Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reliability of sentinel lymph node mapping with biopsy for head and neck cutaneous melanoma.

OBJECTIVES To determine (1) the reliability of sentinel lymph node mapping with biopsy (SLNB) in head and neck cutaneous melanoma to accurately stage nodal basins and (2) the safety of SLNB in both the neck and parotid regions. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study with a median follow-up of 25 months. All patients had a minimum follow-up of 1 year. SETTING Academic medical center. PATIENTS Eighty evaluable patients diagnosed as having head and neck cutaneous melanoma and staged using SLNB. INTERVENTIONS Sentinel lymph nodes were identified using preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and a combination of intraoperative gamma probe and isosulfan blue dye. Patients with a SLN positive for melanoma underwent therapeutic lymphadenectomy followed by an evaluation for adjuvant therapies. Patients with a negative SLNB result were followed up clinically. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Percentage of positive SLNs, regional recurrence in the setting of a negative SLNB result (false-negative rate), and procedure complications. RESULTS The mean Breslow depth was 2.35 mm. A SLN was identified in 77 (96.3%) of cases, with an average of 2.18 nodes per patient. Of the sentinel nodes identified, 74% were from the neck region. The remaining 26% were from the parotid basin. No facial nerve complications occurred. Of the patients, 14 (18%) were SLN positive for metastatic melanoma. The regional failure rate in the setting of a negative SLNB result was 4.5%. CONCLUSIONS Sentinel lymph node mapping with biopsy is a reliable technique to diagnose regional spread from head and neck cutaneous melanoma. This procedure can be performed in both neck and parotid nodal basins with safety and accuracy similar to non-head and neck sites.
Transformation-based Probabilistic Clustering with Supervision

One of the common problems with clustering is that the generated clusters often do not match user expectations. This paper proposes a novel probabilistic framework that exploits supervised information in a discriminative and transferable manner to generate better clustering of unlabeled data. The supervision is provided by revealing the cluster assignments for some subset of the ground truth clusters and is used to learn a transformation of the data such that labeled instances form well-separated clusters with respect to the given clustering objective. This estimated transformation function enables us to fold the remaining unlabeled data into a space where new clusters hopefully match user expectations. While our framework is general, in this paper, we focus on its application to Gaussian and von Mises-Fisher mixture models. Extensive testing on 23 data sets across several application domains revealed substantial improvement in performance over competing methods.
Stomach contents of sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus stranded in the North Sea 1990-1996

Stomach contents of 17 sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus stranded in Scotland and Denmark during 1990-96 were analysed. All were sub-adult or adult males and stranded between November and March. They had presumably entered the North Sea during their southward migration from feeding grounds in Arctic waters. Other studies indicate that the majority of the whales were apparently healthy. The diet of these whales was found to consist almost entirely of cephalopods, principally squid of the genus Gonatus (hereafter 'Gonatus', but probably G. fabricii, an oceanic species characteristic of Arctic waters). The other prey species identified were also mostly oceanic cephalopods: the squids Histioteuthis bonnellii, Teuthowenia megalops and Todarodes sagittatus and the octopus Haliphron atlanticus. Although these results are consistent with other recent studies in the area based on single stranded whales, they differ from results of work on whales caught during commercial whaling operations in Icelandic waters (1960s to 1980s) in that little evidence of predation on fish was found in the present study. Remains of single individuals of the veined squid Loligo forbesi, the northern octopus Eledone cirrhosa and the saithe Pollachius virens provided the only possible evidence of feeding in the North Sea. We infer that sperm whales do not enter the North Sea to feed. The timing, and large and uniform sizes of the Gonatus species eaten (most had mantle lengths in the range 195 to 245 mm), as estimated from measurements of the lower beaks, and the seasonality of the strandings is consistent with the whales having fed on mature squid, possibly spawning concentrations--as has recently been reported for bottlenose whales. Assuming that the diet recorded in this study was representative of sperm whales during the feeding season, as much as 500000 t of Gonatus could be removed by sperm whales in Norwegian waters each year and up to 3 times that figure from the eastern North Atlantic as a whole. Evidence from other studies indicates that Gonatus is an important food resource for a wide range of marine predators in Arctic waters.
Minimal Size of Cell Assemblies Coordinated by Gamma Oscillations

In networks of excitatory and inhibitory neurons with mutual synaptic coupling, specific drive to sub-ensembles of cells often leads to gamma-frequency (25–100 Hz) oscillations. When the number of driven cells is too small, however, the synaptic interactions may not be strong or homogeneous enough to support the mechanism underlying the rhythm. Using a combination of computational simulation and mathematical analysis, we study the breakdown of gamma rhythms as the driven ensembles become too small, or the synaptic interactions become too weak and heterogeneous. Heterogeneities in drives or synaptic strengths play an important role in the breakdown of the rhythms; nonetheless, we find that the analysis of homogeneous networks yields insight into the breakdown of rhythms in heterogeneous networks. In particular, if parameter values are such that in a homogeneous network, it takes several gamma cycles to converge to synchrony, then in a similar, but realistically heterogeneous network, synchrony breaks down altogether. This leads to the surprising conclusion that in a network with realistic heterogeneity, gamma rhythms based on the interaction of excitatory and inhibitory cell populations must arise either rapidly, or not at all. For given synaptic strengths and heterogeneities, there is a (soft) lower bound on the possible number of cells in an ensemble oscillating at gamma frequency, based simply on the requirement that synaptic interactions between the two cell populations be strong enough. This observation suggests explanations for recent experimental results concerning the modulation of gamma oscillations in macaque primary visual cortex by varying spatial stimulus size or attention level, and for our own experimental results, reported here, concerning the optogenetic modulation of gamma oscillations in kainate-activated hippocampal slices. We make specific predictions about the behavior of pyramidal cells and fast-spiking interneurons in these experiments.
Rich table but short life: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis in Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) and its possible consequences

The exhumation of Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe (1546–1601) was performed in 2010 to verify speculative views on the cause of his death. Previous analyses of skeletal and hair remains recovered from his grave refuted the presumption that he died from poisoning. These studies also outlined the possibility that he actually died from an acute illness, echoing the rather vague and inaccurate testimony of some historical records. We performed a detailed paleopathological analysis of Tycho Brahe’s skeletal remains, along with a reconstruction of his diet based on carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes analysis and an estimate of his physical status (relative body fat) based on medullar and cortical dimensions of the femoral shaft. The astronomer’s remains exhibit bone changes indicative of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). The study further allows us to classify him as obese (100% reliability according to our decision tree designed from Danish males), and points out his rich diet (high input of animal protein and/or marine resources) and high social status. Comorbidities of DISH and obesity are reviewed, and their influence on health status is discussed. We further consider some conditions associated with metabolic syndrome as possible causes of Tycho Brahe’s final symptoms (urinary retention, renal failure and coma), including diabetes, alcoholic ketoacidosis and benign prostatic hypertrophy. Although a definite and specific diagnosis cannot be established, our study points to today’s civilization diseases often associated with DISH and metabolic syndrome as the possible cause of death of Tycho Brahe.
An Econometric Characterization of Business Cycle Dynamics with Factor Structure and Regime Switching

A dynamic factor model with regime switching is proposed as an empirical characterization of business cycles. The approach integrates the idea of comovements among macroeconomic variables and asymmetries of business cycle expansions and contractions. The first is captured with an unobservable dynamic factor and the second by allowing the factor to switch regimes. The model is estimated by maximizing its likelihood function and the empirical results indicate that the combination of these two features leads to a successful representation of the data relative to extant literature. This holds for within and out-of-sample, and for both revised and real-time data. Copyright 1998 by Economics Department of the University of Pennsylvania and the Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association.
The Complete Multipartite Genome Sequence of Cupriavidus necator JMP134, a Versatile Pollutant Degrader

Background Cupriavidus necator JMP134 is a Gram-negative β-proteobacterium able to grow on a variety of aromatic and chloroaromatic compounds as its sole carbon and energy source. Methodology/Principal Findings Its genome consists of four replicons (two chromosomes and two plasmids) containing a total of 6631 protein coding genes. Comparative analysis identified 1910 core genes common to the four genomes compared (C. necator JMP134, C. necator H16, C. metallidurans CH34, R. solanacearum GMI1000). Although secondary chromosomes found in the Cupriavidus, Ralstonia, and Burkholderia lineages are all derived from plasmids, analyses of the plasmid partition proteins located on those chromosomes indicate that different plasmids gave rise to the secondary chromosomes in each lineage. The C. necator JMP134 genome contains 300 genes putatively involved in the catabolism of aromatic compounds and encodes most of the central ring-cleavage pathways. This strain also shows additional metabolic capabilities towards alicyclic compounds and the potential for catabolism of almost all proteinogenic amino acids. This remarkable catabolic potential seems to be sustained by a high degree of genetic redundancy, most probably enabling this catabolically versatile bacterium with different levels of metabolic responses and alternative regulation necessary to cope with a challenging environment. From the comparison of Cupriavidus genomes, it is possible to state that a broad metabolic capability is a general trait for Cupriavidus genus, however certain specialization towards a nutritional niche (xenobiotics degradation, chemolithoautotrophy or symbiotic nitrogen fixation) seems to be shaped mostly by the acquisition of “specialized” plasmids. Conclusions/Significance The availability of the complete genome sequence for C. necator JMP134 provides the groundwork for further elucidation of the mechanisms and regulation of chloroaromatic compound biodegradation.
Well-Ordered Molybdenum Oxide Layers on Au(111): Preparation and Properties

MoO3 layers on Au(111) were prepared via oxidation of molybdenum at elevated temperature in an atmosphere of 50 mbar of O2. Three different types of oxide structures were identified. Up to monolayer oxide coverage a structure with a c(4 × 2) unit cell relative to the Au(111) unit cell forms. This structure was previously identified as being similar to a monolayer of α-MoO3. (1) At larger coverages of up to two layers an oxide with a 11.6 A × 5 A rectangular unit cell appears. Further increase in the coverage leads to the occurrence of crystallites of regular α-MoO3 with a very small density of defects. These crystallites grow with the (010) plane parallel to the substrate surface and with random azimuthal orientation leading to rings in the LEED pattern. With increasing layer thickness the crystallites start to coalesce until finally a closed film forms. These layers sublimate at temperatures between about 670 and 770 K with the MoO3 aggregates sublimating at lower temperature than the bilayer and monolayer films. © 2013 American Chemical Society.
Preparation of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and PolyVinyl Pyrrolidone Polymer Films as Antibacterial, Antibiofilm against Pathogenic Bacteria on Different Surfaces

In this paper, the structural properties that included X-ray diffraction (XRD) of Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) and PVP with titanium dioxide nanoparticles have studied. PVP still appeared amorphous structure in spite of presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticle with crystalline form. The films of pure PVP and PVP with titanium dioxide nanoparticle have been prepared by casting method and used in covering glass plates and plastic to study the effect of these films on growth of bacteria. The antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli has been tested. In this study the prepared films had antibacterial effect on plastic and glass plates, the reduction of bacterial growth percentage for PVP films on plastic and glass plates reached to 60.89% and 62.5% against S. aureus and 49%, 51% against E. coli, respectively. Whereas the percentage for prepared films from a mixture of PVP with titanium dioxide nanoparticle on plastic and glass plates reached 89.42% and 86%, respectively against S. aureus and 100% , 69% against E.coli. Antibiofilm effect of PVP with titanium dioxide nanoparticle against pathogenic bacteria on catheters was studied for (4) weeks. PVP with titanium dioxide nanoparticle films had the ability to inhibit biofilm formation for pathogenic bacteria on catheters, the inhibition of biofilm percentage reached to 83.97% against S.aureus and 65.3% against E.coli after fourth week of storage. Keywords: (PVP) Polymer; TiO2 nanoparticles; Antibacterial Activity; Antibiofilm; Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli; catheters.
Environmental hypoxia favors myoblast differentiation and fast phenotype but blunts activation of protein synthesis after resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle

We hypothesized that a single session of resistance exercise performed in moderate hypoxic (FiO2: 14%) environmental conditions would potentiate the anabolic response during the recovery period spent in normoxia. Twenty subjects performed a 1‐leg knee extension session in normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Muscle biopsies were taken 15 min and 4 h after exercise in the vastus lateralis of the exercised and the nonexercised legs. Blood and saliva samples were taken at regular intervals before, during, and after the exercise session. The muscle fractional‐protein synthetic rate was determined by deuterium incorporation into proteins, and the protein‐degradation rate was determined by methylhistidine release from skeletal muscle. We found that: 1) hypoxia blunted the activation of protein synthesis after resistance exercise; 2) hypoxia down‐regulated the transcriptional program of autophagy; 3) hypoxia regulated the expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism at rest and the genes involved in myoblast differentiation and fusion and in muscle contraction machinery after exercise; and 4) the hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1γ pathway was not activated at the time points studied. Contrary to our hypothesis, environmental hypoxia did not potentiate the short‐term anabolic response after resistance exercise, but it initiated transcriptional regulations that could potentially translate into satellite cell incorporation and higher force production in the long term. —Gnimassou, O. , Fernández‐Verdejo, R. , Brook, M. , Naslain, D. , Balan, E. , Sayda, M. , Cegielski, J., Nielens, H. , Decottignies, A. , Demoulin, J.‐B. , Smith, K. , Atherton, P. J., Fancaux, M. , Deldicque, L. Environmental hypoxia favors myoblast differentiation and fast phenotype but blunts activation of protein synthesis after resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle. FASEB J. 32, 5272–5284 (2018). www.fasebj. org
Altered Synaptic Properties During Integration of Adult-Born Hippocampal Neurons Following a Seizure Insult

Pathological conditions affect several stages of neurogenesis in the adult brain, including proliferation, survival, cell fate, migration, and functional integration. Here we explored how a pathological environment modulates the heterogeneous afferent synaptic input that shapes the functional properties of newly formed neurons. We analyzed the expression of adhesion molecules and other synaptic proteins on adult-born hippocampal neurons formed after electrically-induced partial status epilepticus (pSE). New cells were labeled with a GFP-retroviral vector one week after pSE. One and three weeks thereafter, synaptic proteins were present on dendritic spines and shafts, but without differences between pSE and control group. In contrast, at six weeks, we found fewer dendritic spines and decreased expression of the scaffolding protein PSD-95 on spines, without changes in expression of the adhesion molecules N-cadherin or neuroligin-1, primarily located at excitatory synapses. Moreover, we detected an increased expression of the inhibitory scaffolding protein gephyrin in newborn but not mature neurons after SE. However, this increase was not accompanied by a difference in GABA expression, and there was even a region-specific decrease in the adhesion molecule neuroligin-2 expression, both in newborn and mature neurons. Neuroligin-2 clusters co-localized with presynaptic cholecystokinin terminals, which were also reduced. The expression of neuroligin-4 and glycine receptor was unchanged. Increased postsynaptic clustering of gephyrin, without an accompanying increase in GABAergic input or neuroligin-2 and -4 expression, the latter important for clustering of GABAA and glycine receptors, respectively, could imply an increased but altered inhibitory connectivity specific for newborn neurons. The changes were transient and expression of both gephyrin and NL-2 was normalized 3 months post-SE. Our findings indicate that seizure-induced brain pathology alters the sub-cellular expression of synaptic adhesion molecules and scaffolding proteins related to particularly inhibitory but also excitatory synapses, which may yield functional consequences for the integration of adult-born neurons.
Geographic variation in thermal physiological performance of the intertidal crab Petrolisthes violaceus along a latitudinal gradient

Environmental temperature has profound effects on the biological performance and biogeographical distribution of ectothermic species. Variation of this abiotic factor across geographic gradients is expected to produce physiological differentiation and local adaptation of natural populations depending on their thermal tolerances and physiological sensitivities. Here, we studied geographic variation in whole-organism thermal physiology of seven populations of the porcelain crab Petrolisthes violaceus across a latitudinal gradient of 3000 km, characterized by a cline of thermal conditions. Our study found that populations of P. violaceus show no differences in the limits of their thermal performance curves and demonstrate a negative correlation of their optimal temperatures with latitude. Additionally, our findings show that high-latitude populations of P. violaceus exhibit broader thermal tolerances, which is consistent with the climatic variability hypothesis. Interestingly, under a future scenario of warming oceans, the thermal safety margins of P. violaceus indicate that lower latitude populations can physiologically tolerate the ocean-warming scenarios projected by the IPCC for the end of the twenty-first century.
BROOD SEX RATIOS ARE RELATED TO MALE SIZE BUT NOT TO ATTRACTIVENESS IN COMMON YELLOWTHROATS (GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS)

Abstract When the reproductive value of sons differs from that of daughters, selection will favor broods biased toward the sex that can provide greater fitness benefits. In species where female choice is based on male ornamentation, females mated to highly ornamented males may experience a reproductive advantage by skewing the brood sex ratio toward sons. In the Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), males with larger black facial masks are more likely to gain a social mate and sire extrapair young and, as a result, have increased seasonal reproductive success. Females mated to larger-masked males could benefit if they produced more sons. Given that larger- masked males are preferred as extrapair sires, females may also benefit by producing more extrapair sons. We tested these hypotheses during a five-year study of Common Yellowthroats in Wisconsin. Contrary to our predictions, females did not produce more sons when mated to males with larger masks, and extrapair young were not more likely to be male. However, sons were more likely to be sired by males with longer tarsi, which suggests that females may respond to male body size rather than to male ornament size. El Cociente de Sexos en las Nidadas Está Relacionado con el Tamaño de los Machos pero no con el Atractivo en Geothlypis trichas
Expectations gap, anticipated regret, and behavior intention in the context of rapid technology evolvement

Purpose This study examines how the gap between the expected benefit of the current system and that of the future upgraded system affects consumer behavior when adopting a new technology Design/methodology/approach The study extends the regret theory to establish a structural model of expectations gap, anticipated regret, and behavior intention. Next, it conducts an online survey on the potential users of intelligent CCTV for home use. Findings The expected benefit of the current system not only is a direct precedence factor for consumer behavior but also forms the anticipated regret through comparison with the expected benefit of the upgraded system in the future, thereby proving that this ultimately affects consumer behavior. Originality/value Regret is an interesting emotion that could have significant impact on consumers' adoption/purchasing behaviors. While there are some studies in the IS literature on regret, it's still understudied. This study analyzes the characteristics of IT products with rapid.