Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shaping adolescent heterosexual romantic experiences : contributions of same- and other-sex friendships

Contributing through the skills and capacities that they foster as well as through the quality of them, friendships have been identified as a powerful source of influence on adolescents’ romantic experiences. Unlike same-sex friendships, the influence of adolescents’ other-sex friendships on romantic relationships remains largely under-researched (Monsour, 2002; Sippola, 1999). In the current study I examined unique longitudinal and concurrent contributions of adolescents’ experiences of relational authenticity and intimacy in other-sex friendships to adolescents’ romantic intimacy and competence, while controlling for the influence of same-sex friendships. Ninety-seven participants rated their perception of relational authenticity and relationship intimacy in Grade 9. In Grade 11 they rated their perception of friendship and romantic intimacy, as well as romantic competence. The present longitudinal findings showed that adolescents’ earlier perception of relational authenticity in other-sex friendships predicted their subsequent perception of romantic intimacy and competence. The corresponding experience in same-sex friendships predicted only romantic competence in Grade 11 and only when the influence of other-sex friendships was not being considered. Although same-sex friendship intimacy in Grade 9 also demonstrated unique links to romantic intimacy in Grade 11, other-sex friendship intimacy in Grade 9 showed no such links. With regard to concurrent findings in Grade 11, experiences of intimacy in sameand other-sex friendships both predicted romantic intimacy in Grade 11. A discussion of possible explanations to the present research results is offered. Future research is
Adverse drug events and medication errors: detection and classification methods

Investigating the incidence, type, and preventability of adverse drug events (ADEs) and medication errors is crucial to improving the quality of health care delivery. ADEs, potential ADEs, and medication errors can be collected by extraction from practice data, solicitation of incidents from health professionals, and patient surveys. Practice data include charts, laboratory, prescription data, and administrative databases, and can be reviewed manually or screened by computer systems to identify signals. Research nurses, pharmacists, or research assistants review these signals, and those that are likely to represent an ADE or medication error are presented to reviewers who independently categorize them into ADEs, potential ADEs, medication errors, or exclusions. These incidents are also classified according to preventability, ameliorability, disability, severity, stage, and responsible person. These classifications, as well as the initial selection of incidents, have been evaluated for agreement between reviewers and the level of agreement found ranged from satisfactory to excellent (κ = 0.32–0.98). The method of ADE and medication error detection and classification described is feasible and has good reliability. It can be used in various clinical settings to measure and improve medication safety.
Talking Fingers: An Interview Study of Pianists' Views on Fingering

Seven professional pianists were interviewed to gather their views on various aspects of piano fingering. The issues covered included technical considerations, the influence of interpretation and composers' markings on fingering, the effects of different Performance circumstances, and the role of teachers in determining fingering strategies. An analysis of the participants' responses revealed both a considerable amount of common ground in their attitudes to these matters, and some strikingly different attitudes. Five primary themes emerged: i) while Standard fingerings form the basis for these performers' strategies, a greater use of Standard fingerings in sight-read as opposed to rehearsed or memorised performance was predicted by the participants; ii) those performers with a deeper involvement in, and earlier exposure to, contemporary music considered themselves to have a less Standard approach to fingering; iii) physical considerations not only represent constraints on fingering, but also offer opportunities to employ positively pleasurable fingerings which may be highly idiosyncratic; iv) while interpretation is universally regarded as the primary determinant of finger choice, attitudes range from a refusal to contemplate a fingering until musical matters have been resolved to the belief that a Single best fingering can be found onto which interpretative choices are mapped; v) the participants appear to have good declarative knowledge of the more abstract and Strategic aspects of their approach to fingering, and essentially procedural knowledge of what they do in any particular circumstance, as found in previous research on motor skill.
Optimal use of modern antibiotics: emerging trends.

