Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beyond Survival - Cognition after Pediatric Brain Tumor

Background: Pediatric Brain Tumor (PBT) survivors suffer from cognitive sequelae, especially within the areas of cognitive tempo, attention, executive function and memory. The cognitive difficulties are often accentuated over the years, but knowledge about the long term trajectory is still scarce. Aim: The aim of this thesis was to examine cognitive sequelae after Pediatric Brain Tumor (PBT); risk factors, common difficulties, development and neuroimaging correlates. Methods: In study I, data from medical logs were used to examine characteristics of the patients who got access to neuropsychological services, compared to those who did not. In study II, data from 70 neuropsychological assessments were used to describe common cognitive impairments and to find risk factors. In study III, patients were invited to a follow-up study 10-13 years after diagnosis. Neuropsychological and neuroimaging data were collected and the two were compared. In study IV, longitudinal cognitive data from 173 patients were analyzed in order to describe development over time and to find risk factors for a negative development. Results: Study I: There were few differences between referred and non-referred patients. Study II: Patients had generally suppressed IQ and difficulties with executive function, memory, cognitive processing speed and attention. Risk factors were Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy (WBRT), large tumors, young age at diagnosis and male sex. Study III: Radiated as well as non-radiated patients had white matter abnormalities. Correlation between neuroimaging and cognition was low when group based statistics were used, but increased when a personalized method was used. Study IV: Most cognitive abilities showed a decline in age related scores over time unconsidered treatment given. Risk factors for impaired cognitive function at diagnosis were: male sex, WBRT, supratentorial lateral tumor, young age at diagnosis, larger tumor size and treatment with chemotherapy. Conclusions: A systematic neuropsychological follow-up is important. Risk factors for cognitive impairment and IQ decline are WBRT, large tumors, young age at diagnosis, male sex, supratentorial lateral tumor, and treatment with chemotherapy. A decline in IQ after PBT is common, unconsidered treatment given. Personalized methods of research would contribute significantly to our understanding of cognitive sequelae after PBT and its relation to neuroimaging.
TCP Control Block Interdependence

This memo makes the case for interdependent TCP control blocks, where part of the TCP state is shared among similar concurrent connections, or across similar connection instances. TCP state includes a combination of parameters, such as connection state, current round- trip time estimates, congestion control information, and process information. This state is currently maintained on a per-connection basis in the TCP control block, but should be shared across connections to the same host. The goal is to improve transient transport performance, while maintaining backward-compatibility with existing implementations.
Sexual Identities and Political Engagements: A Queer Survey

This project asks if the theoretical contributions of queer theory accurately characterize sexual identity and politics in "mainstream" lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, transsexual, queer (LGBTQ) communities. Responses to a mail survey distributed in San Diego, California, and Albany, New York, indicate that self-identified queers are politically and sexually more radical than their nonqueer counterparts, supporting the contentions of queer theorists. Nonetheless, self-identified queers also support "traditional" movement goals, such as marriage, military service, and litigating for social change. In conclusion, we suggest that "queer" may complicate conceptions of political strategy as well as sexual and political identity.
Age-Related Differences in Cued Recall: Effects of Support at Encoding and Retrieval

The literature is unclear about the relative contributions of environmental supporting conditions to younger and older adults’ episodic memory performance. The work reported addresses the conditions under which different support patterns are obtained. In three experiments, younger and older adults learned picture-word pairs and were then tested with a cued-recall task. Supportive conditions included semantic relations between the pair members (all experiments), and first-letter cues for the target words at retrieval (Experiments 2 and 3). Results of the three experiments indicated different patterns of support for younger and older adults, depending on the number and location of the supporting conditions used. These different patterns are in line with the suggestion that whereas younger adults benefit substantially from support at encoding only, older adults require support at both encoding and retrieval. Alternative accounts of the results are also discussed.
Access, Status, and Representation: Some Reflections from Two Ethnographic Studies of Elite Schools

In this article, we use our experiences to demonstrate the limits of the “studying up” metaphor to capture the complexity of the dynamics involved in doing research on groups that occupy positions of power within social hierarchies. The article focuses on different facets of the research process, alternating between our individual narratives and a shared discussion of the significance of our experience for thinking about and doing research within the particular context of elite schools. [elite schools, ethnography, subjectivity, ethical issues].
Analyzing 911 Homicide Calls for Indicators of Guilt or Innocence

This study examined verbal indicators to critically analyze 911 homicide statements for predictive value in determining the caller's innocence or guilt regarding the offense. One hundred audio recordings and transcripts of 911 homicide telephone calls obtained from police and sheriffs departments throughout the United States provided the database for the study. Using qualitative approaches for formulating the linguistic attributes of these communications and appropriate quantitative analyses of the resulting variables, the likelihood of guilt or innocence of the 911 callers in these adjudicated cases was examined. The results suggest that the presence or absence of as many as 18 of the variables are associated with the likelihood of the caller's guilt or innocence regarding the offense of homicide. These results are suggestive of up to six distinct linguistic dimensions that may be useful for examination of all homicide calls to support effective investigations of these cases by law enforcement.
Connecting clinical teaching practice with instructional leadership

There have been persistent concerns over teacher pre-service education for decades. The basic model of university or college coursework plus practice teaching has been found wanting. Despite attempts to rectify this, beginning teachers in Australia rate themselves as not being well prepared when they begin full-time teaching. This article examines these concerns before offering an alternative. There are two aspects to this new model: a clinical approach to teacher pre-service education, coupled with new roles, practices and structures designed to overcome the so-called theory–practice gap and to enable implementation of clinical, interventionist practice. However, the adoption of a clinical approach to teacher education and teaching practice requires understanding, knowledge, commitment and support from education leaders if the cycle of teachers teaching as they were taught is to be broken. Educational leaders require a thorough grounding in instructional leadership for clinical teaching if real change towards evidence-based teaching practice is to occur.
Value-in-disposition

This study explores value-in-disposition: the reflective ways consumers use disposition process and prospects to enhance the value obtained from their possessions. Data from in-depth interviews and student essays highlight disposition as a process of revaluation of possessions and emphasize the significance of transferable value. The study elucidates the ways disposition conduits turn possessions into gifts, sacrifices, or commodities through which consumers transfer and create value by forming new relations and maintaining and strengthening their social connections. A darker side of disposition also emerges. In controlling the flow of their possessions, consumers reproduce a social order that favors and accentuates their own position. Finally, the study identifies various value enhancement and protection strategies through which consumers deal with nontransferable value and negotiate disposition. In doing so, it shows that the disposition process can trigger attachment to objects.
Stakeholder analysis in higher education

The issue of stakeholder identification and management is relatively well understood in the literature for private sector organisations (Christopher et al 2002, Rutterford et al 2006), and its importance is increasing across all developed countries (Maassen 2000, Wit and Verhoeven 2000, Peters 1996, Kettle 2002). However, whilst stakeholder theory has been advanced in commercial arenas (Donaldson and Preston 1995), there is less research in the public and non‐profit areas (Bryson 2004), particularly with regard to universities. Stakeholder identification and management are important disciplines in terms of effective management (Mitchell et al 1997) ‘making decisions’ and planning strategy (Bryson 2004), identifying problems to be solved (Freeman 1984), and ultimately knowing who may exert their influence over the organisation (Mitchell et al 1997). Identifying and understanding the stakeholders of relevance to an organisation, and their influence or interest, is therefore of key importance to managers and policy‐makers. The aim of this paper is to investigate this gap in the literature, namely specific understanding of stakeholders and the nature of stakeholder management for universities. In this context the study focuses on the identification and prioritisation of stakeholders for a UK university, a process that may be ‘key to the success of public sector organisations’ (Bryson 2004). Whilst stakeholder identification and classification is a familiar concept, its application to the particular context of a UK university is less explored, and this paper aims to drive more effective university stakeholder management through ‘improving management, creating public value and advancing the common good’ (Bryson 2004). The paper employs a case study approach that focuses on the University of Portsmouth, a large, modern UK university.
Natural Killer-Like T-Cell Lymphoma Localized to the Terminal Ileum: Case Report

Abstract Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes are non-organized lymphoid populations that are composed of heterogeneous subsets with diverse ontogeny and phenotypes, and the differential diagnosis is crucial. A 43-year-old male patient underwent an emergency laparotomy due to a perforated mass of the terminal ileum. A right hemicolectomy plus small bowel resection was performed. Histopathological examination showed medium to large cells with vesicular nuclei, including marked nucleoli with large, colorless cytoplasm. No signs of celiac disease were found in the adjacent mucosa. The tumor cells were immunohistochemically CD45+, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD56+, Pan-Cytokeratin-, CD20-, CD79a-, CD5- and CD30-. Endomysial antibody and antigliadin antibody, IgM and IgG tests; and anti-Ebstein Barr virus latent membrane protein all proved negative. Finally, the histopathological diagnosis of tumor mass was natural killer-like T-cell lymphoma. Primary intestinal cytotoxic natural killer-like T-cell lymphoma is a rare entity, which is difficult to distinguish from other T-cell lymphomas. In addition to microscopic evaluation, immunohistochemical analysis and serological tests are essential to reach a definitive diagnosis.
The rise (and decline) of American regional science: lessons for the new economic geography?

Regional science weaves in and out of the story of post-war economic geography. The vision of one man, the American economist Walter Isard, regional science represented the first systematic attempt to further joint work between geographers and economists. Within this context, the tasks of the paper are twofold. The first is to provide an interpretative history of the rise of regional science, and to a much lesser extent its decline. The interpretative framework derives from science studies, and in particular the work of Bruno Latour. The history is based on archival material and interviews. The second is to speculate briefly on the implications of both the interpretive framework used in the paper, and the history of regional science told, for the new economic geography that similarly attempts to convene discussions between economists and geographers. Copyright 2004, Oxford University Press.
Social Support and Reciprocity: A Cross-Ethnic and Cross-National Perspective

This cross-national study examined the perception of reciprocity in support relationships and the degree to which reciprocity predicts life satisfaction. Comparisons of white and black American elderly with elderly from south-western France indicate cultural differences. The French are much more likely to perceive their support relationships as reciprocal and very unlikely to report receiving less support than they provide. Among elderly white Americans, age, lower educational levels and functional limitations are associated with not perceiving support relationships as reciprocal. The pattern is similar but not significant among black Americans. French elderly with more functional limitations report that they receive less than they provide, whereas those who are married are more likely to report that their relations are reciprocal. Comparisons of white and black Americans over the full adult age range reveal that for white Americans, age, education, functional limitations, and marital status are important factors predicting reciprocity in social relations; for black Americans again the pattern is similar, but only functional limitations and marital status significantly predict reciprocity. Generally, reciprocal relationships are most positively related to life satisfaction in comparison to both receiving more or receiving less support in white and black American adults and American and French elderly.
Enhanced anti-tuberculosis immunity by a TAT-Ag85B protein vaccine in a murine tuberculosis model

Background: The development of more effective anti-tuberculosis vaccines would contribute to the control of the global problem of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Recently, increasing evidences showed that HIV-Tat protein transduction domain is implicated in promotion of vaccines by inducing cellular immuno-response. However, it is rare known about the role of TAT in vaccines against MTB. Methods: In this study, we expressed recombinant protein-fused Ag85B with TAT (TAT-Ag85B) which was used as a vaccine to inoculate mice infected with MTB. Results: As s result, both IgG2a in serum and IFN-γ or TNFα produced by spleen cells were all increased significantly in the mice inoculated by TAT-Ag85B. Furthermore, consistently, TAT-Ag85B inoculation significantly reduced MTB loads both in lung and spleen. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that a novel protein vaccine of TAT-Ag85B enhances immune response both in humoral and cellular immunity, and contributes to protective efficacy against MTB.
Wide Variation in Antibiotic Resistance Proteins Identified by Functional Metagenomic Screening of a Soil DNA Library

ABSTRACT Most genes for antibiotic resistance present in soil microbes remain unexplored because most environmental microbes cannot be cultured. Only recently has the identification of these genes become feasible through the use of culture-independent methods. We screened a soil metagenomic DNA library in an Escherichia coli host for genes that can confer resistance to kanamycin, gentamicin, rifampin, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, or tetracycline. The screen revealed 41 genes that encode novel protein variants of eight protein families, including aminoglycoside acetyltransferases, rifampin ADP-ribosyltransferases, dihydrofolate reductases, and transporters. Several proteins of the same protein family deviate considerably from each other yet confer comparable resistance. For example, five dihydrofolate reductases sharing at most 44% amino acid sequence identity in pairwise comparisons were equivalent in conferring trimethoprim resistance. We identified variants of aminoglycoside acetyltransferases and transporters that differ in the specificity of the drugs for which they confer resistance. We also found wide variation in protein structure. Two forms of rifampin ADP-ribosyltransferases, one twice the size of the other, were similarly effective at conferring rifampin resistance, although the short form was expressed at a much lower level. Functional metagenomic screening provides insight into the large variability in antibiotic resistance protein sequences, revealing divergent variants that preserve protein function.
REDUCING TRANSFER SHOCK THROUGH FACULTY COLLABORATION: A CASE STUDY

Numerous studies have revealed that students experience declines in grade point averages ("transfer shock") after transferring from 2‐year to 4‐year colleges or universities. An academic model (Eaton, 1990), stressing a close relationship between 2‐ and 4‐year faculties, has been recommended by the American Council on Education (Palmer & Eaton, 1991) as the means to improve the success of 2‐year transfer students. This study investigated whether faculty collaboration has an impact upon the transfer shock commonly experienced when students transfer from 2‐ to 4‐year colleges. Subjects included students who transferred from Highland Community College to Benedictine College over a six‐semester time period. The sample was divided into two categories. The first category consisted of students majoring in education, a field in which faculty collaboration had occurred. The second category consisted of students majoring in fields other than education, in which faculty collaboration had not yet occurred. Results su.
Cross‐Cultural Examination of Applicant Reactions to Selection Methods: United States and Vietnam

The current study explored the differences in applicant reactions to various selection methods in the United States and in Vietnam, an emerging economy that has been generally ignored in the selection and assessment literatures. College students (n = 376) from the United States and Vietnam rated the favorability of 10 selection methods and indicated the bases for their reactions on eight process fairness dimensions. Results showed that interviews and work sample tests were perceived most favorably, while personal contacts and graphology were perceived least favorably in both countries. Face validity of the selection methods was found to be the strongest predictor of process favorability in both countries. In addition, the results indicated substantial differences between the two countries in terms of the perceived interpersonal warmth of selection methods and a perceived employer's right to obtain information using the selection methods. Implications of the findings for multinational corporations and future research directions are discussed.
Impact of the motion and visual complexity of the background on players' performance in video game-like displays

The visual interfaces of virtual environments such as video games often show scenes where objects are superimposed on a moving background. Three experiments were designed to better understand the impact of the complexity and/or overall motion of two types of visual backgrounds often used in video games on the detection and use of superimposed, stationary items. The impact of background complexity and motion was assessed during two typical video game tasks: a relatively complex visual search task and a classic, less demanding shooting task. Background motion impaired participants' performance only when they performed the shooting game task, and only when the simplest of the two backgrounds was used. In contrast, and independently of background motion, performance on both tasks was impaired when the complexity of the background increased. Eye movement recordings demonstrated that most of the findings reflected the impact of low-level features of the two backgrounds on gaze control. Practitioner Summary: Variations in the low-level features of visual backgrounds may be used to control challenge in video games. Using a visually complex background will always increase game difficulty. For the simplest game tasks, background motion will also impair users' performance if background complexity is low.
Enhancing Students’ Engagement

All teachers (N = 32) at one middle school participated in a university-led intervention to improve student engagement. Teachers discussed four principles of motivation and related instructional strategies. Teachers enacted instructional strategies in their classrooms. We observed six randomly selected teachers and their students over 3 years. Analyses of the dynamic patterns of teacher-student interaction (using an application of state space grids) revealed two distinct patterns. The upward group (n = 3) showed an increase of teacher motivational support and student engagement. The stable group (n = 3) demonstrated low levels of both teacher motivational support and student engagement. Qualitative analyses of instructional differences between the two groups help explain student engagement. Implications include conceptualizing student engagement as interpersonal classroom activity and measuring change as developmental and dynamic phenomena.
Peer Review in the Funding of Research in Higher Education: The Australian Experience

In this article we evaluate the peer review process used to fund Australian university research across all disciplines. Peer reviews of research proposals (2,989 proposals, 6,233 external reviewers) submitted to the Australian Research Council (ARC) are related to characteristics of the researchers and of external reviewers. The reliability of the peer reviews was disappointingly low (interrater agreement of .53 for researcher ratings based on an average of 4.3 external reviewers per proposal). The gender and age of a researcher and the number of researchers on a research team did not affect the probability that funding would be granted, but professors were more likely to be funded than nonprofessors. Australian external reviewers gave lower ratings than did non-Australian reviewers, particularly those from North America. The number of external reviewers for each proposal and the number of proposals assessed by each external reviewer had small negative effects on ratings. Researcher-nominated external reviewers (those chosen by the authors of a research proposal) gave higher, less-reliable ratings than did panel-nominated external reviewers chosen by the ARC. To improve the reliability of peer reviews, we offer the following recommendations: (a) Researcher-nominated reviewers should not be used; (b) there should be more reviews per proposal; and (c) a smaller number of more highly selected reviewers should perform most of the reviews within each subdiscipline, thereby providing greater control over error associated with individual reviewers.