Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Periodontal regeneration - intrabony defects: a systematic review from the AAP Regeneration Workshop.

BACKGROUND Previous systematic reviews of periodontal regeneration with bone replacement grafts and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) were defined as state of the art for clinical periodontal regeneration as of 2002. METHODS The purpose of this systematic review is to update those consensus reports by reviewing periodontal regeneration approaches developed for the correction of intrabony defects with the focus on patient-, tooth-, and site-centered factors, surgical approaches, surgical determinants, and biologics. This review adheres to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines for systematic reviews. A computerized search of the PubMed and Cochrane databases was performed to evaluate the clinically available regenerative approaches for intrabony defects. The search included screening of original reports, review articles, and reference lists of retrieved articles and hand searches of selected journals. All searches were focused on clinically available regenerative approaches with histologic evidence of periodontal regeneration in humans published in English. For topics in which the literature is lacking, non-randomized observational and experimental animal model studies were used. Therapeutic endpoints examined included changes in clinical attachment level, changes in bone level/fill, and probing depth. For purposes of analysis, change in bone fill was used as the primary outcome measure, except in cases in which this information was not available. The SORT (Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy) grading scale was used in evaluating the body of knowledge. RESULTS 1) Fifty-eight studies provided data on patient, tooth, and surgical-site considerations in the treatment of intrabony defects. 2) Forty-five controlled studies provided outcome analysis on the use of biologics for the treatment of intrabony defects. CONCLUSIONS 1) Biologics (enamel matrix derivative and recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB plus β-tricalcium phosphate) are generally comparable with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft and GTR and superior to open flap debridement procedures in improving clinical parameters in the treatment of intrabony defects. 2) Histologic evidence of regeneration has been demonstrated with laser therapy; however, data are limited on clinical predictability and effectiveness. 3) Clinical outcomes appear most appreciably influenced by patient behaviors and surgical approach rather than by tooth and defect characteristics. 4) Long-term studies indicate that improvements in clinical parameters are maintainable up to 10 years, even in severely compromised teeth, consistent with a favorable/good long-term prognosis.
Comparison of mirtazapine, gabapentin and ondansetron to prevent intrathecal morphine-induced pruritus

OBJECTIVE: Antagonism of the central nervous system inhibitor neurotransmitter gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) or serotonergic system activation is an important factor in the pathogenesis of intrathecal morphine-induced pruritus. This study tested the hypothesis that preoperative use of ondansetron, gabapentin or mirtazapine can prevent morphine-induced pruritus. METHODS: We randomly allocated 80 patients of American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) classification I and II physical status who were to undergo unilateral inguinal hernia or pilonidal sinus operations under spinal anesthesia into 4 equal groups. The first 3 groups received oral doses of 30 mg mirtazapine, 8 mg ondansetron, and 1200 mg gabapentin at 2 hours, 10 minutes, and 1 hour before surgery, respectively, and the fourth group was given a placebo. All patients received intrathecal injection of 15 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and 0.2 mg morphine. Pruritus was evaluated at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hours after intrathecal morphine administration, and details of presence, onset time, duration, localization, and severity of pruritus were recorded. RESULTS: Incidence of pruritus was significantly more frequent in the placebo group compared to ondansetron, gabapentin, and mirtazapine groups (70%, 55%, 35%, and 35%, respectively). In general, onset of pruritus was between 2 and 6 hours after intrathecal morphine injection; however, onset in the gabapentin group (mean±SD: 4.75±2.7 hours; p=0.019) was delayed compared to other groups. It was observed that pruritus persisted relatively longer in the ondansetron and placebo groups (mean±SD: 6±3.08; 5.82±2.96 hours, respectively; p=0.047). No statistical determination was made regarding location of pruritus. Severity of pruritus was greater in the placebo group (p=0.0001). Necessity for antipruritic treatment was not statistically significantly different between groups. CONCLUSION: Incidence and severity of intrathecal morphine-induced pruritus decreased with use of each of all 3 drugs compared to placebo.
CAFCR: A Multi-view Method for Embedded Systems Architecting. Balancing Genericity and Specificity

