Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Home care of malaria-infected children of less than 5 years of age in a rural area of the Republic of Guinea.

OBJECTIVES To assess the ability of mothers in a rural area of the Republic of Guinea to identify fever in their children, and to estimate the proportion of children who received antimalarial drugs. METHODS Children under 5 years of age in 41 villages were selected by a two-step cluster sampling technique. During home visits we examined the children and questioned their mothers about the child's symptoms and treatment. FINDINGS Of 784 children examined, 23% were febrile and more than half of them also had a positive smear result for Plasmodium. Mothers reported 63% of children with a temperature > or = 37.5 degrees C as sick. Among all children reported as feverish by their mother, 55% had a normal temperature (< 37.5 degrees C). In contrast, a temperature > or = 37.5 degrees C was found in 38% of children identified as sick but afebrile by their mother and in 13% of children considered healthy. Among febrile children, 18% were given chloroquine at home or had consulted at the health centre or a dispensary. CONCLUSION In areas where malaria is endemic, recognition of fever and its presumptive treatment with antimalarial drugs is an essential part of the strategy of the World Health Organization (WHO) to reduce the morbidity due to this disease. This population study shows that mothers often failed to identify fever in their children and to consult or to provide antimalarial treatment. Without great efforts to improve home care, it is unlikely that the morbidity and mortality due to malaria in young children will be greatly reduced.
Emergence of clonally related Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates of sequence type 258 producing plasmid-mediated KPC carbapenemase in Norway and Sweden.

BACKGROUND The class A carbapenemase KPC has disseminated rapidly worldwide, challenging the treatment of Gram-negative infections. This report describes the first KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates identified in Norway (n=6) and the second isolate from Sweden. METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined using Etest. PCR and sequencing were used to determine the bla(KPC) variant, the surrounding genetic structure and the presence of AmpC and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes. PFGE and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were used for epidemiological comparisons. Localization of bla(KPC) was investigated by S1 nuclease digestion, followed by PFGE and Southern blot hybridization. RESULTS All isolates expressed a multidrug-resistant phenotype with some variability in the carbapenem susceptibility profile. The Norwegian isolates carried bla(KPC-2), while the Swedish isolate carried bla(KPC-3). All isolates carried TEM-1, but were negative for bla(CTX-M) and bla(AmpC) genes. SHV-11 and SHV-12 were detected in the Norwegian isolates, while the Swedish isolate carried only SHV-11. Isolates from four patients were associated with import from Greece (n=3) and Israel. The other isolates were probably associated with local transmissions. PFGE and MLST showed that the isolates were clonally related, with three isolates displaying ST258, a single locus variant of ST11 previously associated with the clonal spread of CTX-M-15-producing K. pneumoniae in Hungary. In all isolates, bla(KPC) was located on plasmids as part of isoform a of Tn4401. CONCLUSIONS The emergence of KPC-producing isolates of K. pneumoniae in Norway and Sweden is associated with multiple import events and probable local transmission of a successful multiresistant ST258 clone, closely related to the CTX-M-15-producing ST11 clone previously described in Hungary.
Re-evaluation of the histopathologic classification of ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis: a study of 121 patients in a single center.

BACKGROUND The recently published histopathologic classification of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis might greatly aid in the prognostication of patients at the time of diagnosis. This study aims to re-evaluate the new classification for its prognostic capacity in an independent Chinese series. METHODS One hundred and twenty-one consecutive patients with ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis, diagnosed in our center from 1997 to 2010, were included in this retrospective study. The renal specimens were reviewed according to the proposed histopathologic classification. The predictive value of the classification for renal outcome and renal response to treatment was analyzed. RESULTS Thirty-three (27.3%), 24 (19.8%), 53 (43.8%) and 11 (9.1%) patients were classified as focal, mixed, crescentic and sclerotic ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis, respectively. The renal biopsy categories correlated with initial serum creatinine and the renal response to treatment (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, respectively). The probability of progressing to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) increased with ascending categories of focal, mixed, crescentic and sclerotic glomerulonephritis (P < 0.01). The patients with focal, mixed and crescentic ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis were all at decreased risk for developing ESRD compared with the patients with in the sclerotic category (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The proposed classification system was re-evaluated for the first time in a relatively large and independent series of patients. This system reflects the severity of the initial renal impairment and can predict, at least to some extent, the renal response to treatment. More importantly, it can independently predict renal outcome, in particular development of ESRD.
The plasminogen system and cell surfaces: evidence for plasminogen and urokinase receptors on the same cell type

