Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does ADHD derive from dysfunction of Gray's behavioural inhibition system?

ADHD is a common childhood disorder that has been classified into three subtypes (ADHDI, ADHD-H and ADHD-C) but may involve a spectrum of symptoms. Deficits in executive functions have been considered to be a major source of the disability associated with ADHD. Impairments in behavioural inhibition fundamental to executive functions have been hypothesized as the core of ADHD symptoms (Barkley, 1997b; Quay, 1997). This thesis tests whether ADHD deficits derive from dysfunction of Gray’s Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS). It does so by assessing the differences between ADHD-I, ADHD-C and control groups in their Goal Conflict Specific Rhythmicity (GCSR), a biomarker of BIS function (McNaughton, 2014; McNaughton, Swart, Neo, Bates, & Glue, 2013). Two studies were undertaken, one in New Zealand (initial study) and one in Iran (main study). They demonstrated that ADHD-C showed GCSR activity, at the right frontal site F8, similar to that in control groups. However, ADHD-I showed less GCSR activity than controls – consistent with BIS dysfunction. ADHD-I symptoms such as low levels of attention and arousal could be due to BIS under activity. However, hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms in ADHD-C cannot be explained by BIS dysfunction as there was no evidence of abnormal BIS activity for ADHD-C in any of the studies. Behavioural Approach System (BAS) over-activity may better explain ADHD-C symptoms by producing a stronger tendency to approach and act. Given that ADHD-I differs from ADHD-C it follows that ADHD as a whole cannot be seen as a single homogenous entity, although both ADHD-I and ADHD-C may share a common factor. The distribution of GCSR, and other measures for the three diagnostic groups overlapped fairly strongly – supporting the concept of a multidimensional spectrum for ADHD symptoms rather than categorical divisions. ADHD-I and ADHD-C varied from the control to some extent in terms of the accuracy of responses and SSRTs. However, there was no difference between ADHD-I and ADHD-C regarding their behavioural outputs in the SST. Longer SSRTs for ADHD participants have been interpreted as action stopping problems that involve a different, anxiolytic insensitive, neural system from behavioural inhibition. This finding supports the idea of a common factor in ADHD-I and ADHD-C. Overall, both ADHD-I and ADHD-C share action stopping problems reflected by SSRTs. BAS abnormality might produce some ADHD-C symptoms. BIS abnormality might produce some ADHD-I symptoms. This thesis shows that BIS deficiencies are not sufficient to account for all cases of ADHD as hypothesized by Quay (1997).
Silent vs vocalized articulation for a portable ultrasound-based silent speech interface

Silent Speech Interfaces have been proposed for communication in silent conditions or as a new means of restoring the voice of persons who have undergone a laryngectomy. To operate such a device, the user must articulate silently. Isolated word recognition tests performed with fixed and portable ultrasound based silent speech interface equipment show that systems trained on vocalized speech exhibit reduced performance when tested on silent articulation, but that training with silently articulated speech allows to recover much of this loss.
Identification with privacy protection based on data hiding

In many problems such as biometrics, multimedia search and retrieval, recommendation systems requiring privacy-preserving similarity computations and identification, some binary features are stored in the public domain or outsourced to the third parties that might raise certain privacy concerns about the original data. To avoid this privacy leak, privacy protection is used. In the most cases, the privacy protection is uniformly applied to all binary features resulting in the data degradation and corresponding loss of performance. To avoid this undesirable effect we propose a new privacy amplification technique that is based on data hiding principles and benefits from side information about bit reliability a.k. a. soft fingerprinting. In this paper, we investigate the identification rate vs. privacy-leak trade-off. The analysis is performed for the cause of perfect match between the side information shared between the encoder and decoder as well as for the case of partial side information.
Hint-Based Execution of Workloads in Clouds with Nefeli

Infrastructure-as-a-Service clouds offer entire virtual infrastructures for distributed processing while concealing all physical underlying machinery. Current cloud interface abstractions restrict users from providing information regarding usage patterns of their requested virtual machines (VMs). In this paper, we propose Nefeli, a virtual infrastructure gateway that lifts this restriction. Through Nefeli, cloud consumers provide deployment hints on the possible mapping of VMs to physical nodes. Such hints include the collocation and anticollocation of VMs, the existence of potential performance bottlenecks, the presence of underlying hardware features (e.g., high availability), the proximity of certain VMs to data repositories, or any other information that would contribute in a more effective placement of VMs to physical hosting nodes. Consumers designate only properties of their virtual infrastructure and remain at all times agnostic to the cloud internal physical characteristics. The set of consumer-provided hints is augmented with high-level placement policies specified by the cloud administration. Placement policies and hints form a constraint satisfaction problem that when solved, yields the final VM-to-host placement. As workloads executed by the cloud may change over time, VM-to-host mappings must follow suit. To this end, Nefeli captures such events, changes VM deployment, helps avoid bottlenecks, and ultimately, improves the quality of the rendered services. Using our prototype, we examine overheads involved and show significant improvements in terms of time needed to execute scientific and real application workloads. We also demonstrate how power-aware policies may reduce the energy consumption of the physical installation. Finally, we compare Nefeli's placement choices with those attained by the open-source cloud middleware, OpenNebula.
Intraperitoneal Dexamethasone As A New Method for Relieving Postoperative Shoulder Pain after Gynecologic Laparoscopy

