Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of Common-Word Order Syntactic Similarity Metric for Evaluating Syllabus Coverage of a Question Paper

Syllabuses are used to ensure consistency between educational institutions. A modularized syllabus contains weightages assigned to different units of a subject. Different criteria like Bloom's taxonomy, learning outcomes etc., have been used for evaluating the syllabus coverage of a question paper. But we have not come across any work that focuses on syntactic text similarity evaluation of unit contents with the question contents in order to estimate the syllabus coverage of a question paper. Hence in this paper we address the problem of measuring the syllabus coverage of an examination question paper by using the order based word-to-word syntactic similarity metric. Text preprocessing techniques are used to extract multiple words and its associated locations from textual contents in the question paper and also in the respective syllabus file. Comparison of word order vectors of units with word order vectors of questions results in generation of the corresponding common word pair question vector and common word pair syllabus vector. The common word pair vectors assist in computing the similarity measure between question vector and unit vector, representing the similarity measures in a question-to-unit similarity matrix and selecting the maximal similarity measure among the set of computed common word pair vectors. The maximal similarity measures are used as a guideline in grouping the unit-wise questions, matching its weightage against Syllabus File and evaluating the syllabus coverage of the question paper. The result of syllabus coverage evaluation can be used as a guideline by the subject expert or question paper setter or question paper moderator to revise the questions of examination question paper accordingly.
Davis and Putnam were Already Checking Forward

We show the equivalence between the so-called DavisPutnam procedure [3, 2] and the Forward Checking of Haralick and Elliot [7]. Both apply the paradigmchoose and propagate in two different formalisms, namely the propositional calculus a nd the constraint satisfaction problems formalism. They happen to be strictly equivalent as soon as a compatible instantiation order is ch o en. This equivalence is shown considering the resolution of the clau sal expression of a CSP by the Davis-Putnam procedure.
Arousal and physiological toughness: implications for mental and physical health.

From W.B. Cannon's identification of adrenaline with "fight or flight" to modern views of stress, negative views of peripheral physiological arousal predominate. Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) arousal is associated with anxiety, neuroticism, the Type A personality, cardiovascular disease, and immune system suppression; illness susceptibility is associated with life events requiring adjustments. "Stress control" has become almost synonymous with arousal reduction. A contrary positive view of peripheral arousal follows from studies of subjects exposed to intermittent stressors. Such exposure leads to low SNS arousal base rates, but to strong and responsive challenge- or stress-induced SNS-adrenal-medullary arousal, with resistance to brain catecholamine depletion and with suppression of pituitary adrenal-cortical responses. That pattern of arousal defines physiological toughness and, in interaction with psychological coping, corresponds with positive performance in even complex tasks, with emotional stability, and with immune system enhancement. The toughness concept suggests an opposition between effective short- and long-term coping, with implications for effective therapies and stress-inoculating life-styles.
Cultured Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes Reactive Oxygen Species Pathway in − Leptin Induces Hypertrophy via Endothelin-1

Fang-Ping Xu, Min-Sheng Chen, Yan-Zhen Wang, Quan Yi, Shu-Bing Lin, Alex F. Chen and Cultured Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes Reactive Oxygen Species Pathway in − Leptin Induces Hypertrophy via Endothelin-1 Print ISSN: 0009-7322. Online ISSN: 1524-4539 Copyright © 2004 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Circulation doi: 10.1161/01.CIR. 0000140766.52771. 6D 2004;110:1269-1275; originally published online August 16, 2004; Circulation. http://circ.ahajournals. org/content/110/10/1269 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the
Developmental study of dendritic bundles in layer 1 of the rat granular retrosplenial cortex with special reference to a cell adhesion molecule, OCAM

