Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF PLAY

English translation © 2005 M.E. Sharpe, Inc., from the Russian text “Ot avtora: biografia issledovanii,” in Psikhologiia igry, 2d ed. (Moscow: Gumanit. izd. tsent VLADOS, 1999), pp. 4–12. Translated and published with permission of Boris Daniilovich Elkonin. Translated by Lydia Razran Stone. Journal of Russian and East European Psychology, vol. 43, no. 1, January–February 2005, pp. 11–21. © 2005 M.E. Sharpe, Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN 1061–0405/2005 $9.50 + 0.00.
Preliminary Validation of a Patient‐based Self‐assessment Measure of Severity of Illness in Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the Pilot Phase of the Veterans Health Study

Measures of case mix are needed to control for patients' clinical status in studies assessing the process and outcomes of care. The Veterans Health Study (VHS) is a longitudinal study of determinants of health outcomes in ambulatory veterans. This study assessed the validity of a case-mix measure developed to quantify severity of illness in ambulatory type 2 diabetic patients. As part of the pilot phase of the VHS, 245 veterans using 4 primary care clinics in Boston were screened for diabetes and 5 other chronic illnesses when they presented for care. Subjects screening positive for diabetes returned to complete severity of illness and outcome measures. The variables for the diabetes case-mix module were chosen based upon the principles of parsimony, duration of follow-up, and clinical validity and credibility. Variables were selected to predict function, as measured by the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 (SF-36). The diabetic patients in this study had a heavy burden of chronic illness, with an average of 3.9 comorbid conditions and a mean general health perceptions score of 48 on the SF-36 (scored from 0 to 100, with 100 indicating best health). A summary variable called DMSEV was created for “diabetes severity”. This included atherosclerotic complications(stroke, transientischemicattackormyocardialinfarction;chestpainfrequency; and claudication), plus any history of eye, foot, or neuropathic symptoms. DMSEV correlated with all 8 outcome scales of the SF-36, and in particular was highly associated with physical function (r = 0.49, P = .0001). Least squares linear regression analysis controlling for age and comorbidity confirmed the association of DMSEV with all 8 SF-36 scales. The correlation with physical function remained highly significant (P < .0001), with an R2 of 0.31. This patient-based self-assessment questionnaire and the summary variable DMSEV appear to be valid measures of severity of illness in ambulatory diabetic veterans with multiple comorbidities. After further testing, this case-mix measure may be suitable for controlling for severity of illness in ambulatory-based studies of diabetic patients with multiple chronic illnesses.
Molecular cloning and characterization of a glycine-like receptor gene from the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)

The cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is the most economically important ectoparasite affecting the cattle industry in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. The principal method of tick control has relied mainly on the use of chemical acaricides, including ivermectin; however, cattle tick populations resistant to ivermectin have recently been reported in Brazil, Mexico, and Uruguay. Currently, the molecular basis for ivermectin susceptibility and resistance are not well understood in R. microplus. This prompted us to search for potential molecular targets for ivermectin. Here, we report the cloning and molecular characterization of a R. microplus glycine-like receptor (RmGlyR) gene. The characterized mRNA encodes for a 464-amino acid polypeptide, which contains features common to ligand-gated ion channels, such as a large N-terminal extracellular domain, four transmembrane domains, a large intracellular loop and a short C-terminal extracellular domain. The deduced amino acid sequence showed around 30% identity to GlyRs from some invertebrate and vertebrate organisms. The polypeptide also contains the PAR motif, which is important for forming anion channels, and a conserved glycine residue at the third transmembrane domain, which is essential for high ivermectin sensitivity. PCR analyses showed that RmGlyR is expressed at egg, larval and adult developmental stages. Our findings suggest that the deduced receptor is an additional molecular target to ivermectin and it might be involved in ivermectin resistance in R. microplus.
An Electrophysiological Analysis

Ethanol (ETH) and general anesthetics have been reported to facilitate the chloride channel opening, possibly, or at least partly, through an interaction with the GABA-benzodiazepine (BZ) receptor-gated chloride ionophore “supramolecular complex”. Recently Ro 15-4513, a novel BZ ligand, has been indicated as a potent and selective antagonist of various ETH-induced behavioral and biochemical effects. However, since its precise characterization is still a matter of debate, we have tested and compared the effect of Ro 15-4513, as well as its antagonism against ETH, in two objective electrophysiological parameters, i.e., the electroencephalograph (EEG) pattern in freely moving rats and single unit activity of reticulata neurons. Ro 15-4513 produced an EEG state of alertness and antagonized the behavioral impairment and the EEG deterioration by ETH. However, while its protective action was consistent against moderate doses (2 gkg) of ETH, it was much less evident versus higher doses (4 and 8 gkg). On reticulata cells, Ro 15-4513 potently stimulated their spontaneous firing and reversed the depression by both ETH and Na-pentobarbital. Moreover, the 6-carboline DMCM also had similar effects. The “pure” BZ antagonist Ro 15-1788 was completely inefective against ETH, yet fully cancelled the reversing actions of Ro 15-4513 and DMCM upon ETH or Na-pentobarbital
Gender Gap Trends for Violent Crimes, 1980 to 2003

