Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression of sall4 in taste buds of zebrafish

We characterized the expression of sall4, a gene encoding a zinc finger transcription factor involved in the maintenance of embryonic stem cells, in taste buds of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Using an enhancer trap line (ET5), we detected enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in developing and adult transgenic zebrafish in regions containing taste buds: the lips, branchial arches, and the nasal and maxillary barbels. Localization of EGFP to taste cells of the branchial arches and lips was confirmed by co‐immunolabeling with antibodies against calretinin and serotonin, and a zebrafish‐derived neuronal marker (zn‐12). Transgenic insertion of the ET construct into the zebrafish genome was evaluated and mapped to chromosome 23 in proximity (i.e. 23 kb) to the sall4 gene. In situ hybridization and expression analysis between 24 and 96 h post‐fertilization (hpf) demonstrated that transgenic egfp expression in ET5 zebrafish was correlated with the spatial and temporal pattern of expression of sall4 in the wild‐type. Expression was first observed in the central nervous system and branchial arches at 24 hpf. At 48 hpf, sall4 and egfp expression was observed in taste bud primordia surrounding the mouth and branchial arches. At 72 and 96 hpf, expression was detected in the upper and lower lips and branchial arches. Double fluorescence in situ hybridization at 3 and 10 dpf confirmed colocalization of sall4 and egfp in the lips and branchial arches. These studies reveal sall4 expression in chemosensory cells and implicate this transcription factor in the development and renewal of taste epithelia in zebrafish. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 73: 543–558, 2013
A Comparative Study of Performance Measures for Information Retrieval Systems

Traditional performance measures of information retrieval systems include precision and recall and their variants. While these measures work well in closed-laboratory environments, they are not suitable for practical IR systems such as Web search systems. Many single-value measures were proposed to improve over the precision-recall measure, such as expected search length (ESL), average search length (ASL) and RankPower. We compare in this paper the measures of ESL, ASL, and RankPower applied to a set of real Web retrieval data. The results demonstrate that RankPower indeed is a feasible, effective, and easy-to-use single-value measure for performance of practical IR systems such as Web search engines
Engineering an Anti-Transferrin Receptor ScFv for pH-Sensitive Binding Leads to Increased Intracellular Accumulation

The equilibrium binding affinity of receptor-ligand or antibody-antigen pairs may be modulated by protonation of histidine side-chains, and such pH-dependent mechanisms play important roles in biological systems, affecting molecular uptake and trafficking. Here, we aimed to manipulate cellular transport of single-chain antibodies (scFvs) against the transferrin receptor (TfR) by engineering pH-dependent antigen binding. An anti-TfR scFv was subjected to histidine saturation mutagenesis of a single CDR. By employing yeast surface display with a pH-dependent screening pressure, scFvs having markedly increased dissociation from TfR at pH 5.5 were identified. The pH-sensitivity generally resulted from a central cluster of histidine residues in CDRH1. When soluble, pH-sensitive, scFv clone M16 was dosed onto live cells, the internalized fraction was 2.6-fold greater than scFvs that lacked pH-sensitive binding and the increase was dependent on endosomal acidification. Differences in the intracellular distribution of M16 were also observed consistent with an intracellular decoupling of the scFv M16-TfR complex. Engineered pH-sensitive TfR binding could prove important for increasing the effectiveness of TfR-targeted antibodies seeking to exploit endocytosis or transcytosis for drug delivery purposes.
Skin Vaccination against Cervical Cancer Associated Human Papillomavirus with a Novel Micro-Projection Array in a Mouse Model

Background Better delivery systems are needed for routinely used vaccines, to improve vaccine uptake. Many vaccines contain alum or alum based adjuvants. Here we investigate a novel dry-coated densely-packed micro-projection array skin patch (Nanopatch™) as an alternate delivery system to intramuscular injection for delivering an alum adjuvanted human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine (Gardasil®) commonly used as a prophylactic vaccine against cervical cancer. Methodology/Principal Findings Micro-projection arrays dry-coated with vaccine material (Gardasil®) delivered to C57BL/6 mouse ear skin released vaccine within 5 minutes. To assess vaccine immunogenicity, doses of corresponding to HPV-16 component of the vaccine between 0.43±0.084 ng and 300±120 ng (mean ± SD) were administered to mice at day 0 and day 14. A dose of 55±6.0 ng delivered intracutaneously by micro-projection array was sufficient to produce a maximal virus neutralizing serum antibody response at day 28 post vaccination. Neutralizing antibody titres were sustained out to 16 weeks post vaccination, and, for comparable doses of vaccine, somewhat higher titres were observed with intracutaneous patch delivery than with intramuscular delivery with the needle and syringe at this time point. Conclusions/Significance Use of dry micro-projection arrays (Nanopatch™) has the potential to overcome the need for a vaccine cold chain for common vaccines currently delivered by needle and syringe, and to reduce risk of needle-stick injury and vaccine avoidance due to the fear of the needle especially among children.
Parents’ Experiences Navigating Intervention Systems for Young Children With Mild Language Delays

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of parents of children with mild language delays who were referred to an Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) birth-to-3 or preschool program, were determined not eligible for services, and were referred on to a community-based program for short-term speech-language therapy. Interviews were conducted in the parents’ preferred language (10 Spanish, 10 English). A grounded theory approach was applied to identify emergent themes. Results indicated that the process of recognizing a developmental delay, receiving assessment results, and enrolling in services presents challenges that require parents to demonstrate engagement and advocacy throughout. This study highlights parents’ motivations for seeking out early intervention services and underscores the importance of understanding parents’ experiences navigating developmental service systems. Program planners can partner with parents to address barriers and also capitalize on successes to facilitate timely response to developmental concerns, appropriate referrals, and effective interventions.
Worth 1000 Words: The Effect of Social Cues on a Fundraising Campaign in a Government Agency. A

Giving has been shown by many studies to be a social phenomenon. However, while people may desire to conform to the donation of others, it is unclear how fundraisers should take advantage of this. In this paper we conduct a field experiment in a workplace, in which employees are sent prominent messages from a colleague who is already a donor. We find that signups for workplace giving more than double when a picture of the existing donor is displayed, relative to a message without a picture. <br>
Capacity of neural networks with discrete synaptic couplings

The authors study the optimal storage capacity of neural networks with discrete local constraints on the synaptic couplings Jij. Models with such constraints include those with binary couplings Jij=+or-1 or Jij=0, 1, quantised couplings with larger synaptic range, e.g. Jij=+or-1/L, +or-2/L, . , +or-1 and, in the limit, continuous couplings confined to the hypercube mod Jij mod <or=1 ('box confinement'). They find that the optimal storage capacity alpha ( kappa ) is best determined by the vanishing of a suitably defined 'entropy' as calculated in the replica symmetric approximation. They also extend their results to cases with biased memories and make contact with sparse coding models.
Family and its Changing Perceptions Amongst South Asian Muslims Living in London Since1960

The present study deals with the changing perceptions about family as a social unit amongst South Asian Muslims living in London since 1960. It begins with a discussion of the background of South Asian Muslims and the history of Muslims immigrants in Britain in the early years of 1960. The ideal structure of the family as the basic unit of human society in the Islamic notion is also explained in the light of these changing perceptions. A qualitative method has been selected for this study. Three families and nine participants were interviewed for this research. Three participants were selected from each family as the representing members of three different generations. The study explores the relationships between individuals of the three generations. The research also found that the primary reason behind the differences of opinions is cultural, for the Islamic point of view most of them agree on family gnomes. There is a gap found in generations, this gap extended gradually and there is a big gap between first and third generation. The key finding of the research is that there is a gap in the relationship amongst the three generations due to the differences of opinions and perceptions. The differences are not only an outcome but reflect the growing cultural distancing of the East and the West. There is a cultural evolution found in the South Asian Muslims, which has affected the third generation of immigrant families most vastly. As a result, a new culture is emerging in Britain, which could be called the ‘British Muslim Culture’, which is diverse in nature and contains traces of both Eastern and Western cultures.
A comparative study of American, Japanese, and Taiwanese early childhood teachers’ perceptions of clean-up time

The purpose of this study was to examine similarities and differences of American, Japanese, and Taiwanese kindergarten teachers’ perspectives about clean-up time. The participants consisted of two female American kindergarten teachers in the southeastern US, two female Japanese kindergarten teachers on the main island, and two female Taiwanese kindergarten teachers from central Taiwan, all of whom teach four-year-olds. Qualitative analysis of the data yielded four themes regarding teachers’ views of clean-up time: teaching cleaning-up methods, the developmental stages, the extension of play, and reflection of one’s own practical knowledge and skills. These teachers perceived clean-up time was more than just a transitional time. The implications for early childhood education are presented.
Divisions of Research & Statistics and Monetary Affairs Federal Reserve Board , Washington , D . C . The Empirical Implications of the Interest-Rate Lower Bound

Using Bayesian methods, we estimate a nonlinear DSGE model in which the interest-rate lower bound is occasionally binding. We quantify the size and nature of disturbances that pushed the U.S. economy to the lower bound in late 2008 as well as the contribution of the lower bound constraint to the resulting economic slump. Compared with the hypothetical situation in which monetary policy can act in an unconstrained fashion, our estimates imply that U.S. output was more than 1 percent lower, on average, over the 2009–2011 period. Moreover, around 20 percent of the drop in U.S. GDP during the recession of 2008-2009 was due to the interest-rate lower bound. We show that the estimated model generates lower bound episodes that resemble salient characteristics of the observed U.S. episode, including its expected duration.
Evolutionary Algorithms, Fuzzy Logic and Artificial Immune Systems applied to Cryptography and Cryptanalysis: State-of-the-art review

The need and importance of secure information communication, particularly text, image and video transmission has made cryptography to take a larger space in current research era. Improvement of pictorial information for betterment of human perception involves de-blurring, de-noising and safe transmission. These applications extend over several fields such as satellite imaging, medical imaging etc. Specifically we would like to elaborate our research on the significance of computational intelligence as one of the domains which finds application in cryptography and information security, and then the relevance of cryptography is indeed unavoidable. This paper deals with the study of the requirements for strong cryptography and various computational intelligence techniques that find use in cryptography. Cryptanalysis is a well-studied problem with many important applications in the areas of error-free and secure data transmission. In this paper, we have reviewed the improved algorithms used for cryptography optimization; the algorithms under reviews integrate genetic algorithms, immune computing, crossover and mutation operators and fuzzy systems to maintain the diversity and optimization of candidate objects. These computational intelligence techniques have seen to greatly improve the fitness levels of candidate groups in cryptography. Lastly, we make detailed comparison between these methods and those cryptography techniques without computational intelligence.
Cultural intelligence and work-related outcomes: A meta-analytic review

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Task Type Affects Location of Language-Positive Cortical Regions by Repetitive Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Mapping

Objectives Recent repetitive TMS (rTMS) mapping protocols for language mapping revealed deficits of this method, mainly in posterior brain regions. Therefore this study analyzed the impact of different language tasks on the localization of language-positive brain regions and compared their effectiveness, especially with regard to posterior brain regions. Methods Nineteen healthy, right-handed subjects performed object naming, pseudoword reading, verb generation, and action naming during rTMS language mapping of the left hemisphere. Synchronically, 5 Hz/10 pulses were applied with a 0 ms delay Results The object naming task evoked the highest error rate (14%), followed by verb generation (13%) and action naming (11%). The latter revealed more errors in posterior than in anterior areas. Pseudoword reading barely generated errors, except for phonological paraphasias. Conclusions In general, among the evaluated language tasks, object naming is the most discriminative task to detect language-positive regions via rTMS. However, other tasks might be used for more specific questions.
On the Existence of Jets in the Recurrent Nova T Pyxidis

Recently, it has been claimed that the recurrent nova T Pyxidis exhibits oppositely directed jets of ejecta apparent in features seen in Hα emission. Here we demonstrate that these features are in fact emission in the [N II] lines that lie on either side of Hα and arise from the expanding shell associated with this object rather than from collimated jets. We estimate an expansion velocity along a line of sight through the center of the shell of about 500 km s-1.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REFORMED TEACHING AND STUDENTS’ CREATIVITY IN A CHINESE MIDDLE SCHOOL

Current education reform in both the United States and China promotes a reformed inquiry-based approach based on the constructivist learning theory. This study contributes to the research literature by exploring the relationship between reformed science teaching and students’ creativity. Chinese education is often criticized for a lack of creativity by some news media (Stack, 2011). This study was designed to explore the creativity of students and the extent to which inquiry instruction is used in the science classroom. The study used a convenience sample of two classes from a middle school located in Wuhu city, Anhui province, China. A total of 120 students and 3 science teachers participated. A mixed-methods research approach was adopted for integrated explanation. Student surveys, the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT), Verbal, Reformed Teaching Observation Protocol (RTOP), and semi-structured interview were utilized as research tools for collecting quantitative and qualitative data. The findings indicate that there was a positive relationship between reformed teaching and students’ creativity (F (2, 117) = 19.760, p<. 001). Classroom observation generally indicated that the participating teachers were skillful at promoting conceptual understanding and provoking high-level thinking. However, evidence of student-centered instruction was less apparent. The semi-structured interviews with participating teachers showed a positive attitude toward inquiry-based teaching but also revealed several challenges. The findings from the Verbal TTCT and classroom observation provided evidence of Chinese students’ creativity. Directions for future research are provided.
The Role of PPARs in Cancer

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. PPARα is mainly expressed in the liver, where it activates fatty acid catabolism. PPARα activators have been used to treat dyslipidemia, causing a reduction in plasma triglyceride and elevation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. PPARδ is expressed ubiquitously and is implicated in fatty acid oxidation and keratinocyte differentiation. PPARδ activators have been proposed for the treatment of metabolic disease. PPARγ2 is expressed exclusively in adipose tissue and plays a pivotal role in adipocyte differentiation. PPARγ is involved in glucose metabolism through the improvement of insulin sensitivity and represents a potential therapeutic target of type 2 diabetes. Thus PPARs are molecular targets for the development of drugs treating metabolic syndrome. However, PPARs also play a role in the regulation of cancer cell growth. Here, we review the function of PPARs in tumor growth.
Achievable Rates for the Fading MIMO Broadcast Channel with Imperfect Channel Estimation

In most practical scenarios of multiuser wireless communications, only an estimate of the channel parameters that differs from the true channel is available. In this paper, we examine the effects of imperfect channel estimation at both transmitter and all receivers on the capacity region of the multiuser Fading MIMO Broadcast Channel. We derive an achievable rate region with the assumption of Gaussian inputs and Dirty-paper coding (DPC) scheme. Our results, for uncorrelated Rayleigh fading, provide intuitive insights on the impact of the channel estimate and the channel characteristics (e.g. SNR, fading distribution, training sequence length) on the achievable rates. These are useful for a system designer to assess the amount of training data to achieve a target pair of rates using a DPC scheme with imperfect channel estimation. We provide numerical results for a two-users MIMO Broadcast Channel with maximum-likehood (ML) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) channel estimation. Results illustrate an interesting practical trade-off between the benefit of an elevated number of transmit antennas and the amount of training, and its impact to the performance of the DPC scheme.
Models to calculate safety and reliability parameters for embedded systems

This paper intends to demonstrate that embedded systems have to fulfil high safety and reliability requirements if they are implemented in safety loops. It describes reliability and safety methods especially for the SIL classification of hardware components. Mathematical equations determine safety parameters using the Weibull distribution. Further two types of models are demonstrated: safety architectures with and without redundancy. Since the industrial experience has shown that special architectures such as 1oo1, 1oo2 or 2oo4 are necessary, relevant equations are shown in this paper. Safety considerations must take into account both hardware and software. The measures required for the SIL classification will also be shown in this paper.
Fast hybrid relocation in large scale metric-topologic-semantic map

Navigation in large scale environments is challenging because it requires accurate local map and global relocation ability. We present a new hybrid metric-topological-semantic map structure, called MTS-map, that allows a fine metric-based navigation and fast coarse query-based localisation. It consists of local sub-maps connected through two topological layers at metric and semantic levels. Semantic information is used to build concise local graph-based descriptions of sub-maps. We propose a robust and efficient algorithm that relies on MTS-map structure and semantic description of sub-maps to relocate very fast. We combine the discriminative power of semantics with the robustness of an interpretation tree to compare the graphs very fast and outperform state-of-the-art-techniques. The proposed approach is tested on a challenging dataset composed of more than 13000 real world images where we demonstrate the ability to relocate within 0.12ms.
Deterministic Population Protocols for Exact Majority and Plurality

In this paper we study space-efficient deterministic population protocols for several variants of the majority problem including plurality consensus. We focus on space efficient majority protocols in populations with an arbitrary number of colours C represented by k-bit labels, where k = ceiling (log C). In particular, we present asymptotically space-optimal (with respect to the adopted k-bit representation of colours) protocols for (1) the absolute majority problem, i.e., a protocol which decides whether a single colour dominates all other colours considered together, and (2) the relative majority problem, also known in the literature as plurality consensus, in which colours declare their volume superiority versus other individual colours. The new population protocols proposed in this paper rely on a dynamic formulation of the majority problem in which the colours originally present in the population can be changed by an external force during the communication process. The considered dynamic formulation is based on the concepts studied by D. Angluin et al. and O. Michail et al. about stabilizing inputs and composition of population protocols. Also, the protocols presented in this paper use a composition of some known protocols for static and dynamic majority.