Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Firings of Carnivorous Aquatic Utricularia Traps: Temporal Patterns and Mechanical Oscillations

Aquatic species of Utricularia are carnivorous plants living in environments poor in nutrients. Their trapping mechanism has fascinated generations of scientists and is still debated today. It was reported recently that Utricularia traps can fire spontaneously. We show here that these spontaneous firings follow an unexpected diversity of temporal patterns, from “metronomic” traps which fire at fixed time intervals to “random” patterns, displaying more scattered firing times. Some “bursting” traps even combine both aspects, with groups of fast regular firings separated by a variable amount of time. We propose a physical model to understand these very particular behaviors, showing that a trap of Utricularia accomplishes mechanical oscillations, based on continuous pumping and sudden opening of the trap door (buckling). We isolate the key parameters governing these oscillations and discuss the effect of their fluctuations.
Use of an intravascular T1 contrast agent to improve MR cine myocardial‐blood pool definition in man

The feasibility of improving myocardial/blood pool contrast in MR cine images through use of an intravascular contrast agent (Ferumoxtran, Advanced Magnetics, Inc., Cambridge, MA) was tested in four subjects. The contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) demonstrated a trend toward improvement in the short axis and improved significantly in the long axis cine by an average of 128% (P < .05). Image intensity gradients at the myocardial/blood pool interface increased significantly in both the short and long axis (P < .01). It is expected that larger image intensity gradients at the endocardial border should improve the capabilities of automated segmentation algorithms, reducing the uncertainty and need for manual editing.
A dissipative anisotropic fluid model for non-colloidal particle dispersions

This article examines a reduced form of the ‘purely dissipative’ model proposed several years ago as a general continuum model for the rheology of non-colloidal particle dispersions, ranging from Stokesian suspensions to non-cohesive granular media. Essential to the model is a positive-definite viscosity tensor $\boldsymbol{\eta}$, depending on the history of deformation and providing a crucial restriction on related models for anisotropic fluids and suspensions. In the present treatment, $\boldsymbol{\eta}$ is assumed to be as an isotropic function of a history-dependent second-rank ‘texture’ or ‘fabric’ tensor ${\textsfbi A}$. A formula for $\boldsymbol{\eta}({\textsfbi A})$ borrowed from the analogous theory of linear elasticity, and its subsequent expansion for weak anisotropy provides an explicit expression for the stress tensor in terms of fabric, strain-rate and eight material constants. Detailed consideration is given to the special case of Stokesian suspensions, which represent an intriguing subset of memory materials without characteristic time. For this idealized fluid one finds linear dependence of all stresses, including viscometric normal stress, on present deformation rate, with the provision for an arbitrary fabric evolution (‘thixotropy’) in unsteady deformations. As a concrete example, a co-rotational memory integral is adopted for ${\textsfbi A}$ in terms of strain-rate history, and a memory kernel with two-mode exponential relaxation gives close agreement with the rather sparse experimental data on transient shear experiments. In the proposed model, an extremely rapid mode of relaxation is required to mimic the incomplete reversal of stress observed in experiments involving abrupt reversal of steady shearing, supporting the conclusion of others that non-hydrodynamic effects, with breaking of Stokesian symmetry, may be implicated in such experiments. Qualitative comparisons are made to a closely related model, derived from a micro-mechanical analysis of Stokesian suspensions, but also involving non-Stokesian effects. The present analysis may point the way to improved micro-mechanical analysis and to further experiments. Possible extensions of the model to the viscoplasticity of dry and liquid-saturated granular media also are discussed briefly.
Diffusion and drift of cosmic rays in highly turbulent magnetic fields

We determine numerically the parallel, perpendicular and antisymmetric diffusion coefficients for charged particles propagating in highly turbulent magnetic fields, by means of extensive Monte Carlo simulations. We propose simple expressions, given in terms of a small set of fitting parameters, to account for the diffusion coefficients as functions of magnetic rigidity and turbulence level, and corresponding to different kinds of turbulence spectra. The results obtained satisfy scaling relations, which make them useful for describing the cosmic ray origin and transport in a variety of different astrophysical environments.
The antiemetic effect of midazolam or/and ondansetron added to intravenous patient controlled analgesia in patients of pelviscopic surgery

Background We made a comparative study on the antiemetic effect of midazolam and ondansetron added to intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) using fentanyl with gynecologic patients undergoing pelviscopic surgery. Methods The PCA using 20 µg/kg of fentanyl was started in all groups postoperatively. A dose of 16 mg of ondansetron was added to the PCA of group O (n = 30). A dose of 5 mg of midazolam was added to the PCA of group M (n = 30). While 16 mg of ondansetron and 5 mg of midazolam were added to the PCA of group MO (n = 30). Total volume of the PCA was 60 ml, and the PCA system was programmed to deliver 0.5 ml/h of continuous doses and a 0.5 ml bolus on demand, with a 15 minutes lockout interval. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), sedation score, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and rescue drug dose for PONV were investigated at the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), 6 hours, and 24 hours after recovery. Results The incidence of PONV in group MO was significantly lower than in group O at PACU, 24 hours after recovery (P < 0.05). The sedation score and VAS pain score showed no differences among all groups. Conclusions Midazolam added to PCA using fentanyl proved more effective than ondansetron in preventing PONV without adverse effects.
“We Who Are Dark . . .:” The Black Community According to Black Adults in America: An Exploratory Content Analysis

The author explored the meaning of the Black community according to a purposeful sample of 60 Black adults in the mid-Atlantic United States. Purposeful stratified sampling resulted in equal numbers of participants along the lines of locale (Brooklyn, New York; Wilmington, Delaware; and Washington, D.C.), gender, and generational affiliation (older adults, middle-aged adults, and young adults). Content analysis of responses to a single open-ended survey question resulted in 11 emergent themes around the meaning of the Black community: the Black community as cultural, the Black community as residential, the Black community as global, the Black community as supportive, the Black community as visibly distinctive, the Black community as socioeconomic, the Black community as nonactualized, the Black community as nondifferential, the Black community as nihilistic, the Black community as nondefinable, and the Black community as other. Gender and generational variations in thematic endorsement were analyzed, and implications of these findings as they pertain to research, mental health programs, and policies for Blacks are discussed.
Masked translation priming with semantic categorization: Testing the Sense Model ∗

Four experiments are reported which were designed to test hypotheses concerning the asymmetry of masked translation priming. Experiment 1 confirmed the presence of L2–L1 priming with a semantic categorization task and demonstrated that this effect was restricted to exemplars. Experiment 2 showed that the translation priming effect was not due to response congruence. Experiment 3 replicated this finding, and demonstrated that the 150 ms backward mask that had been used in earlier translation priming experiments was not essential. Finally, it was demonstrated in Experiment 4 that L2–L1 priming was not obtained for an ad hoc category, indicating that priming was not obtained merely because the task required semantic interpretation. These results provide further support for the Sense Model proposed by Finkbeiner et al. (2004).
Detecting correlated columns in relational databases with mixed data types

In a database, besides known dependencies among columns (e.g., foreign key and primary key constraints), there are many other correlations unknown to the database users. Extraction of such hidden correlations is known to be useful for various tasks in database optimization and data analytics. However, the task is challenging due to the lack of measures to quantify column correlations. Correlations may exist among columns of different data types and value domains, which makes techniques based on value matching inapplicable. Besides, a column may have multiple semantics, which does not allow disjoint partitioning of columns. Finally, from a computational perspective, one has to consider a huge search space that grows exponentially with the number of columns. In this paper, we present a novel method for detecting column correlations (DeCoRel). It aims at discovering overlapping groups of correlated columns with mixed data types in relational databases. To handle the heterogeneity of data types, we propose a new correlation measure that combines the good features of Shannon entropy and cumulative entropy. To address the huge search space, we introduce an efficient algorithm for the column grouping. Compared to state of the art techniques, we show our method to be more general than one of the most recent approaches in the database literature. Experiments reveal that our method achieves both higher quality and better scalability than existing techniques.
Vintage-Differentiated Environmental Regulation

Vintage-differentiated regulation (VDR) is a common feature of many environmental and other regulatory policies in the United States. Under VDR, standards for regulated units are fixed in terms of the units’ respective dates of entry, or “vintage,” with later entrants facing more stringent regulation. In the most common application, often referred to as “grandfathering,” units produced prior to a specific date are exempted from new regulation or face less stringent requirements. The vintage-differentiated approach has long appealed to many participants in the policy community, for reasons associated with efficiency, equity, and simple politics. First, it is frequently more cost-effective—in the short-term—to introduce new pollutionabatement technologies at the time that new plants are constructed than to retrofit older facilities with such technologies. Second, it seems more fair to avoid changing the rules of the game in mid-stream, and hence to apply new standards only to new plants. Third, political pressures tend to favor easily-identified existing facilities rather than undefined potential facilities. On the other hand, VDRs can be expected—on the basis of standard investment theory—to retard turnover in the capital stock (of durable plants and equipment), and thereby to reduce the cost-effectiveness of regulation in the long-term, compared with equivalent undifferentiated regulations.1 A further irony is that, when this slower turnover results in delayed adoption of new, cleaner technology, VDR can result in higher levels of pollutant emissions than would occur in the absence of regulation. In this Article, I survey previous applications and synthesize current thinking regarding VDRs in the environmental realm, and develop lessons for public policy and for future research. In Part 2, I describe the ubiquitous nature of VDRs in U.S. regulatory policy, and examine the reasons why VDRs are so common. In Part 3, I establish a theoretical framework for analysis of the cost-effectiveness of alternative types of environmental policy instruments to provide a context for the analysis of VDRs. In Part 4, I focus on the effects of VDRs, and describe a general theory of the impacts of these instruments in terms of their effects on technology adoption, capital turnover, pollution abatement costs, and environmental performance. In Parts 5 and 6, I examine empirical analyses of the impacts of VDRs in two significant sectors: Part 5 focuses on the effects of VDRs in the U.S. auto industry, and Part 6 on the effects of new source review, which is a form of VDR, in power generation and other sectors. In Part 7, I examine implications for policy and research, and recommend avenues for improvements in both.
The Decline of Traditional Banking: Implications for Financial Stability and Regulatory Policy

This paper outlines the fundamental economic forces that have led to the decline in traditional banking, that is the process of making loans and funding them by issuing short-dated deposits. The declining competitiveness of traditional banking may threaten financial stability by increasing bank failures and by increasing the incentives for banks to take on more risk, either by making more risky loans or by engaging in 'nontraditional' financial activities that promise higher returns but greater risk. This paper argues that most nontraditional activities, such as banks acting as derivatives dealers, expose banks to risks and moral hazard problems that are similar to those associated with banks' traditional activities, and that these activities can be regulated as effectively as can traditional activities. One regulatory approach to maintain financial stability and strengthen the banking system is to adopt a system of structured bank capital requirements with early corrective action by regulators. An important element in this approach is that market- value accounting principles would be applied to banks and there would be increased public disclosure by banks of the risks associated with their trading activities. With this regulatory structure in place, banks could be permitted greater freedom to expand into nontraditional activities.
Breaching or Building Social Boundaries?

Computer-mediated communication (CMC) is sometimes heralded for its power to break down social boundaries and to liberate individuals from social influence, group pressure, and status and power differentials that characterize much face-to-face interaction. We review research conducted within the framework of the social identity model of deindividuation effects (SIDE) demonstrating that this is not always the case. When communicators share a common social identity, they appear to be more susceptible to group influence, social attraction, stereotyping, gender typing, and discrimination in anonymous CMC. Although CMC gives us the opportunity to traverse social boundaries, paradoxically, it can also afford these boundaries greater power, especially when they define self- and group identity.
Inferring sparse Gaussian graphical models with latent structure

Our concern is selecting the concentration matrix's nonzero coefficients for a sparse Gaussian graphical model in a high-dimensional setting. This corresponds to estimating the graph of conditional dependencies between the variables. We describe a novel framework taking into account a latent structure on the concentration matrix. This latent structure is used to drive a penalty matrix and thus to recover a graphical model with a constrained topology. Our method uses an $\ell_1$ penalized likelihood criterion. Inference of the graph of conditional dependencies between the variates and of the hidden variables is performed simultaneously in an iterative EM-like algorithm named SIMoNe (Statistical Inference for Modular Networks). Performances are illustrated on synthetic as well as real data, the latter concerning breast cancer. For gene regulation networks, our method can provide a useful insight both on the mutual influence existing between genes, and on the modules existing in the network.
[Two models of thromboprophylaxis in acutely ill medical inpatients].

INTRODUCTION The risk of venous thromboembolism is equally high in medical patients admitted to the hospital and those treated in the surgery wards. Elderly people, who are immobilized due to heart failure, severe respiratory disease, ischemic stroke and cancer, represent patients at high risk of venous thrombosis. Current recommendations concerning antithrombotic prophylaxis do not specify the duration of prophylaxis in patients treated in the internal wards. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two models of thromboprophylaxis with nadroparin in medical inpatients hospitalized for acute illnesses. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 300 consecutive medical patients (155 M, 145 F, mean age, 67.8 +/- 4 years) were randomly assigned in an open-label study to two groups (1:1). Patients received thromboprophylaxis with nadroparin s.c. only during bed immobilization (the first group) or for 10 additional days (the second group). The follow-up lasted for three months after the end of thromboprophylaxis. Proximal deep veins thrombosis of lower limbs and death were considered as endpoints. Adverse effects of thromboprophylaxis were assessed, especially major bleedings and thrombocytopenia. RESULTS Both groups did not differ with regard to demographic characteristics or thrombotic risk factors. During a further 3-month follow-up of all the 300 patients, death of unknown causes or deep-vein thrombosis were found in 17 (5.6%) patients, including 2 patients who suddenly died. No such events were observed during the thromboprophylaxis period. In medical patients receiving thromboprophylaxis for a longer period of time than the immobilization there was a tendency to lower occurrence of death and deep-vein thrombosis within the first months following hospitalization (12 vs. 5; p = 0.08). There were no major bleedings or thrombocytopenia in both groups during thromboprophylaxis and the subsequent follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The study confirmed the effectiveness and safety of thromboprophylaxis with nadroparin in acutely ill medical inpatients, suggesting additional benefits from prolonged use of low molecular weight heparins observed during the first months after hospitalization.
ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: ITS NATURE AND ANTECEDENTS

It is argued here that a category of performance called citizenship behavior is important in organizations and not easily explained by the same incentives that induce entry, conformity to contractual role prescriptions, or high production A study of 422 employees and their supervisors from 58 departments of two banks sought to elaborate on the nature and predictors of citizenship behavior Results suggest that citizenship behavior includes at least two separate dimensions Altruism, or helping specific persons, and Generalized Compliance, a more impersonal form of conscientious citizenship Job satisfaction, as a measure of chronic mood state, showed a direct predictive path to Altruism but not Generalized Compliance Rural background had direct effects on both dimensions of citizenship behavior The predictive power of other variables (e g , leader supportiveness as assessed independently by co-workers, personality measures) varied across the two dimensions of citizenship behavior
The State of Research Methods in Personal Selling and Sales Management Literature

This study examines the state of research methods in the personal selling and sales management (SALES) literature and assesses the trends and changes in these methods that have taken place in recent decades. The authors examine the research methods described by 1,346 sales articles published in 15 prominent journals over a 29-year period (1980–2008). They compare articles published in Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management with the aggregate of sales articles published in other journals as well as with articles published in Industrial Marketing Management to reveal any common trends or differences. The results indicate some important shifts in the use of research methods in SALES literature as well as significant differences in the research methods published across different research outlets. This paper outlines the implications of the findings and offers suggestions for how the discipline might improve its use of various research tools.
Validity and Reliability of the Hexoskin Wearable Biometric Vest During Maximal Aerobic Power Testing in Elite Cyclists

Abstract Elliot, CA, Hamlin, MJ, and Lizamore, CA. Validity and reliability of the Hexoskin wearable biometric vest during maximal aerobic power testing in elite cyclists. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1437–1444, 2019—The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Hexoskin vest for measuring respiration and heart rate (HR) in elite cyclists during a progressive test to exhaustion. Ten male elite cyclists (age 18–52 yrs, height 179.3 ± 6.0 cm, body mass 73.2 ± 9.1 kg, VO2max 60.7 ± 7.8 ml·kg·min−1, mean ± SD) conducted a maximal aerobic cycle ergometer test using a ramped protocol (starting at 100 W with 25 W increments each min to failure) during 2 separate occasions over a 3–4-day period. Compared with the criterion measure (MetaMax 3B) the Hexoskin vest showed mainly small typical errors (1.3–6.2%) for HR and breathing frequency (f), but larger typical errors (9.5–19.6%) for minute ventilation (VE) during the progressive test to exhaustion. The typical error indicating the reliability of the Hexoskin vest at moderate-intensity exercise between tests was small for HR (2.6–2.9%) and f (2.5–3.2%) but slightly larger for VE (5.3–7.9%). We conclude that the Hexoskin vest is sufficiently valid and reliable for measurements of HR and f in elite athletes during high-intensity cycling but the calculated VE value by the Hexoskin vest produced during such exercise should be used with caution because of the lower validity and reliability of this variable.
TEACHING NOTES: REFRAMING MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION: TEACHING WHITE PRIVILEGE IN THE SOCIAL WORK CURRICULUM

This article proposes a model of teaching diversity in social work education that includes significant content on White privilege. The authors first discuss some limitations of social work's current multicultural framework. Next, they introduce concepts and pedagogical strategies concerning White identity and privilege that are drawn from multicultural teacher training programs. Based on this literature, the authors argue that teaching about White privilege is fundamental to understanding the systematic oppression of people of color and raising self-awareness about social workers' roles and responsibilities with culturally diverse clientele. Concrete suggestions are offered for infusing this material across the curriculum and grappling with student resistance.
Predicting teacher burnout over time: Effects of work stress, social support, and self-doubts on burnout and its consequences

This longitudinal study examined antecedents and consequences of psychological burnout among 362 teachers and school administrators. Antecedents included red tape, disruptive students and lack of supervisor support. Consequences of burnout included heart symptoms and depressive mood. Respondents completed questionnaires sent to them at their schools at two points in time, one year apart. LISREL analyses indicated that the predictors had significant relationships with burnout levels one year later, and that burnout served as a mediator between the predictors and emotional and physical health outcomes.