Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of the Bowel Preparation Status on the Risk of Missing Polyp and Adenoma during Screening Colonoscopy: A Tandem Colonoscopic Study

Background/Aims Although a small amount of fecal material can obscure significant colorectal lesions, it has not been well documented whether bowel preparation status affects the missing risk of colorectal polyps and adenomas during a colonoscopy. Methods We prospectively enrolled patients with one to nine colorectal polyps and at least one adenoma of >5 mm in size at the screening colonoscopy. Tandem colonoscopy with polypectomy was carried out within 3 months. Results A total of 277 patients with 942 polyps and 714 adenomas completed index and tandem examinations. At the index colonoscopy, 187 polyps (19.9%) and 127 adenomas (17.8%) were missed. The per-patient miss rate of polyps and adenomas increased significantly as the bowel cleansing rate declined from excellent to poor/inadequate on the Aronchick scale (polyps, p=0.024; adenomas, p=0.040). The patients with poor/inadequate bowel preparation were independently associated with an increased risk of having missed polyps (odds ratio [OR], 3.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13 to 9.15) or missed adenomas (OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.04 to 8.88) compared to the patients with excellent bowel preparation. Conclusions The risk of missing polyps and adenomas during screening colonoscopy is significantly affected by bowel preparation status. It seems appropriate to shorten the colonoscopy follow-up interval for patients with suboptimal bowel preparation.
Packing and Viscoelasticity of Polyunsaturated ω-3 and ω-6 Lipid Bilayers as Seen by 2H NMR and X-ray Diffraction

Polyunsaturated phospholipids of the ω-3 and ω-6 classes play key roles in cellular functions, yet their mechanisms of biological action are still a matter of debate. Using deuterium (2H) NMR spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray diffraction, we show how membrane properties are modified by docosahexaenoic (DHA; 22:6) and arachidonic (AA; 20:4) acyl chains of the ω-3 and the ω-6 families, respectively. Structural and dynamical differences due to polyunsaturation are evident in both the ordered and disordered phases of mixed-chain (16:0)(22:6)PC and (16:0)(20:4)PC bilayers. Due to the lower chain melting temperature, the ω-6 AA bilayer is more disordered in the fluid (Lα) state than the ω-3 DHA bilayer; it is thinner with a larger area per lipid. The thermal hysteresis observed for the DHA bilayer may represent the influences of angle-iron conformers in the gel state and back-bended, hairpinlike conformers in the fluid state, consistent with molecular dynamics studies. Interpretation of the 2H NMR order profil.
A literature review of the IT entrepreneurial turnover conditions: a comparison between U.S., France and Greece

What are the factors or conditions that trigger the decision to start an IT business? Are there any differences from one country to another? Several conceptual arguments and studies have been made in an attempt to reveal the relationship between entrepreneurship and its antecedents, yet empirical evidence has only started to emerge and its presentation has been made in a rather fragmented fashion. Objective of the current paper is to review existing literature in order to portray the general landscape against which IT professionals quit their job to start their own business. To achieve this aim, it focuses on the personal, cultural, and socio-economic conditions which frame the IT entrepreneurial decision in three different countries: U.S., France and Greece.
Effectiveness of Gottman's Psycho Educational Intervention on Constructive Communication among Married Women

A married woman with the low communication skills has low level of their marital quality. The training of marital communication can help them to achieve a positive marriage, and can prevent marital ills, and divorce. The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the effect of Gottman’s psycho educational training on constructive communication among 72 Iranian married women. They were evaluated with Communication Pattern Questionnaire. The results of repeated measure ANOVA revealed between experimental and control group in pre-test was not statistically significant (p=0.596) differences in mean score of women’s constructive communication, while in post-test (p˂ 0.001), first follow up (p˂ 0.001) , and second follow up test (p ˂ .001) differences were significant as well. Results are applicable for couple therapist, and every specialist in the family field. This is because; learning of communication skills may be an essential factor to be added in family education program for enhancing marital quality.
Use of cuff tear arthroplasty head prosthesis for rotator cuff arthropathy treatment in elderly patients with comorbidities

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the clinical and functional behavior of patients undergoing cuff tear arthroplasty at different stages of the disease. Methods Cuff tear arthroplasty hemiarthroplasties were performed in 34 patients with rotator cuff arthropathy and associated comorbidities, classified according to Seebauer. The mean age was 76.3 years, and the sample comprised 23 females (67.6%) and 11 males (32.4%). The mean follow-up period was 21.7 months, and evaluations were performed using the Visual Analog Scale for pain and the Constant scale. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the mean reduction in the Visual Analog Scale or in the Constant scale increase between the female and male groups. The variation between the pre- and postoperative Visual Analog Scale and Constant scale evaluations was significant. There was also no statistically significant difference between the Seebauer classification groups regarding the mean Visual Analog Scale reduction, or the mean Constant scale increase. Conclusion Cuff tear arthroplasty shoulder hemiarthroplasty is a good option for rotator cuff arthropathy in patients with comorbidities.
Factors predicting the stratified academic achievement trajectories of foreign-born Canadian adolescents: A population-based study

