Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary multi-objective optimization for the vendor-managed inventory routing problem

The class of inventory routing problems (IRPs) is present in several areas, including automotive industry and cash management for ATM networks. In the specific case of vendor-managed IRPs, in which the supplier is responsible for managing the product inventory in each client and for properly providing replenishments, the challenge is to determine which retailers should be served, the amount of product that should be delivered to each of these retailers, and which routes the distribution vehicles should follow, so that the associated costs are minimized. Although this is clearly a multi-objective optimization problem, in the literature it has been generally modeled as a single-objective problem, which limits the scope of the obtained results. Therefore, this work presents a multi-objective approach to solve one version of the IRP usually found in the scientific literature, by simultaneously minimizing both the inventory and transportation costs. The method proposed in this work is based on the well-known SPEA2 (Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm) and includes innovative aspects mainly associated with the representation of candidate solutions, genetic operators and local search. The experiments were performed on a set of known benchmark IRPs from the literature, so that the obtained results could be properly compared to the best solution found for the single-objective version of each problem.
Chk1-Dependent S-M Checkpoint Delay in Vertebrate Cells Is Linked to Maintenance of Viable Replication Structures

ABSTRACT We investigated mitotic delay during replication arrest (the S-M checkpoint) in DT40 B-lymphoma cells deficient in the Chk1 or Chk2 kinase. We show here that cells lacking Chk1, but not those lacking Chk2, enter mitosis with incompletely replicated DNA when DNA synthesis is blocked, but only after an initial delay. This initial delay persists when S-M checkpoint failure is induced in Chk2−/− cells with the Chk1 inhibitor UCN-01, indicating that it does not depend on Chk1 or Chk2 activity. Surprisingly, dephosphorylation of tyrosine 15 did not accompany Cdc2 activation during premature entry to mitosis in Chk1−/− cells, although mitotic phosphorylation of cyclin B2 did occur. Previous studies have shown that Chk1 is required to stabilize stalled replication forks during replication arrest, and strikingly, premature mitosis occurs only in Chk1-deficient cells which have lost the capacity to synthesize DNA as a result of progressive replication fork inactivation. These results suggest that Chk1 maintains the S-M checkpoint indirectly by preserving the viability of replication structures and that it is the continued presence of such structures, rather than the activation of Chk1 per se, which delays mitosis until DNA replication is complete.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic From Ecological Stoichiometry to Biochemical Composition: Variation in N and P Supply Alters Key Biosynthetic Rates in Marine Phytoplankton

both the biochemical composition of the species composition of is a pressing in activities large changes in riverine nutrient inputs. in the composition and synthesis of amino acids, fatty acids (FA), and carbohydrates in mixed phytoplankton communities sampled from the North Sea. The communities were cultured in chemostats supplied with different concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorus (DIP) to establish four different types of resource limitations. Diatoms dominated under N-limited, N + P limited and P-limited conditions. Cyanobacteria became dominant in one of the N-limited chemostats and green algae dominated in the one P-limited chemostat and under light-limited conditions. Changes in nutrient availability directly affected amino acid content, which was lowest under N and N + P limitation, higher under P-limitation and highest when light was the limiting factor. Storage carbohydrate content showed the opposite trend and storage FA content seemed to be co-dependent on community composition. The synthesis of essential amino acids was affected under N and N + P limitation, as the transformation from non-essential to essential amino acids decreased at DIN:DIP ≤ 6. The simple community structure and clearly identiﬁable nutrient limitations conﬁrm and clarify previous ﬁeld ﬁndings in the North Sea. Our results show that different phytoplankton groups are capable of adapting their key biosynthetic rates and hence their biochemical composition to different degrees when experiencing shifts in nutrient availability. This will have implications for phytoplankton growth, community structure, and the nutritional quality of phytoplankton as food for higher trophic levels.
Substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons code initiation of a serial pattern: implications for natural action sequences and sequential disorders

Sequences of movements are initiated abnormally in neurological disorders involving basal ganglia dysfunction, such as Parkinson's disease or Tourette's syndrome. The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr) is one of the two primary output structures of the basal ganglia. However, little is known about how substantia nigra mediates the initiation of normal movement sequences. We studied its role in coding initiation of a sequentially stereotyped but natural movement sequence by recording neuronal activity in SNpr during behavioural performance of ‘syntactic grooming chains’. These are rule‐governed sequences of up to 25 grooming movements emitted in four predictable (syntactic) phases, which occur spontaneously during grooming behaviour by rats and other rodents. Our results show that neuronal activation in central SNpr codes the onset of this entire rule‐governed sequential pattern of grooming actions, not elemental grooming movements. We conclude that the context of sequential pattern may be more important than the elemental motor parameters in determining SNpr neuronal activation.
Distinct and Overlapping Correlates of Psychological and Physical Partner Violence Perpetration

