Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Cognitive Control and Right Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex: Reflexive Reorienting, Motor Inhibition, and Action Updating

Delineating the functional organization of the prefrontal cortex is central to advancing models of goal-directed cognition. Considerable evidence indicates that specific forms of cognitive control are associated with distinct subregions of the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), but less is known about functional specialization within the right VLPFC. We report a functional MRI meta-analysis of two prominent theories of right VLPFC function: stopping of motor responses and reflexive orienting to abrupt perceptual onsets. Along with a broader review of right VLPFC function, extant data indicate that stopping and reflexive orienting similarly recruit the inferior frontal junction (IFJ), suggesting that IFJ supports the detection of behaviorally relevant stimuli. By contrast, other right VLPFC subregions are consistently active during motor inhibition, but not reflexive reorienting tasks, with posterior-VLPFC being active during the updating of action plans and mid-VLPFC responding to decision uncertainty. These results highlight the rich functional heterogeneity that exists within right VLPFC. In many situations, input from the environment is sufficient to drive cognition in a bottom-up fashion resulting in the production of appropriate behavior. At other times, such prepotent responses are not contextually appropriate, and we must exert top-down control to shape cognition and achieve a desired behavior. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is thought to enable top-down control by biasing processing in other brain regions toward contextually appropriate representations. 1–3 Extensive evidence indicates that PFC-mediated cognitive control encompasses a wide range of specific operations. 4–10 For example, upon hearing a phone ring you must decide whether to (a) execute the motor actions involved in answering your phone, (b) resist the inappropriate urge to answer your friend's phone, (c) attempt to ignore the sound as an auditory distraction , or (d) quickly attempt to silence your cell phone in order to minimize your embarrassment at the talk you are attending. The lateral PFC consists of multiple subre-gions that differ in their cytoarchitectonics and their patterns of connectivity with posterior cor-tical sites. 5,10–13 Remarkable progress has been made in the last two decades toward understanding the function-to-structure mapping that constitutes lateral PFC's macroscopic functional organization. 14–24 This body of research suggests that PFC is a heterogeneous structure with distinct subre-gions relating to specific cognitive control operations. Progress has also been made in understanding the broader principles of PFC organization, such as the possibility that PFC is hierarchically organized along its rostro-caudal axis, with higher-order goals encoded by more anterior regions and …
Practical issues for academics using the Turnitin plagiarism detection software

The Turnitin plagiarism detection system allows individual student assignments to be uploaded and matched for similarity with content on the web, all other assignments uploaded by institutions using the system and certain journals. An online report is produced for each submission identifying the sources of those similarities and the percentage match. There is a significant benefit in using Turnitin to identify possible cases of plagiarism. This paper highlights some issues that might be raised in employing Turnitin and suggests some approaches that academics might utilise to allow efficient use of Turnitin.
Enhancing the Decolorizing and Degradation Ability of Bacterial Consortium Isolated from Textile Effluent Affected Area and Its Application on Seed Germination

A bacterial consortium BMP1/SDSC/01 consisting of six isolates was isolated from textile effected soil, sludge, and textile effluent from Hudiara drain near Nishat Mills Limited, Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan. It was selected because of being capable of degrading and detoxifying red, green, black, and yellow textile dyes. The pH and supplements were optimized to enhance the decolorization ability of the selected consortium. The results indicated that decolorizing ability of consortium for the red, green, black, and yellow dyes was higher as compared to individual strains. The consortium was able to decolorize 84%, 84%, 85%, 85%, and 82% of 200 ppm of red, green, black, yellow, and mixed dyes within 24 h while individual strain required 72 h. On supplementing urea, the consortium decolorized 87, 86, 89, 86, and 83%, respectively, while on supplementing sodium chloride the consortium decolorized 93, 94, 93, 94, and 89% of red, green, black, yellow, and mixed dyes, respectively, which was maximum while in the presence of ascorbic acid and ammonium chloride it showed intermediate results. The effect of untreated and treated dyes was investigated on Zea mays L. (maize) and Sorghum vulgare Pers. (sorghum). This study will help to promote an efficient biotreatment of textile effluents.
Local Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress Increases in the Microcirculation during Leukocytes-Endothelial Cell Interactions

Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and leukocyte activation are important factors for vascular diseases including nephropathy, retinopathy and angiopathy. In addition, endothelial cell dysfunction is reported in vascular disease condition. Endothelial dysfunction is characterized by increased superoxide (O2 •−) production from endothelium and reduction in NO bioavailability. Experimental studies have suggested a possible role for leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction in the vessel NO and peroxynitrite levels and their role in vascular disorders in the arterial side of microcirculation. However, anti-adhesion therapies for preventing leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction related vascular disorders showed limited success. The endothelial dysfunction related changes in vessel NO and peroxynitrite levels, leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction and leukocyte activation are not completely understood in vascular disorders. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of endothelial dysfunction extent, leukocyte-endothelial interaction, leukocyte activation and superoxide dismutase therapy on the transport and interactions of NO, O2 •− and peroxynitrite in the microcirculation. We developed a biotransport model of NO, O2 •− and peroxynitrite in the arteriolar microcirculation and incorporated leukocytes-endothelial cell interactions. The concentration profiles of NO, O2 •− and peroxynitrite within blood vessel and leukocytes are presented at multiple levels of endothelial oxidative stress with leukocyte activation and increased superoxide dismutase accounted for in certain cases. The results showed that the maximum concentrations of NO decreased ∼0.6 fold, O2 •− increased ∼27 fold and peroxynitrite increased ∼30 fold in the endothelial and smooth muscle region in severe oxidative stress condition as compared to that of normal physiologic conditions. The results show that the onset of endothelial oxidative stress can cause an increase in O2 •− and peroxynitrite concentration in the lumen. The increased O2 •− and peroxynitrite can cause leukocytes priming through peroxynitrite and leukocytes activation through secondary stimuli of O2 •− in bloodstream without endothelial interaction. This finding supports that leukocyte rolling/adhesion and activation are independent events.
A QoS-aware fault tolerant middleware for dependable service composition

Based on the framework of service-oriented architecture (SOA), complex distributed systems can be dynamically and automatically composed by integrating distributed Web services provided by different organizations, making dependability of the distributed SOA systems a big challenge. In this paper, we propose a QoS-aware fault tolerant middleware to attack this critical problem. Our middleware includes a user-collaborated QoS model, various fault tolerance strategies, and a context-aware algorithm in determining optimal fault tolerance strategy for both stateless and stateful Web services. The benefits of the proposed middleware are demonstrated by experiments, and the performance of the optimal fault tolerance strategy selection algorithm is investigated extensively. As illustrated by the experimental results, fault tolerance for the distributed SOA systems can be efficient, effective and optimized by the proposed middleware.
Diffractive point sets with entropy

After a brief historical survey, this paper introduces the notion of entropic model sets (cut and project sets), and, more generally, the notion of diffractive point sets with entropy. Such sets may be thought of as generalizations of lattice gases. We show that taking the site occupation of a model set stochastically results, with probabilistic certainty, in well-defined diffractive properties augmented by a constant diffuse background. We discuss both the case of independent, but identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables and that of independent, but different (i.e. site dependent) random variables. Several examples are shown.
Contralateral Versus Ipsilateral Arm Premotor Cortex In Reaching Tasks With the Neural Activity in Primary Motor and Dorsal

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , January , 2010; 103 (1): 262-277. J Neurophysiol Kiyoshi Kurata Premotor Cortex in Monkeys Conditional Selection of Contraand Ipsilateral Forelimb Movements by the Dorsal [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , February , 2010; 103 (2): 986-1006. J Neurophysiol Jacques-Étienne Andujar, Kim Lajoie and Trevor Drew Guided Locomotion: Limb-Specific and Limb-Independent Effects A Contribution of Area 5 of the Posterior Parietal Cortex to the Planning of Visually [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , March , 2010; 103 (3): 1518-1531. J Neurophysiol Jordan B. Brayanov and Maurice A. Smith Weight Illusion − the Size Bayesian and ''Anti-Bayesian'' Biases in Sensory Integration for Action and Perception in [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , October , 2010; 104 (4): 2082-2091. J Neurophysiol Ian S. Howard, James N. Ingram and Daniel M. Wolpert Context-Dependent Partitioning of Motor Learning in Bimanual Movements [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , October 13, 2010; 30 (41): 13873-13882. J. Neurosci. Steven M. Chase, Andrew B. Schwartz and Robert E. Kass Latent Inputs Improve Estimates of Neural Encoding in Motor Cortex
Liver cholesterol: is it playing possum in NASH?

since nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) became an accepted entity in 1980, its pathogenic mechanisms have remained obscure. Strong associations with central obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia have always suggested NASH is a metabolic disorder ([2][1], [7][2], [19][3], [23][4]), and by 2003
DRAFT Transnational Crime : Drug Smuggling

Drug smuggling is probably the transnational crime generating the greatest revenues to participants, approximately $20 billion, mostly from cocaine and heroin. Migration and other economic factors, together with enforcement, affect all dimensions of the industry; which countries produce and transship; the means by which the drugs are moved; the organizational forms that survive in the market; and the revenues generated. A small number of poor countries produce the vast majority of cocaine (Bolivia, Colombia and Peru) and opium/heroin (Afghanistan, Myanmar). A slightly larger number of (slightly richer) countries serve as transshipment countries for delivery to wealthy consumer countries. Third world countries have low cost land and labor, a source of comparative advantage in the production of low technology agricultural items such as opium and coca. The particular countries involved all have long traditions of production of these particular crops and weak, corrupt central governments. Which countries play a role in transshipment is probably a function of geography, weak central government and smuggling tradition. Drugs move primarily in legitimate commerce and traffic. Dedicated vessels have at times played a major role in US-Colombian cocaine smuggling but the vast majority of heroin and a majority of cocaine now seem to travel either in commercial vehicles or with passengers coming in through Ports of Entry. A substantial fraction of total volume probably comes in large bundles (250 kilograms or above for cocaine; 25 kg or above for heroin). Many different types of enterprise function in transnational drug trafficking. Large organizations probably dominate the market, in terms of volume but there is no indication of power to exclude entrants or set prices. Immigrant groups dominate the trafficking throughout Western Europe and North America. While primarily from transshipment countries, immigrants from impoverished sub-Saharan African nations have become prominent in some countries. Value added per kilo shipped is extraordinarily high. A kilo purchased for $2,000 in Cali will sell for $15,000 in Miami. This may be a return for taking the risks involved; perhaps 40 percent of all cocaine shipped is seized along the way, couriers require high payments for assuming risks and corrupt officials in producer and transshipment countries add further taxes. There is little research on this topic and the barriers to research are formidable. The traffic leaves little trace in the legitimate economy. Investigative records and case files, along with participant interviews, could provide substantially improved understanding of how enforcement affects this sector of the drug trade.
Do Depositors Punish Banks for Bad Behavior? Market Discipline, Deposit Insurance, and Banking Crises

This paper empirically investigates two issues largely unexplored by the literature on market discipline. We evaluate the interaction between market discipline and deposit insurance and the impact of banking crises on market discipline. We focus on the experiences of Argentina, Chile, and Mexico during the 1980s and 1990s. We find that depositors discipline banks by withdrawing deposits and by requiring higher interest rates. Deposit insurance does not appear to diminish the extent of market discipline. Aggregate shocks affect deposits and interest rates during crises, regardless of bank fundamentals, and investors' responsiveness to bank risk taking increases in the aftermath of crises. Copyright The American Finance Association 2001.
CRISPR with independent transgenes is a safe and robust alternative to autonomous gene drives in basic research

CRISPR/Cas technology allows rapid, site-specific genome modification in a wide variety of organisms. CRISPR components produced by integrated transgenes have been shown to mutagenise some genomic target sites in Drosophila melanogaster with high efficiency, but whether this is a general feature of this system remains unknown. Here, we systematically evaluate available CRISPR/Cas reagents and experimental designs in Drosophila. Our findings allow evidence-based choices of Cas9 sources and strategies for generating knock-in alleles. We perform gene editing at a large number of target sites using a highly active Cas9 line and a collection of transgenic gRNA strains. The vast majority of target sites can be mutated with remarkable efficiency using these tools. We contrast our method to recently developed autonomous gene drive technology for genome engineering (Gantz & Bier, 2015) and conclude that optimised CRISPR with independent transgenes is as efficient, more versatile and does not represent a biosafety risk.
The Midterm Surgical Outcome of Modified Expansive Open-Door Laminoplasty

Laminoplasty is a standard technique for treating patients with multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Modified expansive open-door laminoplasty (MEOLP) preserves the unilateral paraspinal musculature and nuchal ligament and prevents facet joint violation. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the midterm surgical outcomes of this less invasive technique. We retrospectively recruited 65 consecutive patients who underwent MEOLP at our institution in 2011 with at least 4 years of follow-up. Clinical conditions were evaluated by examining neck disability index, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA), Nurick scale, and axial neck pain visual analog scale scores. Sagittal alignment of the cervical spine was assessed using serial lateral static and dynamic radiographs. Clinical and radiographic outcomes revealed significant recovery at the first postoperative year and still exhibited gradual improvement 1–4 years after surgery. The mean JOA recovery rate was 82.3% and 85% range of motion was observed at the final follow-up. None of the patients experienced aggravated or severe neck pain 1 year after surgery or showed complications of temporary C5 nerve palsy and lamina reclosure by the final follow-up. As a less invasive method for reducing surgical dissection by using various modifications, MEOLP yielded satisfactory midterm outcomes.
Integration of web service interfaces via decision trees

Web services as a basic instrument for inter-system communication are expanding rapidly. This causes an increased interest in effective integration into the respective complex systems. However, manual integration and management of evolution of the XML formats may be very hard. In this paper we study the possibilities of reverse engineering of XML schemas. A new method based on analysis of our previously proposed platform-specific conceptual model XSEM and the subsequent creation of a decision tree is introduced. The method allows to find a mapping from XML formats to conceptual diagram efficiently and more precisely.
Análisis comparativo de un programa educación física en niños con discapacidad auditiva sobre la edad motora equivalente

espanolObjetivo: Analizar de manera comparativa un programa educacion fisica en ninos con discapacidad auditiva sobre la edad motora equivalente. Metodo: El diseno de la investigacion fue de corte cuasi-experimental, con muestreo por conveniencia, participaron 38 ninos diagnosticados discapacidad auditiva de una edad promedio de 7.4±0.9 anos, matriculados en dos escuelas de la ciudad de Mexicali, Baja California. Mexico. Los participantes se dividieron aleatoriamente en un grupo control (n=15) y un grupo experimental (n=23), determinado la edad motora equivalente mediante el inventario de desarrollo Battelle, mediante pruebas de control muscular, coordinacion corporal, locomocion, motricidad fina, motricidad perceptiva. El programa de educacion fisica tuvo una duracion de 4 meses, con sesiones 5 veces a la semana, cada sesion duro 50 minutos, realizando una serie de tareas que enfatizaran las coordinacion motora y comunicandose con los alumnos mediante la lengua de senas mexicana. Resultados: El analisis de varianza (ANOVA) mixtas 2 x 2 reporto una interaccion doblemente significativa entre los grupos y las mediciones de la variable edad motora equivalente (p=0.05), los porcentajes de cambio resultaron 12. 9Δ% del grupo experimental y 4. 9Δ% del grupo control. Conclusion: La aplicacion de un programa de educacion fisica durante cuatro meses influencia de manera positiva mejora la edad motora equivalente en escolares con discapacidad auditiva. EnglishObjective: To analyze in a comparative way the effect of a physical education program on the equivalent motor age in children with hearing disability. Method: The research design was quasi-experimental, with convenience sampling; involving 38 children with diagnosed hearing disability with an average age of 7.4 ± 0.9 years, enrolled in two schools in the city of Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. The participants were randomly divided into a control group (n=15) and an experimental group (n=23). The motor age equivalent was determined using the education Battelle developmental inventory, through tests of muscle control, body coordination, locomotion, fine motor skills, and perceptive motricity. The physical education program was performed during 4 months, with five 50-minute sessions per week, focusing on tasks that emphasized motor coordination and communicating with students through the Mexican sign language. Results: The mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) 2 x 2 reported a doubly significant interaction between the groups and the measurements of the motor equivalent age variable (p=0.05). The percentages of change were 12. 9Δ% for the experimental group, and 4. 9Δ % for the control group. Conclusion: The application of a physical education program during four months improves the equivalent motor age in school children with hearing disability.
Reaction Time and Incident Cancer: 25 Years of Follow-Up of Study Members in the UK Health and Lifestyle Survey

Objectives To investigate the association of reaction time with cancer incidence. Methods 6900 individuals aged 18 to 94 years who participated in the UK Health and Lifestyle Survey in 1984/1985 and were followed for a cancer registration for 25 years. Results Disease surveillance gave rise to 1015 cancer events from all sites. In general, there was essentially no clear pattern of association for either simple or choice reaction time with cancer of all sites combined, nor specific malignancies. However, selected associations were found for lung cancer, colorectal cancer and skin cancer. Conclusions In the present study, reaction time and its components were not generally related to cancer risk.
Feature Selection by Weighted-SNR for Cancer Microarray Data Classification

Feature selection technique is widely used to improve the high dimensional data analysis especially in a classification task. Cancer microarray data classification task belongs to this category. There are many researches that study the feature selection of microarray data classification. The major problem is that many feature selection methods must pre-define the number of feature. Unfortunately, the number of feature which is suitable is not known. In this paper, we present a method to weight the value of each feature by SNR score. It is not necessary to pre-define the number of feature. Genetic Programming is employed as a classifier. The experimental results indicate that the
Self-Regulation and Spending Evidence from Impulsive and Compulsive Buying

C ontrolling the self is a crucial aspect of human life, with researchers unearthing even more situations in which selfregulation and the executive function serve to guide people in their behavioral choices (Baumeister & Vohs, 2003; Higgins, 1996). One area that has begun to receive attention in the selfregulation literature is buying impulses and decisions (Baumeister, 2002). In Western society, people are constantly encountering tempting products, goods, or services that they may elect to acquire. If the economic crisis of 2008–2009 has highlighted anything, it is that regardless of what people may wish to believe, they clearly cannot have it all. A conflict between “having now” versus “having later” requires the person to engage in selfregulation. Selfregulation has been characterized as having three component parts: (1) establishing a goal; (2) engaging in actions that lead to obtaining this goal; and (3) monitoring progress toward the goal (Baumeister & Vohs, 2003). For example, one may set a goal of putting at least $50 a week into savings. To achieve this goal, the person may need to cut back on spending, while monitoring whether the savings that result from these behaviors meet the goal. If not, further cutbacks are enacted and more assessments are made until finally the goal of saving $50 a week is reached. Unfortunately, selfregulation efforts are not always successful. Baumeister and Heatherton (1996) identified three causes of selfcontrol failure (1) conflicting goals; (2) failure to track one’s own behavior; and (3) depletion of the resources that permit selfcontrol to operate. From our perspective, purchasing behaviors can both contribute to the failure to exert selfregulation and be a response to such failures. Certainly, most people have numerous goals or plans that compete for their financial resources. People may save for a house; their children’s education; retirement; a vacation; a particular good, such as a couch or new car; or any of a number of other things.