Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in activities of daily living during treatment of late‐life depression *

Background: Patients with late‐life depression often exhibit cognitive deficits or disability. The relationship between late‐life depression and disability is an area of significance for geriatric psychiatry. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between changes in the severity of depression and activities of daily living (ADL) during treatment of late‐life depression.
Perceived Causes of Marriage Breakdown and Conditions of Life

A large number of structural and attitudinal variables have been regularly found to be associated with marital dissolution. Fourteen such variables were located and related to the causes of breakdown as perceived by 335 divorced and separated men and women. Five perceived causes were associated with perceptions of the marriage as beginning to break down at particular time periods, but not with duration of marriage. Sex of respondent, SES, respondent's and spouse's religion, age at marriage, marital status (divorced or separated), parity of marriage, parental approval, stability of parents' and in-laws' marriages, length of premarital acquaintance, marriage duration and number of children, and standard of living since separation all were associated with one or more of the reasons given by respondents for the marriage breakdown. An exploratory factor analysis gave a 7-factor solution supporting the notion that different types of marriage breakdown can be described.
The professional journal as a signal of movement to occupational ascendancy and as legitimation of a professional project: the early history of The Accountant's Magazine 1897–1951

This article chronicles the early history of The Accountant's Magazine and provides explanations of its role within the professional project of the first generations of Scottish chartered accountants. The journal appeared in 1897 as part of a federal structure constructed to promote a unified image of chartered accountancy in Scotland in response to challenges to its occupational ascendancy. Between 1897 and 1951, the journal was managed and edited on a part-time basis by practitioners and required continuous financial support from its three sponsoring professional bodies. Also during this period, its content portrayed public accountancy as a profession of diverse skills and marketable services. However, the journal's subscription membership included only a small minority of members of the three sponsoring bodies. The article argues that the early history of TAM is consistent with sociological explanations of the professional project. At the time of its creation, it was a signal of movement to occupational ascendancy. Subsequently, it became part of a more general process to establish the legitimacy of the professional project of Scottish chartered accountants within the wider business community. In the absence of prior sociological theory to explain the role of the journal in the professional project, the article also provides several propositions to construct such a theory.
INFLAMMATION AND INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE Short chain fatty acids stimulate epithelial mucin 2 expression through differential effects on prostaglandin E 1 and E 2 production by intestinal myofibroblasts

Background: The mucus layer protects the gastrointestinal mucosa from mechanical, chemical, and microbial challenge. Mucin 2 (MUC-2) is the most prominent mucin secreted by intestinal epithelial cells. There is accumulating evidence that subepithelial myofibroblasts regulate intestinal epithelial cell function and are an important source of prostaglandins (PG). PG enhance mucin secretion and are key players in mucoprotection. The role of bacterial fermentation products in these processes deserves further attention. Aims: We therefore determined whether the effect of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) on MUC-2 expression involves intermediate PG production. Methods: Both monoand cocultures of epithelial cells and myofibroblasts were used to study the effects of SCFA on MUC-2 expression and PG synthesis. Cell culture supernatants were used to determine the role of myofibroblast derived prostaglandins in increasing MUC-2 expression in epithelial cells. Results: Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was found to be far more potent than PGE2 in stimulating MUC-2 expression. SCFA supported a mucoprotective PG profile, reflected by an increased PGE1/PGE2 ratio in myofibroblast supernatants and increased MUC-2 expression in monoand cocultures. Incubation with indomethacin revealed the latter to be mediated by PG. Conclusions: SCFA can differentially regulate PG production, thus stimulating MUC-2 expression in intestinal epithelial cells. This mechanism involving functional interaction between myofibroblasts and epithelial cells may play an important role in the mucoprotective effect of bacterial fermentation products.
The Modalities of Nonadherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and the Associated Factors Related to Patients’ Sociodemographic Characteristics and Their Caregiving Perceptions in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

