Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increased toxicity and lack of efficacy of Rofecoxib in combination with chemotherapy for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: A phase II study

Preclinical and clinical models have demonstrated that cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) is overexpressed in primary and metastatic colorectal tumors. In preclinical models, there appears to be additive or synergistic effects when combining 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) for the treatment of colorectal neoplasms. This data raised the question as to whether adding a COX‐2 inhibitor to 5‐FU‐based regimens would increase the response rates with an acceptable toxicity profile in patients with metastatic colon cancer. In the current study, patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, who were either untreated or previously treated (more than 1 year ago) with adjuvant 5‐FU and Leucovorin (LV) received 5‐FU and LV (Mayo regimen) in addition to Rofecoxib. Tumor samples from all patients exhibited evidence of moderate COX‐2 over‐expression. 4 patients entered on the study developed upper gastrointestinal bleeding (grade III). Other toxicities included grade II stomatitis (3 patients), grade II thrombocytopenia (1 patient), grade II diarrhea (2 patients) and grade I nausea (1 patient). There were no partial or complete responses in the first 10 patients entered on the study so the study was terminated (probability of success < 0.3 with type 1 error of 0.05 and power of 0.8). Thus, Rofecoxib did not appear to increase antitumor activity and resulted in increased gastrointestinal toxicity when combined with 5‐FU/LV. Future studies will need to consider the added gastrointestinal toxicity of Rofecoxib when combined with chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Investigation on Flooding Perception along Erren River Bank in Tainan, Taiwan

Due to the impact of global climate change, the urban flooding in Taiwan occurs frequently, causes serious damage. Understanding the disaster perception is desirable in order to implement the urban disaster management. This paper aims to investigate the flood perception of residents along Erren River Bank in Tainan, Taiwan by using questionnaire survey method. The findings show that the residents tend to be at peace with flooding. Compared to the disaster resistant implement by government, the residents believe that the adoption of autonomic disaster resistant action will decrease the flooding damage effectively.
Advancing the State-of-the-Art in Hardware Trojans Detection

Over the past decade, Hardware Trojans (HTs) research community has made significant progress towards developing effective countermeasures for various types of HTs, yet these countermeasures are shown to be circumvented by sophisticated HTs designed subsequently. Therefore, instead of guaranteeing a certain (low) false negative rate for a small <italic>constant</italic> set of publicly known HTs, a rigorous security framework of HTs should provide an effective algorithm to detect any HT from an <italic>exponentially large</italic> class (exponential in number of wires in IP core) of HTs with negligible false negative rate. In this work, we present HaTCh, the first rigorous algorithm of HT detection within the paradigm of pre-silicon logic testing based tools. HaTCh detects any HT from <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_D$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="haider-ieq1-2654352.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, a huge class of deterministic HTs which is orders of magnitude larger than the small subclass (e.g., TrustHub) considered in the current literature. We prove that HaTCh offers negligible false negative rate and controllable false positive rate for the class <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_D$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="haider-ieq2-2654352.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>. Given certain global characteristics regarding the stealthiness of the HT within <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_D$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="haider-ieq3-2654352.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, the computational complexity of HaTCh for practical HTs scales polynomially with the number of wires in the IP core. We implement and test HaTCh on TrustHub and other sophisticated HTs.
Protective Effect of Electrical Stimulation in the Deafened Guinea Pig Cochlea

The effect of chronic intrascalar electrical stimulation on the spiral ganglion cell survival of the ototoxically deafened guinea pig was investigated. Immediately after ototoxic drug administration, unilateral sinusoidal (1 kHz) charge-balanced electrical stimulation on a 50% duty cycle was administered for 2 hours per day, 5 days per week, at intensities from 0 (control) to 400 μAmp via an implanted scala tympani electrode. The relationship of electrically evoked middle latency response (EMLR) to stimulation protocol and cell survival was studied. At 9 weeks post-drug treatment, the animals were killed and temporal bones were prepared for morphometric analysis of spiral ganglion cell density. The subjects showed essentially complete elimination of outer hair sensory cells, with minimal remaining inner hair cells confined to apical turns. Variable loss of spiral ganglion cell populations was observed, which related to electrical stimulation. In animals that received daily unilaterally electrical stimulation, statistically significant increases in survival of spiral ganglion cells were observed in the stimulated ear, compared to the nonstimulated ear—particularly in basal cochlear regions near the electrode. Spiral ganglion cell density was a function of stimulation current intensity level. Moreover, the slope of the amplitude input/output (I/O) function of the EMLR was found to be dependent on stimulating current level. The effect of stimulation on induced survival may be dependent on a number of mechanisms, including metabolic effects of direct activation of “deafferented” spiral ganglion cells. These data support the suggestion that implantation may provide optimal benefits when performed shortly after deafness.
NAL-SIM: An Interactive Simulator for H.264/AVC Video Coding and Transmission

In this paper we present a high-level graphical simulator for video coding and transmission using the H.264/AVC standard. The main objective of the developed simulator is to build an overall video communication system model including source encoding, channel modeling and decoding in order to interactively investigate the performance of various H.264/AVC coding schemes in the face of bandwidth constraints and channel errors. The developed simulator can be employed as a useful research or educational tool for video communication systems based on the H.264/AVC video coding standard.
Urinary Tract Infections due to Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: Prevalence and Risk Factors in a Chicago Emergency Department

Background. Selection of empiric antibiotics for urinary tract infections (UTIs) has become more challenging because of the increasing rates of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MDRE) infections. Methods. This retrospective study was conducted to determine antibiotic resistance patterns, risk factors, and appropriate empiric antibiotic selection for MDRE UTIs. Adult patients seen in the Emergency Department (ED) with Enterobacteriaceae UTIs during 2008-2009 were identified from review of microbiology records. MDRE were defined as organisms resistant to at least 3 categories of antibiotics. Results. There were 431 eligible patients; 83 (19%) had MDRE UTIs. Resistance rates for individual antibiotics among MDRE UTIs were significantly greater than non-MDRE UTIs: levofloxacin, 72% versus 14%; TMP-SMX, 77% versus 12%; amoxicillin-clavulanate, 35% versus 4%; nitrofurantoin, 21% versus 12%, and ceftriaxone, 20% versus 0%. All Enterobacteriaceae isolates were susceptible to ertapenem (MIC ≤ 2 mg/L). Independent risk factors for MDRE UTI were prior fluoroquinolone use within 3 months (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.64; P = 0.001), healthcare-associated risks (aOR 2.32; P = 0.009), and obstructive uropathy (aOR 2.22; P = 0.04). Conclusion. Our study suggests that once-daily intravenous or intramuscular ertapenem may be appropriate for outpatient treatment of ED patients with MDRE UTI.
PLASMA AMINO ACID PATTERNS IN ALCOHOLISM: THE EFFECTS OF ETHANOL LOADING.

rather than to cause the absence of the wild-type enzyme. It is of interest that in both of these cases hybrid enzymes are formed in heterozygotes. Dimerization which has been proposed as the basis for hybrid vigor' may be a common feature of maize enzymes. Summary. -Two alleles of the E3 gene in maize specify electrophoretically separable esterases. As is the case with the pH 7.5 esterases formed by the E1 gene, a hybrid esterase with an intermediate migration rate is found in the E3 heterozygotes. The enzyme specified by one of the E3 alleles has a migration rate identical to that formed by one of the E1 alleles. * Research supported by National Science Foundation grant GB 302. 1 Schwartz, D. , these PROCEEDINGS, 46, 1210 (1960).
High-temperature quantum oscillations caused by recurring Bloch states in graphene superlattices

Heat-loving quantum oscillations The shape of the Fermi surface in a conductor can be gleaned through quantum oscillations—periodic changes in transport properties as an external magnetic field is varied. Like most quantum properties, the phenomenon can usually be observed only at very low temperatures. Krishna Kumar et al. report quantum oscillations in graphene that do not go away even at the temperature of boiling water. Although “ordinary,” low-temperature quantum oscillations die away, another oscillatory behavior sets in that is extremely robust to heating. These resilient oscillations appear only in samples in which graphene is nearly aligned with its hexagonal boron nitride substrate, indicating that they are caused by the potential of the moiré superlattice that forms in such circumstances. Science, this issue p. 181 Magnetotransport in graphene–hexagonal boron nitride heterostructures exhibits robust oscillations. Cyclotron motion of charge carriers in metals and semiconductors leads to Landau quantization and magneto-oscillatory behavior in their properties. Cryogenic temperatures are usually required to observe these oscillations. We show that graphene superlattices support a different type of quantum oscillation that does not rely on Landau quantization. The oscillations are extremely robust and persist well above room temperature in magnetic fields of only a few tesla. We attribute this phenomenon to repetitive changes in the electronic structure of superlattices such that charge carriers experience effectively no magnetic field at simple fractions of the flux quantum per superlattice unit cell. Our work hints at unexplored physics in Hofstadter butterfly systems at high temperatures.
Revealing strengths and weaknesses of methods for gene network inference

Numerous methods have been developed for inferring gene regulatory networks from expression data, however, both their absolute and comparative performance remain poorly understood. In this paper, we introduce a framework for critical performance assessment of methods for gene network inference. We present an in silico benchmark suite that we provided as a blinded, community-wide challenge within the context of the DREAM (Dialogue on Reverse Engineering Assessment and Methods) project. We assess the performance of 29 gene-network-inference methods, which have been applied independently by participating teams. Performance profiling reveals that current inference methods are affected, to various degrees, by different types of systematic prediction errors. In particular, all but the best-performing method failed to accurately infer multiple regulatory inputs (combinatorial regulation) of genes. The results of this community-wide experiment show that reliable network inference from gene expression data remains an unsolved problem, and they indicate potential ways of network reconstruction improvements.
Frequency of mealtime insulin bolus as a proxy measure of adherence for children and youths with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND Electronic measures of adherence can be superior to patient report. In type 1 diabetes, frequency of blood glucose monitoring (BGM), as measured by patients' home blood glucose meters, has already been identified as a valid proxy of adherence. We present methodology to calculate adherence using insulin pump records and evaluate the reliability and validity of this methodology. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Blood glucose meter data, insulin pump records, and corresponding hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were randomly gathered from clinical and research databases for 100 children and youths (referred to hereafter as youths) with type 1 diabetes (mean±SD age, 12.7±4.6 years). Youths' mean frequency of daily BGM was calculated. Additionally, we calculated a mean mealtime insulin bolus score (BOLUS): youths received 1 point each for a bolus between 0600 and 1000 h, 1100 and 1500 h, and 1600 and 2200 h (maximum of 1 point/meal or 3 points/day). RESULTS Simple correlations between youths' HbA1c level, age, frequency of BGM, and insulin BOLUS scores were all significant. Partial correlations and multiple regression analyses revealed that insulin BOLUS scores better explain variations in HbA1c levels than the electronically recorded frequency of daily blood glucose measures. CONCLUSIONS Our procedures for calculating insulin BOLUS scores using insulin pump records demonstrate better concurrent validity with youths' HbA1c levels than that of the frequency of BGM with youths' HbA1c levels. Our analyses have shown that insulin bolus scoring was superior to the frequency of BGM in predicting youths' HbA1c levels.
Identifying the influential spreaders in multilayer interactions of online social networks

Online social networks (OSNs) portray a multi-layer of interactions through which users become a friend, information is propagated, ideas are shared, and interaction is constructed within an OSN. Identifying the most influential spreaders in a network is a significant step towards improving the use of existing resources to speed up the spread of information for application such as viral marketing or hindering the spread of information for application like virus blocking and rumor restraint. Users communications facilitated by OSNs could confront the temporal and spatial limitations of traditional communications in an exceptional way, thereby presenting new layers of social interactions, which coincides and collaborates with current interaction layers to redefine the multiplex OSN. In this paper, the effects of different topological network structure on influential spreaders identification are investigated. The results analysis concluded that improving the accuracy of influential spreaders identification in OSNs is not only by improving identification algorithms but also by developing a network topology that represents the information diffusion well. Moreover, in this paper a topological representation for an OSN is proposed which takes into accounts both multilayers interactions as well as overlaying links as weight. The measurement results are found to be more reliable when the identification algorithms are applied to proposed topological representation compared when these algorithms are applied to single layer representations.
Scaling of resting and maximum hopping metabolic rate throughout the life cycle of the locust Locusta migratoria

SUMMARY The hemimetabolous migratory locust Locusta migratoria progresses through five instars to the adult, increasing in size from 0.02 to 0.95 g, a 45-fold change. Hopping locomotion occurs at all life stages and is supported by aerobic metabolism and provision of oxygen through the tracheal system. This allometric study investigates the effect of body mass (Mb) on oxygen consumption rate (, μmol h–1) to establish resting metabolic rate (), maximum metabolic rate during hopping () and maximum metabolic rate of the hopping muscles () in first instar, third instar, fifth instar and adult locusts. Oxygen consumption rates increased throughout development according to the allometric equations , , and, if adults are excluded, and . Increasing body mass by 20–45% with attached weights did not increase mass-specific significantly at any life stage, although mean mass-specific hopping was slightly higher (ca. 8%) when juvenile data were pooled. The allometric exponents for all measures of metabolic rate are much greater than 0.75, and therefore do not support West, Brown and Enquist's optimised fractal network model, which predicts that metabolism scales with a ¾-power exponent owing to limitations in the rate at which resources can be transported within the body.
Cardiac Disease in Adolescents With Delayed Diagnosis of Vertically Acquired HIV Infection

A high burden of cardiac disease was found among 110 consecutive adolescents with vertically-acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection in Zimbabwe: 37% had an NYHA score =2:echocardiography showed two thirds had LVH, 24% had LV diastolic dysfunction and 31% had RV dilatation.
RED BACK SPIDER BITE IN AUSTRALIA: AN ANALYSIS OF 167 CASES

RAVAIOLI, L. , CANTORE, G. P., and J.3E'l. 'l'INI, S. (~957? , "PTepa1~a­ zione di un 8ie.-o Im? ll1me Antt-Latrodeotus " Ri», PaTass,t., 18: 202. THORP, R. W., and WOODSOK, W. D. (1945), "Black Widow, America's Most Poisonous Spider", University of North Carolina Press, U.S.A. V>:LLARD, J. (1936), "Les venin des anJ,;gnees", Masson et Ole, Paris. \VIENER, S. (1956), "The Australian Red Back Spider (Latrodectus Hasseltii): 1. Preparation of Antiserum by the Use of Venom Adsorbed on Aluminium Phosphate", MED. J. AUST. , 1: 739. \VIENER, S. , and FRASER, A. N. (1956), "Red Back Spider Bite Treated with Antivenene", MED. J. Au ST., 1: 858. \VII<. 'NElR S. (1957), "The Sydney Funnel-Web Spider (Atrax Robustus): 1. Collection of Venom and its Toxicity in Animals", MED. J. AUST. , 2: 377. •
The phenomenon of “hikikomori” (social withdrawal) and the socio-cultural situation in Japan today

Objectives In Japan today it is believed that there are a million young adults who refuse to work and who avoid social contact. This phenomenon, known as “hikikomori” (social withdrawal), has become a serious socio-psychological problem throughout the country. However, there has been little psychopathological consideration of this phenomenon, and no detailed discussion of diagnosis. In this article, we investigate the phenomenon from a psychiatric perspective by introducing the concept of “primary hikikomori” and examining its relationship to recent changes in Japanese society.
Children’s Cognitive and Behavioral Reactions to an Autonomous Versus Controlled Social Robot Dog

ABSTRACT Research Findings: Interactive technology has become ubiquitous in young children’s lives, but little is known about how children incorporate such technologies into their intuitive biological theories. Here we explore how the manner in which technology is introduced to young children impacts their biological reasoning, moral regard, and prosocial behavior toward it. We asked 5- and 7-year-old children to interact with a robot dog that was described either as moving autonomously or as remote controlled. Compared with a controlled robot, the autonomous robot caused children to ascribe higher emotional and physical sentience to the robot, to reference the robot as having desires and physiological states, and to reference moral concerns as applying to the robot. Children who owned a dog at home were more likely to behave prosocially toward the autonomous robot than those who did not. Practice or Policy: Recent work has begun to use robots as learning tools. Our results suggest that the manner in which robots are introduced to young children may differentially impact children’s learning. Presenting robots as autonomous agents may help promote children’s social-emotional development, whereas presenting robots as human controlled may help promote robots as purely cognitive educational tools.
The agricultural pathology of ant fungus gardens.

Gardens of fungus-growing ants (Formicidae: Attini) traditionally have been thought to be free of microbial parasites, with the fungal mutualist maintained in nearly pure "monocultures. " We conducted extensive isolations of "alien" (nonmutualistic) fungi from ant gardens of a phylogenetically representative collection of attine ants. Contrary to the long-standing assumption that gardens are maintained free of microbial pathogens and parasites, they are in fact host to specialized parasites that are only known from attine gardens and that are found in most attine nests. These specialized garden parasites, belonging to the microfungus genus Escovopsis (Ascomycota: anamorphic Hypocreales), are horizontally transmitted between colonies. Consistent with theory of virulence evolution under this mode of pathogen transmission, Escovopsis is highly virulent and has the potential for rapid devastation of ant gardens, leading to colony mortality. The specialized parasite Escovopsis is more prevalent in gardens of the more derived ant lineages than in gardens of the more "primitive" (basal) ant lineages. Because fungal cultivars of derived attine lineages are asexual clones of apparently ancient origin whereas cultivars of primitive ant lineages were domesticated relatively recently from free-living sexual stocks, the increased virulence of pathogens associated with ancient asexual cultivars suggests an evolutionary cost to cultivar clonality, perhaps resulting from slower evolutionary rates of cultivars in the coevolutionary race with their pathogens.
Roles of yeast eIF2α and eIF2β subunits in the binding of the initiator methionyl-tRNA

Heterotrimeric eukaryotic/archaeal translation initiation factor 2 (e/aIF2) binds initiator methionyl-tRNA and plays a key role in the selection of the start codon on messenger RNA. tRNA binding was extensively studied in the archaeal system. The γ subunit is able to bind tRNA, but the α subunit is required to reach high affinity whereas the β subunit has only a minor role. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae however, the available data suggest an opposite scenario with β having the most important contribution to tRNA-binding affinity. In order to overcome difficulties with purification of the yeast eIF2γ subunit, we designed chimeric eIF2 by assembling yeast α and β subunits to archaeal γ subunit. We show that the β subunit of yeast has indeed an important role, with the eukaryote-specific N- and C-terminal domains being necessary to obtain full tRNA-binding affinity. The α subunit apparently has a modest contribution. However, the positive effect of α on tRNA binding can be progressively increased upon shortening the acidic C-terminal extension. These results, together with small angle X-ray scattering experiments, support the idea that in yeast eIF2, the tRNA molecule is bound by the α subunit in a manner similar to that observed in the archaeal aIF2–GDPNP–tRNA complex.
High-Performance Planar Isolated Current Sensor for Power Electronics Applications

A planar current sensor, comprised of a magnetic current transformer and a hall-effect element, is presented. The sensor has a broad frequency bandwidth from dc up to 30 MHz, a high current rating (40-A dc), superior linearity, high EMI immunity, small size, robustness, and low realization cost. The main design formulations are given analytically; simulations and finite-element results are presented for verification. Experimental results of current step response and dv/dt immunity are included.