Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk management practices in IT outsourcing projects

Risk management in IT outsourcing projects is a process of identifying, analyzing, controlling and reducing risks in IT outsourcing projects life cycle. Risk management is important as the practices of risk management will reduce the risks thus lead to success in IT outsourcing projects. Risk management should be conducted in IT outsourcing as it will foresee risks that might disturb the smooth flowing of IT outsourcing and prevent or reduce the impact of risks if they occur. Therefore, the primary objective of this paper is to analyze how organizations conducted risk management in IT outsourcing practices. The findings revealed that organizations highly considered the last phase of risk management in IT outsourcing which is on-going monitoring. The organizations least considered the first phase; analysis of decision to outsource whereas this phase is very important as a preparation to enter IT outsourcing activities. Therefore, even though other phases were highly considered, lack of initial preparation will reduce the probability of success in IT outsourcing. For future works, the weaknesses and vulnerability of current practices will then be enhanced and framework of risk management in IT outsourcing will then be developed.
The Characterization of Twenty Sequenced Human Genomes

We present the analysis of twenty human genomes to evaluate the prospects for identifying rare functional variants that contribute to a phenotype of interest. We sequenced at high coverage ten “case” genomes from individuals with severe hemophilia A and ten “control” genomes. We summarize the number of genetic variants emerging from a study of this magnitude, and provide a proof of concept for the identification of rare and highly-penetrant functional variants by confirming that the cause of hemophilia A is easily recognizable in this data set. We also show that the number of novel single nucleotide variants (SNVs) discovered per genome seems to stabilize at about 144,000 new variants per genome, after the first 15 individuals have been sequenced. Finally, we find that, on average, each genome carries 165 homozygous protein-truncating or stop loss variants in genes representing a diverse set of pathways.
Gender Dimorphism of the Cardiac Dysfunction in Murine Sepsis: Signalling Mechanisms and Age-Dependency

Development of cardiac dysfunction is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with sepsis. Increasing evidence shows that gender determines the degree of inflammatory response of the host and that females tolerate sepsis better than males. It is unknown whether gender affects the cardiac dysfunction in animals or patients with sepsis. To investigate this, male or female C57BL/6 mice were subjected to either lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/peptidoglycan (PepG) co-administration or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). At 18 hours after LPS/PepG injection or 24 hours after CLP, cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. The septic insult caused a significant cardiac dysfunction in both genders. However, the cardiac dysfunction was significantly less pronounced in females in comparison with males subjected to LPS (3 mg/kg)/PepG (0.1 mg/kg) or CLP. Compared with males injected with LPS (3 mg/kg)/PepG (0.1 mg/kg), western blotting analysis of the myocardium from females injected with LPS/PepG revealed i) profound increases in phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS; ii) significant decreases in phosphorylation of IκBα, nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit p65, decreased expression of iNOS and decreased synthesis of TNF-α and IL-6 in the heart. However, the gender dimorphism of the cardiac dysfunction secondary to LPS/PepG was not observed when higher doses of LPS (9 mg/kg)/PepG (1 mg/kg) were used. In conclusion, the cardiac dysfunction caused by sepsis was less pronounced in female than in male mice. The protection of female hearts against the dysfunction associated with sepsis is (at least in part) attributable to cardiac activation of the Akt/eNOS survival pathway, decreased activation of NF-κB, and decreased expression of iNOS, TNF-α and IL-6. It should be noted that the observed gender dimorphism of the cardiac dysfunction in sepsis was not seen when a very severe stimulus (high dose of LPS/PepG co-administration) was used to cause cardiac dysfunction.
N2H+(1–0) survey of massive molecular cloud cores

We present the results of N2H + (1-0) observations of 35 dense molecular cloud cores from the northern and southern hemispheres where massive stars and star clusters are formed. Line emission has been detected in 33 sources, for 28 sources detailed maps have been obtained. Peak N2H + column densities lie in the range: 3:6 10 12 1:5 10 14 cm 2 . Intensity ratios of (01-12) to (23-12) hyperfine components are slightly higher than the LTE value. The optical depth of (23-12) component toward peak intensity positions of 10 sources is0:2 1. In many cases the cores have elongated or more complex structures with several emission peaks. In total, 47 clumps have been revealed in 26 sources. Their sizes lie in the range 0.3-2.1 pc, the range of virial masses is30 3000 M. Mean N2H + abundance for 36 clumps is 5 10 10 . Integrated intensity maps with axial ratios<2 have been fitted with a power-law radial distribution r p convolved with the telescope beam. Mean power-law index for 25 clumps is close to 1.3. For reduced maps where positions of low intensity are rejected mean power-law index is close to unity corresponding to ther 2 density profile provided N 2H + excitation conditions do not vary inside these regions. In those cases where we have relatively extensive and high quality maps, line widths of the cores either decrease or stay constant with distance from the center, implying an enhanced dynamical activity in the center. There is a correlation between total velocity gradient direction and elongation angle of the cores. However, the ratio of rotational to gravitational energy is too low (4 10 4 - 7:1 10 2 ) for rotation to play a significant role in the dynamics of the cores. A correlation between mean line widths and sizes
Generalized log-linear models with random effects, with application to smoothing contingency tables

