Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Class Formation within the Peasantry: Recent Theoretical Developments in the Analysis of the Peasantry with Specific Reference to the East African Debate

Debate over the `agrarian question' has continued throughout this century. In recent years, however, partly arising from a renewed interest in Marxist theory, research into rural transformation in Latin America, Africa, and India has both attacked and modified the notion of undifferentiated `peasant societies' (Chayanov, Shanin), and approached the classical Marxist model of assumed differentiation (Marx, Engels, Kautsky) as an empirical question. Rejecting the a priori view that the peasantry in the Third World are being polarised into rural bourgeoisie and landless proletarians, recent research has identified the various forms of subsumption of small-holders to capital. A conflict of interest has been identified between indigenous and international finance capital, the former with an interest in differentiation and accumulation in the countryside, the latter preserving, though exploiting, a `non-accumulating middle peasantry'. It has also been argued that capitalist penetration of the countryside might take place in a form that creates accumulating small producers, without creating a landless proletariat, as a result of the absorption of surplus labour by households. Again, it has been suggested that, while retaining the form of individual proprietorship, small producers are `really' disguised proletarians, a thesis developed in opposition to the articulation position. Finally, recent research has posed questions about the implications of particular forms of transition for political action and consciousness.
Ethics and Efficiency in the Provision of Health Care

1.1. A major purpose in nationalizing the provision of health care in the UK was to affect its distribution between people, and, in particular, to minimize the impact of willingness and ability to pay upon that distribution. It has never been clear, however, what alternative distribution rule is to apply. There is no shortage of rhetoric about ‘equality’ and ‘need’, but most of it is vacuous, by which I mean it does not lead to any clear operational guidelines about who should get priority and at whose expense. The closest we have got so far to such explicit guidelines has been the formulae which determine the geographical distribution of NHS funds, the driving force behind which is a notion of need based on relative mortality rates and on the demographic structure. The avowed objective is to bring about equal access for equal need irrespective of where in the UK you happen to be.
Scaling Manifold Ranking Based Image Retrieval

Manifold Ranking is a graph-based ranking algorithm being successfully applied to retrieve images from multimedia databases. Given a query image, Manifold Ranking computes the ranking scores of images in the database by exploiting the relationships among them expressed in the form of a graph. Since Manifold Ranking effectively utilizes the global structure of the graph, it is significantly better at finding intuitive results compared with current approaches. Fundamentally, Manifold Ranking requires an inverse matrix to compute ranking scores and so needs O(n3) time, where n is the number of images. Manifold Ranking, unfortunately, does not scale to support databases with large numbers of images. Our solution, Mogul, is based on two ideas: (1) It efficiently computes ranking scores by sparse matrices, and (2) It skips unnecessary score computations by estimating upper bounding scores. These two ideas reduce the time complexity of Mogul to O(n) from O(n3) of the inverse matrix approach. Experiments show that Mogul is much faster and gives significantly better retrieval quality than a state-of-the-art approximation approach.
The black hole mass–stellar velocity dispersion correlation: bulges versus pseudo-bulges

We investigate the correlation between the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) mass (Mbh) and the stellar velocity dispersion ( ) in two types of host galaxies: the early-type bulges (disk galaxies with classical bulges or elliptical galaxies) and pseudobulges. In the form log(Mbh=M ) = + log( =200 km s 1 ), the best-fit results for the 39 early-type bulges are the slope = 4:06 0:28 and the normalization = 8:28 0:05; the best-fit results for the 9 pseudobulges are = 4:5 1:3, = 7:50 0:18. Both relations have intrinsic scatter in logMbh of . 0.27 dex. The Mbh- relation for pseudobulges is different from the relation in the early-type bulges over the 3 significance level. The contrasting relations indicate the formation and growth histories of SMBHs depend on their host type. The discrepancy between the slope of the Mbh- relations using different definition of velocity dispersion vanishes in our sample, a uniform slope will constrain the coevolution theories of the SMBHs and their host galaxies more effectively. We also find the slope for the “core” elliptical galaxies at the high mass range of the relation appears steeper ( ’ 5-6), which may be the imprint of their origin of dissipationless mergers.
The empirical study of automotive telematics acceptance in Taiwan: comparing three Technology Acceptance Models

Automotive telematics comprises the applications of Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation, multimedia entertainment, wireless communications and automatic driving assistance systems. This study examined users' acceptance of automotive telematics. Following the theory comparison approach, we evaluated including the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and Combined Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)-TPB model (C-TAM-TPB), that could explain users' automotive telematics acceptance decisions. The respective models were evaluated using web-based survey data collected from 345 users about their perceptions of automotive telematics. Overall, the results revealed that the effect of Perceived Ease Of Use, Attitude and Perceived Behavioural Control were very important but that usefulness and Subjective Norm did not influence an individual's Behavioural Intention. The implications of this study were also discussed.
A meta-analysis of the associations between the Q141K and Q126X ABCG2 gene variants and gout risk.