ABSTRACT The study looked at the stratified math and language arts trajectories of foreign-born adolescents (aged 14–19) in British Columbia (BC), Canada, and identified social position factors that predicted this variation. Leveraging data from the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education and Citizenship and Immigration Canada, the study looked longitudinally at a population-based cohort of foreign-born adolescents in BC (N = 9,113), in comparison to a Canadian-born random sample (N = 22,845). Utilizing Group-based Trajectory Modeling, the study found that foreign-born adolescents were stratified into a range of math and language arts trajectory groups over high school (grade 10 to 12), and group membership was predicted by key social position factors. The results supported moving away from a one-size-fits-all understanding of the impact of migration on adolescent development and identified key factors that predicted math and language arts outcomes for foreign-born Canadian adolescents.
Rates of medication errors among depressed and burnt out residents: prospective cohort study

Objective To determine the prevalence of depression and burnout among residents in paediatrics and to establish if a relation exists between these disorders and medication errors. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Three urban freestanding children’s hospitals in the United States. Participants 123 residents in three paediatric residency programmes. Main outcome measures Prevalence of depression using the Harvard national depression screening day scale, burnout using the Maslach burnout inventory, and rate of medication errors per resident month. Results 24 (20%) of the participating residents met the criteria for depression and 92 (74%) met the criteria for burnout. Active surveillance yielded 45 errors made by participants. Depressed residents made 6.2 times as many medication errors per resident month as residents who were not depressed: 1.55 (95% confidence interval 0.57 to 4.22) compared with 0.25 (0.14 to 0.46, P<0.001). Burnt out residents and non-burnt out residents made similar rates of errors per resident month: 0.45 (0.20 to 0.98) compared with 0.53 (0.21 to 1.33, P=0.2). Conclusions Depression and burnout are major problems among residents in paediatrics. Depressed residents made significantly more medical errors than their non-depressed peers; however, burnout did not seem to correlate with an increased rate of medical errors.
Probabilistic Feature Selection and Classification Vector Machine

Sparse Bayesian learning is a state-of-the-art supervised learning algorithm that can choose a subset of relevant samples from the input data and make reliable probabilistic predictions. However, in the presence of high-dimensional data with irrelevant features, traditional sparse Bayesian classifiers suffer from performance degradation and low efficiency due to the incapability of eliminating irrelevant features. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel sparse Bayesian embedded feature selection algorithm that adopts truncated Gaussian distributions as both sample and feature priors. The proposed algorithm, called probabilistic feature selection and classification vector machine (PFCVMLP) is able to simultaneously select relevant features and samples for classification tasks. In order to derive the analytical solutions, Laplace approximation is applied to compute approximate posteriors and marginal likelihoods. Finally, parameters and hyperparameters are optimized by the type-II maximum likelihood method. Experiments on three datasets validate the performance of PFCVMLP along two dimensions: classification performance and effectiveness for feature selection. Finally, we analyze the generalization performance and derive a generalization error bound for PFCVMLP. By tightening the bound, the importance of feature selection is demonstrated.
Predicting the Evolution of CO 2 Emissions in Bahrain with Automated Forecasting Methods

The 2012 Doha meeting established the continuation of the Kyoto protocol, the legally-binding global agreement under which signatory countries had agreed to reduce their carbon emissions. Contrary to this assumed obligation, all G20 countries with the exception of France and the UK saw significant increases in their CO2 emissions over the last 25 years, surpassing 300% in the case of China. This paper attempts to forecast the evolution of carbon dioxide emissions in Bahrain over the 2012–2021 decade by employing seven Automated Forecasting Methods, including the exponential smoothing state space model (ETS), the Holt–Winters Model, the BATS/TBATS model, ARIMA, the structural time series model (STS), the naive model, and the neural network time series forecasting method (NNAR). Results indicate a reversal of the current decreasing trend of pollution in the country, with a point estimate of 2309 metric tons per capita at the end of 2020 and 2317 at the end of 2021, as compared to the 1934 level achieved in 2010. The country’s baseline level corresponding to year 1990 (as specified by the Doha amendment of the Kyoto protocol) is approximately 25.54 metric tons per capita, which implies a maximum level of 20.96 metric tons per capita for the year 2020 (corresponding to a decrease of 18% relative to the baseline level) in order for Bahrain to comply with the protocol. Our results therefore suggest that Bahrain cannot meet its assumed target.
Using Experimental Data to Model Bargaining Behavior in Ultimatum Games

