Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conceptual Resources in Self‐developed Explanatory Models: The importance of integrating conscious and intuitive knowledge

This study explores the spontaneous explanatory models children construct, critique, and revise in the context of tasks in which children need to predict, observe, and explain phenomena involving magnetism. It further investigates what conceptual resources students use, and in what ways they use them, to construct explanatory models, and the obstacles preventing them from constructing a useful explanatory model. Our findings indicate that several of the children were able to construct explanatory models. However, of the six children interviewed multiple times (three third‐graders and three sixth‐graders), only one was consistently able to critique and revise her models to arrive at a consistent, coherent, and sophisticated explanatory model. Connecting intuitive knowledge and abstract knowledge was important in her construction of a coherent and sophisticated explanatory model. Students who relied only on intuitive knowledge constructed tentative and non‐sophisticated explanatory models. Students who relied only on verbal‐symbolic knowledge at an abstract level without connection with their intuition also did not construct coherent and sophisticated models. These results indicate that instruction should help students to become meta‐conceptually aware and connect their verbal‐symbolic knowledge and intuition in order to construct explanatory models to make sense of abstract scientific knowledge.
A Tour of Hybrid 1

Hybrid is a strongly-typed, concurrent, object-oriented programming language in which objects are active entities. In this paper we provide an overview of the language constructs, paying particular attention to the mechanisms for programming concurrent applications, and we describe our experiences in developing a prototype implementation of the language and its run-time environment.
Meaning as use: exploitation of aligned corpora for the contrastive study of lexical semantics

The paper discusses the use of corpora for experimental studies in contrastive lexical semantics, in particular, for comparing how a state of affairs is expressed in different languages and by different translators. Three topics are addressed: (1) a lexicographic database, which is aimed at storing and maintaining contrastive descriptions of a class of lexical items in several languages; (2) an aligned parallel English-Russian corpus, including several literary texts and software manuals (the total size is about one million words), together with tools for querying the corpus by means of Perl-based regular expressions; and (3) an example of development of a lexicographical database of the most frequent size adjectives in English, German and Russian. * The research was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Germany.
Improving the evidence base for international comparative research

Industrial societies today produce abundant data fed by the statistical system, social research, market research and administrative data. This is increasingly complemented by processing data produced from sources like commercial transactions. Looking at societies in an international comparative perspective, however, we find many incoherent patterns or even white spots on the globe. Nevertheless, we can observe encouraging progress over past decades. The pioneers of the data movement worked towards an international network of data infrastructures that were conceived as building blocks in a system of social observation. Gaps in the statistical data base had to be filled by sample surveys from social research. This resulted in a network of social science data services to preserve and process the data collected to make them available for secondary analysis, and systematic efforts to continuously collect data comparative by design and to make them available as a public good to the scientific community at large. Increasingly we can observe a rapprochement that has been taking place between social policy and social research since the turn of the millennium. Facing the challenges of globalisation we cannot however, overlook the fact that in spite of all progress, social science data have been collected predominantly with a national perspective, are not well integrated and – even if they are technically and legally accessible – do not easily lend themselves to comparison between nations or periods of time. International data programmes may well profit from the methodological standardisation and harmonisation of measurements as well as from technical progress towards the easier access to and interoperability of data bases. These processes will profit much, if growing efforts to agree on data policies and funding perspectives for international and transcontinental cooperation succeed.
DNA flow analysis of soft tissue tumors

The cellular DNA content of 81 soft tissue tumors was determined by means of flow cytometry and related to conventional histologic classification of the same tumors. Comparison of histologic and cytometric analysis showed that all 23 benign tumors were diploid (normal DNA content), whereas the malignant group included both diploid and aneuploid (abnormal DNA content) lesions. There appeared to be a relationship between tumor grade and ploidy level in that 92% of Grade II, 28% of Grade III, and 11% of Grade IV lesions were diploid. Cell distribution analysis, feasible in 51 cases, disclosed that diploid lesions had a low proportion of S and G2+M cells and most aneuploid lesions a high proportion, indicating a relationship between ploidy level and proliferative activity. The current study shows that solid mesenchymal tumors may be analyzed by DNA flow cytometry. Regardless of histogenetic type, it appears that benign and low‐grade tumors are diploid and high‐grade tumors, in general, are aneuploid. As to exceptions, DNA analysis may prove to give information beyond that obtained by subjective histologic interpretation. Thus, adequate follow‐up might show that high‐grade lesions with a diploid DNA content are associated with a better prognosis than expected from histologic classification. Cancer 59:128–133, 1987.
Observable Attributesas Manifestations and Cues ofPersonality and Intelligence

