Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Future directions of crisis communication research: Emotions in crisis – The next frontier

The incinerator at a factory explodes. Workers close by perish. When news breaks, fear creeps in. The factory owners try their best to contain the crisis, but all around them, people are distraught. Top managers are sad, fellow workers are anxious, family members of the deceased are angry, the community is frightened that the explosion may have untold repercussions. The owners do the next best thing they know how: call in crisis consultants to devise the most appropriate strategies to deal with these primary publics. Yet, they cannot quite get through to them. Why? One possible reason is that these strategies do not take into account the emotional upheavals these publics face.
Working Memory, Thought, and Action

1. Introduction and overview 2. Why do we need a phonological loop? 3. The phonological loop: challenges and growing points 4. Visuospatial short-term memory 5. Imagery and the visuospatial sketchpad 6. Recency retrieval and the constant ratio rule 7. Fractionating the central executive 8. Long-term memory and the episodic buffer 9. Exploring the episodic buffer 10. Individual differences in working memory 11. What limits working memory span 12. Neuroimaging working memory 13. Working memory and social behaviour 14. Working memory and emotion I: fear and craving 15. Working memory and emotion II: depression and the well-springs of action 16. Working memory and consciousness 17. Multilevel control of action 18. Working memory in context: life, the universe and everything
Guiding center linear magnetoresistance in the semi-classical regime

We predict that an unconventional guiding center (GC) motion yields a new mechanism for linear and non-saturating (transverse) magnetoresistance in 3D metals. Our theory is semi-classical and applies in the regime where the transport time is much greater than the cyclotron period, and for weak disorder potentials which are slowly varying on a length scale much greater than the cyclotron radius. Under these conditions, orbits with small momenta along magnetic field, B, are partially trapped and dominate the transverse conductivity. When disorder potentials are stronger than the Debye frequency, linear magnetoresistance is predicted to survive up to room temperature and beyond. We argue that the new GC magnetoresistance mechanism accounts for the recently observed giant linear magnetoresistance seen in 3D Dirac materials.
Separate Intramolecular Targets for Protein Kinase A Control N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptor Gating and Ca2+ Permeability*

Background: PKA increases NMDA receptor responses and phosphorylates multiple residues on C-terminal domains (CTD). Results: PKA inhibition reduced gating through GluN2B CTD and reduced Ca2+ permeability through GluN1 CTD. Conclusion: PKA controls NMDA receptor gating and Ca2+ permeability through distinct sites. Significance: Dissecting the complex modulatory effects of PKA on NMDA receptors helps delineate fundamental mechanisms of synaptic regulation. Protein kinase A (PKA) enhances synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system by increasing NMDA receptor current amplitude and Ca2+ flux in an isoform-dependent yet poorly understood manner. PKA phosphorylates multiple residues on GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B subunits in vivo, but the functional significance of this multiplicity is unknown. We examined gating and permeation properties of recombinant NMDA receptor isoforms and of receptors with altered C-terminal domain (CTDs) prior to and after pharmacological inhibition of PKA. We found that PKA inhibition decreased GluN1/GluN2B but not GluN1/GluN2A gating; this effect was due to slower rates for receptor activation and resensitization and was mediated exclusively by the GluN2B CTD. In contrast, PKA inhibition reduced NMDA receptor-relative Ca2+ permeability (PCa/PNa) regardless of the GluN2 isoform and required the GluN1 CTD; this effect was due primarily to decreased unitary Ca2+ conductance, because neither Na+ conductance nor Ca2+-dependent block was altered substantially. Finally, we show that both the gating and permeation effects can be reproduced by changing the phosphorylation state of a single residue: GluN2B Ser-1166 and GluN1 Ser-897, respectively. We conclude that PKA effects on NMDA receptor gating and Ca2+ permeability rely on distinct phosphorylation sites located on the CTD of GluN2B and GluN1 subunits. This separate control of NMDA receptor properties by PKA may account for the specific effects of PKA on plasticity during synaptic development and may lead to drugs targeted to alter NMDA receptor gating or Ca2+ permeability.
College Student's Blood Donation Behavior:

A study was undertaken to empirically investigate whether the student market could be further segmented into blood donor and nondonor markets based on their demographic characteristics, perceived risks, and influence on non-monetary incentives. While significant differences were found between donors and non-donors based on their gender, blood type, student classification, and influence of incentives, no differences were found between the four (physical, psychological, social, or time) dimensions of perceived risk. Discussion focuses on strategies for blood collection agencies for student markets.
Application of SCIAMACHY and MOPITT CO total column measurements to evaluate model results over biomass burning regions and Eastern China

We developed a new CO vertical column density product from near IR observations of the SCIAMACHY instrument onboard ENVISAT. For the correction of a temporally and spatially variable offset of the CO vertical column densities we apply a normalisation procedure based on coincident MOPITT (version 4) observations over the oceans. The resulting normalised SCIAMACHY CO data is well suited for the investigation of the CO distribution over continents, where important emission sources are located. We use only SCIAMACHY observations for effective cloud fractions below 20 %. Since the remaining effects of clouds can still be large (up to 100 %), we applied a cloud correction scheme which explicitly considers the cloud fraction, cloud top height and surface albedo of individual observations. The normalisation procedure using MOPITT data and the cloud correction substantially improve the agreement with independent data sets. We compared our new SCIAMACHY CO data set, and also observations from the MOPITT instrument, to the results from three global atmospheric chemistry models (MATCH, EMAC at low and high resolution, and GEOS-Chem); the focus of this comparison is on regions with strong CO emissions (from biomass burning or anthropogenic sources). The comparison indicates that over most of these regions the seasonal cycle is generally captured well but the simulated CO vertical column densities are systematically smaller than those from the satellite observations, in particular with respect to SCIAMACHY observations. Because SCIAMACHY is more sensitive to the lowest part of the atmosphere compared to MOPITT, this indicates that especially close to the surface the model simulations systematically underestimate the true atmospheric CO concentrations, probably caused by an underestimation of CO emissions by current emission inventories. For some biomass burning regions, however, such as Central Africa in July–August, model results are also found to be higher than the satellite observations.
GrowMatch: An Automated Method for Reconciling In Silico/In Vivo Growth Predictions

Genome-scale metabolic reconstructions are typically validated by comparing in silico growth predictions across different mutants utilizing different carbon sources with in vivo growth data. This comparison results in two types of model-prediction inconsistencies; either the model predicts growth when no growth is observed in the experiment (GNG inconsistencies) or the model predicts no growth when the experiment reveals growth (NGG inconsistencies). Here we propose an optimization-based framework, GrowMatch, to automatically reconcile GNG predictions (by suppressing functionalities in the model) and NGG predictions (by adding functionalities to the model). We use GrowMatch to resolve inconsistencies between the predictions of the latest in silico Escherichia coli (iAF1260) model and the in vivo data available in the Keio collection and improved the consistency of in silico with in vivo predictions from 90.6% to 96.7%. Specifically, we were able to suggest consistency-restoring hypotheses for 56/72 GNG mutants and 13/38 NGG mutants. GrowMatch resolved 18 GNG inconsistencies by suggesting suppressions in the mutant metabolic networks. Fifteen inconsistencies were resolved by suppressing isozymes in the metabolic network, and the remaining 23 GNG mutants corresponding to blocked genes were resolved by suitably modifying the biomass equation of iAF1260. GrowMatch suggested consistency-restoring hypotheses for five NGG mutants by adding functionalities to the model whereas the remaining eight inconsistencies were resolved by pinpointing possible alternate genes that carry out the function of the deleted gene. For many cases, GrowMatch identified fairly nonintuitive model modification hypotheses that would have been difficult to pinpoint through inspection alone. In addition, GrowMatch can be used during the construction phase of new, as opposed to existing, genome-scale metabolic models, leading to more expedient and accurate reconstructions.
Reliable and Reproducible GABA Measurements Using Automated Spectral Prescription at Ultra-High Field

