Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How do Carbon Emissions Respond to Business-Cycle Shocks?

Carbon dioxide emissions are highly correlated with cyclical fluctuations in the U.S.economy; they increase during booms and fall during busts. We examine this relationship focusing on the sources of business cycles identified using structural vector autoregression methodologies. Using data for 1973–2012, we find that emissionsfall after unanticipated technology and investment shocks, as well as anticipated technology shocks. Emissions, however, increase after an anticipated investment shock. Our findings have two implications for the emerging literature that examines the optimality of environmental policy using dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models with unanticipated technology shocks. First, the assumption that unanticipated technology shocks cause carbon emissions to move with the business cycle has little support in the data both at the aggregate and the state-level. Second, identifying the shocks that explain procyclical carbon emissions is an important first step for crafting effective environmental policy over the business cycle—an anticipated investment shock is a candidate.
Geoengineering, news media and metaphors: Framing the controversial

We analyze how metaphors are used in presenting and debating novel technologies that could influence the climate and thereby also future climate change policies. We show that metaphors strengthen a policy-related storyline, while metaphors are rarer in purely descriptive accounts. The choice of metaphor frames the technologies. War metaphors are used equally in arguments that are for, against and neutral with respect to the further development of geoengineering, but differences arise in the use of metaphors related to controllability, health and mechanisms. Controllability metaphors are often used in justifying further research and development of good governance practices, whereas health metaphors tend to be used against the very idea of geoengineering by portraying technological interventions in the climate as an emblematic case of an unacceptable development. These findings suggest that metaphors are early indications of restrictions in the interpretative flexibility that influences future governance of geoengineering and geoengineering research.
SPUTTERING FROM A POROUS MATERIAL BY PENETRATING IONS

Porous materials are ubiquitous in the universe and weathering of porous surfaces plays an important role in the evolution of planetary and interstellar materials. Sputtering of porous solids in particular can influence atmosphere formation, surface reflectivity, and the production of the ambient gas around materials in space. Several previous studies and models have shown a large reduction in the sputtering of a porous solid compared to the sputtering of the non-porous solid. Using molecular dynamics simulations we study the sputtering of a nanoporous solid with 55% of the solid density. We calculate the electronic sputtering induced by a fast, penetrating ion, using a thermal spike representation of the deposited energy. We find that sputtering for this porous solid is, surprisingly, the same as that for a full-density solid, even though the sticking coefficient is high.
Application of Bayesian Belief Networks for context extraction from wireless sensors data

Networks of Wirelessly connected low power sensors have ability to closely sense activity of individual and social interest. The usefulness of Wireless Sensor Networks is increased further by deriving contextual information from it. From sensors data, context like activity, location, weather and surroundings (nearby persons, devices) can be deduced. Techniques to represent & extract the context include ontology, Markov Models, decision trees, clustering and Bayesian approaches. Given incomplete and erroneous nature of sensor data, Bayesian Belief Networks (BBN) are used here to obtain features defining context. Five algorithms of BBN construction have been evaluated for comparing feature classification performance. Simple rule based matching is then applied to map the features to already defined context. The mechanism is applied here on sensors data obtained from Intel research lab at Berkeley to extract the “weather” context. Similar mechanism can be applied to other application and contexts also.
The Gendered Face of Partisan Politics: Consequences of Intersecting Gender and Partisan Stereotypes for Politician Perception

Historically, women have been at a disadvantage in U.S. politics. Recently, social-cognitive researchers have begun to investigate how gender and partisan stereotypes operate through politician appearance. Here I test the hypothesis that the gendered nature of the two major political parties in the United States manifests itself in the sex-typicality of politician appearance and has consequences for evaluations of female and male politicians. I draw from basic social cognition theory and the prejudice and stereotyping literature to propose a novel approach to understanding the consequences of gender stereotypes for perceptions of politicians (Chapter I). I specify a model documenting how partisan stereotypes and party-based adherence to traditional gender roles impact politician perceptions. The central tenets of this model are tested in Chapter II, Chapter III, Chapter IV, and Chapter V, and focus on a range of outcomes--trait evaluations, issue competencies, leadership ability, vote choice, and electoral success.In the study described in Chapter II, I describe how politicians' gendered appearance impacts trait evaluations. I find that when politicians' appearance is congruent with their partisan stereotype that they fare better in their evaluations of warmth and competence. Moreover, perceived warmth varies as a function of gendered appearance for counter-stereotypic groups. Thus, gendered appearance impacts assessments of male politicians' warmth and evaluations of female politicians' competence.In the study described in Chapter III, I test whether partisan stereotypes influence perceptions of politicians' issue competencies. I find evidence that partisan stereotypes drive perceptions of politicians' issue competencies such that a more feminine appearance compels more favorable evaluations of Democrats' ability to handle compassion/women's issues; a more masculine appearance compels more favorable assessments of politicians' ability to handle economic/military issues. In the study described in Chapter IV, I describe how politicians' gendered appearance impacts leadership ability assessments. The pattern of result remains unclear. A feminine-appearance benefits perceptions of female Democrats' and female and male Republicans' leadership ability; however, a masculine appearance benefits perceptions male Democrats' leadership ability. These findings are not in line with my prior research and other published findings regarding gendered appearance and perceptions of leadership ability. Therefore, additional research is warranted to fully understand the influence of gendered appearance on assessments of leadership ability.
The patch transform and its applications to image editing

