Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insights on the genus Acronymolpus Samuelson with new synonymies and exclusion of Stethotes Baly from the fauna of New Caledonia (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Eumolpinae)

Abstract In this work, several taxonomic problems affecting the recently erected genus Acronymolpus Samuelson, 2015, endemic to New Caledonia, are addressed. Two of the three New Caledonian species described in Stethotes Baly are transferred to Acronymolpus and their priority is recognized over the names proposed in the revision of this genus. Moreover, different forms of Acronymolpus always found in sympatry, one reddish and larger, and the other black and smaller, were each given species status in that revision, but they are recognized here as the females and males, respectively, of the same species. The taxonomic summary of these discoveries is: (i) A. bertiae (Jolivet, Verma & Mille, 2007), comb. n. = A. meteorus Samuelson, 2015, syn. n. , and A. turbo Samuelson, 2015, syn. n. ; and (ii) A. jourdani (Jolivet, Verma & Mille, 2013), comb. n. = A. gressitti Samuelson, 2015, syn. n. , and A. joliveti Samuelson, 2015, syn. n. New distribution data and the male genitalia and the spermatheca of the two valid species of Acronymolpus are described for the first time with reference to taxonomically important characters. Finally, the last New Caledonian species described in Stethotes is recognized here as a member of the endemic genus Taophila Heller: T. mandjeliae (Jolivet, Verma & Mille, 2010), comb. n.
The impact of posttraumatic stress disorder on cannabis quit success

Abstract Background: Though a growing number of US Veterans are being diagnosed with cannabis use disorders, with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) observed as the most frequently co-occurring psychiatric disorder among this population, no research has investigated the impact of PTSD diagnosis on cannabis quit success. Objectives: The present study sought to determine the impact of PTSD on cannabis use following a self-guided quit attempt. Methods: Participants included 104, primarily male, cannabis-dependent US Veterans (Mage = 50.90 years, SDage = 9.90). The study design was prospective and included an assessment immediately prior to the quit attempt, and assessments weekly for the first 4 weeks post-quit, and then monthly through 6 months post-quit. Results: Results indicated that PTSD diagnosis was not associated with time to first lapse or relapse. However, individuals with PTSD used more cannabis at baseline and evidenced a slower initial decline in cannabis use immediately following the quit attempt. All findings were significant after accounting for alcohol and tobacco use across the cessation period, as well as co-occurring mood and anxiety disorder diagnoses. Conclusion: Findings highlight the potential utility of interventions for individuals with cannabis use disorder and co-occurring PTSD, particularly early in a cessation attempt.
Unsteady gaze fixation enhances the severity of MS intention tremor

Background: Patients with arm intention tremor due to multiple sclerosis (MS) often manifest eye movement deficits, illustrating the role of infratentorial brain in both ocular and manual movement control. Our previous study showed that both the amplitude of intention tremor and eye fixational movements were greatly enhanced after coordinated eye-hand action toward stationary targets vs during hand movements with continuous target fixation. Objective: The present study tested, during coordinated step-tracking movements, the hypothesis that the amplitude of hand intention tremor was influenced by (unsteady) gaze fixation onto the target. Methods: Simultaneously recorded eye and hand tracking movements were compared between 13 MS patients with intention tremor and 14 healthy controls over conditions in which the magnitude of the primary eye and hand tracking movements, as well as their ratio, were altered. Results: Patients always made larger fixational eye movements around the visual targets than the controls. In the patient group, the size of fixational eye movements decreased following a reduction in the magnitude of the preceding saccadic movement, and most interestingly, was accompanied with a decrease in tremor amplitude. An alteration in the magnitude of the primary hand movement did not affect the tremor severity. Conclusions: In patients with multiple sclerosis with intention tremor, the unsteady gaze fixation on the visual targets is proportional to the magnitude of the preceding saccades, and influences the severity of intention tremor during eye-hand coordinated visuomotor tasks.
Perceived advantages: the influence of urban and suburban neighbourhood context on the socialization and adaptation of Mexican immigrant young men

ABSTRACT Neighbourhoods are important contexts for the socialization and adaptation of immigrant youth. They provide resources and opportunities for positive interactions with peers and non-family adults. But neighbourhoods differ systemically in their demographic composition and the type and quality of resources they offer young people. In the US, there is an implicit assumption equating suburban neighbourhoods with better schools, more jobs and higher quality housing compared to urban neighbourhoods. There is however, little explicit empirical evidence of how such differences may shape the experience of immigrant youth. This gap is concerning in light of recent trends of immigrants to move directly to the suburbs. The first part of the paper reviews the literatures on immigrant adaptation and neighbourhood effects. Drawing on two qualitative studies, the second part of the paper illustrates mechanisms through which suburban and urban neighbourhoods may influence the socialization and adaptation of immigrant youth growing up in them.
Emotional Agency: The Case of the Doctor-Patient Relationship

This paper identifies an array of complications in doctor-patient communication that arise when the patient suffers from anxiety. I assume that the patient derives utility from health outcomes as well as the anticipation of the exact same outcomes, and that the doctor wishes to maximize the patient’s utility. The doctor privately (and probabilistically) observes a diagnosis, which affects the optimal treatment. She then sends a message to the patient, who chooses a treatment. While formulated in terms of medical care, this formal model of “emotional agency” also applies to many other situations. If the doctor cannot certifiably convey her diagnosis, communication is endogenously limited to a treatment recommendation, which the doctor distorts toward the treatment that is optimal when the patient is relatively healthy. Paradoxically, more emotional patients get less useful recommendations, even though basing their treatment choice on better recommendations would make them less anxious. If the doctor can certifiably convey her diagnosis, she does so for good news, but unless she needs to “shock” the patient into behaving correctly, she pretends not to know what is going on when the news is bad. If the patient visits two doctors in a row, the second doctor reveals more information than the first one. Results from an original survey of practicing physicians confirm that doctors care about patients’ emotions, and alter their recommendations and other communication in response to them. ∗Conversations with George Akerlof, Robert Anderson, Steve Goldman, Jonathan Gruber, Theodore Keeler, Wei Li, Ted Miguel, Markus Möbius, Ben Polak, Matthew Rabin, Antonio Rangel, Luca Rigotti, Tanya Rosenblat, Emmanuel Saez, and Chris Shannon contributed greatly to this paper.
HISTOPATHOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF PLATICHTHYS FLESUS NATURALLY INFECTED WITH ANISAKIS SIMPLEX S.L. LARVAE (NEMATODA: ANISAKIDAE)

The histopathology, ultrastructure, and immunohistochemistry of the alimentary canal of flounder Platichthys flesus (L.), naturally infected with the nematode Anisakis simplex s.l. (Rudolphi 1809) from the River Forth (Scotland), were investigated and described. Eight of the 16 flounders were infected with A. simplex s.l. larvae (L3); parasites were encapsulated by serosa on the external surface of the host's digestive tract (intensity of infection 1–8 parasites per host), although nematode larvae were found encysted under the peritoneal visceral serosa of the host spleen and liver and, occasionally, in the liver parenchyma (intensity of infection 3–10 parasites per host). In all sites, different structural elements were recognized within the capsule surrounding larvae. Among the epithelial cells of the intestine of 5 flounders with larvae encysted on external surface of the gut, the presence of several rodlet cells (RCs) was observed. Furthermore, often the occurrence of macrophage aggregates (MAs) was noticed in infected liver and spleen, mainly around the parasite larvae. Eight neuropeptide antisera were tested with immunohistochemistry methods on gut sections of 4 P. flesus infected with extraintestinal nematodes. Sections from the gut of 5 uninfected flounder were used for comparative purposes. In the tunica mucosa of parasitized P. flesus, several endocrine epithelial cells were immunoreactive to anti-CCK-39 (cholecystokinin 39) and -NPY (neuropeptide Y) sera; furthermore, in the myenteric plexus, a high number of neurons were immunoreactive to antibombesin, -galanin, and several to -NPY and -PHI (peptide histidine isoleucine) sera.
Case Study in Contemporary Educational Research: Conceptualization and Critique ETUDES DE CAS DANS LA RECHERCHE PEDAGOGIQUE CONTEMPORAINE :

