Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Point-to-Point and Congestion Bandwidth Estimation: Experimental Evaluation on PlanetLab Data

In large scale Internet platforms, measuring the available bandwidth between nodes of the platform is difficult and costly. However, resource optimization for large-scale Internet applications (like broadcasting a message or organizing master/slave computations) requires to have predictions about the performance of the platform, and especially about available bandwidth. In this paper, we analyze the feasibility to provide estimations, based on a limited number of pairwise measurements, for the point-to-point available bandwidth values, and for the congestion which happens when several communications take place at the same time. We present a dataset containing both types of measurements performed on a set of nodes from the PlanetLab platform. We study two estimation methods, namely matrix factorization and the LastMile model. We show that matrix factorization techniques are quite efficient at predicting point-to-point available bandwidth, but are not adapted for congestion analysis. However, a LastMile modeling of the platform allows to perform congestion predictions with a reasonable level of accuracy, even with a small amount of information, despite the variability of the measured platform.
Population-Genetic Inference from Pooled-Sequencing Data

Although pooled-population sequencing has become a widely used approach for estimating allele frequencies, most work has proceeded in the absence of a proper statistical framework. We introduce a self-sufficient, closed-form, maximum-likelihood estimator for allele frequencies that accounts for errors associated with sequencing, and a likelihood-ratio test statistic that provides a simple means for evaluating the null hypothesis of monomorphism. Unbiased estimates of allele frequencies (where N is the number of individuals sampled) appear to be unachievable, and near-certain identification of a polymorphism requires a minor-allele frequency . A framework is provided for testing for significant differences in allele frequencies between populations, taking into account sampling at the levels of individuals within populations and sequences within pooled samples. Analyses that fail to account for the two tiers of sampling suffer from very large false-positive rates and can become increasingly misleading with increasing depths of sequence coverage. The power to detect significant allele-frequency differences between two populations is very limited unless both the number of sampled individuals and depth of sequencing coverage exceed 100.
The Effect of Group-Based Weight-Control Intervention on Adolescent Psychosocial Outcomes: Perceived Peer Rejection, Social Anxiety, and Self-Concept

This article examines the effectiveness of group-based weight-control treatment on adolescent social functioning. Eighty-nine adolescents, who were randomized to group-based cognitive behavioral treatment with aerobic exercise or peer-enhanced adventure therapy, completed measures of social functioning at baseline, end of treatment, and at a 12-month follow up. Results demonstrated significant reductions in adolescent perceptions of peer rejection and social anxiety over time, with no significant demonstrated group differences. Improvements in social functioning were related to increases in self-concept dimensions. Findings demonstrate benefits of group-based weight-control treatment for enhancing adolescent self-perceived social functioning across multiple domains.
A jump-preserving curve fitting procedure based on local piecewise-linear kernel estimation

It is known that the fitted regression function based on conventional local smoothing procedures is not statistically consistent at jump positions of the true regression function. In this article, a curve-fitting procedure based on local piecewise-linear kernel estimation is suggested. In a neighborhood of a given point, a piecewise-linear function with a possible jump at the given point is fitted by the weighted least squares procedure with the weights determined by a kernel function. The fitted value of the regression function at this point is then defined by one of the two estimators provided by the two fitted lines (the left and right lines) with the smaller value of the weighted residual sum of squares. It is proved that the fitted curve by this procedure is consistent in the entire design space. In other words, this procedure is jump-preserving. Several numerical examples are presented to evaluate its performance in small-to-moderate sample size cases.
The existence of Gabor bases and frames

For an arbitrary full rank lattice Λ in R and a function g ∈ L(R) the Gabor (or Weyl-Heisenberg) system is G(Λ, g) := {eg(x − κ) ̨ ̨ (κ, `) ∈ Λ}. It is well-known that a necessary condition for G(Λ, g) to be an orthonormal basis for L(R) is that the density of Λ has D(Λ) = 1. However, except for symplectic lattices it remains an unsolved question whether D(Λ) = 1 is sufficient for the existence of a g ∈ L(R) such that G(Λ, g) is an orthonormal basis. We investigate this problem and prove that this is true for some of the important cases. In particular we show that this is true for Λ = MZ where M is either a block triangular matrix or any rational matrix with | detM | = 1. Moreover, if M is rational we prove that there exists a compactly supported g such that G(Λ, g) is an orthonormal basis. We also obtain similar results for Gabor frames when D(Λ) ≥ 1.
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC A Sparse Approximate Inverse Preconditioner For The Conjugate Gradient Method

A method for computing a sparse incomplete factorization of the inverse of a symmetric positive de nite matrix A is developed and the resulting factorized sparse approximate inverse is used as an explicit preconditioner for conjugate gradient calculations It is proved that in exact arithmetic the preconditioner is well de ned if A is an H matrix The results of numerical experiments are presented
Cell bodies of the trigeminal proprioceptive neurons that transmit reflex contraction of the levator muscle are located in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus in rats

