Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Method for the Synthesis of Heterospin Complexes

The interaction of binuclear Co(II) pivalate [Сo2(H2O)Piv4(HPiv)4] with nitronyl nitroxide HL1 (2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-3-oxide-1-oxyl) in organic solvents led to the formation of a pentanuclear heterospin complex [Co5(Piv)4L14L22]. A nontrivial peculiarity of the complex is the presence of both the starting nitronyl nitroxide L1 and its deoxygenated derivative imino nitroxide L2 (HL2: 2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-1-oxyl) in its coordination sphere. Based on this, a new synthetic approach was developed, which suggests the use of both the starting radical and the product of its reduction in the reaction with the metal. The suggested approach is a new method for the synthesis of heterospin compounds, including those that cannot be obtained by other methods. It was shown that the reaction of Co(II) pivalate with a mixture of HL1 and HL2 can give a trinuclear heterospin complex [Co3(Piv)2L12L22]. The replacement of Co(II) by Ni(II) completely suppresses the reduction of HL1 into HL2, and Ni(II) pivalate does not react with HL1. The use of a known mixture of HL1 and HL2 in the reaction with [Ni2(H2O)Piv4(HPiv)4], however, led to the formation of a heterospin complex [Ni3L1L22(Piv)3(HPiv)3] also containing both nitronyl nitroxide and imino nitroxide.
Presto: Towards fair and efficient HTTP adaptive streaming from multiple servers

Though HTTP adaptive video streaming has been widely adopted in the industry, it has been shown that it suffers from lackluster performance with respect to a number of desirable properties: fairness, efficiency, and stability, especially when multiple players compete for a bottleneck link. Effective algorithms have been proposed for single-server HTTP adaptive streaming to mitigate these problems. In this paper, we present an in-depth analysis on these desirable properties in the context of using HTTP adaptive streaming from multiple servers, which demonstrate that these properties will no longer hold with the existing algorithms. To address this challenge, we present Presto, a new protocol designed to improve the user experience by providing better fairness, efficiency and stability in the context of multi-server HTTP adaptive streaming. Our real-world experimental results indicate that Presto substantially outperforms existing protocols in the multiple server scenario.
Attentional Enhancement of Auditory Mismatch Responses: a DCM/MEG Study

Despite similar behavioral effects, attention and expectation influence evoked responses differently: Attention typically enhances event-related responses, whereas expectation reduces them. This dissociation has been reconciled under predictive coding, where prediction errors are weighted by precision associated with attentional modulation. Here, we tested the predictive coding account of attention and expectation using magnetoencephalography and modeling. Temporal attention and sensory expectation were orthogonally manipulated in an auditory mismatch paradigm, revealing opposing effects on evoked response amplitude. Mismatch negativity (MMN) was enhanced by attention, speaking against its supposedly pre-attentive nature. This interaction effect was modeled in a canonical microcircuit using dynamic causal modeling, comparing models with modulation of extrinsic and intrinsic connectivity at different levels of the auditory hierarchy. While MMN was explained by recursive interplay of sensory predictions and prediction errors, attention was linked to the gain of inhibitory interneurons, consistent with its modulation of sensory precision.
DER containing two consecutive GTP-binding domains plays an essential role in chloroplast ribosomal RNA processing and ribosome biogenesis in higher plants

Chloroplast-localized DER (Double Era-like GTPase) contains two consecutive GTP-binding domains, each of which possesses GTPase activity. DER binds to 23S and 16S ribosomal RNAs, and plays an essential role in chloroplast ribosomal RNA processing and ribosome biogenesis in higher plants
Mechanical and metabolic determinants of the preferred step width in human walking

We studied the selection of preferred step width in human walking by measuring mechanical and metabolic costs as a function of experimentally manipulated step width (0.00–0.45L, as a fraction of leg length L). We estimated mechanical costs from individual limb external mechanical work and metabolic costs using open circuit respirometry. The mechanical and metabolic costs both increased substantially (54 and 45%, respectively) for widths greater than the preferred value (0.15–0.45L) and with step width squared (R2 = 0.91 and 0.83, respectively). As predicted by a three-dimensional model of walking mechanics, the increases in these costs appear to be a result of the mechanical work required for redirecting the centre of mass velocity during the transition between single stance phases (step–to–step transition costs). The metabolic cost for steps narrower than preferred (0.10–0.00L) increased by 8%, which was probably as a result of the added cost of moving the swing leg laterally in order to avoid the stance leg (lateral limb swing cost). Trade–offs between the step–to–step transition and lateral limb swing costs resulted in a minimum metabolic cost at a step width of 0.12L, which is not significantly different from foot width (0.11L) or the preferred step width (0.13L). Humans appear to prefer a step width that minimizes metabolic cost.
Iggression: an examination of the role of digital technologies in the 2011 Arab Awakening

