Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduced Expression of DNA Topoisomerase I in SF295 Human Glioblastoma Cells Selected for Resistance to Homocamptothecin and Diflomotecan

Homocamptothecins (hCPTs) are a novel class of topoisomerase I (Top1) inhibitors with enhanced chemical stability compared with the currently used camptothecin (CPT) analogs irinotecan and topotecan. The hCPT derivative diflomotecan (BN80915) is currently in clinical trials. We established two resistant human glioblastoma cell lines, SF295/hCPT50 and SF295/BN50, by stepwise exposure of the parental SF295 line to increasing concentrations of hCPT and BN80915, respectively. The two resistant cell lines were 15- to 22-fold resistant to hCPT and BN80915 as well as 7- to 27-fold cross-resistant to other Top1 inhibitors, including CPT, topotecan, and the indenoisoquinolines MJ-III-65 (NSC 706744) and NSC 724998, but sensitive to the topoisomerase II inhibitors mitoxantrone and etoposide. Neither of the resistant cell lines displayed any detectable expression of the three major drug transporters P-glycoprotien, multidrug resistance-associated protein 1, or ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G (WHITE), member 2, as assessed by immunoblot or flow cytometry. Reduced expression of Top1 protein occurred at the transcriptional level in both of the resistant cell lines, consistent with the reduction of Top1 enzyme level as the major contribution to the resistance phenotype in SF295/hCPT50 and SF295/BN50 cells. Treatment of the resistant cell lines with the histone deacetylase inhibitor depsipeptide or the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine alone or concomitantly did not result in re-expression of Top1. Our studies suggest that selection for resistance to hCPT or BN80915 is primarily related to reduced Top1 expression at the transcriptional level, resulting in reduced enzyme levels.
LIGNOCELLULOSES, SACCHARIDES AND BIO-ETHANOL YIELDS IN FUNGAL DI-CULTURE TREATED RICE HUSK

Pure monoculture strains of Aspergillus fumigates (AF), Aspergillus niger (AN), Aspergillus oryzae (AO), Trichophyton mentagrophyte (TM), Trichophyton rubrum (TR) and Trichophyton Sudanese (TS) were isolated from decomposing rice husk and di-culture combination in equal proportion used for treatment of fresh heat treated rice husk. Freshly processed rice husk in Mantle’s medium, were heat pre-treated using an autoclave at 121oC for 20 minutes. The isolated fungi di-culture combinations were inoculated into each of the pre-heated rice husk with the exception of two controls (heated rice husk C1 and untreated rice husk C2). Seven days rice husk fungal di-culture hydrolysis was followed by estimation of saccharine, lignocelluloses and bio-ethanol yields. Fungal did-culture treated rice husks were left to ferment for 7 days with introduction of both bakers’ and palm wine yeast. The result (in percent ± standard error of the mean) obtained in the work gave the highest carbohydrate (20.53 ± 1.39 %) from rice husks treated with TS + TR did-culture. Other highest values obtained were as follows: soluble reducing sugar percentage yield (2.54 ± 0.37 %) was obtained from AF + AN as well as AO + TR; soluble non reducing sugar (18.08 ± 1.10 %) was from TS + TR; total lignin percentage yield of 26.00 ± 2.06 % was from rice husk treated with AN+TR; cellulose yield of 66.00±0.96 and hemicelluloses yield of 32.50±1.78% were obtained from AN+TS and AO+TR fungal did-culture treated rice husks respectively. The introduction of yeasts from palm wine gave the highest bio-ethanol yield (14.18 ± 0.13 %) from TM + TR treated rice husk broth, while 6.56 ± 0.26 % of bio-ethanol was from AO + TS treated rice husk fermented with baker's yeast. The selective treatment of rice husk with the fungal did-cultures illustrated to give the highest yield in each of the components carried out in this study will be ideal for the optimal production of the parameters studied from rice husk. Article DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.20319/mijst.2016. 21.2131 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.
Kernel-level ARINC 653 partitioning for Linux

The Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) architecture has been suggested for the next-generation avionics systems. ARINC 653 is the standard for application programming interfaces (APIs) of avionics software for IMA architecture. There are several researches on design and implementation of ARINC 653 but legacy operating systems have not been considered much for a base operating system of ARINC 653. Though the legacy operating systems may not be initially developed for avionics systems, some of them including Linux recently show high potential of providing software platform for avionics systems. In this paper, we suggest a kernel-level design to support partitioning and hierarchical real-time scheduling of ARINC 653 for Linux. We believe that our suggestion can provide a very valuable reference for extending an existing operating system for ARINC 653 especially due to the complexity of the Linux kernel. We show that the overhead and jitter of the proposed design is significantly low compared with a user-level design.
Evaluation of cerebral infarction with iodine 123-iomazenil SPECT.

