Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring thE rolE of BEhavioral SuBmiSSivEnESS in Social anxiEty

217 © 2011 Guilford Publications, Inc. The authors would like to thank Tejal A. Jakatdar, Kyle Dumond, Zana Bass, Dalissy Jose, Lutana Henry, Ellen C. Jorstad-Stein, Thalia P. Moshos, Jennifer L. Subliskey, Peter B. Diefenbach, Michelle P. Wilson, Michelle Capozzoli, and Eric Henning for assisting with data collection and/or coding. Address correspondence to Justin W. Weeks, Department of Psychology, Ohio University, 249 Porter Hall; E-mail: weeksj@ohio.edu BEHAVIORAL SUBMISSIVENESS WEEKS ET AL.
A NEW EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHM FOR THE MULTIOBJECTIVE 0 / 1 KNAPSACK PROBLEM by Crina

The 0/1 knapsack problem is a well-known and it appears in many real domains with practical importance. The problem is NP-complete. The multiobjective 0/1 knapsack problem is a generalization of the 0/1 knapsack problem in which many knapsacks are considered. Many algorithms have been proposed in the past four decades for both single and multiobjective knapsack problem. A new evolutionary algorithm for solving multiobjective 0/1 knapsack problem is proposed in this paper. This algorithm used a ε-dominance relation for direct comparison of two solutions. Some numerical experiments are realized using the best and recent algorithms proposed for this problem. Experimental results show that the new proposed algorithm outperforms the existing evolutionary approaches for this problem.
Fathering and Gender Transformation in Zimbabwean Transnational Families

Migration research in Southern Africa has paid little attention to migrant men's involvement in the family, including their emotional and cognitive work, as well as associated gender transformations. Based on a qualitative study of six Zimbabwean migrant fathers in Johannesburg and three non-migrant women in Zimbabwe, this article argues that transnational migration at once presents opportunities for and obstacles to the reconstitution of gender-normative forms of parental involvement in migrant families. The analysis of the narratives of migrant men and their spouses demonstrates that, although maternal and paternal roles may become considerably indistinct in the context of transnational separations, non-migrant women may emphasize gender-normative expectations in their negotiations with distant fathers when faced with huge responsibilities at home. Such negotiations tend to reinforce gender-normative parenting in transnational split families. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1502209
Metaphors used by some engineering academics in Australia for understanding and explaining sustainability

Metaphors can be powerful teaching and learning tools which may help us to understand novel, complex or abstract concepts using familiar language and thought structures. Academics routinely use metaphors in their university teaching to explain new or difficult ideas to students. In this article the authors argue that tertiary teachers’ metaphors for sustainability warrant formal investigation, as they will likely influence the construction and delivery of sustainability curricula. Based on this contention, we conducted in‐depth interviews with eight Australian engineering academics which centred around the question ‘What do you mean by sustainability? ’. From the interview transcripts, we explicated and described four distinctly different metaphors. These were: sustainability as weaving, sustainability as guarding, sustainability as trading, and sustainability as observing limits. We describe each of the metaphors in detail and speculate on some of the underlying assumptions which underpin them. In conclusion, we advance the idea that sustainability might be taught using an explicit multiplicity of metaphors and that each metaphor would express important aspects of the phenomenon of sustainability. This approach would capitalise on the diversity of existing metaphors in the academe, and could result in curricula which reflect the richness and depth that a variety of perspectives can bring to understanding a complex, abstract, flexible concept like sustainability.
Understanding the gastrointestinal tract of the elderly to develop dietary solutions that prevent malnutrition

Although the prevalence of malnutrition in the old age is increasing worldwide a synthetic understanding of the impact of aging on the intake, digestion, and absorption of nutrients is still lacking. This review article aims at filling the gap in knowledge between the functional decline of the aging gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the consequences of malnutrition on the health status of elderly. Changes in the aging GIT include the mechanical disintegration of food, gastrointestinal motor function, food transit, chemical food digestion, and functionality of the intestinal wall. These alterations progressively decrease the ability of the GIT to provide the aging organism with adequate levels of nutrients, what contributes to the development of malnutrition. Malnutrition, in turn, increases the risks for the development of a range of pathologies associated with most organ systems, in particular the nervous-, muscoskeletal-, cardiovascular-, immune-, and skin systems. In addition to psychological, economics, and societal factors, dietary solutions preventing malnutrition should thus propose dietary guidelines and food products that integrate knowledge on the functionality of the aging GIT and the nutritional status of the elderly. Achieving this goal will request the identification, validation, and correlative analysis of biomarkers of food intake, nutrient bioavailability, and malnutrition.
Dioxin Revisited: Developments Since the 1997 IARC Classification of Dioxin as a Human Carcinogen

In 1997 the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified 2,3,7,8-tetra-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; the most potent dioxin congener) as a group 1 carcinogen based on limited evidence in humans, sufficient evidence in experimental animals, and extensive mechanistic information indicating that TCDD acts through a mechanism involving the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which is present in both humans and animals. The judgment of limited evidence in humans was based primarily on an elevation of all cancers combined in four industrial cohorts. The group 1 classification has been somewhat controversial and has been challenged in the literature in recent years. In this article we review the epidemiologic and mechanistic evidence that has emerged since 1997. New epidemiologic evidence consists primarily of positive exposure–response analyses in several of the industrial cohorts, as well as evidence of excesses of several specific cancers in the Seveso accident cohort. There are also new data regarding how the AhR functions in mediating the carcinogenic response to TCDD. The new evidence generally supports the 1997 IARC classification.
The neo-Kohlbergian tradition and beyond: schemas, expertise, and character.

Kohlberg's cognitive developmental paradigm has been enormously influential, spawning hundreds of research projects in this country and around the world. From Kohlberg we have much for which to be grateful. For example, he was among the vanguard against the behaviorist majority who helped bring about the cognitive revolution. He helped bring American attention to the work of Piaget. He provided a new way to look at morality beyond that of virtues and traits. He did not shrink from difficult problems, trying to do the impossible in tackling the naturalistic fallacy on philosophers' terms. He encouraged contrary viewpoints and supported alternative research paradigms (e.g., Gilligan, 1982). He developed the just community approach to education which my colleague Clark Power addresses in this volume. The cognitive revolution, although still evolving, has moved far beyond the stereotyped ages and stages of Piaget and Kohlberg. Critics have pointed out the oversimplified perspectives and globality of their theories, noting that the view from the ground is much more complicated and messy. Yet there is more empirical support for Kohlberg's general theory than ever before. Thus it is important to give it a second look, with the caveats and modifications necessary to fit the data. First I will describe the criticisms of Kohlberg's approach and then describe how neo-Kohlbergian theory addresses them. But then I too will move beyond Kohlberg, describing an Narvaez Page 2 approach that seeks to incorporate cognitive science and social-cognitive psychology into a moral psychology theory. Finally, I discuss some implications of these moves for deliberative character education in the classroom and in everyday life. 1 Like the theory of his intellectual mentor, Jean Piaget, Kohlberg's theory has fallen on hard times among psychologists for a variety of reasons. Stage theories generally are viewed as too broad-brushed, missing much of development, and underestimating early signs of change in younger children and infants. 1999; 2000). We sought to address the issues raised by critics and to exploit the massive data collected with the Defining Issues Test, an objective measure of moral judgment. The Defining Issues Test (or DIT) consists of several dilemmas and sets of considerations for respondents to rate and rank according to how important they are for making a decision about the dilemma. Data have been collected on tens of thousands of respondents from around the world. Our re-conceptualization of Kohlberg's theory is based on DIT data that have been collected …
Delayed hypersensitivity to heart antigens in Chagas' disease as measured by in vitro lymphocyte stimulation

Reactivity to Trypanosoma cruzi antigens and autoreactivity to heart antigens were evaluated in 27 patients with Chagasic cardiomyopathy (group I), 52 patients without evidence of cardiac dysfunction (group II), and 36 selected controls, either healthy patients or patients with other heart diseases (group III). The in vitro lymphoblastogenesis response to T. cruzi antigens was found to be high in groups I and II and low in group III. The mean stimulation index to T. cruzi antigens, in fact, tended to be highest in group I, suggesting a more intense immune response in patients with Chagasic cardiomyopathy. The proportion of individuals with reactivity to heart antigens was 28.6% in group I, 25% in group II, and 0% in group III. The finding of an equal percentage of reactivity to heart antigens in groups I and II was unexpected, as a higher incidence of positive reactions in group I was predicted. Consequently, it is thought that this finding and its relevance to the pathogenic process of Chagasic cardiomyopathy need to be carefully assessed in a longitudinal study.
Environmentally Induced Plasticity of Root Hair Development in Arabidopsis1

Postembryonic development of plants is dependent on both intrinsic genetic programs and environmental factors. The plasticity of root hair patterning in response to environmental signals was investigated in the Columbia-0 wild type and 19 Arabidopsis mutants carrying lesions in various parts of the root hair developmental pathway by withholding phosphate or iron (Fe) from the nutrient medium. In the aging primary root and in laterals of the wild type, the number of root hairs increased in response to phosphate and Fe deficiency in a manner typical of each growth type. Although an increase in root hair density in -phosphorus plants was mainly achieved by the formation of extra hairs over both tangential and radial wall of underlying cortical cells, roots of -Fe plants were characterized by a high percentage of extra hairs with two tips. Root hair patterning and hair length was differentially affected by the presence or absence of phosphate and Fe among the genotypes under investigation, pointing to separate cascades of gene activation under all three growth conditions. Divergence in root hair patterning was most pronounced among mutants with defects in genes that affect the first stages of differentiation, suggesting that nutritional signals are perceived at an early stage of epidermal cell development. During elongation of the root hairs, no differences in the requirement of gene products between the growth types were obvious. The role of genes involved in root hair development in the aging primary root of Arabidopsis under the various growth conditions is discussed.
Mobile technologies and personalized environmental information for supporting sustainable mobility in Oslo: The Citi-Sense-MOB approach

Urban and peri-urban growth is increasing world-wide and Europe is now one of the most u rbanized continents in the world. Oslo is one of the fastest growing cities in Europe. This creates pressure on its infrastructure, including traffic and environmental urban quality. Additionally, vehicular traffic is a major contributor to CO 2 emissions, which impacts climate change. It is r ecognized that air quality is a major factor for human health however, although different measures have been implemented, improving air quality and lowering carbon emissions still remains an unsolved problem in Oslo. The main objective of Citi-Sense-MOB is to demonstrate how using innovative technology to continuously measure environmental data at the road level combined with innovative Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) can help to create a dynamic city infrastructure for realtime city management, access to personalized environmental information and sustainable development. The output from the project will be mobile services for citizens and authorities based on the use of near real-time data on air quality and CO 2 emissions at road level. T he societal importance of these services arises from a need to mitigate the effects of air pollution and climate change, and to combat respiratory diseases related to traffic-related air pollution. In order to motivate citizens to use the information generated by the project, Citi-Sense-MOB will provide them with personalized environmental information, as for instance alerting systems when pollution levels exceed a critical threshold. Customized information will also be provided to authorities consisting of detailed air quality maps at high spatial resolution and an evaluation of possibilities to reduce CO 2 emissions by improving driving practices in public urban fleets.
On $k$-modal subsequences

A $k$-modal sequence is a sequence of real numbers that can be partitioned into $k+1$ (possibly empty) monotone sections such that adjacent sections have opposite monotonicities. For every positive integer $k$, we prove that any sequence of $n$ pairwise distinct real numbers contains a $k$-modal subsequence of length at least $\sqrt{(2k+1)(n-\frac14)} - \frac{k}{2}$, which is tight in a strong sense. This confirms an old conjecture of F.R. K.Chung (J.Combin.Theory Ser.A, 29(3):267-279, 1980).
Morality, sociability, and competence: Distinct and interactive dimensions of social cognition

This research explores the structure of social cognitive judgments and the role of moral evaluations in everyday social cognition. In Chapter 1, I show that morality and sociability are distinct dimensions in lay theories of personality and stereotype content, contrary to dominant two-dimensional models of social cognition that consider these to be two closely related aspects of a superordinate prosocial dimension of judgment. In three studies, judgments of real targets’ morality and sociability did not factor together, differed in terms of mean levels, and did not correlate any more highly than they did with judgments of competence. An additional study found that cluster analysis differentiated judgments of social groups on the basis of their perceived morality and sociability, and that these dimensions of judgment differently predicted intergroup emotions. I also elaborate a functionalist account of why these three dimensions should matter in person and group perception. In Chapter 2, I build on this functionalist account, and show that morality is the only one of these dimensions that is unambiguously positive – five studies show that sociability and competence are seen as positive attributes contingent upon a target’s positive morality, and are seen as less positive, and sometimes as truly negative, in immoral others. Finally, in Chapter 3, I examine the importance of morality, sociability, and competence in the self. It is widely accepted that people primarily care about morality in others, but primarily care about competence in the self. I challenge this assertion, and show that morality is highly valued in the self. Three studies showed that people are often more upset by challenges to their morality than to their competence or sociability. Moreover, the third study shows that reactions to threats to one’s morality, competence, and sociability engage different negative emotions. I propose that morality is at least as central to people’s identities as competence, and that prior results suggesting that competence is primary are due to peoples’ high confidence regarding their own morality. This program of research emphasizes the importance of morality in everyday social cognition and the distinctness of morality from other evaluative dimensions, particularly sociability. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Psychology First Advisor Geoffrey P. Goodwin
Some uses of the head shake

A context-of-use study is reported of the ‘head shake’. A large number of examples are described and compared, drawn from video recordings of naturally occasioned interactions in the circumstances of everyday life, made in Campania, Italy, central England and the Eastern United States. Eight different kinds of uses for the head shake are illustrated. It is concluded that the head shake is not to be understood simply as the kinesic equivalent of a unit of verbal expression. It appears as an expression in its own right which, furthermore, the speaker uses as a component in the construction of an utterance which, it seems, is so often a multimodal construction in which the different modalities of expression available are deployed by the speaker in the course of building a unit of expression according to the rhetorical needs of the interactive moment.
Globalisation, Diversity, and Education: A South African Perspective

Abstract In this article, literacy, which is conceived of as a set of cognitive skills, is juxtaposed with a sociocultural orientation that sees literacy as a set of social practices for the production of meaning. Cognitive, skills-based pedagogies treat literacy as universal, autonomous, and independent of context, whereas sociocultural literacy pedagogies focus on the production of socially situated meanings that are inclusive of diversity. I argue that current policy formulations of literacy in South African curriculum documents, which are based on deficit constructions of teachers and learners and organized around language and the communicative skills, is a pedagogy of despair. I offer a more hopeful, futures-oriented alternative.
Three intrinsically unstructured mussel adhesive proteins, mfp‐1, mfp‐2, and mfp‐3: Analysis by circular dichroism

Mussel foot proteins (mfps) mediate fouling by the byssal holdfast and have been extensively investigated as models for versatile polymer‐mediated underwater adhesion and coatings. However, insights into the structural properties of mfps have lagged far behind the nanomechanical advances, owing in part to the inability of these proteins to crystallize as well as their limited solubility. Here, solution secondary structures of mfp‐1, mfp‐2, and mfp‐3, localized in the mussel byssal cuticle, adhesive plaque, and plaque–substratum interface, respectively, were investigated using circular dichroism. All three have significant extended coil solution structure, but two, mfp‐1 and mfp‐2, appear to have punctuated regions of structure separated by unstructured domains. Apart from its punctuated distribution, the structure in mfp‐1 resembles other structural proteins such as collagen and plant cell‐wall proteins with prominent polyproline II helical structure. As in collagen, PP II structure of mfp‐1 is incrementally disrupted by increasing the temperature and by raising pH. However, no recognizable change in mfp‐1's PP II structure was evident with the addition with Ca2+ and Fe3+. In contrast, mfp‐2 exhibits Ca2+‐ and disulfide‐stabilized epidermal growth factor‐like domains separated by unstructured sequence. Mfp‐2 showed calcium‐binding ability. Bound calcium in mfp‐2 was not removed by chelation at pH 5.5, but it was released upon reduction of disulfide bonds. Mfp‐3, in contrast, appears to consist largely of unstructured extended coils.
A prospective 4-year naturalistic follow-up of treatment and outcome of 300 bipolar I and II patients.

BACKGROUND Because randomized clinical trials in bipolar disorder include restricted study populations, the possibilities for generalizing to real-world bipolar patients are limited. Naturalistic long-term data can add valuable information about the diversity of treatment and outcome in bipolar disorder. METHOD After discharge from a psychiatric community hospital, 300 consecutively admitted patients with ICD-10 bipolar I (n = 158) and II (n = 142) disorder were followed up naturalistically for 4 years. Patients were assessed with regard to time to relapse, relapse polarity in relation to index episode, prophylactic effects of prescribed medication, prescribing behaviors, and medication adherence. Drugs were chosen by the treating psychiatrists on the basis of clinical judgment. Prescribed medications included lithium, carbamazepine, valproate, lamotrigine, antidepressants, and atypical antipsychotics, all of which were compared as a single mood stabilizer or in combination with at least 2 prophylactic agents. The study was conducted from 2000 through 2008. RESULTS 204 of 300 patients (68%) relapsed within 4 years, with a mean of 208 days (SD = 356.2) until the next affective episode. Relapses correlated in a statistically significant manner with the index episode (χ²₄ = 57.48, P = .000; bipolar I: χ²₄ = 20.19, P = .000; bipolar II: χ²₄ = 106.82, P = .000). A Kaplan survival analysis showed that lithium in monotherapy statistically significantly delayed time to the next affective relapse (P = .002). Survival (time to relapse) was also statistically significantly reduced when prophylactic medication was changed by the psychiatrist (P = .000) or stopped by the patient (P = .001). In general, no differences in tested parameters were seen between the bipolar I and II groups. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm a high risk of relapse in a naturalistic setting. Lithium seems to offer some advantage over other medication over the long-term treatment of bipolar I and II disorder. Patients tend to relapse with the same polarity as their index episode; this emphasizes the importance of the polarity concept. Changing of medications by the psychiatrist and stopping of medication by the patient appear to be risk factors for an earlier affective relapse. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01792128.
Deliberate Self-Indulgence versus Involuntary Loss of Self-Control: Toward a Robust Cross-Cultural Consumer Impulsiveness Scale

ABSTRACT There is neither a consensus about the dimensionality of the consumer impulsiveness construct nor sufficient evidence about the validity and cross-cultural measurement equivalence of its various scales. We address these gaps by using cross-cultural differences in control orientations as the conceptual foundation for a more robust consumer impulsiveness scale. Specifically, we demonstrate that unlike individualistic consumers, collectivistic consumers distinguish between deliberate self-indulgence and involuntary loss of self-control, as reflected in the three-factor structure (prudence, self-indulgence, and self-control) for the collectivists and a two-factor structure (prudence and hedonism) for the individualists. We also discuss some implications and limitations of this research.