Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Blood Platelet Count and Function Are Related to Total and Cardiovascular Death in Apparently Healthy Men

BackgroundExperimental animal and clinical studies indicate that blood platelets have an important role in atherosclerosis and formation of thrombi. Prospective studies presenting evidence of an association between blood platelet count and cardiovascular mortality have not been performed. Methods and ResultsFrom 1973 to 1975, blood platelets were counted, and their responsiveness to aggregating agents was studied in healthy middle-aged men. The aim was to assess the possible association between these variables and coronary heart disease. At 13.5 years of follow up, a significantly higher coronary heart disease mortality was observed among the 25% of subjects with the highest platelet counts. Platelet aggregation performed in a random subsample (150 of the 487 men), moreover, revealed that the 50%1 with the most rapid aggregation response after ADP stimulation had significantly increased coronary heart disease mortality compared with the others. These associations could not be explained by differences in age, lipids, blood pressure, or smoking habits. ConclusionsThe present study is the first to present conclusive, prospective evidence of an association between platelet concentration and aggregability and long-term incidence of fatal coronary heart disease in a population of apparently healthy middle-aged men.
QUANTITATIVE METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY Modeling the Days of Our Lives: Using Survival Analysis When Designing and Analyzing Longitudinal Studies of Duration and the Timing of Events

Psychologists studying whether and when events occur face unique design and analytic difficulties. The fundamental problem is how to handle censored observations, the people for whom the target event does not occur before data collection ends. The methods of survival analysis overcome these difficulties and allow researchers to describe patterns of occurrence, compare these patterns among groups, and build statistical models of the risk of occurrence over time. This article presents a unified description of survival analysis that focuses on 2 topics: study design and data analysis
When do managers highlight their effective tax rate

We examine the disclosure of GAAP effective tax rate (ETR) information in firms' financial statements. Applying the theoretical underpinnings of Wagenhofer (1990) to a tax setting, we argue that firms face a tradeoff in their GAAP ETR disclosure decision. On the one hand, firms have incentives to increase GAAP ETR disclosure if the ratio has a condition that is favorable from an investor's perspective, expecting positive capital market reactions. On the other hand, the disclosure might draw tax auditors' and public attention to the GAAP ETR and result in proprietary costs in terms of additional tax payments or reputational damages. We empirically test the disclosure behavior by examining the relation between disclosure intensity and five different measures of favorable GAAP ETR conditions. First, we provide evidence that the annual report section in which most of the firms disclose GAAP ETR information is the management report, indicating that firms assign considerable relevance to the ratio. Second, we find a higher disclosure intensity if the GAAP ETR has a favorable condition, i.e. is decreasing or near the average ratio of firms in the same industry or size group. We do not find a significant relation to the disclosure level for smooth GAAP ETRs. Our findings indicate that firms assess the benefits of providing the favorable GAAP ETR information to be higher than the related costs. Documenting firms' GAAP ETR reporting behavior, we contribute to the tax disclosure literature by providing insights into possible disclosure incentives. Further, our results could increase awareness among investors to have a second look at the GAAP ETR if the disclosure intensity with respect to the ratio is low.
Hitchin functionals in N = 2 supergravity

We consider type II string theory in space-time backgrounds which admit eight supercharges. Such backgrounds are characterized by the existence of a (generically non-integrable) generalized SU(3) × SU(3) structure. We demonstrate how the corresponding ten-dimensional supergravity theories can in part be rewritten using generalised O(6,6)-covariant fields, in a form that strongly resembles that of four-dimensional N = 2 supergravity, and precisely coincides with such after an appropriate Kaluza-Klein reduction. Specifically we demonstrate that the NS sector admits a special Kahler geometry with Kahler potentials given by the Hitchin functionals. Furthermore we explicitly compute the N = 2 version of the superpotential from the transformation law of the gravitinos, and find its N = 1 counterpart.
Exploring the Relationship of Personal Factors with Explicit Attitudes of Licensed Counselors Toward Obese Individuals

ii Acknowledgements iv Vita vi List of Tables x List of Figures xiii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Statement of the Problem 1 1.2 Purpose of the Study 4 1.3 Significance of the Study 5 1.4 Research Questions 6 1.5 Definition of Terms 6 1.6 Limitations of Study 9 1.7 Summary 11 Chapter 2: Review of the Literature 12 2.
How Do Simple Positive Activities Increase Well-Being?

