Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Sigmoidal Feedforward Artificial Neural Networks and Radial Basis Function Networks Approach for Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks

— With the increasing use and application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), need has arisen to explore them in more effective and efficient manner. An important area which can bring efficiency to WSNs is the localization process, which refers to the estimation of the position of wireless sensor nodes in an ad hoc network setting, in reference to a coordinate system that may be internal or external to the network. In this paper, we have done comparison and analysed Sigmoidal Feedforward Artificial Neural Networks (SFFANNs) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) networks for developing localization framework in WSNs. The presented work utilizes the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), measured by static node on 100 x 100 m 2 grid from three anchor nodes. The comprehensive evaluation of these approaches is done using MATLAB software. The simulation results effectively demonstrate that FFANNs based sensor motes will show better localization accuracy as compared to RBF.
Endorectal Ultrasound: Its Role in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Rectal Cancer

With development over the past 25 years of new surgical techniques and neoadjuvant therapy regimens for rectal cancer, physicians now have a range of treatment options that minimize morbidity and maximize the potential for cure. Accurate pretreatment staging is critical, ensuring adequate therapy and preventing overtreatment. Many options exist for staging primary rectal cancer. However, endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) remains the most attractive modality. It is an extension of the physical examination, and can be performed easily in the office. It is cost effective and is generally well tolerated by the patient, without need for general anesthesia. The authors discuss the data currently available on ERUS, including its accuracy and limitations, as well as the technical aspects of performing ERUS and interpreting the results. They also discuss new ultrasound technologies, which may improve rectal cancer staging in the future.
Maxillary Anterior Caries Associated with Increased Caries Risk in Other Primary Teeth

It has been suggested that children with caries of maxillary anterior primary teeth may have increased caries incidence in other teeth. This study aimed to quantify the extent of posterior dental caries in those children who initially presented with maxillary anterior caries compared with that of those who did not. Data were collected for 217 Head Start children participating in a one-year study to determine caries risk factors. Tooth surfaces were recorded as carious, restored, or extracted (missing due to caries). Caries was then categorized into the following pattern(s): maxillary anterior (MA), pit/fissure (PF), posterior proximal (PP), and posterior buccal/lingual smooth surface (BL). Compared with children who did not initially present with the maxillary anterior pattern, those with the maxillary anterior pattern had 2.5 times (p < 0.01) the mean number of posterior decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (dmfs) and approximately 3 times the prevalence (p < 0.01) of the PP and BL patterns. The positive predictive value of the MA pattern was 86.8% for children who developed the PF pattern, and the negative predictive values were greater than 91% for children who did not develop the PP and BL patterns. The prevalence of maxillary anterior caries among children in this study is associated with a significantly greater caries incidence in posterior teeth.
Reasoning about temporal relations: a maximal tractable subclass of Allen's interval algebra

We introduce a new subclass of Allen's interval algebra we call “ORD-Horn subclass,” which is a strict superset of the “pointisable subclass. ” We prove that reasoning in the ORD-Horn subclass is a polynomial-time problem and show that the path-consistency method is sufficient for deciding satisfiability. Further, using an extensive machine-generated case analysis, we show that the ORD-Horn subclass is a maximal tractable subclass of the full algebra (assuming P <inline-equation> <f> ≠</f> </inline-equation> NP). In fact, it is the unique greatest tractable subclass amongst the subclasses that contain all basic relations.
The Transcription Factor MAZR Preferentially Acts as a Transcriptional Repressor in Mast Cells and Plays a Minor Role in the Regulation of Effector Functions in Response to FcεRI Stimulation

Mast cells are key players in type I hypersensitivity reactions in humans and mice and their activity has to be tightly controlled. Previous studies implicated the transcription factor MAZR in the regulation of mast cell function. To study the role of MAZR in mast cells, we generated a conditional Mazr allele and crossed Mazr F/F mice with the Vav-iCre deleter strain, which is active in all hematopoietic cells. MAZR-null BM-derived mast cells (BMMC) were phenotypically indistinguishable from wild-type BMMCs, although the numbers of IL-3 generated Mazr F/F Vav-iCre BMMCs were reduced in comparison to Mazr F/F BMMCs, showing that MAZR is required for the efficient generation of BMMC in vitro. A gene expression analysis revealed that MAZR-deficiency resulted in the dysregulation of 128 genes, with more genes up- than down-regulated in the absence of MAZR, indicating that MAZR acts as a transcriptional repressor in mast cells. Among the up-regulated genes were the chemokines Ccl5, Cxcl10, Cxcl12, the chemokine receptor Ccr5 and the cytokine IL18, suggesting an immunoregulatory role for MAZR in mast cells. Enforced expression of MAZR in mature Mazr-deficient BMMCs rescued the altered expression pattern of some genes tested, suggesting direct regulation of these genes by MAZR. Upon FcεRI stimulation, Mazr expression was transiently down-regulated in BMMCs. However, early and late effector functions in response to FcεRI-mediated stimulation were not impaired in the absence of MAZR, with the exception of IL-6, which was slightly decreased. Taken together, out data indicate that MAZR preferentially acts as a transcriptional repressor in mast cells, however MAZR plays only a minor role in the transcriptional networks that regulate early and late effector functions in mast cells in response to FcεRI stimulation.
Characterization of Sleep in Zebrafish and Insomnia in Hypocretin Receptor Mutants

