Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radiation induced effects on cephalosporins: an ESR study.

PURPOSE This paper reports experimental data on the ESR identification of four irradiated cephalosporins (cefpodoxime, cefsulodin, cefixime and ceftizoxime). MATERIALS AND METHODS Equations to describe the ESR curves versus the dose and storage time were developed using mathematical procedures. RESULTS Limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ), estimated on the basis of the S/N ratios are 1.0+/-0.5 kGy and 2.5+/-0.5 kGy respectively. The yield of free radicals are in the range 4.6 10(19) - 2.2 10(20) radicals mol(-1) (G values from 0.1 to 0.4). Besides a very unstable situation (cefsulodin), the time limit of detection of free radicals after storage ranges from about 1 year to over 2 years. These time intervals are comparable with the shelf-life of the antibiotics and to the time limits found for 10 other cephalosporins described previously. Apart from qualitative detection, ESR spectrometry can be used for dose estimation. Exponential loss of ESR signal (first-order reaction) correlates well with the data. CONCLUSION Given the sensitivity of ESR spectrometry, this experimental technique is promising for identification of irradiated cephalosporins.
The EPPS Norms: Reevaluation a Necessity

Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS) results from a 10 percent sample of the total undergraduate population at Colorado State College (CSC) (over the past 6 years) were compared with the original Edwards norms. Males differed significantly from the published Edwards norms on eight of fifteen variables; the female sample differed significantly on six of fifteen variables; and the total sample revealed significant differences on nine of fifteen psychological need variables. The study demonstrated that, even though the original EPPS had an excellent researchbase, a major revision of the Edwards norms is now warranted so that the EPPS may continue to be the successful counseling and assessment tool it has been in the past.
Effect of a Coach’s Regulatory Focus and an Individual’s Implicit Person Theory on Individual Performance

Consistent with the arguments of regulatory focus theory, an experiment revealed that a promotion coaching orientation relative to a prevention coaching orientation had a more positive effect on the performance of recipients following coaching. Moreover, in support of regulatory fit theory, a prevention coaching orientation had a more positive effect on the performance of recipients with implicit fixed beliefs about ability than for those with implicit incremental beliefs. The robustness of these results was supported through replication in a lagged, correlation field study of employees in the production facility of a global company. In addition, in the field study, there was a significant additive component in the effects for promotion-oriented coaching, due to better regulatory fit for employees with incremental beliefs.
Causes of natural variation in fitness: Evidence from studies of Drosophila populations

Significance The extent and causes of genetic variation have been debated for 60 y. This paper synthesizes evidence from studies of DNA sequence variability in Drosophila and from experiments on the quantitative genetics of fitness components. Two major conclusions emerge. First, a class of mutations with relatively large fitness effects contributes importantly to both the overall effect of new mutations on fitness components and to standing variation. These mutations are not detected in analyses of sequence variability. Second, a large fraction of variability in fitness components must be maintained by selection rather than reflecting deleterious variants introduced by mutation. These results imply that both approaches to the study of natural variation are needed to obtain a complete understanding of its causes. DNA sequencing has revealed high levels of variability within most species. Statistical methods based on population genetics theory have been applied to the resulting data and suggest that most mutations affecting functionally important sequences are deleterious but subject to very weak selection. Quantitative genetic studies have provided information on the extent of genetic variation within populations in traits related to fitness and the rate at which variability in these traits arises by mutation. This paper attempts to combine the available information from applications of the two approaches to populations of the fruitfly Drosophila in order to estimate some important parameters of genetic variation, using a simple population genetics model of mutational effects on fitness components. Analyses based on this model suggest the existence of a class of mutations with much larger fitness effects than those inferred from sequence variability and that contribute most of the standing variation in fitness within a population caused by the input of mildly deleterious mutations. However, deleterious mutations explain only part of this standing variation, and other processes such as balancing selection appear to make a large contribution to genetic variation in fitness components in Drosophila.
The Effects of Web-Assisted Learning on Students' Anxiety

As increasing amounts of study materials migrate onto the Web, a future is now conceivable in which using the Web for studying will be the most common method of studying. However, there is the suggestion that using the Internet can evoke specific types of anxiety in novice adult students. This study investigated the effects of using the Web to study on the anxiety levels of students who have used the Web regularly for at least six months and considered themselves familiar with it. The subjective anxiety levels of two groups of 30 postgraduate students were recorded immediately before and after using either the Web or a non-Web-based medium for studying. The group that used the Web recorded significantly higher anxiety levels than those who did not. The implication of this finding and possible solutions are discussed.
Advanced Method for Predicting Lifetime of NAND Memory Data Retention Using Long term (1 Year) Characterization

In the actual storage situation of NAND solution products, the power managing and periodic read operations occur before data storage. Since these operations cause various situation of initial fail bits, it was considered to include these operations in the low temperature data retention (LTDR) evaluation to provide accurate lifetime prediction. An extrapolate method using the power-law relationship is used to predict LTDR lifetime. To increase the accuracy of this method, a calculation method for classifying the characteristics of the initial fail bit of NAND has been proposed.
Isomorphism of graph classes related to the circular-ones property

We give a linear-time algorithm that checks for isomorphism between two 0-1 matrices that obey the circular-ones property. Our algorithm is similar to the isomorphism algorithm for interval graphs of Lueker and Booth, but works on PC trees, which are unrooted and have a cyclic nature, rather than with PQ trees, which are rooted. This algorithm leads to linear-time isomorphism algorithms for related graph classes, including Helly circular-arc graphs, Γ circular-arc graphs, proper circular-arc graphs and convex-round graphs.
Estrogen Inhibits Fetal Thymocyte Development In Vitro

PROBLEM: Transient involution of the maternal thymus in mice is known to occur during pregnancy. We have previously reported that the hormone responsible for this involution is estrogen. Interestingly, although estrogen crosses the placenta, fetal thymus gland enlarges with advancing gestational age. It is not known if fetal thymocytes are resistant to estrogen or if there are other factors that prevent estrogen from exerting an effect on the development of fetal thymocytes. Therefore we studied the effect of estrogen on isolated fetal thymic glands in vitro.
Mental Representation of Literary Characters as a Distinct Aspect of Response to Literature

This article investigates mental representations of literary characters and their relations with other aspects of response to literature and age, gender, and expertise. A Saga chapter and the beginning of a contemporary novel were presented to 16 participants from each of three age groups (13 years, 17 years, adults) equally divided by gender and expertise level. After having evaluated the texts with rating scales, participants were interviewed on the main character of each text. The similarity between participants’ answers was computed and used for a cluster analysis. Four clusters (representation types) were identified for one character and five for the other. Character representation was affected by age but not by expertise and gender, and was unrelated to other aspects of response to literary text. Explicit ratings of the texts, instead, were affected by expertise. Theoretical and educational implications are discussed.
Immigrants, Undocumented Workers, Runaways, Transients and the Homeless: Towards Contextual Identification Among Unidentified Decedents

Abstract The pool of persons who go missing and subsequently become part of the unidentified population is predominately adult, male, underrepresented minorities, foreign-born individuals, and people from at-risk groups. In particular, a growing obstacle to the identification of unidentified decedents (UIDs) is the increase of foreign-born immigrants, including migrant workers and undocumented persons in the United States. Increasingly, individuals of foreign-born nationality are an important component in UID cases as there may not be access to information about who is missing, personal data about the decedent, nor family members available to aid the identification process. The demographic structures, mobility patterns, and contextual factors about unidentified cases are compared to those who have been identified. Data comes from both solved and open cases from forensic anthropology laboratories at the University of South Florida, the C.A. Pound Human Identification Laboratory at the University of Florida, the Forensic Data Bank maintained at The University of Tennessee, and the Medical Examiner's Offices of Georgia. Recommendations for policy are further discussed, such as the application of population-based research strategies that account for biological and cultural variation related to identification parameters; the development of a bilingual searchable databases with anonymous information submittal capabilities; and the incorporation of biological information about the decedent along with possible biological traits and personal or cultural artifacts, such as descriptions and photographs of personal effects, tattoos, and facial approximations, into searchable Web-based databases that facilitate the monumental task of identifying UID in a way that is appropriate given the population in question.
Student Engagement Patterns over the Duration of Level 1 and Level 3 Geography Modules: Influences on Student Attendance, Performance and Use of Online Resources

Greater flexibility in delivery resulting from increased use of e-learning will inevitably change the way university students approach studying. Recent studies have examined relationships between attendance, online learning and performance but findings are inconclusive. One concern is that an unintended consequence of placing lecture resources online may be increased absenteeism possibly leading to decrease in performance. This study explores patterns of student engagement across two geography courses. Findings corroborate the importance of attendance as a predictor of performance, demonstrate how assessment influences study behaviour, particularly online, and provide evidence for a need for integrated blended learning designs.
ACUTE AND CHRONIC ENTEROTOXIN ENTERITIS

1. Dogs develop severe gastrointestinal symptoms in response to intraintestinal administration of staphylococcal enterotoxin. These symptoms are salivation, vomiting, and diarrhea. 2. Staphylococcal enterotoxin induces acute enteritis marked by edema, hyperemia, round cell infiltration, mucosal exudation, and destruction of intestinal villi. 3. Prolonged administration of enterotoxin into the lumen of the intestine produced thickening of the entire bowel wall, edema, dilatation of the lymphatics, and exaggeration of submucous lymphoid nodules. The hypertrophy of the lymphoid nodules is visible, in the gross, as enlarged longitudinal mucosal ridges. This abnormality is arranged in skip areas, not dissimilar to those observed in human regional enteritis. 4. Chronic enterotoxin enteritis is associated with mesenteric lymph node hypertrophy. 5. The intestinal mucosa shows minute ulcerations, loss of villi, submucous fibrosis, and evidence of chronic inflammation.
A Longitudinal Examination of the Relationship Between Team Leadership and Performance

The use of teams is ubiquitous and appears to be increasing in contemporary organizations. Teams allow individuals to work together and integrate their diverse knowledge and skills to deal with strategic and operational challenges confronting their organizations. In present study, the authors seek to advance scholarly knowledge on team leadership. They adopt a dynamic approach by collecting longitudinal data from teams competing in a simulated athletic footwear industry. In doing so, they examine the impact of team leadership on performance, as well as the impact of performance on subsequent team leadership, and they examine the mediating role of cohesion and conflict in the relationship between team leadership and performance. They use partial least squares to analyze the data. Finally, they discuss research and practical implications and highlight future research directions.
Microglia Gone Rogue: Impacts on Psychiatric Disorders across the Lifespan

Microglia are the predominant immune response cells and professional phagocytes of the central nervous system (CNS) that have been shown to be important for brain development and homeostasis. These cells present a broad spectrum of phenotypes across stages of the lifespan and especially in CNS diseases. Their prevalence in all neurological pathologies makes it pertinent to reexamine their distinct roles during steady-state and disease conditions. A major question in the field is determining whether the clustering and phenotypical transformation of microglial cells are leading causes of pathogenesis, or potentially neuroprotective responses to the onset of disease. The recent explosive growth in our understanding of the origin and homeostasis of microglia, uncovering their roles in shaping of the neural circuitry and synaptic plasticity, allows us to discuss their emerging functions in the contexts of cognitive control and psychiatric disorders. The distinct mesodermal origin and genetic signature of microglia in contrast to other neuroglial cells also make them an interesting target for the development of therapeutics. Here, we review the physiological roles of microglia, their contribution to the effects of environmental risk factors (e.g., maternal infection, early-life stress, dietary imbalance), and their impact on psychiatric disorders initiated during development (e.g., Nasu-Hakola disease (NHD), hereditary diffuse leukoencephaly with spheroids, Rett syndrome, autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)) or adulthood (e.g., alcohol and drug abuse, major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia, eating disorders and sleep disorders). Furthermore, we discuss the changes in microglial functions in the context of cognitive aging, and review their implication in neurodegenerative diseases of the aged adult (e.g., Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s). Taking into account the recent identification of microglia-specific markers, and the availability of compounds that target these cells selectively in vivo, we consider the prospect of disease intervention via the microglial route.
The education of ethnic minorities in Beijing

Abstract This article investigates the operations of minority schools, and the subsequent on-the-ground experiences of ethnic minorities in Beijing at the primary, secondary and tertiary levels. The article suggests that the ‘inter-sectionality’ of ethnic identities, particularly minority-majority, rich-poor and urban-rural, must be factored in when examining the varying differences between minorities who have graduated from Beijing's minority schools and non-Beijing ethnic minorities, who have enrolled in the capital city's universities. The article draws upon recent statistical data, interviews with minority actors and public stakeholders, and participant observation in the city's schools and universities.
Sentence processing in high proficient Kannada–English bilinguals: a reaction time study

The present study aimed at exploring the semantic and syntactic processing differences between native and second languages in 20 early high proficient Kannada–English bilingual adults through accuracy and reaction time (RT) measurements. Subjects participated in a semantic judgement task (using 50 semantically correct and 50 semantically incorrect sentences) and a syntactic judgement task (using 50 syntactically correct and 50 syntactically incorrect sentences) in both Kannada and English. The stimuli were presented through DMDX software and the subjects were asked to respond by pressing keys in the DMDX software. The accuracy and RTs were measured and compared within and between languages. Results revealed that accuracy rate was better in L1 than in L2 for all three types of sentences, while the overall speed of processing was better in L2 than in L1 across three types of sentences. Results also revealed that participants processed semantic violations with greater accuracy and speed of processing compared to syntactic violations. These results support the good enough approach to language processing which assumes that the sentence processing takes place at shallow level. The results are discussed in relation to the factors such as age of second language acquisition, proficiency levels and exposure levels in bilinguals.
Factors Affecting the Diffusion of Solar Water Disinfection: A Field Study in Bolivia

This study examines a broad array of theory-based factors derived from diffusion research that affect the current and intended use of solar water disinfection (SODIS), a simple, low-cost technology for treating drinking water at the household level. The perceived attributes of an innovation, the nature of the social system in which it is diffused, the extent of change agents' promotional efforts in diffusing it, and the nature of the communication channels used were operationalized by 16 variables. The aim of the study is to determine the influence of each factor and its predictive power. Eight areas in Bolivia were visited, and 644 families were interviewed on the basis of a structured questionnaire. Simultaneous multiple regression analysis showed that 9 of the 16 factors derived from diffusion research contributed significantly to predicting the current use of SODIS. The implications of the findings for customizing future SODIS diffusion activities are outlined.
Promoting Inclusion Through Instructional Leadership: The Roles Of the Secondary School Principal

Learning is the core purpose, the quintessential mission of schools and schooling. Learning and its sundry issues also present problems and questions for school leaders: Who can learn? What can they learn? How should opportunities for learning be structured? To whom should such opportunities be directed? These questions are fundamental to the issue of inclusion in schools.
Looking forward: rethinking professional learning through partnership arrangements in Initial Teacher Education

We draw on evidence gathered from teachers who had responsibility for initial teacher education in their schools as part of training partnership arrangements with universities, in order to examine how they are working within their schools and with their higher education partners. Evidence consisted of questionnaire returns from 60 teachers, interviews with six of these and analyses of partnership documentation. Analyses revealed that many of the schools were working with more than one higher education institution and that some schools were increasingly seeing teacher training as a set of practices which were school‐led and which therefore reduced the disruption to schools that may arise in school‐based training. With this as a background we then use the lenses of activity theory and findings from two recent studies which have examined boundary crossing in other aspects of schools’ work to interrogate the dataset and to consider the implications of multiple partnership arrangements for future developments in the professional learning of both student teachers and teacher‐mentors; and links between schools and universities.
Maximization theory in behavioral psychology

Abstract Maximization theory, which is borrowed from economics, provides techniques for predicing the behavior of animals - including humans. A theoretical behavioral space is constructed in which each point represents a given combination of various behavioral alternatives. With two alternatives - behavior A and behavior B - each point within the space represents a certain amount of time spent performing behavior A and a certain amount of time spent performing behavior B. A particular environmental situation can be described as a constraint on available points (a circumscribed area) within the space. Maximization theory assumes that animals always choose the available point with the highest numerical value. The task of maximization theory is to assign to points in the behavioral space values that remain constant across various environmental situations; as those situations change, the point actually chosen is always the one with the highest assigned value. Maximization theory is an alternative to reinforcement theory as a description of steady-state behavior. Situations to which reinforcement theory has been directly applied (such as reinforcement of rats pressing levers and pigeons pecking keys in Skinner boxes) and situations to which reinforcement theory has occasionally been extended (such as human economic behavior and human self-control) can be described by maximization theory. This approach views behavior as a quantitative outcome of the interaction of the putative instrumental response, the reinforcer, and the other activities available in the situation. It provides new insight into these situations and, because it takes context into account, has greater predictive power than reinforcement theory.
Unicompartmental Elbow Replacement: Development of a Lateral Replacement Elbow (LRE) Arthroplasty

ABSTRACT Postmortem studies have shown that advanced degenerative changes occur in the radiocapitellar (lateral) compartment of elbow joints in elderly subjects in whom the humeroulnar (medial) compartment remains well preserved. We have observed a similar pattern of degenerative change in younger symptomatic patients undergoing arthroscopic debridement procedures or open arthrolysis. We have found that the clinical improvement obtained by these procedures is unpredictable, and persisting rest pain is a problem. We therefore recognized the need to develop prosthetic components with which to replace or resurface the articular surfaces of the lateral compartment of the elbow. The resulting lateral resurfacing elbow arthroplasty began clinical evaluation in September 2005 and to date has been inserted into 44 elbows (43 patients). The purpose of this article is to outline the design rationale, describe the surgical technique, and present the early results of the lateral resurfacing elbow arthroplasty. Our early experiences have broadened our indications for surgery beyond patients with primary osteoarthritis and now include patients with secondary osteoarthritis due to trauma or rheumatoid disease.