Theory and research suggest that people can increase their happiness through simple intentional positive activities, such as expressing gratitude or practicing kindness. Investigators have recently begun to study the optimal conditions under which positive activities increase happiness and the mechanisms by which these effects work. According to our positive-activity model, features of positive activities (e.g., their dosage and variety), features of persons (e.g., their motivation and effort), and person-activity fit moderate the effect of positive activities on well-being. Furthermore, the model posits four mediating variables: positive emotions, positive thoughts, positive behaviors, and need satisfaction. Empirical evidence supporting the model and future directions are discussed.
Expression and cellular localization of the transcription factor NeuroD1 in the developing and adult rat pineal gland

Circadian rhythms govern many aspects of mammalian physiology. The daily pattern of melatonin synthesis and secretion is one of the classic examples of circadian oscillations. It is mediated by a class of neuroendocrine cells known as pinealocytes which are not yet fully defined. An established method to evaluate functional and cytological characters is through the expression of lineage‐specific transcriptional regulators. NeuroD1 is a basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor involved in the specification and maintenance of both endocrine and neuronal phenotypes. We have previously described developmental and adult regulation of NeuroD1 mRNA in the rodent pineal gland. However, the transcript levels were not influenced by the elimination of sympathetic input, suggesting that any rhythmicity of NeuroD1 might be found downstream of transcription. Here, we describe NeuroD1 protein expression and cellular localization in the rat pineal gland during development and the daily cycle. In embryonic and perinatal stages, protein expression follows the mRNA pattern and is predominantly nuclear. Thereafter, NeuroD1 is mostly found in pinealocyte nuclei in the early part of the night and in cytoplasm during the day, a rhythm maintained into adulthood. Additionally, nocturnal nuclear NeuroD1 levels are reduced after sympathetic disruption, an effect mimicked by the in vivo administration of α‐ and β‐adrenoceptor blockers. NeuroD1 phosphorylation at two sites, Ser274 and Ser336, associates with nuclear localization in pinealocytes. These data suggest that NeuroD1 influences pineal phenotype both during development and adulthood, in an autonomic and phosphorylation‐dependent manner.
Elementary Teachers' Perceptions of and Reported Strategies for Coping with Twelve Types of Problem Students.

Written primarily for teachers who are expected or willing to invest significantly in the socialization role along with their other teaching roles, this report describes results of a classroom strategy study of how elementary school teachers cope with problem students. The report is divided into six parts. Part 1 discusses general principles and techniques for managing classrooms and coping with problem students. Its three chapters include: choosing to work with problem students and creating a context for doing so successfully; general principles and techniques for socializing students and resolving conflicts; and teacher's ideas about coping with problem students. Part 2, which contains four chapters, presents th*ory and research on coping with low achieving students, failure syndrome students, overly perfectionistic students, and underachieving students. Part 3, which contains three chapters, discusses three types of students with hostility problems: hostile-aggressive students; passive-aggressive students; and defiant students. Part 4 discusses student role adjustment problems and contains the following three chapters on types of students whose behavioral characteristics make it difficult for them to act as students are expected to act in most classrooms: hyperactive students; distractable students; and immature students. Part 5 discusses problems in students' social relationships and contains two chapters on students whose problems lie primarily in their social interaction with peers: students rejected by their peers, and shy/withdrawn students. Part 6, which contains the concluding chapter, looks at some of the main findings of the Classroom Strategy Study, at events that have developed since data collection that might affect their relevance, and at teacher role issues introduced in the first chapter. Contains approximately 317 references. (HTH)
Structure of silent transcription intervals and noise characteristics of mammalian genes

Mammalian transcription occurs stochastically in short bursts interspersed by silent intervals showing a refractory period. However, the underlying processes and consequences on fluctuations in gene products are poorly understood. Here, we use single allele time‐lapse recordings in mouse cells to identify minimal models of promoter cycles, which inform on the number and durations of rate‐limiting steps responsible for refractory periods. The structure of promoter cycles is gene specific and independent of genomic location. Typically, five rate‐limiting steps underlie the silent periods of endogenous promoters, while minimal synthetic promoters exhibit only one. Strikingly, endogenous or synthetic promoters with TATA boxes show simplified two‐state promoter cycles. Since transcriptional bursting constrains intrinsic noise depending on the number of promoter steps, this explains why TATA box genes display increased intrinsic noise genome‐wide in mammals, as revealed by single‐cell RNA‐seq. These findings have implications for basic transcription biology and shed light on interpreting single‐cell RNA‐counting experiments.
Maternal Personality, Socialization Factors and the Relations with Children's Social Skills

