Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude of Community on Leprosy Patients in Kuyera Town, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Region Southeast Ethiopia

Background: Leprosy is caused by bacteria mycobacterium leprae though very few believed this. In perception of community leprosy is disabling, incurable, hereditary disease, and associated with dirtiness, oozy and bad smelling wounds. Negative perceptions result in reduced quality of life for leprosy patients and hold back their access to health care services. In Ethiopia Leprosy was identified as major health problem since 1950 and it is still endemic in Oromia, Amhara and Southern Ethiopia. Objectives: To assess knowledge and attitude of the community on leprosy. Methods: Community based cross sectional study was conducted. 296 houses were selected using systematic random sampling. Data was cleared, checked and analyzed by master sheet, scientific calculator, and computer and presented by using tables, figure and narrative texts. Chi-square test was done and p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Overall 57 (19.31%) of the respondents had high level knowledge on leprosy. Majority 205 (69.26%) knew that leprosy can lead to deformities and disfigurements, 143 (48.31%) believe the disease is caused by bacteria, 120 (40.54%) believe it is due to curse or punishment by God and 228 (77.03%) said it is hereditary. 105 (35.47%) believe leprosy is transmitted by having sexual contact with leprosy patients. 275 (92.91%) said leprosy can be treated by drugs. 107 (36.15%) did not want to sit with leprosy patients. Age, religion and educational status had association with knowledge of leprosy. Conclusion: About four fifth had low level knowledge and majority had negative attitude on leprosy. Majority knew multiple causes for leprosy. Less than half replied that leprosy is caused by bacteria and more than one third said it is caused by curse or punishment from God. Health education to reduce stigmatizing behaviors and improve the community knowledge of and attitude to leprosy should be given focus.
Mechanism of sulfotransferase pharmacogenetics in altered xenobiotic metabolism

Introduction: Cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs), one of the vital enzymes of detoxication, catalyze the sulfation of native and exogenous hydrophobic molecules. Xenobiotic accumulation can induce a variety of diseases, including cancers. Sulfation facilitates the solubilization and removal of xenobiotics. However, sulfation may activate the pharmacological activities of xenobiotics. Areas covered: The purpose of this review was to correlate the sequence, structure and function of SULTs. We focused on understanding the sulfation mechanisms of SULT through its sequence variation. We selectively reviewed SULT drug substrates, explained the enzyme-catalyzed sulfation reaction and its kinetic mechanisms, and the effect of amino acid sequence variation, such as single-nucleotide polymorphism, on the enzyme function. Expert opinion: A wealth of information is available in the literature for understanding the detailed mechanisms underlying xenobiotic sulfation. We reviewed information regarding the sequence, structure and reaction mechanism of SULTs and explained how SULT activities altered. In addition to revealing the SULT kinetics, the mRNA expression of specific SULTs in tissues that revealed their distribution in tissues also affects overall SULT activities. Understanding of the structure–function relationship and the reaction mechanism of SULTs is valuable for understanding, preventing and treating diseases.
High expression of long non‐coding RNA AFAP1‐AS1 predicts chemoradioresistance and poor prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy

To evaluate the clinical significance of lncRNAs in the resistance to cisplatin‐based chemoradiotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We focused on lncRNAs which were frequently reported in ESCC or were involved in chemoradiotherapy resistance. LncRNA expressions were examined in paired cisplatin‐resistant and parental ESCC cell lines. Dysregulated lncRNAs were further measured in 162 pretreatment biopsy specimens of ESCC who received definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT). Then the correlations between lncRNA expression and response to dCRT and prognosis were analyzed. Three lncRNAs (AFAP1‐AS1, UCA1, HOTAIR) were found to be deregulated in cisplatin‐resistant cells compared with their parent cells. AFAP1‐AS1 was significantly up‐regulated in tumor tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues (P = 0.006). Furthermore, overexpression of AFAP1‐AS1 was closely associated with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001), distant metastasis (P = 0.016), advanced clinical stage (P = 0.002), and response to dCRT (P < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that high expression of AFAP1‐AS1 was significantly associated with shorter progression free survival (PFS) (median, 15 months vs. 27 months, P < 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (median, 29 months vs. 42 months, P < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, high expression of AFAP1‐AS1 was found to be an independent risk factor to predict poor PFS (HR, 1.626; P = 0.027) and OS (HR, 1.888; P = 0.004). Thus, high expression of AFAP1‐AS1 could serve as a potential biomarker to predict tumor response and survival. Determination of this lncRNA expression might be useful for selection ESCC patients for dCRT. © 2016 The Authors. Molecular Carcinogenesis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hokkien Chinese Borrowings on Cookery in Tagalog

