Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of baryons on the cluster mass function and cosmological parameter determination

Recent results by the Planck Collaboration have shown that cosmologicalparameters derived from the cosmic microwave background anisotropies andcluster number counts are in tension, with the latter preferring lowervalues of the matter density parameter, {$\Omega$}$_{m}$, and powerspectrum amplitude, {$\sigma$}$_{8}$. Motivated by this, weinvestigate the extent to which the tension may be ameliorated once theeffect of baryonic depletion on the cluster mass function is taken intoaccount. We use the large-volume Millennium Gas simulations in ourstudy, including one where the gas is pre-heated at high redshift andone where the gas is heated by stars and active galactic nuclei (in thelatter, the self-gravity of the baryons and radiative cooling areomitted). In both cases, the cluster baryon fractions are in reasonablygood agreement with the data at low redshift, showing significantdepletion of baryons with respect to the cosmic mean. As a result, it isfound that the cluster abundance in these simulations is around 15 percent lower than the commonly adopted fit to dark matter simulations byTinker et al. for the mass range 10$^{14}$-10$^{14.5}$h$^{-1}$ M$_{? }$. Ignoring this effect produces asignificant artificial shift in cosmological parameters which can beexpressed as{$\Delta$}[{$\sigma$}$_{8}$({$\Omega$}$_{m}$/0.27)$^{0.38}$]{\sime} -0.03 at z = 0.17 (the median redshift of the Planck clustersample) for the feedback model. While this shift is not sufficient tofully explain the Planck discrepancy, it is clear that such an effectcannot be ignored in future precision measurements of cosmologicalparameters with clusters. Finally, we outline a simple,model-independent procedure that attempts to correct for the effect ofbaryonic depletion and show that it works if the baryon-dark matterback-reaction is negligible.
Cluster-Randomized Trial of a Mobile Phone Personalized Behavioral Intervention for Blood Glucose Control

OBJECTIVE To test whether adding mobile application coaching and patient/provider web portals to community primary care compared with standard diabetes management would reduce glycated hemoglobin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cluster-randomized clinical trial, the Mobile Diabetes Intervention Study, randomly assigned 26 primary care practices to one of three stepped treatment groups or a control group (usual care). A total of 163 patients were enrolled and included in analysis. The primary outcome was change in glycated hemoglobin levels over a 1-year treatment period. Secondary outcomes were changes in patient-reported diabetes symptoms, diabetes distress, depression, and other clinical (blood pressure) and laboratory (lipid) values. Maximal treatment was a mobile- and web-based self-management patient coaching system and provider decision support. Patients received automated, real-time educational and behavioral messaging in response to individually analyzed blood glucose values, diabetes medications, and lifestyle behaviors communicated by mobile phone. Providers received quarterly reports summarizing patient’s glycemic control, diabetes medication management, lifestyle behaviors, and evidence-based treatment options. RESULTS The mean declines in glycated hemoglobin were 1.9% in the maximal treatment group and 0.7% in the usual care group, a difference of 1.2% (P = 0.001) over 12 months. Appreciable differences were not observed between groups for patient-reported diabetes distress, depression, diabetes symptoms, or blood pressure and lipid levels (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The combination of behavioral mobile coaching with blood glucose data, lifestyle behaviors, and patient self-management data individually analyzed and presented with evidence-based guidelines to providers substantially reduced glycated hemoglobin levels over 1 year.
Effects of chromosomal sex and hormonal influences on shaping sex differences in brain and behavior: Lessons from cases of disorders of sex development

