Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Big Chill: Are Campuses Turning a Cold Shoulder to Religious Students?

Generally, students do not attend institutions of higher education with hopes of remaining developmentally static. Instead, many students invest their time and resources into an education with the intention of learning more academically, about the world, and about themselves. Identities inevitably change as a result of exposure to new ideas and concepts and growth along numerous facets, including religious and spiritual aspects. In the educational context, studied in-depth by researchers such as Lawrence Kohlberg, many students are challenged to adopt higher levels of moral reasoning in response to exposure to higher-stage thinking and disequilibrium. Likewise, researchers such as Sharon Parks reiterate that higher education experiences provide substantial opportunities for one to reflect on new ideas and develop one’s faith and religious identities. Indeed, higher education theoretically facilitates many characteristics of student development and researchers have explored with great fervor several aspects of student development in order to better ascertain the beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors of higher education students and support development. Yet today, many students are choosing to develop their religious and spiritual identities off campus. Indeed, very little is known regarding student involvement in off-campus religious organizations. Do religious students choose to venture away from their campuses to join these organizations because of chilling campus environments? How do students believe they benefit from involvement with these groups? Through observation and interviews with students involved with a Christian group, this study hopes to shed light on these issues and provide further insight concerning how various environments influence the religious attitudes and behaviors of these particular students. The findings of this study may contribute to understanding the needs of students and encourage institutions in helping students make sense of religious and spiritual issues on campus, thereby fulfilling a mission to remain accountable to the needs and overall development of all students without forcing students to separate their religious, spiritual and academic identities.
Evaluating the Prevalence of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Bladder and its Relationship With Other Prognostic Factors

Background: The most common malignancy in the urinary system has been bladder cancer and the most predominant histologic subtype has been transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). There were many molecular risk factors, related with poor prognosis. One of these factors was expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the epidermal growth factor receptor in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder and its relationship with other prognostic factors. Patients and Methods: This analytic descriptive study has performed with 61 patients with TCC of bladder after radical cystectomy whom have been hospitalized in Labbafinejad hospital in Tehran, Iran between 2007 and 2010. We have used Chi-square and t-test to analyze our data samples. Results: Records of 61 patients have studied. Fifty three of the total samples were positive for EGFR expression (86.9%). Fifty samples of these fifty-three belonged to men and three others were women’s samples (P = 0.46). Among the group with EGFR expression the results were as follows: 25 patients (47.2%) were 60 years old or less and 28 patients (52.8%) were older than 60 (P = 0.023), 16 patients (30.2%) had invasion to lamina properia, and the rest of them had invasion to deeper layers (P = 0.56). For most patients we could not determine the invasion of tumoral cells into the lymph nodes (Nx) (P = 0.067). Thirty four patients (64.2%) had not lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.44) and in forty three of patients (81.1%), perineural invasion have not seen (P = 0.23). Finally, 36 patients (67.9%) were grade 3 (P = 0.27). Conclusions: In this study we have concluded that most patients had EGFR positive expression. Also, except for the age, there was not any significant relation between expression of EGFR and the other prognostic factors such as, gender, invasion of the tumor into the layers, involving the lymph nodes, lymphovascular or perineural invasion, and grading.
Is informal caregiving independently associated with poor health? A population-based study

Background Providing informal care has been linked with poor health but has not previously been studied across a whole population. We aimed to study the association between informal care provision and self-reported poor health. Method We used data from the UK 2001 Census. The relationship between informal caregiving and poor health was modelled using logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, marital status, ethnicity, economic activity and educational attainment. Results We included 44 465 833 individuals free from permanent sickness or disability. 5 451 902 (12.3%) participants reported providing informal care to another person. There was an association between provision of informal caregiving and self-reported poor health; OR 1.100, 95% CI 1.096 to 1.103. This association remained after adjustment for age, sex, ethnic group, marital status, economic activity and educational attainment. The association also increased with the amount of care provided (hours per week). Conclusions Around one in eight of the UK population reports that he or she is an informal caregiver. This activity is associated with poor health, particularly in those providing over 20 h care per week.
‘Putting femininity to work’: Negotiating hypersexuality and respectability in sex tourism, Brazil

Feminist scholars have documented the ways in which racialized women make strategic use of their hypersexualized bodies in the global sex industry. In this article, I build on these claims to examine how this unfolds in the context of sex tourism, drawing on ethnographic research conducted in the city of Natal, Brazil. I propose that in Natal, young, racialized Brazilian women seek to establish both their hypersexuality and respectability through various processes of distinction, given the potential for mobility, migration, and marriage that comes with sex with foreigners. These women thus ‘put their femininity to work’, a form of embodied capital and one of the few resources they have at their disposal.
High efficiency CCD detectors at UV wavelengths