Background: The authors studied the modalities of nonadherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and its sociodemographic associated factors and those in relation to caregiving perception in Ouagadougou. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed from December 2013 to February 2014 in 2 health centers. Adults receiving HAART for at least 3 months were included. Adherence was studied according to the quantitative, qualitative, and global criteria. Factors associated with nonadherence were analyzed with chi-square and Fisher tests. A logistic regression model was applied for multivariate analysis. Results: The authors studied 152 patients: mean age 40.7 ± 7.8 years and sex ratio 0.34. Frequencies were 7.2% for self-reported quantitative, 20.4% for calculated quantitative, 31.6% for qualitative, and 38.2% for global nonadherence. Married status (P = .02), patient’s dissatisfaction regarding clinical monitoring (P = .01), and therapeutic education (P = .03) were associated with nonadherence. In multivariate analysis, married status remains associated (odds ratio = 7.00, 95% confidence interval = 1.89-25.8, P = .0004). Conclusion: Nonadherence to HAART needs to be correctly managed during HIV/AIDS monitoring.
Silicic acid leakage from the Southern Ocean: A possible explanation for glacial atmospheric pCO2

Using a simple box model, we investigate the effects of a reduced Si:N uptake ratio by Antarctic phytoplankton on the marine silica cycle and atmospheric pCO2. Recent incubation experiments demonstrate such a phenomenon in diatoms when iron is added [ Hutchins and Bruland, 1998 ; Takeda, 1998 ; Franck et al., 2000 ]. The Southern Ocean may have supported diatoms with reduced Si:N uptake ratios compared to today during the dustier glacial times [ Petit et al., 1999 ]. A similar reduction in the uptake ratio may be realized with an increased production of nondiatom phytoplankton such as Phaeocystis. Our model shows that reduced Si:N export ratios in the Southern Ocean create excess silicic acid, which may then be leaked out to lower latitudes. Any significant consumption of the excess silicic acid by diatoms that leads to an enhancement in their growth at the expense of coccolithophorids diminishes CaCO3 production and therefore diminishes the carbonate pump. In our box model the combination of a reduced carbonate pump and an open system carbonate compensation draw down steady state atmospheric CO2 from the interglacial 277 to 230–242 ppm, depending on where the excess silicic acid is consumed. By comparison, the atmospheric pCO2 sensitivity of general circulation models to carbonate pump forcing is ∼3.5–fold greater, which, combined with carbonate compensation, can account for peak glacial atmospheric pCO2. We discuss the importance of the initial rain ratio of CaCO3 to organic carbon on atmospheric pCO2 and relevant sedimentary records that support and constrain this “silicic acid leakage” scenario.
Deixis as an interactive feature in literary translations from Romanian into English

This study aims to investigate the use of deixis in a corpus of translations from twentieth century Romanian literature (novels and short stories) into English. Viewing deixis as an interactive feature of texts, it endeavours to find whether there are significant differences between source texts and translations, and to see how systematic shifts as well as single occurrences can contribute to the shaping of a translated text which positions the reader in a different way from the source texts. It also explores ways in which the translators position themselves with respect to the text. The study finds that the main tendency is one of distancing, whereby proximals tend to become distals, with the effect that readers will be presented with a translation which elicits less involvement on their part than the original text did in its context.
Dielectrophoresis Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as pH Sensors

