Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An inner membrane platform in the type II secretion machinery of Gram‐negative bacteria

The type II secretion machinery allows most Gram‐negative bacteria to deliver virulence factors into their surroundings. We report that in Erwinia chrysanthemi, GspE (the putative NTPase), GspF, GspL and GspM constitute a complex in the inner membrane that is presumably used as a platform for assembling other parts of the secretion machinery. The GspE–GspF–GspL–GspM complex was demonstrated by two methods: (i) co‐immunoprecipitation of GspE–GspF–GspL with antibodies raised against either GspE or GspF; (ii) interactions in the yeast two‐hybrid system between GspF and GspE, GspF and GspL, GspL and GspM. GspL was found to have an essential role in complex formation. We propose a model in which the GspE–GspF–GspL–GspM proteins constitute a building block within the secretion machinery on top of which another building block, referred to as a pseudopilus, assembles. By analogy, we predict that a similar platform is required for the biogenesis of the type IV pilus.
Comparative Tone-Colour Responses of College Music Majors with Absolute Pitch and Good Relative Pitch

The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that college music majors possessing absolute pitch will be more consistent in their tone-colour responses over a period of time than college music majors possessing good relative pitch. Data were gathered for 22 college music majors, 10 possessors of absolute pitch and 12 who possess good relative pitch. The students were administered an individual test on five consecutive weeks. Each test consisted of recordings of the 12 tones within an octave performed on a pipe organ, using the flute stop. The tones of each week's test were in a different random order. After each note was sounded, the student selected a colour from a colour wheel placed in front of him. Consistency of response, from week to week, was measured and evaluated. A comparison of the two groups' mean variability across the five trials for each of the 12 tones revealed a statistically significant difference (p < *001) between the two groups' mean response for each of the 12 pitches. In all cases, the mean response of the perfect pitch subjects was significantly more consistent than that of the relative pitch subjects.
In Vivo Fate Analysis Reveals the Multipotent and Self-Renewal Features of Embryonic AspM Expressing Cells

Radial Glia (RG) cells constitute the major population of neural progenitors of the mouse developing brain. These cells are located in the ventricular zone (VZ) of the cerebral cortex and during neurogenesis they support the generation of cortical neurons. Later on, during brain maturation, RG cells give raise to glial cells and supply the adult mouse brain of Neural Stem Cells (NSC). Here we used a novel transgenic mouse line expressing the CreERT2 under the control of AspM promoter to monitor the progeny of an early cohort of RG cells during neurogenesis and in the post natal brain. Long term fate mapping experiments demonstrated that AspM-expressing RG cells are multi-potent, as they can generate neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes of the adult mouse brain. Furthermore, AspM descendants give also rise to proliferating progenitors in germinal niches of both developing and post natal brains. In the latter –i.e. the Sub Ventricular Zone- AspM descendants acquired several feature of neural stem cells, including the capability to generate neurospheres in vitro. We also performed the selective killing of these early progenitors by using a Nestin-GFPflox-TK allele. The forebrain specific loss of early AspM expressing cells caused the elimination of most of the proliferating cells of brain, a severe derangement of the ventricular zone architecture, and the impairment of the cortical lamination. We further demonstrated that AspM is expressed by proliferating cells of the adult mouse SVZ that can generate neuroblasts fated to become olfactory bulb neurons.
Narcissism and abject aesthetics

In this article, we explore the tendency of a number of television and art shows to challenge the usual cosmetic surgery industry’s focus on the before and after images and instead bring to central stage the time of surgery itself, when the body is immobilized, cut open and remoulded. In this context, we refer to the television series Nip/Tuck and also to the art shows of Jonathan Yeo’ You’re Only Young Twice and Anthony C. Berlet’s I Am Art: An Expression of the Visual & Artistic Process of Plastic Surgery. What these television series and art shows have in common is an interest in what we call abject aesthetics, in which the anesthetized, immobile (docile) bodies are fully exposed to the viewer’s gaze as they are cut open to allow intrusion of blood into the diegetic space, creating a breakdown of bodily borders as faces and bodies are opened up and skin is pulled from side to side. We argue that the manifested and enjoyed aggressivity towards bodies is an expression of an increased level of social narcissism, which besides producing an obsession with (adulation for) an ideal body image it simultaneously fosters a strong feeling of aggressivity towards the very ideal, hence the creation in fantasy of scenarios in which the overly restrictive and deadening ideal is torn apart to reveal its abject underside. Finally, we explore the workings of this economy of revealing and concealing, by foregrounding the concept of the abject and by staging an encounter with the grotesque in order to offer a critical perspective on the beauty ideal.
The Money Center Cannot Hold: Commercial Banks in the U.S. System of Corporate Governance

This paper examines how the place of banks in the intercorporate network has changed as a result of their decreasing role as financial intermediaries in the U.S. economy. An analysis of comprehensive data on the boards of the fifty largest banks and their connections with the several hundred largest nonbank corporations from 1982 to 1994 shows that the centrality of banks has significantly declined as executives of major corporations, particularly those representing central firms, joined bank boards at a substantially lower rate. Declining centrality reflects a strategic choice on the part of the banks: as the returns available from lending to major corporations have declined, the largest banks have moved into other forms of business and reduced their recruiting of centrally located directors. We conclude with a discussion of the role of financial intermediation in shaping the social organization of the economy.
The RNase P Associated with HeLa Cell Mitochondria Contains an Essential RNA Component Identical in Sequence to That of the Nuclear RNase P

ABSTRACT The mitochondrion-associated RNase P activity (mtRNase P) was extensively purified from HeLa cells and shown to reside in particles with a sedimentation constant (∼17S) very similar to that of the nuclear enzyme (nuRNase P). Furthermore, mtRNase P, like nuRNase P, was found to process a mitochondrial tRNASer(UCN)precursor [ptRNASer(UCN)] at the correct site. Treatment with micrococcal nuclease of highly purified mtRNase P confirmed earlier observations indicating the presence of an essential RNA component. Furthermore, electrophoretic analysis of 3′-end-labeled nucleic acids extracted from the peak of glycerol gradient-fractionated mtRNase P revealed the presence of a 340-nucleotide RNA component, and the full-length cDNA of this RNA was found to be identical in sequence to the H1 RNA of nuRNase P. The proportions of the cellular H1 RNA recovered in the mitochondrial fractions from HeLa cells purified by different treatments were quantified by Northern blots, corrected on the basis of the yield in the same fractions of four mitochondrial nucleic acid markers, and shown to be 2 orders of magnitude higher than the proportions of contaminating nuclear U2 and U3 RNAs. In particular, these experiments revealed that a small fraction of the cell H1 RNA (of the order of 0.1 to 0.5%), calculated to correspond to ∼33 to ∼175 intact molecules per cell, is intrinsically associated with mitochondria and can be removed only by treatments which destroy the integrity of the organelles. In the same experiments, the use of a probe specific for the RNA component of RNase MRP showed the presence in mitochondria of 6 to 15 molecules of this RNA per cell. The available evidence indicates that the levels of mtRNase P detected in HeLa cells should be fully adequate to satisfy the mitochondrial tRNA synthesis requirements of these cells.
Usefulness and impact on management of positive and negative capsule endoscopy.

OBJECTIVE To determine the usefulness of positive and negative capsule endoscopies (CEs), and the impact of each on short- and long-term patient management. METHODS Medical records were reviewed for 70 consecutive CE patients. Based on outcomes from referring physicians, it was determined whether CE was useful, partially useful or not useful at all in the overall patient management, and whether CE assisted in providing a diagnosis, and impacted on short-term long-term management. RESULTS CE indications included overt bleeding (37%), occult bleeding (20%), iron deficiency (17%), abdominal pain and weight loss (13%), assessing the extent of or confirming a diagnosis of Crohn's disease (9%) and screening for familial adenomatous polyposis (4%). Positive studies were seen in 58% of overt bleeds, 50% of occult bleeds, 33% of iron deficiencies and 33% of Crohn's diseases. Overall, 28 studies (40%) were positive studies and 42 (60%) were negative studies. CE aided in diagnosis in 11 of 28 (39%) positive and 12 of 42 (29%) negative studies (P=0.35). Positive and negative CEs had an impact on short-term management in 12 of 28 (43%) versus 18 of 42 (43%) cases, respectively (P=1.0), and on long-term management in 14 of 28 (50%) versus 15 of 42 (36%) cases, respectively (P=0.23). For positive and negative studies, respectively, CE was considered useful in 12 of 28 (43%) versus 15 of 42 (36%) cases (39% overall), partially useful in 10 of 28 (36%) versus 10 of 42 (24%) cases (28% overall), and not useful at all in six of 28 (21%) versus 17 of 42 (40%) cases (33% overall). CONCLUSIONS Although a negative CE may aid in making a definitive diagnosis in only 29% of patients, its effect on management and overall usefulness is similar to that of a positive CE. A physician's decision on whether to order CE should not be based solely on the pretest probability of a positive examination but also on the clinical utility of a negative study.
The Challenge of Ecophysiological Biodiversity for Biotechnological Applications of Marine Microalgae

In this review, we aim to explore the potential of microalgal biodiversity and ecology for biotechnological use. A deeper exploration of the biodiversity richness and ecophysiological properties of microalgae is crucial for enhancing their use for applicative purposes. After describing the actual biotechnological use of microalgae, we consider the multiple faces of taxonomical, morphological, functional and ecophysiological biodiversity of these organisms, and investigate how these properties could better serve the biotechnological field. Lastly, we propose new approaches to enhancing microalgal growth, photosynthesis, and synthesis of valuable products used in biotechnological fields, mainly focusing on culture conditions, especially light manipulations and genetic modifications.
Contestation, négociation et résistance : L'État congolais au quotidien

Saisir l’essentiel du politique congolais n’est pas tâche aisee. Comment faire l’etat des lieux d’un Etat gigantesque ou la multitude d’acteurs rivalisent avec des institutions faibles pour creer une atmosphere constante d’incertitude et de chaos apparent ? Les observateurs occasionnels peuvent etre tentes d’affirmer que le Congo ne va nulle part, au regard des developpements de ces dernieres annees. Le cycle de violence pratiquement jamais interrompu dans les provinces du Kivu, par exemple, les violations continues des droits de l’homme, l’echec de la reforme du secteur de securite, les intimidations et repressions etatiques contre certains opposants, des elections frauduleuses (2011), et plus generalement l’effritement du processus de democratisation, sont autant de signes d’une crise persistante. Crise, sans doute, mais sur fond de flux, de transformations et d’adaptations. Comme le disait une jeune residente de Goma en juillet 2010 : « Ce pays est toujours en mouvement, tout le temps. C’est juste que nous ne sommes jamais surs si c’est vers le haut ou vers le bas » 1. Temoignant d’une profonde ambivalence, cette declaration nous rappelle que la certitude n’est pas de mise au Congo, pour la majorite des habitants dans leur vie quotidienne comme pour les observateurs que nous sommes et qui peinent a donner du sens aux evenements en cours. Dans cette introduction et dans ce dossier, toutefois, nous souhaitons suggerer trois pistes qui permettent d’apprehender, au moins en partie, les logiques de la politique congolaise. La premiere concerne le caractere
Survey of major complications of intercostal chest drain insertion in the UK

Background Following reports from the National Patient Safety Agency of deaths and serious harm from intercostal chest drains (ICD) we conducted a national survey among chest physicians of their experience of harm associated with ICD. Methods A questionnaire was sent to 198 UK chest physicians at 148 acute hospital trusts, enquiring about current practice and any adverse incidents related to chest drains from 2003 to 2008. Results 101 of 148 trusts (68%) replied. 67 trusts reported at least one major incident involving ICD insertion. 31 Cases of ICD misplacement were reported with seven deaths. Misplaced drains were inserted in liver (10), peritoneal space (6), heart (5), spleen (5), subclavian vessels (2), colon (1), oesophagus (1) and inferior vena cava (1). 47 cases of serious lung or chest wall injuries with eight deaths and six cases of ICD placement on the wrong side with two deaths were reported. The guidewire was lost in the pleural cavity in three cases. 22 of 101 trusts required written patient consent before ICD insertion. 11 trusts had a training policy. 16 trusts had patient information literature for this procedure. The seniority of doctors permitted to insert ICDs was as follows: 30% any doctor; 27% at least 1 year post qualification; 32% at least 2 years, 11% at least 4 years. Conclusions 67% of responding trusts had encountered major complications of ICD. The survey raised concerns about training and consent. The National Patient Safety Agency has made recommendations to address these risks which are also addressed in the 2009 update of the British Thoracic Society Pleural Disease Guideline.
Sinus bone formation and implant survival after sinus membrane elevation and implant placement: a 1- to 6-year follow-up study.

OBJECTIVES To investigate the long-term clinical and radiographic results of the maxillary sinus membrane elevation technique where implants were inserted in a void space created by the elevation of the sinus membrane without adding any graft material. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 84 patients were subjected to 96 membrane elevation procedures and simultaneous placement of 239 implants. Changes of intra-sinus and marginal bone height in relation to the implants were measured in intraoral radiographs taken at insertion, after 6 months of healing, after 6 months of loading and then annually. Computerized tomography was performed pre-surgically and 6 months post-surgically. Resonance Frequency Analyses measurements were performed at the time of implants placement, at abutment connection and after 6 months of loading. The implant follow-up period ranged from a minimum of one to a maximum of 6 years after implants loading. RESULTS All implants were stable after 6 months of healing. A total of three implants were lost during the follow-up period giving a survival rate of 98.7%. Radiography demonstrated on average 5.3±2.1 mm of intra-sinus new bone formation after 6 months of healing. RFA measurements showed adequate primary stability (implant stability quotient 67.4±6.1) and small changes over time. CONCLUSION Maxillary sinus membrane elevation and simultaneous placement of implants without the use of bone grafts or bone substitutes result in predictable bone formation with a high implant survival rate of 98.7% during a follow-up period of up to 6 years. The intra-sinus bone formation remained stable in the long-term follow-up. It is suggested that the secluded compartment allowed for bone formation according to the principle of guided tissue regeneration. The high implant survival rate of 98.7% indicated that the implants sufficiently supported the fixed bridges throughout the study period. This technique reduces the risks for morbidity related to harvesting of bone grafts and eliminates the costs of grafting materials.
Expression of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor in Vascular Anomalies

Background: The mechanism for the growth of infantile hemangioma and vascular malformations is unknown. Follicle-stimulating hormone secretion mirrors the life cycle of infantile hemangioma and increases during adolescence, when vascular malformations often progress. The purpose of this study was to determine whether vascular anomalies express the receptor for follicle-stimulating hormone. Methods: Human vascular tumors (i.e., infantile hemangioma, congenital hemangioma, kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, and pyogenic granuloma) and vascular malformations (i.e., capillary, lymphatic, venous, and arteriovenous) were subjected to immunofluorescence for follicle-stimulating hormone receptor. Control specimens included normal skin/subcutis, mucosa, liver, spleen, Crohn disease, granulation, pancreatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and synovitis. Receptor and microvessel density were quantified using imaging software. Results: Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor was found in the endothelium of all vascular anomalies but was not present in control specimens. Expression was greater in proliferating infantile hemangioma (6.0 percent) compared with other vascular tumors (congenital hemangioma, 0.61 percent; kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, 0.55 percent; pyogenic granuloma, 0.56 percent; p < 0.0001), despite similar microvessel density (p = 0.1). Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor was elevated in arteriovenous malformations (2.65 percent) compared with other types of vascular malformations (capillary, 1.02 percent; lymphatic, 0.38 percent; venous, 0.76 percent; p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Vascular anomalies express follicle-stimulating hormone receptor on their endothelium, in contrast to vascular control tissues. Vascular anomalies are the only benign, pathologic tissue known to express this receptor. Because the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone correlates with the growth pattern of infantile hemangioma and vascular malformations, follicle-stimulating hormone might be involved in the pathogenesis of these lesions.
Thalamic and extrathalamic mechanisms of consciousness after severe brain injury

What mechanisms underlie the loss and recovery of consciousness after severe brain injury? We sought to establish, in the largest cohort of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) to date, the link between gold standard clinical measures of awareness and wakefulness, and specific patterns of local brain pathology—thereby possibly providing a mechanistic framework for patient diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment development.
Interactive FUrniTURE: Evaluation of Smart Interactive Textile Interfaces for Home Environments

Ubiquitous computing strives to reach the calm computing state where sensors and actuators disappear from the foreground of our surroundings into the fabric of everyday objects. Despite the great progress in embedded technology, artificial interfaces, such as remote controls and touch screens, remain the dominant media for interacting with smart everyday objects. Motivated by recent advancements in smart textile technologies, we investigate the usability and acceptance of fabric-based controllers in the smart home environment. In this article we describe the development and evaluation of three textile interfaces for controlling a motorized recliner armchair in a living room setting. The core of this contribution is the empirical study with twenty participants that contrasted the user experience of three textile-based interaction techniques to a standard remote control. Despite the slightly lower reliability of the textile interfaces, their overall acceptance was higher. The study shows that the hedonic quality and attractiveness of textile interfaces have higher impact on user acceptance compared to pragmatic qualities, such as efficiency, fluidity of interaction, and reliability. Attractiveness profits from the direct and nearly invisible integration of the interaction device into textile objects such as furniture.
A treacherous case of primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the bone: appearances can be deceptive

Introduction Primary lymphoma of the bone constitutes an extremely rare but distinctive clinical entity, accounting for approximately 3% of all primary bone malignancies and less than 1% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Case presentation We report a rare case of a male patient with an atypical clinical presentation of non-Hodgkin primary lymphoma of the bone, initially misdiagnosed as ankylosing spondylitis. To our knowledge, this is the first case in the literature in which magnetic resonance imaging was contra-indicated. The atypical radiological imaging of the tumor, despite its aggressiveness, rendered the diagnostic approach a challenging but strenuous process. Conclusion Plain radiographs and even computerized tomography images of primary lymphoma of the bone may appear as normal, but other imaging modalities should be used including radionuclide scans, especially when imaging techniques of greater accuracy such as magnetic resonance imaging are contraindicated. A patient-centred approach with emphasis on the main symptoms is the key to the diagnostic challenge of revealing the extremely unusual cases of primary lymphoma of the bone.
A Hybrid Model for Chinese Spelling Check

Spelling check for Chinese has more challenging difficulties than that for other languages. A hybrid model for Chinese spelling check is presented in this article. The hybrid model consists of three components: one graph-based model for generic errors and two independently trained models for specific errors. In the graph model, a directed acyclic graph is generated for each sentence, and the single-source shortest-path algorithm is performed on the graph to detect and correct general spelling errors at the same time. Prior to that, two types of errors over functional words (characters) are first solved by conditional random fields: the confusion of “在” (at) (pinyin is zai in Chinese), “再” (again, more, then) (pinyin: zai) and “的” (of) (pinyin: de), “地” (-ly, adverb-forming particle) (pinyin: de), and “得” (so that, have to) (pinyin: de). Finally, a rule-based model is exploited to distinguish pronoun usage confusion: “她” (she) (pinyin: ta), “他” (he) (pinyin: ta), and some other common collocation errors. The proposed model is evaluated on the standard datasets released by the SIGHAN Bake-off shared tasks, giving state-of-the-art results.