Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Child Abuse and the Bureaucratisation of Social Work

Child abuse became a public issue in the early 1970s. The alleged failure of social workers and welfare agencies to prevent children being killed by their parents and caretakers led to changes in the practice and organisation in child abuse work. The way public inquiries and government departments framed the problem of child abuse produced solutions which were essentially legalistic and bureaucratic. No longer was the aim to rehabilitate poorly functioning families, but to protect children from dangerous parents. But in order to achieve this aim, it was first necessary to identify the factors that would allow child protection agencies to recognise which families were dangerous and which were not. Once these factors were identified, it was possible to develop administrative systems that would facilitate the collection and analysis of information obtained during the investigation of suspected families. These systems allowed welfare agencies to identify ‘high risk’ cases. During the translation of the problem of child abuse into a set of judicial and bureaucratic procedures, therapeutically orientated professional practices found themselves out-manoeuvered. The translation witnessed the production of social workers as ‘passive agents’, a new cognitive perspective on the problem of child abuse, and a contribution to the bureaucratisation of child care practice.
Prognosis after Surgical Excision of Canine Fibrous Connective Tissue Sarcomas

One hundred eighty seven dogs from which fibrous connective tissue sarcomas had been excised were studied until death or for at least 3 years after surgery. Dogs with a skin fibrosarcoma had a median survival time of 80 weeks, compared with 140 weeks for animals with haemangiopericytoma in similar sites, this difference being statistically significant. However, the difference in survival time between the two histologic types disappeared when tumours with a similar mitotic index were compared. Dogs with a tumour of mitotic index 9 or more had a median survival time of 49 weeks, compared with 118 weeks for those with a tumour of mitotic index less than 9, regardless of tumour morphology. Tumour recurrence rates of 62% and 25% respectively for the two groups were also significantly different.
Algebraic analysis of V-cycle multigrid

We consider multigrid methods for symmetric positive definite linear systems. We develop an algebraic analysis of V-cycle schemes with Galerkin coarse grid matrices. This analysis is based on the Successive Subspace Correction convergence theory which we revisit. We reformulate it in a purely algebraic way, and extend its scope of application to, e.g., algebraic multigrid methods. This reformulation also yields more accurate bounds. Considering a model problem, we show that our results can give a satisfactorily sharp prediction of actual multigrid convergence.
Age-related macular degeneration and changes in the extracellular matrix

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of permanent, irreversible, central blindness (scotoma in the central visual field that makes reading and writing impossible, stereoscopic vision, recognition of colors and details) in patients over the age of 50 years in European and North America countries, and an important role is attributed to disorders in the regulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The main aim of this article is to present the crucial processes that occur on the level of Bruch’s membrane, with special consideration of the metalloproteinase substrates, metalloproteinase, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP). A comprehensive review of the literature was performed through MEDLINE and PubMed searches, covering the years 2005–2012, using the following keywords: AMD, extracellular matrix, metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, Bruch’s membrane, collagen, elastin. In the pathogenesis of AMD, a significant role is played by collagen type I and type IV; elastin; fibulin-3, -5, and -6; matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, MMP-14, and MMP-1; and TIMP-3. Other important mechanisms include: ARMS2 and HTR1 proteins, the complement system, the urokinase plasminogen activator system, and pro-renin receptor activation. Continuous rebuilding of the extracellular matrix occurs in both early and advanced AMD, simultaneously with the dysfunction of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and endothelial cells. The pathological degradation or accumulation of ECM structural components are caused by impairment or hyperactivity of specific MMPs/TIMPs complexes, and is also endangered by the influence of other mechanisms connected with both genetic and environmental factors.
The oscillation and stability of differentially rotating spherical shells

An understanding of the oscillations of differentially rotating systems is key to many areas of astrophysics. It is of particular relevance to the emission of gravitational waves from oscillating neutron stars, which are expected to possess significant differential rotation immediately after birth or binary merger. In a previous paper we analysed the normal modes of a simple system exhibiting differential rotation. In this complementary paper we address the initial-value problem for the same simple model using both analytical methods and numerical time-evolutions. We derive a necessary and sufficient condition for dynamical shear instability. We discuss the dynamical behaviour of the continuous spectrum in response to an initial perturbation, and show that certain singular solutions within the continuous spectrum appear physically indistinguishable from the discrete modes outside the continuous spectrum.
On the Institutional Analysis of Population Programs

