Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF TOWED BALLUTE INTERACTIONS

OF TOWED BALLUTE INTERACTIONSPeter A. Gnoffo * Brian P. Anderson;p.a. gnoffo @ larc.nasa, gov b.p.anderson @ larc.nasa. govNASA Langley Research Center GWU- JIAFSHampton, VA 23681-0001AbstractA ballute (balloon-parachute) is an inflatable, aerodynamic drag device for application toplanetary entry vehicles. Ballutes may be directly attached to a vehicle, increasing its cross-sectional area upon inflation, or towed behind the vehicle as a semi-independent device that canbe quickly cut free when the requisite change in velocity is achieved. The aerothermodynamicsof spherical and toroidal towed ballutes are considered in the present study. A limiting case ofzero towline length (clamped system) is also considered. A toroidal system can be designed(ignoring influence of the tethers) such that all flow processed by the bow shock of the towingspacecraft passes through the hole in the toroid. For a spherical ballute, towline length is acritical parameter that affects aeroheating on the ballute being towed through the spacecraftwake. In both cases, complex and often unsteady interactions ensue in which the spacecraft andits wake resemble an aero spike situated in front of the ballute. The strength of the interactionsdepends upon system geometry and Reynolds number. We show how interactions may envelopethe base of the towing spacecraft or impinge on the ballute surface with adverse consequences toits thermal protection system. Geometric constraints to minimize or eliminate such adverseinteractions are discussed. The towed, toroidal system and the clamped, spherical system showgreatest potential for a baseline design approach.DLM,11qwrRcRIReNomenclature
Rapamycin and Wortmannin Enhance Replication of a Defective Encephalomyocarditis Virus

ABSTRACT Inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3 kinase)–FKBP-rapamycin-associated protein (FRAP) pathway, such as rapamycin and wortmannin, induce dephosphorylation and activation of the suppressor of cap-dependent translation, 4E-BP1. Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infection leads to activation of 4E-BP1 at the time of host translation shutoff. Consistent with these data, rapamycin mildly enhances the synthesis of viral proteins and the shutoff of host cell protein synthesis after EMCV infection. In this study, two defective EMCV strains were generated by deleting portions of the 2A coding region of an infectious cDNA clone. These deletions dramatically decreased the efficiency of viral protein synthesis and abolished the virus-induced shutoff of host translation after infection of BHK-21 cells. Both translation and processing of the P1-2A capsid precursor polypeptide are impaired by the deletions in 2A. The translation and yield of mutant viruses were increased significantly by the presence of rapamycin and wortmannin during infection. Thus, inhibition of the PI3 kinase-FRAP signaling pathway partly complements mutations in 2A protein and reverses a slow-virus phenotype.
Loop Current Mixed Layer Energy Response to Hurricane Lili (2002). Part I: Observations

AbstractThe ocean mixed layer response to a tropical cyclone within and immediately adjacent to the Gulf of Mexico Loop Current is examined. In the first of a two-part study, a comprehensive set of temperature, salinity, and current profiles acquired from aircraft-deployed expendable probes is utilized to analyze the three-dimensional oceanic energy evolution in response to Hurricane Lili’s (2002) passage. Mixed layer temperature analyses show that the Loop Current cooled <1°C in response to the storm, in contrast to typically observed larger decreases of 3°–5°C. Correspondingly, vertical current shear associated with mixed layer currents, which is responsible for entrainment mixing of cooler water, was found to be up to 50% weaker, on average, than observed in previous studies within the directly forced region. The Loop Current, which separates the warmer, lighter Caribbean Subtropical Water from the cooler, heavier Gulf Common Water, was found to decrease in intensity by −0.18 ± 0.25 m s−1 over an appro.
Abi plays an opposing role to Abl in Drosophila axonogenesis and synaptogenesis

Abl tyrosine kinase (Abl) regulates axon guidance by modulating actin dynamics. Abelson interacting protein (Abi), originally identified as a kinase substrate of Abl, also plays a key role in actin dynamics, yet its role with respect to Abl in the developing nervous system remains unclear. Here we show that mutations in abi disrupt axonal patterning in the developing Drosophila central nervous system (CNS). However, reducing abi gene dosage by half substantially rescues Abl mutant phenotypes in pupal lethality, axonal guidance defects and locomotion deficits. Moreover, we show that mutations in Abl increase synaptic growth and spontaneous synaptic transmission frequency at the neuromuscular junction. Double heterozygosity for abi and enabled (ena) also suppresses the synaptic overgrowth phenotypes of Abl mutants, suggesting that Abi acts cooperatively with Ena to antagonize Abl function in synaptogenesis. Intriguingly, overexpressing Abi or Ena alone in cultured cells dramatically redistributed peripheral F-actin to the cytoplasm, with aggregates colocalizing with Abi and/or Ena, and resulted in a reduction in neurite extension. However, co-expressing Abl with Abi or Ena redistributed cytoplasmic F-actin back to the cell periphery and restored bipolar cell morphology. These data suggest that abi and Abl have an antagonistic interaction in Drosophila axonogenesis and synaptogenesis, which possibly occurs through the modulation of F-actin reorganization.
Spread spectrum and coding for multiple access communications

