Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Weight Loss Strategies Associated With BMI in Overweight Adults With Type 2 Diabetes at Entry Into the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) Trial

OBJECTIVE—Intentional weight loss is recommended for those with type 2 diabetes, but the strategies patients attempt and their effectiveness for weight management are unknown. In this investigation we describe intentional weight loss strategies used and those related to BMI in a diverse sample of overweight participants with type 2 diabetes at enrollment in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) clinical trial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This was a cross-sectional study of baseline weight loss strategies, including self-weighing frequency, eating patterns, and weight control practices, reported in 3,063 women and 2,082 men aged 45–74 years with BMI ≥25 kg/m2. RESULTS—Less than half (41.4%) of participants self-weighed ≥1/week. Participants ate breakfast 6.0 ± 1.8 days/week, ate 5.0 ± 3.1 meals/snacks per day, and ate 1.9 ± 2.7 fast food meals/week. The three most common weight control practices (increasing fruits and vegetables, cutting out sweets, and eating less high-carbohydrate foods) were reported by ∼60% of participants for ≥20 weeks over the previous year. Adjusted models showed that self-weighing less than once per week (B = 0.83), more fast food meals consumed per week (B = 0.14), and fewer breakfast meals consumed per week (B = −0.19) were associated (P < 0.05) with a higher BMI (R2 = 0.24). CONCLUSIONS—Regular self-weighing and breakfast consumption, along with infrequent consumption of fast food, were related to lower BMI in the Look AHEAD study population.
Comparative and Interactive Effects of Depression Relative to Other Health Problems on Work Performance in the Workforce of a Large Employer

Objectives: To present data on the comparative and interactive workplace costs of depression relative to other health problems in the workforce of a large employer. Methods: The World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire was used to assess self-reported health problems and work performance. Survey data were linked to medical-pharmacy claims data. Regression analysis was used to assess comparative effects of depression in the absence and presence of comorbidities on Health and Work Performance Questionnaire measures of work performance. Results: Depression had the largest individual-level effect on work performance of any condition examined. Several comorbid conditions exacerbated the effect of depression, but had no effects in the absence of depression. Conclusions: Depression is a strong predictor of decrements in work performance. Other conditions that often co-occur with depression, including anxiety and fatigue-sleep disturbance, exacerbate the adverse effect of depression.
Human on-line response to visual and motor target expansion

The components of graphical user interfaces can be made to dynamically expand as the cursor approaches, providing visually appealing effects. Expansion can be implemented in a variety of ways: in some cases the targets expand visually while maintaining a constant smaller motor-space for selection; and in others both the visual and motor-spaces of the objects are enlarged. Previous research by McGuffin & Balakrishnan [15], and confirmed by Zhai et al. [19], has shown that enlarged motor-space expansion improves acquisition performance. It remains unclear, however, what proportion of the performance improvement is due to the enlarged motor-space, and what to the confirmation of the over-target state provided by visual expansion. We report on two experiments which indicate that for small targets, visual expansion in unaltered motor-space results in similar performance gains to enlarged motor-spaces. These experiments are based on tasks where users are unable to anticipate the behaviour of the targets. Implications for commercial use of visual expansion in unaltered motor-space are discussed.
CavePainting: a fully immersive 3D artistic medium and interactive experience

CavePainting is an artistic medium that uses a 3D analog of 2D brush strokes to create 3D works of art in a fully immersive Cave environment. Physical props and gestures are used to provide an intuitive interface for artists who may not be familiar with virtual reality. The system is designed to take advantage of the 8 ft. x 8 ft. x 8 ft. space in which the artist works. CavePainting enables the artist to create a new type of art and provides a novel approach to viewing this art after it has been created. In this paper, we describe CavePainting’s 3D brush strokes, color pickers, artwork viewing mode, and interface. We also present several works of art created using the system along with feedback from artists. Artists are excited about this form of art and the gestural, full-body experience of creating it. CR Categories and Subject Descriptors: I.3. 6 [Computer Graphics]: Methodology and Techniques - Interaction Techniques; I.3. 7 [Computer Graphics]: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism Virtual Reality; J.5 [Arts and Humanities]: Fine Arts Additional Key Words: 3D painting, 3D modeling, gestures, tangible user interface, Cave
Preventive brain radio-chemotherapy alters plasticity associated metabolite profile in the hippocampus but seems to not affect spatial memory in young leukemia patients