Background In this study, we tried to show the efficacy of Intraperitoneal dexamethasone on relieving shoulder pain after gynecologic laparoscopy. Materials and Methods In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 63 patients who were candidates for gynecologic laparoscopy were included. At the end of the procedure patients randomly received 16 mg dexamethasone (n=31) or placebo (n=32) intraperitoneally. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for clinical evaluation of pain severity during 24 hours after laparoscopy . A physician, who was not aware whether patients were treated with drug or placebo, evaluated the patients. Results The severity of pain in the dexamethasone group within 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 hours after procedure was significantly less than in the placebo group (p<0.001). The average consumption of opioids as analgesic/ sedative in the placebo group was more than the dexamethasone group (p=0.025). Conclusion Findings of this study show that the prescription of 16 mg of dexametha- sone (single dose) in the peritoneal cavity may significantly reduce the severity of pain after Laparoscopy in comparison with placebo and may decrease the need for narcotics as pain relief (Registration Number: IRCT201105306640N1).
Teachers’ Factor and Academic Performance of Primary Two Pupils with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Uyo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

The research investigated the teachers’ factors and academic performance of primary 2 pupils with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in private schools in Uyo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. In order to achieve the objectives of the study two hypotheses were formulated and tested. The sample consisted of 8 teachers and 92 primary 2 pupils with ADHD. These subjects were randomly selected from 8 out of the 80 existing private primary schools in Uyo Local Government Area. A researcher-developed instrument, ADHD checklist and an achievement test were used for gathering data for the study. The checklist and achievement tests were duly validated by experts and subjected to reliability test using Cronbach Alpha Coefficient and Kuder Richardson formula 21 Method. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used in analysing the data. Results reveal that teachers’ qualification and experience were significant. It is recommended that the study of learning disability should be included in the teacher training curriculum in private primary schools in Uyo Local Government to make teachers garner experience and expertise in handling special need children. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2016. v6n2p91
Newly found 2-N-acetyl-2,6-dideoxy-beta-glucopyranose containing methyl glucose polysaccharides in M.bovis BCG: revised structure of the mycobacterial methyl glucose lipopolysaccharides.

The specific mycobacterial methyl polysaccharides 3- O -methyl mannose polysaccharide (MMP) and the 6- O -methyl glucose lipopolysaccharides (MGLPs) were shown to modulate the fatty acid biosynthesis by the mycobacterial fatty acid synthetase I (FAS I). This activity is attributed to their fatty acid complexing properties allowing the release of the neo synthesized fatty acyl chain from the enzyme and probably their transport in the cell. To elucidate, at a molecular level, the mechanism of this unusual kind of polysaccharide-lipid biological interaction, we first analyzed, by mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, the structure of the polysaccharidic backbone (MGPs) of the MGLPs from Mycobacterium bovis BCG. This work reveals that this strain produces a new kind of MGP containing an unusual monosaccharide never described in the mycobacterial genus: a 2- N -acetyl-2,6-dideoxy-beta-glucopyranosyl. In addition,1H NMR data afforded evidence for the revision of three glycosidic linkages described previously. These modifications affect mainly the reducing end tetrasaccharide and have great consequences on the previously proposed molecular model of the MGP.
Patterns of subregional mesiotemporal disease progression in temporal lobe epilepsy

Objective: Evidence for disease progression in the mesiotemporal lobe is mainly derived from global volumetry of the hippocampus. In this study, we tracked progressive structural changes in the hippocampus, amygdala, and entorhinal cortex in drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy at a subregional level. Furthermore, we evaluated the relation between disease progression and surgical outcome. Methods: We combined cross-sectional modeling of disease duration in a large cohort of patients (n = 134) and longitudinal analysis in a subset that delayed surgery (n = 31). To track subregional pathology, we applied surface-shape analysis techniques on manual mesiotemporal labels. Results: Longitudinal and cross-sectional designs showed consistent patterns of progressive atrophy in hippocampal CA1, anterolateral entorhinal, and the amygdalar laterobasal group bilaterally. These regions also exhibited more marked age-related volume loss in patients compared with controls. We found a faster progression of hippocampal atrophy in patients with a seizure frequency ≥6 per month. High rates of contralateral entorhinal cortex atrophy predicted postsurgical seizure relapse. Conclusion: We observed progressive atrophy in hippocampal, amygdalar, and entorhinal subregions that frequently display neuronal loss on histology. The bilateral character of cumulative atrophy highlights the importance of early surgery. In patients who nevertheless delay this procedure, serial scanning may provide markers of surgical outcome.
Sparse Contextual Activation for Efficient Visual Re-Ranking

In this paper, we propose an extremely efficient algorithm for visual re-ranking. By considering the original pairwise distance in the contextual space, we develop a feature vector called sparse contextual activation (SCA) that encodes the local distribution of an image. Hence, re-ranking task can be simply accomplished by vector comparison under the generalized Jaccard metric, which has its theoretical meaning in the fuzzy set theory. In order to improve the time efficiency of re-ranking procedure, inverted index is successfully introduced to speed up the computation of generalized Jaccard metric. As a result, the average time cost of re-ranking for a certain query can be controlled within 1 ms. Furthermore, inspired by query expansion, we also develop an additional method called local consistency enhancement on the proposed SCA to improve the retrieval performance in an unsupervised manner. On the other hand, the retrieval performance using a single feature may not be satisfactory enough, which inspires us to fuse multiple complementary features for accurate retrieval. Based on SCA, a robust feature fusion algorithm is exploited that also preserves the characteristic of high time efficiency. We assess our proposed method in various visual re-ranking tasks. Experimental results on Princeton shape benchmark (3D object), WM-SRHEC07 (3D competition), YAEL data set B (face), MPEG-7 data set (shape), and Ukbench data set (image) manifest the effectiveness and efficiency of SCA.
Shaolin Dan Tian Breathing Fosters Relaxed and Attentive Mind: A Randomized Controlled Neuro-Electrophysiological Study

Neuro-electrophysiological studies on meditative breathing revealed its association with either a relaxed or an attentive state. The present study aimed to investigate whether the Shaolin Dan Tian Breathing (DTB) technique, which consists of the Passive and Active subtypes and can be considered as a relaxation exercise and Qigong, would induce both relaxed and attentive states. Twenty-two adults and 22 age-, gender- and education-matched controls received training on the Shaolin DTB (experimental group) and the progressive muscle relaxation respectively for one month. Eyes-closed resting EEG data before and immediately after each type of breathing were obtained individually at baseline and after one-month training. At baseline, the EEG changes after the Shaolin DTB between both groups were comparable. After one-month training, participants in the experimental, but not the control, group showed enhanced temporal alpha asymmetry (an index of relaxation and positive mood) after performing the Passive DTB for five minutes, and enhanced intra- and inter-hemispheric theta coherence (an index of attention and alertness) after performing the Active DTB. The present findings suggested a positive effect of the Shaolin DTB technique on enhancing human neural activity and connectivity, which may possibly enhance mood state and cognitive functions.
On the structure of optimal sets for tensor product channel

For a given quantum channel we consider two optimal sets of states, related to the Holevo capacity and to the minimal output entropy of this channel. Some properties of these sets as well as the necessary and sufficient condition for their coincidence are obtained. The relations between additivity properties for two quantum channels and the structure of the optimal sets for tensor product of these channels are considered. It turns out that these additivity properties are connected with the special hereditary property of the optimal sets for tensor product channel. We explore the structural properties of these optimal sets under two different assumptions. The first assumption means that for tensor product of two channels with arbitrary constraints there exists optimal ensemble with the product state average. It turns out that exactly this assumption guarantees hereditary property of the both optimal sets for tensor product channel and provides some observations concerning the additivity problems. The second assumption means additivity of the Holevo capacity for two channels with arbitrary constraints. It turns out that exactly this assumption guarantees strong hereditary property of the both optimal sets for tensor product channel and provides the natural "projective" relations between these sets and the optimal sets for single channels.
GPR142 Agonists Stimulate Glucose-Dependent Insulin Secretion via Gq-Dependent Signaling

GPR142 is an islet-enriched G protein-coupled receptor that has been investigated as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes by virtue of its insulin secretagogue activity. However, the signaling pathways downstream of GPR142 and whether its stimulation of insulin release is glucose-dependent remain poorly characterized. In this study, we show that both native and synthetic GPR142 agonists can activate Gq as well as Gi signaling when GPR142 is recombinantly expressed in HEK293 cells. However, in primary pancreatic islets, a native cellular system, the insulin secretagogue activity of GPR142 agonists only requires Gq activation. In addition, our results show that stimulation of insulin secretion by GPR142 in pancreatic islets is strictly glucose-dependent.
Multifractality Tests Using Bootstrapped Wavelet Leaders

Multifractal analysis, which mostly consists of measuring scaling exponents, is becoming a standard technique available in most empirical data analysis toolboxes. Making use of the most recent theoretical results, it is based here on the estimation of the cumulants of the log of the wavelet leaders, an elaboration on the wavelet coefficients. These log-cumulants theoretically enable discrimination between mono- and multifractal processes, as well as between simple log-normal multifractal models and more advanced ones. The goal of the present contribution is to design nonparametric bootstrap hypothesis tests aiming at testing the nature of the multifractal properties of stochastic processes and empirical data. Bootstrap issues together with six declinations of test designs are analyzed. Their statistical performance (significances, powers, and p-values) are assessed and compared by means of Monte Carlo simulations performed on synthetic stochastic processes whose multifractal properties (and log-cumulants) are known theoretically a priori. We demonstrate that the joint use of wavelet Leaders, log-cumulants, and bootstrap procedures enable us to obtain a powerful tool for testing the multifractal properties of data. This tool is practically effective and can be applied to a single observation of data with finite length.
Person Re-identification Using Haar-based and DCD-based Signature

In many surveillance systems there is a requirement todetermine whether a given person of interest has alreadybeen observed over a network of cameras. This paperpresents two approaches for this person re-identificationproblem. In general the human appearance obtained in onecamera is usually different from the ones obtained in anothercamera. In order to re-identify people the human signatureshould handle difference in illumination, pose andcamera parameters. Our appearance models are based onhaar-like features and dominant color descriptors. The AdaBoostscheme is applied to both descriptors to achieve themost invariant and discriminative signature. The methodsare evaluated using benchmark video sequences with differentcamera views where people are automatically detectedusing Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG). The reidentificationperformance is presented using the cumulativematching characteristic (CMC) curve.
Safe optimisations for shared-memory concurrent programs

Current proposals for concurrent shared-memory languages, including C++ and C, provide sequential consistency only for programs without data races (the DRF guarantee). While the implications of such a contract for hardware optimisations are relatively well-understood, the correctness of compiler optimisations under the DRF guarantee is less clear, and experience with Java shows that this area is error-prone. In this paper we give a rigorous study of optimisations that involve both reordering and elimination of memory reads and writes, covering many practically important optimisations. We first define powerful classes of transformations semantically, in a language-independent trace semantics. We prove that any composition of these transformations is sound with respect to the DRF guarantee, and moreover that they provide basic security guarantees (no thin-air reads) even for programs with data races. To give a concrete example, we apply our semantic results to a simple imperative language and prove that several syntactic transformations are safe for that language. We also discuss some surprising limitations of the DRF guarantee.
What Makes You Happy? Appreciating the Reasons that Bring Happiness to Argentine Children Living in Vulnerable Social Contexts

A growing body of research has documented factors that predict happiness in adults; however, studies on children's happiness have just begun. The aim of this study was to explore Argentine children's reasons for happiness. The sample included 120 children between the ages of 7 and 9 years (M = 8.03; SD = 0.72) who attended Argentine public schools. The Face Scale was used to evaluate how children assess happiness and a focused interview was conducted to obtain their spontaneous verbal descriptions of what made them happy. A content analysis was then conducted was after the interviews. Most of the children reckoned that family and friendships were the main sources of happiness. They also mentioned different kinds of activities as sources of happiness, like school, recreation and leisure activities, and owning and playing with pets. These findings may be useful for designing mental health programs aimed at promoting positive socio-emotional development during childhood.
Regularity and Predictability of Human Mobility in Personal Space

Fundamental laws governing human mobility have many important applications such as forecasting and controlling epidemics or optimizing transportation systems. These mobility patterns, studied in the context of out of home activity during travel or social interactions with observations recorded from cell phone use or diffusion of money, suggest that in extra-personal space humans follow a high degree of temporal and spatial regularity – most often in the form of time-independent universal scaling laws. Here we show that mobility patterns of older individuals in their home also show a high degree of predictability and regularity, although in a different way than has been reported for out-of-home mobility. Studying a data set of almost 15 million observations from 19 adults spanning up to 5 years of unobtrusive longitudinal home activity monitoring, we find that in-home mobility is not well represented by a universal scaling law, but that significant structure (predictability and regularity) is uncovered when explicitly accounting for contextual data in a model of in-home mobility. These results suggest that human mobility in personal space is highly stereotyped, and that monitoring discontinuities in routine room-level mobility patterns may provide an opportunity to predict individual human health and functional status or detect adverse events and trends.