Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Minimally Invasive Plating of the Distal Tibia: Do We Really Sacrifice Saphenous Vein and Nerve? A Cadaver Study

Objective: To investigate the risk of saphenous nerve (SN) and great saphenous vein (GSV) injury during percutaneous screw placement of the 3.5/4.5 LCP Distal Tibial Metaphyseal Plate and the 3.5-mm LCP Medial Distal Tibia Plate with tab in distal tibias of cadaver extremities. Methods: Thirty-one unpaired (1 fresh and 30 formalin fixed) adult cadaveric lower extremity specimens were dissected. Using the principles of minimally invasive plating, a 3.5/4.5 LCP Distal Tibial Metaphyseal Plate was implanted in 16 extremities and a 3.5-mm LCP Medial Distal Tibia Plate with tab in the remaining 15 extremities. Injuries to or any evidences of direct contact with the SN or GSV were recorded. Additionally, the shortest distances of each hole to the main branches of these anatomic structures were measured. Results: The risk of injury to the SN and GSV was higher in holes 4, 5, and 6 when using the 3.5/4.5 LCP Distal Tibial Metaphyseal Plate and in holes 3, 5, and 8 when using the 3.5-mm LCP Medial Distal Tibia Plate. Conclusions: The SN and GSV are at high risk for injury during percutaneous screw placement of the 3.5/4.5 LCP Distal Tibial Metaphyseal Plate and the 3.5-mm LCP Medial Distal Tibia Plate at the distal tibia. Careful dissection in the stab incisions down the plate, atraumatic placement of the drill sleeves, and protection of the soft tissues during screw insertion might decrease the risk of injury to the SN and GSV.
Treating Test Anxiety in Students With Learning Diffic ulties: An Exploratory Study

The current exploratory study examined nine individual case studies to better understand the process of test anxiety and test anxiety treatment through students with and without learning difficulties. Select students participated in a nine-week test anxiety reduction treatment program that used progressive muscle relaxation and systematic desensitization to help them improve their levels of anxiety while studying, their efficiency while studying, their overall degree of academic competency, and their grade point averages.
Clinical and neurophysiological features of active convulsive epilepsy in rural Kenya: a population based study

Purpose—Epilepsy is common in sub-Saharan Africa but is poorly characterized. Most studies are hospital-based, and may not reflect the situation in rural areas with limited access to medical care. We examined people with active convulsive epilepsy (ACE), to determine if the clinical features could help elucidate the causes. Methods—We conducted a detailed descriptive analysis of 445 people with ACE identified through a community-based survey of 151,408 people in rural Kenya, including the examination of electroencephalograms. Results—Approximately half of the 445 people with ACE were children or adolescents. Seizures began in childhood in 78% of those diagnosed. An episode of status epilepticus was recalled by 36% cases, with an episode of status epilepticus precipitated by fever in 26%. Overall 169 had an abnormal electroencephalogram, 29% had focal features, 34% had epileptiform activity. In the 146 individuals who reported generalised tonic-clonic seizures only, 22% had focal features on their electroencephalogram. Overall 71% of patients with ACE had evidence of focal abnormality, documented by partial onset seizures, focal neurological deficits or focal abnormalities on the electroencephalogram. Increased seizure frequency was strongly associated with age and cognitive impairment in all ages and non-attendance at school in children (p < 0.01). Discussion—Children and adolescents bear the brunt of epilepsy in a rural population in Africa. The predominance of focal features and the high proportion of patients with status epilepticus, Author for Correspondence: Professor Charles Newton, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya, cnewton@kilifi.kemri-wellcome.org Fax: +254 41 522390. Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest None of the authors has any conflict of interest to disclose in connection with this paper. Europe PMC Funders Group Author Manuscript Epilepsia. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 October 07. Published in final edited form as: Epilepsia. 2010 December ; 51(12): 2370–2376. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010. 02653.x. E uope PM C Fuders A uhor M ancripts E uope PM C Fuders A uhor M ancripts suggests that much of the epilepsy in this region has identifiable causes, many of which could be prevented.
Trans Men’s Positive Emotions

The current study used grounded theory methods to analyze trans men’s positive emotions. The sample included 11 participants who were assigned a female sex at birth and currently identify with a binary male identity. Results yielded eight positive emotion themes emerging for trans men, which included the following: confidence, comfort, connection, feeling alive, amazement, pride, happiness, and interpersonal reactionary emotions. Participants reported specific gender experiences within these themes, including a sense of brotherhood, excitement related to taking testosterone, authentic pride in identifying as a man, and happiness connected to others using correct gender language (e.g., pronouns, family labels, greetings). A theoretical model from the eight themes and 39 higher order categories emerged, indicating the importance of initial internal emotions, confidence related to trans men’s identity processes, and the ways in which positive interpersonal interactions affect positive emotions. Implications include using emotion-focused therapy and including more positivity into trans individuals’ experiences and emotions.
Effects of Campus Culture on Students' Critical Thinking

