Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non‐point source pollution modelling using Soil and Water Assessment Tool and its parameter sensitivity analysis in Xin'anjiang catchment, China

Non‐point source pollution is a key issue in integrated river basin management around the world and has resulted in water contamination, aquatic ecology deterioration and eutrophication. Xin'anjiang catchment is the key drinking water source area for Hangzhou City, China. A promising model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was applied to assess the non‐point source pollution and its effect on drinking water. Sensitivity analysis of model parameters was carried out using the Sequential Uncertainty Domain Parameter Fitting 2 sensitivity technique. Water discharge, sediment, total nitrogen and total phosphorus load processes from 2000 to 2010 were simulated, and the spatial distributions of non‐point source pollutants were evaluated at the catchment and administrative country levels. The results show that the hydrological parameters of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool were dominantly sensitive for non‐point source pollution simulation, including CN2, RCHRG_DP, ALPHA_BF, SOL_AWC, ESCO and SOL_K and the characteristic parameters of sub‐basins (viz. HRU_SLP and SLSUBBSN). Also, water quality parameters (viz. CH_EROD, NPERCO, RSDCO and PPERCO, PHOSKD, etc.) have a significant effect on nutrients. The model performance was very satisfactory, especially for runoff, sediment and total phosphorus simulation. The non‐point source pollutant load increased from 2001 to 2010 in the whole catchment. Total nitrogen load increased from 3428 tons (0.59 ton km−2) to 7315 tons (1.25 ton km−2), and total phosphorus load increased from 299 tons (0.05 ton km−2) to 867 tons (0.15 ton km−2). The contribution of rice land was the largest, accounting for nearly 95%, followed by tea garden (3.56%), winter wheat (1.37%), forest (0.07%) and grassland (0.02%). Moreover, She County and Xiuning County contributed more than half of the non‐point source pollutants. This study was expected to provide a method and reference for non‐point source pollution quantification and to support water quality management implementation in China. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phylogenetic relationships of the downy mildews (Peronosporales) and related groups based on nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences

In order to investigate phylogenetic relationships of the Peronosporomycetes (Oomycetes), nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences containing the D1 and D2 region were analyzed of 92 species belonging to the orders Peronosporales, Pythiales, Leptomitales, Rhipidiales, Saprolegniales and Sclerosporales. The data were analyzed applying methods of neighbor-joining as well as maximum parsimony, both statistically supported using the bootstrap method. The results confirm the major division between the Pythiales and Peronosporales on the one hand and the Saprolegniales, Leptomitales, and Rhipidiales on the other. The Sclerosporales were shown to be polyphyletic; while Sclerosporaceae are nested within the Peronosporaceae, the Verrucalvaceae are merged within the Saprolegniales. Within the Peronosporomycetidae, Pythiales as well as Peronosporales as currently defined are polyphyletic. The well supported Albugo clade appears to be the most basal lineage, followed by a Pythium-Lagenidium clade. The third, highly supported clade comprises the Peronosporaceae together with Sclerospora, Phytophthora, and Peronophythora. Peronophythora is placed within Phytophthora, indicating that both genera should be merged. Bremiella seems to be polyphyletic within the genus Plasmopara, suggesting a transfer to Plasmopara. The species of Peronospora do not appear as a monophyletic group. Peronospora species growing on Brassicaceae form a highly supported clade.
KUALITAS OLAH BAHASA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DASAR DALAMKEGIATAN BERCERITA:SEBUAH PROSES PEMEROLEHAN BAHASA ANAK

THIS article discusses the quality of language exploitation mastered by elementary school children represented by texts they produced in a story telling activity. Twenty one students in Surakarta were selected purposively as research subjects. They were selected under several considerations such as being students of elementary school in Surakarta class 4 and 5, being able to read in Bahasa Indonesia, being interested in reading stories, and willing to be interviewed. They were asked to tell a story based on a wordless story book entitledfrog, where areyou? Textstructure and text texture of the storiesproduced by thestudents are the componentswhichwere analysed to measure the students' language exploitation quality. The result shows that all subjects have already mastered the strategies of constructing the structure of a narrative text. They contain at least three obligatory discourse units of narrative text, such as orientation, complication, and resolution. Meanwhile, they made several grammatical errors such as wrong selection of conjunctions, using too many conjunctions in a sentence, and putting wrongconjunctions.Moreover,some childrenuse some 'mature'wordsshowing that they are lexically more advanced than other children. It is hoped thatparents and teachers can benefit from the findings for the children s improvement in language acqusition.
Analysis of the characteristics of complex chemical reaction mechanisms. Application to photochemical smog chemistry.

To elucidate the features of complex chemical reaction mechanisms, we develop an analysis based on the use of so-called "counter species", fictitious products added to the reactions in the mechanism that allow one to determine the relative contributions of individual reactions to the overall behavior of the mechanism. The method is developed by considering a mechanism for the atmospheric photooxidation of the three simplest aldehydes and is then applied, in a full-scale simulation, to analyze the behavior of a complex chemical reaction mechanism for photochemical smog. The method is shown capable of providing answers to previously inaccessible questions such as the relative contributions of individual hydrocarbons to photochemical ozone formation. Application of the counter species concept to analyze complex environmental reaction mechanisms is straightforward and can be readily implemented in the standard routines in widespread use for solving seta of chemical reaction rate equations.
Late Glacial to Holocene Indian Summer Monsoon Variability Based upon Sediment Records Taken from the Bay of Bengal

Paleoclimatic records from the Bay of Bengal are rare. We reconstruct the sea-surface temperature (SST) and salinity from paired δ 18 O and Mg/Ca measurements in planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber from the western Bay of Bengal core VM29-19. Our data suggest that SST and seawater δ 18 O (δ 18 Osw) were ~3°C colder and ~0.6‰ depleted, respectively, during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) compared to the early Holocene. The most enriched δ 18 Osw values were found between 18.2 and 15.6 ka interval. Depleted LGM δ 18 Osw values suggest a wet climate which freshened the Bay of Bengal sea surface. Our data further indicate that the monsoon was stronger in the Bolling/Allerod and weaker in the Younger Dryas periods. The most depleted early Holocene δ 18 Osw values suggest that the monsoon was stronger and wetter resulting in a humid climate. After ~5 ka the Indian summer monsoon weakened significantly, indicating less dilution of the sea surface by the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna outflow and/or less direct rainfall. We hypothesize that the prevailing late Holocene dry climate may have caused the diminishment and subsequent abandonment of the settlements of the great Indus Valley Civilizations. Our Bay of Bengal climate records are consistent with those from the Andaman Sea, corroborating broad regional changes in the Indian summer monsoon during the last 25 ka. The general pattern and timing of monsoon variability in the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea seems to parallel the Arabian Sea, Africa, and Asian ice cores and speleothem records suggesting that a common tropical forcing may have induced these abrupt climate changes.
Enhanced pulmonary histopathology induced by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) challenge of formalin-inactivated RSV-immunized BALB/c mice is abrogated by depletion of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10

In previous studies, children immunized with a formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine (FI-RSV) developed severe pulmonary disease with greater frequency than did controls during subsequent natural RSV infection. In earlier efforts to develop an animal model for this phenomenon, extensive pulmonary histopathology developed in FI-RSV-immunized cotton rats and mice subsequently challenged with RSV. In mice, depletion of CD4+ T cells at the time of RSV challenge completely abrogated this histopathology. Furthermore, the predominant cytokine mRNA present in lungs of FI-RSV-immunized mice during subsequent infection with RSV was that characteristically secreted by Th2 T cells, namely interleukin-4 (IL-4). In the present studies, we sought to determine the relative contributions of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 to the lymphocytic infiltration into the lungs observed following RSV challenge of mice previously immunized with FI-RSV. Mice previously immunized with FI-RSV or infected with RSV were depleted of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, or IL-10 immediately before RSV challenge, and the magnitude of inflammatory cell infiltration around bronchioles and pulmonary blood vessels was quantified. The phenomenon of pulmonary-histopathology potentiation by FI-RSV was reproduced in the present study, thereby allowing us to investigate the effect of cytokine depletion on the process. Simultaneous depletion of both IL-4 and IL-10 completely abrogated pulmonary histopathology in FI-RSV-immunized mice. Depletion of IL-4 alone significantly reduced bronchiolar, though not perivascular, histopathology. Depletion of IL-10 alone had no effect. Depletion of IFN-gamma, IL-2, or both together had no effect on the observed histopathology. These data indicate that FI-RSV immunization primes for a Th2-, IL-4-, and IL-10-dependent inflammatory response to subsequent RSV infection. It is possible that this process played a role in enhanced disease observed in infants and children immunized with FI-RSV.
INVENTORI DIVERSITAS MAKROFAUNA TANAH PADA PERTANAMAN WORTEL (Daucus carota L.,)YANG DIBERI BERBAGAI IMBANGAN PUPUK ORGANIK DAN ANORGANIK

Putri Handayani. H. 0204014. Inventory of Soil Macrofauna Diversity on The Carrot Crop (Daucus Carota L.) that be Given Various Proportion of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer. Under guidance of Dr. Ir. Widyatmani Sih Dewi, MP; Ir. Sumani, M. Si, and Drs. Joko Winarno, M. Si. Agriculture Faculty Sebelas Maret University Surakarta. Soil macrofauna has important role in increasing soil structure, nutrient cycling, and controlling ecosistem stability. Intensive agriculture practice by using inorganic fertizer continuelly, without balancing with organic fertilizer can effects soil macrofauna life. One of the solutions that can be done is by using organic and inorganic fertilizer proportion so that the soil macrofauna excistency can be stable, soil condition can be better, so they can supports plant growth. The research aimed to study the proportion of organic and inorganic fertilizer effect to the nutrient availabilty, physics, chemistry on the Andisols and to the soil macrofauna diversity. Studying the relation between change of nutrient availabilty and soil macrofauna diversity caused by proportion of organic and inorganic fertilizer treatment to the growth, quantity and quality of carrot crop (Daucus carota L.) The research was a land experiment, using the environmental design Randomized Completely Blok Design (RCBD), with single factor treatment. As for the treatment is proportion of organic and inorganic fertilzer, consist of 9 proportion composition, i.e: control, 50% inorganic fertilzer, 100% inorganic fertizer, 50% organic fertilizer, 50% organic + 50% inorganic fertilizer, 50% organic + 100% inorganic fertilizer, 100% inorganic fertizer, 100% organic + 50% inorganic fertilizer, 100% organic + 100% inorganic fertilizer. To know the effect of treatment could be done by F test, then Duncan Multiple Range Test. The relation between various of variable was tested by correlation analysis. Form of functional relation between variable was done by regretion test. The result of the research shows that proportion of organic and inorganic fertilzer giving had non significant effect to the physics soil properties because of the time of the research was relaitive short but had sinificant effect to the nutrient available that be shown by the highest total N and K available was on the proportion 100%:100% that is 0,56% n 1,79 me%. The most responsive ordos to the fertilizer proportion were Hymenoptera and Coleoptera with the highest population density are 832/m2 and 1040/m2. The Hymenoptera population density was highly significant correlated with s carroten contents of carrot (r = 0,551) and was significant correlated to the carrot weight (r = 0,404). Key Words: proportion of organic and inorganic fertilizer, soil macrofauna, s carroten, carrot production
Identification of Combinatorial Patterns of Post-Translational Modifications on Individual Histones in the Mouse Brain

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins are biochemical processes required for cellular functions and signalling that occur in every sub-cellular compartment. Multiple protein PTMs exist, and are established by specific enzymes that can act in basal conditions and upon cellular activity. In the nucleus, histone proteins are subjected to numerous PTMs that together form a histone code that contributes to regulate transcriptional activity and gene expression. Despite their importance however, histone PTMs have remained poorly characterised in most tissues, in particular the brain where they are thought to be required for complex functions such as learning and memory formation. Here, we report the comprehensive identification of histone PTMs, of their combinatorial patterns, and of the rules that govern these patterns in the adult mouse brain. Based on liquid chromatography, electron transfer, and collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry, we generated a dataset containing a total of 10,646 peptides from H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and variants in the adult brain. 1475 of these peptides carried one or more PTMs, including 141 unique sites and a total of 58 novel sites not described before. We observed that these PTMs are not only classical modifications such as serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphorylation, lysine (Lys) acetylation, and Lys/arginine (Arg) methylation, but also include several atypical modifications such as Ser/Thr acetylation, and Lys butyrylation, crotonylation, and propionylation. Using synthetic peptides, we validated the presence of these atypical novel PTMs in the mouse brain. The application of data-mining algorithms further revealed that histone PTMs occur in specific combinations with different ratios. Overall, the present data newly identify a specific histone code in the mouse brain and reveal its level of complexity, suggesting its potential relevance for higher-order brain functions.
ICDAR 2003 robust reading competitions

This paper describes the robust reading competitions forICDAR 2003. With the rapid growth in research over thelast few years on recognizing text in natural scenes, thereis an urgent need to establish some common benchmarkdatasets, and gain a clear understanding of the current stateof the art. We use the term robust reading to refer to text imagesthat are beyond the capabilities of current commercialOCR packages. We chose to break down the robust readingproblem into three sub-problems, and run competitionsfor each stage, and also a competition for the best overallsystem. The sub-problems we chose were text locating,character recognition and word recognition.By breaking down the problem in this way, we hope togain a better understanding of the state of the art in eachof the sub-problems. Furthermore, our methodology involvesstoring detailed results of applying each algorithm toeach image in the data sets, allowing researchers to study indepth the strengths and weaknesses of each algorithm. Thetext locating contest was the only one to have any entries.We report the results of this contest, and show cases wherethe leading algorithms succeed and fail.
A Comparison of three Controlled Natural Languages for OWL 1.1

At OWLED2007 a task force was formed to work towards a common Controlled Natural Language Syntax for OWL 1.1. In this paper members of the task force compare three controlled natural languages (CNLs) — Attempto Controlled English (ACE), Ordnance Survey Rabbit (Rabbit), and Sydney OWL Syntax (SOS) — that have been designed to express the logical content of OWL 1.1 ontologies. The common goal of these three languages is to make OWL ontologies accessible to people with no training in formal logics. We briefly introduce these three CNLs and discuss a number of requirements to an OWL-compatible CNL that have emerged from the present work. We then summarise the similarities and differences of the three CNLs and make some preliminary recommendations to an OWL-compatible CNL.
eMatchSite: Sequence Order-Independent Structure Alignments of Ligand Binding Pockets in Protein Models

Detecting similarities between ligand binding sites in the absence of global homology between target proteins has been recognized as one of the critical components of modern drug discovery. Local binding site alignments can be constructed using sequence order-independent techniques, however, to achieve a high accuracy, many current algorithms for binding site comparison require high-quality experimental protein structures, preferably in the bound conformational state. This, in turn, complicates proteome scale applications, where only various quality structure models are available for the majority of gene products. To improve the state-of-the-art, we developed eMatchSite, a new method for constructing sequence order-independent alignments of ligand binding sites in protein models. Large-scale benchmarking calculations using adenine-binding pockets in crystal structures demonstrate that eMatchSite generates accurate alignments for almost three times more protein pairs than SOIPPA. More importantly, eMatchSite offers a high tolerance to structural distortions in ligand binding regions in protein models. For example, the percentage of correctly aligned pairs of adenine-binding sites in weakly homologous protein models is only 4–9% lower than those aligned using crystal structures. This represents a significant improvement over other algorithms, e.g. the performance of eMatchSite in recognizing similar binding sites is 6% and 13% higher than that of SiteEngine using high- and moderate-quality protein models, respectively. Constructing biologically correct alignments using predicted ligand binding sites in protein models opens up the possibility to investigate drug-protein interaction networks for complete proteomes with prospective systems-level applications in polypharmacology and rational drug repositioning. eMatchSite is freely available to the academic community as a web-server and a stand-alone software distribution at http://www.brylinski. org/ematchsite.
Evaluating the effect of scale in flood inundation modelling in urban environments

Cellular‐based approaches for flood inundation modelling have been extensively calibrated and evaluated for the prediction of flood flows on rural river reaches. However, there has only been limited application of these approaches to urban environments, where the need for flood management is greatest. Practical application of two‐dimensional (2D) flood inundation models is often limited by computation time and processing power on standard desktop PCs when attempting to resolve flows on the high‐resolution grids necessary to replicate urban features. Consequently, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of coarse grids to represent flood flows through urban environments. To examine these effects, LISFLOOD‐FP, a 2D storage cell model, is applied to hypothetical flooding scenarios in Greenfields, Glasgow. Grid resampling techniques in GIS software packages are evaluated and a bilinear gridding technique appears to provide the most accurate and physically intuitive results. A gridding method maintaining sharp elevation changes at building interfaces and neighbouring land is presented and estimates of the discretization noise associated with the coarse resolution grids suggest little improvement over current gridding methods. The variation in model results from the friction sensitivity analysis suggests a non‐stationary response to Manning's n with changing model resolution. Model results suggests that a coarse resolution model for urban applications is limited by the representation of urban media in coarse model grids. Furthermore, critical length scales related to building dimensions and building separation distances exist in urban areas that determine maximum possible grid resolutions for hydraulic models of urban flooding. Copyright ©, 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Agriculture in Transition: Land Policies and Evolving Farm Structures in Post Soviet Countries

Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 The Arena and the Common Heritage Chapter 3 Divergent Approaches to Reform: Land Policies Chapter 4 Divergent Approaches to Reform: Changes in Fram Structure Chapter 5 Reforms, Policy Environment, and Agricultural Performance Chapter 6 Lessons of Transition in Agriculture 7 Sources and References
Analysis of the Magnetocaloric Effect in Heusler Alloys: Study of Ni50CoMn36Sn13 by Calorimetric Techniques

Direct determinations of the isothermal entropy increment, \(-\Delta S_T\), in the Heusler alloy Ni\(_{50}\)CoMn\(_{36}\)Sn\(_{13}\) on demagnetization gave positive values, corresponding to a normal magnetocaloric effect. These values contradict the results derived from heat-capacity measurements and also previous results obtained from magnetization measurements, which indicated an inverse magnetocaloric effect, but showing different values depending on the technique employed. The puzzle is solved, and the apparent incompatibilities are quantitatively explained considering the hysteresis, the width of the martensitic transition and the detailed protocol followed to obtain each datum. The results show that these factors should be analyzed in detail when dealing with Heusler alloys.
Structured Noncommutative Multidimensional Linear Systems

We introduce a class of multidimensional linear systems with evolution along a free semigroup. The transfer function for such a system is a formal power series in noncommuting indeterminates. Standard system-theoretic properties (the operations of cascade/parallel connection and inversion, controllability, observability, Kalman decomposition, state-space similarity theorem, minimal state-space realizations, Hankel operators, realization theory) are developed for this class of systems. We also draw out the connections with the much earlier studied theory of rational and recognizable formal power series. Applications include linear-fractional models for classical discrete-time systems with structured, time-varying uncertainty, dimensionless formulas in robust control, multiscale systems and automata theory, and the theory of formal languages.