Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visible‐Color‐Tunable Light‐Emitting Diodes

However, conventional inorganic thin-fi lm light-emitting diodes (LEDs) emit only a single color that is determined by the quantum well layer thickness and composition. Achieving multiple color generation from inorganic LEDs on a substrate is a major obstacle to using inorganic semiconductors in fullcolor displays. To overcome this obstacle, we used multifacetted gallium nitride (GaN) nanorod arrays with In x Ga 1 − x N/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) anisotropically formed on the nanorod tips and sidewalls. For various electroluminescence (EL) colors, current injection paths were controlled through a continuous p-GaN layer depending on the applied bias voltage. Here, we report on the fabrication and characteristics of monolithic, full-color, tunable LEDs, whose EL color can be tuned continuously from red to blue by adjusting the external electric bias. The basic strategy for epitaxial growth of multifacetted GaN nanostructures and fabrication of color-tunable LEDs is shown in Figure 1 a. To obtain the LED structure, the GaN nanorod arrays were grown on n + -GaN/Al 2 O 3 (0001) substrates with a submicrometer-hole-patterned SiO 2 growth-mask layer using catalyst-free, selective metal–organic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE). As shown in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image in Figure 1 b, a vertically aligned GaN nanorod array exhibited excellent uniformity, with a mean length, dia meter, and neighbor spacing of 520, 220, and 550 nm, respectively, all of which could be controlled by changing the lithographic
Hand-Gesture Based Film Restoration

We have developed a static hand-gesture recognition system for the Human Computer Interaction based on shape analysis. This appearance-based recognition uses modified Fourier descriptors for the classification of hand shapes. Usually systems use two phases: training and running phase under the recognition. A new method is shown that under the running phase of the system users can interactive modify and learn hand gestures by the gesture motion, so they could improve the efficiency of the system. With this interactive learning algorithm our system is able to adapt to similar gestures of other users or small changing of hand posture. We will show a gesture recognition application applying these methods for the controlling of old film restoration. ∗ Hand Recognition Demo can be downloaded from http://www.knt. vein.hu/staff/licsara/
Strong Converse Rates for Quantum Communication

We revisit a fundamental open problem in quantum information theory, namely, whether it is possible to transmit quantum information at a rate exceeding the channel capacity if we allow for a non-vanishing probability of decoding error. Here, we establish that the Rains information of any quantum channel is a strong converse rate for quantum communication. For any sequence of codes with rate exceeding the Rains information of the channel, we show that the fidelity vanishes exponentially fast as the number of channel uses increases. This remains true even if we consider codes that perform classical post-processing on the transmitted quantum data. As an application of this result, for generalized dephasing channels, we show that the Rains information is also achievable, and thereby establish the strong converse property for quantum communication over such channels. Thus, we conclusively settle the strong converse question for a class of quantum channels that have a non-trivial quantum capacity.
PROTECTIVE ROLE OF TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA AGAINST CISPLATIN- INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY Research Article

The importance of Tinospora cordifolia stem extract was investigated for its possible curative effect in male wistar rats against the cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity. Oral administration of plant extract cured the cisplatin induced kidney damage. There was an increase in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and alkaline phosphatase in rats treated with Cisplatin (5mg/kg body weight, i.p). Administration of Cisplatin followed by alcoholic extract of Tinospora cordifolia (500mg/kg body weight, p.o) decreased the increased levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and alkaline phosphatase in rats. These biochemical observations were supplemented by histopathological examination of kidney section. Results of this study revealed that the alcoholic stem extract of Tinospora cordifolia has curative action against Cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity.
Threesomes, Degenerates, and Love Triangles

