Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vandetanib, an Inhibitor of VEGF Receptor-2 and EGF Receptor, Suppresses Tumor Development and Improves Prognosis of Liver Cancer in Mice

Purpose: VEGF, EGF, and TGF-α are expressed in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and play a role in its growth. Vandetanib, a multikinase inhibitor, suppresses the phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) and EGF receptor (EGFR). The aim of this study was to clarify the antitumor effect of vandetanib in mouse HCCs. Experimental Design: We evaluated the effects of vandetanib on proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and three hepatoma cell lines, as well as the phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 and EGFR in these cells. Mice were implanted with hepatoma cells subcutaneously or orthotopically in the liver and treated with 50 or 75 mg/kg vandetanib. We analyzed the effects of treatment on tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis, vessel density, phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 and EGFR, and production of VEGF, TGF-α, and EGF in tumor tissues. Adverse events on vandetanib administration were also investigated. Results: Vandetanib suppressed phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 in HUVECs and EGFR in hepatoma cells and inhibited cell proliferation. In tumor-bearing mice, vandetanib suppressed phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 and EGFR in tumor tissues, significantly reduced tumor vessel density, enhanced tumor cell apoptosis, suppressed tumor growth, improved survival, reduced number of intrahepatic metastases, and upregulated VEGF, TGF-α, and EGF in tumor tissues. Treatment with vandetanib was not associated with serious adverse events, including alanine aminotransferase abnormality, bone marrow suppression, or body weight loss. Conclusions: The antitumor effects of vandetanib in mice suggest that it is a potentially suitable and safe chemotherapeutic agent for HCCs. Clin Cancer Res; 18(14); 3924–33. ©2012 AACR.
Employment in India: What Does the Latest Data Show?

The 66th round National Sample Survey Organisation data (2009-10) on the employment situation paints a grim picture of a limited creation of jobs between 2004-05 and 2009-10, widespread withdrawal from the labour force (especially by women) and slow growth of employment in the non-agricultural sector. The shift to education among the youth is a positive development but does not by itself explain the decline of the labour force participation rate.
Rejections and the Importance of First Response Times

Previous studies about the academic publishing process consider the publication delay as starting from the submission to the publishing journal. This ignores the potential delay caused by rejections received from previous journals. Knowing how many times papers are submitted prior to publication is essential for evaluating the importance of different publication delays and the refereeing process cost, and can improve our decisions about if and how the review process should be altered, decisions that affect the productivity of economists and other scholars. Using numerical analysis and evidence on acceptance rates of various journals, I estimate that most manuscripts are submitted between three and six times prior to publication. This implies that the first response time (the time between submission and first editorial decision) is much more important than other parts of the publication delay, suggesting important policy implications for editors and referees.
Towards Energy Efficient MapReduce

Energy considerations are important for Internet datacenters operators, and MapReduce is a common Internet datacenter application. In this work, we use the energy efficiency of MapReduce as a new perspective for increasing Internet datacenter productivity. We offer a framework to analyze software energy efficiency in general, and MapReduce energy efficiency in particular. We characterize the performance of the Hadoop implementation of MapReduce under different workloads. We also introduce quantitative models to guide operators and developers in improving the performance of MapReduce/Hadoop. A major, but somewhat unsurprising finding is that for workloads where the work rate is proportional to the amount of resources used, improving the performance as measured by traditional metrics such as job duration is equivalent to improving the performance as measured by lower energy consumed.
The Effectiveness of Problem Posing Learning by CTL Orientation Viewed from Knowladge, Skill, and Attitude