Subgame perfect equilibrium predictions of ultimatum bargaining games correspond poorly to the data gathered from human subjects in laboratory environments. Attempts to reconcile this discrepancy have taken one or more of three routes: (1) expanding the agent foresight and scope of decisions, (2) explicit modeling of agents' initial beliefs and their dynamics, and (3) adding social arguments to agent preferences. We take the first two routes by including the probability of rejection by the responder in proposer's decision, and using experimental data to estimate a static model of agent beliefs. Data from previously reported experiments is compared to the predictions of the optimal decision rule to validate the proposer model. Models in which the probability of acceptance of a proposal declines with the amount offered to the responder are better able to organize the data about the behavior of both players. Explanation of responders' behavior remains weak.
Mutating network scans for the assessment of supervised classifier ensembles

As it is well known, some Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) suffer from high rates of false positives and negatives. A mutation technique is proposed in this study to test and evaluate the performance of a full range of classifier ensembles for Network Intrusion Detection when trying to recognize new attacks. The novel technique applies mutant operators that randomly modify the features of the captured network packets to generate situations that could not otherwise be provided to IDSs while learning. A comprehensive comparison of supervised classifiers and their ensembles is performed to assess their generalization capability. It is based on the idea of confronting brand new network attacks obtained by means of the mutation technique. Finally, an example application of the proposed testing model is specially applied to the identification of network scans and related mutations.
Global Warming and Extinctions of Endemic Species from Biodiversity Hotspots

Abstract: Global warming is a key threat to biodiversity, but few researchers have assessed the magnitude of this threat at the global scale. We used major vegetation types (biomes) as proxies for natural habitats and, based on projected future biome distributions under doubled‐CO2 climates, calculated changes in habitat areas and associated extinctions of endemic plant and vertebrate species in biodiversity hotspots. Because of numerous uncertainties in this approach, we undertook a sensitivity analysis of multiple factors that included (1) two global vegetation models, (2) different numbers of biome classes in our biome classification schemes, (3) different assumptions about whether species distributions were biome specific or not, and (4) different migration capabilities. Extinctions were calculated using both species‐area and endemic‐area relationships. In addition, average required migration rates were calculated for each hotspot assuming a doubled‐CO2 climate in 100 years. Projected percent extinctions ranged from <1 to 43% of the endemic biota (average 11.6%), with biome specificity having the greatest influence on the estimates, followed by the global vegetation model and then by migration and biome classification assumptions. Bootstrap comparisons indicated that effects on hotpots as a group were not significantly different from effects on random same‐biome collections of grid cells with respect to biome change or migration rates; in some scenarios, however, hotspots exhibited relatively high biome change and low migration rates. Especially vulnerable hotspots were the Cape Floristic Region, Caribbean, Indo‐Burma, Mediterranean Basin, Southwest Australia, and Tropical Andes, where plant extinctions per hotspot sometimes exceeded 2000 species. Under the assumption that projected habitat changes were attained in 100 years, estimated global‐warming‐induced rates of species extinctions in tropical hotspots in some cases exceeded those due to deforestation, supporting suggestions that global warming is one of the most serious threats to the planet's biodiversity.
Not separate but equal? The impact of multiple-defendant trials on juror decision-making

ABSTRACT Suspects accused of involvement in the same crime can be tried in one multiple-defendant trial. While research has long demonstrated the difficulties of being a juror, no published work has examined whether multiple-defendant trials compound these difficulties. The current research recruited both student and community samples to determine whether trying multiple defendants would increase conviction rates for individual defendants. Every participant watched one of three trial videos – a single defendant against whom the State had a strong case (single-strong), a single-defendant against whom the State had a weak case (single-weak), or a multiple-defendant trial combining both defendants (multiple-defendant). The findings demonstrated an overshare effect – when the defendants were tried together, overall conviction rates for both defendants increased relative to when they were tried alone, though the pattern of results differed by study sample. Although we are unable to provide a definitive mechanism underlying the results, the best explanation seems to be that multiple-defendant trials prompt jurors to engage in a joint evaluation of the defendants, rather than single evaluations of each. Consequently, participant-jurors’ perceptions of each defendant are impacted by how they compare with one another. Thus, the current research casts some doubt on the fairness of multiple-defendant trials.
GEOMETRIC ALGORITHM FOR CURVE INTERPOLATION WITH NON UNIFORM B-SPLINES

