Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Language interference and inhibition in early and late successive bilingualism

The present study explores whether age of onset of exposure to the second language affects interference resolution at the grammatical gender level and whether cognitive functions contribute to interference resolution. Early and late successive Serbian–Greek bilinguals living in the second language context, along with monolinguals, performed a picture-word interference naming task in a single-language context and a non-verbal inhibition task. We found that gender interference from the first language was only present in late successive bilinguals. Early bilinguals exhibited no interference from the grammatical gender of their mother tongue and showed more enhanced inhibitory abilities than the rest of the groups in the non-verbal task. The distinct sizes of interference from the grammatical gender of the first language across the two bilingual groups is explained by early successive bilinguals’ more enhanced domain-general inhibitory processes in the resolution of between-language conflict at the grammatical gender level relative to late successive bilinguals.
Comparing Performance Parameters of Mobile App Development Strategies

Mobile cross-platform tools (CPTs) provide an interesting alternative to native development. Cross-platform tools aim at sharing a significant portion of the application codebase between the implementations for the different platforms. This can drastically decrease the development costs of mobile applications. There is, however, some reluctance of mobile application developers to adopt these tools. One of the reasons is that the landscape of CPTs is so diverse that it is hard to select the most suitable CPT to implement a specific application. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, it presents a performance analysis of a fully functional mobile application implemented with ten cross-platform tools and native for Android, iOS and Windows Phone. The performance tests are executed on a high- and low-end Android and iOS device, and a Windows Phone device. Second, based on the performance analysis, general conclusions of which application developers should be aware when selecting a specific (type of) cross-platform tool are drawn.
Spatial multiplexing over correlated MIMO channels with a closed-form precoder

This paper addresses the problem of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) spatial multiplexing (SM) systems in the presence of antenna fading correlation. Existing SM schemes (e.g., V-BLAST) rely on the linear independence of transmit antenna channel responses for stream separation and suffer considerably from high levels of fading correlation. As a result, such algorithms simply fail to extract the nonzero capacity that is present even in highly correlated spatial channels. The authors make the simple but key point that only one transmit antenna is needed to send several independent streams if those streams are appropriately superposed to form a high-order modulation (e.g., two 4-quadratic amplitude modulation (4-QAM) signals form a 16-QAM). The concept builds upon constellation multiplexing (CM) (D. Gesbert and J. Akhtar, Smart Antennas in Europe-State-of-the-Art, 2005) whereby distinct QAM streams are superposed to form a higher order constellation with rate equivalent to the sum of rates of all original streams. In contrast to SM transmission, the substreams in CM schemes are differentiated through power scaling rather than through spatial signatures. The authors build on this idea to present a new transmission scheme based on a precoder, adjusting the phase and power of the input constellations in closed form as a function of the antenna correlation. This yields a rate-preserving MIMO multiplexing scheme that can operate smoothly at any degree of correlation. At the extreme correlation case (identical channels), the scheme behaves equivalent to sending a single higher order modulation whose independent components are mapped to the different antennas.
Concentration and exact convergence rates for expected Brownian signatures

The signature of a dd-dimensional Brownian motion is a sequence of iterated Stratonovich integrals along the Brownian paths, an object taking values in the tensor algebra over RdRd. In this article, we derive the exact rate of convergence for the expected signatures of piecewise linear approximations to Brownian motion. The computation is based on the identification of the set of words whose coefficients are of the leading order, and the convergence is concentrated on this subset of words. Moreover, under the choice of l1l1 tensor norm, we give the explicit value of the leading term constant.
Investigating Distribution of Data of HTTP Traffic: An Empirical Study

Internet traffic today is dominated by that of the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP). Understanding the statistical characteristics of the data transferred via HTTP helps better model traffic patterns. In this work, we conduct an empirical study by employing an experiment that accesses roughly 34,000 of the most popular Web sites on the Internet today and crawls their Web pages. We collect metadata information on the retrieved roughly two million objects. We determine statistics and distributions based on object sizes, occurrence of specific types, and sizes of specific types. The data of the distributions produced can be used as a template model for Web-traffic modeling in future research. We further note an intriguing result that 5.7% of HTTP traffic from Web servers to clients is due to sending spacer objects (image files representing a 1times1 white-space pixel) or to stale links referencing non-existing files. Such squander in bandwidth is not due to overhead and can be minimized by simple additions to the HTML standard and by automating the process of removing stale links
Exploring the impact of inter-smell relations on software maintainability: An empirical study

