Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The logic of interactive turing reduction

Abstract The paper gives a soundness and completeness proof for the implicative fragment of intuitionistic calculus with respect to the semantics of computability logic, which understands intuitionistic implication as interactive algorithmic reduction. This concept — more precisely, the associated concept of reducibility — is a generalization of Turing reducibility from the traditional, input/output sorts of problems to computational tasks of arbitrary degrees of interactivity.
Reliable MAC layer designs for vehicular networks

This paper discusses mobile hidden station (MHS) problem which is a significant source of packet collisions in medium access control (MAC) protocols of vehicular networks due to relatively high node speeds. MHS problem occurs when mobile stations that are not present in the channel reservation period enter and disturb the existing communications. We present effect of MHS problem using Markov model of carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA). Then we present how MHS affects the repetition broadcast protocols using analytical analysis results. Finally, protocols that mitigate effect of MHS at MAC layer for both infotaintment communication and safety broadcast messaging are presented. MAC protocol for infotaintment is Enhanced Sliding Frame Reservation Aloha (ESFRA) and for safety broadcast messaging is Passive Cooperative Collision Warning (PCCW). With these protocols, it is verified that effect of MHS is significantly reduced, which result in lower delay and significant improvement in reliability. Both analytical analysis and simulation results agree.
Potential Role of UGT1A4 Promoter SNPs in Anastrozole Pharmacogenomics

Anastrozole belongs to the nonsteroidal triazole-derivative group of aromatase inhibitors. Recently, clinical trials demonstrated improved antitumoral efficacy and a favorable toxicity with third-generation aromatase inhibitors, compared with tamoxifen. Anastrozole is predominantly metabolized by phase I oxidation with the potential for further phase II glucuronidation. It also, however, is subject to direct N-glucuronidation by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4 (UGT1A4). Anastrozole pharmacokinetics vary widely among patients, but pharmacogenomic studies of patients treated with anastrozole are sparse. In this study, we examined individual variability in the glucuronidation of anastrozole and its association with UGT1A4 promoter and coding region polymorphisms. In vitro assays using liver microsomal preparations from individual subjects (n = 96) demonstrated 235-fold variability in anastrozole glucuronidation. Anastrozole glucuronidation was correlated (r = 0.99; P < 0.0001) with lamotrigine glucuronidation (a diagnostic substrate for UGT1A4) and with UGT1A4 mRNA expression levels in human liver microsomes (r = 0.99; P < 0.0001). Recombinant UGT1A4 catalyzed anastrozole glucuronidation, which was inhibited by hecogenin (IC50 = 15 µM), a UGT1A4 specific inhibitor. The promoter region of UGT1A4 is polymorphic, and compared with those homozygous for the common allele, lower enzymatic activity was observed in microsomes from individuals heterozygous for −163G<A, −219T<G, and −217C<T (P = 0.009, P = 0.014, and P = 0.009, respectively). These results indicate that variability in glucuronidation could contribute to response to anastrozole in the treatment of breast cancer.
Resection of the Inferior Vena Cava for Neoplasms With or Without Prosthetic Replacement: A 14-Patient Series

ObjectiveTo review the outcome of resection of the suprarenal or infrarenal inferior vena cava (IVC) and possible indications for prosthetic replacement. Summary Background DataInvolvement of the IVC has long been considered a limiting factor for curative surgery for advanced tumors because the surgical risks are high and the long-term prognosis is poor. Prosthetic replacement of the IVC is controversial. MethodsThe authors retrospectively reviewed a 7-year series of 14 patients who underwent en bloc resection including a circumferential segment of the IVC. The tumor was malignant in 12 patients and benign in 2. The resected segment of the IVC was located above the kidneys in eight patients and below in six. Resection was performed without extracorporeal circulation in all patients. ResultsIn all but one patient, IVC resection was associated with multivisceral resection, including extended nephrectomy (n = 8), major hepatic resection (n = 3), digestive resection (n = 3), and infrarenal aortic replacement (n = 2). Prosthetic replacement of the IVC was performed in eight patients cases and was more common after resection of a suprarenal (6/8) than an infrarenal segment of the IVC (2/6). One patient died of multiorgan failure. Major complications occurred in 29% of patients. Symptomatic complications of prosthetic replacement occurred in one patient (acute postoperative thrombosis, successfully treated by surgical disobstruction). Graft-related infection was not observed. Marked symptoms of venous obstruction developed in three of the six patients who did not undergo venous replacement. In patients undergoing surgery for malignant disease, the estimated median survival was 37 months and the actuarial survival rate was 67% at 1 year. ConclusionMultivisceral resection including a segment of IVC is justified to achieve complete extirpation in selected patients with extensive abdominal tumors. Prosthetic replacement of the IVC may be required, particularly in cases of suprarenal resection. It is a safe procedure with a low complication rate and good functional results.
Reference data and geocoding quality: Examining completeness and positional accuracy of street geocoded crime incidents

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of reference data, input address quality, and crime type on completeness and positional accuracy of street geocoded crime events.Design/methodology/approach – Existing data were analyzed using ArcGIS, including crime incident information, street network reference data, and address point and/or parcel reference data. Geocoding completeness was determined by the overall match rate. Positional accuracy was determined by comparing the Euclidian distance between street geocoded locations of crime events to the corresponding address point/parcel geocoded location.Findings – Results indicate that match rates vary by reference data, input address quality, and crime type. Local street centerline files consistently produced match rates that were as good as – and in many cases superior to – other types of reference data, including commercial data. Greater variability in positional accuracy was observed across reference data when crime type and input add.
Candida Species Differ in Their Interactions With Immature Human Gastrointestinal Epithelial Cells

Life-threatening gastrointestinal (GI) diseases of prematurity are highly associated with systemic candidiasis. This implicates the premature GI tract as an important site for invasion by Candida. Invasive interactions of Candida spp. with immature enterocytes have heretofore not been analyzed. Using a primary immature human enterocyte line, we compared the ability of multiple isolates of different Candida spp. to penetrate, injure, and induce a cytokine response from host cells. Of all the Candida spp. analyzed, C. albicans had the greatest ability to penetrate and injure immature enterocytes and to elicit IL-8 release (p < 0.01). In addition, C. albicans was the only Candida spp. to form filamentous hyphae when in contact with immature enterocytes. Similarly, a C. albicans mutant with defective hyphal morphogenesis and invasiveness had attenuated cytotoxicity for immature enterocytes (p < 0.003). Thus, hyphal morphogenesis correlates with immature enterocyte penetration, injury, and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, variability in enterocyte injury was observed among hyphal-producing C. albicans strains, suggesting that individual organism genotypes also influence host-pathogen interactions. Overall, the finding that Candida spp. differed in their interactions with immature enterocytes implicates that individual spp. may use different pathogenesis mechanisms.
Islamic Radicalism and Multicultural Politics: The British Experience

Preface 1. From the Historical to the Contemporary 2. Islamic Political Radicalism: Origins and Destinations 3. Post-war Immigration: Ethnicity, Identity and Spatiality 4. The Formation of Muslim Capital: Education, Employment and Entrepreneurialism 5. Neo-Orientalism and Islamophobia: The Media and Print News 6. The Political Philosophy of Multiculturalism and the 'Modern Muslim' 7. Islamist Identity Politics in the Context of Glocalisation 8. Muslims, Crime, Terror and the Law 9. British Islam Tomorrow and the Battle Ahead
Le dopage sportif: la responsabilité des praticiens médicaux

L’article etudie l’histoire recente de la medecine du sport. Il montre que, commencant dans la periode de l’entre-deux-guerres et s’accelerant fortement dans les deux ou trois dernieres decennies, une rupture radicale s’est produite dans les orientations de recherches de plusieurs medecins du sport de premier plan. Dans le meme temps se produisait un changement drastique dans la nature de la medecine du sport comme discipline. Cela a implique un autre changement qui a conduit a une situation tres eloignee de celle dans laquelle se trouvaient les premiers medecins du sport. Ceux-ci voyaient en effet leur activite comme source de donnees pour l’etude de la physiologie humaine et etaient peu interesses par l’idee de contribuer a battre de nouveaux records athletiques. Ceci etait en outre correle au fait que les medecins du sport etaient progressivement davantage impliques dans le monde du sport particulierement depuis les annees cinquante, monde devenu de plus en plus competitif. Ces praticiens ont vu en consequence leur activite scientifique de plus en plus conditionnee par la recherche de la victoire et du depassement des records. Si les pionniers de la medecine du sport etaient vaguement concernes par l’amelioration des performances athletiques, celle-ci est devenue maintenant la raison d’etre de la medecine du sport contemporain. L’implication de plus en plus importante des medecins du sport dans l’idee de battre des records, de remporter des competitions, particulierement depuis les annees cinquante, les a conduits, malheureusement, de plus en plus fortement a rechercher des ameliorations de regimes ou de methodes d’entrainement mais aussi a developper des produits et des techniques visant a ameliorer les performances. Dans la perspective de comprendre le dopage, pour ce qui concerne l’elite sportive moderne, il convient d’etudier les relations entre les sportifs de haut niveau et les medecins du sport.
Essays on chronomics spawned by transdisciplinary chronobiology. Witness in time: Earl Elmer Bakken.

Foreword Technology allows the monitoring of ever denser and longer serial biological and physical environmental data. This in turn allows the recognition of time structures, chronomes, including, with an ever broader spectrum of rhythms, also deterministic and other chaos and trends. Chronomics1 thus resolves the otherwise impenetrable “normal range” of physiological variation and leads to new, dynamic maps of normalcy and health in all fi elds of human endeavor, including, with health care, physics, chemistry, biology, and even sociology and economics. The authors plan to describe initiators of modern mapping of our make-up in time, with focus on mechanisms and applications. Earl Elmer Bakken, to start the planned series, is also to serve as a local time-witness (ZeitZeuge) of concerns about chronomics in Minnesota. Introduction
Autoimmune thyroiditis as a risk factor for stroke

Objective: To investigate the effect of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) on risk of stroke and to assess whether any increased risk (1) varied by AIT duration, and (2) was independent of classic cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: This was a large historical cohort study using data from The Health Improvement Network Database. Rates of first stroke during follow-up in thyroxine-treated patients with AIT (n = 34,907) were compared with those in matched individuals without AIT (n = 149,632) using random-effects Poisson regression models. Results: There was strong evidence for a slightly increased risk of stroke in patients with AIT (adjusted rate ratio = 1.10, 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.20). The observed increase was partly independent of cardiovascular risk factors. Higher effect sizes were identified in the first year after AIT diagnosis (rate ratio = 1.33, 95% confidence interval: 1.14–1.56) but not in the long-term, consistent with a residual effect of hypothyroidism. Conclusion: Our results support the hypothesis of a slightly increased risk of stroke in patients with AIT. The higher effect size found soon after AIT diagnosis suggests an increased cardiovascular risk due to thyroid-hormone deficiency rather than a cumulative effect of autoimmune pathology. Better screening and early treatment of patients with asymptomatic hypothyroid AIT could help reduce excess risk of stroke in the first year after diagnosis.
Jade: a high-level, machine-independent language for parallel programming

Jade, a high-level parallel programming language for managing coarse-grained parallelism, is discussed. Jade simplifies programming by providing sequential-execution and shared-address-space abstractions. It is also platform-independent; the same Jade program runs on uniprocessors, multiprocessors, and heterogeneous networks of machines. An example that illustrates how Jade programmers express irregular, dynamically determined concurrency and how the implementation exploits this source of concurrency is presented. A digital video imaging program that runs on a high-resolution video system and several other examples of Jade applications are described. <<ETX>>
Validation and Reliability of a Classification Method to Measure the Time Spent Performing Different Activities

The aim of this study was to validate the performance and reliability of results obtained from a classification model that measures time spent performing activities in confined (CE) and unrestricted (UE) environments. In CE, participants wore a pair of biaxial and/or triaxial accelerometers while performing pre-determined training activities classified as variants of lying down, dynamic standing, sitting, walking and running on two separate days. A classification model trained with activities performed in a specific order during the first day was developed to validate the activities performed in a random order on the second day (CE) and over 24 hours on a separate day (UE). The performance of the classification model was validated against triaxial accelerometers using six (x, y and step counts for arm and thigh) or eight (same as six features plus z axis) features. The reliability of the classification model was tested in both environments using six features. Results revealed an overall accuracy of 94% in CE and 90% in UE. The sensitivity in CE and UE was 94% and 95% for lying down, 88% and 80% for dynamic standing, 97% and 89% for sitting, 96% and 78% for walking and 90% and 64% for running, respectively. No significant differences were noted between performances obtained with six or eight features. Results were highly reproducible in both environments. The results obtained from the classification model were accurate and reproducible, and highlight the potential use of this approach in research to quantify the time spent performing different activities.
Oral Reading

The present study explores the relationship between error frequencies and correspondences between graphemes and phonemes of words in running texts read by 50 Swedish beginning readers. Following the ample cross-linguistic evidence of the impact of orthographic transparency, transparent words could be expected to be decoded more accurately than opaque words. Thus, error frequencies on words with different degrees of complexity in their grapheme- phoneme correspondences were compared in the study. The results reveal that error frequencies can only partly be explained by the degree of word transparency. Instead, contextual factors also seem to be relevant, something which previous studies by the author have indicated.
Adaptive Image‐Space Sampling for Gaze‐Contingent Real‐time Rendering

With ever‐increasing display resolution for wide field‐of‐view displays—such as head‐mounted displays or 8k projectors—shading has become the major computational cost in rasterization. To reduce computational effort, we propose an algorithm that only shades visible features of the image while cost‐effectively interpolating the remaining features without affecting perceived quality. In contrast to previous approaches we do not only simulate acuity falloff but also introduce a sampling scheme that incorporates multiple aspects of the human visual system: acuity, eye motion, contrast (stemming from geometry, material or lighting properties), and brightness adaptation. Our sampling scheme is incorporated into a deferred shading pipeline to shade the image's perceptually relevant fragments while a pull‐push algorithm interpolates the radiance for the rest of the image. Our approach does not impose any restrictions on the performed shading. We conduct a number of psycho‐visual experiments to validate scene‐ and task‐independence of our approach. The number of fragments that need to be shaded is reduced by 50 % to 80 %. Our algorithm scales favorably with increasing resolution and field‐of‐view, rendering it well‐suited for head‐mounted displays and wide‐field‐of‐view projection.
Predicting business unit performance using employee surveys: monitoring HRM-related changes

Organisations are increasingly using strategy tools such as workforce scorecards to keep track of human resource management related change processes that have been implemented and the effects of these on business unit performance. However, in this area, the challenge of finding appropriate indicators, establishing temporal relationships and providing useful management information still remains. Using longitudinal archival data from 171 branches of a large financial service organisation, this study examines to what extent employee surveys can serve as a predictor of better financial performance at the branch level. Results from a series of models in AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structures) showed that a significant part of branch profits could be predicted using employee surveys after correcting for prior profits. Based on extrapolation to all branches of this organisation, the changes in employee survey scores predict higher yearly profits of 178 million euros (17.9 per cent of the total yearly profits) across the entire company. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Resistance to Cotrimoxazole and Other Antimicrobials among Isolates from HIV/AIDS and Non-HIV/AIDS Patients at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania

Bacterial resistance has increased in the AIDS era and is attributed to the widespread use of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis against opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS patients. In Tanzania, cotrimoxazole prophylaxis has been used for more than ten years. Little is known, however, about its impact on the spread of antibiotic resistance in HIV positive patients. This cross-sectional study was done to compare magnitude of bacterial resistance to cotrimoxazole and other antimicrobials among isolates from HIV infected patients on cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and those not on prophylaxis and non-HIV patients attending Bugando Medical Centre (BMC). Susceptibility testing on obtained urine and swab specimens followed Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute, 2010, Guidelines. Of 945 samples collected, 155 had positive bacterial growth after 24 hours of incubation. Of the positive samples (72), 46.4% were from HIV positive patients. The common isolates were E. coli 41.3% (64/155), Klebsiella pneumoniae 17.5% (27/155), and Staphylococcus aureus 16.1% (25/155). Overall, bacterial resistance to cotrimoxazole was 118 (76.1%); among isolates from HIV patients bacterial resistance was 54 (75%), and for isolates from HIV patients on prophylaxis bacterial resistance was 36 (81.3%). HIV seropositivity and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis are not associated with antibiotic resistance observed in bacteria infecting patients attending BMC, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Preservation of hematopoietic properties in transplanted bone marrow cells in the brain

Recent studies have described the possible transdifferentiation of bone marrow cells (BMC) into neurons and glia when they migrate to the brain. However, we have reported that some immature BMC migrating into the brain parenchyma after bone marrow transplantation express early hematopoietic markers but not neural or glial markers. The present study further characterizes transplanted BMC that migrate to the brain. Double immunolabeling confirmed that BMC migrating to the brain expressed hematopoietic but not neural markers, such as nestin, microtubule‐associated protein‐2 and glial fibrillary acidic protein, even 4 and 18 weeks after bone marrow transplantation. BMC that expressed green fluorescent protein also expressed hematopoietic but not neural markers when cultured with mixed brain cells according to double immunolabeling and single‐cell dissection using a laser. Analysis of the DNA content indicated that most of the migrated BMC were arrested at the G0/G1 phase, and aneuploidy or tetraploidy was undetectable. Thus, BMC that migrate to the brain probably have preserved hematopoietic properties under physiological conditions. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SoundGrasp: A Gestural Interface for the Performance of Live Music

This paper documents the first developmental phase of an interface that enables the performance of live music using gestures and body movements. The work included focuses on the first step of this project: the composition and performance of live music using hand gestures captured using a single data glove. The paper provides a background to the field, the aim of the project and a technical description of the work completed so far. This includes the development of a robust posture vocabulary, an artificial neural network-based posture identification process and a state-based system to map identified postures onto a set of performance processes. The paper is closed with qualitative usage observations and a projection of future plans.