Development of new antimicrobial drugs is an essential component in the effort to remain ahead of emerging microbial resistance. However, when new antibiotics are used with unrestrained enthusiasm, a predictable consequence is the further expansion of resistance. This problem is well known to the infectious diseases specialist and is increasingly appreciated by the nonspecialist and the public. A far more sensible strategy is to identify new ways to use these drugs to increase the duration of their usefulness. New methods to optimize antibiotic selection, dose, and duration of therapy are being investigated, and application of some of these strategies has been shown to have a favorable impact on resistance. Much of the classic thinking of how to use antibiotics is changing, and these newer strategies may result in prolongation of the era of the "antibiotic miracle. "
Correlates of Depression and Marital Dissatisfaction: Perceptions of Marital Communication Style

It has been suggested that variables that predict marital dissatisfaction may also serve to predict depression symptoms, especially in women. The current study explored, in a community sample of married individuals, the associations among marital dissatisfaction, depression symptoms, and perceptions of marital communication styles (i.e., self-silencing and the demand–withdraw communication pattern). Analyses were conducted separately by sex in order to test for expected sex differences. For men and women, depression symptoms were correlated with self-silencing and wife-demand and husband-withdraw communication; furthermore, for women, self-silencing mediated the association between marital dissatisfaction and depression symptoms. As expected, depression symptoms were more highly associated with being in the demanding role for women than for men. Results suggest that perceptions of interactions with one’s spouse, as well as gender-related expectations of how both husband and wife should interact, may be important phenomena to address when considering depression and marital dissatisfaction in both men and women.
An Overview of the Clinical Use of Antimuscarinics in the Treatment of Overactive Bladder

Overactive bladder is a common and bothersome condition. Antimuscarinic agents, as a class, are the cornerstone of medical treatment of overactive bladder. They offer significant improvements in symptoms and patients' quality of life. Antimuscarinics are generally well tolerated with mild and predictable side effects. Available antimuscarinics have small, yet statistically significant, differences in their efficacy and tolerability profiles. In clinical practice, finding the agent that offers the optimum balance of efficacy and side effects for an individual patient remains the major challenge.
Victimization and Depressive Symptomology in Transgender Adults: The Mediating Role of Avoidant Coping

Victimization and depressive distress symptoms represent serious and interconnected public health problems facing transgender communities. Avoidant coping is hypothesized to temporarily alleviate the stress of victimization, but has potential long-term mental and behavioral health costs, such as increasing the probability of depressive symptoms. A community sample of 412 transgender adults (M age = 32.7, SD = 12.8) completed a one-time survey capturing multiple forms of victimization (i.e., everyday discrimination, bullying, physical assault by family, verbal harassment by family, childhood sexual abuse, intimate partner violence), avoidant coping, and past-week depressive symptomology. Structural equation modeling examined the mediating role of avoidant coping in the association between victimization and depressive symptomology. A latent victimization variable comprised of 6 measures of victimization was positively associated with avoidant coping, which in turn was positively associated with depressive symptoms. Victimization was also positively associated with depressive symptomology both directly and indirectly through avoidant coping. Avoidant coping represents a potentially useful intervention target for clinicians aiming to reduce the mental health sequelae of victimization in this highly stigmatized and vulnerable population.
Toward International Comparative Research on Associational Activity

This article describes the scope and composition of national associational populations in four similar countries (Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and United States), by way of introducing an important new data release on national associational populations. Special attention is devoted to the subset of associations attending to social inequality issues of gender, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation, and which are of particular interest to social movement and interest group scholars. No evidence is found for the Tocquevillian notion of heightened national-level associational activity in the United States. The nonmembership associational form is, however, particularly prominent in the United States. Associations attending to social inequality issues in the United Kingdom are structured very differently from these other nations, likely as a result of the unitary nature of government in that country rather than a strong federal system.
Exploring the Potential for Racial and Gender Bias in Violations of Probation Petitions

Juvenile offender data were examined in 1 county of 1 southern U.S. state, to explore whether racial and gender disparities in youth involved in the justice system were a factor in detention decisions for violations of probation. Probation officers were able to make relatively consistent decisions about detention for violation of probation, despite disproportionate demographic representation in the overall population that they work with. There remains, however, a substantial potential for subjective bias, suggesting that measures to assist probation officers in making such decisions would appear to have potential value in the field.
Convergence between GNAT‐assessed implicit and explicit personality

