Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamiques identitaires et représentations de soi dans une phase de transition professionnelle et personnelle

Dans le contexte d’une societe marquee par une relative fragilite de ses cadres institutionnels, les transitions professionnelles et/ou personnelles constituent des moments privilegies de deliberation sur le sens de nos engagements existentiels. Par l’etude d’une situation de mobilite professionnelle, nous montrons que ces processus de signification mettent en jeu une pluralite d’experiences de socialisation et qu’ils expliquent les restructurations des representations de soi qui interviennent en cette transition.
Exclusive breastfeeding reduces acute respiratory infection and diarrhea deaths among infants in Dhaka slums.

OBJECTIVES To describe breastfeeding practices and investigate the influence of exclusive breastfeeding in early infancy on the risk of infant deaths, especially those attributable to respiratory infections (ARI) and diarrhea. METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted on a birth cohort of 1677 infants who were born in slum areas of Dhaka in Bangladesh and followed from birth to 12 months of age. After enrollment at birth, the infants were visited 5 more times by 12 months of age. Verbal autopsy, based on a structured questionnaire, was used to assign a cause to the 180 reported deaths. Proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the effect of breastfeeding practices, introduced as a time-varying variable, after accounting for other variables, including birth weight. Overall neonatal, postneonatal and infant mortality, and mortality attributable to ARI and diarrhea were measured. RESULTS The proportion of infants who were breastfed exclusively was only 6% at enrollment, increasing to 53% at 1 month and then gradually declining to 5% at 6 months of age. Predominant breastfeeding declined from 66% at enrollment to 4% at 12 months of age. Very few infants were not breastfed, whereas the proportion of partially breastfed infants increased with age. Breastfeeding practices did not differ between low and normal birth weight infants at any age. The overall infant mortality rate was 114 deaths per 1000 live births. Compared with exclusive breastfeeding in the first few months of life, partial or no breastfeeding was associated with a 2.23-fold higher risk of infant deaths resulting from all causes and 2.40- and 3.94-fold higher risk of deaths attributable to ARI and diarrhea, respectively. CONCLUSION The important role of appropriate breastfeeding practices in the survival of infants is clear from this analysis. The reduction of ARI deaths underscores the broad-based beneficial effect of exclusive breastfeeding in prevention of infectious diseases beyond its role in reducing exposure to contaminated food, which may have contributed to the strong protection against diarrhea deaths.
Association of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and type 1 diabetes susceptibility in children: a meta-analysis

Background There have been studies focused on FokI, BsmI, ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus with controversial results. Methods This present study is a meta-analysis investigating the association between FokI, ApaI, TaqI and BsmI polymorphisms of VDR gene and type 1 DM in children. A literature search was performed using Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane and PubMed. Any study was considered eligible for inclusion if at least one of FokI, ApaI, TaqI and BsmI polymorphisms was determined, and outcome was type 1 DM at pediatric age. Results A total of 9 studies comprising 1053 patients and 1017 controls met the study inclusion criteria. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) of the FokI, ApaI, TaqI and BsmI polymorphisms were combined and calculated. Forest plots and funnel plots of the OR value distributions were drawn. Our meta-analysis has demonstrated statistically significant associations between DM1 and VDR genotypes, BsmIBB (P < 0.05), BsmIBb, (P < 0.05), BsmIbb (P < 0.05), TaqITT (P < 0.05) and TaqItt (P < 0.05) in children. Conclusion The results indicated that BsmIBB, BsmIBb and TaqItt polymorphisms were associated with an increased risk of type 1 DM, whereas BsmIbb and TaqITT had protective effect for type 1 DM in children.
Acetyl-L-carnitine for alcohol craving and relapse prevention in anhedonic alcoholics: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial.

AIM The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC), at different doses, in relapse prevention and craving in anhedonic detoxified alcohol-dependent subjects. METHOD Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study in 64 alcohol-dependent anhedonic patients: 23 received ALC at a dose of 3 g/day, 21 received ALC at a dosage of 1 g/day and 20 were given placebo. Intensity of alcohol craving was evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale. Subjects were evaluated at the beginning of treatment and after 10, 30, 60 and 90 days. RESULTS Survival analysis showed that patients treated with ALC remained completely abstinent for longer than those treated with placebo (Z = -2.27; P < 0.05). From the 10th day onwards, a greater reduction of craving was observed in the ALC 1 g group than with placebo (P = 0.035). The two groups did not differ in the percentage of subjects remaining abstinent for the entire study period or the number of subjects who relapsed (defined as five or more standard drinks (four for women) on a single occasion or drinking on five or more days in 1 week). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that ALC can reduce craving and the time to first drink. ALC use was safe. Further studies are needed to clarify to confirm, over longer periods, these short-term outcome benefits.
Effect of normolipemic and hyperlipemic serum on biosynthetic response to cyclic stretching of aortic smooth muscle cells.

