Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Redox State in Professional Cyclists Following Competitive Sports Activity

Introduction: Measuring oxidative stress (OS) and antioxidant reserve (AOR) may be useful in assessing the physical condition of athletes taking part in competitive sports activities. Aim: During the "Giro d'Italia" in May 2011, the redox state of an entire cycle racing team was monitored to determine the risk of cyclists developing "redox inflammation", which might herald the onset of pathological conditions. Materials and Methods: The nine members of the Liquigas cycle racing team were analyzed using a FRAS 4 Evolvo System. OS was determined by measuring plasma hydroperoxides (d-ROMs test) and AOR by measuring water-soluble antioxidants in the plasma (BAP test). The latter was expressed in terms of μEq of Vitamin C. Both measurements were carried out at four different times during the race: baseline, in the morning two days before the start (B); in the morning of the rest day after 9 stages (M1); in the evening after the most stressing mountain stage (MS); in the morning before the start of the last stage (M2). Each cyclist's performance was determined at the end of the race according to an ordinal scale ranging from 1 to 9. Results: The d-ROMs test values (M ± SD) increased over time from 245 ± 17.2 to 322 ± 50.9 CARR. U. (1 CARR.U. corresponds to 0.08 mg/dL of H2O2). The BAP test values dropped from 2574 to 1962 μEq of Vitamin C. Athletic performance was directly correlated with increases in OS (Spearman rs = 0.714 p 0.05). Conclusions: Redox balance assessment is a useful tool to: a) monitor athletic performance and predict the onset of redox inflammatory state (RI), which might be detrimental to the athlete's physical condition; b) propose suitable supplementation with particular foods and dietary supplements.
Acquiring and Analyzing App Metrics for Effective Mobile Malware Detection

Android malware is becoming very effective in evading detection techniques, and traditional malware detection techniques are demonstrating their weaknesses. Signature based detection shows at least two drawbacks: first, the detection is possible only after the malware has been identified, and the time needed to produce and distribute the signature provides attackers with window of opportunities for spreading the malware in the wild. For solving this problem, different approaches that try to characterize the malicious behavior through the invoked system and API calls emerged. Unfortunately, several evasion techniques have proven effective to evade detection based on system and API calls. In this paper, we propose an approach for capturing the malicious behavior in terms of device resource consumption (using a thorough set of features), which is much more difficult to camouflage. We describe a procedure, and the corresponding practical setting, for extracting those features with the aim of maximizing their discriminative power. Finally, we describe the promising results we obtained experimenting on more than 2000 applications, on which our approach exhibited an accuracy greater than 99%.
Translating Formal Software Specifications to Natural Language A Grammar-Based Approach

We describe a system for automatically translating formal software specifications to natural language. The system produces natural language which is acceptable to a human reader, and it supports byhand optimization by users who are not experts of our system. The translation system is implemented using the Grammatical Framework, a grammar formalism based on Martin-Löf’s type theory. We show that this grammar-based approach scales well enough to handle a non-trivial case study: translating the Object Constraint Language specifications of the Java Card API into English.
Personality characteristics and moral judgment

The cognitive-developmental approach to morality represents a wider theoretical framework of this research. The study had as its objective to determine the relative contribution of some personality characteristics to moral judgement at different developmental levels. More precisely, moral judgement is connected with an individual's intellectual abilities, empathy and EysenckAEs basic dimensions of personality. Moral judgement was examined by Rests Defining Issues Test that consists of six stories, similar to KohlbergAEs moral dilemmas. The usual psychometric means were used for intelligence assessment. The Emotional Empathy Scale (Mehrabian and Epstein, 1972) and EysenckAEs EPQ were also used. The research sample consisted of 506 pupils, aged 16-17. Factor analysis and canonical correlation analysis were applied to the gathered data. The results confirmed that there is a relation between moral judgement and cognitive abilities, especially on the postconventional level. Some noncognitive properties of personality (empathy, extroversion, neuroticism) are of some importance for the conventional forms of moral thinking. The findings suggest that moral judgement is not in its nature an exclusively cognitive process which can be thoroughly explained by the Ethics of justice principles. In short, moral judgement is the act of a Person as a whole. Moral person cannot be reduced to a moral thinker and Homo Justitiae. All in all, the results show that a cognitivistic approach cannot offer a complete explanation of the moral judgement processes.
Genetic Compositions of Broad bean wilt virus 2 Infecting Red Pepper in Korea

