Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Remote Time Calibrations via the NIST Time Measurement and Analysis Service

Abstract: The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) now offers a new remote calibration service designed to assist laboratories that maintain an accurate local time standard. The service monitors the local time standard by continuously comparing it to the national time standard and reports the comparison results to the customer in near real-time. This new service, called the NIST Time Measurement and Analysis Service, or TMAS, works by making simultaneous common-view measurements at NIST and at the customer's laboratory with up to eight Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. Each customer receives a time measurement system that performs the measurements and sends the results to NIST via the Internet for instant processing. Customers can then view their standard's performance with respect to NIST in near real-time, using an ordinary web browser. Time is measured with a combined standard uncertainty of less than 15 nanoseconds, and frequency is measured with an uncertainty of less than 1 × 10−13 after 1 day of averaging. This paper describes the multi-channel GPS common-view technique used by the service and the measurement system sent to each customer. It also explains how NIST calibrates each measurement system prior to shipment, how measurement results are reported to the customer, and how the measurement uncertainties are estimated.
Automated fuzzy-clustering for doctus expert system

'Doctus ' 1 is capable of deduction also called rule-based reasoning and of induction, which is the symbolic version of reasoning by cases 2. If connected to databases or data warehouses the inductive reasoning of Doctus is also used for data mining. To handle numerical domains Doctus uses statistical clustering algorithm. We define the problem in three steps: how to perform a clustering, which is neither rigid nor sensitive to noise, benefiting from the properties of the application domain, reducing the complexity as much as possible, and supplying the decision maker with useful information enabling the possibility of interaction? In this paper we present the conception of Automated Fuzzy-Clustering using triangular and trapezoidal Fuzzy-sets, which provides overlapping Fuzzy-set covering of the domain. I. FUZZY CLUSTERING FOR SYMBOLIC ES - WHY? We investigate the expert systems in supporting the business decision making process. Let's first examine the domain of the application, to map characteristics that are important to choose the appropriate tool for support. We are dealing with decision making of a leader and of a manager on the expert level of knowledge and higher, who are to considering much of soft information and hard data, and use heuristic processes to take the decisions. First there is a need to discover the properties of the heuristic processes in comparison to other processes: 1. At deterministic processes there is an expected value only with no dispersion. It is determined what output follows a particular input, it will happen in 100 % of repetitions. Small changes on the input will result in small changes on the output, which can be calculated precisely. Deterministic processes can be met e.g. in classical physics (mechanics of not microscopic, but also not astronomy sized bodies).
On kinematics and differential geometry of Euclidean submanifolds

In this study, we derive the equations of a motion model of two smooth homothetic along pole curves submanifolds M and N ; the curves are trajectories of instantaneous rotation centers at the contact points of these submanifolds. We comment on the homothetic motions, which assume sliding and rolling. M.S.C. 2000: 53A17, 53A05, 53A04.
Hypophosphorylation of the architectural chromatin protein DEK in death‐receptor‐induced apoptosis revealed by the isotope coded protein label proteomic platform

During apoptosis nuclear morphology changes dramatically due to alterations of chromatin architecture and cleavage of structural nuclear proteins. To characterize early events in apoptotic nuclear dismantling we have performed a proteomic study of apoptotic nuclei. To this end we have combined a cell‐free apoptosis system with a proteomic platform based on the differential isotopic labeling of primary amines with N‐nicotinoyloxy‐succinimide. We exploited the ability of this system to produce nuclei arrested at different stages of apoptosis to analyze proteome alterations which occur prior to or at a low level of caspase activation. We show that the majority of proteins affected at the onset of apoptosis are involved in chromatin architecture and RNA metabolism. Among them is DEK, an architectural chromatin protein which is linked to autoimmune disorders. The proteomic analysis points to the occurrence of multiple PTMs in early apoptotic nuclei. This is confirmed by showing that the level of phosphorylation of DEK is decreased following apoptosis induction. These results suggest the unexpected existence of an early crosstalk between cytoplasm and nucleus during apoptosis. They further establish a previously unrecognized link between DEK and cell death, which will prove useful in the elucidation of the physiological function of this protein.
A Case Study of Low-Mass Star Formation

This article synthesizes observational data from an extensive program aimed toward a comprehensive understanding of star formation in a low-mass star-forming molecular cloud. New observations and published data spanning from the centimeter wave band to the near-infrared reveal the high- and low-density molecular gas, dust, and pre-main-sequence stars in L1551. The total cloud mass of ~160 M☉ contained within 0.9 pc has a dynamical timescale, tdyn = 1.1 Myr. Thirty-five pre-main-sequence stars with masses from ~0.1 to 1.5 M☉ are selected to be members of the L1551 association constituting a total of 22 ± 5 M☉ of stellar mass. The observed star formation efficiency, SFE = 12% , while the total efficiency, SFEtot, is estimated to fall between 9% and 15%. L1551 appears to have been forming stars for several tdyn, with the rate of star formation increasing with time. Star formation has likely progressed from east to west, and there is clear evidence that another star or stellar system will form in the high column density region to the northwest of L1551 IRS 5. High-resolution, wide-field maps of L1551 in CO isotopologue emission display the structure of the molecular cloud at 1600 AU physical resolution. The 13CO emission clearly reveals the disruption of the ambient cloud by outflows in the line core and traces the interface between regions of outflow and quiescent gas in the line wings. Kinetic energy from outflows is being deposited back into the cloud on a physical scale λpeak ≈ 0.05 pc at a rate, Ėinput ≈ 0.05 L☉. The remaining energy afforded by the full mechanical luminosity of outflow in L1551 destroys the cloud or is otherwise lost to the greater interstellar medium. The C18O emission is optically thin and traces well the turbulent velocity structure of the cloud. The total turbulent energy is close to what is expected from virial equilibrium. The turbulent velocities exist primarily on small scales in the cloud, and the energy spectrum of turbulent fluctuations, E(k) ∝ k−β, is derived by various methods to have β ≈ 1–2. The turbulent dissipation rate estimated using the results of current numerical simulations is Ėdiss ≈ Ėinput. This study reveals that stellar feedback is a significant factor in the evolution of the L1551 cloud.
Compressing Color Data for Voxelized Surface Geometry

We explore the problem of decoupling color information from geometry in large scenes of voxelized surfaces and of compressing the array of colors without introducing disturbing artifacts. In this extension of our I3D paper with the same title [1] , we first present a novel method for connecting each node in a sparse voxel DAG to its corresponding colors in a separate 1D array of colors, with very little additional information stored to the DAG. Then, we show that by mapping the 1D array of colors onto a 2D image using a space-filling curve, we can achieve high compression rates and good quality using conventional, modern, hardware-accelerated texture compression formats such as ASTC or BC7. We additionally explore whether this method can be used to compress voxel colors for off-line storage and network transmission using conventional off-line compression formats such as JPG and JPG2K. For real-time decompression, we suggest a novel variable bitrate block encoding that consistently outperforms previous work, often achieving two times the compression at equal quality.
A Research Synthesis of the Associations Between Socioeconomic Background, Inequality, School Climate, and Academic Achievement

Educational researchers and practitioners assert that supportive school and classroom climates can positively influence the academic outcomes of students, thus potentially reducing academic achievement gaps between students and schools of different socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds. Nonetheless, scientific evidence establishing directional links and mechanisms between SES, school climate, and academic performance is inconclusive. This comprehensive review of studies dating back to the year 2000 examined whether a positive climate can successfully disrupt the associations between low SES and poor academic achievement. Positive climate was found to mitigate the negative contribution of weak SES background on academic achievement; however, most studies do not provide a basis for deducing a directional influence and causal relations. Additional research is encouraged to establish the nature of impact positive climate has on academic achievement and a multifaceted body of knowledge regarding the multilevel climate dimensions related to academic achievement.
Feeling the Future: The Emotional Oracle Effect

Eight studies reveal an intriguing phenomenon: individuals who have higher trust in their feelings can predict the outcomes of future events better than individuals with lower trust in their feelings. This emotional oracle effect was found across a variety of prediction domains, including (a) the 2008 US Democratic presidential nomination, (b) movie box-office success, (c) the winner of American Idol, (d) the stock market, (e) college football, and even (f) the weather. It is mostly high trust in feelings that improves prediction accuracy rather than low trust in feelings that impairs it. However, the effect occurs only among individuals who possess sufficient background knowledge about the prediction domain, and it dissipates when the prediction criterion becomes inherently unpredictable. The authors hypothesize that the effect arises because trusting one's feelings encourages access to a "privileged window" into the vast amount of predictive information that people learn, often unconsciously, about their environments.
La démographie du monde arabe et du Moyen-Orient des années 1950 aux années 2000. Synthèse des changements et bilan statistique

