Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical implications of recent research on the fetal alcohol syndrome.

FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME refers to a recognizable pattern of abnormalities observed in children born to alcoholic mothers. ' It is diagnosed by the presence of abnormalities in each of three categories: prenatal and/or postnatal growth retardation; central nervous system involvement; and a characteristic face, currently qualitatively described as including short palpebral fissures (eye openings), an elongated midface, a long and flattened philtrum (groove between nose and upper lip), thin upper lip, and flattened maxilla (midface). 2 nervous system and long-term with physical features or mental handicaps enough Prospective longitudinal studies extend in important ways. They permit more accurate measurement of prenatal alcohol exposure and other factors that might influence pre and postnatal development. Such measures are needed to determine whether heavy drinking during pregnancy by nonalcoholic women impairs cognitive or neurobehavioral development of their children, and to assess the long-term consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure in children with no obvious physical manifestations. Prospective studies also provide measures of prevalence and factors influencing
R&D, firm size and incremental product innovation

This article addresses an issue that is debated in the economics of innovation literature, namely the existence of increasing returns to R&D expenditures and firm size, in product innovation. It explores further how the firm's structural characteristics and contextual factors affect the sustained introduction of new components over a relatively long time period. Taking advantage of an original and unique database comprising information on new product announcements by leading semiconductor producers, we show that: (i) decreasing returns to size and R&D expenditures characterize the innovation production function of the sampled firms; (ii) producers operating a larger product portfolio exhibit a higher propensity to introduce new products than their specialized competitors; (iii) aging has positive bearings on the firm's ability to innovate.
Sequential assembly of cell‐laden hydrogel constructs to engineer vascular‐like microchannels

Microscale technologies, such as microfluidic systems, provide powerful tools for building biomimetic vascular‐like structures for tissue engineering or in vitro tissue models. Recently, modular approaches have emerged as attractive approaches in tissue engineering to achieve precisely controlled architectures by using microengineered components. Here, we sequentially assembled microengineered hydrogels (microgels) into hydrogel constructs with an embedded network of microchannels. Arrays of microgels with predefined internal microchannels were fabricated by photolithography and assembled into 3D tubular construct with multi‐level interconnected lumens. In the current setting, the sequential assembly of microgels occurred in a biphasic reactor and was initiated by swiping a needle to generate physical forces and fluidic shear. We optimized the conditions for assembly and successfully perfused fluids through the interconnected constructs. The sequential assembly process does not significantly influence cell viability within the microgels indicating its promise as a biofabrication method. Finally, in an attempt to build a biomimetic 3D vasculature, we incorporated endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells into an assembled construct with a concentric microgel design. The sequential assembly is simple, rapid, cost‐effective, and could be used for fabricating tissue constructs with biomimetic vasculature and other complex architectures. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1693–1703. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Comprehensive Look at the Private Equity Industry in Mexico (1990–2006)

This analysis sheds light on the private equity industry in an emerging market, Mexico during its initial years. The article also focuses on the different strategies followed by private equity fund managers investing in Mexico, as a preliminary explanation of performance of the industry. Empirical evidence from 96 private equity funds and 326 transactions is used as supporting evidence. The lack of leverage for private equity investments in Mexico seems to be one of the industry's leading inhibitors.
Aggregation in Matching Markets

This article develops aggregate relations for a matching market of heterogeneous suppliers and demanders. Under particular assumptions about the distribution of preferences and the matching game, asymptotic aggregate relations for the number of realized matches of different types in the presence of flexible contracts (such as a price) are derived. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the model also provides excellent predictions in small populations. The potential for applications within demographic, labor market, and welfare analyses is discussed.
Distinguishing Playing Pattern between Winning and Losing Field Hockey Team in Delhi FIH Road to London 2012 Tournament

The aim of the present study was to analyze and distinguish playing pattern between winning and losing field hockey team in Delhi 2012 tournament. The playing pattern is focus to the D penetration (right, center, left.) and to distinguish D penetration linking to end shot made from it. The data was recorded and analyzed using Sportscode elite computer software. 12 matches were analyzed from the tournament. Two groups of performance indicators are used to analyze, that is D penetration right, center, and left. The type of shot chosen is hit, push, flick, drag, drag flick, deflect sweep, deflect push, scoop, sweep, and reverse hit. This is to distinguish the pattern of play between winning and losing, only 2 performance indicator showed high significant differences from right (Z=-2.87, p=.004, p<0.05) and left penetration (Z=-2.49, p=.013, p<0.05). Winning team had higher significant in hit shot from right penetration (Z=2.719, p=.007, p<0.05) same as left penetration showed high in push shot (Z=-2.236, p=.025, p<0.05) and hit (Z=-1.983, p=.047, p<0.05). The shots made from the center penetration had no significant between winning and losing team. Keywords—D penetration, field hockey playing pattern, goals scored.
Determinant factors in the degree of implementation of Local Agenda 21 in the European Union

The concern for sustainable development reached its greatest form of expression in what is known as the Brundtland Report; however, it was the Rio de Janeiro Conference of 1992 that created the foundations, through agreements such as Agenda 21. Though the success of Agenda 21 depends fundamentally on central governments, local administrations can play a decisive role, which is why European cities have taken on a serious commitment to enforce it by way of the Aalborg Charter. This paper evaluates the advancements by European municipalities in implementing Local Agenda 21, by identifying their determinant factors. The results show that productive and organizational aspects are key factors, regardless of their origin. Likewise, it has been verified that the factors of promotion instigated by supramunicipal bodies of the public administration are extremely effective, whereas political factors are of little relevance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
TwitterNews: Real time event detection from the Twitter data stream

Research in event detection from the Twitter stream- ing data has been gaining momentum in the last couple of years. Although such data is noisy and often contains mislead- ing information, Twitter can be a rich source of information if harnessed properly. In this paper, we propose a scalable event detection system, TwitterNews, to detect and track newsworthy events in real time from Twitter. TwitterNews provides a novel approach, by combining random indexing based term vector model with locality sensitive hashing, that aids in performing incremental clustering of tweets related to various events within a fixed time. TwitterNews also incorporates an effective strategy to deal with the cluster fragmentation issue prevalent in in- cremental clustering. The set of candidate events generated by TwitterNews are then filtered, to report the newsworthy events along with an automatically selected representative tweet from each event cluster. Finally, we evaluate the effectiveness of TwitterNews, in terms of the recall and the precision, using a publicly available corpus.
Pussy Riot: a feminist band lost in history and translation

The Pussy Riot story is clearly a story the West wanted to hear. Western journalists, politicians, and celebrities were unanimously inspired by the youthfulness and rebellion of courageous Russian feminists. Their life experience perfectly resonates with the core of these young women's messages. For Russians, however, even for those who share the most liberal values, it is not so simple. Public polls and several months of heated debates have shown that virtually everyone in this deeply conservative country has struggled to make sense of the Pussy Riot performance. So, what do Westerners not understand about Russia and what are the problems of translating feminism(s) into different cultural contexts? How does feminist protest deprived of its roots function here, and why do women in Russia not understand that Pussy Riot's story personally concerns all of them? This essay outlines the difference between Russian and Western readings of the Pussy Riot performance and, using the case of public response in Russia, contemplates the reasons for the failure of feminism in this part of the world.
How Investors Trade Around Interim Earnings Announcements

This study focuses on non-institutional trading behaviour around interim earnings announcements in the emerging market. We separate the stock trading activity of Finnish households into five trading classes and compare the results to institutional trading. Data covering the years 1996-2000 shows that earnings news triggers trading in every trading class. We also find some evidence that actively trading individuals especially (compared to passively trading ones) show increased buying and selling activity before the event compared to the non-event period. After the event we find that Finnish households in the most active investor class tend to follow a contrarian strategy, especially selling after good news. This adds to previous evidence by Grinblatt and Keloharju (2000b) . Furthermore, the performance of the active investor classes is superior to that of passive ones. Finally, the institutional trading class is clearly less affected by the announcement than the active investor classes, suggesting that institutions utilize a broader information set than individual investors. Copyright Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 2006.
Comment on The Benefits of Dollarization When Stabilization Policy Lacks Credibility and Financial Markets Are Imperfect

