Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of individual socioeconomic status on the clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke patients with different neighborhood status in Shanghai, China

Objective: Socioeconomic status (SES) is being recognized as an important factor in both social and medical problems. The aim of present study is to examine the relationship between SES and ischemic stroke and investigate whether SES is a predictor of clinical outcomes among patients with different neighborhood status from Shanghai, China. Methods: A total of 471 first-ever ischemic stroke patients aged 18-80 years were enrolled in this retrospective study. The personal SES of each patient was evaluated using a summed score derived from his or her educational level, household income, occupation, and medical reimbursement rate. Clinical adverse events and all-cause mortality were analyzed to determine whether SES was a prognostic factor, its prognostic impact was then assessed based on different neighborhood status using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models after adjusting for other covariates. Results: The individual SES showed a significant positive correlation with neighborhood status (r = 0.370; P < 0.001). The incidence of clinical adverse events and mortality were significantly higher in low SES patients compared with middle and high SES patients (P = 0.001 and P = 0.037, respectively). After adjusting other risk factors and neighborhood status, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed clinical adverse events and deaths were still higher in the low SES patients (all P < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that both personal SES and neighborhood status are independent prognostic factors for ischemic stroke (all P < 0.05). Besides, among patients with low and middle neighborhood status, lower individual SES was significantly associated with clinical adverse events and mortality (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: Both individual SES and neighborhood status are significantly associated with the prognosis after ischemic stroke. A lower personal SES as well as poorer neighborhood status may significantly increase risk for adverse clinical outcomes among ischemic stroke patients.
Gender Differences in Anxiety and Aggression among College Students

Thepurpose of the present study was to investigate the anxiety and aggressionlevel of college students. The sample consisted of 200 students (100 males& 100 females) of age range 22 to 23 years from Ranchi. All of these belongto middle socio-economic status. Respondents were given Sinha Anxiety Scale(1976) and Aggression Scale by Mathur and Bhatnagar (2004). Data was analyzed by usingpercentage, means, standard deviations “t” and r test. Result revealed that male and female differ significantly on the levelof anxiety and aggression. Resultindicates that the level of anxiety is higher in females than males. Females weremore aggressive than males. There was positive co-relation found betweenanxiety and aggression.Keywords: Anxiety, Aggression &Middle Socio-Economic Status
Pathogenic Clones versus Environmentally Driven Population Increase: Analysis of an Epidemic of the Human Fungal PathogenCoccidioides immitis

ABSTRACT For many pathogenic microbes that utilize mainly asexual modes of reproduction, it is unknown whether epidemics are due to either the emergence of pathogenic clones or environmentally determined increases in the population size of the organism. Descriptions of the genetic structures of epidemic populations, in conjunction with analyses of key environmental variables, are able to distinguish between these competing hypotheses. A major epidemic of coccidioidomycosis (etiologic agent, Coccidioides immitis) occurred between 1991 and 1994 in central California, representing an 11-fold increase above the mean number of cases reported from 1955 to 1990. Molecular analyses showed extensive genetic diversity, a lack of linkage disequilibria, and little phylogenetic structure, demonstrating that a newly pathogenic strain was not responsible for the observed epidemic. Epidemiological analyses showed that morbidity caused by C. immitis was best explained by the interaction between two variables, the lengths of droughts preceding epidemics and the amounts of rainfall. This shows that the principal factors governing this epidemic of C. immitis are environmental and not genetic. An important implication of this result is that the periodicity of cyclical environmental factors regulates the population size of C. immitis and is instrumental in determining the size of epidemics. This knowledge provides an important tool for predicting outbreaks of this pathogen, as well as a general framework that may be applied to determine the causes of epidemics of other fungal diseases.
Emissivity Measurements of Foam-Covered Water Surface at L-Band for Low Water Temperatures

For a foam-covered sea surface, it is difficult to retrieve sea surface salinity (SSS) with L-band brightness temperature (1.4 GHz) because of the effect of a foam layer with wind speeds stronger than 7 m/s, especially at low sea surface temperature (SST). With foam-controlled experiments, emissivities of a foam-covered water surface at low SST (-1.4 degrees C to 1.7 degrees C) are measured for varying SSS, foam thickness, incidence angle, and polarization. Furthermore, a theoretical model of emissivity is introduced by combining wave approach theory with the effective medium approximation method. Good agreement is obtained upon comparing theoretical emissivities with those of experiments. The results indicate that foam parameters have a strong influence on increasing emissivity of a foam-covered water surface. Increments of experimental emissivities caused by foam thickness of 1 cm increase from about 0.014 to 0.131 for horizontal polarization and 0.022 to 0.150 for vertical polarization with SSS increase and SST decrease. Contributions of the interface between the foam layer and water surface to the foam layer emissivity increments are discussed for frequencies between 1 and 37 GHz.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa AlgR Controls Cyanide Production in an AlgZ-Dependent Manner

