Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computer-aided Detection in Screening Mammography : Variability in Cues 1

Author contributions: Guarantor of integrity of entire study, J.A. B. ; study concepts, J.A. B. , J.Y. L. , C.E. F. ; study design, all authors; literature research, J.A. B. , J.Y. L. ; clinical and experimental studies, J.A. B. ; data acquisition, J.A. B. , J.Y. L. ; data analysis/ interpretation, all authors; statistical analysis, all authors; manuscript preparation and definition of intellectual content, all authors; manuscript editing, J.A. B. , J.Y. L. , C.E. F. ; manuscript revision/review and final version approval, all authors © RSNA, 2004 Computer-aided Detection in Screening Mammography: Variability in Cues
Self‐esteem and self‐certainty: a mediational analysis

Self‐esteem has been found to be related to the certainty with which specific self‐conceptions are held. This study tested a number of competing accounts for this relationship, using a more rigorous idiographic approach. Specifically, it was thought that the relationship between self‐esteem and self‐certainty might be mediated by self‐concept clarity, the positivity of specific self‐conceptions, and impression management concerns. However, none of these fully mediated the relationship between self‐esteem and self‐certainty. Participants with higher self‐esteem were more certain of their central self‐conceptions than were those with lower self‐esteem. This was true even though participants were allowed to generate their most relevant and central self‐conceptions themselves. Discussion focuses on the role of social information in the possibly direct relationship between self‐esteem and self‐certainty. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Primary Teachers' beliefs about Scientific Creativity in the Classroom Context

While a number of studies have investigated people's perceptions or conceptions of creativity, there is a lack of studies looking into science teachers' views. The study aimed to explore the meanings of scientific creativity in the classroom context as perceived by a selective group of upper primary (Grades 3–6; student ages 8–12) science teachers (n = 16) in Taiwan. Using a self-report, open-ended questionnaire and follow-up interviews, the participants responded to questions as to (1) what quality, behaviours and abilities characterise a creative learner in their science classrooms, (2) what a science classroom should be like if it is to facilitate scientific creativity, and (3) whether and what particular elements of the inquiry approach are incorporated in such a classroom. The analyses revealed that the teachers captured the central features of creativity and proposed diverse ideas about how to foster creativity in school science, but seemed to overlook some aspects, such as convergent thinking, problem-finding, and linking the arts and science. These missing features are regarded as important for scientific creativity in contemporary research. The findings were discussed along with their implications for teacher education and future research.
Mental health and work performance: Results of a longitudinal field study

Results from a two-year longitudinal field study supported the hypothesized positive relationship between mental health and subsequent work performance. Relative (retest correlational analysis) and absolute (change in mean level) stability analyses established mental health as a consistent and stable trait. The importance of dispositional (trait) explanations for organizational behaviours are discussed.
Online Power Management with Embedded Offline-Optimized Parameters for a Three-Source Hybrid Powertrain with an Experimental Emulation Application

Real-time power management in the presence of one or more reversible energy storage systems is a current issue with hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). To evaluate the potentials of rule-based power management, optimization with respect to two conflicting objectives, fuel consumption and state of charge (SoC) deviation, is considered in this contribution. A modular structure of power management with decoupled offline and online parts is presented. The online part incorporates look-up tables (LUTs) with parameters from the offline optimization part. This permits an inclusion of more LUTs corresponding to different drive patterns. The goal of this contribution is to combine the real-time applicability of rule-based power management and the multi-objective optimization property of genetic algorithms in a single control strategy. Component aging problems are addressed by suitable design. The influence of sizing is investigated. Finally, an experimental setup consisting of components capable of realizing the dynamics of real powertrain components is realized and introduced. A verification/plausibility assessment of modeled dynamics based on the literature is considered. This newly-introduced concept represents a class of power management, which is easy to implement, can tackle different objectives in real time, and adapt itself to unknown driver demands.
Effect of clonidine on the circulation and vasoactive hormones after aortic surgery.

After completion of abdominal aortic graft, 29 patients received an i.v. infusion of placebo (n = 16) or clonidine 7 micrograms kg-1 (n = 13) over 120 min in a double-blind study. Cardiovascular variables were measured and plasma samples obtained up to 5 h after arrival in the recovery room, for assay of noradrenaline, adrenaline, vasopressin and renin concentrations. Noradrenaline, adrenaline and vasopressin concentrations decreased in the clonidine group throughout recovery (P less than 0.001, 0.05 and 0.05, respectively, vs placebo). Heart rate was less in the clonidine group (P less than 0.01). There was no significant difference in mean arterial pressure between groups. Stroke volume was larger (P less than 0.01) and there were fewer episodes of hypertension (P less than 0.05) and tachycardia in the clonidine group. In addition, a reduction in the number of circulatory interventions (P less than 0.05) and episodes of shivering was noted in the clonidine group. Mean (SD) postoperative volume requirements were larger in the clonidine group (total postoperative input: clonidine 1462 (604) ml; placebo 1064 (348) ml (P less than 0.05]. These data are consistent with the observation that clonidine modifies endocrine and circulatory status after major surgery.
The effect of word imagery on priming effect under a preconscious condition: An fMRI study

Semantic priming is affected by the degree of association and how readily a word is imagined. In the association effect, activity in the perisylvian structures including the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, the left middle temporal gyrus, and the supramarginal gyrus was correlated. However, little is known about the brain regions related to the effect of imagery word under the preconscious condition. Forty word pairs for high (HA)‐, low (LA)‐, and nonassociation (NA), nonword (NW) conditions were presented. Each 40 association word pairs (HA and LA) included 20 high (HI) and 20 low (LI) imagery prime stimuli, using a visually presented lexical decision task. A trial consisted of 30 ms prime, 30 ms mask, 500 ms probe, and 2–8 s stimulus onset asynchrony. Brain activation was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging during word discrimination. Behavioral data indicated that the shortest response time (RT) was given for HA words, followed by LA and NA, and NW showed the longest RT (P < 0.01). RT was faster in HI than LI within HA, but not LA conditions (P < 0.01). Functional neuroimaging showed that differential brain regions for high imagery (HI) and low imagery (LI) words within low prime‐target word association were observed in the left precuneus, left posterior cingulate gyrus, and right cuneal cortex. The present findings demonstrate that the effect of the degree of imagery on semantic priming occurs during the early stage of language processing, indicating an “automatic imagery priming effect. ” Our paradigm may be useful to explore semantic deficit related to imagery in various psychiatric disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4795–4804, 2014. © 2014 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Changing Perspectives on Good Language Learners

Language and culture are no longer scripts to be acquired, as much as they are conversations in which people can participate. The question of who is learning what and how much is essentially a question of what conversations they are part of, and this question is a subset of the more powerful question of what conversations are around to be had in a given culture. (McDermott, 1993, p. 295)
Detection of hepatitis C virus‐RNA by polymerase chain reaction in dental surgeries

The mean prevalence of anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Italy is 0.87%. It reaches 2% in Campania, Southern Italy. Approximately 50% of community acquired non‐A, non‐B (NANB) hepatitis cannot be associated with known parenteral exposure. A recent Italian study has shown that the only demonstrable risk factor in 9% of acute C/NANB hepatitis is dental treatment. There are no data on direct contamination by HCV of dental surgeries. Possible environmental contamination by HCV‐RNA was investigated in dental surgeries after treatment of anti‐HCV and HCV‐RNA positive patients. Thirty‐five anti‐HCV and HCV‐RNA positive patients with chronic hepatitis underwent dental treatment and were enrolled in this study. Eight had chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH), 23 chronic active hepatitis (CAH), and 4 cirrhosis. A total of 328 samples collected from instruments and surfaces were tested after dental treatment of 35 anti‐HCV positive patients. The presence of HCV‐RNA was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to evaluate contamination of instruments and surfaces in dental surgeries. Twenty (6.1%) out of 328 collected samples were positive for HCV‐RNA. The positive samples were from work benches (two), air turbine handpieces (one), holders (four), suction units (one), forceps (four), dental mirrors (two), and burs (six)
Novel Insights for Systemic Inflammation in Sepsis and Hemorrhage

The inflammatory responses in sepsis and hemorrhage remain a major cause of death. Clinically, it is generally accepted that shock in sepsis or hemorrhage differs in its mechanisms. However, the recognition of inflammatory cytokines as a common lethal pathway has become consent. Proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or high-mobility group box1 (HMGB1) are fanatically released and cause lethal multiorgan dysfunction. Inhibition of these cytokines can prevent the inflammatory responses and organ damage. In seeking potential anti-inflammatory strategies, we reported that ethyl pyruvate and alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR) agonists effectively restrained cytokine production to provide therapeutic benefits in both experimental sepsis and hemorrhage. Here, we review the inflammatory responses and the anti-inflammatory strategies in experimental models of sepsis and hemorrhage, as they may have a consistent inflammatory pathway in spite of their different pathophysiological processes.
The Care Programme Approach: A patient perspective

The Care Programme Approach (CPA) for patients in contact with the specialist mental health services represents a significant change in care delivery for both patients and clinicians involved with mental health services. This study explores the attitudes and experiences of one group of patients on the CPA living in an outer London borough. One hundred and three patients were asked for their views and opinions; there was a response rate of 50%. The main findings of the study indicated that patients found the CPA process difficult to understand, and that there was an over-emphasis on administering the system. There was evidence to suggest that patients were unfamiliar with their treatment programmes, and that they lacked knowledge regarding their care. The study concluded that further research to examine patient attitudes to the CPA would be beneficial, since it was not possible to make precise conclusions based on the data available here.
International English: A guide to varieties of Standard English

Peter Trudgill & Jean Hannah, International English: A guide to varieties of Standard English. 4th ed. London: Arnold; New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. Pp. i–xv, 1–153. Pb $22.95. This book provides a delightful survey of the global variety of pronunciation and usage of English as an educated standard. It focuses on the phonetics of the various Englishes, especially on the vowels, where so much of the variability resides, and on differences in usage, lexical and syntactic as well as orthographic. Although this small volume necessarily deals with most topics briefly, it includes a wealth of detail.
Circulating malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein levels are associated with the presence of thin-cap fibroatheromas determined by optical coherence tomography in coronary artery disease.

AIMS The importance of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) has been implicated in the process of plaque rupture. However, few previous studies demonstrated the relationship between plaque morphology and oxLDL. We evaluated the relationship between coronary plaque vulnerability assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and circulating malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL). METHODS AND RESULTS OCT was used to determine plaque vulnerability in 102 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS; n = 53) and stable angina pectoris (SAP; n = 49). Circulating levels of MDA-LDL were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Thin-cap fibroatheromas (TCFAs; defined as lipid-rich with plaque cap thickness <65 μm) were detected more frequently in ACS than in SAP (83% vs. 16%, P < 0.001). The circulating levels of MDA-LDL were significantly higher in patients with ACS compared with SAP (P = 0.008). The levels of MDA-LDL were significantly higher in SAP patients with TCFA than those with non-TCFA (P < 0.001). Although the levels of MDA-LDL were not significant between ACS patients with TCFA and those with non-TCFA, patients with ruptured TCFA had higher levels of MDA-LDL compared with those with morphologically intact TCFA (P = 0.023). MDA-LDL levels were associated with the presence of TCFA (odds ratio, 1.45 per 10-unit increment of MDA-LDL; 95% CI, 1.24-1.68; P< 0.001) in multivariable logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION Circulating MDA-LDL levels might be associated with the presence of TCFA in the culprit lesion.
Reconstitution of ATP-dependent Leukotriene C4 Transport by Co-expression of Both Half-molecules of Human Multidrug Resistance Protein in Insect Cells*

Multidrug resistance protein (MRP) confers a multidrug resistance phenotype similar to that associated with overexpression of P-glycoprotein. Unlike P-glycoprotein, MRP has also been shown to be a primary active ATP-dependent transporter of conjugated organic anions. The mechanism(s) by which MRP transports these compounds and increases resistance to natural product drugs is unknown. To facilitate studies on the structure and function of MRP, we have determined whether a baculovirus expression system can be used to produce active protein. Full-length MRP as well as molecules corresponding to either the NH2- or COOH-proximal halves of the protein were expressed individually and in combination in Spodoptera frugiperda Sf21 cells. High levels of intact and half-length proteins were detected in membrane vesicles from infected cells. Although underglycosylated, the full-length protein transported leukotriene C4 (LTC4) with kinetic parameters very similar to those of MRP produced in transfected HeLa cells. Neither half-molecule was able to transport LTC4. However, a functional transporter with characteristics similar to those of intact protein could be reconstituted when both half-molecules were co-expressed. Transport of LTC4 by Sf21 membrane vesicles containing either intact or reconstituted MRP was competitively inhibited by both S-decylglutathione and 17β-estradiol 17-(β-D-glucuronide), with Ki values similar to those reported previously for MRP expressed in HeLa cells (Loe, D. W., Almquist, K. C., Deeley, R. G., and Cole, S. P. C. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 9675-9682; Loe, D. W. , Almquist, K. C. , Cole, S. P. C. , and Deeley, R. G. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 9683-9689). These studies demonstrate that human MRP produced in insect cells can function as an active transporter of LTC4 and that the NH2- and COOH-proximal halves of the protein can assemble efficiently to form a transporter with functional characteristics similar to those of the intact protein.
Greenpeace campaign case study — StopEsso

As some corporations begin to enjoy power and influence on a scale comparable with or even more extensive than governments, it is consumers rather than voters who are starting to hold the key to political and social change. Companies which fail to take consumer opinion into account face real threats to their brand image, and ultimately to their bottom line. This case study explores the Greenpeace-led StopEsso campaign, detailing the campaign history, strategy and tactics, and assessing its impact so far. It shows how negative consumer perceptions of ExxonMobil (Esso), based around the issue of the company's approach to climate change, are damaging the company's interests and that the changing interactions of other key stakeholders with the company could also threaten Exxon's competitiveness. It concludes that as corporate power increases, so must corporate responsibility, for consumers are increasingly unwilling to accept dishonest or unfair behaviour, and increasingly willing to withdraw their financial support for companies which fail to respond to their expectations. Copyright © 2004 Henry Stewart Publications Ltd.
Perceived motivational climate's relationship with competitive anxiety and self-determination among Iranian pro league handball players.

This study aims at determining the Perceived motivational climate's relationship with competitive anxiety and self-determination among Iranian pro league handball players. This research was of descriptive-survey type and was conducted as a field study. The whole Iranian pro league male handball players constituted the population study (i.e., 10 teams, n=220). 121 participants were considered as the sample study according to Cochran formula. For the purpose of data collection, the following questionnaires were employed: demographic, Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (PMCSQ), Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT), and Sport Motivation Scale (SMS). In this line, Pearson correlation coefficient was used for data analysis. The findings showed the existence of a significant relationship between Perceived motivational climate and competitive anxiety (p<0.05). Similarly, a significant relationship was found between Perceived motivational climate and self-determination (p<0.05). As a result, it was indicated that there is a significant relationship between competitive anxiety and self-determination (p<0.05). By this way, Perceived motivational climate holds a significant relationship with competitive anxiety and selfdetermination in pro-league handball players at large.
A Unified Achievability Theorem

We prove a single achievability theorem that recovers many a chievability results in network information theory as simple corollaries. Our result is enabled b y many novel elements such as a generalized network model that includes multiple sources and channels i teracting with each other, a unified typicality constraint that generalizes cost and distortion constrain ts, a unified coding strategy that generalizes many coding schemes in the literature, and novel proof technique s. Our unified coding scheme performs at least as good as many pre vious schemes. Our theorem does not only recover many classical results such as Marton codin g, Gelfand-Pinsker coding, and WynerZiv coding, but also many recent results such as coding for ch annels with action-dependent states by Weissman, interference decoding by Bandemer and El Gamal, h ybrid coding by Minero, Lim, and Kim, noisy network coding by Lim, Kim, El Gamal, and Chung, and N -node decode-and-forward by Kramer, Gastpar, and Gupta. Using our theorem, obtaining many new ac hievability results in network information theory can now be done without any tedious proof steps.
Enhancing Accessibility for University Students with Specific Learning Disabilities Using a Computerized Screening System

This paper considers the diagnostic value of a computer screening system as an alternative, or adjunct, to traditional battery testing systems in identifying the presence of specific learning disabilities (SLD) in university students. In the present times of increasing numbers of students with various forms of disabilities entering tertiary education, institutional fiscal constraints, problems with employing and securing professional staff, and the heightened value placed on time, it would seem sensible to utilize cost and time efficient systems for diagnosing the presence of disabilities in students. This paper therefore considers the use of the Lucid Adult Dyslexia Screening (LADS) system, and draws from the university casebook of one psychologist to highlight its usefulness in terms of increasing accessibility to assessment and associated services. It is argued that, because the diagnostic phase is crucial to the approval and implementation of accommodations, efficiency in the assessment process contributes to reducing barriers that students with SLD may face in gaining access to equitable assistive resources. The conclusion suggests that LADS is a cost and time efficient system, but needs to be used judiciously by considering the clinical history of the student. Scope for further research is also indicated.
Eruvim: Talmudic places in a postmodern world

Lodged in the heart of Western urban space, eruvim are religious enclaves important to Orthodox Jewish culture. Eruvim enable acceptable behaviours on the Sabbath as defined by Talmudic theological dogma. Work, and the carrying of all objects associated with work, is prohibited in public spaces on the Sabbath by the Talmud, yet within the boundaries of the eruv, many such restrictions are relaxed, facilitating social interaction and community cohesion. This paper examines the religious and spatial dimensions of eruvim, including the obsessive detail paid to the demarcation of their boundaries, which serve as metaphorical walls and doorways. It also explicates the local politics through which private space is effectively extended into public space. Conceptually, the paper situates the topic within broader concerns about diasporic Jewish identity, which is threatened by assimilationism, slow demographic growth and secularization. It invokes recent theories concerning the spatialization of consciousness and subjectivity, noting the recent growth of eruvim as part of the global surge in ethnic identity that has emerged as a backlash to postmodern capitalism.