Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Music discriminations by pigeons.

Pigeons learned to discriminate between complex musical sequences. Two birds responded at more than 80% correct in a single-operandum discrimination learning task when the S+ was a 1-min excerpt of Bach flute music and the S- was a 1min excerpt of Hindemith viola music (Experiment 1). Four pigeons responded at more than 70% correct when they were required to peck the left of two disks during presentations of any portion of a 20-min Bach organ piece and to peck the right disk during any portion of Stravinsky's Rite of Spring for orchestra (Experiment 2). These discriminations were learned slowly. However, the birds generalized consistently and independently of the instruments involved when presented with novel musical excerpts (Experiment 3). They preferred the left "Bach disk" when ,novel excerpts from Buxtehude and Scarlatti were introduced and the right "Stravinsky disk" when novel excerpts from Eliot Carter, Walter Piston, and another Stravinsky work were introduced. People responded similarly. Therefore the pigeon's response to complex auditory events may be more like the human's than is often assumed.
The Contribution of Family Culture to Political Participation, Political Outlook, and Its Reproduction

In a secondary analysis of data from a study of political socialization among Israeli teenagers, this article employs a modified and abbreviated version of Chaffee and McLeod's typology of family communications (FCP) to examine its relationship to political participation, political outlook, and the “reproduction” of parents' political outlook in their children. The findings confirm that the pluralist family is most likely to induce political participation, measured by media exposure, political knowledge, and conversation. Family communication pattern was also found to be associated with political outlook, measured in terms of hawkish-dovish orientations to the Arab-Israeli conflict, with a disproportionate number of dovish parents and children in the pluralist families. Nevertheless, the rate of reproduction of specific outlook does not vary significantly among the four types of family communication patterns, except for a suggestion in the data that families have a better chance of reproducing doves when they encourage their children to argue.
The Cdk5 inhibitor olomoucine promotes corneal debridement wound closure in vivo

Purpose To investigate the effect of the Cdk5 inhibitor olomoucine on corneal debridement wound healing in vivo. Methods Corneal debridement wounds of 1.5 mm were made on the ocular surface of CD-1 mice. A 20 μl drop of 15 µM olomoucine in 1% DMSO was applied to the wound area immediately after wounding and again after 6 h. Control mice received identical applications of 1% DMSO. Mice were euthanized after 18 h, two weeks, and three weeks for evaluation of wound healing and restratification. Corneas were stained with Richardson’s dye, photographed, and processed for histology and immunofluorescence as whole mounts or paraffin sections. The remaining wound area at 18 h was measured by image analysis. Scratch wounded cultures of human corneal-limbal epithelial cells (HCLE) were used to examine the effect of olomoucine on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression in vitro. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were detected by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. Results Olomoucine treatment significantly enhanced corneal wound closure without increasing inflammation or infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes 18 h after wounding (p<0.05). The increased localization of MMP-9 within epithelial cells at the wound edge was further enhanced by olomoucine while the expression of MMP-2 was reduced. Olomoucine treatment of scratch wounded HCLE cells produced similar changes in MMP-9 and MMP-2 expression. The examination of treated corneas two and three weeks after wounding showed normal epithelial restratification with no evidence of inflammation or stromal disorganization. Conclusions Topical application of olomoucine in 1% DMSO significantly enhances closure of small epithelial debridement wounds without increasing inflammation or impairing reepithelialization.
Liberal Citizenship and Civic Friendship

Aristotle famously argues that friendship can serve as a normative model for the practice of citizenship, and this view has been widely accepted by neo-Aristotelians. Liberals, however, are quick to reject both Aristotle’s view of friendship and his view of citizenship. Does this mean that the concept of friendship is politically irrelevant for liberalism? This essay suggests, on the contrary, that the concept of friendship is far from obsolete, even for liberals. Specifically, communicative constraints derived from the norms of friendship, as interpreted by Ralph Waldo Emerson, could serve to promote the modest instrumental purposes of liberal citizenship—personal freedom, social justice, and civil peace—while simultaneously allowing the practice of liberal citizenship to develop in noninstrumental directions, enriched rather than strained by the multicultural realities of most modern societies.
Does Imaging αvβ3 Integrin Expression with PET Detect Changes in Angiogenesis During Bevacizumab Therapy?

