Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TRIPLE: A Logic for Reasoning with Parameterized Views over Semi-Structured Data

In this paper we investigate and formalize parameterized views for semi-structured data by defining syntax and a model theoretic semantics of TRIPLE, a logic for dealing with views. A unique feature of the language is that views can be used as parameters for other views. The definitions are used to derive a query and reasoning language based on deductive database technology. Applications include querying of data with respect to multiple semantics and information integration.
Mechanisms involved in ultraviolet light-induced immunosuppression.

Ultraviolet radiation (UV) represents one of the most important environmental factors affecting human health, especially with regard to its hazardous effects on the generation of skin cancer, suppression of the immune system and premature skin aging. At molecular level, various chromophores have been identified, and DNA remains the major chromophore in the skin. Epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) are considered as the main targets of UV, as UV inhibits their antigen-presenting activity and their capacity to stimulate allogeneic type 1 T cells. Keratinocytes are also a target of UV light and they produce and release numerous soluble and immunosuppressive mediators. In human skin, IL-10 is mainly produced by dermis CD11b + macrophages and neutrophils that infiltrate epidermis after intense UV. UV-induced immunosuppression is transferable with suppressor T cells whose phenotype is still debated (Natural Killer T cells and T regulatory type 1 cells). Although the mechanisms by which immune regulatory suppressor T cells act still remain unclear, there is increasing evidence that apoptosis of epidermal LC or reactive T cells may play an important role through the Fas/FasL system.
Extending Latent Role and Psychological Contract Theories to Predict Intent to Turnover and Politics in Business Organizations

Organizational researchers broadly accept Gouldner's (1957, 1958) early work describing the cosmopolitan-local latent role construct. In practice, however, measurement and external validity issues appear to have inhibited a more broad application to the general workplace environment. The present research provides a model demonstrating that local and cosmopolitan latent roles relate to such career and job concerns as job fit to the psychological contract and job satisfaction. These variables, in turn, predict intention to quit and organizational politics. Results are discussed in the context of structural equation modeling, which provides both theoretical and practical implications for better understanding quit rates and political behavior.
Deletion of Tristetraprolin Caused Spontaneous Reactive Granulopoiesis by a Non–Cell-Autonomous Mechanism Without Disturbing Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cell Quiescence

Tristetraprolin (TTP, Zfp36, Nup475, Tis11) dramatically reduces the stability of target mRNAs by binding to AU-rich elements in their 3′ untranslated regions. Through this mechanism, TTP functions as a rheostatic, temporal regulator of gene expression. TTP knockout (KO) mice exhibit completely penetrant granulocytic hyperplasia. We have shown that the hematopoietic stem-progenitor cell compartment in TTP KO mice is also altered. Although no change was detected in long-term hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) frequency or function, as assayed by immunophenotypic markers or limiting dilution transplants, we observed increases in the frequencies and numbers of short-term HSCs, multipotent progenitors, and granulocyte–monocyte progenitors. This pattern is consistent with “reactive granulopoiesis,” in which committed myeloid progenitors and more primitive progenitors cycle more actively to increase production of mature granulocytes in response to infection or adjuvant. We created reverse chimeras by transplanting wild-type bone marrow into TTP KO mice and found the “reactive granulopoiesis” phenocopied, indicating a non–hematopoietic stem-progenitor cell–autonomous mechanism. Correspondingly, we found elevated levels of the granulopoietic TTP targets IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the plasma of TTP KO mice. Consistent with the non–cell-autonomous nature of the phenotype, we found elevated levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 transcripts in the livers of TTP KO mice and no detectable difference in the bone marrows. These findings demonstrate the importance of TTP in inflammatory homeostasis and highlight the ability of the hematopoietic system to respond to stress without significant numbers of quiescent HSCs entering the cell cycle.
The Influence of Expertise in Simultaneous Interpreting on Non-Verbal Executive Processes

This study aimed to explore non-verbal executive processes in simultaneous interpreters. Simultaneous interpreters, bilinguals without any training in simultaneous interpreting, and control monolinguals performed the Wisconsin card sorting task (WCST; Experiment 1) and the Simon task (Experiment 2). Performance on WCST was thought to index cognitive flexibility while Simon task performance was considered an index of inhibitory processes. Simultaneous interpreters outperformed bilinguals and monolinguals on the WCST by showing reduced number of attempts to infer the rule, few errors, and few previous-category perseverations. However, simultaneous interpreters presented Simon effects similar to those found in bilinguals and monolinguals. Together, these results suggest that experience in interpreting is associated with changes in control processes required to perform interpreting tasks.
How to overcome prejudice

