Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Substance Related Offending Behaviour Programme (SROBP): an exploration of gender responsivity and treatment acceptance issues for female prisoners

Substance-related offending poses a considerable problem for society. In response, criminal justice agencies have widely delivered cognitive-behavioural interventions, such as the Substance-Related Offending Behaviour Programme (SROBP), to both male and female offenders often based on assumed gender neutrality. Developing a systematic and ideographically relevant understanding of the treatment efficacy and acceptability issues may help ensure the responsivity of such interventions to the needs of female offenders. Semi-structured interviews were administered to 15 female prisoners who had participated in SROBP and transcripts were analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis. Three main themes emerged from the analysis: (1) important aspects of recovery, (2) supportive therapeutic processes, and (3) disruptions to therapeutic processes. The benefits of being able to disclose traumatic and adverse life events as well as improvements to motivation were particularly noted. Group functioning and emotional safety concerns were also reported as impacting on these benefits.
The limits to financialization

Over the past decade, the concept of financialization has moved from the periphery to the mainstream of scholarly inquiry across several social–scientific disciplines, human geography among them. The subject of a burgeoning, variegated literature advancing both theoretical delineation and empirical substantiation, processes of financialization, on many accounts, belong alongside those of globalization and neoliberalization as the defining dynamics of late modern capitalism. In the spirit of fostering a constructive dialogue, this article develops a broadly based critique of such accounts, one structured around the core idea of limits. Financialization, it suggests, is substantively limited, both as a concept and as the array of real-world processes to which that concept variously pertains. The article identifies and fleshes out five key sets of such limits and the connections between them: analytic, theoretic, strategic, optic, and empiric limits. If the concept of financialization is to do substantially positive descriptive and explanatory work going forward, the article submits, these limits must be explicitly recognized and their implications explicitly factored in. This, the article concludes, is no small challenge.
The Effect of Emotion Regulation Training based on Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Gross Process Model on Symptoms of Emotional Problems

همدقم هداد ناشن نیشیپ تاقیقحت یناجیه تلاکشم هک دنا دارفا زا ییلااب دصرد هدرک ریگرد ار فلتخم عماوج دنا . یم یناجیه تلاکشم هلمج زا هب ناوت دومن هراشا يدرف نیب تیساسح و تموصخ ،بارطضا ،یگدرسفا . یگدرسفا هناشن زا یعیسو فیط یب ،هدرسفا يوخ و قلخ دننام ،ینیلاب ياه تبسن یگقلاع اد تسد زا و هزیگنا نتشادن ،یگدنز تاذل هب ساسحا ،یتایح يژرنا ند و یشکدوخ راکفا ،یگدنامرد . یم لماش ار ددرگ . هناشن و مئلاع ،بارطضا مادنا رد شزرل و راشف ساسحا ،ندوب یبصع دننام ییاه سرت ،ندب ياه ياه هبنج یخرب و هدنیآ هب تبسن ینارگن و میب ،تشحو ساسحا ،یناهگان ياه یم رب رد ار نآ ینامسج دریگ . تموصخ یلامعا ای و تاساسحا ،راکفا لماش دنهد ناشن هک تسا ه یم مشخ زا یشان یفنم یقلخ تیعضو تیساسح و دشاب تراقح و تیافک مدع ساسحا يانعم هب يدرف نیب درف ، اب هسیاقم رد صخلااب ،نارگید رد سوسحم یتحاران و شمارآ مدع ساسحا ،دوخ نتفرگ مک تسد تسا نارگید اب طابترا نایرج . 1
Some problems with property ascription

We discuss the practice of property ascription in anthropology. While recognizing that it is an inevitable and often useful way to convey the knowledge that anthropologists have acquired through ethnographic fieldwork, we identify three of the most common ways in which ascription can be misleading. First, when a property is ascribed to a collective entity, but it is unevenly distributed among social sub-groupings; second, when an ascribed mental property is alleged to cause an individual's behaviour, but the property proves to be empirically unsupported; third, when a belief is ascribed to an individual, while another belief that effectively contradicts the first one is also entertained by that same individual. We review anthropological and psychological solutions to these problems.
Comparison of Serum Lipid Profiles between Normal Controls and Breast Cancer Patients

Background: Researchers have reported association of plasma/serum lipids and lipoproteins with different cancers. Increase levels of circulating lipids and lipoproteins have been associated with breast cancer risk. Aim: The aim of this study is to compare serum lipid profiles: total-cholesterol (T-CHOL), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) between breast cancer patients and normal participants. Materials and Methods: A total of 403 women in this study were divided into two groups in the period during May 2006-April 2007. Blood samples were collected from 249 patients with early stage breast cancer and 154 normal controls for serum lipid profiles (T-CHOL, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C) analysis using Hitachi 717 Autoanalyzer (Roche Diagnostic GmbH, Germany). TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C levels in breast cancer group were significantly increased as compared with normal controls group (P < 0.001), whereas HDL-C and T-CHOL levels were not. Results: The results of this study suggest that increased serum lipid profiles may associate with breast cancer risk in Thai women. Further studies to group important factors including, cancer stages, types of cancer, parity, and menopausal status that may affect to lipid profiles in breast cancer patients along with an investigation of new lipid profiles to clarify most lipid factors that may involve in breast cancer development are needed.
Play behaviour of children with autism spectrum disorders

Abstract Background We investigated the play behaviours of children with autism. Cognitive and social levels of play engaged in by 4‐ to 8‐year‐old children with autism spectrum disorders were examined in naturalistic classroom settings. In addition, play at home was compared with play at school via mother and educator questionnaires. Method Seventeen school‐aged children, their educators, and their mothers participated in the study. Each participant was observed for one free play session on 5 separate days. Results The most frequently observed play behaviours included parallel‐functional play, adult interactions, and solitary‐functional play. Mothers and educators did not differ significantly in their perspectives of the participants' play behaviours. In general, educators' and mothers' reports were positively related to researcher observations of participants' play behaviours. Conclusions This study provides baseline data for future research on the play behaviours of children with autism spectrum disorders. Methodological considerations and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
AN OUTCOMES STUDY OF JUVENILE DIVERSION PROGRAMS ON NON-SERIOUS DELINQUENT AND STATUS OFFENDERS

by MELODY J. STEWART This study uses a retrospective cohort design to explore the impact of juvenile diversion programs on non-serious delinquent and status offenders. The study examines the influence of demographic characteristics, legal factors, and diversion program components, on short term program outcomes for two juvenile Community Diversion Programs in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. The data for this study are from a non-random sample of juveniles (N = 533) who were referred to one of the two programs between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2004 as a result of having been charged with committing a delinquent act or status offense. The short term outcomes examined were program completion, recidivism, and offense escalation. The examination period was for one year from the date of program hearing with a one year follow up for those youth who completed the program or had their case dismissed. Using the perspectives of restorative justice and reintegrative shaming as theoretical guides, this study examines the relationship between diversion programmatic components and outcomes, hypothesizing that the amount of exposure to reintegrative program components would be positively associated with program completion and negatively associated with recidivism and offense escalation.
Family Contributions to Adolescents' Attitudes toward New Technology

In the first study presented in this article, 852 adolescents rated their favorableness toward new technology. When there were significant differences, males, and older adolescents tended to be more favorable toward technological issues than females or younger adolescents. In the second study, 158 mothers of adolescents from the first study said whether they had made efforts to help their adolescents develop technical skills. Adolescents' attitudes toward technology were sensitive to mothers' education and whether or not mothers helped their adolescents to develop technological skills. Mothers helping made a difference in youths whose mothers had less education; those youths whose mothers helped showed a more favorable attitude than those whose mothers did not help. Adolescents whose mothers had a college education were favorable toward technology whether or not their mothers helped. Results support the emerging view that family factors are central to adolescents'career development.
Bladder sparing approach for initial T1G3 bladder cancer: Do multifocality, size of tumor or concomitant carcinoma in situ matter? A long‐term analysis of 132 patients

Objectives: In T1 bladder cancer (BC) multifocality, size of tumor (≥3 cm) and concomitant carcinoma in situ (CIS) are used to stratify patients' risk. We compared the long‐term results in patients with initial T1G3 bc treated with transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB), bacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) instillations and repeat resection with special regard to these clinical risk factors. The aim was to determine if they influence the outcome in the bladder sparing approach for initial T1G3 bc.
Extended wear in perspective.

BACKGROUND Convenience and safety are major motivating factors in the choice of a mode of correction for refractive errors. Extended wear of contact lenses is associated with greater convenience than daily wear, but questions remain concerning the safety and risks associated with this modality. This paper investigates the hurdles that have rendered extended wear an unfavorable option thus far and seeks to identify strategies to overcome these obstacles. METHOD We review the history of extended contact lens wear, focusing on soft extended wear for cosmetic use. Results of incidence and relative risk studies for the major complications are scrutinized. The factors that are associated with increased risk together with mechanisms which have been proposed on based on scientific research are analyzed to derive strategies for preventing adverse reactions in extended wear. RESULT Infectious keratitis associated with extended wear of contact lenses has been identified by the community as a major issue, although the degree of concern may be disproportionate. Current perceptions of the relative risk of extended wear versus daily wear in the context of the risk for nonwearers may be misplaced, and the role of eye closure versus consistency and duration of wear remains open to debate. In the minds of practitioners and patients, other adverse reactions may be of greater significance in rejecting extended wear. Nonetheless, the potential extent of injury from infection demands attention. Studies collectively attest that corneal hypoxia during extended wear is a potential causative mechanism in infectious keratitis, suggesting that the provision of higher oxygen levels to the cornea will reduce morbidity rates from this unwanted complication. However, the issues of stagnation of the post-lens tear film during eye closure, mechanical properties of the lens, and lens movement remain unresolved and may prove to be contributing factors to adverse responses. CONCLUSIONS Attention to oxygen permeability and mechanical properties of soft contact lenses should solve the remaining problems with extended wear. Materials currently under development promise to meet at least some of the desired properties and may lead to the long-awaited advent of safe extended wear.
Forward and Backward Compatibility of Solder Alloys With Component and Board Finishes

The primary objective of the research presented in this paper is to qualify the reliability of mixed assemblies by comparing them to the conventional Sn-Pb assembly and completely Pb-free assembly. The research investigates both forward and backward compatibility in electronic assemblies using a design of experiments (DOE) approach. The investigation utilized a test vehicle containing an area array component (BGA169) and chip components (0603 resistors). Hot air solder leveling (HASL) and organic solderability preservative (OSP) surface finishes were used on the test vehicles to represent Sn-Pb and Pb-free alternatives, respectively. The assembled test vehicles were cut into two panels - one containing a resistor section for isothermal aging and the other containing a BGA and another resistor section for thermal shock. The assemblies were subjected to isothermal aging and thermal shock tests as per Interconnecting and Packaging Electronic Circuits/Joint Electronic Device Engineering Council (IPC/JEDEC) standards. The resistors were sheared in the "as-soldered" condition, and at various isothermal aging intervals and thermal shock cycles. In order to simulate an intermetallic failure in isothermal aging, a reduced shear height (20 mum) was used for the shear test. The performance of the resistor solder joints were quantified in terms of the shear force. The performance of the ball grid array (BGA) solder joint during thermal shock testing was quantified in terms of the number of cycles to failure. Experimental results from shear analysis of resistor solder joints show that Pb-free alloy assemblies' performance is superior to those assembled using Sn-Pb alloy. Also, the ductile nature of the Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) alloy provides the joints a better fatigue life. With the area array components, Pb-free assembly joints outlived the traditional Sn-Pb joints when subjected to thermal shock loading. Among the mixed assemblies, backward-compatible assemblies (Pb-free bumps and Sn-Pb solder alloy) showed superior performance. The microstructural analysis of the solder joints indicate a uniform distribution of lead in the solder joint matrix.
Resource Effects on In-Group Boundary Formation With Regard to Sexual Identity

Previous research has shown that resource scarcity decreases inclusiveness of racially ambiguous individuals when categorizing racial in-group members. Given that sexual identity can be visually ambiguous, the present studies sought to test this effect on in-group boundary formation for sexual identity in-groups. In Studies 1 and 2, participants were randomly assigned to view a slideshow representing resource scarcity or abundance (i.e., priming procedure). Next, participants categorized 24 photographs into sexual identity groups. As predicted, participants in the scarcity condition categorized fewer faces as in-group members compared to those in the abundance condition. In Study 3, a no-prime control group revealed that for straight participants, in-group overexclusion was due to a perceived resource scarcity, while for sexual minority participants, this effect was due to perceived resource abundance. Implications are discussed in terms of real-world applications of the findings as well as the methodology utilized in this study.
In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of a Hydrogel Reservoir as a Continuous Drug Delivery System for Inner Ear Treatment

Fibrous tissue growth and loss of residual hearing after cochlear implantation can be reduced by application of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone-21-phosphate-disodium-salt (DEX). To date, sustained delivery of this agent to the cochlea using a number of pharmaceutical technologies has not been entirely successful. In this study we examine a novel way of continuous local drug application into the inner ear using a refillable hydrogel functionalized silicone reservoir. A PEG-based hydrogel made of reactive NCO-sP(EO-stat-PO) prepolymers was evaluated as a drug conveying and delivery system in vitro and in vivo. Encapsulating the free form hydrogel into a silicone tube with a small opening for the drug diffusion resulted in delayed drug release but unaffected diffusion of DEX through the gel compared to the free form hydrogel. Additionally, controlled DEX release over several weeks could be demonstrated using the hydrogel filled reservoir. Using a guinea-pig cochlear trauma model the reservoir delivery of DEX significantly protected residual hearing and reduced fibrosis. As well as being used as a device in its own right or in combination with cochlear implants, the hydrogel-filled reservoir represents a new drug delivery system that feasibly could be replenished with therapeutic agents to provide sustained treatment of the inner ear.
Intracyclic Velocity Variation and Arm Coordination for Different Skilled Swimmers in the Front Crawl

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine whether the intracyclic velocity variation (IVV) was lower in elite swimmers than in beginner swimmers at various velocities, and whether differences may be related to arm coordination. Seven elite and nine beginner male swimmers swam front crawl at four different swimming velocities (maximal velocity, 75%, 85%, and 95% of maximal swimming velocity). The index of arm coordination (IDC) was calculated as the lag time between the propulsive phases of each arm. IVV was determined from the coefficient of variation of horizontal velocity within one stroke cycle. IVV for elite swimmers was significantly lower (26%) than that for beginner swimmers at all swimming velocities . In contrast, the IDC was similar between elite and beginner swimmers. These data suggest that IVV is a strong predictor of the skill level for front crawl, and that elite swimmers have techniques to decrease IVV. However, the IDC does not contribute to IVV differences between elite and beginner swimmers.
Improving two-thumb text entry on touchscreen devices

We study the design of split keyboards for fast text entry with two thumbs on mobile touchscreen devices. The layout of KALQ was determined through first studying how users should grip a device with two hands. We then assigned letters to keys computationally, using a model of two-thumb tapping. KALQ minimizes thumb travel distance and maximizes alternation between thumbs. An error correction algorithm was added to help address linguistic and motor errors. Users reached a rate of 37 words per minute (with a 5% error rate) after a training program.
Reading Skills and Function of Problem Behavior in Typical School Settings

The authors examined the relation between variables maintaining problem behavior and reading performance for elementary-age students. Participants were 51 students in Grades 4, 5, and 6 who had received two or more office discipline referrals in 2003-2004. Students were grouped by teacher-indicated function of problem behavior. The prevalence of behavioral function for students in general and special education is reported, and differences were determined for the number of discipline referrals and oral reading fluency rates. Chi-square analysis indicated differences in base rates of function between students in general and special education. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated significant differences in oral reading fluency by function of problem behavior, and follow-up analyses indicated significantly lower fluency scores for students whose indicated function was escape from academic tasks. These findings provide evidence for a coercion model in the classroom. The results are discussed in terms of the relevance of using functional behavior assessment and behavior support with general education populations.
Antagonistic activity of the fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia on mature and immature Toxocara canis eggs

SUMMARY In vitro tests were performed to evaluate the ability of 6 isolates of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia to infect immature and mature Toxocara canis eggs on cellulose dialysis membrane. There was a direct relationship between the number of eggs colonized and the increase in the days of interaction, as well as between the number of eggs colonized and the increase in the concentration of chlamydospores (P<0·05). Immature eggs were more susceptible to infection than mature eggs. The isolate Pc-04 was the most efficient egg parasite until the 7th day, and showed no difference in capacity to infect mature and immature eggs in comparison to Pc-07 at 14 and 21 days of interaction, respectively. Isolate Pc-04 was the most infective on the two evolutionary phases of the eggs at most concentrations, but its ability to infect immature eggs did not differ from that presented by the isolates Pc-07 and Pc-10 at the inoculum level of 5000 chlamydospores. Colonization of infective larvae inside or outside the egg was observed in treatments with the isolates Pc-03, Pc-04, Pc-07 and Pc-10. The isolate Pc-04 of P. chlamydosporia has great biological capacity to destroy immature and mature T. canis eggs in laboratory conditions.
Membrane transporters mediating root signalling and adaptive responses to oxygen deprivation and soil flooding.

This review provides a comprehensive assessment of a previously unexplored topic: elucidating the role that plasma- and organelle-based membrane transporters play in plant-adaptive responses to flooding. We show that energy availability and metabolic shifts under hypoxia and anoxia are critical in regulating membrane-transport activity. We illustrate the high tissue and time dependence of this regulation, reveal the molecular identity of transporters involved and discuss the modes of their regulation. We show that both reduced oxygen availability and accumulation of transition metals in flooded roots result in a reduction in the cytosolic K(+) pool, ultimately determining the cell's fate and transition to programmed cell death (PCD). This process can be strongly affected by hypoxia-induced changes in the amino acid pool profile and, specifically, ϒ-amino butyric acid (GABA) accumulation. It is suggested that GABA plays an important regulatory role, allowing plants to proceed with H2 O2 signalling to activate a cascade of genes that mediate plant adaptation to flooding while at the same time, preventing the cell from entering a 'suicide program'. We conclude that progress in crop breeding for flooding tolerance can only be achieved by pyramiding the numerous physiological traits that confer efficient energy maintenance, cytosolic ion homeostasis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) control and detoxification.
Poverty, Emigration And Family: Experiencing Childhood Poverty In Late Nineteenth-Century Manchester

The Manchester and Salford Boys’ and Girls’ Refuge offered a place of sanctuary for destitute children. It expanded rapidly during the late-nineteenth century and established a number of homes that catered for a range of childhood needs. This article focuses on the experience of children admitted to the Refuge and subsequently emigrated from one of its orphan home. It considers the processes of child migration by examining the relationships between the home and the family. The analysis questions middle-class ideas about the parenting of poor families, the economic motives behind emigration, and introduces a number of case studies to evaluate whether emigration achieved its goal of leading children towards a respectable life away from the city.