Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Locating agency in the classroom: A metaphor analysis of teacher talk in a college developmental reading class

This study employed a metaphor analysis approach to investigate instructor language as it relates to the positioning of agency within a college developmental reading course context. Agency, or the socioculturally mediated potential to act, is a crucial part of self-regulated, self-efficacious learning and contributes to identity formation and affirmation. Understanding where agency is being positioned via classroom discourse can have important implications for the teaching and learning transaction, including the construction of students’ implicit theories about their literacy practices and their roles as active learners. As a type of discourse analysis, metaphor analysis allows for an unobtrusive, highly ecologically valid method of determining the underlying conceptualisations about a given topic that are held by participants in discourse communities. The article concludes with pedagogical implications.
Long-Term In Vivo Imaging of Dendritic Spines in the Hippocampus Reveals Structural Plasticity

Hippocampal function is important for learning and memory. During memory processing, hippocampal CA1 neurons play a crucial role by integrating excitatory synaptic input from CA3 and the entorhinal cortex. These neurons receive excitatory input almost exclusively on dendritic spines. The formation and elimination—structural plasticity—of dendritic spines reflect wiring changes within the hippocampal network. Despite the relevance of the hippocampus in learning and memory, most in vivo data on structural plasticity derive from cortical regions. We established a chronic hippocampal window approach using two-photon microscopy to visualize dendritic spines throughout all CA1 hippocampal layers and over a time course of weeks. Moreover, even granule cells in dentate gyrus could be reliably detected. We found that the spine density in stratum radiatum (∼1.1 per micrometer) remained stable over weeks. However, a small fraction (3.4%) of spines were formed and eliminated between imaging sessions, which demonstrated that spines of CA1 neurons exhibit structural plasticity in adult mice. In addition, we tested for possible inflammatory or behavioral side effects of hippocampal window implantation. Mice exhibited a transient increase in microgliosis and astrogliosis, which declined within a few weeks. We did not detect any difference in behavioral performance in an open-field and contextual fear-conditioning paradigm. In conclusion, hippocampal long-term two-photon imaging revealed structural plasticity of dendritic spines in CA1 pyramidal neurons. This approach may provide a powerful tool to analyze changes in neuronal network rewiring during hippocampal learning and memory processes in health and disease.
Voting and Experimentation

This paper analyzes a dynamic voting model where individual preferences evolve through experimentation. Individual votes reflect not only current preferences but also the anticipated effect of elected alternatives on future preferences and votes. The analysis is conducted in a two-arm bandit model, with a safe (status quo) alternative and a risky alternative whose payoff distribution, or “type”, varies across individuals and may be learned through experimentation. Under any voting rule, society experiments less than any individual would if he could dictate future decisions, due to a control-loss effect. Depending on the nature of uncertainty, majority-based experimentation also has a systematic bias compared to the utilitarian policy. For large groups with independently distributed types, this control-loss effect annihilates the value of experimentation, prompting individuals to vote myopically. However, even with independently distributed types, a positive news shock for anyone raises everyone’s value function and incentive to experiment. Efficiency increases with ex ante preference correlation. The paper also discusses the effect on experimentation of the ability to commit and of asymmetric information.
Efficient macro mobility management for GPRS IP networks

Mobile IP has several inefficiencies, and was not originally designed for situations where both peers are highly mobile. We present a mobility management solution that retains compatibility with existing Internet protocols, whilst increasing the efficiency of communications between two GPRS mobile hosts. Our proposal eradicates triangle routing and minimizes handover latency. We show by numerical analysis that the routing optimization improves the performance of TCP controlled data flows, reducing buffering requirements and minimizing the recovery time after a handover occurs.
Nutrition studies on mature and immature coconut meat and coconut water

Coconuts are one of the most nutritious fruits. The nutrients and physical characteristics change as a coconut mature. In this research, coconuts (mature and immature stages) were subjected to analyze for physicochemical properties of coconut meat and coconut water. Coconut samples were collected from Tharkayta Township, Yangon Region. Nutritional values such as protein, fat, fiber and carbohydrate of coconut meat and water (mature and immature stages) were determined. Determination of protein contents was made by Micro-Kjeldahl method. Examination of fat contents was carried out by Soxhlet extraction method. Investigation of fiber contents were performed by Acid-base treatment method. In addition, carbohydrate contents were determined by AOAC official method. Moreover, pH values were measured by pH meter, water contents by Dean and Stark distillation method and ash contents by Ashing method. Mineral contents (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, As and Cd) were also determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. The results of compositions of coconut samples showed a significant increase in protein, fiber, fat and carbohydrate and calorie contents but decrease in water content as coconut mature. All the analyzed samples were acidic pH range and are termed as low acid foods except immature coconut water. The chemical analysis of coconut meat and coconut water (mature and immature stages) showed highest percentage of potassium among the minerals.
Information and accrual strategy: when do the markets mis-price accruals?

This paper hypothesizes that more active informed trading and intense information production help investors detect the low persistence of accruals, and consequently reduce the magnitude of accruals mis-pricing. Applying both the Mishkin (1983) and the hedge-portfolio tests to subsamples sorted on the basis of a two-way classification – accruals and one of the information production measures, we find evidence showing that accruals mis-pricing is more conspicuous for stocks with high bid-ask spread, high analysts’ forecast error, and low presence of sophisticated institutional investors. Accruals trading strategies restricted to those informationally “opaque” stocks can yield annualized four-factor adjusted abnormal returns (the Fama-French three factors and the momentum factor) ranging from 14% to 23%. We also find that the market does not overreact to normal accruals for firms where information production is intense and effective.
Heterogeneous Sparse Relational Data Co-clustering in Social Network

In social network, users generated multi-typed entities and complex interactive relations. The relational data mining is a hot research in social computing. Co-clustering algorithms have been proposed to mine underlying structure of different entities in heterogeneous social network. However, the real heterogeneous relational data are very sparse. In this paper, we propose a fast High-order Sparse Non-negative Matrix Factorization algorithm to co-cluster heterogeneous sparse relational data based on Correlation Matrix(HSNMF-CM), which is built by the correlation relations of small entities. In HSNMF-CM, the sparseness and size of matrix are reduced simultaneously. Under the sparse constraint, the block coordinate descent algorithms are used to accelerate the convergence rate of the matrix factorization. We assess the performance of the HSNMF-CM on two social data sets. The results show that our algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms on accuracy and convergence speed, and possesses a high scalability on large-scale heterogeneous relational data sets.
Static and dynamic information organization with star clusters

In this paper we present a system for static and dynamic information organization and show our evaluations of this system on TREC data. We introduce the off-line and on-line star clustering algorithms for information organization. Our evaluation experiments show that the offline star algorithm outperforms the single link and average link clustering algorithms. Since the star algorithm is also highly efficient and simple to implement, we advocate its use for tasks that require clustering, such as information organization, browsing, filtering, routing, topic tracking, and new topic detection.
Intestinal microbiota; relevance to obesity and modulation by prebiotics and probiotics.

INTRODUCTION The intestinal microbiota has several beneficial functions related to host health. Studies suggest that it may be related to the presence of metabolic diseases, including obesity. OBJECTIVE A bibliographic survey was carried out upon the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and obesity and the possible impacts of the use of prebiotics and probiotics, aiming to understand this complex and promising interaction. METHODS A search was conducted in the Lilacs, PubMed, SciElo and ScienceDirect databases, using the keywords "gut microbiota" and "obesity". RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We identified 613 original studies. After careful selection, 61 original articles were included in this review. The others indicated that there are differences in the microbial composition between obese and non-obese patients and the possible mechanisms involved. Alteration is caused in the energy homeostasis, in the use of dietary intake and storage of lipids due to the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Among the studies that evaluated the microbiota modulation, seven used probiotics; 24 used prebiotics, and five studies were performed using food. After dietary manipulation, the growth of bifidobacteria was obtained in 10 studies, in association with weight reduction, adipogenic effects of diet, intestinal permeability and inflammatory markers. CONCLUSION Knowledge on the impact of the microbiota on metabolic pathways allows to conceive new factors associated with obesity and modulation by prebiotics and probiotics. In this sense, the main effect observed was the increase in bifidobacteria, usually accompanied by weight loss and enhancement of parameters related to obesity.
Terrorism, distress and coping: High versus low impact regions and direct versus indirect civilian exposure

Abstract The 2001–2002 terror campaign against Israel's heartland was an unprecedented string of deadly bombing attacks against Israeli civilians. The violence touched the lives of countless Israelis and has negatively affected the general mood of many. The objective of this investigation was to assess the level of exposure to terrorism for individuals residing in the affected areas and to examine psychological responses and ways of coping during the peak of the violence. A random sample of 327 adults, purposely over-sampled from the hardest-hit areas, was surveyed. Although citizens residing in the most severely hit locales were also those who suffered most from posttraumatic symptoms, the effects of major national trauma were not limited to those directly exposed to it. These results suggest that objective measures of exposure or loss may not be sensitive predictors of reactive distress. Acceptance of the situation and its uncontrollability was both the most commonly used way of coping employed and the only effective one.
Pot

This article presents Pot, a system that leverages the concept of preordered transactions to achieve deterministic multithreaded execution of programs that use Transactional Memory. Preordered transactions eliminate the root cause of nondeterminism in transactional execution: they provide the illusion of executing in a deterministic serial order, unlike traditional transactions that appear to execute in a nondeterministic order that can change from execution to execution. Pot uses a new concurrency control protocol that exploits the serialization order to distinguish between fast and speculative transaction execution modes in order to mitigate the overhead of imposing a deterministic order. We build two Pot prototypes: one using STM and another using off-the-shelf HTM. To the best of our knowledge, Pot enables deterministic execution of programs using off-the-shelf HTM for the first time. An experimental evaluation shows that Pot achieves deterministic execution of TM programs with low overhead, sometimes even outperforming nondeterministic executions, and clearly outperforming the state of the art.
Analysis of falls in different rounds of the supercross world cup in the netherlands and belgium

The study aimed to verify the number of falls of men and women during the two rounds of the Supercross BMX Cycling World Cup in the Netherlands and Belgium in 2017, and check which straight have the most falls. And, also, to verify if there is difference between the circuits in relation to the number of falls of the athletes in these two competitions. For this, an analysis of the official two-rounds films of the BMX Cycling World Cup Supercross in 2017 was carried out in Papendal (Holland) and Zolder (Belgium) in May 2017. The number of falls of the athletes was analyzed by observing and counting the number of these. A total of 189 male and 45 female athletes participated in the study, and all the two events were analyzed, verifying in which straight the falls occurred. It is possible to conclude the second straight in both straights was the one that presented more number of falls, and the track of Belgium presented more number of falls.
Morus alba Leaf Lectin (MLL) Sensitizes MCF-7 Cells to Anoikis by Inhibiting Fibronectin Mediated Integrin-FAK Signaling through Ras and Activation of P38 MAPK

Lectins are a unique class of carbohydrate binding proteins/glycoproteins, and many of them possess anticancer properties. They can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, inhibit protein synthesis, telomerase activity and angiogenesis in cancer cells. In the present study, we have demonstrated the effect of Morus alba leaf lectin (MLL) on anoikis induction in MCF-7 cells. Anoikis induction in cancer cells has a significant role in preventing early stage metastasis. MLL treatment in monolayers of MCF-7 cells caused significant detachment of cells in a time and concentration dependent manner. The detached cells failed to re-adhere and grew even to culture plates coated with different matrix proteins. DNA fragmentation, membrane integrity studies, annexin V staining, caspase 9 activation and upregulation of Bax/Bad confirmed that the detached cells underwent apoptosis. Upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) caused a decrease in fibronectin (FN) production which facilitated the cells to detach by blocking the FN mediated downstream signaling. On treatment with MLL, we have observed downregulation of integrin expression, decreased phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), loss in FAK-integrin interaction and active Ras. MLL treatment downregulated the levels of phosphorylated Akt and PI3K. Also, we have studied the effect of MLL on two stress activated protein kinases p38 MAPK and JNK. p38 MAPK activation was found to be elevated, but there was no change in the level of JNK. Thus our study substantiated the possible antimetastatic effect of MLL by inducing anoikis in MCF-7 cells by activation of caspase 9 and proapoptotic Bax/Bad by blockage of FN mediated integrin/FAK signaling and partly by activation of p38 MAPK.
Binaural Integration of Periodically Alternating Speech following Cochlear Implantation in Subjects with Profound Sensorineural Unilateral Hearing Loss

In cochlear implant (CI) recipients with unilateral hearing loss (UHL) and normal hearing (NH) in the contralateral ear, the central auditory system receives signals of different auditory modalities, i.e. electrically via the CI ear as well as acoustically via the NH ear. The present study investigates binaural integration of bimodal stimulation in the central auditory system of 10 CI subjects with UHL by applying a modified version of the Rapidly Alternating Speech Perception (RASP) test to characterise speech recognition ability under monotic and dichotic listening arrangements. Subsequently, the results for each monotic and dichotic test condition were compared to quantify the binaural benefit from CI usage. The study results demonstrate significantly improved speech recognition under dichotic compared to monotic listening conditions, providing evidence that there is binaural integration of acoustically and electrically transmitted speech segments in the central nervous system at brainstem and cortical levels. In contrast to more commonly used tests of binaural integration, such as localisation, the RASP test provides the clinical option to investigate binaural integration involving structures at the cortical level.
Cognitive conflicts and symptom severity in dysthymia: "I'd rather be good than happy"

SUMMARY A method for studying cognitive conflicts using the repertory grid technique is presented. By means of this technique, implicative dilemmas can be identified, cognitive structures in which a personal construct for which change is wished for implies undesirable change on another construct. We assessed the presence of dilemmas and the severity of symptoms in 46 participants who met criteria for dysthymia and compared then to a non-clinical group composed of 496 participants. Finally, an analysis of the specific content of the personal constructs forming such dilemmas was also performed. Implicative dilemmas were found in almost 70% of the dysthymic participants in contrast to 39% of controls and in greater quantity. In addition, participants in both groups with this type of conflict showed more depressive symptoms and general distress than those without dilemmas. Furthermore, a greater number of implicative dilemmas was associated with higher levels of symptom severity. Finally, content analysis results showed that implicative dilemmas are frequently composed of a constellation of moral values and emotion, indicating that symptoms are often related to moral aspects of the self and so change processes may be hindered. Clinical implications of targeting implicative dilemmas in the therapy context are discussed.
Iron deficiency anemia in adolescents; a literature review.

INTRODUCTION Anemia is one of the most important nutritional deficiencies affecting various social and socioeconomic strata. It is more common in developing countries, with children and adolescents being at a significantly higher risk for the condition. OBJECTIVE To perform a literature review on iron deficiency anemia in adolescence as a public health issue and on the risk factors that may contribute towards nutritional deficiencies, stunted growth and development in this age group, emphasizing the physiopathology and causes of anemia, the different diagnostic approaches, and its clinical characteristics, prevention and treatment. METHODOLOGY The LILACS-BIREME, SCIELO and PUBMED databases were consulted for the study. Scientific papers published in Spanish, Portuguese or English between 2000 and 2013 on the subject of iron deficiency anemia in adolescents were selected for inclusion. A total of 102 studies published between January 1st, 2000 and June 30th, 2013 were identified and evaluated. Forty-two articles meeting the inclusion criterion (adolescents with anemia) were selected for this review. Finally, an analysis was conducted and the papers were evaluated in accordance with the study objectives. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The studies reviewed revealed a prevalence of iron deficiency anemia of around 20% in adolescents and described the harmful effects of anemia in this age group. CONCLUSION Preventive action is required with respect to iron deficiency anemia. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the need for early diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment.
Activation of innate immunity in patients with venous thrombosis: the Leiden Thrombophilia Study

Summary. Background: Previous studies have suggested that levels of inflammatory mediators are risk indicators for venous thrombotic disease. We have sought to confirm and extend these findings by measuring plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10 and IL‐12p70 levels in a case–control study for venous thrombotic disease. Methods: The plasma levels of these inflammatory mediators were measured by flow cytometric analysis using a multiplexed bead assay. Patient and control samples came from the Leiden Thrombophilia Study (474 controls and 474 patients). Results: In a subset of patients and controls inflammatory mediators are detectable in plasma. The crude odds ratios (ORs) associated with the presence of detectable markers were 2.1 [TNF‐α, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1, 3.9], 1.7 (IL‐1β, 95% CI 1.1, 2.9), 2.4 (IL‐6, 95% CI 1.9, 5.3), 2.8 (IL‐8, 95% CI 1.8, 4.4), 0.8 (IL‐10, 95% CI 0.3, 1.8), and 1.3 (IL‐12p70, 95% CI 0.9, 2.0). Adjustment for putative confounders did not influence the risk estimates. Conclusion: TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐8 levels are risk determinants for venous thrombosis. Individuals with detectable levels of either of these mediators in plasma have an OR of about 2. In line with these findings, the odds for the anti‐inflammatory cytokine Il‐10 tend to be < 1. These results add further evidence for the contention that there is an inflammatory component to venous thrombotic disease and may explain why anti‐inflammatory agents such as aspirin may be effective for prevention.