Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Apium graveolens Leaf on the Number of Sexual Cells and Testicular Structure in Rat

Background: Use of medicinal plants with high antioxidant properties could be effective to increase fertility and improvement of disorders such as hormonal imbalance, impotency, oligospermia and immotile sperm. Celery (Apium graveolens) is rich in antioxidant agents. The leaf and stems of celery contain phenols, furanocoumarin and luteolin. Apigenin is one of the main flavonoids of celery leaf. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of celery on histological properties of testis and number of sexual cells in male rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of eight rats each. Control, did not receive any medication; sham, received normal saline; and two groups received celery extract orally in dosages of 100 and 200 mg/kg/BW once every two days for 60 days. At the end, animals were anesthetized, and caudal part of the right epididymis was used for sperm counting. After fixation of testis, tissue sections were prepared and studied microscopically to evaluate morphometric (lumen diameter, number of primary spermatocyte and sertoli cell) and histological changes. Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA test using SPSS15 software. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: There was a significant increase in the number of sperms, sertoli cells, and primary spermatocyte (P < 0.05) in groups receiving extract; however, structural changes were not observed in the groups. Conclusions: It seems that celery increases spermatogenesis in male rats, but has no destructive effects on testicular tissue.
Children's production of inferences from oral texts∗

This paper is concerned with the ability of children from three grade levels (Grade 1, Grade 3, and Grade 5) to produce inferences. Two main interence types are distinguished: formal inferences, which are derived on the basis of the structure of the propositions; and inferences which are invited by the content and context of the propositions. The first two experiments deal with the production of the former formal inferences. It is shown that even young children are capable of deriving formally structured inferences if the propositions are presented in a coherent and meaningful context. The third experiment shows that Grade 1 children are as capable as Grade 5 children of producing invited inferences. It is argued that, with development, children become able to manipulate propositions per se, independent of their relationship to the child's prior knowledge and expectancies.
Exploring Anger in the Hostile Media Process: Effects on News Preferences and Source Evaluation

Most studies of news bias judgments and news consumption do not consider the likely emotional responses to news content, and theoretical arguments suggest that approach emotions, like anger, may actually motivate more, not less, news consumption. An experiment found support for hypotheses that bias judgments would positively correlate with anger responses, and anger responses would associate not only with greater criticism of the reporter but also more, rather than less, interest in additional news stories containing both identity-threatening and identity-bolstering content.
Equilibrium folding properties of the yeast prion protein determinant Ure2.

The yeast non-Mendelian factor [URE3] propagates by a prion-like mechanism, involving aggregation of the chromosomally encoded protein Ure2. The [URE3] phenotype is equivalent to loss of function of Ure2, a protein involved in regulation of nitrogen metabolism. The prion-like behaviour of Ure2 in vivo is dependent on the first 65 amino acid residues of its N-terminal region which contains a highly repetitive sequence rich in asparagine. This region has been termed the prion-determining domain (PrD). Removal of as little as residues 2-20 of the protein is sufficient to prevent occurrence of the [URE3] phenotype. Removal of the PrD does not affect the regulatory activity of Ure2. The C-terminal portion of the protein has homology to glutathione S -transferases, which are dimeric proteins. We have produced the Ure2 protein to high yield in Escherichia coli from a synthetic gene. The recombinant purified protein is shown to be a dimer. The stability, folding and oligomeric state of Ure2 and a series of N-terminally truncated or deleted variants were studied and compared. The stability of Ure2, DeltaGD-N, H2O, determined by chemical denaturation and monitored by fluorescence, is 12.1(+/-0.4) kcal mol-1at 25 degrees C and pH 8.4. A range of structural probes show a single, coincident unfolding transition, which is invariant over a 550-fold change in protein concentration. The stability is the same within error for Ure2 variants lacking all or part of the prion-determining domain. The data indicate that in the folded protein the PrD is in an unstructured conformation and does not form specific intra- or intermolecular interactions at micromolar protein concentrations. This suggests that the C-terminal domain may stabilise the PrD against prion formation by steric means, and implies that the PrD does not induce prion formation by altering the thermodynamic stability of the folded protein.
Press Releases as a Hybrid Genre: Addressing the Informative/Promotional Conundrum