Two studies investigated the characteristics and correlates of implicit personality measures provided by the Go/No‐Go Association Task (GNAT), a variant of the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Extraversion was assessed in Study 1, and all Big‐Five factors in Study 2. Of interest were the convergent validity of the measures with explicit personality and their reliability. The results demonstrate that the GNAT metric (d') is reliable, and has convergent validity, only when systematic variance in the GNAT indices is controlled. We also provide preliminary evidence for the predictive utility of GNAT indices of implicit extraversion and neuroticism by examining their ability to predict reaction times. The results suggest that this task provides a promising method for assessing implicit personality. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesising theory and practice

Changes facing higher education from increased government, student and community demands are resulting in a greater focus on leadership within universities. Attempts to adapt to higher education theory that underpins leadership in other sectors have been criticised for failing to recognise its unique role in the development of creative and innovative thinking required to increase and exchange knowledge. What is needed is a new approach to leadership that goes beyond individual control and management bureaucracy to embrace more sharing and collaboration. One such approach is distributed leadership; however, existing research into distributed leadership in higher education has been criticised for being normative and less democratic than is suggested in its theorisation. The research for this paper focuses on the reflections of participants in projects designed to use distributed leadership to build leadership capacity in learning and teaching in Australian higher education. The outcome was a resource designed to identify actions needed to enable a distributed leadership process that is genuinely aimed at engaging staff in influencing leadership decision making. The authors propose that this paper extends research in distributed leadership beyond the normative, subjectivist functionalist research for which it is criticised, towards a more universally applicable research paradigm.
Teachers as readers: a study of the reading habits of future teachers / El docente como lector: estudio de los hábitos lectores de futuros docentes

Abstract Previous studies about reading achievement and habits of young people in Spain have systematically ignored the reading profile of Spanish teachers as an explanatory variable. However, teachers’ reading habits might help us to better understand their attitude towards reading and, therefore, their approach to the education of new readers in their classrooms. In this work, the reading habits of future teachers in three public universities have been explored by means of a survey. The results show that these subjects are not closely involved with reading, do not read regularly, do not read a wide variety of reading texts and do not place great value on books, although they do tend to overrate their reading practices. Furthermore, they scarcely visit libraries and mainly read for instrumental reasons, not to enjoy reading for its own sake. The way in which the reading profile of the teachers could affect their students’ education regarding reading is considered and promoting better attitudes and habits towards reading is proposed as a pre-service teacher education goal.
Revising Translated Differential Item Functioning Items as a Tool for Improving Cross-Lingual Assessment

When a test is translated from a source language into a target language, the 2 tests are generally not psychometrically equivalent. Differential item functioning (DIF) analysis can facilitate an understanding of the differences between the tests in the 2 languages and can help translators to revise translated items to produce non-DIF (or lower DIF) items. Based on the reasons found for DIF in Allalouf, Hambleton, and Sireci (1999; differences in word difficulty, item format, content, and cultural relevance), a panel of translators and researchers revised the target-language DIF items detected in that study. The revised items were then readministered. Results showed that the revisions succeeded in reducing DIF considerably. For cross-validation purposes, the original translated items were readministered and the study results were generally validated. An attempt was made to determine which sources of DIF and which item types could be revised most effectively. The revision process is expensive, so considerations of cost-effectiveness should be taken into account. Revisions to reduce DIF in translated items may follow the steps used in this study.
Goals and Life Satisfaction of Hong Kong Chinese Older Adults

Like other well-developed countries, Hong Kong is facing the challenges and opportunities posed by an aging population as well as a new wave of the younger old who are relatively healthy and well resourced. Participation in meaningful and purposeful activities, as well as social engagement, have often been promoted as gold standards of optimal or successful aging in both local and international arenas. Striving for goals provides individuals’ lives with meaning and a sense of purpose. With the increasingly active role of the growing population of older adults in society, it is essential to understand how the possible variations in goal fulfillment can affect successful aging. Using regression analysis, this study investigated the relationship between successful attainment of life goals and life satisfaction of 254 participants recruited from various community centers in Hong Kong. Preliminary analysis suggested that, compared with their older counterparts, the younger old found the fulfillment of achievement and affiliation goals to be relatively more important to life satisfaction. Conversely, results suggested that for the old old the fulfillment of an altruism goal was more important to life satisfaction. These findings can have implications for developing and tailoring services to meet the different needs of goal pursuit with a view to enhancing the well-being and life satisfaction of older adults of different age groups. The study may also have implications for training/retraining in relationship to the employment/re-employment of older workers.
What Is Enjoyment? A Conceptual/Definitional Analysis With Implications for Sport and Exercise Psychology

