Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trajectories of terrorism Attack patterns of foreign groups that have targeted the United States , 1970 – 2004

Research Summary Although researchers began to assemble open-source terrorism event databases in the late 1960s, until recently most of these databases excluded domestic attacks. This exclusion is particularly misleading for the United States because, although the United States is often perceived to be the central target of transnational terrorism, the domestic attacks of foreign groups targeting the United States are often ignored. We began this article with 53 foreign terrorist groups that have been identified by U.S. State Department and other government sources as posing a special threat to the United States. Using newly available data from the Global Terrorism Database composed of both domestic and transnational terrorist attacks, we examined 16,916 attacks attributed to these groups between 1970 and 2004. We found that just 3% of attacks by these designated anti-U.S. groups were actually directed at the United States. Moreover, 99% of attacks targeting the United States did not occur on U.S. soil but were aimed at U.S. targets in other countries (e.g., embassies or multilateral corporations). We also found that more than 90% of the non-U.S. attacks were domestic (i.e., nationals from one country attacking targets of the same nationality in the same country). We used group-based trajectory analysis to examine the different developmental trajectories of U.S. target and non-U.S. target terrorist strikes and concluded that four trajectories best capture attack patterns for both. These trajectories outline three terrorist
Prostate cancer detection: Fusion of cytological and textural features

A computer-assisted system for histological prostate cancer diagnosis can assist pathologists in two stages: (i) to locate cancer regions in a large digitized tissue biopsy, and (ii) to assign Gleason grades to the regions detected in stage 1. Most previous studies on this topic have primarily addressed the second stage by classifying the preselected tissue regions. In this paper, we address the first stage by presenting a cancer detection approach for the whole slide tissue image. We propose a novel method to extract a cytological feature, namely the presence of cancer nuclei (nuclei with prominent nucleoli) in the tissue, and apply this feature to detect the cancer regions. Additionally, conventional image texture features which have been widely used in the literature are also considered. The performance comparison among the proposed cytological textural feature combination method, the texture-based method and the cytological feature-based method demonstrates the robustness of the extracted cytological feature. At a false positive rate of 6%, the proposed method is able to achieve a sensitivity of 78% on a dataset including six training images (each of which has approximately 4,000x7,000 pixels) and 1 1 whole-slide test images (each of which has approximately 5,000x23,000 pixels). All images are at 20X magnification.
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE POTENTIAL OF COMPONENT ANALYSIS FOR WEATHER CLASSIFICATION

Abstract Selected hourly surface observations from Madison, Wis. and Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn. are used as basic data for a series of analyses to determine the feasibility of establishing weather classifications. Component analysis (factor analysis) is applied to a sample of January data for Madison to reduce the number of variables needed to suitably describe each day meteorologically and to create orthogonality among these new variables. With these results as the design matrix in regression analysis, a mathematical model for each day is constructed and each day is compared to all other days in order to classify similar days into distinctive weather types. Every day within each class is compared with the synoptic situation for that day to establish whether these types form a reasonable synoptic pattern. The temporal and spatial validity of these newly found weather types is tested by applying the foregoing results to an independent January sample for Madison and an independent January sample for Minnea.
Consequences of Wear Interruption for Discomfort With Contact Lenses

Purpose To establish whether increased end-of-day discomfort during soft contact lens wear is associated with short-term changes occurring to the lens itself. Methods Twenty-seven subjects wore hydrogel lenses (Focus Dailies; Alcon) bilaterally for 10 hours on two separate days. Comfort was reported using 1–100 numerical rating scales (1 = intolerable discomfort, 100 = lens cannot be felt). Day 1 ratings were taken before lens insertion and at 0.05, 5, and 10 hours post-insertion. Day 2 ratings occurred at similar times, but lenses were removed after the 5-hour assessment and either reinserted (n = 14) or newly replaced (n = 12). An additional rating was taken 5 minutes after re-insertion. Wear then continued to the 10-hour point. In a separate study, 24 different subjects repeated these procedures using a silicone hydrogel lens (AirOptix Aqua; Alcon) with wear taking place on 3 days to permit lens replacement to be with existing as well as new lenses in all subjects. Results For hydrogel lenses, comfort scores (mean ± 95% CI) reported after 10 hours were 79.4 ± 8.3 when lenses were worn un-replaced, compared with 73.2 ± 9.2 for replacement with the existing lens. When replacement was with a brand new lens, the corresponding values were 72.9 ± 10.9 (un-replaced) versus 69.2 ± 12.8 (new lens replacement). For silicone hydrogel lenses, 10-hour comfort was 90.3 ± 3.2 (un-replaced) versus 92.2 ± 2.9 (replacement with existing lens) versus 90.0 ± 3.3 (replacement with new lens). Differences between replacement conditions were not significant in any case (analysis of variance, p > 0.05). Conclusions Final comfort was not influenced by replacing lenses midway through the wearing period. Comfort decrements experienced by users of these daily contact lenses towards the later part of the wearing period are not caused by changes occurring to the lenses on this time scale. Possible alternative etiological factors include a fatigue-like response in one or more ocular tissues or stimulation of ocular surface nociceptors induced by the presence of the contact lens.
Identification of Candidate Genes and Biosynthesis Pathways Related to Fertility Conversion by Wheat KTM3315A Transcriptome Profiling

The Aegilops kotschyi thermo-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility (K-TCMS) system may facilitate hybrid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed multiplication and production. The K-TCMS line is completely male sterile during the normal wheat-growing season, whereas its fertility can be restored in a high-temperature environment. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for male sterility/fertility conversion and candidate genes involved with pollen development in K-TCMS, we employed RNA-seq to sequence the transcriptomes of anthers from K-TCMS line KTM3315A during development under sterile and fertile conditions. We identified 16840 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in different stages including15157 known genes (15135 nuclear genes and 22 plasmagenes) and 1683 novel genes. Bioinformatics analysis identified possible metabolic pathways involved with fertility based on KEGG pathway enrichment of the DEGs expressed in fertile and sterile plants. We found that most of the genes encoding key enzyme in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and jasmonate biosynthesis pathways were significant upregulated in uninucleate, binuclate or trinucleate stage, which both interact with MYB transcription factors, and that link between all play essential roles in fertility conversion. The relevant DEGs were verified by quantitative RT-PCR. Thus, we suggested that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and jasmonate biosynthesis pathways were involved in fertility conversion of K-TCMS wheat. This will provide a new perspective and an effective foundation for the research of molecular mechanisms of fertility conversion of CMS wheat. Fertility conversion mechanism in thermo-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterile/fertile wheat involves the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, jasmonate biosynthesis pathway, and MYB transcription factors.
Risk factors and life processes associated with the onset of suicidal behaviour during adolescence and early adulthood

Background. This study examined associations between childhood circumstances, adolescent mental health and life events, and the development of suicidal behaviour in young people aged between 15 and 21 years. Method. Data were gathered over the course of a 21-year longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 1265 children born in New Zealand. The measures collected included: (1) patterns of suicidal behaviour (ideation, attempt) (15–21 years); (2) social background, family functioning, parental and individual adjustment during childhood (0–16 years); and (3) time dynamics of mental health and stressful life events during adolescence and early adulthood (15–21 years). Results. By the age of 21 years, 28·8% of the sample reported having thought about killing themselves and 7·5% reported having made a suicide attempt. The childhood profile of those at greatest risk of suicidal behaviour was that of a young person reared in a family environment characterized by socio-economic adversity, marital disruption, poor parent–child attachment and exposure to sexual abuse, and who as a young adolescent showed high rates of neuroticism and novelty seeking. With the exception of the socio-economic and personality measures, the effects of childhood factors were largely mediated by mental health problems and exposure to stressful life events during adolescence and early adulthood. Mental health problems including depression, anxiety disorders, substance use disorder, and to some extent conduct disorder, in addition to exposure to adverse life events, were significantly associated with the onset of suicidal behaviours. Conclusions. Findings support a life course model of the aetiology of suicidal behaviour in which risk of developing suicidal behaviour depends on accumulative exposure to a series of social, family, personality and mental health factors.
Sub-mW Current Re-Use Receiver Front-End for Wireless Sensor Network Applications

In this paper, a receiver front-end tailored to Bluetooth Low Energy applications is presented. In the proposed solution, the LNA, mixers, VCO, quadrature scheme and the first stage of the analog base-band share the same bias current under a 0.8 V voltage supply leading to a sub-mW power consumption. A channel selection filter, implemented through a current re-use gm-C topology, completes the design. The presented prototype, realized in 130 nm CMOS technology, occupies an active area of 0.25 mm 2 while consuming only 0.6 mW. With a NF of 15.8 dB, an IIP3 of -17 dBm at the maximum gain and an image rejection above 30 dB the receiver front-end meets BLE noise figure, image rejection, phase noise and linearity requirements.
Impact of Photon Noise on the Reliability of a Motion-Sensitive Neuron in the Fly's Visual System

Variable behavioral responses to identical visual stimuli can, in part, be traced back to variable neuronal signals that provide unreliable information about the outside world. This unreliability in encoding of visual information is caused by several noise sources such as photon noise, synaptic noise, or the stochastic nature of ion channels. Neurons of the fly's visual motion pathway have been claimed to represent perfect encoders, with photon noise as the main noise source limiting their performance. Other studies on the fly's visual system suggest, however, that internal noise emerging within the nervous system also affects the reliability of motion vision. To resolve these contradictory interpretations, we performed an electrophysiological investigation, inspired by the “equivalent noise” paradigm applied in psychophysics, on the fly's motion-sensitive H1 neuron. Noise-like brightness fluctuations of different strength were superimposed on the motion stimuli. Because the noise level found to affect the temporal properties of the spike responses is much larger than the estimate of photon noise under the experimental conditions, our results indicate that motion vision is more likely to be limited by internal sources of variability than by photon noise.
Propulsive efficiency of frog swimming with different feet and swimming patterns