The Faint Intergalactic Redshifted Emission Balloon (FIREBall) is a NASA/CNES balloon-borne ultraviolet multi-object spectrograph designed to observe the diffuse gas around galaxies (the circumgalactic medium) via line emission redshifted to ~205 nm. FIREBall uses a ultraviolet-optimized delta doped e2v CCD201 with a custom designed high efficiency five layer anti-reflection coating. This combination achieves very high quantum efficiency (QE) and photon-counting capability, a first for a CCD detector in this wavelength range. We also present new work on red blocking mirror coatings to reduce red leak.
Evaluating the Feasibility and Effects of the Complexity Account of Treatment Efficacy (CATE) for Joint Attention Intervention with Children with ASD

Much discussion in recent years has focused on the topic of Joint attention (JA) in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The literature demonstrates the crucial role of JA in developing social-communicative competence in typically developing (TD) children (Meindel & Cannella-Malone, 2011; White et al., 2011). One specific JA skill that has been highlighted in the research is the use of gestural pointing for social purposes (Colonnesi et al., 2010). Children with ASD use few, if any, points to share interest with others about objects and events (Baron-Cohen, 1989; Carpenter et al., 2002). Consequently, deficit in JA pointing is a key early indicator of autism, even for infants as young as 12months (Werner & Dawson, 2005). JA pointing can be considered a pivotal skill in development given that it predicts long-term language development (Colonnesi et al., 2010). Treatment of JA pointing for children with ASD has been promising (Jones, Carr, & Feeley, 2006; Kasari, Freeman, & Paparella, 2006), although often time intensive (Whalen & Schreibman, 2003). The efficient use of therapy time, especially during the early years, is of vital importance. The focus of this study is to investigate a novel, and hypothetically beneficial, approach to improving the efficiency of treatment focused on JA pointing for children with ASD. This novel approach to JA treatment, referred to as the Complexity Approach to Treatment Efficacy (CATE), is based on treatment efficiency demonstrated in other areas of intervention research (Gierut, Morrisette, Hughes, & Rowland, 1996; Thompson, Shapiro, Kiran, & Sobecks, 2003). In the present study, a hierarchy of non-verbal JA skills is constructed from least to most complex skills. Treatment of the most complex skill is then targeted in therapy to evaluate the feasibility and effects of this approach for children with ASD.
Convergence and divergence between students' and teachers' perceptions of instructional behaviour in Dutch secondary education.

This chapter discusses comparisons between students' and teachers' perceptions which are usable variables in investigating the teacher-learner process and the preparation and staff development of teachers. A review of over 30 learning environment studies that describe differences between teacher and student perceptions indicates that the majority of these studies have focused on teacher interpersonal behaviour, that differences often were not the main focus of these studies and that most studies focused on differences between groups of teachers and students, rather than individual teachers and their classes. It appeared that, on average, teachers have higher perception ratings than do their students, and that divergence seems to be related to teaching style (in terms of students' perceptions). The present study investigated divergence and convergence in the perceptions of 72 teachers (from various subjects) and their classes (1,604 students) with the Questionnaire of Instructional Behaviour (QIB) and pertained to teacher control of student learning (strong, shared or loose), clarity and classroom management. Results showed that almost half of the teachers had higher perception scores than did their students, that no relationship existed between teacher experience and the amount of divergence, and that teaching style was related to the amount of divergence found. It is argued that more research is needed in the domain of learning environments research that can explain convergence and divergence between student and teacher perceptions.
Review of methods used to estimate non-milk extrinsic sugars.

BACKGROUND Those sugars in foods, which are potentially damaging to dental health, were classified by the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy (COMA) as non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES). The NMES include sugars outside the cellular structure of a food, excluding the sugars naturally present in milk and milk products. The NMES should contribute no more than 10% of energy intake (Department of Health, 1991). A number of studies have been published where NMES content of foods has been estimated. The purpose of this study was to carry out a comprehensive literature review using a methodical search strategy in order to identify the different methods that have been used for NMES estimation. METHODS Databases searched were MEDLINE, EMBASE, Health-CD and Health Management Information Consortium (HMIC) (as sources of UK government and other official publications). RESULTS In total, 32 publications were found in which NMES values were reported and five different methods to estimate NMES were identified. No published method provided sufficient information to clearly differentiate between methods and inadequate detail was given to support replication of any of the methods. Of these five methods, The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) have published three different descriptions of methods of NMES estimation used in UK national dietary surveys published since 1989. However, one method has been described consistently in the National Diet and Nutrition surveys published since 1994. CONCLUSIONS A single, uniform approach to the estimation of NMES for application in nutritional surveys is essential for cross-comparison between surveys. The results show that there is a clear need for one standardized approach for the estimation of NMES in foods.
Consumer style and health: The role of impulsive buying in unhealthy eating

