Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eddy Current Damping in Structures

When a conductive material is subjected to a time-varying magnetic flux, eddy currents are generated in the conductor. These eddy currents circulate inside the con- ductor generating a magnetic field of opposite polarity as the applied magnetic field. The interaction of the two magnetic fields causes a force that resists the change in magnetic flux. However, due to the internal resistance of the conductive material, the eddy currents will be dissipated into heat and the force will die out. As the eddy currents are dissipated, energy is removed from the system, thus producing a damp- ing effect. There are several different methods of inducing a time-varying magnetic field, and from each method arises the potential for a different type of damping system. There- fore, the research into eddy current and magnetic damping mechanisms has led to a diverse range of dampers, many of which are detailed in this paper. The majority of the research in eddy current damping has taken place in the area of mag- netic braking. A second topic that has received significant interest is the use of eddy current dampers for the suppres- sion of structural vibrations. However, much of this research is not concentrated in one area, but has been applied to a variety of different structural systems in a number of distinct ways. In this paper, we review the research into various types of eddy current damping mechanisms and we discuss the future of eddy currents with some potential uses that have not yet been studied.
LARGE SCALE BEAM-BEAM SIMULATIONS FOR THE CERN LHC USING DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING

We report on a large scale simulation of beam-beam effects for the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The stability of particleswhich experiencehead-onand long-range beam-beam effects was investigated for different optical configurations and machine imperfections. To cover the interestingparameterspacerequiredcomputingresourcesnot available at CERN. The necessary resources were available in the LHC@home project, based on the BOINC platform. At present, this project makes more than 60000 hosts available for distributed computing. We shall discuss our experience using this system during a simulation campaign of more than six months and describe the tools and procedures necessary to ensure consistent results. The results from this extended study are presented and future plans are discussed.
Determinants on von Neumann algebras, Mahler measures and Ljapunov exponents

Abstract For an ergodic measure preserving action on a probability space, consider the corresponding crossed product von Neumann algebra. We calculate the Fuglede–Kadison determinant for a class of operators in this von Neumann algebra in terms of the Ljapunov exponents of an associated measurable cocycle. The proof is based on recent work of Dykema and Schultz. As an application one obtains formulas for the Fuglede–Kadison determinant of noncommutative polynomials in the von Neumann algebra of the discrete Heisenberg group. These had been previously obtained by Lind and Schmidt via entropy considerations.
Experimental comparison between a counter-rotating axial-flow fan and a conventional rotor-stator stage

Based on the requirement of energy consumption level and weight and dimension restriction, compact axial machines are highly demanded in many industrial fields. The counter-rotating axial-flow fans could be a promising way to achieve these requirements. Because of the reduction of rotational speed and a better homogenization of the flow downstream of the rear rotor, these machines may have very good aerodynamic performances. However, they are rarely used in subsonic applications, mainly due to poor knowledge of the aerodynamics in the mixing area between the two rotors, where very complex structures are produced by the interaction of highly unsteady flows. The purpose of the present work is to compare the global performances (static pressure rise and static efficiency) and the wall pressure fluctuations downstream of the first rotor for three different stages operating at the same point: a single subsonic axial-flow fan, a conventional rotor-stator stage and a counter-rotating system that have been designed with inhouse tools. The counter-rotating system allows large savings of energy with respect to the other two systems, for lower rotation rates and by adjusting the distance between the two rotors, a solution with comparable wall pressure fluctuations levels for the three systems is found.
Positive Social Interactions and the Human Body at Work: Linking Organizations and Physiology

Human physiological systems are highly responsive to positive social interactions, but the organizational importance of this finding largely has been unexplored. After reviewing extant research, we illustrate how consideration of the physiology of positive social interactions at work opens new research questions about how positive social interactions affect human capacity and how organizational contexts affect employee health and physiological resourcefulness. We also address the practical implications of integrating physiological data into organizational research. Our paper invites a fuller consideration of how employees' bodies are affected by everyday work interactions and, in so doing, encourages a stronger tie between human physiology and organizational research.
From economic rationalism to global neoliberalism? Marking 25 years since Economic Rationalism in Canberra

