Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SINGULAR NONLINEAR BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM FOR THE BUBBLE TYPE OR DROPLET TYPE SOLUTIONS IN NONLINEAR PHYSICS MODELS

For a second order nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE), a singular boundary value problem (BVP) is investigated which arises in hydromechanics and nonlinear field theory when static centrally symmetric bubble type (droplet type) solutions are sought. Being defined on a semi infinite interval 0 < r < ∞, this ODE, with a polynomial nonlinearity of the third order with respect to a desired function, possesses a regular singular point as r → 0 and an irregular one as r →∞. Using some results for singular Cauchy problems (CPs) and stable initial manifolds (SIMs), we give the restrictions to the parameters for correct mathematical statement of the above singular nonlinear BVP, solving as well an accompanying problem concerning the transfer of the boundary condition from a singular point into a close regular one. Due to a certain variational approach and some results for so called ground state problem, the necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of bubble type or droplet type solutions are discussed (in the form of additional restrictions to the parameters) and some estimates are obtained. For a bubble model in the modern theory of nonhomogeneous or two phase fluids with the equations of state depending on the derivatives, the singular nonlinear BVP under consideration has been posed and partially studied in [1] including numerical simulation of the problem (some preliminary results have been announced also in [2] [4]). In the present work we give briefly some results concerning a more complete and accurate theoretical analysis of this BVP and its applications. We don't present here the numerical methods and computational results. The detailed analytical numerical investigation of the above singular nonlinear BVP, including physical interpretation of the numerical results, is assumed to be published in [5].
Gestational ketogenic diet programs brain structure and susceptibility to depression & anxiety in the adult mouse offspring

The ketogenic diet (KD) has seen an increase in popularity for clinical and non‐clinical purposes, leading to rise in concern about the diet's impact on following generations. The KD is known to have a neurological effect, suggesting that exposure to it during prenatal brain development may alter neuro‐anatomy. Studies have also indicated that the KD has an anti‐depressant effect on the consumer. However, it is unclear whether any neuro‐anatomical and/or behavioral changes would occur in the offspring and persist into adulthood.
Mental Imagery, Impact, and Affect: A Mediation Model for Charitable Giving

One of the puzzling phenomena in philanthropy is that people can show strong compassion for identified individual victims but remain unmoved by catastrophes that affect large numbers of victims. Two prominent findings in research on charitable giving reflect this idiosyncrasy: The (1) identified victim and (2) victim number effects. The first of these suggests that identifying victims increases donations and the second refers to the finding that people’s willingness to donate often decreases as the number of victims increases. While these effects have been documented in the literature, their underlying psychological processes need further study. We propose a model in which identified victim and victim number effects operate through different cognitive and affective mechanisms. In two experiments we present empirical evidence for such a model and show that different affective motivations (donor-focused vs. victim-focused feelings) are related to the cognitive processes of impact judgments and mental imagery. Moreover, we argue that different mediation pathways exist for identifiability and victim number effects.
Practitioners’ Conceptions of Academic Talent and Giftedness: Essential Factors in Deciding Classroom and School Composition

Experts have developed varying, and sometimes conflicting, conceptions of academic talent and giftedness. Classroom and school composition often are tied to these conceptions of academic talent and giftedness, and magnet and charter schools select certain students who best “fit” their particular conception of giftedness. Educators’ perceptions and attitudes regarding academic talent and giftedness thus impact what services are delivered to which students. Little is known about educators’ beliefs regarding conceptions of academic talent and giftedness. The current national study surveyed 900 public school educators, including regular classroom teachers, administrators, and gifted education specialists, regarding their definitions of academic talent and giftedness. The educators believed that all traditional and popular conceptions of academic talent and giftedness were valid, but they were less likely to support definitions involving talents in less-traditional areas. Educators accepted some of the more recently conceived, and more inclusive, conceptions of academic talent or giftedness. Such results are potentially valuable to school administrators, gifted education specialists, and regular classroom teachers who work with academically talented and gifted students, as well as to those who are concerned with the factors influencing school or classroom composition.
Managing information overload in virtual teams: Effects of a structured online team adaptation on cognition and performance

Information overload (IO) indicates the exchange of too much low-quality information in virtual teams. When being overloaded with information, teams need to adapt and to change communication behaviour. This study introduces and tests a structured online team adaptation (STROTA) procedure that enables virtual teams to reduce IO by improving their team mental model quality. STROTA, built from team adaptation models, is a moderated intervention consisting of three stages: (1) individual situation awareness, (2) team situation awareness, and (3) plan formulation. STROTA was tested in the context of an experimental problem-solving task. Participants (N = 363) worked in virtual teams of three and were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions: no STROTA, incomplete STROTA (step 1, steps 1–2), and complete STROTA (steps 1–2–3). We found teams that followed a complete STROTA procedure experienced lessened IO over time. Teams with complete STROTA showed the largest development of TMM immediately after STROTA. Finally, multilevel mediation analyses showed that TMM are mediators that explain the influence of STROTA on IO.
Payment for kidneys: a government-regulated system is not ethically achievable.

