Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On a problem of sidon in additive number theory, and on some related problems

To the memory of S. Sidon. Let 0 < a, < a,. be an infinite sequence of positive integers. Denote by f(n) the number of solutions of n=a i +a;. About twenty years ago, SIDON 1) raised the question wether there exists a sequence a; satisfying f(n) > 0 for all n > 1 and lim f(n)'nE = 0 for all t > 0. In the present note, I will construct such a sequence. In fact, my sequence will satisfy (1) 0 < f(n) < c l log n for all n > l. (The c's will denote suitable positive absolute constants .) It seems probable that (1) can not be strengthened very much. TURAN and I conjectured 2) that if f(n) > 0 for all n > n0 then lim sup f(n)=-; this conjecture seems very hard to prove. A still stronger conjecture would be the following : Let a,< a. ,<. be an infinite sequence of integers satisfying 0). < ck2. Then lim sup f(n) _ c,~. We will not be able to construct our sequences explicitely, but we will be able to show that in some sense almost all sequences satisfy (1). The idea of our construction is the following. Define A k as the least integer greater than c2 k"i 2'2', 2. Pick in all possible ways A,, integers from the interval , (2k 2'~+') One can do this in (A~) ways. One thus obtains the integers J < b2kl <. < b.4. I will show that if for each k one neglects o(Ak) " bad" choices of the b('''' and forms a sequence a, < a 2 <. . from any of the "good" choices of the b;'') (k-1,2,. . ; 1-i :5A,,) the sequence a,< a . ,<. will satisfy (1). Thus roughly speaking (1) will be satisfied for almost all choices of the b(k'. We have to make one more remark. For small values of k it may happen that c2 2 k,12 k' 2 > 2k. In this case the b(k) are simply all the integers of the interval (2 k, 2k} 1). Also, it is clearly enough to show that f(n) > 0 for all 1) Oral communication .
Geometry and Texture Recovery of Scenes of Large Scale

This paper presents a systematic approach to the problem of photorealistic 3-D model acquisition from the combination of range and image sensing. The input is a sequence of unregistered range scans of the scene and a sequence of unregistered 2-D photographs of the same scene. The output is a true texture-mapped geometric model of the scene. We believe that the developed modules are of vital importance for a flexible photorealistic 3-D model acquisition system. Segmentation algorithms simplify the dense datasets and provide stable features of interest which can be used for registration purposes. Solid modeling provides geometrically correct 3-D models. Finally, the automated range to an image registration algorithm can increase the flexibility of the system by decoupling the slow geometry recovery process from the image acquisition process; the camera does not have to be precalibrated and rigidly attached to the range sensor. The system is comprehensive in that it addresses all phases of the modeling problem with a particular emphasis on automating the entire process interaction.
MOTIVASI DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN GIGI POLTEKKESKEMENKES YOGYAKARTA

Education is an agent to create individual character. Each individual in the education required to study in order to create a goal which was in want. Motivation and learning aretwo things that influence each others. Motivation is the psychological aspects of every individual. The learning achievement is a change in behavior that occurs after following the teaching and learning process in accordance with the purpose of education. The purpose of research which to know the motivation and achievement of students of dental nurse in health polytechnic ministry of Yogyakarta. This research uses descriptive method. The making of the sample in the study with a sampling of saturated. The population in this study were students D-III, the second semester of dental nurse in health polytechnic ministry of Yogyakartawhich has 59 people. The aspects studied were the motivation, academic achievement, gender, and age. Data management using cross tabulation, data is acquired from learning motivation and achievement of each member of the population to prepare and organize the data in a way that will be easy to do a sum, compiled and presented in tabular form. The results of this analysis, 74.6% of respondents have a good motivation, 66.1% of respondents have a good learning achievement and 57.6% of respondents have good motivation to learn good achievement. The conclusion of this study is the most of dental nursing students have good motivation and good learning achievement. Keywords: Motivation, Achievement, Dental Nurse
Food Group Intakes as Determinants of Iodine Status among US Adult Population