UNLABELLED This study evaluates ischemic damage to central benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor binding in the brain with [123]iomazenil SPECT in relation to CT hypodense lesions and blood flow abnormalities. METHODS Nine patients with middle cerebral artery territory infarction were studied. Iomazenil images obtained 180 min postinjection were analyzed for BZD receptor binding. The cortical infraction, visualized as CT hypodense area on CT, the peri-infarct area, visualized as normodensity surrounding the infarction on CT, the intrahemispheric remote area and the cerebellum were analyzed by taking the ratio of the lesion to contralateral mirror region (L/C ratio). CT during the chronic stage and perfusion images obtained during the smallest time difference between the two studies were used for comparative analysis. RESULTS The mean L/C ratio of iomazenil uptake was 0.53 +/_ 0.08, 0.79 +/- 0.07, 0.98 +/- 0.03 and 1.00 +/- 0.04 in the infarct, peri-infarct and remote areas and the cerebellum, respectively. The infarct and peri-infarct areas showed significant decrease compared with unity. The corresponding mean L/C ratio for blood flow was 0.52 +/- 0.08, 0.73 +/- 0.07, 0.83 +/- 0.09, and 0.80 +/- 0.07, respectively. In all areas, the ratios were significantly decreased compared with unity. There was significant difference between the L/C ratio for blood flow and iomazenil in the remote area and the cerebellum. CONCLUSION Iodine-123-iomazenil SPECT imaging may provide new information on ischemic damage to the brain, particularly neurons.
Uniform Random Generation of Decomposable Structures Using Floating-point Arithmetic N ˚ 3242 Uniform Random Generation of Decomposable Structures Using Floating-point Arithmetic Uniform Random Generation of Decomposable Structures Using Floating-point Arithmetic 3

The recursive method formalized by Nijenhuis and Wilf 15] and systematized by Flajolet, Van Cutsem and Zimmermann 8], is extended here to oating-point arithmetic. The resulting ADZ method enables one to generate decomposable data structures | both labelled or unlabelled | uniformly at random, in expected O(n 1+) time and space, after a preprocessing phase of O(n 2+) time, which reduces to O(n 1+) for context-free grammars. G en eration al eatoire uniforme de structures d ecomposables en arithm etique ottante R esum e : La m ethode r ecursive mise au point par Nijenhuis et Wilf 15] et syst ematis ee par Flajolet, Van Cutsem et Zimmermann 8], est ici etendue a l'utilisation de nombres ottants. La m ethode qui en d ecoule, appel ee ADZ, permet de g en erer al eatoirement et uniform ement des structures d ecomposables | etiquet ees ou non | en temps et espace moyens O(n 1+), apr es un pr ecalcul de complexit e en temps O(n 2+), se r eduisant a O(n 1+) pour des grammaires alg ebriques.
1 Sleep duration and life satisfaction

Sleep is an important part of life, with an individual spending an estimated 32 years of her life asleep. Despite this importance, little is known about life satisfaction and sleep duration. Using German panel data, it is shown that sleep is an important factor for life satisfaction and that maximal life satisfaction is associated with about eight hours of sleep on a typical weekday. This figure represents, on average, an hour more than people currently sleep suggesting that more sleep would lead to a higher reported satisfaction with life.
Market Orientation, Innovativeness, and Performance of Food Companies

