Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
`We Have all theBases Covered'

Three professions that figure prominently in sport medicine in Canada are athletic therapy, physiotherapy and chiropractic. These professions are characterized by blurred occupational boundaries, arising from overlap in the content of practice and differences within the professions in the skills of individual practitioners. Accordingly, they face challenges in establishing jurisdiction over professional practice. This article examines the claims made by practitioners in these professions about the contributions of their own profession and how it is different from the others. The analysis draws upon interviews with 33 practitioners. Findings indicate that physiotherapy is positioned as the profession against which athletic therapists and chiropractors each locate themselves. Athletic therapists argue they are the sport specialists; this is challenged by the development of sport specializations in physiotherapy and chiropractic. Chiropractors assert specialized knowledge that enables them to contribute to athletes' performance. The increasing rationalization of sport provides a context in which chiropractors' assertions to contribute to performance offers a particularly meaningful basis for claiming a position in sport medicine.
A case for hardened multiplexers in FPGAs

This paper presents a case for a hybrid configurable logic block that contains a mixture of LUTs and hardened multiplexers towards the goal of higher logic density and area reduction. Technology mapping optimizations, called MuxMap, that target the proposed architecture are implemented using a modified version of the mapper in the ABC logic synthesis tool. VPR is used to model the new hybrid configurable logic block and verify post place and route implementation. Multiple hybrid configurable logic block architectures with varying MUX:LUT ratios are evaluated across three benchmark suites with both Quartus II and Odin-II front-end RTL synthesis tools. Experimentally, we show that without any mapper optimizations we naturally save ~4% area post place and route and with MuxMap optimizations in ABC yielding ~6% area reduction post place and route while maintaining mapping depth, overall configurable logic block count, and routing demand.
Temporally Coherent CRP: A Bayesian Non-Parametric Approach for Clustering Tracklets with applications to Person Discovery in Videos

Tracklet Clustering is central to several Computer vision tasks [17][20]. A video can be represented as a sequence of tracklets, each spanning over 10-20 successive video frames, and each tracklet is associated with one entity (eg. person in case of TV-serial videos). Tracklets are instances of data-types exhibiting rich spatio-temporal structure. Existing approaches model tracklets by deploying detailed parametric models with a large number of parameters, making the inference unwieldy. The task of Person Discovery in long TV-series videos (40-45 minutes) with many persons can be naturally posed as tracklet clustering, and existing approaches give unsatisfactory performance on it. In this paper we attempt to leverage Temporal Coherence(TC) of videos to improve tracklet clustering. TC is the fundamental property of videos that each tracklet is likely to be associated with the same entity as its predecessor or successor. We propose the first Bayesian nonparametric approach for modelling TC, which can automatically infer the number of clusters to be formed. The major contribution of this paper is Temporally Coherent Chinese Restaurant Process (TC-CRP), which extends CRP by using TC. On the task of discovering persons in TV serials via tracklet clustering, without meta-data such as scripts, TC-CRP shows up to 25% improvement in cluster purity compared to state-ofthe-art parametric models, and upto 36% improvement in number of persons discovered. We use a simple representation of tracklets: a vector of very generic features (like pixel intensity) which can correspond to any type of entity (not necessarily person), and empirically demonstrate the utility of TC-CRP for discovering entities like cars and planes. Moreover, unlike existing approaches TC-CRP can perform online tracklet clustering on streaming videos with very little performance deterioration, and can also automatically reject outliers (tracklets resulting from false detections).
Ischemic Preconditioning Prevents Postischemic Arteriolar, Capillary, and Postcapillary Venular Dysfunction: Signaling Pathways Mediating the Adaptive Metamorphosis to a Protected Phenotype in Preconditioned Endothelium

Prolonged ischemia followed by reperfusion (I/R) results in impaired endothelial cell function in all segments of the microvasculature. Moreover, endothelial dysfunction plays a major role in the genesis of the reperfusion component of total tissue injury in I/R. Thus, preservation of endothelial function is an important therapeutic goal for ameliorating injury in tissues subjected to I/R. An accumulating body of evidence indicates that both microvascular endothelium and parenchymal cells can be rendered resistant to the pathological effects of I/R by antecedent exposure to brief periods of ischemia, a phenomenon referred to as ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Although the mechanisms underlying the microvascular effects of preconditioning have been far less extensively studied, work conducted to date indicates that there are fundamental differences in the signaling pathways that underlie the adaptive transformation to a protected or defensive phenotype in the endothelium compared to those that contribute to the development of a preconditioned state in parenchymal cells. Thus, the purposes of this review are to summarize our current understanding of the mechanisms whereby IPC induces the adaptive transformation to a protected or defensive phenotype in parenchymal cells and to compare and contrast this with the signaling pathways that invoke a preconditioned state in arteriolar, capillary, and venular endothelium. In addition, we highlight understudied areas with regard to microvascular protection afforded by antecedent ischemia in the hopes that this will stimulate investigation of the underlying mechanisms. Understanding these signaling pathways may provide a mechanistic rationale for the development of novel treatment interventions that target both the microcirculatory and parenchymal sequelae to I/R, thereby maximizing the therapeutic potential of the protected phenotypes produced by pharmacological preconditioning.
Work factors and health: The predictive role of pre-employment experiences

This follow-up study focused on the effects of childhood home conditions, individual factors in youth, and health resources on the relationship between self-reported job factors and subjective strain symptoms. Childhood data had been collected in another study in the early 1960s from a representative sample of 1084 Finnish children. Seventy-seven per cent of the subjects responded to a questionnaire in 1985. The effects of the individual factors on the relationship between job factors and subjective symptoms were analysed by comparing the results of multiple regression analyses and more comprehensive linear structural analyses (LISREL). Individual factors played a substantial role in the perception of the subjects and thus in the self-reports of work conditions and health. In the LISREL models, job demands explained psychological and somatic symptoms, and lack of influence at work explained low competence. Task control and assistance from others at work had a direct effect on the prevalence of the symptoms only for the less educated workers. Health status in youth was not a good predictor of perceived health later at work. The factors affecting the development of psychic health resources were more crucial. Weak intellectual capacity, poor self-esteem and deficient social conditions in childhood set constraints on the development of resources. As a result, the probability of entering and remaining in inadequate working conditions increases, and health disturbances in adulthood are more prevalent.
A Comparison of Pedagogical Reasoning Skills in Novice and Experienced Esl Teachers

The nature of expertise in language teaching is central to our understanding of effective teaching and the nature of teacher education. How do experienced teachers differ from novices? What is it that experiences teachers know and which novice teachers do not? Is experience the primary source of expertise in teaching? What is the role of subject matter knowledge? And how can novice teachers acquire the skills of experienced teachers? These are questions of considerable practical importance, since in language teaching programs around the world, administrators face daily choices with regards to the kinds of
Transnational Student Voices

The intensity of provision of transnational education (TNE) in the Asian region by Australian universities has been increasing over the past three decades. Although much is claimed, little is actually known about the outcomes and opinions of students enrolled in TNE programs. This article investigates student experiences through the longitudinal extension of an ethnographic study of one TNE program in Singapore. Student motivations, career paths, and adaptations are considered in the context of “second chance” and lifelong learning in Singapore. Analysis reveals something of a good news story in the face of much negativity about transnational education at the current time. The study reveals that TNE students are achieving high-level positional outcomes and developing transformative learning habits. Recommendations are made for the use of global comparative studies in TNE programs to facilitate mutual learning through respect for local knowledge.
New Frontiers: Regulating Learning in CSCL

Despite intensive research in computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) over the last decade, there is relatively little research about how groups and individuals in groups engage, sustain, support, and productively regulate collaborative processes. This article examines the role of regulatory processes in collaborative learning and how CSCL environments can be used for shared regulation of learning. First, we establish the importance of regulation processes and introduce three types of regulation contributing to successful collaboration: self-, co-, and socially shared regulation of learning. Second, we illuminate two strands of seemingly diverse research that lay an important foundation for supporting and researching regulation in CSCL contexts establishing that (a) computer-based pedagogical tools used to successfully support regulation in individual learning contexts can be leveraged for collaborative task contexts, and (b) computer-based tools for supporting collaborative knowledge construction can be leveraged for supporting regulatory processes. Finally, we draw on emerging research in our own programs of research to demonstrate how regulation can be supported and researched in CSCL environments. The article concludes by charting a course for future CSCL research focused on supporting regulated learning in collaborative task contexts.
An Improved Selective Culture Medium Enhances the Isolation of Burkholderia pseudomallei from Contaminated Specimens

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative environmental bacterium found in tropical climates that causes melioidosis. Culture remains the diagnostic gold standard, but isolation of B. pseudomallei from heavily contaminated sites, such as fecal specimens, can be difficult. We recently reported that B. pseudomallei is capable of infecting the gastrointestinal tract of mice and suggested that the same may be true in humans. Thus, there is a strong need for new culture techniques to allow for efficient detection of B. pseudomallei in fecal and other specimens. We found that the addition of norfloxacin, ampicillin, and polymyxin B to Ashdown's medium (NAP-A) resulted in increased specificity without affecting the growth of 25 B. pseudomallei strains. Furthermore, recovery of B. pseudomallei from human clinical specimens was not affected by the three additional antibiotics. Therefore, we conclude that NAP-A medium provides a new tool for more sensitive isolation of B. pseudomallei from heavily contaminated sites.
Studies on Escherichia coli RNase P RNA with Zn2+ as the catalytic cofactor

We demonstrate, for the first time, catalysis by Escherichia coli ribonuclease P (RNase P) RNA with Zn2+ as the sole divalent metal ion cofactor in the presence of ammonium, but not sodium or potassium salts. Hill analysis suggests a role for two or more Zn2+ ions in catalysis. Whereas Zn2+ destabilizes substrate ground state binding to an extent that precludes reliable Kd determination, Co(NH3)63+ and Sr2+ in particular, both unable to support catalysis by themselves, promote high-substrate affinity. Zn2+ and Co(NH3)63+ substantially reduce the fraction of precursor tRNA molecules capable of binding to RNase P RNA. Stimulating and inhibitory effects of Sr2+ on the ribozyme reaction with Zn2+ as cofactor could be rationalized by a model involving two Sr2+ ions (or two classes of Sr2+ ions). Both ions improve substrate affinity in a cooperative manner, but one of the two inhibits substrate conversion in a non-competitive mode with respect to the substrate and the Zn2+. A single 2′-fluoro modification at nt −1 of the substrate substantially weakened the inhibitory effect of Sr2+. Our results demonstrate that the studies on RNase P RNA with metal cofactors other than Mg2+ entail complex effects on structural equilibria of ribozyme and substrate RNAs as well as E·S formation apart from the catalytic performance.
The reflection effect in time‐related decisions

Despite the intuitive appeal of conceptualizing time as a resource, like money, to which prospect theory should apply, the application of prospect theory to time-related decisions has met with mixed results. Existing literature has failed repeatedly to find evidence of loss aversion and the characteristic reflection effect in the realm of time, leading researchers to conclude that consumers have an overriding preference for certainty with respect to time, unlike other resources. This article presents evidence to the contrary. Drawing on literature from organizational behavior, the authors posit that consumers' schedules provide the reference points necessary to produce the reflection effect in time-related decisions. Two experimental studies support this expectation. Potential rationales and limiting conditions are explored. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploring Increased Productivity Through Employee Engagement

Exploring Increased Productivity Through Employee Engagement by Wayne K. Richards Jr. EMBA, Troy University 2007 BS, University of Maryland University College, 2005 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration Walden University November 2013 Abstract Disengaged employees cost U.S. companies billions of dollars annually in lowered productivity, a cost which has been compounded by the difficult economic situations in the country. The potential for increasing productivity through increased employee engagement was examined in this study. Using personal engagement theory and the theory of planned behavior, the purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore how the experiences of salaried aerospace employees affected productivity and the financial performance of an organization. Interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 20 aerospace employees whose responses were codified and analyzed to identify themes. The analysis indicated that (a) the lived experiences of employees influenced employee engagement, (b) employee engagement affects organizational commitment and performance, and (c) trust and respect and leadership are essential components to keep employees engaged. Eighty percent of the participants indicated that as employee engagement increases so too does organizational performance. The implications for positive social change include new insights for leaders seeking to increase productivity and financial performance, and to support employee engagementDisengaged employees cost U.S. companies billions of dollars annually in lowered productivity, a cost which has been compounded by the difficult economic situations in the country. The potential for increasing productivity through increased employee engagement was examined in this study. Using personal engagement theory and the theory of planned behavior, the purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore how the experiences of salaried aerospace employees affected productivity and the financial performance of an organization. Interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 20 aerospace employees whose responses were codified and analyzed to identify themes. The analysis indicated that (a) the lived experiences of employees influenced employee engagement, (b) employee engagement affects organizational commitment and performance, and (c) trust and respect and leadership are essential components to keep employees engaged. Eighty percent of the participants indicated that as employee engagement increases so too does organizational performance. The implications for positive social change include new insights for leaders seeking to increase productivity and financial performance, and to support employee engagement for maintaining sustainability, retaining talent, increasing profits, and improving the
The threat of those who "understand": ways in which out-groups induce guilt

Two types of out-groups are hypothesized to make people feel guilty, about their in-group's misdeeds. Given its expertise and legitimacy, a disapproving victimized out-group should raise guilt. However, when a morally tainted perpetrator out-group is the evaluator, a need to differentiate the self from this out-group should characterize the guilt responses. This out-group's disapproval should therefore diminish guilt. whereas some understanding toward the in-group's position may paradoxically increase guilt. Moreover; these patterns are likely to be accentuated as in-group identification increases. Predictions were supported among Dutch participants (N = 145) who read how either the current Jewish Dutch (victimized out-group) or Germans (perpetrator out-group) evaluated the Dutch collaboration with the Nazis. Results indicated that compassion for the victimized partially mediated the guilt responses. Implications for how perpetrator groups are persuaded to acknowledge their misdeeds art, discussed. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sound Auction Specification and Implementation

We introduce `formal methods' of mechanized reasoning from computer science to address two problems in auction design and practice: is a given auction design soundly specified, possessing its intended properties; and, is the design faithfully implemented when actually run? Failure on either front can be hugely costly in large auctions. In the familiar setting of the combinatorial Vickrey auction, we use a mechanized reasoner, Isabelle, to first ensure that the auction has a set of desired properties (e.g. allocating all items at non-negative prices), and to then generate verified executable code directly from the specified design. Having established the expected results in a known context, we intend next to use formal methods to verify new auction designs.
Managing instructional software acquisition

Managing acquisition and development efforts of contracted software is hard work for many organisations which require high-quality products to be produced. Mature supplier processes best work with mature acquisition processes which are able to appropriately plan, track and evaluate the work of the supplier. However, acquirer organisations might not always be that mature, so selecting and managing the best-fit suppliers becomes rather difficult. This paper introduces a study performed to overcome this difficulty for the Ministry of National Education (MONE) of Turkey. The first phase of the study includes defining the evaluation criteria for pre-qualification of software development companies, and the second phase includes defining the basic instructional software development process as well as the standards for the deliverables of the process. The paper also identifies the effort required by the Ministry for evaluating and managing the pre-qualification and development work in practice. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LOSS AS A UNIVERSAL CONCEPT: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE TO IDENTIFY COMMON ASPECTS OF LOSS IN DIVERSE SITUATIONS

It has long been recognized that loss and its associated grief are important elements of many adverse life events that affect the entire global population: death, disability, traumatic events, abuse, terminal and chronic illness, aging, addiction, unemployment, relationship breakdown, war, migration, and educational failure. While there is significant empirical evidence of the potential deleterious effects of specific situations of loss across the global community, systematic discussion concerning the common elements of loss that are associated with adverse life situations in general has been limited. This review of the theoretical and empirical literature concerning various losses and the recommendations for care of those affected by such losses identifies common aspects of situations of loss and common recommendations in the careof those confronted by such losses. These common themes of loss are described by simple summary statements that can be communicated to a broad audience, hence enhancing community education and, potentially, community-wide mental health promotion.
Outcome dependency: Attention, attribution, and attraction.

Theoretical and empirical work on the processes by which we attribute dispositional characteristics to others has focused almost exclusively on how such processes proceed once the perceiver has been motivated to initiate them. The problem of identifying the factors which prompt the perceiver to engage in an attributional analysis in the first place has been relatively ignored, even though the influence of such factors may extend beyond the initiation of the causal analysis to affect the manner in which it unfolds and, ultimately, the form and substance of its conclusion. From the assumption that the function of an attributional analysis is effective control of the social environment, it was hypothesized that high outcome dependency upon another, under conditions of high unfamiliarity, is associated with the initiation of an attributional analysis as evidenced by increased attention to the other, better memory of the other's characteristics and behavior, more extreme and confidently given evaluations of the other on a variety of dispositional trait dimensions, and increased attraction to the other. These hypotheses were tested within the context of a study of heterosexual dating relationships in which men and women volunteers anticipated varying degrees of dependence upon another for their dating outcomes. The findings support the view that the data processing operations of the social perceiver—from attention to memory to attribution—are part of a unified whole and may be viewed as manifestations of an underlying motivation to predict and control the social environment.