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in molecular imaging markers of tumor-induced angiogenesis. Several radiolabeled RGD (arginine, glycine, aspartate) peptides have been developed for PET imaging of αvβ3 integrins in the tumor vasculature, but there are only limited data on how angiogenesis inhibitors affect the tumor uptake of these peptides. Methods: Changes in 68Ga-NODAGA-c(RGDfK) peptide uptake were measured using PET during bevacizumab therapy of 2 αvβ3-negative squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (A-431 and FaDu) that induce αvβ3-positive neovasculature when transplanted into nude mice. Tumor uptake of 68Ga-NODAGA-c(RGDfK) was correlated to microvascular density, vascular morphology, and permeability as well as αvβ3 integrin expression. Results: Bevacizumab significantly inhibited growth of A-431 tumors and caused a significant reduction in microvascular density and αvβ3 integrin expression within 7 d after start of therapy. Bevacizumab also caused a normalization of blood vessel morphology and decreased tumor necrosis. However, 68Ga-NODAGA-c(RGDfK) uptake was significantly increased at day 7 of therapy and did not decrease until after 3 wk of treatment. In Fadu xenografts, bevacizumab therapy caused only a minor inhibition of tumor growth and minor changes in 68Ga-NODAGA-c(RGDfK) uptake. Conclusion: Uptake of radiolabeled RGD peptides is not necessarily decreased by effective antiangiogenic therapy. Early in the course of therapy a decrease in the expression of αvβ3 integrins may not be reflected by a decrease in the uptake of RGD peptides.
Waist Circumference as Compared with Body-Mass Index in Predicting Mortality from Specific Causes

Background Whether waist circumference provides clinically meaningful information not delivered by body-mass index regarding prediction of cause-specific death is uncertain. Methods We prospectively examined waist circumference (WC) and body-mass index (BMI) in relation to cause-specific death in 225,712 U.S. women and men. Cox regression was used to estimate relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistical analyses were conducted using SAS version 9.1. Results During follow-up from 1996 through 2005, we documented 20,977 deaths. Increased WC consistently predicted risk of death due to any cause as well as major causes of death, including deaths from cancer, cardiovascular disease, and non-cancer/non-cardiovascular diseases, independent of BMI, age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking status, and alcohol intake. When WC and BMI were mutually adjusted in a model, WC was related to 1.37 fold increased risk of death from any cancer and 1.82 fold increase risk of death from cardiovascular disease, comparing the highest versus lowest WC categories. Importantly, WC, but not BMI showed statistically significant positive associations with deaths from lung cancer and chronic respiratory disease. Participants in the highest versus lowest WC category had a relative risk of death from lung cancer of 1.77 (95% CI, 1.41 to 2.23) and of death from chronic respiratory disease of 2.77 (95% CI, 1.95 to 3.95). In contrast, subjects in the highest versus lowest BMI category had a relative risk of death from lung cancer of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.75 to 1.17) and of death from chronic respiratory disease of 1.18 (95% CI, 0.89 to 1.56). Conclusions Increased abdominal fat measured by WC was related to a higher risk of deaths from major specific causes, including deaths from lung cancer and chronic respiratory disease, independent of BMI.
Mothers’ Knowledge of Early Adolescents’ Activities Following the Middle School Transition and Pubertal Maturation

This study tested a sequential mediation model to determine whether experiences, social cognitions, or parent-adolescent interactional processes account for lower levels of mothers’ knowledge of adolescents’ whereabouts and activities following early adolescents’ transition into middle school (MS) and pubertal development. Cross-sectional data were collected from 106 mother-adolescent dyads during the summer before the adolescent entered MS (M age = 11.39 years, 55% female) and from an additional 85 mother-adolescent dyads during the summer following the adolescents’ 1st year of MS (M age = 12.47 years, 49% female). Path analyses indicated that adolescents who had experienced the MS transition and who were more pubertally advanced had weaker authority beliefs and engaged in more unsupervised activities. Weaker authority beliefs were associated with less adolescent disclosure but with more maternal control. More unsupervised activities were associated with less maternal control. Experiencing the MS transition, more advanced pubertal development, weaker authority beliefs, more unsupervised activities, and less adolescent disclosure were associated with less maternal knowledge. This study concludes that between-group differences in mothers’ knowledge following the MS transition are partially explained by more unsupervised activities, weaker authority beliefs, and less adolescent disclosure among adolescents who have experienced the MS transition.
Loneliness, exchange orientation, and reciprocity in friendships

Guided by equity theory, this study among 185 Dutch students explored the effects of exchange orientation and reciprocity in the relationship with the best friend upon loneliness. Reciprocity was in general more common in this relationship than feeling advantaged or deprived. The association between reciprocity and loneliness was as predicted on the basis of equity theory: Those feeling deprived as well as those feeling advantaged in the relationship with the best friend reported much more loneliness than those perceiving reciprocity in terms of giving and receiving help. The association between reciprocity and loneliness was especially pronounced among those high in overbenefitting exchange orientation, but not among those high in underbenefitting exchange orientation. However, more loneliness was found among those high in underbenefitting exchange orientation, independent of the degree of reciprocity in the relationship with the best friend. The effects of lack of reciprocity and exchange orientation upon loneliness remained the same when self-esteem was included as a covariate.
Restless Legs Syndrome-associated intronic common variant in Meis1 alters enhancer function in the developing telencephalon

