Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The scholarship of learning modern languages and cultures: integrating education, research and human development

By taking learning as the axis of scholarship, personal and social epistemologies have a common ground: experience and reflective action. I am not considering learning as a vehicle whose success is measured to the extent that a portion of the external world is appropriated, but as a qualitatively different way to see, understand and handle experience. A scholarship of learning is tightly bound to the experiential roots of objects of study that keep on changing in individual and collective histories. Therefore, a scholarship of learning is not a set of context-free skills but a complex process of transformation of its practitioners’ identity and agency over themselves and their object of study. Such two-fold construction orientates a discipline no less than the ways of knowing, acting and being of those engaged in its investigation. I propose that the object of study of Modern Languages and Cultures should be literacy in the multilayered symbolic codes (some of which are tacit) that make intercultural interchanges intelligible and effective. The scope of this dissertation, however, is restricted to the investigation of deep learning in literacy. My thesis is that Modern Languages and Cultures should not be limited to objects of study, such as language, discourse, texts, films, etc. but has to include the processes of agentification of the learner and making sense of his or her experience in a foreign language and culture. I advocate the investigation of the experiential roots of language and culture in a scholarship of learning which seeks to integrate research and education, on the one hand, and language and content, on the other. Experience and learning are subjective-objective processes, and so I advise the epistemological revaluation of subjectivity. I propose that subjectification (i.e. the construction of the subject) is not only relevant for human development and social well-being, but is a source of knowledge in the Humanities.
Self-Schemata for Sport and Physical Activity: The Influence of Race and Gender.

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. REFERENCES. 64 APPENDIX A EXTENDED REVIEW OF LITERATURE.71 African Americans: Race as a Self-Schema Affecting Physical Activity Choices.71 A b s t r a c t . 72 Africcui Americans: Race as a Self-Schema Affecting Physical Activity Choices.73 Self-Concept and Self-Schema Defined . 76 Racial Awareness and Its Role in Self-Schemata . 79 Television and the Development of Self-Schemata 81 Environment in the Development of Racial SelfSchemata . 82 The Role of Modeling . 84 Attentional Processes. 84 Retention Processes . 86 Motor Reproduction Processes. 86 Expectations and the Development of Self-Schemata 87 Concluding R e m a r k s . 91 References. 95 APPENDIX B CONSENT FORM. 100 APPENDIX C GRAPHIC REPRESENTATIONS OF SIGNIFICANT INTERACTIONS FROM LOGISTIC REGRESSION A N A L Y S E S . 102 APPENDIX D RESPONSE LATENCY DESCRIPTIVE D A T A . 109 APPENDIX E REASONS WHY I'M GOOD AT SOME PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES QUESTIONNAIRE. 112 APPENDIX F LETTER OF PERMISSION TO USE COPYRIGHTED M ATE R I A L S . 115 APPENDIX G RAW D A T A . 117 V I T A . 136 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Logistic Regression Analysis . 22 Table 2. Significant Response Latencies By Race . 26 Table 3. Significant Response Latencies by Gender . 26 Table 4. Factor Analysis of RWIGSPA Items . 45
Psychometric evaluation of the Scandinavian version of the caregiver priorities and child health index of life with disabilities

Abstract Purpose: To examine test–retest reliability and construct validity of the Scandinavian version of the caregiver priorities and child health index of life with disabilities (CPCHILD) questionnaire for children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: Families were recruited in Sweden and Norway and stratified according to the gross motor function classification system levels I–V for children born 2000–2011, mean age 7.9 (SD 3.2). Construct validity based on the first questionnaire (n = 106) was evaluated for known groups, using linear regression analysis. Intraclass correlation coefficient was used to estimate test–retest reliability (n = 64), and Cronbach’s alpha was calculated as an indicator of internal consistency. Results: The questionnaire showed construct validity and the ability to discriminate between levels of gross motor function for the total score and all domain scores (p < 0.05). Test–retest reliability was high with intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.92 for the total score and of 0.72–0.92 for the domain scores. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.96 for the total score and 0.83–0.96 for the domain scores. Conclusions: The Scandinavian version of the CPCHILD for children with CP seems to be a valid and reliable proxy measure for health related quality of life. Implications for rehabilitation Valid and reliable outcome measures are needed to evaluate whether follow-up programs enhance health related quality of life in different countries. The Scandinavian version of the caregiver priorities and child health index of life with disabilities (CPCHILD) was evaluated for known-groups validity and test–retest reliability. The Scandinavian version of the CPCHILD is a sound and valid measurement for evaluation and comparison of health related quality of life of children with cerebral palsy in different countries.
Targeting Mdm2 and Mdmx in Cancer Therapy: Better Living through Medicinal Chemistry?

