Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
S1P1 inhibits sprouting angiogenesis during vascular development

Coordination between the vascular system and forming organs is essential for proper embryonic development. The vasculature expands by sprouting angiogenesis, during which tip cells form filopodia that incorporate into capillary loops. Although several molecules, such as vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa), are known to induce sprouting, the mechanism that terminates this process to ensure neovessel stability is still unknown. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) has been shown to mediate interaction between endothelial and mural cells during vascular maturation. In vitro studies have identified S1P1 as a pro-angiogenic factor. Here, we show that S1P1 acts as an endothelial cell (EC)-autonomous negative regulator of sprouting angiogenesis during vascular development. Severe aberrations in vessel size and excessive sprouting found in limbs of S1P1-null mouse embryos before vessel maturation imply a previously unknown, mural cell-independent role for S1P1 as an anti-angiogenic factor. A similar phenotype observed when S1P1 expression was blocked specifically in ECs indicates that the effect of S1P1 on sprouting is EC-autonomous. Comparable vascular abnormalities in S1p1 knockdown zebrafish embryos suggest cross-species evolutionary conservation of this mechanism. Finally, genetic interaction between S1P1 and Vegfa suggests that these factors interplay to regulate vascular development, as Vegfa promotes sprouting whereas S1P1 inhibits it to prevent excessive sprouting and fusion of neovessels. More broadly, because S1P, the ligand of S1P1, is blood-borne, our findings suggest a new mode of regulation of angiogenesis, whereby blood flow closes a negative feedback loop that inhibits sprouting angiogenesis once the vascular bed is established and functional.
Gender differences in information processing strategies: An empirical test of the selectivity

Abstract According to the “selectivity model,” females are comprehensive information processors who consider both subjective and objective product attributes, and respond to subtle cues. Conversely, males are selective information processors who tend to use heuristics processing and miss subtle cues. These predictions are tested in an experiment where males and females listened to either objective or subjective advertising claims for either a low-risk or moderate-risk product. The results generally supported the predictions of the selectivity model with the exception that males did not respond more favorably to the objective claims. Implications for advertising theory and research are discussed.
Parametric Imaging and Test–Retest Variability of 11C-(+)-PHNO Binding to D2/D3 Dopamine Receptors in Humans on the High-Resolution Research Tomograph PET Scanner

11C-(+)-4-propyl-9-hydroxynaphthoxazine (11C-(+)-PHNO) is an agonist radioligand for imaging dopamine D2 and D3 receptors in the human brain with PET. In this study we evaluated the reproducibility of 11C-(+)-PHNO binding parameters using a within-day design and assessed parametric imaging methods. Methods: Repeated studies were performed in 8 subjects, with simultaneous measurement of the arterial input function and plasma free fraction. Two 11C-(+)-PHNO scans for the same subject were separated by 5.4 ± 0.7 h. After compartment models were evaluated, 11C-(+)-PHNO volumes of distribution (VT) and binding potentials relative to the concentration of tracer in plasma (BPP), nondisplaceable tracer in tissue (BPND), and free tracer in tissue (BPF) were quantified using the multilinear analysis MA1 method, with the cerebellum as the reference region. Parametric images of BPND were also computed using the simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) and SRTM2. Results: The test–retest variability of 11C-(+)-PHNO BPND was 9% in D2-rich regions (caudate and putamen). Among D3-rich regions, variability was low in the pallidum (6%) but higher in substantia nigra (19%), thalamus (14%), and hypothalamus (21%). No significant mass carry-over effect was observed in D3-rich regions, although a trend in BPND was present in the substantia nigra (−14% ± 15%). Because of the relatively fast kinetics, low-noise BPND parametric images were obtained with both SRTM and SRTM2 without spatial smoothing. Conclusion: 11C-(+)-PHNO can be used to compute low-noise parametric images in both D2- and D3-rich regions in humans.
Effects of a carbohydrate and caffeine gel on intermittent sprint performance in recreationally trained males

