33 change in SANS score per week; 95% CI, -0.62 to -0.05) when genotype was taken into account but not when genotype was excluded. An interaction of the 484C>T variant of FOLH1 (rs202676) with treatment was observed (P = .02), where only patients homozygous for the 484T allele demonstrated significantly greater benefit with active treatment (-0.59 change in SANS score per week; 95% CI, -0.99 to -0.18). In parallel, we observed an inverse relationship between red blood cell folate concentration at baseline and 484C allele load (P = .03), which persisted until 8 weeks of treatment. Change in positive and total symptoms did not differ between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Folate plus vitamin B12 supplementation can improve negative symptoms of schizophrenia, but treatment response is influenced by genetic variation in folate absorption. These findings support a personalized medicine approach for the treatment of negative symptoms. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00611806.
A Time-Space Lower Bound for a Large Class of Learning Problems

We prove a general time-space lower bound that applies for a large class of learning problems and shows that for every problem in that class, any learning algorithm requires either a memory of quadratic size or an exponential number of samples. As a special case, this gives a new proof for the time-space lower bound for parity learning [R16]. Our result is stated in terms of the norm of the matrix that corresponds to the learning problem. Let X, A be two finite sets. Let M: A &#x00D7; X \rightarrow \{-1,1\} be a matrix. The matrix M corresponds to the following learning problem: An unknown element x &#x220A; X was chosen uniformly at random. A learner tries to learn x from a stream of samples, (a_1, b_1), (a_2, b_2). , where for every i, a_i &#x220A; A is chosen uniformly at random and b_i = M(a_i,x). Let \sigma be the largest singular value of M and note that always \sigma &#x2264; |A|^{1/2} &#x22C5; |X|^{1/2}. We show that if \sigma &#x2264; |A|^{1/2} &#x22C5; |X|^{1/2 - &#x2265;ilon, then any learning algorithm for the corresponding learning problem requires either a memory of size quadratic in &#x2265;ilon n or number of samples exponential in &#x2265;ilon n, where n = \log_2 |X|. As a special case, this gives a new proof for the memorysamples lower bound for parity learning [14].
Multi-Attributed Graph Matching With Multi-Layer Graph Structure and Multi-Layer Random Walks

This paper addresses the multi-attributed graph matching problem, which considers multiple attributes jointly while preserving the characteristics of each attribute for graph matching. Since most of conventional graph matching algorithms integrate multiple attributes to construct a single unified attribute in an oversimplified manner, the information from multiple attributes is often not completely utilized. In order to solve this problem, we propose a novel multi-layer graph structure that can preserve the characteristics of each attribute in separated layers, and also propose a multi-attributed graph matching algorithm based on random walk centrality with the proposed multi-layer graph structure. We compare the proposed algorithm with other state-of-the-art graph matching algorithms based on a single-layer structure using synthetic and real data sets and demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed multi-layer graph structure and the multi-attributed graph matching algorithm.
Noninvasive Methods of Predicting Large Esophageal Varices in Children With Intrahepatic Portal Hypertension

Objective: Esophageal variceal bleeding is a severe complication of portal hypertension. The standard diagnostic screening test and therapeutic procedure for esophageal varices (EV) is endoscopy, which is invasive in pediatric patients. This study aimed to evaluate the role of noninvasive parameters as predictors of large varices in children with intrahepatic portal hypertension. Methods: Participants included in this cross-sectional study underwent a screening endoscopy. Variceal size, red marks, and portal gastropathy were assessed and rated. Patients were classified into two groups: Group 1 (G1) with small or no varices and Group 2 (G2) with large varices. The population consisted of 98 children with no history of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, with a mean age of 8.9 ± 4.7 years. The main outcome evaluated was the presence of large varices. Results: The first endoscopy session revealed the presence of large varices in 32 children. The best noninvasive predictors for large varices were platelets (Area under the ROC Curve [AUROC] 0.67; 95% CI 0.57–0.78), the Clinical Prediction Rule (CPR; AUROC 0.65; 95% CI 0.54–0.76), and risk score (AUROC 0.66; 95% CI 0.56–0.76). The logistic regression model showed that children with a CPR value under 114 were 8.59 times more likely to have large varices. Risk scores higher than −1.2 also increased the likelihood of large varices (OR 6.09; P = 0.014), as did a platelet count/spleen size z score lower than 25 (OR 3.99; P = 0.043). The combination of these three tests showed a high negative predictive value. Conclusions: The CPR, the risk score, and the platelet count/spleen size z score could be helpful in identifying cirrhotic children who may be eligible for endoscopy.
Association of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system gene polymorphisms with left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A case–control study