ii Acknowledgments . iii List of Tables . vi List of Illustrations . vii List of Abbreviations . viii Chapter One – The Problem . 1 Chapter Two – Conceptual Framework . 11 2.1 Previous explanations for political instability. 12 2.2 Regime type and political instability . 17 2.3 Role of media censorship . 21 2.4 The role of Internet in political protests . 24 2.5 New social movements . 29 2.6 Castells’ identity-building and space of flows . 35 2.7 Smelser and collective behavior . 36 2.8 Collective identity transition theory. 38 2.9 Conclusion . 43 Chapter Three – Method . 45 3.1 Sample. 45 3.2 Collection measures: dependent variable. 46
A new similarity measure for non-rigid breathing motion compensation of myocardial perfusion MRI

Breathing movements during the image acquisition of first-pass gadolinium enhanced, myocardial perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) hinder a direct automatic analysis of the blood flow of the myocardium. In addition, a qualitative readout by visual tracking is more difficult as well. Non-rigid registration can be used to compensate for these movements in the image series. Because of the local contrast and intensity change over time, the registration criterion needs to be chosen carefully. We propose a measure based on Normalized Gradient Fields (NGF) in order to obtain registration. Since this measure requires strong gradients in the images, we also test combining the measure with the Sum of Squared Differences (SSD) to maintain registration forces over the whole image area. To ensure smoothness, we employ a Laplacian regularizer and use the B-spline based approach to describe the transformation of the image space. Our experiments show that by using NGF good registration results can be obtained for image exhibiting a high intensity contrast. For images with a low intensity contrast, combining NGF and SSD improves the registration results significantly over using NGF only. Both measures are differentiable making possible the application of fast, gradient based optimizers.
Non-unimodular transformations of nested loops

A linear algebraic approach to modeling loop transformations is presented which unifies apparently unrelated recent developments in supercompiler technology. The relationship between the dependence abstraction called dependence cones and fully permutable loop nests is shown. Compound transformations are modeled as matrices. Nonsingular linear transformations that subsume the class of unimodular transformations are presented. Nonunimodular transformations (with determinant>or=1) create 'holes' in the transformed iteration space. The step size of loops is changed in order to 'step aside from these holes' when traversing the transformed iteration space. For the class of nonunimodular loop transformations, algorithms for deriving the loop bounds, the array access expressions, and step sizes of loops in the nest are given. The algorithms are based on the Hermite normal form of the transformation matrix. The use of this approach in several problems such as generation of tile sets, distributed memory code generation, and dependence analysis. <<ETX>>
Viral Oncogene Expression in the Stem/Progenitor Cell Compartment of the Mouse Intestine Induces Adenomatous Polyps

Genetic and epigenetic events that alter gene expression and/or protein function or localization are thought to be the primary mechanism that drives tumorigenesis and governs the clinical behavior of cancers. Yet, a number of studies have shown that the effects of oncogene expression or tumor suppressor ablation are highly dependent on cell type. The molecular basis for this cell-type specificity and how it contributes to tumorigenesis are unknown. Here, expression of a truncated SV40 large T antigen in murine intestinal crypts promoted the formation of numerous adenomatous polyps in the colon and small intestine. In contrast, when the same T-antigen construct is expressed in villous enterocytes, the consequences are limited to hyperplasia and dysplasia. The T-antigen–induced polyps show high levels of the proto-oncogene c-Myc protein even though there is no transport of β-catenin to the nucleus. Targeting the expression of viral oncogenes to intestinal crypts or villi provides a murine model system for studying cell-type specific effects in tumorigenesis, and is particularly relevant to the study of APC/β-catenin–independent pathways contributing to the generation of intestinal polyps. Implications: This mouse model system describes the formation of colon polyps in the absence of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Mol Cancer Res; 12(10); 1355–64. ©2014 AACR.
Anthraquinone Polyamines: Novel Channel Blockers to Study N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptors

The effects of various anthraquinone polyamines (AQP) were studied at recombinant N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The AQP derivatives had different numbers of methylene groups between the NH2 (or NH) groups in their spermidine-like tail. Thus, we termed these derivatives AQ33, AQ34, etc. All AQP derivatives inhibited responses of NR1/NR2 receptors in oocytes voltageclamped at -70 mV, with IC50 values between 4 and 22 μM. The block was strongly voltage-dependent. AQ34 and AQ33b inhibited responses of NR1/NR2 receptors but did not inhibit responses of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors expressed from GluR1 or GluR2(Q), indicating that AQ34 and AQ33b are preferential NMDA antagonists. Results of experiments using mutant NR1 and NR2 subunits identified residues that influence block by AQ34 and AQ33b. These residues are located in the outer vestibule at the selectivity filter/narrowest constriction of the channel and in the inner vestibule below the level of the selectivity filter. The results with mutant NR1 and NR2 subunits are consistent with the idea that NR1(Asn616) and NR2B(Asn616), but not NR2B(Asn615), make the narrowest constriction of NMDA channel.
Assessing the impact of the EU ETS using firm level data

