Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The macroeconomic impact of development aid: A critical survey

The early literature explained aid's macroeconomic impact in the context of the dual gap model, showing a clear link between aid and growth. Many now believe that the empirical evidence shows there to be no such relationship. This paper critically reviews the different theoretical perspectives ‐the dual gap model, the savings debate, recipient fiscal response, and aid as Dutch disease — and the empirical debates on aid, savings and growth. The basis for denying a relationship between aid and growth is shown to be weak, though more recent areas of research offer promising directions for future work.
Informational mobility and productivity: Finnish evidence

The labor productivity effects of portability and connectivity of information and communication technology (ICT) are studied with Finnish firm-level data. It is found that a computer with only processing and storage capabilities boosts labor productivity by 9% (corresponding to 5% output elasticity), portability by 32%, wireline connectivity by 14%, and wireless connectivity by 6%. The findings are in line with previous literature and comparisons to ICT costs suggest that firms equate marginal costs and returns. Although increasing ICT penetration can no longer be a major source of productivity growth in developed economies, the relatively new characteristics studied can.
Corporate Entrepreneurship in the Public Sector: The Dance of the Chameleon

This article explores the application of corporate entrepreneurship within the public sector. It outlines research that investigates whether those factors, which the literature describes as stimulating corporate entrepreneurship in the private sector, apply to the public sector. It concludes that entrepreneurship is a strategic phenomenon and, as a consequence, the unique environmental influences on public sector bodies generate stimulants and constraints to corporate entrepreneurship,which vary from those applicable to the private sector.
Influence of pulmonary surfactant on in vitro bactericidal activities of amoxicillin, ceftazidime, and tobramycin

The influence of a natural pulmonary surfactant on antibiotic activity was investigated to assess the possible use of exogenous surfactant as a vehicle for antibiotic delivery to the lung. The influence of surfactant on the bactericidal activity of amoxicillin was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and the influence of surfactant on the activities of ceftazidime and tobramycin was tested against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. aureus, and S. pneumoniae. In vitro antibiotic activity was determined by killing curve studies in media with and without surfactant. Amoxicillin and ceftazidime activities were not changed in the presence of surfactant, except for a decreased killing rate of S. pneumoniae by ceftazidime in medium with additional rabbit serum. In contrast, killing curves with low concentrations of tobramycin (0.25x and 1x the MIC) showed a decreased level of activity of tobramycin against all pathogens tested in the presence of surfactant. With higher tobramycin concentrations (4x the MIC) killing rates were decreased less or were unchanged in the presence of surfactant. Concluding from the results of the study, both amoxicillin and ceftazidime can be combined with surfactant without the loss of activity. For mixing surfactant with tobramycin, dosages should be adjusted to overcome the partial inactivation of tobramycin by surfactant.
A CDMA Dual-Band Zero-IF Receiver With Integrated LNAs and VCOs in an Advanced SiGe BiCMOS Process

This paper describes one of the first dual PCS- and CEL-band CDMA receivers that includes LNAs and VCOs on a single die. The PCS-band LNA achieves a noise figure (NF) of 1.5dB and IP3 of +7.5 dBm at 16-dB gain. The PCS demodulating mixer achieves an NF of 5 dB, IP3 of +5 dBm and uncalibrated IP2 of +60 dBm. The PCS VCO is capable of -134 dBc/Hz phase noise at 3.9 GHz and 1.25-MHz offset. A copper BiCMOS process was chosen for both performance and cost benefits, compared with lower geometry CMOS
Company-Sector Money Demand: New Evidence on the Existence of a Stable Long-Run Relationship for the United Kingdom

The U.K. departure from the European Exchange Rate Mechanism has created an urgent need for new indicators of monetary policy stance. Traditional simple sum monetary aggregates have proven unreliable, particularly in the face of the financial innovations of the 1980s. Micro theory suggests that inappropriate aggregation over heterogeneous assets and holders may be to blame. The present paper tests for weak separability of asset groupings for the U.K. company sector. Divisia weighted aggregates are constructed for the resulting narrow and broad groupings. It is shown that stable long run relationships, corresponding to money demand equations, exist for these aggregates. Arbitrary dummies representing financial innovation are not required, in contrast to some other work in this area. Copyright 1994 by Ohio State University Press.
The Long-Run Return to Investors in Share Issue Privatizations

We examine the long-run returns earned by domestic, international, and US investors who purchase shares at the first open-market price in 158 share issue privatizations (SIPs) from 33 countries during the period 1981-1997. We compute one-, three-, and five-year net returns for domestic, international, and US market indexes, and industry-matched comparison samples. We find statistically significant positive net returns for the 158 unseasoned SIPs for all holding periods and compared with all benchmarks. Our findings contrast with the patterns reported in previous research for equity offerings of private firms in the US and other countries.
Domestic Violence Screening and Treatment in the Workplace

