Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The GREC Main Subject Reference Generation Challenge 2009: Overview and Evaluation Results

The GREC-MSR Task at Generation Challenges 2009 required participating systems to select coreference chains to the main subject of short encyclopaedic texts collected from Wikipedia. Three teams submitted one system each, and we additionally created four baseline systems. Systems were tested automatically using existing intrinsic metrics. We also evaluated systems extrinsically by applying coreference resolution tools to the outputs and measuring the success of the tools. In addition, systems were tested in an intrinsic evaluation involving human judges. This report describes the GREC-MSR Task and the evaluation methods applied, gives brief descriptions of the participating systems, and presents the evaluation results.
Resonance frequency analysis of dental implant stability during the healing period.

PURPOSE The objective of the present study was to measure the implant stability quotient (ISQ) values during the osseointegration period, and determine the factors that affect implant stability. MATERIALS AND METHODS To measure implant stability, resonance frequency analysis (RFA) was performed in 24 patients (12 women, 12 men) with a total 64 Defcon implants (10 anterior maxilla, 12 posterior maxilla, 18 anterior mandible, 24 posterior mandible). Bone type was classified according to the Lekholm and Zarb index (52 type II bone, 12 type III). RFA was used for direct measurement of implant stability on the day of implant placement and consecutively once a week for 8 weeks and at week 10. RESULTS The mean ISQ of all measured implants was 62.6. The lowest mean stability measurement was at 4 weeks for all bone types (60.9). Gender was found to be significant (p<0.05); women showed higher implant stability than men. In relation to location within the dental arch, statistical analysis showed higher ISQ values for anterior implants than posterior fixtures (p<0.05).
Limitations of Imaging with First-Order Diffraction Tomography

In this paper, the results of computer simulations used to determine the domains of applicability of the first-order Born and Rytov approximations in diffraction tomography for cross-sectional (or three-dimensional) imaging of biosystems are shown. These computer simulations were conducted on single cylinders, since in this case analytical expressions are available for the exact scattered fields. The simulations establish the first-order Born approximation to be valid for objects where the product of the relative refractive index and the diameter of the cylinder is less than 0.35 lambda. The first-order Rytov approximation is valid with essentially no constraint on the size of the cylinders; however, the relative refractive index must be less than a few percent. We have also reviewed the assumptions made in the first-order Born and Rytov approximations for diffraction tomography. Further, we have reviewed the derivation of the Fourier Diffraction projection Theorem, which forms the basis of the first-order reconstruction algorithms. We then show how this derivation points to new FFT-based implementations for the higher order diffraction tomography algorithms that are currently being developed.
Social Status and the Desire to Resort to Violence: Using the Example of Uganda's Former Child Soldiers

Committing violent acts can be appealing, fascinating, exciting, and addictive (i.e., appetitive). Cultural settings that accept violence as a means to power and success promote this appetitive form of aggression. Former child soldiers of Uganda with military rank reported committing a greater variety of violent acts compared to those without rank. They experienced aggressive behavior as more positive than both those without rank and controls who had never been involved in armed groups. The relation between the number of individually committed offense types and appetitive aggression is weaker in former child soldiers without rank compared to those with rank. This indicates that the potential for rapid development of appetitive aggression is rewarded with higher social status in war-afflicted communities.
Levels and Demographic Correlates of Adolescent Life Satisfaction Reports

This study assessed the levels and demographic correlates of adolescents' perceptions of their overall life satisfaction and satisfaction with five specific domains of their lives (i.e. family, friends, school, self, living environment). Data were collected from 5545 students in public high schools in South Carolina, USA as part of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey of the Center for Disease Control. Similar to findings in studies of adults, the results revealed that most adolescents reported positive levels of life satisfaction, both with respect to global and domain-specific life satisfaction. Global and family reports were not related to gender, race or grade level. Although not large, some race and gender effects were suggested for the other specific domains. Relative to the other satisfaction domains, these adolescents reported most dissatisfaction with their school experiences. Implications for future research, theory and practice related to adolescent well-being were discussed.
Uncertainty analysis of vegetation distribution in the northern high latitudes during the 21st century with a dynamic vegetation model

