Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protective effects of flavonoids in the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in HS-SY5Y cells.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathological process of neurodegenerative diseases. The effects of four major flavonoids present in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on hydrogen peroxide-induced neuronal cell damage are studied in this paper. When human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were incubated in Hanks' solution with the addition of 400 microM hydrogen peroxide for 2 h, the viability of cells was decreased remarkably, while the cell lipid peroxidation and the percentage of lactose dehydrogenase released into the culture medium was significantly increased. Addition of 10 microM of baicalein and baicalin significantly attenuated the cellular injury induced by hydrogen peroxide, while the effect of wogonin was marginal and wogonoside showed no effect at the tested concentration. In a separate experiment, 10 microM of baicalein and baicalin also antagonized the intracellular free-calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) increase caused by 1 mM hydrogen peroxide. The effects of baicalein in both experiments were similar to those of quercetin, a well-studied antioxidant flavonoid. These results demonstrated the protective effects of flavonoids originating from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on the oxidative injury of neuronal cells.
Linguistic and cultural effects on the attainment of ethnic minority students: some methodological considerations

Established literature suggests that language problems lead to lower attainment levels in those subjects that are more language dependent. Also, language has been suggested as a main driver of ethnic minority attainment. We use an original dataset of 2020 secondary school students to show that ethnic minority students in Cyprus underperform overall, but they do not perform less well in subjects considered more language dependent. We suggest that the main determinant for their low performance is not linguistic but cultural. This is the first study to investigate the performance of Georgians as an ethnic minority group in a European country. It is also one of the very few studies which were deliberately designed to compare the attainment of ethnic minority students on more and less language-dependent subjects. Methodologically, this is an instructive study using a repeated-measures design and combining teacher assessments with test results to alleviate floor and ceiling effects.
How we prevent and manage infection in sickle cell disease

Sickle cell disease (SCD) affects approximately 100 000 people in the US, 12 500 in the UK, and millions worldwide. SCD is typified by painful vaso‐occlusive episodes, haemolytic anaemia and organ damage. A secondary complication is infection, which can be bacterial, fungal or viral. Universal newborn screening, routine use of penicillin prophylaxis, availability of conjugated vaccines against S. pneumoniae and comprehensive care programmes instituted during the past few decades in industrialized countries have dramatically reduced childhood mortality and improved life expectancy. Yet patients with SCD remain at increased risk of infection. Unfortunately, the treatment of most bacterial infections that are common in SCD is not based on the results of randomized controlled clinical trials. In their absence, treatment decisions are based on consensus guidelines, clinical experience or adapting treatment applied in other diseases. This leads to wide variation in treatment among institutions and even between treating physicians in a single institution. Prevention of infection, when possible, is most important and we focus on prevention through targeted prophylaxis and vaccination. We will share our management strategies for managing the more common infections in SCD and provide the rationale for our recommendations.
Corporate social and environmental reporting

Takes as its departure point the criticism of Guthrie and Parker by Arnold and the Tinker et al. critique of Gray et al. Following an extensive review of the corporate social reporting literature, its major theoretical preoccupations and empirical conclusions, attempts to re‐examine the theoretical tensions that exist between “classical” political economy interpretations of social disclosure and those from more “bourgeois” perspectives. Argues that political economy, legitimacy theory and stakeholder theory need not be competitor theories but may, if analysed appropriately, be seen as alternative and mutually enriching theories from alternative levels of resolution. Offers evidence from 13 years of social disclosure by UK companies and attempts to interpret this from different levels of resolution. There is little doubt that social disclosure practice has changed dramatically in the period. The theoretical perspectives prove to offer different, but mutually enhancing, interpretations of these phenomena.
Masculinity & femininity: Their psychological dimensions, correlates, and antecedents

Preface 1. Gender, Sex Roles, and the Psychological Dimensions of Masculinity and Femininity 2. Previous Research and Overview of the Study 3. Measuring Instruments 4. Sample Characteristics and Testing Procedures 5. Interrelationships among the Personal Attributes, Self-esteem, and Attitudes toward Women Measures 6. Achievement Motivation: Background Literature 7. Achievement Factors and Their Correlates 8. Masculinity, Femininity, and Their Correlates: A Summing Up 9. Parental Antecedents of Masculinity and Feminity, Self-esteem, and Achievement Motivation: Background Literature 10. Relationships with Parental Masculinity and Femininity 11. Relationships with Parental Behavior and Attitudes 12. The Influence of Parental Attributes and Behaviors: A Summing Up Appendix A. Measuring Instruments B. Demographic Characteristics of High School Samples C. Subsidiary Analyses, Chapter 7: Relationships with Achievement Scales D. Subsidiary Analyses, Chapter 10: Relationships with Parental Attributes E. Subsidiary Analyses, Chapter 11: Relationships with Parental Behaviors References Author Index Subject Index
Can We Infer Social Preferences from the Lab? Evidence from the Trust Game