The purpose of this study was to survey occupational health nurses about their perceived ability to screen for and treat domestic violence in the workplace. Occupational health nurses providing direct care or case management anonymously responded to the mailed Occupational Health Nurses' Survey on Screening for Domestic Violence in the Workplace. Findings indicate that occupational health nurses consider domestic violence screening and treatment to be components of their nursing role, but do not believe they have adequate training to competently care for workers who have experienced domestic violence. The occupational health nurses also did not believe policies existed in their workplace to assist them in treating these workers. Findings from this study can be used as the foundation for domestic violence education, policy development, and intervention research.
PENGARUH STRUKTUR KEPEMILIKAN, UKURAN DAN UMUR PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP KINERJA INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh struktur kepemilikan, ukuran perusahaan, dan umur perusahaan terhadap Kinerja intellectual capital pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di bursa efek Indonesia periode 2009-2011. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2009-2011. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, sehingga unit analisis yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 19 perusahaan. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metode dokumentasi. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu analisis regresi linier berganda, uji statistik deskriptif, dan uji asumsi klasik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan manajerial, kepemilikan institusional, kepemilikan asing dan ukuran perusahaan secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap intellectual capital. Hasil uji parsial (uji t) menunjukan bahwa kepemilikan manajerial, kepemilikan institusional, kepemilikan asing dan ukuran perusahaan tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja intellectual capital, sementara umur perusahaan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja intellectual capital.This study aims at determining the effect of Ownership Structure, Company Size and Company Age on Intellectual Capital Performance of Manufacturing Companies Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2009-2011. Using purposive sampling method, so that the unit of analysis in this study collected documented data by 19 companies. The study employs descriptive statistics and multiple linear regressions. In addition, for fulfilling the requirements of linear regression, the study uses classical assumption tests.The results of the study show that managerial ownership, institutional ownership, foreign ownership, firm size and firm age simultaneously have significantly affect on intellectual capital performance. result of analysis (t-test) shows that managerial ownership, institutional ownership, foreign ownership and firm size did not have significantly affect on intellectual capital performance, while firm age variable have significantly affects on intellectual capital performance.
Multivariate Multiscale Symbolic Entropy Analysis of Human Gait Signals

The complexity quantification of human gait time series has received considerable interest for wearable healthcare. Symbolic entropy is one of the most prevalent algorithms used to measure the complexity of a time series, but it fails to account for the multiple time scales and multi-channel statistical dependence inherent in such time series. To overcome this problem, multivariate multiscale symbolic entropy is proposed in this paper to distinguish the complexity of human gait signals in health and disease. The embedding dimension, time delay and quantization levels are appropriately designed to construct similarity of signals for calculating complexity of human gait. The proposed method can accurately detect healthy and pathologic group from realistic multivariate human gait time series on multiple scales. It strongly supports wearable healthcare with simplicity, robustness, and fast computation.
Developing a socially responsible property investment index for UK property companies

Purpose – Socially responsible property investment (SRPI) has taken on increased significance in recent years, as property investors have given an increased priority to environmental, social and governance issues in their property investment decision making. The purpose of this paper is to establish SRPI performance indices for UK property companies and empirically benchmark their risk‐adjusted performance and portfolio diversification benefits over recent years.Design/methodology/approach – Using five socially responsible investment (SRI) performance eligibility criteria, the UK property companies contributing to these SRI measures are identified. These UK property companies are used to establish a number of SRPI market cap‐weighted performance indices over 2003‐2008. These SRPI performance indices are used to assess the risk‐adjusted performance and portfolio diversification benefits of UK SRPI property companies.Findings – This paper objectively identifies the UK property companies actively involved in.
Experimental investigation of carrierless amplitude-phase transmission for vehicular visible light communication systems

Visible light communication (VLC) attracts increasing attention in intelligent transport systems (ITSs) in recent years, since light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are used as common light source. In this paper, the maximum capacity of VLC channel in ITSs with commercially available LEDs and photodiodes is investigated using the carrierless amplitude-phase (CAP) modulation technique. 312.5Mbps CAP transmission is successfully demonstrated over 10m transmission with a vehicle LED that has a 3dB bandwidth of 2.5MHz.
Embryonic Olfactory Learning in Frogs