Abstract Since the levator and frontalis muscles lack interior muscle spindles despite being antigravity mixed muscles to involuntarily sustain eyelid opening and eyebrow lifting, this study has proposed a hypothetical mechanism to compensate for this anatomical defect. The voluntary contraction of fast-twitch fibres of the levator muscle stretches the mechanoreceptors in Müller's muscle to evoke proprioception, which continuously induces reflex contraction of slow-twitch fibres of the levator and frontalis muscles. This study confirmed the presence of cell bodies of the trigeminal proprioceptive neurons that transmit reflex contraction of the levator and frontalis muscles. After confirming that severing the trigeminal proprioceptive fibres that innervate the mechanoreceptors in Müller's muscle induced ipsilateral eyelid ptosis, Fluorogold was applied as a tracer to the proximal stump of the trigeminal proprioceptive nerve in rats. Fluorogold labelled the cell bodies of the trigeminal proprioceptive neurons, not in any regions of the rat brain including the trigeminal ganglion, but in the ipsilateral mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus neighbouring the locus ceruleus. Some Fluorogold particles accumulated in the area of the locus ceruleus. The trigeminal proprioceptive neurons could be considered centrally displaced ganglion cells to transmit afferent signal from the mechanoreceptors in Müller's muscle to the mesencephalon, where they may be able to make excitatory synaptic connections with both the oculomotor neurons and the frontalis muscle motoneurons for the involuntary coordination of the eyelid and eyebrow activities, and potentially to the locus ceruleus.
Increasing probability of mortality during Indian heat waves

An increase of 0.5°C in summer mean temperatures increases the probability of mass heat-related mortality in India by 146%. Rising global temperatures are causing increases in the frequency and severity of extreme climatic events, such as floods, droughts, and heat waves. We analyze changes in summer temperatures, the frequency, severity, and duration of heat waves, and heat-related mortality in India between 1960 and 2009 using data from the India Meteorological Department. Mean temperatures across India have risen by more than 0.5°C over this period, with statistically significant increases in heat waves. Using a novel probabilistic model, we further show that the increase in summer mean temperatures in India over this period corresponds to a 146% increase in the probability of heat-related mortality events of more than 100 people. In turn, our results suggest that future climate warming will lead to substantial increases in heat-related mortality, particularly in developing low-latitude countries, such as India, where heat waves will become more frequent and populations are especially vulnerable to these extreme temperatures. Our findings indicate that even moderate increases in mean temperatures may cause great increases in heat-related mortality and support the efforts of governments and international organizations to build up the resilience of these vulnerable regions to more severe heat waves.
A Taste of Words: Linguistic Context and Perceptual Simulation Predict the Modality of Words

Previous studies have shown that object properties are processed faster when they follow properties from the same perceptual modality than properties from different modalities. These findings suggest that language activates sensorimotor processes, which, according to those studies, can only be explained by a modal account of cognition. The current paper shows how a statistical linguistic approach of word co-occurrences can also reliably predict the category of perceptual modality a word belongs to (auditory, olfactory-gustatory, visual-haptic), even though the statistical linguistic approach is less precise than the modal approach (auditory, gustatory, haptic, olfactory, visual). Moreover, the statistical linguistic approach is compared with the modal embodied approach in an experiment in which participants verify properties that share or shift modalities. Response times suggest that fast responses can best be explained by the linguistic account, whereas slower responses can best be explained by the embodied account. These results provide further evidence for the theory that conceptual processing is both linguistic and embodied, whereby less precise linguistic processes precede precise simulation processes.
The QT and Corrected QT Interval in Recovery After Exercise in Children

Background— Prolongation of the QT interval after exercise can be used to help diagnose long-QT syndrome, especially when the resting QT interval is borderline. The aim of this study was to determine the normal ranges for QT and corrected QT in the recovery phase after exercise in children. Methods and Results— Ninety-four volunteer boys and girls aged 8 to <17 years without any history of heart disease underwent exercise testing and had a 12-lead ECG performed in the supine position for 10 minutes of recovery. The QT was measured using a standardized tangent method, with the baseline defined as the Q-Q line. The recovery QT was maximally short at 1 minute of recovery in 93 of 94 children then lengthened and stabilized at 4 to 5 minutes recovery. The recovery QT lengthens as heart rate decreases in an approximately linear fashion with a mean increase of 15 ms per 10-beat decrease in heart rate. The 98th percentiles for the corrected QT using the Bazett formula during minutes 4 to 6 in recovery were from 482 to 491 ms. There was excellent intraobserver and interobserver reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.95 and 0.88, respectively. Conclusions— There is substantial individual variability of the normal repolarization process in the postexercise recovery period in children. The study provides a reference for normal responses for similar populations using a specific measurement protocol that can be easily applied.
Prevalence of halitosis in children considering oral hygiene, gender and age.