Adequate intake of iodine is essential for proper thyroid function. Although dietary reference intakes for iodine have been established, iodine intake cannot be estimated due to the lack of data on iodine contents in foods. We aimed to determine if food group intakes can predict iodine status assessed by urinary iodine concentration (UIC) from spot urine samples of 5967 US adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012. From an in-person 24-h dietary recall, all foods consumed were aggregated into 12 main food groups using the individual food code of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA); dairy products, meat/poultry, fish/seaweed, eggs, legumes/nuts/seeds, breads, other grain products, fruits, vegetables, fats/oils, sugars/sweets, and beverages. Chi-square test, Spearman correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate the predictability of food group intakes in iodine status assessed by UIC. From the multiple linear regressions, the consumption of dairy products, eggs, and breads, and iodine-containing supplement use were positively associated with UIC, whereas beverage consumption was negatively associated with UIC. Among various food group intakes, dairy product intake was the most important determinant of iodine status in both US men and women. Subpopulation groups with a high risk of iodine deficiency may need nutritional education regarding the consumption of dairy products, eggs, and breads to maintain an adequate iodine status. Efforts toward a better understanding of iodine content in each food and a continued monitoring of iodine status within US adults are both warranted.
Solving arithmetic word problems. An analysis of Spanish textbooks / Resolución de problemas aritméticos verbales. Un análisis de los libros de texto españoles

Abstract This study analyses whether the primary school mathematics textbooks from two Spanish publishers show a varied instructional diet of addition and multiplication problems at different levels of complexity. To do so, it analyses the problems in all the primary grades by the publishers Santillana and SM according to two levels of complexity: (a) procedural (number of steps needed to solve the problem); and (b) semantic/mathematical (addition or multiplication structures, with their different subtypes). The results show that: (a) these problems are so simple that the books themselves cannot be regarded as a sufficient tool to teach students to solve the more complex problems; and (b) if we compare them with previous studies, the design of the problems has hardly changed in 10 years. These results show that the variety of problems in books should be expanded both procedurally and semantically/mathematically, and teachers should be given assistance to compensate for these shortcomings when using these textbooks in class.
On the Effects of Task Involvement Load on Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners’ Word Learning: Reading and writing Tasks vs.Translation Tasks

Due to the fact that all language learners and teachers are aware of the fact that acquiring a second language involves a learning of the large number of vocabulary items, investigating how vocabulary is learned and what the best ways are to enhance effective acquisition have been important lines of investigation in the field of second language acquisition (SLA). The present study intended to compare the effect of enhancing the quality of vocabulary acquisition by reading, writing, and translation tasks with different degrees of involvement load. To this end, 60 intermediate third grade junior high school students were randomly assigned to four groups. In each group a task with a different level of involvement, including two different reading tasks, a writing task, and a translation task was instructed over a six-month period. The results of the descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA revealed that the group with the highest involvement load task outperformed the other groups in terms of vocabulary acquisition, but the translation task even led to a greater performance in the post-test. These unique findings shed some light on the importance and the practicality of translation tasks in ESL contexts.
Loss of P2X7 Receptor Plasma Membrane Expression and Function in Pathogenic B220+ Double-Negative T Lymphocytes of Autoimmune MRL/lpr Mice

