Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Has Curriculum-Based Assessment Become a Staple of School Psychology Practice? An Update and Extension of Knowledge, Use, and Attitudes From 1990 to 2000

Abstract Over the past decade, curriculum-based assessment (CBA) has received substantial attention in the empirical literature as a reliable and valid method for assessment of academic skills problems. Despite this attention, there have been only limited studies on the use of CBA by school-based professionals. The present study reports the outcomes of a national survey of school psychologists' self-reported knowledge, use, and attitudes toward CBA in their everyday practice. Comparisons are made to a similar survey conducted 10 years ago. Results showed that although a statistically significant increase in self-reported practice has occurred over the past 10 years, the change in level of reported use was small. Among those school psychologists who reported that they used CBA in their practice, the frequency of use was substantially higher than a decade ago. Although self-reported use of CBA has not greatly increased, CBA appears to have become a much more common part of the graduate training programs of school psychologists. Attitudes toward CBA appear to have remained stable over the past decade. Despite the changes to include CBA more often in the everyday practice of school psychologists, a large proportion of school psychologists do not appear to be using CBA in the assessment of academic skills problems.
Effects of the Antifungals Voriconazole and Fluconazole on the Pharmacokinetics of S-(+)- and R-(−)-Ibuprofen

ABSTRACT Our objective was to study the effects of the antifungals voriconazole and fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of S-(+)- and R-(−)-ibuprofen. Twelve healthy male volunteers took a single oral dose of 400 mg racemic ibuprofen in a randomized order either alone, after ingestion of voriconazole at 400 mg twice daily on the first day and 200 mg twice daily on the second day, or after ingestion of fluconazole at 400 mg on the first day and 200 mg on the second day. Ibuprofen was ingested 1 h after administration of the last dose of voriconazole or fluconazole. Plasma concentrations of S-(+)- and R-(−)-ibuprofen were measured for up to 24 h. In the voriconazole phase, the mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of S-(+)-ibuprofen was 205% (P < 0.001) of the respective control value and the mean peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was 122% (P < 0.01) of the respective control value. The mean elimination half-life (t1/2) was prolonged from 2.4 to 3.2 h (P < 0.01) by voriconazole. In the fluconazole phase, the mean AUC of S-(+)-ibuprofen was 183% of the control value (P < 0.001) and its mean Cmax was 116% of the control value (P < 0.05). The mean t1/2 of S-(+)-ibuprofen was prolonged from 2.4 to 3.1 h (P < 0.05) by fluconazole. The geometric mean S-(+)-ibuprofen AUC ratios in the voriconazole and fluconazole phases were 2.01 (90% confidence interval [CI], 1.80 to 2.22) and 1.82 (90% CI, 1.72 to 1.91), respectively, i.e., above the bioequivalence acceptance upper limit of 1.25. Voriconazole and fluconazole had only weak effects on the pharmacokinetics of R-(−)-ibuprofen. In conclusion, voriconazole and fluconazole increased the levels of exposure to S-(+)-ibuprofen 2- and 1.8-fold, respectively. This was likely caused by inhibition of the cytochrome P450 2C9-mediated metabolism of S-(+)-ibuprofen. A reduction of the ibuprofen dosage should be considered when ibuprofen is coadministered with voriconazole or fluconazole, especially when the initial ibuprofen dose is high.
Moving Away or Fitting In?: Understanding Shyness in Chinese Children

This paper reports on three studies of shy behavior in Mainland Chinese children. In Study 1 (N = 107, M age = 10.05), a Chinese Shyness Scale (CSS) was developed based on Chinese teachers' open-ended descriptions of children's shy behavior. In Study 2 (N = 388, M age = 10.80) and Study 3 (N = 198, M age = 10.20), the construct validity of the two forms of shyness that emerged in Study 1 (i.e., anxious shyness and regulated shyness) were examined in relation to children's social preference, temperament, and psychosocial adjustment. A distinct pattern of results was found for anxious shyness and regulated shyness. The findings highlight the role of culture in shaping expression of children's shy behavior.
Early hyperglycemia predicts multiple organ failure and mortality but not infection.

BACKGROUND Previous studies attempting to characterize the association between early hyperglycemia (EH) and subsequent outcome have been performed without utilization of a strict glycemic control protocol. We sought to characterize the clinical outcomes associated with EH in a cohort of severely injured trauma patients, when a strict glycemic control protocol was used. METHODS Data were obtained from a multicenter prospective cohort study evaluating clinical outcomes in blunt injured adults with hemorrhagic shock. Known diabetics and patients with isolated traumatic brain injury were excluded from the analysis. A strict glycemic protocol (target glucose, 80-110 mg/dL) was employed. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to evaluate the effects of EH on multiple organ failure (MOF), nosocomial infection (NI), and mortality, after adjusting for the effects of early death on subsequent infection rates. RESULTS Overall mortality, MOF, and NI rates for the entire cohort were 19.6%, 37.5%, and 42.2%, respectively, with a mean Injury Severity Score of 31.6 +/- 14. Cox proportional hazard regression confirmed that EH was independently associated with almost a twofold higher mortality rate and a 30% higher incidence of MOF, but was not an independent risk factor for NI, after controlling for all important confounders. There continued to be no independent association between EH and NI, even when stratified by infection type (pneumonia, catheter-related blood stream infection, or urinary tract infection). CONCLUSION These results suggest that EH is a marker of severe physiologic insult after injury, and that strict glycemic control may reduce or prevent the infectious complications previously shown to be associated with hyperglycemia early after injury.
Exploratory Study of Relations Between Prior Knowledge, Comprehension, Disorientation and On-Line Processes in Hypertext

An exploratory experiment was carried out in order to question the relationships between prior knowledge, comprehension performance, on-line processes and disorientation in a non-linear document (hypertext). 14 participants read a non-linear document about a virus' infectiousness process which imposed to learners to construct themselves their reading orders and also a structure of the document. Correlational analyses were conducted to test the relations between the variables. Results indicated that the prior knowledge was positively correlated with the learning performance, the coherence of the reading orders, and negatively with the time spent to construct a document structure. Correlations between the prior knowledge and the disorientation indicated a marginal negative relation. The results stressed also significant correlations between the on-line processes and the comprehension performance. Interestingly, the observed correlations between the on-line processes and the disorientation suggested that the disorientation was function of difficulties to construct the document structure rather than difficulties to construct a reading order. The present study highlighted how prior knowledge constitutes resources to process non-linear documents and what type of on-line processes are related to disorientation.
Overweight and body fat are predictors of hypovitaminosis D in renal transplant patients

Background Hypovitaminosis D has been frequently reported after renal transplantation, but the impact of obesity and other factors in the reduction of vitamin D levels is not well established. We aimed to evaluate risk factors contributing to hypovitaminosis D among nondiabetic renal transplant recipients (RTR) with serum creatinine <2.0 mg/dL, at least 6 months after transplantation. Methods One hundred RTR were subjected to anthropometric evaluation and body composition assessment through bioelectrical impedance analysis; blood samples were drawn for biochemical and hormonal determinations and clinical data were retrieved from the medical records. Results Hypovitaminosis D was observed in 65% and overweight (body mass index, BMI >25 kg/m2) in 59% of cases with a significant median weight gain after transplantation of 5.1 kg. An inadequate distribution of body fat was evidenced in 50% of males and in 58% of females. Patients with either vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency presented significantly higher median values of body fat and weight gain since transplantation, as well as lower lean mass compared with patients with normal vitamin D levels (P < 0.001). Moreover, median values of waist circumference, BMI, serum leptin and parathyroid hormone levels were significantly higher in the group with vitamin D deficiency. A multivariate linear regression analysis then revealed that body fat and leptin levels, but not skin color, gender, age, glucocorticoid use, renal function, microalbuminuria and other confounding factors, were independently associated with low levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 even after adjustments for seasonal variations. Conclusion In conclusion, the present study showed body fat and serum leptin levels to be the only independent risk factors for hypovitaminosis D among RTR.
Functional Organization of hsp70 Cluster in Camel (Camelus dromedarius) and Other Mammals

Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is a molecular chaperone providing tolerance to heat and other challenges at the cellular and organismal levels. We sequenced a genomic cluster containing three hsp70 family genes linked with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region from an extremely heat tolerant animal, camel (Camelus dromedarius). Two hsp70 family genes comprising the cluster contain heat shock elements (HSEs), while the third gene lacks HSEs and should not be induced by heat shock. Comparison of the camel hsp70 cluster with the corresponding regions from several mammalian species revealed similar organization of genes forming the cluster. Specifically, the two heat inducible hsp70 genes are arranged in tandem, while the third constitutively expressed hsp70 family member is present in inverted orientation. Comparison of regulatory regions of hsp70 genes from camel and other mammals demonstrates that transcription factor matches with highest significance are located in the highly conserved 250-bp upstream region and correspond to HSEs followed by NF-Y and Sp1 binding sites. The high degree of sequence conservation leaves little room for putative camel-specific regulatory elements. Surprisingly, RT-PCR and 5′/3′-RACE analysis demonstrated that all three hsp70 genes are expressed in camel's muscle and blood cells not only after heat shock, but under normal physiological conditions as well, and may account for tolerance of camel cells to extreme environmental conditions. A high degree of evolutionary conservation observed for the hsp70 cluster always linked with MHC locus in mammals suggests an important role of such organization for coordinated functioning of these vital genes.
Polarized Entry of Uropathogenic Afa/Dr Diffusely Adhering Escherichia coli Strain IH11128 into Human Epithelial Cells: Evidence for α5β1Integrin Recognition and Subsequent Internalization through a Pathway Involving Caveolae and Dynamic Unstable Microtubules

ABSTRACT Afa/Dr diffusely adhering Escherichia colistrain IH11128 bacteria basolaterally entered polarized epithelial cells by a CD55- and CD66e-independent mechanism through interaction with the α5β1 integrin and a pathway involving caveolae and dynamic microtubules (MTs). IH11128 invasion within HeLa cells was dramatically decreased after the cells were treated with the cholesterol-extracting drug methyl-β-cyclodextrin or the caveola-disrupting drug filipin. Disassembly of the dynamically unstable MT network by the compound 201-F resulted in a total abolition of IH11128 entry. In apically infected polarized fully differentiated Caco-2/TC7 cells, no IH11128 entry was observed. The entry of bacteria into apically IH11128-infected fully differentiated Caco-2/TC7 cells was greatly enhanced by treating cells with Ca2+-free medium supplemented with EGTA, a procedure that disrupts intercellular junctions and thus exposes the basolateral surface to bacteria. Basally infected fully differentiated polarized Caco-2/TC7 cells grown on inverted inserts mounted in chamber culture showed a highly significant level of intracellular IH11128 bacteria compared with cells subjected to the apical route of infection. No expression of CD55 and CD66e, the receptors for the Afa/Dr adhesins, was found at the basolateral domains of these cells. Consistent with the hypothesis that a cell-to-cell adhesion molecule acts as a receptor for polarized IH11128 entry, an antibody blockade using anti-α5β1 integrin polyclonal antibody completely abolished bacterial entry. Experiments conducted with the laboratory strain E. coli K-12 EC901 carrying the recombinant plasmid pBJN406, which expresses Dr hemagglutinin, demonstrated that the dra operon is involved in polarized entry of IH11128 bacteria. Examined as a function of cell differentiation, the number of internalized bacteria decreased dramatically beyond cell confluency. Surviving intracellular IH11128 bacteria residing intracellularly had no effect on the functional differentiation of Caco-2/TC7 cells.
Organizational Moral Values

Abstract: This article argues that the important organizational values to study are organizational moral values. It identifies five moral values (honest communication, respect for property, respect for life, respect for religion, and justice), which allow parallel constructs at individual and organizational levels of analysis. It also identifies dimensions used in differentiating organizations’ moral values. These are the act, actor, person affected, intention, and expected result. Finally, the article addresses measurement issues associated with organizational moral values, proposing that content analysis is the appropriate measurement technique to be used for an organization-level conception of moral values.
Personal perceptions and organizational factors influencing police discretion: evidence from the Turkish National Police

Unsupervised police decisions taken under stress inherently involve the exercise of discretion and remain questionable when considering the legitimacy of police behavior. Law enforcement agencies seek ways to control discretion to avoid the undesirable consequences of police discretion and maintain organizational legitimacy. Drawing on expectancy and value-based approaches, this study examines the role of extrinsic motivation, intrinsic value orientation and selective enforcement attitudes on the responsiveness of Turkish patrol officers. The findings of the study suggest that reward expectancy which represents the extrinsic motivational perspective, did not have a statistically significant relationship to responsiveness. Public service motivation representing the intrinsic motives of respondents, on the other hand, indicated a strong, positive, and statistically significant relationship with responsiveness. Officer attitudes toward selective enforcement negatively influenced officer responsiveness. Points for practitioners Unlike research that emphasizes the role of contingent incentives on controlling discretion, this study empirically reported that intrinsic rewards have an even stronger effect on officer behavior. The leader’s role is essential in making followers work towards the interests of the public and the well-being of society. Ill-designed extrinsic reward systems may crowd out intrinsic motives of employees and cause a decrease in work-related outcomes. This is especially true in hierarchical organizations where reward policies are more likely to be perceived as unfair.
A critical appraisal of foreign language research in content and language integrated learning, young language learners, and technology-enhanced language learning published in Spain (2003–2012)

This state-of-the-art review provides a critical overview of research publications in Spain in the last ten years in three areas of teaching and learning foreign languages (especially English): context and language integrated learning (CLIL), young language learners (YLL), and technology-enhanced language learning (TELL). These three domains have been selected for their relevance to current education policies and practices in Spain. This review aims to provide access for international readers to research published in Spain in the local languages or in English, within these innovative fields. El presente artículo ofrece una mirada crítica a las investigaciones en torno a la enseñanza y aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras en España en los últimos diez años. Este estado de la cuestión presta especial atención al inglés y aborda tres ejes que tienen gran relevancia en las actuales políticas educativas y las prácticas docentes en España: la introducción temprana de una lengua extranjera, el aprendizaje integrado de contenidos y lenguas extranjeras (AICLE) y el aprendizaje de lenguas asistido por ordenador (ALAO). Este artículo pretende divulgar internacionalmente los estudios publicados en el ámbito nacional, en inglés y en las lenguas vernáculas, en estas áreas de innovación.
Target-Dependent Enrichment of Virions Determines the Reduction of High-Throughput Sequencing in Virus Discovery

Viral infections cause many different diseases stemming both from well-characterized viral pathogens but also from emerging viruses, and the search for novel viruses continues to be of great importance. High-throughput sequencing is an important technology for this purpose. However, viral nucleic acids often constitute a minute proportion of the total genetic material in a sample from infected tissue. Techniques to enrich viral targets in high-throughput sequencing have been reported, but the sensitivity of such methods is not well established. This study compares different library preparation techniques targeting both DNA and RNA with and without virion enrichment. By optimizing the selection of intact virus particles, both by physical and enzymatic approaches, we assessed the effectiveness of the specific enrichment of viral sequences as compared to non-enriched sample preparations by selectively looking for and counting read sequences obtained from shotgun sequencing. Using shotgun sequencing of total DNA or RNA, viral targets were detected at concentrations corresponding to the predicted level, providing a foundation for estimating the effectiveness of virion enrichment. Virion enrichment typically produced a 1000-fold increase in the proportion of DNA virus sequences. For RNA virions the gain was less pronounced with a maximum 13-fold increase. This enrichment varied between the different sample concentrations, with no clear trend. Despite that less sequencing was required to identify target sequences, it was not evident from our data that a lower detection level was achieved by virion enrichment compared to shotgun sequencing.
Interactions of Human Organic Anion Transporters and Human Organic Cation Transporters with Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the interactions of human organic anion transporters (hOATs) and human organic cation transporters (hOCTs) with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) using cells stably expressing hOATs and hOCTs. NSAIDs tested were acetaminophen, acetylsalicylate, salicylate, diclofenac, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, mefenamic acid, naproxen, piroxicam, phenacetin, and sulindac. These NSAIDs inhibited organic anion uptake mediated by hOAT1, hOAT2, hOAT3, and hOAT4. By comparing the IC50 values of NSAIDs for hOATs, it was found that hOAT1 and hOAT3 exhibited higher affinity interactions with NSAIDs than did hOAT2 and hOAT4. HOAT1, hOAT2, hOAT3, and hOAT4 mediated the uptake of either ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, or salicylate, but not acetylsalicylate. Although organic cation uptake mediated by hOCT1 and hOCT2 was also inhibited by some NSAIDs, hOCT1 and hOCT2 did not mediate the uptake of NSAIDs. In conclusion, hOATs and hOCTs interacted with various NSAIDs, whereas hOATs but not hOCTs mediated the transport of some of these NSAIDs. Considering the localization of hOATs, it was suggested that the interactions of hOATs with NSAIDs are associated with the pharmacokinetics and the induction of adverse reactions of NSAIDs.
Principled Neural Partitions Among Aspects of Artifact and Action Concepts

The research in this dissertation investigates the neural implementation of conceptual knowledge: a level of representation characterized by broad generality and independence from all sensory or motor channels. Decades of neuropsychological work have established that conceptual knowledge is not represented in a single neural locus, but rather across multiple neural loci, and that these loci are often content-selective: they are responsible for certain aspects of conceptual knowledge (e.g., animals; color) more than others. On what basis are these partitions delineated, and what determines their cortical locations? The present work attempts to unravel some of these principles by identifying neural loci that represent non-concrete attributes of action and artifact concepts, such as functions, intentions, and outcomes. As investigated here, these aspects of concepts are not reducible to any particular sensory or motor qualities. This is beneficial in two ways. First, it presents an essential test case for a dominant theory of neural organization of concepts, which proposes that conceptual knowledge is organized by the sensory modality those concepts refer to. Second, it helps overcome a methodological issue in functional magnetic resonance imaging: the difficulty of dissociating conceptual representations from lower-level/sensory-motor associates. The focus on non-concrete properties enabled us to overcome this challenge. Our findings reveal that distinct portions of the inferior parietal lobe represent functions of artifacts and intentions/outcomes of actions. This suggests that different aspects of non-concrete conceptual knowledge are represented in spatially distinct neural areas, implying that neural organizing factors can be abstract. Furthermore, the cortical locations of these aspects of concepts were adjacent to computationally related cognitive systems: outcomes of actions were near an area involved in theory of mind, and
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: Possible Animal Model of Sleep-Related Movement Disorders

ABSTRACT Clinical experience suggests that restless legs syndrome (RLS), periodic leg movement (PLM), and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may co-occur in both children and adults. The purpose of the present study was to provide an electrocorticography and electromyography evaluation of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) to investigate the potential of this rat strain as an animal model of RLS–PLM. Initial work focused on evaluating sleep patterns and limb movements during sleep in SHR, having normotensive Wistar rats (NWR) as control, followed by comparison of two treatments (pharmacological–dopaminergic agonist treatment and nonpharmacological–chronic physical exercise), known to be clinically beneficial for sleep-related movement disorders. The captured data strengthen the association between SHR and RLS–PLM, revealing a significant reduction on sleep efficiency and slow wave sleep and an increase on wakefulness and limb movements for the SHR group during the dark period, as compared to the NWR group, effects that have characteristics that are strikingly consistent with RLS–PLM. The pharmacological and nonpharmacological manipulations validated these results. The present findings suggest that the SHR may be a useful putative animal model to study sleep-related movement disorders mechanisms.