Discusses the use of spread-spectrum modulation and error correction coding for multiple access communications such as mobile communications. The emphasis is on the connection between, and interdependence of, these two techniques. This connection is illustrated through three examples. The authors consider frequency-hopped (FH) spread-spectrum multiple access communications employing M-ary modulation and error correction coding. A mismatch between, for example, Q-ary Reed-Solomon (RS) codes and M-ary modulation, which is most likely to occur in practice, can drastically reduce network capacity. As a remedy, a matched M-ary BCH code is shown to outperform an RS code with a comparable code rate and decoding complexity when the number of users in the system is large. Frequency hopping is a nonlinear multiple access system. For a linear multiple access system such as a cellular, direct-sequence, code division multiple access (CDMA) system, it is pointed out that the capacity is linearly inversely proportional to the signal-to-noise ratio (Eb/N0) required at the receiver to maintain a given error performance. Therefore the key to increasing the CDMA capacity is to increase the coding gain to reduce the required Eb/N0. The authors demonstrate a connection between spread spectrum and coding by considering the analysis of the multiple access interference in an FH system.
Improving System Integration: The Art and Science of Engaging Small Community Practices in Health System Innovation

This paper focuses on successful engagement strategies in recruiting and retaining primary care physicians (PCPs) in a quality improvement project, as perceived by family physicians in small practices. Sustained physician engagement is critical for quality improvement (QI) aiming to enhance health system integration. Although there is ample literature on engaging physicians in hospital or team-based practice, few reports describe factors influencing engagement of community-based providers practicing with limited administrative support. The PCPs we describe participated in SCOPE: Seamless Care Optimizing the Patient Experience, a QI project designed to support their care of complex patients and reduce both emergency department (ED) visits and inpatient admissions. SCOPE outcome measures will inform subsequent papers. All the 30 participating PCPs completed surveys assessing perceptions regarding the importance of specific engagement strategies. Project team acknowledgement that primary care is challenging and new access to patient resources were the most important factors in generating initial interest in SCOPE. The opportunity to improve patient care via integration with other providers was most important in their commitment to participate, and a positive experience with project personnel was most important in their continued engagement. Our experience suggests that such providers respond well to personalized, repeated, and targeted engagement strategies.
Characteristics of Literacy Instruction That Support Reform in Content Area Classrooms.

Current reforms in content area education present new challenges for literacy educators. These reforms promote engaging students in the practices of the disciplines—teaching students how to participate in an activity in which disciplinary content is produced. Content area literacy (CAL) instruction that supports only the learning of general academic or school literacies undermines these content area reforms and their focus on participation because it does not teach the literacies that students need to participate in the disciplines. In this article, the authors present an argument for why CAL instruction should focus on teaching disciplinary literacies instead of a general academic literacy. The authors show how CAL instruction focused on disciplinary literacies can support the educational goals of both literacy educators and content area reformers. The authors also contrast four corresponding characteristics of both types of CAL instruction and illustrate these with examples.
Intrusion detection using data mining techniques

As the network dramatically extended, security considered as major issue in networks. Internet attacks are increasing, and there have been various attack methods, consequently. Intrusion detection systems have been used along with the data mining techniques to detect intrusions. In this work we aim to use data mining techniques including classification tree and support vector machines for intrusion detection. As results indicate, C4.5 algorithm is better than SVM in detecting network intrusions and false alarm rate in KDD CUP 99 dataset.
Seasonal Variations in Mood and Behavior in Korean High School Students

