Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of liminality in residential activity camps

Residential activity camps have been widely studied for their positive outcomes providing a broad multi-disciplinary analysis of the effects of camps in a range of contexts. However, there has been limited exploration of these camp experiences from the perspective of tourism studies. This article addresses this omission by exploring the potential offered by the concept of ‘liminality’ to explain the ways in which camps produce positive experiences for participants. This article discusses the idea of the camp environment as a liminal zone relating touristic aspects of the experience (such as being away from the familiar and placed into contact situations with a new social group) to the achievement of successful outcomes. The context for the investigation was residential camps organised by the Youth Hostel Association (England and Wales) and funded by a UK government pilot programme, which aimed to overcome issues of community cohesion within urban neighbourhoods in England, thus a form of ‘social tourism’. This article contributes to the understanding of the role played by novel environments in creating a context for liminal tourist experiences and outcomes for positive social interventions.
Conceptions of Spirituality among the Dutch Population

This article explores the conceptions of spirituality in a large and representative sample (N=2313) of the general population in the Netherlands. Spirituality is described mostly in cognitive terms (54%), especially in the form of general references to a transcendent reality (e.g. ‘more between heaven and earth’). Experiential expressions are used in more than a quarter of the descriptions. Important patterns in the descriptions are: spirituality as the transcendent God, spirituality as inwardness, and spirituality as mental health. In the sample, 21% distance themselves from spirituality; among people with a secular outlook this percentage is 35%. We paid special attention to differences in conceptions of spirituality between people inside and outside institutional religious contexts and between people who self-identify as ‘spiritual’ and those who do not.
The practice of chiropractic in South Dakota: a survey of chiropractors.

OBJECTIVE To identify the professional and demographic characteristics of the chiropractors in South Dakota. DESIGN Mail survey that covered four major areas: 1) demographics of the chiropractors, 2) population served, 3) factors influencing the economic aspects of the practice, and 4) practice characteristics. A reminder was sent 1 month following the first mailing. SETTING The state of South Dakota. SUBJECTS The questionnaire was mailed to all licensed chiropractors in South Dakota (n = 157). RESULTS The response rate was 68%. Chiropractors responding to the survey were mostly (96%) males and the average age was 41.4 yr with an estimated average of 15 yr of experience. The chiropractors surveyed spent just less than 40 hr/wk at work averaging 128 patient visits with the majority (47%) complaining of low back pain. Data regarding income, the sources of payment, type of community of practice, and the diagnostic as well as treatment techniques were also analyzed. Further analysis was also done to compare rural to urban areas. CONCLUSION Rural communities have fewer chiropractors than nonrural areas. Future research needs to be directed toward rural area chiropractic care delivery, with special emphasis on factors influencing recruitment and retention of chiropractors in rural areas. The study also showed a need for more involvement with the younger patient groups (18 yr and under). Health services researchers and chiropractic colleges each has an important role in the advancement of pediatric and adolescent health care.
Sealing capacity of a photochromatic flowable composite as protective base in nonvital dental bleaching.

AIM To evaluate microleakage of a flowable composite used as a protective isolating base, applied with different adhesive systems. METHODOLOGY Seventy root-filled teeth were divided into seven groups. A flowable composite base (Tetric Flow Chroma) was used with three adhesive techniques (Syntac, Excite, Excite DCS; in the three cases with and without acid etching) and in a control group without dentine conditioning or adhesive placement. A 30% hydrogen peroxide solution was applied for 24 h in the pulp chambers, followed by the placement of a dye (silver nitrate) for 4 h. Each tooth was sectioned longitudinally, and examined under 4x magnification to assess the tooth/restoration dye leakage following a four-degree scale. Percentage of dye penetration was registered. Statistical analysis was made through the Tukey and Mann-Whitney U-tests. RESULTS Maximum leakage (100% of specimens) was recorded in the control group without an adhesive system. In the groups subjected to acid etching, the percentage of leakage corresponded to Excite DSC (10%), followed by Syntac (20%) and Excite (30%). In the groups in which only an adhesive system was used, 50% of the teeth demonstrated dye leakage. Statistically significant differences in terms of leakage were observed between the control group and the experimental groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences among the experimental groups, but comparing the leakage percentages obtained between the groups in which the teeth were subjected to prior acid etching, and those in which no etching was carried out, observed differences were significant (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS There were no significant differences between the adhesive systems in terms of leakage. Acid etching significantly reduced leakage.
Perception and Iconic Memory: What Sperling Doesn't Show

