Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prisons and Rural Pennsylvania Communities: Exploring the Health of the Relationship and the Possibility of Improvement

This article is part of a larger study that sought to measure community satisfaction with and perceptions about the economic impact of state correctional facilities located within four rural communities in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.The project culminated in the development of recommendations for policies that could benefit rural communities presently hosting, or considering hosting, a correctional institution. This article briefly discusses the relevant literature and the methodology used in the study and then presents and discusses policy recommendations in a rank ordering based on their relative importance. The goal of this research is to recommend policies that may improve the sometimes strained relationships between correctional institutions and their host communities.
Updating Australia ’ s high-quality annual temperature dataset

Torok and Nicholls (1996) produced a homogenised or ‘high-quality’ dataset of annual mean maximum and minimum temperature series for Australia. The primary purpose of this dataset was to enable the reliable monitoring of climate trends and variability at annual and decadal time-scales. Consequently, each station record was corrected for discontinuities caused by changes in site location and exposure, and other known data problems (Peterson et al. 1998). Such discontinuities can be as large, or larger than, Aust. Met. Mag. 53 (2004) 75-93
Children's reporting patterns after witnessing homicidal violence – the effect of repeated experience and repeated interviews

For both legal and clinical purposes, it is of importance to study children's memories and reports of stressful events. The present study investigated the reporting patterns of 83 children who had witnessed homicidal violence, which is considered to be a highly stressful experience. More specifically, we explored the possible effects of prior violence exposure and of repeated questioning on the amount of details reported. Results showed that the majority of children provided detailed reports about the homicidal violence they had witnessed, including details concerning what happened before, during, and after the violent act. The children provided detailed and vivid testimonies from their experiences, whether they witnessed the event for the first time or had prior experience of witnessing severe violence against the victim by the perpetrator. Children with no prior experience of repeated violence who underwent repeated interviews provided more details than those interviewed once. The present data indicate that children are competent witnesses when questioned in legal contexts after having been exposed to extremely stressful events. These findings have implications for research related to children's memories and reporting of traumatic experiences, as well as practical implications for future treatment and evaluation of children's testimonies.
Self-reconfiguration for Adaptive Furniture

Roombots are modular robots developed at the BIRG in EPFL. These robots have a much wider possibility of movement due to their three degrees of freedom than previous YaMoR[3] modules, a former modular robot previously used at the BIRG, and can be used for different tasks. One of these task is to be able to reconfigure themselves into different shapes of furniture. This project presents an algorithm for self-reconfiguration for roombots. It is based on the work of Masoud Asadpour[1] that builds an algorithm capable to define a list of actions that will reconfigure a group of YaMoR modules. His algorithm represents spacial configuration as graphs and uses graph edit distance and graph signature. This master project presents an adaptation of Asadpour’s algorithm for the roombot modules. It also extends Asadpour’s algorithm by changing the definition of a configuration.
Supporting Online Material Materials and Methods Figs. S1 to S6 Tables S1 to S4 References and Notes Scaling up Digital Circuit Computation with Dna Strand Displacement Cascades

and D. Stoebel for valuable discussions and helpful comments on the manuscript. R.E. L. will make the ancestral and evolved strains used in this study available to qualified recipients, subject to completion of a material transfer agreement that can be found at the strains constructed in this study available to qualified recipients. Competition experiment counts, summary input data, and analysis scripts that pertain to the experiments and analyses reported in this paper have been deposited at To construct sophisticated biochemical circuits from scratch, one needs to understand how simple the building blocks can be and how robustly such circuits can scale up. Using a simple DNA reaction mechanism based on a reversible strand displacement process, we experimentally demonstrated several digital logic circuits, culminating in a four-bit square-root circuit that comprises 130 DNA strands. These multilayer circuits include thresholding and catalysis within every logical operation to perform digital signal restoration, which enables fast and reliable function in large circuits with roughly constant switching time and linear signal propagation delays. The design naturally incorporates other crucial elements for large-scale circuitry, such as general debugging tools, parallel circuit preparation, and an abstraction hierarchy supported by an automated circuit compiler. T he power and mystery of life is entangled within the information processing at the heart of all cellular machinery. Engineering molecular information processing systems may allow us to tap into that power and elucidate principles that will help us to understand and appreciate the mystery. DNA is an excellent engineering material for biochemical circuits because its biological nature supports technological applications in vivo, its easy chemical synthesis facilitates practical experiments in vitro, its combinatorial structure provides sufficient sequence design space, and the Watson-Crick complementarity principle enables predictable molecular behavior. DNA has been used as a computing sub-strate since the first demonstration of solving a seven-city Hamiltonian path problem in 1994 (1) and has evolved away from competing with silicon to embedding control within molecular systems. Although DNA automata can be built with deoxyribozymes (2, 3) or with restriction enzymes (4), the introduction of toehold-mediated DNA strand displacement enabled enzyme-free DNA machinery that is automated by hybrid-ization alone (5–8). A DNA strand can serve as a signal when it is free, but is inhibited when it is bound to a complementary strand. A single-stranded DNA signal can first bind to a partially double-stranded complex by a single-stranded domain called a toehold, then release the originally …
The roles of FGF signaling in germ cell migration in the mouse

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is thought to play a role in germ cell behavior. FGF2 has been reported to be a mitogen for primordial germ cells in vitro, whilst combinations of FGF2, steel factor and LIF cause cultured germ cells to transform into permanent lines of pluripotent cells resembling ES cells. However, the actual function of FGF signaling on the migrating germ cells in vivo is unknown. We show, by RT-PCR analysis of cDNA from purified E10.5 germ cells, that germ cells express two FGF receptors: Fgfr1-IIIc and Fgfr2-IIIb. Second, we show that FGF-mediated activation of the MAP kinase pathway occurs in germ cells during their migration, and thus they are potentially direct targets of FGF signaling. Third, we use cultured embryo slices in simple gain-of-function experiments, using FGF ligands, to show that FGF2, a ligand for FGFR1-IIIc, affects motility, whereas FGF7, a ligand for FGFR2-IIIb, affects germ cell numbers. Loss of function, using a specific inhibitor of FGF signaling, causes increased apoptosis and inhibition of cell shape change in the migrating germ cells. Lastly, we confirm in vivo the effects seen in slice cultures in vitro, by examining germ cell positions and numbers in embryos carrying a loss-of-function allele of FGFR2-IIIb. In FGFR2-IIIb-/- embryos, germ cell migration is unaffected, but the numbers of germ cells are significantly reduced. These data show that a major role of FGF signaling through FGFR2-IIIb is to control germ cell numbers. The data do not discriminate between direct and indirect effects of FGF signaling on germ cells, and both may be involved.
Risk factors of asymptomatic restenosis in patients with first anterior ST elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

BACKGROUND The issue of predicting coronary artery restenosis, especially silent, in patients following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been extensively studied, however, risk factors have not been fully defined. AIM To asses the frequency of silent restenosis and its predictors in patients with anterior ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary PCI and implantation of bare metal stents (BMS). METHODS We recruited a cohort of 114 patients with first anterior STEMI treated with primary PCI within 12 hours of the onset of symptoms, and with the left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion (TIMI 0) and successful flow restoration (TIMI 3). A 12-lead ECG was performed before and 60 minutes after PCI. Troponin I and CK-MB were measured on admission and after six, 12 and 24 hours. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed at discharge. Resting TTE and coronary angiography were performed after a six month follow-up in asymptomatic patients. RESULTS The frequency of silent restenosis in our study group was 23.9%. The best multivariate models in logistic regression of restenosis prediction were: lower end-systolic volume of the left ventricle assessed two days after infarction longer lesion and smaller reference diameter of the stented vessel. CONCLUSIONS Silent restenosis in patients with first anterior STEMI treated by primary PCI with the use of BMS is still frequent. The best ways to identify patients with silent restenosis at six month follow-up, apart from the lower end systolic volume in the echocardiographic study, are longer narrowing in the infarct-related artery and lower reference diameter of the treated vessel.
Beyond Brainstorming: Effects of Different Group Procedures on Selection of Ideas and Satisfaction with the Process

Although previous research indicates that nominal groups generally outperform interactive groups at brainstorming tasks, companies still favor group interaction because of its presumed benefits beyond the brainstorming task. This study assesses the effectiveness of both types of groups in two domains that follow idea generation: selection of ideas and satisfaction with the process. Results indicate no superiority of interactive over nominal groups in these two domains. In addition, this study compares group effectiveness for groups selecting from their own sets of ideas and groups selecting ideas generated by another group.
Commentaries and Rejoinder to “The Dishonesty of Honest People”

In their clever and insightful article, Mazar, Amir, and Ariely (2008) propose that people balance two competing desires when deciding whether to behave dishonestly: the motivation for personal gain and the desire to maintain a positive self-concept. Their studies focus on the latter fac tor, showing that people behave dishonestly when it pays, but only to the extent that they can do so without violating their perception of themselves as honest. The research is innovative and important. It has already had an influence on policies dealing with conflicts of interest in medicine (Association of American Medical Colleges 2007) and, even before its own publication, has spawned significant follow-up research (Vohs and Schooler 2008). In our opinion, the main limitation of Mazar, Amir, and Ariely's article is not in the perspective it presents but rather in what it leaves out. Although it is important to understand the psychology of rationalization, the other fac tor that Mazar, Amir, and Ariely recognize but then largely ignore? namely, the motivation to behave dishonestly? is arguably the more important side of the dishonesty equation. The motivation side is especially important, in part because the propensity to rationalize is itself a function of the motivation to do so. Given sufficient motivation, people can persuade themselves of almost anything, including why behavior they normally would consider unethical is morally acceptable. Research on the self-serving fairness bias (for a summary, see Babcock and Loewenstein 1997) shows that people tend to conflate what is fair with what is in their per sonal interest, and the same is no doubt true of people's judgments of what is ethical. Given a sufficiently powerful motivation to commit an act of fraud, in general, people are more than capable of rationalizing why it does not conflict with their own ethical precepts. Furthermore, after people have taken the first step toward unethical behavior, a large body of research shows that subsequent steps into the abyss of immorality become progressively easier (e.g., Lifton 1986; Milgram 1963). HYPERMOTIVATION
Neutralizing Antibody Escape during HIV-1 Mother-to-Child Transmission Involves Conformational Masking of Distal Epitopes in Envelope

ABSTRACT HIV-1 variants transmitted to infants are often resistant to maternal neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), suggesting that they have escaped maternal NAb pressure. To define the molecular basis of NAb escape that contributes to selection of transmitted variants, we analyzed 5 viruses from 2 mother-to-child transmission pairs, in which the infant virus, but not the maternal virus, was resistant to neutralization by maternal plasma near transmission. We generated chimeric viruses between maternal and infant envelope clones obtained near transmission and examined neutralization by maternal plasma. The molecular determinants of NAb escape were distinct, even when comparing two maternal variants to the transmitted infant virus within one pair, in which insertions in V4 of gp120 and substitutions in HR2 of gp41 conferred neutralization resistance. In another pair, deletions and substitutions in V1 to V3 conferred resistance, but neither V1/V2 nor V3 alone was sufficient. Although the sequence determinants of escape were distinct, all of them involved modifications of potential N-linked glycosylation sites. None of the regions that mediated escape were major linear targets of maternal NAbs because corresponding peptides failed to compete for neutralization. Instead, these regions disrupted multiple distal epitopes targeted by HIV-1-specific monoclonal antibodies, suggesting that escape from maternal NAbs occurred through conformational masking of distal epitopes. This strategy likely allows HIV-1 to utilize relatively limited changes in the envelope to preserve the ability to infect a new host while simultaneously evading multiple NAb specificities present in maternal plasma.
Systemic and Cerebral Iron Homeostasis in Ferritin Knock-Out Mice

Ferritin, a 24-mer heteropolymer of heavy (H) and light (L) subunits, is the main cellular iron storage protein and plays a pivotal role in iron homeostasis by modulating free iron levels thus reducing radical-mediated damage. The H subunit has ferroxidase activity (converting Fe(II) to Fe(III)), while the L subunit promotes iron nucleation and increases ferritin stability. Previous studies on the H gene (Fth) in mice have shown that complete inactivation of Fth is lethal during embryonic development, without ability to compensate by the L subunit. In humans, homozygous loss of the L gene (FTL) is associated with generalized seizure and atypical restless leg syndrome, while mutations in FTL cause a form of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. Here we generated mice with genetic ablation of the Fth and Ftl genes. As previously reported, homozygous loss of the Fth allele on a wild-type Ftl background was embryonic lethal, whereas knock-out of the Ftl allele (Ftl-/-) led to a significant decrease in the percentage of Ftl-/- newborn mice. Analysis of Ftl-/- mice revealed systemic and brain iron dyshomeostasis, without any noticeable signs of neurodegeneration. Our findings indicate that expression of the H subunit can rescue the loss of the L subunit and that H ferritin homopolymers have the capacity to sequester iron in vivo. We also observed that a single allele expressing the H subunit is not sufficient for survival when both alleles encoding the L subunit are absent, suggesting the need of some degree of complementation between the subunits as well as a dosage effect.
Transition to Parenthood by Black Couples.

The present study replicates, using black parents, two earlier studies of the amount of difficulty reported by white parents in adjusting to their first infant. Mothers reported significantly more difficulty than fathers in adjusting to their infants, as had been found earlier with white parents and mean difficulty scores were slightly higher for black parents than for white parents. Of 15 potential predictor variables, postbirth marital satisfaction, age of self whether pregnancy was planned and/or desired, number of additional children desired, and preference for sex of baby were associated with fathers' adjustment to their first child, while age of self and age of baby were associated with adjustment by mothers. It was concluded that black parents' difficulties in adjusting to their first child were slightly greater than and somewhat different from difficulties reported in the prior studies of white parents, but their difficulties were not of crisis proportions.
Cholesteryl butyrate solid lipid nanoparticles as a butyric acid pro-drug: effects on cell proliferation, cell-cycle distribution and c-myc expression in human leukemic cells

Cholesteryl butyrate solid lipid nanoparticles (chol-but SLN) have been proposed as a pro-drug to deliver butyric acid. We compared the effects on cell growth, cell-cycle distribution and c-myc expression of chol-but SLN and sodium butyrate (Na-but) in the human leukemic cell lines Jurkat, U937 and HL-60. In all the cell lines 0.5 and 1.0 mM chol-but SLN provoked a complete block of cell growth. Cell-cycle analysis demonstrated in Jurkat cells that 0.25 mM chol-but SLN caused a pronounced increase of G2/M cells and a decrease of G0/G1 cells, whereas in U937 and HL-60 cells chol-but SLN led to a dose-dependent increase of G0/G1 cells, with a decrease of G2/M cells. In Jurkat and HL-60 cells 0.5 mM chol-but SLN induced a significant increase of sub-G0/G1 apoptotic cells. Cell growth and cell-cycle distribution were unaffected by the same concentrations of Na-but. A concentration of 0.25 mM chol-but SLN was able to cause a rapid and transient down-regulation of c-myc expression in all the cell lines, whereas 1 mM Na-but caused a slight reduction of c-myc expression only in U937 cells. The results show how chol-but SLN affects the proliferation pattern of both myeloid and lymphoid cells to an extent greater than the natural butyrate.
Aging Versus Stable Enduring Traits as Explanatory Constructs in Sex Offender Recidivism

This study investigates whether sex offenders' age at release from custody affects their likelihood of reoffending. The participants were 468 men with a mean follow-up (time at risk) of just more than 5 years after release. Items from the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide, the Sex Offender Risk Appraisal Guide, the Rapid Risk Assessment of Sexual Offense Recidivism, the Static-99, and the Minnesota Sex Offender Screening Test—Revised were coded. Results show that the predictive ability of items tapping antisocial behavior is inflated by their association with age at release, whereas the predictive ability of items tapping sexual deviance is diminished by that association. An assessment instrument comprising an age-corrected antisocial behavior scale, an age-corrected sexual deviance scale, and an age at release scale predicted recidivism as well as the best existing actuarial instruments. Cox regression analysis shows that age at release provided unique and significant predictive ability over and above age-corrected antisocial behavior and age-corrected sexual deviance combined.
The Discontinuous Functioning of the Human Operator in Pursuit Tasks 1

V SUMMARY Two experiments on spaced and massed learning have been performed. Five groups of 16 subjects each participated in the first experiment and learned mirror drawing on an apparatus slightly different from the ordinary star-pattern tracing sheet under five different forms of distribution of practice. I n the second experiment, 40 subjects learned four lists of II nonsense syllables each. One list was learned in 20 continuous trials, one list in ten trials with go-second intervals between successive trials, one in seven trials wlth 60-second intervals and one in five trials with 120-second intervals. All learnings in the second experiment took place in ten minutes. The results of both experiments showed: (I) that, with equal amount of practice, the spaced learning was more efficient than the massed, and ( 2 ) that, within equal duration of time, the massed practice, i.e. more practice, could reach the higher level of efficiency. The view is suggested that both time and practice have dual functions by the relationship of which the learning efficiency was mainly determined.
Pragmatists, Ideologues and the General Law of Curvilinear Disparity: The Case of the Irish Labour Party

In this article we examine the opinion structure of Irish Labour party members and supporters. Our purpose is to test May's law of curvilinear disparity by dividing party members into two groups as outlined by Kitschelt. By focusing on ideological differences within political parties Kitschelt identifies two types of members: ideologues and pragmatists. We use two individual-level data sets: the Labour Leadership Election Study (LLES) and the Irish National Election Study (INES), to test May's law. We find some limited support for May's law and Kitschelt's extensions to this model.