Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Yoga in Germany - Results of a Nationally Representative Survey].

BACKGROUND Yoga is increasingly used as a therapeutic and preventive method worldwide. The aim of this nationally representative survey was to assess prevalence and patterns of yoga practice in Germany. METHODS Between August and September 2014, a nationally representative sample of 2,041 individuals of at least 14 years of age was interviewed regarding actual and prior yoga practice. Differences between socioeconomic subgroups were analyzed using chi-squared tests. RESULTS Lifetime prevalence of yoga practice was 15.1%, point prevalence 3.3%. Higher prevalence was associated with female gender (p < 0.001), higher education (p < 0.001), employment (p = 0.047), and living in a major city (p < 0.001). Mean duration of yoga practice was 48.2 months; 61.7% practiced at least once weekly. The main reasons for yoga practice were improved physical (62.8%) and mental well-being (56.9%) as well as physical (54.4%) and mental capacity (50.0%). Positive changes due to yoga were reported by 89.7% of practitioners, mainly increased inner balance (58.8%). Another 16.1% of those who were not currently practicing could imagine practicing yoga in the next 12 months. CONCLUSION An estimated 15.7 million Germans are currently practicing yoga or are at least interested in starting to practice, most commonly women, metropolitans, and those with a higher education as well as employed persons. Almost 90% practitioners report positive changes due to their yoga practice.
BRAF(V600) Inhibitor GSK2118436 Targeted Inhibition of Mutant BRAF in Cancer Patients Does Not Impair Overall Immune Competency

Purpose: An intact immune system likely contributes to the outcome of treatment and may be important for clearance of drug-resistant tumor cells and for prevention of recurrence. Although pharmacologic inhibition of BRAF(V600E) in melanoma patients, which is linked to immune suppression, results in an initial response rate, these responses are typically of limited duration. Combining immunotherapeutic drugs with kinase-targeted agents is an attractive strategy to increase clinical efficacy. Evidence suggesting that mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation in tumor cells contributes to immune suppression suggests that the two approaches may be synergistic, provided that BRAF(V600E) inhibitors are nontoxic to immune cells. Methods: To assess effects of mutant BRAF inhibition on systemic immunity, we studied 13 patients with tumors carrying a BRAF mutation who underwent treatment with GSK2118436, a V600 mutant BRAF-specific inhibitor. We carried out peripheral blood immunomonitoring before and following one or two 28-day cycles of treatment. Results: GSK2118436 treatment had no detectable impact on most immune parameters tested, including serum cytokine levels, peripheral blood cell counts, leukocyte subset frequencies, and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell recall responses. A slight increase in serum TNF-α over the course of treatment was observed. In addition, three of the four human leukocyte antigen-A2–positive patients experienced a modest increase in circulating tumor antigen–specific CD8+ T cells following BRAF(V600) inhibitor therapy. Conclusions: GSK2118436 treatment results in no detectable negative impact on existing systemic immunity or the de novo generation of tumor-specific T cells. These findings suggest that future trials combining specific BRAF(V600E) inhibition with immunotherapy should not impair immune response. Clin Cancer Res; 18(8); 2326–35. ©2012 AACR.
Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases Viral Hepatitis a to E in South Mediterranean

Viral hepatitis represents an important health problem in the South Mediterranean countries, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. Emerging natural history and epidemiological information reveal differences in the overall epidemiology, risk factors and modes of transmission of viral hepatitis A, B, C, D, E infections in the South Mediterranean region. The differences in the in incidence and prevalence of viral hepatit African countries is attributed to variations in health care and sanitation standards, risk factors and immunization strategies. The active continuous population movement through travel, tourism and migration from and to the South Mediterra the spread of infections due to hepatitis viruses across borders leading to outbreaks and emergence of new patterns of infection or introduction of uncommon genotypes in other countries, particularly in Europe. Introduction: In There are some similarities but also there substantial di€erences between South Mediterranean countries. The epidemiology of viral hepatitis in south Mediterranean countries is dynamic and affected by many factors including hygiene, socioeconomic status and vaccination coverage. For example, hepatitis B (HBV) hepatitis C (HCV) viruses 3 have a high tendency to persist and establish chronic hepatitis with long term sequels. HBV-and HCV-related chronic hepatitis is considered the main cause of cirrh hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver transplantation in the region 2,3. While HCV related liver disease represents a huge health and economic
Inactivation of Caliciviruses