We examined the effect of embryonic olfactory experiences on behaviour after hatching in two species of anuran amphibians, Rana temporaria and Rana sylvatica. Odorants (orange and citral) injected into the egg were “learned” by the embryo and subsequently preferred by tadpoles after hatching. The observed preferences were specific to the odours experienced prior to hatching, and tadpoles discriminated between the odour experienced as embryos and a novel odour. The acquired preference was maintained after metamorphosis for those individuals that exhibited a preference as tadpoles. Preferences of tadpoles were also influenced “naturally” by odours present in the water surrounding the developing embryos. The experimentally induced olfactory preferences did not appear to influence the exhibition of sibling recognition abilities. The study represents the first demonstration of “embryonic” learning in amphibians, and the functions and importance of early olfactory learning for amphibians are discussed.
A new Escherichia coli metabolic competency: growth on fatty acids by a novel anaerobic β‐oxidation pathway

Escherichia coli uses fatty acids as a sole carbon and energy source during aerobic growth by means of the enzymes encoded by the fad regulon. We report that this bacterium can also grow on fatty acids under anaerobic conditions provided that a terminal respiratory electron acceptor such as nitrate is available. This anaerobic utilization pathway is distinct from the well‐studied aerobic pathway in that (i) it proceeds normally in mutant strains lacking various enzymes of the aerobic pathway; (ii) it functions with fatty acids (octanoate and decanoate) that cannot be used by wild‐type E. coli strains under aerobic conditions; and (iii) super‐repressor mutants of the fadR regulatory locus that block aerobic growth on fatty acids fail to block the anaerobic pathway. We have identified homologues of the FadA, FadB and FadD proteins required for aerobic fatty acid utilization called YfcY, YfcX and YdiD, respectively, which are involved in anaerobic growth on fatty acids. A strong FadR binding site was detected upstream of the yfcY gene consistent with microarray analyses, indicating that yfcYX expression is negatively regulated by FadR under aerobic growth conditions. In contrast, transcriptional regulation of ydiD appears to be independent of FadR, and anaerobic growth on fatty acids is not under FadR control. These three genes are conserved in the available genome sequences of pathogenic E. coli , Shigella and Salmonella strains.
Subjective well-being approach to the valuation of income inequality

The subjective well-being approach to valuation is applied to the valuation of income inequality. Results show that objective inequality is a bad in the industrialized economies but a good in the emerging economies. Too much objective inequality is a bad in both areas. Results also show that people in both areas consider income inequality as a good, thus suggesting that income disparities are viewed as incentives to work harder and take risks. Such findings on subjective inequality make sense if people have knowledge or even hope that opportunities for economic advancement are available despite the presence of objective inequality in their society. Ensuring that people get fair chances to opportunities is a reasonable first step if income inequality is yet not viewed as a problem. To draw out a demand for redistribution requires actions that are intended to transform the consciousness of the people.
Impact of Exchange Rate on Balance of Payment in Nigeria

This paper empirically investigates the impact of exchange rate on the Nigeria External sector (the balance of payments position) using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method of estimation for data covering the period between 1970 and 2008. We found that exchange rate has a significant impact on the balance of payments position. The exchange rate depreciation can actually lead to improved balance of payments position if fiscal discipline is imposed. We also found out that improper allocation and misuse of domestic credit, fiscal indiscipline, and lack of appropriate expenditure control policies due to centralization of power in government are some of the causes of persistent balance of payments deficits in Nigeria. We recommend that appropriate monitoring machineries be set up to ensure judicious use of credit and available foreign exchange. Exchange rate policies have to be used along with the fiscal and monetary instruments to get meaningful results. This implies that our balance of payments problems can be solved simultaneously from two angles, namely, boosting supply and managing demand. Export diversification and promotion, import substitution and frivolous import restriction cannot be over emphasized.
Bed and Breakfast Industries

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the types of marketing strategies and the perceived success of these strategies by bed and breakfast owners/operators. In order to identify marketing strategies involved in operating bed and breakfasts, a descriptive study was conducted. The sampling frame included the 1,140 bed and breakfast owners/operators listed in the Texas Hotel Occupancy Tax Accounts Report. A simple random sample of 775 of this population was chosen and a response rate of 36% was obtained. Three primary marketing strategies were found to be used most frequently by bed and breakfast operations: word-of-mouth (98.9%), Chambers of Commerce (94.7%), and brochures (89.7%). In addition, word-of-mouth marketing was considered as the most successful marketing strategy.
Regulating finance after the crisis: Unveiling the different dynamics of the regulatory process

