Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geospatial accuracy of small unmanned airborne system data in the coastal environment

The purpose of this special report is to document the collection of high spatial resolution image data acquired from an unmanned airborne system (UAS) in a coastal environment over the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Field Research Facility in Duck, NC, to assess the geospatial accuracy of various software processing packages. Imagery data from two missions (one flight from October 2015 and a second from September 2016) were collected using a fixed-wing SenseFly eBee drone platform. Four commercial processing packages were used to generate standard geospatial products to include digital surface models and orthometric mosaics. Geospatial accuracy was assessed via 11 checkpoints spread throughout the 70 hectare site. Results showed that accuracy differed by software package, which could be partially related to the photogrammetric processing approaches. Three-dimensional root mean square error ranged from 0.54 to 0.06 meter. The study also showed the importance of image collection strategy, camera parameter settings, and ground control point/checkpoint design when attempting to assess geospatial accuracy from UAS platforms in the coastal environment. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. DESTROY THIS REPORT WHEN NO LONGER NEEDED. DO NOT RETURN IT TO THE ORIGINATOR.
Where to Put the Kids? Effects of Type of Non-Parental Child Care on Pre-Teen Skills and Risky Behavior

This paper investigates pre-teenage effects of the choice of type of non-parental child care at age three (preschool relative to more informal family day care). We exploit a Danish panel data child survey merged with administrative records along with a pseudo-experiment that generates variation in the take-up of preschool across municipalities. As outcomes, we consider measures of overall and risky behavior in addition to objective and self-evaluated abilities. We find no strong evidence that one type of non-parental care outperforms the other, though children who have been placed in preschool tend to like school better.
Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase promotes oxidized LDL/oxysterol-induced apoptosis in macrophages Published, JLR Papers in Press, July 1, 2005. DOI 10.1194/jlr.M500101-JLR200

7-Ketocholesterol (7KC) is a cytotoxic component of oxidized low density lipoproteins (OxLDLs) and induces apoptosis in macrophages by a mechanism involving the activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2). In the current study, we examined the role of ACAT in 7KC-induced and OxLDL-induced apoptosis in murine macrophages. An ACAT inhibitor, Sandoz 58-035, suppressed 7KC-induced apoptosis in P388D1 cells and both 7KC-induced and OxLDL-induced apoptosis in mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs). Furthermore, compared with wild-type MPMs, ACAT-1-deficient MPMs demonstrated significant resistance to both 7KC-induced and OxLDL-induced apoptosis. Macrophages treated with 7KC accumulated ACAT-derived [14C]cholesteryl and [3H]7-ketocholesteryl esters. Tandem LC-MS revealed that the 7KC esters contained primarily saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. An inhibitor of cPLA2, arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone, prevented the accumulation of 7KC esters and inhibited 7KC-induced apoptosis in P388D1 cells. The decrease in 7KC ester accumulation produced by the inhibition of cPLA2 was reversed by supplementing with either oleic or arachidonic acid (AA); however, only AA supplementation restored the induction of apoptosis by 7KC. These results suggest that 7KC not only initiates the apoptosis pathway by activating cPLA2, as we have reported previously, but also participates in the downstream signaling pathway when esterified by ACAT to form 7KC-arachidonate.
Panoramic GALEX Far- and Near-Ultraviolet Imaging of M31 and M33

