Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Multifaceted Intervention to Increase Cervical Cancer Screening among Underserved Korean Women

Objective: Despite the proven survival benefits associated with cervical cancer screening, use of the Pap test continues to be suboptimal in some population subgroups, such as among Korean-American women who face considerable barriers to screening. Therefore, we evaluated a multifaceted intervention that combined psychoeducational counseling with patient navigation to address both psychosocial and access barriers to screening. Method: Women (n = 102) were recruited from Korean community centers and assigned to the intervention or control condition. The intervention group received cervical cancer education and patient navigation delivered by bilingual Korean health educators. The control group received general health education, including information about cervical cancer and screening. Assessments were obtained at baseline and postintervention. Screening behavior was assessed at 6 months postintervention. Results: At baseline, 17% of participants reported having had a Pap test in the previous year. At 6 months postintervention, 83% of women in the intervention group had obtained screening compared with 22% in the control group, χ2(1) = 41.22, P < 0.001. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that participation in the intervention was associated with screening (P < 0.001). Fewer psychosocial barriers (e.g., discomfort at having a stranger perform Pap) and greater self-efficacy were also associated with screening (P < 0.05). Conclusion: A combined modality intervention that delivers education with patient navigation training and assistance resulted in increased screening rates. Multifaceted approaches may be effective in reducing the psychosocial, access, and language barriers that contribute to cancer health disparities in underserved populations. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(6):1–5)
Opioids for the management of breakthrough cancer pain in adults: A systematic review undertaken as part of an EPCRC opioid guidelines project

The usual management of cancer related breakthrough pain is with supplemental doses of analgesics (commonly opioids) at a dose proportional to the total around-the-clock opioid dose. The aim of this review, undertaken as part of a European Palliative Care Research Collaborative (EPCRC) project, to update the EAPC guidelines on opioid analgesics in cancer pain was to determine the evidence for the utility of opioids in the management of breakthrough pain in patients with cancer. Randomized controlled trials of opioids used as rescue medication were identified using electronic search strategies. Outcome measures sought were reduction in pain intensity measured by an appropriate scale, adverse effects, attrition, and patient satisfaction. The date of the final search was 31 July 2009. Eight studies (790 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Most studies investigated rescue medication delivery via the buccal or nasal transmucosal routes. Intravenous morphine has been compared with the transmucosal route and the two found to be effective. The oral route has not been formally tested although found to be an inferior comparator in one study. Most studies showed no meaningful relationship between the effective dose of transmucosal opioid and the around-the-clock scheduled medication or the previous rescue medication, although one study found a fixed proportion of either intravenous morphine or transmucosal fentanyl to be efficacious.
Biomarkers in subtypes of mild cognitive impairment and subjective cognitive decline

Preclinical Alzheimers disease (AD) patients may or may not show cognitive impairment on testing. AD biomarkers are central to the identification of those at low, intermediate, or high risk of later dementia due to AD. We investigated biomarker distribution in those identified as subjective cognitive decline (SCD), amnestic (aMCI), and nonamnestic (naMCI) mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subtypes. In addition, the clinical groups were compared with controls on downstream neuroimaging markers.
Cardiac Fibroblasts Regulate Sympathetic Nerve Sprouting and Neurocardiac Synapse Stability

Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) plays a key role in cardiac homeostasis and its deregulations always associate with bad clinical outcomes. To date, little is known about molecular mechanisms regulating cardiac sympathetic innervation. The aim of the study was to determine the role of fibroblasts in heart sympathetic innervation. RT-qPCR and western-blots analysis performed in cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts isolated from healthy adult rat hearts revealed that Pro-Nerve growth factor (NGF) and pro-differentiating mature NGF were the most abundant neurotrophins expressed in cardiac fibroblasts while barely detectable in cardiomyocytes. When cultured with cardiac fibroblasts or fibroblast-conditioned medium, PC12 cells differentiated into/sympathetic-like neurons expressing axonal marker Tau-1 at neurites in contact with cardiomyocytes. This was prevented by anti-NGF blocking antibodies suggesting a paracrine action of NGF secreted by fibroblasts. When co-cultured with cardiomyocytes to mimic neurocardiac synapse, differentiated PC12 cells exhibited enhanced norepinephrine secretion as quantified by HPLC compared to PC12 cultured alone while co-culture with fibroblasts had no effect. However, when supplemented to PC12-cardiomyocytes co-culture, fibroblasts allowed long-term survival of the neurocardiac synapse. Activated fibroblasts (myofibroblasts) isolated from myocardial infarction rat hearts exhibited significantly higher mature NGF expression than normal fibroblasts and also promoted PC12 cells differentiation. Within the ischemic area lacking cardiomyocytes and neurocardiac synapses, tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity was increased and associated with local anarchical and immature sympathetic hyperinnervation but tissue norepinephrine content was similar to that of normal cardiac tissue, suggesting depressed sympathetic function. Collectively, these findings demonstrate for the first time that fibroblasts are essential for the setting of cardiac sympathetic innervation and neurocardiac synapse stability. They also suggest that neurocardiac synapse functionality relies on a triptych with tight interaction between sympathetic nerve endings, cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. Deregulations of this triptych may be involved in pathophysiology of cardiac diseases.
Hearing and spatial behavior in Gryllotalpa major Saussure (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae)