In the granular retrosplenial cortex (GRS) of adult rats, callosally projecting pyramidal neurons in layer 2 form dendritic bundles, 30–100 µm wide, in layer 1. The distinctness of these bundles makes the GRS an attractive model system for investigating the developmental, microcircuitry, and basic organizational features related to dendritic modularity. In this report, we investigate the developmental time course of the dendritic bundles, visualized by immunohistochemistry for microtubule‐associated protein 2 (MAP2) and glutamate receptor subunits 2/3 (GluR2/3). Bundles in layer 1 are apparent as early as postnatal day 5, first with GluR2/3 and then, from postnatal day 14, with MAP2. As a step toward understanding the mechanisms of dendritic aggregation, we further investigated the ontogeny of expression of the cell adhesion molecule OCAM. OCAM exhibits a patchy distribution in layer 1 from postnatal day 3 to adult, and the regions of weak OCAM immunoreactivity selectively correspond to the dendritic bundles (in both GluR2/3 and MAP2). The periodic geometry of OCAM‐immunoreactive regions, the time course of their appearance and the distinct localization complementary to the bundles support the possibility that this molecule is one contributor to the establishment and maintenance of dendritic modules. The interdigitating relationship between regions of high OCAM immunoreactivity and the dendritic bundles in layer 1 suggests that OCAM may have a repellent influence on the formation of these bundles.
Brain Painting: First Evaluation of a New Brain–Computer Interface Application with ALS-Patients and Healthy Volunteers

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) enable paralyzed patients to communicate; however, up to date, no creative expression was possible. The current study investigated the accuracy and user-friendliness of P300-Brain Painting, a new BCI application developed to paint pictures using brain activity only. Two different versions of the P300-Brain Painting application were tested: A colored matrix tested by a group of ALS-patients (n = 3) and healthy participants (n = 10), and a black and white matrix tested by healthy participants (n = 10). The three ALS-patients achieved high accuracies; two of them reaching above 89% accuracy. In healthy subjects, a comparison between the P300-Brain Painting application (colored matrix) and the P300-Spelling application revealed significantly lower accuracy and P300 amplitudes for the P300-Brain Painting application. This drop in accuracy and P300 amplitudes was not found when comparing the P300-Spelling application to an adapted, black and white matrix of the P300-Brain Painting application. By employing a black and white matrix, the accuracy of the P300-Brain Painting application was significantly enhanced and reached the accuracy of the P300-Spelling application. ALS-patients greatly enjoyed P300-Brain Painting and were able to use the application with the same accuracy as healthy subjects. P300-Brain Painting enables paralyzed patients to express themselves creatively and to participate in the prolific society through exhibitions.
The Role of IL-1β in the Bone Loss during Rheumatic Diseases

Several inflammatory diseases have been associated with increased bone resorption and fracture rates and different studies supported the relation between inflammatory cytokines and osteoclast activity. The main factor required for osteoclast activation is the stimulation by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) expressed on osteoblasts. In this context, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, one of the most powerful proinflammatory cytokines, is a strong stimulator of in vitro and in vivo bone resorption via upregulation of RANKL that stimulates the osteoclastogenesis. The resulting effects lead to an imbalance in bone metabolism favouring bone resorption and osteoporosis. In this paper, we review the available literature on the role of IL-1β in the pathogenesis of bone loss. Furthermore, we analysed the role of IL-1β in bone resorption during rheumatic diseases and, when available, we reported the efficacy of anti-IL-1β therapy in this field.
Farmers’ Exposure to Pesticides: Toxicity Types and Ways of Prevention