The Caliciviridae family of viruses contains clinically important human and animal pathogens, as well as vesivirus 2117, a known contaminant of biopharmaceutical manufacturing processes employing Chinese hamster cells. An extensive literature exists for inactivation of various animal caliciviruses, especially feline calicivirus and murine norovirus. The caliciviruses are susceptible to wet heat inactivation at temperatures in excess of 60 °C with contact times of 30 min or greater, to UV-C inactivation at fluence ≥30 mJ/cm2, to high pressure processing >200 MPa for >5 min at 4 °C, and to certain photodynamic inactivation approaches. The enteric caliciviruses (e.g.; noroviruses) display resistance to inactivation by low pH, while the non-enteric species (e.g.; feline calicivirus) are much more susceptible. The caliciviruses are inactivated by a variety of chemicals, including alcohols, oxidizing agents, aldehydes, and β-propiolactone. As with inactivation of viruses in general, inactivation of caliciviruses by the various approaches may be matrix-, temperature-, and/or contact time-dependent. The susceptibilities of the caliciviruses to the various physical and chemical inactivation approaches are generally similar to those displayed by other small, non-enveloped viruses, with the exception that the parvoviruses and circoviruses may require higher temperatures for inactivation, while these families appear to be more susceptible to UV-C inactivation than are the caliciviruses.
From opposition to transcendence: the language practices and ideologies of students in a multilingual university

This article explores language ideologies and language uses in a multilingual university in Hong Kong by exploring the voices and experiences of both mainland Chinese and Hong Kong students. Drawing on the notions of language ideologies, separate multilingualism, and translanguaging, the research illustrates how students' linguistic ideologies are shaped by multilingual encounters in the educational setting and index broader institutional and ideological frameworks and examines the identity positions they construct and present and the social spaces they jointly establish. It also demonstrates that the multilingual university context provides students a site to establish a translanguaging space with hybrid language use in which linguistic resources are employed to perform a range of subject positions and to play a number of roles.
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Mental Accounting and Small Windfalls: Evidence from an Online Grocer

JEL classification: D03 D12 M31 Keywords: Mental accounting Windfalls Marginal propensity to consume Coupons a b s t r a c t We study the effect of small windfalls on consumer spending decisions by comparing the purchases online grocery customers make when redeeming $10-off coupons with the purchases they make without coupons. Controlling for customer fixed effects and other variables , we find that grocery spending increases by $1.59 when a $10-off coupon is redeemed. The extra spending associated with coupon redemption is focused on groceries that a customer does not typically buy. These results are consistent with the theory of mental accounting but are not consistent with the standard permanent income or lifecycle theory of consumption. While the hypotheses we test are motivated by mental accounting, we also discuss some alternative psychological explanations for our findings.
Characterization of Female Protagonists in Video Games: A Focus on Lara Croft

Abstract The purpose of this paper is primarily to examine the characteristics of female protagonists in video games and to study the process through which they attain the identities of heroes. Over the 17 years of perpetual and repeated incarnation in the Tomb Raider series, Lara Croft serves as both a leading model and a mythical signifier for female protagonists. Therefore, we seek to identify the gender consciousness that underlies female characterization in video games, with a particular focus on Lara Croft. As a popular narrative medium, video games feature female heroes to represent gender values of the time. The synchronic and diachronic analysis of Croft's features as a character and identity as a female hero leads us to the conclusion that female protagonists merely serve as the subject of desire, recreated to satisfy sadomasochistic male fantasies. They fulfill men's sadistic desires through their glamorous physique and masochist desires, as reflected by their behavior. Through a process of denial regarding femininity, common representations as the mother, and the re-codifying of patriarchal values solely in favor of the patriarch, female protagonists faced the confusion of dual identity, wherein they would equate themselves with male heroes, while simultaneously identifying themselves as damsels-in-distress. To summarize, video games exclusively allow the existence of heroes, while a true heroine has yet to emerge. Female characters are limited by their adherence to patriarchal conventions even in the virtual world, which is like a mirror world and an alternative world at the same time.
Characterizations of Full Stability in Constrained Optimization

This paper is mainly devoted to the study of the so-called full Lipschitzian stability of local solutions to finite-dimensional parameterized problems of constrained optimization, which has been well recognized as a very important property from the viewpoints of both optimization theory and its applications. Based on second-order generalized differential tools of variational anal- ysis, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for fully stable local minimizers in general classes of constrained optimization problems, including problems of composite optimization, mathemati- cal programs with polyhedral constraints, as well as problems of extended and classical nonlinear programming with twice continuously differentiable data.
Permissive dynamic information flow analysis

