Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MAKING LIBERAL OBJECTS

Nineteenth-century Britain is often seen as being the great age of liberalism. It was also a great age of engineering and building. This paper explores the interconnections between liberalism and technology, using Samuel Smiles as its point of departure. Smiles eulogised liberal individualism in Self-Help (1859), and engineers in his multi-volume Lives of the Engineers (1862). In the first part of the paper, I produce a typology of ‘liberal objects’ – the machine, the network, and the device – paying particular attention to the kinds of human agency such artifacts made possible. In the second part, I connect this typology to the theory of liberalism and its historical practice. Liberalism, I argue, often functioned by using technology to materialise a mode of indirect rule. Machines, networks and devices encouraged a set of practices – productive labour, mobility, health, cleanliness, attention, independence – essential to liberal subjectivity, and were promoted and imagined as such. Considering liberalism as a government of, by and through technology explains why such a supposedly reticent and inactive mode of government became so involved in the regulation of material life. It also explains the origins of the ‘technological fix’ – the belief that technology is the solution to any social problem – which has become predominant in the West in the twentieth century.
Evolução de habilidades comunicativas na Síndrome de Williams – Processo terapêutico de um caso clínico

Background: the Williams Syndrome, a genetic rare syndrome of dominant autossomic inheritance, exerts impact on diverse areas of the development, including the cognitive, linguistic, behavioral and motor areas, with probability of occurrence of 1: 20,000 children (Sugayama et al, 2000). The aim of this study was to characterize the communicative abilities evolution, as well as to describe the therapy process of speech and language of a patient with Williams Sydrome. Method: this case was a female child observed since 5 years old in speech and language therapy for nine months. For the analysis, it was taken in consideration the initial and the final assessment, clinical and formal, and the therapeutical observations. Results: Evolution was observed in the symbolic game; in the pragmatic, syntactic, semantic and phoneticphonological aspects; in the adaptative, gross motor, fine motor, personal-social and linguistic behaviors; in the abilities of auditory and visual reception, visual and grammatical closure, visual and auditory association and manual expression. It was verified after the intervention period, slow, however constant communicative development. Conclusion: this clinical report revealed important findings to be discussed about assessment and intervention in Williams Syndrome, which is precarious in literature.
FORMATION OF SINGLE AND DOUBLE STRAND BREAKS IN DNA ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATED AT HIGH INTENSITY

The induction of single‐strand breaks (SSB) by two quantum processes in DNA is well established. We now report that biphotonic processes result in double‐strand breaks (DSB) as well. pUC19 and bacteriophage M13 RF DNA were irradiated using an excimer laser (248 nm) at intensities of 107, 109, 1010 and 1011 W/m2 and doses up to 30 kJ/m2. The proportion of DNA as supercoil, open circular, linear and short fragments was determined by gel electrophoresis. Linear molecules were noted at fluences where supercoiled DNA was still present. The random occurrence of independent SSB in proximity to each other on opposite strands (producing linear DNA) implies introduction of numerous SSB per molecule in the sample. If so, supercoiled DNA that has sustained no SSB should not be observed.
Konzeption und Evaluation eines computerunterstützten kooperativen Blockseminars zur Systematik der Blütenpflanzen

Der Einblick in die Systematik der Tiere und Pflanzen einschlieslich Bestimmungsubungen gehort zur Biologie-Lehramtsausbildung vieler Hochschulen. In diesem Artikel wird ein computerunterstutztes Konzept vorgestellt, in dem Bestimmungsubungen und ein Uberblick uber das System der Blutenpflanzen mit Lehr- und Lernmethoden durchgefuhrt wurden, die sich an aktuellen Befunden der Kognitionspsychologie orientierten. Dies sind konkret die Vermittlung und Strukturierung des Inhaltsgebietes uber ein Mind-Mapping-Verfahren, die Erarbeitung der Wissenseinheiten in Form des Gruppenpuzzle als kooperativer Lernform und die Freilandarbeit. Basis war die Selbstbestimmungstheorie von Deci & Ryan (1993). Letztere stellt die selbst bestimmte Tatigkeit als ein wichtiges Bedurfnis dar. Schwerpunkte dieses Ansatzes sind die Aspekte Autonomie erleben und Kompetenzerfahrung. Selbstbestimmte Formen der Handlungsregulation versprechen qualitativ hochwertige Lernergebnisse. Studierende des Blockseminars (n=31) wiesen hohere Werte im Hinblick auf die Skalen Interesse/Vergnugen, wahrgenommene Kompetenz und Anstrengung / Wichtigkeit auf, wahrend Studierende der traditionellen Semester-Lehrveranstaltung (n=62) eine hohere Wahlfreiheit empfanden. Keine signifikanten Unterschiede ergaben sich bei der Skala Druck/Anpassung. Die Leistungen in der Akademischen Zwischenprufung unterschieden sich nicht signifikant voneinander, allerdings wiesen die Studierenden aus dem Blockkurs weniger Fehler auf. Aus dieser Sicht bietet das Blockseminar vielerlei Vorteile. 25.02. 2007 | Steffen SCHAAL & Christoph RANDLER (Ludwigsburg)
Threat-rigidity effects in organizational behavior: A multilevel analysis.

