Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of squeezed states under the Fock-Darwin Hamiltonian

We develop a complete analytical description of the time evolution of squeezed states of a charged particle under the Fock-Darwin (FD) Hamiltonian and a time-dependent electric field. This result generalizes a relation obtained by Infeld and Pleba\ifmmode \acute{n}\else \'{n}\fi{}ski for states of the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator. We relate the evolution of a state-vector subjected to squeezing to that of state which is not subjected to squeezing and for which the time evolution under the simple harmonic oscillator dynamics is known (e.g., an eigenstate of the Hamiltonian). A corresponding relation is also established for the Wigner functions of the states, in view of their utility in the analysis of cold-ion experiments. In Appendix A, we compute the response functions of the FD Hamiltonian to an external electric field, using the same techniques as in the main text.
Climate over past millennia

We review evidence for climate change over the past several millennia from instrumental and high‐resolution climate “proxy” data sources and climate modeling studies. We focus on changes over the past 1 to 2 millennia. We assess reconstructions and modeling studies analyzing a number of different climate fields, including atmospheric circulation diagnostics, precipitation, and drought. We devote particular attention to proxy‐based reconstructions of temperature patterns in past centuries, which place recent large‐scale warming in an appropriate longer‐term context. Our assessment affirms the conclusion that late 20th century warmth is unprecedented at hemispheric and, likely, global scales. There is more tentative evidence that particular modes of climate variability, such as the El Niño/Southern Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation, may have exhibited late 20th century behavior that is anomalous in a long‐term context. Regional conclusions, particularly for the Southern Hemisphere and parts of the tropics where high‐resolution proxy data are sparse, are more circumspect. The dramatic differences between regional and hemispheric/global past trends, and the distinction between changes in surface temperature and precipitation/drought fields, underscore the limited utility in the use of terms such as the “Little Ice Age” and “Medieval Warm Period” for describing past climate epochs during the last millennium. Comparison of empirical evidence with proxy‐based reconstructions demonstrates that natural factors appear to explain relatively well the major surface temperature changes of the past millennium through the 19th century (including hemispheric means and some spatial patterns). Only anthropogenic forcing of climate, however, can explain the recent anomalous warming in the late 20th century.
Dinitrogen fixation in aphotic oxygenated marine environments

We measured N2 fixation rates from oceanic zones that have traditionally been ignored as sources of biological N2 fixation; the aphotic, fully oxygenated, nitrate (NO−3)-rich, waters of the oligotrophic Levantine Basin (LB) and the Gulf of Aqaba (GA). N2 fixation rates measured from pelagic aphotic waters to depths up to 720 m, during the mixed and stratified periods, ranged from 0.01 nmol N L−1 d−1 to 0.38 nmol N L−1 d−1. N2 fixation rates correlated significantly with bacterial productivity and heterotrophic diazotrophs were identified from aphotic as well as photic depths. Dissolved free amino acid amendments to whole water from the GA enhanced bacterial productivity by 2–3.5 fold and N2 fixation rates by ~2-fold in samples collected from aphotic depths while in amendments to water from photic depths bacterial productivity increased 2–6 fold while N2 fixation rates increased by a factor of 2 to 4 illustrating that both BP and heterotrophic N2 fixation were carbon limited. Experimental manipulations of aphotic waters from the LB demonstrated a significant positive correlation between transparent exopolymeric particle (TEP) concentrations and N2 fixation rates. This suggests that sinking organic material and high carbon (C): nitrogen (N) micro-environments (such as TEP-based aggregates or marine snow) could support high heterotrophic N2 fixation rates in oxygenated surface waters and in the aphotic zones. Indeed, our calculations show that aphotic N2 fixation accounted for 37 to 75% of the total daily integrated N2 fixation rates at both locations in the Mediterranean and Red Seas with rates equal or greater to those measured from the photic layers. Moreover, our results indicate that that while N2 fixation may be limited in the surface waters, aphotic, pelagic N2 fixation may contribute significantly to new N inputs in other oligotrophic basins, yet it is currently not included in regional or global N budgets.
Impact of socioeconomic and health related factors on the iron status of adolescent girls from two boarding schools in Southern Benin

