Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computing Iceberg Queries Efficiently

Many applications compute aggregate functions (such as COUNT, SUM) over an attribute (or set of attributes) to find aggregate values above some specified threshold. We call such queries iceberg queries because the number of above-threshold results is often very small (the tip of an iceberg), relative to the large amount of input data (the iceberg). Such iceberg queries are common in many applications, including data warehousing, information-retrieval, market basket analysis in data mining, clustering and copy detection. We propose efficient algorithms to evaluate iceberg queries using very little memory and significantly fewer passes over data, as compared to current techniques that use sorting or hashing. We present an experimental case study using over three gigabytes of Web data to illustrate the savings obtained by our algorithms.
A model for DNA polymerase switching involving a single cleft and the rim of the sliding clamp

The actions of Escherichia coli DNA Polymerase IV (Pol IV) in mutagenesis are managed by its interaction with the β sliding clamp. In the structure reported by Bunting et al. [EMBO J (2003) 22:5883–5892], the C-tail of Pol IV contacts a hydrophobic cleft on the clamp, while residues V303–P305 reach over the dimer interface to contact the rim of the adjacent clamp protomer. Using mutant forms of these proteins impaired for either the rim or the cleft contacts, we determined that the rim contact was dispensable for Pol IV replication in vitro, while the cleft contact was absolutely required. Using an in vitro assay to monitor Pol III*-Pol IV switching, we determined that a single cleft on the clamp was sufficient to support the switch, and that both the rim and cleft contacts were required. Results from genetic experiments support a role for the cleft and rim contacts in Pol IV function in vivo. Taken together, our findings challenge the toolbelt model and suggest instead that Pol IV contacts the rim of the clamp adjacent to the cleft that is bound by Pol III* before gaining control of the same cleft that is bound by Pol III*.
On rates and styles of late volcanism and rifting on Venus

[1] We investigated the possibility of significant variations in the rates and styles of volcanism and rifting during the time postdating the formation of regional plains on Venus. We analyzed the age relations of all known impact craters ≥30 km in diameter (183 craters) with the neighboring geologic units. Of these we selected 164 craters which were superposed on regional plains and determined if post-regional-plains (PRP) volcanics and/or PRP rift structures were present in the crater vicinity and if these craters postdated the volcanics and rift structures or predated them. In 53 cases it was possible to determine these relations. On the basis of these relationships, it was found that the general rates of volcanism and rifting during PRP time were close to constant or at least had no drastic changes. This implies a significant change in the rates of volcanism and rifting in the vicinity of the boundary between PRP time and the preceding time, which is marked by the formation of the global wrinkle-ridge network. It was also found that (1) the role of rift-associated volcanism during PRP time was close to constant or slightly decreasing, (2) the role of corona-related volcanism was noticeably decreasing, and (3) the role of noncorona, hot spot volcanism was proportionally increasing. The latter changes may be due to thickening of the lithosphere during PRP time. The results imply also that at most if not all places where PRP rifting occurred, the rift-associated fracturing, when started, continued for a significant part of PRP time. Our conclusions are valid both (1) for the case of a globally synchronous transition from emplacement of regional plains to the PRP regime and (2) for the case of such a transition occurring at different times in different areas of Venus.
Passive or Active Immunization with Myelin Basic Protein Promotes Recovery from Spinal Cord Contusion

Partial injury to the spinal cord can propagate itself, sometimes leading to paralysis attributable to degeneration of initially undamaged neurons. We demonstrated recently that autoimmune T cells directed against the CNS antigen myelin basic protein (MBP) reduce degeneration after optic nerve crush injury in rats. Here we show that not only transfer of T cells but also active immunization with MBP promotes recovery from spinal cord injury. Anesthetized adult Lewis rats subjected to spinal cord contusion at T7 or T9, using the New York University impactor, were injected systemically with anti-MBP T cells at the time of contusion or 1 week later. Another group of rats was immunized, 1 week before contusion, with MBP emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). Functional recovery was assessed in a randomized, double-blinded manner, using the open-field behavioral test of Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan. The functional outcome of contusion at T7 differed from that at T9 (2.9 ± 0.4, n = 25, compared with 8.3 ± 0.4, n = 12; p < 0.003). In both cases, a single T cell treatment resulted in significantly better recovery than that observed in control rats treated with T cells directed against the nonself antigen ovalbumin. Delayed treatment with T cells (1 week after contusion) resulted in significantly better recovery (7.0 ± 1; n = 6) than that observed in control rats treated with PBS (2.0 ± 0.8;n = 6; p < 0.01; nonparametric ANOVA). Rats immunized with MBP obtained a recovery score of 6.1 ± 0.8 (n = 6) compared with a score of 3.0 ± 0.8 (n = 5; p < 0.05) in control rats injected with PBS in IFA. Morphometric analysis, immunohistochemical staining, and diffusion anisotropy magnetic resonance imaging showed that the behavioral outcome was correlated with tissue preservation. The results suggest that T cell-mediated immune activity, achieved by either adoptive transfer or active immunization, enhances recovery from spinal cord injury by conferring effective neuroprotection. The autoimmune T cells, once reactivated at the lesion site through recognition of their specific antigen, are a potential source of various protective factors whose production is locally regulated.
Progressive Failure Analysis for Prediction of Post-buckling Compressive Strength of Laminated Composite Plates and Stiffened Panels