Lupus is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease influenced by multiple genetic loci including Fas Ligand (FasL) and P2X7 receptor (P2X7R). The Fas/Fas Ligand apoptotic pathway is critical for immune homeostasis and peripheral tolerance. Normal effector T lymphocytes up-regulate the transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase B220 before undergoing apoptosis. Fas-deficient MRL/lpr mice (lpr mutation) exhibit lupus and lymphoproliferative syndromes due to the massive accumulation of B220+ CD4–CD8– (DN) T lymphocytes. The precise ontogeny of B220+ DN T cells is unknown. B220+ DN T lymphocytes could be derived from effector CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, which have not undergone activation-induced cell death due to inactivation of Fas, or from a special cell lineage. P2X7R is an extracellular ATP-gated cell membrane receptor involved in the release of proinflammatory cytokines and TNFR1/Fas-independent cell death. P2X7R also regulate early signaling events involved in T-cell activation. We show herein that MRL/lpr mice carry a P2X7R allele, which confers a high sensitivity to ATP. However, during aging, the MRL/lpr T-cell population exhibits a drastically reduced sensitivity to ATP- or NAD-mediated stimulation of P2X7R, which parallels the increase in B220+ DN T-cell numbers in lymphoid organs. Importantly, we found that this B220+ DN T-cell subpopulation has a defect in P2X7R-mediated responses. The few B220+ T cells observed in normal MRL+/+ and C57BL/6 mice are also resistant to ATP or NAD treatment. Unexpectedly, while P2X7R mRNA and proteins are present inside of B220+ T cells, P2X7R are undetectable on the plasma membrane of these T cells. Our results prompt the conclusion that cell surface expression of B220 strongly correlates with the negative regulation of the P2X7R pathway in T cells.
Translation of Viral mRNA without Active eIF2: The Case of Picornaviruses

Previous work by several laboratories has established that translation of picornavirus RNA requires active eIF2α for translation in cell free systems or after transfection in culture cells. Strikingly, we have found that encephalomyocarditis virus protein synthesis at late infection times is resistant to inhibitors that induce the phosphorylation of eIF2α whereas translation of encephalomyocarditis virus early during infection is blocked upon inactivation of eIF2α by phosphorylation induced by arsenite. The presence of this compound during the first hour of infection leads to a delay in the appearance of late protein synthesis in encephalomyocarditis virus-infected cells. Depletion of eIF2α also provokes a delay in the kinetics of encephalomyocarditis virus protein synthesis, whereas at late times the levels of viral translation are similar in control or eIF2α-depleted HeLa cells. Immunofluorescence analysis reveals that eIF2α, contrary to eIF4GI, does not colocalize with ribosomes or with encephalomyocarditis virus 3D polymerase. Taken together, these findings support the novel idea that eIF2 is not involved in the translation of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA during late infection. Moreover, other picornaviruses such as foot-and-mouth disease virus, mengovirus and poliovirus do not require active eIF2α when maximal viral translation is taking place. Therefore, translation of picornavirus RNA may exhibit a dual mechanism as regards the participation of eIF2. This factor would be necessary to translate the input genomic RNA, but after viral RNA replication, the mechanism of viral RNA translation switches to one independent of eIF2.
EFFICIENT IMPLEMENTATIONS OF APRIORI AND ECLAT

Apriori and Eclat are the best-known basic algorithms for mining frequent item sets in a set of transactions. In this paper I describe implementations of these two algorithms that use several optimizations to achieve maximum performance, w.r. t. both execution time and memory usage. The Apriori implementation is based on a prefix tree representation of the needed counters and uses a doubly recursive scheme to count the transactions. The Eclat implementation uses (sparse) bit matrices to represent transactions lists and to filter closed and maximal item sets.
Insights into the concept of vitality: associations with participation and societal costs.

BACKGROUND In healthcare, the focus is currently shifting from someone's disabilities to someone's abilities, which is also evident from the increasing focus on vitality. Vitality (here defined as energy, motivation and resilience) is an often used concept, which also aims at someone's capabilities. However, little is known about vitality yet; in particular about its association with participation and societal costs. METHODS Within a cross-sectional design, information regarding vitality, participation and societal costs was collected among 8015 Dutch adults aged 20 years and over. Vitality was measured using the validated Dutch Vitality Questionnaire (Vita-16). Information on economic (i.e. want/able to work, work absenteeism, work performance), societal (i.e. voluntary work, informal care giving) and social participation (i.e. quantity and quality of social contacts) and societal costs (i.e. healthcare and work-related costs) was collected using an internet survey. RESULTS Significant associations were found between vitality and various economic (i.e.sustainable employability:want to work: β = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.99-1.43,able to work:β = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.79-2.38;work absenteeism: OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.71-0.79;work performance:β = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.46-0.52), societal (i.e.voluntary work, informal care) and social (i.e.quantity and quality of social contacts) participation measures, as well as between vitality and societal costs (i.e.healthcare costs:β = -213.73, 95% CI: €-311.13 to €-107.08),absenteeism costs: β = -338.57, 95% CI: €-465.36 to €-214.14 and presenteeism costs:β = -1293.31, 95% CI: €-1492.69 to €-1088.95). CONCLUSION This study showed significant positive associations between vitality and economic, societal and social participation and negative associations between vitality and societal costs. This may stimulate research on interventions enhancing and maintaining vitality and thereby contributing to improved participation and reduced costs.
Voice and Fluency Changes as a Function of Speech Task and Deep Brain Stimulation Complimentary Author Pdf: Not for Broad Dissemination Complimentary Author Pdf: Not for Broad Dissemination

