Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the impact of 'read receipts' in Mobile Instant Messaging

RESUME Sete meddelelser (”read receipts”) signalerer til afsenderen, at en besked er blevet laest af modtageren. Dette er en udbredt funktion pa Mobile Instant Messaging (MIM) applikationer sasom WhatsApp og Facebook Messenger. Anekdotisk betragtet, synes sete meddelelser at vaere en kilde til frustration blandt MIM-brugere. Trods dette, har forskningen i sociale netvaerksmedier ikke specifikt undersogt effekten af sete meddelelser. Ved at bruge en mixed methods-forskningsstrategi, undersogte vi i dette studie, de folelser, attituder og adfaerdsmonstre, som er forbundet med sete meddelelser, og udforskede de sociale og kontekstuelle faktorer, som indvirker herpa. Vores resultater forbinder sete meddelelser med en raekke adfaerdsmonstre og emotionelle folgevirkninger; herunder undvigelsesstrategier, foroget tilbojelighed til at tjekke sine MIM-apps, aengstelighed, samt staerkt negative attituder mod funktionen. ABSTRACT “Read receipts”, which signal to the sender whether the receiver has read a message, are a common feature of mobile instant messaging (MIM) applications such as WhatsApp and Facebook Messenger. Anecdotally, read receipts are a subject of frustration among MIM users. Yet, no existing research on networked communication has specifically investigated read receipts. In this paper, we investigated the emotions, attitudes and behaviours around read receipts and explored the social and contextual factors that influence those effects, employing a mixed-methods research strategy. In our findings, we link read receipts to an array of behaviours and emotional effects including avoidance strategies, increased app checking and feelings of anxiety as well as strong negative attitudes to the feature.
User Perceptions of Human-to-Human Communication Modes in CSCW Environments

An empirical study has been carried out to explore the relative impact of different human-to-human communication modes on dyadic computer supported cooperative work. Initially a pilot study evaluated a document-sharing groupware system supplemented by face-to-face, telephone-based, and text-based communication modes between the two users. The results of this study were then used to design a more focused experiment to examine the effects of face-to-face, full motion video, slow motion video, and audio only communication modes on computer supported group work. This paper describes the experiment and some of its results with the aim of establishing the effectiveness and benefits of these communication modes.
Recovery of Sparse Signals via Generalized Orthogonal Matching Pursuit: A New Analysis

As an extension of orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) for improving the recovery performance of sparse signals, generalized OMP (gOMP) has recently been studied in the literature. In this paper, we present a new analysis of the gOMP algorithm using the restricted isometry property (RIP). We show that if a measurement matrix Φ ∈ ℜ<sup>m×n</sup> satisfies the RIP with isometry constant δ<sub>max{9,S+1}K</sub> ≤ 1/8, then gOMP performs stable reconstruction of all K-sparse signals x ∈ ℜ<sup>n</sup> from the noisy measurements y=Φx+v, within max{K,⌊8K/S⌋} iterations, where v is the noise vector and S is the number of indices chosen in each iteration of the gOMP algorithm. For Gaussian random measurements, our result indicates that the number of required measurements is essentially m=O(Klog<sup>n</sup>/K), which is a significant improvement over the existing result m=O(K<sup>2</sup>log<sup>n</sup>/K), especially for large K.
Word recognition semantic processing defects in Chinese children with developmental dyslexia: An event-related potential study

This study reports the neurophysiological and behavioral correlates of lexical decision processes in Chinesespeaking dyslexic and non-dyslexic readers in order to understand the neural basis of dyslexia. Eighteen dyslexic children (ages 12~14) and 18 matched control children were tested, and the event-related potentials (ERPs) to real words and pseudo-words were recorded simultaneously with behavioral measures. The results showed that both groups had significantly longer response time for the pseudo-words. Furthermore, overall performance (in terms of lower accuracy and longer response time) was significantly worse among the dyslexic group during the lexical decision task. The differences between the dyslexic and control groups were mainly in the N130, RP, N400, and P600 components. The results suggest that Chinese dyslexic children have semantic processing defects. From a time course point of view, the early stages of processing reflect the Chinese dyslexic children’s morpheme integration and category sorting capacity deficiencies, while the middle stages show their semantic integration difficulties. The later stages of processing show that during semantic processing, decision-making is difficult among these children. Based on Chinese characters and phonetic system similarities, we suggest there are semantic processing defects in Chinese dyslexic children.
Tail dependence estimate in financial market risk management:clayton-gumbel copula approach

This paper focuses on measuring risk due to extreme events going beyond the multivariate normal distribution of joint returns. The concept of tail dependence has been found useful as a tool to describe dependence between extreme data in finance. Specifically, we adopted a multivariate Copula-EGARCH approach in order to investigate the presence of conditional dependence between international financial markets. In addition, we proposed a mixed Clayton-Gumbel copula with estimators for measuring both, the upper and lower tail dependence. The results showed significant dependence for Singapore and Malaysia as well as for Singapore and US, while the dependence for Malaysia and US was relatively weak.
Dairy development in Ethiopia

Ethiopia holds large potential for dairy development due to its large livestock population, the favorable climate for improved, high-yielding animal breeds, and the relatively disease-free environment for livestock. Given the considerable potential for smallholder income and employment generation from high-value dairy products, development of the dairy sector in Ethiopia can contribute significantly to poverty alleviation and nutrition in the country. Like other sectors of the economy, the dairy sector in Ethiopia has passed through three phases or turning points, following the economic and political policy in the country. In the most recent phase, characterized by the transition towards market-oriented economy, the dairy sector appears to be moving towards a takeoff stage. Liberalized markets and private sector investment and promotion of smallholder dairy are the main features of this phase. Milk production during the 1990s expanded at an annual rate of 3.0 percent compared to 1.63-1.66 percent during the preceding three decades. Review of the development of dairy sector in Ethiopia indicates that there is a need to focus interventions more coherently. Development interventions should be aimed at addressing both technological gaps and marketing problems. Integration of crossbred cattle to the sector is imperative for dairy development in the country. This can be achieved either through promotion of large private investment to introduce new technology in the sector such as improved genotypes, feed and processing, and promotion of integration of crossbred cattle into the smallholder sector through improving their access to improved cattle breeds, AI service, veterinary service, and credit. Similarly, government should also take the lead in building infrastructure and providing technical service to smallholders. Severe shortages, low quality and seasonal unavailability of feed likewise remain as major constraints to livestock production in Ethiopia. These constraints need to be addressed and technological change be promoted to increase milk production.
Revisiting the “Simple View of Reading” in a Group of Children With Poor Reading Comprehension

According to Gough and Tunmer's Simple View of Reading, Reading Comprehension = Decoding (D) × Listening Comprehension (C). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the model with a sample of First Nations children, known to have average decoding and listening comprehension but poor reading comprehension. In addition, the authors examined the contribution of naming speed and phonological awareness to reading comprehension beyond the effects of D and C. Consistent with the findings of previous studies, the children exhibited poor reading comprehension despite average performance in decoding and listening comprehension, a finding that challenges the simple view of reading. The results also revealed that an additive model (D + C) fitted the data equally well as a product model (D × C). Neither naming speed nor phonological awareness accounted for unique variance.
The Association between Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and the Duration of Type 1 Diabetes in Children

Objective: Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) has been known as a criterion of generalized atherosclerosis and a marker of cardiovascular disease progression in many studies which can be measured by ultrasound using high-resolution device. Methods: This is a case-control study. A total of 40 children (16 males and 24 females) with type1 diabetes mellitus and control group consisting of equal numbers (17 males and 23 females) who were otherwise healthy were included in the study from May 2007 to January 2008. The two groups were age matched, with the mean age of 10.56±3.21 years in control group and 10.67±4.18 years in diabetic patients. Left and right cIMT were measured by ultrasound. Findings : There was a significant difference between case and control subjects in terms of mean cIMT (P<0.001). cIMT was significantly higher in the diabetic group. Among variables including age, BMI and diabetes, diabetes was the only influential parameter in this respect. The mean time length of type 1 diabetes in our diabetic group was reported 4.24±3.02 years, with a minimum of four months and a maximum of ten years. There was a statistically significant difference between the two diabetic patients with below and above four years of disease duration (P=0.03 for right carotid artery and P=0.01 for left carotid artery). Conclusion: cIMT has been identified as an early indicator of atherosclerosis in many studies. It increases in patients with type 1 diabetes as the disease progresses and this can be followed by macro and microvascular atherosclerotic changes.
Color CENTRIST: a color descriptor for scene categorization

We design a method to incorporate color information into the framework of CENsus Transform histogram (CENTRIST), a state-of-the-art visual descriptor for scene categorization. The newly proposed color CENTRIST descriptor describes global shape information by not only gradient derived from intensity values but also color variations between pixels in local image patches. Through extensive evaluations on various datasets, we demonstrate that the color CENTRIST descriptor is not only easily to be implemented, but also reliably achieves performance over that of CENTRIST.
Speaker and Noise Factorization for Robust Speech Recognition

Speech recognition systems need to operate in a wide range of conditions. Thus they should be robust to extrinsic variability caused by various acoustic factors, for example speaker differences, transmission channel and background noise. For many scenarios, multiple factors simultaneously impact the underlying “clean” speech signal. This paper examines techniques to handle both speaker and background noise differences. An acoustic factorization approach is adopted. Here, separate transforms are assigned to represent the speaker [maximum-likelihood linear regression (MLLR)], and noise and channel [model-based vector Taylor series (VTS)] factors. This is a highly flexible framework compared to the standard approaches of modeling the combined impact of both speaker and noise factors. For example factorization allows the speaker characteristics obtained in one noise condition to be applied to a different environment. To obtain this factorization modified versions of MLLR and VTS training and application are derived. The proposed scheme is evaluated for both adaptation and factorization on the AURORA4 data.
Patterns of damage from Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in the South African sugar industry

In the South African sugar industry, internal tissue of sugarcane stalks attacked by Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) often turns a red colour as a result of secondary infection by various organisms. In the factory, less sugar is extracted from these sections because sucrose is inverted to glucose. The length of stalk that is red thus provides an indication of the amount of sugar that will be lost as a result of damage by this pest. Loss estimates are important because they are used to calculate the cost:benefit ratios that are required to assess potential control options against E. saccharina.
The UV colours of high-redshift early-type galaxies : Evidence for recent star formation and stellar mass assembly over the last 8 billion years

We combine deep optical and NIR (UBV RIzJK) photometry from the Multiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile (MUSYC) with redshifts from the COMBO-17 survey to perform a large-scale study of the rest-frame ultraviolet (UV ) properties of 674 high-redshift (0.5 0.5, implying that the UV is dominated by young stars, we find compelling evidence that early-types of all luminosities form stars over the lifetime of the Universe, although the bulk of their star formation is already complete at high redshift. This ‘tail-end’ of star formation is measurable and not negligible, with luminous ( 23 20.5) potentially forming 30-60 percent of their mass after z = 1. This, in turn, implies that intermediate-age stellar populations should be abundant in local early-type galaxies, as expected in hierarchical cosmology.
Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports Momentum and the Term Structure of Interest Rates Momentum and the Term Structure of Interest Rates

paper presents preliminary findings and is being distributed to economists and other interested readers solely to stimulate discussion and elicit comments. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and are not necessarily reflective of views at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Federal Reserve System. Any errors or omissions are the responsibility of the author. Abstract A vast literature reports excess returns to momentum strategies across many financial asset classes. However, no study examines trading rules based on price history along individual government-bond term structures—that is, with respect to duration buckets across the curve—as opposed to across sovereign markets or individual term structures as a whole over time. Under duration-neutral and long-only constraints as well as low trading costs, this paper reports excess annualized returns of up to 120 basis points and information ratios as high as 0.79 using U.S. Treasury total return data from December 1996 through July 2013. Given a corresponding long-short strategy with no absolute duration risk, excess returns and information ratios are up to 207 basis points and 1.01, respectively. Unlike momentum strategies in some other asset classes, the excess return distributions are positively skewed, and momentum loads, if in any way, favorably on broad risk factors. Returns correlate to a degree with portfolios based on instantaneous forward term premium estimates, in turn derived from a set of Gaussian arbitrage-free affine term structure models. However, substantial variance remains unexplained, the betas are less than one, and the alphas are meaningfully positive. A caveat is that underlying behavioral explanations for momentum are lacking in the context of the U.S. Treasury market. and seminar participants at the Bank for International Settlements and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for helpful comments. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Federal Reserve System.
Spurious multiples in seismic interferometry of primaries

Seismic interferometry is a technique for estimating the Green’s function that accounts for wave propagation between receivers by correlating the waves recorded at these receivers. We present a derivation of this principle based on the method of stationary phase. Although this derivation is intended to be educational, applicable to simple media only, it provides insight into the physical principle of seismic interferometry. In a homogeneous medium with one horizontal reflector and without a free surface, the correlation of the waves recorded at two receivers correctly gives both the direct wave and the singly reflected waves. When more reflectors are present, a product of the singly reflected waves occurs in the crosscorrelation that leads to spurious multiples when the waves are excited at the surface only. We give a heuristic argument that these spurious multiples disappear when sources below the reflectors are included. We also extend the derivation to a smoothly varying heterogeneous background medium.
Do You Trust Your Boss? – A Jungian Analysis of Leadership Reliability in CSR

It is essential for corporate social responsibility that staff can trust its leaders. This paper argues that trust in leaders depends on the relationship between the leader’s values, words and actions. If they are in line, employees can trust the leader. If they are not, distrust prevails. Five alternative relationships between values, words and actions can be identified: (1) values = words = actions; (2) values = words ! = actions; (3) values ! = words = actions; (4) values ! = words ! = actions; and (5) values = actions ! = words. They can be analysed and interpreted through the Jungian concepts of ego, persona (public ego), shadow and self. In alternative (1) leaders’ Jungian ego has developed into a
Detecting communities in networks by merging cliques

Many algorithms have been proposed for detecting disjoint communities (relatively densely connected subgraphs) in networks. One popular technique is to optimize modularity, a measure of the quality of a partition in terms of the number of intracommunity and intercommunity edges. Greedy approximate algorithms for maximizing modularity can be very fast and effective. We propose a new algorithm that starts by detecting disjoint cliques and then merges these to optimize modularity. We show that this performs better than other similar algorithms in terms of both modularity and execution speed.
Overlapping neuronal circuits in addiction and obesity: evidence of systems pathology

Drugs and food exert their reinforcing effects in part by increasing dopamine (DA) in limbic regions, which has generated interest in understanding how drug abuse/addiction relates to obesity. Here, we integrate findings from positron emission tomography imaging studies on DA's role in drug abuse/addiction and in obesity and propose a common model for these two conditions. Both in abuse/addiction and in obesity, there is an enhanced value of one type of reinforcer (drugs and food, respectively) at the expense of other reinforcers, which is a consequence of conditioned learning and resetting of reward thresholds secondary to repeated stimulation by drugs (abuse/addiction) and by large quantities of palatable food (obesity) in vulnerable individuals (i.e. genetic factors). In this model, during exposure to the reinforcer or to conditioned cues, the expected reward (processed by memory circuits) overactivates the reward and motivation circuits while inhibiting the cognitive control circuit, resulting in an inability to inhibit the drive to consume the drug or food despite attempts to do so. These neuronal circuits, which are modulated by DA, interact with one another so that disruption in one circuit can be buffered by another, which highlights the need of multiprong approaches in the treatment of addiction and obesity.
Escalation bias in group decision-making

The present study extended the literature on escalation bias to group decision-making in the context of performance appraisal. Escalation theory states that persons responsible for a hiring decision will provide higher evaluation ratings of that employee than those persons not responsible for the decision. This study compared the performance evaluation decisions of supervisors, individual team members, and teams in order to ascertain differences in escalation behaviors based on rater perspective and whether the rater was responsible for hiring the employee or not. Support for the hypotheses varied depending on the employment decision being made and the perspective of the decision-maker. There was no support found for an escalation of commitment on any of the tested variables. However, it was found that supervisors provided more favorable ratings than teams on the performance and promotability variables. Teams provided more favorable ratings than supervisors on the commission decrease variable and more favorable ratings than team members on the layoff and commission decrease variables. Team members provided higher ratings than teams on the performance and promotability variables. Additionally, there was a perspective by responsibility interaction found between teams and team members on the performance and vacation days variables, and between supervisors and teams on the vacation days variable. No other hypotheses were significant. Possible effects of polarization in teams and diffusion of responsibility by team members are discussed.
On-Line Learning CMAC Control System

This study proposes an on-line learning CMAC (cerebellar model articulation controller) control system, which contains only one single-input controller implemented by a differentiable CMAC. The on-line learning rules derived by the gradient descent algorithm are similar to neural control schemes. However, without a preliminary off-line learning, the proposed CMAC controller can provide the control effort to an unknown plant at each time step. Simulation is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
A Trans-Species Missense SNP in Amhr2 Is Associated with Sex Determination in the Tiger Pufferfish, Takifugu rubripes (Fugu)

Heterogametic sex chromosomes have evolved independently in various lineages of vertebrates. Such sex chromosome pairs often contain nonrecombining regions, with one of the chromosomes harboring a master sex-determining (SD) gene. It is hypothesized that these sex chromosomes evolved from a pair of autosomes that diverged after acquiring the SD gene. By linkage and association mapping of the SD locus in fugu (Takifugu rubripes), we show that a SNP (C/G) in the anti-Müllerian hormone receptor type II (Amhr2) gene is the only polymorphism associated with phenotypic sex. This SNP changes an amino acid (His/Asp384) in the kinase domain. While females are homozygous (His/His384), males are heterozygous. Sex in fugu is most likely determined by a combination of the two alleles of Amhr2. Consistent with this model, the medaka hotei mutant carrying a substitution in the kinase domain of Amhr2 causes a female phenotype. The association of the Amhr2 SNP with phenotypic sex is conserved in two other species of Takifugu but not in Tetraodon. The fugu SD locus shows no sign of recombination suppression between X and Y chromosomes. Thus, fugu sex chromosomes represent an unusual example of proto–sex chromosomes. Such undifferentiated X-Y chromosomes may be more common in vertebrates than previously thought.