Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of quid-induced lichenoid reactions among western Indian population.

OBJECTIVE Betel quid and areca nut chewing is widely prevalent in many parts of Asia and Asian migrant communities in the world. Due to the carcinogenicity associated with quid and areca nut we developed an interest to study the prevalence of quid induced oral lichenoid reactions in the population of western India. METHODS A total population of 4981 males and females was screened for tobacco use and the prevalence of lesion in 86 quid users was seen. The lesions which met the selection criteria of oral lichenoid reaction were identified. RESULTS Prevalence of 10.4% oral lichenoid reaction was seen in all quid users and 28.12% in subjects who used tobacco with quid. Statistical analysis yielded a high degree of correlation between occurrence of lesion and quid habit. CONCLUSIONS The clinician should be aware of the occurrence of such lesions and their associated clinical behaviour and malignant potential, if any. A close monitoring/ follow-up should be done. FUNDING There was no Finical support from any source.
Unspecified Gastroenteritis Illness and Deaths in the Elderly Associated With Norovirus Epidemics

Background: New variant strains of norovirus have emerged worldwide in recent years, evolving by mutation much like influenza viruses. These strains have been associated with a notable increase in the number of annual norovirus outbreaks. However, the impact of such increased norovirus activity on morbidity and mortality is not clear because norovirus infection is rarely specifically registered. Methods: We studied trends of gastroenteritis with unspecified cause in medical registrations (ie, general practitioner [GP] visits, hospitalizations, and deaths) and their association with known temporal trends in norovirus outbreaks in the Netherlands. Using weekly counts in the elderly (aged 65+ years) from 1999 through 2006, we applied Poisson regression analyses adjusted for additional pathogens and seasonal trends (linear, sine, and cosine terms). Results: In the elderly, each notified norovirus outbreak was associated with an estimated 26 unspecified gastroenteritis GP visits (95% confidence interval = 17–34), 2.2 unspecified gastroenteritis hospitalizations (1.6–2.7), and 0.14 unspecified gastroenteritis deaths (0.08–0.21). For the heaviest norovirus season (2004–2005), these models attributed up to 3804 unspecified gastroenteritis GP visits, 318 unspecified gastroenteritis hospitalizations, and 21 unspecified gastroenteritis deaths to norovirus outbreaks among a total elderly population of 2.3 million. Discussion: The recent increase in norovirus outbreak activity is associated with increases of unspecified gastroenteritis morbidity and even deaths in the elderly. Norovirus should not be regarded as an infection with trivial health risks.
The Health Professional's Motivation in the Basic Health Units

The survey that aimed at studying the health professionals' work motivation at the Basic Health Units in the Municipality of Natal is reported. Motivation was understood as a processing phenomenon involving five components: work outcomes, expectations, valence, instrumentality, and motivational power. In addition, motivation was understood as a phenomenon related to the work context and a psycho-sociological perspective was adopted. Work Motivation and Meaning Inventory was applied to identify factors that contribute most, as well as weaken, to health professionals' motivational power. One concludes that the majority of professionals presented moderate motivational power and falling, because they experience and perceive a deteriorated context with unfavorable working conditions.
Vocal Teachers, Silent Pupils? Life in Botswana Classrooms

Considerable evidence is now available on the human and material inputs that more likely boost pupil achievement in the Third World. Not surprisingly, those factors central to the instructional process-textbooks, exercise books, and teacher literacy levels-are consistently related to children's achievement. Peripheral symbols of quality, including variation in teacher salaries and the character of school facilities, are related less to achievement. '
Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of chronic rejection during antiviral therapy for posttransplant recurrent hepatitis C

Antiviral therapy for recurrent hepatitis C in liver transplantation has been associated with the development of chronic rejection. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence, evolution, and risk factors associated with the development of chronic rejection during posttransplant hepatitis C virus antiviral therapy. Seventy‐nine patients with posttransplant recurrent hepatitis C who were treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin were prospectively followed. Liver biopsy was performed before antiviral therapy was initiated and when liver tests worsened during therapy. Pretransplant and posttransplant factors were analyzed as potential risk factors for the development of chronic rejection. Seven of 79 patients (9%) developed chronic rejection during antiviral therapy. The mean time from the start of treatment to the development of chronic rejection was 5.8 months (3–12 months). An analysis of factors associated with the development of chronic rejection showed that the use of cyclosporine as immunosuppression therapy (6 of 19 patients who received cyclosporine developed chronic rejection in comparison with only 1 of 57 patients who received tacrolimus; P = 0.0013), achievement of sustained virological response (P = 0.043), and ribavirin discontinuation (P = 0.027) were associated with the development of chronic rejection. In conclusion, the development of chronic rejection during posttransplant pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy is a severe complication. The use of cyclosporine, ribavirin discontinuation, and viral infection elimination seem to be associated with the development of this complication. Liver Transpl 15:948–955, 2009. © 2009 AASLD.
The Methodology of Students-as-Researchers: Valuing and using experience and expertise to develop methods

