Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Paternal smoking is associated with a decreased prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus among offspring in two national British birth cohort studies (NCDS and BCS70)

Abstract Aims: An association between paternal age and type 1 diabetes (IDDM) among their offspring was recently reported as well as transgenerational responses in humans. This paper aims to assess the association of markers for prenatal exposures with IDDM. Methods: We analysed data from two birth cohorts in Great Britain on 5214 cohort members from the National Child Development Study (NCDS) and 6068 members of the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study (BCS70) with full information on IDDM and explanatory variables using multivariate logistic regression. Results: IDDM prevalence was 0.7% (95% CI 0.5–1.0%; n=38) in the NCDS and 0.4% (95% CI 0.3–0.6%; n=27) in the BCS70 cohort. Paternal age was not associated with IDDM possibly due to lack of sample power. Unexpectedly, a lowered prevalence of IDDM was observed among offspring of smoking fathers in both cohorts, with a combined odds ratio of 0.44 (95% CI 0.25–0.75). This association could not be explained by maternal smoking prior to, during or after pregnancy, number of siblings, parental social class, maternal and paternal age, or cohort. Maternal smoking in pregnancy did not alter the IDDM prevalence among offspring. Conclusions: This unexpected finding may be explained by germ-line mutations or other mechanisms associated with paternal smoking. This phenomenon should be investigated and these results should not be used as a justification for smoking. Paternal exposures may be important in determining IDDM risk.
Our Princess Is in Another Castle

Do video games show demonstrable relationships to academic achievement gains when used to support the K-12 curriculum? In a review of literature, we identified 300+ articles whose descriptions related to video games and academic achievement. We found some evidence for the effects of video games on language learning, history, and physical education (specifically exergames), but little support for the academic value of video games in science and math. We summarize the trends for each subject area and supply recommendations for the nascent field of video games research. Many educationally interesting games exist, yet evidence for their impact on student achievement is slim. We recommend separating simulations from games and refocusing the question onto the situated nature of game-player-context interactions, including meta-game social collaborative elements.
A Near-Infrared Study of the NGC 7538 Star-forming Region

We present subarcsecond (FWHM ~ 0.″7), near-infrared (NIR) JHKs-band images and a high-sensitivity radio continuum image at 1280 MHz, using SIRIUS on the University of Hawaii 88 inch (2.2 m) telescope and the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT). The NIR survey covers an area of ~24 arcmin2 with 10 σ limiting magnitudes of ~19.5, 18.4, and 17.3 in the J, H, and Ks bands, respectively. Our NIR images are deeper than any JHK surveys to date for the larger area of the NGC 7538 star-forming region. We construct JHK color-color and J - H/J and H - K/K color-magnitude diagrams to identify young stellar objects (YSOs) and to estimate their masses. Based on these color-color and color-magnitude diagrams, we identified a rich population of YSOs (Class I and Class II) associated with the NGC 7538 region. A large number of red sources (H - K > 2) have also been detected around NGC 7538. We argue that these red stars are most probably pre-main-sequence stars with intrinsic color excesses. Most of the YSOs in NGC 7538 are arranged from the northwest toward the southeast regions, forming a sequence in age: a diffuse H II region (northwest and oldest, where most of the Class II and Class I sources are detected), a compact IR core (center), and regions with an extensive IR reflection nebula and a cluster of red young stars (southeast and south). We find that the slope of the Ks-band luminosity function of NGC 7538 is lower than the typical values reported for young embedded clusters, although equally low values have also been reported in the W3 Main star-forming region. From the slope of the Ks-band luminosity function and the analysis by Megeath and coworkers, we infer that the embedded stellar population is composed of YSOs with an age of ~1 Myr. Based on the comparison of models of pre-main-sequence stars with the observed color-magnitude diagram, we find that the stellar population in NGC 7538 is primarily composed of low-mass pre-main-sequence stars similar to those observed in the W3 Main star-forming region. The radio continuum image from the GMRT observations at 1280 MHz shows an arc-shaped structure due to the interaction between the H II region and the adjacent molecular cloud. The ionization front at the interface between the H II region and the molecular cloud is clearly delineated by comparing the radio continuum, molecular line, and NIR images.
1 AAS 07-042 SPHERES OPERATIONS ABOARD THE ISS : MATURATION OF GN & C ALGORITHMS IN MICROGRAVITY

