Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Science ELF: Assessing the enquiry levels framework as a heuristic for professional development

This study utilized an explanatory sequential mixed methods approach to explore randomly assigned treatment and control participants’ frequency of inquiry instruction in secondary science classrooms. Eleven treatment participants received professional development (PD) that emphasized a structured approach to inquiry instruction, while 10 control participants received no PD. Two representative treatment participants were interviewed and observed to provide an in-depth understanding of inquiry instruction and factors affecting implementation. Paired t-tests were used to analyze quantitative data from observation forms, and a constant comparative approach was used to analyze qualitative data from surveys, interviews, purposeful observations and artifacts. Results indicated that treatment participants implemented inquiry significantly more frequently than control participants (p < .01). Two treatment participants’ instruction revealed that both used a similar structure of inquiry but employed different types of interactions and emphasized different scientific practices. These differences may be explained by the participants’ understandings of and beliefs about inquiry and structuring inquiry. The present study has the potential to inform how methods of structuring inquiry instruction and teaching scientific practices are addressed in teacher preparation.
Perceived self-efficacy in health behaviour research: Conceptualisation, measurement and correlates

Abstract Two studies examine the psychometric properties and socio-demographic correlates of the General Self-efficacy Scale (GSE) (Jerusalem and Schwarzer, 1986; Schwarzer, 1993). Further, the relationship between GSE and different types of task-specific self-efficacy (TSSE) was studied. Data from 421 Norwegian daily smokers aged 16–79 and 1576 Norwegian 18-year-olds were applied. The results showed that the factor structure, internal consistency and test-retest reliability of GSE were satisfactory. The construct validity of GSE was also supported. The results indicated the existence of complex relationships between GSE and gender, age and education, respectively. Positive correlations were found between GSE and smoking specific self-efficacy (SSSE) and injury risk related self-efficacy (IRSE), respectively. However, GSE did not predict the intention to try to stop smoking while SSSE did. The relationship between GSE and TSSE was addressed with reference to different types of attribution and the possibility that the value of different efficacy experiences may vary between people and throughout the lifecourse.
Regulation of Sealing Ring Formation by L-plastin and Cortactin in Osteoclasts*

The aim of this study is to identify the exact mechanism(s) by which cytoskeletal structures are modulated during bone resorption. In this study, we have shown the possible role of different actin-binding and signaling proteins in the regulation of sealing ring formation. Our analyses have demonstrated a significant increase in cortactin and a corresponding decrease in L-plastin protein levels in osteoclasts subjected to bone resorption for 18 h in the presence of RANKL, M-CSF, and native bone particles. Time-dependent changes in the localization of L-plastin (in actin aggregates) and cortactin (in the sealing ring) suggest that these proteins may be involved in the initial and maturation phases of sealing ring formation, respectively. siRNA to cortactin inhibits this maturation process but not the formation of actin aggregates. Osteoclasts treated as above but with TNF-α demonstrated very similar effects as observed with RANKL. Osteoclasts treated with a neutralizing antibody to TNF-α displayed podosome-like structures in the entire subsurface and at the periphery of osteoclast. It is possible that TNF-α and RANKL-mediated signaling may play a role in the early phase of sealing ring configuration (i.e. either in the disassembly of podosomes or formation of actin aggregates). Furthermore, osteoclasts treated with alendronate or αv reduced the formation of the sealing ring but not actin aggregates. The present study demonstrates a novel mechanistic link between L-plastin and cortactin in sealing ring formation. These results suggest that actin aggregates formed by L-plastin independent of integrin signaling function as a core in assembling signaling molecules (integrin αvβ3, Src, cortactin, etc.) involved in the maturation process.
Infliximab: the evidence for its place in therapy in ulcerative colitis

Introduction: Refractory ulcerative colitis has a high, unmet medical need for avoiding steroid dependency and avoiding colectomy. Controlled trials with biologic agents have recently been reported. Aims: We aimed to review the current evidence supporting the use of the monoclonal antitumor necrosis factor antibody, infliximab, in active ulcerative colitis and determine its current place in therapy. Evidence review: Although faced with initial conflicting data particularly in steroid-refractory patients, two large, placebo-controlled trials have shown that intravenous infliximab induces and maintains clinical improvement in a clinically significant proportion of patients when used with scheduled re-treatment. Infliximab also spares steroids and induces endoscopic remission in moderately ill patients. In fulminant colitis unresponsive to intravenous steroids, one placebo-controlled trial indicates that infliximab is able to prevent colectomy in this patient population. Evidence for cost effectiveness and avoidance of colectomy long term are still lacking. Place in therapy: Infliximab 5 mg/kg induction at 0, 2, and 6 weeks, and every 8 weeks thereafter should be considered in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis failing medical therapy. Steroid-dependent and steroid-refractory patients also qualify for infliximab therapy.
Sociocultural, Feminist, and Psychological Influences on Women's Body Satisfaction: A Structural Modeling Analysis