My discussion focuses on four topics: (i) the scope of the papel^: dollalization versus stabilization of inflation, (ii) the welfare gains of stabilization in steady state versus the welfare gains including the transition, (iii) the role of uncertainty in the evaluation of the benefit of stabilization, and (iv) the specification and effects of the borrowing constraints in the welfare gains from stabilization. Enrique finds that moving from a high and variable inflation to price stability entails large welfare gains fol^ a small open economy. He focuses on the quantitative assessment of this regime change. I will provide an explanation of the main forces in his model and the determinants of the magnitudes that he has found. 1 As other papers in this conference, Enrique's paper does not analyze dollarization per se, but a fixed exchange rate regime. He analyzes the welfare benefits of the following regime change. The initial regime has a high and variable inflation process, which is the only source of uncertainty. The new regime has price stability. Thus the sense where "stabilization policy is not credible" is that the old regime has a high and variable inflation. There is no analysis of credibility in the sense of the "credible public policies" of Stokey or in the sense of the "sustainable plans" of Chari and Kehoe. Nevertheless, I think that the welfare analysis of a permanent reduction in the inflation rate is an interesting topic in itself, and certainly an important ingredient in the analysis of dollarization, since the countries that are considering the possibility of dollarization are those that are (or were) plagued by chronically high inflation. Thus, even though Enrique's paper does not contribute to the analysis of the specifics of dollarization, or credibility, it does provide a new analysis of the effect of a pel^manent reduction in inflation for a small open economy.
Knowledge, Attitude and Perceived Confidence in Handling Medical Emergencies among Dental Practitioners in Dakshina Kannada, India

Introduction: Medical Emergencies may arise on the dental chair despite efforts to minimize them. Lack of training and inability to cope with these can lead to tragic consequences. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the perceived level of competency among dental practitioners in handling medical emergencies. Materials and Methods: A structured survey consisting of 13 questions pertaining to knowledge, attitude and perceived confidence of dental practitioners in handling medical emergencies was developed, and 282 dental practitioners holding at least a Bachelor of Dental Surgery degree and practicing in Dakshin Kannada district, Karnataka, India were approached. Statistical analysis used: The data collected was tabulated and analysed by using the Epi-info version 5.0 and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. The results were expressed in terms of proportion, chi-square test, odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval were applied for comparison purpose, a p-value<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Over 70% of the specialists responded that they record medical history and follow the universal precaution guidelines. Training as well as perceived confidence of most dentists was statistically low in administering Cardio-Pulmonary-Resuscitation, intravenous drugs and Heimlich maneuver. The training and perceived confidence was highest for measuring blood pressure and managing syncope. Conclusions: Dentists do have a gap in their knowledge, awareness and practice; hence a curriculum related to handling medical emergency should be enforced in dentistry to provide safe healthcare.
Differential evolution to find Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium in bilevel problems with multiple followers

This paper considers bilevel programming problems with one leader and multiple followers when there is information shared among the followers. In this model, the objective function and the set of constraints of each follower include the leader's variables and the variables of the other followers. We propose a differential evolution method to solve the so called Stackelberg-Nash problem, in which the leader announces a decision first and then, in response to this decision, the followers make their decisions simultaneously solving a Nash equilibrium problem. The algorithm performance is illustrated by means of several test problems.
Pain assessment and management in critically ill postoperative and trauma patients: a multisite study.

BACKGROUND Pain in critically ill patients is undertreated. OBJECTIVES To examine patients' perceptions of pain and acute pain management practices in a large metropolitan area to provide direction for improvements in pain relief. METHODS In a descriptive, correlational study, data were collected from 213 patients in 13 hospitals. Interviews with patients, chart reviews, and interviews with nurse leaders were used to examine institutional and individual approaches to pain management. RESULTS Twenty-eight percent of patients did not recall an explanation of a pain management plan, and 64% were often in moderate to severe pain while in the intensive care unit. High pain intensity correlated with wait for an analgesic (P < .001), expectations of less pain (P < .001), and longer stay in the intensive care unit (P < .001). Low satisfaction correlated with expectations of less pain (P < .001), often being in moderate to severe pain (P < .001), and long wait for an analgesic (P < .001). In the first 24 hours postoperatively, only 54% of patients had a numerical pain rating documented; 91% had a pain description. The amount of opioid given on postoperative day 1 was influenced by pain intensity (P < .001), the patient's age (P = .03), type of surgery (P = .002), and route of analgesic (P < .001). Only 33% of patients had nonpharmacological pain interventions documented. CONCLUSIONS Despite moderate to severe pain, patients are generally satisfied with their pain relief. Measuring patients' satisfaction alone is not a reliable outcome for determining the effectiveness of pain management. Realistic expectations of patients about their pain may enhance coping, increase satisfaction, and decrease pain intensity after surgery.
Does Sustainable Supplier Cooperation Affect Performance

