Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ODR: output-deterministic replay for multicore debugging

Reproducing bugs is hard. Deterministic replay systems address this problem by providing a high-fidelity replica of an original program run that can be repeatedly executed to zero-in on bugs. Unfortunately, existing replay systems for multiprocessor programs fall short. These systems either incur high overheads, rely on non-standard multiprocessor hardware, or fail to reliably reproduce executions. Their primary stumbling block is data races -- a source of nondeterminism that must be captured if executions are to be faithfully reproduced. In this paper, we present ODR--a software-only replay system that reproduces bugs and provides low-overhead multiprocessor recording. The key observation behind ODR is that, for debugging purposes, a replay system does not need to generate a high-fidelity replica of the original execution. Instead, it suffices to produce any execution that exhibits the same outputs as the original. Guided by this observation, ODR relaxes its fidelity guarantees to avoid the problem of reproducing data-races altogether. The result is a system that replays real multiprocessor applications, such as Apache, MySQL, and the Java Virtual Machine, and provides low record-mode overhead.
Regionalization of Pediatric Surgery: Trends Already Underway

Introduction:This study aims to characterize the delivery of pediatric surgical care based on hospital volume stratified by disease severity, geography, and specialty. Longitudinal regionalization over the 10-year study period is noted and further explored. Methods:The Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID) was queried from 2000 to 2009 for patients <18 years undergoing noncardiac surgery. Hospitals nationwide were grouped into commutable regions and identified as high-volume centers (HVCs) if they had more than 1000 weighted procedures per year. Regions that had at least one HVC and one or more additional lower volume center were included for analysis. Low-risk, high-risk neonatal, and surgical subspecialties were analyzed separately. Results:A total of 385,242 weighted pediatric surgical admissions in 33 geographical regions and 224 hospitals were analyzed. Overall, HVCs comprised 33 (14.7%) hospitals, medium-volume center (MVC) 33 (14.7%), and low-volume center (LVC) 158 (70.5%). The four low-risk procedures analyzed were increasingly regionalized: appendectomy (52% in HVCs in 2000 to 60% in 2009, P < 0.001), fracture reduction (63% to 68%, P < 0.001), cholecystectomy (54% to 63%, P < 0.001), and pyloromyotomy (65% to 85%, P < 0.001). Neonatal surgery showed significant regionalization trends for tracheoesophageal fistula (66% to 87%, P < 0.001) and gastroschisis (76% to 89%, P < 0.001). Conclusions:This is the first large-scale, multi-region analysis to demonstrate that pediatric surgical care has transitioned to HVCs over a recent decade, particularly for low-risk patients. It is important for practitioners and policymakers alike to understand such volume trends in order to ensure hospital capacity while maintaining an optimal quality of care.
Microbial Communication, Cooperation and Cheating: Quorum Sensing Drives the Evolution of Cooperation in Bacteria

An increasing body of empirical evidence suggests that cooperation among clone-mates is common in bacteria. Bacterial cooperation may take the form of the excretion of “public goods”: exoproducts such as virulence factors, exoenzymes or components of the matrix in biofilms, to yield significant benefit for individuals joining in the common effort of producing them. Supposedly in order to spare unnecessary costs when the population is too sparse to supply the sufficient exoproduct level, many bacteria have evolved a simple chemical communication system called quorum sensing (QS), to “measure” the population density of clone-mates in their close neighborhood. Cooperation genes are expressed only above a threshold rate of QS signal molecule re-capture, i.e., above the local quorum of cooperators. The cooperative population is exposed to exploitation by cheaters, i.e., mutants who contribute less or nil to the effort but fully enjoy the benefits of cooperation. The communication system is also vulnerable to a different type of cheaters (“Liars”) who may produce the QS signal but not the exoproduct, thus ruining the reliability of the signal. Since there is no reason to assume that such cheaters cannot evolve and invade the populations of honestly signaling cooperators, the empirical fact of the existence of both bacterial cooperation and the associated QS communication system seems puzzling. Using a stochastic cellular automaton approach and allowing mutations in an initially non-cooperating, non-communicating strain we show that both cooperation and the associated communication system can evolve, spread and remain persistent. The QS genes help cooperative behavior to invade the population, and vice versa; cooperation and communication might have evolved synergistically in bacteria. Moreover, in good agreement with the empirical data recently available, this synergism opens up a remarkably rich repertoire of social interactions in which cheating and exploitation are commonplace.
To Make a Robot Secure: An Experimental Analysis of Cyber Security Threats Against Teleoperated Surgical Robots

