Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Specificity for Fibroblast Growth Factors Determined by Heparan Sulfate in a Binary Complex with the Receptor Kinase*

A divalent cation-dependent association between heparin or heparan sulfate and the ectodomain of the FGF receptor kinase (FGFR) restricts FGF-independenttrans-phosphorylation and supports the binding of activating FGF to self-associated FGFR. Here we show that in contrast to heparin, cellular heparan sulfate forms a binary complex with FGFR that discriminates between FGF-1 and FGF-2. FGFR type 4 (FGFR4) in liver parenchymal cells binds only FGF-1, whereas FGFR1 binds FGF-1 and FGF-2 equally. Cell-free complexes of heparin and recombinant FGFR4 bound FGF-1 and FGF-2 equally. However, in contrast to FGFR1, when recombinant FGFR4 was expressed back in epithelial cells by transfection, it failed to bind FGF-2 unless heparan sulfate was depressed by chlorate or heparinase treatment. Isolated heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) from liver cells in cell-free complexes with FGFR4 restored the specificity for FGF-1 and supported the binding of both FGF-1 and FGF-2 when complexed with FGFR1. In contrast, FGF-2 bound equally well to complexes of both FGFR1 and FGFR4 formed with endothelial cell-derived HSPG, but the endothelial HSPG was deficient for the binding of FGF-1 to both FGFR complexes. These data suggest that a heparan sulfate subunit is a cell type- and FGFR-specific determinant of the selectivity of the FGFR signaling complex for FGF. In a physiological context, the heparan sulfate subunit may limit the redundancy among the current 18 FGF polypeptides for the 4 known FGFR.
Aphasia Rehabilitation of Auditory Word Comprehension-Impaired Stroke Patients

Auditory word comprehension is the process through which spoken language is heard, interpreted and understood. This ability is impaired when there is damage to specific language areas in brain as a result of stroke. Auditory word comprehension impairment is a disabling sequalae of stroke characterised with semantic and phonological deficits. This review summarises key findings on stroke induced auditory word comprehension deficit and approaches to treatment leading to a new hypothesis of semantic treatment that we term integrated semantic treatment. Integrated semantic treatment offers solution to treatment of auditory word comprehension impairment by manipulation of some neuroscientific principles.
Representations of the intellectual : the 1993 Reith lectures

In this series of essays, based on his 1993 Reith Lectures, Edward Said explores what it means to be an intellectual today. It is, he argues, the intellectual's role to represent a message or view not only to, but for, a public, and to do so as an outsider - someone who cannot be co-opted by a government or corporation. Interweaving literature, history and philosophy, Said describes and demonstrates how the intellectual must remain a dissenter, never putting solidarity before criticism, and speak from the margins for both the people and the issues which are routinely forgotten or ignored.
Non-toxic washing solutions for decreasing myclobutanil, fenhexamid and boscalid residues in sweet pepper and cherry tomatoes.

Four aqueous solutions of 5% sodium carbonate, 5% sodium hypochlorite, 5% glycerol, 5% acetic acid in addition to tap water were evaluated for their removal efficiency of myclobutanil, fenhexamid, boscalid residues from sweet pepper and cherry tomato. The tested crops were treated with the recommended rate of application of myclobutanil, fenhexamid and boscalid. The initial residues of the investigated pesticides before washing treatments in pepper samples were higher than in tomato samples. The tested washing solutions showed similar behaviour in both crops, but the efficiency was slightly different due to the different initial concentration. Tap water was the most effective treatment in reducing myclobutanil residues in pepper and tomato samples but with no significant difference with sodium carbonate, sodium hypochlorite and acetic acid. For fenhexamid, tap water treatment was significantly more efficient in reducing its residues than the other tested washing solutions. The reduction percents of fenhexamid residues by sodium carbonate, sodium hypochlorite and acetic acid were insignificantly different in both crops. Glycerol treatment was significantly the least effective treatment in removal of myclobutanil and fenhexamid residues in both crops. Despite of the seemingly higher efficiency of tap water treatment in removing boscalid residues, statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences between all tested washing solutions in both crops. The residues of the investigated pesticides after pesticide treatments in both crops were generally higher than the MRL but the tested washing solutions showed significant efficiency in removing the residues to be below than the MRL in most cases.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PERFORMANCE SCALE IQ'S AND SUBTEST SCORES OF DEAF CHILDREN ON THE WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALE FOR CHILDREN AND THE WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALE FOR CHILDREN-REVISED

