Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systematic Review and Indirect Treatment Comparison of Dabrafenib and Trametinib versus Other Treatments Used in Previously Untreated Metastatic Melanoma Patients

Objectives: A systematic literature review was undertaken with quantitative analysis, including meta-analysis and Bucher-adjusted indirect treatment comparisons (ITCs), to evaluate efficacy, safety, and tolerability of dabrafenib and trametinib monotherapy versus other first-line metastatic melanoma (MM) treatments. Methods: Embase®, MEDLINE®, CCTR, and key conferences were searched through October 2012 for relevant randomized controlled trials. Using a random-effects network meta-analysis, dabrafenib and trametinib were compared directly versus dacarbazine (DTIC) and indirectly versus ipilimumab plus DTIC, temozolomide, and vemurafenib. A Rank Preserving Structural Failure Time Method was used to adjust overall survival (OS) estimates in studies that allowed treatment crossover upon progression. Results: Forty-eight studies (147 publications) met the inclusion criteria; five (2462 patients) contributed to the meta-analysis. Both dabrafenib and trametinib showed a significant reduction in risk of progression directly versus DTIC and indirectly versus ipilimumab plus DTIC and temozolomide; comparable progression-free survival (PFS) indirectly versus vemurafenib; and lower risk of death directly versus DTIC and indirectly versus ipilimumab plus DTIC and vemurafenib (not significant). Dabrafenib demonstrated a significantly reduced risk of treatment discontinuations (due to any cause and to adverse events [AEs]), significantly fewer grade 3/4 AEs versus ipilimumab plus DTIC, and a significantly lower risk of grade 3/4 hematologic AEs (leukopenia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia) versus temozolomide. Dabrafenib showed significantly fewer dose interruptions/modifications (risk ratio [RR]=0.18; 95% CI=0.12–0.28; p<0.001) and a significantly lower incidence of photosensitivity (RR=0.05; 95% CI=0.01–0.19; p<0.001) versus vemurafenib. Conclusions: ITCs of dabrafenib or trametinib in treatment-naive MM patients showed significantly better PFS directly versus DTIC and indirectly versus ipilimumab plus DTIC and temozolomide, with efficacy comparable with that of vemurafenib. Dabrafenib showed important differences in tolerability and safety versus vemurafenib. Results require cautious interpretation given methodological assumptions and immature OS data for dabrafenib and trametinib. Head-to-head studies remain the gold standard for comparing treatments.
FGF-dependent midline-derived progenitor cells in hypothalamic infundibular development

The infundibulum links the nervous and endocrine systems, serving as a crucial integrating centre for body homeostasis. Here we describe that the chick infundibulum derives from two subsets of anterior ventral midline cells. One set remains at the ventral midline and forms the posterior-ventral infundibulum. A second set migrates laterally, forming a collar around the midline. We show that collar cells are composed of Fgf3+ SOX3+ proliferating progenitors, the induction of which is SHH dependent, but the maintenance of which requires FGF signalling. Collar cells proliferate late into embryogenesis, can generate neurospheres that passage extensively, and differentiate to distinct fates, including hypothalamic neuronal fates and Fgf10+ anterior-dorsal infundibular cells. Together, our study shows that a subset of anterior floor plate-like cells gives rise to Fgf3+ SOX3+ progenitor cells, demonstrates a dual origin of infundibular cells and reveals a crucial role for FGF signalling in governing extended infundibular growth.
The Impact of Competency Statements on Résumés for Short‐listing Decisions

