Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of ethanol on muscarinic receptor‐induced calcium responses in astroglia

The effects of ethanol on muscarinic receptor‐mediated calcium responses were investigated in individual primary rat astrocytes and human 132 1N1 astrocytoma cells using indo‐1/AM and image cytometry. After a 30‐min incubation, carbachol‐induced calcium responses were inhibited only at 100 or 250 mM ethanol. The effects of ethanol were more pronounced and occurred at lower concentrations with longer exposures, with significant inhibition seen at 10 mM following a 24‐hr incubation. Thapsigargin‐ and glutamate‐induced responses were unaffected by ethanol, indicating some selectivity in this inhibition. Upon removal of ethanol, inhibition of calcium responses persisted for up to 6–12 hr, with carbachol responses returning to control levels by 24 hr after washout. Ethanol exposure did not affect muscarinic‐receptor binding in astrocytoma cells, but inhibited carbachol‐induced IP3 formation. Inhibition of 3H‐thymidine incorporation by ethanol also persisted upon removal of the alcohol, with a time‐dependency similar to that of the calcium responses. These results indicate that ethanol inhibits muscarinic receptor‐induced calcium responses in astroglia in a concentration‐ and duration‐dependent manner. They also show that co‐incubation with ethanol is not necessary for this effect, suggesting that long‐term exposure to ethanol may modify, in a reversible manner, the coupling of muscarinic receptors with its effector. This effect of ethanol may play a role in ethanol's inhibition of carbachol‐induced thymidine incorporation. J. Neurosci. Res. 60:345–355, 2000 © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HolStep: A Machine Learning Dataset for Higher-order Logic Theorem Proving

Large computer-understandable proofs consist of millions of intermediate logical steps. The vast majority of such steps originate from manually selected and manually guided heuristics applied to intermediate goals. So far, machine learning has generally not been used to filter or generate these steps. In this paper, we introduce a new dataset based on Higher-Order Logic (HOL) proofs, for the purpose of developing new machine learning-based theorem-proving strategies. We make this dataset publicly available under the BSD license. We propose various machine learning tasks that can be performed on this dataset, and discuss their significance for theorem proving. We also benchmark a set of simple baseline machine learning models suited for the tasks (including logistic regression, convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks). The results of our baseline models show the promise of applying machine learning to HOL theorem proving.
High Ion/Ioff and low subthreshold slope planar-type InGaAs tunnel FETs with Zn-diffused source junctions

We have demonstrated the operation of high I<sub>on</sub>/I<sub>off</sub> and low subthreshold slope planar-type InGaAs Tunnel FETs with Zn-diffused source junctions. It has been found that the solid-phase Zn diffusion can form steep-profile and defect-less p<sup>+</sup>/n source junctions because of the inherent nature of Zn diffusion into InGaAs, which has significantly improved the TFET performance. The present devices have exhibited the record small S.S. of 64 mV/dec and large I<sub>on</sub>/I<sub>off</sub> ratio over10<sup>6</sup> as the planar-type III-V TFETs.
Comparative Study of Topological Indices of Macro/Supramolecular RNA Complex Networks

RNA function annotation is often based on alignment to a previously studied template. In contrast to the study of proteins, there are not many alignment-free methods to predict RNA functions if alignment fails. The use of topological indices (TIs) of RNA complex networks (CNs) to find quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) may be an alternative to incorporate secondary structure or sequence-to-sequence similarity. Here, we introduce new QSAR-like techniques using RNA macromolecular CNs (mmCNs), where nodes are nucleotides, or RNA supramolecular CNs (smCNs), where nodes are RNA sequences. We studied a data set of 198 sequences including 18S-rRNAs (important phylogenetic molecular biomarkers). We constructed three types of RNA mmCNs: sequence-linear (SL), Cartesian-lattice (CL), and sequence-folding CNs (SF-CNs) and two smCNs: sequence-sequence disagreement CN (SSD) and sequence-sequence similarity (SSS-smCN). We reported the first comparative QSAR study with all these CIs and CNs, which includes: (i) spectral moments ( ( i )micro d ( w)) of SL-mmCNs (accuracy = 75.3%), (ii) electrostatic CIs (xi d ) of CL-mmCNs (>90%), (iii) thermodynamic parameters (Delta G, Delta H, Delta S, and T m) of SF-mmCNs (64.7%), (iv) disagreement-distribution moments ( M k ) of the SSD-smCN (79.3%), and (v) node centralities of the SSD-smCN (78.0%). Furthermore, we reported the experimental isolation of a new RNA sequence from Psidum guajava leaf tissue and its QSAR and BLAST prediction to illustrate the practical use of these methods. We also investigated the use of these CNs to explore rRNA diversity on bacteria, plants, and parasites from the Dactylogyrus genus. The HPL-mmCNs model was the best of all found. All the CNs and TIs, except SF-mmCNs, were introduced here by the first time for the QSAR study of RNA, which allowed a comparative study for RNA classification.
The science of social vision

