Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of Empathy in Girls During the Second Year of Life: Associations with Parenting, Attachment, and Temperament

The development, antecedents, and concomitants of empathic concern in the second year of life were examined. Associations with parental sensitivity, children's fearfulness and attachment security were investigated. At 16 and at 22 months, 125 firstborn girls from middle-class families were observed in their homes and in the laboratory. Empathic concern was assessed from the girls’ responses to simulated distress in their mothers and in an unfamiliar person. Temperamental fearfulness was observed when they were confronted with potentially scary items. Attachment security was assessed with the Strange Situation procedure, and parental sensitivity was measured in problem-solving situations both at home and in the lab. From 16 to 22 months, empathic concern for the mother's distress increased, whereas empathy for the stranger decreased. A more fearful temperament and less attachment security predicted less empathic concern for the stranger's distress. Antecedent and concurrent measures of parenting showed disappointingly weak associations with empathic concern. Empathy for strangers in distress requires the regulation of negative emotions for which fearful and insecurely attached girls seem to be less well equipped.
Calcium-sensing Receptor Modulates Cell Adhesion and Migration via Integrins*

Background: The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a nutrient sensor implicated in cell migration. Results: The CaSR is present in a signaling complex with β1-containing integrins. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that an ion-sensing G protein-coupled receptor couples to the integrins to promote cellular adhesion and migration in tumor cells. Significance: Identifying components of the CaSR signaling complex is important for understanding the role of the CaSR in cancer cell metastasis. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a family C G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by elevated levels of extracellular divalent cations. The CaSR couples to members of the Gq family of G proteins, and in the endocrine system this receptor is instrumental in regulating the release of parathyroid hormone from the parathyroid gland and calcitonin from thyroid cells. Here, we demonstrate that in medullary thyroid carcinoma cells, the CaSR promotes cellular adhesion and migration via coupling to members of the integrin family of extracellular matrix-binding proteins. Immunopurification and mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, and co-localization studies showed that the CaSR and β1-containing integrins are components of a macromolecular protein complex. In fibronectin-based cell adhesion and migration assays, the CaSR-positive allosteric modulator NPS R-568 induced a concentration-dependent increase in cell adhesion and migration; both of these effects were blocked by a specific CaSR-negative allosteric modulator. These effects were mediated by integrins because they were blocked by a peptide inhibitor of integrin binding to fibronectin and β1 knockdown experiments. An analysis of intracellular signaling pathways revealed a key role for CaSR-induced phospholipase C activation and the release of intracellular calcium. These results demonstrate for the first time that an ion-sensing G protein-coupled receptor functionally couples to the integrins and, in conjunction with intracellular calcium release, promotes cellular adhesion and migration in tumor cells. The significance of this interaction is further highlighted by studies implicating the CaSR in cancer metastasis, axonal growth, and stem cell attachment, functions that rely on integrin-mediated cell adhesion.
When Do Associations Matter? The Use of Automatic Associations toward Ethnic Groups in Person Judgments ☆

Previous studies have reported weak correlations between automatic associations toward ethnic minorities and social judgments. The present report argues that automatic associations are more strongly related to social judgments when the amount of processing is low rather than high. The study reported here examined whether automatic associations and self-reported attitudes toward Turkish immigrants in Germany predict judgments about a specific exemplar of this group when need for cognition (NFC) is considered as a moderator. As expected, the relationship between automatic associations and the target judgment increased when NFC decreased. Moreover, the relationship between automatic associations and the target judgment was independent of the self-reported out-group evaluation. Instead, automatic associations contributed significantly to the prediction of the self-reported out-group evaluation when NFC was low. These findings suggest that individuals base their judgments on automatic associations, especially when they are less prone to engaging in effortful cognitive processing.
Frequency and clinical relevance of inconsistent code status documentation.

BACKGROUND Accurate and complete documentation of hospitalized patients' code status is important to ensure that healthcare providers take appropriate action in the event of a cardiac arrest. OBJECTIVE Determine the frequency and clinical relevance of incomplete and inconsistent code status documentation. DESIGN Point-prevalence study. SETTING Academic medical centers. PATIENTS Patients admitted to general internal medicine wards. MEASUREMENTS Frequency and clinical relevance of inconsistent code status documentation across 5 documentation sources. RESULTS Thirty-eight (20%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 14%-26%) of 187 patients had complete and consistent code status documentation. Another 27 (14%; 95% CI, 9%-19%) patients had no code status documentation. The remaining 122 (65%; 95% CI, 58%-72%) patients had at least 1 code status documentation inconsistency. Of these, 38 (20%; 95% CI, 14%-26%) patients had a clinically relevant code status documentation inconsistency. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that increased age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.07 [95% CI, 1.05-1.10] for every 1-year increase in age, P < 0.001) and patients receiving comfort measures (OR = 9.39 [95% CI, 1.35-65.19], P = 0.02) were independently associated with a clinically relevant code status documentation inconsistency. CONCLUSIONS Incomplete and inconsistent documentation of code status occurred frequently in hospitalized patients, especially elderly patients and patients receiving comfort measures. Having multiple, poorly integrated code status documentation sources leads to a significant number of concerning inconsistencies that create opportunities for healthcare providers to inappropriately deliver or withhold resuscitative measures that conflict with patients' expressed wishes. Institutions need to be aware of this potential documentation hazard and take steps to minimize code status documentation inconsistencies.
An investigAtion of group interAction functioning stimulAted by trAnsformAtionAl leAdership on employee intrinsic And extrinsic job sAtisfAction: An extension of the resource-bAsed theory perspective

Resource-based theory (RBT) has long been used to gain a perspective for understanding the relationship between human resource management and the attainment of effective organizational leadership. In this study, we investigate the effect of transformational leadership (TL) on employee intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction. In addition, we examine whether mediators in employee group interaction behaviors act as mediators in the TL process. Overall, we attained significant results which were consistent with the RBT predictions but we moved beyond previous RBT studies, offering new findings and insights. It was found that TL has a significant influence on both interaction behaviors and employee job satisfaction, interaction behaviors have a significant influence on satisfaction, and the interaction behaviors act as mediators to enhance the effect of TL on satisfaction. It is suggested that interaction behaviors should be incorporated with TL to increase employee satisfaction because interaction behaviors are highly dependent on TL to support the integration of information, resources, and technology in group goal attainment, which helps to increase satisfaction.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome During Combined Modality Therapy for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Objectives: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare and acute disease with central nervous system symptoms. Without appropriate therapy, patients may exhibit a poor prognosis. PRES should be recognized as a possible problem during therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods: A 56-year-old female developed PRES during combined modality therapy for HNSCC. On the fourth day after surgery and following chemoradiotherapy, PRES developed with a sudden visual disorder, followed by headache located at the back of the head and convulsions accompanied by impaired consciousness. We diagnosed PRES based on the clinical manifestations and magnetic resonance imaging data. Results: The patient recovered from PRES by appropriate treatment. Conclusion: This is the first case report of PRES developed during treatment for HNSCC. Masked by other cerebrovascular disorders, more cases of PRES could exist than usually expected; therefore, we should consider PRES as a differential diagnosis for central nervous system disorders developing during high-intensity therapy.
Energy Efficient Multirate Interaction in Distributed Source Coding and Wireless Sensor Network

Distributed source coding (DSC) based signal processing applications involve data transmissions at multirates in wireless sensor network (WSN). In this paper, we propose a novel cross layer approach in WSN to achieve energy efficiency using multirates desirable for the DSC based signal processing applications and current network conditions. Our approach can be summarized into two parts: first, energy efficient multirate MAC-PHY supporting DSC applications; and second, rate oriented interaction of MAC-PHY and DSC applications. Multirate MAC-PHY utilizes desirable bit error rate (BER), channel attenuation, corresponding modulation schemes, and multirate requirements, to determine the minimum desirable transmission power. Rate oriented interaction provides optimal transmission rates feedback to interact with DSC applications, making DSC applications adaptively adjust information coding rate according to network conditions. This interactive approach achieves further energy saving significantly by making the DSC application aware of WSN conditions. Besides DSC, this work can be easily extended to other multirate signal processing applications in WSN.
Greater muscle damage in athletes with ACTN3 R577X (RS1815739) gene polymorphism after an ultra-endurance race: a pilot study

In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of ACTN3 R577X gene polymorphism on muscle damage responses in athletes competing in an ultra-endurance race. Twenty moderate to well-trained ultra-runners who had entered in an official 37.1 km adventure race (22.1 km mountain biking, 10.9 km trekking, 4.1 km water trekking, 30 m rope course, and orienteering) volunteered for the study. Blood samples were collected for genotyping and analysis of muscle protein levels before and after the race. Percentage changes (pre- to post-race) of serum myoglobin [XX = 5,377% vs. RX/RR = 1,666%; P = 0.005, effect size (ES) = 1.73], creatine kinase (XX = 836.5% vs. RX/RR = 455%; P = 0.04, ES = 1.29), lactate dehydrogenase (XX = 82% vs. RX/RR = 65%; P = 0.002, ES = 1.61), and aspartate aminotransferase (XX = 148% vs. RX/RR = 75%; P = 0.02, ES = 1.77) were significantly greater for XX than RX/RR genotypes. ES analysis confirmed a large magnitude of muscle damage in XX genotype ultra-runners. Therefore, athletes with the ACTN3 577XX genotype experienced more muscle damage after an adventure race. This suggests that ultra-runners with alpha-actinin-3 deficiency may be more susceptible to rhabdomyolysis and associated health complications during ultra-endurance competitions.
Neglecting Rice Milling Yield and Quality Underestimates Economic Losses from High-Temperature Stress