This research aimed to describe: 1) the effectiveness of the use of Problem Posing Learning by CTL orientation, 2) the effectiveness of the use of CTL lessons viewed from knowledge, skills, and students’ attitude, and 3) to compare which one is more effective between Problem Posing Learning by CTL orientation and CTL lessons viewed from knowledge, skills, and students’ attitude. The kind of this research was quasi experiment by using pretest-posttest control group design. The population of this research was the eleventh grade students of MA NW Pancor, Lombok Timur, NTB. The sample of this research was already chosen randomly. Techniques of collecting the data were test and non-test by using research instrument of knowledge test, skills test, and students’ attitude questionnaires. One sample t-test used to test the effectiveness of learning which was already used in each variable. The result of the research showed that: 1) Problem Posing Learning by CTL orientation was effective viewed from knowledge, skills and attitude students’ attitude, 2) CTL was effective viewed from knowledge, skills, and students’ attitude, and 3) there was no effectiveness difference between Problem Posing Learning by CTL orientation and CTL lessons viewed from knowledge, skills, and students’ attitude.
Overexpression of CyclinA2 ameliorates hypoxia-impaired proliferation of cardiomyocytes

Hypoxia is a primary mediator for cell survival, and has been reported to inhibit cardiomyocyte proliferation in fetal and neonatal hearts. CyclinA2 is a key regulator of cell proliferation. Whether CyclinA2 affects cardiomyocyte proliferation in hypoxic conditions remains unexamined. This study was designed to investigate the roles of CyclinA2 expression on hypoxia-impaired cardiomyocyte proliferation. Cardiomyocytes were isolated from neonatal rats and randomly separated into six groups: Control, hypoxia, enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-Adv, EGFP-Ccna2, EGFP-Adv + hypoxia and EGFP-Ccna2 + hypoxia. The cells in the control group were cultured in a general cell incubator; the cells in the hypoxia group were placed in a hypoxic chamber for 12 h; the cells in the EGFP-Adv and EGFP-Ccna2 groups were separately transfected with EGFP-adenovirus capsids or EGFP-adenovirus capsids with CyclinA2 cDNA for 18 h, and then placed in a general incubator for an additional 12 h; the cells in the EGFP-Adv + hypoxia and EGFP-Ccna2 + hypoxia groups were separately transfected with EGFP-adenovirus capsids or EGFP-adenovirus capsids with CyclinA2 cDNA for 18 h, and then placed in a hypoxia chamber for an additional 12 h. CyclinA2 expression was measured using immunochemical staining and western blot analysis, and cardiomyocyte proliferation was measured using the cell counting kit 8. GFP fluorescence indicated a high transfection efficiency (>80%), and immunochemical staining showed that CyclinA2 was mainly distributed in the nucleus. CyclinA2 expression was downregulated following exposure to hypoxia for 12 h. Cardiomyocyte proliferation was also significantly decreased following exposure to hypoxia for 12 h. However, compared with the EGFP-Adv group, CyclinA2 expression and cardiomyocyte proliferation was markedly increased in the EGFP-Ccna2 group. Furthermore, compared with the EGFP-Adv + hypoxia group, CyclinA2 expression and cell proliferation were markedly increased in the EGFP-Ccna2 + hypoxia group. These findings indicate that CyclinA2 upregulation improves cardiomyocyte proliferation in hypoxic conditions.
Semi-supervised Multitask Learning for Sequence Labeling

We propose a sequence labeling framework with a secondary training objective, learning to predict surrounding words for every word in the dataset. This language modeling objective incentivises the system to learn general-purpose patterns of semantic and syntactic composition, which are also useful for improving accuracy on different sequence labeling tasks. The architecture was evaluated on a range of datasets, covering the tasks of error detection in learner texts, named entity recognition, chunking and POS-tagging. The novel language modeling objective provided consistent performance improvements on every benchmark, without requiring any additional annotated or unannotated data.
640$\,\times\,$512 Pixels Long-Wavelength Infrared (LWIR) Quantum-Dot Infrared Photodetector (QDIP) Imaging Focal Plane Array

