Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Restoration of Physiological Expression of 5-HT6 Receptor into the Primary Cilia of Null Mutant Neurons Lengthens Both Primary Cilia and Dendrites

5-HT6 (serotonin) receptors are promising targets for a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders and have been linked to several cellular signaling cascades. Endogenous 5-HT6 receptors are restricted to the primary neuronal cilium, a small sensory organelle stemming from the cell body that receives numerous extrasynaptic signals. Inhibition of 5-HT6 receptors decreases cilia length in primary neuronal cultures, but the signaling mechanisms involved are still unclear. Intense overexpression of exogenous 5-HT6 receptors increases the probability for receptors to localize outside the primary cilium and have been associated with changes in cilia morphology and dendritic outgrowth. In the present study, we explore the role of 5-HT6R rescue on neuronal morphology in primary neuronal cultures from 5-HT6R-KO mice, at the same time maintaining a more physiologic level of expression, wherein the receptor localizes to cilia in 80%–90% of neurons (similar to endogenous 5-HT6R localization). We found that rescue of 5-HT6R expression is sufficient to increase cilia length and dendritic outgrowth, but primarily in neurons in which the receptor is located exclusively in the primary cilia. Additionally, we found that expression of 5-HT6R mutants deficient in agonist-stimulated cAMP or without the predicted Fyn kinase binding domain maintained constitutive activity for stimulating cAMP and still increased the length of cilia, and that the proposed Fyn kinase domain was required for stimulating dendritic outgrowth. These findings highlight the complexity of 5-HT6R function and localization, particularly with the use of exogenous overexpression, and provide greater understanding and potential mechanisms for 5-HT6R drug therapies.
Novel uses of carbon composites for the fabrication of external fixators

A novel bone fractures external fixator has been developed by using carbon fibre reinforced epoxy resin components. Aim of the project was the design and fabrication of an external fixator lighter than metallic ones, X-rays transparent, with suitable mechanical properties, and sufficiently stable under vapour sterilization conditions. The hydrothermal stability of carbon fibre epoxy resin composites has been assessed by measuring the elastic and ultimate properties of a properly selected carbon fibre-epoxy resin system after prolonged simulated sterilization treatments in water at 120 C. The suitability of filament winding as a technique appropriate to produce the tubular elements of the designed fixator has been investigated by determining the relationship between winding angle and required mechanical properties of the tubes. Filament wounded composite tubes have been obtained using a high tenacity PAN based carbon fibre and a DGEBA epoxy resin cross-linked by an anhydride based curing agent. Winding angles have been changed in the range from 5 to 90 . The axial tensile modulus of composite tubes can be reasonably well predicted on the basis of the lamination theory, while the most promising among the analyzed failure criteria in terms of fitting with the experimental axial tensile strength data, seemed to be the Tsai-Wu criterion. # 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Pin Tumbler Lock: A shift based encryption mechanism for racetrack memory

As various non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies have been adopted in different levels of memory hierarchy, the security issue of protecting information retained in NVM after power-off has become a new challenge, which results in extensive research on data encryption for NVM. Previous encryption approaches, however, have some limitations, such as high design complexity and non-trivial timing and energy overhead. Recently, an emerging NVM called racetrack memory (RM) has been widely investigated because of its advantages of ultra-high storage density and fast read/write speed. Besides these well-known advantages, we observe that the tape-like structure of RM cell and its unique shift operation can also be leveraged to facilitate NVM data encryption. Base on this observation, we propose an efficient shift based mechanism, named Pin Tumbler Lock (PTL), which completes encryption and decryption by shifting racetracks in several nanoseconds. Experimental results demonstrate that our design can achieve the same security strength of AES-128 with 3.1% performance overhead and 3.7% energy overhead and 1.56% storage cost and 1.6% area cost.
Demagnetization of Nd2Fe14B, Pr2Fe14B, and Sm2Co17 Permanent Magnets in Spallation Irradiation Fields

