Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EUROGIN 2011 roadmap on prevention and treatment of HPV‐related disease

The EUROGIN 2011 roadmap reviews the current burden of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related morbidity, as well as the evidence and potential practice recommendations regarding primary and secondary prevention and treatment of cancers and other disease associated with HPV infection. HPV infection causes ∼600,000 cases of cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina, anus and oropharynx annually, as well as benign diseases such as genital warts and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Whereas the incidence of cervical cancer has been decreasing over recent decades, the incidence of anal and oropharyngeal carcinoma, for which there are no effective screening programs, has been rising over the last couple of decades. Randomized trials have demonstrated improved efficacy of HPV‐based compared to cytology‐based cervical cancer screening. Defining the best algorithms to triage HPV‐positive women, age ranges and screening intervals are priorities for pooled analyses and further research, whereas feasibility questions can be addressed through screening programs. HPV vaccination will reduce the burden of cervical precancer and probably also of invasive cervical and other HPV‐related disease in women. Recent trials demonstrated that prophylactic vaccination also protects against anogenital HPV infection, anogenital intraepithelial lesions and warts associated with vaccine types, in males; and anal HPV infection and anal intraepithelial neoplasia in MSM. HPV‐related oropharyngeal cancer could be treated less aggressively because of better survival compared to cancers of the oropharynx unrelated to HPV. Key findings in the field of cervical cancer prevention should now be translated in cost‐effective strategies, following an organized approach integrating primary and secondary prevention, according to scientific evidence but adapted to the local situation with particular attention to regions with the highest burden of disease.
Identification and characterization of int (integrase), xis (excisionase) and chromosomal attachment sites of the integrative and conjugative element ICEBs1 of Bacillus subtilis

ICEBs1 is an integrative and conjugative element (conjugative transposon) integrated into trnS‐leu2 in Bacillus subtilis. In response to DNA damage or high concentrations of potential mating partners, ICEBs1 can excise and transfer to various recipients, including other species. We found that excision of ICEBs1 occurs by site‐specific recombination within 60 bp direct repeats that mark the junctions between ICEBs1 and chromosomal DNA. Excision required two ICEBs1 genes, int (integrase, ydcL), predicted to encode a tyrosine recombinase similar to that of phage lambda, and xis (excisionase, sacV). Ectopic expression of xis was sufficient to induce excision of ICEBs1, indicating that regulation of xis transcription by DNA damage and peptide signalling normally controls excision. Int, but not Xis, was needed for site‐specific integration. We found that in the absence of the primary bacterial attachment site (attB) in trnS‐leu2, ICEBs1 integrated in secondary attachment sites that are similar to a 17 bp sequence in attB. In the absence of int, ICEBs1 could recombine into the chromosome by RecA‐dependent homologous recombination, provided ICEBs1 contained a region of sequence identity to a chromosomal locus.
Impact of implant–abutment connection and positioning of the machined collar/microgap on crestal bone level changes: a systematic review

Objectives To address the following focused question: What is the impact of implant–abutment configuration and the positioning of the machined collar/microgap on crestal bone level changes? Material and methods Electronic databases of the PubMed and the Web of Knowledge were searched for animal and human studies reporting on histological/radiological crestal bone level changes (CBL) at nonsubmerged one-/two-piece implants (placed in healed ridges) exhibiting different abutment configurations, positioning of the machined collar/microgap (between 1992 and November 2012: n = 318 titles). Quality assessment of selected full-text articles was performed according to the ARRIVE and CONSORT statement guidelines. Results A total of 13 publications (risk of bias: high) were eligible for the review. The weighted mean difference (WMD) (95% CI) between machined collars placed either above or below the bone crest amounted to 0.835 mm favoring an epicrestal positioning of the rough/smooth border (P < 0.001) (P-value for heterogeneity: 0.885, I2: 0.000% = no heterogeneity). WMD (95% CI) between microgaps placed either at or below the bone crest amounted to −0.479 mm favoring a subcrestal position of the implant neck (P < 0.001) (P-value for heterogeneity: 0.333, I2: 12.404% = low heterogeneity). Only two studies compared different implant–abutment configurations. Due to a high heterogeneity, a meta-analysis was not feasible. Conclusions While the positioning of the machined neck and microgap may limit crestal bone level changes at nonsubmerged implants, the impact of the implant–abutment connection lacks documentation.
Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 Expression in Sellar Tumors: A Histogenetic Marker?