Teleoperated robots are playing an increasingly important role in military actions and medical services. In the future, remotely operated surgical robots will likely be used in more scenarios such as battlefields and emergency response. But rapidly growing applications of teleoperated surgery raise the question; what if the computer systems for these robots are attacked, taken over and even turned into weapons? Our work seeks to answer this question by systematically analyzing possible cyber security attacks against Raven II, an advanced teleoperated robotic surgery system. We identify a slew of possible cyber security threats, and experimentally evaluate their scopes and impacts. We demonstrate the ability to maliciously control a wide range of robots functions, and even to completely ignore or override command inputs from the surgeon. We further find that it is possible to abuse the robot's existing emergency stop (E-stop) mechanism to execute efficient (single packet) attacks. We then consider steps to mitigate these identified attacks, and experimentally evaluate the feasibility of applying the existing security solutions against these threats. The broader goal of our paper, however, is to raise awareness and increase understanding of these emerging threats. We anticipate that the majority of attacks against telerobotic surgery will also be relevant to other teleoperated robotic and co-robotic systems.
Health economic impact of ziprasidone and clozapine in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia

Objective:To compare health economic impact of ziprasidone and clozapine in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia. Method:87 refractory schizophrenic patients were randomly assigned to ziprasidone(n=43)and clozapine(n=42)group.Positive and negative syndrome scale(PANSS),and treatment emergent symptoms scale(TESS)were used for evaluation.Cost of treatment and working income were compared between the two groups during the 2 years by self-made scale and health economic scale. Results:There was no significant difference in treatment effect between the two groups.Incidence rate of side effects was significantly lower in ziprasidone group than in clozapine group(P0.01). Direct costs and the benefit ratio of ziprasidone group were significantly higher than those in clozapine group(P0.01). Average working hour in ziprasidone group was longer than that in clozapine group(P0.01). Conclusion:Ziprasidone shows the same curative effect,milder side effects and better compliance compared with clozapine,and is better than clozapine in economics in treatment of refractory schizophrenia.
Genotoxic effects of five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human and rat mammary epithelial cells

Five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of different carcinogenic activities were evaluated for their effects on DNA synthesis (3HTdR labeling index (L.I.)) of rat and human mammary epithelial cells (MEC) and for their effects on chromosomes in MEC‐mediated sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assays. When compared with DMSO‐treated cells, exposures of rat MEC to the two most potent carcinogens (5 μg/ml for 24 hr), i.e., 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P), resulted in a 45‐62% reduction in the L.I. of rat MEC. Another carcinogen, 20‐methylcholanthrene (MCA), produced a 35‐48% reduction in L.I. , while the noncarcinogenic PAHs, 1,2‐benzanthracene (BA) and benzo(e)pyrene (B[e]P), showed no effect. Similarly, exposures of human MEC to DMBA and B[a]P resulted in a 50‐90% depression in L.I. while BA was significantly less effective (30% reduction). When cocultivated with Chinese hamster V‐79 cells in the presence of PAH,both rat and human MEC can activate and release the active metabolites to induce SCE in V‐79 cells. In the rat MEC‐mediated assay for all 5 PAHs, the frequencies of SCE per chromosome in DMBA‐, B[a]P‐, MCA‐, BA‐, B[e]P‐, and DMSO (solvent control)‐treated groups were 6, 3, 1.4, 0.7, 0.4, and 0.3, respectively. DMBA was most effective in increasing SCE, while B[e]P was ineffective. In the human MEC‐mediated assay, B[a]P was more effective than DMBA in inducing SCE, and the frequencies of SCE per chromosome were 4.5 and 3.6 in B[a]P‐ and DMBA‐treated groups, respectively. Comparing depression of L.I. , SCE, and in vivo carcinogenecity for the 5 PAHs, SCE mediated by rat MEC is better correlated with carcinogenecity in rat than L.I. depression.
Celebrity news as hybrid journalism: An assessment of celebrity coverage in Flemish newspapers and magazines

