Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Choosing to be present with clients: an evidence – based model for building trainees’ counselling competence

ABSTRACT Being present with clients has been suggested to be a necessary condition for the therapeutic relationship [Geller & Greenberg, 2012. Therapeutic presence: A mindfull approach to effective therapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/13485-000] and therefore for therapeutic effectiveness. In this article we describe the results of a qualitative investigation of how counsellors in training (CITs) describe their experience of being present and the meaning they make of that experience. The findings suggest that starting students down the pathway to becoming a master counsellor involves more than training in basic counselling skills and theories. Our findings add a new dimension to existing counsellor development models and have implications for counsellor training and supervision.
Speculative Attack and Informational Structure: An Experimental Study

This paper addresses the question whether public information destabilises the economy in the context of signals of different nature. We present an experiment on the speculative attack game of Morris and Shin (1998). Our objective is double: (i) evaluating whether public information destabilises the economy in a context of signals of different nature; and (ii) enlarging the results of Heinemann, Nagel and Ockenfels (2002). Our evidence suggests that in sessions with both private and common signals, the fact that the public signal plays a focal role enhances the central bank's welfare: it reduces the probability of crisis and increases its predictability. In terms of economic policy, the central bank has more control on the beliefs of traders if it discloses one clear signal when agents also get private information from other sources.
Why do high school students lack motivation in the classroom? Toward an understanding of academic amotivation and the role of social support

The present series of studies sought to develop and conceptually validate a taxonomy of reasons that give rise to academic amotivation and to investigate its social antecedents and academic consequences. In Study 1 (N = 351), an exploratory factor analysis offered preliminary support for an academic amotivation taxonomy comprising four dimensions: ability beliefs, effort beliefs, characteristics of the task, and value placed on the task. In Study 2 (N = 349), the proposed taxonomy was further corroborated through 1st- and 2nd-order confirmatory factor analyses, and its discriminant validity and construct validity were documented. Study 3 (N = 741) offered evidence for a model of the relationships among social support (from parents, teachers, and friends), amotivation, and academic outcomes (e.g., achievement, academic self-esteem, intention to drop out). Results are considered in terms of an increased conceptual understanding of academic amotivation, and implications for curricula and interventions are discussed.
Compact representation and efficient generation of s-expandedsymbolic network functions for computer-aided analog circuit design

A graph-based approach is presented for the generation of exact symbolic network functions in the form of rational polynomials of the complex frequency variable s for analog integrated circuits. The approach employs determinant decision diagrams (DDDs) to represent the determinant of a circuit matrix and its cofactors. A notion of multiroot DDDs is introduced, where each root represents a symbolic expression for an individual coefficient of the powers of s in the numerator and denominator of a network function, and multiple roots share their common subgraphs. A DDD-based algorithm is presented for generating s-expanded network functions. We prove theoretically and validate experimentally that the algorithm constructs in O(kl|DDD|) time an s-expanded DDD with no more than kl|DDD| vertices, where k is the degree of the denominator s polynomial, l is the maximum number of devices that connect to a circuit node, and |DDD| is the number of DDD vertices representing the circuit-matrix determinant. For a practical circuit, |DDD| is often many orders-of-magnitude less than the number of product terms. In contrast, previous approaches require the time and space complexities proportional to the number of product terms, which grows exponentially with the size of a circuit. Experimental results have demonstrated that the new approach can produce exact s-expanded-symbolic network functions for /spl mu/A741 operational amplifiers in several CPU seconds on an UltraSparc-I workstation. The expressive power of multiroot s-expanded DDDs is so remarkable that in one instance, over 10/sup 35/ symbolic product terms have been represented by a multiroot DDD with less than 17 K vertices. The compactness of DDDs is further demonstrated in the context of symbolic noise evaluation, where potentially many transfer functions, each being used for a noise source in the circuit, can be represented by a single DDD with the size comparable to that for a few transfer functions. This provides a powerful tool for solving many symbolic analysis problems such as deriving interpretable symbolic expressions, dominant pole/zero estimation, and analog testability analysis. We have also demonstrated that repetitive numerical evaluation with the derived s-expanded symbolic expressions for frequency-domain simulation and small-signal noise analysis can be much faster than SPICE-like simulators and the resulting expressions for a circuit block can be used as behavioral models for high-level simulation.
An ECT2–centralspindlin complex regulates the localization and function of RhoA