Prompted by the need for radiation-resistant permanent magnets for insertion devices (IDs) of high-brilliance next-generation synchrotrons such as the National Synchrotron Light Source II, the demagnetization of Nd<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B and Pr<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B was studied after exposure to a mixed irradiating field. Degradation and damage of the permanent magnetic material by components of electromagnetic showers induced in magnets by intense high-energy electron beams will alter the magnetic field structure of the IDs. Plate-like Nd<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B magnets were irradiated to 1.8 Grad dose and were evaluated against Pr<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B magnets irradiated to a lower dose of 20 Mrad. In addition, annular Sm<sub>2</sub>Co<sub>17</sub> and Nd<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B magnets integrated within a ferrofluidic feedthrough (FFFT) rotary seal were also irradiated to dose levels of 2 Grad for Sm<sub>2</sub>Co<sub>17</sub> and 20 Mrad for Nd<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B. Post-irradiation measurements of the magnetic intensity revealed that severe demagnetization exceeding 85% occurs in Nd<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B magnets after only 50 Mrad dose and over 87% for Pr<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B after 10 Mrad dose. The annular-shaped Sm<sub>2</sub>Co<sub>17</sub> magnets of the FFFTs were almost insensitive to irradiation up to a dose of 2 Grad. Annular-shaped Nd<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B magnets also showed resistance to demagnetization, a direct consequence of the annular shape which is characterized by the removal of the stronger demagnetizing field present at the center of a disk-like magnet. The sensitivity of boron-based permanent magnets to neutron energy (thermal versus fast) was also assessed via specifically designed experiments and discussed.
Impact of weather and climate scenarios on conservation assessment outcomes

Selected watershed studies of the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) are reviewed and findings are interpreted from the perspective of potential conservation outcomes due to climate change scenarios. Primary foci are runoff, soil erosion, sediment transport, and watershed sediment yield. Highlights, successes, and challenges with regards to climate change impacts on soil erosion, runoff, and watershed sediment yield are presented. The covered information adds to the existing knowledge base of climate change impacts and provides another piece of information that may be useful in the planning and management of agricultural watersheds; assessment of conservation needs; and development, funding, and implementation of conservation programs. The selected conservation assessment studies include, among others, a thought experiment on the sensitivity of soil erosion, runoff, and sediment yield to changes in rainfall; a computer-based investigation of potential climate change effects on runoff and soil erosion in a southeastern Arizona rangeland; the complex response of northern Mississippi watersheds to runoff variations and channel stabilization measures; the impact of conservation practices and a persistent pluvial period on watershed runoff and sediment yield in Oklahoma; and stream bank erosion during major flooding in Iowa and river corridor management. A study of rainfall-runoff in an north-central Missouri watershed and a curve number analysis in a northern Appalachian experimental watershed are included herein. Findings showed that climate change scenarios of increased precipitation intensity lead to an exponential increase in soil erosion, runoff, and watershed sediment yield, thereby stressing current conservation practices or future practices designed with present day practice standards. This diminishes conservation practice effectiveness and increases sediment supply to the stream network. The sensitive response of the watershed hydrologic system may lead to renewed soil erosion that is large enough to offset the reduction in soil loss achieved by current conservation practices. However, in alluvial-floodplain environments with non-cohesive bed and bank material, watershed sediment yield is controlled by channel discharge and energy slope, neither of which is influenced by traditional in-field conservation practices or channel bank stabilization structures. Thus, control of sediment yield will gradually shift in the downstream direction from sediment supply to sediment transport capacity and blur any existing relation between a climate change signal, in-field conservation outcomes, and sediment yield at watershed outlets. Targeting conservation practices to erosion prone areas, expanding conservation coverage, and adapting agronomic practices may be necessary to prevent excessive soil erosion and downstream sedimentation under climate change scenarios that include intensified precipitation.
SD-PUF: Spliced Digital Physical Unclonable Function

