Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Situated information systems: supporting routine activity in organisations

We argue that the traditional approach to information system design, which has become crystallised in widely promulgated Information Engineering Methodologies, is informed by a particular theory of human goal-directed action which emphasises mental representation and deliberation. This theory of action has recently been criticised for its inability to explain the fluid, unreflective, real-time action characteristic of skilled routine activity. An alternative theory stressing action as a direct response to situations in structured environments has emerged. This paper reports our attempts to theorise an alternative "situated information systems" conception, and to embody it in an analysis and design methodology based explicitly on this situational theory of action. A methodology based on an authentic theory of routine action is likely to produce systems that are more effective in organisational settings where work is complex but largely routine.
Balancing Profession, Family and Cultural Norms by Women Dentists in Pakistan

“Feminization of dentistry” in Pakistan is clearly visible in the gender distribution of an average dental class that boasts of 70% - 80% female students. Yet after graduation, many of these women choose not to pursue their careers, resulting in a void of practicing dentists in the country, despite an exponential increase in private sector dental colleges. This phenomenological designed qualitative study aimed to investigate the reasons behind this dynamic. Fourteen in-depth interviews’ and two focus groups’ discussion from a rich and diverse sample of 20 purposively selected working and non-working, younger and older women dentists from the cities of Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Lahore, Peshawar and Abbottabad obtained data to achieve saturation. All interviews were audio recorded with consent, transcribed verbatim, transcripts analyzed and coded into themes and sub-themes. Respondent validation and investigator triangulation ensured validity and credibility of findings. The core finding is that a support system is an essential pre-requisite facilitating a woman dentist to pursue her career; the primary driver for this support is “economic need”. This core factor circuitously interlinks three peripheral themes, which are 1) traditional gender roles dominate, restricting women dentists from pursuance of career, especially if they have a strong economic base; 2) becoming a dentist enhances social capital and lucrative marriage prospects, lending to the concept of “doctor brides” which becomes a prime reason for choosing this education. Practicing the profession becomes secondary, especially when the marital union is with a well-to-do family; 3) life stage priorities with respect to motherhood is a barrier to full time career pursuance and if economic needs are met, most prioritize motherhood over profession. In conclusion, the average graduating dentist is female, from an expensive private sector dental college, affordable by the socio-economically privileged class; she often marries into an equivalent or higher SES class based on her “doctor” title. Since “economic need” is a dominant determinant of pursuance of career, a majority of women dentists opt for the luxury of choosing not to work. Recommendations include revision of policies for admission into dental colleges and retentive protocols on renewal of license to practice.
Structural Ambiguity and Conceptual Information Retrieval

Many researches found lexical preferences to be critical in resolving attachment ambiguity [WFB 90][FBK 82][ MP 80]. Most notably, information from Verb-Obj-Prep-Noun structures (VOPN) has been used to show that LA is very effective in the resolution of PP-attachment ambiguity [HR 93]. We investigated extensions to the lexical association strategy. The extensions include using conceptual association and acquiring the association information from different kind of lexical relations not limited to relations in VOPN structures. We refer to this approach as DeepAttach. Thus, it is possible to take information from all kinds of syntactical structures as long as they are alternations of a common deep structure [PU93] related to that implied by the intended attachment. A collection of sense-disambiguated sentences serves as the source of conceptual relations. No pre-processing is done to find the conceptual relations in these sentences. Instead, information retrieval technique is used to retrieve conceptually most relevant sentences using the words from the ambiguous structure as query. The prepositional phrase is then attached in favor of the constituent that has more conceptual presence in the ranked retrieved sentences. An experiment was implemented to embody the idea. The result shows that 75% of PP's in 260 VOPN structures can be attached correctly, when simple lexical relevance was considered.
Profiles of service utilization and the resultant economic impact in preschoolers with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

OBJECTIVE To examine whether preschool children with Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) utilize more speech and language therapy (ST), occupational therapy (OT), and physical therapy (PT) services and are more likely to be placed in special education (SPED) classrooms as compared to their peers. Corresponding financial consequences were also examined. METHODS The amount of ST, OT, and PT, as well as SPED placements, was examined in 3- and 4-year-old children with and without ADHD (n = 109 and n = 97, respectively) during the baseline portion of an ongoing, 5-year longitudinal study. Costs for individual services and aggregate cost were determined per child and compared across groups. RESULTS Preschool children with ADHD were more likely to receive individual and multiple services. Higher rates of service utilization translated into increased costs for each individual service with the exception of PT. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive understanding of service utilization in the early years of development is important in addressing the increased service use in the preschool years and assist in guiding allocation of resources.
Mind-Fun Study: Feasibility of Square-stepping exercise in assisted living homes

