Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating the link between intrusive memories and cognitive control

Intrusive memories are memories for negative autobiographical events that come to mind without being deliberately recalled (Hackmann, Ehlers, Speckens, & Clark, 2004). Previous research has demonstrated that intrusive memories, and negative reactions to intrusive memories, are an important feature of depression (Starr & Moulds, 2006; Williams & Moulds, 2008b) and contribute to the maintenance of depression longitudinally (Newby & Moulds, 2011c). It has also been established that intrusive memory experience is related to individual differences in cognitive control, specifically in proactive interference resolution (Verwoerd, Wessel, & de Jong, 2009; Verwoerd, Wessel, de Jong, Nieuwenhuis, & Huntjens, 2011). The present thesis aimed to extend upon these existing findings, using the Dual Mechanism of Control theory, which distinguishes between proactive and reactive modes of control (Braver, Gray, & Burgess, 2007). Furthermore, in view of some recent ambiguity of the defining feature of an intrusive memory, as compared to a negative involuntary memory more generally (Kvavilashvili, 2014; Moulds & Krans, 2015), another goal of the thesis was to incorporate a wider focus of involuntary memories, rather than focusing only on traditionally studied intrusive memories. Participants from the student population and local community were tested. Overall, results provide some evidence for a negative involuntary memory related deficit in proactive control, on both a classic and an emotional version of the AX-Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT). Conversely, there was no link between intrusive or involuntary memory experience and reactive control. A brief mindfulness and self-compassion based intervention, designed to reduce negative reactions to intrusive memories, was also tested. The intervention was successful in reducing intrusive-memory distress, and recommendations for the future development of the intervention are presented.
Large deviations in the supercritical branching process

The tail behaviour of the limit of the normalized population size in the simple supercritical branching process, W, is studied. Most of the results concern those cases when a tail of the distribution function of W decays exponentially quickly. In essence, knowledge of the behaviour of transforms can be combined with some ‘large-deviation' theory to get detailed information on the oscillation of the distribution function of W near zero or at infinity. In particular we show how an old result of Harris (1948) on the asymptotics of the moment-generating function of W translates to tail behaviour.
Election Outcome and Tax Compliance: The Role of Political Party Affiliation, Affect Balance, and Trust in Government

The present study examines partisan reactions to presidential election outcomes. Our model investigates the interactive role of political party affiliation on the relationship between identification with the winning party and affect balance. We subsequently examine how tax compliance intentions are influenced by this moderation relationship through affect balance and trust in government. We conducted a quasi-experiment one week prior to the first mass 2016 presidential primary, where 12 of the 50 US states voted to decide which candidates would represent the Republican and Democratic parties in the 2016 US presidential election. Our sample consisted of 205 Republicans and Democrats. We manipulated press releases showing various presidential candidates winning the presidency to examine how matches / mismatches between partisans’ political party affiliation and the party winning the election influence citizens’ overall feelings, beliefs, and intentions. We find election outcomes generate significant overall positive or negative feelings (i.e., affect balance) among partisans, which influences beliefs about trust in government, and subsequently their tax compliance intentions. Political party moderates the relationship between election outcomes and affect balance in such a way that Democrats experience greater overall positive affect balance when their party wins the election compared to Republicans.
Modulation of Host miRNAs by Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of protein coding genes of viruses and eukaryotes at the post-transcriptional level. The eukaryotic genes regulated by miRNAs include those whose products are critical for biological processes such as cell proliferation, metabolic pathways, immune response, and development. It is now increasingly recognized that modulation of miRNAs associated with biological processes is one of the strategies adopted by bacterial pathogens to survive inside host cells. In this review, we present an overview of the recent findings on alterations of miRNAs in the host cells by facultative intracellular bacterial pathogens. In addition, we discuss how the altered miRNAs help in the survival of these pathogens in the intracellular environment.
L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Murine Models of Endometriosis Using a Monoclonal Antibody Approach

