Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Benzodiazepines on the Fetus and the Newborn*

The effect of the maternal use of benzodiazepines (BZD) on the fetus and the newborn infant has been studied in a representative series of 17 newborn infants (BZD group). The pregnancy and the perinatal period were characterized by 20 items. On the 2nd day of life, a neurologic investigation was performed and comprised a total of 38 items, subgrouped into items of reflexes/reactions, tonus, and other symptoms and signs. An optimum finding for each item was selected. The results were compared with a group of 21 newborns fetally exposed to psychotropic drugs other than BZD (drug group) and a reference group of 29 newborns with no known fetal exposure to drugs. Infants in the BZD group had a lower birth weight for birth length, as compared to both the drug group and the reference group. Significant differences in frequency of pre- and perinatal complications and in neuro-behavior between the BZD group and the reference group were found in all groups of items. We conclude that the use of BZD during pregnancy is associated with impaired intrauterine growth and an increased frequency of pre- and perinatal events. It affects the newborn infant neurologically mainly in the form of intoxication and withdrawal symptoms.
Overshielding event of 28–29 July 2000

On 29 July 2000, IMAGE EUV observed a shoulder‐like bulge on the plasmapause. Goldstein et al. [2002] showed that plasmaspheric shoulders may be caused by a pre‐dawn concentration of eastward overshielding electric (E) field triggered by a decrease in magnetospheric convection. A simulation by the Magnetospheric Specification Model (MSM) captures the shoulder formation, reproducing its approximate size and location. ROCSAT‐1 ion drift meter data are consistent with the strength, time development and local‐time variation of the MSM eastward penetration E‐field (and associated radial flows) during the shoulder formation on 28 July.
Mitigating Short-Term PV Output Intermittency

We approach the issue of short-term PV output intermittency from a management standpoint by determining the cost of actively mitigating it using “shock-absorbing” short-term energy buffers. Using three case studies in California, Hawaii and the southern US as experimental support, we determine this cost as a function of (1) the desired amount of variability mitigation; (2) the considered variability time scale, (3) the PV resource’s geographical footprint, and (4) the availability of accurate solar forecasts. We show that, in a plausible operational context, the cost of mitigating variability across time scales ranging from one minute to a couple of hours could be kept below 25-35 cents per installed PV kW.
Discrete-Time Mixing Receiver Architecture for RF-Sampling Software-Defined Radio

A discrete-time (DT) mixing architecture for RF-sampling receivers is presented. This architecture makes RF sampling more suitable for software-defined radio (SDR) as it achieves wideband quadrature demodulation and wideband harmonic rejection. The paper consists of two parts. In the first part, different downconversion techniques are classified and compared, leading to the definition of a DT mixing concept. The suitability of CT-mixing and RF-sampling receivers to SDR is also discussed. In the second part, we elaborate the DT-mixing architecture, which can be realized by de-multiplexing. Simulation shows a wideband 90° phase shift between I and Q outputs without systematic channel bandwidth limitation. Oversampling and harmonic rejection relaxes RF pre-filtering and reduces noise and interference folding. A proof-of-concept DT-mixing downconverter has been built in 65 nm CMOS, for 0.2 to 0.9 GHz RF band employing 8-times oversampling. It can reject 2nd to 6th harmonics by 40 dB typically and without systematic channel bandwidth limitation. Without an LNA, it achieves a gain of -0.5 to 2.5 dB, a DSB noise figure of 18 to 20 dB, an IIP3 = +10 dBm, and an IIP2 = +53 dBm, while consuming less than 19 mW including multiphase clock generation.
Nitrate and phosphate uptake in streams at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory

ients are generally responsible for limitin freshwater ecosystems. An exception shaded headwater streams where auto:tion may be light limited (e.g. HYNES r 1980, LOWE et al. 1986). However, in lutrients may be important in regulating processes (ELWOOD et al. 1981, AUMEN et out the effort and expense of long-term idies, short-term injections of nutrients > demonstrate relative rates of nutrient i Solute Workshop 1990). The objective as to use this methodology to: ptake of two commonly limiting nutrilate and nitrate; isonal changes in uptake of both nutri-
Sea level rise

Sea level rise is naturally a topic of concern to many Floridians. Our intention in this chapter is to give the reader enough information on this topic to inform decisions about future adaptation strategies. We begin by reviewing how we measure sea level and the reasons that sea level can change. At the global level, the problem is relatively simple in that globally averaged sea level can only increase if water is added to the ocean or the ocean warms. The situation is more complicated at the local level, where variations can occur (e.g., due to changes in wind and ocean current patterns, and differences in vertical land motion rates). We present summaries of global sea level change over several time scales, ranging from the modern day to the geological records. Although we have confidence in estimates of the rate of global mean sea level change, determining from observations whether the rate is increasing, or accelerating, is more challenging. Over the next century, sea level change in Florida is expected to follow the global trend reasonably closely, but on shorter time scales and in different localities some variations are inevitable. We end with a discussion of the future sea level rise projections for Florida that should form the basis for efforts to plan adaptation strategies.
Potential Extensions of the US FRAX Algorithm

