Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Injury in High School Football Players

Background Many studies have reported the frequency and types of injuries in high school football players. However, few have assessed the relationship between player characteristics and risk of injury. Purpose To describe the epidemiologic characteristics of and risk factors for injury in high school football players and to determine whether players’ characteristics could be used to predict subsequent injury. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Methods This study was part of a 2-year prospective investigation (1998 to 1999) of risk factors for injury in 717 (343 in the 1998 season and 374 in the 1999 season) high school football players in the Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, School District. Player characteristics (playing experience, position, injury history) and physical parameters (body mass index, weight, height, grip strength) were measured at the beginning of each season. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether any of the baseline variables were associated with the odds of subsequent injury. Results The physical characteristics of players, such as body mass index and strength, were not associated with risk of injury. More playing experience and a history of injury in the previous season were significantly related to increased risk. Linemen were at the highest risk of injury, particularly knee injuries and season-ending injuries. Conclusions Future research should focus on decreasing the risk of injury to linemen.
Impact of Employment, Family Structure, and Income on NIBRS Offense, Victim, Offender, and Arrest Rates

In some studies of urban crime, offense, arrest, and victimization counts have been used as if they were interchangeable. The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), with its provision of offense, victim, offender, and arrest counts lets us avoid this ambiguity and examine the relationship of social and economic factors to specific crime measures. Our basic question in this study was, “Does it matter whether we focus on victims or offenders when we examine and interpret the correlates of violent crime? ” Using NIBRS 2002–2004 robbery and murder counts and census 2000 data for 166 cities, we examined the importance of male employment, income, racial composition, and family structure for an “offense known” measure, a victim measure, an offender measure, and two arrest measures of crime. Our results indicate that for race-specific measures even the best murder or robbery victim rate is a poor substitute for an offender rate, and offense-known measures are even poorer measures of offending. The NIBRS offender rate is the most logical and useful offender measure because it provides a direct indication of the age, race, and sex of most offenders whether or not an arrest occurs. However, arrest rates, and modified arrest rates in particular, provide reasonably close approximations of offender rates. In addition, and unexpectedly, we found that race-specific victim and offender counts and rates take much of the mystery out of the frequently used and variously interpreted variable “percent black. ”
Aphasic disorders of syntactic comprehension and working memory capacity

Abstract Miyake, Carpenter, and Just (1994) present results of two sentence comprehension experiments using RSVP in normal subjects, which they say simulate important features of aphasic patients' comprehension of syntactic structures. On this basis, they claim that normal and aphasic subjects' performance represents a continuum of limitations in working memory capacity. In this paper, we argue that the Miyake et al. data do not resemble the performance of aphasic patients in crucial respects, and that their results provide evidence for the opposite conclusion…namely, that the processing resource system that underlies syntactic processing and that is affected in aphasia is substantially separate from the one used for other verbal tasks, such as reasoning and problem solving, which is tested In tasks such as the Daneman and Carpenter (1980) reading span task.
Crosstalk between Integrin αvβ3 and Estrogen Receptor-α Is Involved in Thyroid Hormone-Induced Proliferation in Human Lung Carcinoma Cells

A cell surface receptor for thyroid hormone that activates extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 has been identified on integrin αvβ3. We have examined the actions of thyroid hormone initiated at the integrin on human NCI-H522 non-small cell lung carcinoma and NCI-H510A small cell lung cancer cells. At a physiologic total hormone concentration (10−7 M), T4 significantly increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) abundance in these cell lines, as did 3, 5, 3′-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) at a supraphysiologic concentration. Neutralizing antibody to integrin αvβ3 and an integrin-binding Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide blocked thyroid hormone-induced PCNA expression. Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) lacks thyroid hormone function but inhibits binding of T4 and T3 to the integrin receptor; tetrac eliminated thyroid hormone-induced lung cancer cell proliferation and ERK1/2 activation. In these estrogen receptor-α (ERα)-positive lung cancer cells, thyroid hormone (T4>T3) caused phosphorylation of ERα; the specific ERα antagonist ICI 182,780 blocked T4-induced, but not T3-induced ERK1/2 activation, as well as ERα phosphorylation, proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and hormone-dependent thymidine uptake by tumor cells. Thus, in ERα-positive human lung cancer cells, the proliferative action of thyroid hormone initiated at the plasma membrane is at least in part mediated by ERα. In summary, thyroid hormone may be one of several endogenous factors capable of supporting proliferation of lung cancer cells. Activity as an inhibitor of lung cancer cell proliferation induced at the integrin receptor makes tetrac a novel anti-proliferative agent.
Bringing the outside in: Can “external” workers experience insider status?

