Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lessons Learned in Exploring the Leap Motion(TM) Sensor for Gesture-based Instrument Design

The Leap Motion™ sensor offers fine-grained gesture-recognition and hand tracking. Since its release, there have been several uses of the device for instrument design, musical interaction and expression control, documented through online video. However, there has been little formal documented investigation of the potential and challenges of the platform in this context. This paper presents lessons learned from work-in-progress on the development of musical instruments and control applications using the Leap Motion™ sensor. Two instruments are presented: Air-Keys and Air-Pads and the potential for augmentation of a traditional keyboard is explored. The results show that the platform is promising in this context but requires various challenges, both physical and logical, to be overcome.
Mucosal Delivery of ACNPV Baculovirus Driving Expression of the Gal-Lectin LC3 Fragment Confers Protection against Amoebic Liver Abscess in Hamster

Mucosal vaccination against amoebiasis using the Gal-lectin of E. histolytica has been proposed as one of the leading strategies for controlling this human disease. However, most mucosal adjuvants used are toxic and the identification of safe delivery systems is necessary. Here, we evaluate the potential of a recombinant Autographa californica baculovirus driving the expression of the LC3 fragment of the Gal-lectin to confer protection against amoebic liver abscess (ALA) in hamsters following oral or nasal immunization. Hamsters immunized by oral route showed complete absence (57.9%) or partial development (21%) of ALA, resulting in some protection in 78.9% of animals when compared with the wild type baculovirus and sham control groups. In contrast, nasal immunization conferred only 21% of protection efficacy. Levels of ALA protection showed lineal correlation with the development of an anti-amoebic cellular immune response evaluated in spleens, but not with the induction of seric IgG anti-amoeba antibodies. These results suggest that baculovirus driving the expression of E. histolytica vaccine candidate antigens is useful for inducing protective cellular and humoral immune responses following oral immunization, and therefore it could be used as a system for mucosal delivery of an anti-amoebic vaccine.
Financing Indonesia's Ageing Population

Japan has the highest percentage of older persons in the world. In 2010 its older persons (aged 65 and over) constituted a large percentage (22.7 per cent) of the total population, followed by Germany (about 20.4 per cent), and Italy (about 20.4 per cent). Clearly, in these countries, the ageing population (the process of a rising number and percentage of older persons) has created a tremendous financial burden for the society and government. Though the percentage of older persons is not as high as in these countries, Singapore already feels the pressure of a rapidly rising number and percentage of older persons, who formed 9 per cent of the total resident population in 2010. Older persons contributed 11.1 per cent of the total population in South Korea and 12.7 per cent in Hong Kong. Many developing countries, including Indonesia, may not have faced the severe challenges of an ageing population such as in those countries cited above. Nevertheless, developing countries are confronted with a different set of challenges caused by their ageing population. Indonesia has experienced a relatively fast decline in its fertility rate. Though its fertility has not been as low as in other countries, Indonesia has achieved replacement level fertility in 2010.2 Its older persons (measured by those aged 60 years old and over) were 7.6 per cent of the population in 2010, much lower than 14.1 per cent in Singapore in the same year, if Singapore’s older persons are measured as those aged 60 years old and over.3 The percentage may look small, but it will rise to about 13.2 per cent in 2025, close to the condition in Singapore in 2010. Furthermore, in terms of size, Indonesia has 18 million older persons in 2010, very much larger than 0.5 million older persons in Singapore. In 2010
Reciprocal Delegated Monitoring in the Japanese Main Bank System

Abstract This paper characterizes the Japanese main bank system as an arrangement for facilitating reciprocal delegation of monitoring among a set of banks. Reciprocal delegated monitoring allows banks and firms to remain diversified while ensuring that monitoring takes place without duplication, but when monitoring is unobservable, it induces a principal-agent relationship between non-main banks and the main bank. The convention that the main bank bears a disproportionately large share of bank losses is viewed as being part of a contractual arrangement among banks designed to give the main bank adequate incentives to carry out monitoring on behalf of lending banks as a whole. J. Japan. Int. Econ., March 1994, 8 (1), pp. 1–21. Faculty of Economics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan.
Relational Frame Theory and Industrial/Organizational Psychology

Summary The current paper argues that a Relational Frame Theory account of complex human behavior including an analysis of relational frames, relational networks, rules and the concept of self can provide a potentially powerful new perspective on phenomena in the applied science of industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology. In this article, we first provide a brief description of I/O psychology itself. We then expand on the core features of RFT described earlier in this collection, including how it addresses rule-governance. Finally we illustrate, using relevant examples, the ways in which these concepts can be used to understand behavior in the I/O arena.
Experiment and Simulation of Electric Locomotive in Underground Coal Mine

