Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The domestic resource cost concept: Theory and an empirical application to the case of Spain

The problem of how to make an optimum use of a country's limited productive resources is often a crucial one to the policy makers in less developed countries (LDCs). Not surprisingly, therefore, the various methods of cost-benefit analysis have attracted much attention among professional economists and are finding a wide spread application in evaluating the social profitability of investment projects and in the planning decision-making process as well. Relatively less attention has been paid to yet another criterion of project appraisal in a developing country that has been developed independently of social cost benefit analysis - the so called domestic resource cost (DRC) approach to project appraisals. This approach is properly regarded as the application of the propositions of allocation theory when the project, or the industry in question, produces (or saves) foreign exchange. The DRC concept compares the opportunity costs of domestic resources (primary factors such as labour, capital, land) conmitted to the production of final goods with prices at which these goods can be exported or imported - the latter prices (the foreign exchange gained or saved) being considered as the ensuing benefits from production. The rationale for using the foreign exchange gained (through exports) or saved (through imports) as a standard of reference is that foreign exchange is relatively, and often critically, scarce in many developing countries.
The Effect on Tobacco Consumption of Advertising Bans in OECD Countries

Data on annual tobacco consumption per adult, and real price, in 22 out of the 24 OECD countries for the 27 years from 1964 to 1990 are presented in this paper. Four hundred and fourteen of the 594 figures are based on private final consumption expenditure on tobacco in current and constant prices submitted by national governments' statistical offices and published in OECD National Accounts. For countries and years where the OECD has not published this data, sources from each country have been used to complete the data set.By 1990, six out of the 22 countries had implemented a ban on all forms of tobacco advertising. Two simple analyses of the consumption data show no negative effect on consumption. A regression equation explaining consumption in all countries over all years, taking into account price, the changing age profile of each country, long-term trends, and any advertising ban, is reported. This indicates that the average effect on per capita tobacco consumption of advertising bans has been a smal.
High Density Lipoprotein Composition in Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Although atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death in insulin-dependent diabetics, plasma levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (an independent “negative” risk factor for ASCVD) have been reported to be normal or high. To test whether alterations in HDL composition might increase potential risk of insulin-dependent diabetics to ASCVD, their major constituent apolipoproteins, A-I and A-II, were measured and compared with levels in controls. HDL cholesterol levels were slightly higher (P = NS) in diabetics than in controls. The HDL cholesterol/LDL cholesterol ratio (an inverse index of relative risk of developing ASCVD) was significantly higher in diabetic men than in controls (P < 0.02). HDL composition differed markedly in diabetics and controls: the apolipoprotein A-I/A-II ratio was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in both diabetic men and women (diabetic men—4.1 ± 0.5, mean ± SD, controls 3.6 ± 0.4; diabetic women—4.6 ± 0.4, controls 3.9 ± 0.5). Subsequent analysis of plasma from four patients by analytic ultracentrifugation demonstrated a high correlation (r = 0.993, P < 0.01) between the apolipoprotein A-I/A-II ratio and HDL2, the cholesterol-rich lighter subclass of HDL thought to be the group of particles involved in reduced risk of ASCVD. Therefore, the alteration of HDL composition in insulin-dependent diabetics appears similar to that associated with reduced risk in nondiabetics. Thus, whether a genetic or acquired abnormality, the high apolipoprotein A-I/A-II ratio in insulin-dependent diabetics does not appear to counteract their increased risk Of developing ASCVD.
Police and the institution of corruption in Nigeria

This paper explores the nexus between the police and corruption in Nigeria. Based on an empirical study of the role of the police utilising Lagos State as a case study, it was observed that corrupt practices in the police force are not a one-off event, rather they constitute a web of structural and accentuating factors, which are analysed within the political, economic, social, and cultural milieu. These factors are deep-seated and have worsened the means and methods used by police officers in perpetuating corruption. However, in spite of this phenomenon, academic writings on the phenomenon in Nigeria have remained scanty; hence, policy recommendations for tackling it are inadequate. Therefore, a study of this nature is not only timely but urgent. The negative implications of corruption by the police for security of citizens and national development cannot be overemphasised. Therefore, combating this phenomenon will necessitate a holistic approach that transcends mere income improvement.
Joint User and Relay Selection for Cooperative NOMA Networks