Background/Aims The neural cell adhesion molecule L1CAM is a transmembrane glycoprotein abnormally expressed in tumors and previously associated with cell proliferation, adhesion and invasion, as well as neurite outgrowth in endometriosis. Being an attractive target molecule for antibody-based therapy, the present study assessed the ability of the monoclonal anti-L1 antibody (anti-L1 mAb) to impair the development of endometriotic lesions in vivo and endometriosis-associated nerve fiber growth. Methods and Results Endometriosis was experimentally induced in sexually mature B6C3F1 (n=34) and CD-1 nude (n=21) mice by autologous and heterologous transplantation, respectively, of endometrial fragments into the peritoneal cavity. Transplantation was confirmed four weeks post-surgery by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging and laparotomy, respectively. Mice were then intraperitoneally injected with anti-L1 mAb or an IgG isotype control antibody twice weekly, over a period of four weeks. Upon treatment completion, mice were sacrificed and endometrial implants were excised, measured and fixed. Endometriosis was histologically confirmed and L1CAM was detected by immunohistochemistry. Endometriotic lesion size was significantly reduced in anti-L1-treated B6C3F1 and CD-1 nude mice compared to mice treated with control antibody (P<0.05). Accordingly, a decreased number of PCNA positive epithelial and stromal cells was detected in autologously and heterologously induced endometriotic lesions exposed to anti-L1 mAb treatment. Anti-L1-treated mice also presented a diminished number of intraperitoneal adhesions at implantation sites compared with controls. Furthermore, a double-blind counting of anti-neurofilament L stained nerves revealed significantly reduced nerve density within peritoneal lesions in anti-L1 treated B6C3F1 mice (P=0.0039). Conclusions Local anti-L1 mAb treatment suppressed endometriosis growth in B6C3F1 and CD-1 nude mice and exerted a potent anti-neurogenic effect on induced endometriotic lesions in vivo. The findings of this preliminary study in mice provide a strong basis for further testing in in vivo models.
Confocal Microscopy and Image Analysis Indicates a Region-Specific Relation between Active Caspases and Cytoplasm in Ejaculated and Epididymal Sperm

Previously, it was suggested a relation between the presence of apoptosis markers with cytoplasm in mammalian sperm. In this work, flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and image analysis were used to analyze the relationship between active caspase-3 and -7 and intracellular esterases expression in ejaculated or epididymal ram sperm. Sperm obtained from ejaculates from the caput, corpus, or cauda of the epididymis were treated with an inhibitor of active caspase-3 and -7 and a marker of cytoplasmic esterases. Additionally, ejaculated sperm were incubated for one, two, or three hours before evaluation for active caspases. Sperm subpopulations positive for active caspases and/or intracellular esterases were detected by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy; however, image analysis of confocal images showed that the correlation between active caspases and cytoplasmic esterases in sperm is region-specific. Lower values of Spearman correlation coefficients were found when whole sperm or head sperm was analyzed; however, a high correlation was observed for midpiece sperm. Incubation of sperm for two or three hours promoted the autoactivation of caspases. It has been suggested that the presence of apoptotic markers in sperm are related with a process of abortive apoptosis and with errors during spermiogenesis. Our results permit us suggest that the origin of the relationship between active caspases and cytoplasmic esterases is due to differentiation errors occurring during spermiogenesis because the percentages of sperm with active caspases are not different in the caput, corpus, or cauda of the epididymis. In this study we demonstrate that existing sperm subpopulations can express active caspases and intracellular esterases and that the correlation between these molecules is high in midpiece sperm.
Identification of Genes Related to Paulownia Witches’ Broom by AFLP and MSAP

DNA methylation is believed to play important roles in regulating gene expression in plant growth and development. Paulownia witches’ broom (PaWB) infection has been reported to be related to gene expression changes in paulownia plantlets. To determine whether DNA methylation is associated with gene expression changes in response to phytoplasma, we investigated variations in genomic DNA sequence and methylation in PaWB plantlets treated with methyl methane sulfonate (MMS) using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) techniques, respectively. The results indicated that PaWB seedings recovered a normal morphology after treatment with more than 15 mg·L−1 MMS. PaWB infection did not cause changes of the paulownia DNA sequence at the AFLP level; However, DNA methylation levels and patterns were altered. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that three of the methylated genes were up-regulated and three were down-regulated in the MMS-treated PaWB plantlets that had regained healthy morphology. These six genes might be involved in transcriptional regulation, plant defense, signal transduction and energy. The possible roles of these genes in PaWB are discussed. The results showed that changes of DNA methylation altered gene expression levels, and that MSAP might help identify genes related to PaWB.
Effect of root planing on the reduction of probing depth and the gain of clinical attachment depending on the mode of interproximal bone resorption