The human visual system is particularly attuned to and remarkably efficient at processing social cues. We can effectively "read" others' mental and emotional states and make snap judgments about their characters and dispositions, simply by watching them. Given what is clearly a close relationship between vision and social interaction, it has become increasingly clear to social psychologists seeking to better understand the functional and neuroanatomical mechanisms underlying social perception that vision plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of social exchange. Likewise, vision scientists have come to appreciate the profound impact people, as social agents, have had on the visual system, acknowledging just how important it is to consider the socially adaptive functions that system evolved to perform. The Science of Social Vision explores the biologically determined to the culturally shaped influences on social vision. Four themes emerge throughout the 25 chapters from leaders in the field. These include: 1) Visually mediated attention moderates complex social interactions and plays a critical role in the development of social cognition; 2) Visual features perceptually determine categorical thinking and have profound downstream consequences including stereotype activation; 3) Perceptual experiences can be directly triggered by visual cues, in which case, visual and social perception are essentially equivalent processes; 4) Social factors exert powerful top-down influences on even low-level visual perception, at some times biasing, while at others fine-tuning perceptual acuity. This book heralds the new field of social vision, and showcases the cutting edge and broadly interdisciplinary research that is currently at its forefront. Together the perspectives drawn from these various fields offer unique insight into the origin, adaptive purpose, and cognitive, cultural, and biological underpinnings of social vision that will help to shape and guide the way we think about and examine social visual perception. The Science of Social Vision will provide a valuable resource for students and scholars across a wide range of fields, including cognitive, developmental, and social psychology, vision science, cognitive neuroscience, social neuroscience, and ethology.
Bioavailability of vitamin C from kiwifruit in non-smoking males: determination of ‘healthy’ and ‘optimal’ intakes

Vitamin C is an essential nutrient in humans and must be obtained through the diet. The aim of this study was to determine vitamin C uptake in healthy volunteers after consuming kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. Hort. 16A), and to determine the amount of fruit required to raise plasma vitamin C to ‘healthy’ (i.e. >50 µmol/l) and ‘optimal’ or saturating levels (i.e. >70 µmol/l). Leucocyte and urinary vitamin C levels were also determined. A total of fifteen male university students with below average levels of plasma vitamin C were selected for the study. Weekly fasting blood samples were obtained for a 4-week lead-in period and following supplementation with, sequentially, half, one, two and three Gold kiwifruit per d for 4–6 weeks each, followed by a final 4-week washout period. The results showed that addition of as little as half a kiwifruit per d resulted in a significant increase in plasma vitamin C. However, one kiwifruit per d was required to reach what is considered healthy levels. Increasing the dose of kiwifruit to two per d resulted in further increases in plasma vitamin C levels as well as increased urinary output of the vitamin, indicating that plasma levels were saturating at this dosage. Dividing the participants into high and low vitamin C groups based on their baseline plasma and leucocyte vitamin C levels demonstrated that it is critical to obtain a study population with low initial levels of the vitamin in order to ascertain a consistent effect of supplementation.
A Multilevel study on the Contagion of Job Crafting between Coworkers and the Relationship between Job Crafting and Adaptivity.

