Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ETERNALLY ACCELERATING SPACELIKE BRANEWORLD COSMOLOGIES

We construct an eternally inflating spacelike brane world model. If the space dimension of the brane is three (SM2) or six (SM5) for M theory or four (SD3) for superstring theory, a time-dependent n-form field would supply a constant energy density and cause exponentially expansion of the spacelike brane. In these cases, the hyperbolic space perpendicular to the brane would keep its scale factor constant. In the other cases, however, the extra space would vary in size.
Atomic scale nanoelectronics for quantum neuromorphic devices: comparing different materials

I review the advancements of atomic scale nanoelectronics towards quantum neuromorphics. First, I summarize the key properties of elementary combinations of few neurons, namely long-- and short--term plasticity, spike-timing dependent plasticity (associative plasticity), quantumness and stochastic effects, and their potential computational employment. Next, I review several atomic scale device technologies developed to control electron transport at the atomic level, including single atom implantation for atomic arrays and CMOS quantum dots, single atom memories, Ag$_2$S and Cu$_2$S atomic switches, hafnium based RRAMs, organic material based transistors, Ge$_2$Sb$_2$Te$_5$ synapses. Each material/method proved successful in achieving some of the properties observed in real neurons. I compare the different methods towards the creation of a new generation of naturally inspired and biophysically meaningful artificial neurons, in order to replace the rigid CMOS based neuromorphic hardware. The most challenging aspect to address appears to obtain both the stochastic/quantum behavior and the associative plasticity, which are currently observed only below and above 20 nm length scale respectively, by employing the same material.
Applicability of the methylated CpG sites of paired box 5 (PAX5) promoter for prediction the prognosis of gastric cancer

Paired box gene 5 (PAX5), a member of the paired box gene family, is involved in control of organ development and tissue differentiation. In previous study, PAX5 promoter methylation was found in gastric cancer (GC) cells and tissues. At present study, we found that the inconsistently methylated levels of PAX5 promoter were identified in the different GC tissues. The methylated CpG site count and the methylated statuses of four CpG sites (-236, -183, -162, and -152) were significantly associated with the survival of 460 GC patients, respectively. Ultimately, the methylated CpG -236 was the optimal prognostic predictor of patients identified by using the Cox regression with AIC value calculation. These findings indicated that the methylated CpG -236 of PAX5 promoter has the potential applicability for clinical evaluation the prognosis of GC.
Nonlinear Stochastic Biasing of Galaxies and Dark Halos in Cosmological Hydrodynamic Simulations

We perform an extensive analysis of nonlinear and stochastic biasing of galaxies and dark halos in a spatially flat, low-density cold dark matter universe (Ω0 = 0.3, λ0 = 0.7, h = 0.7, and σ8 = 1) using cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. We identify galaxies by linking cold and dense gas particles that satisfy the Jeans criterion. We compare their biasing properties with the predictions of an analytic halo biasing model. Dark halos in our simulations exhibit reasonable agreement with the predictions only on scales larger than ~10 h-1 Mpc; on smaller scales, the volume exclusion effect of halos due to their finite size becomes substantial. Interestingly, the biasing properties of galaxies are better described by extrapolating the halo biasing model predictions. The clustering amplitudes of galaxies are almost independent of the redshift between z = 0 and 3, as reported in previous simulations. This in turn leads to a rapidly evolving biasing factor; we find that bcov ≃ 1 at redshift z ≃ 0 and bcov ≃ 3-4 at z = 3, where bcov is a biasing parameter defined from the linear regression of galaxy and dark matter density fields. Those values are consistent with the observed clustering of Lyman break galaxies. We also find the clear dependence of galaxy biasing on formation epoch; the distribution of old populations of galaxies tightly correlates with the underlying mass density field while that of young populations is slightly more stochastic and antibiased relative to dark matter. The amplitude of the two-point correlation function of old populations is about 3 times larger than that of young populations. Furthermore, the old population of galaxies resides within massive dark halos while the young galaxies are preferentially formed in smaller dark halos. Assuming that the observed early- and late-type galaxies correspond to the simulated old and young populations of galaxies, respectively, all of these segregations of galaxies are consistent with observational ones for early- and late-type galaxies such as, e.g., the morphology-density relation of galaxies.
A Model of Void Formation

