Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Cognitive Impairment After Stroke and Risk Factors for Delayed Progression

Background and Purpose— Cognitive decline occurs in ≈30% of stroke patients. Acute risk factors have been identified, but long-term risk has not been examined in large samples. The purpose of this research was to determine factors associated with the progression of cognitive impairment after stroke. Methods— Consecutive stroke patients (193) without previous dementia were assessed 3 months after stroke with an extensive neuropsychological battery and diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition criteria and the Clinical Dementia Rating as normal (139), cognitive decline without dementia (18), or dementia (18 mild, 10 moderate, and 8 severe). After a 24-month follow-up, they were classified as stable, progressing, or improving, according to change in Clinical Dementia Rating score. The determinants of progression of cognitive decline were ascertained by logistic regression analysis of all clinical, neuroimaging, and complementary data. Results— Cognitive status at 24 months was stable in most cases (151; 78.2%), decline progressed in 27 (14%; 6 demented and 21 nondemented), and improved in 15 (7.8%; 7 demented and 8 nondemented). Seven nondemented patients became demented at 24 months, and 5 demented became nondemented. The age (odds ratio [OR], 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.1), mental decline before stroke (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.27), number of prescribed drugs (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.72), diastolic blood pressure on admission (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93 to 0.99), and episodes of hypotension during admission (OR, 7.61; 95% CI, 1.11 to 52.1) were significantly associated with cognitive deterioration. Conclusions— Cognition is rather stable for 2 years after stroke. Both progression and improvement of cognitive impairment are frequent in demented patients. Age, previous cognitive decline, polypharmacy, and hypotension during admission are risk factors for progression.
Change in the pattern of IgE reactivity to timothy grass and birch pollen allergens over a 20-year period.

BACKGROUND Several studies have shown that the prevalence of allergy and allergen sensitization has increased in recent years. However, the changes in the pattern of IgE reactivity to individual allergens are mostly unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of this preliminary study was to assess the change in IgE reactivity profile to individual timothy grass and/or birch pollen allergens in sera from sensitized individuals randomly collected 20 years apart. METHODS Serum samples from 51 sensitized individuals were obtained from 2 cross-sectional surveys performed in 1973 and 1994 using random samples from Vammala, Finland. The sera were analyzed for IgE reactivity to timothy grass and/or birch pollen extracts, recombinant (r)Phl p 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12, native (n)Phl p 4, and rBet v 1, 2 and 4 by immunoassay (ImmunoCAP). RESULTS The median (range) concentrations of IgE antibodies to timothy grass and birch pollen were higher in 1994 than in 1973 (6.47 [0.35 to >100] kU A/L vs 1.53 [0.40-25.3] kU A/L; P=.0035). The prevalence of IgE reactivity to some allergens was higher in 1994 than in 1973, particularly rPhl p 5 (52% vs 19%), rPhl p 6 (43% vs 12%), and rBet v 1 (100% vs 29%). There was a correlation between timothy grass pollen-specific serum IgE levels and the numbers of IgE reactivities to individual allergens (p=0.76, P<.001). CONCLUSIONS The increase in specific IgE levels together with a possible increase in the prevalence of IgE reactivity to the major allergens Phl p 5 and Bet v 1 between 1973 and 1994 may have contributed to the increase in atopic conditions in Finland.
Auxin Response Factor Genes Repertoire in Mulberry: Identification, and Structural, Functional and Evolutionary Analyses

