Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk behavior of runaways who return home

Purpose: Few studies have examined the risk behaviors of youth who run away and return home. Most studies have focused on youth who end up as chronic runaways or become homeless for whom the expected trajectory is a path filled with numerous negative outcomes. Methods: Using data from a multisite phone survey of a random sample of youth aged 16–20 years (N = 1191), we present comparisons of runaways and non-runaways on demographic and background variables, alcohol and drug use, and sexual behavior (sex without birth control). Also, reasons for running away and services received after running away were examined. Results: Runaway status was strongly associated with each of the risk behaviors examined. The adjusted odds ratios for runaway status were higher for all behaviors (alcohol use, binge drinking, illegal prescription drug use, and sex without birth control) compared with the odds ratios for the other independent variables. More than half of runaways reported running away because of family problems, and only about one-third received any services after the most recent runaway episode. Conclusions: The findings from this study suggest that running away from home is a risk factor for future risky behaviors (substance use and sex without birth control), even when youth return home and do not end up on the streets. Interventions are needed for youth who return home as it cannot be assumed that returning eliminates the risk of using substances or engaging in sex without birth control.
The thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH)-like peptides in rat prostate are not formed by expression of the TRH gene but are suppressed by thyroid hormone.

Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH)-immunoreactive peptides were extracted from rat prostate and divided into two groups by mini-column cation exchange chromatography. The amounts of the peptides in each group were determined by radioimmunoassay with a TRH antiserum. The unretained peptides which lacked a basic group and the retained peptides which possessed a basic group were further purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The unretained fraction was found to contain a series of TRH-immunoreactive peptides, one of which corresponded chromatographically to synthetic pGlu-Glu-Pro amide and another to pGlu-Phe-Pro amide. None of the TRH-immunoreactive peptides in either fraction exhibited the chromatographic behaviour of TRH. Additional evidence for the absence of TRH gene expression in the prostate was obtained by Northern blot analysis and by application of polymerase chain reaction amplification, which failed to reveal TRH mRNA. Furthermore the preproTRH-derived peptide, preproTRH(53-74), could not be detected by radioimmunoassay. The influence of thyroid status was investigated on the levels of the TRH-like peptides in the prostate. Adult rats were treated chronically with thyroxine (T4) or propylthiouracil (PTU) and the concentrations of the TRH-immunoreactive peptides were determined by chromatography and radioimmunoassay. Treatment with T4 caused the levels of the neutral and acidic TRH-like peptides to fall to approximately one-third of the levels in the controls. No significant difference from the controls was seen in the concentrations of the peptides in the prostates of rats rendered hypothyroid by administration of PTU. The results demonstrate that rat prostate contains TRH-immunoreactive peptides which are not derived from the TRH gene. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Managing Supply Chain Risk: A Supply-Side Perspective

In the past, most research on supply chain man- agement focused on initiatives that made supply chains leaner, faster and more flexible, resulting in highly efficient but more vulnerable operations. Our study draws upon the existing literature to develop a model for upstream supply chain risk management. We collected survey data from 162 companies among several manufacturing industries. In a path analytic model, we link three steps of the supply chain risk management process - risk identification, risk assess- ment and risk mitigation - with upstream supply chain risk performance. We also include the effect of a continuous risk management improvement process on the risk management activities in order to adapt to the requirements of a changing environment. The data provides robust support to all our hypotheses. The study contributes to the literature by elabo- rating some theory aspects in more detail and empirically confirming the contribution of upstream supply chain risk management activities to the actual supply chain risk per- formance. Managers benefit from the insights how risk iden- tification, risk assessment and risk mitigation activities in- fluence risk performance and which role a continuous im- provement process can play.
Trust and Subjective Well‐being after the Great East Japan Earthquake, Tsunami and Nuclear Meltdown: Preliminary Results

This paper presents preliminary results of an analysis of trust in governmental institutions and social networks after the disaster of 11 March 2011, as well as an investigation of the implication of such trust resources for subjective well-being. Using data from a postal survey carried out in the Tōhoku and Kanto region in September 2011, differences in trust resources are explored by regional proximity to the disaster area as well as by personal affliction. Levels of social trust prove to be generally high, whilst trust in governmental institutions is low, especially when personally affected by the disaster. Trust resources are shown to contribute positively to subjective well-being and thus to constitute an important asset in the process of coping with disaster.
Disjoint paths in hypercubes with prescribed origins and lengths