Sixty-two managers and human resource consultants rated a series of genuine resumes with covering letters. The resumes were manipulated to contain varying amounts of information about the candidate’s knowledge, skills and abilities (competency statements). This information appeared at different locations in the resume and covering letter. In addition, half the managers were provided with extra job requirement details beyond the job advertisement. Managers rated the candidate resumes for candidate suitability, decision to interview and overall ranking. The inclusion of competency statements resulted in higher manager ratings. However, the location of the competency statements did not influence ratings given to resumes. Further, the extra information provided to managers did not influence their ratings. The results replicate and extend an earlier study by Earl, Bright and Adams (1998) and challenge the idea that selection decisions are largely based on the notion of applicant fit. The results suggest that the inclusion on the resume of statements that address job competencies even in a general fashion will boost an applicant’s chances of being short-listed.
Modeling risk in the dynamic environment of maritime transportation

The Washington State Ferries are one of the largest ferry systems in the world. Accidents involving Washington State Ferries are rare events. However, low probability, high consequence events lead to difficulties in the risk assessment process. Due to the infrequent occurrence of such accidents, large accident databases are not available for a standard statistical analysis of the contribution of perceived risk factors to accident risk. In the WSF Risk Assessment, a modeling approach that combined system simulation, expert judgement and available data was used to estimate the contribution of risk factors to accident risk. Simulation is necessary to capture the dynamic environment of changing risk factors, such as traffic interactions, visibility or wind conditions, and to evaluate future scenarios that are designed to alter this dynamic behavior for the purposes of risk reduction or improved passenger service. The paper describes the simulation component of the model used in the Washington State Ferries Risk Assessment.
Wound healing after operations of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

1. The incidence of failure of wound healing by primary intention due to infection, haematoma and gaping of wound edges, has been compared in 100 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in 100 matched controls following a variety of orthopaedic operations. 2. There were thirty-one cases of failure of wound healing in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis and sixteen in the controls (P 3. The problems of wound healing were minor since there was no difference in the mean number of days ±1 standard deviation to wound healing between the patients: l6·6±7·5 days; and the controls: 15·2±7·9 days. 4. There was no correlation between duration or severity of rheumatoid disease and wound healing. 5. There was no difference in wound healing between patients with sero-positive and seronegative disease. 6. Forty-nine patients received corticosteroid therapy in small dosage. This was associated with an increased incidence of wound infection. Treatment for more than three years was associated with a significant increase in the mean number of days to wound healing. 7. The results are discussed in the light of the increased incidence of infection in several sites in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and of the effect of corticosteroid therapy on wound healing in man and experimental animals. It is suggested that more marked abnormalities might have been expected, and that these findings may need to be considered in the future surgical management of such patients.
Antinociceptive potentiation of pethidine (demerol) by clomipramine in the late phase of formalin test in mice

Background Pethidine, an opioid analgesic is used for pain management. Clomipramine a tricyclic antidepressant primarily used for mood management is also used to treat pain. The objective of this study was to investigate the potentiation of the analgesic effects of sub-threshold dose of pethidine by a tricyclic antidepressant, clomipramine. Methods The antinociceptive activities of clomipramine and pethidine alone and in combination were investigated in Swiss albino mice using the formalin test. Normal saline was employed as the control. Ten animals were used in each experiment. Results Pethidine 5mg / kg failed to cause any significant effect while the 6.25, 7.5, 8.75 and 10.0mg /kg showed highly significant antinociceptive effect (p< 0.01) compared to the controls in the late phase of formalin test. Clomipramine 0.5 mg / kg did not show any significant effect while 0.75 mg / kg caused a significant effect (p< 0.05) while 1.00 and 1.25mg /kg caused a very highly significant antinociceptive effect (p< 0.001) in the late phase of formalin test compared to the vehicle treated animals. The combination of pethidine 5mg / kg and clomipramine 0.75mg / kg caused a highly significant antinociceptive effect (P<0.01) in the late phase of formalin test. Conclusion This study demonstrates a marked reduction in the time spent in pain behaviour produced by the combination of low dose pethidine and clomipramine in the late phase of formalin test. The findings demonstrate the potentiation of a narcotic analgesic by a tricyclic antidepressant.
Efficiency Gains for Rheumatology Consultation Using a Novel Electronic Referral System in a Safety‐Net Health Setting