This study aims to assess how high-latitude vegetation may respond under various climate scenarios during the 21st century with a focus on analyzing model parameters induced uncertainty and how this uncertainty compares to the uncertainty induced by various climates. The analysis was based on a set of 10,000 Monte Carlo ensemble Lund-Potsdam-Jena (LPJ) simulations for the northern high latitudes (45oN and polewards) for the period 1900–2100. The LPJ Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (LPJ-DGVM) was run under contemporary and future climates from four Special Report Emission Scenarios (SRES), A1FI, A2, B1, and B2, based on the Hadley Centre General Circulation Model (GCM), and six climate scenarios, X901M, X902L, X903H, X904M, X905L, and X906H from the Integrated Global System Model (IGSM) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). In the current dynamic vegetation model, some parameters are more important than others in determining the vegetation distribution. Parameters that control plant carbon uptake and light-use efficiency have the predominant influence on the vegetation distribution of both woody and herbaceous plant functional types. The relative importance of different parameters varies temporally and spatially and is influenced by climate inputs. In addition to climate, these parameters play an important role in determining the vegetation distribution in the region. The parameter-based uncertainties contribute most to the total uncertainty. The current warming conditions lead to a complexity of vegetation responses in the region. Temperate trees will be more sensitive to climate variability, compared with boreal forest trees and C3 perennial grasses. This sensitivity would result in a unanimous northward greenness migration due to anomalous warming in the northern high latitudes. Temporally, boreal needleleaved evergreen plants are projected to decline considerably, and a large portion of C3 perennial grass is projected to disappear by the end of the 21st century. In contrast, the area of temperate trees would increase, especially under the most extreme A1FI scenario. As the warming continues, the northward greenness expansion in the Arctic region could continue.
Operative microwave ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a single center retrospective review of 219 patients.

BACKGROUND Microwave ablation (MWA) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) offers local regional treatment that can be safely and effectively performed, even in patients with advanced liver disease. We update results from our group's previous analysis of operative MWA for HCC. METHODS Retrospective review was performed of all patients who underwent operative MWA for HCC from 2007-2014. Patient demographics, operative characteristics and complications were recorded. Follow up imaging was reviewed to determine rates of complete ablation, local, regional and metastatic recurrence. RESULTS Two hundred and nineteen patients were included with a total of 340 tumors treated with operative MWA. Median tumor size was 3.2 cm (range, 1-6 cm). Cirrhosis was present in 89.5% of patients, 60.7% had hepatitis C, and 8.2% had hepatitis B. Thirty-five point nine percent were Child-Pugh class B/C. Ninety-six point eight percent of MWA procedures were performed laparoscopically. Four deaths occurred within 30 days (1.8%). Clavien-Dindo grade III complications occurred in 3.2% of patients. Complete ablation was identified in 97.1% of tumors, with local recurrence rates of 8.5% at 10.9 months median follow up (0-80 months). Regional recurrence occurred in 34.8% of patients at 10.9 months median follow up and metastatic recurrence was seen in 8.1% of patients. One year overall survival was 80.0% and 2-year survival was 61.5%. CONCLUSIONS We propose that laparoscopic MWA offers a low morbidity approach for treatment of HCC affording low rates of local recurrence even for patients with significant underlying liver dysfunction. This large series offers insight into outcomes of this modality as definitive treatment for patients with HCC.
Credit Scores and Committed Relationships

This paper presents novel evidence on the role of credit scores in the dynamics of committed relationships. We document substantial positive assortative matching with respect to credit scores, even when controlling for other socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. As a result, individual-level differences in access to credit are largely preserved at the household level. Moreover, we find that the couples' average level of and the match quality in credit scores, measured at the time of relationship formation, are highly predictive of subsequent separations. This result arises, in part, because initial credit scores and match quality predict subsequent credit usage and financial distress, which in turn are correlated with relationship dissolution. Credit scores and match quality appear predictive of subsequent separations even beyond these credit channels, suggesting that credit scores reveal an individual's relationship skill and level of commitment. We present ancillary evidence supporting the interpretation of this skill as trustworthiness.
Learned Helplessness and Superstitious Behavior as Opposite Effects of Uncontrollable Reinforcement in Humans

Abstract Learned helplessness and superstition accounts of uncontrollability predict opposite results for subjects exposed to noncontingent reinforcement. Experiment 1 used the instrumental-cognitive triadic design proposed by Hiroto and Seligman (1975) for the testing of learned helplessness in humans, but eliminated the "failure light" that they introduced in their procedure. Results showed that Yoked subjects tend to superstitious behavior and illusion of control during exposure to uncontrollable noise. This, in turn, prevents the development of learned helplessness because uncontrollability is not perceived. In Experiment 2, the failure feedback manipulation was added to the Yoked condition. Results of this experiment replicate previous findings of a proactive interference effect in humans—often characterized as learned helplessness. This effect, however, does not support learned helplessness theory because failure feedback is needed for its development. It is argued that conditions of response-independent reinforcement commonly used in human research do not lead to learned helplessness, but to superstitious behavior and illusion of control. Different conditions could lead to learned helplessness, but the limits between superstition and helplessness have not yet been investigated.
The Effects of Engagement Activities on Pre-Physical Therapy Students Across One Semester of Class