We introduce a simple model for the formation of voids. In this model the underdensity of galaxies in voids is the product of two factors. The first arises from a gravitational expansion of the negative density perturbation. The second is due to biasing: galaxies are less likely to form in an underdense region. One feature of the model is an upper cutoff in void sizes. We calculate the volume-filling factor of characteristic voids for different cold dark matter (CDM) models and find that our formation model points to ΛCDM models as preferred models of the power spectrum. A natural consequence of our model is that the underdensity of the dark matter inside voids is smaller than the galaxy underdensity.
Long-term archiving of digital data on microfilm

E-government applications have to archive data or documents for long retention periods of 100 years or more. This requires to store digital data on stable media, and to ensure that the file formats can be read by available software. Both applications as well as media technology have only short life spans. Thus, data has to be migrated at frequent intervals onto new data carriers and to new file formats. However, original file versions usually need to be retained permanently. In terms of cost, stability and technology independence, microfilm storage offers a promising solution for off-line storage. This paper reports on a feasibility study analysing encoding techniques that allow digital data to be saved onto microfilm, testing data recovery as well as cost issues.
On Wireless Downlink Scheduling of MIMO Systems With Homogeneous Users

We investigate the problem of downlink user scheduling in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with M transmit antennas and K homogeneous multiantenna receiving users. We develop a simple algorithm to schedule a subset of M active users for data transmission. We first identify a set of L candidate users that should provide channel information feedback. We then select M active users among the L candidates based on joint consideration of their effective channel gains and directions. We derive an asymptotic upper bound for the sum rate gap between the maximum sum rate of the M selected active users, achieved by dirty paper coding, and the full sum capacity of the original MIMO broadcast channel. Utilizing the upper bound, we show that the sum rate gap can be reduced to meet user requirement by suitably choosing a large but still finite L. Furthermore, we also investigate the performance of the low complexity zero-forcing beamforming (ZFBF) for the M active users.
Long-Term Positive Associations between Music Lessons and IQ.

In Study 1 (N 147), duration of music lessons was correlated positively with IQ and with academic ability among 6- to 11-year-olds, even when potential confounding variables (i.e., family income, parents’ education, involvement in nonmusical activities) were held constant. In Study 2 (N 150), similar but weaker associations between playing music in childhood and intellectual functioning were evident among undergraduates. In both studies, there was no evidence that musical involvement had stronger associations with some aspects of cognitive ability (e.g., mathematical, spatial–temporal, verbal) than with others. These results indicate that formal exposure to music in childhood is associated positively with IQ and with academic performance and that such associations are small but general and long lasting.
Requests for information from a film archive: a case study of multimedia retrieval

Multimedia retrieval is a complex and to some extent still unexplored area. Based on a full year of e‐mail requests addressed to a large film archive this study analyses what types of information needs real users have and how these needs are expressed. The findings include that the requesters make use of a broad range of need attributes in specifying their information needs. These attributes relate to the production, content, subject, context and screening of films. However, a few attributes – especially title, production year and director – account for the majority of the attribute instances. Further, as much as 43 per cent of the requests contain no information about the context that gives rise to the request. The current indexing of the archived material is restricted to production‐related attributes, and access to the material is, thus, frequently dependent on the archivists’ extensive knowledge of the archived material and films in general.
BRAIN LOCALIZATION OF MEMORY CHUNKS IN CHESSPLAYERS

