Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human rights, animal wrongs? exploring attitudes toward animal use and possibilities for change

Presented here are three research studies examining psychological characteristics underlying attitudes toward the use of nonhuman animals: beliefs and value systems; their comparative impact on opinions; and empathetic responses to humans and to animals. The first study demonstrated that the attitudes of laypeople are context dependent: different sets of beliefs underlie attitudes toward various types of animal use. Belief in the existence of alternatives (“perceptions of choice”) was especially important, accounting alone for 40% of the variance in attitudes. The second study compared the opinions, beliefs, value systems, and empathetic responses of scientists, animal welfarists, and laypeople. Results demonstrated that laypersons are most similar to the science community, not the animal welfare community. Scientists and laypeople differed on very few measures, whereas animal welfarists differed on most measures. The third study demonstrated a causal link between belief and attitude: manipulating “perceptions of choice” led to a significant change in support for animal use. These studies explain how individuals and groups can have dramatically different attitudes toward animal use and demonstrate how opinions can be changed.
Prediction Uncertainty in the Bornhuetter-Ferguson Claims Reserving Method: Revisited

Abstract We revisit the stochastic model of Alai et al. (2009) for the Bornhuetter-Ferguson claims reserving method, Bornhuetter & Ferguson (1972). We derive an estimator of its conditional mean square error of prediction (MSEP) using an approach that is based on generalized linear models and maximum likelihood estimators for the model parameters. This approach leads to simple formulas, which can easily be implemented in a spreadsheet.
Childhood negative experiences and subclinical psychosis in adolescence: a longitudinal general population study

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that experiences of trauma and victimization during childhood are associated with an increased risk to develop clinical and subclinical psychosis in adulthood. A recent cross‐sectional study showed a significant association between trauma and psychotic experiences in adolescents. The current study aimed to extend these findings by investigating the longitudinal effects of negative life experiences on the risk for subclinical psychotic symptoms 2 years later in an adolescent general community sample.
Drug delivery strategies to control macrophages for tissue repair and regeneration

Tissue repair and regeneration is a complex process. Our bodies have an excellent capacity to regenerate damaged tissues in many situations. However, tissue healing is impaired in injuries that exceed a critical size or are exacerbated by chronic inflammatory diseases like diabetes. In these instances, biomaterials and drug delivery strategies are often required to facilitate tissue regeneration by providing physical and biochemical cues. Inflammation is the body’s response to injury. It is critical for wound healing and biomaterial integration and vascularization, as long as the timing is well controlled. For example, chronic inflammation is well known to impair healing in chronic wounds. In this review, we highlight the importance of a well-controlled inflammatory response, primarily mediated by macrophages in tissue repair and regeneration and discuss various strategies designed to promote regeneration by controlling macrophage behavior. These strategies include temporally controlled delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs, delivery of macrophages as cellular therapy, controlled release of cytokines that modulate macrophage phenotype, and the design of nanoparticles that exploit the inherent phagocytic behavior of macrophages. A clear outcome of this review is that a deeper understanding of the role and timing of complex macrophage phenotypes or activation states is required to fully harness their abilities with drug delivery strategies.
Are Youth Violence Risk Instruments Interchangeable? Evaluating Instrument Convergence in a Sample of Incarcerated Adolescent Offenders

In light of the growing number of youth violence instruments at a clinician’s disposal, this study sought to investigate the interchangeability of two widely validated adolescent violence risk instruments. The concurrent and incremental validity of the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY) and the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) were evaluated in a young Australian custodial population. A significant degree of dimensional construct overlap between instruments was discovered. Both measures were similarly found to be moderately predictive of general and violent recidivism. Findings indicate that the instruments are potentially substitutable when used to evaluate future violence in these settings. Clinical implications for risk assessment practice are discussed.
Generalizing Linear Real-Field Codes for Fading Channels

| We derive generalized analytical constructions of linear realeld (LRF) codes for transmissions over wireless fading channels. We show cases where LRF-coded QAM, PAM, or PSK constellations can achieve maximum diversity and large coding gains. We construct analytically LRF codes, which not only yield larger coding gains than existing designs in most cases, but also produce LRF-coded QAM or PAM with desirable constellation characteristics. We also disclose an inherent connection between the optimality of LRF code construction over QAM or PAM, and a long-held mathematical conjecture in the theory of geometry of numbers. In certain cases, these results allow us to conjecture the optimality of our LRF codes over these constellations. Simulations corroborate our theoretical ndings.
The call for more male preschool teachers: echoed and questioned by Swedish student teachers

