Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mental Health Services in NCAA Division I Athletics: A Survey of Head ATCs

Background: There is a growing awareness of the importance of mental health care in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) student-athletes; however, there is a lack of literature on mental health resources in collegiate settings. Identifying current practices can set the stage to improve the delivery of care. Hypothesis: There is great variability in resources and current practices and no “standard of care” exists. Study Design: Observational, quantitative. Level of Evidence: Level 5. Methods: One hundred twenty-seven (36% response rate) head athletic trainers at Division I NCAA member colleges completed a web-based survey. Questions assessed several aspects of mental health clinicians, perception of care coordination, and screening. Results: Seventy-two percent of respondents noted that counseling took place in a counseling center, and 20.5% of respondents indicated that they had a mental health provider who worked in the athletic training room. Mental health clinician credentials included marriage and family therapist, psychologist, clinical social worker, and psychiatrist. The majority of athletic trainers (ATCs) noted that they are satisfied with the feedback from the mental health provider about the student-athletes’ mental health (57.3%) and believe that they would be able to provide better care to student-athletes if mental health services occurred onsite in the training room (46.4%). Fewer than half (43%) indicated that they use screening instruments to assess for mental health disorders. Conclusion: There is wide variability on how mental health services are provided to NCAA Division 1 student-athletes. Some mental health care providers are located offsite, while some provide care in the training room setting. Also, there are inconsistencies in the use of standardized screening tools for mental health evaluation. There is no standard collaborative or integrated care delivery model for student-athletes. Clinical Relevance: Opportunities exist for standardization through integrated care models and increased use of validated screening tools to deliver comprehensive care to student-athletes.
Entrepreneurial Activity as a Function of Achievement Motivation and Reinforcement Control

Summary Reinforcement control and achievement motivation measures were given to 29 black individuals engaged in operating small businesses, and their level of business activity was assessed 18 months later. Individuals with a high need to achieve were found to be significantly more active than those whose achievement motivation was low. Activity scores of internal locus of control individuals were significantly higher than those of externals. Internals with a high need to achieve were significantly more active than all others. It was inferred from the data that thoughts are most successfully translated into action when the individual feels in control of his fate and recognizes the steps that are instrumental in reaching goals.
Making teaching a 21st century profession: Tony Blair’s big prize

From his very earliest days in office, Tony Blair believed that if he was to achieve his broader educational reforms then the teaching profession itself needed modernising—it had to become a ‘21st century profession’. This paper charts the background to this aspiration and the complex range of interrelated policies used to achieve that reform. They included: a changed role for initial teacher education; a more differentiated workforce; strategies to ‘focus’ professionalism (appraisal, standards and CPD); and a redefinition of professional knowledge. Through these policies, the Government hoped to harness teacher professionalism to their broader reform agenda. The paper concludes with a discussion of Tony Blair’s legacy in this field both in England and internationally.
Problem behaviours, traditional bullying and cyberbullying among adolescents: longitudinal analyses

Problem Behaviour Theory suggests that young people's problem behaviours tend to cluster. This study examined the relationship between traditional bullying, cyberbullying and engagement in problem behaviours using longitudinal data from approximately 1500 students. Levels of traditional victimisation and perpetration at the beginning of secondary school (grade 8, age 12) predicted levels of engagement in problem behaviours at the end of grade 9 (age 14). Levels of victimisation and perpetration were found to moderate each other's associations with engagement in problem behaviours. Cyberbullying did not represent an independent risk factor over and above levels of traditional victimisation and perpetration for higher levels of engagement in problem behaviours. The findings suggest that to reduce the clustering of cyberbullying behaviours with other problem behaviours, it may be necessary to focus interventions on traditional bullying, specifically direct bullying.
Effect of gender and age on the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding hepatitis B and C and vaccination status of hepatitis B among medical students of Karachi, Pakistan.