Purpose: To evaluate spectral acquisition processes important for obtaining reliable and reproducible γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signals from volunteers in brain regions that are frequently used for neuroimaging studies [anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), superior temporal gyrus, and caudate] at ultra-high field. Methods: Ten healthy volunteers were studied using a single-voxel Point-RESolved Spectrosocpy (PRESS) sequence with band selective inversion with gradient dephasing pulses (BASING). The editing pulse was designed to be symmetrically placed at 2.0 and 1.4 ppm in the two cycles to reduce the co-editing of macro-molecules (MM). Spectral data were obtained with phase encoding matrix 8 × 8 × 1 and two editing cycles or 1 × 1 × 1 and 64 editing/64 non-editing. The total acquisition time was approximately 4.5 min for each acquisition. An automated MRS prescription method was utilized for the placement of the GABA scan location in 5/10 subjects. Three regions of interest were predefined in the MNI152 space and then registered and transformed to subject space. These volunteers also had repeat scans to examine between-session reproducibility. Results: The placement of editing pulses symmetrically at 1.7 ppm reduced the effect of MM contributions and provided more accurate GABA estimation. Chemical shift misregistration errors caused by classic PRESS localization sequence are more significant at ultra-high field strength. Therefore, a large over-excitation factor was needed to reduce this error. Furthermore, the inefficiency of saturation bands and unspoiled coherence could also interfere with the quality of the data. Reliable recovery of metabolite signals resulted from the implementation of 8 × 8 × 1 phase encoding that successfully removed artifacts and errors, without compromising the total acquisition time. Between successive scans on the same subject, dice overlap ratios of the excited spectral volume between the two scans were in the range of 92–95%. Within subject variability of metabolites between two repeat scans was smaller in the ACC and left superior temporal gyrus when compared to that in the right caudate, with averaged coefficients of variation being 3.6, 6.0, and 16.9%, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the feasibility of obtaining reliable and reproducible GABA measurements at ultra-high field.
Genome Wide Analysis of Fertility and Production Traits in Italian Holstein Cattle

A genome wide scan was performed on a total of 2093 Italian Holstein proven bulls genotyped with 50K single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), with the objective of identifying loci associated with fertility related traits and to test their effects on milk production traits. The analysis was carried out using estimated breeding values for the aggregate fertility index and for each trait contributing to the index: angularity, calving interval, non-return rate at 56 days, days to first service, and 305 day first parity lactation. In addition, two production traits not included in the aggregate fertility index were analysed: fat yield and protein yield. Analyses were carried out using all SNPs treated separately, further the most significant marker on BTA14 associated to milk quality located in the DGAT1 region was treated as fixed effect. Genome wide association analysis identified 61 significant SNPs and 75 significant marker-trait associations. Eight additional SNP associations were detected when SNP located near DGAT1 was included as a fixed effect. As there were no obvious common SNPs between the traits analyzed independently in this study, a network analysis was carried out to identify unforeseen relationships that may link production and fertility traits.
Thermoablation Treatment for Trichiasis in Trachoma Using the Semiconductor Diode Pumped Laser

Purpose The aim of this prospective study was to verify the efficacy of laser therapy for trichiasis in trachoma. Trichiasis is one of the most important complications of trachoma which is endemic in Sanliurfa, a city in the southeast of Turkey. Methods Twenty-eight eyelids of 22 patients - 15 males and 7 females - with trichiasis related to trachoma involving the upper, lower, or both lids, were included in the study and treated with a semiconductor diode-pumped, frequency-doubled, solid-state laser operating true CW at 532 nm. Results 19 (67.9%) of the lids were successfully treated in two sessions or less. Six lids (21.4%) required a third laser session and three (10.7%) a fourth session. Mild notching or dimpling occurred in two eyelids (5.6%). Postoperative swelling was minimal or absent. Conclusions The results show that laser treatment may be successful for trichiasis caused by trachoma. Laser thermoablation is an effective and safe method, with many advantages over other modalities.
The effect of self-efficacy on the lifelong learning tendencies of Computer Education and Instructional Technologies students: A case study

