Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global and Local Policing: Common Principles for the Future of Policing

Police agencies throughout the world find themselves facing competing demands. On the one hand, the community policing movement emphasizes the need to focus at a neighborhood level and to increase ties with local citizens, businesses, and neighborhood groups. At the same time, processes of globalization and technological innovation generate new forms of crime, criminal organizations, and terrorism that span national borders. Rather than making a forced choice between a local or global focus, the thesis of this article is that police agencies will need to expand their mission to include both global and local dimensions. Examination of both community policing and transnational policing identifies a set of core principles that can guide a new model of global and local policing. These include partnerships, proactive and strategic problem solving, targeted deterrence, smart prosecution, outcome‐based accountability, ethics and leadership. Examples drawn from the U.S. Department of Justice's Project Safe Neighborhoods and the Drug Enforcement Administration's model of transnational policing are used to illustrate these core principles. The article concludes by considering the tensions and challenges that emerge and that must be addressed if this model of global and local policing is to be successful.
Prosodic realizations of text structure

Het onderzoek waarover in dit proefschrift wordt gerapporteerd betreft de relatie tussen tekststructuur en prosodie. Tekststructuur heeft te maken met de wijze waarop teksten opgebouwd zijn. Een tekst is een verzameling van zinnen die met elkaar samenhangen. Deze samenhang kan weergegeven worden in een hierarchische structuur. Een tekstanalyse die gericht is op het verkrijgen van zo’n hierarchische structuur verloopt als volgt. Op grond van de tekstrelatie die de tekst domineert, wordt de tekst verdeeld in enkele grote teksteenheden; vervolgens wordt op grond van de tekstrelatie die deze teksteenheid domineert de eenheid opgesplitst, en zo verder, tot uiteindelijk de individuele zinnen zijn bereikt. De relaties tussen de zinnen van de tekst zijn dan volledig weergegeven in een hierarchisch georganiseerde structuur.
Bounded Linear Logic

A typed, modular paradigm for polynomial time computation is proposed. Comments University of Pennsylvania Department of Computer and Information Sciences Technical Report No. MSCIS-91-59. This technical report is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn. edu/cis_reports/338 Bounded Linear Logic: A Modular Approach to Polynomial Time Computability MS-CIS-91-59 LOGIC & COMPUTATION 36 Jean-Yves Girard Andre Scedrov Philip J. Scott Department of Computer and Information Science School of Engineering and Applied Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6389
It's Time There Was an App for That Too: A Usability Study of Mobile Timebanking

Timebanking refers to community-based volunteering in which participants provide and receive services in exchange for time credits. Although timebanking takes advantage of web technologies, the lack of flexibility in managing web-based timebanking transactions and the difficulty of attracting younger adults whose contributions would be highly valuable to the community still remain as major challenges. The authors' design research attempts to address these issues by leveraging the unique affordances of smartphones and their attractiveness to young adults. In this paper, the authors introduce a timebanking smartphone application and present a 5-week user study with 32 young adults. The results highlight the potential of timebanking for young population with an application that facilitates access to communications and transaction-management activities, and strengthens social connection and the sense of community attachment. The authors in particular present new affordances of smartphone technology on timebanking, including (1) transaction time reduction, (2) location and time-sensitive timebanking activity support, and (3) real-time coordination. The authors discuss design challenges and opportunities of smartphone-based timebanking.
Democratic Governance and Post-conflict Reconstruction

The concept of democracy has long fuelled controversy among international legal scholars, especially concerning its definition. This article is an attempt to single out three constitutive elements of democracy that have been subject to extensive scrutiny in the practice of electoral assistance and the more comprehensive peace-building and state-building missions that the UN has taken up or supported since the end of the twentieth century: freeand fair elections, freedom of association – with emphasis on the freedom to establish political parties – and freedom of expression. In doing so, this paper examines the role and the importance of each of these three constitutive elements in the practice pertaining to post-conflict reconstruction of Kosovo, East Timor, Afghanistan, and Iraq.
Risk Factors for Depression in Children and Adolescents with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders

The objective of our study was to examine, discuss, and provide proposals on diagnostic comorbidity of depression in children and adolescents with high functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD) in the following aspects. (1) Prevalence. It was concluded that there are an elevated depression rate and the need for longitudinal studies to determine prevalence and incidence based on functioning level, autistic symptoms, gender, age, type of depression, prognosis, duration, and treatment. (2) Explicative Hypotheses and Vulnerability. The factors that present the greatest specific risk are higher cognitive functioning, self-awareness of deficit, capacity for introspection, stressful life events, adolescence, quality of social relationships, and alexithymia. (3) Risk of Suicide. The need for control and detection of suicidal tendencies and bullying is emphasised. (4) Depressive Symptoms. Indicators for early detection are proposed and their overlap with HFASD is analysed, examining the assessment techniques used and arguing that specific adapted tests are needed.
Pessimistic Explanatory Style, Stress, and Illness