Students in England are increasingly involved in consultation and governance of schools. Some are also involved in researching their own learning, how they are taught, the kinds of curriculum on offer, and school policies and practices. In this article, we suggest that this could be seen as a form of “standpoint research”. We suggest that one way standpoint can be exercised is via the construction of experience-based research tools. We exemplify this through a student research project in which photo-elicitation and verbal scenarios based in students’ understandings of their school did not produce an “authentic” and homogenised voice, but rather multiple perspectives of the classroom and wider school.
Protective Effects of Borago officinalis Extract on Amyloid β-Peptide(25–35)-Induced Memory Impairment in Male Rats: A Behavioral Study

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and most common form of dementia that leads to memory impairment. In the present study we have examined the protective effects of Borago officinalis (borage) extract on Amyloid β (Aβ)-Induced memory impairment. Wistar male rats received intrahippocampal (IHP) injection of the Aβ(25–35) and borage extract throughout gestation (100 mg/kg). Learning and memory functions in the rats were examined by the passive avoidance and the Morris water maze (MWM) tasks. Finally, the antioxidant capacity of hippocampus was measured using ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The results showed that Aβ(25–35) impaired step-through latency and time in dark compartment in passive avoidance task. In the MWM, Aβ(25–35) significantly increased escape latency and traveled distance. Borage administration attenuated the Aβ-induced memory impairment in both the passive avoidance and the MWM tasks. Aβ induced a remarkable decrease in antioxidant power (FRAP value) of hippocampus and borage prevented the decrease of the hippocampal antioxidant status. This data suggests that borage could improve the learning impairment and oxidative damage in the hippocampal tissue following Aβ treatment and that borage consumption may lead to an improvement of AD-induced cognitive dysfunction.
Partial sums of certain classes of analytic functions

In Geometric Function Theory, it is well known that the familiar Koebe function f(z) = z/(1 − z)2 is the extremal function for the class 𝒮* of starlike functions in the open unit disk 𝕌 and also that the function g(z) = z/(1 − z) is the extremal function for the class 𝒦 of convex functions in the open unit disk 𝕌. However, the partial sum fn (z) of f(z) is not starlike in 𝕌 and the partial sum gn (z) of g(z) is not convex in 𝕌. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the starlikeness and convexity of these partial sums fn (z) and gn (z). Computational and graphical usages of Mathematica (Version 4.0) as well as geometrical descriptions of the image domains in several illustrative examples are also presented. E-mail: owa@math.kindai. ac.jp
Looking to the Future: How Possible Aged Selves Influence Prejudice Toward Older Adults

Abstract Ageism is thought to be a unique form of prejudice due to the fact that humans change age group memberships as they age and grow old. The current research investigated how increasing the salience of their future aged selves would affect young adults' expressions of prejudice toward older adults. Taking a social identity approach, we hypothesized that young adults' identification with their current age group would moderate the effects of a future self exercise on ageism. In two studies, strongly identified young adults expressed less positive attitudes toward older adults after writing about themselves at 70, perhaps because thoughts of aged selves were threatening to them. Conversely, the future self exercise increased positive attitudes among weakly identified young adults in Study 2. Study 2 also demonstrated the effects of imagining a future self to be distinct from the effects of a perspective–taking exercise. The role of future social identity concerns in the expression of ageism is discussed.
Intergroup Anxiety: A Person × Situation Approach

A person × situation approach to the study of intergroup anxiety is offered in which anxiety in intergroup encounters is viewed as a transaction between the individual and the environment. An individual difference measure of intergroup anxiety toward African Americans is developed, and studies assessing the scale's reliability and validity are presented. The utility of a person × situation approach is shown in an experiment in which participants high or low in intergroup anxiety were told they would interact with either a European American or an African American. Participants high in intergroup anxiety who were supposed to interact with an African American evidenced the highest state anxiety, perceived the interaction as most difficult, and viewed their partners as most dissimilar from themselves. Issues surrounding sources of intergroup anxiety and the relationship between intergroup anxiety and prejudice are discussed.
Map-based cloning of the ALK gene, which controls the gelatinization temperature of rice

Gelatinization temperature (GT) is an important parameter for evaluating the cooking and eating quality of rice besides amylose content (AC). The inheritance of the genes affecting GT has been widely studied and is considered to be controlled by a major gene. Here, we report the map-based cloning of rice ALK that encodes the soluble starch synthase II (SSSII). Comparison between the DNA sequences from different rice varieties, together with the results obtained with digestion of the rice seeds in alkali solution, indicates that the base substitutions in coding sequence of ALK may cause the alteration in GT.
Linguistic influences on gesture’s form

