Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fairness in Multiuser Systems With Polymatroid Capacity Region

For a wide class of multiuser systems, a subset of capacity region which includes the corner points and the sum-capacity facet has a special structure known as polymatroid. Multiple-access channels with fixed input distributions and multiple-antenna broadcast channels are examples of such systems. Any interior point of the sum-capacity facet can be achieved by time-sharing among corner points or by an alternative method known as rate-splitting. The main purpose of this paper is to find a point on the sum-capacity facet which satisfies a notion of fairness among the active users. This problem is addressed in two cases: (i) where the complexity of achieving interior points is not feasible, and (ii) where the complexity of achieving interior points is feasible. For the first case, the corner point for which the minimum rate of the active users is maximized is desired. A simple greedy algorithm is introduced to find such an optimum corner point. In addition, it is shown for single-antenna Gaussian multiple-access channels, the resulting corner point is leximin maximal with respect to the set of the corner points. For the second case, the properties of the unique leximin maximal rate vector with respect to the polymatroid are reviewed. It is shown that the problems of deriving the time-sharing coefficients or rate-splitting scheme to attain the leximin maximal vector can be solved by decomposing the problem into some lower dimensional subproblems. In addition, a fast algorithm to compute the time-sharing coefficients to attain a general point on the sum-capacity facet is presented.
Urban Development and Social Contingency: A Case Study of Urban Relocation in the Western Cape, South Africa

One of the axes of social transformation in the postapartheid state has been the provision of private property to low-income households. This paper examines the effects of opportunities for housing as residents of a shantytown in the Western Cape moved to formal houses in a new suburban housing development. It argues that residents are engaged in ongoing efforts to secure their visions of ideal domestic relations, and that it is important to see these in terms of efforts to consolidate social arrangements and the contingency and indeterminacy of human social arrangements as people struggle with available social conditions to shape lives that conform to differing ideals.
Mathematics Anxiety among Male and Female Students

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of anxiety level between male and female undergraduates at a private university in Malaysia. Convenient sampling method used in this study in which the students were selected based on the grouping assigned by the faculty. There were 214 undergraduates who registered the probability courses had participated in this study. Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (MARS) was the instrument used in study which used to determine students’ anxiety level towards probability. Reliability and validity of instrument was done before the major study was conducted. In the major study, students were given briefing about the study conducted. Participation of this study was voluntary. Students were given consent form to determine whether they agree to participate in the study. Duration of two weeks was given for students to complete the given online questionnaire. The data collected will be analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to determine the level of anxiety. There were three anxiety level, i.e., low, average and high. Students’ anxiety level was determined based on their scores obtained compared with the mean and standard deviation. If the scores obtained were below mean and standard deviation, the anxiety level was low. If the scores were at below and above the mean and between one standard deviation, the anxiety level was average. If the scores were above the mean and greater than one standard deviation, the anxiety level was high. Results showed that both of genders were having average anxiety level. Among low, average and high anxiety level, frequency of males were found to be higher as compared to females. Hence, the mean values obtained for males (M = 3.62) was higher than females (M = 3.42). In order to be significant of anxiety level among the gender, the p-value should be less than . 05. The p-value obtained in this study was . 117. However, this value was greater than . 05. Thus, there was no significant difference of anxiety level among the gender. In other words, there was no relationship of anxiety level with the gender. Keywords—Anxiety level, gender, mathematics anxiety, probability and statistics.
The Education of Children in Care.

Summary This article summarizes the NFER research report, provisionally titled The Education of Children in Care (Fletcher‐Campbell, F.J. and Hall, C., Windsor: NFER‐NELSON, forthcoming.). In particular, it considers the project's key findings, which suggest ways in which the education of children in care might be better managed.
Percepción social de la conducta de los españoles en materia medioambiental

En esta investigación se examina la relación entre la conducta individual de las personas y su percepción social sobre la conducta de los españoles en materia medioambiental dentro del marco teórico de los sesgos cognitivos de falso consenso y falsa unicidad. Se hizo uso de una encuesta realizada por el CIS (2005; estudio n.º 2590) sobre una muestra representativa de la población española formada por 2.490 participantes. Los resultados muestran que las personas cuya frecuencia de comportamientos proambientales resultó ser moderada mostraron una clara tendencia a atribuir a los españoles esa misma frecuencia en su comportamiento pro-ambiental. Sin embargo, aquellos cuyo comportamiento pro-ambiental resultó ser más extremo, debido a una alta frecuencia de conductas pro-ambientales, mostraron una tendencia a atribuir un comportamiento distinto del suyo. Estas personas se consideraron como diferentes del resto de la población. Además, se encontró que las diferencias en la percepción social del comportamiento de los españoles en materia medioambiental están asociadas con percepciones diferentes del deterioro ambiental y de la preocupación hacia el medio ambiente.
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Induces Neutrophil Apoptosis through the p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients

Background Reduced neutrophil apoptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is involved in neutrophil apoptosis. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25VitD3) can induce tumor cell apoptosis. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of 1α,25VitD3 on peripheral blood neutrophil apoptosis in AECOPD and examine the role of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Methods The study enrolled 36 AECOPD patients and 36 healthy volunteers. Venous blood samples were obtained from both groups. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-(OH) D) levels in peripheral venous blood were assayed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS); the neutrophils were separated and cultured with SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor) and 1α,25VitD3. Neutrophil apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry, and phospho-p38 MAPK protein expression was detected by Western blot. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance. Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used for the between-group differences and correlation analysis, respectively. Results The 25-(OH) D levels were lower in AECOPD patients than in healthy controls, and the peripheral blood neutrophil apoptosis results were similar. 1α,25VitD3 increased the apoptosis rate and the level of phospho-p38 MAPK in peripheral blood neutrophils of AECOPD patients. SB203580 partly inhibited 1α,25VitD3-induced peripheral blood neutrophil apoptosis and phospho-p38 MAPK overexpression. The 25-(OH) D levels were positively correlated with increased peripheral blood neutrophil apoptosis and phospho-p38 MAPK levels. In addition, expression of the phospho-p38 MAPK protein was also positively correlated with peripheral blood neutrophil apoptosis. Conclusion Our results suggest that 1α,25VitD3 induces peripheral blood neutrophil apoptosis through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in AECOPD patients.
Unexpected Capacity To Stimulate Specific Block Phagosome Maturation and Shows Fails To Mycobacterium tuberculosis Dormant

Francesco Lozupone, Stefania Meschini and Roberto NisiniRaffaela Teloni, Federico Giannoni, Maurizio Fraziano, Sabrina Mariotti, Manuela Pardini, Maria Cristina Gagliardi,http://www.jimmunol.org/content/191/1/274doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.12029002013;J Immunol€2013; 191:274-282; Prepublished online 3 JuneMaterialSupplementary0.DC1. htmlhttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/suppl/2013/06/03/jimmunol.120290Referenceshttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/191/1/274.full#ref-list-1This article cites 55 articles, 19 of which you can access for free at: Subscriptionshttp://jimmunol.org/subscriptionsInformation about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: Permissionshttp://www.aai. org/ji/copyright.htmlSubmit copyright permission requests at: Email Alertshttp://jimmunol.org/cgi/alerts/etocReceive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at:
A paradox of brokenness to strength : an interpretive phenomenological analysis of factors influencing looked after children's identity development

Looked after children (LAC) are some of the most vulnerable and socially excluded in society (McParlin, 1996). This qualitative study aims to explore LAC perceptions of the development of self and/or identity, and to address critique about previous research being ‘atheoretical’. Literature on ‘identity’ and ‘stigma from a variety of different perspectives are drawn on to provide a lens through which LAC experiences can be understood. A constructivist-interpretive approach was used, with semi-structured, face to face interviews as the method of data collection. Seven interviews (aged 13-17) were conducted, which were recorded and transcribed, with an Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis of data performed (Smith, Flowers & Larkin, 2009). The five superordinate themes that resulted from the IPA of the data were: Theme 1: SHATTERED SELF; Theme 2: FEELING DIFFERENT; Theme 3: DANCE WITH STIGMA; Theme 4: PIVOTAL MOMENTS AND MEANING MAKING; and Theme 5: RE-ESTABLISHING IDENTITY AND TURNING TOWARDS THE FUTURE. These themes are discussed in relation to extant literature and theoretical approaches to identity development and stigma. Results indicated that being taken into care profoundly disrupted a pre-existing identity and removed continuity and coherence in participants’ lives. For many of the young people, once they had entered care, they experienced daily struggles with themselves and others. Analysis revealed a sense of brokenness as well as transformation with many reporting personal growth as a result of their journey. The findings also highlight the importance of ‘meaning making’ in determining a more advanced identity development. Practical applications to the role of the EP and limitations are discussed with some suggestions for further research
Genetic structure of populations and conservation issues relating to an endangered catfish, Clarias batrachus, in India

Abstract The Asian catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758), is a highly valued species endemic to India that is currently in drastic decline in most of its natural habitat. The present study was undertaken to document the genetic structure of populations of this species using mitochondrial DNA markers, specifically from the cytochrome B and D-loop regions. Specimens from eight wild populations were collected and analyzed from different regions in India. The genetic variation within and among populations was evaluated using a range of descriptive statistics. The analysis described here provides a broad and consistent view of population structure and demographic history of populations of C. batrachus. Although there was some genetic structuring consistent with regional differences, all eight populations examined here showed relatively low levels of genetic variation in terms of both haplotype and nucleotide diversities in the different analyses used. However, a number of private haplotypes were discovered, and this may provide valuable information for future selective breeding program and conservation management. The results may aid in the design and implementation of strategies for the future management of this endangered catfish C. batrachus in India.
Fluid Limits for Shortest Remaining Processing Time Queues

We consider a single-server queue with renewal arrivals and i.i. d. service times in which the server uses the shortest remaining processing time policy. To describe the evolution of this queue, we use a measure-valued process that keeps track of the residual service times of all buffered jobs. We propose a fluid model (or formal law of large numbers approximation) for this system and, under mild assumptions, prove the existence and uniqueness of fluid model solutions. Furthermore, we prove a scaling limit theorem that justifies the fluid model as a first-order approximation of the stochastic model. The state descriptor of the fluid model is a measure-valued function whose dynamics are governed by certain inequalities in conjunction with the standard workload equation. In particular, these dynamics determine the evolution of the left edge (infimum) of the state descriptor's support, which yields conclusions about response times. We characterize the evolution of this left edge as an inverse functional of the initial condition, arrival rate, and service time distribution. This characterization reveals the manner in which the growth rate of the left edge depends on the service time distribution. By considering varying examples, the authors show that the rate can vary from logarithmic to polynomial.
Young Children’s Divergent Movement Ability: Study II

Young children’s (N = 50) divergent movement ability (DMA), which is one aspect of critical thinking in physical education, was examined in this study. Treatment Group A received 20 physical education lessons based on skill themes using indirect teaching styles (n = 16). Twenty lessons based on low-organized games content using direct teaching styles were provided to Treatment Group B (n = 17). No treatment was provided to the control subjects in Group C (n = 17). No significant DMA pretest differences were determined, and the independent variables (i.e., gender, intelligence, creativity, and background of movement experience) examined were not significantly related to subjects’ pretest DMA. A two-way ANOVA and post hoc Scheffe test revealed that Group A’s posttest DMA scores were significantly higher than those for either Group B or Group C, F(2, 47) = 11.7, p < . 0001. Young children’s ability to generate different movement patterns (i.e., DMA), therefore, was significantly improved in response to employ.
A Case of Simultaneous Unilateral Anterior and Posterior Stafne Bone Defects

Stafne bone defects (SBDs) are asymptomatic mandibular lingual bone depressions mainly caused by soft tissue inclusions. The most common form of SBDs is posterior; the anterior variant of SBD is relatively uncommon. Although posterior SBD is easily diagnosed by the unique location on radiography, anterior SBD is sometimes misdiagnosed and confused with other pathological entities owing to the location. We report herein a case of simultaneous unilateral anterior and posterior SBDs. In the present case, definitive diagnosis for the anterior mandibular cavity was unclear, as in reported cases. Surgical exploration was thus performed for the lesion in the anterior mandibular cavity. Pathologic examination of the removed tissue showed salivary gland with chronic inflammation. Postoperatively, no functional disturbance has been observed. Management of the posterior SBD was conservative, with radiographic follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first report of simultaneous unilateral anterior and posterior SBDs.
Measuring patient engagement: development and psychometric properties of the Patient Health Engagement (PHE) Scale

Beyond the rhetorical call for increasing patients' engagement, policy makers recognize the urgency to have an evidence-based measure of patients' engagement and capture its effect when planning and implementing initiatives aimed at sustaining the engagement of consumers in their health. In this paper, authors describe the Patient Health Engagement Scale (PHE-scale), a measure of patient engagement that is grounded in rigorous conceptualization and appropriate psychometric methods. The scale was developed based on our previous conceptualization of patient engagement (the PHE-model). In particular, the items of the PHE-scale were developed based on the findings from the literature review and from interviews with chronic patients. Initial psychometric analysis was performed to pilot test a preliminary version of the items. The items were then refined and administered to a national sample of chronic patients (N = 382) to assess the measure's psychometric performance. A final phase of test-retest reliability was performed. The analysis showed that the PHE Scale has good psychometric properties with good correlation with concurrent measures and solid reliability. Having a valid and reliable measure to assess patient engagement is the first step in understanding patient engagement and its role in health care quality, outcomes, and cost containment. The PHE Scale shows a promising clinical relevance, indicating that it can be used to tailor intervention and assess changes after patient engagement interventions.
SPLASH: An Interactive Visualisation Tool for Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Simulations

Abstract This paper presents SPLASH, a publicly available interactive visualisation tool for Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations. Visualisation of SPH data is more complicated than for grid-based codes because the data are defined on a set of irregular points and therefore requires a mapping procedure to a two dimensional pixel array. This means that, in practise, many authors simply produce particle plots which offer a rather crude representation of the simulation output. Here we describe the techniques and algorithms which are utilised in SPLASH in order to provide the user with a fast, interactive and meaningful visualisation of one, two and three dimensional SPH results.
Regulation of Fatty Acid Oxidation in Mouse Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes during Maturation and Modulation by PPAR Agonists

Fatty acid oxidation is an important energy source for the oocyte; however, little is known about how this metabolic pathway is regulated in cumulus-oocyte complexes. Analysis of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation showed that many are regulated by the luteinizing hormone surge during in vivo maturation, including acyl-CoA synthetases, carnitine transporters, acyl-CoA dehydrogenases and acetyl-CoA transferase, but that many are dysregulated when cumulus-oocyte complexes are matured under in vitro maturation conditions using follicle stimulating hormone and epidermal growth factor. Fatty acid oxidation, measured as production of 3H2O from [3H]palmitic acid, occurs in mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes in response to the luteinizing hormone surge but is significantly reduced in cumulus-oocyte complexes matured in vitro. Thus we sought to determine whether fatty acid oxidation in cumulus-oocyte complexes could be modulated during in vitro maturation by lipid metabolism regulators, namely peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) agonists bezafibrate and rosiglitazone. Bezafibrate showed no effect with increasing dose, while rosiglitazone dose dependently inhibited fatty acid oxidation in cumulus-oocyte complexes during in vitro maturation. To determine the impact of rosiglitazone on oocyte developmental competence, cumulus-oocyte complexes were treated with rosiglitazone during in vitro maturation and gene expression, oocyte mitochondrial activity and embryo development following in vitro fertilization were assessed. Rosiglitazone restored Acsl1, Cpt1b and Acaa2 levels in cumulus-oocyte complexes and increased oocyte mitochondrial membrane potential yet resulted in significantly fewer embryos reaching the morula and hatching blastocyst stages. Thus fatty acid oxidation is increased in cumulus-oocyte complexes matured in vivo and deficient during in vitro maturation, a known model of poor oocyte quality. That rosiglitazone further decreased fatty acid oxidation during in vitro maturation and resulted in poor embryo development points to the developmental importance of fatty acid oxidation and the need for it to be optimized during in vitro maturation to improve this reproductive technology.
Nutrition and gender.

The socially constructed gender roles of men and women interact with their biological roles to affect the nutrition status of the entire family and of each gender. Because of women’s cyclical loss of iron and their childbearing their nutrition status is particularly vulnerable to deficiencies in diet care and health or sanitation services. Moreover the nutrition status of newborns and infants is intimately linked with the nutrition status of the mother before during and after pregnancy. Women typically have limited access to land education information credit technology and decision making forums. They have the primary responsibility for child rearing and rely on developed social networks that act as an informal safety net for the family in times of crisis. When involved in formal employment they typically command lower remuneration rates than their male colleagues even when they hold the same skills. Because of their triple burden of productive reproductive and social roles women also tend to have less time to attend to their own needs leisure related or otherwise. Poor female nutrition early in life reduces learning potential increases reproductive and maternal health risks and lowers productivity. This situation contributes to women’s diminished ability to gain access to other assets later in life and undermines attempts to eliminate gender inequalities. In essence women with poor nutrition are caught in a vicious circle of poverty and undernutrition. (excerpt)
Espousing Apostasy and Feminism? Older and Younger British Female Apostates Compared

It has been acknowledged that white western men are more likely to leave their former religion behind (Altemeyer and Hunsberger, 1997, Zuckerman, 2012), or declare themselves of no religion (Brown and Lynch, 2012, Baker and Smith, 2009), than women (Beit-Hallahmi, 2007). But it has not been unknown for women, even in the past, both of the older and younger generations to do the same (Budd 1977; Schwarz 2010). This article, based on two small scale studies in the United Kingdom, considers a group of older and a group of younger women ‘apostates’, to determine what leads them to do this and examines whether developing a feminist orientation plays a role. Religious women in second wave feminism were often ignored, having been considered to have chosen patriarchy over feminism while there is some evidence that women with feminist attitudes are less likely to be religious (Redfern and Aune, 2013, 154, Furseth, 2010, 210). Data were subjected to inductive thematic analysis to determine overarching themes, while the three-fold typology of apostasy developed by Zuckerman (2012) allowed the authors to examine similarities and differences between older and younger women who choose to leave religion behind. They conclude reasons for apostasy are various, certainly not solely attributable to developing a feminist orientation.