College students completed questionnaires measuring their explanatory style and health status. Four weeks later, they completed questionnaires measuring major life events, hassles, and health status. Contrary to the prediction of the reformulated helplessness model, the occurrence of bad life events did not interact with explanatory style to predispose poor health. However, the tendency to explain bad events with stable and global causes was related to reports of hassles. Reports of hassles were in turn related to poor health status. These results were obtained even when initial health status was held constant. Implications of these results were discussed, particularly with regard to the helplessness reformulation as a diathesis-stress model.
Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy Combined with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over Premotor Cortex Improves Motor Function in Severe Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective. We compared the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation at different cortical sites (premotor and motor primary cortex) combined with constraint-induced movement therapy for treatment of stroke patients. Design. Sixty patients were randomly distributed into 3 groups: Group A, anodal stimulation on premotor cortex and constraint-induced movement therapy; Group B, anodal stimulation on primary motor cortex and constraint-induced movement therapy; Group C, sham stimulation and constraint-induced movement therapy. Evaluations involved analysis of functional independence, motor recovery, spasticity, gross motor function, and muscle strength. Results. A significant improvement in primary outcome (functional independence) after treatment in the premotor group followed by primary motor group and sham group was observed. The same pattern of improvement was highlighted among all secondary outcome measures regarding the superior performance of the premotor group over primary motor and sham groups. Conclusions. Premotor cortex can contribute to motor function in patients with severe functional disabilities in early stages of stroke. This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov database (NCT 02628561).
College Diversity Experiences and Cognitive Development: A Meta-Analysis

In light of rapid demographic shifts and legal challenges to affirmative action in the United States, the issue of diversity on college campuses is of increasing importance. Most syntheses of research on diversity interactions and educational outcomes have focused on attitude change, such as reductions in prejudice or racial bias. Despite the presence of numerous studies on college diversity experiences and cognitive development, no research has systematically reviewed the literature on this topic. The current study uses meta-analysis to examine this relationship systematically. The findings suggest that several types of diversity experiences are positively related to several cognitive outcomes, but the magnitude of the effect varies substantially depending on the type of diversity experience, the type of cognitive outcome, and the study design. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Body size and extinction risk in Brazilian carnivores

Debido a que las extinciones no son aleatorias a traves de los diferentes taxa, es importante para los biologos de la conservacion identificar las caracteristicas que hacen a algunas especies mas vulnerables. Los factores asociados con la vulnerabilidad incluyen distribuciones geograficas pequenas, densidades poblacionales bajas, niveles troficos altos, historias de vida "lentas", tamano del cuerpo, y tolerancia a habitats alterados. En este estudio examinamos la relacion del tamano corporal, el potencial reproductivo y la longevidad con el riesgo de extincion para los carnivoros brasileros. Realizamos analisis de modelos lineares generalizados con contrastes filogeneticamente independientes para probar el efecto del tamano corporal solo, y el efecto combinado del tamano corporal, el tamano de la camada y la longevidad sobre el riesgo de extincion. El tamano del cuerpo aparecio en los dos mejores modelos de acuerdo con el criterio de seleccion (AIC) y es la variable bionomica mas plausible afectando el riesgo de extincion. El tamano de la prole y longevidad, otras variables bionomicas que han presentado tal efecto en otros estudios, fueron implausibles. La mayor probabilidad de amenaza para las especies grandes puede deberse a que el tamano del cuerpo afecta la vulnerabilidad a diferentes actividades humanas como la caza, la destruccion y fragmentacion del habitat, y al tamano reducido de la mayoria de areas protegidas.
A Model for Software Product Quality

A model for software product quality is defined, it has been formulated by associating a set of quality-carrying properties with each of the structural forms that are used to define the statements and statement components of a programming language. These quality-carrying properties are in turn linked to the high-level quality attributes of the International Standard for Software Product Evaluation ISO-9126. The model supports building quality into software, definition of language-specific coding standards, systematically classifying quality defects, and the development of automated code auditors for detecting defects in software. >
Performance on the Iowa Gambling Task in a Sample of Hypersexual Men

