Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human hedonic experience during thermal alliesthesia:A functional magnetic resonance imaging study

The primary aim of the present experiment was to distinguish and map the hemodynamic correlates of hedonic experience using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). To accomplish this, we exploited a functional distinction between thermosensory perception and hedonic valuation. We used a water-perfused suit, both to deviate core temperature and to deliver thermal stimulation to the skin. We acquired two fMRI scans of each participant, under opposite core temperature deviations, in a single experimental session. During each scan we alternated the temperature of the circulating water in the suit from hot to cold every 2.25 minutes, for 18 minutes. Participants rated their thermal comfort and the suit temperature on 11-point Likert scales during alternating nine-second epochs. The critical feature of our design is that the hedonic sequence was the same in the two scans whereas the sequence of peripheral thermal stimuli and the core temperature deviations were opposite. We present behavioral evidence that the opposite sequences of thermal stimuli induced a common pattern of hedonic experience. Concurrent hedonic ratings tracked the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal recorded from spatially conjoint volume elements in pairs of scans from the same individuals. In cross subject mixed effects analyses, we grouped the functional scans acquired under each core temperature deviation. We then used a conjunction analysis of the group statistical maps to identify common hemodynamic correlates of the pattern of hedonic experience in bothscans. Spatially conjoint (i.e., co-localized) BOLD signal correlates of the hedonic ratings were observed in bilateral subregions of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (OMPFC). A second analysis, based on a normative model of hedonic response, yielded spatially conjoint BOLD signal correlates in a more broadly distributed area of the OMPFC,including the subgenual cingulate and bilateral temporal poles.
On nonlocal image completion using an ensemble of dictionaries

In this paper we consider the problem of nonlocal image completion from random measurements and using an ensemble of dictionaries. Utilizing recent advances in the field of compressed sensing, we derive conditions under which one can uniquely recover an incomplete image with overwhelming probability. The theoretical results are complemented by numerical simulations using various ensembles of analytical and training-based dictionaries.
Modulation of work and power by the human lower-limb joints with increasing steady-state locomotion speed

ABSTRACT We investigated how the human lower-limb joints modulate work and power during walking and running on level ground. Experimental data were recorded from seven participants for a broad range of steady-state locomotion speeds (walking at 1.59±0.09 m s−1 to sprinting at 8.95±0.70 m s−1). We calculated hip, knee and ankle work and average power (i.e. over time), along with the relative contribution from each joint towards the total (sum of hip, knee and ankle) amount of work and average power produced by the lower limb. Irrespective of locomotion speed, ankle positive work was greatest during stance, whereas hip positive work was greatest during swing. Ankle positive work increased with faster locomotion until a running speed of 5.01±0.11 m s−1, where it plateaued at ∼1.3 J kg−1. In contrast, hip positive work during stance and swing, as well as knee negative work during swing, all increased when running speed progressed beyond 5.01±0.11 m s−1. When switching from walking to running at the same speed (∼2.0 m s−1), the ankle's contribution to the average power generated (and positive work done) by the lower limb during stance significantly increased from 52.7±10.4% to 65.3±7.5% (P=0.001), whereas the hip's contribution significantly decreased from 23.0±9.7% to 5.5±4.6% (P=0.004). With faster running, the hip's contribution to the average power generated (and positive work done) by the lower limb significantly increased during stance (P<0.001) and swing (P=0.003). Our results suggest that changing locomotion mode and faster steady-state running speeds are not simply achieved via proportional increases in work and average power at the lower-limb joints. Summary: Faster steady-state locomotion speeds are not achieved by proportional increases in lower-limb joint work and average power.
The Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Large-Joint Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review

