Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Mapping Reveals an Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Pathway Gene Potentially Influencing Evolutionary Divergence between Two Subspecies of Scarlet Gilia (Ipomopsis aggregata)

Abstract Immense floral trait variation has likely arisen as an adaptation to attract pollinators. Different pollinator syndromes—suites of floral traits that attract specific pollinator functional groups—are repeatedly observed across closely related taxa or divergent populations. The observation of these trait syndromes suggests that pollinators use floral cues to signal the underlying nectar reward, and that complex trait combinations may persist and evolve through genetic correlations. Here, we explore pollinator preferences and the genetic architecture of floral divergence using an extensive genetic mapping study in the hybrid zone of two Ipomopsis aggregata subspecies that exhibit a hummingbird and a hawkmoth pollinator syndrome. We found that natural selection acts on several floral traits, and that hummingbirds and hawkmoths exhibited flower color preferences as predicted by their respective pollinator syndromes. Our quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses revealed 46 loci affecting floral features, many of which colocalize across the genome. Two of these QTL have large effects explaining >15% of the phenotypic variance. The strongest QTL was associated with flower color and localized to a SNP in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway gene, dihydroflavonol‐4‐reductase (DFR). Further analysis revealed strong associations between DFR SNP variants, gene expression, and flower color across populations from the hybrid zone. Hence, DFR may be a target of pollinator‐mediated selection in the hybrid zone of these two subspecies. Together, our findings suggest that hummingbirds and hawkmoths exhibit contrasting flower color preferences, which may drive the divergence of several floral traits through correlated trait evolution.
Resource Allocation for Cognitive Radio With Primary User Secrecy Outage Constraint

We consider a cognitive radio network where multiple secondary users (SUs) coexist with a primary user (PU). There exist multiple eavesdroppers (EAVs) who attempt to overhear the PU confidential messages. We propose to let the SUs interfere with the EAVs to protect the PU and gain transmission opportunities at the same time. A new type of PU protection criterion, namely PU secrecy outage constraint, is proposed to guarantee that the PU secrecy outage probability does not increase due to the SU transmission. Our aim is to maximize the SU ergodic transmission rate subject to the PU secrecy outage constraint and the SU transmit power constraint. For the special single EAV and single SU with perfect channel state information (CSI) scenario, we drive the optimal power allocation strategy as well as a low-complexity closed-form suboptimal strategy. Then, using the insights gained from the special scenario, we propose heuristic joint SU scheduling and power allocation strategies for the complex scenario of multiple EAVs and SUs with perfect or imperfect CSI. Extensive simulations are conducted to verify our proposed strategies. It is shown that the proposed strategies can well protect the PU in terms of secrecy outage probability even with imperfect CSI and simultaneously provide transmission opportunities for the SUs.
Back School programme for nurses has reduced low back pain levels: A randomised controlled trial

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES (i) To examine patient lifting techniques used by nurses, and (ii) to evaluate an effectiveness of the Spine Care for Nurses programme in chronic nonspecific low back pain syndrome reduction and the execution of proper patient lifting techniques. BACKGROUND Millions of nurses around the world suffer from occupational-related chronic nonspecific low back pain (chronic nonspecific low back pain syndrome). Generally, low back pain in nurses is a result of increased pressure on the spine and can be associated with improperly conducted patient lifting techniques. METHODS A randomised controlled trial was conducted among 137 nurses with chronic nonspecific low back pain syndrome. Participants were randomised into an experimental and control group (experimental group n = 67, control group n = 70). Nurses in the experimental group attended the Spine Care for Nurses programme for 3 months. The programme consisted of didactic education, spine-strengthening exercises and education on safe patient handling techniques. The control group only received a brief written lifestyle guidance. The Zebris WinSpine Triple Lumbar examination was used to analyse nurses' patient lifting techniques (horizontal and vertical lifting). The lumbar pain intensity was measured with a 0-100 visual analogue scale. RESULTS The pre-intervention average chronic nonspecific low back pain syndrome intensity score on visual analogue scale decreased from 49.3 to the postintervention score of 7.5. The correct execution of vertical lifting techniques in the experimental group increased from 8.91%-97.01% (control group: 8.57% pre-intervention test and postintervention test 11.42%). The horizontal patient lifting technique pre-intervention increased from 10.44%-100% correct execution in the experimental group (control group: pre-intervention test 10.00% and postintervention test 11.42%). CONCLUSION The Spine Care for Nurses programme significantly reduced chronic nonspecific low back pain syndrome and increased the number of properly executed horizontal and vertical patient lifting techniques in nurses. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE We recommend that healthcare organisations should consider the implementation of regular Spine Care for Nurses programmes as successful low back injury prevention programmes.
Effect of restrictive versus liberal red cell transfusion strategies on haemostasis: systematic review and meta-analysis