Neuronal plasticity leading to evolving reorganization of the neuronal network during entire lifespan plays an important role for brain function especially memory performance. Adult neurogenesis occurring in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus represents the maximal way of network reorganization. Brain radio‐chemotherapy strongly inhibits adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice leading to impaired spatial memory.
Improving Measurement of the EFNEP Outcomes Using Factor Analysis of the Behavior Checklist

This article advances the literature on assessment of EFNEP's effectiveness. Factor analysis of Behavior Checklist items were performed to arrive at a parsimonious set of constructs used to assess the effects of program attributes on participants' behavior change. Based on the data from Michigan EFNEP, the use of constructs demonstrated a robust method of assessing program effectiveness. The greatest behavior changes were with participants taught by program assistants with fewer than 2, 2-5, or more than 15 years of experience. Hispanic participants reported higher levels of behavior changes, as did participants who received EFNEP curriculum in a one-on-one setting.
The Australia Telescope Large Area Survey: Spectroscopic Catalogue and Radio Luminosity Functions

The Australia Telescope Large Area Survey (ATLAS) has surveyed 7 square degrees of sky around the Chandra Deep Field South and the European Large Area ISO Survey-South 1 fields at 1.4 GHz. ATLAS aims to reach a uniform sensitivity of 10 μJy beam −1 rms over the entire region with first data release currently reaching ∼ 30 μJy beam −1 rms. Here we present 466 new spectroscopic redshifts for radio sources in ATLAS as part of our optical follow-up programme. Of the 466 radio sources with new spectroscopic redshifts, 142 have star-forming optical spectra, 282 show evidence for active galactic nuclei (AGN) in their optical spectra, 10 have stellar spectra and 32 have spectra revealing redshifts, but with insufficient features to classify. We compare our spectroscopic classifications with two mid-infrared diagnostics and find them to be in broad agreement. We also construct the radio luminosity function for star-forming galaxies to z = 0.5 and for AGN to z = 0.8. The radio luminosity function for star-forming galaxies appears to be in good agreement with previous studies. The radio luminosity function for AGN appears higher than previous studies of the local AGN radio luminosity function. We explore the possibility of evolution, cosmic variance and classification techniques affecting the AGN radio luminosity function. ATLAS is a pathfinder for the forthcoming Evolution Map of the Universe (EMU) survey and the data presented in this paper will be used to guide EMU's survey design and early science papers.
Running Head : Emotion in Face in the Crowd 1 The Effects of the Emotional State of an Observer in the Face in the Crowd Paradigm

The face in the crowd paradigm refers to a particular visual search task in which participants are asked to identify target facial expressions in a crowd of distractors. Previous research in this vein has suggested performance is enhanced for angry faces, an anger-superiority effect. There is however disagreement in many of these findings, and this disagreement may partly be explained by a failure to recognize the role of observer mood, response bias, and discrimination ability in the paradigm. The present study used a face in the crowd visual search task and assessed participant mood state using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. We hypothesized that mood state would be congruent to facial expressions most efficiently perceived. Multivariate analyses of variance showed instead that positive mood is associated with faster response times in emotional crowds, and negative mood is associated with faster response times in neutral crowds. A strong “no target present” response bias was also associated with neutral crowds, and this response was exacerbated by negative mood. These results suggest that mood does play an important role in visual search, one that may explain contradictory findings in the previous literature. EMOTION IN FACE IN THE CROWD 3
A qualitative investigation of prospective teachers’ hopes, their sources, and motivational forces