To examine relations between maternal factors and children’s social skills, twenty-six mothers of children, ages 3 to 12, completed online questionnaires about their personality, emotion socialization (emotion coaching), coping socialization, parental stress, and their children’s social skills. Emotion coaching mediated each of the positive relations between two personality factors (agreeableness and conscientiousness) and supportive coping socialization; however, these mediational findings became nonsignificant when controlling for parental stress. Children’s social skills were positively associated with maternal agreeableness and conscientiousness and negatively associated with distress reactions to children’s negative emotions, but these results also became nonsignificant when controlling for parental stress. Additionally, parental stress was negatively associated with agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotion coaching, and children’s social skills. These findings highlight the importance of maternal personality and parental stress for mothers’ emotion and coping socialization behaviours and children’s social skills.
Visual simulation of smoke

In this paper, we propose a new approach to numerical smoke simulation for computer graphics applications. The method proposed here exploits physics unique to smoke in order to design a numerical method that is both fast and efficient on the relatively coarse grids traditionally used in computer graphics applications (as compared to the much finer grids used in the computational fluid dynamics literature). We use the inviscid Euler equations in our model, since they are usually more appropriate for gas modeling and less computationally intensive than the viscous Navier-Stokes equations used by others. In addition, we introduce a physically consistent vorticity confinement term to model the small scale rolling features characteristic of smoke that are absent on most coarse grid simulations. Our model also correctly handles the inter-action of smoke with moving objects.
Pneumococcal vaccination: perceptions of primary care physicians.

BACKGROUND Little is known about barriers to pneumococcal vaccination in the primary care setting. METHODS Mail survey to 405 randomly selected Massachusetts primary care physicians (response rate 68%). RESULTS Seventy-nine percent considered themselves knowledgeable about current vaccination guidelines, and 75% said vaccination is an important clinical priority. Respondents answered a mean of five of six knowledge questions about vaccination "correctly," that is, consistent with current scientific evidence or expert opinion. Physicians reported high immunization rates: 51% thought over half their eligible patients were vaccinated; however, only 27% thought their colleagues immunized a similar number of patients. Physician attitude was the strongest independent predictor of high reported immunization rates (odds ratio of 4.7, P = 0.0001). Twenty-four percent of respondents thought physician oversight due to the need to attend to other active medical problems greatly reduces the number of patients they immunize. None of eight other financial, administrative, and clinical barriers were felt to be important by more than 7% of physicians. Sixty-six percent of physicians favored a standing order policy to immunize their eligible patients. CONCLUSIONS Oversight and overestimation of immunization rates appear to be important barriers to pneumococcal vaccination. The literature suggests that reminder and performance feedback systems directed toward eliminating these barriers have had some success; interventions such as standing order policies may yield further improvements and appear to be acceptable to most physicians.
A Text-driven Rule-based System for Emotion Cause Detection

Emotion cause detection is a new research area in emotion processing even though most theories of emotion treat recognition of a triggering cause event as an integral part of emotion. As a first step towards fully automatic inference of cause-emotion correlation, we propose a text-driven, rule-based approach to emotion cause detection in this paper. First of all, a Chinese emotion cause annotated corpus is constructed based on our proposed annotation scheme. By analyzing the corpus data, we identify seven groups of linguistic cues and generalize two sets of linguistic rules for detection of emotion causes. With the linguistic rules, we then develop a rule-based system for emotion cause detection. In addition, we propose an evaluation scheme with two phases for performance assessment. Experiments show that our system achieves a promising performance for cause occurrence detection as well as cause event detection. The current study should lay the ground for future research on the inferences of implicit information and the discovery of new information based on cause-event relation.
DNA Vaccines: Recent Developments and the Future

This special issue is focused on DNA vaccines, marking the two decades since the first demonstration of pre-clinical protection was published in Science (Ulmer et al.; Heterologous protection against influenza by injection of DNA encoding a viral protein. 1993). This introductory article provides an overview of the field and highlights the observations of the articles in this special issue while placing them in the context of other recent publications.
[Intubation with propofol without neuromuscular blockade. Effect of premedication on fentanyl and lidocaine].

AIMS Laryngotracheal reflexes, and possibilities of intubations following anaesthetic induction with propofol, with or without premedication and without neuromuscular blockade were evaluated. Hemodynamic parameters were also measured. METHODS Sixty ASA I-II patients were randomly allocated into 3 groups according to anaesthetic premedication. Group P: (placebo), 2 and 4 ml of saline 0.9%; group F, 4 micrograms/kg of fentanyl and 2 ml of saline 0.9%; group L, 4 micrograms/kg of fentanyl and 1.5 mg/kg of lidocaine 5%. Two point five mg/kg of propofol were administered and 45 seconds later intubation was attempted. Mandibular relaxation, visualization of the glottis, opening of the vocal chords, reflex reactions to laryngoscopy and intubation, time used, blood pressure and heart rate were evaluated. RESULTS Mandibular relaxation and visualization of the glottis were acceptable in all the patients. The aperture of the vocal chords was enough so as to carry out intubation in 65% (P), 100% (F) (p < 0.05) and 95% (L) (p < 0.05). Laryngeal reactivity significantly decreased (p < 0.001) from 40% (P) to 15% (F) and 10% (L). Tracheal reflexes decreased from 84.6% (P) to 55% (F) (p < 0.01) and 37% (L) (p < 0.001). Blood pressure and heart rate rose with intubation over the basal levels in group P and significantly decreased in groups F and L. CONCLUSIONS The use of propofol without neuromuscular blockade is inadequate for intubation since laryngotracheal reflexes are not suppressed. Besides, propofol does not prevent hemodynamic reactions. Premedication with fentanyl and/or lidocaine improves the responses not sufficiently to safely perform intubation.
Apparent replication of suggestive linkage on chromosome 16 in the NIMH genetics initiative bipolar pedigrees.