Summary Red cells play a key role in normal haemostasis in vitro but their importance clinically is less clear. The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess if correction of anaemia by transfusing red cells at a high haemoglobin threshold (liberal transfusion) is superior to transfusion at a lower haemoglobin threshold (restrictive transfusion) for reducing the risk of bleeding or thrombotic events. We searched for randomised controlled trials in any clinical setting that compared two red cell transfusion thresholds and investigated the risk of bleeding. We searched for studies published up to October 19, 2016 in The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, and the Transfusion Evidence Library and ISI Web of Science. Relative risks (RR) or Peto Odds Ratios (pOR) were pooled using a random-effect model. Nineteen randomised trials with 9852 participants were eligible for inclusion in this review. Overall there was no difference in the risk of any bleeding between transfusion strategies (RR 0.91, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.74 to 1.12). The risk of severe or life-threatening bleeding was lower with a restrictive strategy (RR 0.75, 95 % CI 0.57 to 0.99). There was no difference in the risk of thrombotic events (RR 0.83, 95 % CI 0.61 to 1.13). The risk of any bleeding was not reduced with liberal transfusion and there was no overall difference in the risk of thrombotic events. Data from the included trials do not support aiming for a high haemoglobin threshold to improve haemostasis. PROSPERO registration number CRD42016035519. Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Amino Acid Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Bitter Lupine (Lupinus termis) Seed Flour

Physical properties, proximate composition, macro and micro minerals and amino acid profile of bitter lupine seed are investigated. The protein content of Whole Bitter Lupine Seed Flour (WBLSF) and De-hulled Bitter Lupine Seed Flour (DBLSF); 45.0 and 41.5% l, respectively; while fat content 2.9 and 1.2 %, respectively. Bitter lupine seed generally contains about twice the protein in normally consumed legumes. It is a good supplier of minerals. WBLSF contains, potassium, calcium, copper, iron, and zinc with concentration of 534 ± 2.89, 338 ± 3.60. ; 1.04 ± 0.05; 5.30 ± 0.10 and 2.30 ± 0.03 (mg/100 g), respectively. WBLSF found rich in lysine, leucine and arginine: 4.5; 6.9 and 8.5 (mg/16 g N),respectively It can fulfill the essential amino acid requirement for human diet except for methionine (S-containing essential amino acid) and tryptophan: 0.34 and 0.99 (mg/16 g N), respectively. Net protein value (NPV) and Chemical Score of lupine seed was 0.153 and 12.186, respectively. The first limiting amino acid was cystine. Glutamic amino acid reported the highest amount (24.60 mg/16g N). Bitter lupine seed flour showed a relatively high concentration of indispensable amino acids, lysine and leucine. keywords: Bitter lupine seed, Physical properties; Proximate analysis; Macro and micro minerals; Amino acids concentration.
Informal caregiving in head and neck cancer: caregiving activities and psychological well‐being

The purpose of this study was to quantify the general cancer support activities that long-term carers of head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors engage in; and the relationships between these care activities and psychological well-being. Respondents answered a survey detailing their caring activities, the amount of time that they spent on those activities and how comfortable they felt engaging in them. Psychological well-being was assessed by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21. A total of 197 carers took part in the study. The majority (76%) were women, mean age 57.4. Mean time since diagnosis was 6.2 years. In the past month, 45% of carers did not spend any extra time per week helping their relative/friend with general caring activities such as cleaning the house; 31% spent 1-19 hr/week and 23% spent 20 or more hours/week doing so. Most carers were comfortable assisting their relative/friend, though more carers felt uncomfortable assisting with HNC-specific support tasks (31% uncomfortable helping with medication) compared with general support tasks (7% uncomfortable helping with appointments). Feeling uncomfortable with head and neck-specific care tasks was a significant predictor of experiencing depression and anxiety.
The language of change among criminal justice clients: Counselor language, client language, and client substance use outcomes.

OBJECTIVE Counselor and client language have been identified as mechanisms of change in motivational interviewing (MI) counseling sessions. This study evaluated whether language patterns exhibited during MI sessions with substance users in the community would also be found during MI sessions with substance users in the criminal justice system. METHOD Forty audio recordings of MI sessions with substance-using probationers were coded and analyzed sequentially using the Motivational Interviewing Skills Code (MISC) 2.5. Analyses examined the relationship between counselor and client language, and the relationship between client language and client substance use after 2 months. RESULTS Counselor MI inconsistent language was associated with decreased change talk (lnOR = - 0.76, p < .05) though not with increased sustain talk. Both sustain talk (b = - 4.591, t = - 18.634 p < .001) and MI inconsistent language MIIN (b = - 4.419, t = - 19.886, p < .001) were positively associated with substance use at 2 months. Sustain talk early in the session (i.e., during deciles 1 and 2) was significantly greater among clients who reported using substances at 2 months, compared to clients who did not use substances. CONCLUSION These findings are broadly consistent with previous literature documenting the association between counselor language, client language, and client outcome.
Hyperthermia-induced Neural Alterations Impair Proprioception and Balance

Purpose Hyperthermia has been shown to affect both central and peripheral nervous systems. However, the consequences of these alterations on the proprioceptive mechanisms underlying human movement control remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of passive hyperthermia on various measures of proprioception and balance, two key components of injury prevention and movement efficiency. Methods After a familiarization session, 14 volunteers (8 males, 6 females) completed two experimental sessions in temperate (CON, 24°C) and hot (HOT, 44°C–50°C) conditions, in a counterbalanced order. Participants were tested for neural function (electrically evoked M-wave and Hoffman reflex, Soleus), active movement discrimination (five positions, 50 trials, dorsiflexion), dynamic balance (Star Excursion Balance Test, three directions), and static balance (single-leg stance). Results Both rectal (39.0°C ± 0.3°C vs 36.9°C ± 0.6°C) and mean skin (37.9°C ± 1.0°C vs 32.0°C ± 2.7°C) temperatures were significantly higher in HOT than CON (P < 0.05). Hyperthermia significantly reduced the Hoffman reflex (P < 0.05) but not the M-wave (P > 0.05) amplitudes, increased the mean error for active movement discrimination (0.58°± 0.13° vs 0.50° ± 0.11°, +17%, P < 0.05), decreased the average distance reached in the posteromedial direction during dynamic balance (88.6 ± 7.9 cm vs 90.9 ± 6.1 cm, P < 0.05), and increased the contact area of the foot (126 ± 14 cm2 vs 122 ± 13 cm2, +2.7%, P < 0.05) and the center of pressure excursion (64 ± 14 vs 57 ± 9 cm, +11.1%, P < 0.10) during single-leg stance. Conclusions The current study suggests that hyperthermia impairs the proprioception and balance parameters measured. These observations might be due to heat-induced alterations in efferent and afferent signals to and from the muscle.
Formal specification and analysis of the Group Domain Of Interpretation Protocol using NPATRL and the NRL Protocol Analyzer

Abstract : Although research has been going on in the formal analysis of cryptographic protocols for a number of years, they are only slowly being integrated into the protocol design process. In this paper we describe how we furthered the integration of analysis and design by working closely with the Multicast Security Working Group in the Internet Engineering Task Force on the analysis of a proposed Internet Standard, the Group Domain Of Interpretation (GDOI) Protocol. We describe the challenges that had to be met before the analysis could be successfully completed, and some of the challenges that still remain. Perhaps not surprisingly, some of the most challenging work was in understanding the security requirements for group protocols in general. We give a detailed specification of the requirements for GDOI, describe our formal analysis of the protocol with respect to these requirements, and show how our analysis impacted the development of GDOI.
Effect of a High-Protein Diet versus Standard-Protein Diet on Weight Loss and Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Some studies have shown that protein-enriched diets can lead to greater weight loss and improvements in biomarkers of metabolic syndrome (MeS) than standard protein diets. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of increased protein intake on weight loss in Mexican adults with MeS. Methods: Randomized controlled trial in 118 adults aged 47.4 ± 11.5 years and meeting the established criteria for MeS were randomized to prescribed hypocaloric diets (500 kcal less than resting metabolic rate) providing either 0.8 g/kg body weight (standard protein diet (SPD)) or 1.34 g/kg body weight (higher protein diet (HPD)) for 6 months. Body weight, waist circumference, percent body fat by bioimpedance analysis, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase were measured at baseline, 3 months and at 6 months. Results: There were 105 subjects (51 for SPD and 54 for HPD) who completed the trial. Overall weight loss was 5.1 ± 3.6 kg in the SPD group compared to 7.0 ± 3.7 kg in the in HPD group. Both groups lost a significant percent of centimeters of waist circumference (SPD -6.5 ± 2.6 cm and HPD -8.8 ± 2.6 cm). There was no statistical difference Except for the varying weight losses the two groups did not show any further differences overall. However in the subgroup judged to be adherent more than 75% of the time with the prescribed diets, there was a significant difference in mean weight loss (SPD -5.8% vs. HPD -9.5%) after adjusting for baseline BMI. Both groups demonstrated significant decreases in waist circumference, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and VLDL cholesterol, but there were no differences between the groups. There were no changes in blood tests for liver or renal function. Conclusions: There were no significant differences in weight loss and biomarkers of MeS when the overall group was examined, but the participants with more adherence rate in the HPD group lost significantly more weight than adherent participants in the SPD group.
Assessment of the relationship between reperfusion success and T-peak to T-end interval in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention

Objective: T-peak–T-end (TPE) interval, which represents the dispersion of repolarization, is defined as the interval between the peak and end of the T-wave, and is associated with increased malignant ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Although prolonged TPE interval is associated with poor short- and long-term outcomes, even in patients with STEMI treated with successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI), clinical, angiographic, and laboratory parameters that affect TPE remain to be elucidated. The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential relationship between prolonged TPE interval and reperfusion success using ST segment resolution (STR) in patients with STEMI undergoing pPCI. Methods: In the current study, 218 consecutive patients with STEMI who underwent pPCI were enrolled; after exclusion, 164 patients were included in the study population. Results: Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of complete (STR%≥70) or incomplete (STR%<70) STR. Preprocedural corrected TPE (cTPEPRE;116±21 ms vs. 108±21 ms; p=0.027), postprocedural TPE (TPEPOST; 107±16 ms vs. 92±21 ms; p<0.001), and postprocedural cTPE (cTPEPOST; 119±19 ms vs. 102±17 ms; p<0.001) intervals were significantly longer in patients with incomplete STR than in patients with complete STR, whereas there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of pre- and postprocedural and corrected QT intervals. cTPEPRE and cTPEPOST were found to be independent predictors for incomplete STR. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study that evaluated the relationship between TPE interval and no-reflow defined by STR in patients with STEMI who were treated with pPCI.
HMGB1‐induced asthmatic airway inflammation through GRP75‐mediated enhancement of ER‐mitochondrial Ca2+ transfer and ROS increased