In many countries, more men in preschools are called for. In this article, we explore how Swedish students understand the talk about recruiting more male preschool teachers, and how they agree with or challenge dominant notions of femininity and masculinity through their understanding. Interviews were conducted with female and male student teachers who were aiming at working in preschools. The results show that gender stereotypes and common-sense phrases are both adopted and challenged in the students’ discussions. Many students, both female and male, welcome male teachers because men are expected to add something to preschools. Furthermore, male teachers are widely appreciated in a way that female teachers are not. However, other students, both female and male, highlight and question the simplification that often comes with the call for more men. These students question the one-sided focus on gender. They also object to the gender division that may occur in gender-mixed work groups.
Music Lessons and Intelligence: A Relation Mediated by Executive Functions

the present study investigated whether the association between music lessons and intelligence is mediated by executive functions. Intelligence and five different executive functions (set shifting, selective attention, planning, inhibition, and fluency) were assessed in 9- to 12-year-old children with varying amounts of music lessons. Significant associations emerged between music lessons and all of the measures of executive function. Executive functions mediated the association between music lessons and intelligence, with the measures of selective attention and inhibition being the strongest contributors to the mediation effect. Our results suggest that at least part of the association between music lessons and intelligence is explained by the positive influence music lessons have on executive functions, which in turn improve performance on intelligence tests.
Reporting to the Scottish Courts: The Quality of Social Enquiry Reports and Custody

L'A. analyse l'impact des rapports d'enquete sociale ordonnees par les cours de justice ecossaises, qui fournissent des informations quant a la situation et quant au parcours social des suspects, sur les condamnations et plus particulierement sur les decisions d'incarceration. Il analyse les decisions prononcees par la justice ecossaise entre 1996 et 1998. Il montre que ces enquetes inclinent a une plus grande clemence. Il examine la Loi d'avril 1991, promulguee en Ecosse. Celle-ci definit les objectifs des enquetes sociales ordonnees par les tribunaux et place les services sociaux requis sous la direction du Scottish Office, du Ministere des affaires ecossaises
Management Learning and the Corporate MBA: Situated or Individual?

The perceived failure of full-time MBAs to foster `situated learning' has given rise to a new form of MBA programme, the Corporate MBA, which in theory, aims to correct this deficiency. The very rationale of CMBAs and their differentiating feature from open programme MBAs, is the development of situated learning. This article is based on an in-depth study of four CMBA programmes in three different types of business school: the university based, non-university based and the hybrid. Using qualitative data derived from 40 in-depth interviews and from open ended survey questions, we examine how the outcomes sought by individual participants, business schools and sponsoring organizations and the relationships that developed between these stakeholders either facilitate or hinder situated learning. The data indicate a lack of situated learning in two of the three cases studied. Explanations for the lack of learning focus primarily around the incompatible interests of participants, business schools and sponsoring organizations. Suggestions for future research are presented.
Specific cytogenetic changes in ovarian cancer involving chromosomes 6 and 14.

Cytogenetic studies were performed in 12 papillary serous adenocarcinomas of the ovary. Of the more than 19 clonal structural chromosome abnormalities observed in these cancers, 6q- and 14q+ were found to be the most frequent. Both markers coexisted in the cells of eight cases; in the other four cases, either a 6q- or 14q+ was present. In at least six cases, the additional segment on the long arm of chromosome 14 appeared to originate, on the basis of the chromosomal quantity and fluorescence pattern, from the missing part of chromosome 6. This suggested that the 6q- and 14q+ markers had arisen as a result of a reciprocal translocation at Bands q21 and q24, respectively, i.e., t(6;14)(q21;q24). However, it is uncertain in the remaining six cases whether an identical type of translocation was responsible for the formation of the markers. Thus, abnormalities involving chromosomes 6 and 14 seem to be specifically associated with papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary.
Risk, Responsibility, and Rhetoric in Infant Feeding

This article considers the way in which discourses around risk intersect with the ideology of motherhood in advanced liberal societies. Neoliberal citizens are urged to exercise prudence in the light of expert advice about minimizing risk through behavioral choices. The “good mother” is one who maximizes physical and psychological outcomes for her child, regardless of personal cost. Drawing on data from a longitudinal interview study of first-time mothers' feeding practices, the moral context that arises at the intersection of these two discourses is explored. Experts advise mothers to breast-feed and warn of the short-, medium-, and long-term risks associated with formula feeding. Most mothers accept the validity of these expert claims and most initiate breast feeding. However, many abandon breast feeding long before experts recommend. This article considers how mothers deal with the threat to their identities as good, neoliberal citizens and mothers that arises from such feeding practices.
O R I G I N a L I N V E S T I G a T I O N Open Access

