Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient-dynamic source routing (E-DSR)

A Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a self-configuring network of mobile devices connected by wireless links. The communication in ad hoc network is uncertain because established route could be broken anytime. The main two reasons for route breakage are: movement of a node in the route from its neighbor's signal range and any node in the route may run out of battery. In this paper, we have proposed a scheme E-DSR that improves the route maintenance process of DSR. E-DSR uses two levels of thresholds, each of two factors: node's battery power and received RF signal power. During the time interval between these two thresholds, source node checks the freshness of the entire backup routes simultaneously and delete stale routes from its route cache. If the route cache becomes empty then source initiate a new route discovery. The advantage of E-DSR is that the time interval (T) would be zero when there is at least one fresh route in the source's route cache and T would be much less than that in DSR when there is no fresh route found. Hence, E-DSR minimizes the loss of data packets.
Genome-Wide Scan for White Matter Hyperintensity: The Framingham Heart Study

Background and Purpose— White matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume is associated with aging and cerebrovascular disease and has been demonstrated to have a high heritability in the Framingham Heart Study as well as in other studies. We performed a genome-wide linkage analysis to identify chromosomal regions that may harbor genes influencing WMH in a family-based sample of the Framingham Heart Study. Methods— Brain magnetic resonance scans were performed, and WMH and total cranial volume (TCV) were quantified as previously described on 2259 cohort and offspring participants. The outcome used for linkage analysis was an age specific (within 10-year age groups) z-score for the natural logarithm of the ratio of WMH to TCV. This z-score was based on 2230 individuals after excluding 26 participants with neurological conditions other than stroke and 3 individuals whose ages were out of range. Variance component linkage analysis included 747 individuals (mean age=62.16±12.43 years) with both magnetic resonance measure and genotype information in 237 families. Mean percent WMH to TCV was 0.098±0.175 with a range of 0.00025% to 1.37% in the linkage analysis subjects. Results— A maximum multipoint logarithm of the odds (LOD) score=3.69, which indicates significant evidence of linkage, was observed at 4 cM on chromosome 4. A suggestive peak with LOD=1.78 was observed at 95 cM on chromosome 17. Conclusion— We have significant evidence that a gene influencing WMH volume is located on chromosome 4 of the human genome.
MARKETING ‘ MALAYSIA WELCOMES THE WORLD : ARE MALAYSIA ’ S TOURISM MARKETS CONVERGING ?

Over the last 25 years Malaysia’s tourism sector has emerged as an important source of foreign exchange for Malaysia. This paper applies univariate and panel Lagrange Multiplier (LM) unit root tests with one and two structural breaks to examine whether Malaysia’s ten most important tourist markets are converging. The study finds strong evidence that Malaysia’s tourism markets are converging. Based on these findings, implications are drawn about the success of the marketing strategies of Tourism Malaysia and the prospects for the continuing contribution of tourism to the Malaysian economy.
The Rhetoric of Sorrow: A Subgenre of Organizational Apologia

This paper proposes a new subgenre of organizational apologia, the rhetoric of sorrow. To illustrate the rhetorical situation in which a rhetoric of sorrow functions to produce a successful apologia campaign and to offer examples of the forms such a rhetoric should take, NASCAR driver Tony Stewart’s response to the death of Kevin Ward Jr. is used as exemplar.
Ergodicity of the hybridization-expansion Monte Carlo algorithm for broken-symmetry states

With the success of dynamical mean field theories, solvers for quantum-impurity problems have become an important tool for the numerical study of strongly correlated systems. Continuous-time Quantum Monte Carlo sampling of the expansion in powers of the hybridization between the ``impurity'' and the bath provides a powerful solver when interactions are strong. Here we show that the usual updates that add or remove a pair of creation-annihilation operators are rigorously not ergodic for several classes of broken-symmetries that involve spatial components. We show that updates with larger numbers of simultaneous updates of pairs of creation-annihilation operators remedy this problem. As an example, we apply the four operator updates that are necessary for ergodicity to the case of d-wave superconductivity in plaquette dynamical mean-field theory for the one-band Hubbard model. While the results are qualitatively similar to those previously published, they are quantitatively better that previous ones, being closer to those obtained by other approaches.
Information Infrastructure: An Actor-Network Perspective

