Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Size effects on the onset of plastic deformation during nanoindentation of thin films and patterned lines

Plastic deformation of materials exhibits a strong size dependence when the relevant physical length scales are in the range of microns or below. Recent progress in experimental and computational nanoindentation allows us to investigate the mechanical response of nanoscale material volumes, particularly the transition from elastic to plastic deformation and the early stages of plastic deformation. We present a systematic experimental study of nanoindentation on continuous films and unidirectionally patterned lines on substrates to explore the effects of two size scales (film thickness t and linewidth w) on the early stages of plastic deformation via the investigation of the nanoindentation P–h response. The observed experimental trends indicate that early stage plasticity is strongly size dependent, a feature that cannot be rationalized on the basis of continuum concepts. Computational simulations of these nanoindentation experiments through finite element modeling and molecular dynamics are conducted to .
Pharmacology of JNJ-37822681, a Specific and Fast-Dissociating D2 Antagonist for the Treatment of Schizophrenia

All marketed antipsychotics act by blocking dopamine D2 receptors. Fast dissociation from D2 receptors may be one of the elements contributing to the lower incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) exhibited by newer antipsychotics. Therefore, we screened for specific D2 receptor blockers with a fast rate of dissociation. Radioligand binding experiments identified N- [1-(3,4-difluorobenzyl)piperidin-4-yl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridazin-3-amine (JNJ-37822681) as a fast-dissociating D2 ligand. Its D2 receptor specificity was high compared with atypical antipsychotics, with little activity at receptors associated with unwanted effects [α1, α2, H1, muscarinic, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) type 2C] and for receptors that may interfere with the effects of D2 antagonism (D1, D3, and 5-HT2A). JNJ-37822681 occupied D2 receptors in rat brain at relatively low doses (ED50 0.39 mg/kg) and was effective in animal models of psychosis (e.g., inhibition of apomorphine-induced stereotypy or d-amphetamine/phencyclidine-induced hyperlocomotion). Prolactin levels increased from an ED50 (0.17 mg/kg, peripheral D2 receptors) close to the ED50 required for apomorphine antagonism (0.19 mg/kg, central D2 receptors), suggesting excellent brain disposition and minimal prolactin release at therapeutic doses. JNJ-37822681 induced catalepsy and inhibited avoidance behavior, but with a specificity margin relative to apomorphine antagonism that was larger than that obtained for haloperidol and similar to that obtained for olanzapine. This larger specificity margin (compared with haloperidol) may reflect lower EPS liability and less behavioral suppression after JNJ-37822681. JNJ-37822681 is a novel, potent, specific, centrally active, fast-dissociating D2 antagonist with optimal brain disposition, and it is the first compound that allows the evaluation of the potential value of fast D2 antagonism for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
Molecular dissection of gating in the ClC‐2 chloride channel

The ClC‐2 chloride channel is probably involved in the regulation of cell volume and of neuronal excitability. Site‐directed mutagenesis was used to understand ClC‐2 activation in response to cell swelling, hyperpolarization and acidic extracellular pH. Similar to equivalent mutations in ClC‐0, neutralizing Lys566 at the end of the transmembrane domains results in outward rectification and a shift in voltage dependence, but leaves the basic gating mechanism, including swelling activation, intact. In contrast, mutations in the cytoplasmic loop between transmembrane domains D7 and D8 abolish all three modes of activation by constitutively opening the channel without changing its pore properties. These effects resemble those observed with deletions of an amino‐terminal inactivation domain, and suggest that it may act as its receptor. Such a ‘ball‐and‐chain’ type mechanism may act as a final pathway in the activation of ClC‐2 elicited by several stimuli.
Posttetanic hyperpolarization produced by electrogenic Na(+)-K+ pump in lizard axons impaled near their motor terminals.