Hand gestures in face-to-face dialogue are symbolic acts, integrated with speech. Little is known about the factors that determine the physical form of these gestures. When the gesture depicts a previous nonsymbolic action, it obviously resembles this action; however, such gestures are not only noticeably different from the original action but, when they occur in a series, are different from each other. This paper presents an experiment with two separate analyses (one quantitative, one qualitative) testing the hypothesis that the immediate communicative function is a determinant of the symbolic form of the gesture. First, we manipulated whether the speaker was describing the previous action to an addressee who had done the same actions and therefore shared common ground or to one who had done different actions and therefore did not share common ground. The common ground gestures were judged to be significantly less complex, precise, or informative than the latter, a finding similar to the effects of common ground on words. In the qualitative analysis, we used the given versus new principle to analyze a series of gestures about the same actions by the same speaker. The speaker emphasized the new information in each gesture by making it larger, clearer, etc. When this information became given, a gesture for the same action became smaller or less precise, which is similar to findings for given versus new information in words. Thus the immediate communicative function (e.g., to convey information that is common ground or that is new) played a major role in determining the physical form of the gestures.
Dual-task and electrophysiological markers of executive cognitive processing in older adult gait and fall-risk

The role of cognition is becoming increasingly central to our understanding of the complexity of walking gait. In particular, higher-level executive functions are suggested to play a key role in gait and fall-risk, but the specific underlying neurocognitive processes remain unclear. Here, we report two experiments which investigated the cognitive and neural processes underlying older adult gait and falls. Experiment 1 employed a dual-task (DT) paradigm in young and older adults, to assess the relative effects of higher-level executive function tasks (n-Back, Serial Subtraction and visuo-spatial Clock task) in comparison to non-executive distracter tasks (motor response task and alphabet recitation) on gait. All DTs elicited changes in gait for both young and older adults, relative to baseline walking. Significantly greater DT costs were observed for the executive tasks in the older adult group. Experiment 2 compared normal walking gait, seated cognitive performances and concurrent event-related brain potentials (ERPs) in healthy young and older adults, to older adult fallers. No significant differences in cognitive performances were found between fallers and non-fallers. However, an initial late-positivity, considered a potential early P3a, was evident on the Stroop task for older non-fallers, which was notably absent in older fallers. We argue that executive control functions play a prominent role in walking and gait, but the use of neurocognitive processes as a predictor of fall-risk needs further investigation.
A Review and Critique of Van Maanen and Schein’s “Toward a Theory of Organizational Socialization” and Implications for Human Resource Development

As organizations struggle to meet the demands of a changing economy, they also struggle to maintain their core essences, or cultures, which have facilitated their successes to date. Over time, organizations must incorporate new members into this journey. It is this process of incorporation, or socialization, of new members into the organization that is the topic of this discussion. This article reviews the theory of organizational socialization as presented by Van Maanen and Schein in their 1979 article “Toward a Theory of Organizational Socialization, ” critiquing its stage of theoretical development using Robert Dubin’s eight-stage theory-building research methodology. The diverseness of thought on subsequent theoretical works and the fragmentation of subsequent empirical works that build on Van Maanen and Schein indicate that there is an immediate opportunity for the field of human resource development to refine this theory.
Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance Among Today's Bacterial Pathogens

Resistance of nosocomial and community‐acquired pathogens to antimicrobial agents is a serious problem with significant clinical consequences. Microbiologic surveillance data, such as those provided by the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System, supply information on current nosocomial pathogens in the United States. Many species show resistance to commonly used antimicrobials and, in many cases, it is emerging resistance. Resistance in many gram‐negative bacteria is caused by β‐lactamase production. Escherichia coli, the leading nosocomial pathogen, is capable of hyperproducing TEM‐1 β‐lactamase. A novel form of resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli is caused by extended‐spectrum cephalosporinases. Many Enterobacteriaceae can be induced to produce group 1 β‐lactamase by exposure to broad‐spectrum cephalosporins and other β‐lactams. Thirty percent of Haemophilus influenzae isolates are resistant to ampicillin because of β‐lactamase production. Issues of concern in gram‐positive species include multiple antimicrobial resistance in methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci, and coagulase‐negative staphylococci, and increasing β‐lactam resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. To minimize the development of resistance, antimicrobials must be administered judiciously, and infection‐control practices must be instituted and followed.
Progenitor Cells in Proximal Airway Epithelial Development and Regeneration