Food processors have seen escalating levels of competition over the past three decades. An underlying objective of this research is to gain a greater understanding of how food companies thrive in the face of this increased competition. This study incorporates market orientation theory (competitor orientation, customer orientation, and interfunctional coordination) and firm innovativeness to explain differences in firm financial performance. A national survey of food processors was conducted and structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses. The results show that the more successful firms are more internally focused (interfunctional coordination and innovativeness) than externally focused (competitor and customer orientation).
Manganese acquisition and homeostasis at the host-pathogen interface

Pathogenic bacteria acquire transition metals for cell viability and persistence of infection in competition with host nutritional defenses. The human host employs a variety of mechanisms to stress the invading pathogen with both cytotoxic metal ions and oxidative and nitrosative insults while withholding essential transition metals from the bacterium. For example, the S100 family protein calprotectin (CP) found in neutrophils is a calcium-activated chelator of extracellular Mn and Zn and is found in tissue abscesses at sites of infection by Staphylococcus aureus. In an adaptive response, bacteria have evolved systems to acquire the metals in the face of this competition while effluxing excess or toxic metals to maintain a bioavailability of transition metals that is consistent with a particular inorganic “fingerprint” under the prevailing conditions. This review highlights recent biological, chemical and structural studies focused on manganese (Mn) acquisition and homeostasis and connects this process to oxidative stress resistance and iron (Fe) availability that operates at the human host-pathogen interface.
Activation by Ca2+/calmodulin of an exogenous myosin light chain kinase in mouse arteries

Activation of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and other kinases was studied in the arteries of transgenic mice that express an optical fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) MLCK activity biosensor. Binding of Ca2+/calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM) induces an increase in MLCK activity and a change in FRET. After exposure to high external [K+], intracellular [Ca2+] (fura‐2 ratio or fluo‐4 fluorescence) and MLCK activity both increased rapidly to an initial peak and then declined, rapidly at first and then very slowly. After an initial peak (‘phasic’) force was constant or increased slowly (termed ‘tonic’ force). Inhibition of rho‐kinase (Y‐27632) decreased tonic force more than phasic, but had little effect on [Ca2+] and MLCK activation. Inhibition of PKCα and PKCβ with Gö6976 had no effect. KN‐93, an inhibitor of CaMK II, markedly reduced force, MLCK FRET and [Ca2+]. Applied during tonic force, forskolin caused a rapid decrease in MLCK FRET ratio and force, but no change in Ca2+, suggesting a cAMP mediated decrease in affinity of MLCK for Ca2+/CaM. However, receptor (β‐adrenergic) activated increases in cAMP during KCl were ineffective in causing relaxation, changes in [Ca2+], or MLCK FRET. At the same tonic force, MLCK FRET ratio activated by α1‐adrenoceptors was ∼60% of that activated by KCl. In conclusion, MLCK activity of arterial smooth muscle during KCl‐induced contraction is determined primarily by Ca2+/CaM. Rho‐kinase is activated, by unknown mechanisms, and increases ‘Ca2+ sensitivity’ significantly. Forskolin mediated increases in cAMP, but not receptor mediated increases in cAMP cause a rapid decrease in the affinity of MLCK for Ca2+/CaM.
IA^3: An Interference Aware Allocation Algorithm for Multicore Hard Real-Time Systems

In multicore processors, the execution environment is defined as the environment in which tasks run and it is determined by the hardware resources they get and the workload with which they are executed. Thus, different execution environments lead to different inter-task interferences accessing shared hardware resources due to conflicts with the other corunning tasks, making the WCET estimation of a task dependent on the execution environment in which it runs. Despite such dependency, current partitioned scheduling approaches use a single WCET estimation per task: typically the highest for all execution environments in which a task runs. In this paper we introduce IA3: an interference-aware allocation algorithm that considers not a single WCET estimation but a set of WCET estimations per task. IA3 is based on two novel concepts: the WCET-matrix and the WCET-sensitivity. The former associates every WCET estimation with its corresponding execution environment. The latter measures the impact of changing the execution environment on the WCET estimation. This allows IA3 to reduce the number of resources required to schedule a given taskset. In particular, our results show that in a four-core processor considering tasksets with a total utilization of 2.9, IA3 is able to schedule 70% of the tasksets using 3-cores while a classical partitioned approach with a First-Fit Decreasing heuristic is able to schedule only 5% of the tasksets using 3-cores.
Source-search sensitivity of a large-area, coded-aperture, gamma-ray imager

We have recently completed a large-area, coded-aperture, gamma-ray imager for use in searching for radiation sources. The instrument was constructed to verify that weak point sources can be detected at considerable distances if one uses imaging to overcome fluctuations in the natural background. The instrument uses a rank-19, one-dimensional coded aperture to cast shadow patterns onto a 0.57 m/sup 2/ NaI(Tl) detector composed of 57 individual cubes each 10 cm on a side. These are arranged in a 19/spl times/3 array. The mask is composed of four-cm thick, one-meter high, 10-cm wide lead blocks. The instrument is mounted in the back of a small truck from which images are obtained as one drives through a region. Results of first measurements obtained with the system are presented.
JC Virus Evolution and Its Association with Human Populations

ABSTRACT The ubiquitous human polyomavirus JC (JCV) is a small double-stranded DNA virus that establishes a persistent infection, and it is often transmitted from parents to children. There are at least 14 subtypes of the virus associated with different human populations. Because of its presumed codivergence with humans, JCV has been used as a genetic marker for human evolution and migration. Codivergence has also been used as a basis for estimating the rate of nucleotide substitution in JCV. We tested the hypothesis of host-virus codivergence by (i) performing a reconciliation analysis of phylogenetic trees of human and JCV populations and (ii) providing the first estimate of the evolutionary rate of JCV that is independent from the assumption of codivergence. Strikingly, our comparisons of JCV and human phylogenies provided no evidence for codivergence, suggesting that this virus should not be used as a marker for human population history. Further, while the estimated nucleotide substitution rate of JCV has large confidence intervals due to limited sampling, our analysis suggests that this virus may evolve nearly two orders of magnitude faster than predicted under the codivergence hypothesis.
Performance Study of the NSIS QoS-NSLP Protocol

This paper presents an evaluation of the quality of Service Signalling Layer Protocol (QoS-NSLP) of the NSIS (next steps in signalling) protocol suite. The QoS-NSLP in combination with the NSIS Transport Layer Protocol (NTLP) is proposed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as an alternative to the Resource reSerVation Protocol (RSVP). We describe our implementations of the software architecture, both on a network simulator and on a Linux implementation. Both implementations are used in a complimentary manner to illustrate the performance of the QoS-NSLP protocol. The results show the performance of QoS-NSLP with respect to resource consumption, packet processing time, session set up time, refresh interval and protocol overhead. Furthermore, we analyse the protocol performance during route change scenarios.
Hyperglycaemia blocks sevoflurane-induced postconditioning in the rat heart in vivo: cardioprotection can be restored by blocking the mitochondrial permeability transition pore.

BACKGROUND Recent studies showed that hyperglycaemia (HG) blocks anaesthetic-induced preconditioning. The influence of HG on anaesthetic-induced postconditioning (post) has not yet been determined. We investigated whether sevoflurane (Sevo)-induced postconditioning is blocked by HG and whether the blockade could be reversed by inhibiting the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) with cyclosporine A (CsA). METHODS Chloralose-anaesthetized rats (n=7-11 per group) were subjected to 25 min coronary artery occlusion followed by 120 min reperfusion. Postconditioning was achieved by administration of 1 or 2 MAC sevoflurane for the first 5 min of early reperfusion. HG was induced by infusion of glucose 50% (G 50) for 35 min, starting 5 min before ischaemia up to 5 min of reperfusion. CsA (5 or 10 mg kg(-1)) was administered i.v. 5 min before the onset of reperfusion. At the end of the experiments, hearts were excised for infarct size measurements. RESULTS Infarct size (% of area at risk) was reduced from 51.4 (5.0)% [mean (sd)] in controls to 32.7 (12.8)% after sevoflurane postconditioning (Sevo-post) (P<0.05). This infarct size reduction was completely abolished by HG [51.1 (13.2)%, P<0.05 vs Sevo-post], but was restored by administration of sevoflurane with CsA [35.2 (5.2)%, P<0.05 vs HG+Sevo-post]. Increased concentrations of sevoflurane or CsA alone could not restore cardioprotection in a state of HG [Sevo-post2, 54.1 (12.6)%, P>0.05 vs HG+Sevo-post; CsA10, 58.8 (11.3)%, P>0.05 vs HG+CsA]. CONCLUSIONS Sevoflurane-induced postconditioning is blocked by HG. Inhibition of the mPTP with CsA is able to reverse this loss of cardioprotection.
Optimising web-based information retrieval methods for horizon scanning using relevance feedback

Horizon scanning is being increasingly regarded as an instrument to support strategic decision making. It requires the systematic examination of information to identify potential threats, emerging issues and opportunities to improve resilience and decrease risk exposure. Horizon scanning can use the Web to augment the acquisition of information, though this involves a search for novel and emerging issues without knowing them beforehand. To optimise such a search, we propose the use of relevance feedback, which involves human interaction in the retrieval process so as to improve results. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we have carried out a horizon scanning exercise which showed that our implementation of relevance feedback was able to maintain the retrieval of relevant documents constant over the length of the experiment, without any reduction. This represents an improvement over previous studies where relevance feedback was not considered.
Federation-less-federation of network-virtualization platforms

A method for federating multiple network-virtualization platforms by creating and managing slices (virtual networks) is proposed. A cross-domain slice can be created, deleted, or modified by sending a slice specification to the domain controller (network manager) of one domain. The specification is then propagated to other domains. Two challenges were addressed while this method was developed. The first challenge is to enable federation among multiple domains that do not support federation functions by only adding a few components without modification of the existing network-virtualization-platform architecture. A domain-dependent specification of a slice, containing a pseudo virtual node that encloses a part of the slice specification in the other domains, is used, and this part is handled by a proxy node that represents another domain and a control component that implements a federation API to create a cross-domain slice. The second challenge is to enable manageable non-IP (arbitrary-format) data communication on a cross-domain slice. For an interdomain communication, underlay VLAN parameters including MAC addresses are negotiated in advance and data packets on a slice are tunneled between gateways in these domains. The proposed federation method was implemented on two networkvirtualization platforms, federation between two homogeneous domains was successfully demonstrated, federation performance was measured, and several issues on functional restrictions and implementation difficulty were found.
Clinico-Pathological Association of Delineated miRNAs in Uveal Melanoma with Monosomy 3/Disomy 3 Chromosomal Aberrations

Purpose To correlate the differentially expressed miRNAs with clinico-pathological features in uveal melanoma (UM) tumors harbouring chromosomal 3 aberrations among South Asian Indian cohort. Methods Based on chromosomal 3 aberration, UM (n = 86) were grouped into monosomy 3 (M3; n = 51) and disomy 3 (D3; n = 35) by chromogenic in-situ hybridisation (CISH). The clinico-pathological features were recorded. miRNA profiling was performed in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) UM samples (n = 6) using Agilent, Human miRNA microarray, 8x15KV3 arrays. The association between miRNAs and clinico-pathological features were studied using univariate and multivariate analysis. miRNA-gene targets were predicted using Target-scan and MiRanda database. Significantly dys-regulated miRNAs were validated in FFPE UM (n = 86) and mRNAs were validated in frozen UM (n = 10) by qRT-PCR. Metastasis free-survival and miRNA expressions were analysed by Kaplen-Meier analysis in UM tissues (n = 52). Results Unsupervised analysis revealed 585 differentially expressed miRNAs while supervised analysis demonstrated 82 miRNAs (FDR; Q = 0.0). Differential expression of 8 miRNAs: miR-214, miR-149*, miR-143, miR-146b, miR-199a, let7b, miR-1238 and miR-134 were studied. Gene target prediction revealed SMAD4, WISP1, HIPK1, HDAC8 and C-KIT as the post-transcriptional regulators of miR-146b, miR-199a, miR-1238 and miR-134. Five miRNAs (miR-214, miR146b, miR-143, miR-199a and miR-134) were found to be differentially expressed in M3/ D3 UM tumors. In UM patients with liver metastasis, miR-149* and miR-134 expressions were strongly correlated. Conclusion UM can be stratified using miRNAs from FFPE sections. miRNAs predicting liver metastasis and survival have been identified. Mechanistic linkage of de-regulated miRNA/mRNA expressions provide new insights on their role in UM progression and aggressiveness.