Sex differences in brain development and postnatal behavior are determined largely by genetic sex and in utero gonadal hormone secretions. In humans however, determining the weight that each of these factors contributes remains a challenge because social influences should also be considered. Cases of disorders of sex development (DSD) provide unique insight into how mutations in genes responsible for gonadal formation can perturb the subsequent developmental hormonal milieu and elicit changes in normal human brain maturation. Specific forms of DSDs such as complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS), congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), and 5α‐reductase deficiency syndrome have variable effects between males and females, and the developmental outcomes of such conditions are largely dependent on sex chromosome composition. Medical and psychological works focused on CAH, CAIS, and 5α‐reductase deficiency have helped form the foundation for understanding the roles of genetic and hormonal factors necessary for guiding human brain development. Here we highlight how the three aforementioned DSDs contribute to brain and behavioral phenotypes that can uniquely affect 46,XY and 46,XX individuals in dramatically different fashions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Torquetenovirus Infection and Ciliary Dysmotility in Children With Recurrent Pneumonia

Background: The aim of the study was to assess Torquetenovirus (TTV) loads within respiratory ciliated cells and to verify the existence of a correlation between TTV loads and functional or structural ciliary abnormalities, in a group of children with recurrent or persistent pneumonia. Methods: Nasal brushing samples of 55 children (28 male) were evaluated for ciliary motion and ultrastructural assessment, as well as for detection and quantification of TTV. Moreover, presence and load of TTV within ciliated cells, obtained from 5 patients by laser capture microdissection, were determined. Results: The nasal samples of 47 (85%) children with persistent or recurrent pneumonia resulted positive for TTV (loads = 2.1–7.3 log10 copies/&mgr;g total DNA). TTV were demonstrated also within microdissected ciliated cells. No significant difference between primary (11 subjects) and secondary ciliary dyskinesia (44 subjects) for TTV prevalence and mean loads were found. A significant correlation was observed between nasal TTV loads and ciliary beat frequency score (r = 0.305; P < 0.05), but not between TTV loads and presence of abnormal motion patterns, in patients with secondary ciliary abnormalities. As expected no correlations were found between nasal TTV loads and ciliary motion analysis in primary ciliary dyskinesia. Conclusions: The presence of TTV in nasal samples demonstrates TTV ability to infect respiratory ciliated cells and suggests that these cells are potentially able to support virus replication. Moreover, TTV may behave in respiratory cells in a similar way to other viruses, that is, they disrupt the mucociliary escalator.
Retrospective Analysis of Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy: Twenty-Eight Cases and Discussion of Anesthesia

Aims: To summarize the clinical features, perioperative management and maternal and neonatal outcomes of patients with acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) and to discuss the management of anesthesia in these patients. Methods: This study was a retrospective review over a period of 5 years and 9 months; 28 cases from the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center were included. Records were reviewed for symptoms, signs, laboratory findings, clinical courses, perioperative management and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Results: Of the AFLP cases analyzed in the present study, 75.0% occurred in primipara and 63.3% occurred with male fetuses. Prodromic symptoms included the sudden onset of fatigue, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and jaundice. Laboratory results indicated liver function abnormalities, coagulopathy, hypoglycemia, leukocytosis and negative urine bilirubin. There were 2 maternal deaths (7.1%) without fetal deaths. Cesarean sections were performed in 16 cases under neuraxial anesthesia and in 12 cases under general anesthesia with rapid-sequence induction. Conclusion: Early diagnosis, prompt delivery and intensive supportive treatment are critical for improving the prognosis of AFLP. Anesthesia selection should be individualized and general anesthesia with rapid-sequence induction may be the best choice for patients with severe coagulopathy.
Adverse technical events in home hemodialysis.

BACKGROUND There is a growing interest in home hemodialysis because of its clinical benefits. However, given that patients are responsible for performing a complex medical procedure at home, adverse-event reporting is important to ensure patient safety. The purpose of this study was to describe adverse technical events in a large cohort of home hemodialysis patients. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS All consecutive patients undergoing home hemodialysis at a large tertiary-care center from 1999 through 2011 (last follow-up, July 2012). OUTCOMES Overall rate of adverse technical events and number/rate of severe adverse events (defined as those requiring intervention). RESULTS The cohort consisted of 202 patients with total follow-up of 757 patient-years. The cohort underwent a median of 5 dialysis treatments per week and 8 hours per session. 22 first adverse events and 7 recurrent events were identified. Adverse event rates were 0.049 per arteriovenous fistula access-year, 0.015 per arteriovenous graft access-year, and 0.022 per dialysis catheter access-year. Event rates per 1,000 dialysis treatments were 0.208, 0.068, and 0.087 for arteriovenous fistula, arteriovenous graft, and dialysis catheter access, respectively. Most adverse events were related to needle dislodgement (n=18) or air embolism (n=6). 8 adverse events resulted in emergency department visits and 5 required hospital admission. The rate of severe adverse events was 0.009 per patient-year of home hemodialysis and 0.038 per 1,000 dialysis treatments. Interventions included 3 blood transfusions, 2 catheter changes, 1 use of intravenous fluids, and 1 need for urgent dialysis. Attempts were made to retrain or review the technique in all patients with a first adverse event. LIMITATIONS Events that were not severe may have been under-reported by patients. CONCLUSIONS Serious adverse technical events in home hemodialysis are relatively rare. Strategies to further prevent these events may include patient retraining and periodic vascular access technique audit.
An ITK implementation of a physics-based non-rigid registration method for brain deformation in image-guided neurosurgery

As part of the ITK v4 project efforts, we have developed ITK filters for physics-based non-rigid registration (PBNRR), which satisfies the following requirements: account for tissue properties in the registration, improve accuracy compared to rigid registration, and reduce execution time using GPU and multi-core accelerators. The implementation has three main components: (1) Feature Point Selection, (2) Block Matching (mapped to both multi-core and GPU processors), and (3) a Robust Finite Element Solver. The use of multi-core and GPU accelerators in ITK v4 provides substantial performance improvements. For example, for the non-rigid registration of brain MRIs, the performance of the block matching filter on average is about 10 times faster when 12 hyperthreaded multi-cores are used and about 83 times faster when the NVIDIA Tesla GPU is used in Dell Workstation.
Diagnostic tools in tuberculous pleurisy: a direct comparative study

Thoracoscopy is the most accurate yet most expensive tool for establishing the diagnosis of tuberculous (TB) pleurisy. However, most high TB‐incidence regions have limited financial resources, lack the infrastructure needed for routine thoracoscopy and require an alternative, costeffective diagnostic approach for pleural effusions. Altogether, 51 patients with undiagnosed exudative pleural effusions were recruited for a prospective, direct comparison between bronchial wash, pleural fluid microbiology and biochemistry (adenosine deaminase (ADA) and cell count), closed needle biopsy, and medical thoracoscopy. The final diagnosis was TB in 42 patients (82%), malignancy in five (10%) and idiopathic in four patients (8%). Sensitivity of histology, culture and combined histology/culture was 66, 48 and 79%, respectively for closed needle biopsy and 100, 76 and 100%, respectively for thoracoscopy. Both were 100% specific. Pleural fluid ADA of ≥50 U·L−1 was 95% sensitive and 89% specific. Combined ADA, lymphocyte/neutrophil ratio ≥0.75 plus closed needle biopsy reached 93% sensitivity and 100% specificity. A combination of pleural fluid adenosine deaminase, differential cell count and closed needle biopsy has a high diagnostic accuracy in undiagnosed exudative pleural effusions in areas with high incidences of tuberculosis and might substitute medical thoracoscopy at considerably lower expense in resourcepoor countries.
Preparation and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of a ketoprofen orally disintegrating/sustained release tablet

