Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Covering Behavior and Exposure to a Predatory Crab Charybdis japonica on Survival and HSP70 Expression of Juvenile Sea Urchins Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Predation is a complex process among predator, prey and environment. Juvenile sea urchins are more susceptible to predators than adults, which affects community structure. Behavior is involved in anti-predator responses by changes in the expression of anti-predator responsive genes. Here, we investigated the effects of exposure to a predatory crab Charybdis japonica and covering behavior on survival and HSP70 expression of juvenile sea urchins Strongylocentrotus intermedius. C. japonica consumed large numbers of juvenile S. intermedius in 12 hours with a mortality of 34.17±11.43%. Covering behavior did not significantly reduce predation. Exposure to C. japonica did not significantly upregulate HSP70 expression of juvenile S. intermedius in 12 hours. Covering behavior showed no significant regulative effect on the gene expression of HSP70 of juvenile S. intermedius exposed to C. japonica for 12 hours. The results indicate that the anti-predator function of covering behavior is limited and that HSP70 expression does not appear to play an important role in the anti-predator process of S. intermedius.
Computer aided self‐monitoring to increase academic production and reduce self‐injurious behavior in a child with autism

Self-monitoring to increase the on-task behavior of students with learning disabilities has been the focus of numerous studies in the literature. This study examined the effectiveness of computer aided self-monitoring of academic task completion to reduce self-injurious behavior in a 13-year-old male student with autism. Using an ABAB design, data were collected over 22 sessions in a resource-reading classroom. Visual and statistical analyses indicated that when self-monitoring of activity completion was implemented, rates of completion increased and maladaptive behaviors such as self-injurious behavior and tantruming decreased. Discussion follows for implications for self-monitoring with students with autism. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of flax oil in pediatric bipolar disorder.

OBJECTIVES This clinical trial evaluated whether supplementation with flax oil, containing the omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (alpha-LNA), safely reduced symptom severity in youth with bipolar disorder. METHODS Children and adolescents aged 6-17 years with symptomatic bipolar I or bipolar II disorder (n = 51), manic, hypomanic, mixed, or depressed, were randomized to either flax oil capsules containing 550 mg alpha-LNA per 1 gram or an olive oil placebo adjunctively or as monotherapy. Doses were titrated to 12 capsules per day as tolerated over 16 weeks. Primary outcomes included changes in the Young Mania Rating Scale, Child Depression Rating Scale-Revised, and Clinical Global Impressions-Bipolar ratings using Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. RESULTS There were no significant differences in primary outcome measures when compared by treatment assignment. However, clinician-rated Global Symptom Severity was negatively correlated with final serum omega-3 fatty acid compositions: %alpha-LNA (r = -0.45, p < 0.007), % eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (r = -0.47, p < 0.005); and positively correlated with final arachidonic acid (AA) (r = 0.36, p < 0.05) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) n-6 (r = 0.48, p < 0.004). The mean duration of treatment for alpha-LNA was 11.8 weeks versus 8 weeks for placebo; however, the longer treatment duration for alpha-LNA was not significant after controlling for baseline variables. Subjects discontinued the study for continued depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Studies of essential fatty acid supplementation are feasible and well tolerated in the pediatric population. Although flax oil may decrease severity of illness in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder who have meaningful increases in serum EPA percent levels and/or decreased AA and DPA n-6 levels, individual variations in conversion of alpha-LNA to EPA and docosahexaenoic acid as well as dosing burden favor the use of fish oil both for clinical trials and clinical practice. Additionally, future research should focus on adherence and analysis of outcome based on changes in essential fatty acid tissue compositions, as opposed to group randomization alone.
Burnout Subtypes and Absence of Self-Compassion in Primary Healthcare Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Primary healthcare professionals report high levels of distress and burnout. A new model of burnout has been developed to differentiate three clinical subtypes: ‘frenetic’, ‘underchallenged’ and ‘worn-out’. The aim of this study was to confirm the validity and reliability of the burnout subtype model in Spanish primary healthcare professionals, and to assess the explanatory power of the self-compassion construct as a possible protective factor. Method The study employed a cross-sectional design. A sample of n = 440 Spanish primary healthcare professionals (214 general practitioners, 184 nurses, 42 medical residents) completed the Burnout Clinical Subtype Questionnaire (BCSQ-36), the Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey (MBI-GS), the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The factor structure of the BCSQ-36 was estimated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) by the unweighted least squares method from polychoric correlations. Internal consistency (R) was assessed by squaring the correlation between the latent true variable and the observed variables. The relationships between the BCSQ-36 and the other constructs were analysed using Spearman’s r and multiple linear regression models. Results The structure of the BCSQ-36 fit the data well, with adequate CFA indices for all the burnout subtypes. Reliability was adequate for all the scales and sub-scales (R≥0.75). Self-judgement was the self-compassion factor that explained the frenetic subtype (Beta = 0.36; p<0.001); isolation explained the underchallenged (Beta = 0.16; p = 0.010); and over-identification the worn-out (Beta = 0.25; p = 0.001). Other significant associations were observed between the different burnout subtypes and the dimensions of the MBI-GS, UWES and PANAS. Conclusions The typological definition of burnout through the BCSQ-36 showed good structure and appropriate internal consistence in Spanish primary healthcare professionals. The negative self-compassion dimensions seem to play a relevant role in explaining the burnout profiles in this population, and they should be considered when designing specific treatments and interventions tailored to the specific vulnerability of each subtype.
Coset enumeration strategies