Chess experts store domain-specific representations in their long-term memory; due to the activation of such representations, they perform with high accuracy in tasks that require the maintenance of previously seen information. Chunk-based theories of expertise (chunking theory: ; template theory: ) state that expertise is acquired mainly by the acquisition and storage in long-term memory of familiar chunks that allow quick recognition. This study tested some predictions of these theories by using fMRI while chessplayers performed a recognition memory task. These theories predict that chessplayers access long-term memory chunks of domain-specific information, which are presumably stored in the temporal lobes. It was also predicted that the recognition memory tasks would activate working memory areas in the frontal and parietal lobes. These predictions were supported by the data.
The ER Stress Surveillance (ERSU) pathway regulates daughter cell ER protein aggregate inheritance

Stress induced by cytoplasmic protein aggregates can have deleterious consequences for the cell, contributing to neurodegeneration and other diseases. Protein aggregates are also formed within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), although the fate of ER protein aggregates, specifically during cell division, is not well understood. By simultaneous visualization of both the ER itself and ER protein aggregates, we found that ER protein aggregates that induce ER stress are retained in the mother cell by activation of the ER Stress Surveillance (ERSU) pathway, which prevents inheritance of stressed ER. In contrast, under conditions of normal ER inheritance, ER protein aggregates can enter the daughter cell. Thus, whereas cytoplasmic protein aggregates are retained in the mother cell to protect the functional capacity of daughter cells, the fate of ER protein aggregates is determined by whether or not they activate the ERSU pathway to impede transmission of the cortical ER during the cell cycle. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.06970. 001
Identifying ontology components from digital archives for the semantic web

This paper describes an approach for identifying Ontology components by using Self-Organizing Maps (SOM). Our system represents the knowledge contained in a particular domain, any kind of digital archive, by assembling and displaying its ontology components. This novel approach provides a solution to the problem of semi-automatic ontology construction, supports mechanisms that explore domains, and allows knowledge components to be displayed in a browsable manner. Further processing may be carried out on the extracted knowledge to be embedded on the semantic web for software agents to use.
Quality of life, geriatric assessment and survival in elderly patients with non-small-cell lung cancer treated with carboplatin-gemcitabine or carboplatin-paclitaxel: NVALT-3 a phase III study.

BACKGROUND Elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may derive similar benefit from platinum-based chemotherapy as younger patients. Quality of life (QoL) and comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is often advocated to assess benefits and risks. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 181 chemotherapy-naive patients [≥70 years, performance score (PS) of 0-2] with stage III-IV NSCLC received carboplatin and gemcitabine (CG) (n = 90) or carboplatin and paclitaxel (CP) (n = 91) every 3 weeks for up to four cycles. Primary end point was change in global QoL from baseline compared with week 18. Pretreatment CGA and mini geriatric assessment during and after treatment were undertaken. A principal component (PC) analysis was carried out to determine the underlying dimensions of CGA and QoL and subsequently related to survival. RESULTS There were no changes in QoL after treatment. The number of QoL responders (CG arm, 12%; CP arm, 5%) was not significantly different. CGA items were only associated with neuropsychiatric toxicity. Quality-adjusted survival was not different between treatment arms. The PC analysis derived from nine CGA, six QoL and one PS score indicated only one dominant dimension. This dimension was strongly prognostic, and physical and role functioning, Groningen Frailty Indicator and Geriatric Depression Scale were its largest contributors. CONCLUSIONS Paclitaxel or gemcitabine added to carboplatin did not have a differential effect on global QoL. CGA was associated with toxic effects in a very limited manner. CGA and QoL items measure one underlying dimension, which is highly prognostic.
A novel allele of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RFA1 that is deficient in recombination and repair and suppressible by RAD52