We introduce the patch transform, where an image is broken into non-overlapping patches, and modifications or constraints are applied in the ldquopatch domainrdquo. A modified image is then reconstructed from the patches, subject to those constraints. When no constraints are given, the reconstruction problem reduces to solving a jigsaw puzzle. Constraints the user may specify include the spatial locations of patches, the size of the output image, or the pool of patches from which an image is reconstructed. We define terms in a Markov network to specify a good image reconstruction from patches: neighboring patches must fit to form a plausible image, and each patch should be used only once. We find an approximate solution to the Markov network using loopy belief propagation, introducing an approximation to handle the combinatorially difficult patch exclusion constraint. The resulting image reconstructions show the original image, modified to respect the userpsilas changes. We apply the patch transform to various image editing tasks and show that the algorithm performs well on real world images.
POLYGYNOUS MARRIAGE IN THE MIDDLE EAST: STORIES OF SUCCESS AND FAILURES'

Qualitative data were collected from interviews with 100 Bedouin-Arab husbands, wives, children, and some extended family members of polygynous families in the Negev of Israel. Respondents were selected on the basis of self-reported levels of family functioning. Distinct contrasts were found between familial relationships in high functioning families and low functioning families. Differences occurred between husbands of low and high functioning families regarding reasons for a second marriage, how the marriage was received, and relationships with wives and their children. Such constructs can help enrich anthropological theory and improve professional psychosocial intervention. (Bedouin-Arab, family functioning, Middle East, polygynous families)
Academic Motivation in University : The Role of Basic Psychological Needs and Identity Formation

This study was an investigation of the relationship between psychological need fulfillment, psychosocial development, and academic motivation in university students. Two models were tested. The 1st model, derived from developmental theories, proposed that basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness would predict identity and intimacy achievement, which would, in turn, predict academic intrinsic motivation. A 2nd model, based on self-determination theory, proposed that identity and intimacy would predict academic motivation and that this relationship would be mediated by basic psychological needs. Results from path analyses supported the model derived from self-determination theory over the model derived from developmental theories. Competence and identity were found to be the 2 constructs most strongly associated with academic motivation. These findings support the view that identity formation plays a critical role in facilitating academic motivation in university.
Production, Manufacturing and Logistics Two-warehouse inventory model with deterioration under FIFO dispatching policy

In most of the literatures on two-warehouse inventory decision models, the last-in-first-out (LIFO) dispatching policy has always been assumed. This presumption, however, is not in line with the actual practice of most business entities. To enhance the freshness of merchandise or goods, businesses commonly follow the first-in-first-out procedure (FIFO). This inconsistency forms the base and main motivation for our research. In this paper, Pakkala and Achary’s two-warehouse LIFO model is first modified and then a FIFO dispatching two-warehouse model with deterioration is proposed. Comparison of the two models indicated that the FIFO model is less expensive to operate than LIFO, if the mixed effects of deterioration and holding cost in RW are less than that of OW. Finally, numerical examples are provided to investigate and examine the impact that various parameters have on policy choice. 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Re-signing: A Cultural-Historical Study of Signs for Supporting Young Children’s Development of Emotion Regulation

Recent cultural-historical literature stresses the need for understanding the role of signs in emotional development. This article examined how the signification of children’s emotions in everyday parent–child interactions creates the conditions for the emergence of intrapersonal emotion regulation. Four families with children ages 3–6 years were studied in Australia. Findings indicated that parents’ re-signing supported the emergence of children’s intrapersonal emotion regulation. We argue that the cultural line of emotional development needs to be foregrounded and the process of development theorized, thus contributing to better understandings of the process, rather than the product of children’s development of emotion regulation.
Development and Validation of a Process for Screening Referrals to Special Education

