Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OUTFLOW VERSUS INFALL IN SPIRAL GALAXIES: METAL ABSORPTION IN THE HALO OF NGC 891

Gas accreting onto a galaxy will be of low metallicity while halo gas due to a galactic fountain will be of near-solar metallicity. We test these predictions by measuring the metal absorption line properties of halo gas 5 kpc above the plane of the edge-on galaxy NGC 891, using observations taken with HST/STIS toward a bright background quasar. Metal absorption lines of Fe ii, Mg ii, and Mg i in the halo of NGC 891 are clearly seen, and when combined with recent deep H i observations, we are able to place constraints on the metallicity of the halo gas for the first time. The H i line width defines the line broadening, from which we model opacity effects in these metal lines, assuming that the absorbing gas is continuously distributed in the halo. The gas-phase metallicities are [Fe/H] = −1.18 ± 0.07 and [Mg/H] = −0.23 + 0.36/ − 0.27 (statistical errors) and this difference is probably due to differential depletion onto grains. When corrected for such depletion using Galactic gas as a guide, both elements have approximately solar or even supersolar abundances. This suggests that the gas is from the galaxy disk, probably expelled into the halo by a galactic fountain, rather than from accretion of intergalactic gas, which would have a low metallicity. The abundances would be raised by significant amounts if the absorbing gas lies in a few clouds with thermal widths smaller than the rotational velocity of the halo. If this is the case, both the abundances and [Mg/Fe] would be supersolar.
69. Preparation Deficits in Parkinson's Disease

Twelve patients with Parkinson’s disease and 12 age-matched controls completed a visual reaction time task in which preparatory interval delays were randomly presented. The preparatory intervals (1, 3, and 5 s) began with an auditory warning signal that preceded the presentation of the visual target. Simple and choice RT tasks were used in separate blocks. The results indicated that there was a preparatory effect for both groups. However, PD patients produced a larger preparatory effect than normal controls in simple RT. This effect was due to a larger RT difference between groups on the shortest PI. Because this finding is specific to simple RT, it may indicate the presence of an attentional control deficit in the PD group.
Analysis of Employees' Perception of Workplace Support and Level of Motivation in Public Sector Healthcare Organization

This study investigates workplace support and employees' work motivation and their mutual relationships in a healthcare setting. It attempts to partly test Eisenberger's theory of perceived organizational support in the given context. A total of 400 questionnaires were collected from a large public-sector healthcare organization. Chi-square, cross tabulation and correlation statistics was applied to analyze the data. Results showed an association between the variables and high degree of consistency with that of previous studies. The study also confirmed 'flexible hours' as a viable dimension of workplace support which was not delineated by earlier studies.
Topological Sector Fluctuations and Curie Law Crossover in Spin Ice

At low temperatures, a spin ice enters a Coulomb phase - a state with algebraic correlations and topologically constrained spin configurations. In Ho2Ti2O7, we have observed experimentally that this process is accompanied by a non-standard temperature evolution of the wave vector dependent magnetic susceptibility, as measured by neutron scattering. Analytical and numerical approaches reveal signatures of a crossover between two Curie laws, one characterizing the high temperature paramagnetic regime, and the other the low temperature topologically constrained regime, which we call the spin liquid Curie law. The theory is shown to be in excellent agreement with neutron scattering experiments. On a more general footing, i) the existence of two Curie laws appears to be a general property of the emergent gauge field for a classical spin liquid, and ii) sheds light on the experimental difficulty of measuring a precise Curie-Weiss temperature in frustrated materials; iii) the mapping between gauge and spin degrees of freedom means that the susceptibility at finite wave vector can be used as a local probe of fluctuations among topological sectors.
Progression of Athletic Performance in Age-Group Swimmers in the Past 50 Years