Analyses of a replication sample of families collected as part of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Genetics Initiative for bipolar disorder provide further evidence for linkage to a region of chromosome 16. Families who had a bipolar I (BPI) proband and at least one BPI or schizoaffective, bipolar type (SABP) first-degree relative were ascertained for the purpose of identifying genes involved in bipolar affective disorder. A series of hierarchical models of affected status was used in linkage analyses. Initial genetic analyses of chromosomes 3, 5, 15, 16, 17, and 22, completed at Indiana University in 540 subjects from 97 families, suggested evidence of linkage to chromosomes 5, 16, and 22 [Edenberg et al., 1997: Am J Med Genet 74:238-246]. Genotyping was subsequently performed on these chromosomes in a replication sample of 353 individuals from 56 families. Nonparametric linkage analyses were performed using both affected relative and sibling pair methods. Analyses in the new sample on chromosome 16, using the broadest model of affected status, corroborate previously reported suggestive linkage to the marker D16S2619. Combining the initial and replication samples further increased the evidence of linkage to this region, with a peak lod score of 2.8.
Computer-Aided Diagnosis Improves Detection of Small Intracranial Aneurysms on MRA in a Clinical Setting

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MRA is widely accepted as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for the detection of intracranial aneurysms, but detection is still a challenging task with rather low detection rates. Our aim was to examine the performance of a computer-aided diagnosis algorithm for detecting intracranial aneurysms on MRA in a clinical setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Aneurysm detectability was evaluated retrospectively in 48 subjects with and without computer-aided diagnosis by 6 readers using a clinical 3D viewing system. Aneurysms ranged from 1.1 to 6.0 mm (mean = 3.12 mm, median = 2.50 mm). We conducted a multireader, multicase, double-crossover design, free-response, observer-performance study on sets of images from different MRA scanners by using DSA as the reference standard. Jackknife alternative free-response operating characteristic curve analysis with the figure of merit was used. RESULTS: For all readers combined, the mean figure of merit improved from 0.655 to 0.759, indicating a change in the figure of merit attributable to computer-aided diagnosis of 0.10 (95% CI, 0.03–0.18), which was statistically significant (F1,47 = 7.00, P = .011). Five of the 6 radiologists had improved performance with computer-aided diagnosis, primarily due to increased sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: In conditions similar to clinical practice, using computer-aided diagnosis significantly improved radiologists' detection of intracranial DSA-confirmed aneurysms of ≤6 mm.
Germ Cell Transplantation Using Sexually Competent Fish: An Approach for Rapid Propagation of Endangered and Valuable Germlines

The transplantation of germ cells into adult recipient gonads is a tool with wide applications in animal breeding and conservation of valuable and/or endangered species; it also provides a means for basic studies involving germ cell (GC) proliferation and differentiation. Here we describe the establishment of a working model for xenogeneic germ cell transplantation (GCT) in sexually competent fish. Spermatogonial cells isolated from juveniles of one species, the pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis (Atherinopsidae), were surgically transplanted into the gonads of sexually mature Patagonian pejerrey O. hatcheri, which have been partially depleted of endogenous GCs by a combination of Busulfan (40 mg/kg) and high water temperature (25°C) treatments. The observation of the donor cells' behavior showed that transplanted spermatogonial cells were able to recolonize the recipients' gonads and resume spermatogenesis within 6 months from the GCT. The presence of donor-derived gametes was confirmed by PCR in 20% of the surrogate O. hatcheri fathers at 6 months and crosses with O. bonariensis mothers produced hybrids and pure O. bonariensis, with donor-derived germline transmission rates of 1.2–13.3%. These findings indicate that transplantation of spermatogonial cells into sexually competent fish can shorten considerably the production time of donor-derived gametes and offspring and could play a vital role in germline conservation and propagation of valued and/or endangered fish species.