We show that a measure of reciprocity derived from the Berg et al. (1995) trust game in a laboratory setting predicts the reciprocal behavior of the same subjects in a real-world situation. By using the Crowne and Marlowe (1960) social desirability scale, we do not find any evidence that a desire to conform to social norms distorts results in the lab, yet we do find evidence that it affects results in the field.
Architectural pattern for the definition of eLearning ecosystems based on Open Source developments

The huge penetration of technological ecosystems based on Open Source software, as a technological solution to support the knowledge management of entities and institutions, presents new problems in the development and integration of new software components. The aim of this paper has been to define an architectural pattern that lays the foundations to define and implement eLearning ecosystems. The pattern definition has been realized from a comparative analysis of the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of a number of real case studies developed in different contexts. As a result, we have obtained an architectural pattern composed by several layers and a set of external elements that provides a solution to the main problems identified in the development of technological ecosystems. The pattern has been tested in a real context, concretely in the Public Administration, its which has demonstrated that works properly.
Day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Objectives: To assess the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic cholecystectomy as a day-case procedure. Methods: All consecutive patients who were admitted to the day-surgery unit for laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the Department of Surgery, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from July 2009 to June 2013 were considered for this retrospective study. The medical records were reviewed for age, gender, presenting symptoms, laboratory findings, imaging studies, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) grade, anesthesia, conversion to open cholecystectomy, complications, the operating surgeons, pain management, nausea, and vomiting, overnight stay, readmission, morbidity, mortality, and outpatient follow up were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 487 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy as a day case (ASA I=316, ASA II=171). Surgery was performed by high surgical trainees (HSTs) (n=417) and consultants (n=70) with conversion to open cholecystectomy in 4 patients. Twenty-two (5%) patients were admitted for overnight stay for different reasons, while 465 (95%) patients were discharged before 8 pm. Two patients (0.4 %) were re-admitted to the hospital due to abdominal pain. Five patients developed umbilical port site infection (1%). A total of 443 patients were satisfied (97%), while 14 (3%) were unsatisfied. There was no mortality or intra-abdominal septic collection. Conclusion: Day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe and feasible with optimal patient selection, education, and planned postoperative antiemetic and analgesia management.
Quantum Key Distribution with Classical Bob

Secure key distribution among two remote parties is impossible when both are classical, unless some unproven (and arguably unrealistic) computation-complexity assumptions are made, such as the difficulty of factorizing large numbers. On the other hand, a secure key distribution is possible when both parties are quantum. What is possible when only one party (Alice) is quantum, yet the other (Bob) has only classical capabilities? We present two protocols with this constraint, and prove their robustness against attacks: we prove that any attempt of an adversary to obtain information (and even a tiny amount of information) necessarily induces some errors that the legitimate users could notice.
How pregnant African American women view pregnancy weight gain.

OBJECTIVE To gain insight into how low-income, pregnant African American women viewed their weight gain while pregnant and how they managed their weight during pregnancy. DESIGN Descriptive study using three focus groups. SETTING Women were recruited from urban prenatal care sites and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) services in a medium-sized urban northeastern city. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-six adult, low-income, pregnant African American women, age 18 to 39; the majority were within the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. METHODS Three focus groups were conducted utilizing open-ended questions related to pregnancy weight gain. Content analysis was used to analyze the verbatim transcripts. Analysis focused on meaning, intention, and context. Groups were compared and contrasted at the within and between group levels to identify themes. RESULTS Four themes were identified that provided insight into how women viewed their pregnancy weight gain and managed weight gain during pregnancy: (a) pregnancy weight gain: no matter how much means a healthy baby; (b) weight retention: it happens; (c) there is a limit: weight gain impact on appearance; and (d) watching and waiting: plans for controlling weight. CONCLUSION Low-income African American women, though cognizant of the likelihood of retention of weight following pregnancy, are not focused on limiting their gestational weight gain. The cultural acceptance of a larger body size along with the belief that gaining more weight is indicative of a healthy infant present challenges for interventions to limit excessive gestational weight gain.
Heterogeneous structure fusion for Target Recognition in infrared imagery

