Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
YÜKSEKÖĞRETİM DÜZEYİNDE SINIF ATMOSFERİNİN ÖĞRENCİ BAŞARISINA ETKİSİ

Sinif atmosferinin temel degiskenleri; ogrenci kaynakli sorunlar, sinif ici fiziksel degiskenler, ogretim surecinin ozellikleri, iletisim bicimleri, ogretim elemani destegi ve disiplin anlayisi olarak ozetlenebilir. Bu calismada amac, yuksekogrenim duzeyinde sinif atmosferi degiskenlerinin ogrenci basarisi uzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Betimsel bir calisma olun bu arastirmada veriler durum saptamasi yontemiyle toplanmistir. Arastirmanin evrenini, A.U. K.K. Egitim Fakultesi olusturmaktadir. Orneklem olarak da ilkogretimin ikinci kademesine ogretmen yetistiren, Turkce Ogretmenligi Bolumu, Sosyal Bilgiler, Fen Bilgisi ve Đlkogretim Matematik Ogretmenligi ABD’nde ogrenim goren ogrencilerdir. Veri toplama araci olarak, arastirmacilar tarafindan gelistirilen olcegin guvenirlik alfa katsayisi olarak 0.92’lik yuksek bir deger bulunmustur. Anket formlari deneklere uygulandiktan sonra veriler istatistik programlarinda analiz edilmistir. Ogrenciler basarilarini en cok etkileyen degiskenin ogretim elemaninin yeterliligi oldugunu vurgulamislardir. Ogrenciler ders disindaki ozel hayatlarina iliskin sorunlarin basarilarini oldukca etkiledigini ifade etmislerdir. Ogrencilerin sinif disi genel sorunlari ve ogretim uyesinin etkililiginin basari uzerindeki etkisine iliskin ogrenci gorusleri arasinda cinsiyete gore farklilik bulunmustur. Bolum veya anabilim dallarina gore ogrenci basarisini etkileyen sinif atmosferi degiskenlerinden ogrencilerin sinif disi sorunlari ile sinif ici disiplin konularinda anlamli bir farklilik bulunamamistir. Sinifin fiziksel degiskenlerinin basarida etkililigi konusunda bolum veya anabilim dallari arasinda anlamli bir farklilik bulunmustur. Siniftaki iletisim ortaminin bolum veya anabilim dallarinda ogrenim goren ogrencilerin basarilarindaki etkileri konusunda da anlamli farklilik bulunmustur. Sinif atmosferi yaninda basariyi etkileyebilecek diger degiskenler de farkli kademelerde arastirilabilir.
Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) Is a Transcriptional Activator of the TrkB Neurotrophin Receptor Gene*

Neurotrophins and their cognate receptors play a pivotal role in the development and function of the nervous system. High expression levels of the neurotrophin receptor TrkB and its ligands in neuroblastomas are associated with an unfavorable outcome. We report here that NTRK2, which encodes the TrkB receptor tyrosine kinase, is an oxygen-regulated gene, whose expression is stimulated by the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). TrkB mRNA and protein levels were elevated nearly 30-fold in neuroblastoma-derived Kelly cells in hypoxia (1% O2) versus normoxia (21% O2). A luciferase reporter construct containing ≈2.1 kilobases of the human TrkB promoter was activated about 6-fold both in hypoxia and after stimulation with the hypoxia mimetic 2,2′-dipyridyl (100 μm) at 21% O2. Luciferase activity in the presence of 2,2′-dipyridyl was reduced significantly upon small interfering RNA knockdown of HIF-1α but not of HIF-2α. Accordingly, hypoxia failed to stimulate the TrkB promoter in mouse embryonic fibroblasts that lacked HIF-1α. The hypoxia-responsive promoter region could be mapped to three HIF-1 binding elements that were located between -923 and -879 bp relative to the transcription start site. The migration of cultured neuroblastoma cells was increased ∼2-fold upon incubation at 1 versus 21% O2. This effect of hypoxia was abrogated with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor K252a (200 nm). Our findings indicate that transcription of the NTRK2 gene is stimulated at low oxygen tension through a HIF-1-dependent mechanism. In conclusion, enhanced expression of TrkB could represent a critical switch for the previously reported dedifferentiation of neuroblastoma cells under hypoxic conditions.
As-Needed Treatment with Ranibizumab 0.5 mg in Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Purpose TO describe the results obtained in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with ranibizumab 0.5 mg on an as-needed basis from the start after 1 year of follow-up. Methods Retrospective, consecutive interventional case series of patients with all angiographic types of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (mean baseline size, 3.4 disk areas) in a tertiary retinal center (Institut de la Màcula i la Retina; Barcelona, Spain). Main outcome was mean vision change; secondary outcomes were center retinal thickness change, number of injections, adverse events, and independent covariates associated with a good response. Results Mean visual acuity change was an increase of 1.3 letters (95% confidence interval −2.7 to +5.3), and difference between angiographic patterns did not reach statistical significance (p=0.30). A decrease in retinal thickness of 44.6 μm was identified (p<0.001), with a median of 3 injections. Absence of baseline arterial hypertension, lower visual acuity, and lesions located outside the fovea were associated with a better response to therapy. Conclusions As-needed treatment from the start achieved stabilization of visual acuity and a moderate decrease of retinal thickness with a low number of injections, but did not achieve the same efficacy as regular monthly injections.
The consistency statement in causal inference: a definition or an assumption?

