Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE CONDITIONS OF FLOW IN READING: TWO STUDIES OF OPTIMAL EXPERIENCE

Abstract This paper examines the conditions under which readers experience intense engagement in a text, what Csikszentmihalyi has termed “optimal experience,” or “flow. ” 1 Two studies of optimal experience are reported here. The first consisted of interviews with eleven children and adult pleasure readers concerning their experiences with flow during reading; the second examined reading flow by surveying 76 university students and professionals. Among the major findings of the studies were: (a) the large majority of the texts which provided the informants with flow were those which they had read for pleasure; (b) when informants were assigned texts in school, flow was more likely to occur when they had an interest in the text; (c) texts which provided flow were perceived as giving the reader personal or intellectual benefits; and (d) fiction was significantly more likely to produce flow than non‐fiction texts. Future research directions are discussed. 1. We would like to thank Laurie MacGillivray, Steve .
Towards externalist psychopathology

The "width" of the mind is an important topic in contemporary philosophical psychology. Support for active externalism derives from theoretical, engineering, and observational perspectives. Given the history of psychology, psychopathology is notable in its absence from the list of avenues of support for the idea that some cognitive processes extend beyond the physical bounds of the organism in question. The current project is to defend the possibility, plausibility, and desirability of externalist psychopathology. Doing so both adds to the case for externalism and suggests ways of improving our study of cognitive dysfunction. I establish the possibility of externalist psychopathology through the development of models of wide cognitive processing, and, by implication, failure of such processing, from the work of S.L. Hurley and Robert Wilson. The plausibility of wide conceptualization and explanation of cognitive disorders is shown through an examination of apraxia, disorders of learned, skilled movements. The desirability of externalist psychopathology is suggested through a look at theoretical and therapeutic virtues, again drawing on Wilson's work.
Imidazole–imidazolium picrate monohydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C3H5N2 +·C6H2N3O7 −·C3H4N2·H2O or H(C3H4N2)2 +·C6H2N3O7 −·H2O, contains a diimidazolium cationic unit, one picrate anion and one molecule of water. In the crystal, the components are connected by N—H⋯O, N—H⋯N and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a two-dimensional network parallel to (001). In addition, weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds lead to the formation of a three-dimensional network featuring R 5 5(19) rings.
The contextual interference effect in applied settings

This paper analyses the research literature that approaches the contextual interference effect in applied settings. In contrast to the laboratory settings, in which high interference conditions depress acquisition and promote learning evaluated in retention and transfer tests, in applied settings most of the studies (60%) fail to observe positive effects after manipulation of the contextual interference. Some possible explanations for the fact are hypothesized regarding the characteristics of the task, with serial tasks doing best, shor t inter trial intervals rare in applied settings, interference produced by the use of different motor programmes and the possible interference of concurrent feedback in slow tasks in contrast to ballistic skills. It seems that there is a more evident contextual interference effect in an applied setting, when subject learns a serial task with high degree of complexity.
Balancing Score Adjusted Targeted Minimum Loss-based Estimation

Abstract Adjusting for a balancing score is sufficient for bias reduction when estimating causal effects including the average treatment effect and effect among the treated. Estimators that adjust for the propensity score in a nonparametric way, such as matching on an estimate of the propensity score, can be consistent when the estimated propensity score is not consistent for the true propensity score but converges to some other balancing score. We call this property the balancing score property, and discuss a class of estimators that have this property. We introduce a targeted minimum loss-based estimator (TMLE) for a treatment-specific mean with the balancing score property that is additionally locally efficient and doubly robust. We investigate the new estimator’s performance relative to other estimators, including another TMLE, a propensity score matching estimator, an inverse probability of treatment weighted estimator, and a regression-based estimator in simulation studies.
Enduring Involvement with Shopping

Abstract The concept of involvement with respect to shopping was explored. A test to distinguish enduring versus situational involvement with shopping was developed and administered to a representative sample of 712 French adults. Four dimensions of involvement were defined: leisure, economic, social, and apathetic. Two sets of variables, sociodemographics and locus of control, were tested as potential antecedent conditions to enduring involvement. The results confirmed that enduring involvement with shopping is a four-dimensional construct, although cluster analysis yielded four different patterns of involvement with shopping that were a combination of the aforementioned dimensions.
This material is the copyright of the original publisher. Unauthorised copying and distribution is prohibited. A Review of the Effectiveness of Physical Activity Interventions for Adult Males

Physical inactivity is one of the main modifiable risk factors for a range of noncommunicable diseases. Of particular interest are adult males, a hard-toreach population group for health promotion interventions. The purpose of this review is to provide a critical evaluation of the published health-related physical activity interventions that have targeted adult males. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, CINAHL � , ScienceDirect, Web /
Critical Dimensions of Disaster Recovery Planning

