Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE POST-MERGER MAGNETIZED EVOLUTION OF WHITE DWARF BINARIES: THE DOUBLE-DEGENERATE CHANNEL OF SUB-CHANDRASEKHAR TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE AND THE FORMATION OF MAGNETIZED WHITE DWARFS

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) play a crucial role as standardizable cosmological candles, though the nature of their progenitors is a subject of active investigation. Recent observational and theoretical work has pointed to merging white dwarf binaries, referred to as the double-degenerate channel, as the possible progenitor systems for some SNe Ia. Additionally, recent theoretical work suggests that mergers which fail to detonate may produce magnetized, rapidly rotating white dwarfs. In this paper, we present the first multidimensional simulations of the post-merger evolution of white dwarf binaries to include the effect of the magnetic field. In these systems, the two white dwarfs complete a final merger on a dynamical timescale, and are tidally disrupted, producing a rapidly rotating white dwarf merger surrounded by a hot corona and a thick, differentially rotating disk. The disk is strongly susceptible to the magnetorotational instability (MRI), and we demonstrate that this leads to the rapid growth of an initially dynamically weak magnetic field in the disk, the spin-down of the white dwarf merger, and to the subsequent central ignition of the white dwarf merger. Additionally, these magnetized models exhibit new features not present in prior hydrodynamic studies of white dwarf mergers, including the development of MRI turbulence in the hot disk, magnetized outflows carrying a significant fraction of the disk mass, and the magnetization of the white dwarf merger to field strengths ∼2 × 108 G. We discuss the impact of our findings on the origins, circumstellar media, and observed properties of SNe Ia and magnetized white dwarfs.
Timeliness via speculation for real-time databases

Various concurrency control algorithms differ in the time when conflicts are detected, and in the way they are resolved. Pessimistic (PCC) protocols detect conflicts as soon as they occur and resolve them using blocking. Optimistic (OCC) protocols detect conflicts at transaction commit time and resolve them using rollbacks. For real-time databases, blockages and rollbacks are hazards that increase the likelihood of transactions missing their deadlines. We propose a Speculative Concurrency Control (SCC) technique that minimizes the impact of block ages and rollbacks. SCC relies on added system resources to speculate on potential serialization orders, ensuring that if such serialization orders materialize, the hazards of blockages and roll-back are minimized. We present a number of SCC-based algorithms that differ in the level of speculation they introduce, and the amount of System resources (mainly memory) they require. We show the performance gains (in terms of number of satisfied timing constraints) to be expected when a representative SCC algorithm (SCC-2S) is adopted. <<ETX>>
Approximate fairness through differential dropping

Many researchers have argued that the Internet architecture would be more robust and more accommodating of heterogeneity if routers allocated bandwidth fairly. However, most of the mechanisms proposed to accomplish this, such as Fair Queueing [16, 6] and its many variants [2, 23, 15], involve complicated packet scheduling algorithms. These algorithms, while increasingly common in router designs, may not be inexpensively implementable at extremely high speeds; thus, finding more easily implementable variants of such algorithms may be of significant practical value. This paper proposes an algorithm called Approximate Fair Dropping (AFD), which bases its dropping decisions on the recent history of packet arrivals. AFD retains a simple forwarding path and requires an amount of additional state that is small compared to current packet buffers. Simulation results, which we describe here, suggest that the design provides a reasonable degree of fairness in a wide variety of operating conditions. The performance of our approach is aided by the fact that the vast majority of Internet flows are slow but the fast flows send the bulk of the bits. This allows a small sample of recent history to provide accurate rate estimates of the fast flows.
System of automated control of Hydraulic screw-down mechanisms of plate mill stand

When rolling with automated profile control is introduced at the plate mill, it imposes strict requirements to accuracy of automated gauge control. The structure of the Hydraulic Gap Control (HGC) position controller of the 5,000 mm mill is considered, it includes a fast proportional control channel and a relatively slow channel of integral position regulation. The paper provides dependencies for calculation of the controller factors. It views the principle of automated gauge control implemented in the resource of the Automatic Gap Control system of TCS stand controller. The paper offers a scheme of the gauge controller and dependencies for factor calculation. It specifies functions of the RAC regulator designed for compensation of the tensile difference (gap spacing) at the stand sides. There are results of experimental investigations of the gauge controller and RAC regulator provided. High accuracy of control of the set technological parameters and a full compensation of roller gap spacing are proved to be ensured at the settings proposed.
Effect on Trend of Coastal Geomorphological Evolution after Construction of Artificial Islands in Longkou Bay

By calculating coastal sediment transport rate and analyzing historical data in this paper, the effect on trend of coastal geomorphological evolution after the construction of the artificial islands in Longkou Bay is studied. The results show that the north coast of artificial islands is in a state of equilibrium in sediments erosion and deposition, the channel between land and islands is in strong deposited state, the coast erosion degree outside of the wave shadow zone where in the south of Jie River has been strengthened. The deposited rate caused by sediments that the Jie River carried and coastal sediment transported in the channel between land and islands is about 12.5cm/a after the construction of artificial islands.
Brain scaling in mammalian evolution as a consequence of concerted and mosaic changes in numbers of neurons and average neuronal cell size

Enough species have now been subject to systematic quantitative analysis of the relationship between the morphology and cellular composition of their brain that patterns begin to emerge and shed light on the evolutionary path that led to mammalian brain diversity. Based on an analysis of the shared and clade-specific characteristics of 41 modern mammalian species in 6 clades, and in light of the phylogenetic relationships among them, here we propose that ancestral mammal brains were composed and scaled in their cellular composition like modern afrotherian and glire brains: with an addition of neurons that is accompanied by a decrease in neuronal density and very little modification in glial cell density, implying a significant increase in average neuronal cell size in larger brains, and the allocation of approximately 2 neurons in the cerebral cortex and 8 neurons in the cerebellum for every neuron allocated to the rest of brain. We also propose that in some clades the scaling of different brain structures has diverged away from the common ancestral layout through clade-specific (or clade-defining) changes in how average neuronal cell mass relates to numbers of neurons in each structure, and how numbers of neurons are differentially allocated to each structure relative to the number of neurons in the rest of brain. Thus, the evolutionary expansion of mammalian brains has involved both concerted and mosaic patterns of scaling across structures. This is, to our knowledge, the first mechanistic model that explains the generation of brains large and small in mammalian evolution, and it opens up new horizons for seeking the cellular pathways and genes involved in brain evolution.
Role of sinoaortic afferents in modulating BP and pulse-interval spectral characteristics in unanesthetized cats.

Sinoaortic denervation (SAD) is accompanied by an increase in blood pressure (BP) and a reduction in pulse-interval (PI) variance. Little is known, however, about the effect of SAD on the complex BP and PI variability pattern, which is identified by spectral analysis. In nine unanesthetized cats in which intra-arterial BP was monitored before and 7-10 days after SAD, spectral powers (estimated by fast Fourier transform) were calculated for the low frequency (LF, 0.025-0.07 Hz), midfrequency (MF, 0.07-0.14 Hz), and high frequency (HF, 0.14-0.60 Hz) band. The very low frequency (VLF) BP and PI components (VLF less than 0.025 Hz) were also estimated. SAD increased systolic BP variance and decreased PI variance. The reduction of PI variance was paralleled by significant and marked reductions in all PI powers including the VLF components. In contrast, the increase in systolic BP variance was accompanied by a marked increase in LF power, a decrease in MF power, and no change in HF power. The VLF BP components increased after SAD for frequencies between 0.025 and 0.0012 Hz, whereas a sudden marked reduction was observed below 0.0012 Hz. Similar results were obtained for diastolic BP powers. Thus the reduction in PI variance induced by SAD is paralleled by a reduction in all PI fluctuations identified by spectral analysis. This is not the case for the SAD-related increase in BP variance, which is accompanied by an increase, no change, or even a reduction in the different BP spectral components. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A GC-rich element confers epidermal growth factor responsiveness to transcription from the gastrin promoter

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha are important determinants of mucosal integrity in the gastrointestinal tract, and they act both directly and indirectly to prevent ulceration in the stomach. Consistent with this physiological role, EGF stimulates transcription of gastrin, a peptide hormone which regulates gastric acid secretion and mucosal growth. EGF stimulation of gastrin transcription is mediated by a GC-rich gastrin EGF response element (gERE) (GGGGCGGGGTGGGGGG) which lies between -54 and -68 in the human gastrin promoter. The gERE sequence also confers weaker responsiveness to phorbol ester stimulation. The gERE sequence differs from previously described EGF response elements. The gERE DNA sequence specifically interacts with a GH4 DNA-binding protein distinct from previously described transcription factors (Egr-1 and AP2) which bind GC-rich sequences and mediate transcriptional activation by growth factors. Furthermore, the gERE element does not bind the Sp1 transcription factor even though the gERE sequence contains a high-affinity Sp1-binding site (GGCGGG).
Low-Power Transceiver Analog Front-End Circuits for Bidirectional High Data Rate Wireless Telemetry in Medical Endoscopy Applications

State-of-the-art endoscopy systems require electronics allowing for real-time, bidirectional data transfer. Proposed are 2.4-GHz low-power transceiver analog front-end circuits for bidirectional high data rate wireless telemetry in medical endoscopy applications. The prototype integrates a low-IF receiver analog front-end [low noise amplifier (LNA), double balanced down-converter, bandpass-filtered automatic gain controlled (AGC) loop and amplitude-shift keying (ASK) demodulator], and a direct up-conversion transmitter analog front-end [20-MHz IF phase-locked loop (PLL) with well-defined amplitude control circuit, ASK modulator, up-converter, and power amplifier] on a single chip together with an internal radio frequency oscillator and local oscillating (LO) buffers. Design tradeoffs have been made over the boundaries of the different building blocks to optimize the overall system performance. All building blocks feature circuit topologies that enable comfortable operation at low power consumption. The circuits have been implemented in a 0.25-mum CMOS process. The measured sensitivity of the receiver analog front-end is -70 dBm with a data rate of 256 kbps, and the measured output power of the transmitter analog front-end could achieve -23 dBm with a data rate of 1 Mbps. The integrated circuit consumes a current of 6 mA in receiver mode and 5.6 mA in transmitter mode with a power supply of 2.5 V. This paper shows the feasibility of achieving the analog performance required by the wireless endoscopy capsule system in 0.25 mum CMOS.
Prophages in Listeria monocytogenes Contain Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms That Differentiate Outbreak Clones within Epidemic Clones

ABSTRACT A fragment end ligation-mediated PCR strategy was used to analyze the AscI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of Listeria monocytogenes epidemic clone II (ECII), which led to the identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in prophage regions that differentiated the two ECII outbreak clones. SNPs in prophages that differentiated the outbreak clones of ECIII and -IV were also identified.
Benefits of Extra Begging Fail to Compensate for Immunological Costs in Southern Shrike (Lanius meridionalis) Nestlings

Theoretical models aimed at explaining the evolution of honest, informative begging signals employed by nestling birds to solicit food from their parents, require that dishonest signalers incur a net viability cost in order to prevent runaway escalation of signal intensity over evolutionary time. Previous attempts to determine such a cost empirically have identified two candidate physiological costs associated with exaggerated begging: a growth and an immunological cost. However, they failed to take into account the fact that those costs are potentially offset by the fact that nestlings that invest more in begging are also likely to obtain more food. In this study, we test experimentally whether a 25% increase in ingested food compensates for growth and immunological costs of extra begging in southern shrike (Lanius meridionalis) nestlings. Three nestmates matched by size were given three treatments: low begging, high begging-same food intake, and high begging-extra food intake. We found that, while a higher food intake did effectively compensate for the growth cost, it failed to compensate for the immunological cost, measured as T-cell mediated immune response against an innocuous mitogen. Thus, we show for the first time that escalated begging has an associated physiological net cost likely to affect nestling survival negatively.
Reduced Field-of-View Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Pancreas: Comparison with Conventional Single-Shot Echo-Planar Imaging

Objective To investigate the image quality (IQ) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of reduced field-of-view (FOV) di-ffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of pancreas in comparison with full FOV DWI. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, 2 readers independently performed qualitative analysis of full FOV DWI (FOV, 38 × 38 cm; b-value, 0 and 500 s/mm2) and reduced FOV DWI (FOV, 28 × 8.5 cm; b-value, 0 and 400 s/mm2). Both procedures were conducted with a two-dimensional spatially selective radiofrequency excitation pulse, in 102 patients with benign or malignant pancreatic diseases (mean size, 27.5 ± 14.4 mm). The study parameters included 1) anatomic structure visualization, 2) lesion conspicuity, 3) artifacts, 4) IQ score, and 5) subjective clinical utility for confirming or excluding initially considered differential diagnosis on conventional imaging. Another reader performed quantitative ADC measurements of focal pancreatic lesions and parenchyma. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare qualitative scores and ADCs between DWI sequences. Mann Whitney U-test was used to compare ADCs between the lesions and parenchyma. Results On qualitative analysis, reduced FOV DWI showed better anatomic structure visualization (2.76 ± 0.79 at b = 0 s/mm2 and 2.81 ± 0.64 at b = 400 s/mm2), lesion conspicuity (3.11 ± 0.99 at b = 0 s/mm2 and 3.15 ± 0.79 at b = 400 s/mm2), IQ score (8.51 ± 2.05 at b = 0 s/mm2 and 8.79 ± 1.60 at b = 400 s/mm2), and higher clinical utility (3.41 ± 0.64), as compared to full FOV DWI (anatomic structure, 2.18 ± 0.59 at b = 0 s/mm2 and 2.56 ± 0.47 at b = 500 s/mm2; lesion conspicuity, 2.55 ± 1.07 at b = 0 s/mm2 and 2.89 ± 0.86 at b = 500 s/mm2; IQ score, 7.13 ± 1.83 at b = 0 s/mm2 and 8.17 ± 1.31 at b = 500 s/mm2; clinical utility, 3.14 ± 0.70) (p < 0.05). Artifacts were significantly improved on reduced FOV DWI (2.65 ± 0.68) at b = 0 s/mm2 (full FOV DWI, 2.41 ± 0.63) (p < 0.001). On quantitative analysis, there were no significant differences between the 2 DWI sequences in ADCs of various pancreatic lesions and parenchyma (p > 0.05). ADCs of adenocarcinomas (1.061 × 10-3 mm2/s ± 0.133 at reduced FOV and 1.079 × 10-3 mm2/s ± 0.135 at full FOV) and neuroendocrine tumors (0.983 × 10-3 mm2/s ± 0.152 at reduced FOV and 1.004 × 10-3 mm2/s ± 0.153 at full FOV) were significantly lower than those of parenchyma (1.191 × 10-3 mm2/s ± 0.125 at reduced FOV and 1.218 × 10-3 mm2/s ± 0.103 at full FOV) (p < 0.05). Conclusion Reduced FOV DWI of the pancreas provides better overall IQ including better anatomic detail, lesion conspicuity and subjective clinical utility.
Method for Crater Detection From Martian Digital Topography Data Using Gradient Value/Orientation, Morphometry, Vote Analysis, Slip Tuning, and Calibration

Recently, all the craters from the major currently available manually assembled catalogs have been merged into the catalog with 57 633 known Martian impact craters. This paper presents a new crater detection algorithm (CDA) for the search of still uncataloged impact craters. The CDA is based on fuzzy edge detectors and Radon/Hough transform and utilizes digital topography data instead of image data. The critical parts of the method providing increased accuracy are as follows: (1) gradient-value/orientation-based techniques; (2) automated morphometry measurements of depth/diameter ratio, circularity, topographic cross-profile, rim, central peak, and radial range where the crater is preserved; (3) circularity analysis of votes in parameter space; (4) slip tuning of detected craters' parameters; and (5) calibration which partially compensates differences in morphology between small and large craters. Using the framework for the evaluation of CDAs, in comparison with prior work, the proposed detector shows the following: (1) significantly larger area under the free-response receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) and (2) significantly larger number of correct detections. Using the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter data as input, the CDA proposed numerous candidates for GT-57633 catalog extension. After the manual survey of all proposed craters and rejection of false detections, 57 592 impact craters were confirmed as correct detections. The accompanying result to the CDA is a new GT-115225 catalog.
Mode switching and subpulse drifting in PSR B0826-34

We present high-quality observations of PSR B0826-34 at 1374 MHz. The emission from this pulsar exhibits strong bursts of pulses followed by long periods of 'null' pulses. When it is strong, the radiation extends throughout the whole pulse period. We show for the first time that there is weak emission during the 'null' phases, which should therefore be considered to be a different mode rather than being null. During this weak mode, the profile is similar to that observed in the strong mode at low radio frequency. Using a phase-tracking method, the pattern of drifting subpulses during the strong mode is seen to be coherent across the whole profile. The drift rate is variable and includes positive and negative values. 13 subpulse bands have been directly observed, covering the whole longitude range. The subpulses and their spacings (P-2) are wider in one half of the profile than those in the other half. This difference, and the variation of observed P-2 within the two regions, can be accounted for if the magnetic pole is inclined to the rotation axis by about 05. These two regions appear to represent radiation from outer and inner cones. The intensity modulation of subpulses in all longitude ranges is related to the magnitude of the drift rate.
Maternal Thyroid Function at 11–13 Weeks of Gestation and Spontaneous Preterm Delivery

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the possible association between spontaneous early preterm delivery and maternal thyroid dysfunction in early pregnancy. METHODS: Maternal serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine, antithyroperoxidase, and antithyroglobulin antibodies at 11–13 weeks of gestation were compared in 102 singleton pregnancies, resulting in spontaneous delivery before 34 weeks and 4,318 normal pregnancies delivering after this gestation. RESULTS: In the preterm delivery group, compared with the normal outcome group, there was no significant difference in antithyroid antibody positivity (16.7% compared with 16.8%). In the antithyroid antibody-negative pregnancies in the preterm delivery group, compared with the normal outcome group, the median free thyroxine multiple of the median was reduced (0.94 compared with 0.99 multiple of the median, P<.001), but the median TSH multiple of the median was not significantly different (0.99 compared with 1.01 multiple of the median, P=.331). CONCLUSION: In pregnancies resulting in spontaneous early preterm delivery, there is no evidence of increased prevalence of antithyroid antibody positivity or maternal thyroid dysfunction at 11–13 weeks. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II
An F0 modeling technique based on prosodic events for spontaneous speech synthesis

This paper proposes a technique for effective modeling of F0 contours using prosodic-event-based HMM units for HMM-based spontaneous speech synthesis. The modeling unit corresponds to one of prosodic event segments such as pitch falling by accent and pitch rising by boundary pitch movement (BPM). Since the prosodic events of one phrase are generally less frequent than the changes of phonemes, the proposed unit is expected to reduce the number of model parameters of F0, which leads to robust parameter estimation. The objective and subjective experiments using spontaneous conversational speech data show that the proposed technique can significantly reduce the number of model parameters while keeping the naturalness of the synthetic speech.
Findings of the 2009 Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation

This paper presents the results of the WMT09 shared tasks, which included a translation task, a system combination task, and an evaluation task. We conducted a large-scale manual evaluation of 87 machine translation systems and 22 system combination entries. We used the ranking of these systems to measure how strongly automatic metrics correlate with human judgments of translation quality, for more than 20 metrics. We present a new evaluation technique whereby system output is edited and judged for correctness.
Cross-training: learning probabilistic mappings between topics

Classification is a well-established operation in text mining. Given a set of labels <i>A</i> and a set <i>D<sub>A</sub></i> of training documents tagged with these labels, a classifier learns to assign labels to unlabeled test documents. Suppose we also had available a different set of labels <i>B</i>, together with a set of documents <i>D<sub>B</sub></i> marked with labels from <i>B</i>. If <i>A</i> and <i>B</i> have some semantic overlap, can the availability of <i>D<sub>B</sub></i> help us build a better classifier for <i>A</i>, and vice versa? We answer this question in the affirmative by proposing <i>cross-training</i>: a new approach to semi-supervised learning in presence of multiple label sets. We give distributional and discriminative algorithms for cross-training and show, through extensive experiments, that cross-training can discover and exploit probabilistic relations between two taxonomies for more accurate classification.