This thesis describes the CAFCR method for embedded systems architecting. Embedded systems are software and technology intensive systems. Typical examples of software and technology intensive products are televisions, DVD-players, MRI scanners, and printers. The creation of these products is a multi-disciplinary effort by hundreds of engineers. The method is based on multiple views that are integrated by qualities and architectural reasoning. Story telling is used as complementary submethod to gather requirements and to make specification and design discussions specific. The architecting method is applied in retrospect on the development of a Medical ImagingWorkstation. The Medical ImagingWorkstation case is used to evaluate the method. The thesis is structured in four parts: Introduction, Architecting method, Medical Imaging Workstation case, and Evaluation and Conclusions. The first part articulates the research question and the hypothesis. The last part assesses the hypothesis by evaluating the use of the method in the case.
Melting the Affective Poles: A Study of the Interaction of Positive and Negative Affects and their Role in Collaborative Information Seeking

paper introduces one problem in collaborative information seeking (CIS) concerning with the interaction of positive and negative affects in the information search process of teams. Along with rationale, research questions, and literature review, this proposal describe key aspects under which a dissertation on this research topic will be carried out. This includes an experimental design, instruments, and methods of analyses. Furthermore, expected results and their implications to CIS, human computer interaction, and information retrieval, and also to the general research field of information science are discussed.
The maximum stellar mass, star-cluster formation and composite stellar populations

We demonstrate that the mass of the most massive star in a cluster correlates non-trivially with the cluster mass. A simple algorithm, according to which a cluster is filled up with stars that are chosen randomly from the standard initial mass function (IMF) but sorted with increasing mass, yields an excellent description of the observational data. Algorithms based on random sampling from the IMF without sorted adding are ruled out with a confidence larger than 0.9999. A physical explanation of this would be that a cluster forms by more-massive stars being consecutively added until the resulting feedback energy suffices to revert cloud contraction and stops further star formation. This has important implications for composite populations. For example, 10 4 clusters of mass 10 2 M ⊙ will not produce the same IMF as one cluster with a mass of 10 6 M ⊙ . It also supports the notion that the integrated galaxial stellar IMF (IGIMF) should be steeper than the stellar IMF and that it should vary with the star formation rate of a galaxy.
Mycotoxins in fruits and fruit-based products: occurrence and methods for decontamination

Abstract Mycotoxin contamination in fruits and their industrialized products is a serious concern for the human health. Patulin and ochratoxin A are the most frequent mycotoxins that contamine apples, grapes, pears, peach, apricots, nectarines, and strawberries, among others. Physical, chemical, and biological methods may be used to completely inactivate or remove of these mycotoxins in the food products. This paper reviews the recent data on the occurrence of patulin and ochratoxin A in fruits, juices, and other derived products including wine, as well as the methods that have been proposed for decontamination of these products.
Biologically Inspired Object Tracking Using Center-Surround Saliency Mechanisms

A biologically inspired discriminant object tracker is proposed. It is argued that discriminant tracking is a consequence of top-down tuning of the saliency mechanisms that guide the deployment of visual attention. The principle of discriminant saliency is then used to derive a tracker that implements a combination of center-surround saliency, a spatial spotlight of attention, and feature-based attention. In this framework, the tracking problem is formulated as one of continuous target-background classification, implemented in two stages. The first, or learning stage, combines a focus of attention (FoA) mechanism, and bottom-up saliency to identify a maximally discriminant set of features for target detection. The second, or detection stage, uses a feature-based attention mechanism and a target-tuned top-down discriminant saliency detector to detect the target. Overall, the tracker iterates between learning discriminant features from the target location in a video frame and detecting the location of the target in the next. The statistics of natural images are exploited to derive an implementation which is conceptually simple and computationally efficient. The saliency formulation is also shown to establish a unified framework for classifier design, target detection, automatic tracker initialization, and scale adaptation. Experimental results show that the proposed discriminant saliency tracker outperforms a number of state-of-the-art trackers in the literature.
Acquired Resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Kinase Inhibitors Associated with a Novel T854A Mutation in a Patient with EGFR-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma

Purpose: Somatic mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene are associated with sensitivity of lung adenocarcinomas to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, gefitinib and erlotinib. Acquired drug resistance is frequently associated with a secondary somatic mutation that leads to the substitution of methionine for threonine at position 790 (T790M). We aimed to identify additional second-site alterations associated with acquired resistance. Experimental Design: Tumor samples were obtained from 48 patients with acquired resistance. Tumor cell DNA was analyzed for EGFR kinase domain mutations. Molecular analyses were then done to characterize the biological properties of a novel mutant EGFR allele. Results: A previously unreported mutation in exon 21 of EGFR, which leads to substitution of alanine for threonine at position 854 (T854A), was identified in one patient with a drug-sensitive EGFR L858R–mutant lung adenocarcinoma after long-term treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The T854A mutation was not detected in a pretreatment tumor sample. The crystal structure analyses of EGFR suggest that the T854 side chain is within contact distance of gefitinib and erlotinib. Surrogate kinase assays show that the EGFR T854A mutation abrogates the inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation by erlotinib. Such resistance seems to be overcome by a new irreversible dual EGFR/HER2 inhibitor, BIBW 2992. Conclusions: The T854A mutation is the second reported second-site acquired resistance mutation that is within contact distance of gefitinib and erlotinib. These data suggest that acquired resistance to ATP-mimetic EGFR kinase inhibitors may often be associated with amino acid substitutions that alter drug contact residues in the EGFR ATP-binding pocket.
Algorithms for Hyper-Parameter Optimization