Genomic and proteomic profiling of human tumor samples and tumor-derived cell lines are essential for the realization of personalized therapy in oncology. Identification of the changes required for tumor initiation or maintenance will likely provide new targets for small-molecule and biological therapeutics. For example, inactivation of the p53 tumor suppressor pathway occurs in most human cancers. Although this can be due to frank p53 gene mutation, almost half of all cancers retain the wild-type p53 allele, indicating that the pathway is disabled by other means. Alternate mechanisms include deletion or epigenetic inactivation of the p53-positive regulator arf, methylation of the p53 promoter, or elevated expression of the p53 regulators Mdm2 and Mdmx. This review discusses current models of p53 regulation by Mdm2 and Mdmx and presents the rationale for design of future Mdmx-specific therapeutics based on our knowledge of its structure and biological functions. (Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(1):1–11)
Molecular Systems Biology Peer Review Process File Human Metabolic Profiles Are Stably Controlled by Genetic and Environmental Variation Transaction Report

(Note: With the exception of the correction of typographical or spelling errors that could be a source of ambiguity, letters and reports are not edited. The original formatting of letters and referee reports may not be reflected in this compilation.) Thank you again for submitting your work to Molecular Systems Biology. We have now heard back from the three referees whom we asked to evaluate your manuscript. As you will see from the reports below, the referees find the topic of your study of potential interest. However, they raise substantial concerns on your work, which should be convincingly addressed in a revision of this study. Thus, both reviewer #2 and #3 raise serious concerns with regard to the statistical analysis (ie. need to compare with existing methodologies) and some of the conclusions of the study. On a more editorial level, please note our policies with regard to the "availability of published material, data and software" (http://www.nature.com/msb/authors). We would thus kindly ask you to provide in supplementary information the dataset(s) used in this study in a format that would allow others to reproduce the essential aspects of the analysis and reuse/compare/integrate your data in other studies (see also "Summary recommendations for standardization and reporting of metabolic analyses" Systems Biology will publish online a Review Process File to accompany accepted manuscripts. When preparing your letter of response, please be aware that in the event of acceptance, your cover
Cardioprotective Effect of Fimasartan, a New Angiotensin Receptor Blocker, in a Porcine Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Cardioprotective effect of fimasartan, a new angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), was evaluated in a porcine model of acute myocardial infarction (MI). Fifty swine were randomized to group 1 (sham, n=10), group 2 (no angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor [ACEI] or ARB, n=10), group 3 (perindopril 2 mg daily, n=10), group 4 (valsartan 40 mg daily, n=10), or group 5 (fimasartan 30 mg daily, n=10). Acute MI was induced by occlusion of the left anterior descending artery for 50 min. Echocardiography, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) were performed at baseline, 1 week, and 4 weeks. Iodine-123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scan was done at 6 weeks for visualization of cardiac sympathetic activity. Left ventricular function and volumes at 4 weeks were similar between the 5 groups. No difference was observed in groups 2 to 5 in SPECT perfusion defect, matched and mismatched segments between SPECT and PET at 1 week and 4 weeks. MIBG scan showed similar uptake between the 5 groups. Pathologic analysis showed similar infarct size in groups 2 to 5. Infarct size reduction was not observed with use of fimasartan as well as other ACEI and ARB in a porcine model of acute MI. Graphical Abstract
Development of nitrogen and methane losses in the first eight weeks of lactation in Holstein cows subjected to deficiency of utilisable crude protein under restrictive feeding conditions

ABSTRACT Low-protein diets are increasingly being used in dairy cow nutrition to minimise noxious nitrogen (N) emissions. However, at parturition, the lower milk yield at that time may mask deficiency in dietary utilisable crude protein (uCP; equivalent to metabolisable protein). Under restrictive feeding conditions, farmers would limit the feed allowance to match the lower measured milk yield, thereby exacerbating the deficiency. The consequences for N emission intensity per kg milk yield and methane emissions are unknown. In this study, two diets were fed to nine Holstein cows each from parturition onwards. One diet was complete and the other was calculated as 20% deficient in uCP. Feed allowance was always oriented towards the measured milk yield. In each of the first eight lactation weeks, intake and excretion were measured for 5 d. On the last 2 d of this period, methane emission was measured in respiration chambers. The statistical model included treatment, week and interaction as effects. The real levels of uCP and energy supply across the 8 weeks were 33% and 15% below requirements, respectively, in the Deficient cows. In addition, the Deficient cows consumed 18% less dry matter (caused by substantial refusals in week 1, where energy supply was according to requirements) and produced 25% less milk (26 vs. 34 kg/d). Cows in both groups used dietary N with similar efficiency for milk protein synthesis and excreted similar proportions of the N ingested via urine and faeces. This resulted in both treatments having similar N emission intensities per kg milk N and similar urinary N as a proportion of total excreta N, suggesting a similar potential for gaseous N emissions from the manure per kg of milk. The Deficient cows emitted 22% less methane overall but had similar methane yield and emission intensity to the Controls. In conclusion, a reduction in crude protein intake immediately after parturition does not reduce N emission per unit of milk when associated with uCP deficiency.
Tree- and Stand-Level Thinning Effects on Growth of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) on a Northeast- and a Southwest-Facing Slope in Southwest Germany

