Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resistance monitoring in codling moth: a need for standardization.

BACKGROUND A wide range of methods has been used for monitoring resistance in Cydia pomonella L. However, the results from specific tests are not always concordant and they generate doubts over the extent to which the data represent the field situation. Therefore, the variability in the expression of resistance mechanisms and in resistance ratios between developmental stages and their reliability in a field situation were studied. RESULTS Neonate larvae showed the highest insecticide resistance, except to spinosad. Resistance ratios were from 2 to 9.5, depending on the insecticide and the strain tested, when compared with the susceptible strain. Spinosad exhibited the highest resistance ratio for diapausing larvae (4.4, 12.2 and 4.4 for Raz, Rdfb and RDelta strains, respectively). Enzymatic ratios were higher in adults than in neonates or diapausing larvae, and the highest enzymatic ratios were observed for mixed-function oxidases (7.3-36.7 for adults of resistant strains). CONCLUSIONS The sensitivity of different instars depends on the insecticides used, and there is a differential expression of resistance mechanisms between stages. For the population considered in this study, tests on neonates provided the most consistent results to the field situation, but adult response to chlorpyrifos-ethyl and azinphos-methyl in the laboratory was also consistent with the field results.
Smartphone-Based Real Time Vehicle Tracking in Indoor Parking Structures

Although location awareness and turn-by-turn instructions are prevalent outdoors due to GPS, we are back into the darkness in uninstrumented indoor environments such as underground parking structures. We get confused, disoriented when driving in these mazes, and frequently forget where we parked, ending up circling back and forth upon return. In this paper, we propose VeTrack, asmartphone-only system that tracks the vehicle’s location in real time using the phone’s inertial sensors. It does not require any environment instrumentation or cloud backend. It uses a novel “shadow” trajectory tracing method to accurately estimate phone’s and vehicle’s orientations despite their arbitrary poses and frequent disturbances. We develop algorithms in a Sequential Monte Carlo framework to represent vehicle states probabilistically, and harness constraints by the garage map and detected landmarks to robustly infer the vehicle location. We also find landmark (e.g., speed bumps, turns) recognition methods reliable against noises, disturbances from bumpy rides, and even hand-held movements. We implement a highly efficient prototype and conduct extensive experiments in multiple parking structures of different sizes and structures, and collect data with multiple vehicles and drivers. We find that VeTrack can estimate the vehicle’s real time location with almost negligible latency, with error of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\sim 4$</tex-math> <alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="gao-ieq1-2684167.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> parking spaces at the 80th percentile.
Osteoarthritis of weight bearing joints of lower limbs in former elite male athletes

Abstract Objective : To compare the cumulative 21 year incidence of admission to hospital for osteoarthritis of the hip, knee, and ankle in former elite athletes and control subjects. Design : National population based study. Setting : Finland. Subjects : 2049 male athletes who had represented Finland in international events during 1920-65 and 1403 controls who had been classified healthy at the age of 20. Main outcome measures : Hospital admissions for osteoarthritis of the hip, knee, and ankle joints identified from the national hospital discharge registry between 1970 and 1990. Results : Athletes doing endurance sports, mixed sports, and power sports all had higher incidences of admission to hospital for osteoarthritis than controls. Age adjusted odds ratios compared with controls were 1.73 (95% confidence interval 0.99 to 3.01, P = 0.063) in endurance, 1.90 (1.24 to 2.92, P = 0.003) in mixed sports athletes, and 2.17 (1.41 to 3.32, P = 0.0003) in power sports athletes. The mean age at first admission to hospital was higher in endurance athletes (70.6) than in other groups (58.2 in mixed sports, 61.9 in power sports, and 61.2 in controls). Among the 2046 respondents to a questionnaire in 1985, the odds ratios for admission to hospital were similar in all three groups after adjusting for age, occupation, and body mass index at 20 (2.37, 2.42, 2.68). Conclusions : Athletes from all types of competitive sports are at slightly increased risk of requiring hospital care because of osteoarthritis of the hip, knee, or ankle. Mixed sports and power sports lead to increased admissions for premature osteoarthritis, but in endurance athletes the admissions are at an older age.
Stochastic Coulomb blockade in a double-dot system.

Coulomb blockade in a system of two dots connected in series is qualitatively different from that of a single dot. We show that, although the conductance G of a double-dot system reveals oscillations with the gate-induced potential ${\mathit{V}}_{\mathit{g}}$, a typical period of these oscillations changes with the temperature. If the capacitance ratio ${\mathit{C}}_{1}$/${\mathit{C}}_{2}$ for the dots is an irrational number, the system of peaks in G(${\mathit{V}}_{\mathit{g}}$) becomes increasingly sparse as the temperature decreases. Both the peak-to-peak distance and the activation energies of the conductance at the peaks that persist are random. However, the distribution function of activation energies calculated for a large interval of ${\mathit{V}}_{\mathit{g}}$ has a universal shape and may be considered as a characteristic pattern of a double-dot system. If the ratio ${\mathit{C}}_{1}$/${\mathit{C}}_{2}$ is small, there is a substantial range of intermediate temperatures in which the ordinary periodic Coulomb oscillations are restored. Numerical simulations show that for observation of both stochastic and regular Coulomb blockade for the same sample at different temperatures it is enough to have the ratio ${\mathit{C}}_{1}$/${\mathit{C}}_{2}$\ensuremath{\le}0.5. The existence of a small interdot capacitance C\ensuremath{\ll}${\mathit{C}}_{1}$,${\mathit{C}}_{2}$ is shown to cause, at the lowest temperatures, a splitting of the conductance peaks that persist into doublets with a constant spacing ${\mathit{e}}^{2}$C/${\mathit{C}}_{1}$${\mathit{C}}_{2}$.
Exemplar-based human action pose correction and tagging

The launch of Xbox Kinect has built a very successful computer vision product and made a big impact to the gaming industry; this sheds lights onto a wide variety of potential applications related to action recognition. The accurate estimation of human poses from the depth image is universally a critical step. However, existing pose estimation systems exhibit failures when faced severe occlusion. In this paper, we propose an exemplar-based method to learn to correct the initially estimated poses. We learn an inhomogeneous systematic bias by leveraging the exemplar information within specific human action domain. Our algorithm is illustrated on both joint-based skeleton correction and tag prediction. In the experiments, significant improvement is observed over the contemporary approaches, including what is delivered by the current Kinect system.
Troponin I as a Predictor of Coronary Heart Disease and Mortality in 70-Year-Old Men: A Community-Based Cohort Study

Background— Cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a standard for detection of myocardial damage, has recently been reported to predict acute myocardial infarction or death in patients with unstable coronary heart disease (CHD). Cardiac TnI concentrations increase with age in subjects free from clinical signs of CHD, suggesting silent myocardial damage. We investigated the association between cTnI and future CHD and mortality in a community-based cohort of men. Methods and Results— A community-based study was conducted from August 1991 to May 1995 among 1203 men in Uppsala, Sweden, aged 70 years at baseline with a follow-up of up to 10.4 years with the use of registry data (National Board of Health and Welfare, Sweden). CHD was defined with the use of data taken from the Cause of Death Registry or from first-time hospitalization for CHD as recorded in the Hospital Discharge Registry. Cardiac TnI concentrations were measured blinded for outcome, in frozen baseline plasma samples, with the use of the AccuTnI from Beckman Coulter, Inc. Hazard ratios (HRs) from Cox proportional hazards are presented with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for a 1-SD increase. In men free from cardiovascular disease (CVD), cTnI predicted death (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.46; P=0.003) or first CHD event (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.54; P=0.001) after adjustment for conventional risk factors: total and HDL cholesterol, plasma glucose, body mass index, smoking, and systolic blood pressure. Conclusions— In this first longitudinal report, cTnI was shown to predict death and first CHD event in men free from CVD at baseline, indicating the importance of silent cardiac damage in the development of CHD and mortality.
Regularity versus Degeneracy in Dynamics, Games, and Optimization: A Unified Approach to Different Aspects

In this paper, links are established between optimality conditions for quadratic optimization problems, qualitative properties in the nonlinear selection replicator dynamics, and central solution concepts of evolutionary game theory, with particular emphasis on several regularity conditions that are desirable in any of the three fields mentioned above: as strictness conditions for locally optimal solutions, as hyperbolicity conditions for fixed points, and as quasi-strictness conditions for game equilibria.
Atomic structure and energetics of amorphous–crystalline CuZr interfaces: a molecular dynamics study

The local order of the binary alloy CuZr differs between the crystal (B2 phase) and the metallic glass (MG). In the B2 phase, both Cu and Zr reside in the center of polyhedra whose surfaces are composed of six tetragons and eight hexagons. In the glass, many different polyhedra occur with a large fraction of five-edged faces. However, little has hitherto been known about the local order in the interfacial region between glass and crystal. Using embedded-atom potential based molecular-dynamics simulations, we find it differs markedly from that in the glass. For example, distinctly fewer pentagons occur on the surfaces of Voronoi polyhedra in the interface than on those in the MG. Moreover, there is an increased variety of polyhedra allowing the interface to be more densely packed than the MG. Details of the polyhedra distribution and consequently various interfacial properties depend on the orientation of the crystals and to some degree also on the thermal history of the sample. For the investigated surfaces, we find that the interfacial energy is the smallest and the crystallization activation energy highest for the closest-packed crystalline surface. This result can be rationalized by the argument that the lattice spacing of the closest-packed surface is most commensurate with the wavelength associated with the density pair correlation function of the disordered system. In practice, our result implies that the reinforcement of MGs is longest-lived for nanocrystals with close-packed surfaces.
Schwa Elision in Fast Speech: Segmental Deletion or Gestural Overlap?

Abstract Pretonic schwa elision in fast speech (e.g. potato -› [pt]ato, demolish -›[dm]olish) has been studied by both phonologists and phoneticians to understandhow extralinguistic factors affect surface forms. Yet, both types of studies havemajor shortcomings. Phonological analyses attributing schwa elision to acrossthe-board segmental deletion have been based on researchers’ intuitions. Phoneticaccounts proposing that elision is best characterized as gestural overlap havebeen restricted to very few sequence types. In this study, 28 different [#CəC-]sequences are examined to define appropriate acoustic criteria for ‘elision’, toestablish whether elision is a deletion process or the endpoint of a continuum ofincreasing overlap, and to discover whether elision rates vary for individualspeakers. Results suggest that the acoustic patterns for elision are consistent withan overlap account. Individual speakers differ as to whether they increase elision
Dapagliflozin Versus Glipizide as Add-on Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control With Metformin

OBJECTIVE Although initially effective, sulfonylureas are associated with poor glycemic durability, weight gain, and hypoglycemia. Dapagliflozin, a selective inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), reduces hyperglycemia by increasing urinary glucose excretion independent of insulin and may cause fewer of these adverse effects. We compared the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of dapagliflozin with the sulfonylurea glipizide in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This 52-week, double-blind, multicenter, active-controlled, noninferiority trial randomized patients with type 2 diabetes (baseline mean HbA1c, 7.7%), who were receiving metformin monotherapy, to add-on dapagliflozin (n = 406) or glipizide (n = 408) up-titrated over 18 weeks, based on glycemic response and tolerability, to ≤10 or ≤20 mg/day, respectively. RESULTS The primary end point, adjusted mean HbA1c reduction with dapagliflozin (−0.52%) compared with glipizide (−0.52%), was statistically noninferior at 52 weeks. Key secondary end points: dapagliflozin produced significant adjusted mean weight loss (−3.2 kg) versus weight gain (1.2 kg; P < 0.0001) with glipizide, significantly increased the proportion of patients achieving ≥5% body weight reduction (33.3%) versus glipizide (2.5%; P < 0.0001), and significantly decreased the proportion experiencing hypoglycemia (3.5%) versus glipizide (40.8%; P < 0.0001). Events suggestive of genital infections and lower urinary tract infections were reported more frequently with dapagliflozin compared with glipizide but responded to standard treatment and rarely led to study discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS Despite similar 52-week glycemic efficacy, dapagliflozin reduced weight and produced less hypoglycemia than glipizide in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin. Long-term studies are required to further evaluate genital and urinary tract infections with SGLT2 inhibitors.
POST OPERATIVE WOUND INFECTION: BACTERIOLOGY AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN

Background: Wound infection occurs if the integrity and protective function of the skin is breached. Most Bacteria, certain Viruses (e. g. Herpes virus), Fungi (e.g. Candida albicans) are responsible for wound infection [3]. A study was designed to isolate and identify the aerobic bacterial agents of post operative wound infection as well as to determine their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Method: Total 102 pus samples were collected from surgical sites and immediately inoculated on Blood agar and MacConkey agar plates. Then the culture plates were incubated at 37oC for 24 hours. After incubation, all isolates were identified by using Gram stain and biochemical methods. Sensitivity tests were performed on Mueller Hinton agar plate by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion technique. Result: During the study period (February 2012- January 2013), a total of 102 samples were analyzed. Among 102 samples, 73 (71.5%) showed positive growth. The most frequent isolate was Staphylococcus aureus 24 (32.8%) followed by Escherichia coli 15 (20.5%), Pseudomonas species (16.4%). Antibiotic sensitivity test of the isolates showed that Ampicillin+Sulbactum (87.5%) and Linazolid (85%) were the most effective antibiotics for Gram positive bacteria and Ciprofloxacin (52.5%) was the least effective antibiotic. Gram negative isolates were most sensitive to Lomifloxacin (70.3%) followed by Netilline (61.1%). Cefuroxime (18.5%) was the least sensitive antibiotic for Gram negative bacteria in this study. Conclusion: The most common isolate in wound infection was Staphylococcus aureus followed by E.coli. Ampicillin+Sulbactum was most effective antibiotic for Gram positive bacteria and Lomifloxacin was most effective against Gram negative bacteria.
1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of Oxazolidinone Binding to Bacterial Ribosomes

ABSTRACT The oxazolidinones are a novel class of antibiotics that inhibit initiation of protein synthesis in bacteria. In order to investigate their novel mechanism of action, the interactions of several oxazolidinones with bacterial 70S ribosomes, 50S subunits, and 30S subunits have been characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) line-broadening analyses and transferred nuclear Overhauser enhancement (TRNOE) experiments. PNU-177553 and PNU-100592 (eperezolid) and their corresponding enantiomers, PNU-184414 and PNU-107112, were studied. The dissociation constants were determined to be 94 ± 44 μM and 195 ± 40 μM for PNU-177553 and eperezolid, respectively. There was a ∼4-fold decrease in affinity for their corresponding enantiomers. The NMR-derived dissociation constants are consistent with their antibacterial activity. PNU-177553 and eperezolid were found to bind only to the 50S subunit, with similar affinity as to the 70S ribosome, and to have no affinity for the 30S subunit. Specific binding of PNU-177553 was further confirmed in TRNOE experiments in which positive NOEs observed for the small molecule alone were changed to negative NOEs in the presence of bacterial 70S ribosomes. The observed NOEs indicated that PNU-177553 did not adopt a significantly different conformation when bound to the 70S ribosome, compared to the extended conformation that exists when free in solution. Since this is likeliest the case for each of the four compounds included in this study, the A ring C5 side chain may be positioned in the proper orientation for antibacterial activity in PNU-177553 and eperezolid but not in their inactive enantiomers.
Motor proficiency in children with mild traumatic brain injury compared with a control group.

OBJECTIVE To assess motor proficiency and movement disorders in children with mild traumatic brain injury compared with an uninjured control group. Inclusion criteria were based on the definitions issued by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. SUBJECTS A group of 27 children with mild traumatic brain injury (age range 4-17 years) and a control group of 79 healthy children. METHODS Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP) was administered. This is a standardized comprehensive test of gross- and fine-motor function that produces standard scores for children in this age group. It is divided into 4 gross-motor tasks, 3 fine-motor tasks, 1 combined task, and a test of hand and foot dominance. Tremor was also evaluated. RESULTS The mean standard scores for both groups were within the normal range. For balance, the mild traumatic brain injury group had a significantly poorer performance than controls (p = 0.03). Tremor was significantly more frequent in the mild traumatic brain injury group (p = 0.004), and mixed-handedness was significantly over-represented in the mild traumatic brain injury group (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION In this study, children with mild traumatic brain injury did not differ from the norm in terms of fine- or gross-motor proficiency compared with a control group of uninjured children, but a difference in balance skill (p = 0.03), mixed-handedness (p = 0.02) and tremor (p = 0.004) was detected, to the injured children's detriment.
Improved Quantum-Inspired Tabu Search Algorithm for Solving Function Optimization Problem

After we read the paper about quantum-inspired tabu search algorithm (QTS) for solving 0/1 knapsack problems [5], we got many ideas. In this study, we proposed a method which is called improved quantum-inspired tabu search algorithm (IMQTS). In IMQTS, we add two skills in QTS. First, we add the probability of taking a worse solution become the guide of updating the populations. Second, we add a second rotation which is turning possible solutions away from the worst solution. We use IMQTS for solving function optimization problem to show its performance. The experiment results show that IMQTS performs well in function optimization problem, and IMQTS would not fall into local optimum.
A Large-Droplet Mode and Prognostic Number Concentration of Cloud Droplets in the Colorado State University Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). Part I: Module Descriptions and Supercell Test Simulations

The microphysics module of the version of the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) maintained at Colorado State University has undergone a series of improvements, including the addition of a large-clouddroplet mode from 40 to 80 mm in diameter and the prognostic number concentration of cloud droplets through activation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and giant CCN (GCCN). The large-droplet mode was included to represent the dual modes of cloud droplets that often appear in nature. The activation of CCN is parameterized through the use of a Lagrangian parcel model that considers ambient cloud conditions for the nucleation of cloud droplets from aerosol. These new additions were tested in simulations of a supercell thunderstorm initiated from a warm, moist bubble. Model response was explored in regard to the microphysics sensitivity to the largedroplet mode, number concentrations of CCN and GCCN, size distributions of these nuclei, and the presence of nuclei sources and sinks.
Multifactorial Determinants of Target and Novelty-Evoked P300 Amplitudes in Children of Addicted Parents

Background Although P300 amplitude reductions constitute a persistent finding in children of addicted parents, relatively little is known about the specificity of this finding. The major aim of this study was to investigate the association between parental rearing, adverse life events, stress-reactivity, substance use and psychopathology on the one hand, and P300 amplitude in response to both target and novel distracter stimuli on the other hand. Moreover, we assessed whether risk group status (i.e., having a parental history of Substance Use Disorders [SUD]) uniquely contributed to P300 amplitude variation above and beyond these other variables. Methods Event-related potentials were recorded in high-risk adolescents with a parental history of SUD (HR;n=80) and normal-risk controls (NR;n=100) while performing a visual Novelty Oddball paradigm. Stress-evoked cortisol levels were assessed and parenting, life adversities, substance use and psychopathology were examined by using self-reports. Results HR adolescents displayed smaller P300 amplitudes in response to novel- and to target stimuli than NR controls, while the latter only approached significance. Interestingly, the effect of having a parental history of SUD on target-P300 disappeared when all other variables were taken into account. Externalizing problem behavior was a powerful predictor of target-P300. In contrast, risk group status uniquely predicted novelty-P300 amplitude reductions above and beyond all other factors. Conclusion Overall, the present findings suggest that the P300 amplitude reduction to novel stimuli might be a more specific endophenotype for SUD than the target-P300 amplitude. This pattern of results underscores the importance of conducting multifactorial assessments when examining important cognitive processes in at-risk adolescents.
A fully abstract domain model for the /spl pi/-calculus

Abramsky's domain equation for bisimulation and the author's categorical models for names combine to give a domain-theoretic model for the /spl pi/-calculus. This is set in a functor category which provides a syntax-free interpretation of fresh names, privacy visibility and non-interference between processes. The model is fully abstract for strong late bisimilarity and equivalence (bisimilarity under all name substitutions).