Purpose: Speaking, which naturally occurs in different modes or " tasks " such as conversation and repetition, relies on intact basal ganglia nuclei. Recent studies suggest that voice and fluency parameters are differentially affected by speech task. In this study, the authors examine the effects of subcortical functionality on voice and fluency, comparing measures obtained from spontaneous and matched repeated speech samples. Method: Subjects with Parkinson's disease who were being treated with bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nuclei were tested with stimulators ON and OFF. Results: The study found that a voice measure, harmonic to noise ratio, is improved in repetition and in the DBS-ON condition and that dysfluencies are more plentiful in conversation with little or variable influence of DBS condition. Conclusions: These findings suggest that voice and fluency are differentially affected by DBS treatment and that task conditions, interacting with subcortical functionality, influence motor speech performance. T he ability to speak clearly involves a complex brain system that is not fully understood. Parkinson's disease (PD), a disorder primarily affecting the basal ganglia, interferes with this ability. In earlier times, subcortical nuclei were regarded as subordinately relaying commands from motor and supplementary motor cortex to lower motor neurons. Intensive studies in the past several decades (DeLong & Georgopoulous, 1981; DeLong, Georgopoulos, & Crutcher, 1983) and the influential lecture by Marsden (1982) have led to a more complex view. The intricacies of motor control by the human basal ganglia have been revealed using several ap-Several kinds of control and management are now recognized as inherent to basal ganglia processing, including planning and execution it playing a central role in behavioral " action selection " (Gurney et al., 2001a, p. 401). In Baev's (1995) model of basal ganglia function, monitoring is achieved in the dopaminergic system through matching of the predicted gesture with the actual afferent flow coming from the executed motor gesture. Thus, far from constituting an indirect pathway, circuitry in the basal ganglia forms an " additional integrative station " enabling motor gestures in concert with widespread projections to other subcortical and to cortical neurons (Parent & Hazrati, 1995b, p. 128). In a similar view, Graybiel (1998) proposes that the basal ganglia formulate representations of motor and cogni-tive action sequences in order to implement them as performance units. These interpretations of basal ganglia function drawn from motor control studies have important implications for our understanding of …
Transverse and longitudinal coupled bunch instabilities in trains of closely spaced bunches

It is noted that damping rings for the next generation of linear collider may need to contain several bunch trains within which the bunches are quite closely spaced (1 or 2 RF wavelengths). Methods are presented for studying the transverse and longitudinal coupled bunch instabilities applicable to this problem and to other cases in which the placement of the bunches is not necessarily symmetric. It is shown that, given the coherent frequencies and normal modes, the Laplace transform can be used to obtain the motion of the bunches, taking the initial conditions correctly into account. A computer tracking method has been used in the transverse case to obtain the offset of each bunch as a function of time. It is pointed out that at least one of these methods is always applicable, and in many cases both of them are. <<ETX>>
Genetic Signatures of HPV-related and Unrelated Oropharyngeal Carcinoma and Their Prognostic Implications

