Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Editing Unfit Questions in Q&amp;amp;A

Community editing is an effective tool for improving contributions in peer production communities like Wikipedia and question-answer (Q&A) communities. However, the mechanisms behind who edits and why is not well understood. Previous studies have focused on the effectiveness of editing and emergent hierarchies in editing communities. What is unknown is how editing is executed in a system that contains gamified motivations for contributing edits. In this paper, we examine participants editing unfit questions on Stack Overflow (SO), a large computer programming Q&A community. The combination of SO's community and reputation system with the dynamics of unfit questions allows us to examine how different actors behave. We find that early edits come from high-reputation users who do not participate as a questioner or answerer, indicating that these users work to retain certain questions. These results suggest that high-reputation user actions can be used to identify bad questions that have archival quality.
An Interactive Approach for Synthesizing UML Statechart Diagrams from Sequence Diagrams

Minimally Adequate Synthesizer (MAS) is an interactive algorithm that synthesizes UML statechart diagrams from sequence diagrams. It follows Angluin’s framework of minimally adequate teacher to infer the desired statechart diagram by consulting the user. To minimize the consultations needed, MAS keeps track of the interaction with the user. Together with its general knowledge about sequence diagrams, this allows MAS to operate without user’s help in most of the cases. A synthesized statechart diagram is a generalization, which accepts additional behavior to that described in the sequence diagrams given as input. During the synthesis process MAS asks the user if certain generalizations are allowed or not. We sketch the usage of two different kinds of inaccurate answers the user can provide. We allow Probably yes and Probably no answers, i.e. weak Yes and No answers. The information obtained from these answers is considered less significant than that obtained from normal, definite answers. The user can also postpone answering by saying later.
LATENT INHIBITION AND PSYCHOMETRICALLY DEFINED SCHIZOTYPY:AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION

The review of the literature suggests that the interpretation of the disruption of latent inhibition within the schizophrenia continuum remains elusive due to a number of methodological and theoretical problems. This thesis adopted a personality-based approach to experimental psychopathology testing alternative interpretations of latent inhibition deficits as a function of psychotic-like features in non-clinical participants. Results from 12 Experiments are discussed in terms of a two-component (attentional + associative) model of latent inhibition deficits.
Necrosis and apoptosis after retinal ischemia: involvement of NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity and p53.

PURPOSE Accumulated evidence has shown that apoptosis and necrosis contribute to neuronal death after ischemia. The present study was performed to study the temporal and spatial patterns of neuronal necrosis and apoptosis after ischemia in retina and to outline mechanisms underlying necrosis and apoptosis. METHODS Retinal ischemia was induced by increasing intraocular pressure to a range of 160 mm Hg to 180 mm Hg for 90 minutes in adult rats. The patterns of neuronal cell death were determined using light and electron microscopy and were visualized by TdT-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). The mRNA expression profile of p53 was examined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization histochemistry. Immunohistochemistry was performed using anti-p53, anti-microtubule associated protein-2, and anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein antibodies. RESULTS Within 4 hours after ischemia, neurons in the inner nuclear cell layer (INL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) underwent marked necrosis, made apparent by swelling of the cell body and mitochondria, early fenestration of the plasma membrane, and irregularly scattered condensation of nuclear chromatin. After 3 days, the INL and GCL neurons showed further degeneration through apoptosis marked by cell body shrinkage, aggregation, and condensation of nuclear chromatin. Apoptotic neurons were also observed sparsely in the outer nuclear cell layer. Intravitreal injections of MK-801 prevented early neuronal degeneration after ischemia. Of note, mRNA and protein levels of p53, the tumor suppressor gene known to induce apoptosis, were increased in the retinal areas undergoing apoptosis 1 to 3 days after ischemic injury. CONCLUSIONS Ischemia produces the N-methyl-D-aspartate-mediated necrosis and slowly evolving apoptosis of neurons in the retina. The latter may depend on the expression of the p53 proapoptosis gene.
Power Allocation for Multi-Pair Massive MIMO Two-Way AF Relaying With Linear Processing