Several recent advances to the state of the art in image classification benchmarks have come from better configurations of existing techniques rather than novel approaches to feature learning. Traditionally, hyper-parameter optimization has been the job of humans because they can be very efficient in regimes where only a few trials are possible. Presently, computer clusters and GPU processors make it possible to run more trials and we show that algorithmic approaches can find better results. We present hyper-parameter optimization results on tasks of training neural networks and deep belief networks (DBNs). We optimize hyper-parameters using random search and two new greedy sequential methods based on the expected improvement criterion. Random search has been shown to be sufficiently efficient for learning neural networks for several datasets, but we show it is unreliable for training DBNs. The sequential algorithms are applied to the most difficult DBN learning problems from [1] and find significantly better results than the best previously reported. This work contributes novel techniques for making response surface models P(y|x) in which many elements of hyper-parameter assignment (x) are known to be irrelevant given particular values of other elements.
Air Pollution and Brain Damage

Exposure to complex mixtures of air pollutants produces infl ammation in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Because the nasal cavity is a common portal of entry, respiratory and olfactory epithelia are vulnerable targets for toxicological damage. This study has evaluated, by light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemica l expression of nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), the olfactory and respiratory nasal mucosae, olfactory bulb, and cortical and subcortical structures from 32 healthy mongrel canine residents in Southwest Metropolitan Mexico City (SWMMC), a highly polluted urban region. Findings were compared to those in 8 dogs from Tlaxcala, a less polluted, control city. In SWMMC dogs, expression of nuclear neuronal NF-κB and iNOS in cortical endothelial cells occurred at ages 2 and 4 weeks; subsequent damage included alterations of the blood—brain barrier (BBB), degenerating cortical neurons, apoptotic glial white matter cells, deposition of apolipoprotein E (apoE)-positive lipid droplets in smooth muscle cells and pericytes, nonneuritic plaques , and neurofi brillary tangles. Persistent pulmonary infl ammation and deteriorating olfactory and respiratory barriers may play a role in the neuropathology observed in the brains of these highly exposed canines. Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's may begin early in life with air pollutants playing a crucial role.
Title Spousal concordance of metabolic syndrome in 3141 Koreancouples : A nationwide survey

PURPOSE: Epidemiologic data from various regions have shown familial correlations of cardiovascular risk factors and the metabolic syndrome (MES), but not spousal concordance that reflects shared environmental factors, which we now describe in a Korean general population. METHODS: We selected 3141 couples, where both partners had completed a national health examination. MES was determined according to NCEP ATP-III definitions, except for waist circumference where Asian cutoffs were used. Unadjusted and age-adjusted spousal correlations, and spousal concordance, using logistic regression analysis after adjustment for spousal ages, for each MES component were calculated. RESULTS: There were strong positive spousal correlations for each component of the MES, even after adjustment for age. Significant spousal concordance of MES was also observed. Men whose wives had MES had 1.29 (95%CI, 1.07-1.57) times higher risk of having MES, compared to those whose wives did not. Women whose husbands had MES were also at 1.32 (95%CI, 1.091.61) times higher risk of having the MES. CONCLUSIONS: There was significant spousal concordance of the MES in Koreans, which implies shared environmental factors contribute to the development of the MES. Targeting screening or disease prevention measures of partners of people with the MES may be beneficial.
Myotubularin Regulates Akt-dependent Survival Signaling via Phosphatidylinositol 3-Phosphate*

Myotubularin is a 3-phosphoinositide phosphatase that is mutated in X-linked myotubular myopathy, a severe neonatal disorder in which skeletal muscle development and/or regeneration is impaired. In this report we provide evidence that siRNA-mediated silencing of myotubularin expression markedly inhibits growth factor-stimulated Akt phosphorylation, leading to activation of caspase-dependent pro-apoptotic signaling in HeLa cells and primary human skeletal muscle myotubes. Myotubularin silencing also inhibits Akt-dependent signaling through the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 as assessed by p70 S6-kinase and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation. Similarly, phosphorylation of FoxO transcription factors is also significantly reduced in myotubularin-deficient cells. Our data further suggest that inhibition of Akt activation and downstream survival signaling in myotubularin-deficient cells is caused by accumulation of the MTMR substrate lipid phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate generated from the type II phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase PIK3C2B. Our findings are significant because they suggest that myotubularin regulates Akt activation via a cellular pool of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate that is distinct from that generated by the type III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase hVps34. Because impaired Akt signaling has been tightly linked to skeletal muscle atrophy, we hypothesize that loss of Akt-dependent growth/survival cues due to impaired myotubularin function may be a critical factor underlying the severe skeletal muscle atrophy characteristic of muscle fibers in patients with X-linked myotubular myopathy.
Flares in Patients with Systemic Lupus erythematosus Are Associated with Daily Psychological Stress