Here we report the fabrication and characterization of pH sensors using aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The SWNTs are dispersed in deionized (DI) water after chemical functionalization and filtration. They are deposited and organized on silicon substrates with the dielectrophoresis process. Electrodes with “teeth”-like patterns—fabricated with photolithography and wet etching—are used to generate concentrated electric fields and strong dielectrophoretic forces for the SWNTs to deposit and align in desired locations. The device fabrication is inexpensive, solution-based, and conducted at room temperature. The devices are used as pH sensors with the electrodes as the testing pads and the dielectrophoretically captured SWNTs as the sensing elements. When exposed to aqueous solutions with various pH values, the SWNTs change their resistance accordingly. The SWNT-based sensors demonstrate a linear relationship between the sensor resistance and the pH values in the range of 5–9. The characterization of multiple sensors proves that their pH sensitivity is highly repeatable. The real-time data acquisition shows that the sensor response time depends on the pH value, ranging from 2.26 s for the pH-5 solution to 23.82 s for the pH-9 solution. The long-term stability tests illustrate that the sensors can maintain their original sensitivity for a long period of time. The simple fabrication process, high sensitivity, and fast response of the SWNT-based sensors facilitate their applications in a wide range of areas.
USING INTERNET-BASED SURVEYS FOR ACADEMIC RESEARCH: OPPORTUNITIES AND PROBLEMS

This paper presents a preliminary investigation of the use of Internet-Base d Surveys, also called E-Surveys, as tools for academic research. A brief review of existing literature is included. An introductory analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of this method of data collection are discussed, and details of an InternetBased Survey, which investigated and evaluated current involvement in e-commerce, are given. Company managers’ attitudes, fears, and associations about engagement in e-commerce were measured in this survey, the main purpose of which was to provide the authors with practical experience in Web-based data collection. Furthermore, the preliminary results and experiences from the test phase of the survey are presented. This paper ends with suggestions for future research in the field of Internet-Based Survey methodology.
Stability and Stabilization of Fractional-Order Linear Systems Subject to Input Saturation

In this technical note, we provide a method for the asymptotic stabilization of fractional-order linear systems subject to input saturation. Gronwall-Bellman lemma and sector bounded condition of the saturation function are exploited for stability analysis and stabilization of such systems. Based on the proposed stability condition, we provide a bilinear matrix inequality for stability test and an algorithm for estimation of the stable region. Further, we provide an algorithm for state-feedback controller design that maximizes the estimated stable region.
Male Sexuality and Couple Sexual Health: A Case Illustration

Male sexual problems are common and offer exceptional opportunities for clinicians to not only relieve distress but enhance individual and relationship satisfaction. However, limited clinical focus on sex behaviors alone often overlook this opportunity. With more comprehensive approaches, clinicians are able to both facilitate improved sexual function and to promote positive, realistic principles for healthy and satisfying male and couple sexuality. Approaches such as the Good-Enough Sex model provide clinicians with crucial elements to resolve common male sexual problems and promote sexual health and couple satisfaction. This article summarizes realistic features for men's (and women's) sexual health including promoting the positive value of sex, promoting realistic expectations, supporting pleasure as well as physical function, promoting sexual flexibility by integrating 5 basic purposes for being sexual and 3 arousal styles, appreciating the variable quality of sex, building relationship cooperation as an “intimate team,” and integrating sex into one's real life. Such features promoting healthy, satisfying sexuality are illustrated with a case example.
Hands-on Activities, Interactive Multimedia and Improved Team Dynamics for Enhancing Mechanical Engineering Curricula*

The focus in engineering education is moving from an emphasis on theory to a balance between concrete experiences and analysis. This paper reports on such initiatives made to the Mechanical Engineering curricula at the US Air Force Academy and at the University of Texas, Austin. In particular, these two institutions have been collaborating for the last four years to improve ME courses through new initiatives in three areas: 1) use of hands-on activities, 2) incorporation of interactive multimedia, and 3) new tools to improve team dynamics. The development, implementation and assessment for this project are described below, along with extensive references describing the details of each individual improvement. For example, we have quantitatively measured significant improvements in team performance for our design courses. We have also seen dramatic increases in student interest level in the machine design courses. Based on these results, specific suggestions on how these educational enhancements might be implemented at other institutions are given.
Synthesis and Characterization of AgAg 2 O / TiO 2 @ polypyrrole Heterojunction for Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue

Hybrid multi-functional nanomaterials comprising two or more disparate materials have become a powerful approach to obtain advanced materials for environmental remediation applications. In this work, an Ag-Ag2O/TiO2@polypyrrole (Ag/TiO2@PPy) heterojunction has been synthesized by assembling a self-stabilized Ag-Ag2O (p type) semiconductor (denoted as Ag) and polypyrrole (π-conjugated polymer) on the surface of rutile TiO2 (n type). Ag/TiO2@PPy was synthesized through simultaneous oxidation of pyrrole monomers and reduction of AgNO3 in an aqueous solution containing well-dispersed TiO2 particles. Thus synthesized Ag/TiO2@PPy was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DSR). The photocatalytic activity of synthesized heterojunction was investigated for the decomposition of methylene blue (MB) dye under UV and visible light irradiation. The results revealed that π-conjugated p-n heterojunction formed in the case of Ag/TiO2@PPy significantly enhanced the photodecomposition of MB compared to the p-n type Ag/TiO2 and TiO2@PPy (n-π) heterojunctions. A synergistic effect between Ag-Ag2O and PPy leads to higher photostability and a better electron/hole separation leads to an enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ag/TiO2@PPy under both UV and visible light irradiations.
High-Resolution Mapping of a Genetic Locus Regulating Preferential Carbohydrate Intake, Total Kilocalories, and Food Volume on Mouse Chromosome 17

The specific genes regulating the quantitative variation in macronutrient preference and food intake are virtually unknown. We fine mapped a previously identified mouse chromosome 17 region harboring quantitative trait loci (QTL) with large effects on preferential macronutrient intake-carbohydrate (Mnic1), total kilcalories (Kcal2), and total food volume (Tfv1) using interval-specific strains. These loci were isolated in the [C57BL/6J.CAST/EiJ-17.1-(D17Mit19-D17Mit50); B6.CAST-17.1] strain, possessing a ∼40.1 Mb region of CAST DNA on the B6 genome. In a macronutrient selection paradigm, the B6.CAST-17.1 subcongenic mice eat 30% more calories from the carbohydrate-rich diet, ∼10% more total calories, and ∼9% more total food volume per body weight. In the current study, a cross between carbohydrate-preferring B6.CAST-17.1 and fat-preferring, inbred B6 mice was used to generate a subcongenic-derived F2 mapping population; genotypes were determined using a high-density, custom SNP panel. Genetic linkage analysis substantially reduced the 95% confidence interval for Mnic1 (encompassing Kcal2 and Tfv1) from 40.1 to 29.5 Mb and more precisely established its boundaries. Notably, no genetic linkage for self-selected fat intake was detected, underscoring the carbohydrate-specific effect of this locus. A second key finding was the separation of two energy balance QTLs: Mnic1/Kcal2/Tfv1 for food intake and a newly discovered locus regulating short term body weight gain. The Mnic1/Kcal2/Tfv1 QTL was further de-limited to 19.0 Mb, based on the absence of nutrient intake phenotypes in subcongenic HQ17IIa mice. Analyses of available sequence data and gene ontologies, along with comprehensive expression profiling in the hypothalamus of non-recombinant, cast/cast and b6/b6 F2 controls, focused our attention on candidates within the QTL interval. Zfp811, Zfp870, and Btnl6 showed differential expression and also contain stop codons, but have no known biology related to food intake regulation. The genes Decr2, Ppard and Agapt1 are more appealing candidates because of their involvement in lipid metabolism and down-regulation in carbohydrate-preferring animals.
Lending a hand to signed language acquisition: Enactment and iconicity enhance sign recall in hearing adult American Sign Language learners

