Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Localized radial solutions of the Swift–Hohenberg equation

Stationary localized solutions of the planar Swift–Hohenberg equation are investigated in the parameter region where the trivial solution is stable. In the parameter region where rolls bifurcate subcritically, localized radial ring-like pulses are shown to bifurcate from the trivial solution. Furthermore, radial spot-like pulses are shown to bifurcate from the trivial state, regardless of the criticality of roll patterns. These theoretical results apply also to general reaction–diffusion systems near Turing instabilities. Numerical computations show that planar radial pulses ‘snake’ near the Maxwell point where, by definition, the one-dimensional roll patterns have the same energy as the trivial state. These computations also reveal that spots, which are stable in a certain parameter region, become unstable with respect to hexagonal perturbations, leading to fully localized hexagon patterns.
The IGF1 Receptor Is Involved in Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Signaling in Porcine Neonatal Sertoli Cells

Experimental evidence has shown that the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) is involved in testicular development during embryogenesis. More recently, data gathered from mice granulosa cells and zebrafish spermatogonia suggest that IGF1R has a role in Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) signaling. No evidence has been reported on this matter in Sertoli cells (SCs) so far. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role, if any, of the IGF1R in FSH signaling in SCs. The effects of FSH exposure on myosin-phosphatase 1 (MYPT1), ERK 1/2, AKT308, AKT473, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and on anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), inhibin B and FSH receptor (FSHR) mRNA levels were assessed with and without the IGF1R inhibitor NVP-AEW541 in purified and functional porcine neonatal SCs. Pre-treatment with NVP-AEW541 inhibited the FSH-induced MYPT1 and ERK 1/2 phosphorylation, decreased the FSH-dependent Protein kinase B (AKT)308 phosphorylation, but did not affect the FSH-induced AKT473 and JNK phosphorylation rate. It also interfered with the FSH-induced AMH and FSHR down-regulation. No influence was observed on the FSH-stimulated Inhibin B gene expression. Conclusion. These findings support the role of theIGF1R in FSH signaling in porcine SCs. The possible influence of IGF1 stimulation on the FSH-mediated effects on SCs should be further explored.
An Integrated Semantics of Social Commitments and Associated Operations

In this paper, we develop a unified semantic model for social commitments and associated operations. We propose a logical model based on CTL∗ with modalities of commitments and associated operations that represent the dynamic behavior of agents. Our semantics differs from the previous proposals in which the operations used to manipulate commitments (e.g. creation, fulfillment, violation, withdrawn, etc.) have always been defined as axioms or constrains on top of the commitment semantics. The advantage of this logical model is to gather the direct semantics of these operations and the semantics of social commitments (propositional and conditional) within the same framework. Furthermore, this paper proposes a new definition of assignment and delegation operations by looking at the content of the assigned and delegated commitment that could be different from the content of the original commitment in terms of deadline. Finally, to stress the soundness of the model, we prove that the proposed semantics satisfies some properties that are desirable when modeling commitment-based multiagent systems.
Further Experimental Evidence against the Utility of Occam's Razor

This paper presents new experimental evidence against the utility of Occam's razor. A systematic procedure is presented for post-processing decision trees produced by C4.5. This procedure was derived by rejecting Occam's razor and instead attending to the assumption that similar objects are likely to belong to the same class. It increases a decision tree's complexity without altering the performance of that tree on the training data from which it is inferred. The resulting more complex decision trees are demonstrated to have, on average, for a variety of common learning tasks, higher predictive accuracy than the less complex original decision trees. This result raises considerable doubt about the utility of Occam's razor as it is commonly applied in modern machine learning.
A simplistic incidence angle approach to retrieve the soil moisture and surface roughness at X-band

