Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
History and Contribution of Organizational Behavior Management to Services for Persons with Developmental Disabilities

ABSTRACT This article traces the development of the field of organizational behavior management (OBM) from its origins in early behavior modification studies, the development of a technology for modifying staff behavior, to recent developments in the evolution of cultures. An ecological model of staff behavior is outlined using Bronfenbrenner's (1979) ecological model of human development. The technology used to modify staff behavior is briefly reviewed. In the final section recommendations for managers and researchers are made. Managers should be aware that there is an effective technology for modifying a wide range of staff behaviors that can be implemented both in response to crises and during routine management. Future research on OBM should address three major concerns. First, OBM should broaden the scope of its enquiry beyond the immediate staff and consumer dyad to include analysis of and intervention upon the entire ecosystem within which the consumer's behavior occurs. Second, the issue of integr.
The impact of development aid on education and health: Survey and new evidence from dynamic models

We investigate the impact of aggregate aid, earmarked aid, committed or disbursed, on social indicators in health and education. A literature review shows that for earmarked aid use of commitment data mostly leads to insignificant results; use of disbursement data mostly leads to significantly favourable results; panel data models including lagged dependent variables lead to significantly favourable results for at least one form of aid unless only commitment data are used. In our own analysis of effects of aggregate aid per capita on life expectancy and literacy we find from detailed analysis of lag structures that the data for literacy and life expectancy in dynamic panel data models should be taken in the form of growth rates. Growth rates of aid per capita are shown to have significantly favourable effects on the growth rates life expectancy. Growth rates or levels of aid per capita may reduce growth rates of illiteracy in system GMM estimates.
Serial Organization in the Recall of Disconnected Items

In the recall of any series of discrete verbal items, the probability of recall for any given item depends upon the position of that item in the series. The exact form of the relationship between position and probability of recall depends upon the way in which the items are memorized and the organization within the series of items. If the items are unrelated and the method of presentation and recall is by serial anticipation, the classical serial position curve results. That is to say, the early items have the highest probability of recall, the last items the next highest and the middle items the least. If presentation is serial but recall is unrestricted as to order, the highest probability of recall is usually at the end of the list, the next highest at the beginning and the lowest probability of recall in the middle of the list. Thus, the serial position curves for serial anticipation and free recall are roughly mirror images of one another ( 4 , 6 ) . 9
Robustness Analysis for Scheduling Problems Using the Inverse Method

Given a Parametric Timed Automaton (PTA) A and a reference valuation for timings, the Inverse Method (IM) synthesizes a constraint around the reference valuation where A behaves in the same time-abstract manner. This provides us with a quantitative measure of robustness of the behavior of A around the reference valuation. We show in this paper how IM can be applied in a specific way to treat the robustness of scheduling systems. We also explain how to use the method in order to synthesize large zones of the timing parameter space where the system is guaranteed to be schedulable. We illustrate the method on several examples of the literature as well as a case study originating from an industrial design project.
TeleHealth Improves Diabetes Self-Management in an Underserved Community

OBJECTIVE To conduct a 1-year randomized clinical trial to evaluate a remote comprehensive diabetes self-management education (DSME) intervention, Diabetes TeleCare, administered by a dietitian and nurse/certified diabetes educator (CDE) in the setting of a federally qualified health center (FQHC) in rural South Carolina. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants were recruited from three member health centers of an FQHC and were randomized to either Diabetes TeleCare, a 12-month, 13-session curriculum delivered using telehealth strategies, or usual care. RESULTS Mixed linear regression model results for repeated measures showed a significant reduction in glycated hemoglobin (GHb) in the Diabetes TeleCare group from baseline to 6 and 12 months (9.4 ± 0.3, 8.3 ± 0.3, and 8.2 ± 0.4, respectively) compared with usual care (8.8 ± 0.3, 8.6 ± 0.3, and 8.6 ± 0.3, respectively). LDL cholesterol was reduced at 12 months in the Diabetes TeleCare group compared with usual care. Although not part of the original study design, GHb was reduced from baseline to 12 and 24 months in the Diabetes TeleCare group (9.2 ± 0.4, 7.4 ± 0.5, and 7.6 ± 0.5, respectively) compared with usual care (8.7 ± 0.4, 8.1 ± 0.4, and 8.1 ± 0.5, respectively) in a post hoc analysis of a subset of the randomized sample who completed a 24-month follow-up visit. CONCLUSIONS Telehealth effectively created access to successfully conduct a 1-year remote DSME by a nurse CDE and dietitian that improved metabolic control and reduced cardiovascular risk in an ethnically diverse and rural population.
The Use of SRQ-20 in Primary Care Situations

Depression: Distress or Disease? D@. it Sat, Professor Brown and his colleagues (Journal, December 1985, 147, 612â€”622) are right to suggest that many ofthe affective disorders seen by psychia trists are clearly related to psychosocial adversity. The other part of their argument, that â€ ̃¿ cases' in the community do not differ greatly in severity from those seen by psychiatrists, is questionable. Symptoms are widely distributed in members of the general population; many people have a few symptoms but few have many. This distribution is curvilinear, without points of discontinuity. Wherever we decide to place the threshold for defin ing cases, provided an appreciable proportion of the population is so recognised, the severity distribution of cases is likely to reflect the underlying distribution of symptoms. In other words, most cases will be mild, a few severe. This has been noted in every community survey using the PSE-ID-CATEGO system that has provided such details, and is independent of the actual prevalence quoted. Brown and his colleagues argue for similarity in severity between cases in the community and among patients. They do so on the basis of their findings in the Islington community and those reported by Sashidharan (1985) from his series of patients in Edinburgh. This would be justifiable only if the thresholds used in the two studies were the same. Both report results using the PSE-ID-CATEGO system, so the symptom ratings are combined in the same way to construct thresholds for case recognition. How ever, the criteria for recogrnsing symptoms might well have been stricter in the Edinburgh study than in the Islington survey. Certainly the reported population prevalences in the Edinburgh survey are far lower (3.9% using the Bedford College case definition; Dean et al, 1983) than those reported in Islington (17%) or by the same team in Camberwell (15%â€”Brown & Harris, 1978). Moreover, the criteria for symptom recognition among the patients who form the basis of Sashidharan's paper (1985) could well be even stricter, as these were based on interviews by psychiatrists, whereas the Edinburgh community survey was carried out by lay inter viewers. It is known that psychiatrists tend to have stricter criteria (Wing eta! , 1977; Sturt et al, 1981). An appropriate test of the hypothesis can be made if data are collected by the same interviewing team from a sample of the general population and from a comparison group of local psychiatric patients. There is such a study, although it is not mentioned by Brown and his colleagues (Wing et a! , 1981). Unlike that of Sashidharan (1985) this comparison was based on the full 140-item PSE, and demon strated marked differences in severity between patients and cases in the Camberwell community, defined as 1D5 and above (Wing et al, 1978). It is possible that we were rating symptoms more strictly than the Bedford College group, as our case prevalence based on Bedford College criteria was around 8.0%. Lowering our threshold for identifying symptoms would have increased the prevalence, but itwould alsohave made thedisorders inpatients seem more severe.
The reproductive season of Newfoundland caribou.

The length of estrus, length of the estrous cycle, dates of breeding and calving, and length of gestation were investigated for Newfoundland caribou (Rangifer tarandus). The length of heat was about 48 h and the length of the estrous cycle was thought to be 10–12 days. Breeding observed during 5 years occurred between October 9 and October 19. In 6 years of observations, 90% of the calves were born in about a 12-day period, usually between May 24 and June 5. Information is provided on the weight of calves at birth. The gestation for four wild females with adequate winter diet was 229 days.
Recategorized WISC-R Scores of Disabled and Adequate Readers.

AbstractThe relationship of Bannatyne’s WISC-R recategorized factors to reading was investigated. Factor profiles of 190 subjects, grouped by reading achievement, age (6-16 years), and IQ level, were compared. Evidence was stronger for an adequate-reader than for a disabled-reader profile. The most frequent characteristic of disabled readers was a low Sequential score. Forty percent of disabled readers and 18% of adequate readers demonstrated the Spatial > Conceptual > Sequential profile associated with dyslexia by previous researchers. A warning was given against using this profile to classify or predict.
Product Innovation in a Vertically Differentiated Model

We study the licensing incentives of an independent input producer owning a patented product innovation which allows the downstream firms to improve the quality of their final goods. We consider a general two-part tariff contract for both outside and incumbent innovators. We find that technology diffusion critically depends on the nature of market competition (Cournot vs. Bertrand). Moreover, the vertical merger with either downstream firm is always privately profitable and it is welfare improving for large innovations: this implies that not all profitable mergers should be rejected.
Can the F‐Response be Volitionally Repressed during Functional Electrical Stimulation?

Objective The purpose of this study was to test if the F‐response can be repressed volitionally. Normally, the F‐response is used for clinical diagnostics but it also has an important influence on the design of a neural prosthesis involving functional electrical stimulation (FES) and the use of volitional myoelectric signal (MES) for control.
Inoculated Cell Density as a Determinant Factor of the Growth Dynamics and Metastatic Efficiency of a Breast Cancer Murine Model

4T1 metastatic breast cancer model have been widely used to study stage IV human breast cancer. However, the frequent inoculation of a large number of cells, gives rise to fast growing tumors, as well as to a surprisingly low metastatic take rate. The present work aimed at establishing the conditions enabling high metastatic take rate of the triple-negative murine 4T1 syngeneic breast cancer model. An 87% 4T1 tumor incidence was observed when as few as 500 cancer cells were implanted. 4T1 cancer cells colonized primarily the lungs with 100% efficiency, and distant lesions were also commonly identified in the mesentery and pancreas. The drastic reduction of the number of inoculated cells resulted in increased tumor doubling times and decreased specific growth rates, following a Gompertzian tumor expansion. The established conditions for the 4T1 mouse model were further validated in a therapeutic study with peguilated liposomal doxorubicin, in clinical used in the setting of metastatic breast cancer. Inoculated cell density was proven to be a key methodological aspect towards the reproducible development of macrometastases in the 4T1 mouse model and a more reliable pre-clinical assessment of antimetastatic therapies.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Pantoprazole Compared with Misoprostol for the Prevention of NSAID-Related Gastrointestinal Lesions and Symptoms in Rheumatic Patients

Aim: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of pantoprazole 20 mg once daily (o.d.) with misoprostol 200 µg twice daily (b.i.d.), administered for 6 months to rheumatic patients who required long-term therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and who were at increased risk of developing gastrointestinal lesions. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, multicenter, parallel group comparison study was performed with rheumatic patients (n = 515) who were likely to take NSAIDs continuously for at least 6 months. Patients were 55 years or older, at risk to develop gastrointestinal lesions, had less than five erosions/petechiae in the stomach and duodenum, no ulcers, no reflux esophagitis (endoscopy-proven), and gastrointestinal symptoms of at most moderate intensity. A minimum daily dose was defined for NSAIDs (COX-2 inhibitors were not available at the time). Patients were randomized to take either pantoprazole 20 mg o.d. (n = 257) or misoprostol 200 µg b.i. d. (n = 258) for 6 months while continuing NSAID therapy. Endoscopy was performed at baseline, 3, and 6 months. Results: Pantoprazole was superior to misoprostol (p < 0.001) with regard to ‘therapeutic failure’ (occurrence of a peptic ulcer, ten or more erosions/petechiae in the stomach/duodenum, reflux esophagitis, severe gastrointestinal symptoms, and/or ‘likely’ or ‘definitely’ related adverse event leading to study termination). Estimated remission rates at 3 and 6 months (Kaplan-Meier life-table analysis) were, respectively, 93 and 89% (pantoprazole) and 79 and 70% (misoprostol). Pantoprazole was superior to misoprostol (p = 0.005) with regard to ‘endoscopic failure’ (occurrence of a peptic ulcer, ten or more erosions/petechiae in the stomach/duodenum, or reflux esophagitis) after 6 months. Estimated remission rates at 3 and 6 months were, respectively, 98 and 95% (pantoprazole) and 95 and 86% (misoprostol). Patients discontinuing the study early due to adverse events ‘likely’ or ‘definitely’ related to the study drug accounted for 13/257 (5%) in the pantoprazole and 33/258 (13%) in the misoprostol treatment groups. Conclusion: Pantoprazole 20 mg o.d. is superior to misoprostol 200 µg b.i. d. in the prevention of NSAID-induced gastrointestinal lesions and symptoms in patients on continuous long-term treatment with NSAIDs due to rheumatic diseases and at risk to develop such lesions or symptoms.
Processo de adaptação de aparelho de amplificação sonora individual: elaboração de um DVD para auxiliar a orientação a indivíduos idosos