This paper investigates the joint user and relay selection algorithm for cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access networks, where multiple users transmit messages to two destinations by utilizing multiple amplify-and-forward relays. To improve the outage performance of system, an optimal selection criterion is proposed at the user-relay pairs. We derive the closed-form analytical expressions on the outage probability, as well as the asymptotic expressions for large transmission power. Based on the derived analytical expressions, the effect of the number of relays and the target data rate on the outage performance is revealed. Results indicate that when the target data rate becomes small enough, the diversity order of the outage probability equals to the number of relays, while the target data rate grows without bound, the outage probability achieves one.
Antiribonuclease H2 antibodies are an immune biomarker for systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract We previously reported that autoantibodies against the proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein (PCNA)-binding protein chromatin assembly factor-1 (CAF-1) are specifically found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). PCNA and its complex constituents elicit autoimmune responses in patients with SLE, suggesting that autoantibody diversification likely occurs owing to epitope spreading. Therefore, we sought to clarify whether patients with SLE exhibit an autoimmune response to Ribonuclease H2 (RNase H2), another PCNA-binding protein that regulates cell division. As results, RNase H2 autoantibodies were detected in the sera of 33.9% (19/56) of SLE patients, which was significantly higher than that observed in sera from other patients with systemic autoimmune diseases (polymyositis/dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis, Sjogren’s syndrome, mixed connective tissue disease and rheumatoid arthritis) and healthy controls. Regression analysis also showed that serum anti-RNase H2 levels were strongly correlated to that of CAF-1 in SLE patients. Our data support the use of RNase H2 autoantibodies as a serum biomarker for SLE diagnosis. Moreover, the strong correlation observed between RNase H2 and CAF-1 suggests that intermolecular epitope spreading may play a critical role in autoantibody production and diversification in SLE.
Stock market trend prediction based on neural networks, multiresolution analysis and dynamical reconstruction

It is well known that the stock market, viewed as a complex, open, and nonlinear dynamical system, is affected simultaneously by many factors, such as international environment, government policies, political situation, economic situation, the public psychology over some events, some rumors, and so on, which intrinsically influence each other and make the relationships very complicated. Some of these have long influences on the market, while others have short influences on it. The arguments of synergetics, cooperation and competition among the state variables led to the case in which the system is governed by only a few slow variables. But we have no way to exactly know which and how the states govern the evolution of the system. All that we have available is the observable generated by the states, time series (index price series) from the system, which carries the information on the system of interest. How can we understand the dynamics of the system from the observable, say, the evolution of the system? We reconstruct the attractor of stock market from its stock index series with respect to delay embedding theorem (F. Takens, 1981). The attractor can then be fully unfolded in our reconstructed phase space without trajectory intersections, getting a diffeomorphic copy of the original attractor. It is suffice to say that the evolution in reconstructed phase space faithfully images, on the whole, the evolution in the original phase space, consequently laying a theoretical foundation for predicting stock index series.
Diversity in Genetic In Vivo Methods for Protein-Protein Interaction Studies: from the Yeast Two-Hybrid System to the Mammalian Split-Luciferase System

SUMMARY The yeast two-hybrid system pioneered the field of in vivo protein-protein interaction methods and undisputedly gave rise to a palette of ingenious techniques that are constantly pushing further the limits of the original method. Sensitivity and selectivity have improved because of various technical tricks and experimental designs. Here we present an exhaustive overview of the genetic approaches available to study in vivo binary protein interactions, based on two-hybrid and protein fragment complementation assays. These methods have been engineered and employed successfully in microorganisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli, but also in higher eukaryotes. From single binary pairwise interactions to whole-genome interactome mapping, the self-reassembly concept has been employed widely. Innovative studies report the use of proteins such as ubiquitin, dihydrofolate reductase, and adenylate cyclase as reconstituted reporters. Protein fragment complementation assays have extended the possibilities in protein-protein interaction studies, with technologies that enable spatial and temporal analyses of protein complexes. In addition, one-hybrid and three-hybrid systems have broadened the types of interactions that can be studied and the findings that can be obtained. Applications of these technologies are discussed, together with the advantages and limitations of the available assays.
Leadership for inclusion: conceptualising and enacting inclusion in integrated schools in a troubled society