Anticipated changes in climate and research findings on the drought sensitivity of beech have triggered controversial discussions about the future of European beech. We investigated the growth response of beech on the tree- and stand-level in mature stands to three different thinning intensities (no thinning, strong thinning, very strong thinning) on a northeast- and southwest-facing slope in Southwest Germany. Linear mixed-effects models were formulated to describe effects on growth parameters on the tree- and stand-level (diameter, height, basal area, volume). At the stand-level, the stand basal area increment and stand volume increment were lower on the thinned plots. At the tree-level, the basal area increment significantly increased with increasing thinning intensity. The growth of individual trees was also influenced by initial tree size, the size-related rank of the tree within a stand, and by the aspect of the site. Our data indicate that growth of European beech is impaired on the southwest-facing slope with a warmer and drier climate and that a very strong thinning regime applied at advanced age can accelerate growth of European beech trees even on the warmer and drier site. Our findings, therefore, imply that in a warmer climate intensive thinning may also represent an important adaptive forest management measure in European beech stands.
Eszopiclone improves overnight polysomnography and continuous positive airway pressure titration: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To assess whether premedication with eszopiclone would improve sleep duration and continuity during polysomnography, thereby improving the quality of diagnostic and CPAP titration studies. DESIGN Prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial SETTING Academic, multidisciplinary sleep center. PATIENTS 226 adult subjects undergoing polysomnography for suspected sleep disordered breathing; 113 received eszopiclone and 113 received placebo. INTERVENTIONS Subjects received eszopiclone 3 mg or matching placebo before polysomnography. We compared sleep latency, efficiency, total sleep time, and apnea-hypopnea index between these groups. We also compared rates of inadequate studies, defined as insufficient sleep time (< 120 min or sleep efficiency < or = 70%) or incomplete CPAP titrations (> or = 5 events/h on the highest CPAP or complete intolerance). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Eszopiclone premedication significantly improved a number of measured variables. Eszopiclone reduced sleep latency (21.7 +/- 27.1 vs. 32.6 +/- 38.2 min, P = 0.014), improved sleep efficiency (87.6% +/- 10.8% vs. 78.1% +/- 15.6%, P < 0.001), reduced wake after sleep onset (39.2 +/- 31.9 vs. 64.5 +/- 45.4 min, P <0.001) and prolonged sleep time (346.5 +/- 53.1 vs. 312.2 +/- 64.2 min, P < 0.001). Sleep efficiencies < or = 70% were more common with placebo than medication (21.2% vs. 7.1%, P = 0.004). Eszopiclone facilitated improved CPAP titrations with fewer residual events (5.7 +/- 10.3 vs. 11.9 +/- 19.6, P = 0.02) and fewer incomplete titrations (31.1% vs. 48.0%, P = 0.04). Poor quality studies (46.0% vs. 26.5%, P = 0.004) were more common with placebo than with eszopiclone. There was a trend for more non-usable studies with placebo (7.1% vs. 2.7%, P = 0.22). Side effects were uncommon and did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION Pretreatment with eszopiclone improves the quality of polysomnography and CPAP titration and decreases the need to repeat studies. Given the ever-growing demand for polysomnography and the need to improve efficiency, the routine use of nonbenzodiazepines as premedication for polysomnography should be considered.
Amelioration of high fructose-induced metabolic derangements by activation of PPARalpha.

To elucidate molecular mechanisms of high fructose-induced metabolic derangements and the influence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) activation on them, we examined the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and PPARalpha as well as its nuclear activation and target gene expressions in the liver of high fructose-fed rats with or without treatment of fenofibrate. After 8-wk feeding of a diet high in fructose, the mRNA contents of PPARalpha protein and its activity and gene expressions of fatty acid oxidation enzymes were reduced. In contrast, the gene expressions of SREBP-1 and lipogenic enzymes in the liver were increased by high fructose feeding. Similar high fructose effects were also found in isolated hepatocytes exposed to 20 mM fructose in the media. The treatment of fenofibrate (30 mg.kg(-1). day(-1)) significantly improved high fructose-induced metabolic derangements such as insulin resistance, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and fat accumulation in the liver. Consistently, the decreased PPARalpha protein content, its activity, and its target gene expressions found in high fructose-fed rats were all improved by fenofibrate treatment. Furthermore, we also found that the copy number of mitochondrial DNA, the expressions of mitochondrial transcription factor A, ATPase-6 subunit, and uncoupling protein-3 were increased by fenofibrate treatment. These findings suggest that the metabolic syndrome in high fructose-fed rats is reversed by fenofibrate treatment, which is associated with the induction of enzyme expression related to beta-oxidation and the enhancement of mitochondrial gene expression.
Improved Mesh Generation: Not Simple but Good

