Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic extraction of document keyphrases for use in digital libraries: Evaluation and applications

This article describes an evaluation of the Kea automatic keyphrase extraction algorithm. Document keyphrases are conventionally used as concise descriptors of document content, and are increasingly used in novel ways, including document clustering, searching and browsing interfaces, and retrieval engines. However, it is costly and time consuming to manually assign keyphrases to documents, motivating the development of tools that automatically perform this function. Previous studies have evaluated Kea's performance by measuring its ability to identify author keywords and keyphrases, but this methodology has a number of well-known limitations. The results presented in this article are based on evaluations by human assessors of the quality and appropriateness of Kea keyphrases. The results indicate that, in general, Kea produces keyphrases that are rated positively by human assessors. However, typical Kea settings can degrade performance, particularly those relating to keyphrase length and domain specificity. We found that for some settings, Kea's performance is better than that of similar systems, and that Kea's ranking of extracted keyphrases is effective. We also determined that author-specified keyphrases appear to exhibit an inherent ranking, and that they are rated highly and therefore suitable for use in training and evaluation of automatic keyphrasing systems.
The Discrete Infinite Logistic Normal Distribution for Mixed-Membership Modeling

We present the discrete innite logistic normal distribution (DILN), a Bayesian nonparametric prior for mixed membership models. DILN generalizes the hierarchical Dirichlet process (HDP) to model correlation structure between the weights of the atoms at the group level. We derive a representation of DILN as a normalized collection of gamma-distributed random variables and study its statistical properties. We derive a variational inference algorithm for approximate posterior inference. We apply DILN to topic modeling of documents and study its empirical performance on four corpora, comparing performance with the HDP and the correlated topic model (CTM). To compute with large-scale data, we develop a stochastic variational inference algorithm for DILN and compare with similar algorithms for HDP and latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) on a collection of 350; 000 articles from Nature.
Associated alterations of striatal dopamine D2/D3 receptor and transporter binding in drug-naive patients with schizophrenia: a dual-isotope SPECT study.

OBJECTIVE In vivo imaging studies have revealed deregulated presynaptic or postsynaptic function of the midbrain dopaminergic system in patients with schizophrenia. To further delineate the neuropathological involvement of the presynaptic and postsynaptic dopamine neurons in schizophrenia, the authors examined brain D(2)-family receptor and dopamine transporter binding simultaneously in patients with drug-naive schizophrenia using the dual-isotope single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging technique. METHOD Eleven patients with schizophrenia and 12 healthy comparison subjects were recruited. Striatal dopamine D(2)/D(3) receptor was measured with SPECT and [(123)I]iodobenzamide ([(123)I]IBZM), while dopamine transporter was measured with SPECT and [(99m)Tc]TRODAT-1. RESULTS Striatal D(2)/D(3) receptor and dopamine transporter binding were unaltered in these drug-naive patients with schizophrenia. Nonetheless, D(2)/D(3) receptor binding measures were positively correlated with dopamine transporter binding measures in these patients but not in the comparison subjects. CONCLUSIONS The associated presynaptic and postsynaptic disturbances of midbrain dopamine neurons could be clinically relevant in drug-naive patients with schizophrenia.
Hypothermia Induced by Atypical Neuroleptics

Hypothermia is a potentially life-threatening emergency. This article examines the case of a 34-year-old, mentally retarded man who experienced three episodes of hypothermia during recurrent exposure to pipamperone. After the pipamperone dose was largely reduced, no further hypothermic episodes occurred. Nine other cases of hypothermia with neuroleptic treatment were reported to the German Federal Institute of Drugs and Medical Devices from 1988 to 1997. A review of the cases revealed that nine often patients were treated with drugs that are potent antagonists of 5-HT2 receptors. In conjunction with experimental data, this suggests that antipsychotics with a strong 5-HT2 antagonistic component might be associated with hypothermia. Most of the newly developed “atypical” neuroleptic drugs belong to this group. Therefore, special attention for hypothermia is warranted during the use of “atypical” neuroleptics.
Partitioning Activities for Agents

There are now numerous agent applications that track interests of thousands of users in situations where changes occur continuously. [Shim et al., 1994] suggested that such agents can be made efficient by merging commonalities in their activities. However, past algorithms cannot merge more than 10 or 20 concurrent activities. We develop techniques so that a large number of concurrent activities (typically over 1000) can be partitioned into components (groups of activities) of small size (e.g. 10 to 50) so that each component's activities can be merged using previously developed algorithms (e.g. [Shim et al., 1994]). We first formalize the problem and show that finding optimal partitions is NP-hard. We then develop three algorithms - Greedy, A*-based and BAB (branch and bound). A*-based and BAB are both guaranteed to compute optimal solutions. Greedy on the other hand uses heuristics and typically finds suboptimal solutions. We implemented all three algorithms. We experimentally show that the greedy algorithm finds partitions whose costs are at most 14% worse than that found by A*-based and BAB--however, Greedy is able to handle over thousand concurrent requests very fast while the other two methods are much slower and able to handle only 10-20 requests. Hence, Greedy appears to be the best.
Sodium-coupled energy transduction in the newly isolated thermoalkaliphilic strain LBS3

Strain LBS3 is a novel anaerobic thermoalkaliphilic bacterium that grows optimally at pH 9.5 and 50 degrees C. Since a high concentration of Na+ ions is required for growth, we have analyzed the primary bioenergetic mechanism of energy transduction in this organism. For this purpose, a method was devised for the isolation of right-side-out membrane vesicles that are functional for the energy-dependent uptake of solutes. A strict requirement for Na+ was observed for the uptake of several amino acids, and in the case of L-leucine, it was concluded that amino acid uptake occurs in symport with Na+ ions. Further characterization of the leucine transport system revealed that its pH and temperature optima closely match the conditions that support the growth of strain LBS3. The ATPase activity associated with inside-out membrane vesicles was found to be stimulated by both Na+ and Li+ ions. These data suggest that the primary mechanism of energy transduction in the anaerobic thermoalkaliphilic strain LBS3 is dependent on sodium cycling. The implications of this finding for the mechanism of intracellular pH regulation are discussed.
Comparing Women of Differing Sexual Orientations Using Population-Based Sampling

ABSTRACT Objectives. Area probability sampling was used to conduct a women's health survey in Boston, MA. Sexual minority women (SMW) and heterosexual adult women were compared on a variety of health-related measures. Methods. SMW-rich census tracts were identified and mapped onto zip code boundaries. Eligible respondents were women 18 and older who lived within the defined area, who were able to complete a personal interview or self-administered questionnaire in English. Differences in significant health-related outcomes by sexual orientation were examined. Results. SMW and heterosexual women differed on access to health care and utilization of screening tests. There were no significant differences in smoking rates, eating less calories or fat, and intentions to follow mammography recommendations. Conclusions. In certain respects, study results are congruent with previous non-probability surveys, while in others the results are different. It is likely that real differences exist in some health-related variables by sexual orientation category.
T cell repertoire and clonal deletion of Mtv superantigen‐reactive T cells in mice lacking CD4 and CD8 molecules

CD4−CD8− double‐negative T cells constitute a lymphocyte subpopulation within the thymus and peripheral lymphatic organs that express a unique T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and do not undergo negative selection. To test whether these cells develop as a distinct lineage or due to altered selection in the absence of CD4 and CD8 expression, we analyzed the TCR repertoire in mice lacking both CD4 and CD8 accessory molecules after homologous recombination (CD40/0CD80/0). We show that mature T cells of CD40/0CD80/0 mice express an unbiased diverse TCR Vβ repertoire comparable to wild type mice. In addition, clonal deletion of mouse mammary tumor virus superantigen‐reactive T cells did occur in CD40/0CD80/0 mice. These data show that the intrinsic lack of CD4 and CD8 expression has no effect on the mature TCR repertoire and that clonal deletion of superantigen‐reactive cells is independent of CD4 and CD8 co‐receptors.
Contribution of Synoptic Transients to the Potential Predictability of PNA Circulation Anomalies: El Niño versus La Niña

AbstractThe potential predictability (PP) of seasonal-mean 200-hPa geopotential height (Z200) anomalies in the Pacific–North American (PNA) region is examined for El Nino and La Nina separately by using 50 ensemble members of twentieth-century AGCM simulations. Observed sea surface temperature (SST) is prescribed for the period 1870–2009, and 14 El Nino and La Nina years after 1900 are selected for the present study. The domain-averaged value of PP for Z200 in the PNA region, as measured by the signal-to-noise ratio, for El Nino is about 60% larger than that of La Nina. Such a large PP is mainly due to a larger signal and partly to less noise during El Nino compared to that during La Nina . The transient eddy feedback to the PNA circulation anomalies is stronger during El Nino events (about 50%) than that during La Nina, and this difference in the transients contributes significantly to the different Z200 signals in the PNA region. The noise variance of the transients during El Nino is about 17% smaller t.
Heterogeneous Gene Expression and Functional Activity of Ryanodine Receptors in Resistance and Conduit Pulmonary as well as Mesenteric Artery Smooth Muscle Cells

Background: Hypoxia causes heterogeneous contractile responses in resistance and conduit pulmonary as well as systemic (mesenteric) artery smooth muscle cells (RPASMCs, CPASMCs and MASMCs), but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the gene expression and functional activity of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) would be different in these 3 cell types. Methods: RyR mRNA expression, Ca2+ sparks and [Ca2+]i were measured by real-time quantitative RT-PCR, laser scanning confocal microscopy and wide-field fluorescence microscopy, respectively. Results: All 3 RyR subtype (RyR1, RyR2 and RyR3) mRNAs are expressed in RPASMCs, CPASMCs and MASMCs, but their expression levels are different. Spontaneous Ca2+ sparks (functional events of RyRs) show distinct frequency, amplitude, duration, size and kinetics in these 3 cell types. Similarly, activation of RyRs by caffeine, 4-chloro-m-cresol or high K+ induces differential Ca2+ release. Moreover, hypoxia-induced increase in [Ca2+]i is largest in MASMCs relative to CPSAMCs and smallest in RPASMCs. Conclusion: This study provides comprehensive evidence that RyRs are heterogeneous in gene expression and functional activity in RPASMCs, CPASMCs and MASMCs, which may contribute to the diversity of excitation-contraction coupling and hypoxic Ca2+ responses in different vascular smooth muscle cells.
Simulation based teamwork training for emergency department staff: does it improve clinical team performance when added to an existing didactic teamwork curriculum?

Objective: To determine if high fidelity simulation based team training can improve clinical team performance when added to an existing didactic teamwork curriculum. Setting: Level 1 trauma center and academic emergency medicine training program. Participants: Emergency department (ED) staff including nurses, technicians, emergency medicine residents, and attending physicians. Intervention: : ED staff who had recently received didactic training in the Emergency Team Coordination Course (ETCC®) also received an 8 hour intensive experience in an ED simulator in which three scenarios of graduated difficulty were encountered. A comparison group, also ETCC trained, was assigned to work together in the ED for one 8 hour shift. Experimental and comparison teams were observed in the ED before and after the intervention. Design: Single, crossover, prospective, blinded and controlled observational study. Teamwork ratings using previously validated behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) were completed by outside trained observers in the ED. Observers were blinded to the identification of the teams. Results: There were no significant differences between experimental and comparison groups at baseline. The experimental team showed a trend towards improvement in the quality of team behavior (p = 0.07); the comparison group showed no change in team behavior during the two observation periods (p = 0.55). Members of the experimental team rated simulation based training as a useful educational method. Conclusion: High fidelity medical simulation appears to be a promising method for enhancing didactic teamwork training. This approach, using a number of patients, is more representative of clinical care and is therefore the proper paradigm in which to perform teamwork training. It is, however, unclear how much simulator based training must augment didactic teamwork training for clinically meaningful differences to become apparent.
Diagnosis of Oleander Poisoning in Livestock

Since mid- 1989, 37 cases of oleander poisoning in livestock have been diagnosed at the California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System. The most frequent source for oleander exposure was plant clippings. Sudden death was the most common presenting complaint. Other signs reported included diarrhea, pulmonary edema, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, colic, and lethargy. In the past, a presumptive diagnosis of oleander poisoning could be based only on matching clinical signs with evidence of consumption of oleander. A new 2 dimensional Thin-layer chromatography analysis of ingesta for oleandrin and an awareness of lesions in heart muscle have greatly improved the ability to diagnose oleander toxicosis.
Concept Embedded Convolutional Semantic Model for Question Retrieval

The question retrieval, which aims to find similar questions of a given question, is playing pivotal role in various question answering (QA) systems. This task is quite challenging mainly on three aspects: lexical gap, polysemy and word order. In this paper, we propose a unified framework to simultaneously handle these three problems. We use word combined with corresponding concept information to handle the polysemous problem. The concept embedding and word embedding are learned at the same time from both context-dependent and context-independent view. The lexical gap problem is handled since the semantic information has been encoded into the embedding. Then, we propose to use a high-level feature embedded convolutional semantic model to learn the question embedding by inputting the concept embedding and word embedding without manually labeling training data. The proposed framework nicely represent the hierarchical structures of word information and concept information in sentences with their layer-by-layer composition and pooling. Finally, the framework is trained in a weakly-supervised manner on question answer pairs, which can be directly obtained without manually labeling. Experiments on two real question answering datasets show that the proposed framework can significantly outperform the state-of-the-art solutions.
Comparison of intracranial self-administration of ethanol within the posterior ventral tegmental area between alcohol-preferring and Wistar rats.

BACKGROUND A previous study indicated that selectively bred alcohol-preferring (P) rats self-administered ethanol (EtOH) directly into the ventral tegmental area (VTA), whereas the alcohol-nonpreferring line did not. Wistar rats will also self-administer EtOH directly into the posterior VTA. Because Wistar rats also have a low preference for EtOH solutions but self-inject EtOH into the VTA, this study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that there is an association between EtOH preference and sensitivity of the VTA to the reinforcing effects of EtOH. METHODS Adult P and Wistar rats were assigned to groups that received one of the following concentrations of EtOH: 0, 50, 75, 100, 150, or 200 mg/100 ml. Rats were connected to the microinjection system, placed into two-lever (active and inactive) experimental chambers, and given EtOH for the first four sessions (acquisition), artificial cerebrospinal fluid for sessions 5 and 6 (extinction), and EtOH again in session 7 (reinstatement). Responding on the active lever produced a 100-nl injection of the infusate. RESULTS P rats self-infused 75 to 200 mg/100 ml EtOH and demonstrated lever discrimination, whereas Wistar rats reliably self-infused only 150 and 200 mg/100 ml EtOH. Both P and Wistar rats reduced responding on the active lever when artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) was substituted for EtOH and reinstated responding in session 7 when EtOH was restored, although P rats demonstrated a very robust enhancement of responding for 100 and 150 mg/100 ml EtOH, and this was not found for Wistar rats. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that, compared with Wistar rats, the posterior VTA of P rats was more sensitive to the reinforcing effects of EtOH. Furthermore, the reinstatement data suggest that the posterior VTA of P rats underwent neuronal alterations as a result of prior EtOH exposure and extinction that changed the reinforcing effects of EtOH within this region.
Health care utilization and cost among health maintenance organization members with temporomandibular disorders.

AIMS Little has been reported on the use of health care services and consequent costs among persons with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). This project compared the use and cost of medical and dental care services for TMD patients and matched comparison subjects. METHODS Patients were continuously enrolled members of Kaiser Permanente Northwest Division who had at least 1 TMD Clinic visit or TMD-related procedure between January 1990 and December 1995 (n = 8,801). An equal number of comparison subjects were identified electronically and matched on 14 variables, including age and gender. Utilization and cost estimates were determined and compared for selected medical and dental services. RESULTS For both groups, the mean age was about 40.5 years, and approximately 80% were female. The TMD subjects used significantly more services than did comparison subjects and had mean costs that were 1.6 times higher for all services. Outpatient visits accounted for about 40% of the difference in mean costs. About 10% of TMD subjects and comparison subjects accounted for about 40% and 47% of the costs in each group, respectively. Female TMD subjects and comparison subjects had higher costs than their male counterparts, and male TMD subjects had higher costs than female comparison subjects. CONCLUSION Patients with TMD used more of all types of services and had higher costs. A small proportion of the subjects accounted for a large proportion of the costs. Gender was an important factor in utilization and cost. Utilization and cost differences were consistent over a wide range of service categories and could not be explained by TMD alone.
Response of boreal plant communities to variations in previous fire-free interval

The present study used overlapping burn scars from natural wildfires to examine the effects of changes in the fire-free interval on early successional plant communities in boreal forests of central Yukon Territory, Canada. Data on plant community composition and residual organic material were collected in the first decade of post-fire regeneration in two study areas with recent fire overlap. Sites with a shorter fire-free interval had reduced loads of deadwood and shallower organic layers after the most recent fire. Multivariate analysis of species cover indicated that sites in and out of the burn overlap zones also supported distinct plant communities. Differences in the plant communities were associated with a greater abundance of woody deciduous species, such as Populus tremuloides, Salix spp. , and Shepherdia canadensis, at sites that had recently re-burned. Sites that burned after a longer interval had higher moss cover and greater abundance of Picea mariana, Calamagrostis canadensis, and Ribes glandulosum in one study area, and Epilobium angustifolium in the second area. Ordinations of species cover indicated that plant community patterns were most strongly associated with gradients related to fire history and topography. In general, shorter fire-free intervals reduced pools of residual plant material and favored dominance of resprouting, woody deciduous species.
Antinomies of Islamic Movements under Globalization

CENTER FOR GLOBAL, INTERNATIONAL & REGIONAL STUDIES CA 95064 University of California, Santa Cruz • 232 College Eight • Santa Cruz, 831.459. 2833 (Voice) • 831.459. 3518 (Fax) Antinomies of Islamic Movements under Globalization Paul Lubeck University of California, Santa Cruz CGIRS Working Paper Series – WP#99-1 Center for Global International & Regional Studies http://www2.ucsc. edu/cgirs University of California, Santa Cruz http://www2.ucsc. edu/cgirs global@cats.ucsc. edu
Fluvial processes in Ma'adim Vallis and the potential of Gusev crater as a high priority site

According to exobiology site selection criteria for Mars, the search for potential extinct/extant water dependent life should focus on sites were water flowed and ponded. The Ma'adim Vallis/Gusev crater system is of high priority for exobiology research, because it appears to have involved long term flooding, different periods and rates of sedimentation, and probable episodic ponding. The topics covered include the following: evidence of nonuniform fluvial processes and early overflooding of the plateau and ponding.