Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of two different doses of dexmedetomidine in attenuating cardiovascular responses during laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation: A double blind, randomized, clinical trial study

Introduction. Secure airway for proper ventilation during anesthesia is one important component of a successful surgery. Endotracheal intubation is one of the most important methods in this context. Intubation method and used medication are considerably important in attenuating complications. This research aimed to investigate the impact of two different doses of dexmedetomidine in mitigating cardiovascular responses to endotracheal intubation in candidate cases supporting voluntary operation. Methods. The current research contained 90 cases in the range of 18 and 50 old, with ASA I,II supporting voluntary operation, who were randomly classified into three teams, each group consisting of 30 cases. The first set (A) got 0.5 μg/ kg dexmedetomidine, the second set (B) got 1 μg/ kg dexmedetomidine and the third set (C) got an equal volume of saline as placebo, 600 seconds earlier the initiation of anesthesia. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded at baseline (T0), then after the injection and the earlier initiation of anesthesia (T1), after the induction of anesthesia and before the endotracheal intubation (T2), promptly after tracheal intubation, 180, and 300 after endotracheal intubation (T4, T5). Data was analyzed and p < 0.05 was supposed notable. Findings. In this research, 3 teams were similar regarding weight, age, height, sex and duration of laryngoscopy. The diastolic mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and systolic arterial pressure were significantly lower in dexmedetomidine teams (A,B) at all times after the endotracheal intubation compared to group C. There were no significant differences in hemodynamic factors among group A, B. Conclusion. Dexmedetomidine effectively and significantly attenuates cardiovascular and hemodynamic responses during endotracheal intubation. In addition, different doses of dexmedetomidine did not cause any significant distinct result in mitigating cardiovascular responses.
Financial Intermediation and Capital Misallocation

To understand the link between financial intermediation activities and the real economy, we put forward a general equilibrium model where agency frictions in the financial sector affect the efficiency of capital reallocation across firms and generate aggregate economic fluctuations. We develop a recursive policy iteration approach to fully characterize the nonlinear equilibrium dynamics and the off-steady state crisis behavior. In our model, adverse shocks to agency frictions exacerbate capital misallocation and manifest themselves as variations in total factor productivity at the aggregate level. Our model endogenous generate counter-cyclical volatility in aggregate time series and counter-cyclical dispersion of marginal product of capital and asset returns in the crosssection.
XP culture: why the twelve practices both are and are not the most significant thing

XP emphasises underlying values as well as the more visible twelve practices. We explore the relationship between practices and values from two perspectives: empirical and theoretical. We present empirical evidence that the twelve practices create a community in which the XP values are supported and sustained. We also present models of culture from other domains which suggest that an alternative set of practices can produce a community with the same underlying values. We conclude that the twelve practices are both significant and not significant.
Health Condition, Impairment, Activity Limitations: Relationships With Emotions and Control Cognitions in People With Disabling Conditions

Objectives: To gain a better understanding of the influence of the health condition on emotions and control cognitions by using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. The relations between health condition, impairment, activity limitations, and emotions or control cognitions were investigated in people with 1 of 2 different disabling conditions, chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy (CIAP) or stroke. Method: Two existing databases were used: cross-sectional data from 56 participants with CIAP; longitudinal data of 100 participants with stroke. Participants were assessed on measures of the health condition, impairment, activity limitations, emotions, and control cognitions. Results: In participants with CIAP, impairment explained variance in concurrent control cognitions (9%–25%), activity limitation in concurrent depression (8%), and control cognitions (26%–36%). In stepwise regression activity, limitation was more powerful in explaining variance in emotions and control cognitions than impairment. In people with stroke, only activity limitations explained variance in emotions (4%–9%) and control cognitions (4%–7%). Conclusions: These results suggest that targeting activity limitations in rehabilitation efforts is likely to relate to control cognitions, which in themselves have been shown to benefit recovery of physical consequences in chronic illness.
Comprehensive School Reform: A Longitudinal Study of School Improvement in One State

We report on comprehensive school reform (CSR) reform in 48 schools over 6 consecutive years. In 1998, a total of 24 schools received CSR awards to improve student achievement. Control schools were carefully matched on 26 demographic variables to form a comparison group. Students’ average performance, as represented in publicly available school report card data, increased across the combined sample of CSR and non-CSR schools in nontrivial ways. CSR and non-CSR schools, however, were not differentiated on the basis of a discriminant analysis function both in terms of achievement (Stanford 9) and demographic variables. To examine effects over time, a mixed-design multiple analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) test was performed for third- through ninth-grade scores for each performance level on the Stanford 9 achievement test (reading, language, and math). In all three performance areas, the mean NCE scores for CSR and non-CSR schools had significant within-subject effects for all 6 years. However, there were no between-subjects effects in any performance areas for CSR or non-CSR schools. The combined gains for CSR and non-CSR schools across time were notable; average math performance increased 1.0 standard deviation. Mean scores in reading and language also increased (.62 and .11, respectively), with language performance the least malleable area.
Relationship Between Blood Lead Level and Elevated Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients: Implication of Nitric Oxide