Recent work on information systems has discussed the nature and the complexity of the Information Infrastructures (II) concept. This research has mainly focused on two aspects: studying the process that both shapes and stabilizes information infrastructures, and studying the role played by information infrastructure in leveraging business performance. Using the ideas proposed by the Actor Network Theory (ANT), this article suggests a new way to conceptualise the nature of II, that is, its ontology. Using ANT as an ontological foundation to analyse the relations among actors, the article proposes the concept of information infrastructures in action to highlight their dynamic nature. This leads us to consider information infrastructures not as stable entities, but rather as entities performed in, by, and through relations. The aim of this work is to overcome the limitations associated with studying information infrastructures that rely on stability and manageability assumptions. Conceiving information infrastructures in terms of performative forces that evolve dynamically, this work provides a framework to examine information infrastructure in terms of dynamic relationships by looking at the process that shapes these relationships. The article suggests that information infrastructures should not be studied retrospectively to understand how they are established, but rather should be studied focussing on the process of making. Here we study the action of making rather than the processes that made.
Psychological and behavioural factors of unintentional doping: A preliminary systematic review

In some cases, doping in sport is an intentional goal-directed behaviour, but research suggests that it might also occur accidentally when athletes inadvertently or unintentionally consume banned performance-enhancing drugs via food, supplements, or medication. Because research into the psychological factors of unintentional doping is still emerging, this paper aims to conduct a preliminary systematic review of all the existing literature concerning the psychology of unintentional doping in sport. The systematic review was carried out via an extensive search of Medline, PsycINFO, PsycTESTS, PsycARTICLES, and Web of Science, and reports from World Anti-Doping Agency. Among the 2110 articles identified from the search, six studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Evidence from these studies suggests that the avoidance of unintentional doping could be related to a number of behavioural, social, and psychological factors, such as athletes’ conscious awareness of, and capacity to cope with, situations where they may be exposed to performance-enhancing substances. Motivational factors from self-determination theory, social-cognitive variables, and beliefs from the theory of planned behaviour, and trait self-control were also related to athletes’ behaviours that contribute to the avoidance of unintentional doping. On the basis of this systematic review, we propose initial evidence-based suggestions that may support sport scientists, team doctors, and practitioners to implement interventions or educational programmes to increase athletes’ awareness of, and ability to avoid, unintentional doping in sport.
Understanding quit decisions in primary care: a qualitative study of older GPs

Objective To investigate the reasons behind intentions to quit direct patient care among experienced general practitioners (GPs) aged 50–60 years. Design and setting Qualitative study based on semistructured interviews with GPs in the South West region of England. Transcribed interviews were analysed thematically. Participants 23 GPs aged 50–60 years: 3 who had retired from direct patient care before age 60, and 20 who intended to quit direct patient care within the next 5 years. Results The analysis identified four key themes: early retirement is a viable option for many GPs; GPs have employment options other than undertaking direct patient care; GPs report feeling they are doing an (almost) undoable job; and GPs may have other aspirations that pull them away from practice. Findings from this study confirmed those from earlier research, with high workload, ageing and health, family and domestic life, and organisational change all influencing GPs’ decisions about when to retire/quit direct patient care. However, in addition, GPs expressed feelings of insecurity and uncertainty regarding the future of general practice, low morale, and issues regarding accountability (appraisal and revalidation) and governance. Suggestions about how to help retain GPs within the active clinical workforce were offered, covering individual, practice and organisational levels. Conclusions This research highlights aspects of the current professional climate for GPs that are having an impact on retirement decisions. Any future changes to policy or practice to help retain experienced GPs will benefit from this informed understanding of GPs’ views. Key factors to take into account include: making the GP workload more manageable; managing change sympathetically; paying attention to GPs’ own health; improving confidence in the future of general practice; and improving GP morale.
Plasma Transthyretin as a Biomarker of Lean Body Mass and Catabolic States12

Plasma transthyretin (TTR) is a plasma protein secreted by the liver that circulates bound to retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and its retinol ligand. TTR is the sole plasma protein that reveals from birth to old age evolutionary patterns that are closely superimposable to those of lean body mass (LBM) and thus works as the best surrogate analyte of LBM. Any alteration in energy-to-protein balance impairs the accretion of LBM reserves and causes early depression of TTR production. In acute inflammatory states, cytokines induce urinary leakage of nitrogenous catabolites, deplete LBM stores, and cause an abrupt decrease in TTR and RBP4 concentrations. As a result, thyroxine and retinol ligands are released in free form, creating a second frontline that strengthens that primarily initiated by cytokines. Malnutrition and inflammation thus keep in check TTR and RBP4 secretion by using distinct and unrelated physiologic pathways, but they operate in concert to downregulate LBM stores. The biomarker complex integrates these opposite mechanisms at any time and thereby constitutes an ideally suited tool to determine residual LBM resources still available for metabolic responses, hence predicting outcomes of the most interwoven disease conditions.
Threat-Related Attentional Biases in Police Officers and Martial Artists: Investigating Potential Differences Using the E-Stroop and Dot Probe Task

