Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression of the purine biosynthetic enzyme phosphoribosyl formylglycinamidine synthase in neurons

Purines are metabolic building blocks essential for all living organisms on earth. De novo purine biosynthesis occurs in the brain and appears to play important roles in neural development. Phosphoribosyl formylglycinamidine synthase (FGAMS, also known as PFAS or FGARAT), a core enzyme involved in the de novo synthesis of purines, may play alternative roles in viral pathogenesis. To date, no thorough investigation of the endogenous expression and localization of de novo purine biosynthetic enzymes has been conducted in human neurons or in virally infected cells. In this study, we characterized expression of FGAMS using multiple neuronal models. In differentiated human SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, primary rat hippocampal neurons, and in whole‐mouse brain sections, FGAMS immunoreactivity was distributed within the neuronal cytoplasm. FGAMS immunolabeling in vitro demonstrated extensive distribution throughout neuronal processes. To investigate potential changes in FGAMS expression and localization following viral infection, we infected cells with the human pathogen herpes simplex virus 1. In infected fibroblasts, FGAMS immunolabeling shifted from a diffuse cytoplasmic location to a mainly perinuclear localization by 12 h post‐infection. In contrast, in infected neurons, FGAMS localization showed no discernable changes in the localization of FGAMS immunoreactivity. There were no changes in total FGAMS protein levels in either cell type. Together, these data provide insight into potential purine biosynthetic mechanisms utilized within neurons during homeostasis as well as viral infection.
A Comparative Study of Urban Expansion in Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan from the 1970s to 2013

Although the mapping of spatiotemporal patterns of urban expansion has been widely studied, relatively little attention has been paid to detailed comparative studies on spatiotemporal patterns of urban growth at the regional level over a relatively longer timeframe. This paper was based on multi-sensor remote sensing image data and employs several landscape metrics and the centroid shift model to conduct a multi-angle quantitative analysis on urban expansion in Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan (Jing-Jin-Tang) in the period from 1970–2013. In addition, the impact analysis of urban growth on land use was adopted in this research. The results showed that Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan all experienced rapid urbanization, with an average annual urban growth rate of 7.28%, 3.9%, and 0.97%, respectively. Beijing has especially presented a single choropleth map pattern, whereas Tianjin and Tangshan have presented a double surface network pattern in orientation analysis. Furthermore, urban expansion in Beijing was mainly concentrated in Ring 4 to Ring 6 in the northwest and southeast directions, whereas the major expansion was observed in the southeast in Tianjin, primarily affected by dramatic development of Binhai New Area and Tianjin South Railway Station. Naturally, the urban expansion in Tangshan was significantly influenced by the expansion of Beijing and was primarily southwestward. The hot-zones of urbanization were observed within the ranges of 7–25 km, 6–18 km, and 0–15 km, accounting for 93.49%, 89.44% and 72.44% of the total expansion area in Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan, respectively. The majority of the newly developed urban land was converted from cultivated land and integrated from other built-up land over the past four decades. Of all new urban land in the Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan, more than 50% was converted from cultivated land, and there was a general tendency for smaller cities to have higher percentages of converted land, accounting for 50.84%, 51.19%, and 51.58%, respectively. The study revealed significant details of the temporal and spatial distributions of urban expansion in Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan and provided scientific support for the collaborative development of the Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei (Jing-Jin-Ji) regions.
A new photobioreactor for continuous microalgal production in hatcheries based on external‐loop airlift and swirling flow

This study deals with the scale of a new photobioreactor for continuous microalgal production in hatcheries. The combination of the state‐of‐art with the constraints inherent to hatcheries has turned the design into a closed, artificially illuminated and external‐loop airlift configuration based on a succession of elementary modules, each one being composed of two transparent vertical interconnected columns. The liquid circulation is ensured pneumatically (air injections) with respect to a swirling motion (tangential inlets). A single module of the whole photobioreactor was built‐up to scale its geometry (diameter and length) and to optimize its design (air sparger, tangential inlets). The volumetric productivities were predicted by modeling radiative transfer and growth of Isochrysis affinis galbana (clone Tahiti). The hydrodynamics of the liquid phase was modeled in terms of global flow behavior (circulation and mixing times, Péclet number) and of swirling motion decay along the column (Particle Image Velocimetry). The aeration performances were determined by overall volumetric mass transfer measurements. Continuous cultures of Isochrysis affinis galbana (clone Tahiti) were run in two geometrical configurations, generating either an axial or a swirling flow. Lastly, the definitive options of design are presented as well as a 120‐L prototype, currently implemented in a French mollusk hatchery and commercialized. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 132–147. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study on cerebral protective effect of dexmedetomidine during anesthesia in cardiac valve replacement surgery

