Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant Activity of Co-Products from Guava, Mango and Barbados Cherry Produced in the Brazilian Northeast

Co-products from the juice processing of guava (CG), mango (CM) and barbados cherry (CB) were investigated with a view to their exploitation as a potential source of natural antioxidants. The ethanolic extracts were analyzed for total extractable phenolic content (TEP), DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA-DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and antioxidant activity in relation to the β-carotene/linoleic acid system. The TEP levels in the CG, CM and CB extracts were (24.15 ± 1.59), (44.18 ± 1.73) and (49.21 ± 3.70) mg GAE/g extract, respectively. The CM extract showed higher DPPH, FRAP and antioxidant activity in the β-carotene/linoleic acid system. The data revealed a positive linear correlation between TEP, RSA-DPPH and FRAP (r2 = 0.85 − 0.98); however, the β-carotene/linoleic acid system (r2 = 0.01 − 0.26) shows low correlation with the TEP levels and other assessment systems. The results suggest that co-products generated from the juice processing of the studied fruit have promising use as a natural source of antioxidants.
How ethical leadership stimulates academics’ retention in universities

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between ethical leadership and academics’ retention in universities. It draws on the conservation of resources theory to deepen the understanding of a process underlying this relationship whereby academics are more likely to stay in universities through the practice of ethical leadership. Specifically, it advances academics’ job-related affective well-being as a potential mediating mechanism, fostered by ethical leadership, which lowers their intention to leave. Design/methodology/approach This study is conducted through a cross-sectional survey of 303 academics in Australian universities. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis procedures are deployed to analyse academics’ data. The research hypotheses are tested through a bootstrapped regression analysis of academics’ perceived ethical leadership, affective well-being and intention to leave. Findings The findings lend support to the hypothesised relations, indicating a significant role of ethical leadership on enhanced intentions of academics to stay in universities by directly conserving their job-related affective well-being. Research limitations/implications This paper contributes to knowledge of the relationship between ethical leadership and academics’ retention by identifying job-related affective well-being as an underlying mechanism in the university sector. Practical implications This paper has practical implications for higher educational institutes seeking to retain their academic staff. Its findings show that the practice of ethical leadership in universities matters, because it lowers academics’ intentions to leave by nurturing their well-being at work. Originality/value This is the first study to examine the impact of ethical leadership on academics’ well-being and intentions to leave in the context of universities in Australia. It is one of the first studies to explore the mediating role of affective well-being in the ethical leadership and leadership and intention to leave relationship.
The Design and Implementation of a Distributed Network Intrusion Detection System Based on Data Mining

Data mining is applied to intrusion detection system, which putting forward a system model based on data mining, improving the FP-Growth algorithm based on associative analysis, and refining the technology of FCM network intrusion detection based on statistical binning. The experimental result shows that the network intrusion detection developed by this paper can work very stably under the Ethernet, find intrusion activities in time, solve the problem of data mining speed effectively, enhance the detective ability of intrusion detection, and possess a favorable performance of intrusion detection.
A Simulation Study for Comparing Three Lower Bounds to Reliability

Reliability is the quantification of the consistency of results from a measurement procedure across replications. By far, Guttman’s Lambda 3 or coefficient alpha, as a lower bound to the reliability, is the most frequently used and reported index of reliability because of its simplicity in computation and accessibility in statistical programs. However, coefficient alpha tends to be negatively biased when the internal structure of the measurement is heterogeneous. This study is designed to use simulated data to evaluate and compare two alternatives for coefficient alpha: the greatest lower bound and Lambda 2 with coefficient alpha. In light of our simulation results, lambda 2 is recommended because it shows the least amount of bias under most of the simulation conditions.
Synchronization-based image edge detection

This letter proposes a novel image edge detection algorithm based on the difference of two synchronizing spatially extended nonlinear dynamical systems. The time evolution of each system is identified as a low-pass filtering process, whereas the difference of two synchronizing states is identified as the result of high-pass filtering. Two systems are weakly coupled and allowed to take a common image as their initial value, but have different time scales in their dynamical motions. Results are compared with those of standard image processing schemes. Some of the best image edges could be obtained by an appropriate balance between synchronization and desynchronization.
Use of the Signature Fatty Acid 16:1ω5 as a Tool to Determine the Distribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Soil

Biomass estimation of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi, widespread plant root symbionts, commonly employs lipid biomarkers, predominantly the fatty acid 16:1ω5. We briefly reviewed the application of this signature fatty acid, followed by a case study comparing biochemical markers with microscopic techniques in an arable soil following a change to AM non-host plants after 27 years of continuous host crops, that is, two successive cropping seasons with wheat followed by amaranth. After switching to the non-host amaranth, spore biomass estimated by the neutral lipid fatty acid (NLFA) 16:1ω5 decreased to almost nil, whereas microscopic spore counts decreased by about 50% only. In contrast, AM hyphal biomass assessed by the phospholipid (PLFA) 16:1ω5 was greater under amaranth than wheat. The application of PLFA 16:1ω5 as biomarker was hampered by background level derived from bacteria, and further enhanced by its incorporation from degrading spores used as microbial resource. Meanwhile, biochemical and morphological assessments showed negative correlation for spores and none for hyphal biomass. In conclusion, the NLFA 16:1ω5 appears to be a feasible indicator for AM fungi of the Glomales group in the complex field soils, whereas the use of PLFA 16:1ω5 for hyphae is unsuitable and should be restricted to controlled laboratory studies.
The AirSR two-component system contributes to Staphylococcus aureus survival in human blood and transcriptionally regulates sspABC operon

To date, genes identified and transcriptionally regulated by the AirSR TCS have been involved in energy production and cellular homeostasis of the staphylococcal cell. It is well accepted that the state of cellular metabolism impacts the expression of virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus. For this reason, we conducted experiments to determine if the AirSR TCS contributes to the pathogenesis of S. aureus using an antisense RNA interference technology, an inducible overexpression system, and gene deletions. Depletion of AirSR by antisense RNA expression or deletion of the genes, results in significant decrease in bacterial survival in human blood. Conversely, overexpression of AirR significantly promotes survival of S. aureus in blood. AirR promotes the secretion of virulence factors that inhibits opsonin-based phagocytosis. This enhanced survival is partially linked to the transcriptional regulation of the sspABC operon, encoding V8 protease (SspA), staphopain B (SspB) and staphostatin B (SspC). SspA and SspB are known virulence factors which proteolytically digest opsonins and inhibit killing of S. aureus by professional phagocytes. This is the first evidence linking the AirSR TCS to pathogenesis of S. aureus.
Sequential Learning for Multi-Channel Wireless Network Monitoring With Channel Switching Costs

We consider the problem of optimally assigning p sniffers to K channels to monitor the transmission activities in a multichannel wireless network with switching costs. The activity of users is initially unknown to the sniffers and is to be learned along with channel assignment decisions to maximize the benefits of this assignment, resulting in the fundamental tradeoff between exploration and exploitation. Switching costs are incurred when sniffers change their channel assignments. As a result, frequent changes are undesirable. We formulate the sniffer-channel assignment with switching costs as a linear partial monitoring problem, a superclass of multiarmed bandits. As the number of arms (sniffer-channel assignments) is exponential, novel techniques are called for, to allow efficient learning. We use the linear bandit model to capture the dependency amongst the arms and develop a policy that takes advantage of this dependency. We prove that the proposed Upper Confident Bound-based (UCB) policy enjoys a logarithmic regret bound in time t that depends sublinearly on the number of arms, while its total switching cost grows in the order of O(loglog(t)).
Unsupervised class-based language model adaptation for spontaneous speech recognition

This paper proposes an unsupervised, batch-type, class-based language model adaptation method for spontaneous speech recognition. The word classes are automatically determined by maximizing the average mutual information between the classes using a training set. A class-based language model is built based on recognition hypotheses obtained using a general word-based language model, and linearly interpolated with the general language model. All the input utterances are re-recognized using the adapted language model. The proposed method was applied to the recognition of spontaneous presentations and was found to be effective in improving the recognition accuracy for all the presentations. The best condition was found to be using 100 word classes, and in this condition 2.3% of the absolute value improvement in the word accuracy averaged over all the speakers was achieved.
Derivations of the Expected Energy Costs of Search and Replication in Wireless Sensor Networks

We develop closed-form expressions of the expected minimum search energy cost and replication energy cost for both unstructured sensor networks (which use blind sequential search for querying) and structured sensor networks (which use efficient hash-based querying). We use both the square grid and random topology to derive each cost modeling. We find that the search cost of unstructured networks is proportional to the number of nodes N and inversely proportional to (r + 1) (where r denotes the number of copies of the target event). The search cost of structured networks is proportional to √ N/ √ r while the replication cost of both structured and unstructured networks is proportional to √ N(r − 1). Furthermore, the proportionality of those costs is independent of whether the topology is grid or random, which implies that the two topologies have common structural characteristics in terms of search and replication costs.
Initial Populations of Black Holes in Star Clusters

Using an updated population synthesis code, we study the formation and evolution of black holes (BHs) in young star clusters following a massive starburst. This study continues and improves on the initial work described by Belczynski and coworkers. In our new calculations we account for the possible ejections of BHs and their progenitors from clusters because of natal kicks imparted by supernovae and recoil following binary disruptions. The results indicate that the properties of both retained BHs in clusters and ejected BHs (forming a field population) depend sensitively on the depth of the cluster potential. In particular, most BHs ejected from binaries are also ejected from clusters with central escape speeds Vesc ≲ 100 km s-1. Conversely, most BHs remaining in binaries are retained by clusters with Vesc ≳ 50 km s-1. BHs from single-star evolution are also affected significantly: about half of the BHs originating from primordial single stars are ejected from clusters with Vesc ≲ 50 km s-1. Our results lay a foundation for theoretical studies of the formation of BH X-ray binaries in and around star clusters, including possible "ultraluminous" sources, as well as merging BH-BH binaries that will be detectable with future gravitational wave observatories.
The inspired time traveler: examining the implications of nostalgic entertainment experiences for two-factor models of entertainment

ABSTRACT Two studies investigated the characteristics of nostalgic entertainment experiences. A survey (Study 1) asked American undergraduates to report their cognitive and affective reactions during a recent entertainment experience that they deemed nostalgic, meaningful, or pleasurable. Results indicated that nostalgic experiences often occurred after exposure to familiar media content (e.g., beloved children’s shows). Although these experiences were affectively similar to both pleasurable entertainment experiences (in terms of enjoyment) and meaningful entertainment experiences (in terms of mixed affect), they differed in the focus of their associated cognitions (i.e., reflection on the self in the past and over time). A follow-up experiment (Study 2) demonstrated that exposure to familiar children’s shows (rather than unfamiliar children’s shows or meaningful film trailers) induced nostalgic reactions in adults ranging in age from 19 to 47. The implications of these findings for current two-factor models of entertainment are discussed.
DNA looping by FokI: the impact of twisting and bending rigidity on protein-induced looping dynamics

Protein-induced DNA looping is crucial for many genetic processes such as transcription, gene regulation and DNA replication. Here, we use tethered-particle motion to examine the impact of DNA bending and twisting rigidity on loop capture and release, using the restriction endonuclease FokI as a test system. To cleave DNA efficiently, FokI bridges two copies of an asymmetric sequence, invariably aligning the sites in parallel. On account of the fixed alignment, the topology of the DNA loop is set by the orientation of the sites along the DNA. We show that both the separation of the FokI sites and their orientation, altering, respectively, the twisting and the bending of the DNA needed to juxtapose the sites, have profound effects on the dynamics of the looping interaction. Surprisingly, the presence of a nick within the loop does not affect the observed rigidity of the DNA. In contrast, the introduction of a 4-nt gap fully relaxes all of the torque present in the system but does not necessarily enhance loop stability. FokI therefore employs torque to stabilise its DNA-looping interaction by acting as a ‘torsional’ catch bond.
Foreign Aid and the " Big Push " Theory : Lessons from Sub-Saharan Africa By

rockcohen Developed countries give millions of dollars a year in foreign assistance to aid developing countries, but what are the effects? Foreign aid flows from developed to developing countries have been hailed as the solution to world poverty. However, the theory that holds that any aid is beneficial to any country no matter the circumstances demands further inspection. The influx of massive amounts of foreign aid can have deletrious effects on the governments of the recieving countries, and can end up doing more harm that good in several circumstances. However, discrimination by donor countries on the basis of standards of governance creates new complications. The current foreign aid paradigm should be overhauled, and the new system should take a more nuanced view of international development. Farah Abuzeid is a senior majoring in International Relations major with a minor in Modern Languages. Farah is a member of the Organization of Arab Students in Stanford (OASIS) and speaks Arabic, French and Italian. She enjoys black and white photography, cooking, volleyball and squash in her spare time.
Evaluation of Awareness on Radiation Protection and Knowledge About Radiological Examinations in Healthcare Professionals Who Use Ionized Radiation at Work

Objective: In this study, we evaluated the knowledge and perception and mitigation of hazards involved in radiological examinations, focusing on healthcare personnel who are not in radiation-related occupations, but who use ionising radiation as a part of their work. Methods: A questionnaire was applied to physicians, nurses, technicians and other staff working in different clinics that use radiation in their work, in order to evaluate their knowledge levels about ionizing radiation and their awareness about radiation doses resulting from radiological examinations. The statistical comparisons between the groups were analyzed with the Kruskal Wallis test using the SPSS program. Results: Ninety two participants took part in the study. Their level of knowledge about ionizing radiation and doses in radiological examinations were found to be very weak. The number of correct answers of physicians, nurses, medical technicians and other personnel groups were 15.7±3.7, 13.0±4.0, 10.1±2.9 and 11.8±4.0, respectively. In the statistical comparison between the groups, the level of knowledge of physicians was found to be significantly higher than the level of the other groups (p=0.005). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that general knowledge in relation to radiation, radiation protection, health risks and doses used for radiological applications are insufficient among health professions using with ionizing radiation in their work.
Sequential Assessment of Cell Cycle S Phase in Flow Cytometry: A Non-Isotopic Method to Measure Lymphocyte Activation In Vitro

Lymphocyte multiplication can be induced in vitro by mitogens or specific antigens, and is usually measured using isotopic methods involving tritiated thymidine. Cellular proliferation can also be analyzed by flow cytometry techniques based on cell cycle analysis through the measurement of DNA content. We applied this method to lymphocytes from 113 individuals, to evaluate lymphocyte proliferation after stimulation in vitro by a mitogen (phytohaemagglutinin, PHA) or a recall antigen (tetanus toxoid), using a kinetic approach with four points sequential measurements of the S and G2 phases over six days of culture. The proportion of cells in S phase after PHA stimulation was significantly higher than in controls overall and as early as on day three of the culture. Activation with a recall antigen significantly induced increasing S phase cell proportions up to day six. These data suggest that flow cytometric assessment of the S phase could be a useful alternative to isotopic methods measuring lymphocyte reactivity in vitro.
The Impact of Brief Alcohol Interventions in Primary Healthcare: A Systematic Review of Reviews

Aims: The aim of the study was to assess the cumulative evidence on the effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary healthcare in order to highlight key knowledge gaps for further research. Methods: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the effectiveness of brief alcohol intervention in primary healthcare published between 2002 and 2012. Findings: Twenty-four systematic reviews met the eligibility criteria (covering a total of 56 randomized controlled trials reported across 80 papers). Across the included studies, it was consistently reported that brief intervention was effective for addressing hazardous and harmful drinking in primary healthcare, particularly in middle-aged, male drinkers. Evidence gaps included: brief intervention effectiveness in key groups (women, older and younger drinkers, minority ethnic groups, dependent/co-morbid drinkers and those living in transitional and developing countries); and the optimum brief intervention length and frequency to maintain longer-term effectiveness. Conclusion: This overview highlights the large volume of primarily positive evidence supporting brief alcohol intervention effects as well as some unanswered questions with regards to the effectiveness of brief alcohol intervention across different cultural settings and in specific population groups, and in respect of the optimum content of brief interventions that might benefit from further research.
Islamic Crash Course as a Leadership Strategy of School Principals in Strengthening School Organizational Culture

This study aimed to describe nyantri (Islamic crash course) program as a leadership strategy adopted by school principals in strengthening the school organizational culture. This study used a qualitative approach via theoretical phenomenology orientation and a multicase design. The data collection was done through observation, documentation, and in-depth interviews. The validity of the data was measured by data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of this study found three models of Islamic crash course performed: tashih, that is, Al-Qur’an reading competence, taushiyah (Islamic lecture) of leadership values, and apprenticeship for the application of a santri’s (Islamic crash course student) character values. The benefits for the teachers are the preservation of their Al-Qur’an reading competence and the improved intensity of the leadership and application of Islamic values, which form the school organizational culture. An integration of values rooted from the three models into the institutional vision could strengthen the school organizational culture to improve school achievement.
On the hyperbolic metric of the complement of a rectangular lattice

AbstractThe density of the hyperbolic metric on the complement of a rect-angular lattice is investigated. The question is related to conformalmapping of symmetric circular quadrilaterals with all zero angles.MSC: 30C20.Keywords: hyperbolic metric, conformal mapping, Lam´e equation,accessory parameter, Landau’s constant. 0. Introduction. A famous theorem of Landau says that there exists L>0with the property that for all functions fanalytic in the unit disc, such that|f ′ (0)| = 1, the image contains a disc of radius L−ǫ, for every ǫ>0.The largest constant Lfor which this is true is called the Landau constant,and its exact value is unknown. It is natural to conjecture that the extremalfunctions are universal coverings of complements to lattices in the plane.For lattices with the property that the largest disc in the complement hasradius 1, one can consider the problem of maximizing |f ′ (0)| over all analyticfunctions mapping the unit disc to the complement of the lattice. AlbertBaernstein II and J. Vinson [2] found that the hexagonal lattice and theuniversal covering with the property that f(0) is a center of the complementgive a strict local maximum in this problem.This paper originated from an attempt of the author to prove a similarresult for the class of rectangular lattices. A natural conjecture is that thesquare lattice must be extremal, and that for the extremal function f(0) is
Continuous monitoring of available bandwidth over a network path

This paper presents a new method for real-time monitoring of available bandwidth over a network path. The method uses active probing with trains of probe packets, and produces estimates in real-time using Kalman filtering. It improves the estimate for each new measurement of the strain of the inter-packet time intervals in a probe packet train. We have tested the method with good accuracy and agreement, both in simulation and in a physical test network. The method requires no communication from receiver to sender and only minor processing and memory space.