Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PEGASIS: Power-efficient gathering in sensor information systems

Sensor webs consisting of nodes with limited battery power and wireless communications are deployed to collect useful information from the field. Gathering sensed information in an energy efficient manner is critical to operate the sensor network for a long period of time. In W. Heinzelman et al. (Proc. Hawaii Conf. on System Sci., 2000), a data collection problem is defined where, in a round of communication, each sensor node has a packet to be sent to the distant base station. If each node transmits its sensed data directly to the base station then it will deplete its power quickly. The LEACH protocol presented by W. Heinzelman et al. is an elegant solution where clusters are formed to fuse data before transmitting to the base station. By randomizing the cluster heads chosen to transmit to the base station, LEACH achieves a factor of 8 improvement compared to direct transmissions, as measured in terms of when nodes die. In this paper, we propose PEGASIS (power-efficient gathering in sensor information systems), a near optimal chain-based protocol that is an improvement over LEACH. In PEGASIS, each node communicates only with a close neighbor and takes turns transmitting to the base station, thus reducing the amount of energy spent per round. Simulation results show that PEGASIS performs better than LEACH by about 100 to 300% when 1%, 20%, 50%, and 100% of nodes die for different network sizes and topologies.
Evidence for 20th century climate warming and wetland drying in the North American Prairie Pothole Region

The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America is a globally important resource that provides abundant and valuable ecosystem goods and services in the form of biodiversity, groundwater recharge, water purification, flood attenuation, and water and forage for agriculture. Numerous studies have found these wetlands, which number in the millions, to be highly sensitive to climate variability. Here, we compare wetland conditions between two 30-year periods (1946–1975; 1976–2005) using a hindcast simulation approach to determine if recent climate warming in the region has already resulted in changes in wetland condition. Simulations using the WETLANDSCAPE model show that 20th century climate change may have been sufficient to have a significant impact on wetland cover cycling. Modeled wetlands in the PPR's western Canadian prairies show the most dramatic effects: a recent trend toward shorter hydroperiods and less dynamic vegetation cycles, which already may have reduced the productivity of hundreds of wetland-dependent species.
Convergent summation of Møller–Plesset perturbation theory

Rational and algebraic Pade approximants are applied to Moller–Plesset (MP) perturbation expansions of energies for a representative sample of atoms and small molecules. These approximants can converge to the full configuration–interaction result even when partial summation diverges. At order MP2 (the first order beyond the Hartree–Fock approximation), the best results are obtained from the rational [0/1] Pade approximant of the total energy. At MP3 rational and quadratic approximants are about equally good, and better than partial summation. At MP4, MP5, and MP6, quadratic approximants appear to be the most dependable method. The success of the quadratic approximants is attributed to their ability to model the singularity structure in the complex plane of the perturbation parameter. Two classes of systems are distinguished according to whether the dominant singularity is in the positive half plane (class A) or the negative half plane (class B). A new kind of quadratic approximant, with a constraint on on.
An Israeli study of family expectations of future child temperament

Early emerging child temperament forms the basis for adult personality and has a multitude of developmental implications. Studies have shown that some aspects of temperament can be observed prenatally, and prenatal parent ratings predict postnatal child temperament, thereby influencing future family dynamics. Little research has examined prenatal mother–father agreement on predictions of temperament, or patterns of cross-dimension associations before birth. Parental expectations of their future child’s temperament were investigated in a sample of pregnant Israeli women and their partners. Three modified temperament questionnaires were used to investigate mother–father agreement and associations between temperament dimensions. There were few significant mean differences between mothers’ and fathers’ expectations of child temperament. Parent agreement within temperament dimensions, and associations across dimensions were consistent with the postnatal literature. Findings indicate that parent impressions of child temperament are partially formed before birth, and may represent a shared hope or a ‘self-fulfilling prophecy’ in families.
Polarity-Dependent Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Effects on Central Auditory Processing

