Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Zofenopril Compared With Placebo and Other Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Previous Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Pooled Individual Data Analysis of 4 Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled, Prospective Studies

Abstract: In the Survival of Myocardial Infarction Long-term Evaluation (SMILE) 1, 3, and 4 studies, early administration of zofenopril in acute myocardial infarction showed to be prognostically beneficial versus placebo or ramipril. The SMILE-2 showed that both zofenopril and lisinopril are safe and showed no significant differences in the incidence of major cardiovascular (CV) complications. In this pooled analysis of individual data of the SMILE studies, we evaluated whether the superior efficacy of zofenopril is maintained also in patients with ≥1 CV risk factor (CV+, n = 2962) as compared to CV− (n = 668). The primary study end point was set to 1-year combined occurrence of death or hospitalization for CV causes. The risk of CV events was significantly reduced with zofenopril versus placebo either in the CV+ (−37%; hazard ratio: 0.63; 95% confidence interval: 0.51–0.78; P = 0.0001) or in the CV− group (−55%; hazard ratio: 0.45; 0.26–0.78; P = 0.004). Also, the other angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors reduced the risk of major CV outcomes, though the reduction was not statistically significant versus placebo (CV+: 0.78; 0.58–1.05; P = 0.107; CV−: 0.71; 0.36–1.41; P = 0.334). The benefit was larger in patients treated with zofenopril than other angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, with a statistically significant difference for CV+ (0.79; 0.63–0.99; P = 0.039) versus CV− (0.62; 0.37–1.06; P = 0.081). In conclusion, zofenopril administered to patients after acute myocardial infarction has a positive impact on prognosis, regardless of the patient's CV risk profile.
Comparison of Surface Quality and Tool-Life of Glulam Window Elements after Planing

The quality of the surface of wooden elements, that have been planed, has a crucial importance in the whole production process, since the obtained effects affect the quality of wooden surface after finishing (painting). The occurrence of defects is usually the reason for qualifying a workpiece as scrap or for requiring additional work. This paper presents the selected results of research of the effect of the cutting tool wear on the surface quality of elements after planing. Research experiments were conducted on the SCM Superset Class machine tool. Glulam elements of pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) were researched. The raw material samples (semi-finished products), 6 m long before planing, had been machined by suppliers also by planing. These workpieces were selected according to the plant requirements, e.g. their moisture content, straightness, and other defects. This paper presents the measuring results of surface roughness and some examples of surface profiles, as well as the dependence of total length of the planed elements on the type of blade material. From an economic point of view, the results showed that the use of solid carbide blades were more cost effective.
Common Variants on Chromosome 9p21 Are Associated with Normal Tension Glaucoma

Although intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most definitive cause of glaucoma, a subtype of open angle glaucoma (OAG) termed normal tension glaucoma (NTG), which occurs in spite of normal IOP, accounts for a large part of glaucoma cases, especially in Japan. To find common genetic variants contributing to NTG in Japanese patients, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS). We performed the first screening for 531,009 autosomal SNPs with a discovery cohort of 286 cases and 557 controls, and then a second screening for the top 30 suggestive loci in an independent cohort of 183 cases and 514 controls. Our findings identified a significantly associated SNP; rs523096 [combined p-value = 7.40× 10−8, odds ratio (OR) = 2.00 with 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.55–2.58] located 10 kbp upstream of CDKN2B on chromosome 9p21. Moreover, analysis of another independent case-control set successfully replicated the results of the screening studies (combined values of all 3 stages p = 4.96 × 10−11, OR = 2.13 with 95% CI 1.69–2.68). The SNPs near rs523096 were recently reported to be associated with OAG associated with elevated IOP in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), the predominant subtype of glaucoma in Caucasian populations. Our results revealed that the 9p21 locus is also associated with NTG in Japanese. In addition, we identified SNPs more strongly associated with NTG.
Three-dimensional calculations of high- and low-mass planets embedded in protoplanetary discs

We analyse the non-linear, three-dimensional response of a gaseous, viscous protoplanetary disc to the presence of a planet of mass ranging from 1 Earth mass (1 M⊕) to 1 Jupiter mass (1 MJ) by using the ZEUS hydrodynamics code. We determine the gas f ow pattern, and the accretion and migration rates of the planet. The planet is assumed to be in a f xed circular orbit about the central star. It is also assumed to be able to accrete gas without expansion on the scale of its Roche radius. Only planets with masses Mp 0.1 MJ produce significan perturbations in the surface density of the disc. The fl w within the Roche lobe of the planet is fullythree-dimensional.GasstreamsgenerallyentertheRochelobeclosetothediscmid-plane, but produce much weaker shocks than the streams in two-dimensional models. The streams supply material to a circumplanetary disc that rotates in the same sense as the orbit of the planet. Much of the mass supply to the circumplanetary disc comes from non-coplanar fl w. The accretion rate peaks with a planet mass of approximately 0.1 MJ and is highly efficient occurring at the local viscous rate. The migration time-scales for planets of mass less than 0.1 MJ, based on torques from disc material outside the Roche lobes of the planets, are in excellent agreement with the linear theory of type I (non-gap) migration for three-dimensional discs.ThetransitionfromtypeItotypeII(gap)migrationissmooth,withchangesinmigration times of about a factor of 2. Starting with a core which can undergo runaway growth, a planet can gain up to a few MJ with little migration. Planets with fina masses of the order of 10 MJ would undergo large migration, which makes formation and survival difficult
Risk markers for excess mortality in adults with congenital heart disease: does one size fit all?

Over the past few decades, improved survival in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), particularly those with severe defects, has given rise to a rapidly growing and aging population of adult survivors with increasingly complex disease (1,2). Nevertheless, mortality rates remain higher than the general population, with patients most commonly succumbing to heart failure and to sudden death of presumed arrhythmic etiology. In a recent issue of the European Heart Journal , Oliver et al. explored factors associated with excess mortality in a cohort of 3,311 adults with CHD followed for a median of 10.5 years in a dedicated referral center (3).
People Counting in High Density Crowds from Still Images

We present a method of estimating the number of people in high density crowds from still images. The method estimates counts by fusing information from multiple sources. Most of the existing work on crowd counting deals with very small crowds (tens of individuals) and use temporal information from videos. Our method uses only still images to estimate the counts in high density images (hundreds to thousands of individuals). At this scale, we cannot rely on only one set of features for count estimation. We, therefore, use multiple sources, viz. interest points (SIFT), Fourier analysis, wavelet decomposition, GLCM features and low confidence head detections, to estimate the counts. Each of these sources gives a separate estimate of the count along with confidences and other statistical measures which are then combined to obtain the final estimate. We test our method on an existing dataset of fifty images containing over 64000 individuals. Further, we added another fifty annotated images of crowds and tested on the complete dataset of hundred images containing over 87000 individuals. The counts per image range from 81 to 4633. We report the performance in terms of mean absolute error, which is a measure of accuracy of the method, and mean normalised absolute error, which is a measure of the robustness.
Deep background subtraction with scene-specific convolutional neural networks

Background subtraction is usually based on low-level or hand-crafted features such as raw color components, gradients, or local binary patterns. As an improvement, we present a background subtraction algorithm based on spatial features learned with convolutional neural networks (ConvNets). Our algorithm uses a background model reduced to a single background image and a scene-specific training dataset to feed ConvNets that prove able to learn how to subtract the background from an input image patch. Experiments led on 2014 ChangeDetection.net dataset show that our ConvNet based algorithm at least reproduces the performance of state-of-the-art methods, and that it even outperforms them significantly when scene-specific knowledge is considered.
Positive Psychological Assessment: A Handbook of Models and Measures

Striking a Vital Balance: Developing A Complementary Focus on Human Weakness and Strength Through Positive Psychological Assessment - Shane J. Lopez, C. R. Snyder, & Heather N. Rasmussen Measuring and Labeling the Positive and the Negative - C. R. Snyder, Shane J. Lopez, Lisa M. Edwards, Jennifer Teramoto Pedrotti, Ellie C. Prosser, Stephanie LaRue Walton, Susan Spalitto, & Jon C. Uiven Positive Psychological Assessment in an Increasingly Diverse World - Lisa Flores & Ezemenari M. Obasi Learned Optimism: The Measurement of Explanatory Style - Karen Reivich & Jane Gillham Optimism - Charles C. Carver & Michael F. Scheier Hope: Many Definitions, Many Measures - Shane J. Lopez, C. R. Snyder, & Jennifer Teramoto Pedrotti Measuring Career Self-Efficacy: Promoting Confidence and Happiness at Work - Karen M. O'Brien Problem-Solving Appraisal - P. Paul Heppner & Yu-Wei Wang Locus of Control: Back to Basics - Genevieve Fournier & Chantale Jeanrie Assessing Creativity in Research and Practice - Barb Kerr & Camea Gagliardi The Assessment of Wisdom-Related Performance - U. M. Staudinger & B. Leipold Profiling Courage - Shane J. Lopez, Kristin Koetting O'Byrne, & Stephanie Petersen Measuring Positive Emotions - Richard E. Lucas, Ed Diener, & Randy J. Larsen Assessing Self-Esteem - Todd F. Heatherton & Carrie L. Wyland Romantic Love: Measuring Cupid's Arrow - Clyde Hendrick & Susan S. Hendrick Measuring Emotional Inteiligence as a Set of Abilities With the MSCEIT - Peter Salovey, John D. Mayer, David Caruso, & Paulo N. Lopes Empathy and Its Measurement - Qing Zhou, Carlos Valiente, & Nancy Eisenberg The Assessment of Adult Attachment Security - Frederick G. Lopez Measuring Forgiveness - Laura Yamhure Thompson & C. R. Snyder Sense of Humor - Rod A. Martin The Assessment of Gratitude - Robert A. Emmons, Michael E. McCullough, & Jo-Ann Tsang Measuring Religious Constructs: A Hierarchical Approach to Construct Organization and Scale Selection - Jo-Ann Tsang & Michael E. McCullough Moral Judgment Maturity: From Clinical to Standard Measures - John C. Gibbs, Karen S. Basinger, & Rebecca L. Grime Vocational Psychology Assessment: Positive Human Characteristics Leading to Positive Work Outcomes - Christine Robitschek Positive Coping: Mastering Demands and Searching for Meaning - Ralf Schwarzer & Nina Knoll The Measurement and Utility of Adult Subjective Well - Being-Corey L. M. Keyes & Jeana L. Magyar-Moe Quality of Life - M. J. Power Environmental Assessment: Examining Influences on Optimal Human Functioning - Heather N. Rasmussen, Jason E. Neufeld, Jennifer C. Bouwkamp, Lisa M. Edwards, Alicia Ito, Jeana L. Magyar-Moe, Jamie A. Ryder, & Shane J. Lopez The Future of Positive Psychological Assessment: Making a Difference - Shane J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder
Achievable rate region of CSMA schedulers in wireless networks with primary interference constraints

We consider Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) schedulers for wireless networks. For networks where all nodes are within transmission range of each other, it has been shown that such schedulers achieve the network capacity in the limiting region of large networks with a small sensing delay. However the design and analysis of CSMA schedulers for general networks has been an open problem due to the complexity of the interaction among coupled interference constraints. For networks with primary interference constraints, we introduce a tractable analysis of such CSMA schedulers based on a fixed point approximation. We then use the approximation to characterize the achievable rate region of static CSMA schedulers. We show that the approximation is asymptotically accurate for the limiting regime of large networks with a small sensing delay, and that in this case the achievable rate region of CSMA converges to the capacity region.
MOIRCS DEEP SURVEY. III. ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI IN MASSIVE GALAXIES AT z = 2–4

We investigate the X-ray properties of the K-band-selected galaxies at redshift 2 < z < 4 by using our deep near-infrared images obtained in the Multi-Object Infrared Camera and Spectrograph Deep Survey project and the published Chandra X-ray source catalog. Sixty-one X-ray sources with the 2–10 keV luminosity LX = 1042–1044 erg s−1 are identified with the K-selected galaxies and we found that they are exclusively (90%) associated with the massive objects with a stellar mass larger than 1010.5 M☉. Our results are consistent with the idea that the MBH/Mstr ratio of the galaxies at z = 2–4 is similar to the present-day value. On the other hand, the active galactic nucleus (AGN) detection rate among the very massive galaxies with a stellar mass larger than 1011 M☉ is high, 33% (26/78). They are active objects in the sense that the black hole mass accretion rate is ≈1%–50% of the Eddington limit if they indeed have similar MBH/Mstr ratio with those observed in the local universe. The active duration in the AGN duty cycle of the high-redshift massive galaxies seems large.
Taxonomic Identification of Ruminal Epithelial Bacterial Diversity during Rumen Development in Goats

ABSTRACT Understanding of the colonization process of epithelial bacteria attached to the rumen tissue during rumen development is very limited. Ruminal epithelial bacterial colonization is of great significance for the relationship between the microbiota and the host and can influence the early development and health of the host. MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) were applied to characterize ruminal epithelial bacterial diversity during rumen development in this study. Seventeen goat kids were selected to reflect the no-rumination (0 and 7 days), transition (28 and 42 days), and rumination (70 days) phases of animal development. Alpha diversity indices (operational taxonomic unit [OTU] numbers, Chao estimate, and Shannon index) increased (P < 0.01) with age, and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed that the samples clustered together according to age group. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were detected as the dominant phyla regardless of the age group, and the abundance of Proteobacteria declined quadratically with age (P < 0.001), while the abundances of Bacteroidetes (P = 0.088) and Firmicutes (P = 0.009) increased with age. At the genus level, Escherichia (80.79%) dominated at day zero, while Prevotella, Butyrivibrio, and Campylobacter surged (linearly; P < 0.01) in abundance at 42 and 70 days. qPCR showed that the total copy number of epithelial bacteria increased linearly (P = 0.013) with age. In addition, the abundances of the genera Butyrivibrio, Campylobacter, and Desulfobulbus were positively correlated with rumen weight, rumen papilla length, ruminal ammonia and total volatile fatty acid concentrations, and activities of carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) and xylanase. Taking the data together, colonization by ruminal epithelial bacteria is age related (achieved at 2 months) and might participate in the anatomic and functional development of the rumen.
Identification of gravitropic response indicator genes in Arabidopsis inflorescence stems.

Differential organ growth during gravitropic response is caused by differential accumulation of auxin, that is, relative higher auxin concentration in lower flanks than in upper flanks of responding organs. Auxin responsive reporter systems such as DR5::GUS and DR5::GFP have usually been used as indicators of gravitropic response in roots and hypocotyls of Arabidopsis. However, in the inflorescence stems, the reporter systems don't work well to monitor gravitropic response. Here, we aim to certify appropriate gravitropic response indicators (GRIs) in inflorescence stems. We performed microarray analysis comparing gene expression profiles between upper and lower flanks of Arabidopsis inflorescence stems after gravistimulation. Thirty genes showed>2-fold differentially increased expression in lower flanks at 30 min, of which 19 were auxin response genes. We focused on IAA5 and IAA2 and verified whether they are appropriate GRIs by real-time qRT-PCR analyses. Transcript levels of IAA5 and IAA2 were remarkably higher in lower flanks than in upper flanks after gravistimulation. The biased IAA5 or IAA2 expression is disappeared in sgr2-1 mutant which is defective in gravity perception, indicating that gravity perception process is essential for formation of the biased gene expression during gravitropism. IAA5 expression was remarkably increased in lower flanks at 30 min after gravistimulation, whereas IAA2 expression was gradually decreased in upper flanks in a time-dependent manner. Therefore, we conclude that IAA5 is a sensitive GRI to monitor asymmetric auxin signaling caused by gravistimulation in Arabidopsis inflorescence stems.
S100A11 Mediates Hypoxia-induced Mitogenic Factor (HIMF)-induced Smooth Muscle Cell Migration, Vesicular Exocytosis, and Nuclear Activation*

Hypoxia-induced mitogenic factor (HIMF) is a newly discovered protein that is up-regulated in murine models of pulmonary arterial hypertension and asthma. Our previous study shows that HIMF is a potent mitogenic, angiogenic, and vasoconstrictive chemokine associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to investigate downstream molecules in HIMF-induced cell signaling, demonstrating that S100A11, an EF-hand calcium-binding protein, was exclusively altered and was decreased (2.7 ± 0.2-fold, p < 0.05) in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs) treated with HIMF for 5 min compared with untreated cells (n = 4). Immunofluorescence showed that in control cells S100A11 is a cytosolic protein, which then aggregates and translocates both to the plasma membrane with subsequent exocytosis and to the nucleus upon HIMF stimulation. Annexin A2, a known S100A11 binding partner, also colocalized with S100A11 during HIMF-induced membrane trafficking. To investigate the intracellular function of S100A11, siRNA was used to knock down S100A11 expression in SMCs. The S100A11 knockdown significantly reduced HIMF-induced SMC migration but did not affect the SMC mitogenic action of HIMF. Our data show that S100A11 mediates HIMF-induced smooth muscle cell migration, vesicular exocytosis, and nuclear activation.
Academic freedom, achievement standards and professional identity

The tension between the freedom of academics to grade the achievements of their students without interference or coercion and the prerogative of higher education institutions to control grading standards is often deliberated by weighing up the authority and rights of the two parties. An alternative approach is to start with an analysis of the characteristics necessary for a system to exhibit integrity in grading academic achievement and treat the establishment and maintenance of academic standards as a problem to be solved. This would allow the respective responsibilities of academics and institutions to be resolved within a concrete setting rather than in the abstract. Connecting the typical characteristics of a profession with Isaiah Berlin’s two concepts of liberty leads to a productive partnership in which the respective interests of individual academics and the values of institutions can converge on a practical solution to the problem of academic freedom.
Telling Two Distributions Apart: a Tight Characterization

We consider the problem of distinguishing between two arbitrary black-box distributions defined over the domain [n], given access to $s$ samples from both. It is known that in the worst case O(n^{2/3}) samples is both necessary and sufficient, provided that the distributions have L1 difference of at least {\epsilon}. However, it is also known that in many cases fewer samples suffice. We identify a new parameter, that provides an upper bound on how many samples needed, and present an efficient algorithm that requires the number of samples independent of the domain size. Also for a large subclass of distributions we provide a lower bound, that matches our upper bound up to a poly-logarithmic factor.
Mutational analysis of the BRAF gene in human congenital and dysplastic melanocytic naevi

Eighteen congenital melanocytic naevi (CMN) from 17 patients and 18 dysplastic melanocytic naevi (DMN) from 18 patients were screened for mutations in the BRAF oncogene (present study) and the N-ras oncogene (in the course of two foregoing studies) by single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP)/sequencing analysis. BRAF mutations were demonstrated in both types of lesion. As a whole, 17 of 18 CMN (94.4%) and five of 18 DMN (27.7%) harboured either BRAF or N-ras mutations. As the BRAF oncogene is frequently found to be mutated in human cutaneous melanomas, it may constitute a risk factor for melanoma formation within CMN and DMN.
A Novel Approach for Mining Polymorphic Microsatellite Markers In Silico

An important emerging application of high-throughput 454 sequencing is the isolation of molecular markers such as microsatellites from genomic DNA. However, few studies have developed microsatellites from cDNA despite the added potential for targeting candidate genes. Moreover, to develop microsatellites usually requires the evaluation of numerous primer pairs for polymorphism in the focal species. This can be time-consuming and wasteful, particularly for taxa with low genetic diversity where the majority of primers often yield monomorphic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. Transcriptome assemblies provide a convenient solution, functional annotation of transcripts allowing markers to be targeted towards candidate genes, while high sequence coverage in principle permits the assessment of variability in silico. Consequently, we evaluated fifty primer pairs designed to amplify microsatellites, primarily residing within transcripts related to immunity and growth, identified from an Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) transcriptome assembly. In silico visualization was used to classify each microsatellite as being either polymorphic or monomorphic and to quantify the number of distinct length variants, each taken to represent a different allele. The majority of loci (n = 36, 76.0%) yielded interpretable PCR products, 23 of which were polymorphic in a sample of 24 fur seal individuals. Loci that appeared variable in silico were significantly more likely to yield polymorphic PCR products, even after controlling for microsatellite length measured in silico. We also found a significant positive relationship between inferred and observed allele number. This study not only demonstrates the feasibility of generating modest panels of microsatellites targeted towards specific classes of gene, but also suggests that in silico microsatellite variability may provide a useful proxy for PCR product polymorphism.