In order to study the interference properties of underground electric locomotive, this paper put forward a method of moment model to analysis electromagnetic compatibility in roadway. The author makes use of FEKO software to simulate the time-varying and non-linear characteristics, the simulation results are in good agreement with experimental data. In the end it can be concluded that this model has practical significance to estimate electromagnetic interference in coal mine.
Sustainability Leadership: Linking Theory and Practice

The paper aims to create a clearer understanding of the nature of sustainability leadership and how it can contribute to transformational change. It does this by locating sustainability within the leadership literature, defining the concept of sustainability leadership, and presenting a model of sustainability leadership in practice. The model was tested with a sample of senior business leaders and refined in line with their feedback. The model presents insights on sustainability leadership in three areas: context, individual characteristics, and actions. The model is illustrated using quotes from senior business leaders that are focused on sustainability in their organizations.
One hundred ways to process time, frequency, rate and scale in the central auditory system: a pattern-recognition meta-analysis

The mammalian auditory system extracts features from the acoustic environment based on the responses of spatially distributed sets of neurons in the subcortical and cortical auditory structures. The characteristic responses of these neurons (linearly approximated by their spectro-temporal receptive fields, or STRFs) suggest that auditory representations are formed, as early as in the inferior colliculi, on the basis of a time, frequency, rate (temporal modulations) and scale (spectral modulations) analysis of sound. However, how these four dimensions are integrated and processed in subsequent neural networks remains unclear. In this work, we present a new methodology to generate computational insights into the functional organization of such processes. We first propose a systematic framework to explore more than a hundred different computational strategies proposed in the literature to process the output of a generic STRF model. We then evaluate these strategies on their ability to compute perceptual distances between pairs of environmental sounds. Finally, we conduct a meta-analysis of the dataset of all these algorithms' accuracies to examine whether certain combinations of dimensions and certain ways to treat such dimensions are, on the whole, more computationally effective than others. We present an application of this methodology to a dataset of ten environmental sound categories, in which the analysis reveals that (1) models are most effective when they organize STRF data into frequency groupings—which is consistent with the known tonotopic organization of receptive fields in auditory structures -, and that (2) models that treat STRF data as time series are no more effective than models that rely only on summary statistics along time—which corroborates recent experimental evidence on texture discrimination by summary statistics.
UNCOVERED SETS

This paper covers the theory of the uncovered set used in the literatures on tournaments and spatial voting. I discern three main extant definitions, and I introduce two new concepts that bound existing sets from above and below: the deep uncovered set and the shallow uncovered set. In a general topological setting, I provide relationships to other solutions and give results on existence and external stability for all of the covering concepts, and I establish continuity properties of the two new uncovered sets. Of note, I characterize each of the uncovered sets in terms of a decomposition into choices from externally stable sets; I define the minimal generalized covering solution, a nonempty refinement of the deep uncovered set that employs both of the new relations; and I define the acyclic Banks set, a nonempty generalization of the Banks set.
Harnessing the CRF Complexity with Domain-Specific Constraints. The Case of Morphosyntactic Tagging of a Highly Inflected Language

A BSTRACT We describe a domain-speciﬁc method of adapting conditional random ﬁelds (CRFs) to mor-phosyntactic tagging of highly-inﬂectional languages. The solution involves extending CRFs with additional, position-wise restrictions on the output domain, which are used to impose consistency between the modeled label sequences and morphosyntactic analysis results both at the level of decoding and, more importantly, in parameters estimation process. We decompose the problem of morphosyntactic disambiguation into two consecutive stages of the context-sensitive morphosyntactic guessing and the disambiguation proper. The division helps in designing well-adjusted, CRF-based methods for both tasks, which in combination constitute Concraft, a highly accurate tagging system for the Polish language available under the 2-clause BSD license. Evaluation on the National Corpus of Polish shows that our solution signiﬁcantly outperforms other state-of-the-art taggers for Polish – Pantera, WMBT and WCRFT – especially in terms of the accuracy measured with respect to unknown words.
To Shape the Future: How Labor Market Entry Conditions Affect Individuals' Long-Run Wage Profiles

We study the long-run effects of initial labor market conditions on wages for a large sample of male individuals entering the Austrian labor market between 1978 and 2000. We find a robust negative effect of unfavorable entry conditions on starting wages. This initial effect turns out to be quite persistent and even though wages do catch up later on, large effects on lifetime earnings result. We also show that initial labor market conditions have smaller and less persistent effects for blue-collar workers than for white-collar workers. We further show that some of the long-run adjustment takes place through changes in job-mobility and employment patterns as well as in job tenure. Finally, we find that adjustments at the aggregate level are key to explain wages' adjustment process in the longer run.
Heterogeneity of muscle sizes in the lower limbs of children with cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy (CP) is associated with reduced muscle volumes, but previous studies have reported deficits in only a small number of muscles. The extent of volume deficits across lower limb muscles is not known. This study presents an imaging‐based assessment of muscle volume and length deficits in 35 lower limb muscles.
Banking and Development

