Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Approach to the Triple Negative Breast Cancer in New Drugs Area

Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are associated with aggressive course, higher rates of visceral and central nervous system metastases and lower survival rate than hormone receptor positive. Once metastasis has occurred, a median survival was approximately one year. Currently, chemotherapy in TNBC is similar to other HER2- negative breast cancers but in the near future, it will revolutionize. TNBCs are quite heterogeneous based on biomarkers and genetic variations. The series of new drugs have been tried; in this article, platinum, anti-epigenetic drugs, PARP inhibitors, epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, Src family kinase inhibitor, anti androgen, glycoprotein Non-metastatic melanoma B (gpNMB) antibody, LHRH conjugated to cytotoxic drugs and inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway will be explained. What is the optimal therapy for TNBC patients? It is still not clear but it seems that the road map according to biological and genetic markers is taking shape.
Adenosine sensitization after angiotensin II stimulation in afferent arterioles from normal rats does not occur during two‐kidney, one‐clip hypertension

Aims: G protein‐coupled receptors such as the AT1aR are frequently subject to desensitization, extensively studied in cell culture but to small extent in hypertensive models. Recently, angiotensin II (ANG II)‐induced desensitization was shown to last 10 min in isolated afferent arterioles (AAs), suggesting impact on ANG II vasoactivity. In the present study, we explored ANG II desensitization and effects of adenosine (Ado) in AAs from two‐kidney, one‐clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats. Our main hypothesis was that Ado affects ANG II contractility differently in 2K1C, because of persistently elevated levels of ANG II.
Volatile emission by contest losers revealed by real-time chemical analysis

Animal interactions often involve chemical exchange but simultaneous evaluation of chemistry and behaviour has been problematical. Here we report findings from a novel method, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) coupled with manipulation of molecular-mass achieved by rearing organisms on deuterium-enhanced nutrients. This allows real-time monitoring of the occurrence and quantity of volatile chemicals released by each of two interacting individuals, in tandem with behavioural observations. We apply these methods to female–female contests in the parasitoid wasp Goniozus legneri. We show that this species emits the spiroacetal 2-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane. Chemical release is most common in more behaviourally aggressive contests, which occur when prior resource owners successfully resist take-over by similar-sized intruder females. Volatiles released during contests are always emitted by the loser. Aggression in contests is reduced after spiroacetal release. We suggest that the spiroacetal functions as a weapon of rearguard action. We anticipate that APCI-MS, which is rapid, non-intrusive and relatively inexpensive to operate, will be widely applied in studies linking chemistry and behaviour.
Colon Cancer Survival With Herbal Medicine and Vitamins Combined With Standard Therapy in a Whole-Systems Approach

Although localized colon cancer is often successfully treated with surgery, advanced disease requires aggressive systemic therapy that has lower effectiveness. Approximately 30% to 75% of patients with colon cancer use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), but there is limited formal evidence of survival efficacy. In a consecutive case series with 10-year follow-up of all colon cancer patients (n = 193) presenting at a San Francisco Bay-Area center for Chinese medicine (Pine Street Clinic, San Anselmo, CA), the authors compared survival in patients choosing short-term treatment lasting the duration of chemotherapy/radiotherapy with those continuing long-term. To put these data into the context of treatment responses seen in conventional medical practice, they also compared survival with Pan-Asian medicine + vitamins (PAM+V) with that of concurrent external controls from Kaiser Permanente Northern California and California Cancer Registries. Kaplan-Meier, traditional Cox regression, and more modern methods were used for causal inference—namely, propensity score and marginal structural models (MSMs), which have not been used before in studies of cancer survival and Chinese herbal medicine. PAM+V combined with conventional therapy, compared with conventional therapy alone, reduced the risk of death in stage I by 95%, stage II by 64%, stage III by 29%, and stage IV by 75%. There was no significant difference between short-term and long-term PAM+V. Combining PAM+V with conventional therapy improved survival, compared with conventional therapy alone, suggesting that prospective trials combining PAM+V with conventional therapy are justified.
Multiple Victimizations Before and After Leaving Home Associated With PTSD, Depression, and Substance Use Disorder Among Homeless Youth

Exposure to multiple forms of maltreatment during childhood is associated with serious mental health consequences among youth in the general population, but limited empirical attention has focused on homeless youth—a population with markedly high rates of childhood maltreatment followed by elevated rates of street victimization. This study investigated the rates of multiple childhood abuses (physical, sexual, and emotional abuse) and multiple street victimizations (robbery, physical assault, and sexual assault) and examined their relative relationships to mental health outcomes (meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision, criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD], depression, and substance use disorder) among a large (N = 601) multisite sample of homeless youth. Approximately 79% of youth retrospectively reported multiple childhood abuses (two or more types) and 28% reported multiple street victimizations (two or more types). Each additional type of street victimization nearly doubled youths’ odds for meeting criteria for substance use disorder. Furthermore, each additional type of childhood abuse experienced more than doubled youths’ odds for meeting criteria for PTSD. Both multiple abuses and multiple street victimizations were associated with an approximate twofold increase in meeting depression criteria. Findings suggest the need for screening, assessment, and trauma-informed services for homeless youth who consider multiple types of abuse and victimization experiences.
TRANSDIAGNOSTIC DIMENSIONS OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION MODERATE MOTIVATION‐RELATED BRAIN NETWORKS DURING GOAL MAINTENANCE

Advancing research on the etiology, prevention, and treatment of psychopathology requires the field to move beyond modular conceptualizations of neural dysfunction toward understanding disturbance in key brain networks. Although some studies of anxiety and depression have begun doing so, they typically suffer from several drawbacks, including: (1) a categorical approach ignoring transdiagnostic processes, (2) failure to account for substantial anxiety and depression comorbidity, (3) examination of networks at rest, which overlooks disruption manifesting only when networks are challenged. Accordingly, the present study examined relationships between transdiagnostic dimensions of anxiety/depression and patterns of functional connectivity while goal maintenance was challenged.
Cross‐cultural Negotiations: Success through Understanding

The art of negotiation has been explored in a number of bestsellers over the last decade. With the advent of a truly global economy, international and cross‐cultural relationships are forming out of necessity. The potential for error when talking between cultures is considerable and many negotiations have failed owing to cross‐cultural communications breakdown. Pointers are presented of the pitfalls to watch out for when undergoing cross‐cultural negotiations and how to avoid them so as successfully to complete agreements with those from other cultural backgrounds.
Deconvolution and wavelet-based methods for membrane current estimation from simulated fractionated electrograms

In infarcted myocardium, extracellular recordings exhibit multiple deflections due to irregular pathway of the electric impulse. In this work the problem of distinguishing local from distant deflections is tackled. In order to evaluate the proposed methods in a controlled setting, simulated data are used, following both Reeler-Reuter and Luo-Rudy kinetics. The input is an array of electrograms positioned on grid-points of a rectangular grid and the output is an array of estimates of the membrane current. First, deconvolution techniques are used in the form of spatial filtering for membrane current estimation from the extracellular recordings. Second, the extracellular recordings undergo wavelet based transformation, followed by a spatial filter which enhances local activity deflections and suppresses distant activity deflections. It is shown that wavelet filtering of the extracellular recordings acts as an evaluator of the efficiency of the deconvolution techniques for the membrane current estimation. Subsequently, activation times based on the results from the two methods are used for the reconstruction of the propagation pattern in a zig-zag case in two-dimensional grids. It is shown that the wavelet-based method is more robust, and can work well even in cases where the grid interval in the y direction is four times larger than the single cell size.
Marriage, divorce and economic activity in the US: 1960–2008

We utilize a time-series model to examine the interrelationship between marriage and divorce and their connections with macroeconomic conditions for the period 1960 to 2008. Our findings suggest that marriage and divorce are pro-cyclical, although macroeconomic conditions affect divorce only when the economy is underperforming. Marriage is pro-cyclical in all circumstances. Further, bidirectional causation exists, with marriage (divorce) affected by lagged rates of divorce (marriage).
The Threshold of Pain and Neurotransmitter's Change on Pain in Parkinson's Disease

Abstract: Among Parkinson's disease (PD) patients complaining of pain, 10 with pain not associated with a motor fluctuation or L‐dopa therapy were evaluated. The controls were 14 PD without pain and eight with thalamic pain syndrome. The threshold of pain and neurotransmitters in CSF were measured in the three groups. In PD with pain, the maximum tolerance level and tourniquet pain ratio decreased significantly. In PD with pain, the score on the self‐depression scale increased significantly and S‐hydroxy‐indole acetic acid (5‐HIAA) among the neurotransmitters decreased significantly. These results suggest that decreases in the threshold of pain and changes of serotonin in CSF are involved in the development of specific pain in PD who do not respond to L‐dopa.
Sequential chemotherapy in nonsmall‐cell lung cancer

Improving results in nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) will require the development of new drugs and strategies to combine available agents. On the basis of data indicating the activity of docetaxel as second‐line therapy, a Phase II study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the sequential combination of chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin (P) and gemcitabine (G) followed by docetaxel (DOC) in patients with advanced NSCLC.
Evaluation of Tear Osmolarity Changes After Photorefractive Keratectomy

Purpose: To assess tear film stability, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score, Schirmer test value, tear film breakup time (TBUT), and tear osmolarity after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Methods: We enrolled 50 eyes from 25 patients who were PRK candidates (15 men, 10 women). The mean age was 31.9 ± 4.5 years. Dry eye severity was evaluated using OSDI questionnaire, TBUT, Schirmer test, and tear osmolarity preoperatively and in each postoperative follow-up visit during the 4-month follow-up period. Results: Tear osmolarity changed from 302 ± 5.9 mOsm/L preoperatively to 308.8 ± 5.8 mOsm/L (P < 0.0001) and 304.1 ± 9.4 mOsm/L (P = 0.40) after 2 and 4 months, respectively. Schirmer test did not change significantly 4 months after PRK (P = 0.410). TBUT decreased significantly after 2 months and did not return to its preoperative value after 4 months. Subjective complaints measured by OSDI score, improved after 4 months compared with the preoperative level. Conclusions: Although dry eye tests (Schirmer, TBUT, and tear osmolarity) are abnormal 2 months after PRK, they returned to preoperative values after 4 months. We can conclude that post-PRK dry eye is a transient complication which will last less than 4 months with regular use of topical lubricants.
Are Athletes Doped? Some Theoretical Arguments and Empirical Evidence

Sports fans all over the world have recently witnessed an increasing number of spectacular doping cases, leading to considerable annoyance in the public. However, our knowledge regarding the prevalence of doping is still quite limited, leading some people to speculate that (nearly) all professional athletes are doped and possibly even have to be doped to be good enough to compete successfully in highly selective tournaments. On the other hand, particularly representatives of the sports associations pretend that since the number of positively tested athletes remains small, there are only a few “black sheep,” while in general, the world of sport is clean and fair. In the recent past, a number of theoretical models have been developed that can be empirically tested, which, in the end, may lead to the formulation of policy recommendations (ranging from higher sanctions to legalizing doping). We review the more important models and present anecdotal as well as some quantitative empirical evidence on the prevalence as well as the determinants of doping. (JEL K42, L83, M52)
Factors Correlated with Bicycle Commuting: A Study in Six Small U.S. Cities

ABSTRACT Although bicycling as a mode of transportation can mitigate traffic congestion, improve environmental quality, and yield health benefits, it accounts for a small share of all commute trips in the U.S. This paper aims to expand our understanding of the individual decision to bicycle commute through a cross-sectional study of bicycle commuting in six small U.S. cities. The study was designed to explore the relationships between bicycle commuting and socio-demographic characteristics, individual attitudes, and the physical and social environments of the workplace. Results show that residential preference for a good environment for bicycling, a measure of self-selection, is associated with bicycle commuting. The physical environment, including a short distance to work, safe streets for bicycling, and high monthly parking costs around the workplace, is also important. The social environment of the workplace has an impact as well. This research provides an empirical basis for the development of policies and programs to increase bicycle commuting.
Performance analysis of large scale MU-MIMO with optimal linear receivers

We consider the uplink of multicell multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) systems with very large antenna arrays at the base station (BS). We assume that the BS estimates the channel through uplink training, and then uses this channel estimate to detect the signals transmitted from a multiplicity of autonomous users in its cell. By taking the correlation between the channel estimate and the interference from other cells into account, we propose an optimal linear receiver (OLR) which maximizes the received signal-to-interference-plus-noise (SINR). Analytical approximations of the exact and lower bound on the achievable rate are then derived. The bound is very tight, especially at large number of BS antennas. We show that at low SINR, maximal ratio combing (MRC) receiver performs as well as OLR, however at high SINR, OLR outperforms MRC. Compared with the typical minimum mean-square error receiver, our proposed OLR improves systematically the system performance, especially when the interference is large.
Association of Genetic Variants in hOGG 1 and APE 1 Genes with Breast Cancer Risk in a Rural Population : A Hospital Based Case-Control Study

Background: Breast Cancer (BC) is a major concern of health risk in urban and rural areas of India. Aim and Objectives: This study was aimed to find out the frequency of polymorphisms in DNA repair genes, human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) at codon (cd) 326 and Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) at cd 148 in patients of BC from Maharashtra and to evaluate their association with BC development. Material and Methods: We used Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) to examine gene polymorphisms in 170 patients with BC and 200 in age and sex matched disease-free controls. Results: The results indicated that there was no significant difference in the genotype distribution between BC patients and controls for hOGG1 (p>0.05). The result showed that allele frequencies of APE1 Glu148 (OR=4.78; 95% CI= (2.55-8.95); p= <0.0001) genotype significantly increased the risk of BC. Conclusion: This study indicates that polymorphisms in cd148 of APE1 gene could play a role in modifying genetic susceptibility of individual to breast cancer in Maharashtrian patients.
Dichotomy of protective cellular immune responses to human visceral leishmaniasis

Healing/protective responses in human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are associated with stimulation/production of Th1 cytokines, such as interferon IFN‐γ, and conversion in the leishmanin skin test (LST). Such responses were studied for 90 days in 44 adult healthy volunteers from VL non‐endemic areas, with no past history of VL/cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and LST non‐reactivity following injection with one of four doses of Alum‐precipitated autoclaved Leishmania major (Alum/ALM) ± bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG), a VL candidate vaccine. The vaccine was well tolerated with minimal localized side‐effects and without an increase in antileishmanial antibodies or interleukin (IL)‐5. Five volunteers (5/44; 11·4%) had significant IFN‐γ production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in response to Leishmania antigens in their prevaccination samples (P = 0·001) but were LST non‐reactive. On day 45, more than half the volunteers (26/44; 59·0%) had significantly high LST indurations (mean 9·2 ± 2·7 mm) and high IFN‐γ levels (mean 1008 ± 395; median 1247 pg/ml). Five volunteers had significant L. donovani antigen‐induced IFN‐γ production (mean 873 ± 290; median 902; P = 0·001), but were non‐reactive in LST. An additional five volunteers (5/44; 11·4%) had low IFN‐γ levels (mean 110 ± 124 pg/ml; median 80) and were non‐reactive in LST (induration = 00 mm). The remaining eight volunteers had low IFN‐γ levels, but significant LST induration (mean 10 ± 2·9 mm; median 11). By day 90 the majority of volunteers (27/44; 61·4%) had significant LST induration (mean 10·8 ± 9·9 mm; P < 0·001), but low levels of L. donovani antigen‐induced IFN‐γ (mean 66·0 ± 62 pg/ml; P > 0.05). Eleven volunteers (11/44; 25%) had significantly high levels of IFN‐γ and LST induration, while five volunteers had low levels of IFN‐γ (<100 pg/ml) and no LST reactivity (00 mm). One volunteer was lost to follow‐up. In conclusion, it is hypothesized that cellular immune responses to human VL are dichotomatous, and that IFN‐γ production and the LST response are not in a causal relationship. Following vaccination and probably cure of VL infection, the IFN‐γ response declines with time while the LST response persists. LST is a simple test that can be used to assess candidate vaccine efficacy.
Insights into blood cell formation from hemogenic endothelium in lesser‐known anatomic sites

Background: Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are generated de novo in the embryo in a process termed the endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT). EHT is most extensively studied in the yolk sac and dorsal aorta. Recently new sites of hematopoiesis have been described, including the heart, somites, head, and venous plexus of the yolk sac. Results: We examined sites of HSPC formation in well‐studied and in less well‐known sites by mapping the expression of the key EHT factor Runx1 along with several other markers by means of confocal microscopy. We identified sites of HSPC formation in the head, heart and somites. We also identified sites of HSPC formation in both the arterial and venous plexuses of the yolk sac, and show that progenitors with lymphoid potential are enriched in hematopoietic clusters in close proximity to arteries. Furthermore, we demonstrate that many of the cells in hematopoietic clusters resemble monocytes or granulocytes based on nuclear shape. Conclusions: We identified sites of HSPC formation in the head, heart, and somites, confirming that embryonic hematopoiesis is less spatially restricted than previously thought. Furthermore, we show that HSPCs in the yolk sac with lymphoid potential are located in closer proximity to arteries than to veins. Developmental Dynamics 245:1011–1028, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Psychopathy Scores Predict Adolescent Inpatient Aggression

This prospective study found that psychopathy scores predicted aggressive behavior among 72 adolescent psychiatric inpatients, even after controlling for age, sex, socioeconomic status, length of hospital stay, and independent self-report measures of impulsivity and conduct problems. Psychopathy was assessed within 3 days of hospital admission by clinical raters trained in the use of Hare's Psychopathy Checklist–Revised. Aggressive behavior was recorded by clinical staff members who were unaware of psychopathy ratings. Adolescents rated higher in psychopathy exhibited higher frequencies of both reactive and instrumental aggressive behavior than adolescents rated lower in psychopathy. Post hoc regression analyses revealed that psychopathy had incremental validity in predicting aggression beyond the contribution of clinical diagnosis or scores on the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory.
EXIOPOL – DEVELOPMENT AND ILLUSTRATIVE ANALYSES OF A DETAILED GLOBAL MR EE SUT/IOT

EXIOPOL (A New Environmental Accounting Framework Using Externality Data and Input–Output Tools for Policy Analysis) was a European Union (EU)-funded project creating a detailed, global, multiregional environmentally extended Supply and Use table (MR EE SUT) of 43 countries, 129 sectors, 80 resources, and 40 emissions. We sourced primary SUT and input–output tables from Eurostat and non-EU statistical offices. We harmonized and detailed them using auxiliary national accounts data and co-efficient matrices. Imports were allocated to countries of exports using United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database trade shares. Optimization procedures removed imbalances in these detailing and trade linking steps. Environmental extensions were added from various sources. We calculated the EU footprint of final consumption with resulting MR EE SUT. EU policies focus mainly on energy and carbon footprints. We show that the EU land, water, and material footprint abroad is much more relevant, and should be prioritized in the EU's environmental product and trade policies.