A ctive engagement has been found to maximize learning, enhance personal development, and enrich communication in the classroom. This study examined how participants’ perceptions of engagement – measured by questions from the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) - changed in response to three problem-based learning activities; peer-led workshops, service learning, and journal clubs. Sixty-two undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory class to a career in physical therapy were recruited for three consecutive semesters. Participants were administered a shortened version of the NSSE at the beginning and end of their semester of class. Two NSSE benchmarks - active and collaborative learning and supportive campus environment – were perceived by participants as improved, partially supporting the hypothesis. Participants reported increased engagement in six scalelets (specific subsets of educational experiences) - course challenge, writing, active learning, collaborative learning, diversity, and interpersonal environment . Responses to several scalelets, however, showed a decline in engagement - higher order thinking and information technology. This is the first study to look at changes in NSSE scores across only one semester of class. The study supports problem-based learning, however, recognizes that class design, composition, and instructor may impact student perceptions.
Young Latino Fathers’ Perceptions of Paternal Role and Risk for Hiv/Aids

This study explored young Latino fathers’ feelings about their fathering role and perceptions of risk for HIV. Many teen parents have engaged in activities that place them at risk for exposure to HIV. Compared with young mothers, little is know about teen fathers. Young Latino fathers (N = 45) living in the inner-city participated in focus group interviews; 10 also completed individual interviews. Participants provide an account of the influence of lifelong poverty/social oppression on their worldviews and life choices, describing experiences with community violence, substance abuse, and risky sexual activity. Findings illustrate the profound change that some young men make after becoming fathers, including an understanding of the importance of relationships based on equality. Because of these youths’ ability to make difficult behavioral changes for the sake of their children, young Latino fathers are excellent candidates for intervention programs, such as HIV prevention.
Molecular virology in transfusion medicine laboratory.

and antibody to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc) testing began in the 80s to reduce transmission of non-A, non-B viral hepatitis. Then, the advent of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic and the rapidly following identification of hepatitis C virus (HCV) triggered unprecedented efforts to avoid the transmission of these new blood-borne viruses, and the implementation of antibody assays for both of these agents. To exclude individuals at risk for transmissible viral infection, donor screening process has been developed and implemented that includes the medical history of the candidate donor, a brief physical examination, and serologic testing. The next critical step in reducing viral TTI was achieved with the implementation of NAT technology 2 . Rapid progress and constant improvements in nucleic acid amplification technologies resulted in an unprecedented technological turning point in the molecular diagnostic and characterisation of viral infections. NAT combines the advantages of direct and highly sequence-specific detection of viral genomes (DNA or RNA) with an analytic sensitivity that is several orders of magnitude greater than that of antigen detection or virus isolation methods. Adequate specificity and high sensitivity combined with high throughput and the increasing availability of commercial assays, made NAT particularly suitable to screen blood donations for the presence of viral genomes. However, the considerable cost of NAT and challenges in automation led the users to develop strategies based on pooling of multiple donor samples
Stimulating Different Types of Eco-Innovation in the UK: Government Policies and Firm Motivations

In this paper, we adopt a recent OECD framework and examine the role of external policy tools and internal firm specific factors for stimulating three different types of eco-innovations that range on a spectrum of lower to higher technological and environmental impacts: End-of-Pipeline Pollution Control Technologies, Integrated Cleaner Production Technologies and Environmental R&D. Using a novel firm-level dataset from a DEFRA survey, we estimate a Tobit model, which provides empirical evidence showing that these eco-innovations are motivated by different external policy tools and internal firm specific factors. Our findings indicate that End of Pipeline Technologies and Integrated Cleaner Production Technologies are mainly driven by equipment upgrade motives with a view of improving efficiency while environmental regulations are effective in stimulating the End-of-Pipeline technologies and Environmental R&D. Interestingly, alongside government induced regulations, we find that market factors, mainly motivated by cost savings, are effective in driving Environmental R&D. Finally, ISO14001 certification is effective in strengthening the positive impact of environmental management systems on both End-of-Pipeline technologies and Environmental R&D while CSR policies have no significant impact on motivating any of the eco-innovations.
Environmental Effects on Language Development: A Study of Young Children in Long-Stay Residential Nurseries.