In this study, we investigated the possible development of threat-related attentional bias due to the work as a police officer. For this purpose, we compared four groups, differing with regard to their experience in policing and martial arts: (a) police officers with no experience in martial arts (n = 74), (b) martial artists (n = 50), (c) police officers with martial arts experience (n = 33), and (d) a control group (n = 48). Participants completed the Dot Probe Task, the Emotional Stroop Task, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The results on the Dot Probe and the Emotional Stroop Task showed that the groups did not differ with regard to threat-related attentional biases. However, the control group showed higher measures of trait anxiety compared with the other groups. The results are discussed in the light of police use of force and martial arts training, as well as with regard to optimizing psychological measures to capture functional threat-related attentional bias.
Analytical and numerical investigation of the radiation and scattering from concentric metamaterial cylinders excited by an electric line source

An antenna configuration consisting of an arbitrarily located electric line source radiating in the presence of a pair of concentric metamaterial cylinders is investigated analytically and numerically. The near‐ and far‐field properties of these structures are analyzed through an investigation of such parameters as the total radiated power, directivity, and total as well as differential scattering cross sections. The results obtained for these metamaterial structures are compared to those for the corresponding structures made of conventional materials. It is shown that electrically small concentric metamaterial structures can be designed to be resonant and to possess advantageous radiation and scattering characteristics in contrast to the corresponding structures made of conventional materials. More specifically, it is shown that metamaterial structures lead to significant enhancements of the total radiated power as well as the total and differential scattering cross sections. Moreover, the feasibility of controlling the directivity pattern of the electrically small metamaterial structures through appropriate locations of the electric line source is demonstrated. The effects of the dispersion and loss present in the metamaterials are taken into account to study the bandwidth properties of these resonant configurations.
Establishing a method for analysing metaphors in higher education teaching: a case from business management teaching

ABSTRACT It has been suggested that metaphors have a crucial influence on the way we perceive and construct the world. As a result, metaphor analysis has been used as a way to reveal, analyse and understand conceptions of teaching in higher education. This paper introduces a different way to analyse metaphors for teaching than the ones previously used in higher education. By focusing on temporarily stable, spontaneously uttered metaphors in conversation data, the unfiltered metaphors for teaching are analysed. Through a thorough analysis of eight interviews with lecturers from business management, it is established how teaching in this context is conceptualised as a vehicle on tracks and as having levels as well as depth and width. It is discussed how the identified metaphors open up a space of possibilities for the lecturers and to what extent these results can be generalised beyond this context.
Joint statistics of interference in a wireless communications link resulted from a poisson field of interferers

We consider a multi-user wireless communication scenario, where signal reception is often corrupted by interference from co-channel users. Under the assumptions that the path loss between the source and destination increases with distance in a power-law fashion, and that during each symbol interval the interferers form a Poisson point processes in space, which are independent between different symbols, it has been shown in the past that interference samples, obtained at symbol rate, constitute an i.i. d, α-stable process. The latter independence assumption, however, is unrealistic as it implies that the session life of each interferer is one symbol interval long only. In this paper we let the session life of each interferer be a random variable. We show that the resulting interference is non i.i. d. and derive its joint statistics. As a special case, a heavy-tail distributed session life results in long-range dependent interference. We validate our claims via simulations, and demonstrate the importance of taking into account the dependence of the interference when performing signal detection.
Automatic, Dimensional and Continuous Emotion Recognition

Recognition and analysis of human emotions have attracted a lot of interest in the past two decades and have been researched extensively in neuroscience, psychology, cognitive sciences, and computer sciences. Most of the past research in machine analysis of human emotion has focused on recognition of prototypic expressions of six basic emotions based on data that has been posed on demand and acquired in laboratory settings. More recently, there has been a shift toward recognition of affective displays recorded in naturalistic settings as driven by real world applications. This shift in affective computing research is aimed toward subtle, continuous, and context-specific interpretations of affective displays recorded in real-world settings and toward combining multiple modalities for analysis and recognition of human emotion. Accordingly, this article explores recent advances in dimensional and continuous affect modeling, sensing, and automatic recognition from visual, audio, tactile, and brain-wave modalities.
Code Cognitive Complexity: A New Measure