Given (i) any k vertices u 1, u 2, …, u k (1≤k<n) in the n-cube Q n , where (u 1, u 2), (u 3, u 4), …, (u 2m−1, u 2m ) (m≤⌊ k\2 ⌋) are edges of the same dimension, (ii) any k positive integers a 1, a 2, …, a k such that a 1, a 2, …, a 2m are odd and a 2m+1, …, a k are even, with a 1+a 2+···+a k =2 n , and (iii) k subsets W 1, W 2, …, W k of V(Q n ) with |W i |≤n−k and if a i =1, then u i ¬∈W i , for 1≤i≤k, we show that there exist k vertex-disjoint paths P (1), P (2), …, P (k) in Q n where P (i) contains a i vertices, its origin is u i , and its terminus is in V(Q n )/ W i , for 1≤i≤k. We also prove a similar result which extends two well-known results of Havel, [I. Havel On hamilton circuits and spanning trees of hypercubes, Časopis pro Pĕstování Matematiky, 109 (1984), pp. 135–152. ] and Nebeský, [L. Nebeský Embedding m-quasistars into n-cubes, Czech. Math. J. 38 (1988), pp. 705–712].
Unsupervised models for morpheme segmentation and morphology learning

We present a model family called Morfessor for the unsupervised induction of a simple morphology from raw text data. The model is formulated in a probabilistic maximum a posteriori framework. Morfessor can handle highly inflecting and compounding languages where words can consist of lengthy sequences of morphemes. A lexicon of word segments, called morphs, is induced from the data. The lexicon stores information about both the usage and form of the morphs. Several instances of the model are evaluated quantitatively in a morpheme segmentation task on different sized sets of Finnish as well as English data. Morfessor is shown to perform very well compared to a widely known benchmark algorithm, in particular on Finnish data.
Infant speech perception in noise and early childhood measures of syntax and attention abilities

Title of Document: INFANT SPEECH PERCEPTION IN NOISE AND EARLY CHILDHOOD MEASURES OF SYNTAX AND ATTENTION ABILITIES Elizabeth Sarah Sanford Blayney, Master of Arts, 2008 Directed By: Professor Rochelle Newman, Department of Hearing & Speech Sciences Childhood outcomes in syntactic and attention abilities were measured for 23 children (mean age = 5:3) who, as infants, had either succeeded or failed at identifying their name in the presence of multitalker background noise. Children from the unsuccessful infant group were rated by parents as having significantly more difficulty with attention-related behaviors than children from the successful infant group. The two groups did not perform significantly differently on standardized measures of morphosyntactic ability, but the unsuccessful group was found to have significantly lower MLUs on narrative language samples than the successful group. INFANT SPEECH PERCEPTION IN NOISE AND EARLY CHILDHOOD MEASURES OF SYNTAX AND ATTENTION ABILITIES
Increasing Returns versus National Product Differentiation as an Explanation for the Pattern of US-C

We evaluate two alternative models of international trade in differentiated products. An increasing returns model where varieties are linked to firms predicts home market effects: increases in a country's share of demand cause disproportionate increases in its share of output. In contrast, a constant returns model with national product differentiation predicts a less than proportionate increase. We examine a panel of U.S. and Canadian manufacturing industries to test the models. Although we find support for either model, depending on whether we estimate based on within or between variation, the preponderance of the evidence supports national product differentiation.
The intracellular domains of Notch1 and Notch2 are functionally equivalent during development and carcinogenesis

Although Notch1 and Notch2 are closely related paralogs and function through the same canonical signaling pathway, they contribute to different outcomes in some cell and disease contexts. To understand the basis for these differences, we examined in detail mice in which the Notch intracellular domains (N1ICD and N2ICD) were swapped. Our data indicate that strength (defined here as the ultimate number of intracellular domain molecules reaching the nucleus, integrating ligand-mediated release and nuclear translocation) and duration (half-life of NICD-RBPjk-MAML-DNA complexes, integrating cooperativity and stability dependent on shared sequence elements) are the factors that underlie many of the differences between Notch1 and Notch2 in all the contexts we examined, including T-cell development, skin differentiation and carcinogenesis, the inner ear, the lung and the retina. We were able to show that phenotypes in the heart, endothelium, and marginal zone B cells are attributed to haploinsufficiency but not to intracellular domain composition. Tissue-specific differences in NICD stability were most likely caused by alternative scissile bond choices by tissue-specific γ-secretase complexes following the intracellular domain swap. Reinterpretation of clinical findings based on our analyses suggests that differences in outcome segregating with Notch1 or Notch2 are likely to reflect outcomes dependent on the overall strength of Notch signals. Highlighted article: Functional differences between Notch1 and Notch2 can be attributed to the strength and duration of signalling, rather than the composition of the receptors' intracellular domains.
Is Kant a Moral Constructivist or a Moral Realist

