Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing extrema of empirical principal component functions

The difficulties of estimating and representing the distributions of functional data mean that principal component methods play a substantially greater role in functional data analysis than in more conventional finite-dimensional settings. Local maxima and minima in principal component functions are of direct importance; they indicate places in the domain of a random function where influence on the function value tends to be relatively strong but of opposite sign. We explore statistical properties of the relationship between extrema of empirical principal component functions, and their counterparts for the true principal component functions. It is shown that empirical principal component funcions have relatively little trouble capturing conventional extrema, but can experience difficulty distinguishing a "shoulder" in a curve from a small bump. For example, when the true principal component function has a shoulder, the probability that the empirical principal component function has instead a bump is approximately equal to 1/2. We suggest and describe the performance of bootstrap methods for assessing the strength of extrema. It is shown that the subsample bootstrap is more effective than the standard bootstrap in this regard. A "bootstrap likelihood" is proposed for measuring extremum strength. Exploratory numerical methods are suggested.
Characteristic-Based Numerical Schemes for Hyperbolic Systems With Nonlinear Relaxation

In order to embark the development of characteristic based schemes for hyperbolic systems with nonlinear stii source terms we have studied a prototype one-dimensional discrete-velocity Boltzmann equation. We show that the method can be evaluated at the cost of an explicit scheme and that yield accurate solutions even when the relaxation time is much less than the time step. Numerical experiments connrm that the quality of the results obtained is comparable with those of earlier approaches.
Discovery of a Transient U-Band Dropout in a Lyman Break Survey: A Tidally Disrupted Star at z = 3.3?

We report the discovery of a transient source in the central regions of galaxy cluster A267. The object, which we call "PALS-1," was found in a survey aimed at identifying highly magnified Lyman break galaxies in the fields of intervening rich clusters. At discovery, the source had Un > 24.7 (2 σ; AB), g = 21.96 ± 0.12, and very blue g - r and r - i colors; i.e., PALS-1 was a "U-band dropout," characteristic of star-forming galaxies and quasars at z ~ 3. However, 3 months later the source had faded by more than 3 mag. Further observations showed a continued decline in luminosity, to R > 26.4 at 7 months after discovery. Although the apparent brightness suggests a supernova at roughly the cluster redshift, we show that the photometry and light curve argue against any known type of supernova at any redshift. The spectral energy distribution and location near the center of a galaxy cluster are consistent with the hypothesis that PALS-1 is a gravitationally lensed transient at z ≈ 3.3. If this interpretation is correct, the source is magnified by a factor of 4-7, and two counterimages are predicted. Our lens model predicts that there are time delays between the three images of 1-10 yr and that we have witnessed the final occurrence of the transient. The intense luminosity (MAB ~ -23.5 after correcting for lensing) and blue UV continuum (implying T ≳ 50,000 K) argue that the source may have been a flare resulting from the tidal disruption of a star by a 106-108 M☉ black hole. Regardless of its physical nature, PALS-1 highlights the importance of monitoring regions of high magnification in galaxy clusters for distant time-varying phenomena.
Hemostasis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology Patients and Methods Subjects and Phenotypes Table 1. Results from the Linkage Analysis: Apcr with F5 Dna Variants, and Apcr Conditional on the Fvl Mutation

A new locus on chromosome 18 that influences normal variation in activated protein C resistance phenotype and factor VIII activity and its relation to thrombosis susceptibility Activated protein C resistance (APCR) is the most prevalent risk factor for thrombosis , accounting for 20% to 60% of familial thrombophilia. A mutation in the F5 gene, factor V Leiden (FVL), is a major determinant of pathological APCR in some populations. However, APCR predicts risk for thrombosis independently of FVL. This suggests that other genetic factors may influence risk of thrombosis through quantitative variation in APCR. To search for these unknown loci, we conducted a genome-wide linkage screen for genes affecting normal variation in APCR in the 21 Spanish families from the Genetic Analysis of Idiopathic Thrombophilia (GAIT) project. Conditional on FVL, the strongest linkage signal for APCR was found on chromosome 18 near D18S53. Bivari-ate linkage analyses with a genetically correlated trait, levels of clotting factor VIII, strengthened evidence for the chromosome 18 quantitative trait locus (QTL; logarithm of the odds [LOD], 4.5; P ‫؍‬ 3.08 ؋ 10 ؊5). However, the region on chromosome 1 that contains the F5 structural gene showed little evidence of linkage to APCR (LOD, < 1). This indicates that apart from the FVL, the F5 locus itself plays a relatively minor role in normal variation in APCR, including the HR2 hap-lotype polymorphisms. A second bivari-ate analysis of APCR with thrombosis liability suggested that this QTL also influences the risk of thrombosis (P ‫؍‬ .0016). These results indicate that a locus on chromosome 18 pleiotropically influences normal variation in the APCR phenotype and factor VIII (FVIII) levels as well as susceptibility to thrombosis. Importantly, there are no known thrombosis-related candidate genes in this region, implying that this QTL represents a completely novel thrombosis risk factor. Introduction Venous and arterial thrombosis may be life-threatening events and are of great importance in public health. Very little is known about the relative importance of genetic factors in thrombosis risk in the general population. 1 Recently, as part of the GAIT (Genetic Analysis of Idiopathic Thrombophila) project, we have quantified the genetic contribution to susceptibility to thrombosis and related phenotypes in the Spanish population. 2,3 Of the quantitative risk factors studied, activated protein C resistance (APCR) had the highest heritability (0.71), and it was genetically correlated with thrombosis (␴ g ϭ Ϫ 0.65; P ϭ 1 ϫ 10 Ϫ6), 2,3 indicating that …
Power aware design of superscalar architecture for high performance DSP operations