A key challenge in dynamic information flow analysis is handling implicit flows, where code conditional on a private variable updates a public variable x. The naive approach of upgrading x to private results in x being partially leaked, where its value contains private data but its label might remain public on an alternative execution (where the conditional update was not performed). Prior work proposed the no-sensitive-upgrade check, which handles implicit flows by prohibiting partially leaked data, but attempts to update a public variable from a private context causes execution to get stuck. To overcome this limitation, we develop a sound yet flexible permissive-upgrade strategy. To prevent information leaks, partially leaked data is permitted but carefully tracked to ensure that it is never totally leaked. This permissive-upgrade strategy is more flexible than the prior approaches such as the no-sensitive-upgrade check. Under the permissive-upgrade strategy, partially leaked data must be marked as private before being used in a conditional test, thereby ensuring that it is private for both the current execution as well as alternate execution paths. This paper also presents a dynamic analysis technique for inferring these privatization operations and inserting them into the program source code. The combination of these techniques allows more programs to run to completion, while still guaranteeing termination-insensitive non-interference in a purely dynamic manner.
Endangered Community, Enduring People

This article presents the case history and empirical analyses of specific characteristics of communities facing serious health-threatening environmental conditions in the New Orleans metropolitan area (NOMA). The attitudes and perceptions of local residents concerning environmental quality and associated health problems are assessed. A survey was conducted to determine respondents’ viewpoints about environmental risks, related health problems, and the well-being and level of community satisfaction in communities with severe environmental burdens in NOMA. The impacts of polluting industries and an abandoned toxic waste site recently placed on the Environmental Protection Agency’s National Priority List (NPL) are assessed. Among the findings, people in an NPL community exhibit different attitudinal, perceptual, and adaptive behavioral tendencies concerning the environment and health relative to their counterparts in non-NPL communities with benign environmental conditions. The respondents in an NPL community reported higher illnesses, lower community life satisfaction, and associate their somatic dysfunctions with poor environmental conditions.
How Jurors Evaluate Fingerprint Evidence: The Relative Importance of Match Language, Method Information, and Error Acknowledgment

Fingerprint examiners use a variety of terms and phrases to describe a finding of a match between a defendant's fingerprints and fingerprint impressions collected from a crime scene. Despite the importance and ubiquity of fingerprint evidence in criminal cases, no prior studies examine how jurors evaluate such evidence. We present two studies examining the impact of different match phrases, method descriptions, and statements about possible examiner error on the weight given to fingerprint identification evidence by laypersons. In both studies, the particular phrase chosen to describe the finding of a match - whether simple and imprecise or detailed and claiming near certainty - had little effect on participants' judgments about the guilt of a suspect. In contrast, the examiner admitting the possibility of error reduced the weight given to the fingerprint evidence - regardless of whether the admission was made during direct or cross‐examination. In addition, the examiner providing information about the method used to make fingerprint comparisons reduced the impact of admitting the possibility of error. We found few individual differences in reactions to the fingerprint evidence across a wide range of participant variables, and we found widespread agreement regarding the uniqueness of fingerprints and the reliability of fingerprint identifications. Our results suggest that information about the reliability of fingerprint identifications will have a greater impact on lay interpretations of fingerprint evidence than the specific qualitative or quantitative terms chosen to describe a fingerprint match.
Genetic polymorphisms in the one‐carbon metabolism pathway and breast cancer risk: A population‐based case–control study and meta‐analyses

Epidemiological evidence suggests that intake of folate and other B‐vitamins and genetic variants in the one‐carbon metabolism pathway could influence the risk of breast cancer. Previous studies have focused on 2 polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate gene (MTHFR A222V and E429A); however, findings are inconclusive. In a large population‐based case–control study in Poland (2,386 cases, 2,502 controls), we investigated the association between breast cancer risk and 13 polymorphisms in 6 one‐carbon metabolism genes (MTHFR, MTR, MTRR, CBS, SHMT1 and SLC19A1). Data suggested an association between a nonsynonymous change in the gene coding for methionine synthase (MTR D919G) and reduced breast cancer risk: OR (95% CI) = 0.84 (0.73–0.96) and 0.85 (0.62–1.15) for heterozygous and homozygote variant genotypes, respectively, compared with common homozygotes; p‐trend = 0.01, false discovery rate = 0.14. We found no significant associations between other variants and breast cancer risk, including MTHFR A222V or E429A. Meta‐analyses including published studies of MTHFR A222V (8,330 cases and 10,825 controls) and E429A (6,521 cases and 8,515 controls) supported the lack of an overall association; however, studies suggested an increase in risk among premenopausal women. In conclusion, this report does not support a substantial overall association between the evaluated polymorphisms in the one‐carbon metabolism pathway and breast cancer risk. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How you ask is what you get: On the influence of question form on accuracy and confidence

