Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Viscous Fingering: An Optimal Bound on the Growth Rate of the Mixing Zone

We consider the flow of two immiscible fluids of different mobility in a porous medium. If the more mobile fluid displaces the other, a macroscopically sharp interface is unstable. By growing a network of fingers on a mesoscopic scale, the two phases mix on a macroscopic scale. We are interested in the evolution of this mixing zone. We show that the effect of a large but finite mobility ratio $\lambda$ is strong enough to limit the growth rate of the mixing zone. This is done by rigorously deriving an a priori estimate for the Saffman--Taylor model. In this geometry of an infinite channel, the estimate essentially states that the mobility ratio $\lambda$ itself (in the nondimensionalized setting with unit velocity imposed at infinity) is the optimal bound on the velocity by which the penetrating phase progresses in direction of the channel.Since the introduction of diffusion-limited aggregation, various stochastic algorithms simulating this two-phase flow have been developed. The generated clusters, which.
Harmonizing Modern Day Employee Engagement with the Sociological Theory of Symbolic Interactionism

Employee Engagement (EE) spans over 30 years discourse within the practitioner and scientific domain, and have become a strategic imperative within organizations. However, due to the tumultuous history of inconsistencies in conceptualization, poor validation, and various discrepancies among scholars and practitioners, the construct has attracted interest across disciplines and industry. Accordingly, the claims of its positive impact on bottom line and other organizational outcome have become the catalyst for further research. Owing to that, this paper highlights past and present findings on EE. Drawing on previous studies, we highlight the cons of the construct and propose a multi-foci approach that extends the positive psychology perspective. We reference the earlier works of Kahn, and the influence sociology played in the conceptualization of Kahn’s theory of the employee’s preferred self. We conclude and recommend the Interactionist view as a theoretical framework within the field of industrial sociology to support our arguments. Keywords : Employee engagement, positive psychology, sociology, rational choice theory, social interactionism.
Rethinking self-transcendent positive emotions and religion: Insights from psychological and biblical research.

At the heart of many religious and spiritual traditions is the aspiration to transcend the self to achieve a sense of connectedness with the world and/or with a Higher Power and to serve the greater good. Recent research suggests that the emergence of such self-transcendence can be facilitated by specific uplifting emotions termed self-transcendent positive emotions (STPEs); STPEs are short, positive responses to witnessing instances of beauty or good outside the self. The author reviews the defining characteristics of STPEs and the related current empirical research in psychology. Next, still building upon research in psychology, she examines how they are intertwined with spirituality and religion (beliefs and practices) and serve important functions when experienced in a religious context. The emerging biblical research on how positive emotions are constructed in the Hebrew Bible and in the New Testament is the studied, and how the religious context may modify the interpretation and phenomenological experience of positive emotions is discussed. Future avenues for research include the study of the specific emotion of joy and a better consideration of emotion’s embodiment.
The (Pro)renin Receptor/ATP6AP2 is Essential for Vacuolar H+-ATPase Assembly in Murine Cardiomyocytes

Rationale: The (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR], encoded in ATP6AP2, plays a key role in the activation of local renin-angiotensin system (RAS). A truncated form of (P)RR, termed M8.9, was also found to be associated with the vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase), implicating a non–RAS-related function of ATP6AP2. Objective: We investigated the role of (P)RR/ATP6AP2 in murine cardiomyocytes. Methods and Results: Cardiomyocyte-specific ablation of Atp6ap2 resulted in lethal heart failure; the cardiomyocytes contained RAB7- and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2)-positive multivesicular vacuoles, especially in the perinuclear regions. The myofibrils and mitochondria remained at the cell periphery. Cardiomyocyte death was accompanied by numerous autophagic vacuoles that contained undigested cellular constituents, as a result of impaired autophagic degradation. Notably, ablation of Atp6ap2 selectively suppressed expression of the VO subunits of V-ATPase, resulting in deacidification of the intracellular vesicles. Furthermore, the inhibition of intracellular acidification by treatment with bafilomycin A1 or chloroquine reproduced the phenotype observed for the (P)RR/ATP6AP2-deficient cardiomyocytes. Conclusions: Genetic ablation of Atp6ap2 created a loss-of-function model for V-ATPase. The gene product of ATP6AP2 is considered to act as in 2 ways: (1) as (P)RR, exerting a RAS-related function; and (2) as the V-ATPase-associated protein, exerting a non–RAS-related function that is essential for cell survival.
Coreference resolution of medical concepts in discharge summaries by exploiting contextual information

OBJECTIVE Patient discharge summaries provide detailed medical information about hospitalized patients and are a rich resource of data for clinical record text mining. The textual expressions of this information are highly variable. In order to acquire a precise understanding of the patient, it is important to uncover the relationship between all instances in the text. In natural language processing (NLP), this task falls under the category of coreference resolution. DESIGN A key contribution of this paper is the application of contextual-dependent rules that describe relationships between coreference pairs. To resolve phrases that refer to the same entity, the authors use these rules in three representative NLP systems: one rule-based, another based on the maximum entropy model, and the last a system built on the Markov logic network (MLN) model. RESULTS The experimental results show that the proposed MLN-based system outperforms the baseline system (exact match) by average F-scores of 4.3% and 5.7% on the Beth and Partners datasets, respectively. Finally, the three systems were integrated into an ensemble system, further improving performance to 87.21%, which is 4.5% more than the official i2b2 Track 1C average (82.7%). CONCLUSION In this paper, the main challenges in the resolution of coreference relations in patient discharge summaries are described. Several rules are proposed to exploit contextual information, and three approaches presented. While single systems provided promising results, an ensemble approach combining the three systems produced a better performance than even the best single system.
Towards Methods for Discovering Universal Turing Machines (or How Universal Unicorns can be Discovered, not Created)

Universal Turing machines are a well-known concept in computer science. Most often, universal Turing machines are constructed by humans, and designed with particular features in mind. This is especially true of recent efforts to find small universal Turing machines, as these are often the product of sophisticated human reasoning. In this paper we take a different approach, in that we investigate how we can search through a number of Turing machines and recognise universal ones. This means that we have to examine very carefully the concepts involved, including the notion of what it means for a Turing machine to be universal, and what implications there are for the way that Turing machines are coded as input strings.
Interleukin 10 protects mice against staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced lethal shock

We investigated the ability of interleukin 10 (IL-10) to protect mice against lethal shock induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Treatment of mice with IL-10 prevented the death of mice injected with SEB in a dose-dependent manner. IL-10-mediated protection was apparent when administered either prior to or concurrent with SEB but was less effective when administered following SEB injection. This observation indicates that IL-10 is capable of regulating T-cell activation in vivo.
Pseudo-Bayesian Robust PCA: Algorithms and Analyses

Commonly used in computer vision and other applications, robust PCA represents an algorithmic attempt to reduce the sensitivity of classical PCA to outliers. The basic idea is to learn a decomposition of some data matrix of interest into low rank and sparse components, the latter representing unwanted outliers. Although the resulting optimization problem is typically NP-hard, convex relaxations provide a computationally-expedient alternative with theoretical support. However, in practical regimes performance guarantees break down and a variety of non-convex alternatives, including Bayesian-inspired models, have been proposed to boost estimation quality. Unfortunately though, without additional a priori knowledge none of these methods can significantly expand the critical operational range such that exact principal subspace recovery is possible. Into this mix we propose a novel pseudo-Bayesian algorithm that explicitly compensates for design weaknesses in many existing non-convex approaches leading to state-of-the-art performance with a sound analytical foundation. Surprisingly, our algorithm can even outperform convex matrix completion despite the fact that the latter is provided with perfect knowledge of which entries are not corrupted.
Function of the β4 Integrin in Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Formation in Breast Cancer: A Masters Thesis

The integrin α6β4 (referred to as β4) is expressed in epithelial cells where it functions as a laminin receptor. Integrin β4 is important for the organization and maintenance of epithelial architecture in normal cells. Particularly, β4 is shown to be essential for mammary gland development during embryogenesis. Integrin β4 also plays important roles in tumor formation, invasion and metastasis in breast cancer. However, the mechanism of how integrin β4 mediates breast tumor formation has not been settled. A few studies suggest that integrin β4 is involved in cancer stem cells (CSCs), but the mechanism is not clear. To address this problem, I examined the expression of β4 in breast tumors and its potential role involved in regulating CSCs. My data shows that β4 is expressed heterogeneously in breast cancer, and it is not directly expressed in CSCs but associated with a basal epithelial population. This work suggests that β4 can regulate CSCs in a non-cell-autonomous manner through the interactions between β4+ non-CSC population and β4- CSC population. My data also shows that β4 expression is associated with CD24+CD44+ population in breast tumor. To further study the role of β4 in breast cancer progression, I generated a β4 reporter mouse by inserting a p2A-mCherry cassette before ITGB4 stop codon. This reporter mouse can be crossed with breast tumor models to track β4+ population during tumor progression.
The relationship between IT spending and corporate revenue

The large and continually increasing capital expenditures that firms continue to make in computers and communication systems, coupled with the growing dependence that corporations across virtually all industries have on their IT investment, suggests that executives know what returns they are getting from their spending. In reality, they do not. Moreover, there is a visible controversy in the field which suggests that the return on information technology spending may not be favorable. To gain greater insight into this issue, an analysis was performed to examine the three-year IT spending of a sample of Fortune 500/Service 500 firms. The results of the study show that there is a highly significant positive relation between IT spending and corporate revenue. These findings raise a series of questions meriting additional research. <<ETX>>
Toledo invariants of Higgs bundles on elliptic surfaces associated to base orbifolds of Seifert fibered homology 3-spheres