The capacity of cells to interact with the plasminogen activator, urokinase, and the zymogen, plasminogen, was assessed using the promyeloid leukemic U937 cell line and the diploid fetal lung GM1380 fibroblast cell line. Urokinase bound to both cell lines in a time- dependent, specific, and saturable manner (Kd = 0.8-2.0 nM). An active catalytic site was not required for urokinase binding to the cells, and 55,000-mol-wt urokinase was selectively recognized. Plasminogen also bound to the two cell lines in a specific and saturable manner. This interaction occurred with a Kd of 0.8-0.9 microM and was of very high capacity (1.6-3.1 X 10(7) molecules bound/cell). The interaction of plasminogen with both cell types was partially sensitive to trypsinization of the cells and required an unoccupied high affinity lysine-binding site in the ligand. When plasminogen was added to the GM1380 cells, a line with high intrinsic plasminogen activator activity, the bound ligand was comprised of both plasminogen and plasmin. Urokinase, in catalytically active or inactive form, enhanced plasminogen binding to the two cell lines by 1.4-3.3-fold. Plasmin was the predominant form of the bound ligand when active urokinase was added, and preformed plasmin can also bind directly to the cells. Plasmin on the cell surface was also protected from its primary inhibitor, alpha 2-antiplasmin. These results indicate that the two cell lines possess specific binding sites for plasminogen and urokinase, and a family of widely distributed cellular receptors for these components may be considered. Endogenous or exogenous plasminogen activators can generate plasmin on cell surfaces, and such activation may provide a mechanism for arming cell surfaces with the broad proteolytic activity of this enzyme.
Perceived dangerousness of children with mental health problems and support for coerced treatment.

OBJECTIVE This study examined the public's beliefs regarding the potential for harm to self and others and the public's willingness to invoke coercive or legal means to ensure treatment of children. METHODS Using data from the National Stigma Study-Children (NSS-C), which presented vignettes to 1,152 individuals, the investigators compared public perceptions of the dangerousness of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), major depression, asthma, and "daily troubles. " Multivariate analyses were used to examine the predictors of perceptions of dangerousness and the willingness to support legally enforced treatment of these conditions. RESULTS Children with ADHD and children with major depression were perceived (by 33% and 81% of the sample, respectively) as somewhat likely or very likely to be dangerous to themselves or others, compared with children with asthma (15%) or those with "daily troubles" (13%). Over one-third of the sample (35%) were willing to use legal means to force children with depression to see a clinician. However, even more (42%) endorsed forced treatment for a child with asthma. Furthermore, individuals who labeled the child as "mentally ill" were approximately twice as likely to report a potential for violence and five times as likely to support forced treatment. CONCLUSIONS Large numbers of people in the United States link children's mental health problems, particularly depression, to a potential for violence and support legally mandated treatment. These evaluations appear to reflect the stigma associated with mental illness and the public's concern for parental responsibility.
Problems concerned with gametogenesis in Haemosporidiidea, with particular reference to the genus Plasmodium

Although many interesting observations have been made upon gametogenesis in Haemosporidiidea many fundamental problems await solution. Our knowledge of the nuclear changes occurring during the development of the gametes and the fertilization of the female gamete is still incomplete. Little is known of the factors which control gametocyte production, though there is evidence that in some species, i.e. Leucocytozoon simondi and Haemoproteus columbae in the duck, it is influenced by the physiological stage of the host. The type of host and the method of transmission have also been shown to affect the numbers of gametocytes formed in some species. No correlation has been found in Plasmodium, the genus in which this subject has been studied extensively, between acquired immunity and gametocyte formation. Although a broad relationship has been demonstrated in Plasmodium between the density of gametocytes in the blood and the oocyst rate and density assessed in susceptible mosquitoes, hosts heavily infected with apparently ripe gametocytes may prove non-infective to susceptible mosquitoes. In birds heavily infected with P. gallinaceum, serum taken at the peak of parasitaemia has been shown to affect adversely the infectivity of gametocytes to mosquitoes. Pamaquin and primaquine, in small doses, inhibit the development of gametocytes completely, whereas proguanil may not prevent the formation of oocysts though it inhibits their subsequent development. High densities of gametocytes have been observed in patients treated with proguanil or sulphamethazine. An actual in crease in the number of gametocytes produced, as compared with the untreated control strain, was observed in strains of P. gallinaceum in process of developing resistance to sulphadiazine, proguanil or 2:4-diamino-6:7-diisopropylpteridine as a result of treatment with those drugs.
A follow-up study of adolescents with conduct disorder: Can long-term outcome be predicted from psychiatric assessment data?

