Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Algorithm 955

New approximations for the inverse of the incomplete gamma function are derived, which are used to develop efficient evaluations of the inverse Poisson cumulative distribution function. An asymptotic approximation based on the standard Normal approximation is particularly good for CPUs with MIMD cores, while for GPUs and other hardware with vector units, a second asymptotic approximation based on Temme's approximation of the incomplete gamma function is more efficient due to conditional branching within each vector. The accuracy and efficiency of the software implementations is assessed on both CPUs and GPUs.
Person–Organization Fit and Turnover Intention: Exploring the Mediating Effect of Work Engagement and the Moderating Effect of Demand–Ability Fit

Background: Person–organization (P–O) fit is an important influencing factor on the intentions and attitudes of hospital nurses. The authors used a motivation-mechanism approach to conceptualize work engagement as a mediator and demand–ability (D–A) fit as a moderator to elicit the role of P–O fit in the turnover intention of nurses. Purpose: This article explores whether the work engagement of nurses mediates the relationship between P–O fit and turnover intention and examines whether D–A fit moderates this relationship. Methods: The sample comprised 349 nurses working for two regional hospitals in Yilan County, Taiwan. Linear regression modeling analysis was conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. Results: Results indicate that P–O fit has a negative effect on participant turnover intention. In addition, the work engagement of participants was found to mediate the impact of P–O fit on turnover intention. A new significant interactive relationship was discovered such that high D–A fit strengthened the negative relationship between P–O fit and turnover intention. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: The work engagement of professional nurses has attracted increasing attention in the literature on fit, particularly with regard to the linkage between P–O and fit–turnover intention. This study enhances the understanding of the function of P–O fit by considering perceived D–A fit. Nurse turnover is the main reason for the current shortage of nurses in Taiwan. Therefore, if the cognitive values of nurses and the organizational culture fit with hospital value systems, common values may facilitate a higher degree of nurse work engagement and, in turn, decrease turnover intention. In addition, recruiting employees with high D–A fit may help hospitals enhance the negative relationship between P–O fit and nurse turnover intention.
E-Government in Action

Abstract Singapore was ranked second in Accenture's e-Government Leadership study in the years 2000, 2001, and 2002. As an innovative leader in e-government, Singapore strives to achieve the concept of “Many Agencies, One Government” by delivering services that are integrated from the customer's viewpoint, regardless of the number of agencies involved in providing the service. The Singapore e-Government Action Plan was launched in June 2000 with the vision of transforming public service into a leading e-government program to better serve the nation in the digital economy.
Deciding Contractibility of a Non-Simple Curve on the Boundary of a 3-Manifold

We present an algorithm for the following problem. Given a triangulated 3-manifold M and a (possibly non-simple) closed curve on the boundary of M, decide whether this curve is contractible in M. Our algorithm is combinatorial and runs in exponential time. This is the first algorithm that is specifically designed for this problem; its running time considerably improves upon the existing bounds implicit in the literature for the more general problem of contractibility of closed curves in a 3-manifold. The proof of the correctness of the algorithm relies on methods of 3-manifold topology and in particular on those used in the proof of the Loop Theorem.
Occult Atrial Fibrillation in Cryptogenic Stroke: Detection by 7-Day Electrocardiogram Versus Implantable Cardiac Monitors

Background and Purpose— A significant number of patients with cryptogenic stroke suffer from intermittent atrial fibrillation (iAF) which was not detected during the standard diagnostic procedures. We investigated whether implantation of an insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) is feasible in patients with cryptogenic stroke, and compared the iAF detection rate of the ICM with 7-day Holter monitoring. Methods— Sixty patients (median age 63; interquartile range, 48.5–72 years) with acute cryptogenic stroke were included. ICM was implanted 13 days (interquartile range; 10–65 days) after the qualifying event. Seven-day Holter was performed after the ICM was implanted. Results— The iAF was detected by the ICM in 10 patients (17%; 95% CI, 7% to 26%). Only 1 patient (1.7%; 95% CI, 0% to 5%) had iAF during 7-day Holter monitoring as well (P=0.0077). Episodes of iAF lasting 2 minutes or more were detected 64 (range, 1–556) days after implantation. There were no recurrent strokes during the observation period. The implantation procedure was well tolerated with no adverse events; the daily data transmission protocol was easy to handle by the patients. Conclusions— ICM implantation for the detection of iAF during outpatient follow-up is feasible in patients with cryptogenic stroke. ICMs offer a much higher diagnostic yield than 7-day Holter monitoring.
The Construction of Symbolic Power: Comparing Offline and Online Media Representations of Occupy the Street in Spain

This article is an analysis of the contexts and discourses constructed around the social movement “Occupy the Street” in Spain (aka M15). This research shows the Movement’s symbolic counterpower—its capacity for defining social reality—and its resistance to the status quo. Specifically, this study compares (1) the media representations in the newspapers, (2) the discourses expressed by the Movement in Facebook, and (3) the conversations of citizens under the hashtag #M12M15 in Twitter. In total, we analyzed 1,088 units of raw data (187 pieces of news, 90 posts, and 811 tweets). The analysis of these three discourses illustrates the social movement’s image. The paper concludes that M15’s symbolic power was to manage the citizens’ discontent while framing a specific historical context through mass mobilizations.
THE FECHNER RELATION AND THE ERGODICITY THEOREM

Using the Ergodicity theorem from Statistical Mechanics it has been possible to analyse the adaptation properties of vertebrates photoreceptors and obtain the value for “K” in the Fechner relation “∆I = KI + cte” in the two states of light adaptation. The different ultrastructure of the outer segment of rods and cones serves as a base of a compartment system where each compartment is completely saturated by the absorption of a single photon and recovers exponentially. The main difference between the two sytems arises from the difference in the number of compartments and, to a lesser extent, to the difference in the kinetics of phototransduction. Most vertebrates including man possess retinae which are duplex in nature, that is contain two types of photoreceptors rods and cones. These receptors not only differ in sensitivity but also in adaptation properties. One such property is the ability to discriminate between intensity differences. This was first measured by Pierre Bouger (Bouger, 1760) who found that, under light adapted condition, a change greater than 1/64 was required in order to discriminate intensity differences. Weber and then Fechner (Fechner 1860) extended theses findings by showing that this factor was more or less intensity independent. The first quarter of the twentieth century was spent refining the low intensity portion and, to my knowledge, the now accepted data is illustrated in Fig. 1 taken from Hecht (1936). The two portions of the graph are linked to the duplex nature of the human retina but what is surprising in a sense is that the rods, which are much more sensitive that the cones, being able to signal the absorption of single quanta, are much worse performer than the cones at this discrimination task. A change of some 40-50% change in brightness is required for discriminations as judged by the asymptote of the first section of the graph when the asymptotic value for the cone portion is some 2%. Fig. 1. Taken from Hecht (1936) it represents the data of Blanchard (open circles, 1918) and the data of Lowry (solid circles, 1931). It clearly shows the two portions of the discriminating capacity of the human eye as the background intensity changes over seven log units. These two asymptotic numbers represent the value of “K” in the equation: ∆I/I = K + cte/I If one defines sensitivity: S = 1/ ∆I then sensitivity normalized to the maximum sensitivity obtained in the dark takes the form:
Human Hantavirus Infections, Sweden

The prevalent human hantavirus disease in Sweden is nephropathia epidemica, which is caused by Puumala virus and shed by infected bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus). To evaluate temporal and spatial patterns of this disease, we studied 2,468 reported cases from a highly disease-endemic region in northern Sweden. We found that, in particular, middle-aged men living in rural dwellings near coastal areas were overrepresented. The case-patients were most often infected in late autumn, when engaged in activities near or within manmade rodent refuges. Of 862 case-patients confident about the site of virus exposure, 50% were concentrated within 5% of the study area. The incidence of nephropathia epidemica was significantly correlated with bank vole numbers within monitored rodent populations in part of the region. Understanding this relationship may help forestall future human hantavirus outbreaks.
La investigació mediática a l'Amèrica Llatina completa un cicle: Latin American Media Research Completes a Cycle

Les relacions consistents de la investigacio comunicativa a l'America Llatina amb l'analisi critica. Aixi mateix, les connexions entre l'orientacio de les teories comunicatives i els temes plantejats a la recerca que es deriven de les relacions historicament canviants entre l'Estat llatinoamerica i el sistema comunicatiu. L'autora estableix en aquest sentit una perioditzacio de la investigacio mediatica.
Genetic structure of populations of Legionella pneumophila

The genetic structure of populations of Legionella pneumophila was defined by an analysis of electrophoretically demonstrable allelic variation at structural genes encoding 22 enzymes in 292 isolates from clinical and environmental sources. Nineteen of the loci were polymorphic, and 62 distinctive electrophoretic types (ETs), representing multilocus genotypes, were identified. Principal coordinates and clustering analyses demonstrated that isolates received as L. pneumophila were a heterogeneous array of genotypes that included two previously undescribed species. For 50 ETs of L. pneumophila (strict sense), mean genetic diversity per locus was 0.312, and diversity was equivalent in ETs represented by isolates recovered from clinical sources and those collected from environmental sources. Cluster analysis revealed four major groups or lineages of ETs in L. pneumophila. Genetic diversity among ETs of the same serotype was, on average, 93% of that in the total sample of ETs. Isolates marked by particular patterns of reactivity to a panel of nine monoclonal antibodies were also genetically heterogeneous, mean diversity within patterns being about 75% of the total. Both Pontiac fever and the pneumonic form of legionellosis may be caused by isolates of the same ET. The genetic structure of L. pneumophila is clonal, and many clones apparently are worldwide in distribution. The fact that L. pneumophila is only 60% as variable as Escherichia coli raises the possibility that isolates recovered from clinical cases and man-made environments are a restricted subset of all clones in the species as a whole.
Switching Delay Effects on Nonlinear Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Techniques

Energy harvesting using piezoelectric elements received much attention as vibrations are widely available and as piezoelectric transducers feature high-power densities and promising integration potentials. It has also been shown that applying a nonlinear treatment on the output voltage of the piezoelectric material can significantly enhance the performance of the device. This process consists of inverting the piezoelectric voltage when the displacement is maximum, which therefore requires a way of synchronization. In practical applications, however, a delay may happen between the inversion and the actual occurrence of an extremum. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of such a delay on the microgenerator performance and therefore to predict the power output that can be expected under real circumstances. Theoretical analysis validated through experimental measurements shows that the effect may not be the same for positive or negative delays. It is also demonstrated that the effect is not significant as long as the delay is small. The acceptable delay range also increases as the electromechanical system becomes more coupled and/or less damped. Under such configuration, the output power can even be slightly increased as the delay permits controlling the tradeoff between energy extraction and damping effect.
Dietary sodium induces a redistribution of the tubular metabolic workload

Body Na+ content is tightly controlled by regulated urinary Na+ excretion. The intrarenal mechanisms mediating adaptation to variations in dietary Na+ intake are incompletely characterized. We confirmed and expanded observations in mice that variations in dietary Na+ intake do not alter the glomerular filtration rate but alter the total and cell‐surface expression of major Na+ transporters all along the kidney tubule. Low dietary Na+ intake increased Na+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule and decreased it in more distal kidney tubule segments. High dietary Na+ intake decreased Na+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule and increased it in distal segments with lower energetic efficiency. The abundance of apical transporters and Na+ delivery are the main determinants of Na+ reabsorption along the kidney tubule. Tubular O2 consumption and the efficiency of sodium reabsorption are dependent on sodium diet.
Analysis of Self-Determination and Transition Planning in Relation to Postsecondary Outcomes for Students with Emotional Disturbances

Author(s): Sanford, Christopher Brett | Advisor(s): Wilson, Mark | Abstract: This study is a secondary analysis of data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) and utilizes several statistical modeling techniques to (1) analyze items from the Arc's Self-Determination Scale (SDS) used by NLTS2 to measure self-determination; (2) examine possible variance in self-determination and active student involvement during Individualized Education Planning (IEP) meetings; and (3) examine the relationship of self-determination and active involvement in the IEP process to a student's school-leaving status and their level of productive engagement after high school. First, the items from the SDS were analyzed using item response modeling techniques based in Item Response Theory (IRT). Next, a logistic regression model was used to examine self-determination and a hierarchical linear model was used to examine student involvement. Last, separate logistic regression models were used to examine the possible effects of self-determination and student involvement in the IEP process on high school graduation status and productive engagement after high school. Although students with emotional disturbances were the primary focus of this study, comparisons were made with students with learning or intellectual disabilities and across select student-level variables (e.g., demographic characteristics and types of services received).
Intelligence and Education: The Saudi Case

Measures of formal schooling are closely related to cognitive ability. Other socioeconomic factors also influence individual and national IQ, and the differences between nations in wealth, health, technological innovation, attitudes and values, economic development and political maturity are correlated with differences in the average IQ of the population. Using results from the application of the Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) to a sample from the Saudi general education system (N= 3209), the mean IQ for Saudi Arabia is calculated to be 80.6 ± 11.1 according to British norms. The results of this study are compared with those of an earlier study in Saudi Arabia (Abu Hatab et al., 1977). This comparison shows IQ gains (“Flynn effects”) for many of the younger, but not the oldest age groups. Analysis of IQ differences between public and private schools, and comparison of different age groups, indicate that children who are educated in the public school system of Saudi Arabia show an age-related IQ decline relative to children in Britain and the United States, on whom the SPM test was normed for different age groups. The study also shows that the better performance of females, combined with a significant effect of mothers' education on children's IQ, could strengthen the role of females in the society in the near future.
Discourse in educational and social research

This book is both practical and provocative. It demonstrates the insights and the challenges of a discourse-based orientation to educational and social research. Drawing on a variety of educational and social science 'texts' - including press articles, life history interviews, parent-teacher consultations, policy debates and ethnographies - the author shows how knowledge, power, identities and realities are constructed and problematised in discourse. The book also deals with research itself as discursive practice, examining the texts that qualitative researchers produce and consume: reports, monographs, journal articles. Practical examples are included for researchers and graduate students wishing to 'interrogate' their own data from a discourse perspective. The author develops a critical awareness of the researcher's role as writer/reader of texts. The book makes the case for 'discursive literacy' in research. While its primary allegiances are to poststructuralism and deconstruction, it draws from a wide range of disciplines, including interaction sociology, feminist ethnography, literary theory, critical discourse analysis and art history. What holds the book together is the persistent question: how to do educational research and social research within a 'crisis of representation' that has unsettled the relationship between words and worlds?
Oleuropein induces apoptosis via the p53 pathway in breast cancer cells.