The authors examine 1980 to 2003 trends in female-to-male interpersonal violence reported in Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) arrest statistics and National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) victimization data. Augmented Dickey-Fuller time-series techniques and intuitive plot displays show much overlap yet differences in each source’s portrayal of trends in female violence levels and the gender gap. Both sources show little or no change in the gender gap for homicide and rape/sexual assault, whereas UCR police counts show a sharp rise in female-to-male arrests for criminal assault during the past one to two decades—but that rise is not borne out in NCVS counts. Net-widening policy shifts have apparently escalated the arrest proneness of females for “criminal assault” (e.g., policing physical attacks/threats of marginal seriousness that women in relative terms are more likely to commit); rather than women having become any more violent, official data increasingly mask differences in violent offending by men and women.
The Principles of Bacteriology and Immunity

T OPLEY AND WILSON'S great two-volume work is now in one volume at $12.oo (formerly $iS.OO)-in England 5 ° s-Most up to date and authoritative presentation of these subjects in existence. More than a book-an entire bacteriological library systematically arranged for study and reference. "A notable production. The material has been well-digested and is presented in an orderly and easily assimilable form, and in far greater detail than in any English or American text-bo0k of reasonable size, with which we are acquainted. The inquirer is rarely left in the air. "-Lancet (London). "Thorough, with complete references to medical literature. The history, causes, methods of infection, serology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of infectious disorders is fully elucidated. A good index makes reference to any special subject simple. "-Jaurnal of the A.M.A. "The standard British reference volume on the subject. Comprehensive and authoritative. Has advantage over most other presentations in that it includes practical application. "-Jaurnal of Laboratory & Clinical Medicine. One volume. Buckram, 6~ x 9½. x66o pp. 36 pp. of Index. Bibliography with each chapter, z76illustrations. ~9ztables. Bergey nomenclature used. Now $I2.oo. (In writing to advertisers, please mention the journal-it helps.)
Some blood plasma constituents correlate with human cataract.

AIMS--To look for differences between matched pairs of patients and controls in concentrations of various plasma constituents which might indicate dysfunctions associated with cataract. METHOD--One thousand patients were taken from the cataract waiting list of a specialist eye hospital. For each patient a matched control of the same sex and half-decade of age but without cataract was taken from the patient list of the family doctor of the patient; the control was the next alphabetically after the patient on the doctor's list. The patients and controls were visited in their homes by a team of nurses who performed venepunctures and collected information for a questionnaire. Eye examinations were performed by a team of ophthalmologists. RESULTS--Significant differences were found between the cataract and control groups in 10 of the 18 examined plasma constituents. A constellation of three--bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase--was significantly higher in the cataract group, suggesting subclinical liver dysfunction as a risk factor. Steroid treatment and diabetes increased cataract risk. Endogenous basal plasma cortisol levels were raised in the cataract group, irrespective of steroid use and diabetic status. Alkaline phosphatase, calcium, glucose, and sodium were all raised in the cataract group. Given the raised total protein and albumin also found in the cataract group, the lower albumin/(total protein-albumin) ratio (an approximation for albumin/globulin ratio) may imply an increase in globulin, suggestive of possible (chronic) infection. Total cholesterol was lower in the cataract group. CONCLUSION--Human cataract in older age groups seems to be due to an accumulation of risk factors, even if individual mean concentrations are well within normal limits but, of course, differing significantly from the corresponding means in the control population.
Hubris in leadership: A peril of unbridled intuition?

Research attests to the perils of hubristic leadership in politics, the military and business organizations, however whilst researchers have identified hubris’ correspondences with personality disorders and various organizational and individual level factors, the cognitive and affective antecedents of hubris have been largely overlooked. In this paper we argue that intuition, existing as it does at the nexus of cognition and affect, is a central factor and that when intuition becomes misunderstood, unchecked or unbridled within the ‘cognitive economy’ of a powerful individual hubristic behaviour is more likely to appear. In what follows we will: review the concepts of hubris, Hubris Syndrome and intuition; propose intuition as an overlooked cognitive and affective source of leaders’ hubris; discuss the relationship between unbridled intuition and hubris; suggest how the perils of hubristic leadership stemming from unbridled intuition might be avoided or mitigated.
Gradual development of L2 phrase structure