This contribution discusses the content and characteristics of celebrity news as a hybrid news genre by means of a quantitative content analysis of a random sample from 1 year of celebrity news as published in two elite and two popular Flemish newspapers, and two Flemish celebrity gossip magazines. To this end, a theoretical framework is developed that combines insights from celebrity studies regarding the characteristics of the celebrity as a mediated construct with insights from research on (the decline of) journalistic quality, as well as insights from genre studies on hybridity. Different from what the literature suggests, the results indicate a certain dominance in celebrity news of the public over the private and a distinct attention to public interest next to human interest news, although results differ according to type of medium. The results also show clear indications both of original but sensationalized reporting in magazines and of a high level of ‘churnalism’ in (elite) newspapers. In the conclusion, the article suggests a need to pay more attention to ‘regular’ rather than exceptional celebrity news and a reconsideration of what is ‘wrong’ with celebrity news as indicative of what is ‘wrong’ with journalism in general, and shows that celebrity news is a hybrid genre in three different ways.
Personality and aggression: A contribution of the General Aggression Model

The aim of the study was to identify the direct and indirect existing relationship among personality traits on aggression of high school and undergraduate students from the city of Joao Pessoa, Brazil, using the General Aggression Model as the theoretical framework. The sample consisted of 218 students, of which 107 were high school students and 111 undergraduate students. The instruments used for data collection were as follows: Aggression Questionnaire, the Big Five Inventory and a Socio-Demographic Questionnaire. The main results showed direct effects of neuroticism (+), extraversion (+) and agreeableness (-) in physical aggression. On the other hand, indirect effects of neuroticism (+), opening (+) and agreeableness (-) in physical aggression, mediated by aggressive emotions have been found. These findings are discussed based on previous research and the General Aggression Model along with suggestions of research which have been conducted in an attempt to further knowledge in this area.
Verbal versus nonverbal primacy

Verbal versus nonverbal primacy is a central assertion in interpersonal communication. This study developed an analytical and theoretical framework to assess which of these two channels gains preference, during an exploration of children’s response to their parents’ incongruent communication. Incongruence is conceptualized as a discrepancy or contradiction between verbal/nonverbal communication. Parent–child interactions (n = 160) in structured joint game sequences were filmed in their homes and analyzed using a mixed multivariant design. The study expanded the theory by analyzing a wide range of social and situational contexts. The findings delineated the contexts for nonverbal primacy, verbal primacy, and reciprocal incongruence. The presented framework advanced composite theoretical accounts into a set of conclusions for verbal versus nonverbal primacy.
Compliance with non-pharmacological recommendations and outcome in heart failure patients.