Epitaxially grown self-assembled InAs-InGaAs-GaAs quantum dots (QDs) are exploited for the development of large-format long-wavelength infrared focal plane arrays (FPAs). The dot-in-a-well (DWELL) structures were experimentally shown to absorb both 45deg and normal incident light, therefore, a reflection grating structure was used to enhance the quantum efficiency. The devices exhibit peak responsivity out to 8.1 mum, with peak detectivity reaching ~1times1010 Jones at 77 K. The devices were fabricated into the first long-wavelength 640times512 pixel QD infrared photodetector imaging FPA, which has produced excellent infrared imagery with noise equivalent temperature difference of 40 mK at 60-K operating temperature
Monopolizing Sanctioning Power under Noise Eliminates Perverse Punishment But Does Not Increase Cooperation

We run several experiments which allow us to compare cooperation under perfect and imperfect information in a centralized and decentralized punishment regime. Under perfect and extremely noisy information, aggregate behavior does not differ between institutions. Under intermediate noise, punishment escalates in the decentralized peer-to-peer punishment regime which badly affects efficiency while sustaining cooperation for longer. Only decentralized punishment is often directed at cooperators (perverse punishment). We report several, sometimes subtle, differences in punishment behavior, and how contributions react.
A Simple Mathematical Model of Adaptation to High Osmolarity in Yeast

We present a simple ordinary differential equation (ODE) model of the adaptive response to an osmotic shock in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The model consists of two main components. First, a biophysical model describing how the cell volume and the turgor pressure are affected by varying extra-cellular osmolarity. The second component describes how the cell controls the biophysical system in order to keep turgor pressure, or equivalently volume, constant. This is done by adjusting the glycerol production and the glycerol outflow from the cell. The complete model consists of 4 ODEs, 3 algebraic equations and 10 parameters. The parameters are constrained from various literature sources and estimated from new and previously published absolute time series data on intra-cellular and total glycerol. The qualitative behaviour of the model has been successfully tested on data from other genetically modified strains as well as data for different input signals. Compared to a previous detailed model of osmoregulation, the main strength of our model is its lower complexity, contributing to a better understanding of osmoregulation by focusing on relationships which are obscured in the more detailed model. Besides, the low complexity makes it possible to obtain more reliable parameter estimates.
Association of psychiatric disorders and sleep apnea in a large cohort.

STUDY OBJECTIVES We conducted the present study to determine whether psychiatric disorders are commonly associated with sleep apnea in Veterans Health Administration beneficiaries. METHOD The Veterans Health Administration maintains several centralized databases containing healthcare data for more than 4 million veterans. We reviewed data from 1998 to 2001 and identified patient records having International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Edition-Clinical Modification codes indicating sleep apnea and various psychiatric conditions. Subsequently, we compared age, sex, ethnicity, and prevalence of comorbid psychiatric conditions for Veterans Health Administration beneficiaries with and without sleep apnea. RESULTS Out of 4,060,504 unique cases, 118,105 were identified as having sleep apnea (estimated prevalence of 2.91%). Mean age at the time of diagnosis was 57.6 years. Psychiatric comorbid diagnoses in the sleep apnea group included depression (21.8%), anxiety (16.7%), posttraumatic stress disorder (11.9%), psychosis (5.1), and bipolar disorders (3.3%). Compared with patients not diagnosed with sleep apnea, a significantly greater prevalence (P < .0001) was found for mood disorders, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, psychosis, and dementia in patients with sleep apnea. CONCLUSIONS Sleep apnea is associated with a higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbid conditions in Veterans Health Administration beneficiaries. This association suggests that patients with psychiatric disorders and coincident symptoms suggesting sleep-disordered breathing should be evaluated for sleep apnea.
The Obstacle Problem for Functions of Least Gradient