Pituicytomas are rare low-grade gliomas of the neurohypophysis. Their morphology and variable immunophenotype have led to speculation that they arise from pituicytes. Given the role of thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) in the developing rodent infundibulum and its expression in the adult rat neurohypophysis, we speculated that TTF-1 would be a marker of human pituicytes. Using immunohistochemistry, we found that TTF-1 is strongly expressed in fetal and adult human pituicytes. A survey of sellar masses demonstrated specific TTF-1 expression in pituicytomas (n = 3), atypical pituicytomas (n = 2), and granular cell tumors (n = 4), indicating a common pituicyte lineage. TTF-1 expression in spindle cell oncocytomas (n = 8) is less easily explained but invites speculation. Our observations may have implications for the classification of these rare sellar neoplasms, all the while acknowledging the morphological diversity of pituicyte-related neoplasms.
Decreased production of mast cells in S1/S1d anemic mice.

Production of tissue mast cells was evaluated in genetically anemic mice of Si ISid genotype. In the skin of adult Si ISid mice the numbers of mast cells per centimeter were less than 1 % of the numbers observed in congenic + I + mice. as reported for adult WI WV mice. Any mast cells were scarcely detected in other tissues in both SiIS1d and WIWV mice. Since bone marrow cell transplantation from 51151d mice increases the numbers of mast cells in the skin. stomach. and mesentery of WI WV mice. the bone marrow of S1IS1d mice would seem to contain precursors of mast cells. These precursor cells may arrive at peripheral tissues. as is suggested by the observation that the numbers of mast cells increase in the skin of W/WV mice grafted to recipients. The lack of mast cells in the 51151d mice seems to be due to a tissue defect that locally induces the differentiation of mast cells. as isindicated by the observation that bone marrow transplantation from + I + donors does not increase the numbers of mast cells in the skin. stomach. and mesentery of 51151d mice and the observation that mast cells do not develop in skin of Si ,51d mice grafted to + I + recipients.
Accuracy of an Electronic Problem List from Primary Care Providers and Specialists

Accurate patient problem lists in Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are valuable tools for improving the quality of care, communication among professionals, facilitating research, quality measurement and the implementation of clinical decision support systems. However, problem lists are frequently inaccurate and out-of-date, and use varies widely across providers. These deficiencies limit problem list benefits. We decided to check if accuracy of problem lists-assessed at a granular level of detail-registered in EHRs depended on the specialty of the physician (primary care providers vs. specialists), and in the event that such differences did occur, whether or not accuracy had also been affected by the work environment. By using registered problems and taking the generated clinical document, we designed a cross-sectional survey following the guidelines of the Clinical Document Architecture standard. Problems registered by primary care providers have a higher level of accuracy than those registered by specialists in all settings considered (emergency unit, inpatient and outpatient). The work environment also significantly affects the accuracy level of problems registered.
Thinking : psychological perspectives on reasoning, judgment and decision making