The correlation between the blood lead (B-Pb ) levels and the values of blood pressure in hypertensive patients was investigated. Moreover, plasma levels of nitric oxide (NO), total antioxidants (TAOX) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected to investigate the correlations between the measured parameters and B-Pb levels in hypertensive patients. Fifty-five hypertensive patients were compared with fifty-three age and sex matched control group. The B-Pb levels were detected by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The plasma levels of NO, TAOX and MDA were measured by colorimetric methods. In the hypertensive patients, B-Pb levels were significantly higher than controls. Concomitantly, the plasma levels of MDA were significantly increased while the plasma levels of NO and TAOX were significantly reduced in the hypertensive patients in comparison with controls. There were significant positive correlations between B-Pb and each of MDA, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Conversely, a significant negative correlation was found between B- Pb and NO. Our study indicated that B-Pb level was associated with elevated blood pressure as well as oxidative stress in hypertensive patients. Moreover, the negative correlation between the B-Pb level and NO level may clarify their implication in cardiovascular disease and hypertension.
Associations of Maternal Weight Gain in Pregnancy With Offspring Cognition in Childhood and Adolescence: Findings From the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children

An association of gestational weight gain (GWG) with offspring cognition has been postulated. We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a United Kingdom prospective cohort (1990 through the present) with a median of 10 maternal weight measurements in pregnancy. These were used to allocate participants to 2009 Institute of Medicine weight-gain categories and in random effect linear spline models. Outcomes were School Entry Assessment score (age, 4 years; n = 5,832), standardized intelligence quotient assessed by Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (age, 8 years; n = 5,191), and school final-examination results (age, 16 years; n = 7,339). Offspring of women who gained less weight than recommended had a 0.075 standard deviation lower mean School Entry Assessment score (95% confidence interval: −0.127, −0.023) and were less likely to achieve adequate final-examination results (odds ratio = 0.88, 95% confidence interval: 0.78, 0.99) compared with offspring of women who gained as recommended. GWG in early pregnancy (defined as 0–18 weeks on the basis of a knot point at 18 weeks) and midpregnancy (defined as 18–28 weeks on the basis of knot points at 18 and 28 weeks) was positively associated with School Entry Assessment score and intelligence quotient. GWG in late pregnancy (defined as 28 weeks onward on the basis of a knot point at 28 weeks) was positively associated with offspring intelligence quotient and with increased odds of offspring achieving adequate final-examination results in mothers who were overweight prepregnancy. Findings support small positive associations between GWG and offspring cognitive development, which may have lasting effects on educational attainment up to age 16 years.
Adolescent Musicians' Perceptions of Conductors Within Musical Context

Attention to subtle changes in music, whether inadvertent or purposeful, occupies a great deal of practice and rehearsal time for the performer. Regardless of the extremely subtle acoustic changes that have been found to be perceptible within almost all studies, it is the total overall effect that most occupies the individual listener. This study investigated perception of digitally edited performances of Johann Strauss's Blue Danube Waltz, all performed by the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra with various conductors across an 18-year period. Two groups of string musicians in grades 7 through 12 participated (N = 104). One group was an intact class; the second was a group of summer camp students. All participants listened to two conditions: (a) audio only and (b) audio-video combination. Results indicated that there were no significant differences between groups and that no one was able to identify correctly that there were five different conductors in the audio-only condition. Results were much the same as earlier research with college students. In addition, many students indicated that there were differences in the audio portions of the two conditions when in fact there were not.
Nonprofit Collaboration With Luxury Brands

Luxury brands and nonprofit organizations (NPOs) increasingly engage in cause-related marketing (CRM) relationships. However, most previous studies analyzed CRM effects from a corporate, rather than a nonprofit, perspective. This study reverses the viewpoint to determine if luxury brand partners are beneficial for NPOs. Using a fictitious CRM cooperation between Plan International Germany and the Hotel Adlon Kempinski Berlin, two experimental studies obtained responses from 791 customers and 259 nonprofit employees/volunteers. The results show that partnering with a luxury brand can be beneficial because it enables the NPO to raise additional donations, enhances attitudes toward the nonprofit brand, and increases the chances of acquiring wealthy customers as future donors. Yet negative effects also arise, such as identification conflicts, especially among nonprofit employees and volunteers. Overall, this study reveals that nonprofit managers can pursue cooperation strategies with luxury brands—as long as they consider some important precautions.
ECTOPIC HORMONE PRODUCTION BY NON‐ENDOCRINE TUMOURS