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified the MEIS1 locus for Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), but causal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their functional relevance remain unknown. This locus contains a large number of highly conserved noncoding regions (HCNRs) potentially functioning as cis-regulatory modules. We analyzed these HCNRs for allele-dependent enhancer activity in zebrafish and mice and found that the risk allele of the lead SNP rs12469063 reduces enhancer activity in the Meis1 expression domain of the murine embryonic ganglionic eminences (GE). CREB1 binds this enhancer and rs12469063 affects its binding in vitro. In addition, MEIS1 target genes suggest a role in the specification of neuronal progenitors in the GE, and heterozygous Meis1-deficient mice exhibit hyperactivity, resembling the RLS phenotype. Thus, in vivo and in vitro analysis of a common SNP with small effect size showed allele-dependent function in the prospective basal ganglia representing the first neurodevelopmental region implicated in RLS.
State Feminism and Women's Movements

This article offers a brief reflection on the emergence of the study of gender and politics over the past 30 years and its influence on European political science. It goes on to discuss the early results of a recently completed comparative project, the RNGS project (Research Network on Gender and the State) on the influence of women's movements on public policy decisions. The RNGS project reflects both developments in the sub-field of gender and politics and the influences of changes in approaches to the study of politics of the last 30 years or so.
Combined topical and systemic clonazepam therapy for the management of burning mouth syndrome: a retrospective pilot study.

AIMS To evaluate retrospectively the efficacy of administering an anticonvulsant medication, clonazepam, by dissolving tablets slowly orally before swallowing, for the management of burning mouth syndrome (BMS). METHODS A retrospective clinical records audit was performed of patients diagnosed with BMS between January 2006 and June 2009. Patients were prescribed 0.5 mg clonazepam three times daily, and changes were made to this regimen based on their individual response. Patients were asked to dissolve the tablet orally before swallowing and were reviewed over a 6-month period. Pain was assessed by patients on an 11-point numerical scale (0 to 10). A nonparametric (Spearman) two-tailed correlation matrix and a two-tailed Mann-Whitney test were performed. RESULTS A total of 36 patients (27 women, 9 men) met the criteria for inclusion. The mean (± SEM) pain score reduction between pretreatment and final appointment was 4.7 ± 0.4 points. A large percentage (80%) of patients obtained more than a 50% reduction in pain over the treatment period. One patient reported no reduction in pain symptoms, and one third of the patients had complete pain resolution. Approximately one third of patients experienced side effects that were transient and mild. CONCLUSION This pilot study provides preliminary evidence that the novel protocol of combined topical and systemic clonazepam administration provides an effective BMS management tool.
The Role of Rural Communities in the Postsecondary Preparation of Low-Income Students

In the past decade, rural education has been critiqued for contributing to brain drain and social stratification that saps the human, social, and economic resources of rural communities. This article, based on an investigation of six small rural school districts in the same state, offers an alternative view of the role of community groups and individuals in the academic preparation and postsecondary aspirations of local low-income students. From the accounts of 79 school and community residents, we developed a typology that categorizes local stakeholders by their involvement in three common functions: program support, program directing, and program initiation/administration. These proeducational activities, in combination, support the necessary tasks of qualification, graduation, application, and aspiration. Results not only increase understanding about the ways rural communities support educational preparation, but also clarify the links between particular community behaviors and the completion of essential college-preparation tasks.
Doing good? Interpreting teachers’ given and felt responsibilities for pupils’ well-being in an age of measurement

The purpose of this study is to theoretically discuss a specific aspect of teachers’ responsibilities: their responsibility for pupils’ or children’s well-being. We ask two interrelated questions: firstly, how might (Swedish) teachers’ sense of responsibilities for their pupils’ well-being be understood in relation to ethical theory? Secondly, what does this insight bring to the discussion of teachers’ professional responsibility within the global discourse of educational policy that increasingly stresses accountability and efficiency in an ‘age of measurement? ’ Education can be described as an intervention in a pupil’s life, motivated by the idea that it will somehow improve it. When one implements this intervention, from a legal/political perspective, it boils down to a series of responsibilities assigned to teachers, as expressed in current policy documents. However, an exploration of empirical examples in a Swedish context of teachers’ sense of responsibility for their pupils’ or children’s well-being, expressed in everyday situations, indicates that the matter is complex. In order to find tools with which to better understand such expressions, we turn to the field of ethics. A thorough inquiry into the various reasoning regarding responsibility reveals that responsibility as socially defined and given is not sufficient to capture the intimacy and relational uncertainties of the teachers’ stories, which is why we turn to the writings of Lévinas and his ethics of responsibility. His ethical language helps to capture relational processes that cannot be predefined and that are based on an infinite sense of responsibility for the other person. We continue by discussing and problematising the increasing demands for measurability and accountability in the field of teachers’ professionalism. Here, we illuminate risks involved with the movement towards the fixed and calculable, since it overlooks the intricate ways in which teachers’ given and felt responsibilities are woven together.
Team Implicit Coordination Processes: A Team Knowledge–Based Approach