1. The hyperpolarization that follows tetanic stimulation was recorded intra-axonally from the internodal region of intramuscular myelinated motor axons. 2. The peak amplitude of the posttetanic hyperpolarization (PTH) that followed stimulation at 20-100 Hz for < or = 35 s increased with increasing train duration, reaching a maximum of 22 mV. PTH decayed over a time course that increased from tens to hundreds of seconds with increasing train duration. For a given frequency of stimulation the time integral of PTH was proportional to the number of stimuli in the train, averaging 3-4 mV.s per action potential. 3. Ouabain (0.1-1 mM) and cyanide (1 mM) depolarized the resting potential and abolished PTH. Tetanic stimulation in ouabain was followed by a slowly decaying depolarization (probably due to extra-axonal K+ accumulation) whose magnitude and duration increased as the duration of the train increased. 4. Axonal input resistance showed no consistent change during PTH in normal solution but increased during PTH in the presence of 3 mM Cs+ (which blocks axonal inward rectifier currents). 5. PTH was abolished when bath Na+ was replaced by Li+ or choline. PTH persisted after removal of bath Ca2+ and addition of 2 mM Mn2+. 6. Removal of bath K+ abolished the PTH recorded after brief stimulus trains and greatly reduced the duration of PTH recorded after longer stimulus trains. 7. A brief application of 10 mM K+, which normally depolarizes axons, produced a ouabain-sensitive hyperpolarization in axons bathed in K(+)-free solution. 8. These observations suggest that in these myelinated axons PTH is produced mainly by activation of an electrogenic Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, rather than by changes in K+ permeability or transmembrane [K+] gradients. This conclusion is supported by calculations showing agreement between estimates of Na+ efflux/impulse based on PTH measurements and estimates of Na+ influx/impulse based on nodal voltage-clamp measurements. Pump activity also appears to contribute to the resting potential. 9. The stimulus intensity required to initiate a propagating action potential increased during PTH but decreased during the posttetanic depolarization recorded in ouabain. Thus changes in axonal excitability after tetanic stimulation correlate with changes in the posttetanic membrane potential. 10. Action potentials that propagated during PTH had a larger peak amplitude and were followed by a larger and longer depolarizing afterpotential than action potentials elicited at the resting potential. This enhancement of the depolarizing afterpotential is consistent with previous reports of an increased superexcitable period after action potentials evoked during PTH.
Laboratory Colonization of Aedes japonicus japonicus

ABSTRACT We describe methodology used for the laboratory colonization of Aedes japonicus japonicus, an exotic mosquito species native to eastern Asia and first collected in New Jersey as larvae in 1999. We created a free mating colony in 2000 that readily bloodfed on restrained bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). A larval diet of finely ground Purina Lab Diet© dissolved in dechlorinated water has proven acceptable. This is the first report of Ae. j. japonicus colonization from mosquitoes collected in the United States.
Human cytomegalovirus DNA replicates after early circularization by concatemer formation, and inversion occurs within the concatemer

To determine the replicative mechanism for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA, field inversion gel electrophoresis was used to separate HCMV replicative DNAs during lytic infection. Unit-length circular HCMV genomes lacking terminal restriction fragments were detected starting 4 h after infection even when cells were treated with aphidicolin, phosphonoacetic acid, or cycloheximide. Viral DNA synthesis began 24 h after infection and produced large amounts of high-molecular-weight replicative DNA that was a precursor of progeny genomes. Replicative DNA contained rare terminal restriction fragments, and long-arm termini were much less frequent than short-arm termini. Replicative DNA was not composed of unit-length circles because low-dose gamma irradiation of replicative DNA generated numerous random high-molecular-weight fragments rather than unit-length molecules. PacI digestion of replicative DNA from a recombinant HCMV with two closely spaced PacI sites revealed that replicative DNA is concatemeric and genome segment inversion occurs after concatemer synthesis. These results show that after circularization of the parental genome, DNA synthesis produces concatemers and genomic inversion occurs within concatemeric DNA. The results further suggest that concatemers acquire genomic termini during the cleavage/packaging process which preferentially inserts short-arm termini into empty capsids, causing a predominance of short-arm termini on the concatemer.
A Novel Function of Pet54 in Regulation of Cox1 Synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mitochondria*

