Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-Organisation and Emergence

In this paper the state-of-the-art of research work concerning SelfOrganisation and Emergence is presented and discussed. One matter of scientific discussion are the terms themselves, as the scientific community has not yet agreed on what Self-Organisation and Emergence exactly stand for and how they relate to each other. Even though precise and commonly accepted definitions are missing, researchers have developed definitions and formal approaches, which they deduce from on own understandings of the phenomena. A second matter in the field of Self-Organisation an Emergence is how computer systems can be design and engineered to exploit Self-Organisation. A crucial point seems to be the modelling of Emergence. This paper introduces two formal approaches by which Emergence can be modelled: Entropy and formal languages. A seven-step-plan towards successful EOSA is suggested and used as a framework to considered the impact of both concepts.
Want students to engage? Contextualise graduate learning outcomes and assess for employability

ABSTRACT The ability of graduates to proactively develop, adapt and repackage their capabilities (or attributes) is an essential aspect of employability. This study was conducted at Deakin University, where graduate capabilities have been recast as graduate learning outcomes, and employability is frequently referenced. In light of significant curriculum reform to make graduate capabilities prominent, we investigated student perceptions of graduate capabilities and associated learning outcomes, as well as preparation for employment, to better understand how we can engage students in developing and showcasing their employability. We interviewed 45 students across 10 focus groups and qualitatively analysed their responses for commonly recurring themes. Focus groups were completed in two stages with data analysis and adjustment of questions between stages to enable validation and greater depth of understanding. Our analysis suggests that even with capabilities renamed as learning outcomes, students find graduate learning outcomes too generic to be meaningful and are most likely to engage with learning outcomes that are contextualised and assessed. Our case study illustrates ways to combat this – particularly the importance of assessment design and consistent, student-focused communication in engaging students in the development of capabilities and in the curation of evidence for employability. Students also suggest that advice from employers, professionals and recent graduates, and exposure to industry-related experiences could help make graduate capabilities more meaningful.
Effect of body mass index on functional outcome in primary total knee arthroplasty - a single institution analysis of 2180 primary total knee replacements

AIM To evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on short-term functional outcome and complications in primary total knee arthroplasty. METHODS All patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty at a single institution between 2007 and 2013 were identified from a prospective arthroplasty database. 2180 patients were included in the study. Age, gender, BMI, pre- and post-operative functional scores [Western Ontario and McMaster University Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and SF-36], complications and revision rate were recorded. Patients were grouped according to the WHO BMI classification. The functional outcome of the normal weight cohort (BMI < 25) was compared to the overweight and obese (BMI ≥ 25) cohort. A separate sub-group analysis was performed comparing all five WHO BMI groups; Normal weight, overweight, class 1 obese, class 2 obese and class 3 obese. RESULTS With a mean age of 67.89 (28-92), 2180 primary total knee replacements were included. 64.36% (1403) were female. The mean BMI was 31.86 (18-52). Ninty-three percent of patients were either overweight or obese. Mean follow-up 19.33 mo (6-60 mo). There was no significant difference in pre or post-operative WOMAC score in the normal weight (BMI < 25) cohort compared to patients with a BMI ≥ 25 (P > 0.05). Sub-group analysis revealed significantly worse WOMAC scores in class 2 obese 30.80 compared to overweight 25.80 (P < 0.01) and class 1 obese 25.50 (P < 0.01). Similarly, there were significantly worse SF-36 scores in class 2 obese 58.16 compared to overweight 63.93 (P < 0.01) and class 1 obese 63.65 (P < 0.01) There were 32 (1.47%) superficial infections, 9 (0.41%) deep infections and 19 (0.87%) revisions overall with no complications or revisions in the normal weight cohort (BMI < 25). CONCLUSION Post-operative functional outcome was not influenced by BMI comparing normal weight individuals with BMI > 25. Patients should not be denied total knee arthroplasty based solely on weight alone.
Retrieving Resource Availability Insights from Event Logs

Resources are a critical component of a business process as they execute the activities. These resources, especially human resources, are not permanently available and tend to be involved in multiple processes. However, a company might wish to analyze or model a single process. To this end, insights need to be gathered on the availability of a resource for a particular process. This paper presents a procedure to retrieve daily availability records from an event log, which express a resource's availability for the process under analysis while taking into account (i) the temporal dimension of availability and (ii) intermediate availability interruptions. Both the daily availability records themselves and the resource availability metrics that are introduced allow managers and employees to gain understanding in resource allocation to a process. The outlined procedure and metrics are applied to a real-life call center log, showing the need to post-process the daily availability records. Post-processing increases their comprehensiveness and is required to obtain meaningful values for particular metrics.
Phosphorylation and inactivation of PTEN at residues Ser380/Thr382/383 induced by Helicobacter pylori promotes gastric epithelial cell survival through PI3K/Akt pathway