Abstract We investigated the effects of ingesting carbohydrate gels with and without caffeine on a ~90-minute, four blocks intermittent sprint test (IST), in 12 recreationally trained male athletes. Using a cross-over design, one 70 ml dose of gel containing either 25 g of carbohydrate with (CHOCAF) or without (CHO) 100 mg of caffeine, or a non-caloric placebo (PL) was ingested on three occasions: one hour before, immediately prior to and during the IST. Blood glucose, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and fatigue index (FI) were analysed. Glucose showed significantly higher values for both CHOCAF and CHO at the first (p=0.005 and p=0.000, respectively), second (p=0.009 and 0.008, respectively) and third (p=0.003 and 0.001, respectively) blocks when compared with PL, while only CHOCAF was significantly different to PL (p=0.002) at the fourth block. CHOCAF showed an improved FI (mean 5.0, s =1.7) compared with CHO (mean 7.6, s =2.6; p=0.006) and PL (mean 7.4, s =2.4; p=0.005), a significantly lower RPE (mean 14.2, s =2) compared with PL (mean 15.3, s =2; p=0.003) and a trend in respect of CHO (mean 14.9, s =2.3; p=0.056) after the third block. In conclusion, ingesting CHOCAF one hour before, prior to and during an IST is effective at transiently reducing fatigue and RPE whilst maintaining higher glucose levels at the final stages of the exercise.
On the 1/H-flow by p-Laplace approximation: New estimates via fake distances under Ricci lower bounds

abstract:In this paper we show the existence of weak solutions $w:M\rightarrow\Bbb{R}$ of the inverse mean curvature flow starting from a relatively compact set (possibly, a point) on a large class of manifolds satisfying Ricci lower bounds. Under natural assumptions, we obtain sharp estimates for the growth of $w$ and for the mean curvature of its level sets, which are well behaved with respect to Gromov-Hausdorff convergence. The construction follows R. Moser's approximation procedure via the $p$-Laplace equation, and relies on new gradient and decay estimates for $p$-harmonic capacity potentials, notably for the kernel $\scr{G}_p$ of $\Delta_p$. These bounds, stable as $p\rightarrow 1$, are achieved by studying fake distances associated to capacity potentials and Green kernels. We conclude by investigating some basic isoperimetric properties of the level sets of $w$.
A Coding Theorem for Bipartite Unitaries in Distributed Quantum Computation

We analyze implementations of bipartite unitaries by means of local operations and classical communication (LOCC) assisted by shared entanglement. We employ concepts and techniques developed in the quantum Shannon theory to study an asymptotic scenario, in which two distant parties perform the same bipartite unitary on infinitely many pairs of inputs. We analyze minimum cost of entanglement and classical communication per copy. For two-round LOCC protocols, we derive a single-letter formula for the minimum cost of entanglement and classical communication, under an additional requirement that the error converges to zero faster than <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1/n^{4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the number of input pairs. The formula is given by the “Markovianizing cost” of a tripartite state associated with the unitary, which can be computed by a finite-step algorithm. We also derive a lower bound on the minimum cost of resources, which applies for protocols with arbitrary number of rounds.
A 16 Gb/s/Link, 64 GB/s Bidirectional Asymmetric Memory Interface

This paper describes a bidirectional, differential, 16 Gb/s per link memory interface that includes a Controller and an emulated DRAM physical interface (PHY) designed in 65 nm CMOS. To achieve high data rate, the interface employs the following technology ingredients: asymmetric equalization, asymmetric timing calibration, asymmetric link margining, inductor based (LC) PLLs, multi-phase error correction, and a data dependent regulator. At 16 Gb/s, this interface achieves a unit-interval to inverter FO4 ratio of 2.8 (Controller) and 1.4 (DRAM) and operates in a channel with 15 dB loss at Nyquist. Under such bandwidth limitations on and off chip, the Controller and DRAM PHYs consume 13 mW/Gb/s and 8 mW/Gb/s, respectively. Using PRBS 211-1, the link achieves a timing margin of 0.19 UI at a BER of 1e-12 for both read and write operations.
Heterogeneous Embedding for Subjective Artist Similarity