We explored sociocultural, feminist, and psychological influences on women's body dissatisfaction by examining the manner in which awareness and internalization of appearance standards, feminist ideology, and self-esteem affect body dissatisfaction. A main goal of the study was to test a model of potential protective mechanisms against internalization of appearance standards. The LISREL 8.5 program was used to perform structural modeling analyses on the proposed theoretical models. The results supported previous findings regarding the influential role of sociocultural variables on women's body dissatisfaction. In particular, internalization was found to mediate the relationship between awareness and body dissatisfaction. Feminist ideology and self-esteem were not found to serve as protective mechanisms against internalization. However, self-esteem appeared to directly affect body dissatisfaction.
Analysing the Influence of Institutional, Organizational and Interpersonal Forces in Shaping Inter-Organizational Relations

Much of the literature on inter-organizational relations assumes that firms operate as relatively autonomous and cohesive units that are (1) unimpeded by wider institutional norms governing the industry as a whole, and (2) allow little or no role for the boundary spanning agents who oversee and monitor 'contracts' on a daily basis. This perspective is not surprising given that so many studies rely solely on questionnaires completed by a single respondent within one or more of the organizations. Nor has there been much recognition of the dynamic interplay between forces at the institutional, organizational and interpersonal levels. In order to address these issues, we propose a framework that explicitly focuses on forces at these three levels, as well as the interplay between them, in order to analyse how and why inter-organizational relations take the forms they do. We argue that trusting, OCR-type relations are more likely to be produced and reproduced when there are strong institutional forces promoting common obligations on both parties, and there is a relative mutuality of power relations between the organizations. However, because the contract is maintained by boundary spanning agents, agreed norms at the institutional and organizational levels are a necessary but not sufficient factor for OCR to develop. Conversely, in the absence of these forces, there is less incentive for either organization to establish and maintain close interpersonal relations, and indeed ACR-type, distant relations may be beneficial for organizations and individuals that wish to dispense with existing contracts. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2004.
Partnerships Between Higher Education and Secondary Schools: Some problems

Abstract Data drawn from three case studies of higher education-secondary school partnerships in an urban western city in the United States is reported and a number of obstacles to collaborative partnerships identified. These include large school size, departmentalization, administrator turnover and the apprenticeship view of teacher education held by teachers. Contextual, school specific, factors often had powerful effects in modifying and negating program partnership goals. Research that is both level and site specific to further efforts to develop productive collaborative teacher education partnerships is suggested.
Properties of flat-spectrum radio-loud Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies

We have conducted a multiwavelength survey of 42 radio loud narrow-1ine Seyfert 1 galaxies (RLNLS1s), selected by searching among all the known sources of this type and omitting those with steep radio spectra. We analyse data from radio frequencies to X-rays, and supplement these with information available from online catalogs and the literature in order to cover the full electromagnetic spectrum. This is the largest known multiwavelength survey for this type of source. We detected 90% of the sources in X-rays and found 17% at gamma rays. Extreme variability at high energies was also found, down to timescales as short as hours. In some sources, dramatic spectral and flux changes suggest interplay between a relativistic jet and the accretion disk. The estimated masses of the central black holes are in the range $\sim 10^{6-8}M_{\odot}$, smaller than those of blazars, while the accretion luminosities span a range from $\sim 0.01$ to $\sim 0.49$ times the Eddington limit, similar to those of quasars. The distribution of the calculated jet power spans a range from $\sim 10^{42.6}$ to $\sim 10^{45.6}$ erg s$^{-1}$, generally lower than quasars and BL Lac objects, but partially overlapping with the latter. Once normalised by the mass of the central black holes, the jet power of the three types of active galactic nuclei are consistent with each other, indicating the scalability of the jet. Despite the observational differences, the central engine of RLNLS1s is apparently quite similar to that of blazars. The historical difficulties in finding radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies might be due to their low power and to intermittent jet activity.
Prospective, Multicenter, Single-Arm Study of Mechanical Thrombectomy Using Solitaire Flow Restoration in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose— Mechanical thrombectomy using stent retriever devices have been advocated to increase revascularization in intracranial vessel occlusion. We present the results of a large prospective study on the use of the Solitaire Flow Restoration in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods— Solitaire Flow Restoration Thrombectomy for Acute Revascularization was an international, multicenter, prospective, single-arm study of Solitaire Flow Restoration thrombectomy in patients with large vessel anterior circulation strokes treated within 8 hours of symptom onset. Strict criteria for site selection were applied. The primary end point was the revascularization rate (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction ≥2b) of the occluded vessel as determined by an independent core laboratory. The secondary end point was the rate of good functional outcome (defined as 90-day modified Rankin scale, 0–2). Results— A total of 202 patients were enrolled across 14 comprehensive stroke centers in Europe, Canada, and Australia. The median age was 72 years, 60% were female patients. The median National Institute of Health Stroke Scale was 17. Most proximal intracranial occlusion was the internal carotid artery in 18%, and the middle cerebral artery in 82%. Successful revascularization was achieved in 79.2% of patients. Device and procedure-related severe adverse events were found in 7.4%. Favorable neurological outcome was found in 57.9%. The mortality rate was 6.9%. Any intracranial hemorrhagic transformation was found in 18.8% of patients, 1.5% were symptomatic. Conclusions— In this single-arm study, treatment with the Solitaire Flow Restoration device in intracranial anterior circulation occlusions results in high rates of revascularization, low risk of clinically relevant procedural complications, and good clinical outcomes in combination with low mortality at 90 days. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT01327989.
Putting Algebra Progress Monitoring Into Practice: Insights From the Field

