Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contexts, cultures, learning: contemporary understandings

This paper addresses the general significance of the collection. It briefly and broadly traces the relation of the project's theoretical concerns to its purposes and its positioned nature. These concerns and this positioning are connected with tendencies in contemporary thought in social science theory and in research philosophy. The project's contribution to an understanding of a specific context of education is explored, as well as the contribution to researching any context of education. Research relations are examined in relation to the project's theoretical grounding while specific contributions are identified for the particular significance of their contribution to the field of education studies.
A sociocultural perspective on opportunity to learn.

INTRODUCTION The field of psychometrics has been predominant in work on testing and assessment. For the most part, psychometrics has been strongly influenced by traditional psychological assumptions about the mind and learning. Work that takes a sociocultural perspective has played a much smaller role and has heretofore made little contact with psychometrics. This chapter discusses contributions such a sociocultural perspective has to make to issues of assessment and testing, with a focus on an expanded notion of opportunity to learn (OTL). Ensuring that all learners have had equal OTL is both an ethical prerequisite for fair assessment and a solid basis on which to think about educational reforms that will ensure that all children can succeed at school. It is also a point at which mutually informing discussion can occur between people working in psychometrics and those working on sociocultural approaches to learning. This section begins with a consideration of the traditional perspective in psychology, one that views knowledge and learning through the lens of mental representations in individuals' heads (Clancey 1997). Even in this traditional view, many of the types of issues that sociocultural perspectives emphasize also arise, although in a more backgrounded way. I will then turn to a more direct consideration of sociocultural perspectives, starting with the relationship between learners and their learning environments. In subsequent sections, I will spell out this relationship in terms of the connections between learning and learners' experiences in the world; how knowledge is distributed across people and their tools; the central importance of people's participation in shared talk and social practices; and the nature of the special varieties of language used in talk and participation when people learn in content areas in school – areas like math, science, social studies, and literature.
Expression of TAP1 by human trophoblast

Successful placentation in the human is dependent on the trophoblast evading recognition and destruction by the maternal immune system. However, invasive cytotrophoblast express HLA‐G which may be able to present peptide to T cells. Transporter proteins are essential for peptide presentation and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I assembly. We have determined their expression by trophoblast in relation to HLA‐G, using immunohistochemistry. Antitransporter protein antibody (TAP1) labeling closely paralleled that of MHC class I, but the intensity of its expression was much greater on the HLA‐G+ extravillous cytotrophoblast than any other fetal or maternal tissue in the first trimester and at term. This suggests that the extravillous cytotrophoblast are very actively assembling MHC class I antigens with peptides. However, expression of MHC class I by the cytotrophoblast was not correspondingly elevated. This pattern could result from HLA‐G being shed from the surface of the trophoblast, a process which may play a central role in protecting the fetus from maternal immune attack.
Father-Friendly Policies and Time-Use Data in a Cross-National Context: Potential and Prospects for Future Research

In this article, the authors explore how data on the use of time might be used to investigate the multilevel connections between family-related policies and fathers' child care time in a cross-national context. The authors present a case study analysis of “fathering strategies” in which empirical findings from time-use data are compared with detailed policy information from Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. These analyses show that time-use data can not only shed light on the effects of specific policies in different national contexts but also point to the need to consider the complexity of multiple policies and their adoption in specific national contexts across time. The authors describe the development of a cross-national, cross-time database that combines time-use data with relevant social and family policy information, with the aim of providing a multilevel research tool to those interested in exploring further the relationships between policy and family work.
Endothelial function in HIV-infected persons.

BACKGROUND Several reports have suggested an increased risk of coronary disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients receiving protease inhibitors (PIs). Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation is a putative surrogate marker of coronary atherosclerotic disease. METHODS The present study evaluated the effect of HIV infection and antiretroviral treatment on endothelial vasomotor function, by assessing brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). A total of 75 HIV-infected patients were compared with 223 control subjects who were presumed to be HIV uninfected. RESULTS HIV-infected patients had significantly impaired FMD, compared with control subjects (mean +/- SD, 7.3% +/- 4.4% vs. 11.1% +/- 6.3%; P < .0001). When adjustments were made for smoking status, sex, and body mass index, the difference between the 2 groups remained statistically significant (P < .01). In a cross-sectional analysis of the HIV-infected patients, we found significant associations between FMD and current injection drug use, hazardous drinking, HIV load, and alpha-high-density lipoprotein triglyceride levels, but not PI therapy. In a multivariate analysis, only current injection drug use and a lower alpha-high-density lipoprotein triglyceride level were significantly associated with FMD. CONCLUSIONS HIV-infected patients have significant impairment of endothelial function, and this impairment is worse among those with elevated levels of HIV replication, particularly injection drug users.
An Investigation of Greek Firms' Compliance to IFRS Mandatory Disclosure Requirements

The paper investigates the compliance with IFRS disclosure requirements and ultimately the quality of financial statements. Using a checklist based on the IFRS disclosure requirements, a compliance score was calculated for a sample of 58 listed, non-finance, Greek firms for the 2006 and 2008 financial statements. Disclosure compliance was measured under the “dichotomous approach” and the “partial compliance unweighted method. ” Subsequently, univariate tests and a multivariate regression model were used to investigate what firm characteristics are related with disclosure compliance. Closely-held firms exhibit higher compliance rate, while disclosure compliance is not associated with firms’ profitability, leverage and size. There is a positive association between the engagement of a Big-4 international auditing firm and the compliance rate. This study can be of interest to accounting regulators who set disclosure requirements and capital market participants by providing indication regarding Greek firms’ compliance with IFRS disclosure requirements. In addition, it examines the disclosure compliance with the important disclosure items of all IFRS rather than focusing in the disclosure items of specific IFRS. By adopting both approaches proposed in literature for measuring compliance, the authors enhance the robustness of the findings of this study, while the authors provide empirical evidence concerning the extent to which the two approaches provide significantly different results. The authors found that the two methods do not produce significantly different results. Apostolos Ballas Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece Nicos Sykianakis Technological Education Institute of Piraeus, Greece Christos Tzovas Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece Constantinos Vassilakopoulos Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-6268-1.ch045
The Effects of Deficits in Health Status in Childhood and Adolescence on Human Capital Development in Early Adulthood

Abstract / Executive Summary i 1. Introduction 1 2. What Does Existing Research Tell Us About the Influence of Childhood Health on Human Capital Development? 4 2.1 Fetal Alcohol Exposure 5 2.2 Childhood Lead Exposure 5 2.3 Birth Weight 6 2.4 Breastfeeding 7 2.5 Delayed Growth and Rates of Maturation 7 2.6 Childhood Behavioural Maladjustment 8 2.7 Illness That Interrupts Education 9 2.8 Functional Limitation 9
Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Ciprofloxacin Ophthalmic Solution versus Chloramphenicol

The results of this clinical study demonstrate that ciprofloxacin ophthalmic solution 0.3% is as safe and as effective as 0.5% chloramphenicol ophthalmic solution in the treatment of conjunctivitis and blepharitis of bacterial aetiology. Both agents achieved microbiological improvement rates in excess of 90% after 1 week's treatment. On ciprofloxacin 93.5% of patients were judged clinically cured or improved versus 84.6% on chloramphenicol after 1 week. There were no serious adverse affects. One patient in each group suffered drug-related side-effects (chemosis, erythema) which resolved on discontinuation or changing of therapy. Cirpofloxacin is not associated with the rare, but serious, side effect of aplastic anaemia which is associated with chloramphenicol use. On the evidence of this study ciprofloxacin would appear to be an appropriate agent for general use as a topical ophthalmic formulation.
A Test of the Activity Deficit Hypothesis With Children With Movement Difficulties

An activity deficit hypothesis was posited that children with movement difficulties are less physically active during recess than age- and gender-matched controls without movement difficulties. Criteria used in identifying children with movement difficulties were (a) a score of at least 4 on the Test of Motor Impairment, (b) regular physical education student, and (c) age 80 to 109 months. An observational study was conducted over a 2-month period in recess settings with 52 subjects. Findings revealed that during recess time, children with movement difficulties were vigorously active less often, played less often with large playground equipment, were not observable for significantly more time, and spent less time in positive social interactions with others of their own gender. Accordingly, it was concluded that the data support the activity deficit hypothesis.
I-sharing promotes social connectedness

The current study demonstrates that I-sharing promotes social connectedness, a key outcome of mediated interaction. This implies that mobile communication applications, which provide the sense of having the same subjective experience as another person in response to a given stimulus may specifically add value to people’s well-being. The study also adds to the validity of the social connectedness construct, thereby supporting its usefulness for the evaluation and design of mobile communication applications.
Original Paper

Introduction Risk of bleeding from intracranial aneurysms varies depending on their initial size, location, positive history of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and irregularity of the sack [1–3]. The lowest risk was found for small, regular aneurysms located in the anterior circulation, especially in the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and bifurcation of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) [2, 3]. Rupture of intracranial aneurysm causes SAH, presenting high morbidity and fatality [4, 5]. Preventive treatment is possible but the risk-benefit for Changes of size and shape of small, unruptured intracranial aneurysms in repeated computed tomography angiography studies A b s t r a c t Introduction: Unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) are frequently detected in noninvasive imaging studies such as computed tomography angiography (CTA) or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). If small, UIAs are observed in these modalities in order to detect growth or shape change, but there are many questions about proper protocol of the follow-up. Aim: To assess changes of small (< 7 mm) UIAs dome size and shape in repeated CTA studies as predictors of growth and rupture. Material and methods: One hundred and ten UIAs (10 posterior circulation) in 70 patients (55 women) were observed , with a cumulative observation time of 333.32 years. Aneurysms' dome and neck perpendicular dimensions were measured in the first and the last CTA study at least twice with the developed application. Confidence intervals (CI) for measurements and dome shape parameters were calculated. For aneurysms ruptured during follow-up intermediate studies were analyzed. Patients' clinical information was recorded. The aneurysm growth detection algorithm integrated CI and spatial resolution of the CT scanner. Results: Twenty-three aneurysms increased in volume, 10 in height and 14 in dome width. Volume increased in 90% of cases of height and 93% of width increase. Posterior circulation aneurysms grew faster than anterior ones (p < 0.003), but calculated time to significant size increase (eT) did not differ between the groups due to higher CI in the posterior circulation. Analysis of eT with Kaplan-Meier curves showed that 75% of growing aneurysms could be detected in the first 3 years of observation. During the follow-up 3 aneurysms bled, and they grew faster than other growing aneurysms. Two of the bleeding aneurysms formed daughter sacs. Conclusions: Dome volume assessment is superior to single dimension assessment in aneurysm growth detection. Confidence intervals assessment helps to avoid overestimation of growth. Seventy-five percent of growing …
The Role of Top Management in Developing a Customer-Oriented Sales Force

A national random sample of industrial salespeople was surveyed to examine the effects of salespeople’s perceptions of top management long-term orientation, top management emphasis, and top management risk aversion on customer-oriented selling behaviors. The results indicated that perceived top management long-term orientation had a significantly positive effect on perceived top management emphasis and a significantly negative effect on perceived top management risk aversion. In turn, perceived top management emphasis positively affected customer-oriented selling, whereas perceived top management risk aversion did not affect customer-oriented selling. The study underscores the importance of salespeople’s perceptions of top management factors for implementing the marketing concept. The managerial implications of these findings are discussed and several directions for future research are proposed.
An Axiomatic Model of Non-Bayesian Updating

This paper models an agent in a three-period setting who does not update according to Bayes'Rule, and who is self-aware and anticipates her updating behavior when formulating plans. The agent is rational in the sense that her dynamic behavior is derived from a single stable preference order on a domain of state-contingent menus of acts. A representation theorem generalizes the (dynamic version of) Anscombe-Aumann's theorem so that both the prior and the way in which it is updated are subjective.
Disclosure und wahrgenommene gesellschaftliche Wertschätzung als Opfer als Prädiktoren von PTB bei Kriminalitätsopfern

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Traumatisierte fuhlen sich oft ungenugend unterstutzt und wertgeschatzt und ziehen sich von zwischenmenschlichen Kontakten zuruck. Es wird angenommen, dass dies die Traumaverarbeitung und Genesung von der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstorung (PTB) verhindern kann. Fragestellungen: Lasst sich PTB-Symptomatik durch interpersonelle Variablen vorhersagen? Besitzen diese Variablen zusatzlichen Erklarungswert zu schon bekannten PTB-Pradiktoren? Methode: Mittels Fragebogenstudie wurden zwei interpersonelle Konzepte “Gesellschaftliche Wertschatzung als Opfer/Uberlebender“ und “Offenlegen traumatischer Erfahrungen (Disclosure)“ zusammen mit posttraumatischen kognitiven Veranderungen (PTCI - Foa, Ehlers, Clark, Tolin & Orsillo, 1999) bei 151 Kriminalitatsopfern untersucht. Daneben wurden Traumacharakteristika, PTB-Symptomatik (IES-R), allgemeine Psychopathologie (BSI), Gesundheitsstatus (SF-36), und soziale Unterstutzung (F-SozU) erhoben. Ergebnisse: Disclosure und gesells.
The Development and Concurrent Validity of the Procrastination Scale

The purpose of this study was to develop a self-report measure of procrastination tendencies and to investigate its relationship to a behavioral measure of procrastination and to a self-report measure of general self-efficacy. In a pilot study, the 72-item scale in a 4-point Likert-type response format was developed and administered to 50 college juniors and seniors. A factor analysis of the results yielded two factors which formed the basis for reducing the scale to 35 items with a resulting reliability of . 90. The relationship between scores on the 35-item instrument and performance on a self-regulated performance task called the Voluntary Homework System (VHS) yielded a correlation of -. 54, and a coefficient of -. 47 was observed between the 35-item scale and the General Self-Efficacy Test (GSE; both correlations of p < .001). The correlation between GSE and VHS scores was . 29 (p < .05). In a subsequent study of 183 college students, a factor analysis of scores on the 35-item scale yielded a single-factor structure and a condensed scale of 16 items with a reliability of . 86. This shortened version of the procrastination scale was recommended for use as a means of detecting students who may tend to procrastinate in the completion of college requirements.
Testing the evolution of cooperation through network reciprocity under difierent imitation strategies

One of the interesting extensions of evolutionary game theory is to limit the possible interactions of each agent to only the subset of population, mainly to those agents belonging to the spatial or social neighborhood of the particular individual. In our article we extend existing literature on the evolutionary games on the networks by examining how both the network topologies and the mechanisms, in our case imitation strategies, through which particular behavior spreads in the population afiect the evolutionary dynamics of the game. Our agent-based computational experiments show that both the interaction structure and the way how agents choose to imitate the others strongly in∞uence the dynamics of the game.
Kenya ’ s Trade Liberalization of the 1980 s and 1990 s : Policies , Impacts , and Implications

As one of the first countries to sign a Structural Adjustment Loan with the World Bank, Kenya spent much of the 1980s and 1990s liberalizing its economy. This reform program included significant changes in trade policy, as the country’s post-colonial import substitution policies were replaced with an outward-looking, export promotion program. Though the country achieved targeted successes in the horticulture and apparel industries, overall Kenya’s trade liberalization failed to produce sustained growth, promote decent employment opportunities, or lessen the incidence of poverty and inequality. As the country shapes its future trade policy, an effort to coordinate trade with other development strategies, to balance between global and regional trade integration, and to focus on job creation can help Kenya maximize the benefits from trade.
Post‐traumatic stress symptoms and cortisol patterns among police officers

Purpose – The purpose of the present study is to examine associations between post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and salivary cortisol parameters.Design/methodology/approach – PTSD symptoms and cortisol responses were measured in a random sample of 100 police officers. The impact of event scale (IES) categorized into subclinical, mild, moderate and severe levels was employed to measure PTSD symptoms. Cortisol was analyzed from saliva samples over a period of three days and included an awakening response, high protein lunch challenge, whole day (diurnal), and a dexamethasone suppression test (DST). Findings – Officers in moderate and severe PTSD symptom categories had higher mean awakening cortisol values. A significant sample‐time by PTSD interaction (p=0.008) was found for awakening cortisol responses. Officers in the severe PTSD symptom category showed a blunted response to the cortisol protein meal challenge compared to those in lower PTSD categories. Diurnal cortisol levels suggested an inc.
Helicobacter pylori outer membrane proteins and gastroduodenal disease

Background and aims: A number of Helicobacter pylori outer membrane proteins (OMPs) undergo phase variations. This study examined the relation between OMP phase variations and clinical outcome. Methods: Expression of H pylori BabA, BabB, SabA, and OipA proteins was determined by immunoblot. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the relation among OMP expression, clinical outcome, and mucosal histology. Results:H pylori were cultured from 200 patients (80 with gastritis, 80 with duodenal ulcer (DU), and 40 with gastric cancer). The most reliable results were obtained using cultures from single colonies of low passage number. Stability of expression with passage varied with OipA > BabA > BabB > SabA. OipA positive status was significantly associated with the presence of DU and gastric cancer, high H pylori density, and severe neutrophil infiltration. SabA positive status was associated with gastric cancer, intestinal metaplasia, and corpus atrophy, and negatively associated with DU and neutrophil infiltration. The Sydney system underestimated the prevalence of intestinal metaplasia/atrophy compared with systems using proximal and distal corpus biopsies. SabA expression dramatically decreased following exposure of H pylori to pH 5.0 for two hours. Conclusions: SabA expression frequently switched on or off, suggesting that SabA expression can rapidly respond to changing conditions in the stomach or in different regions of the stomach. SabA positive status was inversely related to the ability of the stomach to secrete acid, suggesting that its expression may be regulated by changes in acid secretion and/or in antigens expressed by the atrophic mucosa.