This paper attempts to examine the Tagalog loanwords of Hokkien origin in the domain of cookery through the semantic analyses. Taxonomic analysis to the Hokkien loanwords on cookery provided superordinate and subordinate levels which showed the hierarchical relationships of the lowest-level categories to the highest-level ones. Percentages of loanwords under each category on three different levels were taken into consideration. Based on the analysis, generalization on the nature of loanwords in the domains was made. The findings reveal the fact that these terms of food and ways of cooking which were commonly identified with the Hokkien Chinese were readily accepted by the Tagalog speakers.
Self-Efficacy, Perceived Social Support, and Psychological Adjustment in International Undergraduate Students in a Public Higher Education Institution in Malaysia

The globalization of the economy and society has had its impact on Malaysian higher education institutions, particularly universities. The Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education aims at intensifying globalization through increasing the number of international students. However, many international students struggle with adjusting to a new culture. The role of self-efficacy and social support on international students’ adjustment is important because international students encounter many academic and cultural challenges when they come to Malaysia. Thus, the present study examined the relationship between self-efficacy, perceived social support, and psychological adjustment of international students in a Malaysian public university. A total of 185 international students from various countries and regions completed questionnaires about their self-efficacy, perceived social support, and psychological adjustment. The General Self-Efficacy Scale (Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1995) was administered to assess the international students’ self-beliefs to cope with a variety of difficult demands in life. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet et al., 1988) was used to assess international students’ social support. Psychological adjustment was measured with the Satisfaction With Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985). As hypothesized, self-efficacy and only 1 dimension of perceived social support (support from friends and significant others) significantly related with psychological adjustment. Implications of the findings for better adjustment in university environment among international students and future research on international students; adjustment are discussed.
A History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict

Preface to the Second Edition Preface A Note on Transliteration Part I. Jews and Arabs Before the Conflict: The Congruent Origins of Modern Zionism and Arab Nationalism 1. Jewish History and the Emergence of Modern Political Zionism 2. Arab History and the Origins of Nationalism in the Arab World Part II. Emergence and History of the Conflict to 1948 3. The Conflict Takes Shape 4. The Dual Society in Mandatory Palestine Part III. Routinization of the Conflict, 1948-1967 5. The Palestinian Disaster and Basic Issues after 1948 6. Israel and the Arab States through June 1967 Part IV. The Palestinian Dimension Reemerges: From the June War through Camp David 7. Postwar Diplomacy and the Rise of the Palestine Resistance Movement 8. Israel, the Palestinians, and the Occupied Territories in the 1970s Part V. The High Price of Stalemate and Futile Diplomacy in the 1980s 9. Violent Confrontations in the Early 1980s 10. Futile Diplomacy in the Mid-1980s Part VI. Efforts to Break the Stalemate: From the Intifada through the Oslo Peace Process 11. The Intifada and Beyond 12. The Oslo Peace Process Epilogue: The Post-Oslo Period
Invariance results for constrained switched systems

In this paper we address invariance principles for nonlinear switched systems with otherwise arbitrary compact index set and with constrained switchings. We present an extension of LaSalle's invariance principle for these systems and derive by using detectability notions some convergence and asymptotic stability criteria. These results enable to take into account in the analysis of stability not only state-dependent constraints but also to treat the case in which the switching logic has memory, i.e., the active subsystem only can switch to a prescribed subset of subsystems.
Impairment of perception by positive and negative affect

Abstract This study examined the perceptibility of affectively charged words. It was hypothesised that the affect elicited via preattentive processing of an impinging word amplifies subsequent, attentive processing. According to this hypothesis, the affect should impair the veridical perception when the word is presented in an extremely impoverished manner and, as a consequence, attentive processing is likely to be misdirected to an irrelevant perceptual code. In Experiment 1, 52 subjects were shown an affectively positive, negative, or neutral target word (128 words in total) with an extremely diminished contrast for 100, 150, or 200msec. They then chose, from a pair of equivalently valenced words, the one presented. As predicted, choice accuracy was lower for both affectively positive and negative words than for neutral words in all the three exposure time conditions. In further support of the current analysis, Experiment 2 showed that once the stimulus contrast was increased, the accuracy was no worse .
UNAL-NLP: Combining Soft Cardinality Features for Semantic Textual Similarity, Relatedness and Entailment

This paper describes our participation in the SemEval-2014 tasks 1, 3 and 10. We used an uniform approach for addressing all the tasks using the soft cardinality for extracting features from text pairs, and machine learning for predicting the gold standards. Our submitted systems ranked among the top systems in all the task and sub-tasks in which we participated. These results confirm the results obtained in previous SemEval campaigns suggesting that the soft cardinality is a simple and useful tool for addressing a wide range of natural language processing problems.
Enzymatic Properties of the Neuraminidase of Seasonal H1N1 Influenza Viruses Provide Insights for the Emergence of Natural Resistance to Oseltamivir

