Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Atomoxetine Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Young Adults With Assessment of Functional Outcomes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with significant impairment in multiple functional domains. This trial evaluated efficacy in ADHD symptoms and functional outcomes in young adults treated with atomoxetine. Methods Young adults (18–30 years old) with ADHD were randomized to 12 weeks of double-blind treatment with atomoxetine (n = 220) or placebo (n = 225). The primary efficacy measure of ADHD symptom change was Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS): Investigator-Rated: Screening Version Total ADHD Symptoms score with adult prompts. Secondary outcomes scales included the Adult ADHD Quality of Life-29, Clinical Global Impression-ADHD-Severity, Patient Global Impression-Improvement, CAARS Self-Report, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version Self-Report, and assessments of depression, anxiety, sleepiness, driving behaviors, social adaptation, and substance use. Results Atomoxetine was superior to placebo on CAARS: Investigator-Rated: Screening Version (atomoxetine [least-squares mean ± SE, −13.6 ± 0.8] vs placebo [−9.3 ± 0.8], 95% confidence interval [−6.35 to −2.37], P < 0.001), Clinical Global Impression-ADHD-Severity (atomoxetine [−1.1 ± 0.1] vs placebo [−0.7 ± 0.1], 95% confidence interval [−0.63 to −0.24], P < 0.001), and CAARS Self-Report (atomoxetine [−11.9 ± 0.8] vs placebo [−7.8 ± 0.7], 95% confidence interval [−5.94 to −2.15], P < 0.001) but not on Patient Global Impression-Improvement. In addition, atomoxetine was superior to placebo on Adult ADHD Quality of Life-29 and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version Self-Report. Additional assessments failed to detect significant differences (P ≥ 0.05) between atomoxetine and placebo. The adverse event profile was similar to that observed in other atomoxetine studies. Nausea, decreased appetite, insomnia, dry mouth, irritability, dizziness, and dyspepsia were reported significantly more often with atomoxetine than with placebo. Conclusions Atomoxetine reduced ADHD symptoms and improved quality of life and executive functioning deficits in young adults compared with placebo. Atomoxetine was also generally well tolerated.
Social Determinants of Health Care Coverage and Access among Mexican and Mexican American Women in the Chicago Area

Abstract:This study analyzes the structural factors shaping health insurance coverage and access to health care services among 290 Mexican and Mexican American women in the Chicago area. Higher education, income, and number of years spent in the United States predicted increased health insurance coverage and being born in the United States and having smaller households a greater use of medical services in the previous two years. Thus, structural factors more strongly shape the availability of health insurance than the use of medical services. Possibly, the use of medical services is shaped by other factors, including actual need for medical services.
Seminal Plasma Initiates a Neisseria gonorrhoeae Transmission State

ABSTRACT Niche-restricted pathogens are evolutionarily linked with the specific biological fluids that are encountered during infection. Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes the genital infection gonorrhea and is exposed to seminal fluid during sexual transmission. Treatment of N. gonorrhoeae with seminal plasma or purified semen proteins lactoferrin, serum albumin, and prostate-specific antigen each facilitated type IV pilus-mediated twitching motility of the bacterium. Motility in the presence of seminal plasma was characterized by high velocity and low directional persistence. In addition, infection of epithelial cells with N. gonorrhoeae in the presence of seminal plasma resulted in enhanced microcolony formation. Close association of multiple pili in the form of bundles was also disrupted after seminal plasma treatment leading to an increase in the number of single pilus filaments on the bacterial surface. Thus, exposure of N. gonorrhoeae to seminal plasma is proposed to alter bacterial motility and aggregation characteristics to influence the processes of transmission and colonization. IMPORTANCE There are greater than 100 million estimated new cases of gonorrhea annually worldwide. Research characterizing the mechanisms of pathogenesis and transmission of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is important for developing new prevention strategies, since antibiotic resistance of the organism is becoming increasingly prevalent. Our work identifies seminal plasma as a mediator of N. gonorrhoeae twitching motility and microcolony formation through functional modification of the type IV pilus. These findings provide insight into motility dynamics and epithelial cell colonization under conditions that are relevant to sexual transmission. Type IV pili are common virulence factors with diverse functions among bacterial pathogens, and this work identifies interactions between type IV pili and the host environment. Finally, this work illustrates the importance of the host environment and niche-specific fluids on microbial pathogenesis. There are greater than 100 million estimated new cases of gonorrhea annually worldwide. Research characterizing the mechanisms of pathogenesis and transmission of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is important for developing new prevention strategies, since antibiotic resistance of the organism is becoming increasingly prevalent. Our work identifies seminal plasma as a mediator of N. gonorrhoeae twitching motility and microcolony formation through functional modification of the type IV pilus. These findings provide insight into motility dynamics and epithelial cell colonization under conditions that are relevant to sexual transmission. Type IV pili are common virulence factors with diverse functions among bacterial pathogens, and this work identifies interactions between type IV pili and the host environment. Finally, this work illustrates the importance of the host environment and niche-specific fluids on microbial pathogenesis.
Meta-Synthesis Study: Positive Effects on Positive Personality of Teachers in Teaching Profession