The increasing importance of sustainable behaviour in business has enhanced its impact on supply chain management. Firms foster sustainability in their supplier base in reaction to growing sustainability requirements in various ways, including sustainable supplier co-operation. Knowledge about the effects of sustainable supplier co-operation on firm performance is limited; therefore, this study tests antecedents and implications of sustainable supplier co-operation according to the triple bottom line. A survey of Western European firms reveals that sustainable supplier co-operation has generally positive effects on firm performance across social, green and economic dimensions. However, only green practices have positive significant effects on economic performance, not social practices (e.g., child labour rules). In contrast to practitioner perceptions, investments in sustainability, for example through sustainable supplier co-operation does indeed result in sufficient returns.
On causality in the size-efficiency relationship: the effect of investor cash flows on the mutual fund industry

One of the perceived advantages in mutual fund management is the presence of economies of scale resulting from fund size. This article analyses the impact of mutual fund cash flows on the relation between size and performance, demonstrating that performance determines asymmetric variations in fund assets, particularly in mutual equity funds. Therefore, the more efficient funds generate broad enough cash flow entry that increases the relative size of the fund, leading to an implicit and positive relation between size and performance. So, if the average size over the period sample is used as a measure of size, such a relation would be biased. When the initial size is used, this bias is avoided and, in general, an insignificant relation is found between size and performance. These results are controlled by mutual fund costs using gross returns to estimate performance. The evidence is robust, and shows only weak evidence of a negative relation between size and performance for the balanced funds that is driven by a low positive relation between costs and size; precisely, the contrary that is expected from the hypothesis of the presence of economies of scale.
Analysis of the Changing Influences on Traditional Households

Sociological and economic forces have begun to alter ownership patterns in ways not yet captured by movements in the aggregate ownership rate. While demographic factors such as marital status, and family structure remain influential in determining tenure choice, their impact has waned, particularly among the best educated households and those with rising real incomes. Labor market conditions, as evidenced by increasing returns to skill, are more strongly felt than ever before in the housing market. The impact on owning of being highly educated now rivals the influence of being married with minor children. Increasingly delayed ownership is a reality, even for traditional family units with 36-45 year old heads that have not prospered in the labor market. The rising real cost of even relatively inexpensive suburban housing is also beginning to be reflected in a heightened impact for real family income on tenure choice. Finally, race currently is more adversely influential in determining suburban ownership for young, middle-aged minority families than it was in 1960, particularly if the household head is not well educated. We suspect this is due to racially disparate impacts of increasingly rigorous zoning regulations and higher impact fees in the suburbs.
Experiences of HIV/AIDS home-based caregivers in Vhembe District of the Limpopo Province

The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of HIV and AIDS home-based caregivers in the Vhembe district of Limpopo Province. A qualitative research design which was exploratory, descriptive and contextual was executed with a sample of purposively selected participants who provided home-based care to people living with HIV and AIDS in the Vhembe district of Limpopo Province. Data saturation occurred after in-depth interviews with fifteen participants. In-depth individual interviews and field notes were also used during data collection. The findings reveal that HIV/AIDS home-based caregivers express pain and despair when caring for HIV/AIDS patients. The theme was supported by the following categories and subcategories: problems related to stigma when caring for patients at their homes; stress, burnout, frustration and feelings of helplessness when caring for patients. Recommendations that are described focus on building a working relationship between the home-based caregivers, community and the family.
Environmental Education Curriculum Policy in Tanzanian Schools

This viewpoint paper examines environmental education policy in practice in Tanzania in the context of the primary school curriculum. This policy review stretches back to the mid-1960s, when major curricula changes were effected, to the present. The paper highlights efforts during this period to provide relevant education and enhance development of environmental education skills as well as life skills for school candidates and community members. This paper provides background information and highlights several issues associated with current policies in operation, including interpretations of policy and implementation. It identifies some of the key achievements and makes recommendations for strengthening the implementation of policy in practice. A number of relevant documents were drawn on in this study, augmented by field observations. The study found that the school curriculum, which is the vehicle for translating policy into actions is not adequately implemented due to poor defining of environmental education in early policy documents.