Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of the c‐erbB‐2/neu–encoded p185 protein in primary lung cancer

The c‐erbB‐2/neu gene encodes a transmembrane protein of 185 kDa (p185) with tyrosine kinase activity and extensive sequence homology to epidermal growth factor receptor. Amplification and overexpression of the c‐erbB‐2/neu gene has been shown in certain human tumors and is postulated to be important in human carcinogenesis. High levels of expression of the c‐erbB‐2/neu gene have been reported in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and primary tumors from the United States. Since geographical and cultural factors may contribute to the development of certain types of cancer, we examined p185 expression in 120 tumors from Chinese patients with lung cancers of different cell types and used immunohistochemical staining to determine the extent and general significance of p185 expression in human primary lung cancer. Our results demonstrate that 58.8% of the NSCLCs expressed p185 and that expression of p185 was observed only in NSCLC and not in small‐cell lung cancers. Thirty‐three of 41 adenocarcinomas and 24 of 55 squamous cell carcinomas among the NSCLCs examined were found to express p185 at levels different from those of normal lung. For the squamous cell carcinomas, p185 expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01), but for the adenocarcinomas, it was not (P > 0.05). In addition, expression of p185 in NSCLC was significantly more frequent in patients in advanced clinical stages. Our findings indicate that p185 expression is a frequent event and a general phenomenon in NSCLC and is correlated with poor clinical prognostic indicators, suggesting that expression of p185 may be of potential prognostic importance in NSCLC. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cross-Language Authorship Attribution

This paper presents a novel task of cross-language authorship attribution (CLAA), an extension of authorship attribution task to multilingual settings: given data labelled with authors in language X, the objective is to determine the author of a document written in language Y , where X is different from Y . We propose a number of cross-language stylometric features for the task of CLAA, such as those based on sentiment and emotional markers. We also explore an approach based on machine translation (MT) with both lexical and cross-language features. We experimentally show that MT could be used as a starting point to CLAA, since it allows good attribution accuracy to be achieved. The cross-language features provide acceptable accuracy while using jointly with MT, though do not outperform lexical features.
Sexual objectification and its consequences on body image and social interaction

Sexual Objectification and Its Consequences on Body Image and Social Interaction. (August 2006) Analesa N. Clarke, B.A., Pennsylvania State University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Marisol Perez The current study examined the psychological consequences of trait and state self objectification. This study had three main objectives: to examine the relation between trait self objectification and various eating pathologies; to examine the degree of state self objectification (induced by three different conditions) and the impact of condition on affect and sense of self; and finally, to examine the effect of condition on interactions with the opposite sex. The pilot study was used to select thin, thin sexually objectifying and average/plus size non-sexually objectifying images. Using a quasi-experimental research design with an elaborate cover story, the main study exposed one hundred seventy women to one of three conditions (thin non sexually objectifying, thin sexually objectifying or plus size non-sexually objectifying images) and measured negative affect and body image. Following viewing images, participants interacted with a male confederate for five minutes and their reported comfort level and flirting with the confederate were assessed. Results indicated that trait self objectification was associated with disordered eating symptomatology. However, the manipulation check revealed that the experimental condition did not produce varying degrees of sexual objectification. Nonetheless, results indicate an effect of condition on body dissatisfaction, in which
Retrial queueing model with time-phased batch arrivals

A novel retrial multi-server queueing model with batch arrival of customers is considered. In contrast to the standard batch arrival when a whole batch arrives into the system at one epoch, we assume that the customers of a batch arrive one-by one in exponentially distributed times. Service time is exponentially distributed. Flow of batches is the stationary Poisson arrival process. Batch size distribution is geometric. The number of batches, which can be admitted into the system simultaneously, is subject of control. Analysis of the joint distribution of the number batches and customers in the system is implemented using the tool of the multi-dimensional asymptotically quasi-Toeplitz Markov chains.
Economics of Criminal Behavior: Survey and Bibliography

The present Working Paper is a draft of what will be a section in the Encyclopedia of Law & Economics. It covers the theory and empirical studies of criminal behavior, including compliance. About 300 entries are included in the bibliographic part, only some of which are explicitly commented on in the survey. Other sections in the Encyclopedia will cover literature on optimal punishment, special types of sanctions, such as capital punishment, and particular types of crime, such as tax avoidance.
A linear programming approach to stability , optimisation and performance analysis for Markovian multiclass queueing networks ★

Our object of study is a multiclass queueing network (MQNET) which consists of a collection of (connected) single-server stations. Exogenous arrivals into the system form independent Poisson streams, service times are exponential and we have Markovian routing of customers between stations. Recent results concerning linear programming (LP) based approaches enable us to establish a simple and intuitive stability condition. This is of interest in its own right, but also enables us to progress with a study of optimal scheduling and performance analysis. Our methodology here is also based on LP. A primal–dual approach exploits the fact that the system satisfies (approximate) conservation laws to yield performance guarantees for a natural index-based scheduling heuristic. We are also able to analyse the performance of an arbitrary priority policy.
A multisteering trailer system: conversion into chained form using dynamic feedback

This paper examines the kinematic model of an autonomous mobile robot system consisting of a chain of steerable cars and passive trailers, linked together with rigid bars. The state space and kinematic equations of the system are defined, and it is shown how these kinematic equations may be converted into a multiinput chained form. The advantages of the chained form are that many methods are available for the open-loop steering of such systems as well as for point-stabilization; some of these methods are discussed here. Dynamic state feedback is used to convert the system to this multiinput chained form. It is shown how the dynamic state feedback that is used in this paper corresponds to adding, in front of the steerable cars, a chain of virtual axles which diverges from the original chain of trailers. Two different example systems are also presented, along with simulation results for a parallel-parking maneuver.
On the Distribution of the Subset Sum Pseudorandom Number Generator on Elliptic Curves

Given a prime $p$, an elliptic curve $\E/\F_p$ over the finite field $\F_p$ of $p$ elements and a binary \lrs\ $\(u(n)\)_{n =1}^\infty$ of order~$r$, we study the distribution of the sequence of points $$ \sum_{j=0}^{r-1} u(n+j)P_j, \qquad n =1,. , N, $$ on average over all possible choices of $\F_p$-rational points $P_1,. , P_r$ on~$\E$. For a sufficiently large $N$ we improve and generalise a previous result in this direction due to E. ~El~Mahassni.
PENGARUH LKS BERBASIS PROJECT BASED LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA SISWA KELAS X SMA N 13 PADAN

The low physics learning outcomes of students in SMA N 13 Padang because students who have not mastered the concept. The cause is rarely student practicum and worksheets are used not lead students to think creatively and independently, so it need worksheets that can lead students to think creatively and independently. One type of worksheets that can be used to overcome these problems is worksheets based Project Based Learning. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the effect of worksheets based Project Based Learning on learning outcomes physics class X SMA N 13 Padang on the competence of knowledge, attitudes, and skills. This research is a Quasi-Experimental Researc with design Randomized Control Only Group Design. The population in this research were all students in the tenth grade at SMA N 13 Padang enrolled in the academic year 2014/2015. Sampling was determined through purposive sampling technique. The instrument in this research is the ultimate test for competency knowledge, attitudes observation sheet for competence, and performance assessment sheets for competency skills. Data were analyzed by using test the equality of two average. The results shows that the competence of knowledge, the average value of the final test experimental class is 77.03 while the control class 66.09. On the attitude of competence, the average value of the experiment showed a very good grade while good control class. On competency skills, the average value of the experimental class is 85.56 while the control class 81.28. Therefore, the working hypothesis which states that "there is significant influence implementation of worksheets based Project Based Learning on learning outcomes physics class X SMA N 13 Padang on the competence of knowledge, attitudes, and skills" can be accepted at the 0.05 significance level. Thus worksheets based Project Based Learning can improve physics learning outcomes of students in competency knowledge, attitudes, and skills
Attachment representations in late-adopted children: the use of narrative in the assessment of disorganisation, mentalising and coherence of mind

Late-adopted children have often suffered a wide range of deprivations in their pre-adoption lives. These early adverse experiences can have a negative effect on children’s attachment representations even after they have been adopted. This study assesses the attachment representations of 61 late-adopted children over the first year of placement, exploring the risk and protective factors of age at placement, length of adoption and gender. The attachment representations were captured using the Manchester Completion Attachment Story Task (MCAST), a doll-play narrative that provides four different attachment classifications – secure, avoidant, ambivalent and disorganised – and three global scorings for disorganisation, mentalising and coherence of mind. The age of adoption was negatively associated with disorganisation, while length of placement was positively correlated with mentalising. Males seemed to be more vulnerable to insecurity and disorganisation than females. The data also suggested that for children placed after the attachment-sensitive phase, the longer the time spent in the adoptive families and being female were protective factors. Moreover, attachment narratives seemed to be a useful tool to explore the inner world of late-adopted children from the first year of placement.
The distribution of absorption in AGN detected in the XMM–Newton observations of the CDFS

We have used very deep XMM-Newton observations of the Chandra Deep Field-South to examine the spectral properties of the faint active galactic nucleus (AGN) population. Crucially, redshift measurements are available for 84 per cent (259/309) of the XMM-Newton sample. We have calculated the absorption and intrinsic luminosities of the sample using an extensive Monte Carlo technique incorporating the specifics of the XMM-Newton observations. 23 sources are found to have substantial absorption and intrinsic X-ray luminosities greater than 10 44 erg s -1 , putting them in the 'type-2' QSO regime. We compare the redshift, luminosity and absorption distributions of our sample to the predictions of a range of AGN population models. In contrast to recent findings from ultradeep Chandra surveys, we find that there is little evidence that the absorption distribution is dependent on either redshift or intrinsic X-ray luminosity. The pattern of absorption in our sample is best reproduced by models in which ∼75 per cent of the AGN population is heavily absorbed at all luminosities and redshifts.
Cricothyroidotomy: do not compare small apples to big oranges.

To the Editor:—Naguib et al. have presented a clinically relevant study of arterial saturation values after preoxygenation and different doses of suxamethonium, and discuss their results using the extensive reports relevant to this topic. Unfortunately, they perhaps did not search the published work back to times before the pulse oximeter was introduced. Before the pulse oximeter, the Hewlett Packard ear oximeter (Waltham, MA) was used to measure arterial oxygen saturation continuously. Although clumsy, it was accurate and gave reliable results. We used this device to be the first to report changes in oxygen saturation, measured continuously, at induction of anesthesia. We recorded arterial oxygen saturation in patients who were given thiopental and suxamethonium (although in greater doses than those used by Naguib et al.) and described the effects of preoxygenation. We showed convincingly that desaturation was more likely in obese patients and that even a small mask leak markedly impaired the efficacy of oxygenation. Naguib et al. suggested “shunting” as a reason for the hypoxemia they found, particularly in obese patients. This is not the most probable explanation. As they acknowledge, in anesthetized obese subjects, functional residual capacity is small, often close to residual volume, as shown in the study by Damia et al. In these circumstances, oxygen stores are small, and desaturation occurs more quickly as the small alveolar oxygen content decreases. This effect is shown clearly in the model predictions of Hardman et al. This model, which was more complete than the model studies considered by Naguib et al., showed much more rapid desaturation with a small functional residual capacity than with a greater pulmonary shunt.
Comparison of Educational and Occupational Aspirations of Rural Youth from Farming Families of Kerala and Rajasthan

Aspirations act as key motivator in success of any individual. Lower aspirations are often ascribed as one of the reasons for lower achievement of any individual including the rural youth. Two hundred youth respondents from farming families of Kerala and Rajasthan were interviewed to analyze their educational and occupational aspirations and the effect of sociocultural and economic factors on aspirations. The results revealed that only a small fraction of youth were interested in agriculture and allied industries in both of these states. The study found that socio--cultural factors influenced the educational and occupational aspirations of the respondents. A significant variation between the aspirations of respondents of both states was observed in the study. Certain social factors viz teachers, relatives & neighbours, media and social acceptance had more influence on respondents in one state than other, indicating the importance of socio-cultural factors prevailing in the society. The study has also highlighted that aspiration is one of the important element influencing the youth educational and occupational preference and hence, should be analyzed in harmony with other elements to enable more rational and scientific policies in this context.
IFN-γ Signaling to Astrocytes Protects from Autoimmune Mediated Neurological Disability

Demyelination and axonal degeneration are determinants of progressive neurological disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Cells resident within the central nervous system (CNS) are active participants in development, progression and subsequent control of autoimmune disease; however, their individual contributions are not well understood. Astrocytes, the most abundant CNS cell type, are highly sensitive to environmental cues and are implicated in both detrimental and protective outcomes during autoimmune demyelination. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in transgenic mice expressing signaling defective dominant-negative interferon gamma (IFN-γ) receptors on astrocytes to determine the influence of inflammation on astrocyte activity. Inhibition of IFN-γ signaling to astrocytes did not influence disease incidence, onset, initial progression of symptoms, blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity or the composition of the acute CNS inflammatory response. Nevertheless, increased demyelination at peak acute disease in the absence of IFN-γ signaling to astrocytes correlated with sustained clinical symptoms. Following peak disease, diminished clinical remission, increased mortality and sustained astrocyte activation within the gray matter demonstrate a critical role of IFN-γ signaling to astrocytes in neuroprotection. Diminished disease remission was associated with escalating demyelination, axonal degeneration and sustained inflammation. The CNS infiltrating leukocyte composition was not altered; however, decreased IL-10 and IL-27 correlated with sustained disease. These data indicate that astrocytes play a critical role in limiting CNS autoimmune disease dependent upon a neuroprotective signaling pathway mediated by engagement of IFN-γ receptors.
Saffold Cardiovirus Infection in Children Associated With Respiratory Disease and Its Similarity to Coxsackievirus Infection

Background: Saffold virus (SAFV) is a newly discovered virus belonging to the genus Cardiovirus of the family Picornaviridae. Using molecular techniques, SAFV has been detected, although infrequently, in the stools of both healthy and diarrheic children and in respiratory specimens collected from children with respiratory disease. The epidemiology and pathogenicity of SAFV remain unclear. Methods: Between July 2009 and October 2010, nasopharyngeal specimens were collected from children with acute respiratory infections. The collected samples were used to isolate respiratory viruses, including coxsackievirus, by cell culture and were tested for SAFV by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results: SAFV genotype 2 (SAFV2) was detected in 54 (3.5%) of the 1525 children tested. SAFV2 detections showed an epidemic pattern for a 4-month period with a peak in October 2009. The median age of the SAFV2-positive children was 4 years (range: 7 months–16 years). Among the 35 SAFV2-positive children, excluding cases of viral coinfection, 13 (37.1%) had pharyngitis, 12 (34.3%) had tonsillitis, and 8 (22.8%) had herpangina. Bronchitis and gastroenteritis were detected in 1 case each. Fever (temperature, >38°C) was noted in 33 (94.3%) cases. The median duration of fever was 2 days (range: 1–3 days). Diarrhea was observed in 7 (20.0%) children, but watery and frequent diarrhea was not common. The age distribution and clinical diagnoses associated with SAFV2 infections were similar to those observed with coxsackievirus B4 infections, which detections showed an epidemic pattern during the study period. Conclusion: SAFV2 is a cause of upper respiratory tract illness that exhibits a pathogenicity similar to that of coxsackievirus B.
Upregulation of Forebrain NMDA NR2B Receptors Contributes to Behavioral Sensitization after Inflammation

Transgenic overexpression of NMDA NR2B receptors in forebrain regions increased behavioral responses to persistent inflammatory pain. However, it is not known whether inflammation leads to the upregulation of NR2B receptors in these regions. Here, we show that peripheral inflammation increased the expression of NMDA NR2B receptors and NR2B receptor-mediated synaptic currents in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In freely moving mice, the increase in NR2B receptors after inflammation contributed to enhanced NMDA receptor-mediated responses in the ACC. Inhibition of NR2B receptors in the ACC selectively reduced behavioral sensitization related to inflammation. Our results demonstrate that the upregulation of NR2B receptors in the ACC contributes to behavioral sensitization caused by inflammation.
Molecular dynamics simulations of peptides containing an unnatural amino acid: Dimerization, folding, and protein binding

We have performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the dimerization, folding, and binding to a protein of peptides containing an unnatural amino acid. NMR studies have shown that the substitution of one residue in a tripeptide β‐strand by the unnatural amino acid Hao (5‐HO2CCONH‐2‐MeO‐C6H3‐CO‐NHNH2) modifies the conformational flexibility of the β‐strand and the hydrogen‐bonding properties of its two edges: The number of hydrogen‐bond donors and acceptors increases at one edge, whereas at the other, they are sterically hindered. In simulations in chloroform, the Hao‐containing peptide 9 (i‐PrCO‐Phe‐Hao‐Val‐NHBu) forms a β‐sheet–like hydrogen‐bonded dimer, in good agreement with the available experimental data. Addition of methanol to the solution induces instability of this β‐sheet, as confirmed by the experiments. MD simulations also reproduce the folding of the synthetic peptide 1a (i‐PrCO‐Hao‐Ut‐Phe‐Ile‐Leu‐NHMe) into a β‐hairpin–like structure in chloroform. Finally, the Hao‐containing peptide, Ac‐Ala‐Hao‐Ala‐NHMe, is shown to form a stable complex with the Ras analogue, Rap1 A, in water at room temperature. Together with the available experimental data, these simulation studies indicate that Hao‐containing peptides may serve as inhibitors of β‐sheet interactions between proteins. Proteins 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Double ureter and duplex system: a cadaver and radiological study.

PURPOSE To study the prevalence of duplex system and double ureter in cadavers and intravenous pyelograms in Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty cadavers were dissected and 50 intravenous pyelograms were examined on both (right and left) sides for the presence of duplex system and double ureter. RESULTS One male cadaver aged 43 years showed complete double ureter and duplex system on the right side and incomplete double ureter and duplex system on the left side. Another male cadaver aged 56 years showed incomplete double ureter and duplex system only on the right side. An intravenous pyelogram of a 43-year-old man showed incomplete double ureter along with duplex system on the right side. CONCLUSION Developmental anomalies of the kidney, ureter, and urinary bladder should be kept in mind and promptly detected before the manifestations of aforementioned complications increase the morbidity of the affected individuals.
Geometry of the unit ball and representation theory for operator algebras

We investigate the relationship between the facial structure of the unit ball of an operator algebra A and its algebraic structure, including the hereditary subalgebras and the socle of A. Many questions about the facial structure of A are studied with the aid of representation theory. For that purpose we establish the existence of reduced atomic type representations for certain nonselfadjoint operator algebras. Our results are applicable to C*-algebras, strongly maximal TAF algebras, free semigroup algebras and various semicrossed products.