This study comprises a meta-synthesis study to perceive the positive impact of teachers’ personality in the teaching and learning process. A total of 16 samples from a total of 304 research samples between year 2012 and 2017 were selected. The data were analyzed using narrative coding. The findings showed that the positive personality of teachers was an important aspect that can affect teachers and students. The meta-synthesis analysis has made it clear that the impression of positive personality can help to improve the level of professionalism of teachers; increase the effectiveness of teaching; contribute to emotional balance of teachers; improve academic achievement of students; improve motivation of student; create a practice of healthy culture for a society. The results of this study clearly showed that the positive personality of the teachers affected the process of teaching and learning. The importance of producing teachers with positive personality is essential in improving the quality and effectiveness of education and the image of teaching.
The genealogy of a cluster in the multitype voter model

The genealogy of a cluster in the multitype voter model can be defined in terms of a family of dual coalescing random walks. We represent the genealogy of a cluster as a point process in a size-time plane and show that in high dimensions the genealogy of the cluster at the origin has a weak Poisson limit. The limiting point process is the same as for the genealogy of the size-biased Galton-Watson tree. Moreover, our results show that the branching mechanism and the spatial effects of the voter model can be separated on a macroscopic scale. Our proofs are based on a probabilistic construction of the genealogy of the cluster at the origin derived from Harris' graphical representation of the voter model.
Resistance to Diet-Induced Obesity in μ-Opioid Receptor–Deficient Mice: Evidence for a “Thrifty Gene”

Using pharmacological tools, a role for opioid receptors in the regulation of food intake has been documented. However, the involvement of specific receptor subtypes remains questionable, and little information is available regarding a role for opioid receptors in energy metabolism. Using adult male mice lacking the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) gene (MOR-/-), we show that the MOR is not essential for the maintenance of normal levels of ad libitum food intake but does modulate the efficiency of energy storage during high-fat diets through the regulation of energy partitioning. When fed a regular diet, MOR-/- mice displayed only subtle alterations in energy homeostasis, suggesting a relative overuse of fat as a fuel source in the fed state. When fed a high-fat diet, MOR-/- mice were resistant to obesity and impaired glucose tolerance, despite having similar energy intake to wild-type mice. This resistance to obesity was associated with a strong induction of the expression of key mitochondrial enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation within skeletal muscle. This metabolic role of the MOR, which is consistent with the properties of a "thrifty gene," suggests that the MOR pathway is a potential target for pharmacological intervention in the treatment of obesity associated with the intake of fatty diets.
Where your photo is taken: Geolocation prediction for social images

Social image‐sharing websites have attracted a large number of users. These systems allow users to associate geolocation information with their images, which is essential for many interesting applications. However, only a small fraction of social images have geolocation information. Thus, an automated tool for suggesting geolocation is essential to help users geotag their images. In this article, we use a large data set consisting of 221 million Flickr images uploaded by 2.2 million users. For the first time, we analyze user uploading patterns, user geotagging behaviors, and the relationship between the taken‐time gap and the geographical distance between two images from the same user. Based on the findings, we represent a user profile by historical tags for the user and build a multinomial model on the user profile for geotagging. We further propose a unified framework to suggest geolocations for images, which combines the information from both image tags and the user profile. Experimental results show that for images uploaded by users who have never done geotagging, our method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art method by 10.6 to 34.2%, depending on the granularity of the prediction. For images from users who have done geotagging, a simple method is able to achieve very high accuracy.
Antigen Presentation by Liver Cells Controls Intrahepatic T Cell Trapping, Whereas Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Preferentially Promote Intrahepatic T Cell Apoptosis1

