Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Sports Camp Experience on the Multidimensional Self-Concepts of Boys

15 boys, ages 6 to 9 yr. , participated in a summer sports day camp under the supervision of counselors trained in ways to enhance self-concept. An attempt was made to implement strategies in the program so that campers would experience persistent success during sports-skills learning and performance and develop positive peer relations. Subjects were pre- and post-tested on a self-concept scale which measured self-knowledge and self-esteem for physical maturity, peer relations, academic success, school adaptiveness, and sports-skills ability. It was thought that a positive experience through developing skills in sport and peer relations might improve at least the area of self-concept related to sports skills as opposed to the other dimensions. This hypothesis was supported. Only the aspects of self-concept related to sport were significantly enhanced after the camp experience. The findings support past research indicating that personal self-concept is situation-specific.
Further Analyses of Genetic Association Between GRM8 and Alcohol Dependence Symptoms Among Young Adults.

OBJECTIVE The gene GRM8, a metabotropic glutamate receptor, has emerged as a gene of interest for its possible role in the development of alcohol dependence, with evidence of association with an electrophysiological endophenotype and level of response to alcohol as well as suggestive evidence of association with alcohol dependence. METHOD The present study further investigated the association between GRM8 and alcohol dependence symptom counts among young adults using a new sample of individuals collected as part of the prospective sample (ages 18-26 years; N = 842) from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). RESULTS Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with alcohol dependence in European Americans using the Nyholt corrected p value of . 007: rs886003 (β = -.212, p = .0002) and rs17862325 (β = -.234, p < .0001), but not in African Americans, likely because of the lower power to detect association in this group. CONCLUSIONS These results further implicate the role of glutamate receptor genes such as GRM8 in the development of alcohol dependence.
Relationships Between The Underlying Constructs Of The Beck Depression Inventory And The Center For Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale

This study examines the relationships between the constructs of depression as measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the revised Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in a sample of 261 college students. The two scales were found to have a moderately high correlation and a similar pattern of relationships to measures of anxiety, hostility, self-esteem, hypochondriasis, and locus of control. However, the relations between the subscales and the factor structure of the subscales derived from both instruments suggest that the BDI and CES-D measure different aspects of depression despite sharing some symptoms. Therefore, the authors argue that the BDI and CES-D should not be used interchangeably. The results are discussed in terms of the applicability of the two measures of depression for use with nonclinical populations.
The relations between intellectual disabilities, social information processing, and behaviour problems

Social information processing (SIP) in children with mild intellectual disabilities (MID) has been said to differ from SIP in children without MID. However, findings have been inconsistent and MID have been confounded with behaviour problems. It is not clear whether SIP is uniquely related to intellectual disabilities, to the behaviour problems of children with MID, or to both. In the present study, 56 children with MID and 31 children without MID between the ages of 10 and 14 years therefore completed a number of SIP tasks involving video vignettes and their externalizing behaviour problems were assessed. It was hypothesized that intellectual disabilities would be related to both SIP and behaviour problems. Findings show children with MID to encode more negative cues, generate more responses, and show more variability in their responses than children without MID. Children with MID also generated fewer assertive responses, evaluated assertive responses less positively, were less confident about the enactment of assertive responses, and selected fewer assertive responses than children without MID. Submissive responses were more often generated spontaneously by children with MID, more positively evaluated by them, and given more confidence for enactment by children with MID compared to children without MID. Regression analyses were conducted to assess the relations between SIP, MID, and behaviour problems. Variance in the generation of submissive responses was related to both intellectual disabilities and externalizing behaviour problems. Variance in the encoding of cues, the number of responses generated, the variability of generated responses, the evaluation of assertive and submissive responses, self-efficacy, and the selection of assertive responses was found to be related to intellectual disabilities. Variance in the generation of aggressive responses was related to externalizing behaviour problems. In other words, not responding assertively was related to intellectual disabilities while responding aggressively was related to behaviour problems.
The Sound of Two Hands Clapping: The Education of a Tibetan Buddhist Monk

List of Illustrations Note on Translation and Transliteration Acknowledgments Introduction Part I. The Context 1. Tibetan Buddhism: A Brief Historical Overview 2. Tibetan Monasticism 3. Becoming a Monk: Teacher and Discipline Part II. Tibetan Scholastic Practices 4. Literacy and Memorization 5. The General Structure of the Tibetan Curriculum 6. Two Curricular Models 7. Scholasticism and Orality: Myth and Reality 8. Commentary and Meditation 9. The Supplement: Hermeneutical or Deconstructive? 10. Debate as Practice 11. Debate in the Curriculum 12. Is Debate a Mode of Inquiry? Part III. Reflections 13. Rationality and Spirit Cult 14. The Limits of the Inquiry Conclusion: Past and Future Uncertainties Notes Select Bibliography Index
A family intervention in psychosis service integrating the systemic and family management approaches

A project to establish new family intervention services to support people with psychotic symptoms and their families is described. The new services are developed by training a whole team in each main population centre. The multidisciplinary training course and the family intervention service are described, and the way in which we integrate the ‘family management’ and ‘family therapy’ approaches is discussed.
Impact of double Rayleigh scattering noise in distributed higher order Raman pumping schemes

We analyze the equivalent optical noise figure (NF) performances and double Rayleigh-scattering-induced noise characteristics of distributed Raman amplifiers based on higher order pumping schemes. We confirm that higher order counterpumping configurations improve the amplifier equivalent NF but also increase multipath interference noise, inducing system penalties at high ON-OFF Raman gain. A Q-factor analysis allows a quantitative evaluation of the real benefits provided by higher order pumping schemes.
The p53 transcriptional pathway is preserved in ATMmutated and NOTCH1mutated chronic lymphocytic leukemias

By using next generation sequencing, we have analyzed 108 B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patients. Among genes involved in the TP53 pathway, we found frequent mutations in ATM (n=18), TP53 (n=10) and NOTCH1 (n=10) genes, rare mutations of NOTCH2 (n=2) and CDKN1A/p21 (n=1) and no mutations in BAX, MDM2, TNFRSF10A and TNFRSF10B genes. The in vitro treatment of primary B-CLL cells with the activator of p53 Nutlin-3 induced the transcription of p53 target genes, without significant differences between the B-CLL without mutations and those harboring either ATM or NOTCH1 mutations. On the other hand, the subgroup of TP53mutated B-CLL exhibited a significantly lower induction of the p53 target genes in response to Nutlin-3 as compared to the other B-CLL samples. However, among the TP53mutated B-CLL, those showing mutations in the high hot spot region of the DNA binding domain [273-280 aa] maintained a significantly higher p53-dependent transcriptional activity as compared to the other TP53mutated B-CLL samples. Since the ability to elicit a p53-dependent transcriptional activity in vitro has a positive prognostic significance, our data suggest that ATMmutated, NOTCH1mutated and surprisingly, also a subset of TP53mutated B-CLL patients might benefit from therapeutic combinations including small molecule activator of the p53 pathway.
Effects of maternal epilepsy on children's neurodevelopment

Abstract To assess the neurodevelopmental consequences of epilepsy during pregnancy, we compared offspring of mothers with epilepsy and closely matched controls. Children of mothers with epilepsy were exposed to phenytoin (n=29) or carbamazepine (n=29) monotherapies. All children received age-appropriate measures of psychometric intelligence, motor skills, cognitive abilities, language, and temperament. Results indicated that epilepsy during pregnancy is associated with lower psychometric intelligence and less adequate language skills. Children exposed in utero to phenytoin were affected at a younger age and particularly in their language development, whereas children exposed to carbamazepine only showed effects past age 3. Regression analyses indicated an effect only on language skills due to maternal 1Q and type of epilepsy. Although results are limited by small sample sizes, present findings suggest effects due to anticonvulsants regardless of seizure activity and more favorable outcome in children tre.
Is Lifelong Knee Joint Force from Work, Home, and Sport Related to Knee Osteoarthritis?

Purpose. To investigate the association of cumulative lifetime knee joint force on the risk of self-reported medically-diagnosed knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods. Exposure data on lifetime physical activity type (occupational, household, sport/recreation) and dose (frequency, intensity, duration) were collected from 4,269 Canadian men and women as part of the Physical Activity and Joint Heath cohort study. Subjects were ranked in terms of the “cumulative peak force index”, a measure of lifetime mechanical knee force. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to obtain adjusted effects for mean lifetime knee force on the risk of knee OA. Results. High levels of total lifetime, occupational and household-related force were associated with an increased in risk of OA, with odds ratio's ranging from approximately 1.3 to 2. Joint injury, high BMI and older age were related to risk of knee OA, consistent with previous studies. Conclusions. A newly developed measure of lifetime mechanical knee force from physical activity was employed to estimate the risk of self-reported, medically-diagnosed knee OA. While there are limitations, this paper suggests that high levels of total lifetime force (all domains combined), and occupational force in men and household force in women were risk factors for knee OA.
Drug Lipophilicity and Microsomal Protein Concentration as Determinants in the Prediction of the Fraction Unbound in Microsomal Incubations

Two predictive tools have been proposed by Austin et al. (Drug Metab Dispos 30:1497–1503, 2002) and Hallifax and Houston (Drug Metab Dispos 34:724–726, 2006) to estimate the fraction unbound in the incubation (fuinc). The current study was undertaken to elucidate the relative utility of these prediction tools over a range of drug lipophilicity and microsomal protein concentration. The fuinc data set (n = 127) comprised 35 drugs determined experimentally in this study and 92 collated from Austin and Hallifax data. The observed fuinc values at three microsomal concentrations were compared with the estimates obtained using the Austin and Hallifax equations. In addition, the impact of variability in the logP on the fuinc predictions was assessed. The current analysis highlights the importance of accurate estimation of lipophilicity for the prediction of the fuinc, regardless of the prediction equation used. Both equations represent useful tools for estimation of fuinc for low lipophilicity drugs (logP/D = 0–3), especially at low microsomal protein concentration. However, the accuracy of fuinc predictions of highly lipophilic drugs was poor for both equations, implying that fuinc should be experimentally confirmed for drugs with logP/D ≥ 3, unless the microsomal protein concentration is as low as 0.1 mg/ml, in which case a cutoff of logP/D ≥ 5 can be applied. A significant difference in the predictions by the two proposed tools was observed in the area of intermediate lipophilicity (logP/D = 2.5–5), where the Hallifax equation provided more accurate fuinc predictions on average, irrespective of the microsomal protein concentration investigated.
DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF LEARNER EFFORT AND GOAL ORIENTATION ON TWO LEARNING OUTCOMES

Ti-aining research is beginning to examine the trainee as an active participant in the learning process. One component of this process involves the choices learners make about the effort they will apply to the learning task. Learner effort was examined in two ways: amount of effort and type of effort. Both amount and type of effort were measured in multiple ways. The results indicated that mastery orientation and time on task were the strongest predictors of performance on the knowledge learning outcome, while perceived mental workload and the use of an example during learning predicted performance on the application learning outcome. Implications for training practice and research are discussed. Given the substantial investment in time and resources devoted to training and education every year, psychologists in many disciplines have investigated influences on individual learning. Learning is typically defined as "a relatively permanent change in knowledge or skill produced by experience" (Weiss, 1990, p. 172). In organizationa l settings, we are often interested in knowledge and skill acquisition and retention as a function of some training experience (Baldwin & Ford, 1988; Goldstein, 1993). Much of training research has focused on the learner as a passive recipient rather than an active participant to various interventions or designs (Ford & Kraiger, 1995). The training literature has begun to examine the impact of increasing the level of participation of trainees in their own training. Most of this research has examined pretraining activities such as increasing trainee participation in the identification of training needs, the determination of the training content, the design of This article is based on the first author's master's thesis, conducted under the supervision of Kevin Ford at Michigan State University. An earlier version of this article was presented at the 11th Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, San Diego, CA.
Beyond Standardized Measures: Special Tests, Language in Context, and Discourse Analysis in Aphasia

Reprint requests: Ms. Simmons, Speech Pathology, Touro Infirmary, 1401 Foucher Street, New Orleans, LA 70115. In the past decade we have witnessed a trend toward a more eclectic approach to the assessment of aphasia. An emphasis on analyzing the structure and component parts of language has been expanded to include the study of language in use, communication as a whole. Ample means are now available to probe, plot, and profile aphasic language. Whether we view this plethora of tests and techniques as a liability or an asset will depend on the ability to determine the needs of individual patients, and selectively apply measures that meet these needs. The typical approach to assessment of aphasia is to administer a comprehensive or standardized test, such as those described by Lyon elsewhere in this issue of Seminars. These superhighways of assessment cut through the territory to outline the patient's disorder. Supplemental testing provides side trips into special areas to map out the details of the terrain and define the access routes or obstacles to communication. After administering a time-consuming, comprehensive aphasia test, the choice of supplemental measures can be difficult. We often feel compelled to get on with the business of treatment, and question whether or not additional testing can be justified or tolerated. Or, if unsure of the treatment approach to take, protracted testing could inadvertently become a time-filling rest stop on the road to management. Obviously, the choice of appropriate and practical special measures must be evaluated for each patient. The goals and rationale of assessment procedures should be clear and relevant. Special or supplemental procedures range from highly structured tests to relatively unstructured descriptive measures. They usually provide additional information to delineate patterns of performance on behaviors sampled in comprehensive tests, examine behaviors not included in the comprehensive test, or provide a different perspective on behaviors sampled in a comprehensive test. 181
Nonlinear Tracking Control of 3-D Overhead Cranes Against the Initial Swing Angle and the Variation of Payload Weight

In this brief, we propose a nonlinear tracking control method of 3-D overhead crane systems which works well even in the presence of the initial swing angle and the variation of payload weight. Besides the practical importance of the overhead cranes, this study is also theoretically interesting because four variables (trolley and girder positions, two swing angles) should be controlled using two control inputs (trolley and girder forces). To control such an underactuated system as cranes, a simple proportional-derivative (PD) controller has been normally used. Unlike the conventional regulation control, the newly proposed nonlinear tracking control law further improves the performance and robustness, which is based on the feedback linearizing control by using the swing angular rate as well as the swing angle. The proposed nonlinear tracking control law eliminates the nonlinear characteristics of the system and achieves the satisfactory position control and swing suppression, even when the initial swing angle and the variation of payload weight exist. We present the stability analysis and simulation results to demonstrate the practical application of our scheme.
A Comparison of the Effects of 20% Mannitol and 3% NaCl on Coagulation Parameters In Vitro using ROTEM: A Prospective Randomized Crossover Study.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study is to compare the effect of 20% mannitol and 3% NaCl on blood coagulation in vitro using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM). METHODS Twenty-millilitre blood samples were obtained from 15 volunteers. In each group, 2 mL blood samples were collected into both polypropylene tubes and EDTA tubes for ROTEM and hemogram analysis. After sampling, blood samples were diluted with test solutions. Group C (control): Only blood, Group M (mannitol): 7% vol 20% mannitol concentration in the blood, Group hypertonic saline (HS): 7% vol 3% hypertonic saline (NaCl) in the blood, Group M/H (mannitol and hydroxyethyl starch solutions [HES]): 6% vol 20% mannitol concentration and 8% vol HES in the blood and Group HS/H (hypertonic saline and HES): 6% vol 3% hypertonic saline concentration and 8% vol HES in the blood. The following thromboelastometric parameters were measured automatically: clotting time (CT) and clot formation time (CFT) with intrinsic activation by tissue factor (InTEM), CT, CFT and maximum clot firmness (MCF) with extrinsic activation by tissue factor (ExTEM) and MCF with FibTEM. RESULTS The ExTEM CT value was found to be significantly longer in the M/H group than in the controls. The ExTEM CFT median and percentile values were: group C: 85 s (70-95 s), group M: 115 s (94-128 s), group HS: 102 s (84-114 s), group M/H: 128 s (110-144 s) and group HS/H: 118 s (107-132 s). In all the groups, FibTEM MCF values were significantly lower than the control and also there was a significant difference between groups M and HS according to FibTEM MCF values. CONCLUSION Whole-blood coagulation disorder induced by these solutions is mainly dependent on fibrinogen and fibrin interaction. However, 3% HS has much less negative effect on coagulation.
Risk of Complications in Spine Surgery: A Prospective Study

Purpose : Complications are the chief concern of patients and physicians when considering spine surgery. The authors seek to assess the incidence of complications in patients undergoing spine surgery and identify risk factors for their occurrence. Methods : Prospective study of patients undergoing spine surgery from 1 February 2013 to 1 February 2014. Epidemiological characteristics and complications during the surgical hospitalization were recorded and analyzed. Results : The sample comprised 95 patients (mean age, 59 years). Overall, 23% of patients were obese (BMI =30). The mean BMI was 25.9. Approximately 53% of patients had comorbidities. Complications occurred in 23% of cases; surgical site infections were the most common (9%). There were no significant differences between patients who did and did not develop complications in terms of age (60.6 vs 59.9 years, p = 0.71), sex (56% female vs 54% female, p = 0.59), BMI (26.6 vs 27.2, p = 0.40), or presence of comorbidities (52% vs 52.8%, p = 0.87). The risk of complications was higher among patients submitted to spine instrumentation than those submitted to non-instrumented surgery (33% vs 22%), p=0.8. Conclusion : Just over one-quarter of patients in the sample developed complications. In this study, age, BMI, comorbidities were not associated with increased risk of complications after spine surgery. The use of instrumentation increased the absolute risk of complications.
Winners, losers and the Grand Coalition: Political satisfaction in the Federal Republic of Germany

This article examines how electoral outcomes nurture democratic sentiment. Elections generate winners and losers, and voters alter their beliefs in ways that are congruent with electoral choices. Yet, while winning and losing shape democratic sentiment, comparatively less is known about the intermediary influences through which this relationship flows. Analysing data from the Federal Republic of Germany, this article probes for contextually driven effects using cross-level modelling of German General Social Surveys (Allgemeine Bevölkerungs Umfrage der Sozialwissenschaften). Four hypotheses are tested at the individual level, with the results confirming the following. First, winners’ democratic sentiments remain firm in the context of electoral stalemate, but are mediated through their ideological proximity to the party for which they voted. Second, time conditions winners’ democratic sentiments, but in discrepant ways in the east and west of the country. There is no evidence that the western relationship has systematically weakened over a 20-year period. The eastern relationship, meanwhile, was especially strong following unification, but stabilised thereafter. In demonstrating that winners’ attitudes are influenced by political context and time, the article presents a more refined analysis and a more comprehensive account, and develops fresh lines of inquiry into the structure of mass democratic sentiment.