We proposed Square-stepping exercise (SSE) as a novel intervention in continuum care (CC) and long-term care (LTC) homes and conducted a pilot cluster randomized trial [2 SSE sites (2x/wk for 12-weeks) and 2 control sites]. Primary aim: to determine the feasibility of SSE via recruitment, attendance, and program fidelity. At baseline (V0) and post-intervention (V1) we assessed: cognition (Cambridge Brain Sciences), and mood and behaviour symptoms [participants with dementia (questionnaire)]. Participants (n=71) were 81.7 (SD 11.4) years old, and 75% female. Kinesiologists found SSE socially beneficial; however, there is limited feasibility as the overall attendance rate was 40.5%. SSE improved mood and behaviour symptom scores in participants with dementia (total, frequency, and severity), all F>1, p<0.05. No differences in cognition were seen. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of SSE on cognition; however, the feasibility is limited in diverse groups.
Management of vitreoretinal complications in eyes with permanent keratoprosthesis.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the spectrum and treatment of posterior segment complications in eyes that had undergone successful keratoprosthesis (KPro) placement and to determine whether transeyelid vitrectomy techniques could be effectively used in eyes otherwise vulnerable to surface exposure. DESIGN In the last 10 years, 110 patients received a Dohlman-Doane KPro at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston. We evaluated 22 eyes in 18 patients that required subsequent vitreoretinal surgery to treat posterior segment complications. One surgeon using modified vitreoretinal techniques, as described below, performed all vitreoretinal procedures. RESULTS The posterior segment complications included 6 cases of retro-KPro membranes, 13 cases of retinal detachments, and 5 cases of isolated vitreous opacity. All 6 retro-KPro membranes were effectively removed by vitrectomy without significant complication and 3 of these patients enjoyed improvement of visual acuity of at least 5 Snellen lines. Of 13 cases of retinal detachment, 6 patients had some improvement in visual acuity, 5 showed no appreciable change, and 2 had some decline in the final visual acuity. In all 5 cases of isolated vitreous opacity, the media was effectively cleared with pars plana vitrectomy. Three patients enjoyed improvement of visual acuity of at least 3 Snellen lines. Four cases of transeyelid vitrectomy were attempted and anatomical success was achieved in all 4 and vision improved in 3 of these patients. No special surgical complications were encountered in any of the 22 eyes as a result of these modified surgical techniques. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Best preoperative and postoperative visual acuity and anatomical success were evaluated in relation to the preoperative posterior segment complication. CONCLUSIONS Modified vitreoretinal surgical techniques can be effectively and safely used to treat posterior segment complications in patients with KPro devices. Retro-KPro membranes and other vitreous opacities were the most amenable to treatment. Retinal complications posed a special challenge. However, all of these cases highlight that modified vitrectomy techniques can be used in eyes with permanent KPro devices. These techniques can be performed without additional risk to the eye. Additionally, we demonstrated that transeyelid vitrectomy techniques could be used effectively to manage complications in eyes with severe ocular surface disease without undue exposure of vulnerable tissues.
Evaluating tonsillectomy as a risk factor for childhood obesity.

OBJECTIVE To investigate weight gain and any increased risk of obesity in children who have undergone tonsillectomy. DESIGN Retrospective chart review. SETTING Tertiary care pediatric hospital. PATIENTS The study included 200 children aged 2 to 12 years who were undergoing tonsillectomy and 200 age- and sex-matched controls. All children had a preoperative body mass index (BMI) and a postoperative BMI recorded 6 to 18 months after surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The BMI percentile (BMI%) for age was analyzed between and within groups. A Wilcoxon matched-pairs test was used to analyze BMI% before and after tonsillectomy. A Mann-Whitney test was used to compare BMI% between the study and the control groups. An odds ratio (OR) was used to compare overweight (≥ 85%) and obese (≥ 95%) patients before and after surgery. A correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between age and weight gain. RESULTS The BMI% did not differ significantly between the study and the control groups before surgery (P = .14). The BMI% in the study group increased significantly after tonsillectomy (P < .001). Although older children had a higher BMI% than matched controls before surgery, they had a smaller change in BMI% than younger children after tonsillectomy (P = .004). The odds of a child being overweight (OR, 1.23; P = .36) or obese (OR, 1.44; P = .12) were not significantly different before or after tonsillectomy. CONCLUSION Children, particularly younger ones, gained weight after tonsillectomy, but the odds of a child being overweight or obese after tonsillectomy were no different than they were before surgery.
THE IMAGE OF UNITED ARAB EMIRATES CULTURE AMONG THE NON-ARAB EXPATRIATES IN THE UAE

The main goal of the research is to explore the image of UAE culture among the non-Arab expatriates who live and work in UAE. A structured survey has been developed to measure the variables and answer the research questions. A convenient sample of 121 non-Arab expatriates has been interviewed. 18 Likert scale statements have been developed to measure the image of UAE culture according to Hofstede’s dimensions. According to the responses of the participants, we may conclude that UAE culture is perceived as high in the Power Distance Index PDI. The nonArab expatriates strongly perceive that the UAE culture is collective. “Masculinity” of UAE society is a stereotype more than an image among non-Arab expatriates. The respondents perceive Emiratis as they have a high preference for avoiding uncertainty; and that UAE has a long-term orientation. The respondents tend to see the UAE society as allowing people to freely enjoy life and have fun. The majority of the respondents agreed that adjusting to UAE culture is easy. The information gained about UAE culture has been obtained from different sources as suggested by Information Integration Theory. In general, age, education, nationality, Emirate of residence, and “number of working years in UAE” have created some differences among varied groups of respondents in all Hofstede’s dimensions. It seems that the most influential demographic is the number of working years in UAE which makes sense as the variance of living experience in UAE causes a variance in the answers of respondents. The only demographic characteristic that did not have any correlations with any of the dimensions is the marital status. In conclusion, we confirm that there is a significant correlation between the demographic variables (except marital status) and the image non-Arab expatriate have about the UAE culture.
Muscular sense is attenuated when humans move

1 Muscle receptors play an important role in our conscious perception of movement, but there are no published accounts of our ability to detect their signals during different motor tasks. The present experiments introduce a method to test muscular sense when humans move. 2 Muscle receptors were excited by an electrically induced twitch of the right extensor carpi ulnaris muscle. The muscle was stimulated via percutaneously inserted intramuscular electrodes or using surface stimulation through anaesthetized skin. Muscular sense was represented by the ability to detect the twitch and was compared between various tasks and stationary control trials. 3 Three hertz voluntary wrist movements significantly attenuated muscular sense to 37 % of control. This velocity‐dependent attenuation was present over a range of twitch amplitudes suggesting it does not simply reflect a masking of low intensity stimuli. Perceptual ratings of twitch amplitude during fast imposed passive movements were reduced by 40 %, though this did not quite reach statistical significance. However, perceptual ratings of twitches evoked up to 2 s after the termination of the passive movements were significantly different from control. 4 Reaching with the stimulated, but not the contralateral, arm also significantly reduced muscular sense (to 40 %). 5 Attenuation to 58 % of control during cyclic stretching of the skin on the dorsum of the hand showed that signals from peripheral receptors may play a role. Attenuation prior to a single wrist flexion movement indicated that central sources can also contribute. 6 The results are consistent with current findings of a general attenuation of sensory feedback during movement and raise questions regarding the role of muscular sense in movement control.
German Observational Study of Adult Twins (GOSAT): a multimodal investigation of personality, temperament and cognitive ability.

The German Observational Study of Adult Twins (GOSAT) is the largest population-based observational twin study in Germany to date. Embedded in the Bielefeld Longitudinal Study of Adult Twins (BiLSAT), it addresses the etiology of personality, temperament and cognitive ability in a sample of 300 monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) adult twin pairs between 18 and 70 years of age. A major aim of the GOSAT lies in the utilization of different modes of measurement, (i.e., peer reports and observational data), in addition to self-reports which have been used predominantly in past behavioral genetic research on personality and temperament in adults. Participants completed a full day assessment at the University of Bielefeld including videotaped social interactions and presentations, psychometric intelligence tests and computerized elementary cognitive tasks as well as objective measures and unobtrusive behavior counts. The research design of the GOSAT was devised to reduce the potential impact of systematic rater bias on estimates of genetic and environmental influences to a minimum. In combination with extensive self- and peer report data on key personality and personality related dimensions available from the BiLSAT, the GOSAT provides a rich dataset, which currently includes DNA samples from 80% of its participants.
Training school teachers to promote mental and social well-being in low and middle income countries : lessons to facilitate scale-up from a participatory action research trial of youth first in India

Mental and social wellbeing (MSWB) promotion programs could improve mental health and other outcomes for youth in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs). Unfortunately, few such programs have progressed to scale-up and few studies have detailed processes and considerations that could facilitate doing so. This study begins to fill these gaps, describing key findings from training and supporting government middle school teachers to deliver the Youth First Resilience Curriculum, a MSWB promotion program, in Bihar, India. We conducted a Participatory Action Research trial of the resilience curriculum among 792 middle school youth and 55 teachers at 15 government schools. Participant-observations, exit interviews, and group discussions were conducted and analyzed via multiple rounds of coding to generate thematic findings. A number of schools showed relatively high levels of interest, session reliability and fidelity, student interaction and teacher facilitative abilities, but there was great variation within the sample. Three leverage points emerged to facilitate future scale-up: factors for successful site assessment and program initiation, supporting teacher success via interest and motivation, and responding to varied teacher skill levels. These points represent critical focus areas for practitioners and policy-makers as more MSWB promotion programs begin to scale in LMICs.
Development and Evaluation of an Open-Source Software Package “CGITA” for Quantifying Tumor Heterogeneity with Molecular Images

Background. The quantification of tumor heterogeneity with molecular images, by analyzing the local or global variation in the spatial arrangements of pixel intensity with texture analysis, possesses a great clinical potential for treatment planning and prognosis. To address the lack of available software for computing the tumor heterogeneity on the public domain, we develop a software package, namely, Chang-Gung Image Texture Analysis (CGITA) toolbox, and provide it to the research community as a free, open-source project. Methods. With a user-friendly graphical interface, CGITA provides users with an easy way to compute more than seventy heterogeneity indices. To test and demonstrate the usefulness of CGITA, we used a small cohort of eighteen locally advanced oral cavity (ORC) cancer patients treated with definitive radiotherapies. Results. In our case study of ORC data, we found that more than ten of the current implemented heterogeneity indices outperformed SUVmean for outcome prediction in the ROC analysis with a higher area under curve (AUC). Heterogeneity indices provide a better area under the curve up to 0.9 than the SUVmean and TLG (0.6 and 0.52, resp.). Conclusions. CGITA is a free and open-source software package to quantify tumor heterogeneity from molecular images. CGITA is available for free for academic use at http://code.google. com/p/cgita.
Morphological Evolution and the Ages of Early-Type Galaxies in Clusters

Morphological and spectroscopic studies of high-redshift clusters indicate that a significant fraction of present-day, early-type galaxies was transformed from star-forming galaxies at z < 1. On the other hand, the slow luminosity evolution of early-type galaxies and the low scatter in their color-magnitude relation indicate a high formation redshift of their stars. In this paper we construct models that reconcile these apparently contradictory lines of evidence, and we quantify the effects of morphological evolution on the observed photometric properties of early-type galaxies in distant clusters. We show that in the case of strong morphological evolution the apparent luminosity and color evolution of early-type galaxies are similar to those of a single-age stellar population formed at z = ∞, irrespective of the true star formation history of the galaxies. Furthermore, the scatter in age, and hence the scatter in color and luminosity, is approximately constant with redshift. These results are consequences of the "progenitor bias": the progenitors of the youngest low-redshift, early-type galaxies drop out of the sample at high redshift. We construct models that reproduce the observed evolution of the number fraction of early-type galaxies in rich clusters and their color and luminosity evolution simultaneously. Our modeling indicates that ~50% of early-type galaxies were transformed from other galaxy types at z < 1, and their progenitor galaxies may have had roughly constant star formation rates prior to morphological transformation. The effect of the progenitor bias on the evolution of the mean M/L ratio and color can be estimated. The progenitor bias is a linear function of the scatter in the color-magnitude relation produced by age variations and is maximal if the observed scatter is entirely due to age differences. After correcting the observed evolution of the mean M/LB ratio for the maximum progenitor bias, we find that the mean luminosity-weighted formation redshift of stars in early-type galaxies ⟨z*⟩ = 3.0 for Ωm = 0.3 and ΩΛ = 0 and ⟨z*⟩ = 2.0 for Ωm = 0.3 and ΩΛ = 0.7. Our analysis places the star formation epoch of early-type galaxies later than previous studies, which ignored the effects of progenitor bias. The results are consistent with the idea that (some) Lyman break galaxies are star-forming building blocks of massive early-type galaxies in clusters.
b-Lactamase inhibition by avibactam in Mycobacterium abscessus

INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France; Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, Université de Montpellier 2 et 1, CNRS, UMR 5235, Montpellier, France; INSERM, DIMNP, Montpellier, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; EA3647 – EPIM, Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines et UFR des Sciences de la Santé, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France
An Interstellar Conduction Front within a Wolf-Rayet Ring Nebula Observed with the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph

With the High Resolution Spectrograph aboard the Hubble Space Telescope we obtained high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N ≳ 200-600 per 17 km s-1 resolution element) spectra of narrow absorption lines toward the Wolf-Rayet star HD 50896. The ring nebula S308 that surrounds this star is thought to be caused by a pressure-driven bubble bounded by circumstellar gas (most likely from a red supergiant or luminous blue variable progenitor) pushed aside by a strong stellar wind. Our observation has shown for the first time that blueshifted (≈ 70 km s-1 relative to the star) absorption components of C IV and N V arise in a conduction front between the hot interior of the bubble and the cold shell of swept-up material. These lines set limits on models of the conduction front. Nitrogen in the shell appears to be overabundant by a factor 10. The P Cygni profiles of N V and C IV are variable, possibly because of a suspected binary companion to HD 50896.