Abstract Context: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and costly condition with both operative and nonoperative treatments available. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is emerging as a treatment option for a variety of musculoskeletal pathologies, including OA. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of intra-articular PRP injection in the treatment of large-joint OA. Data Sources: PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and the Cochrane Database were searched. The references of all articles that met the inclusion criteria were manually searched for additional articles. Study Selection: English studies that enrolled human participants were included, with level of evidence I to IV. Results: Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria: 12 focused on knee OA, and 1 on hip OA. All studies showed statistically significant improvement in patient outcome scores with PRP. Platelet-rich plasma has a statistically significant benefit in knee OA when compared with hyaluronic acid. The benefit from PRP appears to last between 6 and 12 months. Conclusion: Platelet-rich plasma may be an effective treatment for knee OA. However, because of the low level of evidence, small sample sizes, and wide variability in treatment, no definitive recommendations can be made at this time.
Effect of Adenosine on Atrioventricular Conduction. II: Modulation of Atrioventricular Node Transmission by Adenosine in Hypoxic Isolated Guinea Pig Hearts

Adenosine as well as hypoxia and ischemia are known to cause atrioventricular conduction block. To test the hypothesis that adenosine is the primary mediator of hypoxla-lnduced atrioventricular conduction delay in isolated perfused guinea pig hearts, we characterized a) the time courses of hypoxiainduced adenosine release and delay in atrioventricular conduction, b) the relationships between oxygen tension, adenosine concentration in the effluent, and atria-to-His-bundle interval, and c) the adenosine receptor mediating the negative dromotropic effect of hypoxia. Oxygen tension and effluent adenosine levels were linearly related with a correlation coefficient (r) of −0.85 and a slope of −6.3 ± 0.37 pmol/min/g/torr. Likewise, oxygen tension and atria-to-His-bundle interval prolongation were linearly related with r = −0.85 and a slope of −0.180 ± 0.013 msec/torr. The EC50 of effluent adenosine in causing atria-to-His-bundle prolongation was 0.26 ± 0.02 μM. Adenosine deaminase, an enzyme that deaminates adenosine to inosine and is limited to the extracellular space, significantly attenuated (61%) the atria-to-His-bundle interval prolongation caused by hypoxia. This prolongation was further reduced (81%) by a combination of adenosine deaminase and theophylline, an adenosine receptor blocker. Adenosine deaminase also reduced (by 95%) the atria-to-His-bundle interval prolongation in normoxk recipient hearts caused by the effluent of hypoxic donor hearts. Several adenosine antagonists, i.e., theophylline, 8-phenyltheophylline, and 8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline antagonized in a dose-dependent manner the negative dromotropic effect of exogenous adenosine and hypoxia. Schild analysis of the antagonism of hypoxia-induced atria-to-His-bundle interval prolongation by 8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylllne yielded the following pA2 values: 5.30 ± 0.25 and 5.28 ± 0.31 using oxygen tension and effluent adenosine vs. AH interval prolongation, respectively. 8-(p-Sulfophenyl)theophyIline also antagonized to an equal extent atria-to-His-bundle interval prolongations of similar magnitude caused either by adenosine or hypoxia. We conclude that 1) adenosine is the primary mediator of hypoxia-induced atrioventricular conduction delay, and 2) the adenosine receptor that mediates the negative dromotropic effect of hypoxia is similar to that of exogenous adenosine.
Local Control Model of Excitation–Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscle

This is a quantitative model of control of Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle, based on dual control of release channels (ryanodine receptors), primarily by voltage, secondarily by Ca2+ (Ríos, E., and G. Pizarro. 1988. NIPS. 3:223–227). Channels are positioned in a double row array of between 10 and 60 channels, where exactly half face voltage sensors (dihydropyridine receptors) in the transverse (t) tubule membrane (Block, B.A., T. Imagawa, K.P. Campbell, and C. Franzini-Armstrong. 1988. J. Cell Biol. 107:2587–2600). We calculate the flux of Ca2+ release upon different patterns of pulsed t-tubule depolarization by explicit stochastic simulation of the states of all channels in the array. Channels are initially opened by voltage sensors, according to an allosteric prescription (Ríos, E., M. Karhanek, J. Ma, A. González. 1993. J. Gen. Physiol. 102:449–482). Ca2+ permeating the open channels, diffusing in the junctional gap space, and interacting with fixed and mobile buffers produces defined and changing distributions of Ca2+ concentration. These concentrations interact with activating and inactivating channel sites to determine the propagation of activation and inactivation within the array. The model satisfactorily simulates several whole-cell observations, including kinetics and voltage dependence of release flux, the “paradox of control,” whereby Ca2+-activated release remains under voltage control, and, most surprisingly, the “quantal” aspects of activation and inactivation (Pizarro, G., N. Shirokova, A. Tsugorka, and E. Ríos. 1997. J. Physiol. 501:289–303). Additionally, the model produces discrete events of activation that resemble Ca2+ sparks (Cheng, H., M.B. Cannell, and W.J. Lederer. 1993. Science (Wash. DC). 262:740–744). All these properties result from the intersection of stochastic channel properties, control by local Ca2+, and, most importantly, the one dimensional geometry of the array and its mesoscopic scale. Our calculations support the concept that the release channels associated with one face of one junctional t-tubule segment, with its voltage sensor, constitute a functional unit, termed the “couplon. ” This unit is fundamental: the whole cell behavior can be synthesized as that of a set of couplons, rather than a set of independent channels.
TRPM8 Ion Channels Differentially Modulate Proliferation and Cell Cycle Distribution of Normal and Cancer Prostate Cells

Overexpression of the cation-permeable channel TRPM8 in prostate cancers might represent a novel opportunity for their treatment. Inhibitors of TRPM8 reduce the growth of prostate cancer cells. We have used two recently described and highly specific blockers, AMTB and JNJ41876666, and RNAi to determine the relevance of TRPM8 expression in the proliferation of non-tumor and tumor cells. Inhibition of the expression or function of the channel reduces proliferation rates and proliferative fraction in all tumor cells tested, but not of non-tumor prostate cells. We observed no consistent acceleration of growth after stimulation of the channel with menthol or icilin, indicating that basal TRPM8 expression is enough to sustain growth of prostate cancer cells.
Dietary intake of patients with chronic kidney disease entering the LORD trial: adjusting for underreporting.

OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine the dietary intake of patients with chronic kidney disease before and after filtering for suspected underreporters and to investigate the impact of underreporting on the interpretation of diet data. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. SETTING The study included outpatients from hospitals and clinics in Northern Tasmania, Australia. PATIENTS Data from 113 patients enrolled in the Lipid Lowering and Onset of Renal Disease trial were used in this study. Patients with serum creatinine greater than 120 mmol/L were included, and those taking lipid-lowering medication were excluded. METHODS Patients completed a 4-day self-report diet diary, and FoodWorks software was used to determine their daily intake of energy, macronutrients, and specific micronutrients. Diet diaries were assessed for likely underreporting using the Goldberg cutoff approach with a ratio of energy intake to estimated resting energy expenditure of 1.27. Nutrient intakes were compared with current National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines, World Health Organization recommendations, recommended daily allowances, and daily values adjusted for energy intake. RESULTS Demographics of the patients were as follows: male/female, 71/42; age (mean +/- standard deviation), 60 +/- 15 years; body mass index, 28.6 +/- 6.0 kg/m(2), and serum creatinine, 223.4 +/- 110.0 mmol/L. According to the criteria, 80 patients (70.8%) were underreporting their energy intake. Underreporters were more likely to be female and younger, and have a higher body mass index and elevated serum creatinine. In all patients, daily energy intake (89.6 +/- 32.4 kJ/kg) was lower than recommended (125-145 kJ/kg); however, this was not the case for valid reporters (128.3 +/- 23.7 kJ/kg). Protein intake was higher (0.9 +/- 0.3 g/kg) than recommended (0.75 g/kg) in all patients and even higher (1.2 +/- 0.3 g/kg) in valid reporters. Mean calcium, zinc, and dietary fiber intakes were all below recommendations in all patients, but these differences were not apparent in valid reporters. CONCLUSION Interpreting self-report diet diary data from patients with chronic kidney disease without attempting to exclude underreporters will lead to erroneous conclusions, especially in respect to energy, protein, dietary fiber, calcium, and zinc intakes.
Image-based façade modeling

We propose in this paper a semi-automatic image-based approach to façade modeling that uses images captured along streets and relies on structure from motion to recover camera positions and point clouds automatically as the initial stage for modeling. We start by considering a building façade as a flat rectangular plane or a developable surface with an associated texture image composited from the multiple visible images. A façade is then decomposed and structured into a Directed Acyclic Graph of rectilinear elementary patches. The decomposition is carried out top-down by a recursive subdivision, and followed by a bottom-up merging with the detection of the architectural bilateral symmetry and repetitive patterns. Each subdivided patch of the flat façade is augmented with a depth optimized using the 3D points cloud. Our system also allows for an easy user feedback in the 2D image space for the proposed decomposition and augmentation. Finally, our approach is demonstrated on a large number of façades from a variety of street-side images.
Emotional contagion in soccer penalty shootouts: Celebration of individual success is associated with ultimate team success

Abstract We examined the association between celebratory responses after successful soccer penalty kicks and the outcome of a penalty shootout. Individually displayed post-shot behaviours in penalty shootouts held in World Cups and European Championships (N = 151) were rated on the presence of universally distinct and recognizable behaviours associated with positive emotions. Using chi-square analyses we investigated which behaviours were associated with winning the shootout, when the relative standing between the teams was equal. Players who engaged in certain celebratory post-shot behaviours were more likely to be in the team that ultimately won the penalty shootout. In particular, celebrations including both arms were associated with winning the shootout. It was more likely that the next kick taken by an opponent was missed after a player displayed these behaviours after a goal than when he did not. The findings are interpreted in terms of emotional contagion – that is, the transference of emotions from individuals onto teammates and opponents. It is suggested that the individual expression of post-performance emotions serves a direct purpose in enhancing future team performance and that emotional contagion is an important process in the context of elite sport performance.
Therapy of osteoporosis in patients with Crohn's disease: a randomized study comparing sodium fluoride and ibandronate

Background : Osteoporosis is a frequent complication in Crohn's disease. Although the efficacy of both sodium fluoride and aminobisphosphonates in postmenopausal osteoporosis has been investigated in long‐term therapy studies, no long‐term results are available regarding the effect of these agents in the management of osteoporosis in patients with Crohn's disease.
Opinion Feature Extraction Using Class Sequential Rules

The paper studies the problem of analyzing user comments and reviews of products sold online. Analyzing such reviews and producing a summary of them is very useful to both potential customers and product manufacturers. By analyzing reviews, we mean to extract features of products (also called opinion features) that have been commented by reviewers and deter-mine whether the opinions are positive or negative. This paper focuses on extracting opinion features from Pros and Cons, which typically consist of short phrases or incomplete sentences. We propose a language pattern based approach for this purpose. The language patterns are generated from Class Sequential Rules (CSR). A CSR is different from a classic sequential pattern because a CSR has a fixed class (or target). We propose an algorithm to mine CSR from a set of labeled training sequences. To perform extraction, the mined CSRs are transformed into language patterns, which are used to match Pros and Cons to extract opinion features. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is very effective.
Cryptosporidium suis Infection in Post-Weaned and Adult Pigs in Shaanxi Province, Northwestern China

Cryptosporidium spp. , ubiquitous enteric parasitic protozoa of vertebrates, recently emerged as an important cause of economic loss and zoonosis. The present study aimed to determine the distribution and species of Cryptosporidium in post-weaned and adult pigs in Shaanxi province, northwestern China. A total of 1,337 fresh fecal samples of post-weaned and adult pigs were collected by sterile disposable gloves from 8 areas of Shaanxi province. The samples were examined by Sheather’s sugar flotation technique and microscopy at×400 magnification for Cryptosporidium infection, and the species in positive samples was further identified by PCR amplification of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene. A total of 44 fecal samples were successfully amplified by the nested PCR of the partial SSU rRNA, with overall prevalence of 3.3%. The average prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in each pig farms ranged from 0 to 14.4%. Species identification by sequencing of SSU rRNA gene revealed that 42 (3.1%) samples were Cryptosporidium suis and 2 (0.15%) were Cryptosporidium scrofarum. C. suis had the highest prevalence (7.5%) in growers and the lowest in breeding pigs (0.97%). C. suis was the predominant species in pre-weaned and adult pigs, while C. scrofarum infected pigs older than 3 months only. A season-related difference of C. suis was observed in this study, with the highest prevalence in autumn (5.5%) and the lowest (1.7%) in winter. The present study provided basic information for control of Cryptosporidium infection in pigs and assessment of zoonotic transmission of pigs in Shaanxi province, China.
Converter-fed induction motor losses in different operating points

The use of converters to feed the motors instead of the direct-on-line supply has increased the need to understand the losses of the induction machine in different operating points. Most of the earlier studies have focused on the losses with the nominal supply frequency while this study covers most of the frequency-torque plane below nominal values. A 15 kW standard squirrel-cage machine's losses are analyzed in 16 different operating points with torque values of 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 % of motor rated torque and supply frequency values of 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 % of rated motor frequency. Measurements in all 16 operating points are made with both sinusoidal generator supply and with frequency converter supply.
Influence of Linear Flow Velocity of Uncracked Ammonia (NH3) Gas on Formation of Higher Nitrides, 𝛅-MoN and 𝛆-Fe2N, under Concentrated Solar Irradiation in the SF40 Solar Furnace at PSA

Nitriding experiments for powder specimens of Mo and Fe were carried out using a solar furnace SF40 at PSA (Plataforma Solar de Almeria) in Tabernas (Spain) in uncracked ammonia NH3 gas (NH3 gas with suppressed extent of dissociation by flowing) aiming at determining the range of linear velocity v of NH3 gas flow to yield higher nitride phases, δ-MoN for Mo and e-Fe2N for Fe. Standard solar exposure duration at a specified reaction temperature T was set to be 60 min over range of v between 1.14 mm·s-1 and 11.4 mm·s-1. By X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, presence of δ-MoN was detected besides γ-Mo2N and metallic Mo for Mo powder specimen heated to 900 oC in NH3 gas flow at v = 1.14 mm·s-1 but XRD peaks identifiable as δ-MoN became indiscernible when v was increased to 11.4 mm·s-1. On the other hand, for Fe powder specimen exposed to NH3 gas flow at v = 1.14 mm·s-1 at T = 500 oC, remnant metallic α-Fe was detectable by XRD at the down-stream side of the specimen holder but no metallic α-Fe was detected at the up-stream side of the specimen holder suggesting that chemical activity a(N) of N atom in uncracked NH3 gas tended to decrease along the NH3 gas flow path on going from the up-stream side to the down-stream side.
Influence of membrane anchoring and cytoplasmic domains on the fusogenic activity of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G

Chimeric proteins in which the transmembrane anchoring sequence (TM) or both the TM and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G were replaced with corresponding domains of viral or cellular integral membrane proteins were used to examine the influence of these domains on acidic-pH-induced membrane fusion by G protein. The TM and CT of G were also replaced with the lipid anchor glycosylphosphatidylinositol. Hybrids containing foreign TM or TM and CT sequences were fusogenic at acidic pH but glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored G was nonfusogenic at acidic pH. The results suggest that the fusogenic activity of G protein requires membrane anchoring by a hydrophobic peptide sequence and the specific amino acid sequence of the TM has no influence on fusogenic activity.