Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Interhemispheric Interaction: Modulation of Neuronal Cooperativity in the Visual Areas

Background The cortical representation of the visual field is split along the vertical midline, with the left and the right hemi-fields projecting to separate hemispheres. Connections between the visual areas of the two hemispheres are abundant near the representation of the visual midline. It was suggested that they re-establish the functional continuity of the visual field by controlling the dynamics of the responses in the two hemispheres. Methods/Principal Findings To understand if and how the interactions between the two hemispheres participate in processing visual stimuli, the synchronization of responses to identical or different moving gratings in the two hemi-fields were studied in anesthetized ferrets. The responses were recorded by multiple electrodes in the primary visual areas and the synchronization of local field potentials across the electrodes were analyzed with a recent method derived from dynamical system theory. Inactivating the visual areas of one hemisphere modulated the synchronization of the stimulus-driven activity in the other hemisphere. The modulation was stimulus-specific and was consistent with the fine morphology of callosal axons in particular with the spatio-temporal pattern of activity that axonal geometry can generate. Conclusions/Significance These findings describe a new kind of interaction between the cerebral hemispheres and highlight the role of axonal geometry in modulating aspects of cortical dynamics responsible for stimulus detection and/or categorization.
Language and legitimacy: Is pragmatist political theory fallacious?

Eva Erman and Niklas Möller have recently criticised a range of political theorists for committing a pragmatistic fallacy, illicitly drawing normative conclusions from politically neutral ideas about language. This paper examines their critique with respect to one of their primary targets: the pragmatist approach to political legitimacy that I proposed in earlier work, which draws on Robert Brandom’s theory of language. I argue that the charge relies on a misrepresentation of the role of pragmatist ideas about language in my analysis of legitimacy. Pragmatism’s significance for thinking about political legitimacy does not lie in the normative conclusions it justifies but in the way it reorients our thinking towards political practice. This raises the deeper question of what we are to expect from a theory of legitimacy. I argue that Erman and Möller presuppose a widely held but unduly restrictive conception of what a normative theory of legitimacy consists in and that pragmatism can broaden the scope of enquiry: a theory of legitimacy should not focus narrowly on the content and justification of criteria, but more fundamentally aim to explicate the forms of political activity in which such criteria are at stake.
Evaluating physical discomfort associated with prolonged, repetitive use of gesture: a comparison of subjective rating protocols

As gesture recognition technologies become more mature and available, three-dimensional gestures involving upper-extremity postures and movements are increasingly being utilized for human–machine interactions (HMI) (Lai et al., 2012; Qian et al., 2013; Mauser and Burgert, 2014). Currently, applications of such gesture-based interaction include machine/device control, data exploration in virtual reality, artistic creation, musical instrument playing, games, etc. (Bleiweiss et al., 2010; Gerling et al., 2012; Soltani et al., 2012; Alvarez-Santos et al., 2014; Bai et al., 2014; Liu et al., 2014; Lu et al., 2014; Posti et al., 2014). Some of these applications accompany prolonged and repetitive use of 3D UE gestures. Prolonged, repetitive use of 3D UE gestures may give rise to physical discomforts especially when the designed gestures are awkward and stressful. It is also known to increase the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (Dul et al., 1994; Milner, 1986; Nag, 1991; Putz-Anderson and Galinsky, 1993; Kee and Lee, 2012; Hamberg-van Reenen et al., 2008). Several previous studies on gesture design have used the method of subjective discomfort rating to quantify physical discomforts associated with the use of gestures (Nielsen et al., 2004; Stern et al., 2006; Stern et al., 2008; Wachs et al., 2008; Wobbrock et al., 2009; Fikkert et al., 2010; Morris et al., 2010; Chae et al., 2012; Choi et al., 2012; Piumsomboon et al., 2013); however, these studies did not precisely delineate the method none of the previous studies clearly specified the details, including the number of repetitive gesture executions needed prior to each subjective rating and the pace. It is suspected that without clear instructions, the human evaluators in these studies performed each gesture once or a few times prior to the subjective rating. As one execution or a few repetitions of a gesture may not be a significant physical burden, a subjective rating score obtained in this manner may not properly represent physical discomforts resulting from prolonged, repetitive use of gesture. A certain large number of gesture repetitions may be needed to elicit such discomfort. Currently, it is not known how many repetitions are needed.
Plasticity of III—V Compounds at Low Temperatures

Plastic deformation of GaAs, InP, and InSb under hydrostatic confining pressure has been performed in the temperature range 77 to 500 K. Slip lines indicate cross-slip of screw dislocations. Electron microscopy reveals long screw dislocations left in the deformed specimens. The temperature dependence of the critical shear stress τc below 300 K is weak, producing a hump in the τc — T curve. The kink pair formation of non-dissociated screw dislocations in the shuffle set planes is responsible for the plastic deformation at low temperatures.
Percutaneous recanalization of chronically occluded coronary arteries: a consensus document: part I.

Gregg W. Stone, MD; David E. Kandzari, MD; Roxana Mehran, MD; Antonio Colombo, MD; Robert S. Schwartz, MD; Steven Bailey, MD; Issam Moussa, MD; Paul S. Teirstein, MD; George Dangas, MD, PhD; Donald S. Baim, MD; Matthew Selmon, MD; Bradley H. Strauss, MD, PhD; Hideo Tamai, MD; Takahiko Suzuki, MD; Kazuaki Mitsudo, MD; Osamu Katoh, MD; David A. Cox, MD; Angela Hoye, MD; Gary S. Mintz, MD; Eberhard Grube, MD; Louis A. Cannon, MD; Nicolaus J. Reifart, MD; Mark Reisman, MD; Alexander Abizaid, MD; Jeffrey W. Moses, MD; Martin B. Leon, MD; Patrick W. Serruys, MD, PhD
Survival, stress resistance, and alterations in protein expression in the marine vibrio sp. strain S14 during starvation for different individual nutrients

The response of the marine Vibrio sp. strain S14 to starvation for carbon, nitrogen, or phosphorus and to simultaneous depletion of all these nutrients (multiple-nutrient starvation) was examined with respect to survival, stress resistance, quantitative and qualitative alterations in protein and RNA synthesis, and the induction of the stringent control. Of the conditions tested, carbon starvation and multiple-nutrient starvation both promoted long-term starvation resistance and a rapid induction of the stringent control, as deduced from the kinetics of RNA synthesis. Carbon- and multiple-nutrient-starved cells were also found to become increasingly resistant to heat, UV, near-UV, and CdCl2 stress. Nitrogen- and phosphorus-starved cells demonstrated a poor ability to survive in the presence of carbon and did not develop a marked resistance to the stresses examined. The carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus starvation stimulons consisted of about 20 proteins each, while simultaneous starvation for all the nutrients elicited an increased synthesis of 42 polypeptides. Nine common proteins were found to be induced regardless of the starvation condition used and were tentatively termed general starvation proteins. It was also demonstrated that the total number of proteins induced in response to multiple-nutrient starvation was not a predictable sum of the different individual starvation stimulons. Multiple-nutrient starvation induced 14 proteins which were not detected at increased levels of expression in response to individual starvation conditions. Furthermore, four out of five phosphorus starvation-specific polypeptides were not induced during simultaneous starvation for phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon. The results are discussed in light of the physiological alterations previously described for Vibrio sp. strain S14 cells starved for carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus simultaneously.
Strategic Processing and Predictive Inference Generation in L2 Reading.

Predictive inference is the anticipation of the likely consequences of events described in a text. This study investigated predictive inference generation during second language (L2) reading, with a focus on the effects of strategy instructions. In this experiment, Japanese university students read several short narrative passages designed to elicit predictive inferences under instructions either to understand the passage or to anticipate the outcome of the events described. Each passage was followed by a lexical-decision probe word that was related to the expected inference. In addition, a cued recall task was conducted after reading all the passages. Analysis of lexical decision times revealed that inferences were generated during reading only when instructions encouraged predictions. Furthermore, the facilitation effect of instructions was prominent among higher L2 proficiency readers. The results of the recall task showed that readers’ comprehension of explicit text information was not impaired by focusing attention on implicit predictive information.
Effects of ambient oxygen and size-selective mortality on growth and maturation in guppies

Abstract Human activities, e.g. nutrient enrichment (resulting in low oxygen) and selective fishing (i.e. higher mortality of large fish), affect growth and maturation (key characteristics determining fish life history). We investigated combined effects of oxygen and size-dependent mortality on growth and maturation to provide informed management decisions for these events.
Mass spectrometry analysis of human P2X1 receptors; insight into phosphorylation, modelling and conformational changes

