Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Inter-Vehicle Communication

As a component of the intelligent transportation system (ITS) and one of the concrete applications of mobile ad hoc networks, inter-vehicle communication (IVC) has attracted research attention from both the academia and industry of, notably, US, EU, and Japan. The most important feature of IVC is its ability to extend the horizon of drivers and on-board devices (e.g., radar or sensors) and, thus, to improve road traffic safety and efficiency. This paper surveys IVC with respect to key enabling technologies ranging from physical radio frequency to group communication primitives and security issues. The mobility models used to evaluate the feasibility of these technologies are also briefly described. We focus on the discussion of various MAC protocols that seem to be indispensable components in the network protocol stack of IVC. By analyzing the application requirements and the protocols built upon the MAC layer to meet these requirements, we also advocate our perspective that ad hoc routing protocols and group communication primitives migrated from wired networks might not be an efficient way to support the envisioned applications, and that new coordination algorithms directly based on MAC could be designed for this purpose.
The Differential Effects of Reward on Space- and Object-Based Attentional Allocation

Estimating reward contingencies and allocating attentional resources to a subset of relevant information are the most important contributors to increasing adaptability of an organism. Although recent evidence suggests that reward- and attention-based guidance recruits overlapping cortical regions and has similar effects on sensory responses, the exact nature of the relationship between the two remains elusive. Here, using event-related fMRI on human participants, we contrasted the effects of reward on space- and object-based selection in the same experimental setting. Reward was either distributed randomly or biased a particular object. Behavioral and neuroimaging results show that space- and object-based attention is influenced by reward differentially. Space-based attentional allocation is mandatory, integrating reward information over time, whereas object-based attentional allocation is a default setting that is completely replaced by the reward signal. Nonadditivity of the effects of reward and object-based attention was observed consistently at multiple levels of analysis in early visual areas as well as in control regions. These results provide strong evidence that space- and object-based allocation are two independent attentional mechanisms, and suggest that reward serves to constrain attentional selection.
POPULATION STRUCTURE IN ARABIDOPSIS LYRATA: EVIDENCE FOR DIVERGENT SELECTION ON TRICHOME PRODUCTION

Abstract Leaf trichomes may serve several biological functions including protection against herbivores, drought, and UV radiation; and their adaptive value can be expected to vary among environments. The perennial, self-incompatible herb Arabidopsis lyrata is polymorphic for trichome production, and occurs in a glabrous and a trichome-producing form. Controlled crosses indicate that the polymorphism is governed by a single gene, with trichome production being dominant. We examined the hypothesis that trichome production is subject to divergent selection (i.e., directional selection favoring different phenotypes in different populations) by comparing patterns of variation at the locus coding for glabrousness and at eight putatively neutral isozyme loci in Swedish populations of A. lyrata. The genetic diversity (He) and allele number at isozyme loci tended to increase with population size and decreased with latitude of origin, whereas genetic diversity at the locus coding for glabrousness did not vary with population size and increased with latitude of origin. The degree of genetic differentiation at the glabrousness locus was much higher than that at isozyme loci. Genetic identity at isozyme loci was negatively related to geographic distance, suggesting isolation by distance. In contrast, there was no significant correlation between genetic identity at the glabrousness locus and at isozyme loci. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that divergent selection contributes to population differentiation in trichome production in A. lyrata.
Meeting the commander-in-waiting: Undecided voters and the 2016 vice-presidential debate

ABSTRACT The vast majority of published communication scholarship regarding political campaign debates focuses on the actions of the presidential candidates. Considerably less research, by comparison, has contributed to our understanding of the role of vice-presidential candidates. Experimental research has revealed that exposure to presidential debates can influence viewers’ political information efficacy, cynicism, polarization, and feeling thermometer evaluations of the candidates, but very little research examines the why behind these shifts. Based on a focus group of undecided voters who watched the 2016 vice-presidential debate, this study presents exploratory analysis of how a vice-presidential debate influences the political attitudes and behaviors of uncommitted voters. We first review prior research on the vice-presidential candidate's rhetorical role in the campaign as well as research on the impact of vice-presidential debates, followed by a description of our study's methodology, and conclude with an extended analysis of the 2016 vice-presidential debate arguments and how undecided voters responded.
Temporal representation for scientific data provenance

