Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does subjective well-being predict health-enhancing behaviour? The example of fruit and vegetable consumption

Purpose – Adhering to the guidelines regarding the consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with positive health outcomes. Subjective well-being has been demonstrated to have a causal influence on positive health outcomes. The aim of this paper is to examine whether subjective well-being could add to the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) in predicting fruit and vegetable consumption. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 72 undergraduates completed online measures of the TPB variables, subjective well-being components (happiness and life satisfaction) and fruit and vegetable consumption at a single time point. Findings – Subjective well-being made a significant contribution to the variance explained for both intention to consume fruit and vegetables and actual fruit and vegetable consumption (1.7% and 4.3%, respectively). Perceived behavioural control and happiness were found to be significant unique predictors of fruit and vegetable consumption. Originality/value – The TPB appears a useful mo.
‘If the Social Worker had Called at Least it Would Show they Cared’. Young Care Leaver’s Perspectives on the Importance of Care

Young people leaving local authority care are frequently discussed in terms of being socially excluded and having ‘poor life outcomes’. In terms of educational achievement, employment and involvement in the criminal justice system, those with an experience of the care system fare the worst. Within the context of these poor outcomes, the Government Green Paper ‘Care Matters’ has emerged. However, the Green Paper’s outcomes framework for looked after children’s well-being risks simplifying the complex nature of children’s experiences and needs. It is children’s experiences of care, both before entering the care system and whilst growing up within the care system that shapes their well-being and their life outcomes. The basis of improving children’s outcomes should include listening to and understanding what children need from the care system. This knowledge helps to develop an understanding of how failings within the care system are experienced by children in care and how these experiences are subsequently translated into negative outcomes for young care leavers. Drawing upon qualitative, empirical data, this study aims to explore young care leavers’ experiences of care. Through this, the extent to which feelings of care shape self esteem and a sense of self will be explored. Finally, this study will outline themes of trust and stability in the provision of care services and how these can shape positive outcomes for care leavers.
Locating dyslexic performance: text, identity and creativity

Historically, dyslexia research has focused on the literacy aspects of dyslexia on children, and more recent definitions of dyslexia have included the cognitive processing aspects of verbal language, memory and organisation. However, these neuro-cognitive accounts largely conceptualise dyslexia as a neurological dysfunction, with only a small body of work using phenomenology and social disability theory to focus on the individual perceptions of dyslexic learners. This article explores the experiences of adult dyslexic actors through the lens of Mearleu-Ponty's phenomenology of embodiment, discussing their lived experience of both verbal and written language, and the impact of dyslexia on their identity and creative process. Drawing on these experiences and also on neuro-cognitive accounts of dyslexic strengths, the article suggests that dyslexic learners have a different intentional relationship to verbal language which is created as a result of a dynamic brain–body–world interaction. It firstly outlines the behavioural characteristics of dyslexia and then discusses the potential role of reading and performance in constructing positive dyslexic experiences and identities. It goes on to describe some of the perceived strengths of dyslexia and the ways in which these might impact on performance.
Increased Peripheral Blood Pro-Inflammatory/Cytotoxic Lymphocytes in Children with Bronchiectasis

Objective Bronchiectasis (BE) in children is common in some communities including Indigenous children in Australia. Relatively little is known about the nature of systemic inflammation in these children, especially the contribution of specific pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic lymphocyte subsets: T-cells, natural killer (NK) cells and NKT-like cells. We have shown that these cells produce increased cytotoxic (granzyme b and perforin) and inflammatory (IFNγ and TNFα) mediators in several adult chronic lung diseases and hypothesised that similar changes would be evident in children with BE. Methods Intracellular cytotoxic mediators perforin and granzyme b and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured in T cell subsets, NKT-like and NK cells from blood and bronchoalveolar samples from 12 children with BE and 10 aged-matched control children using flow cytometry. Results There was a significant increase in the percentage of CD8+ T cells and T and NKT-like subsets expressing perforin/granzyme and IFNγ and TNFα in blood in BE compared with controls. There was a further increase in the percentage of pro-inflammatory cytotoxic T cells in Indigenous compared with non-Indigenous children. There was no change in any of these mediators in BAL. Conclusions Childhood bronchiectasis is associated with increased systemic pro-inflammatory/cytotoxic lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. Future studies need to examine the extent to which elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytotoxic cells predict future co-morbidities.
Decrease of sialic acid residues as an eat-me signal on the surface of apoptotic lymphocytes

The silent clearance of apoptotic cells is essential for cellular homeostasis in multicellular organisms, and several mediators of apoptotic cell recognition have been identified. However, the distinct mechanisms involved are not fully deciphered yet. We analyzed alterations of the glycocalyx on the surfaces of apoptotic cells and its impact for engulfment. After apoptosis induction of lymphocytes, a decrease of α2,6-terminal sialic acids and sialic acids in α2,3-linkage with galactose was observed. Similar changes were to be found on the surface of apoptotic membrane blebs released during early stages of apoptosis, whereas later released blebs showed no impaired, but rather an increased, exposure of sialic acids. We detected an exposure of fucose residues on the surface of apoptotic-cell-derived membrane blebs. Cleavage by neuraminidase of sialic acids, as well as lectin binding to sialic acids on the surfaces, enhanced the engulfment of apoptotic cells and blebs. Interestingly, even viable lymphoblasts were engulfed in an autologous cell system after neuraminidase treatment. Similarly, the engulfment of resting apoptotic lymphocytes was augmented after neuraminidase treatment. However, the engulfment of resting viable lymphocytes was not significantly enhanced after neuraminidase treatment. Our findings support the importance of the glycocalyx, notably the terminal sialic acids, in the regulation of apoptotic cell clearance. Thus, depending on cell type and activation status, changes in surface glycosylation can either directly mediate cellular engulfment or enhance phagocytosis by cooperation with further engulfment signals.
That’s Relevant! Different Forms of Practical Relevance in Management Science

Recently there has been an intense debate amongst scholars on how to increase the practical relevance of research. Although the notion of ‘relevance’ is frequently mentioned in the literature, it is hardly ever defined and may have different, even contradictory, meanings in different contexts. This article presents a taxonomy of different forms of relevance, based on a textual analysis of the ‘relevance literature’ and of a set of 450 articles in three leading academic management journals that are renowned for their practical relevance. The main categories of this taxonomy are then discussed against the background of different aspects of the social dynamics of science in order to ascertain the forms of relevance that can justifiably be expected from management science.
Low-loss single crystal silver thin films for nanoplasmonics and metamaterials

We present a simple and robust crystal growth technique, which yields large area single crystal films of silver ideally suited for fabricating plasmonic devices and high-finesse metamaterials. The low-loss silver films with thickness of 110 nm were grown on mica substrates at 500 °C by using a sputtering method. We confirmed high quality of the silver thin films by measuring surface roughness and optical constants. The quality factor of the surface plasmon polaritons estimated from the measured optical constants is 6000 at the wavelength of 1 μm, which is about 20 times higher than the single crystal gold thin films epitaxially grown on LiF substrates.
Resistance to activated protein C and low levels of free protein S in Greek patients with inflammatory bowel disease

OBJECTIVE:Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) frequently suffer from thromboembolic events. A recently identified mechanism for thrombophilia, the poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C, has been suggested as one of the leading risk factors for thrombosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of thrombophilic abnormalities, including activated protein C-resistance (APCR), in Greek patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS:Forty-eight patients with UC, 36 with CD, and 61 matched healthy controls (HC) were studied. Cases with presence of lupus anticoagulant, use of anticoagulants or heparin, and pregnancy were excluded. Disease activity in CD was evaluated by use of the Crohns Disease Activity Index (CDAI) score and in UC by the Truelove-Witts grading system. Plasma levels of protein C, free protein S, antithrombin III (AT-III), activated protein C resistance (APCR), and fibrinogen were determined in IBD patients, as well as in HC. All the cases and controls with abnormal APCR were further studied by genetic testing for the factor V Leiden mutation.RESULTS:Mean fibrinogen levels in UC and CD patients were significantly elevated (p < 0.0001), compared with HC. The mean values of free protein S, as well as mean APCR, were significantly lower in UC and CD patients than in the HC (p < 0.0001). Seven (five UC and two CD) of 84 IBD patients (8.3%) and three of the HC (4.9%) had the factor V Leiden mutation. No significant difference was observed for the other thrombophilic parameters. Fibrinogen levels and profound free protein S deficiency were found related to disease activity.CONCLUSIONS:Thrombophilic defects are common in Greek patients with IBD and they could interfere either in the disease manifestation or in the thrombotic complications.
Cost effectiveness and quality of life considerations in the treatment of hepatitis C infection

Chronic hepatitis C1 is a common cause of liver disease worldwide. It is a slow and progressive condition which can lead to decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis C virus1 impairs quality of life (QOL) even in the absence of chronic liver disease, but its relative silent nature can lead to a delay in diagnosis. The current standard of care of treatment is pegylated interferon and ribavarin. This achieves a sustained virological response (SVR), which is a cure of infection, in up to 80% of patients depending on viral genotype. The attainment of SVR improves survival, avoids long-term complications, and improves QOL. But treatment is not only expensive; there are issues of tolerability and adverse effects. This has led to a multitude of cost effective analysis and health technology assessment on HCV treatment. This overview discusses the natural history of the virus infection and its effect on the patients’ QOL. It focuses on the treatment options available, their efficacy, and cost effectiveness. It reviews the evaluations that suggest combination therapy is cost effective and explores the assumptions and limitations of these studies in real world treatment arenas.
Japanese Popular Culture and Contents Tourism – Introduction

Abstract: This introduction to the special issue on ‘Japanese Popular Culture and Contents Tourism’ places the four articles in theoretical and contextual perspective. Contents tourism is a theoretical concept that originated in Japan. Its closest counterpart in the English-language literature at present is film-induced tourism or media-induced tourism. Contents tourism is placed within the theoretical context of cultural tourism and the rationale for its focus on narratives, characters and other creative elements over media format (for example, cinema) is explained. The article then gives a brief chronological overview of how contents tourism has worked its way into the official language of government economic and tourism policy up to and including 2013.
Communities of practice as stimulating forces for collective learning

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to get a clear view on how can we judge groups in relation to the characteristics of a community of practice (CoP), and the presence of collective learning in these groups.Design/methodology/approach – A review of literature on collective learning and CoPs led to the development of a conceptual model, which was tested through case study research against empirical data from three groups in organizations.Findings – The groups differed concerning group characteristics, but also concerning the collective learning processes and learning outcomes present. The group that can be characterized as a CoP learns a lot, but the (learning) processes in the group are not always in favour of the organizational learning process.Research limitations/implications – The conceptual framework was helpful to evaluate the characteristics of CoPs in relation to collective learning. These findings suggest that it will be interesting to expand the model, for example with consideration to th.
Assessing the reliability of self‐ and peer rating in student group work

Peer and self‐ratings have been strongly recommended as the means to adjust individual contributions to group work. To evaluate the quality of student ratings, previous research has primarily explored the validity of these ratings, as indicated by the degree of agreement between student and teacher ratings. This research describes a Generalizability Theory framework to evaluate the reliability of student ratings in terms of the degree of consistency among students themselves, as well as group and rater effects. Ratings from two group projects are analyzed to illustrate how this method can be applied. The reliability of student ratings differs for the two group projects considered in this research. While a strong group effect is present in both projects, the rater effect is different. Implications of this research for classroom assessment practice are discussed.
The Percentage of Words Known in a Text and Reading Comprehension.

This study focused on the relationship between percentage of vocabulary known in a text and level of comprehension of the same text. Earlier studies have estimated the percentage of vocabulary necessary for second language learners to understand written texts as being between 95% (Laufer, 1989) and 98% (Hu & Nation, 2000). In this study, 661 participants from 8 countries completed a vocabulary measure based on words drawn from 2 texts, read the texts, and then completed a reading comprehension test for each text. The results revealed a relatively linear relationship between the percentage of vocabulary known and the degree of reading comprehension. There was no indication of a vocabulary “threshold,” where comprehension increased dramatically at a particular percentage of vocabulary knowledge. Results suggest that the 98% estimate is a more reasonable coverage target for readers of academic texts.
Pattern Division Multiple Access—A Novel Nonorthogonal Multiple Access for Fifth-Generation Radio Networks

In this paper, pattern division multiple access (PDMA), which is a novel nonorthogonal multiple access scheme, is proposed for fifth-generation (5G) radio networks. The PDMA pattern defines the mapping of transmitted data to a resource group that can consist of time, frequency, and spatial resources or any combination of these resources. The pattern is introduced to differentiate signals of users sharing the same resources, and the pattern is designed with disparate diversity order and sparsity so that PDMA can take the advantage of the joint design of transmitter and receiver to improve system performance while maintaining detection complexity to a reasonable level. System level simulation results show that PDMA can support <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{six}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> times simultaneous connections than that of conventional and at least <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{30}\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> improvement in spectrum efficiency over orthogonal frequency division multiple access.
Statistical Tests and Surveys of Power: A Critique.

Cohen (1962) and Brewer (1972) surveyed statistical tests reported in the Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology and the American Educational Research Journal, respectively, to determine the amount of power of those tests for the various sample sizes used and various magnitudes of effect sizes. Both authors concluded that the levels of power were low, and each author made negative comments about the situation or state of the art. Brewer went much further, even suggesting that two-thirds of the researchers surveyed would do better by flipping coins and not spending the time in data collection. In addition, he interpreted power as indicating the probability of a valid rejection of the null hypothesis after the statistical test was performed. Cohen (1973) applauded Brewer's survey, but was critical of most of Brewer's interpretations and recommendations, mostly relating to power after the fact and Brewer's alternate reporting schemes. Dayton et al. (1973) also pointed out the conditional nature of power. In their discussion they refer to the Bayesian inference model and while not necessarily intending to imply that Brewer is correct if interpreted Bayesianly, some readers might infer this from their comments.
Social Mechanisms for Causal Explanation in Social Theory Based IS Research

In this paper, I argue for the development of explanatory theory in IS research. I critically examine ways of explaining IS phenomena, identify alternative epistemological approaches used in the social sciences, and point out the significance attributed to causality. I focus in particular on the development of explanation in process IS research that draws from social theory. I introduce the notion of social mechanism and suggest that tracing social mechanisms in research that draws from social theories of action and technology can lead to more complete and novel causal explanations of IS phenomena.
NetComplex: A Complexity Metric for Networked System Designs

The systems and networking community treasures "simple" system designs, but our evaluation of system simplicity often relies more on intuition and qualitative discussion than rigorous quantitative metrics. In this paper, we develop a prototype metric that seeks to quantify the notion of algorithmic complexity in networked system design. We evaluate several networked system designs through the lens of our proposed complexity metric and demonstrate that our metric quantitatively assesses solutions in a manner compatible with informally articulated design intuition and anecdotal evidence such as real-world adoption.
Religion and Habitus: Exploring the Relationship Between Religious Involvement and Educational Outcomes and Orientations Among Urban African American Students

Large, lingering, and recently widening gaps in educational achievement exist amid growing differences in access to educational opportunity along lines of race and socioeconomic status among American students. Recognizing these gaps and developing strategies for eliminating them is essential. Previous research has documented a positive relationship between religious involvement and a wide range of adolescent outcomes. Most importantly, for the purposes of this article, these outcomes include educational resilience, attainment, and achievement. However, relatively little is known about the factors behind the relationship between religious involvement and educational outcomes especially for those students most often marginalized within the mainstream education system. This article seeks in particular to explore the influence of religious involvement on the educational outcomes of urban African American adolescents. It draws primarily on the work of Pierre Bourdieu and Christian Smith in constructing a theoretical framework employed in the qualitative analysis of interview data illustrating some mechanisms by which religious involvement can serve to promote positive educational outcomes among these students.
WHAT DO TEACHERS NEED TO KNOW ABOUT TEACHING? A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF THE OCCUPATIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF TEACHERS

ABSTRACT: Various attempts to specify the nature of professions in general and of teaching in particular in relation to the knowledge that is needed for practice are considered. It is argued that there is no epistemic or moral criterion of professionalism that will sustain the claim of teaching to be a profession. The nature of teachers’ knowledge is examined and the relationship between theory and application is seen to be both crucial to and problematic in our understanding of the nature of teachers’ work. The implications of the discussion for teacher education are assessed.
Continuous Monitoring of Electrode--Skin Impedance Mismatch During Bioelectric Recordings

In bioelectric recordings, an electrode--skin imped-ance mismatch leads to a reduced common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of the amplifier. For this reason, the impedance of each individual electrode--skin contact is usually measured prior to a recording. The measurement circuit itself degrades the CMRR and is switched off during the bioelectric recording. In this paper, we present a new method that allows to monitor the electrode--skin impedance in a continuous way without reducing the CMRR of the amplifier. The new method is based on an additional common-mode signal that is superimposed on the bioelectric signal.
Injury Surveillance: Should It Be a Concern to Developing Countries?

Injuries have now become a recognizable public health problem in developing countries. However, no definite policies regarding their surveillance and control are yet available in most of these countries. This paper, using Ghana as a prototype, examines the need for policy and action which has been accentuated in recent times by public outcry. The paper also provides some recommendations to solve this problem: the urgent need to initiate programs such as needs assessment, the establishment of a surveillance system for injuries at various levels of health services, creation of public awareness and provision of health education, and the institution of simple first-aid measures. Specific policies regarding injuries from motor vehicle accidents and fires are also given.