Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Processes controlling the concentration of hydroperoxides at Jungfraujoch Observatory, Switzerland

An automated, ground-based instrument was used to measure gas-phase hydroperoxides at the Jungfraujoch High Altitude Research Station as part of the Free Tro- pospheric EXperiment (FREETEX) during February/March 2003. A nebulising reflux concentrator sampled ambient air twice hourly, prior to on-site analysis by HPLC speciation, coupled with post-column peroxidase derivatisation and flu- orescence detection. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentra- tions reached up to 1330 pptv over the 13-day period with a mean of 183±233 pptv (± one standard deviation). Methyl hydroperoxide (CH3OOH) reached up to 379 pptv with a mean of 51±55 pptv. No other organic hydroperoxides were detected. The lack of an explicit diurnal cycle suggests that hydroperoxide concentrations are chiefly influenced by trans- port processes rather than local photochemistry at this moun- tainous site. There was some evidence that elevated concen- trations of H2O2 existed in air-masses originating from the south-west, suggesting higher concentrations of HOx due to more active photochemistry. Air which had been recently polluted exhibited low H2O2 concentration due to a combi- nation of suppression of HO2 by NOx and deposition. The concentrations of H2O2 sampled here are consistent with pre- vious box modelling studies of hydroperoxides, except in pe- riods influenced by the boundary layer, where agreement re- quired a depositional sink.
MyD88 Shapes Vaccine Immunity by Extrinsically Regulating Survival of CD4+ T Cells during the Contraction Phase

Soaring rates of systemic fungal infections worldwide underscore the need for vaccine prevention. An understanding of the elements that promote vaccine immunity is essential. We previously reported that Th17 cells are required for vaccine immunity to the systemic dimorphic fungi of North America, and that Card9 and MyD88 signaling are required for the development of protective Th17 cells. Herein, we investigated where, when and how MyD88 regulates T cell development. We uncovered a novel mechanism in which MyD88 extrinsically regulates the survival of activated T cells during the contraction phase and in the absence of inflammation, but is dispensable for the expansion and differentiation of the cells. The poor survival of activated T cells in Myd88 -/- mice is linked to increased caspase3-mediated apoptosis, but not to Fas- or Bim-dependent apoptotic pathways, nor to reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic molecules Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL. Moreover, TLR3, 7, and/or 9, but not TLR2 or 4, also were required extrinsically for MyD88-dependent Th17 cell responses and vaccine immunity. Similar MyD88 requirements governed the survival of virus primed T cells. Our data identify unappreciated new requirements for eliciting adaptive immunity and have implications for designing vaccines.
Latitudinal dependence of low cloud amount on cosmic ray induced ionization

A significant correlation between the annual cosmic ray flux and the amount of low clouds has recently been found for the past 20 years. However, of the physical explanations suggested, none has been quantitatively verified in the atmosphere by a combination of modelling and experiment. Here we study the relation between the global distributions of the observed low cloud amount and the calculated tropospheric ionization induced by cosmic rays. We find that the time evolution of the low cloud amount can be decomposed into a long‐term trend and inter‐annual variations, the latter depicting a clear 11‐year cycle. We also find that the relative inter‐annual variability in low cloud amount increases polewards and exhibits a highly significant one‐to‐one relation with inter‐annual variations in the ionization over the latitude range 20–55°S and 10–70°N. This latitudinal dependence gives strong support for the hypothesis that the cosmic ray induced ionization modulates cloud properties.
Des intentions de l’auteur aux usages en classe, première réflexion sur la cohérence des usages d’une ressource

Instrumente par une ressource, un enseignant developpe son propre projet pour la classe. En tant que concepteurs de ressources, nous avons souhaite presenter dans ce texte, un cadre pour l’analyse de la convergence entre les projets des auteurs de ressources et ceux des enseignants utilisant ces ressources. Nous utiliserons les cadres de la genese documentaire et de la structuration des milieux d’une situation didactique pour concevoir un indicateur de cette convergence qui nous permettra de definir le concept de coherence de l’usage d’une ressource ; une ingenierie didactique a ete construite sur une methode d’etude des ecarts entre les intentions des auteurs de la ressource et les realisations de l’enseignant. Nous rendons ensuite compte de la mise a l’epreuve de cette methode dans le cadre d’une experimentation qui questionne tous les niveaux de la situation didactique consideree. L’analyse fait apparaitre des elements qui montrent l’utilisabilite de ce concept de coherence et son usage possible dans des champs plus vastes.
Relation between Myers Briggs Psychological Types and Stress among University Students

It was hypothesized that there is no significant relation between the Myers Briggs psychological types and stress among university students. Hence, correlation design was made to see the relationship of Myers Briggs psychological types: Extrovert-introvert, sensing-intuition, thinking-feeling, judging-perceiving and stress on 120 university students in the age range of 20-26 years. The sample consisted of randomly selected 60 male and 60 female university students of arts, science, commerce and education faculties. Out of the sample of 120, 80 were under graduate or graduate and 40 were post graduates. Psychological types were measured by Myers Briggs Type Indicator Scale by Myers and Briggs. Stress was measured by ICMR Psychosocial Stressor Questionnaire by Srivastav. Coefficient of correlation for psychological types (extrovert-introvert, sensing-intuition, thinkingfeeling, and judging-perceiving) and stress scores indicated no significant relationship. Multiple regression analysis shows that highest contribution was of thinking psychological type (b value is 1.053) in the determination of stress and second highest contribution was of judging psychological type (b value is ? 0.925) in the determination of stress. Introvert and intuition psychological type has negligible contribution in the determination of stress.
Effective Strong Dimension with Applications to Information and Complexity

The two most important notions of fractal dimension are Hausdorff dimension, developed by Hausdorff (1919), and packing dimension, developed by Tricot (1982). Both dimensions have the mathematical advantage of being defined from measures, and both have yielded extensive applications in fractal geometry and dynamical systems. Lutz (2000) has recently proven a simple characterization of Hausdorff dimension in terms of gales, which are betting strategies that generalize martingales. Imposing various computability and complexity constraints on these gales produces a spectrum of effective versions of Hausdorff dimension, including constructive, computable, polynomial-space, polynomial-time, and finitestate dimensions. Work by several investigators has already used these effective dimensions to shed significant new light on a variety of topics in theoretical computer science. In this paper we show that packing dimension can also be characterized in terms of gales. Moreover, even though the usual definition of packing dimension is considerably more complex than that of Hausdorff dimension, our gale characterization of packing dimension is an exact dual of – and every bit as simple as – the gale characterization of Hausdorff dimension. Effectivizing our gale characterization of packing dimension produces a variety of effective strong dimensions, which are exact duals of the effective dimensions mentioned above. In general (and in analogy with the classical fractal dimensions), the effective strong dimension of a set or sequence is at least as great as its effective dimension, with equality for sets or sequences that are sufficiently regular. We develop the basic properties of effective strong dimensions and prove a number of results relating them to fundamental aspects of randomness, Kolmogorov complexity, prediction, Boolean circuit-size complexity, polynomial-time degrees, and data compression. Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA. jhitchco@cs.iastate. edu. This research was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant 9988483. Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA. lutz@cs.iastate. edu. This research was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant 9988483. Departamento de Informática e Ingenieŕıa de Sistemas, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50015 Zaragoza, SPAIN. elvira@posta.unizar. es. This research was supported in part by Spanish Government MEC project PB98-0937C04-02 and by National Science Foundation Grant 9988483. It was done while visiting Iowa State University.
The Measurement of Inequality of Opportunity: Theory and an Application to Latin America

What part of the inequality observed in a particular country is due to unequal opportunities, rather than to differences in individual efforts or luck? This paper estimates a lower bound for the opportunity share of inequality in labor earnings, household income per capita and household consumption per capita in six Latin American countries. Following John Roemer, the authors associate inequality of opportunity with outcome differences that can be accounted for by morally irrelevant pre-determined circumstances, such as race, gender, place of birth, and family background. Thus defined, unequal opportunities account for between 24 and 50 percent of inequality in consumption expenditure in the sample. Brazil and Central America are more opportunity-unequal than Colombia, Ecuador, or Peru. "Opportunity profiles,"which identify the social groups with the most limited opportunity sets, are shown to be distinct from poverty profiles: ethnic origin and the geography of birth are markedly more important as determinants of opportunity deprivation than of outcome poverty, particularly in Brazil, Guatemala, and Peru.
European Conference on Information Systems ( ECIS ) Summer 10-6-2011 CHANGING SYSTEMS TO MATCH THEIR USERS ’ NEEDS : UNDERSTANDING THE REALIZATION OF UTILITARIAN VALUE FROM EMPLOYEE PORTAL USE

Employee portals are systems that provide employees with the timely and relevant information that they need to perform their duties and to make efficient business decisions. Although their use is widespread, the question on how benefits of these portals are materialized for their users has not been fully answered yet. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to gain a better understanding of the utilitarian value of employee portals for individual users. Therefore, we develop a second-order hierarchical conceptual model whose core structure is founded on the theoretical behavioral science concepts embedded in the diffusion of innovations theory, theory of planned behavior, and the research stream of engineering psychology. We empirically test the model by means of component-based structural equation modeling. For this, we collected 5,783 employees' responses in a survey of 19 companies. Our results indicate that amongst the theorized factors, the quality of support provided to users is the most important factor that affects employee portal related performance gains. Furthermore, collaborative functionalities of an employee portal acts as a critical mediator that channels benefits arising as a result of efficient support and ergonomic employee portal design towards increasing goal oriented breadth of employee portal usage. Finally, we find that with increasing knowledge-intensity of employee tasks, ergonomicity of an employee portal and breadth of use has a stronger effect on performance gains.
Learning Mindsets in the Secondary Classroom: Implications for Instruction and Professional Development

This exploratory inquiry utilizes survey research to investigate teacher perceptions about learning mindsets in the classroom. The literature indicates that creating a learning culture that produces student motivation leads to sustained effort and increased achievement (Dweck, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010; Resnick, 1985, 2000; Robertson-Kraft, & Duckworth, 2013; Shechtman, DeBarger, Dornsife, Rosier, & Yarnall, 2013; Tough, 2013). Dweck (2006) refers to this learning mindset as a growth mindset meaning the individual believes his or her intelligence can increase with effort. The opposite would be a fixed mindset which creates a lack of motivation because the individual believes his or her intelligence is static (Dweck, 2006). This inquiry investigated how teachers perceive learning mindsets and operationalize these perceptions in their classroom practices. Additionally, this inquiry investigates the professional development teachers have received and wish to receive related to learning mindsets in the classroom. The survey utilized in this inquiry was adapted from a survey created and used by Education Week in a national study conducted in May of 2016 (Education Week Research Center, 2016). This study has a collaborative aspect as a fellow doctoral student at the University of Pittsburgh conducted her inquiry with elementary teachers using the same survey instrument used in this inquiry. The survey was divided into three sections: classroom practices, teacher perceptions, and professional development. Data from all three studies were analyzed and compared in this inquiry. Findings indicate that teachers have a strong understanding of factors that contribute to student growth mindset. Teachers also believe they are good at fostering a growth mindset, but they don’t have as much confidence that their colleagues are proficient at fostering a growth mindset in students. Although teachers appear to have a strong grasp of how to foster a growth mindset in students, areas are identified in which teachers lack an understanding of how a growth mindset connects to and impacts achievement. These findings lead to the conclusion that additional and deeper professional development is necessary for teachers to fully understand the benefits and impact of fostering a growth mindset in students.
Longitudinal Contributions of Phonemic Awareness to Reading Greek Beyond Estimation of Verbal Ability and Morphological Awareness

ABSTRACT This longitudinal study considers the contributions of language awareness to children’s learning to read and spell. The aim of the study was to examine whether the connection between phonemic awareness and literacy in Greek is constant over time even when appropriate controls are taken into account. I examined this hypothesis with Greek Cypriot children (N = 404) ages 6 to 10. Results showed that after an interval of 8 months and even after I controlled for the estimation of verbal ability and morphological awareness, phonemic awareness predicted children’s performance in reading. Phonemic awareness predicted spelling only after I controlled for the estimation of verbal ability. In terms of the need to establish more general theories about phonemic awareness and literacy, this study contributes the long-term relation between phonemic awareness and literacy in Greek. In practice, this study contributes valid measures for assessing phonemic and morphological awareness in Greek.
Risk and Temptation: A Meta�?Study on Prisoner's Dilemma Games

This article reports the results of a meta‐study of 96 prisoner's dilemma studies comprising more than 3,500 participants. I disentangle the role of ‘risk’ (to co‐operate unilaterally) and ‘temptation’ (to defect against a co‐operator) and find that: (i) an index of risk best explains the variation in co‐operation rates across one‐shot games, while (ii) an index of temptation best explains the variation in finitely repeated games. Risk and temptation indices also affect gender comparisons. Women are more co‐operative than the average man if risk is low and less co‐operative if risk is high. There are no gender differences on average.
A system to grade computer programming skills using machine learning

The automatic evaluation of computer programs is a nascent area of research with a potential for large-scale impact. Extant program assessment systems score mostly based on the number of test-cases passed, providing no insight into the competency of the programmer. In this paper, we present a system to grade computer programs automatically. In addition to grading a program on its programming practices and complexity, the key kernel of the system is a machine-learning based algorithm which determines closeness of the logic of the given program to a correct program. This algorithm uses a set of highly-informative features, derived from the abstract representations of a given program, that capture the program's functionality. These features are then used to learn a model to grade the programs, which are built against evaluations done by experts. We show that the regression models provide much better grading than the ubiquitous test-case-pass based grading and rivals the grading accuracy of other open-response problems such as essay grading . We also show that our novel features add significant value over and above basic keyword/expression count features. In addition to this, we propose a novel way of posing computer-program grading as a one-class modeling problem and report encouraging preliminary results. We show the value of the system through a case study in a real-world industrial deployment. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time a system using machine learning has been developed and used for grading programs. The work is timely with regard to the recent boom in Massively Online Open Courseware (MOOCs), which promises to produce a significant amount of hand-graded digitized data.
Explorations in price (un)fairness

Consumers may use multiple reference points—including cost of goods, past prices, and competitive prices—to judge price fairness. Across a series of studies we show that consumers are inclined to overestimate profits, often to an extreme extent. We further demonstrate that prices are perceived to be unfair because consumers fail to take into account vendor costs, underestimate the effects of inflation, and attribute competitive price differences to profits. Potential corrective interventions by marketers—such as cueing costs, providing historical price information, and explaining price differences—were insufficient to eliminate unfairness perceptions. In addition, prices for goods were found to be stickier than prices for services and therefore were especially susceptible to these systematic perceptions of unfairness.
Evaluation of a DNA microarray for the rapid detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (TEM, SHV and CTX-M), plasmid-mediated cephalosporinases (CMY-2-like, DHA, FOX, ACC-1, ACT/MIR and CMY-1-like/MOX) and carbapenemases (KPC, OXA-48, VIM, IMP and NDM).

OBJECTIVES Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli are reported increasingly and represent an emerging public health concern. Laboratory detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), plasmid-mediated cephalosporinase (pAmpC) and carbapenemase producers remains a challenge for microbiology laboratories and is important to avoid clinical failure due to inappropriate antimicrobial therapy and to prevent nosocomial outbreaks. We evaluated a novel microarray, the 'Check-MDR CT103 array' test (Check-Points, Wageningen, The Netherlands), that employs highly specific DNA markers to identify the β-lactamase genes of ESBLs (TEM, SHV and CTX-M, and discriminates between ESBL and non-ESBL TEM and SHV variants), of pAmpC (CMY-2-like, DHA, FOX, ACC-1, ACT/MIR and CMY-1-like/MOX) and of carbapenemases (KPC, OXA-48, VIM, IMP and NDM). METHODS One-hundred-and-eighty-seven well-characterized Gram-negative bacilli isolates possessing different bla genes were tested. Total DNAs were extracted using a Qiagen DNA mini kit. The 'Check-MDR CT103 array' was used as recommended by the manufacturer. RESULTS The system correctly identified representatives of the three ESBL gene families tested, including differentiation between non-ESBL and ESBL TEM and SHV variants. All bla(CTX-M) genes were classified into the appropriate family group (i.e. CTX-M-1 group, CTX-M-2 group, CTX-M-9 group and CTX-M-8/25/26 group). In addition, the clinically relevant plasmid-encoded cephalosporinase and carbapenemase genes were also reliably detected. Specificities and sensitivities of 100% were recorded for most bla genes. CONCLUSIONS The 'Check-MDR CT103 array' is a powerful high-throughput tool for rapid identification of ESBL, pAmpC and carbapenemase producers in culture. Because of its rapid performance, this platform is a valuable tool for epidemiological or infection control studies.
VlogSense: Conversational behavior and social attention in YouTube

We introduce the automatic analysis of conversational vlogs (VlogSense, for short) as a new research domain in social media. Conversational vlogs are inherently multimodal, depict natural behavior, and are suitable for large-scale analysis. Given their diversity in terms of content, VlogSense requires the integration of robust methods for multimodal analysis and for social media understanding. We present an original study on the automatic characterization of vloggers' audiovisual nonverbal behavior, grounded in work from social psychology and behavioral computing. Our study on 2,269 vlogs from YouTube shows that several nonverbal cues are significantly correlated with the social attention received by videos.
DOC2B: A Novel Syntaxin-4 Binding Protein Mediating Insulin-Regulated GLUT4 Vesicle Fusion in Adipocytes

OBJECTIVE— Insulin stimulates glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissues primarily by stimulating the translocation of vesicles containing a facilitative glucose transporter, GLUT4, from intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane. The formation of stable soluble N-ethyl-maleimide–sensitive fusion protein [NSF] attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complexes between vesicle-associated membrane protein-2 (VAMP-2) and syntaxin-4 initiates GLUT4 vesicle docking and fusion processes. Additional factors such as munc18c and tomosyn were reported to be negative regulators of the SNARE complex assembly involved in GLUT4 vesicle fusion. However, despite numerous investigations, the positive regulators have not been adequately clarified. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— We determined the intracellular localization of DOC2b by confocal immunoflorescent microscopy in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Interaction between DOC2b and syntaxin-4 was assessed by the yeast two-hybrid screening system, immunoprecipitation, and in vitro glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down experiments. Cell surface externalization of GLUT4 and glucose uptake were measured in the cells expressing DOC2b constructs or silencing DOC2b. RESULTS— Herein, we show that DOC2b, a SNARE-related protein containing double C2 domains but lacking a transmembrane region, is translocated to the plasma membrane upon insulin stimulation and directly associates with syntaxin-4 in an intracellular Ca2+-dependent manner. Furthermore, this process is essential for triggering GLUT4 vesicle fusion. Expression of DOC2b in cultured adipocytes enhanced, while expression of the Ca2+-interacting domain mutant DCO2b or knockdown of DOC2b inhibited, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. CONCLUSIONS— These findings indicate that DOC2b is a positive SNARE regulator for GLUT4 vesicle fusion and mediates insulin-stimulated glucose transport in adipocytes.