Potential association between coronary artery disease and the inflammatory biomarker YKL-40 in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Abstract Background: Inflammation plays an important role in coronary artery disease from the initiation of endothelial dysfunction to plaque formation to final rupture of the plaque. In this study, we investigated the potential pathophysiological and clinical relevance of novel cytokines secreted from various cells including adipocytes, endothelial cells, and inflammatory cells, in predicting coronary artery disease (CAD) in asymptomatic subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Genome-Wide Comparative Analysis Reveals Similar Types of NBS Genes in Hybrid Citrus sinensis Genome and Original Citrus clementine Genome and Provides New Insights into Non-TIR NBS Genes

In this study, we identified and compared nucleotide-binding site (NBS) domain-containing genes from three Citrus genomes (C. clementina, C. sinensis from USA and C. sinensis from China). Phylogenetic analysis of all Citrus NBS genes across these three genomes revealed that there are three approximately evenly numbered groups: one group contains the Toll-Interleukin receptor (TIR) domain and two different Non-TIR groups in which most of proteins contain the Coiled Coil (CC) domain. Motif analysis confirmed that the two groups of CC-containing NBS genes are from different evolutionary origins. We partitioned NBS genes into clades using NBS domain sequence distances and found most clades include NBS genes from all three Citrus genomes. This suggests that three Citrus genomes have similar numbers and types of NBS genes. We also mapped the re-sequenced reads of three pomelo and three mandarin genomes onto the C. sinensis genome. We found that most NBS genes of the hybrid C. sinensis genome have corresponding homologous genes in both pomelo and mandarin genomes. The homologous NBS genes in pomelo and mandarin suggest that the parental species of C. sinensis may contain similar types of NBS genes. This explains why the hybrid C. sinensis and original C. clementina have similar types of NBS genes in this study. Furthermore, we found that sequence variation amongst Citrus NBS genes were shaped by multiple independent and shared accelerated mutation accumulation events among different groups of NBS genes and in different Citrus genomes. Our comparative analyses yield valuable insight into the structure, organization and evolution of NBS genes in Citrus genomes. Furthermore, our comprehensive analysis showed that the non-TIR NBS genes can be divided into two groups that come from different evolutionary origins. This provides new insights into non-TIR genes, which have not received much attention.
Promoters, Transcripts, and Regulatory Proteins of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Geminivirus

ABSTRACT Geminiviruses package circular single-stranded DNA and replicate in the nucleus via a double-stranded intermediate. This intermediate also serves as a template for bidirectional transcription by polymerase II. Here, we map promoters and transcripts and characterize regulatory proteins of Mungbean yellow mosaic virus-Vigna (MYMV), a bipartite geminivirus in the genus Begomovirus. The following new features, which might also apply to other begomoviruses, were revealed in MYMV. The leftward and rightward promoters on DNA-B share the transcription activator AC2-responsive region, which does not overlap the common region that is nearly identical in the two DNA components. The transcription unit for BC1 (movement protein) includes a conserved, leader-based intron. Besides negative-feedback regulation of its own leftward promoter on DNA-A, the replication protein AC1, in cooperation with AC2, synergistically transactivates the rightward promoter, which drives a dicistronic transcription unit for the coat protein AV1. AC2 and the replication enhancer AC3 are expressed from one dicistronic transcript driven by a strong promoter mapped within the upstream AC1 gene. Early and constitutive expression of AC2 is consistent with its essential dual function as an activator of viral transcription and a suppressor of silencing.
Constructing Internet coordinate system based on delay measurement

In this paper, we consider the problem of how to represent the locations of Internet hosts in a Cartesian coordinate system to facilitate estimation of network distances among arbitrary Internet hosts. We envision an infrastructure that consists of beacon nodes and provides the service of estimating network distance between pairs of hosts without direct delay measurement. We show that the principal component analysis (PCA) technique can effectively extract topological information from delay measurements between beacon hosts. Based on PCA, we devise a transformation method that projects the raw distance space into a new coordinate system of (much) smaller dimensions. The transformation retains as much topological information as possible and yet enables end hosts to determine their coordinates in the coordinate system. The resulting new coordinate system is termed as the Internet Coordinate System (ICS). As compared to existing work (e.g., IDMaps and GNP), ICS incurs smaller computation overhead in calculating the coordinates of hosts and smaller measurement overhead (required for end hosts to measure their distances to beacon hosts). Finally, we show via experiments with both real-life and synthetic data sets that ICS makes robust and accurate estimates of network distances, incurs little computational overhead, and its performance is not susceptible to the number of beacon nodes (as long as it exceeds a certain threshold) and the network topology.
Beyond Anorexia: Narrative, Spirituality and Recovery

Part I. Personal Sociology: 1. Descent and return 2. Researching recovery 3. Autobiography, narrative and healing Part II. Anorexia and Recovery: 4. Reinterpreting 'anorexia' 5. Reinterpreting 'recovery' 6. Recovery stories Part III. Spirituality: 7. Society and spirit 8. Rituals of self-transformation 9. Spiritual stories Part IV. The Body: 10. Recreating the body 11. The sexual body 12. The knowing body Epilogue Appendices.
Reshaping Theory in Contemporary Social Work: Toward a Clinical Pluralism in Clinical Practice