PURPOSE: To study the difficulties faced by hearing impaired elderly patients related to the use of hearing aids, and to elaborate a didactic material on DVD, containing information about the use and handling of the hearing aid. METHODS: Ten elderly subjects, with ages ranging from 65 to 80 years, new users of hearing aids with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss participated in the study. After the adjustment period, a multiple choice questionnaire was applied to assess the difficulties they faced. RESULTS: Results showed that in the adaptation process with their hearing aids, elderly subjects have more difficulty to use and handle the apparatus and, mainly, to insert and remove the earmolds. Based on these results, a didactic material containing important information about using and handling hearing aids were elaborated on DVD. CONCLUSION: After considering the difficulties presented by hearing impaired elderly patients, it is important to emphasize the need for didactic material regarding orientation and adaptation of the hearing aids, in order to improve the use of amplification.
The Influence of Symbolic Rehearsal upon the Retention of a Maze Habit

Resume On a fait cette experience dans le but de determiner si la repetition symbolique d'une habitude motrice, interpolee dans la periode entre l'apprentissage et le reapprentissage, aide la retention apres sept jours. Trois groupes, chacun de vingt sujets, rendus egaux a l'egard de l'âge et de la capacite a apprendre, ont appris et reappris un labyrinthe dans des conditions comparables. On a dit a un groupe de dessiner la forme du labyrinthe le plus souvent possible dans l'intervalle entre l'apprentissage et le reapprentissage. Cinq des dessins ont ete faits immediatement apres l'apprentissage et cinq immediatement avant le reapprentissage. On a dit a un autre groupe de penser a la forme du labyrinthe le plus souvent possible dans l'intervalle, mais ni de dessiner ni de tracer sa forme. On a dit au troiseme groupe de ne pas penser a la forme dans l'intervalle. On a obtenu des rapports verbaux des activites pendant les periodes de l'apprentissage, du reapprentissage, et de la repetition. On a constate qu.
The use and abuse of ‘community’ and ‘neighbourhood’ within disability research: an exposé, clarification, and recommendation

Abstract Almost invariably in the disability literature, the terms ‘neighbourhood’ and ‘community’ are used as though they have some commonly understood meaning. They do not, and authors rarely offer a definition. This problem adds opacity to the literature describing people’s living environment and the nature of their interaction with others living in the same area. This ambiguity becomes crucial to understanding when these terms are linked to other vague, but emotionally-charged words, such as ‘inclusion’ or ‘integration’. This review presents some of the ways ‘neighbourhood’ and ‘community’ may be correctly employed. It also explores the theoretical basis for understanding how and why their use may be misleading. Finally, it is demonstrated that the assumed relevance of neighbourhood participation for life quality has been greatly exaggerated. We recommend that authors carefully define their use of these terms in order to facilitate understanding free from emotional bias.
A Comparison of Expert Ratings and Self-Assessments of Situation Awareness During a Combat Fatigue Course

The current study compared expert-observer ratings of situation awareness (SA) with subjective self-ratings of SA in Norwegian military academy cadets during a summer combat survival course. The cadets (N = 30) completed an 8-day combat survival course characterized by sleep and food deprivation, continuous operations, and altered circadian entrainment cues. Results indicated that self-ratings of SA did not correlate consistently with expert-observer SA ratings, and self-ratings were consistently higher than expert-observer ratings. The results are congruent with expected effects of these extreme conditions on cognition and self-awareness, demonstrate a pronounced self-enhancement bias and suggest that subjective measures of SA are not likely to provide valid estimates of SA under extreme conditions.
Simulation-based optimization of Markov reward processes

We propose a simulation-based algorithm for optimizing the average reward in a Markov reward process that depends on a set of parameters. As a special case, the method applies to Markov decision processes where optimization takes place within a parametrized set of policies. The algorithm involves the simulation of a single sample path, and can be implemented online. A convergence result (with probability 1) is provided.
The Validity of Admissions Predictions: Implications for Social Work Education

Abstract This study of the validity of admissions predictions made by the full-time faculty of a school of social work showed some capacity of the faculty to predict classroom performance, but no ability to predict field performance. Interjudge reliability for the group was low, with an overall reliability coefficient of . 47. Nearly half the faculty could significantly predict classroom performance, however, there was a strong tendency toward negative correlation between admissions ratings and field performance, particularly by field instruction faculty. The pooled judgments of three faculty raters were shown not to have any significant advantage over average individual judgments in validity terms.
On Multiple-Input Multiple-Output OFDM with Index Modulation for Next Generation Wireless Networks

Multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (MIMO-OFDM-IM) is a novel multicarrier transmission technique which has been proposed recently as an alternative to classical MIMO-OFDM. In this scheme, OFDM with index modulation (OFDM-IM) concept is combined with MIMO transmission to take advantage of the benefits of these two techniques. In this paper, we shed light on the implementation and error performance analysis of the MIMO-OFDM-IM scheme for next generation 5G wireless networks. Maximum likelihood (ML), near-ML, simple minimum mean square error (MMSE) and ordered successive interference cancellation (OSIC) based MMSE detectors of MIMO-OFDM-IM are proposed, and their theoretical performance is investigated. It has been shown via extensive computer simulations that MIMO-OFDM-IM scheme provides an interesting tradeoff between error performance and spectral efficiency as well as it achieves considerably better error performance than classical MIMO-OFDM using different type detectors and under realistic conditions.
Airway molecular endotypes of asthma: dissecting the heterogeneity

Purpose of reviewThis review will cover advances over the past year in defining airway endotypes in asthma by gene expression and the relationship between these endotypes and clinical traits. Recent findingsExpression profiling studies of asthmatic airway samples continue to reveal significant heterogeneity in airway inflammation and dysfunction. Recent studies have indicated multiple distinct, but related Th2 inflammatory asthma endotypes. Moreover, novel biomarkers of Th2 inflammation are being identified in more accessible nasal brushing and induced sputum cell samples. New data suggest the presence of multiple non-Th2-driven asthma molecular endotypes, including ones related to neutrophilic inflammation, airway remodeling, and chemosensory dysfunction. Many of these endotypes are associated with clinical disease features and treatment response. SummaryMolecular endotyping of asthmatic patients using gene expression profiling of airway samples is helping to uncover disease mechanisms and potential novel treatment targets. The advancement of endotyping methods holds the promise of future personalized treatment for asthma.
Framing Punishment: Incarceration, Recommended Sentences, and Recidivism

No consensus has emerged about how, or even if, incarceration affects the behavior of convicted offenders. One unexplored mechanism involves the possibility that the disutility of punishment is affected by both the actual punishment an offender receives and the sentence that he thinks could have been given, a psychological effect known as framing. We test for framing effects in punishment by exploiting a legal change in Maryland that altered recommended, but not actual, sentences for a subset of offenders. Using an individual-level data set of convictions, incarceration, and arrests, we find that longer recommended sentences are associated with higher rates of recidivism, conditional on actual punishment. Our results suggest that large discrepancies between the “bark” and “bite” of the criminal justice system may make incarceration less effective at reducing crime.