Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A User-centric Approach towards Understanding the Influences of Social Tags Choices for Academic Papers

This paper explores the influences of creating social tags for academic papers by novice users over time. This study distinguishes itself from related studies by examining users' perspectives through three factors - document, social and personal factors. In the study, which was conducted in two time periods, diaries and interviews were employed to elicit the subjects' influences of tags choices. During the two time periods, subjects were asked to collect and tag academic papers. They were requested to fill in their diaries after assigning tags to the papers. Subjects were also interviewed to gain more insights. The outcome from both diaries and interviews were then triangulated, where the themes related to the factors emerged. Themes that emerged include documents usage, document attributes, social ties, opinion expression and organizing strategies. Results showed that the tags assigned by the subjects were influenced by all the factors. The influence from documents usage, document attributes and organizing strategies tended to play a more dominant role than social ties and opinion expression. Also, there did not seem to be any change in the levels of influence between the two time periods. Implications of our findings are discussed.
Pine Woodchip Biochar Impact on Soil Nutrient Concentrations and Corn Yield in a Silt Loam in the Mid-Southern U.S.

Biochar has altered plant yields and soil nutrient availability in tropical soils, but less research exists involving biochar additions to temperate cropping systems. Of the existing research, results vary based on soil texture, crop grown, and biochar properties. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of pine ( Pinus spp.) woodchip biochar at 0, 5, and 10 Mg·ha −1 rates combined with urea nitrogen (N) on soil chemical properties and corn ( Zea mays L.) yield under field conditions in the first growing season after biochar addition in a silt-loam alluvial soil. Biochar combined with fertilizer numerically increased corn yields, while biochar alone numerically decreased corn yields, compared to a non-amended control. Corn nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUE) was greater with 10 Mg·ha −1 biochar compared to no biochar. There were limited biochar effects on soil nutrients, but biochar decreased nitrate, total dissolved N, and Mehlich-3 extractable sulfur and manganese concentrations in the top 10 cm. Pine woodchip biochar combined with N fertilizer has the potential to improve corn production when grown in silt-loam soil in the mid-southern U.S. by improving NUE and increasing yield. Further research will be important to determine impacts as biochar ages in the soil.
The role of chromosomal instability in tumor initiation

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a defining characteristic of most human cancers. Mutation of CIN genes increases the probability that whole chromosomes or large fractions of chromosomes are gained or lost during cell division. The consequence of CIN is an imbalance in the number of chromosomes per cell (aneuploidy) and an enhanced rate of loss of heterozygosity. A major question of cancer genetics is to what extent CIN, or any genetic instability, is an early event and consequently a driving force for tumor progression. In this article, we develop a mathematical framework for studying the effect of CIN on the somatic evolution of cancer. Specifically, we calculate the conditions for CIN to initiate the process of colorectal tumorigenesis before the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes.
A review on green supply chain aspects and practices

Abstract The field of green supply chain is expanding rapidly, and new authors are venturing in this field to conduct further research. Although some literature reviews have beeen conducted over time, a complete list of green supply chain practices is not available. Hence, the objective of this study is to present an up-to-date list of green supply chain practices. To achieve this, the study employed structured review process, as well as critically examined the contents to ensure that the data are filtered from high-quality peer-reviewed journals and from influential authors in this field. 91 high-quality papers were selected from top ten journals in GSCM area to produce the list. A total of 58 green supply chain practices comprising 15 aspects were featured, e.g. reverse logistics, industrial symbiosis, green information technology, green design, carbon management etc. This paper contributes to the existing literature by providing a comprehensive list of aspects and practices of the green supply chain. Finally, limitations and directions for future studies are provided in the conclusion section.
Beyond expectations in music performance modules in higher education: rethinking instrumental and vocal music pedagogy for the twenty-first century

