Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Caregiver Involvement in Upper-Limb Treatment in Individuals With Subacute Stroke

Background Initial severity of upper-limb motor impairment and exercise intensity are important predictors of improved upper-limb function during stroke rehabilitation. Initial severity of motor impairment, however, is not modifiable by rehabilitation, and increased one-on-one treatment is not always feasible. Alternative methods to increase intensity and improve upper-limb function are needed. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine caregiver involvement in upper-limb treatment as a method to improve upper-limb function. Design This study was a secondary analysis of a multi-site randomized controlled trial for upper-limb recovery during subacute inpatient stroke rehabilitation. Methods Data from 50 individuals with subacute stroke who were randomly assigned to the experimental group (upper-limb exercise) were used for the analysis. Outcome variables were measured at baseline and at completion of the 4-week intervention. Group comparisons between participants with caregiver support and participants without caregiver support were done using an analysis of variance. Using the Fugl-Meyer Upper-Limb Motor Impairment Scale and time spent in treatment (intensity) as covariates, a multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine the additive value of caregiver support on upper-limb function, as measured by change scores on the Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory and the Motor Activity Log. Results Group comparisons revealed that participants with caregiver support had improved upper-limb function compared with those without caregiver support and were more likely to increase the amount of time spent doing exercise. The multiple regression analysis showed that Fugl-Meyer score, treatment intensity, and caregiver support were significant predictors of upper-limb improvement (R2=.240–.292). In the regression models, caregiver support accounted for 5% to 9% of upper-limb improvement. Limitations Support was coded as a dichotomous variable, and thus the degree of support or qualitative nature of support was not captured. Conclusions Involvement of caregivers was a determinant of improved upper-limb function over and above initial severity of motor impairment and exercise intensity. Further research is needed to determine the optimal qualitative and quantitative elements of caregiver involvement in stroke rehabilitation in order to maximize results.
The Social Entrepreneurial Antecedents Scale (SEAS): A Validation Study

Purpose – This paper aims to develop and validate measures of four constructs that have often been identified as antecedents of social entrepreneurial behavior: empathy with marginalized people, a feeling of moral obligation to help these, a high level of self-efficacy concerning the ability to effect social change and perceived availability of social support. Nomological validity is demonstrated by showing that, as specified by Mair and Noboa (2006), empathy and moral obligation are positively associated with perceived desirability and self-efficacy and social support with perceived feasibility of starting a social venture. The Social Entrepreneurial Antecedents Scale (SEAS) provides a basis for future research into the effectiveness of social entrepreneurship education, allowing us to study how different educational interventions impact the four SEAS constructs. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on data from two surveys of business school students. Data analysis used both exploratory factor .
Immunohistochemical Characterization and Quantification of Lymphocytes Infiltrating Bovine Lungs in East Coast Fever

This study was conducted to investigate the hypothesis that the lungs in East Coast fever are infiltrated by different subsets of lymphocytes that may be responsible in the pathogenesis of pulmonary edema. Four steers, 7 – 10 months old, were experimentally infected by subcutaneous injection with 0.5 ml of live Theileria parva sporozoites (Muguga stabilate 3087). Two others remained as uninfected controls. All six animals were clinically monitored daily before and after infection by screening peripheral blood smears, lymph node smears, rectal temperatures, lymph node enlargement, coughing, and dyspnea. Also, blood samples were taken at intervals of 3-4 days and analysed for total RBC and WBC counts, Hb, PCV, and differential leukocyte count. Each of the infected animals were humanely exsanguinated to death under general anaesthesia at the onset of dyspnea, together with one of the controls for sampling of lung tissues. In addition, two lung tissue samples were collected from two ECF naturally infected cattle that were slaughtered during the advanced stage of the disease. The lung tissue samples from the experimentally and naturally infected animals were fixed in 4% neutral-buffered formaldehyde (pH 7.4) for 48 hours, and subjected to tissue processing procedures to obtain 4 mm thin sections that were stained routinely by H & E for histopathological examination and immunohistochemically by monoclonal antibodies labelled by streptavidin-biotin peroxidase complex to visualize lymphocyte
Structure and Function of Team Learning Emergence

The aim of this study is to examine how learning emerges in terms of structure and function to transform from an individual to a collective (team) phenomenon. Drawing on learning theory and multilevel thinking, the authors developed and validated measures for the basic team learning processes (i.e., intuition, interpretation, integration, and codification) in three independent field studies of innovation project teams and employed multilevel structural equation modeling to test relationships across the individual and team levels of analysis. Their results confirm the hypothesis that team learning originates in individual intuitions, is amplified through interpretation and integration, and manifests itself at the team level via the codification of collective cognition and action. Across the three studies, team learning was found to significantly affect team performance. The authors’ approach contributes to a conceptualization and measurement of team learning as a multilevel phenomenon.
Research paradigms and topics in Enterprise Engineering analysis of recent conferences and workshops