We describe an artist recommendation system which integrates several heterogeneous data sources to form a holistic similarity space. Using social, semantic, and acoustic features, we learn a low-dimensional feature transformation which is optimized to reproduce human-derived measurements of subjective similarity between artists. By producing low-dimensional representations of artists, our system is suitable for visualization and recommendation tasks.
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF AMINO ACIDS IN HUMAN BRAIN OBTAINED AT AUTOPSY

Abstract— Contents (μmol/g wet wt.) of 35 free amino acids and related compounds were measured in 12 different regions of each of five human brains. Specimens were obtained at autopsy from patients who died suddenly without previous brain disease. These data may serve for later comparison with contents of amino compounds in similar regions of the brains of patients dying with various neurological or psychiatric disorders.
Long-Term Adaptation and Distributed Detection of Local Network Changes

We present a statistical approach to distributed detection of local latency shifts in networked systems. For this purpose, response delay measurements are performed between neighbouring nodes via probing. The expected probe response delay on each connection is statistically modelled via parameter estimation. Adaptation to drifting delays is accounted for by the use of overlapping models, such that previous models are partially used as input to future models. Based on the symmetric Kullback-Leibler divergence metric, latency shifts can be detected by comparing the estimated parameters of the current and previous models. In order to reduce the number of detection alarms, thresholds for divergence and convergence are used. The method that we propose can be applied to many types of statistical distributions, and requires only constant memory compared to e.g., sliding window techniques and decay functions. Therefore, the method is applicable in various kinds of network equipment with limited capacity, such as sensor networks, mobile ad hoc networks etc. We have investigated the behaviour of the method for different model parameters. Further, we have tested the detection performance in network simulations, for both gradual and abrupt shifts in the probe response delay. The results indicate that over 90% of the shifts can be detected. Undetected shifts are mainly the effects of long convergence processes triggered by previous shifts. The overall performance depends on the characteristics of the shifts and the configuration of the model parameters.
Reproductive function in prepubertal lambs: ovulation, embryo development and ovarian steroidogenesis.

When 23 10-16 week-old Welsh Mountain lambs were treated with PMSG 19 ovulated, the number of eggs ovulated being directly correlated with the duration of progesterone pretreatment (0-5 +/- 0-29 (S.E.M.) after 3 days; 7-8 +/- 3-47 after 18 days). Injection of HCG at the time of the induced oestrus had no effect on ovulation. The eggs shed from immature ovaries became fertilized and developed normally when tested in the ligated rabbit oviduct for development to the morula stage and by transfer to adult ewes (1 live lamb). Luteal function in lambs with a single CL was similar to that in nonpregnant ewes; progesterone levels in entire lambs with multiple CL and in hysterectomized lambs remained elevated for at least 60 days. The capacity of ovarian follicles from PMSG-primed lambs to secrete oestrogen, testosterone and progesterone in vitro was similar to that of follicles from adult ewes. However, oestrogen production by lamb follicles immediately after explantation was higher than that of adult follicles and the administration of progesterone to lambs before PMSG treatment decreased subsequent follicular testosterone production.
Charge Transport and Electrical Properties of Spin Crossover Materials: Towards Nanoelectronic and Spintronic Devices

In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of research on electrical and charge transport properties of spin crossover complexes. This includes both the effect of spin-state switching on the dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity of the material and vice versa the influence of an applied electrical field (or current) on the spin-state of the system. The survey covers different size scales from bulk materials and thin films to nanoparticles and single molecules and embraces the presentation of several device prototypes and hybrid materials as well.
Hardy's non-locality and generalized non-local theory

Hardy's non-locality theorem for multiple two-level systems is explored in the context of generalized nonlocal theory. We find nonlocal but non-signaling probabilities, providing Hardy's nonlocal argument, which are higher than those in Quantum Mechanics. Maximum probability of success of Hardy's argument is obtained for three two-level systems in quantum as well as in a more generalized theory. Interestingly, the maximum in the nonlocal generalized theory for both the cases turns out to be same.
Completed suicide after a suicide attempt: a 37-year follow-up study.