We present an integrated theoretical framework that models the development of team situation models and implicit coordination behaviors. We first define these concepts and then examine the role of several team and context variables in facilitating the emergence of implicit coordination patterns, as well as in moderating their effects on team performance. Finally, we discuss the implications of the model for team coordination theory, team cognition research, and effective management of work teams.
Abnormalities in Anxiety Implications for Cognitive Neuroscience

Experimantal psychopathologists have increasingly relied on the concepts methods of cognitive psychology to elucidate information-processing associated with anxiety disorders. However, research has without reference to how these abnormalities are instantiated in brain. The purpose of this article is to provide a survey of points of between the cognitive and neurobiological perspectives with regard disorders.
First Evidence of Sternal Wound Biofilm following Cardiac Surgery

Management of deep sternal wound infection (SWI), a serious complication after cardiac surgery with high morbidity and mortality incidence, requires invasive procedures such as, debridement with primary closure or myocutaneous flap reconstruction along with use of broad spectrum antibiotics. The purpose of this clinical series is to investigate the presence of biofilm in patients with deep SWI. A biofilm is a complex microbial community in which bacteria attach to a biological or non-biological surface and are embedded in a self-produced extracellular polymeric substance. Biofilm related infections represent a major clinical challenge due to their resistance to both host immune defenses and standard antimicrobial therapies. Candidates for this clinical series were patients scheduled for a debridement procedure of an infected sternal wound after a cardiac surgery. Six patients with SWI were recruited in the study. All cases had marked dehiscence of all layers of the wound down to the sternum with no signs of healing after receiving broad spectrum antibiotics post-surgery. After consenting patients, tissue and/or extracted stainless steel wires were collected during the debridement procedure. Debrided tissues examined by Gram stain showed large aggregations of Gram positive cocci. Immuno-fluorescent staining of the debrided tissues using a specific antibody against staphylococci demonstrated the presence of thick clumps of staphylococci colonizing the wound bed. Evaluation of tissue samples with scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging showed three-dimensional aggregates of these cocci attached to the wound surface. More interestingly, SEM imaging of the extracted wires showed attachment of cocci aggregations to the wire metal surface. These observations along with the clinical presentation of the patients provide the first evidence that supports the presence of biofilm in such cases. Clinical introduction of the biofilm infection concept in deep SWI may advance the current management strategies from standard antimicrobial therapy to anti-biofilm strategy.
What I think you see is what you get: Influence of prejudice on assimilation to negative meta‐stereotypes among Dutch Moroccan teenagers

This research examined how Dutch Moroccan teenagers in the Netherlands deal with the negative stereotype that they believe the Dutch have about their group. We hyothesize that Moroccans act in line with this negative image when they are prejudiced against the Dutch and feel personally meta-stereotyped. A survey study aniong 88 Dutch Moroccan teenagers revealed that Moroccan teenagers who felt negative about the Dutch and thought that they were personally negatively stereotyped, expressed attitudes in line with this negative "meta-stereotype. " That is, they act in line with the outgroup's negative image by legitimizing criminality, aggression, loitering teenagers, and Muslim extremism. These findings suggest that being confronted with a negative stereotype about one's group might sometimes lead to a reaction that is both harmful for the stereotyped group as well as society in general. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can Countries Under a Common Currency Conduct Their Own Fiscal Policies?

The debate about balance of payment problems is generally linked with adjustments in the fiscal sector, especially since the views of Bretton Woods institutions became predominant. For the majority of theoretical models that currently inform policy, it is becoming common thought that in a world of free trade and free movement of capital, a floating rate of exchange may clear the market for financial assets. In these models, the persistence of balance of payment problems can be attributed to rigidities either in the fiscal sector (that is, the inability of the public sector to run a balanced budget), or the labor market (that is, trade union pressures and welfare protective measures leading to uncompetitive salaries). This approach, which makes the fiscal stance the culprit of macroeconomic imbalances in countries with floating exchange rates, is, however, also applied to countries that have adopted other, more rigid forms of exchange rate policy, such as currency boards, dollarization, and common currency agreements. It seems to be overlooked that systems of common currency pose problems of an entirely different kind because two major mechanisms of macroeconomic adjustment ¾ exchange rate flexibility and money issuing ¾ are obviously removed. Thus, theoretical and policy-oriented propositions need to take into account this new set of restrictions.