BACKGROUND Gout is an inflammatory disease in which genetic factors play a role. ABCG2 is a urate transporter, and the Q141K and Q126X variants of ABCG2 have been associated with a risk of developing gout, though previous studies of these associations have been inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to explore the relationship between these genetic variants and gout. METHODS We examined 8 electronic literature databases. In total, 9 eligible articles on the associations between the Q141K (rs2231142) and Q126X (rs72552713) variants and gout risk, including 11 case-control studies were selected. We used odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to assess the strength of these relationships in dominant, recessive, and co-dominant models. RESULTS This study included 6652 participants (2499 gout patients and 4153 controls). The Q141K variant was found to significantly increase the risk of gout in Asians (dominant model: OR=2.64, 95% CI=2.04-3.43, P=0.02 for heterogeneity; recessive model: OR=3.19, 95% CI=2.56-3.97, P=0.28 for heterogeneity; co-dominant model: OR=1.37, 95% CI=1.18-1.59, P=0.09 for heterogeneity) and other populations (dominant model: OR=1.85, 95% CI=1.20-2.85, P<0.0001 for heterogeneity; recessive model: OR=3.78, 95% CI=2.28-6.27, P=0.19 for heterogeneity; co-dominant model: OR=1.48, 95% CI=1.26-1.74, P=0.19 for heterogeneity). The Q126X variant also significantly increased the risk of gout in Asians (dominant model: OR=3.87, 95% CI=2.07-7.24, P=0.06 for heterogeneity). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest associations between the rs2231142 and rs72552713 ABCG2 gene polymorphisms and gout risk, which led to unfavorable outcomes. However, studies with larger sample sizes and homogeneous populations should be performed to confirm these results.
Kolmogorov complexity of finite sequences and recognition of different preictal EEG patterns

The problem of an adequate quantitative interpretation of epileptic EEG recordings is of great importance in the understanding, recognition and treatment of epilepsy. In recent years, much effort has been made to develop computerized methods which can characterize different interictal, ictal and postictal stages. The main issue of whether there exist a preictal phenomenon is unresolved. In this paper, we address this issue making use of the most basic representation of data complexity, namely the algorithmic information content. In general this measure, also known as Kolmogorov complexity, represents the compressibility of the data strings. It can also be used to describe properties (linear and nonlinear) of the underlying dynamical system. We analyze Kolmogorov complexity and related characteristics of intracranial EEG recordings containing preictal, ictal and postictal segments. <<ETX>>
Assembling a Career

Objective: Research on labor market outcomes for individuals who enroll in technical colleges is limited, with even less attention to the effects of short-term certificates than associate degrees. Also, despite the importance of manufacturing programs, there is a lack of research on employment outcomes for individuals who enroll in these programs at technical colleges. In this study, we explored how types of credential earned are related to employment outcomes 4 years post-enrollment for students in manufacturing programs at public 2-year technical colleges in Wisconsin. Method: We drew upon administrative and wage data on over 6,000 first-time students matriculating into manufacturing-related programs at Wisconsin’s technical colleges between July 1, 2007, and June 30, 2009. Using ordinary least squares (OLS) and logistic regression, we investigated the association between types of credentials earned and labor market outcomes while controlling for the sample’s socio-demographic background and academic experiences. Results: Our analyses revealed that students, particularly males, who completed an associate degree or a 2-year technical diploma were at an advantage in both rates of employment and earnings. White male students also enjoyed a stronger likelihood of being employed and earned higher annual wages than their ethnic minority counterparts. These advantages were not as manifest among female students. Contributions: Our study indicates that, to advance the employment prospects of technical college students, it is critical to expand institutional efforts to support longer term credential attainment. Our findings did not support the popular jobbing-out myth lingering in manufacturing education at the 2-year college level.
Exploring intersections of physicality and female‐only canoeing experiences1