Arterial smooth muscle cells synthesize matrix macromolecules in response to mechanical stimulation. Exposure to serum lipids also stimulates connective tissue fiber accumulation. To assess the effect of serum lipids on the biosynthetic response to tensile stress, we subjected rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells that were cultured on purified elastin membranes to cyclic stretching and relaxation 50 times per minute in the presence of serum-free medium (SFM), normolipemic serum (NLS), or hyperlipemic serum (HLS). Incorporation of 14C-proline into proline and into hydroxyproline was taken as a measure of protein and collagen synthesis. When cells were grown in plastic Petri dishes, exposure to NLS or HLS increased both protein and collagen production to the same extent compared to synthesis in SFM (1.7 times for NLS and 1.6 times for HLS; p less than 0.001 compared to SFM). For cells grown on stationary elastin membranes, NLS and HLS also increased protein and collagen synthesis compared to SFM. The effect of NLS was 1.35 times that of HLS for protein and 1.43 times greater for collagen (p less than 0.03). Cyclic stretching in SFM doubled synthesis for both protein (p less than 0.002) and collagen (p less than 0.002) compared to stationary controls, but had no effect on synthesis in NLS. In HLS, however, cyclic stretching elevated synthesis to the same level as was found in NLS (p less than 0.003). We conclude that the relative inhibition of synthesis on stationary membranes by HLS was not due to a toxic effect, since HLS increased synthesis both in Petri dishes and on elastin membranes, and the amplifying effect of cyclic stretching in HLS was similar to that seen in SFM. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Household food insecurity and children's school engagement

Data on 11,614 children (ages 6–11) from the 1999 National Survey of American Families were used to examine a model linking household food insecurity, child health, and emotional well-being to school engagement. The results, using path analyses revealed that (i) the proposed model fit the data quite well; (ii) food insecurity predicted health status, emotional well-being, and negatively predicted school engagement; (iii) health status predicted emotional well-being, and negatively predicted school engagement. Finally, emotional well-being negatively predicted school engagement. Results of mediation analyses showed that food insecurity had a significant indirect effect on emotional well-being via its effect on health status, and a significant indirect effect on school engagement via its effects on health status and emotional well-being.
A Neglected Aspect of Teacher Education for the Disadvantaged

cient to reveal their tremendous concern for improving the lot of the disadvantaged. Part I of the Sixty-Sixth Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education’ is an extensive treatment of the subject of educational disadvantagement and compensatory education for its alleviation. However, in all this literature dealing with the disadvantaged, there is little or no mention of reinforcement. The thesis of this paper is that reinforcement theory, an essential ingredient of a teacher education program for disadvantaged children, is
IT strategy in Singapore: the Case of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Singapore

This paper discusses the initial results of the investigations IT strategy in Singapore industry. Previous researchers have identified various barriers to exploitation of IT. These have been relevant to western industries. In this research the authors have undertaken the research to identify how Singaporean industries are looking at IT implementation. A series of interviews were conducted in Singapore SMEs. It was concluded typically small companies had misconceptions and misgivings about IT strategy. Current research mainly focusses on large companies and thus there was gap between existing approaches and those relevant to small companies. IT decisions were delegated to the middle management in a significant proportion of small companies that had a business-aligned IT strategy. Funding of IT remained elusive to small companies especially with emergence of new tools. This research has paved way for further research and analysis on the IT strategy and adoption in SMEs
Measurement Invariance of Expectancy-Value Questionnaire in Physical Education

Expectancy-Value Questionnaire (EVQ) measures student expectancy beliefs and task values of the domain content (Eccles & Wigfield, 1995). In this study the authors examine measurement invariance of EVQ in the domain of physical education between elementary and middle-school students. Participants included 811 students (3rd–5th grades) from 13 elementary and 903 (6th–8th grades) from 13 middle schools. Students completed the EVQ in their physical education classes within the same semester. A series of hierarchical steps for testing the measurement invariance were conducted based on means and covariance structures. The results suggest that the questionnaire possesses configural and metric invariance, but noninvariant item intercepts between these two groups of students (|∆CFI | > .05). EVQ can be used to measure expectancy-value constructs in physical education for both middle-school and elementary students. Yet the noninvariant item intercepts posted questions on how the measured construct difference should be interpreted.
The Future of Family Tourism

Abstract This paper situates current knowledge on family tourism with pointers to the future by drawing on multidisciplinary contributions to a recent consolidative book. Research in family tourism is limited, fragmented and individualized, thus not accounting for the diversity of family forms, sociality of family groups and multidimensionality of family experiences. Integration of thinking about and understanding the changing nature of families in tourism is needed. The key concepts of change are captured through a cognitive mapping perspective. This research process allows an exploration and systemic tool for constructivism interpretation. The cognitive model resulted in nine main themes that represent emerging and changing trends in family tourism. The key purpose here is the identification of the slow moving changes and trends that are occurring in family tourism based upon cognitive modelling of current research and their significance for predicting the future. This demonstrates connectivity between concepts providing a more holistic and critical interpretation of the future of families and tourism.
Ultraviolet vision and band-colour preferences in female zebra finches,
 Taeniopygia guttata
 


Zebra finches have previously been found to have preferences for particular colours of both natural and artificial traits among opposite sex conspecifics. For example, in some studies female zebra finches preferred males wearing red leg bands to orange-banded and unbanded birds and rejected light green-banded males. In other studies, females also preferred males with red beaks to orange-beaked males. However, several authors have failed to replicate these results. We show that females may fail to show a colour preference because of the absence or removal of ultraviolet light under experimental conditions. In mate-choice trials, females observing males through filters that transmitted ultraviolet preferred red-banded males but where females viewed males through ultraviolet-blocking filters, no such preference was observed. Further investigation revealed that the lack of a colour preference when ultraviolet was absent was probably due to the change in overall appearance of the bird, rather than the change in appearance of the rings themselves. This work highlights the importance of proper consider-ation of the sensory capabilities of animals in experimental design, particularly with regard to the role of ultraviolet light in avian colour perception.Copyright 1997 The Association for the Study of Animal BehaviourCopyright 1997The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
An Investigation of Nonlexical Reading Impairments

Word and nonword reading ability was tested in a group of 11 patients with varying levels of language impairments. For the least impaired patients, the probability of grapheme-phoneme association affected nonword reading ability. An advantage reading nonwords that sound like words (pseudohomophones) was found for six patients, and was unrelated to the severity of patients' nonlexical reading impairments. All patients showed evidence of impairment to all three processing components hypothesised to be necessary for nonlexical reading. A focused study of the phonological processing abilities of the five subjects with mildest impairment uncovered differential influences of segment size and lexicality on patients' ability to combine aurally-presented sound segments. Results are interpreted as indicating multiple sources of impairment to a number of cognitive operations that are specialised to support nonlexical reading.
Parental Leave and Mothers' Careers: The Relative Importance of Job Protection and Cash Benefits

Parental leave regulations in most OECD countries have two key policy instruments: job protection and cash benefits. This paper studies how mothers’ return to work behavior and labor market outcomes are affected by alternative mixes of these key policy parameters. Exploiting a series of major parental leave policy changes in Austria, we find that longer cash benefits lead to a significant delay in return to work and that the magnitude of this effect depends on the relative length of job protection and cash benefits. However, despite their impact on time on leave, we do not find a significant effect on mothers’ labor market outcomes in the medium run, neither of benefit duration nor of job-protection duration. To understand the relative importance (and interaction) of the two policy instruments in shaping mothers’ return to work behavior, we set up a non-stationary job search model in which cash benefits and job protection determine decisions of when to return to work and whether or not to return to the pre-birth employer. Despite its lean structure, the model does surprisingly well in matching empirically observed return to work profiles. The simulation of alternative counterfactual regimes shows that a policy that combines both job protection and benefits payments succeeds to induce mothers to spend some time with the child after birth without jeopardizing their medium run labor market attachment.
The Environmental Action Internal Control Index

Abstract The purpose of this research was to develop a reliable and valid instrument that could be used to assess the relationship between locus of control of reinforcement and environmentally responsible behavior in undergraduate students. The criterion variable comprised scores on an inventory of self-reported performance of environmental actions carefully selected from the literature on environmentally responsible behavior and assessed by a panel of judges for their appropriateness to six categories of environmental action taking. Using seven phases of development and employing a variety of statistical techniques, the authors created the Environmental Action Internal Control Index (EAICI) to serve as the predictor variable. Scores on the EAICI and the self-report inventory of environmentally responsible behavior were analyzed by a Pearson product-moment correlation and by discriminant analysis techniques. The goal was to determine what correlation existed between scores on the EAICI and the measure of .
Emotional suppression in early marriage

