Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical Models of Viscous Accretion Flows near Black Holes

We report on a numerical study of viscous fluid accretion onto a black hole. The flow is axisymmetric and uses a pseudo-Newtonian potential to model relativistic effects near the event horizon. The numerical method is a variant of the ZEUS code. As a test of our numerical scheme, we are able to reproduce results from earlier, similar work by Igumenshchev and Abramowicz and Stone and coworkers. We consider models in which mass is injected onto the grid as well as models in which an initial equilibrium torus is accreted. In each model we measure three "eigenvalues" of the flow: the accretion rate of mass, angular momentum, and energy. We find that the eigenvalues are sensitive to rin, the location of the inner radial boundary. Only when the flow is always supersonic on the inner boundary are the eigenvalues insensitive to small changes in rin. We also report on the sensitivity of the results to other numerical parameters.
A Coupled Discrete/Continuum Model for Describing Cancer-Therapeutic Transport in the Lung

We propose a computational simulation framework for describing cancer-therapeutic transport in the lung. A discrete vascular graph model (VGM) is coupled to a double-continuum model (DCM) to determine the amount of administered therapeutic agent that will reach the cancer cells. An alveolar cell carcinoma is considered. The processes in the bigger blood vessels (arteries, arterioles, venules and veins) are described by the VGM. The processes in the alveolar capillaries and the surrounding tissue are represented by a continuum approach for porous media. The system of equations of the coupled discrete/continuum model contains terms that account for degradation processes of the therapeutic agent, the reduction of the number of drug molecules by the lymphatic system and the interaction of the drug with the tissue cells. The functionality of the coupled discrete/continuum model is demonstrated in example simulations using simplified pulmonary vascular networks, which are designed to show-off the capabilities of the model rather than being physiologically accurate.
The Glucose Transporter (GLUT4) Enhancer Factor Is Required for Normal Wing Positioning in Drosophila

Many of the transcription factors and target genes that pattern the developing adult remain unknown. In the present study, we find that an ortholog of the poorly understood transcription factor, glucose transporter (GLUT4) enhancer factor (Glut4EF, GEF) [also known as the Huntington's disease gene regulatory region-binding protein (HDBP) 1], plays a critical role in specifying normal wing positioning in adult Drosophila. Glut4EF proteins are zinc-finger transcription factors named for their ability to regulate expression of GLUT4 but nothing is known of Glut4EF's in vivo physiological functions. Here, we identify a family of Glut4EF proteins that are well conserved from Drosophila to humans and find that mutations in Drosophila Glut4EF underlie the wing-positioning defects seen in stretch mutants. In addition, our results indicate that previously uncharacterized mutations in Glut4EF are present in at least 11 publicly available fly lines and on the widely used TM3 balancer chromosome. These results indicate that previous observations utilizing these common stocks may be complicated by the presence of Glut4EF mutations. For example, our results indicate that Glut4EF mutations are also present on the same chromosome as two gain-of-function mutations of the homeobox transcription factor Antennapedia (Antp) and underlie defects previously attributed to Antp. In fact, our results support a role for Glut4EF in the modulation of morphogenetic processes mediated by Antp, further highlighting the importance of Glut4EF transcription factors in patterning and morphogenesis.
A Robust Finite Element Method for Darcy-Stokes Flow

Finite element methods for a family of systems of singular perturbation problems of a saddle point structure are discussed. The system is approximately a linear Stokes problem when the perturbation parameter is large, while it degenerates to a mixed formulation of Poisson's equation as the perturbation parameter tends to zero. It is established, basically by numerical experiments, that most of the proposed finite element methods for Stokes problem or the mixed Poisson's system are not well behaved uniformly in the perturbation parameter. This is used as the motivation for introducing a new "robust" finite element which exhibits this property.
Measuring resident satisfaction in residential aged care.

PURPOSE The aims of this study were to assess the factor structure, reliability, and validity of an existing Resident Satisfaction Questionnaire (RSQ) and to develop a short-form RSQ for regular use in residential aged care settings. DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey design was adopted to collect the required information, with facilities being selected using stratified random sampling. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on a sample of 1,146 residents in 70 residential aged care facilities in Western Australia. RESULTS The RSQ is confirmed to be a reliable, valid, context-relevant, and easy-to-use instrument for assessing residents' satisfaction with their residential aged care facilities. Resident satisfaction, as assessed via the RSQ, was found to be a multidimensional construct comprising six factors-Room, Home, Social Interaction, Meals Service, Staff Care, and Involvement. IMPLICATIONS A 24-item short version of the RSQ can be constructed based on the six-factor resident satisfaction measurement model and used as a regular monitoring tool of resident satisfaction for quality improvement purposes.
Cardiac Arrhythmias and Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Patients with Heart Failure

The relationship between heart failure (HF), sleep-disordered breathing and cardiac arrhythmias is complex and poorly understood. Whereas the frequency of predominantly obstructive sleep apnea in HF patients is low and similar or moderately higher to that observed in the general population, central sleep apnea (CSA) has been observed in approximately 50% of HF patients, depending on the methods used to detect CSA and patient selection. Despite this high prevalence, it is still unclear whether CSA is merely a marker or an independent risk factor for an adverse prognosis in HF patients and whether CSA is associated with an increased risk for supraventricular as well as ventricular arrhythmias in HF patients. The current review focuses on the relationship between CSA and atrial fibrillation as the most common atrial arrhythmia in HF patients, and on the relationship between CSA and ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation as the most frequent cause of sudden cardiac death in HF patients.
Single cannula technique and robotic telescopic assistance in infants and children who require laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) is being utilized more extensively in the management of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease in infants and children. The traditional approach utilizes 5 3- to 5-mm cannulas for telescope and instrument access to the peritoneal cavity. The purpose of this study is to report the technique and document the results using a single 5-mm umbilical cannula for LNF, stab incisions for placement of the instruments, and robotic telescope assistance. METHODS From November 1999 through March 2002, 154 patients underwent LNF by the senior author for pathologic gastroesophageal reflux disease. All operations were performed with a single 5-mm umbilical cannula through which a 4- or 5-mm telescope was placed for operative visualization. Four stab incisions were made through the upper/lateral abdominal wall under direct visualization avoiding the epigastric vessels. Through these stab incisions, instruments were inserted into the peritoneal cavity. The maximum insufflation pressure was 15 mm Hg in all cases. The ability to perform the procedure in the absence of additional operative cannula placement, complications during instrument insertion, the ability to maintain adequate pneumoperitoneum, the patient's age, weight, operating time, and the addition of a gastrostomy were recorded. RESULTS All but one of the 154 LNFs were completed successfully using this technique. The mean age at operation and mean operating time was 23.9 months (range, 3 weeks to 180 months) and 91 minutes (31 to 160 minutes), respectively. Patients weight ranged from 2.4 to 57 kg (mean, 10.4 kg). Gastrostomies were placed in 52 cases. There were no complications associated with the stab incisions or insertion of the operative instruments through the abdominal wall. Pneumoperitoneum was maintained adequately in all cases. CONCLUSIONS LNF can be performed safely and effectively with a single umbilical cannula. We recommend its use for pediatric patients who require LNF.
Exploring the Impacts of Web-Based e-Procurement on Organizational Performance

Web-enabled applications for business-to-business (B2B) procurement are not only expected to reduce the cost of purchasing process but also to alter the activities of purchasing, transform the purchasing process from an operational into a strategic activity, and provide opportunities for improving market coordination by reducing asset specificity and by making additional partners available. From organizational and inter-organizational perspectives, this study proposes a performance impact model of implementing Web-based e-procurement system for direct procurement. In the performance impact model, the strategic dimension is about partner relationship, and the operational efficiency dimension includes supplier performance, buyer performance, process integration, and process automation. Based on a survey of Taiwanese manufacturing firms, the results of this study show that the electronic execution of purchasing activities improves both of the operational efficiency dimension and the strategic dimension. The results demonstrate implementing Web-based e-procurement system not only could enhance the performance of the buyer organization but also could enhance the performance of the supplier organization and improve partner relationship management.
Determinants of Non-Timber Values in Wisconsin Northern Hardwoods

A working definition of non-timber value is the difference between the revenues attainable by implementing an infinite horizon timber revenue maximizing cutting rule, and the value of the observed harvest. This non-timber value was estimated for the stands of the Forest Inventory Analysis data in the maple-beech-birch type in Wisconsin. Non-timber values averaged 23 $/har Brookit = l,,. , m where r is the present value of the timber income over t years, r(i,k) is the immediate timb return from cutting a stand f&m initial state i t&&and state k, &I&) is the probability of the stand moving f? om state k to statei, and d is the discount factor. Each state i corresponds to a tree distribution. A decision means cutting the stand tiom state i to state R. The best decision is unique and depends only on the state. ’ Riccardo Scarpa is a Research Ass&ant and Joseph Buongiomo (jbuongio@facstaff.wisc.edu) is a Professor in the Department of Forest Ecology and Management, University of Wisconsin, Madison. Karen Lee is a Research Forester at the Southern Forest Experiment Station, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The USDA Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, supported the research leading to this paper. Additional support came from M&tire-Stennis grant D946, the School of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin, Madison, and the USDA Forest Service North Central Forest Experiment Station through collaboration with Michael Vasievich.
Full Inclusion: An Empirical Perspective

It is argued that educational treatments of children with disabilities should be empirically validated. From this perspective the current press for full inclusion is examined against empirical evidence bearing on the major assertions of advocates for full inclusion. Students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) are among the most difficult to include, and the unique problems presented by such children often are ignored by advocates for full inclusion. Arguments for full inclusion, particularly as they apply to children with emotional and behavioral disorders suffer from: (a) the failure to specify what constitutes full inclusion, (b) the weakness of relying on anecdotal reports and single case studies to validate the utility of full inclusion of all children with disabilities, and (c) the fact that the evidence that does exist fails to include children with emotional and behavioral disorders. Finally, evidence is summarized that contradicts the position that “more restrictive” placements are never beneficial and that regular class placement is always beneficial to all children with disabilities.
Technology diffusion in U.S. manufacturing: the geographic dimension

"Technology" is a key determinant of growth, but economists frequently leave its components jumbled together in Rosenberg’s black box. In neoclassical models, we let the residuals represent technology and, waving our hands, treat technical progress as "manna from heaven. " And, while the endogenous growth approach explicitly seeks to model the production of technology, the customary use of R&D spending to represent technological change has serious drawbacks. Not all R&D spending is equally productive, for instance, and a significant portion relates to the invention of new consumer products (product innovation). While product innovation may well influence national or regional business cycles and improve consumer welfare, this type of innovation generally has fairly minor effects on factor productivity. By contrast, the invention of new types of capital equipment or new production methods (process innovation) is a key determinant of the production frontier. After all, the state of scientific and technical knowledge sets the limits. Nevertheless, the invention of new capital equipment or manufacturing methods represents just one step in the evolution of prevailing production procedures.
Discovering Corpus-Specific Word Senses

This paper presents an unsupervised algorithm which automatically discovers word senses from text. The algorithm is based on a graph model representing words and relationships between them. Sense clusters are iteratively computed by clustering the local graph of similar words around an ambiguous word. Discrimination against previously extracted sense clusters enables us to discover new senses. We use the same data for both recognising and resolving ambiguity.
The shell elliptical galaxy NGC 2865: evolutionary population synthesis of a kinematically distinct core

100 kpc along the major axis, and shows depressed velocity dispersion and absorption-line profiles skewed in the opposite sense to the mean velocity. Associated with it is a young stellar population with enhanced Hb, lowered Mg, and the same Fe indices relative to the underlying elliptical. Its recent star formation history is constrained by considering ‘bulgeaburst’ models under four physically motivated scenarios, using evolutionary population synthesis. Scenarios in which the nuclear component is formed over a Hubble time or recently from continuous gas inflow are ruled out. A recent starburst can satisfy observational constraints only if its population has metallicity 2.5‐6.3 times that of the bulge. The nuclear iron-to-magnesium index ratio can be explained by a temperature effect in the atmospheres of stars at main-sequence turn-offs between A3 and F4, during which the Fe indices of the burst population are high enough to compensate for dilution effects. It is therefore possible to modify line-index ratios (and hence the inferred abundance ratio) simply by the presence of a young population with the same abundance. The high metallicity requirement suggests self-enrichment, and a burst duration longer than the SN II feedback time-scale. No solution exists for bursts longer than 0:4 Gyr. Burst age estimates of 0:4‐1:7 Gyr are larger than that for the shells (0.24 Gyr), assuming phasewrapping. No starburst is required if the nuclear component is composed of stars with Fe abundance enhanced by ,0:08 dex relative to the underlying elliptical, which are accreted by an event which truncated the star formation. This relies on the abundance differences between giant ellipticals and spirals. The age estimates of 0.1‐0.4 Gyr in this scenario are in closer agreement with those for phase-wrapped shells. Our results argue for a gas-rich accretion or merger origin for the shells and kinematic subcomponent in NGC 2865. Arguments based on stellar populations and gas dynamics suggest that one of the progenitors is probably an Sb or Sc spiral. We demonstrate that despite the age and metallicity degeneracy of the underlying elliptical, the age and metallicity of the kinematic subcomponent can be constrained. This work strengthens the link between kinematically distinct cores (KDCs) and shells, and demonstrates that a KDC can be formed from a late merger.
Monoubiquitin carries a novel internalization signal that is appended to activated receptors

Ubiquitin modification of signal transducing receptors at the plasma membrane is necessary for rapid receptor internalization and downregulation. We have investigated whether ubiquitylation alters a receptor cytoplasmic tail to reveal a previously masked internalization signal, or whether ubiquitin itself carries an internalization signal. Using an α‐factor receptor–ubiquitin chimeric protein, we demonstrate that monoubiquitin can mediate internalization of an activated receptor that lacks all cytoplasmic tail sequences. Furthermore, fusion of ubiquitin in‐frame to the stable plasma membrane protein Pma1p stimulates endocytosis of this protein. Ubiquitin does not carry a functional tyrosine‐ or di‐leucine‐based internalization signal. Instead, the three‐dimensional structure of the folded ubiquitin polypeptide carries an internalization signal that consists of two surface patches surrounding the critical residues Phe4 and Ile44. We conclude that ubiquitin functions as a novel regulated internalization signal that can be appended to a plasma membrane protein to trigger downregulation.
On the tradeoff performance of severely fading channels

The diversity-multiplexing tradeoff function is of extreme importance for a given multiple antenna channel. Since severely fading scenarios arise in a variety of applications, this paper makes efforts to derive the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff function for severely fading channels. It is found that the tradeoff performance is specially related to the maximum eigenvalue of the channel matrix and the channel model's degrees of freedom (CMDF), which represents the extent of the fading. For the infinite CMDF, the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff function coincides with the existing result for the richly scattered Rayleigh fading channel.
The Development of Behavioral and Emotional Self-Regulation During the Preschool Period.

The study investigates age-related changes in behavioral and emotional selfregulation during the preschool period and the relationship between them. Behavioral self-regulation was measured by compliance without external monitors. Emotional self­ regulation was measured by the expressed control o f emotions and coping strategies. Eighty eight preschoolers (45 5-year-olds; 43 3-year-olds) participated in a compliance-delay task. They were left alone for 10 min (self-regulated compliance) to sort cutlery in the presence o f toys. The demand for emotional self-regulation was manipulated by hiding (low demand) or exposing (high demand) the toys. Children experienced both sessions. All procedures were video-taped. The expressed emotional comfort during the task was rated. Further, mothers and teachers completed ratings o f children’s compliance and coping strategies. The predicted age-related increase in self-regulated compliance was found. The age-related increase in emotional comfort and posttask interviews supported the expected increase in emotional self-regulation. Mothers’ and teachers’ ratings indicated that preschool children gradually acquire more independent, problem-focused coping strategies. Boys are more likely to cope with frustration in an aggressive manner whereas girls are more likely to ask for emotional support and seek help. This study is the first to provide evidence for the relationship between behavioral and emotional self-regulation during the preschool period. Self-regulated compliance is associated with independent, problem-focused coping strategies. Emotion-focused strategies, such as aggression and venting, are negatively correlated
Objective measurement of functional upper-extremity movement using accelerometer recordings transformed with a threshold filter.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The consensus is that the most important outcome for rehabilitation is functional activity in the life situation. Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy, a new treatment that transfers in-clinic gains to the life situation, demands objective measurement of real-world movement. However, direct, objective, and accurate measures of arm use in the real world are not available. Previous attempts to use accelerometry to measure extremity movement have failed because of unacceptable variability. This problem has been addressed here by use of a threshold filter. METHODS Nine stroke patients and 1 healthy individual wearing accelerometers were videotaped while they carried out their usual activities at home or in the clinic; the duration of their arm, torso, and ambulatory movements was judged by 2 observation teams. In addition, 11 college students performed 5 standardized activities of daily living for varying durations in the laboratory. The accelerometer data were transformed; the raw value recorded for a given epoch was set to a constant if it exceeded a low threshold. RESULTS The threshold-filtered recordings measured the duration of movement accurately and with very little variability. Correlations between the threshold-filtered recordings and the observer ratings of the duration of arm, torso, and ambulatory movements were 0.93, 0.93 and 0.99, respectively; the corresponding correlations for the raw values were -0.17, 0.34, and 0.85. CONCLUSIONS These results present initial evidence for the validity of threshold-filtered accelerometer recordings for objectively measuring the amount of real-world upper-extremity movement as an index of treatment outcome for rehabilitation patients.