We present Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) far-UV (FUV) and near-UV (NUV) mosaic observations covering the entirety of M31 and M33. For both targets, we measure the decline of surface brightness (in FUV and NUV) and changes in FUV - NUV color as a function of galactocentric radius. These UV radial profiles are compared to the distribution of ionized gas traced by Hα emission. We find that the extent of the UV emission, in both targets, is greater than the extent of the observed H II regions and diffuse ionized gas. We determine the ultraviolet diffuse fraction in M33 using our FUV observations and compare it to the Hα diffuse fraction obtained from wide-field narrowband imaging. The FUV diffuse fraction appears to be remarkably constant near 0.65 over a large range in galactocentric radius, with departures to higher values in circumnuclear regions and, most notably, at the limit of the Hα disk. We suggest that the increase in the FUV diffuse fraction at large galactocentric radii could indicate that a substantial portion of the diffuse emission beyond this point is not generated in situ but rather scattered from dust, after originating in the vicinity of the disk's outermost H II regions. The radial variation of the Hα diffuse fraction was also measured. We found the Hα diffuse fraction generally near 0.4 but rising toward the galaxy center, up to 0.6. We made no attempt to correct our diffuse fraction measurements for position-dependent extinction, so the quoted values are best interpreted as upper limits given the plausibly higher extinction for stellar clusters relative to their surroundings.
Release of Sequestered Malaria Parasites upon Injection of a Glycosaminoglycan

Severe human malaria is attributable to an excessive sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum–infected and uninfected erythrocytes in vital organs. Strains of P. falciparum that form rosettes and employ heparan sulfate as a host receptor are associated with development of severe forms of malaria. Heparin, which is similar to heparan sulfate in that it is composed of the same building blocks, was previously used in the treatment of severe malaria, but it was discontinued due to the occurrence of serious side effects such as intracranial bleedings. Here we report to have depolymerized heparin by periodate treatment to generate novel glycans (dGAG) that lack anticoagulant-activity. The dGAGs disrupt rosettes, inhibit merozoite invasion of erythrocytes and endothelial binding of P. falciparum–infected erythrocytes in vitro, and reduce sequestration in in vivo models of severe malaria. An intravenous injection of dGAGs blocks up to 80% of infected erythrocytes from binding in the micro-vasculature of the rat and releases already sequestered parasites into circulation. P. falciparum–infected human erythrocytes that sequester in the non-human primate Macaca fascicularis were similarly found to be released in to the circulation upon a single injection of 500 μg of dGAG. We suggest dGAGs to be promising candidates for adjunct therapy in severe malaria.
Mixed-Lipid Storage Disorder Induced in Macrophages and Fibroblasts by Oritavancin (LY333328), a New Glycopeptide Antibiotic with Exceptional Cellular Accumulation

ABSTRACT Oritavancin, a semisynthetic derivative of vancomycin endowed with a cationic amphiphilic character, accumulates to large extent in the lysosomes of eukaryotic cells (F. Van Bambeke, S. Carryn, C. Seral, H. Chanteux, D. Tyteca, M. P. Mingeot-Leclercq, and P. M. Tulkens, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48:2853-2860, 2004). In the present study, we examined whether this accumulation could cause cell alterations in phagocytic (J774 mouse macrophages) and nonphagocytic (rat embryo fibroblasts) cells exposed to clinically meaningful (0- to 40-mg/liter) concentrations of oritavancin. Optical and electronic microscopy evidenced conspicuous alterations of the vacuolar apparatus in both cell types, characterized by the deposition of concentric lamellar structures, finely granular material, or other less-defined osmiophilic material, often deposed in giant vesicles. Biochemical studies showed an accumulation of phospholipids (1.5× control values) and free and esterified cholesterol (3 to 4× control values for total cholesterol). Accumulation of these lipids was in close relation to that of oritavancin (excess phospholipid/oritavancin and excess cholesterol/oritavancin molar ratios of 2 to 3 and 3 to 5, respectively). Cholesterol accumulation was rapid and reversible, and that of phospholipids was slower and poorly reversible. Vancomycin and teicoplanin, used as controls (50 and 100 mg/liter, respectively), did not cause any significant change in the lipid content of fibroblasts. The data therefore suggest that oritavancin has the potential to cause a mixed-lipid storage disorder in eukaryotic cells.
CSDFa: A Model for Exploiting the Trade-Off between Data and Pipeline Parallelism

Real-time stream processing applications, such as Software Defined Radio applications, are often executed concurrently on multiprocessor systems. A unified data flow model and analysis method have been proposed that can be used to simultaneously determine the amount of pipeline and coarse-grained data parallelism required to meet the temporal constraints of such applications. However, this unified model is only defined for Synchronous Data Flow (SDF) graphs. Defining a unified model for a more expressive model such as Cyclo-Static Data Flow (CSDF) is not possible, because auto-concurrency can cause a time-dependent order of tokens and dependencies. This paper introduces the Cyclo-Static Data Flow with Auto-concurrency (CSDFa) model. In CSDFa, tokens have indices and the consumption order of tokens is static and time-independent. This allows expressing and trading off pipeline and coarse-grained data parallelism in a single, unified model. Furthermore, we introduce a new type of circular buffer that implements the same static order as is used by the CSDFa model. The overhead of operations on this buffer is independent of the amount of auto-concurrency, which corresponds to the constant firing durations in the CSDFa model. Exploiting the trade-off between data and pipeline parallelism with the CSDFa model is demonstrated with a part of a FMCW radar processing pipeline. We show that the CSDFa model enables optimizing the balance between processing units and memory, resulting in a significant reduction of silicon area. Additionally, it is shown that reducing the maximum allowed latency increases the minimum required amount of data parallelism by up to a factor of 16.
Parental representation in patients with major depression, anxiety disorder and mixed conditions

Differences in parental bonding between patients with pure major depression, mixed anxiety‐depression and pure anxiety disorders were investigated in 272 consecutive outpatients. A low parental care score seemed to be the best discriminating variable between the mixed group and the 3 other groups. This study supports previous family and twin studies as well as clinical studies emphasizing the mixed group as a special disorder group, possibly with a different etiology. The role of the father in child development seems to be particularly important.
A family of parallel-prefix modulo 2/sup n/-1 adders

We reveal the cyclic nature of idempotency in the case of modulo 2/sup n/-1 addition. Then based on this property, we derive for each n, a family of minimum logic depth modulo 2/sup n/-1 adders, which allows several trade-offs between the number of operators, the internal wire length, and the fanout of internal nodes. Performance data, gathered using static CMOS implementations, reveal that the proposed architectures outperform all previously reported ones in terms of area and/or operation speed.
Doxorubicin Induced Nephrotoxicity: Protective Effect of Nicotinamide

Introduction. Nephrotoxicity is one of the important side effects of anthracycline antibiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nicotinamide (NAD), an antioxidant agent, against nephrotoxicity induced by doxorubicin (DXR). Methods. The rats were divided into control, NAD alone, doxorubicin (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and DXR plus NAD (200 mg/kg, i.p.) groups. At the end of the 10th day, kidney tissues were removed for light microscopy and analysis. The level of tissues' catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) activities were determined. Results. The activities of CAT, GPx, and GSH were decreased, and Po was increased in renal tissue of doxorubicin group compared with other groups. The tissue of the doxorubicin group showed some histopathological changes such as glomerular vacuolization and degeneration, adhesion to Bowman's capsule and thickening and untidiness of tubular and glomerular capillary basement membranes. Histopathological examination showed that NAD prevented partly DXR-induced tubular and glomerular damage. Conclusions. Pretreatment with NAD protected renal tissues against DXR-induced nephrotoxicity. Preventive effects of NAD on these renal lesions may be via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action.
Salivary Proteins Associated with Periodontitis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The objective of this study was to investigate the salivary proteins that are associated with periodontitis in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Volunteers for the study were patients from the Diabetic Unit, University of Malaya Medical Centre, whose periodontal status was determined. The diabetic volunteers were divided into two groups, i.e., patients with periodontitis and those who were periodontally healthy. Saliva samples were collected and treated with 10% TCA/acetone/20 mM DTT to precipitate the proteins, which were then separated using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Gel images were scanned using the GS-800TM Calibrated Densitometer. The protein spots were analyzed and expressed in percentage volumes. The percentage volume of each protein spot was subjected to Mann-Whitney statistical analysis using SPSS software and false discovery rate correction. When the expression of the salivary proteins was compared between the T2DM patients with periodontitis with those who were periodontally healthy, seven proteins, including polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, plastin-2, actin related protein 3, leukocyte elastase inhibitor, carbonic anhydrases 6, immunoglobulin J and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, were found to be differentially expressed (p < 0.01304). This implies that the proteins may have the potential to be used as biomarkers for the prediction of T2DM patients who may be prone to periodontitis.
Complete depletion in prestellar cores

We have carried out calculations of ionization equilibrium and deuterium fractionation for conditions appropriate to a completely depleted, low mass pre-protostellar core, where heavy elements such as C, N, and O have vanished from the gas phase and are incorporated in ice mantles frozen on dust grain surfaces. We put particular emphasis on the interpretation of recent observations of H 2 D + towards the centre of the prestellar core L 1544 (Caselli et al. [CITE]) and also compute the ambipolar diffusion timescale. We consider explicitly the ortho and para forms of H 2 , H$_{3}^{+}$, and H 2 D + . Our results show that the ionization degree under such conditions depends sensitively on the grain size distribution or, more precisely, on the mean grain surface area per hydrogen nucleus. Depending upon this parameter and upon density, the major ion may be H + , H$_{3}^{+}$, or D$_{3}^{+}$. We show that the abundance of ortho-H 2 D + observed towards L 1544 can be explained satisfactorily in terms of a complete depletion model and that this species is, as a consequence, an important tracer of the kinematics of prestellar cores.
Photovoltaic retinal prosthesis: implant fabrication and performance

The objective of this work is to develop and test a photovoltaic retinal prosthesis for restoring sight to patients blinded by degenerative retinal diseases. A silicon photodiode array for subretinal stimulation has been fabricated by a silicon-integrated-circuit/MEMS process. Each pixel in the two-dimensional array contains three series-connected photodiodes, which photovoltaically convert pulsed near-infrared light into bi-phasic current to stimulate nearby retinal neurons without wired power connections. The device thickness is chosen to be 30 µm to absorb a significant portion of light while still being thin enough for subretinal implantation. Active and return electrodes confine current near each pixel and are sputter coated with iridium oxide to enhance charge injection levels and provide a stable neural interface. Pixels are separated by 5 µm wide trenches to electrically isolate them and to allow nutrient diffusion through the device. Three sizes of pixels (280, 140 and 70 µm) with active electrodes of 80, 40 and 20 µm diameter were fabricated. The turn-on voltages of the one-diode, two-series-connected diode and three-series-connected diode structures are approximately 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 V, respectively. The measured photo-responsivity per diode at 880 nm wavelength is ∼0.36 A W−1, at zero voltage bias and scales with the exposed silicon area. For all three pixel sizes, the reverse-bias dark current is sufficiently low (<100 pA) for our application. Pixels of all three sizes reliably elicit retinal responses at safe near-infrared light irradiances, with good acceptance of the photodiode array in the subretinal space. The fabricated device delivers efficient retinal stimulation at safe near-infrared light irradiances without any wired power connections, which greatly simplifies the implantation procedure. Presence of the return electrodes in each pixel helps to localize the current, and thereby improves resolution.
Sex Differences in Infant Rhesus Macaque Separation–Rejection Vocalizations and Effects of Prenatal Androgens

