Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Host adaptation to viruses relies on few genes with different cross-resistance properties

Significance Despite ample knowledge of the genetics and physiology of host responses to parasites, little is known about the genetic basis of host adaptation to parasites. Moreover, adaptation to one parasite is likely to impact the outcome of different infections. Yet these correlated responses, seminal to the understanding of host evolution in multiparasite environments, remain poorly studied. We determined the genetic and phenotypic changes underlying adaptation upon experimental evolution of a Drosophila melanogaster population under viral infection [Drosophila C virus (DCV)]. After 20 generations, selected flies showed increased survival upon infection with DCV and two other viruses. Using whole-genome sequencing and through RNAi, we identified and functionally validated three genes underlying the adaptive process and revealed their differential roles in the correlated responses observed. Host adaptation to one parasite may affect its response to others. However, the genetics of these direct and correlated responses remains poorly studied. The overlap between these responses is instrumental for the understanding of host evolution in multiparasite environments. We determined the genetic and phenotypic changes underlying adaptation of Drosophila melanogaster to Drosophila C virus (DCV). Within 20 generations, flies selected with DCV showed increased survival after DCV infection, but also after cricket paralysis virus (CrPV) and flock house virus (FHV) infection. Whole-genome sequencing identified two regions of significant differentiation among treatments, from which candidate genes were functionally tested with RNAi. Three genes were validated—pastrel, a known DCV-response gene, and two other loci, Ubc-E2H and CG8492. Knockdown of Ubc-E2H and pastrel also led to increased sensitivity to CrPV, whereas knockdown of CG8492 increased susceptibility to FHV infection. Therefore, Drosophila adaptation to DCV relies on few major genes, each with different cross-resistance properties, conferring host resistance to several parasites.
PENGARUH KOMPENSASI, GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN DAN STRES KERJA TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN DI RUMAH SAKIT DHARMA KERTI

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompensasi, gaya kepemimpinan dan stres kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan di Rumah Sakit Dharma Kerti Tabanan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada karyawan Rumah Sakit Dharma Kerti Tabanan. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 87 responden. pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh. Pengukuran data dilakukan dengan penyebaran kuesioner dengan menggunakan skala likert 5 poin. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kompensasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan, gaya kepemimpinan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan dan stres kerja berpengaruh negatif terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan. Rumah Sakit Dharma Kerti harus memberikan kompensasi yang sesuai dengan standar UMK Kabupaten Tabanan, pemimimpin juga harus mampu mengambil keputusan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan karyawan dan melakukan pembagian tugas dengan baik. Hal ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kepuasan kerja karyawan di Rumah Sakit Dharma Kerti Tabanan. ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of compensation, leadership style and job stress on employee job satisfaction in Dharma Kerti Tabanan Hospital. Research was conducted on employees Dharma Kerti Tabanan Hospital. Samples taken as many as 87 respondents. Sampling in this study using sampling techniques saturated. Measurement data is done by distributing questionnaires using 5-point Likert scale. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The results showed that the compensation positive and significant effect on employee job satisfaction, leadership style and significant positive effect on employee job satisfaction and job stress negatively affect employee job satisfaction. Hospital Dharma Kerti had to provide compensation in accordance with the standards of UMK Tabanan, Leaders should also be able to take decisions according to the needs of employees and do a good job sharing. It aims to improve employee job satisfaction in Dharma Kerti Tabanan Hospital.
Functional evidence for D‐serine inhibition of non‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate ionotropic glutamate receptors in retinal neurons

D‐Serine is an important signaling molecule throughout the central nervous system, acting as an N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor coagonist. This study investigated the D‐serine modulation of non‐NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptors expressed by inner retinal neurons. We first identified that the degradation of endogenous retinal D‐serine, by application of D‐amino acid oxidase, caused an enhancement of kainate‐ and α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazoleproprionic acid (AMPA) receptor‐mediated calcium responses from the ganglion cell layer of the isolated rat retina and light‐evoked responses obtained by multi‐electrode array recordings from the guinea pig retina. Approximately 30–45% of cells were endogenously inhibited by D‐serine, as suggested by the effect of D‐amino acid oxidase. Conversely, bath application of D‐serine caused a reduction in multi‐electrode array recorded responses and decreased kainate, but not potassium‐induced calcium responses, in a concentration‐dependent manner (IC50, 280 μm). Using cultured retinal ganglion cells to reduce network influences, D‐serine reduced kainate‐induced calcium responses and AMPA induced whole‐cell currents. Finally, the inhibitory effect of D‐serine on the kainate‐induced calcium response was abolished by IEM 1460, thereby identifying calcium‐permeable AMPA receptors as a potential target for D‐serine. To our knowledge, this is the first study to address specifically the effect of D‐serine on AMPA/kainate receptors in intact central nervous system tissue, to identify its effect on calcium permeable AMPA receptors and to report the endogenous inhibition of AMPA/kainate receptors.
Effects of changing climate on aquatic habitat and connectivity for remnant populations of a wide‐ranging frog species in an arid landscape

