Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leadership Styles and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Mediating Effect of Subordinates' Competence and Downward Influence Tactics

The objective of this study is to test a theory-based model predicting the relationships between leadership styles, subordinates’ competence, downward influence tactics and outcome of organizational citizenship behavior in Malaysian-based organizations. Data was collected from 347 respondents that represent major industries like services, manufacturing, mining and construction companies. Path analysis technique was used to test the model developed. The results show that the transformational leadership style has significant positive relationship with subordinates’ organizational citizenship behavior, whereas the transactional leader style is negatively related to organizational citizenship behavior. This result illustrates the direct effects of leadership styles on the subordinates’ outcome. In addition, inspirational appeals and consultation tactics, as downward influence tactics, were found to mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. Likewise, subordinates’ competence mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and consultation tactics. These results only partially support the efficacy of the influence theory, and therefore lend support to contingency theories of leadership. Implications for research and direction for future research are also discussed.
Analysis and Design of Two Low-Power Ultra-Wideband CMOS Low-Noise Amplifiers With Out-Band Rejection

Two 3-5-GHz low-power ultra-wideband (UWB) low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) with out-band rejection function using 0.18- ¿m CMOS technology are presented. Due to the Federal Communications Commission's stringent power-emission limitation at the transmitter, the received signal power in the UWB system is smaller than those of the close narrowband interferers such as the IEEE 802.11 a/b/g wireless local area network, and the 1.8-GHz digital cellular service/global system for mobile communications. Therefore, we proposed a wideband input network with out-band rejection capability to suppress the out-band properties for our first UWB LNA. Moreover, a feedback structure and dual-band notch filter with low-power active inductors will further attenuate the out-band interferers without deteriorating the input matching bandwidth in the second UWB LNA. The 55/48/45 dB maximum rejections at 1.8/2.4/5.2 GHz, a power gain of 15 dB, and 3.5-dB minimum noise figure can be measured while consuming a dc power of only 5 mW.
Spectroscopic Identification of a Protocluster at z = 2.300: Environmental Dependence of Galaxy Properties at High Redshift

We have discovered a highly significant overdensity of galaxies at z = 2.300 ± 0.015 in the course of a redshift survey designed to select star-forming galaxies in the redshift range z = 2.3 ± 0.4 in the field of the bright z = 2.72 QSO HS 1700+643. The structure has a redshift-space galaxy overdensity of δ ≃ 7 and an estimated matter overdensity in real space of δm ≃ 1.8, indicating that it will virialize by z ~ 0 with a mass scale of ≃1.4 × 1015 M☉, that of a rich galaxy cluster. Detailed modeling of the spectral energy distribution—from the rest-frame far-UV to the rest-frame near-IR—of the 72 spectroscopically confirmed galaxies in this field for which we have obtained Ks and Spitzer IRAC photometry allows for a first direct comparison of galaxy properties as a function of large-scale environment at high redshift. We find that galaxies in the protocluster environment have mean stellar masses and inferred ages that are ~2 times larger (at z = 2.30) than identically UV-selected galaxies outside of the structure, and we show that this is consistent with simple theoretical expectations for the acceleration of structure formation in a region that is overdense on large scales by the observed amount. The protocluster environment contains a significant number of galaxies that already appear old, with large stellar masses (>1011 M☉), by z = 2.3.
FAO-56 Dual Crop Coefficient Method for Estimating Evaporation from Soil and Application Extensions

Crop coefficient curves provide simple, reproducible means to estimate crop evapotranspiration (ET) from weather-based reference ET values. The dual crop coefficient sKcd method of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United States (FAO) Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56 (FAO-56) is intended to improve daily simulation of crop ET by considering separately the contribution of evaporation from soil. The dual method utilizes "basal" crop coefficients representing ET from crops having a dry soil surface and separately predicts evaporation from bare soil based on a water balance of the soil surface layer. Three extensions to the evaporation calculation procedure are described here that are intended to improve accuracy when applications warrant the extra complex- ity. The first extension uses parallel water balances representing the portion of the soil surface wetted by irrigation and precipitation together and the portion wetted by precipitation alone. The second extension uses three "stages" for surface drying and provides for application to deep cracking soils. The third extension predicts the extraction of the transpiration component from the soil surface layer. Sensitivity and analyses and illustrations indicate moderate sensitivity of daily calculated ET to application of the extensions. The dual Kc procedure, although relatively simple computationally and structurally, estimates daily ET as measured by lysimeter relatively well for periods of bare soil and partial and full vegetation cover.
Sensitivity of ASAR ap data to wheat crop parameters

This paper illustrates some results obtained in the frame of an experimental campaign carried out on several wheat fields of the Matera (Italy) site, from February 2003 to June 2004. During this period, ENVISAT ASAR data, at alternating polarization mode and at dierent incidence angles, were acquired on the area roughly every week. Ground data such as soil moisture content, wheat biomass, LAI etc., were also collected during the wheat growing seasons. The paper focuses on the relationship between HH/VV ASAR backscatter at high incidence angle and wheat fresh biomass as well as LAI. Observations show a strong correlation between HH/VV ASAR backscatter at about 40 0 and LAI from tillering to heading stage. In addition, the HH/VV-LAI relationship has been found quite robust with respect to inter-field and inter-year variability. Conversely, the HH/VVfresh wheat biomass relationship has been found not reliable over wheat fields with significant presence of weeds. No significant dierences in the HH/VV-LAI relationship between wheat and oat crops has been found. These observations indicate that, at least over the same agricultural area, it should be possible to design, implement and assess a retrieval algorithm to estimate LAI of cereal fields from ASAR AP data at high incidence angles.
Ultra-high energy cosmic rays detected by the Pierre Auger observatory First direct evidence, and its implications, that a subset originate in nearby radiogalaxies

Context. The Pierre Auger Collaboration has reported 27 Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray Events (UHECRs) with energies above 56 × 10 18 eV (56 EeV) and well determined arrival directions as of 2007 August 31. They find that the arrival directions of these UHECRs are not isotropic, but instead appear correlated with the positions of nearby Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) from the catalog of Veron-Cetty & Veron. Aims. Our aim was to determine the sources of these UHECRs by comparing their arrival directions with more complete and/or comprehensive astronomical source catalogs. Methods. We have cross correlated the arrival directions of the UHECRs with the positions of supernovae, radio supernovae, galaxies, active galaxies, radiogalaxies, and clusters of galaxies, all at distances within ∼200 Mpc. Results. Four (eight) of the 27 UHECRs with energy greater than 56 EeV detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory have arrival directions within 1.5 ◦ (3.5 ◦ ) of the extended (≥180 kpc) radio structures of nearby radiogalaxies or the single nearby BL Lac with extended radio structure. Conversely the radio structures of three (six) of all ten nearest extended radiogalaxies are within 1.5 ◦ (3.5 ◦ ) of a UHECR; three of the remaining four radiogalaxies are in directions with lower exposure times. This correlation between nearby extended radiogalaxies and a subset of UHECRs is significant at the 99.9% level. For the remaining ∼20 UHECRs, an isotropic distribution cannot be ruled out at high significance. The correlation found by the Auger Collaboration between the 27 UHECRs and AGNs in the Veron-Cetty & Veron catalog at D < 71 Mpc has a much lower significance when one considers only the ∼20 UHECRs not “matched” to nearby extended radiogalaxies. No clear correlation is seen between UHECRs and supernovae, supernova remnants, nearby galaxies, or nearby groups and clusters of galaxies. Conclusions. Nearby extended radiogalaxies are the most likely source of at least some UHECRs detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory. The remaining UHECRs are not inconsistent with an isotropic distribution; their correlation to nearby AGNs is much less significant than earlier estimated. This is the first direct observational proof that radio galaxies are a significant source of UHECRs. The primary difference between the UHECR detections at the Pierre Auger Observatory and previous experiments, e.g. AGASA, may thus primarily be that the Southern Hemisphere is more privileged with respect to nearby radiogalaxies with highly extended radio jets and lobes.
Eigenvalue Estimates for Submanifolds with Locally Bounded Mean Curvature

We present a method to obtain lower bounds for firstDirichlet eigenvalue in terms of vector fields with positivedivergence. Applying this to the gradient of a distance functionwe obtain estimates of eigenvalue of balls inside the cut locus and of domains Ω ⊂ M ∩ BN(p, r) in submanifolds M ⊂ϕNwith locally bounded mean curvature. Forsubmanifolds of Hadamard manifolds with bounded mean curvaturethese lower bounds depend only on the dimension of the submanifold and the bound on its mean curvature.
Capacity development for knowledge translation: evaluation of an experiential approach through secondment opportunities.

BACKGROUND Experiential approaches to skills development using secondment models are shown to benefit healthcare organizations more generally, but little is known about the potential of this approach to develop capacity for knowledge translation (KT). AIM To evaluate the success of KT capacity development secondments from the perspective of multiple stakeholders. METHODS A pluralistic evaluation design was used. Data were collected during 2011-2012 using focus group and individual interviews with 14 clinical and academic secondees, and five managers from host and seconding organizations to gain insight into participants' perceptions of the success of secondments and the criteria by which they judged success. Six After Action Reviews were undertaken with KT project teams to explore participants' perceptions of the contribution secondees made to KT projects. Semistructured interviews were undertaken with three healthcare managers on completion of projects to explore the impact of secondments on the organization, staff, and patients. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify criteria for success. The criteria provided a framework through which the overall success of secondments could be judged. RESULTS Six criteria for judging the success of the secondments at individual, team, and organization level were identified: KT skills development, effective workload management, team working, achieving KT objectives, enhanced care delivery, and enhanced education delivery. Benefits to the individual, KT team, seconding, and host organizations were identified. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Hosting teams should provide mentorship support to secondees, and be flexible to accommodate secondees' needs as team members. Ongoing support of managers from seconding organizations is needed to maximize the benefits to individual secondees and the organization. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION Experiential approaches to KT capacity development using secondments can benefit individual secondees, project teams, seconding, and host organizations.
MobileMiner: mining your frequent patterns on your phone

Smartphones can collect considerable context data about the user, ranging from apps used to places visited. Frequent user patterns discovered from longitudinal, multi-modal context data could help personalize and improve overall user experience. Our long term goal is to develop novel middleware and algorithms to efficiently mine user behavior patterns entirely on the phone by utilizing idle processor cycles. Mining patterns on the mobile device provides better privacy guarantees to users, and reduces dependency on cloud connectivity. As an important step in this direction, we develop a novel general-purpose service called MobileMiner that runs on the phone and discovers frequent co-occurrence patterns indicating which context events frequently occur together. Using longitudinal context data collected from 106 users over 1--3 months, we show that MobileMiner efficiently generates patterns using limited phone resources. Further, we find interesting behavior patterns for individual users and across users, ranging from calling patterns to place visitation patterns. Finally, we show how our co-occurrence patterns can be used by developers to improve the phone UI for launching apps or calling contacts.
Relationship of Intramural Participation to GPA and Retention in First-Time-in-College Students

The purpose of this investigation is to examine the relationship of intramural participation with academic performance and retention rates in first time in college (FTIC) students. Intramural participation of all students was tracked during the fall 2010 and spring 2011 semesters. An intramural database of participants was cross-referenced with an institutional database to compare grade point average (GPA) and retention rates based on intramural participation. There was no significant difference in GPA between the intramural participation groups as determined by one-way ANOVA, F(2, 586) = 1.669, p = . 189 (during the fall 2010 semester) or F(2, 557) = . 102, p = . 903 (during the spring 2011 semester). The retention rate was 5.9% higher in those FTIC students that participated in intramurals. The results support the consideration of intramural participation as a factor in increasing retention through providing opportunities for campus engagement without the fear of hindering academic performance.
Assessing the Effects of Partisan Bias at the Group Level of Analysis: A Hidden Profile Experiment

Although there is some evidence in the political arena that pooling information can overcome individual biases to improve decision-making accuracy, research from the group communication and psychology arenas suggests otherwise. Specifically, research on the hidden profile, a group-level decision-making problem, suggests that groups are decidedly biased when making decisions. This laboratory experiment tested whether or not partisan biases manifest at the group level of analysis. In the main, it was found that groups composed of either all Republican or all Democratic group members were likely to make a decision that was consonant with their party’s political ideology, which ultimately impacted hidden profile solution rates (i.e., decision accuracy). Moreover, supplemental analyses suggest that Republican and Democratic groups reached their biased decisions through different means. A discussion is provided in which the implications of these results are considered.
Optimization of high-performance superscalar architectures for energy efficiency

In recent years reducing power has become a critical design goal for high-performance microprocessors. This work attempts to bring the power issue to the earliest phase of high-performance microprocessor development. We propose a methodology for power-optimization at the micro-architectural level. First, major targets for power reduction are identified within superscalar microarchitecture, then an optimization of a superscalar micro-architecture is performed that generates a set of energy-efficient configurations forming a convex hull in the power-performance space. The energy-efficient families are then compared to find configurations that dissipate the lowest power given a performance target, or, conversely, deliver the highest performance given a power budget. Application of the developed methodology to a superscalar microarchitecture shows that at the architectural level there is a potential for reducing power up to 50%, given a performance requirement, and for up to 15% performance improvement, given a power budget.
House Prices as Indicators of Monetary Policy : Evidence from China

This paper assesses empirically whether China's central bank should react to house prices and if so how. We use three kinds of VAR models including structural VARs with a combination of short-run and long-run restrictions to solve the endogeneity problem of identifying shocks to monetary policy and house prices. Broader money supply (M2) and the one-year lending rate are used as monetary policy proxies according to the distinctive background in China. The interaction between M2 and house prices is much more evident than the effects of M2 and house prices on GDP and CPI. In the three-variable VARs, GDP reacts to the M2 shock more considerably than it does in the four-variable SVARs. In the structural identification model, M2 and interest rates respond to a house price shock more sensitively than they do in the Cholesky identification. Following a tight money shock, under structural identification, output decreases to a lesser extent and CPI falls slowly, which lessens the negative impact on the macroeconomy compared with the Cholesky identification. Relevant policy implications are also discussed.
Body Image Disturbance in Acromegaly Patients Compared to Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenoma Patients and Controls

Purpose. Excess growth hormone secretion in adults results in acromegaly, a condition in which multiple physical changes occur including bony and soft tissue overgrowth. Over time these changes can markedly alter a person's appearance. The aim of this study was to compare body image disturbance in patients with acromegaly to those with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFAs) and controls and assess the impact of obesity in these groups. Methods. A cross-sectional survey including quality of life, body image disturbance, anxiety and depression measures, growth hormone, and BMI measurement was carried out. Results. The groups did not differ with respect to body image disturbance. However separate analysis of obese participants demonstrated relationships between mood scales, body image disturbance, and pain issues, particularly for acromegaly patients. Conclusions. While the primary hypothesis that acromegaly might be associated with body image disturbance was not borne out, we have shown that obesity together with acromegaly and NFA can be associated with body image issues, suggesting that BMI rather than primary diagnosis might better indicate whether patients might experience body image disturbance problems.
Further Exploring Differences in Business Undergraduate Perceived Outcomes by Preferred Classroom Learning Environment

The purpose of this study was to compare business undergraduate online/hybrid course perceptions across three different preferred classroom learning environments (CLE): online, hybrid, or face-to-face (F2F). Six different perception-based outcomes were measured: easy to use technology, peer-perceived favorability of online/hybrid courses (peer-PFoOC); instructor-perceived favorability of online/hybrid courses (instructor-PFoOC); intent to recommend online/hybrid courses; institutional commitment; and persistence towards graduation. Undergraduates who were simultaneously taking at least one online or hybrid class and F2F course, i.e., mixed course delivery format, voluntarily completed an online survey. In the fall of 2017, a complete-data sample of n = 242 respondents was obtained and in the spring of 2018 the complete-data sample was n = 237. Consistent results across both samples were found for the outcomes. Undergraduates who preferred either online or hybrid CLE had significantly higher peer-PFoOC, instructor-PFoOC, and intent to recommend online/hybrid courses than students preferring an F2F environment. There were no differences between these three CLE preference groups in perceived easy to use technology, institutional commitment or persistence. As universities increase their online and hybrid course offerings monitoring student perceived outcomes between F2F and online/hybrid course sections will continue to be important.
On the Nature of the Variable Infrared Emission from Sagittarius A*

Recent infrared (IR) observations of the center of our Galaxy indicate that the supermassive black hole (SMBH) source Sgr A* is strongly variable in the IR. The timescale for the variability, ~30 minutes, is comparable to that of the X-ray flares observed by Chandra and XMM-Newton, suggesting a common physical origin. In this paper, we investigate the nature of the IR emission in the context of models recently proposed to interpret the X-ray flares. We show that the IR emission in Sgr A* can be well explained by nonthermal synchrotron emission if a small fraction of the electrons in the innermost region of the accretion flow around the black hole are accelerated into a broken power-law distribution, perhaps through transient events such as magnetic reconnection. The model predicts differences in the variability amplitudes of flares in the IR and X-rays, in general agreement with observations. It also predicts that the IR emission should be linearly polarized, as has indeed been observed during one epoch. IR and X-ray flares analogous to those observed in Sgr A* may be detectable from other accreting SMBHs, provided L ≲ 10-8LEdd; at higher luminosities, the flaring emission is dominated by thermal synchrotron self-Compton emission, which is likely to be less variable.