This study of 55 dyads of coworkers working within the same unit examined the contagion of job crafting which, framed within the Job-Demands Resources Model, consists of three distinct behaviors: seeking challenges, seeking resources and reducing demands. We hypothesized that seeking resources, seeking challenges and reducing demands are transferred from one employee (partner) to the other (actor) on a daily basis. Moreover, job crafting was expected to positively relate to the coworkers’ daily adaptation to changes. Daily adaptation to changes was measured both by self-report and peer-report. Participants completed a general questionnaire and a daily survey over three workdays. The hypotheses regarding the contagion of job crafting were tested with multilevel analyses, using an actor-partner interdependence model. Results partly confirmed the contagion of job crafting for the dimension of seeking challenges. Moreover, day-level seeking resources and day-level seeking challenges were positively related to day-level team member adaptivity self-rated and day-level seeking resources was positively related to day-level team member adaptivity other-rated. These results imply that stimulating job crafting within organizations is valuable, because it spreads around and aids in the coworkers’ adaptivity to changes within their unit.
Optimization of biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas L. oil via alkali-catalyzed methanolysis

In this study, crude Jatropha curcas oil was used as feedstock for biodiesel production by alkali-catalyzed methanolysis. The reaction in the presence of NaOH as catalyst was carried out to investigate the optimum conditions and to study the effects of variables on the reaction. These variables included methanol-to-oil molar ratios of 4:1-10:1, catalyst concentrations of 0.25-2.0% w/w of oil, reaction temperatures of 32-60oC, and reaction times of 5-40 minutes. The methyl ester content in the product was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). The optimum conditions for Jatropha curcas biodiesel production were a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1, a catalyst concentration of 1.0% w/w of oil, a reaction temperature of 60°C, and a reaction time of 40 minutes. The methyl ester content under these optimum conditions was 98.6% w/w, and all of the measured properties of the Jatropha curcas biodiesel met the Thai biodiesel (B100) specifications and international standards EN 14214:2008 (E) and ASTM D 6751-07b, with the exception of lower oxidation stability. The results reveal that all of the reaction variables in this study had positive effects on the reaction.
Understanding and harnessing the microaerobic metabolism of glycerol in Escherichia coli

Given its availability, low prices, and high degree of reduction, glycerol has become an ideal feedstock for the production of reduced compounds. The anaerobic fermentation of glycerol by Escherichia coli could be an excellent platform for this purpose but it requires expensive nutrients such as tryptone and yeast extract. In this work, microaerobic conditions were used as a means of eliminating the need for rich nutrients. Availability of low amounts of oxygen enabled redox balance while preserving the ability to synthesize reduced products. A fermentation balance analysis showed ∼95% recovery of carbon and reducing equivalents. The pathways involved in glycerol dissimilation were identified using different genetic and biochemical approaches. Respiratory (GlpK‐GlpD/GlpABC) and fermentative (GldA‐DhaKLM) routes mediated the conversion of glycerol to glycolytic intermediates. Although pyruvate formate‐lyase (PFL) and pyruvate dehydrogenase contributed to the synthesis of acetyl‐CoA from pyruvate, most of the carbon flux proceeded through PFL. The pathways mediating the synthesis of acetate and ethanol were required for the efficient utilization of glycerol. The microaerobic metabolism of glycerol was harnessed by engineering strains for the co‐production of ethanol and hydrogen (EH05 [pZSKLMgldA]), and ethanol and formate (EF06 [pZSKLMgldA]). High ethanol yields were achieved by genetic manipulations that reduced the synthesis of by‐products succinate, acetate, and lactate. Co‐production of hydrogen required the use of acidic pH while formate co‐production was facilitated by inactivation of the enzyme formate‐hydrogen lyase. High rates of product synthesis were realized by overexpressing glycerol dehydrogenase (GldA) and dihydroxyacetone kinase (DhaKLM). Engineered strains efficiently produced ethanol and hydrogen and ethanol and formate from glycerol in a minimal medium without rich supplements. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 148–161. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Separation of the Geometric Current in Charge Pumping Measurement of Polycrystalline Si Thin-Film Transistors