SUMMARY The prairie mole cricket (Gryllotalpa major Saussure) is a rare orthopteran insect of the tallgrass prairie ecosystem of the south central USA. Populations are known to currently occupy fragmented prairie sites in Oklahoma, Arkansas, Kansas and Missouri, including The Nature Conservancy's Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in north central Oklahoma. Prairie mole cricket populations were surveyed at this site and at another site in Craig County, OK during the spring of 2005 and 2006, using the male cricket's acoustic call to locate advertising aggregations of males. Five males from one large aggregation were removed in a study to describe (1) the hearing thresholds across the call's range of frequencies, (2) the distances over which the higher harmonic components of the male's calls are potentially detectable, (3) the species' sensitivity to ultrasound and (4) the spatio-auditory dynamics of the prairie mole cricket lek. Results indicate that G. major has a bimodal pattern of frequency tuning, with hearing sensitivities greatest at the 2 kHz carrier frequency (41 dB SPL) and declining through the call's frequency range (84 dB at 10 kHz). A second sensitivity peak is evident in the ultrasound range at 25 kHz (62 dB SPL). Spatial analysis of G. major lek sites indicates that approximately 73% of males within the lek are spaced in such a way as to allow acoustic interaction at the species' carrier frequency, while any information in higher harmonic overtones in the call appears to be available only to nearest neighbors.
Is Chlorhexidine an Ideal Vehicle for Calcium Hydroxide? A Microbiologic Review

Microorganisms play a major role in the initiation and perpetuation of pulpal and periapical disease. In order to predictably achieve a bacteria-free root canal system, it is necessary to use intracanal medicaments. Calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] is the most common intracanal medicaments. It is effective against primary infections. However, its effectiveness against Enterococcus (E.) faecalis and Candida (C.) albicans is controversial. On the other hand, chlorhexidine (CHX) is a potent agent against E. faecalis and C. albicans. For this reason, the combination of Ca(OH)2 and CHX has been suggested as an intracanal medicament. The purpose of this article was to review antimicrobial efficacy of Ca(OH)2, CHX as well as their combination.
Continued fractions of primitive recursive real numbers

A theorem, proven in the present author's Master's thesis states that a real number is E2 ‐computable, whenever its continued fraction is in E2 (the third Grzegorczyk class). The aim of this paper is to settle the matter with the converse of this theorem. It turns out that there exists a real number, which is E2 ‐computable, but its continued fraction is not primitive recursive, let alone in E2 . A question arises, whether some other natural condition on the real number can be combined with E2 ‐computability, so that its continued fraction has low complexity. We give two such conditions. The first is E2 ‐irrationality, based on a notion of Péter, and the second is polynomial growth of the terms of the continued fraction. Any of these two conditions, combined with E3 ‐computability gives an E3 (elementary) continued fraction. We conclude that all irrational algebraic real numbers and the number π have continued fractions in E3 . All these results are generalized to higher levels of Grzegorczyk's hierarchy as well.
Red and Green Algal Origin of Diatom Membrane Transporters: Insights into Environmental Adaptation and Cell Evolution

Membrane transporters (MTs) facilitate the movement of molecules between cellular compartments. The evolutionary history of these key components of eukaryote genomes remains unclear. Many photosynthetic microbial eukaryotes (e.g., diatoms, haptophytes, and dinoflagellates) appear to have undergone serial endosymbiosis and thereby recruited foreign genes through endosymbiotic/horizontal gene transfer (E/HGT). Here we used the diatoms Thalassiosira pseudonana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum as models to examine the evolutionary origin of MTs in this important group of marine primary producers. Using phylogenomics, we used 1,014 diatom MTs as query against a broadly sampled protein sequence database that includes novel genome data from the mesophilic red algae Porphyridium cruentum and Calliarthron tuberculosum, and the stramenopile Ectocarpus siliculosus. Our conservative approach resulted in 879 maximum likelihood trees of which 399 genes show a non-lineal history between diatoms and other eukaryotes and prokaryotes (at the bootstrap value ≥70%). Of the eukaryote-derived MTs, 172 (ca. 25% of 697 examined phylogenies) have members of both red/green algae as sister groups, with 103 putatively arising from green algae, 19 from red algae, and 50 have an unresolved affiliation to red and/or green algae. We used topology tests to analyze the most convincing cases of non-lineal gene history in which red and/or green algae were nested within stramenopiles. This analysis showed that ca. 6% of all trees (our most conservative estimate) support an algal origin of MTs in stramenopiles with the majority derived from green algae. Our findings demonstrate the complex evolutionary history of photosynthetic eukaryotes and indicate a reticulate origin of MT genes in diatoms. We postulate that the algal-derived MTs acquired via E/HGT provided diatoms and other related microbial eukaryotes the ability to persist under conditions of fluctuating ocean chemistry, likely contributing to their great success in marine environments.
Inside the New Coolstreaming: Principles, Measurements and Performance Implications