The recognition that certain clinical syndromes are due to secretion of hormones by ‘non endocrine’ tumours, has been among the major developments in endocrinology in the last decade and has forged a new link with oncology. The phenomenon has general clinical and biochemical implications. Clinicians now recognize that the accompanying metabolic derangements may be more malign than the neoplams itself, may significantly affect prognosis, and they use the measurement of plasma hormone levels and related substances for diagnosis and management. From the biochemical point of view, the study of ectopic hormone secretion provides new insight into the state of tissue differentiation. It serves as an excellent model for the broader field of inappropriate tumour products, since the structure of most hormones is known and because recent technical advances have improved methods for their purification and assay.
Promoting inclusion? ‘Inclusive’ and effective head teachers’ descriptions of their work

The purpose of the reported interview study from Sweden is to contribute to our understanding of how head teachers can promote inclusive practices. Five head teachers were selected from a larger sample of head teachers working in compulsory schools (6–16) according to specific criteria in order to obtain head teachers who work effectively and express inclusive values relative to a relational perspective. The interviews were semi-structured, and a thematic analysis was performed. Head teachers’ strategies were in focus. The theoretical point of departure is critical pragmatism. Overall the five head teachers reported similar strategies. The head teachers describe the importance of educational leadership through observation and participation in activities in the classrooms. They advocate flexibility in the solutions provided for students in need of special support preferring solutions carried out in the regular classroom by the class/subject teacher. Head teachers see special educational needs coordinators (SENCOs) as important partners in their work towards more inclusive practices. Head teachers express the importance of consensus among their staff. They seem to welcome government’s increasing demands and steering concerning how head teachers should manage their schools. Finally, it is discussed whether the head teachers can be said to work ‘inclusively’ and, more generally, the methodological challenges researchers must confront in studies concerning ‘inclusive’ education.
West Papuan 'Independence' and the Papua New Guinea Press

This article explores the West Papua issue through the Papua New Guinea news media. It seeks to identify the reasons behind the decline in coverage of West Papua in the PNG press. It provides an historical background to the West Papua conflict and PNG's relationship with Indonesian-ruled West Papua and it presents the results of a comparative content analysis of three PNG newspapers - Post-Courier, The National, and Times of Papua New Guinea - on their coverage of West Papua, in-depth interviews with journalists and West Papuan refugees in Papua New Guinea.
Relations of Perceived Autonomy and Burnout Syndrome in University Teachers

Teaching represents nowadays a complex of stressful situations. Being unable to efficiently cope with these transformations, some teachers are becoming frustrated, dissatisfied, demotivated, physically and psychologically depleted which results in the onset of burnout syndrome. The potential of teacher personal attributes in preventing burnout syndrome development have been analyzed. The attention has been drawn to the relation between perceived university teacher autonomy and burnout syndrome. Based on the classical methods of teacher burnout and personal autonomy measurement, two questionnaires were developed and distributed among 91 teachers working in Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Russia with the purpose to elicit participants' responses and views on teacher burnout and teacher autonomy. The results of our investigation allow us to suggest that the development of burnout syndrome in Russian university teachers correlates with low level of perceived teacher autonomy. And vice-versa, personality attributes which ensure teacher's perception of high and middle levels of autonomy correlate with law teacher burnout rate. Our research results suggest that teacher autonomy should be considered as a specific teacher personality trait that must be taken into account to prevent university teacher burnout.
Who suffers more from job insecurity? A Meta-Analytic review

The present meta-analysis examined the tenure, age, and gender differences in the relationship between job insecurity and its job-related and health-related consequences. A total of 133 studies, providing 172 independent samples, were included in the analysis. Our results basically replicated Sverke et al.'s (2002) meta-analytic findings with an updated methodological approach and a larger database. The main differences between our findings and Sverke et al.'s are that the negative association between job insecurity and job performance was significant and that the relationship between insecurity and job involvement was smaller in our study. The moderator analysis also indicated that: (1) the positive association between job insecurity and turnover intention was stronger among employees with shorter tenure than those with longer tenure, and was stronger among younger than older employees; (2) the negative effect of insecurity on its health outcomes was more severe among employees with longer tenure than those with shorter tenure, and was more severe among older than younger employees; (3) the relationship between insecurity and the criterion variables was similar across gender. Results are discussed with reference to Hulin's (1991) theory of job adaptation and Greenhalgh and Rosenblatt's (1984) job dependence perspective.
The Histological Features of Intestinal Spirochetosis in a Series of 113 Patients