We define a class of generalized log-linear models with random effects. For a vector of Poisson or multinomial means m and matrices of constants C and A, the model has the form C log A μ = X β + Zu, where β are fixed effects and u are random effects. The model contains most standard models currently used for categorical data analysis. We suggest some new models that are special cases of this model and are useful for applications such as smoothing large contingency tables and modeling heterogeneity in odds ratios. We present examples of its use for such applications. In many cases, maximum likelihood model fitting can be handled with existing methods and software. We outline extensions of model fitting methods for other cases. We also summarize several challenges for future research, such as fitting the model in its most general form and deriving properties of estimates used in smoothing contingency tables.
ShapeNet: Convolutional Neural Networks on Non-Euclidean Manifolds

Feature descriptors play a crucial role in a wide range of geometry analysis and processing applications, including shape correspondence, retrieval, and segmentation. In this paper, we propose ShapeNet, a generalization of the popular convolutional neural networks (CNN) paradigm to non-Euclidean manifolds. Our construction is based on a local geodesic system of polar coordinates to extract "patches", which are then passed through a cascade of filters and linear and non-linear operators. The coefficients of the filters and linear combination weights are optimization variables that are learned to minimize a task-specific cost function. We use ShapeNet to learn invariant shape feature descriptors that significantly outperform recent state-of-the-art methods, and show that previous approaches such as heat and wave kernel signatures, optimal spectral descriptors, and intrinsic shape contexts can be obtained as particular configurations of ShapeNet.
Expression of the herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcripts does not influence latency establishment of virus mutants deficient for neuronal replication

Herpes simplex virus type 1 establishes latency within neurons of the trigeminal ganglion. During latency, viral gene expression is largely restricted to the latency-associated transcripts (LATs), which, whilst not essential for any aspect of latency, function to suppress lytic gene expression and enhance the survival of virus-infected neurons. The latent cell population comprises primary-order neurons infected directly from peripheral tissues and cells infected following further virus spread within the ganglion. In order to assess the role of LAT expression on latency establishment within first-order neurons, we infected ROSA26R reporter mice with Cre recombinase-expressing recombinant viruses harbouring deletion of the thymidine kinase lytic gene and/or the core LAT promoter. We found that LAT expression did not impact on latency establishment in viruses unable to replicate in neurons, and under these conditions, it was not required for the survival of neurons between 3 and 31 days post-infection.
Approximate Simulation of Elastic Membranes by Triangulated Spring Meshes

Spring meshes have been used to model elastic material in computer graphics, with skin, textiles, and soft tissue being typical applications. A spring mesh is a system of vertices and edges, possibly with highly irregular geometry, in which each edge is a spring, and springs are connected by "pin-joints" ("gimbaljoints" in three dimensions) at the vertices. This method is computationally attractive, compared to some alternatives. Given a specified set of elastic material properties, however, the question of whether a particular spring mesh accurately simulates those properties has been largely ignored in the literature. Additionally, previous reports on the technique are silent on the subject of assigning stiffness to the various springs. This paper shows that assigning the same stiffness to all springs fails to simulate a uniform elastic membrane, for equilibrium calculations. A formula for spring stiffness that provides a more accurate simulation is then derived. In its simplest form, this formula specifies that stiffness varies as triangle area over edge length squared. Its accuracy is demonstrated on test and practical mesh examples. It is also shown that, in general, an exact simulation is not possible.
Quasars near the line of sight towards Q 0302-003 and the transverse proximity effect

We report the discovery of the faint (V � 21.7) quasar QSO 03027−0010 at z = 2.808 in the vicinity of Q 0302−003, one of the few quasars observed with STIS to study intergalactic He ii absorption. Together with another newly discovered QSO at z = 2.29, there are now 6 QSOs known near the line of sight towards Q 0302−003, of which 4 are located within the redshift region 2.76 < z < 3.28 covered by the STIS spectrum. We correlated the opacity variations in the H i and He ii Lyman forest spectra with the locations of known quasars. There is no significant proximity effect in the H i Lyα forest for any of the QSOs, except for the well-known line of sight effect for Q 0302−003 itself. By comparing the absorption properties in H i and He ii, we estimated the fluctuating hardness of the extragalactic UV radiation field along this line of sight. We find that close to each foreground quasar, the ionizing background is considerably harder than on average. In particular, our newly discovered QSO 03027−0010 shows such a hardness increase despite being associated with an overdensity in the H i Lyman forest. We argue that the spectral hardness is a sensitive physical measure to reveal the influence of QSOs onto the UV background even over scales of several Mpc, and that it breaks the density degeneracy hampering the traditional transverse proximity effect analysis. We infer from our sample that there is no need for significantly anisotropic UV radiation from the QSOs. From the transverse proximity effect detected in the sample we obtain minimum quasar lifetimes in the range ∼10−30 Myr.
Covert and Implicit Influences on the Interpretation of Violence Risk Instruments