Sleep is a fundamental biological process conserved across the animal kingdom. The study of how sleep regulatory networks are conserved is needed to better understand sleep across evolution. We present a detailed description of a sleep state in adult zebrafish characterized by reversible periods of immobility, increased arousal threshold, and place preference. Rest deprivation using gentle electrical stimulation is followed by a sleep rebound, indicating homeostatic regulation. In contrast to mammals and similarly to birds, light suppresses sleep in zebrafish, with no evidence for a sleep rebound. We also identify a null mutation in the sole receptor for the wake-promoting neuropeptide hypocretin (orexin) in zebrafish. Fish lacking this receptor demonstrate short and fragmented sleep in the dark, in striking contrast to the excessive sleepiness and cataplexy of narcolepsy in mammals. Consistent with this observation, we find that the hypocretin receptor does not colocalize with known major wake-promoting monoaminergic and cholinergic cell groups in the zebrafish. Instead, it colocalizes with large populations of GABAergic neurons, including a subpopulation of Adra2a-positive GABAergic cells in the anterior hypothalamic area, neurons that could assume a sleep modulatory role. Our study validates the use of zebrafish for the study of sleep and indicates molecular diversity in sleep regulatory networks across vertebrates.
Cooperative Communications for Wireless Information Assurance

Abstract : This report describes research in the 2004 Summer Visiting Faculty Research Program from May 04 Aug 04. Three of our research topics within the field of wireless communication networks are included: theory of physical-layer security, realizing physical-layer security for 802.11b wireless LAN, and cooperative communications in distributed sensor networks.
MadGraph/MadEvent v4: The New Web Generation

We present the latest developments of the MadGraph/MadEvent Monte Carlo event generator and several applications to hadron collider physics. In the current version events at the parton, hadron and detector level can be generated directly from a web interface, for arbitrary processes in the Standard Model and in several physics scenarios beyond it (HEFT, MSSM, 2HDM). The most important additions are: a new framework for implementing user-defined new physics models; a standalone running mode for creating and testing matrix elements; generation of events corresponding to different processes, such as signal(s) and backgrounds, in the same run; two platforms for data analysis, where events are accessible at the parton, hadron and detector level; and the generation of inclusive multi-jet samples by combining parton-level events with parton showers. To illustrate the new capabilities of the package some applications to hadron collider physics are presented: I. Higgs search in pp → H → W + W − : signal and backgrounds. II. Higgs CP properties: pp → Hjj in the HEFT. III. Spin of a new resonance from lepton angular distributions. IV. Single-top and Higgs associated production in a generic 2HDM. V. Comparison of strong SUSY pair production at the SPS points. VI. Inclusive W +jets matched samples: comparison with Tevatron data.
Effects of Age on Contralateral Suppression of Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions in Human Listeners with Normal Hearing

The auditory efferent system presumably plays a role in enhancing signals in noise and, in particular, speech perception in background noise. This study measured the age-related changes of the medial olivocochlear (MOC) system by comparing distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) with and without contralateral white noise stimulation. Otoacoustic emissions were typically reduced in level (magnitude) when white noise was presented to the contralateral ear. This contralateral suppression (CS) is attributed to activation of the MOC system, which has an inhibitory effect on the outer hair cell (OHC) system. By studying CS on cochlear output in human listeners of different ages, it is possible to describe aging effects on the MOC system. Human subjects were young adult, middle aged and old (n = 10/group). All subjects had normal hearing and middle-ear function based upon standard audiometric criteria. The present study recorded 2f1–f2 DPOAE-grams in response to moderate primary tones (L1 = 75, L2 = 65 dB SPL), from 1 to 6.3 kHz. The principal findings were that DPOAE levels were smaller in the old compared to the young group and that CS declined with age for the middle-aged and old groups. In addition, CS in the 1- to 2-kHz range was greater than in the 4- to 6-kHz range for all ages, but especially for the old group. These findings suggest that a functional decline of the MOC system with age precedes OHC degeneration. Moreover, the MOC system maintains better function in the 1- to 2-kHz range than in the 4- to 6-kHz range as a function of age.
Induction and detection of a human endothelial activation antigen in vivo

