Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leadership Practices in Hospital Nursing: A Self of Manager Nurses.

OBJECTIVE To assess the frequency of the leadership practices performed by the manager nurses of hospital institutions and their association with the variables of the socioprofessional profile. METHOD Cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational study conducted in four hospitals in a city of the state of São Paulo. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the instrument Leadership Practices Inventory were used. Data collection and analysis were based on an exemplary Leadership Practices Model. RESULTS Eighty-four manager nurses participated in the study. The mean values of the leadership practices used by the nurses were: enable others to act (50.6); encourage the heart (48.2); model the way (46.7); challenge the process (43.3); and inspire a shared vision (43.1). Data analysis also evidenced a correlation between the practice encourage the heart and the variables time of care and employment relationship. Conclusion The study evidenced the presence of manager nurses exercising moderate leadership, and promoting teamwork, an environment of trust, and a horizontal vision. However, moderate values also reveal managerial aspects to be improved by the leaders by means of organizational strategies and/or tools aimed at best leadership practices. OBJETIVO Avaliar a frequência das práticas de liderança executadas pelos enfermeiros gerentes de instituições hospitalares e sua associação às variáveis do perfil socioprofissional. MÉTODO Estudo transversal, descritivo e correlacional, realizado em quatro hospitaisde um município do interior paulista. Utilizou-se de questionário sociodemográfico e do instrumento Leadership Practices Inventory. A coleta e a análise de dados foram fundamentadas em um Modelo de Práticas para Liderança exemplar. RESULTADOS Participaram 84 enfermeiros gerentes. As médias das práticas de liderança utilizadas pelos enfermeiros foram: capacitar os outros a agir (50,6), encorajar o coração (48,2), traçar o caminho (46,7), desafiar o processo (43,3) e inspirar uma visão compartilhada (43,1). Na análise dos dados também se constatou correlação entre a prática encoraje o coração e as variáveis tempo de assistência e vínculo empregatício. CONCLUSÃO O estudo constatou a presença de enfermeiros gerentes exercendo liderança moderada, promovendo o trabalho em equipe, propiciando um clima de confiança e visão horizontalizada. No entanto, os valores moderados também revelam aspectos gerenciais a serem aprimorados pelos líderes, por meio de ferramentas e/ou estratégias organizacionais em busca de melhores práticas de liderança.
Effects of heated seat and foot heater on thermal comfort and heater energy consumption in vehicle

Subjective experiments involving 12 different conditions were conducted to investigate the effects of heated seats and foot heaters in vehicles on thermal sensation and thermal comfort. The experimental conditions involved various combinations of the operative temperature in the test room (10 or 20°C), a heated seat (on/off) and a foot heater (room operative temperature +10 or +20°C). The heated seat and foot heater improved the occupant's thermal sensation and comfort in cool environments. The room operative temperature at which the occupants felt a ‘neutral’ overall thermal sensation was decreased by about 3°C by using the heated seat or foot heater and by about 6°C when both devices were used. Moreover, the effects of these devices on vehicle heater energy consumption were investigated using simulations. As a result, it was revealed that heated seats and foot heaters can reduce the total heater energy consumption of vehicles. Statement of Relevance: Subjective experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of heated seats and foot heaters in vehicles on thermal comfort. The heated seat and foot heater improved the occupant's thermal sensation and comfort in cool environments. These devices can reduce the total heater energy consumption in vehicles.
Qualitative Behaviour Assessment of Dairy Cows Housed in Tie- and Free Stall Housing Systems

Qualitative behaviour assessment (QBA) is an important component in animal welfare studies. This method is based on the integration by observers of perceived animal behaviour, using qualitative descriptors such as â€˜calmâ€™, â€˜agitatedâ€™, â€˜aggressiveâ€™, â€˜indifferentâ€™, â€˜sociableâ€™ etc. The QBA summarises the different aspects of the animalâ€™s â€˜dynamic style of interactionâ€™ with its environment (Wemelsfelder et al., 2001). Recent studies show that QBA can be a valuable tool for assessing behavioural expression in farm animals under field conditions (Brscic et al., 2009; Wemelsfelder and Millard, 2009).
An algorithm for classification of five types of defects on bare printed circuit board

: This paper presents a technique for classification of five types of defect on bare printed circuit board (PCB). Due to decisions made by human inspectors often involve subjective judgment, in addition to being intensive and therefore costly, an automated approach for printed circuit board inspection is preferred to eliminate subjective aspects and provides fast, quantitative, and dimensional assessments. In this research, image understanding is the important part in the inspection of printed circuit boards in order to detect defects and then classify them to several groups. Defect classification is an essential part in this research in order to identify the source of defects. Due to the importance of defect classification, a new algorithm for PCB defect classification are proposed which consist of well-known conventional operations such as image difference, image subtraction, image addition, and image comparison, for the classification of five different defects, namely, missing hole, pin hole, underetch, short-circuit, and open-circuit, successfully.
DOSIMETRY IN RADIATION DOSE MEASUREMENT OF PAEDIATRIC PATIENTS IN ESTONIA

DOSIMETRY IN RADIATION DOSE MEASUREMENT OF PAEDIATRIC PATIENTS IN ESTONIA Kepler K, Lintrop M, Servomaa A, Filippova I, Parviainen T , Eek V 1 Training Centre of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia 2 Department of Radiology, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia 3 STUK Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Helsinki Finland 4 Estonian Radiation Protection Centre (ERPC), Tallinn, Estonia
An Account of Opinion Implicatures

While previous sentiment analysis research has concentrated on the interpretation of explicitly stated opinions and attitudes, this work initiates the computational study of a type of opinion implicature (i.e., opinion-oriented inference) in text. This paper described a rule-based framework for representing and analyzing opinion implicatures which we hope will contribute to deeper automatic interpretation of subjective language. In the course of understanding implicatures, the system recognizes implicit sentiments (and beliefs) toward various events and entities in the sentence, often attributed to different sources (holders) and of mixed polarities; thus, it produces a richer interpretation than is typical in opinion analysis.
Micro‐Credit Programme Evaluation: A Critical Review

summary Micro‐credit programmes have emerged as an antipoverty instrument in many low‐income countries. They target the poor, especially women, with financial services to help them become self‐employed in rural non‐farm activities of their choice. In contrast, micro‐credit programmes of the village banks supported by Accion International or Women's World Banking provide financial services in response to market failures in which formal financial institutions failed to cater financial services to small‐ and medium‐scale enterprises. No matter whether they are instruments for poverty reduction or market failure, micro‐credit programmes practice financial intermediation for their targeted clienteles. The article reviews the methodologies practiced to evaluate micro‐credit programmes, provides a unified framework for anlaysis, and discusses future research directions.
Asylum Destination Choice

This article examines what explains the relative attractiveness of West European countries as a destination for asylum seekers. Individuals coming to Western Europe in order to lodge an asylum application are modelled as utility maximizers who choose the destination country that offers the highest net benefit. This benefit is seen as a function of economic attractiveness, generosity of welfare provisions, deterrent policy measures, hostility towards foreigners and asylum seekers, existing asylum communities, colonial and language links as well as geographical proximity. Results from a large dyadic panel over the time period from 1982 to 1999 demonstrate the impact that these fundamental determinants have on asylum destination choice. The implications of the results for the ongoing debates over fair burden-sharing are complex because they provide arguments for two conflicting interpretations of burden-sharing as either financial side payments or the physical reallocation of asylum seekers.
TYPE-ONE PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE4 Regulates Pavement Cell Interdigitation by Modulating PIN-FORMED1 Polarity and Trafficking in Arabidopsis1

Interaction with a protein phosphatase and dephosphorylation affects the polar localization and endocytic trafficking of an auxin-related membrane protein and its impact on cell pattern formation. In plants, cell morphogenesis is dependent on intercellular auxin accumulation. The polar subcellular localization of the PIN-FORMED (PIN) protein is crucial for this process. Previous studies have shown that the protein kinase PINOID (PID) and protein phosphatase6-type phosphatase holoenzyme regulate the phosphorylation status of PIN1 in root tips and shoot apices. Here, we show that a type-one protein phosphatase, TOPP4, is essential for the formation of interdigitated pavement cell (PC) pattern in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf. The dominant-negative mutant topp4-1 showed severely inhibited interdigitated PC growth. Expression of topp4-1 gene in wild-type plants recapitulated the PC defects in the mutant. Genetic analyses suggested that TOPP4 and PIN1 likely function in the same pathway to regulate PC morphogenesis. Furthermore, colocalization, in vitro and in vivo protein interaction studies, and dephosphorylation assays revealed that TOPP4 mediated PIN1 polar localization and endocytic trafficking in PCs by acting antagonistically with PID to modulate the phosphorylation status of PIN1. In addition, TOPP4 affects the cytoskeleton pattern through the Rho of Plant GTPase-dependent auxin-signaling pathway. Therefore, we conclude that TOPP4-regulated PIN1 polar targeting through direct dephosphorylation is crucial for PC morphogenesis in the Arabidopsis leaf.
Abdominal aortic dilatation in Japanese residents

The correlation between abdominal aortic dilatation and arteriosclerotic risk factors was studied in 2514 Japanese residents (947 men, 1567 women, mean age 70 years old). The aortic diameter was measured by ultrasound and an aortic dilatation was defined as above 30 mm in diameter, including abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Forty-three (1.7%) patients with a dilated aorta and 2471 with a normal-sized aorta were compared. Abdominal aortic dilatation was significantly (p<0.01) more frequent in men than in women (3% vs 0.7%). Obesity and hyperlipidemia were slightly (p<0.1) more frequent in patients with a dilated aorta than in those with a normal-sized aorta. There were no significant differences between the two groups in mean age, frequency of smoking, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease. In conclusion, male obesity and hyperlipidemia may be risk factors for aortic dilatation in Japan. Women may not be screened because of cost-effectiveness. The prevalence of aortic dilatation in Japan was lower than in European countries. However, screening for AAA using ultrasound would be advantageous when considering the grave prognoses of ruptured AAA.
Reproducing Spaces of Chinese Urbanisation: New City-based and Land-centred Urban Transformation

China's spaces of urbanisation in the 1980s and early 1990s were occupied primarily by the interests of rural industrialisation and town development. Since the mid 1990s, China's urban spaces have been reproduced through a city-based and land-centred process of urbanisation in which large cities managed to reassert their leading positions in an increasingly competitive, globalising and urbanising economy. This study analyses changes in China's nonagricultural land in relation to the growth and structural changes of Chinese cities. A systematic analysis of three sets of data reveals a high intensity and great unevenness of non-agricultural land use in the country. China had 29.5 million hectares of non-agricultural land in 1996, which accounted for only 3 per cent of the national land mass. Over 80 per cent of the recent increase in non-agricultural land use was caused by the expansion of urban and rural settlements, industrialisation and numerous 'development zones'. A comparative analysis of land use data and Landsat images identifies two concurrent processes of urbanisation and non-agricultural land use change. Rapid urban sprawl of large cities, driven by the expansion of ring-roads and setting up of 'development zones', has contributed to the conversion of farmland into nonagricultural uses. At the same time, rural industrialisation and a housing boom have given rise to a dispersed pattern of non-agricultural land development all over the country. Given the pervasive influence of the forces of continuing urbanisation and globalisation, the state's attempt to protect China's dwindling farmland will not reverse the trend of increasing non-agricultural land use, but are likely to slow the pace of land conversion. Anecdotal evidence such as 'hollow villages' and idle land in numerous encircled 'development zones' suggests that there exist ways for China to use its non-agricultural land more efficiently and economically than hitherto.
Combining Analytical Hierarchy Process and Topsis Approaches for Supplier Selection in a Cable Company

In the competitive business environment of the 21st century, organizations must reply quickly and precisely to customer demands. The choice of suppliers and their performance assessment are becoming major challenges that face supply chain managers or directors. Evaluating suppliers and selecting one of them are complicated tasks due to the fact that various criteria or objectives must be considered in the decision making process. Also in many real world cases the criteria are not equally important for the purchase managers. In this study, we proposed a supplier selection analysis model considering both Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. Subjective and objective opinions of purchase managers/experts turn into quantitative form with AHP. TOPSIS technique is used for calculating the supplier’s ratings. The aim of this paper is to determine the appropriate supplier providing the most customer satisfaction for the criteria identified in the supply chain. In this paper, data taken from a well-known cable manufacturing company in Turkey is used to illustrate the supplier selection procedure. Due to the fact that main raw material used in all cables, the company strongly focuses on supply of the Electrolytic Copper Cathode. The company detects eight different criteria for procurement of the Electrolytic Copper Cathode. These are origin, quality, availability, cost, delivery requirements, cost of conveyance, reliability of supplier and quality certificates. There are four firms providing the Electrolytic Copper Cathode for the company.
Public Professionals and Policy implementation

Abstract Nowadays, public policies often focus on economic values, such as efficiency and financial transparency. Public professionals often resist implementing such policies. We analyse this using the concept of ‘role conflicts’. We use a novel approach by conceptualizing and measuring role conflicts on the policy level, thereby linking policy implementation and social psychology research. We construct and test scales for policy-client, policy-professional and organizational-professional role conflicts. Using survey data, we show that policy-professional and policy-client role conflicts negatively influence the willingness of public professionals to implement policies. In concluding, we conceptualized and measured three role conflicts that can occur during policy implementation.
Experience of automation failures in training: effects on trust, automation bias, complacency and performance

Abstract This work examined the effects of operators’ exposure to various types of automation failures in training. Forty-five participants were trained for 3.5 h on a simulated process control environment. During training, participants either experienced a fully reliable, automatic fault repair facility (i.e. faults detected and correctly diagnosed), a misdiagnosis-prone one (i.e. faults detected but not correctly diagnosed) or a miss-prone one (i.e. faults not detected). One week after training, participants were tested for 3 h, experiencing two types of automation failures (misdiagnosis, miss). The results showed that automation bias was very high when operators trained on miss-prone automation encountered a failure of the diagnostic system. Operator errors resulting from automation bias were much higher when automation misdiagnosed a fault than when it missed one. Differences in trust levels that were instilled by the different training experiences disappeared during the testing session. Practitioner Summary: The experience of automation failures during training has some consequences. A greater potential for operator errors may be expected when an automatic system failed to diagnose a fault than when it failed to detect one.
Activation of the Na-K-Cl Cotransporter NKCC1 Detected with a Phospho-specific Antibody*

The Na-K-Cl cotransporter NKCC1 is activated by phosphorylation of a regulatory domain in its N terminus. In the accompanying paper (Darman, R. B., and Forbush, B. (2002)J. Biol. Chem. 277, 37542–37550), we identify three phosphothreonines important in this process. Using a phospho-specific antibody (anti-phospho-NKCC1 antibody R5) raised against a diphosphopeptide containing Thr212 and Thr217of human NKCC, we were readily able to monitor the cotransporter activation state. In 32P phosphorylation experiments with rectal gland tubules, we show that the R5 antibody signal is proportional to the amount of 32P incorporated into NKCC1; and in experiments with NKCC1-transfected HEK-293 cells, we demonstrate that R5-detected phosphorylation directly mirrors functional activation. Immunofluorescence analysis of shark rectal gland shows activation-dependent R5 antibody staining along the basolateral membrane. In perfused rat parotid glands, isoproterenol induced staining of both acinar and ductal cells along the basolateral membrane. Isoproterenol also induced basolateral staining of the epithelial cells in rat trachea, whereas basal cells in the subepithelial tissue displayed heavy, non-polarized staining of the cell membrane. In rat colon, agonist stimulation induced staining along the basolateral membrane of crypt cells. These data provide direct evidence of NKCC1 regulation in these tissues, and they further link phosphorylation of NKCC1 with its activation in transfected cells and native tissue. The high conservation of the regulatory threonine residues among NKCC1, NKCC2, and NCC family members, together with the fact that tissues from divergent vertebrate species exhibit similar R5-binding profiles, lends further support to the role of this regulatory locus in vivo.
[Movement disorders of functional origin (psychogenic) in children].

PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixteen cases of functional (psychogenic) pediatric movement disorders (PMD) have been analyzed. They represents 2.4% of a PMD personal series (age of onset less than 18). RESULTS Apart from a case, age of onset was older than 10 years. 81% (13/16 cases) were females. Tremor (68%) was the predominant abnormal movement followed by mioclonus. These facts are according with the scarce studies reported of functional PMD. We emphasize the diagnostic difficulties of this kind of conditions. CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic clues are age of onset older than 10 years, female gender, clinical inconsistency of the movement, increasing or decreasing of the movements with attention to the movements or distraction, normality of the exams including neurophysiological studies. However in some cases a follow-up is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Sultanism in Eastern Europe: The Socio-Political Roots of Authoritarian Populism in Belarus

experiencing severe political and economic difficulties in the process of systemic transformation. Gibson identifies the key dangers to the 'new democracies' as '. the authoritarian propensities of leaders, the intolerance of mass publics, the explosion of crime and social anomie'. 1 These dangers have been present in all the post-Soviet states. However, under the rule of President Alyaksandr Lukashenka, Belarus has become a notable exception, not only falling out of the flow of the wider processes of democratisation and marketisation but also forming a unique example of failure to create a legitimate post-Soviet nation and state. It has become a state whose official policy of seeking to be incorporated into a union-based relationship with the Russian Federation means that it continues to tread a difficult path between rejection of the consequences of independence and sovereignty on the one hand and the paradox of trying to preserve that independent status within a new or renewed (con)federation on the other.
Entrepreneurial Choice Over Time under Conditions of Uncertainty

IN THIS PAPER we analyze the way that a firm which operates under uncertainty will behave during the current period and over time. To do so, we develop a new multi-stage model of the firm which has-as we show belowinteresting implications both for economic theory and for econometric research. The paper's main results are summarized in two theorems in Section 2. The first of these theorems shows that an entrepreneur who operates under uncertainty will behave in each period as if he were attempting to maximizesubject to production and financial constraints-a strictly concave one-stage objective function whose arguments represent: (1) the dividends which the firm pays during the period, and (2) the firm's end-of-period asset-and-financing structure. The second theorem shows that, if it is possible to represent the behavior over time of prices and certain other parameters by random processes, then the firm's behavior over time (as reflected during each period in the inputs it uses, the output it produces, the dividends it pays, and the end-ofperiod asset-and-financing structure it selects) can also be represented by well-defined random processes. The proofs of both theorems are given in the Appendix.