Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managing Others ’ Reactions in Strategic Network / Alliance Negotiations : Triumph of the Nerds

This paper presents recent reformulations or extensions of strategic negotiation and illustrates their application to network/alliance negotiations via a documentary of the history of the personal computer: “Triumph of the Nerds” (Cringely 1996). Two core concepts are an overarching dual concerns model of strategic (style) choice and the three-pronged formula for changing mindsets during the process. The dual concerns are for the (1) substance of the deal (e.g., price, quality, or negotiator reputation) and (2) parties’ relationship (e.g., their interdependence or working relationship). The dual concerns help a strategic negotiator resolve the negotiator’s basic dilemma: the extent to which they should compete or force change versus jointly problem solve or foster change. Co mpeting or forcing tend to harm or destabilize relationships, while collaborating or fostering normally stabilize or improve them. A critical composite index of the parties’ working relationship comprises respect, trust, and commitment to uphold the deal. Key moderating variables may deflect from the style chosen via the standard dual concerns model. They include negotiator (1) control or influence over organizational decision making, (2) personality, and (3) reward structure, as well as (4) culture, (5) norms of professional conduct, and (6) negotiation dynamics (e.g., individual versus representative). Organizational influence often involves network analysis (Watkins 2002). Where negotiator influence is high, their personality or reward structure can shape negotiations and, of course, others’ reactions (Fisher 2007c ). The three-pronged formula involves (1) demonstrating a performance gap or major problem (to plant the seed of doubt), (2) threatening or actually using a sanction (to play on worst fears), and (3) providing incentives to change (to induce closure) (Fisher 2007a). I illustrate the application of such concepts to managing others’ reactions via Cringely’s (1996) documentary. The two segments concern the crucial strategic negotiations that made Microsoft what it is today and Apple’s proprietary graphical user interface. 1Edward George Fisher is at the University of Alberta: jed.fisher@ualberta.ca. 2 Edward George Fisher
WHEN COERCION BACKFIRES: THE LIMITS OF COERCIVE DIPLOMACY IN IRAN.

Title of Document: WHEN COERCION BACKFIRES: THE LIMITS OF COERCIVE DIPLOMACY IN IRAN. Ebrahim Mohseni-Cheraghlou, Doctor of Philosophy, 2015 Directed By: Professor John D. Steinbruner School of Public Policy Coercive diplomacy is a deceivingly attractive strategy. If it can be made to work, it has the potential of achieving foreign policy objectives with considerably fewer costs. But when adopted in unconducive circumstances, the strategy has the potential to backfire and make peaceful resolution of conflicts more difficult. Since 2002, when the full scope of Iran’s nuclear program and ambitions were revealed to the public, the United States has primarily relied on coercive diplomacy to force Iran to accept limitations and oversight that go beyond the NPT and Iran’s safeguards agreement. This dissertation assesses how Iran’s nuclear policy and program has been affected by US and UNSC sanctions. It argues that not only has coercive diplomacy failed to persuade Iran to accept binding selective constraints on its fuel cycle activities, but it has also triggered a series of reactions that have strengthened Iran’s determination to advance, enhance, and expand its nuclear fuel cycle program. The findings of this dissertation corroborate the conclusions of most other scholars that have studied coercive diplomacy. Indeed, the recurrent failure of coercive diplomacy is rooted in the strategy’s neglect of the reality that national-level decisions are the resultant of the pulling and hauling of various forces within the target state and that in dealing with objectionable policies of states, one must seek to weaken the forces that promote and strengthen those that oppose the objectionable policy. In the case of Iran, sanctions have done the opposite. They have intensified Iranian distrust of the US and the post-war international order and have consequently augmented the forces in Iran that promote and have weakened those that oppose Iran’s nuclear fuel cycle program. Taking the factors that drive and shape Iran’s nuclear policy, this dissertation argues that the proliferation risks of Iran’s nuclear program could be resolved more quickly, reliably, and effectively through arrangements that are based on mutually acknowledged rights and equitable principles than through arrangements based on coercion. WHEN COERCION BACKFIRES: THE LIMITS OF COERCIVE DIPLOMACY IN IRAN
Subfossil Leaves Reveal a New Upland Hardwood Component of the Pre-European Piedmont Landscape, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania

Widespread deforestation, agriculture, and construction of milldams by European settlers greatly influenced valley-bottom stream morphology and riparian vegetation in the northeastern USA. The former broad, tussock-sedge wetlands with small, anastomosing channels were converted into today’s incised, meandering streams with unstable banks that support mostly weedy, invasive vegetation. Vast accumulations of fine-grained “legacy” sediments that blanket the regional valley-bottom Piedmont landscape now are being reworked from stream banks, significantly impairing the ecological health of downstream water bodies, most notably the Chesapeake Bay. However, potential restoration is impaired by lack of direct knowledge of the pre-settlement riparian and upslope floral ecosystems. We studied the subfossil leaf flora of Denlingers Mill, an obsolete (breached) milldam site in southeastern Pennsylvania that exhibits a modern secondary forest growing atop thin soils, above bedrock outcrops immediately adjacent to a modified, incised stream channel. Presumably, an overhanging old-growth forest also existed on this substrate until the early 1700s and was responsible for depositing exceptionally preserved, minimally transported subfossil leaves into hydric soil strata, which immediately underlie post-European settlement legacy sediments. We interpret the eleven identified species of the subfossil assemblage to primarily represent a previously unknown, upland Red Oak-American Beech mixed hardwood forest. Some elements also appear to belong to a valley-margin Red Maple-Black Ash swamp forest, consistent with preliminary data from a nearby site. Thus, our results add significantly to a more complete understanding of the pre-European settlement landscape, especially of the hardwood tree flora. Compared with the modern forest, it is apparent that both lowland and upslope forests in the region have been modified significantly by historical activities. Our study underscores that generally overlooked subfossil leaves can provide important, local, temporally constrained paleoecological data, with much potential value in this case for stream and wetland restoration decisions in the mid-Atlantic region.
A Community Sex Education Program For Parents.

This paper reports on the organization, delivery, and part of the evaluation of a three-year community project in sex education for parents. The proJect was based on the philosophy that parents are the main sex educators of their children, whether they do it well or badly. The aim of the project was to defuse common myths that hinder communication about sexuality in order to help parents become more effective sex educators of their own children. Over 1,000 parents participated in programs offered by 70 community leaders trained through the proJect. Over 80% of the leaders intend to offer additional programs in order to meet the requests of parents. Recommendations for curriculum and structure of such programs are discussed.
ROLE OF TIP CLEARANCE FLOW ON AXIAL COMPRESSOR STABILITY

An examination of the fluid dynamic phenomena that link tip clearance flow to the formation of short length-scale (spike) rotating stall disturbances has been carried out. It is found that the onset of growth in tip clearance blockage characterizes the lowest flow coefficient for which a steady blade passage solution exists. It is also found that this condition leads to the formation of spike disturbances. A scenario and criteria for this tip clearance blockage behavior are proposed based on trailing edge backflow and leading edge spillage to the adjacent blade passage. Both are associated with tip clearance flow and occur below the blade tip. Trailing edge backflow involves tip clearance fluid from adjacent blade passages. The leading edge spillage consists of tip clearance fluid from the local blade passage. These two criteria explain the observed length-scale of spike disturbances. This scenario is consistent with several experimental observations on axial compressor stall inception. The implications of these results on the role of single blade passage computations in stall prediction and on the effectiveness of techniques used to delay stall are also discussed.
A Review of Utilisation of Cutting Force Analysis In Cutting Tool Condition Monitoring