This grounded theory study examined prospective teachers’ (PTs) dispositional hopes, teaching-specific hopes, their sources, and motivational force of teaching-specific hopes. A total of 41 PTs enrolled on different teacher education programmes voluntarily participated in the semi-structured interviews. Findings showed that PTs’ dispositional hopes revolved around an active/passive axis, and originated from internal, external, and combined sources. Teaching-specific hopes were explained through five categories: relationships with others, teaching, student achievement, student motivation, and student development. Regardless of axis or source, teaching-specific hopes had a substantial motivational force on PTs’ preparation toward their future careers. The current study urges teacher educators and policy-makers to consider PTs’ teaching-specific hopes together with their motivational roles in preparing them for their future careers.
Hearing Preservation and Facial Nerve Outcomes in Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery: Results Using the Middle Cranial Fossa Approach

Objective: To evaluate surgical results using the middle cranial fossa approach for hearing preservation vestibular schwannoma surgery. Study Design: Retrospective case review. Setting: Tertiary referral academic center. Patients: Seventy-three consecutive patients with vestibular schwannoma operated on using the middle cranial fossa approach between February 1999 and February 2005. Interventions: The tumors were removed via the middle cranial fossa approach with modifications to improve exposure. Standard auditory brainstem and facial nerve monitoring were used. Main Outcome Measures: Pre- and postoperative hearing measures and facial function, tumor size, and postoperative complications. Hearing status was categorized into Classes A, B, C, and D as described by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Heck Surgery “Guidelines for the Evaluation of Hearing Preservation in Acoustic Neuroma, 1995. ” Results: Thirty-four patients presented with Class A hearing preoperatively. Among patients presenting with Class A hearing, a total of 27 (80%) maintained Class A or B hearing postoperatively. Of these, 21 (62%) remained in Class A, 6 (18%) deteriorated slightly to Class B, and 7 (20%) deteriorated to Class D postoperatively. Twenty-eight patients presented with Class B hearing preoperatively. Of these, 18 (64%) remained in Class B, 3 (11%) deteriorated to Class C, and 7 (25%) deteriorated to Class D. Three patients had Class C hearing preoperatively. Of these, 2 (66%) remained in Class C and 1 (33%) deteriorated to Class D. Eight patients presented in Class D and one of these improved to Class C postoperatively. Overall, 62 patients presented with useful (Class A or B) hearing and 45 (73%) remained in Class A or B. Nineteen patients had tumors larger than 10 mm in greatest dimension and had Class A or B hearing preoperatively. Of these, 11 (58%) retained Class A or B hearing postoperatively. At 4 months or greater follow-up, facial nerve outcome were excellent in 96%: House-Brackmann Grade I in 61 (85%), Grade II in 8 (11%), and Grade III in 3 (4%). There were no Grade IV, V, or VI results on final follow-up. Six (8%) patients developed cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Conclusion: By achieving excellent exposure and using meticulous microsurgical technique, it is possible to resect small vestibular schwannomas via the middle fossa approach, with preservation of hearing at excellent or preoperative levels in the majority of patients, with excellent or satisfactory facial nerve outcomes in 96% of patients.
Comparison of Neointimal Tissue Characteristics Between Bare-metal and Second-generation Drug-eluting Stents Nine Months after Implantation in Patients with ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Background: Neointimal tissue characteristics after implantation of stents are related to late/ very late stent thrombosis and/ or restenosis of target lesion. However, the difference of them has not been fully elucidated among bare-metal stents (BMS) and second-generation drug-eluting stents (DES). Methods: The present study uses optical coherence tomography (OCT) to compare neointimal tissue characteristics among BMS (n = 22), Endeavor zotarolimus - (E-ZES; n = 21), everolimus - (EES; n = 22) and biolimus A9 - (BES; n = 23) eluting stents in the patients with STEMI who underwent follow-up coronary angiography at nine months after stent implantation. Results: Quantitative coronary angiography revealed significantly higher restenosis rates for BMS and E-ZES than EES and BES. OCT showed significantly lower and higher rates for covered and uncovered EES, respectively, than for BMS and E-ZES. The malapposition rate for E-ZES was significantly lower than those of other two types of DES. The neointima of EES and BES was significantly thinner than that of BMS and E-ZES. Evagination was more prevalent in BES among the four stents, and the rate of evagination/strut significantly correlated with positive remodeling (r = 0.312, p = 0.006). Conclusion: Neointimal tissue characteristics were different among BMS and second-generation DES at nine months after implantation into patients with STEMI. This might be related to the differences of future cardiac events.
Sexual function and male cancer