This study was conducted to compare the Performance Scale 1Q. 's and Performance subtest scaled scores of deaf children who had been tested on the Wechsler Intel l igence Scale for Children (WISC) and the Wechsler Intel l igence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R). The study investigated whether the original test (WISC) and i ts revision (WISC-R) would show signif icant differences between the Performance Scale IQ's and Performance subtest scaled scores when both tests were given to the same group of deaf children. All 73 subjects were students in one of three state residential schools for the deaf located in California, Arizona and Colorado. The research group was hi boys and 31 gir ls with ages ranging from ten through f i f teen. Children were selected as subjects i f they had been tested with either a WISC or WISC-R longer than four months prior to but less than two years before the t ime of the present investigation. Depending on which test (WISC or WISC-R) was reported in the child's psychometric f i le, he was given the other test for the comparative purpose of this study. Sixty-six children had previous testing with the WISC-R and, therefore, were administered the WISC; seven children had had the WISC and were given the WISC-R. Mean differences in the IQ's and subtest scaled scores between the two tests were analyzed by t-tests to detect signif icant differences between scores.
Leaders’ Trustworthiness and the Mediating role of Autonomy in Predicting Employee Performance and Turnover Intentions

The present study combined self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985) and trust theory (Mayer, Davis & Schoorman, 1995) in order to investigate the mechanisms underlying the relationships between leader trustworthiness (ability, benevolence, integrity; IV) and both performance (proficiency, adaptivity, proactivity; DV) and turnover intentions (DV) in part-time subordinates. A total of 350 (females = 196) part-time employees participated in this study. Participants completed a single online measure of leader trustworthiness, basic need satisfaction, individual performance and turnover intentions. Regression analyses demonstrated that both leader ability and benevolence significantly predicted the satisfaction of subordinates’ need for autonomy but not for competence or relatedness. Based on these findings, only the need for autonomy was considered in the examination of subordinate performance and turnover intentions. There was a significant indirect effect of both leader ability and benevolence on subordinate proficiency as well as proactivity. Finally, there was a mediated effect of leader ability on subordinate turnover intentions as well as an indirect effect of leader benevolence. The results address a disparity in the research investigating the role of leaders on subordinates’ performance and turnover intentions as well as contribute a rich theoretical framework for future research. The practical implications for both training and selection practices are discussed.
Source apportionment of trace contaminants in urban sewer catchments

Sampling and analysis of Water Framework Directive priority chemicals were undertaken in nine urban catchments across the UK. Over 9000 samples were collected from a number of different catchment sources including tap water, domestic waste water, surface water runoff, trade discharges, town centre and light industrial estate wastewaters. Determinands included trace metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), persistent organic pollutants and a number of common pharmaceuticals. Loads of the chemicals from each catchment entering the local wastewater treatment works (WwTW) were estimated and were shown to be relatively consistent between different catchments, after taking population into account. A Monte Carlo mixing model was used to combine the concentrations and flows from the different catchment sources and to predict concentrations and loads entering the WwTW. Based on the model output, the significance of the different sources could be evaluated. The study highlighted the importance of domestic wastewater as a source of contaminants, including metals and trace organic substances (such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), bisphenol A, nonylphenol and tributyl tin (TBT)). Concentrations in trade discharges were important in some locations in the case of nonylphenol, EDTA, TBT, as well as for some metals such as copper, zinc and nickel. Contributions to the total load from town centre and light industrial estate sources were generally less than 10% of the total.
Instability of the lumbar spine.

It is convenient to divide the spectrum of clinical manifestation of degenerative change seen in the lumbar spine into three stages: ( 1 ) temporary dysfunction; (2) unstable phase; and ( 3 ) stabilization. The duration of each stage varies greatly and there is no clear-cut division between the clinical signs and symptoms of one stage and the next. However, it is important to maintain an overall perspective and, within this frame, attempt to delineate the condition or groups of conditions often referred to as instability.
Omission Learning after Instrumental Pretraining

Hungry rats were pretrained to press two levers on a concurrent schedule for food pellets. Following either limited or extended pretraining, presentations of a sucrose solution were programmed on a random time schedule while the animals continued pressing on a concurrent schedule for food pellets. Presses on one of the levers—the omission lever—postponed deliveries of the sucrose solution scheduled to occur within a fixed period of time following the press, whereas presses on the other, control lever had no effect on the random time contingency. The animals pressed less frequently on the omission lever than on the control lever following limited pretraining but failed to discriminate between the two levers following extended pretraining. The insensitivity to the omission contingency produced by extended pretraining was due to either the number of presses performed during the initial training or the number of reinforced presses, rather than the number of reinforcers received. Finally, the insensitivity of performance on the omission lever to sucrose devaluation suggests that adaptation tothis negative contingency was mediated by an inhibitory stimulus-response association.
Low-energy dynamics in N = 2 super QED: Two-loop approximation