Context: Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) with sustained release profiles are a new generation of ODTs called orally disintegrating/sustained release tablets (ODSRTs), which are convenient in use and able to slowly release drugs to maintain effective blood concentrations over a prolonged period of time. Ketoprofen, one of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, is an ideal model drug for ODSRTs. Methods: We designed a simple two-step process to develop novel ketoprofen orally disintegrating/sustained release tablets (KODSRTs). Firstly, sustained release ketoprofen fine granules were developed by spray drying the aqueous dispersions composed of Eudragit RS-30D, Starch 1500 and PEG 6000. The optimal parameters of spray drying were 100°C for inlet air temperature and 1.5 mL/min for feed rate. Subsequently, the obtained granules were directly compressed into KODSRTs after mixing with lactose, mannitol and a superdisintegrant, crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPP). The characteristics of KODSRTs, especially their potential for extended drug release, were evaluated. Results: Results of an in vitro release test demonstrated that KODSRTs could slowly release ketoprofen for 24 h after disintegrating within 30 s. Extended release properties of KODSRTs were decided by the ketoprofen sustained release fine granules in tablets. Besides, the disintegration time of KODSRTs depended on the percentage of PVPP in tablets. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies in beagles also showed that KODSRTs possessed a significantly extended release profile compared with ketoprofen normal capsules. Conclusion: KODSRTs were successfully prepared using a simple two-step process: spray drying and direct compression.
Transformer differential protection using principal component analysis

This paper describes a new algorithm for transformer differential protection, based on pattern recognition of the differential current obtained as the phasor sum of the current transformers secondary currents. The algorithm uses principal component analysis (PCA) to pre-processing data from the power system, in order to eliminate redundant information and enhance hidden pattern in differential current to discriminate between internal faults from inrush and overexcitation conditions. The algorithm was proven using PSCAD/EMTDC simulations in a three-phase power system considering critical fault cases. The results show the feasibility to implement this algorithm for transformer differential protection
Prevalence of Tinnitus and Noise-induced Hearing Loss in Dentists

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate noise levels in dental offices and to estimate the risk and prevalence of tinnitus and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in practicing dentists. Materials and Methods: First, measures were collected of sound pressure levels produced by dental handpieces and dental suction in the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC) College of Dentistry. Second, a survey was distributed to members of the Oklahoma Dental Association (ODA). Results: Measurements made in the dental operatory revealed dangerous levels when high-volume suction was in use alone and in conjunction with a dental handpiece. Questionnaire results suggested that practicing dentists report sensorineural hearing loss at a rate broadly in line with national averages. However, dentists reported a higher prevalence of tinnitus symptoms than would be expected based on sample demographics. Conclusion: Results from sound level measurements and questionnaire responses indicate that dentists are a population that could be placing their hearing health at risk in a typical daily work environment.
Automated on-line solid-phase extraction coupled with HPLC for measurement of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid in urine.

BACKGROUND Quantification of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) in urine is useful in diagnosing and monitoring of patients with carcinoid tumors and in the study of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) metabolism in various disorders. We describe an automated method that incorporates on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) and HPLC to measure urinary 5-HIAA. METHODS Automated prepurification of urine was accomplished with HySphere-resin GP SPE cartridges containing strong hydrophobic polystyrene resin. The analyte (5-HIAA) and internal standard [5-hydroxyindole-3-carboxylic acid (5-HICA)] were eluted from the SPE cartridge, separated by reversed-phase HPLC, and detected fluorometrically with a total cycle time of 20 min. Urinary excretion of 5-HIAA was measured in a group of patients with known and suspected carcinoid tumors (n=63) and in 20 patients with autism. RESULTS The internal standard (5-HICA) and 5-HIAA were recovered in high yields (87.2%-114%). Within- and between-series CVs for the measurement of 5-HIAA in urine ranged from 1.2% to 3.9% and 3.2% to 7.6%, respectively. For urine samples from patients with known or suspected carcinoid tumors, results obtained by the automated method were highly correlated (r=0.988) with those from an established manual extraction method. For samples from autistic patients, urinary excretion of 5-HIAA was similar to that reported for healthy individuals. CONCLUSION This SPE-HPLC method demonstrated lower imprecision and time per analysis than the manual solvent extraction method.
Genetic and Environmental Factors in Age-Related Hearing Impairment