The authors wish to thank Jeanne Brett, Larry Cummings, Joanne Martin, J. P. Miller, and the anonymousASQ reviewers for their insightful comments on an earlier version of this paper. This paper explores the case for a general threat-rigidity effect in individual, group, and organizational behavior. Evidence from multiple levels of analysis is summarized, showing a restriction in information processing and constriction of control under threat conditions. Possible mechanisms underlying such a multiple-level effect are explored, as are its possible functional and dysfunctional consequences.
Distributed formation control for a modular mechanical system

A distributed formation control method is proposed for a modular mechanical system. We have developed a totally decentralized system composed of many homogeneous mechanical units which are designed to change their connective configuration using only local information. The control method proposed in this paper enables the systems to re-organize themselves so that various configurations can be formed in a robust way. Computer simulations and experiments are carried out to show its effectiveness.
How Much Debtors' Punishment?

This study investigates the relationship between debtors? punishment and the credit market development. As the main goal we analyze empirically which is the optimal level of the debtors? punishment, providing the highest credit market development. Aligned with earlier theoretical findings from Dubey, Geanakoplos and Shubik (2005), we find that there is an intermediate level of debtors? punishment that maximizes the size of the private credit market.
Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation Causes Dendritic Cells/Macrophages to Secrete Immune-Suppressive IL-12p40 Homodimers1

UV-induced immune suppression is a risk factor for sunlight-induced skin cancer. Exposure to UV radiation has been shown to suppress the rejection of highly antigenic UV-induced skin cancers, suppresses delayed and contact hypersensitivity, and depress the ability of dendritic cells to present Ag to T cells. One consequence of UV exposure is altered activation of T cell subsets. APCs from UV-irradiated mice fail to present Ag to Th1 T cells; however, Ag presentation to Th2 T cells is normal. While this has been known for some time, the mechanism behind the preferential suppression of Th1 cell activation has yet to be explained. We tested the hypothesis that this selective impairment of APC function results from altered cytokine production. We found that dendritic cells/macrophages (DC/Mφ) from UV-irradiated mice failed to secrete biologically active IL-12 following in vitro stimulation with LPS. Instead, DC/Mφ isolated from the lymphoid organs of UV-irradiated mice secreted IL-12p40 homodimer, a natural antagonist of biologically active IL-12. Furthermore, when culture supernatants from UV-derived DC/Mφ were added to IL-12-activated T cells, IFN-γ secretion was totally suppressed, indicating that the IL-12p40 homodimer found in the supernatant fluid was biologically active. We suggest that by suppressing DC/Mφ IL-12p70 secretion while promoting IL-12p40 homodimer secretion, UV exposure preferentially suppress the activation of Th1 cells, thereby suppressing Th-1 cell-driven inflammatory immune reactions.
Fatty acid kinetic responses to exercise. Effects of obesity, body fat distribution, and energy-restricted diet.