Executive dysfunction, characterized by impaired decision making and impulsivity, has been suspected among individuals seeking treatment for hypersexuality, yet few studies have formally investigated this topic. The present study used the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), an objective neuropsychological instrument, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), a self-report measure, to assess decision-making characteristics and impulsivity in a sample of hypersexual men. Treatment-seeking males with clinically elevated scores on the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI-19) and who otherwise met criteria for hypersexuality completed the IGT and BIS. Results were compared to a control condition. The current analysis identified significant group differences on the IGT and the BIS. Hypersexual participants selected decks containing frequent loss penalties at a greater frequency than controls on the IGT and endorsed elevated levels of impulsivity on the BIS. The current results reflect non-normative responses on both measures and are consistent with a pattern of executive dysregulation in hypersexual individuals.
Quality of optical diagnosis of diminutive polyps and associated factors

Background and aims: The aim of the study was to identify endoscopist-related and procedural factors that may be associated with the quality of optical diagnosis of diminutive polyps using narrow-band imaging (NBI). Methods: All subjects who participated in a randomized trial on cap-assisted colonoscopy were eligible for the current study. Optical polyp diagnosis was an a priori outcome of the initial trial. Ten participating endoscopists used NBI to assess all of the diagnosed polyps as adenomatous or non-adenomatous in real-time and provided a degree of diagnostic certainty. The main outcome measures were quality benchmarks of optical diagnosis (negative predictive value [NPV] for diminutive rectosigmoid adenomas, agreement with pathology-based surveillance interval) and assessment of endoscopist-related and procedural factors potentially associated with the quality of optical diagnosis. Results: A total of 1650 polyps were found in 607 patients, with 1311 polyps (79 %) being diminutive, of which 672 (53 %) were adenomatous. The NPV of optical diagnosis for rectosigmoid adenomas was 95 %. The optical diagnosis-based surveillance interval agreed with the pathology-based recommendation in 93 % of patients. Prior experience with image-enhanced endoscopy had no effect on optical diagnosis. Low and high adenoma detectors were not different in achieving the quality benchmarks. Cap-assisted colonoscopy was not associated with quality of optical diagnosis. Quality metrics of optical diagnosis remained similar during the first and second half of the study period. Conclusion: High quality optical diagnosis of diminutive polyps can be achieved and sustained by endoscopists previously inexperienced in this practice with minimal training. None of the examined factors appear to affect the quality of optical diagnosis; particularly, endoscopists’ adenoma detection was not associated with optical diagnosis.
Post-Translational Inhibition of IP-10 Secretion in IEC by Probiotic Bacteria: Impact on Chronic Inflammation

Background Clinical and experimental studies suggest that the probiotic mixture VSL#3 has protective activities in the context of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of the study was to reveal bacterial strain-specific molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory potential of VSL#3 in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). Methodology/Principal Findings VSL#3 inhibited TNF-induced secretion of the T-cell chemokine interferon-inducible protein (IP-10) in Mode-K cells. Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) cell surface proteins were identified as active anti-inflammatory components of VSL#3. Interestingly, L. casei failed to block TNF-induced IP-10 promoter activity or IP-10 gene transcription at the mRNA expression level but completely inhibited IP-10 protein secretion as well as IP-10-mediated T-cell transmigration. Kinetic studies, pulse-chase experiments and the use of a pharmacological inhibitor for the export machinery (brefeldin A) showed that L. casei did not impair initial IP-10 production but decreased intracellular IP-10 protein stability as a result of blocked IP-10 secretion. Although L. casei induced IP-10 ubiquitination, the inhibition of proteasomal or lysosomal degradation did not prevent the loss of intracellular IP-10. Most important for the mechanistic understanding, the inhibition of vesicular trafficking by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) inhibited IP-10 but not IL-6 expression, mimicking the inhibitory effects of L. casei. These findings suggest that L. casei impairs vesicular pathways important for the secretion of IP-10, followed by subsequent degradation of the proinflammatory chemokine. Feeding studies in TNFΔARE and IL-10−/− mice revealed a compartimentalized protection of VSL#3 on the development of cecal but not on ileal or colonic inflammation. Consistent with reduced tissue pathology in IL-10−/− mice, IP-10 protein expression was reduced in primary epithelial cells. Conclusions/Significance We demonstrate segment specific effects of probiotic intervention that correlate with reduced IP-10 protein expression in the native epithelium. Furthermore, we revealed post-translational degradation of IP-10 protein in IEC to be the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effect.
Differentiating ‘developmentally appropriate’: The multidimensional curriculum model for young gifted children