A brief conversation can have a lasting effect on prejudice [Also see Report by Broockman and Kalla] What do social scientists know about reducing prejudice in the world? In short, very little. Of the hundreds of studies on prejudice reduction conducted in recent decades, only ~11% test the causal effect of interventions conducted in the real world (1). Far fewer address prejudice among adults or measure the long-term effects of those interventions (see the figure). The results reported by Broockman and Kalla on page 220 of this issue are therefore particularly important (2). The authors show that a 10-min conversation with voters in South Florida reduced prejudice against transgender people and increased support for transgender rights for at least 3 months.
A Time-Weighted Dynamic Time Warping Method for Land-Use and Land-Cover Mapping

This paper presents a time-weighted version of the dynamic time warping (DTW) method for land-use and land-cover classification using remote sensing image time series. Methods based on DTW have achieved significant results in time-series data mining. The original DTW method works well for shape matching, but is not suited for remote sensing time-series classification. It disregards the temporal range when finding the best alignment between two time series. Since each land-cover class has a specific phenological cycle, a good time-series land-cover classifier needs to balance between shape matching and temporal alignment. To that end, we adjusted the original DTW method to include a temporal weight that accounts for seasonality of land-cover types. The resulting algorithm improves on previous methods for land-cover classification using DTW. In a case study in a tropical forest area, our proposed logistic time-weighted version achieves the best overall accuracy of 87.32%. The accuracy of a version with maximum time delay constraints is 84.66%. A time-warping method without time constraints has a 70.14% accuracy. To get good results with the proposed algorithm, the spatial and temporal resolutions of the data should capture the properties of the landscape. The pattern samples should also represent well the temporal variation of land cover.
Beyond Academia – Interrogating Research Impact in the Research Excellence Framework

Big changes to the way in which research funding is allocated to UK universities were brought about in the Research Excellence Framework (REF), overseen by the Higher Education Funding Council, England. Replacing the earlier Research Assessment Exercise, the purpose of the REF was to assess the quality and reach of research in UK universities–and allocate funding accordingly. For the first time, this included an assessment of research ‘impact’, accounting for 20% of the funding allocation. In this article we use a text mining technique to investigate the interpretations of impact put forward via impact case studies in the REF process. We find that institutions have developed a diverse interpretation of impact, ranging from commercial applications to public and cultural engagement activities. These interpretations of impact vary from discipline to discipline and between institutions, with more broad-based institutions depicting a greater variety of impacts. Comparing the interpretations with the score given by REF, we found no evidence of one particular interpretation being more highly rewarded than another. Importantly, we also found a positive correlation between impact score and [overall research] quality score, suggesting that impact is not being achieved at the expense of research excellence.
Comparing the Construct and Criterion-Related Validity of Ability-Based and Mixed-Model Measures of Emotional Intelligence

Despite the popularity of the concept of emotional intelligence(EI), there is much controversy around its definition, measurement, and validity. Therefore, the authors examined the construct and criterion-related validity of an ability-based EI measure (Mayer Salovey Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test [MSCEIT]) and a mixed-model EI measure (Emotional Quotient Inventory [EQ-i]) using a military sample. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the four-factor model for the MSCEIT, but not the five-factor model for the EQ-i, fit well. MSCEIT and EQ-i scores were modestly intercorrelated. Gender was related only to the MSCEIT’s Emotional Perception scale scores. EQ-i scores, but not MSCEIT scores, tended to be strongly related to scores on measures assessing personality, self-monitoring ability, job satisfaction, and life satisfaction. The EQ-i also accounted for incremental variance in job and life satisfaction, after controlling for personality. Overall, cognitive ability scores were unrelated to EQ-i scores and slightly related to two of the MSCEIT scale scores.
Detection of Wooded Hedgerows in High Resolution Satellite Images using an Object-Oriented Method

The objective of this study was to identify wooded hedgerows from remote sensing data in using an object-oriented approach, in order to estimate the proportion of hedgerow network that can be automatically extracted, whatever its characteristics. To evaluate the reliability, accuracy, and computational efficiency of the object-oriented method to extract wooded hedgerows, we applied it on different types of remote sensing images on six study sites located in bocage landscapes of Northern-western France. These images were segmented on three hierarchical levels (tree, hedge and field) and were subsequently classified by means of membership functions using fuzzy logic. The results show that the remote sensing images with a spatial resolution equal or less than 10 meters are appropriate to automatically inventory wooded hedgerows. The results also highlight that agricultural landscape complexity influences the classification accuracy, as the detection performance increases with hedges density.
In vivo passage through calves of nematophagous fungi selected for biocontrol of parasitic nematodes