Press releases are short pieces of writing issued by companies or institutions to communicate newsworthy information to the journalist community on the one hand, and to the general public (indirectly through newspaper reporting, or, increasingly, directly by making press releases available on corporate websites) on the other. While ostensibly informative, press releases also carry an implicitly self-promotional purpose, in so far as the information they contain comes from a source internal to the organization which is the object of the release itself. This paper explores the generic features of press releases and investigates the way in which they codify the different communicative purposes and multiple receiver roles which distinguish the genre. Drawing on Bhatia’s work on genre (Bhatia 1993, 2004), and building on Jacobs’s preformulating features (Jacobs 1999a), which can be seen as linguistic strategies aimed at achieving the primary and most ostensible purpose of the press release (i.e. getting the story in the news with as little manipulation as possible on the part of journalists), the paper identifies a set of moves and strategies common to the genre, and links them to communicative purposes on the one hand, and to envisioned audiences on the other. It is argued that the press release occupies a hybrid position along the informative-promotional continuum, and that identification of its communicative purpose relies as much on core as on peripheral textual features.
Organizational Creativity and Innovation in Relation to Psychological Well-Being and Organizational Factors

The two objectives of the research reported in this article were to investigate the relationship between organizational creativity and innovation and psychological well-being of employees, as well as the relationship between organizational factors and organizational creativity and innovation. Ninety-five employees working in a high-tech field of industry participated in the study. The relationships were tested in a LISREL model and the result showed a significant relationship between perceived organizational creativity and innovation and individual psychological well-being. Of the organizational factors included in the model, organizational climate and work resources were found to be significantly related to perceived creativity and innovation in the organization. Taken together, the results suggest that enhancing the conditions for creativity and innovation is beneficial for the individual in terms of better psychological well-being.
Introduction: epistemic communities and international policy coordination

How decision makers define state interests and formulate policies to deal with complex and technical issues can be a function of the manner in which the issues are represented by specialists to whom they turn for advice in the face of uncertainty. The contributors to this issue examine the role that networks of knowledge-based experts—epistemic communities—play in articulating the cause-and-effect relationships of complex problems, helping states identify their interests, framing the issues for collective debate, proposing specific policies, and identifying salient points for negotiation. Their analyses demonstrate that control over knowledge and information is an important dimension of power and that the diffusion of new ideas and data can lead to new patterns of behavior and prove to be an important determinant of international policy coordination.
A heavy work investment typology: a biopsychosocial framework

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to apply a biopsychosocial model to develop an integrated typology of heavy work investment (HWI) behaviors. Design/methodology/approach – The paper follows an inductive approach to theory building in which we review relevant constructs, categorize those constructs, and outline the relationships among them. Findings – The paper provides a theoretically grounded typology of HWI that distinguishes three general types of HWI (workaholic HWI, situational HWI, and pseudo HWI) and nine corresponding HWI manifestations. It is suggested that various forms of HWI differ in nature according to the joint interplay of varying strengths of biological, psychological, and social influences. The paper also demonstrates how the typology can be applied to predict unique individual and organizational outcomes associated with each HWI sub-type. Research limitations/implications – The paper offers a unified strong foundation for developing HWI measures. It offers a direction for future r.
Relative importance of physiological, anthropometric, and skill qualities to team selection in professional rugby league

Abstract This study investigated the relative importance of physiological, anthropometric, and skill qualities to team selection in professional rugby league. Eighty-six high performance rugby league players underwent measurements of anthropometric (height, body mass, sum of seven skinfolds), physiological (speed, change of direction speed, lower body muscular power, repeated-sprint ability, prolonged high-intensity intermittent running ability, and maximal aerobic power), technical skill (tackling proficiency, draw and pass proficiency), and perceptual skill (reactive agility, pattern recall, pattern prediction) qualities. A linear discriminant analysis was also conducted comparing those players successful in gaining selection into the professional National Rugby League team with those not selected to determine which, if any, of these qualities could predict selection. Players selected to play in the first National Rugby League game of the season were older, more experienced, leaner, had faster 10m and 40m sprint times, and superior vertical jump performances, maximal aerobic power, tackling proficiency and dual-task draw and pass ability than non-selected players. Skinfold thickness and dual-task draw and pass proficiency were the only variables that contributed significantly (P < 0.05) to the discriminant analysis of selected and non-selected players. These findings suggest that selected physiological, anthropometric, and skill qualities may influence team selection in professional rugby league.
An Evaluative Study on Building the Bridge Between the Training Room and the Workplace

A study is reported of the use of a personal journal as a tool for transferring learning from the training room to the workplace. The targeted learning event was an English for Communication training programme. This programme was an intensive four-day course that grouped together participants from the non-UK sites of the aircraft manufacturer Airbus. The methodology centred on measuring the extent to which the learners' autonomy increased over time. The global focus of the analysis was a qualitative evaluation of learner perception of autonomy and of the relative value of the evaluated transfer task. The results from one specific session of the course were compared to three other sessions that did not use the personal journal.
Models of Change and the Adoption of Web Technologies

This article illustrates how advanced theories of change are useful in understanding the actual adoption of emergent Internet technologies drawing on surveys of Nordic banks. The point of departure is Van de Ven and Poole's identification of four basic types of theories of change: life cycle, teleological (including planned change), dialectical, and evolutionary theories. These theories are shown to provide a useful framework for examining the adoption and implementation of Internet technology at different stages. Especially, it is shown how participation can be included in the models and how it connects the change motors. The analysis questions the assumption that participation always helps in overcoming resistance to change. Participation often leads to tensions and conflicts, especially when multiple motors and different change efforts are operating simultaneously. Practically, this application of change models can help in the guidance of planned change by enriching traditional diagnostic models.
New Graphic Polyglot Concept of Programming

For the first time since 1947 it is proposed to use a simpler and mathematically more rigorous concept of programming with the graphs loaded only through horizontal arcs. Such graph is a polyglot, it has ISO 8631:1989 certificate, and can be used along the entire lifecycle of programming process and working on a computer. The new concept has HUNDREDS(! ) times better characteristics from the standpoint of program compactness, memory use, promptness of entering and execution. Processes of designing the algorithms and software, processes of programming, evidence of correctness and self-documenting of software projects are significantly simplified, improved and accelerated. For the first time programming receives a rigorous mathematical basis (culture), wherein natural succession of the best practices in programming (OOP, AOP, WEB, CLOUD etc.) and, above all, continuity of the program libraries are ensured. The larger and the more logically complex is the program project, the greater is the effect of applying the new polyglot-concept. The new concept is so simple that it makes it possible to program for ANYONE, not just for programmers. This article describes the history of development and proving of the new polyglot concept of programming, its description, advantages, implemented graphical programming environment, and perspectives for application.
Internal boundaries and district administration: a challenge to decentralization and district development in ghana

Abstract. Traditional institutions in Africa and their role in a decentralized administrative framework has been the subject of analysis in recent times. However, these discussions have centred largely on political power and local control of resources, to the neglect of the challenges of local government boundary setting and its consequences for local development. Therefore, in countries implementing decentralization with existing strong chiefdoms and traditional areas of jurisdictions, such as Ghana, little consideration has been given to the effects of local government boundaries on community cohesiveness and local development. This article examines the challenges of decentralization in Ghana with particular focus on district administrative boundaries. It argues that the non‐coincidence of the ‘traditional’ ethnic boundaries, namely Traditional Areas, and the ‘formal’ district administrative boundaries of some districts as well as the absence of an integrative system of traditional and modern governance present a challenge to local and district development under the present decentralization process. The article concludes that district boundary setting should be a process of ‘negotiated contract’ between the state and communities of which the boundary is meant to create a local government territorial area of jurisdiction. This process entails that the criteria for boundary setting take into account both cultural and economic factors.
Performance evaluation of flocking-based distributed cyber-physical control for Smart Grid

A flocking-based control strategy has recently been proposed to stabilize power systems during transient instability. The flocking paradigm offers a rich understanding of the coupling and interactions between the cyber and physical system components and employs this insight to build more intelligent distributed control schemes. This article investigates the performance of flocking-based control in the presence of nonideal practical measurement, communication and storage constraints. We identify intrinsic design tradeoffs that exist between measurement parameters and communication specifications to achieve a specific level of controller performance.
An Analysis of a supervisor-subordinate trust relationship

In view of the importance of interpersonal trust as recognized by organizational scholars and the problems associated with the study of trust in organizations, the development of a conceptual model of organizational trust is essential. The aim of this study was to establish empirically the validity of a theoretically sound model of trust in the South African work context. The overall results confirmed a positive relationship between interpersonal trust, trustworthiness and successful trust relationships. The propensity to trust, as well as the length of the supervisorsubordinate relationship, however, did not prove to have a moderating effect on trustworthiness. Opsomming In die lig van die belangrike rol wat navorsers aan vertroue heg en die probleme verbonde aan die bestudering van vertroue in organisasies, is die ontwikkeling van'n konseptuele model van organisatoriese vertroue essensieel. Die doel van hierdie studie was om empiries te bepaal of 'n teoreties gefundeerde model van vertroue in die Suid-Afrikaanse werkskonteks geldig is. In die algemeen bevestig die resultate die bestaan van n beduidend positiewe verband tussen interpersoonlike vertroue, vertrouenswaardigheid en n suksesvolle vertrouensverhouding. Vertrouensgeneigdheid sowel as lengte van toesighouerondergeskikte verhouding het egter nie 'n moderende invloed op vertrouenswaardigheid getoon nie.
Determination of the orientation of an integral membrane protein and sites of glycosylation by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis: influenza B virus NB glycoprotein lacks a cleavable signal sequence and has an extracellular NH2-terminal region