Quality of life in general and sexual functioning in particular have become very important in cancer patients. Biological factors such as anatomic alterations, physiological changes and secondary effect of medical interventions may preclude normal sexual functioning even when sexual desire is intact. In spite of modern surgical techniques, improved chemotherapeutical drugs and sophisticated radiation techniques, still many patients complain of impaired sexual function after cancer treatment. A large number of instruments already exist to assess quality of life in cancer patients. It is important to standardize procedures and to use validated questionnaires. Collecting data on an ongoing basis before and long after treatment is mandatory, and control groups must be used. Patients should be offered sexual counselling and informed about the availability of therapies for sexual dysfunctions. In this paper we review the topic of sexual functioning after treatment (predominantly after radiotherapy) of the most common malignancies in men and give suggestions for treatment.
Use of a Bit-true Data Flow Analysis for Processor-Specific Source Code Optimization

Nowadays, key characteristics of a processor's instruction set are only exploited in high-level languages by using inline assembly or compiler intrinsics. Inserting intrinsics into the source code is up to the programmer, since only few automatic approaches exist. Additionally, these approaches base on simple code pattern matching strategies. This paper presents techniques for processor-specific code analysis and optimization at the source-level. It is shown how a bit-true dataflow analysis is made applicable for source code analysis for the TI C6x DSPs for the very first time. Based on this bit-true analysis, fully automated optimizations superior to conventional pattern matching techniques are presented which optimize saturated arithmetic, reduce bitwidths of variables and exploit SIMD data processing within source codes. The application of our implemented algorithms to complex real-life codes leads to speed-ups between 33%-48% for the optimization of saturated arithmetic, and up to 16% after SIMD optimization
Opus: University of Bath Online Publication Store Differential Effects of D-cycloserine and Acbc at Nmda Receptors in the Rat Entorhinal Cortex Are Related to Efficacy at the Co-agonist Binding Site

(2015) Differential effects of D-cycloserine and ACBC at NMDA receptors in the rat entorhinal cortex are related to efficacy at the co-agonist binding site. PLoS This version is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Abstract Partial agonists at the NMDA receptor co-agonist binding site may have potential therapeutic efficacy in a number of cognitive and neurological conditions. The entorhinal cortex is a key brain area in spatial memory and cognitive processing. At synapses in the entorhinal cortex, NMDA receptors not only mediate postsynaptic excitation but are expressed in presynaptic terminals where they tonically facilitate glutamate release. In a previous study we showed that the co-agonist binding site of the presynaptic NMDA receptor is endoge-nously and tonically activated by D-serine released from astrocytes. In this study we determined the effects of two co-agonist site partial agonists on both presynaptic and post-synaptic NMDA receptors in layer II of the entorhinal cortex. The high efficacy partial ago-nist, D-cycloserine, decreased the decay time of postsynaptic NMDA receptor mediated currents evoked by electrical stimulation, but had no effect on amplitude or other kinetic parameters. In contrast, a lower efficacy partial agonist, 1-aminocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid, decreased decay time to a greater extent than D-cycloserine, and also reduced the peak amplitude of the evoked NMDA receptor mediated postsynaptic responses. Presynap-tic NMDA receptors, (monitored indirectly by effects on the frequency of AMPA receptor mediated spontaneous excitatory currents) were unaffected by D-cycloserine, but were reduced in effectiveness by 1-aminocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid. We discuss these results in the context of the effect of endogenous regulation of the NMDA receptor co-ago-nist site on receptor gating and the potential therapeutic implications for cognitive disorders.
Dirac fermions in antiferromagnetic FeSn kagome lattices with combined space inversion and time-reversal symmetry