An improved algorithm for two-dimensional triangular mesh generation in arbitrary polygonally bounded domains with holes and isolated interior points is presented. The algorithm is quad-tree based and follows the ideas of Bern, Eppstein and Gilbert 1]. Using a rhomboid structure of the quad-tree and a number of new ideas for warping and centering points and for shifting grids, we are able to generate meshes with provably good angle bounds between 30 and 90 (except probably smaller angles of the polygonal boundary given as input).
Positive Results for Parsing with a Bounded Stack using a Model-Based Right-Corner Transform

Statistical parsing models have recently been proposed that employ a bounded stack in time-series (left-to-right) recognition, using a right-corner transform defined over training trees to minimize stack use (Schuler et al., 2008). Corpus results have shown that a vast majority of naturally-occurring sentences can be parsed in this way using a very small stack bound of three to four elements. This suggests that the standard cubic-time CKY chart-parsing algorithm, which implicitly assumes an unbounded stack, may be wasting probability mass on trees whose complexity is beyond human recognition or generation capacity. This paper first describes a version of the right-corner transform that is defined over entire probabilistic grammars (cast as infinite sets of generable trees), in order to ensure a fair comparison between bounded-stack and unbounded PCFG parsing using a common underlying model; then it presents experimental results that show a bounded-stack right-corner parser using a transformed version of a grammar significantly outperforms an unbounded-stack CKY parser using the original grammar.
Sclerosteosis: report of a case in a black African man

Sclerosteosis is a rare genetic disorder of bone modelling, similar to, but distinct from, van Buchem disease; it has been described almost exclusively in Afrikaners of South Africa, a white population of Dutch ancestry. Isolated cases have been reported in a girl in Japan, a boy in Spain, and in multiracial families in Brazil and USA.
Treating troubled children and their families

The Child as an Individual: An Introduction to Child-in-Family Therapy. Meeting with Parents Alone: Understanding Their Concerns. Getting the Most Out of Family Meetings. Knowing the Child in Depth: A Clinical Guide to Effective Individual Sessions. Anxiety, Adaptational, Styles, and Defense Mechanisms. Essential Psychodynamic Concepts. Interventions Based on Psychodynamic Formulations. Interventions Based on Behavioral Formulations. Pulling it all Together: Five Illustrative Case Studies.
Detection and interpretation of shared genetic influences on 42 human traits

We performed a scan for genetic variants associated with multiple phenotypes by comparing large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 42 traits or diseases. We identified 341 loci (at a false discovery rate of 10%) associated with multiple traits. Several loci are associated with multiple phenotypes; for example, a nonsynonymous variant in the zinc transporter SLC39A8 influences seven of the traits, including risk of schizophrenia (rs13107325: log-transformed odds ratio (log OR) = 0.15, P = 2 × 10−12) and Parkinson disease (log OR = −0.15, P = 1.6 × 10−7), among others. Second, we used these loci to identify traits that have multiple genetic causes in common. For example, variants associated with increased risk of schizophrenia also tended to be associated with increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease. Finally, we developed a method to identify pairs of traits that show evidence of a causal relationship. For example, we show evidence that increased body mass index causally increases triglyceride levels.
Activity-Dependent Release of Adenosine: A Critical Re-Evaluation of Mechanism

Adenosine is perhaps the most important and universal modulator in the brain. The current consensus is that it is primarily produced in the extracellular space from the breakdown of previously released ATP. It is also accepted that it can be released directly, as adenosine, during pathological events primarily by equilibrative transport. Nevertheless, there is a growing realization that adenosine can be rapidly released from the nervous system in a manner that is dependent upon the activity of neurons. We consider three competing classes of mechanism that could explain neuronal activity dependent adenosine release (exocytosis of ATP followed by extracellular conversion to adenosine; exocytotic release of an unspecified transmitter followed by direct non-exocytotic adenosine release from an interposed cell; and direct exocytotic release of adenosine) and outline discriminatory experimental tests to decide between them. We review several examples of activity dependent adenosine release and explore their underlying mechanisms where these are known. We discuss the limits of current experimental techniques in definitively discriminating between the competing models of release, and identify key areas where technologies need to advance to enable definitive discriminatory tests. Nevertheless, within the current limits, we conclude that there is evidence for a mechanism that strongly resembles direct exocytosis of adenosine underlying at least some examples of neuronal activity dependent adenosine release.