OBJECTIVE Attempted suicide is the strongest known predictor of completed suicide. However, suicide risk declines over time after an attempt, and it is unclear how long the risk persists. Risk estimates are almost exclusively based on studies of less than 10 years of follow-up. METHOD The authors followed a cohort of 100 consecutive self-poisoned patients in Helsinki in 1963, for whom forensically classified causes of death during the following 37 years were investigated. RESULTS They found that suicides continued to accumulate almost four decades after the index suicide attempt. CONCLUSIONS A history of a suicide attempt by self-poisoning indicates suicide risk over the entire adult lifetime.
A Hacker's Perspective on Educating Future Security Experts

Information Systems Security experts should be able to confront new, unknown threats. Therefore, "out-of-the-box" thinking is a necessary skill which can not be taught using traditional educational methodologies. In order to introduce our students into the mentality of modern adversaries and cyber criminals we designed a course based on the well-established theoretical frameworks of Information Systems Security as well as the unconventional challenges which experienced hackers use for training newcomers. Moreover, we developed additional open source software tools which encourage the collaboration between students and confront plagiarism or cheating attempts during the exams. Our course in a Higher Education Institute has been enriched with the use of the Hackademic tool, a virtual framework that allows students to perform hacking attacks and penetration testing in a deliberately vulnerable, but isolated, safe and controlled environment.
Stroke risk stratification in atrial fibrillation: a review of common risk factors

ABSTRACT Atrial Fibrillation (AF) has become a major global health concern being the most common sustained arrhythmia in clinical practice. Risk factors for AF include congestive heart failure, hypertension, increasing age and diabetes. Many of these factors also increase the risk for thromboembolism and ischemic stroke in AF patients. Great efforts have been made from the latter part of the 20th century towards developing an ideal stroke risk stratification tool in AF with the aim of reducing the incidence of stroke in AF patients and the limiting unnecessary use of thromboprophylaxis. The thromboembolic risks posed by AF with valvular heart disease are an important subgroup that contributes to a significant proportion of stroke in AF patients globally. We review the evolution of stroke risk stratification and summarize the guidelines for stroke prevention in non-valvular AF as well as AF with valvular heart disease, and the most recent recommendations on stroke prevention in AF patients. Abbreviations: AF: Atrial Fibrillation; ACS: Acute Coronary Syndrome; CAD: Coronary Artery Disease; CCF: Congestive Cardiac Failure; DM: Diabetes Mellitus; EHRA: Evaluated Heartvalves, Rheumatic or Artificial; ICH: Intracranial Hemorrhage; NOACs: Novel Oral Anticoagulants; OAC: Oral Anticoagulants; PAD: Peripheral Arterial Disease ; TIA: Transient Ischemic Attack; VHD: Valvular Heart Disease.
Experimental detection of terahertz radiation in bundles of single wall carbon nanotubes

We present new data extending our previous paper at the ISSTT2006 on microwave detection in carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In particular, we derive a circuit model based on ANA measurements. We also demonstrate the first terahertz detection (up to 2.54 THz) in bundles of CNTs that were deposited through dielectrophoresis across the smallest gap in log-periodic antennas. Data are given that support the hypothesis that the detection process is bolometric at THz frequencies. Future extensions are planned that will employ suspended CNTs and explore heterodyne detection. Finally, we have performed unique ab initio simulations with the aim of comparing these with the experimental data.
A comprehensive benchmark of local binary pattern algorithms for texture retrieval

Image retrieval is a well researched area and often based on integrating various kinds of image features. Apart from colour features, texture features are deemed crucial for successful image retrieval. Local binary pattern (LBP) based texture algorithms have gained significant popularity in recent years and have been shown to be useful for a variety of tasks. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive benchmark of LBP based methods for texture retrieval. In particular, a comparison of 16 LBP variants leading to 38 different texture descriptors, are evaluated on a large dataset of more than 6000 texture images. Interestingly, conventional LBP features are shown to work best, while almost all LBP methods are shown to significantly outperform other texture methods including Tamura, co-occurrence and Gabor features.
A systematic review of the effectiveness of physical activity interventions in adults with breast cancer by physical activity type and mode of participation

Engaging in physical activity following a diagnosis in breast cancer patients improves both survival rates and psychosocial health outcomes. The factors influencing the effectiveness of physical activity interventions for breast cancer patients remain unclear. This systematic review focuses on two questions: are there differences in outcomes depending on; the mode of physical activity undertaken; and whether group‐based, or individual, programmes are proposed.
A Search for Environmental Effects on Type Ia Supernovae

We use integrated colors and B and V absolute magnitudes of Type Ia supernova (SN) host galaxies in order to search for environmental effects on the SN optical properties. With the new sample of 44 SNe we confirm the conclusion by Hamuy et al. that bright events occur preferentially in young stellar environments. We find also that the brightest SNe occur in the least luminous galaxies, a possible indication that metal-poor neighborhoods produce the more luminous events. The interpretation of these results is made difficult, however, because of the fact that galaxies with younger stellar populations are also lower in luminosity. In an attempt to remove this ambiguity, we use models for the line strengths in the absorption spectrum of five early-type galaxies, in order to estimate metallicities and ages of the SN host galaxies. With the addition of abundance estimates from nebular analysis of the emission spectra of three spiral galaxies, we find possible further evidence that luminous SNe are produced in metal-poor neighborhoods. Further spectroscopic observations of the SN host galaxies will be necessary to test these results and assist in disentangling the age and metallicity effects on Type Ia SNe.
Support for situation awareness in command and control

To support the work by military commanders and staffs, this paper presents a classification of different support tools, including Command Support, Decision Support, Multi-Sensor Fusion, and Information Fusion. Together, these tools would facilitate shared Situation Awareness, including knowledge of friendly as well as hostile, forces on different levels of abstraction. Externalizing the situation awareness, a Common Situation Model enables the integration of these support tools but also the collaboration between individuals. The main emphasis is thus on the ontology of this model, representing the language by which the situation may be described. Consequently, a UML Class Diagram is proposed that expresses a conceptual model of the Command and Control domain. This model is generic since it could be adapted to different situations.
Airborne particulates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient air in Donghe, Northern China

Five sets of size-fractionated particles were collected in a northern China village in various seasons in order to measure respirable airborne particulates (PM10) and particulate phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient air. The time-weighted annual mean concentration and standard deviation of PM10 were 358 ± 107 μ g/m3, higher than both the national standard (100 μ g/m3) and the levels observed in several contaminated northern Chinese cities. In addition to high levels of PAHs (391 ± 487 ng/m3), the fraction of higher molecular weight PAHs was higher than most reported in the literature, and the time-weighted annual mean benzo(a)pyrene equivalent concentration was 44.2 ± 51.4 ng/m3, more than four times the national standard of 10 ng/m3 and 44 times the WHO guideline of 1 ng/m3. Apparently, residents in Donghe suffer from exposure to high levels of both PM10 and particulate phase PAHs. The particle size distribution was centered in the range of Dp ≤ 3.3 μm in winter and shifted to the ranges of Dp ≤ 2.1 μm and 5.8 μ m < Dp < 10 μm in spring and summer respectively. Approximately 90.0% of PAHs were associated with airborne particulates with Dp ≤ 2.1 μ m.
Enhanced Recognition and Neutralization of HIV-1 by Antibody-Derived CCR5-Mimetic Peptide Variants

ABSTRACT A tyrosine-sulfated CCR5-mimetic peptide, CCR5mim1, inhibits HIV-1 infection more efficiently than sulfopeptides based on the CCR5 amino terminus. Here we characterized sulfopeptide chimeras of CCR5mim1 and the heavy-chain CDR3 of the antibody PG16. Two chimeras bound a range of envelope glycoproteins and neutralized HIV-1 more efficiently than CCR5mim1. An immunoadhesin form of one of these, CCR5mim2-Ig, synergized with CD4-Ig to neutralize HIV-1. These sulfopeptides are among the broadest and most potent CCR5-mimetic peptides described to date.