To determine if the revised US FRAX can identify those at high risk for fractures at any skeletal site, we studied 250 women and 249 men ≥40 years old from an age-stratified random sample of Rochester, MN residents. At baseline, femoral neck (FN) bone density was assessed, as were the clinical risk factors included in FRAX, along with additional fracture risk factors such as bone turnover markers and fall history. Fracture ascertainment through periodic interviews and comprehensive medical record review was performed over 10 years of followup. In both women and men, a higher FRAX probability at baseline was associated with greater subsequent likelihood of a major osteoporotic fracture. However, a relative 10% increase in the FRAX 10-year fracture probability was also associated with a 1.4-fold increase (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–1.7) in other fractures in women and a 1.7-fold increase (95% CI 0.8–3.1) in men. Furthermore, FRAX predicted asymptomatic vertebral fractures and fractures generally in both sexes. The addition of risk factors not currently included in FRAX did not appear to improve the accuracy of fracture risk prediction. FRAX may provide a conservative estimate of risk for major osteoporotic fractures, but it also predicts fractures generally.
A Numerical Minimization of Perceptual Error for the Linear Chromatic Adaptation Transform

In this paper, new sensors for the chromatic adaptation transform (CAT) are found. They have been obtained by the independent numerical minimization of 6 perceptual error metrics over 16 corresponding color pair (CCP) data sets, including Lam's set, using as starting point for the minimization 4 known and commonly used sensors. An analysis of their performances has shown that the best performance is always achieved by the sensors resulting from the minimization process over Lam's data set. Some of these performances are statistically equivalent to and even better than those obtained using the CMCCAT2000 and the nonlinear Bradford transforms. This result reinforces both the use of Lam's set as a good representation for the other CCP data sets, and the e orts mentioned in the literature towards the removal of the nonlinearity of the CAT of the CIECAM97 model.
Antitumor activity of combined endostatin and thymidine kinase gene therapy in C6 glioma models

The combination of Endostatin (ES) and Herpes Simplex Virus thymidine kinase (HSV‐TK) gene therapy is known to have antitumor activity in bladder cancer. The potential effect of ES and TK therapy in glioma has not yet been investigated. In this study, pTK‐internal ribosome entry site (IRES), pIRES‐ES, and pTK‐IRES‐ES plasmids were constructed; pIRES empty vector served as the negative control. The recombinant constructs were transfected into human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) ECV304 and C6 rat glioma cell line. Ganciclovir (GCV) was used to induce cell death in transfected C6 cells. We found that ECV304 cells expressing either ES or TK‐ES showed reduced proliferation, decreased migration capacity, and increased apoptosis, as compared to untransfected cells or controls. pTK‐IRES‐ES/GCV or pTK‐IRES/GCV significantly suppressed cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in C6 cells, as compared to the control. In addition, the administration of pIRES‐ES, pTK‐IRES/GCV, or pTK‐IRES‐ES/GCV therapy improved animal activity and behavior; was associated with prolonged animal survival, and a lower microvessel density (MVD) value in tumor tissues of C6 glioma rats. In comparison to others, dual gene therapy in form of pTK‐IRES‐ES/GCV had a significant antitumor activity against C6 glioma. These findings indicate combined TK and ES gene therapy was associated with a superior antitumor efficacy as compared to single gene therapy in C6 glioma.
Analysis of Porphyra Membrane Transporters Demonstrates Gene Transfer among Photosynthetic Eukaryotes and Numerous Sodium-Coupled Transport Systems1[C][W][OA]

Membrane transporters play a central role in many cellular processes that rely on the movement of ions and organic molecules between the environment and the cell, and between cellular compartments. Transporters have been well characterized in plants and green algae, but little is known about transporters or their evolutionary histories in the red algae. Here we examined 482 expressed sequence tag contigs that encode putative membrane transporters in the economically important red seaweed Porphyra (Bangiophyceae, Rhodophyta). These contigs are part of a comprehensive transcriptome dataset from Porphyra umbilicalis and Porphyra purpurea. Using phylogenomics, we identified 30 trees that support the expected monophyly of red and green algae/plants (i.e. the Plantae hypothesis) and 19 expressed sequence tag contigs that show evidence of endosymbiotic/horizontal gene transfer involving stramenopiles. The majority (77%) of analyzed contigs encode transporters with unresolved phylogenies, demonstrating the difficulty in resolving the evolutionary history of genes. We observed molecular features of many sodium-coupled transport systems in marine algae, and the potential for coregulation of Porphyra transporter genes that are associated with fatty acid biosynthesis and intracellular lipid trafficking. Although both the tissue-specific and subcellular locations of the encoded proteins require further investigation, our study provides red algal gene candidates associated with transport functions and novel insights into the biology and evolution of these transporters.
Lifestyle Habits: Diet, physical activity and sleep duration among Omani adolescents.

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the lifestyle habits-physical activity (PA), eating habits (EH), and sleep duration (SD)-of Omani adolescents, and to examine gender differences in such variables. METHODS 802 Omani adolescents (442 females and 360 males), aged 15-18 years were randomly recruited. Anthropometric indices, PA level, and EH and SD were evaluated by the Arab Teenage Lifestyle questionnaire. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for dietary assessment was also administered. RESULTS The results showed that although the study subjects had a sedentary lifestyle (lack of PA, average of 6.7 hours sleep, and consumption of high calorie foods), they maintained a normal body mass (less than 25 Kg/m(2)). Males were more than twice as active as females. With respect to EH, there were few gender differences, except in dairy and meat consumption where 62.5% and 55.5% of males consumed more than 3 servings, respectively, compared to 18.78 % and 35.2% of females, respectively. In addition, waist/height ratio, height, reasons for being active, energy drinks, potato consumption, eating sweets, vigorous PA and breakfast EHs were statistically significant independent predictors for BMI, P <0.05 for both males and females. CONCLUSION This study revealed a high prevalence of sedentary behaviors and a low level of physical activity, especially among females. Unhealthy dietary habits were also widely found among both genders. There is an urgent need for more research as well as a national policy promoting active living and healthy eating and discouraging sedentary behaviour among Omani adolescents.
Quantitative Proteomics of Spodoptera frugiperda Cells during Growth and Baculovirus Infection

Baculovirus infection of Spodoptera frugiperda cells is a system of choice to produce a range of recombinant proteins, vaccines and, potentially, gene therapy vectors. While baculovirus genomes are well characterized, the genome of S. frugiperda is not sequenced and the virus-host molecular interplay is sparsely known. Herein, we describe the application of stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) to obtain the first comparative proteome quantitation of S. frugiperda cells during growth and early baculovirus infection. The proteome coverage was maximized by compiling a search database with protein annotations from insect species. Of interest were differentially proteins related to energy metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress, yet not investigated in the scope of baculovirus infection. Further, the reduced expression of key viral-encoded proteins early in the infection cycle is suggested to be related with decreased viral replication at high cell density culture. These findings have implications for virological research and improvement of baculovirus-based bioprocesses.
China's Accession to the WTO: Timing is Everything

Since China’s application in 1987 to resume its status in the Generalized Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT)/World Trade Organization (WTO) there has been a great deal of debate over the timing of China’s accession. Although most of the issues relating to the timing of China’s trade liberalization have been resolved, the abolition of restrictions on Chinese textiles and clothing may still be subject to delay if the United States and Europe choose to implement the safeguards contained in the their bilateral accession agreements with China as well as in the original Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC). In this paper, the effects of alternative target dates for the elimination of restrictions on textiles quotas are examined. Since this issue revolves fundamentally around the question of timing, it is most appropriately addressed in a dynamic model. In this study we use the Dynamic GTAP model. This is applied to a 19-region by 22-commodity aggregation of the GTAP database, supplemented with foreign income data. The paper finds that timing is indeed an important determinant of the profile of structural adjustment required in China and the rest of the world. In light of their interest in delayed implementation the ATC, it is interesting to note that our results suggest slower elimination of these quotas is detrimental to national welfare in North America and Europe.
DNA phosphorothioation is widespread and quantized in bacterial genomes

Phosphorothioate (PT) modification of DNA, with sulfur replacing a nonbridging phosphate oxygen, was recently discovered as a product of the dnd genes found in bacteria and archaea. Given our limited understanding of the biological function of PT modifications, including sequence context, genomic frequencies, and relationships to the diversity of dnd gene clusters, we undertook a quantitative study of PT modifications in prokaryotic genomes using a liquid chromatography-coupled tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry approach. The results revealed a diversity of unique PT sequence contexts and three discrete genomic frequencies in a wide range of bacteria. Metagenomic analyses of PT modifications revealed unique ecological distributions, and a phylogenetic comparison of dnd genes and PT sequence contexts strongly supports the horizontal transfer of dnd genes. These results are consistent with the involvement of PT modifications in a type of restriction-modification system with wide distribution in prokaryotes.
Effect of weight-bearing on healing of cortical defects in the canine tibia.

UNLABELLED It has been generally accepted that mechanical stimulation is an important factor in the promotion of formation of bone. Fracture-healing consists of periosteal bridging of the fracture, which achieves stability, and proliferation of endosteal bone to fill the defects between the ends of the bone. To evaluate the effect of weight-bearing on bone-healing, an operatively created defect in the tibial cortex was chosen as an experimental model. In one set of dogs (Group 1), a bilateral defect in the tibial cortex was created and weight-bearing was permitted on one tibia but not on the opposite one. In Group 2, a bilateral defect in the tibial cortex was made and weight-bearing was allowed on both tibiae. A third group of dogs of similar age (Group 3) had no tibial defects. Quantitative histomorphometry was used to measure formation and porosity of bone. Weight-bearing was measured with both static and dynamic techniques. Significantly less woven bone formed in the defects in the non-weight-bearing tibiae than in the weight-bearing tibiae. This appeared to be due to a disuse response in the underloaded tibiae, in which less bone formed, rather than to the formation of more bone in the weight-bearing tibiae. The data suggest that weight-bearing is a permissive factor, not a stimulus, for formation of woven bone in a tibial defect. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This animal model supports the concept that lack of weight-bearing decreases the amount of woven bone that is formed in a healing tibial defect. The results of this study indicate that weight-bearing increases the formation of bone in fracture-healing. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
When Does the Market Matter? Stock Prices and the Investment of Equity-Dependent Firms

We use a simple model of corporate investment to determine when investment will be sensitive to non-fundamental movements in stock prices. The key cross-sectional prediction of the model is that stock prices will have a stronger impact on the investment of firms that are 'equity dependent' - firms that need external equity to finance their marginal investments. Using an index of equity dependence based on the work of Kaplan and Zingales (1997), we find strong support for this prediction. In particular, firms that rank in the top quintile of the KZ index have investment that is almost three times as sensitive to stock prices as firms in the bottom quintile. We also verify several other predictions of the model.
The earliest history of the deuterostomes: the importance of the Chengjiang Fossil-Lagerstätte

While the broad framework of deuterostome evolution is now clear, the remarkable diversity of extant forms within this group has rendered the nature of the ancestral types problematic: what, for example, does the common ancestor of a sea urchin and lamprey actually look like? The answer to such questions can be addressed on the basis of remarkably well-preserved fossils from Cambrian Lagerstätten, not least the celebrated Chengjiang Lagerstätte (Yunnan, China). This deposit is particularly important because of its rich diversity of deuterostomes. These include some of the earliest known representatives, among which are the first vertebrates, as well as more enigmatic groups, notably the vetulicolians and yunnanozoans. The latter groups, in particular, have been the subject of some radical divergences in opinion as to their exact phylogenetic placements. Here, we both review the known diversity of Chengjiang deuterostomes and in particular argue that the vetulicolians and yunnanozoans represent very primitive deuterostomes. Moreover, in the latter case we present new data to indicate that the yunnanozoans are unlikely to be any sort of chordate.
Transcriptome Profiling of Leaf Elongation Zone under Drought in Contrasting Rice Cultivars

Inhibition of leaf elongation and expansion is one of the earliest responses of rice to water deficit. Despite this sensitivity, a great deal of genetic variation exists in the extant of leaf elongation rate (LER) reduction in response to declining soil moisture. We analyzed global gene expression in the leaf elongation zone under drought in two rice cultivars with disparate LER sensitivities to water stress. We found little overlap in gene regulation between the two varieties under moderate drought; however, the transcriptional response to severe drought was more conserved. In response to moderate drought, we found several genes related to secondary cell wall deposition that were down regulated in Moroberekan, an LER tolerant variety, but up-regulated in LER sensitive variety IR64.
Indexing the graded allocation of visuospatial attention using anticipatory alpha oscillations

Lateralization in the desynchronization of anticipatory occipitoparietal alpha (8–12 Hz) oscillations has been implicated in the allocation of selective visuospatial attention. Previous studies have demonstrated that small changes in the lateralization of alpha-band activity are predictive of behavioral performance but have not directly investigated how flexibly alpha lateralization is linked to top-down attentional goals. To address this question, we presented participants with cues providing varying degrees of spatial certainty about the location at which a target would appear. Time-frequency analysis of EEG data demonstrated that manipulating spatial certainty led to graded changes in the extent to which alpha oscillations were lateralized over the occipitoparietal cortex during the cue-target interval. We found that individual differences in alpha desynchronization contralateral to attention predicted reaction times, event-related potential measures of perceptual processing of targets, and beta-band (15–25 Hz) activity typically associated with response preparation. These results support the hypothesis that anticipatory alpha modulation is a plausible neural mechanism underlying the allocation of visuospatial attention and is under flexible top-down control.