The progression or evolution of athletic performance in age-group swimmers was studied by analyzing top youth swimmers’ times recorded in the past 50 years. In both boys and girls, the largest improvements were observed from 1960s to 1970s. Thereafter, swimming performance continued to improve although the magnitude of improvements became progressively smaller. Relative improvements in youth swimming performance time were not different from those in the Olympic trial times achieved by elite adult swimmers. Overall, the relative improvements of swimming performance over the years were not different between boys and girls. These results suggest that athletic performance achieved by youth swimmers has undergone similar degree of improvements to elite adult swimmers in the past 50 years.
Reggies/flotillins regulate E-cadherin–mediated cell contact formation by affecting EGFR trafficking

In epithelial cells, the reggie/flotillin proteins regulate—in association with PrP—the formation of E-cadherin adherens junctions (AJs) via the EGFR. Reggies control the EGF-mediated phosphorylation and internalization of EGFR. EGF signaling at the plasma membrane induces the macropinocytosis of E-cadherin and thus the formation of AJs.
Evicted: Poverty and Profit in the American City

Book Reviews that loosely weaves together ideas of relational subjectivity with the systems theory of Niklas Luhmann—I gave up. The world is in ﬂames. We need good, clear, accurate, and powerful ex- planations for what’s happening so that we can ﬁgure out how to smartly move forward. Maybe a sociologist will read some critical realism and get inspired to produce a brilliant explanation she or he wouldn’t have other- wise. I hope so. But neither of these two books makes a convincing case that critical realism is the royal road to sociological truth. Evicted: Poverty and Proﬁt in the American City. By Matthew Desmond. New York: Crown Publishers, 2016. Pp. xi1420. $28.00. David J. Harding University of California, Berkeley Matthew Desmond’s Evicted is ﬁrst and foremost an ethnography about the daily experiences of poverty with a unique focus on the causes and con- sequences of housing instability and housing quality. Unlike prior poverty ethnographies that focus on a particular neighborhood, this book shadows eight poor families, both black and white, and two landlords who rent apartments, houses, or trailer homes to the poor. Following the experiences of these research subjects over multiple years in Milwaukee reveals in painstaking detail the central importance of eviction to the contemporary experience of being poor. These arguments are buttressed by other data sources as well, including surveys of renters and administrative records from housing court. In short, one cannot read Evicted without coming to the conclusion that eviction and its consequences play a central role in trap- ping individuals and families in poverty. Despite the focus on public housing and housing vouchers in public and academic discussions of housing and poverty, Evicted points out that most of the poor are on their own in the private rental market, one in which there is surprisingly little variation in rents across neighborhoods and almost no options that are anywhere near affordable for a family trying to get by on low-wage work or public assistance. Landlords who rent to such families can rarely count on consistently receiving the full payment of rent, and, as a result, the apartments, houses, and trailers available to such families are typically in chronic disrepair, including broken plumbing, inoperable appliances and furnaces, and broken doors and windows. The state is ab- sent from the market in many ways, with minimal proactive enforcement of building code violations, few resources devoted to affordable housing, and little regulation of rents. Yet when the state does play a role, it is over- whelmingly arrayed against the tenant. Nuisance complaints recorded by the police motivate evictions, sheriff’s deputies execute evictions, child wel- fare agencies take children away when families become homeless or live in unsafe housing, and the complexities of housing courts favor the landlord This content downloaded from 169.229. 151.152 on June 30, 2017 10:30:27 AM All use subject to University of Chicago Press Terms and Conditions (http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/t-and-c).
Two-dimensional linear prediction and spectral estimation on a polar raster

A zero-mean homogeneous random field is defined on a discrete polar raster. The problem is to estimate, given example values inside a disk of finite radius, the field's power spectral density using linear prediction. A generalized autocorrelation procedure that guarantees positive semidefinite covariance estimates (required for a meaningful spectral density) is given. It first interpolates the data using Gaussians, computes its Radon transform, and applies familiar one-dimensional techniques to each slice. Some numerical examples are provided to justify the validity of the proposed procedure. A correlation matching covariance extension procedure that uses the Radon transform is proposed to extend a given set of covariance lags to the entire plane, when this is possible. Circumstances for which this is impossible are discussed. <<ETX>>
Fostering Legal Cynicism through Immigration Detention

Every year, tens of thousands of noncitizens in removal proceedings are held and processed through an expanding web of immigration detention facilities across the United States. The use of immigration detention is expected to dramatically increase under the Trump administration’s mass deportation policy. I argue that this civil confinement system may serve a critical socio-legal function that has escaped the attention of policymakers, scholars, and the public alike. Using extensive original data on long-term immigrant detainees, I explore how immigration detention might function as a site of legal socialization that helps to promote or reinforce widespread legal cynicism among immigrant detainees. This legal cynicism is characterized by the belief that the legal system is punitive despite its purported administrative function, legal rules are inscrutable by design, and legal outcomes are arbitrary. These findings advance the study of democracy, legitimacy, and the rule of law in a number of ways. First, this Article offers a new way of conceptualizing the relationship between the state and individuals subject to immigration enforcement. This reconceptualization recognizes noncitizens not as passive objects of state control, but as moral agents who are capable of normative judgments about the law and legal authorities. Second, this Article provides a fuller and more nuanced perspective on immigration detention’s societal impacts, which are likely to be far more wide-reaching and long-lasting than commonly assumed. For example, immigrant detainees, as individuals embedded in domestic and transnational networks, have the potential to widely disseminate deference and trust, or alternatively cynicism and delegitimating beliefs, about the U.S. legal system and authorities. Together, these contributions underscore the urgency and importance of understanding the socialization function of law and legal systems for noncitizens in an era of increasing cross-border movement and migration control.
Changes in Geographic Variation in the Use of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Stable Ischemic Heart Disease After Publication of the Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation (COURAGE) Trial

Background—Clinical uncertainty is cited as a cause of geographic variation. However, little is known about the effect of comparative effectiveness research on variation. We examined whether geographic variation in the use of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD) declined after publication of the Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation (COURAGE) trial. Methods and Results—We examined changes in utilization and geographic variation in 67 hospital referral regions using the State Inpatient Databases. We compared age- and sex-adjusted rates of PCI for SIHD before (2006) and after (2008) publication of the COURAGE trial and compared those with contemporaneous changes in PCI volume for acute coronary syndrome. A total of 272 659 PCIs for SIHD from 526 hospitals were included in the analysis. After the publication of the COURAGE trial, PCI volume for SIHD declined by 25% (P<0.001) and decreased by 12% for acute coronary syndrome (P<0.001). This was predominantly attributable to changes in hospital referral regions with the highest levels of utilization pre-COURAGE trial (35% decline in the highest tertile versus 18% in the lowest). As measured by the systematic component of variation, there was substantial geographic variation in the use of PCI for SIHD preceding the publication of the COURAGE trial. Variation declined by 28% (0.53 versus 0.40) after publication, but geographic variation remained higher for SIHD than acute coronary syndrome (0.40 versus 0.17). Conclusions—There was a substantial decline in the use of and geographic variation in PCI for SIHD after the publication of the COURAGE trial. However, geographic variation in the use of PCI for SIHD remained high.
Efficient Parallelization of RMCRT for Large Scale LES Combustion Simulations

At the high temperatures inherent to combustion systems, radiation is the dominant mode of heat transfer. An accurate simulation of a combustor therefore requires precise treatment of radiative heat transfer. This is accomplished by calculating the radiative-flux divergence at each cell of the discretized domain. Reverse Monte Carlo Ray Tracing (RMCRT) is one of the few numerical techniques that can accurately solve for the radiative-flux divergence while accounting, in an efficient manner, for the effects of participating media. Furthermore, RMCRT lends itself to massive parallelism because the intensities of each ray are mutually exclusive. Therefore, multiple rays can be traced simultaneously at any given time step. We have created a parallelized RMCRT algorithm that solves for the radiative-flux divergence in combustion systems. This algorithm has been verified against a 3D benchmark case involving participating media. The error of this algorithm converges with an increase in the number of rays traced per cell, such that at 700 rays per cell, the L2 error norm of a 41 3 mesh is 0.49%. Our algorithm demonstrates strong scaling when run in parallel on 2 to 1536 processors for domains of 128 3 and 256 3 cells.
Effect of Moisture on Some Physical Properties of Shea (Vitellaria Paradoxa L) Kernels

Moisture-dependent engineering properties of seeds are important in the design of postharvest equipment for their handling and processing. In this study, the physical properties of shea kernels were determined as a function of moisture content in the range of 6.24 to 25% (d.b.) using standard techniques. The results showed that with increasing moisture content, the major, intermediate, minor, arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, aspect ratio, true density and porosity all increased non-linearly from 18.33±0.81 to 31.20±1.21, 10.77±1.07 to 22.50±0.87 and 9.33±0.81 to 16.17±1.07mm, 12.81±0.73 to 23.29±1.00mm 12.22±0.81 to 22.40±1.02mm, 66.68±4.10 to 71.79±1.51%, 58.73±5.24 to 70.07±1.51%, 1.04±0.10 to 1.54g/cm 3 and 44.67 to 72.37% respectively as moisture content increased from 6.24 to 25%. Surface area, 1000-kernel mass, volume and filling angle of repose all increased linearly from 470.47±61.64 to 1578.53±145.83mm 2 , 3.63±0.15 to 11.20±0.60kg, 1.46±0.28 to 8.95±0.13cm 3 and 35.47 to 40.89 0 respectively at the same moisture range. Also, static co-efficient of friction on plywood, galvanise steel, stainless steel and glass increased linearly from 0.43±0.01 to 1.78±0.02, 0.37±0.01 to 1.39±0.03, 0.28±0.03 to 1.12±0.01 and 0.21±0.01 to 0.93±0.01 respectively. Finally, bulk density decreased non-linearly from 0.78±0.01 to 0.35±0.06g/cm 3 . Data was analysed using SPSS (Version 16) and Microsoft Excel (2010). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was carried out to assess the variation of each parameter within the moisture range. Differences in the means were compared using Duncan Multiple Range Test (P=0.05). Regression analyses were conducted to establish the relationship between the physical properties of shea kernel and moisture content. Differences in the means of most parameters determined were statistically significant within the moisture range investigated.
Interplay between Fanconi anemia and homologous recombination pathways in genome integrity

The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway plays a central role in the repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) and regulates cellular responses to replication stress. Homologous recombination (HR), the error‐free pathway for double‐strand break (DSB) repair, is required during physiological cell cycle progression for the repair of replication‐associated DNA damage and protection of stalled replication forks. Substantial crosstalk between the two pathways has recently been unravelled, in that key HR proteins such as the RAD51 recombinase and the tumour suppressors BRCA1 and BRCA2 also play important roles in ICL repair. Consistent with this, rare patient mutations in these HR genes cause FA pathologies and have been assigned FA complementation groups. Here, we focus on the clinical and mechanistic implications of the connection between these two cancer susceptibility syndromes and on how these two molecular pathways of DNA replication and repair interact functionally to prevent genomic instability.
X‐ray clusters of galaxies in conformal gravity

We run adiabatic N-body/hydrodynamical simulations of isolated self-gravitating gas clouds to test whether conformal gravity, an alternative theory to general relativity, is able to explain the properties of X-ray galaxy clusters without resorting to dark matter. We show that the gas clouds rapidly reach equilibrium with a density profile which is well fitted by a β-model whose normalization and slope are in approximate agreement with observations. However, conformal gravity fails to yield the observed thermal properties of the gas cloud: (i) the mean temperature is at least an order of magnitude larger than the observed and (ii) the temperature profiles increase with the square of the distance from the cluster centre, in clear disagreement with real X-ray clusters. These results depend on a gravitational potential whose parameters reproduce the velocity rotation curves of spiral galaxies. However, this parametrization stands on an arbitrarily chosen conformal factor. It remains to be seen whether a different conformal factor, specified by a spontaneous breaking of the conformal symmetry, can reconcile this theory with observations.
Direct Measurement of Molecular Mobility in Actively Deformed Polymer Glasses

When sufficient force is applied to a glassy polymer, it begins to deform through movement of the polymer chains. We used an optical photobleaching technique to quantitatively measure changes in molecular mobility during the active deformation of a polymer glass [poly(methyl methacrylate)]. Segmental mobility increases by up to a factor of 1000 during uniaxial tensile creep. Although the Eyring model can describe the increase in mobility at low stress, it fails to describe mobility after flow onset. In this regime, mobility is strongly accelerated and the distribution of relaxation times narrows substantially, indicating a more homogeneous ensemble of local environments. At even larger stresses, in the strain-hardening regime, mobility decreases with increasing stress. Consistent with the view that stress-induced mobility allows plastic flow in polymer glasses, we observed a strong correlation between strain rate and segmental mobility during creep.
Examining the Geographic Distribution of Victim Nations in Stolen Data Markets

The growth of electronic commerce and malicious software tools designed to compromise various payment systems and computer networks has led to concurrent increase in data breaches, phishing, and hacking incidents targeting sensitive financial information. As a function of this increase, an underground market economy has developed around the sale of consumers’ bank account details and other financial information. Recent research examining data markets operating on the Open Web demonstrate their basic functions and distribution of information sold. Emerging evidence suggests markets are now operating on the “Dark Web,” or encrypted web sites operating on Tor-based networks. Little research to date has compared the distribution of victim nations in stolen data markets nor examined any variations between Open and Dark Web operations. This study utilizes a rational choice framework to examine this gap using a sample of 18 forums and 15 shops hosted on the Open Web and Tor. Using statistical analyses to examining the geography of victimization, this study provides a preliminary test of the applicability of rational choice theory to market operations.
The Role of Information Technology in Risk/Return Relations of Firms

Information Technology (IT) investments are the largest capital budgeting item in most U.S. firms. Thus, there is significant scholarly interest in understanding the relationship between IT investments and firm performance. However, findings to date remain mixed: while some studies find a positive relationship between IT investments and firm performance, others fail to find any significant relationships at all. One possible reason for this may be that most studies conceptualize and measure firm performance in terms of returns - but ignore risk. Although risk is also an important aspect of firm performance, and there are tradeoffs between risks and returns, most IS studies have not included risk in examining the relationship between IT investments and firm performance. Focusing only on the return implications of IT ignores risk/return tradeoffs and the possibility that IT can influence the risk/return positions of firms. In this study, we build on and extend the economic theory of complementarities to explain how and why IT influences risk/return relations of firms. We discuss how the incorporation of risk into the analysis of performance effects of IT provides new insights for theory and practice.
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Anatomical Insights into the Interaction of Emotion and Cognition in the Prefrontal Cortex

Psychological research increasingly indicates that emotional processes interact with other aspects of cognition. Studies have demonstrated both the ability of emotional stimuli to influence a broad range of cognitive operations, and the ability of humans to use top-down cognitive control mechanisms to regulate emotional responses. Portions of the prefrontal cortex appear to play a significant role in these interactions. However, the manner in which these interactions are implemented remains only partially elucidated. In the present review we describe the anatomical connections between ventral and dorsal prefrontal areas as well as their connections with limbic regions. Only a subset of prefrontal areas are likely to directly influence amygdalar processing, and as such models of prefrontal control of emotions and models of emotional regulation should be constrained to plausible pathways of influence. We also focus on how the specific pattern of feedforward and feedback connections between these regions may dictate the nature of information flow between ventral and dorsal prefrontal areas and the amygdala. These patterns of connections are inconsistent with several commonly expressed assumptions about the nature of communications between emotion and cognition.