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes chronic infections in individuals suffering from the genetic disorder cystic fibrosis. In P. aeruginosa, the transcriptional regulator AlgR controls a variety of virulence factors, including alginate production, twitching motility, biofilm formation, quorum sensing, and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production. In this study, the regulation of HCN production was examined. Strains lacking AlgR or the putative AlgR sensor AlgZ produced significantly less HCN than did a nonmucoid isogenic parent. In contrast, algR and algZ mutants showed increased HCN production in an alginate-producing (mucoid) background. HCN production was optimal in a 5% O2 environment. In addition, cyanide production was elevated in bacteria grown on an agar surface compared to bacteria grown in planktonic culture. A conserved AlgR phosphorylation site (aspartate at amino acid position 54), which is required for surface-dependent twitching motility but not alginate production, was found to be critical for cyanide production. Nuclease protection mapping of the hcnA promoter identified a new transcriptional start site required for HCN production. A subset of clinical isolates that lack this start site produced small amounts of cyanide. Taken together, these data show that the P. aeruginosa hcnA promoter contains three transcriptional start sites and that HCN production is regulated by AlgZ and AlgR and is maximal under microaerobic conditions when the organism is surface attached.
Making a mouse model for schizophrenia:Using the mouse to model the schizophreniasusceptibility gene ZNF804A

Schizophrenia is a complex disorder, with several genes putatively associated with the pathogenesis of the disorder. A large genome-wide association study (O’Donovan et al. 2008) identified ZNF804A as a candidate gene for schizophrenia (meta-analysis p = 1.61 x 10-7). The association of the gene with schizophrenia (and bipolar disorder) has since been successfully replicated several times, confirming the association (Riley et al., 2010; Steinberg et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2010, Williams et al., 2011). The aim of this thesis is to create and provide preliminary assessments of a mouse model of the murine form of ZNF804A, Zfp804a. A mutagenised DNA archive derived from mice treated with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) held at the MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, was screened for mutations in Zfp804a. Two mutations (C59X and C417Y) were selected for re-derivation based upon the estimated impact upon the protein. The mutations were backcrossed onto a C57Bl/6J background for three successive generations using a panel of genetic markers to aid selection for the highest level of C57Bl/6J congenicity (and therefore speed up the backcrossing process). G4 mice were tested in the study. Preliminary assessments of the fourth generation intercross cohort revealed, most notably, that the mice breed well, have no gross physical deficits and that male Zfp804aC59X/C59X mutants appeared less anxious than other groups in the elevated plus maze and performed better than other groups on the RotaRod. Initial indications show that Zfp804a may indeed influence behaviour and cognition however further work is necessary to expand upon these findings with larger samples.
Putative Effect of Aquifer Recharge on the Abundance and Taxonomic Composition of Endemic Microbial Communities

Drought events and the overexploitation of freshwater resources have led to the increased need to manage groundwater reserves. Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR), whereby artificial water is injected into aquifers for storage, is one of the proposed methods by which freshwater supplies can be increased. Microbial clogging following injection, however, is a major issue. Here, during laboratory simulations of ASR, we used flow cytometry and bar-coded pyrosequencing to investigate changes in microbial abundance and community dynamics. Bacterial abundance ranged from 5.0 × 104 to 1.4 × 107 cells ml-1 before the addition of synthetic wastewater. Following wastewater addition, a 25-fold decrease in abundance was observed, coinciding with a 12-fold increase in viral abundance. Taxa shifted from an overrepresentation of Sphingomonadales, Sphingobacteriales, Rhodospirillales, Caulobacterales, Legionellales, Bacillales, Fusobacteriales and Verrucomicrobiales prior to the addition of synthetic wastewater to Burkholderiales, Actinomycetales, Pseudomonadales, Xanthomonadales, Rhodobacterales, Thizobiales and Thiotrichales following the addition of synthetic wastewater. Furthermore, a significant difference in overall taxonomic composition between the groundwater samples before and after the addition of synthetic wastewater was observed, with water samples exhibiting more similarity to sediment samples after wastewater was added. Collectively, these results suggest that ASR may alter the taxonomic composition of endemic microbial communities and that complete profiles of groundwater properties, including microbial community abundance and composition need to be taken into consideration when selecting aquifers for ASR practices.
“I’m just me”