Synthetic pesticides are extensively used in agriculture to control harmful pests and prevent crop yield losses or product damage. Because of high biological activity and, in certain cases, long persistence in the environment, pesticides may cause undesirable effects to human health and to the environment. Farmers are routinely exposed to high levels of pesticides, usually much greater than those of consumers. Farmers’ exposure mainly occurs during the preparation and application of the pesticide spray solutions and during the cleaning-up of spraying equipment. Farmers who mix, load, and spray pesticides can be exposed to these chemicals due to spills and splashes, direct spray contact as a result of faulty or missing protective equipment, or even drift. However, farmers can be also exposed to pesticides even when performing activities not directly related to pesticide use. Farmers who perform manual labor in areas treated with pesticides can face major exposure from direct spray, drift from neighboring fields, or by contact with pesticide residues on the crop or soil. This kind of exposure is often underestimated. The dermal and inhalation routes of entry are typically the most common routes of farmers’ exposure to pesticides. Dermal exposure during usual pesticide handling takes place in body areas that remain uncovered by protective clothing, such as the face and the hands. Farmers’ exposure to pesticides can be reduced through less use of pesticides and through the correct use of the appropriate type of personal protective equipment in all stages of pesticide handling.
Knowledge economy challenges for the post-developmental state: Tsukuba Science City as an in-between place

This paper examines the planning) history and current planning challenges facing Tsukuba Science City. Drawing on original empirical material, it suggests that Tsukuba can be seen as an in-between place in three respects. Tsukuba began life as an instance of the international garden-campus-suburb orthodoxy surrounding science spaces, and now falls somewhere in between an independent city and a suburb of greater Tokyo. Tsukuba’s predicament in this regard is intimately related to the broader policy challenges facing Japan as it transitions from a developmental to a post-developmental state. Chief among these challenges is effectively inserting a science city like Tsukuba into an increasingly globalised ‘New Argonaut’ market for skilled labour. I make use of Appadurai’s notion (1996) of ‘scapes’ to interpret Tsukuba as an in-between place but also to highlight the practical challenges of it securing a central position within the global science landscape of modernity.
Limit Cycle Models for Circadian Rhythms Based on Transcriptional Regulation in Drosophila and Neurospora

We examine theoretical models for circadian oscillations based on transcriptional regulation in Drosophila and Neurospora. For Drosophila, the molecular model is based on the negative feedback exerted on the expression of the per and tim genes by the complex formed between the PER and TIM proteins. For Neurospora, similarly, the model relies on the feedback exerted on the expression of the frq gene by its protein product FRQ. In both models, sustained rhythmic variations in protein and mRNA levels occur in continuous darkness, in the form of limit cycle oscillations. The effect of light on circadian rhythms is taken into account in the models by considering that it triggers degradation of the TIM protein in Drosophila, and frq transcription in Neurospora. When incorporating the control exerted by light at the molecular level, we show that the models can account for the entrainment of circadian rhythms by light-dark cycles and for the damping of the oscillations in constant light, though such damping occurs more readily in the Drosophila model. The models account for the phase shifts induced by light pulses and allow the construction of phase response curves. These compare well with experimental results obtained in Drosophila. The model for Drosophila shows that when applied at the appropriate phase, light pulses of appropriate duration and magnitude can permanently or transiently suppress circadian rhythmicity. We investigate the effects of the magnitude of light-induced changes on oscillatory behavior. Finally, we discuss the common and distinctive features of circadian oscillations in the two organisms.
Prosocial Behavior and Neurodegenerative Disease

Author(s): Lwi, Sandy Jing Bey | Advisor(s): Levenson, Robert W. | Abstract: Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive and dramatic changes in behavior and emotional responses. In particular, patients with bvFTD have deficits in empathy, including the ability to relate and respond to the emotions of others. These deficits are important precursors for prosocial behaviors – actions intended to benefit people other than oneself – and were thus hypothesized to be impaired in patients with bvFTD. Thus far, no known studies have utilized objective laboratory tests to examine patients’ prosocial behaviors. The present study addressed these gaps by using objective laboratory measures (i.e., a donation paradigm) and a multi-method approach by studying the neural and emotional responses (i.e., autonomic and somatic peripheral physiology, facial expressions) associated with prosocial behavior across a sample of patients with neurodegenerative diseases and non-symptomatic aging caregivers. In the present study, 88 participants (17 with bvFTD, 12 with Alzheimer’s disease, and 59 non-symptomatic caregivers) viewed a film of others in distress. Participants were then given the option to donate their own money as a measure of prosocial behavior. Results revealed that patients with bvFTD donated significantly less money than non-symptomatic caregivers, while patients with Alzheimer’s disease and non-symptomatic caregivers donated comparable amounts. When examining emotional responses and regions of neural degeneration as potential mediators of the relationship between diagnosis and prosocial behavior, neither emotional responses nor neural regions were found to mediate the findings with one exception: lower ventral striatum volume was significantly associated with lower levels of prosocial behavior. This finding aligns with research that suggests that the ventral striatum plays a central role in the reward network of the brain, and how evolutionarily, feeling reward when engaging in prosocial behaviors likely conferred benefits in the context of interpersonal relationships. The study extends our understanding of a neurodegenerative disease that profoundly impacts the lives of patients and their families and contributes important new information to the literature on prosocial behavior.
Mindfulness and Its Role in Psychological Well-Being

