Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proteins, Dietary Acid Load, and Calcium and Risk of Postmenopausal Fractures in the E3N French Women Prospective Study

Excess dietary proteins and “acid ash” diets have been suspected to increase the risk of osteoporosis, but experimental and epidemiological evidence is mixed. We aimed to determine whether the association between protein intake and the overall acid‐base equilibrium of the diet (as renal net acid excretion [RNAE] estimate) and fracture risk vary according to calcium intake. During an average of 8.37 ± 1.73 yr of follow‐up, 2408 women reported a fracture (excluding high‐impact trauma) among 36,217 postmenopausal women from the E3N prospective study. We used Cox regression models to study the interaction between calcium and, respectively, proteins and RNAE, from the 1993 dietary questionnaire for fracture risk determination, adjusting for potential confounders. There was no overall association between fracture risk and total protein or RNAE. However, in the lowest quartile of calcium (<400 mg/1000 kcal), high protein intake was associated with a significant increased fracture risk (RR = 1.51 for highest versus lowest quartile; 95% CI, 1.17–1.94). An increasing fracture risk with increasing animal protein intake was also observed (trend, p < 0.0001). A similar pattern of interaction for fracture risk was observed between RNAE and calcium. In this Western population of postmenopausal women with normal to high protein intake and fairly high calcium intake, there was no overall association between total protein or RNAE and fracture risk. However, there was some evidence that high protein–high acid ash diets were associated with an increased risk of fracture when calcium intake was low (<400 mg/1000 kcal).
Role of the Mitochondrial bc \-Complex in the Cytotoxic Action of Diethylstilbestrol-Diphosphate toward Prostatic Carcinoma Cells 1

In previous work (P. Schulz et al., Cancer Res., 48: 2867-2870, 1988) we have demonstrated that diethylstilbestrol (DES), DES-monophosphatc, and DES-diphosphate (DESDP) are generally cytotoxic at con centrations attained in patients' sera during therapeutic DESDP infusions for progressed carcinoma of the prostate. \Ye have extended this work and addressed two questions: (a) Is DESDP itself a completely nontoxic prodrug which has to be transformed into the active species DES by a phosphatase? (/>) Which metabolic or regulatory mechanism in a cell is the target of DES action? Using cell cultures in phosphatase-depleted media we could provide evidence that DESDP exerts cytotoxic activity only after conversion to DES. Oxygen electrode experiments and differ ence spectra with intact mitochondria demonstrated that DES did not act as an uncoupler, but inhibited electron flow from ubiquinone to cytochrome <â€¢,. Phenomena previously observed in DES-treated cells could be explained by distortion of the energy metabolism.
The Language of Civil Engineering: Corpus-based Studies on Vocational School Textbooks in Malaysia

Engineering textbooks are specialized in nature, containing technical terminology which can be challenging to learners. For better comprehension of engineering concepts, there is a need for bridging the language gap by focusing on the frequently used and important engineering vocabulary. Most English Language Teaching (ELT) teachers do not necessary possess the specialist language in the field of engineering which can be rather confusing to them. It has been reported that Malaysian engineering textbooks (syllabus) were not written based on any word lists or corpora. Hence, learners require the language needed in the field of engineering – English for Engineering Purposes (EEP). To meet this requirement, specialised engineering textbooks were studied to specify the meaningful lexical components which can facilitate learners to assimilate into their discourse community. In the field of civil engineering, there is no exception that learners too need to understand the composition of words found in their textbooks. This study shows the exact word lists and suggests what learners and teachers can do to learn the “language of civil engineering”.
Core-Halo Structure of a Chemically Homogeneous Massive Star and Bending of the Zero-Age Main Sequence

We have recalculated the interior structure of very massive stars of uniform chemical composition with the OPAL opacity. Very massive stars are found to develop a core-halo structure with an extended radiativeenvelope. With the core-halo structure, because a more massive star has a more extended envelope, the track of the upper zero-age main-sequence (ZAMS) curves redward in the H-R diagram at > 100 M® (Z = 0.02), > 70 Af® (Z = 0.05), and > 15M® for helium ZAMS (X = 0, Z = 0.02). Therefore, the effective temperatures of very massive ZAMS stars are rather low: e.g., for a 200 M® star, log Teff = 4.75 (Z = 0.004), 4.60 (Z = 0.02), 4.46 (Z = 0.05), and 4.32 (Z = 0.10). The effective temperatures of very luminous stars (> 120 M®) found in the LMC, the SMC, and the Galaxy are discussed in relation to this metal dependence of a curving upper main-sequence.
News Implied Volatility and Disaster Concerns