Given the polarity dependent effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in facilitating or inhibiting neuronal processing, and tDCS effects on pitch perception, we tested the effects of tDCS on temporal aspects of auditory processing. We aimed to change baseline activity of the auditory cortex using tDCS as to modulate temporal aspects of auditory processing in healthy subjects without hearing impairment. Eleven subjects received 2mA bilateral anodal, cathodal and sham tDCS over auditory cortex in a randomized and counterbalanced order. Subjects were evaluated by the Random Gap Detection Test (RGDT), a test measuring temporal processing abilities in the auditory domain, before and during the stimulation. Statistical analysis revealed a significant interaction effect of time vs. tDCS condition for 4000 Hz and for clicks. Post-hoc tests showed significant differences according to stimulation polarity on RGDT performance: anodal improved 22.5% and cathodal decreased 54.5% subjects' performance, as compared to baseline. For clicks, anodal also increased performance in 29.4% when compared to baseline. tDCS presented polarity-dependent effects on the activity of the auditory cortex, which results in a positive or negative impact in a temporal resolution task performance. These results encourage further studies exploring tDCS in central auditory processing disorders.
Foregrounding Effects During Reading, Revisited

Previous researchers have argued that objects associated with a protagonist may be foregrounded, or held active, in memory. This study expanded on previous work by using an inconsistency paradigm to investigate the effects of protagonist association on object accessibility. Readers experienced more processing difficulty when a target sentence contradicted previously presented information about protagonist-associated objects than when the contradiction pertained to protagonist-dissociated objects. However, the results of a naming time study demonstrated that this effect was due to increases in accessibility of protagonist-associated objects, not continued increases in availability. A final experiment demonstrated that degree of association between the object and the protagonist does not influence object accessibility. The results provide additional evidence for, and a more refined explanation of, foregrounding effects during reading.
Change in bacterial community during biodegradation of aniline

The response of river water microbial communities to chemical compounds was monitored under laboratory conditions using aniline as a model. Bacteria were collected from unpolluted and polluted sites. Bacterial abundance (plate and total direct counting) and its relation to aniline biodegradation was examined. Colony hybridization with 16S rRNA oligonucleotide probes was used to study the changes in microbial community structure during biodegradation of aniline. The changes in bacterial abundance and community structure were related to biodegradation of aniline. Burkholderia–Pseudomonas (rRNA group III), an authentic Alcaligenes group became dominant despite the initial differences in the microbial communities, suggesting that these genera are the main aniline degraders in the aquatic environment.
Prosodic and lexical marking of contrast in L2 Italian

We investigated the second language (L2) acquisition of pragmatic categories that are not as consistently and frequently encoded in the L2 than in the first language (L1). Experiment 1 showed that Italian speakers linguistically highlighted affirmative polarity contrast (e.g. The child ate the candies following after The child did not eat the candies) in 34.3% of the cases, by producing a nuclear pitch accent on the finite verb (i.e. verum focus accent). Experiment 2 revealed that high-proficient German and Dutch non-native speakers of Italian linguistically encoded polarity contrast more frequently, either using a verum focus accent (German) or lexical markers (Dutch). This corresponds closely to the patterns preferred in their native languages. Our results show L1 transfer on three levels: (1) the relevance of the pragmatic category (i.e. marking polarity contrast on the assertion component), (2) the linguistic markers to encode polarity contrast and (3) the phonetic implementation of the intonational marking. These three levels of transfer have implications for how non-native speakers acquire the L2 discourse organizational principles and the linguistic markers to encode them.
Trait and State Components of Perceived Parental Differential Treatment in Middle Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study