Cytochrome c oxidase assembly requires the synthesis of the mitochondria-encoded core subunits, Cox1, Cox2, and Cox3. In yeast, Pet54 protein is required to activate translation of the COX3 mRNA and to process the aI5β intron on the COX1 transcript. Here we report a third, novel function of Pet54 on Cox1 synthesis. We observed that Pet54 is necessary to achieve an efficient Cox1 synthesis. Translation of the COX1 mRNA is coupled to the assembly of cytochrome c oxidase by a mechanism that involves Mss51. This protein activates translation of the COX1 mRNA by acting on the COX1 5′-UTR, and, in addition, it interacts with the newly synthesized Cox1 protein in high molecular weight complexes that include the factors Coa3 and Cox14. Deletion of Pet54 decreased Cox1 synthesis, and, in contrast to what is commonly observed for other assembly mutants, double deletion of cox14 or coa3 did not recover Cox1 synthesis. Our results show that Pet54 is a positive regulator of Cox1 synthesis that renders Mss51 competent as a translational activator of the COX1 mRNA and that this role is independent of the assembly feedback regulatory loop of Cox1 synthesis. Pet54 may play a role in Mss51 hemylation/conformational change necessary for translational activity. Moreover, Pet54 physically interacts with the COX1 mRNA, and this binding was independent of the presence of Mss51.
Ku-Band Novel Voltage Controlled Oscillator Microwave Integrated Circuit with Low Phase Noise

This paper describes design and analysis of voltage controlled oscillator using NPN Silicon Germanium RF transistor operating in Ku-band frequencies. Novel topology is proposed with tunable active matching filter networks are used as resonators connected to parallel emitters. Resonator contains varactor diodes to provide voltage controlled frequency tuning. Series LC network connected at the base of device helps in increasing S11 and S22 >1 further leading to enough negative resistance at input and output ports. Analysis shows that it provides considerably low phase noise operation in Ku-band. This is due to the significant quality factor limits further degradation in phase noise. Interactive program was developed in Agilent's Advanced Design System (ADS) tool to choose better reflection coefficient considering trade-offs. 5.4 dBm output spectrum is achieved at 14.9GHz frequency without using buffer. VCO can be tuned in 14.85GHz to 14.95GHz frequency band using 0-22V varactor diode variable bias. Second order harmonic is -44 dBc below from the fundamental tone.
Ovarian Metastases of Pancreaticobiliary Tract Adenocarcinomas: Analysis of 35 Cases, With Emphasis on the Ability of Metastases to Simulate Primary Ovarian Mucinous Tumors

Metastatic mucinous carcinomas in the ovary are readily recognized when they show characteristic features, including bilateral involvement, only moderate tumor size, surface and superficial cortical involvement, nodular growth, and an infiltrative pattern. However, it is well established that some metastatic mucinous carcinomas can simulate primary ovarian mucinous tumors grossly and microscopically. Metastatic pancreaticobiliary tract adenocarcinomas present a particular diagnostic challenge due to their ability to exhibit borderline-like and cystadenomatous growth patterns, which can be misinterpreted as underlying primary ovarian precursor tumors and can be erroneously used to support interpretation of the carcinomatous components as arising from these purported precursors within the ovary. Thirty-five cases of metastatic pancreaticobiliary tract adenocarcinomas were analyzed. The mean patient age was 58 years (median, 59 y; range, 33 to 78 y). In 15 cases (43%), the pancreaticobiliary tract and ovarian tumors presented synchronously and in 2 cases (6%) the ovarian tumors presented earlier as the first manifestation of the disease. Ovarian tumors were bilateral in 31 cases (89%). Mean and median tumor sizes were 10.6 and 9.5 cm, respectively (range, 2.5 to 21.0 cm). Nodularity was present in 22 cases (63%) and surface involvement was identified in 14 cases (40%). An infiltrative growth pattern was present at least focally in 28 cases (80%), accompanied by borderline-like and/or cystadenomatous areas in 17 (49%) cases and as the exclusive pattern in 11 cases (31%). Conversely, borderline-like and cystadenomatous patterns were identified in 24 cases (69%) and as the exclusive patterns (either pure or combined with one another) in 7 cases (20%). Dpc4 expression was lost in 20 of 33 tumors analyzed (61%). Of 25 patients with follow-up, 23 patients had died of disease (mean/median time, 9/6 mo; range, 1 to 39) and 2 patients were alive with disease (at 1 and 25 mo). Frequent bilateral ovarian involvement, moderate tumor size, nodularity, and infiltrative patterns are useful features for identifying these ovarian tumors as metastatic. However, many tumors exhibit borderline-like and cystadenomatous patterns that, when dominant and combined with synchronous presentation, make recognition as metastases an ongoing challenge. Loss of Dpc4 expression provides the most useful immunohistochemical evidence for establishing the pancreaticobiliary tract as the most likely source of these metastatic mucinous carcinomas in the ovary.
Histidine biosynthesis, its regulation and biotechnological application in Corynebacterium glutamicum

l‐Histidine biosynthesis is an ancient metabolic pathway present in bacteria, archaea, lower eukaryotes, and plants. For decades l‐histidine biosynthesis has been studied mainly in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, revealing fundamental regulatory processes in bacteria. Furthermore, in the last 15 years this pathway has been also investigated intensively in the industrial amino acid‐producing bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum, revealing similarities to E. coli and S. typhimurium, as well as differences. This review summarizes the current knowledge of l‐histidine biosynthesis in C. glutamicum. The genes involved and corresponding enzymes are described, in particular focusing on the imidazoleglycerol‐phosphate synthase (HisFH) and the histidinol‐phosphate phosphatase (HisN). The transcriptional organization of his genes in C. glutamicum is also reported, including the four histidine operons and their promoters. Knowledge of transcriptional regulation during stringent response and by histidine itself is summarized and a translational regulation mechanism is discussed, as well as clues about a histidine transport system. Finally, we discuss the potential of using this knowledge to create or improve C. glutamicum strains for the industrial l‐histidine production.
Tagging and retrieving images with co-occurrence models: from corel to flickr

This paper presents two models for content-based automatic image annotation and retrieval in web image repositories, based on the co-occurrence of tags and visual features in the images. In particular, we show how additional measures can be taken to address the noisy and limited tagging problems, in datasets such as Flickr, to improve performance. An image is represented as a bag of visual terms computed using edge and color information. The first model begins with a naive Bayes approach and then improves upon it by using image pairs as single documents to significantly reduce the noise and increase annotation performance. The second method models the visual features and tags as a graph, and uses query expansion techniques to improve the retrieval performance. We evaluate our methods on the commonly used 150 concept Corel dataset, and a much harder 2000 concept Flickr dataset.
FLAW: FaiLure-Aware Workﬂow Scheduling in High Performance Computing Systems

—The goal of workﬂow application scheduling is to achieve minimal makespan for each workﬂow. Scheduling work-ﬂow applications in high performance computing environments, e.g., clusters, is an NP-Complete problem, and becomes more complicated when potential resource failures are considered. While more research on failure prediction has been witnessed in recent years to improve system availability and reliability, very few of them attack the problem in the context of workﬂow application scheduling. In this paper, we study how a workﬂow scheduler beneﬁts from failure prediction and propose FLAW, a failure-aware workﬂow scheduling algorithm. Furthermore, we propose two important deﬁnitions on accuracy, Application Oblivious Accuracy (AOA) and Application Aware Accuracy (AAA) , from the perspectives of system and scheduling respectively, as we observe that the prediction accuracy deﬁned conventionally imposes different performance implications on different applications and fails to measure how that improves scheduling effectiveness. The comprehensive evaluation results using real failure traces show that FLAW performs well with practically achievable prediction accuracy by reducing the average makespan , the loss time and the number of job rescheduling.
Protein Considerations for Optimising Skeletal Muscle Mass in Healthy Young and Older Adults

Skeletal muscle is critical for human health. Protein feeding, alongside resistance exercise, is a potent stimulus for muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and is a key factor that regulates skeletal muscle mass (SMM). The main purpose of this narrative review was to evaluate the latest evidence for optimising the amino acid or protein source, dose, timing, pattern and macronutrient coingestion for increasing or preserving SMM in healthy young and healthy older adults. We used a systematic search strategy of PubMed and Web of Science to retrieve all articles related to this review objective. In summary, our findings support the notion that protein guidelines for increasing or preserving SMM are more complex than simply recommending a total daily amount of protein. Instead, multifactorial interactions between protein source, dose, timing, pattern and macronutrient coingestion, alongside exercise, influence the stimulation of MPS, and thus should be considered in the context of protein recommendations for regulating SMM. To conclude, on the basis of currently available scientific literature, protein recommendations for optimising SMM should be tailored to the population or context of interest, with consideration given to age and resting/post resistance exercise conditions.
Dynamic pronunciation models for automatic speech recognition

As of this writing, the automatic recognition of spontaneous speech by computer is fraught with errors; many systems transcribe one out of every three to five words incorrectly, whereas humans can transcribe spontaneous speech with one error in twenty words or better. This high error rate is due in part to the poor modeling of pronunciations within spontaneous speech. This dissertation examines how pronunciations vary in this speaking style, and how speaking rate and word predictability can be used to predict when greater pronunciation variation can be expected. It includes an investigation of the relationship between speaking rate, word predictability, pronunciations, and errors made by speech recognition systems. The results of these studies suggest that for spontaneous speech, it may be appropriate to build models for syllables and words that can dynamically change the pronunciations used in the speech recognizer based on the extended context (including surrounding words, phones, speaking rate, etc.). Implementation of new pronunciation models automatically derived from data within the ICSI speech recognition system has shown a 4–5% relative improvement on the Broadcast News recognition task. Roughly two thirds of these gains can be attributed to static baseform improvements; adding the ability to dynamically adjust pronunciations within the recognizer provides the other third of the improvement. The Broadcast News task also allows for comparison of performance on different styles of speech: the new pronunciation models do not help for pre-planned speech, but they provide a significant gain for spontaneous speech. Not only do the automatically learned pronunciation models capture some of the linguistic variation due to the speaking style, but they also represent variation in the acoustic model due to channel effects. The largest improvement was seen in the telephone speech condition, in which 12% of the errors produced by the baseline system were corrected.
Thermal strain characteristics of RBO silicon carbide to 4 K and resultant hysteresis

Silicon carbide is one of the few materials developed over recent years which exhibits a combination of mechanical and physical properties that equal or exceed those of most all other materials over a thermal range well above room temperature to the cryogenic extremes. As such, it has all of the excellent qualities demanded for high acuity optical systems for use as both an optic which can be made lightweight and a structural support bench or metering material. Of particular interest is the behavior of this material for cryogenic application. Current available data for thermal expansion characteristics is limited to the region between room temperature and 80 degrees Kelvin. The measurement technique and results of a characterization program for accurately quantifying the nominal thermal strain characteristics of reaction bonded optical grade (RBO) silicon carbide down to 4 degrees Kelvin are presented and discussed. Hysteresis data, important for knowledge of predictable structure motions and optical figure after the extremes of thermal excursion cycling, also are discussed. The presentation concludes with discussions of the implications of these properties as they pertain to the design and performance of cryogenic optical systems.
Performance comparison between single-carrier and OFDM using the cutoff rate

This article aims to establish a performance comparison between the Single Carrier with Cyclic Prefix (SCCP) and the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems in terms of the cutoff rate. We consider both linearly equalized SCCP (LE-SCCP) and the SCCP equalized with a decision feedback equalizer (DFE-SCCP). A theoretical approach to the problem is proposed and simulation results showing the cutoff rate for several coding rates are also presented. Still, the systems BLER are evaluated and its dependency on the coding rate are analyzed and compared to the behavior shown by the cutoff rate analysis. Keywords— OFDM, frequency domain equalization, singlecarrier, DFE, cutoff rate, channel coding.