Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The geometry of immersions. I

We hereby announce some general methods for higher order differ­ ential geometry. Our main tools are a generalization of the general position theory of Whitney and Thorn, and a characteristic class theory for higher order bundles having given higher order connec­ tions. The second part of this announcement will deal with applications of this machinery to some problems of geometric singularities. One application will be to count the number of umbilic points on an im­ mersed hypersurface. Full details will appear in a separate publica­ tion. 1. pth order osculating maps. It is known [4] that on each smooth manifold X a sequence of smooth vector bundles { Tk(X)} k-ix. over X can be canonically constructed. TP(X) is called the bundle of pth order tangent vectors over X, and Ti{X) is just the tangent bundle of X. These bundles furthermore satisfy short exact sequences 0 -> Tr-i(X) -> TP(X) -> OTitX") -> 0 where OpTi(X) denotes the p-iold symmetric tensor product of the tangent bundle. It is also known that to each smooth map ƒ between manifolds X and Y there is canonically defined a pth order differential Tp(f)". TP(X)-*TP(Y) which is a homomorphism of smooth vector bundles covering ƒ. For each smooth ƒ there is the following family of commutative diagrams of vector bundles with exact rows, 0 > TP^(X) • TP(X) • 0*Ti(X) > 0
Human fibroblasts expressing hTERT show remarkable karyotype stability even after exposure to ionizing radiation

Ectopic expression of telomerase results in an immortal phenotype in various types of normal cells, including primary human fibroblasts. In addition to its role in telomere lengthening, telomerase has now been found to have various functions, including the control of DNA repair, chromatin modification, and the control of expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation. The investigations on the long-term effects of telomerase expression in normal human fibroblast highlighted that these cells show low frequencies of chromosomal aberrations. In this paper, we describe the karyotypic stability of human fibroblasts immortalized by expression of hTERT. The ectopic overexpression of telomerase is associated with unusual spontaneous as well as radiation-induced chromosome stability. In addition, we found that irradiation did not enhance plasmid integration in cells expressing hTERT, as has been reported for other cell types. Long-term studies illustrated that human fibroblasts immortalized by telomerase show an unusual stability for chromosomes and for plasmid integration sites, both with and without exposure to ionizing radiation. These results confirm a role for telomerase in genome stabilisation by a telomere-independent mechanism and point to the possibility for utilizing hTERT-immortalized normal human cells for the study of gene targeting.
Bedrock geology and economic potential of the Archean Mary River group, northern Baffin Island, Nunavut

Bedrock mapping and prospecting in northern Baffin Island, including parts of NTS map areas 37 E, F, G, and H, has redefined interpretations of the stratigraphy and structure of the Archean Mary River group, surrounding gneiss, and intrusions. In the study area, the Mary River group includes psammite and sedimentary migmatite, amphibolite, ±psammite and sedimentary migmatite, Algoma-type silicateand oxide-facies iron-formation, ±dacite, ±psammite, and quartzite, intruded by late ultramafic and gabbroic sills and dykes. Three episodes of penetrative deformation are recognized and Archean and Proterozoic rocks underwent amphiboliteto granulite-facies regional metamorphism during the ca. 1.8 Ga Hudsonian Orogeny. The youngest regional event, defined as D3, folded metamorphic isograds and pre-D3 fabrics. New economic mineral prospects include 20 m thick magnetite beds within iron-formation, and visible gold and molybdenum in quartz veins. The area also has potential for Ni-Cu-PGE magmatic sulphide mineralization in mafic and ultramafic sills. Current Research 2006-C5 1 S.M. Johns and M.D. Young Résumé : La cartographie du substratum rocheux et les travaux de prospection dans le nord de l’île de Baffin, notamment dans les régions couvertes par des parties des cartes 37 E, F, G et H du SNRC, ont permis d’élaborer de nouvelles interprétations de la stratigraphie et de la structure du groupe de Mary River de l’Archéen, ainsi que des gneiss et des intrusions avoisinants. Dans la région d’étude, le groupe de Mary River se présente comme suit : psammite et migmatite sédimentaire, amphibolite, ± psammite et migmatite sédimentaire, formation de fer de type Algoma à faciès silicaté et oxydé, ± dacite, ± psammite et quartzite. Toutes les unités précédentes sont recoupées par des filons-couches et des dykes ultramafiques et gabbroïques de formation tardive. Trois épisodes de déformation pénétrative sont distingués et les roches de l’Archéen et du Protérozoïque ont subi un métamorphisme régional allant du faciès des amphibolites au faciès des granulites pendant l’orogenèse hudsonienne, à 1,8 Ga environ. L’événement régional le plus récent, attribué à D3, a plissé les isogrades du métamorphisme et les fabriques antérieures à D3. De nouveaux prospects de minéralisations d’intérêt comprennent des lits de magnétite de 20 m d’épaisseur dans la formation de fer, ainsi que de l’or visible et du molybdène dans des filons de quartz. La région recèle en outre un certain potentiel quant aux minéralisations de sulfures magmatiques de Ni-Cu-ÉGP dans des filons-couches mafiques et ultramafiques.
PENGARUH BIOCHAR DAN PUPUK KOMPOS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH (ALLIUM ASCALONICUM L.)