Purpose: Patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-containing oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) have a better prognosis than patients with HPV-negative OSCC. This may be attributed to different genetic pathways promoting cancer. Experimental Design: We used comparative genomic hybridization to identify critical genetic changes in 60 selected OSCC, 28 of which were associated with HPV-16 as determined by HPV-specific PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis and positive p16INK4A immunostaining. The results were correlated with HPV status and clinical data from patients. Results: Two thirds of OSCC harbored gain at 3q26.3-qter irrespective of HPV status. In HPV-negative tumors this alteration was associated with advanced tumor stage (P = 0.013). In comparison with HPV-related OSCC, the HPV-negative tumors harbored: (a) a higher number of chromosomal alterations and amplifications (P = 0.03 and 0.039, respectively); (b) significantly more losses at 3p, 5q, 9p, 15q, and 18q, and gains/amplifications at 11q13 (P = 0.002, 0.03; <0.001, 0.02, 0.004, and 0.001, respectively); and (c) less often 16q losses and Xp gains (P = 0.02 and 0.03). Survival analysis revealed a significantly better disease-free survival for HPV-related OSCC (P = 0.02), whereas chromosome amplification was an unfavorable prognostic indicator for disease-free and overall survival (P = 0.01 and 0.05, respectively). Interestingly, 16q loss, predominantly identified in HPV-related OSCC, was a strong indicator of favorable outcome (overall survival, P = 0.008; disease-free survival, P = 0.01) and none of these patients had a tumor recurrence. Conclusions: Genetic signatures of HPV-related and HPV-unrelated OSCC are different and most likely underlie differences in tumor development and progression. In addition, distinct chromosomal alterations have prognostic significance.
Glueballs and k-strings in SU(N) gauge theories: calculations with improved operators

We test a variety of blocking and smearing algorithms for constructing glueball and string wave-functionals, and find some with much improved overlaps onto the lightest states. We use these algorithms to obtain improved results on the tensions of k-strings in SU(4), SU(6), and SU(8) gauge theories. We emphasise the major systematic errors that still need to be controlled in calculations of heavier k-strings, and perform calculations in SU(4) on an anisotropic lattice in a bid to minimise one of these. All these results point to the k-string tensions lying part-way between the `MQCD' and `Casimir Scaling' conjectures, with the power in 1/N of the leading correction lying [1,2]. We also obtain some evidence for the presence of quasi-stable strings in calculations that do not use sources, and observe some near-degeneracies between (excited) strings in different representations. We also calculate the lightest glueball masses for N = 2,. ,8, and extrapolate to N = ∞, obtaining results compatible with earlier work. We show that the N = ∞ factorisation of the euclidean correlators that are used in such mass calculations does not make the masses any less calculable at large N.
The direct and indirect effects of core and peripheral social capital on organizational performance

In this paper we adopt a core-periphery approach to specify the direct and indirect effects of social capital on organizational performance. We suggest that social capital deriving from stable task relationships between organizational members has a direct positive effect on organizational performance. Said effect depends, in both strength and functional form, on whether actors involved in stable dyads are located at the core or at the periphery of the organization. We also argue that core and peripheral social capital affect performance indirectly by moderating the organization's ability to leverage its human capital to improve performance. Results from a 48-year study of the National Basketball Association support our arguments and bear important implications for strategic human resource practices and organizational performance in competitive settings.
Reactive stepping to prevent falling for humanoids

This paper proposes a reactive motion controller for a humanoid robot to maintain balance against a large disturbance, by relatively stepping. A reactive step is performed by the robot, so that it reduces the disturbance force. Several problems are addressed: first the motion is designed to ensure the respect of stepping constraints such as a dynamical stability, motion feasibility of the swing leg and so on. Moreover the stepping has to be generated in real-time and to be updated as quick as possible after the disturbance. To overcome these problems, we extend simultaneous the center of gravity (COG) and the zero-moment point (ZMP) planning based on a generic analytical solution of the linear inverted pendulum [8]. The ZMP fluctuation and the modification of foot placement are determined by numerical optimization according to the position and velocity error of the COG due to the disturbance. All these computations are performed at low cost. The proposed method is validated through several simulations.