Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unexpected patterns of genetic structuring among locations but not colour morphs in Acropora nasuta (Cnidaria; Scleractinia)

Symbiotic relationships have contributed greatly to the evolution and maintenance of biological diversity. On the Great Barrier Reef, species of obligate coral‐dwelling fishes (genus Gobiodon) coexist by selectively recruiting to colonies of Acropora nasuta that differ in branch‐tip colour. In this study, we investigate genetic variability among sympatric populations of two colour morphs of A. nasuta (‘blue‐tip’ and ‘brown‐tip’) living in symbiosis with two fish species, Gobiodon histrio and G. quinquestrigatus, respectively, to determine whether gobies are selecting between intraspecific colour polymorphisms or cryptic coral species. We also examine genetic differentiation among coral populations containing both these colour morphs that are separated by metres between local sites, tens of kilometres across the continental shelf and hundreds of kilometres along the Great Barrier Reef. We use three nuclear DNA loci, two of which we present here for the first time for Acropora. No significant genetic differentiation was detected between sympatric colour morphs at these three loci. Hence, symbiotic gobies are selecting among colour morphs of A. nasuta, rather than cryptic species. Significant genetic geographical structuring was observed among populations, independent of colour, at regional (i.e. latitudinal separation by < 500 km) and cross‐shelf (< 50 km) scales, alongside relative homogeneity between local populations on within reef scales (< 5 km). This contrasts with the reported absence of large‐scale genetic structuring in A. valida, which is a member of the same species group as A. nasuta. Apparent differences in biogeographical structuring between species within the A. nasuta group emphasize the need for comparative sampling across both spatial (i.e. within reefs, between reefs and between regions) and taxonomic scales (i.e. within and between closely related species).
CMOS MMICs for microwave and millimeter wave applications

Recent results on MMIC based on a 90-nm CMOS process are presented. Linear and nonlinear models were developed for the transistors based on S-parameters, noise parameters, and power spectrum measurements. Based on EM-simulations, models for multilayer capacitances, MIM-capacitances, various transmission lines etc were also developed. Amplifiers, frequency mixers, and frequency multipliers were then designed, fabricated and characterized. Amplifiers with a gain of 6 and 3.5 dB per stage at 20 and 40 GHz respectively, were demonstrated as well as frequency multipliers from 20 to 40 GHz with 15.8 dB conversion loss, and 30 to 60 GHz multipliers with 15.3 dB conversion loss. Resistive mixers at 20, 40, and 60 GHz were also demonstrated with promising results.
Self citations and impact factors in otolaryngology journals.

Self citation of a journal may affect its impact factor. Self citations during 1997 and 1998 were investigated in six 'general' otolaryngology journals. The citations each journal gave to other journals, including itself, and the citations each journal received from the other journals, differed significantly among the six journals (chi2= 2794, d.f. = 25, P < 0.0001). Acta Otolaryngologica and Laryngoscope had the highest self-citing rates (11.9% and 10.02%). Clinical Otolaryngology had the lowest self-citing rate (4%). There was no significant correlation between self-citing rates and impact factors for the six otolaryngology journals (r = -0.3143, P = 0.56).
Doping dependent evolution of magnetism and superconductivity in Eu1−xKxFe2As2 (x = 0–1) and temperature dependence of the lower critical field Hc1

We have synthesized polycrystalline samples of Eu1−xKxFe2As2 (x = 0–1) and carried out systematic characterization using x-ray diffraction, ac and dc magnetic susceptibility, and electrical resistivity measurements. A clear signature of the coexistence of a superconducting transition (Tc = 5.5 K) with spin density wave (SDW) ordering is observed in our underdoped sample with x = 0.15. The SDW transition disappears completely for the x = 0.3 sample and superconductivity arises below 20 K. The superconducting transition temperature Tc increases with increase in the K content and a maximum Tc = 33 K is reached for x = 0.5, beyond which it decreases again. The doping dependent T(x) phase diagram is extracted from the magnetic and electrical transport data. It is found that magnetic ordering of Eu moments coexists with the superconductivity up to x = 0.6. The isothermal magnetization data taken at 2 K for the doped samples suggest the 2+ valence state of the Eu ions. We also present the temperature dependence of the lower critical field Hc1 of the superconducting polycrystalline samples. The values of Hc1(0) obtained for x = 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 after taking the demagnetization factor into account are 202, 330, and 212 Oe, respectively. The London penetration depth λ(T) calculated from the lower critical field does not show exponential dependence at low temperature, as would be expected for a fully gapped clean s-wave superconductor. In contrast, it shows a T2 power law feature up to T = 0.3Tc, as observed in Ba1−xKxFe2As2 and BaFe2−xCoxAs2.
Exercise Trajectories of Women from Entry to a 6-Month Cardiac Rehabilitation Program to One Year after Discharge