Health psychologists have given surprisingly little attention to consumer behavior. This study focuses on the relationship between an impulsive consumer style and unhealthy eating. In a survey, moderate to strong correlations were found between low self-esteem, dispositional negative affect, impulse buying tendency, snacking habit, and eating disturbance propensity. Structural equation modeling was used to test a model of relations between these variables. Impulse buying tendency was strongly associated with snacking habit, which in turn was related to eating disturbance propensity. Impulse buying, though in itself a pleasurable activity, seemed driven by feelings of low self-esteem and dispositional negative affect. Low self-esteem had a direct link to eating disturbance propensity. The data fit a self-regulation explanation. The study demonstrates the relevance of consumer style for health-related behaviors.
A computational tool to improve flapping efficiency of robotic insects

We implement a 2D computational model to investigate the unsteady aerodynamic effects not captured by classical quasi-steady models. We compare numerical simulation results, experimental measurements and quasi-steady predictions to demonstrate the strength of the numerical tool in identifying unsteady fluid mechanisms and improving propulsive efficiency of flapping wing robots. In particular, this study quantifies the effect of the relative phase between wing degrees of freedom δ on lift and drag production. The computational model also identifies unsteady effects such as wake capture and downwash that are not accounted for in classical quasi-steady models. To examine the accuracy of our computational model, we fabricate millimeter-scale wings through the SCM fabrication processes and measure flapping kinematics and dynamics. The experiments show 2D computational model is 44% more accurate than the quasi-steady model and can be further used to improve wing morphology for better aerodynamic performance.
Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Pregnancy Outcomes

BACKGROUND: Clinical thyroid dysfunction has been associated with pregnancy complications such as hypertension, preterm birth, low birth weight, placental abruption, and fetal death. The relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and pregnancy outcomes has not been well studied. We undertook this prospective thyroid screening study to evaluate pregnancy outcomes in women with elevated thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH) and normal free thyroxine levels. METHODS: All women who presented to Parkland Hospital for prenatal care between November 1, 2000, and April 14, 2003, had thyroid screening using a chemiluminescent TSH assay. Women with TSH values at or above the 97.5th percentile for gestational age at screening and with free thyroxine more than 0.680 ng/dL were retrospectively identified with subclinical hypothyroidism. Pregnancy outcomes were compared with those in pregnant women with normal TSH values between the 5th and 95th percentiles. RESULTS: A total of 25,756 women underwent thyroid screening and were delivered of a singleton infant. There were 17,298 (67%) women enrolled for prenatal care at 20 weeks of gestation or less, and 404 (2.3%) of these were considered to have subclinical hypothyroidism. Pregnancies in women with subclinical hypothyroidism were 3 times more likely to be complicated by placental abruption (relative risk 3.0, 95% confidence interval 1.1–8.2). Preterm birth, defined as delivery at or before 34 weeks of gestation, was almost 2-fold higher in women with subclinical hypothyroidism (relative risk, 1.8, 95% confidence interval 1.1–2.9). CONCLUSION: We speculate that the previously reported reduction in intelligence quotient of offspring of women with subclinical hypothyroidism may be related to the effects of prematurity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II-2
Interfacial microfluidic processing of metal-organic framework hollow fiber membranes

High-surface-area gas separation membranes Membranes for gas separation require a combination of high surface area and selective transport pathways. Brown et al. present a potentially scalable route for making high-quality gas separation membranes in a high-surface-area configuration. Using two different solvents flowing in opposite directions, a metal-organic framework material was selectively deposited within hollow polymer fibers. The membranes showed high-performance separation capabilities when tested with mixtures of hydrocarbon gases. Science, this issue p. 72 Gas separation membranes are assembled from metal organic frameworks at the interfaces of porous polymer hollow fibers. Molecular sieving metal-organic framework (MOF) membranes have great potential for energy-efficient chemical separations, but a major hurdle is the lack of a scalable and inexpensive membrane fabrication mechanism. We describe a route for processing MOF membranes in polymeric hollow fibers, combining a two-solvent interfacial approach for positional control over membrane formation (at inner and outer surfaces, or in the bulk, of the fibers), a microfluidic approach to replenishment or recycling of reactants, and an in situ module for membrane fabrication and permeation. We fabricated continuous molecular sieving ZIF-8 membranes in single and multiple poly(amide-imide) hollow fibers, with H2/C3H8 and C3H6/C3H8 separation factors as high as 370 and 12, respectively. We also demonstrate positional control of the ZIF-8 films and characterize the contributions of membrane defects and lumen bypass.
Teaching Children About Aspects of Comfort in the Built Environment

This article presents specific teaching material for the primary school level that introduces basic concepts of environmental comfort. The authors developed 2 booklets to make children aware of the built environment. Following a postoccupancy evaluation of state schools in the city of Campinas, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, the research team saw the need to improve users' awareness of their physical environment. The booklets were tested in classroom settings and were considered important and interesting by both teachers and students. A second teaching experiment, through distance education, is also presented.
Motives for Rape

We develop a socio-sexual model and a punishment model of rape, borrowing from the theoretical literature on other forms of violence. Preliminary tests of these models are performed using victimization data from the National Crime Survey. In support of the socio-sexual model, younger women are more likely to be raped than older women during a robbery, suggesting a preference for younger women even when opportunity is controlled. In addition, nonstrategic violence is less likely during rapes involving younger offenders and victims, suggesting that these crimes are more likely to be sexually motivated. There is also evidence for the punishment model: Injury is more likely when the offender and victim are an estranged couple, suggesting that some men use rape and violence during rape to punish the victim for some grievance. Further, in contrast to robbery, offenders with weapons are more likely to injure victims, suggesting the nonstrategic use of violence.
Prostitution and Clients’ Responsibility

In the last decades of the twentieth century, a major change has occurred in the public understanding of prostitution, with the focus shifting from the sex worker to the client. On the social scientific side, studies on clients have growingly shed light on motivations and behaviors of men who buy sex. On the juridical-political side, in many countries across the globe a trend has emerged towards the criminalization of clients, represented as responsible for the perpetuation and proliferation of the sex market and for its oppressive and victimizing effects on sex workers. The aim of this paper is to retrace this turn and to discuss its political and cultural meaning, showing how the discourse on male responsibility in prostitution involves the risk of unilateral stances and partial views on the sex market. What I argue is that new gender-sensitive thinking on prostitution is needed, context-rooted and free from prejudicial understandings.
iStent with Phacoemulsification versus Phacoemulsification Alone for Patients with Glaucoma and Cataract: A Meta-Analysis

Background Minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS) have attracted significant attention, as they have been reported to lower intra-ocular pressure (IOP) and have an excellent safety profile. The iStent is an example of a minimally invasive glaucoma device that has received particular attention due to its early and wide spread utilization. There is a growing body of evidence supporting its use at the time of phacoemulsification to help lower IOP. However, it is still not clear how much of the IOP lowering effect can be attributed to the iStent, the crystalline lens extraction or both when inserted concurrently at the time of phacoemulsification. This has been an important issue in understanding its potential role in the glaucoma management paradigm. Purpose To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the IOP lowering effect of iStent insertion at the time of phacoemulsification versus phacoemulsification alone for patients with glaucoma and cataracts. Methods A systematic review was conducted utilizing various databases. Studies examining the IOP lowering effect of iStent insertion in combination with phacoemulsification, as well as studies examining the IOP lowering effect of phacoemulsification alone were included. Thirty-seven studies, reporting on 2495 patients, met the inclusion criteria. The percentage reduction in IOP (IOPR%) and mean reduction in topical glaucoma medications after surgery were determined. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was computed as a measure of the treatment effect for continuous outcomes taking into account heterogeneity. Fixed-effect and random-effect models were applied. Results A 4% IOP reduction (IOPR%) from baseline occurred following phacoemulsification as a solo procedure compared to 9% following an iStent implant with phacoemulsification, and 27% following 2 iStents implants with phacoemulsification. Compared with cataract extraction alone, iStent with phacoemulsification resulted in significant reduction in the post-operative IOP (IOPR%) (SMD = -0.46, 95% CI: [-0.87, -0.06]). A weighted mean reduction in the number of glaucoma medications per patient was 1.01 following phacoemulsification alone compared to 1.33 after one iStent implant with phacoemulsification, and 1.1 after 2 iStent implants with phacoemulsification. Compared to cataract extraction alone, iStent with cataract extraction showed a significant decrease in the number of glaucoma medications (SMD = -0.65, 95% CI: [-1.18, -0.12]). Funnel plots suggested the absence of publication bias. Conclusion Both iStent implantation with concurrent phacoemulsification and phacoemulsification alone result in a significant decrease in IOP and topical glaucoma medications. In terms of both reductions, iStent with phacoemulsification significantly outperforms phacoemulsification alone.