Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Chernobyl accident and pregnancy outcome

The Chernobyl accident occurred on April 26, 1986, and resulted in widespread, low-level radioactive exposure of large parts of Europe. Public concern concentrated on the possible risks of cancer development and abnormalities in pregnancies. Actual measurements performed indicated that any such risk must be small, if it existed at all, but a series of studies were performed concentrating on reproduction. An extensive review was published by Little (1). Different outcomes have been investigated and different methodological approaches have been used. Some findings have received general publicity, usually when some anomaly in reproduction outcome has been indicated, quite often before final scientific facts were available. In one example, on January 31, 1990, it was stated in one of the major newspapers in Sweden (Dagens Nyheter) that a marked increase in congenital malformation rates was seen in Norway in the most heavily exposed areas, and the number of infants with spina bifida was said to have increased by 250%. When the final scientific publication appeared (2) , the authors concluded that “no associations were found for conditions previously reported to be associated with radiation, i.e. small head circumference, congenital cataracts, anencephaly, spina bifida and low birth weight”. In some studies (2-4), exposure estimates were based on measurements of cesium-1 37 contamination but in the Norwegian study “internal exposure”, estimated from representative food samples from each geographical area, was evaluated (2). There were few prior hypotheses which could be setup from the expected results of the radioactive exposure levels under discussion. It is true that high radioactive levels have distinct effects on reproduction, as demonstrated in Japan after the atomic bombing during the Second World War (5). At high dose levels, congenital malformations (notably microcephaly and cataracts) were induced and mutations occurred, later resulting in an increased cancer risk. Also, an effect on brain development with an increased risk of mental retardation was described (6). No detectable change in the rate of constitutional chromosome anomalies was found, however. Low-dose radioactivity has never been clearly associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations or other reproductive anomalies. The mutagenic effects of radioactive exposure which may result in an increase in the risk of cancer are thought to have a linear doseeeffect relationship, and even very low doses after the accident could result in induction of some cancers. The teratogenic effects are often regarded as dependent on specific thresholds and therefore no teratogenic effects were expected to have occurred.
An Exploratory Study of the Relative Effectiveness of Different Types of Sales Force Mentors

This paper presents the findings of an exploratory study investigating the effects of mentoring in a sales setting. Salespeople who had manager mentors inside the organization where they work had high performance and a low intention to leave. Those with peer mentors inside the organization also had a low intention to leave but lower performance. Salespeople with mentors outside the organization where they work had high performance but also a high intention to leave. Finally, salespeople with no mentor had relatively low performance and a high intention to leave. These results suggest that manager mentors inside the organization produce the best combination of results. Study results also raise serious questions about the effects of peer mentoring and mentors outside the organization. The findings suggest two important hypotheses for testing: (1) that peer mentors produce low turnover intentions and high commitment in poor performers, and (2) that mentors outside the organization produce high turnover intentions and low commitment in high performers.
The veracity of long-term memories—Did Bartlett get it right?

Long-term memory can be defined as a store of information gained from past experiences. However, the information stored may not be accurate, or the processes of retrieval may lead to errors in recall. One theory put forward to explain inaccuracies that occur during recall is schema-based reconstruction of information during encoding. To investigate the part played by reconstruction in recall the present study uses the ‘method of repeated reproduction’ described by Bartlett in 1932, substituting a real-life incidental event for the supernatural folk tale used as the stimulus material by Bartlett. Bartlett found accuracy in the initial recall of the tale to be rare, with further loss of accuracy observed with repeated recall. In the study reported here, the use of ‘real-life’ stimulus event produced accuracy of recall that was maintained, regardless of the number of repeated recalls or time between recall sessions. The few changes observed were in the form of descriptions containing pre-event schemata of similar locations and, with repeated recall, post-event schemata developed through subsequent experience. The initial accuracy sustained throughout the time period, together with the relative lack of change over time, suggests very limited use of reconstructive processes. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emotion perception and learning potential: Mediators between neurocognition and social problem-solving in schizophrenia?