Acknowledgments Introduction Part One. Theory and Practice: Orienting Perspectives 1. Taking Multiplicity Seriously: Pluralism, Pragmatism, and Integrative Perspectives in Clinical Social Work, by William BordenPart Two. Inner Experience and Outer Realities 2. Why Cognitive Therapy Needs Social Work, by Sharon Berlin3. The Cognitivization of Psychoanalysis: Toward an Integration of Psychodynamic and Cognitive Theories, by Jerome C. Wakefield and Judith Baer4. Social Work, by Psychobiography, by James J. Clark5. Place Matters: Toward a Rejuvenated Theory of Environment for Direct Social Work Practice, by Susan P. Kemp6. Integrating Developmental Theory and Systemic Perspectives: A Family Resilience Framework for Clinical Practice, by Froma WalshPart Three. Theory by Practice 7. Love and Justice: A Silenced Language of Integrated Practice? , by Janet Finn8. The Role of Theory in Conducting Evidence-Based Clinical Practice, by Stanley McCracken and Tina Rzepnicki9. Practice Theory: Ideas Embedded in a Wise Person's Professional Process, by Malcolm Payne List of ContributorsIndex
Attachment Representations in a Sample of Neglected Preschool-Age Children

A number of studies (see Éthier, 1999) have shown that neglect has a deleterious impact on children's development. However, the effect of neglect on a child's internal representations of their family still needs to be investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the attachment patterns observed in a subsample of neglected children as compared with a control group, using a representational assessment method. The overall sample consisted of 74 preschool-age children, with a clinical group comprised of 39 children referred to social services because of neglect and a control group including 35 children recruited in ordinary kindergartens. Children's attachment representations were assessed with the Doll Play Narrative Classification System (George and Solomon, 1990, 1996, 2000) as well as the complementary Disorganization Scales (George and Solomon, 1998). Mothers' reports consisted of: (1) an in-house socio-demographical questionnaire and (2) the shorter French version of the Parental Stress Index (Bigras et al., 1996). Results showed: (1) a significant difference in attachment representation classifications between the neglected group and the control group even when socio-economic status and maternal stress were controlled for and (2) a significantly higher proportion of avoidant attachment classification in the neglected group. Moreover, neglected avoidant children displayed more overall disorganized markers, and specifically more frightening markers, than normative avoidant children; they also depicted their mother as being less available than normative children. These results are discussed in the light of other findings as well as on theoretical grounds.
Using Software Metrics Thresholds to Predict Fault-Prone Classes in Object-Oriented Software

Most code-based quality measurement approaches are based, at least partially, on values of multiple source code metrics. A class will often be classified as being of poor quality if the values of its metrics are above given thresholds, which are different from one metric to another. The metrics thresholds are calculated using various techniques. In this paper, we investigated two specific techniques: ROC curves and Alves rankings. These techniques are supposed to give metrics thresholds which are practical for code quality measurements or even for fault-proneness prediction. However, Alves Rankings technique has not been validated as being a good choice for fault-proneness prediction, and ROC curves only partially on few datasets. Fault-proneness prediction is an important field of software engineering, as it can be used by developers and testers as a test effort indication to prioritize tests. This will allow a better allocation of resources, reducing therefore testing time and costs, and an improvement of the effectiveness of testing by testing more intensively the components that are likely more fault-prone. In this paper, we wanted to compare empirically the selected threshold calculation methods used as part of fault-proneness prediction techniques. We also used a machine learning technique (Bayes Network) as a baseline for comparison. Thresholds have been calculated for different object-oriented metrics using four different datasets obtained from the PROMISE Repository and another one based on the Eclipse project.
Shared Leadership and Team Learning: Roles of Knowledge Sharing and Team Characteristics

Many organizations adopt work teams to increase performance or achieve specific organizational goals. However, there are still many unrevealed issues in teams’ operation although the researches of teams have been concerned by many studies. Previous researches indicated that team learning is an important strategy that organizations could obtain to gain the competition advantages. In addition, leadership is thought as the critical factor which could achieve the effectiveness of teams. Also, knowledge could enhance and maintain the competition advantages of organizations while knowledge sharing could accumulate knowledge, improve capability, and be the important factor of organizational learning. This study included thirty-five work teams to investigate the mutual relationships among shared leadership, knowledge sharing, team characteristics and team learning. The results indicate that shared leadership significantly and positively affects team learning. However, knowledge sharing mediates the shared leadership and team learning. In addition, team characteristics moderate the relationship between shared leadership and team learning.