In anaphase, the spindle dictates the site of contractile ring assembly. Assembly and ingression of the contractile ring involves activation of myosin-II and actin polymerization, which are triggered by the GTPase RhoA. In many cells, the central spindle affects division plane positioning via unknown molecular mechanisms. Here, we dissect furrow formation in human cells and show that the RhoGEF ECT2 is required for cortical localization of RhoA and contractile ring assembly. ECT2 concentrates on the central spindle by binding to centralspindlin. Depletion of the centralspindlin component MKLP1 prevents central spindle localization of ECT2; however, RhoA, F-actin, and myosin still accumulate on the equatorial cell cortex. Depletion of the other centralspindlin component, CYK-4/MgcRacGAP, prevents cortical accumulation of RhoA, F-actin, and myosin. CYK-4 and ECT2 interact, and this interaction is cell cycle regulated via ECT2 phosphorylation. Thus, central spindle localization of ECT2 assists division plane positioning and the CYK-4 subunit of centralspindlin acts upstream of RhoA to promote furrow assembly.
ASYMPTOTIC OPTIMALITY IN BAYESIAN CHANGEPOINT DETECTION PROBLEMS UNDER GLOBAL FALSE ALARM PROBABILITY CONSTRAINT

In the 1960s Shiryaev developed the Bayesian theory of changepoint detection in independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) sequences. In Shiryaev's classical setting the goal is to minimize an average delay to detection under the constraint imposed on the average probability of false alarm. Recently, Tartakovsky and Veeravalli (Theory Probab. Appl., 49 (2005), pp. 458-497) developed a general Bayesian asymptotic changepoint detection theory (in the classical setting) that is not limited to a restrictive i.i. d. assumption. It was proved that Shiryaev's detection procedure is asymptotically optimal under traditional average false alarm probability constraint, assuming that this probability is small. In the present paper, we consider a less conventional approach where the constraint is imposed on the global, supremum false alarm probability. An asymptotically optimal Bayesian change detection procedure is proposed and thoroughly evaluated for both i.i. d. and non- i.i. d. models when the global false alarm probability approaches zero.
R4 and Its Circumstellar Nebula: Evidence for a Binary Merger?

We present new, NTT long-slit spectroscopy of the B[e] supergiant in the binary system R4 in the Small Magellanic Cloud. The data show extended, forbidden N and S emissions, which are typical signatures of circumstellar matter. Their extension along the space axis of the slit defines an angular size of 8. ″6, which translates into a linear size of 2.4 pc. The N emission lines also show the velocity structure of a bipolar outflow expanding at 100 km s-1 on average. This implies that, for a measured radius of 1.2 pc, the outflow originated about 1.2 × 104 yr ago. The line flux ratio [N II] λ6584/[S II] λ6717 indicates that the nebula is nitrogen enriched and therefore has been ejected from the central star. This is the first bipolar, ejection nebula detected around a well-established B[e] supergiant. The bipolar morphology and the chemical enrichment shown by the nebula associated with R4 are consistent with the picture of a binary merger, in which R4 was originally a system composed by a close pair and a third star (the observed A companion). The close pair merged into a single star and the merging process produced a circumstellar nebula that was later shaped by the ensuing B star wind. Since the bipolar morphology, the kinematics and the enriched chemical composition make the nebula surrounding R4 very similar to the observed LBV nebulae, our findings imply that at least a few LBV outbursts and nebulae might well be the result of the merging process of two massive stars.
The Effect of Nano-Silver Liquid against the White Rot of the Green Onion Caused by Sclerotium cepivorum

Abstract White rot, which is caused by Sclerotium cepivorum, is a lethal disease affecting green onions. Three different types of nanosilver liquid (WA-CV-WA13B, WA-AT-WB13 R, and WA-PR-WB13 R) were tested in several different concentrations on three types of media to assess their antifungal activities. Results from in vitro experiments showed that all three of the nano-silver liquids had more than 90% inhibition rates at a concentration of 7 ppm. Greenhouse experiments revealed that all of the nano-silver liquids increased biomass and dry weights, and there were minimal changes in the population of various bacteria and fungi from the soil of greenhouse-cultivated green onions. In addition, a soil chemical analysis showed that there were minimal changes in soil composition.
Potential for Biological Control of Native North American Dendroctonus Beetles ( Coleoptera : Sco 1 ytidae )

Bark beetles of the genus Dendroctonus inflict serious damage in North American coniferous forests. Biological control, which has never been seriously attempted with bark beetles in the United States, should be reconsidered in light of results disclosed here. Impact of indigenous associates is discussed, as well as previous, unsuccessful attempts to introduce exotic enemies. Potential of insect enemies of allied pests is considered in light of Pimentel's theory of "new associations. " Extraregional and exotic bark beetle predators from different forest ecosystems are shown to be able to detect aggregating pheromones (kairomones) of beetles related to their normal prey. Some guidelines for necessary experiments before new introductions are discussed, and two examples are reported. One involves a North American clerid, Thanasimus undatulus Say, a predator of the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, which responded to pheromones in cross-attraction field tests. The other involves the palearctic beetle, Rhizophagus grandis Gyllenhal, a specific predator of D. micans Kugelann. In laboratory bioassays, R. grandis was attracted to frass of three North American Dendroctonus. Because predators like T. undatulus and R, grandis may be able to locate infestations of other Dendroctonus, they are potential biological control agents. This research shows that trapping with aggregating pheromones in the habitat of related pests and field and laboratory olfactometric experiments are both useful in screening for potential insect biological control agents.
Minimal flavour seesaw models

We explore realizations of minimal flavour violation (MFV) for the lepton sector. We find that it can be realized within those seesaw models where a separation of the lepton number and lepton flavour violating scales can be achieved, such as scalar mediated (type II) and inverse seesaw models. We present in particular a simple implementation of the MFV hypothesis which differs in nature from those previously discussed. It allows to reconstruct the flavour structure of the model from the values of the light neutrino masses and mixing parameters, even in the presence of CP-violating phases. Experimentally reachable predictions for rare processes such as ? e? are given.
XMM-Newton spectral and timing observations of the millisecond pulsar PSR J0218+4232

We present XMM-Newton MOS imaging and PN timing data of the millisecond pulsar PSR J0218+4232. We confirm the previously detected pulsations of PSR J0218+4232 and we show that the folded lightcurve is dependent on energy. We present the broad band (0.2−10.0 keV) spectrum of this millisecond pulsar, as well as the spectra of: the pulsed emission, the individual pulses, the interpulse and the non-pulsed region and we compare our results with previous data from Rosat, BeppoSAX and Chandra. We discuss the results of the spectral fitting in the context of recent pulsar models.
Investigating style evolution of Western classical music: A computational approach

In musicology, there has been a long debate about a meaningful partitioning and description of music history regarding composition styles. Particularly, concepts of historical periods have been criticized since they cannot account for the continuous and interwoven evolution of style. To systematically study this evolution, large corpora are necessary suggesting the use of computational strategies. This article presents such strategies and experiments relying on a dataset of 2000 audio recordings, which cover more than 300 years of music history. From the recordings, we extract different tonal features. We propose a method to visualize these features over the course of history using evolution curves. With the curves, we re-trace hypotheses concerning the evolution of chord transitions, intervals, and tonal complexity. Furthermore, we perform unsupervised clustering of recordings across composition years, individual pieces, and composers. In these studies, we found independent evidence of historical periods that broadly agrees with traditional views as well as recent data-driven experiments. This shows that computational experiments can provide novel insights into the evolution of styles.
The influence of CsgD on the expression of genes of folate metabolism and hmp in Escherichia coli K ‐ 12

reduction in dihydrofolate produced during synthesis of thymidylate (Fig. 1). In Escherichia coli, deletion of the dihydrofolate reductase gene folA is not lethal, although growth is greatly affected. Growth is improved by a second site mutation inactivating thyA. (Herrington and Chirwa 1999). It is likely that some dihydrofolate is reduced either by FolM or dihydropteridine reductase (Vasudevan 1992; Giladi et al. 2003). Growth of a ΔfolA thyA strain on a minimal medium containing thymidine, adenine, pantothenic acid, methionine, and histidine is extremely poor but can be improved by adding glycine to the medium or by transforming the strain with a plasmid expressing the csgD gene. Expression of multiple copies of csgD increases the expression of serine hydroxymethyltransferase thereby increasing the capacity of the cell to produce both glycine and methylene tetrahydrofolate (Fig. 1) (Herrington and Chirwa 1999; Chirwa and Herrington 2003). CsgD is a regulatory protein of the FixJ/LuxR family that controls the expression of genes required for synthesis of curli (Hammar et al. 1995). Curli, or thin aggregative fibers, are proteinaceous appendages that are produced under certain conditions in stationary phase and contribute to the formation of biofilms by some strains of E. coli and Salmonella enterica (Olsén et al. 1989; Collinson et al. 1991; Vidal et al. 1998). Curli synthesis occurs when two operons are expressed (Hammar et al. 1995; Collinson et al. 1996). The csgBAC operon codes the major protein of the curli fiber, CsgA, and the nucleator protein CsgB. The csgC gene is expressed in response to CsgD (Brombacher et al. 2006; Weber et al. 2006), but its function is not known. The csgDEFG operon codes for the regulatory protein, CsgD; the chaperone like proteins CsgE and CsgF; and the lipoprotein CsgG. These three proteins are involved in the secretion and proper Abstract The csgD gene codes for the regulatory protein CsgD. CsgD upregulates the synthesis of the adhesive fimbriae, curli, that are important for biofilm formation and downregulates flagellar synthesis. We compared the expression of genes involved in folate metabolism and a gene (hmp) in strains with an intact csgD gene and with a deletion in csgD. The hmp gene codes a flavohemoglobin that inactivates nitric oxide. Expression was monitored by measuring light production from single copy lux operon fusions. At late times of growth, expression of genes responsible for methylene tetrahydrofolate synthesis (glyA and gcvTHP) and formyltetrahydrofolate recycling (purU) was higher in cells with CsgD than those without. In contrast, expression of hmp was lower in the presence of CsgD throughout the period monitored. We used a novel defined medium which should assist in defining nutritional factors that contribute to curli formation.
The Real Effect of I / O Optimizations and Disk Improvements

Many optimization techniques have been invented to mask the slow mechanical nature of storage devices, most importantly disks. Data on the effectiveness of these techniques for real workloads, however, are either lacking or are not comparable. Disk technology has also improved steadily in multiple ways but it is difficult to relate the various physical improvements to the actual performance experienced by real workloads. In this paper, we use an assortment of real server and personal computer workloads to systematically analyze the various optimization techniques and technology improvements to determine their true performance impact. The techniques we study include read caching, sequential prefetching, opportunistic prefetching, write buffering, request scheduling, striping and short-stroking. We also break down the steady improvement in disk technology into four major basic effects – faster seeks, higher RPM, linear density improvement and increase in track density – and analyze each separately to determine its actual benefit. In addition, we examine the historical rates of improvement and use the trends to project the effect of disk technology scaling. As part of this study, we develop a methodology for replaying real workloads that more accurately models the timing of I/O arrivals and that allows the I/O rate to be more realistically scaled than previous practice. Our results show that sequential prefetching and write buffering are the two most effective techniques for improving performance, reducing the average read and write response time by about 50% and 90% respectively. For our workloads, improvement in the mechaniFunding for this research has been provided by the State of California under the MICRO program, and by AT&T Laboratories, Cisco Corporation, Fujitsu Microelectronics, IBM, Intel Corporation, Maxtor Corporation, Microsoft Corporation, Sun Microsystems, Toshiba Corporation and Veritas Software Corporation. cal components of the disk reduces the average response time by 8% per year. Most of this improvement results from increases in the rotational speed rather than reduction in the seek time. In addition, we discover that increases in the recording density of the disk can achieve an equally sizeable improvement in real performance, with most of the gain coming from linear density improvement, which increases the transfer rate, rather than track density scaling. For a given workload, disk technology evolution at the historical rates can be expected to increase performance by about 8% per year if the disk occupancy rate is kept constant. We also observe that the disk is spending most of its time positioning the head rather than transferring data. We believe that to effectively utilize the available disk bandwidth, blocks should be reorganized in such a way that accesses become more sequential.
Mechanisms of Light Energy Harvesting in Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers

Since their earliest synthesis, much interest has arisen in the use of dendritic and structurally allied forms of polymer for light energy harvesting, especially as organic adjuncts for solar energy devices. With the facility to accommodate a proliferation of antenna chromophores, such materials can capture and channel light energy with a high degree of efficiency, each polymer unit potentially delivering the energy of one photon—or more, when optical nonlinearity is involved. To ensure the highest efficiency of operation, it is essential to understand the processes responsible for photon capture and channelling of the resulting electronic excitation. Highlighting the latest theoretical advances, this paper reviews the principal mechanisms, which prove to involve a complex interplay of structural, spectroscopic and electrodynamic properties. Designing materials with the capacity to capture and control light energy facilitates applications that now extend from solar energy to medical photonics.
New to School and New to Print: Everyday Peer Interaction Among Adolescent High School Newcomers

ABSTRACT This article examines everyday classroom peer interaction among emergent multilingual high school students who are new to the United States, new to school, new to English, and new to alphabetic print literacy. Data were collected through observation and video recording within a daily 90-minute, English language and literacy block class over the course of one academic year in a public high school. All students were older adolescents (16–22 years of age) who had recently arrived from East Africa and had extremely limited or no previous formal schooling experiences. Our close analysis of classroom discourse within typical daily routines reveals how students provided feedback, recasts, and support during activities that are often considered to be noninteractive and teacher-led. Concomitantly, we demonstrate how students in some cases did not take up opportunities that were intended to generate peer interaction and to provide opportunities for negotiation of meaning and form. These findings point to the importance of critically examining peer interaction in everyday contexts and suggest the need to expand conceptions of productive activities and the characteristics of peer interaction among students who are new to basic print literacy skills and new to classroom language learning routines.
Does it Pay for Women to Volunteer?

This paper estimates the economic and non-economic returns to volunteering for prime-aged women. A woman's decision to engage in unpaid work, and to marry and have children, is formulated as a forward-looking discrete choice dynamic programming problem. Simulated maximum likelihood estimates of the model indicate that an extra year of volunteer experience increases wage offers in part-time work by 8.3% and wage offers in full-time work by 2.4%. The behavioral model also reveals an adverse selection mechanism which is consistent with the negative returns to volunteering found in reduced-form wage regressions. The negative selection is driven by differential unobserved market-productivity and heterogeneous marginal utilities of future consumption. The structural estimates also imply that the economic returns to volunteering are relatively more important than non-economic returns, and introduction of a tax-credit for volunteering-related childcare expenses would substantially increase volunteer labor supply and female lifetime earnings.