The 3SUM problem is to decide, given a set of $n$ real numbers, whether any three sum to zero. It is widely conjectured that a trivial $O(n^2)$-time algorithm is optimal and over the years the consequences of this conjecture have been revealed. This 3SUM conjecture implies $\Omega(n^2)$ lower bounds on numerous problems in computational geometry and a variant of the conjecture implies strong lower bounds on triangle enumeration, dynamic graph algorithms, and string matching data structures. In this paper we refute the 3SUM conjecture. We prove that the decision tree complexity of 3SUM is $O(n^{3/2}\sqrt{\log n})$ and give two subquadratic 3SUM algorithms, a deterministic one running in $O(n^2 / (\log n/\log\log n)^{2/3})$ time and a randomized one running in $O(n^2 (\log\log n)^2 / \log n)$ time with high probability. Our results lead directly to improved bounds for $k$-variate linear degeneracy testing for all odd $k\ge 3$. The problem is to decide, given a linear function $f(x_1,\ldots,x_k) = \alpha_0 + \sum_{1\le i\le k} \alpha_i x_i$ and a set $A \subset \mathbb{R}$, whether $0\in f(A^k)$. We show the decision tree complexity of this problem is $O(n^{k/2}\sqrt{\log n})$. Finally, we give a subcubic algorithm for a generalization of the $(\min,+)$-product over real-valued matrices and apply it to the problem of finding zero-weight triangles in weighted graphs. We give a depth-$O(n^{5/2}\sqrt{\log n})$ decision tree for this problem, as well as an algorithm running in time $O(n^3 (\log\log n)^2/\log n)$.
FNAC and Cell-block Study of Thyroid Lesions

Aim of the study: To highlight the importance of cell-block study in combination with FNAC in the diagnosis of different thyroid lesions. Patients and methods: This study was a retrospective study of 85 Egyptian patients with thyroid swellings, coming to cytopathology unit, faculty of medicine, Zagazig U:niversity. FNAC and cell-blocks were performed for each case. Cytological results of FNAC were compared to the cell-block histopathological picture. Results: FNAC findings were diagnosed as follows: 52 (61%) as colloid goiter, 5 (5.8%) as Hashimoto thyroiditis, 2 (2.3%) as branchial cleft cyst, 1.0 (1.1%) thyroglossal cyst, 5 (5.8%) follicular neoplasm without atypia, 2 (2.3%) as follicular neoplasm with atypia, 2 (2.3%) as suspicious of malignancy, 10 (11.7%) papillary thyroid carcinoma, and 1.0 (1.1%) thyroid carcinoma of undefined category. Insufficient cases were 5 in number. The sensitivity of FNAC in comparison with histopathological results of cell-blocks was 91.6% and specificity was 97.2%. Conclusion: It is advised to perform cell-block for each case of FNAC of thyroid lesions to decrease the pitfalls and to improve the diagnosis and management of thyroid lesions.
Effects of FCGRIIIa‐158V/F polymorphism on antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity of adalimumab

The associations between the efficacy of IgG reagents and the FCGRIIIa‐158V/F polymorphism (rs396991) have been investigated. Although the genotype frequencies in healthy Japanese have been reported, those have varied, as one study reported that the proportions of V/V, V/F, and F/F were 59.1%, 38.6%, and 2.3%, respectively, while another study found that they were 4%, 44%, and 52%, respectively. However, there are no known investigations of the association between the antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity of adalimumab (ADA), an IgG reagent, in combination with FcγRIIIa and the polymorphism. In this study, we analyzed healthy Japanese to clarify genotype frequency using a direct sequence method. In addition, we examined the association between the ADA‐mediated ADCC activity and the polymorphism. Our results showed that the frequencies of the V/V, V/F, and F/F genotypes in healthy Japanese were 9.2%, 39.8%, and 51.0%, respectively. The average activity of ADA‐mediated ADCC was 25.0%, 19.0%, and 13.3% in the V/V, V/F, and F/F genotypes, respectively. Then, the ADCC activity of V/V was significantly higher than that of F/F (p < 0.05) in therapeutic concentration. The differences in therapeutic effect of ADA among individuals can be explained, in part, by ADCC activity via the FCGRIIIa‐158V/F polymorphism.
Quantum-Like Bayesian Networks for Modeling Decision Making