Code smells are indicators of issues with source code quality that may hinder evolution. While previous studies mainly focused on the effects of individual code smells on maintainability, we conjecture that not only the individual code smells but also the interactions between code smells affect maintenance. We empirically investigate the interactions amongst 12 code smells and analyze how those interactions relate to maintenance problems. Professional developers were hired for a period of four weeks to implement change requests on four medium-sized Java systems with known smells. On a daily basis, we recorded what specific problems they faced and which artifacts were associated with them. Code smells were automatically detected in the pre-maintenance versions of the systems and analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify patterns of co-located code smells. Analysis of these factors with the observed maintenance problems revealed how smells that were co-located in the same artifact interacted with each other, and affected maintainability. Moreover, we found that code smell interactions occurred across coupled artifacts, with comparable negative effects as same-artifact co-location. We argue that future studies into the effects of code smells on maintainability should integrate dependency analysis in their process so that they can obtain a more complete understanding by including such coupled interactions.
Paving the Way for Security in Cloud-Based Mobile Augmentation Systems

Despite their steadily increasing capabilities, mobile end-user devices such as smart phones often suffer from reduced processing and storage resources. Cloud-based mobile augmentation (CMA) has recently emerged as a potential solution to this problem. CMA combines concepts of cloud computing and surrogate computing in order to offload resource-intensive tasks to external resources. During the past years, different CMA frameworks have been introduced that enable the development and usage of CMA-based applications. Unfortunately, these frameworks have usually not been designed with security in mind but instead mainly focus on efficient offloading and reintegration mechanisms. Hence, reliance on CMA concepts in security-critical fields of application is currently not advisable. To address this problem, this paper surveys currently available CMA frameworks and assesses their suitability and applicability in security-critical fields of application. For this purpose, relevant security requirements are identified and mapped to the surveyed CMA frameworks. Results obtained from this assessment show that none of the surveyed CMA framework is currently able to meet all relevant security requirements. By identifying security limitations of currently available CMA frameworks, this paper represents a first important step towards development of a secure CMA framework and hence paves the way for a use of CMA-based applications in security-critical fields of application.
PENGARUH CITRA MEREK, KUALITAS PRODUK, HARGA TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN TAS DI INTAKO

ABSTRACT This research is meant to find out the influence of brand image, product quality and price to the purchasing decision at Intako. The independent variables consist of brand image, product quality, and price has influence to the purchasing decision as the dependent variable. This research has been conducted at Intako Cooperation in Tanggulangin. The data collection method of this research has been done by issuing questionnaires which have been filled in by the respondents which are the customers who have ever purchased at least twice at Intako cooperation. 100 people have been selected as respondents the sample collection method has been carried out by using accidental sampling method. The result of partial test or t test shows that brand image, product quality, and price to the purchasing decision at Intako is significant. This condition is indicated by the significant acquisition of each variables is less than α = 5%. The result of the test simultaneous shows that the research models have significant influence to the purchasing decision at Intako. It is supported by the result of correlation coefficient is 82.8% which shows that simultaneously the correlation between these independent variables to the purchasing decision at Intako is firm. Keywords: Brand image, product quality, price, purchasing decision.
Mitochondrial BKCa channel

Since its discovery in a glioma cell line 15 years ago, mitochondrial BKCa channel (mitoBKCa) has been studied in brain cells and cardiomyocytes sharing general biophysical properties such as high K+ conductance (~300 pS), voltage-dependency and Ca2+-sensitivity. Main advances in deciphering the molecular composition of mitoBKCa have included establishing that it is encoded by the Kcnma1 gene, that a C-terminal splice insert confers mitoBKCa ability to be targeted to cardiac mitochondria, and evidence for its potential coassembly with β subunits. Notoriously, β1 subunit directly interacts with cytochrome c oxidase and mitoBKCa can be modulated by substrates of the respiratory chain. mitoBKCa channel has a central role in protecting the heart from ischemia, where pharmacological activation of the channel impacts the generation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial Ca2+ preventing cell death likely by impeding uncontrolled opening of the mitochondrial transition pore. Supporting this view, inhibition of mitoBKCa with Iberiotoxin, enhances cytochrome c release from glioma mitochondria. Many tantalizing questions remain open. Some of them are: how is mitoBKCa coupled to the respiratory chain? Does mitoBKCa play non-conduction roles in mitochondria physiology? Which are the functional partners of mitoBKCa? What are the roles of mitoBKCa in other cell types? Answers to these questions are essential to define the impact of mitoBKCa channel in mitochondria biology and disease.
A Confidence-Aware Approach for Truth Discovery on Long-Tail Data

In many real world applications, the same item may be described by multiple sources. As a consequence, conflicts among these sources are inevitable, which leads to an important task: how to identify which piece of information is trustworthy, i.e., the truth discovery task. Intuitively, if the piece of information is from a reliable source, then it is more trustworthy, and the source that provides trustworthy information is more reliable. Based on this principle, truth discovery approaches have been proposed to infer source reliability degrees and the most trustworthy information (i.e., the truth) simultaneously. However, existing approaches overlook the ubiquitous long-tail phenomenon in the tasks, i.e., most sources only provide a few claims and only a few sources make plenty of claims, which causes the source reliability estimation for small sources to be unreasonable. To tackle this challenge, we propose a confidence-aware truth discovery (CATD) method to automatically detect truths from conflicting data with long-tail phenomenon. The proposed method not only estimates source reliability, but also considers the confidence interval of the estimation, so that it can effectively reflect real source reliability for sources with various levels of participation. Experiments on four real world tasks as well as simulated multi-source long-tail datasets demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing state-of-the-art truth discovery approaches by successful discounting the effect of small sources.
Solving queries by tree projections

Suppose a database schema <bold>D</bold> is extended to <bold>D¯</bold> by adding new relation schemas, and states for <bold>D</bold> are extended to states for <bold>D¯</bold> by applying joins and projections to existing relations. It is shown that certain desirable properties that <bold>D¯</bold> has with respect to <bold>D</bold>. These properties amount to the ability to compute efficiently the join of all relations in a state for <bold>D</bold> from an extension of this state over <bold>D¯</bold>. The equivalence is proved for unrestricted (i.e., both finite and infinite) databases. If <bold>D¯</bold> is obtained from <bold>D</bold> by adding a set of new relation schemas that form a tree schema, then the equivalence also holds for finite databases. In this case there is also a polynomial time algorithm for testing the existence of a tree projection of <bold>D¯</bold> with respect to <bold>D</bold>.
The Dynamics and Political Implications of Anti-Intellectualism in the United States

Recently, Americans have become increasingly likely to hold anti-intellectual attitudes (i.e., negative affect toward scientists and other experts). However, few have investigated the political implications of anti-intellectualism, and much empirical uncertainty surrounds whether or not these attitudes can be mitigated. Drawing on cross-sectional General Social Survey (GSS) data and a national election panel in 2016, I find that anti-intellectualism is associated with not only the rejection of policy-relevant matters of scientific consensus but support for political movements (e.g., “Brexit”) and politicians (e.g., George Wallace, Donald Trump) who are skeptical of experts. Critically, though, I show that these effects can be mitigated. Verbal intelligence plays a strong role in mitigating anti-intellectual sympathies, compared with previously studied potential mitigators. I conclude by discussing how scholars might build on this research to study the political consequences of anti-intellectualism in the future.
Der Open-access-publikationsserver Der Zbw – Leibniz-informationszentrum Wirtschaft the Open Access Publication Server of the Zbw – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics Agent-based Macroeconomics -a Baseline Model Agent-based Macroeconomics -a Baseline Model - Agent-based Macroeconomics – a Base

Terms of use: The ZBW grants you, the user, the non-exclusive right to use the selected work free of charge, territorially unrestricted and within the time limit of the term of the property rights according to the terms specified at → http://www.econstor. eu/dspace/Nutzungsbedingungen By the first use of the selected work the user agrees and declares to comply with these terms of use. Abstract This paper develops a baseline agent-based macroeconomic model and contrasts it with the common dynamic stochastic general equilibrium approach. Although simple, the model can reproduce a lot of the stylized facts of business cycles. The author argues that agent-based modeling is an adequate response to the recently expressed criticism of macroeconomic methodology. It does not depend on the strict assumption of rationality and allows for aggregate behavior that is more than simply a replication of microeconomic optimization decisions. At the same time it allows for absolutely consistent micro foundations. Most importantly, it does not depend on equilibrium assumptions or fictitious auctioneers and does therefore not rule out coordination failures, instability and crisis by definition.
From the Cover : Conserved patterns of protein interaction in multiple species

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Characteristic Features of Kynurenine Aminotransferase Allosterically Regulated by (Alpha)-Ketoglutarate in Cooperation with Kynurenine