Phosphorylation of PTEN at residues Ser380/Thr382/383 leads to loss of phosphatase activity and tumor suppressor function. Here, we found that phosphorylation of PTEN at residues Ser380/Thr382/383 was increased with gastric carcinogenesis, and more importantly, Helicobacter pylori was a trigger of this modification in chronic non-atrophic gastritis. H. pylori could phosphorylate and inactivate PTEN in vivo and in vitro, resulting in survival of gastric epithelial cells. Furthermore, stable expression of dominant-negative mutant PTEN or inhibition of Akt prevented the enhanced survival induced by H. pylori. These results indicate that PTEN phosphorylation at residues Ser380/Thr382/383 is a novel mechanism of PTEN inactivation in gastric carcinogenesis, and H. pylori triggers this modification, resulting in activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and promotion of cell survival.
Morbidity is related to a green living environment

Background: As a result of increasing urbanisation, people face the prospect of living in environments with few green spaces. There is increasing evidence for a positive relation between green space in people’s living environment and self-reported indicators of physical and mental health. This study investigates whether physician-assessed morbidity is also related to green space in people’s living environment. Methods: Morbidity data were derived from electronic medical records of 195 general practitioners in 96 Dutch practices, serving a population of 345 143 people. Morbidity was classified by the general practitioners according to the International Classification of Primary Care. The percentage of green space within a 1 km and 3 km radius around the postal code coordinates was derived from an existing database and was calculated for each household. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were performed, controlling for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Results: The annual prevalence rate of 15 of the 24 disease clusters was lower in living environments with more green space in a 1 km radius. The relation was strongest for anxiety disorder and depression. The relation was stronger for children and people with a lower socioeconomic status. Furthermore, the relation was strongest in slightly urban areas and not apparent in very strongly urban areas. Conclusion: This study indicates that the previously established relation between green space and a number of self-reported general indicators of physical and mental health can also be found for clusters of specific physician-assessed morbidity. The study stresses the importance of green space close to home for children and lower socioeconomic groups.
Identifying Determinants of Cullin Binding Specificity Among the Three Functionally Different Drosophila melanogaster Roc Proteins via Domain Swapping

Background Cullin-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligases (CDL) are key regulators of protein destruction that participate in a wide range of cell biological processes. The Roc subunit of CDL contains an evolutionarily conserved RING domain that binds ubiquitin charged E2 and is essential for ubiquitylation. Drosophila melanogaster contains three highly related Roc proteins: Roc1a and Roc2, which are conserved in vertebrates, and Roc1b, which is specific to Drosophila. Our previous genetic data analyzing Roc1a and Roc1b mutants suggested that Roc proteins are functionally distinct, but the molecular basis for this distinction is not known. Methodology/Principal Findings Using co-immunoprecipitation studies we show that Drosophila Roc proteins bind specific Cullins: Roc1a binds Cul1-4, Roc1b binds Cul3, and Roc2 binds Cul5. Through domain swapping experiments, we demonstrate that Cullin binding specificity is strongly influenced by the Roc NH2-terminal domain, which forms an inter-molecular β sheet with the Cullin. Substitution of the Roc1a RING domain with that of Roc1b results in a protein with similar Cullin binding properties to Roc1a that is active as an E3 ligase but cannot complement Roc1a mutant lethality, indicating that the identity of the RING domain can be an important determinant of CDL function. In contrast, the converse chimeric protein with a substitution of the Roc1b RING domain with that of Roc1a can rescue the male sterility of Roc1b mutants, but only when expressed from the endogenous Roc1b promoter. We also identified mutations of Roc2 and Cul5 and show that they cause no overt developmental phenotype, consistent with our finding that Roc2 and Cul5 proteins are exclusive binding partners, which others have observed in human cells as well. Conclusions The Drosophila Roc proteins are highly similar, but have diverged during evolution to bind a distinct set of Cullins and to utilize RING domains that have overlapping, but not identical, function in vivo.
Leukemoid reaction: spectrum and prognosis of 173 adult patients.

