Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coping and Social Support as Mediators of the Relation of Optimism to Depressive Symptoms Among Black College Students

This investigation examines mechanisms through which optimism may influence psychological adjustment among 133 Black college students. Specifically, this study evaluates the extent to which active and avoidant coping and social support account for the association between optimism and depressive symptoms. Participants completed questionnaires that included the Life Orientation Test-Revised, the COPE, the Social Provisions Scale, and the 12-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Avoidant coping and social support mediated the relation between optimism and depressive symptoms, whereas active coping did not mediate this relationship. Results partially replicate those of prior research and illustrate the need for culturally sensitive theory regarding the combined effect of personality, coping strategies, and social support on psychological adjustment to stressful situations.
β-Arrestin–biased signaling mediates memory reconsolidation

Significance β-Adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) are hormone and neurotransmitter receptors. The data we present in this paper challenge the assumption that memory reconsolidation is governed by the traditional β-AR/G protein signaling pathway. We found that memory reconsolidation is mediated by a β-arrestin–dependent β-adrenergic signaling pathway. Our experiments demonstrate that upon memory retrieval, a β1-AR/β-arrestin2/ERK pathway is activated in distinct brain areas, stimulating de novo protein synthesis and inducing postretrieval memory restabilization. Moreover, memory reconsolidation can be disrupted by propranolol, but not biased β-blockers such as carvedilol and alprenolol. Our study thus demonstrates that memory reconsolidation is mediated by a β-arrestin–biased β-adrenergic signaling pathway and reveals the therapeutic potential for β-arrestin–biased ligands in the treatment of memory-related disorders. A long-standing hypothesis posits that a G protein-coupled signaling pathway mediates β-adrenergic nervous system functions, including learning and memory. Here we report that memory retrieval (reactivation) induces the activation of β1-adrenergic β-arrestin signaling in the brain, which stimulates ERK signaling and protein synthesis, leading to postreactivation memory restabilization. β-Arrestin2-deficient mice exhibit impaired memory reconsolidation in object recognition, Morris water maze, and cocaine-conditioned place preference paradigms. Postreactivation blockade of both brain β-adrenergic Gs protein- and β-arrestin–dependent pathways disrupts memory reconsolidation. Unexpectedly, selective blockade of the Gs/cAMP/PKA signaling but not the β-arrestin/ERK signaling by the biased β-adrenergic ligands does not inhibit reconsolidation. Moreover, the expression of β-arrestin2 in the entorhinal cortex of β-arrestin 2–deficient mice rescues β1-adrenergic ERK signaling and reconsolidation in a G protein pathway-independent manner. We demonstrate that β-arrestin–biased signaling regulates memory reconsolidation and reveal the potential for β-arrestin–biased ligands in the treatment of memory-related disorders.
Innovative School-University Partnerships: Co-Teaching in Secondary Settings

A unique co-teaching partnership with professional development was created with two local high schools and a university teacher education program. The model was implemented to strengthen teacher candidate practicum experience and inservice teacher development. Three themes emerged from the design-based research: classroom climate, lesson planning/implementation/assessment, and differentiation. As a result of the co-teaching model with professional development, teacher candidates perceived increased support and guidance on all aspects of classroom practice. Cooperating teachers deepened their own understanding of teaching and learning in the classroom. High school students in co-taught classrooms reported positive classroom climate, increased engagement, individualized instruction, and feedback. Overall, teaching collaboratively was found to enhance student learning and promote teacher candidate and cooperating teacher growth.
Fats and Fatty Acid Requirements for Adults

Overweight and Obesity In most countries, the prevalence of obesity and overweight have increased severely [WHO, 2000]. Some prospective studies have demonstrated that foods high in fat and energy are associated with weight gain [Klesges et al., 1992; Schulz et al., 2002; Newby et al., 2003]. On the other hand, other prospective studies have yielded conflicting results on this topic [Colditz et al., 1990; Kant et al., 1995; Ludwig et al., 1999]. A randomized intervention trial of 48,835 postmenopausal women investigated the relationship between increasing obesity and low-fat and high-carbohydrate diets in the USA. The women (19,541) in the intervention group (29.8% fat from energy) reduced their body weight in the first year and kept a lower weight compared with the control group (38.1% fat from energy) during an average of 7.5 years of follow-up [Howard et al., 2006]. In another randomized study, the goal was to evaluate the effects of increased fruit and vegetable intake and reduced fat and sugar intake in families at risk of offspring obesity. The increase in fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with a lowered high-fat and high-sugar intake. The dietary changes resulted in a significant decrease in percentage of overweight in adults and prevented obesity in the children [Epstein et al., 2001]. Introduction
Adverse Outcome of Early Recurrent Ischemic Stroke Secondary to Atrial Fibrillation after Repeated Systemic Thrombolysis

Background. Recurrent ischemic stroke is associated with adverse neurological outcome in patients with atrial fibrillation. There is very scarce information regarding the neurological outcome of atrial fibrillation patients undergoing repeated systemic thrombolysis after early recurrent ischemic stroke. Clinical Case and Discussion. We describe a case of a 76-year-old woman with known paroxysmal atrial fibrillation who was admitted because of an acute right middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke and who underwent repeated systemic thrombolysis within 110 hours. The patient underwent systemic thrombolysis after the first ischemic stroke with almost complete neurological recovery. On the fourth day after treatment, an acute left middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke was diagnosed and she was treated with full-dose intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. A hemorrhagic transformation of the left middle cerebral artery infarction was noted on follow-up cranial computed tomographic scans. The patient did not recover from the second cerebrovascular event and died 25 days after admission. Conclusion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case reporting the adverse neurological outcome of a patient with diagnosis of atrial fibrillation undergoing repeated systemic thrombolysis after early recurrent ischemic stroke. Our report represents a contribution to the scarce available evidence suggesting that repeated systemic thrombolysis for recurrent ischemic stroke should be avoided.
CAL1, a gene required for activity of chitin synthase 3 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The CAL1 gene was cloned by complementation of the defect in Calcofluor- resistant calR1 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Transformation of the mutants with a plasmid carrying the appropriate insert restored Calcofluor sensitivity, wild-type chitin levels and normal spore maturation. Southern blots using the DNA fragment as a probe showed hybridization to a single locus. Allelic tests indicated that the cloned gene corresponded to the calR1 locus. The DNA insert contains a single open-reading frame encoding a protein of 1,099 amino acids with a molecular mass of 124 kD. The predicted amino acid sequence shows several regions of homology with those of chitin synthases 1 and 2 from S. cerevisiae and chitin synthase 1 from Candida albicans. calR1 mutants have been found to be defective in chitin synthase 3, a trypsin- independent synthase. Transformation of the mutants with a plasmid carrying CAL1 restored chitin synthase 3 activity; however, overexpression of the enzyme was not achieved even with a high copy number plasmid. Since Calcofluor-resistance mutations different from calR1 also result in reduced levels of chitin synthase 3, it is postulated that the products of some of these CAL genes may be limiting for expression of the enzymatic activity. Disruption of the CAL1 gene was not lethal, indicating that chitin synthase 3 is not an essential enzyme for S. cerevisiae.
Tweeting AI: Perceptions of AI-Tweeters (AIT) vs Expert AI-Tweeters (EAIT)

With the recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI), various organizations and individuals started debating about the progress of AI as a blessing or a curse for the future of the society. This paper conducts an investigation on how the public perceives the progress of AI by utilizing the data shared on Twitter. Specifically, this paper performs a comparative analysis on the understanding of users from two categories -- general AI-Tweeters (AIT) and the expert AI-Tweeters (EAIT) who share posts about AI on Twitter. Our analysis revealed that users from both the categories express distinct emotions and interests towards AI. Users from both the categories regard AI as positive and are optimistic about the progress of AI but the experts are more negative than the general AI-Tweeters. Characterization of users manifested that `London' is the popular location of users from where they tweet about AI. Tweets posted by AIT are highly retweeted than posts made by EAIT that reveals greater diffusion of information from AIT.
Dependence of the Microporosity of Activated Carbons on the Lignocellulosic Composition of the Precursors

A series of activated carbons were prepared by physical steam gasification under identical experimental conditions to compare the pore development from almond tree pruning chars and walnut shell activated carbons. The results obtained showed that steam gasification yields microporous carbons in both cases, and the rise in temperature causes an increase of the pore volumes of the activated carbons, up to a certain degree of burn-off. This effect was more marked for walnut shell, which gave rise to activated carbons with apparent surface values of up to 1434 m2 g−1. Also, a slight widening of porosity was found at low burn-off degrees. This pore widening was more marked in the case of activated carbons from almond tree pruning, which also have a high macropore volume. It was found that the lignocellulosic and porosity properties of the raw materials can cause this different behavior towards activation processes.
Meta-Analysis in Education: A Reply to Slavin

rors of interpretation in Slavin's article. Each section was developed by one or more of the authors of the synthesis criticized in Slavin's article. Slavin invokes two old objections to how meta-analysis is used: "You can't combine apples and oranges," and "You shouldn't perpetuate the results of sloppy research. " These have been debated at length in various books and journals, and it is not our intent to rehash this debate. We merely note that the debate long ago resulted in the general use of procedures to test the presence and degree of such problems, that the procedures are described in several sources (notably Glass, McGaw & Smith, 1981; and Smith, Glass & Miller, 1980) and that merely raising the issues once again neither validates them nor successfully convicts meta-analysts of failing to deal with them.
Estudo da densidade espectral e da coerência do eletroencefalograma em indivíduos adultos normais e com doença de Alzheimer provável

Comparamos 40 individuos normais com mais de 60 anos de idade e 40 pacientes com diagnosticos de doenca de Alzheimer (DA) provavel, leve ou moderada. Exploramos a analise quantitativa do EEG determinando a densidade espectral de potencia, a coerencia ordinaria e a coerencia parcial direcionada (CPD). Dentre os parâmetros estudados, a frequencia do pico de densidade espectral foi o mais importante para diferenciar os dois grupos. Na analise por CPD constatou-se menor conectividade funcional nos pacientes com DA do que nos controles, com diferenca estatisticamente significativa da conectividade nas regioes posteriores. Nossos resultados indicam que a EEGq pode ser um instrumento util no auxilio ao diagnostico na DA / We compared 40 healthy over 60 year-old subjects with 40 mild and moderate AD patients using three different quantitative methods for EEG analysis: spectral density, ordinary coherence, and newly introduced partial directed coherence. The peak of spectral density was the most important parameter for discriminating the two groups. The partial directed coherence analysis showed smaller number of connectivity in AD patients compared to controls subjects, and the most significant difference were the midline cross-connection count in the posterior brain area. Our results support the inclusion of qEEG parameters as a useful diagnostic tools in AD.
Current Perspectives : Possible Approaches to Noninvasive Diagnosis of Oesophageal Varices

Current guidelines recommend that all cirrhotic patients should undergo screening endoscopy at diagnosis to identify patients with varices at high risk of bleeding who will benefit from primary prophylaxis. This approach places a heavy burden upon endoscopy units and the repeated testing over time may have a detrimental effect on patient compliance. Noninvasive identification of patients at highest risk for oesophageal varices would limit investigation to those most likely to benefit. Upper GI endoscopy is deemed to be the gold standard against which all other tests are compared, but is not without its limitations. Multiple studies have been performed assessing clinical signs and variables relating to liver function, variables relating to liver fibrosis, and also to portal hypertension and hypersplenism. Whilst some tests are clearly preferable to patients, none appear to be as accurate as upper GI endoscopy in the diagnosis of oesophageal varices. The search for noninvasive tests continues.
Effect of Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Pro12Ala Polymorphism on Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis

Background The association between peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) Pro12Ala polymorphism and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is still controversial. A meta-analysis was performed. Material/Methods We conducted a literature search using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochran databases. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Fixed-effects and random-effects models were used. Dominant model, recessive model, and additive model were used in this meta-analysis. Results Fifteen studies including 13575 cases and 17085 controls were included in our meta-analysis. Result of this meta-analysis found that PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism was significantly associated with a reduced risk of CRC (OR=0.90; 95% CI 0.83–0.98; P=0.01). No significant association was found between PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism and CRC risk in Asians (OR=0.80; 95% CI 0.60–1.09; P=0.15). However, PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism was significantly associated with a reduced risk of CRC in Caucasians (OR=0.91; 95% CI 0.83–0.99; P=0.03). When stratified analysis was performed by CRC site, no positive association was found between PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism and rectal cancer (OR=0.95; 95% CI 0.74–1.22; P=0.71). However, a reduced risk of colon cancer was observed (OR=0.85; 95% CI 0.76–0.94; P=0.002). Conclusions In summary, this study suggests that PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism was a protective factor of CRC.
Resident-Assisted Montessori Programming (RAMP): training persons with dementia to serve as group activity leaders.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an activity implemented by means of Resident-Assisted Montessori Programming (RAMP). DESIGN AND METHODS Four persons with early-stage dementia were trained to serve as leaders for a small-group activity played by nine persons with more advanced dementia. Assessments of leaders' ability to learn the procedures of leading a group, as well as their satisfaction with this role, were taken, as were measures of players' engagement and affect during standard activities programming and RAMP activities. RESULTS Leaders demonstrated the potential to fill the role of group activity leader effectively, and they expressed a high level of satisfaction with this role. Players' levels of positive engagement and pleasure during the RAMP activity were higher than during standard group activities. IMPLICATIONS This study suggests that to the extent that procedural learning is available to persons with early-stage dementia, especially when they are assisted with external cueing, these individuals can successfully fill the role of volunteers when working with persons with more advanced dementia. This can provide a meaningful social role for leaders and increase access to high quality activities programming for large numbers of persons with dementia.
Oxidative stress response in sugarcane

A resposta ao estresse oxidativo nao e bem conhecida em plantas como em bacterias, leveduras e humanos. Por exemplo, assume-se que oxido nitrico tem varias funcoes em plantas apesar do gene que codificaria para oxido nitrico sintetase nunca ter sido isolado. Este trabalho descreve os resultados de uma busca no banco de dados de sequencias expressas de cana de acucar (SUCEST) de genes envolvidos na resposta ao estresse oxidativo. Eu nao encontrei genes similares a oxido nitrico no banco de dados do SUCEST, mas uma via alternativa para a producao deste radical livre pode ser proposta. Eu tambem encontrei varios genes envolvidos na defesa antioxidante, como quelantes de metais, antioxidantes de baixo peso molecular, enzimas antioxidantes e sistemas de reparo. Ascorbato (vitamina C) e um importante antioxidante em plantas porque e encontrado em altas concentracoes em celulas vegetais e porque e substrato de ascorbato peroxidase, uma enzima que eu encontrei em diferentes isoformas no banco de dados do SUCEST. Eu tambem encontrei varias enzimas envolvidas na biossintese de antioxidantes de baixo peso molecular que podem ser alvos para manipulacao genetica. A obtencao de plantas modificadas geneticamente que sintetizariam vitaminas C e E em altos niveis poderiam melhorar o valor nutricional e a tolerância a estresses de cana de acucar. Os diversos componentes do sistema de defesa antioxidante interagem entre si e as suas sinteses devem ser muito bem reguladas. Fatores de transcricao envolvidos na regulacao da resposta ao estresse oxidativo de bacterias, leveduras e de humanos diferem consideravelmente entre si e quando foram utilizados para buscas no banco de dados do SUCEST, somente genes com similaridades fracas foram encontrados, sugerindo que estas proteinas nao sao muito conservadas. O envolvimento de especies reativas de oxigenio e nitrogenio na defesa de plantas contra patogenos tambem e discutido neste trabalho.
Expression of 150-kd Oxygen-Regulated Protein in the Hippocampus Suppresses Delayed Neuronal Cell Death

ORP150—150-kd oxygen-regulated protein—is a novel stress protein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). To investigate the role of ORP150 in delayed neuronal cell death, the authors examined its expression in the gerbil brain after an ischemic insult. The expression of ORP150 antigen, as well as its transcripts, was observed in the CA1 region after the occlusion of the common carotid artery, and the preconditioning enhanced this expression. In cultured neurons, exposure either to hypoxia or to glutamate induced the expression of ORP150, and this effect was also observed by treating the culture with breferdin A or thapsigargin, indicating that both glutamate and hypoxia can cause stress in the ER (ER stress). Neurons became more vulnerable to these stresses following treatment with cycloheximide or after infection with an adenovirus carrying the ORP150-antisense structure. In contrast, the overexpression of ORP150 by an adenovirus suppressed neuronal cell death, and this was accompanied by the suppression of Ca2+ elevation and proteolytic activity induced by glutamate. Further, overexpression of ORP150 in CA1 neurons by an adenovirus carrying the ORP150-sense structure suppressed delayed neuronal cell death after ischemia. These data suggest a possible function of ORP150 as an intracellular apparatus that participates in a protective response in ischemic tolerance.
Math anxiety and attitudes in pre-service elementary teachers

v List of Figures . xi List of Tables . xii Chapter One: Introduction . 1 Theoretical Framework . 2 Change Theory . 4 Significance.5 Research Questions . 6 Chapter Two: Leadership Theory in Use . 8 Vision, Values and Personal Mission Statement . 9 Vision . 9 Values . 11 Mission Statement . 16 Leadership Theories . 16 Primary Theory . 16 Thoughts About Change . 20 Supporting Leadership Theories . 23 Follower Needs . 28 Maslow . 28 Situational Leadership . 32 Connection to Action Research Project . 33 Summary . 35
Angiopoietin-1/Tie2 Signal Augments Basal Notch Signal Controlling Vascular Quiescence by Inducing Delta-Like 4 Expression through AKT-mediated Activation of β-Catenin*

Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) regulates both vascular quiescence and angiogenesis through the receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2. We and another group previously showed that Ang1 and Tie2 form distinct signaling complexes at cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts. We further demonstrated that the former up-regulates Notch ligand delta-like 4 (Dll4) only in the presence of cell-cell contacts. Because Dll4/Notch signal restricts sprouting angiogenesis and promotes vascular stabilization, we investigated the mechanism of how the Ang1/Tie2 signal induces Dll4 expression to clarify the role of the Dll4/Notch signal in Ang1/Tie2 signal-mediated vascular quiescence. Under confluent endothelial cells, the basal Notch signal was observed. Ang1, moreover, induced Dll4 expression and production of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD). Ang1 stimulated transcriptional activity of β-catenin through phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT-mediated phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). Correspondingly, the GSK3β inhibitor up-regulated Dll4, whereas depletion of β-catenin by siRNA blocked Ang1-induced Dll4 expression, indicating the indispensability of β-catenin in Ang1-mediated up-regulation of Dll4. In addition, Dll4 expression by the GSK3β inhibitor was only observed in confluent cells, and was impeded by DAPT, a γ-secretase inhibitor, implying requirement of the Notch signal in β-catenin-dependent Dll4 expression. Consistently, we found that either Ang1 or NICD up-regulates Dll4 through the RBP-J binding site within intron 3 of the DLL4 gene and that β-catenin forms a complex with NICD/RBP-J to enhance Dll4 expression. Ang1 induced the deposition of extracellular matrix that is preferable for basement membrane formation through Dll4/Notch signaling. Collectively, the Ang1/Tie2 signal potentiates basal Notch signal controlling vascular quiescence by up-regulating Dll4 through AKT-mediated activation of β-catenin.