We study Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) in infrared (IR) imagery from the perspective of feature fusion. The key to feature fusion is to take advantage of the discriminative and complementary information from different feature sets, which can be represented as internal (within each feature set) or external structures (across different feature sets). Traditional approaches tend to preserve either internal or external structures via certain feature projection. Some early attempts consider both structures implicitly or indirectly without revealing their relative importance and relevance. We propose a new unsupervised heterogeneous structure fusion (HSF) algorithm that is able to jointly optimize two kinds of structures explicitly and directly via a unified feature projection. The objective function of HSF integrates two feature structures in a closed form which can be optimized alternately via linear programming and eigenvector methods. The HSF solution provides not only the optimal feature projection but also the weight coefficients that encode the relative importance between two kinds of structures and among multiple feature sets. The experimental results on the COMANCHE IR dataset demonstrate that HSF outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
Inferring Genetic Networks and Identifying Compound Mode of Action via Expression Profiling

The complexity of cellular gene, protein, and metabolite networks can hinder attempts to elucidate their structure and function. To address this problem, we used systematic transcriptional perturbations to construct a first-order model of regulatory interactions in a nine-gene subnetwork of the SOS pathway in Escherichia coli. The model correctly identified the major regulatory genes and the transcriptional targets of mitomycin C activity in the subnetwork. This approach, which is experimentally and computationally scalable, provides a framework for elucidating the functional properties of genetic networks and identifying molecular targets of pharmacological compounds.
Maternal Response to Father-Daughter Incest: Experiences of Mothers Following Disclosure

This study explored the impact of the disclosure of sexual abuse of the daughter by the father or father figure on the mother. Data were collected from seven mothers aged between 31 and 48 years whose daughters had a history of sexual abuse by the biological father, stepfather or live-in boyfriend. The children's ages ranged between 5 and 11 years with disclosure having taken place in the last two years before data collection. Data were collected using an interview schedule. The results obtained from the thematic content analysis indicate that the mothers were traumatized by the disclosure of the sexual abuse. The most prevalent symptoms were anger, anxiety, guilty, depression, insomnia, headache and fatigue. It is recommended that mothers be provided with psychological intervention in order to assist them deal with the trauma associated with the disclosure of the father-daughter incest.
How Emotional Labor Influences Worker Pride, Job Satisfaction, and Burnout

Emotional labor—that is, work that requires public employees to be emotionally engaged with citizens—is an emerging issue on the performance front. By examining a state agency whose primary goal is to resolve consumer complaints, this paper analyzes the conditions under which emotional labor influences three work outcomes that affect performance: job satisfaction, pride in work, and burnout. Results indicate that the performance of emotional labor is self-motivating and contributes to pride in work and to job satisfaction, just as it does in more emotionally intense jobs such as emergency services and law enforcement. We conclude that managing affect is central to program success whenever workers must interact with citizens, regardless of the emotional intensity of the work.
Acute splenic responses in patients with ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage

Animal models provide evidence of spleen mediated post-stroke activation of the peripheral immune system. Translation of these findings to stroke patients requires estimation of pre-stroke spleen volume along with quantification of its day-to-day variation. We enrolled a cohort of 158 healthy volunteers and measured their spleen volume over the course of five consecutive days. We also enrolled a concurrent cohort of 158 stroke patients, measured initial spleen volume within 24 h of stroke symptom onset followed by daily assessments. Blood samples for cytokine analysis were collected from a subset of patients. Using data from healthy volunteers, we fit longitudinal quantile regression models to construct gender and body surface area based normograms of spleen volume. We quantified day-to-day variation and defined splenic contraction. Based on our criteria, approximately 40% of stroke patients experienced substantial post-stroke reduction in splenic volume. African Americans, older patients, and patients with past history of stroke have significantly higher odds of post-stroke splenic contraction. All measured cytokine levels were elevated in patients with splenic contraction, with significant differences for interferon gamma, interleukin 6, 10, 12, and 13. Our work provides reference standards for further work, validation of pre-clinical findings, and characterization of patients with post-stroke splenic contraction.
What the face reveals : basic and applied studies of spontaneous expression using the facial action coding system (FACS)

Foreword Introduction The study of spontaneous facial expression in psychology I: BASIC RESEARCH ON EMOTION 1. Is the startle reaction an emotion? 2. The asymmetry of facial actions is inconsisten with models of hemispheric specialization 3. Coherence between expressive and experiential systmes in emotion 4. Will the real relationship between facial expression and affective experience please stand up: The case of exhilaration 5. Extraversion, alcohol, and enjoyment 6. Signs of appeasement: Evidence for the distinct displays of embarrassment, amusement, and shame 7. Genuine, suppressed, and faked facial behavior during exacerbation of chronic low back pain 8. The consistency of facial expressions of pain: a comparison across modalities 9. Smiles when lying 10. Behavioral markers and recognizability of the smile of enjoyment 11. Components and recognition of facial expression in the communication of emotion by actors 12. Differentiating emotion elicited and deliberate emotional facial expressions 13. Japanese and American infants' responses to arm restraint 14. Differential facial responses to four basic tests in newborns II: APPLIED RESEARCH 15. Facial expressions in affective disorders 16. Emotional experience and epxression in schizophrenia and depression 17. Interaction regulations used by schizophrenic and psychosomatic patients: Studies on facial behavior in dyadic interactions 18. Nonverbal expression of psychological states in psychiatric patients 19. Depression and suicide faces 20. Prototypical affective microsequences in psychotherapeutic interaction 21. Facial expressions of emotion and psychopathology in adolescent boys 22. Type A behavior pattern: Facial behavior and speech components Conclusion What we have learned by measuring the face Index
Angiogenesis: An Adaptive Dynamic Biological Patterning Problem

Formation of functionally adequate vascular networks by angiogenesis presents a problem in biological patterning. Generated without predetermined spatial patterns, networks must develop hierarchical tree-like structures for efficient convective transport over large distances, combined with dense space-filling meshes for short diffusion distances to every point in the tissue. Moreover, networks must be capable of restructuring in response to changing functional demands without interruption of blood flow. Here, theoretical simulations based on experimental data are used to demonstrate that this patterning problem can be solved through over-abundant stochastic generation of vessels in response to a growth factor generated in hypoxic tissue regions, in parallel with refinement by structural adaptation and pruning. Essential biological mechanisms for generation of adequate and efficient vascular patterns are identified and impairments in vascular properties resulting from defects in these mechanisms are predicted. The results provide a framework for understanding vascular network formation in normal or pathological conditions and for predicting effects of therapies targeting angiogenesis.
Economic evaluations of child and adolescent mental health interventions : a systematic review

BACKGROUND : The need has grown over recent years for economic information on the impacts of child and adolescent mental helath problems and the cost-effectiveness of interventions. METHODS : A range of electronic databases were searched using a predefined search strategy. To identify economic studies which focused on services, pharmacological interventions and other treatments for children and adolescents with a diagnosed mental health problem or identified as at risk of mental illness. Published studies were included in the review if they assessed both costs and outcomes, with cost-effectiveness being the primary interest. Articles meeting the criteria for inclusion were assessed for quality. RESULTS : Behavioural disorders have been given relatively large attention in economic evaluations of child and adolescent mental health. These studies tentatively suggest child behavioural gains and parent satisfaction from parent and child training programmes, however the cost effectiveness of the location of delivery for behvaioural therapies is less clear. In general the quality of economic evaluations was limited by small sample sizes, a narrow conceptualisation of costs, narrow perspectives and limited statistical and econometric methods. CONCLUSIONS : Economic evaluations in the field of child and adolescent mental health services are few in number and generally poor in quality, although the number of studies being undertaken is now rising relatively quickly.
The contextual determinants of sexually transmissible infections among street‐involved youth in North America

Young people living on the urban street are at a significantly increased risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Much research examining the epidemiological basis for their heightened susceptibility has concentrated on the individual behaviours and characteristics associated with acquiring these infections. However, contextual factors, including the social, structural and environmental forces that influence sexual risk behaviour, are increasingly found to play an important role in shaping the transmission dynamics of HIV and STIs within these marginalised populations. This paper reviews research describing the individual and contextual factors that have been shown to influence street youth sexual behaviour and provides an analysis of the potential impact of such factors on HIV and STI transmission. In order to implement effective sexual health programmes for street‐involved young people, innovative programmes are required that take into account the unique social and structural context of youth homelessness. Interventions to reduce the elevated prevalence and incidence of HIV and STIs among this population must explicitly target multi‐level factors influencing the transmission dynamics of these diseases.
Filipinos and the Myth of Model Minority in Hawai'i

Abstract Despite tremendous heterogeneity in culture, native language, values, socioeconomic status and a steadily growing presence in the United States, Asian Americans are viewed as a monolithic group under the model minority stereotype. Using the focus group approach with youth, young professionals, key/community leaders, and parent participants, the authors determined that in reference to Filipino Americans living in the diverse ethnic and cultural landscape of Hawai'i, the model minority label does not apply. Implications for policy, practice, and further research are discussed.