Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CARTOGRAPHY OF GENDER EQUALITY PROJECTS IN ICT: Liberal equality from the perspective of situated equality

This paper examines gender equality activities in the context of information and communication technology (ICT), traces the social and cultural relations that intertwine with them and discusses the understandings of gender, equality and ICT maintained in them. The aim of the paper is to analyse how liberal equal treatment actions prevail in ICT, although it is well known that liberal politics alone do not succeed in promoting gender equality, and not even in fulfilling its own goal of raising the proportions of women in technology. The study is based on oral history interviews with 30 women who have committed important parts of their lives to gender equality activities through several decades, as well as follow-up studies of women's ICT groups that aimed to promote equality in ICT expertise, both of these studies being conducted in Finland. The interviewed gender equality workers are competent promoters of gender and equality. However, they need to negotiate their aims, for example, in order to get funding, within national and transnational institutional practices, with actors who have little knowledge regarding the social construction of gender, equality or ICT. The managerial terms ‘efficiency’ and ‘good practice’ then take over the understandings of the gender equality activities in ICT, mainly organized as projects, and further emphasize the measurable goals often linked to liberal gender equality actions. These terms have material consequences and while gender equality projects continue to provide possibilities for unexpected changes, they are locked within liberal politics.
Integrin Targeting for Tumor Optical Imaging

Optical imaging has emerged as a powerful modality for studying molecular recognitions and molecular imaging in a noninvasive, sensitive, and real-time way. Some advantages of optical imaging include cost-effectiveness, convenience, and non-ionization safety as well as complementation with other imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Over the past decade, considerable advances have been made in tumor optical imaging by targeting integrin receptors in preclinical studies. This review has emphasized the construction and evaluation of diverse integrin targeting agents for optical imaging of tumors in mouse models. They mainly include some near-infrared fluorescent dye-RGD peptide conjugates, their multivalent analogs, and nanoparticle conjugates for targeting integrin αvβ3. Some compounds targeting other integrin subtypes such as α4β1 and α3 for tumor optical imaging have also been included. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed some promising integrin-targeting optical agents which have further enhanced our understanding of integrin expression and targeting in cancer biology as well as related anticancer drug discovery. Especially, some integrin-targeted multifunctional optical agents including nanoparticle-based optical agents can multiplex optical imaging with other imaging modalities and targeted therapy, serving as an attractive type of theranostics for simultaneous imaging and targeted therapy. Continued efforts to discover and develop novel, innovative integrin-based optical agents with improved targeting specificity and imaging sensitivity hold great promises for improving cancer early detection, diagnosis, and targeted therapy in clinic.
Reliability of the Foster Care Placement Decision: A Review

When a child welfare caseworker is deciding whether or not to remove a child from his or her biological parent or parents and to place the child in foster family care, the worker is making one of the most important decisions in both the parent's and the child's life. What is the foundation for this type of drastic intervention? This article reviews the scientific and clinical knowledge base developed to warrant professional intervention by the child welfare caseworker in this situation. Intervention does not appear to have a sufficient scientific or clinical basis in the social work literature to suggest that this is a professional judgment that the child welfare caseworker should be called upon to make. At a minimum, court involvement in the decision-makingprocess is required to provide sufficient justification for state involvement in family life until a firmer base for professional judgment can be demonstrated.
Hypoxia mediated release of endothelial microparticles and increased association of S100A12 with circulating neutrophils

Microparticles are released from the endothelium under normal homeostatic conditions and have been shown elevated in disease states, most notably those characterised by endothelial dysfunction. The endothelium is sensitive to oxidative stress/status and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression is upregulated upon activated endothelium, furthermore the presence of VCAM-1 on microparticles is known. S100A12, a calcium binding protein part of the S100 family, is shown to be present on circulating leukocytes and is thought a sensitive marker to local inflammatory process, which may be driven by oxidative stress. Eight healthy males were subjected to breathing hypoxic air (15% O2, approximately equivalent to 3000 metres altitude) for 80 minutes in a temperature controlled laboratory and venous blood samples were processed immediately for VCAM-1 microparticles (VCAM-1 MP) and S100A12 association with leukocytes by flow cytometry. A pre-hypoxic blood sample was used for comparison. Both VCAM-1 MP and S100A12 association with neutrophils were significantly elevated post hypoxic breathing later declining to levels observed in the pre-test samples. A similar trend was observed in both cases and a correlation may exist between these two markers in response to hypoxia. These data offer evidence using novel markers of endothelial and circulating blood responses to hypoxia.
‘When you just get a mark and a nasty comment, what's that called?’ ‘Summative assessment’ Creating an enabling environment for formative assessment

