Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Employee subjective well-being and physiological functioning: An integrative model

Research shows that worker subjective well-being influences physiological functioning—an early signal of poor health outcomes. While several theoretical perspectives provide insights on this relationship, the literature lacks an integrative framework explaining the relationship. We develop a conceptual model explaining the link between subjective well-being and physiological functioning in the context of work. Integrating positive psychology and occupational stress perspectives, our model explains the relationship between subjective well-being and physiological functioning as a result of the direct influence of subjective well-being on physiological functioning and of their common relationships with work stress and personal resources, both of which are influenced by job conditions.
Kinetochore asymmetry defines a single yeast lineage

Asymmetric cell division is of fundamental importance in biology as it allows for the establishment of separate cell lineages during the development of multicellular organisms. Although microbial systems, including the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are excellent models of asymmetric cell division, this phenotype occurs in all cell divisions; consequently, models of lineage-specific segregation patterns in these systems do not exist. Here, we report the first example of lineage-specific asymmetric division in yeast. We used fluorescent tags to show that components of the yeast kinetochore, the protein complex that anchors chromosomes to the mitotic spindle, divide asymmetrically in a single postmeiotic lineage. This phenotype is not seen in vegetatively dividing haploid or diploid cells. This kinetochore asymmetry suggests a mechanism for the selective segregation of sister centromeres to daughter cells to establish different cell lineages or fates. These results provide a mechanistic link between lineage-defining asymmetry of metazoa with unicellular eukaryotes.
An assessment of the likely impact on Ugandan households of rising global food prices

The Uganda Strategy Support Program is an initiative to strengthen evidence-based policymaking in Uganda in the areas of rural and agricultural development. Facilitated by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), USSP works closely with the government of Uganda, represented by the secretariat for the Plan for the Modernisation of Agriculture (PMA), and other development partners to provide information relevant for the design and implementation of Uganda's agricultural and rural development strategies. For more information, see The Uganda Strategy Support Program (USSP) Background Papers contain preliminary material and research results from IFPRI and/or its partners in Uganda. The papers have not been subject to a formal peer review. They are circulated in order to stimulate discussion and critical comment. The opinions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of their home institutions or supporting organizations. Sections of this material may be reproduced for personal and not-for-profit use without the express written permission of but with acknowledgment to IFPRI. To reproduce the material contained herein for profit or commercial use requires express written permission. To obtain permission, contact the Communications Division at ifpri-copyright@cgiar.org. The Uganda offices of WFP, UNICEF, and FAO commissioned the Kampala office of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) to assess the likely impact of rising world food prices on the welfare and food security of Ugandan households. This study was done in May 2008 and was based primarily upon secondary information from the Uganda Bureau of Statistics, the Uganda Revenue Authority, and the FoodNet market price information project. The study team also mounted a rapid, qualitative survey of established wholesale food traders in seven markets. Uganda is a significant producer of food within central and east Africa. Traditionally, Uganda has been the most important food exporter in the region, particularly of maize to Kenya. Wheat and rice are the main food imports, coming from global markets. However, the main sources of calories for the population come from crops that are not extensively traded – matooke (cooking banana), cassava, and sweet potato. Almost three-quarters of the consumption of these foods is from the own production of consuming households. As such, at national level, Uganda is food secure. However, over the past 20 years there has been significant localized food insecurity arising from continued political turmoil in northern Uganda linked to the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), as well as poor harvests and general insecurity …
Fast Macroblock Selection Algorithm for Multiview Video Coding Based on Inter-view Global Disparity

A fast macroblock mode selection algorithm based on inter-view global disparity is proposed to improve the encoder efficiency of JMVM, with insignificant degradation in picture quality and bit rate increase. The proposed fast mode selection algorithm promotes the encoding speed through partly searching method when encoding most of the frames in multiview video sequence. The macroblock mode of current macroblock is predicted with modes of the corresponding macroblock and its eight neighboring macroblocks. Simulation results show that the proposed fast algorithm promotes the encoding speed by 2.35~4.33 times in comparison with JMVM, while the rate distortion performance is almost maintained.
Hypoxic Tolerance Enhanced By β‐Hydroxybutyrate‐Glucagon in the Mouse