Surveillance of the antiviral susceptibility of influenza viruses in Europe revealed the emergence of influenza A(H1N1) viruses naturally resistant to the anti-neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir (Tamiflu) [1]. Currently, resistant viruses are most prevalent in Europe (25%) but less prevalent in the Americas (16%) or the Western Pacific region (4%) [2]. In Europe, the prevalence varies between countries, with highest levels in Norway (66.5%) and France (46.6%) [3]. These frequencies are in sharp contrast with those observed for H1N1 viruses during previous seasons (0 to <1%) [4]–[8].
Exactly solvable small-world network

We present an exact description of a crossover between two different regimes of simple small-world networks. Each of the sites chosen with a probability p from n sites of an ordered system defined on a circle is connected to all other sites selected in such a way. Every link is of a unit length. While p changes from 0 to 1, an averaged shortest distance between a pair of sites changes from ~ n to = 1. We find the distribution of the shortest distances P(l) and obtain a scaling form of (p,n). In spite of the simplicity of the models under consideration, the results are close to those obtained numerically for usual small-world networks.
Recovery of Rowing Sprint Performance after High Intensity Strength Training

This study evaluated the impact of a high-intensity strength training session on rowing sprint performance. Ten male club rowers performed a baseline counter-movement jump (CMJ) and a 250 m rowing ergometer sprint (250 m). Twenty-four hours after baseline, participants performed a high-intensity strength training session (ST) consisting of multi-joint barbell exercises. At 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post-ST, CMJ and 250 m were repeated alongside assessment of plasma creatine kinase (CK) and perceived muscle soreness. At 24 h post-ST 250 m performance decreased significantly (90% CI: 0.3 – 0.7 s), but returned to pre-test values at 48 h. There was a significant decrease in CMJ height at 48 h post ST (90% CI: −0.7 – −4.1 cm). Perceived muscle soreness was significantly greater than baseline at all assessed time points following ST (p < 0.05). There was a significant increase in CK from baseline to 24 h (90% CI: 146 – 390 U/L). High-intensity strength training was observed to adversely affect 250 m rowing ergometer performance after 24 h and coincided with transient muscle damage.
Chronology of labyrinthitis ossificans induced by streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis

Objective: Labyrinthitis ossificans consists of novel osteogenesis that fills the normally patent cochlear and vestibular lumen as an end‐stage sequelae to various pathologies. This study was designed to establish the sequence of events and chronology of the osteoneogenesis and calcification. Study Design: A prospective randomized double‐blind study. Methods: By using serial application of different colored fluorochromes, which deposit in newly forming bone, the timing of bone deposition and bone remodeling can be established. Labyrinthitis ossificans was induced in she groups (n = 5) of gerbils by an intrathecal injection of live Streptococcus pneumoniae. Group 1 received no fluorochrome labels, group 2 received one label, group 3 received three labels, and groups 4, 5, and 6 received four labels. The temporal bones were harvested after 2 weeks (group 1), 1 month (group 2), 3 months (group 3), 4 months (group 4), 6 months (group 5), and 12 months (group 6). Results: Sixteen of the 25 animals that received labels developed ossification, demonstrated with fluorescent microscopy. In the animals that developed labyrinthitis ossificans, newly formed disorganized bone began calcifying as early as 3 weeks (label 1) after S pneumoniae injection. Osteoneogenesis continued as evidenced by the presence of the other labels when first applied at 6 weeks (label 2), and 10 weeks (label 3). Ossification, calcification, and remodeling proceeded through a 12‐month course, wherein a reduction of labels was present at 6 months and total disappearance by 12 months. Conclusions: The use of fluorescent stains in this animal model provides a means to establish a timeline of the ossification seen in labyrinthitis ossificans. Key Words: Ossified cochlea, labyrinthitis, deafness, cochlear implant, meningitis.
Post-traumatic Stress Reactions in Children after two large Earthquakes in Iceland

Bödvarsdóttir, Í. , Elklit, A. & Gudmundsdottir, D.B. Post-traumatic Stress Reactions in Children after two large Earthquakes in Iceland. Nordic Psychology, 58, 91–107. The aim of the study was to explore the psychological consequences of two earthquakes in Iceland in two probability samples of children aged 10–15 years (67 exposed and 73 non- exposed). Three months after the earthquakes, children answered demographic questions, stressor questions, and completed the Child Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index (CPTS-RI), the Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC) and the Crisis Support Scale (CSS). Thirty-three percent of the exposed group and 6% of the control group fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Experiences of great horror during the earthquake and thoughts about future earthquakes explained 49% of the variance in PTSD. Wish for relocation, arousal, and avoidance symptoms predicted psychological distress, as measured by the TSC total score, explaining 65% of the variance. The exposed children reported more emotional support than controls immediately after the earthquake, but not at three months post earthquake. Exposed children who did not receive crisis intervention but reported that they would have wanted it had significantly more PTSD symptoms than all other groups, suggesting that all exposed children should be offered crisis intervention and receive continuous attention from adults even after a moderate disaster. Key words: Earthquake, posttraumatic stress disorder, psychological symptoms, social support.
Social stressors at work, irritation, and depressive symptoms: Accounting for unmeasured third variables in a multi‐wave study

This article investigates the relationship between social stressors, comprising conflicts with co-workers and supervisors and social animosities at work, irritation and depressive symptoms. It is argued that only a few mediation hypotheses have been investigated in organizational stress research. In the present study it was hypothesized that irritation mediates the effect of social stressors on depressive symptoms. This hypothesis was tested using four waves of a six-wave longitudinal study based on a representative sample (N =313) of the residents of Dresden, Germany. The advantages of longitudinal designs were comprehensively used including the testing of different time lags, the testing of reversed causation, and modelling of unmeasured third variables that may have spuriously created the pattern of observed relationships. Structural equation modelling provided evidence for the proposed mediation mechanism and suggests that time lags of at least 2 years are required to demonstrate the effects.
The effects of type of encoding and strength of discounting appeal on the success of ignoring an invalid testimony

Individuals appear to be more successful in discounting invalid evidence in studies which are set in courtroom settings than in studies done in the belief perseverance paradigm. Several differences between the two paradigms may explain this pattern. Most of these differences are ruled out by past research. We focused on differences in two domains, namely, encoding of the information and strength of the discounting appeals, and manipulated them experimentally. Even though the two manipulations were effective in influencing other judgments, they had no effect on success of discounting with guilt judgments. As in previous studies done within the courtroom paradigm, subjects were successful in discounting invalid evidence. Our interpretation for these findings involves the active process of discounting. Specifically, we assume that court settings activate a schema that leads people to deliberately correct for potential biases on the relevant guilt judgments. Since other judgments are less central within the court schema, they are not monitored actively and consequently are more susceptible to the effects of an invalid testimony.
Place, Nature and Migration: Students' Attachment to their Rural Home Places

Mobility and migration are central aspect of modern society and challenges rural areas both structurally and culturally and young people, in particular, are described as globally oriented and detached from tradition. Instead of arguing that places have less importance in modern society, the paper discusses how people's attachment to place must be considered as a multidimensional, dynamic and context related phenomenon by using regional university students' stories about their relationship to home place in rural as the empirical point of departure. In addition, migration does not imply local detachment. In their stories, geographical background is in different ways associated with gender, kinship, class and life style. The meaning they ascribe to their home place and how they describe their relationship to their home place can be considered as part of their formation and management of identity.
Landfill Leachate Toxicity Removal in Combined Treatment with Municipal Wastewater

Combined treatment of landfill leachate and municipal wastewater was performed in order to investigate the changes of leachate toxicity during biological treatment. Three laboratory A2O lab-scale reactors were operating under the same parameters (Q-8.5–10 L/d; HRT-1.4–1.6 d; MLSS 1.6–2.5 g/L) except for the influent characteristic and load. The influent of reactor I consisted of municipal wastewater amended with leachate from postclosure landfill; influent of reactor II consisted of leachate collected from transient landfill and municipal wastewater; reactor III served as a control and its influent consisted of municipal wastewater only. Toxicity of raw and treated wastewater was determinted by four acute toxicity tests with Daphnia magna, Thamnocephalus platyurus, Vibrio fischeri, and Raphidocelis subcapitata. Landfill leachate increased initial toxicity of wastewater. During biological treatment, significant decline of acute toxicity was observed, but still mixture of leachate and wastewater was harmful to all tested organisms.
High-Level Synthesis for FPGAs: From Prototyping to Deployment

Escalating system-on-chip design complexity is pushing the design community to raise the level of abstraction beyond register transfer level. Despite the unsuccessful adoptions of early generations of commercial high-level synthesis (HLS) systems, we believe that the tipping point for transitioning to HLS msystem-on-chip design complexityethodology is happening now, especially for field-programmable gate array (FPGA) designs. The latest generation of HLS tools has made significant progress in providing wide language coverage and robust compilation technology, platform-based modeling, advancement in core HLS algorithms, and a domain-specific approach. In this paper, we use AutoESL's AutoPilot HLS tool coupled with domain-specific system-level implementation platforms developed by Xilinx as an example to demonstrate the effectiveness of state-of-art C-to-FPGA synthesis solutions targeting multiple application domains. Complex industrial designs targeting Xilinx FPGAs are also presented as case studies, including comparison of HLS solutions versus optimized manual designs. In particular, the experiment on a sphere decoder shows that the HLS solution can achieve an 11-31% reduction in FPGA resource usage with improved design productivity compared to hand-coded design.