Forensic mental health practitioners are frequently asked to estimate the risk of future violence. Legal decisions concerning the sentencing, management and disposition of offenders often rely on the advice of such testimony. The burgeoning use of violence risk instruments in these settings undoubtedly injects a level of scientific rigour into forensic evaluations for courts and tribunals. Yet scrutiny of the inherent limitations of both risk instruments and the inferences and formulations drawn from them are often veiled by the discipline's endorsement for such approaches. Misconceptions about the validity and dependability of present-day risk assessments and expert infallibility persist. The furtive influences that shape both the (mis)interpretation and miscommunication of risk instruments in legal settings necessitate discussion.
Divergence of odorant signals within and between the two European subspecies of the house mouse

The olfactory acuity of mice allows them to discriminate odors of conspecifics differing by a few genes. This acuity is used in habituation procedures where investigation of novel odors by the mouse can be translated into relative difference or similarity between the stimuli. This study adapts these behavioral procedures to address suprapopulation divergence among urinary odors in the house mouse. Specifically, we investigate geographical patterns of odor divergence within and between 2 subspecies of the house mouse, Mus musculus musculus and Mus musculus domesticus, which diverged in allopatry and met secondarily in Europe where they hybridize. Based on M. m. musculus perception, our study suggests that odors of the 2 subspecies differ in both allopatric and contact zone populations and that divergence is more marked in the latter. Our earlier studies documented mate preference and signal divergence between the 2 subspecies. Hence, we consider the role of the urinary odors as mating signals. We discuss how signal divergence between the 2 subspecies may relate to reproductive character displacement. This study validates the use of habituation procedures to reconstruct geographical patterns of odorant signal divergence, providing a strong methodological platform to address reproductive character displacement affecting cryptic mating signals in mammals.
Long-Range Atomic Order and Entropy Change at the Martensitic Transformation in a Ni-Mn-In-Co Metamagnetic Shape Memory Alloy

The influence of the atomic order on the martensitic transformation entropy change has been studied in a Ni-Mn-In-Co metamagnetic shape memory alloy through the evolution of the transformation temperatures under high-temperature quenching and post-quench annealing thermal treatments. It is confirmed that the entropy change evolves as a consequence of the variations on the degree of L21 atomic order brought by thermal treatments, though, contrary to what occurs in ternary Ni-Mn-In, post-quench aging appears to be the most effective way to modify the transformation entropy in Ni-Mn-In-Co. It is also shown that any entropy change value between around 40 and 5 J/kgK can be achieved in a controllable way for a single alloy under the appropriate aging treatment, thus bringing out the possibility of properly tune the magnetocaloric effect.
Responses of neurons in the parietal and temporal visual pathways during a motion task

The visual cortex of macaque monkeys has been divided into two functional streams that have been characterized in terms of sensory processing (color/form vs motion) and in terms of behavioral goals (object recognition vs spatial orientation). As a step toward unifying these two views of cortical processing, we compared the behavioral modulation of sensory signals across the two streams in monkeys trained to do a visual short-term memory task. We recorded from individual neurons in areas MT, MST, 7a, and V4 while monkeys performed a delayed match-to-sample task using direction of motion as the matching criterion. This task allowed us to determine if sensory responses were modulated by extraretinal signals related to the direction of the remembered sample. We sorted neuronal responses as a function of the remembered direction and calculated a modulation index, MI = (maximum response--minimum response)/(maximum response + minimum response). In the motion pathway, we found virtually no extraretinal signals in MT (average MI = 0.11 +/- 0.01 SE, 66 cells), but progressively stronger extraretinal signals in later stages, that is, MST (average MI = 0.17 +/- 0.01 SE, 57 cells) and 7a (average MI = 0.23 +/- 0.02 SE, 46 cells). In contrast to MT, strong extraretinal signals for direction matching were found in V4 (average MI = 0.28 +/- 0.02 SE, 94 cells), a relatively early stage of the color/form pathway, even though this pathway is not generally viewed as playing a major role in motion processing. Some cells in V4 were also tested while the animals performed a color matching task. These cells showed memory-related modulation of their response when either color or direction was used as the matching criterion. We conclude that extraretinal signals related to the match-to-sample task may be stronger in the temporal (color/form) pathway than in the parietal (motion) pathway, regardless of the stimulus dimension involved. Furthermore, our results indicate that the temporal pathway is capable of making a significant contribution to motion processing in tasks where motion can be considered as a cue for the identification of object attributes.
Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics Integral Field Spectroscopy of a Tightly Collimated Bipolar Jet from the Herbig Ae Star LkHα 233

We have used the integral field spectrograph OSIRIS and laser guide star adaptive optics at Keck Observatory to obtain high angular resolution (0.06''), moderate spectral resolution (R ≃ 3800) images of the bipolar jet from the Herbig Ae star LkHα 233, seen in near-IR [Fe II] emission at 1.600 and 1.644 μm. This jet is narrow and tightly collimated, with an opening angle of only 9°, and has an average radial velocity of ~100 km s-1. The jet and counterjet are asymmetric, with the redshifted jet much clumpier than its counterpart at the angular resolution of our observations. The observed properties are in general similar to jets seen around T Tauri stars, although it has a relatively large mass flux of 1.2 ± 0.3 × 10-7 M☉ yr-1, near the high end of the observed mass flux range around T Tauri stars. We also spatially resolve an inclined circumstellar disk around LkHα 233, which obscures the star from direct view. By comparison with numerical radiative transfer disk models, we estimate the disk midplane to be inclined i = 65° ± 5° relative to the plane of the sky. Since the star is seen only in scattered light at near-infrared wavelengths, we detect only a small fraction of its intrinsic flux. Because previous estimates of its stellar properties did not account for this, either LkHa 233 must be located closer than previously believed, or its true luminosity must be greater than previously supposed, consistent with its being a ~4 M☉ star near the stellar birth line.
On the relationship between cognitive ability and field of study

The present study was conducted to investigate the existence of any possible relationship between the cognitive reflection test (CRT), numeracy and academic majors. The statistical population of this study consisted of 117 freshmen studying under the faculties selected from the University of Tabriz. The generalised structural equation modelling technique was employed for data analysis. The research results indicated that CRT and numeracy had positive and significant effects on high school and university program selection. According to the research model and the higher CRT scores of engineering and medicine (two popular majors) than that of other majors, it appears that individuals with higher CRT and numeracy scores are more inclined to get accepted into these programs. Moreover, the relationship between CRT and numeracy was positive and significant, where CRT acted as the cause and numeracy as the effect. However, the reverse need not necessarily be true. Keywords: Cognitive reflection, numeracy skill, academic majors, relationship.
Applications of In Ovo Technique for the Optimal Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract and the Potential Influence on the Establishment of Its Microbiome in Poultry

As the current poultry production system stands, there is a period of time when newly hatched chicks are prevented from access to feed for approximately 48–72 h. Research has indicated that this delay in feeding may result in decreased growth performance when compared to chicks that are fed immediately post-hatch. To remedy this issue, in ovo methodology may be applied in order to supply the embryo with additional nutrients prior to hatching and those nutrients will continue to be utilized by the chick post-hatch during the fasting period. Furthermore, in ovo injection of various biologics have been researched based on the ability of not only supplying the chick embryo with additional nutrients that would promote improved growth but also compounds that may benefit the future health of the chicken host. Such compounds include various immunostimulants, live beneficial bacteria, prebiotics, and synbiotics. However, it is important to determine the site and age of the in ovo injection for the most productive effects. The primary focus of the current review is to address these two issues [the most effective site(s) and age(s) of in ovo injection] as well as provide the framework for the development of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the chick embryo. Additionally, recent research suggests the colonization of the microbiota in the developing chick may occur during the late stages of embryogenesis. Therefore, we will also discuss the potentials of the in ovo injection method in establishing a healthy and diverse community of microorganisms to colonize the developing GIT that will provide both protection from pathogen invasion and improvement in growth performance to developing chicks.
From test count to code coverage using the Lognormal Failure Rate

When testing software, both effort and delay costs are related to the number of tests developed and executed. However the benefits of testing are related to coverage achieved and defects discovered. We establish a novel relationship between test costs and the benefits, specifically between the quantity of testing and test coverage, based on the Lognormal Failure Rate model. We perform a detailed study of how code coverage increases as a function of number of test cases executed against the 29 files of an application termed SHARPE. Distinct, known coverage patterns are available for 735 tests against this application. By simulating execution of those tests in randomized sequences we determined the average empirical coverage as a function of number of test cases executed for SHARPE as a whole and for each of its individual files. Prior research suggests the branching nature of software causes code coverage to grow as the Laplace transform of the lognormal. We use the empirical SHARPE coverage data to validate the lognormal hypothesis and the derivation of the coverage growth model. The SHARPE data provides initial insights into how the parameters of the lognormal are related to program file characteristics, how the properties of the files combine into properties of the whole, and how data quantity and quality affects parameter estimation.