Enterprise Engineering (EE) is about purposeful design of enterprises and their transformative activities. It is an interdisciplinary domain, which draws largely on information systems and organizational science. Not unlike these fields, EE would benefit from a variety of research approaches to study the engineering of socio-technical systems. To analyze the prevalence of different research paradigms and the composition of research topics in the EE field, we examined 115 research papers in the field as presented in four pertinent conferences in 2009-2013: the Practice-Driven Research on Enterprise Transformation (PRET), Enterprise Engineering Working Conference (EEWC) as well as relevant tracks in the Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (MCIS) and in the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS). As per this analysis, the social aspect seems to be under-investigated and the interpretive paradigm under-represented in the EE research, while there seems to be a bias towards technical focus and the functionalist paradigm. The analysis ascertained the need for further evolvement of the EE discipline through more attention to social aspects and a more balanced variety of research approaches. We view that this will balance the course of advancing EE theories with the integration of gathered insights. With this paper, we want to instill a debate on the need for alternative research paradigms and for research on social aspects in the field of EE.
The psycho-social impact of the Olympics as urban festival: a leisure perspective

Typical impact assessments of mega-events such as the Olympics focus on economic and tourism indicators or urban regeneration efforts. This paper instead focuses on the perceptions and attitudes of local residents about the mega-event and how it impacts them. Using poll data gathered in relation to the 2010 Vancouver Winter Games and the 2012 London Summer Olympics, it is shown how attitudes shift over time and, above all, how the Games-time experience of living in a host city impacts resident’s attitudes towards the Games. It is argued that the Olympics creates both new leisure time and leisure spaces in the host city that produces psycho-social effects, whereby the event is viewed more positively and almost independent of perceptions of economic benefits. The creation of a festival atmosphere affects the public mood and surprisingly seems to at least somewhat overwhelm fiscal issues and other controversies.
Expression of MLL-AF4 or AF4-MLL fusions does not impact the efficiency of DNA damage repair

The most frequent rearrangement of the human MLL gene fuses MLL to AF4 resulting in high-risk infant B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). MLL fusions are also hallmark oncogenic events in secondary acute myeloid leukemia. They are a direct consequence of mis-repaired DNA double strand breaks (DNA-DSBs) due to defects in the DNA damage response associated with exposure to topoisomerase-II poisons such as etoposide. It has been suggested that MLL fusions render cells susceptible to additional chromosomal damage upon exposure to etoposide. Conversely, the genome-wide mutational landscape in MLL-rearranged infant B-ALL has been reported silent. Thus, whether MLL fusions compromise the recognition and/or repair of DNA damage remains unanswered. Here, the fusion proteins MLL-AF4 (MA4) and AF4-MLL (A4M) were CRISPR/Cas9-genome edited in the AAVS1 locus of HEK293 cells as a model to study MLL fusion-mediated DNA-DSB formation/repair. Repair kinetics of etoposide- and ionizing radiation-induced DSBs was identical in WT, MA4- and A4M-expressing cells, as revealed by flow cytometry, by immunoblot for γH2AX and by comet assay. Accordingly, no differences were observed between WT, MA4- and A4M-expressing cells in the presence of master proteins involved in non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ; i.e.KU86, KU70), alternative-NHEJ (Alt-NHEJ; i.e.LigIIIa, WRN and PARP1), and homologous recombination (HR, i.e.RAD51). Moreover, functional assays revealed identical NHEJ and HR efficiency irrespective of the genotype. Treatment with etoposide consistently induced cell cycle arrest in S/G2/M independent of MA4/A4M expression, revealing a proper activation of the DNA damage checkpoints. Collectively, expression of MA4 or A4M does neither influence DNA signaling nor DNA-DSB repair.
Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production and angiogenesis by the cytoplasmic tail of tissue factor.

Tissue factor (TF), a transmembrane receptor for coagulation factor VII/VIIa, is aberrantly expressed in human cancers. We demonstrated a significant correlation between TF and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in 13 human malignant melanoma cell lines (r(2) = 0.869, P < 0.0001). Two of these cell lines, RPMI-7951, a high TF and VEGF producer, and WM-115, a low TF and VEGF producer, were grown s.c. in severe combined immunodeficient mice. The high-producer cell line generated solid tumors characterized by intense vascularity, whereas the low producer generated relatively avascular tumors, as determined by immunohistologic staining of tumor vascular endothelial cells with anti-von Willebrand factor antibody. To investigate the structure-function relationship of TF and VEGF, a low-producer melanoma cell line (HT144) was transfected with a TF cDNA containing the full-length sequence, a cytoplasmic deletion mutant lacking the coding sequence for the distal three serine residues (potential substrates for protein kinase C), or an extracellular domain mutant, which has markedly diminished function for activation of factor X. Cells transfected with the full-length sequence produced increased levels of both TF and VEGF. Transfectants with the full-length sequence and the extracellular domain mutant produced approximately equal levels of VEGF mRNA. However, cells transfected with the cytoplasmic deletion mutant construct produced increased levels of TF, but little or no VEGF. Thus, the cytoplasmic tail of TF plays a role in the regulation of VEGF expression in some tumor cells.
Ethnic Identity and Intimate Partner Violence in a New Zealand Birth Cohort