This article explores mindfulness, and highlights two major contributors to the development of Mindfulness, a Buddhist Monk Thich Nhat Hanh and a Physician Dr. Jon Kabat Zinn. Mindfulness training programs are discussed and a research study designed to include mindfulness in a residential program for secondary gifted students to examine their role of mindfulness in the psychological well-being is discussed with results and conclusions.
Admitting offenders with antisocial personality disorder to a medium secure unit: a qualitative examination of multidisciplinary team decision-making

This paper reports on the results of a qualitative study funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) looking at multidisciplinary team decisions to admit sentenced offenders with antisocial personality disorder to a medium secure unit. The aim of the study was to examine admission decision-making from a multidisciplinary perspective, and to explore the interprofessional dynamics and contextual pressures informing those decisions. The primary method of data collection was 12 semi-structured interviews with a convenience sample of various multidisciplinary staff involved in pre-admission assessment and post-assessment decision-making. Data was then coded according to the dialectic of competitive and cooperative goal seeking within groups. The findings suggest that, whilst both forms of goal seeking inform admission decisions, the presence of significant resource pressures will lead to decisional solidarity among the multidisciplinary team. When minor professional disagreements arise, they are resolved by the group leader, the Responsible Clinician, in order to maximise group productivity. It is argued that the discursive-limiting effect of resource pressures on group decision-making may weaken the morale of certain front line staff, if not undermine institutional purpose.
Patterns of Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Outcomes from Patients with Sepsis Secondary to Community Acquired Pneumonia

Mechanisms governing the inflammatory response during sepsis have been shown to be complex, involving cross-talk between diverse signaling pathways. Current knowledge regarding the mechanisms underlying sepsis provides an incomplete picture of the syndrome, justifying additional efforts to understand this condition. Microarray-based expression profiling is a powerful approach for the investigation of complex clinical conditions such as sepsis. In this study, we investigate whole-genome expression profiles in mononuclear cells from survivors (n = 5) and non-survivors (n = 5) of sepsis. To circumvent the heterogeneity of septic patients, only patients admitted with sepsis caused by community-acquired pneumonia were included. Blood samples were collected at the time of sepsis diagnosis and seven days later to evaluate the role of biological processes or genes possibly involved in patient recovery. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) profiling discriminated between patients with early sepsis and healthy individuals. Genes with differential expression were grouped according to Gene Ontology, and most genes related to immune defense were up-regulated in septic patients. Additionally, PCA in the early stage was able to distinguish survivors from non-survivors. Differences in oxidative phosphorylation seem to be associated with clinical outcome because significant differences in the expression profile of genes related to mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) I–V were observed between survivors and non-survivors at the time of patient enrollment. Global gene expression profiles after seven days of sepsis progression seem to reproduce, to a certain extent, patterns collected at the time of diagnosis. Gene expression profiles comparing admission and follow-up samples differed between survivors and non-survivors, with decreased expression of genes related to immune functions in non-survivors. In conclusion, genes related to host defense and inflammatory response ontology were up-regulated during sepsis, consistent with the need for a host response to infection, and the sustainability of their expression in follow-up samples was associated with outcomes.
Chronic Deep Brain Stimulation of the Hypothalamic Nucleus in Wistar Rats Alters Circulatory Levels of Corticosterone and Proinflammatory Cytokines