It has been suggested that enjoyment is a key construct for understanding and explaining the motivation and experiences of sport and exercise participants (Scanlan & Simons, 1992; Wankel, 1993). In this paper, definitions of enjoyment used by sport and exercise psychology researchers are reviewed, and the conceptual and measurement implications for the study of sport and exercise experiences are discussed. In many studies investigating enjoyment, researchers have not adequately defined the construct. Also, there are possible limitations with proposed definitions of enjoyment (e.g., Scanlan & Simons, 1992; Wankel, 1993). One possible way of addressing these limitations is to conceptualize and define enjoyment as flow (Csikszentmihalyi, 1993). To support this enjoyment-equals-flow contention, enjoyment/flow is compared with other related constructs: affect, attitude, pleasure, and intrinsic motivation. Implications of the suggested definition of enjoyment as flow for past and present enjoyment research in s.
The 2000 Presidential Election and the Foundations of Party Politics

The 2000 Presidential Election and the Foundations of Party Politics. By Richard Johnston, Michael G. Hagen, and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004. 216p. $55.00 cloth, $19.99 paper. The 2000 presidential election in the United States provides Richard Johnston, Michael Hagen, and Kathleen Hall Jamieson with a “natural experiment” to investigate the dynamics of support for George W. Bush and for Al Gore over the course of the campaign. As we all know, the 2000 election gave somewhat contradictory results: a popular majority for one candidate and an Electoral College majority for the other. Further, the campaign had two distinct elements that these researchers capitalize on for their work—the nationwide news coverage provided by the mass media and the campaign ads running on television chiefly, if not exclusively, in the battleground states. Given the difference between the forecasts provided by previously reliable models of presidential campaigns and the actual outcome of the 2000 contest, Johnston et al. ask whether campaign dynamics may account for the disparity.
The German-Romance Language Borders in Switzerland

This paper is concerned with language-contact phenomena at the borders of Switzerland's four language communities (German, French, Italian and Romansh), the legal status of the four Swiss national languages, and the language policies of individual bilingual and trilingual cantons. The historical movements of the language boundaries will be described; linguistic interference resulting from direct language contact at each of the language boundaries will be described in some detail; and recent research into linguistic cleavage and language attitudes will be summarised.
Striatal dopamine transporter binding in Parkinson's disease associated with the LRRK2 Gly2019Ser mutation

We measured striatal dopamine transporter binding using [123I]ioflupane and SPECT in patients with Parkinson's disease associated with the LRRK2 (PARK8) Gly2019Ser gene mutation (LRRK2‐PD) and in gene‐negative patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) of comparable disease duration and severity. The LRRK2‐PD group consisted of a total of 10 patients (3 sporadic) with mean age 62 ± 14 years, disease duration 9 ± 3 years, and UPDRS III motor score 21.60 ± 6.65. The control IPD group consisted of 15 patients with mean age 59 ± 9 years, disease duration 9 ± 5 years, and UPDRS III motor score 23.80 ± 8.69. [123I]ioflupane–specific uptake ratios were calculated for caudate nucleus and putamen using the occipital cortex as reference region. We found no differences between the LRRK2‐PD group and IPD in all items studied. In particular, putamen and caudate uptake values as well as side asymmetry indexes and putamen/caudate ratios all revealed comparable between‐group values. We conclude that in these patients carrying the LRRK2 Gly2019Ser mutation, the neurodegenerative process results in a pattern of nigrostriatal dopaminergic dysfunction similar to that observed in IPD. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society