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an issue of growing concern in New Zealand, with particular concerns being raised about the overrepresentation of Māori in surveys of IPV. The present study examined the associations between ethnic identity and IPV in a longitudinal birth cohort of individuals born in Christchurch in 1977. Those participants of Māori identity reported higher rates of both IPV victimisation and perpetration than non-Māori, as well as higher rates of injury related to IPV. Control for a range of socio-economic and family functioning factors reduced the magnitude of the associations between ethnic identity and IPV victimisation, perpetration and injury, but the associations remained substantial. It was concluded that higher rates of IPV among Māori were not explained by cultural factors, and were largely explained by ethnic differences in exposure to socio-economic factors and exposure to family problems in childhood.
Culturally familiar tasks on reading performance and self-efficacy of culturally and linguistically diverse students

Grounded in the theoretical frameworks of constructivism and social cognitive theory, this study examined utilising culturally responsive pedagogy through a Latino themed reading task with the intention of increasing reading achievement and reading self-efficacy beliefs for culturally and linguistically diverse students. The research was conducted in an urban middle school in the south-western United States with 43 seventh grade students whose age ranged from 12 to 13 years. The majority of participants in this study reported to be Hispanic or multiracial with Hispanic origins. This study’s findings added to the existing knowledge base regarding the effectiveness of culturally responsive teaching practices. More specifically, culturally responsive pedagogy was utilised in the form of a reading task to examine its influence on students’ recall and reading comprehension performance. Furthermore, the findings of this study suggest that a culturally familiar reading task may increase reading self-efficacy beliefs. Implications for primary and secondary teachers, administrators, parents, and students pertain to the importance of utilising culturally responsive pedagogy as a teaching method to increase reading achievement and reading self-efficacy for culturally and linguistically diverse students.
Understanding Dutch Islam: Exploring the Relationship of Muslims with the State and the Public Sphere in the Netherlands

The Netherlands has often been characterized as an open, tolerant country that changed into the opposite after 9/11 and the murder of van Gogh by a radical Moroccan-Dutch Muslim. It is stated that the secular freedoms of Dutch society are threatened by radical Islam. In this chapter I will explore the dominant model of managing religion in the Netherlands and problematize an unquestioned opposition between the secular and the religious by critically investigating the secularist assumptions of the Dutch state policy of domesticating Islam. A basic tenet of the Dutch model is treating Islam and Muslims as outsiders who do not belong to the Dutch moral community. Combined with recent changes in the public debates about Islam such as going from a consensual style to a confrontational style and the culturalization of citizenship the dominant political praxis of secularism leads to stimulating and integrating a so-called ‘liberal’ Islam while excluding a more assertive version of Islam that is labelled as ‘radical. As such, Dutch secularism does not advocate the complete removal of religion in the public sphere, particular strands of visible Islam are categorized as ‘radical’ and therefore to be excluded from the public domain. One of the main functions of the distinction between ‘liberal’ and ‘radical’ Islam is to create unity among the political elites who are divided over the management of religion but agree that ‘radical’ Islam does not belong to Dutch society.
Portfolio Preferences of Foreign Institutional Investors

The authors examine the relationship between foreign investment and the attributes of emerging market countries and firms in which investment is made. Their findings indicate that countries with higher levels of economic development and floating exchange rate regimes tend to have greater ability to obtain foreign capital. After controlling for the country's level of economic development, they find that firms in countries with stronger shareholder rights and legal framework attract more foreign capital. The authors also find that foreign institutions allocate more of their assets to firms with better corporate governance after controlling for other country and firm attributes. The main firm-level measures of corporate governance are derived from accounting quality variables. Their results imply that steps can be taken both at the country and the firm level to create an environment conducive to foreign portfolio investment. The analysis is based on a unique dataset consisting of equity positions of U.S. mutual funds in emerging markets.
Learners’ Mental Models of the Particle Nature of Matter: A study of 16‐year‐old Swedish science students

