Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pulling Toward or Pulling Away: Deliberation, Disagreement, and Opinion Extremity in Political Participation

Objective. Evidence supports two somewhat contradictory notions: deliberation is to encourage engagement, but disagreement may decrease participation. This study aims to provide a common denominator in the debate. It distinguishes between deliberation and political disagreement that emerges during deliberation to test which factors advance or thwart participatory goals. This study also accounts for opinion extremity, which may moderate the tested relationships. Methods. This study draws on quasi-experimental data from participants in structured, moderated, and heterogeneous face-to-face deliberations on sexual minority rights in Poland (N=181). Results. Relative to the pretest, deliberation discouraged moderates from active engagement and pulled them away from communicative participation. As predicted, extreme participants who perceived high disagreement intended to be more active than their counterparts in like-minded groups. Conclusions. Research on deliberative versus participatory democracy should differentiate between deliberation and political disagreement as well as account for individual characteristics that affect responses to deliberation and disagreement. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Adaptive Distributed Compression Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper we proposed a novel adaptive distributed wavelet compression (ADWC) algorithm for reducing energy consumption in a wireless sensor network, where each of the sensors has limited power. This algorithm is characterized by a distributed lifting factorization, which matches well with the transmission strategy employed in wireless sensor networks. It also presents an adaptive algorithm to select the optimal wavelet compression parameters to minimize total energy dissipation. The simulation results showed that these approaches can achieve significant energy savings without sacrificing the quality of the data reconstruction
Effects of Induced Mood on Social Cognitions

Previous studies have shown that depressed persons make negative interpretations of social stimuli. In the present study normal undergraduates were exposed to elated or depressed mood-induction procedures and were asked to interpret drawings of social situations. Subjects rated their own stories on a pleasantness-unpleasantness scale. The stories were also transcribed and rated by independent judges. Both the ratings of judges and subjects differed for elated and depressed subjects. The data suggest that mood may alter social perceptions in important ways and that these effects can be observed in normal persons after a brief mood-altering experience. The results are related to cognitive theories of depression.
Agility and Balance Differ Between Older Community and Retirement Facility Residents

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine whether agility and static balance differ between older adults living in the community (n = 169) and those living in retirement facilities (n = 172). Participants underwent tests of agility (timed Up & Go, tandem gait, reaction time, and lateral stepping velocity) and static balance (body sway, eyes open and closed while standing normally; body sway, eyes open while standing semitandem). A MANCOVA revealed that older adults living in retirement facilities demonstrated 20% to 21% slower values of tandem gait, reaction time, and lateral stepping velocity than community-dwelling residents (p <.0001). Retirement-dwelling residents had 411% greater sway while standing in a normal position and 79% greater sway while standing in a semitandem position (p <.01). In conclusion, older adults living in the community performed better on tests of agility and balance than older adults living in retirement facilities.
‘A Bit More Life in the Leadership’: Co-Principalship as Distributed Leadership Practice

Most commentators think of leadership as individually focused, a preference which reflects historical understandings and usage. With the example of a co-principalship, this article shows how focused leadership is at odds with the reality of distributed work practice. The article reports research at College A, a Catholic all-girls’ secondary school owned by a religious order, which for some years has had a male and female co-principalship. The argument is that co-principalship is a form of shared role space inhabited by a distributed mind. The evidence for this claim is to be found in the contextual origins of co-principalships, the dynamics of the working division of labour between the permanent and temporary role space occupants and in the organisational consequences of shared authority. These findings are shown to have important implications for the representation of distributed leadership practice and for policies which intensify the role demands imposed on solo role incumbents.
The Effect of Environmental Context Manipulation on Memory: Dissociation Between Perceptual and Conceptual Implicit Tests

In two experiments we investigated environmental context (EC) reinstatement effects on conceptual and perceptual implicit memory and on explicit memory. Participants completed an incidental study phase, where they judged words for pleasantness, and subsequently performed two memory tests in the same or in a different room. In Experiment 1, a facilitatory effect of EC reinstatement was found for a conceptual implicit test of memory, category production, and for an explicit tests, free recall, but not for a perceptual implicit test, fragment completion. In Experiment 2, a facilitatory effect of EC reinstatement was obtained for a new conceptual implicit test, cryptic general knowledge questions, and for free recall, but not for two perceptual implicit tests, fragment completion and anagram solution. We conclude that EC reinstatement facilitates both conceptual implicit memory performance and explicit memory performance when measured by free recall, but not perceptual implicit memory performance.
Proton Pump Inhibitors Inhibit Metformin Uptake by Organic Cation Transporters (OCTs)