The peer-to-peer (P2P) based video streaming has emerged as a promising solution for Internet video distribution. Leveraging the resource available at end users, this approach poses great potential to scale in the Internet. We have now seen the commercial P2P streaming systems that are orders of magnitude larger than the earlier academic systems. We believe understanding its basic principles and limitations are important in the design of future systems. The Coolstreaming, first released in summer 2004, arguably represented the first successful large-scale P2P live streaming system. Since then, the system has been significantly modified and commercially launched. This paper takes an inside look at the new Coolstreaming system by exposing its design options and rationale behind them, and examines their implications on streaming performance. Specifically, by leveraging a large set of traces obtained from recent live event broadcast and extensive simulations, we study the workload characteristics, system dynamics, and impact from a variety of system parameters. We demonstrate that there is a highly skewed resource distribution in such systems and the performance is mostly affected by the system dynamics. In addition, we show that there are inherent correlations and fundamental trade-off among different system parameters, which can be further explored to enhance the system performance.
Negative Motor Phenomena

This volume presents the latest knowledge on physiological substrates for a number of well-known cortical and behavioural mechanisms. The book covers negative motor phenomena and addresses a significant range of cortical and subcortial interactions and their responses to external modulation. The book opens with a section focusing on clinical syndromes, including both generalized and and focal atonic seizures, drop attacks and negative chorea, the freezing phenomena in parkinsonism, and cataplexy. The next major section addresses cortical mechanisms and covers such areas as transcranial magnetic stimulation; cortical electrical stimulation in both humans and monkeys; and the physiology of cortical spread, cortical-subcortical spread, rhythmicity, asterixis and negative myoclonus. The following section, devoted to brainstem mechanisms, explores anatomy and transmitters of motor systems, as well as the physiology of REM sleep and cataplexy, startle phenomena and postural control. Subsequent sections examine spinal cord mechanisms and discuss the mechanisms of action and the use of a variety of drugs used in seizure control.
The Relationship between Parental Empathy and Parental Acceptance and the Effect of Filial Therapy Training on this Relationship

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between parental empathy (PE) and parental acceptance (PA) and the effect of filial therapy training (FTT) on this relationship. Filial therapy training is a parent education program in which the goal is the development of PE and PA. The Measurement of Empathy in Adult-Child Interaction (MEACI) and the Porter Parental Acceptance Scale (PPAS) are two widely used instruments in filial therapy studies to measure PE and PA, respectively. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between parental empathy and parental acceptance, and the effect of filial therapy training on this relationship. Specifically, this study was designed to investigate the correlations between the MEACI and the PPAS.
High NDVI and Potential Canopy Photosynthesis of South American Subtropical Forests despite Seasonal Changes in Leaf Area Index and Air Temperature

The canopy photosynthesis and carbon balance of the subtropical forests are not well studied compared to temperate and tropical forest ecosystems. The main objective of this study was to assess the seasonal dynamics of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and potential canopy photosynthesis in relation to seasonal changes in leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll concentration, and air temperatures of NE Argentina subtropical forests throughout the year. We included in the analysis several tree plantations (Pinus,
Exploring the relationship between spiritual well-being and quality of life among patients newly diagnosed with advanced cancer

Abstract Objective: In our context, existential plight refers to heightened concerns about life and death when people are diagnosed with cancer. Although the duration of existential plight has been proposed to be approximately 100 days, evidence from longitudinal studies raises questions about whether the impact of a diagnosis of advanced cancer may require a longer period of adjustment. The purpose of our study was to examine spiritual well-being (SpWB) and quality of life (QoL) as well as their interrelationship in 52 patients with advanced cancer after 100 days since the diagnosis at one and three months post-baseline. Method: The study was designed as a secondary data analysis of a cluster randomized clinical trial involving patients with stage 3 or 4 cancer undergoing treatment. SpWB was measured using the 12-item Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT–Sp–12); common factor analyses revealed a three-factor pattern on the FACIT–Sp–12. Quality of life was measured with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General (FACT–G). We limited our sample to participants assigned to the control condition (n = 52). Results: SpWB and QoL remained stable between one and three months post-baseline, which were a median of 112 and 183 days after diagnosis, respectively. SpWB was found to be associated with QoL more strongly than physical and emotional well-being. Peace and Meaning each contributed unique variance to QoL, and their relative importance shifted over time. Faith was positively related to QoL initially. This association became insignificant at three months post-baseline. Significance of results: This study underscores the significance of SpWB for people newly diagnosed with advanced cancer, and it highlights the dynamic pattern of Peace, Meaning, and Faith in association with QoL. Our results confirm that patients newly diagnosed with advanced cancer experience an existential crisis, improve and stabilize over time. Future studies with larger samples over a longer period of time are needed to verify these results.
Empirical Assessment of an Instrument for Operationalising Factors Affecting Use of B2E Portals

This paper discusses B2E portals, an important e-business model adopted by large organisations to service its employees. To understand the factors affecting the adoption of B2E portals, this paper includes the development of an instrument from literature analysis, application of Information Systems theories, a research model and factors affecting the use of B2E portals by using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Seven important factors affecting the adoption of B2E portals highlighted in this paper include: ease of use; usefulness; compatibility; motivation; helpdesk; organisation support and attitude.
The role of posterior parietal cortex in the regulation of saccadic eye movements

The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is a node within the cerebral ‘higher-order’ network that has no clear homologue in non-primate mammals and is fully defined only in catarrhine primates, which include old world monkeys and hominoids. The late coming of the PPC in the eye movement circuit and the absence of an unequivocal role in saccade preparation and production suggests that the PPC should only be viewed as an innovation to enhance the sensory guidance and flexible control of visual behaviour. In line with this idea is the evidence that the lateral intraparietal area integrates sensory and goal-directed information into a map wherein representations of spatial locations can be maintained and selected as saccade targets through decision processes.
Quantize-and-Forward Schemes for the Orthogonal Multiple-Access Relay Channel

The multiple-access relay channel with two sources, a single relay, and one destination is considered. Under the assumption of noisy source-relay links causing the relay to be unable to decode without error, we propose a framework for designing one- and two-dimensional quantizers for quantizing the soft information at the relay. These quantizers are mutual-information preserving. Simulation results show a) that mutual-information preserving quantization schemes outperform techniques in which the soft information is forwarded in an analog fashion to the destination, b) that two-dimensional quantization outperforms one-dimensional quantization for source-relay links of different quality, and c) that diversity order of two can be gained in block Rayleigh fading channels by having the relay adaptively select a two-dimensional quantizer from a fixed set of quantizers shared with the destination, depending on the channel state on the source-relay links.
Re-thinking Trust in a Performative Culture: the Case of Post Compulsory Education.

This paper examines the way in which the notion of trust is being reformulated within teacher professionalism in England. It does this by setting the discussion within the economic context in which education is placed and examines the competitiveness settlement and its construction of a high skills economy marked by high trust relations. It is argued that this model of the English economy does not sit well with existing relations. The paper then draws upon material from the Learning and Skills Council which sets the framework within which post-compulsory education and training is placed. It relates this discussion to the recent history of managerialism as well as performance management exploring the implications for trust relations. The paper then examines the nature of teacher professionalism and argues that current interventions work within a truncated model of trust which is contrasted with a dialogic understanding of professionalism.
Birth centre care over a 10‐year period: Infant morbidity during the first month after birth

Aim: To study morbidity during the first month of life affecting infants of mothers booked for birth centre care during pregnancy. Methods: 3238 live single‐born infants whose mothers were admitted to an in‐hospital birth centre, located at South Hospital in Stockholm, between 1989 and 2000 were compared with 179 502 infants whose mothers received standard maternity care in the Stockholm region during the same period, and who fulfilled the same medical inclusion criteria as those of the birth centre group. Information on other exposures and outcomes was collected from the Swedish Medical Birth and Hospital Discharge Registers. Logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate the odds ratio (OR), using 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Compared with infants born in standard care, infants in the birth centre group had a higher risk of respiratory problems (OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.14–1.69), a difference correlated to less serious respiratory diagnoses. However, the difference was not statistically significant if the birth centre group was compared only with infants born in standard care at South Hospital (OR 1.18; 95% CI 0.94–1.47). Birth centre care was associated with a lower risk of fractures (OR 0.40; 95% CI 0.25–0.63).