Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms and Related Risk Factors among Physicians in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Physicians’ poor mental health not only hinders their professional performance and affects the quality of healthcare provided but also adversely affects patients’ health outcomes. Few studies in China have evaluated the mental health of physicians. The purposes of this study are to quantify Chinese physicians’ anxiety and depressive symptoms as well as evaluate associated risk factors. Methods In our study, 2641 physicians working in public hospitals in Shenzhen in southern China were recruited and interviewed by using a structured questionnaire along with validated scales testing anxiety and depressive symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors for anxiety and depressive symptoms. Results An estimated 25.67% of physicians had anxiety symptoms, 28.13% had depressive symptoms, and 19.01% had both anxiety and depressive symptoms. More than 10% of the participants often experienced workplace violence and 63.17% sometimes encountered it. Among our study population, anxiety and depressive symptoms were associated with poor self-reported physical health, frequent workplace violence, lengthy working hours (more than 60 hours a week), frequent night shifts (twice or more per week), and lack of regular physical exercise. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that anxiety and depressive symptoms are common among physicians in China, and the doctor-patient relationship issue is particularly stressful. Interventions implemented to minimize workload, improve doctor-patient relationships, and assist physicians in developing healthier lifestyles are essential to combat anxiety and depressive symptoms among physicians, which may improve their professional performance.
Field-line reconnection and density fluctuations in Zeta

An outstanding problem in the behaviour of the Zeta plasma is the origin of the fluctuations of density; it has been shown experimentally that they do not arise directly from the observed turbulent motions of the plasma, and there is no known instability which can produce them directly. It is proposed that they arise as a by-product of resistive instabilities through their action in cross-connecting lines of force belonging to magnetic surfaces at different radii. This idea is developed quantitatively and it is shown that it predicts fluctuation levels in reasonable agreement with experiment. This result is interpreted as giving support to the tangled discharge model of the Zeta plasma.
Bag of sub-graphs for video event recognition

Recognizing video events has been a very active field of interest. The diversity of videos captured in complex environments and under difficult conditions makes the event recognition a challenging task. In this paper, we present a video event recognition method which exploits the power of graphs for representing the structural organization of the features and the success of the Bag-of-Words approach. Our method combines the Scale Invariant Feature Transform and the Space-Time Interest Point features to characterize the video. To model the spatio-temporal relations among these features, a graph-based representation is used for each video. Then, the video is indexed based on a histogram of frequent sub-graphs. To evaluate our method, we have used the Columbia Consumer Video dataset. The experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed method.
Rate of recovery in motor and sensory fibres of the radial nerve: clinical and electrophysiological aspects1

Electromyography and conduction studies in motor and sensory fibres were performed in 58 patients with different types of radial nerve injury. The site of nerve injury was predicted by clinical and electromyographic findings and correlated with changes in conduction, thereby permitting a more exact classification of the type of nerve injury. In patients with Saturday-night palsy, there was considerable slowing of conduction in both motor and sensory fibres across the presumed site of the lesion with return to normality within six to eight weeks. These observations suggest that local demyelination is the cause of nerve palsy. There were changes in sensory conduction even when there was no sensory deficit clinically, with no difference in susceptibility of motor and sensory fibres to ischaemia. In patients with radial nerve palsy secondary to fracture of the humerus, out-growth in motor and sensory fibres was equal and estimated to be about 1 mm per day. When the radial nerve palsy was attributed to traction or mild blunt injury the site of lesion was based on clinical and electromyographic findings. The rate of conduction in motor and sensory fibres was normal, suggesting that axonal damage was the cause of paresis, with sparing of some of the fastest conducting fibres.
Prevalence of diabetic foot ulceration and associated risk factors: an old and still major public health problem in Khartoum, Sudan?

BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) is a major health problem across the globe. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of DFU and its associated risk factors in Sudanese individuals with diabetes. METHODS Three hundred and ten individuals with type 2 diabetes, who have been on treatment for DM for at least 1 year and volunteered to participate, were enrolled in this study. Participants were interviewed using standardized pretested questionnaire to record medical history, socio-demographic, life style characteristics and presence of DFU. RESULTS The prevalence of DFU was found to be 18.1% in this cohort (95% CI: 13.78-22.34%). Among different metabolic variants like hypertension, albuminuria, retinopathy, neuropathy, HbA1c, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride, only duration of diabetes was significantly associated with DFU (P<0.0018) as shown by logistic regression statistical analysis. Even after adjusting for all other potential risk factors, living with diabetes for more than 10 years is associated with an increase in the diabetic foot probability by 3.16 folds (95% CI: 052-10.48 folds increase), P=0.006. The adjusted effect for living with diabetes for more than 20 years on the diabetic foot complication probability is an increase by 1.73 folds (95% CI: 0.39-4.37 folds increase), P=0.005. However, living with diabetes for more than 5 years had a non-significant adjusted effect on diabetic foot probability. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of diabetic foot ulcer was 18.1% and the risk of development of diabetic foot ulcer is increased with duration of diabetes more than 10 years.
Vital pathways for hospital librarians: present and future roles.

OBJECTIVES The research objectives were to (1) describe the current and future roles of hospital librarians and the challenges they face and (2) find evidence supporting the hypothesis that librarians are essential to hospitals in achieving the organizations' mission-critical goals. METHOD The authors used results from a previous research study that identified the five organizational mission-critical goals important to hospital administrators and then searched the literature and solicited examples from hospital librarians to describe the librarian's role in helping hospitals achieve these goals. RESULTS The literature supports the hypothesis that hospital librarians play important roles in the success of the hospital. Librarians support quality clinical care, efficient and effective hospital operations, continuing education for staff, research and innovation, and patient, family, and community health information needs. CONCLUSION Hospital librarians fulfill many mission-critical roles in today's hospital, providing the right information at the right time in a variety of ways to enhance hospital and medical staff effectiveness, optimize patient care, improve patient outcomes, and increase patient and family satisfaction with the hospital and its services. Because hospital librarians and their services provide an excellent return on investment for the hospital and help the hospital keep its competitive edge, hospital staff should have access to the services of a professional librarian.
Early Root Overproduction Not Triggered by Nutrients Decisive for Competitive Success Belowground

Background Theory predicts that plant species win competition for a shared resource by more quickly preempting the resource in hotspots and by depleting resource levels to lower concentrations than its competitors. Competition in natural grasslands largely occurs belowground, but information regarding root interactions is limited, as molecular methods quantifying species abundance belowground have only recently become available. Principal Findings In monoculture, the grass Festuca rubra had higher root densities and a faster rate of soil nitrate depletion than Plantago lanceolata, projecting the first as a better competitor for nutrients. However, Festuca lost in competition with Plantago. Plantago not only replaced the lower root mass of its competitor, but strongly overproduced roots: with only half of the plants in mixture than in monoculture, Plantago root densities in mixture were similar or higher than those in its monocultures. These responses occurred equally in a nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor soil layer, and commenced immediately at the start of the experiment when root densities were still low and soil nutrient concentrations high. Conclusions/Significance Our results suggest that species may achieve competitive superiority for nutrients by root growth stimulation prior to nutrient depletion, induced by the presence of a competitor species, rather than by a better ability to compete for nutrients per se. The root overproduction by which interspecific neighbors are suppressed independent of nutrient acquisition is consistent with predictions from game theory. Our results emphasize that root competition may be driven by other mechanisms than is currently assumed. The long-term consequences of these mechanisms for community dynamics are discussed.
Vitamin B12 deficiency: Characterization of psychometrics and MRI morphometrics

Objectives: Vitamin B12 is essential for the integrity of the central nervous system. However, performances in different cognitive domains relevant to vitamin B12 deficiency remain to be detailed. To date, there have been limited studies that examined the relationships between cognitions and structural neuroimaging in a single cohort of low-vitamin B12 status. The present study aimed to depict psychometrics and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) morphometrics among patients with vitamin B12 deficiency, and to examine their inter-relations. Methods: We compared 34 consecutive patients with vitamin B12 deficiency (serum level ≤250 pg/ml) to 34 demographically matched controls by their cognitive performances and morphometric indices of brain MRI. The correlations between psychometrics and morphometrics were analyzed. Results: The vitamin B12 deficiency group had lower scores than the controls on total scores of Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) (both P < 0.05), language (P < 0.01), orientation (P < 0.01), and mental manipulation (P < 0.05). The patients also showed a greater frontal horn ratio than the controls (P < 0.05). Bicaudate ratio, fronto-occipital ratio, uncotemporal index, and normalized interuncal distance all showed a strong correlation with the total score of MMSE and CASI (all P < 0.01). Among these psychometric and morphometric indices, pronounced correlations between bicaudate ratio and long-term memory, mental manipulation, orientation, language, and verbal fluency were noted (all P < 0.01). Discussion: Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with a global cognition decline with language, orientation, and mental manipulation selectively impaired. Preferential atrophy in frontal regions is the main neuroimaging feature. Although the frontal ratio highlights the relevant atrophy among patients, the bicaudate ratio might be the best index on the basis of its strong association with global cognition and related cognitive domains, implying dysfunction of fronto-subcortical circuits as the fundamental pathogenesis related to vitamin B12 deficiency.
Understanding critical collapse of a scalar field

I construct a spherically symmetric solution for a massless real scalar field minimally coupled to general relativity which is discretely self-similar (DSS) and regular. This solution coincides with the intermediate attractor found by Choptuik in critical gravitational collapse. The echoing period is ? =3.4453±0.0005. The solution is continued to the future self-similarity horizon, which is also the future light cone of a naked singularity. The scalar field and metric are C1 but not C2 at this Cauchy horizon. The curvature is finite nevertheless, and the horizon carries regular null data. These are very nearly flat. The solution has exactly one growing perturbation mode, thus confirming the standard explanation for universality. The growth of this mode corresponds to a critical exponent of ? =0.374±0.001, in agreement with the best experimental value. I predict that in critical collapse dominated by a DSS critical solution, the scaling of the black hole mass shows a periodic wiggle, which like ? is universal. My results carry over to the free complex scalar field. Connections with previous investigations of self-similar scalar field solutions are discussed, as well as an interpretation of ? and ? as anomalous dimensions.
Assessing randomness and complexity in human motion trajectories through analysis of symbolic sequences

Complexity is a hallmark of intelligent behavior consisting both of regular patterns and random variation. To quantitatively assess the complexity and randomness of human motion, we designed a motor task in which we translated subjects' motion trajectories into strings of symbol sequences. In the first part of the experiment participants were asked to perform self-paced movements to create repetitive patterns, copy pre-specified letter sequences, and generate random movements. To investigate whether the degree of randomness can be manipulated, in the second part of the experiment participants were asked to perform unpredictable movements in the context of a pursuit game, where they received feedback from an online Bayesian predictor guessing their next move. We analyzed symbol sequences representing subjects' motion trajectories with five common complexity measures: predictability, compressibility, approximate entropy, Lempel-Ziv complexity, as well as effective measure complexity. We found that subjects' self-created patterns were the most complex, followed by drawing movements of letters and self-paced random motion. We also found that participants could change the randomness of their behavior depending on context and feedback. Our results suggest that humans can adjust both complexity and regularity in different movement types and contexts and that this can be assessed with information-theoretic measures of the symbolic sequences generated from movement trajectories.
Impact of Diagnosis-Timing Indicators on Measures of Safety, Comorbidity, and Case Mix Groupings From Administrative Data Sources

Context:Many attempts to identify hospital complications rely on secondary diagnoses from billing data. To be meaningful, diagnosis codes must distinguish between diagnoses after admission and those existing before admission. Objective:To assess the influence of diagnoses at admission on patient safety, comorbidity, severity measures, and case mix groupings for Medicare reimbursement. Design:Cross-sectional association of various diagnosis-based clinical and performance measures with and without diagnosis present on admission. Setting:Hospital discharges from Mayo Clinic Rochester hospitals in 2005 (N = 60,599). Patients:All hospital inpatients including surgical, medical, pediatric, maternity, psychiatric, and rehabilitation patients. About 33% of patients traveled more than 120 miles for care. Main Outcome Measures:Hospital patient safety indicators, comorbidity, severity, and case mix measures with and without diagnoses present at admission. Results:Over 90% of all diagnoses were present at admission whereas 27.1% of all inpatients had a secondary diagnosis coded in-hospital. About one-third of discharges with a safety indicator were flagged because of a diagnosis already present at admission, more likely among referral patients. In contrast, 87% of postoperative hemorrhage, 22% of postoperative hip fractures, and 54% of foreign bodies left in wounds were coded as in-hospital conditions. Severity changes during hospitalization were observed in less than 8% of discharges. Slightly over 3% of discharges were assigned to higher weight diagnosis-related groups based on an in-hospital complication. Conclusions:In general, many patient safety indicators do not reliably identify adverse hospital events, especially when applied to academic referral centers. Except as noted, conditions recorded after admission have minimal impact on comorbidity and severity measures or on Medicare reimbursement.
CD52 is a molecular target in advanced systemic mastocytosis

Advanced systemic mastocytosis (SM) is an aggressive hematopoietic neoplasm with poor prognosis and short survival times. So far, no curative therapy is available for affected patients. We have identified the cell surface antigen CD52 (CAMPATH‐1) as a molecular target expressed abundantly on the surface of primary neoplastic mast cells (MCs) in patients with advanced SM. In contrast, neoplastic MCs of patients with indolent SM and normal MCs expressed only low levels or did not express CD52. To study the mechanisms of CD52 expression and the value of this antigen as a potential therapeutic target, we generated a human MC cell line, designated MCPV‐1, by lentiviral immortalization of cord blood‐derived MC progenitor cells. Functional studies revealed that activated RAS profoundly promotes surface expression of CD52. The CD52‐targeting antibody alemtuzumab induced cell death in CD52+ primary neoplastic MCs obtained from patients with SM as well as in MCPV‐1 cells. NSG mice xenotransplanted with MCPV‐1 cells survived significantly longer after treatment with alemtuzumab (median survival: 31 d untreated vs. 46 d treated; P=0.0012). We conclude that CD52 is a novel marker and potential therapeutic target in neoplastic MCs in patients with advanced SM. —Hoermann, G. , Blatt, K. , Greiner, G. , Putz, E. M. , Berger, A. , Herrmann, H. , Cerny‐Reiterer, S. , Gleixner, K. V. , Walz, C. , Hoetzenecker, K. , Müllauer, L. , Reiter, A. , Sotlar, K. , Sexl, V. , Valent, P., Mayerhofer, M. CD52 is a molecular target in advanced systemic mastocytosis. FASEB J. 28, 3540–3551 (2014). www.fasebj. org
Hardness of Vertex Deletion and Project Scheduling

Assuming the Unique Games Conjecture, we show strong inapproximability results for two natural vertex deletion problems on directed graphs: for any integer k ≥ 2 and arbitrary small e > 0, the Feedback Vertex Set problem and the DAG Vertex Deletion problem are inapproximable within a factor k − e even on graphs where the vertices can be almost partitioned into k solutions. This gives a more structured and therefore stronger UGC-based hardness result for the Feedback Vertex Set problem that is also simpler (albeit using the “It Ain’t Over Till It’s Over” theorem) than the previous hardness result.
An Approach to Information Hiding in Low Bit-Rate Speech Stream

In this paper we introduce a novel codebook partition algorithm for quantization index modulation (QIM), which is applied to information hiding in instant low bit-rate speech stream. The QIM method divides the codebook into two parts, each representing '0' and '1' respectively. Instead of randomly partitioning the codebook, the relationship between codewords is considered. The proposed algorithm - complementary neighbor vertices (CNV) guarantees that every codeword is in the opposite part to its nearest neighbor, and the distortion is limited by a bound. The feasibility of CNV is proved with graph theory. Moreover, in our work the secret message is embedded in the field of vector quantization index of LPC coefficients, getting the benefit that the distortion due to QIM is lightened adaptively by the rest of the encoding procedure. Experiments on iLBC and G.723. 1 verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Both objective and subjective assessments show the proposed method only slightly decreases the speech quality to an indistinguishable degree. The hiding capacity is no less than 100 bps. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work adopting graph theory to improve the codebook partition while using QIM in low bit-rate streaming media.
Adiponectin Replenishment Ameliorates Obesity-Related Hypertension

Patients with obesity are susceptible to hypertension. We have reported that the plasma adiponectin levels are decreased in obesity and that adiponectin has many defensive properties against obesity-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between adiponectin and hypertension in mice. We measured blood pressure and heart rate directly by a catheter in the carotid artery and indirectly by automatic sphygmomanometer at the tail artery. Obese KKAy mice had significantly lower plasma adiponectin levels and higher systolic blood pressure than control C57BL/6J mice at 21 weeks of age. Adenovirus-delivered adiponectin significantly decreased blood pressure in KKAy mice. The direct role of adiponectin on blood pressure regulation under insulin resistance–free state was investigated in adiponectin-knockout (KO) mice. Adiponectin KO mice developed hypertension when maintained on a high-salt diet (8% NaCl) without insulin resistance. The hypertension of salt-fed adiponectin KO mice was associated with reduced mRNA levels of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and prostaglandin I2 synthase in aorta and low metabolite levels of endothelial NO synthase and prostaglandin I2 synthase in plasma. Adiponectin therapy lowered the elevated blood pressure and corrected the above mRNA levels to those of the wild type. Our results suggest that hypoadiponectinemia contributes to the development of obesity-related hypertension, at least in part, directly, in addition to its effect via insulin resistance, and that adiponectin therapy can be potentially useful for hypertension in patients with the metabolic syndrome.
High arsenic contamination in drinking water hand-pumps in Khap Tola, West Champaran, Bihar, India

This study tests the drinking water supply of a marginalized village community of Khap Tola in the state of Bihar, a state in Northern India. Based on hand pump drinking water sample testing and analysis, we found that there was high levels of arsenic (maximum value being 397 ppb) , in excess of the WHO limits of 10ppb. Analysis showed 57% of the samples from private hand-pumps in the shallow aquifer zone of 15-35m have arsenic greater than 200 ppb. Using GIS overlay analysis technique it was calculated that 25% of the residential area in the village is under high risk of arsenic contamination. Further using USEPA guidelines, it was calculated that children age group 5-10 years are under high risk of getting cancer. The Hazard Quotient calculated for 21 children taken for study, indicated that children may have adverse non-carcinogenic health impacts, in the future, with continued exposure. Since the area adds a new arsenic contaminated place in India, further geochemical analysis and health assessment needs to be done in this district of West Champaran in, Bihar.