Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The early fusion strategy for search result diversification

A typical strategy for search result diversification is a two-stage process: first we use a traditional search engine to obtain a ranked list of documents, in which relevance is the only concern; then the results are re-ranked so as to promote diversity. In recent years, some researchers have investigated how to use data fusion to improve search result diversity. Corresponding to the two stages of search result diversification, we may apply data fusion at either of these two stages. All previous investigations focus on fusing results at the second stage, or fusing multiple results that are already diversified. In this paper, we investigate an alternative way of fusion, or fusing multiple results at the first stage. The fused results are diversified by a re-ranking algorithm. Experiments are carried out with three groups of results submitted to the TREC web adhoc task. We find that the proposed alternative is very good. Its performance is slightly better compared with the second stage fusion. Another advantage is it can be implemented more efficiently than the second stage fusion.
Patients’ Perceptions of the Quality of Discharge Teaching and Readiness for Discharge

Purpose: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a change to an interprofessional discharge planning/teaching process with more patient and family engagement. Design: A quantitative survey design was used to measure the effectiveness of the interprofessional discharge planning and teaching process in improving patient and provider outcomes. Methods: The project used the Quality of Discharge Teaching (QDTS) and Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale (RHDS) instruments to measure the patients' perceptions of readiness for discharge. Patient satisfaction rates were measured before and after the change. Findings: The new interprofessional discharge planning/teaching process significantly improved patient satisfaction levels from pre‐ to postimplementation (p < .05). There were significant differences in both pre (n = 36) and post (n = 31) data for information needed as compared to information received (p < .05). Significant improvements were noted in total QDTS (p=.01) and the Expected Support subscale of the RHDS (p=.038). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: The findings of this study indicate the importance of an interprofessional approach to discharge teaching to improve patient satisfaction and the quality of teaching. Adult learning theory and patient‐centered care using a patient‐engagement model is recommended for inpatient rehabilitation and home settings after discharge.
The Effects of Awareness‐Raising Training on Oral Communication Strategy Use

This study examines current patterns of oral communication strategy (OCS) use, to what degree these strategies can be explicitly taught, and the extent to which strategy use can lead to improvements in oral communication ability. In a 12-week English as a Foreign Language (EFL) course based on a communicative approach, 62 female learners were divided into 2 groups. The strategy training group (n= 28) received metacognitive training, focusing on OCS use, whereas the control group (n= 34) received only the normal communicative course, with no explicit focus on OCSs. The effects of the training were assessed by 3 types of data collection: the participants' pre- and postcourse oral communication test scores, transcription data from the tests, and retrospective protocol data for their task performance. The findings revealed that participants in the strategy training group significantly improved their oral proficiency test scores, whereas improvements in the control group were not significant. The results of the transcription and retrospective protocol data analyses confirmed that the participants' success was partly due to an increased general awareness of OCSs and to the use of specific OCSs, such as maintenance of fluency and negotiation of meaning to solve interactional difficulties.
Meaning Making in Wartime Bereavement: Lessons Learned From Bereaved Parents and Siblings

Wartime deaths are traumatic and leave many grieving families in their wake. Yet, the unique, nuanced bereavement needs and experiences of those who remain are largely unknown. This Canadian, qualitative study examined the bereavement experiences of family of origin, bereaved during the mission to Afghanistan. The findings provide rich data on the predominant ways in which family members found and made meaning following the death and the ways in which military culture influenced the meanings made.
On the largest prime factor of a Mersenne number