AIMS The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the association between compliance with non-pharmacological recommendations (diet, fluid restriction, weighing, exercise) and outcome in patients with heart failure (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS In total 830 patients after an HF hospitalization participated in the study (age 70 +/- 11; left ventricular ejection fraction 34%). Compliance was measured 1 month after discharge; patients were followed for 18 months. Primary outcomes were the composite of death or HF readmission and the number of unfavourable days. Cox regression analysis was used to determine the association between primary outcome and compliance. Adjustments were made for those variables that were identified as confounders in the association between compliance and outcome. Patients who were non-compliant with at least one of the recommendations had a higher risk of mortality or HF readmission (HR 1.40; P = 0.01). Non-compliance with exercise was associated with an increased risk for mortality or HF readmission (HR 1.48; P < 0.01), while non-compliance with daily weighing was associated with an increased risk of mortality (HR 1.57; P = 0.02). Non-compliance (overall) and non-compliance with exercise were both associated with a higher risk for HF readmission [HR 1.38; P < 0.05(overall) and HR 1.55; P < 0.01(exercise)]. Patients who were overall non-compliant or with weighing and exercise had more unfavourable days than compliant patients. CONCLUSION Non-compliance with non-pharmacological recommendations in HF patients is associated with adverse outcome.
DISTRIBUTION OF PENICILLIN IN THE EYE AFTER INJECTIONS OF 1,000,000 UNITS BY THE SUBCONJUNCTIVAL, RETROBULBAR AND INTRAMUSCULAR ROUTES

2. In heavy experimental infection of the vitreous (1,000,000 organisms of staphylococcus aureus)) 5,000 units crystalline penicillin injected into the vitreous had some slight effect if given 20 hours after infection; panophthalmitis was prevented but the vitreous was organised. When treatment was begun 3 hours, or immediately after infection, 3-possibly 4-out of 6 treated eyes could be regarded as clinically functioning eyes.
Single Measure and Gated Screening Approaches for Identifying Students At-Risk for Academic Problems: Implications for Sensitivity and Specificity

Educators need recommendations to improve screening practices without limiting students’ instructional opportunities. Repurposing previous years’ state test scores has shown promise in identifying at-risk students within multitiered systems of support. However, researchers have not directly compared the diagnostic accuracy of previous years’ state test scores with data collected during fall screening periods to identify at-risk students. In addition, the benefit of using previous state test scores in conjunction with data from a separate measure to identify at-risk students has not been explored. The diagnostic accuracy of 3 types of screening approaches were tested to predict proficiency on end-of-year high-stakes assessments: state test data obtained during the previous year, data from a different measure administered in the fall, and both measures combined (i.e., a gated model). Extant reading and math data (N = 2,996) from 10 schools in the Midwest were analyzed. When used alone, both measures yielded similar sensitivity and specificity values. The gated model yielded superior specificity values compared with using either measure alone, at the expense of sensitivity. Implications, limitations, and ideas for future research are discussed.
Fears Phobias And Rituals Panic Anxiety And Their Disorders

Thank you very much for downloading fears phobias and rituals panic anxiety and their disorders. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite novels like this fears phobias and rituals panic anxiety and their disorders, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some malicious bugs inside their computer.
The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for resectable colorectal liver metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is being increasingly accepted as an effective treatment of resectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), but it may also damage the hepatic parenchyma. We performed a meta-analysis to compare the outcomes of patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NEO) prior to hepatic resection with hepatic resection without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (SG). Eligible trials were identified from Embase, PubMed, the Web of Science and the Cochrane library. Hazard ratios (HRs) with a 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to measure the pooled effect using a random-effects model. Statistical heterogeneity was detected by I2 test. Sensitivity analyses and publication bias were also assessed. The study outcomes included 3-year, 5-year disease-free and overall survival rate, respectively. Eighteen studies involving 6,254 patients were included. The pooled HRs for 5-year DFS and 5-year OS for NEO in the included studies calculated using the random-effects model were 1.38 (95 % CI; 1.26-1.51, p=0.00; I2=9.6%, p=0.36) and 1.19 (95% CI: 1.02-1.38; p=0.03; I2=49.2%, p=0.03), respectively. For CRLM patients with factors indicating a high risk of recurrence, the pooled HR for 5-year OS of NEO in the included studies calculated using the random-effects model was 0.69 (95% CI: 0.55-0.87; p=0.00; I2=0.0%, p=0.48). These results suggest neoadjuvant chemotherapy improved survival of patients with initially resectable CRLM and a high risk of disease recurrence.
Edge Effects in High-elevation Forests at Sicamous Creek Extension Note 62

