Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intratumoral Lymphatic Vessel Involvement is an Invasive Indicator of Completely Resected Pathologic Stage I Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Introduction: Therapeutic strategies remain controversial for the completely resected stage I non-small cell lung cancer patients with worse long-term survival. Comprehensive patient selection for adjuvant chemotherapy should be based on proven risk factors. Methods: The records of 610 patients with pathologic stage I complete pulmonary resection were retrospectively reviewed. Survival was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards analysis. Results: Overall 5-year survival rate was 75.1%. Univariate analysis for all patients revealed eight significant prognostic factors: age (p < 0.0001); gender (p = 0.0001); histopathology (p < 0.0001); differentiation (p < 0.0001); tumor size (T factor) (p < 0.0001); pleural involvement (p = 0.0007); blood vessel involvement (p < 0.0001); and lymphatic vessel involvement (p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed age, tumor size, and lymphatic vessel involvement as significant factors. Hazard ratios for death were 0.563 for age younger than 70 years (p = 0.0004), 0.629 for T1 tumor (p = 0.0126), and 0.514 for ly(−) (p = 0.0002). Five-year survival rates in patients with T1 without lymphatic vessel involvement, T1 with lymphatic vessel involvement, T2 without lymphatic vessel involvement, and T2 with lymphatic vessel involvement were 88.7, 69.8, 73.5, and 56.1%, respectively. Overlapping prognoses were seen between T1 with lymphatic vessel involvement classed as stage IA and T2 without lymphatic vessel involvement classed as stage IB disease. Conclusions: Our analyses indicate lymphatic vessel involvement as an independent indicator of cancer invasiveness, surpassing the size-dependent tumor, node, metastasis staging system in pathologic stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Patients who would show survival benefits from adjuvant chemotherapy might be found by stratifying prognostic factors.
Mining Name Translations from Comparable Corpora by Creating Bilingual Information Networks

This paper describes a new task to extract and align information networks from comparable corpora. As a case study we demonstrate the effectiveness of this task on automatically mining name translation pairs. Starting from a small set of seeds, we design a novel approach to acquire name translation pairs in a bootstrapping framework. The experimental results show this approach can generate highly accurate name translation pairs for persons, geopolitical and organization entities.
Topography of the afferent connectivity of area 17 in the macaque monkey: A double‐labelling study

The various structures afferent to area 17 (or V1) of the macaque monkey have widely differing retinotopic organizations. It is likely that these difference are reflected in the topographic organization of the projection from these structures to area V1. We have investigated this issue by placing side‐by‐side injections of two retrograde fluorescent tracers, fast blue and diamidino yellow, in V1. By examining the extent of mixing of the two populations of singly labelled cells and the presence of doubly labelled cells, in different structures, we have characterized the topography of each projection in terms of the size of its axonal arborization and the amount of convergence and divergence.
On Power System Controlled Separation

This paper describes verification of five conjectures related to power system controlled separation. It attempts to verify that the location of uncontrolled separation (loss of synchronism or out-of-step operation) is independent of the location and severity (short-circuit duty or duration) of the initial faults, that the location depends on the prevailing network configuration and load level, and that it takes place one operation at a time (cascades). Verification of these conjectures would allow controlled separation during a disturbance in real-time, using the present communication and protection systems, and results in a minimal load and generation imbalance. Two actual power systems were used, a 50-bus system to establish the procedure for controlled separation and a 640-bus interconnection to apply the procedure. Data representing static and dynamic behavior of the two power systems were obtained from the operating utilities, and the many required simulations were conducted using EPRI Power System Analysis Package (including IPFLOW and ETMSP programs)
UniNE at CLEF 2006: Experiments with Monolingual, Bilingual, Domain-Specific and Robust Retrieval

For our participation in this CLEF evaluation campaign, the first objective was to propose and evaluate various indexing and search strategies for the Hungarian language in order to produce better retrieval effectiveness than language-independent approach (n-gram). Using both a new stemmer including some derivational suffixes removals, and a more aggressive automatic decompounding scheme, we were able to produce better retrieval effectiveness than corresponding 4-gram indexing scheme. Our second objective was to obtain a better picture of the relative merit of various search engines with the French, Brazilian/Portuguese and Bulgarian languages. To do so we evaluated these test-collections using the Okapi, Divergence from Randomness (DFR) and language model (LM) models together with nine vector-processing approaches. After pseudorelevance feedback, either the DFR or the LM approach tends to produce the best IR performance. For the Bulgarian language, we also found that word-based indexing proposes usually better retrieval effectiveness than corresponding 4-gram indexing. In the bilingual track, we evaluated the effectiveness of various machine translation systems to automatically translate a query submitted in English into the French and Portuguese languages. After blind query expansion, the MAP achieved by the best single MT system is around 95% of the corresponding monolingual search when French is the target language, or 83% with the Portuguese. Using the GIRT corpora (available in German and English), we investigated variations in retrieval effectiveness when facing with domain-specific collection composed of relatively short bibliographic notices. Finally, in the robust retrieval task we investigated different techniques in order to improve the retrieval performance of difficult topics. In this track, we found that both the mean average precision and the geometric mean are strongly correlated. Moreover, massive query expansion based on a search engine did not provide better retrieval effectiveness than Rocchio’s approach.
Hydrodynamic friction of arbitrarily shaped Brownian particles.

We present a simple and accurate method of estimating the translational hydrodynamic friction on rigid Brownian particles of arbitrary shape. The Brownian friction coefficient f takes the form f=6πηC Ω , where C Ω is mathematically equivalent to the electrostatistic capacitance of the particle Ω in units where the capacity of a sphere equals its radius. This formula is particularly useful for particles consisting of a few globular subunits, for which slender body approximations are not very accurate
TopicRNN: A Recurrent Neural Network with Long-Range Semantic Dependency

In this paper, we propose TopicRNN, a recurrent neural network (RNN)-based language model designed to directly capture the global semantic meaning relating words in a document via latent topics. Because of their sequential nature, RNNs are good at capturing the local structure of a word sequence – both semantic and syntactic – but might face difficulty remembering long-range dependencies. Intuitively, these long-range dependencies are of semantic nature. In contrast, latent topic models are able to capture the global underlying semantic structure of a document but do not account for word ordering. The proposed TopicRNN model integrates the merits of RNNs and latent topic models: it captures local (syntactic) dependencies using an RNN and global (semantic) dependencies using latent topics. Unlike previous work on contextual RNN language modeling, our model is learned end-to-end. Empirical results on word prediction show that TopicRNN outperforms existing contextual RNN baselines. In addition, TopicRNN can be used as an unsupervised feature extractor for documents. We do this for sentiment analysis and report a new state-of-the-art error rate on the IMDB movie review dataset that amounts to a 13.3% improvement over the previous best result. Finally TopicRNN also yields sensible topics, making it a useful alternative to document models such as latent Dirichlet allocation.
The diameters of frozen-hydrated chromatin fibers increase with DNA linker length: evidence in support of variable diameter models for chromatin

The diameters of chromatin fibers from Thyone briareus (sea cucumber) sperm (DNA linker length, n = 87 bp) and Necturus maculosus (mudpuppy) erythrocytes (n = 48 bp) were investigated. Soluble fibers were frozen into vitrified aqueous solutions of physiological ionic strength (124 mM), imaged by cryo-EM, and measured interactively using quantitative computer image-processing techniques. Frozen-hydrated Thyone and Necturus fibers had significantly different mean diameters of 43.5 nm (SD = 4.2 nm; SEM = 0.61 nm) and 32.0 nm (SD = 3.0 nm; SEM = 0.36 nm), respectively. Evaluation of previously published EM data shows that the diameters of chromatin from a large number of sources are proportional to linker length. In addition, the inherent variability in fiber diameter suggests a relationship between fiber structure and the heterogeneity of linker length. The cryo-EM data were in quantitative agreement with space-filling double-helical crossed-linker models of Thyone and Necturus chromatin. The data, however, do not support solenoid or twisted-ribbon models for chromatin that specify a constant 30 nm diameter. To reconcile the concept of solenoidal packing with the data, we propose a variable-diameter solid-solenoid model with a fiber diameter that increases with linker length. In principle, each of the variable diameter models for chromatin can be reconciled with local variations in linker length.
Signal bias removal for robust telephone based speech recognition in adverse environments

A speech signal transmitted through a telephone channel often encounters variable conditions which significantly deteriorate the performance of state-of-the-art HMM-based speech recognition systems. Undesirable components due to ambient noise and channel interference, as well as different sound pick-up equipments, render the recognizer unsuitable for real-world applications. This paper presents a signal bias removal method based on the maximum likelihood estimation for the minimization of these undesirable effects. The proposed method, integrated into a discrete density HMM, is applied to telephone speech recognition where the contamination due to ambient noise and channel distortion are assumed to be unknown. Experimental results are presented for speaker-independent connected digit recognition which demonstrate a reduction in the word error rate by up to 40%. <<ETX>>
Empirical calibration of the near-infrared Ca ii triplet — II. The stellar atmospheric parameters

We present a homogeneous set of stellar atmospheric parameters (T-eff, log g, [Fe/H]) for a sample of about 700 field and cluster stars which constitute a new stellar library in the near-IR developed for stellar population synthesis in this spectral region (lambda 8350-9020). Having compiled the available atmospheric data in the literature for field stars, we have found systematic deviations between the atmospheric parameters from different bibliographic references. The Soubiran, Katz & Cayrel sample of stars with very well determined fundamental parameters has been taken as our standard reference system, and other papers have been calibrated and bootstrapped against it. The obtained transformations are provided in this paper. Once most of the data sets were on the same system, final parameters were derived by performing error weighted means. Atmospheric parameters for cluster stars have also been revised and updated according to recent metallicity scales and colour-temperature relations.
Compensatory premotor activity during affective face processing in subclinical carriers of a single mutant Parkin allele

Patients with Parkinson's disease suffer from significant motor impairments and accompanying cognitive and affective dysfunction due to progressive disturbances of basal ganglia–cortical gating loops. Parkinson's disease has a long presymptomatic stage, which indicates a substantial capacity of the human brain to compensate for dopaminergic nerve degeneration before clinical manifestation of the disease. Neuroimaging studies provide evidence that increased motor-related cortical activity can compensate for progressive dopaminergic nerve degeneration in carriers of a single mutant Parkin or PINK1 gene, who show a mild but significant reduction of dopamine metabolism in the basal ganglia in the complete absence of clinical motor signs. However, it is currently unknown whether similar compensatory mechanisms are effective in non-motor basal ganglia–cortical gating loops. Here, we ask whether asymptomatic Parkin mutation carriers show altered patterns of brain activity during processing of facial gestures, and whether this might compensate for latent facial emotion recognition deficits. Current theories in social neuroscience assume that execution and perception of facial gestures are linked by a special class of visuomotor neurons (‘mirror neurons’) in the ventrolateral premotor cortex/pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann area 44/6). We hypothesized that asymptomatic Parkin mutation carriers would show increased activity in this area during processing of affective facial gestures, replicating the compensatory motor effects that have previously been observed in these individuals. Additionally, Parkin mutation carriers might show altered activity in other basal ganglia–cortical gating loops. Eight asymptomatic heterozygous Parkin mutation carriers and eight matched controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging and a subsequent facial emotion recognition task. As predicted, Parkin mutation carriers showed significantly stronger activity in the right ventrolateral premotor cortex during execution and perception of affective facial gestures than healthy controls. Furthermore, Parkin mutation carriers showed a slightly reduced ability to recognize facial emotions that was least severe in individuals who showed the strongest increase of ventrolateral premotor activity. In addition, Parkin mutation carriers showed a significantly weaker than normal increase of activity in the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex (inferior frontal gyrus pars orbitalis, Brodmann area 47), which was unrelated to facial emotion recognition ability. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that compensatory activity in the ventrolateral premotor cortex during processing of affective facial gestures can reduce impairments in facial emotion recognition in subclinical Parkin mutation carriers. A breakdown of this compensatory mechanism might lead to the impairment of facial expressivity and facial emotion recognition observed in manifest Parkinson's disease.
Dose‐Related Effects of Adenosine and Bradykinin on Microvascular Permselectivity to Macromolecules in the Hamster Cheek Pouch

The hamster cheek pouch preparation was used to assess microvascular permselectivity responses to three vasodilating agents: bradykinin, adenosine, and papaverine. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 150 was injected intravenously as a macromolecular tracer. To quantify changes in permeability, we calculated fluorochrome clearance values from the ratio of suffusate to plasma fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 150 concentration. The microcirculation was recorded on videotape, using epifluorescence and bright-field light microscopy. Topical application of bradykinin elicited dose-dependent increases in macromolecular permeability. Adenosine also augmented permeability in a dose-dependent fashion. The increases in tracer clearance, relative to control, were 9.4 nl/min for 10−5 M adenosine and 39.4 nl/min for 10−4 M adenosine. The standard error for these doses was 1.5 nl/min. Adenosine, 10−6 M, did not alter permeability. The increment in clearance induced by 10−4 M was comparable to that of bradykinin, 8 × 10−7 M. Pretreatment with phenidone had no effect on the permeability response mediated by 10−5 M adenosine. Topical application of papaverine enhanced the transvascular exchange of macromolecules in one-half of the preparations examined. Comparable doses of adenosine were approximately three times as effective. This study indicated that adenosine, like bradykinin, is capable of modifying microvascular permeability responses in the hamster cheek pouch. This modulatory effect appears to be due to a direct action on the postcapillary microvascular membrane.
A study of two-dimensional flow past an oscillating cylinder

In this paper we describe a detailed study of the wake structures and flow dynamics associated with simulated two-dimensional flows past a circular cylinder that is either stationary or in simple harmonic cross-flow oscillation. Results are examined for Re = 500 and a fixed motion amplitude of ymax/D = 0.25. The study concentrates on a domain of oscillation frequencies near the natural shedding frequency of the fixed cylinder. In addition to the change in phase of vortex shedding with respect to cylinder motion observed in previous experimental studies, we note a central band of frequencies for which the wake exhibits long-time-scale relaxation oscillator behaviour. Time-periodic states with asymmetric wake structures and non-zero mean lift were also observed for oscillation frequencies near the lower edge of the relaxation oscillator band. In this regime we compute a number of bifurcations between different wake configurations and show that the flow state is not a unique function of the oscillation frequency. Results are interpreted using an analysis of vorticity generation and transport in the base region of the cylinder. We suggest that the dynamics of the change in phase of shedding arise from a competition between two different mechanisms of vorticity production.
A Retrospective Study of Pulmonary Actinomycosis in a Single Institution in China

Background:Actinomycosis is a rare indolent infectious disease caused by Actinomyces. Although pulmonary actinomycosis is thought to be more prevalent in developing countries, data from developing countries are scanty. This study was to reveal the current situation of pulmonary actinomycosis in developing countries and the difference from that in developed countries. Methods:Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria for pulmonary actinomycosis from Peking Union Medical College Hospital in China between January 2003 and December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Baseline characteristics, clinical symptoms, underlying diseases, diagnostic methods, pulmonary function test results, chest computed tomography (CT) tests, fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) tests, initial diagnosis, treatment and prognosis were retrieved from medical records and analyzed. Results:Twenty-six patients were included in this study (mean age 52.0 + 13.1 years). The ratio of male to female was 1.17:1. Most common clinical symptoms were cough (15/26), sputum (12/26) and hemoptysis (12/26). Chest CT findings presented as masses (13/26), nodules (10/26) and infiltrates (3/26). FDG-PET had an increased standardized uptake value and 4/6 patients were misdiagnosed as malignancy. Many kinds of antibiotics were used in the treatment of pulmonary actonomycosis and all got favorable results. Five patients receiving complete resection of the lesion were cured without postoperative use of antibiotic. Conclusions:Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare disease even in developing countries, and both misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis are common. FDG-PET seems useless in the differential diagnosis, and complete resection of the pulmonary lesion without postoperative antibiotic therapy might be enough to achieve cure.
Simultaneous measurement of steroids in follicular fluid and ovarian venous blood in the rabbit.

Steroid concentrations in ovarian venous blood and follicular fluid in the rabbit increase significantly following mating or i.v. injection of LH. To study the dynamic changes occurring in these compartments and to determine whether more steroids are secreted directly into ovarian venous blood or into follicular fluid following gonadotrophin stimulation, ovarian venous blood and follicular fluid were measured simultaneously in rabbits before and at 5, 10, 30 mm and 1, 2, 3#{189}, 5, and 9 h after an i.v. injection of an ovulatory dose of LU (NIH-S18, 50 pg/rabbit). Ovarian venous output of progesterone (P4), testosterone (T), and estrogen (E) was significantly elevated (P<O.05) by 5 mm after LH. E and T remained el(cid:1),vated for 2 h, after which time they started to decrease, returning to basal levels at 5 h. At 9 h, output of E and T was significantly (P<0.05) less than basal levels. In contrast, P4 remained elevated for 5 h followed by a significant decrease (P<0.05) at 9 h. However, these levels were 500% greater than basal levels. The average overall increases in ovarian output for P4 and T were approximately 1000% whereas that of E was 2 50%. The changes in steroid concentrations in follicular fluid were less dramatic. Significant increases (P<0.05) were observed 10 mm after LH injection for P4, T, and E. These concentrations were maintained 2 and 3#{189}h for T and E and 5 h for P4. After 3#{189}h (T and E) or 5 h (P4) steroid concentrations decreased to basal levels (P4 and E) or levels significantly less than basal levels (T). For all 3 steroids, an approximate 200% elevation in the steroid concentration of follicular fluid was observed. These results suggest that the majority of the newly synthesized steroids is secreted directly into the ovarian vein while small amounts are secreted into the follicular fluid. Furthermore, the fact that the follicular fluid steroid concentrations show minor increases following gonadotrophmn stimulation may suggest that they contribute minimally to the significant increase in steroid output by the rabbit ovary.