Purpose The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of root planing on the reduction of probing pocket depth and the gain of clinical attachment depending on the pattern of bone resorption (vertical versus horizontal bone loss) in the interproximal aspect of premolar teeth that showed an initial probing pocket depth of 4-6 mm. Methods In this study, we analyzed 68 teeth (15 from the maxilla and 53 from the mandible) from 32 patients with chronic periodontitis (17 men and 15 women; mean age, 53.6 years). The probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level at all six sites around each tooth were recorded before treatment to establish a baseline value, and then three months and six months after root planing. Results The reduction in interdental pocket depth was 1.1 mm in teeth that experienced horizontal bone loss and 0.7 mm in teeth that experienced vertical bone loss. Interdental attachment was increased by 1.0 mm in teeth with horizontal bone loss and by 0.7 mm in teeth with vertical bone loss. The reduction of probing pocket depth and the gain of clinical attachment occurred regardless of defect patterns three and six months after root planing. Conclusions The reduction of pocket depth and gain in the clinical attachment level were significantly larger in horizontally patterned interproximal bone defects than in vertical bone defects.
Millimeter-wave substrate integrated waveguides and filters in photoimageable thick-film technology

This paper presents the design and fabrication of substrate-integrated waveguides and filters for use at millimeter-wave frequencies. The components described are fabricated using photoimageable thick-film materials. Measurements on V- and W-band waveguide-to-microstrip transitions are presented. Losses resulting from the reduced-height nature of the waveguides are extracted from thru-relect-line calibration standards illustrating the effect of current losses in the broadwalls of the waveguides. The design of fourth-order 0.01-dB ripple Chebyshev resonant cavity filters operating at V-, W-, D-, and G-band is presented. The measured results of all components are in excellent agreement with simulated predictions.
A Recognition Algorithm for Special Linear Groups

contain th speciase l linea SL(rfr grou, q). pAmplifying the problem he said he would be happy to have a program that couldbe used fo r genera l purpose practical computatio in th range e rf ^n 30; Charle sSims suggested tha onte should be more ambitiou ass to degree (sa y d ^ 70 ) bu trestrict onesel tfo the case q = 2. In this pape wr e shall propos ae method whichwe believ teo be practica fol r value osf d up t somewhero e aroun 60d or 70 andwhich is no particularlt y sensitiv to thee size of q. W muse t emphasize howeverthat our ideas hav noe t yet, at th time e of writing, been implemente andd tested.Until adequate evidenc ha accumulates e d such claim nost mus b takee t n veryseriously. Ou algorithr ims partly probabilistic it. Whes respons n ies positiv iettells us that the group generate bdy X certainly does contai SL(rfn , q), but if theoutput is negative, that assertion will usually b onle mady e with probabilit 1y — e,where e is a pre-determined small positive number.The analogous proble fomr permutatio n group is tso decide fo, r a given se t Xof permutation osf a set o sizf e n, whethe thr e subgroup generate bdy X containsthe alternating group Alt(n) An elegan. t probabilistic algorith fo recognizinr m galternating and symmetric group hass been in use fo manr y years Le. t u cals l anelement of th symmetrie c group Sym(n if) on primae of cycle its has prims elength p, non oef the othe r cycles have length divisibl by p, ane d = ps n — 3. Themethod exploit thse following facts:(i) if G i Alt(/zs ) or Sym(n) the an good proportio onf th elemente s o f G areprima;(ii) if G does no contait n Alt(n) and, if G i primitivs a e permutation groupthen G contains no such elements.The forme irs no hart d to prove (see , fo exampler [20, Lectur, e 11]); th lattee rassertion comes from a well-known old theorem of Jordan (see, fo exampler [30, ,Theorem 13.9]). Accordingl the ide ya i s to tes it f G i primitives , whic cahn bedone pretty quickl byy, fo exampler a, method of Atkinson I.f no thet n certainlyG is neither Alt(n no) Sym(n)r I.f G i primitives th, e crucial ste isp to make asuitable numbe orf independent random selection of elements osf G. No mant yare needed—see fo,r exampl [20]e . som If e prima permutation show up thens Gis identified correctl as Alt(ny) o r Sym(n) I.f not the, n with high probabilit G ydoes not contain Alt(n). Thus ther is a smale l probability tha the algoritht m willfail to identify Alt(n or Sym(n) ) . This procedur wa firsts e programme ford
Tetrahydroxystilbene Glucoside Attenuates Neuroinflammation through the Inhibition of Microglia Activation