Objectives: Although many reports have been written on seasonal variations in mood and behavior in foreign countries, few reports have dealt with Korean adolescents, except medical students. The goal of this study was to estimate the frequency of seasonal variations in mood and behavior among Korean high school students. Methods: A total of 656 high school students living in southeastern Seoul participated in this study. The subjects were investigated with the Korean translated version of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ), and their responses were evaluated for seasonal patterns in mood and behavior change according to Kasper's criteria to make SAD (seasonal affective disorder) or SSAD (subclinical seasonal affective disorder) diagnosis. Results: A total of 565 subjects completed the questionnaire and the responses (M：F=324：241) were collected and used for analysis. The mean age was 16.73 (SD=0.65) years, and mean global seasonality score 5.88 (SD=4.72). Of the respondents, 413 (73.1%) reported problems related with seasonal changes. Total prevalence rates were 13.6% for SAD, 10.8% for S-SAD. The estimated frequencies were 5.1% for summer SAD, 3.2% for summer S-SAD, 0.5% for winter SAD and 1.1% for winter S-SAD. The prevalence rate of summer SAD or S-SAD was higher than winter SAD or S-SAD. Conclusion: The subjects showed a higher prevalence rate of summer type than winter type in SAD or S-SAD. These results were similar to those of other studies carried out in East Asian countries. However, the unpleasant feelings resulting from high temperature and humidity in summer rather than depression may have influenced the results. Therefore, it is necessary to make new SAD criteria of the SPAQ suitable for East Asian countries.
Exploring narratives of education: disabled young people’s experiences of educational institutions in Ghana

Abstract Disabled young people in many low and middle-income countries experience significant levels of educational exclusion due to disabling social and physical environments and are more likely to be illiterate than their non-disabled peers. Most social sciences and development literature, however, tends to homogenise the educational trajectories of disabled young people and focuses predominantly on the perspectives of educationalists, development experts and carers in assessing educational needs and institutions. Consequently, the experiences of young people across multiple categories of social difference, and their agency in shaping their own educational trajectories, remain largely unknown. This article contributes to filling this gap by exploring the educational narratives of young people with different impairments in mainstream, special and integrated schools in Ghana. The article shows how exploring individual narratives provides new insights into the educational needs of and ‘appropriate’ education for disabled young people in the Global South.
Dyslipidemia in Children and Adolescents: When and How to Diagnose and Treat?

Recently, the incidence and prevalence of obesity and dyslipidemia are increasing. Dyslipidemia is associated with significant comorbidities and complications, and with cardiovascular risk factors (obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and smoking). The main objectives of this article are that describe the prevalence of dyslipidemia in Korean children and adolescents and review the diagnosis and management of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents.
Bayesian Selection of Markov Models for Symbol Sequences: Application to Microsaccadic Eye Movements

Complex biological dynamics often generate sequences of discrete events which can be described as a Markov process. The order of the underlying Markovian stochastic process is fundamental for characterizing statistical dependencies within sequences. As an example for this class of biological systems, we investigate the Markov order of sequences of microsaccadic eye movements from human observers. We calculate the integrated likelihood of a given sequence for various orders of the Markov process and use this in a Bayesian framework for statistical inference on the Markov order. Our analysis shows that data from most participants are best explained by a first-order Markov process. This is compatible with recent findings of a statistical coupling of subsequent microsaccade orientations. Our method might prove to be useful for a broad class of biological systems.
Minimizing Legal Exposure of High-Tech Companies through Collaborative Filtering Methods

Patent litigation not only covers legal and technical issues, it is also a key consideration for managers of high-technology (high-tech) companies when making strategic decisions. Patent litigation influences the market value of high-tech companies. However, this raises unique challenges. To this end, in this paper, we develop a novel recommendation framework to solve the problem of litigation risk prediction. We will introduce a specific type of patent-related litigation, that is, Section 337 investigations, which prohibit all acts of unfair competition, or any unfair trade practices, when exporting products to the United States. To build this recommendation framework, we collect and exploit a large amount of published information related to almost all Section 337 investigation cases. This study has two aims: (1) to predict the litigation risk in a specific industry category for high-tech companies and (2) to predict the litigation risk from competitors for high-tech companies. These aims can be achieved by mining historical investigation cases and related patents. Specifically, we propose two methods to meet the needs of both aims: a proximal slope one predictor and a time-aware predictor. Several factors are considered in the proposed methods, including the litigation risk if a company wants to enter a new market and the risk that a potential competitor would file a lawsuit against the new entrant. Comparative experiments using real-world data demonstrate that the proposed methods outperform several baselines with a significant margin.
Feeding State, Insulin and NPR-1 Modulate Chemoreceptor Gene Expression via Integration of Sensory and Circuit Inputs

