Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the human tear film proteome using multiple proteomic approaches

Purpose The purpose of this work was to examine the tear film proteome using a combination of one-dimensional (1D) and two dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry-based techniques and to explore the effect of the tear collection methods on the tear proteome. Methods Tear samples from eight normal non-contact lens wearing human subjects collected by Drummond glass microcapillary and Schirmer strips were subjected to 1D-sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE), 2D-SDS–PAGE, and 2D LC-MS/MS (Multidimensional protein identification technology - MudPIT). Bands or cores from the 1D- and 2D-SDS–PAGE were cut, digested with trypsin, and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry for identification by the generation of sequence tags. Results In total (across sampling and proteomic methods), 97 unique proteins were observed, and a significant number of the spots/bands in the PAGE were from posttranslational modifications. Fifty-four unique proteins were identified from proteins extracted from the Schirmer strips in comparison to 13 unique proteins identified from capillary tubes, and 30 unique proteins were identified by both collection methods. Secreted (serum) proteins were predominantly observed from tears collected by capillary whereas a combination of cellular and serum proteins were identified from tear film collected by Schirmer strips. Conclusions Overall, these results suggest that the tear film collection and the proteomic method impacts the proteins present in the tear film and that care should be exercised in choosing a tear collection method to best correlate to the experiment being conducted or the hypothesis that is being tested.
The Effects of Weight and Achievement Messages on the Self-Esteem of Women

We examined whether priming achievement causes lower self-esteem and more negative mood in women who believe they are overweight and whether it does so by increasing women's dissatisfaction with their bodies or with their performance. Thirty-five self-perceived overweight women and 43 self-perceived normal weight women participated in the experiment. Half of the women read a message stressing the importance of achievement pursuits, and the other half read a message stressing the importance of nonachievement pursuits. All women then completed a measure of global self-esteem, read a message about the negative effects of being overweight, and completed several dependent measures. Controlling for initial self-esteem, overweight women who read the achievement prime had lower mood and global self-esteem and lower performance self-esteem but not lower appearance self-esteem or greater body dissatisfaction when compared to the overweight women who read the nonachievement prime and the normal weight women regardless of prime type.
VANET Modeling and Clustering Design Under Practical Traffic, Channel and Mobility Conditions

In Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), vehicles driving along highways can be grouped into clusters to facilitate communication. The design of the clusters, e.g., size and geographical span, has significant impacts on communication quality. Such design is affected by the Media Access Control (MAC) operations at the Data Link layer, the wireless channel conditions at the Physical layer, and the mobility of the vehicles. Previous works investigated these effects separately. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis that integrates the three important factors into one model. In particular, we model an unsaturated VANET cluster with a Markov chain by introducing an idle state. The wireless channel fading and vehicle mobility are integrated by explicitly deriving the joint distribution of inter-vehicle distances. Closed-form expressions of network performance measures, such as packet loss probability and system throughput, are derived. Our model, validated by extensive simulations, is able to accurately characterize VANET performance. Our analysis reveals intrinsic dependencies between cluster size, vehicle speed, traffic demand, and window size, as well as their impacts on the overall throughput and packet loss of the cluster. Performance evaluation results demonstrate the practical value of the proposed model in providing guidelines for VANET design and management.
Astrocyte‐released cytokines induce ramification and outward K+ channel expression in microglia via distinct signalling pathways

Differentiation of microglial cells is characterized by transformation from ameboid into ramified cell shape and up‐regulation of K+ channels. The processes of microglial differentiation are controlled by astrocytic factors. The mechanisms by which astrocytes cause developmental changes in morphological and electrophysiological properties of microglia have remained unclear. We show here that the cytokines transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) and granulocyte/macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) are released by astrocytes at concentrations sufficient to induce ramification and up‐regulation of delayed rectifier (DR) K+ channels in microglia. Transformation from ameboid into ramified morphology induced in microglia by exposure to astrocyte‐conditioned medium (ACM) was inhibited by neutralizing antibodies against TGF‐β, M‐CSF or GM‐CSF, whilst ACM‐induced DR channel expression was exclusively inhibited by antibodies against TGF‐β. Although both ramification and DR channel up‐regulation occurred simultaneously, DR channel blockade by charybdotoxin failed to inhibit microglial ramification. The ACM‐induced ramification of microglia was inhibited by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein, whereas DR channel up‐regulation did not occur in the presence of the serine/threonine kinase inhibitor H7. Our data suggest that astrocytes modulate processes of microglial differentiation in parallel but via distinct signalling pathways.
Why is the Unemployment Rate So Very High near Full Employment

IN A WELL-KNOWN PAPER in one of the inaugural issues of the Brookings Papers, Robert Hall posed the question "Why Is the Unemployment Rate So High at Full Employment? " 1 Hall, writing in the context of the 3.5 percent unemployment rate that prevailed in 1969, answered his question by explaining that the full-employment rate was so high because of the normal turnover that is inevitable in a dynamic economy where some sectors are expanding and others are contracting and because of the special problems of certain disadvantaged groups. Hall himself was pessimistic about the prospects for maintaining unemployment consistently below 4 percent through expansionary policies. But he raised the prospect that successful structural policies could do so. While aspirations became attuned to expectations as unemployment rose during the 1970s, the Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act of 1978 nonetheless set an unemployment target of 4 percent for 1983. Today, four yeSws into an economic recovery, the unemployment rate hovers around 7 percent. Over the past decade, it has averaged 7.6
IDEA (Intellectual Disability Exploring Answers): A population-based database for intellectual disability in Western Australia

Despite the demands it places on individuals, families and the community, intellectual disability (ID) is a neglected area of public health. Accurate estimates of prevalence are sparse and range from 0.5 to 3.0%. The cause of the condition is unknown in at least 50% of cases. This paper describes the Intellectual Disability Exploring Answers (IDEA) database set up in Western Australia to provide an infrastructure for research and to facilitate the planning of service provision for people with ID. Since 1953 a database for ID has been maintained in Western Australia, a state with a population of 1.95 million in an area of 2.52 million km2. The current IDEA database aims to obtain ongoing population-based ascertainment of ID from providers of clinical and educational services, with the potential for linkage to a network of other state databases. The average prevalence of ID for children born in Western Australia over the years 1983–1996 was 15.2 per 1000 live births, with 50% ascertained only through the education system. During this time period 60% of cases were male. Of children with an ID born in Western Australia in 1980–1999 and surviving to 1 year, 30.1% had a birth defect, and the prevalence ratio of birth defects in this group compared to the population with no birth defects was 6.5 (CI 6.3–6.8).
Identification of the Feedforward Component in Manual Control With Predictable Target Signals

In the manual control of a dynamic system, the human controller (HC) often follows a visible and predictable reference path. Compared with a purely feedback control strategy, performance can be improved by making use of this knowledge of the reference. The operator could effectively introduce feedforward control in conjunction with a feedback path to compensate for errors, as hypothesized in literature. However, feedforward behavior has never been identified from experimental data, nor have the hypothesized models been validated. This paper investigates human control behavior in pursuit tracking of a predictable reference signal while being perturbed by a quasi-random multisine disturbance signal. An experiment was done in which the relative strength of the target and disturbance signals were systematically varied. The anticipated changes in control behavior were studied by means of an ARX model analysis and by fitting three parametric HC models: two different feedback models and a combined feedforward and feedback model. The ARX analysis shows that the experiment participants employed control action on both the error and the target signal. The control action on the target was similar to the inverse of the system dynamics. Model fits show that this behavior can be modeled best by the combined feedforward and feedback model.
ENHANCING AND UNDERMINING INTRINSIC MOTIVATION: THE EFFECTS OF TASK‐INVOLVING AND EGO‐INVOLVING EVALUATION ON INTEREST AND PERFORMANCE

Summary. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that intrinsic motivation will be differentially affected by task-involving and ego-involving evaluation, and that provision of both kinds of evaluation will promote ego-involvement rather than task-involvement. Twelve classes of fifth and sixth grade pupils were randomly assigned to one of three feedback conditions. Pupils received either ego-involving numerical grades or task-involving individual comments or both after performing interesting tasks, one convergent and one divergent, on each of two sessions. Interest and performance for 132 randomly selected pupils of high or low school achievement were measured at pre-test, during the manipulation and at a third session, when no further evaluation was anticipated. As hypothesised, interest and performance on both tasks at both levels of school achievement were highest after comments, both when further comments were anticipated and when they were not. Grades and grades plus comments had similar and generally undermining effects on both interest and performance, although high achievers who received grades maintained high interest and convergent thinking when further grades were anticipated. These results are discussed in terms of the contribution of this distinction between task and ego-involvement to further understanding of intrinsically motivated activity.
Marital Dissolution in Japan-Recent Trends and Patterns September 14, 2004

Very little is known about recent trends in divorce in Japan. In this paper, we use Japanese vital statistics and census data to describe trends in the experience of marital dissolution across the life course, and to examine change over time in educational differentials in divorce. Cumulative probabilities of marital dissolution have increased rapidly across successive marriage cohorts over the past twenty years, and synthetic period estimates suggest that roughly one-third of Japanese marriages are now likely to end in divorce. Estimates of educational differentials also indicate a rapid increase in the extent to which divorce is concentrated at lower levels of education. While educational differentials were negligible in 1980, by 2000, women who had not gone beyond high school were far more likely to be divorced than those with more education. ________________________________ 1. University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Sociology 2. National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Tokyo Demographic Research – Volume 11, Article 14 396 http://www.demographic-research.org
Failure to Fail: The Perspectives of Clinical Supervisors

Background Clinical supervisors often do not fail students and residents even though they have judged their performance to be unsatisfactory. This study explored the factors identified by supervisors that affect their willingness to report poor clinical performance when completing In-Training Evaluation Reports (ITERs). Method Semistructured interviews with 21 clinical supervisors at the University of Ottawa were conducted and qualitatively analyzed. Results Participants identified four major areas of the evaluation process that act as barriers to reporting a trainee who has performed poorly: (1) lack of documentation, (2) lack of knowledge of what to specifically document, (3) anticipating an appeal process and (4) lack of remediation options. Conclusions The study provides insight as to why supervisors fail to fail the poorly performing student and resident. It also offers suggestions of how to support supervisors, increasing the likelihood that they will provide a valid ITER when faced with an underachieving trainee.
New Insights on the Burstein-Moss Shift and Band Gap Narrowing in Indium-Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films

The Burstein-Moss shift and band gap narrowing of sputtered indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO) thin films are investigated as a function of carrier concentrations. The optical band gap shifts below the carrier concentration of 5.61 × 1019 cm-3 are well-described by the Burstein-Moss model. For carrier concentrations higher than 8.71 × 1019 cm-3 the shift decreases, indicating that band gap narrowing mechanisms are increasingly significant and are competing with the Burstein-Moss effect. The incorporation of In causes the resistivity to decrease three orders of magnitude. As the mean-free path of carriers is less than the crystallite size, the resistivity is probably affected by ionized impurities as well as defect scattering mechanisms, but not grain boundary scattering. The c lattice constant as well as film stress is observed to increase in stages with increasing carrier concentration. The asymmetric XPS Zn 2p3/2 peak in the film with the highest carrier concentration of 7.02 × 1020 cm-3 suggests the presence of stacking defects in the ZnO lattice. The Raman peak at 274 cm-1 is attributed to lattice defects introduced by In dopants.
Gender and the course of major depressive disorder through adolescence in clinically referred youngsters.

OBJECTIVES To determine whether there are gender differences among psychiatrically referred young patients in the presenting features and subsequent course of major depressive disorder (MDD) through adolescence. METHOD The subjects were 92 participants in a longitudinal follow-up study that included repeated standardized psychiatric evaluations. Gender effects were examined on features of MDD as patients progressed from late childhood (mean age 11 years) to late adolescence (mean age 17 years). RESULTS Salient features of MDD did not differ for girls versus boys, including age at MDD onset, recovery from the index episode, risk of a new episode, and rates of various comorbid disorders in the index and recurrent episodes. Rates of selected symptoms and severity of the depressive syndrome also were comparable for boys and girls throughout their development. CONCLUSIONS Gender differences have been documented in epidemiological and community samples with respect to rates and correlates of depressed mood and some features of depressive disorders. However, the study of gender differences among clinically referred depressed youths has only recently gained momentum. The present findings complement existing reports suggesting a lack of compelling gender effects on salient presenting features and adolescent outcomes of MDD in clinically referred youths. Additional work is needed to determine whether gender effects are detectable on other clinical parameters of MDD during adolescence or further along in development.
Homesickness in University Students: The Role of Multiple Place Attachment

The transition to college or university can lead to the challenge of adapting to a new setting. Homesickness has been frequently investigated as a potential negative consequence of relocation. This study analyzed the role of multiple place attachment in the development of homesickness among university students. The study used a multicausal framework. Situational, personality, and environmental psychological variables were considered. Different factors of a person’s personality were associated with vulnerability to homesickness. In addition, multiple place attachment and vulnerability to homesickness impacted the homesickness felt by students.
Validez de la evaluación del potencial de aprendizaje