In this paper, we consider a multi-pair two-way amplify-and-forward relaying system where multiple sources exchange information via a relay node equipped with large-scale antenna arrays. Given that channel estimation is non-ideal, and that the relay employs either maximum-ratio combining/maximum-ratio transmission (MRC/MRT) or zero-forcing reception/zero-forcing transmission (ZFR/ZFT) beamforming, we derive two corresponding closed-form lower bound expressions for the ergodic achievable rate of each pair sources. The closed-form expressions enable us to design an optimal power allocation (OPA) scheme that maximizes the sum spectral efficiency under certain practical constraints. As the antenna array size tends to infinity and the signal-to-noise ratios become very large, asymptotically OPA schemes in simple closed-form are derived. The capacity lower bounds are verified to be accurate predictors of the system performance by simulations, and the proposed OPA outperforms equal power allocation (EPA). It is also found that in the asymptotic regime, when MRC/MRT is used at the relay and the link end-to-end large-scale fading factors among all pairs are equal, the optimal power allocated to a user is inverse to the large-scale fading factor of the channel from the user to the relay, while OPA approaches EPA when ZFR/ZFT is adopted.
A Case Study of a Christian Alternative School

The purpose of this case study was to understand the decisions and life choices of students who attended East Coast Christian Alternative School (ECCAS; pseudonym). An alternative school is generally defined as a school set aside for students who are at-risk of failing (Foley & Pang, 2006). ECCAS is a Christian educational setting designed to accommodate educational, behavioral, spiritual, and medical needs of students which cannot be addressed in a traditional school setting as prescribed by local and school officials which includes the participants of the study. The theories guiding this study are Bronfenbrenner’s (1994) ecological systems theory in that a child’s development is based on a system of layers with their environment and the social cognitive theory by Bandura (2001) as it pertains to keeping the student in a social and educational atmosphere rather than removing the student entirely from a school setting. The school’s population ranges from 7 to 15 students per semester and includes both genders. The grade level ranges from middle school to twelfth grade. A criterion sample was selected, and the information gleaned represents themes from five nested studies of the participants based on synthesized information and themes from students, parents, teachers and administrators. The question guiding this case study is, how does a Christian alternative school influence the lives of students attending the program? Three areas of the student’s life were studied: spiritual, social, and academic. This information will be used to help future alternative schools. You will see in chapters four and five that a Christ-centered approach to education in the alternative school led to restoration and ultimately made a significant difference in the lives of each of the participants. keywords: alternative school, suspension, expulsion, nested case, social cognitive, Christian Education
Detecting gravitomagnetism with rotation of polarization by a gravitational lens

We discuss the effects of an isolated gravitational lens on the rotation of the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light rays, so-called gravitational Faraday rotation, in metric theories of gravity. By applying the thin-lens approximation, we derive simple expressions for extended, rotating astrophysical systems deflecting electromagnetic radiation from background sources. Higher-order corrections and the case of a Kerr black hole are also considered to show how the rotation of polarization is a purely gravitomagnetic effect. Prospects for future detection of gravitational Faraday rotation are examined.
Clustering-Based Topology Generation Approach for Application-Specific Network on Chip

—In this paper, we present a clustering-based topology generation approach to construct the Network on Chip (NoC) topology for given applications such that the network communication power consumption and resource costs are minimized. The approach consists of four phases and constructs custom irregular NoC topology with design constraints, according to the communication requirements of the given application and characteristics of the router architectures. Especially, a recursion based link construction algorithm embedded in the topology generation is proposed to construct links between routers. The evaluation performed on various multimedia benchmark applications confirms the efficiency of the proposed approach. Experimental results show that the approach saves 61.5% of power consumption on average in comparison with using regular Mesh topology, and achieves significant network resources improvement. The approach also performs well for two multimedia applications compared to existing algorithms.
A novel image importance model for content-aware image resizing