Provenance of digital scientific data is an important piece of the metadata of a data object. It can however grow voluminous quickly because the granularity level of capture can be high. It can also be quite feature rich. We propose a representation of the provenance data based on logical time that reduces the feature space. Creating time and frequency domain representations of the provenance, we apply clustering, classification and association rule mining to the abstract representations to determine the usefulness of the temporal representation. We evaluate the temporal representation using an existing 10 GB database of provenance captured from a range of scientific workflows.
Wrist Pulse Rate Monitor Using Self-Injection-Locked Radar Technology

To achieve sensitivity, comfort, and durability in vital sign monitoring, this study explores the use of radar technologies in wearable devices. The study first detected the respiratory rates and heart rates of a subject at a one-meter distance using a self-injection-locked (SIL) radar and a conventional continuous-wave (CW) radar to compare the sensitivity versus power consumption between the two radars. Then, a pulse rate monitor was constructed based on a bistatic SIL radar architecture. This monitor uses an active antenna that is composed of a SIL oscillator (SILO) and a patch antenna. When attached to a band worn on the subject’s wrist, the active antenna can monitor the pulse on the subject’s wrist by modulating the SILO with the associated Doppler signal. Subsequently, the SILO’s output signal is received and demodulated by a remote frequency discriminator to obtain the pulse rate information.
MPSoCSim: An extended OVP simulator for modeling and evaluation of Network-on-Chip based heterogeneous MPSoCs

In this paper a SystemC simulator for Network-on-Chip (NoC) based Multiprocessor Systems-on-Chip (MPSoCs) is presented. The simulator currently supports mesh topology with wormhole switching and several routing algorithms such as XY-, a minimal West-First and an adaptive West-First algorithm. The impact of routing algorithms regarding performance can be analyzed by means of the presented simulator. In order to simulate a heterogeneous MPSoC, ARM processors and MicroBlazes can be attached to the NoC. Processor and peripheral models used within the test platforms are provided by Imperas/OVP. Moreover, traffic generators are available to analyze the system. An additional SystemC component enables the readout of simulation time from within the application. For evaluation of the simulator multiple platforms and applications were put under test and compared with a hardware implementation. The comparison shows that the simulator improves the development of MPSoCs by early estimation of system requirements.
Causes and Consequences of Selective Exposure Among Political Blog Readers: The Role of Hostile Media Perception in Motivated Media Use and Expressive Participation

ABSTRACT Concerns about selective exposure to partisan information have become a mainstay for scholars of political communication in the changing media environment. This study draws on a survey of a unique population—readers of political blogs—to explore the relationship between perceptions of mainstream media bias (as hostile media perception) and selective exposure to media sources that provide like-minded information as well as social support. We find that hostile media perception is an important motivator for partisan selective exposure among this audience, and also that such perceptions can lead indirectly to expressive political participation by encouraging visits to politically homogeneous online spaces.
Improvement of cerebral hypometabolism after resection of radiation-induced necrotic lesion in a patient with cerebral arteriovenous malformation

A 55-year-old woman underwent radiosurgery for a left cerebral hemisphere arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and developed radiation-induced necrosis causing a massive edema in the surrounding brain tissues. Despite various therapies, the edema expanded to the ipsilateral hemisphere and induced neurological symptoms. The radiation-induced necrotic lesion was surgically removed 4 years after radiosurgery. While the preoperative FDG PET revealed severe hypometabolism in the left cerebrum, the necrotomy significantly ameliorated the brain edema, glucose metabolism (postoperative FDG PET), and symptoms. This case indicates that radiation necrosis-induced neurological deficits may be associated with brain edema and hypometabolism, which could be reversed by appropriate necrotomy.
Cannabinoid Receptor 1 in the Vagus Nerve Is Dispensable for Body Weight Homeostasis But Required for Normal Gastrointestinal Motility

The cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) is required for body weight homeostasis and normal gastrointestinal motility. However, the specific cell types expressing CB1R that regulate these physiological functions are unknown. CB1R is widely expressed, including in neurons of the parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system. The vagus nerve has been implicated in the regulation of several aspects of metabolism and energy balance (e.g., food intake and glucose balance), and gastrointestinal functions including motility. To directly test the relevance of CB1R in neurons of the vagus nerve on metabolic homeostasis and gastrointestinal motility, we generated and characterized mice lacking CB1R in afferent and efferent branches of the vagus nerve (Cnr1flox/flox; Phox2b–Cre mice). On a chow or on a high-fat diet, Cnr1flox/flox; Phox2b–Cre mice have similar body weight, food intake, energy expenditure, and glycemia compared with Cnr1flox/flox control mice. Also, fasting-induced hyperphagia and after acute or chronic pharmacological treatment with SR141716 [N-piperidino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-3-pyrazole carboxamide] (CB1R inverse agonist) paradigms, mutants display normal body weight and food intake. Interestingly, Cnr1flox/flox; Phox2b–Cre mice have increased gastrointestinal motility compared with controls. These results unveil CB1R in the vagus nerve as a key component underlying normal gastrointestinal motility.
Corporate Governance within Financial Institutions: Asset or Liability?

