Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Achieving global perfect homeostasis through transporter regulation

Nutrient homeostasis—the maintenance of relatively constant internal nutrient concentrations in fluctuating external environments—is essential to the survival of most organisms. Transcriptional regulation of plasma membrane transporters by internal nutrient concentrations is typically assumed to be the main mechanism by which homeostasis is achieved. While this mechanism is homeostatic we show that it does not achieve global perfect homeostasis—a condition where internal nutrient concentrations are completely independent of external nutrient concentrations for all external nutrient concentrations. We show that the criterion for global perfect homeostasis is that transporter levels must be inversely proportional to net nutrient flux into the cell and that downregulation of active transporters (activity-dependent regulation) is a simple and biologically plausible mechanism that meets this criterion. Activity-dependent transporter regulation creates a trade-off between robustness and efficiency, i.e., the system's ability to withstand perturbation in external nutrients and the transporter production rate needed to maintain homeostasis. Additionally, we show that a system that utilizes both activity-dependent transporter downregulation and regulation of transporter synthesis by internal nutrient levels can create a system that mitigates the shortcomings of each of the individual mechanisms. This analysis highlights the utility of activity-dependent regulation in achieving homeostasis and calls for a re-examination of the mechanisms of regulation of other homeostatic systems.
Understanding the Effects of Parameter Uncertainty on Temporal Dynamics of Groundwater-Surface Water Interaction

This study presents the understanding of temporal dynamics of groundwater-surface water (GW-SW) interaction due to parameter uncertainty by using a physically-based and distributed gridded surface subsurface hydrologic analysis (GSSHA) model combined with a Monte Carlo simulation. A study area along the main stem of the Kiskatinaw River of the Kiskatinaw River watershed, Northeast British Columbia, Canada, was used as a case study. Two different greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenarios (i.e., A2: heterogeneous world with self-reliance and preservation of local identities, and B1: a more integrated and environmental-friendly world) of the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) from the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for 2013 were used as case scenarios. Before conducting uncertainty analysis, a sensitivity analysis was performed to find the most sensitive parameters to the model output (i.e., mean monthly groundwater contribution to stream flow). Then, a Monte Carlo simulation was used to conduct the uncertainty analysis. The uncertainty analysis results under both case scenarios revealed that the pattern of the cumulative relative frequency distribution of the mean monthly and annual groundwater contributions to stream flow varied monthly and annually, respectively, due to the uncertainties of the sensitive model parameters. In addition, the pattern of the cumulative relative frequency distribution of a particular month’s groundwater contribution to the stream flow differed significantly between both scenarios. These results indicated the complexities and uncertainties in the GW-SW interaction system. Therefore, it is of necessity to use such uncertainty analysis results rather than the point estimates for better water resources management decision-making.
CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2010 | NIST

This paper gives the 2010 self-consistent set of values of the basic constants and conversion factors of physics and chemistry recommended by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) for international use. The 2010 adjustment takes into account the data considered in the 2006 adjustment as well as the data that became available from 1 January 2007, after the closing date of that adjustment, until 31 December 2010, the closing date of the new adjustment. Further, it describes in detail the adjustment of the values of the constants, including the selection of the final set of input data based on the results of least-squares analyses. The 2010 set replaces the previously recommended 2006 CODATA set and may also be found on the World Wide Web at physics.nist. gov/constants.
The Writing on the Stall: Graffiti, Vandalism, and Social Expression

Graffiti and vandalism are everywhere in the modern city; they seem to be part of the typical urban background. While graffiti are usually associated with concrete walls, bridges and train cars, one particular area of focus of vandalistic writing is the walls and stalls of public bathrooms. This area, for both obvious, and sometimes unclear reasons, is a popular forum for anyone wanting to write. This project was conducted with the intent of better understanding these somewhat ubiquitous and seemingly mundane scribbles. As the first step toward this goal, a literature review of approaches to vandalism was conducted. This theoretical exploration, which comprised the majority of the project, explored vandalism in general, with a particular focus on graffiti. The second step of research was the collection of photographs of bathroom stall graffiti on the campuses of both the University of Kentucky and the University of Louisville. This second step sought to take the general literature on vandalism and graffiti and apply it to the more specific example of bathroom wall graffiti. In concluding, this article proposes alternative approaches to understanding graffiti and vandalism.
Impact of Prestroke Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Treatment on Stroke Severity and Mortality

Background and Purpose— Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been associated with an increased risk of bleeding but also a possible neuroprotective effect in stroke. We aimed to examine the implications of prestroke SSRI use in hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. Methods— We conducted a registry-based propensity score–matched follow-up study among first-ever patients with hemorrhage and ischemic stroke in Denmark (2003–2012). Multiple conditional logistic regression was used to compute adjusted odds ratios of severe stroke and death within 30 days. Results— Among 1252 hemorrhagic strokes (626 prestroke SSRI users and 626 propensity score–matched nonusers), prestroke SSRI use was associated with an increased risk of the strokes being severe (adjusted propensity score–matched odds ratios, 1.41; confidence interval, 1.08–1.84) and an increased risk of death within 30 days (adjusted propensity score–matched odds ratios, 1.60; confidence interval, 1.17–2.18). Among 8956 patients with ischemic stroke (4478 prestroke SSRI users and 4478 propensity score–matched nonusers), prestroke SSRI use was not associated with the risk of severe stroke or death within 30 days. Conclusions— Prestroke SSRI use is associated with increased stroke severity and mortality in patients with hemorrhagic stroke. Although prestroke depression in itself may increase stroke severity and mortality, this was not found in SSRI users with ischemic stroke.
Cover crop impacts on US cropland carbon sequestration

Cover crop management can sequester soil carbon (C), but the potential of cover crops to do so across the United States has not been clearly quantified. With concern about the rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the earth's atmosphere, solutions that sequester atmospheric CO2 are being sought. The soil has significant potential to store C (Batjes 1996), and the potential contribution of agricultural practices like cover crops to sequestering C in the soil is of particular interest to farmers, scientists, and policy-makers across the globe (Lal 2015). Though several studies have shown the ability of cover crops to sequester C on experimental plots and across the globe (Franzluebbers 2010; Lal 2015; Lal et al. 1998; Poeplau and Don 2015; Ruis and Blanco-Canqui 2017), research is still needed that addresses the regional and national impact cover crops can have on C sequestration across cropland in the United States. The United States surpassed 4 × 106 ha (10 × 106 ac) of cover crops in 2012, and farmers are projected to plant 8.1 × 106 ha (20 × 106 ac) or more of cover crops by 2020 (USDA 2014; CTIC 2016). This publication summarizes the results of a literature review and…
Olivine Oxygen Isotope Evidence for Intracontinental Recycling of Delaminated Continental Crust

This paper reports the oxygen isotope compositions of olivine from dunite, wehrlite, harzburgite, and lherzolite xenoliths entrained by the Early Cretaceous high‐Mg diorites and Late Cretaceous basalts in the central and eastern North China Craton, with the aim of constraining processes that happened in the lithospheric mantle. Olivine oxygen isotope compositions were analyzed in situ using secondary ion mass spectrometry. Olivine δ18O of harzburgite and lherzolite xenoliths hosted in the Fushan and Tietonggou diorites with Archean and Paleoproterozoic rhenium‐depletion model ages ranges from 5.1‰ to 5.8‰, similar to olivine from spinel lherzolite xenoliths in the Late Cretaceous Fuxin basalts (olivine δ18O = 5.2–5.4‰) and typical mantle olivine. In contrast, olivine δ18O from dunite and wehrlite xenoliths ranges from 6.1‰ to 7.7‰, significantly higher than the typical mantle values. The olivine oxygen isotope data, combined with the petrologic observations, mineral compositions, and whole‐rock trace element and Sr‐Nd‐Os isotope compositions of the peridotite, suggest that the peridotites in Early Cretaceous high‐Mg diorites had been affected by interaction with melt derived from delaminated continental crust. These data provide compelling evidence for the recycling of continental crust in an intracontinental setting.
Stationary Markovian equilibrium in altruistic stochastic OLG models with limited commitment

We introduce a new class of infinite horizon altruistic stochastic OLG model with capital and labor, but without commitment between the generations. Under mild regularity conditions, for economies with both bounded and unbounded state spaces, continuous monotone Markov perfect Nash equilibrium (MPNE) are shown to exist, and form an antichain in pointwise partial orders. Unlike existing results in related models with inelastic labor supply, these equilibrium are not necessarily Lipschitzian. For each such MPNE, we then construct corresponding stationary Markovian equilibrium invariant distributions. We then show that for many parameterizations of our economies used in applied work in macroeconomics, unique MPNE exist relative to a large space of pure strategy equilibrium (i.e., the space of bounded measurable functions). Using this result, we can directly relate this result to the promised utility/continuation methods based upon the work of Abreu, Pearce, and Stacchetti. As our results are constructive, we can provide characterizations of numerical methods for the uniform approximation of MPNE, and we construct error bounds for simple discretization methods. Decentralizing MPNE in the game as a recursive competitive equilibrium is discussed. Finally, a series of examples show potential applications and limitations of our results.
The bHLH transcription factor SPATULA enables cytokinin signaling, and both activate auxin biosynthesis and transport genes at the medial domain of the gynoecium

Fruits and seeds are the major food source on earth. Both derive from the gynoecium and, therefore, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms that guide the development of this organ of angiosperm species. In Arabidopsis, the gynoecium is composed of two congenitally fused carpels, where two domains: medial and lateral, can be distinguished. The medial domain includes the carpel margin meristem (CMM) that is key for the production of the internal tissues involved in fertilization, such as septum, ovules, and transmitting tract. Interestingly, the medial domain shows a high cytokinin signaling output, in contrast to the lateral domain, where it is hardly detected. While it is known that cytokinin provides meristematic properties, understanding on the mechanisms that underlie the cytokinin signaling pattern in the young gynoecium is lacking. Moreover, in other tissues, the cytokinin pathway is often connected to the auxin pathway, but we also lack knowledge about these connections in the young gynoecium. Our results reveal that cytokinin signaling, that can provide meristematic properties required for CMM activity and growth, is enabled by the transcription factor SPATULA (SPT) in the medial domain. Meanwhile, cytokinin signaling is confined to the medial domain by the cytokinin response repressor ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE 6 (AHP6), and perhaps by ARR16 (a type-A ARR) as well, both present in the lateral domains (presumptive valves) of the developing gynoecia. Moreover, SPT and cytokinin, probably together, promote the expression of the auxin biosynthetic gene TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS 1 (TAA1) and the gene encoding the auxin efflux transporter PIN-FORMED 3 (PIN3), likely creating auxin drainage important for gynoecium growth. This study provides novel insights in the spatiotemporal determination of the cytokinin signaling pattern and its connection to the auxin pathway in the young gynoecium.
Comparison of a supra-sternal cardiac output monitor (USCOM) with the pulmonary artery catheter.

BACKGROUND Cardiac output (CO) cannot reliably be estimated by clinical examination. We aimed to measure the agreement between CO measurements using a supra-sternal Doppler monitor (USCOM, Coffs Harbour, Australia) and the pulmonary artery catheter (PAC). METHODS The study was conducted in the intensive care unit of a tertiary teaching hospital. All patients with PAC in situ were eligible. Simultaneous CO readings were taken when clinically indicated. Investigators and clinicians were blinded to each other's results. The CO values used were the mean of three consecutive supra-sternal Doppler readings for patients with a sinus rhythm and seven for atrial fibrillation, and the mean of three thermodilution curves with acceptable form and values within 10% of each other for the PAC. Agreement was measured using both the paired t-test to calculate bias and limits of agreement and the intraclass correlation (ICC) coefficient. RESULTS Ninety-four subjects were enrolled. From 89 subjects, 250 paired comparisons were obtained. USCOM monitor readings were unobtainable in five patients. Mean supra-sternal Doppler CO was 5.5 litre min(-1). Bias was -0.09 litre min(-1) and levels of agreement were +/- 2.92 litre min(-1) when compared with PAC. ICC was 0.46 (95% CI 0.36-0.56), and mean percentage difference was 19 (IQR 6-31)%. CONCLUSIONS In our subjects, there was poor agreement between CO measurements done with the supra-sternal Doppler monitor and PAC.
The Causal Role of Right Frontopolar Cortex in Moral Judgment, Negative Emotion Induction, and Executive Control

Introduction: Converging evidence suggests that both emotional and cognitive processes are critically involved in moral judgment, and may be mediated by discrete parts of the prefrontal cortex. The current study aimed at investigating the mediatory effect of right Frontopolar Cortex (rFPC) on the way that emotions affect moral judgments. Methods: Six adult patients affected by rFPC and 10 healthy controls were included in the study. Participants made judgements on moral dilemmas after being shown either neutral or emotional pictures. The role of rFPC in executive control and emotional experience was also examined. Results: The study results showed that inducing an emotional state increased the number of utilitarian responses both in the patients and controls. However, no significant differences were observed between the patients and controls in response time or the number of utilitarian responses. Also, no significant differences were observed in personal and impersonal dilemmas before and after the emotion induction in intergroup comparisons. Results of the executive control tasks showed reduced performance in patients affected by rFPC compared with the controls. Conclusion: The results of the current study suggested that rFPC might not have a direct role in mediating emotional processes during moral judgments, but possibly this region is important in a network supporting executive control functions.
Cardiac Risk of Noncardiac Surgery

To the Editor: I would like to compliment Dr Eagle and colleagues on an excellent article regarding cardiovascular risk of patients with coronary artery disease undergoing noncardiac surgery, published recently in Circulation.1 I do take issue, however, with the general statement that coronary revascularization done before the planned procedure is effective in reducing the risk of postoperative myocardial infarction and/or death. Although retrospective studies, including the CASS registry patients used in Dr Eagle’s study, have shown a low mortality rate after noncardiac surgical procedures in patients who have undergone coronary bypass surgery, I do not believe that percutaneous revascularization procedures have been shown to be similarly effective. Again, retrospective studies have …
Human antral folliculogenesis: what we have learned from the bovine and equine models.

The study of ovarian folliculogenesis has been of great interest to scientists and clinicians in the human and veterinary health fields for more than 20 centuries. Initial studies of the ovarian follicle were based on anatomical descriptions post-mortem, followed by histologic and endocrinologic evaluation of ovarian status. The introduction of high resolution ultrasonography in the 1980s provided a long-awaited tool to image the reproductive tissues in situ in both animal and human species. The bovine and equine species have been established as models for the study of human ovarian folliculogenesis. Profound similarities in the dynamics of follicle development exist between the menstrual cycle in humans and the estrous cycle in cattle and horses. Disparities between species appear specific rather than general. Research performed in women thus far has led to the concepts that: 1) follicle development occurs in a wave-like manner during the menstrual cycle, 2) the number of waves per cycle correlates positively with the length of the cycle, 3) the emergence of follicle waves in women are preceded by a rise in circulating FSH, 4) selection of a dominant follicle may occur in each wave of the cycle, and 5) a decline in circulating FSH and increase in follicular estradiol, inhibin A, and IGF-II act collectively to enable the dominant follicle to continue to grow in an endocrine environment of decreasing FSH and increasing LH, while subordinate follicles undergo regression. The goal of continued research using animal models for studying human ovarian function is to provide the hypothetical basis for further studies in women, which will ultimately lead to the development of safer and more efficacious infertility and contraceptive therapies.
Dynamic air traffic planning by genetic algorithms

In the past, the first way to reduce the congestion of the air traffic control system was to modify the structure of the airspace in order to increase the capacity (increasing the number of runways, increasing the number of sectors by reducing their size). This method has a limit due to the cost involved by new runways and the way to manage traffic in too small sectors (a controller needs a minimum amount of airspace to solve conflicts). The other way to reduce congestion is to modify the flight plans in order to adapt the demand to the available capacity. So, to reduce congestion, demand has to be spread in spatial and time dimension (route-slot allocation). Our research addresses the general time-route assignment problem using a static and a dynamic approach. A state of the art of the existing methods shows that this general bi-allocation problem is usually partially treated and the whole problem remains unsolved due to the induced complexity. GAs are then adapted to the problem.
Using Acoustic Sensors to Improve the Efficiency of the Forest Value Chain in Canada: A Case Study with Laminated Veneer Lumber

Engineered wood products for structural use must meet minimum strength and stiffness criteria. This represents a major challenge for the industry as the mechanical properties of the wood resource are inherently variable. We report on a case study that was conducted in a laminated veneer lumber (LVL) mill in order to test the potential of an acoustic sensor to predict structural properties of the wood resource prior to processing. A population of 266 recently harvested aspen logs were segregated into three sub-populations based on measurements of longitudinal acoustic speed in wood using a hand tool equipped with a resonance-based acoustic sensor. Each of the three sub-populations were peeled into veneer sheets and graded for stiffness with an ultrasonic device. The average ultrasonic propagation time (UPT) of each subpopulation was 418, 440 and 453 microseconds for the green, blue, and red populations, respectively. This resulted in contrasting proportions of structural veneer grades, indicating that the efficiency of the forest value chain could be improved using acoustic sensors. A linear regression analysis also showed that the dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE) of LVL was strongly related to static MOE (R2 = 0.83), which suggests that acoustic tools may be used for quality control during the production process.
MorGAN: Recognition Vulnerability and Attack Detectability of Face Morphing Attacks Created by Generative Adversarial Network

Face morphing attacks aim at creating face images that are verifiable to be the face of multiple identities, which can lead to building faulty identity links in operations like border crossing. Research has been focused on creating more accurate attack detection approaches by considering different image properties. However, all the attacks considered so far are based on manipulating facial landmarks localized in the morphed face images. In contrast, this work presents novel face morphing attacks based on image generated by generative adversarial networks. We present the MorGAN structure that considers the representation loss to successfully create realistic morphing attacks. Based on that, we present a novel face morphing attacks database (MorGAN database) that contains 1000 morph images for both, the proposed MorGAN and landmark-based attacks. We present vulnerability analysis of two face recognition approaches facing the proposed attacks. Moreover, the detectability of the proposed MorGAN attacks is studied, in the scenarios where this type of attacks is know and un- known. We concluded with pointing out the challenge of detecting such unknown novel attacks and an analysis of detection performances of different features in detecting such attacks.
Title Children ' s comprehension of relative clauses Other

This study investigates the comprehension of different Cantonese relative clauses by seventy Cantonese-speaking children aged 4,0 to 8;0. Each child was presented with six sentence types distinguished by the functional roles of the head noun phrase and of the relativized noun phrase. The child was instructed to act out the action using toys according to the sentence spoken. The findings show that structural processing strategies, including the noun verb noun strategy, the Minimal Distance Principle and Parallel Function Hypothesis, lead to wrong predictions about the order of difficulty of several sentence types. These strategies cannot be extended to sentences with relativization involving resumptive pronouns in Cantonese. This paper discusses strategies based on syntactic structure and the two-stage parsing model.