In this issue of CJASN , Dr. Ahad Ghods, along with Dr. Shekoufeh Savaj, presents the most comprehensive review to date of the Iranian model of kidney transplantation. It is an excellent report given by a colleague for whom we have high personal regard and with whom we have interacted at several international transplant meetings in recent years. His contribution to the Amsterdam Forum was substantial and well received. Nearly 20,000 kidney transplants have been performed in Iran since the inception of the program in 1988. The Iranian model is to be commended for its intent to provide care for the kidney vendor by lifelong health insurance, especially since 80% of the vendor population is categorized as poor. The Iranian system also provides an important example for the international transplant community to preclude the abuse of transplant tourism, which is now evident in many parts of the world. The report by Ghods and Savaj presents important data from the total Iranian experience. The widely known success of kidney transplantation has made it the preferred approach of renal replacement therapy for Iranian patients and for all …
Relationships between students' strategies for influencing their study environment and their strategic approach to studying

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between student influence, students' strategic approaches to studying and academic achievement, and to examine differences between students in a Master's programme in Engineering with conventional teaching and one based on problem‐based learning in a sample of 268 students. A version of the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students and a questionnaire measuring students' attempts to influence their study environment were used. The results showed that informal strategies for influencing the study environment and academic achievement were related to the strategic approach to studying, and that students in the programme based on problem‐based learning employed more informal and social strategies to influence their studies. These findings indicate that an informal influence strategy is an aspect of the strategic approach to studying, and that problem‐based learning could improve teacher–student relationships, increase the students' involvement and their use of strategic approaches to studying.
Hemostatic powder TC-325 in the management of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding: a two-year experience at a single institution

Background and study aims: TC-325 is a novel endoscopic hemostatic powder. Our aim was to describe a single-center experience with the use of TC-325 in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract, while for the first time attempting to determine how long the powder remains on a lesion. Patients and methods: The charts of consecutive patients receiving TC-325 therapy between July 2011 and July 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. Primary endpoints included immediate hemostasis and early rebleeding (≤ 72 hours). Results: Overall, 60 patients received 67 treatments with TC-325: 21 for nonmalignant nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 19 for malignant upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 11 for lower gastrointestinal bleeding, and 16 for intra-procedural bleeding. Immediate hemostasis was achieved in 66 cases (98.5 %), with 6 cases (9.5 %) of early rebleeding. No serious adverse events were noted. No TC-325 powder was identified in the 11 patients who underwent second-look endoscopy, performed within 24 hours in 4 patients. Conclusions: TC-325 appears safe and effective for managing bleeding in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract with a variety of causes. The time during which the powder remains in the gastrointestinal tract is short, with complete elimination from the gastrointestinal tract as early as within 24 hours after use.
p63 expression in normal skin and usual cutaneous carcinomas

Background: p63 is a p53 homologue that is mapped to chromosome 3q27. This gene encodes six different isoforms, which have either transactivating or dominant negative effects on p53‐reporter genes. It has been described that in contrast to p53, p63 seems not to be associated with tumor predisposition, as neither p63 knockout mouse models nor germline p63 mutations are related to an increased risk of tumorigenesis. It has been demonstrated that p63 is a reliable keratinocyte stem cell marker and that it is involved in the maintenance of the stem cell population. Scant data on p63 expression in normal skin, basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), keratoacanthomas and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) have been reported. We herein evaluated p63 expression in 16 BCCs, one keratoacanthoma and 13 SCCs.
Stress echocardiography in coronary artery disease