In this study, we investigated the relationship of participants' observable attributes to measures of their personality and intelligence; we also studied the ways in which strangers formed their perception of participants' personalities and intelligence. Fifty pairs of intimate acquaintances were videotaped in a standard situation, were administered an intelligence test, and provided self-reports of their personality and descriptions of their partner's personality. In addition, various observable attributes (such as hair color, stature, physical mannerisms) of the targets were measured. Strangers watched the videotapes and rated either the observable attributes or the personality traits of the targets. The observable attributes were then correlated with the personality measures and the intelligence and trait inferences by strangers. Extraversion was the trait with the most external manifestations and the strongest match between cue utilization and cue validity. Intelligence was inferred from visual as well as from acoustic attributes, but only acoustic cues mediated the correlation between psychometric intelligence and perceptions of intelligence by strangers.
Atypical PKU with normal phenylalanine hydroxylase and dihydropteridine reductase activity in vitro.

Sir, The most common method of maintaining haemostasis after catheterisation of umbilical vessels is to secure the catheter to the edges of the cord by using a nylon stitch. When the cord is initially cut to insert the catheter there may be some blood loss, and furthermore some blood may ooze at times in spite of a stitch. We recommend tying firmly a single knot at the base of the cord using wet ribbon gauze (15.2 x 1.0 cm). If this is done before the cord is cut, the catheters will pass without difficulty. Moreover should there be oozing from the cord the nursing staff have merely to tighten the knot before summoning medical help.
Novel Coarse Timing Synchronization Methods in OFDM Systems Using Fourth-Order Statistics

In this paper, the problem of coarse timing synchronization in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is investigated, and two new timing metrics with better performance are presented. The new metrics take advantage of two novel differential normalization functions that are based on the fourth-order statistics and are designed depending on the value of carrier frequency offset (CFO). The proposed timing metrics are theoretically evaluated using two different class separability criteria. It is shown that the new schemes considerably increase the difference between the correct and wrong timing points in comparison with previous methods. The computational complexity of the new methods is obtained, and their superior detection performances are also demonstrated in terms of probabilities of false alarm and missed detection. The results indicate that due to a significant improvement in missed detection probability (MDP), the new methods offer a considerably wider range of acceptable thresholds.
Using Solution-Focused Approaches in Motivational Interviewing with Young People

Abstract This article explores the theory and practice of using the solution-focused approach of motivational interviewing (MI) with young people. MI is based on the premise that people are not always at a stage of readiness to change behaviours, such as smoking, drinking or drug use, which are perceived by others to be problematic. The article explores the theoretical and research background to the approach as well as the practical application. There then follows an illustrative case study of the work with a boy approximately 12 years old. The article concludes with a critical look at the work and suggestions for its potential application in schools. The authors conclude that this is a useful approach and recommend further research in educational settings.
I'll Go if You Will: Do Shy Persons Utilize Social Surrogates?

The Social Surrogate hypothesis argues that high-shy persons utilize persons in their social network to engage in or facilitate anxiety-provoking social interactions. High-shy persons should report efforts to recruit persons to accompany them into social situations (Recruiting behaviors), report the Surrogate as engaging in the majority of the interactions (Utilization behaviors), and report a reduction of their anxiety and an increase in their participation in social situations (Performance Increase). In Study 1, questions were generated to assess these behaviors and were given to two samples along with measures of shyness, sociability and self-esteem. In Study 2, participants were given descriptions of 14 situations and 10 behaviors and reported their likelihood of engaging in Recruitment and Utilization behaviors. The two studies indicate that high-shy persons actively cope with their anxiety by recruiting persons in their social network, that this helps the persons to enter situations they would otherwise avoid, and that the Surrogate sometimes engages in social interactions in the place of the high-shy person.
İLKÖĞRETİM DÜZEYİNDEKİ TARİH EĞİTİMİNDE TEKNOLOJİK ARAÇLARIN KULLANILMA DURUMLARI

Ilkogretim alti ve yedinci sinif sosyal bilgiler ders mufredatinda yer alan tarih konularinda oldukca uzun bir doneme ve cok genis bir cografyaya ait Turk tarihi anlatilmaya calisilmaktadir. Bu durumun sebep oldugu ogretim zorluklarinin ustesinden gelebilmek icin bircok ogretim yontemini barindiran ve ayni anda bircok duyu organina hitap eden ogretim teknolojilerinin kullanilmasi gerekmektedir. Bu arastirmanin amaci; ogrenci gorusleri dogrultusunda alti ve yedinci sinif sosyal bilgiler dersi ogretmenlerinin, alti ve yedinci sinif sosyal bilgiler dersi kapsaminda yer alan tarih konularinin ogretimi sirasinda ogretim teknolojilerini kullanma durumlarini belirlemektir. Bu amacla 2011-2012 ogretim yilinda Kutahya merkezde ogrenim gormekte olan 452 alti ve yedinci sinif ogrencisinin goruslerine basvurulmustur. Arastirmada; sosyal bilgiler ogretmenlerinin siniflarda teknolojik araclari kullanirken alti ve yedinci sinif ayirimi yapmadigi, ozel okullarda devlet okullarina nazaran daha cesitli araclarin daha yuksek oranda kullanildigi, ogrencilerin buyuk bolumunun teknolojik araclarin ogretim surecinde kullanilmasini yararli bulduklari, ogretmenlerin onemli kisminin tarih konularinin ogretiminde teknolojik araclari “bazen” kullandiklari, ogrencilerin en cok projeksiyon, yazici ve fotokopi makinesinin kullanilmasini istedikleri sonuclarina ulasilmistir.
Eysenck personality questionnaire revised psychoticism predicts motivational–somatic symptoms of depression in breast cancer survivors

Psychoticism is the most heterogeneous of the personality dimensions proposed by Eysenck [1,2]. Few studies have evaluated psychoticism in patients with breast cancer. Some authors have provided data showing high levels in patients with colorectal cancer and subcutaneous mastectomy [3,4]. However, there are also reports of low levels of psychoticism in survivors of cancer, including breast cancer [5]. Psychoticism is associated with poorer quality of life in cancer patients [3], so it seems appropriate to explore whether breast cancer survivors have high levels of this dimension. Psychoticism has also been found to predict depression in cancer patients [6]. In a previous study, we observed that mastectomized women showed predominantly motivational–somatic symptoms of depression [7]. We therefore have the following objectives: determine whether breast cancer survivors have higher psychoticism scores than a control group and test the predictive utility of psychoticism with respect to depression and its cognitive–affective and motivational–somatic symptoms.
Ni2+-Based Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Chromatography of Lactose Operon Repressor Protein from Escherichia Coli

Abstract A two-step chromatographic sequence is described for the purification of native lactose operon repressor protein from Escherichia coli cells. The first step involves Ni2+-based immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography of the soluble cytoplasmic extract. This method provides superior speed, resolution and yield than the established phosphocellulose cation-exchange chromatographic procedure. Anion-exchange chromatography is used for further purification to >95% purity. The identity and purity of the lactose repressor protein were demonstrated using sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide electrophoresis, crystallization, tryptic finger-printing mass spectrometry, and inducer binding assays. The purified lac repressor exhibited inducer sensitivity for operator DNA binding and undergoes a conformational change upon inducer binding. By all these extensive biochemical criteria, the purified protein behaves exactly as that described for the Escherichia coli lactose operon repressor.
Energy transfer and picosecond relaxation of F centers in RbCl, KCl, and KBr.

Possible decay mechanisms of excited F centers are investigated in both additively colored and x-irradiated RbCl, KCl, and KBr, containing typically more than 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{16}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ F centers and sizable amounts of dimer (${\mathit{F}}_{2}$) and higher F aggregates. Time-resolved ground-state recovery measurements under F-band excitation at low temperature and optical-absorption data show a picosecond deexcitation process, occurring for a substantial number of F centers and possessing shorter decay times for higher relative concentrations of ${\mathit{F}}_{2}$ and N centers. This establishes energy transfer from excited F to ${\mathit{F}}_{2}$ centers, a controversial topic throughout the literature, and towards N centers in KCl to be both competitive relaxation channels. Transient absorption measurements in heavily colored KCl by Gadonas et al., which show increased transparency in the ${\mathit{F}}_{2}$-band region 500 ps after pulsed F excitation, fully support the above conclusion. A similar behavior was also observed in RbCl and KBr. This additional decay channel could adversely affect laser operation in several color-center lasers.
Essay on Dynamical Long-Range Forecasts of Atmospheric Circulation

The feasibility of monthly and seasonal forecasts is considered. 'The gross features of departures of meteorological variables from climatology (anomalies) are the targets of forecasts, and the anomalies can be divided into two modes, i.e., free modes and forced modes. The free modes are the anomalies that are predicted under the specification of climatological external forcings for the surface temperature, that are free from the anomalous forcings, whereas the forced modes are the anomalies that correspond to the anomalous components of external forcings. The GCM (general circulation model) is, in some cases, capable of predicting the free mode at least one month ahead (particularly the most extraordinary blocking event in January, 1977), and is, in other cases, marginal. However, the capability could be increased further by improving the GCM. In addition, recent studies have revealed that there are growing evidences for the feasibility of prediction of forced modes over the United States through the teleconnection process from the sea surface temperature anomalies over the equatorial Pacific. Yet the GCM approach is expensive and may be limited in improving mathematical accuracy, to a satisfactory extent. As a remedy, the possibility of anomaly models are being investigated.
Interpersonal and role-related schema influence the relationship with the dominant ‘voice’ in schizophrenia: a comparison of three models

Background. Auditory hallucinations in psychosis often contain critical evaluations of the voice-hearer (for example, attacks on self-worth). A voice-hearer's experience with their dominant voice is a mirror of their social relationships in general, with experiences of feeling low in rank to both voices and others being associated with depression. However, the direction of the relationship between psychosis, depression and feeling subordinate is unclear. Method. Covariance structural equation modelling was used with data from 125 participants diagnosed with schizophrenia to compare three ‘causal’ models: (1) that depression leads to the appraisal of low social rank, voice power and distress; (2) that psychotic illness leads to voice activity (frequency, audibility), which in turn leads to depression and the appraisal of voices' power; (3) our hypothesized model, that perceptions of social rank and social power lead to the appraisal of voice power, distress and depression. Results. Findings supported model 3, suggesting that the appraisal of social power and rank are primary organizing schema underlying the appraisal of voice power, and the distress of voices. Conclusions. Voices can be seen to operate like external social relationships. Voice content and experience can mirror a person's social sense of being powerless and controlled by others. These findings suggest important new targets for intervention with cognitive and social therapy.
The Psychometric Properties of the Amharic Version of the Children’s Impact of Traumatic Events Scale-Revised: A Study on Child Sexual Abuse Survivors in Ethiopia

The study assessed the internal consistency and construct validity of the Amharic version of the Children’s Impact of Traumatic Events Scale-Revised (CITES-R). Data was collected from 318 female children. With few exceptions, the result revealed that the internal consistency and the construct validity of the scale were found to be in the expected directions. The mean alpha value for all the scales was 0.71. Social support and empowerment were significantly correlated with the positive self-worth component of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Moreover, intercorrelations between the PTSD symptoms and abuse attributions demonstrated significant positive associations. In conclusion, the Amharic version of the CITES-R was found to be comparable with the original scale and previous studies that employed this instrument.
Immediate affect as a basis for intuitive moral judgement: An adaptation of the affect misattribution procedure

Recent intuitionist accounts have emphasised the role of immediate affective reactions in shaping moral judgement. In two studies, we adopted the affect misattribution procedure (Payne, Cheng, Govorun, & Stewart, 2005; JPSP) to assess immediate affective reactions toward moral stimuli. We investigated how immediate moral affect influences guilt experiences in a moral dilemma (Study 1) and emotional reactions and the rejection decision with regard to an unfair monetary offer in the ultimatum game (Study 2). In Study 1, immediate moral affect had a significant effect on anticipated guilt. In Study 2, immediate moral affect had a direct effect on emotional reactions to the unfair offer and an indirect effect on the rejection decision. Moreover, evidence for a moderator effect of preference for intuition was obtained in both studies. Taken together, these results indicate that immediate moral affect can colour people's moral inferences and decisions, especially if they trust their intuitions.
Zusammenhänge zwischen Cyberbullying und Bullying – erste Ergebnisse aus einer Selbstberichtsstudie

Zusammenfassung Wenn Lis (2007) Annahme zutrifft, dass das neue Phanomen Cyberbullying nichts anderes ist als "alter Wein in neuen Schlauchen", dann sind viele Cyberbullies und Cybervictims gleich-zeitig auch Bullies und Victims im realen Leben. Weitere Ziele waren, die Pravalenz von (Cyber-)Bullying zu messen und die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede beider Formen zu untersuchen. Die Studie wurde als Online-Umfrage nach der CAPI-Methode umgesetzt. Das Sample besteht aus 838 Jugendlichen (von 11-17 Jahren), die als gesamte Schulklassen teilnahmen. Die Daten legen nahe, dass Li grundsatzlich Recht hat, jedoch auch wichtige Unterschiede zu traditionellem Bullying bestehen: (1) Beim Cyberbullying scheinen sich ge-schlechtsspezifische Unterschiede zu reduzieren und (2) Cybervictims scheinen sich haufiger als traditionelle Victims gegen die Tater zur Wehr zu setzen.
Widowhood as a Life Transition: Its Impact on Kinship Ties.

This paper explores the impact that marital status has upon the primary kinship ties of older women. Interview data obtained from 132 older women reveal that there is some continuity in family life for women in the later stages of the life cycle inasmuch as ties with children, which are based largely on obligation, are not much affected by widowhood. However, relationships that are based more on mutual interest in the other's well-being, such as those with siblings and extended kin, are affected by the death of one's spouse.