Population programs have remained the stepchildren of the contemporary social science literature on population. They have weathered great hopes, disillusionments, and controversy. Their successes and failures in affecting fertility have received widespread attention. Yet the programs themselves, and their institutional realities, have not been given the sustained and rigorous consideration they deserve. Population programs can influence demographic behavior, but the extent of this influence depends on the quality of program design and implementation. To understand their potential impact more fully, research must address not only the basic sociocultural and economic forces affecting population change. It must also analyze how policy blueprints are translated into action, and how these actions in turn influence demographic behavior and human welfare. This has not yet happened to a satisfactory degree. Writing on population programs has been prolific, but the research component of this literature has remained weak. I In this paper we discuss the treatment of population programs in the dominant social-demographic research tradition and in the alternative tradition that derives from public administration, organization behavior, and management sciences, showing the advances and limitations of both orientations. We then propose an elaboration of the dominant social-demographic model that specifies program variables. We focus on programs to affect fertility, but many of the arguments we make apply to programs seeking to influence migration and mortality as well. Within the area of fertility we concentrate on family planning, although our conclusions would hold for programs designed to increase fertility.
Work values as predictors of entrepreneurial career intentions

Purpose – Work values are an important characteristic to understand gender differences in career intentions, but how gender affects the relationship between values and career intentions is not well established. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether gender moderates the effects of work values on level and change of entrepreneurial intentions (EI). Design/methodology/approach – In total, 218 German university students were sampled regarding work values and with EI assessed three times over the course of 12 months. Data were analysed with latent growth modelling.Findings – Self‐enhancement and openness to change values predicted higher levels and conservation values lower levels of EI. Gender moderated the effects of enhancement and conservation values on change in EI.Research limitations/implications – The authors relied on self‐reported measures and the sample was restricted to university students. Future research needs to verify to what extent these results generalize to other samples and dif.
Frequency-Limited Balanced Truncation with Low-Rank Approximations

In this article we investigate model order reduction of large-scale systems using frequency-limited balanced truncation, which restricts the well known balanced truncation framework to prescribed frequency regions. The main emphasis is put on the efficient numerical realization of this model reduction approach. We discuss numerical methods to take care of the involved matrix-valued functions. The occurring large-scale Lyapunov equations are solved for low-rank approximations for which we also establish results regarding the eigenvalues of their solutions. These results, and also numerical experiments, will show that the eigenvalues of the Lyapunov solutions in frequency-limited balanced truncation often decay faster than those in standard balanced truncation. Moreover, we show in further numerical examples that frequency-limited balanced truncation generates reduced order models which are significantly more accurate in the considered frequency region.
Quantitative comparison of villin headpiece subdomain simulations and triplet–triplet energy transfer experiments

As the fastest folding protein, the villin headpiece (HP35) serves as an important bridge between simulation and experimental studies of protein folding. Despite the simplicity of this system, experiments continue to reveal a number of surprises, including structure in the unfolded state and complex equilibrium dynamics near the native state. Using 2.5 ms of molecular dynamics and Markov state models, we connect to current experimental results in three ways. First, we present and validate a novel method for the quantitative prediction of triplet–triplet energy transfer experiments. Second, we construct a many-state model for HP35 that is consistent with previous experiments. Finally, we predict contact-formation time traces for all 1,225 possible triplet–triplet energy transfer experiments on HP35.
Pseudotyping Incompatibility between HIV-1 and Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus Env Is Modulated by Vpu

ABSTRACT The Env protein from gibbon ape leukemia virus (GaLV) has been shown to be incompatible with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the production of infectious pseudotyped particles. This incompatibility has been mapped to the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of GaLV Env. Surprisingly, we found that the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpu modulates this incompatibility. The infectivity of HIV-1 pseudotyped with murine leukemia virus (MLV) Env was not affected by Vpu. However, the infectivity of HIV-1 pseudotyped with an MLV Env with the cytoplasmic tail from GaLV Env (MLV/GaLV Env) was restricted 50- to 100-fold by Vpu. A Vpu mutant containing a scrambled membrane-spanning domain, VpuRD, was still able to restrict MLV/GaLV Env, but mutation of the serine residues at positions 52 and 56 completely alleviated the restriction. Loss of infectivity appeared to be caused by reduced MLV/GaLV Env incorporation into viral particles. The mechanism of this downmodulation appears to be distinct from Vpu-mediated CD4 downmodulation because Vpu-expressing cells that failed to produce infectious HIV-1 particles nonetheless continued to display robust surface MLV/GaLV Env expression. In addition, if MLV and HIV-1 were simultaneously introduced into the same cells, only the HIV-1 particle infectivity was restricted by Vpu. Collectively, these data suggest that Vpu modulates the cellular distribution of MLV/GaLV Env, preventing its recruitment to HIV-1 budding sites.
Culture, gender and self–close‐other(s) connectedness in Canadian and Chinese samples