ABSTRACT The experiment was designed to test the survival and performance of stress selected nematophagous fungi after passage through the gastro-intestinal tract of cattle. Ruminating calves were fed daily with a fixed amount of fungal material grown on barley grains. The excreted dung was collected on days four and five after the start of the feeding experiment. Barley grains were washed out of the excreted dung and incoculated on water-agar plates. After incubation for one week, nine out of ten fungal isolates were re-isolated from these plates. The predatory capacity of the fungi in the excreted faeces was tested in a dung pat bioassay and a faecal culture system. In the dung pat bioassay. two fungi of the genus Arthrobotrys and six of the genus Duddingtonia reduced the development of Ostertagia ostertagi third stage larvae by 85% (61%–93%). compared to the number of larvae developed from fungus-free control pats. In seven out of these eight isolates, the reduction of larvae in the faecal cultures was 92% (76%–99%).
Machine Vision and Applications Efficient Large-scale Multi-view Stereo for Ultra High-resolution Image Sets

We present a new approach for large-scale multi-view stereo matching, which is designed to operate on ultra high-resolution image sets and efficiently compute dense 3D point clouds. We show that, using a robust descrip-tor for matching purposes and high-resolution images, we can skip the computationally expensive steps that other algorithms require. As a result, our method has low memory requirements and low computational complexity while producing 3D point clouds containing virtually no outliers. This makes it exceedingly suitable for large-scale reconstruction. The core of our algorithm is the dense matching of image pairs using DAISY descriptors, implemented so as to eliminate redundancies and optimize memory access. We use a variety of challenging data sets to validate and compare our results against other algorithms.
Ethical Issues of Informed Consent in Acute Stroke

Background: Many patients may be mentally incompetent or physically unable to give informed consent at the acute stage of stroke. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate the modalities of informed consent in urgent therapeutic stroke trials, the awareness of patients and relatives regarding stroke clinical trials and the impact of decision making on patients and relatives. Methods: We present a study of 56 acute ischemic stroke patients who were randomized in 4 trials (2 trials testing neuroprotective agents, 1 testing thrombolysis and 1 testing antithrombotic agents). A standardized questionnaire was used to assess the modalities of informed consent in this setting. Results: The mean age was 67.1 (SD 12.6) years. The mean baseline Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS) score was 23.8 (SD 10.5). Only 13 patients (23% of cases) gave consent while relatives gave consent for 43 patients (77%). The main reason for not getting consent from the patient was aphasia in 29 patients (67.4%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the two independent factors influencing the ability to give consent are age and baseline neurological deficit as assessed by the SSS score. Concerning the psychological impact of consent, none of the 10 patients who answered our questionnaire declared feeling uncomfortable when giving consent, while 7 out of the 13 relatives who could be reached declared they felt uncomfortable, mainly because of the psychological stress induced by urgent decision making. Conclusions: Our study emphasizes the specific ethical difficulties of informed consent in the setting of acute stroke research. Only a minority of patients are able to give consent at the acute stage. Increasing age and neurological deficit are independent predictors of inability to give consent. Thus, the responsibility for consent usually relies on relatives with potential inaccuracy of decision concerning the patient’s wish or even conflict of interest. Further evaluation of the psychological impact of decision on relatives is needed in this setting of acute stroke.
The effects of uterine artery embolisation and surgical treatment on ovarian function in women with uterine fibroids

Sir, We found the article by Rashid et al. informative, but wonder whether the authors are justified in reaching their conclusion on the basis of the data from this study. First, the low sensitivity of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) as a diagnostic test for ovarian function is a major weakness. Furthermore, the definition of ovarian failure is fundamental to their conclusion. The authors defined ovarian failure as a serum FSH above 40 IU/l; this is fundamentally flawed and gives an impression that ovarian failure does not occur until FSH levels are above 40 IU/l. How did the authors arrive at this cut-off level? Various serum FSH levels (10, 15 and 20 IU/l) have been used by different authors in the diagnosis of ovarian failure. Ovarian failure cannot be defined solely by FSH levels for obvious reasons. Using an FSH cut-off of 40 IU/l, the authors conclude that ‘UAE [uterine artery embolisation] does not accelerate decline in ovarian function for women below the age of 45, for up to 1 year after treatment’. This finding they claim ‘is very reassuring as it is this group of women who may wish to retain their fertility’. Their conclusion implies that fertility is preserved as long as serum FSH is below 40 IU/l, which is obviously not the case. We are not convinced that the data from this study can be confidently used to counsel young women with fertility potential to undergo UAE. Although various studies have reached conflicting conclusions, there is at least a theoretical risk that UAE may compromise ovarian function. Indeed, it has been shown that embolisation particles can be found at histopathological examination of ovarian tissue after UAE, increasing the potential that UAE may pose a risk to the ovaries. Until better evidence becomes available, we strongly advocate that clinicians should continue to exercise caution when offering UAE to women who wish to preserve fertility, as the safety of this procedure with regard to ovarian function can still not be entirely guaranteed. j References
Coping with Negative Stereotypes about Intellectual Performance: The Role of Psychological Disengagement

