Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Struggling in change at the end of life: A nursing inquiry

Objective: The purpose of this human science nursing inquiry is to explore the meaning of struggling in change for persons at the end of life. Methods: Guided by Parse's theory of human becoming, a descriptive exploratory method was used to answer the research question: What is the meaning of the experience of struggling in change for persons at the end of life? Eight persons who were living with dying described experiences of struggling in change during face-to-face audiotaped interviews. Results: A process of analysis–synthesis revealed three themes that are discussed in relation to extant related literature and interpreted in light of the human becoming perspective. Significance of results: Findings from the study contribute new knowledge about human experience at the end of life from a human science perspective and offer new insights on struggling in change as a rhythmical pattern of living and dying. Implications for palliative practice, research, and education are discussed.
Protective Measurement and the Meaning of the Wave Function

This article introduces the method of protective measurement and discusses its possible implications for the meaning of the wave function. It is argued that the results of protective measurements as predicted by quantum mechanics imply that the wave function of a quantum system is a representation of the physical state of the system, and a further analysis of the mass and charge distribution of the system, which is measurable by protective measurements, may also help determine what physical state the wave function represents.
Evaluation of immunohistochemical detection of prion protein in rectoanal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue for diagnosis of scrapie in sheep.

OBJECTIVE To determine the suitability and estimate the sensitivity of an immunohistochemical (IHC) test for disease-associated prion protein (PrP(Sc)) in biopsy specimens of rectoanal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (RAMALT) for diagnosis of scrapie in sheep. ANIMALS 762 sheep at high risk for having scrapie and indemnified by the National Scrapie Eradication Program. PROCEDURES The IHC test for PrP(Sc) was applied to 2 RAMALT and 2 third-eyelid biopsy specimens and a postmortem RAMALT specimen from each sheep. Results were compared with those of a reference test in which results for tissues from obex and retropharyngeal lymph nodes, tonsil, or both were considered in parallel. RESULTS The reference test identified 139 sheep as having scrapie. Biopsy-related complications occurred in 3 sheep. Sensitivity of the IHC test in RAMALT ranged from 85.3% to 89.4%, depending on the anatomic location from which RAMALT was obtained. Results for the test applied to 1 RAMALT specimen were similar to results interpreted in parallel for 2 third-eyelid specimens (sensitivity, 87.0%). The proportion of inconclusive test results attributable to insufficient lymphoid follicles in biopsy specimens was lower when considering results for 2 RAMALT specimens in parallel (10.1%) than when considering results for 2 third-eyelid specimens in parallel (23.7%). Specimens of RAMALT that were inappropriately collected from an area caudal to the rectoanal interface yielded a high proportion of inconclusive results (33.3% to 50.0%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The IHC test for PrP(Sc) in RAMALT was an effective means of detecting subclinical scrapie in live, high-risk sheep.
Combinatorial Algorithms in VLSI Routing

Nyilatkozat Alulírott Szeszlér Dávid kijelentem, hogy ezt a doktorí ertekezést magam készítettemés abban csak a megadott forrásokat használtam fel. Minden olyan részt, amelyet szó sze-rint, vagy azonos tartalommal, dé atfogalmazva más forrásbóí atvettem, egyértelm˝ uen, a forrás megadásával megjelöltem.
THE I NTERNAT I ONAL JOURNAL OF ETHICS

W ff WHETHER the citizen of any state or nation ought o fight in war or support war undertaken by the auV T thorities is a question of morality. In so far as religion embodies a system of morality, it is a religious question. But for the majority the question is answered by traditional practice. Either it is assumed to be one of the duties of citizens to support heir government in war and the preparation for war -as the majority believe-or it is assumed by some of those who claim to be genuinely Christian to be a moral or religious duty to avoid assisting in war. These two attitudes are the most obvious alternatives, although in recent times new attitudes have been adopted or advocated, as, for example, that only a certain kind of war, a war of defense or an international or police war, should be supported. The ideas and emotions associated with the word "war" are survivals from many different ages and, in some cases, very ancient situations. And if the question is asked whether a citizen should serve in war, a confused medley of these ideas and emotions arises in the minds of the majority. In the first place, romantic illusions prevent the majority from seeing that war is, in essence, the killing and maiming of men by other men, and that in order to kill more effectually, spying and lies are used by both sides in any war, however just. Men in armies and navies and air forces are trained to kill others and to destroy the necessities
A sequential testing approach for change-point detection on bus door systems

Detecting change-points and anomalies on sequential data is common in various domains such as fraud detection for credit cards, intrusion detection for cyber-security or military surveillance [1]. This study is motivated by the predictive maintenance of pneumatic doors in transit buses. For this purpose, buses are instrumented and data are collected through embedded sensors. Inspired by the CUSUM and GLR approaches, this paper deals with on-line change-point detection on sequential data where each observation consists in a bivariate curve. The system is considered out of control when a change occurs in the curves probability distribution. A specific regression model is used to describe the curves. The unknown parameters of this model are estimated using the maximum likelihood principle. Experimental studies performed on realistic data demonstrate the promising behavior of the proposed method.
Resource Allocation for OFDMA Based Relay Enhanced Cellular Networks

Relay enhanced cellular network is a promising architecture for next generation wireless communication system. Introducing relay nodes into cellular networks challenges the resource allocation. The centralized subcarrier and power allocation algorithm which maximizes system capacity with constraint of overall transmission power is studied for OFDMA based relay enhanced cellular networks. A heuristic algorithm is proposed for subcarrier assignment to exploit multiuser diversity as much as possible. An iterative power allocation algorithm is presented to balance the two-hop links of each relay node based on the predetermined subcarrier assignment solution. Performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated. Numerical results show that the proposals can achieve significant improvement on system capacity without heavy computational complexity.
Fabrication and Characteristics of Reduced Graphene Oxide Produced with Different Green Reductants

There has been an upsurge of green reductants for the preparation of graphene materials taking consideration of human health and the environment in recent years. In this paper, reduced graphene oxides (RGOs) were prepared by chemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) with three green reductants, L-ascorbic acid (L-AA), D-glucose (D-GLC) and tea polyphenol (TP), and comparatively characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, Raman spectra and electrical conductivity analysis. Results showed that all these three reductants were effective to remove oxygen-containing functional groups in GO and restore the electrical conductivity of the obtained RGO. The RGO sample with L-ascorbic acid as a reductant and reduced with the existence of ammonia had the highest electrical conductivity (9.8 S·cm-1) among all the obtained RGO samples. The mechanisms regarding to the reduction of GO and the dispersion of RGO in water were also proposed. It is the good dispersibility of reduced graphene oxide in water that will facilitate its further use in composite materials and conductive ink.
β-Blocker-Associated Risks in Patients With Uncomplicated Hypertension Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery.

IMPORTANCE Perioperative β-blocker strategies are important to reduce risks of adverse events. Effectiveness and safety may differ according to patients' baseline risk. OBJECTIVE To determine the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) associated with long-term β-blocker therapy in patients with uncomplicated hypertension undergoing noncardiac surgery. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Association study based on in-hospital records and out-of-hospital pharmacotherapy use using a Danish nationwide cohort of patients with uncomplicated hypertension treated with at least 2 antihypertensive drugs (β-blockers, thiazides, calcium antagonists, or renin-angiotensin system [RAS] inhibitors) undergoing noncardiac surgery between 2005 and 2011. INTERVENTIONS Various antihypertensive treatment regimens, chosen as part of usual care. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Thirty-day risk of MACEs (cardiovascular death, nonfatal ischemic stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction) and all-cause mortality, assessed using multivariable logistic regression models and adjusted numbers needed to harm (NNH). RESULTS The baseline characteristics of the 14,644 patients who received β-blockers (65% female, mean [SD] age, 66.1 [12.0] years) were similar to those of the 40,676 patients who received other antihypertensive drugs (57% female, mean [SD] age, 65.9 [11.8] years). Thirty-day MACEs occurred in 1.3% of patients treated with β-blockers compared with 0.8% of patients not treated with β-blockers (P < .001). β-Blocker use was associated with increased risks of MACEs in 2-drug combinations with RAS inhibitors (odds ratio [OR], 2.16 [95% CI, 1.54-3.04]), calcium antagonists (OR, 2.17 [95% CI, 1.48-3.17]), and thiazides (OR, 1.56 [95% CI, 1.10-2.22]), compared with the reference combination of RAS inhibitors and thiazides. Results were similar for all-cause mortality. Risk of MACEs associated with β-blocker use seemed especially pronounced for patients at least 70 years old (number needed to harm [NNH], 140 [95% CI, 86-364]), for men (NNH, 142 [95% CI, 93-195]), and for patients undergoing acute surgery (NNH, 97 [95% CI, 57-331]), compared with patients younger than 70 years, women, and patients undergoing elective surgery, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Antihypertensive treatment with a β-blocker may be associated with increased risks of perioperative MACEs and all-cause mortality in patients with uncomplicated hypertension.
A Systematic Review on Exposure to Toxic and Essential Elements through Black Tea Consumption in Iran: Could It be a Major Risk for Human Health?