An important component of managers’ behaviour is their perceptions of power. Suggests that an examination of managerial resistance might be one way in which questions relating to managers’ behaviour can be answered, particularly during periods of imposed organizational change. By applying the concept of ideology to both organizational and psychological structures, a comprehensive theory of managerial resistance is proposed that provides an integrated explanation of what, how and why managers resist. Tests this theory empirically by using individualism to examine the content of a number of interviews with middle managers. From the results, it appears that the development of such a framework is possible but it will need to be tested against the other ideologies of importance to the managers, managerialism, professionalism and gender. The complex interrelationships, both synergies and conflicts, between these will need to be explored in developing this theory further.
The Role of Gender in Peer Victimization Among Youth

Abstract Students experience many forms of victimization at school, yet few studies address more than one form of victimization. In this study, we explored the incidence of multiple forms of peer victimization, including direct verbal and physical, relational, and sexual harassment victimization among urban middle school students. We examined the overlap and gender differences among victimization experiences. Further, social cognitive theory was used to better understand how victimization experiences influence beliefs about the acceptability of aggression. Youth in 6th through 8th grades (N=111) completed self-report measures assessing peer victimization experiences and normative beliefs about aggression. Results revealed overlap between victimization experiences, suggesting that students commonly experience multiple forms of victimization by peers. Males who were sexually harassed held the strongest beliefs supporting aggression in situations without provocation. Our findings suggest that direct physical/verbal, relational, and sexual harassment victimization are inter-related experiences among youth, and these experiences differ by sex.
The Art of Judgment: A Study of Policy Making

Series Editor's Introduction - Henry D Kass Foreword to the Centenary Edition of The Art of Judgement - Guy B Adams, Bayard L Catron and Scott D N Cook Exercise in the Creation of Form - Margaret Blunden The Life of Sir Geoffrey Vickers Foreword to the 1983 Edition - Kenneth E Boulding Poem Preface to the Original Edition Introduction to the Original Edition PART ONE: POLICY-MAKING AS A MENTAL SKILL The Regulation of Institutions Appreciation Three Case Studies in Appreciation The Appreciative System Prediction Innovation Valuation The Limits of the Regulable PART TWO: POLICY-MAKING AS AN INSTITUTIONAL PROCESS Institutions as Dynamic Systems Political Choice and Market Choice Growth Accountability Internal Criteria of Success PART THREE: POLICY-MAKING IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DECISION SITUATION The Decision Situation Decision as Learning The Elusive Issue The Budgetary Decision Allocative and Integrative Decisions The Decision under Protest PART FOUR: POLICY-MAKING WITHIN THE HUMAN-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM The Human-Ecological System
Exploring the cognitive effects of bilingualism: neuroimaging investigations of lexical processing, executive control, and the bilingual advantage

Bilingualism has been shown to influence a variety of cognitive functions, most notably lexical processing and cognitive control. These effects are both detrimental and advantageous. On the one hand, it has been proposed that bilinguals experience delayed lexical access compared to monolinguals, both in the less-proficient language and in the native language, due to the relatively reduced frequency of use. On the other hand, the constant need to juggle and control two languages enhances cognitive control abilities in bilinguals, such that they outperform monolinguals on tasks of executive processing and conflict resolution. This dissertation explores these cognitive changes associated with bilingualism, primarily through the use of a Stroop task. As it combines lexical processing with cognitive control, the Stroop task is a unique paradigm in which to investigate these abilities in bilinguals. Using behavioural measures, electroencephalography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging, the experiments presented here seek to deepen our understanding of lexical processing and cognitive control in bilingualism, in order to better understand how the now-common use of multiple languages affects the functional brain.
The RSR2015: Database for Text-Dependent Speaker Verification using Multiple Pass-Phrases

This paper describes a new speech corpus, the RSR2015 database designed for text-dependent speaker recognition with scenario based on fixed pass-phrases. This database consists of over 71 hours of speech recorded from English speakers covering the diversity of accents spoken in Singapore. Acquisition has been done using a set of six portable devices including smart phones and tablets. The pool of speakers consists of 300 participants (143 female and 157 male speakers) from 17 to 42 years old. We propose a protocol for the case of user-dependent pass-phrases in text-dependent speaker recognition and we also report speaker recognition experiments on RSR2015 database. Index Terms: database, speaker recognition, text-dependent
Pre-deployment medical documentation for non-multinational forces on Operation Telic.