Multiple distinct epithelial domains are found throughout the airway that are distinguishable by location, structure, function, and cell‐type composition. Several progenitor cell populations in the proximal airway have been identified to reside in confined microenvironmental niches including the submucosal glands (SMGs), which are embedded in the tracheal connective tissue between the surface epithelium and cartilage, and basal cells that reside within the surface airway epithelium (SAE). Current research suggests that regulatory pathways that coordinate development of the proximal airway and establishment of progenitor cell niches may overlap with pathways that control progenitor cell responses during airway regeneration following injury. SMGs have been shown to harbor epithelial progenitor cells, and this niche is dysregulated in diseases such as cystic fibrosis. However, mechanisms that regulate progenitor cell proliferation and maintenance within this glandular niche are not completely understood. Here we discuss glandular progenitor cells during development and regeneration of the proximal airway and compare properties of glandular progenitors to those of basal cell progenitors in the SAE. Further investigation into glandular progenitor cell control will provide a direction for interrogating therapeutic interventions to correct aberrant conditions affecting the SMGs in diseases such as cystic fibrosis, chronic bronchitis, and asthma. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1637–1645, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Cross-Cultural Validation of Perceived Locus of Causality Scale in Physical Education Context

We examined the validity of the factor structure and invariance of the Perceived Locus of Causality (PLOC) scale instrument scores across two nations endorsing collectivist (Singapore) and individualist (Great Britain) cultural values. Results indicated that confirmatory factor analytic models of the PLOC exhibited adequate ft according to multiple criteria within each sample and across samples. There was invariance in the item-intercepts across the two cultures. In addition, the simplex-like pattern of relations among the PLOC constructs was confirmed within cultures and in invariance analyses. Finally, latent factor means analysis revealed that the British participants tended to rate less self-determined forms of motivation lower than and more self-determined forms of motivation higher than the Singaporean participants.
Cheaper Can Be Better: Cutting Costs and Improving Low Vision Aid Service

The traditional Low Vision Aid service using Hospital Eye Service Prescription forms is expensive and often associated with poor patient satisfaction as found in the studies by Mcllwaine, Bell and Dutton (1991) and by Humphrey and Thompson (1986). We audited this service in a district general hospital. Subsequently a more integrated "In House" Low Vision Aid clinic was established. The new service was re-audited to compare costs and also to look at patient satisfaction. The first audit composed a retrospective analysis of over two years of Hospital Eye Service Prescription forms (495 forms) which were traced through the optometrists/opticians and the Health Authority's finance department. In the second audit a retrospective analysis, of the records of 102 patients and a telephone survey were undertaken. In the first audit the average cost per patient receiving Low Vision Aids was £107.43; in the second this figure was £47.83 suggesting the integrated Low Vision Aid clinic is more cost-effective. We also obtained a patient satisfaction rate of 76%.
Can a Single Image Denoising Neural Network Handle All Levels of Gaussian Noise?

A recently introduced set of deep neural networks designed for the image denoising task achieves state-of-the-art performance. However, they are specialized networks in that each of them can handle just one noise level fixed in their respective training process. In this letter, by investigating the distribution invariance of the natural image patches with respect to linear transforms, we show how to make a single existing deep neural network work well across all levels of Gaussian noise, thereby allowing to significantly reduce the training time for a general-purpose neural network powered denoising algorithm.
Navigating the transcriptional roadmap regulating plant secondary cell wall deposition

The current status of lignocellulosic biomass as an invaluable resource in industry, agriculture, and health has spurred increased interest in understanding the transcriptional regulation of secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis. The last decade of research has revealed an extensive network of NAC, MYB and other families of transcription factors regulating Arabidopsis SCW biosynthesis, and numerous studies have explored SCW-related transcription factors in other dicots and monocots. Whilst the general structure of the Arabidopsis network has been a topic of several reviews, they have not comprehensively represented the detailed protein–DNA and protein–protein interactions described in the literature, and an understanding of network dynamics and functionality has not yet been achieved for SCW formation. Furthermore the methodologies employed in studies of SCW transcriptional regulation have not received much attention, especially in the case of non-model organisms. In this review, we have reconstructed the most exhaustive literature-based network representations to date of SCW transcriptional regulation in Arabidopsis. We include a manipulable Cytoscape representation of the Arabidopsis SCW transcriptional network to aid in future studies, along with a list of supporting literature for each documented interaction. Amongst other topics, we discuss the various components of the network, its evolutionary conservation in plants, putative modules and dynamic mechanisms that may influence network function, and the approaches that have been employed in network inference. Future research should aim to better understand network function and its response to dynamic perturbations, whilst the development and application of genome-wide approaches such as ChIP-seq and systems genetics are in progress for the study of SCW transcriptional regulation in non-model organisms.