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dikebun Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pangan (BPTP) Lampineung, Banda Aceh, dari bulan Januari sampai dengan Maret 2014. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk mengetahui dosis biochar dan pupuk kompos yang tepat terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah, serta untuk mengetahui nyata tidaknya interaksi antara kedua faktor tersebut. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial 3 x 3 dengan 3 ulangan sehingga terdapat 27 satuan percobaan. Ada 2 faktor yang diteliti, yaitu biochar yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu 10, 20, dan 30 ton/ha dan pupuk kompos yang yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu 10, 20, dan 30 ton//ha.Peubah yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman dan jumlah anakan masing-masing pada umur 15, 30, dan 45 HST, jumlah umbi per rumpun, bobot basah umbi per rumpun, bobot kering umbi per rumpun dan potensi hasil (ton/ha). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian biochar berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman 15 HST, 30 HST, 45 HST, jumlah anakan per rumpun umur 30 HST, dan 45 HST, jumlah umbi per rumpun, bobot basah per rumpun, bobot kering per rumpun dan potensi hasil.Namun berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap jumlah anakan umur 15 HST. Perlakuan terbaik dijumpai pada pemberian biochar 30 ton/ha.Perlakuan pupuk kompos tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan per rumpun, jumlah umbi per rumpun, bobot basah umbi per rumpun, bobot kering umbi per rumpun dan potensi hasil.Tidak terdapat interaksi antara perlakuan biochar dan pupuk kompos terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah.
Image quality assessment of clinically-applied CBCT protocols using a QAT phantom.

OBJECTIVES This study has two main purposes: (1) to evaluate the effect of various clinically applied protocols [changing field of view (FOV), voxel size and tube voltage (kVp)] on CS 9300 CBCT (CareStream SM 749, Rochester, NY) image quality using its quality assurance test (QAT) phantom and (2) to evaluate the efficacy of a newly-designed prototype plugin on ImageJ (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) which was introduced to measure modulation transfer function (MTF) using a modified slanted-edge method. METHODS Using a specifically constructed QAT phantom, five image quality parameters were assessed-image uniformity, signal-to-noise ratio, contrast, position checking and the MTF-for ten variables, clinically applied protocols on a CS 9300 PREMIUM three-dimensional CBCT device. RESULTS With FOV and voxel size fixed, high-dose protocols resulted in less image noise and more uniformity. On the other hand, less image uniformity was achieved with less kVp. Moreover, high-dose protocols resulted in a high contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). There were significant differences in CNR between 60 and 70 kVp as well as between 70 and 90 kVp. Our study identified no difference between MTF and either voxel size or FOV. CONCLUSIONS The image quality of the CS 9300 CBCT varied with variability in exposure protocols and different voxel sizes. The negative association between greater spatial resolution (smaller voxel size) and the MTF shows that the slanted edge method is not ideal for MTF evaluation of CBCT and is therefore not recommended for using it for this purpose.
Klebsiella pneumoniae targets an EGF receptor‐dependent pathway to subvert inflammation

The NF‐κB transcriptional factor plays a key role governing the activation of immune responses. Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important cause of community‐acquired and nosocomial pneumonia. Evidence indicates that K. pneumoniae infections are characterized by lacking an early inflammatory response. Recently, we have demonstrated that Klebsiella antagonizes the activation of NF‐κB via the deubiquitinase CYLD. In this work, by applying a high‐throughput siRNA gain‐of‐function screen interrogating the human kinome, we identified 17 kinases that when targeted by siRNA restored IL‐1β‐dependent NF‐κB translocation in infected cells. Further characterization revealed that K. pneumoniae activates an EGF receptor (EGFR)‐phosphatidylinositol 3‐OH kinase (PI3K)–AKT–PAK4–ERK–GSK3β signalling pathway to attenuate the cytokine‐dependent nuclear translocation of NF‐κB. Our data also revealed that CYLD is a downstream effector of K. pneumoniae‐induced EGFR–PI3K–AKT–PAK4–ERK–GSK3β signalling pathway. Our efforts to identify the bacterial factor(s)responsible for EGFR activation demonstrate that a capsule (CPS) mutant did not activate EGFR hence suggesting that CPS could mediate the activation of EGFR. Supporting this notion, purified CPS did activate EGFR as well as the EGFR‐dependent PI3K–AKT–PAK4–ERK–GSK3β signalling pathway. CPS‐mediated EGFR activation was dependent on a TLR4–MyD88–c‐SRC‐dependent pathway. Several promising drugs have been developed to antagonize this cascade. We propose that agents targeting this signalling pathway might provide selective alternatives for the management of K. pneumoniae pneumonias.
Deep probabilities for age estimation

Human age can provide important demographic information. In this paper, we tackle the estimation of age in face images with probabilities. The design of the proposed method is based on the relative order of age labels in the database. The age estimation problem is transformed into a series of binary classifications achieved by convolution neural network. Each classifier is used to judge whether the age of input image is larger than a certain age and the estimated age is obtained by adding probability values of these classification problems. The proposed method: Deep Probabilities (DP) of facial age shows improvements over direct regression and multi-classification methods.
Algorithms for estimating relative importance in networks

Large and complex graphs representing relationships among sets of entities are an increasingly common focus of interest in data analysis---examples include social networks, Web graphs, telecommunication networks, and biological networks. In interactive analysis of such data a natural query is "which entities are most important in the network relative to a particular individual or set of individuals? " We investigate the problem of answering such queries in this paper, focusing in particular on defining and computing the importance of nodes in a graph relative to one or more root nodes. We define a general framework and a number of different algorithms, building on ideas from social networks, graph theory, Markov models, and Web graph analysis. We experimentally evaluate the different properties of these algorithms on toy graphs and demonstrate how our approach can be used to study relative importance in real-world networks including a network of interactions among September 11th terrorists, a network of collaborative research in biotechnology among companies and universities, and a network of co-authorship relationships among computer science researchers.
CATIE and CUtLASS: can we handle the truth?

Summary Two large, non-commercial clinical trials comparing first- and second-generation antipsychotic drugs for people with chronic schizophrenia in the US and UK have shown unexpected results. In general, the newer drugs were no more effective or better tolerated than the older drugs. Clozapine outperformed other second-generation drugs. The implications are considered.
Gene Expression Contributes to the Recent Evolution of Host Resistance in a Model Host Parasite System

Heritable population differences in immune gene expression following infection can reveal mechanisms of host immune evolution. We compared gene expression in infected and uninfected threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from two natural populations that differ in resistance to a native cestode parasite, Schistocephalus solidus. Genes in both the innate and adaptive immune system were differentially expressed as a function of host population, infection status, and their interaction. These genes were enriched for loci controlling immune functions known to differ between host populations or in response to infection. Coexpression network analysis identified two distinct processes contributing to resistance: parasite survival and suppression of growth. Comparing networks between populations showed resistant fish have a dynamic expression profile while susceptible fish are static. In summary, recent evolutionary divergence between two vertebrate populations has generated population-specific gene expression responses to parasite infection, affecting parasite establishment and growth.
Modality-Specific Axonal Regeneration: Toward Selective Regenerative Neural Interfaces

Regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces have been proposed as viable alternatives for the natural control of robotic prosthetic devices. However, sensory and motor axons at the neural interface are of mixed sub-modality types, which difficult the specific recording from motor axons and the eliciting of precise sensory modalities through selective stimulation. Here we evaluated the possibility of using type specific neurotrophins to preferentially entice the regeneration of defined axonal populations from transected peripheral nerves into separate compartments. Segregation of mixed sensory fibers from dorsal root ganglion neurons was evaluated in vitro by compartmentalized diffusion delivery of nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), to preferentially entice the growth of TrkA+ nociceptive and TrkC+ proprioceptive subsets of sensory neurons, respectively. The average axon length in the NGF channel increased 2.5-fold compared to that in saline or NT-3, whereas the number of branches increased threefold in the NT-3 channels. These results were confirmed using a 3D “Y”-shaped in vitro assay showing that the arm containing NGF was able to entice a fivefold increase in axonal length of unbranched fibers. To address if such segregation can be enticed in vivo, a “Y”-shaped tubing was used to allow regeneration of the transected adult rat sciatic nerve into separate compartments filled with either NFG or NT-3. A significant increase in the number of CGRP+ pain fibers were attracted toward the sural nerve, while N-52+ large-diameter axons were observed in the tibial and NT-3 compartments. This study demonstrates the guided enrichment of sensory axons in specific regenerative chambers, and supports the notion that neurotrophic factors can be used to segregate sensory and perhaps motor axons in separate peripheral interfaces.
Factors determining the precision of the correlated firing generated by a monosynaptic connection in the cat visual pathway

Across the visual pathway, strong monosynaptic connections generate a precise correlated firing between presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. The precision of this correlated firing is not the same within thalamus and visual cortex. While retinogeniculate connections generate a very narrow peak in the correlogram (peak width < 1 ms), the peaks generated by geniculocortical and corticocortical connections have usually a time course of several milliseconds. Several factors could explain these differences in timing precision such as the amplitude of the monosynaptic EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential), its time course or the contribution of polysynaptic inputs. While it is difficult to isolate the contribution of each factor in physiological experiments, a first approximation can be done in modelling studies. Here, we simulated two monosynaptically connected neurons to measure changes in their correlated firing as we independently modified different parameters of the connection. Our results suggest that the precision of the correlated firing generated by strong monosynaptic connections is mostly determined by the EPSP time course of the connection and much less by other factors. In addition, we show that a polysynaptic pathway is unlikely to emulate the correlated firing generated by a monosynaptic connection unless it generates EPSPs with very small latency jitter.
Asynchronous Parallel Algorithms for Nonconvex Big-Data Optimization. Part II: Complexity and Numerical Results

We present complexity and numerical results for a new asynchronous parallel algorithmic method for the minimization of the sum of a smooth nonconvex function and a convex nonsmooth regularizer, subject to both convex and nonconvex constraints. The proposed method hinges on successive convex approximation techniques and a novel probabilistic model that captures key elements of modern computational architectures and asynchronous implementations in a more faithful way than state-of-the-art models. In the companion paper we provided a detailed description on the probabilistic model and gave convergence results for a diminishing stepsize version of our method. Here, we provide theoretical complexity results for a fixed stepsize version of the method and report extensive numerical comparisons on both convex and nonconvex problems demonstrating the efficiency of our approach.
Dynactin, a conserved, ubiquitously expressed component of an activator of vesicle motility mediated by cytoplasmic dynein

Although cytoplasmic dynein is known to attach to microtubules and translocate toward their minus ends, dynein's ability to serve in vitro as a minus end-directed transporter of membranous organelles depends on additional soluble factors. We show here that a approximately 20S polypeptide complex (referred to as Activator I; Schroer, T. A., and M.P. Sheetz. 1991a. J. Cell Biol. 115:1309-1318.) stimulates dynein- mediated vesicle transport. A major component of the activator complex is a doublet of 150-kD polypeptides for which we propose the name dynactin (for dynein activator). The 20S dynactin complex is required for in vitro vesicle motility since depletion of it with a mAb to dynactin eliminates vesicle movement. Cloning of a brain specific isoform of dynactin from chicken reveals a 1,053 amino acid polypeptide composed of two coiled-coil alpha-helical domains interrupted by a spacer. Both this structural motif and the underlying primary sequence are highly conserved in vertebrates with 85% sequence identity within a central 1,000-residue domain of the chicken and rat proteins. As abundant as dynein, dynactin is ubiquitously expressed and appears to be encoded by a single gene that yields at least three alternative isoforms. The probable homologue in Drosophila is the gene Glued, whose protein product shares 50% sequence identity with vertebrate dynactin and whose function is essential for viability of most (and perhaps all) cells in the organism.
A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the combination of capecitabine and docetaxel in patients with advanced solid tumours

Capecitabine and docetaxel are both active against a variety of solid tumours, while their toxicity profiles only partly overlap. This phase I study was performed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and side-effects of the combination, and to establish whether there is any pharmacokinetic interaction between the two compounds. Thirty-three patients were treated with capecitabine administered orally twice daily on days 1–14, and docetaxel given as a 1 h intravenous infusion on day 1. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. The dose of capecitabine ranged from 825 to 1250 mg m−2 twice a day and of docetaxel from 75 to 100 mg m−2. The dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was asthenia grade 2–3 at a dose of 1000 mg m−2 bid of capecitabine combined with docetaxel 100 mg m−2. Neutropenia grade 3–4 was common (68% of courses), but complicated by fever in only 2.4% of courses. Other non-haematological toxicities were mild to moderate. There was no pharmacokinetic interaction between the two drugs. Tumour responses included two complete responses and three partial responses. Capecitabine 825 mg m−2 twice a day plus docetaxel 100 mg m−2 was tolerable, as was capecitabine 1250 mg m−2 twice a day plus docetaxel 75 mg m−2. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign
Immediate effect of Ayres's sensory integration-based occupational therapy intervention on children with autism spectrum disorders.

OBJECTIVE This study examined the effects of Ayres' sensory integration intervention on the behavior and task engagement of young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Clinical observations and caregiver reports of behavior and engagement also were explored to help guide future investigations. METHOD This single-subject study used an ABAB design to compare the immediate effect of Ayres's sensory integration and a play scenario on the undesired behavior and task engagement of 4 children with ASD. RESULTS No clear patterns of change in undesired behavior or task management emerged through objective measurement. Subjective data suggested that each child exhibited positive changes during and after intervention. CONCLUSION When effects are measured immediately after intervention, short-term Ayres's sensory integration does not have a substantially different effect than a play scenario on undesired behavior or engagement of young children with ASD. However, subjective data suggest that Ayres's sensory integration may produce an effect that is evident during treatment sessions and in home environments.