It is now widely recognized that regulatory failures contributed to the onset of the global financial crisis. Redressing such failures has, thus, been a key policy priority in the post-crisis reform agenda at both the domestic and international levels. This special issue investigates the process of post-crisis financial regulatory reform in a number of crucial issue areas, including the rules and arrangements that govern financial supervision, offshore financial centers and shadow banking, the financial industry's involvement in global regulatory processes, and macroeconomic modeling. In so doing, the main purpose of this special issue is to shed light on an often understudied aspect in regulation literature: the variation in the dynamics of regulatory change. Contributors examine the different dynamics of regulatory change observed post-crisis and explain variations by accounting for the interaction between institutional factors, on the one hand, and the activity of change agents and veto players involved in the regulatory reform process, on the other.
THE INFORMATION CONTENT OF PRICE-EARNINGS RATIOS

T he price-earnings (P/E) ratio and dividend yield are probably the two most frequently used in the investment community. Theory and previous empirical research [5, 9, 21, 26] indicates that although a host of financial variables including risk, payout and leverage account for differences in P/E ratios of corporate equities, the principal explanatory factor is the expectation of growth in earnings and dividends. While the precise 'manner in which these expectations are formed by the market is unclear, historical growth rates, recent earnings and other corporate announcements, and market forecasts at the economy-wide and industry levels are believed to be significant. Capital market efficiency implies that all such information is fully impounded in security prices in a rapid and unbiased fashion. While an impressive body of empirical evidence supports the efficient markets hypothesis (for example, [15,20]), there does exist some evidence to the contrary [13, 14]. In particular, studies by Breen & Savage [11], Breen [10], McWilliams [22], Miller & Widmann [23] and Nicholson [25] challenge market efficiency in processing information implicit in price-earnings ratios. These studies suggest that P/E ratios may be indicators of future investment performance of securities, they have significant shortcomings that include retroactive selection bias i.e., sample being composed of only "survived" firms and the failure to account for risk
Government revenue and government expenditure nexus: evidence from developing countries

The relationship between government revenue and government expenditure has attracted a lot of interest given its policy relevance, particularly with respect to budget deficits. The goal of this paper is to investigate evidence for causality between government revenue and government expenditure within a multivariate framework by modelling them together with gross domestic product for 12 developing countries. Our application of the Toda and Yamamoto (1995) test for Granger causality reveals support for the tax-and-spend hypothesis for Mauritius, El Salvador, Haiti, Chile and Venezuela. For Haiti, there is evidence for the spend-and-tax hypothesis, while for Peru, South Africa, Guatemala, Uruguay and Ecuador there is evidence of neutrality.
The European Grain Invasion, 1870–1913

The article quantifies the impact of cheap grain on the European economy in the late nineteenth century. Falling transport costs led to dramatic declines in Anglo-American grain price gaps, but price convergence was less impressive between the U.S. and other European economies, and within Europe. Cheaper grain meant lower rents throughout Europe, and protection boosted rents, but the magnitudes involved differed between countries. Similarly, cheap grain increased real wages in Britain, but lowered them elsewhere. The grain invasion implied different shocks across countries, and this partly explains the varying trade policies pursued in Europe during this period.
Integrating stakeholder perceptions of environmental risk into conventional management frameworks: coal seam gas development in Queensland

Social opposition to coal seam gas development in Queensland, Australia, reflects a broad and complex array of value-based issues, many of which are poorly represented in the regulatory decision-making process. The Queensland Government's adaptive policy framework for managing coal seam gas development has targeted risks identified through conventional risk management methodologies based solely on technical assessment. This study presents a novel approach to identifying risks during policy development. Socially perceived risks and policy gaps identified in news media are compared against existing policy using a three-phase mixed methodology. Three leverage points for strengthening the current management framework are proposed: (1) integration of policies to address cumulative and overlapping risks; (2) adoption of a prescribed development plan, allowing proactive data collection and impact assessment; and (3) establishment of a detailed, systematic approach for formulating and implementing adaptive policy measures.
Strategic Cost Management and Institutional Changes in Hospitals

Accounting research raises the concern that firms in the health care and defence contracting industries, when facing a dual payment system with both cost-based and fixed-rate payments, have an incentive to reallocate overhead costs through increasing inputs used in cost-based operations. However, prior literature reports contradictory empirical evidence regarding such real activity manipulation. Drawing on the institutional perspective, we hypothesise that firms' market power and interorganisational dependence affect their cost-management strategies and choice of overhead allocation in response to dual payment systems. Analysing the data of California hospitals from 1980 to 1991, we find that when facing a dual payment system, dominant (strong market position) hospitals adopt a cost-revenue-enhancing strategy, increasing direct costs for cost-based services without containing costs in fixed-rate services. In contrast, nondominant hospitals choose a cost-reduction strategy and improve operation efficiency on fixed-rate services. We also find that nondominant hospitals shift more overhead costs away from fixed-rate services to cost-based services by reclassifying the allocation bases across services; combining this cost shifting with the cost-reduction strategy, nondominant hospitals demonstrate the compliance with the regulation expectation of cost containment.