A correlation has been observed between increased blood ketones and the tolerance of mice to hypoxia (4–5% oxygen). In previous studies fasted mice, alloxan diabetic mice and mice given 1,3-butanediol were found to be ketotic and to have increased tolerance to hypoxia. We attempted to induce a similar increased hypoxic tolerance by direct elevation of blood ketones with IV and IP beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). No increase in hypoxic tolerance was obserred with BHB alone. Inasmuch as fasting and alloxan diabetes are both associated with elevated blood glucagon (G), hypoxic tolerance tests were made 30 min after G alone or a combination of G plus BHB. The mice given G alone or BHB alone had hypoxic survival times not different from saline controls. The mice given G plus BHB had increased survival times that could not be explained on the basis of a G mediated alteration in blood BHB.
Determination of the Prevalence of Helicobacter heilmannii-Like Organisms Type 2 (HHLO-2) Infection in Humans and Dogs Using Non-Invasive Genus/Species-Specific PCR in Korea

ABSTRACT Helicobacter spp. may have multiple routes of transmission. It is unclear, however, whether the agent is zoonotic and therefore transmitted from an animal reservoir, including dogs. The aim of this population-based study was to assess the relationship between pet ownership or frequent exposure to dogs and Helicobacter spp. infection, especially focusing on HHLO-2 (Helicobacter heilmannii-like organisms type 2) in saliva and feces samples in Korea, using non-invasive genus/species-specific PCR. One hundred twenty-four eligible human subjects and 39 dogs participated in this study. Relativity of contact with dogs and Helicobacter spp. infection diagnosed by genus-specific PCR showed a statistically significant result (P<0.01), but in the relativity analyses between contact with dogs and H. pylori, H. felis and H. bizzozeronii infections diagnosed using species-specific PCR, only Helicobacter felis showed a statistically significant result. Although H. pylori infection showed a statistically significant relativity, no statistically significant association was found between veterinarian subjects and Helicobacter. spp. , H. felis and H. bizzozeronii infections. On performing risk factor analyses of HHLO-2 infection by transmission, using matching species, between HHLO-2-positive dog owners and HHLO-2-positive dogs, Helicobacter felis infection showed an extremely significant relativity (P<0.0001), and Helicobacter bizzozeronii may also be a possible significant risk factor (P<0.01). These results suggest that HHLO-2 infection might be a zoonotic infection, because continuous contact with dogs was proved to be correlated with human H. felis and H. bizzozeronii infections in this study.
Knockout of CD8 Delays Reendothelialization and Accelerates Neointima Formation in Injured Arteries of Mouse via TNF-α Inhibiting the Endothelial Cells Migration

Objective Delayed or impaired reendothelialization is a major cause of stent thrombosis in the interventional treatment of coronary heart disease. T cells are involved in neointima formation of injured arteries. However, the regulated mechanism of reendothelialization and the role of CD8 T cell in reendothelialization are unclear. Methods and Results Immunofluorescence staining showed that CD8 positive cells were increased in wire injured femoral artery of mice. On day 21 after injury, elastin staining showed that knockout of CD8 (CD8−/−) significantly increased intimal thickness and a ratio of intima to media by 1.8 folds and 1.9 folds respectively in injured arteries. Evans blue staining showed that knockout of CD8 delayed the reendothelialization area on day 7 after injury (18.8±0.5% versus 42.1±5.6%, p<0.05). In vitro, a migration assay revealed that CD8−/− T cells co-cultured with WT macrophages significantly inhibited the migration of the endothelial cells (ECs); compared to CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells could promote the ECs migration. Furthermore, real-time PCR analysis showed that knockout of CD8 increased the level of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in injured arteries and cytometric bead cytokine array showed that TNF-α was elevated in cultured CD8−/− T cells. Finally, a wound-healing assay showed that recombinant TNF-α significantly inhibited the migration of ECs. Conclusion Our study suggested that CD8+ T cells could promote the reendothelialization and inhibit the neointima formation after the artery wire injury, and this effect is at least partly dependent on decreasing TNF-α production promoting ECs migration.
Restricted and repetitive behaviors in autism spectrum disorders: The relationship of attention and motor deficits

Abstract Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are hallmark symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs); however, it has proven difficult to understand the mechanisms underlying these behaviors. One hypothesis suggests that RRBs are the result of a core deficit in attention. Alternatively, abnormalities of the motor system may constitute the central mechanism underlying RRBs, given motor deficits observed in ASDs. In this experiment, we investigated the etiology of RRBs and the relationship between attention and motor deficits. Movement impairments (a) may be indirectly related to attention deficits, (b) may result from a shared compromised process, or (c) may be independent. Twenty-two adolescents with ASD and 20 typically developing participants performed a spatial attention task. Movement impairments were assessed with a rhythmic tapping task. Attentional orienting and motor control were found to be related and supported the hypothesis that these impairments in ASD arise from a shared process. In contrast, measures of attention switching and motor control were found to be independent. Stereotyped behaviors, as assessed by parental ratings, were related more to the degree of motor impairment than to deficits of attention. These results suggest that both attentional orienting deficits and stereotyped RRBs are related to a compromised motor system.
Domain motions in bacteriophage T4 lysozyme: A comparison between molecular dynamics and crystallographic data