A progressive failure analysis for prediction of the post-buckling compressive strength of laminated composite plates and stiffened panels is presented. A non-linear finite element code with a new explicit through-thickness integration scheme is proposed for the prediction of the structural responses. A progressive failure analysis is then developed with use of the finite element code coupled with the Tsai—Wu criterion and a limited property degradation model to determine the post-buckling compressive strength of laminated composite plates and stiffened panels. The numerical accuracy and the computational efficiency of the progressive failure analysis were evaluated with reference to the available experimental data, the numerical results of several references, and the analysis with use of the traditional finite element model. A parametric study to investigate the effects of the stacking sequences and the lamina thickness on the post-buckling compressive strength of laminated composite plates and stiffened panels is performed.
Alpha, beta, or gamma: where does all the diversity go?

Global taxonomic richness is affected by variation in three components: within-community, or alpha, diversity; between-community, or beta, diversity; and between-region, or gamma, diversity. A data set consisting of 505 faunal lists distributed among 40 stratigraphic intervals and six environmental zones was used to investigate how variation in alpha and beta diversity influenced global diversity through the Paleozoic, and especially during the Ordovician radiations. As first shown by Bambach (1977), alpha diversity increased by 50 to 70 percent in offshore marine environments during the Ordovician and then remained essentially constant for the remainder of the Paleozoic. The increase is insufficient, however, to account for the 300 percent rise observed in global generic diversity. It is shown that beta diversity among level, soft-bottom communities also increased significantly during the early Paleozoic. This change is related to enhanced habitat selection, and presumably increased overall specialization, among diversifying taxa during the Ordovician radiations. Combined with alpha diversity, the measured change in beta diversity still accounts for only about half of the increase in global diversity. Other sources of increase are probably not related to variation in gamma diversity but rather to appearance and/or expansion of organic reefs, hardground communities, bryozoan thickets, and crinoid gardens during the Ordovician.
Phonetic Interference in Bilingual Speakers Learning a Third Language: The Production of Lateral Consonants.

Gemma MARTINEZ-DAUDENJoaquim LLISTERRILaboratori de Fonetica, Facultat de Lletres,Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona,08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain1. INTRODUCTIONThis paper addresses itself to some issues derived from third language learning in abilingual community and relates them to the findings in the study of second languageproduction in bilinguals. The problem is exemplified with a study of the lateralconsonant [l] produced in different speech styles and by different groups of bilingualspeakers.1. 1. BILINGUALISMThe study has been carried out in Catalonia, a bilingual community where both Catalanand Spanish are used. Native Catalan speakers are able to use Spanish in any situationand native Spanish speakers living in Catalonia usually understand Catalan, althoughtheir production abilities may vary from individual to individual. Specific interferenceproblems arise in that situation and some research has already been carried out at thePhonetics Laboratory of the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona comparing theperformance of bilingual (i.e. Catalan - Spanish) vs. monolingual (i.e. Spanish) subjectswhen learning French as a third language (Llisterri and Poch, 1987 a, b). Also thecharacterization of the Spanish variety used by speakers with Catalan as their nativelanguage has been studied by a number of researchers.1. 2. LATERALSIn an early work comparing lateral consonants, Navarro (1917) established the velarizedcharacter of Catalan [l] in front of the alveolar point of articulation characteristic of thisconsonant in Castilian Spanish. Further experimental studies have confirmed this remarkby showing the existence in Catalan of the lingual retraction common to the so-called"dark" varieties of [l]. Thus, while Spanish - as French and Italian - exhibits a "clear"(i.e. alveolar non velarized) lateral, Catalan - as English in certain positions - shows a"dark" i.e. velarized) allophone of this consonant.Laterals are produced with resonance in the vocal tract, and therefore they exhibitformants in their acoustic spectrum. Lingual retraction can be indirectly measuredlooking at the frequency of the second formant ( F2 ), as has been remarked by Delattre
Compliance with prescription filling in the pediatric emergency department.

