Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anti-Social Behaviour, Crime Control and Social Control

Measures introduced to tackle anti-social behaviour have been described as crime control through the coming together of social housing management and policing. This suggests that a new form of social control is coming into effect. Taking Cohen's classic analysis of social control, it is possible to discern the extent to which the control of anti-social behaviour is characterised by a blurring of boundaries, behaviourism, mesh-thinning and net-widening. This leads to a discussion of the inclusionary and exclusionary aspects of anti-social behaviour as a phenomenon which is linked to the changing constellation of 'care and control' professions.
Epizootiology of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in Free-ranging White-tailed Deer in Northeastern México

Abstract Species of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) ticks are the vectors of babesiosis (cattle fever tick), which are distributed worldwide. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are important secondary hosts for the cattle fever ticks, Rhipicephalus (B.) annulatus and Rhipicephalus (B.) microplus. White-tailed deer are capable of sustaining Boophilus spp. tick populations in the presence or absence of cattle. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina and the prevalence of antibodies to them and identify possible risk factors for bovine babesiosis in white-tailed deer in 3 northeastern states of México. Whole blood and serum samples (n = 457) were collected from white-tailed deer in the states of Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas during the spring of 2004. Samples were tested for B. bovis and B. bigemina by nested polymerase chain reaction (n-PCR) (the primers for B. bovis identified the gene Rap-1 and B. bigemina were specific primers) and by an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). A questionnaire was given to each ranch to obtain information about management practices. Logistic regression methods were used to test the association between management factors and the dependent variable of positive n-PCR or IFAT. Nineteen (4.2%) samples were positive to B. bigemina and 6 (1.7%) were positive to B. bovis by n-PCR. Serological testing showed 59.9% (n = 274) of deer sampled were positive to B. bovis and 5.4% (n = 25) were positive to B. bigemina antibodies. The logistic model varied with different dependent variables. With positive n-PCR and B. bigemina as the dependent variable, 3 factors were associated: habitat (presence of brush and exotic grasses; odds ratio (OR), 3.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3–8.5), grazing system (continuous grazing OR 4.0; CI, 1.3–12.2), and tick treatment frequency (3–4 mo; OR 7.0, CI 1.4–34.3; 5–6 mo; OR, 11.0; CI, 1.9–62.7; >6 mo; OR, 4.6; CI, 0.9–23.3). These findings suggest that white-tailed deer may act as a reservoir for the 2 bovine Babesia spp. and that white-tailed deer may be important in the epidemiology of babesiosis. However, evidence is not available to support whether white-tailed deer are, or are not, likely to be a host that could complete the transmission cycle of Babesia spp. These results suggest that additional research is needed to demonstrate the importance of white-tailed deer as a Babesia spp. infection source for ticks.
Magnesium supplementation, metabolic and inflammatory markers, and global genomic and proteomic profiling: a randomized, double-blind, controlled, crossover trial in overweight individuals.

BACKGROUND Dietary magnesium intake has been favorably associated with reduced risk of metabolic outcomes in observational studies; however, few randomized trials have introduced a systems-biology approach to explore molecular mechanisms of pleiotropic metabolic actions of magnesium supplementation. OBJECTIVE We examined the effects of oral magnesium supplementation on metabolic biomarkers and global genomic and proteomic profiling in overweight individuals. DESIGN We undertook this randomized, crossover, pilot trial in 14 healthy, overweight volunteers [body mass index (in kg/m(2)) ≥25] who were randomly assigned to receive magnesium citrate (500 mg elemental Mg/d) or a placebo for 4 wk with a 1-mo washout period. Fasting blood and urine specimens were collected according to standardized protocols. Biochemical assays were conducted on blood specimens. RNA was extracted and subsequently hybridized with the Human Gene ST 1.0 array (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). Urine proteomic profiling was analyzed with the CM10 ProteinChip array (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA). RESULTS We observed that magnesium treatment significantly decreased fasting C-peptide concentrations (change: -0.4 ng/mL after magnesium treatment compared with +0.05 ng/mL after placebo treatment; P = 0.004) and appeared to decrease fasting insulin concentrations (change: -2.2 μU/mL after magnesium treatment compared with 0.0 μU/mL after placebo treatment; P = 0.25). No consistent patterns were observed across inflammatory biomarkers. Gene expression profiling revealed up-regulation of 24 genes and down-regulation of 36 genes including genes related to metabolic and inflammatory pathways such as C1q and tumor necrosis factor-related protein 9 (C1QTNF9) and pro-platelet basic protein (PPBP). Urine proteomic profiling showed significant differences in the expression amounts of several peptides and proteins after treatment. CONCLUSION Magnesium supplementation for 4 wk in overweight individuals led to distinct changes in gene expression and proteomic profiling consistent with favorable effects on several metabolic pathways. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00737815.
Sex and relationships education, sexual health, and lesbian, gay and bisexual sexual cultures: views from young people

This article draws on three small-scale studies with young people in two cities in the United Kingdom, which sought to gather views on sex and relationships education (SRE) and sexual health, and included those who self-identified as lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB). Participants were involved in detailed self-completion surveys and/or in-depth interviews/focus groups. Each project elicited data about respondents' views on SRE (at school) and how this included and excluded LGB young people. The article also looks at influences on sexual activity, conceptualizations/understandings of sexual health and ‘safe sex’, and expectations in relation to safer sex. This aids understanding about the existence of dominant ‘sexual cultures’ and their influence on young people's attitudes towards sexual health, including views on/experiences of ‘risk behaviours’, and (unequal) access to services. The article concludes with recommendations for good practice, and future research, highlighting the importance of an equalities and human rights foundation for learning about sex and relationships, for both young and old, and people of all sexual identities/experience.
A survey on the use of graphical passwords in security

Beginning around 1996, numerous graphical password schemes have been proposed, motivated by improving password usability and security, two key factors in password scheme evaluation. In this paper, we focus on the security aspects of existing graphical password schemes, which not only gives a simple introduction of attack methods but also intends to provide an in-depth analysis with specific schemes. The paper first categorizes existing graphical password schemes into four kinds according to the authentication style and provides a comprehensive introduction and analysis for each scheme, highlighting security aspects. Then we review the known attack methods, categorize them into two kinds, and summarize the security reported in some user studies of those schemes. Finally, some suggestions are given for future research.
Stock Market Declines and Liquidity

Consistent with recent theoretical models where binding capital constraints lead to sudden liquidity dry-ups, we find that negative market returns decrease stock liquidity, especially during times of tightness in the funding market. The asymmetric effect of changes in aggregate asset values on liquidity and commonality in liquidity cannot be fully explained by changes in demand for liquidity or volatility effects. We document interindustry spillover effects in liquidity, which are likely to arise from capital constraints in the market making sector. We also find economically significant returns to supplying liquidity following periods of large drops in market valuations. Copyright (c) 2009 the American Finance Association.
Global virtual teams: what impacts their design and performance?

This paper examines the aspect of designing global virtual teams and the key factors that impact team design. Examines how design impacts team performance. Proposes a conceptual model for designing such teams to deliver optimal performance. The model contains four major elements: virtual team structure, strategic objectives, work characteristics and situational constraints. The impact of the last three elements on team structure and their relationship to team performance are examined. Proposes a multi‐dimensional measure for virtual team structure, and considers how situational demands and performance constraints can impact team design. Highlights the fact that performance of teams too is multi‐dimensional and design has to consider the tradeoff involved in these factors. Proposes that global virtual teams be designed with a holistic approach considering an optimal fit between the team structure and the key impacting factors like objectives, work characteristics and situational constraints to deliver performance.
Mutations in the N-terminal Cooperativity Domain of Gene 32 Protein Alter Properties of the T4 DNA Replication and Recombination Systems*

The gene 32 protein (gp32) of bacteriophage T4 is the essential single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding protein required for phage DNA replication and recombination. gp32 binds ssDNA with high affinity and cooperativity, forming contiguous clusters that optimally configure the ssDNA for recognition by DNA polymerase or recombination enzymes. The precise roles of gp32 affinity and cooperativity in promoting replication and recombination have yet to be defined, however. Previous work established that the N-terminal “B-domain” of gp32 is essential for cooperativity and that point mutations at Arg4 and Lys3 positions have varying and dramatic effects on gp32-ssDNA interactions. Therefore, we examined the effects of six different gp32 B-domain mutants on T4 in vitro systems for DNA synthesis and homologous pairing. We find that the B-domain is essential for gp32's stimulation of these reactions. The stimulatory efficacy of gp32 B-domain mutants generally correlates with the hierarchy of relative ssDNA binding affinities,i.e. wild-type gp32 ≈ R4K > K3A ≈ R4Q > R4T > R4G ≫ gp32-B. However, the functional defect of a particular mutant is often greater than can be explained simply by its ability to saturate the ssDNA at equilibrium, suggesting additional defects in the proper assembly and activity of DNA polymerase and recombinase complexes on ssDNA, which may derive from a decreased lifetime of gp32-ssDNA clusters.
Wideband Dipole Array Loaded Substrate Integrated H-Plane Horn Antenna for Millimeter Waves

A novel dipole array loaded substrate integrated H-plane sectoral horn antenna with a simple three-layered geometry is proposed. The dipole array integrated into two extra dielectric strips is connected to the top and bottom edges of the horn aperture. Both the horn aperture and the dipole array are effectively radiated together. A wide impedance bandwidth of 44% for $\vert S_{11}\vert < -10$ dB that can cover the entire Ka-band is verified by a fabricated prototype. Additionally, stable symmetrical radiation pattern with low cross polarizations, low backward radiation, and gain up to 12 dBi with a variation of 3 dB can also be obtained throughout the whole operating band. The proposed antenna provides a new mean to design wideband substrate integrated horns with excellent endfire radiation, which would be attractive for future wideband and multiband millimeter-wave wireless applications, including the fifth generation (5G) mobile communications and the WiGig system.
The relations between filial piety, goal orientations and academic achievement in Hong Kong

This study examined the relationships among filial piety, goal orientations, and academic achievement among Chinese students. A survey of 336 university students in Hong Kong was carried out to collect information on their filial piety beliefs, goal orientations and grade point averages. Structural equation modelling indicated that reciprocal filial piety was associated with mastery orientation, which is associated with academic achievement in Chinese students. Authoritarian filial piety was associated with performance orientation, including performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals, which contribute positively and negatively, respectively, to academic achievement in Chinese students. Findings were interpreted based on Chinese cultural factors and considerations.
Hysteresis current-control strategy for single-phase half-bridge shunt active power filters

This paper presents a hysteresis current-control (HCC) strategy for a single-phase half-bridge shunt active power filter. The half-bridge topology employs two switching devices and two capacitors connected in series. It is shown that the imbalance existing in these capacitor voltages can be successfully eliminated. The HCC strategy is seen to be quite successful in eliminating the unwanted current harmonics. The steady-state and dynamic performance of the HCC strategy has been tested by computer simulations under a diode bridge rectifier load. Simulation results confirm the correct operation of the HCC strategy.
Optimization Techniques for Semi-Supervised Support Vector Machines

Due to its wide applicability, the problem of semi-supervised classification is attracting increasing attention in machine learning. Semi-Supervised Support Vector Machines (S3VMs) are based on applying the margin maximization principle to both labeled and unlabeled examples. Unlike SVMs, their formulation leads to a non-convex optimization problem. A suite of algorithms have recently been proposed for solving S3VMs. This paper reviews key ideas in this literature. The performance and behavior of various S3VMs algorithms is studied together, under a common experimental setting.
Nationwide Newspaper Coverage of Same-Sex Marriage: A Community Structure Approach

Using the community structure approach to compare coverage of same-sex marriage in leading U.S. newspapers in 35 major cities nationwide, all articles of 250+ words were sampled from a 5-year span of January 1, 2007, to June 23, 2011, for a total of 577 articles. Articles were coded for “prominence” and “direction,” and then combined into a “Media Vector” score for each newspaper, ranging from . 4523 to −. 1067. Initial Pearson correlations revealed three clusters had significant relationships: stakeholder (stakeholder proportions correlating with favorable coverage of stakeholder concerns), buffer (privilege correlating with favorable coverage of human rights issues), and vulnerability (vulnerable populations correlating with coverage favoring their perspectives). The stakeholder cluster includes: (percentage 25–44: r = .506, p = .001; gay market index: r = .432, p = .005; percentage 65+: r = −.397, p = .009; percentage voting Democratic: r = .335, p = .025; percentage voting Republican: r = −.330, p = .026). The buffer hypothesis was also confirmed (percentage college educated: r = .465, p = .002; percentage family income of $100,000+: r = .383, p = .012; and percentage professional/technical occupations: r = .300, p = .040). One vulnerability indicator, percentage below the poverty line, was also confirmed (r = −.297, p = .041). A varimax rotated factor analysis and regression yielded 2 factors accounting for more than 29% of the variance: privilege/gay marketing/political identity, 24%, and Evangelicals, 5%.
Preventing PTSD with oxytocin: effects of oxytocin administration on fear neurocircuitry and PTSD symptom development in recently trauma-exposed individuals

ABSTRACT Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder which develops in approximately 10% of trauma-exposed individuals. Currently, there are few early preventive interventions available for PTSD. Intranasal oxytocin administration early posttrauma may prevent PTSD symptom development, as oxytocin administration was previously found to beneficially impact neurobiological (e.g. amygdala reactivity) and socio-emotional PTSD vulnerability factors. Objective: The overall aim of this dissertation was to investigate the potential of intranasal oxytocin administration as early preventive intervention for PTSD. Methods: We performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study to assess the acute effects of a single administration of oxytocin on the functional fear neurocircuitry – consisting of the amygdala and (pre)frontal brain regions – in recently trauma-exposed emergency department patients (range n = 37–41). In addition, we performed a multicentre randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial (RCT) to assess the efficacy of repeated intranasal oxytocin administration early after trauma for preventing PTSD symptom development up to six months posttrauma (n = 107). Results: In our fMRI experiments we observed acutely increased amygdala reactivity to fearful faces and attenuated amygdala-ventromedial and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex functional connectivity after a single oxytocin administration in recently trauma-exposed individuals. However, in our RCT we found that repeated intranasal oxytocin administration early posttrauma reduced subsequent PTSD symptom development in recently trauma-exposed emergency department patients with high acute PTSD symptoms. Conclusions: These findings indicate that repeated intranasal oxytocin is a promising early preventive intervention for PTSD for individuals at increased risk for PTSD due to high acute symptom severity. Administration frequency dependent effects of oxytocin or the effects of oxytocin administration on salience processing may serve as explanatory frameworks for the contrasting oxytocin effects on anxiety-related measures in our clinical and neuroimaging studies.
Paget Cells in the Esophagus: Assessment of Their Histopathologic Features and Near-universal Association With Underlying Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

Pagetoid spread of primary esophageal melanomas and several cases of pagetoid esophageal squamous cell carcinoma are known. However, true esophageal Paget disease (intraepithelial growth of neoplastic cells with glandular differentiation) has only rarely been reported. We encountered 3 endoscopic biopsy specimens containing Paget cells in squamous epithelium associated with adenocarcinomas in Barrett esophagus (BE) and in the esophagogastric junction. To determine the prevalence of Paget cells in the esophagus, we studied 81 endoscopic mucosal resections and 27 esophagectomies from patients with invasive or intramucosal adenocarcinoma, and compared the findings to a control group of 47 endoscopic mucosal resections and 25 esophagectomies from patients with high-grade dysplasia in BE. Paget cells were present in squamous epithelium overlying 5 (4.9%) of 108 adenocarcinomas but in none (0%) of 72 BE with high-grade dysplasia (P=0.16). A computerized search for primary Paget disease using the terms “Paget's and esophagus” or “pagetoid and esophagus” from 1994 to 2007 did not yield any additional cases. Among the 8 patients with Paget cells (including the 2 index biopsies) there were no differences in either sex distribution (7M:1F) or age (mean 62.4 y) as compared with 103 adenocarcinomas without Paget cells (93M:10F, P=0.58; mean age 69.2 y, P=0.78). Morphologically, all adenocarcinomas with Paget cells contained at least a component of diffuse, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and 1 was a signet ring cell carcinoma. Paget cells involved only squamous epithelium directly above the poorly differentiated tumor foci. Histochemistry for periodic acid-Schiff with diastase (PAS-D) and mucicarmine, and immunohistochemistry for CK7, CK20, p53, and E-cadherin, were performed on 7 Paget cases with the following results: PAS-D+ (7 of 7, 100%), mucicarmine+ (6 of 7, 86%), CK7+ (7 of 7, 100%), CK20+ (5 of 7, 71%), p53 overexpression (3 of 7, 43%), and E-cadherin loss (complete loss in 1 and faint expression in 3, 57%). Overall, PAS-D was the most efficacious stain for highlighting Paget cells. A control group of 19 adenocarcinomas without Paget cells were also stained for E-cadherin; only 1 showed faint expression (5%) and none showed complete loss (P=0.01). These results demonstrate a low but significant prevalence (4.9%) of Paget cells in esophageal and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinomas. Unlike previously described cases of mammary, vulvar, and perianal Paget disease, esophageal Paget cells are almost universally associated with underlying adenocarcinoma and not with high grade dysplasia (“in situ” disease) or primary Paget disease. A commonality among cases with Paget cells is the presence of focal or diffuse, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with discohesive cells. E-cadherin alterations seem to play a less significant role.
Lithuanian Speech Recognition Using the English Recognizer

The present work is concerned with speech recognition using a small or medium size vocabulary. The possibility to use the English speech recognizer for the recognition of Lithuanian was investigated. Two methods were used to deal with such problems: the expert-driven (knowledge-based) method and the data-driven one. Phonological systems of English and Lithuanian were compared on the basis of the knowledge of phonology, and relations between certain Lithuanian and English phonemes were established. Situations in which correspondences between the phonemes were to be established experimentally (i.e., using the data-driven method) and the English phonemes that best matched the Lithuanian sounds or their combinations (e.g., diphthongs) in such situations were identified. The results obtained were used for creating transcriptions of the Lithuanian names and surnames that were used in recognition experiments. The experiments without transcriptions, with a single transcription and with many transcriptions were carried on. The method that allowed finding a small number of best transcriptions was proposed. The recognition rate achieved was as follows: 84.2% with the vocabulary containing 500 word pairs.
The yeast orthologue of GRASP65 forms a complex with a coiled-coil protein that contributes to ER to Golgi traffic

The mammalian Golgi protein GRASP65 is required in assays that reconstitute cisternal stacking and vesicle tethering. Attached to membranes by an N-terminal myristoyl group, it recruits the coiled-coil protein GM130. The relevance of this system to budding yeasts has been unclear, as they lack an obvious orthologue of GM130, and their only GRASP65 relative (Grh1) lacks a myristoylation site and has even been suggested to act in a mitotic checkpoint. In this study, we show that Grh1 has an N-terminal amphipathic helix that is N-terminally acetylated and mediates association with the cis-Golgi. We find that Grh1 forms a complex with a previously uncharacterized coiled-coil protein, Ydl099w (Bug1). In addition, Grh1 interacts with the Sec23/24 component of the COPII coat. Neither Grh1 nor Bug1 are essential for growth, but biochemical assays and genetic interactions with known mediators of vesicle tethering (Uso1 and Ypt1) suggest that the Grh1–Bug1 complex contributes to a redundant network of interactions that mediates consumption of COPII vesicles and formation of the cis-Golgi.