BACKGROUND The prognosis of patients with leukemoid reaction (LR) depends mainly on their underlying illness. Our aim was to investigate the etiologies and prognosis of a mixed group of patients with LR. METHODS We identified 173 patients who had ≥30.0 × 10(9) leukocytes/µL without hematologic malignancies. Causes of LR and factors contributing to death were analyzed. RESULTS Patients with LR constituted 0.59% of all admitted adults. The median age was 75 years, but 20 patients were aged <40 years. There was no difference in LR prevalence by gender (female/male = 88/85). Average white blood cell (WBC) count was 37.7 × 10(9)/µL. Fourteen patients (8.0%) had a WBC count of >50.0 × 10(9)/µL. The median duration of LR was 1 day, but 39 patients had prolonged LR (>1 day). Infection was the most common cause of LR (n = 83, 47.9%; 95% confidence interval, 40.7-55.4), followed by ischemia/stress (27.7%), inflammation (6.9%), and obstetric diagnoses (6.9%). Higher WBC counts were significantly associated with positive blood cultures (P = .017) or a positive Clostridium difficile toxin (P = .001). Antibiotics were prescribed for 140 patients (80.9%). Sixty-six patients (38.1%) died during hospitalization. Those with prolonged LR had an in-hospital mortality rate of 61.5%. Factors found to be highly correlated with death were age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.051, P < .001), any infectious diagnosis (OR = 2.574, P = .014), and sepsis (OR = 3.752, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS LR carries a grave prognosis, especially among the elderly and those with sepsis. LR was found to have multiple etiologies including infections, stress, inflammation, and obstetric diagnoses.
Role of Staphylococcus aureus coagulase and clumping factor in pathogenesis of experimental endocarditis

The pathogenic role of staphylococcal coagulase and clumping factor was investigated in the rat model of endocarditis. The coagulase-producing and clumping factor-producing parent strain Staphylococcus aureus Newman and a series of mutants defective in either coagulase, clumping factor, or both were tested for their ability (i) to attach in vitro to either rat fibrinogen or platelet-fibrin clots and (ii) to produce endocarditis in rats with catheter-induced aortic vegetations. In vitro, the clumping factor-defective mutants were up to 100 times less able than the wild type strain to attach to fibrinogen and also significantly less adherent than the parents to platelet-fibrin clots. Coagulase-defective mutants, in contrast, were not altered in their in vitro adherence phenotype. The rate of in vivo infection was inoculum dependent. Clumping factor-defective mutants produced ca. 50% less endocarditis than the parent organisms when injected at inoculum sizes infecting, respectively, 40 and 80% (ID40 and ID80, respectively) of rats with the wild-type strain. This was a trend at the ID40 but was statistically significant at the ID80 (P < 0.05). Coagulase-defective bacteria were not affected in their infectivity. Complementation of a clumping factor-defective mutant with a copy of the wild-type clumping factor gene restored both its in vitro adherence and its in vivo infectivity. These results show that clumping factor plays a specific role in the pathogenesis of S. aureus endocarditis. Nevertheless, the rate of endocarditis with clumping factor-defective mutants increased with larger inocula, indicating the contribution of additional pathogenic determinants in the infective process.
Mapping psychology students’ perspective on group peer-tutoring in statistics

Abstract Students in psychology generally have difficulties to successfully accomplish mandatory courses in statistics. Group peer-tutoring is a pedagogical strategy to support them with a peer that has already successfully mastered the content of such a course. In order to specifically tailor group peer-tutoring to the needs of students and to sustain tutees’ participation, it is important to understand how they conceptualize tutoring. The aim of this study was to provide an empirical investigation of psychology students’ conceptualization regarding cross-year group peer-tutoring in statistics. A multivariate concept mapping analysis generated a relevant three-cluster structure (Tutoring setup, Tutor knowledge, interpersonal skills, and relational dynamics and Student role and commitment to the course) that underlies students’ cognitive structure regarding group peer-tutoring. The implications of the results for selecting and training peer-tutors are discussed.
Coaches’ Perspectives on Personal and Psychosocial Development in University Sport

Evidence suggests Canadian university sport programs can foster positive development. Further, university coaches have claimed to focus on their athletes’ personal and psychosocial development. Despite coaches’ claims, little is known about university coaches’ strategies for enhancing positive development. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of the coach in fostering positive development in the university context from the perspective of coaches. Specifically, this study addressed two research questions: (a) Who was responsible for athletes’ development? and (b) What is the role of the coach in athletes’ development? Semi-structured open-ended interviews were conducted with 14 recommended Canadian university coaches (9 male and 5 female). Interviews were analyzed using an inductive approach. Coaches highlighted the conditions of university sport that foster positive development. In addition, the coaches described how they maximized athletes’ development by establishing a support network, b.
BlendFuzz: A Model-Based Framework for Fuzz Testing Programs with Grammatical Inputs

Fuzz testing has been widely used in practice to detect software vulnerabilities. Traditional fuzzing tools typically use blocks to model program input. Despite the demonstrated success of this approach, its effectiveness is inherently limited when applied to test programs that process grammatical inputs, where the input data are mainly human-readable text with complex structures that are specified by a formal grammar. In this paper we present BlendFuzz, a fuzz testing framework that is grammar-aware. It works by breaking a set of existing test cases into units of grammar components, then using these units as variants to restructure existent test data, resulting in a wider range of test cases that have the potential to explore previously uncovered corner cases when used in testing. We've implemented this framework along with two language fuzzers on top of it. Experiments with these fuzzers have shown improved code coverage, and field testing has revealed over two dozens of previously unreported bugs in real-world applications, with seven of them being medium or high risk zero-day vulnerabilities.
“Why Seek the Living Among the Dead?” African American Pedagogical Excellence: Exemplar Practice for Teacher Education

