Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Gender Heuristic and the Database: Factors Affecting the Perception of Gender-Related Differences in the Experience and Display of Emotions

Two studies investigated the conditions under which people use gender stereotypes about emotion to make judgments about the emotions of self and others. Participants in Study 1 either played or watched a competitive word game (actual game conditions), or imagined themselves playing or watching the same game (hypothetical condition). Participants actually involved in the game made emotion judgments either immediately after the game (online condition) or after a time delay (delayed condition). Both in terms of self-reports of emotional experience and perceptions of the emotional displays of others, gender-related stereotypes had a significant influence on judgments of participants in the hypothetical condition but had no significant influence on online judgments. Furthermore, participants rating their own emotional experiences (after a 1-week delay) exhibited responses consistent with gender stereotypes, whereas participants rating the emotional displays of others (after a 1-day delay) did not show a gender.
Evaluating sport events at European level: the Euro 2004

In this paper, we estimate the willingness to pay for a sporting event: the Euro 2004 Soccer Championships that will take place in Portugal in June/July 2004. The estimation is carried out by means of a Tobit regression model. We conclude that there is a small proportion of the population who are prepared to pay for the event, with a declared small amount. The WTP is positively related to the number of times that the individual attends a soccer game during the season and to the education level of the respondent. The WTP is negatively related to the household income, to the declaration that the individual is a fan of the soccer team and to the perception that the event is prestigious for the country. The results give rise to the conclusion that the Euro 2004 is not a Pareto improvement of the public good, since the aggregated willingness-to-pay is lower than the estimated total costs.
Genotyping of Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia in Italian AIDS Patients: Clinical Outcome Is Influenced by Dihydropteroate Synthase and Not by Internal Transcribed Spacer Genotype

Background:Two Pneumocystis jiroveci independent genomic regions, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and ITS2, and dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene have been used for typing a cohort of HIV-infected Italian patients with P. jiroveci pneumonia (PcP). Methods:Bronchoalveolar lavage samples isolated from 207 HIV-infected adults were ITS and DHPS genotyped by DNA sequencing and by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, respectively. Mutant DHPS samples were cloned and ITS typed. Data on severity, treatment, and outcome of PcP were obtained by chart review. Results:High diversity with 46 different ITS genotypes was observed. At the DHPS locus, 9.1% of samples analyzed were found to be mutated. A correlation was observed between DHPS mutants and greater severity of PcP, as defined by higher lactate dehydrogenase (P = 0.015) and need for intubation (P = 0.002), and worse outcomes, as defined by failure of sulfa treatment (P = 0.04), death, and/or relapse of PcP (P = 0.008). There was a significant difference in ITS genotype patterns between DHPS wild-type and mutants (P = 0.028). Conclusions:The present data suggest the absence of a correlation between P. jiroveci ITS types and specific clinical characteristics. DHPS mutations correlate with possible failure of anti-P. jiroveci sulfa therapy, and a trend of association is shown between DHPS mutations and some clinical PcP features.
Capital, agency, family and the Diaspora: an exploration of boys’ aspirations towards higher education in urban Jamaica

The paper discusses factors impacting on boys’ educational aspirations at two case-study schools in urban Jamaica. It focuses on boys’ experience of their educational environment in relation to social, cultural and economic factors, which shapes the nature of their aspirations towards higher education. The study utilised Bourdieu’s notion of ‘capital’ grounded in a critical realist meta-theoretical framework, the narratives of the participants and the researcher’s experiential understanding as a participant observer to explore boys’ aspirations over a 12-month period. The findings from the study suggested that boys’ educational aspirations are complex and affected by their level of capital in relation to persistent narratives from family and the Jamaican Diaspora within high-income countries like the UK, the USA and Canada.
Exploring halaqah as research method: a tentative approach to developing Islamic research principles within a critical ‘indigenous’ framework

This paper explores a traditional Islamic pedagogy known as halaqah as a potentially useful authentic research method and contributes to discourses about critical and indigenous research methodologies through an analysis of Islamization of Knowledge and other ‘critical indigenous’ movements amongst Muslims. Islamic research principles are tentatively proposed and then used to assess the effectiveness of halaqah as an authentic Islamic research method through analysis of a small qualitative study. The study involved Muslim mother-teachers participating in halaqah to collaboratively reflect on their work as holistic Islamic educators who are developing a ‘critical indigenous’ education to meet the needs of Muslim children in contemporary Britain. This paper argues that halaqah is a more authentic research method in this study than a group interview or focus group as it enabled participants to articulate themselves within their own epistemological and ontological context and engage in critical reflection within an Islamic paradigm.
Toward a Political Model of Incarceration: A Time-Series Examination of Multiple Explanations for Prison Admission Rates

This study examines yearly shifts in prison admissions since 1950. The effects of political and economic determinants are investigated with measures of economic inequality, political variables, and unemployment. The delayed effects of broken families are measured with a lagged moving average of out-of-wedlock births. The findings show that inequality due to the presence of the rich and past out-of-wedlock birth rates matter, but unemployment is not related to prison admissions. The strength of the Republican Party and a presidential election year dummy also explain shifts in incarcerations. The results suggest that earlier work omitted theoretically important explanations.
Correlates of aggressive and delinquent conduct problems in adolescence

The primary purpose of the study was to test a hypothetical model for aggressive and delinquent conduct problems in adolescence. A total of 168 adolescents from 121 families were studied using several questionnaires and a semi-structured interview. The following factors were considered: obstetric complications temperament (novelty-seeking), self-esteem, family influences (perceived parenting, alcohol abuse/dependence of parents, antisocial personality disorder of the father) and peer-group characteristics (peer rejection and membership in a deviant peer group). The evaluation methods applied included correlation analyses and testing of two hypothetical models using structural equation modeling. The correlation analyses revealed significant relationships between adolescent aggressive and delinquent behavioral problems and parental antisocial behavior; perceived parental rejection and low emotional warmth; adolescent novelty-seeking, self-esteem, peer rejection and peer deviance. The two empirical models, separately for aggressive and delinquent behavior problems, revealed direct relationships between paternal antisocial behavior, parental rejection, adolescent novelty seeking, peer deviance, peer rejection, and offspring aggression and delinquency. There were, however, two differences with respect to the relationships between peer rejection, peer deviance, aggression and delinquency. First, peer rejection was more strongly associated with aggressive behavior and only moderately linked to delinquency. Second, deviance in the peer-group was found to be closely related with delinquency but only moderately with aggression. Our findings suggest that several pathways for aggressive and delinquent conduct problems are comparable while others were not. Regarding the findings of the empirical models, we conclude that only intervention measures that include parents, peers and individual adolescents may help decrease the incidence of aggressive and delinquent conduct problems.
GENTAMICIN AND TOBRAMYCIN–AN IN VITRO COMPARISON USING 1400 CLINICAL ISOLATES

Summary The In vitro antimicrobial activities of tobramycin and gentamicin against 1400 bacterial isolates from clinical material were compared. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by an agar dilution technique. Both of these aminoglycoside antibiotics had a similar spectrum of activity, being highly active against most species of aerobic Gram‐negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus. Gentamicin was more active than tobramycin against most species of enterobacteria but tobramycin was more active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a proportion of Klebsiella isolates. For most isolates, the differences in activity between gentamicin and tobramycin were small.
Nonlinear predictive control of steel slab reheating furnace

In a steel plant, reheating furnaces are used for heating the steel slabs to a temperature of approximately 1200degC before rolling. Reheating furnaces consumes a lot of energy in steel plants. For competitive advantage it is important to improve the heating quality of slab and reduce the energy consumption as much as possible. This paper explores the potential of nonlinear model predictive control techniques to improve the temperature control of the metal slabs in a hot mill reheat furnace, and particularly whether or not these control techniques can be exploited to reduce the energy consumption. An example of actual furnace operation is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
The Heun Equation and the Calogero-Moser-Sutherland System III: The Finite-Gap Property and the Monodromy

Abstract A new approach to the finite-gap property for the Heun equation is constructed. The relationship between the finite-dimensional invariant space and the spectral curve is clarified. The monodromies are calculated and are expressed as hyperelliptic integrals. Applications to the spectral problem for the BC 1 Inozemtsev model are obtained.
A Sociological Analysis of an In/Visible Minority Group

This article examines the following areas of 37 Black male adolescent homosexuals' (age range: 16-21) self-identity, family relation, school/work relations, and social adjustment. Information about these areas was collected by using a Likert-type questionnaire that required the respondents to select the answers true or false. A majority of the respondents were comfortable with their sexual identity, although all of them were passing as heterosexuals. A sexual history of the respondents is presented. Even though the respondents understand their sexual minority status, it has not deterred the development of a positive and well-integrated self-perception.
Globalised Cuisine, Non-National Identities and the Individual: Staging Turkishness in Turkish-Speaking Restaurants in London

This study looks at the means through which the image of Turkish cuisine in London is constructed in Turkish-speaking restaurants aiming to appeal to the greatest number of customers as possible. It intends to understand the ways that restaurateurs stage a particular type of Turkishness while trying to manage their businesses. This research entails an analysis of 25 restaurant spaces, their exterior and interior decor, menu and food, and 16 semi-structured in-depth interviews with restaurateurs, managers and chefs. In this article, I argue that Turkish cuisine is defined not necessarily by turning difference into a marketable commodity, but by turning it into a familiar global product. Therefore, an emphasis on ethnicity can be a drawback to business. Turkish-speaking restaurateurs claim business success through a uniform, standard and modern world cuisine. Moreover, restaurateurs' primary identity is mostly constructed through their relations to business as ‘global entrepreneurs’
DNA energy landscapes via calorimetric detection of microstate ensembles of metastable macrostates and triplet repeat diseases

Biopolymers exhibit rough energy landscapes, thereby allowing biological processes to access a broad range of kinetic and thermodynamic states. In contrast to proteins, the energy landscapes of nucleic acids have been the subject of relatively few experimental investigations. In this study, we use calorimetric and spectroscopic observables to detect, resolve, and selectively enrich energetically discrete ensembles of microstates within metastable DNA structures. Our results are consistent with metastable, “native” DNA states being composed of an ensemble of discrete and kinetically stable microstates of differential stabilities, rather than exclusively being a single, discrete thermodynamic species. This conceptual construct is important for understanding the linkage between biopolymer conformational/configurational space and biological function, such as in protein folding, allosteric control of enzyme activity, RNA and DNA folding and function, DNA structure and biological regulation, etc. For the specific DNA sequences and structures studied here, the demonstration of discrete, kinetically stable microstates potentially has biological consequences for understanding the development and onset of DNA expansion and triplet repeat diseases.
The Late‐Time Light Curve of SN 1998bw Associated with GRB 980425

We report 139 photometric observations through the B, V, and I filters of the supernova SN 1998bw, an object which is associated with the gamma‐ray burst GRB 980425. Detailed light curves of this unique supernova can be compared with theoretical models, so we report here our light curve for 123 days between 1998 June 27 and 1998 October 28. The light curve of SN 1998bw is consistent with those of the Type Ic class. We find that the magnitude versus time relation for this supernova is linear to within 0.05 mag in all colors over the entire duration of our study. Our measured uniform decline rates are 0.0141 ± 0.0002, 0.0184 ± 0.0003, and 0.0181 ± 0.0003 mag per day in the B, V, and I bands. The linear decline and the rate of that decline suggest that the late‐time light curve is powered by the radioactive decay of cobalt with some leakage of the gamma rays.
Contextual Effects in Hypothesis Testing: The Role of Competing Alternatives and Epistemic Motivations

Two experiments were executed to study how persons test hypotheses about others. Experiment 1 demonstrated that subjects can be sensitive to contextually presented alternatives to a given hypothesis. Subjects who addressed the hypotheses that an interviewee was an architect or a painter selected different information than did those who addressed the hypotheses that the interviewee was an architect or a computer engineer. In both cases, subjects' informational choices appeared guided by the principle of diagnosticity. Notably, they predominantly selected information whose diagnostic value with respect to the pertinent hypothesis-alternative pair was high rather than low. Experiment 2 demonstrated that subjects' sensitivity to a contextually mentioned alternative (architect) to a given target hypothesis (painter) may be affected by their motivational orientation. Subjects with a high need for openness (as manipulated by high fear of invalidity) and low need for closure were more likely to seek diagnostic in.
A Deaf Child’s Natural Development of Literacy

This case study reports the first investigation of a young deaf child’s experiences with books. It describes six steps in a developmental sequence of seven stages, from simply labeling pictures and signs to reading independently. One of the most interesting aspects of development was the child’s spontaneous analysis of sign drawings in storybooks that illustrate each word with a sign. These sign drawings provided a bridge between signed and spoken discourse and print. Concepts she discovered about books include: stories are to be enjoyed and repeated; they are means both of social interaction and of private satisfaction; characters have styles of speaking and books have narration and dialogue; stories have plots. Concepts about print relate to directionality, letter patterns, and that print, signs, and speech interrelate.
Online learning of varying stiffness through physical human-robot interaction

Programming by Demonstration offers an intuitive framework for teaching robots how to perform various tasks without having to preprogram them. It also offers an intuitive way to provide corrections and refine teaching during task execution. Previously, mostly position constraints have been taken into account when teaching tasks from demonstrations. In this work, we tackle the problem of teaching tasks that require or can benefit from varying stiffness. This extension is not trivial, as the teacher needs to have a way of communicating to the robot what stiffness it should use. We propose a method by which the teacher can modulate the stiffness of the robot in any direction through physical interaction. The system is incremental and works online, so that the teacher can instantly feel how the robot learns from the interaction. We validate the proposed approach on two experiments on a 7-Dof Barrett WAM arm.
Encephalitozoon cuniculi (Microspora) genome: physical map and evidence for telomere-associated rDNA units on all chromosomes.

A restriction map of the 2.8-Mb genome of the unicellular eukaryote Encephalitozoon cuniculi (phylum Microspora), a mammal-infecting intracellular parasite, has been constructed using two restriction enzymes with 6 bp recognition sites (Bss HII and Mlu I). The fragments resulting from either single digestions of the whole molecular karyotype or double digestions of 11 individual chromosomes have been separated by two-dimensional pulsed field gel electrophoresis (2D-PFGE) procedures. The average distance between successive restriction sites is approximately 19 kb. The terminal regions of the chromosomes show a common pattern covering approximately 15 kb and including one 16S-23S rDNA unit. Results of hybridisation and molecular combing experiments indicate a palindromic-like orientation of the two subtelomeric rDNA copies on each chromosome. We have also located 67 DNA markers (clones from a partial E. cuniculi genomic library) by hybridisation to restriction fragments. Partial or complete sequencing has revealed homologies with known protein-coding genes for 32 of these clones. Evidence for two homologous chromosomes III, with a size difference (3 kb) related to a subtelomeric deletion/insertion event, argues for diploidy of E.cuniculi. The physical map should be useful for both the whole genome sequencing project and studies on genome plasticity of this widespread parasite.
Comparative Analisys of Multicast Routing Algorithms for Multimedia Communication over ATM Networks

For a long time, the quality of the distributed multimedia applications was restricted by the limitations of the computer networking technologies. This scenery has changed a lot with the introduction of ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode). Characteristics like quality of service (QoS), support to different categories of traffic (voice, video and data), high scalability, among others, make ATM one of the most appropriate technologies for multiservice networks. Another important characteristic is the support to multicast transmissions. In ATM, the use of multicast communication, as well as the resources’ reservations are specified during the connection establishment phase. In this phase, connection establishment requests are routed among the switches in order to assure the necessary resources for the provision of the required communication services. In this case, the routing task involves aspects like quality of service (QoS), multicast communication, and resources reservation, becoming a complex task with specific characteristics. This paper will analyze in details the multicast routing with QoS restriction, presenting a comparative study about the solutions that has been proposed to deal with this new problem. This study will cover theoretical analyses and simulations of four heuristics: KPP, CSPT, CCET and Hybrid. Parameters related to the order of complexity, cost of the multicast tree, delay, number of switches, execution time and maximum number of simultaneous multicast sessions will be evaluated, analyzed and compared.
Treatment of Recurrent Disc Herniation: A Systematic Review

Intervertebral disc herniation is one of the most common causes of back and extremity pain. The most commonly used surgical treatment is lumbar discectomy. About 0.5-25% go on to develop recurrent disc herniation (rDH) after a successful first discectomy. Currently, there aren’t any guidelines to assist surgeons in determining which approach is most appropriate to treat rDH. A recent survey showed significant heterogeneity among surgeons regarding treatment options for rDH. It remains unclear which methods lead to better outcomes, as there are no comparative studies with a sufficient level of evidence. In this study, we aimed to perform a systematic review to compare treatment options for rDH and determine if one intervention provides better outcomes than the other; more specifically, whether outcome differences exist between discectomy alone and discectomy with fusion. We applied the PICOS (participants, intervention, comparison, outcome, study design) format to develop this systematic review through PubMed. Twenty-seven papers from 1978-2014 met our inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Nine papers reported outcomes after discectomy and seven of them showed good or excellent outcomes (70.60%-89%). Ten papers reported on minimally invasive discectomy. The percent change in visual analog scale (VAS) ranged from -50.77% to -86.57%, indicating an overall pain reduction. Four studies out of the ten reported good or excellent outcomes (81% to 90.2%). Three studies looked at posterolateral fusion. Three studies analyzed posterior lumbar interbody fusion. For one study, we found the VAS percentage change to be -46.02%. All reported good to excellent outcomes. Six studies evaluated the transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. All reported improvement in pain. Four used VAS, and we found the percent change to be -54% to -86.5%. The other two used the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, and we found the percent change to be 68.3% to 93.3%. We did not find enough evidence to support any significant difference in outcomes between discectomy alone and discectomy with fusion. The limitation of our study includes the lack of standardized outcomes reporting in the literature. However, reviewing the selected articles shows that fusion may have a greater improvement in pain compared to reoperation without fusion. Nonetheless, our study shows that further and more in-depth investigation is needed on the of treatment of rDH.