Algebra progress monitoring is a research-based practice that extends a long history of research in curriculum-based measurement (CBM). This article describes the theoretical foundations and research evidence for algebra progress monitoring, along with critical features of the practice. A detailed description of one practitioner’s implementation of algebra progress monitoring in her classes and her school district offers many insights regarding how this assessment strategy is useful and was translated into typical school practice.
The Impact of a Summer Day Camp on the Resiliency of Disadvantaged Youths

JOPERD • Volume 77 No. 1 • January 2006 I n the past decade, human service professions such as recreation, public health, and education have been asked to increase their services and document their contribution to the people and communities they serve. The recreation profession specifi cally has been looked upon as a unique contributor to the positive development of youths, with emphasis on a developmental perspective in recreation programming rather than simply amusement and diversion. This repositioning also has called for a more purposeful or intentional programming strategy, by which outcomes are clearly identifi ed, program experiences are directly developed to address the proposed outcomes, and an appropriate assessment is conducted to determine the achievement of the outcomes. The need now is to document the impact of this strategy on building life skills in young people.
Lipid formulations of amphotericin B significantly improve outcome in solid organ transplant recipients with central nervous system cryptococcosis.

BACKGROUND Whether outcome of central nervous system (CNS) cryptococcosis in solid organ transplant recipients treated with lipid formulations of amphotericin B is different from the outcome of the condition treated with amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmBd) is not known. METHODS We performed a multicenter study involving a cohort comprising consecutive solid organ transplant recipients with CNS cryptococcosis. RESULTS Of 75 patients treated with polyenes as induction regimens, 55 (73.3%) received lipid formulations of amphotericin B and 20 (26.7%) received AmBd. Similar proportions of patients in both groups had renal failure at baseline (P = .94 ). Overall, mortality at 90 days was 10.9% in the group that received lipid formulations of amphotericin B and 40.0% in the group that received AmBd. In univariate analysis, nonreceipt of calcineurin inhibitors (P = .034), renal failure at baseline (P = .016), and fungemia (P = .003) were significantly associated with mortality. Compared with AmBd, lipid formulations of amphotericin B were associated with a lower mortality (P = .007). Mortality did not differ between patients receiving lipid formulations of amphotericin B with or without flucytosine (P = .349). In stepwise logistic regression analysis, renal failure at baseline (odds ratio [OR], 4.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-20.80; P = .047) and fungemia (OR, 10.66; 95% CI, 2.08-54.55; P = .004 ) were associated with an increased mortality, whereas lipid formulations of amphotericin B were associated with a lower mortality (OR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.02-0.57; P = .008). CONCLUSIONS Lipid formulations of amphotericin B were independently associated with better outcome and may be considered as the first-line treatment for CNS cryptococcosis in these patients.
Hierarchical global floorplacement using simulated annealing and network flow area migration