The validity of the learning potencial assessment. The assessment of Learning Potential, is an assessment methodology that was born firstly, as an alternative to traditional intelligence assessment aproach, asociated to children and young people with deficits or learning disabilities. Nowadays, however, Learning Potential Assessment is receiving an important attention on differents international research groups, not only in order to its aims and methodology, but also to its applicability on other populations. In this work, three important cuestions related to Learning Potential Assessment validity, that have been discussed in several works published recently, have been reviewed. These cuestions are, its way of performing the assessment of learning ability, the different alternatives to do the change measurement that involves its application and the validity studies that have been developed.
Violencia sexual entre compañeros y violencia en parejas adolescentes

Sexual harassment among peers and adolescent dating violence. This paper presents a study about peer and dating sexual harassment among adolescents. Specifically, differences by sex, age and the developmental stage of the romantic relationships were analyzed in both, peer and dating sexual harassment in a sample of 490 adolescents (55,7% boys and 44,3% girls, mean age 16.08). Descriptive data showed that the presence of peer and dating sexual harassment was similar. Boys were more perpetrators in both, peer and dating contexts but no differences by sex were found for victimization indexes. An important effect of the developmental-stage of the relationships was found: peer sexual harassment were more frequent in "casual" and "mixed gender" stage whereas dating sexual harassment was more frequent in "serious relationship". For age, just differences in dating sexual harassment were found: older adolescents were more involved than younger ones.
The mouse basophil, a rare and rarely recognized granulocyte.

In a recent article,[1][1] ultrastructural data were used to identify defects in terminal differentiation of neutrophils in the CCAAT enhancer binding protein family of transcriptional factors knock-out mice (C/EBPe −/−). Peripheral blood of C/EBPe −/− and control mice was obtained from
Community Schooling in Nepal: A Genealogy of Education Reform since 1990

Community participation in schooling is seen by policy makers and practitioners alike as essential for the achievement of efficient, accountable, and sustainable education. The shift in many developing countries to policies promoting decentralized provision is emerging increasingly in the form of programs in which parents and local groups play prominent roles in decisions about school finance, staffing, and overall educational “quality. ” While scholars acknowledge the complex and contested nature of “community” and accept that participatory activities take many different forms (e.g., Bray 2001), there is also broad agreement that educational reform must engage stakeholders if it is to have any chance of overturning historic patterns of underinvestment, low relevance, and marginal usefulness. Whether participation is “genuine” (i.e., stakeholders play a significant role in decision making and governance) or “pseudo” (i.e., citizens are kept informed, often for the purposes of contributing resources), a guiding principle of the “post-Washington consensus” (Stiglitz 2002, 20) has been to encourage processes that deal concurrently with concerns for democracy, poverty alleviation, and sustainability. Recent developments in Nepal are no exception to the global trend of elevating the role of local communities in education. In 2003, as part of a renewed drive by the government to shift service delivery to the local level, the World Bank was invited to support project work to prepare the country for large-scale “transfer” of schools to local community stakeholders (World Bank 2003, 2). Known as the Community School Support Project (CSSP), the initiative aimed to elevate the role of parents on school management committees (SMCs) and empowered these organizations to appoint and supervise teachers locally. To encourage school transfer, a substantial initial incentive allowance/payment was provided. Unlike unaided or private community school models, however, the approach implemented in Nepal trans-
ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Advanced Stage Endometrial Cancer

Objectives:Patients with advanced stage endometrial carcinoma constitute a heterogeneous group of patients with different stages, tumor histologic types, and involved sites. Hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-ophorectomy, and surgical staging are the cornerstone of surgical management in these patients. The optimal adjuvant therapy is yet to be established. An expert panel was convened to reach consensus on the most appropriate management options in this group of patients. Methods:The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed every 3 years by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and review include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer-reviewed journals and the application of a well-established consensus methodology (modified Delphi) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures by the panel. In those instances where evidence is lacking or not definitive, expert opinion may be used to recommend imaging or treatment. Results:Four clinical variants were developed to address common scenarios in the management of women with advanced-stage endometrial carcinoma. Group members reached consensus on the appropriateness of specific evaluation and treatment approaches with numerical ratings. Conclusions:In combining available medical literature and expert opinions, this manuscript may serve as an aid for other practitioners in the appropriate management of women with advanced-stage endometrial carcinoma.