Founded upon the theories of Independent–Interdependent Self-Construal and I–C, the main goal of this study was to test, via an adapted IOS Scale, whether Anglo-Canadians were more independent than Mainland Chinese in construing their relationship with family members and friends. Strong cultural differences were found in self–family connectedness, but not in self–friends connectedness. Chinese were closer to their family members than Canadians, but Canadians were as close to their friends as Chinese. In both samples, gender difference was found in self–friends connectedness, but not in self–family connectedness. In the Canadian sample, females were closer to their friends than males, while in the Chinese sample, males were closer to their friends than females. In conclusion, this study contributes to the field in three ways. First, the finding that Canadians are as connected as Chinese to their close friends unprecedentedly contests one fundamental assumption of the theories of independent-interdependent self-construal (Markus & Kitayama, 1991) and I–C (Hofstede,1980; Triandis, Bontempo, Villareal, Asia & Lucca, 1988) that individualists (e.g. Anglo-Canadians) are more independent than collectivists (e.g. Chinese) on all dimensions of human relations. Second, the proposition (Cross & Madson, 1997) that Western males and females differ in the same way individualists and collectivists differ in their self-construal is not supported. Finally, the adaptation of the IOS Scale proposes a refreshing direction in cross-cultural research. Graphic representations may be less susceptible to cross-cultural misconstrual than verbal statements since the former involves little or no translation from one language to another. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The bacteriological quality of traditional water sources in north-eastern Imo State, Nigeria

SUMMARY Monthly bacteriological water testing of traditional water sources (ponds, rivers, unprotected springs and traditional wells) used by five villages in northeastern Imo State, Nigeria, was conducted during the period January 1983 to August 1985. The membrane-filtration technique was used to detect faecal coliforms (FC) and faecal streptococci (FS). Evidence of faecal pollution was seen throughout the year for all water sources. During the study period, the monthly geometric mean counts per 100 ml of water (all sources combined) ranged from 760 to 17877 for FC and from 678 to 17394 for FS. The peak period of faecal pollution occurred during the transition between the dry and wet seasons and in the early wet season. During this peak pollution season (February–May), the geometric mean counts were 2·5–7·2 times higher than in the remaining part of the year for all source types except rivers, with ponds being the most heavily polluted. Preliminary findings on the sensitivity and specificity, in this tropical environment, of the standard membrane-filtration technique for enumerating FC are presented. The implications of the findings of this study for the environmental control of waterborne and hygiene-related diseases are discussed.
Running head : PARENTING AND YOUTH ANXIETY 1 Risk Factors For Youth Anxiety : The Role of Parenting

This paper reviews the recent literature on the role that parenting has in the development of youth anxiety. Research indicates that certain parenting behaviors may be risk factors for youth anxiety problems. Three dimensions of parenting are examined as potential risk factors for youth anxiety: negative parenting behaviors (i.e. control and rejection), anxious rearing, and poor parental discipline practices. This review presents evidence for each of these dimensions as risk factors for anxiety, while also acknowledging this body of literature’s methodological considerations and shortcomings. Finally, this paper concludes with a proposal for a study that examines whether a variety of parental discipline practices are associated with greater levels of anxiety disorders and trait anxiety in youth. Parent and child gender effects on the association between parental discipline and youth anxiety problems will also be assessed.
The Legal Community: Judges, Lawyers, Officials and Clerks in the Writing of Europe

This article argues that EU legal studies whould pay more attention to the legal discourse that sustains the conceptions of law and legal politics underlying European law. Drawing loosely on Bourdieu’s concept of ‘legal fields’, it offers a social and intellectual reconstruction of European legal thinking by way of empirical analysis of European legal writing. The article argues that the autonomy, technicality and specificity of European law should be seen at least in part as consequences of the social and professional structure of the community of EU laywers.
Lebesgue-Type Inequalities for Greedy Approximation in Banach Spaces