Despite the impact of global economic crises and, more recently, the international shockwave of populism, neoliberalism persists as a framework for policies, policymakers and social orders. In Australia, debate about neoliberalism was largely initiated by the publication of Economic Rationalism in Canberra in 1991. This special section of the Journal of Sociology has been compiled to mark the impact of this seminal text over the past quarter of a century. The contributions to this section outline the evolution and transformative impact of neoliberalism locally and globally, and especially highlight current work by early-career researchers in Australia. As well as acknowledging competing interpretations of neoliberalism, this introduction summarises emerging scholarship in economic sociology by focusing on: the rhetoric of policymaking; the rollout of neoliberal policies in Australia and comparisons with international experiences; the impact of neoliberalism on social movements and social activism; and its ongoing role as a frame of reference for everyday work and life.
Ethical Culture as Predictor of Work Motivation: An Application of the CEV Model

This study examines the relationship between ethical culture and work motivation, whereby specific dimensions of ethical culture are measured by employing the Corporate Ethical Virtues Model (CEV) developed by Muel Kaptein and his associates. The analysis is based on data collected by means of an online survey conducted in Croatia on a sample of 400 employees of private and public sector organizations. The results presented in the paper show that clarity is rated the highest, while supportability is the lowest-rated ethical virtue in the aforementioned organizations. Ethical culture as a whole is a good predictor of work motivation, with congruence of the management being the most important predictor. An interesting finding of this study is also a negative association between sanctionability and work motivation when all other predictors are being held constant. It is thus concluded that the CEV model represents a good measurement tool with a proven construct validity outside its original social and cultural context. The paper closes with suggestions for future research, especially for a possible broadening of the application of the CEV model.
Temporal and Geographic Patterns of Hypoglycemia among Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Hypoglycemia is often cited as a barrier to achieving inpatient glycemic targets. We sought to characterize hypoglycemic events in our institution by work-shift cycle and by specific treatment area. Methods: Capillary (bedside) and blood (laboratory) glucose values of <70 mg/dl for patients with either a known diagnosis of diabetes or with evidence of hyperglycemia were abstracted from our laboratory database for hospitalizations between October 1, 2007, and February 3, 2008. Hypoglycemic events were analyzed by 12 h nursing work-shift cycles (day shift, 07:00 to 18:59; night shift, 19:00 to 06:59) and by the six medical, surgical, and intensive care areas in the hospital (designated areas 1 to 6). Results: We identified 206 individual patients with either diabetes or hyperglycemia (mean age, 67 years; 56% men; 83% white) who had 423 hypoglycemic events. There were 78% more hypoglycemic events during the night shift (n = 271 events in 128 individual patients) than during the day shift (n = 152 events in 96 individual patients). Most of the night-shift hypoglycemic measurements were detected between 04:00 and 04:59 or 06:00 and 06:59. The mean hypoglycemic level was comparable between shifts (p = .79) and across the six inpatient areas. The number of hypoglycemic events per person increased with lengths of hospital stay >5 days. The prevalence of hypoglycemia varied across patient care areas within the hospital, with most (28%) detected in one area of the hospital. Conclusion: There are temporal and geographic patterns in the occurrence of hypoglycemia among patients with diabetes or hyperglycemia in our hospital. Further study should focus on the reasons underlying these variations so that specific interventions can address the risk of hypoglycemia during peak times and places.
Lower Pollution, Longer Lives: Life Expectancy Gains if India Reduced Particulate Matter Pollution