Abstract Amphibian species persisting in isolated streams and wetlands in desert environments can be susceptible to low connectivity, genetic isolation, and climate changes. We evaluated the past (1900–1930), recent (1981–2010), and future (2071–2100) climate suitability of the arid Great Basin (USA) for the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) and assessed whether changes in surface water may affect connectivity for remaining populations. We developed a predictive model of current climate suitability and used it to predict the historic and future distribution of suitable climates. We then modeled changes in surface water availability at each time period. Finally, we quantified connectivity among existing populations on the basis of hydrology and correlated it with interpopulation genetic distance. We found that the area of the Great Basin with suitable climate conditions has declined by approximately 49% over the last century and will likely continue to decline under future climate scenarios. Climate conditions at currently occupied locations have been relatively stable over the last century, which may explain persistence at these sites. However, future climates at these currently occupied locations are predicted to become warmer throughout the year and drier during the frog's activity period (May – September). Fall and winter precipitation may increase, but as rain instead of snow. Earlier runoff and lower summer base flows may reduce connectivity between neighboring populations, which is already limited. Many of these changes could have negative effects on remaining populations over the next 50–80 years, but milder winters, longer growing seasons, and wetter falls might positively affect survival and dispersal. Collectively, however, seasonal shifts in temperature, precipitation, and stream flow patterns could reduce habitat suitability and connectivity for frogs and possibly other aquatic species inhabiting streams in this arid region.
Emotional disorders: Cluster 4 of the proposed meta-structure for DSM-V and ICD-11

Background The extant major psychiatric classifications DSM-IV, and ICD-10, are atheoretical and largely descriptive. Although this achieves good reliability, the validity of a medical diagnosis would be greatly enhanced by an understanding of risk factors and clinical manifestations. In an effort to group mental disorders on the basis of aetiology, five clusters have been proposed. This paper considers the validity of the fourth cluster, emotional disorders, within that proposal. Method We reviewed the literature in relation to 11 validating criteria proposed by a Study Group of the DSM-V Task Force, as applied to the cluster of emotional disorders. Results An emotional cluster of disorders identified using the 11 validators is feasible. Negative affectivity is the defining feature of the emotional cluster. Although there are differences between disorders in the remaining validating criteria, there are similarities that support the feasibility of an emotional cluster. Strong intra-cluster co-morbidity may reflect the action of common risk factors and also shared higher-order symptom dimensions in these emotional disorders. Conclusion Emotional disorders meet many of the salient criteria proposed by the Study Group of the DSM-V Task Force to suggest a classification cluster.
Meta-Analysis: The Efficacy and Safety of Paricalcitol for the Treatment of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism and Proteinuria in Chronic Kidney Disease

Introduction. Previous studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of using Paricalcitol for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in patients on dialysis. The aim of the current meta-analysis was to assess the safety and efficacy of Paricalcitol for the management of SHPT in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) not yet on dialysis. A secondary aim was to determine if sufficient data was available to assess the effect of Paricalcitol for the management of proteinuria. Methods. A meta-analysis was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 4.2 software. Results. Paricalcitol is effective in lowering PTH in patients with CKD not yet on dialysis and is also effective in lowering proteinuria in diabetic CKD patients. However, we uncovered a safety signal identifying an elevated calcium phosphate product and a trend towards the development of hypercalcemia. A phosphate elevation was not demonstrated because the target used in the clinical studies was a P > 5.5 mg/dl, a value appropriate for dialysis patients and not CKD patients. Conclusion. Although Paricalcitol is effective in lowering PTH, we advise caution in the use of any active Vitamin D analogues in patients with CKD because of the potential risk of exacerbating vascular calcification.
A positron emission tomography study of the short-term maintenance of verbal information

Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to investigate the functional brain anatomy associated with the short-term maintenance of linguistic information. Subjects were asked to retain five related words, unrelated words, or pseudowords silently for the duration of a 40 sec PET scan. When brain activity during these short-term maintenance tasks was compared with a visual fixation control task, increases were found bilaterally in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and cerebellum, and medially in the supplementary motor area. Furthermore, effects of stimulus condition and recall performance were found in the left frontal operculum. To investigate the role of articulatory systems in the maintenance of verbal information, regional activation was compared across the maintenance tasks and a covert articulation task (silent counting). The cerebellum was active in both task conditions, whereas activation in prefrontal regions was specific to the maintenance condition. Conversely, greater activation was found in a left middle insular region in the silent counting than in the maintenance tasks. Based on converging results in this and previous studies, dorsolateral prefrontal cortical areas appear to contribute to the maintenance of both verbal and nonverbal information, whereas left frontal opercular regions appear to be involved specifically in the rehearsal of verbal material. Contrary to results found in other studies of working memory, activation was not found in the inferior parietal cortex, suggesting that this area is involved in aspects of stimulus encoding and retrieval, which were minimized in the present study.
Optimal integration of photometric and geometric surface measurements using inaccurate reflectance/illumination knowledge

In this paper, we present a method for accurately estimating the shape of an object by integrating the surface orientation measured by photometric stereo and the position measured by some range-measuring method. We first show that even if the knowledge of the reflectance/illumination is inaccurate, the first derivatives of the photometrically measured orientation can be accurately estimated at the surface points where they have small values. We propose a probabilistic framework to quantitate the (in)accuracy of the knowledge and connect it to the estimation accuracy of these derivatives. Based on this framework, we consider optimally integrating the surface orientation and position to obtain the object shape with higher accuracy. The integration reduces to an optimization problem, and it is efficiently solved by belief propagation. We present several experimental results showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Higher order hierarchical Legendre basis functions for electromagnetic modeling

This paper presents a new hierarchical basis of arbitrary order for integral equations solved with the method of moments (MoM). The basis is derived from orthogonal Legendre polynomials which are modified to impose continuity of vector quantities between neighboring elements while maintaining most of their desirable features. Expressions are presented for wire, surface, and volume elements but emphasis is given to the surface elements. In this case, the new hierarchical basis leads to a near-orthogonal expansion of the unknown surface current and implicitly an orthogonal expansion of the surface charge. In addition, all higher order terms in the expansion have two vanishing moments. In contrast to existing formulations, these properties allow the use of very high-order basis functions without introducing ill-conditioning of the resulting MoM matrix. Numerical results confirm that the condition number of the MoM matrix obtained with this new basis is much lower than existing higher order interpolatory and hierarchical basis functions. As a consequence of the excellent condition numbers, we demonstrate that even very high-order MoM systems, e.g., tenth order, can be solved efficiently with an iterative solver in relatively few iterations.
A scan conversion algorithm with reduced storage requirements

Most graphics systems using a raster scan output device (CRT or hardcopy) maintain a display file in the XY or random scan format. Scan converters, hardware or software, must be provided to translate the picture description from the XY format to the raster format. Published scan conversion algorithms which are fast will reserve a buffer area large enough to accommodate the entire screen. On the other hand, those which use a small buffer area are slow because they require multiple passes through the XY display file. The scan conversion algorithm described here uses a linked list data structure to process the lines of the drawing in strips corresponding to groups of scan lines. A relatively small primary memory buffer area is used to accumulate the binary image for a group of scan lines. When this portion of the drawing has been plotted, the buffer is reused for the next portion. Because of the list processing procedures used, only a single pass through the XY display file is required when generating the binary image and only a slight increase in execution time over the fully buffered core results. Results show that storage requirements can be reduced by more than 80 percent while causing less than a 10 percent increase in execution time.
A Least Angle Regression Model for the Prediction of Canonical and Non-Canonical miRNA-mRNA Interactions

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs with regulatory functions in various biological processes including cell differentiation, development and oncogenic transformation. They can bind to mRNA transcripts of protein-coding genes and repress their translation or lead to mRNA degradation. Conversely, the transcription of miRNAs is regulated by proteins including transcription factors, co-factors, and messenger molecules in signaling pathways, yielding a bidirectional regulatory network of gene and miRNA expression. We describe here a least angle regression approach for uncovering the functional interplay of gene and miRNA regulation based on paired gene and miRNA expression profiles. First, we show that gene expression profiles can indeed be reconstructed from the expression profiles of miRNAs predicted to be regulating the specific gene. Second, we propose a two-step model where in the first step, sequence information is used to constrain the possible set of regulating miRNAs and in the second step, this constraint is relaxed to find regulating miRNAs that do not rely on perfect seed binding. Finally, a bidirectional network comprised of miRNAs regulating genes and genes regulating miRNAs is built from our previous regulatory predictions. After applying the method to a human cancer cell line data set, an analysis of the underlying network reveals miRNAs known to be associated with cancer when dysregulated are predictors of genes with functions in apoptosis. Among the predicted and newly identified targets that lack a classical miRNA seed binding site of a specific oncomir, miR-19b-1, we found an over-representation of genes with functions in apoptosis, which is in accordance with the previous finding that this miRNA is the key oncogenic factor in the mir-17-92 cluster. In addition, we found genes involved in DNA recombination and repair that underline its importance in maintaining the integrity of the cell.
Was There Front Running During the Ltcm Crisis?

This paper uses a unique dataset of audit trail transactions to examine the trading behavior of market makers in the Treasury bond futures market when Long-Term Capital Management (LTCM) faced binding margin constraints in 1998. Although identities are concealed in the dataset, I find strong evidence that during the crisis market makers in the aggregate engaged in front running against customer orders from a particular clearing firm (coded "PI7") that closely match various features of LTCM's trades through Bear Stearns. That is, market makers traded on their own accounts in the same direction as PI7 customers did, but one or two minutes beforehand. Furthermore, a significant percentage of market makers made abnormal profits on most of the trading days during the crisis. Their aggregate abnormal profits, however, were more than offset by abnormal losses realized after the private sector recapitalization of LTCM. Moreover, I show that before the rescue, a market maker's cumulative abnormal profit was positively correlated both to her tie as contra party with PI7 and to the intensity of her front running, but these relationships turned negative after the rescue. The overall evidence suggests that the recapitalization plan effectively relaxed LTCM's binding constraints and therefore reversed the profitability of front running.
Entering and exiting behaviour of the phlebotomine sand fly Lutzomyia longiflocosa (Diptera: Psychodidae) in rural houses of the sub-Andean region of Colombia

The present study identified the entering and exiting sites for Lutzomyia longiflocosa in rural houses of the sub-Andean region in Colombia. Entering sites were identified with sticky traps set up outside the bedrooms, around the eave openings, and with cage traps enclosing the slits in the doors and windows inside the bedrooms. Exiting sites were identified by releasing groups of females indoors. These females were blood fed and marked with fluorescent powders. Females were recaptured with the trap placement described above but set up on the opposite sides of the openings. In the entering experiment, a significantly higher number of females were captured in the sticky traps at the zone nearest the eave openings (n = 142) than those captured in the other zones of the trap (n = 52); similarly, a higher number of females were captured on the front side of the house (n = 105) than at the rear side (n = 37). Only two females were collected in the cage trap. In the exiting experiment, at the ceiling, the highest percentage (86.2%) of females was recaptured with sticky traps nearest the eave openings and on the front side of the house (70.0%). Seven females were collected in the cage trap. Lu. longiflocosa entered and exited houses primarily through the eave openings in a non-random pattern in relation to the sides of the house.
Find the word that does not belong: A Framework for an Intrinsic Evaluation of Word Vector Representations

We present a new framework for an intrinsic evaluation of word vector representations based on the outlier detection task. This task is intended to test the capability of vector space models to create semantic clusters in the space. We carried out a pilot study building a gold standard dataset and the results revealed two important features: human performance on the task is extremely high compared to the standard word similarity task, and stateof- the-art word embedding models, whose current shortcomings were highlighted as part of the evaluation, still have considerable room for improvement.
Quantum Isometry Groups of 0- Dimensional Manifolds

Quantum isometry groups of spectral triples associated with approximately finite-dimensional C*-algebras are shown to arise as inductive limits of quantum symmetry groups of corresponding truncated Bratteli diagrams. This is used to determine explicitly the quantum isometry group of the natural spectral triple on the algebra of continuous functions on the middlethird Cantor set. It is also shown that the quantum symmetry groups of finite graphs or metric spaces coincide with the quantum isometry groups of the corresponding classical objects equipped with natural Laplacians.
Log-value estimation of random variable following generalized gamma distribution in wireless communications

In this paper, start from the m-dimensional homogeneous Poisson Point Process (HPPP), we present a closed form expression for the log-value estimation of a random variable which follows generalized gamma distribution (ggd). Numerical results are provided to show the correctness of proposed closed form. The proposed closed form can be applied to the calculations of signal strength and Shannon channel capacity of the random network which follows HPPP. Furthermore, our study can be extended to other studies of wireless communication. Here, we apply our proposed closed form to the fading figure estimation of Nakagami fading channel. Simulation results show our proposed estimator is comparable to other popular estimators.