A multicenter retrospective review of cases diagnosed as spirochetosis was performed to determine the presenting symptoms and histological changes. A total of 113 cases were retrieved from the archives, consisting of 97 colorectal specimens and 16 appendices. In only 25 cases was the presenting symptom recorded as diarrhea. Of the colorectal specimens, 87 (90%) showed no mucosal abnormality (apart from the spirochetes); the other 10 showed mucosal inflammation but 6 of them had a diagnosis of another inflammatory disease process accounting for the inflammatory changes. Five appendices showed acute appendicitis; the other 11 were unremarkable. It is concluded that spirochetosis in an unselected general population is unlikely to be of pathological significance. Furthermore, if spirochetosis is observed in an inflamed biopsy, it is most likely to be an incidental finding.
Gender and the Division of Household Labor in Older Couples

Using microdata from the 2004 Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), this study takes a cross-national perspective to investigate the division of household labor among older couples (aged 50 years or more). Across nine continental European countries, the authors find considerable variation in the overall distribution of housework between partners, with more egalitarian countries in northern Europe and more traditional countries in southern Europe. A multilevel analysis shows that about half of the between-country variance in the division of housework is due to differences in older couples’ characteristics, but that there are no country-specific effects of the main microlevel explanatory variables. Finally, the authors find a significant effect of macrolevel gender inequalities on couples’ division of housework, suggesting that older couples living in more gender-egalitarian countries are more likely to exhibit an equal sharing of household labor.
Histogram Approaches for Lossy Compression of Digital Holograms of Three-Dimensional Objects

We present a novel nonuniform quantization compression technique-histogram quantization-for digital holograms of 3-D real-world objects. We exploit a priori knowledge of the distribution of the values in our data. We compare this technique to another histogram based approach: a modified version of Max's algorithm that has been adapted in a straightforward manner to complex-valued 2-D signals. We conclude the compression procedure by applying lossless techniques to our quantized data. We demonstrate improvements over previous results obtained by applying uniform and nonuniform quantization techniques to the hologram data
Postoperative Hypothermia in Adults: Relationship of Age, Anesthesia, and Shivering to Rewarming

Frequency, magnitude, and duration of hypothermia (core body temperature <36.0 C) in the recovery room (RR) were determined in 198 adults. In addition, the influence of age, anesthetic technique, and shivering on the rewarming process was assessed. Tympanic membrane temperatures were recorded on admission to the RR and every 15 minutes thereafter until discharge from the RR. Sixty percent of the subjects had temperatures <36.0 C on admission to the RR. Elderly subjects (⩾60 yr) had lower RR admission and discharge temperatures and experienced longer duration of hypothermia than did younger patients. General anesthesia was associated with a significantly more rapid rate of increase in postoperative temperature and a shorter duration of hypothermia than was regional anesthesia. The incidence of shivering and the incidence of hypothermia were significantly related 30 and 45 minutes after admission to the RR. Duration of hypothermia varied with different operative procedures.
Flow-Erleben unter kontrollierter Beanspruchungssteuerung

Zusammenfassung. Sportliche Aktivitaten wurden von Anbeginn in die Flow-Forschung einbezogen, wobei recht bald deutlich wurde, dass eine verlaufsnahe Diagnostik, also einer Diagnostik wahrend der sportlichen Tatigkeit, dem Flow-Konstrukt am Besten entspricht. Allerdings liefern Feldstudien, welche die Auslosebedingungen fur das Auftreten von Flow und die Flow-Leistungsbeziehung bei sportlichen Aktivitaten zu klaren versuchen, eher inkonsistente Befunde. Ziel der vorliegenden Laufbandstudie war es daher: 1) zu prufen, ob die von Csikszentmihalyi (1975) postulierte Anforderungs-Fahigkeits-Passung fur Laufer auch unter Laborbedingungen Voraussetzung fur das Auftreten von Flow ist und 2) die Dynamik des Flow-Erlebens im Zeitverlauf und in Abhangigkeit physiologischer Leistungsparameter beim Laufen zu dokumentieren. Mit Hilfe einer beanspruchungsorientierten Geschwindigkeitssteuerung des Laufbands gelang es, die Probanden (N = 30) auf einem individuell bestimmten, uberdurchschnittlichem Anspruchsniveau kontrol.