Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation: Enforcement and Compliance

There has been a significant increase in regulation of civil society in the late twentieth century by governments to ensure that their policy objectives are being achieved. As a result a wide range of institutions are subject to a range of regulatory practices. These institutions are involved in every aspect of daily life, ranging from environmental and occupational health and safety through to crime control, competition practices, professional and business conduct. This collection of papers is from an Australian Institute of Criminology conference which was held in conjunction with the Regulatory Institutions Network (RegNet) at the Australian National University and the Division of Business and Enterprise at the University of South Australia in Melbourne in September 2002. The papers summarise issues relating to the emergence of the 'new regulatory state', the various forms of regulatory techniques that are being used, the way in which regulatory regimes are increasingly being networked to ensure compliance, and the conflicts that can sometimes emerge from such an interface.
Aberrant Production of Tenascin-C in Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy Alters Psychosine-Induced Microglial Functions

Abstract Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD), or Krabbe disease, is a rare and often fatal demyelinating disease caused by mutations in the galactocerebrosidase (galc) gene that result in accumulation of galactosylsphingosine (psychosine). We recently reported that the extracellular matrix (ECM) protease, matrix metalloproteinase-3, is elevated in GLD and that it regulates psychosine-induced microglial activation. Here, we examined central nervous system ECM component expression in human GLD patients and in the twitcher mouse model of GLD using immunohistochemistry. The influence of ECM proteins on primary murine microglial responses to psychosine was evaluated using ECM proteins as substrates and analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemistry, and ELISA. Functional analysis of microglial cytotoxicity was performed on oligodendrocytes in coculture, and cell death was measured by lactose dehydrogenase assay. Tenascin-C (TnC) was expressed at higher levels in human GLD and in twitcher mice versus controls. Microglial responses to psychosine were enhanced by TnC, as determined by an increase in globoid-like cell formation, matrix metalloproteinase-3 mRNA expression, and higher toxicity toward oligodendrocytes in culture. These findings were consistent with a shift toward the M1 microglial phenotype in TnC-grown microglia. Thus, elevated TnC expression in GLD modified microglial responses to psychosine. These data offer a novel perspective and enhance understanding of the microglial contribution to GLD pathogenesis.
Tabu Search vs . GRASP for the Maximum Diversity Problem

The Maximum Diversity Problem (MDP) consists in determining a subset M of given cardinality from a set of elements N , in such a way that the sum of the pairwise distances between the elements of M is maximum. This problem, introduced by Glover [6], has been deeply studied using GRASP methodologies [5, 1, 13, 2]. GRASP is often characterized by a strong design effort dedicated to build high quality randomized starting solutions, while the subsequent improvement phase is usually performed by a standard local search technique. The purpose of this paper is to explore a somewhat opposite approach, that is to refine the local search phase, by adopting Tabu Search methodologies, while keeping a very simple initialization procedure. Extensive computational results show that Tabu Search achieves both better results and much shorter computational times with respect to those reported for GRASP.
Effects of peer influence on dietary intake and physical activity in schoolchildren

Abstract Objective To investigate the dietary intake and physical activity of boys and girls aged 9–13 years, and the influence of peers on these behaviours. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Nine primary and secondary schools in south-west London. Subjects A total of 315 children wore sealed pedometers, provided self-report measures of dietary intake and answered a questionnaire relating to peer influence. Anthropometric measures of height and weight were also obtained. Results Obese children had the lowest reported energy intakes and the lowest step counts per day. Boys took significantly more steps per day than girls, however girls were closer to achieving their recommended cut-offs for physical activity. Girls had lower energy intakes per day and lower BMI Z-scores than boys, however both genders, across all age groups, had higher than recommended intakes of saturated fat. There were significant associations between peer influence and physical activity levels but not between peer influence and dietary intake. Conclusions Low energy intake and physical activity levels but high saturated fat intakes among boys and girls across all age groups highlight the importance of promoting both physical activity and healthy food choices. The finding that peers have a significant effect on physical activity levels but not on dietary intake offers an important approach for the design of health promotion interventions and obesity prevention programmes. Such designs may be particularly beneficial for obese youth, since the low physical activity levels found could be a major contributing factor to the maintenance of the condition.
A Semi-Analytical Parametric Model for Dependent Defaults

A semi-analytical parametric approach to modeling default dependency is presented. It is a multi-factor model based on instantaneous default correlation that also takes into account higher order default correlations. It is capable of accommodating a term structure of default correlations and has a dynamic formulation in the form of a continuous time Markov chain. With two factors and a constant hazard rate, it provides perfect fits to four tranches of CDX.NA. IG and iTraxx Europe CDOs of 5, 7 and 10 year maturities. With time dependent hazard rates, it provides perfect fits to all the five tranches for all three maturities.
Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi dan Komitmen terhadap Kinerja Karyawan

The objectives of this study are to determine the direct effect of organizational culture on employee performance, and to investigate the indirect effect of organizational culture on the employee performance through commitment. The study was explanatory research, using a sample of 86 employees that was obtained with the Proportional Stratified Random Sampling method. The instrument used is a questionnaire enclosed with a five-level Likert scale model. The data analysis technique used was path analysis. The results showed that organizational culture has a direct influence and indirect influence on the performance of employees through a commitment, so the strengthening the values of organizational culture in the company directly can lead to increase employee performance, while also increasing commitment will affect employees. Indirect effect of organizational culture on the performance through a commitment has a greater effect than the direct effect of organizational culture on the performance. The recommended suggestion from this study is that commitment, self development, and employee’s need should be established. In addition, research and development on the model of organizational culture and work satisfaction should be conducted.
Determinants of nurse performance in accredited Indonesian private hospitals

This study analyzes the effect of transformational leadership on nurse performance using intervening variables of social competence, self-efficacy, and burnout. The partial least square data analysis method with an explanatory research type is used. Primary data are obtained via a questionnaire. A nurse population of 160 from five private hospitals in Indonesia’s East Java Region was analyzed using proportional random sampling. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and partial least squares (PLS). The result of this study proved that transformational leadership has no significant effect on nurse performance, however, it affects significantly on social competence, self-efficacy, and has significant negative effect on burnout. The low performance of nurse was caused by the main job that is providing service for patient and doing administration work for BPJS, which require plenty of time, that the inseparable part of a nurse life is burnout, regarding the high mobility in providing service for patient. Social competence has a significant positive effect on nurse performance, self-efficacy has a significant positive effect on burnout, self-efficacy has a significant positive effect on nurse performance, and burnout has a significant negative effect on nurse performance. Novelty of this study is self-efficacy that has a significant positive effect on social competence.
Prevalence of Chiari‐like Malformations in Clinically Unaffected Dogs

Background The importance of Chiari‐like malformation (CM) in the generation of clinical signs or the formation of syringomyelia in dogs is incompletely understood, partly because the prevalence of various CM definitions in unaffected dogs is unknown. Hypothesis/Objectives The aims were: to estimate the prevalence of CM in dogs asymptomatic for CM or syringomyelia, according to 3 currently used definitions; and, to investigate the effect of brachycephaly and head position during magnetic resonance (MR) imaging on estimates of the prevalence of CM. Animals One ninety‐nine client‐owned dogs without apparent signs of CM or syringomyelia. Methods Blinded, retrospective analysis. Archived MR images were analyzed for evidence of cerebellar indentation and impaction into or herniation through the foramen magnum. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship of CM diagnosis with head position and the cranial index (a measure of brachycephaly). Results In 185 non‐Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) dogs, indentation was identified in 44% (95% CI, 47–51%) and impaction in 22% (95% CI, 16–28%). No asymptomatic, non‐CKCS dogs showed herniation. Regression analysis showed a significant increase in the odds of indentation and impaction in an extended head position and as the cranial index increased (became more brachycephalic). Conclusions and Clinical Importance The high prevalence of cerebellar indentation and impaction suggests that they may be normal anatomical variations and therefore unsuitable as definitions of CM. We suggest that future research into CM in dogs should define cases and controls more strictly so that overlap between normal and abnormal animals is minimized.
Land Suitability Evaluation for Irrigation in Dejen District, Ethiopia

The objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the soil properties of the area for irrigation purpose. Soil properties of the study area such as texture, depth, electrical conductivity, drainage, calcium carbonate content and slope were collected from eight sampling sites in the form of semi-detailed surveying level. Qualitative evaluation was carried out by means of parametric method. The results showed that the major portion of the cultivated area (308.1ha) is deemed as being marginally suitable (S3) land due to moderate slope, and medium soil depth. 33ha of the area was found to be currently non-suitable (N1) mainly due to moderate slope, gravelly soil texture and medium soil depth. In the study area, 120.2ha was also found as permanently non-suitable (N2) because of the high slope, gravelly soil texture and shallow soil depth. For almost the total study area elements such as salinity, drainage and CaCO3 were not considered as limiting factors.
A Riemannian Framework for Statistical Analysis of Topological Persistence Diagrams

Topological data analysis is becoming a popular way to study high dimensional feature spaces without any contextual clues or assumptions. This paper concerns itself with one popular topological feature, which is the number of d–dimensional holes in the dataset, also known as the Betti–d number. The persistence of the Betti numbers over various scales is encoded into a persistence diagram (PD), which indicates the birth and death times of these holes as scale varies. A common way to compare PDs is by a pointto-point matching, which is given by the n-Wasserstein metric. However, a big drawback of this approach is the need to solve correspondence between points before computing the distance, for n points, the complexity grows according to O(n3). Instead, we propose to use an entirely new framework built on Riemannian geometry, that models PDs as 2D probability density functions that are represented in the square-root framework on a Hilbert Sphere. The resulting space is much more intuitive with closed form expressions for common operations. The distance metric is 1) correspondence-free and also 2) independent of the number of points in the dataset. The complexity of computing distance between PDs now grows according to O(K2), for a K K discretization of [0, 1]2. This also enables the use of existing machinery in differential geometry towards statistical analysis of PDs such as computing the mean, geodesics, classification etc. We report competitive results with the Wasserstein metric, at a much lower computational load, indicating the favorable properties of the proposed approach.
Vulnerable Cloud: SOAP Message Security Validation Revisited

The service-oriented architecture paradigm is influencing modern software systems remarkably and Web Services are a common technology to implement such systems. However, the numerous Web Service standard specifications and especially their ambiguity result in a high complexity which opens the door for security-critical mistakes.This paper aims on raising awareness of this issue while discussing a vulnerability in Amazon’s Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) services to XML wrapping attacks, which has since been resolved as a result of our findings and disclosure. More importantly, this paper discusses the verification steps required to effectively validate an incoming SOAP request. It reviews the available work in the light of the discovered Amazon EC2 vulnerability and provides a practical guideline for achieving a robust and effective SOAP message security validation mechanism.
Hyper-Quad-Tree based K-Means Clustering Algorithm for Fault Prediction

Many researchers examined the need for the development of fault-free software and increase the efficiency of presented algorithms. An optimization of existing algorithms and software fault prediction are two important techniques. It is proven that this technique has to be useful in increasing effectiveness of software, software testing, examining progression costs and achieving results. This paper illustrates hyper quad tree based k-means algorithm for software fault prediction. This system overcomes the weaknesses in k-means algorithm using Hyper Quad Tree as compared to Quad Tree. Hyper quad tree works in n-dimensions hence it finds better initial cluster centers than former algorithms. This constraint of k-means algorithm is try to solve by hyper quad tree. Another crisis is that k-means is very susceptible to the noise , which is also removed by hyper quad tree algorithm.
Do Monetary Incentives Improve Response Rates in the Survey of Income and Programme Participation

The Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) used a monetary incentive in the initial interview of the 1996 panel to lower nonresponse rates. As in other longitudinal surveys, nonresponse rates increase in SIPP panels over time. We plan to interview sample households in the 1996 SIPP panel over a longer period than previous panels, 48 months versus 32 months. Consequently, we expect nonresponse levels to reach record levels, 30% or more by the end of the panel. We conducted an experiment to study the effect of $10 and $20 incentives on nonresponse and interviewing costs. James [1997] analyzed data from the first year of the panel. She found that the $20 incentive was effective in lowering nonresponse rates and that any incentive lowered the number of interviewer visits needed per case. This paper extends the analysis to cover interviews over two years, studies additional population subgroups, and looks at item completion rates.
A preliminary investigation of the effect of hypomanic personality on the specificity and speed of autobiographical memory recall

There is some evidence that patients with bipolar disorder recall more overgeneral than specific autobiographical memories, a pattern widely reported in depression. However, there are also theoretical arguments (Barnard, Watkins, & Ramponi, 2006) suggesting that experiential processing should predominate during mania/hypomania, with an associated prediction of an increase in specific rather than overgeneral memories. This hypothesis was explicitly tested using the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT). The specificity and speed of autobiographical recollection was compared for those with high or low levels of hypomanic personality as indexed by the Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS). High HPS scorers recalled specific autobiographical memories in response to unpleasant cues more frequently and faster than low scorers. These results provide partial support for the hypothesis, but only for unpleasant cues.
AUTOGEN: automatic discovery of cache-oblivious parallel recursive algorithms for solving dynamic programs

We present AUTOGEN---an algorithm that for a wide class of dynamic programming (DP) problems automatically discovers highly efficient cache-oblivious parallel recursive divide-and-conquer algorithms from inefficient iterative descriptions of DP recurrences. AUTOGEN analyzes the set of DP table locations accessed by the iterative algorithm when run on a DP table of small size, and automatically identifies a recursive access pattern and a corresponding provably correct recursive algorithm for solving the DP recurrence. We use AUTOGEN to autodiscover efficient algorithms for several well-known problems. Our experimental results show that several autodiscovered algorithms significantly outperform parallel looping and tiled loop-based algorithms. Also these algorithms are less sensitive to fluctuations of memory and bandwidth compared with their looping counterparts, and their running times and energy profiles remain relatively more stable. To the best of our knowledge, AUTOGEN is the first algorithm that can automatically discover new nontrivial divide-and-conquer algorithms.
The implementation of a social studies curriculum

This article describes a study that evaluated implementation of curriculum materials for secondary social studies. The evaluation focused on the actual use of the materials by individual teachers in their classrooms. A large discrepancy emerged between the original intentions of the curriculum developers and the observed instructional processes. This result will be discussed against background information about the broader implementation context and the curriculum development approach that was followed.
Importance of logistics services attributes influencing customer satisfaction

An attempt to assess customer satisfaction with the service quality is a common research topic pursued by many scholars. By analysing the existing research in the area of logistics services evaluation, including refrigerated transport, it should be noted that the issues concerned are presented in a selective manner. The aim of this paper is to present the results of conducted surveys regarding the importance of the logistics services attributes influencing customer satisfaction in the field of road refrigerated transport. In order to respect the qualitative nature of collected information, a ordered weighted averaging technique (OWA) was applied. In turn, the rationale of the RR approach can also be applied in order to estimate the performance of the logistics service attributes as evaluated by the customers. The findings obtained from the interviews regarding the expectations and the evaluation of the quality level were used to perform analyses based on the so-called fifth vulnerability, developed by the Parasuraman team and included in the SERVQUAL method. The research concerned an analysis of the key criteria for the evaluation of the quality of logistics services in the examined area. The research was based on a questionnaire designed for purchasers of logistics services. The respondents were companies using refrigerated transport.
Generation of novel Chagas vaccines: evolving studies/work in progress

Chagas disease, caused by persistent chronic infection with the tropical parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, remains a severe cause of morbidity and mortality in the South American poor population. There are no Chagas vaccines for human use available nor in human clinical vaccine trials. We have previously shown that T cells alone provide protection to normally susceptible BALB/c mice against lethal systemic parasite challenge. The availability of 'humanized' mice (i.e., HLA DR1/A2 dual transgenic mice) allows us to perform similar studies eliciting data more relevant to human Chagas vaccine development. The goals of our evolving studies are to: 1) identify sequences predicted to bind multiple HLA alleles within a) the highly conserved functional (enzymatically active) trans-sialidase (TS) gene family members, b) the larger subset of non-functional TS genes, and c) the total gene subset expressed during human infection, 2) verify that predicted epitopes are presented by MHC during human T. cruzi infection, 3) prepare several DNA vaccines encoding multiple class I and class II parasite epitopes, and 4) perform immunization/challenge experiments in HLA-DR1/A2 dual transgenic mice to determine whether these novel T cell-driven vaccines induce immunity protective against acute lethal challenges as well as against chronic inflammation and disease.