Inclusion is increasingly understood as an educational reform that responds to the diversity of all learners, challenging the marginalisation, exclusion and underachievement which may result from all forms of ‘difference’. Leadership for inclusion is conceptualised here as driving a constant struggle to create shared meanings of inclusion and to build collaborative practice, an effort that needs to be rooted in critical practice lest it risks replicating existing patterns of disadvantage. In response to calls for further research that challenge how school leaders conceptualise inclusion and for research that investigates how leaders enact their understandings of inclusion, this paper aims to increase our understanding of the extent to which leadership vision can map onto a school’s culture and of the organisational conditions in schools that drive responses to diversity. We investigate the enactment of leadership for inclusion in the troubled context of Northern Ireland by looking at two schools that primarily aim to integrate Catholic and Protestant children but which are also sites for a range of other dimensions of student ‘difference’ to come together. Whilst the two schools express differing visions of the integration of Catholics and Protestants, leadership vision of inclusion is enacted by members of the school community with a consensus around this vision brought about by formal and informal aspects of school culture. Multiple and intersecting spheres of difference stimulate a concerted educational response in both schools, but integration remains the primary focus. In this divided society, religious diversity poses a significant challenge to inclusion and further support is required from leaders to enable teachers to break through cultural restraints.
Ownership Structure , Limits to Arbitrage and Stock Returns: Evidence from Equity Lending Markets

We examine how institutional ownership structure gives rise to limits to arbitrage through its impact on short-sale constraints. Stocks with lower, more concentrated, short-term, and less passive ownership exhibit lower lending supply, higher costs of shorting, and higher arbitrage risk. These constraints limit the ability of arbitrageurs to take short positions and delay the correction of mispricing. Stocks with more concentrated ownership exhibit smaller announcement day reactions, larger post-earnings announcement drift, and an additional negative abnormal return of 0.47% in the week following a positive shorting demand shock.Received June 16, 2014; accepted June 8, 2016 by Editor Laura Starks.
The incC Sequence Is Required for R27 Plasmid Stability

IncHI plasmids account for multiple antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella and other enterobacterial genera. These plasmids are generally very stable in their bacterial hosts. R27 is the archetype of IncHI1 plasmids. A high percentage of the R27-encoded open reading frames (ORFs) (66.7%) do not show similarity to any known ORFs. We performed a deletion analysis of all non-essential R27 DNA sequences to search for hitherto non-identified plasmid functions that might be required for plasmid stability. We report the identification of a short DNA sequence (incC) that is essential for R27 stability. That region contains several repeats (incC repeats), belongs to one of the three-plasmid replicons (R27 FIA-like) and is targeted by the R27 E protein. Deletion of the incC sequence drastically reduces R27 stability both in Escherichia coli and in Salmonella, the effect being more pronounced in this latter species. Interfering with incC–E protein interaction must lead to a reduced IncHI1 plasmid stability, and may represent a new approach to combat antimicrobial resistance.
Networking Modes and Performance in Israel's Nonprofit Organizations

The present article examines the relationship between networking modes and performance for 138 nonprofits in Israel. We draw upon the bridging and bonding concepts and social exchange theory and introduce the sharing and consulting networking modes to predict performance in terms of organizational growth in resources. We suggest that differences in networking modes (1) reflect variations in organizational size and age and (2) affect organizational growth in resources. We show that (1) the consulting networking mode is more frequent among managers of smaller and younger nonprofits, (2) sharing is characteristic of managers in older and larger nonprofits, (3) sharing has a strong effect on organizational growth, and (4) the sharing and consulting modes are better predictors of organizational performance than those of bonding and bridging. The results indicate that nonprofit growth in organizational resources is possible with networking when managers aspire to higher involvement in the networking process due to the scope and extent of goals.
LDPE composite materials obtained from building blocks containing standardized graphene interfaces

A proper and controlled filler dispersion is the goal of each compound, and nanodielectrics are not an exception for this purpose. A method to avoid agglomeration and ensure a standard particle dimension is presented in this work. Graphene oxide has been dispersed into a thermoplastic polymer starting from standardized building-blocks made of polymeric matrix with a single controlled nano-interface of graphene oxide inside. Electrical properties, such as space charge accumulation, permittivity and conductivity, of the nanodielectric have been investigated and a hypothesis on charge carrier motion inside is proposed.
From Golden Age to Golden Age: Australia's Great Leap Forward?

The twenty-five years after WW 2 witnessed strong labour market institutions and beneficial labour market outcomes - high wage growth and integration of low-skilled immigrants. Then came the macro shocks of the mid 1970s. Labour market outcomes deteriorated as full-time employment population ratios fell, particularly among males; unemployment and welfare use increased; and real wages grew slowly. The golden age passed. In response, successive governments have increasingly begun to dismantle the institutional framework. We address this transition within a simple long run graphical framework to help us marshal facts and arguments and to discuss the likely impact of institutional reform.
Value, Survival, and the Evolution of Firm Organizational Structure