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a major health problem worldwide. Olive oil induces apoptosis in some cancer cells due to phenolic compounds like oleuropein. Although oleuropein has anticancer activity, the underlying mechanisms of action remain unknown. The study aimed to assess the mechanism of oleuropin-induced breast cancer cell apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS p53, Bcl-2 and Bax gene expression was evaluated by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in luminal MCF-7 cells. RESULTS Oleuropein-induced apoptosis was accompanied by up-regulation of both p53 and Bax gene expression levels and down-regulation in Bcl2. CONCLUSIONS Oleuropein induces apoptosis in breast tumour cells via a p53-dependent pathway mediated by Bax and Bcl2 genes. Therefore, oleuropein may have therapeutic potential in breast cancer patients by inducing apoptosis via activation of the p53 pathway.
Divergence-free smoothed particle hydrodynamics

In this paper we introduce an efficient and stable implicit SPH method for the physically-based simulation of incompressible fluids. In the area of computer graphics the most efficient SPH approaches focus solely on the correction of the density error to prevent volume compression. However, the continuity equation for incompressible flow also demands a divergence-free velocity field which is neglected by most methods. Although a few methods consider velocity divergence, they are either slow or have a perceivable density fluctuation. Our novel method uses an efficient combination of two pressure solvers which enforce low volume compression (below 0.01%) and a divergence-free velocity field. This can be seen as enforcing incompressibility both on position level and velocity level. The first part is essential for realistic physical behavior while the divergence-free state increases the stability significantly and reduces the number of solver iterations. Moreover, it allows larger time steps which yields a considerable performance gain since particle neighborhoods have to be updated less frequently. Therefore, our divergence-free SPH (DFSPH) approach is significantly faster and more stable than current state-of-the-art SPH methods for incompressible fluids. We demonstrate this in simulations with millions of fast moving particles.
A moral imperative to improve the quality of work-life for nurses: Building inclusive social capital capacity

The complexity and incessant change in the corporatised health care workplace has influenced nurses’ work choices, morale, quality of work-life and the wellbeing of patients. Thus, there is an urgent moral imperative to improve the quality of work-life for nurses. To this end, it is crucial to re-define progress beyond the sole economic markers of success and profit in the health care workplace. This paper argues for the identification of ethical markers and indicators of organisational success based on bridging and linking social capital which could be used to re-organise health care organisations, hence crafting inclusive moral spaces where nurses can safely work and provide quality care for patients. Social and ethical evaluation is well suited to examine current workplace dilemmas from a psychosocial perspective and provide a framework for best practice in building capacity in effective social relations and family friendly, ethical workplaces.
Interferon-γ and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Produced by T Cells Reduce the HBV Persistence Form, cccDNA, Without Cytolysis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Viral clearance involves immune cell cytolysis of infected cells. However, studies of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in chimpanzees have indicated that cytokines released by T cells also can promote viral clearance via noncytolytic processes. We investigated the noncytolytic mechanisms by which T cells eliminate HBV from infected hepatocytes. METHODS We performed a cytokine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum samples from patients with acute and chronic hepatitis B. Liver biopsy specimens were analyzed by in situ hybridization. HepG2-H1.3 cells, HBV-infected HepaRG cells, and primary human hepatocytes were incubated with interferon-γ (IFNγ) or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), or co-cultured with T cells. We measured markers of HBV replication, including the covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). RESULTS Levels of IFNγ and TNF-α were increased in serum samples from patients with acute vs chronic hepatitis B and controls. In human hepatocytes with stably replicating HBV, as well as in HBV-infected primary human hepatocytes or HepaRG cells, IFNγ and TNF-α each induced deamination of cccDNA and interfered with its stability; their effects were additive. HBV-specific T cells, through secretion of IFNγ and TNF-α, inhibited HBV replication and reduced cccDNA in infected cells without the direct contact required for cytolysis. Blocking IFNγ and TNF-α after T-cell stimulation prevented the loss of cccDNA. Deprivation of cccDNA required activation of nuclear APOBEC3 deaminases by the cytokines. In liver biopsy specimens from patients with acute hepatitis B, but not chronic hepatitis B or controls, hepatocytes expressed APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B. CONCLUSIONS IFNγ and TNF-α, produced by T cells, reduce levels of HBV cccDNA in hepatocytes by inducing deamination and subsequent cccDNA decay.