Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new approach for a Galactic synchrotron polarized emission template in the microwave range

We present a new approach to modelling the polarized Galactic synchrotron emission in the microwave range (20–100 GHz), where this radiation is expected to play the leading role in contaminating the cosmic microwave background data. Our method is based on real surveys and aims at providing the real spatial distributions of both polarized intensity and polarization angles. Its main features are the modelling of a polarization horizon to determine the polarized intensity, and the use of starlight optical data to model the polarization angle pattern. Our results are consistent with several existing data, and our template is virtually free from Faraday rotation effects as required at frequencies in the cosmological window.
Genetic Modification of the Soybean to Enhance the β-Carotene Content through Seed-Specific Expression

The carotenoid biosynthetic pathway was genetically manipulated using the recombinant PAC (Phytoene synthase-2A-Carotene desaturase) gene in Korean soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Kwangan). The PAC gene was linked to either the β-conglycinin (β) or CaMV-35S (35S) promoter to generate β-PAC and 35S-PAC constructs, respectively. A total of 37 transgenic lines (19 for β-PAC and 18 for 35S-PAC) were obtained through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using the modified half-seed method. The multi-copy insertion of the transgene was determined by genomic Southern blot analysis. Four lines for β-PAC were selected by visual inspection to confirm an orange endosperm, which was not found in the seeds of the 35S-PAC lines. The strong expression of PAC gene was detected in the seeds of the β-PAC lines and in the leaves of the 35S-PAC lines by RT-PCR and qRT-PCR analyses, suggesting that these two different promoters function distinctively. HPLC analysis of the seeds and leaves of the T2 generation plants revealed that the best line among the β-PAC transgenic seeds accumulated 146 µg/g of total carotenoids (approximately 62-fold higher than non-transgenic seeds), of which 112 µg/g (77%) was β-carotene. In contrast, the level and composition of the leaf carotenoids showed little difference between transgenic and non-transgenic soybean plants. We have therefore demonstrated the production of a high β-carotene soybean through the seed-specific overexpression of two carotenoid biosynthetic genes, Capsicum phytoene synthase and Pantoea carotene desaturase. This nutritional enhancement of soybean seeds through the elevation of the provitamin A content to produce biofortified food may have practical health benefits in the future in both humans and livestock.
Production of natural gas from shale in local economies: a resource blessing or curse?

Innovations in the energy sector, particularly the extraction of natural gas from shale and tight gas formations using horizontal drilling and "fracking," have helped increase U.S. reserves of natural gas to an estimated 70 years' worth of supply. Some theories suggest such a boom leads to a local resource "blessing" in employment and a positive spillover into the local economy while others suggest a boom leads to a resource "curse" for industries not related to the energy sector. Brown examines county-level labor market conditions in the central United States and finds a modest positive effect in counties where natural gas production has increased, and little evidence of a natural resource curse.
Developing the global gaze in citizenship education: Exploring the perspectives of global education NGO workers in England

The field of global education in the UK consists of a wide range of individuals and organisations working for the greater integration of global issues and global social justice values into mainstream schooling. This paper draws upon a recent research project which sought to discover how activists in this field aim to distribute and transmit educational knowledge (particularly in the context of new citizenship education initiatives). In order to highlight the pedagogic ideals and perspectives of those outside formal schooling working to influence the curriculum, I refer to data obtained from interviews with 32 global education NGO workers in England. Issues of citizenship education, curriculum boundary and critical pedagogy are considered in this exploration of how global educators conceptualise the ‘global learner’ and the ‘global teacher’. As an interdisciplinary theme global education has developed strong links with citizenship education and there have been a number of calls for global citizenship education. However this paper argues that the unclear knowledge base and mixed pedagogic messages of global education and global citizenship education can be problematic for teacher training programmes and teachers working within the performance-based pedagogy of mainstream schooling.
The Supervisory Relationship Experiences of Turkish First- Time and Advanced Supervisees

The aim of this study was to examine Turkish first-time and advanced supervisees’ supervisory relationship experiences. A phenomenological design was preferred for examining whether undergraduate- and graduate-level supervisees’ supervisory relationship experiences according to their professional developmental levels. The participants consisted of 27 supervisees enrolled in undergraduate, master’s, and doctoral programs in Counseling and Guidance at a public university in western Turkey. A semi-structured interview form was used to collect data. The results of content analysis demonstrated that according to first-time and advanced supervisees, the unchanged but definitive constructs of the supervisory relationship were supervisor’s facilitative and prescriptive interventions, sincere and nonjudgmental characteristics, constructive feedbacks; supervisee’s self-disclosure within supervision, anxiety in the early stages of the relationship and calmness in the further stages of the relationship, development of self-awareness and professional kills. The study findings were discussed and some implications are suggested.
Aminoacylation and translational quality control strategy employed by leucyl-tRNA synthetase from a human pathogen with genetic code ambiguity

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases should ensure high accuracy in tRNA aminoacylation. However, the absence of significant structural differences between amino acids always poses a direct challenge for some aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, such as leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS), which require editing function to remove mis-activated amino acids. In the cytoplasm of the human pathogen Candida albicans, the CUG codon is translated as both Ser and Leu by a uniquely evolved CatRNASer(CAG). Its cytoplasmic LeuRS (CaLeuRS) is a crucial component for CUG codon ambiguity and harbors only one CUG codon at position 919. Comparison of the activity of CaLeuRS-Ser919 and CaLeuRS-Leu919 revealed yeast LeuRSs have a relaxed tRNA recognition capacity. We also studied the mis-activation and editing of non-cognate amino acids by CaLeuRS. Interestingly, we found that CaLeuRS is naturally deficient in tRNA-dependent pre-transfer editing for non-cognate norvaline while displaying a weak tRNA-dependent pre-transfer editing capacity for non-cognate α-amino butyric acid. We also demonstrated that post-transfer editing of CaLeuRS is not tRNALeu species-specific. In addition, other eukaryotic but not archaeal or bacterial LeuRSs were found to recognize CatRNASer(CAG). Overall, we systematically studied the aminoacylation and editing properties of CaLeuRS and established a characteristic LeuRS model with naturally deficient tRNA-dependent pre-transfer editing, which increases LeuRS types with unique editing patterns.
Intraday return volatility in Saudi Stock Market: An evidence from Tadawul All Share Index

Article history: Received: February 3, 2019 Received in revised format: March 10, 2019 Accepted: March 20, 2019 Available online: March 20, 2019 The association between risk and return is a significant concept in finance that has been studied in the past to a large extent. The stock market volatility is closely associated with the risk. The current study examines the intraday volatility pattern of stock market of Saudi Arabia by reviewing the stocks of Tadawul All Share Index (TASI). We obtain return data at 5-minute frequency from the SASEIDX starting on 25 October 2017 and ending on 9 May 2018. We examine the stock market volatility by using different symmetric and asymmetric GARCH models and observe that, the symmetric GARCH models showed a significant positive association between risk and return. Similarly, the asymmetric GARCH models show that the estimates were significant and the leverage estimate was negative and significant, indicating a no-leverage effect in the return series. Moreover, the asymmetric results suggest that negative shocks do not entail to future higher volatility than positive shocks. Therefore, the symmetric and asymmetric GARCH models are comfortable to capture the volatility of Saudi stock market from Intraday data. © 2019 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada
Fluoxetine Treatment Abolishes the In Vitro Respiratory Response to Acidosis in Neonatal Mice

Background To secure pH homeostasis, the central respiratory network must permanently adapt its rhythmic motor drive to environment and behaviour. In neonates, it is commonly admitted that the retrotrapezoid/parafacial respiratory group of neurons of the ventral medulla plays the primary role in the respiratory response to acidosis, although the serotonergic system may also contribute to this response. Methodology/Principal Findings Using en bloc medullary preparations from neonatal mice, we have shown for the first time that the respiratory response to acidosis is abolished after pre-treatment with the serotonin-transporter blocker fluoxetine (25–50 µM, 20 min), a commonly used antidepressant. Using mRNA in situ hybridization and immunohistology, we have also shown the expression of the serotonin transporter mRNA and serotonin-containing neurons in the vicinity of the RTN/pFRG of neonatal mice. Conclusions These results reveal that the serotonergic system plays a pivotal role in pH homeostasis. Although obtained in vitro in neonatal mice, they suggest that drugs targeting the serotonergic system should be used with caution in infants, pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers.
Optimal Rewards for Economic Regulation

The author determines which revenue schedule, when applied by economic regulation to production units, will result in an optimum response. He points out that regulations must be stable for a long-enough period to be taken seriously by a firm, although they should not be considered to be immutable, and that good regulatory strategy encourages cheap firms to produce more and expensive firms to produce less. A model framework is described for determining optimal revenue function and the various dependency factors are characterized. Two components, the traditional price signal and a penalty for departure from the quantity target, comprise the optimal reward function, which means that it is not redundant for economic planners to set both prices and production quotas. This analysis can be applied to environmental economics in terms of effluent standards.
Wage Premiums for College Graduates

Against a general trend over the last 25 years of increasing wage differentials between college and high school graduates, two departures are noteworthy. Between 1971 and 1979, the college wage premium fell by about a third for young graduates and somewhat less for older workers. To some, this narrowing wage differential marked the end of an era when investments in college yielded returns comparable to other investments. In retrospect, the decline in the 1970s was a temporary phenomenon caused by a rapid increase in numbers of college graduates and the baby boom cohorts' entry into the job market. Then, between 1979 and 1986, the college wage premium rose very sharply, exceeding anything found in earlier data. After documenting changes in the college wage premium between 1963 and 1986, we explore dimensions of the recent increase by age, race, and sex, as well as the wage differentials between high school dropouts and graduates and between college dropouts and graduates. Although alternative explanations of earlier departures from the general trend can be found, the sole explanation for the recent dramatic rise in the premium is that the demand for college-trained workers has increased hugely.
Punishment Despite Reasonable Doubt - A Public Goods Experiment with Uncertainty Over Contributions

Under a great variety of legally relevant circumstances, people have to decide whether or not to cooperate, when they face an incentive to defect. The law sometimes provides people with sanctioning mechanisms to enforce pro-social behavior. Experimental evidence on voluntary public good provision shows that the option to punish others substantially improves cooperation, even if punishment is costly. However, these studies focus on situations where there is no uncertainty about others' behavior. We investigate punishment in a world with “reasonable doubt” about others' contributions. Interestingly, people reveal a high willingness to punish even if their information about cooperation rates is inaccurate, or noisy. If there is some non-trivial degree of noise, unishment (1) cannot maintain high contributions and (2) reduces welfare even below the level of a setting without punishment. Our findings suggest that sufficient information accuracy about others' behavior is crucial for he efficiency of sanction mechanisms. If a situation is characterized by low information accuracy, precluding sanctions can be optimal.
Sequence-based Structured Prediction for Semantic Parsing

We propose an approach for semantic parsing that uses a recurrent neural network to map a natural language question into a logical form representation of a KB query. Building on recent work by (Wang et al., 2015), the interpretable logical forms, which are structured objects obeying certain constraints, are enumerated by an underlying grammar and are paired with their canonical realizations. In order to use sequence prediction, we need to sequentialize these logical forms. We compare three sequentializations: a direct linearization of the logical form, a linearization of the associated canonical realization, and a sequence consisting of derivation steps relative to the underlying grammar. We also show how grammatical constraints on the derivation sequence can easily be integrated inside the RNN-based sequential predictor. Our experiments show important improvements over previous results for the same dataset, and also demonstrate the advantage of incorporating the grammatical constraints.
Fast ℓ1-minimization and parallelization for face recognition

While ℓ1-minimization (ℓ1-min) has recently been studied extensively in optimization, the high computational cost associated with the traditional algorithms has largely hindered their application to high-dimensional, large-scale problems. This paper discusses accelerated ℓ1-min techniques using augmented Lagrangian methods and its parallelization leveraging the parallelism available in modern GPU and CPU hardware. The performance of the new algorithms is demonstrated in a robust face recognition application. Through extensive simulation and real-world experiments, we provide useful guidelines about applying fast ℓ1-min on large-scale data for practitioners.
Use of potassium iodide in Dermatology: updates on an old drug*

Potassium iodide, as a saturated solution, is a valuable drug in the dermatologist's therapeutic arsenal and is useful for the treatment of different diseases due to its immunomodulatory features. However, its prescription has become increasingly less frequent in dermatology practice. Little knowledge about its exact mechanism of action, lack of interest from the pharmaceutical industry, the advent of new drugs, and the toxicity caused by the use of high doses of the drug are some possible explanations for that. Consequently, there are few scientific studies on the pharmacological aspects, dosage and efficacy of this drug. Also, there is no conventional standard on how to manipulate and prescribe the saturated solution of potassium iodide, which leads to unawareness of the exact amount of the salt being delivered in grams to patients. Considering that dosage is directly related to toxicity and the immunomodulatory features of this drug, it is essential to define the amount to be prescribed and to reduce it to a minimum effective dose in order to minimize the risks of intolerance and thus improve treatment adherence. This review is relevant due to the fact that the saturated solution of potassium iodide is often the only therapeutic choice available for the treatment of some infectious, inflammatory and immune-mediated dermatoses, no matter whether the reason is specific indication, failure of a previous therapy or cost-effectiveness.
Health expenditure comparison of extended-release metoprolol succinate and immediate-release metoprolol tartarate

Background Metoprolol, a selective beta-1 blocker, is available in two different salt forms in the market – metoprolol succinate (MS) and metoprolol tartarate (MT). Both the formulations are Food and Drug Administration approved for the treatment of hypertension. Several studies have shown similar efficacies between the two salts; however, they differ in their pharmacokinetic properties and are therefore priced differently. The primary objective of this study was to compare the overall health care expenditures of hypertensive patients on MT and MS to see if the price difference in the two preparations is offset by savings in overall expenditure. Methods Two cohorts of patients using MT and MS were selected from the 2008 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Propensity score matching technique was used to balance the cohorts on various parameters such as demographic information, insurance status, and comorbidity score. Patients using MT were matched to patients using MS on the logit of propensity score using calipers of width equal to 0.2 of the standard deviation of the logit of the propensity score. Multiple regression analysis was carried out to examine the association between health expenditure and type of metoprolol salt, adjusting for other covariates. Results A total of 742 patients were found to use metoprolol (MT-388, MS-354). After propensity score matching, a total of 582 patients were left in the sample for final analysis (291 patients in each cohort). The average annual health care expenditure was slightly higher in the MT cohort; however, after adjusting for covariates in a multivariate analysis, the difference was found to be statistically insignificant (P = 0.23). Conclusion Both the products of metoprolol were found to have similar average annual total health care expenditure; however, MS once a day has higher out-of-pocket cost.
Unemployment, cycle and gender

This study analyzes the relationship between unemployment and the business cycle in the UK and the US. For both economies, a strong and definite association is found that shows that cyclical shocks extend their effect on unemployment over several quarters. This association is much more intense for male unemployment than for female unemployment, and has lost some strength in the UK in the last few years. Markov switching regime models with two regimes display clear differences between expansions and contractions in both countries.
Fourier photometric analysis of isolated galaxies in the context of the AMIGA project

We present here the results of a Fourier photometric decomposition of a representative sample of ~100 isolated CIG galaxies (Catalog of Isolated Galaxies) in the morphological range Sb-Sc. This study is an integral part of the AMIGA (Analysis of the Interstellar Medium of Isolated Galaxies) project. It complements the photometric analysis presented in our previous paper for the same sample of disc galaxies by allowing a description of the spiral structure morphology. We also estimate dynamical measures like torque strength for bar and spiral, and also the total non-axisymmetric torque by assuming a constant mass-to-light ratio, and explore the interplay between the spiral and bar components of galaxies. Both the length (l bar ) and the contrast (e.g. A 2b ) of the Fourier bars decrease along the morphological sequence Sb-Sbc-Sc, with bars in earlier types being longer and showing higher contrast. The bars of Sb galaxies are ~three times longer than the bars in Sc types, consistent with our previous study. We find that the longer bars are not necessarily stronger (as quantified by the torque Q b measure), but longer bars show a higher contrast A 2b , in very good agreement with theoretical predictions. Our data suggest that bar and spiral components are rather independent in the sense that the torque strengths of the two components are not correlated. The total strength Q g is a very reliable tracer of the bar strength measure Q b , the two quantities showing a very tight linear correlation. Comparison with a similar sample of disc galaxies (same morphological range) extracted from the OSUBGS (Ohio State University Bright Galaxy Survey) indicates that the isolated CIG/AMIGA galaxies host significantly longer Fourier bars and possibly show a different distribution of spiral torque Q s . The Fourier analysis also revealed a potential case of counterwinding spiral structure (KIG 652/NGC 5768), which deserves further kinematic study. We find that m = 2 (i.e. dominating two-armed pattern) is the most common spiral arm multiplicity among the sample of Sb-Sc CIG/AMIGA galaxies (~40 per cent), m = 2 and 3 and m = 1 and 2 are found in ~28 and ~13 per cent of isolated galaxies, respectively.
Composition of Human Skin Microbiota Affects Attractiveness to Malaria Mosquitoes

The African malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto continues to play an important role in malaria transmission, which is aggravated by its high degree of anthropophily, making it among the foremost vectors of this disease. In the current study we set out to unravel the strong association between this mosquito species and human beings, as it is determined by odorant cues derived from the human skin. Microbial communities on the skin play key roles in the production of human body odour. We demonstrate that the composition of the skin microbiota affects the degree of attractiveness of human beings to this mosquito species. Bacterial plate counts and 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that individuals that are highly attractive to An. gambiae s.s. have a significantly higher abundance, but lower diversity of bacteria on their skin than individuals that are poorly attractive. Bacterial genera that are correlated with the relative degree of attractiveness to mosquitoes were identified. The discovery of the connection between skin microbial populations and attractiveness to mosquitoes may lead to the development of new mosquito attractants and personalized methods for protection against vectors of malaria and other infectious diseases.