Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamics, Dependency Grammar and Incremental Interpretation

The paper describes two equiwtlent grammatical formalisnLs. The first is a lexicalised version of depen dency grammar, and this can be nsed to provide tree-structured analyses of sentences (though somewhat tlatter than those usually provided by phra.se structure grammars). The second is a new forrnal ism, 'Dynamic Dependency Gramniar ' , which uses axioms and deduction rules to provide analyses of sentences in terms of transitioos between states. A reformulation of dependency grammar usiug state transitions is of interest on several grounds. Firstly, it can be used to show that incremental interpretation is possible without requiring notions of overlapping, or flexible constituency (as ill some versions of categorial grammar) , and without destroy ing a trasmparent link between syntax and semantics. Secondly, the reformulation provides a level of description which can act as an intermediate stage between the original grammar and a parsing algorithm. Thirdly, it is possible to extend the relbrnm lated grammars with further axioii~s and deduction rules to provide coverage of syntactic constructions such as coortlination which are tlitficult to encode lexically.
Measurement Bias Across Gender on the Children's Depression Inventory

Confirmatory factor analysis for ordered-categorical measures (CFA-OCM) and rating scale item response theory (IRT) analyses explore measurement bias across gender on the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) in a community sample of 779 children in the third and sixth grades. Given the set of statistical criteria, IRT and CFA-OCM generally establish measurement equivalence. Results substantiate both Craighead et al.'s five-factor model and IRT models with the CDI, demonstrate their convergence regarding bias, support the use of the CDI in cross-gender comparisons, suggest a separate scoring method need not be developed for children in this age range, and provide evidence that previously noted developmental similarities in depression reflect true similarities. Given measurement invariance, observed score analyses demonstrate no statistically significant differences between boys and girls on the CDI total score and four scores created as a function of the factor model. However, girls endorse statistically significant elevated levels on a dysphoria score.
Adaptive Real-Time Emotion Recognition from Body Movements

We propose a real-time system that continuously recognizes emotions from body movements. The combined low-level 3D postural features and high-level kinematic and geometrical features are fed to a Random Forests classifier through summarization (statistical values) or aggregation (bag of features). In order to improve the generalization capability and the robustness of the system, a novel semisupervised adaptive algorithm is built on top of the conventional Random Forests classifier. The MoCap UCLIC affective gesture database (labeled with four emotions) was used to train the Random Forests classifier, which led to an overall recognition rate of 78% using a 10-fold cross-validation. Subsequently, the trained classifier was used in a stream-based semisupervised Adaptive Random Forests method for continuous unlabeled Kinect data classification. The very low update cost of our adaptive classifier makes it highly suitable for data stream applications. Tests performed on the publicly available emotion datasets (body gestures and facial expressions) indicate that our new classifier outperforms existing algorithms for data streams in terms of accuracy and computational costs.
Correlation between Self-Esteem, Self-Efficacy, Personality, Fear of Success, and Self-Defeating Behaviors of Performing Artists

There is substantial evidence that self-defeating behaviors appear regularly among populations considered psychologically stable. While there has been abundant research on self-esteem, self-efficacy, personality traits, and fear of success as independent constructs, little is known regarding the combined effect of these constructs on the selfdefeating behaviors of performing artists. Examining self-defeating behaviors among performing artists is significant because this population is susceptible to self-sabotaging behaviors, underscoring the need to understand their behaviors. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine whether self-esteem, self-efficacy, personality, and fear of success predicted self-defeating behaviors among performing artists. Bandura’s self-efficacy theory and the Baumeister self-esteem theory were used as the theoretical foundations for the study. A cross-sectional self-administered survey was used to collect data about how self-esteem, self-efficacy, personality, and fear of success affected the self-defeating behavior of performing artists from a convenience sample of 100 performing artists in New York City. The following assessment tools were used: Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale, Big Five Inventory, Fear of Success Scale, and the Lay Procrastination Scale. Results indicated a significant relationship between the self-efficacy, self-esteem, personality, and fear of success on self-defeating behavior in performance artists. The implications for positive social change include the potential to help current and future performing artists recognize and manage their self-defeating behaviors, thus preventing disengagement at work, depression, and frustration. Correlation between Self-Esteem, Self-Efficacy, Personality, Fear of Success, and SelfDefeating Behaviors of Performing Artists by Albert Bramante MA, Seton Hall University, 2001 BA, Kean University, 1999 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
The Emotional Use of Popular Music by Adolescents

This study follows up on some recent calls for study of music as a mass medium. An intensive study of high school teenagers finds that music serves as a powerful communication medium, speaking directly to emotions. Here, both men and women most often associated these emotions with music: excitement, happiness and love. Women were somewhat more likely to associate emotions with music and to use music for “mood management. ” Social class, race and ethnicity generally did not discriminate among emotions felt by men and women. Cluster analysis allowed these youths to be sorted into different types of listeners: “mainstreamers” “heavy rockers,” “indifferents” and “music lovers. ”
An in vitro chemosensitivity test for the screening of anti‐cancer drugs in childhood leukemia

We applied the MTT dye reduction assay to the anti‐cancer drug sensitivity test using short‐term microplate cultures. Blast cells were cultured with approximately 25 anti‐cancer drugs for 4 days. After cultivation, MTT dye was placed in each well, and the formazans generated by living cells were dissolved in acidified isopropyl alcohol. The absorbance of each well was measured at a scanning microplate photometer. When we made the table of the cytotoxicity index (CI) that was classified into anti‐cancer drugs and concentrations for each leukemic sample, it was possible to compare efficacy with different drugs and to select the effective ones. Retrospectively, the in vitro results were compared with the clinical responses of the 34 patients (26 of acute lymphocytic leukemia [ALL] and eight of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia [ANLL]) who were treated by combination chemotherapy. The following results were obtained: true‐positive rate, 78.1%; true‐negative rate, 57.1%; and predictive accuracy, 74.4%. Therefore, the MTT assay‐CI table might serve as a reliable tool for the selection of effective chemotherapy in patients with acute leukemia.
Quality of life of institutionalized older adults by dementia severity

ABSTRACT Background: The goal of the study was to analyze the factors associated with quality of life (QoL) in institutionalized older adults with dementia, based on self and proxy ratings, and if these characteristics differ by dementia severity. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 525 people with dementia (PwD) and their caregivers (professional or family caregivers). Two different QoL questionnaires, leading to three measures, were used: QoL in Alzheimer's disease scale (QOL-AD), self and proxy-rated, and QoL in late-stage dementia scale (QUALID), proxy-rated. Multivariate linear regression models were tested for each QoL measure and for mild/moderate and severe stages of dementia. Results: Multiple regression analyses showed a significant association between the three QoL measures and depression. Functional ability was significantly associated with QoL when assessed by proxy. Other factors such as education level, leisure activities and frequency of visits were significantly related with QOL-AD by proxy. The associated factors that differed by dementia severity were education level for moderate dementia, and frequency of visits and who answered the questionnaire (professional vs. family member) for severe dementia. Conclusions: QoL was consistently associated with depressive symptoms independently of the measures as well as functional ability and social leisure activities when the QoL questionnaire was rated by proxy. Treating depressive symptoms, increasing social activities and maintaining the functional ability may decrease the deterioration of QoL in institutionalized older adults with dementia.
Differential Localization of Alternatively Spliced Hypoxanthine-Xanthine-Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase Isoforms in Toxoplasma gondii*

A unique feature of the Toxoplasma gondii purine salvage pathway is the expression of two isoforms of the hypoxanthine-xanthine-guanine phosophoribosyltransferase (HXGPRT) of the parasite encoded by a single genetic locus. These isoforms differ in the presence or absence of a 49-amino acid insertion (which is specified by a single differentially spliced exon) but exhibit similar substrate specificity, kinetic characteristics, and temporal expression patterns. To examine possible functional differences between the two HXGPRT isoforms, fluorescent protein fusions were expressed in parasites lacking the endogenous hxgprt gene. Immunoblot analysis of fractionated cell extracts and fluorescence microscopy indicated that HXGPRT-I (which lacks the 49-amino acid insertion) is found in the cytosol, whereas HXGPRT-II (which contains the insertion) localizes to the inner membrane complex (IMC) of the parasite. Simultaneous expression of both isoforms resulted in the formation of hetero-oligomers, which distributed between the cytosol and IMC. Chimeric constructs expressing N-terminal peptides from either isoform I (11 amino acids) or isoform II (60 amino acids) fused to a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter demonstrated that the N-terminal domain of isoform II is both necessary and sufficient for membrane association. Metabolic labeling experiments with transgenic parasites showed that isoform II or an isoform II-CAT fusion protein (but not isoform I or isoform I-CAT) incorporate [3H]palmitate. Mutation of three adjacent cysteine residues within the isoform II-targeting domain to serines blocked both palmitate incorporation and IMC attachment without affecting enzyme activity, demonstrating that acylation of N-terminal isoform II cysteine residues is responsible for the association of HXGPRT-II with the IMC.
Gulf Stream's induced sea level rise and variability along the U.S. mid‐Atlantic coast

[1] Recent studies indicate that the rates of sea level rise (SLR) along the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast have accelerated in recent decades, possibly due to a slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and its upper branch, the Gulf Stream (GS). We analyzed the GS elevation gradient obtained from altimeter data, the Florida Current transport obtained from cable measurements, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, and coastal sea level obtained from 10 tide gauge stations in the Chesapeake Bay and the mid-Atlantic coast. An Empirical Mode Decomposition/Hilbert-Huang Transformation (EMD/HHT) method was used to separate long-term trends from oscillating modes. The coastal sea level variations were found to be strongly influenced by variations in the GS on timescales ranging from a few months to decades. It appears that the GS has shifted from a 6–8 year oscillation cycle to a continuous weakening trend since about 2004 and that this trend may be responsible for recent acceleration in local SLR. The correlation between long-term changes in the coastal sea level and changes in the GS strength was extremely high (R = −0.85 with more than 99.99% confidence that the correlation is not zero). The impact of the GS on SLR rates over the past decade seems to be larger in the southern portion of the mid-Atlantic Bight near Cape Hatteras and is reduced northward along the coast. The study suggests that regional coastal sea level rise projections due to climate change must take into account the impact of spatial changes in ocean dynamics.
Program Structure and Design

Abstract Most models of computer programming explain the programmer's behaviour by a single design strategy. This article presents a cognitive architecture that uses cue-based search to model multiple design strategies including procedural, functional, means-end or focal, and opportunistic design. The model has been implemented in an artificial intelligence (AI) system that generates Pascal programs from English specifications. Knowledge is represented as nodes that reside in internal or external memory, where a node encodes an action that may range from a line of code to a routine in size. A program is built by linking nodes through a search cue of the form . The cue is broadcast to memory, and any matching node is returned; the cue provides a question to ask, and the return provides the answer. A cue on the newly linked node is then selected as a new focus, and the search process repeated. Each design strategy defines a specific node visiting order that traverses the program structure through its links.
The influence of premenstrual symptoms on postural balance and kinesthesia during the menstrual cycle

Recent studies have indicated an increased incidence of female athletic injuries during the luteal phase and the first days of the menstrual period. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether postural sway and knee-joint kinesthesia vary during the menstrual cycle, and whether premenstrual syndrome (PMS) influences postural balance and kinesthesia. A total of 13 subjects with regular menstrual cycles participated in the study. Postural sway and kinesthesia were measured in the early follicular phase, in the ovulation phase and in the mid-luteal phase. Postural sway was measured with an ankle disc placed on a Statometer, and kinesthesia was measured with a specially designed device. Menstrual cycle phases were determined by sex hormone analyses in serum and by luteinizing hormone (LH) detection in urine. The diagnosis of PMS was made prospectively using validated daily symptom ratings. Eight of 13 women were classified as having PMS. These women had a significantly greater postural sway (p = 0.002) and a greater threshold for detection of passive motion in the knee joints (p = 0.05) than women without PMS. A tendency (p = 0.06) towards greater postural sway in the mid-luteal phase was detected among women with PMS. This may explain the finding of an increased incidence of athletic injuries in the luteal phase, reported previously.
Structural and Functional Characterization of Human Stem-Cell-Derived Retinal Organoids by Live Imaging

Purpose Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived retinal organoids are a platform for investigating retinal development, pathophysiology, and cellular therapies. In contrast to histologic analysis in which multiple specimens fixed at different times are used to reconstruct developmental processes, repeated analysis of the same living organoids provides a more direct means to characterize changes. New live imaging modalities can provide insights into retinal organoid structure and metabolic function during in vitro growth. This study employed live tissue imaging to characterize retinal organoid development, including metabolic changes accompanying photoreceptor differentiation. Methods Live hPSC-derived retinal organoids at different developmental stages were examined for microanatomic organization and metabolic function by phase contrast microscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), and hyperspectral imaging (HSpec). Features were compared to those revealed by histologic staining, immunostaining, and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) of fixed organoid tissue. Results We used FLIM and HSpec to detect changes in metabolic activity as organoids differentiated into organized lamellae. FLIM detected increased glycolytic activity and HSpec detected retinol and retinoic acid accumulation in the organoid outer layer, coinciding with photoreceptor genesis. OCT enabled imaging of lamellae formed during organoid maturation. Micro-CT revealed three-dimensional structure, but failed to detect lamellae. Conclusions Live imaging modalities facilitate real-time and nondestructive imaging of retinal organoids as they organize into lamellar structures. FLIM and HSpec enable rapid detection of lamellar structure and photoreceptor metabolism. Live imaging techniques may aid in the continuous evaluation of retinal organoid development in diverse experimental and cell therapy settings.
A quantitative gene expression study suggests a role for angiopoietins in focal nodular hyperplasia.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although the pathogenesis of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) of the liver remains unclear, a vascular mechanism has been suspected. To gain insight into the pathogenesis of FNH, we performed a large-scale quantitative study of gene expression in FNH. METHODS Quantitative expression level of 209 selected genes was assessed using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in 14 cases of FNH and compared with their expression level in 13 cases of liver cirrhosis, 4 adenomas, and 15 hepatocellular carcinomas. RESULTS Among the 7 genes, the expression of which was significantly up-regulated or down-regulated in FNH, the most informative markers for the diagnosis of FNH as assessed using the receiving operative curve and area under the curve (AUC) were angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1; AUC, 0.82) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2; AUC, 0.80). These 2 genes are involved in the regulation of vasculogenesis. In FNH, Ang-1 was significantly up-regulated, Ang-2 was down-regulated, and the Ang-1/Ang-2 ratio was highly and specifically increased in FNH compared with normal liver or other groups of lesions (FNH, 15.2-fold increase; HCC, 2.78; adenoma, 2.28; cirrhosis, 1.92; P < 0.01 for FNH vs. all groups, analysis of variance). Tie-2 messenger RNA, the receptor of Ang-1 and Ang-2, was detected at the same level in FNH as in normal liver. Ang-1 protein was detected on Western blot of FNH and expressed by endothelial cells of dystrophic vessels and sinusoids as shown by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS A specific increase of Ang-1/Ang-2 ratio in FNH, in the presence of the functional Tie-2 receptor, might be involved in the formation of hyperplastic and dystrophic vessels of FNH.
Graphonomics, Automaticity and Handwriting Assessment.

A recent review of handwriting research in Literacy concluded that current curricula of handwriting education focus too much on writing style and neatness and neglect the aspect of handwriting automaticity. This conclusion is supported by evidence in the field of graphonomic research, where a range of experiments have been used to investigate this issue from a movement perspective. The present article offers a brief introduction to a graphonomic approach to handwriting analysis and the findings of graphonomic research about handwriting automaticity. These findings indicate that attentional control to any characteristic of the writing process (e.g. direction, lexical status, movement, style) results in an impairment of handwriting automaticity. These findings support and add a new dimension to previous conclusions.
Enhancing Statistician Power: Flexible Covariate-Adjusted Semiparametric Inference for Randomized Studies with Multivariate Outcomes

It is well known that incorporating auxiliary covariates in the analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) can increase efficiency. Questions still remain regarding how to flexibly incorporate baseline covariates while maintaining valid inference. Recent methodological advances that use semiparametric theory to develop covariate-adjusted inference for RCTs have focused on independent outcomes. In biomedical research, however, cluster randomized trials and longitudinal studies, characterized by correlated responses, are commonly used. We develop methods that flexibly incorporate baseline covariates for efficiency improvement in randomized studies with correlated outcomes. In Chapter 1, we show how augmented estimators may be used for cluster randomized trials, in which treatments are assigned to groups of individuals. We demonstrate the potential for imbalance correction and efficiency improvement through consideration of both clusterand individual-level covariates. To improve small-sample estimation, we consider several variance adjustments. We evaluate this approach for continuous and binary outcomes through simulation and apply it to the Young Citizens study, a cluster randomized trial of a community behavioral intervention for HIV prevention in Tanzania. Chapter 2 builds upon the previous chapter by deriving semiparametric locally efficient estimators of marginal mean treatment effects when outcomes are correlated. Estimating equations are determined by the efficient score under a mean model for marginal effects when data contain baseline covariates and exhibit correlation. Locally efficient es-
Cardiovascular Responses during Speech: Does Social Support Mediate the Effects of Talking on Blood Pressure?'

Research by James J. Lynch and his colleagues demonstrates that as people speak, their blood pressure rises. Factors which accelerate or diminish this association include the social status of the listener, rate of speaking and resting blood pressure level. Another group of studies indicates that people high in social support are buffered from the negative health consequences of stressful life events. Is talking a stressor? Does social support mediate the effects of talking on blood pressure? Using procedures similar to those of Lynch, the study compared the cardiovascular responses of people high and low in perceived satisfaction with support provided by social contacts. Analysis of variance and simple correlations indicated that cardiovascular reactivity during both resting and talking states was negatively associated with social support.
‘Other children say you're not normal because you don't live with your parents’. Children's views of living with informal kinship carers: social networks, stigma and attachment to carers

Our re-analysis of census data shows that 95% of kinship arrangements are ‘informal’, i.e. made outside the formal child welfare system. Interviews with 80 children aged 8–18 years in informal kinship care and their carers showed that most children were well attached to their kin carers, but one-third had been taunted or bullied because they did not live with their parents. Many children tightly controlled who knew about this potentially stigmatizing information. Most children had good numbers of adults and children in their social networks, and for three-fifths, their parents were still key figures in their lives. The children who regarded few people as very important to them significantly more often lived with older kin carers (many of whom were in poor health), were more often anxious and depressed, and did not talk about their living situation to others. A considerable number of children worried about their carers’ poor health and about their own future if they died. The significance of these findings for statutory and voluntary services is discussed.