OBJECTIVES To determine the vaccination status for hepatitis B and knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding hepatitis B and C among medical students of Karachi and to evaluate the effects of gender and age on the responses, regarding vaccination and KAP for Hepatitis B and C. METHODS This cross sectional study was conductedin 7 medical colleges/universities of Karachi. Convenient sampling was used to collect the information. Questionnaire regarding awareness about prevention, transmission, diagnosis, treatment and vaccination availability for hepatitis B and C was completed from each individual. In addition, vaccination status of hepatitis B and the awareness of students regarding post exposure prophylaxis was also documented. One thousand five hundred and nine students participated in this study. RESULTS The mean age of medical students (1509) was 20.35 +/- 1.72 years. Female participants were 1075 (71.2%) and 937 (62.1%) of the respondents were studying in public institutions. Eighty five percent of the respondents indicated that they were aware of availability of a vaccine for hepatitis B. Only 57.1% medical students showed excellent knowledge regarding the route of spread of hepatitis B and C. Students showing good knowledge of treatment procedures for hepatitis B and C were 48.2%. Half of the respondents (49.8%) showed good knowledge regarding spread of hepatitis by dental procedures. Seventy six percent of participating medical students did not have any knowledge about the post exposure prophylaxis for hepatitis B and C. Seventy four percent indicated that the hepatitis patients should not be isolated. Seventy nine percent of the students reported that they were vaccinated for hepatitis B and 70.6% of them were completely vaccinated (3 doses). About half of the respondents (49.4%) indicated that they were screened for hepatitis B and only 27.1% were screened for hepatitis C. Half of the students reported that they have had needle pricks in their students career. CONCLUSION The overall KAP of studied group showed satisfactory outcomes. However, some areas of knowledge and attitude need to be modified or changed altogether.
A different head? Parental agency and early intervention

This paper considers the agency and identity of parents of children with Down syndrome within early intervention. It draws upon semi‐structured, conversational interviews with nine parents and the reflections of one of the authors upon their experiences within early intervention programmes. It considers how representations of the deficit model permeate the participation of the parent in this process. It explores the multiple identities of the parents and links these to notions of parental participation within the current policy context of early intervention in England. The notion of parental agency is an implicit driver within the current early intervention programmes, yet it appears to be compromised by the nature of those programmes.
Constraining the reionization history with qso absorption spectra

We use a semi-analytical approach to simulate absorption spectra of QSOs at high redshifts with the aim of constraining the cosmic reionization history. We consider two physically motivated and detailed reionization histories: (i) an early reionization model (ERM) in which the intergalactic medium is reionized by Pop III stars at z ≈ 14, and (ii) a more standard late reionization model (LRM) in which overlapping, induced by QSOs and normal galaxies, occurs at z ≈ 6, From the analysis of current Lya forest data at z 6, however, clear differences start to emerge which are best quantified by the dark gap and peak width distributions. We find that 35 (0) per cent of the lines of sight (LOS) within 5.7 50 A in the rest frame of the QSO if reionization is not (is) complete at z ≥ 6. Similarly, the ERM predicts peaks of width ∼1 A in 40 per cent of the LOS in the redshift range 6.0-6.6; in the same range, LRM predicts no peaks of width >0.8 A. We conclude that the dark gap and peak width statistics represent superb probes of cosmic reionization if about ten QSOs can be found at z > 6. We finally discuss strengths and limitations of our method.
Bronchoscopic diagnostic procedures and microbiological examinations in proving endobronchial tuberculosis