Future increases in global surface temperature threaten those worldwide who depend on rice production for their livelihoods and food security. Past analyses of high-temperature stress on rice production have focused on paddy yield and have failed to account for the detrimental impact of high temperatures on milling quality outcomes, which ultimately determine edible (marketable) rice yield and market value. Using genotype specific rice yield and milling quality data on six common rice varieties from Arkansas, USA, combined with on-site, half-hourly and daily temperature observations, we show a nonlinear effect of high-temperature stress exposure on yield and milling quality. A 1°C increase in average growing season temperature reduces paddy yield by 6.2%, total milled rice yield by 7.1% to 8.0%, head rice yield by 9.0% to 13.8%, and total milling revenue by 8.1% to 11.0%, across genotypes. Our results indicate that failure to account for changes in milling quality leads to understatement of the impacts of high temperatures on rice production outcomes. These dramatic losses result from reduced paddy yield and increased percentages of chalky and broken kernels, which together decrease the quantity and market value of milled rice. Recently published estimates show paddy yield reductions of up to 10% across the major rice-producing regions of South and Southeast Asia due to rising temperatures. The results of our study suggest that the often-cited 10% figure underestimates the economic implications of climate change for rice producers, thus potentially threatening future food security for global rice producers and consumers.
Spiritual barriers to humility: a multidimensional study

Many spiritual and religious traditions view spiritual pride as contrary to humility; however, the rising empirical research on spirituality and humility has involved limited investigation of the variety of spiritual barriers that inhibit a humble disposition. The present study investigated three distinct spiritual barriers (spiritual grandiosity, insecure attachment to God, and hunger for idealisation) as independent predictors of dispositional humility among graduate trainees in the helping professions (N = 162) from a Protestant-affiliated university in the USA. Results indicated that each construct of interest predicted lower levels of humility when controlling for both spiritual impression management and the other spiritual barriers. These findings supported theoretical assertions of the discriminant validity of each independent variable in predicting lower levels of humility and supported construct validity of the humility measure. Conceptual considerations and suggestions for future research and graduate training are discussed.
Energy requirement for sodium reabsorption in the in vivo rabbit kidney.

TORELLI, G. , E. MILLA, A. FAELLI, AND S. COSTANTINI. Energy requirement for sodium reabsorption in the in uiuo rabbit kidney. Am, J. Physiol. 21 I (3) : 576-580. Ig66. -The relationship between reabsorbed sodium and oxygen consumption was studied in the in vivo rabbit kidney. Blood samples were taken from the femoral artery and directly from the left renal vein of anesthetized rabbits. Blood flow was measured directly from the renal vein. Urine was collected from the left ureter. Glomerular filtration rate was measured as inulin clearance; sodium reabsorption was obtained by subtracting the excreted sodium from the filtered sodium; oxygen consumption was calculated by multiplying the arterial-venous oxygen difference by the renal blood flow. The suprabasal aerobic energy consumption was found to be I M 02 consumed for every 30 Eq of Na+ reabsorbed. In addition, lactic acid production was measured to determine the amount of energy derived from anaerobic sources. There was no appreciable lactic acid production. These results are discussed in terms of efficiency of active Na+ transport across the renal tubular cell.
The Role of Left Supplementary Motor Area in Grip Force Scaling

Skilled tool use and object manipulation critically relies on the ability to scale anticipatorily the grip force (GF) in relation to object dynamics. This predictive behaviour entails that the nervous system is able to store, and then select, the appropriate internal representation of common object dynamics, allowing GF to be applied in parallel with the arm motor commands. Although psychophysical studies have provided strong evidence supporting the existence of internal representations of object dynamics, known as “internal models”, their neural correlates are still debated. Because functional neuroimaging studies have repeatedly designated the supplementary motor area (SMA) as a possible candidate involved in internal model implementation, we used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to interfere with the normal functioning of left or right SMA in healthy participants performing a grip-lift task with either hand. TMS applied over the left, but not right, SMA yielded an increase in both GF and GF rate, irrespective of the hand used to perform the task, and only when TMS was delivered 130–180 ms before the fingers contacted the object. We also found that both left and right SMA rTMS led to a decrease in preload phase durations for contralateral hand movements. The present study suggests that left SMA is a crucial node in the network processing the internal representation of object dynamics although further experiments are required to rule out that TMS does not affect the GF gain. The present finding also further substantiates the left hemisphere dominance in scaling GF.
The influence of seriousness and contagiousness of disease on emotional reactions to ill persons

Abstract Extends research on illness cognition by arguing that two major dimensions of illness cognition - seriousness and contagiousness of disease - are responsible for different emotional responses to ill persons, and that the activation of these dimensions is dependent on type of contact with these persons. Using a vignet methodology, nursing students (N = 333) were asked to imagine having different types of contact with patients with diseases differing in seriousness and contagiousness. When participants imagined personal contact with the patient, their anxiety responses and self-efficacy expectations were primarily determined by seriousness of disease. In contrast, when they anticipated close physical contact with the patient, subjects' anxiety reactions and self-efficacy expectations were primarily influenced by contagiousness of disease. Seriousness of disease appeared to be a major determinant of feelings of pity, poweriessness, sadness, and motivation to psychologically support the patient. Theo.
The performance profile in practice

Abstract Performance Profiling has been proposed as a means of facilitating an understanding of the way an athlete perceives hisher ability and preparation for performance. Essentially derived from Personal Construct Theoxy, which emphasizes the individuality of each person's understanding of hisherself and hidber outlook, the method of Performance Profiling has invited a broad range of application. This paper describes the method of Performance P r o a g and demonstrates the versatility of the technique through presentation of three applied aspects in the sport of amateur boxing. Individual analysis of one boxer's Performance Profile illustrates the influence this had on the coaching and psychological input. How the Performance Profile helps coach and boxer monitor progress leading to a major championship is depicted with a further case analysis. Finally the variance in perception between coach and boxer is highlighted through individual and group Profiles. This paper also discusses future uses and issue.
Structural mapping: how to study the genetic architecture of a phenotypic trait through its formation mechanism

Traditional approaches for genetic mapping are to simply associate the genotypes of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) with the phenotypic variation of a complex trait. A more mechanistic strategy has emerged to dissect the trait phenotype into its structural components and map specific QTLs that control the mechanistic and structural formation of a complex trait. We describe and assess such a strategy, called structural mapping, by integrating the internal structural basis of trait formation into a QTL mapping framework. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been instrumental for describing the structural components of a phenotypic trait and their interactions. By building robust mathematical models on circuit EIS data and embedding these models within a mixture model-based likelihood for QTL mapping, structural mapping implements the EM algorithm to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of QTL genotype-specific EIS parameters. The uniqueness of structural mapping is to make it possible to test a number of hypotheses about the pattern of the genetic control of structural components. We validated structural mapping by analyzing an EIS data collected for QTL mapping of frost hardiness in a controlled cross of jujube trees. The statistical properties of parameter estimates were examined by simulation studies. Structural mapping can be a powerful alternative for genetic mapping of complex traits by taking account into the biological and physical mechanisms underlying their formation.
Myxoid Liposarcoma-Associated EWSR1-DDIT3 Selectively Represses Osteoblastic and Chondrocytic Transcription in Multipotent Mesenchymal Cells

Background Liposarcomas are the most common class of soft tissue sarcomas, and myxoid liposarcoma is the second most common liposarcoma. EWSR1-DDIT3 is a chimeric fusion protein generated by the myxoid liposarcoma-specific chromosomal translocation t(12;22)(q13;q12). Current studies indicate that multipotent mesenchymal cells are the origin of sarcomas. The mechanism whereby EWSR1-DDIT3 contributes to the phenotypic selection of target cells during oncogenic transformation remains to be elucidated. Methodology/Principal Findings Reporter assays showed that the EWSR1-DDIT3 myxoid liposarcoma fusion protein, but not its wild-type counterparts EWSR1 and DDIT3, selectively repressed the transcriptional activity of cell lineage-specific marker genes in multipotent mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 cells. Specifically, the osteoblastic marker Opn promoter and chondrocytic marker Col11a2 promoter were repressed, while the adipocytic marker Ppar-γ2 promoter was not affected. Mutation analyses, transient ChIP assays, and treatment of cells with trichostatin A (a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylases) or 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (a methylation-resistant cytosine homolog) revealed the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the above-mentioned selective transcriptional repression. The first is a genetic action of the EWSR1-DDIT3 fusion protein, which results in binding to the functional C/EBP site within Opn and Col11a2 promoters through interaction of its DNA-binding domain and subsequent interference with endogenous C/EBPβ function. Another possible mechanism is an epigenetic action of EWSR1-DDIT3, which enhances histone deacetylation, DNA methylation, and histone H3K9 trimethylation at the transcriptional repression site. We hypothesize that EWSR1-DDIT3-mediated transcriptional regulation may modulate the target cell lineage through target gene-specific genetic and epigenetic conversions. Conclusions/Significance This study elucidates the molecular mechanisms underlying EWSR1-DDIT3 fusion protein-mediated phenotypic selection of putative target multipotent mesenchymal cells during myxoid liposarcoma development. A better understanding of this process is fundamental to the elucidation of possible direct lineage reprogramming in oncogenic sarcoma transformation mediated by fusion proteins.