150203-4848-IJET-IJENS © June 2015 IJENS I J E N S Abstract— In machining process, phenomena that can be measured such as cutting force, vibration, acoustic emission, torque, surface finish, sound etc. commonly occurred. Cutting force is very important because it relates to the design of tools, power consumption, vibration, machine design parts, precision parts, and etc. This study presents a review of the utilisation of cutting force analysis in tool condition monitoring (TCM) in machining operations to estimate the tool wear, tool breakage, chatter etc. The suitable of signal processing for analysing cutting force in TCM also discussed. There are two ways of force measurement technologies mainly used today; piezoelectric and strain gauge based sensors. The piezoelectric sensors have several advantages compared to strain gauge and giving a better result in cutting force signals compared to the strain gauge such as low cost, high sensitivity, high mechanical stiffness, excellent repeatability, unidirectional sensitivity and has wide of bandwidth.
Appointment of New Executives and Subsequent SOX 404 Opinion

The chief financial officer (CFO) and the chief executive officer (CEO) of a company play a crucial role in financial reporting process. This paper examines the relation between the appointment of the new executives and the receipt of subsequent initial SOX 404 opinions. Our results show that adverse SOX 404 reports will be more likely at firms that have recently hired a new CFO. This has important implications, from a public interest standpoint, for both investors and auditors. Overall, the paper contributes to the corporate governance and internal control weakness research by providing direct evidence regarding CFO turnover and subsequent SOX 404 opinions.
A qualitative study of subjective male identities among South African adolescents in rural and urban settings using a photo-narrative method.

Masculinity is a relevant and important research priority in South Africa, where problematic constructions of adolescent masculinity are linked with a range of health issues and psychosocial risks. The theoretical basis for this qualitative research study was social constructionism informed by dialogical theory and psychoanalytic accounts of masculinity, including Kristeva's theory of abjection. The overall aim was to explore the lived experience of adolescent boys in order to understand how boys are subjectively positioned in relation to hegemonic standards for 'acceptable' masculinity in social contexts. Following ethical guidelines, boys were purposively sampled for the study from two school settings, a 'multicultural' urban single-sex school and a 'monoracial' rural coeducational secondary. A mixed method approach was used a photo-narrative visual research method, focus groups and semi-structured interviews within a constructionist paradigm. Visual and verbal data was analysed by means of an integrated quantitative content analysis and qualitative narrative analysis. Findings suggested that hegemonic standards were experienced in different ways by boys in terms of subjective positioning and microcultural context. Peer-groups were identified as having major importance for adolescent boys as a means of validating masculine norms, with sport functioning as an important masculinity marker. A central finding was that peer group norms created the conditions for inclusion and exclusion, which in turn lead to the construction of'acceptable identities'. Performative 'doing' and symbolic 'having' were identified as two important ways of constructing masculinity ways that were not always in accord. Another important finding was that boys battled to create even a rough congruence between masculinity norms and an authentic sense of self. There was a convergence around hegemonic norms of toughness, emphasised heterosexual ity and displayed risk-taking across contexts; however, these norms were understood in different ways. Non-relational and objectified sex talk was a strong focus of hegemonic masculinity for most boys in the study. Toughness was understood as alternatively verbal, performative or physical, and these differences were linked to racial and cultural differences. Similarly, there were racial and cultural differences in how expressions of
Distribution of Aspergillus Section Flavi among Field Soils from the Four Agroecological Zones of the Republic of Bénin, West Africa.