Despite its importance for basic and applied psychology, only a few longitudinal studies have examined whether parental differential treatment (PDT) is a persistent or a transient phenomenon, these studies being confined to childhood or adolescence. Based on latent state-trait theory, the present study identified the amount of variance in three dimensions of perceived PDT in middle adulthood attributable to stable interindividual differences (trait variance) and to intraindividual changes (state variance). At two occasions of measurement (2 years apart), 709 middle-aged adults rated how often they and a sibling currently received parental recognition, nurture, and demand to assume filial responsibility. Tests of latent state-trait models for these three dimensions of PDT by structural equation modeling revealed that trait variance represented the largest proportion of the systematic variance in all observed indicators of perceived maternal and paternal differential treatment. Yet there was a considerable increase in state variance for the dimension of differential parental demand for assuming responsibility. Results are discussed with respect to the conditions accounting for the high overall stability of actual and/or perceived PDT in adulthood, and different approaches for determining their role are proposed.
Electron Microscopic and Cytogenetic Studies of Cells Derived from Burkitt ' s Lymphoma 1

findings of the cell lines grown in vitro revealed aneuploidy in each case, with each line having a characteristic and different chromosome constitution from that of the other. Marker chromo somes were present in three of the lines, and in one, secondary constrictions of the long arms of a Group D chromosome were present in every cell. The latter finding is unique and appears to be the first to be described for a human cell line. Electron micros copy revealed viral particles, very similar to those described by other workers in Burkitt's lymphoma, to be present in two of the
Helium-rich Thermonuclear Bursts and the Distance to the Accretion-powered Millisecond Pulsar SAX J1808.4–3658

We analyzed Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer observations of the accretion-powered 401 Hz pulsar SAX J1808.4-3658, in order to precisely determine the source distance. While the fluences for the five transient outbursts observed from 1996 were constant to within the uncertainties, the outburst interval varied significantly, so that the time-averaged flux (and accretion rate) decreased by around 40%. By equating the time-averaged X-ray flux with the expected mass transfer rate from gravitational radiation, we derived a lower limit on the distance of 3.4 kpc. Combined with an upper limit from assuming that the four radius-expansion thermonuclear bursts observed during the 2002 October outburst reached at most the Eddington limit for a pure He atmosphere, we found that the probable distance range for the source is 3.4-3.6 kpc. The implied inclination, based on the optical/IR properties of the counterpart, is i ≲ 30°. We compared the properties of the bursts with an ignition model. The time between bursts was long enough for hot CNO burning to significantly deplete the accreted hydrogen, so that ignition occurred in a pure helium layer underlying a stable hydrogen-burning shell. This is the first time that this burning regime has been securely observationally identified. The observed energetics of the bursts give a mean hydrogen fraction at ignition of ⟨X⟩ ≈ 0.1, and require that the accreted hydrogen fraction X0 and the CNO metallicity ZCNO are related by ZCNO ≈ 0.03(X0/0.7)2. We show that in this burning regime, a measurement of the burst recurrence time and energetics allows the local accretion rate onto the star to be determined independently of the accreted composition, giving a new method for estimating the source distance that is in good agreement with our other estimates.
NuSTAR AND INTEGRAL OBSERVATIONS OF A LOW/HARD STATE OF 1E1740.7-2942

The microquasar 1E1740.7-2942, also known as the “Great Annihilator,” was observed by NuSTAR in the summer of 2012. We have analyzed in detail two observations taken ∼2 weeks apart, for which we measure hard and smooth spectra typical of the low/hard state. A few weeks later the source flux declined significantly. Nearly simultaneous coverage by INTEGRAL is available from its Galactic Center monitoring campaign lasting ∼2.5 months. These data probe the hard state spectrum from 1E1740.7-2942 before the flux decline. We find good agreement between the spectra taken with IBIS/ISGRI and NuSTAR, with the measurements being compatible with a change in flux with no spectral variability. We present a detailed analysis of the NuSTAR spectral and timing data and upper limits for reflection of the high energy emission. We show that the high energy spectrum of this X-ray binary is well described by thermal Comptonization.
The role of syntactic features in protein interaction extraction

