Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Petrogenesis of Cenozoic Basaltic Rocks from Jiangsu Province, China: Evidence from Geochemical Constraints

Cenozoic (Miocene to Pleistocene) basaltic rocks in Jiangsu province of eastern China include olivine tholeiite and alkali basalt. We present major, trace element and Sr‐Nd isotopic data as well as Ar‐Ar dating of these basalts to discuss the petrogenesis of the basalts and identify the geological processes beneath the study area. On the basis of chemical compisitions and Ar‐Ar dating of Cenonoic basaltic rocks from Jiangsu province, we suggest that these basalts may belong to the same magmatic system. The alkali basalts found in Jiangsu province have higher σFeO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, TiO2 and P2O5 and incompatible elements, but lower Al2O3 and compatible elements contents than olivine tholeiite which may be caused by fractional crystallization of olivine, pyroxene and minor plagioclase. In Jiangsu basaltic rocks the incompatible elements increase with decreasing MgO/σFeO ratios. The primitive mantle‐normalized incompatible elements and chondrite‐normalized REE patterns of basaltic rocks found in Jiangsu province are similar to those of OIB. Partial loss of the mantle Uthosphere accompanied by rising of asthenospheric mantle may accelerate the generation of the basaltic magma. The 143Nd/144Nd vs. 87Sr/86Sr plot indicates a mixing of a depleted asthenospheric mantle source and an EM1 component in the study area. According to Shaw's equation, the basalts from Jiangsu province may be formed by 1%–5% partial melting of a depleted asthenospheric mantle source. On the basis of Ar‐Ar ages of this study and the fractional crystallization model proposed by Brooks and Nielsen (1982), we suggest that basalts from Jiangsu province may belong to a magmatic system with JF‐2 as the primitive magma which has undergone fractional crystallization and evolved progressively to produce other types of basalts.
ARE HIGHLY STRUCTURED JOB INTERVIEWS RESISTANT TO DEMOGRAPHIC SIMILARITY EFFECTS

This study examines the extent to which highly structured job interviews are resistant to demographic similarity effects. The sample comprised nearly 20,000 applicants for a managerial-level position in a large organization. Findings were unequivocal: Main effects of applicant gender and race were not associated with interviewers’ ratings of applicant performance nor was applicant–interviewer similarity with regard to gender and race. These findings address past inconsistencies in research on demographic similarity effects in employment interviews and demonstrate the value of using highly structured interviews to minimize the potential influence of applicant demographic characteristics on selection decisions.
In vivo digestion of infant formula in piglets: protein digestion kinetics and release of bioactive peptides

The first months of life correspond to a key period in human life where dramatic physiological changes (establishment of microbiota, development of the immune system, etc.) occur. In order to better control these changes it is necessary to understand the behaviour of food in the gastrointestinal tract of the newborn. Infant formula is the only food for the newborn when breast-feeding is impossible. The kinetics of digestion of milk proteins and the nature of the peptides liberated in the small intestine throughout infant formula digestion have never been extensively investigated so far and were therefore studied using the piglet as a model of the newborn child. Piglets were fed infant formula by an automatic delivery system during 28 d, and slaughtered 30, 90 and 210 min after the last meal. Contents of stomach, proximal and median jejunum and ileum were collected and characterised. The extent of β-lactoglobulin (β-lg), α-lactalbumin (α-la) and casein proteolysis was monitored by inhibition ELISA, SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting and MS. At 30 min after the last meal, caseins were shown to be extensively hydrolysed in the stomach. Nevertheless, peptides originating mainly from β-caseins (from 509 to 2510 Da) were identified in the jejunum and ileum of the piglets. β-Lg partially resisted gastric digestion but completely disappeared in the stomach after 210 min. α-La had a similar behaviour to that of β-lg. Two large peptides (4276 and 2674 Da) generated from β-lg were present in the ileum after 30 and 210 min and only one (2674 Da) after 90 min.
Modulation of In Vitro Fungicidal Activity of Human Lactoferrin against Candida albicans by Extracellular Cation Concentration and Target Cell Metabolic Activity

ABSTRACT The anti-Candida activity of the innate defense protein human lactoferrin was investigated. Lactoferrin displayed a clear fungicidal effect against Candida albicans only under low-strength conditions. This candidacidal activity was inversely correlated with the extracellular concentration of the monovalent cations and was prevented by Na+ and K+ (≥30 mM) and by divalent cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+ at ≥4 mM). A slight cellular release of K+, cytosolic acidification, and a change in the membrane potential were observed in C. albicans cells treated with lactoferrin, suggesting that this protein directly or indirectly interacts with the cytoplasmic membrane. Mitochondrial inhibitors (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, 2,4-dinitrophenol, azide, and antimycin) as well as anaerobic conditions significantly reduced the killing effect of lactoferrin. These results suggest that low-strength conditions and the cellular metabolic state may modulate the candidacidal activity of human lactoferrin.
Thought Recognition: Predicting and Decoding Brain Activity Using the Zero-Shot Learning Model