A primary reference on computer implementation of coset enumeration procedures is a 1973 paper of Cannon, Dimino, Havas and Watson. Programs and techniques described there are updated in this paper. Improved coset definition strategies, space saving techniques and advice for obtaining improved performance are included. New coset definition strategies for Felsch-type methods give substantial reductions in total cosets defined for some pathological enumerations. Significant time savings are achieved for coset enumeration procedures in general. Statistics on performance are presented, both in terms of time and in terms of maximum and total cosets defined for selected enumerations.
Lymphocytic Depletion of Bursa of Fabricius and Thymus in Chickens Inoculated with Escherichia coli

Specific-pathogen-free 10-week-old chickens were inoculated via the air sac with Escherichia coli and showed lymphocytic depletion of bursa of Fabricius and thymus. In experiment I, chickens were necropsied at 12 and 24 hours, 2, 3, and 5 days after inoculation. At 12 hours after inoculation there was lymphocytic depletion in the medulla of lymphoid follicles of the bursa. At 24 hours after inoculation there was lymphocytic depletion also in the cortex of follicles and edema in interfollicular interstitium and follicular medulla. At 2 and 3 days after inoculation there were more marked lymphocytic depletion in medulla and cortex, and fibrosis in interfollicular interstitium. Partial repopulation of follicles with lymphocytes was seen at 5 days after inoculation. In the thymus, lymphocytic depletion occurred in the cortex. At 12 hours after inoculation, lymphocytic necrosis increased in number more than that of control chickens. The width of the cortex and medulla decreased. At 24 hours after inoculation, lymphocytic necrosis increased further. At 2 to 5 days after inoculation, the boundary between the cortex and medulla of lobules was obscure and cellular elements of the cortex and medulla were mingled. In experiment II, chickens were necropsied as in experiment I and also at 8 and 14 days after inoculation. The relative weights of the bursa and thymus reduced rapidly to minimal relative weights at 8 days after inoculation. At 14 days after inoculation, both bursa and thymus had normal relative weights and histological structures. These findings indicate that E. coli infection may induce transient lymphocytic depletion of lymphoid tissues in the chicken.
Flexible Working and Performance: A Systematic Review of the Evidence for a Business Case

Interest in the outcomes of flexible working arrangements (FWAs) dates from the mid-1970s, when researchers attempted to assess the impact of flexitime on worker performance. This paper reviews the literature on the link between FWAs and performance-related outcomes. Taken together, the evidence fails to demonstrate a business case for the use of FWAs. This paper attempts to explain the findings by analysing the theoretical and methodological perspectives adopted, as well as the measurements and designs used. In doing so, gaps in this vast and disparate literature are identified, and a research agenda is developed.
Evidence of a Single Second-Order Factor in Student Ratings of Teaching Effectiveness

In student-evaluation research, there has been considerable debate on the number of higher order factors in student ratings of university teaching. Using a distance learning program as the context for research, the study described in this article applied structural equation modeling to investigate the 2nd-order factor structure in student ratings of teaching effectiveness. An a priori model was hypothesized, which consisted of four 1st-order factors and one 2nd-order factor. Data were collected from 2,021 distance students using a multifactor questionnaire. In contrast to all past studies, the presence of a single 2nd-order factor in student ratings was empirically demonstrated through hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis. Implications for future research on the higher order factor structure in student ratings of conventional on-campus courses are also discussed.
Virtual teams: team control structure, work processes, and team effectiveness

Seeks to determine the impact managerial controls have on the effectiveness of virtual teams. Using an experimental design compares self‐directed virtual teams to counterparts where behavior controls are used as a method of managerial control. The data were collected using 51 student teams of three or four members each from three different countries. The results indicate that the most satisfied team members were in virtual teams with effective coordination and communication. Members of self‐directed virtual teams report higher individual satisfaction with the team and project, while different control structures had no significant impact on virtual team performance. Future research should investigate how these findings generalize to organizational workers, rather than just looking at students. This paper is just a first step investigating one type of managerial control: behavior controls. The small amount of research that has been published on virtual teams has primarily concentrated on self‐directed teams.
The Cost‐utility of bilateral cochlear implantation: A Systematic Review

The (cost‐)effectiveness and the subsequent reimbursement of bilateral cochlear implantation has been vigorously debated. Throughout the world healthcare commissioners are still struggling with the decision to reimburse bilateral implantation. Given this debate, this study's objective was to review the literature on the cost‐utility of bilateral cochlear implantation in both children and adults, and study the impact of the used cost and quality‐of‐life estimates.
Role of development journalism in Nigeria's development

But rural development the transformation for the better of the physical, psychological, social, economic, political, and cultural conditions of the rural populace holds the key to national development. It holds the key (1) because of the enormous size of the rural population as compared to the small percentage living in the cities, (2) because of the very large share of the country’s natural resources located in the rural areas, and (3) because of the disproportionate role which the rural population plays in the economic, rural, and political life of the nation. Successive governments in the country had for decades paid only lip service to the issue of rural development, while the bulk of development efforts and resources was concentrated in the urban areas where the very small minority of the population lives. Even though national development plans have been formulated and executed since 1962, and a federal ministry assigned the responsibility for rural development the Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Water Resources, and Rural Development has been in existence for a long time, nothing substantial was done about rural development up to February 1986. The public policy approach to the problem took a dramatic turn in the
Oenothein B Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Inflammation in the Mouse Brain

Oenothein B has been recently evaluated for its ability to affect inflammatory responses in peripheral tissues. In this study, we examined its effect on the damage to the central nervous system due to systemic inflammation. For this purpose, ICR mice were injected with an intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 mg/kg mouse). When oenothein B was administered per os (p.o.), it suppressed (1) LPS-induced abnormal behavior in open field; (2) LPS-induced microglial activation in the hippocampus and striatum; and (3) LPS-induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 production in the hippocampus and striatum of these mice. These results suggest that oenothein B had the ability to reduce neuroinflammation in the brain during systemic inflammation.
Readthrough Acetylcholinesterase Is Increased in Human Liver Cirrhosis

Background & Aims There have been many studies on plasma butyrylcholinesterase in liver dysfunction. However, no data is available about acetylcholinesterase in human cirrhosis, although profound changes have been described in cirrhotic rat models. Methods Human serum and liver acetylcholinesterase and its molecular forms were determined enzymatically, after butyrylcholinesterase immunodepletion. The distinct species of acetylcholinesterase, with a distinct C-terminus, were determined by western blotting, and the level of liver transcripts by real-time PCR. Liver acetylcholinesterase was also evaluated by immunocytochemistry. Results In patients with liver cirrhosis, the activity of plasma acetylcholinesterase (rich in light species), appeared to be apparently unaffected. However, the levels of the soluble readthrough (R) acetylcholinesterase form, an acetylcholinesterase species usually associated with stress and pathology, was increased compared to controls. Human liver acetylcholinesterase activity levels were also unchanged, but protein levels of the acetylcholinesterase-R and other acetylcholinesterase subunit species were increased in the cirrhotic liver. This increase in acetylcholinesterase protein expression in the cirrhotic liver was confirmed by PCR analysis. Immunohistological examination confirmed that acetylcholinesterase immunoreactivity is increased in parenchymal cells of the cirrhotic liver. Conclusions We demonstrate significant changes in acetylcholinesterase at the protein and mRNA levels in liver cirrhosis, with no difference in enzymatic activity. The altered expression of acetylcholinesterase protein may reflect changes in its pathophysiological role.
Paralogue annotation identifies novel pathogenic variants in patients with Brugada syndrome and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia

Background Distinguishing genetic variants that cause disease from variants that are rare but benign is one of the principal challenges in contemporary clinical genetics, particularly as variants are identified at a pace exceeding the capacity of researchers to characterise them functionally. Methods We previously developed a novel method, called paralogue annotation, which accurately and specifically identifies disease-causing missense variants by transferring disease-causing annotations across families of related proteins. Here we refine our approach, and apply it to novel variants found in 2266 patients across two large cohorts with inherited sudden death syndromes, namely catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) or Brugada syndrome (BrS). Results Over one third of the novel non-synonymous variants found in these studies, which would otherwise be reported in a clinical diagnostics setting as ‘variants of unknown significance’, are categorised by our method as likely disease causing (positive predictive value 98.7%). This identified more than 500 new disease loci for BrS and CPVT. Conclusions Our methodology is widely transferable across all human disease genes, with an estimated 150 000 potentially informative annotations in more than 1800 genes. We have developed a web resource that allows researchers and clinicians to annotate variants found in individuals with inherited arrhythmias, comprising a referenced compendium of known missense variants in these genes together with a user-friendly implementation of our approach. This tool will facilitate the interpretation of many novel variants that might otherwise remain unclassified.
The role of spelling in learning to read

Abstract Early interactive processes of development in reading, spelling and implicit and explicit phonological awareness were assessed in a group of children at four time‐points as they progressed through their first three years in school. Exploratory causal path analyses were used to investigate the contribution of each ability to the subsequent growth of skill in reading, spelling and phonological awareness. The resultant structural models demonstrate a role of spelling in the early stages of reading acquisition, as well as differential contributions of implicit and explicit phonological awareness to both reading and spelling. They also suggest a developmental cascade from implicit to explicit phonemic awareness in the normal acquisition of phonological knowledge and associated skills. An analysis of the children's spelling errors at these stages demonstrates that spelling changes in nature from being precommunicative, through semi‐phonetic to phonetic in nature, and these changes are associated with t.
Nickel on the Swedish market. Follow‐up after implementation of the Nickel Directive

The Nickel Directive aims at the prevention of sensitization and elicitation of nickel dermatitis. It limits nickel release from, and nickel content in, certain items. The Directive came into full force by July 2001. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency on the market of items that release nickel and of nickel content in piercing posts, 2 years after coming into force of the Directive. Of special interest was to study changes compared to the situation in 1999, when a baseline study had been carried out. Nickel release from 786 items covered by the Nickel Directive was tested with the dimethylglyoxime (DMG) test, and nickel content in 18 piercing posts was analysed. Nickel release was shown from 8% of items intended for direct and prolonged contact with the skin, and 17% of the piercing posts contained too much nickel, a decrease compared to 1999. There has been significant adaptation to the requirements of the Nickel Directive. The DMG test is useful for screening for nickel release and for monitoring the market. Provided there is further adaptation to the requirements, the risk of sensitization and elicitation of nickel dermatitis will be significantly reduced.
Deltoid Ligament Abnormalities in Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability

Background: Treatment of patients with repeated ankle sprains and chronic lateral ankle instability tends to focus on the lateral collateral ligaments. We reviewed records to ascertain the prevalence of abnormalities of the deltoid ligament in this population. Methods: Retrospective review of MR images and surgical reports was performed for all patients during a 3-year period that underwent surgical treatment of chronic ankle instability at a single institution. Forty-seven ankles (46 patients) met inclusion criteria. None had medial ankle pain. Results: On MRI, all patients had anterior talofibular ligament tear, plus injury to one or more additional ligaments. Ninety-one percent had injury of calcaneofibular ligament. Injury to the posterior talofibular ligament was less common (49%). Deltoid ligament injuries were seen in 72% of cases (23% superficial deltoid only, 6% deep deltoid only, 43% both superficial and deep components). Of patients with injury to the superficial deltoid, 32% had an intact deep deltoid ligament. MRI correlated well to surgical findings. Conclusion: Deltoid ligament injuries were common in patients with lateral ankle instability who underwent reconstruction. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
LAMINAR-TURBULENT TRANSITION AND SHOCK WAVE / BOUNDARY LAYER INTERACTION

Part A: Laminar-turbulent transition. Laminar-turbulent transition strongly affects the wall heat flux of high speed vehicles. The first part of this Lecture is devoted to the description and the modelling of some transition mechanisms. The transition process dominated by the amplification of unstable waves is considered first, with emphasis on the linear stability theory. It is also shown that a major difference between transition in twoand threedimensional flows lies in the receptivity phase. Then the problem of boundary layer tripping by large roughness elements is briefly addressed.
Combined carbon-13-glycine/carbon-14-octanoic acid breath test to monitor gastric emptying rates of liquids and solids.

UNLABELLED The aim of the present study was to develop a dual-carbon-labeled breath test for simultaneously measuring gastric emptying rates of liquids and solids with significantly less radiation burden to the patient than the radioscintigraphic technique. METHODS A test meal was used in which the liquid phase was labeled with two markers, i.e., 3.7 MBq of 111In-DTPA and 100 mg of 13C-glycine; the solid phase also was dually labeled with 110 MBq of 99mTc-albumin colloid and 74 kBq of 14C-octanoic acid. Simultaneous radioscintigraphic and breath-test measurements were performed in 27 subjects, 10 normal controls and 17 patients with dyspeptic symptoms. Mathematic analysis of the excretion rate of labeled CO2 allowed the definition of four parameters, i.e., the gastric emptying coefficient, the gastric half-emptying time, the peak excretion time and the lag phase. RESULTS There was a good to excellent correlation between the gastric emptying coefficient and the scintigraphic half-emptying time (r = 0.74 for liquids and r = 0.88 for solids), between the half-emptying time determined by breath test and the scintigraphic half-emptying time (r = 0.91 for liquids and r = 0.92 for solids), between the peak excretion time and the scintigraphic half-emptying time (r = 0.91 for liquids and r = 0.96 for solids) and between the lag phase of solid emptying determined by both techniques (r = 0.89). CONCLUSION The dual carbon-labeled breath test is a valid, minimally invasive technique to measure the gastric emptying rate of both liquids and solids.