Two experiments tested the hypothesis that members of negatively stereotyped groups psychologically disengage their self-esteem from feedback received in stereotype-relevant domains. In both experiments, African American and European American college students received performance feedback on a bogus intelligence test and completed measures of self-esteem. In Experiment 1, European American students had higher self-esteem after success than after failure, whereas African American students had similar levels of self-esteem regardless of feedback. Whether the test had been described as racially biased or culturally fair had no effect. Experiment 2 examined the extent to which lesser responsivity among African Americans is the result of chronic disengagement from intelligence tests or situational disengagement initiated by priming racial stereotypes. Results indicate that both chronic disengagement and racial priming engender less responsivity to negative performance feedback among African American, but not European American, students. Performance expectancies, self-evaluations, and beliefs about test bias are discussed as possible mediators of this relationship.
IMAGING THE ALGOL TRIPLE SYSTEM IN THE H BAND WITH THE CHARA INTERFEROMETER

Algol (β Per) is an extensively studied hierarchical triple system whose inner pair is a prototype semi-detached binary with mass transfer occurring from the sub-giant secondary to the main-sequence primary. We present here the results of our Algol observations made between 2006 and 2010 at the CHARA interferometer with the Michigan Infrared Combiner in the H-band. The use of four telescopes with long baselines allows us to achieve better than 0.5 mas resolution and to unambiguously resolve the three stars. The inner and outer orbital elements, as well as the angular sizes and mass ratios for the three components, are determined independently from previous studies. We report a significantly improved orbit for the inner stellar pair with the consequence of a 15% change in the primary mass compared with previous studies. We also determine the mutual inclination of the orbits to be much closer to perpendicularity than previously established. State-of-the-art image reconstruction algorithms are used to image the full triple system. In particular an image sequence of 55 distinct phases of the inner pair orbit is reconstructed, clearly showing the Roche-lobe-filling secondary revolving around the primary, with several epochs corresponding to the primary and secondary eclipses.
Working in a Landscape of Recession and Expansion: Academic Jobs in Geography in the United States, 1990–2011

The recent economic recession brought much university hiring to a standstill in the United States. Geography, in spite of strong prerecession growth, was no exception. Without a sense of how the academic geography job market has changed over the past decades, however, it is difficult to assess any recession-related decline or the relative strength of any recovery. This article presents an analysis of academic job postings in the field of geography from 1990 through 2011. Using data aggregated from the AAG Newsletter, which acts as an informal clearinghouse for most academic openings for geographers at four-year colleges and universities in the United States, we assess changes in the overall magnitude in numbers of academic job openings, with the particular goal of placing the recession-based paucity of openings within its broader historical context. Our results indicate that, indeed, the recession led to a very sharp decline in advertisements, but compared to previous recessions, the recovery appears to have occurred very quickly. Open-rank and temporary/non-tenure-track positions appear to have been fairly robust to the poor economic conditions, whereas assistant professor openings were particularly hard hit.
Examining the Role of Cognitive and Affective Image in Predicting Choice Across Natural, Developed, and Theme-Park Destinations

This study examines the role of cognitive and affective destination-image components in the formation of destination preferences from a multialternative/multiattribute perspective. In addition, the study examines the stability of those roles across three types of destinations. A total of 1,020 Taichung residents in Taiwan were administered an on-site questionnaire. The results indicated that cognitive and affective components of overall destination image influence tourists' destination preferences and that cognitive image impacts affective image. However, the importance of the two image components varied across natural, developed, and theme-park destinations. In addition, the findings confirmed that while some image attributes are universally important, other attributes are only important for specific types of destinations. Implications for theory, practice, and future research are provided.
“This Is My Family”

In the present study, we examined the family drawings of preschool-aged children from three cultural contexts that represented different aspects of autonomy and relatedness. The final sample consisted of 53 children from urban Western middle-class families from Osnabrueck, Germany; 63 children from rural Cameroonian Nso farming families; and 59 children from urban middle-class families from Ankara, Turkey. The children were of similar age and did not differ in basic drawing abilities. The family drawings varied with cultural context and the respective orientation toward autonomy and relatedness, specifically in regard to the number and position of family members, the depicted absolute and relative size of family members, the details of facial features, and the emotional expression. Additionally, the positioning and spatial arrangement of family members on the paper can be linked to the children’s familiarity with external frames of reference in drawings.