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the proportional distribution of endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) subtypes and to evaluate the types of bronchoscopic diagnostic procedures that can prove granulomatous inflammation. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 18 HIV-negative patients with biopsy-proven EBTB treated between 2010 and 2014. Results: The most common EBTB subtypes, as classified by the bronchoscopic features, were tumorous and granular (in 22.2% for both). Sputum smear microscopy was performed in 11 patients and was positive for AFB in 4 (36.3%). Sputum culture was also performed in 11 patients and was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 10 (90.9%). Smear microscopy of BAL fluid (BALF) was performed in 16 patients and was positive for AFB in 10 (62.5%). Culture of BALF was also performed in 16 patients and was positive for M. tuberculosis in 15 (93.7%). Culture of BALF was positive for M. tuberculosis in 93.7% of the 16 patients tested. Among the 18 patients with EBTB, granulomatous inflammation was proven by the following bronchoscopic diagnostic procedures: bronchial mucosal biopsy, in 8 (44.4%); bronchial brushing, in 7 (38.8%); fine-needle aspiration biopsy, in 2 (11.1%); and BAL, in 2 (11.1%). Bronchial anthracofibrosis was observed in 5 (27.7%) of the 18 cases evaluated. Conclusions: In our sample of EBTB patients, the most common subtypes were the tumorous and granular subtypes. We recommend that sputum samples and BALF samples be evaluated by smear microscopy for AFB and by culture for M. tuberculosis, which could increase the rates of early diagnosis of EBTB. We also recommend that bronchial brushing be employed together with other bronchoscopic diagnostic procedures in patients suspected of having EBTB.
Filling the Parenting Gap? Grandparent Involvement With U.K. Adolescents

With people living longer and more mothers working, there is some evidence that grandparents are more involved in rearing the next generation. Although there is research in the United Kingdom on kinship care, there is no national research on the extent of grandparent involvement from the perspective of young people. This, the first national survey of 1,478 adolescents in England and Wales, demonstrates the very considerable amount of informal care given by grandparents to adolescents.The findings showed that factors in the wider ecology of children, their parents, grandparents, and the community influenced grandparent—grandchild involvement. In particular, more regular contact and stronger grandparent/grandchild closeness, greater parental encouragement to visit grandparents, better health in grandparents, and less deprivation in the community were significantly associated with more active grandparent involvement. The article concludes that because grandparents may be filling the parenting gap for hard-working parents, there is a case for greater recognition of their role as family supporters.
Assuring corporate leadership for the future

Corporate leadership development can no longer simply rely on planning the replacement of existing leaders. The function of leadership is moving from a transactional to a transitional mode and leaders will increasingly work to inspire knowledge era workers within a constantly changing organisation to embrace an unknown future. In order to meet this leadership development challenge, this article proposes a three‐track model of leadership development based on theory and practice. It is aimed not at individual leaders, but at the total leadership function. The three tracks are: a business track where individuals study the total enterprise and its business environment; a leadership track which teaches behaviourally‐based skills to influence individuals, teams and the total organisation; and a personal track where the individuals understand themselves and how to best manage their personal resources.
Effectiveness of using long-acting angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker in Japanese obese patients with metabolic syndrome on morning hypertension monitoring by using telemedicine system (FUJIYAMA Study)

Abstract Aim: Recently, obesity patients have been diagnosed as metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate which angiotensin type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs), telmisartan or candesartan, is superior for the control of home blood pressure (BP) in the morning when the outpatient clinic BP was well controlled in the patients with metabolic syndrome. Methods: The patients with metabolic syndrome were enrolled. Home BP was monitored by using a telemedicine system. After a 2- to 4-week control period to establish baseline home BP values, these patients were randomly divided into telmisartan (20–80 mg) and candesartan (4–12 mg) groups. These end points were evaluated by using the telemedicine system during steady-state active therapy. A total of 356 patients attending 60 outpatient Japanese centers were recruited. Results: On a day of active therapy, telmisartan significantly lowered both systolic and diastolic home BP in the morning to a greater extent compared to candesartan. At the end of the study, reductions in systolic and diastolic home BP in the morning, in telmisartan group were significantly larger compared to the changes in the candesartan group (systolic; Tel: 12.0 ± 8.9 versus Can: 8.1 ± 17.1 mmHg, p = 0.0292, diastolic; Tel: 7.4 ± 6.1 versus Can: 3.7 ± 6.8 mmHg, p = 0.0053). Additionally in the telmisartan treated group, LDL-cholesterol showed significant reduction (p = 0.037), but candesartan did not. Conclusion: The present study by using the telemedicine system clearly demonstrated that telmisartan has a strong effect on reducing morning home BP, and a good effect on lipid metabolism in patients with metabolic syndrome.
micro RNA 172 (miR172) signals epidermal infection and is expressed in cells primed for bacterial invasion in Lotus japonicus roots and nodules.

Legumes interact with rhizobial bacteria to form nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Host signalling following mutual recognition ensures a specific response, but is only partially understood. Focusing on the stage of epidermal infection with Mesorhizobium loti, we analysed endogenous small RNAs (sRNAs) of the model legume Lotus japonicus to investigate their involvement in host response regulation. We used Illumina sequencing to annotate the L. japonicus sRNA-ome and isolate infection-responsive sRNAs, followed by candidate-based functional characterization. Sequences from four libraries revealed 219 novel L. japonicus micro RNAs (miRNAs) from 114 newly assigned families, and 76 infection-responsive sRNAs. Unlike infection-associated coding genes such as NODULE INCEPTION (NIN), a micro RNA 172 (miR172) isoform showed strong accumulation in dependency of both Nodulation (Nod) factor and compatible rhizobia. The genetics of miR172 induction support the existence of distinct epidermal and cortical signalling events. MIR172a promoter activity followed a previously unseen pattern preceding infection thread progression in epidermal and cortical cells. Nodule-associated miR172a expression was infection-independent, representing the second of two genetically separable activity waves. The combined data provide a valuable resource for further study, and identify miR172 as an sRNA marking successful epidermal infection. We show that miR172 acts upstream of several APETALA2-type (AP2) transcription factors, and suggest that it has a role in fine-tuning AP2 levels during bacterial symbiosis.
Cultural regulatory fit and strategies for coping with unsuccessful outcomes

The present research seeks to explain cross-cultural differences in two strategies for coping with unsuccessful outcomes (consideration of multiple options and persistence) through regulatory fit, a development of the self-regulation theory. We propose that, because of regulatory fit, eager consideration of multiple options is more encouraged in promotion-focused cultures, whereas vigilant persistence is more encouraged in prevention-focused cultures (a culture-strategy regulatory fit). In addition, if an incentive is introduced to motivate the use of these strategies, a gain-framed incentive is more effective in promotion-focused cultures whereas a loss-framed incentive is more effective in prevention-focused cultures (a culture-incentive regulatory fit). The hypotheses for the culture-strategy fit (Study 1) and the culture-incentive fit (Study 2) were both supported, with samples of Israeli Jews, Israeli Arabs (in both studies), and Hong Kong Chinese (in Study 1). Taken together, the findings contribute to the understanding ofcross-cultural differences in copingwithunsuccessful outcomesandsuggest the existenceof cultural regulatory fit.Copyright© 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. No human being is perfect, and coping with unsuccessful endeavors is inevitable. Interestingly, people from different cultures cope with failures in different ways. A real life example pertains to a personal experience of some acquaintances of the first author. They were all members in joint teams of software engineers from Israel and from one of the East Asian countries working together on a complicated R&D project. Very soon they identified a pattern: whenever something in the software did not work, the East-Asian engineers wanted to work more and improve the existing solution whereas the Israeli engineers suggested that new solutions should be developed. In fact, when trying to generate new solutions, Israeli engineers came up with much more new solutions than East Asians. The managers of the project (of the two cultures) encountered a dilemma regarding the best way to motivate the team. The Israeli managers suggested giving out bonuses to boost the team’s performance to meet a certain standard, whereas the East-Asian managers indicated that their own experience point to a different reinforcement scheme as more efficient: postponing annual salary increase to punish the team for not meeting a standard. What stands behind these cultural differences related to the use of the strategies and the use of incentives? Could these strategy-related and incentive-related cultural differences share the same common psychological processes? We suggest that regulatory fit is a shared process that underlies these cross-cultural differences. The present research uses the regulatory fit theory to examine our understanding of why people from different cultures prefer different ways of coping with unsuccessful outcomes. By and large, people try to learn from their failures and strive
A Study of Teachers’ Views on Practical Work in Secondary Schools in England and Wales