The two-loop (Euler-Heisenberg-type) effective action for = 2 supersymmetric QED is computed using the = 1 superspace formulation. The effective action is expressed as a series in supersymmetric extensions of F2n, where n = 2,3,. , with F the field strength. The corresponding coefficients are given by triple proper-time integrals which are evaluated exactly. As a by-product, we demonstrate the appearance of a non-vanishing F4 quantum correction at the two-loop order. The latter result is in conflict with the conclusion of [1] that no such quantum corrections are generated at two loops in generic = 2 SYM theories on the Coulomb branch. We explain a subtle loophole in the relevant consideration of [1] and re-derive the F4 term from harmonic supergraphs.
A Comparative Study of Discriminative Methods for Reranking LVCSR N-Best Hypotheses in Domain Adaptation and Generalization

This paper is an empirical study on the performance of different discriminative approaches to reranking the N-best hypotheses output from a large vocabulary continuous speech recognizer (LVCSR). Four algorithms, namely perceptron, boosting, ranking support vector machine (SVM) and minimum sample risk (MSR), are compared in terms of domain adaptation, generalization and time efficiency. In our experiments on Mandarin dictation speech, we found that for domain adaptation, perceptron performs the best; for generalization, boosting performs the best. The best result on a domain-specific test set is achieved by the perceptron algorithm. A relative character error rate (CER) reduction of 11% over the baseline was obtained. The best result on a general test set is 3.4% CER reduction over the baseline, achieved by the boosting algorithm
Identifying and Assessing Interaction Knowledge, Skills, and Attributes for Future Force Soldiers

Abstract : Developed in response to a U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences (ARI) SBIR request the Army Interpersonal Skills Assessment (AISA) battery consists of five measures designed to evaluate the interpersonal knowledge skills and attributes (KSA) that will be required of Soldiers in the Future Force. As the Army evolves over the coming years Soldiers will be placed in positions that require increasing interaction effectiveness. The goal of the AISA is to gauge the Soldier's aptitude to effectively manage interpersonal interactions and to identify Soldiers who may be well suited for positions where effective interpersonal KSAs may improve performance. In Phase II of this SBIR effort the AISA battery underwent a full development cycle including focus group reviews by senior Non-Commissioned Officers (NCOs) and pilot and field testing with the target population of first term Soldiers. The final activity in the Phase II effort was a concurrent validation where data were collected from 95 Soldiers and their supervisors in an attempt to determine the predictive ability of the AISA battery. The details of the development activities and the results of the validation effort are the subject of this report.
Current Preclinical Models for the Advancement of Translational Bladder Cancer Research

Bladder cancer is a common disease representing the fifth most diagnosed solid tumor in the United States. Despite this, advances in our understanding of the molecular etiology and treatment of bladder cancer have been relatively lacking. This is especially apparent when recent advances in other cancers, such as breast and prostate, are taken into consideration. The field of bladder cancer research is ready and poised for a series of paradigm-shifting discoveries that will greatly impact the way this disease is clinically managed. Future preclinical discoveries with translational potential will require investigators to take full advantage of recent advances in molecular and animal modeling methodologies. We present an overview of current preclinical models and their potential roles in advancing our understanding of this deadly disease and for advancing care. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(2); 121–30. ©2012 AACR.
The Use and Implications of Online Social Networking to the Students: A Literature Review

The purpose of this study is to review the current published researches focusing on the use of online social networking (OSN) particularly on Facebook by the students. The aim of the review is to explore the students’ profile of OSN activities and the use implications of OSN to the students. The conducted review covers the previous empirical researches which is divided into the following themes: (a) Students’ usage profile; (b) Students’ attitudes towards OSN; and (c) Implications of OSN use to the student. The conclusions overall show that OSN thus far is use mainly by students for social reason and very little intention by students for formal learning. However, there are potential of OSN in helping students in informal learning by improving students’ social abilities which will eventually increase their learning abilities particularly among the passive or quiet student. Despite being important to the students, few possibilities of risks of the OSN to the students are OSN obsessive usage which may affect their educational achievement. Other harmful effects reported due to the use of OSN among the students are immoral related behaviour.
Effects of oxytocin administered during the dry period on the succeeding lactation.