Consacree a l’Afrique du Nord, a la peninsule Arabique et au Moyen-Orient (20 pays, 420 millions d’habitants), cette chronique propose a la fois une synthese des grands changements sociodemographiques et sanitaires depuis les annees 1950 et un bilan statistique rassemblant les donnees recentes les plus fiables sur chaque pays. Y sont notamment examines les effectifs et les structures de la population, la fecondite et ses variables intermediaires, la nuptialite, la mortalite, la sante des enfants, les migrations et deplacements de population, l’urbanisation et l’acces a l’education. Si les transitions sociodemographiques et sanitaires de la region ont demarre plus tardivement qu’ailleurs, elles y ont ete dans l’ensemble assez rapides. La grande majorite des pays sont deja entres dans un systeme de reproduction associant une mortalite assez faible, une fecondite de plus en plus controlee et un mariage tardif. Les changements sont radicaux dans les trois pays du Maghreb ou encore en Iran ; ils sont plus lents en Arabie saoudite ou en Egypte, et certains pays, comme le Yemen, restent a la marge de ces changements. Cette diversification des systemes demographiques nationaux s’accompagne de grandes inegalites sociales ou geographiques a l’interieur meme des pays. Les migrations internationales constituent egalement un phenomene majeur de l’histoire recente de cette partie du monde. Les migrations vers les pays du Golfe et vers Israel ainsi que l’emigration vers l’Europe en sont les points saillants. L’urbanisation se poursuit, a des rythmes toutefois tres variables selon les pays. En depit de progres importants dans la region, l’acces a l’education et l’analphabetisme demeurent des problemes dans de nombreux pays.
The Role of Speciation in Positive Lowenstein-Jensen Culture Isolates from a High Tuberculosis Burden Country

Objective To determine the need for routine speciation of positive Lowenstein-Jensen mycobacterial cultures in HIV-infected patients suspected of having pulmonary tuberculosis at Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. Methods Sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage Lowenstein-Jensen mycobacterial culture isolates from consecutive, HIV-infected patients admitted to Mulago Hospital with 2 weeks or more of cough were subjected to IS6110 PCR and rpoB genetic analysis to determine the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Results Eighty (100%) mycobacterial cultures from 65 patients were confirmed to be members of MTBC. Subsequent analysis of the cultures from 54 patients by PCR and sequence analyses to identify co-infection with NTM confirmed the presence of MTBC as well as the presence of Micrococcus luteus (n = 4), Janibacter spp. (n = 1) and six cultures had organisms that could not be identified. Conclusions Presumptive diagnosis of tuberculosis on the basis of a positive Lowenstein-Jensen culture is sufficient in HIV-infected Ugandans suspected of having tuberculosis. Routine molecular confirmation of positive Lowenstein-Jensen cultures is unnecessary in this low resource setting.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with More Serious Small Intestinal Mucosal Injuries

Background Clinical and experimental research has revealed that diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by intestinal hypomotility, gut microbial dysbiosis, increased gut permeability, microcirculation disorders, circulatory changes, and dysfunction of intestinal stem cells, which may be linked to inflammation of intestinal mucosa. However, the relationship between type 2 DM (T2DM) and macroscopic small intestinal mucosal injuries is still unclear. Therefore, we retrospectively studied capsule endoscopy data to determine the relationship between T2DM and small intestinal mucosal injuries. Materials and Methods We compared the records of 38 T2DM patients with those of 152 non-DM patients for small intestinal mucosal injuries. Different types of mucosal injuries and Lewis scores were compared between T2DM and non-DM patients. The relationships between patients with or without different types of diabetic complications and the Lewis score was assessed. Moreover, the relationships between insulin resistance and Lewis score, between HbA1c and Lewis score, were also both assessed. Results The prevalence of a villous edema in subjects with T2DM was significantly higher than in those without DM (P < 0.001), but incidence of ulcers was not different (P = 1.000). With T2DM, the Lewis score was also significantly higher (P = 0.002). In addition, subjects with diabetic nephropathy showed significantly higher Lewis scores than patients without diabetic nephropathy (P = 0.033). In Pearson’s correlation tests, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) value was correlated positively with the Lewis score (γ = 0.175, P = 0.015), but no statistical correlation was found between HbA1c level and Lewis score (γ = 0.039, P = 0.697). Conclusions Subjects with T2DM, especially those with diabetic nephropathy, have higher Lewis scores and more serious small intestinal mucosal lesions.
Basal metabolism in women with obesity and anorexia nervosa

The results of measurements of basal metabolic rate in patients with obesity and anorexia nervosa have suggested that the basal metabolic activity of cell mass is altered in these diseases. It has been shown repeatedly that basal metabolism, expressed as oxygen consumption per unit of time, is high in obesity and low in anorexia nervosa. When the oxygen consumption per unit of time is referred to the usual reference variable, the body surface area, the values remain low for anorexia nervosa but become normal for obese patients. Since it was earlier thought that body-weight increase in obesity depended on a gain in pure fat, i.e. the metabolically inactive depot substance in fat tissue, it was concluded that obesity is accompanied by hypermetabolism. The adequacy of the body surface area as a reference variable for the expression of the basal metabolism has been questioned repeatedly. This question became of current interest during the last decade with the introduction of in vivo ‘chemical dissection’ (Edelman, Olney, James, Brooks & Moore, 1952) and the measurement of the density of the body (Behnke, Osserman & Welham, 1953) which permitted the determination of different parameters for the metabolically active part of the body in living human subjects, cell mass or lean body mass. Different authors have suggested that lean body mass or cell mass a priori should be considered as more adequate reference variables for basal metabolism than surface area. Studies of body composition in patients with anorexia nervosa demonstrated the loss of large quantities of cell mass. Furthermore, such studies showed that, contrary to previous opinion, there occurs in obesity an increase not only in metabolically inactive depot fat but also in cell mass. These latter observations suggested that the changes in basal metabolism in patients with obesity and anorexia nervosa might be ‘physiological’, due to quantitative changes in cell mass, and that they are not due to hyperor hypo-metabolism. In the present work basal metabolism and body composition were estimated in patients with obesity and anorexia nervosa as well as in a group of healthy women. The relations between basal metabolism and different parameters of cell mass were compared between the different groups of subjects. The results showed that the basal metabolic activity did not differ in these three groups, since the basal metabolism was of the same magnitude when the cell mass was used as a basis of comparison.
Baroclinic Turbulence with Varying Density and Temperature