This paper reformulates the well known financial development conjecture (FDC) and supplies some new empirical evidence in its favour. The financial development conjecture, namely, that there exist strong feedback effects between real and financial development, is described in this paper by use of the cost of financial intermediation. The theoretical part of the paper describes how specialization of banks can lead to such feedback effects, which work through the cost of financial intermediation. In the empirical part of the paper we use US cross-state data from banks' income statements to show that the cost of banking is negatively related with the level of real economic development.
CORR Insights: How Do Different Anterior Tibial Tendon Transfer Techniques Influence Forefoot and Hindfoot Motion?

T he Ponseti technique is largely accepted today as the preferred and most-commonly used method for the management of idiopathic clubfoot [6, 7]. Although successful in obtaining a satisfactory initial correction, recurrence of deformities is common with this technique, occurring in up to 54% of the feet treated in Ponseti’s original report [6]. Many recurrences happen because of poor compliance with bracing [1]. Dynamic supination of the foot is one of the earliest signs of relapse [3], and is generally caused by weak peronei leading to a muscular imbalance between the invertors and evertors of the foot. If left untreated, this may progress and lead to a stiff deformity. Tibialis anterior tendon transfer (TATT) has been shown to be an effective procedure in restoring muscle balance and correcting this deformity, improve plantar loading, function and satisfaction with low incidence of recurrence [4], yet there is no uniform agreement as to which of the three techniques that have been described—complete transfer through two or three incisions and split transfer—should be used to correct dynamic supination. Furthermore, there is no standardized method to measure the severity of the dynamic supination deformity. Finally, there is also no standard objective method to measure muscular strength in this population of patients, specifically of the peronei. Knutsen and colleagues’ original research on 10 cadavers provide novel findings on the three TATT techniques and recommendations for use depending on the dynamic deformity and weakness of the peronei.
Bus or Rail: An Approach to Explain the Psychological Rail Factor

Many public transport studies have found that potential passengers consider rail based public transport to be superior to bus systems. Why is this? Two studies have been completed in Germany and Switzerland in search of explanations for this so called psychological rail factor. In this article, these two studies are presented and discussed to introduce the schemata approach and to help identify differences of attributions towards rail- and bus-based public transport. The research found a psychological rail factor (i.e., a preference for using rail assuming equal service conditions) of 63 percent for regional train and 75 percent for trams compared to bus services. The rail factor is highly loaded with emotional and social attributions. They account for 20–50 percent of the share in the different schemata for bus, rail, and tram.
Increased depression, diabetes and diabetic complications in Graves' disease patients in Asia.

BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the risk of depression and other cardiovascular comorbidities in Graves' disease (GD) patients in Asia. METHODS The study patients were all newly diagnosed with GD [International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) 242.0] from January 1998 to December 2008. Patients aged <20 years or those with preexisting mental disorder (ICD-9-CM 290-319) were excluded from analyses. Control patients were randomly selected for the non-GD cohort, 1:4 frequency matched to the GD cohort according to sex, age and index year. The same exclusion criteria applied to the GD cohort were applied to the non-GD cohort. The GD cohort contained 4195 patients and the non-GD cohort contained 16 780 patients. RESULTS The GD patients were more likely to have diabetes (8.03% vs. 4.48%, P < 0.0001), hypertension (18.1% vs. 13.5%, P < 0.0001), hyperlipidemia (11.9% vs. 9.09%, P < 0.0001) and coronary artery disease (10.3% vs. 5.86%, P < 0.0001) than the control patients were. The GD patients were also associated with significantly higher risk of depression than the control patients were (hazard ratio = 1.69, 95% confidence interval = 1.45-1.96). CONCLUSION GD and GD treatment are associated with increased risk of depression diabetes and diabetic complications in Asian patients.
Randomized Load Balancing in Finite Regimes

Randomized load balancing is a cost efficient policy for jobscheduling in parallel server queueing systems whereby, with everyincoming job, a central dispatcher randomly polls some servers andselects the one with the smallest queue. By exactly deriving thejobs' delay distribution in such systems, in explicit and closedform, Mitzenmacher [13] proved the so-called 'power-of-two' result, which states that the random polling of only two serversyields an exponential improvement in delay over randomly selectinga single server. Such a fundamental result, however, was obtainedin an asymptotic regime in the total number of servers, and doesdo not necessarily provide accurate estimates for practical finiteregimes with small or moderate number of servers. In this paper weobtain stochastic lower and upper bounds on the jobs' averagedelay in non-asymptotic/finite regimes, by extending ideas foranalyzing the particular case of the Join-the-Shortest-Queue (JSQ) policy. Numerical illustrations indicate not only that the (lower) bounds are remarkably accurate, but also that the asymptoticapproximation can be misleading in scenarios with a small numberof servers, and especially at very high utilizations.
Learning Unified Features from Natural and Programming Languages for Locating Buggy Source Code