Objective: To evaluate the cerebral protection of Dexmedetomidine during anesthesia of cardiac valve replacement surgery. Methods: 60 patients who underwent elective cardiac valve replacement surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in our hospital were randomly divided into Dexmedetomidine group and control group (30 cases in each group); patients in Dexmedetomidine group were injected with Dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg/kg intravenously at 10 min before routine anesthesia induction, then injected with 0.5 μg/kg/h till surgery finished; the control group received equal volume of normal saline with the same infusion speed. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure were recorded at T1 (establish of CPB), T2 (end of CPB) and T3 (end of surgery), in the meanwhile, the doses of vasoactive agents used during operation were also recorded. Jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjvO2), Arterial venous oxygen content difference (Da-jvO2) and cerebral extraction of oxygen (CERO2) at T1-T3 were monitored analyzed. Central venous blood was drawn at time points of T1-T3 to detect the concentrations of plasma S-100β protein, TNF-α and serum neuronspecific enolase (NSE) by ELISA. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Delirium Rating Scale (DRS) were used to assess postoperative cognitive function and postoperative delirium, respectively. Results: Compared with the control group, the amount of Phenylephrine, Dopamine, Adrenaline used in Dexmedetomidine group was significantly reduced (94 μg vs. 185 μg; 24 μg vs. 44 μg; 6.3% vs. 21%), while the volume of Atropine was significantly increased (18% vs. 6.1%), the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05); the SjvO2 of two groups of patients at T2 was significantly higher than that at T1 while Da-jvO2 and CERO2 were significantly lower than those at T1. Moreover, by comparing with control group, the SjvO2 of Dexmedetomidine group at T2 and T3 was significantly higher while Da-jvO2 and CERO2 were significantly lower (all P < 0.05). The postoperative delirium score of dexmedetomidine group (15.8±4.2) was significantly lower than that of control group (18.6±6.2), the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); there was a significant difference in MMSE score (P < 0.05) between two groups at postoperative 1 week; the concentrations of TNF-α, S-100β protein and NSE level of both groups at T2 and T3 were significantly increased (P < 0.05) by comparing with the values at T1, and the levels in dexmedetomidine group were significantly lower than those of control group (P < 0.05) at T2 and T3. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine could improve brain oxygen metabolism and reduce intraoperative cerebral ischemia and hypoxia during cardiac valve replacement surgery under CPB; to a certain extent, Dexmedetomidine has cerebral protective effect.
Using text mining to infer the purpose of permission use in mobile apps

Understanding the purpose of why sensitive data is used could help improve privacy as well as enable new kinds of access control. In this paper, we introduce a new technique for inferring the purpose of sensitive data usage in the context of Android smartphone apps. We extract multiple kinds of features from decompiled code, focusing on app-specific features and text-based features. These features are then used to train a machine learning classifier. We have evaluated our approach in the context of two sensitive permissions, namely ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION and READ_CONTACT_LIST, and achieved an accuracy of about 85% and 94% respectively in inferring purposes. We have also found that text-based features alone are highly effective in inferring purposes.
Use of a FishEye Camera for GNSS NLOS Exclusion and Characterization in Urban Environments

This article presents a new integration method for GNSS, INS and a fish-eye camera for improving vehicle navigation accuracy in urban environments. In general, the quality of satellite navigation systems in cities tends to be quite poor. The influence of multipath, masking and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) signals can degrade the GNSS position accuracy up to tens of meters, making the solution quite unusable for precise applications. In this article, it is proposed to integrate a wide field-ofview fish-eye camera, mounted on the roof of the car and facing up. This camera is used to detect which satellites are in direct Line-of-Sight (LOS), and which are hidden behind buildings, potentially resulting in NLOS. This camera is integrated together with a GNSS and INS sensors, which will allow a vehicle to navigate in city canyons. This article first presents the algorithm for GNSS and INS integration using an Extended Kalman filter, as well as the models used for the GNSS measurements. It then presents the NLOS detection method, which mixes the information given by the camera together with the received ? /? 0 in order to estimate which satellites are in direct view of the receiver. The performance of the algorithm is finally tested in the urban environment of Toulouse using ENAC’s own test van. The tests show that the GNSS/INS/Fish-eye camera integration does work as a stand-alone device and it allows for a more accurate positioning in urban environments.
Managing for resilience: an information theory‐based approach to assessing ecosystems

Summary Ecosystems are complex and multivariate; hence, methods to assess the dynamics of ecosystems should have the capacity to evaluate multiple indicators simultaneously. Most research on identifying leading indicators of regime shifts has focused on univariate methods and simple models which have limited utility when evaluating real ecosystems, particularly because drivers are often unknown. We discuss some common univariate and multivariate approaches for detecting critical transitions in ecosystems and demonstrate their capabilities via case studies. Synthesis and applications. We illustrate the utility of an information theory-based index for assessing ecosystem dynamics. Trends in this index also provide a sentinel of both abrupt and gradual transitions in ecosystems.
Factors associated with sexual and reproductive health stigma among adolescent girls in Ghana

Objective Using our previously developed and tested Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) Stigma Scale, we investigated factors associated with perceived SRH stigma among adolescent girls in Ghana. Methods We drew upon data from our survey study of 1,063 females 15-24yrs recruited from community- and clinic-based sites in two Ghanaian cities. Our Adolescent SRH Stigma Scale comprised 20 items and 3 sub-scales (Internalized, Enacted, Lay Attitudes) to measure stigma occurring with sexual activity, contraceptive use, pregnancy, abortion and family planning service use. We assessed relationships between a comprehensive set of demographic, health and social factors and SRH Stigma with multi-level multivariable linear regression models. Results In unadjusted bivariate analyses, compared to their counterparts, SRH stigma scores were higher among girls who were younger, Accra residents, Muslim, still in/dropped out of secondary school, unemployed, reporting excellent/very good health, not in a relationship, not sexually experienced, never received family planning services, never used contraception, but had been pregnant (all p-values <0.05). In multivariable models, higher SRH stigma scores were associated with history of pregnancy (β = 1.53, CI = 0.51,2.56) and excellent/very good self-rated health (β = 0.89, CI = 0.20,1.58), while lower stigma scores were associated with older age (β = -0.17, 95%CI = -0.24,-0.09), higher educational attainment (β = -1.22, CI = -1.82,-0.63), and sexual intercourse experience (β = -1.32, CI = -2.10,-0.55). Conclusions Findings provide insight into factors contributing to SRH stigma among this young Ghanaian female sample. Further research disentangling the complex interrelationships between SRH stigma, health, and social context is needed to guide multi-level interventions to address SRH stigma and its causes and consequences for adolescents worldwide.
Analysis of Dominant Process Parameters in Deep-Drawing of Paperboard

The application of the wrinkle measuring method described in Muller et al. (2017) and the subsequent evaluation algorithm of a range of deep-drawn samples were used to determine the influences and interdependencies of blankholder force, tool temperatures, and drawing height on the formation of wrinkles in paperboard. The main influences were identified and quantitatively evaluated. For the given experimental space, a regression function was derived and validated in further experiments. It was shown that a quadratic regression was superior to the previously used linear regression. The findings were discussed and compared with the results of similar experiments from past publications. Special attention was given to the wrinkles formed and the resulting quality of the formed paperboard cups. The restrictions of the data acquisition from the measuring method that was used and limitations of the model were presented to demonstrate the reliability of the results.
HAVCR1 (CD365) and Its Mouse Ortholog Are Functional Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Cellular Receptors That Mediate HAV Infection

ABSTRACT The hepatitis A virus (HAV) cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1), classified as CD365, was initially discovered as an HAV cellular receptor using an expression cloning strategy. Due to the lack of HAV receptor-negative replication-competent cells, it was not possible to fully prove that HAVCR1 was a functional HAV receptor. However, biochemistry, classical virology, and epidemiology studies further supported the functional role of HAVCR1 as an HAV receptor. Here, we show that an anti-HAVCR1 monoclonal antibody that protected African green monkey kidney (AGMK) cells against HAV infection only partially protected monkey Vero E6 cells and human hepatoma Huh7 cells, indicating that these two cell lines express alternative yet unidentified HAV receptors. Therefore, we focused our work on AGMK cells to further characterize the function of HAVCR1 as an HAV receptor. Advances in clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/Cas9 technology allowed us to knock out the monkey ortholog of HAVCR1 in AGMK cells. The resulting AGMK HAVCR1 knockout (KO) cells lost susceptibility to HAV infection, including HAV-free viral particles (vpHAV) and exosomes purified from HAV-infected cells (exo-HAV). Transfection of HAVCR1 cDNA into AGMK HAVCR1 KO cells restored susceptibility to vpHAV and exo-HAV infection. Furthermore, transfection of the mouse ortholog of HAVCR1, mHavcr1, also restored the susceptibility of AGMK HAVCR1 KO cells to HAV infection. Taken together, our data clearly show that HAVCR1 and mHavcr1 are functional HAV receptors that mediate HAV infection. This work paves the way for the identification of alternative HAV receptors to gain a complete understanding of their interplay with HAVCR1 in the cell entry and pathogenic processes of HAV. IMPORTANCE HAVCR1, an HAV receptor, is expressed in different cell types, including regulatory immune cells and antigen-presenting cells. How HAV evades the immune response during a long incubation period of up to 4 weeks and the mechanism by which the subsequent necroinflammatory process clears the infection remain a puzzle that most likely involves the HAV-HAVCR1 interaction. Based on negative data, a recent paper from the S. M. Lemon and W. Maury laboratories (A. Das, A. Hirai-Yuki, O. Gonzalez-Lopez, B. Rhein, S. Moller-Tank, R. Brouillette, L. Hensley, I. Misumi, W. Lovell, J. M. Cullen, J. K. Whitmire, W. Maury, and S. M. Lemon, mBio 8:e00969-17, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00969-17) suggested that HAVCR1 is not a functional HAV receptor, nor it is it required for HAV infection. However, our data, based on regain of the HAV receptor function in HAVCR1 knockout cells transfected with HAVCR1 cDNA, disagree with their findings. Our positive data show conclusively that HAVCR1 is indeed a functional HAV receptor and lays the ground for the identification of alternative HAV receptors and how they interact with HAVCR1 in cell entry and the pathogenesis of HAV.
Bioaerosols concentrations in working areas in biomethanization facilities

ABSTRACT This study sought to fill the gap in information about the type and the concentration of bioaerosols present in the air of biomethanization facilities (BF). Evaluation of bioaerosol composition and concentration was achieved in two biomethanization facilities located in Eastern Canada, during summer and winter. In order to have a thorough understanding of the studied environment, the methodology combined culture of bacteria and molds, qualitiative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for specific microorganisms, endotoxin quantification, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) for bacterial diversity. Results revealed that workers in biomethanization facilities are exposed to bioaerosols and pathogenic microorganisms similar to those found in composting plants. However, human exposure levels to bioaerosols are lower in BF than in composting plants. Despite these differences, use of personal protective equipment is recommended to lower the risks of health problems. Implications: Biomethanization is a new technology used in eastern Canada for waste management. In the next few years, it is expected that there will be an expansion of facilities in response of tight governmental regulations. Workers in biomethanization facilities are exposed to various amounts of bioaerosols composed of some harmful microorganisms. Therefore, monitoring this occupational exposure could be an interesting tool for improving worker’s health.
Imidocarb Dipropionate Clears Persistent Babesia caballi Infection with Elimination of Transmission Potential

ABSTRACT Antimicrobial treatment of persistent infection to eliminate transmission risk represents a specific challenge requiring compelling evidence of complete pathogen clearance. The limited repertoire of antimicrobial agents targeted at protozoal parasites magnifies this challenge. Using Babesia caballi as both a model and a specific apicomplexan pathogen for which evidence of the elimination of transmission risk is required for international animal movement, we tested whether a high-dose regimen of imidocarb dipropionate cleared infection from persistently infected asymptomatic horses and/or eliminated transmission risk. Clearance with elimination of transmission risk was supported by the following four specific lines of evidence: (i) inability to detect parasites by quantitative PCR and nested PCR amplification, (ii) conversion from seropositive to seronegative status, (iii) inability to transmit infection by direct inoculation of blood into susceptible recipient horses, and (iv) inability to transmit infection by ticks acquisition fed on the treated horses and subsequently transmission fed on susceptible horses. In contrast, untreated horses remained infected and capable of transmitting B. caballi using the same criteria. These findings establish that imidocarb dipropionate treatment clears B. caballi infection with confirmation of lack of transmission risk either by direct blood transfer or a high tick burden. Importantly, the treated horses revert to seronegative status according to the international standard for serologic testing and would be permitted to move between countries where the pathogen is endemic and countries that are free of the pathogen.
Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in older and younger patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVES Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We evaluated the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg twice daily (BID), in patients with moderate to severe RA, aged ≥65 and <65 years. METHODS Data were pooled from five Phase 3 trials and, separately, from two open-label long-term extension (LTE) studies (data cut-off April, 2012). Patients received tofacitinib, or placebo (Phase 3 only), with/without conventional synthetic DMARDs (mainly methotrexate). Clinical efficacy outcomes from Phase 3 studies were evaluated at Month 3. Safety evaluations using pooled Phase 3 data (Month 12) and pooled LTE data (Month 24) compared exposure-adjusted incidence rates (IRs; with 95% confidence intervals [CIs]), in older versus younger patients. RESULTS In Phase 3 and LTE studies, 15.3% (475/3111) and 16.1% (661/4102) of patients, respectively, were aged ≥65 years. Consequently, exposure to tofacitinib was lower in older versus younger patients in Phase 3 (259.2 vs. 1554.9 patient years [pt-yrs]) and LTE (962.1 vs. 5071.7 pt-yrs) studies. Probability ratios for ACR responses and HAQ-DI improvement from baseline ≥0.22 (Month 3) favoured tofacitinib and were similar in older and younger patients, with overlapping CIs. IRs for SAEs and discontinuations due to AEs were generally numerically higher in older versus younger patients, irrespective of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Older patients receiving tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg BID had a similar probability of ACR20 or ACR50 response and, due to comorbidities, a numerically higher risk of SAEs and discontinuations due to AEs compared with younger patients.