List of Contributors. Introduction. Part I: Reasoning. Chapter 1: A Theory of Hypothetical Thinking (Jonathan St. B.T. Evans, David E. Over and Simon J. Handley). Chapter 2: Individual Differences in the Development of Reasoning Strategies (Maxwell J. Roberts and Elizabeth J. Newton). Chapter 3: Generalising Individual Differences and Strategies Across Different Deductive Reasoning Domains (Padraic Monaghan and Keith Stenning). Chapter 4: Superordinate Principles, Conditions and Conditionals (Neil Fairley and Ken Manktelow). Chapter 5: Premise Interpretation in Conditional Reasoning (Guy Politzer). Chapter 6: Probabilities and Pragmatics in Conditional Inference: Suppression and Order Effects (Mike Oaksford and Nick Chater). Part II: Judgment. Chapter 7: Verbal Expressions of Uncertainty and Probability (Karl Halvor Teigen and Wibecke Brun). Chapter 8: Possibilities and Probabilities (Paolo Legrenzi, Vittorio Girotto, Maria Sonino Legrenzi and Philip N. Johnson-Laird). Chapter 9: The Partitive Conditional Probability (Laura Macchi). Chapter 10: Naive and yet Enlightened: From Natural Frequencies to Fast and Frugal Decision Trees (Laura Martignon, Oliver Vitouch, Masanori Takezawa and Malcolm R. Forster). Chapter 11: More is not Always Better: The Benefits of Cognitive Limits (Ralph Hertwig and Peter M. Todd). Chapter 12: Correspondence and Coherence: Indicators of Good Judgment in World Politics (Philip E. Tetlock). Part III: Decision Making. Chapter 13: Cognitive Mapping of Causal Reasoning in Strategic Decision Making (A. John Maule, Gerard P. Hodgkinson and Nicola J. Bown). Chapter 14: Belief and Preference in Decision Under Uncertainty (Craig R. Fox and Kelly E. See). Chapter 15: Medical Decision Scripts: Combining Cognitive Scripts and Judgment Strategies to Account Fully for Medical Decision Making (Robert M. Hamm). Chapter 16: On the Assessment of Decision Quality: Considerations Regarding Utility, Conflict and Accountability (Gideon Keren and W andi Bruine de Bruin). Author Index. Subject Index.
Economic prediction using neural networks: the case of IBM daily stock returns

A report is presented of some results of an ongoing project using neural-network modeling and learning techniques to search for and decode nonlinear regularities in asset price movements. The author focuses on the case of IBM common stock daily returns. Having to deal with the salient features of economic data highlights the role to be played by statistical inference and requires modifications to standard learning techniques which may prove useful in other contexts. <<ETX>>
A Stabilization Model for E-Government Innovation

E-government innovations, which accompany both technological and administrative systems innovation, have often been driven more by technical fads than by social consensus. The structuration perspective on the adoption of technology has focused mainly on the organizational process, relatively ignoring the society-wide structuration that is more relevant to public organizations. In this paper, we focus on the structuration process of an e-government innovation, particularly the society-wide structuration through which enabled technical features are given meaning and legal institutionalization of use. Through the case, we found that an e-government system adopted for efficiency may suffer from the lack of an appropriate supporting legal structure, pushing the system into instability. We also found that the sophistication of an e-government system is based not only on its technological features but also on the evolution of social discourse. Finally, we discussed theoretical issues to further the knowledge of the structuration process of e-government innovations.
Peripheral blood neutrophil cytokine hyper-reactivity in chronic periodontitis

Pro-inflammatory cytokine release (IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β) by peripheral blood neutrophils, isolated from periodontitis patients (before/after therapy) and matched controls, was determined after 18 h culture in the presence/absence of Escherichia coli LPS, opsonised Staphylococcus aureus, heat-killed Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis. All cultures demonstrated differences in the amounts of each cytokine detected (P < 0.0001), with a clear release pattern (IL-8 > IL-6 > TNF-α = IL-1β). Median cytokine release from unstimulated patient neutrophils was consistently, but non-significantly, higher than from control cells. Stimulated cytokine release from untreated patient neutrophils was also consistently higher than from control cells. This hyper-reactivity was significant for all tested cytokines when data for all stimuli were combined (P < 0.016). In terms of individual stimuli, significant hyper-reactivity was detected with LPS (IL-8), F. nucleatum (IL-8, TNF-α), opsonised S. aureus (IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β) and P. gingivalis (IL-8, IL-1β). Cytokine production by patient neutrophils did not reduce following successful non-surgical periodontal therapy and, except for responses to F. nucleatum, the cytokine hyper-reactivity detected pre-therapy was retained. These data demonstrate that chronic periodontitis is characterised by neutrophils that constitutively exhibit cytokine hyper-reactivity, the effects of which could modulate local and systemic inflammatory-immune responses and influence the risk and severity of periodontitis-associated systemic inflammatory diseases.
The Impact of Visual Perspective and Anger on the Actor-Observer Bias Among Automobile Drivers

Objective. The present study was designed to examine the combined impact of the Actor-Observer Bias and driver anger on attributions of other drivers. Methods. Participants watched a simulated driving sequence in which a car swerved in front of a truck in near collision. Half viewed from the perspective of the offending motorist while the other half viewed from the perspective of a trailing motorist. Participants then rated the general riskiness of the offending motorist and the responsibility of the victim driver. Results. Findings support the visual perspective explanation of the Actor-Observer Bias in that attributions within a single event differed based on the random assignment of visual perspective. However, the nature of the attributions interacted with the level of anger experienced over the incident. Those viewing as a trailing motorist provided greater riskiness ratings for the offending motorist than did those viewing from the perspective of the offending motorist, but only when scoring/rating high on personal feelings of anger regarding the observed incident. Conclusion. The present study demonstrates that personal factors and common cognitive biases can influence how events in the traffic environment are perceived, and the subsequent judgments made of other drivers following negative events.
Generalization Gradients in Cued and Contextual Pain-Related Fear: An Experimental Study in Healthy Participants

Increasing evidence supports the notion that pain-related fear plays a key role in the transition from acute to chronic pain. Recent experimental data show that associative learning processes are involved in the acquisition of pain-related fear. An intriguing yet underinvestigated question entails how spreading of pain-related fear in chronic pain occurs. In a voluntary movement paradigm in which one arm movement (CS+) was followed by a painful stimulus and another was not (CS−) in the predictable group and painful stimuli were delivered during the intertrial interval (context alone) in the unpredictable group, we tested generalization of fear to six novel generalization movements (GSs) with varying levels of similarity between the original CS+ movement and CS− movement. Healthy participants (N = 58) were randomly assigned to the predictable or unpredictable group. Fear was measured via verbal ratings and eyeblink startle responses. Results indicated that cued pain-related fear spreads selectively to novel movements that are proprioceptively more similar to the CS+ than to those similar to the CS− in the predictable group, but not in the unpredictable group. This is the first study to demonstrate a generalization gradient of cued pain-related fear. However, this effect was only present in the startle eyeblink responses, but not in the verbal ratings. Taken together, this paradigm represents a novel tool to scrutinize the largely understudied phenomenon of the spreading of fear and avoidance in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and mapping possible pathological differences in generalization gradients and the spreading of pain in patients as compared with healthy controls.
Investigation of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children After Animal-Induced Injury in China

OBJECTIVE: Dogs are important members of many families in many countries. However, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children after animal attacks has always been underestimated, and a more-detailed study of PTSD in children after animal attacks is needed. METHODS: The charts and follow-up data for 358 children after animal-induced injuries were reviewed. Family Apgar Scale assessment and PTSD screening were performed at emergency department admission. On week 1 after the emergency department admission, the patient underwent evaluation for acute stress disorder (ASD) diagnosis, by using the Child Acute Stress Questionnaire. PTSD screening and interim history-taking were performed 3 months after the emergency department admission, by telephone or in face-to-face interviews, by using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for Children and Adolescents. P values of <. 05 were considered significant. RESULTS: A total of 19 patients developed PTSD, including 10 patients with severe injuries, 8 patients with moderate injuries, and 1 patient with a mild injury (χ2=48.104; P=.000). No significant differences in PTSD occurrence according to gender and age were observed. Family Apgar Scale scores were not significantly related to PTSD (P=.781). ASD and PTSD symptom severity scores were significantly associated (r=0.51; P < .005). CONCLUSIONS: Child victims of severe animal attacks should be considered at risk for the development of PTSD, family support was not correlated with posttraumatic stress symptoms in school-aged children after animal attacks, and ASD seems to be an early predictive indicator of PTSD.
Staff Development and School Change

The desultory status of staff development as education's neglected stepchild is changing. Until recently, there was little interest in the professional development of experienced teachers. Teacher-training institutions were preoccupied with preservice education and local school districts were struggling to accommodate burgeoning student enrollments and build new schools. But now issues related to staff development have moved to center stage. One reason for the new status of staff development is the recognition that many of the "Great Society" education reform efforts fell short primarily because planners seriously underestimated teacher-training needs. In retrospect, it was unrealistic to expect that classroom teachers could bring about significant change in the services provided to such special student groups as the disadvantaged and the bilingual without substantial in-service education. In the absence of such training, it is not surprising that the result of many reform efforts was, disappointingly, more of the same. An important lesson of the socalled "Decade of Reform" (1965-1975) is that even the "best" educational practice is unlikely to fulfill its promise in the hands of an inadequately trained or unmotivated teacher. We have learned that the problem of reform or change is more a function of people and organizations than of technology.
Depressive spectrum disorders in high-risk adolescents: episode duration and predictors of time to recovery.

OBJECTIVE Durations of first episodes of major depression, dysthymia, adjustment disorders with depressed mood or with mixed emotional features, and minor depressions were examined in a community high-risk adolescent sample. Factors associated with longer recovery times were examined for each disorder. METHOD Semistructured diagnostic interviews were conducted annually (6th through 12th grade) to assess children's current and lifetime history of psychopathology. Cox regressions were used to explore factors associated with longer time to recovery. RESULTS Episode durations were consistent with prior community studies and generally shorter than those reported in clinical samples. A greater number of maternal depressive episodes predicted a more prolonged time to recovery from major depression, and greater adolescent impairment was associated with longer episode duration of both major and minor depression. CONCLUSIONS Treatment and prevention efforts should be directed toward offspring of parents with recurrent mood disorders, particularly adolescents with minor as well as major depression. The authors also recommend that the median rather than the mean be used to evaluate the duration of depressive disorders.
Constructing the concept of 'culture' in a Mexican university language department: the struggles of a small group of English teachers and students

This thesis is an investigation of how a group of foreign and local English language teachers and students at the Language Department of the University of Guanajuato, Mexico construct ‘culture’. Through an ethnographic approach, with the use of interviews and classroom observations as the means for gathering data, the stories of eight teachers and twenty four students were explored, in order to unravel their constructions of ‘culture’. Given the abstract nature of the concept ‘culture’, critical incidents from my personal and professional experience were used to spark the participants into sharing their stories. It was through the telling of these stories that the thoughts, ideas and feelings of the participants regarding the Self and the Other were revealed. The construction of ‘culture’ was found to be a complex process in which teachers and students struggle in negotiating diverse sources of knowledge—from the personal (parents and upbringing), to professional and/or public discourses. The processes of relativization, recognition and transformation, as understood in the cosmopolitan tradition, were adopted to explore individuals’ capabilities in constructing ‘culture’. When constructing people and ‘cultures’, individuals are seen to traverse personal and professional trajectories, making the ability to relativize worldviews a challenge. Thus, the cosmopolitan imagination, which foresees Self and societal transformation, is seen to aid the individual in effecting the relativization of worldviews, so that recognition from the perspective of the Other and transformation are made possible. Constructing ‘culture’ was found to be a non-linear process, sometimes smooth and sometimes a struggle. Indeed, this thesis proposes that there are many intersecting factors in the construction of ‘culture’: the concepts which are invoked, the processes involved, and the abilities utilized when deliberating over ‘culture’. The individual is seen to draw upon all of these resources according to the specific contextual factors of the intercultural event.