Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMPOSIÇÃO E VARIAÇÃO TEMPORAL DA ASSEMBLÉIA DE PEIXES NA REGIÃO DO SACO DOS LIMÕES, BAÍA SUL, FLORIANÓPOLIS, SANTA CATARINA

In the period from February, 2001 to December, 2002, samples were collected every two months at six locations along the Saco dos Limoes sound, South Bay, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina State. In this study, fish composition and temporal variation were described and analyzed in its qualitative and quantitative aspects by comparing the data obtained in each year during the study period. Individuals were collected every two months by bottom trawling surveys. For the description of the fish assemblage, ecological indexes such as Shannon-Wiener, equitability of Pielou, fish number and species richness were analyzed through ANOVA. The Cluster, MDS, ANOSIM and SIMPER techniques were employed for comparing fish composition between different years and months. A total of 26,667 individuals were collected, belonging to 66 taxa, distributed in 27 families. No differences were found between years and months in fish number and species richness, with differences between months among the ecological indexes. Small differences were found when comparing the ichthyofauna and the pattern of dominant species between months and years.
Prognostic Factors Predicting the Postoperative Survival Period Following Treatment for Primary Retroperitoneal Liposarcoma

Background: Liposarcomas, which represent 20% of all adult sarcomas, are the most common histological type of malignant soft tissue tumors. The aim of this study was to define the prognostic factors that predict the postoperative survival period for patients with primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma. Methods: The clinical data and prognoses of 71 patients with primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma who were treated in the General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army of China between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2007 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Results: The primary tumor from each patient was resected; 54.9% (39/71) were deemed R0 resections, 31.0% (22/71) were R1 resections and 14.1% (10/71) were deemed R2 resections (palliative operations). The median follow up was 68 months (range: 1-160 months). Of the patients who received an R1 or R2 resection of their primary tumor, 96.7% (59/61) had tumor recurrence. The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year recurrence-free rates were 77.0%, 29.8% and 19.7%, respectively. As of April 2013, 53 of the 71 patients had died from tumor recurrence. The overall 1-year, 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year survival rates were 88.7%, 76.1%, 61.7%, and 30.4%, respectively. The factors that were significantly associated with prognosis in the univariate analysis were age (as a categorical variable) (P = 0.006), modus operandi (P = 0.000), histologic subtype (P = 0.000), tumor grade (P = 0.000), ascites (P = 0.000), postoperative metastasis (P = 0.000) and adjuvant therapy (P = 0.030). However, in the multivariate analysis, the modus operandi (P = 0.000), tumor grade (P = 0.006), ascites (P = 0.027), postoperative metastasis (P = 0.023) and age (as a categorical variable) (P = 0.002) were the only significant predictors of survival. Conclusions: Complete resection remains the most effective method for treating liposarcoma. High grade, old age (≥60 years old), postoperative metastasis, and ascites predict poor prognoses.
Lower bounds for leader election and collective coin-flipping in the perfect information model

Collective coin-flipping is the problem of producing common random bits in a distributed computing environment with adversarial faults. We consider the perfect information model: all communication is by broadcast and corrupt players are computationally unbounded. Protocols in this model may involve many asynchronous rounds. We assume that honest players communicate only uniformly random bits. We demonstrate that any n-player coin-flipping protocol that is resilient against corrupt coalitions of linear size must use either at least [1/2 - o(1)]log* n communication rounds or at least [log(2k-1) n]1-o(1) communication bits in the kth round, where log(j) denotes the logarithm iterated j times. In particular, protocols using one bit per round require [1/2 - o(1)]log* n rounds. These bounds also apply to the leader election problem. The primary component of this result is a new bound on the influence of random sets of variables on Boolean functions. Finally, in the one-round case, using other methods we prove a new bound on the influence of sets of variables of size $\beta n$ for $\beta > 1/3$.
ANALYSIS OF AQUATIC MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN EUTROPHIC AND HUMIC LAKES

In this study, the microbial community structure and function of aquatic ecosystems were investigated. Illumina 16S gene tag sequencing was performed to profile the bacterial community of 7 humic lakes across multiple years of sampling, and shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed to investigate the functional characteristics of humic and eutrophic lakes. Lakes are significant in the global carbon cycle. In particular, humic bog lakes are reservoirs for large quantities of terrestrially derived organic matter, and thus link the aquatic and terrestrial carbon cycles. The bacterial communities that inhabit these ecosystems are of great interest to researchers, as they are the primary respirators of detritus. While DOC quality can be a strong driver of bacterial communities within lakes, resource availability varies greatly with space and time. Here we sequenced the16S rRNA gene from over 700 samples from seven characteristic humic bog lakes to investigate the dynamics of bacterial community composition with time. Samples were taken weekly from each of the seven humic lakes during the ice-off season. For some lakes, communities from as many as four years were represented. This unique dataset allowed us to investigate the variability in diversity across temporal scales of years, seasons, weeks, and days, while maintaining the lens of spatial variation. The diversity of each lake could be characterized adequately after approximately 25 samples that were spaced evenly throughout the ice-off season. Unpredictable year-to-year variation of diversity was observed, although, the normal range of Shannon Diversity was near 4. Diverse spring and early summer communities have been observed for aquatic bacteria in prior studies, but here we identified that on average, the community is also changing at the highest rate during early summer weeks in these lakes. Mixing events, which alter the physical and chemical factors of the habitat, also correlated with times of rapid change of community structure. Conversely, the community changed at the slowest rate during the strongly stratified periods of mid-late summer.
The pH-Dependent Interaction of Cinnamomin with Lipid Membranes Investigated by Fluorescence Methods

Abstract Cinnamomin, a new type II ribosomeinactivating protein (RIP), was found to be able to induce the release of calcein loaded in lecithin small unilamellar vesicles and the fusion or aggregation of the lecithin liposomes. Such induction could be promoted several fold by a pH 5.0 environment, a condition similar to that in endocytic vesicles. Lowering the pH from 7.5 to 5.0 evoked conformational changes of cinnamomin and unmasked its hydrophobic areas, including the exposure of 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate (1,8-ANS) binding sites of the molecule. Some tryptophan residues with affinity to acrylamide were demonstrated to participate in the lipidprotein interaction. The pH dependent fusogenicity of type II RIP might suggest its in vivo function as a fusogen to exert its cytotoxicity.
Learning and Memory

Without losing sight of each field's historical development, they provide modern bridges by which students can observe the cognitive underpinnings of animal learning and the descendants of associationism currently under scrutiny by human memory psychologists-in short, a state-of-the-art presentation that makes clear the commonalities (and contrasts) of human and animal research. Learning and Memory includes the most recent findings in the fields: the study of choice, operant behavior and economics, behavior theory and memory, implicit memory and unconscious memory, connectionism, concepts and generic memory, and networks of memories. In presenting these latest findings, the authors develop selective lines of research rather than merely listing research finding after research finding. This approach not only clearly shows students which findings support (or do nor support) hypotheses, but it also gives students a firm sense of how experiments are conducted, and science developed. In addition, a unique chapter, Chapter 14, "Memory and the Decision-Making of Everyday Life," concludes the book. Drawing from the previous chapters, it explains how normal memory processes lead to the heuristics and strategies that guide our everyday thinking. Taking up heuristics, representativeness, covariation detection, and schema-based reasoning, including animal and human research, this chapter provides even more integration of the fields.
Comparison between ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the efficacies of oral ciprofloxacin administration and oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) regimens in preventing infectious complications following transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of the prostate. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between 2011-2013, the medical records of 391 (mean age 64.62±7.64 years; range 40 to 87 years) patients who underwent transrectal prostate biopsies, due to suspicion of prostate cancer were retrospectively reviewed. While 500 mg ciprofloxacin was given orally twice daily starting one day before the procedure, continued for 3 days in the first 174 patients (group 1); was given orally twice daily starting one day before the procedure, continued for 3 days in the remaining 217 patients (group 2) for prophylaxis. Urine samples were obtained for urine culture before the procedure. The two groups were compared with respect to findings of urine cultures performed before and after the procedure and complications. RESULTS In the ciprofloxacin and groups, any positive urine culture before the procedure was not observed. Complications occured in 93 patients (37 in group 1 and 56 in group 2), after the procedure. Twenty-two (5.6%) (11 in group 1 and 11 in group 2). patients were admitted to our clinic because of high fever occurring after biopsy. Nine ciprofloxacin-treated (5.2%) and 16 TMP-SMX-treated (7.4%) patients had severe dysuria after the procedure. Twenty-one ciprofloxacin recipients (12.1%) and 40 TMP-SMX recipients (18.4%) had macroscopic hematuria. In the ciprofloxacin and TMP-SMX groups, the incidences of new culture positivity were 4% (n=7) and 2.8% (n=6) after the procedure, respectively. All of the isolated bacteria was Escherichia coli. While 11 patients were hospitalized due to signs of complicated urinary tract infections, and 2 patients were treated as outpatients. Rectal bleeding that did not require any intervention was observed in a patient 8 hours after biopsy. SIRS findings were detected in two patients. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to age, prostate volume, prostate spesific antigen (PSA) levels, and results of urine culture performed after the procedure (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Despite the increasing resistance to antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and TMP-SMX are effective prophylactic treatment modalities for transrectal prostate biopsy. Both three-day ciprofloxacin and TMP-SMX regimens seem to be equally effective in the antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy.
Review and Evaluation of Methods Correcting for Population Stratification with a Focus on Underlying Statistical Principles

When two or more populations have been separated by geographic or cultural boundaries for many generations, drift, spontaneous mutations, differential selection pressures and other factors may lead to allele frequency differences among populations. If these ‘parental’ populations subsequently come together and begin inter-mating, disequilibrium among linked markers may span a greater genetic distance than it typically does among populations under panmixia [see glossary]. This extended disequilibrium can make association studies highly effective and more economical than disequilibrium mapping in panmictic populations since less marker loci are needed to detect regions of the genome that harbor phenotype-influencing loci. However, under some circumstances, this process of intermating (as well as other processes) can produce disequilibrium between pairs of unlinked loci and thus create the possibility of confounding or spurious associations due to this population stratification. Accordingly, researchers are advised to employ valid statistical tests for linkage disequilibrium mapping allowing conduct of genetic association studies that control for such confounding. Many recent papers have addressed this need. We provide a comprehensive review of advances made in recent years in correcting for population stratification and then evaluate and synthesize these methods based on statistical principles such as (1) randomization, (2) conditioning on sufficient statistics, and (3) identifying whether the method is based on testing the genotype-phenotype covariance (conditional upon familial information) and/or testing departures of the marginal distribution from the expected genotypic frequencies.
Management of acute displaced midshaft clavicular fractures using Herbert cannulated screw: Technique and results in 114 patients

Purpose: A new and simple operative technique has been developed to provide internal fixation for midshaft clavicle fractures. This involves the use of a large fragment Herbert Screw that is entirely embedded within the bone. Screw fixation is combined with bone grafting from intramedullary reamings of the fracture fragments. The purpose of this report is to assess the outcomes following treatment of midshaft clavicular fracture using this method. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fourteen patients with acute displaced midshaft fracture were identified between 2002 and 2007. All patients were followed until fracture union. Patients’ medical records were reviewed. Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire (DASH), and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Elbow form (ASES) were posted to all patients. Outcome measures included union rate, time to union, implant removal rate, DASH, and ASES scores. Results: Patients’ median age was 29.5 years (interquartile range, 19-44 years). The most common injury mechanism was sports injury (28%). The median time from injury to surgery was 5 days (interquartile range, 2-9 days). Union occurred in an average of 8.8 weeks. Non-union occurred in three cases (2.6%). The re-operation rate for symptomatic hardware prominence screw was 1.7%. The median DASH score was 0.83 and the median ASES was 100 (n = 35). Conclusions: Intramedullary fixation using cannulated Herbert screw can be used as an effective approach for operative management of midshaft clavicular fractures. Using this method, an appropriate outcome could be achieved and a second intervention for implant removal could be avoided in great majority of cases. Level of Evidence: Level III
Hypoxic induction of T‐type Ca2+ channels in rat cardiac myocytes: role of HIF‐1α and RhoA/ROCK signalling

T‐type Ca2+ channels are expressed in the ventricular myocytes of the fetal and perinatal heart, but are downregulated as development progresses. However, these channels are re‐expressed in adult cardiomyocytes under pathological conditions. Hypoxia induces the upregulation of the T‐type Ca2+ channel Cav3.2 mRNA in cardiac myocytes, whereas Cav3.1 mRNA is not significantly altered. The effect of hypoxia on Cav3.2 mRNA requires hypoxia inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) stabilization and involves the small monomeric G‐protein RhoA and its effector ROCKI. Our results suggest that the hypoxic regulation of the Cav3.2 channels may be involved in the increased probability of developing arrhythmias observed in ischemic situations, and in the pathogenesis of diseases associated with hypoxic Ca2+ overload.
A Pilot Trial to Assess Potential Effects of Selective Intracoronary Bone Marrow–Derived ProgenitorCell Infusion in Patients With Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Final 1-Year Results of the Transplantation of Progenitor Cellsand Functional Regeneration Enhancement Pilot Trial in PatientsWith Non

Background—Intracoronary administration of bone marrow–derived progenitor cells (BMC) was shown to improve coronary microvascular function in ischemic heart disease. Because coronary microvascular dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis and prognosis of nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), we investigated the effects of intracoronary BMC administration in patients with DCM. Methods and Results—Intracoronary infusion of BMC was performed in 33 patients with DCM by using an over-the-wire balloon catheter. Left ventricular contractility at baseline and after 3 months was assessed by analysis of left ventricular angiograms. Coronary hemodynamics were determined by intracoronary Doppler wire measurements. After 3 months, regional wall motion of the target area (contractility from −1.08±0.39 to −0.97±0.47 SD/chord, P=0.029) and global left ventricular ejection fraction (from 30.2±10.9 to 33.4±11.5%, P<0.001) were improved. Increase of regional contractile function was directly related to the functionality of the infused cells as measured by their colony-forming capacity. Minimal vascular resistance index was significantly reduced in the BMC-treated vessel after 3 months (from 1.53±0.63 to 1.32±0.61 mm Hg · s/cm; P=0.002, n=24), whereas no changes were observed in the reference vessel (from 1.60±0.45 to 1.49±0.45 mm Hg · s/cm; P=0.133, n=13). Twelve months after BMC infusion, N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) serum levels were decreased, suggesting a beneficial effect on left ventricular remodeling processes (from 1610±993 to 1473±1147 pg/mL; P=0.038 for logNT-proBNP, n=26). Conclusions—Intracoronary administration of BMC seems to be associated with improvements in cardiac contractile and microvascular function in patients with DCM. Thus, randomized blinded studies are warranted to evaluate potential clinical benefits of intracoronary BMC administration in patients with DCM.
THE INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA DARK FIELD: FAR-INFRARED TO X-RAY DATA

We present 20 band photometry from the far-IR to X-ray in the Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) dark field. The bias for the near-IR camera on Spitzer is calibrated by observing a ∼20′ diameter “dark” field near the north ecliptic pole roughly every two-to-three weeks throughout the mission duration of Spitzer. The field is unique for its extreme depth, low background, high quality imaging, time-series information, and accompanying photometry including data taken with Akari, Palomar, MMT, KPNO, Hubble, and Chandra. This serendipitous survey contains the deepest mid-IR data taken to date. This data set is well suited for studies of intermediate-redshift galaxy clusters, high-redshift galaxies, the first generation of stars, and the lowest mass brown dwarfs, among others. This paper provides a summary of the data characteristics and catalog generation from all bands collected to date as well as a discussion of photometric redshifts and initial and expected science results and goals. To illustrate the scientific potential of this unique data set, we also present here IRAC color–color diagrams.
A differential equation approach to maximum entropy image reconstruction

A new algorithm is developed for solving the maximum entropy (ME) image reconstruction problem. The problem is reduced to solving a system of ordinary differential equations with appropriate initial values. The choice of initial values closely relates to the satisfaction of constraints, and we show how initial values are determined. The algorithm does not involve any optimization method. Instead of searching in the (n + 1)-dimensional space as required for most ME algorithms, our approach relies on solving a one-dimensional search along a well-defined and easily mastered path. Moreover, an efficient algorithm is developed to handle the search. The computer reconstruction verifies the theory.
Efficient Impostor Manipulation for Real‐Time Visualization of Urban Scenery

Urban environments present unique challenges to interactive visualization systems, because of the huge complexity of the geometrical data and the widely varying visibility conditions. This paper introduces a new framework for real‐time visualisation of such urban scenes. The central concept is that of a dynamic segmentation of the dataset, into a local three‐dimensional model and a set of impostors used to represent distant scenery. A segmentation model is presented, based on inherent urban structure. A new impostor structure is introduced, derived from the level‐of‐detail approach. Impostors combine three‐dimensional geometry to correctly model large depth discontinuities and parallax, and textures to rapidly display visual detail. We present the algorithms necessary for the creation of accurate and efficient three‐dimensional impostors. The implementation of our algorithms allows interactive navigation in complex urban databases, as required by many applications.
Full-Duplex Cloud Radio Access Network: Stochastic Design and Analysis

Full-duplex (FD) wireless has emerged as a disruptive communications paradigm for enhancing the achievable spectral efficiency (SE), thanks to the recent major breakthroughs in self-interference mitigation. The FD versus half-duplex (HD) SE gain in cellular networks is, however, largely limited by the mutual-interference (MI) between the downlink (DL) and the uplink (UL). A potential remedy for tackling the MI bottleneck is through cooperative communications. This paper provides a stochastic design and analysis of FD enabled cloud radio access network (C-RAN) under the Poisson point process-based abstraction model of multi-antenna radio units and user equipments. We consider different network- and user-centric approaches toward the formation of finite clusters in the C-RAN. Contrary to most existing studies, we explicitly take into consideration non-isotropic fading channel conditions and finite-capacity fronthaul links. Accordingly, upper-bound expressions for the C-RAN DL and UL SEs, involving the statistics of all intended and interfering signals, are derived. The performance of the FD C-RAN is investigated through the proposed theoretical framework and Monte-Carlo simulations. According to simulations using parameters of a state-of-the-art system, significant FD versus HD C-RAN SE gains can be achieved in the presence of advanced interference cancellation capabilities and sufficient-capacity fronthaul links.