Machine learning algorithms have been successfully applied to learning classifiers in many domains such as computer vision, fraud detection, and brain image analysis. Typically, classifiers are trained to predict a class value given a set of labeled training data that includes all possible class values, and sometimes additional unlabeled training data. Little research has been performed where the possible values for the class variable include values that have been omitted from the training examples. This is an important problem setting, especially in domains where the class value can take on many values, and the cost of obtaining labeled examples for all values is high. We show that the key to addressing this problem is not predicting the held-out classes directly, but rather by recognizing the semantic properties of the classes such as their physical or functional attributes. We formalize this method as zero-shot learning and show that by utilizing semantic knowledge mined from large text corpora and crowd-sourced humans, we can discriminate classes without explicitly collecting examples of those classes for a training set. As a case study, we consider this problem in the context of thought recognition, where the goal is to classify the pattern of brain activity observed from a non-invasive neural recording device. Specifically, we train classifiers to predict a specific concrete noun that a person is thinking about based on an observed image of that person's neural activity. We show that by predicting the semantic properties of the nouns such as "is it heavy? " and "is it edible? ", we can discriminate concrete nouns that people are thinking about, even without explicitly collecting examples of those nouns for a training set. Further, this allows discrimination of certain nouns that are within the same category with significantly higher accuracies than previous work. In addition to being an important step forward for neural imaging and brain-computer-interfaces, we show that the zero-shot learning model has important implications for the broader machine learning community by providing a means for learning algorithms to extrapolate beyond their explicit training set.
Improving the Performance of Chaos-Based Modulations Via Serial Concatenation

This paper proposes a serially concatenated system with an outer convolutional channel encoder and an inner chaos-based coded modulator. With the help of the principles of symbolic dynamics, the chaotic modulation can be described in terms of a trellis. Owing to this, we show that the resulting system can be designed and analyzed following developments made for serially concatenated channel codes (SCCCs) or bit-interleaved coded-modulation systems. We show how the iterative decoding algorithm used in this concatenated framework can be analyzed through the well-known extrinsic information transfer chart device and how the bit error rate can be bounded using the transfer function of the convolutional channel encoder. Comparison with a related SCCC system in both additive white Gaussian noise and frequency-nonselective fading channels shows that this kind of chaos-based systems keeps the potential advantages of coded-modulation-based systems. We are thus confident that the principles shown here can lead to the design of competitive chaotic discrete communication systems.
“Sarsen Stones” at German Hill, Central Otago, New Zealand, and Their Potential for In Situ Cosmogenic Isotope Dating of Landscape Evolution

10Be concentrations measured in silica‐cemented Tertiary sandstones in Central Otago have yielded minimum exposure ages of up to 1400 ka, some of the oldest ever recorded outside the dry valleys of Antarctica and some arid deserts. The silica‐cemented sandstones outcrop as boulders in a region where their exposure is caused by the growth of anticlinal ridges above blind reverse faults. Initial studies using a combination of in situ cosmogenic isotope measurements and geomorphological observations on one range have demonstrated the potential of this technique to investigate Late Cenozoic fault growth and erosion rates. The best‐exposed and preserved occurrence of the quartz‐rich boulders is at German Hill on North Rough Ridge, where their stratigraphic context and their sedimentary and diagenetic origin, together with their method of emplacement and preservation on the modern land surface, can be studied in detail. These are all features that affect their suitability for cosmogenic isotope studies of landscape development and are discussed in this article. 10Be concentrations in the German Hill rocks yield minimum exposure ages of 600–1300 ka, and it is possible that these concentrations are not in saturated steady state with respect to erosion. These ages imply that the uplift of North Rough Ridge by its underlying fault is a Quaternary phenomenon. This conclusion has implications for the likely earthquake recurrence on the fault, which with an estimated average long‐term slip rate of 0.5 mm yr−1, is expected to be infrequent.
A fast heart sounds detection and heart murmur classification algorithm

This paper extends our previous studies and presents a fast, automatic cardiac auscultation scoring system that effectively identifies the first and second heart sounds (S1 and S2) and extracts clinical features of heart murmurs to assist clinical diagnosis. Using the indices derived from AR modeling, the underlying scoring system is capable of detecting and identifying S1 and S2, dissecting the systole and the diastole for further analysis and extracting heart murmurs features found within, such as timing, duration, loudness (intensity), pitch and shape of murmurs. To achieve a broader spectrum of application, only the relative duration difference between systole and diastole was used as the a priori information to identify S1 and S2. This algorithm is particularly suited for an embedded system implementation with ease of calculations while maintaining accuracy and effectiveness. The suggested has been successfully evaluated with multiple cardiac cycles, where each systole and diastole was accurately identified and isolated. The performance of the approach has met good success using clinical data from patients with a variety of systolic murmur episodes.
Complex craters: Relationship of stratigraphy and rings to impact conditions