Background. Physical activity is associated with reduced mortality and morbidity. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an effective intervention for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Unfortunately, women are less likely to engage in, or sustain, regular physical activity. Objectives were to (1) describe women's guidelines-based levels of physical activity during and after CR and (2) determine the physical activity trajectories of women from entry to CR to one year after CR. Methods and Results. A prospective, longitudinal study of 203 women with CVD enrolled in a 6-month CR program. Physical activity was measured using the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (LSI), focusing on moderate-strenuous activity. Data were analyzed using latent class growth analysis (LCGA) and logistic regression. Mean scores on the LSI showed women to be “active” at all follow-up points. LCGA revealed a two-class model, respectively, called “inactive relapsers” and “moderately active relapsers. ” Predictors of the “moderately active relapsers” class were employment status and diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Conclusions. Women achieved the recommended physical activity levels by the end of CR and sustained them until one year after CR. LCGA allowed us to determine the class trajectories associated with moderate-strenuous activity and, from these, to identify implications for targeted intervention.
High speed photographic analysis of aerosols produced by metered dose inhalers

Abstract— The design of pressurized metered dose inhalers (MDI) used to assess asthma is variable. We have examined the aerosol spray flumes generated by four commercially available MDI products using high speed video photography. For this purpose a moulded jacket was designed which could hold the inhaler in an immovable position during actuation. Fresh inhalers were fitted in the jacket after thorough shaking and three successive actuations 30 s apart were filmed with a high speed video camera (200 frames s−1). The aerosol, ejected at high velocity into calm room air, was seen to have a ‘jet’ phase followed by a ‘cloud’ phase as a result of particle dispersion. Filming was continued till the flume could no longer be visualized on the TV monitor. High speed photography was used to record flumes seen on the video monitor, to enable characterization of flume appearance, dimensions and mean velocity.
Bayesian Multitask Learning with Latent Hierarchies

We learn multiple hypotheses for related tasks under a latent hierarchical relationship between tasks. We exploit the intuition that for domain adaptation, we wish to share classifier structure, but for multitask learning, we wish to share covariance structure. Our hierarchical model is seen to subsume several previously proposed multitask learning models and performs well on three distinct real-world data sets.
Don't Let Me Be #Misunderstood: Linguistically Motivated Algorithm for Predicting the Popularity of Textual Memes

Prediction of the popularity of online textual snippets gained much attention in recent years. In this paper we investigate some of the factors that contribute to popularity of specific phrases such as Twitter hashtags. We define a new prediction task and propose a linguistically motivated algorithm for accurate prediction of hashtag popularity. Our prediction algorithm successfully models the interplay between various constraints such as the length restriction, typing effort and ease of comprehension. Controlling for network structure and social aspects we get a glimpse into the processes that shape the way we produce language and coin new words. In order to learn the interactions between the constraints we cast the problem as a ranking task. We adapt Gradient Boosted Trees for learning ranking functions in order to predict the hashtags/neologisms to be accepted. Our results outperform several baseline algorithms including SVM-rank, while maintaining higher interpretability, thus our model's prediction power can be used for better crafting of future hashtags.
Cognitive Behavioral Performance of Untreated Depressed Patients with Mild Depressive Symptoms

This study evaluated the working memory performance of 18 patients experiencing their first onset of mild depression without treatment and 18 healthy matched controls. The results demonstrated that working memory impairment in patients with mild depression occurred when memorizing the position of a picture but not when memorizing the pictures themselves. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the emotional impact on the working memory, indicating that the attenuation of spatial working memory was not affected by negative emotion; however, cognitive control selectively affected spatial working memory. In addition, the accuracy of spatial working memory in the depressed patients was not significantly reduced, but the reaction time was significantly extended compared with the healthy controls. This finding indicated that there was no damage to memory encoding and function maintenance in the patients but rather only impaired memory retrieval, suggesting that the extent of damage to the working memory system and cognitive control abilities was associated with the corresponding depressive symptoms. The development of mild to severe depressive symptoms may be accompanied by spatial working memory damage from the impaired memory retrieval function extending to memory encoding and memory retention impairments. In addition, the impaired cognitive control began with an inadequate capacity to automatically process internal negative emotions and further extended to impairment of the ability to regulate and suppress external emotions. The results of the mood-congruent study showed that the memory of patients with mild symptoms of depression was associated with a mood-congruent memory effect, demonstrating that mood-congruent memory was a typical feature of depression, regardless of the severity of depression. This study provided important information for understanding the development of cognitive dysfunction.
Error-Based and Entropy-Based Discretization of Continuous Features