As one of important research methods, case study research has been used for many years across a variety of disciplines. This paper tries to review the principles and processes of case study. First, I would like to define case study according to its principles. Second, attentions will be put to the features and classification of the research of case study. Third, I intend to explain the process of case studies and case study methods. Fourth, I would review the strengths and weaknesses of case study
Mapping the gas kinematics and ionization structure of four ultraluminous IRAS galaxies

We present a study of the morphology, kinematics and ionization structure of the extended emission-line regions in four intermediate-redshift (0.1181000 km s−1 within 1 arcsec of the nucleus, suggesting that any merger is well-advanced. Emission-line intensity ratios point to active galactic nucleus (AGN) photoionization for the excitation of this gas at the systemic velocity. An isolated blob ∼8 kpc from the nucleus with a much smaller velocity dispersion may lie in a structure similar to the photoionization cones seen in lower-luminosity objects. A second, spatially unresolved, narrow-line component is also present on nucleus, blueshifted by ≃990 km s−1 from the systemic and plausibly powered by photoionizing shocks. IRAS F23060+0505 has more ordered kinematics, with a region of increased FWHM coincident with the blue half of a dipolar velocity field. The systemic velocity rotation curve is asymmetric in appearance, as a result either of the on-going merger or of nuclear dust obscuration. From a higher-resolution ISIS spectrum, we attribute the blue asymmetry in the narrow-line profiles to a spatially resolved nuclear outflow. Emission-line intensity ratios suggest shock+precursor ionization for the systemic component, consistent with the X-ray view of a heavily obscured AGN. The lower-luminosity objects IRAS F01217+0122 and F01003−2238 complete the sample. The former has a featureless velocity field with a high FWHM, a high-ionization AGN spectrum and a ∼1 Gyr old starburst continuum. IRAS F01003−2238 has a dipolar velocity field and an H ii region emission-line spectrum with a strong blue continuum. After correction for intrinsic extinction, the latter can be reproduced with ∼107 O5 stars, sufficient to power the bolometric luminosity of the entire galaxy. We accommodate this diversity within the merger-induced evolutionary scenario for ultraluminous infrared galaxies: the merger status is assessed from the kinematics in a way which is consistent with morphological and colour information on the galaxies, or with the inferred ages of the young stellar populations and the dominance of the AGN.
Recent weight gain in patients with newly diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea.

OBJECTIVE Patients with obstructive sleep apnea are often obese. Obesity may contribute to both sleep apnea itself and to the cardiovascular risk associated with sleep apnea. Weight loss in obese patients with sleep apnea may alleviate symptoms and decrease the severity of sleep apnea. Whether patients with obstructive sleep apnea are indeed predisposed to recent weight gain, as compared with similarly obese subjects without sleep apnea, is not known. PATIENTS AND METHODS We compared 1-year weight histories in 53 male and female patients newly diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea, compared with 24 controls matched for gender, age, body mass index, and percent body fat. Sleep apnea patients had never been treated. Control subjects were proven to be free of sleep-disordered breathing by overnight polysomnography. RESULTS Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (n = 53) had a significant recent weight gain of 7.4 +/- 1.5 kg compared with a weight loss of 0.5 +/- 1.7 kg (P = 0.001) in similarly obese controls (n = 24). Male patients with obstructive sleep apnea (n = 28) had a history of significant weight gain (6.8 +/- 2.3 kg) over the year preceding the study compared with male control subjects (n = 13), in whom average weight fell by 0.58 +/- 2.4 kg (P = 0.03). Female patients (n = 25) with obstructive sleep apnea had an 8.0 +/- 1.9 kg weight gain compared with female controls (n = 11) who had a history of weight loss of 0.46 +/- 2.6 kg (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION These findings support the concept that patients with obstructive sleep apnea may be susceptible to increasing obesity in the period preceding the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea.
Seroepidemiology of Trichomonas vaginalis in rural women in Zimbabwe and patterns of association with HIV infection

Serological assays using dried blood spots from 5221 women in rural areas of eastern Zimbabwe were used to assess the epidemiology of Trichomonas vaginalis infection, and its association with HIV. Antibodies to T. vaginalis and to HIV were detected by enzyme immunoassays. Behavioural and demographic data were collected by confidential questionnaires. In total, 516 (9·9%) women were seropositive for T. vaginalis and seroprevalence increased with age among younger women. Divorced, widowed and single women were more likely to be seropositive. After controlling for age, seropositivity was significantly associated with being sexually active, having multiple sex partners, having a partner who had multiple sex partners, and having a new sex partner in the past year. Seropositivity was associated with a recent history of genital discharge. Overall, 208 (40·3%) T. vaginalis-positive samples were also positive for HIV, compared with 1106 (23·5%) T. vaginalis-negative samples (age and sex adjusted OR 2·11, 95% CI 1·74–2·55, P<0·001). There was increased risk for being HIV-positive amongst T. vaginalis-seropositive women regardless of residence, employment or education. In a logistic regression controlling for common risk factors, the association remained significant. T. vaginalis-seropositive young women with a history of genital discharge were much more likely to be HIV-positive than women who were T. vaginalis-seronegative and had no history of discharge (OR 6·08, 95% CI 2·95–12·53). Although a causal relationship cannot be assumed, detection and treatment of trichomoniasis may be important in strategies to reduce HIV transmission through sexually transmitted infection control.
Upstream-downstream gradient in infection levels by fish parasites: a common river pattern?

SUMMARY Physical habitat structure can influence the distribution and abundance of organisms. In rivers, stream drift, a common process originating from the unidirectional water flow, favours the displacement and downstream dispersion of invertebrates. This process could also generate a gradient in infection levels, leading to decreasing numbers of parasites per host as one moves upstream from the river mouth. We tested this hypothesis using 4 trematode species infecting the fish Gobiomorphus breviceps in the Manuherikia River (New Zealand). We analysed the abundance of each trematode infrapopulation as a function of distance from the river junction and fish size by generalized linear models. Our results supported the existence of a longitudinal gradient in trematode abundance along the river with a decreasing downstream-to-upstream continuum. This applied to 3 out of the 4 trematode species studied, suggesting that this might be a common pattern in river populations. Thus, the unidirectional river flow and a major process like drift in lotic systems, that influences the dynamics and distribution of invertebrate hosts, can also affect trematodes. Host properties like habitat preference, and parasite traits, particularly those related to transmission mode can influence the strength of the observed gradient, as may other environmental and biotic factors.
Neural Dynamics Underlying Attentional Orienting to Auditory Representations in Short-Term Memory

Sounds are ephemeral. Thus, coherent auditory perception depends on “hearing” back in time: retrospectively attending that which was lost externally but preserved in short-term memory (STM). Current theories of auditory attention assume that sound features are integrated into a perceptual object, that multiple objects can coexist in STM, and that attention can be deployed to an object in STM. Recording electroencephalography from humans, we tested these assumptions, elucidating feature-general and feature-specific neural correlates of auditory attention to STM. Alpha/beta oscillations and frontal and posterior event-related potentials indexed feature-general top-down attentional control to one of several coexisting auditory representations in STM. Particularly, task performance during attentional orienting was correlated with alpha/low-beta desynchronization (i.e., power suppression). However, attention to one feature could occur without simultaneous processing of the second feature of the representation. Therefore, auditory attention to memory relies on both feature-specific and feature-general neural dynamics.
Information Measures, Experiments, Multi-category Hypothesis Tests, and Surrogate Losses

We provide a unifying view of statistical information measures, multi-class classification problems, multi-way Bayesian hypothesis testing, and loss functions, elaborating equivalence results between all of these objects. In particular, we consider a particular generalization of $f$-divergences to multiple distributions, and we show that there is a constructive equivalence between $f$-divergences, statistical information (in the sense of uncertainty as elaborated by DeGroot), and loss functions for multi-category classification. We also study an extension of our results to multi-class classification problems in which we must both infer a discriminant function $\gamma$ and a data representation (or, in the setting of a hypothesis testing problem, an experimental design), represented by a quantizer $\mathsf{q}$ from a family of possible quantizers $\mathsf{Q}$. There, we give a complete characterization of the equivalence between loss functions, meaning that optimizing either of two losses yields the same optimal discriminant and quantizer $\mathsf{q}$. A main consequence of our results is to describe those convex loss functions that are Fisher consistent for jointly choosing a data representation and minimizing the (weighted) probability of error in multi-category classification and hypothesis testing problems.
Assessing Old Order Amish Outpatients With the MCMI–III

In this study, we examined Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory–III (MCMI–III; Millon, 2009) characteristics in an Old Order Amish outpatient sample (n = 166), with a comparison group of Old Order Amish who were not receiving mental health treatment at the time of testing (n = 80). We also graphically compared the 2 Amish groups to a non-Amish psychiatric sample in the literature. Consistent with our hypotheses, the Old Order Amish outpatients scored significantly higher than the Old Order Amish comparison group on the majority of MCMI–III scales, with mostly medium effect sizes, suggesting that the MCMI–III is a useful personality instrument in discriminating between Old Order Amish clinical and nonclinical groups. In addition, the Amish outpatients scored similar to a non-Amish psychiatric sample in the literature on most personality scales. Future MCMI–III studies with the Amish are needed to replicate and generalize our findings.
Proteomic Biomarkers of Preterm Birth Risk in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Systematic Review and Biomarker Database Integration

Background Preterm Birth (PTB) is a major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) are at high risk of PTB. There is a need for research studies to investigate the mechanisms linking PCOS and PTB, to facilitate screening, and develop novel preventative strategies. Objective To list all the proteomic biomarkers of PTB and integrate this list with the PCOS biomarker database to identify commonly expressed biomarkers of the two conditions. Search Strategy A systematic review of PTB biomarkers and update of PCOS biomarker database. All eligible published studies on proteomic biomarkers for PTB and PCOS identified through various databases were evaluated. Selection Criteria For the identification of the relevant studies, the following search terms were used: “proteomics”, “proteomic”, “preterm birth”, “preterm labour”, “proteomic biomarker” and “polycystic ovary syndrome”. This search was restricted to humans only Data Collection and Analysis A database on proteomic biomarkers for PTB was created while an already existing PCOS biomarker database was updated. The two databases were integrated and biomarkers that were co-expressed in both women with PCOS and PTB were identified and investigated. Results A panel of six proteomic biomarkers was similarly differentially expressed in women with PTB and women with PCOS compared to their respective controls (normal age-matched women in the case of PCOS studies and women with term pregnancy in the case of PTB studies). These biomarkers include Pyruvate kinase M1/M2, Vimentin, Fructose bisphosphonate aldolase A, Heat shock protein beta-1, Peroxiredoxin-1 and Transferrin. Conclusions These proteomic biomarkers (Pyruvate kinase M1/M2, Vimentin, Fructose bisphosphonate aldolase A, Heat shock protein beta-1, Peroxiredoxin-1 and Transferrin) can be potentially used to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms linking PCOS and PTB. This would help to identify subgroups of women with PCOS at risk of PTB and hence the potential of developing preventative strategies.