Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal distribution of microbial communities in a coastal, sandy aquifer system (Doñana, SW Spain)

The aquifer system of Doñana (SW Spain) represents the most important freshwater source in the Doñana Natural Area. Its spatiotemporal dynamics favours the hydrological connection between surface and subsurface ecosystems, and promotes matter fluxes among the different terrestrial and aquatic systems present here. This aquifer has been intensively studied from a hydrogeological point of view but little is known from an ecological perspective. In order to understand the ecological roles played by microbial communities in this system, we conducted a long‐term seasonal study of bacterial abundance, cell biomass, bacterial biomass and functional activities over a 2‐year period. Bacterial abundance ranged between 2.11 ± 1.79 × 105 and 8.58 ± 6.99 × 107 bacteria mL−1 groundwater, average cell biomass was estimated to be 77.01 ± 31.56 fgC and bacterial biomass varied between 8.99 ± 4.10 × 10−2 and 5.65 ± 0.70 µgC mL−1. Iron‐related bacteria showed the highest activities among the functional groups studied. Moreover, among the variables that usually control spatial distributions of microbial communities in aquifer systems, depth did not have a relevant effect on this aquifer, at least in the range of depths studied, but grain size, probably due to its direct effects on hydrogeological parameters, such as permeability or porosity, appeared to exert moderate control, principally in terms of bacterial abundance. Finally, significant seasonal differences in the means of these microbiological variables were also observed; temperature seems to be the main factor controlling the temporal distribution of microbial communities in this aquifer system.
Effects of Rimonabant, as Monotherapy and in Combination With Fenofibrate or Ezetimibe, on Plasma Adipokine Levels: A Pilot Study

Weight loss and hypolipidemic drugs can improve lipid and adipokine levels. We assessed the effects of rimonabant, alone and in combination with fenofibrate or ezetimibe, on adipokine levels in obese/overweight patients with dyslipidemia. Overweight/obese patients (n = 60, body mass index = 27-40 kg/m2) with mixed dyslipidemia were recruited. Patients received a hypocaloric diet and were randomized to rimonabant 20 mg/d (group R, n = 20), rimonabant 20 mg/d plus fenofibrate 200 mg/d (group RF, n = 20), or rimonabant 20 mg/d plus ezetimibe 10 mg/d (group RE, n = 20). After 3 months, leptin concentration was significantly reduced in all groups (—38%, P < .005; —40%, P < .005; and —44%, P < .001 in the R, RF, and RE groups, respectively). Total adiponectin remained unaltered. Visfatin concentration decreased significantly only in the RE and RF groups (—18% and —38%, respectively; P < .047). Treatment with rimonabant may improve adipokine levels in overweight/obese patients with dyslipidemia. The addition of fenofibrate or ezetimibe may reinforce this effect.
Far-Infrared Spitzer Observations of Elliptical Galaxies: Evidence for Extended Diffuse Dust

Far-infrared Spitzer observations of elliptical galaxies are inconsistent with simple steady state models of dust creation in red giant stars and destruction by grain sputtering in the hot interstellar gas at T ~ 107 K. The flux at 24 μm correlates with optical fluxes, suggesting that this relatively hot dust is largely circumstellar. But fluxes at 70 and 160 μm do not correlate with optical fluxes. Elliptical galaxies with similar LB have luminosities at 70 and 160 μm (L70 and L160) that vary over a factor of ~100, implying an additional source of dust unrelated to that produced by ongoing local stellar mass loss. Neither L70/LB nor L160/LB correlate with the stellar age or metallicity. Optical line fluxes from warm gas at T ~ 104 K correlate weakly with L70 and L160, suggesting that the dust may be responsible for cooling this gas. Many normal elliptical galaxies have emission at 70 μm that is extended to 5-10 kpc. Extended far-infrared emission with sputtering lifetimes of ~108 yr is difficult to maintain by mergers with gas-rich galaxies. Instead, we propose that this cold dust is buoyantly transported from reservoirs of dust in the galactic cores, which are supplied by mass loss from stars in the core. Intermittent energy outbursts from AGNs can drive the buoyant outflow.
Dependency Parsing Schemata and Mildly Non-Projective Dependency Parsing