We present a comparison of error-based and entropy-based methods for discretization of continuous features. Our study includes both an extensive empirical comparison as well as an analysis of scenarios where error minimization may be an inappropriate discretization criterion. We present a discretization method based on the C4.5 decision tree algorithm and compare it to an existing entropy-based discretization algorithm, which employs the Minimum Description Length Principle, and a recently proposed error-based technique. We evaluate these discretization methods with respect to C4.5 and Naive-Bayesian classifiers on datasets from the UCI repository and analyze the computational complexity of each method. Our results indicate that the entropy-based MDL heuristic outperforms error minimization on average. We then analyze the shortcomings of error-based approaches in comparison to entropy-based methods.
The Semantic Role of Gender: Grammatical and Biological Gender Match Effects in English and Spanish

How does language affect thought? Do the grammatical structures of the language we speak influence the way we think about objects and ideas? The linguistic relativity hypothesis (Whorf, 1956) proposes that the specific language we speak affects the way we think about reality. Predictions made under this hypothesis (e.g., Boroditsky, Schmidt, & Phillips, 2003) posit that grammatical gender is an example of a linguistic structure that affects other aspects of thought. Specifically, because speakers of languages like Spanish denote a grammatical gender to every noun, including those with inanimate referents, this systematic distinction is thought to become part of the meaning representation of objects. Under this hypothesis, pairs of words that match in grammatical gender would be considered as more similar in meaning than pairs that do not share a gender. In four experiments we examined the role of grammatical gender, as well as biological gender, as an organizing dimension of the semantic representation of speakers of Spanish and English. With respect to biological gender, as denoted by English, we found that native English speakers consider pairs of words that share a biological gender (e.g., queen-cow) to be more similar in meaning than pairs that do not share a gender (e.g., king-waitress) (Experiment 1). However, match in biological gender was not sufficient to produce a priming effect in a lexical decision task (Experiment 4). With respect to grammatical gender, as denoted by Spanish, we found that in contrast to the predictions made under the linguistic relativity hypothesis, pairs that match in grammatical gender (e.g., 'camisa' (f) - 'mesa' (f), shirt-table respectively) did not elicit higher semantic similarity ratings by native Spanish speakers compared to unmatched pairs (Experiment 2), and furthermore these pairs were not processed more quickly or accurately in a primed naming task (Experiments 3A and 3B). We discuss the theoretical and practical considerations that may underlie these effects.
Silent mitochondrial and active nuclear genes for subunit 2 of cytochrome c oxidase (cox2) in soybean: evidence for RNA‐mediated gene transfer.

In most plants and other eukaryotes investigated, the mitochondrial genome carries the gene encoding subunit 2 of cytochrome c oxidase (cox2). In this paper, we show that the previously reported mitochondrial cox2 of soybean is actually silent, and that there is an expressed, single‐copy, nucleus‐encoded cox2. Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of cox2 cDNA and genomic clones show that the soybean nuclear gene encodes an N‐terminal extension that resembles a signal sequence for mitochondrial import and whose coding sequence is separated by an intron from that corresponding to mtDNA‐encoded cox2. Comparison of soybean mitochondrial and nuclear cox2 sequences clearly indicates that in an ancestor of soybean, cox2 was transferred from the mitochondrion to the nucleus via a C‐to‐U edited RNA intermediate.
A probabilistic feature-based fill-up for SMT

In this paper, we describe an effective translation model combination approach based on the estimation of a probabilistic Support Vector Machine (SVM). We collect domain knowledge from both in-domain and general-domain corpora inspired by a commonly used data selection algorithm, which we then use as features for the SVM training. Drawing on previous work on binary-featured phrase table fill-up (Nakov, 2008; Bisazza et al., 2011), we substitute the binary feature in the original work with our probabilistic domain-likeness feature. Later, we design two experiments to evaluate the proposed probabilistic feature-based approach on the French-to-English language pair using data provided at WMT07, WMT13 and IWLST11 translation tasks. Our experiments demonstrate that translation performance can gain significant improvements of up to +0.36 and +0.82 BLEU scores by using our probabilistic feature-based translation model fill-up approach compared with the binary featured fill-up approach in both experiments.
A parametric model for realistic lip segmentation

Lip segmentation is an essential stage in many multimedia systems such as videoconferencing, lip reading, or low bit rate coding communication systems. In this paper, we propose an accurate and robust lip segmentation algorithm. First, the mouth region and several characteristic points are detected by using "hybrid edges" (which combine colour and intensity information) and a priori knowledge about the lip morphology. Corners position, which is crucial, is provided by a coarse-to-fine process. Then, a parametric model is fitted on the lips. We consider that the lip boundary is composed of several independent cubic polynomial curves. It gives a low complexity global model that is flexible enough to reproduce the specificity of very different lip shapes. Compared to existing models, it brings a significant accuracy and realism improvement. Moreover, it ensures a robust convergence towards the edges because the different parts of the model are independent.
Capability of C-Band SAR for Operational Wetland Monitoring at High Latitudes