Background: Tea is the most popular nonalcoholic beverage worldwide. In recent years, some Iranian studies have shown the occurrence of toxic elements in fresh or dried tea leaves as well as in brewed tea. The present study aimed to ascertain the health risks associated with exposure to toxic and essential element through black tea consumption in Iran by systematically reviewing the accredited articles in the field. Methods: In order to obtain the relevant articles and academic databases, the search engines covering the specific disciplines were searched for the keywords, including tea, elements, heavy metals and determination. Having provided the complete list of sound articles, being conducted in Iran was considered as the inclusion criteria. Exclusion criteria were established as failure to provide information on the validity parameters and accuracy in the analytical methods. Choosing well conducted, reliable studies, analytical results for the concentration of each element in black tea were utilized in the determination of the hazard quotient (HQ) for the given element and the hazard index (HI) was then determined for all of the elements in each study. Results: Among the total studies, two were considered to be reliable. Aluminum was found to be the most abundant element in black tea marketed in Iran. Although the HQ for manganese was the highest among the studied elements, HQ and HI values for both toxic elements and essential elements were calculated as less than 1. Conclusions: The hazard of excessive element intake through black tea consumption should be considered as negligible in Iran. However, related risk for manganese appeared to be more than toxic metals.
Pbx raises the DNA binding specificity but not the selectivity of antennapedia Hox proteins

We have used a binding site selection strategy to determine the optimal binding sites for Pbx proteins by themselves and as heterodimeric partners with various Hox gene products. Among the Pbx proteins by themselves, only Pbx3 binds with high affinity, as a monomer or as a homodimer, to an optimal binding site, TGATTGATTTGAT. An inhibitory domain located N terminal of the Pbx1 homeodomain prevents intrinsic Pbx1 binding to this sequence. When complexed with Hoxc-6, each of the Pbx gene products binds the same consensus sequence, TGATTTAT, which differs from the site bound by Pbx3 alone. Three members of the Antennapedia family, Hoxc-6, Hoxb-7, and Hoxb-8, select the same binding site in conjunction with Pbx1. The affinities of these proteins as heterodimeric partners with Pbx1 for the selected optimal binding site are similar. However, the binding specificity of Hox proteins for optimal binding sites is increased, compared to nonspecific DNA, in the presence of Pbx proteins. Thus, while cooperative DNA binding involving heterodimers of Pbx and Hox gene products derived from members within the Antennapedia family does not increase binding site selectivity, DNA binding specificity of the Hox gene products is significantly enhanced in the presence of Pbx.
Playing Position: Anthropometric and Fitness Demands in Youth Soccer

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the anthropometric and fitness characteristics of soccer players with different positional role. Although, players’ skills are not equally distributed in each position, at elite soccer they have to perform each skill at a sufficient level. However, coaches expertise those from an early age in specific positions without giving them an holistic individualized training. In the study participated 312 Greek players aged 6 to 17 (M= 11.89; SD= 2.33) of 5 age groups (group U7-U8; group U9-U10; group U11-U12; group U13-U14; group U15-U16; group U17). Anthropometric (height, weight, body mass index and body fat) and fitness characteristics (flexibility, vertical jump, running speed, agility and VO2max) of participants were measured. The study showed that goalkeepers and central defenders tend to perform worse than players of the other positional groups in most of their fitness characteristics for almost all the age groups. Furthermore, many tendencies were observed in anthropometric and fitness characteristics between players with different positional roles. This study provides suggestions to coaches regarding their practice of positioning players according to their anthropometric and fitness characteristics for a short term success.
Beyond Dualism: Stability and Change As a Duality

To survive and prosper, organizations must reconcile stability, reliability, and exploitation with change, innovation, and exploration. These imperatives and the mechanisms that support them are generally seen as incompatible and mutually exclusive. I present an alternative: a duality view in which stability and change are fundamentally interdependent—contradictory but also mutually enabling. This view revisits several enduring ideas about stability and change and offers theoretical and pragmatic opportunities to dissolve and transcend their paradoxical relationship.
A morphological effect obtains for isolated words but not for words in sentence context

The effect of morphological complexity on word identification was studied in three experiments conducted in Finnish, employing the same set of target nouns. In Experiment 1, the target nouns were presented in isolation, and lexical decision times were employed as lexical access measures. In Experiments 2 and 3, the same words were embedded in sentence contexts, where both the inflected and non-inflected forms were equally plausible, and eye fixation patterns (Exp. 2) and lexical decision latencies (Exp. 3) were recorded. The experiment with isolated words replicated previous lexical decision studies by showing more effortful processing for inflected than monomorphemic nouns. However, this morphological complexity effect did not generalise to the context experiments; fixation durations and response latencies were highly similar for inflected and monomorphemic words. It is suggested that, at least for the type of inflected nouns studied, the morphological effect observed for isolated words may derive from the syntactic and/or semantic level and not necessarily from the lexical level, as previously assumed.
Working in Old Age: Benefits of Participation in the Senior Community Service Employment Program

SUMMARY This research investigates the impact of employment on 113 older workers in three Senior Community Service Employment Programs (SCSEP). A number of quality of life variables such as life satisfaction, self-esteem, self-efficacy, empowerment, job satisfaction, and social support were explored. Results from this study indicate that regardless of length of employment with SCSEP, workers' perceived health benefited from an enhanced social network and productive lifestyle. Older workers in this study showed greater confidence in themselves resulting in increased empowerment and self-esteem as well as a heightened sense of control in their own daily lives. Those with fewer health limitations were found to have better sense of life satisfaction, felt more efficacious and empowered by their work experience, and as a result, stayed on the job longer.
Constraints, psychological investment, and hunting participation: Development and testing of a model

Abstract This study sought to gain a better understanding of hunting participation through the development and testing of a conceptual model. The model examined participation (retention) in the context of rifle deer hunting in Colorado by state residents and nonresidents. Participation was hypothesized to be directly associated with people's level of investment, level of constraints, past experience, and behavioral intention. The proposed model was loosely based on the theory of reasoned action. Beliefs about the potentially negative impacts of new hunting regulations, and attitude toward rifle deer hunting in Colorado were the other components included in the model. Results indicated that for both Colorado residents and nonresidents, past experience was found to increase the probability of participation in rifle deer hunting in 1993. In addition, as perception of constraints increased, the probability of participation for both residents and nonresidents decreased. For nonresidents, increased level of inv.
DCT based OFDM for Underwater Acoustic Communication

Discrete Cosine Transform based Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DCT-OFDM) is proposed for the first time for Underwater Acoustic Communication. Underwater acoustic channels are characterized as doubly spread channels in time and frequency. The orthogonality feature of conventional OFDM is also provided by inverse DCT (IDCT)-DCT structure with the added advantages of reduced implementation area and increased computational speed as only real calculations is required. This system provide higher peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction and achieve better noise immunity and hence better bit error rate (BER) performance than standard OFDM, while maintaining a low implementation cost. Simulation results show noticeable improvement in the performance.
Searching consumer image collections using web-based concept expansion

As consumers accumulate more and more personal imagery, searching for specific images has become increasingly difficult. Consumers typically provide little or no annotations, and automated classifiers and concept tagging tools are limited in their scope and vocabulary. This work addresses this sparsity of semantic information by leveraging domain-specific information provided by online photo-sharing communities. Such information enables improved search by allowing user-provided search terms to be expanded into a set of semantically related concepts, using relevant semantic relationships provided by millions of users. Our system first extracts metadata using a modest number of image and event-based semantic classifiers, as well as any meaningful file or folder names. When users pose text-based queries, our system retrieves images from their personal image collections by leveraging Flickr's tag dataset for concept expansion. This approach enables users to search their collections without having to manually annotate their pictures. We compare the retrieval performance of using a Flickr-based concept expander with the performance obtained without concept expansion and with using a WordNet-based concept expander. The results demonstrate that common sense knowledge gleaned from online photo sharing communities can enable meaningful image search on consumer image collections, searches that would be impossible using only the available image metadata.
What Explains the Asset Growth Effect in Stock Returns?

We consider the expanding evidence for a negative correlation between firm asset growth and subsequent stock returns with respect to two rational explanations: compensation for risk and costly arbitrage. We observe that the growth rate in total assets is the dominant asset growth rate variable in explaining the cross-section of stock returns. We show that a factor sensitivity to systematic asset growth does not generate a significant risk premium beyond the simple firm growth effect. We find that firm idiosyncratic volatility, which we use as a measure of the cost of holding a position in the stock per unit of time, explains substantial variation in the asset growth effect in the cross section of returns. Furthermore, time series patterns in alphas and factor loadings related to asset growth are associated with high idiosyncratic risk. Our findings highlight the magnitude of the impact of costly arbitrage on stock returns.
Why Rights are not Trumps: Social Meanings, Expressive Harms, and Constitutionalism

Constitutional theory and political philosophy typically conceive constitutional rights as trumps for individual interests over appeals to democratic judgments concerning the common good. This article argues that actual constitutional practice reveals that rights frequently function in a different way. Most often, rights police the kinds of justifications government can act on in different spheres rather than protecting atomistic interests in autonomy, or liberty, or dignity. Rights therefore serve as tools courts use to evaluate the social meanings and expressive dimensions of governmental action. In this way, the developing literature on social norms can be extended from private law and social interaction to public law and relations between the individual and the state. Seen from this vantage point, standard critiques of rights‐oriented constitutionalism, for intrinsically elevating atomistic interests over collective pursuit of the common good, can be seen to be mistaken. Instead, rights are means of realizing various common goods through the work they do to protect the integrity of distinct common goods, such as democratic self‐governance, public education, religion, and other domains.