Summary The current study examines the possibility that agency workers can experience perceived insider status despite their assumed ‘‘outsider’’ category. One hundred ninety-one agency workers from Canadian financial firms completed surveys assessing agency worker perceptions regarding the level of support from both their supervisors and the client firms’ permanent workers, as well as the agency workers’ level of perceived insider status and affective commitment toward the client firm. Agency worker supervisors (within the client firm) assessed the agency workers’ level of interpersonal facilitation. Results indicate that: (1) Agency workers can experience perceived insider status, regardless of their objective classification as outsiders; (2) perceived support from supervisors and the client firms’ permanent workers contribute to agency worker perceptions of insider status; and (3) perceptions of insider status are associated with higher levels of both affective commitment and interpersonal facilitation, even in workers that are considered marginally tied to the organization. Copyright # 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
F-Waves – Physiology and Clinical Uses

F-waves are low amplitude responses produced by antidromic activation of motoneurons. They may not appear after each stimulus and are inherently variable in latency, amplitude, and configuration. Meaningful analysis of F-waves requires an appreciation of these characteristics of F-waves as well as an understanding of their physiology. These features of F-waves as well as their physiology are reviewed. This is important since F-waves are one of the most frequently used studies in clinical neurophysiology and much of the controversies surrounding the use of F-waves relates to a failure to adequately consider the requirements of F-wave analysis. These requirements include the number of F-waves that need to be recorded, the parameters that should be evaluated, and the muscle from which the F-waves are recorded. If analyzed correctly, current reports would indicate that F-waves are the most sensitive and reliable nerve conduction study for evaluating polyneuropathies, can be abnormal in focal proximal nerve dysfunction, can be at least as sensitive as needle electromyography for defining lumbosacral radiculopathies, and can provide a meaningful physiological window into disorders of the central nervous system. Reports supporting these statements and their clinical relevance are discussed.
Descent of Deligne groupoids

To any non-negatively graded dg Lie algebra $g$ over a field $k$ of characteristic zero we assign a functor $\Sigma_g: art/k \to Kan$ from the category of commutative local artinian $k$-algebras with the residue field $k$ to the category of Kan simplicial sets. There is a natural homotopy equivalence between $\Sigma_g$ and the Deligne groupoid corresponding to $g$. The main result of the paper claims that the functor $\Sigma$ commutes up to homotopy with the "total space" functors which assign a dg Lie algebra to a cosimplicial dg Lie algebra and a simplicial set to a cosimplicial simplicial set. This proves a conjecture of Schechtman which implies that if a deformation problem is described ``locally'' by a sheaf of dg Lie algebras $g$ on a topological space $X$ then the global deformation problem is described by the homotopy Lie algebra $R\Gamma(X,g)$.
Multiple-center-of-projection images

In image-based rendering, images acquired from a scene are used to represent the scene itself. A number of reference images are required to fully represent even the simplest scene. This leads to a number of problems during image acquisition and subsequent reconstruction. We present the multiple-center-of-projection image, a single image acquired from multiple locations, which solves many of the problems of working with multiple range images. This work develops and discusses multiple-center-ofprojection images, and explains their advantages over conventional range images for image-based rendering. The contributions include greater flexibility during image acquisition and improved image reconstruction due to greater connectivity information. We discuss the acquisition and rendering of multiple-center-of-projection datasets, and the associated sampling issues. We also discuss the unique epipolar and correspondence properties of this class of image. CR Categories: I.3. 3 [Computer Graphics]: Picture/Image Generation – Digitizing and scanning, Viewing algorithms; I.3. 7 [Computer Graphics]: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism; I.4. 10 [Image Processing]: Scene Analysis
Burden of influenza B virus infections in Scotland in 2012/13 and epidemiological investigations between 2000 and 2012.

We describe the burden of influenza B infections in Scotland during a 13-year study period. Influenza A and B viruses cocirculated throughout the period, with numbers of influenza B cases approaching or exceeding those of influenza A during six influenza seasons. Influenza B viruses of both Victoria and Yamagata lineage were detected in two of six seasons investigated. For the 2012/13 season, influenza B accounted for 44.4% of all influenzas, with the highest incidence in those under the age of five years. Influenza B virus infections led to fewer admissions to an intensive care unit (ICU) and a lower mortality rate than influenza A (37 vs 81 ICU admissions and three vs 29 deaths) during the 2012/13 season. However, a quarter of those admitted to ICU with influenza B had not been immunised and 60% had not received specific influenza antiviral therapy. This highlights the need for consistent influenza vaccination and prompt usage of antiviral treatment for identified risk groups. Combining the newly introduced vaccination programme for children with the use of a tetravalent vaccine may provide the opportunity to improve the control of influenza B in those with the highest influenza B burden, children and young adolescents.
Burden of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Pima Indians With Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) share common pathological mechanisms and are favorably impacted by intensive glycemic control. American Indians have disproportionately higher rates of type 2 diabetes (T2D), younger age of diabetes onset, and earlier development of long-term complications than other ethnic groups (1). Diabetes as an underlying cause of death is 2.5–3.5 times higher among American Indians than whites, yet the DPN burden among American Indians has not been systematically evaluated. We assessed DPN prevalence in Pima Indians and evaluated the relationship between DPN and DN. A total of 79 Pima Indians with T2D (age 53 ± 11 years, diabetes duration 25 ± 6 years, 73% female, and mean HbA1c 9.5 ± 1.9% [80 ± 7 mmol/mol]) from the Gila River community were enrolled. DPN status was ascertained using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) …
LIF promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis of breast cancer through the AKT-mTOR pathway