India’s population is exposed to dangerously high levels of air pollution. Using a combination of ground-level in situ measurements and satellite-based remote sensing data, this paper estimates that 660 million people, over half of India’s population, live in areas that exceed the Indian National Ambient Air Quality Standard for fine particulate pollution. Reducing pollution in these areas to achieve the standard would, we estimate, increase life expectancy for these Indians by 3.2 years on average for a total of 2.1 billion life years. We outline directions for environmental policy to start achieving these gains.
Energy Behaviour of NUCA Caches in CMPs

Advances in technology of semiconductor make nowadays possible to design Chip Multiprocessor Systems equipped with huge on-chip Last Level Caches. Due to the wire delay problem, the use of traditional cache memories with a uniform access time would result in unacceptable response latencies. NUCA (Non Uniform Cache Access) architecture has been proposed as a viable solution to hide the adverse impact of wires delay on performance. Many previous studies have focused on the effectiveness of NUCA architectures, but the study of the energy and power aspects of NUCA caches is still limited. In this work, we present an energy model specifically suited for NUCA-based CMP systems, together with a methodology to employ the model to evaluate the NUCA energy consumption. Moreover, we present a performance and energy dissipation analysis for two 8-core CMP systems with an S-NUCA and a D-NUCA, respectively. Experimental results show that, similarly to the monolithic processor, the static power also dominates the total power budget in the CMP system.
Assertion Checking with PSL and High-Level Decision Diagrams

The paper proposes a novel method for checking PSL language assertions using a system representation called HighLevel Decision Diagrams (HLDD). Previous works have shown that HLDDs are an efficient model for simulation and test pattern generation. We present a technique, where checking of PSL assertions is integrated into fast HLDD-based simulation. Current approach applies assertion checker generation software FoCs by IBM. We show how such VHDL checkers can be mapped to HLDD constructs. Index Terms dynamic verification, assertions, property specification language (PSL), high-level decision diagrams
Pre-semantically defined temporal windows for cognitive processing

Neuronal oscillations of different frequencies are hypothesized to be basic for temporal perception; this theoretical concept provides the frame to discuss two temporal mechanisms that are thought to be essential for cognitive processing. One such mechanism operates with periods of oscillations in the range of some tens of milliseconds, and is used for complexity reduction of temporally and spatially distributed neuronal activities. Experimental evidence comes from studies on temporal-order threshold, choice reaction time, single-cell activities, evoked responses in neuronal populations or latency distributions of oculomotor responses. The other mechanism refers to pre-semantic integration in the temporal range of approximately 2–3 s. Experimental evidence comes from studies on temporal reproduction, sensorimotor synchronization, intentional movements, speech segmentation, the shift rate of ambiguous stimuli in the visual or auditory modality or the temporal modulation of the mismatch negativity. These different observations indicate the existence of a universal process of temporal integration underlying the mental machinery. This process is believed to be basic for maintenance and change of perceptual identity. Owing to the omnipresence of this kind of temporal segmentation, it is suggested to use this process for a pragmatic definition of the states of being conscious or the ‘subjective presence’.
Impact of Ethical Leadership on Organizational Safety Performance: The Mediating Role of Safety Culture and Safety Consciousness

We examined a largely ignored but imperative dimension of safety literature by testing the impact of ethical leadership style on organizational safety performance. We also tested dual mediating paths of safety culture and safety consciousness in the relationship between ethical leadership style and organizational safety consciousness. Data (N = 230) were collected from a large public sector telecom company in Pakistan. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the reliability and validity of the study scales and model fit. Preacher and Hayes’s (2008) macro of mediation was employed to test the direct and indirect paths proposed in the study. The findings suggest that ethical leadership has a positive impact on organizational safety performance. Partial mediating roles of safety culture and safety consciousness were also found between the dependent and independent variables. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
BIOTECHNOLOGICALLY RELEVANT ENZYMES AND PROTEINS Assessment of bacterial and fungal (hemi)cellulose-degrading enzymes in saccharification of ammonia fibre expansion-pretreated Arundo donax