Although teacher diversity, teacher preparation, and student achievement are contemporary and overlapping issues, they have suffered from the absence of African American educational principles and traditions. African Americans cultivated a sophisticated system of developing and supporting numbers of African American teachers; however, U.S. sociopolitical tactics have suppressed this method, which presently, has obscured the potential of this approach to effectively respond to contemporary issues in teacher education. The authors of this article seek to address current dilemmas in recruiting and preparing a diverse teaching force by reorienting teacher education toward an underutilized resource—African American pedagogical excellence. This article outlines the core attributes of African American pedagogical excellence, including its historical genesis, and reveals ways public school desegregation has jeopardized the transcendence of African American pedagogical excellence within teacher education. The article concludes with possibilities and recommendations for moving African American pedagogical excellence from margin to center in teacher education.
Community-Based Physical Fitness Service Learning: Student and Volunteer Perspectives

ABSTRACT This article compares the post-activity perceptions of both the volunteer clients and student service providers in a community-based service learning project. Students served as either personal trainers or nutrition coaches for recruited clients during the final month of their respective classes. The clients were asked to rank different factors based on their relative impact on their motivation to adhere to their programs. The students were asked to rank the same factors based on how they thought their clients were impacted. Mann-Whitney U tests were run to determine if there were statistically significant differences (0.05 level) in the perceptions of students and clients regarding the relative impact of the factors. While the tests revealed no significant differences between the rankings of nutrition coaches and clients, personal trainers and clients differed significantly in the way they ranked certain factors. Implications for undergraduate professional preparation and/or certification of fitness professionals are discussed.
Dissociation of Coatomer from Membranes Is Required for Brefeldin A–induced Transfer of Golgi Enzymes to the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Addition of brefeldin A (BFA) to mammalian cells rapidly results in the removal of coatomer from membranes and subsequent delivery of Golgi enzymes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Microinjected anti-EAGE (intact IgG or Fab-fragments), antibodies against the “EAGE”-peptide of β-COP, inhibit BFA-induced redistribution of β-COP in vivo and block transfer of resident proteins of the Golgi complex to the ER; tubulo-vesicular clusters accumulate and Golgi membrane proteins concentrate in cytoplasmic patches containing β-COP. These patches are devoid of marker proteins of the ER, the intermediate compartment (IC), and do not contain KDEL receptor. Interestingly, relocation of KDEL receptor to the IC, where it colocalizes with ERGIC53 and ts-O45-G, is not inhibited under these conditions. While no stacked Golgi cisternae remain in these injected cells, reassembly of stacks of Golgi cisternae following BFA wash-out is inhibited to only ∼50%. Mono- or divalent anti-EAGE stabilize binding of coatomer to membranes in vitro, at least as efficiently as GTPγS. Taken together these results suggest that enhanced binding of coatomer to membranes completely inhibits the BFA-induced retrograde transport of Golgi resident proteins to the ER, probably by inhibiting fusion of Golgi with ER membranes, but does not interfere with the disassembly of the stacked Golgi cisternae and recycling of KDEL receptor to the IC. These results confirm our previous results suggesting that COPI is involved in anterograde membrane transport from the ER/IC to the Golgi complex (Pepperkok et al., 1993), and corroborate that COPI regulates retrograde membrane transport between the Golgi complex and ER in mammalian cells.
The effects of classical resonance islands in time-dependent quantum mechanics

We investigate the effect of the main classical resonance island on the quantal ionization probabilities for an excited one-dimensional hydrogen atom perturbed by a near resonant, periodic electric field. The classical and quantal ionization probabilities produced by a periodic electric field near the (1:1)-resonance show similarities and also remarkable differences; specifically both probabilities increase sharply at a particular frequency, just below resonance, but at a slightly higher frequency the quantal ionization probability is very sensitive to the field frequency whilst the classical probability is not. This sensitivity decreases as the resonant frequency is approached and very close to resonance classical and quantal probabilities are similar. We describe the origin of this behaviour and show how the classical dynamics profoundly affects the quantum mechanics even when the observable behaviour seems quite different. In order to compare classical and quantal dynamics near the (1:1)-resonance we develop a new approximation to the continuum. We also obtain a necessary condition that long-period orbits, producing islands within islands, affect the quantum dynamics; our conclusions differ from the interpretations of recently published results and we offer an alternative explanation of these results.