Abstract The quotation in the title highlights the experience of many students of summative assessment as the dominant mode of assessment in most South African schools. As a result, students enter university ignorant of good formative feedback and they are therefore often unable to recognise its value and may even be traumatised by the presence of so much ink on the page. This situation indicates a need for explicit focus on formative assessment and its usefulness for EAL university students in South Africa. This article is based on focus group interviews, which formed part of an ongoing critical action research project exploring formative assessment in an academic writing course for disadvantaged access students at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. In previous stages of this research, Wilhelm Meyer and Penny Niven have explored their identity as writing teachers giving feedback on student essays and attempted to implement the principles of good formative assessment developed as a result. In this phase of the research project, the students were given explicit instruction on summative, formative and criterion-based assessment, in a series of classes developed by Penny Niven. At the end of this series, Wilhelm Meyer conducted focus group interviews with twelve students in an attempt to assess the success of the experiment in creating a heightened awareness of formative criterion-based assessment practices in order that they would understand and therefore utilise formative feedback on their writing.
Does Social Comparison Make a Difference? Optimism as a Moderator of the Relation between Comparison Level and Academic Performance

Previous research has demonstrated that poor academic performance is associated with a downward shift in preferred level of academic comparison level (ACL). The current study assessed the long-term impact of this downward shift on the academic performance of college students and also examined the extent to which optimism moderated the relation between ACL and performance. Results indicated that a decline in academic performance led to a decline in preferred ACL, but only among students who were low in dispositional optimism. Change in ACL, in turn, was prospectively linked (positively) with change in academic performance for low optimists and marginally for high optimists. Additional analyses suggested this relation was mediated by performance expectations. Finally, change in ACL was also indirectly linked with depression for low optimists. Thus, low optimists who raised their ACLs had higher subsequent grade point averages and experienced a decrease in depression. The relations between levels of preferred comparison and outcome, and possible mediators of these relations, are discussed.
Clinical trials with adriamycin

Adriamycin was given to 67 patients with a variety of tumors. The tolerated dose was 20–30 mg/m2/day IV daily for 3 days or 18 mg/m2/day IV daily for 5 days every 3 weeks. Objective responses were seen in transitional cell carcinoma (4/7), liposarcoma (2/2), squamous cell carcinoma (1/9), and adenocarcinoma of the breast (1/1). No responses were seen in other soft tissue sarcomas (10), malignant melanoma (4), acute leukemia (4), lymphoepithelioma (1), or tumors of the gastrointestinal organs (5), thyroid (2), kidney (4), and testis (2). At low doses, nausea and vomiting, phlebitis, and alopecia appeared. At higher doses, mucositis and myelosuppression seem related to the dose of each course, while EKG changes (4 cases) and congestive heart failure (6 cases) appear related to the cumulative dose. EKG changes, consisting of premature ventricular contractions and ST‐T wave changes, appeared to be related to adriamycin in 3 cases. The CHF appeared related in 3 cases. Adriamycin appears to be promising in several tumors, but maintenance therapy may be precluded by cumulative toxicity.
On the psychology of poverty

Poverty remains one of the most pressing problems facing the world; the mechanisms through which poverty arises and perpetuates itself, however, are not well understood. Here, we examine the evidence for the hypothesis that poverty may have particular psychological consequences that can lead to economic behaviors that make it difficult to escape poverty. The evidence indicates that poverty causes stress and negative affective states which in turn may lead to short-sighted and risk-averse decision-making, possibly by limiting attention and favoring habitual behaviors at the expense of goal-directed ones. Together, these relationships may constitute a feedback loop that contributes to the perpetuation of poverty. We conclude by pointing toward specific gaps in our knowledge and outlining poverty alleviation programs that this mechanism suggests.
Maya cosmopolitans: engaging tactics and strategies in the performance of tourism

Maya heritage is embraced throughout Yucatán as a crucial component of tourism promotions. This, coupled with an emphasis on multiculturalism, makes the state itself a local actor in the marketing of Maya identity through the creation and funding of community-based tourism projects. This article discusses the shifting role of the state in shaping these communities, referencing a Maya village in the Mexican state of Yucatán as the context. The aim is an understanding of the articulation of local tactics to conceal cosmopolitanism while remaining competent in the eyes of funding agencies and the strategies employed by the state that reinforce the importance of performance for tourists. The desire on the part of state creates situations in which individuals are expected to exist in concurrent states of authenticity and modernity, as both traditional and cosmopolitan.
Middle School Students' Perceptions of Coeducational and Same-Sex Physical Education Classes.

