Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of Etravirine Combined with Atazanavir/Ritonavir and a Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor in Antiretroviral Treatment-Experienced, HIV-1-Infected Patients

Objectives. TEACH (NCT00896051) was a randomized, open-label, two-arm Phase II trial to investigate the pharmacokinetic interaction between etravirine and atazanavir/ritonavir and safety and efficacy in treatment-experienced, HIV-1-infected patients. Methods. After a two-week lead-in of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and atazanavir/ritonavir 300/100 mg, 44 patients received etravirine 200 mg bid with one NRTI, plus atazanavir/ritonavir 300/100 mg or 400/100 mg qd (n = 22 each group) over 48 weeks. Results. At steady-state etravirine with atazanavir/ritonavir 300/100 mg qd or 400/100 mg qd decreased atazanavir C min⁡ by 18% and 9%, respectively, with no change in AUC24 h or C max⁡ versus atazanavir/ritonavir 300/100 mg qd alone (Day −1). Etravirine AUC12 h was 24% higher and 16% lower with atazanavir/ritonavir 300/100 or 400/100 mg qd, respectively, versus historical controls. At Week 48, no significant differences were seen between the atazanavir/ritonavir groups in discontinuations due to adverse events (9.1% each group) and other safety parameters, the proportion of patients with viral load <50 copies/mL (intent-to-treat population, noncompleter = failure) (50.0%, atazanavir/ritonavir 300/100 mg qd versus 45.5%, 400/100 mg qd), and virologic failures (31.8% versus 27.3%, resp.). Conclusions. Etravirine 200 mg bid can be combined with atazanavir/ritonavir 300/100 mg qd and an NRTI in HIV-1-infected, treatment-experienced patients without dose adjustment.
Basic Study of Fabricating High Sensitive Strain Sensor Using Magnetostrictive Thin Film on Si Wafer

We tried to fabricate a strain sensor element using magnetostrictive film on a Si wafer for realizing microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) applications. The principle of the sensor is based on the inverse-magnetostriction effect. In our previous study, the same sensor element on thin conventional glass substrate exhibited ultrahigh sensitivity as a strain sensor due to well-induced uniaxial magnetic anisotropy to the width direction of rectangular FeSiB layers. The uniaxial anisotropy was realized by residual stress among FeSiB, molybdenum as conductive layer, and the substrate after field annealing. However, contrary to the previous results, in this paper, by utilizing Si wafer for the substrate, it was found that uniaxial anisotropy of the rectangular FeSiB layer was induced to the longitudinal direction. The reason of the result was due to the large difference of the coefficient of thermal expansion between the thin glass substrate and Si wafer. Therefore, rotation of magnetic moment of the FeSiB layer from the longitudinal direction to the width direction by applying compressive stress was observed by magnetic Kerr effect microscopy. The results indicate that the sensor element on the Si wafer will have suitable properties as MEMS-type strain sensor.
Experiencing organ donation: feelings of relatives after consent1

Objective: to identify experiences and feelings on the organ donation process, from the perspective of a relative of an organ donor in a transplant unit. Method: this was exploratory research using a qualitative approach, performed with seven family members of different organ donors, selected by a lottery. Sociodemographic data and the experiences regarding the donation process were collected through semi-structured interviews. The language material was transcribed and submitted to content analysis. Results: poor sensitivity of the medical staff communicating the relative's brain death - the potential donor - and the lack of socio-emotional support prior to the situation experienced by the family was highlighted by participants. Conclusions: the study identified the need to provide social-emotional support for families facing the experience of the organ donation process. From these findings, other care and management practices in health must be discussed to impact the strengthening of the family ties, post-donation, as well as the organ procurement indexes.
A novel mutation in KCNA1 causes episodic ataxia without myokymia

We describe a unique family in which several individual are affected with episodes of ataxia that best fit the phenotype of episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2). All of the affected family members had episodes typically lasting for several hours, and none of them had muscle abnormalities including myokymia. Episodic ataxia type 1 (EA1) was not considered initially as a clinical diagnosis for the affected individuals in this family. However, by linkage mapping, sequencing and polymorphism analysis, all affecteds were found to have a novel mutation in KCNA1. Numerous missense mutations have been described previously in KCNA1 that cause EA1. The mutation c.1025G>T replaces a highly conserved serine with isoleucine at position 342 (p.Ser342Ile) in the highly conserved fifth transmembrane domain of the KCNA1. This mutation leads to a distinct clinical phenotype without myokymia broadening the scope of clinical characteristics of EA1 and highlighting the heterogeneity of phenotypic effects from distinct missense mutations. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF ERGODIC SCHRÖDINGER OPERATORS: A SURVEY OF KOTANI THEORY AND ITS APPLICATIONS

The absolutely continuous spectrum of an ergodic family of onedimensional Schrödinger operators is completely determined by the Lyapunov exponent as shown by Ishii, Kotani and Pastur. Moreover, the part of the theory developed by Kotani gives powerful tools for proving the absence of absolutely continuous spectrum, the presence of absolutely continuous spectrum, and even the presence of purely absolutely continuous spectrum. We review these results and their recent applications to a number of problems: the absence of absolutely continuous spectrum for rough potentials, the absence of absolutely continuous spectrum for potentials defined by the doubling map on the circle, and the absence of singular spectrum for the subcritical almost Mathieu operator.
1 Anatomical Network Analysis : Introducing to the AAA and the anatomical community a powerful new method to quantify musculoskeletal modularity , integration , complexity and evolvability

1. PROPOSAL ABSTRACT Defining the mechanisms of development, function, and evolution in a comprehensive, body-wide sense has been a persistent challenge for anatomists. For instance, how do various anatomical parts (modules) of the vertebrate body develop and evolve cohesively (integration) without risking the individual's survival? This question is vital not only for basic science but also for contemporary cross-disciplinary work that weaves together anatomical insights from biological anthropology, human evolution, developmental biology, and medical applications. Answering this question will require overcoming technical obstacles to measuring and integrating vast amounts of anatomical data from different body parts, tissue types, and taxa. We need a novel powerful, quantitative, accessible approach to investigate and compare anatomical integration and modularity. Anatomical Network Analysis (AnNA) offers a full conceptual framework and methodology to explore broad, ambitious questions about anatomical modularity, integration, complexity and evolvability towards clarifying the macroevolutionary, developmental and medical implications of anatomical variation and birth defects. AnNA is uniquely suited to meet this challenge because it codes connectivity patterns (e.g. bone-bone, bone-muscle, muscle-muscle contacts) as the nodes and links of network models by using tools and statistics borrowed from network theory, which, surprisingly, has not been explored in the field of anatomy. AnNA is powerful because, unlike other methods used to study integration/modularity, it enables direct comparisons between different tissue types and body parts with vastly different architectures (e.g. head/limbs), and between and among both closely and distantly related animal groups. This project will generate exceptional new insights by teaching AAA members and the anatomical community in general how to apply AnNA to their research. By promoting the use by anatomists and scientists in general of an innovative technique with a high potential impact for biological and biomedical research, AAA will reinforce its place as the main source for information about the field of anatomy. Through AnNA, anatomy is cross-linked with other fields (e.g. theoretical biology, mathematics, bioinformatics, biomedicine) to open fresh avenues of investigation that will have a high impact on research within these fields and areas such as evolutionary and developmental biology and medicine.
Disruption of Ah Receptor Signaling during Mouse Development Leads to Abnormal Cardiac Structure and Function in the Adult

The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) Theory proposes that the environment encountered during fetal life and infancy permanently shapes tissue physiology and homeostasis such that damage resulting from maternal stress, poor nutrition or exposure to environmental agents may be at the heart of adult onset disease. Interference with endogenous developmental functions of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), either by gene ablation or by exposure in utero to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a potent AHR ligand, causes structural, molecular and functional cardiac abnormalities and altered heart physiology in mouse embryos. To test if embryonic effects progress into an adult phenotype, we investigated whether Ahr ablation or TCDD exposure in utero resulted in cardiac abnormalities in adult mice long after removal of the agent. Ten-months old adult Ahr -/- and in utero TCDD-exposed Ahr +/+ mice showed sexually dimorphic abnormal cardiovascular phenotypes characterized by echocardiographic findings of hypertrophy, ventricular dilation and increased heart weight, resting heart rate and systolic and mean blood pressure, and decreased exercise tolerance. Underlying these effects, genes in signaling networks related to cardiac hypertrophy and mitochondrial function were differentially expressed. Cardiac dysfunction in mouse embryos resulting from AHR signaling disruption seems to progress into abnormal cardiac structure and function that predispose adults to cardiac disease, but while embryonic dysfunction is equally robust in males and females, the adult abnormalities are more prevalent in females, with the highest severity in Ahr -/- females. The findings reported here underscore the conclusion that AHR signaling in the developing heart is one potential target of environmental factors associated with cardiovascular disease.
Which Boolean Functions Maximize Mutual Information on Noisy Inputs?

We pose a simply stated conjecture regarding the maximum mutual information a Boolean function can reveal about noisy inputs. Specifically, let X<sup>n</sup> be independent identically distributed Bernoulli(1/2), and let Yn be the result of passing X<sup>n</sup> through a memoryless binary symmetric channel with crossover probability α. For any Boolean function b : {0, 1}<sup>n</sup> → {0, 1}, we conjecture that I(b(X<sup>n</sup>); Y<sup>n</sup>) ≤ 1 - H(α). While the conjecture remains open, we provide substantial evidence supporting its validity. Connections are also made to discrete isoperimetric inequalities.
Causal Analysis of the ACAS/TCAS Sociotechnical System

Sociotechnical systems are those which rely not only on technology but on humans and social organisation for their adequate functioning. The analysis of sociotechnical systems poses the particular challenge of synthesising methods appropriate to formerly separate scientific disciplines. One result is that prominent features of the systems are often missed during analysis. This paper points to some features of the ACAS/TCAS transport aircraft collision avoidance system which I believe could do with much closer scrutiny.
Peptide-specific T cell clonal expansion in vivo following immunization in the eye, an immune-privileged site.

To visualize the primary antigen-specific T cell response to Ag introduced into the eye, we have used an adoptive transfer system in which a limiting number of OVA peptide (323-339)-specific T cells from a TCR-transgenic mouse were transferred into nonirradiated, syngeneic recipients and then tracked in vivo by staining for FACS analysis or immunohistochemistry with the clonotypic mAb KJ1-26. Following posterior chamber injection of Ag, KJ1-26+ cells accumulated primarily in the draining, submandibular lymph node (LN) within 3 days. Although reduced in number, by day 6 these cells were primarily in the paracortical regions and were able to proliferate and secrete IL-2 in response to Ag stimulation. In contrast, following i.v. injection of Ag, the KJ1-26+ cells accumulated in the paracortical regions of the LN to a comparable degree, but did not proliferate or secrete IL-2. The day 3 accumulation of KJ1-26+ cells in the submandibular LN was inhibited if the eye was removed within 5 h after injection of Ag. In the spleen, foci of KJ1-26+ cells were observed in the periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths at day 3; these were not observed to the same degree following other forms of immunization. These results demonstrate that the submandibular LN is the primary site for early clonal expansion of antigen-specific T cells following intraocular Ag administration and that these cells show changes consistent with immunity rather than tolerance.
Anxiety and depression in mothers related to severe malformation of the heart of the child and foetus

The aim of the study was to assess levels of anxiety and depression in three groups: pregnant mothers referred to foetal cardiology, subdivided into those with a confirmed diagnosis and those for which no abnormality was detected, and mothers who had a child with a heart malformation. Psychological status was measured between 6 and 10 months after diagnosis using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale in 108 females. Levels of anxiety were higher in the two groups with a confirmed diagnosis in the antenatal period or after birth (62%) than in those who were screened positively but in whom no abnormality was found (30%) (p= 0:0055). Anxiety was the highest in young females who had a foetus with a heart malformation. Depression scores were higher in those who had a child with heart malformation (18%) than in the other two groups (5%). Mothers who terminated a pregnancy after diagnosis remained depressed long after the event. Younger mothers may be especially vulnerable to mood problems associated with a traumatic obstetric experience.
Rapid Desensitization of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor that Facilitates Glutamate Release in Rat Cerebrocortical Nerve Terminals

The metabotropic autoreceptor of glutamatergic nerve terminals from the cerebral cortex of adult rats has been characterized. Receptor activation involves a rapid and transient increase in diacylglycerol, which is sensitive to l‐2‐amino‐3‐phosphonopropionate (l‐AP3) and l‐2‐amino‐4‐phosphonobutanoic acid (l‐AP4) and is partially blocked by pertussis toxin. Protein kinase C (PKC) has a negative feedback control in this transduction pathway because the activation of the kinase, either by phorbol esters or by the endogenous diacylglycerol produced by the receptor, results in a reversible receptor desensitization, with loss of the ability to further facilitate glutamate release. It is concluded that the facilitatory metabotropic receptor located at the glutamatergic nerve endings belongs to the subclass coupled to phosphoinositide hydrolysis and that the rapid and use‐dependent desensitization of the facilitatory pathway may underlie a mechanism to prevent its permanent activation and thereby to avoid neurotoxicity.
Coinfection with Rickettsia helvetica and Herpes Simplex Virus 2 in a Young Woman with Meningoencephalitis

Herpes virus type 2 DNA was detected by PCR in the cerebrospinal fluid in a young woman presenting with headache, stiff neck and pleocytosis, and serological findings consistent with reactivation. Since she was exposed to ticks, Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis were excluded. Further investigation in an ongoing project, using PCR and sequencing of the amplified products, showed the presence of Rickettsia helvetica in the cerebrospinal fluid. The bacteria were also isolated in Vero cell culture, and microimmunofluorescence confirmed the development of antibodies against Rickettsia spp. with predominance of IgM reactivity consistent with recent infection. She was treated with antibiotics and improved rapidly. The patient could easily have been judged to have isolated herpes meningitis. Because Sweden and other European countries are endemic areas for rickettsioses, the paper reaffirms the importance of investigating for the presence of rickettsial infections in endemic areas in cases of meningitis of uncertain aetiology.
An Integral Approach to Evaluating Outcome Evaluation Training

Public and private nonprofit organizations are increasing training efforts to build individual and organizational capacity to carry out and utilize outcome evaluation. Evaluators of training are challenged to find comprehensive evaluative frameworks. Traditional training evaluation tend to focus individual change, while organization-focused efforts tend to incorporate individual change as a necessary sub-component of the larger entity’s change. Neither approach adequately incorporates a developmental context within the evaluative framework. This article presents an integral, developmental approach that links individual and collective attributes. The use of the framework is illustrated with examples from Check Points, an outcome evaluation training program of Michigan State University and United Way of Michigan. The article concludes with suggestions for improving training and evaluative efforts.
Assessment of vestibulocochlear organ function in patients meeting radiologic criteria of vascular compression syndrome of vestibulocochlear nerve – diagnosis of disabling positional vertigo

Summary Background This study sought to assess the vestibulocochlear organ in patients meeting radiologic criteria of vascular compression syndrome (VCS) of the eighth cranial nerve. Material/Methods The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 34 patients (18 women, 16 men; mean age, 49 years) treated in between 2000 and 2007, with VCS of the eighth cranial nerve by MRI. Contrasted magnetic resonance imaging identified an anterior inferior cerebellar artery vascular loop adhering to the vestibule-cochlear nerve in all 34 cases. All patients were given pure tone audiometry, distortion product otoacoustic emissions, auditory brainstem response, and electroneurographic examinations. Results Most-common symptoms were unilateral hearing loss (82%), unilateral tinnitus (80%), and dizziness (74%). Most-frequent abnormalities in performed examinations were specific auditory brainstem response changes (interpreted according to Möller’s criteria) in 86% of cases and sensorineural hearing loss in pure tone audiometry (82%). Abnormal changes in electronystagmography were found in the absence (12%) or weakness (35%) of a caloric response. No patients were surgically treated. Conclusions Significantly, there is no more weakness or absence of the caloric response of a vestibular organ in a patient with vascular compression of the vestibulocochlear nerve. Despite an absence of electrophysiologic testing of vestibular organ dysfunction, most examined patients (meeting the radiologic criteria of VCS of the eighth cranial nerve) had subjective symptoms like vertigo and dizziness. Disabling positional vertigo should be considered in the differential diagnosis of vertigo when accompanied by tinnitus or deafness.
Electrospun dendritic ZnO nanofibers and its photocatalysis application

A simple and efficient procedure has been developed to fabricate ZnO nanofibers with dendritic structure via electrospinning and subsequent calcination. The spinning solution is prepared by mixing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and zinc acetate into methanol. From SEM images, it can be observed that the ZnO product has a tendency of dendritic structure. The diameter of the dendritic branch is ∼137 nm. The structure and physicochemical property of the prepared nanofibers are elucidated by TGA, SEM, XRD, FTIR, and PL, respectively. The photoluminescene measurement of the ZnO samples exhibit a broad visible emission band concentrate on around 430–580 nm. Meanwhile, the intensity is related to the content of surface oxygen vacancies, which probably influence photocatalytic activity of ZnO samples. Whereafter, the photocatalytical activity of the ZnO nanofibers is evaluated by quantifying the degradation of methyl blue. The result indicates that ZnO nanofibers annealed at 650°C show an excellent photocatalytic activity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41627.
Electrical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Based Fibers and Their Future Use in Electrical Wiring

The production of continuous fibers made purely of carbon nanotubes has paved the way for new macro‐scale applications which utilize the superior properties of individual carbon nanotubes. These wire‐like macroscopic assemblies of carbon nanotubes were recognized to have a potential to be used in electrical wiring. Carbon nanotube wiring may be extremely light and mechanically stronger and more efficient in transferring high frequency signals than any conventional conducting material, being cost‐effective simultaneously. However, transfer of the unique properties of individual CNTs to the macro‐scale proves to be quite challenging. This Feature Article gives an overview of the potential of using carbon nanotube fibers as next generation wiring, state of the art developments in this field, and goals to be achieved before carbon nanotubes may be transformed into competitive products.