To each connected component in the space of semisimple representations from the orbifold fundamental group of the base orbifold of a Seifert fibered homology 3-sphere into the Lie group U(2,1), we associate a real number called the "orbifold Toledo invariant. " For each such orbifold, there exists an elliptic surface over it, called a Dolgachev surface. Using the theory of Higgs bundles on these Dolgachev surfaces, we explicitly compute all values taken on by the orbifold Toledo invariant.
The role of tomato products and lycopene in the prevention of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies.

PURPOSE To determine whether intake of tomato products reduces the risk of prostate cancer using a meta-analysis. METHODS We systematically searched MEDLINE and EMBASE and contacted authors to identify potential studies. Log relative risks (RRs) were weighed by the inverse of their variances to obtain a pooled estimate with its 95% confidence interval (CI). Logistic regression and Poisson regression analyses were used to determine the effect produced by a daily intake of one serving of tomato product. RESULTS Eleven case-control studies and 10 cohort studies or nested case-control studies presented data on the use of tomato, tomato products, or lycopene and met our inclusion criteria. Compared with nonfrequent users of tomato products (1st quartile of intake), the RR of prostate cancer among consumers of high amounts of raw tomato (5th quintile of intake) was 0.89 (95% CI 0.80-1.00). For high intake of cooked tomato products, this RR was 0.81 (95% CI 0.71-0.92). The RR of prostate cancer related to an intake of one serving/day of raw tomato (200 g) was 0.97 (95% CI 0.85-1.10) for the case-control studies and 0.78 (95% CI 0.66-0.92) for cohort studies. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that tomato products may play a role in the prevention of prostate cancer. However, this effect is modest and restricted to high amounts of tomato intake. Further research is needed to determine the type and quantity of tomato products with respect to their role in preventing prostate cancer.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging for the Detection of Focused Ultrasound-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Opening

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) can be transiently and locally opened by focused ultrasound (FUS) in the presence of microbubbles (MBs). Various imaging modalities and contrast agents have been used to monitor this process. Unfortunately, direct ultrasound imaging of BBB opening with MBs as contrast agent is not feasible, due to the inability of MBs to penetrate brain parenchyma. However, FUS-induced BBB opening is accompanied by changes in blood flow and perfusion, suggesting the possibility of perfusion-based ultrasound imaging. Here we evaluated the use of MB destruction-replenishment, which was originally developed for analysis of ultrasound perfusion kinetics, for verifying and quantifying FUS-induced BBB opening. MBs were intravenously injected and the BBB was disrupted by 2 MHz FUS with burst-tone exposure at 0.5-0.7 MPa. A perfusion kinetic map was estimated by MB destruction-replenishment time-intensity curve analysis. Our results showed that the scale and distribution of FUS-induced BBB opening could be determined at high resolution by ultrasound perfusion kinetic analysis. The accuracy and sensitivity of this approach was validated by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Our successful demonstration of ultrasound imaging to monitor FUS-induced BBB opening provides a new approach to assess FUS-dependent brain drug delivery, with the benefit of high temporal resolution and convenient integration with the FUS device.
Neural correlates of encoding emotional memories : a review of functional neuroimaging evidence

In recent years, emotion research has gained considerable interest from cognitive neuroscientists, who generally agree that emotion influences virtually all aspects of cognition. The mechanisms underlying the impact of emotion on memory have received particular interest, and have been extensively investigated in both humans and non-humans. Here, we review evidence from brain imaging studies investigating the neural correlates of the memory-enhancing effect of emotion in humans, with a focus on the early stages of memory formation – i.e., encoding and early consolidation. The vast majority of the evidence has resulted from studies on young participants, but evidence from recent studies investigating age-related differences in emotion processing is also available. The extant evidence highlights the role of two main brain regions that have been systematically associated with memory processes: the medial-temporal lobe (MTL) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The main findings from studies on young groups show that enhanced memory for emotional events benefits from joint contribution from both MTLand PFC-based mechanisms, and that emotional arousal plays a critical role in mediating these effects. The studies on older participants provide evidence for preserved emotion processing with aging, as well as identify age-related differences that may reflect enhanced cognitive control of emotion and the engagement of compensatory mechanisms associated with healthy aging. These findings resulting from studies of healthy populations provide novel insight into understanding alterations in the neural circuitry underlying emotionmemory interaction that may lead to mood and anxiety disorders.
The Influence of Expert Status and Learning Style Preference on Critical Thinking Abilities of Professional Nurses.

The primary purpose of this study was to compare novice, experienced, and expert professional nurses in terms of their critical thinking ability. The study also sought to identify the influence of selected individual characteristics on the critical thinking ability o f professional nurses. Three samples o f professional nurses, representing three levels o f experience and skill, were selected for use in this study. Subjects included a convenience sample o f 38 novice nurses (graduating seniors in a generic baccalaureate nursing program), 42 randomly selected experienced nurses, and a purposive sample o f 48 expert nurses recognized as exemplary by their peers. A three-part instrument was used for data collection. The instrument included the California Critical Thinking Skills Test. 1990 (CCTST), the Kolb Learning Style Inventory 1985 (LSD, and a researcher developed Participant Profile Form. Data were collected on-site and by mailed questionnaire for the novice sample, and by mailed questionnaire for the experienced and expert samples. After three mailings and a telephone contact, the useable response rates o f those agreeing to participate in each group were: 84% for the novice group, and 96% each from the experienced and expert groups. Results of the study included: a) a significant positive relationship for novice nurses in overall critical thinking ability (CCTST Overall Cognitive Skills) and cumulative academic grade point average (i = .37, p one-tail = .01); b) significant differences between expert and novice nurses on the critical thinking subscale measure for Inductive Reasoning, F (2, 125) = 4.22, p = . 02; c) no significant differences between the expert and experienced nurses on any critical thinking measure, d) No model was found explaining a significant portion o f the variance in critical thinking ability when experience/skill level, learning style, and selected
The Effectiveness of Security Images in Internet Banking

Internet banking websites often use security images as part of the login process, under the theory that they can help foil phishing attacks. Previous studies, however, have yielded inconsistent results about users' ability to notice that a security image is missing. This article describes an online study of 482 users that attempts to clarify the extent to which users notice and react to the absence of security images. Most participants (73 percent) entered their password when the security image and caption were removed. The authors found that changing the appearance and other characteristics of the security image generally had little effect on whether users logged in when the security image was absent. Additionally, they subjected the passwords created by participants to a password-cracking algorithm and found that participants with stronger passwords were less likely (64.7 percent versus 80.1 percent) to enter their passwords when the security image was missing.
J un 2 00 1 Dynamic structure of HeNe mixtures by MD simulation : from hydrodynamic to fast and slow sound modes

Molecular dynamics results for the dynamic structure of a He0.77Ne0. 23 gas mixture at two densities (15.8 nm−3 and 36.1 nm−3) are presented. A clear description of the crossover from hydrodynamic modes to distinct excitations for the two species is obtained. The higher density data neatly show highand low-frequency branches setting on in the dispersion curve, with a rather localized transition. The lower density results remarkably agree with existing neutron scattering data and, differently from previous simulation studies, display hydrodynamic behavior up to k ≈ 2 nm−1. A smooth transition to fast sound is shown to take place for 2 < k/nm−1 < 5, where the present MD data fill the existing gap in the experimental results. PACS numbers: 61.20. Ja, 61.20. Lc, 78.35. +c Typeset using REVTEX
Alcohol myopia and goal commitment

According to alcohol myopia theory, acute alcohol consumption leads people to disproportionally focus on the salient rather than the peripheral aspects of a situation. We summarize various studies exploring how myopic processes resulting from acute alcohol intake affect goal commitment. After consuming alcohol student participants felt strongly committed to an important personal goal even though they had low expectations of successfully attaining the goal. However, once intoxicated participants were sober again (i.e., not myopic anymore) they failed to act on their goal commitment. In line with alcohol myopia theory, strong goal commitment as a result of alcohol intake was mediated by intoxicated (vs. sober) participants disproportionally focusing on the desirability rather than the feasibility of their goal. Further supporting alcohol myopia theory, when the low feasibility of attaining a particular goal was experimentally made salient (either explicitly or implicitly by subliminal priming), intoxicated participants felt less committed than those who consumed a placebo. We discuss these effects of acute alcohol intake in the context of research on the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on goal commitment.
Defining Inflation Targets and the Output-Inflation Tradeoff

This paper shows the equivalence between different approaches to the inflationary objective. Defining a range and the percentage of time expected to be within such range is the same as defining a target for inflation projection in a given horizon. Both forms are similar to defining a target in terms of the expected value and desired variance for inflation. Likewise, it shows that the tolerance to deviations from the inflation target, directly associated to the policy horizon, depends on the costs of inflation deviations from the target, and also on output deviations from full employment. Therefore, setting the target in terms of an inflationary objective does not overlook the importance of unemployment nor of the output gap in monetary policy decisions. Finally the paper presents some empirical evidence and provides simple guidelines to define the target and to choose the optimal policy horizon.