Age-related hearing impairment (ARHI) is a common condition with complex etiology but a recognized genetic component. Heritability estimates for pure tone audiogram-determined hearing ability lie in the range 26–75%. The speech-in-noise (SIN) auditory test, however, may be better at encapsulating ARHI symptoms, particularly the diminished ability to segregate environmental sounds into comprehendible auditory streams. As heritability of SIN has not previously been reported, we explored the genetic and environmental contributions to ARHI determined by SIN in 2,076 twins (87.8% female) aged 18–87 (mean age 54.4). SIN was found to be significantly heritable (A, unadjusted for age = 40%; 95% confidence intervals, CI = 32%–47%). With age adjustment, heritability fell (A = 25%; 95% CI = 16–33%), and a relatively strong influence of environmental exposure unshared within twin siblings was identified (E = 75%). To explore the environmental aspects further, we assessed the influence of diet (through the Food Frequency Questionnaire, FFQ), smoking (through self-report and cotinine metabolite levels) and alcohol intake (through the FFQ). A negative influence of high cholesterol diet was observed after adjustment (p = .037). A protective effect of raised serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels was observed after adjustment (p = .004). This study is the first assessment of the genetic and environmental influence on SIN perception. The findings suggest SIN is less heritable than pure tone audiogram (PTA) ability and highly influenced by the environment unique to each twin. Furthermore, a possible role of dietary fat in the etiology of ARHI is highlighted.
The effect of ceramic translucency and thickness on the polymerization of light-cured adhesive resin cement

The effect of ceramic translucency and thickness on the polymerization of light-cured adhesive resin cement. " MS ii To my parents, who have always given me the strength and wisdom, for their unselfish love and affection. This thesis is dedicated to them To all my family and friends, without you all, this journey would not have been possible iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Thalamocortical response transformation in the rat vibrissa/barrel system.

1. Extracellular single-unit recordings and controlled whisker stimuli were used to compare response properties between cells in the "barreloids" of the thalamic ventrobasal complex and those in the cytochrome oxidase-rich centers of the "barrels" in the first somatic sensory cortex. Individual vibrissae were deflected alone or in paired combination involving the neuron's maximally excitatory whisker and an adjacent one in the same or neighboring whisker rows. Quantitative data were derived from 135 thalamocortical unit's (TCUs), 242 "regular-spike" barrel units (RSUs), and 16 "fast-spike" barrel units (FSUs) recorded in 26 normal adult rats. 2. Compared with TCUs, RSUs displayed lower rates of spontaneous activity and responded less vigorously to whisker stimuli. Proportionally, more than twice as many TCUs as RSUs responded in slowly adapting fashion to at least one angular direction of whisker displacement. Discharges of slowly adapting TCUs were approximately 3.5 times greater than those of slowly adapting RSUs. 3. Proportionally, about twice as many TCUs than RSUs responded selectively to whisker movements in different angular directions. 4. Cells in the thalamus responded more vigorously to a larger number of whiskers than RSUs in the cortex. Depending on the stimulus conditions, two to three times more TCUs than RSUs were excited by two or more whiskers. 5. Following displacement of an adjacent whisker, unit discharges to subsequent deflections of the maximally excitatory whisker were reduced in a time-dependent fashion. The time course of response suppression was similar in TCUs and RSUs, but inhibitory interactions between adjacent whiskers were observed much less often in the thalamus. A cyclic pattern of stimulus-evoked excitation/inhibition characterizes responses in the cortical barrels but is considerably less pronounced in the thalamic barreloids. 6. The presence and/or degree of response suppression depended on which adjacent whisker was stimulated and on the angular direction of that whisker's movement. For individual TCUs, some adjacent whiskers evoked inhibition, others did not. The vast majority of RSUs displayed response suppression to all adjacent whiskers. Unlike receptive fields of TCUs, those of RSUs have small--i.e., single-whisker--excitatory centers with potent and symmetrical inhibitory surrounds. 7. Fast-spike units in the barrels displayed the greatest spontaneous and stimulus-evoked activities and were the least selective for whisker movements at different angular directions. FSUs had the largest excitatory receptive fields; 100% responded to two or more vibrissae. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)