Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insufficient Control of Blood Pressure and Incident Diabetes

OBJECTIVE Incidence of type 2 diabetes might be associated with preexisting hypertension. There is no information on whether incident diabetes is predicted by blood pressure control. We evaluated the hazard of diabetes in relation to blood pressure control in treated hypertensive patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Nondiabetic, otherwise healthy, hypertensive patients (N = 1,754, mean ± SD age 52 ± 11 years, 43% women) participated in a network over 3.4 ± 1 years of follow-up. Blood pressure was considered uncontrolled if systolic was ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic was ≥90 mmHg at the last outpatient visit. Diabetes was defined according to American Diabetes Association guidelines. RESULTS Uncontrolled blood pressure despite antihypertensive treatment was found in 712 patients (41%). At baseline, patients with uncontrolled blood pressure were slightly younger than patients with controlled blood pressure (51 ± 11 vs. 53 ± 12 years, P < 0.001), with no differences in sex distribution, BMI, duration of hypertension, baseline blood pressure, fasting glucose, serum creatinine and potassium, lipid profile, or prevalence of metabolic syndrome. During follow-up, 109 subjects developed diabetes. Incidence of diabetes was significantly higher in patients with uncontrolled (8%) than in those with controlled blood pressure (4%, odds ratio 2.08, P < 0.0001). In Cox regression analysis controlling for baseline systolic blood pressure and BMI, family history of diabetes, and physical activity, uncontrolled blood pressure doubled the risk of incident diabetes (hazard ratio [HR] 2.10, P < 0.001), independently of significant effects of age (HR 1.02 per year, P = 0.03) and baseline fasting glucose (HR 1.10 per mg/dl, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In a large sample of treated nondiabetic hypertensive subjects, uncontrolled blood pressure is associated with twofold increased risk of incident diabetes independently of age, BMI, baseline blood pressure, or fasting glucose.
The three-point correlation function of galaxies: comparing halo occupation models with observations

We present models for the three-point correlation function (3PCF) of both dark matter and galaxies. We show that models based on the halo model can reasonably match the dark-matter 3PCF obtained from high-resolution N-body simulations. On small scales (r ≤ 0.5 h -1 Mpc) the 3PCF is sensitive to details regarding the density distributions of dark-matter haloes. On larger scales (r ≥ 2.0 h -1 Mpc) the results are very sensitive to the abundance of the few most prominent haloes. Using the conditional luminosity function, we also construct models for the 3PCF of galaxies, which we test against large mock galaxy samples. The bias of the galaxy distribution with respect to the dark matter, and the finite number of galaxies that can be hosted by individual haloes, significantly reduce the normalized three-point correlation function with respect to that of dark matter. Contrary to the 3PCF of the dark matter, the galaxy 3PCF is much less sensitive to details regarding the spatial number density distribution of galaxies in individual haloes or to the abundance of the few most massive systems. Finally, we show that our model based on the conditional luminosity function is in good agreement with results obtained from the 2-degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey. In particular, the model nicely reproduces the observational finding that the 3PCF for early-type galaxies is slightly higher than that of late-type galaxies, and that there is no significant dependence of the 3PCF on galaxy luminosity.
Ranking Income Distributions

A large variety of policy questions involve choices between social states and a consequent ordering of the feasible alternatives. When these social states are related to the levels of welfare experienced by individuals or households, two central issues stand out in determining the relative desirability of different social outcomes. One of these is the essentially positive exercise of achieving comparability between households with different characteristics (such as composition or preferences) operating in different environments (for example, facing different price structures). The other concerns the normative judgments implicit in the evaluation of alternative allocations of resourcesthe emphasis placed on inequality between households and the extent to which greater inequality can be compensated by higher average living standards. This paper focuses on the second of these issues, and in doing so we abstract from the problem of household comparability by considering a population of n households, identical in all respects except for their incomes. ' The question of ordering social states then becomes one of ranking income distributions over a group of anonymous households or individuals. Borrowing the usual assumptions imposed on consumer preferences, we may suppose that a social ordering of income distributions can be represented by a "welfare function"2
Analysis K-SVD: A Dictionary-Learning Algorithm for the Analysis Sparse Model

The synthesis-based sparse representation model for signals has drawn considerable interest in the past decade. Such a model assumes that the signal of interest can be decomposed as a linear combination of a few atoms from a given dictionary. In this paper we concentrate on an alternative, analysis-based model, where an analysis operator-hereafter referred to as the analysis dictionary-multiplies the signal, leading to a sparse outcome. Our goal is to learn the analysis dictionary from a set of examples. The approach taken is parallel and similar to the one adopted by the K-SVD algorithm that serves the corresponding problem in the synthesis model. We present the development of the algorithm steps: This includes tailored pursuit algorithms-the Backward Greedy and the Optimized Backward Greedy algorithms, and a penalty function that defines the objective for the dictionary update stage. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed dictionary learning in several experiments, treating synthetic data and real images, and showing a successful and meaningful recovery of the analysis dictionary.
The structure of emergent prefabricated housing industries: a comparative case study of Australia and Sweden

Abstract Prefabricated housing is a disruptive innovation struggling to take hold in a traditional complex product system (CoPS). It is quicker to produce and has improved environmental performance compared to traditional housing. CoPS have more dense and complex network connections than commodity industries, making disruptive innovation more difficult. Effective relational capabilities can achieve the coordination necessary to address this challenge. The prefabricated housing industry needs to develop a structure that drives these capabilities. Using a case study methodology, the structure of the industry is examined in two contrasting countries, namely Australia and Sweden, as they represent an early and late stage of industry emergence, respectively. A new framework is proposed for this purpose, enabling a repeatable, orderly and comprehensive disaggregation of industry structure to examine the latent drivers of relational capability. The main empirical contribution is to (1) describe an industry that is yet to be formally recognized by national statistical agencies and (2) show how the adoption of prefabricated housing can be accelerated. The study found that younger industries need a focused industry association with diverse membership to act as an effective system integrator.
Explaining the Attitude towards Mathematics in Students on the Basis of Goal Adjustment Strategies and Metacognitive Beliefs

The aim of this study was to Explaining Attitudes toward mathematics among Student on the basis of Goal adjustment strategies and metacognitive beliefs. In a Descriptive-correlational study, from among all students of various schools of Bafgh city, in 2016-2017, 310 students were selected using multistage cluster sampling method and using the margin of error Cochran. The participants completed the Goal adjustment strategies Scale, metacognitive beliefs Questionnaire, and Attitudes toward mathematics Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis (stepwise). The results showed significant negative relationship between Goal adjustment strategies with certain components of the attitude toward math. Also, the regression results showed that there is a significant-negative positive relationship between metacognitive strategies and some of the attitude to mathematics. These results also indicated that Goal adjustment strategies and metacognitive beliefs predictive for components of attitude to mathematics. From the findings of this study, it can be inferred that Goal adjustment strategies and metacognitive beliefs were important Factor of attitude to mathematics in students. Therefore, in educational programs for the mathematics among students, goal adjustment strategies and metacognitive beliefs require more attention.
Institute for Mathematical Physics on the Hardy–littlewood Majorant Problem on the Hardy-littlewood Majorant Problem

Let Λ ⊆ {1,. , N }, and let {a n } n∈Λ be a sequence with |a n | ≤ 1 for all n. It is easy to see that n∈Λ a n e(nθ) p ≤ n∈Λ e(nθ) p for every even integer p. We give an example which shows that this statement can fail rather dramatically when p is not an even integer. This answers in the negative a question known as the Hardy-Littlewood majorant conjecture, thereby ruling out a certain approach to the restriction and Kakeya families of conjectures.
A THEORY OF THE MECHANISM OF DISINFECTION, HEMOLYSIS, AND SIMILAR PROCESSES

1. The course of such processes as hemolysis is very largely dependent upon variations in resistance among the different individuals, and secondarily upon the course of the fundamental reaction. 2. The fundamental reaction may be either a simple process, or the expression of a complex series of changes whose rate is at all times governed by that of the slowest of the series. This might perhaps be regarded as another expression of the so called "Law of the minimum. " 3. Unnatural assumptions would be requisite for the explanation of a resemblance between the course of such processes in general and that of a monomolecular reaction. 4. The supposition that such a general resemblance exists is not supported by the available evidence. 5. The independent determination of either the nature of the fundamental reaction, or the type of the variation curve for the particular case under observation, will further our knowledge of the nature of such processes and lead to a far deeper insight into the nature and reactions of living matter.
A Framework for Facilitating Self-Regulation in Responsive Open Learning Environments

Studies have shown that the application of Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) increases the effectiveness of education. However, this is quite challenging to be facilitated with learning technologies like Learning Management Systems (LMS) that lack an individualised approach as well as a right balance between the learner's freedom and guidance. Personalisation and adaptive technologies have a high potential to support SRL in Personal Learning Environments (PLE), which enable customisation and guidance of various strengths and at various levels with SRL widgets. The main contribution of our paper is a framework that integrates guidance and reflection support for SRL in PLEs. Therefore, we have elaborated an operational SRL model. On that basis we have implemented a system with a learner model, SRL widgets, monitoring and analytic tools, as well as recommendation functionalities. We present concrete examples from both informal and formal learning settings. Moreover, we present analytic results from our SRL system - lab experiments and a public installation. With such a complex setting we are coming close to the realisation of Responsive Open Learning Environments (ROLE).
An empirical examination of the effect of self-regulation and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) factors on the online learning behavioural intention of college students

ABSTRACT The main objective of this study was to examine the factors of individual characteristics (e.g., self-regulation in terms of metacognition and motivation) and learning environmental expectancy (e.g., performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence) that influence students’ behavioural intention to continue online courses. The questionnaire data collected from 312 college students were analyzed using the structural equation modelling approach to examine the relationship between self-regulation and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model. The experimental results revealed that self-regulation in terms of metacognition and motivation directly related to performance expectancy, effort expectancy and social influence. In addition, performance expectancy, effort expectancy and motivation significantly and directly influenced students’ intention to use online courses. However, this study found that metacognition and social influence did not positively directly relate to behavioural intention. The discussion of the present findings and practical implications for possible future research have also been analyzed and concluded.
Environmental factors and the acceptance of youth towards MyEG application: a quantitative empirical investigation

The emergence of MyEG application facilitates in terms of specialized services for Malaysians. Although this application eases users, it is still not completely utilized by the youth. Therefore, this study aims to identify the types of MyEG services used by youth; thus determine the relationship between environmental factors and the acceptance of MyEG application. This study uses a quantitative approach through a survey method using a questionnaire. A total of 396 MyEG users in the Klang Valley have been selected as respondents. Data are analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 22. Two (2) types of statistics are used in this study. They are the Descriptive Statistics and Inferential Statistics. Descriptive statistics is used to identify the mean, percentage and standard deviation. Inferential statistics, on the other hand, is used to describe the relationship between the variables studied. This study found that the type of MyEG service preferred by youth is related to information regarding summons. Through Pearson Correlation test, the result shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between the facility and the performance towards the acceptance MyEG application. This study suggests that MyEG promotes itself in a larger scale medium by utilizing the new media and electronic media so that promotions can be done quickly and widely.
Stadtstruktur, Freundeskreise und Delinquenz : eine Mehrebenenanalyse zu sozialökologischen Kontexteffekten auf schwere Jugenddelinquenz

Z usammen! llSsung: Die Annahme, dass abweichendes Verhalten von Jugendlichen auch durch SO� zialräumliche Bedingungen beeinflusst werden kÖfilltC, hat in der Kriminalsoziologie eine lange Tradition, In jüngster Zeit haben eine Reihe von Studien vor allem in den USA mit Hilfe der Mehrebenenanalyse untersucht, ob die räumliche Konzentration sozialer Benachteiligungen in Wohnquartieren einen Verstärkullgseffekt auf ]ugenddelinqucm, hat. Der Beitrag greift diese For­ schungsrichtung auf und berichtet über die Ergebnisse einer 1999 und 2000 durchgeführten schriftlichen Schulbefragung von ca. 5000 Jugendlichen in 61 Stadtvierteln und Gemeinden in zwei westdeutschen Großstädten und einer angrenzenden ländlichen Region. Eine externe Validie­ rung der selbstberichteten Polizeikonrakte auf der Aggregatebene der Stadtviertel deutet darauf hin, dass die Befragten realistische Angaben über ihre Delinquenz gemacht haben. Die zentrale Hypothese, dass die räumliche Konzentration sozialer Benachteiligungen einen Verstärkungseffekt auf schwere Jugenddelinquenz ausübt, wird bestätigt. Weitere Analysen zeigen, dass die Existenz von Stadtvierteleffekten entscheidend von der räumlichen Orientierung der Freundeskreise abhän­ gig ist, die auch als Ausdruck der aktiven Auseinandersetzung der Jugendlichen mit ihrem \'(/ohn­ quartier verstanden werden kann. Zukünftige Untersuchungen sollten auch konkurrierende sozial­ ökologische Einflüsse insbesondere von Schulen berücksichtigen,
Pediatric residents’ and attending physicians’ perspectives on the ethical challenges of end of life care in children

One issue that has received less attention in present health care protocols is pediatric palliative care (PPC), which is an approach to care starting with the diagnosis of life-threatening diseases in children. It embraces physical, emotional and spiritual elements. Ethical issues are major concerns in today’s pediatric health care guidelines and must be considered by residents and attending physicians in this field. The present study was conducted in Namazi Teaching Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. Forty-eight out of 92 pediatricians were enrolled in this research, including 8 attendings, 6 fellows, and 34 residents. The study questionnaire consisted of 66 items. It was built based on previous reliable and validated questionnaire; also the calculated Cranach’s alpha was 0.815. Data were analyzed and presented by mean SD and percentage. While seventy-five percent of the participants reported involvement in pediatric palliative care, fifty-six percent did not acknowledge any information about the subject. More than half of the participants perceived the pediatric palliative care services in Namazi Hospital as somewhat or completely satisfactory. Furthermore, thirty-five percent of the applicants stated that they encounter an ethical problem with regard to PPC once a week. There are many challenges to providing decent palliative care for children, including symptom controlling, shifting to end of life care, background dissimilarities of patients, financial restrictions, and acceptance of death. Our applicants believed that offering psycho-spiritual support was the most important challenge in PPC. However, further investigations are needed to determine other requirements for providing a comprehensive guideline on PPC.
Vocal motor changes beyond the sensitive period for song plasticity.

Behavior is critically shaped during sensitive periods in development. Birdsong is a learned vocal behavior that undergoes dramatic plasticity during a sensitive period of sensorimotor learning. During this period, juvenile songbirds engage in vocal practice to shape their vocalizations into relatively stereotyped songs. By the time songbirds reach adulthood, their songs are relatively stable and thought to be "crystallized. " Recent studies, however, highlight the potential for adult song plasticity and suggest that adult song could naturally change over time. As such, we investigated the degree to which temporal and spectral features of song changed over time in adult Bengalese finches. We observed that the sequencing and timing of song syllables became more stereotyped over time. Increases in the stereotypy of syllable sequencing were due to the pruning of infrequently produced transitions and, to a lesser extent, increases in the prevalence of frequently produced transitions. Changes in song tempo were driven by decreases in the duration and variability of intersyllable gaps. In contrast to significant changes to temporal song features, we found little evidence that the spectral structure of adult song syllables changed over time. These data highlight differences in the degree to which temporal and spectral features of adult song change over time and support evidence for distinct mechanisms underlying the control of syllable sequencing, timing, and structure. Furthermore, the observed changes to temporal song features are consistent with a Hebbian framework of behavioral plasticity and support the notion that adult song should be considered a form of vocal practice.
Sodium Hydrosulfide Prevents Myocardial Dysfunction through Modulation of Extracellular Matrix Accumulation and Vascular Density

The aim was to examine the role of exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on cardiac remodeling in post-myocardial infarction (MI) rats. MI was induced in rats by ligation of coronary artery. After treatment with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, an exogenous H2S donor, 56 μM/kg·day) for 42 days, the effects of NaHS on left ventricular morphometric features, echocardiographic parameters, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9), type I and type III collagen, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD34, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the border zone of infarct area were analyzed to elucidate the protective mechanisms of exogenous H2S on cardiac function and fibrosis. Forty-two days post MI, NaHS-treatment resulted in a decrease in myocardial fibrotic area in association with decreased levels of type I, type III collagen and MMP-9 and improved cardiac function. Meanwhile, NaHS administration significantly increased cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), HO-1, α-SMA, and VEGF expression. This effect was accompanied by an increase in vascular density in the border zone of infarcted myocardium. Our results provided the strong evidences that exogenous H2S prevented cardiac remodeling, at least in part, through inhibition of extracellular matrix accumulation and increase in vascular density.
How Does Your Model Grow? An Empirical Investigation of the Effects of Ontological Clarity and Application Domain Size on Query Performance

Semantic data models provide a map of the components of an information system. The characteristics of these models affect their usefulness for various tasks (e.g., information retrieval). The quality of information retrieval has obvious important consequences, both economic and otherwise. Traditionally, data base designers have produced parsimonious logical data models. In spite of their increased size, ontologically clearer conceptual models have been shown to facilitate better performance for both problem solving and information retrieval tasks in experimental settings. The experiments producing evidence of enhanced performance for ontologically clearer models have, however, used application domains of modest size. Data models in organizational settings are likely to be substantially larger than those used in these experiments. This research used an experiment to investigate whether the benefits of improved information retrieval performance associated with ontologically clearer models are robust as the size of the application domains increase. The experiment used an application domain of approximately twice the size as tested in prior experiments. The results indicate that, relative to the users of the parsimonious implementation, end users of the ontologically clearer implementation made significantly more semantic errors, took significantly more time to compose their queries, and were significantly less confident in the accuracy of their queries.