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self-efficacy on the lifelong learning tendencies of Computer Education and Instructional Technologies (CEIT) pre-service teachers. The second aim was to determine the level of lifelong learning tendencies of those pre-service teachers and to investigate how it differs with respect to some variables. Data were collected from the pre-service teachers of Computer Education and Instructional Technologies (CEIT) department of a large foundation university located in Istanbul, Turkey. CEIT students’ lifelong learning tendency was assessed by Coskun Diker and Demirel’s (2010) 27-item Lifelong Learning Tendency Scale. Students’ self-efficacy was measured by a 17-item scale which was originally developed and validated by Sherer and Adams (1983) and translated into Turkish by Yildirim and Ilhan (2010). The data was analyzed using IBM SPPS Statistics 19. The results of this study may give guidance to administrators, faculty members and consultants who wish to empower students to manage their own learning and help them develop more positive attitudes towards lifelong learning.
The Role of Negative Life Events in Comorbid Reactive Aggression and Marijuana Use Initiation among Latino Adolescents

Compelling epidemiological evidence shows that marijuana use is highly comorbid with aggressive behavior, particularly among adolescents and young adults; yet the causal nexus between these 2 phenomena remains elusive. To better understand the comorbidity of specific subtypes of aggression and marijuana use, this study evaluated associations between proactive and reactive aggression and marijuana use initiation and examined whether negative life events (NLEs) partially accounted for the link between reactive aggression and marijuana use initiation in a sample of Latino adolescents (N = 144, 54% male, mean age = 16.25 years). Results indicated that approximately 43% of participants had tried marijuana. NLEs were associated with both marijuana use initiation and reactive aggression, but were unrelated to proactive aggression, thereby providing support for similar environmental correlates for reactive aggression and marijuana use. Further, a test of indirect effects suggested that NLEs partially accounted for the link between reactive aggression and marijuana use initiation, with NLEs accounting for 14% of the variance in this association. Implications for intervention and future directions for research are discussed.
Efikasi Diri, Dukungan Sosial Dan Penyesuaian Diri Dalam Belajar

Abstract , This study aimed to test whether there is a relationship of self-efficacy and social support with students adjustment in learning. Subjects were 123 students of class VII students consisting of 62 men and 61 women taken at random in SMP Negeri 1 Larangan kabupaten Pamekasan. The results of multiple regression analysis obtained for R = 0.759 ; F = 81.600 , p = 0.000 ( p < 0.01 ) . The results of the analysis of this data show self-efficacy and social support of parents jointly associated with the adjustment of students in learning , at 56.9 % . Results of correlation analysis of self-efficacy with self-adjustment of students in the learning acquired partial r = 0.430 ; t = 5.222 and p = 0.000 ( p < 0.01 ) . These data show there is a positive correlation between self-efficacy with self-adjustment of students in learning , with effective contribution of 24.22% . The results of correlation analysis of parent social support with students adjustment in learning obtained partial r = 0.580 ; t = 7.799 and p = 0.000 ( p < 0.01 ) . These data show there is a positive correlation between social support of parents with students adjustment in learning, the effective contribution of 32.68%. Keyword : Adjustment, self efficacy, social support of parents.
Mifepristone Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Cell Growth In vitro and In vivo