Recombinant FlagHis6 tagged Human P2X1 receptors expressed in HEK293 cells were purified, digested with trypsin and analysed by mass spectroscopy (96% coverage following de‐glycosylation and reduction). The receptor was basally phosphorylated at residues S387, S388 and T389 in the carboxyl terminus, a triple alanine mutant of these residues had a modest ~ 25% increase in current amplitude and recovery from desensitization. Chemical modification showed that intracellular lysine residues close to the transmembrane domains and the membrane stabilization motif are accessible to the aqueous environment. The membrane‐impermeant cross‐linking reagent 3,3′‐Dithiobis (sulfosuccinimidylpropionate) (DTSSP) reduced agonist binding and P2X1 receptor currents by > 90%, and modified lysine residues were identified by mass spectroscopy. Mutation to remove reactive lysine residues around the ATP‐binding pocket had no effect on inhibtion of agonist evoked currents following DTSSP. However, agonist evoked currents were ~ 10‐fold higher than for wild type following DTSSP treatment for mutants K199R, K221R and K199R‐K221R. These mutations remove reactive residues distant from the agonist binding pocket that are close enough to cross‐link adjacent subunits. These results suggest that conformational change in the P2X1 receptor is required for co‐ordination of ATP action.
Transgender men's self-representations of bearing children post-transition

SINCE REPORTS OF THOMAS BEATIE’S PREGNANCY appeared in the media in 2008, the visibility of transgender men having children post-transition has increased considerably. Whilst this visibility, it may be argued, have attracted negative attention to transgender men who choose to bear a child (and transgender men more broadly), it may also be argued that representations of transgender men bearing children has usefully drawn attention to the complex negotiations that transgender men undertake in having children. At the heart of these negotiations lies what is often framed as a competition between transgender men’s masculinity, and their undertaking of a role historically undertaken by people who identify as women (i.e., child bearing). Yet what is repeatedly demonstrated in transgender men’s own self-representations of their pregnancies post-transition, is that they are very much men, even if their masculinity is placed in question by a society that equates child bearing with women. The present chapter takes transgender men’s self-representations as its starting place in seeking to elaborate how such men reconcile their masculinity with child bearing. In so doing, the chapter seeks to bring the social scientific literature about transgender men who bear children post-transition together with the public self-representations of such men in order to begin the work of mapping out the unique experiences of men who undertake a pregnancy. Whilst transgender men become parents in a multitude of ways (i.e., when still living as their natally-assigned sex, through their partners bearing children, and through forms of non-genetically 4. Transgender Men’s Self-Representations of Bearing Children Post-Transition
Pattern Recognition of High O3 Episodes in Forecasting Daily Maximum Ozone Levels

In this study, a method was developed to diagnose ozone episodes exceeding environmental criteria (e.g., above 80 ppb) on the basis of a multivariate statistical method and a fuzzy expert system. This method, being capable of characterizing the occurrence patterns of high-level ozone, was employed to forecast daily maximum ozone levels. The hourly data for both air pollutants and meteorological parameters, obtained both at the surface and at high elevation (500 hPa) stations of Seoul City (1989-1996), were analyzed using this method. Through an application of the fuzzy expert system, the data sets were classified into 8 different types for common ozone episodes. In addition, the data sets were divided into patterns of 11 (StationA), 20 (Station B), 8 (Station C), and 10 (Station D) for site-specific ozone episodes. The results of the analysis were successful in demonstrating that the method was sufficiently efficient to classify each class quantitatively with its own patterns of ozone pollution.
Genomic organization of GB viruses A and B: two new members of the Flaviviridae associated with GB agent hepatitis

The genomes of two positive-strand RNA viruses have recently been cloned from the serum of a GB agent-infected tamarin by using representational difference analysis. The two agent, GB viruses A and B (GBV-A and GBV-B, respectively), have genomes of 9,493 and 9,143 nucleotides, respectively, and single large open reading frames that encode potential polyprotein precursors of 2,972 and 2,864 amino acids, respectively. The genomes of these agents are organized much like those of other pestiviruses and flaviviruses, with genes predicted to encode structural and nonstructural proteins located at the 5' and 3' ends, respectively. Amino acid sequence alignments and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps) of GBV-A and GBV-B show that they possess conserved sequence motifs associated with supergroup II RNA polymerases of positive-strand RNA viruses. On the basis of similar analyses, the GBV-A- and GBV-B-encoded helicases show significant identity with the supergroup II helicases of positive-strand RNA viruses. Within the supergroup II RNA polymerases and helicases, GBV-A and GBV-B are most closely related to the hepatitis C virus group. Across their entire open reading frames, the GB agents exhibit 27% amino sequence identity to each other, approximately 28% identity to hepatitis C virus type 1, and approximately 20% identity to either bovine viral diarrhea virus or yellow fever virus. The degree of sequence divergence between GBV-A and GBV-B and other Flaviviridae members demonstrates that the GB agents are representatives of two new genera within the Flaviviridae family.
Feel like you belong: on the bidirectional link between emotional fit and group identification in task groups

Three studies investigated the association between members’ group identification and the emotional fit with their group. In the first study, a cross-sectional study in a large organization, we replicated earlier research by showing that group identification and emotional fit are positively associated, using a broader range of emotions and using profile correlations to measure group members’ emotional fit. In addition, in two longitudinal studies, where groups of students were followed at several time points during their collaboration on a project, we tested the directionality of the relationship between group identification and emotional fit. The results showed a bidirectional, positive link between group identification and emotional fit, such that group identification and emotional fit either mutually reinforce or mutually dampen each other over time. We discuss how these findings increase insights in group functioning and how they may be used to change group processes for better or worse.
A study and comparison of full adder cells based on the standard static CMOS logic

An overview of the performance of 1-bit full adder cells based on the main standard static logic styles and in depth examination of the advantages and limitations of each of them with respect to speed and power dissipation are presented. A comparison is performed in a wide range of main static logic styles. Six 1-bit full adder circuits based on these logic styles are chosen for the extensive evaluation. These circuits were redesigned at the transistor-level in a standard 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS process technology and comparison reported here uses HSPICE simulations to assess their performance. Realistic circuit arrangements are used to demonstrate the performance of each 1-bit full adder cell. The work presented in this paper gives a quantitative comparison of the adder cell performance. The results rearranged the previous full adder cell ranking.
Dual single-scission event analysis of constitutive transferrin receptor (TfR) endocytosis and ligand-triggered β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) or Mu-opioid receptor (MOR) endocytosis

The endocytosis of the transferrin receptor (TfR) and β2-adrenergic receptor or Mu-opioid receptor by individual endocytic vesicles was imaged in live cells. Ligand-triggered endocytosis of GPCR has little effect on TfR endocytosis dynamics, and there is little evidence for coated-pit specialization.
Development of connections within and between areas V1 and V2 of macaque monkeys

We have investigated the development of intrinsic and interareal connections in areas V1 and V2 of the macaque monkey using postmortem transport of the lipophilic fluorescent tracer diI, applied to brains fixed at different pre‐ and postnatal ages. Intrinsic connections in the deep layers of V1 are evident on embryonic day 108 (E108), but are not robust in the superficial layers until around E118, when migration is largely complete. Both intrinsic horizontal projections and extrinsic projections to V2 initially have a continuous distribution. Patchy projections are first evident in V1 around E145, the same age at which cytochrome oxidase blobs appear, presumably signaling the differentiation of the blob‐dominated and interblob‐dominated streams in the primary visual cortex. The magnocellular‐dominated stream becomes distinct at earlier stages (by E122), as judged by connectional and histochemical criteria.
Ligand density modulates eosinophil signaling and migration

Eosinophils are a major component of the inflammatory response in persistent airway inflammation in asthma. The factors that determine the retention of eosinophils in the airway remain poorly understood. Elevated levels of fibronectin have been observed in the airway of patients with asthma, and the levels correlate with eosinophil numbers. To determine if fibronectin density modulates eosinophil function, we investigated the effect of fibronectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1) density on eosinophil migration and signaling via the p38 and extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)–mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. There was a dose‐dependent inhibition of eosinophil spreading and migration on increasing concentrations of fibronectin but not VCAM‐1. In addition, activation of p38 MAPK was inhibited at high fibronectin but not high VCAM‐1 concentrations, and ERK activity was slightly reduced at high VCAM‐1 and fibronectin concentrations. Together, the results demonstrate that fibronectin but not VCAM‐1 inhibits eosinophil migration and signaling.
Birds have no impact on folivorous insect guilds on a montane willow

We examined the impact of avian predators on the community of insects feeding on Lemmon's willow, Salix lemmonii, at Carman Valley, California. Salix lemmonii supports a diverse assemblage of insect species that feed in either a concealed or an exposed manner on leaves by mining, tying, curling, galling, skeletonizing, or chewing. We tested the hypothesis that there are guild specific differences in the effects of avian predators on concealed and exposed-feeding folivores. We compared the feeding damage and frequency of each guild in the presence and absence of avian predators. Contrary to most studies of the effects of avian predators on folivorous insects, birds failed to reduce significantly the frequency of or feeding damage caused by exposed-feeding insects during 1999 and 2000. Chewing insects, which accounted for the majority of foliar damage by exposed-feeding insects, inflicted slightly more damage and skeletonizing insects slightly less damage in the presence of birds. We also observed no reduction in the frequency of concealed-feeding insects in the presence of avian predators; rather three out of four guilds were slightly more common in the presence of avian predators. While the abundance of foliage gleaning birds at the study site was slightly lower than the average for the past nine years, we interpret our results to indicate a true lack of an effect of avian predators on the community of folivorous insects on S. lemmonii. Future inquiry into the effects of avian predators on folivorous insects should focus on determining under what circumstances birds will or will not suppress guilds of folivorous insects.