Neuroinflammation is closely implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. The hallmark of neuroinflammation is the microglia activation. Upon activation, microglia are capable of producing various proinflammatory factors and the accumulation of these factors contribute to the neuronal damage. Therefore, inhibition of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation might hold potential therapy for neurological disorders. 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG), an active component extracted from Polygonum multiflorum, is reported to be beneficial for human health with a great number of pharmacological properties including antioxidant, free radical-scavenging, anti-inflammation, antilipemia, and cardioprotective effects. Recently, TSG-mediated neuroprotective effects have been well demonstrated. However, the neuroprotective actions of TSG on microglia-induced neuroinflammation are not known. In the present study, microglia BV2 cell lines were applied to investigate the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of TSG. Results showed that TSG reduced LPS-induced microglia-derived release of proinflammatory factors such as TNFα, IL-1β, and NO. Moreover, TSG attenuated LPS-induced NADPH oxidase activation and subsequent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Further studies indicated that TSG inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB signaling pathway activation. Together, TSG exerted neuroprotection against microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, suggesting that TSG might present a promising benefit for neurological disorders treatment.
Experience‐weighted Attraction Learning in Normal Form Games

In ‘experience-weighted attraction’ (EWA) learning, strategies have attractions that reflect initial predispositions, are updated based on payoff experience, and determine choice probabilities according to some rule (e.g., logit). A key feature is a parameter δ that weights the strength of hypothetical reinforcement of strategies that were not chosen according to the payoff they would have yielded, relative to reinforcement of chosen strategies according to received payoffs. The other key features are two discount rates, φ and ρ, which separately discount previous attractions, and an experience weight. EWA includes reinforcement learning and weighted fictitious play (belief learning) as special cases, and hybridizes their key elements. When δ= 0 and ρ= 0, cumulative choice reinforcement results. When δ= 1 and ρ=φ, levels of reinforcement of strategies are exactly the same as expected payoffs given weighted fictitious play beliefs. Using three sets of experimental data, parameter estimates of the model were calibrated on part of the data and used to predict a holdout sample. Estimates of δ are generally around . 50, φ around . 8 − 1, and ρ varies from 0 to φ. Reinforcement and belief-learning special cases are generally rejected in favor of EWA, though belief models do better in some constant-sum games. EWA is able to combine the best features of previous approaches, allowing attractions to begin and grow flexibly as choice reinforcement does, but reinforcing unchosen strategies substantially as belief-based models implicitly do.
Social Heuristics and Social Roles: Intuition Favors Altruism for Women But Not for Men

Are humans intuitively altruistic, or does altruism require self-control? A theory of social heuristics, whereby intuitive responses favor typically successful behaviors, suggests that the answer may depend on who you are. In particular, evidence suggests that women are expected to behave altruistically, and are punished for failing to be altruistic, to a much greater extent than men. Thus, women (but not men) may internalize altruism as their intuitive response. Indeed, a meta-analysis of 13 new experiments and 9 experiments from other groups found that promoting intuition relative to deliberation increased giving in a Dictator Game among women, but not among men (Study 1, N = 4,366). Furthermore, this effect was shown to be moderated by explicit sex role identification (Study 2, N = 1,831): the more women described themselves using traditionally masculine attributes (e.g., dominance, independence) relative to traditionally feminine attributes (e.g., warmth, tenderness), the more deliberation reduced their altruism. Our findings shed light on the connection between gender and altruism, and highlight the importance of social heuristics in human prosociality.
The Life-Cycle Hypothesis and the Consumption Behavior of the Elderly

The life-cycle hypothesis (LCHO) is based on the common-sense idea that households do not make saving or dis saving decisions solely on the basis of their current income and wealth, but that they also take into account their expected future circumstances and are affected by their past experience. In particular, because people can anticipate that their incomes will fall sharply when they retire, they save when younger and dissave after retirement so as to maintain, more or less, their previous standards of living. This paper presents new data on income and consumption that are more appropriate for testing the LCHO than the data used in previous studies. Then we examine the average propensities to consume of the elderly and nonelderly and show how they do not accord with the LCHO. The LCHO predicts that the elderly dissave, or at least that they have a significantly higher average propensity to consume, at a given level of income, than the nonelderly. In fact, we found strong evidence to the contrary; i.e., the elderly not only do not dissave to finance their consumption during retirement, they spend less on consumption goods and services (save significantly more) than the nonelderly at all levels of income. Moreover, the oldest of the elderly save the most at given levels of income. After testing some adjustments that attempt to salvage the LCHO, we suggest alternative explanations for the observed higher average propensities to consume of the elderly.
To Harvest and Jam: A Paradigm of Self-Sustaining Friendly Jammers for Physical Layer Security

This paper studies the use of multi-antenna harvest-and-jam (HJ) helpers in a multi-antenna amplify-and-forward (AF) relay wiretap channel assuming that the direct link between the source and destination is broken. Our objective is to maximize the secrecy rate at the destination subject to the transmit power constraints of the AF relay and the HJ helpers. In the case of perfect channel state information (CSI), the joint optimization of the artificial noise (AN) covariance matrix for jamming and the AF beamforming matrix is studied using semi-definite relaxation (SDR) which is tight, while suboptimal solutions are also devised with lower complexity. For the imperfect CSI case, we provide the equivalent reformulation of the worst-case robust optimization to maximize the minimum achievable secrecy rate. Inspired by the optimal solution to the case of perfect CSI, a suboptimal robust scheme is proposed striking a good tradeoff between complexity and performance. Finally, numerical results for various settings are provided to evaluate the proposed schemes.
The Investigation of The Relationships Between Organisational Justice, Work Motivation and Teacher Performance

Bu calismada ogretmen goruslerine gore orgutsel adalet, ogretmen motivasyonu ve ogretmen performansi arasindaki iliskiler incelenmistir. Arastirmanin calisma grubunu 2016-2017 egitim-ogretim yilinda kamu okullarinda gorev yapmakta olan ve gonullu katilim saglayan 290 ogretmen olusturmustur. Calisma verilerinin toplanmasi surecinde Orgutsel Adalet, Is Motivasyonu ve Isgoren Performansi Olcekleri kullanilmistir. Calismada nicel analiz teknikleri uygulanmistir. Calisma verileri betimsel istatistikler, dogrulayici faktor analizi (DFA) ve yapisal esitlik modellemesi (YEM) ile cozumlenmistir. Calismada orgutsel adalet ve is motivasyonu bagimsiz degiskenler ve ogretmen performansi da bagimli degisken olarak belirlenmistir. Analizler SPSS 22.0 ve Lisrel 8.8 programi araciligiyla gerceklestirilmistir. Bulgular, ogretmenlerin is motivasyonu ve orgutsel adalet algilarinin gorece orta duzeyde oldugunu isaret etmistir. Ogretmenlerin performans algilari ise gorece yuksek duzey olarak saptanmistir. Ayrica, orgutsel adalet, is motivasyonu ve ogretmen performansi arasinda pozitif yonlu, dusuk ve orta duzeyde anlamli iliskiler tespit edilmistir. Son olarak, YEM analizi, is motivasyonunun orgutsel adalet ile ogretmen performansi arasinda kismi araci bir degisken rolune sahip oldugunu gostermistir.