We examine corporate product diversification as a dynamic process. Consistent with prior research, we find that the average diversification discount is about 8% when using the standard value-multiple approach. However, we find that a significant portion of the diversification discount arises from benchmark comparisons of value ratios of mature firms with those of very young firms that are more likely to have high value multiples. The magnitude of the diversification discount falls by 15% to 30% when we control for firm age. We also show that diversification reduces the mortality rate of firms, and we provide evidence that mature firms pursue diversification strategies partly as a means to exit stagnant business segments for industries that are more highly valued. Copyright (c) 2007 Financial Management Association International.
Bound context features are integrated at encoding

In the present research, we tested the predictions of different accounts of context binding in “remember” judgements. Context binding, defined as the stochastically dependent retrieval of two different context features, has previously been suggested to be due to mechanisms operating at retrieval either by cueing among context features (Meiser & Bröder, 2002) or by cueing between item and context features (Starns & Hicks, 2008). These accounts, however, do not make specific assumptions regarding the underlying memory representation supporting context binding. By contrast, here we propose that a binding process at encoding integrates item and context information into a coherent memory representation. Varying the presentation of the context features during encoding either with both context features presented simultaneously or with features spread over two encoding episodes, data from two experiments corroborate the notion that binding is produced at encoding. This result suggests that a binding process integrating the context features at encoding is necessary for stochastically dependent retrieval of context features.
Member perceptions of ESG investing through superannuation

Purpose – Environmental, social and governance (ESG) risks have the potential to negatively impact financial returns, yet few superannuation funds integrate these considerations into their investment selection. The Cooper Review (2010) identified a lack of member demand as a key impediment to ESG investing by superannuation funds. Given this problem, the aim of this study is to explore superannuation fund members’ perceptions of ESG investing by their funds in order to identify reasons for the lack of demand. Design/methodology/approach – An on-line survey was developed and distributed to assess possible reasons why members do not select ESG investment options. In total, 549 Australian superannuation fund members responded to the survey. Findings – Results indicate that the majority of superannuation fund members are interested in ESG investing. Members lack awareness of their fund’s approach to ESG investing, and they do not perceive there to be a financial penalty from ESG investing. Finally, members sh.
Primary and metastatic lung tumors in the pediatric population: a review and 25-year experience at a large children's hospital.

CONTEXT Primary lung neoplasms are rare in children, but they comprise a broad and interesting spectrum of lesions, some of which are familiar from other tissue sites, and some of which are unique to the pediatric lung. OBJECTIVE To determine the relative incidence of primary and metastatic lung tumors in children and adolescents through a single-institution case series, to compare these data to reports in the medical literature, to discuss the clinical and pathologic features of primary tumors of the tracheobronchial tree and lung parenchyma in children, and to provide recommendations for handling pediatric lung cysts and tumors. DATA SOURCES A 25-year single institutional experience with pediatric lung tumors, based on surgical biopsies and resections at Texas Children's Hospital from June 1982 to May 2007, an additional 40 lung tumors referred in consultation, and a review of the medical literature. CONCLUSIONS A total of 204 pediatric lung tumors were diagnosed at our institution, including 20 primary benign lesions (9.8%), 14 primary malignant lesions (6.9%), and 170 secondary lung lesions (83.3%). The ratio of primary benign to primary malignant to secondary malignant neoplasms is 1.4:1:11.6. The common types of lung cancer in adults are exceptional occurrences in the pediatric population. The most common primary lung malignancies in children are pleuropulmonary blastoma and carcinoid tumor. Other primary pediatric lung tumors include congenital peribronchial myofibroblastic tumor and other myofibroblastic lesions, sarcomas, carcinoma, and mesothelioma. Children with primary or acquired immunodeficiency are at risk for Epstein-Barr virus-related smooth muscle tumors, lymphoma, and lymphoproliferative disorders. Metastatic lung tumors are relatively common in children and also comprise a spectrum of neoplasia distinct from the adult population.
Agrifood cluster and transfer of technology in the Spanish vegetables exporting sector: the role of multinational enterprises.

Several studies have analyzed the spread of technology by the multinational enterprises. ��e conclusions obtained are unsettling. Multinationals benefit more from the local branches in terms of knowledge than what they contribute. in the agro-industrial business cluster, multinationals are present as supply companies (e.g. seeds and machinery). however, they also play an important role because, in most cases, they constitute the company demand (retail distribution chain). in this context, this study intends to verify whether multinationals, by means of these two forms of interaction, encourage the use of generic technology, acting as a vector (carrier) that transfers (diffuses) technology throughout their branch networks. in this sense, we analyze the role of multinational companies within the cluster comprised of production and marketing companies, as well as the auxiliary industry for agriculture in the Almeria province (Spain).