Doppler echocardiography is a simple, fast and non-invasive method to identify abnormal regional and global left ventricular function. One could consider this non-invasive method to be the best approach within imaging techniques. Stress echocardiography techniques are used for the diagnosis, risk stratification, prognosis and the study of myocardial viability in the ischemic heart disease. There are many ways to subject the heart to stress for echocardiographic studies. For physically fit patients exercise stress testing using a treadmill or bicycle is unemployed and patients who are unable to exercise undergo pharmacological tests. Although accurate diagnosis and a high prognosis value are achivied with both methods, there are new techniques under study, including the utilization of echocardiographic contrast with microbubbles for endocardial edge evaluation and for myocardial perfusion studies.
Effects of Agriculture on Abundance, Genetic Diversity and Fitness in the Common Frog, Rana temporaria

Studies examining the effects of anthropogenic habitat fragmentation on both neutral and adaptive genetic variability are still scarce. We compared tadpole fitness-related traits (viz. survival probability and body size) among populations of the common frog (Rana temporaria) from fragmented (F) and continuous (C) habitats that differed significantly in population sizes (C > F) and genetic diversity (C > F) in neutral genetic markers. Using data from common garden experiments, we found a significant positive relationship between the mean values of the fitness related traits and the amount of microsatellite variation in a given population. While genetic differentiation in neutral marker loci (F-ST) tended to be more pronounced in the fragmented than in the continuous habitat, genetic differentiation in quantitative traits (Q(ST)) exceeded that in neutral marker traits in the continuous habitat (i.e. Q(ST) > F-ST), but not in the fragmented habitat (i.e. Q(ST) approximate to F-ST). These results suggest that the impact of random genetic drift relative to natural selection was higher in the fragmented landscape where populations were small, and had lower genetic diversity and fitness as compared to populations in the more continuous landscape. The findings highlight the potential importance of habitat fragmentation in impairing future adaptive potential of natural populations.
AGE DIFFERENCES IN THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG CONDITIONAL INFERENCE, WORKING MEMORY AND PREPOTENT RESPONSE INHIBITION

The present study examined the relationships among conditional inference, working memory (WM) and prepotent response inhibition (PRI) across different age groups. Participants (N = 112) of this study included preschoolers (6-year-olds), third graders (8-year-olds), fifth graders (11-year-olds) and eighth graders (13-year-olds). There were two conditional inference tasks, one based on a factual proposition and another based on a counterfactual proposition. The backward digit span task and Stroop task were used as the measures of WM and PRI, respectively. Results of the present study revealed that conditional inference was related to WM in all age groups, but was related to PRI in only the preschoolers, third graders and fifth graders. Data suggested that the role of WM and PRI varied with age development.
Intelligent Decision Support System and its Application in Science Research Project Selection

Science research project selection is an important task for organizations with project management. It is a complicated multi-stage decision-making process, which involves groups of decision makers. Current research on research project selection mainly focuses on mathematical decision models and their applications, but ignores the organizational aspect of the decision-making process. This paper proposes an intelligent decision support system (IDSS) for research project selection. According to the evaluation information being characteristic of uncertain, fuzzy and incomplete information, the D-S theory of evidence was applied to aggregate the evaluation. At same time, the IDSS mines the expert’s information from the applications to acquire the weight of experts to make the selection process more true-life. The demonstration shows the ways this method is feasible. The IDSS with this method can provide useful information for decision-making tasks in the project selection process.
Treatment of seasonal affective disorders

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a subform of major depressive disorder, recurrent, or bipolar disorder with a regular onset of depressive episodes at a certain time of year, usually the winter. The treatment of SAD is similar to that of other forms of affective disorder, except that bright light therapy is recommended as the first-line option. Light therapy conventionally involves exposure to visible light of at least 2500 lux intensity at eye level. The effects of light therapy are thought to be mediated exclusively by the eyes, not the skin, although this assumption has not yet been verified. Morning light therapy has proven to be superior to treatment regimens in the evening. Response rates to light therapy are about 80% in selected patient populations, with atypical depressive symptoms being the best predictor of a favorable treatment outcome. Data from randomized, controlled trials suggest that antidepressants are effective in the treatment of SAD. Three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have been conducted showing promising results for the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) sertraline and fluoxetine, as well as for moclobemide, a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A.
Can Requirements Be Creative? Experiences with an Enhanced Air Space Management System

Requirements engineering is a creative process in which stakeholders work together to create ideas for new software systems that are eventually expressed as requirements. This paper reports a workshop that integrated creativity techniques with different types of use case and system context modeling to discover stakeholder requirements for EASM, a future air space management software system to enable the more effective, longer-term planning of UK and European airspace use. The workshop was successful in that it provided a range of outputs that were later assessed for their novelty and usefulness in the final specification of the EASM software. The paper describes the workshop structure, gives examples of outputs from it, and uses these results to answer 2 research questions about the utility of creativity techniques and workshops that had not been answered in previous research.
Variability in Parameter Estimates and Model Fit Across Repeated Allocations of Items to Parcels

