Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coupled Parametric Effects on Magnetic Fields of Eddy-Current Induced in Non-Ferrous Metal Plate for Simultaneous Estimation of Geometrical Parameters and Electrical Conductivity

Illustrated with a magnetic field based eddy-current (EC) sensor which utilizes an anisotropic magneto-resistive sensor to directly measure the magnetic flux density (MFD) generated by the EC induced in a non-ferrous metal plate, this paper presents a material-independent method for multi-objective estimation of the plate geometrical parameters and/or electrical conductivity using frequency response analysis. The model, which agrees well with a 2-D axis-symmetric finite-element analysis, relates the measured (EC-generated) MFD to three dimensionless parameters (skin depth, plate thickness, and sensor-plate distance) normalized relative to a specified coil design. Data in the material-independent model that provides the basis to investigate the parametric effects on measured MFD can be regrouped in 2-D maps for simultaneously measuring any two of the three parameters. Experimental measurements were conducted on three different materials (Aluminum, Titanium, and Titanium alloy) with different thicknesses and sensor-plate distances between 1 and 5 mm operating in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 42.8 kHz. Experimental results show that the maximum difference between the analytically computed and experimental data is in the order of 5%, and demonstrate that the method has the capability of simultaneously measuring two unknowns out of three geometrical and/or material properties using a material-independent 2-D map.
metabolic recovery after exercise and the assessment of mitochondrial function in Vivo in human skeletal muscle by means of 31P NMR

It has been suggested that the rate of phosphocreatine resynthesis after exercise is an index of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in intact muscle. To investigate this hypothesis, the time courses of metabolite recovery following mild and more severe dynamic exercise of human forearm muscle were compared by means of 31P NMR. Severe exercise resulted in greater net hydrolysis of phosphocreatine and greater intracellular acidosis than light exercise. The rate of phosphocreatine resynthesis was significantly slower during recovery from the more severe exercise. To explain this it was noted that, as a consequence of the high activity of creatine kinase in the sarcoplasm, the [phosphocreatine] at any time is a function of the intracellular pH. Calculations demonstrate that the difference between rates of phosphocreatine recovery after the two exercise protocols was primarily determined by the rates of recovery of the intracellular pH to normal rest values. It is concluded that the calculated rate of recovery of the cytosolic free [ADP] to its pre‐exercise concentration may provide a more specific measure of mitochondrial oxidative activity.
Transfer pricing as a tax compliance risk

This paper studies the role of transfer pricing as a critical compliance issue. Specifically, we analyse whether and to what extent the perceived risk associated with transfer pricing responds to country-, industry- and firm-specific characteristics. Empirically, transfer pricing risk awareness is measured as a professional assessment reported by the person with ultimate responsibility for transfer pricing in their company. Based on a unique global survey conducted by a Big 4 accounting firm in 2007 and 2008, we estimate the number of firms reporting transfer pricing being the largest risk issue with regard to subsequent tax payments. We find that transfer pricing risk awareness depends on variables accounting for general tax and transfer pricing specific strategies, the types and characteristics of intercompany transactions the multinational firms are involved in, their individual transfer pricing compliance efforts and resources dedicated to transfer pricing matters.
The Empirical Analysis of Index Effect in Chinese Stock Market: Based on the SHSZ 300 Index

Index effect is an abnormal phenomenon in the security market. It is contrary to the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) and has been well-observed in mature markets. As an emerging market, China plays a more and more essential role in the world. In 2005, first composite index—the SHSZ 300 Index, which combines Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets was launched in China and got the chasing of investors since then. We attempt to find the performance of index effect in this newly index and we are interested in whether this so-called composite index is more perfect than the traditional single-market index in China or not. Furthermore, we will determine the stage of development of Chinese stock market with an international perspective. The result exhibits that the SHSZ 300 Index has a significant index effect around announcement date (AD) and relatively weak index effect on effective date (ED), corresponded with the price pressure hypothesis. Investors can make extra profit from this effect. In the meantime, this composite index shows its superiority compared to single-market index for showing the entire stock market. On the other hand, it is still at the early stage compared with the mature market all over the word.
Does Incomplete Spanning in International Financial Markets Help to Explain Exchange Rates?

We assume that domestic (foreign) agents, when investing abroad, can only trade in the foreign (domestic) risk-free rates. In a preference-free environment, we derive the exchange rate volatility and risk premia in any such incomplete spanning model, as well as a measure of exchange rate cyclicality. We find that incomplete spanning lowers the volatility of exchange rate, increases the risk premia but only by creating exchange rate predictability, and does not affect the exchange rate cyclicality. (JEL E32, F31, F44, G15)
N-(4-Aminophenyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide

The title compound, C13H14N2O2S, crystallized with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. They both have V-shaped conformations: the dihedral angles between their benzene rings are identical [45.86 (13)°] and their C—S—N—C torsion angles are similar [67.9 (3) and 70.2 (3)°]. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by N—H⋯O and N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, generating a three-dimensional network.
Globalization and the South African Textiles Industry: Impacts on Firms and Workers

South Africa has been integrating into the global economy since the early 1990s through a rapid programme of trade liberalization. Its textile industry-an activity important in manufacturing value-added in most developing countries-illustrates the effects of this policy on firms and their employment and wage payments, which are among the most important channels through which trade shocks affect poverty in an economy. Exporting has been driven by trade liberalization, but the restructuring of firms has involved substantial falls in total textile employment, while production has stagnated. Labour productivity has increased and average real wage payments have risen. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contact dermatitis due to lignocaine

Mitsubishi Japan, Dianix Yellow FGE General Analine & Film Corporation U.S.A. , Genacron Yellow 3GE Nippon Kyaku Japan, Kayalom Polyester Yellow 3GL Dupont U.S.A. , Latyl Yellow 3GB Mitsui Toatsu Japan, Miketom Polyester Yellow 3GSL Indian Dye Stuffs India, Navileme Yellow 3G BASF Germany, Palamil Yellow 3G Bayer Germany, Resolim Yellow 3GL Fabwerk Hoechst Germany, Samarom Yellow H3GL Aziemdi Italy, Tersetile Yellow 3GL
Real-Time Risk Pricing Over the Business Cycle: Some Evidence for the UK

The fully-revised data typically utilized in empirical research do not reflect the true information available to financial market participants at the time of their decision-making. This paper uses a new real-time macroeconomic dataset to appraise the relative importance of different vintages of data on economic variables as determinants of UK stock returns using the framework of Arbitrage Pricing Theory. We find that two factors influence expected stock returns, namely unanticipated inflation and economic uncertainty, but only when measured in real-time. Moreover, their pricing influence is only present during phases of the business cycle when their associated risks are at their most prevalent.
Explaining the Adoption of E-Government Features

Recently, many studies have emerged to document how the public sector uses the Internet to provide information and services, but very few have analyzed the factors that influence the adoption decision of e-government features. This study proposes a model of innovation adoption that integrates internal organizational factors and external peer influence and empirically tests how these factors influence Iowa county treasurers’ decisions to launch a departmental Web site and adopt other e-government features. Our results show that the factors influencing these two decisions are different but that both decisions are driven by the concerns about staff resistance. The authors conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for policy makers and directions for future research on e-government development.
Entrepreneurial teams: definition and performance factors

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to stimulate future research on entrepreneurial teams (ET). Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents a literature‐driven definition of ET and model of factors influencing entrepreneurial team performance.Findings – The paper illustrates potential fruitful areas for future research on entrepreneurial teams.Research limitations/implications – A literature‐driven approach on ET provides an improved basis for future research. Modeling entrepreneurial team performance factors based on a heuristic model provides a basis for both conceptual and empirical research in the future.Practical implications – By stimulating additional research on entrepreneurial teams, this paper assists in creating a better distinction on how and why the entrepreneurial team influences new venture performance.Originality/value – Most research on ET is based on an inadequate definition of the concept. This paper adds value by presenting a literature‐driven definition of entrepreneurial team.
Single- and double-strand break formation in DNA irradiated in aqueous solution: dependence on dose and OH radical scavenger concentration.

The yields of single- and double-strand breaks (SSB and DSB) in calf thymus DNA, after 60Co gamma irradiation in dilute aqueous solution, have been determined via molecular weight measurements using a low-angle laser light scattering technique. The irradiations were administered to N2O-containing solutions of DNA in the absence and presence of oxygen and with different concentrations of the OH radical scavengers phenol, tertiary butanol, and methanol. OH radicals were found to produce SSB linearly with dose with a G value of 55 nmol J-1 and 54 nmol J-1 in deoxygenated and oxygenated solutions, respectively. DSB were formed according to a linear-quadratic dose relationship and the G value of linearly formed DSB were GDSB alpha(r.t.) = 3.5 nmol J-1 in deoxygenated and 3.2 nmol J-1 in oxygenated solution. The ratio of GSSB/GDSB alpha(r.t.) = gamma of 19 +/- 6 was independent of the scavenger concentration in the case of tertiary butanol and methanol-containing solutions. GDSB alpha(r.t.) is interpreted to result from a radical site transferred from a sugar moiety of the cleaved strand to the complementary intact strand. This process of radical transfer and subsequent cleavage of the second strand occurs with a probability of about 6 +/- 2% in the presence of oxygen at all scavenger concentrations studied. These data on scavenging capacity on GDSB alpha(r.t.) suggest that the double-strand breakage produced via radical transfer remains higher than that resulting from direct effect, up to scavenging capacities of about 10(9) s-1.
Forecast Uncertainty and the Bank of England Interest Rate Decisions

To assess the Bank of England Monetary Policy Committee decisions about the Official Bank Rate under forecast uncertainty, I estimate simple forecast-based interest rate rules augmented by the forecast standard deviations recovered directly from the Inflation Report fan charts. I find that interest rate decisions react to deviations of the medium-term forecasts for inflation from target in order to pursue the inflation target. Forecast inflation uncertainty has a strongly intensifying effect on this reaction. Information from output growth is utilized in the form of near-term forecasts. The associated forecast uncertainty of output growth has an attenuating effect on the interest rate reaction. When accounting for asymmetries in forecast uncertainty I find that forecast upward risks to inflation contribute to the intensifying effect of forecast inflation uncertainty. The corresponding downward risks have no significant impact. As regards output growth, asymmetries in the forecast uncertainty have no significant impact on the interest rate reaction at all. Moreover, I find that forecast risks to inflation have a direct effect on the interest rate decisions, in particular when inflation is forecast close to target.
On the (Fleeting) Existence of the Main Bank System and Other Japanese Economic Institutions

In an accompanying essay to be published in the same journal, Professors Miwa and Ramseyer (M&R) argue that most of the comparative corporate governance academy interested in Japan has been chasing a myth. The myth, which M&R largely attribute to economist Masahiko Aoki's influential theories tying Japanese production to a system of delegated bank and governmental monitoring, is the existence of the "main bank system" and the related institutions of lifetime employment and keiretsu groups. In this essay, I critique M&R's revisionist thesis. After a brief survey of formative events in the creation of the "conventional wisdom" about Japanese corporate governance, I present data and analysis that call into question the significance of the evidence relied upon by M&R to substantiate their claims. Next, I sketch a legal and norm-based analysis of postwar corporate governance that complements Aoki's economic perspective. I conclude that while M&R provocatively challenge several stylized facts, they do not ultimately cast great doubt on the power of Aoki's theoretical construct or the (past) existence of Japan's institutional setting for corporate governance. Interested observers can rest at ease: these economic institutions did exist. Attention can now turn to a more pressing issue: how best to replace them.
Corporate Governance Structure and Performance of Malaysian Listed Companies

This study investigates the relationship between the corporate governance structure and performance of 347 companies listed on the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE) between 1996 and 2000. We found board size and top five substantial shareholdings to be significantly associated with both market and accounting performance measures. In addition, we found a significant relationship between multiple directorships and market performance while role duality and managerial shareholdings are significantly associated with accounting performance. The result is robust with respect to controls for gearing, company size, industry membership and growth opportunities.
Material identification in x-ray microscopy and micro CT using multi-layer, multi-color scintillation detectors

We demonstrate that a dual-layer, dual-color scintillator construct for microscopic CT, originally proposed to increase sensitivity in synchrotron imaging, can also be used to perform material quantification and classification when coupled with polychromatic illumination. We consider two different approaches to data handling: (1) a data-domain material decomposition whose estimation performance can be characterized by the Cramer–Rao lower bound formalism but which requires careful calibration and (2) an image-domain material classification approach that is more robust to calibration errors. The data-domain analysis indicates that useful levels of SNR (>5) could be achieved in one second or less at typical bending magnet fluxes for relatively large amounts of contrast (several mm path length, such as in a fluid flow experiment) and at typical undulator fluxes for small amount of contrast (tens of microns path length, such as an angiography experiment). The tools introduced could of course be used to study and optimize parameters for a wider range of potential applications. The image domain approach was analyzed in terms of its ability to distinguish different elemental stains by characterizing the angle between the lines traced out in a two-dimensional space of effective attenuation coefficient in the front and back layer images. This approach was implemented at a synchrotron and the results were consistent with simulation predictions.
Business-Cycle Phases and Their Transitional Dynamics

This article examines differences in expansionary and contractionary phases of the business cycle. By extending the nonlinear Markov-switching estimation method of J. D. Hamilton to incorporate time-varying probabilities of transitions between the phases, the marginal benefits of the time-varying transition probability Markov-switching model are highlighted. Using this technique, the author documents the high correlation between the evolution of the phases inferred from the model and traditional reference cycles for monthly output data. Many of the economic variables that determine the time-varying probabilities help to predict turning points. The predictive power of standard leading indicators is evaluated and compared.
Incidence and risk factors of Clostridium difficile infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