We construct a text-based measure of uncertainty starting in 1890 using front-page articles of the Wall Street Journal. News implied volatility (NVIX) peaks during stock market crashes, times of policy-related uncertainty, world wars, and financial crises. In US postwar data, periods when NVIX is high are followed by periods of above average stock returns, even after controlling for contemporaneous and forward-looking measures of stock market volatility. News coverage related to wars and government policy explains most of the time variation in risk premia our measure identifies. Over the longer 1890–2009 sample that includes the Great Depression and two world wars, high NVIX predicts high future returns in normal times and rises just before transitions into economic disasters. The evidence is consistent with recent theories emphasizing time variation in rare disaster risk as a source of aggregate asset prices fluctuations.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Music-evoked Emotions: Principles, Brain Correlates, and Implications for Therapy

Each of these principles includes several subprinciples, and the framework on music-evoked emotions emerging from these principles and subprinciples is supposed to provide a starting point for a systematic, coherent, and comprehensive theory on music-evoked emotions that considers both reception and production of music, as well as the relevance of emotion-evoking principles for music therapy.
Life on Human Surfaces: Skin Metagenomics

The human skin microbiome could provide another example, after the gut, of the strong positive or negative impact that human colonizing bacteria can have on health. Deciphering functional diversity and dynamics within human skin microbial communities is critical for understanding their involvement and for developing the appropriate substances for improving or correcting their action. We present a direct PCR-free high throughput sequencing approach to unravel the human skin microbiota specificities through metagenomic dataset analysis and inter-environmental comparison. The approach provided access to the functions carried out by dominant skin colonizing taxa, including Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus and Propionibacterium, revealing their specific capabilities to interact with and exploit compounds from the human skin. These functions, which clearly illustrate the unique life style of the skin microbial communities, stand as invaluable investigation targets for understanding and potentially modifying bacterial interactions with the human host with the objective of increasing health and well being.
Measuring the impact of public perceptions on child welfare workers

ABSTRACT The Public Perceptions of Child Welfare Scale measures how the social environment influences child welfare workers, including their job satisfaction and intent to leave. Psychometric studies have validated the scale for private child welfare workers, but there are no validation studies with public agency staff. This study fills that gap, showing stigma and respect are important constructs that also predict worker intent to leave. This research found an additional construct, blame, which was not present in private worker validation studies. The scale provides an important tool for the field as we continue to build evidence for effective recruitment and retention.
Cytogenetic analyses using C-banding and DAPI/CMA3 staining of four populations of the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, 1855 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)

Abstract Cytogenetic data avalaible for the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, 1855 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), one of the most destructive pests of stored cereal grains, are controversial. Earlier studies focused on single populations and emphasized chromosome number and sex determination system. In this paper, the karyotypes of four populations of Sitophilus zeamais were characterized by conventional staining, C-banding and sequential staining with the fluorochromes chromomycin-A3/4-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (CMA3/DAPI). The analyses of metaphases obtained from the cerebral ganglia of last instar larvae and the testes of adults showed that the species had 2n = 22 chromosomes, with 10 autosomal pairs and a sex chromosome pair (XX in females and Xyp in males). Chromosome number, however, ranged from 2n = 22 to 26 due to the presence of 0–4 supernumerary chromosomes in individuals from the populations of Viçosa, Unai and Porto Alegre. With the exception of the Y chromosome, which was dot-like, all other chromosomes of this species were metacentric, including the supernumeraries. The heterochromatin was present in the centromeric regions of all autosomes and in the centromere of the X chromosome. The B chromosomes were partially or totally heterochromatic, and the Y chromosome was euchromatic. The heterochromatic regions were labeled with C-banding and DAPI, which showed that they were rich in AT base pairs.
The Perspectives of Women Professors on the Professoriate: A Missing Piece in the Narrative on Gender Equality in the University

The under-representation of women in the professoriate is a widely acknowledged and complex phenomenon internationally. Ireland is no exception to this and indeed the issue of gender equality in Irish higher education has in the last 24 months emerged on the national policy agenda, largely as a result of a number of high profile legal cases and the subsequent setting up of an expert review panel (2015) and a gender equality taskforce (2017). What has now become clear internationally is that despite the advances women have made in terms of their participation rates as undergraduates, as well as the introduction of gender equity policies, the vast majority of professors in higher education institutions globally are men. Specifically, regarding Ireland in the period 2013–2015, even though 50% of the lecturer staff in universities were women, only 19% of professors were women. While the availability of such data is instructive, attention also needs to focus on examining the organizational culture and practices that appear to perpetuate such gender divisions and gendered patterns of action. On this, however, there is an almost complete absence of studies on the perspectives of women professors in Ireland on the professoriate. The study reported here, which was undertaken within the life story tradition, is one response to this deficit. It is based on interviews conducted with 21 women professors on their perspectives on working as professors in the university sphere in the period 2000‒2017. Four key themes were generated during the analysis of their testimony: they regarded universities as operating according to male-definitions of merit; they made a strategic choice not to engage in senior management roles (Senior management is defined as occupying the role of Dean level or above.); they considered there was no room for caring responsibilities in universities; and they emphasized the importance of validation, selection, and networks of support.
Impact of Receiver Molecular Circuits on the Performance of Reaction Shift Keying

Reaction shift keying (RSK) is a recently proposed modulation scheme for diffusion-based molecular communication networks. For RSK, the transmitter uses different chemical reactions to generate different emission patterns to represent different symbols. The receiver front end consists of a molecular circuit and the back end uses a bank of demodulation filter for detection. The aim of this paper is to study the impact of the choice of molecular circuits on communication performance. We consider two circuits: (1) ligand-receptor binding with feedback regulation; (2) ligand-receptor with multiple binding sites. For each circuit, we derive the maximum a posteriori demodulation filter by solving a Bayesian filtering problem. We show that appropriate amount of feedback can reduce symbol error rate. We also show how the choice of measurements in the multiple multiple binding site case can affect communication performance.
Control refinement for DAE systems: A behavioral approach via simulation relations

The controller design of the so-called "difference algebraic equation" (DAE) systems that are frequently shown in industrial processes, tend to be challenging because of the combination of algebraic equations and high state dimensions. In this paper, we tackle this problem by developing control refinement approaches for DAE systems via the notions of (bi)simulation relations and approximate simulation relations from computer science. The quantified refinement accuracy is achieved by defining observation metrics over a general system framework named transition systems. We employ the behavioral theory to tackle dynamical systems and control problems in a more general framework. Due to the difficulty in dealing with a DAE system directly, we derive another system, which is behaviorally equivalent to the related DAE system and in standard state space form, to provide ease for further control refinement. Consequently, well-developed model reduction approaches can be applied to obtain an abstract simplified system, which can be rewritten into a DAE system again. Based on the (bi)simulation relations, approximate simulation relations and the initialization conditions, we show that for any given well-posed controller of the abstract model, we can always refine it to a controller for the concrete model such that the two systems have the same controlled output behavior or the distance between their output behavior is bounded.
Early Conceptual and Linguistic Processes Operate in Independent Channels

Language and concepts are intimately linked, but how do they interact? In the study reported here, we probed the relation between conceptual and linguistic processing at the earliest processing stages. We presented observers with sequences of visual scenes lasting 200 or 250 ms per picture. Results showed that observers understood and remembered the scenes’ abstract gist and, therefore, their conceptual meaning. However, observers remembered the scenes at least as well when they simultaneously performed a linguistic secondary task (i.e., reading and retaining sentences); in contrast, a nonlinguistic secondary task (equated for difficulty with the linguistic task) impaired scene recognition. Further, encoding scenes interfered with performance on the nonlinguistic task and vice versa, but scene processing and performing the linguistic task did not affect each other. At the earliest stages of conceptual processing, the extraction of meaning from visually presented linguistic stimuli and the extraction of conceptual information from the world take place in remarkably independent channels.
Discovery of Genes Related to Witches Broom Disease in Paulownia tomentosa × Paulownia fortunei by a De Novo Assembled Transcriptome

In spite of its economic importance, very little molecular genetics and genomic research has been targeted at the family Paulownia spp. The little genetic information on this plant is a big obstacle to studying the mechanisms of its ability to resist Paulownia Witches’ Broom (PaWB) disease. Analysis of the Paulownia transcriptome and its expression profile data are essential to extending the genetic resources on this species, thus will greatly improves our studies on Paulownia. In the current study, we performed the de novo assembly of a transcriptome on P. tomentosa × P. fortunei using the short-read sequencing technology (Illumina). 203,664 unigenes with a mean length of 1,328 bp was obtained. Of these unigenes, 32,976 (30% of all unigenes) containing complete structures were chosen. Eukaryotic clusters of orthologous groups, gene orthology, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes annotations were performed of these unigenes. Genes related to PaWB disease resistance were analyzed in detail. To our knowledge, this is the first study to elucidate the genetic makeup of Paulownia. This transcriptome provides a quick way to understanding Paulownia, increases the number of gene sequences available for further functional genomics studies and provides clues to the identification of potential PaWB disease resistance genes. This study has provided a comprehensive insight into gene expression profiles at different states, which facilitates the study of each gene’s roles in the developmental process and in PaWB disease resistance.
Pengaruh pembangunan ekonomi terhadap pembangunan manusia di kalimantan timur

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengeluaran pemerintah sektor pendidikan dan kesehatan dalam memperkuat pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi dan tingkat kemiskinan terhadap pembangunan manusia di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode analisis regresi berganda dengan variabel moderator. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel pengeluaran pemerintah sektor pendidikan dan kesehatan merupakan variabel moderator. Variabel pengeluaran pemerintah sektor kesehatan yang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan dalam memperkuat pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap pembangunan ekonomi. Kemudian variabel pengeluaran pemerintah sektor pendidikan dan kesehatan bukan merupakan variabel moderator dalam memperkuat pengaruh tingkat kemiskinan terhadap pembangunan manusia. Sedangkan variabel tingkat kemiskinan berpengaruh negatif tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap pembangunan manusia di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Hasil penelitian ini menjadi dasar pertimbangan kebijakan pemerintah Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Dalam upaya penanggulangan kemiskinan untuk peningkatan pembangunan manusia yang dilakukan secara komprehensif yang meliputi berbagai aspek kehidupan masyarakat dan dilaksanakan secara terpadu. Kata kunci: Pengeluaran Pemerintah, Pendidikan, Kesehatan, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Kemiskinan, Pembangunan Manusia.
Directional Connectivity between Frontal and Posterior Brain Regions Is Altered with Increasing Concentrations of Propofol

Recent studies using electroencephalography (EEG) suggest that alteration of coherent activity between the anterior and posterior brain regions might be used as a neurophysiologic correlate of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness. One way to assess causal relationships between brain regions is given by renormalized partial directed coherence (rPDC). Importantly, directional connectivity is evaluated in the frequency domain by taking into account the whole multichannel EEG, as opposed to time domain or two channel approaches. rPDC was applied here in order to investigate propofol induced changes in causal connectivity between four states of consciousness: awake (AWA), deep sedation (SED), loss (LOC) and return of consciousness (ROC) by gathering full 10/20 system human EEG data in ten healthy male subjects. The target-controlled drug infusion was started at low rate with subsequent gradual stepwise increases at 10 min intervals in order to carefully approach LOC (defined as loss of motor responsiveness to a verbal stimulus). The direction of the causal EEG-network connections clearly changed from AWA to SED and LOC. Propofol induced a decrease (p = 0.002–0.004) in occipital-to-frontal rPDC of 8-16 Hz EEG activity and an increase (p = 0.001–0.040) in frontal-to-occipital rPDC of 10–20 Hz activity on both sides of the brain during SED and LOC. In addition, frontal-to-parietal rPDC within 1–12 Hz increased in the left hemisphere at LOC compared to AWA (p = 0.003). However, no significant changes were detected between the SED and the LOC states. The observed decrease in back-to-front EEG connectivity appears compatible with impaired information flow from the posterior sensory and association cortices to the executive prefrontal areas, possibly related to decreased ability to perceive the surrounding world during sedation. The observed increase in the opposite (front-to-back) connectivity suggests a propofol concentration dependent association and is not directly related to the level of consciousness per se.
The Political Economy of Economic Reforms in Argentina

In 1989, Argentina entered a process of sweeping transformation of its economic institutions which provided for the (temporary) recovery of economic growth and the taming of inflation. The Argentine experience with market-oriented reforms has been regarded by the literature as a salient case of radical and 'unconstrained' reform. Yet, a closer scrutiny portrays that the building and maintenance of a pro-"reform coalition determined the pace, depth and characteristics of the 'new economic institutions'. The idiosyncrasies of Argentina's political institutions, in turn, conditioned this coalition-building strategy. The same idiosyncrasies were at play in the 2001/2002 collapse of the convertibility regime and ensuing social and political chaos.
Analysis and Comparison of Attainable Hardware Acceleration in All Programmable Systems-on-Chip

Zynq-7000 devices from Xilinx incorporate a dual-core processing unit running software, programmable logic that can be customized to implement different hardware circuits, and interfaces enabling interactions and data exchange between software and hardware components to be provided. Such devices permit complete solutions for embedded systems to be integrated on a chip. The paper compares different types of Zynq-based systems and studies communications between the processing unit and the programmable logic. Thorough evaluation of the available on-chip high-performance interfaces is done based on the results of numerous experiments. Two types of projects that are data sorters and popcount computations were chosen for particular assessments. We found that efficiency of software/hardware solutions depends on many mutually related factors such as the volume of processed data, applied parallelism, and involved high-performance ports. Concrete recommendations based on experiments and comparisons are given and discussed.
I NVESTING IN NATURAL CAPITAL – THE CASE OF FISHERIES

Two main problems can be identified in fisheries currently: overfishing and negative effects on ecosystems (including bycatch). Both result in a reduction in natural capital. In recent years a concept for a theory of sustainability was developed at our institute. Part of the work has been to develop a strategy in fisheries for creating sustainable use systems, which can be considered as "investments in natural capital". The paper starts with a short introduction to a layer model for a sustainability theory, a discussion of problems with the term ‘natural capital' in natural resource use systems, and of the concept of safe biological limits, which derives from the precautionary approach in fisheries management. Afterwards the paper outlines a strategy for long-term fisheries management that introduces recovery plans while addressing the economic situation of fishermen. This management strategy also addresses options for reduced impacts of fisheries on marine ecosystems.