Guidelines for developmentally‐based programs geared to average children in early childhood classrooms do not readily translate into appropriate programming and practices for young gifted children. This article identifies some of the inherent problems involved and presents a differentiated definition of devel‐opmentally appropriate programming and practices which specifically targets the special needs of young gifted children. The article concludes by introducing a Multidimensional Curriculum Model which can be used to design developmentally‐based curricula appropriate for young gifted children and which can be implemented in either mixed‐ability classrooms or in more homogeneous settings.
Patterns and Predictors of Adult Age Differences in Mental Imagery

Abstract Adult age differences in, and predictors of, component imagery processes were examined across a broad elderly adult age range (65-86 years). Relative to younger adults, older adults were slower and less accurate on tasks of image generation, maintenance, scanning, and rotation. Ability to maintain mental images in particular was compromised by older age. Manipulations of stimulus complexity produced inconsistent differential age effects across tasks. Processing speed and sensorimotor functioning were prominent predictors of performance and age-related variance in all imagery components, with smaller contributions from working memory and executive function. These findings suggest that age-related decrements in individual imagery processes depend primarily on how quickly information can be processed and on the neurophysiological integrity of the ageing brain.
Rethinking fragmentation and diversity in psychology.

dieting is needed more than ever. From our perspective, however, the obesity epidemic provides testimony to the ineffectuality of (unrealistic) dieting, which has accompanied, and possibly contributed to, this epidemic. As for the other domains of self-change, the message is the same: Unrealistic hopes fuel failure, and given the constant rededication to self-change that characterizes our society, we can safely assume that much of the hope that motivates self-change is indeed false.
Studies on Carcinogenic and Toxic Effects of Ochratoxin A in Chicks

Carcinogenic/toxic effects of ochratoxin A (OTA) in various internal organs of Plymouth Rock chicks were determined. The number of OTA-induced neoplasms was similar in chicks given 25 ppm L-β-phenylalanine (PHE) in addition to 5 ppm OTA compared to chicks given only 5 ppm OTA, which showed that PHE cannot be used as a real protector against the carcinogenic or toxic effects of OTA in chicks. OTA was found to provoke strong degenerative changes in liver and kidneys, degenerative changes and depletion of cells in lymphoid organs, oedematous and degenerative changes in the brain, muscular haemorrhages and fatty changes in the bone marrow. The target organs for carcinogenic effect of OTA in chicks were found to be kidneys and liver.
A new design methodology based on sytem-level interconnect prediction

In current deep sub-micron chip design, interconnect effects start to dominate the chip’s performance. Therefore, the design flow has to become more interconnect-oriented. To limit the number of design iterations (and hence improve the time-to-market) one has to estimate interconnect parameters and their impact as early as possible. This is the goal of the field of System-Level Interconnect Prediction. New research results are becoming available and the last couple of years have brought both more interest and more progress in the field than in the thirty years before. This paper is an introduction to the field and provides an overview of some of the recent advances in system-level interconnect prediction, including several applications.
EEG-fMRI measures of functional brain connectivity in epilepsy

A study of the epileptic seizure dynamics using simultaneous recording of electroencephalography correlated functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) data from 5 focal epilepsy patients undergoing pre-surgical evaluation was realised with the aim of identifying the focus and propagation network seizure-involved. A method based on the General Linear Model (GLM) at different neurophysiology regressor lags (LasgM), a connectivity model-based method, Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM), and a data-driven method, Granger Causality (GC) were investigated. DCM analysis provided meaningful and significant results when a sufficient number of seizure events was recorded, but suffered from the generally poor data signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The concordance between the LagsM results and the clinical expectation suggests that LagsM can be useful as a complementary approach. Intending to establish the validity of a GC approach for the problem addressed, a simulation study was performed and the results showed that it is not appropriated.
NET AND JET

How does the connectivity afforded by new communication and transportation technologies affect entrepreneurs' geographic and social closeness to each other? Using qualitative and quantitative evidence we analyse how Chinese Canadian entrepreneurs combine the Internet and airplane travel in their business activities. Our results show that the use of new communication and transportation technologies are positively related to the creation and maintenance of ‘glocalized’ networks, a function of both local embeddedness and global outreach. We find that online interaction cannot replace face-to-face interaction; travel abroad is crucial for adding a human touch to glocalized networks. Moreover, while technologies help to liberate communication from being local, Internet use and travel have limited impact on the ethnic diversity of the entrepreneurs' social networks.