Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implementing the NHS information technology programme: qualitative study of progress in acute trusts

Objectives To describe progress and perceived challenges in implementing the NHS information and technology (IT) programme in England. Design Case studies and in-depth interviews, with themes identified using a framework developed from grounded theory. We interviewed personnel who had been interviewed 18 months earlier, or new personnel in the same posts. Setting Four NHS acute hospital trusts in England. Participants Senior trust managers and clinicians, including chief executives, directors of IT, medical directors, and directors of nursing. Results Interviewees unreservedly supported the goals of the programme but had several serious concerns. As before, implementation is hampered by local financial deficits, delays in implementing patient administration systems that are compliant with the programme, and poor communication between Connecting for Health (the agency responsible for the programme) and local managers. New issues were raised. Local managers cannot prioritise implementing the programme because of competing financial priorities and uncertainties about the programme. They perceive a growing risk to patients' safety associated with delays and a loss of integration of components of the programme, and are discontented with Choose and Book (electronic booking for referrals from primary care). Conclusions We recommend that the programme sets realistic timetables for individual trusts and advises managers about interim IT systems they have to purchase because of delays outside their control. Advice needs to be mindful of the need for trusts to ensure longer term compatibility with the programme and value for money. Trusts need assistance in prioritising modernisation of IT by, for example, including implementation of the programme in the performance management framework. Even with Connecting for Health adopting a different approach of setting central standards with local implementation, these issues will still need to be addressed. Lessons learnt in the NHS have wider relevance as healthcare systems, such as in France and Australia, look to realise the potential of large scale IT modernisation.
Batch Continuous-Time Trajectory Estimation as Exactly Sparse Gaussian Process Regression

In this paper, we revisit batch state estimation through the lens of Gaussian process (GP) regression. We consider continuous-discrete estimation problems wherein a trajectory is viewed as a one-dimensional GP, with time as the independent variable. Our continuous-time prior can be defined by any linear, time-varying stochastic differential equation driven by white noise; this allows the possibility of smoothing our trajectory estimates using a variety of vehicle dynamics models (e.g., ‘constant-velocity’). We show that this class of prior results in an inverse kernel matrix (i.e., covariance matrix between all pairs of measurement times) that is exactly sparse (block-tridiagonal) and that this can be exploited to carry out GP regression (and interpolation) very efficiently. Though the prior is continuous, we consider measurements to occur at discrete times. When the measurement model is also linear, this GP approach is equivalent to classical, discrete-time smoothing (at the measurement times). When the measurement model is nonlinear, we iterate over the whole trajectory (as is common in vision and robotics) to maximize accuracy. We test the approach experimentally on a simultaneous trajectory estimation and mapping problem using a mobile robot dataset.
Polyparasite Helminth Infections and Their Association to Anaemia and Undernutrition in Northern Rwanda

Background Intestinal schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections constitute major public health problems in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. In this study we examined the functional significance of such polyparasite infections in anemia and undernutrition in Rwandan individuals. Methods Three polyparasite infection profiles were defined, in addition to a reference profile that consisted of either no infections or low-intensity infection with only one of the focal parasite species. Logistic regression models were applied to data of 1,605 individuals from 6 schools in 2 districts of the Northern Province before chemotherapeutic treatment in order to correctly identify individuals who were at higher odds of being anaemic and/or undernourished. Findings Stunted relative to nonstunted, and males compared to females, were found to be at higher odds of being anaemic independently of polyparasite infection profile. The odds of being wasted were 2-fold greater for children with concurrent infection of at least 2 parasites at M+ intensity compared to those children with the reference profile. Males compared to females and anaemic compared to nonanaemic children were significantly more likely to be stunted. None of the three polyparasite infection profiles were found to have significant effects on stunting. Conclusion The present data suggest that the levels of polyparasitism, and infection intensities in the Rwandan individuals examined here may be lower as compared to other recent similar epidemiological studies in different regions across sub-Saharan Africa. Neither the odds of anaemia nor the odds of stunting were found to be significantly different in the three-polyparasite infection profiles. However, the odds of wasting were higher in those children with at least two parasites at M+ intensity compared to those children with the reference profile. Nevertheless, despite the low morbidity levels indicated in the population under study here, we recommend sustainable efforts for the deworming of affected populations to be continued in order to support the economic development of the country.
Metabolic and Kidney Disorders Correlate with High Atazanavir Concentrations in HIV-Infected Patients: Is It Time to Revise Atazanavir Dosages?

Introduction Ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (ATV/r) is a relatively well tolerated antiretroviral drug. However, side effects including hyperbilirubinemia, dyslipidemia, nephrolithiasis and cholelithiasis have been reported in the medium and long term. Unboosted ATV may be selected for some patients because it has fewer gastrointestinal adverse effects, less hyperbilirubinemia and less impact on lipid profiles. Methods We investigated the distribution of ATV plasma trough concentrations according to drug dosage and the potential relationship between ATV plasma trough concentrations and drug-related adverse events in a consecutive series of 240 HIV-infected patients treated with ATV/r 300/100 mg (68%) or ATV 400 mg (32%). Results 43.9% of patients treated with ATV/r 300/100 mg had ATV concentrations exceeding the upper therapeutic threshold. A significant and direct association has been observed between the severity of hyperbilirubinemia and ATV plasma trough concentrations (ATV concentrations: 271 [77–555], 548 [206–902], 793 [440–1164], 768 [494–1527] and 1491 [1122–1798] ng/mL in patients with grade 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hyperbilirubinemia, respectively). In an exploratory analysis we found that patients with dyslipidemia or nephrolitiasis had ATV concentrations significantly higher (582 [266–1148], and 1098 [631–1238] ng/mL, respectively) (p<0.001), as compared with patients with no ATV-related complications (218 [77–541] ng/mL). Conclusions A significant proportion of patients treated with the conventional dosage of ATV (300/100) had plasma concentrations exceeding the upper therapeutic threshold. These patients that are at high risk to experience ATV-related complications may benefit from TDM-driven adjustments in ATV dosage with potential advantages in terms of costs and toxicity.
Barycentric Location Estimation for Wireless Network Indoors Localization

The localization requirements for mobile nodes in wireless (sensor) networks are increasing. However, most research works are based on range measurements between nodes which are often oversensitive to the measurement error. In this paper we propose a location estimation scheme based on moving nodes that opportunistically exchange known positions. The user couples a linear matrix inequality (LMI) method with a barycenter computation to estimate its position. Simulations have shown that the accuracy of the estimation increases when the number of known positions increases, the radio range decreases and the node speeds increase. The proposed method only depends on a maximum RSS threshold to take into account a known position, which makes it robust and easy to implement. To obtain an accuracy of 1 meter, a user may have to wait at the same position for 5 minutes, with 8 pedestrians moving within range on average.
Photosynthetic Versatility in the Genome of Geitlerinema sp. PCC 9228 (Formerly Oscillatoria limnetica ‘Solar Lake’), a Model Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Cyanobacterium

Anoxygenic cyanobacteria that use sulfide as the electron donor for photosynthesis are a potentially influential but poorly constrained force on Earth’s biogeochemistry. Their versatile metabolism may have boosted primary production and nitrogen cycling in euxinic coastal margins in the Proterozoic. In addition, they represent a biological mechanism for limiting the accumulation of atmospheric oxygen, especially before the Great Oxidation Event and in the low-oxygen conditions of the Proterozoic. In this study, we describe the draft genome sequence of Geitlerinema sp. PCC 9228, formerly Oscillatoria limnetica ‘Solar Lake’, a mat-forming diazotrophic cyanobacterium that can switch between oxygenic photosynthesis and sulfide-based anoxygenic photosynthesis (AP). Geitlerinema possesses three variants of psbA, which encodes protein D1, a core component of the photosystem II reaction center. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that one variant is closely affiliated with cyanobacterial psbA genes that code for a D1 protein used for oxygen-sensitive processes. Another version is phylogenetically similar to cyanobacterial psbA genes that encode D1 proteins used under microaerobic conditions, and the third variant may be cued to high light and/or elevated oxygen concentrations. Geitlerinema has the canonical gene for sulfide quinone reductase (SQR) used in cyanobacterial AP and a putative transcriptional regulatory gene in the same operon. Another operon with a second, distinct sqr and regulatory gene is present, and is phylogenetically related to sqr genes used for high sulfide concentrations. The genome has a comprehensive nif gene suite for nitrogen fixation, supporting previous observations of nitrogenase activity. Geitlerinema possesses a bidirectional hydrogenase rather than the uptake hydrogenase typically used by cyanobacteria in diazotrophy. Overall, the genome sequence of Geitlerinema sp. PCC 9228 highlights potential cyanobacterial strategies to cope with fluctuating redox gradients and nitrogen availability that occur in benthic mats over a diel cycle. Such dynamic geochemical conditions likely also challenged Proterozoic cyanobacteria, modulating oxygen production. The genetic repertoire that underpins flexible oxygenic/anoxygenic photosynthesis in cyanobacteria provides a foundation to explore the regulation, evolutionary context, and biogeochemical implications of these co-occurring metabolisms in Earth history.
Are you emoji savvy? Exploring nonverbal communication through emojis

Courses: Undergraduate courses in interpersonal communication, nonverbal communication, relational communication, computer-mediated communication (CMC), and intercultural communication, as well as basic communication courses. Objectives: The purpose of this activity is twofold: (1) to demonstrate how nonverbal communication shapes content and relational meaning in interpersonal communication; and (2) to demonstrate how nonverbal communication is rule-guided and influenced by culture.
Linking High Risk Postpartum Women with a Technology Enabled Health Coaching Program to Reduce Diabetes Risk and Improve Wellbeing: Program Description, Case Studies, and Recommendations for Community Health Coaching Programs

Background. Low-income minority women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (pGDM) or high BMIs have increased risk for chronic illnesses postpartum. Although the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) provides an evidence-based model for reducing diabetes risk, few community-based interventions have adapted this program for pGDM women. Methods. STAR MAMA is an ongoing randomized control trial (RCT) evaluating a hybrid HIT/Health Coaching DPP-based 20-week postpartum program for diabetes prevention compared with education from written materials at baseline. Eligibility includes women 18–39 years old, ≥32 weeks pregnant, and GDM or BMI > 25. Clinic- and community-based recruitment in San Francisco and Sonoma Counties targets 180 women. Sociodemographic and health coaching data from a preliminary sample are presented. Results. Most of the 86 women included to date (88%) have GDM, 80% were identified as Hispanic/Latina, 78% have migrant status, and most are Spanish-speaking. Women receiving the intervention indicate high engagement, with 86% answering 1+ calls. Health coaching callbacks last an average of 9 minutes with range of topics discussed. Case studies presented convey a range of emotional, instrumental, and health literacy-related supports offered by health coaches. Discussion. The DPP-adapted HIT/health coaching model highlights the possibility and challenge of delivering DPP content to postpartum women in community settings. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02240420.
HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE IMAGING OF POST-STARBURST QUASARS

We present images of 29 post-starburst quasars (PSQs) from a Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) Wide Field Channel Snapshot program. These broadlined active galactic nuclei (AGNs) possess the spectral signatures of massive (Mburst ∼ 1010 M☉), moderate-aged stellar populations (hundreds of Myr). Thus, their composite nature provides insight into the AGN–starburst connection. We measure quasar-to-host galaxy light contributions via semi-automated two-dimensional light profile fits of point-spread-function-subtracted images. We examine the host morphologies and model the separate bulge and disk components. The HST/ACS-F606W images reveal an equal number of spiral (13/29) and early-type (13/29) hosts, with the remaining three hosts having indeterminate classifications. AGNs hosted by early-type galaxies have on average greater luminosity than those hosted by spiral galaxies. Disturbances such as tidal tails, shells, star-forming knots, and asymmetries are seen as signposts of interaction/merger activity. Disturbances like these were found in 17 of the 29 objects and are evenly distributed among early-type and spiral galaxies. Two of these systems are clearly merging with their companions. Compared to other AGNs of similar luminosity and redshift, these PSQs have a higher fraction of early-type hosts and disturbances. Our most luminous objects with disturbed early-type host galaxies appear to be consistent with merger products. Thus, these luminous galaxies may represent a phase in an evolutionary scenario for merger-driven activity. Our less luminous objects appear to be consistent with Seyfert galaxies not requiring triggering by major mergers. Many of these Seyferts are barred spiral galaxies.
The Role of Striatum in Initiation and Execution of Learned Action Sequences in Rats

To understand the role of striatum in motor sequence learning, we trained rats to perform a series of tasks measuring speed and accuracy of responding to luminance cues presented as discriminative stimuli for single nose pokes or for sequences of nose pokes in a serial reaction time task. Habit (stimulus–response) learning was measured by comparing performances when stimuli were repeated (predictable) with when they were selected randomly (unpredictable). Sequences had defined start and end points and were limited to five nose pokes to minimize chunking. When sequences were repeated, response time (RT) increased for nose pokes initiating the sequence and decreased for nose pokes completing it. These effects developed incrementally across sessions, consistent with the time course of habit learning. Medial (mCPu), lateral, and complete (CPu) caudate–putamen lesions affected speed and accuracy of single nose poke responses, confirming the role of these areas in guiding responses with external sensory stimuli. None of these lesions affected the short-term increase in accuracy observed when single nose poke responses were repeated. Both mCPu and CPu lesions increased RTs for initiating sequential responses, effects that were exacerbated across sessions in which specific sequences were repeated. None of the lesions affected the gradual decrease in RT for nose pokes completing repeated sequences. Correlational analyses confirmed the relationship between the extent of dorsal striatal damage and the ability to respond to brief luminance cues and to initiate learned sequences. These results provide evidence implicating dorsal striatum in higher-level organizational aspects of learning reflected in planning that precedes the execution of learned action sequences.
The Costs and Benefits of Early Sport Specialization: A Critical Review of Literature

ABSTRACT There is a growing trend toward specialization in American youth sport, evident in the number of elite youth competitions and position statements from major medical organizations. Despite growing interest on this topic for kinesiology professionals within higher education, there is a dearth in research regarding the relationship between specialization and athlete health outcomes, especially psychosocial outcomes. This critical review describes specialization theory and the limited extant research on the costs and benefits of single-sport specialization. Topics include: (a) the proposed benefits of specialization from the performance perspective; (b) early specialization and alternative sport participation pathways; (c) the posited psychosocial and physical health risks of sport specialization; (d) ethical concerns; and (e) methodological issues and recommendations for future research. Deeper understanding of the costs and benefits of sport specialization has significant practical implications for youth athletes’ performance and well-being and for other relevant stakeholders in the youth sport system.
Energy Conservation Clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks for Increased Life Time

Energy has always been the main issue for wireless sensor networks because in many situations battery recharging or replenishment is not possible. Many solutions have been provided for energy conservation. Clustering protocols have been successful for solving this issue to an extent but are not perfect. In our proposed algorithm we utilize the ability of the sensor nodes to control their transmission power range. By utilizing this ability we are able to minimize their intra cluster energy. Although this is local energy saving but this leads us to minimization of overall network energy consumption. The other thing that can be considered is about the task of a cluster head in clustering algorithms where cluster-head is doing the task as transmitter and receiver simultaneously. Providing these tasks to a single node is not efficient. So we are introducing the notion of a special node called s-node where this s-node is working as a transmitter for a cluster and sending the aggregated data to the sink. We have simulated the proposed scheme with LEACH and LEACH-C protocol and simulation results show that the proposed scheme is better in terms of network life time than both protocols.
Compensation committee attributes and the treatment of earnings management in bonuses

We examine whether the weights on earning components used to determine CEO cash compensation vary based the extent to which compensation committees have greater ability to understand potential discretion in earnings. Using professional accounting experience or concurrent membership on the audit committee as proxies for greater accounting expertise, we find that concurrent membership on the audit committee is related to lower weight on positive discretionary accruals and greater weight on stock returns, consistent with this expertise results in adjustments to compensation contracts. When expertise derives from professional experience, we find greater weight on earnings and negative discretionary accruals, suggesting that the committee uses its knowledge of earnings quality to weight all earnings measures reflecting executive effort. We also find some support that the contracts are written with the ex-ante expectation of earnings management, not simply adjusted for ex-post outcomes. Together, our results suggest that accounting knowledge in the compensation committee affects the weights of earnings but that weights on earnings susceptible to discretion may also be the result of board structure, in particular, the lack of task separation among the board’s committees.
Fixed points of bregman relatively nonexpansive mappings and solutions of variational inequality problems

In this paper, we propose an iterative scheme for finding a common point of the fixed point set of a Bregman relatively nonexpansive mapping and the solution set of a variational inequality problem for a continuous monotone mapping. We prove a strong convergence theorem for the sequences produced by the method. Our results improve and generalize various recent results. c ©2016 All rights reserved.
Flatness based control of oscillators

The aim of this paper is to present some recent developments and hints for future researches in control inspired of flatness‐based ideas. We focus on motion planning: Steering a system from one state to another. We do not consider stabilization and trajectory tracking. We explain how explicit trajectory parameterization, a property that is central for flat systems, can be useful for the feed‐forward control of various oscillatory systems (linear, non‐linear , finite and infinite dimensional) of physical and engineering interests. Such parameterization provide simple algorithms to generate in real‐time trajectories.
A generalized method of moments estimator for a spatial model with moving average errors, with application to real estate prices

This paper proposes a new GMM estimator for spatial regression models with moving average errors. Monte Carlo results are given which suggest that the GMM estimates are consistent and robust to non-normality, and the Bootstrap method is suggested as a way of testing the significance of the moving average parameter. The estimator is applied in a model of English real estate prices, in which the concepts of displaced demand and displaced supply are introduced to derive the spatial lag of prices, and the moving average error process represents spatially autocorrelated unmodelled variables.