The docking algorithms were developed incrementally throughout the five tests sessions, making heavy use of the reconfiguration and modularity features of the SPHERES design. The architecture for the docking algorithms is based on the development of smaller simple modules that implement: two estimation algorithms based on extended Kalman filters; mixer functions to convert forces and torques to thruster on/off commands; glideslope, phase-plane, and PID-type controllers; and fault detection and isolation algorithms. The modules were tested piecewise and assembled together to create increasingly complex docking maneuvers. The tests culminated with the successful demonstration of two SPHERES satellites performing cooperative docking to fixed targets, demonstrating the capabilities of safe docking maneuvers, and performing the first microgravity docking to a tumbling target.
Understanding “influence”: An empirical test of the Data‐Frame Theory of Sensemaking

This paper reports findings from a study designed to gain broader understanding of sensemaking activities using the Data/Frame Theory as the analytical framework. Although this theory is one of the dominant models of sensemaking, it has not been extensively tested with a range of sensemaking tasks. The tasks discussed here focused on making sense of structures rather than processes or narratives. Eleven researchers were asked to construct understanding of how a scientific community in a particular domain is organized (e.g., people, relationships, contributions, factors) by exploring the concept of “influence” in academia. This topic was chosen because, although researchers frequently handle this type of task, it is unlikely that they have explicitly sought this type of information. We conducted a think‐aloud study and semistructured interviews with junior and senior researchers from the human–computer interaction (HCI) domain, asking them to identify current leaders and rising stars in both HCI and chemistry. Data were coded and analyzed using the Data/Frame Model to both test and extend the model. Three themes emerged from the analysis: novices and experts' sensemaking activity chains, constructing frames through indicators, and characteristics of structure tasks. We propose extensions to the Data/Frame Model to accommodate structure sensemaking.
The Social Psychology of the Classroom

Part I: The Social Psychology of the Classroom 1. The Classroom as a Social Environment 2. Social Motivation, Students' Needs and Self-Esteem 3. The Teacher's Role(s) Part II: Social Measurement in the Classroom 4. Social Structure and Sociometric Measurement in the Classroom 5. Measurement of Classroom Climate Part III: Teacher-Student Interaction and Teacher Expectancy Effects 6. "Pygmalion in the Classroom": Teacher Expectancies and Teacher Bias 7. Teachers' Differential Behavior in the Classroom 8. The Teacher's Pet Phenomenon Part IV: Classroom Management 9. Classroom Management: Historical Trends and Contemporary Approach 10. Punishment and Effective Management of Discipline Problems 11. Behavioral Analysis of Common Pitfalls in Classroom Management Part V: Nonverbal Behavior in the Classroom 12. Basic Concepts and Issues in Nonverbal Research 13. Students' Nonverbal Behavior 14. Teachers' Nonverbal Behavior Part VI: Educating and Changing Students 15. Educating Students 16. Changing Students
Achievement Goals and Self-Perceptions of Ability in Physical Education: A Cross-Cultural Perspective.

The present investigation, which included two studies, consisted of a crosscultural analysis of achievement goals and self-perceptions of ability in physical education from a goal perspective theory approach. One hundred and eighty Chinese students and 121 Anglo-American students in fourth, fifth, and sixth grades participated in Study 1 and completed questionnaires assessing their goal orientations, perceived ability, task choice, and satisfaction in physical education. Three hundred and seventyone Chinese students and 308 American students in fourth, eighth, and eleventh grades participated in Study 2. In Study 2 questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data on students’ goal orientations, conceptions of ability, perceived ability, and beliefs about competence in physical education. Factor analyses indicated that the same twodimensional factor structure of goal orientation, namely task orientation and ego orientation, cuts across the two cultural groups in physical education. Analyses assessing grade-related changes in students’ conceptions of ability and achievement goals showed that for both American and Chinese students, as they progressed through the school years they were more likely to construe ability as a stable capacity that may limit or increase the effect of effort on performance and to become ego-oriented. Analyses assessing relationships between variables of interest revealed that for both cultural groups, achievement goals were related to different conceptions of ability, students’ selfratings were significantly positively correlated to their teachers’ ratings of their ability, and no consistent relationships emerged between achievement goals and perceived ability. The interview data concerning students’ beliefs about their competence in
Relationship Between Visual-Motor Integration, Eye-Hand Coordination, and Quality of Handwriting

If the influence of visual-motor integration (copying forms) on the quality of handwriting has been widely investigated, the influence of eye-hand coordination (tracing item) has been less well analyzed. The Concise Assessment Scale for Children's Handwriting (BHK), the Developmental Test of Visual Perception (DTVP-2), and the section “Manual Dexterity” of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC) were administered to a group of second grade children (N = 75; 8.1-year-olds). The association of visual-motor integration and eye-hand coordination are predictive of the quality of handwriting (p < . 001). These two skills should be taken into consideration when children are referred to occupational therapy for difficulties in handwriting.
Sweet lies: neural, visual, and behavioral measures reveal a lack of self-control conflict during food choice in weight-concerned women

Despite their intentions, weight-concerned individuals generally fail to control their eating behavior. However, it is unknown whether this failure is due to a lack of effortful self-control, or to not experiencing an internal conflict between weight goals and food temptations. The present study used fMRI, eye tracking and reaction times to assess the degree of conflict experienced by weight-concerned women during food choices that posed either a self-control dilemma (i.e., requiring a choice between healthy and palatable foods), or not. Contrary to the common assumption in self-control theory that food choices posing a self-control dilemma evoke internal conflict, we found that choices requiring self-control induced no conflict, as demonstrated by lower reaction times, fixation durations, number of gaze switches between snacks, and lower activation of the anterior cingulate cortex. Our results suggest that self-control failure might be due to a lack of experienced conflict, rather than to failing to act upon the perception of such conflict. This implies that effectiveness of weight maintenance interventions might be improved if they also focus on increasing the ability to detect a self-control dilemma, in addition to the current focus on increasing self-regulatory capacity.
Peer Gender Composition and Choice of College Major

In this paper we analyze whether the gender composition of classmates in high school affects the choice of college-major by shifting it towards those majors preferred by the prevalent gender in the class. We use a novel dataset of 30,000 Italian students graduated from high school between 1985 and 2005 and followed through college and in the labor market. We exploit the fact that the gender composition of the graduating high school class, from one year to the next, within School-Teacher assignment group, shows large variation that we document to be as good as random. We find that male students who attended a high school class with at least 90% of male classmates were significantly more likely to choose "prevalently male" college majors (i.e. Economics, Business and Engineering). However, in the long-run, the higher propensity to enroll in "prevalently male" majors (that are more academically demanding) did not translate in higher probability of graduating in them. In fact, male students from high school classes with >90% males ended up with lower probability of graduating altogether, and they exhibited worse university performance. The peer-pressure towards prevalently male majors may generate mismatches that are counterproductive for college performance and graduation probability of male students. We do not observe these effects on female.
Estimation of the long‐memory stochastic volatility model parameters that is robust to level shifts and deterministic trends

I provide conditions under which the trimmed FDQML estimator, advanced by McCloskey (2010) in the context of fully parametric short‐memory models, can be used to estimate the long‐memory stochastic volatility model parameters in the presence of additive low‐frequency contamination in log‐squared returns. The types of low‐frequency contamination covered include level shifts as well as deterministic trends. I establish consistency and asymptotic normality in the presence or absence of such low‐frequency contamination under certain conditions on the growth rate of the trimming parameter. I also provide theoretical guidance on the choice of trimming parameter by heuristically obtaining its asymptotic MSE‐optimal rate under certain types of low‐frequency contamination. A simulation study examines the finite sample properties of the robust estimator, showing substantial gains from its use in the presence of level shifts. The finite sample analysis also explores how different levels of trimming affect the parameter estimates in the presence and absence of low‐frequency contamination and long‐memory.
AC Power Flow Representation in Conic Format

This letter presents a second-order cone formulation for AC power flow problem. The power flow equations are first derived as functions of more practical variables of power systems and then placed in a second-order cone programming (SOCP) problem. The proposed conic power flow (CPF) model can be solved efficiently through IPMs, and at the same time, it has a very good accuracy as compared to the full AC power flow model. Also, the proposed CPF can efficiently handle the ill-conditioned networks. The numerical efficiency and good accuracy of the model are shown by simulating various case studies.
An Informational Perspective on Administrative Procedures

A number of scholars have identified the important role administrative procedures have in 'structuring' the interest group environment of government agencies: determining who can participate and in what manner. Using a formal model, we analyze the incentives and outcomes that different procedural--and therefore interest group--environments generate. The model yields a number of important conclusions. First, because elected officials are concerned not only about distributional rents, but also informational ones, the use of procedures in some cases will result in worse outcomes for political principals on the policy dimension. Officials will be willing to bear the losses in exchange for informational gains. Second, under certain conditions, a politician is better off with a biased group monitoring the agency rather than a neutral one, since biased groups will subsidize a portion of the monitoring cost. Third, having multiple interest groups, including one in opposition to the politician, makes the political principal strictly better off than any other constellation of monitors, since competing interest groups will provide the greatest information at the lowest cost to the elected official. Copyright 1999 by Oxford University Press.
Correlations between the Quick Test (QT) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) as Used in a Clinical Setting

30 patients in a D. V. A. hospital were given both the QT and the WAIS. Correlations between the QT and the Full Scale WAIS, Verbal WAIS, Performance WAIS, and Vocabulary subtest of the WAIS were all significantly different from zero. Examination of the correlation coefficients suggested that the QT measures much the same abilities as does the WAIS, although the QT is predominantly a vocabulary comprehension test. Because the QT is easier to give, it was felt that the QT might often be used instead of the WAIS when one is interested in quickly assessing IQ in an applied setting.
Irregular Distributed Space-Time Code Design for Near-Capacity Cooperative Communications

This paper presents an Irregular Distributed Space- Time (Ir-DST) coding scheme designed for near-capacity cooperative communications. A serial concatenated scheme comprising an IRregular Convolutional Code (IRCC), a recursive Unity-Rate Code (URC) and a Space-Time Block Code (STBC) was designed for the sake of approaching the corresponding source-to-relay link capacity, where the IRCC was optimized with the aid of EXtrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) charts which was used at the source node. At the relay node, another IRCC is concatenated serially with an identical STBC. The relay's IRCC is re-optimized based on EXIT chart analysis for the sake of approaching the relay network's capacity, before transmitting the relayed information. We will demonstrate that the topology of the Ir-DST system coincides with that of a Distributed Turbo Code (DTC). At the destination node, a novel three-stage iterative decoding scheme is constructed in order to achieve decoding convergence to an infinitesimally low Bit Error Ratio (BER). Finally, it is shown that our joint source-and-relay mode design based on EXIT chart analysis is capable of near-capacity cooperative communications.
Clinicopathologic Features of Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia in the Limpopo Province, South Africa

Abstract The pathogenesis of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is complex; various etiological factors influence the wide variety of its distribution throughout the world. Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia encompasses a spectrum of benign and malignant lesions. The relative prevalence of benign versus malignant cases varies geographically. Most GTNs are benign and located in the uterus; benign and malignant GTNs do also arise outside the uterine body. Tubal hydatid moles (HMs) and primary choriocarcinomas are rare. Over a 3-year period, 119 cases of biopsy-diagnosed GTNs were prospectively collected: 70.6% were benign and 29.4% were malignant. Two HMs, or 2.4% of all HMs, were located in the tubes; 2 choriocarcinomas, or 6.5% of all malignant GTNs, originated in the tubes. Tubal GTNs accounted for 0.5% of 857 tubal ectopic pregnancies. There was no significant difference in the mean age of benign and malignant GTNs (P = 0.61). Four (11.4%) of the 35 malignant GTNs were HIV infected.
Influence of Estradiol-17beta on Progesterone and Estrogen Receptor mRNA Expression in Porcine Follicular Granulosa Cells during Short-Term, In Vitro Real-Time Cell Proliferation

Progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) play a significant role in mammalian reproduction. Our study demonstrated that separated porcine cumulus cells (CCs) and/or granulosa cells (GCs) might proliferate in vitro during short-term, real-time primary culture. The GCs were analyzed according to gene expression of the progesterone receptor (nuclear form) (pgr), progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (pgrmc1), and estrogen-related receptor beta 3 (esrrb3) in relation to two housekeeping genes: actb and pbgd. GCs were cultivated in medium with the E2. Both pgr/actb and pgr/pbgd revealed higher expression between 24 and 168 h of IVC of prolonged E2 treatment and at 48 h of IVC after acute E2 administration. The pgrmc1/actb and pgrmc1/pbgd displayed increased expression after prolonged E2 treatment between 24 and 120 h of IVC. The highest level of esrrb3/actb at 120 and 144 h, as well as esrrb3/pbgd at 120 h, in untreated controls as compared to the hormone-stimulated group, was observed. We suggest that E2 significantly influences the upregulation of pgr, pgrmc1, and esrrb3 expression in porcine GCs during real-time cell proliferation. Since esrrb3 expression is stimulated by E2 in both an acute and prolonged manner, estradiol may be recognized as a potential estrogen receptor agonist in GCs.
Seroprevalence of Infectious Bursal Disease in Backyard Chickens of Six Districts of North Shewa Zones of Oromia and Amhara Regions, Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study and questionnaire survey was carried from November 2009 up to April 2010 in North Shewa zone of Oromia and Amhara regions to determine prevalence of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) in unvaccinated backyard chickens using commercial ELISA kit. The study revealed that IBD was prevalent 84.2% (95% CI= 80.6 - 87.8, n=399) in the study areas. Seroprevalence distribution of IBD were 96.2% (95% CI= 93.5-99.0) and 73.8% (95% CI= 67.9-79.8) in Amhara and Oromia regions, respectively. Chickens in the Amhara region were nine times susceptible for IBD than Chickens of Oromia region. There is no significant difference among sex and age groups of study animals. The study revealed that IBD were common in district of Kewet 98.6% (95% CI= 95.7-101.4), Basena Werena 95.1% ( 95% CI= 88.4-101.8), Debre Brehan 94.7 %( 95% CI= 89.5-99.8), W\ Jarso 78.0% (95% CI= 69.4-86.6), Dagam 71.2% (95% CI= 58.7-83.6) and Kuyu 70.4% (95% CI= 59.7-81.1). It indicates that IBD virus is extensively circulating throughout the study areas. Questionnaire survey revealed that backyard poultry production was suffered from multifaceted diseases which contributed 61% death losses of the chickens at age of a day old to market age. Generally, IBD prevalence among the indigenous chicken was escalated with a possible devastated effect on the vulnerable population of backyard poultry. Therefore, it warrants the vaccine development and implementation for control mechanisms. You can submit your Manuscripts at: https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php
Intrinsic Motivation at Work: What Really Drives Employee Engagement

Part I: The Need for New Models The Shift from Compliance to Partnership Extrinsic Rewards Are No Longer Enough Getting Beyond Rational/Economic Assumptions Part II: The Nature of the New Work Purposeful Work Self-Management in the Pursuit of Purpose Part III: The Intrinsic Rewards of the New Work The Rewards of Self-Management Building a Sense of Meaningfulness Building a Sense of Choice Building a Sense of Competence Building a Sense of Progress Implications Epilogue: Putting Money in Perspective