T hree assumptions sufﬁcient to identify the average causal effect are consistency, positivity, and exchangeability (ie, “no unmeasured confounders and no informative censoring,” or “ignorability of the treatment assignment and measurement of the out-come”). The exchangeability assumptions are well known territory for epidemiologists and biostatisticians. Brieﬂy, to be satisﬁed, these 2 exchangeability assumptions that require exposed and unexposed subjects, and censored and uncensored subjects have equal distributions of potential outcomes, respectively. Indeed, the so-called fundamental problem of causal inference 1 is directly linked to the ﬁrst exchangeability assumption. In contrast, the consistency and positivity assumptions are less well known. The positivity assumption states that there is a nonzero (ie, positive) probability of receiving every level of exposure for every combination of values of exposure and confounders that occur among individuals in the population. 2,3 It remains unclear why the consistency and positivity assumptions are less well known. Optimistically, perhaps these assumptions are less important with respect to an impact on estimation of the average causal effect. Pessimistically, these assumptions are less well known because there is little alarming evidence of a departure from either of these assumptions in observational studies without explicitly looking for the departure. Here we will focus on the preliminary issue of clarifying the consistency assumption. The consistency assumption is often stated such that an individual’s potential outcome under her observed exposure history is precisely her observed outcome. 4 Methods for require that the is deﬁned Speciﬁcally, able to a certain level of exposure could be hypothetically assigned to a person exposed to a different level. requirement is known as consistency. Consistency is guaranteed by design in experiments, because application of the exposure to any is under the control of the investigator.
Production of S‐acetoin from diacetyl by Escherichia coli transformant cells that express the diacetyl reductase gene of Paenibacillus polymyxa ZJ‐9

S‐acetoin (S‐AC) is an important four‐carbon chiral compound that has unique industrial applications in the asymmetric synthesis of valuable chiral specialty chemicals. However, previous studies showed that the usually low yield and optical purity of S‐AC as well as the very high substrate cost have hindered the application of this compound. In the current work, a gene encoding diacetyl reductase (DAR) from a Paenibacillus polymyxa strain ZJ‐9 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Whole cells of the recombinant E. coli were used to produce S‐AC from diacetyl (DA). Under optimal conditions, S‐AC with high optical purity (purity >99·9%) was obtained with a yield of 13·5 ± 0·24 and 39·4 ± 0·38 g l−1 under batch and fed‐batch culture conditions, respectively. This process featured the biotransformation of DA into S‐AC using whole cells of engineered E. coli. The result is a considerable increase in the yield and optical purity of S‐AC, which in turn facilitated the practical application of the compound.
Media Framing of the Muslim World: Conflicts, Crises and Contexts

Preface Introduction 1. Islam and the Muslim World 2. Media-generated Muslims and Islamophobia 3. Image and Reality of Reporting War and Conflict in the Muslim World 4. Asylum Seekers 5. Covering Terrorism Suspects 6. The Arab Spring 7. A Clash of Civilizations? 8. Moving on from 9/11? Conclusion References
Anemia and iron deficiency in Mexican elderly population: Results from the Ensanut 2012.

OBJECTIVE To describe de prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) and anemia in a sample of Mexican elderly population from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (Ensanut) 2012. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1 920 subjects ≥60 years of age were included. Hemoglobin, serum concentrations of ferritin and CRP were measured. The risk for ID and anemia adjusted for potential confounders was assessed in logistic regression models. RESULTS The overall prevalence of anemia was 13.9%, 15.2% in males and 12.8% females. For ID, overall it was 4.2%, males 4.0% and females 4.3%. The greatest prevalence of ID was found in males and females over 80 years old (6.9 and 7.0%, respectively). ID was present in 1.5 of 10 Mexican elders with anemia. CONCLUSION The prevalence of anemia was high in the elderly, however the prevalence of ID was low; there is a need to further investigate the causes of anemia in this age group.
Richter syndrome and fludarabine: a controversial relationship

Over time, a fraction ( ~ 10%) of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) develop Richter syndrome (RS), representing the clinico-pathologic transformation of CLL to an aggressive lymphoma, most commonly ( ~ 95% of cases) diff use large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) [1,2]. Historically, the defi nition of Richter syndrome also applies to cases of CLL who have developed classical Hodgkin lymphoma, although this event is very rare ( ~ 5% of cases) [1]. In the classic type of RS, the DLBCL is usually ( ~ 80%) clonally related to the CLL clone, thus representing a true transformation of the indolent disease to an aggressive phase. In the remaining ~ 20% of cases, the DLBCL is unrelated to the CLL clone, and should be considered as a de novo DLBCL arising in a patient with CLL [3]. Th e Hodgkin variant of RS is almost always unrelated to the CLL phase [4]. Within the spectrum of the various disease stages of CLL, clonally related RS is the most aggressive clinical phenotype because of the combined eff ect of chemoresistance and rapid disease kinetics [3]. On the other hand, patients with CLL developing a clonally unrelated RS display a more favorable outcome, with a survival probability in the range of de novo DLBCL [3].
Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients Commencing Biologic Therapy Have High Baseline Levels of Comorbidity: A Report from the Australian Rheumatology Association Database

Aims. To compare the baseline characteristics of a population-based cohort of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) commencing biological therapy to the reported characteristics of bDMARD randomised controlled trials (RCTs) participants. Methods. Descriptive analysis of AS participants in the Australian Rheumatology Association Database (ARAD) who were commencing bDMARD therapy. Results. Up to December 2008, 389 patients with AS were enrolled in ARAD. 354 (91.0%) had taken bDMARDs at some time, and 198 (55.9%) completed their entry questionnaire prior to or within 6 months of commencing bDMARDs. 131 (66.1%) had at least one comorbid condition, and 24 (6.8%) had a previous malignancy (15 nonmelanoma skin, 4 melanoma, 2 prostate, 1 breast, cervix, and bowel). Compared with RCT participants, ARAD participants were older, had longer disease duration and higher baseline disease activity. Conclusions. AS patients commencing bDMARDs in routine care are significantly different to RCT participants and have significant baseline comorbidities.
A Hydrogen Ion-Selective Sensor Based on Non-Plasticised Methacrylic-acrylic Membranes

A methacrylic-acrylic polymer was synthesised for use as a non-plasticised membrane for hydrogen ion-selective sensor incorporating tridodecylamine as an ionophore. The copolymer consisted of methyl methacrylate and n-butyl acrylate monomers in a ratio of 2:8. Characterisation of the copolymer using FTNMR demonstrated that the amount of each monomer incorporated during solution polymerisation was found to be similar to the amount used in the feed before polymerisation. The glass transition temperature of the copolymer determined by differential scanning calorimetry was -30.9 oC. Potentiometric measurements conducted showed a linear pH response range of 4.3 – 9.6 with the response slope of 56.7 mV/decade. The selectivity of the sensors towards hydrogen ions was similar to other plasticiser based membrane electrodes and the logarithmic selectivity coefficients for discrimination against interference cations is close to –9.7. However, the incorporation of a lipophilic anion as membrane additive is essential in ensuring optimum performance of the hydrogen ion sensor.
Complete characterization of the stability of cluster synchronization in complex dynamical networks

Group theory and optics predict and test how and when clusters synchronize, merge, and persist in balanced dynamical networks. Synchronization is an important and prevalent phenomenon in natural and engineered systems. In many dynamical networks, the coupling is balanced or adjusted to admit global synchronization, a condition called Laplacian coupling. Many networks exhibit incomplete synchronization, where two or more clusters of synchronization persist, and computational group theory has recently proved to be valuable in discovering these cluster states based on the topology of the network. In the important case of Laplacian coupling, additional synchronization patterns can exist that would not be predicted from the group theory analysis alone. Understanding how and when clusters form, merge, and persist is essential for understanding collective dynamics, synchronization, and failure mechanisms of complex networks such as electric power grids, distributed control networks, and autonomous swarming vehicles. We describe a method to find and analyze all of the possible cluster synchronization patterns in a Laplacian-coupled network, by applying methods of computational group theory to dynamically equivalent networks. We present a general technique to evaluate the stability of each of the dynamically valid cluster synchronization patterns. Our results are validated in an optoelectronic experiment on a five-node network that confirms the synchronization patterns predicted by the theory.
Insights Into Species Divergence and the Evolution of Hermaphroditism From Fertile Interspecies Hybrids of Caenorhabditis Nematodes

The architecture of both phenotypic variation and reproductive isolation are important problems in evolutionary genetics. The nematode genus Caenorhabditis includes both gonochoristic (male/female) and androdioecious (male/hermaprodite) species. However, the natural genetic variants distinguishing reproductive mode remain unknown, and nothing is known about the genetic basis of postzygotic isolation in the genus. Here we describe the hybrid genetics of the first Caenorhabditis species pair capable of producing fertile hybrid progeny, the gonochoristic Caenorhabditis sp. 9 and the androdioecious C. briggsae. Though many interspecies F1 arrest during embryogenesis, a viable subset develops into fertile females and sterile males. Reciprocal parental crosses reveal asymmetry in male-specific viability, female fertility, and backcross viability. Selfing and spermatogenesis are extremely rare in XX F1, and almost all hybrid self-progeny are inviable. Consistent with this, F1 females do not express male-specific molecular germline markers. We also investigated three approaches to producing hybrid hermaphrodites. A dominant mutagenesis screen for self-fertile F1 hybrids was unsuccessful. Polyploid F1 hybrids with increased C. briggsae genomic material did show elevated rates of selfing, but selfed progeny were mostly inviable. Finally, the use of backcrosses to render the hybrid genome partial homozygous for C. briggsae alleles did not increase the incidence of selfing or spermatogenesis relative to the F1 generation. These hybrid animals were genotyped at 23 loci, and significant segregation distortion (biased against C. briggsae) was detected at 13 loci. This, combined with an absence of productive hybrid selfing, prevents formulation of simple hypotheses about the genetic architecture of hermaphroditism. In the near future, this hybrid system will likely be fruitful for understanding the genetics of reproductive isolation in Caenorhabditis.
Modified interleaved buck converter implementation for higher step-down conversion ratio

This paper presents Modified Interleaved Buck Converter (MIBC) model which has lower inductor ripple current and higher step-down conversion ratio. This converter is applicable where the input voltage is high and the output voltage is low. Three MOSFETs are connected in series and two coupling capacitors are used in the power path. The converter is working in higher switching frequency and operating duty is below 50%. The proposed MIBC results higher step-down conversion ratio with smaller output current ripple compared with a conventional Interleaved Buck Converter. The converter design, modes of operation, and corresponding simulation results of the proposed MIBC are presented in this paper. The analysis of MIBC is validated by the simulation results of prototype converters with 200V input, 10V/4.3A output.
Managing organisations in Africa

Die zentrale Bedeutung, die dem Aufbau leistungsfahiger Organisationen im afrikanischen Entwicklungskontext zukommt, ist unbestritten. Internationale Entwicklungsagenturen sehen in der Starkung einheimischer Organisationskapazitaten einen Schlusselfaktor in der Bewaltigung der Entwicklungsprobleme des Kontinents. Vor diesem Hintergrund kann eine Veroffentlichung wie die von Blunt und Jones mit grosem Interesse rechnen. Dabei nehmen sich die Autoren vor, das vorhandene empirische Wissen uber Organisationen in Afrika mit bestehenden Ansatzen der Organisationsforschung und der praktischen Managementlehre zu integrieren. Die Autoren umreisen nicht, was sie unter "Organisationen" im afrikanischen Kontext verste-
Labeled Pseudo-Projective Dependency Parsing with Support Vector Machines

We use SVM classifiers to predict the next action of a deterministic parser that builds labeled projective dependency graphs in an incremental fashion. Non-projective dependencies are captured indirectly by projectivizing the training data for the classifiers and applying an inverse transformation to the output of the parser. We present evaluation results and an error analysis focusing on Swedish and Turkish.
Phosphorylation of tau regulates its axonal transport by controlling its binding to kinesin

Defective axonal transport has been proposed as an underlying mechanism that may give rise to neurodegeneration. We investigated the effect of phosphorylation on the axonal transport of tau, a neuronal protein that stabilizes microtubules and is hyperphos‐phorylated and mislocalized in Alzheimer's disease. We report here that specific inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK‐3) reduces tau phosphorylation and significantly decreases the overall rate of axonal transport of tau in rat cortical neurons. Tau mutants, with serine/ threonine targets of GSK‐3 mutated to glutamate to mimic a permanent state of phosphorylation, were transported at a significantly increased rate compared to wild‐type tau. Conversely, tau mutants, in which alanine replaced serine/threonine to mimic permanent dephosphorylation, were transported at a decreased rate compared to wild‐type tau. We also found that tau interacts with the light chain of kinesin‐1 and that this is dependent on the phosphorylation state of tau. Tau phosphorylation by GSK‐3 increased binding, and de‐phosphorylated tau exhibited a reduced association with kinesin‐1. We conclude that GSK‐3 phosphorylation of tau modulates its axonal transport by regulating binding to kinesin‐1. Hyperphosphorylated tau in Alzheimer's disease appearing first in distal portions of axons may result from aberrant axonal transport of phosphorylated tau reported here. —Cuchillo‐Ibanez, I. , Seereeram, A. , Byers, H. L. , Leung, K. ‐Y. , Ward, M. A. , Anderton, B. H. , Hanger, D. P. Phosphorylation of tau regulates its axonal transport by controlling its binding to kinesin. FASEB J. 22, 3186–3195 (2008)
Self-administered versus provider-directed sampling in the Anishinaabek Cervical Cancer Screening Study (ACCSS): a qualitative investigation with Canadian First Nations women

Background While (Pap)anicolaou screening has helped to decrease cervical cancer incidence in Canada, First Nations women continue to have a higher burden and mortality relative to mainstream populations. Many First Nations women may feel uncomfortable with the invasiveness of this test, contributing to this statistic. Implemented from 2009 to 2015 in 10 Northwest Ontario First Nations communities, the Anishinaabek Cervical Cancer Screening Study (ACCSS) uniquely addressed this Indigenous health inequity through a mixed methods approach. Objective Our goal was to offer an alternative test which the women could do themselves: human papillomavirus (HPV) testing based on self-sampling. We investigated whether First Nations women preferred HPV self-sampling over healthcare provider (HCP)-administered Pap screening. Methods Participatory action researchinformed by the ethical space concept has guided all stages of the ACCSS. We conducted qualitative interviews with 16 HCPs and 8 focus group discussions with 69 female community members followed by a cluster-randomised controlled trial (RCT). Here, we draw on the qualitative field data and an end-of-study community update gathering to disseminate and contextualise research findings. Informant data were evaluated using thematic analysis. Results We discuss factors influencing participants’ strong preference for HPV self-sampling over physician-conducted Pap screening. Key arguments included enhanced accessibility and more personal control, less physical and emotional discomfort and fewer concerns regarding privacy of test results. For future implementation of HPV self-sampling, study participants emphasised the need for more culturally sensitive education addressed to community members of all genders, starting at school, clarifying that HPV causes cervical cancer. Further, HPV infection should be de-stigmatised by accentuating that it affects men and women alike. Conclusion Here we show that self-sampling in conjunction with community engagement and culturally sensitive education and could be a viable option for underscreened Canadian First Nations women. These informant data echo our previous RCT results.