We introduce dependency parsing schemata, a formal framework based on Sikkel's parsing schemata for constituency parsers, which can be used to describe, analyze, and compare dependency parsing algorithms. We use this framework to describe several well-known projective and non-projective dependency parsers, build correctness proofs, and establish formal relationships between them. We then use the framework to define new polynomial-time parsing algorithms for various mildly non-projective dependency formalisms, including well-nested structures with their gap degree bounded by a constant k in time O(n5+2k), and a new class that includes all gap degree k structures present in several natural language treebanks (which we call mildly ill-nested structures for gap degree k) in time O(n4+3k). Finally, we illustrate how the parsing schema framework can be applied to Link Grammar, a dependency-related formalism.
Automatic behavior descriptors for psychological disorder analysis

We investigate the capabilities of automatic nonverbal behavior descriptors to identify indicators of psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. We seek to confirm and enrich present state of the art, predominantly based on qualitative manual annotations, with automatic quantitative behavior descriptors. In this paper, we propose four nonverbal behavior descriptors that can be automatically estimated from visual signals. We introduce a new dataset called the Distress Assessment Interview Corpus (DAIC) which includes 167 dyadic interactions between a confederate interviewer and a paid participant. Our evaluation on this dataset shows correlation of our automatic behavior descriptors with specific psychological disorders as well as a generic distress measure. Our analysis also includes a deeper study of self-adaptor and fidgeting behaviors based on detailed annotations of where these behaviors occur.
Automated Levodopa-induced dyskinesia assessment

An automated methodology for Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) assessment is presented in this paper. The methodology is based on the analysis of the signals recorded from accelerometers and gyroscopes, which are placed on certain positions on the subject's body. The obtained signals are analyzed and several features are extracted. Based on these features a classification technique is used for LID detection and classification of its severity. The method has been evaluated using a group of 10 subjects. Results are presented related to each individual sensor as well as for various sensor combinations. The obtained results indicate high classification ability (93.73% classification accuracy).
Computer‐mediated communication: synchronicity and compensatory effort

Groups might perform compensatory communicative actions if media characteristics impede a particular communication process. The present study examined this hypothesis for the process of information integration, which is a sub-task in collaborative problem-solving. Synchronous media characteristics support the information integration process, while asynchronous media characteristics impede it. The synchronicity of the medium was varied by manipulating parallelism and the immediacy of feedback within real-time, text-based computer-mediated communication. A Conversational Games Analysis (CGA) was performed in order to investigate the functional purposes of the task-oriented contributions. All groups successfully solved the problem. However, groups interacting in the asynchronous communication mode produced significantly more functional contributions for the purpose of mutual task-oriented understanding and clarification, compared to the synchronous groups. Moreover, members of asynchronous groups repeated unshared pieces of information more often. These differences are interpreted as communicative efforts that balance the hindering influence of asynchronous media characteristics on the process of information integration. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Siblings of children and young people with autism. An exploration of typical siblings' constructions, perceptions and coping responses

The inter-sibling relationships of children and young people with autism have generally been overlooked in the literature. Whilst research has increasingly focused on this topic, relatively little is known about the constructions, perceptions and coping responses of typical siblings of children and young people with autism. A child with autism in the family presents a unique challenge and little is known about how this impacts on typical siblings. Typical siblings of children and young people with autism are proposed to be at increased risk for adjustment difficulties, as a result of interactions between complex genetic and environmental variables. Semi-structured, open-ended interviews were conducted with twelve adolescent typical siblings to explore their constructions, perceptions and coping responses. The data was analysed using thematic analysis and nine broad themes emerged: (1) knowledge and understanding of autism; (2) perceptions; (3) the quality of the inter-sibling relationship; (4) the impact of their brothers’ condition; (5) coping strategies; (6) perceptions of others; (7) support; (8) the future; and (9) acceptance and ambivalence. These themes were developed into models and the findings present initial evidence which accounts for some variability in typical siblings’ constructions, perceptions and coping responses. Such factors have important implications for individual adjustment, inter-sibling relationships, intra-familial relationships and global family functioning. These findings may be used to inform future large scale research designs, with a view to developing comprehensive assessment and support services for typical siblings of children and young people with autism. The Educational Psychologist (EP) will be integral in identifying typical siblings who may be at risk for adjustment difficulties. The EP is also well placed to develop interventions and support services for typical siblings of children and young people with autism. Therefore, this research is direct relevance to the EP, as well as those working with children and young people with autism and their families.
Music teacher educators’ visions of music teacher preparation in Finland, Norway and Sweden

In this study we investigated the visions of 12 music teacher educators who teach pedagogical courses called instrumental pedagogy and classroom music pedagogy in three music academies in Finland, Norway and Sweden. The data were collected through individual, semi-structured qualitative interviews. Drawing on Hammerness’ concept of teachers’ vision we concentrated on the educators’ visions of good music pedagogy teaching, an ideal graduate, and visions of their subject as a whole, as well as how those visions can be extended to denote some characteristics of the teaching traditions at play. The results indicated that visions were personal and not necessarily consistent between educators or across institutions. Rather, they were strongly related to, steered, and limited by established teaching traditions. We suggest that vision might constitute a functional concept in music teacher educators’ reflections on their work and that clear programme visions should be formulated in music teacher education institutions through collective collegial efforts.
A New Model for Predicting Behavioral Intentions: An Alternative to Fishbein

The Fishbein intention model often produces weak and inconsistent predictions in marketing applications. Of equal concern, high multicollinearity between independent variables is typical. A new intention model was developed and tested. Results show high stability, reliability, and predictiveness across diverse test products, with very low intercorrelations between explanatory variables.
NBR1 acts as an autophagy receptor for peroxisomes

Summary Selective macro-autophagy is an intracellular process by which large cytoplasmic materials are selectively sequestered and degraded in the lysosomes. Substrate selection is mediated by ubiquitylation and recruitment of ubiquitin-binding autophagic receptors such as p62, NBR1, NDP52 and Optineurin. Although it has been shown that these receptors act cooperatively to target some types of substrates to nascent autophagosomes, their precise roles are not well understood. We examined selective autophagic degradation of peroxisomes (pexophagy), and found that NBR1 is necessary and sufficient for pexophagy. Mutagenesis studies of NBR1 showed that the amphipathic &agr;-helical J domain, the ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain, the LC3-interacting region and the coiled-coil domain are necessary to mediate pexophagy. Strikingly, substrate selectivity is partly achieved by NBR1 itself by coincident binding of the J and UBA domains to peroxisomes. Although p62 is not required when NBR1 is in excess, its binding to NBR1 increases the efficiency of NBR1-mediated pexophagy. Together, these results suggest that NBR1 is the specific autophagy receptor for pexophagy.
Spatial classification of glaucomatous visual field loss.

AIMS--To develop and describe an objective classification system for the spatial patterns of visual field loss found in glaucoma. METHODS--The 560 Humphrey visual field analyser (program 24-2) records were used to train an artificial neural network (ANN). The type of network used, a Kohonen self organising feature map (SOM), was configured to organise the visual field defects into 25 classes of superior visual field loss and 25 classes of inferior visual field loss. Each group of 25 classes was arranged in a 5 by 5 map. RESULTS--The SOM successfully classified the defects on the basis of the patterns of loss. The maps show a continuum of change as one moves across them with early loss at one corner and advanced loss at the opposite corner. CONCLUSIONS--ANNs can classify visual field data on the basis of the pattern of loss. Once trained the ANN can be used to classify longitudinal visual field data which may prove valuable in monitoring visual field loss.
Bacterial adherence and the glycocalyx and their role in musculoskeletal infection

Bacteria produce a virulence-related polysaccharide exocellular slime (the glycocalyx), which preferentially adheres to the surfaces of biomaterials and compromised tissues. This biofilm resists antibiotic penetration and provides a degree of protection from antibodies and macrophages. Similar adhesive cell-to-substrate phenomena have been noted in natural environments and in bacterial-animal cell disease states. The adherent glycocalyx is one of the fundamental reasons for increased susceptibility to infection in the presence of biomaterials and compromised tissues and a significant factor in the persistence of such infection until the removal of the prosthetic device.
Improved chunk-level reordering for statistical machine translation

Inspired by previous chunk-level reordering approaches to statistical machine translation, this paper presents two methods to improve the reordering at the chunk level. By introducing a new lattice weighting factor and by reordering the training source data, an improvement is reported on TER and BLEU. Compared to the previous chunklevel reordering approach, the BLEU score improves 1.4% absolutely. The translation results are reported on IWSLT Chinese-English task.
Clinical Investigation : Head and Neck Cancer Protons in Head-and-Neck Cancer : Bridging the Gap of Evidence

*Department of Health Services Research, School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; yDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, and zDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and xDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Empathy: A Social Psychological Approach

This multidimensional approach brings together cognitive, sociobiological and behavioural perspectives providing students with a thorough, vet balanced and well-synthesised presentation of contemporary empathy research. The author approaches the topic in two ways: 1. through empirical work which is examined in a variety of empathy-related areas, clearly recognising the theoretical context; 2. through an organisational model which puts the smaller pieces into one, more coherent whole.
α1A-Adrenergic Receptor-Directed Autoimmunity Induces Left Ventricular Damage and Diastolic Dysfunction in Rats

Background Agonistic autoantibodies to the α1-adrenergic receptor occur in nearly half of patients with refractory hypertension; however, their relevance is uncertain. Methods/Principal Findings We immunized Lewis rats with the second extracellular-loop peptides of the human α1A-adrenergic receptor and maintained them for one year. α1A-adrenergic antibodies (α1A-AR-AB) were monitored with a neonatal cardiomyocyte contraction assay by ELISA, and by ERK1/2 phosphorylation in human α1A-adrenergic receptor transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. The rats were followed with radiotelemetric blood pressure measurements and echocardiography. At 12 months, the left ventricles of immunized rats had greater wall thickness than control rats. The fractional shortening and dp/dtmax demonstrated preserved systolic function. A decreased E/A ratio in immunized rats indicated a diastolic dysfunction. Invasive hemodynamics revealed increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressures and decreased dp/dtmin. Mean diameter of cardiomyocytes showed hypertrophy in immunized rats. Long-term blood pressure values and heart rates were not different. Genes encoding sarcomeric proteins, collagens, extracellular matrix proteins, calcium regulating proteins, and proteins of energy metabolism in immunized rat hearts were upregulated, compared to controls. Furthermore, fibrosis was present in immunized hearts, but not in control hearts. A subset of immunized and control rats was infused with angiotensin (Ang) II. The stressor raised blood pressure to a greater degree and led to more cardiac fibrosis in immunized, than in control rats. Conclusions/Significance We show that α1A-AR-AB cause diastolic dysfunction independent of hypertension, and can increase the sensitivity to Ang II. We suggest that α1A-AR-AB could contribute to cardiovascular endorgan damage.
Flexible insulin dosing improves health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL): a time trade-off survey

Abstract Purpose: People with insulin-treated diabetes often face strict regimens with inflexible dose timing, frequent injections, and frequent self-measured blood glucose (SMBG) testing. The objective of this study was to estimate the health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) impact of these aspects using time trade-off (TTO) methods. Methods: HRQoL was examined via a TTO survey in the UK, Canada, and Sweden with separate analyses of 2465 respondents from the general population, 274 people with type 1 diabetes, and 417 people with type 2 diabetes. Respondents evaluated health states with diabetes, SMBG testing, and basal injections that were once-daily time flexible, once-daily at a fixed time, and twice-daily at a fixed time in a basal or basal–bolus regimen. Results: Time-flexible basal injections were associated with 0.016 and 0.013 higher utility vs a fixed time of injection for basal-only and basal–bolus regimens, respectively, as evaluated by the general population. The diabetes respondents confirmed the basal-only results with 0.015 higher utility, but the difference in utility was non-significant for basal–bolus. Once-daily injections had higher utility compared with twice-daily injections for basal (0.039 and 0.042) and basal–bolus (0.022 and 0.021) regimens, as evaluated by the general population and people with diabetes, respectively. Increased frequency of SMBG negatively affected health utility. Limitations: This study has the limitation that it measures hypothetical health states rather than the HRQoL of people with these health states; furthermore, it could be suggested that the web-based nature of this survey is biased towards literate respondents with internet access and IT competence. Conclusions: Flexible dosing and fewer injections have a positive HRQoL impact, which potentially may enhance therapy adherence and could contribute to improved long-term outcomes. The impact of flexibility is greater in people treated with basal-only insulin regimens, and diminishes if bolus injections are part of the treatment regimen.
Intraoperative Decisionmaking with MER for STN DBS in PD and the Potential Relationship to Patient Selection

Microelectrode recording (MER) techniques generally require experience and nuanced technical ability. In or- der for appropriate decisions in electrode placement to be made during DBS procedures, multiple variables need to be dif- ferentially weighed including patient-to-patient variability and differences encountered during each MER recording track. Moreover, most often the appropriate weightings of such variables are not well known. As such, MER for DBS is typical of a class of decision making exercises involving multiple variables of unknown weighting, common in surgical environ- ments where Class I evidence is often lacking. This study identifies 9 categories of information used by surgeon and neurophysiologists during DBS in the STN for Park- inson's Disease, quantifies their occurrence, PPV, and NPV in 274 MER tracks across 75 consecutive patients and ex- plores how they contribute to overall outcome in these patients. Although MER optimizes the ability to place the STN electrode accurately in these cases, it is not predictive in avoiding three categories of adverse outcome (gait and falling problems, worsened speech problems, or new psychiatric or cognitive problems). One conclusion as a result of this find- ing is the possibility that overall outcome, in terms of avoidance of unwanted side effects of DBS surgery, is unrelated to the decision making during surgery with MER, but is instead likely related to the ability to diagnose PD accurately at the outset. Keywrods: Intraoperative decisionmaking, MER, STN, Patient selection.
Global Europa: Mythology of the European Union in World Politics

The mythology of the European Union (EU) in world politics can be told and untold in many different ways. This article focuses on the lore or stories of who did what to whom, the ideological projection of the past onto the present and the escapist pleasure of storytelling in looking at the mythology of ‘global Europa’– the EU in the world. It concludes with a reflection on the way in which the many diverse myths of global Europa compete for daily attention, whether as lore, ideology or pleasure. In this respect the mythology of global Europa is part of our everyday existence, part of the EU in and of the world.
Rendimiento académico y correspondencias con indicadores de salud física y psicológica

Academic performance of the teenagers is influenced and determined by numerous factors. Life style and the conducts of health adopted in this period relate to the academic performance of direct form, in such a way that the teenagers with ways of life and more healthy conducts, can present a more adapted academic performance. Equally, to support correct indicators of psychological health relates to the academic adapted performance. The results obtained with a sample of 1210 teenagers of the Region of Murcia, with a normal age of 15.13 years it allows to value the importance of the indicators of health as determinants of the academic performance, for what they should develop programs directed to supporting positive levels of said