Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Botulinum Toxin Type A on Bilateral Masseteric Hypertrophy Evaluated With Computed Tomographic Measurement

BACKGROUND A paucity of reports exist on the use of botulinum toxin type A injections as an alternative noninvasive treatment for masseteric hypertrophy. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of botulinum toxin type A on masseteric hypertrophy using computed tomography. METHODS Percutaneous intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin type A of 30 U per side was carried out in 11 subjects with masseteric hypertrophy. The changes in the masseteric muscle volume before and 12 weeks after injection were evaluated using computed tomography. The changes in the lower facial contours on the photographs were evaluated as excellent, good, fair, and no changes. RESULTS Nine of the 11 subjects showed a mean reduction of approximately 22% in the masseteric muscle volume. The maximum reduction was 35.4% (range, 8.1% to 35.4%). Nine subjects showed aesthetically good results with a grade of good or excellent at 12 weeks after treatment. CONCLUSION Botulinum toxin injections are a noninvasive alternative method for treating masseteric hypertrophy.
School-age outcomes of very low birth weight infants in the indomethacin intraventricular hemorrhage prevention trial.

OBJECTIVE The cohort consisted of 328 very low birth weight infants (600-1250 g birth weight) who were enrolled in the low-dose prophylactic indomethacin prevention trial and were intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) negative at 6 postnatal hours. The objective was to determine the effects of both IVH and indomethacin on cognitive, language, and achievement performance at 8 years of age. METHODS The cohort was divided into 4 subgroups for analysis: indomethacin plus IVH, indomethacin no IVH, saline plus IVH, and saline with no IVH. The children were evaluated prospectively at 8 years of age with a neurologic assessment, history of school performance, and a battery of cognitive, academic, behavioral, and functional assessments. RESULTS Children in both IVH groups had more cerebral palsy; more hearing impairment; lower daily living skills scores; lower IQ, vocabulary, and reading and mathematics achievement test scores; and greater educational resource needs. With logistic regression analyses grade 3 to 4 IVH, periventricular leukomalacia and/or ventriculomegaly, male gender, maternal education, and language spoken in the home contributed to outcomes. No effects of indomethacin or gestational age were identified. CONCLUSIONS Although biological factors including IVH, ventriculomegaly, and periventricular leukomalacia contribute significantly to school age outcomes among very low birth weight survivors at 8 years of age, social and environmental factors including maternal level of education and primary language spoken in the home are also important contributors to outcome.
Asthma, COPD and bronchitis are just components of airway disease

Diseases of the airways of the lungs are common and include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchitis, as well as emphysema and bronchiectasis. Their diagnosis is often inaccurate because appropriate measurements are not made 1–3 and the definition of airway disease is still imprecise. For example, the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) definition of asthma describes components but fails to give a primary definition which distinguishes the disease from others 4. The Canadian definition of COPD includes partly reversible airflow limitation, which is what many would define as asthma 5. Therefore, it seems appropriate to reconsider how we diagnose and define airway disease; this is important in order to optimise treatment. The components (characteristics, features, etc. ) of airway disease include symptoms, variable airflow limitation, airway hyperresponsiveness, chronic airflow limitation and airway inflammation, as well as emphysema and bronchiectasis (fig. 1⇓). They can exist in various combinations. Airway inflammation is central to all other components. It is a cause of symptoms, variable airflow limitation through release of bronchoconstrictor mediators, and chronic airflow limitation through remodelling with structural changes. It also increases airway responsiveness. These components correlate poorly with one another 6–9. The best correlation is between the diurnal variation of peak expiratory flow (PEF) and airway responsiveness 10, which is not surprising since the latter is an important determinant of the former. Symptoms of chest tightness, wheezing, dyspnoea, cough and sputum are all nonspecific since they can result from each of the other components, as well as other respiratory and nonrespiratory conditions. Hence, measurements are needed to be certain as to what the symptoms are associated with. Fig. 1— Relationships between components of airway diseases. Airway inflammation influences all other components, including emphysema and bronchiectasis, which are not shown. Airway hyperresponsiveness is an …
Binding of Histone H1 to DNA Is Indifferent to Methylation at CpG Sequences (*)

The possibility that histone H1 binds preferentially to DNA containing 5-methylcytosine in the dinucleotide CpG is appealing, as it could help to explain the repressive effects of methylation on gene activity. In this study, the affinity of purified H1 for methylated and non-methylated DNA sequences has been tested using both naked DNA and chromatin. Based on a variety of assays (bandshifts, filter-binding assays, Southwestern blots, and nuclease sensitivity assays), we conclude that H1 has no significant preference for binding to naked methylated DNA. Similarly, H1 showed the same affinities for methylated and non-methylated DNA when assembled into chromatin in a Xenopus oocyte extract. Thus potential cooperative interaction of H1 with polynucleosomal complexes is not enhanced by the presence of DNA methylation.
Secular Evolution of Barred Galaxies with Massive Central Black Holes

The influence of central black holes on the dynamical evolution of bars in disk galaxies was examined. Once a bar formed by a dynamical instability in an infinitesimally thin stellar disk was fully developed, a black hole (BH) was adiabatically added at the center of the disk. Our results indicate that a bar can be completely destroyed, in a practical sense, in a time much smaller than the Hubble time if the central BH mass exceeds about 0.5% of the
Exploring the unrealized potential of computer-aided drafting

Despite huge investments by vendors and users, CAD productivity remains disappointing. Our analysis of realworld CAD usage shows that even after many years of experience, users tend to use suboptimal strategies to perform complex CAD tasks. Additionally, some of these strategies have a marked resemblance to manual drafting techniques. Although this phenomenon has been previously reported, this paper explores explanations for its causes and persistence. We argue that the strategic knowledge to use CAD effectively is neither defined nor explicitly taught. In the absence of a well-formed strategy, users often develop a synthetic mental model of CAD containing a mixture of manual and CAD methods. As these suboptimal strategies do not necessarily prevent users from producing clean, accurate drawings, the inefficiencies tend to remain unrecognized and users have little motivation to develop better strategies. To reverse this situation we recommend that the strategic knowledge to use CAD effectively should be made explicit and provided early in training. We use our analysis to begin the process of making this strategic knowledge explicit. We conclude by discussing the ramifications of this research in training as well as in the development of future computer aids for drawing and design.
Quantitative Doppler Assessment of Valvular Regurgitation

Quantitation of valvular regurgitation remains a challenge. The accuracy of quantitative Doppler is controversial, and its ability to measure regurgitant volume is unknown; therefore, it is not widely used. Methods and ResultsIn 120 patients (20 without regurgitation, 19 with aortic regurgitation, and 81 with mitral regurgitation), the stroke volume through the mitral annulus and left ventricular outflow tract were measured using pulsed-wave Doppler concurrently with left ventricular stroke volume calculated using left ventricular volumes measured by two-dimensional echocardiography Simpson's biapical method. Regurgitant volume and fraction were thus computed using Doppler or ventricular methods. In normal patients there were good correlations between Doppler and left ventricular measurements of stroke volume. Doppler regurgitant volume and fraction were 4.4±4.4 mL and 53±4.5%, respectively. In patients with aortic regurgitation, there were good correlations between Doppler and left ventricular measurements of stroke volume, regurgitant volume, and regurgitant fraction (r=0.97, r=0.95, and r=0.93, respectively; p<0.0001). In patients with mitral regurgitation, despite good correlations between Doppler and ventricular methods for stroke volume, regurgitant volume, and regurgitant fraction (r=0.94, r=0.93, and r=0.94, respectively; p<0.001), these variables were overestimated by Doppler. However, in the last 54 patients compared with the first 27, overestimation decreased significantly for regurgitant volume (5 ± 10 mL versus 18±27 mL, p<0.05) and regurgitant fraction (3.3+6.7% versus 6.2±6.8%, p=0.05). ConclusionQuantitative Doppler can be performed in large numbers of patients in a clinical laboratory. Its potential limitation was identified as overestimation of mitral regurgitation, which is overcome with increased experience. Its achieved accuracy in mitral and aortic regurgitation allows measurement not only of regurgitant fraction but most importantly of regurgitant volume.
Empirical insights into the perceived benefits of agile software engineering practices: a case study from SAP

SAP AG has taught more than 4,000 developers the Agile Software Engineering methodology since 2010. As such, the company offers a unique setting to study its impact on developers' work. In this paper, we discuss how developers perceive the impact of pair programming and test automation on software quality, delivered feature scope, and various team work aspects. We draw our findings from a company-wide survey with answers from 174 developers working in 74 teams and 15 product owners from five locations world-wide. We complement our findings with insights from two in-depths case studies with two development teams. As expected, our findings confirm that the studied practices help developers develop better software. Deviating from existing preconceptions, however, the responding developers do not report a significant drop in their development speed. In addition, high adopters are more proud of their own contributions to the team, report a better team learning, and feel more motivated.
Second Language as an Exemptor from Sociocultural Norms. Emotion-Related Language Choice Revisited

Bilinguals often switch languages depending on what they are saying. According to the Emotion-Related Language Choice theory, they find their second language an easier medium of conveying content which evokes strong emotions. The first language carries too much emotional power, which can be threatening for the speaker. In a covert experiment, bilingual Polish students translated texts brimming with expletives from Polish into English and vice versa. In the Polish translations, the swear word equivalents used were weaker than in the source text; in the English translations, they were stronger than in the original. These results corroborate the ERLC theory. However, the effect was only observed for ethnophaulisms, i.e. expletives directed at social groups. It turns out that the main factor triggering the language choice in bilinguals is not necessarily the different emotional power of both languages, but social and cultural norms.
Scholarly communication and bibliometrics

Frontispiece - Derek J de Solla Price Introduction - Christine L Borgman PART ONE: THEORY AND PERSPECTIVE Understanding Science - Belver C Griffith Studies of Communication and Information Disciplinary Work and Interdisciplinary Areas - Sydney J Pierce Sociology and Bibliometrics Reconciling Structure and Process in the Study of Scholarly Communication - Leah A Lievrouw PART TWO: BIBLIOMETRIC RESEARCH METHODS A View of Studies on Bibliometrics and Related Subjects in Japan - S Miyamoto, N Midorikawa and K Nakayama Author Co-citation Studies - Howard D White Overview and Defense Who Carries the Field? Communication Between Literary Schools and Critics - Karl Erik Rosengren The Absence of Co-citation as a Clue to Undiscovered Causal Connections - Don R Swanson Hierarchies and Clusters Among Communication and Library and Information Science Journals, 1977 - 1987 - Ronald E Rice PART THREE: EMPIRICAL STUDIES An Author Co-citation Analysis of Two Research Traditions - Everett M Rogers and Charlotte A Cottrill Technology Transfer and the Diffusion of Innovations A Co-citation Study of AIDS Research - Henry Small and Edwin Greenlee Mapping Authors in Intellectual Space - Katherine W McCain Population Genetics in the 1980s International Scientific Cooperation and Awareness - H F Moed and R E DeBruin A Bibliometric Case Study of Agricultural Research Within the European Community Core Journals of the Rapidly Changing Research Front of "Superconductivity" - Terrance A Brooks Editors-in-Chief of Medical Journals - S Zsindely and A Schubert Identifying the Important Theorists of Communication - James R Beniger Use of Latent Measures to Test Manifest Assumptions in Scholarly Communication Conclusions - William Paisley The Future of Bibliometrics
BNIP3 Upregulation and EndoG Translocation in Delayed Neuronal Death in Stroke and in Hypoxia

Background and Purpose— Delayed neuronal death is a hallmark feature of stroke and the primary target of neuroprotective strategies. Caspase-independent apoptosis pathways are suggested as a mechanism for the delayed neuronal injury. Here we test the hypothesis that one of the caspase-independent apoptosis pathways is activated by BNIP3 and mediated by EndoG. Methods— We performed immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, cell transfection, subcellular fractionation, and RNA interfering to analyze the expression and localization of BNIP3 and EndoG in degenerating neurons in models of stroke and hypoxia. Results— BNIP3 was upregulated in brain neurons in a rat model of stroke and in cultured primary neurons exposed to hypoxia. The expressed BNIP3 was localized to mitochondria. Both forced expression of BNIP3 by plasmid transfection and induced expression of BNIP3 by hypoxia in neurons resulted in mitochondrial release and nuclear translocation of EndoG and neuronal cell death. Knockdown of BNIP3 by RNAi inhibited EndoG translocation and protected against hypoxia-induced neuronal death. Conclusions— BNIP3 plays a role in delayed neuronal death in hypoxia and stroke and EndoG is a mediator of the BNIP3-activated neuronal death pathway. The results suggest that BNIP3 may be a new target for neuronal rescue strategies.
Postcircumcision Urinary Tract Infection

The possible association of urinary tract infection (UTI) with ritual circumcision on the eighth day of life was studied by analyzing the epidemiology of urinary tract infections during the first year of life in 169 children with UTI (56 males and 113 females) born in Israel from 1979 to 1984. Forty-eight percent of the episodes of UTI occurring in males appeared during the 12 days following circumcision, and the increased incidence during that period was highly significant. The median age of the males at the time of the UTI was 16 days, compared with seven months in females. Ritual Jewish circumcision as practiced in Israel may be a predisposing factor for UTI during the 12-day period following that procedure.
Soil Stress of Shield Tunnel Face in Sands under High Hydraulic Pressure

Based on the under river tunneling project of Nanjing Metro Puzhulu-Binjianglu interval, a numerical model was built to simulate the process of losing stability, variation of soil stress and the soil arching effect caused by soil stress redistribution under high hydraulic pressure were studied. The results show that, compared to no hydraulic pressure, the limit supporting pressure is reached when smaller soil deformation has occurred and it is much greater under high hydraulic pressure. Along the depth from the bottom, soil vertical stress first decreases and then remains unchanged with increasing face displacement; Soil horizontal stress first decreases and then increases slightly. Soil lateral pressure coefficient first increases and then decreases along the depth from the bottom. Soil vertical and horizontal stress decrease in front of the tunnel face, where the failure region forms. Soil vertical stress decreases and horizontal stress increases above the failure region, where the vault region forms. Soil vertical stress increases and horizontal stress decreases around the failure region, where the skewback region forms. The results are conductive to better reveal the failure mechanism and determine the limit supporting pressure under high hydraulic pressure.
The Influence of Yb3+ Co-Doping on Optical Properties of Sm3+-Doped Sodium Tellurite Glasses

A series of Sm3+-doped sodium tellurite glasses co-doped with Yb3+ were synthesized by melt quenching technique. The amorphous nature of the glasses was confirmed by X-Rays diffraction technique. From UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, eight absorption peaks of Sm3+ ions are observed. The broad absorption band in the range of ~870-1100 nm corresponds to the superposition of Sm3+: 6H5/2 6F11/2 and Yb3+: 2F7/2 2F5/2 transitions. The experimental and theoretical oscillator strengths of these bands were calculated by Judd-Ofelt theory. The optical band gap energy (Eopt) values for direct allowed transition and Urbach energy were found to be in the range of 2.73-2.91 eV and 0.21-0.27 eV respectively. Four luminescence emission bands 4G5/26H5/2, 6H7/2, 6H9/2 and 6H11/2 were revealed under 406 nm excitation and intensity of all bands is found to be quenched with addition of Yb3+ ions. The role of Yb3+ co-doping in the optical properties is compared and understood.
Investigation of promoter polymorphisms in the tumor necrosis factor-&agr; and interleukin-10 genes in liver transplant patients