Health information technology (HIT) holds promise in increasing access to rheumatologists by improving the quality and efficiency of referrals, but few studies have examined its use for this purpose. We evaluated the use and impact of a novel electronic referral (eReferral) system in rheumatology in a safety‐net health system.
Delinquency and accidents in children

Several studies suggest that conduct disorders and health endangering behaviors tend to co–occur. A recent review reported that conduct problems, such as delinquent behavior and aggression, were associated with (1) health endangering behaviors, such as risky traffic behavior, substance use (alcohol abuse, smoking, and drug use), self–medication, unsafe sex, unhealthy diet, lack of physical exercise, suicidal behavior, and (2) problems behaviors, such as gambling, truancy, and dropping out of school (Junger & Dekovic, in press). This co–occurrence suggests that, at least in part, a common etiological process is underlying these various forms of behavior (Baumeister, Heatherton, & Tice, 1994; Durlak, 1997; Durlak & Wells, 1997; Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990; Logue, 1995; Mischel, Shoda, & Rodriguez, 1992; Repetti, Taylor, & Seeman, 2002). In this line of thinking, conduct problems, problem behavior, and health endangering behavior are all, to some extent, the product of common causal processes.
Genes, Parental Psychiatric Symptoms and Child Emotional Problems: Nurture versus Nature: There and Back Again

Background: Although relations of various parental psychological problems and family functioning with child development are well documented, it remains unclear whether specific prenatal or specific postnatal risk factors are independently associated with child emotional and behavioural problems, or whether observed associations can be explained by general parental psychopathology. Using a stepwise approach, we examined the effects of prenatal and postnatal parental depressive symptoms, prenatal and postnatal hostility of the parents, as well as prenatal family functioning on the risk of child emotional and behavioural problems. methods: This study was embedded in Generation R: a population-based cohort from fetal life onwards. Mothers and fathers of 2698 children provided information about depressive symptoms, symptoms of hostility and family functioning during pregnancy and 3 years after birth. Mother and father each reported on child behaviour when the child was 3 years old. results: Parental depressive symptoms increased the risk of child emotional and behavioural problems, but this increase was explained by postnatal parental hostile behaviour. Postnatal symptoms of hostility of mothers (OR = 1.34, p value <0.001) and postnatal symptoms of hostility of fathers (OR = 1.30, p value <0.001) each contributed independently to the risk of child emotional and behavioural problems. Conclusions: Postnatal parental hostility is associated with an increased risk of child emotional and behavioural problems, independent of parental depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that prevention and intervention strategies should focus on psychological symptoms of both mothers and fathers, in particular on hostile behaviour, in families with young children. Prenatal and postnatal psychological symptoms 21
Islam and Islamic Extremism: An Existential Analysis

Islam, like all religions, offers solutions to existential anxieties. This article provides a timely analysis of Islamic mainstream and extremist doctrinal and ritualistic structures through an existential lens to gain an understanding of the psychological underpinnings of Islamic extremism. It is shown that Islam offers an interlocking tradeoff among the ultimate concerns of meaning, freedom, and death in addition to individual solutions for each. It is argued that this container for holding existential anxiety is under assault by modernization and that the resultant psychic pressure is at the core of the psychology of Islamic extremist organizations. The work of Tillich, Yalom, May, and others provides the existential lens through which Islamic doctrines and practices, both mainstream and extremist, are examined.
Recent Chemotherapy Reduces the Maximum-Standardized Uptake Value of 18F-Fluoro-Deoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Colorectal Cancer