BACKGROUND To date, few studies have addressed halitosis in the paediatric population. As such, the aim of the present study was to investigate symptoms, signs and risk factors associated with halitosis in healthy children and to present a model based on the clinical data that predicts the presence of halitosis. METHODS A total of 101 individuals were included. All patients received a questionnaire that queried on sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported halitosis and dental treatment history. Individuals received a thorough intra-oral examination, and the volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) were measured to test the presence of halitosis with a portable sulphide monitor (Halimeter(®); Interscan Co., Chatsworth, CA, USA). The distribution of the sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported halitosis, dental treatment history and other oral features was evaluated. Finally, a statistical model was constructed with the best set of features to predict halitosis in children. RESULTS The median age was 12.0 years (mean: 11.7 ± SD 2.7) with 54.5% males. Halitosis (VSC > 100 parts per billion, or ppb) was objectively measured in 37.6% of patients. For comparison purposes, Bayesian network was obtained using clinical and demographic data. The model consisted of four variables (sex, age, oral hygiene status and self-reported halitosis) directly related to the presence of halitosis (VSC > 100 ppb). This model achieved 76.4% area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC). Overall, female patients or individuals with dental plaque on more than 25% of the dental surfaces or patients older than 13 year old were more prone to present with halitosis. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that halitosis in the paediatric population is related to poor oral hygiene and may be more common in females and older individuals. This specific predictive model may be useful to identify subgroups to target for intervention to treat oral halitosis.
Formative measurement: a critical perspective

The past five years have witnessed a plethora of articles on the topic of formative measurement, both in the IS area and in other disciplines. This work can best be described as divergent and often contradictory. In this paper we review the issues surrounding formative measurement and attempt to delineate areas of agreement and to clarify points of disagreement regarding problems with formative measurement and proposed solutions. We provide six recommendations regarding the future use of formative measurement in IS research.
Seismic Landslides and the Environmental Impact in the Middle Reach of Daduhe River

There are 15 large-scaled rock landslides in the middle reach of Daduhe River in the western Sichuan. As they even dammed the Daduhe River for a long time, the dammed accumulation are well widely developed, relatively wide bottom valley have been formed in the reach. Now, there are about 80000 people lived in the valley of the reach, as the region is in high intensity (VIII-IX), the latest large earthquake (magnitude is 7.7)happened in 1876 and dammed the River, causing over ten thousand people die in the huge flood after the dam broke. As the construction velocity is faster than before, the hydropower station, highway, new village construction are put on the schedule, but people seem forgetting the historical earthquakes and seismic landside’s impact, hidden dangers may come at any time. The present paper tries to introduce the characteristics of the landslides and its environment impacts such as deep overburden, soft soil, sand liquefaction and landslide reactive. So as to call peoples’ attention for the environment during they are engaged in the large scale construction. Based on the RS interpretation and field comprehensive investigations, 15 large scaled rock landslides have been found in the reach, the volume of each is over 1000,000m3, although the remains are stable on the whole, the front part is potential unstable, if they are active triggered by the future earthquake or storm, they can dam the Daduhe River again and cause huge geo-hazards. Several ideas can be concluded as follows：(1)The reach is composed of Proterozoic acid intrusive rock and underwent several large tectonic movements, the rock mass is cut by structural planes formed in the different tectonic epoch; (2) The middle reach of Daduhe River is one part of SN strike tectonic belt in China, the main advantageous structural planes is SN strike, which is parallel to the flow direction of Daduhe River; (3) The reach is within a high intensity region with over VIII degrees, seismic landslides are well developed and they are easily reactive in the future, people confront with the deep overburden, soft soil, sand liquefaction; (4) the villages and town is generally located on the second Terrace and easily influenced by the seismic large slides, their vulnerability is high; (5) engineering measurements are necessary to protect the town villages and it is urgent to built disaster warning system.
Globus pallidus dopamine and Parkinson motor subtypes