Nowadays, it is an important point of research to classify the moisture and roughness using microwave data with less complex models. For this purpose, microwave measurements were conducted for observing roughness and soil moisture at X-band (9.5 GHz). These measurements were carried out over a range of incidence angle from 20/spl deg/ to 70/spl deg/ at the step of 5/spl deg/ for both polarizations (i.e., horizontal (H) and vertical (V) polarizations). Surface roughness (i.e., root mean square height) and moisture were varied in controlled conditions. Microwave emissivity has been derived with the measurements of reflectivity from a microwave system. Results show a good angular variation of emissivity with surface roughness and moisture for both polarizations. An algorithm is developed using incidence angle as a modulating factor for retrieving the soil moisture and surface roughness at X-band. A good agreement between observed and retrieved surface roughness (i.e., standard error; SE-0.066 for H-polarization) and soil moisture (SE-0.045 for H-polarization) has been obtained by the proposed model.
4 Studying Children in “ Hunter-Gatherer ” Societies Reflections from a Nayaka Perspective

When at the beginning of the century, the common wisdom was that animistic people think like children, the young Margaret Mead asked very logically, How then do children in these societies think (Mead 1932)? Mead was exceptional in giving children a central place in her ethnographic and theoretical work. With few exceptions, notably within the school of Culture and Personality of which she was a proponent, “children” have not been studied much as a social group, not to mention as a variable cultural concept. “[I]t would be fair to say,” wrote Tim Ingold in the Companion Encyclopedia of Anthropology (1994), “that in the majority of anthropological accounts, children are conspicuous by their absence” (Ingold 1994:745). What research does exist “has been fitful rather than systematic,” posited Christina Toren, in an encyclopedic essay on children (1996:92). While children have been studied more often than such programmatic generalizations suggest (largely, from an adult-skewed “socialization” perspective, on which see more below), it is fair to say that child-focused research has remained marginal and undertheorized. It is rarely represented in major anthropological publications, in undergraduate textbooks, or in overviews of state-of-theart trends in anthropology. As Hirschfeld has recently summed it up, “A substantial, coherent, and—most critically—theoretically influential program of child-focused research did not emerge” (2002:625). The “hunter-gatherers” field of study has been no exception, as is evident for example in the 1999 Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers (Lee and Daly 1999). Photographs of children abound in this authoritative reference book, but scholarly references to them are scarce. Children are rarely mentioned in the ethnographic profiles, let alone in the topical es-
LIM Protein Ajuba Participates in the Repression of the ATR-Mediated DNA Damage Response

LIM proteins constitute a superfamily characterized by the presence of a LIM domain, known to be involved in protein–protein interactions. Our previous work has implicated members of the Zyxin family of LIM proteins, namely TRIP6 and LPP, in the repression of the DNA damage response (DDR) at telomeres. Here, we describe a role for Ajuba, a closely related LIM molecule, in repressing the ATR-mediated DDR. We found that depletion of Ajuba led to apparent delays in the cell cycle, accompanied with increased Rb phosphorylation, Chk1 phosphorylation, induction of p53, and cell death. Ajuba could be found in a complex with replication protein A (RPA), and its depletion led to RPA phosphorylation, known to be an early event in ATR activation. We propose that Ajuba protects against unscheduled ATR signaling by preventing inappropriate RPA phosphorylation.
Multiuser Interference Cancellation and Detection for Users with Four Transmit Antennas

We consider J transmitter units each equipped with N transmit antennas over a wireless Rayleigh fading channel. Previously, it was proved that when each transmitter unit has N transmit antennas, using JN receive antennas, the receiver can completely separate the signals of J users. The provided diversity to each user was shown to be N. Here, we consider the case when all units are synchronized and employ quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes with N = 4 transmit antennas. It is proved that in this case a receiver with J receive antennas can separate the transmitted signals of all units and provide each unit with the same diversity order of N = 4
On the Performance of Linear Adaptive filters Driven by the Ergodic Chaotic logistic Map

Chaotic dynamical systems are increasingly considered for use in coding and transmission systems. This stems from their parameter sensitivity and spectral characteristics. The latter are relevant for channel estimation methods. In particular, the logistic map fλ = λx(1 - x) has been employed in chaotic coding and spread spectrum transmission systems. For λ = 4, the statistical properties of sequences generated by f4 are considered as ideal drive signals for channel estimation schemes. This assumption is proven in the present paper. To this end, the higher order statistical moments and the autocorrelation of time series generated by f4 are derived. It is shown that for λ = 4 the zero mean time series is uncorrelated. The adaptation performance of finite impulse response (FIR) digital adaptive filters (DAF) used for channel estimation is analyzed. It is shown that using zero mean sequences of f4 leads to the maximal possible FIR DAF performance. An optimal value for the damping parameter in the LMS scheme is derived that leads to the maximal performance and ensures stability. The analytic considerations are confirmed by simulation results.
Discovery and Orbital Determination of the Transient X-Ray Pulsar GRO J1750–27

We report on the discovery and hard X-ray (20-70 keV) observations of the 4.45 s period transient X-ray pulsar GRO J1750-27 with the BATSE all-sky monitor on board CGRO. A relatively faint outburst (<30 mcrab peak) lasting at least 60 days was observed during which the spin-up rate peaked at 38 pHz s-1 and was correlated with the pulsed intensity. An orbit with a period of 29.8 days was found. The large spin-up rate, spin period, and orbital period together suggest that accretion is occurring from a disk and that the outburst is a “giant” outburst typical of a Be/X-ray transient system. No optical counterpart has yet been reported.
Properties of Mean Shift

We study properties of the mean shift (MS)-type algorithms for estimating modes of probability density functions (PDFs), via regarding these algorithms as gradient ascent on estimated PDFs with adaptive step sizes. We rigorously prove convergence of mode estimate sequences generated by the MS-type algorithms, under the assumption that an analytic kernel function is used. Moreover, our analysis on the MS function finds several new properties of mode estimate sequences and corresponding density estimate sequences, including the result that in the MS-type algorithm using a Gaussian kernel the density estimate monotonically increases between two consecutive mode estimates. This implies that, in the one-dimensional case, the mode estimate sequence monotonically converges to the stationary point nearest to an initial point without jumping over any stationary point.
Leading Schools of Excellence and Equity: Documenting Effective Strategies in Closing Achievement Gaps

Background/Context In the Fall 2006 issue of AERJ, Hoy, Tarter, and Woolfolk Hoy identified the new construct of academic optimism as a general latent concept related to student achievement even after controlling for SES, previous performance, and other demographic variables. Through structural equation modeling, they found that the collective properties of academic emphasis, collective efficacy, and faculty trust work together in a unified fashion to create positive academic environments. To build a comprehensive theory of academic optimism, Hoy and his colleagues recommended more research in a variety of school settings and more qualitative research to explore roles, experiences, expectations, conditions, and differences of academic optimism in schools. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study The purpose of this empirical inquiry of state-recognized “Honor Schools of Excellence” was to explore how these schools of distinction are (or are not) promoting and supporting both academic excellence and systemic equity for all students. Research Design In Phase One, quantitative data were collected through equity audits to scan for and then document systemic patterns of equity and inequity across multiple domains of student learning and activities within 24 schools. In Phase Two, the 24 schools were ranked, based solely on minority achievement, and then separated into two types of schools, small gap (SG) schools and large gap (LG) schools. Through site visits (n = 16) and the use of semi-structured interviews with principals, assistant principals, teachers, and parent leaders (n = 80), qualitative data were then collected to document best practices and effective strategies that principals use to confront and change past practices anchored in open and residual racism and class discrimination. The data were analyzed through the theoretical framework of academic optimism. Findings/Results Three differences between the SG schools and the LG schools were found: encouraging academic achievement, offering instructional feedback, and expecting excellence. Conclusions/Recommendations To truly honor excellence, we need to embrace equity. As such, the outcomes of interest are better in schools where principals support, model, and monitor a teamwork approach, a balanced approach, a strong sense of purpose, and an insistent disposition to assure that all students are served well and that all are encouraged to perform at their highest level.
Moderators of naltrexone's effects on drinking, urge, and alcohol effects in non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers in the natural environment.

BACKGROUND Naltrexone (NTX) has proven to be effective with alcoholics in treatment, with most controlled clinical trials showing beneficial effects on heavy drinking rates. However, little is known about the behavioral mechanisms underlying the effects of NTX on drinking, or about patient characteristics that may moderate NTX's effects on drinking. In this study, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) techniques were used to investigate some of the putative mechanisms of naltrexone's effects on drinking in heavy drinkers who were not seeking treatment for alcohol problems. Polymorphisms in the D4 dopamine receptor (DRD4) gene and the mu-opiate receptor (OPRM1) gene, family history of alcohol problems, age of onset of alcoholism and gender were explored as potential moderators of NTX's effects. METHODS After a 1-week placebo lead-in period, heavy drinkers (n = 180), 63% of whom were alcohol-dependent, were randomized to 3 weeks of daily naltrexone (50 mg) or placebo. Throughout the study, participants used EMA on palm-pilot computers to enter, in real time, drink data, urge levels, and subjective effects of alcohol consumption. RESULTS Naltrexone reduced percentage drinking days in all participants and reduced percent heavy drinking days in DRD4-L individuals; NTX decreased urge levels in participants with younger age of alcoholism onset; NTX increased time between drinks in participants who had more relatives with alcohol problems; and NTX reduced the stimulating effects of alcohol in women. OPRM1 status did not moderate any of NTX's effects. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm earlier findings of NTX's effects on drinking and related subjective effects, and extend them by describing individual difference variables that moderate these effects in the natural environment, using data collected in real time.
Expression patterns of corticotropin‐releasing factor, arginine vasopressin, histidine decarboxylase, melanin‐concentrating hormone, and orexin genes in the human hypothalamus

The hypothalamus regulates numerous autonomic responses and behaviors. The neuroactive substances corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF), arginine‐vasopressin (AVP), histidine decarboxylase (HDC), melanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH), and orexin/hypocretins (ORX) produced in the hypothalamus mediate a subset of these processes. Although the expression patterns of these genes have been well studied in rodents, less is known about them in humans. We combined classical histological techniques with in situ hybridization histochemistry to produce both 2D and 3D images and to visually align and quantify expression of the genes for these substances in nuclei of the human hypothalamus. The hypothalamus was arbitrarily divided into rostral, intermediate, and caudal regions. The rostral region, containing the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), was defined by discrete localization of CRF‐ and AVP‐expressing neurons, whereas distinct relationships between HDC, MCH, and ORX mRNA‐expressing neurons delineated specific levels within the intermediate and caudal regions. Quantitative mRNA signal intensity measurements revealed no significant differences in overall CRF or AVP expression at any rostrocaudal level of the PVN. HDC mRNA expression was highest at the level of the premammillary area, which included the dorsomedial and tuberomammillary nuclei as well as the dorsolateral hypothalamic area. In addition, the overall intensity of hybridization signal exhibited by both MCH and ORX mRNA‐expressing neurons peaked in distinct intermediate and caudal hypothalamic regions. These results suggest that human hypothalamic neurons involved in the regulation of the HPA axis display distinct neurochemical patterns that may encompass multiple local nuclei. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:4591–4611, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stacking SRAM banks for ultra low power standby mode operation

On-chip SRAM caches have come to dominate the total chip area and leakage power consumed in state-of-the-art microprocessor designs. Such large memories are necessary to attain high performance, however it is critical to minimize the idle currents drawn while these SRAM banks are inactive. This work proposes a novel voltage reduction technique to reduce SRAM leakage power during the standby mode. The design employs an implicit voltage reduction method that “stacks” SRAM banks in series while these blocks are inactive. No explicit DC/DC converters are required to achieve the reduced voltages, which leads to large area reductions over techniques requiring on-chip regulation circuits. This stacking technique reduces the voltage on each block close to the absolute data retention voltage (DRV) of each cell, and achieves a maximum leakage power reduction of 93% from the active power mode. Simulation results show the stability of the scheme around corners, process variations, and on-chip noise.
To what extent is subjective well-being in late adulthood related to subjective and objective memory functioning? Five-year cross-lagged panel analyses

ABSTRACT Background: Population aging motivated a focus in contemporary research on factors, e.g. cognitive functioning, that contribute to ‘aging well. ’ However, something that has been overlooked is relation between memory functioning, determined by objective tests as well as subjective memory ratings, and subjective well-being (SWB). Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate cross-sectional and longitudinal (cross-lagged) relationships between episodic memory (both subjective and objective) and SWB. Method: A total of 586 older individuals (60–90 years) were assessed on multiple measures of the targeted constructs at baseline (Time 1) as part of the Betula cohort study. Five years later (Time 2), 354 of the participants returned for follow-up measurements and were included in cross-lagged panel analyses. Results: As expected, objective memory and subjective memory showed a pattern of cross-sectional age deficits and a mean level longitudinal decline was observed for objective memory. By contrast, SWB showed stable mean levels both across age and time. No cross-sectional or cross-lagged associations were observed between SWB and objective memory, whereas subjective memory and SWB showed a cross-sectional association. Conclusion: The results underscore that successful aging is a multifaceted construct with no or only weak associations between the investigated components. However, SWB and rate of change at the individual level should be considered to define successful aging.
Uncertainty in Climate Change Projections of the Hadley Circulation: The Role of Internal Variability

The uncertainty arising from internal climate variability in climate change projections of the Hadley circulation (HC) is presently unknown. In this paper it is quantified by analyzing a 40-member ensemble of integrations of the Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3), under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario over the period 2000‐60. An additional set of 100-yr-long timeslice integrations with the atmospheric component of the same model [Community Atmosphere Model, version 3.0 (CAM3)] is also analyzed. Focusing on simple metrics of the HC—its strength, width, and height—three key results emerge from the analysis of the CCSM3 ensemble. First, the projected weakening of the HC is almost entirely confined to the Northern Hemisphere, and is stronger in winter than in summer. Second, the projected widening of the HC occurs only in the winter season but in both hemispheres. Third, the projected rise of the tropical tropopause occurs in both hemispheres and in all seasons and is, by far, the most robust of the three metrics. This paper shows further that uncertainty in future trends of the HC width is largely controlled by extratropical variability, while those of HC strength and height are associated primarily with tropical dynamics. Comparison of the CCSM3 and CAM3 integrations reveals that ocean‐atmosphere coupling is the dominant source of uncertainty in future trends of HC strength and height and of the tropical mean meridional circulation in general. Finally, uncertainty in future trends of the hydrological cycle is largely captured by the uncertainty in future trends of the mean meridional circulation.
The Accordance of Diagnoses in a Computerized Sick-Leave Register with Doctor's Certificates and Medical Records

A register has been built for planned epidemiological studies of sick-leave, containing all cases exceeding 6 days in a population of 184,000, over a period of 3 years. The diagnoses were coded from medical certificates. To assess the quality of this information this study reviews the medical certificates of 2,364 cases. In 299 cases the corresponding medical records are reviewed and independent diagnoses made. The coding and entering of data into the register is correct in 98% of cases. The independently-made diagnoses match exactly the ones registered in 50% of cases. When grouping the diagnoses into 39 groups, the match on group level is 72%. Ten percentage points of the mismatch are caused by specified overlaps between groups. The remaining 18% mismatch is caused mainly by different interpretations or unspecific labelling of the disease states, not so much by them being obscure in themselves or by doctors covering up unpleasant diagnoses.