Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
States' public welfare expenditures as predictors of state suicide rates.

This exploratory multiple-regression study took its cue from social integration theory to examine the relative importance of state per capita expenditures for public welfare in predicting state suicide rates when controlling for the effects of state divorce rates, state population change rates, and the percentage of persons with annual incomes between $10,000 and $19,999. While the four variables together accounted for . 73 of the explained variance in state suicide rates, the effects of state per capita expenditures for public welfare were not very important when those of the other variables were taken into account. This, however, does not mean that state per capita expenditures for public welfare are inconsequential with respect to state suicide rates, inasmuch as they were inversely related to each of the other three independent variables, each of which was positively related to state suicide rates. This means that state per capita expenditures are indirectly related to suicide--in a negative direction. The implications of the findings for policy and suicide prevention are briefly discussed.
Anurans from the mountain chain Serra do Mar: a critical area for amphibian conservation in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

We present an anuran inventory of the mountain region of the Serra do Mar, Brazil, located in the Atlantic Forest biome. We conducted a fieldwork comprising the major and best well-preserved Atlantic Forest remnants from Brazil, using acoustic and visual nocturnal/diurnal assessments. In total, we recorded 99 anuran species, of which about 70% are endemic to the Atlantic Forest and represent around 20% of all amphibian species described for this biome. The high levels of endemism, the distribution patters and the conservation status of the anuran species turn the mountains of the Serra do Mar into a key conservation region for amphibians within the Atlantic Forest hotspot.
Water Characteristics Assessment, Bioaccumulation and Health Risk Evaluation of Possible Ingestion of Toxic and Essential Metals in Chromidotilapia guntheri Sourced from Ada River, West Africa

: The water ecosystem has been acclaimed to be polluted with various chemicals that may pose possible risks to the biota therein and affect the end consumers who ingest them via the food chain system. This study evaluates the water characteristics, bioaccumulation and non-carcinogenic risk potentials in the ingestion of toxic metals like (Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn and Pb) in Chromidotilapia guntheri from Ada River. Samples were collected for six months (3 months dry and wet correspondingly) to cover the hydrological season. Chromidotilapia guntheri was collected by local fishermen with a local trap. No ethical considerations were needed for this study. Standard methods were used in the determination of the water characteristics. The findings from the study showed that all the parameters were significant (p>0.05) across all the stations studied
Differential Reliance on Feelings in the Present vs. the Future (or Past): Affect as a Decision Making System of the Present

A variety of empirical findings reviewed in this research support the general thesis that the affective system of judgment and decision making is inherently anchored in the present. Building on this thesis, this research advances the specific hypothesis that affective feelings are relied on more (weighted more heavily) in judgments whose outcomes and targets are closer to the present than in those whose outcomes and targets are temporally more distant. Results from five experiments show that temporal proximity (a) amplifies the relative preference for options that are affectively superior and (b) increases the effects of incidental affect on evaluations. These effects are observed when compared to a more distant future as well as to a more distant past, and (c) they appear to be linked to a greater perceived information value of affective feelings in judgments whose outcomes and targets are closer to the present. Theoretical implications are discussed.
The impact of parasitism on resource allocation in a fungal host: the case of Cryphonectria parasitica and its mycovirus, Cryphonectria Hypovirus 1

Abstract Parasites are known to profoundly affect resource allocation in their host. In order to investigate the effects of Cryphonectria Hypovirus 1 (CHV1) on the life‐history traits of its fungal host Cryphonectria parasitica, an infection matrix was completed with the cross‐infection of six fungal isolates by six different viruses. Mycelial growth, asexual sporulation, and spore size were measured in the 36 combinations, for which horizontal and vertical transmission of the viruses was also assessed. As expected by life‐history theory, a significant negative correlation was found between host somatic growth and asexual reproduction in virus‐free isolates. Interestingly this trade‐off was found to be positive in infected isolates, illustrating the profound changes in host resource allocation induced by CHV1 infection. A significant and positive relationship was also found in infected isolates between vertical transmission and somatic growth. This last relationship suggests that in this system, high levels of virulence could be detrimental to the vertical transmission of the parasite. Those results underscore the interest of studying host–parasite interaction within the life‐history theory framework, which might permit a more accurate understanding of the nature of the modifications triggered by parasite infection on host biology.
Working Across Borders: Overcoming Culturally-Based Technology Challenges in Student Global Software Development

Facilitated by the Internet, global software development has emerged as a reality. The use of shared processes and appropriate tools is considered crucial to alleviate some of its issues (e.g., space and time differences), homogenizing the environment of development and interaction, and increasing the likelihood of success. Since 2005, Pace University in the United States has been collaborating with the Institute of Technology of Cambodia (ITC) and the University of Delhi in India to bring students together to work on global software development projects. This paper reports on our experiences and lessons from spring 2007 when the focus was on these students working together on the development of a single software system. One key objective was to investigate how to create a shared and open source tooling environment to support a distributed development process that has evolved over two years. The setting is unique in that it seeks to accommodate students from a mix of established, developing and emerging countries who, as a consequence, have had varying levels of exposure to the Internet and use it in non-similar ways. The findings, lessons and recommendations from our study are reported in this paper. Not surprisingly, when the perceived professional value of assumed dasiaeveryday technologiespsila is dissimilar across cultures, preparation for the communications tooling needs more attention than the engineering tooling. This has important implications for the emphasis placed on dasiaprocesspsila and dasiasoft skillspsila in the respective classrooms, and highlights some challenges facing emerging countries as they strive to become players in the global workforce.
Polar delivery in plants; commonalities and differences to animal epithelial cells

Although plant and animal cells use a similar core mechanism to deliver proteins to the plasma membrane, their different lifestyle, body organization and specific cell structures resulted in the acquisition of regulatory mechanisms that vary in the two kingdoms. In particular, cell polarity regulators do not seem to be conserved, because genes encoding key components are absent in plant genomes. In plants, the broad knowledge on polarity derives from the study of auxin transporters, the PIN-FORMED proteins, in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In animals, much information is provided from the study of polarity in epithelial cells that exhibit basolateral and luminal apical polarities, separated by tight junctions. In this review, we summarize the similarities and differences of the polarization mechanisms between plants and animals and survey the main genetic approaches that have been used to characterize new genes involved in polarity establishment in plants, including the frequently used forward and reverse genetics screens as well as a novel chemical genetics approach that is expected to overcome the limitation of classical genetics methods.
Recovery from “Brain Death”: A Neurologist's Apologia

31 Prologue . 32 Setting the stage Mind-brain relationship . 34 Two basic neurological dogmas . 35 Brain as central integrator of the body . 35 The cortex-consciousness connection . 36 The clinical phenomenon "brain death" as total brain infarction . 39 The philosophical implication "brain death" as death Chaos beneath consensus . 40 Three fundamental approaches . 41 Personal perspective early 1980s . 46 The metaphysics of "brain death" and vegetative state the Thomist article The thought experiment . 48 Rostral extension of the thought experiment persistent vegetative state . 50 A clinical-ethical interlude the calm before the storm . 52 Delayed reactions to the Thomist article . 55 Re-examining the cortical basis of consciousness Consciousness in hydranencephaly . 57
Prediction of key milk biomarkers in dairy cows through milk mid-infrared spectra and international collaborations

At the individual cow level, suboptimum fertility, mastitis, negative energy balance, and ketosis are major issues in dairy farming. These problems are widespread on dairy farms and have an important economic impact. The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the potential of milk mid-infrared (MIR) spectra to predict key biomarkers of energy deficit (citrate, isocitrate, glucose-6 phosphate [glucose-6P], free glucose), ketosis (β-hydroxybutyrate [BHB] and acetone), mastitis ( N -acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase activity [NAGase] and lactate dehydrogenase), and fertility (progesterone); (2) to test alternative methodologies to partial least squares (PLS) regression to better account for the specific asymmetric distribution of the biomarkers; and (3) to create robust models by merging large datasets from 5 international or national projects. Benefiting from this international collaboration, the dataset comprised a total of 9,143 milk samples from 3,758 cows located in 589 herds across 10 countries and represented 7 breeds. The samples were analyzed by reference chemistry for biomarker contents, whereas the MIR analyses were performed on 30 instruments from different models and brands, with spectra harmonized into a common format. Four quantitative methodologies were evaluated to address the strongly skewed distribution of some biomarkers. Partial least squares regression was used as the reference basis, and compared with a random modification of distribution associated with PLS (ran-dom-downsampling-PLS), an optimized modification of distribution associated with PLS (KennardStone-downsampling-PLS), and support vector machine (SVM). When the ability of MIR to predict biomarkers was too low for quantification, different qualitative
Altération des matériaux fluvio-glaciaires, genèse et évolution des sols sur terrasses quaternaires dans la moyenne vallée du Rhône

Au depart, l'idee de travail a ete d'utiliser et de mettre a profit les conditions de terrain un peu exceptionnelles qui existaient dans la moyenne vallee du Rhone pour suivre le developpement au cours du temps-duree des phenomenes d'evolution des materiaux quaternaires rhodaniens et, en particulier, pour etudier les processus d'alteration rubefiante et pour essayer de comprendre la formation des "ultisols". Le but final etait de parvenir a reconstituer la phylogenese, en vue d'expliquer le mode de transformation en sols de ces materiaux fluvio-glaciaires au cours des episodes quaternaires successifs. Dans ce cadre, il s'agissait evidemment de caracteriser au mieux les stades essentiels d'evolution et aussi de cerner les principaux processus qui ont pu se surimposer : evolution ancienne et evolution subactuelle qui concourent, chacune pour leur part, a definir la notion de sol d'equilibre, dont les "vieux sols" observes de nos jours representent la resultante globale.
Cannabidivarin‐rich cannabis extracts are anticonvulsant in mouse and rat via a CB1 receptor‐independent mechanism

Epilepsy is the most prevalent neurological disease and is characterized by recurrent seizures. Here, we investigate (i) the anticonvulsant profiles of cannabis‐derived botanical drug substances (BDSs) rich in cannabidivarin (CBDV) and containing cannabidiol (CBD) in acute in vivo seizure models and (ii) the binding of CBDV BDSs and their components at cannabinoid CB1 receptors.
Title: Deciphering the role of evapotranspiration in declining relative humidity trends over land

9 In recent decades, relative humidity over land ( RH L ) has declined, driving increases in droughts 10 and wildfires. Previous explanations attribute this trend to insufficient moisture advection from 11 the ocean to sustain RH L , but this ignores atmospheric moisture supplied from terrestrial 12 evapotranspiration ( E L ). Importantly, current state-of-the-art climate models underestimate the 13 observed RH L trend, and the cause is not fully understood. Here, we show that relative changes in 14 humidity over land, unaccounted for by ocean advection, are quantitatively equivalent to relative 15 changes in E L on a global scale. This finding is consistent across climate models and climate 16 reanalysis datasets, despite discrepancies in E L trends among them. Differences in E L trends are 17 identified as the primary cause of the RH L bias expressed in climate models. These results 18 suggest that current climate models may overestimate E L intensifications, leading to an 19 underestimation of land-atmosphere drying, with significant implications for accurately 20 predicting droughts, wildfires, and climate adaptation.
Heterotransplantation of small‐cell carcinoma of the lung into nude mice: Comparison of intracranial and subcutaneous routes

We compared and contrasted intracranial (i.c.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) heterotransplantation of small‐cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL) into athymic nude mice. Fresh human SCCL tumor specimens, tumor colonies grown in soft agarose and continuous cell lines were used. Tumors induced by the three types of specimens were similar, but s.c. and i.c. transplants differed. S.c. tumors had longer latent times, were non‐invasive and non‐lethal. l.c. tumors had shorter latent periods, invariably grew in the meninges, frequently invaded and destroyed the underlying brain, and were lethal. The tumor‐inducing dose for i.c. transplantation was 10 to 1,000 times lower than for s.c. transplantation. Pooled colonies of SCCL tumor specimens grown in soft agarose were inoculated i.c. While they contained relatively small numbers of cells (400–10,000), 83% of these colony specimens induced tumors after 58–243 days, confirming the «stem‐cell» origin of the colonies. l.c. and s.c. transplants retained the characteristic morphology of SCCL, and, with one exception, did not metastasize to distant organs. Continous cell lines could be established readily from both types of transplants, and they retained the characteristic cytology, growth and biochemical properties of the original SCCL tumors. l.c. heterotransplantation of SCCL is a useful tool, especially when small numbers of tumor cells are available, and may provide a model to study the biology and therapy of meningeal carcinomatosis.
Recurrent Fallopian Tube Carcinoma: TP53 Mutation and Clinical Course

Primary fallopian tube carcinoma is a rare, aggressive gynecological cancer; little is known about its cause. Previous studies have indicated that p53 immunopositivity is correlated with short-term survival in primary fallopian tube carcinoma. We examined p53 and p21/WAF1 immunostaining and TP53 mutation in exons 5 to 8 by single-stranded conformation polymorphism and constant denaturant gel electrophoresis in nine cases of primary fallopian tube carcinoma and their metastases/recurrences from patients who survived for between a few months and more than 20 years after diagnosis. We found that 1. ) p53 immunopositivity without detectable p21/WAF1 immunostaining did not correlate with TP53 mutations in the conserved domains; 2. ) mutations in TP53 occurred in two metastases/recurrences but not in their corresponding primary tumors; 3. ) in two cancers, a TP53 mutation was observed in the primary tumor but not in the metastases/recurrences; 4. ) constant denaturant gel electrophoresis seems to be more sensitive than single-stranded conformation polymorphism in detecting TP53 mutations; and 5. ) in the nine cases studied, p53 immunoreactivity and/or TP53 mutation analysis did not correlate with tumor progression, survival, or response to treatment.
Reduced Silent Occlusions with a Novel Catheter Infusion Set (BD FlowSmart): Results from Two Open-Label Comparative Studies

Abstract Background: Insulin pump users experience periods of unexplained hyperglycemia. In some cases these may be due to insulin flow interruptions termed “silent occlusions,” which occur without activating the pump alarm and may require set replacement. Materials and Methods: In-line pressure profiles of a novel infusion set with a 6-mm, 28-gauge polymer, dual-ported catheter (BD FlowSmart™; Becton Dickinson and Co., Franklin Lakes, NJ) were compared with those of an existing infusion set (Quick-set®; Medtronic MiniMed, Northridge, CA) in two separate studies involving insulin diluent infusions over 2.5–4.5-h periods in healthy adults without diabetes. Study 1, a pilot study (n = 25), compared the occurrence of flow interruption events (silent occlusions and/or occlusion alarms) between the two infusion sets and between manual or device-assisted insertion methods. Study 2 (n = 60) was designed to show ≥50% reduction in flow interruption events with the BD set after manual insertions. (Silent occlusions were defined by a continuous pressure rise for ≥30 min.) Results: In Study 1, significantly fewer silent occlusions were seen with BD FlowSmart versus Quick-set infusion sets for both manual (three of 22 [13.6%] vs. 12 of 24 [50%]; P = 0.012) and mechanical (two of 24 [8.3%] vs. nine of 25 [36%]; P = 0.037) insertions, yielding risk reductions of 73% (95% confidence interval [CI], 25–91%) and 77% (95% CI, 17–94%), respectively. In Study 2, flow interruption events occurred in three of 117 (2.6%) and 12 of 118 (10.2%) BD FlowSmart and Quick-set infusion sets, respectively, yielding a 75% risk reduction (95% CI, 20–92%; P = 0.030). Percentage of time with flow interruption was significantly lower with BD sets in both studies (P < 0.02). Leakage (>0.5 IU or 5 μL) occurred infrequently and did not differ between sets. Conclusions: A novel side-ported insulin infusion set demonstrated significant reductions in flow interruptions, including silent occlusions, versus a leading marketed set, which may improve insulin delivery.
CATS: Combined Activation and Temporal Suppression for Efficient Network Inference

Brain-inspired event-driven processors execute deep neural networks (DNNs) in a sparsity-aware manner, leading to superior performance compared to conventional platforms. In the pursuit of higher event sparsity, prior studies suppress non-zero events by either eliminating the intra-frame activations (spatially) or leveraging the redundancy in the inter-frame differences for a video (temporally). However, we have empirically observed that simultaneously enhancing activation and temporal sparsity can lead to a synergistic suppression outcome. To this end, we propose an end-to-end event suppression training approach CATS −− C ombined A ctivation and T emporal S uppression for efficient network inference. It utilizes a gradient-based method to search for the optimal temporal thresholds per layer while penalizing the presence of events in both spatial and temporal domains. Our experimental results show that CATS achieves 2 ∼ 6 × higher event suppression compared to the inherent ReLU suppression across a wide range of vision applications, consistently outperforming the state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods by a significant margin at all accuracy levels. Furthermore, a case study on the commercial event-driven processor GrAI-VIP highlights that the induced event sparsity in SSD on the EgoHands dataset can be efficiently translated into a performance enhancement of 2 . 5 × in FPS, 2 . 1 × in latency, and 3 . 8 × in energy consumption, while maintaining the model accuracy.
Protein/DNA interactions involving ATF/AP1‐, CCAAT‐, and HiNF‐D‐related factors in the human H3‐ST519 histone promoter: Cross‐competition with transcription regulatory sites in cell cycle controlled H4 and H1 histone genes

Protein/DNA interactions of the H3‐ST519 histone gene promoter were analyzed in vitro. Using several assays for sequence specificity, we established binding sites for ATF/AP1‐, CCAAT‐, and HiNF‐D related DNA binding proteins. These binding sites correlate with two genomic protein/DNA interaction domains previously established for this gene. We show that each of these protein/DNA interactions has a counterpart in other histone genes: H3‐ST519 and H4‐F0108 histone genes interact with ATF‐ and HiNF‐D related binding activities, whereas H3‐ST519 and H1‐FNC16 histone genes interact with the same CCAAT‐box binding activity. These factors may function in regulatory coupling of the expression of different histone gene classes. We discuss these results within the context of established and putative protein/DNA interaction sites in mammalian histone genes. This model suggests that heterogeneous permutations of protein/DNA interaction elements, which involve both general and cell cycle regulated DNA binding proteins, may govern the cellular competency to express and coordinately control multiple distinct histone genes.
On Snarks that are far from being 3-Edge Colorable

In this note we construct two infinite snark families which have high oddness and low circumference compared to the number of vertices. Using this construction, we also give a counterexample to a suggested strengthening of Fulkerson's conjecture by showing that the Petersen graph is not the only cyclically 4-edge connected cubic graph which require at least five perfect matchings to cover its edges. Furthermore the counterexample presented has the interesting property that no 2-factor can be part of a cycle double cover.
The Association between Asthma and Invasive Pneumococcal Disease: A Nationwide Study in Korea

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between asthma and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Korea. A retrospective population-based cohort study was conducted using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment database 2010-2011. The subjects included 935,106 (2010) and 952,295 (2011), of whom 398 (2010) and 428 (2011) patients with IPD were identified. There was significant difference in the prevalence of IPD in patients with and without asthma (0.07% vs. 0.02% in 2010 and 0.08% vs. 0.01% in 2011; P<0.001). After adjusting for age and gender, patients with asthma showed over a three-fold increased risk of IPD compared with patients without asthma (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.02-5.03 in 2010 / aOR, 5.44; 95% CI, 4.10-7.22 in 2011; P<0.001). These findings were also significant in children (aOR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.25-3.45 in 2010; P=0.005 / aOR, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.74-6.11 in 2011; P<0.001). Although diabetes mellitus was also significantly associated with IPD, relatively low ORs compared with those of asthma were noted (aOR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.35-2.54 in 2010 / aOR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.78-3.24 in 2011; P<0.001). Both children and adults with asthma are at increased risk of developing IPD. Graphical Abstract