UNLABELLED Recent changes in the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) include the identification of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as a group at risk in comparison to the general population. AIM To identify the incidence and risk factors for CDI among patients with IBD. MATERIAL AND METHODS Case-control study of 78 patients diagnosed with IBD, hospitalized at the Iasi Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology between January 2012 and -July 2014. Demographic data and clinical characteristics were reviewed for all patients. IBD patients with positive C. difficile toxins A and B tests were matched by sex, age and type of IBD with IBD patients hospitalized in the same period with negative C. difficile toxins tests. RESULTS Both groups were comparable for baseline characteristics. Of the 78 patients diagnosed with IBD included in the study, C. difficile was detected in 26 patients (33.33%). There was no statistical difference regarding length of hospital stay (10.42 ± 7.34 vs. 8.01 ± 16.14 days, p = 0.129) between the two study groups. Risk factors for CDI in patients with IBD were: ulcerative colitis (OR = 1.90, CI = 1.320-2.720, p = 0.001), use of proton pump inhibitors (OR = 1.57, CI = 1.133-2.032, p = 0.012), previous antibiotic use (OR = 2.3, CI = 1.587-3.332, p < 0.0001), and albumin < 3 g/dl (OR = 1.78, CI = 1.023-5.558, p = 0.038). Immunosuppressive and anti TNF-α treatment were not risk factors for C. difficile development in patients with IBD. CONCLUSIONS CDI in patients with IBD is a serious infection and should be treated aggressively with close clinical follow-up. Ulcerative colitis, previous treatment with antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors represent risk factors for CDI development in patients with IBD.
Strategic objectives, industry structure and the long-term stock price performance of acquiring and rival firms

An acquiring firm's strategic objective and post-acquisition stock price performance are determined, at least in part, by the industry's outlook and structure, and by the acquiring firm's market position. Acquiring-firm managers are more likely to acquire a related target firm when the industry outlook is favourable, the four-firm concentration ratio is low, and the firm is a major competitor. Related acquisitions by industry leaders are the most successful in terms of increasing acquiring-firm shareholder wealth. However, we find no evidence that acquiring firms systematically gain a competitive advantage over rival firms, when the rival firms are classified by size and competitive position.
Differences in IT Effectiveness among Firms: An Empirical Investigation

— Information is a critical asset and an important source for gaining competitive advantage in firms. The effective maintenance of IT becomes an important task. In order to better understand the determinants of IT effectiveness, this study employs the Industrial Organization (I/O) and Resource Based View (RBV) theories and investigates the industry effect and several major firm-specific factors in relation to their impact on firms’ IT effectiveness. The data consist of a panel data of ten-year observations of firms whose IT excellence had been recognized by the CIO Magazine . The non-profit organizations were deliberately excluded, as explained later. The results showed that the effectiveness of IT management varied significantly across industries. Industry also moderated the effects of firm demographic factors such as size and age on IT effectiveness. Surprisingly, R & D investment intensity had negative correlation to IT effectiveness. For managers and practitioners, this study offers some insights for evaluation criteria and expectation for IT project success. Finally, the empirical results indicate that the sustainability of IT effectiveness appears to be short in duration.
The Distribution of Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism and Apolipoprotein E Levels among Coronary Artery Patients Compared to Controls.

OBJECTIVE Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a multifactorial disease that is caused by various genetics and environmental factors. Genetically, predisposition is an important component for CAD. The candidate apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene is the most studied one. ApoE is composed of e2, e3, e4 alleles and E2/2, E2/3, E2/4, E3/3, E3/4, E4/4 genotypes. In this study, the relationship between CAD and apoE polymorphism and apoE level has been studied in Tokat region. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study population is composed of 100 CAD patients diagnosed by coronary angiography and 100 control patients of whom fifty have normal coronary angiography and fifty did not have any CAD symptoms. The serum lipid and apoE levels and apoE genotypes of all participants have been measured, and the relationship between these parameters has been evaluated. RESULTS Apolipoprotein E, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were statistically low at CAD patients than control patients (p=0.0004, p=0.0005, p=0.0107, p=0.0052 respectively). There was not any significant difference between triglyceride levels (p=0.0848). Waist circumferences were significantly high at CAD patients (p=0.0012). Allele frequencies were as e2 (7.25%), e3 (83.5%), e4 (9.25%) and genotype distributions were as E2/2 (0.5%), E2/3 (13%), E2/4 (0.5%), E3/3 (68.5%), E3/4 (16.5%), E4/4 (1%). The distribution of alleles and genotypes were not significantly different (p>0.05). ApoE levels were higher at e2 allele carriers than e3 and e4 allele carriers (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between e3 and e4 allele carriers. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the distribution of apoE genotype and allele at our region is similar to the general of Turkey. The low apoE levels in CAD patients may show the influence of apoE on CAD by local and systemic mechanisms.