Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of limestone karst forests by Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus morio) in the Sangkulirang peninsula, east Kalimantan, Indonesia

The Indonesian province of East Kalimantan is home to some of the largest remaining contiguous tracts of lowland Dipterocarp forest on the island of Borneo. Nest surveys recently conducted in these forests indicated the presence of a substantial population of Eastern Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus morio) in the Berau and East Kutai regencies in the northern half of the province. The Sangkulirang Peninsula contains extensive limestone karst forests in close proximity to the lowland Dipterocarp forests inhabited by orangutans in these regencies. Orangutans have been sighted in these limestone karst forests, but the importance of this forest type for orangutans has been unclear. Therefore, we conducted 49 km of nest surveys in limestone karst forest to obtain the first quantitative estimates of orangutan densities in this habitat, and walked 28 km of surveys in nearby lowland Dipterocarp forests for comparison. We also gathered basic ecological data along our transects in an attempt to identify correlates of orangutan abundance across these habitat types. Undisturbed limestone karst forests showed the lowest orangutan densities (147 nests/km2, 0.82 indiv/km2), disturbed limestone forests had intermediate densities (301 nests/km2, 1.40 indiv/km2), and undisturbed lowland Dipterocarp forests contained the highest density (987 nests/km2, 5.25 indiv/km2), significantly more than the undisturbed limestone karst forests. This difference was not correlated with variation in liana abundance, fig stem density, or stump density (an index of forest disturbance). Therefore, other factors, such as the relatively low tree species diversity of limestone karst forests, may explain why orangutans appear to avoid these areas. We conclude that limestone karst forests are of low relevance for safeguarding the future of orangutans in East Kalimantan. Am. J. Primatol. 69:1–8, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atomic Layer Growth of InSe and Sb2Se3 Layered Semiconductors and Their Heterostructure

Metal chalcogenides based on the C–M–M–C (C = chalcogen, M = metal) structure possess several attractive properties that can be utilized in both electrical and optical devices. We have shown that specular, large area films of γ-InSe and Sb2Se3 can be grown via atomic layer deposition (ALD) at relatively low temperatures. Optical (absorption, Raman), crystalline (X-ray diffraction), and composition (XPS) properties of these films have been measured and compared to those reported for exfoliated films and have been found to be similar. Heterostructures composed of a layer of γ-InSe (intrinsically n-type) followed by a layer of Sb2Se3 (intrinsically p-type) that display diode characteristics were also grown.
Analysis of Different Machine Learning Models for Diabetes Prediction

This paper presents a comparative analysis of various machine learning models applied to a diabetes dataset. The study evaluates a range of ML algorithms, employing exploratory data analysis and feature engineering techniques. The primary objective is to forecast the onset of diabetes mellitus in a high-risk population of Pima Indians. Each model is trained, evaluated using performance metrics such as accuracy and F1-score, and assessed using ROC curves and AUC values. The results highlight the performance and suitability of each model for the prediction task. Notably, an Support Vector Machines (SVM) model achieved an accuracy of 77.27%. This study contributes valuable insights for selecting appropriate models in similar scenarios.
A 2D-spline patient specific model for use in radiation therapy

Modeling of respiratory motion is very important for the efficacy of radiation therapy (RT) which is used in the treatment of cancer in the thorax and the abdomen. Having such a model is a key point to deliver, under breathing induced motion, less dose to the normal healthy tissues and higher dose to the tumor. Many methods have been developed to reduce the respiratory motion induced errors. While 4D CT based methods produce a number of separate frames at different positions in the respiratory cycle, a continuous motion model will be more efficient for radiation therapy. In this paper, we describe an approach based on the creation of a continuous patient specific model that takes into account respiratory signal irregularities and reproduces respiration-induced organ motion. This model has been validated on three patients. Our results show that including both phase and amplitude for the model reconstruction leads to higher accuracy compared to the use of only one of these two parameters.
Combining Energy and Cross-Entropy Analysis for Nuclear Segments Detection

