Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are Believers Happier than Atheists? Well-being Measures in a Sample of Atheists and Believers in Puerto Rico

espanolExiste poca literatura en Puerto Rico y America Latina que trate empiricamente asuntos relacionados al bienestar psicologico de la comunidad ateista. El presente estudio tuvo como proposito analizar si existen diferencias estadisticamente significativas en los niveles de satisfaccion con la vida y florecimiento psicologico entre creyentes en Dios y ateos identificados. Con este fin, se recluto una muestra de 821 participantes (415 creyentes y 406 ateos) entre las edades de 19 y 85 anos. Los resultados evidenciaron una ligera diferencia significativa en las medias de satisfaccion con la vida y florecimiento psicologico entre los grupos, pero no lo suficientemente distante como para afirmar categoricamente que los creyentes o los ateos tienen una mejor calidad. Tanto creyentes como ateos, presentaron niveles robustos de satisfaccion con la vida y florecimiento psicologico. El estudio aporta evidencia empirica a la desmitificacion de ciertos postulados tradicionales sobre la supremacia de las creencias religiosas sobre las convicciones seculares o vice versa. Esperamos que estos hallazgos despierten la atencion social y sirvan de base para futuras investigaciones con la poblacion de no-creyentes. EnglishCurrently, not much has been written about the empirical psychological well-being of the atheist community in Puerto Rico and Latin America. The objective of the present study is to analyze if there are statistically significant differences in the levels of life satisfaction and psychological flourishing between believers in God and self-identified atheists. For this purpose, a sample of 821 participants (415 believers and 406 atheists) ranging from the ages of 19 to 85 years was selected. The results show that there is a slight average difference regarding life satisfaction and psychological flourishing between these groups; however, the difference is not substantial enough to ensure that believers in God or atheists have a better quality of life. Both believers and atheists exhibit high levels of life satisfaction and psychological flourishing. This study provides empirical evidence to demystify certain traditional assumptions about the supremacy of religious beliefs over secular convictions or vice versa. We hope that these findings create social awareness and could be used as a basis for future research concerning the population of non-believers.
The black hole mass of low redshift radiogalaxies

We make use of two empirical relations between the black hole mass and the global properties (bulge luminosity and stellar velocity dispersion) of nearby elliptical galaxies, to infer the mass of the central black hole (MBH) in low redshift radiogalaxies. Using the most recent determinations of black hole masses for inactive early type galaxies we show that the bulge luminosity and the central velocity dispersion are almost equally correlated (similar scatter) with the central black-hole mass. Applying these relations to two large and homogeneous datasets of radiogalaxies we find that they host black-holes whose mass ranges between � 5×10 7 to � 6×10 9 M⊙ (average �8.9). MBH is found to be proportional to the mass of the bulge (Mbulge). The distribution of the ratio MBH/Mbulge has a mean value of 8×10 −4 and shows a scatter that is consistent with that expected from the associated errors. At variance with previous claims no significant correlation is instead found between MBH (or Mbulge) and the radio power at 5 GHz.
THE EFFECT OF ETHICAL LEADERSHIP ON VOICE BEHAVIOR: THE ROLE OF MEDIATORS ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTIFICATION AND MODERATING SELF-EFFICACY FOR VOICE

Some ethical violations that occur in both business organizations and the government in turn highlight the important role of leadership in managing ethical accountability. Ethical leadership arises as a result of various ethical violations and demands for leaders to be able to manage ethical accountability. This study explains the mechanism of influence of ethical leadership behavior on voice behavior in private sector organizations in Indonesia. This study attempts to look at the role of organizational identification as a mediator on the influence of ethical leadership on voice behavior and incorporate the effects of mediation and moderation in one model (moderated mediation model) by using self-efficacy for voice as moderating. Learning theory, social exchange, social identity, and self-efficacy were used as the foundation in this study. 230 valid responses from employees took part in this study. The results of the data analysis showed ethical leadership behavior had a positive influence on voice behavior. Furthermore, organizational identification mediates the influence of ethical leadership on voice behavior and self-efficacy for voice moderating that influence. These findings indicate that employees identified with the organization have a tendency to voice behavior, then employees with high self-efficacy for voice will be more confident in their ability to conduct voice behavior.
Automatic Construction of Conjoint Attributes and Levels from Online Customer Reviews