Background: Patients with Parkinson disease (PD) may be akinetic/rigid, be tremor dominant, or have comparable severity of these motor symptoms (classic). The pathophysiologic basis of different PD phenotypes is unknown. This study assessed pallidal and striatal dopamine level patterns in different motor subgroups of PD and normal control brains. Methods: Globus pallidus and striatum dopamine (DA) levels were measured with high performance liquid chromatography in eight autopsy confirmed PD and five control frozen brains. Results: DA levels in the external globus pallidus (GPe) of normal brains were nearly six times greater than in the internal pallidum (GPi). In PD, the mean loss of DA was marked (−82%) in GPe and moderate (−51%) in GPi. DA loss of variable degree was seen in different subdivisions of GPe and GPi in PD; however, DA levels were near normal in the ventral (rostral and caudal) GPi of PD cases with prominent tremor. There was marked loss of DA (−89%) in the caudate and severe loss (−98.4%) in the putamen in PD. The pattern of pallidal DA loss did not match the putaminal DA loss. Conclusion: There is sufficient loss of dopamine (DA) in external globus pallidus and the internal globus pallidum (GPi) as may contribute to the motor manifestations of Parkinson disease (PD). The possible functional disequilibrium between GABAergic and DAergic influences in favor of DA in the caudoventral parts of the GPi may contribute to resting tremor in tremor dominant and classic PD cases. GLOSSARY: CN = caudate nucleus; DA = dopamine; GPe = external globus pallidus; GPi = internal globus pallidum; LB = Lewy body; MDCS = Movement Disorder Clinic in Saskatoon; PD = Parkinson disease; PUT = putamen; VTA = ventral tegmental area.
Transformation of T‐cell large granular lymphocyte leukaemia into a high‐grade large T‐cell lymphoma

We describe a case of T‐cell large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukaemia that transformed into a large‐cell T‐cell lymphoma 11 years from diagnosis. A 29‐year‐old asymptomatic female presented in 1989 with lymphocytosis, neutropenia and mild bone marrow infiltration. The circulating cells were LGL with a CD2+, CD3+, CD8+, CD4–, CD16+, CD56+, CD57– phenotype. In August 2000, she developed fever, a large submandibular mass and hepatosplenomegaly. Biochemistry showed abnormal liver function tests and raised lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. A serological screen for Epstein–Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, human T‐lymphotropic virus‐I, human herpes virus (HHV)‐6 and HHV‐7 was negative. Histology of the mass was consistent with the diagnosis of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma composed of large cells, and immunohistochemistry showed that the lymphoma cells had a phenotype identical to the mature LGL. Molecular analysis with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) demonstrated rearrangement of the T‐cell receptor (TCR) γ‐chain gene with a band of identical size in both bone marrow mature LGL and lymph node cells. The patient was treated with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and prednisolone), resulting in the disappearance of the mass and improvement of the hepatosplenomegaly, LDH and liver abnormalities. She underwent splenectomy, and spleen histology showed involvement by T‐cell LGL leukaemia with no evidence of transformation. This case illustrates that transformation or Richter syndrome may occur in a minority of patients with T‐cell LGL leukaemia, a disease that has a benign clinical course in most cases. This is the first case documented by molecular methods of the transformation of the pre‐existing clone.
Genetic Background Affects Human Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Promoter Activity

The human glial fibrillary acidic protein (hGFAP) promoter has been used to generate numerous transgenic mouse lines, which has facilitated the analysis of astrocyte function in health and disease. Here, we evaluated the expression levels of various hGFAP transgenes at different ages in the two most commonly used inbred mouse strains, FVB/N (FVB) and C57BL/6N (B6N). In general, transgenic mice maintained on the B6N background displayed weaker transgene expression compared with transgenic FVB mice. Higher level of transgene expression in B6N mice could be regained by crossbreeding to FVB wild type mice. However, the endogenous murine GFAP expression was equivalent in both strains. In addition, we found that endogenous GFAP expression was increased in transgenic mice in comparison to wild type mice. The activities of the hGFAP transgenes were not age-dependently regulated. Our data highlight the importance of proper expression analysis when non-homologous recombination transgenesis is used.
Effect of tree line advance on carbon storage in NW Alaska

[1] We investigated the size, distribution, and temporal dynamics of ecosystem carbon (C) pools in an area of recent tree line advance, northwest Alaska. Repeat aerial photographs show forest cover increased ∼10% in our study area since 1949. We sampled C pools of four principal ecosystem types, tussock tundra, shrub tundra, woodland, and forest, all located on a 600–800 year old river terrace. Significant differences between ecosystem C pools, both above ground and below ground existed. Tundra sites store >22.2 kg C/m2, shrub tundra sites and woodland sites store 9.7 kg C/m2 and 14.3 kg C/m2, respectively, and forest sites store 14.4 kg C/m2. Landscape variation of total ecosystem C was primarily due to organic soil C and was secondarily due to C stored in trees. Soil C/N profiles of shrub tundra sites and woodland sites showed similarities with forest site soils at surface and tundra site soils at depth. We hypothesize that tundra systems transformed to forest systems in this area under a progression of permafrost degradation and enhanced drainage. On the basis of C pool estimates for the different ecosystem types, conversion of tundra sites to forest may have resulted in a net loss of >7.8 kg C/m2, since aboveground C gains were more than offset by belowground C losses to decomposition in the tundra sites. Tree line advance therefore might not increase C storage in high-latitude ecosystems and thus might not, as previously suggested, act as a negative feedback to warming. Key to this hypothesis and to its projection to future climate response is the fate of soil carbon upon warming and permafrost drainage.