Background/Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of recent chemotherapy on the patterns of the maximum-standardized uptake value (M-SUV) and sensitivity of 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) in colorectal cancer. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the FDG-PET/CT of 509 patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer. Subgroup analysis was performed according to chemotherapy status; 401 patients were not treated with chemotherapy and 108 patients were treated with chemotherapy within 6 months prior to surgery. Pathologic analysis of the surgical specimen was used as the gold standard. Results The M-SUV was significantly lower in patients treated with chemotherapy than in those not treated with chemotherapy in pathologically confirmed same stages of disease. The difference in the sensitivity of the M-SUV according to chemotherapy status was greatest using a cutoff M-SUV value of 6.4 (p<0.001). The longest diameter of the primary tumor was the most important factor that correlated with M-SUV of the primary tumor irrespective of the chemotherapy effect (p<0.001). The M-SUV of the primary tumor was not an independent predictor of lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer. Conclusions The results indicate that the M-SUV of FDG-PET/CT should be interpreted in the context of concurrent chemotherapy.
The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults.

BACKGROUND Limited data have suggested that sleep-disordered breathing, a condition of repeated episodes of apnea and hypopnea during sleep, is prevalent among adults. Data from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study, a longitudinal study of the natural history of cardiopulmonary disorders of sleep, were used to estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed sleep-disordered breathing among adults and address its importance to the public health. METHODS A random sample of 602 employed men and women 30 to 60 years old were studied by overnight polysomnography to determine the frequency of episodes of apnea and hypopnea per hour of sleep (the apnea-hypopnea score). We measured the age- and sex-specific prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in this group using three cutoff points for the apnea-hypopnea score (> or = 5, > or = 10, and > or = 15); we used logistic regression to investigate risk factors. RESULTS The estimated prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing, defined as an apnea-hypopnea score of 5 or higher, was 9 percent for women and 24 percent for men. We estimated that 2 percent of women and 4 percent of men in the middle-aged work force meet the minimal diagnostic criteria for the sleep apnea syndrome (an apnea-hypopnea score of 5 or higher and daytime hypersomnolence). Male sex and obesity were strongly associated with the presence of sleep-disordered breathing. Habitual snorers, both men and women, tended to have a higher prevalence of apnea-hypopnea scores of 15 or higher. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of undiagnosed sleep-disordered breathing is high among men and is much higher than previously suspected among women. Undiagnosed sleep-disordered breathing is associated with daytime hypersomnolence.
THE FUNCTION OF THE HEART IN ENDOMYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS OF THE RIGHT VENTRICLE

Endomyocardial fibrosis is a common heart disease among the indigenous peoples of many of the tropical African countries. The morbid anatomical findings have been described in detail by Davies and Ball (1955) so that only the fundamental features require comment here. The initial lesion seems to be in the endocardium at the apex of either or both ventricles. Thence the fibrotic process spreads up the ventricular wall and the cavity ofthe ventricle is slowly obliterated from below. At the same time the papillary muscles become anchored in the bed of fibrous tissue: later the chorde tendinee and finally even the cusps of the atrio-ventricular valves are enmeshed as the fibrosis progresses, so that valvular incompetence results (Fig. 1). The fibrotic endocardium becomes rigid so that diastolic filling of the ventricle is restricted and the deformed atrioventricular valve allows blood to regurgitate. The inevitable changes in the function of the heart are more dramatic, and are easier to study, on the low pressure right side of the heart. The clinical features of established right ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis have been described elsewhere by one of us (Abrahams, 1962), when some preliminary observations on cardiac output both at rest and after effort were reported. We report here the results of more detailed hemodynamic studies of these deformed hearts and we have also compared our findings with published reports of patients with impaired diastolic filling of the ventricle from other causes.
Incidence and prognosis of non‐metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) among different races in Southeast Asia

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) carries a worse prognosis compared to the other subtypes. There have been conflicting studies that race may impact the prognosis of TNBC patients. We aim to determine the incidence and prognosis of TNBC among the different ethnic races in Singapore, and to determine its associated risk factors for prognosis.
A Dynamic Biomechanical Model of the Hand and Arm in Pistol Grip Power Hand Tool Use