ABSTRACT Aquatic and terrestrial animals have different swimming performances and mechanical efficiencies based on their different swimming methods. To explore propulsion in swimming frogs, this study calculated mechanical efficiencies based on data describing aquatic and terrestrial webbed-foot shapes and swimming patterns. First, a simplified frog model and dynamic equation were established, and hydrodynamic forces on the foot were computed according to computational fluid dynamic calculations. Then, a two-link mechanism was used to stand in for the diverse and complicated hind legs found in different frog species, in order to simplify the input work calculation. Joint torques were derived based on the virtual work principle to compute the efficiency of foot propulsion. Finally, two feet and swimming patterns were combined to compute propulsive efficiency. The aquatic frog demonstrated a propulsive efficiency (43.11%) between those of drag-based and lift-based propulsions, while the terrestrial frog efficiency (29.58%) fell within the range of drag-based propulsion. The results illustrate the main factor of swimming patterns for swimming performance and efficiency. Summary: To explore propulsion in swimming frogs, this study analyzed mechanical efficiencies based on data describing aquatic and terrestrial feet and swimming patterns.
HIV epidemic in Estonia in the third decade of the AIDS era

This article describes current trends of HIV/AIDS and related conditions in Estonia, with the aim of highlighting key determinants in transmission dynamics and risk groups, problems and barriers of combating HIV/AIDS, and possible implications for prevention and control. Throughout the transition period Estonia has experienced major changes in political, economic, and social structure which all have contributed to increased violence, high-risk sexual behaviour, and substance abuse. Incidences of hepatitis B, C and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) increased in the early 1990s. HIV outbreaks were first detected among injecting drug users (IDUs) in 2000 and are still concentrated among this population group. High rates of sexual risk behaviour and inadequate knowledge regarding prevention of disease transmission in Estonia emphasizes the threat of a sex-related and STI facilitated driven HIV epidemic. To prevent further spread of HIV it is necessary to implement harm reduction interventions among IDUs. However, without effective management of socioeconomic and administrative barriers to health care and other services, an explicit policy on drugs will not reach marginalized groups and will not be able to prevent a further spread of these interrelated epidemics.
Evaluation of the PillCam Colon capsule in the detection of colonic pathology: results of the first multicenter, prospective, comparative study.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Population-based screening for colorectal cancer is widely recommended, with conventional colonoscopy considered to be the preferred diagnostic modality. However, compliance with screening colonoscopy is low and manpower capacity is limited. Capsule endoscopy might therefore represent a desirable alternative strategy. PATIENTS AND METHODS The PillCam Colon capsule endoscope was prospectively tested in a multicenter setting. The indications for endoscopy in the enrolled patients included colorectal cancer screening (43 %), postpolypectomy surveillance (26 %), and lower gastrointestinal signs and symptoms (31 %). Study subjects underwent colon preparation and then ingested the capsule on the morning of the examination, with conventional colonoscopy being performed the same day. The PillCam Colon capsule findings were reviewed by three experts in capsule endoscopy who were blinded to the conventional colonoscopy findings. RESULTS A total of 91 subjects were enrolled in three Israeli centers (55 men, 36 women; mean age 57), and the results were evaluable in 84 cases. The capsule was excreted within 10 hours in 74 % of the patients and reached the rectosigmoid colon in the other 16 %. Of the 84 evaluable patients, 20 (24 %) had significant findings, defined as at least one polyp of 6 mm or more in size or three or more polyps of any size: 14/20 (70 %) were identified with the capsule and 16/20 (80 %) were identified by conventional colonoscopy. Polyps of any size were found in 45 patients, 34/45 (76 %) found by the capsule and 36/45 (80 %) by conventional colonoscopy. In comparison with conventional colonoscopy, false-positive findings on PillCam Colon capsule examination were recorded in 15/45 cases (33 %). There were no adverse events related to the capsule endoscopy. CONCLUSIONS PillCam Colon capsule endoscopy appears to be a promising new modality for colonic evaluation. Further improvements in the procedure will probably increase capsule examination completion and polyp detection rates. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the accuracy of PillCam Colon endoscopy in other patient populations with different prevalence levels of colonic disease.
Analysis of EEG and EMG signals for detection of Sleep Disordered Breathing events

Sleep Disordered Breathing describes a group of disorders characterized by abnormalities of respiratory pattern or the quantity of ventilation during sleep. Sleep Disordered Breathing causes disruptions in sleep, yielding waking somnolence, diminished neurocognitive performance, adverse cardiovascular outcomes, insulin resistance and other metabolic dysfunctions. Electroencephalography and Electromyography signal analysis enables neurologists and sleep specialists to diagnose and monitor Sleep Disordered Breathing events. This paper look into the prospect of identifying sleep disordered breathing events through the analysis of Electroencephalograph and Electromyography signals. EEG and EMG signals corresponding to 25 subjects with previously diagnosed with Sleep Disorder Breathing studied and analyzed. The detection of Sleep Disordered Breathing events were based on the study of power spectral analysis of EEG and EMG signals. The variations in the normalized power of various spectral bands of EEG signals are studied along with the variations in power of the corresponding EMG signals. This paper also discusses the probable causes of the aforementioned variations in the EEG and EMG signals.
Please Scroll down for Article International Journal of Electronics Heterogeneous Network-on-chip Design through Evolutionary Computing Heterogeneous Network-on-chip Design through Evolutionary Computing

This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. This article explores the use of biologically inspired evolutionary computational techniques for designing and optimising heterogeneous network-on-chip (NoC) architectures, where the nodes of the NoC-based chip multiprocessor exhibit different properties such as performance, energy, temperature, area and communication bandwidth. Focusing primarily on array-dominated applications and heterogeneous execution environments, the proposed approach tries to optimise the distribution of the nodes for a given NoC area under the constraints present in the environment. This article is the first one, to our knowledge, that explores the possibility of employing evolutionary computational techniques for optimally placing the heterogeneous nodes in an NoC. We also compare our approach with an optimal integer linear programming (ILP) approach using a commercial ILP tool. The results collected so far are very encouraging and indicate that the proposed approach generates close results to the ILP-based approach with minimal execution latencies. 1. Introduction As commonly accepted, the current performance trajectory of doubling chip performance every 24–36 months can be achieved by the integration of multiple processors on a chip rather than through increases in the clock rate of single processors due to the power limitations present in processor design. Multicore architectures have already made their way into the industry (Kahle et al. Since future technologies offer the promise of being able to integrate billions of transistors on a chip, the prospects of having hundreds of processors on a single chip along with an underlying memory hierarchy and an interconnection system are entirely feasible. Point-to-point buses will no longer be feasible after a certain number of nodes as the communication requirements between nodes will exponentially increase with the number of processors. A viable interconnection system shown to be
WKB-Langer Asymptotic L Approximation of Eigenfunctions and Their Derivatives

In this paper we study the WKB-Langer asymptotic expansion of the eigenfunctions of a Schrödinger operator H = − 12 2 ∂2 ∂x2 + V (x). Then applying these asymptotic formulae we prove that the exact L eigenfunction ΨE(N, ) and its derivative ΨE(N, ) of the Schrödinger operator with a well-shaped analytic potential are approximated up to arbitrary order m by the semi-classical WKB-Langer approximate eigenfunction ΨEm(N, ),m and its derivative Ψ ′ Em(N, ),m respectively in L, i.e. ||ΨE(N, ) − ΨEm(N, ),m||L2 = O( ), || ΨE(N, ) − ΨEm(N, ),m||L2 = O( ) uniformly for any N . Here Em(N, ) approximates E(N, ) up to m-th order (in ) and satisfies m-th order quantization condition.
Effect of recent antigen priming on adoptive immune responses. IV. Antigen-induced selective recruitment of recirculating lymphocytes to the spleen demonstrable with a microculture system

When thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) from mice given sheep erythrocytes (SRC) 1 day previously (1-day-primed TDL) were placed in microcultures with antigen for 5-6 days, the cells failed to produce antibody to SRC, but responded well to horse erythrocytes (HRC); reciprocal results were obtained with TDL from HRC-injected mice. The specific unresponsiveness of the TDL was observed despite the presence of an allogeneic factor in the cultures; this factor exerted not only a macrophage-like effect (TDL from normal mice failed to respond in the absence of this factor) but also a T-cell-replacing function. It was concluded therefore that the unresponsiveness of the TDL was the result of selective recruitment of specific B lymphocyte precursors from the recirculating lymphocyte pool to the lymphoid tissues; whether there was also recruitment of specific T lymphocytes was not investigated. Since addition of 1-day- primed TDL to cultures of normal TDL did not inhibit the response of the latter, there was no evidence that active suppression accounted for the unresponsiveness. The spleen appeared to be the main site for recruitment since 1-day-primed spleen cells placed in microcultures contained above normal numbers of specifically-reactive precursors. This was in striking contrast to the effect of transferring 1-day- primed spleen cells in vivo where, as previously reported, the cells fail to respond to the injected antigen within 1 wk of transfer. An explanation for this paradox is discussed.