We begin by reviewing data from Korean, Turkish, Italian and Spanish-speaking adults acquiring German without formal instruction. Our findings have shown that these learners transfer their L1 VPs: the Korean and Turkish speakers transfer a head-final VP and the Italian and Spanish speakers first transfer a head-initial VP and then switch its headedness to the correct, head-final value for German. Although functional projections in Korean and Turkish are head-final and in Italian and Spanish head-initial, all four groups of learners subsequently posit head-initial functional projections in German (which are not always target-like). We conclude that only lexical projections constitute the L2 learner's initial state; the development of functional projections is driven solely by the interaction of X'-Theory with the target-language input. We then discuss some studies on the acquisition of French by English speakers and of English by speakers of various L1s which purport to bring evidence to bear against our approach. Upon closer examination, the evidence turns out to offer further support for the position that the sole projections which the learner transfers from the L1 are lexical ones. Finally, we account for potentially problematic verb-raising data from French learners of English. Rather than taking the stance that French raising to Agr is transferred, we propose that L2 learners' identification of free morphemes as salient triggers leads to a misanalysis of verb raising in English. We also apply this idea to a reanalysis of the morpheme-order studies of the 1970s.
Ethanol‐related cytotoxicity catalyzed by CYP2E1‐dependent generation of reactive oxygen intermediates in transduced HepG2 cells

To establish direct linkage between the ethanol‐inducible cytochrome P450, CYP2E1, ethanol hepatotoxicity, and lipid peroxidation, a HepG2 cell line which expresses human CYP2E1 was established by retroviral infection. Ethanol produced a time‐ and concentration‐dependent cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells expressing the CYP2E1 but not to control cells. The ethanol toxicity was prevented by inhibitors of CYP2E1 and antioxidants. In a similar manner, addition of a polyunsaturated fatty acid such as arachidonic acid produced toxicity to the cells expressing CYP2E1 but not the control cells. Toxicity was associated with enhanced lipid peroxidation and was prevented by antioxidants. The ethanol and arachidonic acid toxicity was apoptotic in nature and was associated with activation of Caspases I and III. The toxicity and apoptosis could be prevented by peptide inhibitors of ICE and by transfection with a plasmid containing the cDNA for human Bcl‐2. These results show that this HepG2 cell model can be used to establish a CYP2E1‐dependent ethanol hepatotoxicity system, and that induction of a state oxidative stress appears to play a central role in the CYP2E1‐dependent apoptosis and cytotoxicity.
Receive or give? Contemporary views among middle-aged and older Chinese adults on filial piety and well-being in Hong Kong

Abstract This qualitative study aimed to examine the contemporary interpretation of filial piety by middle-aged and older Chinese adults in Hong Kong, and to explore its relationship with well-being in later life through focus groups. Data analysis revealed that all participants subscribed to the traditional value of filial piety, but had willingly reduced their filial expectations of their younger generation. Importantly, well-being in later life was found to be affected by both the younger generation’s filial commitments and older parents’ continued support of their younger generation so that the latter could lead a better life.
Job Satisfaction Among Psychologists in a Managed-Care Environment

The problem. The efforts of managed care to balance resources, cost, and quality of services have created new issues among mental health professionals, affecting their careers and having the potential to affect their job satisfaction. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate how managed care has impacted career satisfaction among professional psychologists. The method. The present investigation examined 21 factors in the prediction of job satisfaction among licensed psychologists. A sample of 1,000 licensed psychologists located in California, Oregon, and Washington was randomly selected from the National Register of Health Service Providers in Psychology. Three hundred seventeen participants responded and 312 provided useable data. Participants completed a 44-question survey; 20 items were from the Short-Form Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (Short Form MSQ; Weiss et al., 1967) and 24 items measured job characteristics and attitudes regarding managed care. The results. Bivariate correlations indicated that only 4 of the 21 variables were significantly related. Job satisfaction was positively correlated with the number of colleague providers present in a psychologists' practice and negatively correlated with (1) the general perception that managed care has a negative impact on the quality of care, (2) the specific perception that managed care has a negative impact on the quality of care by taking control of patient care, and (3) the perception that managed care has a negative impact on treatment by affecting the types of interventions used. Conclusions. Stepwise regression procedures that were used in combination with theoretical and statistical criteria resulted in a prediction model of job satisfaction that included annual income, number of colleagues in practice, the general perception that managed care has a positive impact on the quality of care, and the specific perception that managed care has a negative impact on the quality of care by controlling of patient care. Results were interpreted using Herzberg's (1966) Motivator-Hygiene theory of job satisfaction. Implications were proposed and directions for future research offered.
Mindfulness and open-text authorship in higher education: a meditation on how to make peace between the teacher and the researcher

The objective of this paper is twofold: on the one hand it aims at reviewing the existing literature and analyse scholarly debates discussing the link between teaching and research as well as leading to different academic structures and practices. On the other hand, it intends to explore how a third new image of the researcher-teacher in higher education can be developed which originates from deconstruction and reconstruction of the rigid teacher and researcher identities, as well as of student’s identity and role. Building on two very different traditions – semiotic theory of meaning production and mindfulness –, this paper speculates on the construction of a new image of the teacher-researcher which may be the result of a fluid encounter of traditional roles and identities and which may see lectureship as a form of authorship of open texts.
Wavelet—Artificial Neural Network Receiver for Indoor Optical Wireless Communications

The multipath-induced intersymbol interference (ISI) and fluorescent light interference (FLI) are the two most important system impairments that affect the performance of indoor optical wireless communication systems. The presence of either incurs a high optical power penalty and hence the interferences should be mitigated with suitable techniques to ensure optimum system performance. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and the artificial neural network (ANN)-based receiver to mitigate the effect of FLI and ISI has been proposed in the previous study for the ON-OFF keying (OOK) modulation scheme. It offers performance improvement compared to the traditional methods of employing a high-pass filter and a finite impulse response equalizer. In this paper, the investigation of the DWT-ANN-based receiver for baseband modulation techniques including OOK, pulse position modulation, and digital pulse interval modulation is reported. The proposed system is implemented using digital signal processing board and results are verified by comparison with simulation data.
Prediction by Promoter Logic in Bacterial Quorum Sensing

Quorum-sensing systems mediate chemical communication between bacterial cells, coordinating cell-density-dependent processes like biofilm formation and virulence-factor expression. In the proteobacterial LuxI/LuxR quorum sensing paradigm, a signaling molecule generated by an enzyme (LuxI) diffuses between cells and allosterically stimulates a transcriptional regulator (LuxR) to activate its cognate promoter (pR). By expressing either LuxI or LuxR in positive feedback from pR, these versatile systems can generate smooth (monostable) or abrupt (bistable) density-dependent responses to suit the ecological context. Here we combine theory and experiment to demonstrate that the promoter logic of pR – its measured activity as a function of LuxI and LuxR levels – contains all the biochemical information required to quantitatively predict the responses of such feedback loops. The interplay of promoter logic with feedback topology underlies the versatility of the LuxI/LuxR paradigm: LuxR and LuxI positive-feedback systems show dramatically different responses, while a dual positive/negative-feedback system displays synchronized oscillations. These results highlight the dual utility of promoter logic: to probe microscopic parameters and predict macroscopic phenotype.
Effect of ethnicity and race on the use of pain medications in children with long bone fractures in the emergency department.

STUDY OBJECTIVES We characterize the use of analgesics among children of different race and ethnicity who had isolated long bone fractures that were treated in emergency departments (EDs) across the United States. METHODS According to ED survey data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey for 1992 through 1998, patients younger than 19 years and visiting EDs with isolated long bone fractures were identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. Analgesic-prescribing rates were examined for children of different racial and ethnic groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the independent effect of race and ethnicity on analgesic use and on opioid use while other potential confounders were controlled. RESULTS One thousand thirty records representing approximately 3.9 million children were identified. Seven hundred ninety-two records were of non-Hispanic white patients, 111 were of black patients, and 127 were of Hispanic white patients. No significant difference was noted among the different racial and ethnic groups for receipt of analgesic medications or of opioid analgesic medications. Children with long bone fractures who visited the ED in the South (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19 to 3.09) and the West (adjusted OR 1.78; 95% CI 1.07 to 2.96) received opioid analgesic medications more often than children in the Northeast. Children in the South also received any analgesics more often (adjusted OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.56). CONCLUSION No difference in analgesic prescription or opioid analgesic prescription was found between black and Hispanic children compared with non-Hispanic white children with long bone fractures in EDs. There are, however, previously unreported regional differences in analgesic administration.
Is learning styles-based instruction effective? A comprehensive analysis of recent research on learning styles

In an influential publication in 2009, a group of cognitive psychologists revealed that there was a lack of empirical evidence supporting the concept of learning styles-based instruction and provided guidelines for the type of research design necessary to verify the learning styles hypothesis. This article examined the literature since 2009 to ascertain whether the void has been filled by rigorous studies designed to test the matching hypothesis and identify interaction effects. Correlational and experimental research recently published on learning styles is reviewed, along with an examination of how the subject is portrayed in teacher education texts. Results revealed that the more methodologically sound studies have tended to refute the hypothesis and that a substantial divide continues to exist, with learning styles instruction enjoying broad acceptance in practice, but the majority of research evidence suggesting that it has no benefit to student learning, deepening questions about its validity.