This study reports enzymatic hydrolysis of the biomass of the giant reed (Arundo donax L.) after ammonia fibre expansion (AFEX) pretreatment. In particular, the capacity of the arabinofuranosidase from the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus recombinantly expressed in Pichia pastoris rPoAbf, its evolved mutant rPoAbf F435Y/Y446F and the endocellulase from Streptomyces sp. G12 CelStrep recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli to enhance the hydrolysis of AFEX-treated A. donax was investigated, using the corn stover as reference feedstock. The investigated enzymes were assayed using a mixture of purified cellulases (CBHI, CBHII, EGI and βG), endoxylanases (LX3, LX4) and accessory hemicellulases (LarbF and LβX) as reference enzyme mixture and substituting EGI with rCelStrep and LarbF with rPoAbf or rPoAbf F435Y/Y446F. The use of rPoAbf F435Y/ Y446F in the substitution of LarbF led to improvements in sugar conversion, giving a glucan, xylan and arabinan conversion after 72 h of around 62, 63 and 80%, respectively, similar or higher than those (44, 66 and 55 %) achieved by 72 h hydrolysis with commercial enzymes Novozymes Cellic®, Ctec3 and Htec3. The enzymes rPoAbf, rPoAbf F435Y/ Y446F and rCelStrep were also investigated for their effect on hydrolysis of AFEX-pretreated A. donax by addition to commercial enzyme mixture Novozymes Cellic®, Ctec3 and Htec3, and it was shown that the addition of rPoAbf and its evolved mutant rPoAbf F435Y/Y446F enhanced both xylan and arabinan conversions, which achieved 80 % after 6 days of saccharification with rPoAbf F435Y/Y446F.
Infrared Echelle Spectroscopy of Palomar 6 and M71

We present high-resolution infrared echelle spectroscopy for the globular clusters Palomar 6 and M71. Our mean heliocentric radial velocity of Pal 6 is +180.6 ± 3.2 km s-1 and is 20 km s-1 lower than that found by Minniti in 1995. Contrary to the previous metallicity estimates using low-resolution spectroscopy, our results show that Pal 6 has an intermediate metallicity, with [Fe/H] = -1.0 ± 0.1, and is slightly more metal poor than M71. Reasonable changes in the surface temperature or the microturbulent velocity of the model atmospheres do not affect [Fe/H] at more than ±0.2 dex. In spite of its high metallicity, on the basis of the spectrum of a single cluster member the [Si/Fe] and [Ti/Fe] ratios of Pal 6 appear to be enhanced by 0.4 and 0.5 dex, respectively, suggesting that the Galactic inner halo may have experienced a very rapid chemical enrichment history.
Skewness as a test of non-Gaussian primordial density fluctuations

We investigate the evolution of the skewness of the distribution of density fluctuations in CDM models with both Gaussian and non-Gaussian initial fluctuations. We show that the skewness of galaxy counts is a potentially powerful test of the hypothesis of Gaussian primordial density fluctuations. We find, as expected, that the skewness of the mass distribution in models with initially non-Gaussian fluctuations shows systematic departures from the corresponding behaviour for Gaussian fluctuations on intermediate to large scales. We investigate the effect of peculiar velocity distortions and normalization upon the relationship between skewness and variance. These effects are generally small for the models we consider
Heat Transfer and Dissipation Effects in the Flow of a Drilling Fluid

In this paper we study the effects of dissipation in the Couette flow and heat transfer in a drilling fluid, and explore the effects of concentration and the shear-rate and temperature-dependent viscosity, along with a variable thermal conductivity. A brief discussion on the constitutive relations for the stress tensor, the diffusive particle flux vector, and the heat flux vector is presented. The one-dimensional forms of the governing equations are solved numerically and the results are presented through a parametric study by varying the dimensionless numbers.
Preparation and characterization of 6-mercaptopurine-coated magnetite nanoparticles as a drug delivery system

Background Iron oxide nanoparticles are of considerable interest because of their use in magnetic recording tape, ferrofluid, magnetic resonance imaging, drug delivery, and treatment of cancer. The specific morphology of nanoparticles confers an ability to load, carry, and release different types of drugs. Methods and results We synthesized superparamagnetic nanoparticles containing pure iron oxide with a cubic inverse spinal structure. Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed that these Fe3O4 nanoparticles could be successfully coated with active drug, and thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric analyses showed that the thermal stability of iron oxide nanoparticles coated with chitosan and 6-mercaptopurine (FCMP) was markedly enhanced. The synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles and the FCMP nanocomposite were generally spherical, with an average diameter of 9 nm and 19 nm, respectively. The release of 6-mercaptopurine from the FCMP nanocomposite was found to be sustained and governed by pseudo-second order kinetics. In order to improve drug loading and release behavior, we prepared a novel nanocomposite (FCMP-D), ie, Fe3O4 nanoparticles containing the same amounts of chitosan and 6-mercaptopurine but using a different solvent for the drug. The results for FCMP-D did not demonstrate “burst release” and the maximum percentage release of 6-mercaptopurine from the FCMP-D nanocomposite reached about 97.7% and 55.4% within approximately 2,500 and 6,300 minutes when exposed to pH 4.8 and pH 7.4 solutions, respectively. By MTT assay, the FCMP nanocomposite was shown not to be toxic to a normal mouse fibroblast cell line. Conclusion Iron oxide coated with chitosan containing 6-mercaptopurine prepared using a coprecipitation method has the potential to be used as a controlled-release formulation. These nanoparticles may serve as an alternative drug delivery system for the treatment of cancer, with the added advantage of sparing healthy surrounding cells and tissue.
The decline in the concentration of citations, 1900-2007

This paper challenges recent research (Evans, 2008) reporting that the concentration of cited scientific literature increases with the online availability of articles and journals. Using Thomson Reuters' Web of Science, the present paper analyses changes in the concentration of citations received (two- and five-year citation windows) by papers published between 1900 and 2005. Three measures of concentration are used: the percentage of papers that received at least one citation (cited papers); the percentage of papers needed to account for 20, 50 and 80 percent of the citations; and, the Herfindahl-Hirschman index. These measures are used for four broad disciplines: natural sciences and engineering, medical fields, social sciences, and the humanities. All these measures converge and show that, contrary to what was reported by Evans, the dispersion of citations is actually increasing.
E-Band Plate-Laminated Waveguide Filters and Their Integration Into a Corporate-Feed Slot Array Antenna With Diffusion Bonding Technology

This paper demonstrates plate-laminated waveguide filters in diffusion bonding technology for the first time and shows their uses in the integration with a corporate-feed slot array antenna for E-band ultrahigh capacity point-to-point communications. First, a single-cavity resonator model is studied and the measured high unloaded quality of 2121 at 79.07 GHz indicates its potential in the design of low-loss filters. Consequently, a sixth-order T-shaped cavity bandpass filter that comprises of ten cavity resonators is developed. It exhibits insertion losses of 3.4 and 3.3 dB at 78.5 GHz at two output ports, a 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 20.5%, as well as a small in-band amplitude/phase difference. Then, a fourth-order bandstop filter based on a band-rejection element is presented. It provides a high rejection level of 55 dB at 78.5 GHz and insertion losses of 0.44 and 0.28 dB at 73.5 and 83.5 GHz. The architectures of the proposed filters show attractive compatibility properties for integration. Finally, the proposed filters are fully integrated into a corporate-feed circuit of a 16 × 16-element slot array antenna without an interconnection circuit. With the seamless integration, the proposed building blocks demonstrate well-preserved high efficiency (only a low loss is introduced by the filters) and unchanged radiation characteristic (low sidelobe level, low cross polarization, and high directivity) in the designed passband, as well as specified bandstop performance.