Metformin, an oral insulin-sensitizing drug, is actively transported into cells by organic cation transporters (OCT) 1, 2, and 3 (encoded by SLC22A1, SLC22A2, or SLC22A3), which are tissue specifically expressed at significant levels in various organs such as liver, muscle, and kidney. Because metformin does not undergo hepatic metabolism, drug-drug interaction by inhibition of OCT transporters may be important. So far, comprehensive data on the interaction of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) with OCTs are missing although PPIs are frequently used in metformin-treated patients. Using in silico modeling and computational analyses, we derived pharmacophore models indicating that PPIs (i.e. omeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole, rabeprazole, and tenatoprazole) are potent OCT inhibitors. We then established stably transfected cell lines expressing the human uptake transporters OCT1, OCT2, or OCT3 and tested whether these PPIs inhibit OCT-mediated metformin uptake in vitro. All tested PPIs significantly inhibited metformin uptake by OCT1, OCT2, and OCT3 in a concentration-dependent manner. Half-maximal inhibitory concentration values (IC50) were in the low micromolar range (3–36 µM) and thereby in the range of IC50 values of other potent OCT drug inhibitors. Finally, we tested whether the PPIs are also transported by OCTs, but did not identify PPIs as OCT substrates. In conclusion, PPIs are potent inhibitors of the OCT-mediated metformin transport in vitro. Further studies are needed to elucidate the clinical relevance of this drug-drug interaction with potential consequences on metformin disposition and/or efficacy.
Study of isopropyl myristate microemulsion systems containing cyclodextrins to improve the solubility of 2 model hydrophobic drugs

The objectives of this project were to evaluate the effect of alkanols and cyclodextrins on the phase behavior of an isopropyl myristate microemulsion system and to examine the solubility of model drugs. Triangular phase diagrams were developed for the microemulsion systems using the water titration method, and the solubility values of progesterone and indomethacin were determined using a conventional shake-flask method. The water assimilation capacities were determined to evaluate the effective microemulsion formation in different systems. The alkanols showed higher microemulsion formation rates at higher concentrations. A correlation between the carbon numbers of the alkanol and water assimilation capacity in the microemulsions studied was observed; isobutanol and isopentanol produced the best results. The addition of cyclodextrins showed no effect or had a negative effect on the microemulsion formation based on the type of cyclodextrin used. Isopropyl myristate-based microemulsion systems alone could increase the solubility values of progesterone and indomethacin up to 3300-fold and 500-fold, respectively, compared to those in water. However, the addition of cyclodextrins to the microemulsion systems did not show a synergistic effect in increasing the solubility values of the model drugs. In conclusion, microemulsion systems improve the solubility of progesterone and indomethacin. But the two types of cyclodextrins studied affected isopropyl myristatebased microemulsion systems negatively and did not improve the solubilization of 2 model drugs.
Starting school.

A method has been developed to assess anxiety levels in terms of stress and arousal in patients before and after a consultation with a general practitioner. The MACL self report mood scale has been used in hospital outpatient studies. An adaptation of the scale using 26 items of low vocabulary was applied to general practice patients in a novel way to show appreciable reductions in stress and increases in arousal after consultations. Since arousal is related to efficiency of performance and stress has been inversely related to recall of information given in the consultation factors that affect stress and arousal in patients could usefully be identified.
/æ/-RAISING in Wisconsin English

The raising of /ae/ before voiced velars (such that bag is perceived as beg) has been noted and documented sporadically in the American Midwest over the past 60 years. Commentaries range from the impressionistic to the acoustically based. Here we present not only acoustic but also articulatory data from ultrasound gathered from speakers of the dialect in question. Our results from a speech production experiment show that /ae/ is in fact raised before /g/ in the affected dialect, but not so much that it merges with either le/ or /E/. Instead, this raising appears to follow from coarticulatory effects and is consistent with a perception-based theory that sound change results when listeners fail to correct for such effects and end up internalizing a novel target. Moreover, the proximity of leg/ to raised /aeg/ appears to have led speakers of this dialect to reanalyze the few /eg/ words in the lexicon (e.g., vague, plague, and bagel) as containing /aeg/.
Career self-management: A framework for guidance of employed adults

It has been suggested that the aims of career counselling should be extended to include helping adults learn how to 'self-manage' their careers throughout the course of their working lives. This paper proposes a prescriptive framework upon which such guidance about career self-management could be based, which takes into account important aspects of the client's immediate social context, and the political nature of decisions about careers. It is argued that career self-management should be a recursive and dynamic process, consisting of charting the political landscape of the organisation, identifying key decision-makers with influence over career outcomes, selecting strategies with which to influence those decision-makers, and evaluating outcomes. By helping clients focus on the various elements within this process, career counsellors can help people negotiate the political and economic realities of the contexts in which they work.
Mobile network society? Affordability and mobile phone usage in Grahamstown East

Abstract This article presents findings from research into the impact of affordability on cell phone usage in the impoverished community of Grahamstown East. The findings indicate that the usage of cell phones is significantly constrained by a lack of affordability, which calls into question whether this community is experiencing a shift from an earlier, industrial form of society, to what Castells et al. have called the ‘mobile network society’. The research points to the fact that the positive benefits of cell phones, identified by Castells et al., cannot be realised in a circumstance where cell phone usage is survivalist in nature, and in fact cell phones are highly extractive in this resource-poor context, diverting income away from more productive uses. The research is used to raise a series of questions about the explanatory power of technology-led accounts of social transformation for an impoverished community such as that of Grahamstown East, and whether it is appropriate for theorists to base their accounts of social change largely on middle-class experiences with cell phone usage.
Towards Searchable Digital Urdu Libraries - A Word Spotting Based Retrieval Approach

Libraries in South Asia hold huge collections of valuable printed documents in Urdu and it is of interest to digitize these collections to make them more accessible. The unavailability of an OCR for Urdu however limits the concept of a digital Urdu library to scanning of documents only, offering very limited search facility based on manually assigned tags. We address this issue by proposing a word spotting based keyword search method for information retrieval in digitized collections of printed Urdu documents. The proposed method is based on segmentation of Urdu text in to partial words and representing each partial word by a set of features. To search a specific word (or phrase), the user provides a query in the form of an image. Comparing the features of the partial words in the query image with the ones already indexed, the user is provided with a list of documents containing occurrences of the queried word. The system evaluated on 50 Urdu documents exhibited a recall of 95.17% and a precision of 94.3%.
Youth Perceptions of Interparental Conflict, Ineffective Parenting, and Youth Problem Behaviors in European-American and African-American Families

The purpose of this study was to examine the spillover of youth perceptions of interparental conflict (IPC) into ineffective parenting and youth problem behaviors in a sample of 542 European-American (EA) and 150 African-American (AA) youth. Data were collected from youth aged 10 through 18 yearsusing a school-based survey. The findings indicated that IPC was associatedpositively with youth problem behaviors in both European-American and African-American samples. For EA families, IPC was linked with youth externalizing problem behaviors through lower levels of parental monitoring, maternal acceptance, and higher levels of parent–youth conflict, and with internalizing problem behaviors through higher levels of maternal psychologicalcontrol and parent–youth conflict. Although IPC was associated with higher levels of parent–youth conflict and maternal psychological control and lower levels of parental monitoring in AA families, the spillover model received minimal support because parenting measures were not associated systematically with youth problem behaviors.
Chapter VI: Rorschach Methods and Other Projective Technics

D URING the three years since Symonds and Krugman (159) last reviewed research in projective technics for the February 1944 issue of this REVIEW, there has been no diminution in the interest of psychologists and educators in these testing methods. Even a period of the gravest international political and economic developments could not apparently dampen the ardor of researchers. The present review follows the pattern set by the 1941 and 1944 surveys in this REVIEW, except that the Rorschach Test is now covered in a separate section. Rorschach Methods General
Prognostic Factors Associated with Survival in Patients with Primary Duodenal Adenocarcinoma

Background/Aims The prognostic factors in primary duodenal adenocarcinoma remain controversial. This study evaluated the prognostic factors associated with survival in patients with primary duodenal adenocarcinoma. Methods From March 1996 to June 2008, the medical records of 30 patients with a final diagnosis of primary duodenal epithelial malignancy seen at two referral centers were reviewed retrospectively. The prognostic factors for survival were evaluated 6 months and 1, 2, and 5 years after the diagnosis. Results The median survival was 5.7 months. The survival rate was 46.7% (14/30), 16.7% (5/30), 10% (3/30), and 6.7% (2/30) at 6 months and 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that cancer-directed treatment, including curative surgery or chemotherapy, was a common independent risk factor at all follow-up times. Total bilirubin, cytology, and TNM stage were independent risk factors for survival at 1, 2, and 5 years. The white blood cell count was an independent risk factor at 1 year only. The actuarial probability of survival in patients undergoing cancer-directed treatment was significantly higher than in those without treatment at 6 months (71.4 vs. 25.0%, p < 0.01), 1 year (28.6 vs. 6.3%, p < 0.01), 2 years (21.4 vs. 0%, p < 0.01), and 5 years (14.3 vs. 0%, p < 0.01). Conclusions The prognostic factors in patients with primary duodenal adenocarcinoma were total bilirubin, TNM stage, cytology, and cancer-directed treatments until the 5-year follow-up. Especially, cancer-directed treatments improved patient survival.
Political Talk as a Catalyst for Online Citizenship