Social cognition and learning potential have been proposed as mediating variables between neurocognition and functional outcome in schizophrenia. The present study examined this relation in a schizophrenia group (N = 26) with normal IQ. Neurocognition was measured with a composite score from tests of verbal learning, psychomotor speed, and executive functioning. Functional outcome was defined as social problem-solving skills and assessed with a role-play test. Social cognition was indexed by tests of visual and auditory emotion perception; and learning potential by estimating a gain score using a triple administration of the WCST. Neurocognition was confirmed to be a strong predictor of social problem-solving, and emotion perception was related to both neurocognition and social problem-solving. When controlling for emotion perception, the association between neurocognition and social problem-solving was weakened, implying a mediating role of emotion perception. Learning potential was not significantly related to neurocognition or social problem-solving, and thus not found to mediate the studied relation. In conclusion, our study indicates that emotion perception is a mediator between neurocognition and functional outcome as assessed with a social problem-solving task and thus a key factor in understanding functional outcome of schizophrenia. (JINS, 2008, 14, 279–288.)
Circulating endothelial cells in coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND endothelial damage and dysfunction play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease (CAD). The quantification of circulating endothelial cells (CEC) in the peripheral blood is a novel method for assessing endothelial damage. AIM to evaluate the possible diagnostic use of single quantification of CEC in peripheral blood by flow cytometry in patients with CAD. METHODS we examined 48 patients with CAD, including 23 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 25 patients with stable angina (SA). The control group consisted of 20 healthy subjects without symptoms of CAD. The CEC count was evaluated by flow cytometry using antibodies against CD31, CD146, and CD45. Plasma biochemical markers of endothelial damage (von Willebrand Factor [vWF], thrombomodulin [TM]) were measured by ELISA. Serum concentrations of troponin I (TnI) and lipid parameters were also included in the statistical analysis. RESULTS A significant increase in the CEC count was found in patients with AMI compared to the control group (p < 0.05) and SA patients (p < 0.05). However, no difference was found in the CEC count between patients with SA and the control group. Increased vWF activity was found in both groups of CAD patients compared to the control group (AMI: p < 0.001, SA: p , 0.01), and vWF activity was significantly higher in AMI patients compared to SA patients (p < 0.001). Thrombomodulin concentration did not differ significantly between any patient groups and the control group. The CEC count correlated positively with vWF activity (r = 0.3852, p < 0.05) and the atherogenic index TC/HDL-C (r = 0.3844, p < 0.05) in all patients with CAD (AMI + SA). The sensitivity of CEC count for the diagnosis of an acute coronary syndrome was lower than that of TnI level on admission (39% vs 69%). CONCLUSIONS we confirmed that CEC count in peripheral blood can be determined by flow cytometry in CAD patients with both AMI and SA. The CEC count in AMI was increased in comparison to healthy subjects and SA patients in one third of all cases. To determine whether CEC count could be used to improve the diagnosis of an acute coronary syndrome in patients with CAD, additional studies in larger patient groups would be required.
Attitudes and Behaviors Related to Academic Dishonesty: A Survey of Taiwanese Graduate Students

This study examined academic dishonesty (AD) of 586 Taiwanese graduate students, the relationship between students' AD and their perceptions of AD of their peers, and their judgments regarding the seriousness of AD. Results showed that female students were more critical of AD than their male counterparts were in the areas of fraudulence, plagiarism, and falsification. Male students demonstrated more awareness of peer involvement in AD in the area of falsification than did female students. Master's students confessed to greater involvement in AD compared with the PhD students. Doctoral students were more judgmental with respect to unethical acts of fraudulence, plagiarism, and falsification.
Chinese entrepreneurship: a study in Singapore

This study develops a profile of the second generation of Chinese entrepreneurs in Singapore. It analyzes their personal characteristics and examines their motivations to start a business. In‐depth interviews and content analysis were conducted. The motivation factors and key characteristics were clustered and three different groups of entrepreneurs were identified: the “achievers”, the “networkers” and the “hard workers”. Implications of the study are discussed.
Gray matter volumes of early sensory regions are associated with individual differences in sensory processing

Sensory processing (i.e., the manner in which the nervous system receives, modulates, integrates, and organizes sensory stimuli) is critical when humans are deciding how to react to environmental demands. Although behavioral studies have shown that there are stable individual differences in sensory processing, the neural substrates that implement such differences remain unknown. To investigate this issue, structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 51 healthy adults and individual differences in sensory processing were assessed using the Sensory Profile questionnaire (Brown et al.: Am J Occup Ther 55 (2001) 75–82). There were positive relationships between the Sensory Profile modality‐specific subscales and gray matter volumes in the primary or secondary sensory areas for the visual, auditory, touch, and taste/smell modalities. Thus, the present results suggest that individual differences in sensory processing are implemented by the early sensory regions. Hum Brain Mapp 38:6206–6217, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Can Weighting Compensate for Sampling Issues in Internet Surveys?