UNLABELLED To our knowledge, the impact of socioeconomic and health related factors on the iron status of adolescent girls has never been studied in Benin. OBJECTIVE These factors were studied in 180 girls aged 12 to 17 years living in two boarding schools from South Benin. METHODS Iron deficiency (ID) was defined as either serum ferritin (SF) < 20 microg/L or SF between 20-50 microg/L plus two abnormal values in the three following parameters: serum iron < 11 micromol/L, total iron binding capacity > 73 micromol/L or transferrin saturation < 20%. Socioeconomic and health related factors were obtained from each participant by mean of an interview using a standardized and pre-tested questionnaire. RESULTS Almost half the participants reported some health problems in the last four months before the study, whereas more than 75% auto-medicated before going to the hospital. The majority of the girls believed themselves to be in good health, although only 16% could define the term 'anemia'. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that girls whose mother was a manual worker (P = .002), who came from a larger family (P = .0001), and who auto-medicated (P = .014), had a lower hemoglobin level, whereas girls who had started their menstruation (P = .008) had a lower SF level. In a logistic regression analysis, girls from a large family size and whose mother was a manual worker showed a higher risk of IDA (OR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.1-2.5; P = .04; OR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.2-2.2; P = .04 respectively). CONCLUSION The findings indicate that iron deficiency is related to the occupation of the mother, family size, auto-medication, and menstruation.
Mechanism Involving Cell Metabolism to Lipopolysaccharide: A Potential Responses Temperatures Enhance Neutrophil Cutting Edge: Fever-Associated

Although much progress has been made in elucidating the mech-anisms underlying the physiological regulation of fever, there is little understanding of the biological utility of fever’s thermal component. Considering the evolutionary co-conservation of fever and innate immunity, we hypothesize that fever’s thermal component might in general augment innate immune function and, in particular, neutrophil activation. Accordingly, we have evaluated the effect of febrile temperatures on neutrophil function at the single-cell level. We ﬁnd that reactive oxygen intermediates and NO release are greatly enhanced at febrile temperatures for unstimulated as well as LPS-stimulated adherent human neutrophils. Furthermore, our studies suggest that these changes in oxidant release are linked to upstream changes in NADPH dynamics. Inasmuch as reactive oxygen intermediates and NO production are important elements in innate immune responses to bacterial pathogens, we suggest that the febrile rise in core temperature is a broad-based systemic signaling mechanism to enhance innate immunity. The Journal of Immunology, 2002, 169: 5396–5400. using a wavelength of 365 nm and its emis- sion was detected using a 405DF35 ﬁlter and a 405 long-pass dichroic mirror. TMRos ﬂuorescence was excited at 540 nm and its emission was detected using a 590DF30 ﬁlter with a 560 long-pass dichroic mirror. DAF-2DA ﬂuorescence was studied using 485 nm for excitation and a 520EFLP ﬁlter with a 505 long-pass dichroic mirror for emission. The ﬂuorescence intensity was measured and analyzed using a photomultiplier tube (Hama- mastu, Bridgewater, NJ) housed in a model D104 ﬂuorescence microscope detection system interfaced with a Pentium III computer running FeliX software (Photon Technology International).
Genetic Programming in Application to Flight Control System Design Optimisation

1.1 Evolutionary algorithms EAs are often considered as an example of artificial intelligence and a soft computing approach. Their unique ability to search for complete and global solutions to a given problem makes EAs a powerful problem solving tool which combine such important characteristics as robustness, versatility and simplicity. Historically, there exist several branches of EAs, namely Genetic Algorithms, Genetic Programming, Evolutionary Programming and Evolutionary Strategies. Their development started independently in the 1960s and 70s. Nevertheless, all of them are based on the same fundamental principle evolution. ‘Evolution’ is used here in its Darwinian sense, the advance through ‘survival of the fittest’. Despite of a remarkable simplicity, EAs have proven to be capable of solving many practical tasks. The first and obvious application is numerical optimisation (minimisation or maximisation) of a given function. However, EAs are capable of much more than function optimisation or estimation of a series of unknown parameters within a given model of a physical system. Due to, in a large part, their stochastic nature, EAs can create such complex structures as computer programs, architectural designs and neural networks. Several applications of EAs have been known to produce a patentable invention (Koza et al., 1996, Koza et al., 1999 and Koza et al., 2003). Unfortunately, such a truly intelligent application of EAs is rarely used for practical purposes. GP and similar algorithms often require a supercomputing power to produce an optimal solution for a practical task. This may be overcome, at least partially, by narrowing the search space. A general engineering design practice is to propose a new design based on existing knowledge of various techniques (not uncommonly even from other fields) and no less important, intuition. Following this, the proposal is analysed, tried on a real system or its mathematical model, findings and errors are analysed again, the design is modified (or rejected) and the process continues until a satisfactory solution is found. EAs work basically on the same principle, although, obviously, using less analytical analysis but more trial-and-error approach. It was found, however, that the process of selecting the most suitable solutions at each stage and producing the next iteration variants is, overall, largely intelligent and heuristic. EAs are capable to answer not only the question how to do something (how to control, in particular), but also the question what to do in order to meet
A Computational Model of Gene Regulatory Networks and its Topological Properties

A new model for Gene Regulatory Networks (GRN) is proposed. The model is potentially more biologically sound than other approaches, and is based on the idea of an artificial genome from which several products like genes, mRNA, miRNA, non-coding RNA, and proteins are extracted. These products are connected giving rise to a heterogeneous directed graph. The topology of the obtained networks is studied using degree distributions. We make some considerations about the biological meaning of the outcomes of these simulations.
Model and Learner Feedback for a Large Scale Technology Enabled Teacher Training Program

In this paper, we discuss a model for large-scale synchronous distance mode teacher training. A two-week workshop using satellite and Internet was conducted in a synchronous distance mode, in which 641 teachers from 218 engineering colleges participated. We conducted a survey to determine participants' feedback and role of factors such as, gender, age, qualification and location of college in the implementation. The analysis of the survey suggests that, although the training was conducted in the distance mode, there was high level of participants' satisfaction and the participants found the workshop to be effective.
Context-Independent Claim Detection for Argument Mining

Argumentation mining aims to automatically identify structured argument data from unstructured natural language text. This challenging, multi-faceted task is recently gaining a growing attention, especially due to its many potential applications. One particularly important aspect of argumentation mining is claim identification. Most of the current approaches are engineered to address specific domains. However, argumentative sentences are often characterized by common rhetorical structures, independently of the domain. We thus propose a method that exploits structured parsing information to detect claims without resorting to contextual information, and yet achieve a performance comparable to that of state-of-the-art methods that heavily rely on the context.
Direct Numerical Study of a Liquid Droplet Impulsively Accelerated by Gaseous Flow

A liquid spherical droplet impulsively accelerated by a gaseous flow is simulated in order to investigate the drag force and the deformation. The dynamics of the droplet immersed in a gaseous flow are investigated by solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations using a finite volume staggered mesh method coupled with a moving mesh interface tracking scheme. The benefit of the current scheme is that the interface conditions are implemented directly on an explicitly located interface with zero thickness. The droplet shape changes as it is accelerated, and the deformation factor of the droplet is as small as 0.2, so mesh adaptation methods are employed to achieve good mesh quality and to capture the interface curvature. The total drag coefficients are found to be larger than typical steady-state drag coefficients of solid spheres at the same Reynolds numbers. This agrees with the observation of Temkin et al. [J. Fluid Mech. 96, 133 (1980)] that the unsteady drag of decelerating relative flows was alway.
Linear Processing of Interaural Level Difference Underlies Spatial Tuning in the Nucleus of the Brachium of the Inferior Colliculus

The spatial location of sounds is an important aspect of auditory perception, but the ways in which space is represented are not fully understood. No space map has been found within the primary auditory pathway. However, a space map has been found in the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (BIN), which provides a major auditory projection to the superior colliculus. We measured the spectral processing underlying auditory spatial tuning in the BIN of unanesthetized marmoset monkeys. Because neurons in the BIN respond poorly to tones and are broadly tuned, we used a broadband stimulus with random spectral shapes (RSSs) from which both spatial receptive fields and frequency sensitivity can be derived. Responses to virtual space (VS) stimuli, based on the animal's own ear acoustics, were compared with the predictions of a weight-function model of responses to the RSS stimuli. First-order (linear) weight functions had broad spectral tuning (approximately three octaves) and were excitatory in the contralateral ear, inhibitory in the ipsilateral ear, and biased toward high frequencies. Responses to interaural time differences and spectral cues were relatively weak. In cross-validation tests, the first-order RSS model accurately predicted the measured VS tuning curves in the majority of neurons, but was inaccurate in 25% of neurons. In some cases, second-order weighting functions led to significant improvements. Finally, we found a significant correlation between the degree of binaural weight asymmetry and the best azimuth. Overall, the results suggest that linear processing of interaural level difference underlies spatial tuning in the BIN.
Evaluation of field and greenhouse experiments with tomatoes using the aquacrop model as a basis for improving water productivity

Many arid regions are characterized by low rainfall, high temperatures and sandy soils. To improve the situation of irrigated agriculture under these conditions, reliable plant growth models can be efficiently used via optimizing both irrigation control and scheduling. For setting up such models, we conducted field and greenhouse experiments with tomatoes in Oman. The experiments consisted of three irrigation treatments covering 40%, 70% and 100% of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and three replicates in a randomized complete block design. The treatment were simulated using the Aquacrop model (FAO, 2009a) Different plant parameters such as plant yield, water use efficiency, and LAI, were measured throughout one growing season. Four meteorological stations were implemented at the entrance, the middle, and the end of the greenhouse and one on the open field. The reference evapotranspiration was calculated using the EToCALC software (FAO, 2009b) and the soil hydraulic parameters were obtained from multistep outflow experiments. TDR probes and pF-meters provided soil moisture status and soil water potential during the experiment. The 40% ETo treatment provided the highest water use efficiencies for both the greenhouse and field treatments as compared to 70 and 100% ETo. While the yield from both the 40% ETo and the 100% ETo treatments were similar in open field as well as in the greenhouse, the water productivity obviously differed significantly.
Na/K‐ATPase regulates bovine sperm capacitation through raft‐ and non‐raft‐mediated signaling mechanisms

Highly dynamic lipid microdomains (rafts) in the sperm plasma membrane contain several signaling proteins that regulate sperm capacitation. Na/K‐ATPase isoforms (testis‐specific isoform ATP1A4 and ubiquitous isoform ATP1A1) are abundant in bovine sperm plasma membrane. We previously reported that incubation of bovine sperm with ouabain, a specific Na/K‐ATPase ligand, induced tyrosine phosphorylation of several sperm proteins during capacitation. The objective of this study was to investigate the roles of lipid rafts and non‐rafts in Na/K‐ATPase enzyme activity and signaling during bovine sperm capacitation. Content of ATP1A4 and, to a lesser extent, ATP1A1 was increased in raft and non‐raft fractions of capacitated sperm, although non‐raft enzyme activities of both isoforms were higher than the corresponding activities in rafts from capacitated sperm. Yet, ATP1A4 was the predominant isoform responsible for total Na/K‐ATPase activity in both rafts and non‐rafts. A comparative increase in phosphorylation of signaling molecules was observed in both raft (CAV1) and non‐raft (EGFR and ERK1/2) membrane fractions during capacitation. Although SRC was phosphorylated in both membrane fractions, the non‐raft fraction possessed more of this activated form. We also inferred, by immunoprecipitation, that ATP1A4 interacted with CAV1 and EGFR in the raft fraction, whereas interactions of ATP1A4 with SRC, EGFR, and ERK1/2 occurred in the non‐raft fraction of ouabain‐capacitated sperm; conversely, ATP1A1 interacted only with CAV1 in both fractions of uncapacitated and capacitated sperm. In conclusion, both raft and non‐raft cohorts of Na/K‐ATPase isoforms contributed to phosphorylation of signaling molecules during bovine sperm capacitation.
MANAGEMENT OF OKRA SHOOT AND FRUIT BORER , EARIAS VITTELLA ( FABRICIUS ) USING CHEMICAL AND BOTANICAL INSECTICIDES FOR DIFFERENT OKRA VARIETIES

To evaluate the effectiveness of selected insecticides and a botanical extract in management of okra shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella an experiment was conducted in the field Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during January to May 2011. Effectiveness of two synthetic insecticides (Kinalux 25 EC and Ecofuran 5 G) and a botanical (Neem leaf extract) were evaluated to control okra shoot and fruit borer. The attack was comparatively low in the plants treated with plant extract, while it was minimum in plants treated with synthetic insecticides.
Functional Renormalization for Disordered Systems. Basic Recipes and Gourmet Dishes

We give a pedagogical introduction into the functional renormalization group treatment of disordered systems. After a review of its phenomenology, we show why in the context of disordered systems a functional renormalization group treatment is necessary, contrary to pure systems, where renormalization of a single coupling constant is sufficient. This leads to a disorder distribution, which after a finite renormalization becomes non-analytic, thus overcoming the predictions of the seemingly exact dimensional reduction. We discuss, how the non-analyticity can be measured in a simulation or experiment. We then construct a renormalizable field theory beyond leading order. We discuss an elastic manifold embedded in N dimensions, and give the exact solution for N to infinity. This is compared to predictions of the Gaussian replica variational ansatz, using replica symmetry breaking. We further consider random field magnets, and supersymmetry. We finally discuss depinning, both isotropic and anisotropic, and universal scaling function.
Elevated serum eotaxin levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

OBJECTIVE:Eotaxin is a recently characterized chemokine with potent and selective chemotactic activity for eosinophils. Previous studies indicating that eosinophils accumulate and become activated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) led us to hypothesize that eotaxin is potentially involved in the pathophysiology of IBD and, therefore, that eotaxin would be increased in the serum of patients with IBD. The objective of this study was to test those assumptions.METHODS:We investigated 72 patients with IBD, 35 with ulcerative colitis, and 37 with Crohn's disease. A total of 27 patients had active and 45 inactive disease; 26 were receiving corticosteroids. Eotaxin serum levels were determined by solid phase sandwich ELISA. Lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocyte subpopulations were determined in fresh blood samples with an automated autoanalyzer.RESULTS:Serum eotaxin levels were significantly higher in patients with Crohn's disease and in those with ulcerative colitis than in the control subjects (p < 0.0001). Patients with inactive Crohn's disease had significantly higher levels of eotaxin than patients with inactive ulcerative colitis (p < 0.05). We did not find significant differences for activity or inactivity of disease, nor for treatment with prednisone. A negative correlation (p < 0.05) was found between eotaxin serum level and eosinophil counts in peripheral blood in patients with Crohn's disease.CONCLUSIONS:There is an increased expression of eotaxin in IBD patients, suggesting that eotaxin may be involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. This increase is more accentuated in Crohn's disease and negatively correlates with the eosinophil number in peripheral blood. Our data support the increasing evidence that eosinophil are functionally involved in the pathophysiology of IBD.
Wealth Effects on Consumption - Evidence from the Euro Area

This paper estimates the wealth effects on consumption in the euro area as a whole. I show that: (i) financial wealth effects are relatively large and statistically significant; (ii) housing wealth effects are virtually nil and not significant; (iii) consumption growth exhibits strong persistence and responds sluggishly to shocks; and (iv) the immediate response of consumption to wealth is substantially different from the long-run wealth effects. By disaggregating financial wealth into its major components, the estimates suggest that wealth effects are particularly large for currency and deposits, and shares and mutual funds. In addition, consumption seems to be very responsive to financial liabilities and mortage loans.