Purpose: These studies were designed to determine whether the synthetic steroid mifepristone inhibits ovarian cancer growth in vitro and in vivo and the molecular mechanisms involved. Experimental Design: The effect of mifepristone on ovarian cancer cell growth in vitro was studied in ovarian cancer cell lines of different genetic backgrounds (SK-OV-3, Caov-3, OV2008, and IGROV-1). In addition, the growth inhibition capacity of mifepristone on ovarian carcinoma xenografts was tested in nude mice. Results: Mifepristone inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The cytostatic effect of mifepristone was confirmed in a clonogenic survival assay and was not linked to loss of viability. Mifepristone blocked DNA synthesis, arrested the cell cycle at the G1-S transition, up-regulated cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors p21cip1and p27kip1, down-regulated transcription factor E2F1, decreased expression of the E2F1-regulated genes cdk1 (cdc2) and cyclin A, and modestly decreased cdk2 and cyclin E levels. The abrupt arrest in cell growth induced by mifepristone correlated with reduced cdk2 activity, increased association of cdk2 with p21cip1 and p27kip1, increased nuclear localization of the cdk inhibitors, and reduced nuclear abundance of cdk2 and cyclin E. In vivo, mifepristone significantly delayed the growth of ovarian carcinoma xenografts in a dose-dependent manner and without apparent toxic effects for the animals. Conclusions: These preclinical studies show that mifepristone is effective as a single agent in vitro and in vivo, inhibiting the growth of human epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Mifepristone markedly reduces cdk2 activity likely due to increased association of cdk2 with the cdk inhibitors p21cip1 and p27kip1 and reduced nuclear cdk2/cyclin E complex availability. Acting as a cytostatic agent, mifepristone promises to be of translational significance in ovarian cancer therapeutics.
Alignment of site versus adjudication committee–based diagnosis with patient outcomes: Insights from the Providing Rapid Out of Hospital Acute Cardiovascular Treatment 3 trial

Background: Adjudication by an adjudication committee in clinical trials plays an important role in the assessment of outcomes. Controversy exists regarding the utility of adjudication committee versus site-based assessments and their relationship to subsequent clinical events. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of the Providing Rapid Out of Hospital Acute Cardiovascular Treatment-3 trial, which randomized patients with chest pain or shortness of breath for biomarker testing in the ambulance. The emergency department physician diagnosis at the time of emergency department disposition was compared with an adjudicated diagnosis assigned by an adjudication committee. The level of agreement between emergency department and adjudication committee diagnosis was evaluated using kappa coefficient and compared to clinical outcomes (30-day re-hospitalization, 30-day and 1-year mortality). Results: Of the 477 patients, 49.3% were male with a median age of 70 years; hospital admission rate was 31.2%. The emergency department physicians and the adjudication committee disagreed in 55 cases (11.5%) with a kappa of 0.71 (95% confidence interval: 0.64, 0.78). The 30-day re-hospitalization, 30-day mortality, and 1-year mortality were 22%, 1.9%, and 9.4%, respectively. Although there were similar rates of re-hospitalization irrespective of adjudication, in cases of disagreement compared to agreement between adjudication committee and emergency department diagnosis, there was a higher 30-day (7.3% vs 1.2%, p = 0.002) and 1-year mortality (27.3% vs 7.1%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Despite substantial agreement between the diagnosis of emergency department physicians and adjudication committee, in the subgroup of patients where there was disagreement, there was significantly worse short-term and long-term mortality.
Design and Analysis of the Progressive Second Price Auction for Network Bandwidth Sharing

We present the Progressive Second Price auction, a new decentralized mechanism for allocation of variable-size shares of a resource among multiple users. Unlike most mechanisms in the economics litterature, PSP is designed with a very small message space, making it suitable for real-time market pricing of communication bandwidth. Under elastic demand, the PSP auction is incentive compatible and stable, in that it has a \truthful" -Nash equilibrium where all players bid at prices equal to their marginal valuation of the resource. PSP is economically e cient in that the equilibrium allocation maximizes total user value. With simulations using a protype implementation of the auction game on the Internet, we investigate how convergence times scale with the number of bidders, as well as the trade-o between engineering and economic e ciency. We also provide a rate-distortion Parts of this work were presented at the 8 International Symposium on Dynamic Games and Applications, Maastricht, The Netherlands, July 1998, and at the DIMACS Workshop on Economics, Game Theory, and the Internet, Rutgers, NJ, April 1997. Corresponding author.