Floorplanning large designs with many hard macros and IP blocks of various sizes is becoming an increasingly important and challenging problem. This paper presents a global floorplacement method that combines a hierarchical simulated annealing floorplanning method with a partitioning-based global placement technique. A novel area migration method, formulated as a min-cost, max-flow network flow problem, is used to improve area utilization, and provide a communication mechanism between the partitioning engine and the placement method for better design quality. The network flow area migration method can be used in managing incremental changes in the design as well. Our global placement wire length is 12% better than the detailed placement wire length of a previous work, while our global placement is almost 8 times faster than their global placement.
Estimated Intakes of Fats, Cholesterol, Fiber, Sodium, Calcium, Potassium, and Magnesium in Jordan

This paper evaluates the estimated intakes of total fats and n-3, n-6, saturated and trans fatty acids, in addition to cholesterol, dietary fiber, sodium, calcium, potassium and magnesium as calculated from the most recent data of Jordanian Household Expenditures and Income Survey (JHEIS) for the year 2006/2007. The estimated intakes of these food constituents were analyzed for different governorates using a nutrition analysis software program. The results showed that the whole country (Kingdom) mean of daily per capita intake of total fat was within the recommendations of the AMDR, whereas, n-3 and n-6 fatty acids were 35% and 47% of the lower range of AMDR, respectively. The Jordanian estimated consumption of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were in agreement with the recommendations of the American Heart Association (AHA), whereas, the consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids was lower than these recommendations. There was a variation in the estimated intake of these constituents among different governorates. The consumption of cholesterol for the whole country and all governorates was within the recommendations of the AHA. The ratio of polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids for the whole country was 1.3/1 which is within the recommended ratio (1-1.5/1). The dietary fiber consumption of the whole country was 24.4 g, whereas, the consumption of the governorates ranged from 20.1 to 28.0 g. Expressed as g/1000 kcal, the dietary fiber consumption for the whole country was 8 g/1000 kcal which is approximately 2/3 of the DRIs (14 g/1000 kcal). The sodium consumption was more than 5 times its AI, whereas the consumptions of calcium, potassium and magnesium were lower than their DRIs. It is possible that high prevalence of CVD among Jordanians is correlated partially with the high intakes of energy and sodium and the low intake of dietary fiber, n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, calcium, potassium and magnesium. To aid reducing the risk factors of CVD, the researcher recommends the increase the intake of dietary fibers, particularly from fruits and vegetables, calcium, potassium and magnesium and the decrease in energy and sodium intakes. Increased physical activity and weight reduction of the obese and overweight persons are also recommended.
Effectiveness of L2 Instruction: A Research Synthesis and Quantitative Meta‐analysis

This study employed (and reports in detail) systematic procedures for research synthesis and meta-analysis to summarize findings from experimental and quasi-experimental investigations into the effectiveness of L2 instruction published between 1980 and 1998. Comparisons of average effect sizes from 49 unique sample studies reporting sufficient data indicated that focused L2 instruction results in large target-oriented gains, that explicit types of instruction are more effective than implicit types, and that Focus on Form and Focus on Forms interventions result in equivalent and large effects. Further findings suggest that the effectiveness of L2 instruction is durable and that the type of outcome measures used in individual studies likely affects the magnitude of observed instructional effectiveness. Generalizability of findings is limited because the L2 type-of-instruction domain has yet to engage in rigorous empirical operationalization and replication of its central research constructs. Changes in research practices are recommended to enhance the future accumulation of knowledge about the effectiveness of L2 instruction.
THE LEARNING OF SEXUAL ABUSE PREVENTION CONCEPTS AND THE RELIABILITY OF THE CKAQ-RIII IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN CONTEXT

Prevention is said to be better than cure and while no one could disagree with this sentiment in theory, there seems to be some difficulty in implementing it in practice. Western society embraces the romantic vision that children should simply be “children”. A child‟s obligation, it seems, is to be happy. However, the experiences of children in developing countries subvert the modern, mythologized understandings of childhood. Childhood should be a period of innocence, but sadly some children think that the abuse they experience is a normal part of childhood.
Fighting a 'Public Enemy' of Black Academic Achievement—the persistence of racism and the schooling experiences of Black students in Canada

This article adds to the growing literature on the Black education experience in Canada - a subject that has not been a priority in mainstream Canadian education. The author shares a significant part of the results of a study that investigated, documented and analysed the experiences of academically successful Black students in Alberta's secondary schools. Drawing from the experiences of these students, the article highlights the issue of systemic racism in Canadian society as a significant barrier that stands in the way of Black academic achievement. The article also shows how Black students cope with racism and the impact of racism on Black student academic achievement. It argues that if we are to address the chronic underachievement of Black students, the issue of racism must be tackled aggressively by educational institutions and school administrators. For too long, educators have greatly underestimated the effects of racism on Black youths in Western multiethnic societies like Canada.