In this paper a methodology for architectural level power optimization of a superscalar processor is proposed. The optimization is targeted at high performance real-time DSP operations. Sample rate conversion operation in software defined radios has been taken as an exemplar operation. Various superscalar configurations have been obtained through a systematic procedure. SimpleScalar architecture modeling tool has been used for simulation along with its power estimation extension - Wattch. Overall performance gain of more than 100 percent has been achieved while meeting all operating constraints.
Down-Regulation of MiR-193a-3p Dictates Deterioration of HCC: A Clinical Real-Time qRT-PCR Study

Background Although some recent reports have shown that the expression level of miR-193a varied in different cancers, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unidentified. The aim of the current study was to validate the relationship between miR-193a-3p and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients. Material/Methods Expression of miR-193a-3p in 95 HCC cases and their corresponding peritumoral tissues (PT) was examined by using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). miR-193a-3p expression and its correlation with a variety of clinicopathological features and patient recurrence were analyzed. Results The relative level of miR-193a-3p was 3.2028±1.1951 in PT, significantly higher than its expression in HCC tissues (1.5941±0.7079, P<0.001). The area under the curve of underexpression of miR-193a-3p was 0.906 to distinguish HCC from normal liver (95% CI: 0.864–0.948, P<0.001). Expression of miR-193a-3p was negatively correlated to metastasis (r=−0.371, P=0.000), TNM (r=−0.321, P=0.002), respectively. Additionally, the recurrence time was 50.271±2.631 months for the low miR-193a-3p level group and 60.132±3.626 months for the high miR-193a-3p level group. However, no significant difference between them was found (chi-square=0.354, P=0.552). Conclusions MiR-193a-3p may be a tumor-suppressive miRNA which is down-regulated in HCC tissues. It could be regarded as a predictor for the deterioration of HCC patients.
Pre-laboratory online learning resource improves preparedness and performance in pharmaceutical sciences practical classes

ABSTRACT In recent years the delivery of practical laboratories classes has been subjected to debate, with regards to pedagogical efficiency. Our aim was to develop a pre-laboratory online learning resource that enhances the preparedness and performance within laboratory classes. A study was conducted using second year Pharmacy students, in which the class was given access to an online learning resource that included visual information, quizzes, safety and theory and this was compared to the laboratory script as a preparative resource for the class. Less advice was requested by students and reduced error in practical skills was observed when the online learning resource was used by students, when compared to the laboratory script. Students felt they were able to use the apparatus without the requirement of support, and thus were more confident in the laboratory class. This online resource has the potential to overcome the pedagogical limitations associated with traditional delivery of laboratory classes.
The Ultraviolet Spectrum of MS 1512–cB58: An Insight into Lyman-Break Galaxies

We present an intermediate-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio spectrum of the z = 2.7268 galaxy MS 1512-cB58 obtained with the Low Resolution Imaging Spectrograph (LRIS) on the Keck I telescope and covering the rest frame far-UV from 1150 to 1930 Å. Gravitational lensing by a foreground cluster boosts the flux from MS 1512-cB58 by a factor of ~30 and provides the opportunity for a first quantitative study of the physical properties of star-forming galaxies at high redshift. The spectrum we have recorded is very rich in stellar and interstellar features; from our analysis of them, we deduce the following main results. The ultraviolet spectral properties of MS 1512-cB58 are remarkably similar to those of nearby star-forming galaxies and spectral synthesis models based on libraries of O and B stars can reproduce accurately the fine detail of the integrated stellar spectrum. The P Cygni profiles of C IV and N V are best matched by continuous star formation with a Salpeter initial mass function (IMF) extending beyond M = 50 M☉—we find no evidence for either a flatter IMF (at the high-mass end) or an IMF deficient in the most massive stars. There are clues in our data that the metallicity of both the stars and the gas is a few times below solar. Our best estimate, ZcB58 ≈ Z☉, is ≈3 times higher than the typical metallicity of damped Lyα systems at the same redshift, which is consistent with the proposal that the galaxies which dominate the H I absorption cross section are generally forming stars at a slower rate than L* Lyman-break galaxies like MS 1512-cB58. The relative velocities of the stellar lines, interstellar absorption, and H II emission indicate the existence of large-scale outflows in the interstellar medium of MS 1512-cB58, with a bulk outward motion of 200 km s-1 and a mass-loss rate of ≈60 M☉ yr-1, which is roughly comparable to the star formation rate. Such galactic winds seem to be a common feature of starburst galaxies at all redshifts and may well be the mechanism that self-regulates star formation, distributes metals over large volumes, and allows the escape of ionizing photons into the intergalactic medium. We suggest further observations of MS 1512-cB58 that would provide more precise measurements of element abundances and of detailed physical parameters and highlight the need to identify other examples of gravitationally lensed galaxies for a comprehensive study of star formation at early times.
Simulations on Harmonic Analysis of Arc Furnace Electrical Arc Model

Harmonic problems are highlighted, when the electric arc furnace work steadily. Because the characteristics of an arc resistance is highly nonlinear, time variability and uncertainty, harmonic analysis and suppression is difficult. In this paper, a MATLAB/Simulink simulation model of the AC electric arc furnace system had been built on the basis of the parameters analysis of time-varying arc resistance. The new model simulated the electrical characteristics of an electric arc furnace which is operating steadily on the basis of the physical mechanism. This model is used for FFT harmonic analysis of electric arc furnace voltage and current. Simulation results of EAF in a steel plant show that the odd harmonics is the obvious main reason which caused the power voltage and current distortion. This Model is effective and easy to use; it's proposed to lay the foundation for the harmonic suppression.
Reserpine Improves Working Memory

Despite exhaustive search, no drug is in sight for AD. Earlier, we reported that reserpine, an antihypertensive and antipsychotic drug, ameliorates Amyloid beta (Aβ-AD causing peptide) toxicity and confers several positive enhancements in the C. elegans model system. Here, we evaluate whether reserpine can provide protection against working memory and against AD in the mouse model. Reserpine (0.08 mg) was administered orally on alternate days to the non-Tg and accelerated Aβ deposition (at 2 months of age)and cognitive deficit (4 months of age) developing 5XFAD AD Tg mouse model expressing mutant human APP (3 familial mutations) and human Presenilin1(2 familial mutations) in the neurons, and follow their working memory for 2 months using the spontaneous Y-maze alteration behavioral paradigm. Reserpine enhanced working memory in non-Tg mice and improved the cognitive deficit in the 5XFAD AD Tg mice. Hence, reserpine can be considered for a detailed evaluation in the 3X Tg AD mouse model and a pilot study in AD patients.
Analogue joint source‐channel coding for multiple input multiple output–orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems

Analogue joint source‐channel coding (JSCC) has been shown to approach the optimal distortion‐cost trade‐off when transmitting over additive white Gaussian noise channels. In this work, we consider analogue JSCC over frequency‐selective channels using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation and multiple antennas at transmission and/or reception, that is, using a multiple input multiple output(MIMO)‐OFDM system. Because of its high complexity, optimal Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) analogue JSCC decoding is infeasible in MIMO‐OFDM systems and a practical two‐stage decoding approach made up of an MMSE estimator followed by a maximum likelihood decoder is proposed instead. Three different alternatives for system optimisation are considered: non‐adaptive coding, adaptive coding and adaptive coding with precoding. We show that the three considered strategies approach the optimal distortion‐cost trade‐off, but the best performance is obtained with the adaptive coding scheme when precoding is utilised. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
College Men and Masculinities: Theory, Research, and Implications for Practice

COLLEGE MEN AND MASCULINITIES is a comprehensive handbook that offers a compilation of the best classic and contemporary research on male students in higher education. The editors, Shaun R. Harper and Frank Harris III#two experts in the field of men and masculinities#frame each of the six sections of the book with a summary of issues and implications for educational practice. Each section also includes a wealth of forward-thinking strategies and suggestions that faculty and institutional leaders can creatively employ on their campuses to reverse problematic trends and outcomes among male undergraduates.
Gender Differences in Science Course-Taking Patterns among College Undergraduates.

This study was conducted from the perspective that the under-representation of women in science is, at least partially, a consequence of learning, and therefore, may be considered a symptom of a hidden curriculum in science education. A nine page review of the literature is presented on this subject. This study investigated the direct and indirect influences of sex and several intervening variables on the quantitative science course selection among college undergraduates using the High School and Beyond databare. The analyses yielded three major findings: (1) after statistically controlling for all of the other independent variables in the model, being female still resulted in taking fewer undergraduate quantitative science courses, (2) the number of high school science and math courses was the most important mediating variable between SEX and QUANTITATIVE, and (3) within-sex analyses indic". ed strong interactiors between sex and several of the other indelendent variables. Contains 50 references. (PR) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Gender differences in science course-taking patterns among college undergraduates. Scott F. Marion Theodore Coladarci College of Education University of Maine Orono, ME 04469 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educatoonat Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Ttus document has been reproduced as recmved from the person or orgentzatron ongmabng 0 Mmor changes have been made to Improve reproductron oultny Pomts Of mew or optmons stated in thmdocu. ment do not necessarily represent officati OERI posinon or pohcy "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
Role of Anxiety in Radicalizing Political Attitudes: Experimental Evidence from Slovakia

Proliferation of populist policies and strengthening of political populism in several liberal democracies has been accompanied by campaigns full of public anger, anxiety and fear. Our research contributes to understanding how negative emotions shape selected political attitudes. We designed an experiment with 72 participants randomly assigned to three groups. The aim was to impose anxiety by using a stimulus that is incidental, i.e. having unrelated content to the attitudes under study. In addition to self-reported emotional state measured by post-test survey, we also measured the heart rate activity. Regarding political attitudes, next to attitudes towards immigrants we measured attitudes towards marijuana decriminalization as well. Findings indicate that while imposed anxiety leads to more negative attitudes towards immigrants, there seems to be no such effect on attitudes towards marijuana. We explain the difference by presence/absence of the in-group/out-group division in the types of political attitudes under study.
Patient satisfaction and glycemic control after 1 year with inhaled insulin (Exubera) in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine patient satisfaction in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes receiving an inhaled insulin or subcutaneous insulin regimen, as assessed by pooled analysis of two 12-week parent studies and 1-year extension studies. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the 12-week parent studies, patients with type 1 (n = 70) or type 2 (n = 51) diabetes were randomized to an inhaled insulin or subcutaneous insulin regimen. In the 1-year extension studies, patients were allowed to select either treatment regimen. Patient satisfaction was assessed at baseline, week 12, and 1 year using the Patient Satisfaction with Insulin Therapy questionnaire. RESULTS Of the 60 patients who received inhaled insulin during the parent studies, 85.0% (n = 51) chose to continue treatment, 13.3% (n = 8) switched to subcutaneous insulin, and 1.7% (n = 1) did not continue. Of the 61 patients who received subcutaneous insulin, 21.3% (n = 13) chose to continue treatment, 75.4% (n = 46) switched to inhaled insulin, and 3.3% (n = 2) did not continue. From baseline (parent studies) to 1 year (extension studies), HbA(1c) reductions of 0.8% were sustained, and greater improvements were observed in the inhaled insulin group compared with the subcutaneous insulin group in terms of overall satisfaction (37.9 vs. 3.1%; P < 0.01) and ease of use (43.2 vs. -0.9%; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Inhaled insulin was preferred over subcutaneous insulin, which resulted in greater patient satisfaction up to 1 year in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes with durable effects on HbA(1c) levels.
Pricing Options on Defaultable Stocks

†Stock option price approximations are developed for a model which takes both the risk of default and the stochastic volatility into account. The intensity of defaults is assumed to be influenced by the volatility. It is shown that it might be possible to infer the risk neutral default intensity from the stock option prices. The proposed option price approximation has a rich implied volatility surface structure and fits the data implied volatility well. A calibration exercise shows that an effective hazard rate from bonds issued by a company can be used to explain the impliedvolatility skew of the option prices issued by the same company. It is also observed that the implied yield spread obtained from calibrating all the model parameters to the option prices matches the observed yield spread. *. This work is supported in part by the National Science Foundation, under grant DMS‐0604491. †. This work was inspired by the SAMSI workshops on Financial Mathematics, Statistics and Econometrics (Fall 2005, Spring 2006 North Carolina). The author wishes to thank the organizers for the travel grant to participate in this stimulating event. I also would like to thank Bo Yang for his research assistance and the two anonymous referees and an anonymous associate editor for their valuable suggestions.