Middle school students (n = 466) participated in a year-long multi-activity physical education program in which classes were coeducational in the fall semester and same-sex in the spring semester. Following participation, students reflected back across the year and anonymously completed a questionnaire that elicited opinions from students regarding their affinity toward physical education, perceived abilities, and preferences for coeducational and same-sex. The findings indicated that males perceived themselves to have significantly more skill, strength, and endurance than females. Females perceived themselves to be significantly more overweight than males. Males also liked physical education significantly better, while females exhibited a systematic decrease in liking physical education from 6th to 8th grade. The findings are discussed in terms of implications for teaching and teacher education and the need for future research on coeducational and same-sex class structures in physical education.
Shifting discourses about gender in higher education enrolments: retrieving marginalised voices

In this paper the authors describe the ways poststructuralist discourses assisted us to read and reflect on data collected as part of a traditional survey-style research study. The study—generated in response to widespread concern about falling male enrolment rates at the authors' regional university—focused upon factors affecting rural male school-leavers' decisions about postschool destinations, and upon these students' attitudes to higher education. In the paper that follows, the authors contest the dominant discourses that are frequently drawn on to explain differences in male and female higher education enrolment trends. They then focus upon the features of two of the more dominant stories that students told to explain this ‘difference’: stories about ‘real men’, and stories about the value of the ‘practical’ over the ‘theoretical’. In addition, they present another story that draws upon girls' views of higher education. Together, these stories indicate not only how the students are positioned within discourses of rurality and ‘work’, but also how they draw on a highly gendered and hierarchical set of oppositions in storying their futures.
Effect of transcutaneous electrical stimulation on nociception and edema induced by peripheral serotonin

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is defined as the application of an electrical current to the skin through surface electrodes for pain relief. Various theories have been proposed in order to explain the analgesic mechanism of TENS. Recent studies have demonstrated that part of this analgesia is mediated through neurotransmitters acting at peripheral sites. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low frequency (LF: 10 HZ) TENS and high frequency (HF: 130 HZ) TENS on hyperalgesia and edema when applied before the serotonin (5-HT) administered into the rat paw. LF and HF TENS were applied to the right paw for 20 min, and 5-HT was administered immediately after TENS. The Hargreaves method was used to measure nociception, while the hydroplethysmometer (Ugo Basile®) was used to measure edema. Neither HF nor LF TENS inhibited 5-HT-induced edema. However, LF TENS, but not HF TENS, completely reduced 5-HT-induced hyperalgesia. Pre-treatment of the paw with naltrexone, prior to application of TENS, (Nx: 50μg; I.pl.) showed a complete blockade of the analgesic effect induced by low frequency TENS. Thus, our results confirmed the lack of an anti-inflammatory effect through the use of TENS as well as the participation of peripheral endogenous opioid receptors in LF TENS analgesia in addition to its central action.
ParABS System in Chromosome Partitioning in the Bacterium Myxococcus xanthus

Chromosome segregation is an essential cellular function in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The ParABS system is a fundamental player for a mitosis-like process in chromosome partitioning in many bacterial species. This work shows that the social bacterium Myxococcus xanthus also uses the ParABS system for chromosome segregation. Its large prokaryotic genome of 9.1 Mb contains 22 parS sequences near the origin of replication, and it is shown here that M. xanthus ParB binds preferentially to a consensus parS sequence in vitro. ParB and ParA are essential for cell viability in M. xanthus as in Caulobacter crescentus, but unlike in many other bacteria. Absence of ParB results in anucleate cells, chromosome segregation defects and loss of viability. Analysis of ParA subcellular localization shows that it clusters at the poles in all cells, and in some, in the DNA-free cell division plane between two chromosomal DNA masses. This ParA localization pattern depends on ParB but not on FtsZ. ParB inhibits the nonspecific interaction of ParA with DNA, and ParA colocalizes with chromosomal DNA only when ParB is depleted. The subcellular localization of ParB suggests a single ParB-parS complex localized at the edge of the nucleoid, next to a polar ParA cluster, with a second ParB-parS complex migrating after the replication of parS takes place to the opposite nucleoid edge, next to the other polar ParA cluster.
Integrating Principles of Care, Compassion and Justice in Organizations: Exploring Dynamic Nature of Organizational Justice