Conjoint analysis continues to be an area of active research due to its enormous (and often delivered) promise of improved marketing decision-making. However, despite much methodological progress, the literature has remained curiously silent on a fundamental design question: "How does one choose the attributes and levels in the first place? " In this paper, we present a method to support conjoint study design by automatically eliciting an initial set of attributes and levels from online customer reviews. While existing computer science research aims to learn attributes from reviews, our approach is uniquely motivated by the conjoint study design challenge: how to identify both attributes and their associated levels. Our proposed method has at least three advantages. First, we generate attributes and levels using the language of the consumer rather than that of designers and manufacturers. Second, the approach runs automatically. Automated analysis supports the trend towards shorter product lifecycles and rapid prototyping. Third, we support rather than supplant managerial judgment. The method is parameterized to allow survey designers to vary the number of attributes and/or levels that are generated. Managers can choose to use our method either in a stand-alone manner or as a point of departure for the surveys and focus groups used in common practice.
Detecting spurious jumps in high-frequency data ∗

We propose a technique to avoid spurious detections of jumps in highfrequency data via an explicit thresholding on available test statistics. We prove that it eliminates asymptotically all spurious detections. Monte Carlo results show that it performs also well in finite samples. In Dow Jones stocks, spurious detections represent up to 50% of the jumps detected initially. For the majority of stocks, we do not detect clustering in time of jump occurrences. During the three years of our study (20062008), we find no single cojump affecting all stocks, although on a few occasions, more than 50% of the Dow Jones constituents jump simultaneously. However, if we consider industry sectors separately, we observe a significant number of cojumps which indicates the presence of sector-level news. Finally, we relate detected jumps to macroeconomic and companyspecific news releases. Only announcements directly affecting the balance sheet such as share buybacks increase the likelihood of a jump. Fed funds rate target news have a visible but not significant impact.
How Does Learning to Read Affect Speech Perception?

Behavioral studies have demonstrated that learning to read and write affects the processing of spoken language. The present study investigates the neural mechanism underlying the emergence of such orthographic effects during speech processing. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to tease apart two competing hypotheses that consider this orthographic influence to be either a consequence of a change in the nature of the phonological representations during literacy acquisition or a consequence of online coactivation of the orthographic and phonological representations during speech processing. Participants performed an auditory lexical decision task in which the orthographic consistency of spoken words was manipulated and repetitive TMS was used to interfere with either phonological or orthographic processing by stimulating left supramarginal gyrus (SMG) or left ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOTC), respectively. The advantage for consistently spelled words was removed only when the stimulation was delivered to SMG and not to vOTC, providing strong evidence that this effect arises at a phonological, rather than an orthographic, level. We propose a possible mechanistic explanation for the role of SMG in phonological processing and how this is affected by learning to read.
Professional Development Needs and Outcomes for Education-Engaged Scientists: A Research-Based Framework

Involvement of scientists in education is essential to strengthen quality and access to US science education at the K-12 and higher levels. Yet little research evidence exists to help practitioners understand scientists' education and outreach interests, beliefs, and motivations, and the barriers that must be addressed to involve them effectively. The ReSciPE Project (Resources for Scientists in Partnership with Education) has offered professional development workshops and resources to a wide audience of working scientists who undertake individual or institutional education and outreach activities. While seeking to increase the effectiveness of these “education-engaged scientists,” the project also conducted research on scientists' involvement in education. We report findings from qualitative analysis of 30 in-depth interviews and propose a comprehensive framework for addressing scientists' needs for professional development in this domain, placing these findings in context of national needs and efforts to engage scientists in education.
Evaluating English to Arabic machine translators