Disaster Recovery Planning (DRP) emerged in the 1970s, during the era of electronic data processing when mainframe systems were used to crunch data and provide reports for business analysis. The importance of DRP is undeniable especially after the 911 terrorism attack and many natural disasters experienced by many countries; much effort has then poured in to maintain a set of workable DRP. However, though high investment is allocated for information technology and DRP, there are still IT service outages interrupted the business, crippled the operations and impacted the overall organization long term strategic plan. Questions arose on why DRP couldnot ensure an uninterrupted IT service environment. This paper aims to study the critical dimensions impacting the development and maintenance of DRP process, specifically to understand the dimensions that contribute to asuccessful DRP that aims to minimize the impacts of IT service outages. This study used a theoretical model, technology-organization-environment framework (TOE) to explore the adoption of DRP process in financial institutions in Malaysia. Following IT service management concept, individual components that comprise oftrading partner readiness, staff competency, roles and responsibilities were included in the study. This study evidenced that 8 dimensions were critical for the implementation of DRP, in which 2 of 3 individual componentsbeing studied were part of the lists. These 8 dimensions could be used as guidance for future successful DRP roll out and its ongoing maintenance activities; with the ultimate objective to minimize outage duration of ITservices that support critical business.
Concept Drift Detection Through Resampling

Detecting changes in data-streams is an important part of enhancing learning quality in dynamic environments. We devise a procedure for detecting concept drifts in data-streams that relies on analyzing the empirical loss of learning algorithms. Our method is based on obtaining statistics from the loss distribution by reusing the data multiple times via resampling. We present theoretical guarantees for the proposed procedure based on the stability of the underlying learning algorithms. Experimental results show that the method has high recall and precision, and performs well in the presence of noise.
Persistence of Peptide-induced CD4+ T cell Anergy In Vitro

Clonal T cell unresponsiveness, or anergy, has been proposed as a mechanism of peripheral tolerance in vivo, and as a potential means of curbing unwanted T cell responses. In this study, anergy was induced in a T helper cell (Th) clone reactive to hemoglobin (Hb) peptide 64–76 by coculture of the T cells with live antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and 74L, a peptide analog of Hb(64–76) that contains a single amino acid substitution of leucine for glycine at position 74, or with a low concentration of the agonist ligand. The anergic state was characterized by blunted proliferation and interleukin (IL) 2 production upon restimulation with Hb(64–76), and was not the result of impaired TCR/CD3 downmodulation. The addition of exogenous IL-12 transiently restored proliferation of the anergic lines, but removal of IL-12 from culture returned the T cells to their nonproliferative state. Interestingly, persistence of the anergic phenotype was observed despite biweekly restimulation with antigen, APCs, and IL-2. Thus, T cell unresponsiveness induced by a peptide produced a stable, persistent anergic state in a Th0 clone that was not reversible by stimulation with IL-2 or -12.
Associations Between Student Achievement and Student Learning

Accountability systems that measure student learning rather than student achievement have the potential to more accurately evaluate school quality. However, one methodological concern has remained surprisingly absent from discussions of value-added modeling. Standardized assessments that exhibit either positive or negative correlations between achievement and achievement gains will produce value-added estimates that contradict actual patterns of school effectiveness. This study uses student-level state assessment data to explore the ramifications of these relationships for value-added indicators. Within this state’s assessment, the author finds strong negative relationships between achievement and subsequent achievement gains—initially low-scoring students appeared to gain more than their high-achieving peers. Because students are not randomly assigned to schools by achievement, these child-level correlations strongly influence school-level value-added estimates, in some cases quite dramatically. However, the manifestation of these relationships varies across four different analytic techniques, depending on how a particular approach modeled the associations between initial status and gain.
Insights into peptide and protein function: a convergent approach 1 2

From viruses to multicellular organisms, life is inseparable from the genetic instructions aimed at regulating its maintenance, division, multiplication, differentiation and death (apoptosis). Over the past 15 years, structural studies have begun to resolve the complex reactions involved in these fundamental processes in biology. The three‐dimensional representations of the complexes formed with peptides and/or proteins have allowed interpretation of the biochemical data and formulation of novel hypotheses about the control and execution of these processes. Moreover, they have opened the way to rational approaches for designing compounds able to interfere with these crucial events in normal or pathological conditions. Various results obtained in our laboratory in these fields are briefly summarized in this review. Copyright © 2001 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endogenous On-the-job Search and Frictional Wage Dispersion

This paper addresses the large degree of frictional wage dispersion in US data. The standard job matching model without on-the-job search cannot replicate this pattern. With on-the-job search, however, unemployed job searchers are more willing to accept low wage offers since they can continue to seek for better employment opportunities. This explains why observably identical workers may be paid very differently. Therefore, we examine the quantitative implications of on-the-job search in a stochastic job matching model. Our key result is that the inclusion of variable on-the-job search increases the degree of frictional wage dispersion by an order of a magnitude.
Optimum sampling distances in the Gabor scheme

It is well known that the Gabor coefficients can be identified as the values of the windowed Fourier transform, sampled on a rectangular grid in the time-frequency domain. Whereas the relationship between the synthesis window (which acts as a building block in Gabor's signal expansion) and the analysis window (which is used in the windowed Fourier transform) has been investigated extensively, in particular for finding ways to determine the synthesis window when the analysis window is given, less attention has been paid to the influence of the sampling geometry, i.e., the ratio between the sampling distances in the time and the frequency direction. And indeed, if the analysis window is given and we want the synthesis window to resemble a required function as closely as possible, the sampling geometry appears to be rather important. Although the synthesis window will automatically resemble the required function for a sufficiently large degree of oversampling, such a resemblance can be reached for a much smaller degree of oversampling if the sampling geometry is chosen correctly. In this paper we present a method, based on the windowed Fourier transform of the required function, with which the optimum sampling geometry for a given degree of oversampling can be found.
Psychometric Properties of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire–Preschool Revision

The psychometric properties of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire–Preschool Revision (APQ–PR) were explored in a sample of hyperactive–inattentive preschool children (N = 47) and nonimpaired controls (N = 113). A subset of parents completed the questionnaire on 2 occasions, approximately 1 year apart. Factor analysis revealed a 3-factor solution, accounting for 32.28% of the variance. The resultant Positive Parenting, Negative/Inconsistent Parenting, and Punitive Parenting factors demonstrated good internal consistency and temporal stability. At baseline, parents of hyperactive–inattentive and control children did not differ on any APQ–PR subscale. However, over time parents of controls increased their use of positive parenting techniques, whereas the use of positive parenting practices decreased over time in the hyperactive–inattentive group.
“Ovo Je Srbija”: The Horror of the National Thing in A Serbian Film

In this article, the authors discuss the recent horror film A Serbian Film (2010) as a representation of the catastrophic nature of Serbian society in the Milosevic era. The authors start their analysis by talking about the construction of the Serbian ethno-nation under Milosevic, arguing that it emerged as a kind of reaction-formation to the collapse of Soviet-led communism in the Eastern bloc in the late 1980s/early 1990s. Their argument is that Milosevic constructed a new idea of Serbia based on a utopian theory of the ethnically homogenous nation to try to oppose the social, political and economic chaos produced by the end of communism and the related collapse of the ethnically mixed Yugoslav state. Following this work, the authors analyse the detail of Milosevic’s state and, in particular, the criminalization of Serbian society in the 1990s, and attempt to show how A Serbian Film dramatizes these conditions in a horror story about sexual violence and state-sponsored sadism. Throughout the article, the authors employ Freudian–Lacanian theory to argue that what A Serbian Film illustrates is the horror of the Serbian real and the terrible consequences of the state-sponsored collapse of normal civilization into an ultraviolent, hypersexualized, criminalized state of nature. In this respect, the authors suggest that the message of A Serbian Film has relevance beyond the case of Serbia, because even though the social and political context of Milosevic’s Serbia is essential to understanding its historical significance, the authors’ view is that it also speaks about the universal human condition of the death drive explored by Freud in his Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920) and Civilization and Its Discontents (1930), and the potential contained in every society to descend into barbarity and sadistic violence.
Binge-eating and Self-induced Vomiting in the Community

Summary This study examined by questionnaire the prevalence of binge-eating and self-induced vomiting among a sample of 369 consecutive attenders at a family planning clinic. 20.9 per cent reported current episodes of uncontrollable and excessive eating (‘binges’), 2.9 per cent currently induced vomiting as a means of weight control; and 4.9 per cent reported using laxatives. Binge-eating and self-induced vomiting were strongly associated with disturbed attitudes to food, eating, body weight and shape; and with psychiatric disturbance. Menstrual dysfunction was not associated with either body weight or binge-eating; it was however associated with psychiatric state. Applying conservative rules, 1.9 per cent appeared to fulfil diagnostic criteria for the recently described syndrome bulimia nervosa.
New Developments of RNAi in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: Prospects for High-Throughput, Genome-Wide, Functional Genomics

Background The Fungal Genome Initiative of the Broad Institute, in partnership with the Paracoccidioides research community, has recently sequenced the genome of representative isolates of this human-pathogen dimorphic fungus: Pb18 (S1), Pb03 (PS2) and Pb01. The accomplishment of future high-throughput, genome-wide, functional genomics will rely upon appropriate molecular tools and straightforward techniques to streamline the generation of stable loss-of-function phenotypes. In the past decades, RNAi has emerged as the most robust genetic technique to modulate or to suppress gene expression in diverse eukaryotes, including fungi. These molecular tools and techniques, adapted for RNAi, were up until now unavailable for P. brasiliensis. Methodology/Principal Findings In this paper, we report Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of yeast cells for high-throughput applications with which higher transformation frequencies of 150±24 yeast cell transformants per 1×106 viable yeast cells were obtained. Our approach is based on a bifunctional selective marker fusion protein consisted of the Streptoalloteichus hindustanus bleomycin-resistance gene (Shble) and the intrinsically fluorescent monomeric protein mCherry which was codon-optimized for heterologous expression in P. brasiliensis. We also report successful GP43 gene knock-down through the expression of intron-containing hairpin RNA (ihpRNA) from a Gateway-adapted cassette (cALf) which was purpose-built for gene silencing in a high-throughput manner. Gp43 transcript levels were reduced by 73.1±22.9% with this approach. Conclusions/Significance We have a firm conviction that the genetic transformation technique and the molecular tools herein described will have a relevant contribution in future Paracoccidioides spp. functional genomics research.
Impact of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Gene Polymorphisms on Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Coronary Artery Disease Patients

Background: Left ventricular dysfunction (LVD), followed by fall in cardiac output is one of the major complications in some coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. The decreased cardiac output over time leads to activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system which results in vasoconstriction by influencing salt-water homeostasis. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to explore the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in angiotensin I converting enzyme; ACE (rs4340), angiotensin II type1 receptor; AT1 (rs5186) and aldosterone synthase; CYP11B2 (rs1799998) with LVD. Methods and results: The present study was carried out in two cohorts. The primary cohort included 308 consecutive patients with angiographically confirmed CAD and 234 healthy controls. Among CAD, 94 with compromised left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF ≤ 45) were categorized as LVD. The ACE I/D, AT1 A1166C and CYP11B2 T-344C polymorphisms were determined by PCR. Our results showed that ACE I/D was significantly associated with CAD but not with LVD. However, AT1 1166C variant was significantly associated with LVD (LVEF ≤ 45) (p value=0.013; OR=3.69), but CYP11B2 (rs1799998) was not associated with either CAD or LVD. To validate our results, we performed a replication study in additional 200 cases with similar clinical characteristics and results again confirmed consistent findings (p value=0.020; OR=5.20). Conclusion: AT1 A1166C plays important role in conferring susceptibility of LVD.
Cloacael Carriage and Multidrug Resistance Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Poultry Farms, Eastern Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine antimicrobial drug resistance patterns of E. coli O157:H7 isolates and estimate the level of the pathogen. A total of 194 cloacae swab samples were collected randomly in two poultry farms. Standard cultural, biochemical, and serological (latex agglutination) methods were used to isolate E. coli O157:H7. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disc diffusion method. Out of 194 cloacae samples examined, 13.4% (n = 26) were found to be positive for E. coli O157:H7. The finding indicated differences in E. coli O157:H7 infection among the different risk factors. Chicken from Adele Poultry Farm showed higher E. coli O157:H7 infection (OR = 3.89) than Haramaya University poultry farm and young birds had more infection (OR = 4.62) than adult birds. Of the total 14 antimicrobials included in the panel of study, the susceptibility results were varied with 96.15% and 0% E. coli O157:H7 isolates expressing resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, spectinomycin, and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Multidrug resistance to more than two antimicrobial agents was detected in 24 (92.30%) of the isolates. The study showed high presence of antimicrobial resistant isolates of E. coli O157:H7. Further study is required to better understand the ecology and evolution of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents.
On the Computation of Multidimensional Aggregates

At the heart of all OLAP or multidimensional data analysis applications is the ability to simultaneously aggregate across many sets of dimensions. Computing multidimensional aggregates is a performance bottleneck for these applications. This paper presents fast algorithms for computing a collection of group bys. We focus on a special case of the aggregation problem - computation of the CUBE operator. The CUBE operator requires computing group-bys on all possible combinations of a list of attributes, and is equivalent to the union of a number of standard group-by operations. We show how the structure of CUBE computation can be viewed in terms of a hierarchy of group-by operations. Our algorithms extend sort-based and hashbased grouping methods with several . optimizations, like combining common operations across multiple groupbys, caching, and using pre-computed group-by8 for computing other groupbys. Empirical evaluation shows that the resulting algorithms give much better performance compared to straightforward meth