Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Nature of the Strong Emission-Line Galaxies in Cluster Cl 0024+1654: Are Some the Progenitors of Low-mass Spheroidals?

We present new size, line ratio, and velocity width measurements for six strong emission-line galaxies in the galaxy cluster, Cl 0024+1654, at redshift z ~ 0.4. The velocity widths from Keck spectra are all narrow (30 ≲ σ ≲ 120 km s-1), with three profiles showing double peaks. Four galaxies have low masses (M ≲ 1010 M☉). Whereas three galaxies were previously reported to be possible active galactic nuclei (AGNs), none exhibit AGN-like emission-line ratios or velocity widths. Two or three appear as very blue spirals with the remainder more akin to luminous H II galaxies undergoing a strong burst of star formation. We propose that after the burst subsides, these galaxies will transform into quiescent dwarfs, and that they are thus progenitors of some cluster spheroidals seen today.
Memories of 1989 in Europe between Hope, Dismay, and Neglect

This article is part of the special section titled The Genealogies of Memory, guest edited by Ferenc Laczó and Joanna Wawrzyniak This introduction to the special section on memories of 1989 calls for a closer analysis of various ways in which narratives of the democratic breakthrough in East Central Europe develop at the transnational, national, and vernacular levels. The four case studies in this section show that the liberal view of 1989 has been neither institutionalized nor internalized as its most common understanding. Instead, we observe a divergence of interpretations, the replacement of 1989 with other symbolic dates, its non-existence in the “working memory” of Western Europeans, as well as disappointments, frustrations, or nostalgia for socialism in East Central Europe.
Is Piketty’s “Second Law of Capitalism” Fundamental?

In Capital in the Twenty-First Century , Thomas Piketty uses what he calls “the second fundamental law of capitalism” to predict that capital-to-income ratios are poised to increase dramatically as economies’ growth rates fall during the twenty-first century. This law states that in the long run the capital-to-income ratio equals s=g, where s is the economy’s saving rate and g its growth rate. We argue that this law rests on a theory of saving that is hard to justify. First, it holds the net saving rate constant as growth falls, driving the gross savings rate to one as growth goes to zero. Second, it is inconsistent with both the textbook growth model and the theory of optimal saving: in both of these theories the net saving rate goes to zero as growth goes to zero. Third, both of these theories provide a reasonable fit to observed data on gross and net saving rates and growth rates in cross-country panel data, whereas Piketty’s does not. Finally, contrary to Piketty’s second law, both of these theories predict that capital-to-income ratios increase only modestly as growth falls.
Using idiothetic cues to swim a path with a fixed trajectory and distance: necessary involvement of the hippocampus, but not the retrosplenial cortex.

Rats rapidly learned to find a submerged platform in a water maze at a constant distance and angle from the start point, which changed on every trial. The rats performed accurately in the light and dark, but prior rotation disrupted the latter condition. The rats were then retested after receiving cytotoxic hippocampal or retrosplenial cortex lesions. Retrosplenial lesions had no apparent effect in either the light or dark. Hippocampal lesions impaired performance in both conditions but spared the ability to locate a platform placed in the center of the pool. A hippocampal deficit emerged when this pool-center task was run in the dark. The spatial effects of hippocampal damage extend beyond allocentric tasks to include aspects of idiothetic guidance.
The Effect of Evolving Damage on the Finite Strain Response of Inelastic and Viscoelastic Composites

A finite strain micromechanical model is generalized in order to incorporate the effect of evolving damage in the metallic and polymeric phases of unidirectional composites. As a result, it is possible to predict the response of composites with ductile and brittle phases undergoing large coupled inelastic-damage and viscoelastic-damage deformations, respectively. For inelastic composites, both finite strain elastoplastic (time-independent) and viscoplastic (time-dependent) behaviors are considered. The ductile phase exhibits initially a hyperelastic behavior which is followed by an inelastic one, and its analysis is based on the multiplicative split of its deformation gradient into elastic and inelastic parts. The embedded damage mechanisms and their evolutions are based on Gurson’s (which is suitable for the modeling of porous materials) and Lemaitre’s finite strain models. Similarly, the polymeric phase exhibits large viscoelastic deformations in which the damage evolves according to a suitable evolution law that depends on the amount of accumulated deformation. Evolving damage in hyperelastic materials can be analyzed as a special case by neglecting the viscous effects. The micromechanical analysis is based on the homogenization technique for periodic multiphase materials, which establishes the strong form of the Lagrangian equilibrium equations. These equations are implemented together with the interfacial and periodic boundary conditions, in conjunction with the current tangent tensor of the phase. As a result, the instantaneous strain concentration tensor that relates the local deformation gradient of the phase to the externally applied deformation gradient is established. This provides also the instantaneous effective stiffness tangent tensor of the composite as well as its current response. Results are given that exhibit the effect of damage on the initial yield surfaces, response and possible failure of the composite.
What and how children search on the web

The Internet has become an important part of the daily life of children as a source of information and leisure activities. Nonetheless, given that most of the content available on the web is aimed at the general public, children are constantly exposed to inappropriate content, either because the language goes beyond their reading skills, their attention span differs from grown-ups or simple because the content is not targeted at children as is the case of ads and adult content. In this work we employed a large query log sample from a commercial web search engine to identify the struggles and search behavior of children of the age of 6 to young adults of the age of 18. Concretely we hypothesized that the large and complex volume of information to which children are exposed leads to ill-defined searches and to disorientation during the search process. For this purpose, we quantified their search difficulties based on query metrics (e.g. fraction of queries posed in natural language), session metrics (e.g. fraction of abandoned sessions) and click activity (e.g. fraction of ad clicks). We also used the search logs to retrace stages of child development. Concretely we looked for changes in the user interests (e.g. distribution of topics searched), language development (e.g. readability of the content accessed) and cognitive development (e.g. sentiment expressed in the queries) among children and adults. We observed that these metrics clearly demonstrate an increased level of confusion and unsuccessful search sessions among children. We also found a clear relation between the reading level of the clicked pages and the demographics characteristics of the users such as age and average educational attainment of the zone in which the user is located.
Impact of periconceptional and preimplantation undernutrition on factors regulating myogenesis and protein synthesis in muscle of singleton and twin fetal sheep

In this study, we determined the effect of maternal undernutrition in the periconceptional (PCUN: ~80 days before to 6 days after conception) and preimplantation (PIUN: 0–6 days after conception) periods on the mRNA and protein abundance of key factors regulating myogenesis and protein synthesis, and on the relationship between the abundance of these factors and specific microRNA expression in the quadriceps muscle of singleton and twin fetal sheep at 135–138 days of gestation. PCUN and PIUN resulted in a decrease in the protein abundance of MYF5, a factor which determines the myogenic lineage, in singletons and twins. Interestingly, there was a concomitant increase in insulin‐like growth factor‐1 mRNA expression, a decrease in the protein abundance of the myogenic inhibitor, myostatin (MSTN), and an increase in the mRNA and protein abundance of the MSTN inhibitor, follistatin (FST), in the PCUN and PIUN groups in both singletons and twins. These promyogenic changes may compensate for the decrease in MYF5 protein abundance evoked by early embryonic undernutrition. PCUN and PIUN also increased the protein abundance of phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor binding protein 1 (EIF4EBP1; T70 and S65) in fetal muscle in singletons and twins. There was a significant inverse relationship between the expression of miR‐30a‐5p, miR‐30d‐5p, miR‐27b‐3p, miR106b‐5p, and miR‐376b and the protein abundance of mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR), FST, or MYF5 in singletons or twins. In particular, the expression of miR‐30a‐5p was increased and MYF5 protein abundance was decreased, in PCUN and PIUN twins supporting the conclusion that the impact of PCUN and PIUN is predominantly on the embryo.
Aggregate personality and organizational competitive advantage

Based on attraction–selection–attrition theory, human capital resources theory, person-organization fit theory and organizational climate/culture strength theory we hypothesize that (1) Big 5 aggregate conscientiousness, emotional stability and agreeableness will be significantly related to organizational financial performance (only conscientiousness is significant), (2) that interaction effects of Big 5 means and SDs will be reflected in organizational financial performance (not supported), and (3) that Big 5 strength (variance) alone is a significant correlate of organizational financial performance (supported for all but extraversion). In addition, an aggregate of strength across the Big 5 facets is also a significant correlate of organizational financial performance. Limitations and implications of these findings for future research on aggregate personality and practice are discussed. Practitioner points Selection on the basis of conscientiousness will yield not only effective individual performance but may also be reflected in organizational financial performance as well. Firms should be attentive to the variance in the attributes of those hired because smaller aggregate variance on all but extraversion Big 5 attributes is significantly reflected in organizational financial performance.
Patterns of Gene Expression in Different Histotypes of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Correlate with Those in Normal Fallopian Tube, Endometrium, and Colon

Purpose: Epithelial ovarian cancers are thought to arise from flattened epithelial cells that cover the ovarian surface or that line inclusion cysts. During malignant transformation, different histotypes arise that resemble epithelial cells from normal fallopian tube, endometrium, and intestine. This study compares gene expression in serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous ovarian cancers with that in the normal tissues that they resemble. Experimental Design: Expression of 63,000 probe sets was measured in 50 ovarian cancers, in 5 pools of normal ovarian epithelial brushings, and in mucosal scrapings from 4 normal fallopian tube, 5 endometrium, and 4 colon specimens. Using rank-sum analysis, genes whose expressions best differentiated the ovarian cancer histotypes and normal ovarian epithelium were used to determine whether a correlation based on gene expression existed between ovarian cancer histotypes and the normal tissues they resemble. Results: When compared with normal ovarian epithelial brushings, alterations in serous tumors correlated with those in normal fallopian tube (P = 0.0042) but not in other normal tissues. Similarly, mucinous cancers correlated with those in normal colonic mucosa (P = 0.0003), and both endometrioid and clear cell histotypes correlated with changes in normal endometrium (P = 0.0172 and 0.0002, respectively). Mucinous cancers displayed the greatest number of alterations in gene expression when compared with normal ovarian epithelial cells. Conclusion: Studies at a molecular level show distinct expression profiles of different histologies of ovarian cancer and support the long-held belief that histotypes of ovarian cancers come to resemble normal fallopian tube, endometrial, and colonic epithelium. Several potential molecular markers for mucinous ovarian cancers have been identified.
Search, self-insurance and job-security provisions

We construct a general equilibrium model to evaluate the quantitative effects of severance payments in the presence of contracting and reallocational frictions. Key elements of the model are: 1) establishment level dynamics, 2) imperfect insurance markets, and 3) variable search decisions. Contrary to previous studies that analyzed severance payments in frictionless environments, we find that severance payments reduce unemployment, produce negative insurance effects and improve levels.
On the ergodicity properties of some adaptive MCMC algorithms

In this paper we study the ergodicity properties of some adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms (MCMC) that have been recently proposed in the literature. We prove that under a set of verifiable conditions, ergodic averages calculated from the output of a so-called adaptive MCMC sampler converge to the required value and can even, under more stringent assumptions, satisfy a central limit theorem. We prove that the conditions required are satisfied for the independent Metropolis–Hastings algorithm and the random walk Metropolis algorithm with symmetric increments. Finally, we propose an application of these results to the case where the proposal distribution of the Metropolis–Hastings update is a mixture of distributions from a curved exponential family.
Exercise training with ischaemia: is warming up the key?

Exercise testing remains a key tool in the management of patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) both in a diagnostic and rehabilitation setting. A familiar scenario involves performing an exercise test to identify inducible ischaemia either to determine whether IHD is a likely diagnosis or as a prelude to a structured exercise programme in individuals with a recent acute coronary syndrome or with chronic symptoms in whom IHD has already been diagnosed. Consequently, the prospect of prescribing exercise to patients is a problem faced regularly by clinicians. However, there is still an appropriate level of concern in recommending an activity which increases myocardial work and may provoke an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. This is despite the risk of exercise testing being remarkably low, particularly in those that have continuous ECG monitoring.1 One of the methods by which adverse events may be reduced is by identifying those individuals at greatest risk and therefore pre-training risk assessment constitutes a substantial part of current guidelines.2 Long-standing experimental evidence supports the advantages of exercise training from the perspective of both cardiac metabolic benefits and psychological well being.3,4 However, disquiet often persists with regard to the safety of such an undertaking in a clinical setting. This disquiet has been nurtured in part by previous data,5 suggesting that ventricular arrhythmias may be provoked by exercise in these patients and partly by the lack of a clear assessment of safety in previous studies assessing the impact of training individuals with known … *Corresponding author. Tel: +44 207 188 1008; fax: +44 207 188 0970. E-mail address : mike.marber{at}kcl.ac. uk
‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell’: Silence in Northern Ireland Christian Churches Regarding Issues of Sexuality

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered and queer (LGBTQ) Christians face a culture of ‘Don’t ask, Don’t tell,’ in regards to their sexuality from the three largest Christian denominations in Northern Ireland. This article explores the experiences of LGBTQ Christians in Northern Ireland; their views on this culture and the impact silence from many within their churches have, on both their faith and their wider lives. There are many within the Christian churches in Northern Ireland who are quietly supportive of queer members, however, there is a paucity of open and honest dialogue. I propose a renewed approach to hospitality within churches, with an understanding of all Christians as equally ‘Beloved of God. ’ Leading to a situation where queer and non-queer alike, would have the space to understand and discus the problematic situation that currently exists and remove the barriers that prevent equality for LGBTQ members within faith communities.
Cytoplasmic p21Cip1 Is Involved in Ras-induced Inhibition of the ROCK/LIMK/Cofilin Pathway*

Accumulating evidence suggests that p21Cip1 located in the cytoplasm might play a role in promoting transformation and tumor progression. Here we show that oncogenic H-RasV12 contributes to the loss of actin stress fibers by inducing cytoplasmic localization of p21Cip1, which uncouples Rho-GTP from stress fiber formation by inhibiting Rho kinase (ROCK). Concomitant with the loss of stress fibers in Ras-transformed cells, there is a decrease in the phosphorylation level of cofilin, which is indicative of a compromised ROCK/LIMK/cofilin pathway. Inhibition of MEK in Ras-transformed NIH3T3 results in restoration of actin stress fibers accompanied by a loss of cytoplasmic p21Cip1, and increased phosphorylation of cofilin. Ectopic expression of cytoplasmic but not nuclear p21Cip1 in Ras-transformed cells was effective in preventing stress fibers from being restored upon MEK inhibition and inhibited phosphorylation of cofilin. p21Cip1 was also found to form a complex with ROCK in Ras-transformed cells in vivo. Furthermore, inhibition of the PI 3-kinase pathway resulted in loss of p21Cip1 expression accompanied by restoration of phosphocofilin, which was not accompanied by stress fiber formation. These results suggest that restoration of cofilin phosphorylation in Ras-transformed cells is necessary but not sufficient for stress fiber formation. Our findings define a novel mechanism for coupling cytoplasmic p21Cip1 to the control of actin polymerization by compromising the Rho/ROCK/LIMK/cofilin pathway by oncogenic Ras. These studies suggest that localization of p21Cip1 to the cytoplasm in transformed cells contributes to pathways that favor not only cell proliferation, but also cell motility thereby contributing to invasion and metastasis.
Public Enterprises and Labor Market Performance

This article shows that state control of some industries may have contributed to the increase in European unemployment from the 1970s to the early 1990s. We develop a simple two-sector model, one privately run and one publicly run, that has risk-averse workers directing their search into one of the sectors. Assuming that the privately run sector is less able to insure its employees against uncertainty, we show that aggregate unemployment in this economy increases in response to an increase in economic turbulence.
Understanding the Millennials’ Integrated Ethical Decision-Making Process: Assessing the Relationship Between Personal Values and Cognitive Moral Reasoning

Focusing on millennials, individuals born between 1980 and 2000 and representing the largest generational population in our history, this research seeks to understand their ethical decision-making processes by exploring the distinctive, yet interconnected, theories of personal values and cognitive moral reasoning. Utilizing a decision-making framework introduced in the 1990s, we discover that there is a statistically supported relationship between a millennial’s personal value orientation and stage of cognitive moral reasoning. Moreover, we discover a strong relationship between three of the four value orientations and a corresponding stage of cognitive moral reasoning. The theoretical and practical research implications of our discovery about millennials’ decision making are discussed.
Testing the Psychological Wellbeing and Distress Screener with Turkish adolescents

ABSTRACT This report presents initial psychometrics from testing a cultural adaptation of the Psychological Wellbeing and Distress Screener (PWDS) with a sample of urban adolescents in Turkey (N = 399). Results from confirmatory factor analyses indicated that responses to the Turkish version of the measure (PWDS–T) were characterized by a two-factor measurement model, and findings from latent variable path analyses indicated this same measurement model was predictive of youths’ responses to measures of domain-specific social support (i.e., peer, family, and school) and domain-general emotional functioning (i.e., positive and negative affect). Taken together, findings provide preliminary evidence suggesting the PWDS–T is a technically adequate measure of Turkish adolescents’ psychological wellbeing and distress, and therefore may be useful for school mental health screening purposes. Further research is needed to replicate and generalize these findings as well as to establish the classification utility of PWDS scores in school mental health practice.
Hitting time results for Maker‐Breaker games

We study Maker‐Breaker games played on the edge set of a random graph. Specifically, we analyze the moment a typical random graph process first becomes a Maker's win in a game in which Maker's goal is to build a graph which admits some monotone increasing property \documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath,amssymb} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}\mathcal{P}\end{align*} \end{document}. We focus on three natural target properties for Maker's graph, namely being k ‐vertex‐connected, admitting a perfect matching, and being Hamiltonian. We prove the following optimal hitting time results: with high probability Maker wins the k ‐vertex connectivity game exactly at the time the random graph process first reaches minimum degree 2k; with high probability Maker wins the perfect matching game exactly at the time the random graph process first reaches minimum degree 2; with high probability Maker wins the Hamiltonicity game exactly at the time the random graph process first reaches minimum degree 4. The latter two statements settle conjectures of Stojaković and Szabó. We also prove generalizations of the latter two results; these generalizations partially strengthen some known results in the theory of random graphs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 2011
Modeling freeway network by using dynamic graph hybrid automata and estimating its states by designing state observer

This paper considers a new modeling method and traffic state estimation for a freeway network. Firstly, we propose a new modeling method, which is called Dynamic Graph Hybrid Automata (DGHA), to describe the evolution law of the freeway network. In the model, the traffic dynamics are described by the Modified Cell Transmission Model (MCTM), where the cells are expressed by hybrid automata, and multi-mode switching expressions are introduced into the connections among these cells. The proposed DGHA model is modularized and easily-extensible. Combination between cells is implemented automatically by an algorithm. By using the modeling method and the algorithm of combination between cells, one can establish the freeway network models with any topology structure. Secondly, a switched state observer is designed to estimate the traffic states of the freeway network. Finally, the proposed method is applied to Beijing third ring freeway, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed modeling method and the accuracy of the state estimation.