Abstract: The dominant interpretation of Kant as a moral constructivist has recently come under sustained philosophical attack by those defending a moral realist reading of Kant. In light of this, should we read Kant as endorsing moral constructivism or moral realism? In answering this question we encounter disagreement in regard to two key independence claims. First, the independence of the value of persons from the moral law (an independence that is rejected) and second, the independence of the content and authority of the moral law from actual acts of willing on behalf of those bound by that law (an independence that is upheld). The resulting position, which is called not ‘all the way down’ constructivism, is attributed to Kant.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays adapted for serotyping of human rotavirus strains

Five enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay systems were adapted for serotyping human rotavirus strains and were compared with a sensitive complement fixation test in terms of specificity and sensitivity. The assays differed mainly with regard to the antibody systems involved in the double sandwich. Serotype differentiation of 34 rotavirus strains was achieved by determining a neutralization endpoint titer, either with a constant antiserum-varying antigen dilution method or vice versa. The procedure which proved to be highly specific and sensitive was one with two type-specific hyperimmune sera (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system 5) instead of only one, as in the four other systems.
Pupils as active participants: Diamond ranking as a tool to investigate pupils’ experiences of classroom practices

This article is based on a pedagogical action research initiative carried out in a Finnish primary school. Twenty-four 5th grade pupils and their teacher participated in the study. The research initiative was guided by two questions: (1) How do pupils experience their classroom practices? (2) How can pupils participate in the process of developing classroom practices through diamond ranking? Photographs, diamond ranking and written narratives functioned as mediating tools between the pupils’ experiences and the narratives of their classroom experiences. Drama lessons were the experiences that were most appreciated by the pupils. The pupils ranked experiential learning, learning games and group work activities as medium-level experiences in the learning projects. They ranked activities that were strictly structured, such as tasks from a book or notebook exercises, at the bottom of the diamond. In sum, the study reveals that diamond ranking, together with written narratives, worked well as a tool to capture the pupils’ experiences of classroom pedagogy. The activity gave each pupil the opportunity to participate in the process of gathering and analysing data, and to acquire agency in evaluating and developing classroom practices.
Are We On the Same Page? Effects of Self-Awareness of Empowering and Transformational Leadership

This study examines the effects of leaders' self-awareness of their own leadership on followers' satisfaction, self-leadership, and leader effectiveness. A leader's self-awareness was conceptualized as the degree of similarity between the leader's self-description and his or her followers' descriptions of leader behaviors. Transformational and empowering leadership are measured from 48 leaders and 222 of their followers. Results from confirmatory factor analyses provide support for two types of leadership: transformational and empowering. Results from polynomial regression analyses indicate that self-awareness of transformational leadership is related to leader effectiveness and followers' supervisory satisfaction. In contrast, self-awareness of empowering leadership is related to followers' self-leadership. These effects of leadership self-awareness extend beyond the direct effect of leadership on the outcome variables.
The Effects of Prior Cognitive Control Task Exposure on Responses to Emotional Tasks in Healthy Participants

Background: Recent advances have been made in the application of cognitive training strategies as interventions for mental disorders. One novel approach, cognitive control training (CCT), uses computer-based exercises to chronically increase prefrontal cortex recruitment. Activation of prefrontal control mechanisms have specifically been identified with attenuation of emotional responses. However, it is unclear whether recruitment of prefrontal resources alone is operative in this regard, or whether prefrontal control is important only in the role of explicit emotion regulation. This study examined whether exposure to cognitive tasks before an emotional challenge attenuated the effects of the emotional challenge. Aims: We investigated whether a single training session could alter participants' reactivity to subsequent emotional stimuli on two computer-based tasks as well as affect ratings made during the study. We hypothesized that individuals performing the Cognitive Control (CC) task as compared to those performing the Peripheral Vision (PV) comparison task would (1) report reduced negative affect following the mood induction and the emotion task, and (2) exhibit reduced reactivity (defined by lower affective ratings) to negative stimuli during both the reactivity and recovery phases of the emotion task and (3) show a reduced bias towards threatening information. Method: Fifty-nine healthy participants were randomized to complete CC tasks or PV, underwent a negative mood induction, and then made valence and arousal ratings for IAPS images, and completed an assessment of attentional bias. Results: Results indicated that a single-session of CC did not consistently alter participants' responses to either task. However, performance on the CC tasks was correlated on subsequent ratings of emotional images. Conclusions: While overall these results do not support the idea that affective responding is altered by making healthy volunteers use their prefrontal cortex before the affective task, they are discussed in the context of study design issues and future research directions.
Topical diquafosol for patients with obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction

Aims To evaluate the effect of topical diquafosol in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) using tear film parameters and quantitatively analyse the meibomian gland morphology. Subjects and Methods The subjects were 19 eyes of 10 patients diagnosed with obstructive MGD. All subjects were given 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution with instructions to use one drop four times a day. Ocular symptoms were scored from 0 to 14. Lid margin abnormalities were scored from 0 to 4. Changes in the meibomian glands were scored using non-contact meibography (meiboscore). Superficial punctate keratopathy (SPK) was scored from 0 to 3. Meibum was graded from 0 to 3. Tear film production was evaluated by Schirmer's test. Quantitative image analysis of the meibomian glands was performed using the original software. Results 10 patients completed more than 4 months of therapy. Ocular symptoms, lid margin abnormalities, SPK score and meibum grade were decreased. Break-up time and tear film meniscus were increased. Mean ratio of the meibomian gland area was significantly increased after treatment (p<0.0001). Conclusions Quantitative image analysis was useful for evaluating the morphological changes of the meibomian glands. Topical diquafosol therapy was effective for patients with obstructive MGD.
Applying the ‘Experience-Near’ Principle To Research: Psychoanalytically Informed Methods

This article is about how to preserve the vitality of the meaning conveyed to social science researchers by participants. I use the example of a qualitative, psycho-social project on the topic of how women's identities change when they become mothers for the first time. Psychoanalysis was used and adapted to understand both participants' and researchers' experience, and the relation of these to each other. I describe two psychoanalytically informed research methods, free association narrative interviewing and infant observation, and give examples of how, separately and together they can go beyond a text-based method and conceptualise identities in ways that avoid reproducing assumptions of rational, unitary, discursive subjectivity. In assessing how well the two methods worked, I focus my discussion on the observation method using four themes: dimensions of time, embodiment and practices, spatial sensitivity and multiple positioning, and how knowing is accomplished in research.
Open heart reoperations after coronary artery bypass grafting: the role of preoperative imaging with multidetector computed tomography.

BACKGROUND Injury to patent grafts or cardiac chambers may occur during reoperation after coronary artery bypass grafting. Preoperative spatial localization of bypass grafts with computed tomography may improve the safety of these procedures. OBJECTIVES To characterize patients who undergo CT before repeat operations after previous coronary artery bypass grafting, and evaluate its benefit in terms of surgical outcome. METHODS We compared 28 patients who underwent cardiac gated CT angiography before reoperation (CT group) to 45 redo patients who were not evaluated with CT (no-CT group). RESULTS The two groups were similar in most preoperative and operative characteristics. The CT group, however, included more patients with patent saphenous vein grafts and fewer with emergency operations, acute myocardial infarction and need for intraaortic balloon pump support. During mid-sternotomy, there was no injury to grafts in the CT group, while there were two patent grafts and three right ventricular injuries in the no-CT group. There was no significant difference in perioperative mortality (3.6% vs. 8.9%). The overall complication rate in the CT group was 21.4% compared to 42.2% in the no-CT group (P = 0.07). The only independent predictors of postoperative complications were diabetes mellitus, preoperative stroke and preoperative acute MI. CONCLUSIONS The patency and proximity of patent grafts to the sternum are well demonstrated by multidetector CT and may provide the surgeon with an important roadmap to avoid potential graft injury. A statistical trend towards reduced complications rate was demonstrated among patients who underwent CT angiography before their repeat cardiac operation. Larger series are required to demonstrate a statistically validated complication-free survival benefit of preoperative CT before repeat cardiac surgery.
Analysis of Gal4-directed transcription activation using Tra1 mutants selectively defective for interaction with Gal4

Promoter-specific transcriptional activators (activators) stimulate transcription through direct interactions with one or more components of the transcription machinery, termed the “target. ” The identification of direct in vivo targets of activators has been a major challenge. Previous studies have provided evidence that the Tra1 subunit of the yeast SAGA (Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase) complex is the target of the yeast activator Gal4. However, several other general transcription factors, in particular the mediator complex, have also been implicated as Gal4 targets. Here we perform a large-scale genetic screen to derive and characterize tra1 alleles that are selectively defective for interaction with Gal4 in vivo [Gal4 interaction defective (GID) mutants]. In contrast to WT Tra1, Tra1 GID mutants are not recruited by Gal4 to the promoter and cannot support Gal4-directed transcription, demonstrating the essentiality of the Gal4–Tra1 interaction. In yeast strains expressing a Tra1 GID mutant, binding of Gal4 to the promoter is unexpectedly also diminished, indicating that Gal4 and Tra1 bind cooperatively. Consistent with cooperative binding, we demonstrate that the Gal4–Tra1 interaction occurs predominantly on the promoter and not off DNA. Finally, we show that although Tra1 is targeted by other activators, these interactions are unaffected by GID mutations, revealing an unanticipated specificity of the Gal4–Tra1 interaction.