Feeding state and food availability can dramatically alter an animals' sensory response to chemicals in its environment. Dynamic changes in the expression of chemoreceptor genes may underlie some of these food and state-dependent changes in chemosensory behavior, but the mechanisms underlying these expression changes are unknown. Here, we identified a KIN-29 (SIK)-dependent chemoreceptor, srh-234, in C. elegans whose expression in the ADL sensory neuron type is regulated by integration of sensory and internal feeding state signals. We show that in addition to KIN-29, signaling is mediated by the DAF-2 insulin-like receptor, OCR-2 TRPV channel, and NPR-1 neuropeptide receptor. Cell-specific rescue experiments suggest that DAF-2 and OCR-2 act in ADL, while NPR-1 acts in the RMG interneurons. NPR-1-mediated regulation of srh-234 is dependent on gap-junctions, implying that circuit inputs regulate the expression of chemoreceptor genes in sensory neurons. Using physical and genetic manipulation of ADL neurons, we show that sensory inputs from food presence and ADL neural output regulate srh-234 expression. While KIN-29 and DAF-2 act primarily via the MEF-2 (MEF2) and DAF-16 (FOXO) transcription factors to regulate srh-234 expression in ADL neurons, OCR-2 and NPR-1 likely act via a calcium-dependent but MEF-2- and DAF-16-independent pathway. Together, our results suggest that sensory- and circuit-mediated regulation of chemoreceptor genes via multiple pathways may allow animals to precisely regulate and fine-tune their chemosensory responses as a function of internal and external conditions.
Questioning the Resistance/Aerobic Training Dichotomy: A commentary on physiological adaptations determined by effort rather than exercise modality

Abstract This paper discusses and challenges the current opinion that exercise adaptation is generally defined by modality; resistance exercise (RE), or aerobic exercise (AE). In presenting a strong body of recent research which demonstrably challenges these perceptions we suggest alternate hypotheses towards physiological adaptation which is hinged more upon the effort than the exercise modality. Practical implications of this interpretation of exercise adaptation might effect change in exercise adherence since existing barriers to exercise of time, costs, specialized equipment, etc. become nullified. In presenting the evidence herein we suggest that lay persons wishing to attain the health and fitness (including strength and muscle hypertrophy) benefits of exercise can choose from a wide range of potential exercise modalities so long as the effort is high. Future research should consider this hypothesis by directly comparing RE and AE for acute responses and chronic adaptations.
A Fully-Automated Desynchronization Flow for Synchronous Circuits

Variability is one of the fundamental problems faced by nano-scale electronic circuits and is expected to become even worse as process technology scales. Desynchronization is a design methodology, which converts a synchronous gate- level circuit into a more robust asynchronous one. In this paper, we describe the first fully-automated desynchronization design flow, based only on contemporary synchronous EDA tools and a new point tool for performing the desynchronization transformation. The flow was used to implement, down to mask layout level, a simple pipelined processor in a 90 nm industrial library. We show that the desynchronization methodology can be easily integrated into contemporary industrial EDA flows. Results, on the design implemented, indicate that desynchronized circuits exhibit increased variability tolerance and better average case performance, for a small area and power overhead.
Engraftment, Differentiation, and Functional Benefits of Autologous Cardiosphere-Derived Cells in Porcine Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

Background— Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) isolated from human endomyocardial biopsies reduce infarct size and improve cardiac function in mice. Safety and efficacy testing in large animals is necessary for clinical translation. Methods and Results— Mesenchymal stem cells, which resemble CDCs in size and thrombogenicity, have been associated with infarction after intracoronary infusion. To maximize CDC engraftment while avoiding infarction, we optimized the infusion protocol in 19 healthy pigs. A modified cocktail of CDCs in calcium-free PBS, 100 U/mL of heparin, and 250 &mgr;g/mL of nitroglycerin eliminated infusion-related infarction. Subsequent infusion experiments in 17 pigs with postinfarct left ventricular dysfunction showed CDC doses ≥107 but <2.5×107 result in new myocardial tissue formation without infarction. In a pivotal randomized study, 7 infarcted pigs received 300 000 CDCs/kg (≈107 total) and 7 received placebo (vehicle alone). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging 8 weeks later showed CDC treatment decreased relative infarct size (19.2% to 14.2% of left ventricle infarcted, P=0.01), whereas placebo did not (17.7% to 15.3%, P=0.22). End-diastolic volume increased in placebo, but not in CDC-treated animals. Hemodynamically, the rate of pressure change (dP/dt) maximum and dP/dt minimum were significantly better with CDC infusion. There was no difference between groups in the ability to induce ventricular tachycardia, nor was there any tumor or ectopic tissue formation. Conclusions— Intracoronary delivery of CDCs in a preclinical model of postinfarct left ventricular dysfunction results in formation of new cardiac tissue, reduces relative infarct size, attenuates adverse remodeling, and improves hemodynamics. The evidence of efficacy without obvious safety concerns at 8 weeks of follow-up motivates human studies in patients after myocardial infarction and in chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy.