Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic photopatterning of cells in situ by Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium ortho-vanadate laser

Abstract. Cellular micropattering has been increasingly adopted in quantitative biological experiments. A Q-switched pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium ortho-vanadate (Nd∶YVO4) laser directed in-situ microfabrication technique for cell patterning is presented. A platform is designed uniquely to achieve laser ablation. The platform is comprised of thin gold coating over a glass surface that functions as a thermal transducer and is over-layered by a cell repellant polymer layer. Micropatterns are engraved on the platform, subsequently exposing specific cell adhesive micro-domains by ablating the gold-polymer coating photothermally. Experimental results indicate that the proposed approach is applicable under culture conditions, viable toward cells, and has a higher engraving speed. Possible uses in arraying isolated single cells on the platform are also shown. Additionally, based on those micro-patterns, dynamic cellular morphological changes and migrational speed in response to geometrical barriers are studied to demonstrate the potential applications of the proposed approach. Our results further demonstrate that cells in narrower geometry had elongated shapes and higher migrational speed than those in wider geometry. Importantly, the proposed approach will provide a valuable reference for efforts to study single cell dynamics and cellular migration related processes for areas such as cell division, wound healing, and cancer invasion.
Phosphorothioate-Modified Oligodeoxynucleotides Inhibit Human Cytomegalovirus Replication by Blocking Virus Entry

ABSTRACT Studies in animal models have provided evidence that Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonists, such as synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) that contain immunostimulatory deoxycytidyl-deoxyguanosine (CpG) motifs (CpG ODNs), protect against a wide range of viral pathogens. This antiviral activity has been suggested to be indirect and secondary to CpG-induced cytokines and inflammatory responses triggered through TLR9 activation. However, few studies have addressed the potential of CpG ODNs as direct antiviral agents. Here, we report on the ability of some CpG ODNs to directly suppress, almost completely, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication in both primary fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Murine CMV replication was inhibited as well, whereas no inhibition was observed for herpes simplex virus type 1, adenovirus, or vesicular stomatitis virus. The antiviral activity of these ODNs was significantly reduced when they were added after virus adsorption, indicating that their action may be primarily targeted to the very early phases of the HCMV cycle. In fact, the B-class prototype CpG ODN 2006 effectively prevented the nuclear localization of pp65 and input viral DNA, which suggests that it inhibits HCMV entry. Moreover, a CpG 2006 control, ODN 2137 without CpG motifs, also showed a potent inhibitory activity on the HCMV entry phase, indicating that the anticytomegaloviral activity is independent of the CpG motif. In contrast, a phosphodiester version of CpG 2006 showed reduced antiviral activity, indicating that the inhibitory activity is dependent on the phosphorothioate backbone of the ODN. These results suggest that this yet-unrecognized activity of CpG ODNs may be of interest in the development of novel anticytomegaloviral molecules.
The Cre Recombinase Cleaves the lox Site in trans *

The Cre protein is a conservative site-specific recombinase that is encoded by bacteriophage P1. Its function in vivo is to resolve dimeric lysogenic P1 plasmids that arise by general recombination. In this way Cre facilitates effective partition of the P1 prophage. Cre is a member of the integrase family of conservative site-specific recombinases. Cleavage of the DNA by the integrases involves covalent attachment of a conserved nucleophilic tyrosine to the 3′-phosphoryl end at the site of the break. We have used in vitro complementation tests to show that the Cre protein, like the Flp protein of the 2-μm plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cleaves its target lox site in trans. Moreover, the data are compatible with two modes of cleavage; one requires the reconstitution of a pseudo full-site from half-sites and the other requires the assembly of a higher order complex that resembles a synaptic complex.
Calling the Police in Instances of Family Violence

This study examines the impact of the victim–offender relationship on the willingness of victims to call the police in family violence incidents, with particular attention to the life stages of victims. Different stages of life have an impact on the decision to report criminal victimization. Family composition and the roles of family members change over life stages. When children are young, adults in the household have child-rearing responsibilities that shape the interpersonal dynamics in the household. When children approach adulthood and parents age, the parents may become more dependent on the children in a variety of ways. These changes in family composition and organization across life stages can affect the normative and cost–benefit considerations in deciding whether to call the police or not. Yet studies of responses to family violence have virtually ignored the influence of life stage on the decision to call the police. In addition, most studies of victims of family violence focus on marital or intimate relationships and fail to examine any other relationships in the family. It is not clear whether the findings from the general literature on domestic violence are applicable to intergenerational family violence. This article examines the impact of a broader range of victim–offender relationships across three age groups representing different life stages. The authors find that the factors explaining victims’ decisions to report victimization to the police vary across life stages.
Output Feedback Stabilization of Networked Control Systems With Packet Dropouts

In this paper, we discuss the modeling and control of a class of networked control systems (NCSs) with packet dropouts. For the cases that there may be packet dropouts in both the backward and the forward channels in the communication network, and that the network-induced delays are shorter than one sampling period, the closed-loop NCS is modeled as a discrete-time switched system with four subsystems. By using the asynchronous dynamical systems approach and the average dwell-time method, sufficient conditions for the exponential stability of the closed-loop NCS are presented in terms of nonlinear matrix inequalities, and the relation between the packet dropout rate and the stability of the closed-loop NCS is explicitly established. A procedure involving an iterative algorithm is proposed to design the observer-based output feedback controllers. Lastly, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.
The Relationships Between Sleep Disturbances, Depression, Inflammatory Markers, and Sexual Trauma in Female Veterans

The purpose of this secondary data analysis was to assess for the relationships among sleep disturbances, depressive symptoms, inflammatory markers, and sexual trauma in female veterans. This may contribute to an understanding of the physical and mental health effects of sexual trauma in female veterans. Correlational analyses were conducted to evaluate the strength of these relationships. A reported history of sexual trauma was significantly correlated with longer sleep latencies, poorer sleep efficiency, shorter sleep durations, more daytime dysfunction, and poorer overall sleep quality in female veterans. A reported history of sexual trauma was also significantly correlated with depressive symptoms including anhedonia and a negative affect in female veterans. No significant correlations were noted between inflammatory markers and a reported history of sexual trauma in female veterans. Female veterans with a reported history of sexual trauma had more trouble falling and staying asleep, had more trouble functioning during daytime hours, and had total poorer sleep quality. These veterans also appeared depressed and they found normally pleasurable activities unenjoyable. Disturbed sleep and depressive symptoms may be risk factors in the development of chronic health diseases. By assessing and treating the sleep disturbances and depressive symptoms experienced by sexually traumatized female veterans, nurses may help to prevent the development of costly and deadly chronic diseases
An exact formula for general spectral correlation function of random Hermitian matrices

We have found an exact formula expressing a general correlation function containing both products and ratios of characteristic polynomials of random Hermitian matrices. The answer is given in the form of a determinant. An essential difference from the previously studied correlation functions (of products only) is the appearance of non-polynomial functions along with the orthogonal polynomials. These non-polynomial functions are the Cauchy transforms of the orthogonal polynomials. The result is valid for arbitrary ensemble of β = 2 symmetry class and generalizes recent asymptotic formulae obtained for Gaussian unitary ensemble and its chiral counterpart by different methods.
Perception of Musical Similarity Among Contemporary Thematic Materials in Two Instrumentations

Free classification was used to explore similarity relations in contemporary musical materials. Thirty-four subsections from the five themes of The Angel of Death by Roger Reynolds were composed identically for piano (Expt. 1) and chamber orchestra (Expt. 2) in terms of pitch, rhythm, and dynamics. Listeners were asked to group together those judged to be musically similar and to describe the similarities between the subsections in each group. Listeners based their classifications on surface similarities related to tempo, rhythmic and melodic texture, pitch register, melodic contour, and articulation. They were to some extent also based on similarity of the mood evoked by the excerpts. This latter factor was more prominent in the verbalizations for the orchestral version. Instrumentation, timbre, and type of timbral change (smooth, disjunctive) also affected classifications in the orchestral version. Perceptual relations among thematic materials within the piece and the interaction of form-bearing dimensions in musical similarity perception are discussed.
Tensile strength and disintegration of tableted silicified microcrystalline cellulose: influences of interparticle bonding.

The effects of some material variables (particle size and moisture content) on the tensile strength and disintegration time of tableted standard microcrystalline cellulose (MCC, Avicel) and a silicified brand (SMCC, Prosolv) were studied. Three particle size fractions were employed, after equilibration in three levels of environmental relative humidity (RH%), and the tensile strength and disintegration time were determined at different levels of total tablet porosity or packing fraction (p(f)). The MCC grade or silicification affects the moisture sorption and the packing during tapping as well as the particle deformation (yield pressure, P(y)) during tableting. There was a slight increase in the tensile strength but a marked increase in the disintegration time of Prosolv compared with Avicel in the p(f) range 0.7-0.9, which corresponds the range for pharmaceutical tablets. These increases are explained in terms of the range and magnitude of the interparticle forces developed and the interparticle separation. Despite the higher moisture content of Prosolv after equilibration compared with Avicel, compression of Prosolv results in higher P(y), in tablets of higher energy of interparticle bonding, longer interparticle separation, and extended disintegration compared with Avicel. The incorporated SiO(2) is thought to play the role of barrier or sink for the moisture sorbed, but only for RH up to 52%, which is a moisture content range less than twice that of tightly bound water. At higher RH (72%), the incorporated SiO(2) does not increase the P(y), but reduces the energy of interparticle bonding and the interparticle separation because of its probable saturation. The latter, in turn, results in more extended disintegration times due to reduced uptake of water into the tablets and to the probable reduction of water available for the deployment of the microcrystalline cellulose activity as disintegrant.
Automatically generating personalized user interfaces

User Interfaces for today's software are usually created in a one-size-fits-all manner, making implicit assumptions about the needs, abilities, and preferences of the "average user" and the characteristics of the "average device. " I argue that personalized user interfaces, which are adapted to a person's devices, tasks, preferences, and abilities, can improve user satisfaction and performance. I have developed three systems: (1) SUPPLE, which uses decision-theoretic optimization to automatically generate user interfaces adapted to a person's device and long-term usage; (2) ARNAULD, which allows optimization-based systems to be adapted to users' preferences; and (3) ABILITY MODELER and an extension of SUPPLE that first performs a one-time assessment of a person's motor abilities and then automatically generates user interfaces predicted to be the fastest to use for that user. My experiments show that these automatically generated, personalized user interfaces significantly improve speed, accuracy, and satisfaction for users with motor impairments compared to manufacturers' default interfaces. I also provide the first characterization of the design space of adaptive graphical user interfaces, and demonstrate how such interfaces can significantly improve the quality and efficiency of daily interactions for typical users.
Preventive Role of Parents in Adolescent Problematic Internet Game Use in Korea

The literature on problematic Internet game use by adolescents most often considered socialrelational factors primarily as a consequence of the addictive Internet game use. Using survey data from 593 Korean students and their parents: 295 in senior secondary school (aged 15-18) and 298 in junior secondary school (aged 12-15), of whom 315 (53.1%) were male, the authors investigated the preventive role of parent-adolescent relations in Internet game addiction. Results showed that adolescents with more adolescent-parent social activities and parentadolescent view alignment regarding games were less likely to develop problematic Internet game use. The findings suggest that parents make efforts to know the latest about their adolescents’ social currency and entertainment activities (i.e. Internet game). Also parents need to increase the variety and frequency of activities they can share with their adolescents in order to attempt to block negative effects of excessive Internet games, to prevent dependency, and to channel game playing in a positive direction.
The Effects of Demographic Differences on Forming Intragroup Relationships

Group behavior research suggests that differences among group members cause individuals to interact in ways that may enhance or weaken group performance. Dissimilarities among members may cause the development of negative attitudes about work groups, leading to dysfunctional performance. Network theorists have found that demographic factors influence individuals' tendency to form network ties within their organizations. This article bridges these findings, examining whether work group demographic differences affect a group member's tendency to form network ties with other group members or outside the work unit. In a study of 49 employees at a Midwest consulting firm, individual differences in sex and tenure predicted whether employees interacted within their work groups on advice and friendship dimensions, respectively, but did not affect the establishment of working relationships. Increased group heterogeneity tended to reduce the effect of demographic differences. Longer-service men were more likely to forge relationships within the work group than were short-term or female workers.
Attachment Theory and Concepts of God

We replicated and extended Buri and Mueller’s study, which tested whether one’s God concept is primarily self- or parent-referenced. Following their findings, we predicted that God concepts would primarily be self-referenced. However, we also predicted, in line with attachment theory, that God concepts would be influenced to some degree by attachment to mother. We found our predicted result in a sample of university students (N = 223). However, when we examined the question by gender, we found significantly different patterns. Concepts of God as Loving, Controlling, and Distant were self-referenced in women but were not so in men. In men, Loving God was predicted primarily by attachment to mother, Controlling God was referenced to attachment to both parents, and Distant God was related to a combination of viewing self as distant and experiencing parental attachment difficulties, primarily with father.
What Is Lost During Dreamless Sleep: The Relationship Between Neural Connectivity Patterns and Consciousness

Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is characterised by reduced consciousness; thus, studying its neural characteristics acts as a useful indication of what is needed for conscious experience. The integrated information theory (Tononi, 2008) states that the ability of different thalamocortical regions to interact is crucial for consciousness, thereby motivating research concerning connectivity changes in the thalamocortical system that accompany changing consciousness levels. This review aims to discuss investigations of functional connectivity of resting-state and large-scale brain networks, applying correlational approaches to neuroimaging data as well as studies that used brain stimulation to investigate effective connectivity. Most findings suggest a reorganisation of functional brain networks where inter-region connectivity is reduced and intra-region connectivity is stronger in deep sleep than wakefulness.
Reduced expression and function of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 in bones of Fgf2 null mice

Disruption of the fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF‐2) gene results in reduced bone mass in mice and impairs expression of bone morphogenic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) an important mediator of osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. Since the relationship between FGF‐2 and BMP‐2 in bone remodeling has not been fully determined, in this study we examined whether endogenous FGF‐2 was necessary for maximal effect of BMP‐2 on periosteal bone formation in vivo and bone nodule formation and osteoclast formation in vitro in Fgf2−/− mice. We showed that BMP‐2 significantly increased periosteal bone formation by 57% in Fgf2+/+ mice but the changes were not significant in Fgf2−/− littermates. In line with these results we found no significant increase in alkaline phosphatase positive (ALP) activity in calvarial osteoblasts or ALP mineralized colonies in stromal cultures from Fgf2−/− mice after BMP‐2 treatment. Moreover, BMP‐2 induced osteoclast formation was also impaired in marrow stromal cultures from Fgf2−/− mice. Interestingly, BMP‐2 induced nuclear accumulation of the runt related transcription factor (Runx2) was markedly impaired in osteoblasts from Fgf2−/− mice. Examination of the effect of loss of FGF‐2 on BMP‐2 signaling pathway showed that BMP‐2 caused a similar induction of phospho‐Smad1/5/8 within 30 min in calvarial osteoblasts from both genotypes. In contrast BMP‐2‐induced p42/44 MAPK was reduced in Fgf2−/− mice. These findings strongly demonstrated that endogenous FGF‐2 is important in the maximal responses of BMP‐2 in bone and that this may be dependent on the p42/44 MAPK signaling pathway and downstream modulation of Runx2. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 1975–1988, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation Exemplar: Exemplary Aspects of a Small Group-Randomized Local Educational Program Evaluation

This is the first examination of exemplary evaluation under a new editorial approach, in which we are attempting not only to report how the evaluation was conducted and to explain the rationale for design and implementation but also to examine the conditions, events, or actions that might have contributed to its exemplary status. Furthermore, we seek to develop entries for this section of American Journal of Evaluation (AJE) through the use of a collaborative, dialogic process between editor and evaluator. To pilot test this approach, we thought it best to try it out first on ourselves. We therefore have selected as our first case a recent award-winning evaluation conducted by Paul Brandon, Brian Lawton, and Val Krohn-Ching. Presented here is an evaluation of the ARTS FIRST Windward Research Project (AFWRP). AFWRP was a joint 3-year project (plus a 1-year extension) of the Hawai‘i Arts Alliance, a nonprofit arts–education and arts–support organization, and Curriculum Research & Development Group (CRDG) of the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. It was funded by the U.S. Department of Education’s Arts in Education Model Development and Dissemination (AEMDD) grant program. The project’s objectives were to improve elementary school students’ reading comprehension and attitudes toward school and to improve teachers’ instructional practices. The Arts Alliance was the grantee and delivered project services; CRDG was a subcontractor to the Arts Alliance and conducted the evaluation. CRDG evaluators have a 35-year history of conducting educational program evaluations funded at the local, state, and federal levels. Except for two PhD staff members (including the second author of this article), all CRDG evaluators are funded entirely by contracts and grants. The three-member evaluation team reported the study in three annual reports. The third report (Brandon, Lawton, & Krohn-Ching, 2007) is the focus of this article. Brandon was the principal investigator of the evaluation. He has 33 years of evaluation experience, beginning as a graduate
Planned Happenstance Skills and Occupational Identity Status in High School Students

This study investigated how the 5 components of planned happenstance skills are related to adolescents' occupational identity statuses. A canonical correlation analysis was performed with a sample of 370 high school students in South Korea. The results indicated that higher identity statuses (i.e., achievement and moratorium statuses) were significantly related to the 5 components of planned happenstance skills, whereas lower identity statuses (i.e., foreclosure and diffusion statuses) were not significantly related to the 5 components of planned happenstance skills. In addition, the results of the mediation analysis indicated that the transition from moratorium to achievement status was positively mediated by 3 components of planned happenstance skills: optimism, persistence, and risk taking.
Toward an Interdisciplinary Perspective

Researchers have yet to agree on an approach that supports how adults best learn novel motor skills in formal educational contexts. The literature fails to adequately discuss adult motor learning from the standpoint of adult education. Instead, the subject is addressed by other disciplines. This review attempts to integrate perspectives across disciplines to enhance understanding of adult motor learning. The review suggests a disciplinary disconnect but finds several potential integrations: (a) a unifying framework between representational motor learning models and reflective practice; (b) the applicability of modeling approaches to experiential frameworks; (c) the relationship between chaining, motor programs, variability of practice, and analogy learning to “doing” and “action” in experiential learning; and (d) the role of embedded motor learning approaches within situated environments. Research should continue to examine how aspects of didactic approaches affect the effectiveness of the modeling approach and how situated learning environments naturalistically use motor learning approaches.