Digital circuit physical unclonable function (PUF) has been attracting attentions for the merits of resilience to the environmental and operational variations that analog PUFs suffer from. Existing state-of-the-art digital circuit PUFs, however, are either hybrid of analog-digital circuits which are still under the shadow of vulnerability, or impractical for real-world applications. In this paper, we propose a novel highly nonlinear and secure digital PUF (D-PUF) and the spliced version SD-PUF. The fingerprints are extracted from intentionally induced very large-scale integration interconnect randomness during lithography process, as well as a post-silicon shuffling process. Strongly skewed CMOS latches are used to ensure the immunity against environmental and operational variations. Crucially, a highly nonlinear logic network is proposed to effectively spread and augment any subtle interconnect randomness, which also enables strong resilience against machine learning attacks. On top of it, the expandable architecture of the proposed logic network empowers a novel post-silicon shuffle-splice mechanism, where multiple randomly selected D-PUFs are spliced to be one SD-PUF, pushing the statistical security to a much higher level, while significantly reducing the mask cost per PUF device. It also decouples the trustworthy demands enforced to the foundries or other third party manufacturers. Our proposed PUFs demonstrate close to ideal performance in terms of statistical metrics, including 0 intra-Hamming distance. Various state-of-the-art machine learning models show prediction accuracies almost no better than random guesses when attacking to the proposed PUFs. We also mathematically prove the probability of existence of identical SD-PUF pair is significantly lower than that of D-PUF pair, e.g., such probability of an SD-PUF spliced by 30 D-PUFs is ${2.3\times 10^{-22}}$ , which is 19 order magnitude lower than that of D-PUF. Benefited from the proposed shuffle-splice mechanism, the mask cost per SD-PUF is also reduced by ${300\times }$ than that of D-PUF.
Effects of Propranolol on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Patients with Infantile Hemangioma: A Case-Control Study

Background The aim of this study was to examine whether oral propranolol has any effect on neurodevelopment outcomes in young children with problematic infantile hemangiomas (IHs). Methods Thirty-six children with a diagnosis of problematic IH who were treated with oral propranolol were compared with 34 healthy children with no history of propranolol therapy. Patients received propranolol therapy for at least 3 months. Gesell developmental schedules (GDS) were used to evaluate neurodevelopment outcomes in the two groups. The scores of each GDS domain were compared between the two groups. Results There were no significant differences in developmental quotient (DQ) values for any of the five domains between the patients and healthy controls (P < 0.05). Multiple stepwise regression analyses showed that none of the domains in the control group were influenced by the children's gender or age (P < 0.05). In addition, we found that gender, age at the initiation of therapy, age at the time of the neurodevelopment test, and treatment duration had no effect on any domain of the GDS in the patient group (P > 0.05). Conclusion Propranolol has no obvious effect on neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. Early treatment and treatment duration had no negative effect on central nervous system (CNS) development.
Evidence on the "Tax Effects" of Inflation under Historical Cost Accounting Methods

It is often argued that the failure to use indexation (i.e., the use of historical cost accounting methods) implies that real income tax rates will vary directly with rates of inflation. This substantive effect of mere bookkeeping methods is often predicted even though it is recognized to have some adverse implications. This is the "tax effects of inflation" hypothesis. The major objective of this paper is to examine the descriptive adequacy of this hypothesis using a variety of macroeconomic data for the years 1929-74. My empirical results appear to be substantially inconsistent with the taxeffects hypothesis. Disciplines Accounting | Taxation Comments This article is available online at: http://www.jstor. org/stable/2352676 This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/accounting_papers/75 Nicholas J. Gonedes University of Pennsylvania Evidence on the "Tax Effects" of Inflation under Historical Cost Accounting Methods*
IDENTIFYING SOURCES OF THE TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS IN ROOT COMPETITION: A SPATIALLY EXPLICIT SIMULATION MODEL AND PLANTS GROWN IN TRANSPARENT GROWTH MEDIUM

OF THESIS IDENTIFYING SOURCES OF THE TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS IN ROOT COMPETITION: A SPATIALLY EXPLICIT SIMULATION MODEL AND PLANTS GROWN IN TRANSPARENT GROWTH MEDIUM Existing research shows that plants produce less root when growing alone than when growing in competition with other plants. When plants under root competition over-allocate resources to roots at the cost of reproduction, it represents a Tragedy of the Commons. I constructed simulation models to determine the circumstances likely to give rise to a Tragedy of the Commons, and explore mechanisms by which plants may solve it. I grew plants in nutrient-rich transparent gel, allowing me to quantify root growth and development without destructive sampling. My plants responded positively to additional space and the presence of a competitor at full nutrient treatment levels, and negatively to those same conditions between low phosphorus treatment levels, demonstrating nutrient mediation of the direction of plant response to an added competitor with additional space. This effect may feature self / non-self recognition by roots. Since the hard barrier in these studies blocks nutrients, roots, and root signaling compounds from passing between the plants in the barrier treatment level, existing studies cannot tease apart the effects on plant development of these individual factors. I add a semi-permeable membrane treatment level, which allows nutrients and signaling compounds to pass while preventing root growth between sides.
Finite element analysis of the thermal residual stress distribution in the interphase of unidirectional fiber-reinforced resin matrix composites

Abstract By means of three-dimensional finite element method (FEM) which is based upon the micro-mechanical model of fiber-reinforced composites, this paper selects representative volume elements and studies the effect of the five factors, namely, cooling rate, matrix elasticity modulus, fiber elasticity modulus, interphase elasticity modulus and fiber volume fraction, on the interphase thermal residual stress and its distribution law in epoxy resin NPEF-170/unidirectional glass fiber composites. The results indicate that thermal residual stress is mainly distributed on the fiber and the matrix of neighboring interphase; the thermal residual stress on the fiber and the matrix declines as the distance to the interphase layer grows; and it tends to zero at the distance of 1.5 times the radius of the fiber away from the interphase. The increase in any of the four factors, namely, cooling rate, matrix elasticity modulus, fiber elasticity modulus, and fiber volume fraction would trigger the rise of thermal residual stress in epoxy resin NPEF-170/unidirectional glass fiber composites. The additional flexible interphase layer can eliminate and transfer thermal residual stress effectively, whose effectiveness mainly depends on the difference between interphase elasticity modulus and fiber elasticity modulus.
Dynamics of Strategic Information Transmission in Social Networks

We study strategic information transmission through repeated communication in a social network. Privately informed agents differ in their preferences about the action to take, eventually, and communicate repeatedly with their neighbors to influence the others' actions in their favor. We first consider myopic agents who play myopic best response. We characterize myopic equilibria and show that full information transmission occurs in informationally optimal equilibria if and only if each pair of agents is connected by a path along which conflicts are sufficiently small. Second, we consider farsighted agents and show that there exists an equilibrium with full information transmission if there exists a tree subnetwork such that for each agent and each neighbor the absolute difference of her interest and the average interest of agents reachable through that neighbor in the tree is sufficiently small. Third, we establish that more ex-ante expected information transmission constitutes a Pareto improvement, which implies that there may be a Pareto efficient myopic equilibrium and no such farsighted equilibrium and vice versa.
Higher serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin and other bone turnover markers are associated with reduced diabetes risk and lower estradiol concentrations in older men.