A comparison of a series of extended molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of bacteriophage T4 lysozyme in solvent with X‐ray data is presented. Essential dynamics analyses were used to derive collective fluctuations from both the simulated trajectories and a distribution of crystallographic conformations. In both cases the main collective fluctuations describe domain motions. The protein consists of an N‐ and C‐terminal domain connected by a long helix. The analysis of the distribution of crystallographic conformations reveals that the N‐terminal helix rotates together with either of these two domains. The main domain fluctuation describes a closure mode of the two domains in which the N‐terminal helix rotates concertedly with the C‐terminal domain, while the domain fluctuation with second largest amplitude corresponds to a twisting mode of the two domains, with the N‐terminal helix rotating concertedly with the N‐terminal domain. For the closure mode, the difference in hinge‐bending angle between the most open and most closed X‐ray structure along this mode is 49 degrees. In the MD simulation that shows the largest fluctuation along this mode, a rotation of 45 degrees was observed. Although the twisting mode has much less freedom than the closure mode in the distribution of crystallographic conformations, experimental results suggest that it might be functionally important. Interestingly, the twisting mode is sampled more extensively in all MD simulations than it is in the distribution of X‐ray conformations. Proteins 31:116–127, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sticks, stones, and hurtful words: relative effects of various forms of childhood maltreatment.

OBJECTIVE Childhood maltreatment is an important psychiatric risk factor. Research has focused primarily on the effects of physical abuse, sexual abuse, or witnessing domestic violence. Parental verbal aggression has received little attention as a specific form of abuse. This study was designed to delineate the impact of parental verbal aggression, witnessing domestic violence, physical abuse, and sexual abuse, by themselves and in combination, on psychiatric symptoms. METHOD Symptoms and exposure ratings were collected from 554 subjects 18-22 years of age (68% female) who responded to advertisements. The Verbal Abuse Questionnaire was used to assess exposure to parental verbal aggression. Outcome measures included dissociation and symptoms of "limbic irritability," depression, anxiety, and anger-hostility. Comparisons were made by using effect sizes. RESULTS Verbal aggression was associated with moderate to large effects, comparable to those associated with witnessing domestic violence or nonfamilial sexual abuse and larger than those associated with familial physical abuse. Exposure to multiple forms of maltreatment had an effect size that was often greater than the component sum. Combined exposure to verbal abuse and witnessing domestic violence had a greater negative effect on some measures than exposure to familial sexual abuse. CONCLUSIONS Parental verbal aggression was a potent form of maltreatment. Exposure to multiple forms of abuse was associated with very large effect sizes. Most maltreated children had been exposed to multiple types of abuse, and the number of different types is a critically important factor.
Indigenous built structures and anthropogenic impacts on the stratigraphy of Northern Australian rockshelters: insights from Malarrak 1, north western Arnhem Land

Abstract Malarrak 1 is currently the northernmost excavated rockshelter on the Australian mainland, located in the Wellington Range in north western Arnhem Land. The site contains a rich late Holocene deposit, with extensive contact rock art, stone artefacts, shell, bone, contact materials, ancestral human remains, and other cultural material. Excavation of the Malarrak 1 rockshelter and analysis of its sediments revealed many impacts on site formation processes within the deposit. We attribute the disturbance to possible erosion or sediment deposition during periods of intense rainfall and also to the construction of timber structures within the site. This is supported by modern and historical observations and is the focus of this paper. The extent of the disturbance to Malarrak 1 provides a cautionary tale for other excavations in the region that may be affected by similar Indigenous site occupation, as these anthropogenic activities enhance the risk of further impacts arising from biological and geomorphological processes that can impinge on the stratigraphic integrity of the cultural deposits.
Chemical- and radiation-induced haemorrhagic cystitis: current treatments and challenges

To review the published data on predisposing risk factors for cancer treatment‐induced haemorrhagic cystitis (HC) and the evidence for the different preventive and therapeutic measures that have been used in order to help clinicians optimally define and manage this potentially serious condition. Despite recognition that HC can be a significant complication of cancer treatment, there is currently a lack of UK‐led guidelines available on how it should optimally be defined and managed. A systematic literature review was undertaken to evaluate the evidence for preventative measures and treatment options in the management of cancer treatment‐induced HC. There is a wide range of reported incidence due to several factors including variability in study design and quality, the type of causal agent, the grading of bleeding, and discrepancies in definition criteria. The most frequently reported causal factors are radiotherapy to the pelvic area, where HC has been reported in up to 20% of patients, and treatment with cyclophosphamide and bacillus Calmette‐Guérin, where the incidence has been reported as up to 30%. Mesna (2‐mercaptoethane sodium sulphonate), hyperhydration and bladder irrigation have been the most frequently used prophylactic measures to prevent treatment‐related cystitis, but are not always effective. Cranberry juice is widely cited as a preventative measure and sodium pentosanpolysulphate as a treatment, although the evidence for both is very limited. The best evidence exists for intravesical hyaluronic acid as an effective preventative and active treatment, and for hyperbaric oxygen as an equally effective treatment option. The lack of robust data and variability in treatment strategies used highlights the need for further research, as well as best practice guidance and consensus on the management of HC.
Processing Nouns and Verbs in the Left Frontal Cortex: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