Imbalanced T‐helper (TH)1/Th2 response contributes significantly to asthma pathogenesis. Our study indicated that HMGB1 play an important role in the release of Th2‐associated cytokines of asthma. However, the specific mechanism about HMGB1‐induced imbalanced TH1/Th2 response is not known. In vivo, an OVA‐induced asthma mouse model was set up and mice treated with anti‐HMGB1 IgG. The mice treated with the anti‐HMGB1 IgG ameliorated airway hyper‐reactivity, disruption of Th1/Th2 balance and the upregulation of GRP75 induced by OVA. In vitro, the exposure of normal human bronchial epithelial cells to HMGB1 resulted in the upregulation of GRP75, proinflammatory cytokine production, enhanced ER‐Mitochondrial Ca2+ transfer, and enhancement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While HMGB1‐induced these changes were attenuated by GRP75 siRNA treatment. Sequentially, pretreatment with 2‐APB, SKF960365 (SKF) and Ru360 which inhibit ER‐Mitochondrial Ca2+ transfer significantly lowered HMGB1‐induced the generation of ROS and the release of Th2 cytokines in 16HBE cells. Meanwhile, N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly attenuated the HMGB1‐mediated pro‐inflammatory cytokines release. Therefore, these results indicate that GRP75‐mediated ER‐Mitochondrial Ca2+ transfer may be an important contributor in imbalanced of Th1/Th2 balance of asthma. Moreover, HMGB1 specifically induces the release of Th2 cytokines through GRP75‐mediated enhancement of ER‐Mitochondrial Ca2+ transfer and ROS increased.
Semi-Supervised Co-Analysis of 3D Shape Styles from Projected Lines

We present a semi-supervised co-analysis method for learning 3D shape styles from projected feature lines, achieving style patch localization with only weak supervision. Given a collection of 3D shapes spanning multiple object categories and styles, we perform style co-analysis over projected feature lines of each 3D shape and then back-project the learned style features onto the 3D shapes. Our core analysis pipeline starts with mid-level patch sampling and pre-selection of candidate style patches. Projective features are then encoded via patch convolution. Multi-view feature integration and style clustering are carried out under the framework of partially shared latent factor (PSLF) learning, a multi-view feature learning scheme. PSLF achieves effective multi-view feature fusion by distilling and exploiting consistent and complementary feature information from multiple views, while also selecting style patches from the candidates. Our style analysis approach supports both unsupervised and semi-supervised analysis. For the latter, our method accepts both user-specified shape labels and style-ranked triplets as clustering constraints. We demonstrate results from 3D shape style analysis and patch localization as well as improvements over state-of-the-art methods. We also present several applications enabled by our style analysis.
Witness encryption and its applications

We put forth the concept of witness encryption. A witness encryption scheme is defined for an NP language L (with corresponding witness relation R). In such a scheme, a user can encrypt a message M to a particular problem instance x to produce a ciphertext. A recipient of a ciphertext is able to decrypt the message if x is in the language and the recipient knows a witness w where R(x,w) holds. However, if x is not in the language, then no polynomial-time attacker can distinguish between encryptions of any two equal length messages. We emphasize that the encrypter himself may have no idea whether $x$ is actually in the language. Our contributions in this paper are threefold. First, we introduce and formally define witness encryption. Second, we show how to build several cryptographic primitives from witness encryption. Finally, we give a candidate construction based on the NP-complete Exact Cover problem and Garg, Gentry, and Halevi's recent construction of "approximate" multilinear maps. Our method for witness encryption also yields the first candidate construction for an open problem posed by Rudich in 1989: constructing computational secret sharing schemes for an NP-complete access structure.
Chemical bath deposition of NiSe thin films from alkaline solutions using triethanolamine as complexing agent

The nickel selenide thin films were prepared onto microscope glass slides by chemical bath deposition technique. The X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy have been used for their structural and morphological characterization. The X-ray diffraction result shows that thin films have a polycrystalline and rhombohedral structure. The scanning electron microscopy micrograph shows the thin films cover the glass substrate completely and consisted of irregular shaped grains. The optical properties of thin films were determined from analysis of measured absorbance spectrum. The nickel selenide thin films exhibited direct band gap transition with band gap energy of 1.8 eV.