Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phase 3 Trials of Ixekizumab in Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis.

n engl j med 375;21 nejm.org November 24, 2016 2101 the threshold for minimal residual disease, and longer survival with inotuzumab ozogamicin than with standard care. More patients in the safety population underwent post-trial transplantation after receipt of inotuzumab ozogamicin than after standard care and before any follow-up induction treatment (45 of 139 patients [32%] vs. 14 of 120 [12%]). The median duration from the receipt of the last dose of therapy to transplantation was shorter with inotuzumab ozogamicin than with standard care (31.0 days [range, 9 to 135] vs. 54.0 days [range, 28 to 130]). Additional data, now available for the 326 patients who underwent randomization by January 2015, show that more patients in the expanded safety population underwent transplantation after receipt of inotuzumab ozogamicin than after standard care and before any follow-up induction treatment (71 of 164 patients [43%] vs. 18 of 143 [13%]). Among patients who received inotuzumab ozogamicin, 13 of 60 patients (22%) who underwent transplantation 2 months or less after receipt of the last dose and 2 of 11 (18%) who underwent transplantation more than 2 months after receipt of the last dose had veno-occlusive disease. The median duration from the receipt of the last dose of therapy to transplantation was again shorter with inotuzumab ozogamicin than with standard care (34.0 days [range, 9 to 135] vs. 55.5 days [28 to 188]). Notably, in a univariate analysis, the duration from the receipt of the last dose of therapy to transplantation was not a significant risk factor for veno-occlusive disease; multivariate analysis confirmed the use of a dualalkylator conditioning regimen as a significant risk factor.
An i-vector Based Approach to Acoustic Sniffing for Irrelevant Variability Normalization Based Acoustic Model Training and Speech Recognition

This paper presents a new approach to acoustic snifﬁng for irrelevant variability normalization (IVN) based acoustic model training and speech recognition. Given a training corpus, a so-called i-vector is extracted from each training speech segment. A clustering algorithm is used to cluster the training i-vectors into multiple clusters, each corresponding to an acoustic condition. The acoustic snifﬁng can then be implemented as ﬁnd-ing the most similar cluster by comparing the i-vector extracted from a speech segment with the centroid of each cluster. Experimental results on Switchboard-1 conversational telephone speech transcription task suggest that the i-vector based acoustic snifﬁng outperforms our previous Gaussian mixture model (GMM) based approach. The proposed approach is very efﬁcient therefore can deal with very large scale training corpus on current mainstream computing platforms, yet has very low run-time cost.
Relationships between cortical myeloarchitecture and electrophysiological networks

Significance This paper identifies a significant relationship between cortical myeloarchitecture and functional connectivity in the human brain. This is a significant step toward understanding the role of myelin in shaping large-scale neural networks. Our results extend recent work showing that electrical activity promotes myelination and add significant weight to the argument that neural oscillations are a core mediator of brain connectivity. The human brain relies upon the dynamic formation and dissolution of a hierarchy of functional networks to support ongoing cognition. However, how functional connectivities underlying such networks are supported by cortical microstructure remains poorly understood. Recent animal work has demonstrated that electrical activity promotes myelination. Inspired by this, we test a hypothesis that gray-matter myelin is related to electrophysiological connectivity. Using ultra-high field MRI and the principle of structural covariance, we derive a structural network showing how myelin density differs across cortical regions and how separate regions can exhibit similar myeloarchitecture. Building upon recent evidence that neural oscillations mediate connectivity, we use magnetoencephalography to elucidate networks that represent the major electrophysiological pathways of communication in the brain. Finally, we show that a significant relationship exists between our functional and structural networks; this relationship differs as a function of neural oscillatory frequency and becomes stronger when integrating oscillations over frequency bands. Our study sheds light on the way in which cortical microstructure supports functional networks. Further, it paves the way for future investigations of the gray-matter structure/function relationship and its breakdown in pathology.
THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF DIE CASTING TO CASTING POROSITY

The article deals with the research of the influence of selected technological parameters of die casting on the internal structure of die-casts based on Al-Si alloys. Among the chosen technological parameters of die casting is pressing piston speed and holding pressure. Examined castings internal structure is defined by the percentage of porosity. The article described the course design and preparation of metallographic samples to be investigated by optical microscopy. The measured values are given in tabular and graphical form. At the end of the evaluation is shown the impact of individual parameters on the internal structure and quality of the castings.
Thermal Properties of Particle Brush Materials: Effect of Polymer Graft Architecture on the Glass Transition Temperature in Polymer‐Grafted Colloidal Systems

Summary The governing parameters controlling the glass transition temperature of polymer-grafted particle systems are analyzed for the particular case of polystyrene (PS)-grafted silica colloids in the dense grafting limit. At a given degree of polymerization of surface-grafted chains the glass transition temperature is found to increase as compared to linear chain polymers of equivalent degree of polymerization. The difference in the glass transition temperature between polymer-grafted particle systems and their respective linear polymer analogs increases with decreasing degree of polymerization of surface-grafted chains and levels off at similar plateau values for particle brushes of distinct particle core size. The trend toward increased glass transition temperature is interpreted as a consequence of the increased steric hindrance in polymer-grafted particles that counteracts the relaxation of surface-grafted polymer chains. The increase in glass transition temperature is shown to be approximately consistent with the chain conformational regimes that are predicted on the basis of a Daoud-Cotton type scaling model.
Diet affects arctic ground squirrel gut microbial metatranscriptome independent of community structure

We examined the effect of diet on pre-hibernation fattening and the gut microbiota of captive arctic ground squirrels (Urocitellus parryii). We measured body composition across time and gut microbiota density, diversity and function prior to and after five-weeks on control, high-fat, low-fat (18%, 40% and 10% energy from fat, respectively), or restricted calorie (50% of control) diets. Squirrels fattened at the same rate and to the same degree on all diets. Additionally, we found no differences in gut microbiota diversity or short chain fatty acid production across time or with diet. Analysis of the gut microbial transcriptome indicated differences in community function among diet groups, but not across time, and revealed shifts in the relative contribution of function at a taxonomic level. Our results demonstrate that pre-hibernation fattening of arctic ground squirrels is robust to changes in diet and is accomplished by more than increased food intake. Although our analyses did not uncover a definitive link between host fattening and the gut microbiota, and suggest the squirrels may possess a gut microbial community structure that is unresponsive to dietary changes, studies manipulating diet earlier in the active season may yet uncover a relationship between host diet, fattening and gut microbiota.
Late adulthood mortality among African‐American and white American people with Type 1 diabetes according to age at diabetes diagnosis

To estimate the overall and cause‐specific mortality in a population of African‐Americans and white Americans with a low socio‐economic status who had young‐onset insulin‐treated diabetes and had survived beyond the age of 40 years, and to examine whether any excess risk varied according to age at diabetes onset.
Ploidy in gynaecological cancers

Ploidy in gynaecological cancers has usually been assessed by flow cytometry, whilst static image cytometry has been used much less commonly. There is a good correlation between ploidy results obtained from flow and static image cytometry, whilst the static image technique also allows for the identification of small subpopulations of aneuploid tumour cells that may be missed on flow cytometry and has the further advantage that tissue morphology is retained. It is therefore possible, indeed probable, that static image cytometry will be more widely utilized in the future, but most reported studies of ploidy in gynaecological tumours have been based upon flow cytometric data. However, the technique has well-known pitfalls and difficulties and can detect DNA aneuploidy only if a significant proportion of the tumour cells have lost or duplicated several chromosomes. Other variables that have to be taken into consideration are the method of extraction and staining of the nuclei, delays in tissue fixation, intraand interlaboratory variability, the minimum number and proportion of tumour cells analysed, the choice of the reference cell population, the programme for debris correction and, very importantly, tumour heterogeneity. Furthermore, the interpretation of DNA histograms is not always straightforward, for there is a grey area between DNA diploidy and DNA aneuploidy and it can be difficult to define what constitutes a true diploid histogram and when aneuploidy begins. Although these difficulties can be overcome, their neglect must be an important factor in the conflicting results that occur with disturbing frequency in the literature on the value of ploidy determination in gynaecological cancer. Ovarian carcinoma
Uterine fibroids: current perspectives

Uterine fibroids are a major cause of morbidity in women of a reproductive age (and sometimes even after menopause). There are several factors that are attributed to underlie the development and incidence of these common tumors, but this further corroborates their relatively unknown etiology. The most likely presentation of fibroids is by their effect on the woman’s menstrual cycle or pelvic pressure symptoms. Leiomyosarcoma is a very rare entity that should be suspected in postmenopausal women with fibroid growth (and no concurrent hormone replacement therapy). The gold standard diagnostic modality for uterine fibroids appears to be gray-scale ultrasonography, with magnetic resonance imaging being a close second option in complex clinical circumstances. The management of uterine fibroids can be approached medically, surgically, and even by minimal access techniques. The recent introduction of selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) and aromatase inhibitors has added more armamentarium to the medical options of treatment. Uterine artery embolization (UAE) has now been well-recognized as a uterine-sparing (fertility-preserving) method of treating fibroids. More recently, the introduction of ultrasound waves (MRgFUS) or radiofrequency (VizAblate™ and Acessa™) for uterine fibroid ablation has added to the options of minimal access treatment. More definite surgery in the form of myomectomy or hysterectomy can be performed via the minimal access or open route methods. Our article seeks to review the already established information on uterine fibroids with added emphasis on contemporary knowledge.
Mothers’ Implicit Appraisals of Their Adolescents as Unlovable: Explanatory Factor Linking Family Conflict and Harsh Parenting

This study examined the consequences of negative change in mothers’ implicit appraisals of their adolescents after engaging in a family disagreement. Participants included 194 mothers and their early adolescents (Mage = 12.4 at Wave 1; 50% female) followed over 1 year. Mothers’ implicit appraisals of her child as “unlovable” were assessed using the Go/No-Go Association Task–Child (Sturge-Apple, Rogge, Skibo, et al., 2015), an associative word-sorting task, before and after engaging in a family conflict task. Mothers’ implicit appraisals, on average, did not become more negative following conflicts with their teen. However, substantial variability was evident, suggesting that important individual differences exist in mothers’ cognitive reactivity to conflict. Greater susceptibility to implicit change predicted more harsh and insensitive parenting in response to their adolescents’ bids for support 1 year later. This effect held over and above mothers’ emotional reactivity to the conflict, their explicit negative attitudes about their adolescent, and maternal harshness at Time 1. Harsh and insensitive parenting, in turn, mediated the link between maternal implicit reactivity and subsequent increases in adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems. The results suggest that individual differences in maternal susceptibility to changes in implicit appraisals following conflictual interactions serve as a unique determinant of parenting in adolescence.
Intravenously Transplanted Human Bone Marrow Endothelial Progenitor Cells Engraft Within Brain Capillaries, Preserve Mitochondrial Morphology, and Display Pinocytotic Activity Toward Blood‐Brain Barrier Repair in Ischemic Stroke Rats

Stroke is a life‐threatening disease with limited therapeutic options. Cell therapy has emerged as an experimental stroke treatment. Blood‐brain barrier (BBB) impairment is a key pathological manifestation of ischemic stroke, and barrier repair is an innovative target for neurorestoration in stroke. Here, we evaluated via electron microscopy the ability of transplanted human bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells (hBMEPCs) to repair the BBB in adult Sprague‐Dawley rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). β‐galactosidase prelabeled hBMEPCs were intravenously transplanted 48 hours post‐tMCAO. Ultrastructural analysis of microvessels in nontransplant stroke rats revealed typical BBB pathology. At 5 days post‐transplantation with hBMEPCs, stroke rats displayed widespread vascular repair in bilateral striatum and motor cortex, characterized by robust cell engraftment within capillaries. hBMEPC transplanted stroke rats exhibited near normal morphology of endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes, and astrocytes, without detectable perivascular edema. Near normal morphology of mitochondria was also detected in ECs and perivascular astrocytes from transplanted stroke rats. Equally notable, we observed numerous pinocytic vesicles within engrafted cells. Robust engraftment and intricate functionality of transplanted hBMEPCs likely abrogated stroke‐altered vasculature. Preserving mitochondria and augmenting pinocytosis in cell‐based therapeutics represent a new neurorestorative mechanism in BBB repair for stroke. Stem Cells 2017;35:1246–1258
Study on the properties of palm oil fiber

This study investigated the strength and durability of Palm Oil Fiber Reinforced Concrete (POFRC). Two POFRC mixes with two different content and length of palm oil fiber (POF) were used. Specimen PF1 contained 0.50% POF of 3 cm length while specimen PF2 contained 0.25% POF of 5 cm length. The strength and durability of both specimens were compared with a control mix, P0. The concrete specimens were cured in water for 28 days, before immersing them in 1% hydrochloric acid solution for 1800 hours. The durability of POFRC against acid attack was evaluated by the loss of weight and compressive strength. In this paper, the attack of chloride ions on specimens immersed in 3% sodium chloride solution using the colorimetric method was studied. After 7, 28 and 90 days curing, the progressive deterioration was evaluated through spraying of 0.2N silver nitrate solution on the split cylinders and by visual inspection. Microanalyses were conducted upon test termination to elucidate the damage mechanisms using FESEM and EDX analysis. In most cases, PF1, which had the highest fiber content (0.5%) did not give good results while PF2 showed good performance against deteriorations compared to the control mix, P0.
Sequence and structural diversity of mouse Y chromosomes

Over the 180 million years since their origin, the sex chromosomes of mammals have evolved a gene repertoire highly specialized for function in the male germline. The mouse Y chromosome is unique among mammalian Y chromosomes characterized to date in that it is large, gene-rich and euchromatic. Yet little is known about its diversity in natural populations. Here we take advantage of published whole-genome sequencing data to survey the diversity of sequence and copy number of sex-linked genes in three subspecies of house mice. Copy number of genes on the repetitive long arm of both sex chromosomes is highly variable, but sequence diversity in non-repetitive regions is decreased relative to expectations based on autosomes. We use simulations and theory to show that this reduction in sex-linked diversity is incompatible with neutral demographic processes alone, but is consistent with recent positive selection on genes active during spermatogenesis. Our results support the hypothesis that the mouse sex chromosomes are engaged in ongoing intragenomic conflict.
Correlates of High-Risk and Low-Risk Alcohol Use among College Students in Kerala, India

ABSTRACT This study describes the prevalence and correlates of alcohol use among college students in Ernakulam, Kerala State, India. A total of 5784 students from 58 colleges selected by stratified random sampling completed a questionnaire incorporating standardized instruments. The prevalence of lifetime alcohol use was 21.4% with a male predominance. Among users, low-risk, hazardous, and dependent use were 80.2%, 18.3% and 0.9% respectively. Initiation was mostly with friends (45.3%). Both low-risk and high-risk alcohol users (hazardous and dependent users), in comparison to abstainers, had higher odds of being older, non-Muslim, having a part-time job, using other substances, and exposure to sexual abuse. Students who reported low-risk use also had an urban background, more severe psychological distress and suicidal thoughts, while high-risk users had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Students who reported high-risk use compared to low-risk users had higher odds of having a part-time job, tobacco use, and ADHD symptoms. Alcohol use among college students is common, with both low- and high-risk drinking associated with significant morbidity. This study highlights the need to promote public health policies to target and prevent all patterns of alcohol use among young people.
Stability of friction fade-out at polymer-like carbon films slid by ZrO2 pins under alcohol-vapored hydrogen gas environment

Friction tests using ZrO2 (Y-PSZ: yttria partially stabilized zirconia) pin slid against polymer-like carbon film of bilayer and multilayer structures under H2 gas environment are conducted. It will be shown that friction coefficients of the level of 0.0001 (friction fade-out) is stably realized by adding alcohol vapors to H2 gas during run-in stage, then by stepping up the load from 19.8 N to 63.7 N after run-in stage. Four kinds of vapors of alcohol aqueous solutions are tested using bilayer samples, and ethanol-vapored H2 gas shows the longest friction fade-out duration. Polymer-like carbon/diamond-like carbon multilayer sample shows long-life friction fade-out of 4 h, and it will be shown that the friction trace of 4 h reflects wear process of the first layer of polymer-like carbon and the second layer of diamond-like carbon. ZrO2 surface is observed by an optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy and measured by surface profiler after friction fade-out test, and it is shown that flat contact area at the central region has many blisters and crimps, and is surrounded by peripheral bumps. It is also shown that the sliding marks are seen only at the top of crimps at the central region. Raman measurements indicate that short-chain carbons are predominant at blisters and ring carbons of small clusters are predominant at bumps. With these observations friction fade-out mechanism is discussed.
In vivo amelioration of endogenous antitumor autoantibodies via low-dose P4N through the LTA4H/activin A/BAFF pathway

Significance This study finds that a small-molecule drug (P4N) is able to inhibit tumor growth by augmentation of endogenous antitumor autoantibodies (EAAs). We show that the enhancement of EAA activity by P4N is mediated through activation of the leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H)/activin A/B-cell activating factor (BAFF) pathway, revealing a valuable method for developing new immune modulators of tumor growth via humoral immunity. Typically, the effects of the humoral response on tumor inhibition are modest; however, the results of this study demonstrate that by removing the impediment to cancer cell destruction posed by low-activity autoantibodies, the realization of new, more potent immunotherapies for cancer treatment may be possible. Cancer progression is associated with the development of antitumor autoantibodies in patients’ sera. Although passive treatment with antitumor antibodies has exhibited remarkable therapeutic efficacy, inhibitory effects on tumor progression by endogenous antitumor autoantibodies (EAAs) have been limited. In this study, we show that P4N, a derivative of the plant lignan nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), enhanced the production of EAAs and inhibited tumor growth at low noncytotoxic concentrations via its immunoregulatory activity. Intratumoral injection of P4N improved the quantity and quality of EAAs, and passive transfer of P4N-induced EAAs dramatically suppressed lung metastasis formation and prolonged the survival of mice inoculated with metastatic CT26 tumor cells. P4N-induced EAAs specifically recognized two surface antigens, 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and F1F0 ATP synthase, on the plasma membrane of cancer cells. Additionally, P4N treatment led to B-cell proliferation, differentiation to plasma cells, and high titers of autoantibody production. By serial induction of autocrine and paracrine signals in monocytes, P4N increased B-cell proliferation and antibody production via the leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H)/activin A/B-cell activating factor (BAFF) pathway. This mechanism provides a useful platform for studying and seeking a novel immunomodulator that can be applied in targeting therapy by improving the quantity and quality of the EAAs.