Memory accuracy and confidence for details of an event were investigated as a function of three question forms (open-ended, true-false (T-F) and four-alternative-forced-choice (4-AFC) questions), type of content (action vs. descriptive details) and centrality of information (central vs. peripheral). Sixty-two undergraduates were shown a film of a robbery, then answered 32 questions about the film using a questionnaire in one of the three question forms. Open-ended (74.1%) and T-F questions (73.0%) led to significantly more correct answers than 4-AFC questions (66.5%). Accuracy was higher for central than peripheral information, and higher for action details than for descriptive details. Central action details were remembered better than peripheral action details whereas centrality made no difference for descriptive details. Moreover, type of content and centrality of information had different effects depending on question form. Confidence in correct answers with open-ended questions was lower than with T-F and 4-AFC questions. Across question forms, witnesses were much more confident with correct than incorrect answers, except for central action details. The discussion focuses on differences between recall and recognition and their implication for confidence with different question forms. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of age upon the main nucleus of the inferior olive in the human

The neuronal population of the main inferior olivary nucleus was determined by complete cell counts of this structure in 18 human subjects of various ages. The age groups represent a progression from an immature infant of 23 weeks gestation to an 89 year old. The cell population was found to be lowest in the most immature infant (233,360), increasing in number up to the time of birth, the neo‐natal values being 327,330 for the three day old and 380,460 for the three month old. While minor cell fluctuations were noted in the specimens selected from the first to ninth decades, all values were relatively close to a post‐natal mean value of 363,784. A low value of 317,600 was found in an 82 year old and a high value of 405,580 in a 73 year old. Within comparable age groups the cell populations showed a similar pattern of distribution throughout the length of the nucleus.
Perkembangan regulasi perbankan syariah di Indonesia

Not only Islamic financial institutions rate impressively, but also Islamic banking. Statistics released by Bank Indonesia prove the premise. At the same time, supporting the legality of Islamic banking operations became more solid. Although at the beginning of its establishment faced legal problems, but since the enactment the Islamic Banking No. 21 of 2008 has been issued, the problem is resolved. Authority that important in the dynamics of Islamic banking regulation is the National Sharia BoardCouncil of Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI). The council became the source of authoritative institutions in guarding the observance of the Islamic banking industry to comply with the rules of sharia. All Islamic banking products must be controlled under sharia compliance by the DSN-MUI. Then, the fatwa is absorbed by Bank Indonesia and Bank Indonesia Regulation (Peraturan Bank Indonesia) is set to be. In this context, the national banking regulator has a significant association with DSN-MUI fatwa.
Initiation of parturition and lactation in the sow: effects of delaying parturition with medroxyprogesterone acetate.

The synthetic progestagen, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), was administered to sows in late pregnancy with the objective of slightly delaying the time of farrowing and thereby providing more marked associations between hormonal changes and the termination of pregnancy, and the initiation of farrowing and lactation in this species. MPA was administered orally (140 mg, twice daily) to eight sows in late pregnancy on days 112, 113 and 114 of gestation. Parturition was then induced to occur on day 116 by injecting 200 micrograms cloprostenol i.m. on day 115 of gestation. The peripartum changes in the plasma concentrations of progesterone, cortisol, oestradiol-17 beta, relaxin, prolactin, lactose and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) were measured in these sows together with a group of untreated sows. The gestational length for the MPA-treated sows (116.3 +/- 0.3 days, mean +/- S.E.M.) was significantly (P less than 0.01) greater compared with the untreated sows (114.9 +/- 0.3 days). Plasma progesterone declined earlier (P less than 0.05) with respect to the time of parturition in the treated sows compared with the untreated group. With respect to the timing of parturition, the time at which maximal concentrations of relaxin were attained and the timing of the subsequent decline were earlier in the MPA-treated sows. In both groups of sows, the concentration of relaxin increased before the decline in plasma progesterone. In the untreated sows, the concentration of PGFM increased either slightly before or at the same time as the decline in plasma progesterone, whereas in sows treated with MPA, progesterone concentrations began to decline before any significant increase in the plasma concentration of PGFM. The profiles of cortisol, oestradiol-17 beta and PGFM were similar in both groups of sows. In both groups of sows, the timing of the initial increase in the concentration of plasma prolactin coincided with a similar rise in plasma lactose (P less than 0.01). Plasma progesterone either declined earlier or at the same time as the rise in plasma lactose (P less than 0.01) in the treated group of sows only. We conclude that since the prepartum changes in the concentration of progesterone and relaxin occurred before significant changes in the concentration of PGFM in the MPA-treated sows, the nature of the luteolytic factor and the mechanism by which it exerts its action remains obscure. The higher concentration of lactose in the mammary secretion at birth in the MPA-treated sows compared with the untreated group suggested that lactogenesis was initiated earlier with respect to parturition following MPA treatment. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)