Although habitual use of suppression has been consistently linked to adverse consequences for overall social functioning, little is known about the implications of using this emotion regulation strategy in the context of romantic relationships. The current longitudinal study tests whether husbands’ and wives’ habitual use of suppression, as well as couple similarity in the use of this strategy, influence marital quality over the first couple of years of marriage. A total of 229 newlywed couples reported their habitual use of suppression and perceived marital quality at two time points, 5 months and 2 years after marriage. Results showed that husbands’ habitual use of suppression was the most consistent predictor of (lower) marital quality over time. Couples showed significant levels of similarity in suppression at the initial assessment, consistent with positive assortment, and this similarity was a significant predictor of higher marital quality as reported by wives regardless of overall levels of suppression use. These findings suggest that husbands’ use of suppression is more harmful for marital satisfaction than wives’ use and wives are more sensitive to their partners’ use of suppression as well as to couple similarity.
The Development of Social Intelligence in Psychotherapy

George Herbert Mead described "the whole nature of intelligence as social to its very core. " In this respect, he was a forerunner of social constructionism, which, when applied to psychotherapy, focuses the therapeutic process on the client's meaning-making process in the context of relationships. Furthermore, Mead perceived the primary aspect of human intelligence to be the capacity of the individual to "put himselfin the place of' another. The implications ofthis for both individual and family psychotherapy and, in particular, its relevance to the practices of empathy and dialogue are explored. A case of couple therapy is used to illustrate the specific applications of the theoretical concepts discussed. It is generally recognized that the specifically social expressions of intelligence. depend upon the given individual's ability to take the roles of, or "put himself in the place of," the other individuals implicated with him in given social situations; and upon his consequent sensitivity to their attitudes toward himself and toward one another. These specifically social expressions of intelligence, of course, acquire unique significance in terms of our view that the whole nature of intelligence is social to its very core, that this putting of one's self in the places of others, this taking by one's self of their roles or attitudes, is not merely one of the various aspects or expressions of intelligence or of intelligent behavior, but is the very essence of its character. (Mead, 1934, p. 141)
The Significance of Critical Theory for Restorative Justice in Education

Restorative Justice (rj), a distinctive philosophical approach that seeks to replace punitive, managerial structures of schooling with those that emphasize the building and repairing of relationships (Hopkins 2004) has been embraced in the past two decades by a variety of school systems worldwide in an effort to build safe school communities. Early studies indicate rj holds significant promise, however, proponents in the field identify that theoretical and evidence-based research is falling behind practice. They call for further research to deepen the current understanding of rj that will support its sustainability and transformative potential and allow it to move from the margins to the mainstream of schooling (Braithwaite 2006; Morrison & Ahmed 2006; Sherman & Strang 2007).
Development of abnormal setereotyped behaviors

Groups of five crabeating macaques were separated from their mothers at 0, 1, 2, 4, or 6 months of age and observed during their first year of life. Abnormal stereotyped behaviors developed in all groups, but the frequencies of different patterns were modified by age at isolation. Self-sucking, crouching, and self-grasping developed almost immediately after birth, while body rocking and repetitive locomotion began later. Animals separated at a later age were more active and aggressive in a novel environment than were those separated early. Social development in the first 6 months was similar to that of other macaques.
Cohesion Fatigue Explains Why Pharmacological Inhibition of the APC/C Induces a Spindle Checkpoint-Dependent Mitotic Arrest

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) delays the onset of anaphase in response to unattached kinetochores by inhibiting the activity of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C), an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Once all the chromosomes have bioriented, SAC signalling is somehow silenced, which allows progression through mitosis. Recent studies suggest that the APC/C itself participates in SAC silencing by targeting an unknown factor for proteolytic degradation. Key evidence in favour of this model comes from the use of proTAME, a small molecule inhibitor of the APC/C. In cells, proTAME causes a mitotic arrest that is SAC-dependent. Even though this observation comes at odds with the current view that the APC/C acts downstream of the SAC, it was nonetheless argued that these results revealed a role for APC/C activity in SAC silencing. However, we show here that the mitotic arrest induced by proTAME is due to the induction of cohesion fatigue, a phenotype that is caused by the loss of sister chromatid cohesion following a prolonged metaphase. Under these conditions, the SAC is re-activated and APC/C inhibition is maintained independently of proTAME. Therefore, these results provide a simpler explanation for why the proTAME-induced mitotic arrest is also dependent on the SAC. While these observations question the notion that the APC/C is required for SAC silencing, we nevertheless show that APC/C activity does partially contribute to its own release from inhibitory complexes, and importantly, this does not depend on proteasome-mediated degradation.