Certain members of Aspergillus section Flavi produce carcinogenic and immunotoxic metabo-lites called aflatoxins. These fungi perennate in soils and infect maize grain in the field and in storage. The distribution of Aspergillus section Flavi across the four different agroecologies of Bénin Republic was determined. The four agroecological zones range from humid equatorial tropics in the south to the dry savanna near the Sahara desert in the north. Soil samples collected in 1994 to 1996 from 44 different maize fields in Bénin were assayed over 3 years (88 samples total) for fungi in Aspergillus section Flavi. All soils tested contained A. flavus. Isolates (1,454 total) were collected by dilution plate from the soils and existed in populations ranging from <10 to >200 CFU/g of soil. CFU counts did not differ from year to year or change significantly with cropping systems within a zone, but differed significantly among zones. Incidence of A. flavus strain isolations varied from south to north, with greater number of CFU of L strain isolates in southern latitudes and higher numbers of CFU of S strain isolates found in the north. The L strain isolates occurred in 81 of 88 samples, whereas S strain isolates were in only 41 of 88 soil samples. Of 96 L strain isolates tested, 44% produced aflatoxins. Only B toxins were produced, and toxigenic isolates averaged over 100 μg of aflatoxin B1 per 70 ml of fermentation medium (~1.4 ppm). All S strain isolates produced both B and G aflatoxins, averaging over 557 μg of aflatoxin B1 per 70 ml (8 ppm) and 197 μg of aflatoxin G1 per 70 ml of fermentation me- dium (2.8 ppm). A. parasiticus and A. tamarii were present in less than 10% of the fields and were not associated with any particular agroecological zone.
Homo Imperii: A History of Physical Anthropology in Russia

It is widely assumed that the "nonclassical" nature of the Russian empire and its equally "nonclassical" modernity made Russian intellectuals immune to the racial obsessions of Western Europe and the United States. Homo Imperii corrects this perception by offering the first scholarly history of racial science in prerevolutionary Russia and the early Soviet Union. Marina Mogilner places this story in the context of imperial self-modernization, political and cultural debates of the epoch, different reformist and revolutionary trends, and the growing challenge of modern nationalism. By focusing on the competing centers of race science in different cities and regions of the empire, Homo Imperii introduces to English-language scholars the institutional nexus of racial science in Russia that exhibits the influence of imperial strategic relativism. Reminiscent of the work of anthropologists of empire such as Ann Stoler and Benedict Anderson, Homo Imperii reveals the complex imperial dynamics of Russian physical anthropology and contributes an important comparative perspective from which to understand the emergence of racial science in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Europe and America.
Multiplicity one theorems for Fourier-Jacobi models

For every genuine irreducible admissible smooth representation $\pi$ of the metaplectic group $\widetilde{{\rm Sp}}(2n)$ over a $p$-adic field, and every smooth oscillator representation $\omega_\psi$ of $\widetilde{{\rm Sp}}(2n)$, we prove that the tensor product $\pi\otimes\omega_\psi$ is multiplicity free as a smooth representation of the symplectic group ${\rm Sp}(2n)$. Similar results are proved for general linear groups and unitary groups.
The Impact of Urbanization on GDP per capita

This thesis examines the interaction between urbanization and GDP per capita in subSaharan Africa. In particular, whether, increased urbanization impacts GDP per capital positively or negatively in the region. SubSaharan Africa, containing a total of 47 countries, remains one of the poorest regions in the world yet it has been reporting the highest urbanization rates. An interesting feature of the urbanization in the region is its degree of centrality. For this reason further examination will be done on how the size of the prime city affects GDP per capita, as well as how the prime city measured as a percentage of urban population interacts with GDP per capita. The econometric analysis is done using panel data regression on a GDP per capita model. The model contains well known indicators for GDP growth such as gross capital formation, trade, secondary school enrollment and FDI. Also in this model is urban population in the first regression, prime city population in the second and prime city as a percentage of urban population in the third. Using the poolability and Hausman test it was established that the fixed effects panel least squares was most suited for this analysis. The results from regression 1 show all variables to be significant except FDI. FDI remains insignificant in all the three regressions. This has also been the case in numerous studies on developing countries concerning the relationship between FDI and GDP per capita. The explanatory variable of interest, in this case urban population, shows that urbanization and GDP per capita interact positively. This means that increased urbanization will and should result in increased GDP per capita. The results from the second regression show that the size of the prime city as a percentage of total population is insignificant, however we do see that when the degree of centrality (measured by prime city as a percentage of urban population) increases there is a negative impact on GDP per capita. This would suggest that while urbanization is economically positive for the region, urbanization concentrated in one or few areas dampens the effect.
Breaking an Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Chaos

Recently, a chaos-based image encryption algorithm called MCKBA (Modified Chaotic-Key Based Algorithm) was proposed. This paper analyzes the security of MCKBA and finds that it can be broken with a differential attack, which requires only four chosen plain-images. Performance of the attack is verified by experimental results. In addition, some defects of MCKBA, including insensitivity with respect to changes of plain-image/secret key, are reported.
Diurnal Cycle Induced Amplification of Sea Surface Temperature Intraseasonal Oscillations Over the Bay of Bengal in Summer Monsoon Season

In spite of strong mean summer monsoon winds, the magnitudes of diurnal and intraseasonal oscillations (ISO) of the sea surface temperature (SST) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are as strong as the respective magnitudes in the western Pacific. Using continuous observations during the peak summer monsoon of 1998 at BoB buoy (DS4) located at (89° E, 19° N), we show that the strong near-surface diurnal variation in the BoB during warming phases of the ISO leads to almost double the magnitude of the diurnal SST over the BoB as compared to that during the cooling phases. The simulation experiments with and without the diurnal cycle of surface fluxes indicate that more than one-third of the observed SST ISO amplitude could arise from the rectification of the diurnal cycle through the influence of late night and early daytime upper-ocean mixing processes during the warming phases. The rapid shoaling of the upper-ocean mixed layer occurs during afternoon while it deepens slowly during late night and early daytime which tends to retain the warm SSTs at the end of the nighttime cooling. The insight derived from these experiments on the influence of the diurnal cycle on ISOs of the SST underlines the need for a proper simulation of the diurnal cycle of the SST in climate models.
Skin-resident memory CD4+ T cells enhance protection against Leishmania major infection

While people infected with Leishmania can become refractory to reinfection, human vaccines have not yet been achieved. Glennie et al. identify a population of skin-resident Leishmania-specific memory T cells that produce IFN-γ and recruit circulating T cells to the skin in response to a subsequent parasitic infection. The findings indicate that a successful vaccine may be dependent on generating skin-resident memory T cells for an effective immune response.
Risk factors for renal impairment revealed after unilateral adrenalectomy in patients with primary aldosteronism

AbstractPrimary aldosteronism (PA) may induce significant decline of renal function and structural damage of kidney. However, it is difficult to evaluate accurate renal function in patients with PA, because glomerular hyperfiltration and aldosterone escape can conceal renal impairment. In this retrospective cohort study, we compared changes in renal function after unilateral adrenalectomy between patients with PA and patients with other adrenal diseases. Risk factors associated with postoperative renal impairment in patients with PA were analyzed.A total of 558 patients who received unilateral adrenalectomy between January 2002 and June 2013 were included: 136 patients with PA and 422 patients with other adrenal diseases (control). Postoperative serial changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were analyzed in both groups. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors of renal impairment after adrenalectomy in all patients and the PA group. Postoperative renal impairment was defined as postoperative eGFR decline of >25% from preoperative eGFR. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined as an eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2.There were no differences in preoperative eGFR between groups. The PA group showed a significant decrease in eGFR 3 days, 2 weeks, and 6 months after surgery compared to the control group. The PA group showed significant improvement of hypertension after surgery. In the PA group, 53 (39.0%) patients showed postoperative renal impairment. Multivariate regression analysis identified long-standing hypertension, low body mass index, low serum potassium, and high preoperative eGFR as risk factors for postoperative renal impairment. Among the 89 patients with preoperative eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2, 29 (32.6%) patients developed CKD postoperatively. Age, low serum potassium, low preoperative eGFR, and high serum cholesterol or uric acid were associated with the postoperative CKD development.Our study demonstrates that patients with PA with old age, low serum potassium, long-standing hypertension, and high serum uric acid or cholesterol are at risk of renal impairment after surgical treatment. High preoperative eGFR was also a risk factor for postoperative renal impairment, whereas low preoperative eGFR was a risk factor for postoperative CKD. Close monitoring of renal function and adequate management are required for patients with these risk factors.