This study examines how campus culture is related to the development of students' abilities to think critically by analyzing qualitative data gathered at four strategically chosen case study institutions. Three elements are influential: the nature of an institution's epistemological orientation; its ability to instill responsibility and self-reflection in students; and fostering social and political awareness in them.
Cogn itive Distraction an d Wom en 's Sex ual Functionin g

Past research on the role of cognitive distraction in sexual dysfunction typically has focused on males and has been conducted in the laboratory using artificial stimuli. In the current study, young adult women (N = 74) with coital experience completed questionnaires regarding cognitive distraction and their sexuality. Those women who reported greater cognitive distraction during sexual activity with a partner also reported relatively lower sexual esteem, less sexual satisfaction, less consistent orgasms, and higher incidence of pretending orgasm even after the women’s general affect, sexual desire, general self-focus, general sexual attitudes, and body dissatisfaction were statistically controlled. Results are discussed with regard to directions for future research and implications for sex therapy.
Relationships among Preservice Teachers' Technology-Related Abilities, Beliefs, and Intentions to Use Technology in Their Future Classrooms

This study investigated relationships among students' technology-related abilities, beliefs, and intentions. Participants were 217 preservice teachers who responded to post-course surveys. Value beliefs were the best predictor of their intentions to use a variety of software and their intentions regarding frequency of technology use with students in their future classrooms. Self-efficacy for technology integration also contributed to the prediction of intentions to use a variety of software, and technological abilities contributed to the prediction of intentions regarding frequency of future technology use. Constructivist beliefs were moderately correlated with self-efficacy and value beliefs, as well as with both types of intentions. The results highlight the importance of relationships between preservice teachers' beliefs and their potential integration of technology in their future classrooms.
Further refinement and validation of the revised test anxiety scale

The purpose of this study was to provide additional validity data concerning the four dimensions and precision of the Revised Test Anxiety Scale (RTA) with a new sample of American and Egyptian examinees. The RTA was developed based on combining nonredundant items from the Test Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, Gonzalez, Taylor, Algaze, & Anton, 1978) and the Reactions To Tests scale (I. Sarason, 1984) in an effort to produce a psychometrically efficient and valid measure of test anxiety for multinational samples. The dimensionality of the RTA was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis and cross‐validated. In addition, several new items were tested to improve the precision of each of the four dimensions. A 20‐item RTA resulted, which upon cross‐validation showed stability of the dimensionality and parameter estimates with adequate precision.
Multinational Firms: Easy Come, Easy Go?

It is often argued that countries with more flexible labor markets are better placed in attracting inward investment from multinational firms (MNEs). This is an issue when there is uncertainty in the marketplace and the firm faces some risk of closure of its branch plant. We study the MNE's location choice, explicitly taking into account exit, as well as entry, costs. We show that worker protection, through lay-off rules, deters potential investment in risky industries. Using evidence on MNE investment in Eastern Europe, we find support for our prediction that labor-market flexibility makes a location more attractive to the MNE.
The end of Swedish exceptionalism? Citizenship, neoliberalism and the politics of exclusion

Sweden, where some 20 per cent of the population is either foreign born or second generation, has long been known internationally as the model of a tolerant, egalitarian, multicultural welfare state, which extended substantial citizenship, welfare and labour rights to all within its borders, including immigrants. However, under the twin pressures of neoliberalism and the EU’s commitment to ‘managed migration’, this Swedish exceptionalism has been, and continues to be, substantially eroded. The shortcomings of the earlier multicultural settlement of the 1960s and 1970s, a growing extremist populism, the growth of an unprotected, semi-clandestine sector of the labour market, combined with high levels of youth unemployment and urban segregation, have led to unprecedented rioting and violence in Swedish cities. The voices of minority ethnic youth, many of them Muslim, should be heeded as rejecting the exclusivism of current political trends.
Contextual and personal motor experience effects in judo referees' decisions.

We studied the influence of contextual factors and the referees’ own motor experience on the quality of their perceptual judgments. The theoretical framework combined the social cognition approach with the embodied cognition, and enabled us to determine whether judgments were biased or not by using a combination of contextual and internal factors. Sixty fully-qualified and aspiring judo referees were tested in a video-based decision-making task in which they had to decide when to stop the ground contact phase. The decision task differed depending on whether one contestant dominated the other or whether they were equal in the prior phase. Results indicated that the referees’ motor experience influenced perceptual judgments and interacted with contextual factors, enhancing the need for a combination of social and embodied cognition to explain biases in referees’ judgments. Practical considerations were discussed in this paper, such as, whether referees need recent motor experience and how this could influen.
Student Engagement, Peer Social Capital, and School Dropout Among Mexican American and Non-Latino White Students

Policy makers are especially concerned about persistently high dropout rates among U.S. Latinos, the largest minority population in the United States. This study used a national longitudinal database to show that the behavioral and social aspects of schooling are dynamically linked in the process of school completion and dropout among Mexican American and non-Latino white adolescents. In contrast to the tendency of academically disengaged students to develop street-oriented friendships, students who are involved in school tend to befriend others who also make schooling a priority. Thus, student engagement influences competing friendship networks in a manner that contributes to the completion of school. Furthermore, engagement behaviors and school-oriented friendship networks have the potential to reduce dropout rates. To their social and educational detriment, however, Mexican American students appear to be less engaged in unorganized academic endeavors and formally sponsored extracurricular activities than are white students. The results of this study support policies that combine targeted educational and social reforms to bolster school completion among Mexican origin youths.
Job demands and health complaints in white and blue collar workers.

BACKGROUND General health in the working population is thought to depend on working conditions. OBJECTIVE This survey studied job demands and health complaints in working white and blue collar employees. We expect physical and psychological job demands to be differentially distributed among white and blue collar workers. Do they report health complaints consistent with their working conditions? METHOD Cross-sectional study of 323 white and 383 blue collar workers. They completed the Basic Occupational Health Questionnaire, a valid and reliable self-report questionnaire about health, work and working conditions. The results were analysed using Chi-square and logistic regression analysis, controlling for educational level as a proxy of socioeconomic status. RESULTS The questionnaires of 280 white and 251 blue collar workers were suitable for analysis. White collar workers reported higher psychological job demands, and blue collar workers reported higher physical demands. In both occupational groups, low back pain, fatigue and upper respiratory complaints were most common. The rates of low back pain and pain in the lower extremity were higher in blue collar workers, as were regular headaches, pain in the cardiac region and feeling sleepy. However, these relationships substantially weakened when the educational level was adjusted for. CONCLUSIONS Despite the differential distribution of job demands, white and blue collar workers reported similar health complaints. Health in the working population depended predominantly on socioeconomic status. Interventions to improve general health of employees should be directed at their socioeconomic position instead of working conditions.
Fostering hope: a leader's first and last task

Purpose – The purpose of the article is to call upon educational leaders to consider the forces that hinder hope‐giving and to consider viewing their work as inspiring warranted hope among their constituents in situations of well‐defined reality.Design/methodological/approach – The author argues that hope is an essential component of leader agency which when unhindered and defined in a multidimensional fashion may be used to transform the experiences of learning communities.Findings – The author argues that leaders who foster warranted hope in constituents will gain transformational leverage to improve educational practice and the experiences of learners and their communities.Practical implications – The author provides leaders with an overview of the utility of a reality‐based notion of hope that may serve to legitimate and focus constituent energies and make sense of key organizational challenges.Originality/value – Provides a unique framing and synthesis of the multi‐dimensional concept of hope into th.
Alfaxalone Anaesthesia Facilitates Electrophysiological Recordings of Nociceptive Withdrawal Reflexes in Dogs (Canis familiaris)

Naturally occurring canine osteoarthritis represents a welfare issue for affected dogs (Canis familiaris), but is also considered very similar to human osteoarthritis and has therefore been proposed as a model of disease in humans. Central sensitisation is recognized in human osteoarthritis sufferers but identification in dogs is challenging. Electromyographic measurement of responses to nociceptive stimulation represents a potential means of investigating alterations in central nociceptive processing, and has been evaluated in conscious experimental dogs, but is likely to be aversive. Development of a suitable anaesthetic protocol in experimental dogs, which facilitated electrophysiological nociceptive withdrawal reflex assessment, may increase the acceptability of using the technique in owned dogs with naturally occurring osteoarthritis. Seven purpose bred male hound dogs underwent electromyographic recording sessions in each of three states: acepromazine sedation, alfaxalone sedation, and alfaxalone anaesthesia. Electromyographic responses to escalating mechanical and electrical, and repeated electrical, stimuli were recorded. Subsequently the integral of both early and late rectified responses was calculated. Natural logarithms of the integral values were analysed within and between the three states using multi level modeling. Alfaxalone increased nociceptive thresholds and decreased the magnitude of recorded responses, but characteristics of increasing responses with increasing stimulus magnitude were preserved. Behavioural signs of anxiety were noted in two out of seven dogs during recordings in the acepromazine sedated state. There were few significant differences in response magnitude or nociceptive threshold between the two alfaxalone states. Following acepromazine premedication, induction of anaesthesia with 1–2 mg kg-1 alfaxalone, followed by a continuous rate infusion in the range 0.075–0.1 mg kg-1 min-1 produced suitable conditions to enable assessment of spinal nociceptive processing in dogs, without subjecting them to potentially aversive experiences. This methodology may be appropriate for obtaining electrophysiological nociceptive withdrawal reflex data in client-owned dogs with naturally occurring osteoarthritis.
Relation between Reaction Time and Movement Time in College Wrestlers

Interrelationships among reaction time, movement time, and win-loss percentage were studied for 16 college wrestlers who executed a standard wrestling double-leg attack . 62 m in length. There was a significant correlation of . 64 between reaction time and movement time, which differed from the typical pattern of nonsignificant and significant but small correlations previously reported in reaction time-movement time studies of both athletes and nonathletes. This departure from the magnitude of correlation commonly reported between these variables (explained by Henry's theory of neuromotor specificity) was thought to be related to the fact that reaction time and movement time in wrestling movements are taught as a single, common response. Another finding of interest was a significant correlation (−.62) between movement time and win-loss record. This finding indicates that in this small group of wrestlers movement time played a more important role in their success than reaction time.
A missing piece of the workforce puzzle. The experiences of internationally qualified nurses in New Zealand: a literature review

Aim: To analyse the literature regarding the context and experiences of internationally qualified registered nurses, particularly Filipino and Indian nurses, who have transitioned to New Zealand. Background: Internationally qualified nurses are a significant proportion of the nursing workforce in many developed countries including New Zealand. This is increasingly important as populations age, escalating demand for nurses. Understanding the internationally qualified nurse experience is required as this could influence migration in a competitive labour market. Design: Examination of peer-reviewed research, policy and discussion documents, and technical reports. Method: A systematic literature search sought articles published between 2001 and 2014 using Google Scholar, CINAHL, and Medline. Articles were critically appraised for relevance, transferability, and methodological rigour. Results: Fifty-one articles met inclusion criteria and demonstrate internationally qualified nurses face significant challenges transitioning into New Zealand. Conclusion: The internationally qualified nurse experience of transitioning into a new country is little researched and requires further investigation.
Momentum or reversal after price shocks: The impact of information on stock returns

In recent years, researches on stock price behavior after factor driven major price shocks have raised more attention. In this paper, investors' under-reaction (overreaction) to information is regarded as an interpretation of momentum (reversal). Using analyst reports as a proxy, we compare post-event stock returns evolution of stocks with information and without information after major price shocks in Chinese Stocks Market. We use data of Hushen 300 index stocks from January 1, 2007 to June 30, 2012 to do empirical analysis, and show that price events are followed by drifts accompanied by either information or not. The results show that the impact of information on post-event returns is the same as the other drivers of price shocks, and the investor under-react to all price shock drivers.
Atmospheric Oxygen Inhibits Growth and Differentiation of Marrow‐Derived Mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells via a p53‐Dependent Mechanism: Implications for Long‐Term Culture Expansion

Large scale expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is routinely performed for clinical therapy. In contrast, developing protocols for large scale expansion of primary mouse MSCs has been more difficult due to unique aspects of rodent biology. Currently, established methods to isolate mouse MSCs select for rapidly dividing subpopulations that emerge from bone marrow cultures following long‐term (months) expansion in atmospheric oxygen. Herein, we demonstrate that exposure to atmospheric oxygen rapidly induced p53, TOP2A, and BCL2‐associated X protein (BAX) expression and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in primary mouse MSCs resulting in oxidative stress, reduced cell viability, and inhibition of cell proliferation. Alternatively, procurement and culture in 5% oxygen supported more prolific expansion of the CD45−ve/CD44+ve cell fraction in marrow, produced increased MSC yields following immunodepletion, and supported sustained MSC growth resulting in a 2,300‐fold increase in cumulative cell yield by fourth passage. MSCs cultured in 5% oxygen also exhibited enhanced trilineage differentiation. The oxygen‐induced stress response was dependent upon p53 since siRNA‐mediated knockdown of p53 in wild‐type cells or exposure of p53−/− MSCs to atmospheric oxygen failed to induce ROS generation, reduce viability, or arrest cell growth. These data indicate that long‐term culture expansion of mouse MSCs in atmospheric oxygen selects for clones with absent or impaired p53 function, which allows cells to escape oxygen‐induced growth inhibition. In contrast, expansion in 5% oxygen generates large numbers of primary mouse MSCs that retain sensitivity to atmospheric oxygen, and therefore a functional p53 protein, even after long‐term expansion in vitro. STEM CELLS 2012;30:975–987