Location and language have now less impact as barriers for the expansion and the spread of information around the world. Machine translators achieve such a tedious task of translation among languages in quick and reliable manners. However, if compared with human translation, issues related to semantic meanings may always arise. Different machine translators may differ in their effectiveness, and they can be evaluated either by humans or through the use of automatic methods. In this study, we attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of two popular Machine Translation (MT) systems (Google Translate and Babylon machine translation systems) to translate sentences from English to Arabic, where an automatic evaluation method called Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) is used. Our preliminary tests indicated that Google Translate system is more effective in translating English sentences into Arabic in comparison with the Babylon MT system.
Effects of Research and Internship Experiences on Engineering Task Self-Efficacy on Engineering Students Through an Intersectional Lens

High-impact academic experiences, particularly research and internship experiences, have positive impacts for engineering students on engineering task self-efficacy (ETSE), a measure of students’ perception of their ability to perform technical engineering tasks. However, underrepresented racial/ethnic minority students (URM) and women in engineering are found to have relatively lower self-perceptions across several academic and professional self-efficacy measures. Previous studies examined the impact of research and internship experiences on ETSE for students categorized by gender and URM status separately. The current study explores the impact of these experiences on ETSE for the intersection between these two identity categories. This study found that both non-URM and URM women that participated in research and internship experiences had lower ETSE scores than non-URM and URM men, respectively. However, URM women that participated in both research and internship experiences had a statistically similar ETSE score to non-URM men that had not participated in either. This study uses multiple linear regression to measure the association between engineering internships and student’s reported ETSE (effects of participating in research were not found to be significant across identities). Preliminary findings indicate that differences in ETSE between internship participants and non-participants are highest for URM women when compared to their counterparts. Consistent with the literature, this research finds that there is a greater positive effect in ETSE scores, as a result of participation in both research and internship experiences, for URM women than their majority counterparts. These preliminary results provide a foundation for further studies to causally investigate the link between academic experiences and self-efficacy levels for students who are underrepresented in engineering programs. Future implications of this work include the creation of targeted intervention efforts to increase support for all URM students’ access and participation in research and internship experiences. Additionally, this work seeks to challenge the bias towards monolithic interpretations of women and URM engineering students as separate categories and encourage intersectional perspectives when analyzing data to produce more inclusive results. Key Concepts: intersectionality, self-efficacy, engineering task self-efficacy, learning outcomes, academic pathways, inclusion, engineering experiences, research, internships
Automating Post-Editing To Improve MT Systems

Beyond manual and automated postediting, we describe an approach that takes post-editing information to automatically improve the underlying rules and lexical entries of a transfer-based Machine Translation (MT) system. This process can be divided into two main steps. In the first step, an online post-editing tool allows for easy error diagnosis and implicit error categorization. In the second step, an Automatic Rule Refiner performs error remediation, by tracking errors and suggesting repairs that are mostly lexical and morphosyntactic in nature (such as word-order or incorrect agreement in transfer rules). This approach directly improves the intelligibility of corrected MT output and, more interestingly, it generalizes over unseen data, providing improved MT output for similar sentences that have not been corrected. Hence our approach is an alternative to fully-automated Post-Editing.
Analysis of Non-Local Euclidean Medians and Its Improvement

Non-Local Euclidean Medians (NLEM) has recently been proposed and shows more effective than Non-Local Means (NLM) in removing heavy noise. In this letter, we find the inconsistency between the two dissimilarity measures in NLEM can affect its robustness, thus develop an improved version (INLEM) to compensate such an inconsistency. Further, we provide a concise convergence proof for the iterative algorithm used in both NLEM and INLEM. Finally, our experiments on synthetic and natural images show that INLEM achieves encouraging results.
FOREIGN-LANGUAGE SPEECH SYNTHESIS

This paper describes a method of concatenativespeech synthesis for producing speech in a language other than that of the database speaker. In certain applications, such as interpreted dialogues or multi-lingual e-mail, it is necessary to synthesise words that are foreign with respect to the language of the main text. In this case, rather than switch voices, we show that the use of an intermediate stage of synthesis improves the pronunciation and prosody of the output speech.
Correlation of Perfusion MRI and 18F-FDG PET Imaging Biomarkers for Monitoring Regorafenib Therapy in Experimental Colon Carcinomas with Immunohistochemical Validation

Objectives To investigate a multimodal, multiparametric perfusion MRI / 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose-(18F-FDG)-PET imaging protocol for monitoring regorafenib therapy effects on experimental colorectal adenocarcinomas in rats with immunohistochemical validation. Materials and Methods Human colorectal adenocarcinoma xenografts (HT-29) were implanted subcutaneously in n = 17 (n = 10 therapy group; n = 7 control group) female athymic nude rats (Hsd:RH-Foxn1rnu). Animals were imaged at baseline and after a one-week daily treatment protocol with regorafenib (10 mg/kg bodyweight) using a multimodal, multiparametric perfusion MRI/18F-FDG-PET imaging protocol. In perfusion MRI, quantitative parameters of plasma flow (PF, mL/100 mL/min), plasma volume (PV, %) and endothelial permeability-surface area product (PS, mL/100 mL/min) were calculated. In 18F-FDG-PET, tumor-to-background-ratio (TTB) was calculated. Perfusion MRI parameters were correlated with TTB and immunohistochemical assessments of tumor microvascular density (CD-31) and cell proliferation (Ki-67). Results Regorafenib significantly (p<0.01) suppressed PF (81.1±7.5 to 50.6±16.0 mL/100mL/min), PV (12.1±3.6 to 7.5±1.6%) and PS (13.6±3.2 to 7.9±2.3 mL/100mL/min) as well as TTB (3.4±0.6 to 1.9±1.1) between baseline and day 7. Immunohistochemistry revealed significantly (p<0.03) lower tumor microvascular density (CD-31, 7.0±2.4 vs. 16.1±5.9) and tumor cell proliferation (Ki-67, 434.0 ± 62.9 vs. 663.0 ± 98.3) in the therapy group. Perfusion MRI parameters ΔPF, ΔPV and ΔPS showed strong and significant (r = 0.67-0.78; p<0.01) correlations to the PET parameter ΔTTB and significant correlations (r = 0.57-0.67; p<0.03) to immunohistochemical Ki-67 as well as to CD-31-stainings (r = 0.49-0.55; p<0.05). Conclusions A multimodal, multiparametric perfusion MRI/PET imaging protocol allowed for non-invasive monitoring of regorafenib therapy effects on experimental colorectal adenocarcinomas in vivo with significant correlations between perfusion MRI parameters and 18F-FDG-PET validated by immunohistochemistry.
Adenoviruses Associated with Acute Diarrhea in Children in Beijing, China

Adenoviruses have been recognized as important causal pathogens of community-acquired diarrhea (CAD) among children, but their role in hospital-acquired diarrhea (HAD) is not well-understood. Hospitalized children with acute diarrhea and children who visited the outpatient department due to diarrhea were investigated from 2011 to 2012. Adenovirus was detected in stool specimens by PCR and further characterized by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. SPSS software (version 19.0) was used for statistical analyses. A total of 2233 diarrheal children were enrolled in this study; this sample was comprised of 1371 hospitalized children, including 885 with CAD (IP-CAD) and 486 with HAD, and 862 outpatients with CAD (OP-CAD). Among these 2,233 patients, adenovirus was detected in 219 cases (9.8%). The positive rates for adenovirus were significantly different between the IP-CAD (9.3%), HAD (13.8%) and OP-CAD (8.1%) cases (X2 = 11.76, p = 0.003). The positive rate of adenovirus was lower in infants under six months of age compared to the positive rates in the other age groups. Of the 219 of adenovirus positive patients, 91 (41.6%) were identified as having serotype 41. Although enteric adenovirus (group F) was the most frequently detected adenovirus among children with either CAD or HAD, the role of non-enteric adenoviruses, especially the adenovirus 31 type (19.7%), cannot be ignored in diarrheal children.
Dynamic Resource Provisioning for Energy Efficiency in Wireless Access Networks: A Survey and an Outlook