Systemic activation and proliferation of CD8+ T cells result in T cell accumulation in the liver, associated with T cell apoptosis and liver injury. However, the role of Ag and APC in such accumulation is not clear. Bone marrow chimeras were constructed to allow Ag presentation in all tissues or alternatively to restrict presentation to either bone marrow-derived or non-bone marrow-derived cells. OVA-specific CD8+ T cells were introduced by adoptive transfer and then activated using peptide, which resulted in clonal expansion followed by deletion. Ag presentation by liver non-bone marrow-derived cells was responsible for most of the accumulation of activated CD8+ T cells. In contrast, Ag presentation by bone marrow-derived cells resulted in less accumulation of T cells in the liver, but a higher frequency of apoptotic cells within the intrahepatic T cell population. In unmodified TCR-transgenic mice, Ag-induced T cell deletion and intrahepatic accumulation of CD8+ T cells result in hepatocyte damage, with the release of aminotransaminases. Our experiments show that such liver injury may occur in the absence of Ag presentation by the hepatocytes themselves, arguing for an indirect mechanism of liver damage.
Understanding the motivations of fluent speakers in beginner-level foreign language classrooms: A Hong Kong study

ABSTRACT Fluent speakers of a target language choosing to enrol in beginner-level courses at tertiary institutes could be considered unfair. In this paper, however, based on data obtained from in-depth qualitative interviews with 12 students at a Hong Kong university, we show that fluent speakers of Japanese – a widely-spoken foreign language in Hong Kong – were motivated to engage in learning activities during beginner Japanese lessons, as those lessons constituted ‘safe houses’ in which the participants shaped subversive identities against the perceived institutional dominance (GPA-oriented system) of the university and negotiated security. Our key findings related to the participants’ L2 motivations are three-fold. First, perceived ease pertained to the participants’ motivations to enrol in the course. Second, the participants were motivated to ‘outsmart’ the university’s dominant GPA-oriented system and ‘cash in’ their accumulated effort to achieve fluency in Japanese, ‘converting’ it into good grades. Third, the participants showed motivation because they believed beginning Japanese lessons to be sites in which they could feel secure, due to being able to speak Japanese and extend their Japanese-related social networks. This paper concludes with implications for L2 motivation research and suggestions for language teachers who are faced with such fluent speakers in beginner-level language classrooms.
Medical Diagnosis for Liver Cancer using Classification Techniques

: The important and successful applications of data mining are in fields like business intelligence, finance, digital libraries, in other industries and sectors. One of the applications of data mining is medical diagnosis which is mostly used in research area. Medical diagnosis is the field where many researchers are concentrating. To reduce the diagnosis time and improve the diagnosis accuracy, it has become an important issue. In medical, Liver Cancer is one of the most prevalent and deadly cancers in human beings. Liver cancer is difficult to be diagnosed at an early stage due to the risk factors. Therefore, new metrologies for early Liver Cancer are needed to determine the condition of the Liver Cancer. This paper encapsulates various review and research articles on liver cancer. The main goal of this review paper is to study the related works on cancer especially liver cancer. In this paper we present an overview of the current research being carried out using the data mining techniques. Various Data classification techniques or algorithms are used to solve this issue. Some classification techniques or algorithms are Decision tree, C4.5, Association rule, Bayesian networks, Support vector Machine, K-NN,
Asynchronous parallel genetic algorithm for congestion-driven placement technique

Deep-sub-micron technology (DSM) of 0.18 micron and below enable the integration of logical circuits having more than 10 million gates. In such a DSM technology, layout design has become the most important design phase. This paper discusses a novel congestion-driven placement technique based on asynchronous parallel genetic algorithm. The proposed algorithm has a two-level hierarchical structure. For selection control, new objective functions are introduced for wire congestion and chip area. Moreover, the two kind of parallel processing suitable for hierarchical processing is introduced for reduction of run time. Experimental results show improvement comparison with conventional layout technique.
Some Issues on Biological DBs: Data Integration and Mining

The usage of database technology has become essential in almost any research task in biology. There are plenty of examples of this usage, among one of the most important is the complete decoding of the human genome achieved in recent years, a task that could not have been completed in such a short time without the help of computers, and in particular, database technology. Its usage is nowadays so diffuse in many areas of biology, that databanks containing biological data are now commonly termed “biological databases”. Among many of the issues that biological databanks face today, this article concentrates particularly on two: the multiplicity of sources and mining useful data from them. A brief description of each of the problems and possible solutions are provided.
Bayesian co-estimation of selfing rate and locus-specific mutation rates for a partially selfing population