The incidence of Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2) on red pepper was investigated using the samples obtained from 24 areas of 8 provinces in Korea. Two hundred and five samples (79%) out of 260 collected samples were found to be infected with BBWV2. While the single infection rate of BBWV2 was 21.5%, the co-infection rate of BBWV2 with Cucumber mosaic virus, Pepper mottle virus, Pepper mild mottle virus and/or Potato virus Y was 78.5%. To characterize the genetic diversity of BBWV2 Korean isolates, 7 isolates were fully sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that BBWV2 isolates could be divided largely into two groups as Group I and Group II. Based on the partial sequence analyses, 153 selected BBWV2 isolates were subgrouped into GS-I (21.6%), GS-II (3.9%) and GS-III (56.9%). BBWV2 GS-III, which was predominant in Korea, appears to be a new combination between Group I RNA-1 and Group II RNA-2. Viral disease incidence of BBWV2 on red pepper was under 2% before 2004. However, the incidence was increased abruptly to 41.3% in 2005, 58.2% in 2006 and 79% in 2007. These rapid increases might be related with the emergence of new combinations between BBWV2 groups.
The Productivity Effect of Non-Union Representation

Declining union density in many industrialized countries directs attention to alter- native ways of labor relations and worker representation as, e.g., works councils. German works councils belong to the most powerful worker representations in de- veloped countries but little is known of their causal effect on productivity. A large linked employer-employee panel is used to examine this issue. Comparing firms with and without a works council I find that firms with a works council are on average 6.5 percent more productive. I present evidence that this estimate is the lower bound to the causal productivity effect of works councils.
The Role of Social Capital and Business Strategies in Developing the Business of Banten to Increase Balinese Women’s Employment

ABSTRACT Bali is famous around the world as the island of gods, since the majority of the inhabitants of Bali are Hindu. The Hindu religion and rituals cannot be separated. Each day Balinese woman make banten, as a ritual offering; but with many Balinese women now working outside the home, many decide to buy banten. Due to the demand, enterprises which sell banten have appeared. The purpose of this research is to discover the role of social capital and business strategies in developing the business of banten to increase women’s employment opportunities in Gianyar Regency, Bali. The business of banten has great future potential, with a marketing system that harnesses the flow of information by word of mouth. In an attempt to improve the welfare of the families of women who work in the business of banten, network, trust and norms as social capital play a very important role.
Observation of a Very Energetic Cosmic Ray Well Beyond the Predicted 2.7 K Cutoff in the Primary Energy Spectrum.

A very energetic cosmic ray of energy about (1.7-2.6) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{20}$ eV was observed by the Akeno Giant Air Shower Array on 3 December 1993 from the direction of galactic longitude $l=131\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ and galactic latitude $b=\ensuremath{-}41\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ within an error circle of 1.0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} radius. If this cosmic ray were a proton; its origin could be extragalactic. However, the distance of the source cannot be much more than a few times 10 Mpc due to the energy loss during its travel from interactions with universal background radiation.
LPS-Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated Signaling on Expression of Protein S and C4b-Binding Protein in the Liver

Protein S (PS), mainly synthesized in hepatocytes and endothelial cells, plays a critical role as a cofactor of anticoagulant activated protein C (APC). PS activity is regulated by C4b-binding protein (C4BP), structurally composed of seven α-chains (C4BPα) and a β-chain (C4BPβ). In this paper, based primarily on our previous studies, we review the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced signaling which affects expression of PS and C4BP in the liver. Our in vivo studies in rats showed that after LPS injection, plasma PS levels are significantly decreased, whereas plasma C4BP levels first are transiently decreased after 2 to 12 hours and then significantly increased after 24 hours. LPS decreases PS antigen and mRNA levels in both hepatocytes and sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs), and decreases C4BP antigen and both C4BPα and C4BPβ mRNA levels in hepatocytes. Antirat CD14 and antirat Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 antibodies inhibited LPS-induced NFκB activation in both hepatocytes and SECs. Furthermore, inhibitors of NFκB and MEK recovered the LPS-induced decreased expression of PS in both cell types and the LPS-induced decreased expression of C4BP in hepatocytes. These data suggest that the LPS-induced decrease in PS expression in hepatocytes and SECs and LPS-induced decrease in C4BP expression in hepatocytes are mediated by MEK/ERK signaling and NFκB activation and that membrane-bound CD14 and TLR-4 are involved in this mechanism.
How Can Subjective Well-being Be Improved?

Individuals, communities, and governments are increasingly interested in using subjective wellbeing measures, based on how individuals rate the quality of their own lives, to supplement or even supplant more conventional economic measures of individual and social progress. This flowering of interest has naturally sparked efforts to increase the quality and quantity of subjective wellbeing data, research, and policy analysis. Thus it is a good time to take stock of what is known and what most needs to be done to move the analysis and policy agendas from demonstrated interest to well-founded change. This chapter starts by reviewing a range of the most policy-relevant measures of subjective wellbeing, then outlines some research results with direct bearing on policy issues, and finally illustrates how these results, and others like them, can be used to improve evidence-based policy choices by governments, companies, and communities.
An oxidant and organic solvent tolerant alkaline lipase by P. aeruginosa mutant: Downstream processing and biochemical characterization

An extracellular alkaline lipase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutant has been purified to homogeneity using acetone precipitation followed by anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography and resulted in 27-fold purification with 19.6% final recovery. SDS-PAGE study suggested that the purified lipase has an apparent molecular mass of 67 kDa. The optimum temperature and pH for the purified lipase were 45°C and 8.0, respectively. The enzyme showed considerable stability in pH range of 7.0–11.0 and temperature range 35–55 °C. The metal ions Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ tend to increase the enzyme activity, whereas, Fe2+ and Mn2+ ions resulted in discreet decrease in the activity. Divalent cations Ca+2 and Mg+2 seemed to protect the enzyme against thermal denaturation at high temperatures and in presence of Ca+2 (5 mM) the optimum temperature shifted from 45°C to 55°C. The purified lipase displayed significant stability in the presence of several hydrophilic and hydrophobic organic solvents (25%, v/v) up to 168 h. The pure enzyme preparation exhibited significant stability and compatibility with oxidizing agents and commercial detergents as it retained 40–70% of its original activities. The values of Km and Vmax for p-nitrophenyl palmitate (p-NPP) under optimal conditions were determined to be 2.0 mg.mL−1 and 5000 μg. mL−1.min−1, respectively.
Do Cognitive Patterns of Strengths and Weaknesses Differentially Predict Errors on Reading, Writing, and Spelling?

This study investigated the relationship between specific cognitive patterns of strengths and weaknesses (PSWs) and the errors children make in reading, writing, and spelling tests from the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement–Third Edition (KTEA-3). Participants were selected from the KTEA-3 standardization sample based on five cognitive profiles: High Crystallized Ability paired with Low Processing Speed and Long-Term Retrieval (High Gc), Low Crystallized Ability paired with High Processing Speed and Long-Term Retrieval (High Gs/Glr), Low Orthographic Processing (Low OP), Low Phonological Processing (Low PP), and Low Phonological Processing paired with Low Orthographic Processing (Low PP_OP). Error factor scores for all five groups were compared on Reading Comprehension and Written Expression; the first four groups were compared on Letter & Word Recognition, Nonsense Word Decoding, and Spelling, and the first three groups were compared on Phonological Processing. Significant differences were noted among the patterns of errors demonstrated by the five groups. Findings support the notion that students with diverse cognitive PSWs display different patterns of errors on tests of academic achievement.
Adapting Tesseract for Complex Scripts: An Example for Urdu Nastalique

Tesseract engine supports multilingual text recognition. However, the recognition of cursive scripts using Tesseract is a challenging task. In this paper, Tesseract engine is analyzed and modified for the recognition of Nastalique writing style for Urdu language which is a very complex and cursive writing style of Arabic script. Original Tesseract system has 65.59% and 65.84% accuracies for 14 and 16 font sizes respectively, whereas the modified system, with reduced search space, gives 97.87% and 97.71% accuracies respectively. The efficiency is also improved from an average of 170 milliseconds (ms) to an average of 84 ms for the recognition of Nastalique document images.
Synthesis of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W135 capsular oligosaccharides for immunogenicity comparison and vaccine development.

Carbohydrate VaccineC. -H. Wang, S. -T. Li, T. -L. Lin, Y. -Y. Cheng,T. -H. Sun, J.-T. Wang, T. -J. R. Cheng,K. K. T. Mong, C. -H. Wong,C. -Y. Wu* &&&&—&&&&Synthesis of Neisseria meningitidisSerogroup W135 CapsularOligosaccharides for ImmunogenicityComparison and Vaccine DevelopmentSweetening the deal: N. meningitidisserogroup W135 capsular oligosacchar-ides were synthesized in lengths fromdisaccharides to decasaccharides. Serafrom mice immunized with these oligo-saccharide–protein conjugates wereexamined by a glycan microarray (seepicture) and bactericidal assay for anti-body specificity and the ability to killbacteria.
Obliteration of Radical Cavities and Total Reconstruction Procedure Without Staging After Canal Wall Down Mastoidectomy: Long-term Results

Objectives We evaluate the long-term surgical and hearing results using a canal wall down mastoidectomy technique followed by cavities obliteration, canal wall reconstruction and ossiculoplasty without staging. Methods A total of 44 patients between January 2002 and October 2009 were selected and 27 of them were revision cases. Preoperative and postoperative pure tone average (PTA) and air-bone gap (ABG) were assessed and compared 1 and 4 years after surgery. Results The middle ear was well healed and aerated in 40 patients (90.9%) and the tympanic membrane was intact in 42 patients (95.5%). Recurrent cholesteatoma was found on postoperative follow-up in two of the revision patients (7.4%) but none in the primary patients. Seven patients were found to have partial canal bone absorption, but revision surgery was not required. Over 86.4% of all cases were water resistant. Long-lasting improvement and/or preservation of hearing, with maintenance of PTA-ABG closure in 63.7% of all cases within 20 dB, were obtained. Conclusion The efficacy of our technique after a canal wall down mastoidectomy is satisfactory, and the rate of complication is acceptably low. We believe that our technique could be a convenient method in disease control and providing an excellent basis for hearing restoration simultaneously.
Regulation of Murine Natural Killer Cell Development

Natural killer (NK) cells are effector lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are known for their ability to kill transformed and virus-infected cells. NK cells originate from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow, and studies on mouse models have revealed that NK cell development is a complex, yet tightly regulated process, which is dependent on both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The development of NK cells can be broadly categorized into two phases: lineage commitment and maturation. Efforts to better define the developmental framework of NK cells have led to the identification of several murine NK progenitor populations and mature NK cell subsets, each defined by a varied set of cell surface markers. Nevertheless, the relationship between some of these NK cell subsets remains to be determined. The classical approach to studying both NK cell development and function is to identify the transcription factors involved and elucidate the mechanistic action of each transcription factor. In this regard, recent studies have provided further insight into the mechanisms by which transcription factors, such as ID2, FOXO1, Kruppel-like factor 2, and GATA-binding protein 3 regulate various aspects of NK cell biology. It is also becoming evident that the biology of NK cells is not only transcriptionally regulated but also determined by epigenetic alterations and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by microRNAs. This review summarizes recent progress made in NK development, focusing primarily on transcriptional regulators and their mechanistic actions.
The Empirical Study on Dynamic Relationship Between Domestic and Global Steel Price

With an open view to research steel market, especially to study steel price which take as the steel market indicator, the paper tries to objectively reflect the impact of China's steel on global market by making the empirical analysis on the interaction and volatilities between International and China's steel market. The results indicated that China's steel price have one-side guide role on the global steel price, that is to say, Up and down of China's steel price will foreboding the global steel price. This shows that China's steel has "the right to speak" on the global market, Meanwhile, there are some questions on long-term sustainability open and development of our steel industry. It should followed development principles, which are sustained and stable development, promoting industrial restructuring and taking into account all interests.
Genomic Characterization of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli From Children in Mali

Background. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is a cause of epidemic and sporadic diarrhea, yet its role as an enteric pathogen is not fully understood. Methods. We characterized 121 EAEC strains isolated in 2008 as part of a case-control study of moderate to severe acute diarrhea among children 0–59 months of age in Bamako, Mali. We applied multiplex polymerase chain reaction and comparative genome hybridization to identify potential virulence factors among the EAEC strains, coupled with classification and regression tree modeling to reveal combinations of factors most strongly associated with illness. Results. The gene encoding the autotransporter protease SepA, originally described in Shigella species, was most strongly associated with diarrhea among the EAEC strains tested (odds ratio, 5.6 [95% confidence interval, 1.92–16.17]; P = .0006). In addition, we identified 3 gene combinations correlated with diarrhea: (1) a clonal group positive for sepA and a putative hemolysin; (2) a group harboring the EAST-1 enterotoxin and the flagellar type H33 but no other previously identified EAEC virulence factor; and (3) a group carrying several of the typical EAEC virulence genes. Conclusion. Our data suggest that only a subset of EAEC strains are pathogenic in Mali and suggest that sepA may serve as a valuable marker for the most virulent isolates.
Towards the Characterization of Monitor Smells in Adaptive Systems

Adaptive Systems (ASs) can adapt themselves to achanging environment or new user needs. Monitors are essential in AS, being responsible for collecting and processing data from environment. There exist different kinds of monitors with distinct characteristics. Based on a literature review, we have noticed that Monitors are usually designed and implemented in an inadequate way: i) making them obscure in the source-code, ii) compelling all of them to have the same polling rate and also iii) predetermining the execution order among them. This leads to maintenance, evolution and performance problems. Besides, based on our observations, this erroneous way monitors are implemented follows a pattern and it is a recurrent practice. Therefore, we believe it can be classified as Monitor Smells of Adaptive Systems. In this paper we present two architectural smells we have identified: the Obscure Monitor and the Oppressed Monitors. The first smell occurs when the monitors are not evident in the source-code. The second smell occurs when monitors are compelled to have the same poling rate and an immutable execution order at runtime. The presence of these smells compromises the reusability, evolvability and maintainability. We have also conducted an exploratory study by comparing the impact of maintenance tasks in the original version of an AS called PhoneAdapter with a refactored version, in which the smells were removed. The results indicate the maintenance is facilitated in the version without the smells.