CONTEXT In mice, undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) modulates insulin secretion and sensitivity and increases testosterone (T) secretion from Leydig cells, but human data are lacking. We hypothesized that ucOC is associated with diabetes risk and modulates sex hormone concentrations in older men, distinct from other bone turnover markers. PARTICIPANTS PARTICIPANTS were community-dwelling men aged 70 to 89 years resident in Perth, Western Australia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum total osteocalcin (TOC), N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP), and collagen type I C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide (CTX) were measured by immunoassay, and ucOC by hydroxyapatite binding. Plasma total T, DHT, and estradiol (E2) were assayed by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Excluding men with osteoporosis or conditions affecting sex hormones or on bisphosphonates, glucocorticoids, or warfarin, 2966 men were included. In multivariate analyses, higher ucOC was associated with reduced diabetes risk (odds ratio [OR] per 1 SD increase = 0.55, P < .001). Similar results were seen for TOC (OR = 0.60, P < .001), P1NP (OR = 0.64, P < .001), and CTX (OR = 0.60, P < .001) but not ucOC/TOC. When all 4 markers were included in the fully adjusted model, higher ucOC (OR = 0.56, P < .001) and CTX (OR = 0.76, P = .008) remained associated with reduced diabetes risk. E2 was inversely associated with ucOC (coefficient -0.04, P = .031), TOC (-0.05, P = .001) and CTX (-0.04, P = .016); and positively with ucOC/TOC (0.05, P = .002). DHT was inversely associated with ucOC/TOC (-0.04, P = .040). T was not associated with bone turnover. CONCLUSIONS Higher bone remodeling rates are associated with reduced diabetes risk in older men. Higher ucOC is both a marker of bone remodeling and an independent predictor of reduced diabetes risk. E2 is inversely associated with bone turnover markers. We found no evidence ucOC modulates circulating T in older men.
NANOFILTRATION MEMBRANES FROM ORIENTED MESOPOROUS SILICA THIN FILMS

OF THESIS NANOFILTRATION MEMBRANES FROM ORIENTED MESOPOROUS SILICA THIN FILMS The synthesis of mesoporous silica thin films using surfactant templating typically leads an inaccessible pore orientation, making these films not suitable for membrane applications. Recent advances in thin film synthesis provide for the alignment of hexagonal pores in a direction orthogonal to surface when templated on chemically neutral surfaces. In this work, orthogonal thin film silica membranes are synthesized on alumina supports using block copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (P123) as the template. The orthogonal pore structure is achieved by sandwiching membranes between two chemically neutral surfaces, resulting in 90 nm thick films. Solvent flux of ethanol through the membrane demonstrates pore accessibility and suggests a silica pore size of approximately 10 nm. The permeability of ions and fluorescently tagged solutes (ranging from 4,000 to 70,000 Da) is used to demonstrate the membrane’s size selectivity characteristics. A size cut off occurs at 69,000 Da for the model protein BSA. By functionalizing the silica surface with a long chained alkyl group using n-decyltriethoxysilane (D-TEOS), the transport properties of the membranes can be altered. Contact angle measurements and FTIR results show the surface to be very hydrophobic after functionalization. Solvent flux of ethanol through the silica thin film membrane is similar before and after functionalization, but water flux decreases. Thin film silica membranes show much promise for applications in catalysis, bio-sensing, and affinity separations.
Molecular Characterization of Maize Acetylcholinesterase. A Novel Enzyme Family in the Plant Kingdom1

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has been increasingly recognized in plants by indirect evidence of its activity. Here, we report purification and cloning of AChE from maize (Zea mays), thus providing to our knowledge the first direct evidence of the AChE molecule in plants. AChE was identified as a mixture of disulfide- and noncovalently linked 88-kD homodimers consisting of 42- to 44-kD polypeptides. The AChE hydrolyzed acetylthiocholine and propyonylthiocholine, but not S-butyrylthiocholine, and the AChE-specific inhibitor neostigmine bromide competitively inhibited its activity, implying that maize AChE functions in a similar manner as the animal enzyme. However, kinetic analyses indicated that maize AChE showed a lower affinity to substrates and inhibitors than animal AChE. The full-length cDNA of maize AChE gene is 1,471 nucleotides, which encode a protein having 394 residues, including a signal peptide. The deduced amino acid sequence exhibited no apparent similarity with that of the animal enzyme, although the catalytic triad was the same as in the animal AChE. In silico screening indicated that maize AChE homologs are widely distributed in plants but not in animals. These findings lead us to propose that the AChE family, as found here, comprises a novel family of the enzymes that is specifically distributed in the plant kingdom.