Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Coma Cluster at γ-ray energies: Multifrequency constraints

The Coma cluster exhibits evidence of a high-energy non-thermal particle population. At frequencies > 1 GHz recent radio halo observations confirm a significant spectral steepening of the volume-integrated emission. We calculate the volume- averaged high-energy spectrum due to inverse Compton scattering off the CMB radiation field and non-thermal bremsstrahlung according to an exponential cutoff in the electron spectrum as deduced from the radio observations. The synchrotron radiation from secondary pairs, created from the decay of charged mesons produced in hadronic pp-interactions, is found to set significant constraints on the energy content of relativistic hadrons in Coma. This limits the maximum flux at high energies. Our findings support a low ratio of relativistic hadron to thermal energy density. Predictions for Coma's high energy emission are discussed in the light of current and expected abilities of upcoming γ-ray instruments.
Operating Procedures for Conducting Monetary Policy

‘a-jr ‘it! V V ITHIN the Federal Reserve System, the body that determines the nation’s monetary policy is the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). The FOMC meets several times each year, specifying targets for the federal funds rate and money growth over the period until the next scheduled meeting. ’ Twice each year, in February and July, the FOMC also announces its annual objectives for growth of the monetary aggregates. The Committee began setting targets for the growth rates of the monetary aggregates in 1970, because of a growing recognition of the effects of money growth on total spending and inflation. The FOMC also gives some weight to the short-run stability of interest rates, expressed as ranges for the federal funds rate.
Squibs: Reliability Measurement without Limits

In computational linguistics, a reliability measurement of 0.8 on some statistic such as is widely thought to guarantee that hand-coded data is fit for purpose, with 0.67 to 0.8 tolerable, and lower values suspect. We demonstrate that the main use of such data, machine learning, can tolerate data with low reliability as long as any disagreement among human coders looks like random noise. When the disagreement introduces patterns, however, the machine learner can pick these up just like it picks up the real patterns in the data, making the performance figures look better than they really are. For the range of reliability measures that the field currently accepts, disagreement can appreciably inflate performance figures, and even a measure of 0.8 does not guarantee that what looks like good performance really is. Although this is a commonsense result, it has implications for how we work. At the very least, computational linguists should look for any patterns in the disagreement among coders and assess what impact they will have.
A Physical Model for GPS Multipath Caused by Land Reflections: Toward Bare Soil Moisture Retrievals

Reflected Global Positioning System (GPS) signals can be used to infer information about soil moisture in the vicinity of the GPS antenna. Interference of direct and reflected signals causes the composite signal, observed using signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data, to undulate with time while the GPS satellite ascends or descends at relatively low elevation angles. The soil moisture change affects both the phase of the SNR modulation pattern and its magnitude. In order to more thoroughly understand the mechanism of how the soil moisture change leads to a change in the SNR modulation, we built an electrodynamic model of GPS direct and reflected signal interference, i.e., multipath, that has a bare-soil model as the input and the total GPS received power as the output. This model treats soil as a continuously stratified medium with a specific composition of material ingredients having complex dielectric permittivity according to well-known mixing models. The critical part of this electrodynamic model is a numerical algorithm that allows us to calculate polarization-dependent reflection coefficients of such media with various profiles of dielectric permittivity dictated by the soil type and moisture. In this paper, we demonstrate how this model can reproduce and explain the main features of experimental multipath modulation patterns such as changes in phase and amplitude. We also discuss the interplay between true penetration depth and effective reflector depth. Based on these modeling comparisons, we formulate recommendations to improve the performance of bare soil moisture retrievals from the data obtained using GPS multipath modulation.
When anger meets joy: how emotions mobilise and sustain the anti-coal seam gas movement in regional Australia

ABSTRACT In many countries, the expansion of unconventional gas exploration and development has been met with grassroots resistance; the scale and depth of which has surprised even movement organisers. An often-remarked feature of the movement’s success is the teaming up of farmers and environmental organisers, historically at odds with one another on other environmental issues. This paper explores the role of emotions in building alliances, and mobilising opponents of coal seam gas (CSG) in a particular rural setting in Australia. Drawing on interviews with anti-CSG movement participants, the paper argues that emotions help to explain how the movement has mobilised and sustained alliances despite differences between movement participants. We find that while anger plays a central role in mobilising various anti-CSG actors, it is the combination of anger with joy which helps to sustain the anti-CSG movement in regional Australia. Our analysis reveals three key sites (individuals, within groups, and the public arena) where these emotions are expressed and negotiated, and emphasises the influence of the rural context in this process.
Recent Complexity Results on Generation Problems

Generation problems are the problems of enumerating all configurations that satisfy a given specification. Our research is focused on the generation of all maximal satisfying truth assignments of arbitrary Boolean expressions in Conjunctive Normal Form, a generalization of the well-known transversal hypergraph problem, that is, the problem of generating all minimal hitting sets (transversals) of a hypergraph. The above problem turn out to be central in various areas of Computer Science. We study the computational complexity of these problems and give some resent results. Recent Complexity Results on Generation Problems Elias C. Stavropoulos University of Patras Computer Engineering & Informatics Department GR-265 00 Rio, Patras, Greece URL: http://www.ceid. upatras.gr/∼estavrop
Politicizing Solidarity in Times of Crisis: The Politics of Alternative Action Organizations in Greece, Italy, and Spain

Alternative action organizations (AAOs) are collective bodies engaged in carrying out alternatives to dominant socioeconomic and cultural practices through actions that aim to provide people with alternative ways of enduring day-to-day difficulties and challenges in hard economic times. They are often interpreted as merely “philanthropic” actors, although it is not rare to see them go beyond the provision of direct services to people in need and end up pursuing political goals through political means. This article focuses on the process of politicization, that is, the transition of issues from the private to the public sphere and thus the use of public forms of contention (e.g., protest) proposing public solutions at the collective level instead of private solutions at the individual level. We argue for the role of the crisis in the politicization of AAOs. In particular, we show that the appropriation of the context as a context of economic crisis in the discourse of AAOs has a visible effect on their politicization, in terms of both repertoire of actions and goals. Furthermore, we show that social solidarity organizations, those that are not inherently politicized, are the main protagonists of this crisis-triggered transition. The article draws on statistical analysis of the data collected through the coding of AAOs’ websites in Greece, Italy, and Spain.
Bromocriptine for Control of Hyperthermia in a Patient with Mixed Autonomic Hyperactivity after Neurosurgery: A Case Report

Mixed autonomic hyperactivity disorder (MAHD) among patients with acquired brain injury can be rare. A delayed diagnosis of MAHD might exacerbate the clinical outcome and increase healthcare expenses with unnecessary testing. However, MAHD is still an underrecognized and evolving disease entity. A 25-yr-old woman was admitted the clinic due to craniopharyngioma. After an extensive tumor resection, she complained of sustained fever, papillary contraction, hiccup, lacrimation, and sighing. An extensive evaluation of the sustained fever was conducted. Finally, the cause for MAHD was suspected, and the patient was successfully treated with bromocriptine for a month.
Moderate varus/valgus malalignment after total knee arthroplasty has little effect on knee function or muscle strength

Background and purpose — Postoperative muscle strength and component alignment are important factors affecting functional results after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We are not aware of any studies that have investigated the relationship between them. We therefore investigated whether coronal malalignment of the mechanical axis and/or of individual implant components would affect knee muscle strength and function 1 year after TKA surgery. Patients and methods — We included 120 consecutive osteoarthritis (OA) patients admitted for TKA. Preoperative active range of motion (ROM) of the knee, patient age, sex, and BMI were recorded and the Knee Society score (KSS) and knee joint extensor/flexor muscle strength were assessed. At 1-year follow-up, the mechanical and coronal component alignment was measured from a postoperative long standing radiograph, and ROM, KSS, and muscle strength measurements were taken in 91 patients. Functional outcome and muscle strength measurements were compared between normally aligned and malaligned TKA groups. Results — 29 of 91 TKAs were malaligned, i.e. they deviated more than 3° from the neutral mechanical axis. 18 femoral components and 15 tibial components were malaligned. Before surgery, the malaligned and normally aligned groups were similar regarding sex distribution, BMI, ROM, KSS, and muscle strength. At the 1-year follow-up, the differences between the groups regarding knee joint function and muscle strength were small, not statistically significant, and barely clinically relevant. Interpretation — Moderate varus/valgus malalignment of the mechanical axis or of individual components has no relevant clinical effect on function or muscle strength 1 year after TKA surgery.
Multi-Agent Coordination Off-Line: Structure and Complexity

Coordination between processing entities is one of the most widely studied areas in multi-agent planning research. Recently, efforts have been made to understand the formal computational issues of this important area. In this paper, we make a step toward this direction, and analyze a certain class of coordination problems for dependent agents with independent goals acting in the same environment. We assume that a state-transition description of each agent is given, and that preconditioning an agent's transitions by the states of other agents is the only considered kind of inter-agent dependence. Off-line coordination between the agents is considered. We analyze some structural properties of these problems, and investigate the relationship between these properties and the complexity of coordination in this domain. We show that our general problem is provably intractable, but some significant subclasses are in NP and even polynomial.
Maximum Direction to Geometric Mean Spectral Response Ratios using the Relevance Vector Machine

The 2009 edition of the NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures redefined the design levels of ground motions as the spectral accelerations in the direction of maximum horizontal response. The 2009 Provision maps have been converted from the geometric mean maps assuming that the maximum direction to geometric mean ratio (MD/GMRotI50) depends only on the vibration period, and the standard deviation of maximum direction motions is the same as that of geometric mean motions. A detailed investigation of the MD/GMRotI50 ratio is essential to understanding the ground motion levels intended for seismic design. In this paper, we use records from strike-slip earthquakes to investigate the dependence of the logarithm of the ratio on magnitude, distance and rupture directivity and estimate its standard deviation using the Relevance Vector Machine regression. Our results suggest that different sets of variables govern the ratio for different vibration periods.
A new scoring model for characterization of adnexal masses based on two-dimensional gray-scale and colour Doppler sonographic features

Objective: To determine the most discriminating two-dimensional gray-scale and colour Doppler sonographic features that allow differentiation between malignant and benign adnexal masses, and to develop a scoring model that would enable more accurate diagnosis with those features. Methods: A cross sectional prospective study was conducted on patients scheduled for surgery due to presence of adnexal masses at Woman’s Health Center, Assiut University, Egypt between October 2012 and October 2013. All patients were evaluated by 2D ultrasound for morphological features of the masses combined with colour Doppler examination of their vessels. The final diagnosis, based on histopathological analysis, was used as a gold standard. Results: One hundred forty-six patients were recruited, 104 with benign masses, 42 with malignant masses. Features that allowed statistically significant discrimination of benignity from malignancy were; volume of mass, type of mass, presence and thickness of septae, presence and length of papillary projections, location of vessels at colour Doppler and colour score. A scoring model was formulated combining these features together; Assiut Scoring Model (ASM). The cut-off level with the highest accuracy in detection of malignancy, was ≥6, had a sensitivity of 93.5% and specificity of 92.2%. Conclusion: Our Scoring Model; a multiparameter scoring using four gray-scale ultrasound and two colour Doppler features, had shown a high sensitivity and specificity for prediction of malignancy in adnexal masses compared with previous scoring systems.
Alignments of the Dominant Galaxies in Poor Clusters

We have examined the orientations of brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) in poor MKW (Morgan, Kayser, and White) and AWM (Albert, White, and Morgan) clusters and find that, like their counterparts in richer Abell clusters, poor cluster BCGs exhibit a strong propensity to be aligned with the principal axes of their host clusters as well as the surrounding distribution of nearby (≤20 h-1 Mpc) Abell clusters. The processes responsible for dominant galaxy alignments are therefore independent of cluster richness. We argue that these alignments most likely arise from anisotropic infall of material into clusters along large-scale filaments.
FM-based indoor localization via automatic fingerprint DB construction and matching

We present ACMI, an FM-based indoor localization that does not require proactive site profiling. ACMI constructs the fingerprint database based on the pure estimation of indoor RSS distribution, where the signals transmitted from commercial FM radio stations are used. For this, ACMI makes use of our signal model harnessing public transmission information of FM stations in a combination with a floorplan of a building. Using the fingerprint database as the knowledge base, ACMI actively performs multi-level online signal matching to infer the current location of a mobile user. ACMI achieves good indoor localization accuracy even without site profiling efforts. We evaluate ACMI with extensive indoor experiments in 7 different locations with over 1,100 indoor spots. The results show that ACMI achieves up to 89% room identification and accuracy of 6m localization error on average using 8 FM broadcast signals.
Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membandingkan Pecahan Sederhana Dengan Menggunakan Kartu Pecahan Di Kelas III SD Negeri Majalaya VII

This study aims to improve the mathematics learning outcomes of third grade students of Majalaya VII Elementary School in simple fraction materials using fractional card media. The use of this media is done through a game. This type of research is classroom action research. This study uses the Kemmis and Taggart model. The subjects in this study were third grade students of Majalaya VII State Elementary School, totaling 24 students. The techniques used for data collection are observation and written test techniques. The research instrument uses student observation sheets and written tests. Data analysis techniques used are descriptive quantitative and qualitative descriptive. Based on the results obtained it can be concluded that: the completeness of mathematics learning outcomes using fractional card media in third grade students of Majalaya VII State Elementary School has increased. The increase in the first cycle was 62.50% while in the second cycle was 79.17%.
Is Psychology Still a Science of Behaviour?

Since the 1970s, social psychology has examined real human behaviour to an increasingly smaller degree. This article is an analysis of the reasons why this is so. The author points out that the otherwise valuable phenomenon of cognitive shift, which occurred in social psychology precisely in the 1970s, naturally boosted the interest of psychologists in such phenomena like stereotypes, attitudes, and values; at the same time, it unfortunately decreased interest in others, like aggression, altruism, and social influence. In recent decades, we have also witnessed a growing conviction among psychologists that explaining why people display certain reactions holds greater importance than demonstrating the conditions under which people display these reactions. This assumption has been accompanied by the spread of statistical analysis applied to empirical data, which has led to researchers today generally preferring to employ survey studies (even if they are a component of experiments being conducted) to the analysis of behavioural variables. The author analyses the contents of the most recent volume of “Journal of Personality and Social Psychology”, and argues that it is essentially devoid of presentations of empirical studies in which human behaviours are examined. This gives rise to the question of whether social psychology remains a science of behaviour, and whether such a condition of the discipline is desirable.
Risk factors of converting to laparotomy in laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis

Purpose Laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) for acute appendicitis has several advantages over open appendectomy (OA). In cases of complicated appendicitis, LA is converted to OA at a constant rate, though converting appendectomy (CA) has several disadvantages. We retrospectively determined preoperative risk factors for failure of LA and subsequent conversion to OA. Methods Consecutive cases of preoperative computed tomography (CT) and attempted LA were retrieved from our hospital database and grouped by procedure (LA versus CA). Patients with negative appendectomies (n = 28), opened appendectomy (n = 210), delayed interval appendectomy (n = 3), or who were <14 years of age were excluded. Results Average patient age, preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and diffuse peritonitis were significantly different between the groups. CT inflammation and occurrence of complicated appendicitis were significantly higher in CA than LA. Conversion to OA was mostly because of dense adhesions, diffuse peritonitis, and difficulties in excision of the appendix due to perforation or severe inflammation from surgical point of view. Postoperative complications were significantly lower in LA than CA, although the rate of intraoperative abscess was not different. Conclusion Most patients with acute appendicitis can be successfully treated with LA. We identified the following significant risk factors of CA: CT inflammation grade 4 or 5; complicated appendicitis; higher preoperative CRP level; and diffuse peritonitis.
Disruptive ethnography and knowledge co-creation

This chapter explores the role of disruptive practices within ethnographic research. Through fieldwork encounters, ethnographers inevitably influence the lives of the people being studied. Researchers have generally advocated reflexive approaches to examining relationships in the field and to the ways in which engagement shapes data. However, some have gone further, arguing for the merits of obtrusiveness as a strategy in fieldwork. Drawing on a multi‐sited ethnographic study of hospitality venues, this chapter contributes to this area of debate by examining how obtrusive practices can generate insights regarding cognitive and socio‐material processes in the production of consumption spaces. The chapter considers three areas of disruptive activity: firstly, embodied disruption, including co‐presence, social interactions and engagement in actions that challenge the perceived social order; secondly, sonic disruption – changing music in a venue to provoke and observe consumer reactions; and finally, research‐instigated visits with other consumers. The discussion examines how these practices were used to co‐create knowledge regarding the production of space and the experience of consuming hospitality. The chapter considers critically the potential benefits alongside the ethical and methodological challenges of adopting such approaches. Introduction Advocates of ‘objective’, ‘scientific’ principles in research may seek to reduce the researcher’s influence in data collection and analysis because it is seen to compromise rigour and validity (cf. Brotherton, 2015; Chang, 2014; Stoddart, 1986). Foregrounding what Hammersley (2011) has called ‘methodology‐as‐technique’, i.e. codified procedures and practices, offers ways to legitimise knowledge in academic valuation cultures based on normative logics of transparency and quality assurance (cf. Bell, Kothiyal, & Willmott, 2017; Lugosi, 2009a; Woodside, 2010; 2017). However, critics have challenged the appropriateness of adopting this conception of knowledge generation within all forms of qualitative research (see e.g. Alvesson & Sköldberg, 2009; Hammersley, 2011; Harrington, 2002; Lincoln & Guba, 2013). The need to challenge claims of researcher objectivity is particularly