The interpolation of a sequence of points is an important task in Engineering. In this work, three different interpolation methods are studied and expanded. The first method is the conventional interpolation Spline. The second method is a subdivision based geometric algorithm. The third method interpolates a given set of points with additional point normal constraints. The last two methods were implemented with uniform B-Splines curves. In this work, both methods are expanded to use non uniform B-Spline curves. Three critical curves are used to test the developed methods: circle involute, bowditch and epitrochoid. The results show that the non uniform B-Spline implementations have better quality with smaller errors, once the value of the distance error of the curve is in the order of 10−15 % of the bound box diagonal of the initial input data points and the normal error is around 10−4 rad in the worst case. Keywords— Non Uniform B-Spline, Interpolation, Curves, Geometric Algorithm, Point Normal Constraint.
How Status Conflict Undermines Athletes' Willingness to Help New Teammates

Drawing from theory on social hierarchy and intragroup behaviors, the current study examined whether status conflicts attenuate willingness to help newcomers. Using experimental vignettes with high-level team sport athletes (N = 112), the results demonstrated that athletes were less willing to help high-status newcomers who played the same position than newcomers who played (a) a different position and (b) the same position but were described to be lower status. Our findings show that when positional competition creates a salient status threat, this can curtail an athlete's willingness to help in the socialization processes of a teammate.
Taming the habitus: the gym and the dojo as civilizing workshops

Introduction In this chapter I bring in Norbert Elias's notion of habitus applied to ethnographic settings (the boxing gym and aikido dojo). Complemented by other conceptual tools such as ‘tension balance’, ‘thresholds of violence’ or ‘double-bind process’, I try to contribute in the advance towards the possibility of a real ‘carnal sociology’ (Wacquant 2005a, 2011). Even though Elias's usage of habitus is less well known than Bourdieu's, I argue that it is as important as a topic of research (especially when dealing with martial arts and combat sports) and as a tool for conducting ethnographic studies. In both Bourdieu and Elias, the notion of habitus refers to some kind of tacit disposition, a kind of ‘second nature’ that allows a pre-reflective relation to the world affected by the social conditions of its production. Nonetheless, there are some differences. Whereas in Bourdieu (1990b, 2000; Bourdieu and Wacquant 1992), the notion of habitus implies a whole common sense, a way of perceiving and acting, in Elias, the notion of habitus is restricted to the balance between spontaneity and constriction in the expression of affects and emotions. This difference does not prevent both notions from being complementary. On the contrary: as we can see in Wacquant's study of boxing in Chicago (Wacquant 2004a), the specific conditions of being/learning in the gym affects the whole common sense of boxers but also the way they express and control their affections, especially (but not only) those related to violence.
Clinical Assessment of Watermarked Medical Images

Problem statement: Digital watermarking provides security to medical images. Watermarking in Region Of Interest (ROI) however distorts medical images but it is known that the resulting loss of fidelity is visually imperceptible. Approach: Clinical assessment will objectively evaluate the distortion on medical images to see whether or not medical diagnosis is altered. We used 75 medical images consisting of x-rays, ultrasound and CT scans. Digital watermarking was inserted in ROI and ROI/Region Of Non Interest (RONI) in all of them. Three assessors were randomly assigned 225 images, each receiving 75, a mixture of watermarked and non watermarked images. Results: Chi square test was used and p<0.05 was considered significant. There was no significant difference between original images and those watermarked in ROI or ROI/RONI. There was no comment on image quality in all the images assessed. Conclusion/Recommendations: Digital watermarking does not alter medical diagnosis when assessed by clinical radiologists. The quality of the watermarked images was also unchanged.
Prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia contributions to visual working memory

Visual working memory (VWM) is a remarkable skill dependent on the brain's ability to construct and hold an internal representation of the world for later comparison with an external stimulus. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) and basal ganglia (BG) interact within a cortical and subcortical network supporting VWM. We used scalp electroencephalography in groups of patients with unilateral PFC or BG lesions to provide evidence that these regions play complementary but dissociable roles in VWM. PFC patients show behavioral and electrophysiological deficits manifested by attenuation of extrastriate attention and VWM-related neural activity only for stimuli presented to the contralesional visual field. In contrast, patients with BG lesions show behavioral and electrophysiological VWM deficits independent of the hemifield of stimulus presentation but have intact extrastriate attention activity. The results support a model wherein the PFC is critical for top-down intrahemispheric modulation of attention and VWM with the BG involved in global support of VWM processes.