hold. In the 18th century, Euler showed that Euclid’s formula for perfect numbers gives rise to all even examples. (It is conjectured that there are no odd perfect numbers.) Probably because of the connection to perfect numbers, many mathematicians over the ages have been interested in finding primes of the form 2 − 1. In the early 17th century, the French monk and mathematician Marin Mersenne made an uncanny guess of which n in the range 29 ≤ n ≤ 257 give such primes. He guessed that it was n = 31, 67, 127, and 257, while the truth is n = 31, 61, 89, 107, and 127. What is uncanny is that he got two right, and that there are indeed so few of them. In fact the sparsity of the Mersenne primes is hardly suggested by the evidence below 31: Seven of ten candidates are prime. In honor of Mersenne and his guess, primes of the form 2 − 1 are now called Mersenne primes. Currently (June, 2003) we know 39 Mersenne primes, the largest having exponent n = 13466917, and rumors of a 40-th are circulating. Nevertheless, it has never been proved that there are infinitely many Mersenne primes, nor has it been proved that there are infinitely many prime numbers n with 2 − 1 composite. We shall call any number of the form 2 − 1 a Mersenne number, regardless if n is prime. For an integer m > 1, let P (m) denote the largest prime factor of m, and let P (1) = 1. We are interested in this paper in studying P (2 − 1). First, we shall review what is known about P (2 − 1). Schinzel [11] has shown that P (2 − 1) ≥ 2n + 1 for all n > 12. Remarkably, this result still stands as the best lower bound proved for P (2n−1) for all sufficiently large n. It is perhaps reasonable to conjecture that P (2 − 1) > n for every fixed K and all sufficiently large n depending on the choice of K, or maybe even P (2 − 1) > 2 log n for sufficiently large n, but clearly we are very far from proving such assertions. It is natural, in light of Euclid, to consider the special case of P (2 − 1) with p prime. Here we have somewhat better results: Stewart [12] showed that P (2 − 1) > 1 2p(log p) for all primes p beyond an effectively computable constant. This was improved by Stewart [13], and independently by Erdős and Shorey [3], to P (2 − 1) > c1p log p for all primes p > c2, where c1, c2 are effectively computable. In addition, people have studied P (2 − 1) ignoring a set of numbers n of asymptotic density 0. For example, consider that 2n−1 is always divisible by a prime that is congruent to 1 mod n, when n > 1. Thus, those values of n where the least prime p ≡ 1 (mod n) is large give rise to values of n where P (2 − 1) is large. In particular, it follows easily
Statin therapy in acute ischemic stroke

Despite improvements in stroke mortality coupled with therapeutic advances, stroke patients often face the prospect of substantial disability. Novel strategies are clearly needed to further improve stroke outcomes. These might include new indications for previously licensed drugs proven effective and safe in related disease processes,1 such as statins. Unlike strong evidence supporting statin use in cardiovascular risk reduction and acute myocardial ischemia, their effects on cerebral tissue and potential benefits on stroke outcomes remain poorly understood and understudied. The only current stroke-specific indication for statin use is atorvastatin for secondary stroke prevention.2 Recent meta-analyses found an association between prestroke statin use and good functional outcome (pooled odds ratio [OR]: 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29–1.75; p < 0.001),3 and lower mortality (pooled OR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.21–0.82; p = 0.0108),3–5 even in acute stroke patients treated with IV thrombolysis.3 However, these estimates derive from relatively small observational cohorts at risk of bias.
The near and far wake of Pallas' long tongued bat (Glossophaga soricina)

SUMMARY The wake structures of a bat in flight have a number of characteristics not associated with any of the bird species studied to this point. Unique features include discrete vortex rings generating negative lift at the end of the upstroke at medium and high speeds, each wing generating its own vortex loop, and a systematic variation in the circulation of the start and stop vortices along the wingspan, with increasing strength towards the wing tips. Here we analyse in further detail some previously published data from quantitative measurements of the wake behind a small bat species flying at speeds ranging from 1.5 to 7 m s–1 in a wind tunnel. The data are extended to include both near- and far-wake measurements. The near-/far-wake comparisons show that although the measured peak vorticity of the start and stop vortices decreases with increasing downstream distance from the wing, the total circulation remains approximately constant. As the wake evolves, the diffuse stop vortex shed at the inner wing forms a more concentrated vortex in the far wake. Taken together, the results show that studying the far wake, which has been the standard procedure, nevertheless risks missing details of the wake. Although study of the far wake alone can lead to the misinterpretation of the wake topology, the net, overall circulation of the main wake vortices can be preserved so that approximate momentum balance calculations are not unreasonable within the inevitably large experimental uncertainties.
Organizational and Institutional Change: A Reply to Savitt

We agree with Professor Savitt (2002 [this issue]) that there is a paucity of research on competition andmarkets. It is our hope that our original article and these remarks will act as catalysts for work that will increase the number of articles appearing in the “Competition and Markets” section of the Journal of Macromarketing. Professor Savitt certainly has some things he feels are important to say that may contribute to our understanding of the transition process. Most of his remarks touch on topics, defined below as “H0,” on which we chose not to expand—because we wanted to focus on others. It is regrettable that he was not encouraged to submit a manuscript on his topic for review rather than using the method of commenting on our article as a vehicle.We show that his characterizations and criticisms are imprecise, incorrect, or surprisingly reiterative of our arguments. Because Savitt’s (2002) argumentation intermingles many topics and levels of aggregation, we have not organized this reply employing his section headings. It is important to remind readers that the focus of our original article (Carman and Dominguez 2001) was on organizational transformation in the context of the interplay between societal and organizational transformation (in both directions); therefore, we will focus the discussion on this level. Curiously, his section entitled “Reformulating theHypotheses” underscores rather than contradicts our hypotheses. He attacks the perspective we have taken by emphasizing that in hypotheses 1 and 2, the greater the degree to which market distortions have been eliminated in a nation and industry may be easier said than done. In fact, our areas of disagreement on this point are few. He simply wants to focus on the Czech Republic and to give more emphasis to obstacles encountered there on the path to successful transition to becoming a country that can compete successfully in a global environment. In the course of doing this, he has made a number of sweeping assertions, relying at times on sources that purportedly support them. Savitt’s (2002) assertions may be grouped into five categories. He asserts that we propose a static model of convergence that prescribes convergence to a unique state that imposes a U.S. prescription while ignoring issues of equity and fairness, our treatment of environment is inappropriate, transformation is uniquely more difficult in Central and Eastern Europe than elsewhere, there are important hurdles in privatization, and organizational learning is not taking place—and cannot take place—quickly in that region of the world. We find that either the assertions are reiterative of our article or that they do not stand close scrutiny and are not supported by the evidence.
A new experimental method to characterize cyclostationary noise models of bipolar devices

This paper presents an experimental method that can be used to determine the cyclostationary properties of the low-frequency noise of bipolar transistors and diodes. The noise is measured while the device works in nonlinear regime, pumped by a low-noise signal source. To measure the noise around carrier (as close as 1 Hz offset from the carrier), bridge circuits are used to balance the pump out. By applying the proposed method to evaluate the low-frequency noise of a SiGe transistor in open collector configuration, it is shown that the 1/f like noise of the device is entirely attributed to fluctuations of its conductance.
An Examination of the Degree to Which Sex Offenders Kill

It seems clear that most of our current sex offender policies and those being proposed for the future are the result of sexually related homicides against children committed by previously convicted sex offenders. Given the enactment of these laws, one implicit legislative assumption emerges: that many, if not most, sex offenders go on to kill. This study explores the assumption that sex offenders often kill their victims. Specifically, criminal history information from Illinois from 1990 to 1997 is analyzed to examine the degree to which sex offenders are charged with murder in conjunction with a sex crime and the likelihood of arrested sex offenders experiencing a future arrest for homicide. These results are compared to those found for other types of nonsexual offenders. Findings indicate that sex offenders do not frequently commit murder, nor do they commit homicide at higher rates than other types of offenders.
Altered gene expression in the brain and ovaries of zebrafish (Danio Rerio) exposed to the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole: Microarray analysis and hypothesis generation

As part of a research effort examining system‐wide responses of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal (HPG) axis in fish to endocrine‐active chemicals (EACs) with different modes of action, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to 25 or 100 μg/L of the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole for 24, 48, or 96 h. Global transcriptional response in brain and ovarian tissue of fish exposed to 25 μg/L of fadrozole was compared to that in control fish using a commercially available, 22,000‐gene oligonucleotide microarray. Transcripts altered in brain were functionally linked to differentiation, development, DNA replication, and cell cycle. Additionally, multiple genes associated with the one‐carbon pool by folate pathway (KEGG 00670) were significantly up‐regulated. Transcripts altered in ovary were functionally linked to cell‐cell adhesion, extracellular matrix, vasculogenesis, and development. Promoter motif analysis identified GATA‐binding factor 2, Ikaros 2, alcohol dehydrogenase gene regulator 1, myoblast‐determining factor, and several heat shock factors as being associated with coexpressed gene clusters that were differentially expressed following exposure to fadrozole. Based on the transcriptional changes observed, it was hypothesized that fadrozole elicits neurodegenerative stress in brain tissue and that fish cope with this stress through proliferation of radial glial cells. Additionally, it was hypothesized that changes of gene expression in the ovary of fadrozole‐exposed zebrafish reflect disruption of oocyte maturation and ovulation because of impaired vitellogenesis. These hypotheses and others derived from the microarray results provide a foundation for future studies aimed at understanding responses of the HPG axis to EACs and other chemical stressors.
Exploring user experiences of active workstations: a case study of under desk elliptical trainers

Prolonged inactivity in office workers is a well-known contributor to various diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular dysfunction. In recent years, active workstations that incorporate physical activities such as walking and cycling into the workplace have gained significant popularity, owing to the accessibility of the workouts they offer. While their efficacy is well documented in medical and physiological literature, research regarding the user experience of such systems has rarely been performed, despite its importance for interactive systems design. As a case study, we focus on active workstations that incorporate under desk elliptical trainers, and conduct controlled experiments regarding work performance and a four week long field deployment to explore user experience with 13 participants. We investigate how such workouts influence work performance, when and why workers work out during working hours, and the general feelings of workers regarding usage. Our experimental results indicate that while work performance is not influenced, the cognitive load of tasks critically influences workout decisions. Active workstations were alternatively used as mood enhancers, footrests, and for fidgeting, and there exist unique social and technical aspects to be addressed, such as noise issues and space constraints. Our results provide significant implications for the design of active workstations and interactive workplaces in general.
Transforming with levity: humor, leadership, and follower attitudes

– This study seeks to offer an empirical test of a model addressing how a leader's humor use will moderate the effects of a transformational leader style on follower attitudes, such as trust, identification, affective commitment, and job satisfaction. , – Working adults (n=369) participated in a two‐phase data collection of self‐reported attitudes and their perceptions of leadership behavior. Perceptions of transformational leadership and humor were collected at Time 1. Trust, identification, affective commitment, and job satisfaction were collected a week later. , – Results demonstrate significant relationships between transformational leadership and trust, identification, affective organizational commitment, and job satisfaction. The moderator effect was only supported in relationships between transformational leadership and both trust and affective commitment, suggesting that transformational leaders who are seen as using more humor rate higher on these outcomes than followers of low humor leaders. , – The primary limitation of the study is the potential for single source bias in that both perceptions of leader behavior and self‐reported attitudes were measured from the followers' perspectives. , – The findings have several managerial implications. Primarily, a transformational leader who effectively uses humor might expect an effect on the outcomes explored here, but also on more distal results of which the study variables may be theoretically antecedent, such as job performance and turnover. , – There has been little research on the influence of a leader's humor use on the relationships between transformational leadership and trust, identification, commitment and job satisfaction. The study augments the extant literature on these relationships.
Novel circular antenna with elliptical rings for ultra-wide-band

This Novel antenna consists mainly of conducting Circular patch with elliptical rings and partial conducting ground plane, with dimensions of 45 mm×31 mm×1.27 mm, Rogers 5880 LZ is selected as a substrate. The impedance bandwidth of the designed antenna is between 3.5 GHz to 9 GHz. The selected partial ground length is 11 mm. VSWR and S11 are obtained for the new antenna through HFSS simulation for different ground plane lengths. Antenna group delay, maximum antenna gain and radiation pattern for this novel antenna are studied and analyzed. The presented antenna achieved the desired BW and the simulated S11 and VSWR are coherent and show unique performance.
Culture, Thought and the Unimodel

This paper considers the question whether the human thought process is uniform or whether there exist qualitatively distinct thought processes differentially used by different cultures, or in different situations. Whereas early positions on both sides of this debate (in late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries) rested upon a questionable evidential basis, recent decades of research in social and cognitive psychologies have produced a plethora of controlled experimental findings seemingly supportive of the notion of multiple thinking modes. We consider this body of evidence and the general issues that underlie it in terms of a novel theoretical perspective referred to as the unimodel (Erb et al. 2003; Kruglanski, Erb et al. 2003). The unimodel reinterprets diverse differences in reasoning outcomes in terms of several thought parameters that have not been controlled for in former research. New evidence in a number of content domains supports the view that human reasoning can be characterized as uniform.
A Dose of Reality: Overcoming Usability Challenges in VR Head-Mounted Displays

We identify usability challenges facing consumers adopting Virtual Reality (VR) head-mounted displays (HMDs) in a survey of 108 VR HMD users. Users reported significant issues in interacting with, and being aware of their real-world context when using a HMD. Building upon existing work on blending real and virtual environments, we performed three design studies to address these usability concerns. In a typing study, we show that augmenting VR with a view of reality significantly corrected the performance impairment of typing in VR. We then investigated how much reality should be incorporated and when, so as to preserve users' sense of presence in VR. For interaction with objects and peripherals, we found that selectively presenting reality as users engaged with it was optimal in terms of performance and users' sense of presence. Finally, we investigated how this selective, engagement-dependent approach could be applied in social environments, to support the user's awareness of the proximity and presence of others.
External and internal trigger cues of impulse buying online

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the internal and external factors of impulse buying in online shopping.Design/methodology/approach – Two pretests were conducted; Pretest 1 to identify external impulse trigger cues on web sites and Pretest 2 to evaluate the content validity of the findings from Pretest 1. Based on the pretests, a web experiment and survey were conducted to explore the effect of different external impulse trigger cues on impulse‐buying behavior online and also to examine how internal factors of impulse buying (impulse‐buying tendency (IBT), affective and cognitive state, normative evaluation) are related to online impulse‐buying behaviors.Findings – No significant differences were found among the types of external impulse trigger cues, however a positive correlation was found between a person's IBT and online impulse‐buying behavior, and between a person's affective state and online impulse‐buying behavior. A negative correlation was found between a person's cognitive .