Background: The aetiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains unclear. Clinical observations and a small number of studies performed so far suggest an association between psychological stress and self-reported symptoms of SLE patients. This longitudinal study was designed to investigate whether daily psychological stress is associated with flares in SLE patients, measured by clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: Female SLE patients (n = 41) were followed over a period of six months. Daily stress was monitored by a hand-held PC diary programmed with 44 items based on standardized measures and clinical experience. Once every four weeks patients visited the outpatient clinic for medical evaluation. Disease activity was evaluated using the European Consensus Lupus Activity Measurement (ECLAM), laboratory parameters, and intake of steroids. Results: Classification and regression tree (CART) patient-wise analyses revealed that SLE patients with vs. without flares using complement and ECLAM as activity measures show greater negative self-ratings in mood, and social duties (p < 0.01). In addition, mixed model analysis of variance showed that daily hassles with social relationships were significantly associated with flares in SLE measured by an increase in steroid medication >5mg/d (p < 0.01). Conclusions: These results suggest that psychological stress is associated with flares in SLE. Particularly daily stress with social relationships and social duties may be factors to be related to the course of disease activity in SLE.
Contextual Effects on Metaphor Comprehension: Experiment and Simulation

This paper presents a computational model of referential metaphor comprehension. This model is designed on top of Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), a model of the representation of word and text meanings. Compre­hending a referential metaphor consists in scanning the semantic neighbors of the metaphor in order to find words that are also semantically related to the context. The depth of that search is compared to the time it takes for humans to process a metaphor. In particular, we are interested in two independent variables : the nature of the reference (either a literal meaning or a figurative meaning) and the nature of the context (inductive or not inductive). We show that, for both humans and model, first, metaphors take longer to process than the literal meanings and second, an inductive context can shorten the processing time.
A multiplicative property of quantum flag minors

We study multiplicative properties of the (quantum) dual canonical basis B* associated to a semi-simple complex Lie group G. We provide a subset D of B* such that the following property holds : if two elements b, b' in B* q-commute and if one of these elements is in D, then the product bb' is in B* up to a power of q, where q the quantum parameter. If G is SL_n, then D is the set of so-called quantum flag minors and we obtain a generalization of a result of Leclerc-Nazarov-Thibon, see ArXiv:Math.QA/0011074.
A natural class of robust networks

As biological studies shift from molecular description to system analysis we need to identify the design principles of large intracellular networks. In particular, without knowing the molecular details, we want to determine how cells reliably perform essential intracellular tasks. Recent analyses of signaling pathways and regulatory transcription networks have revealed a common network architecture, termed scale-free topology. Although the structural properties of such networks have been thoroughly studied, their dynamical properties remain largely unexplored. We present a prototype for the study of dynamical systems to predict the functional robustness of intracellular networks against variations of their internal parameters. We demonstrate that the dynamical robustness of these complex networks is a direct consequence of their scale-free topology. By contrast, networks with homogeneous random topologies require fine-tuning of their internal parameters to sustain stable dynamical activity. Considering the ubiquity of scale-free networks in nature, we hypothesize that this topology is not only the result of aggregation processes such as preferential attachment; it may also be the result of evolutionary selective processes.
Isolated galaxies: residual of primordial building blocks?

Context. The mass assembly is believed to be the dominant process of early galaxy formation. This mechanism of galaxy building can proceed either by repeated major mergers with other systems, or by means of accretion of matter from the surrounding regions. Aims. In this paper we compare the properties of local disk galaxies that appear isolated, i.e., not tidally affected by other galaxies during the last few Gyr within the volume given by cz ≤ 5000 km s −1 , with those galaxies at z values from 0.25 to 5. Methods. Effective radii for 203 isolated galaxies and 1645 galaxies from the RC3 have been collected and the two samples have been analyzed statistically. A similar comparison has been made with half light radii studied at high z from the literature. Results. We found that isolated galaxies are, in general, smaller than other present epoch galaxies from the RC3. We notice the lack of systems larger than 7 kpc among them. Their size distribution appears to be similar to that of galaxies at 1.4 ≤ z ≤ 2. The models of the merging history also indicate that the isolated galaxies did stop their merging process at about that redshift, evolving passively since then. The galaxy density seems to have remained unchanged since that epoch Conclusions. Isolated galaxies appear to be the end products of the merging process, as proposed by the hierarchical accretion scenario at around z = 1.4. For this class of galaxies, this was the last significant merging event in their lives, and they have evolved passively since then. This is confirmed by the analytical estimate of the merging fraction with z and by the comparison with sizes of distant galaxies.