Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kepentingan Nahu Arab dalam Menghafaz al-Quran

Kajian ini meninjau persepsi pelajar tahfiz terhadap kepentingan pengetahuan nahu Arab dalam menghafaz al-Quran. Untuk tujuan itu, satu set soal selidik jenis skala Likert telah diedarkan kepada pelajar tahfiz yangsedang mengikuti pengajian di Institusi Pengajian Tinggi (IPT). Dalam pemilihan responden, hanya mereka yang mempunyai pengetahuan bahasa Arab pada peringkat Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) sahaja dipilih. Kajian ini menggunakan teknik persampelan bertujuan (purposive sampling) menggunakan borang Google yang diedarkan melalui aplikasi WhatsApp . Seramai 109 orang pelajar daripada 21 buah IPT, sama ada di dalam mahupun luar negara telah menyertai kajian ini. 70.6% daripada para pelajar ini telah menghafaz 30 juzuk al-Quran dan majoriti daripada mereka (89%) mendapat prestasi cemerlang dalam peperiksaan bahasa Arab SPM. Analisis faktor dengan Kaedah Komponen Prinsipal menunjukkan kesahan konstruk item yang dibina, manakala nilai Cronbach Alfa melebihi 0.7 menunjukkan kebolehpercayaan item kajian. Dua faktor yang terbina sebagai konstruk kajian ini telah diekstrak daripada 15 item yang dikemukakan dan dinamai sebagai kepentingan nahu sebagai strategi hafazan dan kepentingan nahu sebagai faktor motivasi. Penentuan kedua-dua fungsi ini berdasarkan ciri-ciri item subkumpulan berkenaan. Analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahawa pelajar tahfiz mempunyai persepsi yang tinggi terhadap konstruk kepentingan nahu sebagai faktor motivasi. Manakala bagi kepentingan nahu sebagai strategi hafazan, responden menunjukkan persepsi sederhana tinggi. Dapatan ini memberikan indikator wujudnya kepentingan nahu Arab dalam pembelajaran hafazan al-Quran sebagai motivasi kepada pelajar tahfiz dan juga sebagai salah satu strategi menghafaz al-Quran. DOI: http://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2016-1602-06
Does Framing Integration in Pro-Diversity Terms Improve Attitudes Toward Newcomers? Assessing the Effects of Canadian Multiculturalism & Québécois Interculturalism

DOES FRAMING INTEGRATION IN PRO-DIVERSITY TERMS IMPROVE ATTITUDES TOWARD NEWCOMERS? ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF CANADIAN MULTICULTURALISM & QUÉBÉCOIS INTERCULTURALISM Colin Scott Advisor: University of Guelph, 2014 Dr. Saba Safdar Empirical research suggests that the way in which integration policies are framed with respect to their support for diversity can have a positive role in strengthening intergroup relations. In this thesis I outline the situational and individual factors that affect attitudes toward immigrants and present a survey experiment to asses the impact of several integration frames on measures of intergroup attitudes, feelings and evaluations under threatening and non-threatening conditions. Hierarchical moderated multiple regression analyses support existing research that integration frames can improve attitudes toward immigrants by reducing the relationship between social dominance orientation and prejudice, but not zero-sum belief and multicultural ideology; this effect increased as the hierarchy-attenuating nature of the integration frame increased. Findings are framed within the Canadian context by comparing Canada’s multicultural model of immigrant integration with the emerging model of interculturalism in Québec.
Conjoining Three Auditory Features: An Event-Related Brain Potential Study

The mechanisms of auditory feature processing and conjunction were examined with event-related brain potential (ERP) recording in a task in which participants responded to target tones defined by the combination of location, frequency, and duration features amid distractor tones varying randomly along all feature dimensions. Attention effects were isolated as negative difference (Nd) waves by subtracting ERPs to tones with no target features from ERPs to tones with one, two, or three target features. Nd waves were seen to all tones sharing a single feature with the target, including tones sharing only target duration. Nd waves associated with the analysis of frequency and location features began at latencies of 60 msec, whereas Nd-Duration waves began at 120 msec. Nd waves to tones with single target features continued until 400+ msec, suggesting that once begun, the analysis of tone features continued exhaustively to conclusion. Nd-Frequency and Nd-Location waves had distinct scalp distributions, consistent with generation in different auditory cortical areas. Three stages of feature processing were identified: (1) Parallel feature processing (60-140 msec): Nd waves combined linearly, such that Nd-wave amplitudes following tones with two or three target features were equal to the sum of the Nd waves elicited by tones with only one target feature. (2) Conjunction-specific (CS) processing (140-220 msec): Nd amplitudes were enhanced following tones with any pair of attended features. (3) Target-specific (TS) processing (220-300 msec): Nd amplitudes were specifically enhanced to target tones with all three features. These results are consistent with a facilitatory interactive feature analysis (FIFA) model in which feature conjunction is associated with the amplified processing of individual stimulus features. Activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors is proposed to underlie the FIFA process.
CAWSAC: Cost-Aware Workload Scheduling and Admission Control for Distributed Cloud Data Centers

Multiple heterogeneous applications concurrently run in distributed cloud data centers (CDCs) for better performance and lower cost. There is a highly challenging problem of how to minimize the total cost of a CDCs provider in a market where the bandwidth and energy cost show geographical diversity. To solve the problem, this paper first proposes a revenue-based workload admission control method to judiciously admit requests by considering factors including priority, revenue and the expected response time. Then, this paper presents a cost-aware workload scheduling method to jointly optimize the number of active servers in each CDC, and the selection of Internet service providers for the CDCs provider. Finally, trace-driven simulation results demonstrate that the proposed methods can greatly reduce the total cost and increase the throughput of the CDCs provider in comparison to existing methods. Note to Practitioners-A cloud provider deploys its applications in geographically distributed CDCs to improve stability and reliability. For cost and performance, each CDC provides services through multiple ISPs that deliver traffic between millions of users and the CDCs provider. The geographical diversity of the bandwidth and energy cost brings the CDCs provider a big challenge of how to minimize the bandwidth and energy cost of the CDCs provider. This paper first proposes a revenue-based workload admission control method to selectively admit requests. Then, this paper proposes a cost-aware workload scheduling method to allocate requests among multiple available Internet service providers connecting to distributed CDCs. The scheduling strategy can intelligently dispatch requests, and achieve lower cost and higher throughput for the CDCs provider.
Misery Loves Company

In three experiments, the authors investigated the effects of sadness on the desire for social connectedness. They hypothesized that sadness serves an adaptive function by motivating people to reach out to others and preferentially attend to information related to one’s current level of social connectedness, but only when it is instigated by social loss. Consistent with this hypothesis, the authors observed that sadness induced by an emotional depiction of social loss enhanced (a) attention to nonverbal cues, an important source of information concerning an individual’s current level of social connectedness (Experiment 1), and (b) the desire to engage in social behaviors (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3 the authors found that sadness that results from imagined social loss uniquely produced this pattern of effects. Sadness that resulted from imagined failure had different effects on motivation and no effect on sensitivity to nonverbal cues. These results support and refine functional explanations for the universality of sadness.
Epidemiology of and Diagnostic Strategies for Toxoplasmosis

SUMMARY The apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii was discovered a little over 100 years ago, but knowledge of its biological life cycle and its medical importance has grown in the last 40 years. This obligate intracellular parasite was identified early as a pathogen responsible for congenital infection, but its clinical expression and the importance of reactivations of infections in immunocompromised patients were recognized later, in the era of organ transplantation and HIV infection. Recent knowledge of host cell-parasite interactions and of parasite virulence has brought new insights into the comprehension of the pathophysiology of infection. In this review, we focus on epidemiological and diagnostic aspects, putting them in perspective with current knowledge of parasite genotypes. In particular, we provide critical information on diagnostic methods according to the patient's background and discuss the implementation of screening tools for congenital toxoplasmosis according to health policies.
Eldana saccharina sex appeal: a future method to monitor and control this pest?

The first step towards integrated pest management is the timely detection of pest infestation. Insect traps not only allow detection and monitoring of a pest problem but also provide estimates regarding pest population density. Monitoring pest populations with pheromone-baited traps is one of the most useful applications derived from basic research in chemical ecology. Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) has been an important pest throughout the South African sugar industry for more than 40 years. Nevertheless, a pheromone based monitoring system and the possibility of the use of pheromones in a mating disruption approach to control, remain elusive. In order to investigate the sex pheromone signal sent by E. saccharina males, laboratory based behavioural experiments have revealed different degrees of attraction depending on the sex, condition and age of the moth. Indeed, whereas females and males are both significantly attracted by calling males, only females significantly preferred the odour emanating from male hair pencils, and none reacted to extracts from these hair pencils. In addition, preliminary electroantennography experiments demonstrated that vanillin, previously identified as a major pheromonal compound of E. saccharina, is not detected by the moths. Therefore, a new investigation of the hair pencil gland extract is needed, which could lead to a breakthrough in the understanding of E. saccharina sexual attraction and behaviour.
Estimating bank default with generalised extreme value models

This paper considers the joint role of macroeconomic and bankspecific factors in explaining the occurrence of bank failures. As bank failures are, fortunately, rare, we apply a regression model, based on extreme value theory, that turns out to be more effective than classical logistic regression models. The application of this model to the occurrence of bank defaults in Italy shows that, while capital ratios considered by the regulatory requirements of Basel III are extremely significant to explain proper failures, macroeconomic conditions are relevant only when failures are defined also in terms of merger and acquisition. We also apply the joint beta regression model, in order to estimate the factors that most contribute to the bank capital ratios monitored by Basel III. Our results show that the Tier 1 capital ratio and the Total capital ratio are affected by similar variables, at the micro and macroeconomic level. An important outcome of this part of the analysis is that capital ratio variables can be taken as reasonable proxies of distress, at least as far as the effect sign of the determinants of failure risk is being considered.
The human gut and groundwater harbor non-photosynthetic bacteria belonging to a new candidate phylum sibling to Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria were responsible for the oxygenation of the ancient atmosphere; however, the evolution of this phylum is enigmatic, as relatives have not been characterized. Here we use whole genome reconstruction of human fecal and subsurface aquifer metagenomic samples to obtain complete genomes for members of a new candidate phylum sibling to Cyanobacteria, for which we propose the designation ‘Melainabacteria’. Metabolic analysis suggests that the ancestors to both lineages were non-photosynthetic, anaerobic, motile, and obligately fermentative. Cyanobacterial light sensing may have been facilitated by regulators present in the ancestor of these lineages. The subsurface organism has the capacity for nitrogen fixation using a nitrogenase distinct from that in Cyanobacteria, suggesting nitrogen fixation evolved separately in the two lineages. We hypothesize that Cyanobacteria split from Melainabacteria prior or due to the acquisition of oxygenic photosynthesis. Melainabacteria remained in anoxic zones and differentiated by niche adaptation, including for symbiosis in the mammalian gut. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.01102. 001
Dynamic dead space in face masks used with noninvasive ventilators: a lung model study

The aim of this study was to determine what the influence of different designs of face masks and different noninvasive ventilator modes would be upon total dynamic dead space. Using a spontaneous breathing model, total dynamic dead space was measured when using 19 commercially available face masks and a range of ventilators in various ventilation modes. Total dynamic dead space during spontaneous ventilation was increased above physiological dead space from 32% to 42% of tidal volume by using face masks. The use of noninvasive ventilation modes such as bilevel and continuous positive airway pressure, with continuous pressure throughout the expiratory phase, reduced total dynamic dead space to approach physiological dead space with most face masks. Pressure assist and pressure support ventilation decreased total dynamic dead space to a lesser degree, from 42% to 39% of tidal volume. Face masks with expiratory ports over the nasal bridge resulted in beneficial flow characteristics within the face mask and nasal cavity, so as to decrease total dynamic dead space to less than physiological dead space from 42% to 28.5% of tidal volume. Exhaust ports over the nasal bridge in face masks effect important decreases in dynamic dead space provided positive pressure throughout the expiratory phase is used.
A Memetic Framework for Cooperative Co-evolutionary Feedforward Neural Networks

Cooperative co-evolution has been a major approach in neuro-evolution. Memetic computing approaches employ local refinement to selected individuals in a population. The use of crossover-based local refinement has gained attention in memetic computing. This work proposes a cooperative co-evolutionary framework that utilises the strength of local refinement from memetic computing. It employs a crossover-based local search for refinement. The proposed framework is used for training feedforward neural networks on pattern classification problems. The results show that the proposed approach can achieve better performance than the standard cooperative coevolution framework.
Drowsiness in Conditional Automation: Proneness, diagnosis and driving performance effects

Fatigue and drowsiness can play an important role in Conditional Automation (CA), as drowsy drivers may fail to properly recover control. In order to provide better insight in the effects of drowsy driving in Take Over Request (TOR), we designed a driving experiment that extends related literature in drowsiness research CA with self-rated subjective drowsiness, and analyze TOR performance adopting methods from recent TOR publications. Results show that under certain conditions, drivers are very prone to drowsiness. Specifically, in this study the majority of subjects reported a high level of drowsiness before 15 minutes. Furthermore, this self-perceived drowsiness was followed by a decrement in vehicle lateral control during TOR. In this time frame, remaining driving performance and eye-tracking related metrics did not show significant decrements traditionally associated with fatigue and drowsiness, suggesting self-report to be more indicative of drowsiness than eye-based metrics.
Ensemble of Adaptive Algorithms for Keystroke Dynamics

Biometric systems have been applied to improve the security of several computational systems. These systems analyse physiological or behavioural features obtained from the users in order to perform authentication. Biometric features should ideally meet a number of requirements, including permanence. In biometrics, permanence means that the analysed biometric feature will not change over time. However, recent studies have shown that this is not the case for several biometric modalities. Adaptive biometric systems deal with this issue by adapting the user model over time. Some algorithms for adaptive biometrics have been investigated and compared in the literature. In machine learning, several studies show that the combination of individual techniques in ensembles may lead to more accurate and stable decision models. This paper investigates the usage of some ensemble approaches to combine the output of current adaptive algorithms for biometrics. The experiments are carried out on keystroke dynamics, a biometric modality known to be subject to change over time.
Entropy Rate for Hidden Markov Chains with rare transitions

We consider Hidden Markov Chains obtained by passing a Markov Chain with rare transitions through a noisy memoryless channel. We obtain asymptotic estimates for the entropy of the resulting Hidden Markov Chain as the transition rate is reduced to zero. Let (Xn) be a Markov chain with finite state space S and transition matrix P(p) and let (Yn) be the Hidden Markov chain observed by passing (Xn) through a homogeneous noisy memoryless channel (i.e. Y takes values in a set T, and there exists a matrix Q such that P(Yn = jjXn = i;X n−1 −1 ;X 1+1;Y n−1 −1 ;Y 1 n+1) = Qij). We make the additional assumption on the channel that the rows of Q are distinct. In this case we call the channel statistically distinguishing. We assume that P(p) is of the form I + pA where A is a matrix with negative entries on the diagonal, non-negative entries in the off-diagonal terms and zero row sums. We further assume that for small positive p, the Markov chain with transition matrix P(p) is irreducible. Notice that for Markov chains of this form, the invariant distribution (�i)i2 S does not depend on p. In this case, we say that for small positive values of p, the Markov chain is in a rare transition regime. We will adopt the convention that H is used to denote the entropy of a fi- nite partition, whereas h is used to denote the entropy of a process (the en- tropy rate in information theory terminology). Given an irreducible Markov chain with transition matrix P, we let h(P) be the entropy of the Markov chain (i.e. h(P) = − P i;jiPij logPij wherei is the (unique) invariant distribution of the Markov chain and as usual we adopt the convention that 0log0 = 0). We also let Hchan(i) be the entropy of the output of the channel when the input symbol is i (i.e. Hchan(i) = − P j2 T Qij logQij). Let h(Y ) denote the entropy of Y (i.e.
Job satisfaction stability increases over time: meta-analysis and fifteen-year longitudinal study

I investigate the stability of job satisfaction under the hypothesis that stability increases with employee age and work experience. This idea is tested via both meta-analytic evidence and a 15year longitudinal data set with four waves of observation. The target phenomenon—i.e., the increase in job satisfaction stability across time—is specified as a moderator effect of age or tenure on the relationship between job satisfaction at time t and job satisfaction at time t + 1. Results indicate that job satisfaction stability increases with age and tenure at both the betweenpersons and within-persons levels of analysis. At the between-persons level of analysis, rankorder correlations for job satisfaction increase with age and job tenure in linear and nonlinear patterns, based on meta-analysis (Study 1). At the within-persons level of analysis, results suggest that the intra-individual lagged effect of early job satisfaction on later job satisfaction also increases with age and tenure (Study 2). I further show additional moderators of job satisfaction stability, including time lag, job change, and organization change.
ErbB4 Signaling During Breast and Neural Development: Novel Genetic Models Reveal Unique ErbB4 Activities

The erbB4 gene encodes one of the four members of the mammalian ErbB family of transmembrane tyrosine kinases. The ErbB4 protein plays a role as a receptor for the neuregulins, a large group of structurally related molecules and a few other epidermal growth factor (EGF)-related polypeptides, such as heparin-binding EGF, betacellulin and epiregulin. The importance of this receptor tyrosine kinase in development has been demonstrated by the generation of mice with a targeted inactivation of the erbB4 gene. Such mice die by embryonic day eleven due to defective trabeculation in the heart, precluding analysis of phenotypes at later stages in development and in the adult. Now, using two unique genetic approaches our laboratories succeeded in overcoming this obstacle. In the first approach, the heart defects of ErbB4 null mutant mice were rescued by transgenic expression of an ErbB4 cDNA under a cardiac-specific myosin promoter. This allowed the generation of ErbB4 mutants that develop into adulthood and are fertile. In the second approach, the role of ErbB4 during mammary gland development was specifically addressed by Cre-mediated deletion of both erbB4 alleles within the mammary epithelium. Bellow we discuss the progress made studying these genetic models in understanding the physiological roles of ErbB4 with a focus on the mammary gland and the nervous system.
University students’ support to penalty enhancement for hate crime

Abstract Laws enabling penalty enhancement for crimes motivated by hostility or prejudice, i.e. hate crimes, have become common in many countries. However, laws as a measure against hate crimes have been contested, because their deterrent effect has gained none or little support in the (limited) literature, and they may be considered symbolic rather than deterrent. This study investigates attitudes towards penalty enhancement for hate crimes. Previous empirical investigations of this question are scarce. The material consists of a survey targeting nearly 3000 Swedish university students. Support for penalty enhancement for hate crime was moderate, shown by one third of the total sample. Results supported the premise that students belonging to a minority group, assumed to be at risk of hate crime victimization, agree to a higher extent of penalty enhancement than students belonging to the majority. Previous victimization experiences and worrying about being victimized were not significantly related to punitive attitudes. However, respondents who perceived the risk of victimization to be increased for minority groups in general were more likely to support penalty enhancement for hate crime. Findings should be confirmed in a nationally representative sample since the public’s perspective on the criminal justice system is important for understanding and dealing with the social problem of hate crime.