Edge effects are increasingly important in British Columbia forests, as cutblocks become smaller and harvesting options with retention patches are more commonly used. This note summarizes edge effects for  ecosystem variables, including microclimate, soil chemistry, snow depth, windthrow, regeneration, vegetation, and animals, at the Sicamous Creek Silvicultural Systems project in a high-elevation ESSF forest. Physical variables such as soil temperatures and snowmelt showed small edge effects up to – m from forest–cutblock edges. Effects on plants and animals typically extended at most – m from the edge, except for windthrow, with effects more than  m into the forest along some edges. Substantial windthrow adjacent to large openings may also lead to “edge creep,” where edge effects extend into the forest over time, affecting many ecological values. Bryophytes and spruce grouse showed increasing edge effects in the initial post-harvest years. Because edge effects from uncut forest did not extend far into cut areas, small openings (< ha) interspersed with narrow leave strips or numerous small retention patches are likely most effective for retaining “forest influence” throughout a cutblock. Large retained patches and wide corridors will still be important at the landscape scale, but small patches also have considerable conservation value, provided that windthrow is managed.
Pharmacological management of narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a disabling disorder characterised by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, sleep paralysis and disturbed nocturnal sleep. Traditionally, a wide variety of substances are used in the symptomatic pharmacological treatment of narcolepsy. Several generally more-tolerated substances have been added to the therapeutic repertoire after extensive testing in large patient populations during recent years. This review addresses the state-of-the-art knowledge about the pharmacological treatment of narcolepsy along with the personal view of the authors. The recent discovery that narcolepsy is caused by deficient hypocretin (orexin) transmission opens a perspective on causal therapy.
Differences in family norms for men and women across Europe

The authors examined double standards regarding divorce among parents with young children and regarding having children within nonmarital cohabitation across Europe. Whether people disapprove more of men or of women engaging in these behaviors is not a priori clear. The authors formulated arguments in both directions and expected double standards to vary cross-nationally by the level of socioeconomic gender equality in a country. They conducted multilevel analyses on a sample of about 44,000 individuals nested in 25 countries, obtained from the European Social Survey (2006). Double standards were measured with a split-ballot design. The findings indicated that men were generally more disapproved of than women when displaying the family behaviors under study. Overall, women endorsed both double standards, whereas men endorsed only the double standard regarding divorce. However, substantial cross-national differences in the double standards exist. The higher the level of socioeconomic gender equality, the larger these double standards in favor of women.
"The discourse motivation for the perfect aspect:the Mandarin particle le" revisited

This paper presents a critical review of the article "The discourse motivation for the perfect aspect:the Mandarin particle le" by Charles N.Li,Sandra A.Thompson and R.McMillan Thompson.They argue that the basic communicative function of le is to signal a "Current Relevant State" (CRS). This view has been accepted by many Chinese linguists as being uncontroversial.This paper however attempts to argue that CRS lacks explanatory power for the sentence final le.An amendment is provided.
Cognitive Control Network Function in Alcohol Use Disorder Before and During Treatment With Lorazepam

Individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) have deficits in cognitive control, but how they change with treatment is unclear. Seven patients with AUD and anxiety from an open-label trial of disulfiram plus lorazepam performed a multisensory Stroop task during fMRI (both pre and post initiation of treatment), and were compared to nine healthy controls (HCs) (n = 16; Albuquerque, NM; years 2009–2012). Evoked BOLD signal and resting state functional connectivity were compared (HC vs. AUD; Scan 1 vs. Scan 2). AUD demonstrated hyperactivity and altered connectivity in the cognitive control network compared to HC, but treatment did not normalize function.