Auxin Response Factors (ARFs) are at the core of the regulation mechanism for auxin-mediated responses, along with AUX/IAA proteins.They are critical in the auxin-mediated control of various biological responses including development and stress. A wild mulberry species genome has been sequenced and offers an opportunity to investigate this important gene family. A total of 17 ARFs have been identified from mulberry (Morus notabilis) which show a wide range of expression patterns. Of these 17 ARFs, 15 have strong acidic isoelectric point (pI) values and a molecular mass ranging from 52 kDa to 101 kDa. The putative promoters of these ARFs harbour cis motifs related to light-dependent responses, various stress responses and hormone regulations suggestive of their multifactorial regulation. The gene ontology terms for ARFs indicate their role in flower development, stress, root morphology and other such development and stress mitigation related activities. Conserved motif analysis showed the presence of all typical domains in all but four members that lack the PB1 domain and thus represent truncated ARFs. Expression analysis of these ARFs suggests their preferential expression in tissues ranging from leaf, root, winter bud, bark and male flowers. These ARFs showed differential expression in the leaf tissue of M. notabilis, Morus laevigata and Morus serrata. Insights gained from this analysis have implications in mulberry improvement programs.
Multiple meningiomas: differential involvement of the NF2 gene in children and adults

Objective: To screen for NF2 mutations in people with meningiomas. Methods: Lymphocyte or tumour DNA was analysed from 46 individuals from 36 families who presented with a meningioma at age ⩽15 years without vestibular schwannoma (VS), or who had multiple meningiomas in adulthood before the diagnosis of VS. Results: Eight of 13 people with meningioma and other features of neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) had an identified constitutional NF2 mutation in blood DNA, but none of the other subjects had identified constitutional NF2 mutations. Conclusions: Constitutional NF2 mutations are the most likely cause of meningioma in children and in people with a meningioma plus other non-VS features of NF2. Mosaic NF2 may be the cause of about 8% of multiple meningiomas in sporadic adult cases, but there are other causes in the majority of other such patients and in multiple meningioma in families.
A note on instability of the dominance hierarchy and variations in level of aggression within groups of fattening pigs

Social organization in the pig is based on the dominance hierarchy. Hitherto this has been assumed to be stable but present studies have shown that spontaneous changes of rank can occur. It has proved almost impossible, however, to alter social ranks artificially. Pig groups also show considerable fluctuations from day to day in the level of aggression at feeding periods. This variation cannot be correlated with the occurrence of sexual cycles in the females or variations in the general level of group activity.
Functional brain electrical activity mapping in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

BACKGROUND Symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been associated with frontal lobe deficits. We used a novel brain electrical imaging method to investigate rapid and continuous changes in brain activity during the continuous performance task (CPT) in normal boys and in boys with ADHD. The amplitude and latency topography of the steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) were examined while subjects performed the "X" version of the CPT (CPT-X; the reference task) and the "A-X" version of the CPT (CPT-AX). METHODS Seventeen boys meeting DSM-III-R criteria for ADHD and 17 age-matched controls participated in the study. Brain electrical activity was recorded from 64 scalp sites. During the reference task, subjects pressed a microswitch on the unpredictable appearance of the letter X. During the CPT-AX, subjects were required to press the microswitch on the appearance of the letter X only if an A had preceded it. RESULTS In the interval between the appearances of the A and the X of the correct trials of the CPT-AX, control boys showed transient reductions in SSVEP latency at right prefrontal sites. By contrast, boys with ADHD showed no change or an increase in prefrontal SSVEP latency at right prefrontal sites. CONCLUSION Our results suggest increased speed of prefrontal neural processing in children without ADHD following a priming stimulus, and a deficit in such processes in children with ADHD.
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration of hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes detected on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography

Objective Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration is of diagnostic value in hilar/mediastinal (N1/N2) lymph node staging. We assessed the utility of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in lung cancer patients with N1/N2 lymph nodes detected on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Methods Fifty lung cancer patients with N1/N2 disease on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography underwent endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration for pathological lymph nodes between November 2012 and April 2015. The diagnostic performance of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration, lymph node site and size, number of needle passes and complications were evaluated retrospectively from patients' medical records. Malignancy was defined as a maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) >2.5. Results The median longest diameter of the 61 lymph nodes (29 subcarinal, 21 right lower paratracheal, 6 left lower paratracheal, 4 right hilar and 1 upper paratracheal) was 23.4 mm (range: 10.4–45.7); the median number of needle passes was 2 (range: 1–5). There were no severe complications. A definitive diagnosis was made by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in 39 patients (31 adenocarcinomas, 3 small-cell carcinomas, 2 squamous-cell carcinomas, 3 large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas). In the remaining 11 patients, the diagnosis was indefinite: insufficient endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration material was collected in two patients and non-specific lymphadenopathy was confirmed by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration or thoracotomy in the other nine patients. The mean lymph node SUVmax was 7.09 (range: 2.90–26.9) and was significantly higher in true-positive than in false-positive nodes (P < 0.05, t-test). Non-specific lymphadenopathy was diagnosed by expert visual interpretation of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography images in five of the nine patients. Conclusion Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration accurately diagnoses N1/N2 disease detected on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography.
Surgical Outcomes for Resection of the Dorsal Exostosis of the Metatarsocuneiform Joints.

A retrospective case series testing the efficacy of surgical resection of the dorsal exostosis deformity of the metatarsocuneiform joints was performed. Surgery was performed in 26 consecutive patients (28 feet), in whom previous conservative therapy had failed. All 26 patients had bursitis at the level of the dorsal exostosis deformity. The patients were separated into 2 groups: group 1, those with bursitis and neuritis before surgery (n = 13; 46.4%), and group 2, those with bursitis without neuritis (n = 15; 53.5%). Both groups were evaluated using an 11-point visual analog scale administered preoperatively and ≤1 year postoperatively. The mean pain rating in the patients with neuritis and bursitis before surgery (7.31 ± 2.8) and in those with bursitis without neuritis (6.67 ± 3.4) had both decreased to 0 at 6 months and 1 year after surgery. After surgery, 7 patients (25.2%) experienced neuritis. Of these 7 patients, 4 (57.1%) had continuation of neuritis that was present before surgery and 3 (42.9%) had an onset of neuropraxia that was secondary to the surgery itself. This might have resulted from retraction of the nerves during spur removal. Eventually, all the cases of neuritis resolved. One patient (3.6%) experienced regrowth of their dorsal exostosis deformity, 1 (3.6%) developed an abscess at the surgical site, and 1 (3.6%) developed pain elsewhere at the Lisfranc joint. All patients were subsequently treated at our institution and were pain free and had returned to full activity within 1 year. These results suggest that resection of the dorsal exostosis deformity of the metatarsocuneiform joints is an effective surgical procedure for patients with this deformity.
Intra- and Intersession Repeatability of a Double-Pass Instrument

Purpose. To evaluate the intra- and intersession repeatability of the optical quality parameters provided by the Optical Quality Analysis System (OQAS), which is based on the double-pass technique. Methods. We performed optical quality measurements using the OQAS on 20 eyes of 10 healthy subjects who had best spectacle-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better. Measurements were performed by the same examiner in three different sessions that were separated by 10-min intervals. The subject's eye was realigned at the beginning of each session. During each session, three consecutive measurements were taken without realignment. The following optical quality parameters were analyzed: the modulation transfer function cutoff frequency (MTFcutoff), the Strehl2D ratio, the OQAS values (OV) at contrasts of 100%, 20%, and 9%, and the objective scatter index (OSI). Results. The mean coefficients of repeatability obtained for the first session were 4.51 (MTFcutoff), 0.049 (Strehl2D ratio), 0.15 (OV 100%), 0.21 (OV 20%), 0.28 (OV 9%), and 0.11 (OSI), which were similar to those found in the second and third sessions. The confidence limits in the Bland and Altman charts when the intrasession repeatability was assessed (in a comparison of the first and second measurements of the first session) ranged from −3.16 to 3.94 (MTFcutoff), −0.060 to 0.069 (Strehl2D ratio), −0.12 to 0.18 (OV 100%), −0.20 to 0.23 (OV 20%), −0.29 to 0.27 (OV 9%), and −0.12 to 0.13 (OSI). The same limits when the intersession repeatability was assessed (in a comparison of the first and second sessions) ranged from −5.30 to 5.49 (MTFcutoff), −0.054 to 0.050 (Strehl2D ratio), −0.17 to 0.17 (OV 100%), −0.22 to 0.19 (OV 20%), −0.26 to 0.29 (OV 9%), and −0.12 to 0.13 (OSI). Conclusions. Our findings showed that OQAS is a clinical instrument with a good intra- and intersession repeatability and that the realignment of the eye does not introduce any additional variability in the measurements.
Optimal multi-UAV convoy protection

