Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Few Girls With Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Show Positive Adjustment During Adolescence

Employing data from 140 prospectively followed girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 88 age- and ethnicity-matched comparison girls, we adopted a person-centered analytic approach to assess rates of adolescent positive adjustment (PA) across six domains: ADHD symptoms, externalizing symptoms, internalizing symptoms, social skills, peer acceptance, and school achievement. During adolescence, between 19.8% and 61.1% of the girls with childhood ADHD met criteria for PA when the six domains were considered independently. A total of 16.4% of the ADHD sample showed PA in at least five of six domains, versus 86.4% of the comparison girls. Results were similar when PA was examined excluding the ADHD symptom domain. Most girls did not “grow out of” the symptoms and impairments related to their ADHD.
Severely Impaired Baroreflex-Buffering in Patients With Monogenic Hypertension and Neurovascular Contact

Background—We identified a family with a monogenic syndrome of hypertension, brachydactyly, and neurovascular contact of the brain stem. Neurovascular contact of the ventrolateral medulla may lead to arterial hypertension by interfering with baroreflex function. Methods and Results—In 5 patients with monogenic hypertension (18 to 34 years old), we conducted detailed autonomic function tests. Blood pressure during complete ganglionic blockade was 134±4.9/82±4.1 mm Hg and 90±6/49±2.4 mm Hg in patients and in control subjects, respectively. During ganglionic blockade, plasma vasopressin concentration increased 24-fold in control subjects and <2-fold in patients. In patients, cold pressor testing, hand-grip testing, and upright posture all increased blood pressure excessively. In contrast, muscle sympathetic nerve activity was not increased at rest or during cold pressor testing. The phenylephrine dose that increased systolic blood pressure 12.5 mm Hg was 8.0±2.0 &mgr;g in patients and 135±35 &mgr;g in control subjects before ganglionic blockade and 5.4±0.4 &mgr;g in patients and 13±4.8 &mgr;g in control subjects during ganglionic blockade. Conclusions—In patients with monogenic hypertension and neurovascular contact, basal blood pressure was increased even during sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve traffic interruption. However, sympathetic stimuli caused an excessive increase in blood pressure. This excessive response cannot be explained by increased sympathetic nerve traffic or increased vascular sensitivity. Instead, we suggest that baroreflex buffering and baroreflex-mediated vasopressin release are severely impaired.
The Rho Pathway Mediates Transition to an Alveolar Type I Cell Phenotype During Static Stretch of Alveolar Type II Cells

Stretch is an essential mechanism for lung growth and development. Animal models in which fetal lungs have been chronically over or underdistended demonstrate a disrupted mix of type II and type I cells, with static overdistention typically promoting a type I cell phenotype. The Rho GTPase family, key regulators of cytoskeletal signaling, are known to mediate cellular differentiation in response to stretch in other organs. Using a well-described model of alveolar epithelial cell differentiation and a validated stretch device, we investigated the effects of supraphysiologic stretch on human fetal lung alveolar epithelial cell phenotype. Static stretch applied to epithelial cells suppressed type II cell markers (SP-B and Pepsinogen C, PGC), and induced type I cell markers (Caveolin-1, Claudin 7 and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1, PAI-1) as predicted. Static stretch was also associated with Rho A activation. Furthermore, the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632 decreased Rho A activation and blunted the stretch-induced changes in alveolar epithelial cell marker expression. Together these data provide further evidence that mechanical stimulation of the cytoskeleton and Rho activation are key upstream events in mechanotransduction-associated alveolar epithelial cell differentiation.
Somatostatin Impairs Clearance of Exogenous Insulin in Humans

Somatostatin has been widely used to suppress endogenous pancreatic hormone secretion in research studies. Many of these studies required the simultaneous infusion of a hormone together with somatostatin. A critical assumption for its use in metabolic investigation is that somatostatin has no effect on the action or clearance of a concomitantly infused hormone. To test whether clearance of an exogenously infused hormone is affected, we infused insulin with or without somatostatin in two sets of studies. Insulin (40 mU · kg−1 · h−1) was infused for 100 min (n = 6). Plasma glucose levels fell to 55 ± 4.1 mg/dl with insulin alone and significantly lower, to 44 ± 1.9 mg/dl, when somatostatin (250 μg/h) was also infused (P < .01). Plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) rose to 57 ± 12.5 μU/ml with insulin alone, which was significantly different from 88 ± 15 μU/ml when insulin was infused together with somatostatin (P < .01). When a smaller dose of insulin (30 mU kg−1 h−1) was infused for 100 min (n = 4), similar results were observed. When somatostatin was infused together with insulin, plasma glucose fell to lower levels (41 ± 4.2 vs. 62 ± 9.5 mg/dl; P < .01) and plasma IRI rose higher (39 ± 8.5 vs. 27 ± 5.9 μU/ml; P < .01) than when insulin was infused alone. C-peptide was equally suppressed by hypoglycemia regardless of whether somatostatin was administered, indicating suppression of endogenous insulin during these studies. We conclude that somatostatin infusion impairs the clearance of exogenous insulin. The resulting higher plasma IRI levels may contribute to the exaggerated hypoglycemia observed when somatostatin is infused with insulin. Impairment of clearance must be considered in the interpretation of metabolic studies where insulin and perhaps other peptide hormones are infused together with somatostatin.
Mild Cognitive Impairment

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a dynamic state between normal cognition and dementia, where interventions can be taken to stop or delay the progression to dementia. It is broadly of 2 types—amnestic, where memory loss is the chief concern and nonamnestic, where it is not. One variant of nonamnestic, dysexecutive, being more prevalent is sometimes known as a separate subtype by itself. Diagnosis of MCI is mostly clinical and is aided by various scales and neuropsychological testing. Functional imaging studies help in early detection and is superior to biomarkers or structural magnetic resonance imaging. Although there is no evidence supporting any pharmacological intervention, cognitive rehabilitation, memory training, and caregiver support play a strong role in limiting and sometimes reversing the ongoing cognitive decline. As the spectrum of MCI is heterogeneous, making the right diagnosis can be a challenging; hence, we need a systematic yet cost-effective algorithm for the timely management of MCI.
Comorbidity and polypharmacy in chronic heart failure: a large cross-sectional study in primary care.

BACKGROUND Comorbidity is common in heart failure, but previous prevalence estimates have been based on a limited number of conditions using mainly non-primary care data sources. AIM To compare prevalence rates of comorbidity and polypharmacy in those with and without chronic heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD). DESIGN AND SETTING A cross-sectional study of 1.4 million patients in primary care in Scotland. METHOD Data on the presence of LVSD, 31 other physical, and seven mental health comorbidities, and prescriptions were extracted from a database of 1 424 378 adults. Comorbidity prevalence was compared in patients with and without LVSD, standardised by age, sex, and deprivation. Pharmacology data were also compared between the two groups. RESULTS There were 17 285 patients (1.2%) who had a diagnosis of LVSD. Compared with standardised controls, the LVSD group had greater comorbidity, with the biggest difference found for seven or more conditions (odds ratio [OR] 4.10; 95% confidence interval (CI] = 3.90 to 4.32). Twenty-five physical conditions and six mental health conditions were significantly more prevalent in those with LVSD relative to standardised controls. Polypharmacy was higher in the LVSD group compared with controls, with the biggest difference found for ≥11 repeat prescriptions (OR 4.81; 95% CI = 4.60 to 5.04). However, these differences in polypharmacy were attenuated after controlling for the number of morbidities, indicating that much of the additional prescribing was accounted for by multimorbidity rather than LVSD per se. CONCLUSION Extreme comorbidity and polypharmacy is significantly more common in patients with chronic heart failure due to LVSD. The efficient management of such complexity requires the integration of general and specialist expertise.
Honk: A PyTorch Reimplementation of Convolutional Neural Networks for Keyword Spotting

We describe Honk, an open-source PyTorch reimplementation of convolutional neural networks for keyword spotting that are included as examples in TensorFlow. These models are useful for recognizing "command triggers" in speech-based interfaces (e.g., "Hey Siri"), which serve as explicit cues for audio recordings of utterances that are sent to the cloud for full speech recognition. Evaluation on Google's recently released Speech Commands Dataset shows that our reimplementation is comparable in accuracy and provides a starting point for future work on the keyword spotting task.
Medium Access Control Design for Cognitive Radio Networks: A Survey

SUMMARY Designing a medium access control (MAC) protocol is a key for implementing any practical wireless network. In general, a MAC protocol is responsible for coordinating users in accessing spectrum resources. Given that a user in cognitive radio(CR) networks do not have priority in accessing spectrum resources, MAC protocols have to perform dynamic spectrum access (DSA) functions, including spectrum sensing, spectrum access, spectrum allocation, spectrum sharing and spectrum mobility, beside conventional control procedure. As a result, designing MAC protocols for CR networks requires more complicated consideration than that needed for conventional/primary wireless network. In this paper, we focus on two major perspectives related to the design of a CR-MAC protocol: dynamic spectrum access functions and network infrastructure. Five DSA functions are reviewed from the point of view of MAC protocol design. In addition, some important factors related to the infrastructure of a CR network including network architecture, control channel management, the number of radios in the CR device and the number of transmission data channels are also discussed. The remaining challenges and open research issues are addressed for future research to aim at obtaining practical CR
Just-in-Time Certification

Traditional, standards-based approaches to certification are hugely expensive, of questionable credibility when development is outsourced, and a barrier to innovation. This paper is a call and a manifesto for new approaches to certification. We start by advocating a goal-based approach in which unconditional claims delivered by formal methods are combined with other evidence in multi-legged cases supported by Bayesian analysis. We then describe the necessity, and the challenge, of extending this to compositional certification and outline promising directions for accomplishing this. Finally, we consider the provocative possibility of adaptive systems in which methods of analysis traditionally used to support certification at design time are instead used for synthesis and monitoring at runtime, and certification is performed "just-in-time. "
Lexicon of the Phrygian Inscriptions

Phrygian is a fragmentary Indo-European language recorded in inscriptions found mainly in central Anatolia, dated to between ca. 800 BC and the 3 century AD. The main objective of this dissertation is to provide a comprehensive analysis of all the Phrygian words attested in these Phrygian inscriptions, using a dictionary structure. The result is an overview of the preserved Phrygian lexicon. Although the Phrygian texts are classified as belonging to one of three stages on the basis of chronology, linguistic features, script and contents (Old Phrygian, Middle Phrygian and New Phrygian), the whole lexicon has been compiled in a single dictionary. Before dealing with the main objective, a catalogue of all the known Phrygian inscriptions was created. Although the Old Phrygian inscriptions were collected by Brixhe and Lejeune (with Brixhe’s supplements), other inscriptions not considered in their corpus have been included here. An editio maior of the all New Phrygian inscriptions is still lacking and a complete catalogue was needed. Our work on the Phrygian language therefore began with the compilation of this catalogue. The middle stage of Phrygian is essentially attested by a single large epitaph, well edited by Brixhe. Consequently, this dissertation also offers a catalogue of the Phrygian inscriptions on which the study of the lexicon is based. Also addressed are the value of some letters of the Phrygian alphabet, used in the first stage of the language, and the segmentation of the inscriptions which employ scriptio continua. Once these preliminary problems have been dealt with, each segmented word is analysed, under one lemma when multiple forms are attested. Together with morphological analysis and examination of context, prior studies are corroborated by the current knowledge of Phrygian, when possible. Information from other fields such as Ancient Greek, the Anatolian languages and general IndoEuropean studies is also considered. Indeed, the comparative method is essential in this work, although context is constantly consulted in order to avoid purely etymological speculations. Innovative, personal contributions are often given, although many words remain unexplained because of the fragmentation of the inscriptions and the noteworthy abundance of hapax. After the detailed study of each word, a short grammar is built on the basis of the lexicon; this chapter is offered as an updated introduction to the Phrygian language.
The clinical and trichoscopic features of syphilitic alopecia.

BACKGROUND Syphilitic alopecia is not common in patients with secondary syphilis. Though the clinical and histopathological findings of syphilitic alopecia have been described, the trichoscopy features are unknown yet. MAIN OBSERVATION A 42-year-old Chinese man was admitted to our clinic with a complaint of hair loss. The patient presented clinically with moth-eaten alopecia over the whole scalp without any previous discomfort or skin rashes. The serology for syphilis was positive. Trichoscopy showed black dots, focal atrichia, hypopigmentation of hair shaft and yellow dots. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of trichoscopy, along with serology testing syphilitic alopecia can be differentiated from other hair loss diseases with similar clinical presentation.
Human V6: The Medial Motion Area

Cortical-surface-based functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging mapping techniques and wide-field retinotopic stimulation were used to verify the presence of pattern motion sensitivity in human area V6. Area V6 is highly selective for coherently moving fields of dots, both at individual and group levels and even with a visual stimulus of standard size. This stimulus is a functional localizer for V6. The wide retinotopic stimuli used here also revealed a retinotopic map in the middle temporal cortex (area MT/V5) surrounded by several polar-angle maps that resemble the mosaic of small areas found around macaque MT/V5. Our results suggest that the MT complex (MT+) may be specialized for the analysis of motion signals, whereas area V6 may be more involved in distinguishing object and self-motion.
Do the Asian Drivers undermine the export-oriented industrialisation in SSA?

An increase in outward orientation in general, and in export-oriented manufacturing in particular is widely indicated as a suitable developmental path for SSA. The logic for this is drawn both from the demonstration effect of China and the earlier generation of Asian NICs, and from theory. However, the entry of China (and to a lesser extent India) into the global economy as a significant exporter of manufactures, poses severe problems for export-oriented growth in SSA. This can be seen from SSA’s recent experience in the clothing and textile sectors, often considered to be the first step in export-oriented manufacturing growth. Without sustained trade preferences over Asian producers, SSA’s clothing and textile industry will be largely excluded from global markets and face significant threats in its domestic market. This has generalisable implications for other sectors, and for other sets of low income producers.
A system to simulate arterial blood flow for cannulation in the human patient simulator.

To the Editor:— We present a case of inadvertent injection of a mixture of rocuronium and morphine into the caudal epidural space in an awake patient. To Editor:— Spinal 1 tuberculosis highlighted by epidural anesthesia has been scarcely reported in the literature, and in most cases, only the anterior wall of the spine was involved. 1,2 Here, we report a case of unknown tuberculosis involving the posterior spinal process with epidural abscess drained by obstetric combined spinal–epidural anesthesia. A 35-yr-old Cambodian woman, gravida 2, was admitted during labor at 39 weeks’ gestation, at term of a normal pregnancy. Her medical history revealed a postpartum hemorrhage during her ﬁrst delivery, which had necessitated blood transfusion with inactive hepatitis C as a sequela. At 5 cm of cervical dilatation, she beneﬁtted from combined spinal–epidural analgesia with strict aseptic conditions. The spinal injection included 2.5 mg bupivacaine and 5 (cid:1) g sufentanil. After a test dose, an epidural continuous infusion of 0.1% ropivacaine was started through a ﬁlter. The patient did not experience motor block, decrease in blood pressure, fetal bradycardia, or pruritus. The onset of analgesia was rapid, and maternal satisfaction was high. Thirty minutes later, she delivered a healthy boy without complications. The epidural catheter was removed 2 h after delivery, and the epidural tip did not show any abnor-mality. Before discharge from the hospital, the patient reported a small tumefaction on her back, without fever or pain. The site of the epidural puncture was slightly swollen but without signs of inﬂammation or neu- rologic abnormality. She was discharged with local antiseptic care.
A Novel Steganalysis Algorithm of Phase Coding in Audio Signal

Audio steganalysis has attracted more attentions recently. Phase steganalysis is one of the most challenging research fields. In this paper, a novel algorithm to detect phase coding steganography in audio signal is proposed. It is based on analysis of the phase discontinuities, and can be described as follows. Firstly, it takes FFT transform of special segment of audio and unwraps the phases of each audio sample, then extracts the phase difference between neighboring samples. Secondly, in order to monitor the change of phase difference, it calculates the five statistical features of phase difference for steganalysis. Thirdly, the SVM classifier is utilized for classification. All of the 800 various audios are trained and tested in our experimental work. With various embedding parameters for training and testing audios, the proposed algorithm can achieve a good classification, and the correct rate of detecting is up to 95%.
SNARE: a link analytic system for graph labeling and risk detection

Classifying nodes in networks is a task with a wide range of applications. It can be particularly useful in anomaly and fraud detection. Many resources are invested in the task of fraud detection due to the high cost of fraud, and being able to automatically detect potential fraud quickly and precisely allows human investigators to work more efficiently. Many data analytic schemes have been put into use; however, schemes that bolster link analysis prove promising. This work builds upon the belief propagation algorithm for use in detecting collusion and other fraud schemes. We propose an algorithm called SNARE (Social Network Analysis for Risk Evaluation). By allowing one to use domain knowledge as well as link knowledge, the method was very successful for pinpointing misstated accounts in our sample of general ledger data, with a significant improvement over the default heuristic in true positive rates, and a lift factor of up to 6.5 (more than twice that of the default heuristic). We also apply SNARE to the task of graph labeling in general on publicly-available datasets. We show that with only some information about the nodes themselves in a network, we get surprisingly high accuracy of labels. Not only is SNARE applicable in a wide variety of domains, but it is also robust to the choice of parameters and highly scalable-linearly with the number of edges in a graph.
Diagnosis of Norwalk Virus Infection by Indirect Enzyme Immunoassay Detection of Salivary Antibodies to Recombinant Norwalk Virus Antigen

ABSTRACT Simple diagnostic tests are needed for the detection of norovirus (NoV) outbreaks. Salivary antibody assays provide an attractive alternative to collecting and testing serum or stool samples. Antibodies to Norwalk virus (NV) in oral fluid samples were compared with NV antibodies in serum collected from 38 volunteers challenged with NV inoculum. Pre- and postchallenge (day 4, 8, 14, and 21) saliva and serum samples were examined by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using recombinant NV antigen. Of 18 infected subjects (those who shed NV in stool or who demonstrated immunoglobulin G [IgG] seroconversion), 15 (83%) had ≥4-fold increases in NV-specific salivary IgA and 15 (83%) had ≥4-fold increases in NV-specific salivary IgG when prechallenge and postchallenge saliva samples were compared. When the results of the IgA and IgG assays were combined, all 18 infected subjects showed ≥4-fold increases in NV-specific salivary IgG or IgA postchallenge titers compared to their prechallenge titers. One of 19 uninfected subjects had a ≥4-fold increase in NV-specific salivary IgG. The sensitivity of the combined assay results was 100%, and the specificity was 95%. NV-specific salivary IgA titers peaked around 14 days postchallenge. NV-specific salivary IgG and serum IgG titers continued to rise through 21 days postchallenge. The application of this EIA to an elementary school outbreak indicated that 67% of the subjects with confirmed infections had >4-fold rises in anti-NoV IgA when an antigen in the same genetic cluster as the outbreak virus was used. This is the first documented mucosal antibody response to NoV in children. This EIA provides a useful approach for diagnosing NoV outbreaks.
Algorithm 380: in-situ transposition of a rectangular matrix [F1]

where [el indicates integer par t of e. I t is more convenient to work in terms of index I1, taking values from 0 to K = m X n 1, which gives the expression I2 = m X I1 -K X [I1/n] and the value in A ( I i + I ) must be moved to A(I2+1) . By repeating this formula we find tha t the t ransposition consists of a series of " loops" , I1 --~ I2 ~ 13 -~ . ~ I1. We also note tha t this process is symmetric . For example, if I is the smallest value in a loop then K -I is the largest value of a loop, although both these values may in fact belong to the same loop. This is a special case of a more general result , which may be s ta ted as follows: T h e o r e m . I f 11 ~ 12 -+ 13 . ~ 11 i s a loop, then (K--I1) --~ (K--12) --~ (K--I3) . -+ (K-/1) i s also a loop. C o m m e n t s on Theorem. This may be two representat ions of the same loop or i t may describe a " symmet r i c" pair of loops. For a 2 X 8 matr ix the process generates the following loops, w h e r e K = 2 X 8 1 = 15. (a) I 1 ~ 2--~ 4 ~ 8--~ 1 K I 14-~ 7--~ 11 -~ 13 -~ 14