We study sparse representations and sparse approximations with respect to incoherent dictionaries. We address the problem of designing and analyzing greedy methods of approximation. A key question in this regard is: How to measure efficiency of a specific algorithm? Answering this question, we prove the Lebesgue-type inequalities for algorithms under consideration. A very important new ingredient of the paper is that we perform our analysis in a Banach space instead of a Hilbert space. It is known that in many numerical problems, users are satisfied with a Hilbert space setting and do not consider a more general setting in a Banach space. There are known arguments that justify interest in Banach spaces. In this paper, we give one more argument in favor of consideration of greedy approximation in Banach spaces. We introduce a concept of M-coherent dictionary in a Banach space which is a generalization of the corresponding concept in a Hilbert space. We analyze the quasi-orthogonal greedy algorithm (QOGA), which is a generalization of the orthogonal greedy algorithm (orthogonal matching pursuit) for Banach spaces. It is known that the QOGA recovers exactly S -sparse signals after S iterations provided S <; (1+1/M)/2. This result is well known for the orthogonal greedy algorithm in Hilbert spaces. The following question is of great importance: Are there dictionaries in \BBRn such that their coherence in lpn is less than their coherence in l2n for some p ∈ (1,∞)? We show that the answer to the above question is “yes. ” Thus, for such dictionaries, replacing the Hilbert space l2n by a Banach space lpn , we improve an upper bound for sparsity that guarantees an exact recovery of a signal.
N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide variability in stable dialysis patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Monitoring N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) may be useful for assessing cardiovascular risk in dialysis patients. However, its biologic variation is unknown, hindering the accurate interpretation of serial concentrations. The aims of this prospective cohort study were to estimate the within- and between-person coefficients of variation of NT-proBNP in stable dialysis patients, and derive the critical difference between measurements needed to exclude biologic and analytic variation. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Fifty-five prevalent hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients attending two hospitals were assessed weekly for 5 weeks and then monthly for 4 months between October 2010 and April 2012. Assessments were conducted at the same time in the dialysis cycle and entailed NT-proBNP testing, clinical review, electrocardiography, and bioimpedance spectroscopy. Patients were excluded if they became unstable. RESULTS This study analyzed 136 weekly and 113 monthly NT-proBNP measurements from 40 and 41 stable patients, respectively. Results showed that 22% had ischemic heart disease; 9% and 87% had left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction, respectively. Respective between- and within-person coefficients of variation were 153% and 27% for weekly measurements, and 148% and 35% for monthly measurements. Within-person variation was unaffected by dialysis modality, hydration status, inflammation, or cardiac comorbidity. NT-proBNP concentrations measured at weekly intervals needed to increase by at least 46% or decrease by 84% to exclude change due to biologic and analytic variation alone with 90% certainty, whereas monthly measurements needed to increase by at least 119% or decrease by 54%. CONCLUSIONS The between-person variation of NT-proBNP was large and markedly greater than within-person variation, indicating that NT-proBNP testing might better be applied in the dialysis population using a relative-change strategy. Serial NT-proBNP concentrations need to double or halve to confidently exclude change due to analytic and biologic variation alone.
Symptom and problem focused coping strategies of business women expatriates and their socio‐cultural adjustment in Hong Kong

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore coping strategies of female business expatriates and to examine how these strategies are associated with the women's international adjustment.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected through mail surveys to western female business expatriates in Hong Kong regarding their coping strategies and adjustment.Findings – As predicted, the results showed that the female expatriates more often used problem focused than symptom focused coping strategies. Surprisingly, there was no association between problem focused coping strategies and socio‐cultural adjustment. However, as expected, symptom focused coping strategies were negatively related to adjusting in socio‐cultural terms. As presumed, there was no relationship between any of the coping strategies and psychological adjustment.Research limitations/implications – The special contextual circumstances in Hong Kong could have contributed to the unanticipated findings that there was no association between .
Connecting linguistic variation and non-linguistic behaviour

Abstract This paper reviews well-established results from sociolinguistics and social psychology, presents recent results at the interface of the two, and argues that – together – the literature predicts unexplored interactions between non-linguistic behavioural patterns and linguistic variation. It is well documented in sociolinguistics that individuals shift their speech patterns in response to their interlocutors and environment, and that this can sometimes be quite subtle and automatic. That is – speech can be affected by environmental primes. We explore the degree to which speech may also act as a prime. Results from the social psychology literature suggest that linguistic choices should have consequences for our non-linguistic behaviours (such as claimed attitudes, or physical movements). Behavioural experiences throughout our lives might also shape and influence our linguistic repertoires. We present a range of literature related to this question, and present some preliminary evidence that speech can indeed act as a behavioural prime.