We used a murine mAb, H4/18, raised by immunization with IL-1-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cell cultures, to localize an endothelial activation antigen in induced human delayed hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) and in pathological tissues. We used streptococcus varidase to elicit DHR in human skin and we examined sequential skin biopsies with the immunoperoxidase technique. There was no staining for H4/18 binding antigen in normal endothelium of skin and other tissues; strong positive staining, localized to vascular endothelium, was seen at 16 and 23 h but disappeared by 6 d, when the DHR had faded. H4/18 binding antigen, also confined to endothelium, was detected in lymph nodes, skin, and other tissues exhibiting immune/inflammatory reactions. The studies indicate that H4/18 is a useful marker for activated endothelium in vivo and they support the relevance of in vitro studies on inducible endothelial cell functions.
Fine mapping of complex trait genes combining pedigree and linkage disequilibrium information: a Bayesian unified framework.

We present a Bayesian method that combines linkage and linkage disequilibrium (LDL) information for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. This method uses jointly all marker information (haplotypes) and all available pedigree information; i.e., it is not restricted to any specific experimental design and it is not required that phases are known. Infinitesimal genetic effects or environmental noise ("fixed") effects can equally be fitted. A diallelic QTL is assumed and both additive and dominant effects can be estimated. We have implemented a combined Gibbs/Metropolis-Hastings sampling to obtain the marginal posterior distributions of the parameters of interest. We have also implemented a Bayesian variant of usual disequilibrium measures like D' and r(2) between QTL and markers. We illustrate the method with simulated data in "simple" (two-generation full-sib families) and "complex" (four-generation) pedigrees. We compared the estimates with and without using linkage disequilibrium information. In general, using LDL resulted in estimates of QTL position that were much better than linkage-only estimates when there was complete disequilibrium between the mutant QTL allele and the marker. This advantage, however, decreased when the association was only partial. In all cases, additive and dominant effects were estimated accurately either with or without disequilibrium information.
Exact outage probability of a hybrid satellite terrestrial cooperative system with best relay selection

In this paper, we derive the exact outage probability of a hybrid satellite-terrestrial cooperative system (HSTCS). A selective decode-and-forward scheme is implemented between a source node (the satellite) and a destination node (a terrestrial station), and a selection of the best relay terminal is performed. In this proposed system, a two time-slot scenario is considered. During the first time slot, the satellite is broadcasting the information to the terrestrial relays and the destination. In the second time slot, only the best relay is transmitting toward the destination node. Then, both signals are combined using the maximum ratio combining (MRC) technique. The analytical expression of the outage probability is evaluated and is then verified with the simulation. The results show that our analytical expression matched well to the simulation results.
1,1,2,2-Tetraphenyl-1λ5-diphosphane 1-sulfide

In the title molecule, C24H20P2S, the P—P bond length is 2.2263 (5) Å. The two phenyl rings attached to the three- and five-coordinated P atoms, respectively, form dihedral angles of 56.22 (5) and 71.74 (5)°.
Estrogen and Brain Protection

In 1931, estrogen was originally discovered as a female sex hormone by Marrian and Butenandt (1931). Estrogen is responsible for maintaining female reproductive organs and functions. Beyond the effects on reproductive organs, the neuroprotective activities of estrogen have been identified by Simpkins et al. (1994) and thereafter by numerous other researchers (Viscoli et al., 2001). The simple classification of the mechanisms of estrogen is genomic and non-genomic processes. The genomic mechanisms of estrogen involve estrogen receptors located in DNA. Upon binding its receptors, estrogen stimulates the synthesis of a variety of neuro-modulatory proteins. A body of evidence indicates that estrogen receptors are not necessary for certain neuroprotective effects of estrogen. For example, estrogen scavenges harmful reactive free radical species (Dhandapani & Brann, 2002), inhibits apoptotic process (a certain type of cell death), and modulates signal transduction, all of which do not require nucleic estrogen receptors. Estrogen’s neuroprotective properties may be the end result of well-orchestrated genomic and nongenomic processes. There are three major forms of endogenous estrogens; 17┚-estradiol, estrone, and estriol based on the hydroxyl or ketone ligand attached to the C17 position of the rightmost ring (D ring). Among these estrogens, 17┚-estradiol (Figure 1) is the most potent, naturally occurring estrogen. Accordingly, 17┚-estradiol has been the subject for neuroprotective properties in major neurodegenerative disorders such as stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and ethanol withdrawal, and thus a topic of this book chapter.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Anthurium “Albama” and Its Anthocyanin-Loss Mutant

