Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of CHF Enhancement Mechanisms in a Curved, Rectangular Channel Subjected to Concave Heating

An experimental study was undertaken to examine the enhancement in critical heat flux (CHF) provided by streamwise curvature. Curved and straight rectangular flow channels were fabricated with identical 5.0 x 2.5 mm cross sections and heated lengths of 101.6 mm in which the heat was applied to only one wall--the concave wall (32.3 mm radius) in the curved channel and a side wall in the straight. Tests were conducted using FC-72 liquid with mean inlet velocity and outlet subcooling of 0.25 to 10 m s{sup {minus}1} and 3 to 29 C, respectively. Centripetal acceleration for curved flow reached 315 times earth`s gravitational acceleration. Critical heat flux was enhanced due to flow curvature at all conditions but the enhancement decreased with increasing subcooling. For near-saturated conditions, the enhancement was approximately 60% while for highly subcooled flow it was only 20%. The causes for the enhancement were identified as (1) increased pressure on the liquid-vapor interface at wetting fronts, (2) buoyancy forces and (3) increased subcooling at the concave wall. Flow visualization tests were conducted in transparent channels to explore the role of buoyancy forces in enhancing the critical heat flux. These forces were observed to remove vapor from the concave wallmore » and distribute it throughout the cross section. Vapor removal was only effective at near-saturated conditions, yielding the observed substantial enhancement in CHF relative to the straight channel. « less
Sources and Perceived Credibility of Vaccine-Safety Information for Parents

CONTEXT: The source of health information can have an impact on the manner and frequency of its use. In the arena of vaccine safety, a variety of sources promulgate information from very different perspectives. The spectrum runs from traditional sources such as public health officials and physicians to nontraditional sources, such as celebrities. OBJECTIVE: To assess what proportion of parents trust vaccine information from different sources and whether different groups of parents vary in their trust of such information. METHODS: In January 2009, as part of a larger study of parents and nonparents, 2521 online surveys were fielded to a nationally representative sample of parents of children aged ≤17 years. The main outcome measure was the source credibility of vaccine-safety information used by parents. RESULTS: The response rate was 62%. Parents reported trusting their children's doctor for vaccine-safety information most often (76% endorsed a lot of trust), followed by other health care providers (26%), government vaccine experts/officials (23%), and family and friends (15%). In contrast, celebrities were trusted a lot by 2% of the respondents and not at all by 76% of the respondents. Levels of trust in specific sources of vaccine-safety information varied significantly by gender (women > men) and race/ethnicity (Hispanics > other groups). CONCLUSIONS: Although most parents place a lot of trust in their child(ren)'s physician, parents' trust in non–health professional sources for such information should not be discounted. Those who design public health efforts to provide evidence-based information must recognize that different strategies may be required to reach some groups of parents who use other information sources.
The Attitudes and Awareness of the Teacher Candidates about Cultural Heritage

The purpose of this study is to determine of the teacher candidates’ attitudes and awareness levels towards culturalheritage and to ensure that the teacher candidates gain awareness of cultural heritage. The research is based on anexperimental model from quantitative research approaches and the population consists of teacher candidates who studyin Faculty of Education at Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University. Simple random sampling method was used to determinesample of the study. The data of the study was gathered with Personal Information Form and the Cultural HeritageAttitude Scale developed by Akbaba (2014). SPSS 22 program is used in the analysis of the data. According to theresults obtained, it is determined that gender, class and education status of the father are not effective in attitudes andawareness towards cultural heritage, whereas the undergraduate program and education of mother play an effectiverole. It has been determined that the educational trip has positively affected the transfer of cultural heritage,consciousness of cultural heritage and cultural heritage for the society.
Engaging with literacy provision in the early years: Language use and emergent literacy in child-initiated play

Pre-school children’s engagement with activities in child-initiated play is taken to be an important mediating factor in their learning. The adult’s role in supporting and enhancing children’s play is an area of significant study. However, how children play when play is child-initiated, and how this maps to our assumptions and expectations about the potential of opportunities on offer, is less well understood. This study reports findings of detailed observation of young children’s engagement with literacy provision during child-initiated play. The study showed that, despite rich provision, engagement was extremely limited. Equally significant are the findings from a functional analysis of the children’s language use during child-initiated play, which showed that the children made almost no use of Mathetic language – the language Halliday argues is necessary for learning, most notably the linguistic demands of formal schooling. These findings contribute to the nascent understanding of children’s access to playful learning opportunities that are provided for them in pre-school settings. These initial findings are stark and thus warrant further study.
Comparative Study of Three Feature Selection Methods for Regional Land Cover Classification Using MODIS Data