This article aims to respond to the long-lived perceived incompatibility between care and compassion and justice in organizational literature. It is argued that principles of care and compassion and principles of justice are compatible with each other and can be integrated in organizations in such a way that both will supplement each other. Previous researches tend to view concepts of care and compassion and justice either as competing or inheriting some fundamental trade-offs. This article argues that the highlighted incompatibility between care and compassion and justice is mainly due to the limited understanding about the nature of organizational justice. Care and compassion carry elements of subjectivity and are dynamic in nature, whereas literature on organizational justice has described justice as an objective, static and linear construct due to which an incompatibility between these two very important phenomena is prevailing. This incompatibility can be removed by changing the way of looking at organizational justice and by exploring its dynamic nature.
Job Demands and Job Search Among High-Level Managers in the United States and Europe

High-level managers are often faced with challenging demands at work, and much of the managerial development literature has researched the responses to these challenges. The authors propose an extension to this research by investigating the influence of challenge-related and obstacle-related job demands on job search among a sample of U.S. managers and a sample of international managers. Specifically, the authors propose divergent relationships among job search and the type of job demands managers experience, and we also explore the mediating effect of job satisfaction. The authors’ study provides further insight into the complexities of managerial responsibilities and their behavioral outcomes.
Hospital ownership and drug utilization under a global budget: a quantile regression analysis.

BACKGROUND A global budgeting system helps control the growth of healthcare spending by setting expenditure ceilings. However, the hospital global budget implemented in Taiwan in 2002 included a special provision: drug expenditures are reimbursed at face value, while other expenditures are subject to discounting. That gives hospitals, particularly those that are for-profit, an incentive to increase drug expenditures in treating patients. METHODS We calculated monthly drug expenditures by hospital departments from January 1997 to June 2006, using a sample of 348 193 patient claims to Taiwan National Health Insurance. To allow for variation among responses by departments with differing reliance on drugs and among hospitals of different ownerships, we used quantile regression to identify the effect of the hospital global budget on drug expenditures. RESULTS Although drug expenditure increased in all hospital departments after the enactment of the hospital global budget, departments in for-profit hospitals that rely more heavily on drug treatments increased drug spending more, relative to public hospitals. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a global budgeting system with special reimbursement provisions for certain treatment categories may alter treatment decisions and may undermine cost-containment goals, particularly among for-profit hospitals.
Factors Associated With Mortality in Pediatric Patients Requiring Extracorporeal Life Support for Severe Pneumonia

Objectives: In children with respiratory failure secondary to pneumonia, extracorporeal life support can be lifesaving. Our goal was to identify variables associated with mortality in children with pneumonia requiring extracorporeal life support. Design: Data query and abstraction from a multicenter, international registry of extracorporeal life support, the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry. Setting: Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry data from 1985 to 2010. Patients: Patients ⩽ 18 yr of age who received extracorporeal life support for respiratory failure secondary to pneumonia. Interventions: None. Measurements and Outcomes: Clinical variables, year of extracorporeal life support, and extracorporeal life support center location were collected. The primary outcome was survival at hospital discharge. Results are reported as predictive margins, which allow estimation of standardized mortality rates and differences for risk factors. Results: One thousand four hundred eighty-nine children were included. The median (interquartile range) age and duration of extracorporeal life support were 5.7 months (2.5–21.5) and 11 days (7–18). Arterial cannulation was performed in 65% of patients. Mortality was 39%. There was no relationship between mortality and age or pathogen. Duration of extracorporeal life support had a biphasic relationship on mortality; mortality decreased 1.3% per day on extracorporeal life support until 14 days and then increased by 1.8% per day thereafter. Other independent predictors of mortality (p < 0.05) were pre-extracorporeal life support factors including duration of mechanical ventilation, peak inspiratory pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, pH, cardiac arrest, need for an arterial cannula, decade of extracorporeal life support, international extracorporeal life support center, and decrease in FIO2 over the first 24 hrs on extracorporeal life support. Conclusions: In children with severe pneumonia receiving extracorporeal life support, prognostic factors associated with increased risk of death included extracorporeal life support treatment exceeding 14 days, arterial cannulation, longer duration of mechanical ventilation, and decreased ability to wean ventilator FIO2 over the first 24 hrs on extracorporeal life support. Analysis of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry can identify prognostic variables, which may influence medical decision making, resource utilization, and family counseling.