Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting Click-Through Rate Using Keyword Clusters

Click-through rate is a quantity of interest to online advertisers, search engine optimizers, and sponsored search providers alike. The rate at which users click on advertisements presented to them serves as both a metric for evaluating advertising eectiv eness and a nancial tool for cost and revenue projection. To predict future click-through rate, investigators typically use historical click information since it provides tangible examples of user behavior. In some cases plentiful historical data are available and this method provides a reliable estimate. More often, however, insucien t historical data exists and creative aggregation must ll the gap. In this work, we hypothesize that dieren t terms have an inherently dieren t likelihood of receiving a sponsored click. For example, the search terms \digital camera" and \brain structure" clearly express more and less shoppingoriented intent, respectively. We seek to estimate a termlevel click-through rate (CTR) reecting these inherent differences. At times even aggregation to the term level leaves us with insucien t historical data for a conden t estimate, so we also propose the use of clusters of related terms for less frequent, or even completely novel, terms. We reviewed other broad estimates of CTR (rank CTR and query-volume decile CTR) and compared them to the estimates computed using hierarchical clusters of related terms. We found that using historical data aggregated by cluster leads to more accurate estimates on average of term-level CTR for terms with little or no historical data.
Double Elevator Palsy, Subtypes and Outcomes of Surgery

Purpose To describe the clinical manifestations of subtypes of double elevator palsy and to report the outcomes of surgery in these patients. Methods This retrospective study was conducted on hospital records of patients with double elevator palsy at Labbafinejad Medical Center over a ten-year period from 1994 to 2004. Patients were classified into three subgroups of primary elevator muscle palsy (9 subjects), primary supranuclear palsy with secondary inferior rectus restriction (4 subjects) and pure inferior rectus restriction (7 subjects) according to forced duction test (FDT), force generation test (FGT) and Bell’s reflex. Patients in the first group underwent Knapp procedure, the second group received Knapp procedure and inferior rectus recession simultaneously and in the third group vertical recess-resect or mere inferior rectus recess operation was performed. Success was defined as final residual deviation ≤5 PD and ≥25% improvement in restriction after all operations. Results Overall 20 subjects including 10 male and 10 female patients with mean age of 12.6±9.3 (range 1.5–32) years were operated during the mentioned period which included 9 cases of primary elevator muscle palsy, 4 patients with primary supranuclear palsy and secondary inferior rectus restriction, and 7 subjects with pure inferior rectus restriction. Mean follow-up was 22.0±20.0 (range 3–63.5) months. Mean pre and postoperative deviation was 32.0±8.0 PD and 3.8±8.0 PD (P<0.001) respectively, and mean restriction before and after the operation(s) was −3.5±0.7 and −2.3±1.2 (P<0.001), respectively. Success rate was 77% for correction of deviation and 80% for improvement in muscle restriction. Conclusion Surgery for double elevator palsy must be individualized according to FDT, FGT and Bell’s reflex. The outcomes are favorable with appropriate surgical planning.
Texture dynamics for neutrinos

An ansatz for mass matrix was recently proposed for charged leptons, predicting (in its diagonal approximation) $m_\tau\simeq1776.80$ MeV from the experimental values of $m_e$ and $m_\mu$, in agreement with $m_\tau^{exp}= 1777.00^{+0.30}_{-0.27}$ MeV. Now it is applied to neutrinos. If the amplitude of neutrino oscillations $\nu_\mu\to\nu_\tau$ is $\sim 1/2$ and $|m^2_{\nu_\tau}-m^2_{\nu_\mu}|\sim(0.0003 to 0.01) eV^2$, as seems to follow from atmospheric-neutrino experiments, this ansatz predicts $m_{\nu_e}\ll m_{\nu_\mu}\sim(0.2 to 1)\times 10^{-2} $ eV and $m_{\nu_\tau}\sim(0.2 to 1)\times 10^{-1} eV$, and also the amplitude of neutrino oscillations $\nu_e \to \nu_\mu \sim 2^{+4}_{-2}\times 10^{-4}$ (in the vacuum). Such a very small amplitude for $\nu_e \to \nu_\mu $ is implied by the value of $ m_\tau^{exp} - 1776.80 $ MeV used to determine the deviation of the diagonalizing matrix $\hat{U}^{(e)}$ from $\hat{1}$ in the lepton Cabibbo-Kobayashi- Maskawa matrix $\hat{V} = \hat{U}^{(\nu) \dagger}\hat{U}^{(e)}$. Here, $\hat{U}^{(\nu)}$ by itself gives practically no oscillations $\nu_e \to\nu_\mu$, while it provides the large oscillations $\nu_\mu \to\nu_\tau$.
Europe's Borders

This article argues that the social construction of the borders of Europe is the combined effect of a historical trajectory in which the construction of its outer and its inner boundaries interact. These boundaries make sense to the people because they have a narrative plausibility. On such narrative resonance, real hard borders are grounded. The idea of narrative boundary construction is embedded in a minimalist theory of identity that claims that anything can serve as a boundary within a historically specific situation. The only restriction regarding boundary construction is that a new boundary continues the narrative – either in a continuous or a discontinuous way, either as conservative caring for a tradition or as a revolutionary break with a tradition. This radical break with substantialist notions of Europe's borders and identity implies that such trajectories do not imply any necessity. Whether the European integration process is continuing an old narrative or whether it points towards a specific discontinuity in the further telling of Europe's story, is historically contingent. Europe has just to continue to tell a story about itself that makes narrative sense.
Real-time digital modulation classification based on Support Vector Machines

In this paper we investigate the use of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) approach to develop simple and efficient VLSI architectures for real-time digital modulation classification. Such simplicity and efficiency arise from the adoption of a front end block that is based on histograms. Particularly, we compare two decision schemes to solve the multiclass classification problem with linear SVMs, Pairwise and One Against the Rest (OAR), and propose an enhanced OAR scheme to improve the hit rate for low SNR values. Dedicated VLSI architectures for the three schemes were developed and logically synthesized with an industrial standard-cell flow for a 90 nm library. Functional simulation results show that the Enhanced-OAR verifier achieves up to 76% of hit rate in the 0 to 5 dB range, which corresponds to accuracy improvements of up to 162% over the OAR classifier. Synthesis results indicate a 21.8% of area overhead and 2% of power and energy increases. The results also pointed out that the Enhanced-OAR classifier is 14.1% smaller, consumes 30.1% less power and is 30.2% more energy-efficient than the Pairwise classifier, while providing up to 58.3% of accuracy improvements.
Strain-specific genes of Helicobacter pylori: genome evolution driven by a novel type IV secretion system and genomic island transfer

The availability of multiple bacterial genome sequences has revealed a surprising extent of variability among strains of the same species. The human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori is known as one of the most genetically diverse species. We have compared the genome sequence of the duodenal ulcer strain P12 and six other H. pylori genomes to elucidate the genetic repertoire and genome evolution mechanisms of this species. In agreement with previous findings, we estimate that the core genome comprises about 1200 genes and that H. pylori possesses an open pan-genome. Strain-specific genes are preferentially located at potential genome rearrangement sites or in distinct plasticity zones, suggesting two different mechanisms of genome evolution. The P12 genome contains three plasticity zones, two of which encode type IV secretion systems and have typical features of genomic islands. We demonstrate for the first time that one of these islands is capable of self-excision and horizontal transfer by a conjugative process. We also show that excision is mediated by a protein of the XerD family of tyrosine recombinases. Thus, in addition to its natural transformation competence, conjugative transfer of genomic islands has to be considered as an important source of genetic diversity in H. pylori.
Delayed care seeking for fatal pneumonia in children aged under five years in Uganda: a case-series study.

OBJECTIVE To review individual case histories of children who had died of pneumonia in rural Uganda and to investigate why these children did not survive. METHODS This case-series study was done in the Iganga/Mayuge demographic surveillance site, Uganda, where 67 000 people were visited once every 3 months for population-based data and vital events. Children aged 1-59 months from November 2005 to August 2007 were included. Verbal and social autopsies were done to determine likely cause of death and care-seeking actions. FINDINGS Cause of death was assigned for 164 children, 27% with pneumonia. Of the pneumonia deaths, half occurred in hospital and one-third at home. Median duration of pneumonia illness was 7 days, and median time taken to seek care outside the home was 2 days. Most first received drugs at home: 52% antimalarials and 27% antibiotics. Most were taken for care outside the home, 36% of whom first went to public hospitals. One-third of those reaching the district hospital were referred to the regional hospital, and 19% reportedly improved after hospital treatment. The median treatment cost for a child with fatal pneumonia was US$ 5.8. CONCLUSION There was mistreatment with antimalarials, delays in seeking care and likely low quality of care for children with fatal pneumonia. To improve access to and quality of care, the feasibility and effect on mortality of training community health workers and drug vendors in pneumonia and malaria management with prepacked drugs should be tested.
Legitimation of value practices, value texts, and core values at public authorities

A large number of Swedish public authorities produce ‘platform of values’ texts that present core values. This article presents a study of how such texts and practices, including the core values they revolve around, are legitimized. Using Van Leeuwen’s legitimation framework, three different data sets are analysed: 47 ‘platform of values’ texts, a focus group discussion with seven senior HR officers, and a quantitative questionnaire study answered by civil servants at three public authorities. The analysis shows how the existence of ‘platform of values’ texts and practices is legitimized through rationalizations, above all by describing the texts as concrete means for reaching specific ends and, with regard to the choice of core values, through a custom-conformity type of authority. Thus, this article addresses discursive transformations of contemporary organizations with a particular focus on available discursive space for critical thinking in the wake of New Public Management and related developments.
Robust Transliteration Mining from Comparable Corpora with Bilingual Topic Models

We present a high-precision, languageindependent transliteration framework applicable to bilingual lexicon extraction. Our approach is to employ a bilingual topic model to enhance the output of a state-of-the-art graphemebased transliteration baseline. We demonstrate that this method is able to extract a high-quality bilingual lexicon from a comparable corpus, and we extend the topic model to propose a solution to the out-of-domain problem.
The Impact of Using Elementary Science Specialists on 5th Grade Science Achievement Scores

American students score significantly below several other countries in the area of science achievement. With threats such as epidemics and cyber terrorism facing modern society, it is important for schools to prepare students to succeed in science. Research has shown, however, that substandard science instruction at the elementary level leaves students ill-prepared for future success in science. And, even worse, low quality science instruction in elementary school is, for some students, correlated to the loss of interest in science altogether. The purpose of this causalcomparative study was to examine the effect of using science specialists in elementary schools on science achievement scores. The author conducted an Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) to determine if there was a difference between science achievement scores in elementary schools that use science specialists as opposed to those that do not. The population consisted of 282 5 th grade students in Georgia public schools. The researcher collected data for this study from four public elementary schools’ end-of-year state assessments.
Utilization of Emergency Department by Children in Korea

This study was conducted to examine the nation-wide emergency department (ED) utilization pattern by children in Korea. Most referral hospital EDs provide their essential ED information to the National Emergency Medical Center through the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS). We analyzed the NEDIS data on pediatric visits (< 19 yr old) during three years, from June 1, 2008 to May 31, 2010. A total of 2,072,664 children visited 124 EDs during the study period, and this patient population comprised 31.2% of the total ED visits. Male patients with a mean age of 5.44 (± 5.40 SD) yr comprised 59.1% of the ED pediatric visits. Among all age groups, the 1-4-yr-old group was the largest (42.3%). The most common mode of arrival was non-emergency medical service (EMS) (90.7%), and only 4.2% of patients used EMS transport. Common chief complaints in infants were fever (37.4%), whereas many older children presented to the EDs with abdominal pain (15.4%). The ratio of disease versus injury as the cause of ED visits was 2.5:1. Most patients were discharged (81.2%), and 15.3% were admitted. In conclusion, the most common age group who are brought to EDs in Korea is 1 to 4 yr-old young children, and common chief complaints of the visiting children are age-dependent, such as fever in younger children and abdominal pain and headache in older children. We need more improved and organized emergency medicine service system for children in Korea.
Financial Valuation and Risk Management Working Paper No . 420 Stochastic Equilibria in von Neumann – Gale Dynamical Systems

The paper examines a class of random dynamical systems related to the classical von Neumann and Gale models of economic dynamics. Such systems are defined in terms of multivalued operators in spaces of random vectors, possessing certain properties of convexity and homogeneity. We establish a general existence theorem for equilibrium, which holds under conditions analogous to the standard deterministic ones. Our results answer questions that remained open for more than three decades.
Assessing the Attention Levels of Students by Using a Novel Attention Aware System Based on Brainwave Signals

Rapid progress in information and communication technologies (ICTs) has fueled the popularity of e-learning for educational purposes. However, an e-learning environment is limited in that online instructors cannot monitor immediately whether students remain focus during online autonomous learning. Therefore, this study develops a novel attention aware system (AAS) capable of recognizing students' attention levels accurately based on EEG signals, thus having high potential to be applied in providing timely alert for conveying low-attention level feedback to online instructors in an e-learning environment. To construct AAS, attention responses of students and their corresponding EEG signals are gathered on a continuous performance test (CPT), i.e. An attention assessment test. Next, the AAS is constructed by using training and testing data by the NeuroSky brainwave detector and the support vector machine (SVM), a well-known machine learning model. Additionally, based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT), the collected EEG signals are decomposed into five primary bands (i.e. Alpha, beta, gamma, theta and delta) as well as each primary band contains five statistical parameters (including approximate entropy, total variation, energy, skewness and standard deviation), thus generating twenty five potential brainwave features associated with students' attention level for constructing the AAS. An attempt based on genetic algorithm (GA) is also made to enhance the prediction performance of the proposed AAS in terms of identifying students' attention levels. According to GA, the seven most influential features are selected from twenty-five considered features, parameters of the proposed AAS are optimized as well. Analytical results indicate that the proposed AAS can accurately recognize individual student's attention state as either a high or low level, and the average accuracy rate reaches as high as 90.39 %. Moreover, the proposed AAS is integrated with a video lecture tagging system to examine whether the proposed AAS can accurately detect students' low-attention periods while learning about electrical safety in the workplace via a video lecture. An experiment is designed to assess the prediction performance of the proposed AAS in terms of identifying the periods of video lecture with high-or low-attention levels during learning processes. Analytical results indicate that the proposed AAS can accurately identify the low-attention periods of video lecture generated by students when engaging in a learning activity with video lecture. Results of this study demonstrate that the proposed AAS is an effective attention aware system, capable of assisting online instructors in evaluating students' attention levels to enhance their online learning performance.
Path shape impacts the extent of CA 1 pattern recurrence both within and 3 across environments 4 5 6

38 39 Similarities and differences in the visual content, scale, and shape of 40 environmental boundaries for two environments have been extensively examined 41 for their impact on the recurrence of spatially-specific hippocampal firing patterns 42 across environments and across multiple regions of a single environment. While 43 the shapes of paths taken through an environment are known to impact 44 hippocampal firing patterns within any single region of a single environment, it is 45 not known to what extent path shape and scale can impact firing pattern 46 recurrence across two environments and across multiple regions of a single 47 environment. This question was addressed in the present work where the 48 spatial firing patterns of hippocampal CA1 neurons were examined as rats 49 traversed differently-shaped spiral paths centered on the same position within a 50 visually-observable curtained enclosure. On such tracks, firing fields for CA1 51 neurons were found to recur across multiple sub-regions of a single path and 52 across similarly-positioned regions of different paths. Both within and across 53 different spiral tracks, the extent of such pattern recurrence was strongly 54 influenced by similarity in the specific sequences of movement directions and 55 locomotor behaviors engendered by different path shapes. The findings 56 demonstrate that the shapes of paths taken through an environment can robustly 57 and dynamically alter both the scale of spatially-specific CA1 firing fields and the 58 extent to which they recur across environments. 59
Comparing Absolute and relative Gromov--Witten invariants

This note compares the usual (absolute) Gromov-Witten invariants of a symplectic manifold with the invariants that count the curves relative to a (symplectic) divisor D. We give explicit examples where these invariants differ even though it seems at first that they should agree, for example when counting genus zero curves in a class \be such that \be\cdot D=0. The main tool is the decomposition formula in the form developed by A. Li--Ruan.
The Prevalence and Determinants of Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors amongst Adults in the Dikgale Health Demographic and Surveillance System (HDSS) Site, Limpopo Province of South Africa

Background The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in a rural community in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. Methods This survey was conducted using the WHO "STEPwise approach to the surveillance of non-communicable diseases" (STEPS) methodology. Participants were residents of the Dikgale HDSS site and standardised international protocols were used to measure behavioural risk factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable intake and, physical activity) and physical characteristics (weight, height, waist and hip circumferences and blood pressure–BP). Fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and HDL-C were determined in 732 participants. Data were analysed using STATA 12 for Windows. Results The prevalence of current smokers amongst the participants was 13.7%, of which 81.3% were daily smokers. Alcohol was consumed by 16.3% of the participants. The majority of participants (88.6%) had low daily intake of fruit and vegetables and low physical activity (66.5%). The prevalence of hypertension amongst the participants was 38.2%. Overweight, obesity and high waist circumference were prevalent in females. The cardio-metabolic risk profile was not significantly different between men and women. People who were older than 40 years, overweight or obese and those who consumed alcohol were more likely to be hypertensive. Smoking was associated significantly with older age, males, never married and divorced people. Alcohol consumption was associated with older age, males, low educational status and low income. Conclusion High levels of risk factors for NCDs among adults in the Dikgale HDSS suggest an urgent need for health interventions to control these risk factors at the population level in order to reduce the prevalence of NCDs.
The effect of an innovative teaching technique on the success and attitudes of sixth grade English language students

English language teaching is an area that the Turkish Ministry of Education (MNE) tries to enhance with utmost priority. The 21st century, also known as the Information Age, is an era during which communication is mainly established in English. The main problem encountered by students while learning foreign languages is that teachers focus mostly on correcting grammar mistakes rather than improving communication skills. This has a negative effect on students learning of English and results in the development of negative attitudes among them toward their success in English classes. The aim of this study is to identify how the Boray Technique (BT) affects sixth grade secondary school students’ levels of success in their English classes and their attitudes toward English classes. This study collects and compares students’ English exam scores, attitude scale scores, and the teachers’ opinions about students. The findings of the study showed that BT had a positive effect on both level of success and the attitudes of students toward their English classes. Key words: English language education, language learning, language teaching, English language classes.