UNLABELLED Upper body obesity (UB Ob) is associated with a reduced net free fatty acid (FFA) response to epinephrine compared with nonobese (Non Ob) and lower-body obese (LB Ob) women. Because catecholamines regulate some of the metabolic responses to exercise, we hypothesized that UB Ob would have a reduced net FFA response to exercise. Plasma FFA rate of appearance (Ra) ([1-14C]palmitate) and fatty acid oxidation (indirect calorimetry) were therefore measured during 2.5 h of stationary bicycle exercise (45% VO2 peak) in 13 UB Ob, 11 LB Ob, and 8 Non Ob premenopausal women. 10 UB Ob and 8 LB Ob women were retested after an approximately 8-kg weight loss. RESULTS During exercise Non Ob and LB Ob women had greater increments in FFA availability (51 +/- 7 and 53 +/- 8 mmol, respectively) than UB Ob women (27 +/- 4 mmol, P < 0.05). Total exercise FFA availability and fatty acid oxidation were not different between Non Ob, LB Ob, and UB Ob women, however. Following weight loss (approximately 8 kg), the FFA response to exercise increased (P < 0.01) and remained greater (P < 0.05) in LB Ob than in UB Ob women. In conclusion, the FFA response to exercise was reduced in UB Ob women before and after weight loss, but no effects on fatty acid oxidation were apparent.
Using Path Transforms to Guide the Search for Findpath in 2D

This article will present a new approach to the 2D findpath problem for robots that have three degrees of freedom of move ment (3 DOF). This approach is based on a new extension to distance transform planning called the path transform. Path transforms have the desirable potential field property of taking into account clearance from obstacles without suffering the problem of local minima. Because path transforms guide the search for a 3-DOF path where solution paths are likely to lie, the computational burden of the new approach is low compared with that in previously reported results. The low computational burden is also due to efficient collision detection. A new hier archical collision checking based on distance space bubbles is presented. The new approach to findpath is guaranteed to find a solution path if it exists. Computer simulation results of solving the findpath problem in nontrivial environments are presented.
Citizenship and involvement in European Democracies : A Comparative Analysis

Introduction 1. Citizenship, Involvement, and Democracy in Europe Anders Westholm, Jose Ramon Montero, and Jan W. van Deth Part 1: Civic Orientations 2. Trust in People, Confidence in Political Institutions, and Satisfaction with Democracy Sonja Zmerli, Ken Newton, and Jose Ramon Montero 3. Political Confidence in Representative Democracies: Socio-Cultural vs. Political Explanations Bas Denters, Oscar Gabriel, and Mariano Torcal 4. Norms of Good Citizenship Bas Denters, Oscar Gabriel, and Mariano Torcal 5. Political and Social Tolerance Jose Manuel Leite Viegas Part 2: Voluntary Organizations and Social Networks 6. Associational Involvement Laura Morales and Peter Geurts 7. Explaining Associational Involvement Gabriel Badescu and Katja Neller 8. Social Networks Hajdeja Iglic and Joan Font Fabregas Part 3: Small-Scale Democracy 9. Small-Scale Democracy: Citizen Power in the Domains of Everyday Life Jorgen Goul Andersen and Sigrid Rossteutscher 10. Small-Scale Democracy: The Determinants of Action Hanspeter Kriesi and Anders Westholm 11. Small-Scale Democracy: The Consequences of Action Anders Westholm and Emanuel von Erlach Part 4: Large-Scale Democracy 12. Political Involvement Irene Martin and Jan W. van Deth 13. Political Participation: Mapping the Terrain Jan Teorell, Mariano Torcal, and Jose Ramon Montero 14. Political Participation and Associational Involvement Klaus Armingeon 15. Participation and Political Equality: An Assessment of Large-Scale Democracy Jan Teorell, Paul Sum, and Mette Tobiasen Conclusion 16. The Realisation of Democratic Citizenship in Europe Jose Ramon Montero, Anders Westholm, and Jan W. van Deth
A study of children's thinking

Bennett Delinquent and Neurotic Children (1960) Hb: 0-415-26397-2 Donaldson A Study of Children's Thinking (1963) Hb: 0-415-26399-9 Stott Studies of Troublesome Children (1966) Hb: 0-415-26400-6 Tanner and Inhelde Discussions on Child Development: Volume 1 (1956) Hb: 0-415-26401-4 Tanner and Inhelde Discussions on Child Development: Volume 2 (1956) Hb: 0-415-26402-2 Tanner and Inhelde Discussions on Child Development: Volume 3 (1958) Hb: 0-415-26403-0 Tanner and Inhelde Discussions on Child Development: Volume 4 (1960) Hb: 0-415-26404-9 Winnicott Collected Papers: Through Paediatrics to Psychoanalysis (1958) Hb: 0-415-26405-7 Winnicott and Hardenberg The Child and the Outside World (1957) Hb: 0-415-26406-5
A User Empowerment Approach to Information Systems Infusion