ABSTRACT Music performance in the higher educational context is shaped by a reciprocal chain of interactions between students, part-time tutors and full-time teaching staff, each with specific expectations about the teaching and learning process. Such expectations can provide valuable insights not only for designing and implementing meaningful educational strategies but also for defining higher education (HE) institutions’ specific mission, inside and outside departmental boundaries. Drawing on an empirical investigation about the dynamics of the expectations of the above stakeholders regarding the integration of instrumental/vocal tuition into the HE learning environment, this article discusses the need for developing teaching excellence in instrumental and vocal tuition across the UK, arguing that HE environments have a crucial role to play in such process.
Demographic and Spatial Factors as Causes of an Epidemic Spread, the Copule Approach: Application to the Retro-prediction of the Black Death Epidemy of 1346

The classical models by Ross and McKendrick have to be revisited in order to incorporate dynamical elements coming from the demography and from the spatial aspects of epidemics. The classical approach is dealing with populations supposed to be constant during the epidemic wave, but the present pandemics show duration during years imposing now to take into account the population growth as well as the transient or permanent migrations of hosts susceptible or infected, and of vectors and infectious agents. Two examples are studied, concerning malaria in Mali and plague at the middle-age.
Implications of Proximity Effects for Analog Design

This paper addresses two significant proximity effects, well proximity and STI stress, as they relate to analog circuit design. Device performance is impacted by layout features located near, but not part of the device. This adds new complexities to analog design. In either case, bias points can shift by 20-30%, causing potentially catastrophic failures in circuits. We show, for the first time, that a MOSFET placed close to a well-edge creates a graded channel
2D Colloidal Crystals Based SERS Sensors for NH3 Detection

This work demonstrates Au Nanoparticles (NPs) decorated onto partial embedded PS 2D colloidal crystals embedded in the flexible PDMS matrix by RF-sputtering technique for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) NH3 sensor. The surface morphology and optical properties of Au NPs decorated over 2D PS colloidal crystals (CC) on flexible substrate is investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-visible spectroscopy. The sensitivity of the Au NPs/ 2D CC/PDMS system for NH3 detection is investigated by the SERS techniques. A significant increase in the SERS intensity is observed as a function of NH3 concentration from 100 to 1000 ppm for the synthesized sensors system. The noticeable change in the SERS intensity with the exposure of the NH3 gas is attributed to the change in the electric near-field due to the Au NPs aggregation or distance as well as change in the dielectric of the surrounding medium. The SERS intensity exhibit a dependence on the change in refractive index/dielectric constant by NH3 gas molecules, and are linked to coupling effects between surface plasmon resonance (SPR) on the corrugated Au NPs islands and the hot spot formed by 2D PS CC assembly. The proposed Au NPs/ 2D CC/PDMS sensor system is capable for single molecule detection of gaseous precursors.
Therapeutic Potential of Ginsenosides as an Adjuvant Treatment for Diabetes

Ginseng, one of the oldest traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, has been used widely in China and Asia for thousands of years. Ginsenosides extracted from ginseng, which is derived from the roots and rhizomes of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, have been used in China as an adjuvant in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Owing to the technical complexity of ginsenoside production, the total ginsenosides are generally extracted. Accumulating evidence has shown that ginsenosides exert antidiabetic effects. In vivo and in vitro tests revealed the potential of ginsenoside Rg1, Rg3, Rg5, Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, compound K, Rk1, Re, ginseng total saponins, malonyl ginsenosides, Rd, Rh2, F2, protopanaxadiol (PPD) and protopanaxatriol (PPT)-type saponins to treat diabetes and its complications, including type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic cognitive dysfunction, type 2 diabetes mellitus with fatty liver disease, diabetic cerebral infarction, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and diabetic erectile dysfunction. Many effects are attributed to ginsenosides, including gluconeogenesis reduction, improvement of insulin resistance, glucose transport, insulinotropic action, islet cell protection, hepatoprotective activity, anti-inflammatory effect, myocardial protection, lipid regulation, improvement of glucose tolerance, antioxidation, improvement of erectile dysfunction, regulation of gut flora metabolism, neuroprotection, anti-angiopathy, anti-neurotoxic effects, immunosuppression, and renoprotection effect. The molecular targets of these effects mainly contains GLUTs, SGLT1, GLP-1, FoxO1, TNF-α, IL-6, caspase-3, bcl-2, MDA, SOD, STAT5-PPAR gamma pathway, PI3K/Akt pathway, AMPK-JNK pathway, NF-κB pathway, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Rg1, Rg3, Rb1, and compound K demonstrated the most promising therapeutic prospects as potential adjuvant medicines for the treatment of diabetes. This paper highlights the underlying pharmacological mechanisms of the anti-diabetic effects of ginsenosides.
Tensor Analyzers

Factor Analysis is a statistical method that seeks to explain linear variations in data by using unobserved latent variables. Due to its additive nature, it is not suitable for modeling data that is generated by multiple groups of latent factors which interact multiplicatively. In this paper, we introduce Tensor Analyzers which are a multilinear generalization of Factor Analyzers. We describe an efficient way of sampling from the posterior distribution over factor values and we demonstrate that these samples can be used in the EM algorithm for learning interesting mixture models of natural image patches. Tensor Analyzers can also accurately recognize a face under significant pose and illumination variations when given only one previous image of that face. We also show that Tensor Analyzers can be trained in an unsupervised, semi-supervised, or fully supervised settings.
Unexpectedly High Beta-Diversity of Root-Associated Fungal Communities in the Bolivian Andes

Bolivia is one of the most biologically diverse countries on the planet. Between the Andes and the Amazon drainage basin spans the Yungas, a vast forested region shown to be extremely species rich in macro-organisms. However, it remains unclear whether this high diversity is also reflected in microbial diversity. Here we assess the genetic, taxonomic and functional diversity of root-associated fungi surrounding Cinchona calisaya trees, a typical element of the intermediate altitudes of the Bolivian Yungas. We determine the relative effects of edaphic properties, climate, and geography in regulating fungal community assembly. We show that α-diversity for these fungal communities was similar to temperate and arid ecosystems, averaging 90.1 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) per sample, with reads predominantly assigned to the Ascomycota phylum and with a saprotrophic lifestyle. ß-diversity was calculated as the distance-decay rate, and in contrast to α-diversity, was exceptionally high with a rate of −0.407. Soil properties (pH and P) principally regulated fungal community assembly in an analogous manner to temperate environments, with pH and phosphorus explaining 7.8 and 7.2% of community variation respectively. Surprisingly, altitude does not influence community formation, and there is limited evidence that climate (precipitation and temperature) play a role. Our results suggest that sampling should be performed over a wide geographical and environmental range in order to capture the full root-associated fungal diversity in subtropical regions. This study sheds further light on the diversity and distribution of the world's “hidden biodiversity. ”
N T ] 4 M ay 2 00 4 Almost All Palindromes Are Composite ∗

We study the distribution of palindromic numbers (with respect to a fixed base g ≥ 2) over certain congruence classes, and we derive a nontrivial upper bound for the number of prime palindromes n ≤ x as x → ∞. Our results show that almost all palindromes in a given base are composite.
Quantifying the Ripple: Word-of-Mouth and Advertising Effectiveness

ABSTRACT In this article the authors demonstrate how a customer lifetime value approach can provide a better assessment of advertising effectiveness that takes into account postpurchase behaviors such as word-of-mouth. Although for many advertisers word-of-mouth is viewed as an alternative to advertising, the authors show that it is possible to quantify the way in which word-of-mouth often complements and extends the effects of advertising. The authors provide a simple approach to the measurement of postpurchase word-of-mouth sales effects and demonstrate how firms may be underestimating advertising effectiveness by ignoring such effects. Their approach illustrates how customer lifetime value models can provide an important tool to assess the long-term effects of advertising campaigns.
The Ultrastructure of Bovine Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumours

Bovine peripheral nerve sheath tumours from 30 cattle were similar ultrastructurally to human schwannomas and neurofibromas. Bovine neurofibromatous tissue had large amounts of extracellular material, primarily collagen and electron lucent granular material. The principal cells had basal laminae and a disorganized proliferation of the plasmalemma. Axons were consistently seen and were surrounded by the plasmalemma of principal cells. The principal cells seemed to be Schwann cells or variants of them. Bovine schwannomas had areas similar to Antoni type A tissue with sparse extracellular material, few, if any, axons, and an apparent organized layering of cytoplasmic processes clad in a basal lamina. Cell nuclei often formed palisades. The principal cells in bovine schwannomas might be derived either from Schwann cells or perineurial cells. Bovine schwannomas appeared together with bovine neurofibromatous tissue in affected nerves.
The effect of task-technology fit on purchase intention: The moderating role of perceived risks

Electronic commerce to date has experienced rapid growth, and online purchases have become very popular among online consumers. To successfully attract online consumers and benefit from doing so, e-tail product providers should learn about consumers’ purchase intention, its antecedents, and moderators. This study proposes a research model of purchase intention using perceived performance risk and perceived privacy risk as moderators based on a perspective of task-technology fit. In the proposed model, purchase intention is positively influenced by three antecedents: task-technology fit, perceived navigation, and perceived reputation. Each model path is moderated by perceived performance risk and perceived privacy risk, respectively. Empirically testing using a survey of 749 registered members (consumers) from the database of Taiwan’s largest e-learning commercial website confirms that task-technology fit, perceived navigation, and perceived reputation positively influence purchase intention. The relationship between task-technology fit, perceived navigation and purchase intention are significantly moderated by the perceived performance risk and perceived privacy risk. Finally, managerial implications and limitations of our findings are discussed.
A unified semantics for number marking , numerals , and nominal structure

This paper develops a semantic account of morphological num ber in the presence of numerals. In addition to accounting for number on basic noun s likebookin English, our approach extends to cover data from two seemingly disparate domains: 1) number marking on measure terms like kilo, which is determined by the numeral co-occurring with these t rms: one kilo of apples vs. two kilos of apples ; and 2) cross-linguistic variation in patterns of number ma king: numerals greater than one obligatorily combining with plural-marke d nouns (e.g., English), all numerals obligatorily combining with singular (unmarked) nouns (e. g., Turkish, Hungarian), and numerals optionally combining with either singular or plural nouns ( e.g., Western Armenian). Building off the presuppositional approach to morphological number in S auerland (2003), we show that all of the data considered receive an account once we assume variat ion in he selection of the measure relevant to the one-ness presupposition of the morphologic al s ngular form.
Depletion of Shine-Dalgarno Sequences Within Bacterial Coding Regions Is Expression Dependent

Efficient and accurate protein synthesis is crucial for organismal survival in competitive environments. Translation efficiency (the number of proteins translated from a single mRNA in a given time period) is the combined result of differential translation initiation, elongation, and termination rates. Previous research identified the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence as a modulator of translation initiation in bacterial genes, while codon usage biases are frequently implicated as a primary determinant of elongation rate variation. Recent studies have suggested that SD sequences within coding sequences may negatively affect translation elongation speed, but this claim remains controversial. Here, we present a metric to quantify the prevalence of SD sequences in coding regions. We analyze hundreds of bacterial genomes and find that the coding sequences of highly expressed genes systematically contain fewer SD sequences than expected, yielding a robust correlation between the normalized occurrence of SD sites and protein abundances across a range of bacterial taxa. We further show that depletion of SD sequences within ribosomal protein genes is correlated with organismal growth rates, supporting the hypothesis of strong selection against the presence of these sequences in coding regions and suggesting their association with translation efficiency in bacteria.
An Experiment with Ultimatum Bargaining in a Changing Environment

We present experimental results on the ultimatum bargaining game which support an evolutionary explanation of subjects' behaviour in the game. In these experiments subjects interacted with each other and also with virtual players, i.e. computer programs with pre-specified strategies. Some of these virtual players were designed to play the equitable allocation, while others exhibited behaviour closer to the subgame-perfect equilibrium, in which the proposer's share is much larger than that of the responder. We have observed significant differences in the behaviour of real subjects depending on the type of 'mutants' (virtual players) that were present in their environment.
Cloud Atlas: Rotational Modulations in the L/T Transition Brown Dwarf Companion HN Peg B

Time-resolved observations of brown dwarfs’ rotational modulations provide powerful insights into the properties of condensate clouds in ultra-cool atmospheres. Multi-wavelength light curves reveal cloud vertical structures, condensate particle sizes, and cloud morphology, which directly constrain condensate cloud and atmospheric circulation models. We report results from Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3 near-infrared G141 taken in six consecutive orbits observations of HN Peg B, an L/T transition brown dwarf companion to a G0V type star. The best-fit sine wave to the 1.1–1.7 μm broadband light curve has an amplitude of 1.206% ± 0.025% and period of 15.4 ± 0.5 hr. The modulation amplitude has no detectable wavelength dependence except in the 1.4 μm water absorption band, indicating that the characteristic condensate particle sizes are large (>1 μm). We detect significantly (4.4σ) lower modulation amplitude in the 1.4 μm water absorption band and find that HN Peg B’s spectral modulation resembles those of early T type brown dwarfs. We also describe a new empirical interpolation method to remove spectral contamination from the bright host star. This method may be applied in other high-contrast time-resolved observations with WFC3.
Expression of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein in Mice Promotes Macrophage Reverse Cholesterol Transport

Background— Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) transfers cholesteryl esters from high-density lipoproteins to apolipoprotein (apo) B–containing lipoproteins and in humans plays an important role in lipoprotein metabolism. However, the role that CETP plays in mediation of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) remains unclear. We used a validated in vivo assay of macrophage RCT to test the effect of CETP expression in mice (which naturally lack CETP) on macrophage RCT, including in mice that lack the low-density lipoprotein receptor or the scavenger receptor class B, type I. Method and Results— A vector based on adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (AAV8) with a liver-specific thyroglobulin promoter was used to stably express human CETP in livers of mice and was compared with an AAV8-lacZ control vector. The RCT assay was performed 4 weeks after vector injection and involved the intraperitoneal injection of acetylated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol–loaded and 3H-cholesterol–labeled J774 macrophages in mice with plasma sampling at several time points, liver and bile sampling at 48 hours, and continuous fecal collection to measure 3H-sterol as an integrated readout of macrophage RCT. In apobec-1–null mice, CETP expression reduced plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels but significantly increased fecal 3H-sterol excretion. In low-density lipoprotein receptor/apobec-1 double-null mice, CETP expression reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and had no effect on fecal 3H-sterol excretion. Finally, in scavenger receptor class B, type I–null mice, CETP expression reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and significantly increased fecal 3H-sterol excretion. Conclusion— The present results demonstrate that CETP expression promotes macrophage RCT in mice, that this effect is dependent on the low-density lipoprotein receptor, and that CETP expression restores to normal the impaired RCT in mice deficient in scavenger receptor class B, type I.
Alkyl Polyglycosides-Properties and Applications of a new Class of Surfactants.

A new generation of nonionic surfactants that are widely applicable and simultaneously ecologically compatible has been developed in the alkyl polyglycosides. Their production from the renewable resources glucose and fatty alcohol and their ultimate biodegradation into carbon dioxide, water, and assimilated bacterial biomass is an example for a closed cycle. As a result of their physico-chemical properties and ecotoxicological evaluation, they have become very important as high-performance components of detergents and cosmetic preparations.