Despite its high prevalence, adverse impact, and potential significance in understanding the onset of physical partner violence (PV), there has been surprisingly scant research on psychological PV perpetration. The present research, guided by social learning and attachment theories, addresses this gap in the literature by examining overlapping and distinct correlates for psychological and physical PV perpetration in emerging adults. Undergraduates (N = 504) with current or recent dating experience were recruited to complete a self-report survey. The survey included measures of emotional and physical child maltreatment, witnessing physical family violence, insecure attachment, hostility, and anger. The sample was 63% female and racially and ethnically diverse (50% non-White, non-Hispanic, or Hispanic of any race). Insecure attachment and anger, but not hostility or child maltreatment, were uniquely correlated with psychological PV, whereas only physical child maltreatment and witnessing physical family violence were unique correlates for physical PV. Neither emotional nor physical child maltreatment potentiated relations between insecure attachment, hostility, or anger and either form of PV. Although females were more likely to perpetrate psychological and physical PV, correlates for each form of PV did not vary by gender. The relations between physical child maltreatment and physical PV are consistent with a social learning theory explanation for physical PV. Insecure attachment and anger appear to be particularly important correlates for psychological, but not physical, PV. Thus, psychological and physical PV may have distinct risk profiles and may require different intervention targets.
Glutamate and glutamine measured with 4.0 T proton MRS in never-treated patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers.

OBJECTIVE This in vivo (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study examined levels of glutamate, glutamine, and N-acetylaspartate in patients experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia. METHOD Localized in vivo (1)H spectra were acquired at 4.0 T from the left anterior cingulate and thalamus of 21 never-treated patients with schizophrenia and 21 comparable healthy volunteers. RESULTS The level of glutamine was significantly higher in the left anterior cingulate cortex and thalamus of the patients with schizophrenia than in the healthy subjects. No differences were found between groups in the levels of other metabolites in the anterior cingulate or thalamus. CONCLUSIONS Higher than normal glutamine levels in the left anterior cingulate and thalamus provide in vivo evidence of greater than normal glutamatergic activity proposed by glutamatergic models of schizophrenia. In contrast to other studies in chronically ill patients, no differences were seen in the levels of N-acetylaspartate in either location, suggesting that the findings in patients with chronic schizophrenia may be related to the effect of medication or the progression of the illness.
Hospitalizations in pediatric patients with immune thrombocytopenia in the United States

Abstract To examine utilization and outcomes in pediatric immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) hospitalizations, we used ICD-9 code 287.31 to identify hospitalizations in patients with ITP in the 2009 HCUP KID, an all-payer sample of pediatric hospitalizations from US community hospitals. Diagnosis and procedure codes were used to estimate rates of ITP-related procedures, comorbidity prevalence, costs, length of stay (LOS), and mortality. In 2009, there were an estimated 4499 hospitalizations in children aged 6 months–17 years with ITP; 43% in children aged 1–5 years; and 47% with emergency department encounters. The mean hospitalization cost was $5398, mean LOS 2.0 days, with 0.3% mortality (n = 13). With any bleeding (15.2%, including gastrointestinal 2.0%, hematuria 1.3%, intracranial hemorrhage [ICH] 0.6%), mean hospitalization cost was $7215, LOS 2.5 days, with 1.5% mortality. For ICH (0.6%, n = 27), mean cost was $40 209, LOS 8.5 days, with 21% mortality. With infections (14%, including upper respiratory 5.2%, viral 4.9%, bacterial 1.9%), the mean cost was $6928, LOS 2.9 days, with 0.9% mortality. Septic shock was reported in 0.3% of discharges. Utilization included immunoglobulin administration (37%) and splenectomies (2.3%). Factors associated with higher costs included age >6 years, ICH, hematuria, transfusion, splenectomy, and bone marrow diagnostics (p < 0.05). In conclusion, of the 4499 hospitalizations with ITP, mortality rates of 1.5%, 21%, and 0.9% were seen with any bleeding, ICH, and infection, respectively. Higher costs were associated with clinically significant bleeding and procedures. Future analyses may reveal effects of the implementation of more recent ITP guidelines and use of additional treatments.
Reproducibility of Determining Anaerobic Capacity Using Treadmill Ergometry~!2009-03-05~!2009-06-16~!2009-08-10~!

To implement a method measuring anaerobic capacity within the field of training control, the reproducibility of the results is of deciding significance. In this study, we examined the test-retest-reliability of the most commonly used method for measuring anaerobic capacity to date, modified according to Monod and Scherrer, on a motorized treadmill. Ten healthy, athletically active, male participants carried out two defined test series of each three sprint tests with an interval of one week. The work output of each participant and test series was calculated from this data. These results, as well as the running time of the sprint tests were graphically plotted using a work-exhaustion-time-diagram. After calculating a linear regression, the point of intersection of the regression line with the y-axis (y-intercept) was defined as the measure of anaerobic capacity (AC). The mean AC determined from the first sprint test series was 1.4 ± 0.8KJ and from the second sprint test series 1.2 ± 0.06KJ. The AC shows a mean difference of 18.4% (95% CI: 10.5 - 26.4), which is statistically significantly higher (p=0.004) than a tolerable mean difference level of 5%. Based on this difference, the described method does not seem suitable as a training control in competitive sport. This method, however, could be implemented for talent sighting.
EFEKTIVITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN ARIAS BERBASIS CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENCAPAIAN KOMPETENSI DASAR SAINS PADA SISWA SMP KOTA PONTIANAK

Pencapaian kompetensi dasar sains wajib dikuasai siswa. Oleh karena itu perlu suatu upaya untuk meningkatkannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas model pembelajaran ARIAS berbasis kontekstual (contextual teaching and learning/CTL) dalam meningkatkan pencapaian kompetensi dasar Sains pada siswa SMP. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan bentuk penelitian semu (Quasy Eksperiment Design). Dengan rancangan Pretest-postest Nonequivalent Countrol Group. Analisis data menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dengan menggunakan uji-t untuk melihat perbedaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dalam pencapaian kompetensi siswa pada konsep Sistem Eksresi pada Manusia yang telah diajar dengan model pembelajaran ARIAS berbasis kontekstual dan siswa yang diajar dengan konvensianal. Secara statistik dapat dinyatakan thitung ? t tabel ( 3,12 > 1,73). Dengan model ARIAS dapat meningkatkan daya ingat siswa, dan dapat memberikan kontribusi yang berarti.
Birth Outcomes of Children Born to Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

AIM The aim of the study was to estimate the possible risk of adverse birth outcomes of children born to mothers with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS The dataset of large population-based Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance System of Congenital Abnormalities from 1980-1996 was evaluated including 22,843 cases with congenital abnormalities and 38,151 matched controls without any defect. RESULTS 36 cases (0.16%) had mothers with RA, while 68 controls (0.18%) were born to mothers without RA (OR=0.9, 95% CI=0.3-1.6). A higher risk for congenital abnormalities in the offspring of pregnant women with RA was not found. In fact there was a larger mean birth weight in the newborns without any defect of mothers with RA and it was associated with a somewhat lower rate of low birth weight. CONCLUSIONS RA seems to have a beneficial effect not only for pregnant women but for their foetuses as well.
A strong quantitative trait locus for wing length on chromosome 2 in a wild population of great reed warblers

Wing length is a key character for essential behaviours related to bird flight such as migration and foraging. In the present study, we initiate the search for the genes underlying wing length in birds by studying a long-distance migrant, the great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus). In this species wing length is an evolutionary interesting trait with pronounced latitudinal gradient and sex-specific selection regimes in local populations. We performed a quantitative trait locus (QTL) scan for wing length in great reed warblers using phenotypic, genotypic, pedigree and linkage map data from our long-term study population in Sweden. We applied the linkage analysis mapping method implemented in GridQTL (a new web-based software) and detected a genome-wide significant QTL for wing length on chromosome 2, to our knowledge, the first detected QTL in wild birds. The QTL extended over 25 cM and accounted for a substantial part (37%) of the phenotypic variance of the trait. A genome scan for tarsus length (a body-size-related trait) did not show any signal, implying that the wing-length QTL on chromosome 2 was not associated with body size. Our results provide a first important step into understanding the genetic architecture of avian wing length, and give opportunities to study the evolutionary dynamics of wing length at the locus level.
Voices of Vlogging

Vlogs have rapidly evolved from the ’chat from your bedroom’ format to a highly creative form of expression and communication. However, despite the high popularity of vlogging, automatic analysis of conversational vlogs have not been attempted in the literature. In this paper, we present a novel analysis of conversational vlogs based on the characterization of vloggers’ nonverbal behavior. We investigate the use of four nonverbal cues extracted automatically from the audio channel to measure the behavior of vloggers and explore the relation to their degree of popularity and that of their videos. Our study is validated on over 2200 videos and 150 hours of data, and shows that one nonverbal cue (speaking time) is correlated with levels of popularity with a medium size effect.
From psychoanalysis to schizoanalysis: Chaos and complexity in therapeutic practice.

Human life is engaged in a continual process of mapping and modelling the external universe. From the immediate level of sensation to more abstract forms of emotional and cognitive mapping, the human organism builds a web of inner experience which forms the basis for the construction/perception of "reality. " This act of learning forms the genetic, neural, linguistic, and social programing by which individual and collective subjectivity is constructed. Theories in philosophy and science are simply more abstract higher- level models of reality akin to our neuro-semantic mappings. They are similar to cultural, artistic, and religious stories in that their modelling includes not only process but the organized gestalt of content which endows the model with meaning in inner experience. If we move to a higher level of modeling by metamodeling we can understand how various theories of human life have mapped reality. The transversal linking of various theories or models allows us to create clearer maps about process and to transcend the differences resulting from content which supply meaning to inner subjectivity and which organize theories, disciplines, and practices like religious belief systems. Schizoanalytic metamodeling engages this transversal process of communication by which two or more different perspectives of the real - two or more subjectivities or realities - are transcended by moving to the next higher logical level in a nested hierarchy of organization. Schizoanalysis was one of the names Felix Guattari and Gilles Deleuze gave to their lifelong project of reinventing psychoanalysis and therapeutic practice and extending it into the material and social field. By giving a name to this practice and outlining its essence they began to gather together the work of various clinicians, artists, philosophers, and scientists who - though isolated - were already engaged in such a project of transforming human experience and whose history has just begun to be told. The present work continues the development of schizoanalysis as a clinical and cultural practice.
Live video classroom observation: an effective approach to reducing reactivity in collecting observational information for teacher professional development

This paper examines the significance of live video classroom observations of teaching practice to reduce reactivity (the observer effect) so as to obtain more credible observational information for teacher professional development in a secondary school in the largest city in southern China. Although much has been discussed regarding the use of remote live video classroom observation for professional development, the advantage of remote live video classroom observation in reducing reactivity has often been overlooked. Using the case study method, the research reported here focuses on two components: conducting live video classroom observation and the use of the live video classroom observation in reducing reactivity. This paper suggests that live video classroom observation is effective in reducing reactivity and helps avoid subjective judgement and increase feedback sources, thus providing a solution to compensate for the limitations of traditional classroom observations.
Social Organization: A Study of the Larger Mind

This classic text has set a standard for American sociol-ogy. Cooley provides analysis without empiricism, applying psychological insight to his study of the individual and collective self. First published in 1909, this work attempts to motivate man and society to be more responsible to each other. "The style of his book is clear and attractive, the text abounding in happy quotation. "--"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science"
Innate immunity in inflammatory bowel disease: a disease hypothesis

Crohn's disease arises from a defective interaction between the highly concentrated mass of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract and the underlying tissues. It has generally been believed to result from an excessively exuberant inflammatory response or from ‘autoimmunity’. Recent evidence has emerged that the problem is instead a failure of the way in which the body responds to the penetration of bacteria and other bowel contents through the intestinal mucosal barrier. Rather than Crohn's disease being caused by excessive inflammation, the primary mechanism is actually that of an immunodeficiency. Failure of inflammatory mediator production leads to insufficient recruitment of neutrophils, resulting in inadequate removal of bacteria and other debris. This impairment of acute inflammation can be compensated in some circumstances by signalling through NOD2. If not cleared, the foreign material in the bowel wall is taken up within macrophages, eliciting a granulomatous reaction and the local and systemic sequelae so characteristic of Crohn's disease. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paracrine Loop of Keratinocyte Proliferation and Directed Neuritic Outgrowth in a Neuroepithelial Coculture

AbstractIn the absence of skin innervation, wound healing is delayed and chronic nonhealing wounds may occur. Keratinocytes produce neurotrophic factors, such as nerve growth factor (NGF), which has been suggested to attract primary cutaneous afferent axons and exert mitogenic effects on keratinocytes. The present study was performed to examine the interaction of primary human keratinocytes (hKTs) and rat cutaneous primary afferent dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons with regard to neuritic outgrowth and keratinocyte proliferation. Neuritic outgrowth was assessed with neurofilament immunostaining where cell bodies and fine neuritic processes were identified. Neuritic outgrowth of neurons alone in culture is spatially random and radial. Neurites in cocultures of DRG neurons insinuated between the hKTs and grew to “clumps” of hKTs within the cultures. Immunostaining with anti-NGF antibody indicates that hKTs expressed the neurotrophin NGF. Proliferation of keratinocytes was significantly enhanced in coculture with DRG and hKT, and NGF levels were increased as compared to DRG or hKT culture alone. These results indicate a dynamic interaction between DRG neurons and hKTs whereby the DRG neurons issue neurites in association with hKTs and the hKTs up-regulate NGF and increase their proliferation rate. These findings support the hypothesis that nerve-skin interactions play a significant role in wound healing.