Information systems (IS) investments fail largely because a newly implemented system is not fully infused into its users' everyday life at work. IS infusion beyond an organization's mandated usage requires that users are actively motivated to use it and that they hold authority over usage of the system. Psychological empowerment represents one's motivational orientation, as well as one's authority to tap into a system's maximum potential. This empowerment is likely an important mechanism underlying successful IS infusion. The main objectives of this study are to: 1) understand the antecedents of empowerment; and 2) examine the effect of empowerment on IS infusion. We developed a theoretical model that was empirically tested through a field study, which focused upon individuals' use of a customer relationship management system. The results strongly support our theoretical model and reveal that the design of a work environment (i.e., IS, job, and social structure) affects the development of user empowerment. User empowerment in-turn plays a prominent role in regulating various aspects of IS infusion (i.e., extended use, integrative use, and emergent use). Overall, this paper contributes to postadoption research by introducing the concept of user empowerment and demonstrating its critical role in regulating IS infusion. It also helps managers promote user empowerment and eventually achieve IS infusion in organizations.
One-Year Costs in Patients With a History of or at Risk for Atherothrombosis in the United States

Background—Atherothrombosis is the underlying cause of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and peripheral arterial disease and is the leading cause of death in the industrialized world. The objectives of the present study are (1) to examine the annual costs associated with vascular events and interventions that require hospitalization, as well as long-term medication use for the management of associated risk factors, in a US population of outpatients with multiple atherothrombotic risk factors or a history of symptomatic disease and (2) to compare costs across patient subgroups defined according to specific arterial bed(s) affected and the number of affected arterial beds. Methods and Results—The international REduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) Registry enrolled outpatients ≥45 years of age who had established coronary artery, cerebrovascular, or peripheral artery disease or ≥3 atherothrombotic risk factors. Data on risk factors, associated medications, and vascular hospitalizations and interventions were collected. Of the total 68 236-patient REACH cohort, 25 763 were enrolled from US sites. Complete 1-year data were available for 23 974 (93%) of the US patients. Annualized medication costs ranged from $2401 to $3481. Mean annual hospitalization costs per patient were $1344, $2864, $4824, and $8155 for patients with 0 (n=6145), 1 (n=14 353), 2 (n=3106), and 3 (n=370) affected arterial beds at baseline (P<0.0001 for trend). Among patients with 1 affected arterial bed, mean hospitalization costs were $2999, $2010, and $3911 for patients with coronary artery disease (n=11 063), cerebrovascular disease (n=2613), and peripheral arterial disease (n=677), respectively. Annualized medication costs ranged from $2401 to $3481. Conclusions—These results reveal the high economic burden of atherothrombosis-related clinical events and procedures and the especially high economic burden associated with polyvascular disease.
The relationship between teacher burnout and student motivation.

BACKGROUND Teacher burnout is regarded as a serious problem in school settings. To date, studies on teachers' stress and burnout have largely centred on teachers' own characteristics, socialization, and behaviours, but few have explored the connection between teachers' burnout and students' motivation via their own perceptions of teachers' behaviour and emotional well-being. AIMS This study adopted Maslach et al.'s (2001, Annu. Rev. Psychol., 52, 397) job burnout construct and self-determination theory to investigate the relationships between teachers' burnout and students' autonomous motivation over one-semester physical education classes. SAMPLE A total of 1,302 high school students and their 33 physical education teachers in 20 high schools from two school districts in a major Midwest metropolitan area in the United States. The two school districts were demographically similar. METHODS Students and physical education teachers completed questionnaires assessing relevant psychological constructs. There were two time points for collecting students' data. One was at the beginning of a fall semester, and the other was at the end of that semester. Hierarchical linear modelling analyses were conducted. RESULTS It was revealed that teachers' emotional exhaustion was negatively related to students' perceived teacher autonomy support (TAS); in turn, there was a negative relationship between teachers' feeling of depersonalization and students' autonomous motivation development even when controlling for inadequate TAS. CONCLUSION The dimensions of teachers' burnout might play different roles in the transmission from teachers to students. Teachers' status of burnout is an important environmental factor associated with students' quality of motivation.
CONSTRUCT VALIDITY EVIDENCE FOR BRACKEN SCHOOL READINESS ASSESSMENT, THIRD EDITION, SPANISH FORM SCORES

Convergent and discriminant validity evidence was examined for scores on the Spanish Record Form of the Bracken School Readiness Assessment, Third Edition (BSRA-3). Participants included a sample of 68 Hispanic, Spanish-speaking children ages 4 to 5 years enrolled in preschool programs in Puerto Rico. Scores obtained from the BSRA-3 Spanish Record Form were compared with scores from the Nonverbal Index of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition, and the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales, Second Edition. As expected, the correlation between school readiness scores and nonverbal intelligence was significant and moderate in the positive direction and the correlations between school readiness scores and behaviors were low. Discriminant validity evidence for BSRA-3 scores was demonstrated using Steiger's Z test to compare correlations of similar and dissimilar constructs. As hypothesized, significant results emerged.
Esophageal adenocarcinoma and obesity: peritumoral adipose tissue plays a role in lymph node invasion

Obesity is associated with cancer risk in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Adipose tissue directly stimulates tumor progression independently from body mass index (BMI), but the mechanisms are not fully understood. We studied the morphological, histological and molecular characteristics of peritumoral and distal adipose tissue of 60 patients with EAC, to investigate whether depot-specific differences affect tumor behavior. We observed that increased adipocyte size (a hallmark of obesity) was directly associated with leptin expression, angiogenesis (CD31) and lymphangiogenesis (podoplanin); however, these parameters were associated with nodal metastasis only in peritumoral but not distal adipose tissue of patients. We treated OE33 cells with conditioned media (CM) collected from cultured biopsies of adipose tissue and we observed increased mRNA levels of leptin and adiponectin receptors, as well as two key regulator genes of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT): alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and E-cadherin. This effect was greater in cells treated with CM from peritumoral adipose tissue of patients with nodal metastasis and was partially blunted by a leptin antagonist. Therefore, peritumoral adipose tissue may exert a direct effect on the progression of EAC by secreting depot-specific paracrine factors, and leptin is a key player in this crosstalk.
Dental Caries and the Associated Factors Influencing It in Tribal, Suburban and Urban School Children of Tamil Nadu, India: A Cross Sectional Study

Background The study was planned to assess the prevalence of dental caries among tribal, suburban and urban children of Tiruchengode and Erode of Tamil Nadu state, India. The objective of the study was to assess the association of dental caries with family background, dental service availability, transportation and knowledge on preventive dental measures among these three groups Design and methods Cross-sectional study. A total of 1028 school children in the age range of 9-12 years from various government schools located in Palamalai and Kolli Hills (tribal), Tiruchengode (suburban) and Erode (urban), Tamil Nadu, were included in the study. Decayed, filled, and missing teeth (DMFT), decayed and filled teeth (dft) and Significant Caries Index were recorded. A specially prepared questionnaire was used to record all the data regarding oral hygiene practices, socioeconomic background, dental treatment availability, parent’s education level were used for the study. ANOVA t-test and post hoc test were used for comparing quantitative variables between the 3 subgroups. Results The tribal school children had 89.3% caries prevalence, where as it was 77% in suburban and 55% in urban school children. The mean DMFT score among tribal, suburban and urban school children were statistically significant different (P=0.001) between the three groups. There was a highly significant difference (P=0.001) in the mean DMFT score based on brushing frequency. There was a statistically significant difference (P=0.018) in the mean DMFT scores in the urban group based on the mothers education status. There were no statistically significant differences in the mean DMFT scores based on the presence or absence of television in their house and the parents’ income. Conclusions Oral hygiene practices, dietary habits and access to dental care services played an important role in prevalence of dental caries. It was observed that the socioeconomic status, parents’ educational status and mass media influenced the oral health of these children but without a significant contribution. Significance for public health It was observed from the present study that the socioeconomic status, parents’ educational status, media and family structure influence the oral health of children in under-privileged communities. Oral hygiene practices, dietary habits and access to dental care services also play an important role in the prevalence of dental caries among children. Children of government schools in Tamil Nadu, India, don’t get adequate information on oral health, related diseases and methods of prevention. Oral health education and health promotion should be mandatory for all school children.