Background. Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-&agr; and interleukin (IL)-10 play significant roles in the inflammatory and immune responses that mediate allograft rejection. The presence of a G→A polymorphism at position −308 in the promoter region of the TNF-&agr; gene increased its transcription 6- to 7-fold. A similar polymorphism at position −1082 of the IL-10 promoter results in decreased production of IL-10 protein. In this study we have determined whether the single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter regions of the TNF-&agr; and IL-10 genes can predict the outcome of the allograft in liver recipients. Methods. DNA was extracted from whole blood of liver recipients. The genotype of the patients was determined by polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific primers. The level of TNF-&agr; and IL-10 protein was measured by ELISA after stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with concanavalin A. Results. There was significant correlation between acute cellular rejection and the presence of the −308A polymorphism (P <0.001), with 8 of 13 patients with the TNF-&agr; polymorphism having evidence of acute rejection. Cell stimulation studies revealed that the level of TNF-&agr; protein produced by patients with liver rejection was significantly higher than for patients without rejection (P =0.001). There were no strong associations between the presence of the IL-10 polymorphisms and rejection (P =0.71). Conclusions. This study adds to the understanding of the role of cytokine polymorphisms in liver transplants. The data suggest that cytokine promoter polymorphisms may be a risk factor associated with allograft rejection in the liver.
Mapping Brucellosis Increases Relative to Elk Density Using Hierarchical Bayesian Models

The relationship between host density and parasite transmission is central to the effectiveness of many disease management strategies. Few studies, however, have empirically estimated this relationship particularly in large mammals. We applied hierarchical Bayesian methods to a 19-year dataset of over 6400 brucellosis tests of adult female elk (Cervus elaphus) in northwestern Wyoming. Management captures that occurred from January to March were over two times more likely to be seropositive than hunted elk that were killed in September to December, while accounting for site and year effects. Areas with supplemental feeding grounds for elk had higher seroprevalence in 1991 than other regions, but by 2009 many areas distant from the feeding grounds were of comparable seroprevalence. The increases in brucellosis seroprevalence were correlated with elk densities at the elk management unit, or hunt area, scale (mean 2070 km2; range = [95–10237]). The data, however, could not differentiate among linear and non-linear effects of host density. Therefore, control efforts that focus on reducing elk densities at a broad spatial scale were only weakly supported. Additional research on how a few, large groups within a region may be driving disease dynamics is needed for more targeted and effective management interventions. Brucellosis appears to be expanding its range into new regions and elk populations, which is likely to further complicate the United States brucellosis eradication program. This study is an example of how the dynamics of host populations can affect their ability to serve as disease reservoirs.
Personalization and Recommender Systems in the Larger Context: New Directions and Research Questions (Keynote Speech)

My background is in building large-scale library automation systems and distributed networked information systems; these are areas where personalization has been very slow to arrive, and where recommender systems have met both cultural opposition (in part based in privacy concerns) and technical barriers. I have been a strong advocate of personalization in information retrieval systems; this seems to me to be a logical extension of the secular move towards personal machines and intelligent systems generally, but the promises here are still unrealized. Recommender systems have fascinated me since I first encountered them as a mechanism for automating a very fundamental method of discovering information.
Genome‐Wide Association Mapping of Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Wheat using Genotyping‐by‐Sequencing

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most important wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) diseases worldwide, and host resistance displays complex genetic control. A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) was performed on 273 winter wheat breeding lines from the midwestern and eastern regions of the United States to identify chromosomal regions associated with FHB resistance. Genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) was used to identify 19,992 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering all 21 wheat chromosomes. Marker–trait associations were performed with different statistical models, the most appropriate being a compressed mixed linear model (cMLM) controlling for relatedness and population structure. Ten significant SNP–trait associations were detected on chromosomes 4A, 6A, 7A, 1D, 4D, and 7D, and multiple SNPs were associated with Fhb1 on chromosome 3B. Although combination of favorable alleles of these SNPs resulted in lower levels of severity (SEV), incidence (INC), and deoxynivalenol concentration (DON), lines carrying multiple beneficial alleles were in very low frequency for most traits. These SNPs can now be used for creating new breeding lines with different combinations of favorable alleles. This is one of the first GWAS using genomic resources from the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC).