Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Posterior approach and uncemented stems increases the risk of reoperation after hemiarthroplasties in elderly hip fracture patients

Background Hemiarthroplasties are performed in great numbers worldwide but are seldom registered on a national basis. Our aim was to identify risk factors for reoperation after fracture-related hemiarthroplasty in Norway and Sweden. Material and methods A common dataset was created based on the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register and the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register. 33,205 hip fractures in individuals > 60 years of age treated with modular hemiarthroplasties were reported for the period 2005–2010. Cox regression analyses based on reoperations were performed (covariates: age group, sex, type of stem and implant head, surgical approach, and hospital volume). Results 1,164 patients (3.5%) were reoperated during a mean follow-up of 2.7 (SD 1.7) years. In patients over 85 years, an increased risk of reoperation was found for uncemented stems (HR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.7–2.8), bipolar heads (HR = 1.4, CI: 1.2–1.8), posterior approach (HR = 1.4, CI: 1.2–1.8) and male sex (HR = 1.3, CI: 1.0–1.6). For patients aged 75–85 years, uncemented stems (HR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.2–2.0) and men (HR = 1.3, CI: 1.1–1.6) carried an increased risk. Increased risk of reoperation due to infection was found for patients aged < 75 years (HR = 1.5, CI: 1.1–2.0) and for uncemented stems. For open surgery due to dislocation, the strongest risk factor was a posterior approach (HR = 2.2, CI: 1.8–2.6). Uncemented stems in particular (HR = 3.6, CI: 2.4–5.3) and male sex increased the risk of periprosthetic fracture surgery. Interpretation Cemented stems and a direct lateral transgluteal approach reduced the risk of reoperation after hip fractures treated with hemiarthroplasty in patients over 75 years. Men and younger patients had a higher risk of reoperation. For the age group 60–74 years, there were no such differences in risk in this material.
DIURNAL AND NOCTURNAL ROOST SITE FIDELITY OF DUNLIN (CALIDRIS ALPINA PACIFICA) AT HUMBOLDT BAY, CALIFORNIA

Abstract Shorebird roosts are often considered traditional, on the basis of predictable occupancy by large numbers of birds over long periods. However, fidelity of individuals to roosts at fine spatial and temporal scales, particularly at night, has rarely been described. We compared diurnal and nocturnal use of high-tide roosts by radiotagged Dunlin (Calidris alpina pacifica) wintering (November-March) at Humboldt Bay, California. Despite high fidelity to the study area, fidelity to particular roosts was relatively low and highly variable. At night, Dunlin used fewer roosts, were more faithful to primary roosts, and moved shorter distances between successive roosts than during the day. Day and night roosts differed in location, habitat, and distance from tidal flats. At night, Dunlin made greater use of pasture, and less use of islands and manmade structures. Day and night strategies of high-tide space use by Dunlin may be related to differences in food availability or predation danger. Our results illustrate that notions of tradition and site fidelity are scale-dependent and that knowledge of space use across the full range of environmental conditions is necessary for appropriate management of shorebird habitat. Fidelidad a los Sitios de Descanso Diurnos y Nocturnos en Calidris alpina pacifica en la Bahía de Humboldt, California
Tilt and Decentration of Intraocular Lenses-a Brief Review

Eyes need a flexible, clear and refractively suited lens to provide the retina with sharp images in far and near distance. But even given an optimal lens, the resulting image would be blurred without proper lens positioning, observable in some cases of Marfan syndrome or after ocular trauma with lens dislocation. In contrast, as seen in routine ophthalmologic slit lamp examination, healthy eyes do not suffer from coarse lens misalignment.
Some 3-manifolds and 3-orbifolds with large fundamental group

We provide two new proofs of a theorem of Cooper, Long and Reid which asserts that, apart from an explicit finite list of exceptional manifolds, any compact orientable irreducible 3-manifold with non-empty boundary has large fundamental group. The first proof is direct and topological; the second is group-theoretic. These techniques are then applied to prove a string of results about (possibly closed) 3-orbifolds, which culminate in the following theorem. If K is a knot in a compact orientable 3-manifold M such that the complement of K admits a complete finite-volume hyperbolic structure, then the orbifold obtained by assigning a singularity of order n along K has large fundamental group for infinitely many positive integers n. We also obtain information about this set of values of n. When M is the 3-sphere, this has implications for the cyclic branched covers over the knot. In this case, we may also weaken the hypothesis that the complement of K is hyperbolic to the assumption that K is non-trivial.
Improving Reliability of Particle Filter-Based Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks via Hybrid Particle/FIR Filtering

The need for accurate, fast, and reliable indoor localization using wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has recently grown in diverse areas of industry. Accurate localization in cluttered and noisy environments is commonly provided by means of a mathematical algorithm referred to as a state estimator or filter. The particle filter (PF), which is the most commonly used filter in localization, suffers from the sample impoverishment problem under typical conditions of real-time localization based on WSNs. This paper proposes a novel hybrid particle/finite impulse response (FIR) filtering algorithm for improving reliability of PF-based localization schemes under harsh conditions causing sample impoverishment. The hybrid particle/FIR filter detects the PF failures and recovers the failed PF by resetting the PF using the output of an auxiliary FIR filter. Combining the regularized particle filter (RPF) and the extended unbiased FIR (EFIR) filter, the hybrid RP/EFIR filter is constructed in this paper. Through simulations, the hybrid RP/EFIR filter demonstrates its improved reliability and ability to recover the RPF from failures.
Factors associated with increased healthcare utilization among adults with asthma

ABSTRACT Objective. To evaluate determinants of increased emergency room (ER) visit and hospitalization among adults with asthma, with emphasis on the role of psychological distress, self-efficacy, and obesity. Methods: For analysis 2009, 2011/2012 California Health Interview Survey was used. Adults who reported lifetime asthma were selected. Association between ER and overnight hospital stay with population characteristics were conducted using chi-square analysis. Multivariable binary logistic regression models, taking into account control variables, were utilized to assess the relationship between ER visit or overnight hospital stay with that of psychological distress, self-efficacy, and obesity. Results: Odds of ER visits were higher among those with mild-to-moderate psychological distress (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.94), and among those with serious psychological distress (aOR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.65, 4.16). Mild-to-moderate distress was associated with two-fold increase in hospital overnight stay (aOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.29, 3.25). Adults with asthma who reported low self-efficacy had increased ER visits (aOR = 6.21, 95% CI: 3.63, 10.65) and hospitalization (aOR = 4.13, 95% CI: 2.63, 6.49). Finally, adults who had asthma and were obese had higher odds of ER visits (aOR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.13). Conclusions: Healthcare utilization is higher among asthma patients with psychological distress, low self-efficacy, and obesity. Interventions, such as incorporation of integrated care models, are critical to ensure early screening of mental health status among such patients. In addition, there is a need for patient education and improved weight management among adults with asthma.
Investigating commercial in ovo technology as a strategy for introducing probiotic bacteria to broiler embryos*

Abstract Probiotics can improve broiler performance and reduce pathogens. Because the hatchery can be a source of contamination, delivering probiotics to the embryo before hatch is desirable. To date, probiotics have primarily been injected into eggs manually. Therefore, the objective of this study was to deliver various probiotic bacteria into broiler hatching eggs using an automated commercial in ovo injection system to evaluate hatchability of fertile eggs (HF). Three separate experiments were conducted using Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus subtilis, or Bifidobacterium animalis. In each experiment, 7 treatments (non‐injected control; dry punch control; diluent‐injected control; and injections of 103 cfu, 104 cfu, 105 cfu, or 106 cfu of bacteria/50 &mgr;L of diluent) were evaluated using 10 replicates per treatment. For each experiment, 2,490 eggs were obtained from a commercial hatchery. Eggs were incubated under standard incubation conditions. At 10 d of incubation (doi), eggs were candled, and infertile eggs were removed. On 18 doi, all eggs were injected with the appropriate treatment using an automated in ovo injection system. Once all eggs were injected, they were transferred to hatching baskets and placed into the hatcher. On 21 doi, chicks were removed from the hatcher, counted, and weighed. Hatch residue analysis was conducted to determine infertile, early dead, mid dead, late dead, pipped, cracked, contaminated, and cull chick statuses of all unhatched eggs. Injecting L. acidophilus, even at a concentration as high as 106 cfu/50 &mgr;L, did not impact hatch residue analysis (P > 0.05). However, HF was significantly less for eggs treated with B. subtilis than for control eggs (P < 0.0001). For the non‐injected control, HF was 91%, but as concentration of B. subtilis increased, HF decreased to as low as 1.67% for the 105 cfu treatment. Late deads, pipped, and contaminated egg percentages were higher, and chick BW was lower for B. subtilis treatment groups compared to controls. In conclusion, L. acidophilus and B. animalis but not B. subtilis, appear to be suitable candidates for in ovo injection as probiotics.
Phonetic Recoding of Print and Its Effect on the Detection of Concurrent Speech in Amplitude Modulated Noise *

When an amplitude-modulated noise generated from a spoken word is presented simultaneously with the word's printed version, the noise sounds more speeehlike. This auditory illusion obtained by Frost, Repp, and Katz (1988) suggests that subjects detect correspondences between speech amplitude envelopes and printed stimuli. The present study investigated whether the speech envelope is assembled from the printed word or whether it is lexically addressed. In two experiments subjects were presented with speech-plus-noise and with noi! MH)n1y trials, and were required to detect the speech in the noise. The auditory stimuli were accompanied with matching or nonmatching Hebrew print, which was unvoweled in Experiment 1 and voweled in Experiment 2. The stimuli of both experiments consisted of highfrequency words, low-frequency words, and nonwords. The results demonstrated that matching print caused a strong bias to detect speech in the noise when the stimuli were either highor low-frequency words, whereas no bias was found for nonwords. The bias effect for words or nonwords was not affected by spelling to sound regularitythat is, similar effects were obtained in the voweled and the unvoweled conditions. These results suggest that the amplitude envelope of the word is not assembled from the print. Rather, it is addressed directly from the printed word and retrieved from the mental lexicon. Since amplitude envelopes are contingent on detailed phonetic structures, this outcome suggests that representations of words in the mental lexicon are not only phonologic but also phonetic in character.
Wild Edible Plants Used by the People of Manang District, Central Nepal

Plant diversity plays an important role in maintaining the world's foods demands. Even today in Manang, a remote, mountainous district within the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal, local people gather substantial amounts of wild plants to meet their daily nutritional needs, with several species also used for trade. There has been little documented regarding the use of these wild foods, which play a part in both daily nutrition, and survival during times of famine. Moreover, planning for development, land use, economic growth and biodiversity conservation has not taken them into account. Information about edible wild plant use was gathered by interviewing knowledgeable villagers over a period of five years (2002–2006). In total, 41 plant species were used as sources of fruits, juice, vegetables, and achar (local relish or pickle). Several wild food plants that need intensive processing before consumption were documented, including the calcium oxalate containing Arisaema species. The traditional knowledge of use of wild food plants is decreasing in many parts of the world with the introduction of modern packed food items and Manang is not the exception. The results of this research will help to play a catalytic role to encourage dialogue among the people of Manang, and national and international scientific communities regarding long term bioprospecting research, and shape the creation of a rural livelihood strategy. Analysis of the nutritive and health values of some of these edible plant species may encourage the scientific community to build partnerships with local community to work towards long term sustainable utilization and conservation.
Differential Estradiol Requirement for the Induction of Estrus Behavior and the Luteinizing Hormone Surge in Two Breeds of Sheep1

Abstract For a better understanding of the mechanisms that lead to the preovulatory GnRH/LH surge and estrus behavior, the minimum estradiol (E) requirements (dose and duration) to induce each of these events were determined and compared between two breeds of ewes having either single (Ile de France) or multiple (Romanov) ovulations. The ewes were initially studied during a natural estrus cycle, and were then ovariectomized and run through successive artificial estrus cycles. For these artificial cycles the duration and amplitude of the follucular phase E increase were manipulated by E implants. Under all conditions, the onset of estrus behavior was similar in the two breeds, although its duration was longer in Romanov ewes. While a moderate E signal (6 cm for 12 h) induced an LH surge in 10/10 Ile de France ewes, a larger E signal (12 cm for 12 h) was minimally effective in Romanov ewes (4/10). Additional studies revealed that a small E signal (3 cm for 6 h) induced full estrus behavior in all Romanov ewes but was completely ineffective in Ile de France animals (0/10). Higher doses and mostly longer durations of the E signal (12 cm for 24 h) were required to induce a surge in all the Romanov ewes. These results demonstrate a clear difference in the E requirement for the induction of estrus behavior and the LH surge between breeds of ewes that have different ovulation rates. These data provide compelling evidence that, in one breed, the neuronal systems that regulate both events require different estrogen signals.
R × W: a scheduling approach for large-scale on-demand data broadcast

Broadcast is becoming an increasingly attractive data-dissemination method for large client populations. In order to effectively utilize a broadcast medium for such a service, it is necessary to have efficient on-line scheduling algorithms that can balance individual and overall performance and can scale in terms of data set sizes, client populations, and broadcast bandwidth. We propose an algorithm, called R/spl times/W, that provides good performance across all of these criteria and can be tuned to trade off average and worst-case waiting time. Unlike previous work on low overhead scheduling, the algorithm does not use estimates of the access probabilities of items, but rather, it makes scheduling decisions based on the current queue state, allowing it to easily adapt to changes in the intensity and distribution of the workload. We demonstrate the performance advantages of the algorithm under a range of scenarios using a simulation model and present analytical results that describe the intrinsic behavior of the algorithm.
Auld lang syne: success predictors, change processes, and self-reported outcomes of New Year's resolvers and nonresolvers.

New Year's resolvers (n = 159) and comparable nonresolvers interested in changing a problem later (n = 123) were followed for six months via telephone interviews to determine their self-reported outcomes, predictors of success, and change processes. The two groups did not differ in terms of demographic characteristics, problem histories, or behavioral goals (weight loss, exercise program, and smoking cessation being the most prevalent). Resolvers reported higher rates of success than nonresolvers; at six months, 46% of the resolvers were continuously successful compared to 4% of the nonresolvers. Self-efficacy, skills to change, and readiness to change assessed before January 1 all predicted positive outcome for resolvers. Once into the new year, successful resolvers employed more cognitive-behavioral processes but fewer awareness-generating and emotion-enhancing processes than nonsuccessful resolvers. Discussion centers on the research and intervention opportunities afforded by the annual tradition of resolutions.
Dependence of Neuroprosthetic Stimulation on the Sensory Modality of the Trigeminal Neurons Following Nerve Injury. Implications in the Design of Future Sensory Neuroprostheses for Correct Perception and Modulation of Neuropathic Pain

Amputation of a sensory peripheral nerve induces severe anatomical and functional changes along the afferent pathway as well as perception alterations and neuropathic pain. In previous studies we showed that electrical stimulation applied to a transected infraorbital nerve protects the somatosensory cortex from the above-mentioned sensory deprivation-related changes. In the present study we focus on the initial tract of the somatosensory pathway and we investigate the way weak electrical stimulation modulates the neuroprotective-neuroregenerative and functional processes of trigeminal ganglia primary sensory neurons by studying the expression of neurotrophins (NTFs) and Glia-Derived Neurotrophic Factors (GDNFs) receptors. Neurostimulation was applied to the proximal stump of a transected left infraorbitary nerve using a neuroprosthetic micro-device 12 h/day for 4 weeks in freely behaving rats. Neurons were studied by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry against RET (proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase “rearranged during transfection”), tropomyosin-related kinases (TrkA, TrkB, TrkC) receptors and IB4 (Isolectin B4 from Griffonia simplicifolia). Intra-group (left vs. right ganglia) and inter-group comparisons (between Control, Axotomization and Stimulation-after-axotomization groups) were performed using the mean percentage change of the number of positive cells per section [100∗(left–right)/right)]. Intra-group differences were studied by paired t-tests. For inter-group comparisons ANOVA test followed by post hoc LSD test (when P < 0.05) were used. Significance level (α) was set to 0.05 in all cases. Results showed that (i) neurostimulation has heterogeneous effects on primary nociceptive and mechanoceptive/proprioceptive neurons; (ii) neurostimulation affects RET-expressing small and large neurons which include thermo-nociceptors and mechanoceptors, as well as on the IB4- and TrkB-positive populations, which mainly correspond to non-peptidergic thermo-nociceptive cells and mechanoceptors respectively. Our results suggest (i) electrical stimulation differentially affects modality-specific primary sensory neurons (ii) artificial input mainly acts on specific nociceptive and mechanoceptive neurons (iii) neuroprosthetic stimulation could be used to modulate peripheral nerve injuries-induced neuropathic pain. These could have important functional implications in both, the design of effective clinical neurostimulation-based protocols and the development of neuroprosthetic devices, controlling primary sensory neurons through selective neurostimulation.
Comparison of newer scoring systems with the conventional scoring systems in general intensive care population.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the performance of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) IV, Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) III, and Mortality Probability Model (MPM) III0 and compare these systems to more widely validated prognosis prediction tools like APACHE II, III, SAPS II, MPM II0 and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. METHODS The study provided a retrospective analysis of data for all consecutive patients admitted to a medical ICU over a 15-month period. Data related to patient demographics, and that necessary to compute various scores were recorded. Calibration was assessed by calculating Lemeshow-Hosmer goodness-of-fit test. Discrimination was evaluated by calculating the area under curves (AUC). Primary outcome measure was Intensive Care Unit mortality. RESULTS Mortality predicted by APACHE IV score was closest to that of actual mortality with a SMR of 0.868 followed by that of MPM III0 (0.794) and SAPS III (0.763) scores. APACHE III (χ2=3.674), with P=0.885 had the best calibration followed by APACHE II (χ2=7.959; P=0.438) and SOFA scores (χ2=8.369; P=0.301). All scores had good efficacy and even though there was no significant difference between AUCs of various scores, MPM III0 (0.947) performed the best followed by APACHE IV (0.928) and MPM II0 (0.928). CONCLUSION Overall, the newer scoring systems performed better than their older counterparts and were more accurate. Nevertheless, the difference in efficacy was not statistically significant and the choice of scoring system may depend on the ease of use and local preferences.
Inexact computing using probabilistic circuits

Numerous computing applications can tolerate low error rates. In such applications, inexact approaches provide the ability to achieve significantly lower power. This work demonstrates the power-error trade-offs that can be achieved. Using probabilistic modeling in sub-50-nm silicon transistor technology, the relationship between statistical uncertainties and errors are elucidated for different configurations and topologies and the trade-offs quantified. Gate-level implementation of the probabilistic CMOS logic is validated by circuit simulations of a commercial 45-nm SOI CMOS process technology. Using a practical ALU architecture where voltages can be scaled from most significant to least significant bit blocks as an example, the potential benefits of this technique are shown. A calculation error of 10−6, an error rate quite tolerable for many computational tasks, is shown to be possible with a total power reduction of more than 40%.