This paper presents a novel method for adaptively resizing a given image to fit the dimensions of arbitrary displays. For the success of this content-aware image resizing, the image importance model needs to be carefully defined since it guides further resizing procedures. In our work, we focus on the excellence of the local dominance for measuring the image importance in a sense of human visual perception, which tends to strongly respond to the dominant structure in a local region. In contrast to most previous approaches not allowing for underlying image structure, the proposed model effectively represents the spatial contexts, which are indeed salient regions, even under severe distortion. The proposed method has been extensively tested and the results show that the proposed scheme is more effective for the image resizing when compared to various state-of-the-art methods.
MEAT QUALITY OF RABBITS OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPES REARED IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

The trial was carried out in order to study the rabbit meat quality of 85 day-old subjects in relation to genotype and temperatura. New Zealand White {NZW), Grimaud (G) and Provisal (P) rabbits and rearing temperaturas of 20 (Tñennoneutrality=TN) and 28•c (Heat stress=HS) were comparad. The pH of muscles of the intermediate and hind parta of the carcass did not changed either in relation to genotype or temperatura, but the colour was affected (P<0.01) both by bread and environment. Genotype and experimental temperaturas did not influenced the meafs water, protein and lipid content and cholesterol, sodium and potassium levels. P lipids presentad higher (P<0.01) monounsaturated fatty acids (36.88 vs 35.02%) than NZW and G ones. The rearing at 28•c increased (P<0.01) e 14:0 (3.99 vs 3.59%), e 16:0 (33.38 vs 31.43%) and decreased (P<0.01) C 18:2 {16.99 vs 18.82%). The stressed rabbits presentad intramuscular lipids with a higher (P<0.01) content of saturated fatty acids (47.11 vs 44.37%) anda lower (P<0.01) polyunsaturated fatty acid content (18.05 vs 20.22%) and lodine value {63.41 vs 69.33); the PCLIPCE ratio was higher (P<0.01) in TN rabbit meat (1.07 VS 0.95).
Fishers' experiences and perceptions of marine mammals in the South China Sea: Insights for improving community‐based conservation

The successful conservation of marine mammals is often dependent upon support from local fishing communities, and valuable conservation insights can be obtained through understanding fishers’ attitudes and awareness of marine mammals. A new local ecological knowledge dataset was obtained through large‐scale questionnaire‐based interviews with 510 artisanal fishers from 16 coastal fishing communities around Hainan, China. Almost all respondents (92.7%) reported regular encounters with marine mammals. Many respondents reported negative interactions with marine mammals, including bycatch (25.5%), consumption (36.1%), and the sale of meat (9.2%), and respondent perceptions of marine mammals were often negative. Generalized linear models (GLMs) indicated that respondent experiences of marine mammal encounters and bycatch events were mainly predicted by indices of fishing effort and experience, rather than by geographic or socio‐economic factors. Respondent experiences of eating or selling marine mammal meat were predicted by geographic location and by some livelihood and socio‐economic factors. Respondent perceptions of marine mammals were instead predicted by fishing experience and education level. Classification and regression trees (CARTs) showed that the most important factors determining respondent experiences and perceptions were number of fishing years and educational level, respectively. Both GLMs and CARTs indicated the complex effects of geographic, livelihood, and socio‐economic factors on respondent experiences and perceptions of marine mammals. Regional community‐based conservation of marine mammals could be promoted through improved regulatory management and environmental education, sustainable ecological exploitation and economic development, and positive partnerships and collaboration between fishing communities, enforcement agencies, and researchers.
GRIM-19 Restricts HCV Replication by Attenuating Intracellular Lipid Accumulation

Gene-associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality 19 (GRIM-19) targets multiple signaling pathways involved in cell death and growth. However, the role of GRIM-19 in the pathogenesis of hepatitis virus infections remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the restrictive effects of GRIM-19 on the replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV). We found that GRIM-19 protein levels were reduced in HCV-infected Huh7 cells and Huh7 cells harboring HCV replicons. Moreover, ectopically expressed GRIM-19 caused a reduction in both intracellular viral RNA levels and secreted viruses in HCVcc-infected cell cultures. The restrictive effect on HCV replication was restored by treatment with siRNA against GRIM-19. Interestingly, GRIM-19 overexpression did not alter the level of phosphorylated STAT3 or its subcellular distribution. Strikingly, forced expression of GRIM-19 attenuated an increase in intracellular lipid droplets after oleic acid (OA) treatment or HCVcc infection. GRIM-19 overexpression abrogated fatty acid-induced upregulation of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1 (SREBP-1c), resulting in attenuated expression of its target genes such as fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC). Treatment with OA or overexpression of SREBP-1c in GRIM-19-expressing, HCVcc-infected cells restored HCV replication. Our results suggest that GRIM-19 interferes with HCV replication by attenuating intracellular lipid accumulation and therefore is an anti-viral host factor that could be a promising target for HCV treatment.
Easy Victories and Uphill Battles in Coreference Resolution

Classical coreference systems encode various syntactic, discourse, and semantic phenomena explicitly, using heterogenous features computed from hand-crafted heuristics. In contrast, we present a state-of-the-art coreference system that captures such phenomena implicitly, with a small number of homogeneous feature templates examining shallow properties of mentions. Surprisingly, our features are actually more effective than the corresponding hand-engineered ones at modeling these key linguistic phenomena, allowing us to win “easy victories” without crafted heuristics. These features are successful on syntax and discourse; however, they do not model semantic compatibility well, nor do we see gains from experiments with shallow semantic features from the literature, suggesting that this approach to semantics is an “uphill battle. ” Nonetheless, our final system 1 outperforms the Stanford system (Lee et al. (2011), the winner of the CoNLL 2011 shared task) by 3.5% absolute on the CoNLL metric and outperforms the IMS system (Bj¨ orkelund and Farkas (2012), the best publicly available English coreference system) by 1.9% absolute.
Virtues and Obstacles of Hardware-assisted Multi-processor Execution Replay

The trend towards multi-core processors has spurred a renewed interest in developing parallel programs. Parallel applications exhibit non-deterministic behavior across runs, primarily due to the changing inter-leaving of shared-memory accesses from run to run. The non-deterministic nature of these programs lead to many problems, which will be described in this paper. In order to get a handle on the non-determinism, techniques to record and replay these programs have been proposed. These allow capturing the non-determinism and repeat the execution of a program, hence enabling better understanding and eliminating problems due to non-determinism. In this paper, we argue that an eﬃcient record and replay (R&R) system must be assisted by hardware support. However, adding support for R&R in hardware requires strong justiﬁcation, in terms of added value to the processor. Up until now, debugging has been the primary motivation used by previous work. We argue that stronger usage models are required to justify the cost of adding hardware support for R&R. Hence the ﬁrst contribution of this paper are additional usage models (the virtues of R&R) and how we think they will add value to future micro-processors. We think the current lack of focus on wider and more applicable usage models is an obstacle for its adoption. The other obstacle for implementation of hardware-assisted R&R is that some complexities of such endeavor have not been addressed and studied properly. Current research approaches have shortcomings that prevent them from becoming an implementable feature. In this paper, we also identify those shortcomings and indicate research directions to bridge the gap between the research and a product implementation.
Lower Prevalence of Carotid Plaque Hemorrhage in Women, and Its Mediator Effect on Sex Differences in Recurrent Cerebrovascular Events