Abstract The possible role of oxytocin released at milking time in causing depressed lactation of cows lacking dry periods was investigated with 14 cows paired on the basis of lactation potential. Milking of all cows ceased at an average of 60 days prepartum. One of each pair was administered twice daily intravenous injections of 5 IU oxytocin throughout the dry period. Oxytocin treatment produced milk let-down and delayed the usual regression of udder size observed in dry cows. After parturition, milk yields of most of the treated cows were below those of their pair mates. The average 22-week production was 2,869 kg for the treated cows and 3,573 kg for the controls, a statistically significant difference (P
Varenicline for treatment of alcohol dependence: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND Alcohol dependence is a devastating illness affecting a large population, and new pharmacological treatments with good efficacy are greatly needed. One potential candidate is varenicline, a smoking cessation agent with partial agonist action at α4 β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. METHODS A total of 160 subjects, 30 to 70 years of age, fulfilling DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence without any serious physical or mental disorders, were recruited through advertisement at 3 university clinics in Sweden during March 2009 to January 2011. After a 2-week placebo run-in period, subjects received 2 mg varenicline daily (titrated from 0.5 mg during first week) or placebo for 12 weeks in a double-blind manner. RESULTS The primary outcome was the proportion of heavy drinking days, measured by self-reported alcohol consumption. Primary and secondary outcomes were calculated as a mean over the 10-week steady-state active treatment period. In the primary outcome analysis, no effect of varenicline over placebo was found (p = 0.73 for the intention to treat [ITT] and 0.92 for per protocol [PP]). Secondary outcome analysis found a significant reduction of specific alcohol marker phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in the blood in the varenicline group compared to placebo (p = 0.02 ITT). Craving (p = 0.048 PP) and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores (p = 0.015 ITT) were also reduced in the active treatment group. PEth more strongly correlated with self-reported alcohol consumption than carbohydrate-deficient ttransferrin and γ-glutamyl transferase, and correlation coefficients were higher in the varenicline group than in the placebo group for all markers. CONCLUSIONS Although the results of the main outcome of this study did not support an effect of varenicline in alcohol-dependent individuals, the secondary analyses of PEth, craving and AUDIT score support an effect of varenicline on alcohol consumption. The disclosure of a treatment effect and the lack of a clear placebo effect when using PEth as outcome variable, together with a nonsymmetric bias associated with self-reported data, strongly argue for using the specific biomarker PEth in studies of treatments of alcohol dependence.
Attitudes toward euthanasia and physician assisted suicide: A survey among medical students, oncology clinicians, and palliative care specialists

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the results of surveys about attitudes toward euthanasia and related issues that was conducted among palliative care specialists, health care professionals of a cancer center, and first- and second-year medical students. Methods: By means of an anonymous questionnaire with different hypothetical scenarios concerning physician assisted suicide (PAS) and related issues, 726 members of the Swiss Association for Palliative Care (SAPC), 148 health care professionals of the Institute of Oncology of Italian speaking Switzerland (IOSI), and 140 medical students of the University of Fribourg, Switzerland, were surveyed. Results: Among palliative care specialists a decreasing number supported PAS, direct active euthanasia (DAE), DAE for psychiatric patients, DAE in incompetent patients, and life terminating acts without explicit request (LAWER). Professionals of the cancer center were more in favor of DAE and PAS than palliative care specialists, but less in favor than medical students. Significance of results: Significant variations among different professionals exist in attitudes toward euthanasia. The hypothesis that familiarity with the care of severely ill and dying patients is an important underlying factor explaining variance has been confirmed by these surveys.
Reading Compliance in a School Psychology Graduate Program

vii Chapter 1 Literature Review 1 Reading Compliance Trends 1 Amount of reading compliance of graduate and undergraduate students . 1 Time allotted to reading and textbooks 2 Reading patterns 3 Why Students Do or Don’t Read 3 Factors motivating students to read 3 Factors deterring students from reading 4 Effect on Performance and Field 5 ` Programs and academic performance 5 Reading as professionals 6 Purpose of the Current Study 7 Hypotheses 8 Hypothesis 1 8 Hypothesis 2 8 Hypothesis 3 8 Chapter 2 Method 9 Participants 9 Instrument 9 Procedure 9 Chapter 3 Results 11 Hypothesis 1 11
The Role of Parents and Teachers in the Success and Failure of Instrumental Learners.

Recent investigations show that the persistent music learner does not achieve levels of competency in isolation. Sloboda and Howe (1991) showed that parents of children who attended a specialist music school sat with their children during their initial practice and lesson times. These children also regarded the personal "warmth " of their first teachers to be a significant influence. The results presented in the current paper develop the previous research by examining the role of parent and teacher in the biographies of young musicians who ranged from pupils at a specialist music school, Children to Children, who had given up music studies. The results confirm the earlier findings that support by both parent and teacher motivates initial music making In addition, over time motivation becomes increasingly intrinsic and self-sustaining The study also shows that the persistent musician is a child who is able to differentiate between "personal" and "professional" qualities of teachers. For the children who give up, there is less earfy parental and teacher support and less ability to differentiate between teacher qualities. With such a clear demonstration of the importance of parental and teacher support, the paper examines the implications of these findings for education.