The benefits of single‐gender experiences for females have been discussed in a variety of contexts, including education, sport and outdoor recreation. In both the discourses of female‐run outdoor adventure travel programs providing such experiences, and the leisure studies and outdoor education literatures, claims are made about the distinct social environment created on such trips and the positive outcomes for females undertaking them. Absent from these discourses is reference to empirical research exploring women's perceptions of such experiences, thereby allowing one to evaluate the merit of such claims. In what would initially appear to be an observation in a completely different vein, there is also a relative dearth of scholarly examinations within leisure and recreational studies of women's lived‐body experiences of their physicalities through active outdoor recreation, and the potentially empowering effects of them. This paper seeks to draw out the connections between these seemingly disparate observations through a qualitative examination of women's experiences of female‐only wilderness canoeing. While the reasons articulated by the women for undertaking such an experience did not explicitly identify issues related to their physicalities, clearly these issues resonated with and held implications for their experiences of them. This, in turn, provides substantiation for claims regarding the importance of the provision of all‐female outdoor experiences.
Impairment of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Dynamics Involved in Isoniazid-Induced Apoptosis of HepG2 Cells Was Alleviated by p38 MAPK Pathway

Isoniazid (INH), a widely used first-line antitubercular drug, has been noted to be associated with hepatotoxicity. In spite of extensive researches over many decades, the mechanism of INH-induced hepatotoxicity still remains poorly understood. Recently, mitochondrial toxicity has been emerging as a new paradigm for INH-induced hepatotoxicity. In this study, we showed that INH impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. INH reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and induced mitochondria swelling. INH also inhibited the protein expressions of three major mitochondrial biogenesis regulators, SIRT1, PGC1α and NRF1, along with increased acetylation of PGC1α. Meanwhile, INH decreased the number of mitochondria, accompanied by decreased expression of mitochondrial protein COX IV. INH caused mitochondrial fragmentation involving decreased levels of the fusion protein MFN2 as well as the fission protein DRP1. INH-reduced DRP1 expression was associated with the increase of apoptosis, suggesting the existence of pro-survival fission and its involvement in mitochondrial quality control. INH activated p38 MAPK, whereas inhibition of p38 MAPK aggravated INH-induced decreases of SIRT1, PGC1α, NRF1, COX IV and DRP1 expressions. P38 MAPK inhibition also further up-regulated the acetylation of PGC1α and exacerbated INH-induced MMP loss, mitochondrial swelling and apoptosis. Taken together, INH-activated p38 MAPK induced mitochondrial biogenesis to alleviate apoptosis through partly recovering SIRT1-PGC1α pathway activation. In the meantime, p38 MAPK activation by INH promoted protective mitochondrial fission to alleviate apoptosis by partial recovery of DRP1 expression.
Recreational Conflict Is Affective: The Case of Cross-Country Skiers and Snowmobiles

The authors conducted a field experiment to test the assumption that subjective feelings are important in recreation conflict. During a weekend, cross-country skiers in a popular recreation area were assigned randomly to an experimental group who were exposed to an operating snowmobile, and a control group who were not exposed. Both groups completed a self-report questionnaire to provide information on their subjective experiences during their outing. The experimental group answered the questions five to ten minutes after encountering a snowmobile. Participants were not informed about the connection between the snowmobile and the investigation, and the questions regarding effects were answered before any clues were given about snowmobiles being an issue. Results showed that relative to the control group, skiers who encountered a snowmobile had their affective quality significantly reduced. Moreover, encountering a single snowmobile had an effect on participants' beliefs about the extent to which noise from snowmobiles disturbed the quality of ski-touring in general.
Association between parental involvement in school and child conduct, social, and internalizing problems: teacher report

The present study examined the factor structure of the Teacher Involvement Questionnaire (Involve-T) by means of exploratory factor analysis and examined the association between children's socio-emotional and behavioural problems and teacher-reported parental involvement in school, using structural equation modelling. The study was conducted with a Norwegian sample of school children in Grades 1–3. Results of the factor analysis supported the use of 3 separate scales, as suggested by the scale author (Webster-Stratton, 1998); however, a number of items in each scale were reduced. Furthermore, the results showed among other findings that teachers reported more frequent contact with parents of children with conduct problems than with those of children who did not display conduct problems, and that parents of children with high levels of socio-emotional competence were more involved in their children's education than other parents. The results need to be replicated in future research in a more representative study population.
Association between JAK2 rs4495487 Polymorphism and Risk of Budd-Chiari Syndrome in China

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are the leading cause of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS), and the C allele of JAK2 rs4495487 was reported to be an additional candidate locus that contributed to MPNs. In the present study, we examined the role of JAK2 rs4495487 in the etiology and clinical presentation of Chinese BCS patients. 300 primary BCS patients and 311 healthy controls were enrolled to evaluate the association between JAK2 rs4495487 polymorphism and risk of BCS. All subjects were detected for JAK2 rs4495487 by real-time PCR. Results. The JAK2 rs4495487 polymorphism was associated with JAK2 V617F-positive BCS patients compared with controls (P < 0.01). The CC genotype increased the risk of BCS in patients with JAK2 V617F mutation compared with individuals presenting TT genotype (OR = 13.60, 95% CI = 2.04–90.79) and non-CC genotype (OR = 12.00, 95% CI = 2.07–69.52). We also observed a significantly elevated risk of combined-type BCS associated with CC genotype in the recessive model (OR = 4.44, 95% CI = 1.31–15.12). This study provides statistical evidence that the JAK2 rs4495487 polymorphism is susceptibility factor JAK2 V617F positive BCS and combined BCS in China. Further larger studies are required to confirm these findings.
Public representations of scientific uncertainty about global climate change

This paper addresses the representation of scientific uncertainty about global warming and climate change in the U.S. popular press. An examination of popular press articles about global warming from 1986 to 1995 reveals that scientific uncertainty was a salient theme. The paper describes several forms of uncertainty construction and means through which it was managed. I argue that scientific uncertainty was used to help construct an exclusionary boundary between “the public” and climate change scientists. This rhetorical boundary delegitimated lay knowledge by suggesting that the public did not hold appropriate reverence for scientific uncertainty and the need for more research.
Effects of reducing children's television and video game use on aggressive behavior: a randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT The relationship between exposure to aggression in the media and children's aggressive behavior is well documented. However, few potential solutions have been evaluated. OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of reducing television, videotape, and video game use on aggressive behavior and perceptions of a mean and scary world. DESIGN Randomized, controlled, school-based trial. SETTING Two sociodemographically and scholastically matched public elementary schools in San Jose, Calif. PARTICIPANTS Third- and fourth-grade students (mean age, 8.9 years) and their parents or guardians. INTERVENTION Children in one elementary school received an 18-lesson, 6-month classroom curriculum to reduce television, videotape, and video game use. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES In September (preintervention) and April (postintervention) of a single school year, children rated their peers' aggressive behavior and reported their perceptions of the world as a mean and scary place. A 60% random sample of children were observed for physical and verbal aggression on the playground. Parents were interviewed by telephone and reported aggressive and delinquent behaviors on the child behavior checklist. The primary outcome measure was peer ratings of aggressive behavior. RESULTS Compared with controls, children in the intervention group had statistically significant decreases in peer ratings of aggression (adjusted mean difference, -2.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -4.6 to -0.2; P =.03) and observed verbal aggression (adjusted mean difference, -0.10 act per minute per child; 95% CI, -0.18 to -0.03; P =.01). Differences in observed physical aggression, parent reports of aggressive behavior, and perceptions of a mean and scary world were not statistically significant but favored the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS An intervention to reduce television, videotape, and video game use decreases aggressive behavior in elementary schoolchildren. These findings support the causal influences of these media on aggression and the potential benefits of reducing children's media use.
What Happened to the First “R”?: Students' Perceptions of the Role of Textbooks in Psychology Courses*

To investigate undergraduate students' perceptions of the role of the textbook in psychology courses, the authors surveyed 311 psychology students. Using an online survey, students answered questions about textbook importance, usage, and preferences and about scenarios that described a textbook as a resource or central course element. If an instructor expected students to read and understand textbook material before class, students perceived they would learn less, enjoy the course less, and find the course more difficult than if an instructor described the textbook as a resource to which students might refer for clarification. Results indicated that students valued classroom experiences more than textbook reading. The authors discuss how such preferences may reflect prior reading experiences and instructors' emphases.
Obstetric outcome of singleton pregnancies achieved with in vitro fertilisation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection: Experience from a district general hospital

Summary We conducted a case-controlled retrospective cohort study of all pregnancies achieved with the help of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in the Assisted Conception Unit of the Royal Shrewsbury Hospital between September 1999 and March 2004 to assess if our experience was comparable with that reported in other studies. A total of 176 women with similar pregnancies were studied, half of which were conceived with ART and the other half were spontaneous pregnancies in fertile women. Continuous variables were compared by means of the paired t-test and categorical variables by means of the McNemar's test. Women who conceived with ART did not appear to be at greater risk of developing pre-eclampsia (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.2–2.9), PPROM (OR 0, CI 0–5.3,) abruptio placentae (OR 0, CI 0–1.5) or placenta praevia (OR 0, CI 0–39). They were, however, more likely to require caesarean delivery (OR 2, CI 0.7–5.8). Our ART women did not have an excess of obstetric complications when compared with their controls who conceived spontaneously. They however, had a tendency to a higher caesarean section rate.
Peripheral pulmonary papillary/glandular neoplasms with ciliated cells and a component of well‐differentiated adenocarcinoma: report of three tumours

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