Abstract This article describes efforts to examine the validity of a screening process that provides objective data for multidisciplinary team meetings where consideration is being given to teacher referral of a student for assessment and possible placement in special education. In this study, the accuracy with which this process, called Problem Validation Screening (PVS), identified students needing an eligibility assessment was examined. All first and second grade students at a participating school were administered several screening instruments. Students who met screening criteria on any of the screening instruments, and/or who were referred by their teachers, were exposed to a more intensive package of assessment activities termed the “Criterion Assessment” along with two commonly used achievement tests (Iowa Test of Basic Skills and Woodcock-Johnson Psychoeducational Battery—Revised). Predictive power estimates are reported for PVS to quantify the accuracy and utility of PVS as a screening device.
Racial/Ethnic Patterns in Prostate Cancer Outcomes in an Active Surveillance Cohort

Introduction. Concern regarding overtreatment of prostate cancer (CaP) is leading to increased attention on active surveillance (AS). This study examined CaP survivors on AS and compared secondary treatment patterns and overall survival by race/ethnicity. Methods. The study population consisted of CaP patients self-classified as black or white followed on AS in the Center for Prostate Disease Research (CPDR) multicenter national database between 1989 and 2008. Secondary treatment included radical prostatectomy (RP), external beam radiation therapy or brachytherapy (EBRT-Br), and hormone therapy (HT). Secondary treatment patterns and overall survival were compared by race/ethnicity. Results. Among 886 eligible patients, 21% were black. Despite racial differences in risk characteristics and secondary treatment patterns, overall survival was comparable across race. RP following AS was associated with the longest overall survival. Conclusion. Racial disparity in overall survival was not observed in this military health care beneficiary cohort with an equal access to health care.
Intuition in Management Research: A Historical Review

In this historical review we chart the progress of intuition research over the past eight decades. We highlight the distinction between intuition research in management and intuition research in base disciplines and related fields, and offer a critical commentary on the ways in which the dynamic between these two historical threads has affected progress in the study of intuition in organizations. We conclude by identifying several promising new directions for intuition research, and offer a number of recommendations to intuition researchers in management which may help in taking this topic forward in ways that do not recapitulate previous errors, diversions or digressions.
Voting with One's Feet

Abstract. Unemployment on Indian reservations averages close to 45 percent, and welfare in its various forms is a more significant source of income for reservation inhabitants than employment. Given these circumstances and given the very low levels of human capital possessed by the American Indian population, there is reason to expect that higher welfare benefit levels would be attractive to Indian migrants. Based on 1990 Census data, this study empirically finds that, over the 1985–1990 period, American Indians, when making migration decisions, exhibited a strong preference for higher welfare areas. This finding lends support to the Tiebout hypothesis of “voting with one's feet” and provides support as well for the establishment of uniform real welfare levels across states.
Is PCL-R psychopathy associated with either type or severity of personality disorder?

The extent to which assessment of personality disorders (PDs), and trans-diagnostic measures of PD severity, can capture the variance in psychopathy measured by the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) was examined in 100 forensic patients with a history of violent offending. Correlational and linear regression analyses were carried out to establish whether (i) combinations of PDs would predict PCL-R scores for each of its two factors, interpersonal–affective (F1) and antisocial deviance (F2); (ii) ‘acting out’, a putative measure of externalising maladjustment that transcends PD categories, would predict PCL-R scores. Results showed that narcissistic and avoidant PDs contributed significantly to the prediction of F1, but only antisocial PD contributed to the prediction of F2. ‘Acting out’ predicted both F1 and F2, suggesting that core features of PCL-R psychopathy are embedded within and across different PD diagnoses. Results are discussed in relation to different sub-types of psychopathy described in the literature.
In vitro and in vivo responses to short‐term recombinant human insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐I) in a severely growth‐retarded girl with ring chromosome 15 and deletion of a single allele for the type 1 IGF receptor gene

Patients with single allele defects in the gene encoding the type 1 IGF receptor have been reported to have growth failure, but fibroblasts from affected patients have not exhibited insensitivity to the effects of IGF‐I in vitro. The in vitro and in vivo responses to short‐term recombinant human IGF‐I (rhIGF‐I) in a severely growth‐retarded girl with ring chromosome 15 and deletion of a single allele for the type 1 IGF receptor gene have been investigated.
Studying situated learning in a constructionist programming camp: A multimethod microgenetic analysis of one girl's learning pathway

Computationally generated data have increasingly been used to provide insights into individual students' learning in constructionist learning environments. However, such studies have either missed examining the influence of local, physical environments, or they have taken students out of the situated scenarios to study them in isolation. In this paper, we explore an expanded methodological approach in order to examine how computationally generated data insights can potentially be informed or expanded with a microgenetic approach. To achieve that, we examine one ten-year-old novice girl's learning of programming in a week-long Scratch camp, applying a microgenetic approach to analysis across multiple forms of data, from traditional observational and artifact documentation to frequent, computationally generated save data. The findings highlight the utility of this approach in identifying Mila's growing engagement with coding, as well as the iterative and social nature of her learning experiences with Scratch.
Fun Facts: Automatic Trivia Fact Extraction from Wikipedia

A significant portion of web search queries directly refers to named entities. Search engines explore various ways to improve the user experience for such queries. We suggest augmenting search results with trivia facts about the searched entity. Trivia is widely played throughout the world, and was shown to increase users' engagement and retention. Most random facts are not suitable for the trivia section. There is skill (and art) to curating good trivia. In this paper, we formalize a notion of trivia-worthiness and propose an algorithm that automatically mines trivia facts from Wikipedia. We take advantage of Wikipedia's category structure, and rank an entity's categories by their trivia-quality. Our algorithm is capable of finding interesting facts, such as Obama's Grammy or Elvis' stint as a tank gunner. In user studies, our algorithm captures the intuitive notion of "good trivia" 45% higher than prior work. Search-page tests show a 22% decrease in bounce rates and a 12% increase in dwell time, proving our facts hold users' attention.
Gabor-Based Discriminative Common Vectors for Gait Recognition

This paper presents a novel method for identity recognition based on the 2D gait representation: Gait Energy Image (GEI) which is the averaged silhouette over one gait cycle. An ensemble of Gabor kernels is first convolved with GEI to extract discriminative feature. The obtained Gabor gait representation is then projected into lower dimensional subspace using discriminative common vectors (DCV) analysis. The final classification is performed in this subspace. The proposed method is tested on the USF HumanID Database. Experimental results show that Gabor-based method can improve recognition rate, and DCV is superior to other traditional dimensional reduction algorithm in the gait recognition application.
Can Bureaucrats Really Be Paid Like CEOS? School Administrator Incentives for Anemia Reduction in Rural China

A large literature examines performance pay for managers in the private sector, but little is known about performance pay for managers in public sector bureaucracies. In this paper, we study performance incentives rewarding school administrators for reducing anemia among their students. Randomly assigning 170 schools to three performance incentive levels and two orthogonal sizes of unconditional grants, we analyze performance pay and its complementarity with discretionary resources. We find that both large incentives and larger unconditional grants reduced anemia substantially, but incentives were more cost-effective. Performance incentives led administrators to innovate by working with parents, mitigating potentially offsetting compensatory behavior among households. Strikingly, we also find that larger unconditional grants completely crowded-out the effect of incentives. Our findings suggest that performance incentives can be effective in bureaucratic environments – but also that discretionary resources can fully crowd-out their effect.
Systematic Lymphadenectomy for Survival in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Background: The role of systematic lymphadenectomy (SL) remains unclear for improving overall survival (OS) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). To evaluate the role of SL in EOC, we performed a meta-analysis for comparing the efficacy for OS between SL and unsystematic lymphadenectomy (USL). Methods: After the extensive literature search between January 1995 and December 2008, we analyzed 9 studies (2 randomized controlled trials [RCTs] and 7 observational studies) with 21,919 patients with EOC who underwent staging laparotomy including SL or USL. Results: Although SL was a favorable factor for OS compared with USL (hazard ratio [HR], 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68-0.76), the efficacy of SL on increased OS could not be determined in all-stage and early-stage EOC owing to the lack of RCTs and the deviation of weight by large-scale observational studies, whereas SL improved OS in advanced-stage EOC (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.67-0.75). Moreover, SL increased OS in patients with all-stage disease who underwent optimal debulking surgery (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.69-0.99), whereas it could not improve OS statistically in early-stage and advanced-stage diseases. However, SL showed increased OS with marginal significance in advanced-stage EOC patients treated with optimal debulking surgery (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.66-1.02). Conclusions: These findings suggest the possibility that SL can improve OS in advanced-stage EOC. However, the efficacy of SL on OS is still unknown because of the lack of RCTs, which requires more relevant studies for investigating the role of SL in EOC.