Infant and juvenile rhesus macaques exhibit many sexually dimorphic behaviors, including rough and tumble play, mounting, and time spent with nonmother females. This study investigated sex differences in infant rhesus monkey separation-rejection vocalizations (SRVs), and the effects of altering the prenatal hormone environment on these differences. Pregnant females received exogenous androgen (testosterone enanthate), an androgen antagonist (flutamide), or vehicle injections for 30 or 35 days during the second (early) or third (late) trimester of pregnancy. Control females used a greater percentage of coos and arched screams than did control males. In contrast, males used a greater percentage of geckers and noisy screams than did females. Females also had longer SRV bouts, used more calls, and used more types of vocalizations than did males. Mothers were more likely to respond to the SRVs of male infants than to the SRVs of female infants. Prenatal flutamide treatment early in gestation reduced the likelihood that mothers would respond to their male offspring, but prenatal androgen treatment had no effect on response rates of mothers to female offspring. Early, but not late, androgen treatment produced females who vocalized in a male-typical manner. Similarly, early flutamide treatment produced males who displayed more female-typical SRVs. Late flutamide treatments of females produced as much masculinization of SRVs as did early androgen treatment in females. These results demonstrate sex differences in highly emotional vocalizations in infant rhesus macaques and provide evidence that the timing and form of prenatal hormonal exposure influence such vocalizations.
Stationary Birth-and-Death Processes Fit to Queues with Periodic Arrival Rate Functions

To better understand what queueing models are appropriate for complex service systems such as hospital emergency departments, we suggest fitting a general state-dependent birthand-death (BD) process to system data recording the number in system over a time interval To facilitate interpretation of the fitted BD rate functions, we investigate the consequences of fitting a BD process to a multi-server Mt/GI/s queue with a nonhomogeneous Poisson arrival process having a periodic time-varying rate function. The fitted death rates consistently have the same piecewise-linear structure previously found for the GI/GI/s model, independent of the service-time distribution, but the fitted birth rates have a very different structure, with a similar linear structure around the average occupancy, but constant limits at large and small arguments. Under minor regularity conditions, the fitted BD process has the same steady-state distribution as the original queue length process as the sample size increases. The steady-state distribution can be estimated efficiently by fitting a parametric function to the observed birth and death rates.
Sand fly Surveillance within an Emerging Epidemic Focus of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Southeastern Iran

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major has become a hot topic in Iran. The objective of this study was to determine some ecological aspects of sand flies in the study area. Methods: Sand flies were collected biweekly from indoors and outdoors fixed places in the selected villages, using 30 sticky paper traps from the beginning to the end of the active season of 2006 in Kerman Province, south of Iran. The flies were mounted and identified. Some blood fed and gravid female sand flies of rodent burrows and indoors were dissected and examined microscopically for natural promastigote infection of Leishmania parasite during August to September. Results: In total, 2439 specimens comprising 8 species (3 Phlebotomus and 5 Sergentomyia) were identified. The most common sand fly was P. papatasi and represented 87.1% of sand flies from indoors and 57.2% from outdoors. The activity of the species extended from April to end October. There are two peaks in the density curve of this species, one in June and the second in August. Natural promastigote infection was found in P. papatasi (12.7%). Conclusion: Phlebotomus papatasi is considered as a probable vector among gerbils and to humans with a high percentage of promastigote infection in this new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The Bahraman area which until recently was unknown as an endemic area seems now to represent a focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in Iran.
Fuzzy modeling to predict short and long-term mortality among patients with Acute Kidney Injury

Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects 5 to 7% of all hospitalized patients, with a much higher incidence in the critically ill. Although AKI patients have increased risks of death in the intensive care units (ICU) and in the short term, few studies examined the association between the diagnosis of AKI and long-term outcomes. The aim of this study is to address the prediction of short and long-term mortality in patients that presented AKI diagnosis at their hospital admission. Demographic, clinical, physiologic, and date of death data of ICU patients were extracted from the MIMIC-III database to develop predictive models. Fuzzy models are developed using fuzzy c-means and Gustafson-Kessel algorithms to predict mortality in the ICU within 24 hours, when the patients had an ICD-9 admission diagnosis of AKI. The proposed models achieved an AUC of 0.77, which is slightly better than the results obtained by Celi et al. [1] that obtained an AUC of 0.74. Thus, AKI revealed to be a significant risk factor for in-hospital and long-term mortality for ICU patients.