Torque build-up during power hand tool operation constitutes a relatively short period of time, but its influence on muscle exertion is most significant due to repeated exposure to relatively high reaction forces. This study considers the dynamic nature of the human power hand tool operator as a single degree of freedom mechanical system. The hand is therefore represented as mass, spring and damping elements. These are dependent upon the posture used and the individual operator. An apparatus was used to obtain these elements by measuring the vibration frequency and amplitude change after an initial disturbance. Twenty-five subjects participated in the experiment. A repeated measures full factorial experiment tested the effects of gender, horizontal distance (30, 60, and 90 cm), and vertical distance (55, 93, 142, and 190 cm) on the three passive elements in the model for a pistol grip handle. The result shows that stiffness and mass moment of inertia changed by 20.6% and 44.5% respectively with vertical location (p<.01), and 23.6% and 41.2% respectively with horizontal location (p<.01). Mass moment of inertia and damping changed by 31.1% and 38.5% respectively with gender (p<.01). The handle displacement and hand force during torque build-up was calculated based on this model. The model was validated by having five subjects operate an actual power hand tool and by measuring tool displacement using an OptoTrak motion analysis system. The model predictions were correlated with these measurements (R=.88).
La universidad española suaviza las diferencias de clase en la inserción laboral

Este articulo analiza el papel del origen social en la insercion laboral de las personas graduadas en Espana entre los anos 1999 y 2002. En otros estudios se ha observado que el origen social tiene un bajo nivel de influencia en la insercion laboral de las personas graduadas en Cataluna y aqui abordamos este impacto a nivel estatal. A partir de los datos disponibles en la Encuesta de Condiciones de Vida de 2005, observamos el efecto del origen social controlado por factores personales y ocupacionales mediante la regresion logistica binaria simple utilizando el salario percibido por hora como variable dependiente. Se realiza el mismo analisis para el resto de la poblacion con el fin de disponer de una muestra de comparacion. Si bien el origen social es evidente e importante para el conjunto de la poblacion, no pasa lo mismo con las personas graduadas, dado que su origen social no representa un factor de discriminacion del salario percibido tras la salida de la universidad: solo el sexo y la propia ocupacion introducen variabilidad en los ingresos. Concluimos que, analizado desde el punto de vista de la insercion laboral, el paso por la universidad suaviza las diferencias de clase al poco tiempo de que los universitarios se hayan graduado. Asimismo, se apunta la necesidad de realizar en un futuro un analisis similar incluyendo factores adicionales, como la titulacion, y tambien contemplar un espacio temporal mayor entre la graduacion y el ano de la insercion laboral para constatar si los hallazgos se mantienen. Tambien es necesario que otros analisis profundicen en los resultados encontrados para explorar la relacion entre origen social e insercion laboral de las personas graduadas, a la luz de las grandes transformaciones a las que esta expuesta nuestra sociedad en general y la universidad en particular.
Suppressive oligodeoxynucleotides delay the onset of glomerulonephritis and prolong survival in lupus-prone NZB x NZW mice.

OBJECTIVE Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) expressing TTAGGG motifs suppress the production of proinflammatory cytokines and have been proven effective at blocking the development of certain organ-specific autoimmune diseases. We undertook this study to determine whether suppressive ODN alter the development of systemic autoimmunity, by evaluating their effect on the progression of lupus-like disease in NZB x NZW (NZB/NZW) mice. METHODS We repeatedly treated mice with suppressive ODN before or after the onset of proteinuria. We monitored the effect of treatment on the onset, severity, and immunologic correlates of disease. RESULTS Treatment with suppressive ODN significantly prolonged lifespan while delaying the onset and progression of glomerulonephritis in NZB/NZW mice. Clinical improvement was accompanied by a significant reduction in anti-double-stranded DNA autoantibody production and by significantly reduced secretion of interferon-gamma and interleukin-12 in vivo. CONCLUSION Suppressive ODN may be of benefit in the treatment of chronic systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus.