Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Ritual and Liminal Dimensions of Student Resistance to the Formal Culture of Schooling: The Relational Conditions That Promote Resistance.

Few empirical studies have examined student resistance and counterculture. This paper presents findings of a study that investigated the subjective experience of high school students to understand student resistance to the formal culture of schools. The research used a conceptual framework based on the anthropological concepts of "ritual" and liminal experiences in order to: (1) identify student behaviors that constitute resistance; and (2) identify school conditions that promote acts of resistance. Data were gathered from interviews with 48 students at four inner-city high schools in the ioutheastern United States, observation, and focus-group interviews with students. The four schools were comprised of two citywide schools and two neighborhood schools. Of these, the citywide schools had relatively high admission standards. Findings indicate that students at the neighborhood schools were treated as children, they lacked trust in the teaching and administrative school practices, they viewed the curriculum as irrelevant, and they were silenced by the administration. In the citywide schools, students and teachers engaged in education framed as purposeful social cooperation. Both teachers and students were active participants in the educational process. The citywide schools were characterized by trust, a relevant curriculum, students who were treated as adults, and allowance of student diversity and voice. Code maps of qualitative data are included. (Contains 65 references.) (LMI) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************
In vivo depletion of free thiols does not account for nitroglycerin-induced tolerance: a thiol-nitrate interaction hypothesis as an alternative explanation for nitroglycerin activity and tolerance.

The present study investigates the effects of thiol-depleting/ modifying agents on the activity of and tolerance to nitroglycerin (GTN), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) in an in vivo rat model. Rats were treated with either vehicle (control), GTN (before and after induction of tolerance), diethyl maleate (a thiol-depleting agent) or N-ethylmaleimide (a thiol-modifying agent). The effects of GTN, SNP and SNAP on vascular cyclic GMP levels were investigated before and after each treatment. In addition, plasma and tissue thiol concentrations were measured in the same tissues as used for the determination of cyclic GMP in aorta and inferior vena cava after single and serial i.v. bolus doses of each drug. Depletion of free thiols (glutathione and cysteine) was not found to accompany tolerance development in GTN-treated tolerant rats or to significantly enhance tolerance development or augment its magnitude in diethyl maleate-treated rats. When rats were pretreated with a low single dose of N-ethylmaleimide, where no significant changes in vascular free thiols were observed, significant reduction in GTN- and SNP-induced, but not SNAP-induced, vascular cyclic GMP production was obtained. Considering the differential effects of diethyl maleate (mainly free thiol depletion) and N-ethylmaleimide (mainly proteinous thiol-alkylation) on vascular thiols, these results indicate that depletion of sulfhydryl groups other than those from free glutathione and cysteine seems to be involved in the mechanisms defining GTN and SNP (but not SNAP) action and tolerance. Here we propose that SNAP may act either directly by nitrosation of the heme moiety of the enzyme or via an S-enzyme-S-drug transnitrosation reaction, whereas GTN and SNP actions are mediated by the formation of S-nitrosothiol on the enzyme itself, rather than by activation of the enzyme by free S-nitrosothiols.
Activity and plasticity in the CA1, the dentate gyrus, and the amygdala following controllable vs. uncontrollable water stress

The level of controllability has been shown to modulate the effects of stress on physiology and behavior. In the present study, we investigated the effects of controllable vs. uncontrollable stressors on plasticity in hippocampal CA1, the dentate gyrus (DG), and basal amygdala nucleus (B) in the rat, using the electrophysiological procedure of long‐term potentiation (LTP). A naive group was left undisturbed until the electrophysiological recording commenced. Rats of the two controllable stress groups were trained in the Morris water maze to locate an invisible underwater platform (the first group), or visible platform (the second group), thus escaping from the water, before the recording. The uncontrollable stress group underwent the same procedure (exposure time to water was adjusted to the averaged exposure time of the first controllable group) without the escape platform. We first assessed the effects of stress and controllability on LTP in CA1. Both controllable stressors and the uncontrollable stress impaired CA1 LTP, with a more robust effect induced by the uncontrollable stress. We further assessed the effects of the same procedures on LTP in DG and B. The uncontrollable stress enhanced LTP in DG and increased baseline responses (suggesting uncontrollable stress‐induced plasticity) in the amygdala. All the stressors decreased amygdalar LTP. An assessment of plasma levels of corticosterone (CORT), following the behavioral procedures, revealed an enhancement in CORT release following the uncontrollable, but not controllable stress, indicating the uncontrollable condition as the most stressful. These findings provide insight into the differential effects of stress and stress controllability on different hippocampal subregions and the amygdala. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wisdom of the crowd or technicity of content? Wikipedia as a sociotechnical system

Wikipedia is often considered as an example of ‘collaborative knowledge’. Researchers have contested the value of Wikipedia content on various accounts. Some have disputed the ability of anonymous amateurs to produce quality information, while others have contested Wikipedia’s claim to accuracy and neutrality. Even if these concerns about Wikipedia as an encyclopaedic genre are relevant, they misguidedly focus on human agents only. Wikipedia’s advance is not only enabled by its human resources, but is equally defined by the technological tools and managerial dynamics that structure and maintain its content. This article analyses the sociotechnical system — the intricate collaboration between human users and automated content agents — that defines Wikipedia as a knowledge instrument.
Do Corporate Managers Skimp on Shareholders' Dividends to Protect their Own Retirement Funds?

What is the impact of long-term executive compensation, particularly large pension payouts, on the firm's current dividend policy? We argue that managers with high pension holdings are less likely to adopt a high dividend policy that can risk their future pension payouts. Using a hand-collected actuarial pension dataset we show that (i) dividend payments are significantly lower when manager compensation relies more heavily on pension payouts; (ii) higher compensation leverage and inside debt have a significant negative effect on dividend payments net of stock repurchases; and (iii) the negative effect of pension on dividend is significantly weaker when pensions are protected in a pre-funding rabbi trust. We show further that this agency behavior reduces firm performance.
Financing the Campaigns of Women Candidates and Their Opponents

Abstract Contrary to research from the 1970s, evidence since the 1980s suggests that women candidates compete evenly for campaign funds with male candidates. The existing evidence is less complete at the state legislative level than it is in congressional elections. The data presented here draw upon the campaign finance reports of state legislative candidates from three states from 1982 to 1990. The results suggest that women candidates usually raise more than similarly situated male candidates, but this does not result in an actual advantage because their male opponents also raise more than other male candidates. The patterns over time do not indicate that women candidates gained parity with male candidates during the 1980s but rather began that decade equal to men in campaign finance.
K-theory Schubert calculus of the affine Grassmannian

Abstract We construct the Schubert basis of the torus-equivariant K-homology of the affine Grassmannian of a simple algebraic group G, using the K-theoretic NilHecke ring of Kostant and Kumar. This is the K-theoretic analogue of a construction of Peterson in equivariant homology. For the case where G=SLn, the K-homology of the affine Grassmannian is identified with a sub-Hopf algebra of the ring of symmetric functions. The Schubert basis is represented by inhomogeneous symmetric functions, calledK-k-Schur functions, whose highest-degree term is a k-Schur function. The dual basis in K-cohomology is given by the affine stable Grothendieck polynomials, verifying a conjecture of Lam. In addition, we give a Pieri rule in K-homology. Many of our constructions have geometric interpretations by means of Kashiwara’s thick affine flag manifold.
Phosphate Fertilization Can Increase Yield of Productive Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) Crops in P-Retentive Soils

The effect of P fertilization on grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) yield and yield components was evaluated on soils with low P availability and high P retention capacity in small-scale farms of the Araucania Region in southern Chile. Trials were conducted during 2000-2001, 2001-2002, and 2002-2003, in six sites; three sites in Lumaco and three in the Selva Oscura area. Six rates of P (0, 21.8, 43.6, 65.4, 87.2, and 109.0 kg ha -1 ) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Grass pea cv. Luanco-INIA was sown at 47 seeds m -2 . Mean grain yield for all trials was 2456 kg ha -1 . Phosphate fertilization increased grass pea grain yield in both areas during 2000 and 2001. There was no significant effect in 2002. The 2002 cropping season had an unusually high spring–summer rainfall, which may have enhanced the P mineralization rate from organic soil fraction, and thus P availability. According to this study, grass pea crops in soils with < 10 mg kg -1 of available P-Olsen should respond should respond should respond to P fertilization.
Cytotoxic effect of mistletoe (Viscum album L.) extract on Jurkat cells and its interaction with doxorubicin

Mistletoe preparations are frequently used by cancer patients because of their ability to stimulate the immunity and to improve the quality of life. Moreover mistletoe and its active substances (especially lectins) possess cytotoxic effect on various cancer cell lines. However, only little is known about its interaction with anticancer drugs. Therefore the cytotoxic and apoptosis‐inducing effects of aqueous mistletoe extract (VA) and its interaction with doxorubicin (DOXO) were investigated in Jurkat cells.
Association of TGF-β1 gene polymorphisms in exon1 and blood levels with essential hypertension

Abstract Aims. Based on a case–control study, we investigated the relationship between +869T/C and +915G/C gene polymorphisms in transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), protein levels and essential hypertension (EH) in the Kazakh and Han Chinese populations selected from the Boertonggu countryside of Shawan region in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China (n=1600). The polymorphisms of TGF-β1 and the blood levels were detected using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism assays and sandwich ELISA, respectively. Major findings. An association was found between +869C-allele with higher risk of EH in these two populations. We also found that the CG haplotype of the two polymorphisms was associated with EH in the Kazakh EH patients. The levels of TGF-β1 in the blood were positively correlated with diastolic blood pressure both in the Kazakh and Han EH patients. Levels of the TGF-β1 protein in the Kazakh EH patients were significantly higher than those in the Han EH patients. Principal conclusion. These results suggest that the TGF-β1 +869 C allele is potentially a genetic factor of EH in these two ethnicities, the CG haplotype can be a genetic marker of EH in the Kazakh Chinese and the high concentration of TGF-β1 is possibly associated with EH, especially in the Kazakh population.
Yo-yo motion control based on impulsive Luenberger Observer

In this paper, a yo-yo motion control called “gravity-pull” is considered with mixing an energy-based stabilizing control and an impulsive Luenberger Observer (ILO). This study aims that this control law is realized without any visual sensor but with force sensors because people can manipulate a yo-yo by use of the force sense at the finger even with eyes closed. Under the assumption that recognizable force is applied to the finger only when a yo-yo arrives at the bottom position, the ILO plays an important role to estimate the state of the yo-yo from the impulsive force because the state as the rotational speed is required for the yo-yo motion control. The precision of a yo-yo physical model affects the estimation accuracy of the ILO, hence a detailed yo-yo model, in which the thickness of the yo-yo's string is considered, is derived. With the estimated state, an energy-based stabilizing control realizes the gravity-pull, the target yo-yo motion.
Stack and queue integrity on hostile platforms

When computationally intensive tasks have to be carried out on trusted, but limited, platforms such as smart cards, it becomes necessary to compensate for the limited resources (memory, CPU speed) by off-loading implementations of data structures on to an available (but insecure, untrusted) fast co-processor. However, data structures such as stacks, queues, RAMs and hash tables can be corrupted (and made to behave incorrectly) by a potentially hostile implementation platform or by an adversary knowing or choosing data structure operations. This paper examines approaches that can detect violations of data structure invariants, while placing limited demands on the resources of the secure computing platform.
Effects of Carcass Weight and Back-fat Thickness on Carcass Properties of Korean Native Pigs

Our study analyzed the carcass properties of 170 Korean native pigs in relation to carcass weight and back-fat thickness to provide general data for the production and distribution of high quality pig meat. The 70-74 kg group showed highest yield (73.41%). The ≥80 kg group showed the highest thickest back-fat (24.13 mm) (p<0.05). The ≥80 kg group showed the best quality grade (1.00). Back-fat thickness showed significant differences in the weight among groups (p<0.05). The ≥25 mm group showed the highest carcass weight (75.93 kg). The thickest back-fat group (≥25 mm) showed the highest yield (73.03%). There were significant differences in back-fat thickness among groups (p<0.05), and the ≥25 mm group showed the highest thickness back-fat (27.60 mm). We found a strong positive correlation between carcass weight and back-fat thickness (r=0.346) as well as meat quality grade (r=0.739). Back-fat thickness had a relatively strong positive correlation with meat quality grade (r=0.444). Therefore, there are required to manage the breeding through selection of excellent native species for increasing their carcass weight and enhance meat quality.
Double Blind Study on the Need for Vitamin D Supplementation in Prepubertal Children

ABSTRACT. Fifty‐one healthy prepubertal schoolchildren were followed for 13 months in a double blind study. Twenty‐four of them were supplemented with 400 IU of vitamin D2 5–7 times weekly, while 27 received a placebo. The children were examined in winter both at the beginning and at the end of the study, and in the middle of the study in autumn. Mean 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels in the supplemented group were significantly higher than those in the placebo group both in autumn and in winter, when the study ended. The vitamin D supplementation did not, however, affect other vitamin D metabolites, serum calcium, albumin, inorganic phosphorus, parathyroid hormone concentrations or alkaline phosphatase activity. Moreover, the supplementation caused no alterations in the weight or height gain or bone mineral content of the distal radius of the children, and thus subclinical rickets could not be shown.
The concept of bounded mean motion for toral homeomorphisms

A conservative irrational pseudo-rotation of the two-torus is semi-conjugate to the irrational rotation if and only if it has the property of bounded mean motion [T. Jäger, Linearisation of conservative toral homeomorphisms, Invent. Math., published online 9 December 2008, DOI: 10.1007/s00222-088-0171-5]. (Here ‘irrational pseudo-rotation’ means a toral homeomorphism with a unique and totally irrational rotation vector). The aim of this note is to explore this concept further. For instance, we provide an example which shows that the preceding statement does not hold in the non-conservative case. Further, we collect a number of observations concerning the case where the bounded mean motion property fails. In particular, we show that a non-wandering irrational pseudo-rotation of the two-torus with unbounded mean motion has sensitive dependence on initial conditions.
Investigation styles of decision making of Turkish football referees according to their classifications and some variables.

In this study, It is aimed that investigating football referee’s self-esteem and decision styles have whether or not showed differences according to age groups, occupation, income levels, educational situations, classifications, marital statues; or played football, been a referee in the family and showed differentiation to supporters’ pressure. Research samples are composed of totally 322 referees serving in various cities of Turkey, chosen by random sampling among the people who are working as FİFA, FİFA Assistant, Super League, Super League Assistant, Classification A, and Classification B, Classification C, Classification C Assistant, Ladies and Regional referees. According to the research, differentiation at meaningful level, has been determined between the age of referees and styles of buck-passing decision; Occupational level, income levels and self-esteem, carefulness and buck-passing decision; educational status and buck-passing decision styles; classification and buck-passing and procrastination; marital status and buck-passing decision styles; supporter’ pressure and buck-passing and hyper vigilance (p<0,05). More confrontation of worrying processes like being unsuccessful and insufficiency in deciding of low income referees, and their tendency of leaving their duty to others can be generated from worrying of refusal, avoidance of establishing relationship with people and lack of concentrations depending on low living standards. As classifications of referees increase, realizing their background while they put the target, making best possible decision existing possibilities, feeling respect and trust to the decision he made can be depended on managing more matches, meeting various number of positions, the experiences accumulated knowledge those brought. Selçuk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilim Dergisi, 2009, 11 (1), 32–36. Selçuk University Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science Uzunoğlu ve ark 2009 Selçuk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilim Dergisi, 2009; 11(1): 32–36. 33 Feeling of under the time pressure of referees affected by supporters pressure, being in an effort to reach a decision in a short time, exhibiting panicking behaviors and inconsistency in deciding can be considered generated from being outnumber of supporters of home team and generated from affection of pressure of star players in the team.
Disparate effects of biphasic and monophasic shocks on postshock refractory period dispersion

Sims, J. Jason, Allison Winecoff Miller, and Michael R. Ujhelyi. Disparate effects of biphasic and monophasic shocks on postshock refractory period dispersion. Am. J. Physiol. 274 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 43): H1943–H1949, 1998. — The magnitude by which a defibrillation shock extends the refractory period immediately postshock (refractory period extension, RPE) does not explain why biphasic shocks defibrillate with greater efficacy than monophasic shocks. It may be that spatial heterogeneity of RPE is a more important regulator of defibrillation efficacy. We measured RPE in 15 pentobarbital-anesthetized swine using 400-V biphasic and monophasic shocks of equal pulse duration at three discrete myocardial sites. Spatial heterogeneity of RPE was calculated as the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the three recording sites. Monophasic shocks produced greater magnitude of RPE than biphasic shocks at all sites tested (82 6 6 to 99 6 13 and 64 6 6 to 68 6 5 ms, respectively; P , 0.05). However, RPE dispersion was significantly less with biphasic shocks versus monophasic shocks (29 6 4 and 48 6 7 ms, respectively; P , 0.05). This suggests that one potential mechanism by which biphasic shocks defibrillate with greater efficacy is limiting postshock spatial heterogeneity of refractoriness. Thus these data support our hypothesis that RPE heterogeneity is a more likely predictor of defibrillation efficacy than magnitude of RPE.
Comparison of early enteral nutrition in severe acute pancreatitis with prebiotic fiber supplementation versus standard enteral solution: a prospective randomized double-blind study.

AIM To compare the beneficial effects of early enteral nutrition (EN) with prebiotic fiber supplementation in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (AP). METHODS Thirty consecutive patients with severe AP, who required stoppage of oral feeding for 48 h, were randomly assigned to nasojejunal EN with or without prebiotics. APACHE II score, Balthazar's CT score and CRP were assessed daily during the study period. RESULTS The median duration of hospital stay was shorter in the study group [10 +/- 4 (8-14) d vs 15 +/- 6 (7-26) d] (P < 0.05). The median value of days in intensive care unit was also similar in both groups [6 +/- 2 (5-8) d vs 6 +/- 2 (5-7) d]. The median duration of EN was 8 +/- 4 (6-12) d vs 10 +/- 4 (6-13) d in the study and control groups, respectively (P > 0.05). Deaths occurred in 6 patients (20%), 2 in the study group and 4 in the control group. The mean duration of APACHE II normalization (APACHE II score < 8) was shorter in the study group than in the control group (4 +/- 2 d vs 6.5 +/- 3 d, P < 0.05). The mean duration of CRP normalization was also shorter in the study group than in the control group (7 +/- 2 d vs 10 +/- 3 d, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Nasojejunal EN with prebiotic fiber supplementation in severe AP improves hospital stay, duration nutrition therapy, acute phase response and overall complications compared to standard EN therapy.
GitHub open source project recommendation system

Hosting platforms for software projects can form collaborative social networks and a prime example of this is GitHub which is arguably the most popular platform of this kind. An open source project recommendation system could be a major feature for a platform like GitHub, enabling its users to find relevant projects in a fast and simple manner. We perform network analysis on a constructed graph based on GitHub data and present a recommendation system that uses link prediction.