To understand the mechanisms involved in homologous recombination, we have performed a search for Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants unable to carry out plasmid-to-chromosome gene conversion. For this purpose, we have developed a colony color assay in which recombination is induced by the controlled delivery of double-strand breaks (DSBs). Recombination occurs between a chromosomal mutant ade2 allele and a second plasmid-borne ade2 allele where DSBs are introduced via the site-specific HO endonuclease. Besides isolating a number of new alleles in known rad genes, we identified a novel allele of the RFA1 gene, rfa1-44, which encodes the large subunit of the heterotrimeric yeast single-stranded DNA-binding protein RPA. Characterization of rfa1-44 revealed that it is, like members of the RAD52 epistasis group, sensitive to X rays, high doses of UV, and HO-induced DSBs. In addition, rfa1-44 shows a reduced ability to undergo sporulation and HO-induced gene conversion. The mutation was mapped to a single-base substitution resulting in an aspartate at amino acid residue 77 instead of glycine. Moreover, all radiation sensitivities and repair defects of rfa1-44 are suppressed by RAD52 in a dose-dependent manner, and one RAD52 mutant allele, rad52-34, displays nonallelic noncomplementation when crossed with rfa1-44. Presented is a model accounting for this genetic interaction in which Rfa1, in a complex with Rad52, serves to assemble other proteins of the recombination-repair machinery at the site of DSBs and other kinds of DNA damage. We believe that our findings and those of J. Smith and R. Rothstein (Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:1632-1641, 1995) are the first in vivo demonstrations of the involvement of a eukaryotic single-stranded binding protein in recombination and repair processes.
Structural Determinants of CX-4945 Derivatives as Protein Kinase CK2 Inhibitors: A Computational Study

Protein kinase CK2, also known as casein kinase-2, is involved in a broad range of physiological events including cell growth, proliferation and suppression of apoptosis which are related to human cancers. A series of compounds were identified as CK2 inhibitors and their inhibitory activities varied depending on their structures. In order to explore the structure-activity correlation of CX-4945 derivatives as inhibitors of CK2, in the present study, a set of ligand- and receptor-based 3D-QSAR models were developed employing Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) and Comparative Molecular Similarity Index Analysis (CoMSIA). The optimum CoMFA (Rcv2 = 0.618, Rpred2 = 0.892) and CoMSIA (Rcv2 = 0.681, Rpred2 = 0.843) models exhibited reasonable statistical characteristics for CX-4945 derivatives. The results indicated that electrostatic effects contributed the most to both CoMFA and CoMSIA models. The combination of docking analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation showed that Leu45, Lys68, Glu81, Val116, Asp175 and Trp176 of CK2 which formed several direct or water-bridged H-bonds with CX-4945 are crucial for CX-4945 derivatives recognition to CK2. These results can offer useful theoretical references for designing more potent CK2 inhibitors.
Analytical model for ID-VD characteristics of a triple metal double gate TFET

In the present era of nano dimensional devices, several non-conventional device structures are being proposed by researchers to satisfy the trend of continuous device dimension down-scaling. As one such non-conventional structure, the Tunneling Field Effect Transistors (TFETs) are now being investigated with tremendous attention due to the inherent advantage of carrier conduction by band-to-band tunneling mechanism which in turn mitigates various Short Channel Effects (SCEs). This work presents a two dimensional analytical model for the drain current evaluation of a triple metal double gate TFET. The work functions of the three metals used in the gate electrode are chosen in such a way that the reverse tunneling of carriers from drain to source can be mitigated. The variation of drain current for different device parameters has been studied and also verified with SILVACO TCAD simulator.
The presence of UV wavelengths improves the temporal resolution of the avian visual system

SUMMARY The ability to perceive rapid movement is an essential adaptation in birds, which are involved in rapid flight, pursuing prey and escaping predators. Nevertheless, the temporal resolution of the avian visual systems has been less well explored than spectral sensitivity. There are indications that birds are superior to humans in their ability to detect movement, as suggested by higher critical flicker frequencies (CFFs). It has also been implied, but not properly tested, that properties of CFF, as a function of light intensity, are affected by the spectral composition of light. This study measured CFF in the chicken, Gallus gallus L. , using four different light stimuli – white, full-spectrum (white with addition of UV), yellow (590 nm) and UV (400 nm) – and four light intensity levels, adjusted to relative cone sensitivity. The results showed significantly higher CFF values for full-spectrum compared with white light, as well as a steeper rate of increase with intensity. The presence of UV wavelengths, previously demonstrated to affect mate choice and foraging, appears to be important also for detection of rapid movement. The yellow and UV light stimuli yielded rather similar CFFs, indicating no special role for the double cone in flicker detection.
An immortalized osteogenic cell line derived from mouse teratocarcinoma is able to mineralize in vivo and in vitro