Bug reports provide an effective way for end-users to disclose potential bugs hidden in a software system, while automatically locating the potential buggy source code according to a bug report remains a great challenge in software maintenance. Many previous studies treated the source code as natural language by representing both the bug report and source code based on bag-of-words feature representations, and correlate the bug report and source code by measuring similarity in the same lexical feature space. However, these approaches fail to consider the structure information of source code which carries additional semantics beyond the lexical terms. Such information is important in modeling program functionality. In this paper, we propose a novel convolutional neural network NP-CNN, which leverages both lexical and program structure information to learn unified features from natural language and source code in programming language for automatically locating the potential buggy source code according to bug report. Experimental results on widely-used software projects indicate that NP-CNN significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in locating the buggy source files.
Influences of Form and Function on Spatial Relations : Establishing functional and geometric influences on projective prepositions in Swedish

The present work is concerned with projective prepositions, which express the relation between two objects by referring to a direction in three-dimensional space. The projective prepositions have been regarded as expressing simple schematic relations of a geometric nature. A theory of the apprehension of projective relations can account for their meanings when they express strictly geometric relations. However, many studies have shown that the appropriateness of the prepositions also depends on the functional relation between the objects and that a number of functional factors influence the comprehension of English prepositions. This experimental study investigates if the acceptability of the Swedish prepositions over, under, ovanfor and nedanfor are influenced by functional factors as well, and whether acceptability judgments about over and under are more sensitive to functional influences than judgments about ovanfor and nedanfor, as has been shown for the corresponding English prepositions over and under, and above and below, respectively. It also investigates how the shapes and the parts of the related objects influence their functional interaction, and how the acceptability of the prepositions is in consequence influenced by the shapes of the objects. It was found that the theory of apprehension can indeed account for the acceptability of the prepositions when the relation between the objects is strictly geometric. It was further found that acceptability judgments about them are influenced by functional factors in a similar manner to the corresponding English prepositions when the objects are functionally related, although judgments about under and nedanfor are not differentially influenced by these factors. Furthermore, the shapes and the parts of both of the related objects influence acceptability judgments about the prepositions in predictable manners. An extension of the theory of apprehension is suggested which can account for the functional influences indicated in the present study.
Influences of Long-Term Memory-Guided Attention and Stimulus-Guided Attention on Visuospatial Representations within Human Intraparietal Sulcus

Human parietal cortex plays a central role in encoding visuospatial information and multiple visual maps exist within the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), with each hemisphere symmetrically representing contralateral visual space. Two forms of hemispheric asymmetries have been identified in parietal cortex ventrolateral to visuotopic IPS. Key attentional processes are localized to right lateral parietal cortex in the temporoparietal junction and long-term memory (LTM) retrieval processes are localized to the left lateral parietal cortex in the angular gyrus. Here, using fMRI, we investigate how spatial representations of visuotopic IPS are influenced by stimulus-guided visuospatial attention and by LTM-guided visuospatial attention. We replicate prior findings that a hemispheric asymmetry emerges under stimulus-guided attention: in the right hemisphere (RH), visual maps IPS0, IPS1, and IPS2 code attentional targets across the visual field; in the left hemisphere (LH), IPS0-2 codes primarily contralateral targets. We report the novel finding that, under LTM-guided attention, both RH and LH IPS0-2 exhibit bilateral responses and hemispheric symmetry re-emerges. Therefore, we demonstrate that both hemispheres of IPS0-2 are independently capable of dynamically changing spatial coding properties as attentional task demands change. These findings have important implications for understanding visuospatial and memory-retrieval deficits in patients with parietal lobe damage. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The human parietal lobe contains multiple maps of the external world that spatially guide perception, action, and cognition. Maps in each cerebral hemisphere code information from the opposite side of space, not from the same side, and the two hemispheres are symmetric. Paradoxically, damage to specific parietal regions that lack spatial maps can cause patients to ignore half of space (hemispatial neglect syndrome), but only for right (not left) hemisphere damage. Conversely, the left parietal cortex has been linked to retrieval of vivid memories regardless of space. Here, we investigate possible underlying mechanisms in healthy individuals. We demonstrate two forms of dynamic changes in parietal spatial representations: an asymmetric one for stimulus-guided attention and a symmetric one for long-term memory-guided attention.