Kynurenine aminotransferase from Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3 (PhKAT), which is a homodimeric protein, catalyzes the conversion of kynurenine (KYN) to kynurenic acid (KYNA). We analyzed the transaminase reaction mechanisms of this protein with pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP), KYN and α-ketoglutaric acid (2OG) or oxaloacetic acid (OXA). 2OG significantly inhibited KAT activities in kinetic analyses, suggesting that a KYNA biosynthesis is allosterically regulated by 2OG. Its inhibitions evidently were unlocked by KYN. 2OG and KYN functioned as an inhibitor and activator in response to changes in the concentrations of KYN and 2OG, respectively. The affinities of one subunit for PLP or 2OG were different from that of the other subunit, as confirmed by spectrophotometry and isothermal titration calorimetry, suggesting that the difference of affinities between subunits might play a role in regulations of the KAT reaction. Moreover, we identified two active and allosteric sites in the crystal structure of PhKAT-2OG complexes. The crystal structure of PhKAT in complex with four 2OGs demonstrates that two 2OGs in allosteric sites are effector molecules which inhibit the KYNA productions. Thus, the combined data lead to the conclusion that PhKAT probably is regulated by allosteric control machineries, with 2OG as the allosteric inhibitor.
Automatic Diagnosis of Abnormal Tumor Region from Brain Computed Tomography Images Using Wavelet Based Statistical Texture Features

The research work presented in this paper is to achieve the tissue classification and automatically diagnosis the abnormal tumor region present in Computed Tomography (CT) images using the wavelet based statistical texture analysis method. Comparative studies of texture analysis method are performed for the proposed wavelet based texture analysis method and Spatial Gray Level Dependence Method (SGLDM). Our proposed system consists of four phases i) Discrete Wavelet Decomposition (ii) Feature extraction (iii) Feature selection (iv) Analysis of extracted texture features by classifier. A wavelet based statistical texture feature set is derived from normal and tumor regions. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to select the optimal texture features from the set of extracted texture features. We construct the Support Vector Machine (SVM) based classifier and evaluate the performance of classifier by comparing the classification results of the SVM based classifier with the Back Propagation Neural network classifier(BPN). The results of Support Vector Machine (SVM), BPN classifiers for the texture analysis methods are evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. Experimental results show that the classification accuracy of SVM is 96% for 10 fold cross validation method. The system has been tested with a number of real Computed Tomography brain images and has achieved satisfactory results.
A new method for the estimate of vec {H_0} from quadruply imaged gravitational lens systems

We present a new method to estimate the Hubble constant H 0 from the measured time delays in quadruply imaged gravitational lens systems. We show how it is possible to get an estimate of H 0 without the need to completelyreconstruct the lensing potential thus avoiding any a priori hypothesis on the expression of the galaxy lens model. Our method only needs to assume that the lens potential may be expressed as r α F(θ), whatever the shape function F(θ) is, and it is thus able to fully explore the degeneracy in the mass models taking also into account the presence of an external shear. We test the method on simulated cases and show that it does work well in recovering the correct value of the slope a of the radial profile and of the Hubble constant H 0 . Then, we apply the same method to the real quadruple lenses PG 1115+080 and B1422+231 obtaining H 0 = 58 + 1 7 - 1 5 km s - 1 Mpc - 1 (68% CL).
No country for old members: user lifecycle and linguistic change in online communities

Vibrant online communities are in constant flux. As members join and depart, the interactional norms evolve, stimulating further changes to the membership and its social dynamics. Linguistic change --- in the sense of innovation that becomes accepted as the norm --- is essential to this dynamic process: it both facilitates individual expression and fosters the emergence of a collective identity. We propose a framework for tracking linguistic change as it happens and for understanding how specific users react to these evolving norms. By applying this framework to two large online communities we show that users follow a determined two-stage lifecycle with respect to their susceptibility to linguistic change: a linguistically innovative learning phase in which users adopt the language of the community followed by a conservative phase in which users stop changing and the evolving community norms pass them by. Building on this observation, we show how this framework can be used to detect, early in a user's career, how long she will stay active in the community. Thus, this work has practical significance for those who design and maintain online communities. It also yields new theoretical insights into the evolution of linguistic norms and the complex interplay between community-level and individual-level linguistic change.
Flies evolved small bodies and cells at high or fluctuating temperatures

Abstract Recent theory predicts that the sizes of cells will evolve according to fluctuations in body temperature. Smaller cells speed metabolism during periods of warming but require more energy to maintain and repair. To evaluate this theory, we studied the evolution of cell size in populations of Drosophila melanogaster held at either a constant temperature (16°C or 25°C) or fluctuating temperatures (16 and 25°C). Populations that evolved at fluctuating temperatures or a constant 25°C developed smaller thoraxes, wings, and cells than did flies exposed to a constant 16°C. The cells of flies from fluctuating environments were intermediate in size to those of flies from constant environments. Most genetic variation in cell size was independent of variation in wing size, suggesting that cell size was a target of selection. These evolutionary patterns accord with patterns of developmental plasticity documented previously. Future studies should focus on the mechanisms that underlie the selective advantage of small cells at high or fluctuating temperatures.