Philosophers have lately seized upon Sperling's partial report technique and subsequent work on iconic memory in support of controversial claims about perceptual experience, in particular that phenomenology overflows cognitive access. Drawing on mounting evidence concerning postdictive perception, I offer an interpretation of Sperling's data in terms of cue-sensitive experience which fails to support any such claims. Arguments for overflow based on change-detection paradigms (e.g. Landman et al., 2003; Sligte et al., 2008) cannot be blocked in this way. However, such paradigms are fundamentally different from Sperling's and, for rather different reasons, equally fail to establish controversial claims about perceptual experience.
DiPIT: A Distributed Bloom-Filter Based PIT Table for CCN Nodes

Content-Centric Network is a novel Internet design that investigates the shifting of the Internet usage from browsing to content dissemination. This new Internet architecture proposal can bring many benefits and it has attracted many research works. When we study on these research, we found that one of the important components, the Pending Interest Table (PIT), did not get much attention. Since that in CCN the networking behaviours are no longer based on endpoints location but rather on every piece of the content itself, and the PIT is involved in both the forwarding processes upstream and downstream, in case of large amount of requests, the table size is a big issue, that leads to a large required memory space for implementing such a CCN node. In this paper, we propose a distributed PIT table, named DiPIT, where a part of the PIT is on every interface. Our approach relies on Bloom Filters in order to reduce the necessary memory space for implementing the PIT, completed with a central Bloom Filter for limiting the false positives, generated by the individual Bloom Filters. The evaluations we have performed highlight that our DiPIT approach can significantly reduce the memory space (up to 63%) in the CCN node and support a higher incoming packet throughput, compared to the hash table technology, which is largely implemented in current routers.
Chronic myeloid leukemia: Second‐line drugs of choice

The efficacy of second‐line treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) plays an important role in allowing CML patients to enjoy a normal life expectancy. Four tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are presently available: bosutinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, ponatinib. Each one has different safety and activity profiles, which are reviewed here. No controlled studies are available to guide treatment decision, which must be based on the characterization of leukemic cells, especially in cases of resistance to TKI, coupled with the safety profile of each TKI. Patient comorbidities also play an important role in the treatment decision, which can achieve a new durable response in over 50% of treated patients. Am. J. Hematol. 91:67–75, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Personal characteristics as moderators of the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty—an empirical analysis

Previous empirical research on the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty has largely neglected the issue of moderator variables. In a consumer-durables context the authors analyze the moderating effect of selected personal characteristics on the satisfaction–loyalty link. The empirical findings, which are based on multiple-group causal analysis, show that the strength of the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty is strongly influenced by characteristics of the customer. Specifically, variety seeking, age, and income are found to be important moderators of the satisfaction–loyalty relationship. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Exploring South African high school teachers’ conceptions of the nature of scientific inquiry: a case study

The paper explores conceptions of the nature of scientific inquiry (NOSI) held by five teachers who were purposively and conveniently sampled. Teachers’ conceptions of the NOSI were determined using a Probes questionnaire. To confirm teachers’ responses, a semi-structured interview was conducted with each teacher. The Probes questionnaire was based on six tenets of the nature of scientific inquiry but only three tenets are presented in this paper, namely: (1) scientists use a variety of methods to conduct scientific investigations; (2) scientific knowledge is socially and culturally embedded; and (3) scientific knowledge is partly the product of human creativity and imagination. The study found that the teachers held mixed NOSI conceptions. These conceptions were fluid and lacked coherence, ranging from static, empiricist-aligned to dynamic, constructivist-oriented conceptions. Although all participants expressed some views that were consistent with current, acceptable conceptions of NOSI, some held inadequate (naive) views on the crucial three NOSI tenets. The significance of this study rests in recommending explicit teaching of NOSI during pre-service and in-service training which enables teachers to possess informed conceptions about NOSI. With these informed conceptions, teachers may internalise the instructional importance of the NOSI which, in turn, may help avoid the lack of attention to NOSI currently evidenced in teachers’ instructional decisions. This might result in teachers’ orientations shifting towards an explicit inquiry-based approach from that of an implicit science process and discovery approach.
The Staphylococcus aureus RNome and Its Commitment to Virulence

Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen causing a wide spectrum of nosocomial and community-associated infections with high morbidity and mortality. S. aureus generates a large number of virulence factors whose timing and expression levels are precisely tuned by regulatory proteins and RNAs. The aptitude of bacteria to use RNAs to rapidly modify gene expression, including virulence factors in response to stress or environmental changes, and to survive in a host is an evolving concept. Here, we focus on the recently inventoried S. aureus regulatory RNAs, with emphasis on those with identified functions, two of which are directly involved in pathogenicity.
Gypsy Travellers and Education: Changing Needs and Changing Perceptions

ABSTRACT: This article explores Gypsy Travellers’ changing views on their children's education. It highlights the positive means some schools use to encourage greater involvement of Gypsy Traveller parents. It argues that current educational policy needs to be re-developed to incorporate more effective and affirmative responses to interrupted and nomadic learning. It draws heavily on interviews with Gypsy Traveller families in an effort to give ‘voice’ to an under-represented community.
Why Do So Many Calves Die on Modern Dairy Farms and What Can We Do about Calf Welfare in the Future?

Simple Summary High calf loss rates are an international welfare problem though this is often not recognised. These loss rates have increased in recent years. Improvement in calf survival rates is dependent upon re-prioritization of this problem relative to other animal health and welfare issues and creation of awareness of this prioritization. Once the problem is recognised action needs to be taken at national and at farm levels, specifically on problem farms. Data recording, research, breeding, veterinary, extension and farmer organisations all have a role to play in improving bovine neonatal survival and hence improving animal welfare in the future. Abstract Poor bovine neonatal survival rates are an international animal welfare issue. The key modifiable risk factors associated with such loss are age at first calving in primiparae, calf breed, gender and gestation length and calving management. The primary causes of mortality in the perinatal period are calving problems, in particular dystocia, defined as both difficult and abnormal calvings. Calf loss rates are rising on modern dairy farms in many countries internationally. High calf loss rates are often not recognised at national or at farm-level; recording needs to be improved. Improving bovine neonatal survival requires re-prioritization of this issue. Stakeholders need to be made cognisant of this prioritization. Actions to effect change need to occur at both national and farm-levels. National-level actions need firstly to address raising awareness of the issue. Farm-level actions need to focus on identifiable problem farms through targeted surveillance. Application of existing knowledge to alter modifiable risk factors is the key to improving calf welfare in the future. Research also has a role to play in filling knowledge gaps in particular about the ‘unexplained stillbirth’.
Increasing the Intensity of Intervention in Kindergarten and First Grade

In this study, a team of university and school personnel applied layers of intervention across 2 years to students who fell below their class averages in reading skills at various measurement cycles across kindergarten and first grade. Their goal was to reduce the proportion of children who make minimal reading progress and to explore interventions for very hard-to-teach children, particularly that group variously labeled nonresponders or treatment resisters. Studies supported by the National Institutes of Health suggested more intense intervention; however, this was precluded by limited funds. Schools used available resources to intensify instruction for children struggling to acquire basic literacy. Although reading failure rates declined among students who received additional instruction, the interventions did not significantly decrease the proportion of children identified for special education.
Latent Semantic Analysis based Language Models for Meetings

Language models that combine N -gram models with Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) based models have been successfully applied for conversational speech recognition [3] and for the Wall Street Journal recognition task [1]. LSA defines a semantic similarity space using a training corpus. This semantic similarity can be used for dealing with long distance dependencies, which are an inherent problem for traditional word-based N -gram models. Since LSA models adapt dynamically to topics, and meetings have clear topics, we think that these models can improve speech recognition accuracy on meetings. This poster presents first perplexity results for our experiments on using LSA models in combination with N -gram models for language modeling for meetings.
Effects of Parental Involvement on Achievement for Students Who Attend School in Rural America.

The purpose ofthis study was to compare the levels and effects onachievement ofparental involvementfor students in rural versus urban and suburban schools. Latent variablestructural equation modeling was used to determine the effects of rural versus urban orsuburban residence on parental involvement and change in achievementfrom eighth to tenth grade, and tocompare the relative effects ofparental involvement on achievement in rural versus nonrural schools. The results suggest that rural schoolattendance does not affect either parental involvement or change in achievement, and that parental involvement has the same effects on theachievement ofstudents in rural schools as in urban or subur­ ban schools. The effect of parental involvement on achievement is small, but significant and important. Thefindings suggest that group programsand individual interventions designed to increase parental involvement, if successful, will be equally effective in increasing achievement in rural, urban, and suburban schools. Rural schools are responsible for the education of a significant portion of American school children. Forty-six percent of the school districts in the United States are con­ sidered rural (Office of Educational Research and Improve­ ment [OERIJ, 1994). These districts include 28% of the country's schools and serve 17% of America's school chil­ dren (OERI, 1994). Understanding and improving the de­ livery of services to this population will have important outcomes for these children, rural communities, and the nation at large. Serving the educational needs of children in rural America poses a unique challenge for educators. Rural schools have several distinct advantages; They often enjoy strong community support (Meehan & DeYoung, 1987) and more parental involvement than nonrural schools (Williams, 1978). They may offer flexible scheduling, provide more individualized instruction, have smaller class sizes, lower dropout rates, and safer school environments than their ur­ ban and suburban counterparts, and rural schools may ex­ pand curricular offerings via cooperative agreements with other school districts (cf. Helge, 1983; Stephens, 1988a). In contrast, a host of concerns plague rural schools: Rural schools typically lack the facilities, physical plants, course offerings, and educational programs of larger, more resource-rich districts. Nationwide school excellence and
Understanding first year university students: personal epistemology and learning

Whilst participation in higher education has increased dramatically over the last two decades, many universities are only now beginning to pay more attention to the learning experiences of first year students. It is important for universities to understand how first year students conceive of learning and knowing in order to promote effective approaches to learning. Even though an extensive body of research demonstrates that beliefs about learning and knowing influence student approaches to learning and learning outcomes, there has been no Australian research that has investigated this critical learner characteristic across first year university students. This paper reports on preliminary data from an ongoing longitudinal study designed to investigate first year students’ beliefs about knowing and learning (epistemological beliefs). Students from teacher education and creative industry faculties in two Australian universities completed the Epistemological Beliefs Survey (EBS) in the first week of their first semester of study. A series of one‐way ANOVA using key demographics as independent variables and the EBS factor scores as dependent variables showed that epistemological beliefs were related to the course of study, previous post‐school education experience, family experience at university, gender, and age. These data help us to understand students’ beliefs about learning and knowing with a view to informing effective learning in higher education.
Pseudopancreatitis in trauma patients.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to review the significance of intra- and peripancreatic fluid in trauma patients who have no other signs of pancreatic injury. CONCLUSION We propose that intra- and peripancreatic fluid may be the consequence of hypovolemic shock treated with hyperhydration when there is significant delay between injury and imaging.
Linguistic distance and initial reading acquisition: The case of Arabic diglossia

The study examined phonemic awareness and pseudoword decoding in kindergarten and first grade Arabic native children. Because native speakers of Arabic first learn to read in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), a language structurally distinct from the local form of the language they grow up speaking, it was hypothesized that the linguistic differences between the two varieties, the so-called diglossic variables, would interfere with the acquisition of basic reading processes in MSA. Two diglossic variables were examined: phoneme and word syllabic structure. The children's phoneme isolation and pseudoword decoding skills were tested. The results showed that both diglossic variables interfered with the children's performance of both tasks in both grades. The findings support the role of linguistic distance in the acquisition of basic reading processes in a diglossic context.
Second-order Quantile Methods for Experts and Combinatorial Games

We aim to design strategies for sequential decision making that adjust to the difficulty of the learning problem. We study this question both in the setting of prediction with expert advice, and for more general combinatorial decision tasks. We are not satisfied with just guaranteeing minimax regret rates, but we want our algorithms to perform significantly better on easy data. Two popular ways to formalize such adaptivity are second-order regret bounds and quantile bounds. The underlying notions of 'easy data', which may be paraphrased as "the learning problem has small variance" and "multiple decisions are useful", are synergetic. But even though there are sophisticated algorithms that exploit one of the two, no existing algorithm is able to adapt to both. In this paper we outline a new method for obtaining such adaptive algorithms, based on a potential function that aggregates a range of learning rates (which are essential tuning parameters). By choosing the right prior we construct efficient algorithms and show that they reap both benefits by proving the first bounds that are both second-order and incorporate quantiles.
Studies on Betaxanthin Profiles of Vegetables and Fruits from the Chenopodiaceae and Cactaceae

The present study provides an update on the betaxanthin (bx) compositions of red and yellow beetroots, yellow-coloured Swiss chard petioles, and yellow-orange cactus pear. Applying RP-HPLC coupled with positive ion electrospray mass spectrometry and by comparison with UV-vis and mass spectrometric characteristics as well as retention times of semisynthesized reference compounds, 24 betaxanthins were identified in red and yellow beetroot hypocotyls. Twenty-five and thirteen betaxanthins were present in yellow Swiss chard petioles and the cactus pear cultivar ‘Gialla’, respectively. Ethanolamine-bx and threonine-bx were found to be novel betaxanthins in Chenopodiaceae representatives, which to the best of our knowledge have not been reported as genuine pigments so far. Furthermore, aspartic acidbx (miraxanthin II), lysine-bx, and methionine-bx, hitherto found in other families, were identified in the Chenopodiaceae for the first time. Additionally, tyrosine-bx (portulacaxanthin II) and tryptophan-bx have not been earlier reported to occur in the Cactaceae. These findings provide valuable phytochemical information and may be useful for a better understanding of the functional properties of betaxanthins in plants.