OBJECTIVES To determine the rate of compliance with filling of prescriptions written in a pediatric emergency department and to examine the reasons for not filling the prescriptions. DESIGN Compliance with filling prescriptions was determined using a follow-up standardized telephone questionnaire, designed so that it was not obvious that assessing prescription filling was the major reason for the study. Compliance herein was defined as having the prescription filled on the same or next day of the pediatric emergency department visit. SETTING Pediatric emergency department of a tertiary care hospital. SUBJECTS Pediatric patients discharged home with a drug prescription. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The proportion of prescriptions written in the pediatric emergency department that were filled on either the same or next day as determined by telephone follow-up. This outcome is expressed as a proportion with 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Follow-up was completed in 1014 (83%) of the 1222 children, aged 4.5 +/- 4.2 (mean +/- SD) years. Compliance with prescription filling was 92.7% (940/1014). Parental reasons for not filling the prescription included medication unnecessary (27%), financial (6.8%), and not enough time (6.8%). Dissatisfaction with the explanation of the medical problem, instructions for treatment, and instructions for follow-up treatment were significantly associated with noncompliance by univariable logistic regression (P<.05). CONCLUSION The rate of prescription nonfilling in children seen in a pediatric emergency department is at least 7%, although lower than that in adults in a similar setting.
A Low-Power 2.4-GHz Receiver Front End With a Lateral Current-Reusing Technique

A 2.4-GHz current-reused receiver front end is presented in this brief. Instead of using the traditional stack-on current-reusing scheme that compresses the voltage headroom, the proposed front end employs a lateral current-shunt branch to share most of the dc bias current of the transconductance transistors in an LNA and a mixer. To prevent the signal interaction between the two modules, an LC tank is inserted into the current-reusing path to cut off the radio-frequency signal path between the LNA and the mixer. The IF signal blocking is realized by inserting a cascode transistor that provides large impedance for the IF signal from the mixer. Theory analysis and simulation results indicate that the current-reusing structure improves the noise performance and only a small impact on the voltage gain. A prototype of the proposed front end is designed and fabricated in the 130-nm CMOS process. Measurement results indicate that the front end achieved a conversion gain of 25 dB, a double-sideband noise figure of 3.5 dB, and a third-order input intercept point (IIP3) of -13 dBm at an input frequency of 2.4 GHz. The dc consumption of the front end is 3 mA under a supply voltage of 1.2 V.
A 0.5-degree error 10mW CMOS image sensor-based gaze estimation processor with logarithmic processing

A CMOS image sensor (CIS)-based gaze estimation processor (GEP) is proposed for the next generation user interface (UI) of the smart glasses. It integrates a functional CMOS image sensor (CIS), a RISC, and an ellipse fitting engine (EFE) on a single chip to reduce the power consumption. The functional CIS includes mixed-signal pre-processing circuits, pupil edge detection circuit (PEDC) and glint corner detection circuit (GCDC). Logarithmic processing elements (LPE) is used for EFE to reduce the power consumption further. As a result, PEDC/GCDC and LPE can reduce overall power by 55.2% and 14.1%, respectively. Implemented in 65nm CMOS technology, the 11.29mm2 chip consumes 10mW power at 30fps real-time operation, and 0.5° error is achieved in a glass-type wearable system.
Molecular Mechanism of a Thumb Domain Hepatitis C Virus Nonnucleoside RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Inhibitor

ABSTRACT A new pyranoindole class of small-molecule inhibitors was studied to understand viral resistance and elucidate the mechanism of inhibition in hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. HCV replicon variants less susceptible to inhibition by the pyranoindoles were selected in Huh-7 hepatoma cells. Variant replicons contained clusters of mutations in the NS5B polymerase gene corresponding to the drug-binding pocket on the surface of the thumb domain identified by X-ray crystallography. An additional cluster of mutations present in part of a unique β-hairpin loop was also identified. The mutations were characterized by using recombinant replicon variants engineered with the corresponding amino acid substitutions. A single mutation (L419M or M423V), located at the pyranoindole-binding site, resulted in an 8- to 10-fold more resistant replicon, while a combination mutant (T19P, M71V, A338V, M423V, A442T) showed a 17-fold increase in drug resistance. The results of a competition experiment with purified NS5B enzyme with GTP showed that the inhibitory activity of the pyranoindole inhibitor was not affected by GTP at concentrations up to 250 μM. Following de novo initiation, the presence of a pyranoindole inhibitor resulted in the accumulation of a five-nucleotide oligomer, with a concomitant decrease in higher-molecular-weight products. The results of these studies have confirmed that pyranoindoles target the NS5B polymerase through interactions at the thumb domain. This inhibition is independent of GTP concentrations and is likely mediated by an allosteric blockade introduced by the inhibitor during the transition to RNA elongation after the formation of an initiation complex.
Developmental trauma, complex PTSD, and the current proposal of DSM-5

This paper evaluates representation of clinical consequences of developmental psychological trauma in the current proposal of DSM-5. Despite intensive efforts by its proponents for two decades, it is not known yet if Complex PTSD will take a place in the final version of DSM-5. Recognition of dissociative character of several symptom dimensions and introduction of items about negative affects such as shame and guilt imply an indirect improvement toward better coverage of the consequences of developmental trauma in the existing category of PTSD. As disorders with highest prevalence of chronic traumatization in early years of life, dissociative disorders and personality disorder of borderline type are maintained as DSM-5 categories; however, recognition of a separate type of trauma-related personality disorder is unlikely. While a preschooler age variant of PTSD is under consideration, the proposed diagnosis of Developmental Trauma Disorder (child version of Complex PTSD) has not secured a place in the DSM-5 yet. We welcome considerations of subsuming Adjustment Disorders, Acute Stress Disorder, PTSD, and Dissociative Disorders under one rubric, i.e., Section of Trauma, Stress, or Event Related Disorders. Given the current conceptualization of DSM-5, this paper proposes Complex PTSD to be a subtype of the DSM-5 PTSD. Composition of a trauma-related disorders section would facilitate integration of knowledge and expertise about interrelated and overlapping consequences of trauma. For the abstract or full text in other languages, please see Supplementary files under Reading Tools online
mAKAP—A Master Scaffold for Cardiac Remodeling

Abstract: Cardiac remodeling is regulated by an extensive intracellular signal transduction network. Each of the many signaling pathways in this network contributes uniquely to the control of cellular adaptation. In the last few years, it has become apparent that multimolecular signaling complexes or “signalosomes” are important for fidelity in intracellular signaling and for mediating crosstalk between the different signaling pathways. These complexes integrate upstream signals and control downstream effectors. In the cardiac myocyte, the protein mAKAP&bgr; serves as a scaffold for a large signalosome that is responsive to cAMP, calcium, hypoxia, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. The main function of mAKAP&bgr; signalosomes is to modulate stress-related gene expression regulated by the transcription factors NFATc, MEF2, and HIF-1&agr; and type II histone deacetylases that control pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
The Exopolysaccharide Matrix

Many infectious diseases in humans are caused or exacerbated by biofilms. Dental caries is a prime example of a biofilm-dependent disease, resulting from interactions of microorganisms, host factors, and diet (sugars), which modulate the dynamic formation of biofilms on tooth surfaces. All biofilms have a microbial-derived extracellular matrix as an essential constituent. The exopolysaccharides formed through interactions between sucrose- (and starch-) and Streptococcus mutans-derived exoenzymes present in the pellicle and on microbial surfaces (including non-mutans) provide binding sites for cariogenic and other organisms. The polymers formed in situ enmesh the microorganisms while forming a matrix facilitating the assembly of three-dimensional (3D) multicellular structures that encompass a series of microenvironments and are firmly attached to teeth. The metabolic activity of microbes embedded in this exopolysaccharide-rich and diffusion-limiting matrix leads to acidification of the milieu and, eventually, acid-dissolution of enamel. Here, we discuss recent advances concerning spatio-temporal development of the exopolysaccharide matrix and its essential role in the pathogenesis of dental caries. We focus on how the matrix serves as a 3D scaffold for biofilm assembly while creating spatial heterogeneities and low-pH microenvironments/niches. Further understanding on how the matrix modulates microbial activity and virulence expression could lead to new approaches to control cariogenic biofilms.
SNP rs3825214 in TBX5 Is Associated with Lone Atrial Fibrillation in Chinese Han Population

Background A prolonged PR interval is a sign of increased risk of cardiac arrhythmia. Recent genome-wide association studies found that the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3825214 in T-box 5 (TBX5) was positively associated with PR interval, QRS duration, QT interval, and common arrhythmia disorders such as atrial fibrillation (AF) and advanced atrioventricular block. However, other independent replication studies are required to validate the result. This study assessed associations between rs3825214 and ECG parameters, AF, and ventricular tachycardia (VT) in a Chinese Han population. Methodology/Principal Findings To assess the association between rs3825214 and AF and VT, we carried out case-control association studies with 692 AF patients (including 275 lone AF patients), 235 VT patients, and 856 controls. Genotyping was performed using a Rotor-Gene TM 6000 High Resolution Melt system. Statistical analyses of associations were adjusted for potential confounding factors. A moderate association was detected between rs3825214 and AF (P adj = 0.036, OR = 0.79) and a highly significant association was detected between the G allele of rs3825214 and lone AF (P adj = 0.001, OR = 0.65; genotypic P = 3.75×10−4 with a dominant model). We also found that rs3825214 showed a significant association with atrial-ventricular block (AVB; P = 0.028; P adj = 0.035, OR = 0.494). Conclusions Our results indicate that rs3825214 conferred a significant risk of lone AF in this Chinese Han population.