Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Schooling and Political Participation Revisited

We investigate how the link between individual schooling and political participation is affected by country characteristics. We introduce a focus on a set of variables - namely factor endowments - which inuence the relative productivity of human capital in political versus production activities. Using micro data on individual behavior, we nd that political participation is more responsive to schooling in land-abundant countries, and less responsive in human capital-abundant countries, even while controlling for country political institutions and cultural attitudes. We develop these ideas in a model where individuals face an allocation decision over the use of their human capital. A relative abundance of land (used primarily in the least skill-intensive sector) or a scarcity of aggregate human capital will increase both the level of political participation and its responsiveness to schooling, by lowering the opportunity cost of production income foregone. In an extension, we further consider the problem of how much schooling a utility-maximizing ruler would choose to provide. An abundance of land tends to increase political participation ex post, and hence will lead the ruler to discourage human capital accumulation, a prediction for which we find broad support in the cross-country data. Our model thus offers a framework which jointly explains patterns of political participation at the individual level and differences in public investment in education at the country level.
Gunshot-associated Fractures in Children and Adolescents Treated at Two Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Centers

Introduction: Gunshot injuries are a potentially significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. The objective of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology, fracture locations, associated injuries, types of treatment, and complications of gunshot-associated fractures in children and adolescents treated at two level 1 trauma centers. Methods: The clinical and radiographic records of all children and adolescents who had a gunshot-associated fracture treated at 1 of 2 level 1 pediatric trauma centers between January, 2005, and April, 2013, were reviewed. The following characteristics were recorded: patient age and sex, type of weapon, fracture location, presence of neurovascular injury or other associated injuries, antibiotic treatment, method of stabilization, duration of hospital stay, complications, and need for subsequent procedures. Results: Forty-nine patients with 58 fractures were identified; 9 patients had multiple fractures. The 41 males and 8 females had an average age of 12.2 years (range, 1 to 18 y). The tibia and femur were the most common sites of fracture (19% each), followed by the small bones of foot (4%) and the fibula (4%). Most of the fractures (71%) were treated nonoperatively. Nearly half (47%) of the patients had additional injuries, including abdominal or genitourinary injuries, neuropraxia or nerve injuries, and vascular injuries. Two patients (4%) developed infections (1 superficial and 1 deep) that required multiple irrigation and debridement procedures. Three patients developed compartment syndrome, and 4 patients had vascular injuries requiring repair. Nearly a third of patients (35%) had fractures or complications that required additional operative procedures. Conclusions: This large retrospective study highlights the significant morbidity of fractures caused by gunshots. Although the overall infection rate was low and most of these fractures were successfully treated nonoperatively, many of the patients required an additional operative procedure and nearly half had additional nonorthopaedic injuries. This emphasizes the necessity of coordination among emergency, general surgeons, intensivist, and orthopaedic surgical teams. Level of Evidence: Level IV—retrospective case series.
Determinants of Natural Gas Demand in Ghana

The study investigates the effect of economic and non-economic factors on natural gas demand in Ghana at the aggregate and disaggregates levels. The structural time series model is employed as it has the ability of capturing exogenous non-economic factors. The findings suggest that both economic and non-economic factors influence natural gas demand. It further reveal that different sectors respond differently to these factors. The study recommends that policies such as natural gas price subsidies should be customised for different sectors to obtain optimal results.
Business Cycles and the Behavior of Metals Prices

The theory of storage says that the marginal convenience yield on inventory falls at a decreasing rate as inventory increases. The authors test this hypothesis by examining the relative variation of spot and futures prices for metals. As the hypothesis implies, futures prices are less variable than spot prices when inventory is low, but spot and futures prices have similar variability when inventory is high. The theory of storage also explains inversions of "normal" futures-spot price relations around business-cycle peaks. Positive demand shocks around peaks reduce metal inventories and, as the theory predicts, generate large convenience yields and price inversions. and Telser, many tests of the theory use inventory data to test the hypothesis that the marginal convenience yield on inventory falls at a decreasing rate as aggregate inventory increases. Inventory data are always a problem in this approach. It is usually unclear how aggregate inventory should be defined. For example, how should one treat government stocks? Moreover, like the metals we study, many commodities are produced, consumed, and traded internationally, and the accuracy of aggregate inventory data is questionable. Our tests of the theory of storage are also based on the hypothesis that the marginal convenience yield declines at higher inventory levels but at a decreasing rate. Rather than test the hypothesis by examining the inventory-convenience yield relation directly, however, we test its implications about the relative
Localizing performance of go/no-go tasks to prefrontal cortical subregions

Purpose of review Response inhibition is an essential executive function implemented by the prefrontal cortex. Performance of go/no-go tasks, which are frequently used to investigate response inhibition, recruits a variety of cognitive components besides response inhibition. This article reviews recent findings on the functional localization associated with go/no-go tasks. Recent findings Recent neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies have shown that the presupplementary motor area and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex are crucial for response inhibition and that various subregions of the prefrontal cortex make different contributions leading to successful response inhibition. In particular, functional dissociation has been identified in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, which consists of at least three subregions: the posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus, inferior frontal junction and inferior frontal gyrus/insula. Summary Neuropsychological studies provide strong evidence that separate subregions of the prefrontal cortex make critical contributions to specific cognitive components involved in response inhibition, whereas neuroimaging studies cannot provide direct evidence regarding the causality, but provide insights into functional localization with high spatial resolution. These methods contribute significantly to our understanding of how executive functions are implemented and should continue to do so into the future.
Hypernatremia in the intensive care unit: an indicator of quality of care?

OBJECTIVE To assess the frequency of hypernatremia in patients who were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) and to determine the correlation of hypernatremia with the clinical outcomes, durations of the patients' stays in the ICU, and other clinical variables. DESIGN Retrospective survey. SETTING University teaching hospital. PATIENTS All patients (total, 389) who were admitted to the medical ICU of the department of internal medicine during 1 yr. MEASUREMENTS The database of our hospital's mainframe computer was searched for sodium values > or = 150 mmol/L that were registered in the year 1995. These data were then matched with the registration numbers of all patients who were admitted to our medical ICU between January 1 and December 31, 1995. In this way, we identified all patients in whom hypernatremia was present at admission or those who developed hypernatremia in the course of their stay in our ICU. The prevalence and duration of hypernatremia (defined as a serum sodium concentration of > or = 150 mmol/L or more) were determined; the correlation of hypernatremia with clinical outcome, duration of ICU stay, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores, and other clinical variables were evaluated; and changes in fluid administration in response to hypernatremia and fluid regimens in the period preceding hypernatremia were examined. MAIN RESULTS Of a total of 389 patients who were admitted in 1995, hypernatremia was present at admission in 34 patients (8.9%). The average duration of hypernatremia in these patients was 16.2 (range, 4-56) hrs. A total of 22 patients (5.7%) developed hypernatremia in the course of their stay in the ICU. The average duration of hypernatremia in this group was 34.7 (range, 4-89) hrs. Moderately elevated levels of sodium had been detected in most of these patients (n = 21) in the days before the development of severe hypernatremia; however, adjustments in fluid infusion aimed at preventing the occurrence of hypernatremia were either lacking (n = 7) or inadequate (n = 11). Hospital-acquired hypernatremia vs. hypernatremia present at admission to the ICU was associated with a higher mortality rate (32% vs. 20.3%, respectively; p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Despite frequent measurement of sodium levels in patients in the ICU, hypernatremia is a relatively common occurrence. Initial treatment of hypernatremia is often inadequate, and sometimes treatment is delayed. The development of hypernatremia is associated with adverse outcomes for patients developing hypernatremia in the ICU. Hypernatremia could potentially be used as an indicator of quality of care in the medical ICU.
The within-distribution business cycle dynamics of German firms

In this article, we analyse stylized facts for Germany's business cycle at the firm level. Based on longitudinal firm-level data from the Bundesbank's balance sheet statistics covering, on average, 55 000 firms per year from 1971 to 1998, we estimate transition probabilities of a firm in a certain real sales growth regime switching to another regime in the next period, e.g. whether a firm that has witnessed a high growth rate is likely to stay in a regime of high growth or is bound to switch to a regime of low growth in the subsequent period. We find that these probabilities depend on the business cycle position.
Human Capital, Market Imperfections, Poverty and Migration: Evidence from Albania

The most dramatic recent immigration in Europe is the influx of more than 700,000 Albanians, about a quarter of the total Albanian workforce, in the 1990s. The vast majority migrated illegally. This paper analyses the determinants of Albanian migration based on a unique representative survey of rural households. The study confirms that migrants are mostly young, male, and single. Regional variations in migration reflect a combination of cultural and economic factors, including migration costs. However, we find that migrants do not come from the poorest rural households. Moreover, education has a positive, albeit non-linear, effect on the likelihood of migration. Migration is negatively related with household access to alternative income sources and reduced financial constraints but positively related with the presence and household's access to migration networks. Policy implications are that aid programs and government initiatives to invest in rural infrastructure and rural education may have mixed effects on migration. A key policy target to reduce migration should be the creation of non-farm rural employment and rural households' access to finance.
Impact of CYP2D6*10 on recurrence‐free survival in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant tamoxifen therapy

The clinical outcomes of breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen may be influenced by the activity of cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) enzyme because tamixifen is metabolized by CYP2D6 to its active forms of antiestrogenic metabolite, 4‐hydroxytamoxifen and endoxifen. We investigated the predictive value of the CYP2D6*10 allele, which decreased CYP2D6 activity, for clinical outcomes of patients that received adjuvant tamoxifen monotherapy after surgical operation on breast cancer. Among 67 patients examined, those homozygous for the CYP2D6*10 alleles revealed a significantly higher incidence of recurrence within 10 years after the operation (P = 0.0057; odds ratio, 16.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.75–158.12), compared with those homozygous for the wild‐type CYP2D6*1 alleles. The elevated risk of recurrence seemed to be dependent on the number of CYP2D6*10 alleles (P = 0.0031 for trend). Cox proportional hazard analysis demonstrated that the CYP2D6 genotype and tumor size were independent factors affecting recurrence‐free survival. Patients with the CYP2D6*10/*10 genotype showed a significantly shorter recurrence‐free survival period (P = 0.036; adjusted hazard ratio, 10.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–86.27) compared to patients with CYP2D6*1/*1 after adjustment of other prognosis factors. The present study suggests that the CYP2D6 genotype should be considered when selecting adjuvant hormonal therapy for breast cancer patients. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 995–999)
The Impact of Affirmative Action Regulation and Equal Employment Law on Black Employment

T he federal policy of affirmative action effectively passed away with the inauguration of the Reagan administration in 1981. The Supreme Court decisions in the summer of 1989 nailed down the coffin lid. ' But affirmative action has carried more symbolic than real weight, and symbols have ways of persisting even when the body of law and regulation lies six feet under. The tenth anniversary of its passing is an appropriate time to consider what it achieved during its conflicted existence, and whether its possible resurrection is to be feared or welcomed. Affirmative action is one of the most controversial government interventions in the labor market since the abolition of slavery. In recent years, two major criticisms of affirmative action have found prominent voice. The first is that affirmative action does not work; therefore, we should dispose of it. The second is that affirmative action does work; therefore, we should dispose of it. My chief concern in this paper will be with the first of these criticisms. Was affirmative action successful in increasing employment opportunities for blacks? In this paper, affirmative action will refer to the provisions of Lyndon Johnson's Executive Order 11246 in 1965, as amended by Richard Nixon's Executive Order 11375 [3 C.F. R. 169 (1974)]. This focus is distinct from affirmative action required as a remedy by judicial decision, which is not the primary focus here.
Career Interruptions and Subsequent Earnings: A Reexamination Using Swedish Data

This paper reexamines the link between career interruptions and subsequent wages. Using a rich new Swedish dataset, we are able to disaggregate time out of work into several components. Regressing log wages on aggregate total time out leads to the standard result, i.e., a negative coefficient on time out. However, we find that different types of time out have different effects on wages and that these effects vary by gender. This casts doubt on the usual human capital depreciation interpretation that has been placed on the negative coefficient of total time out in the wage equation. We propose a simple signaling model as an alternative interpretation.
Cross-Polarization Suppressed and Linearly Polarized Patch Array Antenna With Cavity-Backed Slot Feed for Vehicle Applications

A compact linearly polarized patch array antenna with super-low cross polarization is proposed in this letter using multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) process. The radiation unit with stacked structure consists of four partly overlapped and 45 ° tilted patches and one cavity-backed slot antenna fed by the microstrip line. The proposed patch array antenna inherits not only a compact size, but also an excellent suppression of the cross-polarized radiation. The overlapped scheme introduces the perfect magnetic wall and electric wall by physical connection through current other than by virtual connection through electric field, which suppresses the cross-polarized radiation around the corners. A prototype array antenna with 8 radiation units for vehicle radar applications is designed and fabricated to validate the proposed design. Experimental results of reflection coefficient, gain, cross polarization, and radiation patterns are consistent well with simulation predictions. The prototype array antenna can operate from 23.2 to 24.8 GHz (6.67%) with its reflection coefficient under -15 dB and its gain varied from 16 to 19 dBi. The main beam is stable at broadside with a maximum gain of 18.99 dBi at 24.5 GHz, and the cross-polarization level is better than -55 dB under the maximum gain across the entire operating bandwidth and the main 3-dB beamwidth.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PROFIT DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT: Studi Empiris Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia Periode 2009-2012

This research aims to analyze the factors that influence the Profit Distribution Management on p ublic sharia banks that existed in Indonesia. The dependent variables used in this study is P rofit Distribution Management. Independent variables used in this study are Capital Adequacy, Effectiveness of Depositors Funds, Assets Composition, Deposits, Assets Management, Productive and the Rate of Inflation. This research using a sample of sharia banks that listed in Bank Indonesia (BI) in the period 2009-2012. Data were collected using a purposive sampling technique . Analysis of the test used the assumption of classical test, hypothesis test, and multiple regression analysis. Multiple regression analysis test results indicating that the variable Capital Adequacy, Effectiveness of Depositors Funds, Asset Composition, and Productive Assets Management positive effect significantly to Profit Distribution Management. While Deposits and Rate of Inflation have negative effect not significant to Profit Distribution of Management. The results of this study is expected that more sharia banks are capable of performing management of product development for results-based more in line with Islamic Sharia.
Attention-Based Transactional Context Embedding for Next-Item Recommendation

To recommend the next item to a user in a transactional context is practical yet challenging in applications such as marketing campaigns. Transactional context refers to the items that are observable in a transaction. Most existing transaction based recommender systems (TBRSs) make recommendations by mainly considering recently occurring items instead of all the ones observed in the current context. Moreover, they often assume a rigid order between items within a transaction, which is not always practical. More importantly, a long transaction often contains many items irreverent to the next choice, which tends to overwhelm the influence of a few truly relevant ones. Therefore, we posit that a good TBRS should not only consider all the observed items in the current transaction but also weight them with different relevance to build an attentive context that outputs the proper next item with a high probability. To this end, we design an effective attention based transaction embedding model (ATEM) for context embedding to weight each observed item in a transaction without assuming order. The empirical study on real-world transaction datasets proves that ATEM significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of both accuracy and novelty.
Human resource management practices in mid‐sized enterprises

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the similarities and differences in human resource (HR) practices between large and mid-sized organizations. Design/methodology/approach - With organization life cycle as the theoretical base, this study collects data on HR practices from a sample of mid-sized firms in one western state and compares the results to a previously published study of HR practices in much larger firms. Mid-sized firms are defined as having between 300 and 3,000 employees (mean=1,205); the average number of employees in the large firm sample was 30,700. Findings - While there are some similarities in HR practices, it appears that HR organizations in large firms are more targeted at strategic business issues and have achieved a greater degree of outsourcing and/or information technology application for the routine, file maintenance aspects of HR work. On the other hand, HR informants in mid-sized firms are more operationally focused, appear to be more satisfied with the skills and knowledge of their significantly smaller HR staffs, and give their HR organizations higher ratings on performance along multiple dimensions. Research limitations/implications - Limitations to the present study include the use of a single informant and a limited sample of mid-sized firms ( Originality/value - The HR practices of large and small (less than 500 employees) firms have been studied in the past. This paper fills a gap in organization life cycle theory by examining HR practices in mid-sized firms, suggesting in particular that the drive to refocus HR on strategic issues in large firms may be inappropriate in enterprises with 300 to 3,000 employees.
Prebreakdown Phenomena in Liquid Dielectrics

A new set-up, using a video camera, allowing easy and economical access to the velocity distribution of streamers is presented. Our study focuses on the behavior of negative streamers in a variety of liquids, either pure or containing ionic or non-ionic additives, in point-plane geometry. The propagation velocity distribution has always a more or less marked minimum, whatever the polarity and the shape of the streamer (bush-like or filamentary). Such a velocity distribution is similar to that of the field on a growing conducting sphere. There is generally a very close correlation between the shape and the velocity: the higher the velocity the more filamentary the streamer. This is still the case even when in the same liquid we have either subsonic or supersonic velocity. It is shown that the positive transient currents are also in favor of the model of the conducting sphere and not of a unique conducting filament even though there is evidence that the streamer is filamentary. Some of the theoretical models of streamer propagation already proposed are appraised, in particular that of Devins et al. which is thought to be the most accurate in describing experimental results. As concerns the initiation phase, the time lag until the appearance nce of the streamer dec, reases sharply when voltage is increased. This time lag also depends on space charge phenomena. Initiation voltages are always higher with positive polarity than for negative polarity for a series of tested simple or industrial liquids.
Exploiting Mobile Technology for Achieving Supply Chain Integration in Indian Retail

For decades supply chain coordination has been subject to research interest, and technology has been seen as an agent that accelerates this process. In developing countries, with far-flung markets and unorganized distribution networks, using technology for improving supply chain performances and accessing information is not an easy task. The research was directed to understand if mobile technology is being used by downstream supply chain partners for information sharing and thus improving supply chain performances. Findings suggest that supply chain integration with suppliers and customers is done through extensive use of mobile networks.