The explosive or volcanic scenes in motion pictures involve complex turbulent flow as its temperature and density vary in space. To simulate this turbulent flow of an inhomogeneous fluid, we propose a simple and efficient framework. Instead of explicitly computing the complex motion of this fluid dynamical instability, we first approximate the average motion of the fluid. Then, the high-resolution dynamics is computed using our new extended version of the vortex particle method with baroclinity. This baroclinity term makes turbulent effects by generating new vortex particles according to temperature/density distributions. Using our method, we efficiently simulated a complex scene with varying density and temperature.
Impacts of RFID technologies on supply chains: a simulation study of a three-level supply chain subject to shrinkage and delivery errors

This paper addresses the impact of introducing radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies in a three-level supply chain subject to inventory inaccuracy and delivery errors. Inventory inaccuracy occurs because of shrinkage errors (such as thefts, misplacements or unavailable items for sale, etc.), and delivery errors. We develop a simulation study to evaluate qualitative and quantitative impacts of RFID technologies on supply chain performances and profits. Different RFID systems are considered with different costs and efficiencies. Different tagging levels and different types of products are also examined. We analyse the impacts of RFID technologies when supply chains are reengineered using new possibilities enabled by RFID technologies. This paper provides also a general approach to help decision makers using simulation approaches in their decision processes. [Received 10 June 2012; Revised 27 February 2013; Revised 26 July 2013; Accepted 23 August 2013]
Psychological effects of Facebook use : links between intensity of Facebook use, envy, loneliness and FoMO

The aim of the present research was to investigate the relationship between intensity of Facebook use, envy, loneliness and FoMO. Eighty-six participants (44 males and 42 females) were collected from the population of Facebook users through snowball sampling. The study used a quantitative method with correlational design to test the hypotheses. Five measures were used to create an online survey, including a demographic questionnaire, the UCLA Loneliness scale, the Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) scale, the Dispositional Envy scale and the Facebook Intensity scale. The link to the survey was available through Facebook for 5 weeks. Results of the analysis have shown no significant relationship between loneliness, envy and intensity of Facebook use. However, further analysis has found a positive association between FoMO and intensity of Facebook use. In addition, results have shown a positive relationship between envy, loneliness and FoMO. Limitations and future direction are discussed.
Calculating the Mordell-Weil rank of elliptic threefolds and the cohomology of singular hypersurfaces

In this paper we give a method for calculating the rank of a general elliptic curve over the field of rational functions in two variables. We reduce this problem to calculating the cohomology of a singular hypersurface in a weighted projective 4-space. We then give a method for calculating the cohomology of a certain class of singular hypersurfaces, extending work of Dimca for the isolated singularity case.
Screening of Bacteriocin-producing Enterococcus faecalis Strains for Antagonistic Activities against Clostridium perfringens

This study was conducted to isolate and characterize bacteriocin-producing bacteria against Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) from domestic animals to determine their usefulness as probiotics. Bacteriocin-producing bacteria were isolated from pig feces by the spot-on-lawn method. A total of 1,370 bacterial stains were isolated, and six were tentatively selected after identifying the inhibitory activity against the pathogenic indicator C. perfringens KCTC 3269 and KCTC 5100. The selected strains were identified as Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) by 16s rRNA sequencing. Most of the isolated bacterial strains were resistant to 0.5% bile salts for 48 h and remained viable after 2 h at pH 3.0. Some E. faecalis also showed strong inhibitory activity against Listeria monocytogenes KCTC 3569, KCTC 3586 and KCTC 3710. In the present study, we finally selected E. faecalis AP 216 and AP 45 strain based on probiotic selection criteria such as antimicrobial activity against C. perfringens and tolerance to acid and bile salts. The bacteriocins of E. faecalis AP 216 and AP 45 strains were highly thermostable, showing anticlostridial activities even after incubation at 121℃ for 15 min. These bacteriocinproducing bacteria and/or bacteriocins could be used in feed manufacturing as probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics in the livestock industry.