Selecting suitable features is very crucial for achieving successful classification of land cover types. This paper presents a comparative study of three typical feature selection methods for the task of regional land cover classification using MODIS data. Comparison results have shown that Branch and Bound is the best for land cover classification with MODIS data, while ReliefF and mRMR achieve nearly the same accuracies on the target application. The experimental results also show that it is necessary to conduct feature selection, which can reduce the computation cost largely, while the accuracy remains the same or even better.
Teacher Self-efficacy Research in English as Foreign Language Contexts : A Systematic Review

Teacher self-efficacy beliefs (TSE) are recognised as a key component of successful learning and teaching. However, this construct seems to be under-investigated in the field of language teaching. This systematic review aims to examine the state of English as a foreign language (EFL) TSE research published from 2002 to 2017. Twenty seven studies were included and reviewed in terms of (i) contexts, (ii) participants, (iii) focus, (iv) methodology, and (v) main findings. Results show that a quantitative approach was dominant among the reviewed studies, the majority of which took practicing teachers as their participants. Most of the studies were carried out in Middle Eastern countries, and there was a paucity of TSE research in other EFL contexts. TSE research in the area mainly focused on the influence of different factors on TSE, and correlations between TSE and teacher behaviours and emotion. However, there was a lack of evidence for the impact of EFL teacher self-efficacy on learner outcomes. The review also shows the dearth of TSE scales or research that examines EFL specific teaching tasks. Finally, the review provides some outline of directions for future EFL teacher self-efficacy research.
Generic representations of finitely generated groups on Fraisse structures

For finitely generated groups Γ and ultrahomogeneous countable relational structures M we study the space Rep(Γ,M) of all representations of Γ by automorphisms on M equipped with the topology it inherits seen as a closed subset of Aut(M). When Γ is the free group Fn on n generators this space is just Aut(M)n, but is in general significantly more complicated. We prove that when Γ is finitely generated abelian and M the random structure of a finite relational language or the random ultrametric space of a countable distance set there is a generic point in Rep(Γ, M), i.e., there is a comeagre set of mutually conjugate representations of Γ on M. This is analogous to results of Hrushovski, Herwig, and Herwig–Lascar for the case Γ = Fn.
Developmental differences in explicit and implicit conceptual memory tests: A processing view account

The present study addressed contradictory results in childhood literature about conceptual priming. Based on the processing view, two forms of conceptual priming were investigated across two experiments in children aged from 7 to 16: associative priming (using the free-association test) and relational (categorical) priming (using the categorical exemplar generation test) as well as their explicit memory measure counterparts (the associative-cued recall and the category-cued recall). Experiment 1 compared age differences in associative and relational (categorical) priming. Experiment 2 focused on relational (categorical) priming with manipulations of blocked/unblocked words per category. The results showed that (a) associative priming was unchanged in children aged from 7 to 16, whereas relational (categorical) priming improved from 7–9 to 13–16 years old, and (b) age differences in relational (categorical) priming still occurred under unblocked conditions and blocked condition, while age differences in explicit measures were reduced under blocked conditions. These findings were discussed in line with the debate between the system and processing view and in terms of knowledge and automaticity development.
Stereotype threat prevents perceptual learning

Stereotype threat (ST) refers to a situation in which a member of a group fears that her or his performance will validate an existing negative performance stereotype, causing a decrease in performance. For example, reminding women of the stereotype “women are bad at math” causes them to perform more poorly on math questions from the SAT and GRE. Performance deficits can be of several types and be produced by several mechanisms. We show that ST prevents perceptual learning, defined in our task as an increasing rate of search for a target Chinese character in a display of such characters. Displays contained two or four characters and half of these contained a target. Search rate increased across a session of training for a control group of women, but not women under ST. Speeding of search is typically explained in terms of learned “popout” (automatic attraction of attention to a target). Did women under ST learn popout but fail to express it? Following training, the women were shown two colored squares and asked to choose the one with the greater color saturation. Superimposed on the squares were task-irrelevant Chinese characters. For women not trained under ST, the presence of a trained target on one square slowed responding, indicating that training had caused the learning of an attention response to targets. Women trained under ST showed no slowing, indicating that they had not learned such an attention response.
Multichannel nonnegative tensor factorization with structured constraints for user-guided audio source separation

Separating multiple tracks from professionally produced music recordings (PPMRs) is still a challenging problem. We address this task with a user-guided approach in which the separation system is provided segmental information indicating the time activations of the particular instruments to separate. This information may typically be retrieved from manual annotation. We use a so-called multichannel nonnegative tensor factorization (NTF) model, in which the original sources are observed through a multichannel convolutive mixture and in which the source power spectrograms are jointly modeled by a 3-valence (time/frequency/source) tensor. Our user-guided separation method produced competitive results at the 2010 Signal Separation Evaluation Campaign, with sufficient quality for real-world music editing applications.
REDUCTIONS IN THE INCIDENCE OF CARE NEED IN WEST AND EAST GERMANY BETWEEN 1991 and 2003: COMPRESSION-OF-MORBIDITY OR POLICY EFFECT?

Abstract Is the increase in the share of the older population in Germany in-evitably connected with a parallel increase in frail people? We analysethe development of care need in West and East Germany between 1991and 2003 on the basis of longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic panel. A lower transition risk into care need for men existsin the period 1998-2003 as compared to the period 1991-1997. How-ever, we are not sure if this eﬀect is inﬂuenced by the introduction ofthe public Long-Term Care Need Insurance in 1995. Introduction The German population is aging. Between 2001 and 2050 the share of the popu-lation aged 60+ will increase from 24% to 37% and the share of over 80-year-oldswill even tripple from 3,9% to 12% (1). In 1950 this share of people aged 60+and 80+, respectively, was still 14% and 1,0% in West Germany and 16% and1,0% in East Germany. The assumptions from the Statistical Oﬃce concerninglife expectancy that underlie these projections must be seen as conservative. It isvery likely, that the life expectancy in Germany in 2050 is higher than currentlyassumed (2). Is an increase in the proportion of older people inevitably connected with anincrease of frail people? The following three hypotheses have been put forward:the expansion-of-morbidity hypothesis (3; 4; 5; 6), the compression-of-morbidityhypothesis (7) and the hypothesis of the dynamic equilibrium (8). No consistentpattern for all countries nor for time could be demonstrated, yet. Recent studies,however, generally draw a positive picture for various countries (9; 10; 11; 12; 13). For an international review about disability trends among elderly people see: (14;15; 16). While Jacobzone et al. (15) project a compression of morbidity in OECDcountries, Robine et al. (14) also point out, that a redistribution of the levels ofdisability took place - besides the decrease of the most severe levels, an increasein the prevalence of the less severe levels occurred. This would rather support thedynamic equilibrium hypothesis from Manton (ibid). This paper explores trends in the incidence of care need in Germany over theperiod 1991 to 2003 with data from the German Socio-Economic Panel. From thevarious disability measurements we chose care need, because we want to specifypeople who are dependent on the help of other people. However, we have to beaware that our results might be inﬂuenced by political changes regarding careduring that time. In April 1995 the Long-Term Care Insurance (LTCI; SocialStatutes XI - SGB XI)) was introduced in Germany. It allowed payments for homecare and from July 1996 also payments for nursing home care. 90% of the Germanpopulation are covered by this public insurance and about 9% by a private healthinsurance. Before that time care was primarily the responsibility of the family and
Quantifying Oldowan Stone Tool Production at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania

Recent research suggests that variation exists among and between Oldowan stone tool assemblages. Oldowan variation might represent differential constraints on raw materials used to produce these stone implements. Alternatively, variation among Oldowan assemblages could represent different methods that Oldowan producing hominins utilized to produce these lithic implements. Identifying differential patterns of stone tool production within the Oldowan has implications for assessing how stone tool technology evolved, how traditions of lithic production might have been culturally transmitted, and for defining the timing and scope of these evolutionary events. At present there is no null model to predict what morphological variation in the Oldowan should look like. Without such a model, quantifying whether Oldowan assemblages vary due to raw material constraints or whether they vary due to differences in production technique is not possible. This research establishes a null model for Oldowan lithic artifact morphological variation. To establish these expectations this research 1) models the expected range of variation through large scale reduction experiments, 2) develops an algorithm to categorize archaeological flakes based on how they are produced, and 3) statistically assesses the methods of production behavior used by Oldowan producing hominins at the site of DK from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania via the experimental model. Results indicate that a subset of quartzite flakes deviate from the null expectations in a manner that demonstrates efficiency in flake manufacture, while some basalt flakes deviate from null expectations in a manner that demonstrates inefficiency in flake manufacture. The simultaneous presence of efficiency in stone tool production for one raw material (quartzite) and inefficiency in stone tool production for another raw material (basalt) suggests that Oldowan producing hominins at DK were able to mediate the economic costs associated with stone tool procurement by utilizing high-cost materials more efficiently than is expected and low-cost materials in an inefficient manner.
A Path Analysis of Latino Parental, Teenager and Cultural Variables in Teenagers' Sexual Attitudes, Norms, Self-Efficacy, and Sexual Intentions

OBJECTIVE: to test a theoretical model based on the Parent-Based Expansion of the Theory of Planned Behavior examining relation between selected parental, teenager and cultural variables and Latino teenagers' intentions to engage in sexual behavior. METHOD: a cross-sectional correlational design based on a secondary data analysis of 130 Latino parent and teenager dyads. RESULTS: regression and path analysis procedures were used to test seven hypotheses and the results demonstrated partial support for the model. Parent familism and knowledge about sex were significantly associated with parents' attitudes toward sexual communication with their teenagers. Parent Latino acculturation was negatively associated with parents' self-efficacy toward sexual communication with their teenagers and positevely associated with parents' subjective norms toward sexual communication with their teenagers. Teenager knowledge about sex was significantly associated with higher levels of teenagers' attitudes and subjective norms about sexual communication with parents. Only the predictor of teenagers' attitudes toward having sex in the next 3 months was significantly associated with teenagers' intentions to have sex in the next 3 months. CONCLUSION: the results of this study provide important information to guide future research that can inform development of interventions to prevent risky teenager sexual behavior among Latinos.
6 THE EFFECTS OF SEISMIC SURVEYS ON MARINE MAMMALS

Sea Mammal Research Unit, Gatty Marine Laboratory, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK IFAW, 411 Main Street, Yarmouth Port, MA02675, USA Acoustic Research Laboratory, TMSI, Electrical Engineering Department, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260 4 Pelagos Cetacean Research Institute, Terpsichoris 21, 16671 VOULIAGMENI, GREECE Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB Aberdeen University, Zoology Department, Lighthouse Field Station, Cromarty, Ross-shire, IV11 8YJ, UK
Maltreatment of boys and the development of disruptive and delinquent behavior

Data from a longitudinal, inner-city community sample were used to examine the prevalence of child maltreatment in males and to relate this to disruptive and delinquent child behavior. By age 18 years, almost one fourth of the families had been referred to Children and Youth Services (CYS). Investigation by the CYS resulted in substantiated maltreatment of 10% of the participants, mostly for physical abuse and neglect. Almost all maltreatment was perpetrated by people living in the same house as the victim. Maltreatment was related to the boys progressing on three pathways in disruptive and delinquent behavior: authority conflict pathway, overt pathway, and covert pathway. Two thirds of the victims showed authority conflict problems, and almost all of the maltreated boys displayed behaviors characteristic of the overt and covert pathways. Victims, compared to matched controls, were more likely to have engaged in behaviors characteristic of the authority conflict and the overt pathways but less strongly engaged in behaviors associated with the covert pathway. Victims were also more likely than controls to have a referral to juvenile court. Most of the CYS contact tended to precede or co-occur with onset of overt and covert problem behavior, but about half of the onset of authority conflict behaviors tended to precede contact with CYS.
Identification and Characterization of a Novel Class of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase Inhibitors

In efforts to identify novel small molecules with anti-inflammatory properties, we discovered a unique series of tetracyclic indenoquinoxaline derivatives that inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nuclear factor-κB/activating protein 1 activation. Compound IQ-1 (11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one oxime) was found to be a potent, noncytotoxic inhibitor of pro-inflammatory cytokine [interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon-γ, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor] and nitric oxide production by human and murine monocyte/macrophages. Three additional potent inhibitors of cytokine production were identified through further screening of IQ-1 analogs. The sodium salt of IQ-1 inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 production in MonoMac-6 cells with IC50 values of 0.25 and 0.61 μM, respectively. Screening of 131 protein kinases revealed that derivative IQ-3 [11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one-O-(2-furoyl)oxime]was a specific inhibitor of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) family, with preference for JNK3. This compound, as well as IQ-1 and three additional oxime indenoquinoxalines, were found to be high-affinity JNK inhibitors with nanomolar binding affinity and ability to inhibit c-Jun phosphorylation. Furthermore, docking studies showed that hydrogen bonding interactions of the active indenoquinoxalines with Asn152, Gln155, and Met149 of JNK3 played an important role in enzyme binding activity. Finally, we showed that the sodium salt of IQ-1 had favorable pharmacokinetics and inhibited the ovalbumin-induced CD4+ T-cell immune response in a murine delayed-type hypersensitivity model in vivo. We conclude that compounds with an indenoquinoxaline nucleus can serve as specific small-molecule modulators for mechanistic studies of JNKs as well as a potential leads for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.
Morphologically Complex Words in L1 and L2 Processing: Evidence from Masked Priming Experiments in English.

This paper reports results from masked priming experiments investigating regular past-tense forms and deadjectival nominalizations with -ness and -ity in adult native (L1) speakers of English and in different groups of advanced adult second language (L2) learners of English. While the L1 group showed efficient priming for both inflected and derived word forms, the L2 learners demonstrated repetition-priming effects (like the L1 group), but no priming for inflected and reduced priming for derived word forms. We argue that this striking contrast between L1 and L2 processing supports the view that adult L2 learners rely more on lexical storage and less on combinatorial processing of morphologically complex words than native speakers.