Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studying the anticipator of satisfaction in male customers of fitness centers

The purpose of current study is to study anticipators of satisfaction in male customers of fitness centers in Shahrood city. The population for this study is7560 male customers in Shahrood city 408 of which were chosen randomly as the sample. Three self-made questionnaires made by the researcher himself. Cronbach's alpha was determined for those three questionnaires, by experts, as 0.90, 0.88, and 0.78 respectively. Anticipators were supposed to be; eco-social basis, how important is the customers wills and needs to the owners and the level of modernism used in the gym. Spearman and multivariable regression test were used in this study. Amongst the factors introduced above the most important one came up to be; how modern are the facilities in the gym. Therefore, we suggest that managers use more modern facilities in their fitness centers in order to increase their customers.
Programming Crystalline Hardware

Advances in VLSI technologies, and the emergence of new substrates for constructing computing devices, necessitate a rethinking of the manner in which software interacts with hardware. Traditional computing systems are typified by general purpose processors, which abstract their hardware capabilities through instruction sets. Instruction sets and the abstractions they encourage at the programming language level, were however created, and well suited for, situations in which available hardware was limited and had to be multiplexed in time. In particular, the organization of programs around tightly coupled modules, be they functions, procedures or similar abstractions, make it difficult to perform partitioning of applications both statically and at runtime. This paper presents preliminary work on a programming language for crystalline architectures, based on the idea of structuring programs around communication. The communication between components in a program is made explicit by employing an abstraction of names on which communication occurs, rather than functions or procedures. Employing such an abstraction as the core of the language makes it possible to explicitly address issues such as information-theoretic analysis of the communication between components of a program, the safety of such communications, and fault-tolerance of applications which execute over a failure prone communication and computational substrate.
Detecting, Exposing, and Classifying Sequential Consistency Violations

Sequential Consistency (SC) is the most intuitive memory model for parallel programs. However, modern architectures aggressively reorder and overlap memory accesses, causing SC violations. An SC violation is virtually always a bug. Most prior schemes either search the entire state space of a program, or use a constraint solver to find SC violations. A promising recent scheme uses active testing technique but fails to be effective for SC violations involving larger number of threads and variables, and larger codebases. We propose Orion, the first active testing technique that can detect, expose, and classify any arbitrary SC violations in any program. Orion works in two phases. In the first phase, it finds potential SC violation cycles by focusing on racing accesses. In the second phase, it exposes each SC violation cycle by enforcing the exact scheduling order. We present a detailed design of Orion in the paper. We tested different concurrent algorithms, bug kernels, SPLASH2, PARSEC applications, and an open source program, Apache. We experimented with TSO and PSO memory models. We detected and exposed 60 SC violations of which 15 violations involve more than two processors and variables. Orion exposes SC violations quickly and with high probability. Compared to a state-of-the-art active testing technique, it has a much better SC violation detection ability.
Monetary Policywith Private Government Preferences: U Turn If You Want To

A common criticism of repeated and dynamic game theoretic models of government policy is that they exhibit a large multiplicity of equilibria making them di cult to test and falsify. Fudenberg-Levine (1989) show that when a large patient player plays against a sequence of short lived players who are uncertain as to the large player's type, the ability of that player to build a reputation may signi cantly reduce the set of supportable equilibrium payo s. This paper explores this idea in the context of a simple computable model of a monetary economy. In the model a population of \small" households does not know the preference type of a \large" government. A benevolent government is one that cares about the households; a \Ramsey playing" government is one that always takes the ex ante optimal monetary policy action along the equilibrium path. It is shown that benevolent governments can build reputations as \Ramsey players". Thus they can drive the equilibrium path of the game towards the Ramsey allocation. A recursive procedure for computing the worst equilibrium payo is provided and it is veri ed that this sort of incomplete information can signi cantly reduce the set of equilibrium payo s. Preliminary and Incomplete! We have received useful comments from participants at seminars at Northwestern University and the Econometric Society Summer Meetings, University of Maryland. All errors are our own.
Analyzing Semiparametrically the Trends in the Gender Pay Gap - The Example of Spain

This article studies the trend in wage discrimination in Spain during the period 1995-2002. We first introduce a novel approach to the analysis of wage discrimination with methods which are rather robust to model (mis-)specification. To that end we apply semiparametric methods to the decomposition of wage differentials between men and women based on classical approaches. We extend the methodology to further decompositions and semiparametric quantile estimation, and discuss sample selection bias correction. In addition, to study inequality, some descriptive analysis is presented again using sophisticated nonparametric techniques.
Sulforaphane counteracts aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer driven by dysregulated Cx43-mediated gap junctional intercellular communication