For hearing adults, signed language processing increases the salience of iconicity and motor system involvement relative to spoken language processing. Nevertheless, it is unclear how embodied action, mental imagery and iconicity influence their acquisition of signed language. The current study examines the impact of these factors on sign acquisition by manipulating how signs are learned, as well as their semantic and phonological relatedness. The results of Experiment 1 demonstrated that American Sign Language (ASL) signs are learned more effectively via enactment than via referent visualisation and meaningless hand motion, and that iconic signs are learned more effectively than other types of signs. The results of Experiment 2 demonstrate that, when learned via enactment, semantically related ASL signs are recalled more accurately than phonologically related ASL signs. These results indicate that hearing adults' sign language acquisition can be enhanced via a learning method that combines mental imagery and meaningful embodied action (i.e., enactment), strengthening connections between the forms of signs and their referents.
Recession and job satisfaction of Indian information technology professionals

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to replicate the dispositional source of job satisfaction (JS) in a different cultural setting on the backdrop of the recession of 2008‐2009 and to investigate the specific subjective job‐related aspects that influenced Indian IT professionals' overall evaluation of JS.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 221 IT employees. Pearson's correlation, partial correlation and stepwise regression analyses were used to test hypotheses.Findings – Apart from confirming the dispositional source of JS, satisfaction with nature of work, as well as relations with one's supervisor, emerged as the most important situational contributors over and above that of personality factors during recession in the Indian IT sector.Practical implications – As the personality factors of Neuroticism, Extraversion and Agreeableness showed a key role in JS of Indian software employees in adverse conditions, selection and recruitment of IT personnel should lay emphasis on these facto.
Semisimple Quantum Cohomology and Blow-ups

Using results of Gathmann, we prove the following theorem: If a smooth projective variety X has generically semisimple (p,p)-quantum cohomology, then the same is true for the blow-up of X at any number of points. This a successful test for a modified version of Dubrovin's conjecture from the ICM 1998.
Reconstructing the Migratory Behavior and Long-Term Survivorship of Juvenile Chinook Salmon under Contrasting Hydrologic Regimes

The loss of genetic and life history diversity has been documented across many taxonomic groups, and is considered a leading cause of increased extinction risk. Juvenile salmon leave their natal rivers at different sizes, ages and times of the year, and it is thought that this life history variation contributes to their population sustainability, and is thus central to many recovery efforts. However, in order to preserve and restore diversity in life history traits, it is necessary to first understand how environmental factors affect their expression and success. We used otolith 87Sr/86Sr in adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytcha) returning to the Stanislaus River in the California Central Valley (USA) to reconstruct the sizes at which they outmigrated as juveniles in a wetter (2000) and drier (2003) year. We compared rotary screw trap-derived estimates of outmigrant timing, abundance and size with those reconstructed in the adults from the same cohort. This allowed us to estimate the relative survival and contribution of migratory phenotypes (fry, parr, smolts) to the adult spawning population under different flow regimes. Juvenile abundance and outmigration behavior varied with hydroclimatic regime, while downstream survival appeared to be driven by size- and time-selective mortality. Although fry survival is generally assumed to be negligible in this system, >20% of the adult spawners from outmigration year 2000 had outmigrated as fry. In both years, all three phenotypes contributed to the spawning population, however their relative proportions differed, reflecting greater fry contributions in the wetter year (23% vs. 10%) and greater smolt contributions in the drier year (13% vs. 44%). These data demonstrate that the expression and success of migratory phenotypes vary with hydrologic regime, emphasizing the importance of maintaining diversity in a changing climate.
Geography games and simulations: learning through experience

Abstract Simulation is becoming increasingly popular in teaching in higher education. Dissatisfaction with traditional teaching techniques such as the lecture, the need to understand processes and to teach problem‐solving skills are some of the reasons for this. The roots of simulation are in war‐gaming, in management and business studies, and in psychologists’ approaches to ‘experiential learning’. Simulation in geography developed in the late 1960s. The example of the Caribbean Fishing Game is used to demonstrate flexibility of gaming. Three styles of simulation are outlined: role‐play, operational games and individual exercises. To be most effective, simulations need to be carefully prepared and properly integrated into the course. Simulation's open‐endedness makes evaluation difficult.