There are different facets of software complexity, some of which have been computed using widely accepted metrics like cyclomatic complexity, data/information flow metrics, but very less attempts have been made to measure the cognitive aspect of the complexity. The human mind's efforts needed for the comprehension of the source code reflect a different dimension of complexity, which is being measured in this paper. There are two aspects of the readability of the source code. One of these is spatial aspect and the other is architectural aspect. This paper is an attempt to measure the cognitive complexity of the source code, by integrating the spatial distances, impact of control statements, and effect of input & output parameters. The proposed metric is evaluated against 5 different programs and also compared with standalone metrics to prove its usefulness.
Active refinement of clone anomaly reports

Software clones have been widely studied in the recent literature and shown useful for finding bugs because inconsistent changes among clones in a clone group may indicate potential bugs. However, many inconsistent clone groups are not real bugs (true positives). The excessive number of false positives could easily impede broad adoption of clone-based bug detection approaches. In this work, we aim to improve the usability of clone-based bug detection tools by increasing the rate of true positives found when a developer analyzes anomaly reports. Our idea is to control the number of anomaly reports a user can see at a time and actively incorporate incremental user feedback to continually refine the anomaly reports. Our system first presents top few anomaly reports from the list of reports generated by a tool in its default ordering. Users then either accept or reject each of the reports. Based on the feedback, our system automatically and iteratively refines a classification model for anomalies and re-sorts the rest of the reports. Our goal is to present the true positives to the users earlier than the default ordering. The rationale of the idea is based on our observation that false positives among the inconsistent clone groups could share common features (in terms of code structure, programming patterns, etc.), and these features can be learned from the incremental user feedback. We evaluate our refinement process on three sets of clone-based anomaly reports from three large real programs: the Linux Kernel (C), Eclipse, and ArgoUML (Java), extracted by a clone-based anomaly detection tool. The results show that compared to the original ordering of bug reports, we can improve the rate of true positives found (i.e., true positives are found faster) by 11%, 87%, and 86% for Linux kernel, Eclipse, and ArgoUML, respectively.
Bank branch performance assessment : including customer satisfaction measures

This study reports a method for integrating customer satisfaction data into a DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) model for exploring bank branch efficiency. It is confirmed that inclusion of an unadjusted customer satisfaction score generates misleading results, but that use of an adjustment process can remedy this. In this particular case, bank branches are found to be subject to decreasing returns to scale.
Largest Eigenvalue and Invertibility of Symmetric Matrix Signings

The spectra of signed matrices have played a fundamental role in social sciences, graph theory and control theory. They have been key to understanding balance in social networks, to counting perfect matchings in bipartite graphs, and to analyzing robust stability of dynamic systems involving uncertainties. More recently, the results of Marcus et al. have shown that an efficient algorithm to find a signing of a given adjacency matrix that minimizes the largest eigenvalue could immediately lead to efficient construction of Ramanujan expanders. Motivated by these applications, we investigate natural spectral properties of signed matrices and address the computational problems of identifying signings with these spectral properties. Our main results are: (a) NP-completeness of three problems: verifying whether a given matrix has a signing that is positive semi-definite/singular/has bounded eigenvalues, (b) a polynomial-time algorithm to verify whether a given matrix has a signing that is invertible, and (c) a polynomial-time algorithm to find a minimum increase in support of a given symmetric matrix so that it has an invertible signing. We use combinatorial and spectral techniques; our main new tool is a combinatorial characterization of matrices with invertible signings that might be of independent interest. We use our characterization and classic structural results from matching theory to find a minimum increase in the support in order to obtain invertible signings.
ROTATION CURVES OF 967 SPIRAL GALAXIES

We present the rotation curves (RCs) of 967 spiral galaxies, obtained by folding and deprojecting the raw optical data by Mathewson et al. (1992). Out of these, we have identified 80 excellent RCs and 820 fair RCs. The 80 excellent RCs are smooth, symmetric, have negligible rms internal error, extend to at least the optical radius, and have high and homogeneus radial data coverage; they rival with the best optical one-slit RCs available in the literature and are ideally suited for detailed mass structure modelling. The 820 fair RCs do not meet at least one of the above criteria and hence are not suitable for direct mass modelling; however, they constitute a large database for methods aiming to recover statistical properties of DM. For these 900 RCs we also present, in figures and tables, the rotation curves smoothed on scales corresponding to 5%-20% of the optical size. By size, homogeneity, intrinsic quality, and spanned range of luminosities and asymptotic velocities, this sample constitutes by far the best sample of RCs available to date. As such, it will offer a unique opportunity for investigating in considerable depth the properties of DM in galaxies. The the deprojected folded curves, the smoothed curves, and various related quantities are available via anonymous ftp at galileo.sissa. it in the directory /users/ftp/pub/psrot.