The extreme aggressiveness of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has been associated with blocked gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). We examined whether disturbed GJIC is responsible for a CSC phenotype in established and primary cancer cells and patient tissue of PDA using interdisciplinary methods based in physiology, cell and molecular biology, histology and epigenetics. Flux of fluorescent dyes and gemcitabine through gap junctions (GJs) was intact in less aggressive cells but not in highly malignant cells with morphological dysfunctional GJs. Among several connexins, only Cx43 was expressed on the cell surface of less aggressive and GJIC-competent cells, whereas Cx43 surface expression was absent in highly malignant, E-cadherin-negative and GJIC-incompetent cells. The levels of total Cx43 protein and Cx43 phosphorylated at Ser368 and Ser279/282 were high in normal tissue but low to absent in malignant tissue. si-RNA-mediated inhibition of Cx43 expression in GJIC-competent cells prevented GJIC and induced colony formation and the expression of stem cell-related factors. The bioactive substance sulforaphane enhanced Cx43 and E-cadherin levels, inhibited the CSC markers c-Met and CD133, improved the functional morphology of GJs and enhanced GJIC. Sulforaphane altered the phosphorylation of several kinases and their substrates and inhibition of GSK3, JNK and PKC prevented sulforaphane-induced CX43 expression. The sulforaphane-mediated expression of Cx43 was not correlated with enhanced Cx43 RNA expression, acetylated histone binding and Cx43 promoter de-methylation, suggesting that posttranslational phosphorylation is the dominant regulatory mechanism. Together, the absence of Cx43 prevents GJIC and enhances aggressiveness, whereas sulforaphane counteracts this process, and our findings highlight dietary co-treatment as a viable treatment option for PDA.
Minimum Wages in Greece

The paper reviews the major forces that have shaped the evolution of minimum wages in Greece. It starts by providing the institutional details regarding minimum-wage fixing and coverage, and proceeds to examine the macroeconomic developments which have shaped the evolution of both the level and the relative value of the minimum wage. It includes two case studies; the first one is based on interviews with representatives of the social partners, while the second one deals with the influence of the minimum wage on the regional distribution of gender-related and age-related unemployment rates.
Citizenship, Inequality, and Difference: Historical Perspectives. Frederick Cooper. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2018. 224 pp.

This short book handles a vast topic of contemporary significance. Reading Cooper’s history of contested claims to citizenship is a depressing experience, not because of any failure of his lucid and acute analysis but in response to the political connotations on both sides of the Atlantic— President Trump’s calls to build a wall and corral the children of immigrants into camps or Prime Minister Theresa May’s “hostile environment” for would-be migrants. Cooper’s long historical perspective reflects these current debates about whether citizenship should be inclusive or exclusive and about what threshold of commonality is necessary to allow access to it. This book deserves to be read far beyond academia. The Nationality Act passed by the British parliament in 1948 made people in the white Dominions of Australia or Canada into “Commonwealth citizens” and people in Jamaica and Nigeria into citizens of “the United Kingdom and the colonies,” alongside the lower category of “British subject. ” Cooper refers to these layers of citizenship as “superposed nationality. ”When immigrants from the West Indies disembarked from the SS Empire Windrush in 1948, they arrived as citizens with the right to settle and work in Britain; as one government minister claimed, like Romans “they [could] say ‘Civis Britannicus sum. ’” Attitudes were destined to change, however, in 1968 when Enoch Powell, classical politician and scholar, warned that like the Tiber, British cities would foam with blood. Starting in 1962, rights to citizenship became more restrictive, leading to political scandal in 2018 when Prime Minister May’s “hostile environment” denied citizenship to the children of the Windrush generation who had every reason to assume that they were citizens, after living and working in Britain for sixty years. At the same time, 3 million European Union citizens resident in Britain wondered what rights they were to have after Brexit, and 2 million British people living and working elsewhere in the European Union worried that they would lose their citizenship in the European Union—another example of “superposed nationality. ” The fantasy of “taking back control” could strip British citizens of their European Union citizenship, and European Union citizens of their rights in Britain. Cooper’s book provides long-run and comparative insights into these deeply felt and highly contentious issues. Similar issues of superposed nationality arose in the French constitution of 1946. When the French Empire became the French Union, and the colonies became overseas territories, the residents in them became citizens of France. In Algeria, Muslims gained the right to citizenship without renouncing their Islamic status and accepting the civil code. But in 1974, French citizenship became more restrictive, ending the special treatment of former overseas citizens and creating a class of people who were resident in France without legal access to welfare benefits. A distinction emerged between French people with a historical claim to Reviews
Toward a solution to the snapping problem in a concentric-tube continuum robot: Grooved tubes with anisotropy