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a multi-functional cytokine protein. The role of LIF in tumorigenesis is not well-understood. Here, we found that LIF promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis of breast cancer. LIF promotes cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of breast cancer cells in vitro, and the growth of xenograft breast tumors in vivo. LIF also promotes invasion and migration of breast cancer cells in vitro and metastasis of breast cancer in vivo. We found that LIF activates the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway to promote tumorigenesis and metastasis of breast cancer. Inhibiting the AKT activity can largely block the activation of the mTOR pathway by LIF, suggesting that LIF activates the mTOR pathway through AKT. Inhibiting the AKT activity as well as inhibiting the mTOR activity largely block the promoting effect of LIF on tumorigenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, overexpression of LIF is significantly associated with a poorer relapse free survival in breast cancer patients. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that LIF plays an important role in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of breast cancer, and could be an important prognostic marker for breast cancer.
When Should Contact Precautions and Active Surveillance Be Used to Manage Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae?

Affiliations: 1. Department of Microbiology and Infection Prevention and Control, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand; 2. Duke Infection Control Outreach Network, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. Received November 28, 2011; accepted February 23, 2012; electronically published May 9, 2012. 2012 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved. 0899-823X/2012/3307-0016$15.00. DOI: 10.1086/666333 Approximately 30% of all healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are caused by Enterobacteriaceae. This percentage may be even higher among critically ill patients, in whom Enterobacteriaceae may cause up to 70% of HAIs. It is concerning, therefore, that the prevalence of acquired b-lactamases is rapidly increasing among common Enterobacteriaceae species. In addition, the genes encoding these enzymes move readily between strains and species, resulting in the emergence of new multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MRE) on a virtually continuous basis. This situation poses a difficult challenge for infection control practitioners that is frequently addressed by using contact precautions (CP). CP involves management of infected patients in a single room and the use of dedicated equipment, gowns, and gloves for all patient contact. In conjunction with this practice, active surveillance (AS) is often used. AS involves screening asymptomatic patients for colonization with MRE (usually followed by implementation of CP). Most of the evidence supporting the use of CP and AS comes from studies of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), yet even for MRSA these practices remain contentious. For MRE, the evidence is less conclusive. For example, reports describing temporal associations between the resolution of MRE outbreaks and the initiation of CP and AS are frequently confounded by the simultaneous introduction of additional infection control measures. Similarly, descriptive reports of outcomes with CP and AS in nonoutbreak settings are limited by a lack of control groups for comparison. In addition, the use of CP has been associated with adverse patient outcomes, such as depression and reduced contact with attending physicians. Finally, even when the benefits of CP and AS outweigh the risks, their use may not be costeffective, particularly in settings where MRE are endemic. From a practical standpoint, the limited evidence currently available means that the decision to use CP and AS should be based on knowledge of local epidemiology. In the following discussion, we propose some principles to consider (Table 1) and highlight several areas requiring further research regarding the use of CP and AS to control MRE.
A MODEL OF TEACHER STRESS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT

Recent surveys have shown that between 20 per cent to 40 per cent of teachers experience considerable stress when working in schools. Following a summary of research into the sources and correlates of reported teacher stress, this paper proposes a definition and a model of work‐related stress in school that incorporates current concepts and research findings. Examples of tactics and strategies for coping with and reducing the build‐up of environmental stressors are developed from the model. These aim to provide pointers for the multi‐level management of stress throughout schools.
The complete nucleotide sequence of the chicken ovotransferrin mRNA.

The nucleotide sequence of an almost double-stranded cDNA copy [Cochet, M. , Perrin, F. , Gannon, F. , Krust, A. , Chambon, P., McKnight, G. S. , Lee, D. C. , Mayo, K. E. , and Palmiter, R. D. (1979) Nucleic Acids Res. 6, 2435-2452] of chicken ovotransferrin (conalbumin) mRNA has been determined. Taking into account the previously reported 5'-end sequence [Cochet, M. , Gannon, F. , Hen, R. , Maroteaux, L. , Perrin, F. , and Chambon, P. (1979) Nature (Lond.) 282, 567-574] we present the complete nucleotide sequence of the ovotransferrin mRNA from which the amino acid sequence of the protein is inferred. A computer and statistical analysis of the nucleotide sequence reveals a pattern of internal homology which confirms that the present-day chicken ovotransferrin gene (and by extrapolation the transferrin genes of other species) has evolved by duplication and gives some support to the quadruplication hypothesis of transferrin evolution.
Three Dimensional Assessment of the Pharyngeal Airway in Individuals with Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate

Introduction Children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) are known to have airway problems. Previous studies have shown that individuals with CLP have a 30% reduction in nasal airway size compared to non-cleft controls. No reports have been found on cross-sectional area and volume of the pharyngeal airway in clefts. Introduction of Cone-Beam CT (CBCT) and imaging software has facilitated generation of 3D images for assessment of the cross-sectional area and volume of the airway. Objective To assess the pharyngeal airway in individuals with CLP using CBCT by measuring volume and smallest cross-sectional areas and compare with 19 age- and sex-matched non-cleft controls. Methods Retrospective study of CBCT data of pre-adolescent individuals (N = 19, Mean age = 10.6, 7 females, 12 males, UCLP = 6, BCLP = 3) from the Center for Craniofacial Anomalies. Volumetric analysis was performed using image segmentation features in CB Works 3.0. Volume and smallest cross-sectional were studied in both groups. Seven measurements were repeated to verify reliability using Pearson correlation coefficient. Volume and cross-sectional area differences were analyzed using paired t-tests. Results The method was found to be reliable. Individuals with CLP did not exhibit smaller total airway volume and cross sectional area than non-CLP controls. Conclusion 3D imaging using CBCT and CB Works is reliable for assessing airway volume. Previous studies have shown that the nasal airway is restricted in individuals with CLP. In our study, we found that the pharyngeal airway is not compromised in these individuals.
Interference mitigation using a focal plane array

We consider the use of spatial filtering algorithms for radio frequency interference (RFI) mitigation in conjunction with a focal plane feed array of electrically small elements. Numerical simulations are used to study the performance of 7 and 19 element hexagonal dipole arrays with a 25 m reflector at an operating frequency of 1612 MHz. Using the maximum SNR algorithm to generate array weights, an interfering signal was attenuated by 40 dB or more. The effective sensitivity of the system, including interferer power in the system noise temperature, was comparable to the sensitivity attained in the absence of RFI. Moving the interferer through the reflector pattern sidelobes caused fluctuations in the gain and system sensitivity. This effect was exacerbated by a reflector model with random surface distortions. These results indicate that array feeds are a promising approach for RFI mitigation, but achieving stable radiation patterns in the presence of an interferer may require a trade‐off between pattern control and maximum attainable sensitivity.
[Psychosocial features of suicide cases with alcohol problem: a psychological autopsy study].

AIMS Alcohol use disorder is a well-known risk factor for suicide, as alcohol problems can deteriorate the medical and psychosocial conditions of individuals. Furthermore, the pharmacological effect of alcohol can cause impulsive behavior in individuals. However, few studies have investigated the association of alcohol problems with suicide in Japan. The purpose of the present study was to investigate psychosocial and psychiatric features of suicide-completers with alcohol problems in last one year before their death. METHODS Since December 2007, we have been conducting a Japan-wide study on suicide-completers using a psychological autopsy method, a semi-structured interview by a psychiatrist and a mental health professional including a public health nurse with the closest bereaved. Items questioned included family environment, suicide situation, history of life, labor situation, economic problems, and psychiatric diagnosis according to DSM-IV criteria at the time of death. As of December 2009, we had collected psychosocial and psychiatric information about 76 Japanese suicide cases. RESULTS 16 suicide-completers with alcohol problems ("Alcohol problem" group 21.1%) were all males and almost middle-aged workers. The percentages of debt and accident proneness in "Alcohol problem" group were significantly higher than "Non-alcohol problem" group. In "Alcohol problem group", none of them have had treatment of alcohol dependence. The prevalence of alcohol use disorders in "Alcohol problem group" was significantly higher than in "Nonalcohol problem" group (81.2% vs. 0%). CONCLUSION The findings of the present study suggest that it is important to improvement of psychiatric care in alcohol dependence for prevention future suicides among alcoholics. Furthermore, enlightenment the association between alcohol problems and suicide to the public and medical doctors is required.