In this work, we explore an alternative quantum structure to perform quantum probabilistic inferences to accommodate the paradoxical findings of the Sure Thing Principle. We propose a Quantum-Like Bayesian Network, which consists in replacing classical probabilities by quantum probability amplitudes. However, since this approach suffers from the problem of exponential growth of quantum parameters, we also propose a similarity heuristic that automatically fits quantum parameters through vector similarities. This makes the proposed model general and predictive in contrast to the current state of the art models, which cannot be generalized for more complex decision scenarios and that only provide an explanatory nature for the observed paradoxes. In the end, the model that we propose consists in a nonparametric method for estimating inference effects from a statistical point of view. It is a statistical model that is simpler than the previous quantum dynamic and quantum-like models proposed in the literature. We tested the proposed network with several empirical data from the literature, mainly from the Prisoner's Dilemma game and the Two Stage Gambling game. The results obtained show that the proposed quantum Bayesian Network is a general method that can accommodate violations of the laws of classical probability theory and make accurate predictions regarding human decision-making in these scenarios.
A comparative study of RNN for outlier detection in data mining

We have proposed replicator neural networks (RNNs) for outlier detection. We compare RNN for outlier detection with three other methods using both publicly available statistical datasets (generally small) and data mining datasets (generally much larger and generally real data). The smaller datasets provide insights into the relative strengths and weaknesses of RNNs. The larger datasets in particular test scalability and practicality of application.
Electrical Coupling between Locomotor-Related Excitatory Interneurons in the Mammalian Spinal Cord

Locomotor rhythm generation is a fundamental characteristic of neural networks in the spinal cord. Identifying the synaptic interactions between neurons in the locomotor circuitry is key to our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the production of rhythmic motor outputs. Using transgenic mice in which the homeobox gene HB9 drives the reporter green fluorescent protein (GFP), we have demonstrated that a genetically distinct cluster of Hb9/GFP-expressing interneurons (Hb9 INs) can generate locomotor-like rhythms in the newborn mouse spinal cord (Hinckley et al., 2005b). Processes of Hb9 INs are in close apposition to adjacent Hb9 INs, raising the possibility that the interneurons are synaptically interconnected. To test this hypothesis, whole-cell paired recordings were performed from visually identified Hb9 INs. High-incidence bidirectional electrical coupling was evident between Hb9 INs in spinal cords of newborn and juvenile mice. The coupling strength varied from 2 to 32% with an average of 12%. Our data suggested that the variability was not correlated with the distribution of electrical synapses at different electronic distances. Electrical synapses behaved as low-pass filters, reducing currents passing at frequencies >3 Hz. Episodes of spontaneous bursts of EPSCs were synchronous in coupled Hb9 INs, indicating that common synaptic inputs coordinated their activity. However, non-NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission was not required to synchronize neurochemically induced membrane oscillations between electrically coupled interneurons. The finding that electrical transmission persists in mice that can walk is indicative of its importance in coordinating the activity of this neuronal population in functionally mature spinal networks.
Angiopoietin-like 4 Modifies the Interactions between Lipoprotein Lipase and Its Endothelial Cell Transporter GPIHBP1*

Background: Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) function is modified by interactions with its transporter GPIHBP1 and the inhibitor angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4). Results: ANGPTL4 inactivated GPIHBP1-bound LPL. Inactivated LPL could not bind GPIHBP1. Conclusion: ANGPTL4 inactivation of LPL reduces the affinity of LPL for GPIHBP1 causing dissociation. Significance: Understanding ANGPTL4's interactions with LPL in a physiological context is vital to clarifying ANGPTL4's role in triglyceride metabolism. The release of fatty acids from plasma triglycerides for tissue uptake is critically dependent on the enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Hydrolysis of plasma triglycerides by LPL can be disrupted by the protein angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), and ANGPTL4 has been shown to inactivate LPL in vitro. However, in vivo LPL is often complexed to glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1) on the surface of capillary endothelial cells. GPIHBP1 is responsible for trafficking LPL across capillary endothelial cells and anchors LPL to the capillary wall during lipolysis. How ANGPTL4 interacts with LPL in this context is not known. In this study, we investigated the interactions of ANGPTL4 with LPL-GPIHBP1 complexes on the surface of endothelial cells. We show that ANGPTL4 was capable of binding and inactivating LPL complexed to GPIHBP1 on the surface of endothelial cells. Once inactivated, LPL dissociated from GPIHBP1. We also show that ANGPTL4-inactivated LPL was incapable of binding GPIHBP1. ANGPTL4 was capable of binding, but not inactivating, LPL at 4 °C, suggesting that binding alone was not sufficient for ANGPTL4's inhibitory activity. We observed that although the N-terminal coiled-coil domain of ANGPTL4 by itself and full-length ANGPTL4 both bound with similar affinities to LPL, the N-terminal fragment was more potent in inactivating both free and GPIHBP1-bound LPL. These results led us to conclude that ANGPTL4 can both bind and inactivate LPL complexed to GPIHBP1 and that inactivation of LPL by ANGPTL4 greatly reduces the affinity of LPL for GPIHBP1.
Menthol attenuates respiratory irritation responses to multiple cigarette smoke irritants