The concentric-tube continuum robot generates distal end motions by translating and rotating the proximal ends of pre-curved tubes that overlap concentrically. This robot does not require additional actuators along the tubes because the overall curvature and distal end position are determined solely by interactions between the inner and outer tubes. However, under certain conditions, the rotation of the distal end is hindered as the actuation energy accumulates into torsional energy of the tubes. As the distal ends are rotated further, the accumulated energy from the twisting is suddenly released, which makes the tubes snap to a remote position. This is called the snapping problem, and it considerably limits the performance of the robot. In this paper, we propose a novel design for the concentric tubes to eliminate the snapping problem. The new design creates groove patterns on superelastic nitinol tubes to make the tubes more flexible to bending than twisting. Simulations and experiments were performed to verify that the tubes with our groove patterns had anisotropic structural characteristics, and video image analysis verified that this structural property can eliminate the snapping problem. A concentric-tube robot with this new tube design can have a larger workspace area because tubes with greater curvatures can be used without the snapping problem.
Quality of life for children with cochlear implants: perceived benefits and problems and the perception of single words and emotional sounds.

PURPOSE This study examined children's self-reported quality of life with a cochlear implant as related to children's actual perceptions of speech and the emotional information conveyed by sound. Effects of age at amplification with hearing aids and fitting of cochlear implants on perceived quality of life were also investigated. METHOD A self-reported quality of life questionnaire and assessments of speech perception (single words) and emotion identification were administered to a sample of 37 children with cochlear implants who were congenitally deaf, who were 5-14 years of age, and who all used spoken language. RESULTS The children reported significant improvement in quality of life because of their cochlear implants, and they also reported low levels of concern about typical problems associated with wearing an implant. The children's perceived quality of life did not significantly predict speech perception performance at the single word level. In contrast, increased quality of life predicted better performance on the emotion identification task. Age at first use of amplification predicted perceived quality of life. CONCLUSIONS The findings regarding age reinforce the importance of early detection and intervention for children's positive quality of life with cochlear implants later in childhood.
Harmony in Electrons: Cyclotron and Synchrotron Emission by Thermal Electrons in a Magnetic Field

We present a complete solution to the cyclotron-synchrotron radiation due to an isotropic distribution of electrons moving in a magnetic field. We make no approximations in the calculations other than artificially broadening the harmonics by a small amount in order to facilitate the numerics. In contrast to previous calculations, we sum over all relevant harmonics and integrate over all particle and observer angles relative to the magnetic field. We present emission spectra for electron temperatures $T=5\times10^8$ K, $10^9$ K, $2\times10^9$ K to $3.2\times10^{10}$ K, and provide simple fitting formulae which give a fairly accurate representation of the detailed results. For $T\geq3.2\times10^{10}$ K, the spectrum is represented well by the asymptotic synchrotron formula, which is obtained by assuming that the radiating electrons have Lorentz factors large compared to unity. We give an improved fitting formula also for this asymptotic case.
Constituents of Effective Teamwork in School

Hassanzadeh Khansari, Shadi. 2018. Constituents of effective teamwork in school. Master's Thesis in Educational Leadership. University of Jyväskylä. Department of Education. Teams are widely used in all types of organizations aiming for achieving better results. Understanding constituent premises of teamwork in the school is a complicated issue that the present study investigates. Although there have been different studies on the topic of team, there is not much evidence about the characteristics that affect teams. This study aims at specifying how team efficacy manifests as collective performance and the challenging issues teams experienced in the case school. A Web-based questionnaire (a modified questionnaire) based on ‘Dimension of Learning Questionnaire’ (Marsick & Watkins, 2003) is used to understand the constituents of effective teamwork in the school. 15 participants participated in this study. A qualitative approach in format of the case study is used in the study. Shared visions, capability and collaboration, autonomy, results of the team, and school supporting system are recognized as constituents of effective teamwork. Collective performance is understood as the continuous interaction between teams and school that bring ‘efficacy’ to teams. The study concludes communication, learning, the low level of autonomy in teams, and lack of school supporting system as challenges to teamwork in the case school. Shared coordinated structures are recognized between teams and the school to achieve efficacy. Teamwork is understood as a capacity through which school and teams learn and unite as a professional learning community.
The prevalence and prognostic significance of KRAS mutation subtypes in lung adenocarcinomas from Chinese populations

Background We performed this retrospective study to identify the prevalence of KRAS mutation in Chinese populations and make a comprehensive investigation of the clinicopathological features of KRAS mutation in these patients. Patients and methods Patients from 2007 to 2013 diagnosed with primary lung adeno-carcinoma who received a radical resection were examined for KRAS, EGFR, HER2, BRAF mutations, and ALK, RET, and ROS1 fusions. Clinicopathological features, including sex, age, tumor–lymph node–metastasis stage, tumor differentiation, smoking status, histological subtypes, and survival information were analyzed. Result KRAS mutation was detected in 113 of 1,368 patients. Nine different subtypes of KRAS mutation were identified in codon 12, codon 13, and codon 61. KRAS mutation was more frequently found in male patients and former/current smoker patients. Tumors with KRAS mutation had poorer differentiation. Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma predominant and solid predominant subtypes were more frequent in KRAS mutant patients. No statistical significance was found in relapse-free survival or overall survival between patients with KRAS mutation and patients with other mutations. Conclusion In Chinese populations, we identified KRAS mutation in 8.3% (113/1,368) of the patients with lung adenocarcinoma. KRAS mutation defines a molecular subset of lung adenocarcinoma with unique clinicopathological features.
Moving to Directly Cued Locations Abolishes Spatial Interference During Bimanual Actions

Interference is frequently observed during bimanual movements if the two hands perform nonsymmetric actions. We examined the source of bimanual interference in two experiments in which we compared conditions involving symmetric movements with conditions in which the movements were of different amplitudes or different directions. The target movements were cued either symbolically by letters or directly by the onset of the target locations. With symbolic cues, reaction times were longer when the movements of the two hands were not symmetric. With direct cues, reaction times were the same for symmetric and nonsymmetric movements. These results indicate that directly cued actions can be programmed in parallel for the two hands. Our results challenge the hypothesis that the cost to initiate nonsymmetric movements is due to spatial interference in a motor-programming stage. Rather, the cost appears to be caused by stimulus identification, response-selection processes connected to the processing of symbolic cues, or both.
An improved outer bound on the storage-repair-bandwidth tradeoff of exact-repair regenerating codes

While the tradeoff between the amount of data stored and the repair bandwidth of an (n, k, d) regenerating code has been characterized under functional repair (FR), the case of exact repair (ER) remains unresolved. It is known that there do not exist ER codes which lie on the FR tradeoff at most of the points. The question as to whether one can asymptotically approach the FR tradeoff was settled recently by Tian who showed that in the (4, 3, 3) case, the ER region is bounded away from the FR region. The FR tradeoff serves as a trivial outer bound on the ER tradeoff. In this paper, we extend Tian's results by establishing an improved outer bound on the ER tradeoff which shows that the ER region is bounded away from the FR region, for any (n, k, d). Our approach is analytical and builds upon the framework introduced earlier by Shah et. al. Interestingly, a recently-constructed, layered regenerating code is shown to achieve a point on this outer bound for the (5, 4, 4) case. This represents the first-known instance of an optimal ER code that does not correspond to a point on the FR tradeoff.
Distance Progress Based Opportunistic Routing for wireless mesh networks

Opportunistic Routing (OR) has been proposed to improve the performance of multihop wireless networks by exploiting its broadcast nature. In contrast to traditional routing, where traffic is sent along pre-determined paths, in OR an ordered set of candidates is selected as the next-hop potential forwarders. The candidate selection is a key issue in OR and many algorithms have been proposed in the literature. In this paper, we define a new metric for candidate selection based on the expected distance progress of sending a packet under OR. By using this metric we propose a hop-by-hop candidate selection and prioritization algorithm that we call Distance Progress Based Opportunistic Routing, DPOR. In contrast to other algorithms, in DPOR each node selects its candidates set independently, without considering the other nodes' candidates sets. DPOR only relies on the neighbors' geographic position of forwarder and the links delivery probability between forwarder and its neighbors. We compare our proposal with four other relevant candidate selection algorithms. Our results show that DPOR performance is almost the same as optimum candidate selection algorithm, while DPOR requires less information and run much faster.
Are Economic Fundamentals Unable to Explain Current European Benchmark Yields? Empirical Evidence from a Continuous Time Affine Term Structure Model

The results in this paper show that current European benchmark yields can be explained, with a high degree of accuracy, by using an affine term structure (ATS) model with the following four state variables: (i) the EU unemployment rate, (ii) the EU production price index, (iii) the ECB monetary aggregate M3 index and, (iv) the EU consumer confidence index. In fact, the present calculations accounts for the EONIA rate from Dec 1999 to Jan 2011 remarkably well. Furthermore, German government bonds with maturities ranging from 3 month to 30 years are observed to be reproduced fairly well, too. Additionally, the predictive capability of the ATS model is also analysed. It is found that the parameters connecting bond-yields with state-variables do not change with time so rapidly. As a consequence, the values that bond yields may have in the future can be calculated with an accuracy that solely depends on the precision one may achieve in predicting the state variables. Finally, the results presented in this paper show that current yield curve levels are satisfactorily explained by economic fundamentals, and cast a doubt on press headlines pointing the current yields to speculative effects of market participants acting irrationally.