Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Support: An Effective Resource for Reducing the Disparities in Depression across Socioeconomic Strata

This study intends to examine the effectiveness of social support in terms of its effect in reducing the SES-based disparity of depression. Using data from a national probability sample of 14,850 South Korean adults aged 18 or older in 2006, we examined whether or not and how social support has different effects on depression across SES groups. The variables which corresponded with the five aspects of social support were taken into account. We found that the beneficial effects of all the social support variables on depression were stronger in groups with lower educational attainment or lower household income. Social support is an effective resource in terms of reducing depression in lower socioeconomic groups. Alleviating the specific health disparities arising from SES factors is possible. This study proposes that social support provided through social intervention be focused on in order to realize this goal.
Imatinib mesylate has limited activity against the central nervous system involvement of Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia due to poor penetration into cerebrospinal fluid

Summary. A 32‐year‐old woman with relapsed Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia was treated with imatinib mesylate (formerly STI571), a selective inhibitor of BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase. Although the initial marrow response was good and stably maintained, she subsequently relapsed with extensive infiltration of leukaemic cells into the central nervous system (CNS). After controlling her CNS disease with additional intrathecal chemotherapy, we measured the concentration of imatinib in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood simultaneously. The concentration of imatinib in CSF was about 92‐fold lower than that in blood. These results suggest that imatinib poorly penetrates the blood–brain barrier and has limited activity against CNS leukaemia.
Gene expression profiling of the dorsolateral and medial orbitofrontal cortex in schizophrenia

Abstract Schizophrenia is a complex polygenic disorder of unknown etiology. Over 3,000 candidate genes associated with schizophrenia have been reported, most of which being mentioned only once. Alterations in cognitive processing - working memory, metacognition and mentalization - represent a core feature of schizophrenia, which indicates the involvement of the prefrontal cortex in the pathophysiology of this disorder. Hence we compared the gene expression in postmortem tissue from the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, Brodmann's area 46), and the medial part of the orbitofrontal cortex (MOFC, Brodmann's area 11/12), in six patients with schizophrenia and six control brains. Although in the past decade several studies performed transcriptome profiling in schizophrenia, this is the first study to investigate both hemispheres, providing new knowledge about possible brain asymmetry at the level of gene expression and its relation to schizophrenia. We found that in the left hemisphere, twelve genes from the DLPFC and eight genes from the MOFC were differentially expressed in patients with schizophrenia compared to controls. In the right hemisphere there was only one gene differentially expressed in the MOFC. We reproduce the involvement of previously reported genes TARDBP and HNRNPC in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and report seven novel genes: SART1, KAT7, C1D, NPM1, EVI2A, XGY2, and TTTY15. As the differentially expressed genes only partially overlap with previous studies that analyzed other brain regions, our findings indicate the importance of considering prefrontal cortical regions, especially those in the left hemisphere, for obtaining disease-relevant insights.
Shear Wave Induced Resonance Elastography of Venous Thrombi: A Proof-of-Concept

Shear wave induced resonance elastography (SWIRE) is proposed for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) elasticity assessment. This new imaging technique takes advantage of properly polarized shear waves to induce resonance of a confined mechanical heterogeneity. Realistic phantoms (n = 9) of DVT total and partial clot occlusions with elasticities from 406 to 3561 Pa were built for in vitro experiments. An ex vivo study was also performed to evaluate the elasticity of two fresh porcine venous thrombi in a pig model. Transient shear waves at 45-205 Hz were generated by the vibration of a rigid plate (plane wavefront) or by a needle to simulate a radiation pressure on a line segment (cylindrical wavefront). Induced propagation of shear waves was imaged with an ultrafast ultrasound scanner and a finite element method was developed to simulate tested experimental conditions. An inverse problem was then formulated considering the first resonance frequency of the DVT inclusion. Elasticity agreements between SWIRE and a reference spectroscopy instrument (RheoSpectris) were found in vitro for total clots either in plane (r2 = 0.989) or cylindrical (r2 = 0.986) wavefront configurations. For total and partial clots, elasticity estimation errors were 9.0 ±4.6% and 9.3 ±11.3%, respectively. Ex vivo, the blood clot elasticity was 498 ±58 Pa within the inferior vena cava and 436 ±45 Pa in the right common iliac vein (p = 0.22). To conclude, the SWIRE technique seems feasible to quantitatively assess blood clot elasticity in the context of DVT ultrasound imaging.
Effect of caffeine on exercise performance among overweight sedentary medical college students (1st year MBBS) of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of moderate dose (5mg per kg) of caffeine ingestion on pulse rate, blood pressure(both systolic and diastolic) and energy expenditure (cal) during a steady state exercise period with a standardize power output as well as during a set time period, where participants were required to cycle with maximum effort. Eighteen healthy, overweight, sedentary, male, first year MBBS student of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical college (sawangi, wardha, Maharashtra) completed 15 minutes steady state cycling exercise at a standardized power output equating to 65% of HR max (part-1) followed by 10 min stationary cycling where they were required to cycle with maximum effort after ingestion of caffeine (5mg per kg) 60 min prior to exercise. Same subjects were used as control. Systolic blood pressure was increased after caffeine ingestion but there was no significant change in diastolic blood pressure. Pulse rate decreased with moderate dose of caffeine ingestion during submaximal exercise which indicates decrease in heart rate. After caffeine ingestion energy expenditure in the 2 part (10 min maximal) of exercise increased in very small amount but it is significantly increased in 1st part of exercise (15 min sub maximal exercise).
Inhibitory Fcγ Receptor Engagement Drives Adjuvant and Anti-Tumor Activities of Agonistic CD40 Antibodies

Engagement of an inhibitory receptor improves the anti-tumor efficacy of a monoclonal antibody. CD40, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, is expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and is essential for immune activation. Although agonistic CD40 antibodies have been developed for immunotherapy, their clinical efficacy has been limited. We have found that coengagement of the Fc domain of agonistic CD40 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with the inhibitory Fcγ receptor FcγRIIB is required for immune activation. Direct comparison of mAbs to CD40 enhanced for activating FcγR binding, hence capable of cytotoxicity, or for inhibitory FcγRIIB binding, revealed that enhancing FcγRIIB binding conferred immunostimulatory activity and considerably greater anti-tumor responses. This unexpected requirement for FcγRIIB in enhancing CD40-mediated immune activation has direct implications for the design of agonistic antibodies to TNFR as therapeutics.
Obesity and elevated blood pressure in suburban student athletes

Objective To assess the prevalence of obesity and elevated blood pressure in a suburban population of middle school and high school student athletes and examine the differences from the previously published populations. Study design The Student Athlete Cardiac Evaluation Registry Study is a single-centre, community hospital-based registry study, that provided free annual preparticipation physical examinations (PPE) from 2009 to 2017. The PPE on the 906 athletes included a history, a physical examination and body metrics including height, weight and blood pressure. The blood pressure was measured with an automated blood pressure cuff and, if elevated, was remeasured using a manual blood pressure cuff with aneroid manometer. The data from the PPE were collected and analysed for prevalence of obesity, overweight and elevated blood pressure measurements. Results The prevalence of obesity was 11%, and 19% of participants were overweight. Many of the athletes had an elevated blood pressure (15%). There was a significant association (P<0.001) between weight and elevated blood pressure. Among athletes with elevated blood pressure, 50% were either obese or overweight. Conclusions There was a similar prevalence of overweight athletes in our study compared with previously published populations, but there were a lower proportion of obese athletes, which may be explained by differences in demographics. Despite the differences in study populations and the lower rate of obesity, the proportion of athletes with elevated blood pressure in our study was similar to prior populations. Weight issues and elevated blood pressure affect athletes across a range of different populations.
How does love magic work? The regulation of closeness and affect by magical thinking

Sympathetic magic and attachment theory enable the drawing of a parallel between functions of material possessions that are used in the absence of parents and a romantic partner. The ascribing of magical significance to objects may be a coping strategy facilitated by dispositional anxieties and situational threats. The aim of this research was to examine whether romantic magical thinking (MT) comforts individuals by regulating the perceived distance from a loved one. Study 1 confirmed that perceived closeness mediated the positive association between MT and safe/relaxed emotions. Study 2 revealed that induced MT about a partner’s photograph resulted in increased feelings of this person’s presence, which mediated the link between MT and safe/relaxed emotions. The coping potential of MT is discussed.
Dimerization Is Required for the Activity of the Protein Histidine Kinase CheA That Mediates Signal Transduction in Bacterial Chemotaxis (*)

The histidine protein kinase CheA plays an essential role in stimulus-response coupling during bacterial chemotaxis. The kinase is a homodimer that catalyzes the reversible transfer of a γ-phosphoryl group from ATP to the N-3 position of one of its own histidine residues. Kinetic studies of rates of autophosphorylation show a second order dependence on CheA concentrations at submicromolar levels that is consistent with dissociation of the homodimer into inactive monomers. The dissociation was confirmed by chemical cross-linking studies. The dissociation constant (CheA2 ↔ 2CheA; KD = 0.2-0.4 μM) was not affected by nucleotide binding, histidine phosphorylation, or binding of the response regulator, CheY. The turnover number per active site within a dimer (assuming 2 independent sites/dimer) at saturating ATP was approximately 10/min. The kinetics of autophosphorylation and ATP/ADP exchange indicated that the dissociation constants of ATP and ADP bound to CheA were similar (KD values ≈ 0.2-0.3 mM), whereas ATP had a reduced affinity for CheA∼P (KD ≈ 0.8 mM) compared with ADP (KD≈ 0.3 mM). The rates of phosphotransfer from bound ATP to the phosphoaccepting histidine and from the phosphohistidine back to ADP seem to be essentially equal (kcat ≈ 10 min−).
Peyronie's disease: perspectives on therapeutic targets

Introduction: Peyronie's disease (PD) is an acquired benign connective tissue disorder of the penis, characterized by the development of fibrotic plaques, that can cause different degrees of bending, narrowing or shortening. Medical treatment for PD remains a major challenge. Impressive progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of PD pathogenesis has uncovered several promising molecular targets for antifibrotic treatments. Areas covered: This review covers the literature pertaining to the exploration of therapeutic targets for PD. The search included: i) a MEDLINE search from 1941 to January 2011, limited to English-language medical literature, ii) relevant abstracts from 2009 and 2010, iii) relevant textbooks and iv) a pipeline search for therapeutics in development. Expert opinion: Rapid translational research depends on our ability to develop rational therapies targeted to penile tunical fibrosis, which necessitate a sound knowledge of the biology, biochemistry and the physiological role of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and stem cells in PD. Much remains to be learned about the pathogenesis of PD. Although there are many interesting therapeutic targets, we are confronted with some questions when identifying new targets, or when validating potential therapeutic options.
Gauged diffeomorphisms and hidden symmetries in Kaluza–Klein theories

We analyse the symmetries that are realized on the massive Kaluza–Klein modes in generic D-dimensional backgrounds with three non-compact directions. For this, we construct the unbroken phase given by the decompactification limit, in which the higher Kaluza–Klein modes are massless. The latter admits an infinite-dimensional extension of the three-dimensional diffeomorphism group as local symmetry and, moreover, a current algebra associated with together with the diffeomorphism algebra of the internal manifold as global symmetries. It is shown that the ‘broken phase’ can be reconstructed by gauging a certain subgroup of the global symmetries. This deforms the three-dimensional diffeomorphisms to a gauged version, and it is shown that they can be governed by a Chern–Simons theory, which unifies the spin-2 modes with the Kaluza–Klein vectors. This provides a reformulation of D-dimensional Einstein gravity, in which the physical degrees of freedom are described by the scalars of a gauged nonlinear σ-model based on , while the metric appears in a purely topological Chern–Simons form.
Valoración cultural y uso de la fauna silvestre en San Vicente de Benítez, Guerrero, México

Historicamente las comunidades rurales y la fauna silvestre han mantenido una estrecha relacion, basada en un conocimiento tradicional que incluye aspectos biologicos, ecologicos, culturales e historicos de las especies animales, asi como tecnicas de manejo y utilizacion como fuente de alimento o para otros propositos. El objetivo de esta investigacion fue documentar el uso y el valor cultural de la fauna silvestre en la comunidad productora de cafe de San Vicente de Benitez, Guerrero, Mexico, mediante la aplicacion de un cuestionario (n=60), entrevistas semiestructuradas (n=8), un taller participativo y el calculo del indice de importancia cultural, este ultimo basado principalmente en la frecuencia de mencion y en la intensidad de uso senalados para cada especie. Se identificaron 45 especies animales de las que se reportan ocho categorias de uso: alimenticio, ornamental, medicinal, mascota, comercial, mitos y leyendas (cultural), indicador ambiental y cinegetico, siendo el primero de los mas reconocidos. Los animales con mayor importancia cultural fueron: entre las aves Eupsittula canicularis (periquito), Amazona oratrix (cotorra) y Ortalis poliocephala (chachalaca); entre los mamiferos, Odocoileus virginianus (venado cola blanca), Dasypus novemcinctus (armadillo) y Didelphis virginiana (tlacuache) y entre los reptiles, Crotalus durissus (vibora de cascabel), Ctenosaura pectinata (iguana negra) y Kinosternon integrum (tortuga de arroyo). En conjunto, estas especies presentaron la mayor frecuencia de mencion y de uso, lo que representa para la comunidad que los utiliza un recurso importante en su vida cotidiana. Estudiar esa relacion permite comprender la interaccion hombre-naturaleza, usos y presion de uso; asi mismo, a los investigadores y tomadores de decisiones les puede facilitar la identificacion de las especies que requieren mayor proteccion.
RORα and 25-Hydroxycholesterol Crosstalk Regulates Lipid Droplet Homeostasis in Macrophages

Nuclear hormone receptors have important roles in the regulation of metabolic and inflammatory pathways. The retinoid-related orphan receptor alpha (Rorα)-deficient staggerer (sg/sg) mice display several phenotypes indicative of aberrant lipid metabolism, including dyslipidemia, and increased susceptibility to atherosclerosis. In this study we demonstrate that macrophages from sg/sg mice have increased ability to accumulate lipids and accordingly exhibit larger lipid droplets (LD). We have previously shown that BMMs from sg/sg mice have significantly decreased expression of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (Ch25h) mRNA, the enzyme that produces the oxysterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), and now confirm this at the protein level. 25HC functions as an inverse agonist for RORα. siRNA knockdown of Ch25h in macrophages up-regulates Vldlr mRNA expression and causes increased accumulation of LDs. Treatment with physiological concentrations of 25HC in sg/sg macrophages restored lipid accumulation back to normal levels. Thus, 25HC and RORα signify a new pathway involved in the regulation of lipid homeostasis in macrophages, potentially via increased uptake of lipid which is suggested by mRNA expression changes in Vldlr and other related genes.
Effects of environmental cues, satisfaction and affective commitment on extra-role behaviours

Though much research has been devoted to explore the extra-role behaviours (ERBs) in work organisations, little is known about its operation in leisure organisation settings. This research aims to examine whether environmental cues (design, ambient and social factors) in a leisure club provoke satisfaction and affective commitment, and further enact ERBs. A survey was conducted and 287 valid questionnaires were collected. The findings show that ambient and social interaction factors positively relate with satisfaction, design factors do not significantly associate with satisfaction, satisfaction fully mediates the relationship between the ambient factors and the affective commitment and affective commitment mediates the relationship between the satisfaction and the ERBs. Theoretical and managerial implications are provided.
Perceptual Similarities Amongst Novel , 3 D Objects

Similarity has been proposed as a fundamental principle underlying mental object representations and capable of supporting cognitive-level tasks such as categorization. However, much of the research has considered connections between similarity and categorization for tasks performed using a single perceptual modality. Considering similarity and categorization within a multimodal context opens up a number of important questions: Are the similarities between objects the same when they are perceived using different modalities or using more than one modality at a time? Is similarity still able to explain categorization performance when objects are experienced multimodally? In this study, we addressed these questions by having subjects explore novel, 3D objects which varied parametrically in shape and texture using vision alone, touch alone, or touch and vision together. Subjects then performed a pair-wise similarity rating task and a free sorting categorization task. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis of similarity data revealed that a single underlying perceptual map whose dimensions corresponded to shape and texture could explain visual, haptic, and bimodal similarity ratings. However, the relative dimension weights varied according to modality: shape dominated texture when objects were seen, whereas shape and texture were roughly equally important in the haptic and bimodal conditions. Some evidence was found for a multimodal connection between similarity and categorization: the probability of category membership increased with similarity while the probability of a category boundary being placed between two stimuli decreased with similarity. In addition, dimension weights varied according to modality in the same way for both tasks. The study also demonstrates the usefulness of 3D printing technology and MDS techniques in the study of visuohaptic object processing. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Prefix Coding under Siege

A novel lossless source coding paradigm applies to problems in which a vital message needs to be transmitted prior to termination of communications, as in Alfr éd Rényi’s secondhand account of an ancient siege in which information was obtained to prevent the fall of a fortress. Ŕenyi told this story with reference to traditional prefix coding, in which the objective is minimization of expected codeword length. The goal of maximizing probability of survival in the siege scenario is distinct from yet related to this traditional objective. Rather than finding a code minimizing Pn i=1 p(i)l(i), this variant involves maximizing Pn i=1 p(i)θ l(i) for a given θ ∈ (0, 1). A known generalization of Huffman coding solves this, and, for nontrivial θ (θ ∈ (0.5, 1)), the optimal solution has coding bounds which are functions of Rényi’s α-entropy for α = 1/log22θ > 1. A new improvement on known bounds is derived here. When alphabetically constrained, as in search trees and in diagnostic testing of sequential systems, a dynamic programming algorithm finds the optimal solution in O(n) time and O(n) space, whereas two novel approximation algorithms can find a suboptimal solution in linear time (for one) or O(n log n) time (for the other). These approximation algorithms, along with simple associated coding bounds, apply to both the siege scenario and a complementary problem.
Arm and wrist surface potential mapping for wearable ECG rhythm recording devices: a pilot clinical study

This study addresses an important question in the development of a ECG device that enables long term monitoring of cardiac rhythm. This device would utilise edge sensor technologies for dry, non-irritant skin contact suitable for distal limb application and would be supported by embedded ECG denoising processes. Contemporary ECG databases including those provided by MIT-BIH and Physionet are focused on interpretation of cardiac disease and rhythm tracking. The data is recorded using chest leads as in standard clinical practise. For the development of a peripherally located heart rhythm monitor, such data would be of limited use. To provide a useful database adequate for the development of the above mentioned cardiac monitoring device a unipolar body surface potential map from the left arm and wrist was gathered in 37 volunteer patients and characterized in this study. For this, the reference electrode was placed at the wrist. Bipolar far-field electrogram leads were derived and analysed. Factors such as skin variability, 50Hz noise interference, electrode contact noise, motion artifacts and electromyographic noise, presented a challenge. The objective was quantify the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the far-field locations. Preliminary results reveal that an electrogram indicative of the QRS complex can be recorded on the distal portion of the left arm when denoised using signal averaging techniques.