One of the key issues associated with the understanding of large scale impacts is how the observable complex crater structural features (e.g., central peaks and pits, flat floors, ring shaped ridges and depressions, stratigraphic modifications, and faults) relate to the impactor's parameters (e.g., radius, velocity, and density) and the nonobservable transient crater measures (e.g., depth of penetration and diameter at maximum penetration). We have numerically modeled large-scale impacts on planets for a range of impactor parameters, gravity and planetary material strengths. From these we found that the collapse of the transient cavity results in the development of a tall, transient central peak that oscillates and drives surface waves that are arrested by the balance between gravitational forces and planetary strength to produce a wide range of the observed surface features. In addition, we found that the underlying stratigraphy is inverted outside of the transient cavity diameter (overturned flap region), but not inside. This change in stratigraphy is observable by remote sensing, drilling, seismic imaging and gravity mapping techniques. We used the above results to develop scaling laws and to make estimates of the impact parameters for the Chicxulub impact and also compared the calculated stratigraphic profile with the internal structure model developed by Hildebrand et. al. [1998], using gravity, seismic and other field data. For a stratigraphy rotation diameter of 90 km, the maximum depth of penetration is ∼43 km. The impactor diameter was also calculated. From the scaling relationships we get for a 2.7 g/cm^3 asteroid impacting at 20 km/s, or a 1.0 g/cm^3 comet impacting at 40 km/s, an impactor diameter of ∼13 km, and for a comet impacting at 60 km/s, an impactor diameter of ∼10 km.
Using Levoglucosan as a Molecular Marker for the Long-Range Transport of Biomass Combustion Aerosols

Samples of ambient particulate matter (PM10) collected during a regional haze episode are analyzed for the molecular marker levoglucosan (1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucopyranose) to track biomass-combustion generated aerosol. The particle samples were collected as part of an increased monitoring effort to measure the effect of emissions from biomass fires in Mexico and Central America on ambient particle concentrations in Texas. Atmospheric concentrations of levoglucosan quantified from PM10 samples collected at 9 sites in Texas vary from 0.2 to 1.2 μg m-3. Levoglucosan concentrations are highest at border and coastal locations, where it represents between 1.1 and 1.3% of the total PM10 mass concentrations measured. To be used as a tracer for the long-range transport of biomass aerosol, levoglucosan must be conserved in transport from source to receptor and not be subject to atmospheric reactions that would selectively remove the marker. One possible reaction specific to levoglucosan, acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, is .
Cryptanalysis of a new instance of McEliece cryptosystem based on QC-LDPC Codes

We adopt a class of quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check codes that allow to overcome the main limitations of the original McEliece cryptosystem based on Goppa codes, that are large key size and low transmission rate. The codes are designed by using a new algorithm based on "random difference families" that permits to construct very large sets of equivalent codes. An extensive cryptanalysis is developed to verify the security level achievable through a selected choice of the system parameters. While previous versions of the McEliece cryptosystem based on LDPC codes are vulnerable to the considered attacks, a new scheme is proposed that ensures satisfactory system robustness with reduced key size and increased transmission rate. Moreover, it is established that the new cryptosystem can be fast enough to justify its adoption as an alternative to widespread solutions, like RSA.
Secrecy Sum Rate Maximization in Non-orthogonal Multiple Access

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been recognized as a promising technique for providing high data rates in 5G systems. This letter is to study physical layer security in a single-input single-output (SISO) NOMA system consisting of a transmitter, multiple legitimate users and an eavesdropper. The aim of this letter is to maximize the secrecy sum rate (SSR) of the NOMA system subject to the users' quality of service (QoS) requirements. We firstly identify the feasible region of the transmit power for satisfying all users' QoS requirements. Then we derive the closed-form expression of an optimal power allocation policy that maximizes the SSR. Numerical results are provided to show a significant SSR improvement by NOMA compared with conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA).
Neonatal magnetic resonance imaging in double aortic arch diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound

Congenital double aortic arch (DAA) is an uncommon vascular anomaly; however, its prenatal detection is associated with congenital heart defects and chromosomal abnormalities, including 22q11 deletion. We present a case of DAA diagnosed prenatally. DAA can be diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound in the transverse three vessel-trachea view, which shows a trident image formed by a complete vascular ring and the ductus arteriosus. Postnatal magnetic resonance images in this view correlate well with prenatal ultrasound images and help in confirmation of diagnosis, evaluation of the risk of airway or esophageal compression, and planning of surgery.
Glacier changes using satellite data and effect of climate in Tirungkhad basin located in western Himalaya

