Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of particle size of the main cereal of the diet on egg production , gastrointestinal tract traits , and body measurements of brown laying hens

The influence of the screen size used to grind the main cereal of the diet on egg production, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development, and body measurements was studied in hens from 17 to 49 wk of age. Diets formed a 2 x 5 factorial with 2 main cereals (corn vs. barley) and 5 screen sizes of the cereal (4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 mm). Each treatment was replicated 5 times. No interactions between main cereal and screen size were observed for any of the traits studied. Cereal type and screen size did not affect feed intake, egg production, BW gain, or quality traits of the eggs. Eggs tended to be larger (P = 0.092) in hens fed the barley diet than in hens fed the corn diet. Also, feed conversion ratio tended to increase (P = 0.081) when the cereal of the diet was ground with a 4-mm screen as compared with the average of the other diets. At 49 wk of age, the rela-
Follicular lymphoma with deposits of amorphous hyaline material

FOLLIC ULAR lymphoma, although originally described as a non-neoplastic condition (Brill, Baehr and Rosenthal, 1925; Symmers, 1927) is now regarded as a specific morphological type of malignant lymphoma and is a well-established clinico-pathological entity (Gall, Morrison and Scott, 1941 ; Symmers, 1942; Wetherley-Mein et al., 1952; Rappaport, Winter and Hicks, 1956; Wright, 1956; Dorfman, 1964; Rappaport, 1966). There is evidence that it is associated with better prognosis than corresponding types of malignant lymphoma with diffuse pattern (Rappaport et al., 1956; Dorfman, 1964; Jones, Kaplan and Rosenberg, 1972), and that it is uncommon in the coloured races (Dorfman, 1964; Talerman, 1970). Although firm diagnostic criteria have now been established (Rappaport et al., 1956; Wright, 1956; Dorfman, 1964; Rappaport, 1966), the diagnosis at times may be difficult and confusion may arise, usually with reactive follicular hyperplasia, and occasionally with benign mediastinal lymphoid hyperplasia (Castleman, 1954; Castleman, Iverson and Menendez, 1956), lymphoid hamartoma (Lattes and Pachter, 1962) or angiomatous lymphoid hamartoma (Tung and MacCormack, 1967). We have recently encountered a case of typical follicular lymphoma exhibiting deposits of amorphous hyaline material in the centres of the follicles. No reports describing the presence of deposits of amorphous hyaline material in cases of follicular lymphoma were found in the literature.
Brand Attachment and Brand Loyalty: The Moderating Role of Nostalgic Connections

The development of the client portfolio has become at the heart of the business policies of companies. Managers are increasingly paying attention to their brand strategies and are focusing on strengthening the brand-consumer relationship. The objective of this paper is to study the relationship between the dimensions of brand attachment and the dimensions of fidelity while analysing the moderating role of nostalgic connections on this relationship. An empirical study was carried out on an accidental sample of 210 people. The results of structural modelling relate the positive and significant impact of addictive attachment on attitudinal and behavioural fidelity, while the attachment of friendship has a negative impact on both dimensions of loyalty. The moderating role of nostalgic connections has been rejected because of the inconsistency between the desire to recall a period of life or a person with the quality (happy or unhappy) of the period in question.
Macroeconomic Effects of Inflation Targeting: Evidence from the Middle and High-Income Countries

By employing Propensity Score Matching analysis, this study aims first to show how inflation targeting affects macroeconomic indicators in middle and high-income countries, and second highlights whether the global financial crisis has created a change in the way that inflation targeting impacts on them. Results prove that adopting inflation targeting increases the real GDP and budget deficit, and decreases the current account deficit. However, its effect on inflation is puzzling. The high-income inflation targeters should be careful about implementing the strategy and inflation targeting should be accompanied by the fiscal policy either in middle or in high-income countries.
Migrants and Firms: Evidence from China

This paper estimates the causal impact of rural migrant inflows on urban firms in China between 1998 and 2007. We combine international agricultural commodity price shocks with a gravity model to isolate exogenous variation in rural-to-urban migration. Using a census of above-scale firms covering most of the manufacturing sector, we find that migrant inflows decrease labor costs, and increase employment at destination. As capital does not adjust, the labor supply shift strongly affects the factor mix for the average urban firm. There are wide disparities across firms: employment growth is concentrated on capital-rich, private and exporting firms. Overall, rural-urban migration alleviates labor misallocation across production units of the same sector and fosters manufacturing growth. JEL codes: D24; J23; J61; O15. *Imbert: Warwick University, clemimbert@gmail.com; Seror: PSE, marlon.seror@ens.fr; Zhang: CUHK, yifan.zhang@cuhk.edu. hk; Zylberberg: University of Bristol, yanos.zylberberg@bristol.ac. uk. We are grateful to Samuel Bazzi, Loren Brandt, Holger Breinlich, Gharad Bryan, Juan Chen, Giacomo De Giorgi, Maelys De La Rupelle, Taryn Dinkelman, Christian Dustmann, Giovanni Facchini, Greg Fischer, Richard Freeman, Albrecht Glitz, Doug Gollin, Andre Groeger, Flore Gubert, Naijia Guo, Marc Gurgand, Marieke Kleemans, Jessica Leight, Florian Mayneris, David McKenzie, Dilip Mokherjee, Joan Monras, Albert Park, Sandra Poncet, Markus Poschke, Simon Quinn, Mark Rosenzweig, Gabriella Santangelo, Michael Song, Jon Temple, Christine Valente, Thomas Vendryes, Chris Udry and Chris Woodruff for useful discussions and comments. We also thank participants in Bristol, CUHK, Harvard, Manchester, Oxford, Nottingham, St Andrews, St Gallen, Warwick and the Yale Agri-Devo Conference, the China Economic Summer Institute, the CEPR “Labor Markets in Developing Countries” Workshop, NEUDC, the BGSE Summer Forum, the European Economic Association meetings in Geneva for helpful comments. The usual disclaimer applies.
Do Precious and Industrial Metals Act as Hedges and Safe Havens for Currency Portfolios?

This study explores whether metals act as hedges and safe havens for currency investing portfolios. Three widely used currency investment strategies: carry, momentum and value are adopted. The empirical results argue that gold and silver do exhibit hedge and safe haven properties for all three strategies. Silver works as a strong hedge during extreme market conditions. However, these hedge and safe haven properties became weaker after the year 2000. We also find that industrial metals do not work as either hedges or safe havens for carry portfolios.
Immunometabolic Phenotype Alterations Associated with the Induction of Disease Tolerance and Persistent Asymptomatic Infection of Salmonella in the Chicken Intestine

The adaptation of Salmonella enterica to the eukaryotic host is a key process that enables the bacterium to survive in a hostile environment. Salmonella have evolved an intimate relationship with its host that extends to their cellular and molecular levels. Colonization, invasion, and replication of the bacteria in an appropriate host suggest that modification of host functions is central to pathogenesis. Intuitively, this subversion of the cell must be a complex process, since hosts are not inherently programmed to provide an environment conducive to pathogens. Hosts have evolved countermeasures to pathogen invasion, establishment, and replication through two types of defenses: resistance and tolerance. Resistance functions to control pathogen invasion and reduce or eliminate the invading pathogen. Research has primarily concentrated on resistance mechanisms that are mediated by the immune system. On the other hand, tolerance is mediated by different mechanisms that limit the damage caused by a pathogen’s growth without affecting or reducing pathogen numbers or loads. The mechanisms of tolerance appear to be separated into those that protect host tissues from the virulence factors of a pathogen and those that limit or reduce the damage caused by the host immune and inflammatory responses to the pathogen. Some pathogens, such as Salmonella, have evolved the capacity to survive the initial robust immune response and persist. The persistent phase of a Salmonella infection in the avian host usually involves a complex balance of protective immunity and immunopathology. Salmonella is able to stay in the avian ceca for months without triggering clinical signs. Chronic colonization of the intestinal tract is an important aspect of persistent Salmonella infection because it results in a silent propagation of bacteria in poultry stocks due to the impossibility to isolate contaminated animals. Data from our lab promote the hypothesis that Salmonella have evolved a unique survival strategy in poultry that minimizes host defenses (disease resistance) during the initial infection and then exploits and/or induces a dramatic immunometabolic reprogramming in the cecum that alters the host defense to disease tolerance. Unfortunately, this disease tolerance results in the ongoing human food safety dilemma.
International Conference on Very Large Data Bases , 9 ( 3 )

Debugging data processing logic in Data-Intensive Scalable Computing (DISC) systems is a difficult and time consuming effort. Today’s DISC systems offer very little tooling for debugging programs, and as a result programmers spend countless hours collecting evidence (e.g., from log files) and performing trial and error debugging. To aid this effort, we built Titian, a library that enables data provenance— tracking data through transformations—in Apache Spark. Data scientists using the Titian Spark extension will be able to quickly identify the input data at the root cause of a potential bug or outlier result. Titian is built directly into the Spark platform and offers data provenance support at interactive speeds—orders-of-magnitude faster than alternative solutions—while minimally impacting Spark job performance; observed overheads for capturing data lineage rarely exceed 30% above the baseline job execution time.
Mechanism Analysis for Moisture-Induced Failure in IC Packages

The moisture-induced delamination in IC packages is considered as the consequence of the rapid nucleation and growth of the microvoids or microcracks at interfaces during the reflow soldering. Therefore, the representative volume element (RVE) approach, by which the micro-void effect can be taken into consideration, is introduced in this paper. A theoretical model is established to calculate the vapor pressure generated anywhere in plastic materials during reflow. A delamination criterion is postulated, in which two parameters are introduced, namely, the internal vapor pressure, and the local void volume fraction, respectively. The vapor pressure behaves as an external loading at interfaces when delamination takes place. A method is provided to estimate the initial vapor pressure at delaminated area by the extension of the model developed here. A rigid-plastic model is adopted to analyze the package bulging, and the limit pressure that leads the package to collapse is obtained.
TRAINING NATURAL LANGUAGE GENERATION MOD- ELS

We study an interesting problem in training neural network-based models for natural language generation tasks, which we call the representation degeneration problem. We observe that when training a model for natural language generation tasks through likelihood maximization with the weight tying trick, especially with big training datasets, most of the learnt word embeddings tend to degenerate and be distributed into a narrow cone, which largely limits the representation power of word embeddings. We analyze the conditions and causes of this problem and propose a novel regularization method to address it. Experiments on language modeling and machine translation show that our method can largely mitigate the representation degeneration problem and achieve better performance than baseline algorithms.
PRESENTING CLINICAL AND LABORATORY DATA OF CHILDHOOD ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA

Background Leukemia is the most prevalent childhood cancer and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) constitutes 75% of all cases. The most frequent presenting symptoms are fever, weight loss and pallor. Early detection of clinical symptoms positively affects timely diagnosis. The objectives of the present study were to assess frequency of presenting symptoms, laboratory data, immune phenotypes and prognostic factors in children with diagnosis of ALL. Materials and Methods We performed a prospective follow-up study of 100 patients aged 1-16 years diagnosed with ALL, admitted to Shahid Sadoughi hospital pediatrics ward from March 2006 to February 2010. Demographic and biochemical data were obtained from their medical record. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.1. 3 software. Results The mean of patients’ ages was 9 years. Complete blood cell count was abnormal in all of the patients, and pancytopenia was detected in 27% of the patients. Of all the patients, 25% had abnormal white blood cell (WBC) count at presentation, 37% had leucopenia and 38% had leukocytosis. WBC count was above 50,000/mm3 in 22% of cases. Anemia was detected in 85% of the patients. There was no significant sex difference, but a significant age difference existed among patients (p < .05). According to flowcytometry results, 61% of patients had T-cell and 39% had B-cell immune phenotype. The frequency of undesirable prognostic factors was more in T-cell than the Bcell group, but this difference was only significant for male patients (p<0.05). The most common presenting symptoms were systemic symptoms, which comprised of lethargy and malaise in 81%, anorexia in 72%, pallor in 69% and fever in 59% of cases. Musculoskeletal system was the most common system involved. Conclusion In our study, T-cell immune phenotypes comprised the most frequent form of ALL in children. The presence of male sex and high WBC count could make its outcome worse. However, on time chemotherapy could alter the outcome of these patients.
[Prognostic factors related to breast cancer survival].

OBJECTIVE To evaluate prognostic factors for breast cancer in Mexican women. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four hundred and thirty two women with breast cancer, admitted from 1990 to 1999 to the General Hospital of Mexico, were included to evaluate their survival using the Kaplan-Meier technique and Cox proportional hazard method. RESULTS Overall 5-year survival was 58.9%. The shortest survival rate corresponds to the clinical stage (IIIB, 47.5%; IIIA, 44.2%; and IV, 15%), the haematological metastasis (21.4%) and surgical edges with positive tumor (12.5%). Lymph node-positive (RR, 1.9; IC95%, 1.3-2.8), clinical stage IV (RR, 14.8; IC95%, 5.5-39.7) and surgical edges with positive tumor (RR, 2.4; IC95%, 1.2-4.8) were the central prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS These results give consistency to diagnostic and therapeutic criteria for women with breast cancer who receive medical attention in Mexico, taking into consideration the characteristics of the tumor -such as extension, clinical stage and status of the lymph nodes- before making a decision as to the initial therapy.
No Difference in Root Canal Instrumentation of the Apical Third Between Reciproc ® and Waveone ®

Most instrumentation techniques leave 35% or more of the root canal wall non-instrumented due to the oval shape of the apical third of the root canal wall. Oscillation movement instruments have claimed to clean the whole area of the root canal wall while maintaining the original canal shape during preparation. Objective: To compare the non-instrumented area at the apical third of the root canal wall after preparation using Reciproc® and WaveOne® oscillation instruments. Method: The pulp tissues of 32 human mandibular premolars were removed and the root canals were filled with China ink. Of these teeth, 16 were instrumented with the R25 Reciproc® instrument with VDW Silver Reciproc® endomotor. The other 16 teethwere instrumented with the WaveOne® Primary 25/08 file with WaveOne® endomotor. Roots were bisected longitudinally in a buccolingual direction, photographed, and analyzed using Adobe Photoshop CS5 software. The apical third of the canal walls were evaluated for total canal wall area versus remnant non-instrumented area on which China ink remained. Results: WaveOne® had a lower percent of non-instrumented area than Reciproc®, but this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.27). Conclusion: There are no significant difference between the percentage of non-instrumented area at the apical third of the root canal wall after instrumentation by Reciproc® and WaveOne®. While the observed differences were not significant, root canal walls instrumented by WaveOne® had a lower percent of noninstrumented area. Experimental article (J Int Dent Med Res 2017; 10(Special Issue): pp. 793-799)
Staff nurses' perceptions of job empowerment and level of burnout: a test of Kanter's theory of structural power in organizations.

Kanter's structural theory of organizational behavior was used as framework to explore the relationship between perceptions of power and opportunity and level of burnout in a sample of 87 hospital staff nurses. Data were collected using a modified version of the Conditions for Work Effectiveness Questionnaire (Chandler, 1986) and the Human Services Survey (Maslach & Jackson, 1986). Consistent with Kanter's theory, perceived access to power and opportunity was significantly related to the three aspects of burnout: level of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization (r = -.3419, p = .004; r = -.2931, p = .02), and personal accomplishments (r = .3630, p = .002). The results of this study are useful for nurse administrators positioned to create organizational structures than empower staff nurses and subsequently decrease burnout.
Afirma Benign Thyroid Nodules Show Similar Growth to Cytologically Benign Nodules During Follow-Up.

CONTEXT The Afirma gene expression classifier (GEC) is a molecular diagnostic test that has a high negative predictive value for ruling out malignancy in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology. Many patients with a cytologically indeterminate and GEC benign (Cyto-I/GEC-B) nodule undergo monitoring instead of diagnostic surgery, but few data describe their follow-up. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine the sonographic changes and clinical outcomes for patients with Cyto-I/GEC-B nodules compared with patients with cytologically benign (Cyto-B) nodules. DESIGN This was a retrospective analysis of consecutive Cyto-I/GEC-B nodules evaluated at Brigham and Women's Hospital compared with Cyto-B nodules. MAIN OUTCOMES Nodule growth of 20% or greater in two dimensions or of 50% or greater in volume, change in sonographic features, and rates of repeat fine-needle aspiration, thyroidectomy, and malignancy. RESULTS Ninety-five Cyto-I/GEC-B nodules in 90 patients were identified. Five patients underwent primary surgical resection. Of the remaining 90 nodules, 58 (64.4%) had sonographic follow-up available at a median of 13 months (range 4-40 mo). Cyto-I/GEC-B nodules showed similar growth compared with 1224 Cyto-B nodules using either of the following criteria: 20% or greater in two dimensions (8.6% vs 8.3%, P = .80) or 50% or greater in volume (17.2% vs 13.8%, P = .44). Thyroidectomies were more frequent in the Cyto-I/GEC-B group (13.8% vs 0.9%, P < .0001), but cancer was found in only one patient, with no evidence of persistent disease after initial treatment. CONCLUSIONS Cyto-I/GEC-B nodules demonstrate similar growth to Cyto-B nodules during follow-up. Although Cyto-I/GEC-B nodules were more frequently resected, only one malignancy was found. These data suggest that reassessment of Cyto-I/GEC-B nodules may be performed similarly to those with benign cytology.
Longevity of biventricular defibrillators: not all devices are created equal.

This editorial refers to ‘Longevity of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators for cardiac resynchronization therapy in current clinical practice: an analysis according to influencing factors, device generation, and manufacturer’ by M. Landolina et al. , on page 1251–1258. The biomedical industry has been facing a technological challenge for developing cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillators (CRT-Ds) because of the multiple requirements involving power supply and consumption. The batteries need to provide low-voltage output for frequent pacing, while being able to rapidly charge capacitors to deliver high-power shocks. The cells need to be efficient and have a high energy density in order to minimize the total volume of the generator, which are amongst the bulkiest of all cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Discharge profiles need to be consistent in order to predict elective replacement and end-of-life. Demands on power consumption have been increasing as the complexity of device functions has been evolving, now including a number of diagnostic and telemetric functions. Production costs need to be contained, without compromising the quality and reliability of this life-saving therapy. As indications for CRT-D have broadened to include patients with mild heart failure,1 life expectancy of this population has outgrown that of the devices they are implanted with. In the MADIT-CRT (Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy) trial, which included patients with NYHA I-II heart failure, 7-year survival in patients with left bundle branch block randomized to the CRT-D group was 82%. 2 If one assumes that CRT-D device longevity is 5 years, 88% of this patient population would have to undergo a generator replacement. This procedure is associated with major complications in 6% of the patients, which is greater than that observed with single- …
'Questerviews': using questionnaires in qualitative interviews as a method of integrating qualitative and quantitative health services research

Objectives: Multi-method approaches are increasingly advocated in health services research (HSR). This paper examines the use of standardised self-completion questionnaires and questions, during in-depth interviews, a technique termed 'questerviews'. Methods: 'Questerview' techniques were used in four empirical studies of health perceptions conducted by the authors. The studies included both standardised self-completion questions or questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Respondents were tape-recorded while they completed the standardised questionnaires and were encouraged to discuss their definitions of terms and responses to items in-depth. In all studies, 'questerviews' were fully transcribed and data analysis involved the scrutinising of transcripts to identify emergent themes. Results: Responses to the standardised items led to rich sources of qualitative data. They proved to be useful triggers as respondents discussed their understanding and definitions of terms, often explaining their responses with stories from their own experiences. The items triggered detailed exploration of the complex factors that comprise health, illness and healthcare seeking, and gave considerable insight into the ways in which people respond to standardised questions. Apparently simple questions and response categories conceal considerable complexity. Conclusions: Inclusion of standardised survey questions in qualitative interviews can provide an easy and fruitful method to explore research issues and provide triggers to difficult or contested topics. Well designed and validated questionnaires produce data of immense value to HSR, and this value could be further enhanced by their use within a qualitative interview. We suggest that the technique of 'questerviews' is a tangible and pragmatic way of doing this.