Wetlands store large amounts of carbon, and depending on their status and type, they release specific amounts of methane gas to the atmosphere. The connection between wetland type and methane emission has been investigated in various studies and utilized in climate change monitoring and modelling. For improved estimation of methane emissions, land surface models require information such as the wetland fraction and its dynamics over large areas. Existing datasets of wetland dynamics present the total amount of wetland (fraction) for each model grid cell, but do not discriminate the different wetland types like permanent lakes, periodically inundated areas or peatlands. Wetland types differently influence methane fluxes and thus their contribution to the total wetland fraction should be quantified. Especially wetlands of permafrost regions are expected to have a strong impact on future climate due to soil thawing. In this study ENIVSAT ASAR Wide Swath data was tested for operational monitoring of the distribution of areas with a long-term SW near 1 (hSW) in northern Russia (SW = degree of saturation with water, 1 = saturated), which is a specific characteristic of peatlands. For the whole northern Russia, areas with hSW were delineated and discriminated from dynamic and open water bodies for the years 2007 and 2008. The area identified with this method amounts to approximately 300,000 km2 in northern Siberia in 2007. It overlaps with zones of high carbon storage. Comparison with a range of related datasets (static and dynamic) showed that hSW represents not only peatlands but also temporary wetlands associated with post-forest fire conditions in permafrost regions. Annual long-term monitoring of change in boreal and tundra environments is possible with the presented approach. Sentinel-1, the successor of ENVISAT ASAR, will provide data that may allow continuous monitoring of these wetland dynamics in the future complementing global observations of wetland fraction.
Prevalence of gastric precancerous lesions among chronic dyspeptic patients and related common risk factors

Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Progression of gastric cancer follows several steps from gastritis to atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and finally cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of gastric precancerous lesions and related common risk factors in a group of chronic dyspeptic patients. A total of 688 chronic dyspeptic patients older than 40 years of age were consecutively enrolled. The exclusion criteria were pregnancy, and a history of gastric cancer and gastric surgery. A questionnaire including demographic and clinical data, smoking habits, alcohol use, NSAIDs, and regular aspirin use was completed for all patients. Upper endoscopy and gastric biopsy were performed for all of the participants according to the standard protocols. Upper endoscopy was performed for all of the participants and biopsies were taken according to the biopsy protocol. The specimens were examined in a blinded manner by two expert gastrointestinal pathologists. The mean age of the participants was 57.87±9.10 years; there were 361 (52.5%) women. The prevalence of intestinal metaplasia, gastric atrophy, dysplasia, and positive Helicobacter pylori infection was 19.8, 12.8, 3.2%, and 64.5%, respectively. Age and H. pylori infection showed a significant association with pathological findings (odds ratio=3.10, 95% confidence interval: 1.91–4.72 and odds ratio=3.56, 95% confidence interval: 2.30–5.53, respectively). According to the high prevalence of precancerous lesions in patients with chronic dyspepsia who were older than 40 years of age, upper endoscopy and gastric mapping sampling for the detection of these lesions is recommended in intermediate-risk to high-risk areas.
An investigation of the relationship between career maturity, career decision self-efficacy, and self-advocacy of college students with and without disabilities

Although much has been written about the relationship between career maturity and career decision self-efficacy of college students, the literature review provided no studies that investigated the relationship between career maturity, career decision selfefficacy, and self-advocacy; therefore the purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between career maturity, career decision self-efficacy, and self-advocacy of college students with and without disabilities. An increasing number of college students with disabilities are attending postsecondary institutions, and the figures are continuing to increase; however, students with disabilities earn lower grades in college than their peers without disabilities, take longer to complete their degrees, have higher dropout rates, and are more likely to be unemployed after college. This quantitative study responds to recent calls in the postsecondary literature for individuals with disabilities to be better prepared when they transition from college. Participants included 347 postsecondary students, 89 of whom reported having a disability. Primarily focused on students with disabilities, this study gathered information regarding postsecondary students’ attitudes toward careers, beliefs in their ability to pursue careers, and their self-advocacy knowledge in order to investigate the relationship among them. This study provides empirical support that there is a relationship between career maturity, career decision self-efficacy, and selfadvocacy. The results of the correlation, MANOVA, ANOVA, and hierarchical regression analyses provided four major findings and implications. First, there was a positive correlation between career maturity, career decision self-efficacy, and self-advocacy of college students with and without a disability. Second, the results of the study indicated that students without a disability had higher levels of career maturity and self-advocacy than students with a disability; however, the self-efficacy scores were similar for students with and without a disability. Third, the results of the study focusing specifically on students with disabilities indicated that the career maturity of students who had a high