Sir, In a small Role 1 Basrah City location (Provisional Joint Coordination Centre; PJCC) during Op Telic 9, one sixth (12/72) of the population-at-risk were non-MultiNational Forces (MNF) six were members of the International Police Association (IPA) and six were interpreters. None of the non-MNF personnel were in possession of any medical documentation relating to predeployment screening, possible employment restrictions, or current medications being taken, despite the high prevalence of chronic conditions and usage of regular medications. Given the longevity of the operations in which we are currently involved, and the greater emphasis on Security Sector Reform tasks [1], it is likely that there will be an increasing reliance on MOD contractors and liaison with non-MNF personnel including the IPA employed by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. It may therefore be prudent for there to be engagement between Defence Medical Services and the large contractors such as KBR and Turners to suggest a deployable Medical document similar to the F/Med 965. The issue of an Operational Medical record would necessitate contact with Occupational Health or a Primary Care Provider prior to deployment. Although these assertions are based on small numbers it would be of interest to determine the scale of this problem as a whole.
Adopting Evidence-Based Medically Assisted Treatments in Substance Abuse Treatment Organizations: Roles of Leadership Socialization and Funding Streams

This paper examines the organizational adoption of medically assisted treatments (MAT) for substance use disorders (SUDs) in a representative sample of 555 US for-profit and not-for-profit treatment centers. the study examines organizational adoption of these treatments in an institutionally contested environment that traditionally has valued behavioral treatment, using sociological and resource dependence frameworks the findings indicate that socialization of leadership, measured by formal clinical education, is related to the adoption of MAT. Funding patterns also affect innovation adoption, with greater adoption associated with higher proportions of earned income from third party fees for services, and less adoption associated with funding from criminal justice sources. These findings may generalize to other social mission-oriented organizations where innovation adoption may be linked to private and public benefit values inherent in the type of socialization of leadership and different patterns of funding support.
In Pursuit of Understanding What Drives Fan Satisfaction

Abstract With economic considerations exerting an ever-increasing influence on soccer club activities, fan satisfaction has become an essential focus for these organizations. Despite the relevance of this topic, the literature has paid little attention to the measurement of fan satisfaction. Based on a thorough literature review and an empirical study of soccer fans, this paper outlines the development of a formative measurement index for fan satisfaction. Using data from a second soccer fan sample, the proposed fan satisfaction (FANSAT) index is assessed and applied to predict attendance. The results of a partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis imply that aspects of the stadium, club management, and the fan-based support for the club are the most important determinants of fan satisfaction.
Understanding the reasons for delay to definitive surgical care of patients with acute appendicitis in rural South Africa.

BACKGROUND Acute appendicitis in rural South Africa is associated with significant morbidity due to prolonged delays before definitive surgical care. OBJECTIVE This audit aimed to quantify the delay in our healthcare system. METHODS From September 2010 to September 2012, all patients with confirmed acute appendicitis were interviewed and asked about the onset of symptoms and subsequent events in the disease process. Events before and after contact with the healthcare system were referred to as the pre-hospital or behavioural domain and the in-hospital or assessment domain, respectively. RESULTS Of the 500 patients, 350 (70.0%) experienced a delay of>48 hours from onset of symptoms to definitive surgical care. The mean time before treatment for this group was 5 days (range 3 - 7), while the mean for the group without delay was 1.6 days (range 1 - 2) (p<0.0001). Of 463 delays, 291 were in the behavioural domain and 172 in the assessment domain; 178 patients (50.9%) experienced delay in the behavioural domain only, 59 (16.9%) in the assessment domain only, and 113 (32.2%) in both domains. The mean ambulance transport time from the district hospital to the regional hospital was 4.9 hours. CONCLUSION There are barriers that prevent patients with acute appendicitis from accessing care. There are also prolonged delays within the system once care has been accessed. Both these sources of delay need to be addressed by quality improvement programmes.
Real Exchange Rates, Dollarization and Industrial Employment in Latin America

This paperuses a panel dataset on industrial employment and trade for 9 Latin American countries for which liability dollarization data at the industrial level is available. It tests whether real exchange rate fluctuations have a significant impact on employment, and analyze whether the impact varies with the degree of trade openness and liability dollarization. Econometric evidence supports the view that real exchange rate depreciations can impact employment growth positively, but this effect is reversed as liability dollarization increases. In industries with high liability dollarization, the overall impact of a real exchange rate depreciation can be negative.