The hybrid plasmid pK4 containing the early genes of the simian virus SV-40, under the control of the adenovirus type 5 E1a promoter, was introduced into the multipotent embryonal carcinoma (EC) 1003. Expression of the SV-40 oncogenes was observed at the EC cell stage, and this allowed the derivation of immortalized cells corresponding to early stages of differentiation. Among the immortalized mesodermal derivatives obtained, one clone, C1, is committed to the osteogenic pathway. C1 cells have a stable phenotype, synthesize type I collagen, and express alkaline phosphatase activity. Although immortalized and expressing the SV-40 T antigen, the cells continue to be able to differentiate in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, after injection into syngeneic mice, they produce osteosarcomas. In vitro, the cells form nodules and deposit a collagenous matrix that mineralizes, going to hydroxyapatite crystal formation, in the presence of beta- glycerophosphate. This clonal cell line, which originates from an embryonal carcinoma, therefore differentiates into osteogenic cells in vivo and in vitro. This immortalized cell line will be useful in identifying specific molecular markers of the osteogenic pathway, to investigate gene regulation during osteogenesis and to study the ontogeny of osteoblasts.
CD133 expression predicts lung metastasis and poor prognosis in osteosarcoma patients: A clinical and experimental study

Identifying prognostic factors for osteosarcoma (OS) aids in the selection of patients who require more aggressive management. CD133 has been found to be a prognostic factor of certain tumor types. However, the association between CD133 expression and the prognosis of OS remains unknown. In this study, we analyzed the association of CD133 expression in OS with clinical factors and overall survival, and further investigated its potential role in metastasis in vitro. We found CD133 expression in 65.7% (46/70) of OS samples using immunohistochemistry, and it was positively correlated with lung metastasis analyzed by Chi-square test (P=0.002) and shorter overall survival time using the Kaplan-Meier method compared by log-rank test (P=0.000). Multivariate analysis showed that CD133 expression was an independent prognostic factor of patients with OS. To test for direct participation of CD133, we separated CD133+ and CD133− cells in the MG63 cell line using magnetic-activated cell sorting and found that CD133+ cells were more active in migration by scratch wound-healing assay and invasion by Matrigel invasion assay compared with CD133− cells. Elevated mRNA expression of the stemness gene octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4) and NANOG, and the metastasis-related receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) were also found in CD133+ cells by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Thus, expression of CD133 was correlated with lung metastasis and poor prognosis in OS patients. CD133+ cells may be a type of cancer stem cell with high expression of self-renewal capacity and metastasis-related genes.
Semantic collaborative Web caching

Too much information is no information. When the quantity of data becomes too large, users need help and tools to find their path in the information space. Users can browse through Terabytes of data and more, and the difficulty is finding the best way through all possible documents. Our feeling is that a user is not generic and has particular interests. Thus, the percentage of relevant documents is small, so the time to access these documents must be reduced. We propose a collaborative proxy architecture, close to the user, based on "hot" relevance topics, and the dynamic construction of virtual communities. In this framework, the temperature of a document or a subject reflects its current interest among a community. We propose an architecture that allows proxies not only to manage efficiently cached documents but also to exchange documents with other proxies. Furthermore, these proxies manage meta-data about their partial views of the information space. We show how such an approach fits to enhance global efficiency of the Web both in terms of access time to relevant documents and in terms of Web content indexing, adding semantic value where raw byte arrays are often considered.