TIZARD, BARBARA; COOPERMAN, OLIVER; JOSEPH, ANNE; and TIZARD, JACK. Environmental Effects on Language Development: A Study of Young Children in Long-Stay Residential Nurseries. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1972, 43, 337-358. Observational studies of 85 children aged 2-5 years were made in 13 residential nursery groups. The aim was to relate the language development of the children to the amount and quality of adult talk directed at them, and both these factors to the way in which the nursery was organized. No "institutional retardation" was found, and the mean test scores on both verbal and nonverbal tests were average. Significant correlations were obtained between the language comprehension scores of the children and both the quality of the talk directed to them and the way in which the nursery was organized.
Parent Perceptions of Maltreatment and Adjustment in Children

The perceptions of a self-selected community sample of 50 parents were assessed, covering their children’s experiences of five types of maltreatment, namely sexual abuse, physical abuse, psychological maltreatment, neglect, and witnessing family violence. Also evaluated were children’s behavioural adjustment, current affect, self-esteem, gender identity, and family functioning. The results showed a large degree of overlap between the different types of maltreatment (except sexual abuse), with 42% of respondents obtaining scores above the mean on more than one maltreatment scale. Familial factors predicted the parental reports of maltreatment and multi-type maltreatment as well as the adjustment of children.
Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and kidney function in non-diabetic individuals.

BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome has been recently identified as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Since the five individual components of the metabolic syndrome have also been identified as risk factors for CKD, the metabolic syndrome diagnosis may represent an aggregate of CKD risk factors. On the other hand, the components of the metabolic syndrome are also associated with insulin resistance, which may directly mediate the increased CKD risk. METHODS This study was a cross-sectional evaluation of the relationship between metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in 574 non-diabetic individuals. Insulin resistance was directly quantified using the insulin suppression test, and the metabolic syndrome components were measured. eGFR was calculated using the three validated estimation equations: the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation, the Mayo quadratic equation and the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation. RESULTS While CKD prevalence was higher and mean eGFR was lower in individuals who met the metabolic syndrome criteria compared with those who did not, we did not observe a significant relationship between insulin resistance and eGFR. Of all of the components of the metabolic syndrome, only hypertension was significantly associated with CKD prevalence [odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 3.5 (1.2-10.1), P=0.02]. CONCLUSION Although CKD is more common among individuals with the metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance is not a common factor.
Faces Versus Patterns: Exploring Aesthetic Reactions Using Facial EMG

We used facial EMG to examine reactions to the attractiveness of natural (faces) and artificial (abstract patterns) stimuli under long and short presentation durations. Attractive stimuli produced strong activations of the M. zygomaticus major muscle, indicating positive affective reactions; and unattractive stimuli produced strong activations of the M. corrugator supercili muscle, indicating negative affective reactions. Fluency effects, indicated by stronger activations of the M. zygomaticus major under the longer presentation duration were, however, only found for the abstract patterns. Moreover, the abstract patterns also were associated with more consistent activations over time than the faces, suggesting differences in the processes underlying the evaluation of faces and patterns. We discuss these results in terms of differences in appraisal processes between the two classes of stimuli—the greater biological, social, and sociosexual significance of faces trigger more complex appraisals than the abstract patterns.
Highway dimension, shortest paths, and provably efficient algorithms

Computing driving directions has motivated many shortest path heuristics that answer queries on continental scale networks, with tens of millions of intersections, literally instantly, and with very low storage overhead. In this paper we complement the experimental evidence with the first rigorous proofs of efficiency for many of the heuristics suggested over the past decade. We introduce the notion of highway dimension and show how low highway dimension gives a unified explanation for several seemingly different algorithms.
Anti‐Ro52 antibodies frequently co‐occur with anti‐Jo‐1 antibodies in sera from patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy

We analysed 112 idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) sera for the presence of anti‐Ro, anti‐La and anti‐histidyl‐tRNA synthetase (Jo‐1) autoantibodies, and subsequently mapped B cell epitopes on the Ro52 protein recognized by anti‐Ro52+ IIM sera. Sera were characterized by immunoblotting, ELISA and RNA precipitation. Both anti‐Ro60 and anti‐La activity was found in 4% of IIM sera. Anti‐Ro52 antibodies were present in 20% of IIM sera. However, in anti‐Jo‐1+ IIM sera (21%), the frequency of the anti‐Ro52 antibodies was found to be much higher (58%). No cross‐reactivity between anti‐Ro52 and anti‐Jo‐1 antibodies could be detected in these sera. To learn more about the nature of anti‐Ro52 antibodies occurring in IIM sera, we analysed the major epitopes of the Ro52 protein targeted by anti‐Ro52+ IIM sera by immunoprecipitation of in vitro translated Ro52 deletion mutants. The major epitope was mapped in the region bordered by amino acids 126 and 252. This part of the protein includes a long α‐helical region which contains two potential coiled‐coil domains as well as a leucine zipper motif. Although no difference in Ro52 epitope recognition between anti‐Jo‐1+ and anti‐Jo‐1+IIM sera could be observed, our results suggest that the autoimmune response against Ro52 and Jo‐1 in IIM patients is coupled.