Background and Purpose Women are at lower risk of stroke, and appear to benefit less from carotid endarterectomy (CEA) than men. We hypothesised that this is due to more benign carotid disease in women mediating a lower risk of recurrent cerebrovascular events. To test this, we investigated sex differences in the prevalence of MRI detectable plaque hemorrhage (MRI PH) as an index of plaque instability, and secondly whether MRI PH mediates sex differences in the rate of cerebrovascular recurrence. Methods Prevalence of PH between sexes was analysed in a single centre pooled cohort of 176 patients with recently symptomatic, significant carotid stenosis (106 severe [≥70%], 70 moderate [50–69%]) who underwent prospective carotid MRI scanning for identification of MRI PH. Further, a meta-analysis of published evidence was undertaken. Recurrent events were noted during clinical follow up for survival analysis. Results Women with symptomatic carotid stenosis (50%≥) were less likely to have plaque hemorrhage (PH) than men (46% vs. 70%) with an adjusted OR of 0.23 [95% CI 0.10–0.50, P<0.0001] controlling for other known vascular risk factors. This negative association was only significant for the severe stenosis subgroup (adjusted OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.067–0.50) not the moderate degree stenosis. Female sex in this subgroup also predicted a longer time to recurrent cerebral ischemic events (HR 0.38 95% CI 0.15–0.98, P = 0.045). Further addition of MRI PH or smoking abolished the sex effects with only MRI PH exerting a direct effect. Meta-analysis confirmed a protective effect of female sex on development of PH: unadjusted OR for presence of PH = 0.54 (95% CI 0.45–0.67, p<0.00001). Conclusions MRI PH is significantly less prevalent in women. Women with MRI PH and severe stenosis have a similar risk as men for recurrent cerebrovascular events. MRI PH thus allows overcoming the sex bias in selection for CEA.
Maximizing Constructivist Learning From Multimedia Communications by Minimizing Cognitive Load

Students viewed an animation depicting either the process of lightning formation or how car brakes work and listened to a corresponding narration describing the steps. The entire animation and narration were presented at the same time (concurrent), the entire narration was presented before or after the entire animation (successive large bites), or short portions of the narration were presented before or after corresponding short portions of the animation for each successive portion of the presentation (successive small bites). Overall, the concurrent and successive small bites groups performed significantly better than the successive large bites groups on remembering the explanation in words (retention), generating solutions to transfer problems (transfer), and selecting verbal labels for elements in a line drawing (matching), but they did not differ significantly from each other. Results are consistent with a dual-process model of working memory in which learners are more likely to construct connections between words and corresponding pictures when they are held in working memory at the same time. The purpose of this research is to examine theory-based design principles for promoting constructivist learning in multimedia environments. To address this goal, it is necessary to clarify what is meant by multimedia environments, constructivist learning, and theory-based design principles, and to specify predictions concerning ways of designing multimedia environments for constructivist learning.
Preclinical evaluation of recombinant human IFNα2b-containing magnetoliposomes for treating hepatocellular carcinoma

Magnetoliposomes are phospholipid vesicles encapsulating magnetic nanoparticles that can be used to encapsulate therapeutic drugs for delivery into specific organs. Herein, we developed magnetoliposomes containing recombinant human IFNα2b, designated as MIL, and evaluated this combination’s biological safety and therapeutic effect on both cellular and animal hepatocellular carcinoma models. Our data showed that MIL neither hemolyzed erythrocytes nor affected platelet-aggregation rates in blood. Nitroblue tetrazolium-reducing testing showed that MIL did not change the absolute numbers or phagocytic activities of leukocytes. Acute-toxicity testing also showed that MIL had no devastating effect on mice behaviors. All the results indicated that the nanoparticles could be a safe biomaterial. Pharmacokinetic analysis and tissue-distribution studies showed that MIL maintained stable and sustained drug concentrations in target organs under a magnetic field, helped to increase bioavailability, and reduced administration time. MIL also dramatically inhibited the growth of hepatoma cells. Targeting of MIL in the livers of nude mice bearing human hepatocellular carcinoma showed that MIL significantly reduced the tumor size to 38% of that of the control group. Further studies proved that growth inhibition of cells or tumors was due to apoptosis-signaling pathway activation by human IFNα2b.