Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive effects of false heart-rate feedback.

This experiment was concerned with some of the cognitive effects of internal events. The objective was to ascertain whether the labeling of emotional stimuli would be affected by information concerning internal reactions. Ss viewed 10 slides of seminude females while hearing sounds that were allegedly their heart beats. 1 group of Ss heard their "heart rates" increase markedly to 5 of the slides and not change to the other 5; a 2nd group of Ss heard a marked decrease in the bogus heart rate to S of the slides and no change to the other S. In comparison with the slides to which Ss did not hear a change in the bogus rate, the slides to which they heard a marked change, whether increased or decreased, were (a) rated significantly more attractive during the experiment proper and during a disguised interview conducted 4-5 wk. later, and (b) chosen significantly more as remuneration for experimental participation. Although there is considerable evidence that emotional states are accompanied by physiological changes (Duffy, 1962; Woodworth & Schlosberg, 1962), until recently there was little indication that these internal events facilitate the development of emotional behavior. Several experiments have now shown that emotional behavior is affected by the experimental manipulation of sympathetic activity. Emotional behavior is more readily learned when the sympathetic nervous system is intact than when it is surgically enervated (Wynne & Solomon, 1955), and more readily manifested during epinephrine-induced states of sympathetic activation than during states of relative inactivation (Latane & Schachter, 1962; Schachter & Singer, 1962; Schachter & Wheeler, 1962; Singer, 1963). In an attempt to account for the influence of autonomic arousal on emotional behavior, Schachter (1964) has emphasized the importance of the cognitive effects of internal events. Within his cognitive-physiological theory of emotion, physiological changes are considered to function as stimuli or cues and are represented cognitively as feelings or sensations. These feelings, in turn, arouse further cognitive activity in the form of attempts to identify the situation that precipi1 This research was conducted at Duke University while the author was a National Institutes of Health Postdoctoral Fellow in the Research Training Program in Sciences Related to the Central Nervous System,
Confidence, knowledge, and compliance with emergency evacuation

Hurricane Katrina vividly showed that policy compliance can be a life-or-death matter in times of natural disasters. Although a substantial number of emergency management studies examined the determinants of evacuation compliance, they largely focused on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Research in policy implementation shows that public confidence in government institutions and knowledge about policies implemented are critical factors for securing compliance from target populations. Building upon this literature, we examine whether confidence and knowledge factors can predict compliance behaviors with policies of disaster response. Our analysis of a nationwide survey indicates that confidence in Federal Emergency Management Agency significantly increases the probability of compliance with evacuation orders. Individuals with better knowledge of local disaster response plans are also more likely to comply with evacuation orders than others. These findings suggest that enhancing the effectiveness of disaster management policy may require a fundamentally different approach with a new focus on institutional capacity and process.
Learning to Produce Knowledge - the Contribution of Mentoring

This paper is a discussion of mentoring in the context of knowledge productivity in organisations. Links are made between the perspective of organisations as knowledge productive, the theory of situated learning and the developmental strategy of mentoring as a basis for arguing that mentoring has a distinctive contribution to make to organisations whose success is dependent upon being knowledge productive. Learning at work is conceptualised in terms of a corporate curriculum, an inclusive concept which recognises the diverse ways in which people learn in an organisational environment. In particular, learning in and through a mentoring relationship is viewed as contributing to a person's ability to be knowledge productive.
Adaptive Automation for Human Supervision of Multiple Uninhabited Vehicles: Effects on Change Detection, Situation Awareness, and Mental Workload

Human operators supervising multiple uninhabited air and ground vehicles (UAVs and UGVs) under high task load must be supported appropriately in context by automation. Two experiments examined the efficacy of such adaptive automation in a simulated high workload reconnaissance mission involving four subtasks: (a) UAV target identification; (b) UGV route planning; (c) communications, with embedded verbal situation awareness probes; and (d) change detection. The results of the first “baseline” experiment established the sensitivity of a change detection procedure to transient and nontransient events in a complex, multi-window, dynamic display. Experiment 1 also set appropriate levels of low and high task load for use in Experiment 2, in which three automation conditions were compared: manual; static automation, in which an automated target recognition (ATR) system was provided for the UAV task; and adaptive automation, in which individual operator change detection performance was assessed in real time and used to invoke the ATR if and only if change detection accuracy was below a threshold. Change detection accuracy and situation awareness were higher and workload was lower for both automation conditions compared to manual performance. In addition, these beneficial effects on change detection and workload were significantly greater for adaptive compared to static automation. The results point to the efficacy of adaptive automation for supporting the human operator tasked with supervision of multiple uninhabited vehicles under high workload conditions.
MILAGRO OBSERVATIONS OF MULTI-TeV EMISSION FROM GALACTIC SOURCES IN THE FERMI BRIGHT SOURCE LIST

We present the result of a search of the Milagro sky map for spatial correlations with sources from a subset of the recent Fermi Bright Source List (BSL). The BSL consists of the 205 most significant sources detected above 100 MeV by the Fermi Large Area Telescope. We select sources based on their categorization in the BSL, taking all confirmed or possible Galactic sources in the field of view of Milagro. Of the 34 Fermi sources selected, 14 are observed by Milagro at a significance of 3 standard deviations or more. We conduct this search with a new analysis which employs newly optimized gamma-hadron separation and utilizes the full eight-year Milagro data set. Milagro is sensitive to gamma rays with energy from 1 to 100 TeV with a peak sensitivity from 10 to 50 TeV depending on the source spectrum and declination. These results extend the observation of these sources far above the Fermi energy band. With the new analysis and additional data, multi-TeV emission is definitively observed associated with the Fermi pulsar, J2229.0+6114, in the Boomerang pulsar wind nebula (PWN). Furthermore, an extended region of multi-TeV emission is associated with the Fermi pulsar, J0634.0+1745, the Geminga pulsar.
The Teso Insurgency Remembered: Churches, Burials and Propriety

Abstract From 1986 to 1993 the Teso region of eastern Uganda experienced a violent insurgency. The insurgency was remembered as a time of brutality, when norms of respect and reciprocity were broken down. Younger men targeted and killed older men, and life retreated inwards. In the years since the insurgency a number of institutional developments have reflected on this experience. A growing number of Pentecostal churches have been established in the region, while charismatic forms of worship have been introduced in Anglican and Catholic churches. Burial societies have been set up and in the local courts the presentation of cases has undergone a change of emphasis. In all these different institutions there has been an attempt to draw a line under the violence of the recent past. A growing emphasis on notions of propriety and respectability – whether in church, in court, or at a burial – was a common theme in the life of Teso villages. In emphasizing new forms of sociality and obligation, churches and burial societies promoted a sense of fortunes restored; a belief that the past could be divorced from the present. At the same time, however, the attempt to draw a line under the past made the insurgency, or rather the memory of the insurgency, a powerful catalyst for change. The article examines the continuing influence the insurgency has over processes of social and political change in Teso. Résumé Entre 1986 et 1993, la région de Teso, dans l'Est de l'Ouganda, a été le théâtre d'une insurgence violente. Le souvenir de cette insurgence est celui d'une période de brutalité caractérisée par une désintégration des normes de respect et de réciprocité. Des hommes jeunes visaient et tuaient des hommes âgés, et la vie se repliait vers l'intérieur. Au cours des années qui ont suivi l'insurgence, un certain nombre d'évolutions institutionnelles ont reflété cette expérience. Les églises pentecôtistes ont été de plus en plus nombreuses à s'établir dans la région, tandis que des formes de culte charismatiques étaient introduites dans les églises anglicanes et catholiques. Des sociétés de funérailles ont été mises en place et, dans les tribunaux locaux, la présentation des affaires a connu un changement d'orientation. Dans toutes ces diverses institutions, il y a eu une tentative de tirer un trait sur la violence du passé récent. Parmi les thèmes communs identifiés dans la vie des villages teso figurait l'importance croissante accordée aux notions de propriété et de respectabilité (que ce soit à l'église, au tribunal ou aux funérailles). En privilégiant de nouvelles formes de socialite et d'obligation, les églises et les sociétés de funérailles favorisaient le sens d'un retour à la prospérité; l'idée que le passé pouvait être dissocié du présent. Or, dans le même temps, la tentative de tirer un trait sur le passé faisait de l'insurgence, ou plutôt du souvenir de l'insurgence, un puissant catalyste de changement. L'article examine l'influence continue de l'insurgence sur les processus de changement social et politique à Teso.
Isoflurane's Effect on Protein Conformation as a Proposed Mechanism for Preconditioning

Persistent alteration of protein conformation due to interaction with isoflurane may be a novel molecular aspect of preconditioning. We preincubated human serum albumin with isoflurane, dialyzed to release agent, and assessed protein conformation. Susceptibility to chemical modification by methylglyoxal and nitrophenylacetate was also examined. Isoflurane had a persistent effect on protein conformation. An increase in the susceptibility of surface residues to chemical modification attended this change in conformation. Modification of isoflurane-treated HSA included intra- and intersubunit cross-linking that may be a consequence of anesthetic-induced changes in multimeric subpopulations. This irreversible effect of isoflurane may represent a mechanism for preconditioning.
Ginsenoside Rg1 Attenuates Cigarette Smoke-Induced Pulmonary Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad Pathway

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process associated with airway remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which leads to progressive pulmonary destruction. Panax ginseng is a traditional herbal medicine that has been shown to improve pulmonary function and exercise capacity in patients with COPD. Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the main active components and was shown to inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study investigated the hypothesis that ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates EMT in COPD rats induced by cigarette smoke (CS) and human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Our data showed that CS or CSE exposure increased expression of the mesenchymal marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and decreased expression of the epithelial marker epithelial cadherin (E-cad) in both lung tissues and HBE cells, which was markedly suppressed by ginsenoside Rg1. Importantly, CS-induced upregulation of TGF-β1/Smad pathway components, including TGF-β1, TGF-βR1, phospho-Smad2, and phospho-Smad3, was also inhibited by ginsenoside Rg1. Additionally, ginsenoside Rg1 mimicked the effect of SB525334, a TGF-βR1-Smad2/3 inhibitor, on suppression of EMT in CSE-induced HBE cells. Collectively, we concluded that ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates CS-induced pulmonary EMT, in both COPD rats and HBE cells, via inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad pathway.
microRNA Expression in Sentinel Nodes from Progressing Melanoma Patients Identifies Networks Associated with Dysfunctional Immune Response

Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) is a main staging biomarker in melanoma and is the first lymph node to drain the tumor, thus representing the immunological site where anti-tumor immune dysfunction is established and where potential prognostic immune markers can be identified. Here we analyzed microRNA (miR) profiles in archival tumor-positive SNBs derived from melanoma patients with different outcomes and performed an integrated analysis of transcriptional data to identify deregulated immune signaling networks. Twenty-six miRs were differentially expressed in melanoma-positive SNB samples between patients with disease progression and non-progressing patients, the majority being previously reported in the regulation of immune responses. A significant variation in miR expression levels was confirmed in an independent set of SNB samples. Integrated information from genome-wide transcriptional profiles and in vitro assessment in immune cells led to the identification of miRs associated with the regulation of the TNF receptor superfamily member 8 (TNFRSF8) gene encoding the CD30 receptor, a marker increased in lymphocytes of melanoma patients with progressive disease. These findings indicate that miRs are involved in the regulation of pathways leading to immune dysfunction in the sentinel node and may provide valuable markers for developing prognostic molecular signatures for the identification of stage III melanoma patients at risk of recurrence.
"I'm more in balance": a qualitative study of yoga for patients with chronic neck pain.

OBJECTIVES This study investigated the perceived influence of yoga on body perception and psychosocial aspects of life for patients with chronic neck pain. DESIGN This qualitative study was conducted using semistandardized interviews. SETTING The interventions and interviews took place in a referral center's research department. SUBJECTS Eighteen (18) patients with chronic nonspecific neck pain were recruited from a larger randomized controlled trial of yoga for chronic neck pain. INTERVENTIONS Participants attended 90 minutes of Iyengar yoga once a week for 9 weeks. OUTCOME MEASURES Participants completed a drawing of their neck and shoulder regions to reflect their subjective body perceptions before and after their yoga program. Semistandardized interviews were used to explore their body perception, emotional status, everyday life and coping skills, as well as any perceived changes in these dimensions postparticipation. An interdisciplinary group analyzed the study data using content analysis techniques. RESULTS Participants reported change on five dimensions of human experience: physical, cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and social. Physically, most participants cited renewed body awareness, both during their yoga practice and in their daily lives. Such change was echoed in their postparticipation body drawings. Cognitively, participants reported increased perceived control over their health. Emotionally, they noted greater acceptance of their pain and life burdens. Behaviorally, they described enhanced use of active coping strategies. Finally, socially, they reported renewed participation in an active life. CONCLUSIONS Participants linked yoga to change on all dimensions of human experience, attributing reduced pain levels, increased coping ability, better pain acceptance and increased control to it. Body awareness appeared a key mechanism in these changes.
Pre-cooling for football training and competition in hot and humid conditions

Abstract Pre-cooling studies report positive physiological and performance benefits in laboratory conditions, although research studies have not investigated these reported benefits in ecologically valid team-sport training and competition settings. Accordingly, this study investigated the effect of field-based pre-cooling strategies for professional football players during training and competition in the heat. Ten professional football players from an Australian A-League club performed two training sessions and competitive matches in hot ambient conditions (29±3oC, 78±8% relative humidity) with or without pre-cooling. The pre-cooling intervention involved 20-min of an ice-vest, cold towels and 350 mL ice-slushie drink. Training sessions (n=9) were randomised, and consisted of 2 x 10-min interval training, followed by 6 x 3-min of 5v5 small sided games. Competitions (n=7) involved official A-League matches during the 2009–10 season. Player movement characteristics, core temperature (gastrointestinal), skin temperature, nude mass, heart rate, capillary blood (glucose, K+, Na+, haematocrit), perceptual exertion and thermal stress measures were recorded. No significant differences (P>0.05) were present between conditions for any measure of physical performance, although moderate-large effects for a greater total and relative distance covered during training were present (d > 0.8). While mean skin temperature was reduced following cooling, core temperature was only lower until following the warm-up in training and was even less evident during matches (P>0.05; d < 0.6). However, a smaller change in mass (sweat loss) and reduced perceptual exertion and thermal stress were evident during training following cooling (d > 0.9), although again, to a much lesser extent in matches (d = 0.6). In conclusion, equivocal findings were present for the effects of pre-cooling for professional football players during competitive training and matches in the heat. However, performance and thermoregulatory response trends showed similarities to previous laboratory evidence. The field-based nature of the current study may highlight that the transfer of lab findings to field settings is difficult or the strength of the intervention is diminished by the settings.
Synthesis of 1-acetyl-3-(2-thienyl)-5-aryl-2-pyrazoline derivatives and evaluation of their anticancer activity

In the present study, 1-acetyl-3-(2-thienyl)-5-aryl-2-pyrazoline derivatives (1–6) were synthesized via the ring closure reaction of 1-(2-thienyl)-3-aryl-2-propen-1-ones with hydrazine hydrate in acetic acid. The chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectral data and elemental analyses. MTT assay, analysis of DNA synthesis and caspase-3 activation assay were carried out to determine anticancer effects of the compounds on A549 and C6 cancer cell lines. They exhibited dose-dependent anticancer activity against A549 and C6 cancer cell lines. Anticancer activity screening results revealed that compounds 1, 2 and 4 were the most potent derivatives among these compounds. But anticancer effects of these compounds may result from different death mechanisms in A549 and C6 cell lines.
‘I’m Straight, but I Kissed a Girl’: The Trouble with American Media Representations of Female-Female Sexuality

Nearly 20 years ago, Kitzinger (1987) argued that the shift in psychological research in the 1970s and 1980s toward a liberal-humanistic view of lesbians and gay men as ‘just like’ heterosexuals (rather than intrinsically deviant and pathological) was not, in fact, as positive and progressive as it might have seemed. Rather, she noted that this conceptualization actually reinforced the dominant social order by presenting same-sex sexuality as a matter of private lifestyle, thereby neutralizing its political challenge to heterosexuality. This was, of course, an insidiously effective way of maintaining the social institution of heterosexuality, given that outright condemnation of homosexuals had gradually become less socially acceptable. An analogous critique can and should be made regarding the ‘positive’ and ‘accepting’ portrayals of female same-sex sexuality that have increasingly proliferated in American entertainment media. Over the past 5–10 years, there has been an upsurge of openly lesbian (and less often, bisexual) characters and relationships on American films and television shows (recent films include The Hours, Chasing Amy, But I’m a Cheerleader; Gigli, Lost and Delirious, Everything Relative; television shows include Ellen, ER, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, NYPD Blue, All My Children, Friends, JAG, Melrose Place, Popular, Once and Again, Nip/Tuck, K Street, Coupling, Queer as Folk). More interestingly, however, there have also been numerous depictions of presumably heterosexual women hinting at or experimenting with same-sex sexuality, a phenomenon that has been called ‘heteroflexibility’ (Essig, 2000) (films include Kissing Jessica Stein; 8 Women, Laurel Canyon; Heavenly Creatures, television shows include Ally McBeal, Friends, Will & Grace, Party of Five, Sex and the City – see also the recent Madonna/Britney Spears and Madonna/Christina Aguilera kisses on the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards: ‘Madonna smooches with Britney and Christina’ [MTV, 2003]). On the one hand, feminist psychologists might hopefully surmise that these mass
Prevalence of Ocular Morbidity Among School Adolescents of Gandhinagar District, Gujarat

Objective: To study the prevalence of ocular morbidity (abnormal condition) and various factors affecting it among school attending adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to study abnormal ocular conditions like refractive errors, vitamin A deficiency, conjunctivitis, trachoma, ocular trauma, blephritis, stye, color blindness and pterygium among school adolescents of 10-19 years age in rural and urban areas of Gandhinagar district from January to July, 2009. Systematic sampling was done to select 20 schools having 6th to 12th standard education including 12 schools from rural and 8 from urban areas. Six adolescents from each age year (10-19) were selected randomly to achieve sample size of 60 from each school. In total, 1206 adolescents including 691 boys and 515 girls were selected. Information was collected from selected adolescents by using proforma. Visual acuity was assessed using a Snellen’s chart and all participants underwent an ophthalmic examination carried out by a trained doctor. Results: Prevalence of ocular morbidity among school adolescents was reported 13% (7.8% in boys, 5.6% in girls); with 5.2% have moderate visual impairment. Refractive error was most common ocular morbidity (40%) both among boys and girls. Almost 30% of boys and girls reported vitamin A deficiency in various forms of xerophthalmia. Prevalence of night blindness was 0.91% and of Bitot`s spot 1.74%. Various factors like, illiterate or lower parents’ education, lower socio-economic class and malnutrition were significantly associated with ocular morbidity. Conclusion: Ocular morbidity in adolescents is mainly due to refractive error, moderate visual impairment and xerophthalmia.