While Internet surveys have increased in popularity, results may not be representative of target populations. Weighting is commonly used to compensate for sampling issues. This article compared two surveys conducted in the Netherlands—a random mail survey (n = 353) and a convenience Internet survey (n = 181). Demographic characteristics of the samples were weighted by three variables (sex, current residence, age) using Census data. Prior to weighting, the mail sample approximated the population in half of the joint distributions formed by the weighting variables. The Internet sample differed from the population on all 12 cell-by-cell comparisons and no respondents were over age 65. After weighting, the two samples yielded different estimates for non-weighting variables. The Internet sample overrepresented those in the highest education category and appears to have overrepresented those who are ambivalent toward wildlife. Caution is advised when generalizing results from open access Internet surveys.
Initial data for superposed rotating black holes

The standard approach to initial data for both analytic and numerical computations of black hole collisions has been to use conformally-flat initial geometry. Among other advantages, this choice allows the simple superposition of holes with arbitrary mass, location and spin. The conformally flat restriction, however, is inappropriate to the study of Kerr holes, for which the standard constant-time slice is not conformally flat. Here we point out that for axisymmetric arrangements of rotating holes, a nonconformally flat form of the 3-geometry can be chosen which allows fairly simple superposition of Kerr holes with arbitrary mass and spin. We present initial data solutions representing locally Kerr holes at large separation, and representing rotating holes close enough so that outside a common horizon the spacetime geometry is a perturbation of a single Kerr hole.
Learning Effective Surface Text Patterns for Information Extraction

We present a novel method to identify effective surface text patterns using an internet search engine. Precision is only one of the criteria to identify the most effective patterns among the candidates found. Another aspect is frequency of occurrence. Also, a pattern has to relate diverse instances if it expresses a non-functional relation. The learned surface text patterns are applied in an ontology population al-gorithm, which not only learns new instances of classes but also new instance-pairs of relations. We present some £rst experiments with these methods.
Realtime High-Speed Network Traffic Monitoring Using ntopng

Monitoring network traffic has become increasingly challenging in terms of number of hosts, protocol proliferation and probe placement topologies. Virtualised environments and cloud services shifted the focus from dedicated hardware monitoring devices to virtual machine based, software traffic monitoring applications. This paper covers the design and implementation of ntopng, an open-source traffic monitoring application designed for high-speed networks. ntopng's key features are large networks real-time analytics and the ability to characterise application protocols and user traffic behaviour. ntopng was extensively validated in various monitoring environments ranging from small networks to . it ccTLD traffic analysis.
Let's get beyond community and practice: the many meanings of learning by participating

This article is an attempt to tease out what is so often termed learning through participation. Drawing on the analysis undertaken by the Learning Outcomes Thematic Group, the use of the participation metaphor in TLRP projects is discussed. The conclusion arrived at is that its use appears mainly to focus on behaviour and engagement in practices. After looking at the cognitive potential to be found in both cultural psychology and in the work that has its origins in interactionism and developmental psychology, the article cautions against simply seeing participation as another way of looking at behaviour and how it is shaped by context. It calls for a recognition of the cognitive elements in socio-cultural and activity theory frameworks and their capacity to explain how we learn new practices. It argues that a focus on coming to know or sense making requires a discursive shift that allows a rethinking of what is meant by acquisition. The implications of these frameworks for assessment are also touched upon.
Flemish Attitudes Towards Dialect and Standard Language: A Public Opinion Poll

This article briefly presents the most important results of a public opinion poll about the attitudes of the Flemish Community toward dialect and Standard Dutch. First, we were especially interested in which situations the dialect is considered to be more appropriate and, second, what the relative Status is of the Dutch ofthe Netherlanders. By asking our subjects in this latter part what they thought about the Dutch Netherlandic norm we hoped to get an answer to the question whether or not there is among Flemings a tendency to move away from the Dutch ofthe Netherlands. We wanted to test the attitudes and norm concept of the Flemings toward Netherlandic Dutch in relation to concrete language utterances so that we would be able to measure the validity of their ratings ourselves. The "Berend Boudewijn Quiz", a coproduction of the Dutch and Flemish television networks, provided us with this possibility. It is a biweekly television game show in which Flemish and Dutch couples try to win all kinds of prizes. It is very populär in the Netherlands äs well äs in Flanders. Our public poll among the Flemish population was organized after the telecast of 19 April 1975.
Exploiting Naïvete about Self-Control in the Credit Market

We analyze contract choices, loan-repayment behavior, and welfare in a model of a competitive credit market when borrowers have a taste for immediate gratification. Consistent with many credit cards and subprime mortgages, for most types of nonsophisticated borrowers the baseline repayment terms are cheap, but they are also inefficiently front loaded and delays require paying large penalties. Although credit is for future consumption, nonsophisticated consumers overborrow, pay the penalties, and back load repayment, suffering large welfare losses. Prohibiting large penalties for deferring small amounts of repayment--akin to recent regulations in the US credit-card and mortgage markets--can raise welfare. (JEL D14, D18, D49, D86)
Specialized Literacy Professionals as Literacy Leaders: Results of a National Survey

This large-scale national survey of specialized literacy professionals was designed to answer questions about responsibilities, including leadership, and preparation for these roles. Questionnaires, completed by over 2,500 respondents, indicated that respondents had multiple responsibilities that included both instruction of struggling readers and support for teachers. Four distinct role-groups were identified: instructional/literacy coaches, reading/literacy specialists, reading teachers/interventionists, and supervisors. The findings indicated a need for more precise definitions of the roles of these professionals and for preparation programs to include experiences that address the tasks required. Themes discussed included: roles have changed and require more focus on leadership, specialists must be nimble, and they require more in-depth preparation to handle the leadership demands of their positions.
Same-Gender versus Cross-Gender Friendship Conceptions: Similar or Different?

This study compared same- and cross-gender friendship conceptions and explored the cross-gender friendship experiences of 174 students in grades 3, 6, 9, and 12. Preliminary information about the nature and extent of cross-gender friendship experiences is presented. Variability in responses to questions about beliefs and expectations in both same- and cross-gender friendships was examined to investigate three theoretically derived hypotheses: (1) cross-gender and same-gender friendships are different types of personal relationships, (2) distinctions between same- and cross-gender conceptions vary across age, and (3) conceptions vary as a function of the friendships of girls versus the friendships of boys. The strongest support was obtained for the first hypothesis, although some support was obtained for the notion that friendships involving girls are viewed to differ stereotypically from friendships with boys. Finally, potential challenges and benefits that emerge in conceptions of cross-gender friendship are discussed.
The impact of accessibility assessment in macro scale universal usability studies of the web

This paper presents a modelling framework, Web Interaction Environments, to express the synergies and differences of audiences, in order to study universal usability of the Web. Based on this framework, we have expressed the implicit model of WCAG and developed an experimental study to assess the Web accessibility quality of Wikipedia at a macro scale. This has resulted on finding out that template mechanisms such as those provided by Wikipedia lower the burden of producing accessible contents, but provide no guarantee that hyperlinking to external websites maintain accessibility quality. We discuss the black-boxed nature of guidelines such as WCAG and how formalising audiences helps leveraging universal usability studies of the Web at macro scales.
DAEDALUS at RepLab 2014: Detecting RepTrak Reputation Dimensions on Tweets

This paper describes our participation at the RepLab 2014 reputation dimensions scenario. Our idea was to evaluate the best combination strategy of a machine learning classifier with a rule-based algorithm based on logical expressions of terms. Results show that our baseline experiment using just Naive Bayes Multinomial with a term vector model representation of the tweet text is ranked second among runs from all participants in terms of accuracy.
Omega-3 Supplementation and Loneliness-Related Memory Problems: Secondary Analyses of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective Loneliness enhances risk for episodic memory declines over time. Omega-3 supplementation can improve cognitive function for people experiencing mild cognitive difficulties. Accordingly, we explored whether omega-3 supplementation would attenuate loneliness-related episodic memory problems. Methods Participants (n = 138) from a parent randomized controlled trial were randomized to the placebo, 1.25 grams/d of omega-3, or 2.50 grams/d of omega-3 conditions for a 4-month period. They completed a baseline loneliness questionnaire and a battery of cognitive tests both at baseline and at the end of the randomized controlled trial. Results After adjustment for baseline verbal episodic memory scores, lonelier people within the placebo condition had poorer verbal episodic memory postsupplementation, as measured by immediate (b = −0.28, t (117) = −2.62, p = . 010) and long-delay (b = −0.06, t (116) = −2.07, p = . 040) free recall, than their less lonely counterparts. This effect was not observed in the 1.25- and 2.50-grams/d supplementation groups (all p values > .10). The plasma omega-6:omega-3 ratio data mirrored these results. There were no loneliness-related effects of omega-3 supplementation on short-delay recall or the other cognitive tests (all p values > .32). Conclusion These results suggest that omega-3 supplementation attenuates loneliness-related verbal episodic memory declines over time and support the use of exploring novel interventions for treating episodic memory problems among lonely people. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00385723.