Most approaches for protein interaction mining from biomedical texts use both lexical and syntactic features. However, the individual impact of these two kinds of features on the effectiveness of the mining process has not yet been thoroughly studied. In this paper, we perform such a study on a recently published state of the art support vector machine approach that uses both lexical and syntactic features. To this end, we strip this approach down to an algorithm that uses only a subset of the initial syntactic features. Next, we compare the original and the stripped-down method by evaluating them on 5 benchmark datasets as well as by performing 5 additional cross-dataset experiments. Although the original method exploits a very rich feature set including words, parts-of-speech and grammatical relations, it is not significantly better than the stripped-down version; in fact, the former does not even consistently outperform the latter.
Power and territoriality: a study of Moroccan women in Antwerp

Muslim women's participation in Western society is hampered by specific restrictions. This paper, based on qualitative interviews in an ethnic neighbourhood in Antwerp, Belgium, focuses on Moroccan women's participation in leisure activities and their noncommittal use of public space. The paper demonstrates that the difficulties Moroccan women experience in undertaking activities out of the house result from the territorial behaviour of dominant groups wishing to maintain existing power relations. Collins' matrix of domination is used, into which is integrated Islam, to conceptualise the dominance relations involved. Spatial strategies in the neighbourhood are analysed by means of Sack's human territoriality theory. The author concludes that Sack's theory is well suited to the analysis of territoriality at a neighbourhood level, if his centralised power concept is replaced by a more fragmented one, accounting for both dominance and resistance. In this development of resistance, borders and geographical scale, both neglected by Sack, play a crucial role. Copyright (c) 2003 by the Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG.
Electromotive Administration of Topical Medications in Clinical Physiotherapy Practice: A Review

Oral and injection routes of drug administration has adverse effect in the body system, hence, there is paradigm shift in route of drug administration to the use of electromotive force via the skin where applicable; and this by passes the first pass effect metabolism. Both iontophoresis and ultra-sonophoresis are examples of procedures for the electromotive administration of drugs. Potential serious side-effects are eliminated because transdermal routes of drug administration are known to possess little or no side effects. Iontophoresis is the introduction of medicinal ions into the body using Direct Current. It is a painless, sterile and non invasive technique with minimal adverse reactions in the gastro-intestinal system. The dose depends on current and time of treatment and a typical dosage is 40 mA-min. This review revealed that Iontophoresis is being used to subdue inflammation using topical Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, administer antibiotics to combat infection, manage bicep brachii spasticity of stroke survivours, promote wound healing, reduce bacteria colonization, combat fungal infection; and has produced analgesic effects in several studies. Also, the reviewed showed that ultrasonophoresis is relevant in clinical physiotherapy practice.
Transfer with GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban for primary percutaneous coronary intervention vs. on-site thrombolysis in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI): a randomized open-label study for patients admitted to community hospitals.

AIMS Our study aimed to compare two reperfusion strategies in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) admitted initially to a community hospital without catheterization facilities. METHODS AND RESULTS Four hundred and one patients with STEMI admitted to community hospital (13 hospitals, radius 20-150 km from cath-lab) were randomized to on-site thrombolysis or to transport with tirofiban (10 microg/kg bolus i.v. + i.v. infusion 0.1 microg/kg/min) for primary PCI in single invasive centre. Primary endpoints were total mortality, recurrent MI (re-AMI), and stroke during 1 year follow-up. Delay to reperfusion defined as interval between admission and start of fibrinolysis or primary PCI was 35 and 145 min (P < 0.0001). Mean time of tirofiban administration to PCI in transfer group was: 122.3 +/- 35.7 min. Mortality was not different during hospitalization and at 30th-day, with trend towards lower mortality at 1 year in transport group (12.5 vs. 7.0%, P = 0.061). There were no differences in the rate of re-AMI and stroke, with trend towards lower incidence of re-AMI in transfer group at 1 year (7.5 vs. 3.5%, P = 0.073). Composite of death/re-AMI/stroke was higher in on-site group during follow-up (15.5 vs. 8.0%, P = 0.019; 21.5 vs. 11.4%, P = 0.006, respectively, at 30th-day and 1 year). CONCLUSION Outcomes at 1 year follow-up suggest that transportation with adjunctive therapy with GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban for primary PCI is superior to on-site thrombolysis for patient with STEMI presenting to hospital without catheterization facilities.
EXAMINING THE BIAS FOR ORTHOGRAPHIC COMPONENTS USING AN APPARENT MOTION DETECTION TASK

A novel task was used to examine how sublexical orthographic components are activated in the case of Chinese characters. Participants judged which of the two composing radicals of a horizontal character was displaced in an apparent motion (AM) detection task. The detection performance of semantic and phonetic radicals did not differ in Experiment 1. As additional recognition demands (naming or lexical decision) were imposed in Experiments 2 and 3, participants more efficiently detected the AM of the phonetic radical than the semantic radical when the character frequency was low. These findings demonstrate the usefulness of the AM detection task in probing radical activation. Implications for models of word and Chinese character recognition are also discussed.
Legal narratives as significant news sources about mental illness and violent crime

Media coverage about people affected by mental illness is an area of research that is extensively examined. Many scholars argue that the media depicts people with mental illness as inherently violent and dangerous within sensational narratives. These depictions are criticized for reinforcing the social stigma and disadvantages many of the mentally ill face. The media does, however, require news sources and, in the context of crime and mental illness, the courts are a significant source. Through qualitative content analysis of Australian newspaper articles, this research examines an under-researched and incompletely theorized area. In doing so, it demonstrates that media depictions of some mentally ill offenders reflect and heavily draw upon legal narratives and what is argued in court about these offenders in the context of criminal responsibility and legal insanity.
Rotavirus diarrhea is caused by nonreplicating viral particles

Rotaviruses infect the villous epithelium of the small intestine and cause severe diarrhea in young children. The mechanism by which rotavirus causes diarrhea has not been elucidated. It has been hypothesized that rotavirus replication in the intestinal epithelium causes a loss of viable absorptive cells, leading to an imbalance of intestinal secretion and absorption. Cell destruction has generally been thought to result from rotavirus transcription and replication. However, the widely used heterologous murine model of rotavirus infection demonstrates minimal viral replication and histological changes limited to epithelial vacuolation on the distal villus despite the simultaneous occurrence of voluminous liquid diarrhea. We have genetically inactivated rotaviruses to test the importance of viral replication in the pathogenesis of rotavirus-induced diarrhea. We present direct evidence that transcription- and replication-defective rotaviruses cause diarrhea in an animal model. These findings suggest that rotavirus attachment or entry into cells is sufficient for the induction of diarrhea. The mechanism of rotavirus-induced diarrhea is therefore consistent with a viral toxin-like effect exerted during virus-cell contact.
Daytime Sleepiness in Parkinson's Disease: Perception, Influence of Drugs, and Mood Disorder

Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with sleep complaints as excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and several factors have been implicated in the genesis of these complaints. Objective. To correlate the subjective perception of EDS with variables as the severity of the motor symptoms, medications, and the presence of depressive symptoms. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study, using specific scales as Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), Beck depression inventory (iBeck) and Hoehn and Yahr (HY), in 42 patients with PD. Results. The patients had a mean age of 61.2 ± 11.3 years and mean disease duration of 4.96 ± 3.3 years. The mean ESS was 7.5 ± 4.7 and 28.6% of patients reached a score of abnormally high value (>10). There was no association with gender, disease duration, and dopamine agonists. Patients with EDS used larger amounts of levodopa (366.7 ± 228.0 versus 460.4 ± 332.25 mg, P = 0.038), but those who had an iBeck >20 reached lower values of ESS than the others (5.9 ± 4.1 versus 9.3 ± 4.8, P = 0.03). Conclusions. EDS was common in PD patients, being related to levodopa intake. Presence of depressed mood may influence the final results of self-assessment scales for sleep disorders.