The membrane orientation of the NB protein of influenza B virus, a small (Mr, approximately 18,000) glycoprotein with a single internal hydrophobic domain, was investigated by biochemical and genetic means. Cell fractionation and protein solubility studies indicate NB is an integral membrane protein, and NB has been shown to be a dimer under nonreducing conditions. Treatment of infected-cell surfaces with proteinase K and endoglycosidase F and immunoprecipitation with a site-specific antibody suggests that the 18-amino-acid NH2-terminal region of NB is exposed at the cell surface. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis to eliminate each of the four potential sites of N-linked glycosylation and expression of the mutant NB proteins in eucaryotic cells suggest that the two sites adjacent to the NH2 terminus are glycosylated. This provides further evidence that NB, which lacks a cleavable NH2-terminal signal sequence, has an exposed NH2 terminus at the cell surface.
Heterogeneity of cytokine single‐nucleotide polymorphisms among the Iranian and in the other East‐South Asian populations

summary. Cytokine gene polymorphisms may affect their transcription, influence their level of production and may be implicated in inducing susceptibility or resistance to diseases. In 40 Iranian healthy subjects, cytokine single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to determine allelic and genotypic frequencies for the following cytokine genes: IL‐1a (T/C −889), IL‐1β (C/T −511, T/C 3962), IL‐12 (C/A −1188), IFN‐γ (A/T UTR 5644), TGF‐β (C/T codon 10, G/C codon 25), TNF‐a (G/A −308, G/A −238), IL‐2 (T/G −330, G/T 166), IL‐4 (T/G −1089, T/C −590, T/C −33), IL‐6 (G/C −174, G/A nt565), IL‐10 (G/A −1082, C/T −819, C/A −592), IL‐1R (C/T pst11970), IL‐1RA (T/C mspa111100) and IL‐4RA (G/A 1902). All typing were performed with polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers assay. Significant heterogeneity of cytokine SNPs among the Iranian and the other East‐South Asian populations was observed. Heterogeneity of cytokine SNPs may explain the role of natural selection in susceptibilities of populations to different disorders.
Utilization of social science research

Researchers, as well as decision-makers and practitioners, often wonder what becomes of the results of research in the social sciences. At present in Australia, we know very little on the subject. This article reports results from a survey of academic sociologists and criminologists about the utilization of their research. It tests an empirical model that derives its dependent and independent variables from prior studies on knowledge utilization, and defines research utilization as a six-stage cumulative process. Results indicate that while there are decreasing reported levels of research utilization across the stages by practitioners and professionals, academic sociologists and criminologists report their research is more often used conceptually. Variables that distinguished respondents who report high levels of utilization were investments in linkage and exchange mechanisms. The discussion is placed in a broader context related to measuring the impact of social research and the factors that inhibit and facilitate this process.
The Evolution of Dust Opacity in Galaxies

We investigate the evolution of the opacity of galaxies as a function of redshift, using simple assumptions about the metal and dust enrichment of the gas and the distribution of dust in galaxies. The method presented in this paper uses an iterative procedure to reconstruct the intrinsic star formation rate (SFR) density of galaxies as a function of redshift, by correcting the observed UV emission for the obscuring effects of the dust produced by the star formation itself. Where necessary, gas inflows/outflows are included to dilute/remove the excess of metals produced by the stars for fixed yield. The iterative procedure converges to multiple solutions for the intrinsic SFR density, divided into two basic classes. The first class of solutions predicts a relatively large amount of UV attenuation at high redshift, with A1500 Å = 1.9 mag at z ~ 3, and smaller attenuations at low redshift (z < 1), with A2800 Å = 1.25 mag. The SFR density of this set of solutions is constant for z ≳ 1.2 and declines for z < 1.2; it resembles in shape the monolithic collapse scenario for star formation. The second class of solutions predicts relatively low-UV attenuations at high redshift, with A1500 Å = 0.75 mag at z ~ 3, and larger attenuations at low redshift, with A2800 Å = 1.50 mag at z < 1. The SFR density in this case has a peak at z ≃ 1.2. The advantages and shortcomings of both classes are analyzed in the light of available observational constraints, including the opacity of galaxies at 0 ≤ z ≤ 1 and the intensity and spectral energy distribution of the cosmic infrared background from the COBE DIRBE and FIRAS data. We conclude that both classes of models are acceptable within the current uncertainties, but the monolithic collapse class matches the available observations better than the other one. We also investigate the dependence of our solutions on the different model assumptions.