In the charge pumping (CP) measurement of polycrystalline Si (poly-Si) thin-film transistors (TFTs), an experimental approach is developed to evaluate and separate the geometric current (Igeo) from the measured CP current based on a group of TFTs with different channel widths and fixed channel length. Along with the separation of Igeo, a new method is proposed to reliably characterize the trap state density of TFTs. Without the Igeo, the overestimation in CP measurement is avoided even for short CP pulse transition times. Moreover, critical transition time for the occurrence of geometry effect is determined, which agrees well with the prediction from a physical model of diffusion controlled carrier evacuation.
Growth Performance of Early Finishing Gilts as Affected by Different Net Energy Concentrations in Diets

The objectives of the current experiment were to study the response of the growth performance of early finishing gilts to different net energy (NE) concentrations in diets, and to compare the NE values of diets between calculated NE values and measured NE values using French and Dutch CVB (Centraal Veevoederbureau; Central Bureau for Livestock Feeding) NE systems. In a metabolism trail, the NE concentrations in five diets used for the growth trial were determined based on digestible nutrient concentrations, digestible energy, and metabolizable energy using a replicated 5×5 Latin square design with 10 barrows (initial body weight [BW], 39.2±2.2 kg). In a growth trial, a total of 60 early finishing gilts (Landrace×Yorkshire; initial BW, 47.7±3.5 kg) were allotted to five dietary treatments of 8.0, 9.0, 10.0, 11.0, and 12.0 MJ NE/kg (calculated, as-is basis) with 12 replicate pens and one pig per pen in a 42-d feeding experiment. The NE and amino acid (AA) concentrations in all diets were calculated based on the values from NRC (2012). Ratios between standardized ileal digestible AA and NE concentrations in all diets were closely maintained. Pigs were allowed ad libitum access to feed and water. Results indicated that calculated NE concentrations in diets (i.e., five dietary treatments) were close to measured NE concentrations using French NE system in diets. The final BW was increased (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) with increasing NE concentrations in diets. Furthermore, average daily gain (ADG) was increased (linear and quadratic, p<0.01) with increasing NE concentrations in diets. There was a quadratic relationship (p<0.01) between average daily feed intake and NE concentrations in diets. Feed efficiency (G:F) was also increased (linear, p<0.01) as NE concentrations in diets were increased. The NE intake per BW gain (kcal NE/kg of BWG) was increased (linear, p<0.01) with increasing NE concentrations in diets that were predicted from both French and Dutch CVB NE systems. Linear regression indicated that predictability of daily NE intake from the BW of pigs was very low for both French (R2, 0.366) and Dutch CVB (R2, 0.374) NE systems. In conclusion, increasing NE concentrations in diets increase BW, ADG, G:F, and NE intake per BW gain of early finishing gilts. The BW of early finishing gilts is not a good sole variable for the prediction of daily NE intake.
Structural Relationships between Highly Conserved Elements and Genes in Vertebrate Genomes

Large numbers of sequence elements have been identified to be highly conserved among vertebrate genomes. These highly conserved elements (HCEs) are often located in or around genes that are involved in transcription regulation and early development. They have been shown to be involved in cis-regulatory activities through both in vivo and additional computational studies. We have investigated the structural relationships between such elements and genes in six vertebrate genomes human, mouse, rat, chicken, zebrafish and tetraodon and detected several thousand cases of conserved HCE-gene associations, and also cases of HCEs with no common target genes. A few examples underscore the potential significance of our findings about several individual genes. We found that the conserved association between HCE/HCEs and gene/genes are not restricted to elements by their absolute distance on the genome. Notably, long-range associations were identified and the molecular functions of the associated genes do not show any particular overrepresentation of the functional categories previously reported. HCEs in close proximity are found to be linked with different set of gene/genes. The results reflect the highly complex correlation between HCEs and their putative target genes.
Skin-Derived Tenocyte-like Cells for the Treatment of Patellar Tendinopathy

Background: Recent research of lateral elbow tendinopathy has led to the use of laboratory-amplified tenocyte-like cells. Hypothesis: Ultrasound-guided injection of autologous skin-derived tendon-like cells are effective compared with other injectable therapies for the treatment of refractory patellar tendinosis. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: From 60 patellar tendons in 46 patients with refractory patellar tendinopathy, a 4-mm skin biopsy was sampled to grow tenocyte-like collagen-producing cells. Patients were allocated into 2 groups: (1) injection with laboratory-prepared, amplified collagen-producing cells derived from dermal fibroblasts and suspended in autologous plasma from centrifuged autologous whole blood or (2) injection with autologous plasma alone. Injections were made into the sites of hypoechogenicity, intrasubstance tears, and fibrillar discontinuity within the patellar tendon. The Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment (VISA) score was used to assess pain, severity, and functional disability. Ultrasound was performed to assess structural and blood flow changes, evaluating 4 criteria: tendon thickness, hypoechogenicity, intrasubstance tears, and neovascularity. Results: In the cell group, mean VISA scores improved from 44 ± 15 before treatment to 75 ± 17 at 6 months; in the plasma group, from 50 ± 18 to 70 ± 14. Estimated average difference between groups was 8.1, a significantly higher score in the cell group. Patients treated with collagen-producing cells also had significantly faster improvement and a highly significant effect of treatment, with the difference between groups estimated as 2.5 per unit increase in 1 / time . One patient treated with cell therapy had a late rupture and progressed to surgery; histopathology showed normal tendon structure. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided injection of autologous skin-derived tendon-like cells can be safely used in the short term to treat patellar tendinopathy, with faster response of treatment and significantly greater improvement in pain and function than with plasma alone.
The social psychology of leisure

The history of leisure leisure statistics - the effects of gender, age, class, retirement and unemployment the benefits of leisure social life with friends, family and leisure groups personality and socialization leisure motivation ten kinds of leisure - watching TV, music and radio, reading and study, hobbies, social life, sport and exercise, watching sport, religion, voluntary work, holidays and tourism the future of leisure.
The relationship between dissociation, susceptibility to doubt and obsessive-compulsiveness.

Objective : Dissociation has been suggested as a common experience amongst individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), yet this area has received limited research beyond demonstrating a relationship exists. The current study sought to generate new knowledge about how and why dissociation might occur within the context of OCD. Inferential Confusion (IC), an OCD specific style of reasoning resulting in obsessive doubts, was considered one promising line of enquiry. IC and dissociation both involve elements of engaging with one’s imagination. It was predicted that traits of dissociative absorption and detachment would be able to predict the extent to which individuals are susceptible to doubt through over investing in possibility-based information, and that this doubt in turn would be related to their degree of obsessive-compulsiveness (OC). Design: A quasi-experimental design was employed to elicit a measure of IC, through the online Inference Process Task (IPT). The IPT is a reasoning task designed to assess changes in levels of doubt. Further cross-sectional data was attained through online completion of self-report measures of OC, dissociative traits and depression. Participants: 114 non-clinical participants were recruited, 48 were classified as experiencing high OC, and 66 as experiencing low OC. Results: As expected, a positive relationship existed between OC and dissociative traits, with correlations ranging from r = . 23 to r = . 73. However dissociative traits were not found to predict susceptibility to doubt arising from possibility-based information. Contrary to expectation and previous studies, IC was not significantly correlated with OC (r = .08). Conclusion: It was concluded that dissociative traits had not played a significant role in IC. However, this conclusion should be generalised with caution as the results also suggested the IPT may not have reliably operationalised IC. Further replications of the current study would be beneficial, perhaps including an alternative measure of IC.
Kinect-based obstacle detection for manipulator

This paper presents a method to distinguish between obstacles and manipulator when they share the same workspace. Microsoft Kinect is used as a capturing device. A Kinect calibration method is explained. Furthermore, calibration between Kinect and the manipulator is addressed by iterative least-square method. 3D model of manipulator is generated using OpenGL library. Finally, the manipulator surface is deleted from the scene by intersection of data between the manipulator model and its corresponding point cloud.