The results presented here derive from a longitudinal study of Swedish upper secondary science students’ (16–19 years of age) developing understanding of key chemical concepts. The informants were 18 students from two different schools. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mental models of matter at the particulate level that learners develop. Data were collected using semi‐structured interviews based around the students’ own drawings of the atom, and of solids, liquids, and gases. The interview transcripts were analysed to identify patterns in the data that offer insight into aspects of student understanding. The findings are discussed in the specific curriculum context in Swedish schools. Results indicate that the teaching model of the atom (derived from Bohr’s model) commonly presented by teachers and textbook authors in Sweden gives the students an image of a disproportionately large and immobile nucleus, emphasises a planetary model of the atom and gives rise to a chain of logic leading to immobility in the solid state and molecular breakdown during phase transitions. The findings indicate that changes in teaching approaches are required to better support learners in developing mental models that reflect the intended target knowledge.
Inferring colocation and conversation networks from privacy-sensitive audio with implications for computational social science

New technologies have made it possible to collect information about social networks as they are acted and observed in the wild, instead of as they are reported in retrospective surveys. These technologies offer opportunities to address many new research questions: How can meaningful information about social interaction be extracted from automatically recorded raw data on human behavior? What can we learn about social networks from such fine-grained behavioral data? And how can all of this be done while protecting privacy? With the goal of addressing these questions, this article presents new methods for inferring colocation and conversation networks from privacy-sensitive audio. These methods are applied in a study of face-to-face interactions among 24 students in a graduate school cohort during an academic year. The resulting analysis shows that networks derived from colocation and conversation inferences are quite different. This distinction can inform future research in computational social science, especially work that only measures colocation or employs colocation data as a proxy for conversation networks.
A Comparison of the Lethal and Hemolytic Toxins of Clostridium Histolyticum *

Weinberg and Seguin,' shortly after first isolating Clostridium histolyticum, demonstrated that broth filtrates are lethal for laboratory animals when injected intravenously. These same preparations injected intramuscularly into the thighs of experimental animals resulted in rapidly progressive histolytic lesions. (The pathology of these lesions has been described in detail by Pasternack and Bengtson! ). Later, Mitae reported the production of a heat labile hemolysin in liver broth culture filtrates. Stewart,' in a detailed investigation of the production of toxin by C. histolyticum, found that potent toxins could be produced in a peptone-meat infusion broth at pH 7.6. Toxic activity reached a maximum after incubation for 13 to 15 hours at 370 C. , and then fell off sharply. She also showed that the addition of 2 per cent glucose to media containing Parke-Davis peptone markedly increased the yield of toxin and resulted in the production of a potent hemolysin. This stimulating effect was attributed to "the reducing action of the glucose" for the following reasons: (i) other reducing sugars had the same effect while non-reducing sugars did not; (ii) glucose is not metabolized by C. histolyticum and its presence fails to result in increased growth of the organism; and (iii) the presence of glucose in Parke-Davis peptone media was shown to accelerate the reduction (as indicated by reduction of various dyes) of the medium by C. histolyticum. Furthermore, she found that media containing Witte peptone, which is rich in reducing sulfhydryl groups, would bring about the production of potent lethal and hemolytic toxins whether or not glucose was added. Sigler' confirmed Stewart's findings regarding the production of toxin and hemolysin. On the basis of the similar conditions required for the production of lethal toxin and hemolysin, he suggested that the two activities are due to a single substance. It is the purpose of this investigation to examine his suggestion in greater detail. Should they prove to be identical, hemolytic activity might provide a convenient in vitro method of assaying for lethal toxicity as is now the case with the alpha toxin of C. perfringens.
Validation of Plasma Branched Chain Amino Acids as Biomarkers in Huntington Disease

Author Affiliations: Neurology Section, Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service, Dallas (Dr Stüve); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas (Drs Stüve and Lambracht-Washington); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (Dr Wang); Department of Neurology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany (Dr Chan); Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany (Drs Hemmer and Cepok); Department of Neurology, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Dr Nessler); Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Dr Zipp); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (Dr Goldman); Department of Neurology, Inflammatory Disorders of the Nervous System and Neurooncology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Dr Meuth); Institute for Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Korth). Correspondence: Dr Stüve, Neurology Section, Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service, 4500 S Lancaster Rd, Dallas, TX 75216 (olaf.stuve @utsouthwestern.edu). Financial Disclosure: None reported. Funding/Support: This study was supported by a Merit Review, Department of Veterans Affairs (Dr Stüve). Additional Contributions: The authors wish to thank the individuals who participated in this study. In addition, the authors would like to thank Holly Smith for her support, and Jorge Oksenberg, PhD, from the University of California, San Francisco, for his tremendous assistance in designing the study, helping with all technical aspects of the study, and preparing the manuscript.