Traditionally, energy efficiency aspects have been included in the wireless access network design space only in the context of power control aimed at interference mitigation and for the increase of the terminal battery lifetime. Energy consumption of network components has also, for a long time, not been considered an issue, neither in equipment design nor in network planning and management. However, in recent years, with the user demand increasing at nearly exponential pace and margins rapidly shrinking, concerns about energy efficiency have been raised, with the objective of reducing network operational costs (not to mention the environmental issues). Installing more energy-efficient hardware does not seem to fully solve the problem, since wireless access networks are almost invariably (over)provisioned with respect to the peak user demand. This means that efficient resource management schemes, which are capable of controlling how much of the network infrastructure is actually needed and which parts can be temporarily powered off to save energy, can be extremely effective and provide quite large cost reductions. Considering that most of the energy in wireless access networks is consumed in the radio part, dynamic provisioning of wireless access network resources is crucial to achieving energy-efficient operation. The consensus on this approach in the research community has been wide in the last few years, and a large number of solutions have been proposed. In this paper, we survey the most important proposals, considering the two most common wireless access technologies, namely, cellular and WLAN. The main features of the proposed solutions are analyzed and compared, with an outlook on their applicability in typical network scenarios that also include cooperation between both access technologies. Moreover, we provide an overview of the practical implementation aspects that must be addressed to achieve truly energy-efficient wireless access networks, including current standardization work, and trends in the development of energy-efficient hardware.
The Impact of Pre-task Instruction and Task Rehearsal on Fluency, Accuracy and Complexity of Iranian EFL Learners’ Writing

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of pre-task instruction and task rehearsal, on fluency, accuracy, and complexity of Iranian EFL learners’ writing. To achieve this, Forty-five foreign language learners with little access to the l2 outside the classroom participated in this study. They were both male (44%) and female (56%). Measures of fluency, accuracy, and complexity were utilized to measure students’ writing. Data were analyzed using MANOVA and ANOVA. The results of the study revealed that pre-task instruction and task rehearsal have positive effect on the learners’ writing. The result of the study and their pedagogical implications were discussed.
A Chandra X-Ray Observation of A1991: The Late Stages of Infall?

We present results from a 38 ks Chandra X-ray observation of the z = 0.059 galaxy cluster A1991. The cluster has a bright X-ray core and a central temperature gradient that declines inward from 2.7 keV at 130 kpc to ≈1.6 keV at the cluster center. The radiative cooling time of the gas in the inner 10 kpc is about 0.5 Gyr, and it rises to 1 Gyr at a radius of 20 kpc. The cooling rate of the gas within the latter radius is ≲25 M☉ yr-1. The Chandra ACIS-S3 image shows that the intracluster medium has an asymmetric surface brightness distribution with respect to the central galaxy. Bright knots of soft X-ray emission embedded in a cometary structure are located approximately 10'' north of the optical center of the cD galaxy. Unlike the structures seen in other cooling flow clusters, the knots have no obvious association with the radio source. The structure's temperature of 0.83 keV makes it nearly 1 keV cooler than its surroundings, and its mass is 3.4 × 109 M☉. Based on its bow-shaped appearance and modest overpressure with respect to its surroundings, we interpret the structure as a cool mass concentration that is breaking apart as it travels northward through the center of the cluster.