Different random or purposive allocations of items to parcels within a single sample are thought not to alter structural parameter estimates as long as items are unidimensional and congeneric. If, additionally, numbers of items per parcel and parcels per factor are held fixed across allocations, different allocations of items to parcels within a single sample are thought not to meaningfully alter model fit—at least when items are normally distributed. We show analytically that, although these statements hold in the population, they do not necessarily hold in the sample. We show via a simulation that, even under these conservative conditions, the magnitude of within-sample item-to-parcel-allocation variability in structural parameter estimates and model fit can alter substantive conclusions when sampling error is high (e.g., low N, low item communalities, few items per few parcels). We supply a software tool that facilitates reporting and ameliorating the consequences of item-to-parcel-allocation variability. The tool's utility is demonstrated on an empirical example involving the Neuroticism-Extroversion-Openness (NEO) Personality Inventory and the Computer Assisted Panel Study data set.
Molecular transport and flow past hard and soft surfaces: computer simulation of model systems

The equilibrium and flow of polymer films and drops past a surface are characterized by the interface and surface tensions, viscosity, slip length and hydrodynamic boundary position. These parameters of the continuum description are extracted from molecular simulations of coarse-grained models. Hard, corrugated substrates are modelled by a Lennard-Jones solid while polymer brushes are studied as prototypes of soft, deformable surfaces. Four observations are discussed. (i) If the surface becomes strongly attractive or is coated with a brush, the Navier boundary condition fails to describe the effect of the surface independently of the strength and type of the flow. This failure stems from the formation of a boundary layer with an effective, higher viscosity. (ii) In the case of brush-coated surfaces, flow induces a cyclic, tumbling motion of the tethered chain molecules. Their collective motion gives rise to an inversion of the flow in the vicinity of the grafting surfaces and leads to strong, non-Gaussian fluctuations of the molecular orientations. The flow past a polymer brush cannot be described by Brinkman’s equation. (iii) The hydrodynamic boundary condition is an important parameter for predicting the motion of polymer droplets on a surface under the influence of an external force. Their steady-state velocity is dictated by a balance between the power that is provided by the external force and the dissipation. If there is slippage at the liquid–solid interface, the friction at the solid–liquid interface and the viscous dissipation of the flow inside the drop will be the dominant dissipation mechanisms; dissipation at the three-phase contact line appears to be less important on a hard surface. (iv) On a soft, deformable substrate like a polymer brush, we observe a lifting-up of the three-phase contact line. Controlling the grafting density and the incompatibility between the brush and the polymer liquid we can independently tune the softness of the surface and the contact angle and thereby identify the parameters for maximizing the deformation at the three-phase contact.
Disinformation and Social Bot Operations in the Run Up to the 2017 French Presidential Election

Recent accounts from researchers, journalists, as well as federal investigators, reached a unanimous conclusion: social media are systematically exploited to manipulate and alter public opinion. Some disinformation campaigns have been coordinated by means of bots, social media accounts controlled by computer scripts that try to disguise themselves as legitimate human users. In this study, we describe one such operation that occurred in the run up to the 2017 French presidential election. We collected a massive Twitter dataset of nearly 17 million posts, posted between 27 April and 7 May 2017 (Election Day). We then set to study the MacronLeaks disinformation campaign: By leveraging a mix of machine learning and cognitive behavioral modeling techniques, we separated humans from bots, and then studied the activities of the two groups independently, as well as their interplay. We provide a characterization of both the bots and the users who engaged with them, and oppose it to those users who didn’t. Prior interests of disinformation adopters pinpoint to the reasons of scarce success of this campaign: the users who engaged with MacronLeaks are mostly foreigners with pre-existing interest in alt-right topics and alternative news media, rather than French users with diverse political views. Concluding, anomalous account usage patterns suggest the possible existence of a black market for reusable political disinformation bots.
Simulated Clinical Experience: Nursing Students' Perceptions and the Educators' Role

Simulation with high-fidelity technology is an innovative and effective teaching strategy to address increasing student enrollment, faculty shortages, and limited clinical sites. This interactive learning method allows the educator to focus on desired content and teach multiple objectives. This study examines students' perceptions of a preterm labor simulated clinical experience as a method of instruction, emphasizing the importance of the educators' role in promoting positive student outcomes.