For a given domain $\Omega \subset \Bbb{R}^n$, we consider the variational problem of minimizing the $L^1$-norm of the gradient on $\Omega$ of a function $u$ with prescribed continuous boundary values and satisfying a continuous lower obstacle condition $u\ge \Psi$ inside $\Omega$. Under the assumption of strictly positive mean curvature of the boundary $\partial\Omega$, we show existence of a continuous solution, with H\"older exponent half of that of data and obstacle. This generalizes previous results obtained for the unconstrained and double-obstacle problems. The main new feature in the present analysis is the need to extend various maximum principles from the case of two area-minimizing sets to the case of one sub- and one superminimizing set. This we accomplish subject to a weak regularity assumption on one of the sets, sufficient to carry out the analysis. Interesting open questions include the uniqueness of solutions and a complete analysis of the regularity properties of area superminimizing sets. We provide some preliminary results in the latter direction, namely a new monotonicity principle for superminimizing sets, and the existence of ``foamy'' superminimizers in two dimensions.
The Electoral Advantage to Incumbency and Voters' Valuation of Politicians' Experience: A Regression Discontinuity Analysis of Close Elections *

Using data on elections to the United States House of Representativ es (1946 -1998), this paper exploits a quasi-experiment generated by the electoral system in order to determine if political incumbency provides an electoral advantage – an implicit first-order prediction of most principalagent theories of politician and voter behavior. Candidates who just barely won an election (barely became the incumbent) are likely to be ex ante comparable in all other ways to candidates who barely lost, and so their differential electoral outcomes in the next ele ction should represent a true incumbency advantage. The regression discontinuity analysis provides striking evidence that incumbency has a significant causal effect of raising the probability of subsequent electoral success –by about 0.40 to 0.45. Simulations – using estimates from a structural model of individual voting behavior – imply that about two-thirds of the apparent electoral success of incumbents can be attributed to voters’ valuation of politicians’ experience. The quasiexperimental analysis also suggest that heuristic “fixed effects” and “instrumental variable” modeling approaches would have led to misleading inferences in this context.
MODELING THE HYDROCHEMISTRY OF THE CANNONSVILLE WATERSHED WITH GENERALIZED WATERSHED LOADING FUNCTIONS (GWLF) 1

ABSTRACT: A previous modeling study used the Generalized Watershed Loading Functions (GWLF) model to simulate stream‐flow, and nutrient and sediment loads to Cannonsville Reservoir from the West Branch Delaware River (WBDR). We made several model revisions, calibrated key parameters, and tested the original GWLF model and a revised GWLF model using more recent data. Model revisions included: addition of unsaturated leakage between unsaturated and saturated subsurface reservoirs; revised timing of sediment export; inclusion of urban sediments and dissolved nutrients; tracking of particulate nutrients from point sources; and revised timing of septic system loads. The revision of sediment yield timing resulted in significant improvements in monthly sediment and particulate phosphorus predictions as compared to the original model. Addition of unsaturated leakage improved hydrologic predictions during low flow months. The other model changes improve realism without adding significant model complexity or data requirements. Goodness of fit of revised model predictions versus stream measurements, as measured by the Nash‐Sutcliff coefficient of model efficiency, exceeded 0.8 for streamflow‐0.7 for sediment yield and dissolved nitrogen (N) and 0.6 for particulate and dissolved phosphorus (P). The revised GWLF model, with limited calibration, provides reasonable estimates of monthly streamflow, and nutrient and sediment loads in the Cannonsville watershed.
Prejudicial and Welcoming Attitudes toward Syrian Refugees: The Roles of Cultural Humility and Moral Foundations

Debates about immigration policy have sparked increasingly negative attitudes toward refugees, particularly those of Muslim identification. Research to date has found that post-immigration prejudice and discrimination, often reinforced at a systemic level, pose an additional psychological burden to refugees. The present study explored associations between cultural humility, moral foundations, political orientation, religious commitment, and xenophobia toward Syrian refugees. Data were collected from adults (N = 996) in the United States during the 2016 presidential election cycle. Cultural humility was positively correlated with openness to immigration and moral foundations of care and fairness, and inversely related to prejudicial attitudes, perceived real and symbolic threat, and moral foundations of loyalty, authority, and purity. Over and above political identification and religiosity, cultural humility was found to be uniquely associated with more positive attitudes toward Syrian refugees. Additionally, the relationship between the moral foundations of care and fairness and positive attitudes toward refugees was mediated by cultural humility. Findings are discussed in light of the biblical mandate within Christianity to welcome foreigners and advocate for the vulnerable, while balancing compassion with wisdom. In addition to approaching psychological care with refugees through the lens of cultural humility, psychologists have a unique opportunity to advocate for this population through systems-level intervention. We discuss ways to cultivate the moral foundations of care and fairness at church and community levels, which may facilitate greater cultural humility.
Immunogenetic programs for viral induction of mucous cell metaplasia.

Mucous secretions are frequently implicated in the morbidity and mortality associated with respiratory illness and airway disease, but we still do not understand precisely how these secretions develop or how to control them. A likely possibility is that the increased mucus is a consequence of overproduction and subsequent secretion in the setting of mucous cell metaplasia. In that regard, airway inflammatory diseases are invariably characterized by excessive mucous cell metaplasia, but precisely how inflammatory stimuli might influence mucous cell levels remains uncertain. We have used mouse models of viral bronchiolitis in concert with studies of patients with hypersecretory airway disease to define the cellular and molecular mechanisms for mucous cell metaplasia. Here we review our recent work that defines upstream immune events and downstream epithelial events that drive persistent mucous cell metaplasia. To date, we now recognize that upstream events include a new immune axis for growth factor and cytokine production and downstream events that include ciliated epithelial cell survival and transdifferentiation to mucous cells as well as expression of chloride channel calcium-activated (Clca) genes. To the extent that we can monitor these events in humans, it appears that similar alterations are found in patients with asthma and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Together, the studies achieve more precise definition of just how viruses reprogram airway behavior and thereby provide a more rational basis for restoring epithelial architecture to normal.
A Fast and Accurate FFT-Based Method for Pricing Early-Exercise Options Under Levy Processes

A fast and accurate method for pricing early exercise and certain exotic options in computational finance is presented. The method is based on a quadrature technique and relies heavily on Fourier transformations. The main idea is to reformulate the well-known risk-neutral valuation formula by recognising that it is a convolution. The resulting convolution is dealt with numerically by using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). This novel pricing method, which we dub the Convolution method, CONV for short, is applicable to a wide variety of payoffs and only requires the knowledge of the characteristic function of the model. As such the method is applicable within exponentially Levy models, including the exponentially affine jump-diffusion models. For an M-times exercisable Bermudan option, the overall complexity is O(MN log(N)) with N grid points used to discretise the price of the underlying asset. It is shown how to price American options efficiently by applying Richardson extrapolation to the prices of Bermudan options.
Verification of Functional Properties of Efficacy Beliefs Altered by Enactive Means With Controls for Past

The authors address the verification of the functional properties of self-efficacy beliefs and document how self-efficacy beliefs operate in concert with goal systems within a sociocognitive theory of self-regulation in contrast to the focus of control theory on discrepancy reduction. Social cognitive theory posits proactive discrepancy production by adoption of goal challenges working in concert with reactive discrepancy reduction in realizing them. Converging evidence from diverse methodological and analytic strategies verifies that perceived self-efficacy and personal goals enhance motivation and performance attainments. The large body of evidence, as evaluated by 9 meta-analyses for the effect sizes of self-efficacy beliefs and by the vast body of research on goal setting, contradicts findings (J. B. Vancouver, C. M. Thompson, & A. A. Williams, 2001; J. B. Vancouver, C. M. Thompson, E. C. Tischner, & D. J. Putka, 2002) that belief in one’s capabilities and personal goals is self-debilitating.
Named Entity Recognition in Swedish Health Records with Character-Based Deep Bidirectional LSTMs

We propose an approach for named entity recognition in medical data, using a character-based deep bidirectional recurrent neural network. Such models can learn features and patterns based on the character sequence, and are not limited to a fixed vocabulary. This makes them very well suited for the NER task in the medical domain. Our experimental evaluation shows promising results, with a 60% improvement in F 1 score over the baseline, and our system generalizes well between different datasets.