Menthol, the cooling agent in peppermint, is added to almost all commercially available cigarettes. Menthol stimulates olfactory sensations, and interacts with transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) ion channels in cold‐sensitive sensory neurons, and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), an irritant‐sensing channel. It is highly controversial whether menthol in cigarette smoke exerts pharmacological actions affecting smoking behavior. Using plethysmography, we investigated the effects of menthol on the respiratory sensory irritation response in mice elicited by smoke irritants (acrolein, acetic acid, and cyclohexanone). Menthol, at a concentration (16 ppm) lower than in smoke of mentholated cigarettes, immediately abolished the irritation response to acrolein, an agonist of TRPA1, as did eucalyptol (460 ppm), another TRPM8 agonist. Menthol's effects were reversed by a TRPM8 antagonist, AMTB. Menthol's effects were not specific to acrolein, as menthol also attenuated irritation responses to acetic acid, and cyclohexanone, an agonist of the capsaicin receptor, TRPV1. Menthol was efficiently absorbed in the respiratory tract, reaching local concentrations sufficient for activation of sensory TRP channels. These experiments demonstrate that menthol and eucalyptol, through activation of TRPM8, act as potent counterirritants against a broad spectrum of smoke constituents. Through suppression of respiratory irritation, menthol may facilitate smoke inhalation and promote nicotine addiction and smoking‐related morbidities. —Willis, D. N. , Liu, B. , Ha, M. A. , Jordt, S. ‐E. , Morris, J. B. Menthol attenuates respiratory irritation responses to multiple cigarette smoke irritants. FASEB J. 25, 4434–4444 (2011). www.fasebj. org
Host and viral factors in relation to clearance of human papillomavirus infection: A cohort study in Taiwan

Human papillomavirus (HPV) persistence is essential for cervical cancer development. We accrued nested‐cohort subjects from a population‐based study to investigate the host and viral factors related to outcome of HPV infection. Women (age ≥ 30 years old) with HPV‐positive but normal cytology and negative colposcopy were invited to participate. After signing informed consent, every participant completed a structured questionnaire and had 6‐monthly follow‐ups of Pap smear, HPV testing and colposcopy. Total and type‐specific HPV clearance rates as well as host and viral factors associated with clearance in 3‐year longitudinal follow‐up were analyzed. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of progression to ≥ cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 according to baseline HPV of the women with normal cytology were calculated from national registry database. Among the 626 eligible women, 526 (median age 47, 29–75) were enrolled and 412 returned for follow‐up at least once. The median follow‐up of enrolled subjects was 23 months (range 6.8–39). The 3‐year cumulative total HPV clearance rate was 49.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 43.3–54.7%). The median 3‐year cumulative type‐specific HPV clearance rate was 50.0% (range 0–100.0%) with a median time to clearance of 12.4 months (6.4–24.5). Older age was associated with significantly decreased total HPV clearance and decreased type‐specific clearance in HPV‐18 and ‐53, while high viral load was associated with decreased total and type‐specific clearance. After adjusting confounding variables, the HR of developing ≥CIN2 in baseline HPV‐positive women was 34.0‐fold (95% CI: 15.5–74.7) as compared to HPV‐negative women. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aspirin Responsiveness in Acute Brain Ischaemia: Association with Stroke Severity and Clinical Outcome

Purpose: Platelets play a critical role in the pathogenesis of acute brain ischaemia. We studied the association between the degree of inhibition of platelet function by aspirin (ASA) and the severity and outcome of acute brain ischaemia. Methods: Platelet responsiveness to ASA was assessed in patients with acute brain ischaemia, treated with ASA since hospital admission. The degree of ASA responsiveness was assessed by optical aggregometry and categorized into patients with good response, partial response and complete unresponsiveness to ASA (good responders, partial responders and non-responders, respectively). An additional evaluation of responsiveness to ASA was performed by Impact-R (cone and platelet analyzer). Patients underwent serial clinical assessment during hospitalization, at discharge and during follow-up. Results: Among 105 patients (mean age 63 ± 12 years; 66% men), impaired ASA responsiveness at baseline as assessed by aggregometry was associated with increased stroke severity at baseline, unfavourable clinical course, and poor functional outcome during follow-up (p < 0.05 for all). Age-adjusted odds ratios in non-responders compared to good responders were 9.8 for severe stroke on admission (95% CI 2.8–34.9), 3.1 for lack of early clinical improvement (95% CI 1.1–8.8) and 8.6 for poor functional outcome during follow-up (95% CI 2.4–30.4). Less robust trends were observed with the Impact-R. Conclusions: Impaired responsiveness to ASA in acute brain ischaemia is common and is associated with worse neurological deficits at stroke onset, early clinical deterioration and poorer functional outcome. The clinical significance of these findings requires further evaluation in larger longitudinal studies.
Acute Response of PGC-1&agr; and IGF-1 Isoforms to Maximal Eccentric Exercise in Skeletal Muscle of Postmenopausal Women

Abstract Dieli-Conwright, CM, Kiwata, JL, Tuzon, C, Spektor, TM, Sattler, FR, Rice, JC, and Schroeder, ET. Acute response of PGC-1&agr; and IGF-1 isoforms to maximal eccentric exercise in skeletal muscle of postmenopausal women. J Strength Cond Res 30(4): 1161–1170, 2016—PGC-1&agr;4, a novel isoform of the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1&agr;, was recently postulated to modulate the expression of anabolic and catabolic genes and therefore regulate skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Resting levels of PGC-1&agr;4 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression were found to increase in healthy adults after resistance training. However, the acute effect of resistance exercise (RE) on PGC-1&agr;4 expression in populations prone to progressive muscle loss, such as postmenopausal women, has not been evaluated. Here, we investigated alterations in mRNA expression of PGC-1&agr;4 and PGC-1&agr;1, a regulator of muscle oxidative changes, in postmenopausal women after high-intensity eccentric RE and analyzed these findings with respect to changes in insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and catabolic gene expression. Nine postmenopausal women (age, 57.9 ± 3.2 years) performed 10 sets of 10 maximal eccentric repetitions of single-leg extension with 20-second rest periods between sets. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis of the exercised leg before and 4 hours after the RE bout with mRNA expression determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. No significant changes in the mRNA expression of either PGC-1&agr; isoform were observed after acute eccentric RE (p > 0.05). IGF-1Ea mRNA expression significantly increased (p ⩽ 0.05), whereas IGF-1Eb and mechano-growth factor (MGF) did not significantly change (p > 0.05). PGC-1&agr;4 mRNA expression was associated with reduced mRNA expression of the catabolic gene myostatin (R = −0.88, p < 0.01), whereas MGF mRNA expression was associated with reduced mRNA expression of the catabolic gene FOXO3A (R = −0.81, p ⩽ 0.05). These data demonstrate an attenuated response of PGC-1&agr; isoforms to an acute bout of maximal eccentric exercise with short rest periods in postmenopausal women.
Scatter correction in 3-D PET

Modern multiring positron emission tomographs allow the acquisition of 3-D data sets to increase their sensitivity. A substantial part of this data is due to scattered radiation. The authors describe the experimental dependence of point source scatter distributions on energy window setting, source location, and scatter volume in geometries relevant for brain studies. The point source scatter distribution was parametrized accurately by a broad, 2-D Gaussian, which included a shift parameter to account for asymmetry of the scatter medium relative to the source. This parametrization was used to formulate two fast scatter correction algorithms suitable for brain scans. In both algorithms, a 2-D subset of the measured projections was transformed into a scatter projection. An image of the 3-D scatter distribution was reconstructed using 2-D algorithms. It was then subtracted from the total (true+scattered) 3-D image. Both algorithms were implemented in different combinations with the additional attenuation correction and were tested on point source and phantom measurements. It was shown that, for the situation typical for brain scans, reconstructed scatter fractions could be reduced to 5% or less.