Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Persistence of Prosocial Work Effort as a Function of Mission Match

E-mail: wresh@usc.edu Abstract : The authors use an online experiment to test the proposal that “mission match” leads to persistent prosocial work effort, whereby employees go above and beyond remunerated job responsibilities to deliver a public good. First, the importance of mission match to persistent prosocial work effort in public and nonprofit organizations is discussed. Then a real-effort experiment is used to test whether mission match is associated with the persistence of individual work effort under conditions of unreasonable performance expectations. Findings show that subjects’ narrow identification with the mission of the particular organization on whose behalf they are working is a more important determinant of persistence than the extent to which one reports self-sacrifice as a motivation toward service. Moreover, reported self-sacrifice does not appear to reinforce the relationship between mission match and persistent prosocial work behavior .
Psycho-Social Working Conditions and Stress in UK Social Workers

It is well documented that exposure to chronic negative working conditions leads to stress. This subsequently impacts sickness absence and attrition, making it a key consideration for policymakers and academics alike. This study therefore seeks to investigate the influence of psychosocial working conditions on stress and related outcomes: sickness presenteeism, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions in UK social workers (SWs). A cross-sectional survey was used, in addition to a single open-ended question designed to further investigate the sources of stress, to collect data from 1,333 registered SWs. Results demonstrate high levels of turnover intentions, presenteeism, and low job satisfaction. Regression analyses found that the interaction between high demands, low levels of control, and poor managerial support was related to SW stress and related outcomes. Qualitative content analysis of the open-ended question corroborated and extended these findings, also demonstrating that poor ergonomic set up of the work environment and a blame culture was adding to the experience of stress. Policy makers need to consider improvements in these working conditions or face losing a large proportion of the SW workforce. Future research needs to be both longitudinal and interventional to focus on these needed improvements.
Testing Closeness of Discrete Distributions Citation

Given samples from two distributions over an n-element set, we wish to test whether these distributions are statistically close. We present an algorithm which uses sublinear in n, specifically, O(nǫ logn), independent samples from each distribution, runs in time linear in the sample size, makes no assumptions about the structure of the distributions, and distinguishes the cases when the distance between the distributions is small (less than max{ǫ4/3n−1/3/32, ǫn−1/2/4}) or large (more than ǫ) in l1 distance. This result can be compared to the lower bound of Ω(nǫ) for this problem given by Valiant [54]. Our algorithm has applications to the problem of testing whether a given Markov process is rapidly mixing. We present sublinear algorithms for several variants of this problem as well. A preliminary version of this paper [9] appeared in the 41st Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, 2000, Redondo Beach, CA. Department of Mathematics, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK. Email: t.batu@lse.ac. uk. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. Email: fortnow@eecs.northwestern. edu. Research done while at NEC Research Institute. CSAIL, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA and the Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University. Email: ronitt@csail.mit. edu. Research done while at NEC Research Institute. Center for Range Voting, 21 Shore Oaks Drive, Stony Brook, NY, USA. Email: warren.wds@gmail.com. Research done while at NEC Research Institute. Research done while at NEC Research Institute. In the 2000 version of this paper, Smith objected to several things, including (a) the choice of what theorems to include, and (b) the choice of what proofs to present for those theorems. In particular, re the present 2010 paper’s upper and lower bound theorems 9 and 20, Smith believed he’d proven an improved result in which the two bounds met. Smith also believed the lower bound proofs presented in the 2000 paper contained lacunae and had wanted those proofs replaced with alternative proofs of his own devising. Those moves were rejected by 4-1 vote. Although Smith created, in whole or part, some of the theorems or lemmas here, he bears zero responsibility for the 2010 paper since he had zero influence, affecting not even a single word, of it – except for this footnote!
Changes, changes? Women's experience of sexuality in later life

ABSTRACT Research employing representative samples has provided data about the sexual expression of older adults in the past decade. The results indicate that sexual activity declines with age. Most of the data are quantitative. The purpose of this research was to study the lived experience of women aged 55–80. We ask: how does women's sexuality change in later life, and how do women experience these changes? We conducted face-to-face interviews with 24 women aged 55–80; all self-identified as heterosexual. Most of the women recounted declining sexual desire in the recent past; some attributed it to feeling less attractive or “frumpy”, others to physical changes that made sexual activity uncomfortable, and others to partners’ health problems. Paradoxically, only a minority reported declining frequency of sexual activity, while others reported stable frequencies, citing the importance of sex to the relationship. A minority described increased frequency, in some cases associated with entering a new relationship. Most women reported reacting to the changes by exercising agency; they described a diverse set of behavioral changes designed to maintain or enhance sexual expression. Our results provide insights into older women's experiences of change in sexuality, and their use of agency to cope with these changes.
“It Made Me Want to be that Spark”: A Case Study of the Experiences of College Student Group Exercise Instructors

While recent research has focused on leadership and development in collegiate club and intramural sports participants, many of the findings and suggestions may be deemed applicable to student roles within college fitness and group exercise programs. The purpose of this exploratory case study was to learn about the leadership experiences, motivations, benefits, and perceived limitations to group fitness instruction for students at a small, private, Mid-Atlantic university, and to discover potential influences of these experiences on the overall collegiate experience. The researcher was interested in insights of both current and recently graduated students who serve as group fitness instructors at their college. The researcher interviewed eight participants from one institution selected through convenience sampling. While this study used a small sample from one institution, interviewee responses were consistent, relevant, and may be expanded upon in future research. Participants reported that they improved leadership skills, public speaking, conflict resolution, and developed a campus identity as a result of teaching group exercise. The majority of the participants had not considered the benefits of their experiences in terms of professional development, and relationship building before their participation in the study. These findings demonstrate that campus recreation departments need to provide evidence to students and university administration that their programs not only provide enjoyment and health benefits for participants, but also a litany of “soft skills” and professional experiences that employers will look for after graduation.
An evaluation of classification models for question topic categorization

We study the problem of question topic classification using a very large real-world Community Question Answering (CQA) dataset from Yahoo! Answers. The dataset comprises 3.9 million questions and these questions are organized into more than 1,000 categories in a hierarchy. To the best knowledge, this is the first systematic evaluation of the performance of different classification methods on question topic classification as well as short texts. Specifically, we empirically evaluate the following in classifying questions into CQA categories: (a) the usefulness of n-gram features and bag-of-word features; (b) the performance of three standard classification algorithms (naive Bayes, maximum entropy, and support vector machines); (c) the performance of the state-of-the-art hierarchical classification algorithms; (d) the effect of training data size on performance; and (e) the effectiveness of the different components of CQA data, including subject, content, asker, and the best answer. The experimental results show what aspects are important for question topic classification in terms of both effectiveness and efficiency. We believe that the experimental findings from this study will be useful in real-world classification problems. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Particulate Matter–Induced Health Effects: Who Is Susceptible?

Background Epidemiological, controlled human exposure, and toxicological studies have demonstrated a variety of health effects in response to particulate matter (PM) exposure with some of these studies indicating that populations with certain characteristics may be disproportionately affected. Objective To identify populations potentially at greatest risk for PM-related health effects, we evaluated epidemiological studies that examined various characteristics that may influence susceptibility, while using results from controlled human exposure and toxicological studies as supporting evidence. Additionally, we formulated a definition of susceptibility, building from the varied and inconsistent definitions of susceptibility and vulnerability used throughout the literature. Data synthesis We evaluated recent epidemiological studies to identify characteristics of populations potentially susceptible to PM-related health effects. Additionally, we evaluated controlled human exposure and toxicological studies to provide supporting evidence. We conducted a comprehensive review of epidemiological studies that presented stratified results (e.g., < 65 vs. ≥ 65 years of age), controlled human exposure studies that examined individuals with underlying disease, and toxicological studies that used animal models of disease. We evaluated results for consistency across studies, coherence across disciplines, and biological plausibility to assess the potential for increased susceptibility to PM-related health effects in a specific population or life stage. Conclusions We identified a diverse group of characteristics that can lead to increased risk of PM-related health effects, including life stage (i.e., children and older adults), preexisting cardiovascular or respiratory diseases, genetic polymorphisms, and low-socioeconomic status. In addition, we crafted a comprehensive definition of susceptibility that can be used to encompass all populations potentially at increased risk of adverse health effects as a consequence of exposure to an air pollutant.
Harnessing Motion Blur to Unveil Splicing

The extensive availability of sophisticated image editing tools has rendered it relatively easy to produce fake images. Image splicing is a form of tampering in which an original image is altered by copying a portion from a different source. Because the phenomenon of motion blur is a common occurrence in hand-held cameras, we propose a passive method to automatically detect image splicing using blur as a cue. Specifically, we address the scenario of a static scene in which the cause of blur is due to hand shake. Existing methods for dealing with this problem work only in the presence of uniform space-invariant blur. In contrast, our method can expose the presence of splicing by evaluating inconsistencies in motion blur even under space-variant blurring situations. We validate our method on several examples for different scene situations and camera motions of interest.
A Novel Reader Architecture Based on UWB Chirp Signal Interrogation for Multiresonator-Based Chipless RFID Tag Reading

A very low-cost RFID reader architecture comprised of a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), a mixer, and a low-pass filter (LPF) for reading an ultra-wideband chipless RFID tag is proposed. The VCO generates a linear chirp (swept) frequency interrogation signal. The reader, which is a coherent frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar, interrogates a tag and decodes the tag's identification data in both amplitude and phase information. A signal-processing technique based on Hilbert transform (HT) is used and accurate detection of a 9-b tag is achieved. The new reader needs only one VCO and does not need any calibration tag to decode data as needed for its predecessors.
Dynamic Playlist Generation Based on Skipping Behavior

Common approaches to creating playlists are to randomly shuffle a collection (e.g. iPod shuffle) or manually select songs. In this paper we present and evaluate heuristics to adapt playlists automatically given a song to start with (seed song) and immediate user feedback. Instead of rich metadata we use audio-based similarity. The user gives feedback by pressing a skip button if the user dislikes the current song. Songs similar to skipped songs are removed, while songs similar to accepted ones are added to the playlist. We evaluate the heuristics with hypothetical use cases. For each use case we assume a specific user behavior (e.g. the user always skips songs by a particular artist). Our results show that using audio similarity and simple heuristics it is possible to drastically reduce the number of necessary skips.
Penalty OBS scheme for feedforward neural network

This paper presented a new scheme called penalty OBS (optimal brain surgeon) for the feedforward neural network learning. The penalty OBS scheme takes OBS pruning case as a penalty item of the network cost function, and develops two applied methods based on the common algorithms of network learning. As a novel revision of OBS, the new scheme not only saves the runtime to calculate Hessian matrix after training, but also improves the generalization a lot and keeps over-linear rapidity of convergence. The simulating results verified the advantages
Near‐Earth injection of MeV electrons associated with intense dipolarization electric fields: Van Allen Probes observations

Substorms generally inject tens to hundreds of keV electrons, but intense substorm electric fields have been shown to inject MeV electrons as well. An intriguing question is whether such MeVelectron injections can populate the outer radiation belt. Here we present observations of a substorm injection of MeV electrons into the inner magnetosphere. In the premidnight sector at L ∼ 5.5, Van Allen Probes (Radiation Belt Storm Probes)‐A observed a large dipolarization electric field (50 mV/m) over ∼40 s and a dispersionless injection of electrons up to ∼3 MeV. Pitch angle observations indicated betatron acceleration of MeV electrons at the dipolarization front. Corresponding signals of MeV electron injection were observed at LANL‐GEO, THEMIS‐D, and GOES at geosynchronous altitude. Through a series of dipolarizations, the injections increased the MeV electron phase space density by 1 order of magnitude in less than 3 h in the outer radiation belt (L > 4.8). Our observations provide evidence that deep injections can supply significant MeV electrons.
Biphasic Aire expression in early embryos and in medullary thymic epithelial cells before end-stage terminal differentiation

The roles of autoimmune regulator (Aire)–expressing medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) in the organization of the thymic microenvironment for establishing self-tolerance are enigmatic. We sought to monitor the production and maintenance of Aire-expressing mTECs by a fate-mapping strategy in which bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic (Tg) mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the Aire regulatory element were crossed with a GFP reporter strain. We found that, in addition to its well recognized expression within mature mTECs, Aire was expressed in the early embryo before emergence of the three germ cell layers. This observation may help to explain the development of ectodermal dystrophy often seen in patients with AIRE deficiency. With the use of one Tg line in which Cre recombinase expression was confined to mTECs, we found that Aire+CD80high mTECs further progressed to an Aire−CD80intermediate stage, suggesting that Aire expression is not constitutive from after its induction until cell death but instead is down-regulated at the beginning of terminal differentiation. We also demonstrated that many mTECs of Aire-expressing lineage are in close contact with thymic dendritic cells. This close proximity may contribute to transfer of tissue-restricted self-antigens expressed by mTECs to professional antigen-presenting cells.
High Expression of KIF20A Is Associated with Poor Overall Survival and Tumor Progression in Early-Stage Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background The kinesin family member 20a (KIF20A) protein has been implicated in the development and progression of many human cancers; however, its precise function and role in cervical cancer remain largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression profile and prognostic value of KIF20A in patients with early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Methods We examined the mRNA and protein levels of KIF20A in eight cervical cancer cell lines and eight paired cervical cancer samples, compared with normal cervical epithelial cells and adjacent normal cervical tissues, respectively. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of KIF20A in paraffin-embedded specimens from 169 early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma patients. Statistical analyses were applied to analyze the association between KIF20A expression and clinical variables, as well with patient survival. Results The mRNA and protein expression levels of KIF20A were significantly elevated in cervical cancer cell lines and lesions compared with normal cells and corresponding normal tissues (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry analysis in 169 cervical cancer cases revealed that increased KIF20A expression was strongly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (P = 0.008), clinical stage (P = 0.001), tumor recurrence (P = 0.016), vital status (P < 0.001), the property of the surgical margin (P = 0.032), the lymphovascular space involvement (P = 0.014), and pelvic lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001). The overall survival and disease-free survival of patients with high levels of KIF20A expression were significantly poorer than those with low KIF20A expression. KIF20A was an independent survival prognostic factor, as evidenced by univariate and multivariate analysis. Conclusions Our results illustrate that elevated KIF20A expression correlates with HPV infection, clinical stage, tumor recurrence, lymphovascular space involvement, pelvic lymph node metastasis, and poor outcome in early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma patients. KIF20A aberrant expression is a novel independent unfavorable prognostic factor and may present a potential therapeutic target for cervical cancer.
BLAT--the BLAST-like alignment tool.

Analyzing vertebrate genomes requires rapid mRNA/DNA and cross-species protein alignments. A new tool, BLAT, is more accurate and 500 times faster than popular existing tools for mRNA/DNA alignments and 50 times faster for protein alignments at sensitivity settings typically used when comparing vertebrate sequences. BLAT's speed stems from an index of all nonoverlapping K-mers in the genome. This index fits inside the RAM of inexpensive computers, and need only be computed once for each genome assembly. BLAT has several major stages. It uses the index to find regions in the genome likely to be homologous to the query sequence. It performs an alignment between homologous regions. It stitches together these aligned regions (often exons) into larger alignments (typically genes). Finally, BLAT revisits small internal exons possibly missed at the first stage and adjusts large gap boundaries that have canonical splice sites where feasible. This paper describes how BLAT was optimized. Effects on speed and sensitivity are explored for various K-mer sizes, mismatch schemes, and number of required index matches. BLAT is compared with other alignment programs on various test sets and then used in several genome-wide applications. http://genome.ucsc. edu hosts a web-based BLAT server for the human genome.
An analysis of career maturity among Korean youths using latent growth modeling

This study examined the developmental trajectories of career maturity among Korean youths between late adolescence and mid-20s, and explored how career-counseling experiences, academic achievement, household income, parental involvement, and gender affected their career maturity. We used the 2,362 Youth Panel data collected between 2008–2014 by the Korea Employment Information Service. Career maturity increased linearly over time and decreased gradually after the fourth wave. Multivariate latent growth modeling revealed that a higher intercept of household income, academic achievement, and parental involvement were associated with a higher intercept of career maturity, whereas the effect of these variables on career maturity decreased over time. A higher intercept of career-counseling experiences was related to a higher intercept of career maturity. As the frequency of career-counseling experiences increased rapidly over time, so did career maturity. Career-counseling experiences and household income indirectly affected career maturity through the mediation of academic achievement. The female students’ level of career maturity was higher than that of the male students. However, this tendency decreased over time. This study’s results of the impact of career counseling on career maturity implies that schools should expand their career education and counseling programs.
The Luminosity and Angular Distributions of Long-Duration Gamma-Ray Bursts

The realization that the total energy of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is correlated with their jet break angles motivates the search for a similar relation between the peak luminosity L and the jet break angles, L ∝ θ-2. Such a relation implies that the GRB luminosity function determines the angular distribution. We rederive the GRB luminosity function using the BATSE peak flux distribution and compare the predicted distribution with the observed redshift distribution. The luminosity function can be approximated by a broken power law with a break peak luminosity of 4.4 × 1051 ergs s-1, a typical jet angle of 0.12 rad, and a local GRB rate of 0.44 h Gpc-3 yr-1. The angular distribution implied by L ∝ θ-2 agrees well with the observed one and implies a correction factor to the local rate due to beaming of 75 ± 25 (instead of 500, as commonly used). The inferred overall local GRB rate is 33 ± 11 h Gpc-3 yr-1. The luminosity function and angle distribution obtained within the universal structured jet model, where the angular distribution is essentially ∝θ and hence the luminosity function must be ∝L-2, deviate from the observations at low peak fluxes and, correspondingly, at large angles. The corresponding correction factor for the universal structure jet is ~20 ± 10.