The authors demonstrate experimentally the existence of theoretically predicted antiferromagnetic Dirac states in the kagome compound FeSn, where the $P$ and $T$ symmetries are individually broken but the combined $P\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}T$ symmetry is present. Moreover, their theoretical analysis reveals that, due to the salient antiferromagnetic structure, the Dirac fermions can be transformed into either massless/massive Weyl or massive Dirac fermions via symmetry manipulation, and the study does report the experimental observation of Weyl-like cones at the surface driven by $P\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}T$ symmetry breaking that is induced by the Stark effect.
Identifying Reservoirs of Infection: A Conceptual and Practical Challenge

Many infectious agents, especially those that cause emerging diseases, infect more than one host species. Managing reservoirs of multihost pathogens often plays a crucial role in effective disease control. However, reservoirs remain variously and loosely defined. We propose that reservoirs can only be understood with reference to defined target populations. Therefore, we define a reservoir as one or more epidemiologically connected populations or environments in which the pathogen can be permanently maintained and from which infection is transmitted to the defined target population. Existence of a reservoir is confirmed when infection within the target population cannot be sustained after all transmission between target and nontarget populations has been eliminated. When disease can be controlled solely by interventions within target populations, little knowledge of potentially complex reservoir infection dynamics is necessary for effective control. We discuss the practical value of different approaches that may be used to identify reservoirs in the field.
Young Adults’ Attachment Orientations and Psychological Health Across Cultures: The Moderating Role of Individualism and Collectivism

Claims that adult attachment differences across cultures are associated with individual differences in individualism and collectivism have seldom been evaluated. This study investigates how individualism and collectivism may relate to adult attachment orientations (anxiety and avoidance) and whether they moderate the attachment–psychological health link. In samples of young adults from Western (Australians, n = 143) and Eastern (Singaporeans, n = 146) locations, individual differences in individualism and collectivism were significantly associated with attachment avoidance but not anxiety. As predicted, attachment anxiety predicted worse negative symptoms more strongly among individuals higher in collectivism across cultures. However, individualism and collectivism did not moderate the relation between avoidance and negative symptoms. Results suggest there are other factors leading to the differential moderating effect of individualism and collectivism in the attachment–wellbeing link across cultures. The current study highlights the need to look beyond cultural stereotypes in clinical practice.
Applying the Communal Goal Congruity Perspective to Enhance Diversity and Inclusion in Undergraduate Computing Degrees

The lack of diversity in the tech industry is a widely remarked phenomenon. The majority of workers in tech roles are either white or Asian men, with all other groups being under-represented. Some authors point to cultural factors influencing self-efficacy, leading to a lack of diversity at the start of the "pipeline" of IT talent. Others point to toxic workplace culture that can lead skilled tech workers to drop out of the industry. While these effects are very real and important, this paper focuses on a third concept contributing to lack of diversity, communal goal congruity. We present a growing body of evidence suggesting that working with others, and in the service of others, are important career goals that many believe tech careers lack. We describe prior work that shows that these beliefs also have a significant impact on the pipeline of tech talent. We then report on the first pieces of data out of the first long-term intervention designed with this communal goal congruity perspective in mind. We have created a cohort-based service-learning program in computer science, computer engineering, electrical engineering, and software engineering. The result is a program with 26.3% women and 31.6% African American and/or Hispanic students, including 15.8% African American and/or Hispanic women, at an institution that has never previously seen this level of diversity in its computing majors.