This study examines Swedish young adults (mean age 21) with a history of conduct disorder (CD) as adolescents. Using medical records, this study explores the relationship between adolescent inpatients and their outcomes in adulthood. Two outcome variables were used: an indication of non-successful outcome variable (seven undesirable outcomes) and sense of coherence. Using multiple regression analyses, this study showed that extracted data from the medical case record could significantly explain small variance depending on output variable. The small variance could be related to the homogeneous clinical sample, the follow-up time, the outcome variables and the absence of a biological perspective. This study suggest, clinicians should be very careful when predicting outcome in young adulthood, if they should predict outcome at all. The positive conclusion in this matter is that as far as we know any teenager with CD could have a positive outcome in young adulthood.
From Quantum Groups to Unitary Modular Tensor Categories

Modular tensor categories are generalizations of the representation categories of quantum groups at roots of unity axiomatizing the properties nec- essary to produce 3-dimensional TQFTs. Although other constructions have since been found, quantum groups remain the most prolific source. Recently proposed applications to quantum computing have provided an impetus to un- derstand and describe these examples as explicitly as possible, especially those that are "physically feasible. " We survey the current status of the problem of producing unitary modular tensor categories from quantum groups, emphasiz- ing explicit computations. We outline the development of the theory of modular tensor categories from quantum groups with an eye towards new applications to quantum computing that motivate our point of view. In this article, we take quantum group to mean the "classical" q-deformation of the universal enveloping algebra of a simple complex finite dimensional Lie algebra as in the book by Lusztig (L), rather than the broader class of Hopf algebras the term sometimes describes. 1.1. Background. The representation theory of quantum groups has proven to be a useful tool and a fruitful source of examples in many areas of mathematics. The general definition of a quantum group (as a Hopf algebra) was given around 1985 by Drinfeld (D) and independently Jimbo (Ji) as a method for finding solutions to the quantum Yang-Baxter equation. These solutions led to new representations of Artin's braid group Bn and connections to link invariants. In fact, special- izations of the famous polynomial invariants of Jones (J), the six-authored paper (HOMFLY) and Kauffman (Kf) have been obtained in this way. Reshetikhin and Turaev (RT) used this connection to derive invariants of 3-manifolds from modular Hopf algebras, examples of which can be found among quantum groups at roots of unity (see (RT) and (TW1), much simplified by constructions in (A)). When Witten (Wi) introduced the notion of a topological quantum field theory (TQFT)
Exploring processor design options for Java-based middleware

Java-based middleware is a rapidly growing workload for high-end server processors, particularly chip multiprocessors (CMP). To help architects design future microprocessors to run this important new workload, we provide a detailed characterization of two popular Java server benchmarks, ECperf and SPECjbb2000. We first estimate the amount of instruction-level parallelism in these workloads by simulating a very wide issue processor with perfect caches and perfect branch predictors. We then identify performance bottlenecks for these workloads on a more realistic processor by selectively idealizing individual processor structures. Finally, we combine our findings on available ILP in Java middleware with results from previous papers that characterize the availibility of TLP to investigate the optimal balance between ILP and TLP in CMPs. We find that, like other commercial workloads, Java middleware has only a small amount of instruction-level parallelism, even when run on very aggressive processors. When run on processors resembling currently available processors, the performance of Java middleware is limited by frequent traps, address translation and stalls in the memory system. We find that SPECjbb2000 differs from ECperf in two meaningful ways: (1) the performance of ECperf is affected much more by cache and TLB misses during instruction fetch and (2) SPECjbb2000 has more memory-level parallelism.
Spurious TCP timeouts in 802.11 networks

In this paper, we investigate spurious TCP timeouts in 802.11 wireless networks. Though timeouts can be a problem for uploads from an 802.11 network, these timeouts are not spurious but are caused by a bottleneck at the access point. Once this bottleneck is removed, we find that spurious timeouts are rare, even in the face of large changes in numbers of active stations or PHY rate.
Preschool children’s context-specific sedentary behaviours and parental socioeconomic status in Finland: a cross-sectional study