Anthurium is one of the most important tropical ornamental plants in the world. The traded value of anthurium is second only to that of tropical orchids among the tropical flowers. The spathe is the main ornamental organ and its color variation mainly arises from anthocyanin contents. Understanding the molecular regulation of spathe color will accelerate new variety creation of anthurium. To announce gene expression differences between Anthurium andraeanum ‘Albama’ and its one unique anthocyanin-loss mutant, we collected spathes of the wild-type and the mutant from two stages in spathe development (the flower separates protrude from the sheath and the spathe is fully expanded) and extracted total RNAs for transcriptome profiling. Using short read sequencing technology (Illumina), 51,955,564, 53,822,224, 54,221,990 and 52,276,418 sequencing raw reads, respectively, for wild-type and mutant in the two stages were assembled de novo into 111,268 unique sequences (unigenes) with a mean length of 652 bp. 47,563 unigenes had significant hits to the sequences in the Nr database, and 32,768 unigenes showed significant similarity to known proteins in the Swiss-Prot database. 28,350 and 19,293 unigenes had significant similarity to existing sequences in the KEGG and COG databases, respectively. Further, analysis of differentially expressed genes in the comparison between wild-type and mutant and between the two different developmental stages was carried out, indicating that the expression of an extensive set of genes changed as the result of mutation. Taken together, these data demonstrated that the Illumina sequencing allowed de novo transcriptome assembly and could obtain differentially expressed genes between A. andraeanum wild-type and the anthocyanin-loss mutant. The expression differences of AN2 and UFGT might cause the anthocyanin-loss mutation.
Pathways of Lipid Metabolism in Marine Algae, Co-Expression Network, Bottlenecks and Candidate Genes for Enhanced Production of EPA and DHA in Species of Chromista

The importance of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) for human health has received more focus the last decades, and the global consumption of n-3 LC-PUFA has increased. Seafood, the natural n-3 LC-PUFA source, is harvested beyond a sustainable capacity, and it is therefore imperative to develop alternative n-3 LC-PUFA sources for both eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3). Genera of algae such as Nannochloropsis, Schizochytrium, Isochrysis and Phaedactylum within the kingdom Chromista have received attention due to their ability to produce n-3 LC-PUFAs. Knowledge of LC-PUFA synthesis and its regulation in algae at the molecular level is fragmentary and represents a bottleneck for attempts to enhance the n-3 LC-PUFA levels for industrial production. In the present review, Phaeodactylum tricornutum has been used to exemplify the synthesis and compartmentalization of n-3 LC-PUFAs. Based on recent transcriptome data a co-expression network of 106 genes involved in lipid metabolism has been created. Together with recent molecular biological and metabolic studies, a model pathway for n-3 LC-PUFA synthesis in P. tricornutum has been proposed, and is compared to industrialized species of Chromista. Limitations of the n-3 LC-PUFA synthesis by enzymes such as thioesterases, elongases, acyl-CoA synthetases and acyltransferases are discussed and metabolic bottlenecks are hypothesized such as the supply of the acetyl-CoA and NADPH. A future industrialization will depend on optimization of chemical compositions and increased biomass production, which can be achieved by exploitation of the physiological potential, by selective breeding and by genetic engineering.
Stress, the Aging Brain, and the Mechanisms of Neuron Death

Part 1 The glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis: the stress-response and the emergence of stress-related disease an introduction to the adrenocortical axis glucocorticoid concentrations in the aged rat - a problem of hypersecretion the problem of receptor loss the hippocampus as a mediator of glucocorticoid feedback regulation glucocorticoid neurotoxicity. Part 2 How does a neuron die? : glucocorticoids endanger hippocampal neurons a brief interlude - programmed cell death metabolic chaos 1 - the mediators of necrotic neuronal injury, metabolic chaos 2 - the role of energy failure in necrotic neuronal injury how do glucocorticoids endanger the hippocampal neuron? Part 3 How depressing is all of this? : individual differences and adrenocortical function - why do some individuals secrete more glucocorticoids than others? interventions at the time of neurological insults is this relevant to the human?
Active Algorithm Selection

Most previous studies on active learning focused on the problem of model selection, i.e., how to identify the optimal classification model from a family of predefined models using a small, carefully selected training set. In this paper, we address the problem of active algorithm selection. The goal of this problem is to efficiently identify the optimal learning algorithm for a given dataset from a set of algorithms using a small training set. In this study, we present a general framework for active algorithm selection by extending the idea of the Hedge algorithm. It employs the worst case analysis to identify the example that can effectively increase the weighted loss function defined in the Hedge algorithm. We further extend the framework by incorporating the correlation information among unlabeled examples to accurately estimate the change in the weighted loss function, and Maximum Entropy Discrimination to automatically determine the combination weights used by the Hedge algorithm. Our empirical study with the datasets of WCCI 2006 performance prediction challenge shows promising performance of the proposed framework for active algorithm selection.