Features related to rhythmic patterns are involved in the representation of the intonational content for spoken language analysis. Among others, speech rate is one of the most used measures extracted by systems using prosodic analysis and is typically measured in syllables per second. Automatic approaches designed to estimate this measure in absence of manual annotations usually mark the position of syllable nuclei as a single point in time. Approaches extracting duration features using automatic segmentation in units shorter than words but larger than phones tend to detect syllables. To represent the prosodic contents of an utterance, especially from the rhythmic point of view, automatic positioning of nuclear boundaries may, however, be more informative than syllable boundaries. In this paper we present a method combining the analysis of the energy envelope and of the cross-entropy profile to obtain a segmentation into nuclear and inter-nuclear segments, showing that the proposed method can be used to obtain a reliable estimate of speech rate and that accuracy in nuclear boundary positioning allows the extraction of segmental features useful for automatic prosodic analysis.
Exposure of the peritoneal cavity to air regulates early inflammatory responses to surgery in a murine model

Factors in circulating air may play a role in immune responses after surgery through induction of gut‐derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation across the gut. CD‐1 mice were randomized to one of four treatment groups: controls, laparoscopy with carbon dioxide inflation, laparoscopy with air inflation and laparotomy. The peritoneal and systemic immune response was assessed by evaluating peritoneal macrophage, blood monocyte and neutrophil activity. In a second study, the effect of each of the treatments on fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐LPS translocation across the gut was assessed. There were significant (P < 0·05) increases in peritoneal tissue macrophage release of superoxide and tumour necrosis factor after laparoscopy with air and laparotomy compared with control procedures and carbon dioxide laparoscopy. However, peritoneal macrophage FITC‐Candida albicans ingestion was significantly decreased after air laparoscopy and laparotomy compared with controls and carbon dioxide laparoscopy (P < 0·05). These findings correlated with a significant (P < 0·05) decrease in CD11b expression. Significant translocation into the peritoneal cavity and systemic circulation occurred after air laparoscopy and laparotomy only. Factors in circulating air can induce LPS translocation and subsequent stimulation of postoperative immune responses. The beneficial effects of laparoscopic surgery may be explained by the minimal air contamination of the peritoneal cavity.
Do Energy Efficiency Investments Deliver at the Right Time?

Most analyses of energy efficiency investments ignore that the value of electricity varies widely across hours. We show how much timing matters. Using novel hourly consumption data from an air conditioner rebate program in California, we find that energy savings are concentrated in high-value hours. This significantly increases the value of these investments, especially after we account for the large capacity payments that electricity generators receive to guarantee supply in peak hours. We then use engineering predictions to calculate timing premiums for a wide range of energy efficiency investments, finding substantial variation in economic value across investments. (JEL L94, L98, Q41, Q48)
Chronic subdural hematoma

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common neurosurgical conditions. There is lack of uniformity in the treatment of CSDH amongst surgeons in terms of various treatment strategies. Clinical presentation may vary from no symptoms to unconsciousness. CSDH is usually diagnosed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan is more sensitive in the diagnosis of bilateral isodense CSDH, multiple loculations, intrahematoma membranes, fresh bleeding, hemolysis, and the size of capsule. Contrast-enhanced CT or MRI could detect associated primary or metastatic dural diseases. Although definite history of trauma could be obtained in a majority of cases, some cases may be secondary to coagulation defect, intracranial hypotension, use of anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs, etc., Recurrent bleeding, increased exudates from outer membrane, and cerebrospinal fluid entrapment have been implicated in the enlargement of CSDH. Burr-hole evacuation is the treatment of choice for an uncomplicated CSDH. Most of the recent trials favor the use of drain to reduce recurrence rate. Craniotomy and twist drill craniostomy also play a role in the management. Dural biopsy should be taken, especially in recurrence and thick outer membrane. Nonsurgical management is reserved for asymptomatic or high operative risk patients. The steroids and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors may also play a role in the management. Single management strategy is not appropriate for all the cases of CSDH. Better understanding of the nature of the pathology, rational selection of an ideal treatment strategy for an individual patient, and identification of the merits and limitations of different surgical techniques could help in improving the prognosis.
The effects of hormone replacement therapy on myocardial performance in early postmenopausal women

Objectives The results of the studies in which the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on cardiac function have been evaluated are rather disputable. In these studies, cardiac function was evaluated with conventional echocardiographic methods. This study was planned in order to investigate the effects of HRT on myocardial velocities and myocardial performance index (MPI) in healthy early postmenopausal women. Method In a prospective, controlled study, 60 healthy postmenopausal women were assigned to two groups (32 in the HRT group and 28 in the control group). After conventional echocardiographic parameters were measured, tissue Doppler echocardiography recordings were obtained from the mitral and tricuspid annulus. Systolic myocardial velocity (Sm), early and late diastolic myocardial velocities (Em and Am) and time intervals were measured and MPI was calculated. Then the symptom-limited exercise stress test using the Bruce protocol was performed. After 3 and 6 months of HRT (oral 0.625 mg conjugated estrogen + 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate/day), the same examinations were repeated. The effects of HRT on myocardial velocities, MPI and exercise time were evaluated at the 3rd and 6th months. Results The parameters of the control group remained statistically unchanged during the study. HRT did not have any effect on segmental and mean left ventricular (LV) Sm or right ventricular (RV) Sm. However, LV Em/Am and RV Em/Am ratios significantly increased at the 6th month of HRT, and LV and RV MPI values were observed to decrease significantly as compared to basal values. Additionally, a significant increase was observed in exercise duration and metabolic equivalent values after 3 months of HRT, and this increase continued at the 6th month as well. The favorable changes in all parameters in the HRT group were significantly different from those of the control group. Conclusion Data obtained in this study suggest that HRT is not only effective for treating menopausal complaints but also increases cardiovascular performance by improving especially diastolic functions in early postmenopausal women.
Quality of web‐based information on social phobia: a cross‐sectional study

The objective of the study is to evaluate the quality of web‐based information on social phobia and to investigate particular quality indicators. Two keywords, “Social phobia” and “Social Anxiety Disorder”, were entered into five popular World Wide Web search engines. Websites were assessed with a standardized proforma designed to rate sites on the basis of accountability, presentation, interactivity, readability, and content quality. “Health On the Net” (HON) quality label and DISCERN scale scores aiding people without content expertise to assess quality of written health publication were used to verify their efficiency as quality indicators. This study evaluates the quality of web‐based information on social phobia. On the 200 identified links, 58 were included. On the basis of outcome measures, the overall quality of the sites turned out to be poor. DISCERN and HON label were indicators of good quality indicators. Accountability criteria were poor indicators of site quality. Although social phobia education Websites for patients are common, educational material highly varies in quality and content. There is a need for better evidence‐based information about social phobia on the Web and a need to reconsider the role of accountability criteria as indicators of site quality. Clinicians should advise patients of the HON label and DISCERN as useful indicators of site quality. Depression and Anxiety 0:1–5, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asthma—snapshot or motion picture?

Asthma is a complex disease physiologically characterized by shortness of breath, coughing, and wheezing (Holgate, 2011). In response to a variety of stimuli, the airways become more sensitive leading to bronchial hyperresponsiveness (Sterk and Bel, 1989; Scichilone et al., 2006; Kang et al., 2012). Consequently, in a process known as bronchoconstriction, airways become narrower, impeding the normal airflow into and out of the lungs (WHO, 2011), by contraction of the bronchial smooth muscle (EPR-3, 2007). In addition, increased production of mucus occurs, further contributing to airway obstruction (EPR-3, 2007). Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease, which if untreated can lead to structural changes in the smooth muscle and may result in airway remodeling (EPR-3, 2007).
Specificity of attenuation control in the ilvGMEDA operon of Escherichia coli K-12

Three different approaches were used to examine the regulatory effects of the amino acids specified by the peptide-coding region of the leader transcript of the ilvGMEDA operon of Escherichia coli K-12. Gene expression was examined in strains carrying an ilvGMED'-lac operon fusion. In one approach, auxotrophic derivatives were starved of single amino acids for brief periods, and the burst of beta-galactosidase synthesis upon adding the missing amino acid was determined. Auxotrophic derivatives were also grown for brief periods with a limited supply of one amino acid (derepression experiments). Finally, prototrophic strains were grown in minimal medium supplemented with single and multiple supplements of the chosen amino acids. Although codons for arginine, serine, and proline are interspersed among the codons for the three branched-chain (regulatory) amino acids, they appeared to have no effect when added in excess to prototrophs or when supplied in restricted amounts to auxotrophs. Deletions removing the terminator stem from the leader removed all ilv-specific control, indicating that the attenuation mechanism is the sole mechanism for ilv-specific control.
A study of post-caesarean section wound infections in a regional referral hospital, oman.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of surgical site infections (SSI) in patients undergoing a Caesarean section (CS) and to identify risk factors, common bacterial pathogens and antibiotic sensitivity. SSI significantly affect the patient's quality of life by increasing morbidity and extending hospital stays. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Nizwa Hospital, Oman, to determine the incidence of post-Caesarean (PCS) SSI from 2001 to 2012. This was followed by a case-control study of 211 PCS cases with SSI. Controls (220) were randomly selected cases, at the same hospital in the same time period, who had undergone CS without any SSI. Data was collected on CS type, risk factors, demographic profile, type of organism, drug sensitivity and date of infection. RESULTS The total number of PCS wound infections was 211 (2.66%). There was a four-fold higher incidence of premature rupture of the membranes (37, 17.53%) and a three-fold higher incidence of diabetes (32, 15.16%) in the PCS cases compared with controls. The most common organisms responsible for SSI were Staphylococcus aureus (66, 31.27%) and the Gram-negative Escherichia coli group (40, 18.95%). The most sensitive antibiotics were aminoglycoside and cephalosporin. Polymicrobial infections were noted in 42 (19.90%), while 47 (22.27%) yielded no growth. A high incidence of associated risk factors like obesity, hypertension, anaemia and wound haematoma was noted. CONCLUSION Measures are recommended to reduce the incidence of SSI, including the implementation of infection prevention practices and the administration of antibiotic prophylaxis with rigorous surgical techniques.
Comparison of The Level of Satisfaction With The Use of Analgesics Ketorolac 30 Mg and Paracetamol 1000 Mg in Moderate Post-Operative Patients

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p><em>Pain is an uncomfortable feeling that can be an emotional experience and has the potential to cause real tissue damage. Post-operative events can cause patients to feel pain in certain parts of the body. In post-operative care to reduce pain, patients are given NSAID (Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) analgesic drugs, and the drugs commonly used are Ketorolac 30mg and Paracetamol 1000mg. The use of analgesics is said to be effective if the patient's perception shows satisfaction after using the analgesic. The research was conducted to see the level of patient satisfaction in using the analgesic intravenous injection of ketorolac 30mg and intravenous infusion of paracetamol 1000mg. This research used a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) design with double blinds. Data collection was carried out in April–July 2021 at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. Then the data obtained was analyzed using the Chi-Square test. There were 40 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The analysis results show a significance value of 0.006<0.05. Thus it can be concluded that there is a difference in satisfaction with the use of analgesics. The research showed that the level of satisfaction with the use of the analgesic intravenous injection Ketorolac 30mg in mild to moderate post-operative patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital was higher than the use of intravenous infusion Paracetamol 1000mg. </em><em>We suggest conducting additional research with a</em><em> larger and more diverse sample to yield results applicable to a broader population. </em><em> </em><em> </em><em>We also </em><em>recommend the routine use of 30mg ketorolac injection. </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords : Anti-pain, postperative, satisfaction level</em></strong></p></td></tr></tbody></table>
A randomized phase II trial of irinotecan plus carboplatin versus etoposide plus carboplatin treatment in patients with extended disease small-cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND Superiority of irinotecan/cisplatin over etoposide/cisplatin was suggested in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). This trial investigated irinotecan/carboplatin (IP) versus etoposide/carboplatin (EP). PATIENTS AND METHODS The interim analysis at the phase II/phase III transition point of the multicenter trial is reported. Extensive disease SCLC patients were randomized to receive carboplatin AUC 5 mg x min/ml either in combination with 50 mg/m2 of irinotecan on days 1, 8 and 15 (IP) or with etoposide 140 mg/m2 days 1-3 (EP). The primary end point was response rate and the secondary end points were toxicity and progression-free survival. RESULTS Seventy patients were randomized. Significant differences in grade 3 and 4 thrombopenia (17% IP versus 48% EP, P = 0.01) and neutropenia (26% IP versus 51% PE, P < 0.01) were found. Grade 3 and 4 diarrhea was more frequent with IP (18%) than with EP (6%) (P = 0.133). Response rates were 67% and 59% (P = 0.24) in the IP versus EP arm, respectively. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 9 months (95% CI 7.1-10.9) in the IP arm and 6 months (95% CI 4.1-7.9) in the EP arm (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS IP is active, less toxic and appears to improve PFS. Based on the phase II results the trial has been extended to phase III to assess the impact on overall survival.
Uniform Mixing on Cayley Graphs over Z d

This thesis investigates uniform mixing on Cayley graphs over Z3. We apply Mullin’s results on Hamming quotients, and characterize the 2(d+2)-regular connected Cayley graphs over Z3 that admit uniform mixing at time 2π/9. We generalize Chan’s construction on the Hamming scheme H(d, 2) to the schemeH(d, 3), and find some distance graphs of the Hamming graph H(d, 3) that admit uniform mixing at time 2π/3 for any k ≥ 2. To restrict the mixing time, we derive a sufficient and necessary condition for uniform mixing to occur on a Cayley graph over Z3 at a given time. Using this, we obtain three results. First, we give a lower bound of the valency of a Cayley graph over Z3 that could admit uniform mixing at some time. Next, we prove that no Hamming quotient H(d, 3)/〈1〉 admits uniform mixing at time earlier than 2π/9. Finally, we explore the connected Cayley graphs over Z3 with connected complements, and show that five complementary graphs admit uniform mixing with earliest mixing time 2π/9.
Discrimination of Real and Virtual Surfaces with Sinusoidal and Triangular Gratings Using the Fingertip and Stylus

Two-interval two-alternative forced-choice discrimination experiments were conducted separately for sinusoidal and triangular textured surface gratings from which amplitude (i.e., height) discrimination thresholds were estimated. Participants (group sizes: n = 4 to 7) explored one of these texture types either by fingertip on real gratings (Finger real), by stylus on real gratings (Stylus real), or by stylus on virtual gratings (Stylus virtual). The real gratings were fabricated from stainless steel by an electrical discharge machining process while the virtual gratings were rendered via a programmable force-feedback device. All gratings had a 2.5-mm spatial period. On each trial, participants compared test gratings with 55, 60, 65, or 70 μm amplitudes against a 50-μm reference. The results indicate that discrimination thresholds did not differ significantly between sinusoidal and triangular gratings. With sinusoidal and triangular data combined, the average (mean + standard error) for the Stylus-real threshold (2.5 ± 0.2 μm) was significantly smaller (p <; 0.01) than that for the Stylus-virtual condition (4.9 ± 0.2 μm). Differences between the Finger-real threshold (3.8 ± 0.2 μm) and those from the other two conditions were not statistically significant. Further studies are needed to better understand the differences in perceptual cues resulting from interactions with real and virtual gratings.