Objectives This study examined the associations of parental socioeconomic status (SES) with preschoolers’ objectively measured sedentary time (SED) over the course of a week and with parent-reported children’s screen and reading times at home as indicators of sedentary behaviours (SB). Design Cross-sectional. Setting In years 2015 and 2016 in Finland. Participants 864 children, aged 3–6 years, with their parents. Outcome measures Children’s accelerometer data were transformed into average SED minutes per hour in different contexts (preschool, home during preschool days, weekend and total). Parent-reported children’s screen and reading times were expressed as average daily minutes. The SES indicators (maternal and paternal education and relative household income) were grouped into three categories. Linear or logistic regression analyses were used, with municipality, season, and children’s gender and age as covariates. CIs were adjusted for clustering at the preschool group level. Results Children with low maternal (β=17.21, 95% CI: 8.71 to 25.71) and paternal (β=10.54, 95% CI: 0.77 to 20.30) education had more overall screen time at home than their more advantaged counterparts. SES differences in overall screen time were mostly explained by TV viewing. Children with low as opposed to high maternal education (β=−2.66, 95% CI: −4.95 to –0.38) had less reading time at home. Children whose fathers were on the middle (β=−1.15, 95% CI: −2.01 to –0.29) educational level had less weekend SED than those with high paternal education. Otherwise, parental SES was not related to objectively measured SED. Conclusions The results of this study highlight the fact that the associations between parental SES and preschoolers’ SB are dependent on the indicators of SES and SBs, and vary between different contexts. Generally, parental SES was not associated with SED, whereas some SES differences existed in screen time and reading time at home. Interventions aiming to diminish SES differences in children’s SB should focus on home hours. Trial registration number ISRCTN57165350.
Materials management : an effective tool for optimizing profitability in the Nigerian food and beverage manufacturing industry

Materials play a key role in manufacturing firms as it represents the major component of manufacturing cost and profitability. The accumulation of, and need for materials in the form of inventories, is a significant variable for managers to concentrate on, monitor and control. This study therefore examined the effect of Materials Management on the profitability of Nigerian Food and Beverage (F&B) Manufacturing firms using a case study of Nigerian Bottling Company (NBC) Plc. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire, relevant publications and interview with key individuals in the company. The results showed that there was significant increase in the company's profitability as a result of efficient management of materials, which was aided by inter-departmental coordination among materials related departments, inventory management, good relationship with vendors, and state-of-the-art facilities/ICT. However, the major constraints to Materials Management in the company included epileptic public power supply and poor transportation network. This study advocated that priority should be given to Materials Management in F&B Manufacturing Industry in order to achieve significant cost saving, improvement in production efficiency, and increase in profitability and competitiveness. Recommendation was made for government to provide adequate infrastructural supports to boost Materials Management in Nigerian F&B Manufacturing Industry.
Milk Volume on Day 4 and Income Predictive of Lactation Adequacy at 6 Weeks of Mothers of Nonnursing Preterm Infants

Lactating mothers of preterm infants who are pump-dependent are at high risk for difficulty maintaining an adequate milk supply. This article reports the naturally occurring volume of milk removed from the breast by mechanical expression over time for 81 mothers of nonnursing preterm infants from 4 tertiary care centers in the Midwest. Baseline variables (infant gestation in weeks; intended length in weeks to breastfeed; number of hours postdelivery to first breast stimulation; infant weight in grams; timing of decision to provide mother's milk; income; maternal education, kangaroo care during week 1; previous breastfeeding experience; white, non-Hispanic) and day 4 variables (milk volume, frequency of pumping) were explored for predicting milk adequacy at week 6. Using the significant predictive variables of milk levels at day 4 and income, the logistic regression accurately classified 85% of the 40 mothers with inadequate milk production (<500 mL/d) and 85.5% of the 41 mothers with adequate milk production (≥500 mL/d). While controlling for income, the 27 mothers with lowest milk production at 4 days were 9.5 times more likely to have an inadequate milk supply at 6 weeks than the 54 mothers with higher milk production. While controlling for day 4 milk production, lower annual income mothers (<$50,000) were 5 times more at risk of inadequate milk production than those with high income (≥$50,000) at week 6. This study emphasizes the importance of the amount of milk volume expressed in the early postpartum period during lactogenesis. In addition, neonatal nurses need to be cognizant that income levels may make a difference in milk production.
Successful Mechanical Thrombectomy of a Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion 14 Hours after Stroke Onset

A 54-year-old patient presented with mild right-sided weakness of hand and face with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) of 2 and occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) in the M1 segment with a large perfusion deficit on computed tomography (CT). Due to mild neurological deficits no IVT was performed. Nine hours after symptom onset the patient gradually deteriorated with a NIHSS fluctuating between 9 and 15. MRI showed a persistent occlusion of the MCA with a large diffusion-perfusion mismatch. Immediate endovascular thrombectomy was performed 14 hours after symptom onset with complete recanalization and complete clinical recovery. Although mechanical thrombectomy is generally considered an effective alternative strategy up to 8 hours after stroke onset, selected patients with a large diffusion/perfusion mismatch and small infarct cores may benefit from an expanded therapeutic window.