We present a Bayesian method for characterizing the mating system of populations reproducing through a mixture of self-fertilization and random outcrossing. Our method uses patterns of genetic variation across the genome as a basis for inference about pure hermaphroditism, androdioecy, and gynodioecy. We extend the standard coalescence model to accommodate these mating systems, accounting explicitly for multilocus identity disequilibrium, inbreeding depression, and variation in fertility among mating types. We incorporate the Ewens Sampling Formula (ESF) under the infinite-alleles model of mutation to obtain a novel expression for the likelihood of mating system parameters. Our Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm assigns locus-specific mutation rates, drawn from a common mutation rate distribution that is itself estimated from the data using a Dirichlet Process Prior model. Among the parameters jointly inferred are the population-wide rate of self-fertilization, locus-specific mutation rates, and the number of generations since the most recent outcrossing event for each sampled individual.
An alternative alpha finite element method ( A α FEM ) free and forced vibration analysis of solids using triangular meshes

This paper presents a novel approach to modified a strain field of linear triangular FEM model with an adjustable parameter α. Using meshes with the same aspect ratio, a preferable approach has been proposed to obtain a nearly exact solution in strain energy for linear problems. In this paper, it is extended to the free and forced analysis of two-dimensional dynamic for solid mechanics problems without increasing the computational cost. The numerical results show in AαFEM are more accurate results and higher convergence rates as compared to that of standard FEM when the same sets of nodes are used.
XEarth: A 3D GIS platform for managing massive city information

A 3D Shenzhen city web platform based on WE-BVRGIS is presented. A 3D globe browser is employed to load all kinds of demanded data of the city, such as 3D building model data, residents information, real-time and historical traffic data. Using these data, the 3D analysis and visualization of the concerned city massive information are conducted in the platform. All the presented functions of the platform are extracted from the practical customer demand. The system design has considered some existing Geographic human-computer interaction (GeoHCI) research results.
Species-area curves, spatial aggregation, and habitat specialization in tropical forests.

The relationship between species diversity and sampled area is fundamental to ecology. Traditionally, theories of the species-area relationship have been dominated by random-placement models. Such models were used to formulate the canonical theory of species-area curves and species abundances. In this paper, however, armed with a detailed data set from a moist tropical forest, we investigate the validity of random placement and suggest improved models based upon spatial aggregation. By accounting for intraspecific, small-scale aggregation, we develop a cluster model which reproduces empirical species-area curves with high fidelity. We find that inter-specific aggregation patterns, on the other hand, do not affect the species-area curves significantly. We demonstrate that the tendency for a tree species to aggregate, as well as its average clump size, is not significantly correlated with the species' abundance. In addition, we investigate hierarchical clumping and the extent to which aggregation is driven by topography. We conclude that small-scale phenomena such as dispersal and gap recruitment determine individual tree placement more than adaptation to larger-scale topography.
The Influences of Sex, Gender Identity, and Power on Faculty-Graduate Student Relational Mentoring and its Association with Student Psychological Health

Evidence suggests that university student psychological health problems may be increasing, and graduate students may be at increased risk for problems such as depression relative to the general population. The limited extant research has identified a correlation between relational mentoring characterized by mutual authenticity, engagement, and empowerment, and female undergraduate student psychological health. The current research fills gaps in the mentoring and feminist psychological literatures by examining this correlation in faculty-graduate student mentoring and testing key assumptions of relational-cultural theory, from which the concept of relational mentoring is derived. Relational-cultural theory assumes: 1) relational mentoring is more important to the psychological health of women than men, and 2) women are more likely than men to adopt a relationship style that would foster relational mentoring. This research was also informed by feminist critiques of these assumptions. Consequently, using a survey of 421 graduate students from various disciplines across Canada, Study 1 examined the association between faculty-graduate student relational mentoring and psychological health outcomes. Study 1 further tested the moderating effects of student sex, gender identity (i.e., masculine, feminine traits), and the power dynamics of the individual faculty-student relationships. A significant correlation was observed between relational mentoring and positive psychological health (i.e., decreased depressive symptoms, increased self-esteem and life satisfaction). This association was not moderated by student sex, gender identity, or relationship power dynamics. Using an online, experimental design and a sample of 186 undergraduate students, Study 2 examined the effects of sex, gender identity, and a randomly assigned power condition (i.e., high-power faculty mentor versus low-power student) on relationship styles in mentoring. Sex and gender identity influenced mentoring relationship styles (i.e., female participants and those with more feminine traits were associated with greater authenticity, engagement, and empowerment), and a notable interaction emerged. Specifically, sex differences in relationship style were observed in the high-power faculty mentor condition (i.e., female mentors were more authentic, engaged, empowering) but not the low-power student condition. Collectively, the results provide mixed support for relational-cultural theory. The results may be used to guide faculty-graduate student mentoring practices (e.g., student selection of mentors) to enhance graduate student psychological health.