Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changing climate mediates sapsucker (Aves: Sphyrapicus) hybrid zone movement

Abstract Hybrid zones, where two divergent taxa meet and interbreed, offer unique opportunities to investigate how climate contributes to reproductive isolation between closely related taxa and how these taxa may respond to climatic changes. Red‐naped (Sphyrapicus nuchalis) and Red‐breasted (Sphyrapicus ruber) sapsuckers (Aves: Picidae) hybridize along a narrow contact zone that stretches from northern California to British Columbia. The hybrid zone between these species has been studied extensively for more than 100 years and represents an excellent system for investigations of the evolution of reproductive isolation. Shifts in the proportions of phenotypes at hybrid localities since 1910 that were inferred using specimens from museum collections were confirmed using species distribution models. We predicted the historical, current, and future distributions of parental and hybrid sapsuckers using Random Forests models to quantify how climate change is affecting hybrid zone movement in the Pacific Northwest. We found observed distribution shifts of parental sapsuckers were likely the result of climate change over the past 100 years, with these shifts predicted to continue for both sapsuckers over the next 80 years. We found Red‐breasted Sapsuckers are predicted to continue to expand, while Red‐naped Sapsuckers are predicted to contract substantially under future climate scenarios. As a result of the predicted changes, the amount of overlap in the distribution of these sapsuckers may decrease. Using hybrid phenotypes, we found the climate niche occupied by the hybrid zone is predicted to disappear under future conditions. The disappearance of this climate niche where the two parental species come into contact and hybridize may lead to a substantial reduction in genetic introgression. Understanding the impacts of global climate change on hybrid zones may help us to better understand how speciation has been shaped by climate in the past, as well as how evolution may respond to climate change in the future.
Rank 2 Intersection for Recursive Definitions

Let ⊢ be an intersection type system. We say that a term is ⊢-simple (or just simple when the system ⊢ is clear from the context) if system ⊢ can prove that it has a simple type. In this paper we propose new typing rules and algorithms that are able to type (with rank 2 intersection types) recursive definitions that are not simple. Typing rules for assigning intersection types to (nonsimple) recursive definitions have been already proposed in the literature. However, at the best of our knowledge, previous algorithms for typing recursive definitions in the presence of intersection types allow only simple recursive definitions to be typed. The rules and algorithms proposed in this paper are also able to type interesting examples of polymorphic recursion (i.e., recursive definitions rec {x=e} where different occurrences of x in e are used with different types). Moreover, the underlying techniques do not depend on particulars of rank 2 intersection, so they can be applied to other type systems.
Escaping the “Balkanizing” Gaze? Perceptions of Global and Internal Developmental Hierarchies in Romania

The article presents the perceptions of global and internal developmental hierarchies in Romania. According to our empirical results, the Western-centred developmental paradigm has deeply penetrated the worldviews of ordinary people in Romania. As a consequence, national self-perceptions, respectively, constructions of internal regional and ethnic differences in Romania, are powerfully shaped by the idea of East–West developmental hierarchies. Melegh introduced the concept of an “East–West slope” to denote a discursive construction used since the eighteenth century. This construction suggests that there is a gradual decline of development (or “civilization”) as one moves from the West (North West) toward the East (South East). The author argues that this framework not only defines how Romanians position themselves in the global developmental hierarchy but also how they define their internal (regional and ethnic) hierarchies. The article also discusses Todorova’s concept of Balkanism. This interpretive framework not only defines the perceptions of external observers but (following a process of cultural penetration) may also shape the self-perceptions of those involved. This article argues that Romanians have succeeded in avoiding—at least partially—the most severe consequence of the “Balkanizing gaze,” which is a constant sense of inferiority. It is also important, however, that this Balkanizing gaze can be reproduced at a national/local level and (in interrelation with other types of developmental discourses) can organize internal hierarchies.
Collective Migration in House Dust Mites

House dust mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) are widespread in the furniture and mattresses of homes throughout Eurasia. Because human occupation induces wide diurnal fluctuations in temperature and relative humidity, the most favourable locations for mites change constantly and they must migrate repeatedly. Here, we triggered and studied mites migration movements to a new area. Mites migrated from a starting arena to a second arena through a diamond-shaped corridor offering a choice between two branches of equal length. In this article, we show that local air dryness and a distant water source were both necessary to trigger collective migration. Males and nymphs had a higher probability of migration than larvae and females. When migrating, although both branches initially appeared to be chosen equally, most mites eventually ended up choosing one particular branch. When about 50 or more mites had passed, there was an obvious choice of branch. We used a modelling approach to show that these data support the hypothesis that mites lay an attractive trail that is reinforced by followers. Consequently, the consistency of the collective choice is higher as the number of migrants grows. This article is the first to observe dust mite migration as a collective phenomenon.
A Conceptualisation of Online Gaming in the context of Social Anxiety: Support from Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Studies

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Distributed Reasoning with EL++ using MapReduce

It has recently been shown that the MapReduce framework for distributed computation can be used effectively for large-scale RDF Schema reasoning, computing the deductive closure of over a billion RDF triples within a reasonable time [23]. Later work has carried this approach over to OWL Horst [22]. In this paper, we provide a MapReduce algorithm for classifying knowledge bases in the description logic EL, which is essentially the OWL 2 profile OWL 2 EL. The traditional EL classification algorithm is recast into a form compatible with MapReduce, and it is shown how the revised algorithm can be realized within the MapReduce framework. An analysis of the circumstances under which the algorithm can be effectively used is also provided.
Fine structure of taste buds located on the lamb epiglottis

Background: Taste buds located on the aryepiglottal folds and laryngeal surface of the epiglottis are the principal receptors responsible for the initiation of the laryngeal chemoreflex. In contrast to the wealth of information available concerning the ultrastructure of oral taste buds, little comparable data exists for taste buds located at the entrance to the larynx. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the fine structure of taste buds located on the lamb epiglottis.
Solving Imbalanced Classification Problems with Support Vector Machines

The Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a powerful learning mechanism and promising results have been obtained in the field of medical diagnostics and text-categorization. However, successful applications to business oriented classification problems are still limited. Most real world data sets exhibit vast class imbalances and an accurate identification of the economical relevant minority class is a major challenge within this domain. Based upon an empirical experiment, we evaluate the adequacy of SVMs to identify the respondents of a mailing campaign, massively underrepresented in our data set finding SVM to be capable of handling class imbalances in an internal manner providing robust and competitive results when compared to re-sampling methods which are commonly used to account for class imbalances. Consequently , the overall process of data pre-processing is simplified when applying a SVM classifier leading to less time consuming and more cost-efficient analysis.
Visual perception of social directional cues that facilitate joint attention

2017-10-09 JG: Item withdrawn at author's request: Sarah Cooney 'I am writing to request that full distribution restrictions are imposed on my thesis ‘ Visual Perception of Social Directional Cues That Facilitate Joint Attention’ and placed indefinitely until I rescind the restriction (full restriction). This is due to prior publication issue concerning chapters of the dissertation. ' 2017-10-07
Dynamical System Modulation for Robot Learning via Kinesthetic Demonstrations

We present a system for robust robot skill acquisition from kinesthetic demonstrations. This system allows a robot to learn a simple goal-directed gesture and correctly reproduce it despite changes in the initial conditions and perturbations in the environment. It combines a dynamical system control approach with tools of statistical learning theory and provides a solution to the inverse kinematics problem when dealing with a redundant manipulator. The system is validated on two experiments involving a humanoid robot: putting an object into a box and reaching for and grasping an object.
Task sharing among agents using reactive rules

Coordination and collaboration are naturally used by groups for carrying out activities and solving problems that require cooperation. However, getting a set of computer agents to do the same has been a problem-primarily addressed by the AI community and recently by the database community as workflow and process management problems. Not surprisingly, the problem has been addressed at different levels of abstraction by the two communities. It is evident that there is a need for bringing the two approaches together to develop cooperative information systems. This paper argues for the use of active databases as an enabling technology for cooperative information systems, details a novel approach for supporting task sharing (a key cooperation strategy within cooperative information systems) using active capability, and elaborates on a methodology for mapping task-shared protocols expressed in high-level speech acts to event-condition-action rules.
Crustal Motion Models Developed for Version 3.2 of the Horizontal Time-Dependent Positioning Utility

Abstract The Horizontal Time-Dependent Positioning (HTDP) software allows users to transform positional coordinates across time and between spatial reference frames. To provide this capability, the software includes numerical models for estimating interseismic horizontal crustal velocities in and around the United States, as well as numerical models for estimating the displacements associated with major (magnitude > 6.0) earthquakes in these same areas. Version 3.2 of HTDP was released in August 2012. This HTDP version introduces: (a) an improved model for estimating interseismic horizontal velocities in Alaska, (b) a model for estimating the postseismic motion associated with the M7.9 Denali Fault earthquake that occurred in central Alaska on November 3, 2002, and (c) an improved model for estimating interseismic horizontal velocities in the region of the conterminous United States, which is located east of longitude 107°W. The development and nature of these new models are discussed in this paper.
The Gendered Profession : The Case Of Nursing In Turkey

Health and illness are flip sides of the same coin. Similarly, patients and health care providers are inseparable and interlocking elements integrated into the same context. The key concept is the caring interaction, and there is a positive association between satisfaction and caring interactions. Although care providers’ satisfaction affects the quality of care, patient satisfaction determines the quality of nursing care in terms of “relational theory,” embedded in socialist feminist thought. The primary aim of this study was to contribute to gender studies – in addition to health care and nursing studies – by exploring and describing job dissatisfaction and frustrations among nurses in Turkey. In addition, the metaphor of marriage was proposed to elucidate the nurses’ situation in society, which is in line with a socialist feminist perspective and to fulfil requirements of grounded theory methodology. This study explored the following research questions: What are the basic sources of dissatisfaction from the nurse’s perspective? What is the utility of the feminist perspective and grounded theory methodology in investigating the sources of dissatisfaction amongst nurses? Interviews were conducted with nurses and patients at the Rehabilitation and Care Centre of the Turkish Military Forces. The findings revealed that nurses are exposed to many organisational, professional and patient-based pressures and that the image of nurses occupying a low status in society was a particularly salient core concept, amongst others. The findings also revealed that the overwhelmingly female-dominated nursing profession in Turkey is undercompensated and beset with unrealistic expectations due to a lack of specialisation and professionalization. Empowering nurses means communicating that caregiving is valued, while strengthening current nurses both at home and at work without resorting to male comparisons.
A New Inferential Test for Path Models Based on Directed Acyclic Graphs

This article introduces a new inferential test for acyclic structural equation models (SEM) without latent variables or correlated errors. The test is based on the independence relations predicted by the directed acyclic graph of the SEMs, as given by the concept of d-separation. A wide range of distributional assumptions and structural functions can be accommodated. No iterative fitting procedures are used, precluding problems involving convergence. Exact probability estimates can be obtained, thus permitting the testing of models with small data sets.
A literature review of the role of project management in post-disaster reconstruction

The number of natural disasters has increased sharply in the past few decades, threatening human lives, and the built environment. Recent disaster management paradigms have, arguably, shifted from disaster relief to disaster preparedness, hazard mitigation, and vulnerability reduction. Reconstruction activities are those activities in recovery and rehabilitation phase of disaster risk management; actions taken to restore and if possible improve pre-disaster living condition of affected communities. While emergency relief which by providing food, medical treatment, and shelter in immediate after disaster is considered effective, reconstruction as medium and long term recovery activity is usually slow, expensive, complex. If not addressed effectively, opportunities for community development are often lost. Based on a comprehensive literature review of reconstruction projects and processes in a few countries affected by natural disaster, this paper investigates and documents the roles of project management, and the roles of key stakeholders in reconstruction projects after disasters. It identifies and documents the key challenges in post-disaster reconstruction projects and the main procurement strategies that are available and currently in use in the reconstruction projects. It concludes with the important role that project management plays in post-disaster reconstruction projects and the importance of managing interface issues, communication and stakeholders as part of effective project management.
Three major uncertainties in the antibody therapy of cancer

Antibodies against surface molecules of human tumors are now frequently administered in combination with strong chemotherapy, increasing therapeutic efficacy but making the task of elucidating immunological events more difficult. Experiments on genetically manipulated mice indicate that antibody efficacy is greatest when IgG antibody coating tumor cells is engaged by the Fcγ-receptors of effector cells, chiefly the monocyte/macrophage lineage. Evidence suggests lesser roles for NK cells, neutrophils, receptor-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-mediated cytotoxicity. The classical mode of killing employed by macrophages is phagocytosis, but much has to be learned about optimally activating macrophages for this task, and about any other modes of cytotoxicity used. There is renewed interest in antigenic modulation, which implies removal of therapeutic antibody linked with antigen from target-cell surfaces. It is now apparent that this removal of immune complexes can be achieved either by internalization by the target cell, or by transfer of the complexes to another cell by trogocytosis. In trials, anti-idiotype antibodies surprisingly proved therapeutically more effective than anti-CD20, despite anti-idiotype being more effectively removed from target-cell surfaces by antigenic modulation. This anomalous result might reflect the fact that persistence of anti-CD20 immune complexes in large amounts induces serious effector modulation, which paralyzes macrophage attacks on antibody-coated cells. The case for effector modulation is argued by analogy with the therapeutic suppression of autoimmune inflammation by effector modulation, achieved by infusion either of normal IgG in large amounts, or of anti-red cell IgG in relatively small amounts.
Murine and human CFTR exhibit different sensitivities to CFTR potentiators.

Development of therapeutic molecules with clinical efficacy as modulators of defective CFTR includes efforts to identify potentiators that can overcome or repair the gating defect in mutant CFTR channels. This has taken a great leap forward with the identification of the potentiator VX-770, now available to patients as "Kalydeco. " Other small molecules with different chemical structure also are capable of potentiating the activity of either wild-type or mutant CFTR, suggesting that there are features of the protein that may be targeted to achieve stimulation of channel activity by structurally diverse compounds. However, neither the mechanisms by which these compounds potentiate mutant CFTR nor the site(s) where these compounds bind have been identified. This knowledge gap partly reflects the lack of appropriate experimental models to provide clues toward the identification of binding sites. Here, we have compared the channel behavior and response to novel and known potentiators of human CFTR (hCFTR) and murine (mCFTR) expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Both hCFTR and mCFTR were blocked by GlyH-101 from the extracellular side, but mCFTR activity was increased with GlyH-101 applied directly to the cytoplasmic side. Similarly, glibenclamide only exhibited a blocking effect on hCFTR but both blocked and potentiated mCFTR in excised membrane patches and in intact oocytes. The clinically used CFTR potentiator VX-770 transiently increased hCFTR by ∼13% but potentiated mCFTR significantly more strongly. Our results suggest that mCFTR pharmacological sensitivities differ from hCFTR, which will provide a useful tool for identifying the binding sites and mechanism for these potentiators.
Investigating the Relationship Between University Students’ Psychological Flexibility and College Self-Efficacy

For many, college is a period of transition, marked with acute stress, threats to success, and decreases in self-efficacy. For certain groups of students, the risk of these poor outcomes is elevated. In this study, 348 students from a large residential university in the western United States were surveyed to understand the role of psychological flexibility and inflexibility on self-efficacy and the potential moderating impact of year in college and underrepresented racial minority (URM) status. Results indicated that students who are psychologically flexible reported greater college self-efficacy, whereas students who are psychologically inflexible reported lower college self-efficacy. The impact of psychological inflexibility on self-efficacy was moderated by URM status and year in school; psychological inflexibility had a stronger impact on URM students’ self-efficacy than nonminority students, and psychological inflexibility had a greater effect on college students starting college as opposed to students who had been enrolled for multiple years.
Correction of Angle Class II division 1 malocclusion with a mandibular protraction appliances and multiloop edgewise archwire technique

A Brazilian girl aged 14 years and 9 months presented with a chief complaint of protrusive teeth. She had a convex facial profile, extreme overjet, deep bite, lack of passive lip seal, acute nasolabial angle, and retrognathic mandible. Intraorally, she showed maxillary diastemas, slight mandibular incisor crowding, a small maxillary arch, 13-mm overjet, and 4-mm overbite. After the diagnosis of severe Angle Class II division 1 malocclusion, a mandibular protraction appliance was placed to correct the Class II relationships and multiloop edgewise archwires were used for finishing. Follow-up examinations revealed an improved facial profile, normal overjet and overbite, and good intercuspation. The patient was satisfied with her occlusion, smile, and facial appearance. The excellent results suggest that orthodontic camouflage by using a mandibular protraction appliance in combination with the multiloop edgewise archwire technique is an effective option for correcting Class II malocclusions in patients who refuse orthognathic surgery.
Elements of a computational model for multi-party discourse: The turn-taking behavior of Supreme Court justices

This paper explores computational models of multi-party discourse, using transcripts from U.S. Supreme Court oral arguments. The turn-taking behavior of participants is treated as a supervised sequence labeling problem and modeled using firstand secondorder Conditional Random Fields. We specifically explore the hypothesis that discourse markers and personal references provide important features in such models. Results from a sequence prediction experiment demonstrate that incorporating these two types of features yields significant improvements in performance. This work is couched in the broader context of developing tools to support legal scholarship, although we see other NLP applications as well. Publication Date: January 14, 2008