Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Direct Costs in the First Years of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Impact of Early versus Late Biologic Initiation - An Economic Analysis Based on the ESPOIR Cohort

Objectives To estimate annual direct costs of early RA by resource component in an inception cohort, with reference to four distinct treatment strategies: no disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), synthetic DMARDs only, biologic DMARDs in the first year (‘first-year biologic’, FYB), and biologic DMARDs from the second year after inclusion (‘later-year biologic’, LYB); to determine predictors of total and non-DMARD related costs. Methods The ESPOIR cohort is a French multicentric, prospective study of 813 patients with early arthritis. Data assessing RA-related resource utilisation and disease characteristics were collected at baseline, biannually during the first two years and annually thereafter. Costs predictors were determined by generalised linear mixed analyses. Results Over the 4-year follow-up, mean annual direct total costs per treatment strategy group were €3,612 for all patients and €998, €1,922, €14,791, €8,477 respectively for no DMARDs, synthetic DMARDs only, FYB and LYB users. The main predictors of higher costs were biologic use and higher Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) scores at baseline. Being a biologic user led to a higher total cost (FYB Rate Ratio (RR) 7.22, [95% CI 5.59–9.31]; LYB RR 4.39, [95% CI 3.58–5.39]) compared to non-biologic users. Only LYB increased non-DMARD related costs compared to all other patients by 60%. Conclusions FYB users incurred the highest levels of total costs, while their non-DMARD related costs remained similar to non-biologic users, possibly reflecting better RA control.
Correlated responses to long‐term divergent selection for 8‐week body weight in female White Plymouth Rock chickens: Sexual maturity

ABSTRACT Reported here are correlated responses for reproductive traits to long‐term divergent selection (54 generations) for 8‐week body weight (BW8). Comparisons involved both selected and relaxed lines. Traits measured were age at first egg (AFE), body weight at first egg (WFE), and ratio of body weight and age at first egg (WAFE). Although sexual maturity was delayed in the selected lines, the effect was more pronounced in the low than high selected and relaxed lines. Selection for low BW resulted in decreases in WFE and WAFE. Correlated responses to selection for high BW were increased WFE and WAFE. Minimum AFE, WFE, and WAFE in relation to sexual maturity were line specific and influenced by selection for BW8. WAFE provided a “yardstick” for target body weights that were optimum for successful attainment of sexual maturity and higher reproductive rates. Such may be line specific. There was opposition between relaxed and artificial selection, resulting in a higher reproductive performance and fitness for the former.
Phase-field models in materials science

The phase-field method is reviewed against its historical and theoretical background. Starting from Van der Waals considerations on the structure of interfaces in materials the concept of the phase-field method is developed along historical lines. Basic relations are summarized in a comprehensive way. Special emphasis is given to the multi-phase-field method with extension to elastic interactions and fluid flow which allows one to treat multi-grain multi-phase structures in multicomponent materials. Examples are collected demonstrating the applicability of the different variants of the phase-field method in different fields of materials science.
Cognitive MIMO Relay Networks With Generalized Selection Combining

We propose transmit antenna selection with receive generalized selection combining in dual-hop cognitive decode-and-forward relay networks with spectrum sharing for reliability enhancement and interference relaxation. In this network, a single antenna, which maximizes the receive signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is selected at the secondary transmitter, and a subset of receive antennas with the highest SNRs is combined at the secondary receiver. To demonstrate the advantages of our proposed framework, we derive new exact closed-form expressions for the outage probability and the symbol error rate of the secondary network in Rayleigh fading. We also derive easy-to-evaluate asymptotic expressions in the high-SNR regime to gain practical insights. Several important design insights are reached. Under the proportional interference power constraint, the full diversity gain is achieved and is entirely determined by the total number of antennas available in the secondary network. This result is independent of the number of receive antennas combined and the number of primary users. The positive impact of the number of receive antennas combined and the negative impact of the number of primary users on the secondary network are showcased in the SNR gain. Under the fixed interference power constraint, error floors are displayed, and the diversity gain is lost.
Different Irrigation Water Requirements of Seed Corn and Field Corn in the Heihe River Basin

The Heihe River is the second largest river in arid areas of China, and the irrigation water of oasis agriculture in its middle reaches accounts for almost 80% of the water resources in the whole watershed. Corn is the most important crop in the middle reaches of the Heihe River, and its water consumption is about 50% of the total agriculture water consumption of the middle reaches. Therefore, in order to effectively use the water resources in the watershed, it is crucial to improve the efficiency of corn irrigation. In this paper, using the Ganzhou District in the middle reaches of the Heihe River as the study region, we carried out a field survey to obtain characteristics of seed and field corn. Based on our results, we conducted parameter calibration using the CROPWAT model and calculated the irrigation water requirements (IWR) of these two corn types. The irrigation water requirements of seed and field corn in the growing seasons were 470.1 and 488.5 mm, respectively. However, we observed big differences in the water consumption sequences of these two corn types. Prior to mid-July, evapotranspiration and IWR of seed corn were 14.3% and 20.1% higher, respectively, than those of field corn. In September, IWR of the two corn types started to decrease, with a value of 82.3 mm for seed corn, which was 32.1% lower than the IWR of field corn (108.7 mm) during the same period. However, there were no significant differences in the irrigation time and single irrigation amount for seed and field corn in the study area. Since corn is widely cultivated in the Zhangye Region, there is a considerable water-saving potential in agriculture if the irrigation water consumption can be adjusted according to the IWR of the two corn types.
Self‐Efficacy and Planning Predict Dietary Behaviors in Costa Rican and South Korean Women: Two Moderated Mediation Analyses

Dietary planning is supposed to mediate between intentions and dietary behaviors. However, if a person lacks self-efficacy, this mediation might fail. A cross-sectional study in Costa Rica and a longitudinal study in South Korea were designed to examine the moderating role of self-efficacy in the intention-planning-behavior relationship. Intentions, planning, self-efficacy, dietary behaviors, and baseline diet were assessed. Study 1 included 245 women; Study 2 included 358 women. Moderated mediation models were specified in which planning served as a mediator between intentions and behavior. Self-efficacy was specified as a moderator of the intention-planning-behavior relationship. Intentions were translated into dietary behavior by planning. However, levels of self-efficacy moderated this mediation process: The strength of the mediated effect increased along with levels of self-efficacy, even when accounting for baseline dietary behaviors. For planning to mediate the intention-behavior relation, people must harbor sufficient levels of self-efficacy. If they lack self-efficacy, either intentions are not well translated into planning, or planning is not well translated into behavior. Further research needs to clarify under which circumstances the moderator effect of self-efficacy operates in the first phase or the second phase of the mediation process.
Pharmacokinetics of micafungin in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Micafungin (MCFG) is an antifungal agent that is widely used for the treatment of invasive fungal infection. Although the pharmacokinetics of MCFG is considered to depend on the hepatic metabolism, the impact of hepatic function on the pharmacokinetics of MCFG has been inconsistent among previous studies. The object of this study was to evaluate the relationship between plasma MCFG concentration and clinical and laboratory data.
Optimality of Energy Estimates for the Wave Equation with Nonlinear Boundary Velocity Feedbacks

We consider the wave equation damped by a nonlinear boundary velocity feedback q(ut). First we consider the case where q has a linear growth at infinity. We prove that the usual decay rate estimates proved by Nakao [Differential Integral Equations, 8 (1995), pp. 681--688], Haraux and Zuazua [Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. , 100 (1988), pp. 191--206], Conrad, Leblond, and Marmorat [in Proceedings of the Fifth International Federation of Automatic Control Symposium on Control of Distributed Parameter Systems, Perpignan, 1989, pp. 101--116], Zuazua [SIAM J. Control Optim. , 28 (1990), pp. 466--477], and Komornik [in Control and Estimation of Distributed Parameter Systems: Nonlinear Phenomena, Internat. Ser. Numer. Math. 118, Birkhauser, Basel, 1994, pp. 253--266] when q has a polynomial behavior at zero and by the second author [ESAIM Control Optim. Calc. Var. , 4 (1999), pp. 419--444] in the general case are in fact optimal in one space dimension. More generally, we prove that the energy decays exactly like the solution of an explicit and simple ordinary differential equation. Next we study the problem when q is bounded at infinity. We prove that strong solutions decay exponentially to zero, and we exhibit a sequence of weak solutions for which the associated energy decays to zero at infinity as slowly as the iterated logarithms go to infinity at infinity.
Periventricular hyperintensities are associated with elevated cerebral amyloid

Objective: To investigate the association between periventricular white mater hyperintensities (PVWMH) and biomarkers of elevated cerebral β-amyloid (Aβ) in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, a large prospective multicenter observational study. Methods: The burden of frontal, parietal, and occipital PVWMH on 3T fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI was evaluated in 698 cognitively normal participants and participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using a novel semiquantitative visual rating scale. Results were correlated with CSF-Aβ, florbetapir-PET, and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)–PET. Results: Increased burden of parietal, occipital, and frontal PVWMH was associated with elevated cerebral amyloid evidenced by high florbetapir-PET signal (p < 0.01) and low CSF-Aβ (p < 0.01). In logistic regression models, including PVWMH, age, sex, APOE status, vascular risk factors, pulse pressure, vascular secondary prevention medications, education, ethnicity, and race, parietal, occipital, and frontal PVWMH burden was independently associated with high florbetapir-PET uptake (p < 0.05). In a similar logistic regression model, parietal and occipital (p < 0.05) but not frontal (p = 0.05) PVWMH were independently associated with CSF-Aβ. Weaker associations were found between parieto-occipital PVWMH and elevated CSF-tau (p < 0.05) and occipital PVWMH and elevated CSF-phospho-tau (p < 0.05). PVWMH were associated with cerebral hypometabolism on FDG-PET independent of CSF-Aβ levels (p < 0.05). Absolute and consistency of agreement intraclass correlation coefficients were, respectively, 0.83 and 0.83 for frontal, 0.78 and 0.8 for parietal, and 0.45 and 0.75 for occipital PVWMH measurements. Conclusions: Increased PVWMH were associated with elevated cerebral amyloid independent of potential confounders such as age, APOE genotype, and vascular risk factors. The mechanisms underlying the association between PVWMH and cerebral amyloid remain to be clarified.
A randomised trial comparing weight loss with aerobic exercise in overweight individuals with coronary artery disease: The CUT-IT trial

Background We aimed to compare the effect of aerobic interval training (AIT) versus a low energy diet (LED) on physical fitness, body composition, cardiovascular risk factors and symptoms in overweight individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods and design Seventy non-diabetic participants with CAD, a BMI>28 kg/m2 and aged 45 to 75 years were randomised to 12 weeks’ AIT at 90% peak heart rate three times a week or LED (800–1000 kcal/day) for 8–10 weeks followed by 2–4 weeks’ weight maintenance diet. Results Twenty-six (74%) AIT and 29 (83%) LED participants completed intervention per protocol. VO2peak (mL/kg fat free mass0.67/min) increased by 10.4% (p = 0.002) following AIT, whereas no change was observed after LED (−3.0%, p = 0.095). The LED group lost 10.6% body weight and 26.6% body fat mass (p < 0.001) compared to 1.6% (p = 0.002) and 5.5% (p < 0.001) following AIT. Waist circumference and visceral abdominal fat were reduced by both interventions but were most pronounced following LED (between-group, p < 0.001). Total cholesterol, non-HDL-C and triglycerides decreased significantly in both groups whereas HDL-C and blood pressure were unchanged. Six participants had their antihypertensive treatment reduced following LED (between-group, p = 0.032). Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS), New York Heart Association (NYHA) and anxiety scores were improved, while depressive symptoms remained unchanged. Intention-to-treat analyses including 65 participants (93%) were similar to per protocol analysis. Conclusion Both interventions were feasible and effective in achieving the desired effects. LED was superior in improving body composition and blood pressure, whereas effects on lipids and symptoms were similar in the two groups. Thus, both AIT and LED improve the cardiovascular risk profile in overweight individuals with contemporarily treated CAD.
New species of Paramoebidium (trichomycetes, Mesomycetozoea) from the Mediterranean, with comments about the amoeboid cells in Amoebidiales

Paramoebidium, along with Amoebidium, constitute the order Amoebidiales, traditionally included in the ecological group trichomycetes and conventionally studied by mycologists, although they are phylogenetically embedded in the protist clade Mesomycetozoean (Ichthyosporea). The genus Paramoebidium has 13 accepted species, all associated with immature stages of aquatic insects. Three new species of Paramoebidium, P. angulatum, P. avitruviense and P. ecdyonuridaei, are described here, associated with either Plecoptera and Ephemeroptera nymphs. During routine observations of the amoeboid phases, uroidal adhesive filaments at the posterior end of the amoebae were noted and photographed, this being a novel observation for the Amoebidiales. This and other features are illustrated for all taxa.
Neutrophil‐dominant experimental autoimmune uveitis in CC‐chemokine receptor 2 knockout mice

Purpose: Murine experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) is an animal model of human uveitis. It has been demonstrated that ocular‐infiltrating macrophages are crucial for EAU induction, and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) was actually upregulated in the eye. CC chemokine receptor‐2 (CCR2) is the receptor of MCP‐1, and macrophages fail to recruit particular lesions in CCR2 knockout (KO) mice. To confirm the role of macrophages in EAU, we examined EAU in CCR2 KO mice.
Mixed ancestry and admixture in Kauai's feral chickens: invasion of domestic genes into ancient Red Junglefowl reservoirs

A major goal of invasion genetics is to determine how establishment histories shape non‐native organisms' genotypes and phenotypes. While domesticated species commonly escape cultivation to invade feral habitats, few studies have examined how this process shapes feral gene pools and traits. We collected genomic and phenotypic data from feral chickens (Gallus gallus) on the Hawaiian island of Kauai to (i) ascertain their origins and (ii) measure standing variation in feral genomes, morphology and behaviour. Mitochondrial phylogenies (D‐loop & whole Mt genome) revealed two divergent clades within our samples. The rare clade also contains sequences from Red Junglefowl (the domestic chicken's progenitor) and ancient DNA sequences from Kauai that predate European contact. This lineage appears to have been dispersed into the east Pacific by ancient Polynesian colonists. The more prevalent MtDNA clade occurs worldwide and includes domesticated breeds developed recently in Europe that are farmed within Hawaii. We hypothesize this lineage originates from recently feralized livestock and found supporting evidence for increased G. gallus density on Kauai within the last few decades. SNPs obtained from whole‐genome sequencing were consistent with historic admixture between Kauai's divergent (G. gallus) lineages. Additionally, analyses of plumage, skin colour and vocalizations revealed that Kauai birds' behaviours and morphologies overlap with those of domestic chickens and Red Junglefowl, suggesting hybrid origins. Together, our data support the hypotheses that (i) Kauai's feral G. gallus descend from recent invasion(s) of domestic chickens into an ancient Red Junglefowl reservoir and (ii) feral chickens exhibit greater phenotypic diversity than candidate source populations. These findings complicate management objectives for Pacific feral chickens, while highlighting the potential of this and other feral systems for evolutionary studies of invasions.
Delayed-state-derivative feedback for improving consensus performance of second-order delayed multi-agent systems

In this article, delayed-state-derivative feedback is introduced into the existing delayed consensus protocol for improving the robustness against communication delay and the convergence speed of reaching the consensus simultaneously. Frequency-domain analysis and algebra graph theory are employed to derive the sufficient and necessary condition guaranteeing the second-order delayed multi-agent system applying the consensus protocol with the delayed-state-derivative feedback to achieve the stationary consensus asymptotically. It is proved that introducing delayed-state-derivative feedback with the proper intensity can improve the robustness against communication delay and that for two particular kinds of second-order delayed multi-agent systems, introducing the delayed-state-derivative feedback can also accelerate the convergence speed, provided that the intensity of the delayed-state-derivative feedback is chosen properly. Simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Genotoxicity evaluation of Moringa oleifera seed extract and lectin.

UNLABELLED This article reports the genotoxicity assessment of an extract of M. oleifera seed powder and the water-soluble Moringa oleifera lectin (WSMoL) isolated from seeds. The lectin isolated by chitin chromatography showed hemagglutinating activity with different erythrocytes, activity in a broad pH range (4.5 to 9.5), and retention of hemagglutinating activity after being heated to 100 °C. Genotoxicity of the seed extract and WSMoL were assessed using the cell-free plasmid DNA as well as the Salmonella typhimurium (Ames and Kado) assays with TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA102 in the presence or absence of hepatic metabolization. Seed extract at concentration (0.2 μg/μL) recommended to treat water was not genotoxic by Ames, Kado, and cell-free plasmid DNA assays. S. typhimurium strains showed to be sensitive to M. oleifera extract revealing a mutagenic effect at doses higher than 0.6 μg/μL with hepatic metabolization. The extract at doses higher than 0.4 μg/μL, without hepatic metabolization, was mutagenic for TA100 and TA102. WSMoL was nonmutagenic by used assays. The use of high concentrations of the extract may pose a risk to human health and the safe use of M. oleifera seed powder to treat water for human consumption requires more study; however, the purified lectin could be an alternative for water treatment. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The concentration 0.2 μg/μL of M. oleifera seed extract recommended to treat water for humans did not pose a risk to human health. The mutagenicity detected at concentrations higher than 0.4 μg/μL was not due to WSMoL, lectin isolated from extract.
Enhanced Expression of NLRP3 Inflammasome-Related Inflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the association between nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-induced inflammation and disease severity in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods Blood samples were collected from 64 patients with diabetes (DR, 43; without DR, 21) and 25 healthy controls. The protein and mRNA expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasomes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were determined using western blotting and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR. A total of 82 vitreous samples were obtained from patients with DR (n = 60) and nondiabetic controls (n = 22). All patients were candidates for vitrectomy. Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture medium and vitreous fluid were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunofluorescence staining for apoptosis-associated speck-like protein with a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and NLRP3 was performed in fibrovascular membranes from 21 proliferative DR patients and 22 controls with idiopathic epiretinal membranes. Results We observed increased gene and protein expression of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of adults with DR compared with that in normal controls. Furthermore, the elevated expressions of NLRP3 and ASC were observed in the fibrovascular membranes from 21 adults with proliferative DR when compared with the 22 controls. IL-1β and IL-18 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and vitreous fluid were elevated in the DR patients when compared with controls. Conclusions These outcomes suggested that NLRP3 inflammasomes are upregulated in adults with DR and may play a key role in the pathogenesis and progression of DR.
Application of the Spatial–Spectral CG-FFT Method for the Solution of Electromagnetic Scattering by Buried Flat Metallic Objects

The conjugate gradient fast Fourier transform (CG-FFT) method to analyze electromagnetic scattering by buried flat metallic objects of arbitrary shape and large size is presented. Due to the use of FFT in the spatial domain and spectral domain to handle a spatial-domain convolution, the electric field integral equation and scattered fields can be rapidly solved without evaluations of Sommerfeld integrals. The accuracy of this algorithm is better than that of the conventional CG-FFT method, and the CPU time required for this algorithm is reduced to a minimum, while memory cost is order of N (the total cell number) and computational complexity is of order N log N in each iteration