Glaciers are widely recognized as key indicators of climate change, and melt water obtained from them is an important source of fresh water and for hydropower generation. Regular monitoring of a large number of Himalayan glaciers is important for improving our knowledge of glacier response to climate change. In the present study, Survey of India topographical maps (1966) and Landsat datasets as ETM+ (2000, 2006) and TM (2011) have been used to study glacier fluctuations in Tirungkhad basin. A deglaciation of 26.1% (29.1 km2) in terms of area from 1966 to 2011 was observed. Lower altitude small glaciers (area < 1 km2) lost more ice (34%), while glaciers with an area <10 km2 lost less (20%). The percentage of change in glacier length was 26% (31.9 km) from 1966 to 2011. The south-facing glaciers showed high percentages of loss. From 2000 to 2011, debris cover has increased by 1.34%. The analysis of the trend in meteorological data collected from Kalpa and Purbani stations was carried out by Mann Kendall non-parametric method. During the last two decades, the mean annual temperature (Tmax and Tmin) has increased significantly, accompanied with a fall in snow water equivalent (SWE) and rainfall. The increasing trend in temperature and decreasing trend in SWE were significant at 95% confidence level. This observation shows that the warming of the climate is probably one of the major reasons for the glacier change in the basin.
Evapotranspiration, yield, crop coefficients, and water use efficiency of drip and furrow irrigated processing tomatoes

A key component of sustainable agriculture is maintaining profitable yields, which involves applying sufficient water to meet a crop’s evapotranspiration (ETc) requirements. This requires knowledge of the current ETc requirement. Yield of processing tomatoes has increased by 53% over the past 35 years in California. Thus, concern exists about the current ETc and crop coefficients of processing tomatoes. Past irrigation practices were furrow and sprinkle irrigation, whereas drip irrigation is now commonly used in some parts of the state. Thus, the Bowen Ratio energy balance method was used in eight commercial fields to determine current seasonal ETc, crop coefficients, and water use efficiency for furrow and drip irrigated fields. Results showed seasonal crop evapotranspiration to range from 528 mm to 752 mm with an average of 648 mm. Commercial yields ranged from 78.6 Mg ha -1 to 146.7 Mg ha -1 . Water use efficiency ranged between 0.114 Mg ha -1 mm -1
T E C H N I C a L a D V a N C E Open Access

Towards a methodology for cluster searching to provide conceptual and contextual " richness " for systematic reviews of complex interventions: case study (CLUSTER) Abstract Background: Systematic review methodologies can be harnessed to help researchers to understand and explain how complex interventions may work. Typically, when reviewing complex interventions, a review team will seek to understand the theories that underpin an intervention and the specific context for that intervention. A single published report from a research project does not typically contain this required level of detail. A review team may find it more useful to examine a " study cluster " ; a group of related papers that explore and explain various features of a single project and thus supply necessary detail relating to theory and/or context. We sought to conduct a preliminary investigation, from a single case study review, of techniques required to identify a cluster of related research reports, to document the yield from such methods, and to outline a systematic methodology for cluster searching.
Optimizing the management of a database in a virtual environment

Recent studies have demonstrated advantages in using Data Base Management System (DBMS) in virtual environments, like the consolidation of several DBMS isolated by virtual machines on a single physical machine to reduce maintenance costs and energy consumption. Furthermore, live migration can improve database availability, allowing transparent maintenance operations on host machines. However, there are issues that still need to be addressed, like overall performance degradation of the DBMS when running in virtual environments and connections instabilities during a live migration. In this context, new virtualization techniques are emerging, like the virtual database, which is considered a less intrusive alternative for the traditional database virtualization over virtual machines. This paper analyzes aspects of this new virtualization approach, like performance and connection stability during a database migration process and its isolation capabilities. Our evaluation shows very promising results compared to the traditional approach over virtual machines, including a more efficient and stable live migration, maintaining the required isolation characteristics for a virtualized DBMS.
Hand shape classification with a wrist contour sensor: development of a prototype device

In this paper, we describe a novel sensor device which recognizes hand shapes using wrist contours. Although hand shapes can express various meanings with small gestures, utilization of hand shapes as an interface is rare in domestic use. That is because a concise recognition method has not been established. To recognize hand shapes anywhere with no stress on the user, we developed a wearable wrist contour sensor device and a recognition system. In the system, features, such as sum of gaps, were extracted from wrist contours. We conducted a classification test of eight hand shapes, and realized approximately 70% classification rate.