Neuropsychological and neurophysiological studies suggest that the production of verbs in speech depends on cortical regions in the left frontal lobe. However, the precise topography of these regions, and their functional roles in verb production, remains matters of debate. In an earlier study with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), we showed that stimulation to the left anterior midfrontal gyrus disrupted verb production, but not noun production, in a task that required subjects to perform simple morphological alternations. This result raises a number of questions: for example, is the effect of stimulation focal and specific to that brain region? Is the behavioral effect limited to rule-based, regular transformations, or can it be generalized over the grammatical category? In the present study, we used rTMS to suppress the excitability of distinct parts of the left prefrontal cortex to assess their role in producing regular and irregular verbs compared to nouns. We compared rTMS to sham stimulation and to stimulation of homologous areas in the right hemisphere. Response latencies increased for verbs, but were unaffected for nouns, following stimulation to the left anterior midfrontal gyrus. No significant interference specific for verbs resulted after stimulation to two other areas in the left frontal lobe, the posterior midfrontal gyrus and Broca's area. These results therefore reinforce the idea that the left anterior midfrontal cortex is critical for processing verbs. Moreover, none of the regions stimulated was preferentially engaged in the production of regular or irregular inflection, raising questions about the role of the frontal lobes in processing inflectional morphology.
The enigma of Calonectria species occurring on leaves of Ilex aquifolium in Europe

Species of Calonectria are common saprobes and plant pathogens on a wide range of hosts occurring in subtropical to tropical regions of the world. The aim of the present study was to resolve the status of new Calonectria collections obtained on Ilex leaves from France. Based on DNA sequence data of their β-tubulin and histone gene regions, as well as morphology, the new collections matched the ex-type strain of Cylindrocladium ilicicola. On the host and in culture, yellow to brownish-yellow perithecia were observed that did not strain red in 3 % KOH. Based on these results, C. ilicicola and its purported teleomorph, Ca. pyrochroa, were shown to represent two distinct species, as the latter has bright red perithecia that strain purple in KOH. A new combination, Ca. lauri, based on Tetracytum lauri, is subsequently proposed for C. ilicicola. Calonectria lauri is distinct from Ca. ilicicola, a pathogen commonly associated with Cylindrocladium black rot of peanut. Finally, Ca. canadiana is proposed as new name for Cy. canadiense, which is a nursery pathogen involved with root rot of several tree genera in Quebec, Canada.
Accommodating Human Variability in Human-Robot Teams through Theory of Mind

The variability of human behavior during plan execution poses a difficult challenge for human-robot teams. In this paper, we use the concepts of theory of mind to enable robots to account for two sources of human variability during team operation. When faced with an unexpected action by a human teammate, a robot uses a simulation analysis of different hypothetical cognitive models of the human to identify the most likely cause for the human's behavior. This allows the cognitive robot to account for variances due to both different knowledge and beliefs about the world, as well as different possible paths the human could take with a given set of knowledge and beliefs. An experiment showed that cognitive robots equipped with this functionality are viewed as both more natural and intelligent teammates, compared to both robots who either say nothing when presented with human variability, and robots who simply point out any discrepancies between the human's expected, and actual, behavior. Overall, this analysis leads to an effective, general approach for determining what thought process is leading to a human's actions.
A Design Space of Visualization Tasks

Knowledge about visualization tasks plays an important role in choosing or building suitable visual representations to pursue them. Yet, tasks are a multi-faceted concept and it is thus not surprising that the many existing task taxonomies and models all describe different aspects of tasks, depending on what these task descriptions aim to capture. This results in a clear need to bring these different aspects together under the common hood of a general design space of visualization tasks, which we propose in this paper. Our design space consists of five design dimensions that characterize the main aspects of tasks and that have so far been distributed across different task descriptions. We exemplify its concrete use by applying our design space in the domain of climate impact research. To this end, we propose interfaces to our design space for different user roles (developers, authors, and end users) that allow users of different levels of expertise to work with it.