Solid corporate governance of the financial institutions is of a vital concern not only to the institutions themselves but also for the entire financial system. After four years of financial turbulences, the issue of corporate governance is more important than never especially for financial institutions who take on a significant role in the process of financial intermediation as they are considered to be important players in the financial system, especially in the Euro Area. The main purpose of this paper is to set out a framework for analyzing and thinking about the core meaning, the advantages and the direction of specific practices regarding corporate governance in a company in general, and specifically in financial institutions.
Employee Commitment: The Role of Organizational Socialization and Protean Career Orientation

The current study examines the impact of organizational socialization on employee commitment of executive employees in banking sector of Sri Lanka and the moderating role of protean career orientation. It is hypothesized based on affect theory of social exchange and social exchange theory that organizational socialization has a positive impact on employee’s affective, continuance and normative commitment forms. Further, it is suggested that these three direct relationships are moderated by the protean career orientation of the banking employees based on self-determination theory. These relationships are tested using data collected from a sample of 209 executive employees in the banking industry of Sri Lanka. Data were collected using questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS and AMOS. Results showed that there is a positive effect of organizational socialization on the three forms of commitment while no moderator effect of protean career orientation was identified on these direct relationships.
Sensory integration through the scope of body ownership

Sensory integration is the process by which the brain combines distinct sensory modalities, such that the merged information can be efficiently used to interact with the environment. Body ownership is an example of a subjective experience that emerges through sensory integration. The mechanisms of sensory integration are not yet fully understood. By employing illusions such as the body ownership illusion, where a person falsely perceives an artificial limb as part of their body, brain processes governing sensory integration can be investigated. In this PhD project, a virtual reality platform capable of eliciting a body ownership illusion via accurately timed visuo-tactile stimulation was developed, and used as a tool for studying sensory integration. A threat perception experiment, and an experiment inducing visuo-tactile stimulation with temporal delay were conducted using this platform. Biophysical and behavioural results from this study showed that threat perception and body ownership are not necessarily correlated, but can be viewed as parallel processes within the context of embodiment, and can be observed in distinct neural correlates of brain activity. Based on the results from these studies, it is proposed that the experience of body ownership is not an all-or-nothing, binary experience, but instead, can be considered as a graded experience and having multiple levels.
Recognition capacity versus search speed in noisy databases

The tradeoff between the number of distinguishable objects and search speed in a data management system is investigated in an information-theoretic framework. In the discussed scenario, incoming high-dimensional (and noisy) data vectors are enrolled in (possibly multiple) clusters to be accessed later. Upon receiving a random query, which is the noisy version of an enrolled vector, the search engine retrieves only a subset of the clusters to compare against the query. This creates tension between the search speed (determined by the expected number of retrieved entries) and recognition capacity (maximum possible number of entries that can be reliably recognized). A single-letter achievable rate region is characterized and it is shown with examples that search can be performed much faster in the discussed scenario than in non-clustered linear scan without compromising maximum recognition capacity.
Red Wine and Beer Elevate Blood Pressure in Normotensive Men

A positive relationship between alcohol consumption and blood pressure (BP) is well-established but the relative effect of specific alcoholic beverages is controversial. This study aimed to determine whether red wine may improve vascular function and have less of an impact on blood pressure because of its high content of antioxidant vasodilator polyphenolic compounds. Healthy normotensive men entered a 4-period crossover study comparing in random order 4 weeks of control–abstinence with similar periods of daily consumption of red wine (375 mL; 39 grams alcohol), de-alcoholized red wine (375 mL), or beer (1125 mL; 41 grams alcohol). Ambulatory systolic BP and diastolic BP and heart rate (HR) were measured together with vascular function as assessed by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and glyceryl trinitrate-mediated (GTNMD) dilatation of the brachial artery. The systolic and diastolic BP and HR were not different between control–abstinence and de-alcoholized red wine. However, compared with control–abstinence, both red wine and beer increased awake systolic BP (2.9 and 1.9 mm Hg, respectively; P<0.05) and asleep HR (5.0 and 4.4 bpm; P<0.05). There were no specific effects of red wine, de-alcoholized red wine, or beer on FMD or GTNMD. Daily consumption of ≈40 grams alcohol as either red wine or beer for 4 weeks results in similar increases in systolic BP and HR. De-alcoholized red wine did not lower BP, and neither red wine nor de-alcoholized red wine influenced vascular function, suggesting that red wine polyphenolics do not have a significant role in mitigating the blood pressure-elevating effects of alcohol in men.
Bridging the gap: agrarian roots of economic divergence in Eurasia up to the late middle ages

Recently there is a revived interest in national accounts for pre-industrial cultures, especially in the late-medieval period. There is one conclusion that can already be drawn from this new stream of research: per capita income turns out to have been higher than what had been assumed before. This revision of income estimates for the late medieval Eurasia has serious implications for research on ancient economies as well. Either the income estimates for the ancient world had to be updated and modified upwards, or, if the present numbers still turn out to be correct, we have to face the inevitable conclusion that, however unlikely it is, significant economic growth must have occurred during the early middle ages. Based on recent research on the field, however, we can safely argue that it is the estimates that need to be revised rather than it is a pre-industrial economic revolution that has to be invented. In this paper our main objective is to give a review of the present state of the issue. We compare a set of recent estimates of medieval and ancient income levels and find that until about the 11th century, ancient economies had remarkably similar per capita income paired with strong similarities in terms of economic structure, more specifically a dominant position of agriculture. It is therefore hardly surprising that agricultural development was an important indicator of per capita income in those economies and agricultural crises played an important role in the fluctuations of per capita income. In the period of our research two crises stand out, i.e. in the 6th century (the Justinian plague) and the economic crisis of the 11th century. However, whereas all countries seem to have suffered to a more or less similar degree in the 6th century without experiencing permanent deviations in terms of the level of per capita income, this homogeneity seems to have changed in the 11th century. In the latter period, the economies of Northwestern Europe increased their per capita income growth, while the Middle East and Eastern Asia began to decline or at best remained stable, which, according to many present studies, seems to be the start of the Great Divergence. Two factors may have contributed to this agricultural divergence in the 11 th as compared to the 6 th century. First, a relatively low wage to land rent ratio in China and the Middle East. This was already in existence …
Does Religion Matter for Earnings Management?

This paper explores the nexus between earnings management and religiosity. It complements prior research on the impact of religious social norms of the firm’s environment on earnings management practices. Using a sample of 11,105 U.S. firm-year observations between 2004 and 2013, we find that religiosity is negatively associated with the accruals-based method, but positively related to both real-activities and classification shifting. This suggests that religiosity could serve as a correction mechanism to accruals earnings management practices. However, managers in highly religious areas consider real- activities and classification shifting as ethically and morally appropriate. In addition, we interact religiosity measures with governance variables to provide evidence of the importance of religion in relation to board characteristics. As part of robustness analysis we examine the impact of religion in high and low religious areas, as well as in urban and rural areas. Our findings remain robust and argue in favour of the importance of religious social norms in earnings management.
2 1 4 D ec 2 00 3 On Quantum Statistical Inference

Interest in problems of statistical inference connected to measurements of quantum systems has recently increased substantially, in step with dramatic new developments in experimental techniques for studying small quantum systems. Furthermore, theoretical developments in the theory of quantum measurements have brought the basic mathematical framework for the probability calculations much closer to that of classical probability theory. The present paper reviews this field and proposes and interrelates a number of new concepts for an extension of classical statistical inference to the quantum context. (An earlier version of the paper containing material on further topics is available as quant-ph/0307189). ∗MaPhySto is the Centre for Mathematical Physics and Stochastics, funded by the Danish National Research Foundation, University of Aarhus, Denmark.
A unified framework for the functional organization of the medial temporal lobes and the phenomenology of episodic memory

There is currently an intense debate about the nature of recognition memory and about the roles of medial temporal lobe subregions in recognition memory processes. At a larger level, this debate has been about whether it is appropriate to propose unified theories to explain memory at neural, functional, and phenomenological levels of analysis. Here, I review findings from physiology, functional imaging, and lesion studies in humans, monkeys, and rodents relevant to the roles of medial temporal lobe subregions in recognition memory, as well as in short‐term memory and perception. The results from these studies are consistent with the idea that there is functional heterogeneity in the medial temporal lobes, although the differences among medial temporal lobe subregions do not precisely correspond to different types of memory tasks, cognitive processes, or states of awareness. Instead, the evidence is consistent with the idea that medial temporal lobe subregions differ in terms of the kind of information they process and represent, and that these regions collectively support episodic memory by binding item and context information. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.