Despite numerous and strong claims regarding the impact of the Internet on civic engagement, there has been limited empirical inquiry into the topic. In order to redress this gap, using survey data from the 2000 American National Election Study (ANES), we test the effects of Internet campaign exposure on political efficacy, political knowledge, and campaign participation. Our findings lend only modest support to the optimistic hopes of Internet mobilization theorists. More important, however, our research goes a step further and finds differential gains in civic engagement for those Internet users who also frequently talk about politics, with political discussion amplifying the main effects of Internet campaign exposure.
Using a “Match Rate” Model to Predict Areas Where USPS-Based Address Lists May Be Used in Place of Traditional Listing

The time and resources associated with traditional listing have led survey practitioners to consider the use of United States Postal Service (USPS) based address lists as an alternative. In our recent investigation, we found coverage of the USPS-based address lists to be generally good in urban areas, but possibly inadequate (after geocoding) in rural and high-growth areas. We develop a "match rate" (the proportion of traditionally listed addresses that would have been obtained from a USPS-based list) model that identifies areas where USPS-based lists could be used in place of traditional listing. We use multiple regression to predict match rate with respect to characteristics associated with the geographic areas of interest. In this paper, we also discuss identifying a match rate threshold that is used to make an a priori decision of when it is acceptable to rely on USPS-based lists.
I've Heard That Before: Habituation of the Orienting Response Follows Repeated Presentation of Auditory Structural Features in Radio

Research has used the cardiac orienting response (OR) to show that structural changes in the auditory environment cause people to briefly but automatically pay attention to messages such as radio broadcasts, podcasts, and web streaming. The voice change—an example of an auditory structural feature—elicits orienting across multiple repetitions. This article reports two experiments designed to investigate whether automatic attention allocation to repeated instances of other auditory structural features—namely production effects, jingles, and silence—is a robust phenomenon or if repetition leads to habituation. In Study 1 we show that listeners of a simulated radio broadcast exhibit ORs following the onset of auditory structural features that differ in semantic content. The prediction that listeners would not habituate to feature repetition was not supported. Instead, both jingles and synthesized production effects result in more iconic ORs to the second repetition compared with the first. However, orienting significantly diminished following the third repetition of both. Study 2 replicates this result using multiple repetitions of structural features containing identical semantic content.
The issue of negative evidence: Adult responses to children's language errors.

This study was designed to assess one of the major assumptions of current language learning theories: Adults ignore children's speech errors. We observed both parents (n = 16) and nonparent adults (n = 13) conversing with children and examined the conversations for evidence of adults' differential responding to the children's syntactic, phonological, and semantic errors. Results indicated that adults were more likely to repeat verbatim a well-formed sentence than an ill-formed sentence. In contrast, adults were more likely to repeat with changes, or request clarification of, a sentence containing syntactic or phonological errors than well-formed sentences. Adults also more frequently used the correct syntactic or phonological form in the immediately subsequent sentence if the child's preceding sentence contained only one syntactic or phonological error rather than multiple errors. Overall, the results indicate that all adults tend to respond differentially to children's language mistakes, with parents showing greater sensitivity than adults who are not parents.
Overview of TweetMT: A Shared Task on Machine Translation of Tweets at SEPLN 2015

This article presents an overview of the shared task that took place as part of the TweetMT workshop held at SEPLN 2015. The task consisted in translating collections of tweets from and to several languages. The article outlines the data collection and annotation process, the development and evaluation of the shared task, as well as the results achieved by the participants. // Este articulo presenta un resumen de la tarea conjunta que tuvo lugar en el marco del taller TweetMT celebrado junto con SEPLN 2015, que consiste en traducir diversas colecciones de tweets en varios lenguajes. El articulo describe el proceso de recoleccion y anotacion de datos, el desarrollo y evaluacion de la tarea y los resultados obtenidos por los participantes
Subcellular localization of IgG from the sera of ALS patients in the nervous system

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) samples isolated from the sera of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and control patients were injected intraperitoneally into mice. After 24 h the mice were processed for immune electron microscopic immunohistochemistry to localize IgG in their nervous system. The injected ALS IgG was observed in the axon terminals of the lower motor neurons (MNs), localized to the microtubules and enriched in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). In post‐mortem spinal cord samples from ALS patients, IgG was similarly detected in the vicinity of the microtubules and in the RER of the MNs. IgG was neither found in the corresponding structures of MNs of mice injected with the control human IgG nor in post‐mortem human control spinal cord samples. The data suggest that multiple antibodies directing to different structures of the MNs may play a role in their degeneration in ALS.