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a therapeutic option for several diseases, but its effects on HPA axis activity and systemic inflammation are unknown. This study aimed to detect circulatory variations of corticosterone and cytokines levels in Wistar rats, after 21 days of DBS-at the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMHvl), unilateral cervical vagotomy (UCVgX), or UCVgX plus DBS. We included the respective control (C) and sham (S) groups (n = 6 rats per group). DBS treated rats had higher levels of TNF-α (120%; P < 0.01) and IFN-γ (305%; P < 0.001) but lower corticosterone concentration (48%; P < 0.001) than C and S. UCVgX animals showed increased corticosterone levels (154%; P < 0.001) versus C and S. UCVgX plus DBS increased IL-1β (402%; P < 0.001), IL-6 (160%; P < 0.001), and corsticosterone (178%; P < 0.001 versus 48%; P < 0.001) compared with the C and S groups. Chronic DBS at VMHvl induced a systemic inflammatory response accompanied by a decrease of HPA axis function. UCVgX rats experienced HPA axis hyperactivity as result of vagus nerve injury; however, DBS was unable to block the HPA axis hyperactivity induced by unilateral cervical vagotomy. Further studies are necessary to explore these findings and their clinical implication.
On Classification of Finite Dimensional Complex Filiform Leibniz Algebras (Part 2)

The paper is devoted to classification problem of finite dimensional complex none Lie filiform Leibniz algebras. Actually, the observations show there are two resources to get classification of filiform Leibniz algebras. The first of them is naturally graded none Lie filiform Leibniz algebras and the another one is naturally graded filiform Lie algebras. Using the first resource we get two disjoint classes of filiform Leibniz algebras. The present paper deals with the second of the above two classes, the first class has been considered in our previous paper. The algebraic classification here means to specify the representatives of the orbits, whereas the geometric classification is the problem of finding generic structural constants in the sense of algebraic geometry. Our main effort in this paper is the algebraic classification. We suggest here an algebraic method based on invariants. Utilizing this method for any given low dimensional case all filiform Leibniz algebras can be classified. Moreover, the results can be used for geometric classification of orbits of such algebras.
Ultrafast insulator-metal phase transition in VO 2 studied by multiterahertz spectroscopy

The ultrafast photoinduced insulator-metal transition in VO2 is studied at different temperatures and excitation fluences using multi-THz probe pulses. The spectrally resolved midinfrared response allows us to trace separately the dynamics of lattice and electronic degrees of freedom with a time resolution of 40 fs. The critical fluence of the optical pump pulse, which drives the system into a long-lived metallic state, is found to increase with decreasing temperature. Under all measurement conditions, we observe a modulation of the eigenfrequencies of the optical phonon modes induced by their anharmonic coupling to the coherent wave-packet motion of V-V dimers at 6.1 THz. Furthermore, we find a weak quadratic coupling of the electronic response to the coherent dimer oscillation resulting in a modulation of the electronic conductivity at twice the frequency of the wave-packet motion. The findings are discussed in the framework of a qualitative model based on an approximation of local photoexcitation of the vanadium dimers from the insulating state.
Advice in troubles talk conversations between strangers: the role of problem seriousness and the impact of advice on helper supportiveness and the desire for future interactions

vii Chapter 1: Introduction.1 Chapter 2: Advice as Supportive Communication.6 Chapter 3: Method . 21 Chapter 4: Results.34 Chapter 5: Discussion.39 References.53 Appendix A: Study Information for Participants.61 Appendix B: Study Email.62 Appendix C: Consent Form.63 Appendix D: Selected Study Measures.64 Appendix E: Study Script.66