· This paper investigates the impact of the European Union’s Emission Trading System (EU ETS) at a firm level. Using panel data on the emissions and performance of more than 2000 European firms from 2005 to 2008, we are able to analyse the effectiveness of the scheme. · The results suggest that the shift from the first phase (2005-2007) to the second phase (2008-2012) had an impact on the emission reductions carried out by firms. The initial allocation also had a significant impact on emission reduction. This challenges the relevance for the ETS of Coase’s theorem (Coase, 1969), according to which the initial allocation of permits is irrelevant for the post-trading allocation of marketable pollution permits. · Finally, we found that the EU ETS had a modest impact on the participating companies’ performance. We conclude that a full auctioning system could help to reduce emissions but could also have a negative impact on the profits of participating companies.
Enterprise Architecture Documentation: Current Practices and Future Directions

Over the past decade Enterprise Architecture (EA) management ma- tured to a discipline commonly perceived as a strategic advantage. Among oth- ers, EA management helps to identify and realize cost saving potentials in or- ganizations. EA initiatives commonly start by documenting the status-quo of the EA. The respective management discipline analyzes this so-called current state and derives intermediate planned states heading towards a desired target state of the architecture. Several EA frameworks describe this process in theory. However, during practical application, organizations struggle with documenting the EA and lack concrete guidance during the process. To underline our obser- vations and confirm our hypotheses, we conducted a survey among 140 EA practitioners to analyze issues organizations face while documenting the EA and keeping the documentation up to date. In this paper we present results on current practices, challenges, and automation techniques for EA documentation in a descriptive manner.
Cargo-selective endosomal sorting for retrieval to the Golgi requires retromer

fEndosome-to-Golgi retrieval of the mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR) is required for lysosome biogenesis. Currently, this pathway is poorly understood. Analyses in yeast identified a complex of proteins called “retromer” that is essential for endosome-to-Golgi retrieval of the carboxypeptidase Y receptor Vps10p. Retromer comprises five distinct proteins: Vps35p, 29p, 26p, 17p, and 5p, which are conserved in mammals. Here, we show that retromer is required for the efficient retrieval of the cation-independent MPR (CI-MPR). Cells lacking mammalian VPS26 fail to retrieve the CI-MPR, resulting in either rapid degradation of or mislocalization to the plasma membrane. We have localized mVPS26 to multivesicular body endosomes by electron microscopy, and through the use of CD8 reporter protein constructs have examined the effect of loss of mVPS26 upon the trafficking of membrane proteins that cycle between the endosome and the Golgi. The data presented here support the hypothesis that retromer performs a selective function in endosome-to-Golgi transport, mediating retrieval of the CI-MPR, but not furin.
Differential Effects of Cerebellar Inactivation on Eyeblink Conditioned Excitation and Inhibition

The neural mechanisms underlying excitatory and inhibitory eyeblink conditioning were compared using muscimol inactivation of the cerebellum. In experiment 1, rats were given saline or muscimol infusions into the anterior interpositus nucleus ipsilateral to the conditioned eye before each of four daily excitatory conditioning sessions. Postinfusion testing continued for four more excitatory conditioning sessions. All rats were given a final test session after muscimol infusions. The muscimol infusions inactivated the cerebellar nuclei, lateral anterior lobe, crus I, rostral crus II, and lobule HVI ipsilateral to the conditioned eye. Acquisition of excitatory conditioning was completely prevented by muscimol inactivation. In experiment 2, there were four experimental phases. Phase 1 consisted of excitatory conditioning. In phase 2, rats were given saline or muscimol infusions before conditioned inhibition training. Phase 3 consisted of continued conditioned inhibition training with no drug infusions. In phase 4, all rats received a retardation test in which the inhibitory stimulus was paired with the unconditioned stimulus. Muscimol infusions blocked the expression of conditioned responses during phase 2. However, robust conditioned inhibition was evident in phases 3 and 4. The findings indicate that conditioned excitation and inhibition depend on different mechanisms.
Fractures and Alliances: Labour Relations and Worker Experiences in Construction

Construction is important by virtue of its prevalence in Canada; it is one of the most common types of employment held by men, employing approximately 1.4 million people. Its ubiquity, in addition to its connection to growth in other sectors, has meant that the construction sector is closely followed by governments, who often view construction employment as both an indicator of growth and a source of economic stimulus.3 Despite this, however, labour scholars have paid less attention to construction than to other sectors of employment. Though there is a sizable literature on health and safety and on gender in the construction trades, research about contemporary labour relations is notably sparse. Undeniably, conducting research on construction workers and unions is challenging. The mobile and fragmented character of the construction industry makes recruiting interview participants difficult, and labour unions are often secretive and reluctant to share information with researchers. Unions in the sector also have a mixed history, on the one hand giving voice to workers’ concerns and providing for worker protection, while on the other hand supporting right-leaning governments, promoting business unionism and creating divisions between unionized and non-unionized workers and skilled and unskilled workers. Understanding the complexity of the industry, both its organized and its unorganized elements, is thus a demanding research endeavour.
NORC at the University of Chicago The University of Chicago Assessing the Impact of Eliminating Affirmative Action in Higher Education

Assessing the Impact of Eliminating Affirmative Action in Higher Education Author(s): Jessica S. Howell Reviewed work(s): Source: Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 28, No. 1 (January 2010), pp. 113-166 Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of the Society of Labor Economists and the NORC at the University of Chicago Stable URL: http://www.jstor. org/stable/10.1086/648415 . Accessed: 10/08/2012 15:44
Decision-feedback differential detection based on linear prediction for MDPSK signals transmitted over Ricean fading channels

In this paper, linear prediction-based decision-feedback differential detection (DF-DD) for M-ary differential phase-shift keying (MDPSK) signals transmitted over Ricean fading channels is proposed. This scheme can improve conventional DD significantly for a multitude of frequency-nonselective channels, as shown analytically and by computer simulations. Prediction-based DF-DD is particularly well suited for application in mobile communications since the predictor coefficients may be updated regularly using the recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm. Here, adaptation can start blind, i.e., no training sequence and no a prior knowledge about the channel statistics are required. A further important characteristic of the proposed detection scheme is that no degradation occurs under frequency offset. The bit error rate (BER) performance of QDPSK with genie-aided prediction-based DF-DD is analyzed, and it is shown under which conditions the irreducible error floor of conventional DD can be removed entirely. In addition, the influence of Doppler shift is discussed. Last, the proposed scheme is compared with a second DF-DD scheme, which is based on multiple-symbol detection.
Disgust images and nonprofit children’s causes

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the usefulness of disgust imagery in a nonprofit organization context as one part of the broader social marketing paradigm. Design/methodology/approach An experiment was conducted in the child victim segment of the market using disgust and nondisgust images. Data were collected from 167 subjects via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Dependent variables measured included donation intention, empathy and guilt. Control variables included religiosity and attitude toward helping others, along with demographic factors. Findings MANCOVA results indicate that while the disgust image evoked greater empathy, the nondisgust image evoked greater donation intentions. The disgust image had a nonsignificant effect on the level of guilt felt by subjects. Mediation analysis indicates that empathy serves as a competitive mediator for the disgust–donation intentions relationship. Research limitations/implications This study examines the effects of disgust images on empathy, guilt and donation intentions. Although the findings indicate a contrasting effect of disgust on empathy and donation intentions, more research is needed to validate these findings with diverse samples, contexts and various donation behavior measures. Regarding charitable giving, the current findings suggest caution should be used when using disgust images to evoke empathy, as the tactic may also negatively affect donation intentions. Social implications Nonprofits that effectively apply marketing can change individual and community behavior. To continue their work, they rely on donors and volunteers. This study provides social marketers. Originality/value Past research has demonstrated the effectiveness of disgust appeals for deterring behavior. In contrast, this research provides unique insights into disgust appeals as a catalyst for motivating behavior. This research provides a much-needed empirical evaluation of disgust appeals in a social marketing context.
Une approche basée sur les processus et dirigée par les compétences pour l'éducation en ingenierie des systèmes

Au cours de cette these, nous avons examinee les pratiques actuelles en matiere d'education en IS. Nous avons propose une approche centree sur l'utilisation des processus normalises en IS, tout en faisant en sorte que le scenario d'apprentissage soit tres adaptable et qu'il puisse etre pilote par les competences d'IS acquises ou a acquerir. Ensuite, une plateforme Web a ete developpee pour soutenir cette nouvelle approche d'apprentissage. En utilisant cette approche, les etudiants ne seront pas seulement en mesure de bien concevoir le systeme demande de maniere distante et collaborative, mais ils seront aussi capables de l'elaborer de maniere appropriee. Cela leur permettra d'apprendre les principes et processus fondamentaux de l'IS, a mieux communiquer dans un environement de travail, la gestion d'equipe, la collaboration et les competences techniques connexes. Les formateurs d'un autre cote pourront mieux gerer leur parcours d'apprentissage, les ressources pedagogiques, et les resultats escomptes. En utilisant cette solution, les organisations de ces formateurs et etudiants, c'est-a-dire les universites et colleges, pourront gerer et normaliser les competences acquises par leurs futurs ingenieurs systemes a tous les niveaux.