Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Full-chip multiple TSV-to-TSV coupling extraction and optimization in 3D ICs

TSV-to-TSV coupling is a new parasitic element in 3D ICs and can become a significant source of signal integrity problem. Existing studies on its extraction, however, becomes highly inaccurate when handling more than two TSVs on full-chip scale. In this paper we investigate the multiple TSV-to-TSV coupling issue and propose an accurate model that can be efficiently used for full-chip extraction. Unlike the common belief that only the closest neighboring TSVs affect the victim, our study shows that non-neighboring aggressors also cause non-negligible impact. Based on this observation, we propose an effective method of reducing the overall coupling level in multiple TSV cases.
Influence of Stand Establishment Techniques on Yield and Economics of Rice Cultivation in Kuttanad

Field experiment was conducted at Rice Research Station, Moncompu during kharif 2012 to study the effect of different stand establishment techniques on yield and economics of rice cultivation in Kuttanad. The experiment was laid out in RBD replicated four times with five treatments in plots of 60 m 2 . Mechanized transplanting at 22 x 14 cm with early post emergence application of pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10 % WP @ 20 g ai ha -1 on seven DAT (days after transplanting) followed by hand weeding at 40 DAT significantly influenced the growth and yield attributes and recorded higher grain yield (5350 kg ha -1 ), straw yield (9140 kg ha -1 ), gross returns (100090 Rs ha -1 ), net returns (73303 Rs ha -1 ) and B: C ratio (3.74). Among the direct seeding techniques, drum seeding with early post emergence application of pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10 % WP @ 20 g ai ha -1 on seven DAS (days after sowing) followed by hand weeding at 40 DAS recorded higher gross returns, net returns and B: C ratio. The lowest grain yield (4566 kg ha -1 ), gross returns (86127 Rs ha -1 ) , net returns (56777 Rs ha -1 ) were recorded in broad casting of pregerminated weeds with early post emergence application of pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10 % WP @ 20 g ai ha -1 on seven DAS followed by hand weeding at 40 DAS. The dry weight of weeds were found to be less in treatments with post emergence application of pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10 % WP @ 20 g ai ha -1 followed by hand weeding at 40 DAS/DAT than conoweeding at 15, 30 and 40 DAT. Conoweeding alone failed to control weeds effectively, but it influences the crop growth and yield by stimulating aeration and root growth.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of enrofloxacin and a low dose of amikacin administered via regional intravenous limb perfusion in standing horses.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic parameters of enrofloxacin and a low dose of amikacin administered via regional IV limb perfusion (RILP) in standing horses. ANIMALS 14 adult horses. PROCEDURES Standing horses (7 horses/group) received either enrofloxacin (1.5 mg/kg) or amikacin (250 mg) via RILP (involving tourniquet application) in 1 forelimb. Samples of interstitial fluid (collected via implanted capillary ultrafiltration devices) from the bone marrow (BMIF) of the third metacarpal bone and overlying subcutaneous tissues (STIF), blood, and synovial fluid of the radiocarpal joint were collected prior to (time 0) and at intervals after tourniquet release for determination of drug concentrations. For pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analyses, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 16 microg/mL (amikacin) and 0.5 microg/mL (enrofloxacin) were applied. RESULTS After RILP with enrofloxacin, 3 horses developed vasculitis. The highest synovial fluid concentrations of enrofloxacin and amikacin were detected at time 0; median values (range) were 13.22 microg/mL (0.254 to 167.9 microg/mL) and 26.2 microg/mL (5.78 to 50.0 microg/mL), respectively. Enrofloxacin concentrations exceeded MIC for approximately 24 hours in STIF and synovial fluid and for 36 hours in BMIF. After perfusion of amikacin, concentrations greater than the MIC were not detected in any samples. Effective therapeutic concentrations of enrofloxacin were attained in all samples. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In horses with orthopedic infections, RILP of enrofloxacin (1.5 mg/kg) should be considered as a treatment option. However, care must be taken during administration. A dose of amikacin > 250 mg is recommended to attain effective tissue concentrations via RILP in standing horses.
Social work is context-bound: The need for indigenization of social work practice in Nigeria

This article evaluates how and to what extent indigenization of social work profession and practice in Nigeria can occur. There is a need to indigenize social work because of the shortcomings and inadequacies of Western social work theories and practices in addressing Nigerian social problems. For social work to succeed here, culture and tradition must be taken into consideration. Social work education and practices should incorporate some valuable local social-cultural practices. Social work should be indigenized in local contexts, that is, to accommodate the socio-cultural complexities of the over 350 ethnic groups and cultures in Nigeria.
New roles, old stereotypes – developing a school workforce in English schools

In this paper, the author explores the development of school staff who are employed to support pupils in the classroom, specifically the teaching assistant/higher level teaching assistant role. These roles have undergone considerable change following the introduction of Workforce Reform and Remodelling in English schools and the National Agreement. In practice, the introduction of this agreement into schools appears to have a powerful gendered aspect which limits choice and agency for individuals and prevents the development of a coherent workforce. I argue that the discourse of maternality within which the school support role has evolved supposes a level of self-sacrifice and conscientiousness which is gendered and conceals the exploitative nature of the role in terms of poor pay and career prospects. Furthermore, the growth of support staff in English schools to undertake roles previously assigned to teachers has had the effect of disaggregating and de-professionalising the teacher role and weakening the traditional job boundaries which defined the work of support staff.
The Life-Cycle Pattern of Collegiate GPA: Longitudinal Cohort Analysis and Grade Inflation

Individual semester-by-semester undergraduate grade point average for each of the eight semesters of the collegiate academic life cycle for five entire student cohorts for the classes of 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002 at a large, private university in the northeast (N = 12,663) reveal a "check-mark" pattern: students' grades fell in the second semester, rose thereafter, and slumped in the last academic term. Attrition and participation in the Greek system explain over half of the longitudinal change in academic achievement. A comparison of the five cohorts of students indicates a rate of grade inflation comparable to that obtained for multischool studies covering the period 1960 to the late 1990s.
Bilingual Language Processing

This article provides an overview of the psycholinguistic research concerning the processes and representations that bilinguals use while processing language. We review the lexical, semantic, and syntactic levels of bilingual processing. The main conclusion from this review is that the different languages of bilinguals strongly influence each other during processing. Therefore, we end with a brief overview of some recent research about how bilinguals are able to keep this interference under control. Throughout the review we will point towards promising future developments.
Persistent Fetal γ-Globin Expression in Adult Transgenic Mice following Deletion of Two Silencer Elements Located 3′ to the Human Aγ-Globin Gene

Natural deletions of the human γ-globin gene cluster lead to specific syndromes characterized by increased production of fetal hemoglobin in adult life and provide a useful model to delineate novel cis-acting elements involved in the developmental control of hemoglobin switching. A hypothesis accounting for these phenotypic features assumes that silencers located within the Aγ-to δ-gene region are deleted in hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) and δβ-thalassemias, leading to failure of switching. In the present study, we sought to clarify the in vivo role of two elements, termed Enh and F, located 3′ to the Aγ-globin, in silencing the fetal genes. To this end, we generated three transgenic lines using cosmid constructs containing the full length of the globin locus control region (LCR) linked to the 3.3-kb Aγ-gene lacking both the Enh and F elements. The Enh/F deletion resulted in high levels of Aγ-globin gene expression in adult mice in all single copy lines, whereas, the LCR-Aγ single copy lines which retain the Enh and F elements exhibited complete normal switching of the fetal Aγ-gene. Our study documents directly for the first time the in vivo role of these two gene-proximal negative regulatory elements in silencing the fetal globin gene in the perinatal period, and thus these data may permit their eventual exploitation in therapeutic approaches for thalassemias.
Music Participation and Nonparticipation of Nonmajors on College Campuses

ABSTR ACT The purpose of this study was to survey students on college (university) campuses to generate knowledge about music participation and nonparticipation by nonmajors in order to better inform school music practices. Volunteer research assistants (N = 24), located at multiple sites across the United States and beyond, assisted with the data-gathering process, which involved a short on-the-street survey of passersby. In addition to ascertaining participation and nonparticipation in music and possible relationships with selected variables (academic year, academic major, race/ethnicity, gender, musical instrument), the survey sought responses aimed at discerning reasons for participation and nonparticipation, and the likelihood of future participation. Results revealed a reported rate of participation in music ensembles of 14.6%, with an attrition rate of 75–80% for those citing high school music involvement. There were few significant relationships with selected variables, suggesting that college music participation is likely a phenomenon not reducible to isolated variables. The most frequently cited reason for nonparticipation among those with precollege experience was “I don’t have the time. ” The highest-rated item among college music participants was “I love my instrument and/or I love singing. ” Reported likelihood of future participation was significantly higher for current participants than for nonparticipants with precollege experience, but was not especially strong overall, raising the question of whether college music participation is viewed as a transition activity or as an indicator of lifelong participation in music.
Towards a search for the meaning of entrepreneurship

Purpose – The primary purpose of this literature review paper is to address the question why it is difficult to define entrepreneurship despite the amount of research that has taken place in the field. In addition, the paper also aims to demonstrate how the struggle to define entrepreneurship has impacted on entrepreneurial careers in Kenya.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviewed literature on different approaches used by researchers in the struggle to define entrepreneurship. It focused mainly on the trait, behavioral and opportunity identification approaches. It critically examined the extent to which each approach has attempted to explain what entrepreneurship is, and suggests research questions, methodologies and techniques that will do justice to the complexity of defining entrepreneurship.Findings – The findings of the literature review showed that none of the approaches used to define entrepreneurship gives a comprehensive picture of entrepreneurship. There is a lack of a common definition.
The Ethnic Identification of Same-Race Children in Intercountry Adoption

ABSTRACT Intercountry adoption is a worldwide phenomenon that has been drawing an ever-increasing amount of research attention. The vast majority of that research has focused on transracial adoptive relationships and, in particular, the ethnic socialization and adjustment of children adopted into racially different families. Very little is known about the ethnic identity development of internationally adopted children who are racially similar to their adoptive parents. In the current study, 50 children adopted into New Zealand from Eastern Europe were interviewed on their ethnic self-identification and self-concept. The adoptees scored in the midrange on an ethnic identity scale and in the high range on a self-concept scale. However, no correlation was found between the two indices, suggesting that ethnic self-identification and self-concept operate independent of each other. These results, plus additional data collected during the interviews, are discussed in light of the New Zealand context and as they relate to the transracial adoption literature.
PhoneLens: A Low-Cost, Spatially Aware, Mobile-Interaction Device

Large paper sheets are still the most preferred medium used by engineers to inspect remote sites. However, these paper documents are hard to modify and retrieve. This paper presents a novel, spatially aware, mobile system (called PhoneLens) which combines the merits of paper documents and mobile devices. It augments paper documents with digital information. Different from previous approaches, PhoneLens is inexpensive. It includes two infrared LEDs (i.e., light-emitting diodes), one Wiimote, and one Android device. Based on the hardware setting, we developed an efficient spatial-tracking algorithm to record the movement of a mobile device within a large workspace. Our approach is robust and applicable to various scenarios. PhoneLens provides different functions to browse a multivalent document, such as browsing different layers, searching annotations, and zooming. We conducted a controlled study that compared the participants' performance with PhoneLens against a traditional paper-based method with a multivalent paper document at a significance level of p <; 0.05. The following results were obtained from the study: 1) PhoneLens was significantly more efficient than the paper-based method on search and measurement tasks; 2) PhoneLens was rated higher on subjects' overall experience than the paper-based method; and 3) the usefulness of the training on PhoneLens was positively correlated with subjects' browsing efficiency.
RECALL OF SCHEMATIC AND NON-SCHEMATIC MATERIAL RELATED TO THREAT IN SOCIALLY ANXIOUS AND NONANXIOUS INDIVIDUALS

The present study examined the recall of material representative and non representative of schemata for social and evaluative situations. Socially anxious (n = 24) and nonanxious (n = 25) individuals were presented with three positively valenced and three negatively valenced prose passages describing common social and evaluative scenarios. Eight of the sentences in each passage described events representative of the schema content of most individuals, whereas three of the sentences in each passage described events that are not representative of typical schema content. Participants completed a free recall task in both immediate (i.e. 2 minutes) and delayed (i.e. one week) recall conditions. Although there were no group differences as a function of type of content (i.e. schematic, non-schematic), socially anxious individuals were less likely than nonanxious individuals to accurately recall the gist of passages containing negative information in the immediate recall condition. In all, this study provided little evidence for the influence of maladaptive schema content on memory for threatening material in anxious individuals, but it added to an increasingly large literature suggesting that some types of anxiety are associated with an avoidance of processing emotional material.
Evaluation of an opa gene-based nucleic acid amplification test for detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in urogenital samples in North India

SUMMARY Due to the poor positive predictive value of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for gonorrhoea when applied to a low-prevalence setting, current guidelines recommend the use of supplementary polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting a different gene for confirmation of true positives in urogenital specimens. This study sought to standardize and evaluate performance of an in-house opa gene-based PCR assay for gonorrhoea compared to assays targeting the porA pseudogene and 16S rRNA gene. Four hundred samples (300 endocervical, 100 urethral swabs) from patients attending STD clinics in New Delhi, India were used. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the opa-based PCR were 100%, 97·9%, 89·5% and 100%, respectively. In females, the use of NAATs provided enhanced diagnosis of gonorrhoea.
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, DOVE, AND DIVORCE MEDIATION

The primary objective of this article is to describe DOVE, a 19-item instrument designed to assess and manage the risk of domestic violence between partners during and following their participation in divorce mediation. Assessing risk, more specifically how DOVE can be used to assess risk, is described first. The resulting risk scores (TOTDOVE) are used to assign individuals to risk categories. Problems associated with using categorical, frequency, and probability risk assessment formats in interpreting and communicating risk are discussed in the second segment of the article. A dual, categorical/probability format is advocated. Managing risk using Safety Plan interventions that are linked with risk category and predictor subscores on control, substance abuse, anger, relationship problems, mental health problems, and conflict is covered in the final segment.
Perceptions of stigma: the parents of autistic children

This paper reports the findings of a qualitative study of courtesy stigma among 32 parents of autistic children. The results indicate that autism has uniquely stigmatising aspects because of the extremely disruptive nature of autistic symptoms, the normal physical appearance of autistic children, and the lack of public knowledge and understanding regarding the nature of autism. Most parents perceived themselves to be stigmatised by their child's disorder. There was a strong tendency for mothers to feel more stigmatised than fathers. Parents with more severely disabled children and children who were under the age of twelve were also somewhat more likely to perceive themselves to be stigmatised.
Market equilibrium with heterogeneous behavioural and classical investors' preferences

Starting from the theory of portfolio selection under Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT) in a one period model, we firstly present some remarks connected with the violation of the so-called loss aversion in the case of power utility functions. The main contribution of this paper comes from the analysis of two equilibrium models. In the first one, an Expected Utility (EU) maximizer, a CPT agent and an accommodating market maker are allowed to interact. We show that there can be equilibria with null, positive or total risky investment by the CPT trader. Our results are then compared to an analogous model with two EU maximizers. On the contrary, the second financial market is populated by a sufficiently large number of EU agents and CPT agents, each of them being price maker and endowed with possibly heterogeneous preferences, these two facts being new to the literature. This time EU traders fully invest in stocks whereas CPT traders stay out of the risky market. For both models, equilibrium existence and robustness is shown using analytical and numerical methods.
Changing trends in pediatric renal biopsies: analysis of pediatric renal biopsies in national nephrology registry data

Abstract Renal biopsy is the gold standard method for determining the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in children with renal disease. This study aims to evaluate the histopathological features of pediatric renal biopsies obtained from the national nephrology registry in the last two decades. Data recorded in the Turkish Society of Nephrology Registry System (TSNRS) in 1991 as well as in between 2001 and 2010 were analyzed. A total of 3892 biopsies were recorded; with the least number in 1991 (total 103 biopsies from 17 centers) and the highest number in 2008 (total 654 biopsies from 23 centers). Glomerular diseases constituted the main group in the registry (62.64%), followed by systemic diseases (20.06%). Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP) nephritis (IgA vasculitis) were the most common glomerular and systemic diseases, respectively. Overall prevalence of renal amyloidosis and membranous nephropathy (MN) was quite low (1.87% and 1.56%, respectively) in all periods. Compared to 1991, there was an increasing trend in the frequencies of certain disorders including hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), IgA nephropathy, and HSP nephritis; and there was a decrease in acute proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN) in 2008. As well as demonstrating the etiologies of renal diseases which can only be identified by renal biopsies, this study provides important information regarding the changing patterns of histopathological findings due to better management of pediatric renal diseases over the years in Turkey.
French Fertility and Education Transition: Rational Choice vs. Cultural Diffusion

We analyze how much a rational-choice model can explain the temporal and spatial variation in fertility and school enrollment in France during the 19th century. The originality of our approach is in our reliance on a structural estimation technique that exploits the restrictions implied by the first-order conditions to identify the deep parameters. Another new dimension is our use of gendered education data, allowing us to have a richer theory that includes mothers, fathers, boys and girls. Results indicate that the rational-choice model explains 38 percent of the variation of fertility over time and across counties, as well as 71 percent and 83 percent of school enrollment of boys and girls, respectively. The analysis of the residuals (unexplained by the economic model) indicates that additional insights might be gained by considering cross-county differences in family structure and cultural barriers.
Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling

Interactive surfaces could be employed in urban environments to make people more aware of moving vehicles, showing drivers' intentions and the subsequent position of vehicles. To explore the usage of projections while cycling, we created a system that displays a map for navigation and signals cyclist intention. The first experiment compared the task of map navigation on a display projected on a road surface in front of the bicycle with a head-up display (HUD) consisting of a projection on a windshield. The HUD system was considered safer and easier to use. In our second experiment, we used projected surfaces to implement concepts inspired by Gibson's perception theory of driving that were combined with detection of conventional cycling gestures to signal and visualize turning intention. The comparison of our system with an off-the-shelf turn signal system showed that gesture input was easier to use. A web-based follow-up study based on the recording of the two signalling systems from the perspective of participants in traffic showed that with the gesture-projector system it was easier to understand and predict the cyclist intention.