In this paper, we study time-optimal trajectories for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to provide convoy protection to a group of stationary ground vehicles. The UAVs are modelled as Dubins vehicles flying at a constant altitude. Due to kinematic constraints of the UAVs, it is not possible for a single UAV to provide convoy protection indefinitely. In this paper, we derive time-optimal paths for a single UAV to provide continuous ground convoy protection for the longest possible time. Furthermore, this paper provides optimal trajectories for multiple UAVs to achieve uninterrupted convoy protection. The minimum number of UAVs required to achieve this task is determined.
Toward polyphonic constitutive historicism: a new research agenda for management historians

Abstract Ten years after the call for a ‘historic turn,’ this paper builds on recent developments in organizational remembering scholarship to outline a new research agenda for management historians. Traditionally, management historians have focused on understanding what actually took place in the past. The research agenda for management historians proposed in this paper involves a shift in focus to understanding how perceptions of the past influence economic action in the present. This paper outlines a new methodology for management research. The paper argues that management scholars need to draw on the latest research in the field of social memory studies to ensure that our methodologies for investigation organizational remembering are polyphonic. Polyphonic research involves attempt to capture and analyze diverse voices, rather than just a single voice or just the voices of a few elite individuals within an organization. We critique much of the existing literature on how the past on organizational memory is non-polyphonic in the sense that the historical ideas of only a small number of actors are considered.
Detecting Seasonal Queries Using Time Series and Content Features

Many user information needs are strongly influenced by time. Some of these intents are expressed by users in queries issued indistinctively over time. Others follow a seasonal pattern. Examples of the latter are the queries "Golden Globe Award", "September 11th" or "Halloween", which refer to seasonal events that occur or have occurred at a specific occasion and for which, people often search in a planned and cyclic manner. Understanding this seasonal behavior, may help search engines to provide better ranking approaches and to respond with temporally relevant results leading into user's satisfaction. Detecting the diverse types of seasonal queries is therefore a key step for any search engine looking to present accurate results. In this paper, we categorize web search queries by their seasonality into 4 different categories: Non-Seasonal (NS, e.g., "Secure passwords"), Seasonal-related to ongoing events (SOE, "Golden Globe Award"), Seasonal-related to historical events (SHE, e.g., "September 11th") and Seasonal-related to special days and traditions (SSD, e.g., "Halloween"). To classify a given query we extract both time series (using the document publish date) and content features from its relevant documents. A Random Forest classifier is then used to classify web queries by their seasonality. Our experimental results show that they can be categorized with high accuracy.
Gradequest - Evaluating the impact of using game design techniques in an undergraduate course

The use of game design techniques in a non-gaming context - or ‘gamification’ [6]- offers the promise to make education more motivating and more enjoyable to students. This study reports on both the design and evaluation of gameful class (N= 17) that incorporates a variety of game design techniques through an online application named ‘Gradequest’. The course was evaluated using three methods. First, a quantitative survey was used to collect data to measure levels of intrinsic motivation and engagement for the course. Second, a focus group session was held to obtain qualitative feedback from the students. Third, a teaching log was recorded to capture the instructor’s perspective. The project concludes that the gameful instruction did not necessary lead to higher levels of intrinsic motivation or engagement in comparison to traditional teaching methods, and that further improvements to the design and documentation of the course are necessary. Furthermore, the project found that mediating factors (e.g., the role of the teacher, the clarity of the teaching materials, etc.) outweigh the gameful format in facilitating intrinsic motivation. The findings of the study are used to formulate recommendations towards the design of gameful instruction
“If We’re Happy to Eat It, Why Wouldn’t We Be Happy to Give It to Our Children?”: Articulating the Complexities Underlying Women’s Ethical Views on Genetically Modified Food

Women are typically seen as gatekeepers in the acceptance of genetically modified (GM) foods because they perform the majority of food related activities in the home. At the same time, it has been reported that they are more opposed to GM foods than men are. We conducted a qualitative study to explore women’s attitudes to and values associated with GM foods and situated those attitudes and values in the context of everyday food choices. In this paper, we illustrate that attitudes toward GM foods, ethical food choices, and risk arise from the complex and simultaneous interactions of women’s activities as professionals, carers, and the providers of “good food. ”
Fatigue, Work Schedules, and Perceived Performance in Bedside Care Nurses

Hospital nurses are expected to maintain optimal work performance; yet, fatigue can threaten safe practice and result in unfavorable patient outcomes. This descriptive cross-sectional study explored the association between fatigue, work schedules, and perceived work performance among nurses. The study sample included 77 bedside nurses who were mostly female, single, and between 20 and 29 years of age. The majority worked 8-hour shifts and overtime. Nurses who worked during off days reported significantly higher chronic fatigue compared with those nurses who took time off. Nurses who reported feeling refreshed after sleep had significantly less chronic and acute fatigue and more intershift recovery. Nurses with acute and chronic fatigue perceived poorer physical performance. Also, nurses who reported chronic fatigue perceived they were less alert and less able to concentrate when providing patient care. Less effective communication was also associated with acute and chronic fatigue. In conclusion, fatigue has safety implications for nurses’ practice that should be monitored by nursing management.
Finding an Unified Relationship between Crushing Strength of Concrete and Non-destructive Tests

There are many test methods to assess concrete in sit u, such us Non-destructive Tests methods (Schmidt Hammer and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity), and these meth ods consider indirect and predicted tests to determine concrete strength in situ, whereas these tests affected by many parameters depend on the nature of materials used in production concrete. So, there is a difficulty in det ermine strength of hardened concrete in situ precisely by this methods. This research aim to find unified relatio nship connect the results of these tests and correlat e them with the results of crushing strength of cubes by using st atistical methods in the analyzing process depending on laboratory tests carried on concrete cubes with differen t mixing ratios and different curing conditions, and finding correlation curves to predict the strength of c oncrete much better.
DNA barcoding of Podonomus (Chironomidae, Podonominae) enables stage association of a named species and reveals hidden diversity in Brazilian inselbergs

Podonomus Philippi was recently found in Brazilian inselbergs. In this study, we used sequences from the barcode region of cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) to assess Podonomus molecular diversity from mountains in Southeastern Brazil. Our results revealed the adult female and the larvae of Podonomus pepinellii Roque and Trivinho-Strixino, 2004 and extended the known geographical distribution of the species. Moreover, we found high molecular divergence in two populations located in the Serra da Mantiqueira and Serra do Espinhaco mountain range when compared with the only species recorded to Brazil, indicating the possibility of two more species to be described.
The Effects of Interpolated Interference on Tactual and Visual Short-Term Memory

Three experiments were performed to compare the effects of various interpolated tasks on the serial recall of comparable tactually and visually presented binary sequences. The results showed the tactually presented stimuli to be more disrupted by the interference. These findings are generally consistent with the view that tactual as compared with visual stimuli generate sensory traces which last after the stimuli have been removed and which may thus aid in recall. Other interpretations of this modality difference in sensitivity to interference are considered.