Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of human papillomavirus in oral lichen planus in an Iranian cohort

Context: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease with female predominance with the potential for malignant transformation. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with both malignant and benign disease in the head and neck region. Aims: The present study assesses the prevalence of high-risk HPV-16 and HPV-18 in tissue and saliva samples from an Iranian population diagnosed with OLP. Subjects and Methods: Deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted and investigated using polymerase chain reaction from tissue and saliva samples of the same individuals from 40 OLP cases and saliva samples of 40 healthy controls. Statistical Analysis: The prevalence of data was compared using the Chi-square test and inter-group differences were analyzed using Fisher's exact test. Results: OLP specimens were HPV-positive in 11 of 40 (27.5%) cases compared with three of 40 (7.5%) saliva specimens, representing a statistically significant difference (P = 0.0367). HPV-16 and HPV-18 were positive in eight of 40 (20%) OLP tissues and three of 40 (7.5%) saliva samples. Five of the 40 healthy saliva samples were positive for HPV-16. In the OLP patients with dysplasia, four of seven tissue samples were HPV-positive; threeof these four were HPV-16- positive in comparision with seven of 33 HPV-positive samples from OLP patients without dysplasia. Conclusions: Biopsies were more accurate than saliva analysis for evaluating HPV prevalence in OLP patients. HPV prevalence was higher in dysplastic than nondysplastic OLP lesions in this Iranian cohort.
Decompression sickness risk model: development and validation by 150 prospective hypobaric exposures.

INTRODUCTION High altitude exposure has an inherent risk of altitude decompression sickness (DCS). A predictive DCS model was needed to reduce operational risk. To be operationally acceptable, such a theoretical model would need to be validated in the laboratory using human subjects. METHODS The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) has conducted numerous studies on human subjects exposed to simulated altitudes in hypobaric chambers. The database from those studies was used to develop a statistical altitude DCS model. In addition, a bubble growth model was developed using a finite difference method to solve for bubble radius as a function of time. The bubble growth model, integrated with the statistical model, constitutes the AFRL DCS Risk Assessment Model. Validation of the model was accomplished by comparing computer predictions of DCS risk with results from subsequent prospective human subject exposures. There were five exposure profiles, not previously found in the database, covering a wide parameter of ranges of altitude (18,000-35,000 ft), exposure time (180-360 min), prebreathe time (0-90 min), and activity level (rest-strenuous) that were used. The subjects were monitored for DCS symptoms and venous gas emboli. RESULTS There were 30 subjects who were exposed to each of the 5 altitude profiles. The DCS incidence onset curves predicted by the model were not significantly different from the experimental values for all scenarios tested and were generally within +/- 5% of the actual values. CONCLUSION A predictive altitude DCS model was successfully developed and validated.
Immune and Stromal Classification of Colorectal Cancer Is Associated with Molecular Subtypes and Relevant for Precision Immunotherapy

Purpose: The tumor microenvironment is formed by many distinct and interacting cell populations, and its composition may predict patients' prognosis and response to therapies. Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease in which immune classifications and four consensus molecular subgroups (CMS) have been described. Our aim was to integrate the composition of the tumor microenvironment with the consensus molecular classification of colorectal cancer. Experimental Design: We retrospectively analyzed the composition and the functional orientation of the immune, fibroblastic, and angiogenic microenvironment of 1,388 colorectal cancer tumors from three independent cohorts using transcriptomics. We validated our findings using immunohistochemistry. Results: We report that colorectal cancer molecular subgroups and microenvironmental signatures are highly correlated. Out of the four molecular subgroups, two highly express immune-specific genes. The good-prognosis microsatellite instable–enriched subgroup (CMS1) is characterized by overexpression of genes specific to cytotoxic lymphocytes. In contrast, the poor-prognosis mesenchymal subgroup (CMS4) expresses markers of lymphocytes and of cells of monocytic origin. The mesenchymal subgroup also displays an angiogenic, inflammatory, and immunosuppressive signature, a coordinated pattern that we also found in breast (n = 254), ovarian (n = 97), lung (n = 80), and kidney (n = 143) cancers. Pathologic examination revealed that the mesenchymal subtype is characterized by a high density of fibroblasts that likely produce the chemokines and cytokines that favor tumor-associated inflammation and support angiogenesis, resulting in a poor prognosis. In contrast, the canonical (CMS2) and metabolic (CMS3) subtypes with intermediate prognosis exhibit low immune and inflammatory signatures. Conclusions: The distinct immune orientations of the colorectal cancer molecular subtypes pave the way for tailored immunotherapies. Clin Cancer Res; 22(16); 4057–66. ©2016 AACR.
Teachers’ Perceptions of Their Working Conditions

This quantitative study examines the relationship between teachers’ perceptions of their working conditions and their intended and actual departures from schools. Based on rich administrative data for North Carolina combined with a 2006 statewide survey administered to all teachers in the state, the study documents that working conditions are highly predictive of teachers’ intended movement away from their schools, independent of other school characteristics such as the racial mix of students. Moreover, school leadership, broadly defined, emerges as the most salient dimension of working conditions. Although teachers’ perceptions of their working conditions are less predictive of one-year actual departure rates than of intended rates, their predictive power is still on a par with that of other school characteristics. The models are estimated separately for elementary, middle and high school teachers and generate some policy-relevant differences among the three levels.
Neuronal Mechanisms Mediating Acute Food Deprivation-Induced Reinstatement of Heroin Seeking

One of the most troubling aspects of addiction is the chronic and cyclical nature of this disorder. In particular, the desire to use drugs and subsequent relapse can occur after months or even years of absence. Amongst human drug abusers, exposure to stressful life events and style of stress-coping have been shown to predict relapse. Similarly, in rodents stress can induce the reinstatement of drug seeking, a model of stress-induced relapse. In the following series of experiments the neuronal mechanisms mediating acute 21-48h food deprivation (FD)-induced reinstatement of heroin seeking are investigated. Previously, our laboratory has demonstrated that this form of reinstatement can be attenuated by systemic injection of the dopamine (DA) D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390. Thus, in chapter 1, the neuronal circuitry mediating the role of DA, acting at the D1 receptor, in acute FD-induced reinstatement was examined. The five experiments described in the chapter reveal a significant attenuation of heroin seeking in rats infused with SCH 23390 into the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell, dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) or basolateral amygdala (BLA). However, acute FD-induced reinstatement was not affected by infusions of SCH 23390 into the NAc core, or ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Compulsive drug seeking and the propensity to relapse have been attributed to pathological synaptic plasticity, resulting from drug-induced changes in glutamate synapses. Thus, in chapters 2 and 3 the role of glutamate in acute FD-induced reinstatement was inspected. In chapter 2, neuroadaptations in the glutamatergic projection from the ventral subiculum (vSub) of the hippocampus to the NAc shell were investigated. The vSub to NAc shell pathway is an important excitatory input, providing spatial and affective information that is modulated by DA release within the NAc. Here, acute 48h FD was shown to block the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in both heroin-trained and heroin-naive rats. In chapter 3, changes in the expression of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor subunits were investigated in rats trained to self-administer heroin and subsequently tested for acute FD-induced reinstatement of drug seeking. The results of this study reveled a tendency toward a reduction in GluA2 and NR1 expression in the dmPFC and NAc, respectively, of heroin-trained food deprived rats, compared to heroin-trained sated rats, as well as a significant increase in GluA2 expression in the VTA of heroin-trained-sated rats compared to drug-naive sated rats. Finally, FD increased GluA2 expression, in the BLA, in drug-naive but not heroin-trained rats. Together, these findings demonstrate an important role for both DA and glutamate in acute FD-induced reinstatement. The current results support existing models that suggest a critical role for DA and glutamate transmission, and the interaction between the two systems, in the reinstatement of drug seeking.
Theory, Measurement, and Calibration of Macroeconomic Models

Calibration has become a standard tool of macroeconomics. This paper extends and refines the calibration methodology along several important dimensions. First, accounting for home production is important both in measuring calibration targets and in organizing the data in a model-consistent fashion. For this reason, thinking about home production is important even if the model under consideration does not include home production. Second, investment-specific technological change is included because of its strong balanced growth parameter restrictions. Third, the measurement strategy is laid out as transparently as possible so that others can easily replicate the underlying calculations. The data and calculations used in this paper are available on the web.
WEIGHT‐BASED DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT: PSYCHOLOGICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS

This article takes an interdisciplinary approach to the issue of weight-based discrimination in employment, drawing on diverse literatures (psychology, law, sociology, economics), and integrating a review of empirical research and a traditional legal analysis. First, empirical research that focuses on the extent of bias against overweight individuals in employment contexts is reviewed and evaluated. Second, current legal requirements relevant to weight-based discrimination in employment are identified and discussed, and those requirements are applied to the research findings to assess the extent to which the weight-based bias identified in the reviewed studies involves illegal discrimination. Third, based on the results of the review of the research and legal literatures, future research directions are offered and practical implications for employers and policy makers are identified.
Executive functions in school‐aged children: Potential efficacy of tasks in discriminating clinical groups

The performance of three groups of children on a battery of executive function tasks was investigated. A double dissociation paradigm was used, including six executive function tasks (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Matching Familiar Figures Test, visual search, verbal fluency, Tower of Hanoi, and mazes) and two vocabulary tasks (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test‐Revised and the Boston Naming Test). Executive function was defined as goal‐directed behavior including strategic planning, impulse control, organized search, and flexibility of thought and action. One hundred and fifteen children, aged 6.0 to 12.11 years, participated in the study (36 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, 34 children with developmental language disorder, and 45 nondisabled children). Four main results were found: (a) groups differed on three of the executive function tasks, (b) groups differed on both of the nonexecutive function tasks, (c) the relationship between age and performance was linear, and (d) discriminan.
Pop in(to) the Bedroom

Drawing on ethnographic research with seven young girls in Adelaide, South Australia, this article examines the centrality of the bedroom in the girls’ exploration of popular music and cultural identity. In particular, it explores the popular music practices of two of these girls, nine-year-olds Kate and Rosa, in the space of their bedrooms. I argue that, by way of serious play, the girls enact and represent alternative possibilities in this immediate life space. The hard work in their musical play was not only observed in the process of fieldwork, but was also captured by the girls themselves using still cameras and tape recorders provided as part of the research project. The resulting materials from this ethnographic approach highlight that although girls’ bedrooms may seem rather ordinary, the musical practices that take place in this experiential space are complex, highly nuanced and far from trivial. As I demonstrate in this article, the girls’ play in their bedrooms is accompanied by an underlying seriousness, what Turner calls the ‘human seriousness of play’.
Navigating Public Spaces: Gender, Race, and Body Privilege in Everyday Life

Borrowing from and refining Peggy McIntosh's (1988) ideas on white privilege, this article introduces the concept of "body privilege" and examines how a lack of body privilege materializes in everyday life. Interviews with forty-two "overweight" women and men reveal a body privilege continuum distinctly patterned by gender and race. Specifically, while a majority of participants are not able to experience a level of comfort when navigating public spaces, women generally report more instances of body nonprivilege. Moreover, a number of Hispanic and white women experience a heightened level of "body consciousness" that leads to some form of "body management. " This article documents and discusses this body privilege and its racial and gendered embodiment, along with differences between body privilege and McIntosh's original concept. It also discusses how body privilege sheds new light on crucial debates regarding cultural ideals, women's bodies, and agency.
The eye of the storm: a feasibility study of an adapted Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) group intervention to manage NHS staff stress

Abstract A feasibility study evaluated five adapted Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) groups that were delivered to staff in a National Health Service (NHS) mental health Trust as part of a staff health and wellbeing initiative. Using an uncontrolled design typical of a feasibility study, recruitment, retention and acceptability of the groups were assessed. Effectiveness was also measured at pre- and post-therapy, and at 3-month follow-up, using quantitative methods. In addition, qualitative methods were used to explore staff experiences of the groups. Results demonstrated high levels of feasibility, and significant improvements in staff perceived stress and self-compassion at both post-therapy and follow-up. Qualitative data suggested many staff felt the groups had improved their physical and emotional health, their ability to manage stress at work and the quality of their work with patients and of their relationships with colleagues. Although Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has typically been used to help manage staff stress, these results are promising for the use of an adapted MBCT with this population. Challenges and factors contributing to these outcomes are discussed.
Regeneration works? Disabled people and area-based urban renewal

Disabled people are increasingly being drawn into the UK Labour government’s strategy to address area-based deprivation through projects which focus on employability as a means of tackling social exclusion. This paper draws on a case study of an employment project aimed at young people with learning difficulties funded as part of the Single Regeneration Budget, to explore how such projects operate in the context of area-based renewal, and with what gains, if any, for disabled people. The case study suggests that the perceived contribution of the project — and people with learning difficulties — to the area was as much about social regeneration, as building a local economy through the creation of active workers. Whilst being part of the SRB seemed to offer some opportunities for participation, the parameters of the policy itself — including its spatiality — acted to circumscribe some of the potential linkages with broader area renewal processes and the potential benefits for project participants, thus raising questions about New Labour’s social inclusion agenda.
Promoting sun safety among US Postal Service letter carriers: impact of a 2-year intervention.

OBJECTIVES We examined whether US Postal Service letter carriers who received a sun safety intervention would wear wide-brim hats and sunscreen significantly more often than those who did not receive the intervention. METHODS We used a 2-group randomized design with 2662 evaluation cohort participants from 70 US postal stations. Evaluations were conducted at baseline, 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years. Questionnaire items assessed occupational use of sun-screen and wide-brim hats. The 2-year sun safety intervention included the provision of wide-brim hats, accessible sunscreen, reminders, and 6 educational sessions. RESULTS At the 3-month follow-up evaluations, the odds ratio (OR) for regular sun-screen use was 2.8 times higher among the intervention group than among the control group (95% confidence interval [CI]=2.2, 3.5); at the 2-year follow-up evaluations, the rate was still significantly higher (OR=2.0; 95% CI=1.6, 2.6). Intervention group participants also had significantly higher rates of hat use, with the differences remaining consistent across all follow-ups (OR=2.9; 95% CI=2.3, 3.6). CONCLUSIONS The intervention should be disseminated to postal stations nationwide and possibly to other occupational groups that work outdoors.
Fecal Bacteriotherapy for Relapsing Clostridium difficile Infection in a Child: A Proposed Treatment Protocol

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a potentially serious emerging infectious disease. The incidences of CDI in childhood and CDI cases complicated by relapses have increased by 50% or more in North America during the past 2 decades. We report here the case of a 2-year-old child with relapsing CDI caused by the epidemic strain BI/NAP1/O27 that was refractory to Saccharomyces boulardii and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG probiotics and to intensive therapy with traditional (metronidazole, vancomycin) and experimental (rifaximin, nitazoxanide) antibiotics despite its apparent antimicrobial-susceptible phenotype. After excluding other infectious causes of diarrhea and inflammatory bowel disease, we designed a protocol to safely administer fecal bacteriotherapy via a temporary nasogastric tube. We demonstrated for the first time that fecal transplantation is practical and effective for treating relapsing CDI in a young child. We recommend that this strategy be reserved for complicated cases of CDI that fail conventional therapy until randomized studies can confirm the safety and effectiveness of fecal bacteriotherapy in children.
Monte Carlo simulation of InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs with various shape of buried gate

We carried out Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of In<sub>0.52</sub>Al<sub>0.48</sub>As/In<sub>0.53</sub>Ga<sub>0.47</sub>As high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with various shape of buried gate. Especially, we examined the HEMT with a “realistic” buried gate in which the tip of gate foot is “round. ” We found that the “effective” gate length is determined by the length of gate foot tip from the electron velocity profiles and electric field in the channel layer. Furthermore, the “round” tip of gate electrode is convenient to prevent breakdown.
Alcohol Habits and Health Care Use in Patients with Psychiatric Disorders

ABSTRACT Objective: It is common for persons with psychiatric disorders to also have alcohol problems. Studies in the general population as well as in clinical samples have found hazardous or harmful alcohol habits to be particularly prevalent in the presence of psychiatric disorders. This study sought to explore the relationships between drinking habits and health care utilization (psychiatric as well as general medical) in persons seeking psychiatric treatment and to investigate the associations among age, sex, and type or number of diagnoses and health care use and costs. For the planning of targeted interventions, we also sought to identify subgroups with a high prevalence of hazardous drinking habits. Methods: From a psychiatric clinic for affective disorders at a university hospital in Sweden, patients who had been screened for hazardous drinking (N = 609) were selected. Patients with primary psychosis or substance use disorder receive treatment at other clinics and did not participate. Medical records data were grouped and compared. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10) was used for diagnoses and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test for screening. Patients were grouped by drinking habits and sex, age, and diagnosis group, and their psychiatric as well as general medical health care use was compared. Results: Abstainers used psychiatric care more than all other drinking groups (p < .001). Psychiatric health care costs were higher in abstainers and low-risk drinkers (1.64 to 1). No differences in general medical care could be identified between drinking groups. Specific subgroups with higher rates of hazardous drinking could not be identified (44% of all males and 34% of all females reported such habits). Inconclusive results from previous research are most likely due to different methods used to classify drinking problems. Conclusions: Abstainers and low-risk drinkers used psychiatric health care to a higher cost than the other drinking groups. Possible explanations are discussed from a clinical and scientific perspective. This study clarifies the need for uniform measures when classifying alcohol use in studies of relationships between alcohol use and health care use. There is also a need to separate former drinkers from abstainers in future studies.
Low- and high-achieving Australian secondary school students: Their parenting, motivations and academic achievement

The achievement goals and parenting of a sample of 879 grade 8 – 10 Australian students were examined to distinguish differences between low- and high-achieving students. Structural equation modelling was used to test a theoretical model linking parental warmth and strictness/supervision via mastery goals, self-efficacy, and self-handicapping to achievement. Results validated and extended previous findings concerning achievement goal theory, self-efficacy, self-handicapping and parenting style, supporting the role of self-efficacy in mediating the effects of parental style through a mastery goal orientation to achievement. Low achievement was significantly linked to neglectful parenting perceptions, higher self-handicapping and lower mastery goals and self-efficacy. An authoritative parenting style was found to predict higher achievement via enhanced mastery goals and self-efficacy while protecting against self-handicapping.