ABSTRACT Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has close ties with hypertension, though risk factors to the development of HFpEF in hypertensive patients are not fully understood. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) signifies the susceptibility toward diastolic heart dysfunction, and genetic determinants of LVH as a result may serve as risk predictors for HFpEF in hypertension. We investigated the role of three renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) gene polymorphisms in the development of LVH in hypertensive patients with a diagnosis of HFpEF. Methods: A total of 176 hypertensive patients with a diagnosis of HFpEF were divided to cases with LVH and controls without. rs4343 and rs4291 of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and rs5186 of angiotensin receptor type 1 were genotyped using PCR-RFLP method. Results: Genotypes and allele frequencies were significantly different between the case and control groups for rs4343 and rs4291, whereas no difference was observed for rs5186.Conclusion: Increased ACE activity explains the significant association of rs4343 and rs4291 polymorphisms with LVH in the carriers. Furthermore, findings support the pathophysiologic links between RAAS and increased LV mass in hypertension and suggest a genetic susceptibility to HFpEF. Such polymorphisms may serve as risk predictors of HFpEF in hypertensive patients.
A Loading Control Strategy for Electric Load Simulators Based on Proportional Resonant Control

In order to effectively suppress surplus torque, realizing high precision loading, this paper applies proportional resonant (PR) control to the load torque control of electric load simulator (ELS), and analyzes and optimizes the stability and dynamic performance of ELS. The mathematical model of ELS is built in z-domain first in this paper, to establish foundation for designing and analyzing PR controller. The stability of the ELS with PR controller is analyzed through Nyquist diagrams, and optimized by reasonably designing the phase compensation angle of PR controller. The dynamic performance is analyzed through pole–zero plots, and the resonant gain of PR controller is designed based on the pole–zero plots to optimize the dynamic performance. Experimental results on ELS are provided, and the proposed method is compared with other typical methods, validating the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Analysis of asymmetry in mammograms via directional filtering with Gabor wavelets

This paper presents a procedure for the analysis of left-right (bilateral) asymmetry in mammograms. The procedure is based upon the detection of linear directional components by using a multiresolution representation based upon Gabor wavelets. A particular wavelet scheme with two-dimensional Gabor filters as elementary functions with varying tuning frequency and orientation, specifically designed in order to reduce the redundancy in the wavelet-based representation, is applied to the given image. The filter responses for different scales and orientation are analyzed by using the Karhunen-Loeve (KL) transform and Otsu's method of thresholding. The KL transform is applied to select the principal components of the filter responses, preserving only the most relevant directional elements appearing at all scales. The selected principal components, thresholded by using Otsu's method, are used to obtain the magnitude and phase of the directional components of the image. Rose diagrams computed from the phase images and statistical measures computed thereof are used for quantitative and qualitative analysis of the oriented patterns. A total of 80 images from 20 normal cases, 14 asymmetric cases, and six architectural distortion cases from the Mini-MIAS (Mammographic Image Analysis Society, London, U.K.) database were used to evaluate the scheme using the leave-one-out methodology. Average classification accuracy rates of up to 74.4% were achieved.
Bayesian Intent Prediction in Object Tracking Using Bridging Distributions

In several application areas, such as human computer interaction, surveillance and defence, determining the intent of a tracked object enables systems to aid the user/operator and facilitate effective, possibly automated, decision making. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic inference approach that permits the prediction, well in advance, of the intended destination of a tracked object and its future trajectory. Within the framework introduced here, the observed partial track of the object is modeled as being part of a Markov bridge terminating at its destination, since the target path, albeit random, must end at the intended endpoint. This captures the underlying long term dependencies in the trajectory, as dictated by the object intent. By determining the likelihood of the partial track being drawn from a particular constructed bridge, the probability of each of a number of possible destinations is evaluated. These bridges can also be employed to produce refined estimates of the latent system state (e.g., object position, velocity, etc.), predict its future values (up until reaching the designated endpoint) and estimate the time of arrival. This is shown to lead to a low complexity Kalman-filter-based implementation of the inference routine, where any linear Gaussian motion model, including the destination reverting ones, can be applied. Free hand pointing gestures data collected in an instrumented vehicle and synthetic trajectories of a vessel heading toward multiple possible harbors are utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Functional characteristics of chemosensory proteins in the sawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus Hope

Abstract The Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is a major pest of pines and it is also the key vector of the exotic pinewood nematode in China. In the present study, we cloned, expressed, and purified a chemosensory protein (CSP) in M. alternatus. We surveyed its expression in various developmental stages of male and female adult tissues and determined its binding affinities for different pine volatiles using a competitive binding fluorescence assay. A CSP known as CSP5 in M. alternatus was obtained from an antennal cDNA library and expressed in Escherichia coli. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results indicated that the CSP5 gene was mainly expressed in male and female antennae. Competitive binding assays were performed to test the binding affinity of recombinant CSP5 to 13 odour molecules of pine volatiles. The results showed that CSP5 showed very strong binding abilities to myrcene, (+)-β-pinene, and (−)-isolongifolene, whereas the volatiles 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, p-cymene, and (+)-limonene oxide have relatively weak binding affinity at pH 5.0. Three volatiles myrcene, (+)-β-pinene, and (−)-isolongifolene may play crucial roles in CSP5 binding with ligands but this needs further study for confirmation. The sensitivity of insect to host plant volatiles can effectively be used to control and monitor the population through mass trapping as part of integrated pest management programs.
Saudi Arabian children's reasoning about religion‐based exclusion

This study examined how Saudi Arabian children (M = 10.50 years, SD = 1.61, Range = 8-10 years) evaluate peer exclusion based on religion when the perpetrator of exclusion was a peer or a father. Children believed that it was more acceptable for fathers than for peers to enforce exclusion and were more likely to use social conventional reasons to justify exclusion when the perpetrator was a father. The discussion focuses on how social domain theory needs to take children's cultural community into account. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Research suggests that children do not defer to authority in making decisions about peer exclusion. Children tend to believe that authority figures should not order peer exclusion because it is a moral decision. What does this study add? Unlike children in other collectivist countries, children in Saudi Arabia support peer exclusion ordered by a father more than a peer. Saudi children use social conventional reasoning to justify fathers' support for peer exclusion.
Reliability of fMRI time series: Similarity of neural processing during movie viewing

Despite its widespread use in neuroscience, the reliability of fMRI remains insufficiently understood. One powerful way to tap into aspects of fMRI reliability is via the inter-subject correlation (ISC) approach, which exposes different viewers to the same time-locked naturalistic stimulus and assesses the similarity of neural time series. Here we examined the correlations of fMRI time series from 24 participants who watched the same movie clips across three repetitions. This enabled us to examine inter-subject correlations, intra-subject correlations, and correlations between aggregated time series, which we link to the notions of inter-rater reliability, stability, and consistency. In primary visual cortex we found average pairwise inter-subject correlations of about r = 0.3, and intra-subject correlations of similar magnitude. Aggregation across subjects increased inter-subject (inter-group) correlations to r = 0.87, and additional intra-subject averaging before cross-subject aggregation yielded correlations of r = 0.93. Computing the same analyses for parietal (visuospatial network) and cingulate cortices (saliency network) revealed a gradient of decreasing ISC from primary visual to higher visual to post-perceptual regions. These latter regions also benefitted most from the increased reliability due to aggregation. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of this link between neural process similarity and psychometric conceptions of inter-rater reliability, stability, and internal consistency.
Automatic Lecture Subtitle Generation and How It Helps

In this paper we propose an integrated framework of automatic bilingual subtitle generation for lecture videos, especially for MOOCs. The framework consists of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), Sentence Boundary Detection (SBD), and Machine Translation (MT). Then we quantitatively evaluate the auto-generated subtitles, the manually produced subtitles from scratch, and the auto-generated subtitles with manual modification in term of accuracy and time expenditure, in both original and target languages. The result shows that the auto-generated subtitles in the original language (English) are fairly accurate already. By using them as the draft, human subtitle producers can save 54% of the working time and simultaneously reduce the error rate by 54.3%, which is a significant improvement. However, the effectiveness of machine translated subtitles (English to Chinese) is limited. In the end, if the proposed framework is applied, the total working time in preparing bilingual subtitles can be shortened by approximately 1/3, with no decline in quality.