Many teachers view practical work as an essential feature of science education. This study examined whether there had been any changes in the relative importance of the aims science teachers assign to the use of practical work, across the full secondary age range (11–18), since the last such national survey undertaken by Kerr 46 years ago. A stratified sample of representative schools was used in which 912 teachers were sent a questionnaire on their views towards the use of practical work in science with a total of 393 responses (42.5%) being received. The coefficient of concordance of the various rankings and their significance were calculated, as too were the z‐scores. The findings suggest that whilst there have been substantial changes in teachers’ views about the use of practical work at Key Stages 4 and 5 (age 15–18) there have been no substantial changes at Key Stage 3 (age 11–14). Furthermore, the results are remarkably similar across subject specialism, teacher gender, and years of teaching experience although this paper will only focus on subject specialism. It appears that changes to the assessment criteria, notably the introduction of Science Investigation (Sc1) at Key Stage 4, and a growing desire amongst educational policy‐makers to improve the image of science, have had an effect on how those in the teaching profession perceive the value and aims of practical work particularly at Key Stages 4 and 5.
Sobrecarga de familiares de pacientes psiquiátricos: comparação entre diferentes tipos de cuidadores

OBJETIVO: Investigar a sobrecarga objetiva e subjetiva em tres diferentes tipos de cuidadores. METODO: A Escala de Avaliacao da Sobrecarga de Familiares (FBIS-BR) foi aplicada a 30 pais, 30 irmaos e 30 conjuges de pacientes diagnosticados com transtornos do espectro de esquizofrenia ou transtornos do humor. RESULTADOS: Sete itens apresentaram diferencas significativas entre os grupos. Os pais apresentaram maior sobrecarga do que os irmaos quanto a frequencia com que preparavam as refeicoes dos pacientes e os aconselhavam a ocupar seu tempo livre. Sentiam tambem maior grau de incomodo por ter que fazer compras para eles e tinham impressao de maior peso financeiro. Comparativamente aos conjuges, os pais tinham que lidar mais frequentemente com os comportamentos agressivos dos pacientes, tinham maiores gastos com eles e ainda eram mais preocupados com o seu futuro. Ja a sobrecarga dos conjuges foi maior do que a dos irmaos quanto a impressao de peso financeiro. CONCLUSOES: As diferencas encontradas apontam para a necessidade de planejamento de intervencoes que considerem as particularidades de cada tipo de cuidador.
Gender Differences in the Definition and Perception of Household Labor.

This article used data from a time-budget and interview study with 60 married couples. Household labor activities recorded in the diaries were analyzed in terms of whether they were experienced as work or leisure, and in terms of their perceptual dimensions and objective situational contexts. Females defined their household labor activities more often as work than did males. In addition, the situational contexts were more negative for females. The employment status of females had little effect on the definition and perception of household labor. These results have implications for family practitioners concerned about the division of responsibility for household labor.
Research on Vehicle License Plate Location Based on Neural Networks

There are some usual methods in vehicle license plate location, such as segmentation in grey-level image, color image edge extraction and neural networks filters etc. All these methods are proved not quite satisfactory in various conditions, or are influenced by some factors. In this paper, we present to classify colors of pixels by using improved neural networks, which include 27 nodes of input layer, 30 nodes of hidden layer and 6 nodes of output layer. Several candidate plate regions are extracted from the results of classification. Then a criterion including the features of areas, the ratios of width to height and vertical projection histogram is proposed to decide a real license plate region. Experimental results show that this method has a high locating rate, and adapts to various conditions